IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OR MANUFACTURE OF PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to, Johannes Möller, of No. 8, Shaftesbury Villas,
Hornsey Rise, Islington, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OR MANUFACTURE OF
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Johannes Möller at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents; with his Petition, on the
12th October 1864.
I, JOHANNES MÖLLER, of No. 8, Shaftesbury Villas, Hornsey Rise, Islington,
in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of tho
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OR MANUFACTURE OF COLORING
MATTER FOR MARKING INK AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object to produce a fast red writing and marking
ink, and a coloring matter suitable for dyeing a red color miore conveniently
than preparations heretofore employed, as this coloring matter only requires
one mordant, whereas for Turkey red many preparations are now required,
and in printing it requires no steam or beat, is printed direct on the material,
and produces a fine fast red color. I take for these purposes any suitable
preparation or extract from madder root, such as alizarine, and when perfectly
free from acid I prepare it with any suitable alkali or alkaline salts; I prefer
carbonate and cyanide of potash in the proportion of, say, two to three and a
half drams to the fluid pound of color, thereby developing a considerable
coloring power. For rendering the preparation suitable for marking ink I

page_text: compound it if required with alcohol and a little sulphuric ether, also a gummy
or stiffening substance and a little carmine or vermilion; or, say, the marking
ink is compounded in the following proportions:-To the fluid dram of color
there is added about one or one and a half grains of cyanide of potassium, one
drop of gum water, and to render it thinner if necessary one or two drops of
alcohol and sulphuric ether. The carmine or vermilion may be employed in
the proportion of one or one and a half grains to the fluid-dram.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
FICATION
by the said Johannes Möller in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
12th April 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHANNES
MÖLLER, of No. 8, Shaftesbury Villas, Hornsey Rise, Islington, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twelfth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-eighth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the: said Johannes Möller, Her special licence that I, the said Johannes
Möller, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Johannes Möller, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should. at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE PREPARATION OR MANUFACTURE OF COLORING MATTER FOR MARKING
INK AND OTHER PURPOSES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Johannes Möller, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six, calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent,
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Johannes Möller, do hereby declare tho
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:

page_text: This Invention has for its object to produce a fast red writing and marking
ink, and a coloring matter suitable for dyeing a red color more conveniently
than preparations heretofore employed, as this coloring matter only requires one
mordaunt, whereas for Turkey red many preparations are now required, and
in printing it requires no steam, is printed direct on the material, and produces
'a fine. fast red color. I take for these purposes any suitable preparation or
extract.from madder root, such as alizarine, and when perfectly free from acid
I prepare it with any suitable alkali or alkaline salts, such as carbonate of
potash and cyanide of potassium, thereby developing a considerable coloring
power. For rendering the preparation suitable for marking ink I compound
it if required with alcohol and a gummy or stiffening substance and a little
carmine or other body giving substance.
In carrying out my Invention I proceed in the following manner :-In
order to obtain the fast color giving extract alizarine derived from madder
roots or garancine, the following known processes. may be resorted to, viz!:,
boiling it out of madder root or garancine with spirits, or by boiling com-
mercial green alizarine with petroleum or extracts therefrom, by which boiling
the alizarine will be obtained in solution in the petroleum; and then may be
extracted out of the oil by pouring it hot into a weak and hot alkaline solution,
caustic soda or caustic potash being preferred for this purpose; by strongly
shaking this mixture the 'alizarine will be drawn-out of the oil, and will
collect in the alkaline solution, the oil will rise clear to the top, and may be
'gently poured off; the alizarine is precipitated with a weak solution of
sulphuric acid thrown on a filter, and freed from the acid by washing with
cold water; or alizarine suitable for my purpose may be drawn out of the
green alizarine by sublimation. The green alizarine is put into, a shallow pan
with a cover, the cover about 3 inches from the bottom of the pan; when this
is strongly.heated from below a yellow smoke will issue, which will collect on
cooling inside the cover in brilliant yellow and red needles, or it may be extracted
in other manners. I take such alizarine and a certain portion of the alkali.or
alkaline salt, preferring cyanide of potassium or caustic potash. When the
alizarine is moist I mix it, or when dry I grind it with either the cyanide of
potassium or caustic potash, as the case may be, and use from one and a half
to two and a half drachms of cyanide of potassium or caustic potash, and
from three to five drachms of alizarine to the fluid pound of color; according
to the strength required; this will give a red color. To produce crimson I
add to the fluid pound of color about four grains of the substance commonly
called white bismuth.
The marking ink I compose in the following manner :-I add to the fluid

page_text: pound of color; prepared, as above described with cyanide of potassium or
caustic potash, from one half to one drachm of carmine or green alizarine free
from acid (I prefer the last), two drachms! of alcohol and two and a half
draclims of thin flour paste; this will give upon a suitable mordant a red
color. To produce a crimson color I add to the fluid pound: of color about four
grains of white bismuth. The bismuth is ground with the color: The cyanide
of potassium, caustic potash, or other alkali or salt employed may be of
commercial purity; insoluble matters should, however, be separated by
dissolving the material and drawing off the clear solution, but a better result
is obtained by using a salt of greater purity., Carbonate, of potash may be.
employed, but the color produced is rather feebler than that produced with
cyanide of potassium or caustic potash, soda, and soda salts, and also ammonia
and ammonia salts may be used, but not so advantageously. The mordant
which I employ by preference both in marking on fabrics, and also in dyeing
and printing, I prepare by dissolving half a pound of Roman or Levantine
alum in five gallons of water, and to this I add one pound of common acetic
acid. Sumach may also be added to the mordant. The fabric to be marked,
dyed, or printed, is wetted with the mordant, and then dried.
What I claim is the preparation or manufacture of coloring matter for
marking ink and other purposes by compounding a preparation or extract of
madder root, such as alizarine, with cyanide of potassium, caustic potash, or
other alkaline salt or alkali, by which means I obtain a material which when
used for writing, printing, or dyeing, produces a fast color, and requires no
:heat or steam:
In witness whereof; I, the said Johannes Möller, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twelfth day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-five.
JOHANNES MOLLER. (L.S.)