Improvements in Burners for Generating Gas from Oils or Com- bustible Liquids, and Burning the same to Produce Light and Heat, and in Apparatus Connected therewith.
Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Nov., 1886
Complete Left, 19th Aug., 1887
Complete Accepted, 27th Sept., 1887.
Improvements in Burners for Generating Gas from Oils or Com-
bustible Liquids, and Burning the same to Produce Light and
Heat, and in Apparatus Connected therewith.
I ROUGHSEDGE WALLWORK of the firm of Henry Wallwork and Co. of Union
Bridge Iron Works, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Ironfounder, do hereby
declare the nature of the said invention, to be as follows :-
Firstly. My invention relates to self generating gas burners for producing light
and heat and consists in arranging pipes or channels, into and through which the oil
or other combustible liquid is passed to be heated and converted into gas and then
discharged to be burned to give light and heat-The pipes or channels for heating the
combustible liquid and generating gas therefrom are arranged so as to be enveloped
as fully as possible in the flame from the gas generated when burned.
These generating pipes or channels are or may be formed by a pipe of small
diameter within a pipe of larger diameter leaving an annular space between the
exterior of the small, and interior of the large pipe, and the oil supplied thereto and
the gas therefrom is made to pass along the inner tube and return back in the annular
space or vice versa; and several of these pipes are or may be combined together so
that the oil after traversing these pipes is heated and converted into gas and the gas is
further heated and is then discharged at the base or lower part and centre of the
generating pipes or channels and then mixes with air and burns when ignited.
The generating pipes may also be made in helical form.
The supply of air to mix with the gas is regulated by a valve which is or may be
formed by a disc or cylinder having slits or openings which disc or cylinder is capable
of revolving or oscillating over other slits, openings or ports for air to pass to supply
the flame.
There is a chamber round the air valve with a conical top, which chamber is
arranged to be raised and lowered to suit the flame.
The oil or combustible liquid to be consumed comes to the gas generating pipes or
passages under pressure which is supplied from any convenient source by gravity or

page_text: by pumps, or by any of the methods for supplying combustible oils or liquids to self
generating gas burners described in the Specification of Letters Patent granted to
myself Numbered 15,382 A.D. 1884.
The gas is discharged from the generator with considerable force, and induces or
draws a sufficient supply of air for combustion.
The burner is turned to such position when first lighted as to get the generating
pipes or channels properly heated as the oil will have to be fully converted into gas,
before the burner is effective.
Secondly. My invention consists in combining the gas generating burner above
described with arrangements for supplying it with oil or combustible liquid under
pressure.
The burner is on the end of a pipe connected with a cistern filled with the oil or
liquid to be burned which cistern or vessel is or may be similar to those described in
the Specification of Letters Patent aforesaid. The burner is or may be on a stand
pipe capable of being turned from a horizontal position, when the burner is first
heated and the gas is ignited to a vertical position when the burner is fully heated for
burning the gas generated and giving light and heat.
Dated this Twenty third day of November 1886.

page_text: Improvements in Burners for Generating Gas from Oils or Com-
bustible Liquids, and Burning the same to Produce Light and
Heat, and in Apparatus Connected therewith.
I ROUGHSEDGE WALLWORK of the firm of Henry Wallwork & Co. of Union Bridge
Iron Works, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Ironfounder, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
Firstly. My invention relates to self generating gas burners for producing light
and heat from oil or other combustible liquids, and from which burners, light can be
obtained, equal to several thousand candles, or less as required, according to the size
of the burner employed, and my invention consists in arranging pipes or channels into
and through which the oil or other combustible liquid is passed to be heated and
converted into gas, superheated and then discharged to be burned, to give light and
heat.
The pipes or channels above mentioned are arranged so as to be enveloped as fully
as possible in the flame produced from the gas, which is generated by the apparatus,
when burned.
These pipes or channels may be formed and arranged in a variety of ways of which
four modifications are hereinafter described and illustrated by the drawings as
examples, which I have found very effective, but I do not limit myself to any
particular arrangement of the pipes or channels so long as they are as fully enveloped
in the flame produced as possible as herein described.
The oil or combustible liquid is supplied to the burner under such pressure, at
least, as will resist the pressure generated and produced in the said gas generating
pipes or channels.
Arrangements are made for supplying, heating regulating and directing the air
which is to mix with the gases to be burned.
Secondly. My invention relates to arrangements to be combined with the said self
generating gas burners to supply the same with the oil or combustible liquid at the
desired pressure.
This is or may be effected, especially where power is available, by means of pumps
or other liquid propellers which are arranged to deliver the oil to the pipe or pipes
supplying the burners there being a valve upon or connected with the supply pipe to
the burner which is kept closed with a pressure equal to that at which the oil or
combustible liquid is to pass to the burner, and when this pressure is exceeded the
valve will open, and allow the surplus combustible liquid to flow by any suitable pipe
or channel, back to its source and thus maintain the desired pressure in the supply
pipe.
Or the combustible liquid is supplied to the burner by gravity, where a sufficient
height of column or head of it can be conveniently obtained, or by the pressure of air,
pumped or obtained in any convenient manner, and acting upon the surface of the

page_text: combustible liquid in a closed vessel, to force it therefrom to the burner, or by the
pressure of water acting upon the combustible liquid, and obtained from the water
space of a steam boiler or from any other convenient source, giving the required
pressure, or the pressure is or may be obtained from loaded rams or accumulators.
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section of one modification of burner and fig. 2 an outside
elevation thereof.
Fig. 3 is a section on the line A-A and fig. 4 a section on the line B-B fig. 1, these
sections being in planes at a right angle to the longitudinal axis of the burner.
a is the pipe by which the oil or combustible liquid is conveyed to the burner, it has
or may have placed in its bore for a short length, wire gauze or other material leaving
interstices through which the combustible liquid will pass such material acting as a
filter to keep impurities in the combustible liquid from passing to and obstructing the
passages in the burner.
This filtering arrangement may be at the entrance or in any part of the pipe
between the source of supply of combustible liquid and the burner.
The exterior of the pipe for a short length is screw threaded for the purpose
hereinafter described and also so that the base part of the burner may be secured upon
the end of the pipe.
The base part 6 of the burner is cylindrical in form and has a series of channels or
passages formed in it, hereinafter referred to, and it has (in the example shown in the
drawings) nearly vertical screw tapped holes for three pairs of heating pipes c, c² and c²
each pair consists of a large and small pipe, the small pipe passing into the interior of
the large pipe, and leaving an annular space between the exterior of the small and
interior of the large pipe. The large pipes are open at their lower ends, and closed at
their upper ends, and the small pipes are open at both ends.
The lateral passages in the base of the burner bare drilled out and the screw plugs 6¹
shown in figs. 1, 3 and 4 are to close the openings to the passages made by the drill.
The combustible liquid enters from the pipe a into a central chamber in the base h
of the burner, then enters a lateral passage b leading to the bore of the small pipe in
the large pipe c, then at the top of this small pipe it enters the upper end of the largo
pipe down which it returns through the annular space beween the two pipes to a
channel 6 fig. 4 and along it to the lower open end of the large pipe c, up the
annular space to the top, then down the bore of the small pipe within it to a channel 6ª,
fig. 3, from which it passes up the bore of the small pipe in the large pipe c², and
down the annular space to the base 6 and then along a channel 6' to the central burner
or nozzled where the combustible liquid escapes with great force, the liquid having
been converted into gas and the gas superheated in its passage through the said small
and large pipes and channels.
The outlet for the gas, is a nozzle or burner d screwed into the centre of the base of
the burner the outlet being a round hole of a size to suit the size of light and quantity
of gas escaping.
The upper ends of the small tubes or pipes have or may have small projections to
come against the interior of the large pipes, and thus keep that end of the small pipes
about annular with the large pipes c c¹ and c², the spaces between the said projections
allowing a free passage for liquid or gas.
As the nozzle d for the escaping gas is in the centre of the pipes c, c² and the
flame (when the escaping gas is lighted) is vertical and envelopes the pipes above it
and heats them and this heat converts the combustible liquid into gas and super-heats
it before escaping from the nozzle.
The base of the burner 6 and part of the pipes c, c¹ and ² is encircled by a
cylinder e terminating at its upper end in a cone as shown, the lower end of the
cylinder being closed by a disc e². The air passing into the cylinder is heated
therein before it arrives at and mixes with the escaping gases.
The disc e¹ is connected with a cylinder in which there are vertical slots e which
correspond with similar slots in the cone cylinder e, which does not rotate, but the
cylinder with the disc e' attached can rotate and when rotated the spaces between
the slots in the cone cylinder e* are or may be made to cover more or less the slot

page_text: openings in the cone cylinder e and thus regulate the openings for air passing into the
cylinder and to the burner through the slots e³.
The disc e¹ is bored out to pass on to the feed-pipe a of the burner and rests upon
the boss of the hand wheel e which screws upon the exterior of the feed pipe a.
By screwing this hand wheel up or down the upper part of the cone upon the
cylinder e can be adjusted to the escaping jet of burning gases to draw, direct, and
supply the air to produce most perfect combination of the gases and give the best
light.
Fig. 9 is a side elevation, fig. 10 a plan view, fig. 11 a sectional elevation and
fig. 12 a section on the line - fig. 11, of another modification of burner according
to my invention.
The lower part of the burner b is cast, with its passages all in one piece; a is the
supply pipe for the combustible liquid, which pipe is connected to one side of the
lower part 6 of the burner, leaving the centre clear for a screw ; which screws
through the casting and is packed by a stuffing box gland.
The screw is turned by a hand wheel and the end of the screw forms a cone or
point as shown which can enter the hole in the burner d. through which the heated
gas or vapour passes out, and is then ignited the cone point is made by the screw j
to fill more or less the hole of the burner d and thus regulate the quantity of gas
passing through the burner d as in the ordinary self generating gas burner. It will
be seen from the drawings and the arrows thereon that the combustible liquid passes
from the supply pipe a up the pipe c down the pipe c¹ to the lower part of the burner b
along the passage 6 therein, then up the pipe and down the pipe then along a
passage in the part 6 to the burner d.
Z
The upper ends of the pipes are connected by couplings as shown each with a screw
plug ex for cleaning out the bores when obstructed.
There are also screw plugs b' at each end of the passage b' and also at one end of
the passage &, for cleaning out and removing any obstructions therein.
There is a cylindrical part e with a cone top, and there is another cylindrical parte³
annular to the first named. The tubes c, c' c and c³ pass through the spaces left
between the two cylinders e and eas best shown by fig. 12, the two cylindrical parts
being cast in one piece and connected by the parts e*.
There is a clamp e shown, in fig. 12, the ends of which can come against two
adjoining tubes c and c³ and there is a screw c' from this clamp e passing through the
outer cylinder e, which screw has a winged-screw nut on its exterior.
By this arrangement the cone one can be adjusted and secured at the proper
position to draw in air by the action of the escaping jet of gas, through the space
between the lower edge of the outer cylinder and the lower part of the burner 6 for
the combustion of the gas.
In some cases a shield k of thin metal is or may be secured by a screw k² as shown
to the tube a, or to one of the tubes c (see fig. 10) to protect the flame against strong
currents of air that would tend to blow the flame away from the heating burner
tubes cc and c³.
C
If required the heating tubes may be enclosed in glass sided frames to shield the
flame from currents of air.
Fig. 13 is a side elevation and fig. 14 a plan view of another form of burner
according to my invention.
The lower part 6 of this burner, so far as the burner d and screw regulator j and j¹
is similar to that herein before described and illustrated by figs. 9 and 11.
In this burner the heating tubes are all cast in one piece and one end of the tube.c
where the combustible liquid enters is connected up with the casting b and the supply
pipe a and the other end of the tube c³ is connected with a passage b' in the casting b
leading to the burner & which passage 6' has a screw plug 6' for cleaning out.
The heating tubes c, c³ are formed by a series of ascending and descending passages
or tubes connected at their ends and arranged in a circle with screw plugs c* at cach
upper and lower bend for cleaning out.

page_text: The air director is formed by one cylinder e having a cone, the cylindrical part e
having a loop or projection on one side with a hole in it to pass through the pipe cup
and down which it can be adjusted and then secured to the pipe by a set screw passing
through the loop the point of the screw coming against the pipe c.
Fig: 15 is a sectional elevation and fig. 16 a plan section on the line D D fig. 15
showing another modification of my invention.
The lower part of the burner 6 is cast in one piece and the pipes or passages which
are to be connected with the heating pipes are also cast in one piece with the lower
part of the burner b as shown in fig. 15.
The upper ends of the pipes cast with the lower part of the burner b are connected
together by a ring or flange 6' also cast with the said pipes, there being open spaces
for air to pass between the said pipes.
The heating pipes c, c', c and care cast in pairs, and their lower ends are
connected together by a flange and are secured to the ring 6° by bolts 68 (see fig. 15)
to make joints with the passages or pipes in the lower part of the burner b.
The supply pipe (not shown) is connected with the lower part of the burner b, and
with a pipe or passage therein connected with the pipe c (see fig. 16) and the
combustible liquid ascends that pipe and then descends the pipe c (see fig. 15) and the
connected descending passage or pipe in the base part 6 then goes along the passage b
(see fig. 16) with a screw plug 6 for cleaning at each end, then ascends the pipe c²
and descends the pipe c³ (see arrows fig. 15) then descends the connected pipe or
passage in the base part 6 and enters the cavity 6x in the lower part of the burner b
which forms a cistern or receptacle for any deposit which can be cleaned out by
removing the screw plugs 6º.
The cylinder e and cone air director is arranged to slide up and down within the
interior of the tubes in the lower casting b and it is secured when adjusted by a
winged set screw c' which screws through a projection from one tube in the base b
the point of the screw coming against the cylinder e (see fig. 16).
There are screw plugs c* at the upper ends of the heating tubes for cleaning out or
removing deposit.
As before stated I do not confine myself to the number, arrangement or length of
the generating tubes, pipes or channels, as these are determined by the size of flame
or light required, and the quality or character of the oil or combustible liquid used,
but may state that a light Petroleum oil will require less heat to convert it into gas
and superheat it and less pressure of supply than other and various Hydro-carbon oils
or combustible liquids.
I have already explained that the combustible liquid is supplied to the burner under
pressure, that is pressure not only sufficient to carry the combustible liquid to the
burner but also sufficient to force it through the passages and resist the back pressure
generated in the pipes by the heat, and I have mentioned some of the methods by
which such required pressure is or may be obtained, and in figs. 5 and 6 and
figs. 7 and 8.
I have shown the above described self generating gas burner illustrated by
figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4 combined with two modifications of portable apparatus.
I may here also state that the apparatus shown is similar to that described in a
specification of British Letters Patent granted to me and Numbered 15,382 and
dated 22nd November 1884 for supplying combustible liquids to common and well
known self generating gas burners and any of the methods for supplying oil or
combustible liquid to ordinary self generating gas burners described in the said
specification and giving the required pressure may be used for supplying combustible
liquids to the self-generating gas burners hereinbefore described.
Fig. 5 is a side elevation and fig. 6 a plan view of apparatus which is or may be
operated by the pressure of water from any source having sufficient head or
pressure, such for instance as is generally found in the mains supplying Towns with water.
f is a closed cistern or vessel, of any suitable form but of the form shown by
preference.

page_text: At its upper end it has a funnel f1 for supplying combustible liquid to the vessel
the opening from the funnel and into the vessel being closed by a screw plug f³.
There is a pipe f³ secured into the upper part of the cistern and which passes inside
nearly to the bottom of the cistern fand the exterior end of this pipe is provided with
a cock and a nozzle which by an india rubber or other pipe is connected with; the
water supply which is to give the required pressure.
This pipe f³ has or may have a guage f to show the pressure within the
cistern.
At the bottom of the cistern or vessel f there is a junction a¹ upon which a stand
pipe (a) is arranged so that it can swivel from a horizontal position to a vertical
position.
This pipe a has a cock a³ to regulate the supply of combustible liquid to the
burner b.
When the burner is to be lighted, the pipe a is turned to a horizontal position, then
the oil or combustible liquid is allowed to flow from it upon ignited waste fibrous
material to get the generating pipes heated and generating gas when the pipe a is then
turned into its vertical position.
The cistern is or may be arranged on a carriage frame 9 and wheels g¹ so as to be
moved to the required position and then lowered until the bottom of the cistern rests
upon the ground or floor.
When heavy Hydro-carbon oils or combustible liquids are used which sink in water,
they descend to the bottom of the cistern, and the water acts upon the upper surface
of the combustible liquid and forces it out through the junction a' but when light oils
or combustible liquids are used which float upon water, then it acts when under
pressure to force out the combustible liquid from the junction f' to which the stand
pipe a in such case is connected, the junction a¹ being then closed.
When the combustible liquid in the cistern is exhausted the cock f' is first closed
and the cistern is refilled by pouring oil that sinks in water into the funnel allowing
the water to escape, by taking out the screw plug, and replacing it when the cistern
is filled with oil or combustible liquid.
When combustible liquid is used that, floats in water and the cistern is to be refilled,
the cock f is shut and the water is drawn off from the cistern at the junction a¹ by
removing the screw plug and replacing it when the water has escaped, the oil being
then placed in the cistern.
Fig. 7 is a side elevation and fig. 8 a plan of an arrangement in which the
combustible liquid is supplied to the burner by pressure from a loaded ram or
accumulator.
There is a cistern which by pivots fx may be carried on the frame (9) with
wheels (9) as described in reference to figs. 5 and 6.
This cistern is or may be open to the atmosphere and the combustible liquid placed
in it. There is within the cistern a small force pump h actuated by a lever h¹ having
its fulcrum at h² and a link h³ between the lever and pump ram.
This pump is provided with ordinary valves and takes the liquid from the cistern ƒ
and forces it into a ram cylinder i, the lower end of which is secured in a socket
formed in the bottom plate of the cistern, which cylinder has a ram in it, packed
with ordinary hydraulic packing at its upper end, the ram having a cross head
attached to it for two rods which are connected with an annular weight upon
which other weights are or may be placed, which annular weights are guided as the
ram ascends or descends by sliding against the exterior of the ram cylinder i.
There is a pipe from the bottom of the ram cylinder to a junction a' for the swivel
stand pipe a for the burner b.
The ram cylinder is filled by the pump to force up the ram and when or before the
ram has got to its lowest position, the pump is again worked to refill the ram cylinder,
and so on as required.
Several burners are or may be supplied by the apparatus hereinbefore described if
desired from the same main supply pipe.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is.
1. Self generating gas burners for burning oils or combustible liquids where the
generating pipes or channels are arranged to be enveloped in the flame produced from
the gas generated substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated by the
drawings.
2. Self generating gas burners for burning oils or combustible liquids, where the
generating pipes or channels are arranged to be enveloped in the flame produced and
are supplied with oil or combustible liquid under sufficient pressure substantially as
herein before described and illustrated by the drawings.
3. The combination and arrangement of generating pipes and channels, and
apparatus for drawing heating, regulating and directing, the supply of air to burners
or apparatus for generating gas from oils or combustible liquids substantially as
herein before described and illustrated by the drawings.
4. The combination of self generating gas burners or apparatus substantially as
hereinbefore described and illustrated by figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4 or by figs. 9, 10, 11 and 12
or figs. 13 and 14 or figs. 15 and 16, with arrangements for supplying oil or com-
bustible liquid thereto under sufficient pressure substantially as hereinbefore described
and also substantially as described and illustrated by figs. 5 and 6 and figs. 7 and 8
of the drawings.