A New or Improved Method of Drying, Heating, and similarly Treating Powdered and other Substances.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 14th Jan., 1897
Complete Specification Left, 19th Mar., 1897-Accepted, 15th May, 1897
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
A New or Improved Method of Drying, Heating, and similarly
Treating Powdered and other Substances.
I, FRITZ TIEMANN, of Schottwitz, near Breslau, in the German Empire,
Managing Director, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows
This invention relates to a new or improved method of drying, heating or
similarly treating powdered, granulated, muddy and other substances, the heating or
the like being carried out if desired, in furnaces or kilns of known construction.
In carrying this invention into effect the substance to be treated is placed within
hollow and preferably globular containers which may be constructed of metal or any
other suitable material, and these containers are subjected to heat. The substances
to be treated are preferably formed into a paste which may be kneaded, by the
addition, if necessary, to dry substances, of any suitable binding material. The
containers are so formed as to permit the easy insertion and withdrawal of the
substances, as for example by forming them in two or more parts; and they are
preferably perforated.
If a chemical reaction is desired the necessary re-agents may be added to or
incorporated with the material within the container.
A convenient way of effecting the heating or similar treatment is to place the'
filled containers in a furnace or the like constructed with sloping sides so that the
weight of the upper rows or layers of containers is not borne entirely by those in
the lower. rows. The lower rows are subjected to the greatest heat and are
withdrawn when the treatment is finished. Room is thus made for the containers in
the upper rows which fall down without any shock. A container added to the upper
row of containers is thus subjected to a gradually increasing heat until it is removed
from the bottom.
The removed containers may be emptied, refilled and replaced in the upper rows of
containers in the furnace.
31-
A New or Improved Method of Drying, Heating, and similarly,
Treating Powdered and other Substances.
I, FRITZ TIEMANN of Schottwitz near Breslau, in the German Empire,
Managing Director, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :—
This invention relates to a new or improved method of drying, heating, or

page_text: similarly treating powdered, granular, muddy and other substances: the heating
being carried out, if desired, in furnaces or kilns of known construction.
In carrying this invention into effect, the substance to be treated is placed within
hollow bodies or containers which may be egg-shaped, pear-shaped, or be otherwise
shaped without angles, and the containers are then subjected to a gradually increasing
heat until the desired temperature has been reached.
The substances to be treated are preferably formed into a paste or dough by the
addition of a suitable binding medium and kneading or working, and they can in this
condition be inserted into the containers by the aid of any suitable known appliances
or apparatus.
If a chemical reaction is desired to take place between the substance to be treated
and some other substance, the other substance can be added before insertion into the
containers.
The material from which the containers are constructed, depends upon the nature
of the material to be treated therein. They may be formed in one or more parts and
are preferably provided with one or more apertures or slots, which when granular or
pulverulent materials are to be treated may be protected by wire gauze or other like
material. For some purposes it may be desirable to make a circular opening in the
wall of the container and insert into this opening a short open tube the inner end of
which reaches almost to the opposite wall of the container. A globular container
used for the purposes of this invention will usually not be more than about eight
inches diameter.
These improvements may be applied in many branches of industry, and may best
be described with reference to a typical example in the manufacture of hydraulic and
other cements.
The raw material in the state of a doughy "slip" is introduced into a brick making
machine or similar unachine provided with a circular instead of a rectangular outlet.
The machine being started, the cylinder of issuing material is cut into lengths each
of which has a volume about equal to the volume of one of the containers. In this
case, each container is formed in two parts, and the short cylinder of slip is placed
within one part of the container and the other part is then placed over it and pressed
down until the edges of the two parts meet, when they are fastened together by any
suitable means. The filled containers are then, without any preliminary drying,
introduced into a kiln or drying chamber wherein they are exposed to suitable
degrees of heat to expel the water, which escapes through the perforations in the walls
of the containers. This drying process is carried on continuously, the recently filled
containers being added at the top of the kiln or chamber whilst those containing
the dried material are removed from the bottom. During the drying therefore, the
filled containers gradually move from the top to the bottom of the kiln or drying
chamber.
The temperature will of course be regulated in accordance with the conditions of
each case as will be well understood.
The containers removed from the bottom of the kiln or drying chamber are opened
and the now rigid contents are removed and introduced into an ordinary or other
suitable burning kiln, where they are burnt as in the ordinary manufacture of
Portland cement. Of course in the manufacture of cements having a basis of
calcium sulphate, the dried contents of the containers after removal are calcined in
the ordinary manner instead of being burnt in open kilns. In brief, after removal
of the dried material from the containers, it is subjected to the ordinary processes of
manufacture.
By these improvements, the ordinary preliminary drying is avoided, and no account
need be taken of the weather; the work is continuous; loss of material is avoided ;
and a great economy of labour and power is effected. These advantages are
enhanced by the shape of the dried masses of material, which makes them
convenient to handle, and promotes uniform burning or calcination and movement
in the kiln.
Analogous methods of procedure may be adopted in other cases. Thus, in the

page_text: manufacture of artificial stone, the raw material may be placed in containers which
have a spherical external form but are shaped inside to the form required, so that
dovetailed grooves may be originated for example in the faces of the product.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
The hereinbefore described method of drying, heating and similarly treating
substances within containers, the said containers being constructed substantially as
set forth.
Dated this 18th day of March, A.D. 1897.
W. E. HEYS & SON,
Agents for the Applicant.