matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WIRE CONDUCTORS FOR ELECTRO-TELE- GRAPHIC PURPOSES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Boggett at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th December
1865.
I, WILLIAM BOGGETT, of Lindsey Row, Chelsea, in the County of Middle-
sex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WIRE CONDUCTORS FOR ELECTRO-TELE-
GRAPHIC PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to enclose electro-telegraphic conductors in a
covering formed by wire that has been flattened in passing between rollers.
This is readily accomplished by first enfolding one end of the flattened wire or
fillet lengthways round one end of the wire conductor; they are then drawn
together through a hole of proper dimensions in a draw plate, by which means
a uniformly smooth, and closely adhering cover is formed, and the conductors
can thus be made of any required length without soldering, because the joints
of the inner and outer conductors being always made a considerable distance
apart there is no break of continuity.
The conductors which I prefer to construct according to my Invention for
submarine purposes are made according to the four following methods:
Firstly, I use round copper wire for the centre which I enfold in an outer
covering of the same metal as above described, and when the end of the first
length of inner wire is reached I connect it with another length, either by a
long scarf or dovetail joint, and continue the outer covering over it, and

page_text: when the end of the flat wire is reached a second length is added bringing the
two into contact.
Secondly, I take any required number of small copper wires (about the size
known as No. 25), which with a view to their occupying the smallest space I
make hexagonal (either by drawing them through a hole of that form in a
draw plate, or by means of suitably formed rollers), and I enclose them
within a flatted wire or fillet as previously described.
Thirdly, I take a round copper wire which I surround by a circle of small
wires of square or other approximate section, and I enclose the whole in a
longitudinal cover or fillet in the manner herein-before described.
Fourthly, I take a round copper wire which has been corrugated lengthways
in the shape of pinion wire, and into each of the recesses or grooves so formed
I lay a small wire of a size to fill them or thereabouts, and I then enclose the
whole in an outer covering as previously described. In each case the outer
covering or fillet may be amalgamated with quicksilver in order to diminish
induction.
Although copper is the most suitable metal for the conductors of submarine
or subterranean cables, I do not confine myself to the use of that metal,
as other metals or alloys may be used for the outer covering with greater
advantage and at less cost, particularly for the purpose of preserving wire
conductors suspended in the air or otherwise from oxidation. .
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MAKING RIVETS, SPIKES, SCREW BLANKS, BOLTS, NUTS, AND OTHER SUCH LIKE ARTICLES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Lewis at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th September
1865.
I, JOHN LEWIS, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer and
Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MAKING RIVETS, SPIKES, SCREW BLANKS,
BOLTS, NUTS, AND OTHER SUCH LIKE ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
In my present Invention a similarity exists in the general conformation to
a machine patented by me on the 13th day of July 1864, No. 1746, except
the horizontal motion therein claimed not being required. My present object
being to make round-shouldered rivets, spikes, screw blanks, and bolts, like-
wise nuts. I use a self-acting feed motion from a regulating disc plate lever
and connecting rod, I use a similar headstock and lever to the before-men-
tioned Patent with the vertical slide blocks, but the bottom block instead of
remaining stationary as in the before-mentioned Patent is made to slide up,
following the action of the upper die block by means of a volute or other
spring or a lever motion. I obtain by this motion the displacement of the
rivet or other object, by bringing it up to the front of the cutter plate, through
which the bar is fed, and by which bar it is driven out by the next feed. For
countersunk or round small heads I use a solid die block and solid dies, in

page_text: the face of which is a guide; for the heading tool I use a self-acting feed
motion and rolls, acted upon by a regulating disc plate, lever, and connecting
rod.
For making nuts I fix in the sliding blocks two half dies, remove the feed
motion, and feed by hand, using a round, square, or other shaped bar of iron,
from the end of which I cut off length-way of the grain; and in place of the
heading tool used for making rivets, I place a pointed perforating tool, which
in making the hole in the nut forces the metal displaced in making the hole
into the body of such nut, which is compressed by a shoulder on such per-
forating tool, thus compressing the metal into any shape required by the shape
of dies, the top and bottom dies remain compressing the nut until the per-
forating tool has retired, when by means of the volute or other spring or
motion, the bottom die rises sufficient to bring the nut thus made up to the
bar introduced for making the next nut, which by its next introduction dis-
places the nut already made, the back plate which forms the cutter plate,
likewise forms the swage block to perforate through, and for rounding the
edges of the nut I use a cam for working the cutting off lever, same as in
my before-mentioned Patent.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR PURIFYING SMOKE, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES IN WHICH GAS OR VAPOUR IS TO BE SEPARATED FROM SUBSTANCES COMBINED THEREWITH OR HELD IN SUSPENSION THEREIN
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Michael Henry at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th April
1865. A communication from abroad by Joseph Bourgeois and Jules
Mathieu, both of 38, Boulevart Saint Martin, Paris, France.
I, MICHAEL HENRY, of 84, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR PURIFYING SMOKE, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE
ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES IN WHICH GAS OR VAPOUR IS TO BE SEPARATED
FROM SUBSTANCES COMBINED THEREWITH OR HELD IN SUSPENSION THEREIN," Com-
municated to me from abroad by Joseph Bourgeois and Jules Mathieu, both
of 33, Boulevart Saint Martin, Paris, France, to be as follows:-
17
The principle object of this Invention is to purify or separate smoke from
soot or fuliginous matters; it is also applicable to other purposes in which gas.
or vapour is to be separated from solids combined therewith, or matters held
in suspension therein, the purification or separation being so effected that the
soot or other matters expelled from the smoke, gas, or vapour, may be usefully.
applied.
The Invention consists in the employment and construction of apparatus in
which the smoke, gas, or vapour is led into a passage or chamber, and caused
to pass through it in a downward direction, and while descending it is sub-
jected to the action of water or other liquid, or of a solid substance, such
water, liquid, or solid being introduced in showers or jets, or in a finely divided
condition, and caused to drop or fall through the passage or chamber so as to
pass in a downward direction through the smoke, gas, or vapour therein, at

page_text: a greater velocity of descent than such smoke, gas, or vapour, from which in
its descent it separates or expels the soot or other solid matters combined
therewith, or substances held in suspension therein, and falls with the sub-
stances so separated or expelled into a receiver at the bottom of the passage
or chamber. The soot or other substances so expelled may be afterwards
separated from the water or other agent in order to be usefully applied. For
furnace smoke the height of purifying or separating passage recommended in
many cases is four metres, say 12 feet to 12 feet 6 inches (English).
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1 is an elevation, partly in section, in which A is a furnace, from
which the smoke passes in the direction of the arrows through a flue B,
down a passage C, and along a flue D into a chimney E. While the smoke
is passing down the passage C, cold water is injected from a tank F by a pipe f
through a perforated plate G, which divides it into fine jets or showers which
descend the chamber C through the smoke therein, but at greater velocity,
and carry off the soot into the receiver H.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS, AND IN CARTRIDGES TO BE USED THEREWITH
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
July 1865-A communication from abroad by Pierre Didier Jardinier,
of Rue St. Sebastien, Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS, AND IN
CARTRIDGES TO BE USED THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to that kind of breech-loading fire-arms known as
needle guns. The hammer which drives forward the needle to ignite the
cartridge is situate inside the lock instead of outside, as is the case with the
ordinary percussion hammer, this improved hammer being so arranged that it
can be cocked or uncocked without interfering with the apparatus by means
of which the moveable breech is worked for the purpose of introducing a
cartridge. For this purpose the hammer is mounted at the under part of the
lock in a line with and in front of the ordinary trigger. It projects upwards
a sufficient distance to drive forward the needle behind the cartridge and
terminates below in a trigger which is pressed forward (in a contrary direction
to the action of the ordinary trigger) for the purpose of cocking the arm.
The body of the hammer serves as the tumbler, and is provided in front with
nicks or "bents" into which the tail of the trigger takes. The rear of the
tumbler part of the hammer is acted upon directly by the main spring, which
is in contact with and throws it forward when released from the nose of the

page_text: trigger. The breech (which contains the needle for igniting the cartridge) is
hinged to the fore end of a lever or flap, the rear end of which, when closed, is
brought down upon the stock of the fire-arm, and is held in that position by a
spring catch; this lever is also connected by a link with the barrel, so that
on raising the lever the moveable breech will be drawn back and leave room
for the introduction of a cartridge. To load the arm it is only necessary to
release the spring catch at the rear end of the lever or flap and raise its rear
end, by which means its front end will be drawn back, and with it the move-
able breech. The cartridge may then be inserted in front of this breech, and
on bringing the lever or flap down into its place the breech will be closed and
the arm ready for firing.
The body of the cartridge is made of paper, into which a "thimble" or cup
made of cardboard containing the fulminate is inserted. An aperture properly
secured to prevent the admission of water to the interior of the cartridge is
made in the back of the cardboard, cup, or thimble, for the purpose of
allowing the striking pin or needle to reach the fulminate, as is well under-
stood in fire-arms constructed on the needle principle. No contrivance is
required for clearing out or extracting the exploded cartridge, as any portion
which may remain will be pushed out by the fresh cartridge.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE: TO SLIDE VALVES, PISTONS, AND GLANDS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION: left by Thomas Adams and George John
Parson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petitio n
on the 19th October 1865.
We, THOMAS ADAMS, Engineer, and GEORGE JOHN PARSON, Gentleman,
both of No. 5, Duke Street, Adelphi, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby.
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE:
TO SLIDE VALVES, PISTONS, AND GLANDS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates in the first place to the construction of slide valves
in such a manner that the pressure of steam or other fluid on the one side
may be diminished by the simultaneous pressure of fluid on the opposite side
thereof. And our Invention for this purpose consists in forming and con-
structing the valve so that the portions of the top surface thereof which are
exposed to the pressure of steam from the boiler may be equal in area to the
whole of the bottom surface thereof, and in inserting and fixing in the central
part of the valve between the two ends thereof a ring constructed with a
flange on its outer side over the top surface of the valve, the top side of the
flange forming a fillet to work against the door of the valve box or division
plate, and of equal area with the bottom side of the flange. This ring is also
constructed and fitted so as to admit of an equal area of steam space above-
and below its inner part. By the insertion of a ring constructed as described

page_text: the steam from the boiler will be caused to act simultaneously on the bottom
of the flange (thereby pressing the ring upwards against the door of the
valve box or the division plate therein) and on the fillet or top of the flange
of equal area (thereby pressing the ring downwards. The steam from the
boiler will be thus caused to act over an equal area between the door of the
valve box or the division plate and the fillet or top of the flange, and between
the bottom of the flange and the top of the valve, thereby balancing the pressure
on the outer part of the ring. The recess or steam space at the top of the
-inner part of the ring is equal in area to that at the bottom of the same,
and the ring is balanced by the pressure of the exhaust steam acting equally
therein.
And our Invention consists in the second place in adapting and applying
rings constructed as above stated to pistons and glands for metallic packing.
One or more grooves is or are formed in the periphery of the piston in
which the ring or rings is or are inserted so as to work against the inside
of the cylinder. Grooves are also formed in glands for the insertion of the
rings therein.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR BLOWING SMITH'S AND OTHER FIRES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Cookson and Philip Billing-
ton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 18th March 1865.
We, JAMES COOKSON and PHILIP BILLINGTON, both of Rusholme, near the
City of Manchester, Smith's and Machine Makers, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR BLOWING
SMITH'S AND OTHER FIRES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in driving the fans for blowing smith's and other
fires by means of a lever acting on a friction pulley with an escapement
motion, the said pulley being connected to the fan by a train of wheels and
pinions, or other equivalents. The friction pulley is keyed on the driving
shaft between two weighted levers which are loose on the shaft; these levers
are connected by the fulcrum stud of the driving lever, the boss of which
forms a cam to press on the friction pulley when the lever is moved in one
direction, and to escape from the pulley when moved in the other direction,
consequently the vibrations of the lever give a rotary motion at a great speed
to the fan. The smith's or other hearth is placed above the wrought-iron or
other framing supporting the fan and gearing, and the casing around the fan
is in communication with the fire by a pipe or tube.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF ATTACHING AND DETACHING THE SAILS OF NAVIGABLE VESSELS TO AND FROM THE STAYS, YARDS, AND OTHER FITTINGS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Murray and Charles Wells
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
28th October 1865.
We, JAMES MURRAY, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Master
Mariner, and CHARLES WELLS, of the same Place, Shipowner, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF
ATTACHING AND DETACHING THE SAILS OF NAVIGABLE VESSELS TO AND FROM THE
STAYS, YARDS, AND OTHER FITTINGS CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as follows (that
is to say):-
This Invention consists in certain improvements in attaching the sails of
navigable vessels to the stays, yards, and other fittings connected therewith
in such a manner as to enable the same to be readily removed, dispensing
with the use of eyelet holes and spun yarn or other cordage. An improved
clip, which is of metal, for attaching the staysails to the stays consists of a pair
of jaws jointed together at one end, each of which jaws is formed of semi-
circular form, so that when closed they form a circular collar or zone encom-
passing the stay. On the outer end of these semicircles is formed a bulb
or half-neck, which receives a transverse thumbscrew for binding the jaws
together, and on the outer ends of which bulbs are formed semicircular or
nearly semicircular grips which take hold of the bolt rope of the sail. These

page_text: jaws at the outer ends are sufficiently apart to allow the canvas of the sail to
lie between them.
In applying the Invention to, say, square sails a piece of metal is perforated
with a hole to to receive the rod on the yard, the outer end of which piece of
metal is formed with a hook to receive the bolt rope when it is closed by a
swivelling cover rivetted on the back of the clip.
In applying this Invention to fore and aft sails a pair of double hooks is
used which when laid together form a broken circle at each end, the two
pieces being bound together by a thumbscrew passing through the two pieces
of metal in the centre, a throat being formed to receive the screw, and a
fixed stud to prevent the two pieces of metal turning on each other. One
of the jaws encompasses a bulb iron attached to the back of the mast, and
the other the bolt rope on the leach of the sail, or in lieu of the last-described
arrangement a double hook may be used, to which is rivetted a swivelling
cover or side piece having its fulcrum between the two hooks for partially closing
the openings in the hooks much in the same way as the arrangement described
for the square sails.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING ORNAMENTAL FABRICS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Cockburn at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th July
1865.
I, WILLIAM COCKBURN, Weaver, in the Employment of Messieurs Robert
Cochran and Son, Manufacturers, of Paisley, in the County of Renfrew,
North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING ORNAMENTAL FABRICS," to be as follows, that is
to say:-
This Invention has for its objects increased simplicity and economy in
weaving ornamental fabrics of or similar to the "Paisley shawl" class, and it
is applicable either to single-faced or double-faced fabrics.
In weaving single-faced fabrics according to one modification, what is
known as a "four-thread" harness is employed; but in all the modifications
there is produced what is known as a twilling of the spotting lines, which has
not hitherto been effected except with a "split" or a "full" or "thread"
harness; only one half of the tie is required as compared with a "split"
harness. The pattern is put in colors in the usual way on the French,
hexagonal, or equivalent design paper, and the cards are cut for odd and even
bridles, as commonly practised. Four leaves of heddles or healds are used in
combination with the ordinary single-lift jacquard apparatus, for which latter,
however, other equivalent pattern mechanism may be substituted. Each of
the four warp threads passing through each harness mail is actuated by a
different heddle leaf, and one of the four leaves is depressed during the
working of each bridle of cards. When working the first "even" bridle the

page_text: first heddle leaf is depressed; with the first "odd" bridle the third leaf is
depressed; with the second "even" bridle the second leaf; with the second
"odd" bridle the fourth leaf; and so on, repeating the actions in this
order.
In a second modification there are three threads in each harness mail, and
there are three heddle leaves, one of which is depressed for every
bridle, whilst the other two are alternated for the "odd" bridles, or vice versa.
The fabric produced is the same in appearance as that made by the first
modification, but it has one-fourth less warps, and is inferior in texture and
firmness.
Double-faced fabrics are produced in the same way, but with separate
harness and warps for each face, and with either three or four threads in each
mail, and six or eight heddle leaves to correspond.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WATCHES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lawrence Barnett Phillips at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
April 1865.
I, LAWRENCE BARNETT PHILLIPS, of 35, Hunter Street, Brunswick Square,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATCHES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in watches, and is more
particularly applicable in making what are known as keyless watches, that is,
watches which wind up without separate keys; but the improvements are
not absolutely confined thereto. Heretofore keyless watches have been made
with what are called three-quarter plates, the present mode of using full
plates not being applicable when using keyless movements, as using full plates
would tend greatly to increase the thickness of a watch if keyless movements
were combined or used therewith, whilst by the present improvements not
only may a comparatively thin watch, be made when using full plates with
keyless movements, but greater strength may be obtained with the use of a.
less number of parts.
According to this Invention the top plate is made thicker than usual, so as
to admit of being recessed or have "sinks" made therein, so that the balance
may work in a "sink" or recess in the top plate, and by preference the
barrel also may work in another recess in the under surface of the top plate.
The pillar plate is made solid, with "sinks" or recesses for receiving the

page_text: wheels, keyless mechanism, and escapement. The "potance," which receives
the lower end of the arbor or staff of the balance is dispensed with, and in
place thereof such staff or arbor is received into the pillar plate, and a cock
on the upper surface of the top plate.
A NEW AND IMPROVED TABLE OR SUPPORT TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE DRESSING AND FINISHING OF CHEESES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Percival at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th June
1865.
I, WILLIAM PERCIVAL, of Aston-by-Budworth, in the County of Chester,
Farmer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW AND
IMPROVED TABLE OR SUPPORT TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE DRESSING AND FINISHING OF
CHEESES," to be as follows:-
My Invention. is designed for the purpose of expéditing the final process of
ironing," binding, and cleaning the outer surfaces of cheeses by causing
such processes to be performed with greater ease and facility than hitherto.
The improvements consist in the novel employment and use of a stationary
table or support supplied with a rotating or moveable circular top, upon which
the cheese to be operated upon is placed; this moveable top revolves upon
a central pin bedded firmly into the under or stationary table during the time
the above-mentioned processes are going on, and is prevented from reversing
its progress or revolution by means of a catch fixed to its under surface acting
upon a circular rack firmly secured on the upper surface of the under sup-
porting or stationary table. The chief feature of the Invention being the
construction of a table having a circular rotating or moveable top or support
for the cheese, in contradistinction to having such tables fixed or stationary as
heretofore.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF REMOVING AND PREVENTING THE INCRUSTA- TION OF STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Tyne, Stephen Tyne, and
Robert Clayton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 11th September 1865.
We, WILLIAM TYNE, STEPHEN TYNE, and ROBERT CLAYTON, all of Bradford,
in the County of York, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF REMOVING AND PREVENTING THE INCRUSTA-
TION OF STEAM BOILERS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in loosening the incrustation of steam boilers partly
by the expansion and contraction of the boiler, and partly by the action of
steam or condensed water.
In performing our Invention when a boiler is foul or requires cleaning the
water and any loose impurities are blown off in the ordinary manner; steam or
condensed water is then admitted and allowed to remain in the boiler six or
eight days according to the size of the boiler. When steam alone is admitted
it imparts the requisite heat to the boiler, and the condensed steam gradually
fills the boiler if the steam be admitted for a sufficient length of time; but
when condensed water is used it must be heated from the adjacent boiler or
otherwise. The boiler is then started as usual with the condensed water in
it, and the requisite supply of water is added as the evaporation takes place.
When the boiler again requires cleaning the water is blown off as before, and
the scale or incrustation which had been loosened by the previous operation
will then be found at the bottom of the boiler, and may be removed in the
ordinary manner.
A COVERING OR CAP FOR PROTECTING THE ENDS OF MAPS, DRAWINGS, ROLLS OF PAPER, AND OTHER MATERIALS THAT ARE CAPABLE OF BEING ROLLED UP
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Saint George Howels Davies Gwyn
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 9th December 1865.
I, SAINT GEORGE HOWELS DAVIES GWYN, of No. 15A, Parliament Street,
Westminster, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "A COVERING OR CAP FOR PROTECTING THE ENDS OF MAPS,
DRAWINGS, ROLLS OF PAPER, AND OTHER MATERIALS THAT ARE CAPABLE OF BEING
ROLLED UP," to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object both to protect from injury the ends of maps,
drawings, paper, and other materials when rolled up, to prevent dust from
being deposited inside them, and to provide a ready mode of indicating the
nature of the map or drawing so rolled up. For this purpose I construct
caps consisting of a hollow cylinder of paper, pasteboard, or other suitable
material, which is closed by a disc at one end, which cap fits on to each end of
the map, drawing, or other rolled-up material. The two caps belonging to
one map or drawing may, if requisite, be connected together by a band or string,
by preference of an elastic nature, so as to ensure their remaining on the
map or drawing if they should fit the same loosely. Upon one or more con-
venient places on these caps is written or printed any information that may be
requisite for indicating the nature of the map or drawing. Should the map
or drawing to be protected be hung upon the wall slits are formed in the cylin-
drical portion of the caps to allow them to pass that part of the map of
drawing which is not rolled-up.
A NOVEL AND IMPROVED MEANS OF ADVERTIZING
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Howels Davies and John
Williams Jones at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 5th January 1865.
We, GEORGE HOWELS DAVIES, of No. 4, Brick, Court, Temple, in the
City of London, and JOHN WILLIAMS JONES, of No. 14, St. James' Square,
in the County of Middlesex, Esquires, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "A NOVEL AND IMPROVED MEANS OF ADVERTIZING," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to a new means of advertizing or obtaining publicity.
For this purpose we print by type, or lithography, or otherwise publish
advertizements upon the back of tickets, receipts, or acknowledgments issued
and used and given by railway, steamboat, or other carrying companies,
and also upon the back of bills and accounts issued at dining rooms, hotels,
and taverns, and also upon the back of papers issued or used by telegraphic
companies for the purpose of conveying messages, which method will be
found to be generally useful as an advertizing medium.
IMPROVED CARRIAGE STEP ARRANGEMENTS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Arnold Dobson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st January
1865.
I, HENRY ARNOLD DOBSON, of Marylebone, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED CARRIAGE
STEP ARRANGEMENTS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in certain mechanical arrangements whereby in the
act of opening the door of the carriage the step is drawn forward in position
ready for use, and when the door is shut it is pushed back under the body of
the carriage, so as to be out of the way. To the under side of the door is
attached, by a moveable joint, a lever connected to a slide working in a
grooved slot underneath the body of the carriage. At any convenient point,
either in the afore-mentioned lever or slide, a connecting lever is attached by
a moveable joint acting upon the rod, which carries the step in such a manner
that when the door is opened the step is thrust forward, and vice versa. The
rod or bar which carries the step is supported by two short moveable con-
necting pieces attached to the body of the carriage by moveable joints so as
to fold close up under the body of the carriage, the one at the hinder end
having a double joint, so that any pressure on the step will prevent it from
sliding back of its own accord, and so closing the door upon any person in the
act of getting in or out of the carriage.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TABLE SALT
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Horace Jee at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th August 1865.
I, HORACE JEE, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Merchant, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF TABLE SALT," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to produce coloured salt for table use.
This I effect by adding a pigment of the desired colour during the "boiling
down" of the brine, or subsequently during roasting, grinding, or preparation
of the salt for sale. I prefer, however, to add a delicately tinted colouring
matter, say some of the lighter aniline dyes, to the brine just at the time it is
being evaporated.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN GAS BURNERS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Giacomo Bagnagatti at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th August
1865.
I, GIACOMO BAGNAGATTI, of Leicester Square, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN
GAS BURNERS," to be as follows (that is to say)
My Invention has reference to an improvement in gas burners, with the
view of increasing the illuminating power of the gas, and ensuring greater
economy in the consumption thereof than hitherto, and consists in the employ-
ment in connection with the upper portion of the said burners of a turn or
loop of galvanized platinum wire, which will compress the current of gas and
diverge or spread the flame, and at the same time effect a combination of the
hydrogen with the oxygen, and develop caloric to such a degree that the
platinum becoming in an incandescent state will increase the combustion of
the hydrogen.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY APPLICABLE TO THE CUTTING. OFF THE UPPER PARTS OF PILES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Furness and James Slater
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
22nd May 1865:
We, GEORGE FURNESS, of Great George Street, Westminster, Contractor,
and JAMES SLATER, of Catherine Terrace, Lansdown Road, Lambeth, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY APPLICABLE TO THE CUTTING. OFF THE UPPER PARTS OF PILES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery applicable to
the cutting off the upper parts of piles. For these purposes a carriage is
constructed to move on railway or other wheels or to slide or move on rails
or guides fixed on staging or on a barge or other floating vessel. On this
carriage a steam engine is fixed in order to give motion by suitable gearing
to a circular saw or saws used for cutting off the upper parts of piles. The
shaft or shafts of the circular saw or saws employed are mounted on a pendant
girder or framing which is carried by this carriage and is fixed to and hangs.
from a traversing frame or slide on the carriage. The girder or frame is
capable of being raised or lowered in respect to the slide on the carriage in
order that the saws may work at the desired depth, and such saws may be
caused to work above or below the water in a coffer dam or other work.
From the above description it will be understood that the circular saw or

page_text: saws is or are capable of being raised and lowered, also of being moved with
the carriage, and also of being moved transversely to the direction of the
movement of the carriage by means of the traversing slide.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF OIL CAKE AND FOOD FOR ANIMALS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Julius Vertue at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st February 1865.
I, GEORGE JULIUS VERTUE, of Weymouth, in the County of Dorset, do
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF OIL CAKE AND FOOD FOR ANIMALS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of oil
cake and food for animals. Oil cakes have been manufactured by pressing
linseed into cakes when extracting oil therefrom, and cotton seed has also
been pressed into cakes when extracting oil therefrom, and such cakes have
been used as food for animals. Now my Invention consists in manufacturing
cakes and food for animals compounded of these two materials, with or
without other vegetable matters suitable for the food of animals. For these
purposes the linseed and the cotton seed are separately pressed to obtain their
respective oils. The cakes thus produced are then broken down and mixed
in any desired proportions, either with or without other vegetable substances
suitable for food for animals, and such compounds are then submitted to
pressure in order to form them into oil cakes and food for animals.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF MAKING METAL PIPES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Anderson at the Office of
tho Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th February
1865.
I, WILLIAM ANDERSON, of Dublin, in tho Kingdom of Ireland, Engineer,
do hereby declaro the nature of tho said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE
OF MAKING METAL PIPES," to be as follows:-
Hitherto it has been the practice in making pipes of wrought iron to fit
them with flanges of wrought angle iron, and to rivet them on to the body or
cylindrical part of the pipe for the purpose of the more readily fixing or jointing
a number of pipes together; or in lieu of wrought-iron flanges cast flanges
have been made and secured by rivetting to the wrought-iron pipes. This
is, however, a costly process, inasmuch as good sound work is requisite to
ensure a water-tight junction. In order to simplify the operation of applying
flanges to wrought-iron pipes, I propose to prepare a sand or other mould in
which to cast a flange, and to set the wrought-iron pipe up on its end in the
mould; I then pour molten metal into the mould, which metal as it cools will
shrink upon the pipe and hold firmly thereto. In order the better to ensure
this union, I propose to tin or otherwise to coat the end of the pipe at the
part which is to come in contact with the molten metal, so as to avoid
presenting an oxidized metal surface to the molten metal.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE COVERINGS OF TELEGRAPHIC CONDUCTORS AND CABLES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jobn Fuller at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th January
1865.
I, JOHN FULLER, of Silvertown, in the County of Essex, Telegraphic Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
COVERINGS OF TELEGRAPHIC CONDUCTORS AND CABLES," to be as follows:-
It has been found in practice that aerial telegraphic cables are much
injured by gunshot and blows from various missiles. To obviate this I cover
the cable with metal, either by winding wire spirally round the cables, or
Japping the cables round with a metal tape or band, or by other suitable
means.
It has also been found that where telegraphic conductors are covered with
hard vulcanized rubber or ebonite it is very difficult to join separate lengths.
To obviate this difficulty, over the hard vulcanized covering 1 place a covering
of ordinary rubber or gutta percha, which can be acted on by solvents or
heat; the ends of the different lengths can thus be easily and perfectly
joined.
AN IMPROVED MATTRESS AND PALLIASSE FOR THE USE OF THE NURSERY, INVALIDS, OR HOSPITALS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Stephen Dummere at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th July
1865.
I, STEPHEN DUMMERE, of John Street, Hampstead, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED MATTRESS AND PALLIASSE FOR THE USE OF THE NURSERY, INVALIDS, OR
HOSPITALS," to be as follows:-
This Invention is designed to prevent (in the case of young children and
invalids) the inconvenience and injury to health arising from wetting the
couch. It consists of a recess made of japanned tin or other suitable material
let into a portion of the palliasse below as a receptacle, and immediately
above such receptacle a corresponding portion of the mattress is covered with
a waterproof material, upon the surface of which are a suitable number of
perforations to convey the liquid at once through the mattress, which is thus
always kept perfectly dry. By the use of metal or other eyelet holes for the
purpose which indent the surface of the said mattress in the manner of tufts
in stuffing sofas or chairs, any liquid must immediately fall through the
eyelet holes into the pan beneath, and can be removed at pleasure.
By the suitable change of linen at intervals the comfort and health of the
child or invalid will be greatly promoted.
RENDERING WOOD FOR BUILDING AND OTHER PURPOSES. NON-COMBUSTIBLE OR NON-INFLAMMABLE
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Bull at the Office of the-
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,, on the 11th October.
1865.
I, WILLIAM BULL,, of Chancery. Lane, London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "RENDERING WOOD FOR BUILDING AND OTHER
PURPOSES. NON-COMBUSTIBLE OR NON-INFLAMMABLE," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in subjecting wood intended for buildings and
land or marine structures, or their parts and fittings, articles of furniture,
and the like, to the action of phosphoric acid and its compounds or
tungstic acid and its compounds..
IMPROVEMENTS IN SMOKE-CONSUMING FURNACES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th.
April 1865. A communication from abroad by Etienne Sauret and
Eugene de Fleury, of Relanges, France..
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention.
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SMOKE-CONSUMING FURNACES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to construct furnaces in which the smoke is
burnt at the moment of or immediately after its formation. The Invention
mainly consists in the employment of supplementary fire-places of special
construction, in which the combustion is effected, by air forced in by a fan
or otherwise, and in the formation of lateral air chambers or arches, by which.
the air is introduced to facilitate combustion, and to inflame the gases at
the upper part of the supplementary fire-places.
I proceed to explain by way of example the manner in which I apply the
Invention to a furnace for heating a boiler with two boiling vessels. On each
side of the ordinary fire-bars I form in the masonry an air chamber or longi-
tudinal arch of fire-brick or refractory material, below each air chamber I
construct another chamber, which is supplied with fuel, and constitutes a
supplementary fire-place. From the lower part of each supplementary fire-
place a pipe leads to another pipe common to both fire-places, and through
which a current of air is propelled by a fan or otherwise. The ordinary fire-
place communicates with the supplementary fire-places by a series of trans-

page_text: verse passages, through which the flame from the supplementary fire-places
passes to lick the boiler. A pipe supplies air to the air chambers, and passages
lead this air from the air chambers into the upper part of the supplementary
fire-places. The pipes which lead from the lower part of the fire-places can
be removed when required to clear out cinders or otherwise. Each of the
supplementary fire-places is formed of two different depths, the portion at
the front being deeper than that at back, and the amount of fuel employed
depends upon the position of the bridge between the two portions. The
working is as follows:-Fuel is supplied to the supplementary fire-places
through doors in the front of the furnace, the shallower portion behind the
bridge may receive a certain quantity of fuel, so that the coal thereon in
contact with the fire of the other portion may be distilled, the gases are
inflamed for the whole length of these fire-places, and the flame impelled by
the fan passes through the transverse passages to heat the boiler, thus the air
forced in through the pipe is diffused under the fuel to effect the combustion
by forming oxide of carbon, which gives first CO³, then CO²; but at the same
time the combustion of the gases at the upper part of the supplementary fire-
places is effected by their combination with the air from the air chambers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF THE STRAW OF RYE AND OTHER STRAWS AND GRASSES INTO FIBRE, AND UTILISING THE REFUSE
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Henry Cradock Monckton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd August 1865.
I, EDWARD HENRY CRADOCK MONCKTON, of the City of Dublin, Esquire,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF THE STRAW OF RYE AND OTHER STRAWS AND GRASSES INTO
FIBRE, AND UTILISING THE REFUSE," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates, firstly, to the treatment of plants containing silica,
in order to obtain fibres and other products therefrom. I take the thrashed
stalks or straw of wheat, barley, oats, and rye, which last I prefer, and also
grasses, from which I first, when necessary, cut off the heads or ears; I then
subject the straw to pressure between rollers, and then place the straw in a
solution of caustic alkali, either applying heat with pressure, or steam under
pressure, or otherwise, or else I employ the alkaline solution cold; I renew
the alkaline liquors as they become entirely or partially saturated, and I
accelerate the removal of the silica by subjecting the straw to agitation and
compression by employing press boards raised and lowered alternately and
successively by cranks kept revolving, or by any other suitable means. The
straw during these processes is intermediately subjected to rolling in order to
separate the fibres and to detach the silica or the siliceous portions. The
fibre so prepared may then be subjected to the usual and common processes
applicable to hemp, flax, tow, and other fibres, and is fit for fine or coarse
purposes according to the care with which it has been prepared, and it is also

page_text: suitable for mixing with and forming combined fabrics with other fibres and
wools. I utilize the refuse, such as the heads, by removing the silica or
siliceous portions, as above described, as applied to straw, and then pulping the
fibre or residue and employing the same for any purpose for which such pulp
is applicable, such as papier maché, by combining the pulp with cleansed
and pulped leaves, pulped hemp refuse, pulped wood fibres, and similar
materials. I mix these pulps with lac and gums by the hot process, or with
solutions of the same, and at once make useful articles by moulding and pre-
paring them into suitable shapes and moulds, and the ultimate refuse, such as
the saturated or partially saturated liquors containing alkaline silicates I use
for artificial manures, the soluble silicates restoring to the ground such
matter as the plants have extracted from it.
In- PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CASTORS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert MacLeod Claypole at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 20th December 1865.
I, ROBERT MACLEOD CLAYPOLE, of Westminster, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "In-
PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CASTORS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the construction of
castors for furniture, by the use of which a table, sofa, chair or other
article may be easily moved in any direction, the friction of the castor
being reduced to much greater extent than is the case with castors of the
ordinary construction.
I propose to apply to the top of the vertical stem or fork of the castor
containing the roller a circular plate or table, in which I cut four recesses
or slots; these recesses serve to receive four small wheels or rollers set
on axes or shafts passing through the recesses; the peripheries of these
small wheels are above the level of the table surface, so as to press upwards
against the lower surface of a flanged disc fixed within the conical hollow
foot of the castor by means of screws.