Year: 1867

page_text: &c.
Pt
structed according to an improved arrangement of this Invention. The
The principal part in this, as in all other looms, is the batten, which is
batten is provided with two shuttles operated by an endless chain moving
them simultaneously in two different horizontal planes
so as to weave twe
fabrics at a time. By the application of an endless chain for working the
shuttles I am enabled to greatly reduce the length of the batten, such length
being a necessity when guide racks are employed. Two warp beams are
the two warp foundations, which threads pass through the separating and
disposed at the back of the loom furnishing two supplies of threads for forming
batten reeds at different heights corresponding to those of the shuttles.
артет
For the manufacture of Utrecht or silk velvet I apply four additional bobbin
frames of this Invention, to be herein-after described, for furnishing further
series of threads which are operated by two series of heddles governed by the
jacquard apparatus, and woven alternately with the foundation of the
and lower warps. In this manner two fabrics are produced joined together 15
by threads coming from the beams or rollers. The two fabrics thus woren
are drawn off by the beams, and a knife having a continuous to-and-fro more.
ment separates the two fabrics by cutting the threads which join them midway.
so forming the pile of the velvet. The endless chain operating the shuttle
receives an alternate to-and-fro motion by gearing suitably disposed at ore
end of the batten governed by the shuttle driving gear mounted laterally on
one of the arms of the batten. These shuttle drivers receive motion from
the driving shaft by means of a series of spur wheels and levers to be herein-
after described.
This Invention is illustrated in the accompanying Drawings, Figure 1d5
which represents a front view of the improved batten; this batten oscillates
on pivots A, A, mounted in bearings at the upper part of the loom; it is cor-
posed of two bars B, Figure 2, united by pillars C, C, and forming the batten
carrier. To these cross bars two arms A¹, A¹, are bolted, united at their
upper parts by the cross piece A2 carrying the pivots A, A. This batten.
properly so called, which is keyed to the batten carrier is composed of twe
bars D, D, grooved throughout their length at D', D¹, the use of which will
be herein-after explained; these two bars are connected together by im
plates D2, D3, as represented in side view at Figure 2. The batten is fixed
to the upper part of the batten carrier by angle pieces d, d, and screws d
It is supported at the lower part by brackets D³, placed at suitable distanes
apart upon an iron plate A projecting in front of the batten carrier and
forming part of the same. Screws d serve to regulate the relative positions
of the batten and of the batten carrier. The batten being mounted

page_text: described it w
ve understood that it can be removed with facility by simply
loosening the screws d', Figure 2.
The shuttles E are fixed laterally to a rack F, seen separately in plan
Figure 3, and in elevation Figure 4; for this purpose the socket e of the
5 shuttles is provided with two grooves el, el, Figure 5, in which work studs f, f,
fixed to the racks F. These shuttles are held in position by springs f¹, f¹,
,
which are
compressed when said shuttles are released; the shuttles are also
J¹, J¹, as seen at Figure 7.
"
provided with bobbins e, carrying the thread for forming the weft. On
leaving the healds the threads intended to form the foundation of the warp
pass through a dividing reed G oscillating with the batten; for which purpose
the reed (shown separately in cross section at Figure 6) is suspended by
spiral springs g attached to two fixed points on the loom, and moves with the
batten by the intervention of hooks g¹ fixed at the back of the latter. The
warp threads then pass to a reed H which is finer than reed G. This reed is
fitted, as seen in Figure 6, between the bars D, D, of the batten carrier, and
held in position by plates h¹, h¹, fixed thereon. At each end of the batten
and on each side of the reed H are disposed flat parallel metal bars I, I',
placed one above the other. The bars I, I, are held in position by plates
J, J, fixed on the side of the bars D, and the bars I¹, I', are held by plates
All these bars are so arranged as to leave
sufficient space between them for the shuttle carrying racks F to enter the
races K, K1, K2, K3, at each end of the batten; brackets k, k, formed on the
plates D2, Figure 2, are provided with screws k¹, k¹, for regulating the distance
between the bars I, I¹, and so ensuring the proper width of the shuttle races
K, K1, K2, K3. An endless chain L, Figure 1, runs in the grooves D¹ of
the batten, being carried at each end by four toothed wheels 1, 1, 1, 1; this
chain receives to-and-fro motion from four toothed wheels 1, 1, mounted on
the bars I, I; these toothed wheels turn alternately in opposite directions for
traversing the shuttle racks F from the grooves K, K¹, to the grooves K, K³
and vice versa, so as to form two wefts at each motion of the batten. The
racks F are made rather longer than the distance between the groove
K, K³, and K¹, K3, so that they may enter the one before entirely quittin
the other. The shuttle driving gear consists of two flat plates M, M', risin
and falling in a vertical frame R fixed laterally on one arm of the batter
the plates or bars are connected at the upper part by a strap M2 passing ov
a pulley M³, and at their lower part are fixed straps m, m', attached to t
periphery of a drum O keyed on the end of a shaft o carried in bearin
o', o¹, on a plate o², fixed at one end of the batten. The bars M are furt
provided with jointed catches P, P', oscillating at points p, p', suflici
A 2

page_text: space being left between said bars to permit or a sliding part Q rising and
falling by the aid of a stem q, actuated by a lever receiving motion from
the driving shaft, as will be herein-after described.
At the lower part of
P
3
frame R are two levers R1, R2, oscillating at points r, r, and connected
together by two plates 7º, P², springs are applied to act on the catcher pe
for the purpose of retaining them within the plates M, M', to afford free
of frame R the levers R1, R2, being constantly acted on by the spiral
passage for the slide Q, but when the plates M, M', reach the lower part
springs permit of the projection of the catches P₁ therefrom. When
the slide Q falls it is arrested by the part P¹, and again rises with the 1
bar M¹, the bar M falling at same time, the drum being thus caused to
On the downward motion of the bar M being
turn in the one direction.
completed the catch P springs out and is hooked by the slide Q which
rises, carrying with it the bar M, the bar M¹ descending at same time; in this
manner the drum O is caused to turn in the opposite direction. These 15
several rotary movements alternately in either direction are transmitted to
the guide chain of the shuttles by the aid of the following arrangement of
toothed gearing:-The shuttle and machine driving gear is represented in
front view at Figure 1, and in side view at Figure 8. On the drum 0 is
keyed a toothed wheel S communicating an alternating rotary motion to a
shaft S¹ turning in bearings s, s, on the plate o¹, o², by the aid of pinions S
on said shaft S¹ is also keyed a toothed wheel S³ received in a space made in
the top bar D of the batten, and gearing with the chain L as seen in Figures
1 and 8. Friction rollers s², s2, are placed at suitable distances apart,
serving as guides for the endless chain L and to keep it in the grooves D
of the batten. A rod S with spiral spring S5 is fixed at the point of junction
f the plates 2,, which on being connected to the fixed point S³ of the
rm of the batten produces the separation of the lever arms R1, R2, and these
o longer acting on the catches P, P1, the shuttle driving gear will be thrown
ut of action; the batten in this case may act without moving the shuttles.
Figure 9 represents a vertical elevation and Figure 10 a plan of part
e side of the framing of the loom, showing the driving shaft for transmitting
ption to the various parts, and also an arrangement of disconnecting gear of
s Invention.
고
of
T, driving shaft mounted at one side of the loom in bearings T, T, and S
ving a fly wheel T3, loose pulley T, and bevil pinion T5; T, clutch for
necting the loose pulley T with the shaft T; U, shaft mounted in
rings u extending across the loom; it receives rotary motion from shaft T
the aid of bevil wheel U₁. On shaft U are keyed two oval toothed

page_text: only being shown in the Drawing, which transmit
rotary motion to two other oval toothed wheels u² provided with a stud u
received in the slot of a link V fixed to the batten; in this manner on rotary
motion being imparted to the wheels u² the batten is moved backwards and
5 forwards and vice versa, so operating its swinging motion.
The above arrangement is thrown in or out of gear by means of a rod V¹,
Figures 9 and 10, mounted in front of the loom and connected to the upper
arm V2 of a vertical shaft V3 oscillating on a fixed axis in cross bars at the
side of the loom. The lower arm V³ of said shaft V3 is mounted in a similar
position to V², and is further provided with a vertical finger Vs, the object of
which will be herein-after explained. A bar V7 sliding horizontally between
friction rollers V8, into which takes the end of V° of a bent arm X at point u
seen separately at Figures 12 and 13; this arm X oscillates at point X¹, and
is constantly kept down by a spring X². A small friction roller X³ is mounted
at the end of the part X, which is acted on by the finger V6 for the purpose
of disconnecting the two parts V and X. Two small drums X', X',
mounted loosely on vertical axes are fitted at the end of bar V7, between
which is received the arm Vs for imparting motion to the said bar. A
spiral spring X is attached at the one end X to the bar, the other
end being fixed at X", the object of which is to return the bar to position.
Xs is a projection on the bar provided with a stud X
in a slot made in the end of a horizontal lever oscillating at point Y.
This lever is forked at its other end, and embraces the clutch of pulley T* on
the driving shaft, so that by acting on the lever through the rod V¹ the gear
may be thrown in or out of action. This is effected in the following manner:
-By bearing on the rod V¹ the vertical shaft V3 is caused to turn, bringing
the finger V6 in contact with the friction roller X3 and raising it, the end V
of X will be thus released from the catch v of V, and the arm X at the
same time released by the aid of spring X, so throwing the parts out of gear.
In order that this may instantaneously be effected the bar V7 is provided at
its end with a round bar V* covered with india-rubber, which is inserted
between the arms of the fly wheel.
working easily
T
By the aid of an arrangement of parts of this Invention every time th
shuttle breaks a thread the loom stops working, which is also the cas
should a shuttle fail to complete its whole amount of traverse from an
Figure 15 shows a perspective view of this arrangement.
apparatus consists of an arm Z, seen also in side view at Figure 1
having two arms Z', Z2, said arm Z is fitted to oscillate in a head piece 2
and is held in position by a spring Z'. The part Z³ is jointed to the e
cause.

page_text: of a lever Z", seen separately in plan and face views at
Figures 42 and 43.
oscillating at 3, and provided with a counterbalance weight 77. The
lever Z is also furnished with a friction roller z¹ bearing
on the end of
another lever Z oscillating at 22, an elbowed piece Z jointed at 2 to a
part fixed on the batten bearing on the other end of the lever 7,
face view at Figures 40 and 41. The cranked arm Z is provided with a
represented in Figure 7; this lever Z8 is separately represented in plan and
vertical part placed at a suitable distance in front of the shuttle races
K, K1, K2, K3, in which the shuttle carrying racks work. Near the rollers
placed in front of the batten for receiving the manufactured material there is 1
a guide 1 resting on a cross bar, and having an inclined groove and four
friction rollers 2, 2, 2, 2, as shown separately in Figures 16, 17, and 18. A
flat bar 3, Figures 19 and 20, is fitted to slide in an inclined position in the
groove of the guide 1; this bar is provided at one end with a friction roller 4,
in the groove of which a spring 5, Figure 11, is received so as to return the
bar 3 to position. At the other end of said bar is fixed a
supporting
1
arm 5*, separately shown at Figures 21 and 22, in which is mounted an
oscillating part 6 composed of three arms a, a², a², the one a oscillating in
a fork 7 formed on the end of part 3 between the two arms Z, Z, as
seen in Figure 15, the arm a¹ is pointed at the end and passes through a
plate 8 fixed laterally to the arm of link V for working the batten; the arm a²
is applied under the plate A³ of the batten, and forms a weight tending to
oscillate the arms in a forward direction indicated by the arrow in Figure 21.
During the backward motion of the batten the spring 5, Figure 11, presses
the bar 3 against plate 8, while in its forward movement the plate 8 presses
back the bar 3, which being guided in part 1 carries with it the oscillating
arms. The plate 8 is connected to the bar 3 by a link 9, so that if during
the backward movement of the batten the spring 5 should retain the
bar 3, the latter would be immediately carried with it.
mechanism constitutes what I term the break weft gear, one being applied
on each side of the batten. Their action is as follows:-The shuttles E
are provided with a rod 10, forming an arc of a circle, Figure 1.
fixed to the rack F, the threads forming the weft passing between the arm
7, a, Z2, as seen in Figure 15, so that the tension of the threads shall act on
The ahore
the oscillating parts b inversely to the counterbalances a², and hold the latter
in suspension in such manner that the point a¹ of the same shall nearly touch
the under surface of the plate A3 of the batten. Supposing the shuttles to be
bout midway of their course the balance weight Z produces the oscillation
f levers Z and raises parts Z³ and arms Z1, Z¹, which in rising a
are brought

page_text: movement the parts Z³ will be caused to assume a vertical position by the
to permit of the passage of the shuttles. By this
aid of fixed plates 11, against which they abut. These parts in rising liberate
the thread held between arms Z', Z2, on which the arm 6 is free to oscillate
5 in the direction of the arrow, Figure 21. On the shuttles reaching the end
of their traverse the rod 10 coming in contact with the vertical arm * oscillates
the elbowed part Zo, the end of which bears on the end of lever Z³, causing
the other end of this lever to raise the roller z¹; during this movement the
lever Z¹ oscillates inversely to the action of the balance weight, and so causes
the arms Z, Z2, to descend and reassume their oblique position, while the
thread resting on the friction rollers 12 returns to the position seen in
Figure 15, and the arms oscillating in consequence the end a will again
approach the plate A³. If one of the shuttle threads were to break it will be
readily understood that the part 6 would oscillate in the reverse direction and
the end a would recede from plate A³. This displacement of the part a¹
when a thread breaks produces the instantaneous and self-acting disconnection
of the driving shaft T of the loom, as I will now proceed to describe.
Figure 23 shows a back view of the batten with the mechanism. 13, 14,
supports fixed on the inside of the lower bar B of the batten, and provided with
bearings in which is mounted a shaft 15; 16, plate seen separately in side view
of Figure 24, against which abuts the end a¹ before mentioned at the right
hand of the loom when the batten is moved forward and the thread occupies the
position seen in Figure 15, that is to say, when unbroken; this plate oscillates
at such time, and with it a part 16 fixed on the other end of the shaft 15, as
seen separately in front and side view at Figures 27 and 28. The part 16
engages in a catch 17 oscillating above a catch lever 18 provided with a friction
roller 19, see Figures 9 and 25. 20, plate seen in side view at Figure 26,
abutting during the forward movement of the batten against the end a' of the
oscillator 6 on the left-hand side of the loom when the thread is unbroken
this plate 20 forms a part of a catch 21 oscillating above a catch lever 22
provided with a friction roller 23; each of these catches 18 and 22 have hook
24, 25, mounted laterally thereon. 26, bent lever completing the disconnectin
gear, separately seen in Figure 29; it is fitted to oscillate on a stud 27 beside th
part X, as seen in Figure 9; one end of this bent lever 26 bears on the unde
side of a friction roller 28, mounted laterally on the part X. The whole bein
arranged as described, the following is the mode in which this thread apparat
acts:-Supposing the weft threads carried by the shuttles are not broken
before mentioned the parts a¹ of the oscillators 6 will be close to the plate
of the batten, so that during the forward movement of the latter the plates

page_text: 8.1)
and 20 will abut against the ends a', producing the rotation of the shaft 15,
while the catches 17, 21, will be raised at the same time; the batten con-
tinuing its forward movement the friction rollers 19, 23, meet with
obstacle in the parts X and 26, the result of which is that the catches 18
and 20 will oscillate without influencing said parts and so effect the discon-
nection of the bar V7. Supposing further that one of the shuttle threads
breaks, the oscillator 6 on the right or left hand will be liberated and free to
oscillate, and its pointed end a¹ will recede from the plate A3 of the batten.
If it be a thread corresponding with the left-hand oscillator that breaks in the
forward movement of the loom the plate 20 will not abut against the part a
which passes underneath it, while the catch 21 not being raised on the
roller 23 meeting the part X by the action of the catch lever offering a resist
ance thereto, said roller will produce the oscillation of the part X and effect
the disconnection of the parts by liberating the bar V7, as before explained.
When the batten returns backwards the hook 25 comes against a fixed 15
10
20
part 29, Figure 9, fitted to oscillate in a forward direction only, so raising the
catch 21 to permit of the oscillation of catch lever 22 on the roller 23 again
abutting against part X. If it be a thread corresponding with the oscillator
on the right-hand side of the loom which breaks the same effect is produced.
The plate 16 (Figures 11, 23, and 24), does not oscillate, as it is not acted
on by the part a', and the lever 19 not being raised will remain in the
catch 30, in which position the catch lever 18 is prevented from oscillating;
thus when the friction roller 19 comes against the part 26 it causes it to
oscillate its end provided with the friction roller 28 raising part X, which in
its turn liberates the bar V7 in order to throw the loom out of action during
the backward movement of the batten; the hook 24 coming against the fixed
point 29, being only free to oscillate in a forward direction, disengages the
catch 17 and permits the free oscillation of the catch lever 18 on the friction
roller 19 abutting on the return movement of the batten against the part 26.
Having thus described the mode in which the loom is stopped instantly
when a shuttle thread breaks, I will proceed to explain the arrangement of
arts for effecting a similar object, supposing one of the shuttles from any
ause should fail to complete its traverse, the action being similar to that
bove described. It consists of an upright stem 32 fixed to a shaft 35,
igure 1, turning in bearings in front of the bars I, I¹; this shaft is provided
one end with a plate 34 in contact with a roller 35 mounted on the top
catch 36 fitted to oscillate in front of the plate A³, as seen in Figure 9;
id catch is also provided with a hook 37.. Below this catch oscillates a
ch lever 38, similar to those previously described. The parts being thus
$
of

page_text: In this manner when the batten
shuttles to have exactly completed their traverse, the
guard 10 coming in contact with the stem 32 turns the shaft 33 and so causes
the plate 34 resting on the roller 35 to raise the catch 36 and disengage it
from the hollow 39 of catch lever 38.
5 advances the catch lever 38 bears in frictional contact on a roller 40 mounted
on the part X, and having no longer any resistance to overcome it is free to
oscillate. Supposing one of the shuttles should not complete its traverse, the
catch 36 being in the hollow 39 of the catch lever 38, the latter in the forward
movement of the batten will bear on the roller 40 and produce the oscillation
10 of the part X, which by liberating the bar will throw the parts out of gear, as
before described. During the backward movement of the shuttle the hook 3
meets with a fixed stop 41 oscillating in a forward direction only for the
purpose of releasing the catch. The above mechanism may be fitted on each
side of the batten, but one only is sufficient for the two shuttles, as their
15 movements are correlative, being united by an endless chain.
commencement of this Specification I have observed that for the manufacture
At the
of Utrecht and silk velvets, besides the two warp beams supplying the threads
for the two warp foundations, I employ four other thread supplies of this
Invention. This arrangement possesses an advantage over those now in use,
inasmuch as it occupies less room and holds more thread.
Figures 30 and 31 represent front and side views of a bobbin detached from
a frame on the old system, it will be seen that there two grooves in this
bobbin, the groove 42 having the greater width, on which is suspended the
spherical weight 43, the other and narrower groove 44 containing the thread.
According to these improvements the weight is not required to run in a
groove, consequently this space may be narrowed while the part containing
the thread may be widened.
Figure 32 shows a front view of the bobbin frame; Figure 33 an end view
of the same; Figure 34 shows a separate side view of the same; Figure 36 is
a section of the bobbin; Figures 37 and 38 detached parts of the same;
Figure 39 shows a separate view of the spindle on which the bobbin is
mounted. The bobbin frame consists of a series of bars 45 disposed paralle
to each other with sufficient space between for the bobbins; the bars are
connected at top and bottom by tie rods 46, and are provided with holes in
which are received the axes of the bobbins. 47, bobbin axis, on which i
ormed or otherwise fitted a small pulley 48; 49, collar, through the rop
roun
art of which the spindle 47 passes, and having a squared part for receivin
e bobbin 50 containing the thread, or the collar and bobbin may be mounte
as to turn on the spindle; 51, spiral spring, one end being fixed to th

page_text: spindle 47 and the other to the collar 49; 52, rods passing across the bars 45
are weights 54 similar to 43 before mentioned; these levers are mounted on
the rods 52 so as to rest in the grooves of pulleys 48, as seen in Figure 35.
The parts being arranged as described the thread unwinds in the direction of 5
the arrows in Figures 34 and 39; during this movement the weight of the
lever 53 acts on the spindle 47 so as to prevent its turning, the bobbin alone
rotating with the collar 49, which continues to wind the spiral spring round
the spindle, and it is only when the tension of the spring 51 exceeds the
pressure exerted on the axis by the lever and balance weight that the axis will 16
the weaving operation the spring 51 uncoils in a contrary direction to the
turn with the bobbin. If from any cause the thread should slacken during
Besides the advantage of having
thread and thus keeps it in tension.
threads with independent tension these bobbin frames further contain a very
large quantity of thread in a comparatively small space.
I have before
15
Figure 44 of the Drawings shows a front elevation of the loom, and
Figure 45 a view of the right-hand end of the same.
mentioned that the driving shaft T transmits rotary motion to the principal
shaft U, which by means of the elliptical toothed wheels u¹, u², imparts the
swinging motion to the batten; Figure 46 shows these elliptical wheels g
detached, being made of such form as to increase the motion at the desired
times in order to give time for the shuttles to pass when the batten is at the
dead point. I have also stated that when the loom is employed for the
manufacture of Utrecht velvet or other materials in duplicate the two fabrics
woven together are united by the threads from the rollers or frames herein- 5
before described and governed by the healds, the two fabrics thus woven being
rawn off by the rollers 54, 55, see Figures 44 and 45, at a regulated speed.
A knife is also provided having a continuous to-and-fro motion for dividing the
wo fabrics and severing the uniting threads which form the pile of the velvet.
Figure 47 shows a back view of the arrangement of the knife, Figure 48 3
plan, and Figure 49 an end view of the same; Figure 50 shows a separate
an of the knife; Figure 51 an elevation of the two plates between which it
orks, and Figure 52 a plan of these plates; Figures 53 and 54 further
ow transverse sections of two arrangements of plates forming guides for the
ch end a bearing 57 for the guide rollers 58 of the fabrics, and between
ife. On the framing of the loom is fixed a horizontal plate 56, having at 3
ich works the knife 59, which is further embraced by two guides 60, 60,
gures 51, 52, and 53 fixed to the bars 57 for the sake of strength. Each
che guides 60 are provided with points 61 placed at equal distances apart,
30

page_text: with, if desired, or they may be arranged in the manner shown in Figure 53,
dividing the threads; these points may be dispensed
where each plate 60 is furnished with teeth or points placed opposite each
other, or as in Figure 54, where the teeth are of a U-form, embracing the
5 knife and uniting the two plates 60.
The knife carrier consists of two
plates 62, between which the knife is gripped by the aid of screws 63,
Figure 50, the said knife carrier sliding in the opening 63¹ of parts 57. In
order to diminish the friction, and prevent the knife from jumping, it bears in
frictional contact with the projecting parts 64 formed on the lower plate 60.
The two plates 60 are provided with screws 65 which project through into
the mortises 66 made in the knife blade for the purpose of keeping the latter
in position without at same time impeding its to-and-fro movement; these
mortises are made wider than the diameter of the screws so as to permit of
the knife being adjusted in position, which is effected by the aid of screws 66¹
acting on the parts 67 of the knife carrier. In order to impart the required
to-and-fro motion to the knife I connect it with a bent lever 68 by means of
a pin 69 working in a slot therein; this lever receives oscillating motion from
a toothed wheel 70 keyed on the shaft U and gearing with a wheel 71, the
latter imparting motion to a small pinion 72, on which is keyed a crank 73;
this latter in rotating produces the oscillation of a lever 74 through a con-
necting link 75%; said lever 74 is also provided with a second lever 75
communicating oscillating motion to the elbowed lever 68 for working the
knife. The transmission of motion to the shuttle driving gear is obtained by
the aid of an elliptical toothed wheel 76 keyed eccentrically on the end of the
principal shaft U (see Figure 45), and gearing with another elliptical
wheel 77 forming a crank and bearing on the friction roller 77¹ working in
the slot 78 of a lever 79 oscillating at the end of the loom; this lever has a
connecting rod 80 at one end, producing the oscillation of a large lever 81 a
the upper part of the loom provided with a balance weight 81¹, by means o
which lever the shuttle driving gear is operated through a rod q, as befor
described. The elliptical toothed wheels 76, 77, are of the same constructio
s u¹, u², Figure 46, before described for working the batten, and serve t
estrict the motion of lever 79 at suitable times for the purpose of stoppin
be shuttles when the batten presses back the weft, and also to increase t
notion while the shuttles are passing.
Motion is imparted to the jacquard in the following manner :-The tooth
heels 70, 71, before mentioned as giving motion to the knife gear w
nother wheel 82 turning in a suitable bearing. On the axis of said wh
keyed excentrically an elliptical toothed wheel 83, similar to those bet

page_text: described, gearing with another elliptical wheel 84 acting as a
crank, and
provided with a friction roller 85; this roller works in a slot formed in the
end of a lever 86 oscillating at the lower part of the loom in a frame 86;
the other end of this lever is provided with a balance weight 86 and con-
necting rod 87, imparting an oscillating motion to a large lever 88 in bearings
at the upper part of the loom; this lever has two arms connected with the
parts giving the pressure of the jacquard apparatus. The elliptical wheels
83, 84, serve to lessen the motion of lever 86, and consequently of the
jacquard, while the shed is open to give time for the passage of the shuttles.
The improvements in the jacquard mechanism are as follows:-On each of
the plates 89, 89, Figure 55, which are placed opposite to one another, is
fixed a plate 90 having V-shaped grooves, as shown, in which the plates rest
for raising the hooks of the mechanism. Above one of the plates 89 is
fixed a part 91, Figure 59, having A-shaped grooves embracing the plates,
and applied on the first mentioned for obtaining a horizontal to-and-fro
motion.
On the plate 91 are disposed the plates 91, 93, Figures 57 and 58, which
are superposed in the manner shown in Figure 56, and these plates oscillate
at point 921, being guided in their movement by the head of screw 99"
working in slots in the same. The part 92 has a constant tendency to
return to its normal position by the action of a spiral spring 93' fixed at 93%.
The plate 93 is also returned to position by the spiral spring 91 fixed at 91³.
Two rods 90¹ and 911, Figure 44, fixed respectively to each of the plates
92, 93, are disposed vertically in front of the loom within reach of the work-
man. By pulling the rod 90¹ the plate 92 is caused to oscillate, sliding the
part 91 and reversing the plates, which then rest on the opposite side of the
V grooves; in this position when the lifting bar again rises the plates will not
atch on the hooks. The above arrangement is for the purpose of instantly
lisconnecting the hooks.
Figure 60 represents two arrangements of hooks, the one 94 having a
pring action, and the other 95 being jointed. I have before mentioned that
e hooks move two and two in plates resting on springs disposed in the
echanism; one of each of the two hooks is in direct communication with a
eddle, and the other with an arrangement of levers for producing the rising
nd falling movement. This apparatus is represented in Figures 44 and 45. 35
5 are plates through which the hooks pass; 97, springs mounted on stems
which the plates 96 rest; 971, heddle connected at top to one of the
oks of plate 96 by jointed metal rods; 98, support fixed between the
rights of the frame; 99, bars connected to one of the books of plates 96

page_text: by means of metal rods for bringing down the heddle; 99', springs for
raising the heddles.
I will now describe the arrangement for operating the return of the cards
in the reverse direction to the unwinding without its being necessary to move
5 or stop the loom, as also an arrangement for stopping the action of the
mechanism.
These improvements are represented in Figures 44 and 45, and separately
at Figures 61 and 62, a lever arm 100 provided with a projection 100¹ acting
on a part 101. The driver end of the cylinder is fixed at the one end to the
0 framing, and the other end being also attached to the framing by a
spring 102 so as to keep it constantly up to the part 101. This lever 100
serves to turn the cards during the horizontal motion of the cylinder, which
meeting with the resistance of the projection 100¹ is caused to turn a quarter
of a turn. When it is wished to suspend the action of the mechanism without
stopping the loom it is simply necessary to pull the rod 103, Figure 44, dis-
posed vertically in front of the loom and hook it on the fixed point 104 of the
framing. In this position the rod 103 oscillates a lever 105, and holds the
part 100 in the raised position, so that the cylinder no longer meeting
any resistance from projection 100¹ is prevented from turning.
Another part 106 serves to turn the cylinder in the contrary direction to
that in which the cards are unwound by pulling the rod 107, which is fitted
vertically in front of the loom in a similar manner to 103. The part 106
rises and falls in vertical guides formed by screws received in slots therein;
it is also provided with a projection 108 for acting on the cylinder. A spiral
spring 109 holds said part 106 in position and prevents it moving in a back-
ward direction. Another spring 110 also has a constant tendency to keep
the said part raised. A small lever 111 oscillating in a bearing 112 connects
the part 106 to 100 by the aid of rod 113. From the foregoing it will be
readily understood that by pulling the part 107, 106 will fall, the lever 111
will oscillate raising part 100, and the projection 108 coming in contact with
the cylinder will turn it one-fourth of a revolution the reverse way to the
unwinding, while by liberating the rod 107 the spring will raise the part 106,
thus a card is returned at each time of pulling and releasing the rod 107.
The arrangement for winding the fabric on to the rollers 54, 55, and the
regulating gear is represented in Figure 63. A small bar 113 oscillating at
the left-hand side of the loom and worked by the mechanism before described
is connected to a lever 114 by means of a bar 115 and rods 115'. The
lever 114 turns freely on an axis on which are keyed the ratchet wheel 116
and pinion 117, this lever is further provided with spring pawls 118, thus at

page_text: each oscillation of the bar 113 the lever 114 also oscillates and the pawls
rotate the wheels 116, 117, to a certain extent.
Other pawls 119 prevent the
ratchet from turning in the reverse direction, when the lever 114 falls, the
breadth of the loom by the aid of toothed wheels 121, 122, and 123. At 5
pinion 117 communicates rotary motion to a shaft 120 extending the whole
the other end of the shaft 120 on the right-hand side of the loom there is a
motion in opposite directions to the rollers 54, 55, on which the fabric is
series of toothed wheels 124, 125, 126, 127, and 128 communicating rotary
wound. The regulator consists of a lever 129 with a return piece at one end
with which the drawing off lever 114 effects contact, inclining the lever 129 19
more or less; the degree of oscillation of the lever 114 is regulated by means
of an arm 130 fixed at part 131 on the lever 114, the workman is enabled
to work the pawls out of gear and so arrest their action, a crank 1311 is also
applied in connection with this arrangement. I also apply an arrangement
of indicators seen in Figure 45, consisting of small metal bent rods 132, 15
placed on the warp threads and mounted on arms carried in bearings at
the back part of the loom. When one of the warp threads breaks au arm
falls with it and clears it away so as to prevent confusion in the work. I
may also arrange these arms to fall on a movable surface in communication
with a signal apparatus disposed at the front of the loom.
20
Figure 64 shows a front elevation of the arrangement of the loom when
figured fabrics are to be produced. In this case the knife is dispensed with
while the heddles are replaced by a bar, through which pass the threads
represented in blue lines, to which threads are suspended metal plates indicated
by the red lines, each of which plates are perforated at two different points
for the passage of the two warp foundations. This arrangement permits of
two fabrics of similar design being produced at the same time in the loom,
while the plates being of metal will wear but slowly, and I am thus enabled
to dispense with the use of weights or leads producing an inevitable shaking
motion while the loom is in operation.
The Invention consists in the general arrangement and disposition of the
various parts of the power loom herein described, as also the application of
elliptical gearing to all kinds of looms for the purpose of obtaining a dead
point or variation in the movement of the batten, for arresting the movement
of the shuttles, for keeping open the shed, or for obtaining other similar effects
at times when less motion is required. It also consists in the use and
application of the improved jacquard mechanism to all kinds of looms.
The chief feature of the Invention consists in the capability of producing all
kinds of materials, whether plain or figured velvets, and even cotton and linen

page_text: Two fabrics are produced simultaneously,
enabling a reduction to be made in their cost price; this result is obtained
by means of two or more shuttles operated by an endless chain. The
employment of an endless chain for this purpose also constitutes one of the
chief features of the loom, as it offers an immense advantage as compared
with the racks hitherto used, and enables the batten to be considerably
reduced in length, at the same time permitting the width of the fabrics
produced to be greatly increased.
SPECIFICATION filed in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
and of an Order of the Lord Chancellor, by the said Alexander Clark in
the Great Seal Patent Office on the 14th December 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALEXANDER
CLARK, of Rathbone Place, in the County of Middlesex, Executor of
William Clark, late of 53, Chancery Lane, also in the County of Middlesex,
who departed this life on the 26th September 1867, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirtieth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Alexander Clark, as such Executor, Her special licence that I, the said
Alexander Clark, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said Alexander Clark, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time, and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING PILE AND OTHER FABRICS," a communication
to the said William Clark from abroad by Jean Baptiste Beau, Machine Builder
of 29, Boulevart St. Martin, Paris, upon the condition (amongst others) that I
the said Alexander Clark, my executors or administrators, by an instrument i
writing under me, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularl
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manne
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Grea
Seal Patent Office on or before the 19th Dec, 1867, next and immediate
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alexander Clark, as such Execut
aforesaid, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in wh

page_text: tained in and by the following statement, reference being had to the Seven
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
Sheets of Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked
thereon, (that is to say) :-
pro- 1
This Invention relates to improvements in looms whereby to ensure great
regularity and otherwise facilitate the weaving operation. Fabrics of one or
various colors may be made in the loom and figured, such as waistcoats,
dresses, furnitures, Utrecht and silk velvets, and other materials. The
principal part in this, as in all other looms, is the batten, which is constructed
according to an improved arrangement of this Invention. The batten is
vided with two shuttles operated by an endless chain moving them simulta-
neously in two different horizontal planes so as to weave two fabrics at a
time. By the application of an endless chain for working the shuttles I am
enabled greatly to reduce the length of the batten, such length being a
necessity when guide racks are employed. Two warp beams are disposed at
the back of the loom furnishing two supplies of threads for forming the two
warp foundations, which threads pass through the separating and batten
reeds at different heights corresponding to those of the shuttles.
For the manufacture of Utrecht or silk velvet I employ four additional
bobbin frames of this Invention, to be herein-after described, for furnishing
further series of threads which are operated by two series of heddles governed
by the jacquard apparatus, and woven alternately with the foundations of the
upper and lower warps; in this manner two fabrics are produced joined together
by the threads coming from the beams or rollers. The two fabrics thus woven
are drawn off by the beams, and a knife having a continuous to-and-fro move-
ment separates the two fabrics by cutting midway the threads which join
them so as to form the pile of the velvet. The endless chain operating the
shuttles receives an alternate to-and-fro motion by gearing suitably disposed
at one end of the batten, governed by the shuttle driving gear mounted
laterally on one of the arms of the batten. These shuttle drivers receive
motion from the driving shaft by means of a series of spur wheels and levers
to be herein-after described.
This Invention is illustrated in the accompanying Drawings, Figure 1.
Sheet 1, of which represents a front view of the improved batten. This batten
oscillates on pivots A, A, mounted in bearings at the upper part of the loom;
it is composed of two bars B, Figure 2, united by pillars C, C, and forming
the batten carrier; to these bars two arms A', A', are bolted, united at their
upper parts by the cross piece A, carrying the pivots A, A. The batten.
properly so called, which is keyed to the batten carrier is composed of two

page_text: bars D, D, grooved throughout their length at D', D', the use of which will
be herein-after explained. These two bars are connected together by iron
plates D, D, represented in side view at Figure 2, Sheet 2. The batten
is fixed to the upper part of the batten carrier by angle. pieces d, d, and
5 screws d', while it is supported at the lower part by brackets D¹ placed at
suitable distances apart upon an iron plate As projecting in front of the
batten carrier and forming part of the same. Screws deserve to regulate the
relative positions of the batten and the batten carrier. The batten being
mounted as described it will be understood that it can be removed with facility
by simply loosening the screws d', Figure 2.
The shuttles E are fixed laterally to a rack F, seen separately in plan
Figure 3, Sheet 2, and in elevation at Figure 4; for this purpose the socket e
of the shuttles is provided with two grooves e¹, e', Figure 5, in which work
studs f, f, fixed to the racks F. These shuttles are held in position by
springs f, f, which are compressed when said shuttles are to be released; the
shuttles are also provided with bobbins e carrying the thread for forming the
weft. On leaving the healds the threads intended to form the foundation of
the warp pass through a dividing reed G oscillating with the batten, for which
purpose the reed shown separately in cross section at Figure 6 is suspended by
spiral springs g attached to two fixed points on the loom, and moves with the
batten by books g¹ fixed at the back of the latter. The warp threads then
pass to a reed H which is finer than reed G; this reed is fitted as seen in
Figure 6, between the bars D, D, of the batten carrier, and held in position
At each end of the batten and on each side
by plates h¹, h¹, fixed thereon.
of the reed H are disposed flat parallel metal bars I, I', placed one above the
other. The bars I, I, are held in position by plates J, J, fixed on the side of
the bars D, and the bars I', I', are held by plates J', J¹, as seen in Figure 7.
All these bars are so arranged as to leave sufficient space between them for
the shuttle carrying racks F to enter races K, K1, K2, K³, at each end of the
batten. Brackets k, k, formed on the plates D, Figure 2, are provided with
screws k¹, k¹, for regulating the distance between the bars I, I', and s
ensuring the proper width of the shuttle races K, K', K, K. An endles
ebain L, Figure 1, runs in the grooves D' of the batten, being carried at eac
end by four toothed wheels 1, 1, 1, 1. This chain receives to-and-fro motio
5 from toothed wheels 1, 1, mounted on the bars I, I, these toothed whee
turn alternately in opposite directions for traversing the shuttle racks
from the races K, K₁, to the races K, K, and vice versa, so as
form two wefts at each motion of the batten. The racks F are ma

page_text: rather longer than the distance
and K', K
The
plate o²
5
10
shuttle driving gear consists of two flat plates M, M', rising and falling
so that they may enter the one before entirely quitting the other.
in a vertical frame R fixed laterally on one arm of the batten; the plates or
bars are connected at the upper part by a strap M² passing over a pulley M
and at their lower part are fixed straps m, m¹, attached to the periphery of a
drum O keyed on the end of a shaft o, carried in bearings o¹, o¹, on a
fixed at one end of the batten. The bars M, M¹, are further provided with
jointed catches P, P¹, oscillating at points p, p, sufficient space being left
between said bars to permit of a sliding part Q rising and falling by the aid of
a stem q actuated by a lever receiving motion from the driving shaft, as will be
herein-after described. At the lower part of frame R are two levers R¹, R",
oscillating at points 1, 2, and connected together by two plates 12, 13. Springs
are applied to act on the catches P, P¹, for the purpose of retaining them
within the plates M, M¹, to afford free passage for the slide Q, but when the 15
plates M, M¹, reach the lower part of frame R, the levers R¹, R² being
constantly acted on by the spiral springs r permit of the projection of the
catches P, P', therefrom. When the slide Q falls it is arrested by the part P¹,
and again rises with the bar M¹ while the bar M, falling at the same time the
drum is thus caused to turn in the one direction. On the downward motion 20
of the bar M being completed the catch P springs out and is hooked by the
slide Q, which rises carrying with it the bar M, the bar M¹ descending at
same time; in this manner the drum o is caused to turn in the opposite
direction. These several rotary movements alternately in either direction are
transmitted to the guide chain L of the shuttles by the aid of the following 2
arrangement of toothed gearing:-The shuttle and machine driving gear
represented in front view at Figure 1, and in side view at Figure 8, Sheet 2.
On the drum O is keyed a toothed wheel S communicating an alternating
rotary motion to a shaft S¹ turning in bearings s, s, on the plate 02, 0%, by the
aid of pinion S3; on said shaft S' is also keyed a toothed wheel Ss received in 3
a space made in the top bar D of the batten and gearing with the chain L, as
seen in Figures 1 and 8. Friction rollers s², s2, are placed at suitable distances
apart, serving as guides for the endless chain L and to keep it in the
D¹ of the batten. A rod S with spiral spring S5 is fixed at the point of junction
of the plates 72, 73, which on being connected to the fixed point S³ of the arm s
is
grooves
of the batten produces the separation of the lever arms R', R³, and these no
longer acting on the catches P, P₁, the the shuttle driving gear will be thrown
out of action; the batten in this case will act without moving the shuttles.

page_text: 5
Figure 3,
, gc.
presents a vertical elevation, and Figure 10 a plan
for transmitting motion to the various parts, and also an arrangement of
of part of one side of the framing of the loom showing the driving shaft
disconnecting gear of this Invention.
having a
T, driving shaft mounted on one side of the loom in bearings T1, T2, and
fly wheel T3, loose pulley T, and bevil pinion To; T³, clutch for
connecting the loose pulley T with the shaft T; U, shaft mounted in
bearings u extending across the loom; it receives rotary motion from shaft T
by the aid of bevil wheel U¹. On shaft U are keyed two oval toothed
5 wheels u¹, Figure 11, Sheet 4, one only being shown in the Drawing,
which transmit rotary motion to two other oval toothed wheels u² provided
with a stud u³ received in the slot of a link V fixed to the batten; in
this manner on rotary motion being imparted to the wheels u² the batten is
moved backwards and forwards, and vice versa, so operating its swinging
motion.
The above arrangement is thrown in or out of gear by means of a fod V1,
Figures 9 and 10, Sheet 3, mounted in front of the loom and connected to the
upper arm V2 of a vertical shaft V3, oscillating on a fixed axis in cross bars at
the side of the loom. The lower arm V5 of said shaft V³ is mounted in a
similar position to V2, and is further provided with a vertical finger V6, the
object of which will be herein-after explained. A bar V slides horizontally
between friction rollers V8, into which takes the end V of a bent arm X at
point v, seen separately at Figures 12 and 13, Sheet 4; this arm X oscillates
at point X, and is constantly kept down by a spring X². A small friction
roller X³ is also fixed laterally at the end of part X, which is acted on by the
finger V6 for the purpose of disconnecting the two parts Vi and X. Two
small drums X, X, mounted loo-ely on vertical axes are fitted at the end of
bar V7, between which is received the arm Vs for imparting motion to the said
bar. A spiral spring X is attached at the one end X to bar V, the other
end being fixed at X7, the object of which is to return the bar to position.
X³ is a projection on the bar provided with a stud X' working freely in a slot
made in the end of a horizontal lever oscillating at point Y; this lever is
forked at its other end and embraces the clutch of pulley T on the driving
shaft, so that by acting on the lever through the rod V₁ the gear may be
3 thrown in or out of action. This is effected in the following manner :-B
bearing on rod V¹ the vertical shaft V3 is caused to turn, bringing the finge
V in contact with the friction roller X³ and raising it, the end V of X wi
be thus released from the catch v of V, and the arm X at the same tim
released by the aid of spring X, so moving the parts out of gear. In ord
5
B 2

page_text: that this may be instantaneously effected the Dar
Y IS
rovided at its end with
a round bar V* covered with india-rubber, which is inserted between the arms
By the aid of an arrangement of parts of this Invention every time the
shuttle breaks a thread the loom stops working, which is also the case should:
a shuttle fail to complete its whole amount of traverse from any cause.
Figure 15, Sheet 2, shows a perspective view of this arrangement. The
apparatus consists of an arm Z, seen also in side view at Figure 11,
having two arms Z1, Z2; said arm Z is fitted to oscillate in a head piece 7,
and is held in position by a spring Z'. The part Z³ is jointed to the end of the
lever Zo, seen separately in plan and face views at Figures 42 and 43, Sheet 2,
Sheet 4.
; the lever Z
ig
oscillating at z and provided with a counterbalance weight Z
is also furnished with a friction roller z¹ bearing on the end of another lever Z
oscillating at z, an elbowed piece Z jointed at 23 to a part fixed on the batten
bearing on the other end of the lever Z³, as represented in Figure 7, Sheet 2.1
This lever Z³ is separately represented in plan and face view at Figures 40
and 41, Sheet 2. The cranked arm Z' is provided with a vertical part 24
placed at a suitable distance in front of the shuttle races K, K³, K², K²,
which the shuttle carrying racks work. Near the rollers placed in front of
the loom for receiving the manufactured material there is a guide 1 resting on 2
a cross bar and having an inclined groove and four friction rollers 2, 2, 2, 2,
as shown separately in Figures 16, 17, and 18, Sheet 4.
A flat bar 3,
Figures 19 and 20, Sheet 4, is fitted to slide in an inclined position in the
groove of guide 1; this bar is provided at one end with a friction roller 4 in
the groove of which a spring 5, Figure 11, Sheet 4, is received, so as to
eturn the bar 3 to position. At the other end of said bar is fixel a support-
ng arm 5*, separately shown at Figures 21 and 22, Sheet 4, in which is
mounted an oscillating part 6 composed of three arms a, a, a², the one a
scillating in a fork 7 formed on the end of part 3 between the two arms Z, Z,
s seen in Figure 15, Sheet 2, the arm a¹ is pointed at the end and passe-
rough a plate 8 fixed laterally to the arm of link V for working the batten.
be arm a² is applied under the plate A of the batten and forms a weight
nding to oscillate the arm in a forward direction indicated by the arrow,
igure 21, Sheet 4. During the backward motion of the batten, the spring 5,
igure 11, Sheet 4, presses the bar 3 against plate 8, while in its forward
ovement the plate 8 presses back the bar 3, which being guided in part 1,
rries with it the oscillating arms. The plate 8 is connected to the bar 3 by
nk 9, so that if during the backward movement of the batten the spring 5
uld retain the bar 3, the latter would be immediately carried with it

page_text: The ab ve mechanis
being applied
CB, &C.
constitutes what I term the weft breaking gear, one
on each side of the batten. Their action is as follows:-The
shuttles E are provided with a rod 10 forming an arc of a circle, Figure 7,
Sheet 2, fixed to the rack F, the threads forming the weft passing between the
5 arms Z, a, 22, as seen in Figure 15, Sheet 2, so that the tension of the threads
shall act on the oscillating parts 6 inversely to the counterbalances a², and
hold the latter in suspension in such manner that the point a¹ of the same
shall nearly touch the under surface of the plate As of the batten. Supposing
the shuttle to be about midway of their course the balance weight Z' pro-
duces the oscillation of levers Z6 and raises part Z³ and arms Z, Z², which in
rising are brought to bear on the upper bar to permit of the passing of the
shuttles. By this movement the parts Z³ will be caused to assume a vertical
position by the aid of fixed plates 11 against which they abut. These
parts in rising liberate the thread held between arms Z', Z, on which the
arm 6 is free to oscillate in the direction of the arrow, Figure 21, Sheet 4. On
the shuttles reaching the end of their traverse the rod 10 coming in contact
with the vertical arm 24 oscillates the elbowed part Z°, the end of which bears
on the end of lever Z8, and causes the other end of this lever to raise the
roller z¹. During this movement the lever Z oscillates inversely to the action
of the balance weight and so causes the arm Z', Z2, to descend and reassume
their oblique position, while the thread resting on the friction rollers 12
returns to the position seen in Figure 15, Sheet 2, and the arms oscillating in
consequence the end a¹ will again approach the plate A3. If one of the
shuttle threads were to break it will be readily understood that the
would oscillate in the reverse direction, and the end a¹ would recede from
plate A³. This displacement of the part a¹ when a thread breaks produces
the instantaneous and self-acting disconnection of the driving shaft T of the
loom, as I will now proceed to describe.
part 6
Figure 23, Sheet 3, shows a back view of the batten with the mechanism.
13, 14, supports fixed on the inside of the lower bar B of the batten, and pro-
vided with bearings in which is mounted a shaft 15; 16, plate seen separately
in side view at Figure 24, Sheet 3, against which abuts the end a¹ before
mentioned at the right hand of the loom when the batten is moved forward and
the thread occupies the position seen in Figure 15, Sheet 2, that is to say,
when unbroken; this plate oscillates at such time and with it a part 16 fixed
on the other end of the shaft 15, as seen separately in front and side view at
The part 16 engages in a catch 17 oscillating
Figures 27 and 28, Sheet 4.
above a catch lever 18 provided with a friction roller 19, see Figures S

page_text: and 25, Sheets 3 and 4. 20,
Cung
during the forward movement of the batten against the end a¹ of the oscillator 6
on the left-hand side of the loom when the thread is unbroken; this plate 20
forms part of a catch 21 oscillating above a catch lever 22, provided with a
friction roller 23; each of these catches 18 and 22 have hooks 24, 23,
mounted laterally thereon. 26, bent lever completing the disconnecting gear,
separately seen in Figure 29, Sheet 4; it is fitted to oscillate on a stud 27
beside the part X, as seen in Figure 9, Sheet 3; one end of the bent lever 26
bears on the under side of a friction roller 28 fixed laterally on the part X.
The whole being arranged as described, the following is the mode in which
this thread apparatus acts:-Supposing the weft threads carried by the
shuttles are not broken as before mentioned the parts a¹ of the oscillators 6
will be close to the plate As of the batten, so that during the forward move-
ment of the latter the plates 16 and 20 will abut against the ends a pro-
ducing the rotation of the shaft 15, while the catches 17, 21, will be raised
at same time; the batten continuing its forward movement the friction
rollers 19, 23, find an obstacle in the parts X and 26, the result of which is
that the catches 18 and 22 will oscillate without influencing said parts, and
so effect the disconnection of the bar V7. Supposing further that one of the
shuttle threads breaks the oscillator 6 on the right or left hand will be s
liberated and free to oscillate, and its pointed end a¹ will recede from the
plate As of the batten. If it be a thread corresponding with the left-hand
oscillator that breaks in the forward movement of the loom the plate 20 will
not abut against the part a¹ which passes underneath it, while the catch 21
not being raised, on the roller 23 meeting the part X by the action of the
catch lever offering a resistance thereto, said roller will produce the oscilla-
tion of the part X, and effect the disconnection of the parts by liberating the
bar V' as before explained. When the batten returns backwards the hook 25
comes against a fixed part 29, Figure 9, Sheet 3, fitted to oscillate in &
forward direction only, so raising the catch 21 to permit of the free oscillation 30
of catch lever 22 on the roller 23 again abutting against part X. If it be a
thread corresponding with the oscillator on the right hand side of the loom
which breaks the same effect is produced by plate 16, Figures 11, 23, and 24,
Sheets 3 and 4, does not oscillate, as it is not acted on by the part u¹, and the
lever 17 not being raised will remain in the catch 30, in which position the $5
catch lever 18 is prevented from oscillating. Thus when the friction roller 19
comes against the part 26 it causes it to oscillate, its end provided with a
friction roller 28 raising part X, which in its tur
a

page_text: order
ye.
action. During the backward movement of
the batten the hook 24 coming against the fixed point 29 being only free to
ascillate in a forward direction disengages the catch 17 and permits the free
oscillation of the cateh lever 18 on the friction roller 19 abutting in the
5 return movement of the batten against the part 26.
Having thus described the mode in which the loom is stopped instantly
when a shuttle thread breaks, I will proceed to explain an arrangement of
parts for effecting a similar object, supposing one of the shuttles from any
cause should fail to complete its traverse, the action being similar to that
0 above described. It consists of an upright stem 32 fixed to a shaft 33,
Figure 1, turning in bearings in front of the bars I, I¹; this shaft is provided
on one end with a plate 34 in contact with a roller 35, mounted on the top of
a catch 36, fitted to oscillate in front of the plate A³, as seen in Figure 9,
Sheet 3; said catch is also provided with a hook 37; below this catch
5 oscillates a catch lever 38, similar to those previously described. The parts
being thus arranged, supposing the shuttles to have exactly completed their
traverse, the guard 10 coming in contact with the stem 32 turns the shaft 33,
and so causes the plate 34 resting on the roller 35 to raise the catch 36 and
disengage it from the hollow 39 of catch lever 38. In this manner when the
batten advances the catch lever 38 bears in frictional contact on a roller 40,
mounted in the part X, and having no longer any resistance to overcome it
is free to oscillate. Supposing one of the shuttles should not complete its
traverse the catch 36 being in the hollow 39 of the catch lever 38, the latter,
in the forward movement of the batten will bear on the roller 40 and
produce the oscillation of the part X, which by liberating the bar will tbrow
the parts out of gear, as before described. During the backward movement of
the shuttle the hook 37 meets with a stop 41, oscillating in a forward direction
only for the purpose of releasing the cateb. The above mechanism may be
fitted on each side of the batten, but one only is sufficient for the two shuttles,
as their movements are correlative, being united by an endless chain. At
the commencement of this Specification I have observed that for the manu-
facture of Utrecht and silk velvets besides the two warp beams supplying
the threads forming the warp foundations I employ four others of this
Invention. This arrangement possesses an advantage over those now in use,
inasmuch as it occupies less room and holds more thread.
Figures 30 and 31, Sheet 4, represent front and side views of a batten
detached from a frame on the old system; it will be seen that there are two
grooves in this bobbin, the groove 42 having the greater width, on which is

page_text: suspended the spherical weight 43, the other and narrower groove 44
containing the thread. According to these improvements the weight is not
required to run in a groove, consequently this space may be narrower while
the part containing the thread may be widened.
a
Figure 32, Sheet 4, shows a front view of the bobbin frame; Figure 33, an
end view of same; Figure 34 shows a separate side view of a bobbin mounted
in its frame; Figure 35, a front view of same; Figure 36 a section of the
bobbin; Figures 37 and 38 detached parts of same; Figure 39 shows
separate view of the spindle on which the bobbin is mounted. The bobbin
frame consists of a series of bars 45 disposed parallel to each other, with
sufficient space between for the bobbins; the bars are connected at top and
bottom by tie rods 46, and are provided with holes in which are received the
axes of the bobbins. 47, bobbin axes on which is formed or otherwise fitted
a small pulley 48; 49, collar through the round part of which the spindle
47 passes, and having a square part for receiving the bobbin 50 containing i
the thread; or the collar and bobbin may be mounted so as to turn on the
spindle. 51, spiral spring, one end being fixed to the spindle 47 and the other
to the collar 49; 52, rods passing across the bars 45 above the bobbins,
serving as axes for the small levers 53, at the ends of which are weights 54
similar to 43 before mentioned. These levers are mounted on the rods 52
so as to rest in the grooves of pulleys 48, as seen in Figure 35.
being arranged as described the thread unwinds in the direction of the arrows
The parts
in Figures 34 and 39. During this movement the weight of the lever 53
acts on the spindle 47 so as to prevent its turning, the bobbin alone rotating
with the collar 49 which continues to wind the spiral spring round the
spindle, and it is only when the tension of the spring 51 exceeds the pressure
exerted on the axis by the lever and balance weight that the axis will turn
with the bobbins. If from any cause the thread should slacken during the
weaving operation the spring 51 uncoils in a contrary direction to the thread
and thus keeps it in tension.
S
Figure 32 of the Drawings represents a bobbin frame having a series
f parallel bars 45 placed at variable distances apart, while Figure 46,
heet 7, shows a front view of this frame with the bars 45 placed equidistant
as to present regular spaces in each of which the bobbins are disposed.
his arrangement enables a larger number of hobbins to be placed in the 5
me sized frame. Figure 66 shows a side view of a portion of this improved
ame with the bobbins in position. Each series of bars 45 as seen is held in
sition by the rods 46 connecting with the bars 135 f

page_text: pass
yc.
135 are mounted the rollers 136, so as
to turn thereon, and over which all the threads from each series of the bobbins
s in the form of a web towards the reed to make the warp foundation.
Sheet 7 further illustrates another arrangement of bobbin frame of this
5 Invention, the chief difference being that the bobbins are fitted to turn
vertically.
Figure 67 shows a plan, and Figure 68 a vertical side elevation,
of this improved bobbin frame. The frame is composed of angle iron or
other bars suitably connected together in three, four, or other number of tiers
all inclining towards one point. On the cross bar 137 are disposed longitu-
10 dinal bars 138, having vertical stems 139 placed at equal distances apart;
these pins or stems carry the bobbins 140, on each of which is a suitable
weight 141, fitted to rise and fall on the stems. The bars 138, carrying the
bobbins as described, are placed in an inclined position on cross bars 187, as
seen in Figure 67, so that the bobbins may readily give off their threads, which
15 are supplied to the reed from the bobbin frame almost parallel to each other.
I have only represented three supplies of thread in the Drawing, although
it will be understood that a greater number may be used. On leaving the
bobbin frame each series of threads a passes over two rollers 142, 142,
between which is placed an iron or lead wire 143 bent of a V form, acting as
0 a weight to draw the thread between the rollers before being unwound. The
parts being arranged as described the following is the action of the bobbin
frame-The threads being drawn by the rollers, as in ordinary, rotate the
bobbins 140, a certain amount of friction or resistance being exerted by the
pressure of the weights 141 on said bobbins; on the other hand, the draught
of the thread tends to raise the weight 143, which, on the contrary, holds the
thread down, it being thus unwound under these conditions. If the thread
becomes slack from any cause the weight 143 immediately acts so as to
tighten it, it being understood that the weight of the part 143 should be less
than the force necessary for drawing off the thread from the bobbin. This
arrangement of bobbin frame is especially applicable when large sized
bobbins are used, thus obviating the necessity of using springs of all kinds.
Besides the advantage of having threads with independent tension these
bobbin frames further contain a very large quantity of thread in a com-
latter
paratively small space.
I have before
Figure 44, Sheet 5 of the Drawings, shows a front elevation of the loom,
and Figure 45 a view of the right-hand end of the same.
mentioned that the driving shaft T transmits rotary motion to the principal
shaft V, which by means of the elliptical toothed wheels u', u, imparts the
swinging motion to the batten.

page_text: Figure 46, Sheet 6, shows
made of such form as to increase the motion at the desired times in order to
give time for the shuttle to pass when the batten is at the dead point. I
Utrecht velvet, or other materials in duplicate, the two fabrics woven together 5
have also stated that when the loom is employed for the manufacture of
being drawn off by
are united by the threads from the rollers or frames herein-before described
and governed by the healds, the two fabrics thus woven
the rollers 45, 55, see Figures 44 and 45, Sheet 5, at a regulated speed. A
knife is also provided having a continuous to-and-fro motion for dividing the
two fabrics, and severing the uniting threads which form the pile of the 1
velvet.
an end view
In Sheet 6 of the Drawings, Figure 47 shows a back view of the
arrangement of the knife, Figure 48 a plan, and Figure 49
of same; Figure 50 shows a separate plan of the knife; Figure 5.1
an elevation of the two plates between which it works, and Figure 52 a 1
plan of these plates; Figures 53 and 54 further show transverse sections
of two arrangements of plates forming guides for the knife. On the framing
of the loom is fixed a horizontal plate 56 having at each end a bearing 57
for the guide rollers 58 of the fabrics, and between which works the
knife 59, which is further embraced by two guides 60, 60, Figures 51, 52,
and 53 fixed to the bars 57 for the sake of strength. Each of the guides 60
is provided with points 61 placed at equal distances apart, which assist
the cutting by dividing the threads; these points may be dispensed with
if desired, or they may be arranged in the manner shown in Figure 53, where
each plate 60 is furnished with teeth or points placed opposite each other,
or as in Figure 54 where the teeth are of a V form, embracing the knife
and uniting the two plates 60. The knife carrier consists of two plates 62,
between which the knife is gripped by the aid of screws 63, Figure 50, the said
knife carrier sliding in the openings 63¹ of parts 57. In order to diminish
the friction, and prevent the knife from jumping, it bears in frictional contact
with the projecting part 64 formed on the lower plate 60. The two plates 60
are provided with screws 65 which project through into the mortises 66 made
in the knife blade for the purpose of keeping the batten in position without at
same time impeding its to-and-fro movement.
wider than the diameter of the screws so as to permit of the knife being
These mortises are made
adjusted in position, which is effected by the aid of screws 66¹ acting on the
parts 67 of the knife carrier. In order to impart the required to-and-fro
motion to the knife I connect it with a bent lever 68 by means of a pin 69
working in a slot therein; this lever receives oscillating motion from *

page_text: toothed whoe
Yc.
ed on the shaft V, and gearing with a wheel 71, the latter
imparting motion to a small pinion 72, on which is keyed a crank 78; this
latter in rotating produces the oscillation of a lever 74 through a connecting
link 75; said lever is also provided with a second link 75' communicating
oscillating motlon to the elbowed lever 68 for working the knife. The
transmission of motion to the shuttle driving gear is obtained by the aid of an
elliptical toothed wheel 76 keyed eccentrically on the end of the principal
shaft V (see Figure 45), and gearing with another elliptical wheel 77, forming
a crank, and bearing on a friction roller 77' working in the slot 78 of a lever 79
oscillating at the end of the loom. This lever has a connecting rod 80 at
one end producing the oscillation of a large lever 81 at the upper part of the
loom provided with a balance weight 811, by means of which lever the shuttle
is operated through a rod 9 as before described. The elliptical
toothed wheels 76, 77, are of the same construction as u, u, Figure 46,
before described for working the batten, and serve to restrict the motion of
lever 79 at suitable times for the purpose of stopping the shuttle when the
batten presses back the weft, and also to increase the motion while the shuttles
are passing,
driving gear
Motion is imparted to the jacquard in the following manner :-The toothed
wheels 70, 71, before mentioned as giving motion to the knife gear with
another wheel turning in a similar bearing. On the axis of said wheel is
keyed eccentrically an elliptical toothed wheel 83 similar to those before
described gearing with another elliptical wheel 84 acting as a crank and
provided with friction roller 85; this roller works in a slot formed in the end
of a lever 86 oscillating at the lower part of the loom in a frame 86', the
other end of this lever is provided with a balance weight 86%, and connecting
rad 87, imparting an oscillating motion to a large lever 88 mounted in bearings
at the upper part of the loom; this lever has two arms connected with the
jacquard. The elliptical wheels 83, 84, serve to lessen the motion of lever 86,
and consequently of the jacquard, while the shed is open for the passage of the
shuttles.
The improvements in the jacquard mechanism are as follows:-In each
of the plates 89, 89, Figure 55, Sheet 5, which are placed opposite to eac
other, is a plate 90 having V-shaped grooves, as shown, in which the plate
rest for raising the hooks of the mechanism. Above one of the plates 89
fixed a part 91, Figure 59, having A-shaped grooves embracing the plates, a
applied on the first mentioned for obtaining a horizontal to-and-fro motion.
On the plate 91 are disposed the plates 92, 93, Figures 57 and

page_text: which are superposed in the manner shown
working in slots in the same.
plates
oscillate at point 921, being guided in their movement by the head of screw 92
The part 92 has a constant tendency to return
to its normal position by the action of a spiral spring 93¹ fixed at 932; the
plate 93 is also returned to position by the spiral spring 912 fixed at 91.
Two rods 90' and 911, Figure 44, fixed respectively to each of the plates 92, 93,
Sheet 5, are disposed vertically in front of the loom within reach of the
workman. By pulling the rod 90¹ the plate 92 is caused to oscillate, sliding
the part 91 and reversing the plates, which then rest on the opposite side of
the V grooves; in this position when the lifting bar again rises the plates will
not catch on the hooks. The above arrangement is for the purpose of
instantly disconnecting the hooks.
1
15
Figure 60, Sheet 5, represents two arrangements of hooks, the one 94
having a spring action, and the other 95 being jointed. I have before mentioned
that the hooks move two and two in plates resting on springs disposed in the
mechanism, one of each two hooks is in direct communication with the heddle,
and the other with an arrangement of levers for producing the rising and
falling movement. This apparatus is represented in Figures 44 and 45,
Sheet 5. 96 are plates through which the hooks pass; 97, springs mounted
on stems on which the plates 96 rest; 971, heddle connected at top to one
of the hooks of plate 96 by jointed metal rods; 98, support fixed between the
uprights of the frame; 99, bars connected to one of the hooks of plate 96
by means of metal rods for bringing down the heddle; 99¹, springs for raising
the heddles.
I will now describe the arrangement for operating the return of the cards
in the reverse direction to the unwinding without its being necessary to move
or stop the loom, as also an arrangement for stopping the action of the
mechanism.
These improvements are represented in Figures 44 and 45, Sheet 5, and
separately at Figures 61 and 62, Sheet 6, a lever arm 100 provided with a
projection 100¹ acting on a part 101; the lower end of the cylinder is fixed as
the one end of the framing, the other end being also attached to the framing
by a spring 102 so as to keep it constantly up to the part 101. This lever
100 serves to turn the cards during the horizontal motion of the cylinder.
which meeting with the resistance of the projection 100¹ is caused to turn a
quarter of a turn. When it is wished to suspend the action of the mechanism
without stopping the loom it is simply necessary to pull the rod 103, Figure 44,
disposed vertically in front of the loom, and hook it on the fixed point 104

page_text: ΟΙ
3, &c.
the rod 103 oscillates a lever 105, and holds
the part 100 in the raised position, so that the cylinder no longer meeting
resistance from projection 100¹ is prevented from turning.
any
Another part 106 serves to turn the cylinder in the contrary direction to
5 that in which the cards are unwound by pulling the rod 107 which is fitted
vertically in front of the loom in a similar manner to 103. The part 106 rises
and falls in a vertical guide formed by screws received in slots therein; it is
also provided with a projection 108 for acting on the cylinder. A spiral
spring 109 holds said part 106 in position, and prevents it moving in a
0 backward direction. Another spring 110 also has a constant tendency to
keep the said part raised. A small lever 111 oscillating in a bearing 112
connects the part 106 to 100 by the aid of rod 113. From the foregoing it
will be readily understood that by pulling the part 107 106 will fall, the
lever 111 will oscillate, raising part 100, and the projection 108 coming in
5 contact with the cylinder will turn it one-fourth of a revolution in the reverse
way to the unwinding, while by liberating the rod 107 the spring will raise the
part 106, thus a card is returned at each time of pulling and releasing the
rod 107. The arrangement for winding the fabric on the rollers 54, 55, and
the regulating gear is represented in Figure 63. A small bar 113 oscillating
at the left-hand side of the loom and worked by the mechanism before
described is connected to a lever 114 by means of a bar 115 and 115¹. The
lever 114 turns freely on an axis, on which are keyed the ratchet wheel 116
and pinion 117; this lever is further provided with spring pawls 118; thus at
each oscillation of the bar 113 the lever 114 also oscillates, and the pawls
rotate the wheels 116, 117, to a certain extent; other pawls 119 prevent the
ratchet from turning in the reverse direction. When the lever 114 falls the
pinion 117 communicates rotary motion to the shaft 120 extending the whole
breadth of the loom by the aid of toothed wheels 121, 122, and 123. At the
other end of the shaft 120, on the right-hand side of the loom, there is a series
of toothed wheels 124, 125, 126, 127, and 128 communicating rotary motion
in opposite directions to the rollers 54, 55, on which the fabric is wound.
The regulator consists of a lever 129 with a return piece at one end, with
which the drawing off lever 114 effects contact by inclining the lever 129
more or less; the degree of oscillation of the lever 114 is regulated by means
of an arm 130 fixed at point 131 on the lever 114, the workman is enabled to
raise the pawls out of gear, and so arrest their action; a crank 131' is also
applied in connection with this arrangement. I also employ an arrangement
of indicators, seen in Figure 45, Sheet 5, consisting of small metal bent rods
132 placed on the warp threads and mounted on arms carried in bearings at

page_text: the back part of the loom.
When one of th
warp
aks an arm
may
falls with it and clears it away so as to prevent confusion in the work; I,
also arrange these arms to follow a movable surface in communication with a
signal apparatus disposed at the front of the loom.
Figure 64, Sheet 6, shows a front elevation of the loom when figured
In this case the knife is dispensed with,
fabrics are to be produced.
while the heddles, are replaced by a bar, through which
pass
wires repre.
sented in blue lines, to which are suspended metal plates, indicated by the
red lines, each plate being perforated at two different points for the
of the two warp foundations.
passage
This arrangement permits of two fabrics 1
of similar design being produced at the same time in the loom, while the
dispense
plates being of metal will wear but slowly, and I am thus enabled to
with the use of weights or leads producing an inevitable shaking motion
while the loom is in operation.
The chief features of the Invention consist in the capability of producing li
all kinds of materials, whether plain or figured velvets, and even cotton or
linen fabrics in this improved loom. Two fabrics are produced simultaneously
enabling a reduction to be made in their cost price, by means of two or more
shuttles operated by an endless chain. The employment of an endless chain
for this purpose also constitutes one of the chief features of the loom, as it
offers an immense advantage as compared with the racks hitherto used, and
enables the batten to be considerably reduced in length, at the same time
permitting the width of the fabrics produced to be greatly increased.
Having described the nature of this Invention, and the manner of per-
forming the same, I declare that what I claim as the Invention to be protected 25
by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is, the arrangement and
combination of parts composing the improved power loom, as illustrated in
the accompanying Drawings, more especially their application to all kinds of
looms.
First, I claim the arrangement of batten with endless chain in the manner
and for the purpose described.
Secondly, I claim the arrangement of shuttle driving gear for com
municating to-and-fro motion to the endless chain.
Thirdly, I claim the arrangement and combination of parts constituting
the "weft-breaking gear," in the manner and for the purpose described.
Fourthly, I claim the arrangement of parts forming the disconnecting gear
with instantaneous action.
Fifthly, I claim the arrangement of disconnecting gear should a shuttle
ail to complete its course.

page_text: prics, &c.
Sixthly, I claim the two arrangements of bobbin frames herein described
and represented in the Drawings.
Seventhly, the arrangement of parts forming the "warp-breaking gear"
without the addition of the signal apparatus, as and for the purpose
5 described.
obtaining
purpose of
Eighthly, I claim the application of elliptical gearing for the
a dead point or variation in the motion of the batten, for arresting
the motion of the shuttles, for keeping open the shed, and for obtaining other
similar effects when less motion is required.
Ninthly, I claim the application in looms for the manufacture of velvet of
a blade or knife having the same with as the loom, receiving a slight to-
and-fro motion or displacement, as and for the purpose specified.
Tenthly, I claim the improved jacquard mechanism herein-before described
and represented, as also the arranegment of parts for disconnecting the hooks,
and for producing the rising and falling motion, and the return of the cards,
and stopping the jacquard mechanism without its being necessary to arrest
the motion of the loom.
Eleventhly, I claim the arrangement of parts for drawing off the manufac
tured fabric, and regulating the action of the same.
Twelfthly, I claim the construction of metallic heddles in the manner and
as before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alexander Clark, as such Executo
aforesaid, have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Thirteenth day o
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred an