IMPROVEMENTS IN UNITING LEATHER WORK, IN THE FASTENINGS FOR THAT PURPOSE, IN THE MECHANISM FOR MAKING SUCH FASTENINGS, AND IN THE MECHANISM FOR DRIVING SAID FASTENINGS, CHIEFLY APPLICABLE TO BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1874

page_text: ETTERS PATENT to William Morgan-Brown, of the Firm of Brandon
and Morgan-Brown, Engineers and Patent Agents, of 38, South-
ampton Buildings, London, and 13, Rue Gaillon, Paris, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN UNITING LEATHER WORK, IN THE
FASTENINGS FOR THAT PURPOSE, IN THE MECHANISM FOR MAKING SUCH
FASTENINGS, AND IN THE MECHANISM FOR DRIVING SAID FASTENINGS, CHIEFLY
APPLICABLE TO BOOTS AND SHOES."-A communication from abroad
by Charles Keniston, of Somerville, County of Middlesex, Massa-
chusetts. United States of America.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Morgan-Brown
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 1st January 1874.
I, WILLIAM MORGAN-BROWN, of the Firm of Brandon and Morgan-
Brown, Engineers and Patent Agents, of 38, Southampton Buildings,
London, and 13, Rue Gaillon, Paris, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN UNITING LEATHER WORK, IN THE
•

page_text: FASTENINGS FOR THAT PURPOSE, IN THE MECHANISM FOR MAKING SUCH FASTENINGS,
AND IN THE MECHANISM FOR DRIVING SAID FASTENINGS, CHIEFLY APPLICABLE TO
BOOTS AND SHOES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in uniting leather work, in the
fastenings for that purpose, in the mechanism for making such
fastenings, and in the mechanism for driving said fastenings.
In uniting the parts of leather work, such for instance as the soles and
uppers, or soles and welts of boots and shoes, metal fastenings are
employed, each fastening consisting of a staple, the two shanks of which
are formed with diverging points, the shanks themselves being parallel,
lying closely together, and so that they serve as a complete support to
the staple head, the length of the head being the thickness of the two
shanks. To make for the formation of such staples a blank that can be
used in a staple driving machine (organised not unlike an ordinary
pegging or sole nailing machine), a wire is formed into a zig-zag ribbon,
and this ribbon being introduced into a suitable machine is regularly
fed and has a succession of staples cut from it one by one, each staple
being driven as soon as cut, and the punch that severs the staple from
the ribbon forming the diverging staple points so that when driven the
staple shanks are made to diverge as they enter the stock, thereby
making a very strong fastening and an enduring connection of the parts
through which the staple is driven.
By the blank-forming mechanism the wire is bent and laid in regular
lengths one against another with alternate semicircular bends at opposite
ends of such lengths, each bow at one edge of the ribbon thus formed
constituting the head of a staple, and each bow at the opposite edge two
adjacent points of two adjacent staples.
The Invention consists,-

page_text: Lastly. In the mechanism and details of mechanism for feeding the
ribbon, cutting therefrom in regular succession the staples and driving
them into the work.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Morgan-Brown in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 30th June 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
MORGAN-BROWN, of the Firm of Brandon and Morgan-Brown, Engineers
and Patent Agents, of 38, Southampton Buildings, London, and 13, Rue
Gaillon, Paris, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the First day of January, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-
seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said William Morgan-Brown, Her special
license that I, the said William Morgan-Brown, my executors, admini-
strators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William Morgan-
Brown, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN UNITING LEATHER WORK, IN THE FASTENINGS FOR THAT
PURPOSE, IN THE MECHANISM FOR MAKING SUCH FASTENINGS, AND IN THE
MECHANISM FOR DRIVING SAID FASTENINGS, CHIEFLY APPLICABLE TO BOOTS AND
SHOES," a communication to me from abroad by Charles Keniston, of
Somerville, County of Middlesex, Massachusetts, United States of
America, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said William
Morgan-Brown, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Morgan-Brown, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, that is to say:—
This Invention relates to improvements in uniting leather work, in
the fastenings for that purpose, in the mechanism for making such
fastenings, and in the mechanism for driving said fastenings, chiefly
applicable to boots and shoes.
In uniting the parts of leather work, such for instance as the soles and
uppers, or soles and welts of boots and shoes, metal fastenings are
employed, each fastening consisting of a staple, the two shanks of which
are formed with diverging points, the shanks themselves being parallel,
lying closely together, and so that they serve as a complete support to
the staple head, the length of the head being the thickness of the two
shanks. To make for the formation of such staples a blank that can be
used in a staple driving machine (organised not unlike an ordinary
pegging or sole nailing machine), a wire is formed into a zig-zag ribbon,
and this ribbon being introduced into a suitable machine is regularly fed
and has a succession of staples cut from it one by one, each staple being
driven as soon as cut, and the punch that severs the staple from the
ribbon forming the diverging staple points, so that when driven the
staple shanks are made to diverge as they enter the stock, thereby
making a very strong fastening and an enduring connection of the parts
through which the staple is driven.
By the blank-forming mechanism the wire is bent and laid in regular
lenths one against another with alternate semicircular bends at opposite
ends of such lengths, each bow at one edge of the ribbon thus formed
constituting the head of a staple, and each bow at the opposite edge two
adjacent points of two adjacent staples.
The Invention consists,―
First. In the peculiar staple.
Secondly. In a seam for boots and shoes and other leather work made
for such stanles

page_text: Lastly. In the mechanism and details of mechanism for feeding the
ribbon, cutting therefrom in regular succession the staples and driving
them into the work.
In the annexed Drawings forming part of this Specification, Figure 1
of the Drawing shows the peculiar staple (enlarged).
Figure 2 is a view of a piece of the ribbon staple blank.
Figure 3 shows (enlarged) a portion of the ribbon for two adjacent
staples, and the connection of the same with the next adjacent staples.
Figure 4 shows a portion of the outer sole and welt, or welt sole of a
boot united by the improved staples.
.
a, b, denote the two shanks of each staple or staple-forming piece;
c, the staple heads. Each staple is so cut or formed as to have the
points d diverge, as seen at Figure 1, and the wire is so bent as to bring
the shanks closely together, and so that the head c is wholly supported
by the shanks, as seen in Figure 1, such formation enabling the staples
to be driven by percussive blows without crippling the head and ensuring
the divergence of the shanks, as seen in Figure 4.
In forming a staple blank a long piece of wire is bent into a succession
of equal lengths by a succession of alternately reversed bends, and so as
to form a ribbon, as seen in Figure 2, the bends & being cut out by a
triangular punch to form the diverging staple points, the punch acting
on the dotted lines seen in Figure 3.
To form the staple blank or ribbon, the machine shown in Figures 5
and 6 is used, Figure 5 showing the machine in front elevation; and
Figure 6 showing a side elevation thereof.
In said Drawings a denotes a stand or frame, at the front end of
which is a head plate in which are journalled the front ends of the
operating shafts. At the top of this head is a stud pin c² upon which is
hung a pendant swinging arm d³, and on the bottom of the head is a
similar pin e upon which is mounted a swinging arm f. In the face
of the upper arm is a vertical slot in which slides a bar g³, and in the
face of the other arm is a vertical slot in which slides a bar h². In the
foot of the upper slide is a former 3, and in the top of under slide is a
similar former, the two formers in the lowest position of each standing
as seen in Figure 5. The upper plate has extending from its rear side a

page_text: pin a, roll ³, upon which enters a cam groove m³ cut in the front face of
a cam wheel n² on the driving shaft o³, and the lower plate is jointed to
an arm p² extending from a rocker shaft q, from which extends another
arm that is jointed to one arm of a lever s², the other arm of which
has extending from it and into a cam gooove t² of a cam wheel u³ on the
driving shaft a pin carrying a roll or truck v³, the rotation of the two
cams upon the driving shaft imparting the respective rotative move-
ments to the two slides and their formers i³, k³. These formers are upon
the adjacent or inner faces of two shank pieces w³ fixed to the respective
slides, the formers being projections from the shanks, and being in the
same plane. The wire x² passes between the adjacent curved ends of
the two formers from a throat y² formed between the front face of the
two arms d², f, and a cap plate 2².
.
In addition to the vertical movements imparted to the two slides each
has a swing movement with its arm, the respective swing movements
being imparted as follows:-From the two arms (respectively) extend
two ears as, 6s, having slots c, d³, and from these cars pins e³, ƒ³, extend
into two slots 9³, h³, of opposite arms, ³, extending from a rocker
shaft ♬³, the opposite end of this shaft having an arm m³ from which a
pin n³ projects into a cam slot o³ of a cam wheel p³ on the driving
shaft o². At each rotation of the driving shaft both formers act, one to
produce a bend of the wire in one direction, and the other to produce
the next bend in the opposite direction. Each former in moving to bend
the wire bends it over the adjacent or outer side of the other former,
which during the operation is stationary, and as soon as either former
has acted to produce the bend the other former withdraws so that one is
higher than the other; then the rocker shaft 1 is turned and its
slots g³, h³, acting upon the pins e³, f³, swing the two arms ³, k³, one in
one direction and the other in the opposite direction, and so as to move
the last acting former up against the wire length formed by it (to force
such length up against the previously formed length), and the other
former back to carry its point beyond the point of the first former;
then while the first former remains stationary the second is moved
vertically and bends the wire over the point and side of the first. Then
the first withdraws and the rocker shaft ³ then turns in the opposite
direction, causing the last acting former to force the length bent by it
up against the previously bent length, and bringing the other into
position to form another length by its next vertical movement,

page_text: As the ribbon emerges from the machine it passes between a pair of
hold-back rolls ³, the stress of which upon the ribbon is made such as
to permit the ribbon to pass only with the bends tightly compressed
together. The flatness of the ribbon is ensured by the walls of the
plates between which it is formed and passes, it being in fact walled in
between top and bottom and side surfaces.
The construction and arrangement of all the parts shown may be
modified, the essential features of the mechanism being the forming
mechanism and mechanism for imparting the requisite movement to
bend the wire and form the ribbon.
The mechanism that severs the staples one by one from the ribbon
feeds the ribbon to position for each severed staple in turn to enter the
work, and drives each staple in turn is shown as connected with an
ordinary pegging machine head, the driver being fastened to the driver
bar and operated as in such a machine, and the work being presented,
and guided, and fed, as in such a machine. For these reasons only the
head is shown, the jack mechanism having no direct connection with the
Invention. Figures 7, 8, 9, and 10 show this mechanism; Figure 7
shows the mechanism in front elevation; Figure 8 is a side view of it;
Figure 9 is a view of the opposite side of it; Figure 10 is a bottom view
of it.
a* denotes the head; 6, the face plate; c', the driving shaft; d, the
edge guide or gauge. The head a* has extending from it a stud pin e
mounted in a bearing f, and the head is vibrated upon this pivotal
connection by an eccentric on the end of the shaft c' acting against rolls
pivotted in the head. The driver g' is fastened in a vertical slide h*,
reciprocated by a cam wheel into a cam slot in which a pin extends
from the head. The movement of the lower part of the head in one
direction takes place when the driver is up, a foot at the bottom of the
head being in contact with the work and feeding the work, and the
movement in the opposite direction takes place when the driver is down;
a foot connected with the driver bar carrying the work out of contact
with the feed foot. These devices and their movements are or may be
the same as in the common pegging machines.
At one side of the head and connected with and so as to form part of
it is a box or roadway fitted to receive and guide the staple ribbon m*,
this roadway extending around to the front of the head and ending in a

page_text: tube or vertical passage through which the driver reciprocates. In the
front of this tube or passage is a triangular aperture into which enters a
punch of made correspondingly triangular in section, and this punch as
is enters the hole n' strikes the wire and punches off a piece, as denoted
by the dotted lines in Figure 3, thereby severing a staple, and by a cut 5
that forms the diverging points d, the punch is fastened in a carrier p*
moving in suitable guides and jointed to a lever *, in the upper part of
which is a cam slot 74. Into this slot enters a pin extending from an
arm that projects from the driver slide, the pin actuating the lever to
throw the punch forward, to sever the staple as the driver slide reaches
its highest point, and effecting the withdrawal of the punch as the driver
slide begins to descend.
To feed the ribbon a pawl mechanism is used as follows:-Attached
to or forming part of the head is a vertical sleeve or bearing through
which extends a shaft that carries at its top an arm ut, in which is a 1
slot v, a stationary pin extending through this slot. At the bottom of
the shaft is another arm w' to which is jointed by a pin x a pawl lever y*,
a pin extending through a slot to guide the pawl lever in its
movements.
The pawl lever point forms the feeding device, and as the bottom of 2
the head swings towards the pawl the movement of the bearing causes
the arm u¹ to be turned by the pin a³, the arm w¹ being also thereby
turned and drawing the pawl lever y' back loosely over the staple blank.
As the head moves in the opposite direction the pawl lever is swung
inward and relatively to the arm w¹ and into contact with the ribbon, 2
entering between the wires of which the pawl lever point as it moves
forward effects the feed of the ribbon.
Having now described and particularly set forth the nature of the said
Invention, and the manner of carrying the same into effect, I would
have it understood that what I claim in the said in part recited Letters 3
Patent is,―
Firstly. The wire staple having the shank, points, and head, con-
structed substantially as described.
Secondly. The staple blank or ribbon, formed substantially as
described.
Thirdly. Leather work united by the peculiar staples, substantially as
shown and described.

page_text: Fourthly. The combination of mechanism and details of mechanism
for forming the staple ribbon, substantially as described.
Fifthly. The combination of mechanism and details of mechanism for
feeding, severing, and driving, substantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Morgan-Brown, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Thirtieth day of June, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
four.
WILLIAM MORGAN-BROWN. (L.S.)