Improvements in and relating to Apparatus for Carbonating Water and other Liquids.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 13th Dec., 1897-Accepted, 8th Oct., 1898
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Apparatus for Carbonating Water
and other Liquids.
I, EDWARD EMANUEL MURPHY, a Citizen of the United States of America, residing
at 11, India Square, in the City of Boston, County of Suffolk, and. State of
Massachusetts, United States of America, Chemical Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
3
This invention relates to apparatus for carbonating water and other liquids, and it
has for its object to provide a simple and efficient automatically operating apparatus
in which a thorough mechanical commingling or combination of the gas and liquid is
effected and is controlled by the accumulation of carbonated liquid so that when a
sufficient quantity has accumulated, the operation ceases, and starts again when the
supply is reduced; and in which a single automatically acting pump supplies liquid
to two or more carbonating chambers in which different pressures are maintained,
and from which the accumulated liquid may be drawn at the same time for different
purposes such as charging a soda water fountain and filling bottles;
I
Other objects of the invention are to provide other improvements in a carbonating
apparatus, whereby it is rendered entirely automatic so as to require no attention and
whereby it is rendered more highly efficient than heretofore.
J
1
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To these ends, the invention consists in the improvements which are clearly
illustrated upon the drawings and which are hereinafter fully described and set forth
in detail in the appended claims.
Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters and
figures inarked thereon, forming a part of this specification, the same letters
designating the same parts or features, as the case may be, wherever they
occur.
Of the drawings:-
3+
Figure 1 represents in front elevation a carbonating apparatus equipped with my
improvements.
U
Figure 2 represents a rear elevation of the same.
17
Figure 3 represents a longitudinal vertical section of that part of the carbonating
apparatus in which the liquid is commingled with the gas.
Figure 4 represents a transverse vertical section through the same.
Figure 5 represents a transverse horizontal section on the line 5-5 of
Figure 4.
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Figures 6 and 7 represent the regulating mechanism for the steam pump.
Figure 8 represents an injector. for forcing the surplus gas from a soda-water tank
or fountain which, is to be refilled, into the liquid supply for the pump.
Figures, 9, 10 and 11 represent another form of the invention in which a single
carbonating chamber is employed.
Figure 12 shows another form of casing for the carbonating chamber.
Figure 13 illustrates a form of bottom for the carbonating chamber.
761
Figure 14 illustrates the jointed rods for connecting the check valve and the
float.

page_text: Referring to the drawings, and more particularly to Figures 1 to 8,- indicates
the base of the apparatus upon which is supported the steam pump of any preferred
pattern. a' indicates the steam cylinder and a² the steam chest containing the valve
mechanism. The pumping cylinder a³ is provided with the dome a from which the
liquid is conducted to the carbonating apparatus through a main supply water or
liquid pipe b, steam being supplied to the engine from a boiler conveniently located,
and liquid being supplied to the pumping cylinder from any desired source.
The engine is provided with a regulator of well known construction and known as
the "Mason regulator" and indicated as a whole at a, connected with the liquid
dome a by a pipe aº.
The said regulator is placed in the steam pipe leading from the boiler to the
pump, the steam inlet being indicated at 2. The steam from the boiler enters the
duct 3, and passes through the port 4, which is kept open by the spring 5, to
the duct 6, to the under side of the differential piston 7, and raises the valve 8 to
open the port 9 through which the steam passes to the pump. This starts the
pump, which continues to force liquid into the dome, and pipe 6, until the desired
pressure is reached, whereupon, the liquid flowing through the pipe a enters the
inlet 10 to the chamber 11, below the diaphragm 12, raises the latter and closes
the port 4. By closing this valve the boiler pressure is shut off through the passage
or duct 6 from the differential piston 7, and the steam pressure immediately closes
the main valve 8, and no more steam is admitted to the pump, the latter remaining
inactive until the water pressure in the dome drops below the normal.
Supported upon standards as as arising from the base of the frame, is placed a
platform a³ to receive and support two carbonating apparatuses, each comprising a
receptacle c for the carbonated liquid, which is the product of the apparatus to be
described. Each receptacle or reservoir is provided with a suitable outlet c' through
which the carbonated liquid may be drawn off for use, and is surmounted by a
dome c² in turn surmounted by a carbonating chamber c³, in which the gas and
liquid are mechanically combined.
The upper portion of the chamber c³ is formed on the dome c², while the lower
portion is within the dome, and is formed by screwing the upper ends of two
tubes cc into openings formed in a partition c5 separating the dome and the
chamber. The said dome and chamber are elliptical in horizontal cross-section, as
shown in Fig. 5, to receive the two tubes c* c*, which are placed side by side, as
shown in Fig. 3.
It will be noted that a space or air trap of considerable area exists in the dome
above the outlets in the lower ends of the carbonating chambers, the object of this
air trap being explained hereinafter.
Upon the upper portion of the chamber c³ is bolted or otherwise secured the cap
plate formed with a liquid duct or inlet c', and with a gas inlet c8, and the tubes c² c
are formed at their lower ends with threads to receive the caps or end pieces cº formed
with apertures c10 through which the carbonated liquid finds outlet.
Both the inlets es c³ are connected to the pipe cu from which the gas is supplied
from a suitable flask or generator, not shown. Within each chamber c³ are placed
means for effecting a thorough mechanical combination between the gas and liquid
admitted through the inlets c³ c³.
Projecting down into the chamber c³ are two nozzles d d provided at their lower
ends with numerous small diverging perforations to deliver the liquid in diverging
small streams, said nozzles being arranged in the upper contracted necks d¹ of
chambers or casings d² d², as shown more particularly in Fig. 3.
The upper ends of the necks d¹ of the chambers d² are threaded and screwed into
the top cap plate co, and they are provided with orifices d communicating with the
interior of the chamber c3 and receiving the gas that enters therein. There is an
annular space between each nozzle & and the neck d¹, and the lower end of each
nozzle is below the gas admitting orifices d so that the nozzles act as injectors to
facilitate the passage of the gas into the casings d² d².

page_text: را
In each nozzle d is placed a strainer to strain the liquid before it passes into
the casing d². The top plate c is provided with apertures located above the nozzles d
and closed by removable threaded plugs de which are apertured as at d, and are
screwed down against the nozzles and the upper ends of the necks d to hold them in
place. By removing the plugs, the strainers and the nozzles may be easily removed
and cleansed.
In each casing d² is placed a metallic sponge composed of a series of layers of
wire cloth through which the gas and liquid pass downwardly, and by which the
liquid is minutely divided to facilitate the mechanical combination of the gas and
liquid. The mixture of liquid and gas is discharged through apertures in the
perforated bottom d10 of each casing into one of the tubes c, and passes through
another metallic sponge placed in the tube.
The water, thus charged, is so churned and agitated by passing through the wire
sponges in the tubes ct, that it gives up its excess of gas, which is discharged with it
into the reservoir or receptacle through the perforated bottoms of the said tubes.
This would cause the pressure in the reservoir to be greater than that in the
carbonating chamber, and hence, means must be provided for equalizing it. I provide
an equalizing tube e, shown more particularly in Fig. 4, and extending through the
partition e' from a point near the lower end of the tubes c to a point near the top
plate co and above the upper ends of the carbonating tubes . The lower end of the
tube e is connected to a cross-piece e¹ connecting the tubes c4 ct, and it is so arranged
between said tubes. By means of this tube e, the excess of gas escapes from
the reservoir into the chamber c³, and gas is delivered in the upper portion of the
chamber near the nozzles.
The carbonating liquid escaping from the outlets in the carbonating chambers
accumulates in the receptacle c, and thus has a tendency to expel from the liquid the
air that may be contained therein in consequence of the greater affinity of the liquid
for gas than for air. The air thus expelled accumulates in the upper portion of the
dome c², which as already stated, is caused by the downwardly projecting portions or
tubes c' of the carbonating chamber, to act as an air-trap, preventing the air from
passing upwardly into the carbonating chamber, (the equalizing tube extending to or
below the ends of the said tubes c¹). The air thus entrapped escapes through an air
blow-off valve k connected by a pipe with the upper portion of the dome c², said valve
being adjustable so that it will yield and perimit the escape of air at any desired
pressure.
Liquid is supplied to each of the inlets
pipe having two branches b1 62, connected with valve casings 63 secured upon plates b₁
from the pipe b before referred to, said
attached to the walls of the chambers c³. From each valve chamber 63 the liquid
passes through pipes 65 65 to the ducts or inlets c. A coupling 66 is arranged between
each pipe 65 and the inlet c and communicates with a casing having a
thermometer 68 to indicate the temperature of the water in the supply pipe. From
each valve chamber 63 extends a lever f into the chamber c3 and has its free end
connected by a rod f¹ with a ball or float f2 in the reservoir or receptacle c, said rod fl
projecting through a guide fal supported by the partition c5 and the cross bar e¹
between the tubes c¹.
Any preferred form of check valve may be employed, a suitable construction being
illustrated in Fig. 4, in which is the main valve formed to close a seat through which
liquid passes from the pipe b¹ (or 62) to the pipe 65, and normally held against its seat
by the spring x aided by water pressure on the upper side of the piston 2 on the
stem of the valve x. The piston fits the casing somewhat loosely so that water cau
pass from the pipe b¹ (or 62) to a chamber ³ in the upper portion of said casing.
5 is an auxiliary valve supported by the lever f, adapted to close the outlet a leading
from the chamber ³, so that when the float ascends by the accumulation of the
carbonated liquid the valve closes the outlet 6 and the accumulation, of liquid in
he chamber in connection, with the spring a closes the outlet through the
outlet into the pipe 65. When the float descends, the auxiliary valve opens the outlet
whereupon the liquid that flows around the piston x2 escapes into the chamber c³,

page_text: relieving the pressure above the piston x², so that the pressure from below the upper
part of said piston raises it and opens the valve.
Thus, when the carbonated liquid has accumulated sufficiently in either of the
reservoirs c to raise the float f2 therein, the valve is closed in the chamber 63 and
the supply of liquid to that reservoir or receptacle is cut off without affecting the
supply of water to the other reservoir or receptacle.
The float 2, as shown in Fig. 3, is of the following construction:-The metallic
shell is formed in two semi-spherical, or concavo-eonvex portions f³ f* overlapping at
their meeting edges, and soldered, or otherwise secured together, so as to be proof
against the entrance of liquid. Within the shell is a solid body fl of wood,
compressed paper, cork, or other material of a specific gravity less than that of water,
so that it will float, and passed diametrically therethrough, and through the portions
of the casing is the rod f1 threaded on its ends to engage internal threads, in pro-
jecting annular flanges ff, on the said portions of the shell. When the parts are
all secured in place, the rod f¹ is soldered to the said annular flanges, and the shell is
rendered water tight.
A float constructed in this way is capable of withstanding a very high external
pressure, without danger of collapsing, is light enough for the purpose for which it
is intended and is cheap and easily made.
The pressure of the water delivered to that one of the reservoirs in which the
greatest pressure is maintained is regulated by the regulator a³, there being a suitable
reducing valve 620 in the branch b¹ for the other reservoir, so that water may be
admitted to the two cylinders c c under different pressures, any suitable pressure
regulator such as the well known "Mason regulator" being used. Cut off valves g gin
pipes 61, 62, are provided for each reservoir, to cut off water when desired either from
one or both of the cylinders c, c. Between the pipe c" and each of the gas inlets c³ are
placed regulators h h, so that the pressure of gas admitted to the carbonating chambers
may be varied as desired, the pressure in the receptacles being indicated by the
gages ii communicating with the interior of the domes c2 by elbows i¹¹.
Now from the foregoing, it will be seen that the single pump supplies the liquid
under proper pressure to the carbonating chambers, and that the gas may be supplied
to said chambers under different pressures so that in one chamber a pressure of, say,
180 pounds is maintained, while in the other a pressure of 60 pounds is maintained.
Thus, while the two carbonating apparatuses are practically independent of each
other, yet they are both fed from the same sources of supply, the gas and liquid being
supplied to each automatically at the desired pressure and in the desired amount.
Hence, carbonated liquid may be drawn from one of the receptacles for the purpose of
charging a fountain, and may be drawn from the other receptacle for filling bottles or
for any other desired purpose.
In case the pressure of the liquid increases slightly above the normal, the steam is
cut off from the pump by means of the regulator as, and the pump ceases to act
until the proper pressure is restored, after which it begins again to force the liquid
into the carbonating chambers the operation being the same as in the well known
"Mason pumps" for controlling the pressure of water. The gas is supplied to both
chambers from the same flask or generator, the supply to each chamber being con
trolled by an independent regulator which permits the gas to enter under any desired
pressure.
11
The outlet c¹ of the high pressure reservoir c is connected by a pipe to a
coupling m, from which extends a pipe n, as shown in Fig. 1, in which is placed a
cut-off valve n. A pipe having therein a cut-off valve 12 extends from the dome c
of the carbonating chamber c³ to the coupling m, and is provided with a pressure
gage between the valve and the coupling. Another pipe o having a cut-off
valve o¹ connects the coupling with an inspirator in injector p¹ arranged in the liquid
supply pipe a¹. The end of the said pipe is connected by a union coupling with a
nozzle 02, which extends into a chamber or casing o³ in the said supply pipe, and
which is formed with fine perforations in its end, as shown. The casing is perforated

page_text: points between the ends of the nozzle, and is constructed to recei
a wire sponge 05, consisting of disks or layers of wire cloth.
A thermometer q is connected with the coupling m and the mercury bulb
arranged so as to be in contact with the contents thereof.
5 struction, as described, is as follows:-
The purpose of the co
In recharging a fountain, the pipe n is connected thereunto as by a hose pipe, an
the valve n is opened. This allows the gas in the fountain to flow into th
coupling m and the pressure thereof is indicated by the gage . If there be a
excess of gas, the valve o' is opened and the gas passes through the inspirator int
10 the liquid supply pipe a into the pump.
liquid into contact with the gas, and the two are so thoroughly combined and
The nozzle acts as an injector to draw th
commingled by the wire sponge as not to interfere with the working of the pump
This, I prefer to do, instead of discharging the gas into the open air and wasting it
since it is then forced back into the carbonating chambers and is saved.
15
If, however, on reading the gage, it was found that the pressure in the fountain
was below the normal, the valve 12 was opened and gas was forced thereinto from the
carbonating chamber. Then closing the valves of and 12 the valves 10 and n. are
opened, and carbonated liquid is introduced into the fountain until the desired amount
is charged therein, as evidenced by the gage, and the valves 10 and n¹ are closed.
The thermometer q shows the temperature of the carbonated liquid, so that the
operator is enabled to determine the limit of pressure in the fountain.
If desired the other outlet c¹ may be provided with a similarly arranged set of
pipes, although I prefer in most cases to employ the other reservoir for other purposes
in which a high pressure is not necessary.
८
In Figs. 9 to 14, inclusive, I have illustrated a carbonating apparatus in which a
single carbonating chamber is employed. This carbonating chamber c³ has a
single downwardly projecting tube c with a bottom c¹ closed except for the
outlet c¹4 If desired, the bottom may have a circle of perforations c15, as shown in
Fig. 13.
In this event, the guide tube for the float rod f passes through the wire sponge
in the tube c' and is threaded at its lower end into the bottom co of the tube ct.
On the upper end of the said tube fa is a nut f32 which operates to hold the layers
of wire in place.
The liquid entering the supply pipe which corresponds to the supply pipes b
and 62 in Figure 2, passes into the valve casing 3 and from said valve casing into
a passage t2 formed in the casing, and from the latter passage through the
passage t¹ also formed in the casing, into the chamber t and thence from the
chamber t to the liquid inlet s and from the liquid inlet s into and through
the perforations d', Figure 14, into the upper end of the nozzle d.
The casing 3 contains a main valve t held against a seat by the spring to and
operating to permit the flow of liquid through the passages only when the
auxiliary valve t' is lowered by the lever t³, as herein before described.
The gas is admitted to the inlet u from a suitable source of supply (which may
be a generator or a flask in which the liquified gas under heavy pressure is stored)
by means of a pipe u¹ connected with the flask, or other source of gas supply, a
ozzle u² connected with the pipe u' and having a contracted bore or passage u³
orined at an angle, and a chamber v surmounting the casing t and receiving the
as that enters through the nozzle u³. The gas passes from the chamber through
pipe connected by a coupling or fitting v2 with the chamber v, and extending
ownwardly through the casing t, there being a helical extension 3 of said pipe vi
xtending out through the casing to the gas inlet u.
An automatic valve regulates the flow of gas from the nozzle u³, said valve
omprising a tapered pointed screw w, adjustably inserted in a yoke w¹, which is
pported by a flexible diaphragm in the upper portion of the chamber v,
d is pressed downwardly by a spring in a casing w affixed to the top of
e chamber v, the pressure of said spring being adjustable by means of a
rew w³.
-

page_text: The diaphragm 2 is subjected to pressure of gas in the chamber v and when
the pressure exceeds a predetermined degree, the diaphragm is raised against the
pressure of the spring w³ causing the screw to close the nozzle u³.
It will be observed that the fitting 2 which forms the bottom portion of the
chamber also forms the top of the casing t which is a part of the liquid conduit
so that the liquid in the casing & comes in contact with the fitting v².
The object of this arrangement is to prevent the freezing of the gas in the
chamber vand in the tube sufficient heat being absorbed from the liquid
and conducted through the fitting and the walls of the tube v v³ to prevent
freezing in consequence of the reduction of temperature due to the expansion of gas
as it enters the chamber v. Incidentally, the liquid in performing its function has
its temperature reduced,-a result which is obviously desirable.
The apparatus is provided with a blow-off ?, communicating with the air trap iu
the liquid receptacle, there being a pressure gage 71, as shown in Fig. 9.
The lever to which as hereinbefore described operates the auxiliary valve 7 of the
liquid check valve, is forked at its outer end as shown in Fig. 14, and is connected
with a fork f33 secured to the upper end of the stem or rod which is connected to
the float and the guide sleeve ƒ³ has a bore sufficiently large to allow the gas to
flow past the rod f from the liquid receptacle into the carbonating chamber, for the
purpose of equalizing the pressure in the two compartments.
In Fig. 12, I have shown the casing 2 as provided with a cup d20 located below its
inlet, and discharge apertures, and provided with perforations d¹. This cup may be
used instead of the wire sponge, if desired, since the perforations d¹ are located above
the botton thereof, and cause the liquid and gas to be sprayed against the inner walls
of the casing d² and commingled.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
1. An apparatus of the character specified, comprising a reservoir or casing having.
a gas inlet and a liquid inlet, a chamber arranged in said casing and connected with
the liquid inlet by a perforated nozzle whereby gas is drawn into said chamber by the
liquid, and means in said chamber between the outlet therefrom and the nozzle for
subdividing and mechanically combining the gas and liquid.
2. An apparatus of the character specified, comprising a reservoir or casing having
a gas-inlet, a liquid inlet, a gas and liquid receiving chamber within the casing
communicating with the liquid-inlet and provided at its upper portion with a gas-
inducing liquid supply nozzle, and below said nozzle with means for subdividing the
gas and liquid, and additional subdividing means extending across the casing below
the outlet of said chamber.
3. An apparatus of the character specified, comprising a reservoir of casing having
a gas-inlet, a liquid inlet, a chamber in said casing having a tubular neck connected
with the liquid-inlet, said neck having gas-supply openings, a gas-inducing liquid-
supply nozzle in said neck, and means within the chamber for mechanically com-
bining the gas and liquid.
4. An apparatus of the character specified, comprising a reservoir or casing having
a gas inlet and a liquid inlet in its upper portion and a space for the accumulation
of carbonated liquid in its lower portion, means for mechanically combining gas and
liquid above said space, a valve-casing connected with the reservoir and having a
portion projecting into the reservoir, a main valve and an auxiliary valve in said
casing, and a float within the reservoir arranged to act on the auxiliary valve.
5. An apparatus of the character specified, comprising a chamber or casing having
a liquid-inlet, a gas inlet, and an outlet for carbonated liquid, means in said casing
for mechanically combining the liquid and gas which enter it, said means comprising
an injector nozzle; a carbonated liquid receptacle communicating with said outlet ;
a liquid conduit connected with the liquid inlet; an automatic check valve operated
by an accumulation of carbonated liquid to close said conduit; and a steam-pump

page_text: conduit and with a source of liquid supply, the action of sai
pump being stopped by the closing of the automatic check-valve.
6. An apparatus of the character specified, comprising a chamber or casing havin
a liquid inlet, a gas-inlet, and means for mechanically combining liquid and ga
5 admitted through said inlets; a liquid conduit connected with the liquid inlet and
including a casing or enlargemeat, and a gas conduit connected with the gas inlet
and including a chamber having an automatic gas valve, a portion of said gas
conduit passing through the casing.
7. An apparatus of the character specified, comprising a carbonating chamber, a
0 receptacle for carbonated liquid below the carbonating chamber, and an intermediate
air-trap having an automatic blow off valve.
8. An apparatus of the character specified, comprising a carbonating chamber, a
carbonated liquid receptacle below said chamber, an intermediate air chamber or
space communicating with the liquid receptacle, an elongated outlet extending from
5 the carbonating chamber below the upper portion of the air chamber, and an auto-
matic blow off valve connected with the air chamber.
9. An apparatus of the character specified, comprising a
receptacle having a dome, a carbonating chamber a portion of which is located above
carbonated liquid
and a portion within said dome, and means for removing air from the dome.
10. An apparatus of the character specified, comprising a carbonated-liquid
receptacle having a dome, a carbonating chamber a portion of which is located
above and a portion within said dome, the said carbonating chamber having a guide
in its lower portion, a float in the reservoir below the carbonating chamber, a rod
or stem on said float extending through said guide, a check valve controlling the
entrance of liquid into the carbonating chamber, and connections between the float
rod and check valve.
11. An apparatus of the character specified, comprising a carbonating chamber
having a liquid inlet and a gas inlet, a casing within said chamber having provisions
for receiving and mixing gas and liquid, a check valve controlling the admission of
liquid to said chamber and casing, a lever connected to said valve and forked at one
end to partially embrace said casing, a liquid receptacle below the carbonating
chamber and provided with a dome that encloses a part of the said chamber, a float in
said liquid receptacle, and a rod secured to the float and extending through a guide
in the bottom of the carbonating chamber, said rod having a fork at its upper end
that partly embraces the casing in the carbonating chamber and is connected with the
forked end of the lever.
12. An apparatus of the character specified, comprising a carbonated liquid
receptacle having a dome, a carbonating chamber a portion of which is located above
and a portion within said dome, a series of wire disks in the lower portion of the
casing, a tube affixed to the bottom of the casing and projecting upwardly through
he series of disks, and a disk-clamping device on the upper end of the tube.
13. In an apparatus of the character specified, a
comprising a casing having means for the admission of liquid and gas to its upper
mechanical mixing device
bortion, and discharge orifices at its lower portion, and a cup located between the
eceiving and discharge ends of the casing and having a closed bottom and outlets
bove said bottom.
14. An apparatus of the character specified, comprising two or more carbonating
hambers and receptacles, a gas supply connected to each of said chambers, means
terposed between each chamber and the gas supply for regulating the passage of
as therein, and maintaining sufficient pressures in said chambers and receptacles,
eans for supplying liquid to both of said chambers, and means for regulating the
ressure of the liquid introduced
aving independent outlets, whereby the carbonated liquid may be simultaneously
into said chambers, said
ed for different purposes.
receptacles
15. An apparatus of the character specified, comprising separate reservoirs, each
ving means for commingling gas and liquid, a gas supply connected to both
servoirs, means interposed between the gas supply and the reservoirs for introducing

page_text: gas thereto at different pressures, means controlled by the accumulation of carbonated
liquid for supplying liquid to said reservoirs in the proper amount, and means for
regulating the pressure of the liquid introduced into said reservoirs, said reservoirs
having independent outlets.
16. An apparatus of the character specified, comprising separate reservoirs, each
having means for commingling gas and liquid, a gas supply connected to both
reservoirs, means interposed between the gas supply and the reservoirs for introducing
gas thereto at different pressures, a pump for supplying liquid to said reservoirs,
means for regulating the amount of liquid introduced into said reservoirs, and a
regulator controlled by the water pressure for regulating the admission of steam to
the pump.
17. An apparatus of the character specified, comprising a chamber or casing having
a liquid inlet, a gas inlet, and an outlet for the carbonated liquid; means in said
chamber for mechanically combining the liquid and gas which enter it, and including
an injector nozzle; a carbonated liquid receptacle communicating with the outlet; a
liquid conduit connected with the liquid inlet, an automatic check valve operated by
the accumulation of carbonated liquid to close said conduit; a steam pump connected
with said conduit and with a source of liquid supply; and a regulator connected with
the liquid conduit and controlling the entrance of steam to the pump, whereby the
action of the pump is stopped when the pressure of water increases beyond a
predetermined point.
18. An apparatus of the character specified, comprising a carbonating chamber, a
receptacle for carbonated liquid below the carbonating chamber, and into which the
carbonating chamber partially extends, means' in the carbonating chamber for
commingling and combining the liquid and gas, and a duet connecting said chainber
and said receptacle for equalizing the pressure therein.
a
19. An apparatus of the character specified, comprising a carbonating chamber,
receptacle for carbonating liquid below the carbonating chamber, and into which the
carbonating chamber partially extends, means in the carbonating chamber for comming-
ling and combining the liquid and gas, and a duct connecting said chamber and said
receptacle for equalizing the pressure therein.
20. An apparatus of the character specified, comprising a carbonating chamber, a
receptacle for carbonated liquid below the carbonating chamber, said carbonating
chamber having a portion in the form of a tube extending downwardly into the
receptacle, and containing means for agitating the carbonated liquid, and a tube
connecting the chamber and the receptacle for equalizing the pressure therein, said
tube projecting above the agitating means in the carbonating chamber.
21. An apparatus of the character specified, comprising a receptacle for the
carbonated liquid, a carbonated chamber separated from the receptacle by a partition,
and having one or more injector nozzles connected with a liquid supply inlet, a gas
inlet, and two or more tubes projecting down into the receptacle and secured in
apertures in the partition, said tubes having meaus therein for commingling gas and
liquid.
22. An apparatus of the character specified, comprising a receptacle for the carbon-
ated liquid, a carbonating chamber above the receptacle, a liquid inlet, a gas inlet,
casings in said chamber communicating with said liquid inlet, and having means
therein' for commingling gas and liquid, and tubes each arranged below one of the
said casings, and having means therein for further commingling the gas and
liquid.
23. An apparatus of the character specified, comprising a reservoir, having an out-
let, a carbonating chamber communicating therewith, and having a gas and a liquid
inlet, means in said chamber for' commingling gas and liquid, a liquid duct leading
from said outlet, a gas duct leading from the carbonating chamber, and communicating
with said liquid duct, and a pipe connected with said ducts, whereby a fountain may
be connected with said pipe, and may be properly charged with gas and filled with
carbonated liquid.
•

page_text: 24. An apparatus of the character specified, comprising a reservoir having an out-
let, a carbonating chamber communicating therewith, and having a gas and a liquid
inlet, means in said chamber for.commingling gas and liquid, a liquid duct leading
from said outlet a gas duct leading from the carbonating chamber, a coupling
5 between said ducts, valves in said ducts, a pressure gage communicating with said
ducts, between said valves, and a pipe communicating. with said coupling for the
purpose set forth.
25. An apparatus of the character specified, comprising a reservoir having an out-
let, a carbonating chamber communicating therewith, and having a gas and a liquid
inlet, means in said chamber for commingling gas and liquid, a liquid duct leading
from said outlet, a gas duct leading from the carbonating chamber, a coupling
between said ducts, valves in said ducts, a pressure gage communicating with said
ducts, hetween said valves, a pipe communicating with said coupling, and a discharge
pipe communicating with said coupling, for the purpose set forth.
26. An apparatus of the character specified, comprising a reservoir baving an out-
let, a carbonating chamber communicating therewith, and having a gas and liquid
inlet, means in said chamber for commingling gas and liquid, a pump for supplying
liquid to the said liquid inlet of the carbonating chamber, a liquid duct leading from
the outlet of the reservoir, a gas duct leading from the carbonating chamber, and com-
municating with the liquid duct, an inspirator connected with said ducts and located in
the liquid inlet of the pump, and a pipe communicating with said ducts and inspirator,
and adapted to be connected to a fountain, substantially for the purpose set forth.
27. In an apparatus of the character specified, comprising a reservoir or casing, a
chamber arranged in said casing and communicating therewith, independent inlets for
the liquid and gas, means for bringing the liquid and gas into the presence of each
other in said chamber, and a wire sponge through which the liquid and gas subse-
quently pass for sub-dividing and mechanically combining the gas and liquid.
28. In an apparatus of the character specified, comprising a reservoir or casing, a
chamber arranged in said casing and communicating therewith, independent inlets
for the liquid and gas, means for bringing the liquid and gas into the presence of
each other in said chamber, and a wire sponge through which the liquid and gas
subsequently pass located within said chamber for sub-dividing and mechanically
combining the gas and liquid.
29. An apparatus of the character specified, comprising a reservoir or casing,
independent inlets for the liquid and gas, a chamber arranged in said casing and
connected with the liquid inlet by a perforated nozzle whereby gas is drawn into said
chamber by the liquid, and means through which the liquid and gas subsequently
pass located adjacent to said nozzle for subdividing and mechanically combining the
gas and liquid.
30. An apparatus of the character specified, comprising a reservoir or casing,
independent inlets for the liquid and gas, a chamber arranged in said casing and
connected with the liquid inlet by a perforated nozzle whereby gas is drawn into
said chamber by the liquid, and a wire sponge through which the liquid and gas
subsequently pass located adjacent to the nozzle for sub-dividing and mechanically
combining the gas and liquid.
31. An apparatus of the character specified, comprising a reservoir or casing,
independent inlets for the liquid and gas, a chamber located in said casing and
connected with the liquid inlet by a gas inducing liquid supply nozzle provided with
diverging outlet perforations whereby gas is drawn into said chamber by the liquid,
and means through which the liquid and gas subsequently pass located adjacent to
the nozzle for sub-dividing and mechanically combining the gas and liquid.
32. An apparatus of the character specified, comprising a reservoir or casing,
independent inlets for the liquid and gas, a chamber located in said casing and
connected with the liquid inlet by a gas inducing liquid supply nozzle provided with
diverging outlet perforations whereby gas is drawn into said chamber by the liquid,
and a wire sponge through which the liquid and gas subsequently pass located

page_text: adjacent to the nozzle for sub-dividing and mechanically combining the gas and
liquid.
33. An apparatus of the character specified, comprising a reservoir or casing,
independent inlets for the liquid and gas, a chamber located in said reservoir and
connected with the liquid inlet by a gas inducing liquid supply nozzle provided with
outlet perforations whereby gas is drawn into said chamber by the liquid, a strainer
for the liquid located in said nozzle, and means in said chamber between the outlet
therefrom and the nozzle for subdividing and mechanically combining the gas and
liquid.
34. An apparatus of the character specified, comprising a carbonating chamber,
independent inlets for the liquid and gas, a casing in the upper portion of the chamber
having provisions for mechanically mixing the gas and liquid and for discharging the
mixture and a wire sponge in the lower portion of the carbonating chamber which
receives the said mixture, the said carbonating chamber having an outlet below said
wire sponge through which the carbonated liquid passes.
35. In combination with a closed receptacle, a valve casing connected to said
receptacle and having a portion projecting into said receptacle, a liquid inlet connected
to said valve casing, a liquid conduit between the inner and outer portions of the
valve casing, a main valve located in a portion of the valve casing outside of the
closed receptacle and controlling the passage leading to said closed receptacle, an
auxiliary valve located in the portion of the valve casing within the closed receptacle,
and a float within the receptacle arranged to act on the auxiliary valve, the
said auxiliary valve adapted by the rising or falling of the float to close or open said
liquid conduit.
36. The combination with a closed receptacle, a valve casing connected to said
receptacle and having a portion projecting into said receptacle, a liquid inlet connected
to said valve casing, a liquid conduit between the inner and outer portions of the
valve casing, a main valve located in a portion of the valve casing outside of the closed
receptacle and controlling the passage leading to said closed receptacle, an auxiliary
valve located in the portion of the valve casing within the closed receptacle, a float
within the receptacle arranged to act on the auxiliary valve, said auxiliary valve being
adapted by the rising or falling of the float to close or open said liquid conduit, and
a steam pump, the action of said pump being stopped by the closing of said liquid
conduit by said auxiliary valve.
Dated this 19th day of December 1907
JENSEN & SON,
77, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Patent Agents.