IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR EXTRACTING OILS FROM OLEAGINOUS SEEDS AND NUTS, AND MAKING OIL CAKE OR COMPOUND. CAKE FOR CATTLE FEEDING
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Fawcett, of Kirton-in-Lindsey, in the County
of Lincoln, for the Invention of "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR EXTRACTING
OILS FROM OLEAGINOUS SEEDS AND NUTS, AND MAKING OIL CAKE OR COMPOUND.
CAKE FOR CATTLE FEEDING."
Sealed the 11th February 1868, and dated the 13th August 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Fawcett at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
August 1867.
I, JOHN FAWCETT, of Kirton-in-Lindsey, in the County of Lincoln, do'
5 hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR
EXTRACTING OILS FROM OLEAGINOUS SEEDS AND NUTS, AND MAKING OIL CARE OR
COMPOUND CAKE FOR CATTLE FEEDING," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the expression of oils from oleaginous
seeds and nuts, and the production of oil cake or compound cake for cattle
feeding. Heretofore this has been effected by placing the meal (formed by
grinding the seeds or nuts to be operated upon) in bags made of wool, which
were then placed within wrappers of hair or metal substitutes and placed in
boxes or compartments of a press; so as to be acted upon by screw or hydraulic
pressure. The press contained from four to six cakes for each operation.
The oil when expressed is caught in any suitable receptacle placed below, and
the cake or residuum left in the bags is used for cattle food,,and is in fact
the oil and feeding cake of commerce.
By my Invention I am enabled to dispense with woollen bags, hair, cloth, or
metal wrappers, and in place thereof I use a series of metal or wooden boxes
or frames, open at top and bottom, and with their edges notched or perforated

page_text: in order to allow the oil to flow out when the meal is submitted to pressure.
The meal is placed in the first frame, which is to be filled up level, and then
a metal plate provided with a perforated rim and a woollen cloth cover is
placed thereon; then a second frame and another supply of meal, which is also
covered by a plate and woollen cloth, and so on, piling up the frames with the
meal in them until the přess is quite full. The hydraulic pump is then set to
work to give the necessary pressure upon the ground meal, and this pressure
compresses the meal and drives down the metal plates and woollen cloth in
the frames or open boxes, and by this means forces out the oil through the
openings in the frames and rims of the plates. The oil thus expressed flows
out through the sides of the frames, and is conveyed by gutters or channels
into the tanks or cisterns below. The press may have a table provided at the
bottom with the channel for receiving the oil, or each of the separate frames
or boxes may be provided with a gutter or channel to receive the oil. The
metal plates are protected by the woollen cloth to prevent the meal from being
pressed into one lump; and these plates are provided with rims or flanges to
prevent the meal from being squeezed out laterally. If separate boxes are
employed they may after being thus filled and prepared be run on rails fixed
on one or both sides of the press, or moved by swivel or turntables under the
block or plunger, so as to be acted upon by the bydraulic pump, the oil will
then escape by the openings and will flow through the channel provided for it
on the table, and from thence into the tank. By means of this compound
press I am enabled to prepare or compress several cakes at one operation with
less labour than heretofore. A great saving in the cost of woollen bagging,
hairs, or metal substitutes is also effected, and cakes of one uniform size and
weight are produced. The machinery required to effect these results is less
costly than that heretofore employed, as one press and pump will do the work
the old lon
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Fawcett in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 13th g
February 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
FAWCETT, of Kirton-in-Lindsey, in the County of Lincoln, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of August, in the year of our 2
Lord One thousand, eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirty-first year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, grant unto me, the

page_text: said John Fawcett, Her special licence, that I, the said John Fawcett, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said John.
Fawcett, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree.
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR Ex-
TRACTING OILS FROM OLEAGINOUS SEEDS AND NUTS, AND MAKING OIL CAKE OR
COMPOUND CAKE FOR CATTLE FEEDING," upon the condition (amongst others) that
I, the said John Fawcett, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their bands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that 1, the said John Fawcett, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement,
reference being had to the Drawings hereunto aunexed, and to the letters and
figures marked thereon (that is to say) :-
My Invention of "Improved Apparatus for Extracting Oils from Oleaginous
Seeds and Nuts, and Making Oil Cake or Compound Cake for Cattle Feeding,"
has for its object to dispense with the use of woollen or hair bags, and to so
arrange the working parts that the pressing operation may be conducted with
greater facility than heretofore. The presses now in use for expressing oils
from oleaginous substances are arranged in fixed compartments or boxes, each
of which contains a woollen bag with the crushed material enclosed, in a
wrapper of hair or a metal substitute. Each press is provided with from four
to six boxes (seldom more than four), and when the bags are filled and placed
in the boxes they are acted upon by bydraulic pressure, so as to express
the oil from the substance operated upon. When meal made from oleaginous
seeds or nuts is submitted to this pressure the oil is carried forward. by gutters
and caught in tanks placed below, and the residuum left in the bags is the
oil cake of commerce.
n
By my Invention I am enabled to dispense with this internal arrangement
of the present presses for oil extracting or cake making, and I do away with
the fixed boxes, woollen bags, hairs, or metal substitutes, and in place of these
arrangements 1 either substitute a series of loose metal or wooden boxes or
frames open at top and bottom, and divided by corrugated loose metal plates,

page_text: protected by woollen cloths to divide the material into layers; or.I use plates
with metal boxes or frames open top and bottom, which plates and boxes may
be placed on tables or shelves provided in the press to receive them, as
described hereafter.
.
In Sheet I. of the accompanying Drawings I have shewn various views of
a press without shelves, but provided with loose frames and plates.
Fig. 1 is a sectional elevation of the machine; Fig. 2 is a sectional plan
view; and Fig: 3 is an end elevation.
The moveable frames A, which are shewn detached in plan and elevation at
Fig. 4, are each provided with perforations or openings through their sides, as
indicated by the dotted lines in the Figures, for the easy escape of the oil
when oleaginous meals are being operated upon. The meal or vegetable
mixture may be filled into the frames A when they are out of the press, and
when filled up level a metal corrugated plate a, shewn detached in plan and
section at Figures 5, is placed thereon; this, plate is provided with a woollen
cloth cover to prevent its adhering to the plate. A second frame A with
another supply of oleaginous meal or cake mixture, as before, is then placed
on the first frame, and the second lot of meal is also covered by a plate and
woollen cloth, and so on, piling up the frames a with the cake mixture filled
into the separate frames and with the corrugated plates until the press is quite
full. The hydraulic pump E below is then set to work to give the necessary"
pressure by forcing up the frames so as to bring the meal in the top frame
against the metal block B, which will compress the oil or cake meal and will
drive down the metal plates a in the frames or open boxes A, and by this
means force out the oil through the openings in the frames: The oil when
thus expressed will flow out through the sides of the frames, and will run down
into and be conveyed away by gutters or channels C into the tanks.or. cisterns
below, but not shewn in the Drawing. .
In Sheet 11. I have shewn another kind of press, which is provided with
tables or shelves within the press so arranged as to be provided with a gutter
or channel to receive the oil from each individual set of plates and frames on
each table or shelf.
.
1
Fig. 1 is a sectional elevation of the machine; Fig. 2 is a sectional plan
view; Fig. 3 is an end elevation; Fig. 4° represents one of the open boxes
B detached; Fig. 5ª is a plan of one of the tables or shelves on which the
open boxes B and plates Care placed. The open boxes and plates may be
arranged for one or more cakes in each, and for more than one box on each
shelf or table.
The corrugated plates C on which the boxes B are fitted are
covered with woollen cloths in. order to prevent the meal from adhering to

page_text: the plates when the boxes or frames are filled and placed on other shelves as
shewn at Fig. 1. The press shewn in this Figure has six shelves (three
only of which are shewn) to receive boxes and plates arranged to press four
cakes on each at one operation. When all the boxes are filled and the,plates
are properly arranged the hydraulic pump is set to work, and each table or
shelf with its charge of meal is carried up in succession to receive the pressure
from the wood or metal block C¹ secured to the under side of each shelf; the
shelves are kept in place hy stops or guides secured to the columns D. The
oil liberated by the pressure is carried forward by the gutters on each shelf,
and is conveyed into tanks or cisterns conveniently arranged for the purpose.
This press can be worked from both sides. The plates C and boxes B used
for pressing the oleaginous seeds or nuts are provided with openings or
perforations to allow of the escape of the oil; these presses may be made
either single or double. The frames or boxes B and plates C are provided
with rims or flanges to strengthen them against lateral pressure; the frames
or boxes may be filled in or charged when out of the press, and the employ-
ment of double sets will admit of one set being prepared or charged whilst the
other set is receiving pressure. The frames or boxes may be moved in or out
by hand, or by swivels or turntables, and a rail may with great advantage be
used when a number have to be run in or out of the press.
.
The presses above described are not only arranged for pressing oleaginous
meals, but they may be specially adapted for making cakes from mixed
provenders, cut hay, straw, and corn. Cattle food prepared from a mixture
of Brewers' grains, malt, coombes, with or without the admixture of ground
meal or prepared roots, may also be formed into cakes in my improved
presses.
I claim as my Invention the use of loose open boxes and plates arranged
and worked as herein set forth for oil extracting and cake making as
distinguished from the presses now in use, and whereby the use of woollen
bags, hairs, or metal substitutes may be dispensed with.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Fawcett, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Thirteenth day of February, in the year of our
Lord Oue thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight.
JOHN FAWCETT. (L.S.)