New Means for Propelling through the Air, in Water, or on Land.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 12th June, 1897
Contato Cannifination Loft 14th Mor 1000 Accented 11th June 1898
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
New Means for Propelling through the Air, in Water, or on Land.
I, HENRY JENNER DUFFERIN, Designer and Mechanician, Native of Lancaster,
Lancashire, England, temporarily residing at No. 1061, First Avenue, New York,
United States of America (an humble subject of Victoria the Greatest, Queen of
Great Britain and Ireland, Empress of India), do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows:-
All vehicles or bodies which are to have motion of translation, depend for such
motion from place to place upon power and a resistance against which such power
acts as for example does the locomotive wherein the power is generated and which
power acts against the resistance constituted by the friction between the driving
wheels and the rails; again, the power is generated within a steamship, while the
water through which the vessel is propelled constitutes the resistance. In like
manner the balloon depends for its ascension upon the difference in weight of a
volume of air being displaced by the lighter gas within the envelope and would
be powerless to ascend in vacuo, hence in this case the body i.e. the balloon, is
dependent on the resistance offered by the air.
Many such similar examples might be enumerated all of which would only
render it evident that the power is generated or communicated to the body to be
moved while the resistance exists outside and apart from each body, and in the
absence of such resistance, motion of translation cannot take place.
Now my invention refers to means or apparatus whereby the object or body is
caused or constructed to contain within itself, both the power and the resistance,
and can be applied to giving motion to vehicles in any direction either horizontal or
vertical, and to either the propulsion or steering, or both, of floating bodies, ships,
or vessels, of any kind, or description.
I will firstly describe my invention in connection with a vehicle or body which
will be self moving in any direction, say for example, in a vertical direction, that
is to constitute a self lifting vehicle.
Within a suitable framing or superstructure I provide resistance chambers which
may be composed of vertical cylindrical chambers which are charged with five
per cent. of olive oil, and five per cent. of water, that is, measured by volume as
compared with the inside cubical contents of the resistance chambers.
The chambers are connected by tubes to an air pump provided with a pressure
gauge, and within each of the chambers there is a cylinder or what I may call
a vacuum tube having a piston. The vacuum tubes in which the pistons work
are supported within the resistance chambers by perforated partitions or
diaphragms, and the said tubes are closed at their upper ends by valves, which
only open outwards from the interior of the tubes. The resistance chambers are
closed top and bottom, and the vacuum tubes which are open at their lower ends
are supported at a short distance from the bases of the resistance chambers by
lower perforated partitions.
The rods of the pistons located in the tubes pass through stuffing boxes in the bases
of the resistance chambers and are connected to crossheads sliding in guides, and the

page_text: crossheads have jointed thereto, connecting rods which are again jointed to the
crank pins of cranks upon parallel crank shafts. Upon the crank shafts are
pinions, which respectively gear with two spur wheels each of the latter being
mounted upon an independent shaft, while the said spur wheels also gear with each
other. It is to these shafts carrying the spur wheels that a convenient power is
applied and the shafts thereby rotated.
Supposing the resistance chambers to be charged with five per cent. of olive oil,
and five per cent. of water that is measured by volume, as compared to the inside
cubical contents of the resistance chambers, and the atmospheric pressure within
the resistance chambers now being normal, sufficient resistance is furnished to
the applied power to admit of the vehicle lifting a small load in addition to its
own weight.
When it is required to carry a load in excess of the normal resistance, the air
pump is put in operation, until the required pressure to resist such load is
indicated on the pressure gauge. Therefore it will be seen that the resistance may
be increased to the utmost limit of the structural strength of the vehicle to carry
said load. Of course, the power employed must be at least equal to the resistance
generated within the resistance chambers.
The vacuum within the vacuo tubes is maintained by the action of the valves,
which open outward from the vacuo tubes, and into the dome of the resistance
chambers, and these valves yield to any extraneous pressure which may accumulate
within the vacuo tubes between the plungers and the relief valves during the down-
ward stroke of the pistons. By that means the upward stroke of the pistons is
free from resistance, all resistance being offered to the downward stroke of the
pistons. On this positive resistance and negative influence of the vacuum main-
tained in the vacuo tube above the plunger depends the upward motion of the
vehicle.
The action is as follows:-The air pump being put in operation, air is forced
into the resistance chambers through the pipes communicating therewith, until
the required pressure within the pressure chambers is attained, (the amount of
which varies with the load to be carried); the pressure is indicated on the pressure
gauge, then the supply is discontinued. The resistance chambers being charged,
the power is applied at the crank or cranks upon the spur wheel shaft or shafts, to
impart rotary motion to the pinions.
The cranks together with the connecting rods, the cross heads, and the piston
rods, carrying the plungers of one set of vacuum tubes ascend, and at the same
instant, the duplicate parts of another set of vacuum tubes with those just
described move in the reverse directions.
The elements of resistance contained in the resistance chambers, resist the
descent of the plungers in the vacuum tubes, which in turn re-acts on the cranks.
The dynamic action thus produced is converted into statical pressure at the center
of motion on the crank shafts.
Action and re-action being equal and contrary it follows that the crank shafts
must ascend, statically, it is true, in relation to the vehicle, but dynamically in
relation to the earth and external matter.
Hence, the dynamical force thus established throughout the vehicle is directly
opposed to the force of gravity. Therefore the power and the resistance being
continued under the conditions just described, the vehicle must rise from the earth
in response to said power and resistance, acting within the mechanism which is
inclosed in the body of the vehicle.
In applying my invention to driving mechanism which may be employed as a
substitute for the paddle wheel and the screw propeller, I provide two steam
cylinders constructed in the ordinary and well known manner of high pressure
cylinders. Or one may be constructed as a low pressure, or compound cylinder.
There is no link motion, nor reversing mechanism in connection with the cylinders.
One cylinder is placed and secured directly above, and in a parallel line with the
other, and the piston rod of each cylinder is connected to cross-heads, and to the

page_text: same cross-heads are attached two connecting rods. The front ends of these two
rods are secured to a lever which I call a recomposite lever, which is mounted upon
a horizontal axis or shaft carried by the framework, and on which the lever rocks.
The steam cylinder slide valves are connected to the recomposite lever.
I provide a second rocking lever to act as a resistance lever, it being carried by
suitable bearings, placed on a slide in the frame. These bearings are connected
by a cross bar, and the cross-bar is pierced through the center by a draw-bar,
having on the end which passes through the cross-bar, a shoulder on the one side,
and a lock nut on the other side. That arrangement admits of the turning of
the said draw bar in the perforation, yet prevents its motion in a longitudinal
direction through the cross-bar. The said draw-bar has a screw thread cut on
the projecting end and passes through a box to receive the end of the draw-bar.
On the projecting end of the said draw-bar, is fitted a gear wheel, fitted, in a shell
to retain it in place. There is a second gear wheel which gears with the first
gear wheel, and is secured to the end of a rod, which runs parallel with the frame
and having on its extreme end a crank or hand wheel.
The resistance lever oscillates on its axis to which it is immovably fixed, and it
is connected with the recomposite lever by two link bars. The ends of the link
bars connected to the resistance lever are secured by bolts, and the ends of the
link bars, which are connected with the recomposite lever, are slotted. On the
upper and lower ends of the recomposite lever there is a bolt which passes through
the recomposite lever and serves the double purpose of holding the two halves of
which the recomposite lever composed, and also serves as a crank pin for the
slotted end of the link bar to act on. The link-bars are thus placed between the
two plates forming the recomposite lever, and the before-mentioned bolts or crank
pins pass through the oblong slot of the link bars above and below the axis of
oscillation.
The resistance chambers such as previously described are arranged above and
below the before mentioned draw bar, and the connecting rods from the piston
rods of the resistance cylinders are pivoted to the resistance lever, above and below
the centre upon which the latter rocks.
OPERATION.
The resistance chambers being charged to their full capacity with equal parts
of olive oil and water (air being carefully excluded) and steam being admitted to
the cylinders, motion is communicated to the recomposite lever, through the
medium of the piston rods, cross-heads and connecting rods, as already
described. The slide valves connected with the recomposite lever are set so that
the valve on the first cylinder has a slight lead which admits of its acting slightly
in advance of the valve on the second cylinder, thereby throwing the recomposite
lever off the dead centre." Thence both piston rods act simultaneously in
opposite directions. This motion it will be observed imparts an oscillating motion
to the recomposite lever. It is evident that the power thus applied consists of two
separate forces acting above and below the center of oscillation on the axis and
in opposite directions. So that in that condition they are powerless to produce
linear motion of the mechanism independent of external matter. Hence to
recompose the two separate forces acting in opposition to each other has been the
chief difficulty with which I have had to contend.
My experiments have resulted in the invention of the recomposite lever and the
neutralization of the resistance in the production of linear motion of the mass
operated upon, independent of external matter. It will be observed that the
positive or forward motion of the piston of the first steam cylinder is neutralised
by the negative or backward motion of the second piston, also that the positive
motion of the first piston acting above the axis of the rock lever is assisted by the
action of second piston acting below the said axis. Therefore they are recom-
Again, when oscillation is
posed at the upper end of the recomposite lever.
reversed and action of the first piston becomes negative, the recomposition of
the forces takes place at the lower end of the recomposite lever.

page_text: The crank or hand wheel being put in motion, the draw-bar, by the action of
the gear wheels, is drawn far enough to slide the resistance lever in the direction
of the recomposite lever, and so that the link-bars are pressed against the bolts
or crank pins in the ends of the recomposite lever. That position of the link bars
will produce motion in a backward direction, as it acts as a repellent force on the
arms of the recomposite lever.
The crank or hand wheel being reversed in motion, the gear wheel is turned
until the draw-bar has travelled far enough to draw the resistance lever from the
recomposite lever to produce a tensional strain on the link-bars against the bolts
or crank pins in the arms of the recomposite lever. That position of the link-bars
will produce linear motion in a forward direction.
The resistance lever being connected with the resistance chambers, the whole
resistance is communicated to the resistance lever, and as the forces acting on the
resistance lever are equal it follows that only a neutral force to linear motion is
encountered by the living force acting through the recomposite lever.
Therefore, while the power and the resistance is maintained, the whole mass
will move in a horizontal line independent of contact with all external matter.
Machinery or apparatus according to my invention may be arranged and applied
as a substitute for the helm or rudder of a ship or other structure requiring and
using such device. In such arrangement a shaft is fitted in bearings attached to
the framework, the shaft having two cranks placed diametrically opposite to each
other, and so that the cranks rotate in the direction and parallel to the length of
the frame. Between the cranks and keyed on the shaft is a pulley wheel.
To the crank is secured a connecting rod which is also secured by the reverse
end to a cross-head. To the same cross-head is secured a second connecting rod,
the reverse end of which is connected to the recomposite lever such as previously
described above its rocking centre, while a similar set of rods connect the second
crank of the shaft with the same lever below the rocking centre.
The resistance lever is mounted and connected, substantially as previously
described with reference to the driving mechanism.
The draw-bar which is connected substantially as previously described,
has a screw-thread cut on the projecting end, and passes through a nut
box fitted with a nut to receive the threaded end of the draw-bar. On the pro-
jecting end of the said draw-bar is fitted a pulley having a groove in its periphery
to receive a rope.
OPERATION.
The resistance chambers being charged to their full capacity with equal parts of
olive oil and water, and power being applied through the medium of a rope acting
on the pulley wheel, the crank shaft is made to rotate and imparts an oscillating
motion to the recomposite lever.
It is evident that the power applied at the pulley wheel is divided
into separate forces at the cranks, those forces acting in contrary and
opposite directions, can have no influence under such adverse conditions to
produce in any way linear or horizontal motion of the entire mechanism indepen-
dent of external matter. Therefore to recompose these two separate forces I
employ the recomposite lever as aforesaid.
It will thus be observed that the positive or forward motion of one crank is
neutralized by the negative or backward motion of the other crank, also that the
positive motion of the first crank acting above the axis of the recomposite lever
is assisted by the action of the second crank acting below the said axis, therefore
the forces are recomposed at the upper end of the recomposite lever; again when
the oscillation is reversed and the action of the first crank becomes negative, the
recomposition of the forces takes place at the lower end of the recomposite lever.
The pulley upon the end of the draw bar being put in motion by a rope, the
draw-bar is turned, until the screw has travelled far enough to slide the resistance
lever in the direction of the recomposite lever, when the link-bars are pressed

page_text: against the bolts or crank pins in the ends of the recomposite lever. That position
of the link bars will produce linear motion in a backward direction, as it acts as
a repellent force on the arms of the recomposite lever.
The said pulley being reversed in motion by the reverse motion of the rope the
draw bar is turned until the screw thereon has drawn the resistance lever far
enough from the recomposite lever to produce a tensional strain on the link bars
against the bolts or crank pins in the ends of the recomposite lever. That position
of the link bars will produce linear motion in a forward direction.
The resistance lever being connected with the resistance chambers, the whole
resistance is communicated to the resistance lever, and as the forces acting on the
resistance lever are equal, it follows that only a neutral force to linear motion is
encountered by the living force acting through the recomposite lever. Therefore,
the power and the resistance being maintained the mechanism will produce lateral
motion as in the case of a rudder.
1007
New Means for Propelling through the Air, in Water, or on Land.
I, HENRY JENNER DUFFERIN, Designer and Mechanician, Native of Lancaster,
Lancashire, England, temporarily residing at 1061, First Avenue, New York,
United States of America (an humble subject of Victoria the Greatest, Queen of
Great Britain and Ireland, Empress of India), do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:
-
All vehicles or bodies which are to have motion of translation, depend for such
motion from place to place upon power, and a resistance against which such power
acts, as for example does the locomotive, wherein the power is generated, and which
power acts against the resistance constituted by the friction between the driving
wheels and the rails; again, the power is generated within a steam ship, while the
water through which the vessel is propelled constitutes the resistance. In like
manner the balloon depends for its ascension upon the difference in weight of a
volume of air being displaced by the lighter gas within the envelope, and would
be powerless to ascend in vacuo, hence in this case the body i.e. the balloon is
dependent on the resistance offered by the air.
Many such similar examples might be enumerated, all of which would only
render it evident that the power is generated or communicated to the body to be
moved, while the resistance exists outside and apart from such body, and in the
absence of such resistance, motion of translation cannot take place.
Now my invention refers to means or apparatus whereby the object or body is
caused or constructed to contain within itself, both the power and the resistance,
and can be applied to giving motion to vehicles in any direction either horizontal or
vertical, and to either the propulsion or steering, or both, of floating bodies, ships,
or vessels, of any kind or description.
I will firstly describe my invention in connection with a vehicle or body which
will be self moving in any direction, say for example, in a vertical direction, that
is, to constitute a self lifting vehicle. Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinal section
shewing so much of my apparatus as will be necessary for the purposes of this
description. Figure 2 is a sectional end view of same, and Figure 3 is a plan view
of a part detached.

page_text: Within and rigidly connected to a suitable framing or superstructure A, I
provide resistance chambers which may be composed of closed vertical cylin-
ders B B B2 which are charged with five per cent. of olive oil, and five per cent. of
water, that is, measured by volume as compared with the inside cubical contents
of the said resistance chambers B B 12 the olive oil and water acting as a lubricant.
The chambers B B1 B2 are connected by tubes C to an air pump C provided with
a pressure gauge C³, and within each of the chambers BB3132 there is a cylinder,
or what I may call a vacuum tube D having a piston D¹. The vacuum tubes D
in which the pistons 1) work, are supported within the resistance chambers B B¹ B²
by perforated partitions or diaphragms E, one of which is shewn in plan at
Figure 3. The upper diaphragms E form top covers for the tubes D, the covers
being bored centrally and then the tubes D are closed at the upper ends by valves F
which open only outwards from the interior of the tubes D. The resistance
chambers B B B are closed top and bottom, and the vacuum tubes D, which are
open at their lower ends, are supported at a short distance from the bases of the
resistance chambers by the lower perforated partitions E.
The rods D2 D3 D4 of the pistons D¹ located in the tubes D pass through
stuffing boxes G in the bases of the resistance chambers and are connected to cross-
heads H sliding in guides H', and the crossheads H have extending lateral arms H2
to the ends of which there are connected rods J JJ which are again jointed to the
crank pins of cranks K K K upon two parallel crank shafts K' and K2, Figures 1
and 2. Upon the crank shafts K¹ and K2 are pinions K³ K³ and KK which
respectively gear with spur wheels L each pair of the latter being mounted upon
an independent shaft L', while the said spur wheels L also gear with each other.
It is to these shafts L'L' carrying the spur wheels L that a convenient power is
applied and the shafts L¹ thereby rotated, say by power being applied to the crank
pins L Figure 2.
Supposing the resistance chambers B B B2 to be charged with five per cent. of
olive oil, and five per cent. of water (that is, measured by volume, as compared to
the inside cubical contents of the resistance chambers), and the atmospheric pressure
within the resistance chambers now being normal, sufficient resistance is furnished
to the applied power to admit of the vehicle lifting a small load in addition to its
own weight. To effect this, and when it is required to carry a load in excess of
the normal resistance, the air pump C¹ is put in operation until the required
pressure to resist such load is indicated on the pressure gauge C². Therefore it
will be seen that the resistance may be increased to the utmost limit of the
structural strength of the vehicle to carry said load. Of course, the power
employed must be at least equal to the resistance generated within the resistance
chambers.
The vacuum within the vacuo tubes D is maintained by the action of the
valves F, which open outward from the vacuo tubes D, and into the domes of
the chambers B B B2, and these valves F yield to any extraneous pressure which may
accumulate within the vacuo tubes D, between the pistons D¹, and the relief
valves F during the upward stroke of the pistons. By that means the upward
stroke of the piston is practically free from resistance, all resistance being
offered to the downward stroke of the pistons. On this positive resistance
and negative influence of the vacuum maintained in the vacuo tubes above the
plungers depends the upward motion of the vehicle.
The action is as follows:-The air pump C¹ being put in operation, air is forced
into the resistance chambers BB1 B2 through the pipes C, communicating there-
with, until the required pressure within the pressure chambers is attained, (the
amount of which varies with the load to be carried); the pressure is indicated
The resistance
on the pressure gauge C², then the supply is discontinued.
chambers BB1 B2 being charged the power is applied at the crank or cranks L³
upon the spur wheel shaft or shafts L', to impart rotary motion to the
pinions K³ K.
The cranks K, together with the connecting rods J, the crossheads H, and the

page_text: piston rods D D', carrying the pistons or plungers of one set of vacuum tubes
ascend, and at the same instant, the duplicate parts of the other vacuum tube with
those just described, that is, those parts connected with the crank K³, move in
the reverse direction.
The elements of resistance contained in the resistance chambers, resist the
descent of the plungers in the vacuum tubes, which in turn re-acts on the cranks.
The dynamic action thus produced is converted into statical pressure at the
centre of motion on the crank shafts K¹ K².
Action and re-action being equal, and contrary, it follows that the crank
shaft KK must ascend, statically it is true, in relation to the vehicle, but
dynamically in relation to the earth and external matter.
Hence, the dynamical force thus established throughout the vehicle is directly
opposed to the force of gravity. Therefore the power and the resistance being
continued under the conditions just described, the vehicle must rise from the
earth in response to said power and resistance, acting within the mechanism which
is enclosed in the body of the vehicle.
When applying my invention to purposes such for example as to provide a sub-
stitute for the paddle wheel or the screw propeller, I arrange the mechanism as
at Figure 4 which shews so much of the arrangement in vertical longitudinal
section as is necessary for the purposes of the specification. In this arrangement,
I provide two steam cylinders M M¹ constructed in the ordinary and well known
manner of high pressure cylinders, or one of such may be constructed as a low
pressure, or compound cylinder. There is no link motion, nor reversing mechanism
in connection with the cylinders. One cylinder M is placed and secured directly
above, and in a parallel line with the other M', and the piston rod M2 M2* of each
cylinder is connected to cross-heads M³ and to the same cross-heads M³ are jointed
two connecting rods M. The front ends of these two rods M* are pivoted to what
I call a recomposite lever N, which is mounted upon a horizontal axis or shaft
at N carried on bearings N2 secured to the framework A, and on which the lever
rocks. The slide valves of the steam cylinders are connected to the recomposite
lever, and the slide valve rods M M are fitted with tappet pieces in proper
positions and are actuated by extending arms M7 M8 from the cross heads M³ M³.
I provide a second rocking lever P moving parallel with the first to act as a
resistance lever, it being carried by a cross shaft P¹ mounted in suitable bearings
in a slide P2 carried in the frame A. This slide P2 has a cross bar piece P³, to
which is centrally connected one end of a draw bar R. The said draw bar R has a
screw thread cut on the projecting end, and is fitted with a nut R¹ having teeth
by which it can be revolved; the nut R¹ is retained in position by cross
frames R3 R2, and there is a second gear wheel (not shewn in the drawings) which
gears with the first gear wheel, and is secured to the end of a rod, which runs
parallel with the frame and having on its extreme end a crank or hand wheel.
The resistance lever P oscillates on its axis P¹ to which it is immovably fixed,
and it is connected with the recomposite lever N by two link bars SS¹. The
ends of the link bars S S¹ connected to the resistance lever P are pivoted and
secured by bolts, and the ends SS of the link bars, which are connected with the
recomposite lever N, are slotted. On the upper and lower ends of the recomposite
lever, there is a bolt, which passes through the two parallel plates composing the
recomposite lever, and serves the double purpose of holding the two halves of which
the recomposite lever is composed, and also serves as crank pins for the slotted
ends SS2 of the link bars SS¹ to act on. The link-bars are thus placed between
the two plates forming the recomposite lever N, and the before-mentioned bolts or
crank pins pass through the oblong slot of the link bars above and below the axis
of oscillation.
Resistance chambers BB such as previously described are arranged above and
below the before mentioned draw bar R, and the connecting rods JJ from the
piston rods D21)³ of the resistance cylinders D) are pivoted to the resistance
lever I', above and below the centre upon which the latter rocks.

page_text: OPERATION.
The resistance chambers B B being charged in proper proportions with equal
parts of olive oil and water (air being carefully excluded) and steam being
admitted to the cylinders MM, motion is communicated to the recomposite
lever N through the medium of the piston rods M2 M2, cross-heads M³ M³ and
connecting rods MM, as already described. The slide valves are set so that the
valve on the first cylinder has a slight lead which admits of its acting slightly in
advance of the valve on the second cylinder, thereby throwing the recomposite lever
off the "dead centre." Thence the piston rods M2 M2 act simultaneously in
opposite directions. This motion, it will be observed, imparts an oscillating motion
to the recomposite lever N. It is evident that the power thus applied consists of
two separate forces acting above and below the center of oscillation on the axis N¹,
and in opposite directions. So that, in that condition, they are powerless to pro-
duco linear motion of the mechanism independent of external matter Hence, to
recompose the two separate forces acting in opposition to each other, has been the
chief difficulty with which I have had to contend.
My experiments have resulted in the invention of the recomposite lever, and the
neutralization of the resistance in the production of linear motion of the mass
operated upon, independent of external matter. It will be observed that the
positive or forward motion of the piston of the first steam cylinder is neutralized
by the negative or backward motion of the second piston, also that the positive
motion of the first piston acting above the axis of the rock lever N is assisted by
the action of a second piston acting below the said axis N¹. Therefore they are
recomposed at the upper end of the recomposite lever. Again, when oscillation is
reversed and action of the first piston becomes negative, the recomposition of the
forces takes place at the lower end of the recomposite lever.
The crank or hand wheel before mentioned, but not shewn in the drawing,
being put in motion, the draw bar R, by the action of the gear wheel R¹ is drawn
far enough to slide the resistance lever P in the direction of the recomposite lever N,
and so that the link-bars SS are pressed against the bolts or crank pins in the
ends of the recomposite lever N. That position of the link bars S S¹ will produce
motion in a backward direction, as it acts as a repellent force on the arms of the
recomposite lever N.
The crank or hand wheel aforesaid being reversed in motion, the gear wheel R¹
is turned until the draw-bar R has travelled far enough to draw the resistance
lever P from the recomposite lever N to produce a tensional strain on the link
bars SS against the bolts or crank pins in the arms of the recomposite lever N.
That position of the link bars SS₁ will produce linear motion in a forward
direction.
The resistance lever P being connected with the resistance chambers BB', the
whole resistance is communicated to the resistance lever P, and as the forces
acting on the resistance lever are equal, it follows that only a neutral force to
linear motion is encountered by the living force acting through the recomposite
lever N.
Therefore, while the power and the resistance is maintained the whole mass will
move in a horizontal line independent of contact with all external matter.
Machinery or apparatus according to my invention may be arranged and applied
as a substitute for the helm or rudder of a ship or other structure requiring and
using such device, and such an arrangement I have shewn in vertical section at
Figure 5 of the accompanying drawings, Figure 6 being an end view of the
recomposite lever N detached.
In such arrangement a shaft is fitted in bearings attached to the framework A,
the shaft having two cranks M M placed diametrically opposite to each other and
so that the said cranks rotate in the direction and parallel to the length of the
frame A; between the cranks and keyed on the shaft is a pulley wheel M*.
To the crank M is pivoted a connecting rod M2 which is also secured by the
reverse end to a cross-head M³. To the same cross-head M3 is pivoted a second

page_text: connecting rod M*, the reverse end of which is pivoted to the recomposite lever N
such as previously described above its rocking centre N', while a similar set of
rods connect the second crank M¹ of the shaft with the same lever N below the
rocking centre.
The resistance lever P is mounted and connected, substantially as previously
described with reference to the driving mechanism, Figure 4.
The draw-bar R is passed through the cross piece P³ between the slides P³, and
is revolvably secured in position by collars as shewn, the rod having a screw-
thread cut on the projecting end, which passes through and engages a thread on
the cross piece R2 of the frame A. On the projecting end of the said draw-bar R
there is fitted a pulley R¹ having a groove in its periphery to receive a rope R³.
OPERATION.
The resistance chambers B B being charged in proper proportions with equal
parts of olive oil and water, and power being applied through the medium of a
rope acting on the pulley wheel M^, the crank shaft is made to rotate and imparts
an oscillating motion to the recomposite lever N.
It is evident that the power applied at the pulley wheel M* is divided into
separate forces at the cranks MM, and those forces acting in contrary and
opposite directions, can have no influence under such adverse conditions to produce,
in any way, linear or horizontal motion of the entire mechanism independent of
external matter. Therefore to recompose these two separate forces I employ the
recomposite lever N as aforesaid.
It will thus be observed that the positive or forward motion of one crank M is
neutralized by the negative or backward motion of the other crank M¹, also that
the postive motion of the first crank M acting above the axis of the recomposite
lever N is assisted by the action of the second crank M' acting below the said
axis N, therefore the forces are recomposed at the upper end of the recomposite
lever; again, when the oscillation is reversed and the action of the first crank
becomes negative, the recomposition of the forces takes place at the lower end of
the recomposite lever N.
The pulley R' upon the end of the draw bar being put in motion by the rope R*,
the draw-bar R is turned, until the screw has travelled far enough to slide the
resistance lever P in the direction of the recomposite lever N, when the link-
bars S S¹ are pressed against the bolts or crank pins in the ends of the recomposite
lever N. That position of the link bars SS will produce linear motion on a
backward direction, as it acts as a repellent force on the arms of the recomposite
lever N.
The said pulley R' being reversed in motion by the reverse motion of the rope R³,
the draw bar R is turned until the screw thereon has drawn the resistance lever P
far enough from the recomposite lever N to produce a tensional strain on the link
bars SS against the bolts or crank pins in the ends of the recomposite lever.
That position of the link bars SS₁ will produce linear motion in a forward
direction.
The resistance lever P being connected with the resistance chambers B B₁, the
whole resistance is communicated to the resistance lever, and as the forces acting
on the resistance lever P are equal, it follows that, only a neutral force to linear
motion is encountered by the living force acting through the recomposite lever N.
Therefore, the power and the resistance being maintained, the mechanism will pro-
duce lateral motion, as in the case of a rudder.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. A self lifting vehicle, containing both the power and resistance required to
produce vertical motion, and lift itself from the earth independent of external
matter, contrary to the action of gravity, substantially as set forth.
2. In a self-lifting vehicle containing both the power and resistance required
B

page_text: to produce vertical motion, and lift itself from the earth independent of external
matter, contrary to the action of gravity; the employment of a vacuo tube having
in its upper end a relief valve situated in a crown piece composing a partition,
which is perforated to admit the free action of the elements of resistance through-
out the resistance chamber, and a second perforated partition which is located
at the base of said vacuo tube, supporting and retaining the same in place, sub-
stantially as hereinbefore described.
3. In a self lifting vehicle containing both the power and resistance required to
produce vertical motion and lift itself from the earth independent of external
matter, contrary to the action of gravity, the employment of a tube or cylinder in
which is enclosed the vacuo tube, the two perforated partitions, the plunger or
piston, and the elements of resistance, as herein before described and illustrated.
4. In a self-lifting vehicle containing both the power and the resistance, as
claimed by Claim 1, the combination of two crank shafts, having three cranks on
each shaft, connecting and rotating in opposite directions, by the combination of
geared wheels, as hereinbefore described and illustrated.
5. In a self lifting vehicle containing the power and the resistance to produce
the result as claimed by Claim 1; the means of regulating the pressure, within the
resistance chamber as hereinbefore described and illustrated.
G. The self-lifting or self-moving vehicle, or other structure intended or designed
for locomotion on land, on water, or through space, and containing within itself
both the power and the resistance to produce motion on a horizontal line, parallel
to the earth's surface, independent of external matter, substantially as described
with reference to Fig. 4 of the accompanying drawings.
or
7. In a self-lifting or self-moving vehicle or other structure intended
designed for locomotion on land, on water, or through space, and containing
within itself both the power and the resistance to produce motion on a horizontal
line, parallel to the earth's surface, independent of external matter and as claimed
by Claim 6; the recomposite lever N constructed to recompose two conflicting
forces applied to said recomposite lever, substantially as herein described and
illustrated.
8. In a self-lifting or self-moving vehicle or other structure intended or designed
for locomotion on land, on water, or through space, and containing within itself
both the power and the resistance to produce motion on a horizontal line, parallel
to the earth's surface, independent of external matter and as claimed by Claim 6;
the resistance lever P connected and secured in bearings constructed to move
forward and backward in suitable slides, and a draw-bar connected to said bearing,
actuated by mechanism such as gear wheels, parallel rod and crank, or hand wheel,
substantially as herein before described and illustrated.
9. In a self lifting or self moving vehicle or other structure intended or designed
for locomotion on land, on water, or through space, and containing within itself
both the power and the resistance to produce motion in a horizontal line, parallel
to the earth's surface, independent of external matter and as claimed by Claim 6;
the link bars having an oblong slot cut in one end and a circular hole drilled in
the other end and connecting the recomposite and the resistance levers and joining
said levers so that they shall operate simultaneously, substantially as herein before
described.
10. In a self-lifting or self-moving vehicle or other structure intended or designed
for locomotion on land, on water, or through space, and containing within itself
both the power and the resistance to produce motion in a horizontal line, parallel
to the earth's surface, independent of external matter and as claimed by Claim 6;
the resistance chamber composed of a tube containing a piston or plunger, said
tube being suitably supported and the end of said tube opening into a chamber
formed by a shell fitted to receive a valve spindle to carry a valve, and means for
adjusting the said valve up to the one end of the tube containing the plunger,
the lower or reverse end of said tube being suitably supported so as to admit of the

page_text: free passage of the elements of resistance, the flow of which is controlled by the
opening or closing of the upper end of the plunger tube, substantially as described.
11. A self-lifting vehicle or other structure, designed and constructed for loco-
motion on land, on water, or through space, containing within itself the power and
the resistance to produce motion on a horizontal line, transverse to the direction in
which the vehicle, ship or other structure may be travelling, proceeding or running,
substantially as described with reference to Fig. 5 of the accompanying drawings.
12. In a self lifting vehicle, or other structure, designed and constructed for
locomotion on land, on water, or through space, containing within itself the power
and the resistance, to produce motion on a horizontal line, transverse to the direc-
tion in which the vehicle, ship, or other structure may be travelling, proceeding
or running, and as claimed by Claim 11; the double crank shaft actuated by a
secondary power applied to a pulley wheel, said crank shaft being connected to the
recomposite lever, constructed to recompose two conflicting forces, substantially
as hereinbefore described and illustrated.
13. In a self lifting vehicle, or other structure, designed and constructed for
locomotion on land, on water, or through space, containing within itself the power
and the resistance, to produce motion on a horizontal line, transverse to the direc-
tion in which the vehicle, ship, or other structure may be travelling, proceeding or
running, and as claimed by Claim 11; the resistance lever connected and secured
in bearings constructed to move forward and backward in suitable slides and the
draw bar connected to said bearings, actuated by a pulley wheel, substantially as
hereinbefore described and illustrated.
14. In a self-lifting vehicle, or other structure, designed and constructed for
locomotion on land, on water, or through space, containing within itself the power
and the resistance, to produce motion on a horizontal line, transverse to the direc-
tion in which the vehicle, ship, or other structure may be travelling, proceeding or
running, and as claimed by Claim 11; the link bars, having an oblong slot cut
in one end and a circular hole drilled in the other end, and connecting the recom-
posite and the resistance levers, and joining said levers so that they shall operate
synchronously, substantially as described.
15. In a self lifting vehicle, or other structure, designed and constructed for
locomotion on land, on water or through space, containing within itself the power
and the resistance, to produce motion in a horizontal line, transverse to the direc-
tion in which the vehicle, ship, or other structure may be travelling, proceeding
or running, and as claimed by Claim 11; the resistance chamber composed of a
tube containing a piston or plunger, said tube being suitably supported, and the
end of said tube, opening into a chamber formed by a shell fitted to receive a valve
spindle to carry a valve, and means for adjusting the said valve up to one end of
the tube containing the plunger, the lower or reverse end of said tube being
suitably supported so as to admit of the free passage of the elements of resistance,
the flow of which is controlled by the opening or closing of the upper end of the
plunger tube, substantially as described and illustrated.
16. The general arrangement and combination of parts composing my new self-
lifting or travelling machines, vehicles, or structures, capable of motion either
in a vertical, horizontal, or other direction, and either on land, on water, or through
space, such machines, vehicles, or structures containing within themselves both
the power and the resistance by which they are enabled to have motion indepen-
dently of external matter, all arranged and acting substantially as and for the
purposes hereinbefore described and illustrated with reference to the accompanying
drawings, together with any mere modification or modifications thereof.
10+1 Ja of Man 1808
BREWER & SON,
London and Leeds, Agents for the Applicant.