CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING. COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1849

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME,. I,. Join
ORMEROD, of Holt Holm Mill, near Newchurch, in the County of Lancaster,
Spinner, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain'
and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Nineteenth day of April, in the
twelfth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her, heirs, and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said John Ormerod, my exors, adiñiors, and assigns, Her
especial licence that I, the said John Ormerod, my exors, admors; and assigns,
or such others as I, the said John Ormerod, my exors, adiñors, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all-
times during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of
Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING.
COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES;" in which said Letters Patent is con-
tained a proviso obliging me, the said John Ormerod, by an instrument in
writing under my hand and seal; particularly to describe and ascertain the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
and to cause the same to be enrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery,
within six calendar months next; and immediately after the date of the said
recited Letters Patent, as in and by the said Letters Patent, reference being.
thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
•
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said .John
Ormerod, do hereby declare the nature of my Invention to consist,-
First, in a novel combination of the parts forming a carding engine, whereby

page_text: to the main cymder.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Fig. 1 represents a side elevation of an ordinary carding engine, having my
improvements applied thereto; Fig. 2 is a plan view of the same. Fig. 3 is
an end elevation of part of the main cylinder and doffer and of the curved
plates, forming a receptacle for the leaf and other extraneous matter thrown
off by the main cylinder and the last working roller; Fig. 4 is a side elevation
of one end of the curved plates shown in Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is an end elevation of
part of the main cylinder and one of the working rollers and of the curved
plato which fits partly around them, forming a receptacle for the dirt, leaf, or
other extraneous matter; Fig 6 is a side elevation of one end of the curved
plate shown in Fig. 5. Fig. 7 is an end elevation of the curved plate which
fits partly round the feed rollers, the licker-in, and the main cylinder, and forms
a receptacle for the dirt thrown off by the main cylinder; and Fig. 8 is a side
view of one end of the same. The same letters and figures are used to denote
similar parts in each of the Drawings. a represents the main cylinder, the
licker-in, c the feed rollers, and d the doffer, all of which are the same as those
in ordinary use; e is the clearing roller belonging to the first pair of working
rollers; e¹, e³, e³, and e, are similar clearing rollers belonging to the four other
sets of workers; f is the first of the working rollers, placed above the licker-in
b, and set in such wise that it takes the cotton or other fibrous substance from
the main cylinder and delivers it to the first clearing roller e, which delivers it
again to the main cylinder; the main cylinder then carries the cotton to the
second working roller g, which revolves in the same direction as the main
cylinder, from which also it is stripped by the clearer e, and the cotton is then
delivered to the main cylinder again and carried forward to the second set of
rollers f, e', and g', which rollers, along with the three following sets, revolve in

page_text: the same directions and at the same speeds as those already described, and
their action upon the cotton or other material between them and the main
cylinder is the same, except that a less proportion of dust is abstracted by each
succeeding set. The clearing rollers e, el, e, e³, and e', are turned round in the
usual manner by the strap p, set in motion by the pulley p' on the shaft of the
main cylinder. The strap p passes over pulleys fixed to the shaft of each of
the clearing rollers, but only two of the pulleys are shown in Fig. 1, the others
being indicated by dotted circles, in order that the parts behind them may be
more clearly seen. The working rollers are all set in motion by a cord or
band 2, which passes over a groove pulley 7, fixed to the wheel, which
revolves on a stud, as seen by dotted lines in Fig. 1. The wheel ¹ is driven
by a pinion », fixed on the shaft of the doffer; the band q, after passing round
the pulley r; is carried around a groove pulley fixed to the shaft of the working
roller, from thence it goes around a similar pulley on the shaft of the roller g³,
and so on until it has passed around the pulley on the roller g, from whence it
is taken under a grooved pulley fixed to the working roller f, from which it
goes around the pulley of the roller f', and so on again until it passes to the
under side of the grooved pulley 7. It will be observed by the arrows on the
Drawing that the band a drives all the rollers f in the same direction, and all
the rollers 9 in the contrary direction. The stud which carries the pulley r
and wheel is bolted into a segmental slot described from the centre of the
axis of the doffer, as seen by dotted lines in Fig. 1, consequently the position of
the pulley may be varied in the slot, so as to keep the band g to the requisite
degree of tension without throwing the pinion and wheel," out of gear.
My second improvement in carding engines consists in applying six or any
convenient number of receptacles, into which the dirt or other extraneous
matter is collected when struck out of the cotton or other fibrous substance
under operation, the edges of the said receptacles being set in such positions
and at such distances from the teeth of the cards with which the main cylinder
is covered that a much greater quantity of the dirt or other extraneous matters
is removed from the cotton or other fibrous substance, in passing from the
licker-in to the doffer, than in the various methods now generally known and
in use. The first of the six receptacles above mentioned is marked h, and is
seen best in Figs. 7 and 8. It is placed over the licker-in, and partly over
the feed roller, and reaches upwards into the angle formed by the main cylinder
and the first of the working rollers f. This receptacle is supported by the
brackets h', see Fig. 1, and into it a great part of the heavier dirt is collected,
the dirt being thrown over the upper edge of the receptacle h, which is set nearly
in contact with the cards of the main cylinder. When the cotton or other fibrous

page_text: substance has been delivered by the clearing roller e to the main cylinder, it i
.taken from it again by the working roller g, as before described. The recep
stacle i collects the dirt from the main cylinder, which strikes the dirt over the
sharp edge of the receptacle, in the same manner as in the receptacle,, already
described. The receptacle i is formed of two curved plates, united together
one of them concentric with the worker g, and the other with the main cylinder
and it is supported at each side of the carding engine by two set screws, having
projecting ends, seen best in Fig. 5, fitting loosely into holes in the receptacle i
"These set screws pass-through holes in the frame k, and each of them is pro-
.vided with two nuts, by which the position of the receptacle can be regulated
.to. the greatest nicety. The receptacle is placed between the second
and third sets of workers, and collects the dirt from the main eylinder in the
manner previously described with reference. to the letters h andi; but the
-receptacle m, which is placed nearly over the centre of the main cylinder, will
be found to collect very light dirt, and when cotton is being operated upon, the
receptacle m will contain chicfly cotton leaf. This is owing to the front edge
of the receptacle m, or that edge near the working roller g³, being brought
very close to the teeth of the cards on the main cylinder; and as the cotton
leaf generally remains on the top of the teeth of the cards, it will be struck
off by the edge of the receptacle m. The same effect is produced by the recep-
tacle n, which is drawn to an enlarger scale in Figs. 5 and 6; and the
receptacle o, placed near the doffer, serves to collect the last particles of dirt;
dust, or leaf that can be got out of the cotton or other fibrous substance before
it is taken from the main cylinder by the doffer. The receptacle o is formed
of two curved plates o¹ and o;-drawn on an enlarged scale in Figs. 3 and 4,
and it is supported by the brackets o³, bolted to the frame , as seen in Fig. 1;
to the bracket o³ is. bolted the forked bearing of, into which the ends of the
plate o' are placed: The upper edge of the plate o¹ is made true, and brought
nearly in contact with the cards of the main cylinder, the distance from it
being regulated by the set screws o. The lower portion of the plate is curved
round, to form a recess or hinge for the rounded lower edge of the plate o¹, and
the small wrought iron plates o³ rivetted to the plates o', prevent the plate o³
from being lifted out of the said recess. The plate of is supported at each end
of its upper extremity by a set screw passing through the brackets o³, and con
sequently the plate o² is at liberty to rise in case any substance of more than
the usual size should be carried round by the doffer. The receptacles marked
h, i, l, m, n, and o, must be cleaned out by the attendant every two or three
hours, or as often as it is found necessary.

page_text: Having now described in what manner my Invention is to be performel, I
wish it to be understood, in regard to the first part of my Invention, that I do
not limit myself to the number or diameter of the working and clearing rollers
to be used in each machine, nor to the particular rollers which shall be made
to revolve in the same direction as the main cylinder, as different descriptions
of fibrous materials will require variations in these respects; but I do claim, as
of my Invention, driving some of the rollers placed around the main cylinder of
a carding engine in the same direction with it.
And in regard to the second part of my Invention, I claim the application to
carding engines of a dust-collecting apparatus of the description I have shown
and described.
And this, my Invention, being to the best of my knowledge and belief entirely
new and never before used within that part of Her said Majesty's United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called England, Her Dominion of
Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, I do hereby declare this to be my
Specification of the same, and that I do verily believe this my said Specification
doth comply in all respects fully and without reserve or disguise with the
proviso in the said herein-before in part recited Letters Patent contained;
wherefore I do hereby claim to maintain exclusive right and privilege to the
said Invention.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Ormerod, have hereunto set my
hand and scal, this Sixteenth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and forty-nine.