matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM TRAPS AND STEAM DRYING APPARATUS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walton Ingham Sutcliffe and
Robert Cunningham Ferguson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents
on the 25th August 1880.
WALTON INGHAM SUTCLIFFE, of the Globe Works, Godley, in the County of
Chester, and ROBERT CUNNINGHAM FERGUSON, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM TRAPS AND STEAM DRYING
APPARATUS."
Our Invention relates principally to that class of apparatus known as steam
traps, the object of which is to separate water from steam. The apparatus
constituting our Invention consists of a hollow cylindrical or other shaped shell
or jacket provided at or about its central part with an inlet for the mingled water
and steam. At the lower part of the said shell is a valve seating communicating
with a pipe or passage provided for the outlet of the water, while at the upper
end of the shell is an exit passage for any steam and air which it may be desirable
to permit to escape. We prefer that the said valve seating and also the top part
should be screwed into the shell, so as to be easily removable, but they may
be formed in one piece with the shell if desired. The valve seating consists
preferably of a flat or slightly bevelled annular face surrounding the water outlet,
and the said face and outlet aperture are covered by the bottom of a hollow
cylindrical float, which performs the functions of a valve. The said float valve is,
or may be, surrounded by a casing, which acts as a guide to keep the float in its
proper relative position, or it may be guided in any other suitable manner so as to
rise and fall above the said seating and outlet aperture. The pipe leading from the
water outlet is bent into a syphon form so as to keep the normal water level in
the shell at just such a height as will permit the steam pressure above to hold the
float gently down upon the valve seating; the displacement being so arranged
that the slightest addition to the water in the shell will lift the float and allow
the excess water to escape. The bottom of the float valve should project over
the annular seating so as to allow the water to get beneath it, and means are
provided to prevent the float from rising too far. We do not confine ourselves
to the cylindrical hollow floating valve, herein before described, as a hollow ball
or other buoyant body may be substituted. The foregoing apparatus may be
employed as, or in combination with, a steam dryer, the water separated by
condensation or otherwise falling to the bottom, and escaping beneath the float
valve as hereinbefore described.
A NEW LIQUOR CASE
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Newton Mappin at the ce
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th April 1880.
JOHN NEWTON MAPPIN, of No. 2, Queen Victoria St., in the City of London.
"A NEW LIQUOR CASE."
This Invention has for its object a new liquor case.
In my new liquor case there is a bar formed in connection with the handle by
which the case is carried, and this bar is moveable up and down vertically. In its
lower position the bar lies immediately above the stoppers of the bottles which
the case contains, so that the bottles cannot be lifted to remove them from the case,
nor can the stoppers be withdrawn. In its upper position the bar although still
over the stoppers is so far above them that the bottles can be lifted from their
sockets or recesses in the base of the case. The bar is supported by two partitions
or uprights passing down between the bottles and fixed into the base. The case
is usually made to contain three bottles, but this may be varied. The bar has two
stems fixed at its under side and projecting down from it; they are received into
corresponding grooves or recesses in the partitions or uprights.
Upon the bar there is also a spring lock having two bolts, which when the bar
is pushed down luck into suitable recesses formed in the partitions or uprights
near their upper ends.
AN IMPROVEMENT RELATING TO PERAMBULATORS WHICH MAY BE UTILIZED FOR OTHER VEHICLES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas George Wells at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th July 1880.
THOMAS GEORGE WELLS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manu-
facturer. "AN IMPROVEMENT RELATING TO PERAMBULATORS WHICH MAY BE
UTILIZED FOR OTHER VEHICLES."
This Invention relates to certain improvements which are applicable to peram-
bulators and other wheeled manumotive vehicles, such as velocipedes.
The Invention consists in constructing the vehicle with a seat, which together
with its adjunctive parts, vizt., the sides and back, may be rotated about a centre
and set in any position relative to the remainder of the vehicle that may be desired,
the foot or foot and heel board and connected parts of the body not being rotated.
therewith, but being independent thereof, and stationary, or affixed to, and
partaking only of the movements it receives in common with the vehicle, and
being so shaped as to be of its intended use in whatever position the seat and its
connected parts may be placed.
According to this improved method, the body is supported by a movable arm
rising centrally from the footboard, and when rotated is at all times kept
perpendicular and equilibrious, so that it cannot topple over, and the base thereof
is nearly flush with the periphery of the wheels, which is an important feature in
three wheeled vehicles, and is of a more sightly appearance, and more conveniently
actuated.
In ordinary perambulators wherein the body is rotated, the whole body is rotated
upon a ring in the frame, or is otherwise rotated upon the frame, and there is
great liability to overturn without care, and there are many other disadvantages
which the above described improved method entirely eliminates.
MENTS IN SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office
A communication
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th July 1880.
"
from abroad by Albert Döring, of Leipzig, in the Kingdom of Saxony.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors of
IMPROVE-
Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer.
MENTS IN SEWING MACHINES." A communication from abroad by Albert Döring,
of Leipzig, in the Kingdom of Saxony.
The improvements relate to double stitch mechanism constructed and operating
as follows:-
The catcher or looper of the mechanism forming the meshes is connected with the
base plate or disc upon which it rests only by a small part of its circumference so
as to leave a small clearance between the base of the catcher and the disc. The
catcher obtains an oscillating motion by means of tooth gearing or other suitable
mechanism mounted on its spindle, and is made hollow in the contre for a spool or
ball of thread placed loosely in the hollow space.
The spool is covered with a plate projecting into a recess of the catcher for
keeping the spool in the required position, a series of perforations for the thread
being also applied in the cover plate, under which there is a spring for regulating
the tension of the thread.
The needle passes first down through a recess at the circumference of the base
plate, and then by a short return motion forms a loop to be seized by the point of the
catcher during the motion of the latter, the needle having been previously shifted
aside by a tooth or edge of the base plate. By the further motion of the catcher
the latter causes the thread to pass into a vertical groove, from which the threa:!
is subsequently withdrawn, and slides behind the spool, encircling the same.
the needle thread has slided behind and under the spool a return motion of the
catcher takes place and a lifting of the needle which causes a pull on the thread.
The catcher passes thereby out of the loop, and the seam formed by the needle and
spool thread is finished.
After
MENTS IN SHIRT AND OTHER COLLARS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Berry at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 10th December 1880.
GEORGE BERRY, of Goswell Road, in the County of Middlesex.
MENTS IN SHIRT AND OTHER COLLARS."
" IMPROVE-
"
The primary object of this Invention is the production of shirt or other collars
capable of being used at one and the same time as a "stand up" and "turn down
collar, or as a "turn down" or "stand up" collar alone, and in this way I obtain
in one collar the advantages of a turn down or those of a stand up collar.
According to one arrangement of my Invention I make an ordinary stand up
collar, and to that part where the neck band and collar proper are attached I also
connect a turn down collar, or I make the stand up and turn down in one piece
or several pieces of material or materials, and connect the neck band thereto by
stitching or in any other convenient manner. Where the two parts of the combined
collars meet I prefer to make the material of a less number of surfaces there than
A. button bole
the other parts, to facilitate the folding over of the one or other.
may be made at the back of the neck band as usual, if desired, but I find that in
many cases with collars made in this way it is not necessary, as the depth of the
collar and the spring like action obtained from top and bands renders it almost
impossible to shift over the band of the shirt, which in an ordinary collar it is
very apt to do. The above collar can be worn as a turn down collar only by folding
in the top part, or by bringing the bands of an ordinary tie or scarf outside the
turn down it prevents the appearance only of the ordinary stand up collar, or when
fully open and uncovered by tie or scarf as a stand up and turn down collar
combined.
Instead of the turn down portion extending all round the neck bands it need
only extend partially round. The forms or shapes of the collars may be varied
according to fancy and taste.
NEW OR IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF MOUTHPIECE LIP OR RIM FOR IMPARTING ELECTRIC CURRENTS TO FLUIDS WHILST PASSING INTO THE MOUTH
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Dunbar at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 4th November 1880.
JAMES DUNBAR, of Lawrence, Pountney Lane, in the City of London, Engineer,
and RICHARD ROBERT HARPER, of Clifton Street, Finsbury, in the County of
Middlesex, Electrician. "NEW OR IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF MOUTHPIECE LIP
OR RIM FOR IMPARTING ELECTRIC CURRENTS TO FLUIDS WHILST PASSING INTO
THE MOUTH."
This Invention relates to improvements in drinking vessels for imparting electric
currents to fluids whilst passing into the mouth.
According to our Invention we employ one or more opposite metals (or negative
and positive metals) in conjunction with any insulating medium, in connection
with the rims of drinking vessels, tubes, or mouthpieces of any description,
whereby we obtain an electric current in the liquid or moist fluid as it passes over
the said metals, or negative and positive poles into the mouth, and also sometimes
a current in the mouth. The said mouthpieces may be constructed so as to apply to
any existing drinking vessels, such as tumblers and other articles. Or a cup may be
formed of conical rings of alternate, positive & negative substances insulated from
one another, and to be extended into the form of a cup, or the cup may be formed
of alternative, positive, and negative staves to electrify the contained liquid.
Mouthpieces for smoking, for musical instruments and other purposes may be.
constructed on the same principle. Also spoons and other articles.
A NEW OR IMPROVED SAFETY FASTENING FOR LETTER ENVELOPES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jules Fleury and Edouard Perier at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th December 1880.
JULES FLEURY, of No. 31, Rue des Aubépines Bois de Colombes, in the
Department of La Seine, Civil Engineer, and EDOUARD PERIER, of No. 67, Rue de
Chabrol, Paris, Merchant. "A NEW OR IMPROVED SAFETY FASTENING FOR LETTER
ENVELOPES."
In this Invention the envelope is formed somewhat in the usual manner with
four flaps, but each of which is furnished with a row of small holes, which come
together so as to correspond exactly with one another when the envelope is closed.
Three of the flaps are also each furnished with a larger hole. These three holes
also come exactly over one another when the envelope is closed. The flap which
has no large hole is folded down first so as to be the lowest (regarded from the
back of the envelope), and the three others fold down on to it.
The envelope is closed in the following manner :-
After three of the flaps have been laid over one another as above described and
have been gummed together, a cord or thread is passed in and out through the
small holes in the three folded flaps of the envelope, the ends of the thread or cord
being left free, and in that form the envelopes will be sold. In order to close and
secure the envelope completely, the fourth or outermost flap is folded down in the
usual manner and gummed fast, the ends of the thread or cord are then drawn
through the holes in the said fourth flap so as to come out of the envelope just
above the usual sealing place. The two ends of the thread or cord are then tied
together and a small leaden seal with the initials of the sender applied over the
knot; the extreme ends of the cord are finally sealed to the point where the
larger holes come together, the middle portion of the seal passing through the
larger holes and adhering to the lowest or first folded flap of the envelope, so that
any subsequent invisible loosening with hot mettallic wires or similar unlawful
instruments becomes impossible.
If preferred, the leaden seal may be replaced with an ordinary seal or other
means of securing the ends of the thread or cord.
IMPROVED APPLIANCES FOR HOLDING AND SUSPENDING FABRICS AND OTHER ARTICLES, PARTLY APPLICABLE AS CONNECTING LINKS AND FOR COUPLING VEHICLES AND OTHER BODIES."
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Allix at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 30th December 1880.
GEORGE ALLIX, of 40, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Engineer.
"IMPROVED APPLIANCES FOR HOLDING AND SUSPENDING FABRICS AND OTHER
ARTICLES, PARTLY APPLICABLE AS CONNECTING LINKS AND FOR COUPLING
VEHICLES AND OTHER BODIES."
This Invention relates to appliances, such as hooks or holders, for attaching
curtains or suspending fabrics to rings or other supports, also to modifications to
render them applicable as connecting links for chains or straps, or for coupling
carriages and railway and other vehicles or bodies.
The Invention consists in bending or otherwise forming a metal bar, wire, or
strip, with a broad flattish portion at one part and with a turned up end at another
part, and in again bending and curving said end as to form a spring to hold the
appliance firmly on the rod or other support. The bend first referred to is at right
angles to the leg which is pointed to be passed through the fabric, and is again
bent to be parallel or nearly so with the pointed leg, the next bend being at right
angles to bring the spring curved leg close to the side of the second leg.
Instead of the hook or attachment having the second bent portion at right
angles, it may terminate parallel with it, and be formed as a spring to prevent it
becoming detached.
Instead of the appliance being formed from a single bar, wire, or strip of metal,
it may be from two bars, wires, or strips, in which case it is jointed at about the
centre of the length of the two legs, and so arranged that the spring end or tongue
of one engages itself against the hook portion of the other, whereby any article
supported, suspended, or linked to it is held secure; or both ends of the appliance
may be hooked, and be so arranged that the two hooks of the jointed bar cross
each other and form a single safety hook or loop at each end of the appliance; or
the jointed bars may have a hook or loop on one end of each leg only, the other
ends being weighted and permitted to fall as to keep the hooks or loops always in
the supports, say, the rings or hooks of the draw bars of railway vehicles.
By a further modification the two legs of the jointed bars may have their
opposite ends formed one with a socket and the other with a pointed leg to engage
[Price 9d1

page_text: in the socket by a sliding action to hold the appliance safely on the support by the
hook or hooks at one end, and the suspended article by the pointed leg at the
other.
If necessary a ferrule may be fitted to slide upon the legs of the last described
appliance to prevent the pointed leg leaving the socket.
The pointed leg may be jointed at one of the other legs, that the point may be
lifted out of the socket.
The appliances before referred to are applicable for various uses besides those
named.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR BEATING CARPETS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sydney Siminons at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th September 1880.
SYDNEY SIMMONS, of 86, St. Augustine Road, Camden Square, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR BEATING CARPETS."
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for beating carpets.
The machine consists of a frame, at the upper part of which there is a pair
of horizontal rollers. Between these rollers the carpet to be beaten is passed
and it hangs from them in a vertical position, whilst at the same time as the rollers
slowly revolve the carpet is moved progressively forward. In front of the carpet
thus held suspended series of axes are arranged; some of these axes are horizontal
and others vertical, and they all receive a semi-rotary motion first in one direction
and then in the other. Thus the uppermost axis may be horizontal with a number
of beater sticks fixed into it, and in some sections of the width of the machine
these beater sticks may be connected the one with the other by horizontal ropes or
chains. The semi-rotation of the axis has the effect of causing the beaters to strike
the carpet alternately over and under the axis. Beneath this horizontal axis there
are several vertical axes also provided with beater sticks, which as the axes make
their semi-rotations strike the carpet first on one side of the axis and then on the
other. Beneath these there may be another set of vertical axes, similarly arranged
and carrying beaters, and in some cases chains connecting the bearer arms.
Thus every part of the surface of the carpet as it passes through the machine is
several times beaten, and the beaters are of various form. so that the dust may be
more effectually removed than it would be if all the beaters were alike.
I usually arrange the machine in four tiers with an horizontal axis at the top
and another at the bottom, and with two intermediate sets of vertical axes, but
this may be varied.
The machine can be used horizontal or vertical.
IMPROVEMENTS IN KILTING MACHINES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Ashburn at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 20th March 1880.
THOMAS ASHBURN, of Handsworth, in the County of Stafford, Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN KILTING MACHINES."
to
This Invention consists in attaching to the back of the knife blade a projecting
piece carrying an adjustable slide with a nose piece bearing upon a cam or tappet
wheel, so that when the machino is set in motion the nose piece sliding down the
carry it
cam or tappet causes the knife blade to bear upon the material and
up
the rolls, and in the receeding motion the cam working against the nose piece
causes a projection upon the blade to come in contact with another projection upon
the rocking shaft, and raise it so that the blade which it carries is lifted entirely
from the material.
Attached to the rachet wheel is a lever, one end of which comes in contact with
a tappet upon the hand wheel, so that when in motion the other end of the lever
working through an index shield is caused to rise and fall, and an indexed slide
carried upon the lever is stopped at any required point by a notched or stepped
projection upon the shield, or by other suitable arrangement, so as to regulate the
plait.
For box plaiting I use the same arrangement of blade slides, tappets, and lever
in duplicate.
AN IMPROVED WINE-COOLER
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Dee at the Office of tho
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd March 1880.
LOUIS DEE, of Sherwood Street, Golden Square, in the County of Middlesex.
"AN IMPROVED WINE-COOLER."
The main feature of novelty in this Invention consists in forming a wino
cooler of an outer casing or shell into which an inner chamber or receptacle fits, the
outer wall of the inner chamber being so shaped relatively to the casing or shell as
to fit into it like a sword into a sheath.
The inner chamber or receptacle has, in addition to its outer wall, an inner wall
provided with a bottom or base, and forming the chamber proper, into which the
bottle or other article containing the substance to be cooled is placed.
The outer and inner walls of this inner chamber aro joined together or covered
in at the top, but are left open at the bottom, the outer wall, by preference,
extending below the inner wall of the chamber.
When in use the inner chamber or receptacle of the wine cooler is withdrawn
from its casing or shell and inverted to receive the ice or other cooling medium
which is deposited in the space forined by the distance between the inner and outer
walls. The shell or casing is then inverted and placed over the inner chamber,
after which the whole can be restored to its original position, when the cooler is
ready for use.
The inain advantages of my Invention are that the ice is never exposed to the
air nor to view, and is also never in direct contact with the bottle or other article
containing the material to be cooled.
It is obvious that my improved wine cooler may be made of any shape or design
without departing from the nature of my Invention.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TANNING
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Nicholson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th October 1880.
WILLIAM NICHOLSON, of Sheffield, Yorkshire.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TANNING."
A fresh hide is washed clean and dried, then placed in a shallow bath containing
15 or more per cent. phosphoric acid for the space of a few hours; it is then covered
on both sides with a superalkaline soap (of soda or potash base), which soap shall
contain free ammonia and wood naptha, remaining thus covered for some hours, in
an atmosphere of not exceeding 100° Fht.
The hide is then to be unhaired, washed, and worked in the ordinary way, being
partially dry; it is then treated with a double sulphate of alumina and manganese
at a temperature 65° Fht. After some hours the hide is treated with a solution of
hydrochlorate of ammonia, and allowed another rest, being again washed and dried.
The tanning is effected by oxalate of ammonia, formic acid, or may be oxalic and
hydrocyanic acids, as well as the tannic acid contained in oak bark, valonia, &c.;
also succinic acid and milk during the process (spirits of wine is used in extracting
the tannin from bark, &c.). For certain sorts of leather the hides are subjected to
nitric oxyde vapour; the hide being dry the leather is ready for market.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF RAISED LETTERS AND FIGURES FROM CLAY OR OTHER LIKE MATERIAL, AND IN APPARATUS USED IN THE MAKING OR MOULDING THE SAME
Year: 1880

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Duckett and Alfred Duckett
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th November
1880.
JAMES DUCKETT, of Woodleigh, of Burnley, in the County of Lancaster, Brick
and Tile Manufacturer, and ALFRED DUCKETT, of Burnley aforesaid, trading under
the Style or Firm of J. Duckett and Son, as Brick and Tile Manufacturers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF RAISED LETTERS AND FIGURES FROM
CLAY OR OTHER LIKE MATERIAL, AND IN APPARATUS USED IN THE MAKING OR
MOULDING THE SAME."
Our Invention is designed for the manufacture of raised letters or figures formed
from clay, terra cotta, shale, or other like material in a plastic or semi-plastic state,
which are afterwards burnt or baked in an oven or kiln, and the same may be
glazed or enamelled so as to be suitable for street or railway station names, signs,
or other purposes, being much cheaper and far more durable than those at present
in use.
The method we prefer in making street or railway station names, signs, or
other similar articles, as there are so many kinds of names required, which cause a
different arrangement of letters and figures in nearly every case, consists in forming
a slab or groundwork of clay in a mould of plaster or other material, on which the
raised letters or figures are afterwards placed, and caused to adhere thereto by the
application of moisture or clay wash, and slightly rubbing the under surface of
the letter or figure in its plastic state in the position it is required to assume on the
slab or groundwork. The letters or figures herein referred to are formed or cast in
moulds recessed and shaped to the letter or figure desired; or the letter or figure
moulds may be so formed or shaped as to produce letters or figures having square
bases; these may be jointed together endways by the application of clay wash or
moisture so as to secure the letters or figures in a uniform manner with one
common base or ground work; or raised letters may be formed without base
or groundwork on a mould or block, and shaped to the design or pattern of
such mould or block, and may be made to adhere to any desired surface or place by
the application of Portland or other cement. The various moulds or blocks herein
mentioned are formed by preference of plaster or other absorbent material which
מ
.

page_text: will absorb as much as possible the moisture contained in the clay so moulded.
The figures or letters above alluded to are baked or burnt in a kiln or oven so as
to be made hard and durable, and may be glazed by the well known process known
as salt glazing, or the same may be enamelled so as to produce a better face or finish.
By these means the letters or figures so formed and burnt are not affected by the
destructive action of the atmosphere.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS ENGINES AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITHI FOR THE SUPPLY OF GAS TO THEM
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Richardson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th December 1880.
WILLIAM EDWARD RICHARDSON, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Solicitor. "IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS ENGINES AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED
THEREWITHI FOR THE SUPPLY OF GAS TO THEM."
This Invention has for its object the construction of gas engines and their
appliances in such a manner that they may supply their own gas and become
independent of the ordinary gas supply.
The Invention consists in attaching or in casting on to the cylinder of the engine
a carburator chamber or vessel capable of containing hydro-carbon liquids such as
petroleum and other oils or liquids of a like character. There is also attached to the
engine a pump, by means of which atmospheric air may be drawn in through the
carburator in suitable quantity to render the air thus carburated explosive and fit
it for duty as an explosive motive agent, the heat generated by the explosions
being made available for using liquids that would be otherwise valueless for such a
purpose at ordinary temperatures.
In order to start the engine, provision is made whereby the pump may be thrown
out of gear with the engine and worked by hand. Provision is also made to heat
the carburator if necessary until the heat caused by the explosions is sufficient to
raise the liquid to the requisite temperature.
MENTS IN TRAVELLING WRITING DESKS OR TABLES AND SEATS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Caleb Barker at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 29th January 1880.
CALEB BARKER, of Hall Farm, Taverham, in the County of Norfolk.
MENTS IN TRAVELLING WRITING DESKS OR TABLES AND SEATS."
"IMPROVE-
This Invention relates to improvements in writing desks or tables and seats for
use while travelling in railway carriages or other conveyances.
In carrying out my Invention I employ a desk or table attached to a cord or
cords, elastic or not, or springs, or both, and attached to the roof, hat-rack, or other
convenient part of the railway carriage or other conveyance, and connected with
the floor or seat of such railway carriage or other conveyance, or to the foot or
knee of the person using the desk or table.
I also employ a cord or spring, or its equivalent, to connect the desk or table to
the elbow, arm, wrist, or hand, or to all of these, or to any other suitable part of
the body of the person using the same, the desk or table being made to fold up
or not.
The desk or table can also be suspended by a cord or its equivalent from a tresale,
stool, pole, or stick, or a combination of these.
A similar arrangement can be employed to suspend a chair or seat (or chair or
seat and desk or table combined), so that the writer or user shall be suspended
while travelling.
For holding the paper while writing I employ a spring or clasp fitted to the top
of the desk, which spring or clasp is made to move forward when required and
take the paper with it, so that the hand that is writing can remain in nearly the
same place, and the paper is made to move forward from under the hand line by
line, as required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DRAIN PIPES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Henry Baker at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th October 1880.
THOMAS HENRY BAKER, Architect and Surveyor, of 20, Red Lion Square,
Holborn, London, W.C. "IMPROVEMENTS IN DRAIN PIPES."
The object of the Invention is to avoid the defects of ordinary drains, viz., first,
the want of self cleansing power; secondly, the exuding of setting material (through
the joints at the time of setting) into the interior of the drain; and, thirdly, the
prevention of leakage.
The illustrations shew earthenware pipes of a certain size, but it is intended to
apply the Invention to drains of various sizes and materials.
The new drain, Fig. 4, 5, and 6, combines the advantages of small drains with
those of greater capacity. This is attained by the adoption of small radii for the
bottom of the drain, which confining the sewage (transversely) within the compass
of a small drain causes it to rise to such a height from the bottom of the drain that
it is twice or more than twice as deep as the same quantity of sewage in a circular
or egg-shaped drain of similar capacity. This is illustrated by Figs. 1, 2, and 3,
which shew the respective depths of an equal quantity of water in circular, Fig. 1,
improved pipe, Fig. 2, and egg shaped, Fig. 3, all being of the capacity of a 9 inch
circular drain, the gradients in each case being equal. This greater depth represents
an increased velocity of sewage or self cleansing power of 5 times when the flush
is small, but increasing to 10 times when the flush half fills the drain in favour of
the new drain, see Figs. 2, 4, 5, and 6. Thus a flush, which in the circular or
eggshaped drain would meander slowly to the sewer without power to carry solids
with it, would in the improved pipe form to such a depth, and move with such
velocity as to carry all matter to the sewer, aud prevent the formation or beginning
of an obstruction. The section of the new drain is founded on an equilateral
triangle (but is capable of variation), the corners being rounded off by internal
radii of 1%, inches or thereabouts. Any of these rounded corners form the bottom
of the drain, which should not be laid on one of the flat sides.
In order to prevent the exuding of the setting material into the interior of the
drain a cavity is provided at H, Fig. 4. The setting material is placed round the
socket in the usual way, and the pipe in hand is compressed into the pipe last fixed,
Price A

page_text: until the points E and F touch. The surplus setting material is thus forced into
the cavity H, instead of exuding into the drain between E and F.
The surplus setting material in the cavity H forms an effectual "cork," but in
order to render the drain perfectly tight the interior of the socket and the end of
the pipe are toothed, and left unglazed (Fig. 6), thus preventing the parting of the
setting material between two smooth surfaces. The end of the socket is also
bevelled on the inside, and rounded on the outside (see J, Fig. 4) in order to hold
a strong external fillet of setting material.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BRACES OR SUSPENDERS FOR TROUSERS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmund Edwards at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 27th April 1880. A communication from
abroad by Cender Zender, Manufacturer, of 20, Brandenburg Strasse, Berlin,
in the Empire of Germany.
EDMUND EDWARDS, of the Firm of Edwards and Co., Patent Agents and
Engineers, of 40, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN BRACES OR SUSPENDERS FOR TROUSERS." [A
communication from abroad by Cender Zender, Manufacturer, of 20, Brandenburg
Strasse, Berlin, in the Empire of Germany.]
This Invention has for its object the greater facility and convenience in buttoning
and unbuttoning the leather straps of braces or suspenders ordinarily worn with
trousers.
For this purpose I provide the improved braces with a device so arranged that
the leather straps can, as desired, be placed in or removed from a hook, which
hook can be opened and closed while they remain constantly buttoned to the
trousers.
In the accompanying Drawing Figure 1 represents a perspective view of a pair
of braces with the improved hook forming the connecting link between the braces
themselves and the leather straps, which are provided with button holes in the
usual manner.
The hook a is formed of sheet metal, and receives the band of the brace in a
broad slot b. A rivet c carries a lever d, which can be turned round c as a centre,
and forms in itself a spring pressing against the hook a. This lever d covers and
closes the hook, and is held in its position when closed by a depression ƒ in the
plate of the hook a, which enters a corresponding hole e in the lever d.
Figure 1 in the Drawing represents at the left hand side the hook a closed, and
at the right hand side opened. At the middle is shewn a back view of the
hook.
In all three the leather straps 9 are slipped over the hooks.
Figure 2 is an elevation and vertical section of the hook in natural size. It is
obvious that the braces (the button holes of the leathers g having been once
buttoned over the buttons of the trousers) can be easily fixed or loosened by

page_text: turning the levers d of the hooks aside, and by taking out the leather straps g,
which remain fixed upon the buttons of the trousers.
The hooks when closed hold the leathers g as tightly connected with the
suspenders as if they were sewn on. Therefore the improved braces or suspenders
may be used with as great facility and convenience as in the usual well known 5
manner employed with braces of the ordinary form.
ANS EMPLOYED FOR ADVERTISING."
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Frearson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 7th February 1880.
JOHN FREARSON, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick.
IN THE MEANS EMPLOYED FOR ADVERTISING."
"IMPROVEMENTS
My Invention relates to advertising by means of rotating or moving surfaces, on
which are illustrated printed or written subjects to which the attention of the
public is desired.
This object I effect by means of vertical, diagonal, or horizontal shafts revolved
by the tractive force of the wheels of vehicles as they move along. In the case of
ordinary vans or carts I obtain the motion from the nave of one or more of the
wheels by either tooth, friction, or band gearing.
In the case of light carts specially designed for the purpose of street advertisement,
I should prefer to make the wheels fast upon the shafts, or one wheel fast and the
opposite one loose, so as to more easily turn corners, and the main body or
lower part of the vehicle stationary. Upon this shaft I fix my gear, whether tooth,
friction, or band gear, for working my light shafts, which would carry the devices or
notices for advertisement.
In the case of a small cart to be moved by a man or boy, I should use one central
group of hollow shafts working inside each other, telescope fashion, each being
supplied with a disc at its lower end, revolved by friction wheels from the axle.
The upper portion of these shafts would carry triangular or other shaped show
cards, which would work one above another, and they would be so varied in their
forms, speeds, devices, relative positions, and motions as to attract great attention.
These revolving advertisers may all turn in the same direction as, or in opposite
directions to each other, and they are applicable to shop windows, railway stations,
or other such places, but in the latter cases they would be revolved by machinery
instead of the traction of the vehicle.
My Invention would also be easily applied to tricycles and such like machines,
where the operator could when desired be hidden from view.
Thus I obtain the desired object of attracting great attention to the various
moving surfaces with a minimum expense.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FILLING OR FACING COMPOSITIONS FOR USE IN THE PREPARATION OF BODIES FOR PAINTING OR FOR OTHER USES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Charles Clarke and Robert
Mac Ausland at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th
September 1880.
FREDERICK CHARLES CLARKE and ROBERT MAC AUSLAND, both of Manchester,
in the County of Lancaster, Painters. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
FILLING OR FACING COMPOSITIONS FOR USE IN THE PREPARATION OF BODIES
FOR PAINTING OR FOR OTHER USES."
Our Invention relates to the compositions principally used in the filling of
depressions or cracks in wood or metal, or in other bodies, or in producing level, or
smooth, or suitable surfaces for the reception of paint. In the preparation of such
compositions we use the shale or substance which usually forms an upper layer
covering the slate strata, or we use the same or similar substances otherwise found
in connection with slate. We grind or pulverise the said shale, and we incorporate
the powder by means of trituration or grinding with such matters as boiled oil,
raw linseed oil, turpentine, terebine, gold size and varnish, or we grind the shale
with such matters. The said matters are selected and the proportions of such
matters are fixed to suit the application for which the composition is intended to
be particulary suitable. By means of our Invention we obtain a superior
composition at a low price, and we render useful the said shale which has hitherto
been thrown away as being useless.
A NEW OR IMPROVED HYDRAULIC APPARATUS FOR DRAWING CORKS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Rowland Hill Berkeley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th April 1880.
ROWLAND HILL BERKELEY, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manu-
facturer. "A NEW OR IMPROVED HYDRAULIC APPARATUS FOR DRAWING
CORKS."
The object of this Invention is to construct a machanical corkscrew that the
operation of drawing corks is far more easily performed than at present, and the
danger from the breakage of the bottle is reduced to a minimum.
I first provide a suitable corkscrew, which is by preference longer than those
generally used; immediately above the screw is formed a shoulder or collar.
Under this collar is caused to take a lifting bar of suitable size and strength;
this lifting bar is actuated in the following manner :-
Attached to the frame through which the corkscrew works is a small pump; this
is supplied with water from a cistern fitted to any convenient part of the frame.
This pump in its turn forces water into a cylinder fitted with a suitable piston, and
this piston is connected with the before described lifting bar.
When it is desired to use my improved corkscrew, nothing more is required than
to insert the screw into the cork intended to be drawn, actuate the pump, and the
water is forced into the cylinder, which in its turn raises the lifting bar, and the
operation is complete.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN CIGARETTE PAPER APPLICABLE ALSO TO MADE CIGARETTES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Georges Olivier at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 16th April 1880.
GEORGES OLIVIER, of Bordeaux, in the Department of the Gironde, and Republic
of France. "AN IMPROVEMENT IN CIGARETTE PAPER APPLICABLE ALSO TO MADE
CIGARETTES."
My Invention consists simply in applying at one of the ends of a leaf or sheet of
cigarette paper a small strip or band of tin, silver, gold, or other suitable metal.
The object of this strip of tin foil or other metal is to prevent the paper sticking
to the lips, and as sometimes happens causing them to bleed. It also prevents the
paper from tearing when wetted with saliva, and consequently the tobacco from
spreading in the mouth and getting into the stomach, the smoker being thus
preserved from the injurious effects of nicotine.
Finally it gives the cigarette an elegant appearance which is not to be despised.
I not only propose to apply this strip of metal to cigarette paper, but also to
ready made cigarettes, and in lieu of laying on a strip or band of metal I may
metallize the sheet of paper at one of its ends by any known chemical means.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GRADUATED GLASSES FOR MEDICAL AND OTHER USES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John George Sowerby at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th April 1880.
JOHN GEORGE SOWERBY, of the Ellison Glass Works, Gateshead on Tyne, in the
County of Durham, Glass Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF GRADUATED GLASSES FOR MEDICAL AND OTHER USES."
This Invention relates to the manufacture of graduated glasses of pressed glass,
the graduation of the glass being offected by the action of the plunger in the
mould; also to the formation of an elongated lip or channel, facilitating the pouring
out of the measured liquid.
I propose to make the surface of my plunger in a succession of steps, the length
or depth of each step being regulated to give a measure of liquid, and upon the
mould I form the numbers, marks, or indications, corresponding to the measure
given by each step of the plunger.
The mould and plunger will taper more or less to the bottom, the plane surface
of the mould being broken only by the marks or indications, and that of the
plunger by its steps.
The pressure of the plunger upon the metal poured into the mould will produce
on the inside of the glass thus made steps corresponding with those of the plunger,
and the measure given by each of the circles of different diameter and depth will
be indicated on the outside of the glass by the indications or marks printed by the
mould.
With ordinary graduated glasses it is difficult to dispense small quantities of
medicine quickly and without waste, as the medicine spreads over the glass; and
to obviate this I propose to form by the action of the plunger a channel or elongated
lip extending from the bottom to the top of the vessel, into which the liquid may
be at once directed, and thus be delivered with facility.
This channel or elongated lip may be applied not only to pressed glasses
graduated, as above set forth, but also to those graduated in the ordinary
manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HELIOSTATS OR INSTRUMENTS FOR SIGNALLING BY SUN FLASHES."
Year: 1880

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Tempest Anderson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th August 1880.
TEMPEST ANDERSON, of No. 17, Stonegate, in the City and County of York,
IMPROVEMENTS IN HELIOSTATS OR INSTRUMENTS FOR SIGNALLING BY SUN
FLASHES."
My Invention relates to the construction of a heliostat or instrument for
signalling by sun flashes in combination with a field glass or telescope, in such a
manner that the operator can with readiness and certainty direct the signalling
flashes towards the observer, and can see that they reach him. For this purpose I
attach to the telescope a mirror, which can be set at any required angle so as to
reflect the suns rays in a direction parallel to the axis of the telescope, and I mount
this mirror on a spring rocking frame, so that by the pressure of the finger it can
be caused to oscillate from this position, the spring restoring it when the pressure
of the finger is relieved. I also attach to the telescope a small screen, on which
through a condensing lens a portion of the light reflected from the mirror above
mentioned is brought to a focus, arranging small mirrors to reflect the light on
this screen, or to reflect an image of the screen to the eye applied to the telescope,
the screen and its mirror being so adjusted that when the sun's rays are reflected
in the line parallel to the axis of the telescope a bright spot or image of the sun is
presented upon the screen, which spot moves away when the rays are otherwise
reflected. In employing this instrument, the operator directs the telescope towards
the point where the signal is to be received, and then moves the principal mirror
on its spring frame until he sees through the telescope the bright spot on the screen
at the same time as he sees the object on which the signal is to be directed. He
can then by the alternate application and relief of the pressure of his finger on the
spring frame direct flashes of longer or shorter duration upon the receiving point,
the succession and combination of those flashes constituting signals according to
any predetermined code. The mirrors employed may be either of silvered glass or
of the prismatic kind, those which reflect a portion of light to render the spot on
the screen visible in the telescope being preferably of plain glass, so as to be only
partially reflective while they remain transparent.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PIANOFORTES AND OTHER MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Augustus Hely at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th October 1880.
ALFRED AUGUSTUS HELY, of No. 6, Lansdowne Gardens, South Lambeth, in the
County of Surrey, Gentleman. "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF PIANOFORTES AND OTHER MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS."
I provide such part or parts as the front, back, top, and sides of pianofortes and
the like wooden cased musical instruments, wholly or partly of glass; or I cover
the same with glass, either plain, colored, or ornamented, in order more effectually
to insulate and transmit the sound, and these glass plates or coverings may be
unevenly cut or fixed so as to leave apertures at their edges; or they may be
perforated in their surfaces when and whereever such openings may be required
for regulating the transmission of the said sound.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC LAMPS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Paul Célestin de Puydt and
Joseph Cougnet at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th
January 1880.
JEAN PAUL CÉLESTIN DE PUYDT and JOSEPH COUGNET, both of Brussels, in the
Kingdom of Belgium, Civil Engineers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC LAMPS."
Our Invention relates to improvements in electric lamps, and consists in the
development or production of the light from pieces of carbon, either pure or mixed
with other substances, used in a closed vessel in which a vacuum or a partial
vacuum is produced by any suitable means.
In some cases we use in the said closed vessel gas or gases or volatile matters.
The carbon we prefer to use is pure carbon, either natural carbon or carbon
prepared by any well known suitable process.
Whatever be the form or the nature of apparatus or arrangement used, the
illuminating source is an electric arc of light produced in a vacuum or in a partial
vacuum in which is a gas or a mixture of gases or volatile material.
Several lamps may be used in the same circuit.