IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS, HYDRO-CARBON, AND OTHER MOTIVE POWER ENGINES
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edwin Ambrose Brydges, of the Firm of Brydges &
Co., Engineers and Patent Solicitors, of 73, Koeniggraetzer Str., in the City
of Berlin and German Empire, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
GAS, HYDRO-CARBON, AND OTHER MOTIVE POWER ENGINES." A commu-
nication by M. V. Schiltz, Dr. Med., of the City of Cologne, in the German
Empire aforesaid.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edwin Ambrose Brydges
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd August 1881.
EDWIN AMBROSE BRYDGES, of the Firm of. Brydges & Co., Engineers and
Patent Solicitors, of 73, Koeniggraetzer Str., in the City of Berlin and German
Empire. "IMPROVEMENTS IN CAS, HYDRO-CARBON, AND OTHER MOTIVE POWER
ENGINES." A communication by M. V. Schiltz, Dr. Med., of the City of Cologne,
in the German Empire aforesaid.
This Invention relates to improvements in gas, hydro-carbon, and other motive.
power engines, and consists of a suitable construction and arrangements of the
parts so that the following advantages are attained, i.e. :—
1. The suddenness and force of the explosive action, which in ordinary machines
rapidly decreases, is converted into an equable or progressively increasing power.
2. The heat generated is fully utilised and employed for producing power and
motion.
3. The application of petroleum and other hydro-carbons or gas producing sub-
stances or materials is facilitated and the applicability of small motors considerably
increased.
The object abovenamed ad 1 is attained by substituting several successive
combustions or explosions and a suitably subdivided explosion chamber or chambers
for the customary explosion chamber, so that the successive explosions exercise a
continuous and equable pressure.
The object named ad 2 is attained by producing not only the entire and perfect
combustion of the hydro-carbon or other substance, or material, or liquid emploved.
:

page_text: but also the perfect utilisation of the warmth generated for the further production
or generation of steam and the increase of power from the water injected behind
the piston, which said water is previously warmed by the surplus heat which
would otherwise be lost.
Instead of cooling the cylinders as customary the same are warmed, and the
excessive or surplus heat led off with the steam generated.
In this manner the object ad 3, that is, the rational application of hydro-
carbons or other gas producing materials, substances, or liquids and small motors, is
achieved.
The subdividing of the explosion chamber into several compartments can be
carried out as follows, that is to say :-
-
a). The said compartments can be situated or arranged around the prolonged axis
of the cylinder and in juxtaposition to each other,
b). The same can be arranged concentrical to the cylinder as cylinders themselves
or as cylindrical rings behind the said cylinder.
c). The said explosion chambers or compartments can be arranged as concentrical
cylinders behind the main cylinder and behind each other; or
d). The said compartments or explosion chambers can be arranged as segments of
a circle around the rear part of the cylinder.
According to the method or arrangement described under (a), three or more
explosion chambers are arranged in juxtaposition to each other around the
prolongation to the cylinder axis.
The machine consists of the following principal parts:-
1. An ordinary cylinder with piston and piston rod and the explosion chambers
behind the cylinder, which said cylinder and explosion chambers are surrounded
by one and the same mantle or jacket.
2. A piston rod, connected to the fly wheel in customary manner.
3. A regulator shaft, which is in connection with the crank shaft by means of
bevel gearing.
4. A receptacle or vessel for the compression of atmospheric air or gas, and for
holding or containing petroleum or other hydro-carbon and water.
Several (in this case, three) explosion chambers are arranged at the end of the
cylinder and are separated from the same by a partition wall, but can be placed
in connection with the said cylinder by means of circular or other borings or
perforations in the said partition wall, which said openings are closed by means of
automatically acting valves or in other suitable manner.
These valves are automatically opened by the pressure of the gas in the
cylinder, but close by their own weight as soon as the pressure is removed. In
order to conduct the ignition of the explosive mixture which is ignited from the
outside, as described further on in this Specification, into the other chambers, the
first of these said chambers is connected with the second chamber, and this second
chamber with the third chamber by means of small tubes or pipes of suitable size
and length.
These tubes can be fastened in the partition walls or be arranged outside the
cylinder.
The aforenamed three explosion chambers or compartments can be of unequal
capacity.
A tube, which is provided with a perforated mouth piece, runs in the axis of the
cylinder through the centre of the explosion chambers, so as to inject water in all
directions behind the piston.

page_text: All the explosion chambers are located behind or to the rear of the cylinder,
and can be attached to the same by means of screws or in other suitable manner.
Each of the explosion chambers is provided at the one end of the same and near
the axis of the cylinder with an inlet port for atmospherical air, and one such like
inlet port for gas, petroleum, or other hydro carbon.
These air and gas or other inlet ports are connected with each other on the
well known principle of the spray injector, so as to attain a rapid admixture of
the same.
A touch hole leads from the exterior into the lower explosion chamber, close
to the air and gas ports, so that the explosion can be carried out from the
exterior and the exploding or igniting flame sucked or drawn into the said
chamber.
All these openings are closed or opened by means of a circular valve which
revolves around the water tube or pipe, which serves as axis to the said valve.
This said valve is so attached and held in correct position by means of a circular
valve cover and screws, or their equivalents, that the said valve can easily
revolve air tight between the cover and the end of the explosion chamber and
around a common axis.
The valve cover is provided with a corresponding number of circular borings
with the explosion chambers, which said borings serve to receive the requisite
tubes or pipes, that is, three air and three gas or petroleum inlet ports and an
igniting boring, opening, or touch hole which leads to the lower explosion
chamber.
This touch hole does not run direct from the exterior to the interior, but from
a vertical draught tube attached to the valve cover.
The igniting flame, which is kept burning with gas or by means of a petroleum.
wick, is drawn into the said vertical tube.
When the valve is in correct igniting position the igniting flame passes from the
draught tube in the valve cover into the lowest explosion chamber, whereas the
flame is at other times drawn straight up the draught tube or pipe.
If the machine is to be employed exclusively for petroleum, an opening, which is
not in connection with the slide valve and cover, is arranged in the lower explosion
chamber, so that a petroleum lamp can be arranged beneath the same and the heat
generated by the lamp led through the lower explosion chamber in order to warm
the petroleum and attain a more rapid evaporation of the same in case the machine
has been standing still and become cold, and to enable the said machine to be put
quicker into operation. This opening is kept constantly closed during the regular
working of the machine by means of a sliding cover, which can be readily moved
backwards and forwards by hand.
If the warmth generated by the lamp shall not only be drawn or sucked in by
one or more strokes of the piston (which latter is in such case moved by hand by
means of the fly wheel) but continuously circulate, a suitable draught pipe or tube,
and a second opening, which can also be closed by a suitable slide, must be
introduced, and this draught pipe put in connection with the chimney in order to
attain sufficient draught to assure the perfect combustion of the petroleum or
other hydro-carbon.
In the wall of the cylinder, near the wall or partition which separates the said
cylinder from the explosion chambers, and as far to the rear as possible, is the
outlet port for the spent gases, which said outlet port is provided with a slide
valve, and is in connection with the chimney or pipe leading from the valve
cover.
This slide valve uncovers or gives free the outlet port when moved in the
direction of the crank shaft, and closes the same when moved in the direction of
the cylinder cover.
The cylinder end is provided with an air tight cover, screwed or otherwise suitably
attached to the same, through the centre of which said cover the piston rod moves
in a suitable airtight stuffing box.

page_text: This said cover is arranged in the manner as described for the purpose of being
able to employ the space above the piston as an air pump, and is therefore provided
with an air inlet port beneath and an air outlet port at the superior part, both of
which said ports are closed and opened by selfacting valves.
The inlet port is freed to permit the entrance of air, whereas the outlet port is
provided with a tube or pipe for leading the compressed air into the compression
chamber on the cylinder, which said. tube is provided with a suitable ball valve.
Both cylinder and explosion chambers are surrounded by a mantle or jacket
which is able to receive the water from the compression vessel or chamber, and
also prevents the overheating of the cylinder, but is especially applied for utilising
the heat, which would otherwise be lost, for warming the. water before.its entrance
into the cylinder, and thus assisting the conversion of the same into steam.
The water space around the cylinder and that around the explosion receptacle
or chambers are connected above and below by tubes, so that the warmth around
the explosion chamber or chambers is greater than that around the cylinder.
The preparatory warming space is connected with the compression vessel or
receptacle by means of a tube from below towards the crank axle, so that the space
is kept constantly full of rain water from the vessel.
'
The pipe runs from the top of the mantle downwards, is provided with an
automatic valve, and runs in the axis of the cylinder through the valve box,
through the valve, and in the centre between the explosion chambers into the
cylinder.
This pipe acts as axis for the valve which can revolve freely between the valve
cover and the ends of the explosion chambers.
The valve is also provided with teeth on its periphery, and receives its revolving
motion through the gearing from the regulator shaft.
In order that the gases and fluids may pass through the valve and the ends of
the explosion chambers correctly, the openings in the valve cover, which are
externally round, are internally congruent with the outer openings in the ends of
the explosion chambers, and so arranged that the water pipe runs through the
centre, whereas the other pōrts or openings are radially arranged.
The gas or hydro-carbon ports are in the inner, whereas the air ports are in the
outer radial circle equidistant from each other.
Supposing that of the three explosion chambers the first is below, the second
to the left above, the third to the right above, the two latter separated by a
vertical partition, the other chambers separated_by_inclined partitions,_and_the_
vertical radius line to be zero, the centre of the three gas or petroleum ports
will lay in the radius line zero, under 120°, and under 240° from right to left
below.
A.
The air ports lay consequently from 0° to 30°, from 120° to 150°, and from 240°
to 270°, and the round igniting port or touch hole which leads to the first
explosion chamber at about 15° between the air and gas ports in the central radial
line, whilst the second and third explosion chambers have only then a touch
hole or igniting opening when the explosion is not intended to be carried out
automatically by means of the connecting igniting tubes mentioned above, but to
be carried out through the circular valve with which each touch hole or igniting
port then communicates.
If the circular valve has the same radial divisions, the central port and also the
gas or petroleum ports in the inner circle struck through the radius lines will be
at 30°, 150°, and 270°; the square air ports in the outer circle through the said
radius lines between 0° to 30°, 120° to 150°, and 240° to 270°; those in the centre
of the three round touch holes or igniting ports will stand at 60°, 180°, and 300°
on the circle struck through the various radial lines.
If the explosion is not to be carried out direct and automatically by means of
the ignition tubes from the first or lower explosion chamber, but the explosion in
all three explosion chambers regulated from the circular valve, three ignition ports

page_text: will be required in the lower end of the explosion chambers instead of one, id est,
one for each chamber, so that the explosions take place one after the other.
In this case the first explosion in the lower chamber is carried out direct from
the igniting flame, the second and third not direct, but by leading the igniting
tubes through the valve into the respective explosion chambers so that the
explosions take place successively.
If the position of the igniting openings, or ports, or touch holes are varied, the
explosion will be delayed; if, for instance, the ignition openings or ports are
moved about 12° or 24° the second explosion will take place when the piston is at
half stroke, and the third at three quarter stroke.
If a compressed mixture is to be exploded in the explosion chamber or chambers,
the igniting flame can be pressed instead of being drawn into the lower explosion
chamber by means of the compression vessel.
This is carried out from the regulator shaft by closing the upper part of the
draught pipe and connecting the lower opening with the compression vessel.
As the compression in the compression vessel is decreased in consequence of
emptying of the explosion chamber through the explosion itself, it is necessary to
add a side compartment to the compression vessel, which vessels are connected
with each other by a port provided with a suitable valve.
The igniting tube or pipe is connected to the compartment as specially described
later on.
2). A special description of the crank shaft with fly wheel and strap drum is not
necessary.
3). The regulator shaft runs by the side of the cylinder parallel to the axis of
the same, and is arranged so as to carry out the regulation movements described
below; the said regulator shaft is driven from the crank shaft by means of suitable
bevel gearing.
The teeth in the bevel wheels are equal in number, so that the regulator shaft
makes the same number of revolutions with the crank shaft.
The adjustments or regulating movements effected from the regulator shaft are
as follows:
a. The circular valve receives one third of a revolution at each double stroke of
the machine by means of the spur wheel keyed or otherwise attached to the
regulator shaft, which said wheel is provided with one third the number of teeth
to those of the periphery of the valve.
If the distance between the regulator shaft and the periphery of the valve is
too great, or necessitates the employment of a very large wheel on the said shaft,
an intermediate wheel can be employed, and the movement of the said regulator
shaft be in this manner transmitted to the toothed valve.
In order to regulate the speed of the machine a regulator can be attached to
the regulator shaft or to the crank shaft, so that when the machine is driven at
high speed a muff' or tube is raised, but lowered when the speed is decreased.
This muff or tube can be moved in the direction of the axle.
The forked end of the angle lever catches in a cavity or slot in the muff, whereas
the opposite end of the said lever moves the valve rod in the direction of the
regulator shaft.
This rod is bent at a right angle downward, catches in the cavity or slot in the
muff on the regulator axle, and rests on the said muff by its own weight, whilst
the muff keyed to the shaft follows the movement of the same.
The sets of excentrics or cams are attached to this muff in a similar manner to
the arrangement employed in pugmills, etc. b. To reduce or increase the feed of
the gas or hydro-carbon so as to assure the correct functioning of the machine by
opening or closing the principal cock or valve through which the fluids are admitted
into the explosion chambers, or by operating a slide valve instead of the said cock.
c. To keep the outlet valve for the gas closed after the saine has been expanded by
raising the rod by means of the angle lever, which is operated by the camis during
the upstroke of the piston.

page_text: If no fresh explosive mixture is admitted during the downstroke of the piston,
and consequently no explosion takes place, a partial vacuum will be produced in
the space behind the said piston during the upstroke of the same, so that the
atmospheric pressure and the compressed air in front of the piston tends to hinder
or decrease the rapidity of the stroke.
That set of cams which operates on the principal cock or valve consists of three
or four cams, each cam in the set higher or larger than the preceding cam.
The cam which operates on the outlet valve is simple and lifts at the same tine
as the highest cam of the same set.
Both sets of cams are attached to the same muff, but stand in diametrically
opposite positions to each other, so that one set acts on the principal cock during
the downward stroke of the piston, whereas the other acts on the rod to the outlet
valve on the upstroke of the said piston.
The cams are attached to short rings or made of one piece with the same; each
of these said rings is of like diameter with the preceding cam.
The surface of the cam for the gas inlet valve is semicircular, and when seen
from the side forms a circle with the ring to the semicircular cam of the other set,
id est, the cam for the outlet valve.
The lever arms are provided at their extremeties with friction rollers which
run on the cam surfaces, so that the said lever arms are moved nearer to the
cylinder, and thus effect a raising of the handle to the principal cock or the valve
rod, which is jointed to the outlet valve by means of the arms of the said angle
lever.
This valve rod protrudes beyond the cylinder towards the crank shaft, is wider
at this end, and provided with a suitable slit or slot, in which said slit or slot
the pin, projection, or vertical rod on the guide piece for the piston rod fits or
catches.
This pin or projection moves backwards and forwards with the piston rod and
opens the outlet valve towards the end of the upstroke of the piston by means of
the valve rod, and closes the said valve towards the end of the downstroke of the
piston.
In order that this opening and closing of the aforenamed valve may be carried
out without noise or injury to the parts, the projection or pin possesses a certain
degree of elasticity, and a spring is so arranged at each end of the slot in the said
rod that the blow or concussion between the ends of the slot and the said projection
or pin is reduced to a minimum.
If the rod has been somewhat raised during the upstroke_of_the_piston by means-
of the lever as above described, the outlet valve will not be opened.
4). The receptacle or vessel which is employed for compressing air containing
petroleum and water, and if desired also gas, which is drawn or sucked in with
the air above the piston, is made, constructed, or cast in any suitable form from
cast or other iron, or other suitable material or metal, and is divided by a partition
or metallic or other wall, running nearly to the upper end or top of the said vessel
or receptacle into two separate compartments.
One of the so formed compartments contains petroleum, whereas the other
compartment contains rain water.
The indicators or water glasses attached to the said vessel or receptacle serve to
indicate the height of both fluids in the same.
In order to regulate the pressure of the gas pressed through a tube, which is
provided with a ball valve, a suitable safety valve is attached to the neck of the
compression vessel or receptacle, so that petroleum, water, and gas are kept con-
stantly under like pressure.
A water pipe leads from the deepest or lowest point of the water receptacle or
vessel to the cylinder jacket or mantle.
An air tube leads from the uppermost point of the vessel to the explosion
chamber. The petroleum pipe or tube leads from the lower portion of the petroleum

page_text: As soon as the igniting flame has been lit, the gas cock opened, and the petroleum
cock closed, the fly wheel is given one or two turns by hand in order to still further
compress the already compressed air in the compression chamber, id est, if the said
air was not previously sufficiently compressed.
By means of this air compression the immediate entry of the combustible mixture
nto the three explosion chambers is attained, so that the first explosion and the
first automatic forward movement of the piston occurs during the first fourth part
of the stroke of the piston, which said piston continues to operate automatically
through the intervention of the fly wheel, and the ejection and refilling from the
compression receptacle or vessel.
If the gas supply is cut off, or if no gas is present and the petroleum cock is
opened, the lower explosion chamber must be warmed before the machine is put
in motion.
This is carried out by opening the warming valves and lighting the petroleum
lamp. In order to facilitate the warming of the explosion chambers the water in
the space between the cylinder and jacket or mantle can be let off, as the said space
can be immediately filled from the compression receptacle if the machine is to be
put into operation.
As soon as the lower explosion chamber or compartment has been sufficiently
warmed, a single revolution of the fly wheel will immediately cause the machine
to commence working automatically, as is the case with gas.
The operation of putting the machine in motion when petroleum is employed
can be facilitated when a second vessel or receptacle containing volatile combustion

page_text: material, such as petroleum, ether ligroine, etc., is connected to the compression
vessel or receptacle.
A second
This said second vessel or receptacle is provided with a suitable tube or pipe
which is joined or connected to the petroleum pipe or tube, and which said pipe or
tube, which forms the connection between the said second vessel or receptacle and
the petroleum pipe or tube, is provided with a suitable cock or valve.
tube or pipe leads from the upper part, cover, or lid to this said vessel or receptacle
for containing highly volatile hydro-carbons or similar fluids, to the, air space of
the compression vessel or receptacle.
In consequence of this arrangement the machine is driven by means of petroleum
ether until the compartments are sufficiently warm, when the cock or valve to the
pipe connecting the ether vessel or receptacle is closed, and the further operations
of the machine carried on by means of the petroleum.
Both cocks, that is, the cock leading to the ether vessel or receptacle, and the
cock to the petroleum tube or pipe, can be replaced by a single two-way cock, so
that a slight turn to the said cock will open or close one of the ways and close, or
open the other. The apparatus for preparatorily warming the lower explosion
chamber is a common petroleum lamp with draught tubes which serve to direct
the heat through the compartment to the outlet pipe or chimney, and can readily
be employed for facilitating the evaporation of the hydro-carbon before the entry
of the said hydro-carbon into the lower explosion room.
The draught tube or pipe to the petroleum lamp is surrounded by a closed
receptacle or vessel, which said receptacle or vessel is provided with an inlet, and
outlet tube or pipe.
If the lower explosion room, compartment, or chamber is sufficiently warm, the
requisite cock or valve is opened, and the petroleum or petroleum ether led through
the vessel or receptacle aforenamed before its entry into the lower explosion
compartment.
The said petroleum or petroleum ether escapes in evaporated or vaporised state
into the lower explosion chamber or compartment.
In order to replace the fluids used it is only necessary to raise the stopper to the
safety valve and then fill one or other compartment by means of a funnel with a
bent neck or tube attached to the same.
The above mentioned compression ignition is carried out by opening up the
pipe communicating with the side compression receptacle or vessel at correct
time.
This receptacle or vessel is connected to the principal receptacle or vessel
by means of a short tube, which is so provided with a suitable valve that
the air can escape from the principal receptacle or vessel into the side vessel or
receptacle, but not in the reverse direction.
The air can consequently only escape through the aforenamed tube or pipe
and the igniting flame for a moment only at every double stroke of the machine.
In consequence of this arrangement the compression of the air in the side
receptacles remains at the same height as in the chief vessel after the raising of the
piston, and does not sink when the pressure is decreased in the said chief vessel or
receptacle.
The outlet pipe or tube to the side vessel or receptacle is provided with a
suitable cock, and enters the draught tube to the igniting flame near the cover to
the circular valve..
The opening of this cock, the closing of the draught pipe by means of a cone,
and the pushing in of the mouth piece containing the igniting flame from beneath
in the conical opening in the valve cover, take place at the correct moment by
means of a cam, curve, or exentric attached to the extreme outward end of the
regulator shaft or spindle. This cam, curve, or exentric operates on the lever arm
of a double lever, the arms of which possess a certain elasticity, so that the arms
of the said double lever are forced open by means of a wedge which is attached to
a rod, so that one of the said arms pushes the igniting flame and its cone into the

page_text: requisite opening, whereas the other arm closes the draught pipe by means of a
wire or its equivalent, and at the same time opens the cock to the subsidiary or
assistant compression receptacle or vessel.
All these movements occur simultaneously with the opening of the touch hole
or igniting opening in the lower explosion chamber into which the igniting flame
is pressed.
As soon as the wedge is withdrawn the arms of the double lever are pushed back
requisite opening, whereas the other arm closes the draught pipe by means of a
wire or its equivalent, and at the same time opens the cock to the subsidiary or
assistant compression receptacle or vessel.
All these movements occur simultaneously with the opening of the touch hole
or igniting opening in the lower explosion chamber into which the igniting flame
is pressed.
As soon as the wedge is withdrawn the arms of the double lever are pushed back
by means of suitable springs.
The same constructions are to be used when two or more than three explosion
chambers are employed
The second arrangement of the machine is founded on the same principle as
the first arrangement, and is provided with explosion chambers lying one behind
the other.
For certain purposes it may be necessary to construct the machine considerably
lighter, whereby this arrangement can be employed.
If the walls which are destined to resist strong onesided pressure are made
cylindrical, the same can be made of steel and consequently considerably thinner.
For this purpose I employ the following arrangements.
The motor consists of the following principal parts
-
1. The cylinder and the three or more cylindrical explosion chambers which lay
one behind the other.
The cylinder and the explosion chambers serve the like purpose as those
described under the foregoing construction, and are surrounded by a jacket or
mantle of thin material. The piston moves, as beforementioned, airtight in the
cylinder.
II. The flywheel, which is constructed considerably lighter and larger, the
curve, and the compression vessel or receptacle, and the tubes or pipes pertaining
to the same. All the walls, which are subjected to strong outside pressure, consist
of cylindrical or elliptical plates.
The jacket is attached to the cylinder cover by means of suitable screws, bolts,
or their equivalents.
The joints are all filled up and rendered absolutely tight by means of lead or
other suitable packing.
The piston is hollow; the piston rod is made from a piece of piping or tubing,
or can be made of solid metal, as before described.
The spokes of the flywheel, which are attached tangentially to the nave or hub
of the said wheel, can consist of tubes or of rods having a cross like section +, and
the crank axle can also be made from a piece of tubing.
The compression vessel or receptacle can be of a rounded form, and the thin
partition wall run to the bottom of the same as in the construction described
above.
The atmospheric air and the gas (petroleum) enter in three or more explosion
chambers, which are placed one behind the other simultaneously by means of a gas
(petroleum) and air opening in the side of each explosion chamber, whilst the
touch hole or igniting opening is only arranged in the foremost explosion chamber,
so that the explosion takes place in this chamber first.
The explosive power or flame is communicated to the explosion matter in the
second chamber through a small tube or pipe in the rear wall or the partition wall
between the first and second chambers, and from here through a like opening in
the second partition wall to the third explosion chamber, so that each explosion
is strengthened or increased by the following explosion by means of the self acting
valves in the partition walls, which open in the direction towards the piston, and
close in the opposite direction, and in this manner the total explosion force of the
three chambers operates on the piston.

page_text: 1+
Three air inlet openings, three gas (petroleum) openings, and a touch-hole
or igniting opening leading to the explosion chamber are arranged in suitable
manner.
:
All the inlets to the explosion chambers are opened and closed in regular
succession by means of the slide valve which is held in snug contact with the seat
or surface beneath, in which the respective openings or borings are formed.
Like openings are made in the valve cover congruent to the openings in the
valve surface or seat, i.c., the plane surface on which the valve slides.
The openings in the valve cover are, however, round towards the outer side,
and provided with inlet pipes or tubes, and the other necessary arrangements, as
mentioned in the description of the first construction.
The slide valve is operated or slid back and forwards by means of a valve rod
and an excentrical disc attached to the crank axle. This disc possesses one fourth
or 90° more excentricity than the crank.
Air enters during the entire back stroke of the piston, and gas (petroleum)
towards the end of the back and commencement of the upstroke of the same, and
the explosion takes place after the closing of the ports. The space traversed by
the slide valve is divided into two halves; the air port is arranged in the one half
and the gas (petroleum) port in the other half near the air port, and the touch-hole
or igniting port at such suitable distance that the explosion takes place during the
first fourth part of the stroke of the piston.
The gas (petroleum) ports in the slide valve and the ports in the valve seat
correspond with each other at the dead points of the crank, but no combustion
matter can enter towards the end of the upstroke on account of the high tension
in the chambers.
Should a recoil or backward flow of the gas (petroleum) take place, or appear
likely, an automatic valve can be arranged in the feed pipe for the combustion
matter.
Gas (petroleum) can consequently only enter when the openings or ports
correspond with each other.
The touchhole or igniting port of the slide valve corresponds twice by each
double stroke with the igniting port of the slide valve seat.
In order to open up the port in the slide valve by a movement of the same to
the left, and close the same by a movement to the right, the slide valve is reduced
to half its thickness at the end corresponding to the touchhole or igniting port
and the failing thickness filled out by a second short slide which slides on the
chief slide valve at each backward and forward movement or stroke, so that the..
port in the small valve corresponds with the opening or igniting port in the
inovement to the left, but remains closed during the movement to the right.
This sliding of the large and small slides in opposite directions to each other is
carried out either by means of a slot or boring in which a short pin or round pivot
attached to the valve rod or the large slide catches, or both slides can be moved
by means of two excentrics which are attached to the crank shaft but do not
correspond with each other.
The explosion chambers which are arranged concentrically to the cylinder axis
and to the rear of the said cylinder, one behind the other, are separated from each
other and from the cylinder by means of suitably arched or bent walls in which
the valves for emptying the said chambers are fixed, and in which the aforementioned
small igniting tubes are attached.
The water pipe or tube which leads from the preparatory warming chamber
through the explosion chambers to the cylinder serves also as support for the
partitions between the explosion chambers and the cylinder.
The regulation of the speed of the machine is effected in like manner with the
construction described above by means of a regulator placed near the crank axle
and rotated from the same by means of bevel gearing.
The angle levers are attached to the crank axle and serve to operate the

page_text: excentrics on the muff or tube as described above with reference to the first
construction.
The same divider or scissorlike lever arrangement as described in the foregoing
arrangement is also employed in this construction for opening and closing the
igniting port or opening, and is operated by means of the excentric attached to the
crank axle.
As the regulating arrangements are arranged substantially in the same manner
as described under the foregoing construction, a special description of the same, and
also the manner of putting the apparatus in motion is not necessary.
The same construction is to be employed when two or more than three explosion
chambers are to be employed. Either one or both of these methods can be employed
in constructing motors in which the explosion chambers are arranged at each end
of the cylinder, so that the force produced is exerted on the piston at each stroke of
the same, in which case a separate air pump is employed instead of using the
cylinder as air pump.
If this construction is duplicated a twin machine is produced so that a flywheel
is not necessary.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Edwin Ambrose Brydges in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
2nd February 1882.
EDWIN AMBROSE BRYDGES, of the Firm of Brydges and Co., Engineers and
Patent Solicitors, of 73, Koeniggraetzer Str., in the City of Berlin and German
Empire. "IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS, HYDRO-CARBON, AND OTHER MOTIVE POWER
ENGINES." A communication by M. V. Schiltz, Dr. Med., of the City of Cologne,
in the German Empire aforesaid.
This Invention relates to improvements in gas, hydro-carbon, and other motive
power engines, and consists of a suitable construction and arrangement of the parts
so that the following advantages are attained, 2.c. :-
1. The suddenness and force of the explosive action, which in ordinary
machines rapidly decreases, is converted into an equable or progressively increasing
power.
2. The heat generated is fully utilised and employed for producing power and
motion.
3. The application of petroleum and other hydro-carbons or gas producing
substances or materials is facilitated and the applicability of small motors
considerably increased.
The object above mentioned, ad 1, is attained by substituting several successive
combustions or explosions and a suitably subdivided explosion chamber or chambers
for the customary explosion chamber, so that the successive explosions exercise a
continuous and equable pressure.
The object nained, ad 2, is attained by producing not only the entire and
perfect combustion of the hydro-carbon or other substance or material or liquid
employed, but also the perfect utilisation of the warmth generated for the further
production or generation of steam and the increase of power from the water
injected behind the piston, which said water is previously warmed by the surplus
-heat which-would-otherwise-be-lost.-
Instead of cooling the cylinders as customary the same are warmed and the
excessive or surplus heat led off with the steam generated.
In this manner the object, ad 3, that is, the rational application of hydro-
carbons or other gas producing materials, substances, or liquids, and small motors
is achieved.
The subdividing of the explosion chamber into several compartments can be
carried out as follows, that is to say :-
a. The said compartments can be situated or arranged around the prolonged axis
of the cylinder and in juxta position to each other, as shown in the accompanying
Drawings, Fig. 1, 3, 4.
b.) The same can be arranged concentrical to the cylinder as cylinders themselves
or as cylindrical rings behind the said cylinder, Fig. 20.
c.) The said explosion chambers or compartments can be arranged as concentrical
cylinders behind the main cylinder and behind each other, Figure 22 and 23, or
d.) The said compartments or explosion chambers can be arranged as segments
of a circle around the rear part of the cylinder, Fig. 200.
The methods of arranging the explosion chambers or compartments described
above under b, d, are not shown, whereas the method of arrangements set forth
under a, c, are represented in the Drawings accompanying this said Specification.

page_text: According to the method or arrangement described under (a), Fig. 1 to 21, three
or more explosion chambers are arranged in juxtaposition to each other around the
prolongation to the cylinder axis.
The machine consists of the following principal parts :-
1. An ordinary cylinder with piston and piston rod and the explosion
chambers behind the cylinder, which said cylinder and explosion chambers are
surrounded by one and the same mantel or jacket, Fig. 1 to 4.
2. A piston rod connected to the fly wheel in the ordinary manner, Fig. 1
and 2.
3. A regulator shaft which is in connection with the crank shaft by means of
bevel gearing, Fig. 2 and 7.
4. A receptacle or vessel for the compression of atmospheric air or gas, and
for holding or containing petroleum or other hydro-carbon and water, Fig. 1 and 8.
(AD 1.—THE CYLINDER, Fig. 1 to 4.)
Several (in this case three, Fig. 4) explosion chambers A, B, C, are arranged at
the end of the cylinder, and are separated from the same by a partition wall
(Fig. 1), but can be placed in connection with the said cylinder by means of circular
or other borings or perforations in the said partition wall, which said openings are
closed, as shewn in Fig. 12 and 13, by means of automatically acting valves, or in
other suitable manner.
These valves are automatically opened by the pressure of the gas into the
cylinder, but close by their own weight as soon as the pressure is removed.
In order to conduct the ignition of the explosive mixture, which is ignited from
the outside as described further on in this Specification, into the other chambers,
the first of these said chambers A is connected with the second chamber B, and
this second chamber B with the third chamber C by means of small tubes or
pipes of suitable size and length.
These tubes a, a, Fig. 4, can be fastened in the partition walls or be arranged
outside the cylinder.
The aforenamed three explosion chambers or compartments can be of unequal
capacity. A tube q, which is provided with a perforated mouth piece b, runs in
the axis of the cylinder through the centre of the explosion chambers so as to
inject water in all directions behind the piston, Fig. 1.
All the explosion chambers are located behind or to the rear of the cylinder, and
can be attached to the same by means of screws or in other suitable manner. Each
of the explosion chambers is provided at the one end of the same and near the axis
of the cylinder with an inlet port for atmospherical air, and one such like inlet port
for gas, petroleum, or other hydro-carbon.
These air and gas or other inlet ports are connected with each other on the well
known principle of the spray injector, so as to attain a rapid admixture of the
same. A touch-hole leads from the exterior into the lower explosion chamber
close to the air and gas ports, so that the explosion can be carried out from
the exterior and the exploding or igniting flame sucked or drawn into the said
chamber, Fig. 3.
All these openings are closed or opened by means of a circular valve which
revolves around the water tube or pipe, which serves as axis to the said valve.
This said valve is so attached and held in correct position by means of a
circular valve cover and screws or their equivalents that the said valve can easily
revolve airtight between the cover and the end of the explosion chamber and
around a common axis.
The valve cover is provided with a corresponding number of circular borings,
with the explosion chambers, which said borings serve to receive the requisite
.

page_text: tubes or pipes, that is, three air and three gas or petroleum inlet ports, and an
igniting boring, opening, or touch-hole which leads to the lower explosion chamber.
This touch-hole does not run direct from the exterior to the interior but from a
vertical draught tube d attached to the valve cover, Fig. 3. The igniting flame h
which is kept burning with gas or by means of a petroleum wick, is drawn into
the said vertical tube d. When the valve is in correct igniting position the
igniting flame passes from the draught tube in the valve cover into the lowest
explosion chamber, whereas the flame is at other times drawn straight up the
draught tube or pipe (Fig. 3). If the machine is to be employed exclusively for
petroleum an opening f, which is not in connection with the slide valve and cover,
is arranged in the lower explosion chamber, so that a petroleum lamp g can be
arranged beneath the same (Fig. 4), and the heat generated by the lamp led.
through the lower explosion chamber in order to warm the petroleum and attain a
more rapid evaporation of the same in case the machine or engine has been
standing still and become cold, and to enable the said machine or engine to be put
more quickly into operation. This opening f is kept constantly closed during the
regular working of the machine or engine by means of a sliding cover which can
be readily moved backwards and forwards by hand.
If the warmth generated by the lamp shall not only be drawn or sucked in by
one or more strokes of the piston (which latter is in such case moved by hand by
means of the fly wheel), but continuously circulate a suitable draught pipe or tube,
and a second opening which can also be closed by a suitable slide / must be intro-
duced, and this draught pipe put in connection with the chimney K in order to
attain sufficient draught to assure the perfect combustion of the petroleum or other
hydro-carbon (Fig. 1 and 4).
In the wall of the cylinder near the wall or partition which separates the said
cylinder from the explosion chambers, and as far to the rear as possible, is the
outlet port for the spent gases, which said outlet port is provided with a slide-
valve and is in connection with the chimney K. leading from the valve cover. This
slide valve m (Fig. 1, 10, and 11), uncovers or gives free the outlet port i when
inoved in the direction of the crank shaft, and closes the same when moved in the
direction of the cylinder cover.
The end of the cylinder is provided with an air-tight cover screwed or otherwise
suitably attached to the same, through the centre of which said cover the piston-rod
moves in a suitable air tight stuffing box. This said cover is arranged in the
manner as shewn and described for the purpose of being able to employ the space
-above-the-piston-as-an-air-pump,.and.is therefore provided with an air inlet_port_n_
beneath, and an air outlet port n at the superior part, both of which said ports are
closed and opened by self acting valves, Fig. 12 and 13. The inlet port is freed to
permit the entrance of air, whereas the outlet port is provided with a tube or pipe
for leading the compressed air into the compression chamber F on the cylinder,
which said tube is provided with a suitable ball valve. Both cylinder and
explosion chambers are surrounded by a mantle or jacket, which is able to receive
the water from the compression vessel or chamber F, and also prevents the over-
heating of the cylinder, but is specially applied for utilising the heat which would
otherwise be lost for warming the water before its entrance into the cylinder, and
thus assisting the conversion of the same into steam. The water space around the
cylinder and that around the explosion receptacle or chamber are connected above
and below by tubes o, so that the warmth around the explosion chamber or
chambers is greater than that around the cylinder.
The preparatory warming space G is connected with the compression vessel or
receptacle F, by means of a tube p from below towards the crank axle, so that the
space G is kept constantly full of rain water from the vessel F. The pipe q runs
from the top of the mantel downwards, is provided with an automatic valve,
Fig. 15, and runs in the axis of the cylinder through the valve box, through the
valve, and in the centre between the explosion chambers into the cylinder. This
pipe q acts as axis for the valve which can revolve freely between the valve cover

page_text: and the ends of the explosion chambers. The valve is also provided with teeth on
its periphery, and receives its revolving motion through the gearing r,,, from
the regulator shaft.
In order that the gases and fluids may pass through the valve and the ends of
the explosion chambers correctly, the openings in the valve cover which are
externally round are internally congruent with the outer openings in the ends of
the explosion chambers, and so arranged that the water pipe q, b, runs through the
centre, whereas the other ports or openings are radially arranged (Fig. 5.
The gas
or hydrocarbon ports s are in the inner, whereas the air-ports t are in the outer
radial circle equidistant from each other. Supposing that of the three explosion
chambers, the first A is below, the second B to the left above, the third C to the
right above, the two latter separated by a vertical partition, the other chambers
separated by inclined partitions (Fig. 4), and the vertical radius line to be zero, the
centre of the three gas or petroleum ports will lay a) in the radius line zero b),
under 120 and c), under 240 from right to left below. The air ports lay con-
sequently from 0 to 30, from 120 to 150, and from 240 to 270, and the round
igniting port or touch hole u which leads to the first explosion chamber A at about
15° between the air and gas ports in the central radial line, whilst the second and
third explosion chambers have only then a touch hole or igniting opening when
the explosion is not intended to be carried out automatically by means of the
connecting igniting tubes mentioned above, but to be carried out through the
circular valve with which each touch hole or igniting port then communicates.
If the circular valve has the same radial divisions, the central port b and also the
gas or petroleum ports in the inner circle struck through the radius lines will be
at 30°, 150°, and 270° (Fig. 6), the square air ports in the outer circle through the
said radius lines between 0° to 30°, 120° to 150°, and 240° to 270°, those in the centre
of the three round touch holes or igniting ports u' will stand at 60°, 180°, and 300°,
on the circle struck through the various radial lines.
If the explosion is not to be carried out direct and automatically by means of
the ignition tubes from the first or lower explosion chamber A, but the said
explosion in all three explosion chambers regulated from the circular valve, three
ignition ports will be required in the lower end of the explosion chambers instead
of one, id est, one for each chamber, so that the explosions take place one after the
other. In this case the first explosion in the lower chamber is carried out direct
from the igniting flame, the second and third not direct, but by leading the
igniting tubes through the valve into the respective explosion chambers so that the
explosions take place successively.
If the position of the igniting openings, or ports, or touch holes are varied the
explosion will be delayed; if, for instance, the ignition openings or ports are moved
about 12° or 24°, the second explosion will take place when the piston is at balf
stroke, and the third at three quarter stroke. If a compressed mixture is to be
exploded in the explosion chamber or chambers, the igniting flame can be pressed.
instead of being drawn into the lower explosion chamber by means of the com-
pression vessel F. This is carried out from the regulator-shaft by closing the
upper part of the draught pipe, and connecting the lower opening with the
compression vessel F.
As the compression in the compression vessel F is decreased in consequence of its
emptying into the explosion chamber through the explosion itself, it is necessary to
add a side compartment H (Fig. 8) to the compression vessel, which vessels are
connected with each other by a port provided with a suitable valve.
The igniting tube or pipe is connected to the compartment H, as specially
described later on.
2). A special description of the crank shaft with fly wheel and strap drum is not
necessary.
3). The regulator or governor shaft E runs by the side of the cylinder parallel to
the axis of the same, and is arranged so as to carry out the regulation or governing
movements described below: the said governor shaft E is driven from the crank

page_text: shaft by means of suitable bevel gearing (Fig. 2 and 7). The teeth in the bevel
wheels are equal in number, so that the governor shaft makes the same number of
revolutions as the crank shaft.
The adjustments or regulating movements effected from the governor shaft are as
follows:
t
a). The circular valve receives one third of a revolution at each double stroke of
the machine or engine by means of the spur wheel keyed or otherwise attached
to the governor shaft, which said wheel is provided with one third the number of
teeth to those of the periphery of the valve. If the distance between the governor
shaft and the periphery of the valve is too great, or necessitates the employment of
a very large wheel on the said shaft, an intermediate wheel can be employed, and
the movement of the said governor shaft be in this manner transmitted to the
toothed valve.
In order to regulate the speed of the engine or motor, a governor can be attached
to the governor shaft or to the crank shaft, so that when the engine is driven at
high speed a muff or tube v is raised, but lowered when the speed is decreased.
This múff or tube v can be moved in the direction of the axle. The forked end of
the angle lever w, w², catches in a cavity or slot in the muff v, whereas the opposite
end of the said lever moves the valve rod x in the direction of the governor
shaft. This rod x is bent at a right angle downward, catches in the cavity or slot
in the muff on the governor axle, and rests on the said muff by its own weight,
while the muff K' keyed to the shaft follows to the movement of the same. The
sets of excentrics or cams L are attached to this muff K', Fig. 2 and 7, in a similar
manner to the arrangement employed in pogmills, etc.
b). To reduce or increase the feed of the gas or hydro-carbon, so as to assure the
correct functioning of the machine by opening or closing the principal cock or
valve Z (Fig. 1 and 16) through which the fluids are admitted into the explosion
chambers, or by operating a slide valve instead of the said cock.
c). To keep the outlet valve for the gas closed after the same has been expanded
by raising the rod 2 by means of the angle lever y (Fig. 8), which is operated by
the cams L during the upstroke of the piston. If no fresh explosive mixture is
admitted during the downstroke of the piston, and consequently no explosion takes
place, a partial vacuum will be produced in the space behind the said piston during the
upstroke of the same, so that the atmospheric pressure and the compressed air in
front of the piston tends to hinder or decrease the rapidity of the stroke. That set
of cams which operates on the principal cock or valve Z (Fig. 2, 7, 17, 18, 19),
consists of three or four cams, each cam in the set higher or larger than the
preceeding cam. The cam which operates on the outlet valve is simple, and lifts at
the same time as the highest cam of the same set (Fig. 2 and 7). Both sets of
cams L are attached to the same muff K', but stand in diametrically opposite
positions to each other, so that one set acts on the principal cock during the
downward stroke of the piston, whereas the other acts on the rod to the outlet
valve on the upstroke of the said piston. The cams are attached to short rings or
made of one piece with the same, each of these said rings is of like diameter with
the preceding cam (Fig. 17). The surface of the cam for the gas inlet valve is
semicircular, and when seen from the side forms a circle with the ring to the
semicircular cam of the other set, id est, the cam for the outlet valve, Fig. 17. The
form and operation of the cams are evident, from the Fig. 2, 7, 8, 17, 18, 19.
The lever arms y, y¹, are provided at their extremities with friction rollers which run
on the cam surfaces, so that the said lever arms are moved nearer to the cylinder, and
thus effect a raising of the handle to the principal cock or the rod valve rod l, which
is jointed to the outlet valve by means of the arms y, y¹, of the said angle lever
(Fig. 8). This valve rod protruded beyond the cylinder towards the crank shaft
is wider at this end and provided with a suitable slit or slot, as shewn in the
Fig. 10 and 11, in which said slit or slot the pin, projection, or vertical rod M on the
guide piece for the piston rod fits or catches. This pin or projection M moves
backwards and forwards with the piston rod, and opens the outlet valve towards

page_text: the end of the upstroke of the piston by means of the valve rod l, and closes the
said valve towards the end of the downstroke of the piston.
In order that this opening and closing of the aforenamed valve may be carried out
without noise or injury to the parts, the projection or pin M possesses a certain
degree of elasticity, and a spring is so arranged at each end of the slot in the said
roll (Fig. 1 and 22) that the blow or concussion between the ends of the slot and
the said projection or pin M is reduced to a minimum. If the rod, Fig. 1 and 22,
7, has been somewhat raised during the upstroko of the piston by means of the
lever as above described, the outlet valve will not be opened.
4.) The receptacle or vessel F which is employed for compressing air containing
petroleum and water, and if desired, also gas, which is drawn or sucked in with
the air above the piston, is made constructed or cast in any suitable form from cast
or other iron, or other suitable material or metal, and is divided by a partition or
metallic or other wall running nearly to the upper end or top of the said vessel or
receptacle into two separate compartments. One of the so formed compartments
contains petroleum, whereas the other compartment contains rain water. Tho
indicators or water glasses attached to the said vessel or receptacle serve to
indicate the height of both fluids in the same.
In order to regulate the pressure of the gas pressed through a tube n², which s
provided with a ball valve, a suitable safety valve is attached to the neck of the
compression vessel or receptacle, so that petroleum, water, and gas are kept
constantly under like pressure.
The water pipe pleads from the deepest or lowest point of the water receptacle or
vessel to the cylinder jacket or mantle G. The air tube N leads from the
uppermost point of the vessel F to the explosion chambers. The petroleum pipe or
tube P leads from the lower portion of the petroleum receptacle or vessel and is
provided near the said receptacle or vessel with a suitable cock or valve. The gas
pipe O which is provided with an india-rubber ball O¹ is connected to the aforenamed
air and petroleum pipes in the horizontal plane, so that all three pipes are simul-
taneously opened, partially opened, closed or partially closed, by means of a suitable
three way cock or valve; or if the gas and petroleum pipes are connected with each
other in front of the cock or valve, a two way cock or valve can be employed. The
air, petroleum, and gas supply pipes are each subdivided so as to form three separate
pipes. This said subdiviion is carried out after the said pipes have passed the
principal cock or valve Z, and just before or in front of the cover to the circular valve.
One of each of the said three small pipes or tubes leads to one of the three explosion
compartments, and these said pipes are each provided at a point shortly before their
entrance into the said explosion chambers with suitable cocks or valves. By
opening or closing these said cocks or valves the engine or motor can be employed
according to requirements with one, two, or three of the aforenamed explosion
chambers. The regulation of the speed of the engine is carried out as follows:-
1. By increasing or decreasing the pressure in the supply pipes by means of the
safety valve (Fig. 1).
2. By operating with one or more explosion chambers.
3. By more or less opening or closing the principal cock or valve Z by means of
the governor and the cams L.
4. By raising the rod to the outlet valve by means of the governor.
5. By squirting or injecting water behind the piston.
The engine or motor is put into operation as follows:-
1. WITH GAS,
As soon as the igniting flame has been lit, the gas cock opened, and the petroleum
cock closed, the fly wheel is given one or two turns by hand in order to still
1
11.
:
WITH UAS
As soon as the igniting flame has been lit, the gas cock opened, and the petroleum
cock closed, the fly wheel is given one or two turns by hand in order to still
further compress the already compressed air in the compression chamber, id est, if
the said air was not previously sufficiently compressed.
By means of this air compression. the immediate entry of the combustible

page_text: II. WITH PETROLEUM.
If the gas supply is cut off, or if no gas is present and the petroleum cock is
opened, the lower explosion chamber A must be warmed before the machine, or
engine, or motor is put into motion.
This is carried out by opening the warming valves h, h, and lighting the
petroleum lamp g. In order to facilitate the warming of the explosion chambers
the water in the space between the cylinder and jacket or mantle can be let off, as
the said space can be immediately filled from the compression receptacle if the
engine or motor is to be put into operation.
As soon as the lower explosion chamber or compartment has been sufficiently
warmed a single revolution of the fly wheel will immediately cause the engine or
motor to commence working automatically, as is the case with gas.
The operation of putting the engine in motion when petroleum is employed can
be facilitated when a second vessel or receptacle R, containing volatile combustion
material, such as petroleum, ether, ligroine, etc. (Fig. 8), is connected to the
compression vessel or receptacle F.
This said second vessel or receptacle is provided with a suitable tube or pipe,
which is joined or connected to the petroleum pipe or tube P, and which said pipe
or tube, which forms the connection between the said second vessel or receptacle R
and the petroleum pipe or tube P, is provided with a suitable cock or valve. A
second tube or pipe leads from the upper part, cover, or lid, to this said vessel or
receptacle for containing highly volatile hydro-carbons or similar fluids to the air-
space of the compression vessel or receptacle.
In consequence of this arrangement the machine or engine is driven by means of
petroleum ether until the compartments are sufficiently warm, when the cock or
valve to the pipe connecting the ether vessel or receptacle is closed, and the further
operations of the engine or motor carried on by means of the petroleum. Both
.cocks, that is, the cock leading to the ether vessel or receptacle and the cock to the
petroleum tube or pipe can be replaced by a single two-way cock, so that a slight
-turn-to-the-said-cock_will_open_or_close_one_of_the_ways, and close or open
the other.
The apparatus for preparatorily warming the lower explosion chamber A, as
shown in Fig. 4, is a common petroleum lamp with draught tubes, which serve to
direct the heat through the compartment A to the outlet pipe or chimney K, and
can readily be employed for facilitating the evaporation of the hydro-carbon before
the entry of the said hydrocarbon into the lower explosion room..
The draught tube or pipe of the petroleum lainp is surrounded by a closed
receptacle or vessel S₁, which said receptacle or vessel is provided with an inlet
and outlet tube or pipe.
If the lower explosion room, compartment, or chamber, is sufficiently warm, the
requisite cock or valve is opened, and the petroleum or petroleum ether led through
the vessel or receptacle-S₁ aforenamed before its entry into the lower explosion
compartment A. The said petroleum or petroleum ether escapes in evaporated or
vaporised state into the lower explosion chamber or compartment A.
.
In order to replace the fluids used it is only necessary to raise the stopper to the
safety valve, and then fill one or the other compartment by means of a funnel with
a bent neck or tube attached to the saine.
The above mentioned compression ignition (Fig. 9) is carried out by opening up
the pipe communicating with the side compression receptacle or vessel HI to the
chief receptacle or vessel at correct time.. This receptacle or vessel H is connected

page_text: The second arrangement of the machine, motor, or engine is founded on the
same principles as the first arrangement, and is provided with explosion chambers
lying one behind the other, Fig. 22 to 32.
For certain purposes it may be necessary to construct the machine or engine
considerably lighter, whereby this arrangement can be employed.
If the walls, which are subjected to strong one-sided pressure, are made
cylindrical, the same can be made of steel, and consequently considerably thinner.
For this purpose I employ the following arrangements. The motor consists of the
following principal parts :-
I. The cylinder and the three or more (Fig. 22 to 23) cylindrical explosion
chambers A, B, C, which lay one behind the other. The cylinder and the
explosion chambers serve the like purpose as those described under the foregoing
construction, and are surrounded by a jacket or mantle G of thin material. The
piston moves as before mentioned air-tight in the cylinder.
II. The flywheel, which is constructed considerably lighter and larger, the curve
and the compression vessel or receptacle F, and the tubes or pipes pertaining to
the same.
All the walls which are subjected to strong one-sided pressure consist of
cylindrical or elliptical plates.
The jacket is attached to the cylinder cover by means f suitable screws, bolts,
or their equivalents.
The joints are all filled up and rendered absolutely tight by means of lead or
other suitable packing.

page_text: The piston is hollow; the piston rod.is made from a piece of piping or tubing,
or can be made of solid metal, as before described. The spokes of the flywheel
which are attached tangentially to the nave or hub of the said wheel can consist
of tubes or of rods having a cross-like section +, and the crank axle can also be
made from a piece of tubing.
The compression vessel or receptacle F (Fig. 22) can be of a rounded form, and
the thin partition wall run to the bottom of the same as in the construction
described above.
The atmospheric air and the gas (petroleum) enter in the three or more
explosion chambers A, B, C, which are placed one behind the other simultaneously
by means of a gas (petroleum) and air opening in the side of each explosion
chamber (Fig. 23), whilst the touchhole or igniting opening is only arranged in the
formost explosion chamber A, so that the explosion takes place in this chamber
first.
The explosive power or flame is communicated to the explosion matter in the
second chamber B through a small tube or pipe in the rear wall to A, or the
partition wall between the first and second chambers A and B, and from here
through a like opening in the second partition wall to the third explosion chamber C,
so that each explosion is strengthened or increased by the following explosion by
means of the self acting valves in the partition walls which open in the direction
towards the piston, and close in the opposite direction, and in this manner the
total explosion force of the three chambers operates on the piston (Fig. 22 &
23). a, a, a, Fig. 29, 30, 31, are three air inlet openings; i, i, i, three gas
(petroleum) openings; and z, the touchhole or igniting opening leading to the
explosion chamber A:
All the inlets to the explosion chambers are opened and closed in regular
succession by means of the slide valve (Fig. 30, 31), which is held in snug contact
with the seat or surface beneath in which the respective openings or borings are
formed.
Like openings are made in the valve cover congruent to the openings in the
valve surface or seat, i.e., the plane surface on which the valve slides. The openings
in the valve cover are however round towards the outer side, and provided with
inlet pipes or tubes and the other necessary arrangements, as mentioned in the
description of the first construction.
The slide valve shewn attached in Fig. 30, and in contact with the seat or valve
surface in Fig. 32, is operated or slid backwards and forwards by means of a valve
rod and an excentrical disc attached to the crank axle. This disc possesses one
fourth or 90° inore excentricity than the crank.
Fig. 32 shews the position of the slide valve on the slide valve seat or surface
at one end of the stroke of the piston. The openings shown in full lines are the
openings in the slide valve, whereas the openings shewn by dotted lines are the
openings in the valve seat or surface. is the touchhole or igniting opening in
the slide,
Air enters during the entire back stroke of the piston, and gas (petroleum)
towards the end of the back and commencement of the upper stroke of the same,
and the explosion takes place after the closing of the ports. The space traversed
by the slide valve is divided into two halves; the air port is arranged in the one
half, and the gas (petroleum) port in the other half near the air port, and the
touch-hole or igniting port at such suitable distance that the explosion takes place
during the first fourth part of the stroke of the piston.
The gas (petroleum) ports in the slide valve and the ports in the valve seat
correspond with each other at the dead points of the crank, but no combustion
matter can enter towards the end of the upstroke on account of the high tension in
the chambers.
Should a recoil or backward flow of the gas (petroleum) take place or appear
likely, an automatic valve can be arranged in the feed pipe for the combustion
matter. Gas (petroleum) can consequently only enter when the openings or ports

page_text: correspond with each other again. The touch-hole or igniting port of the slide
valve corresponds twice by each double stroke with the igniting port of the slide
valve seat.
In order to open up the port in the slide valve by a movement of the same to
the left, and close the same by a movement to the right, the slide valve is reduced
to half its thickness at the end corresponding to the touch-hole or igniting port
(Fig. 31), and the failing thickness filled out by a second short slide, which slides
on the chief slide valve at each backward and forward movement or stroke, so that
the port in the small valve corresponds with the opening or igniting port in the
movement to the left, but remains closed during the movement to the right.
This sliding of the large and small slide in opposite directions to each other is
carried out either by means of a slot or boring, in which a short pin or round pivot
attached to the valve rod or the large slide catches; or both slides can be moved by
means of two excentrics which are attached to the crank shaft but do not correspond
with each other (Fig. 24).
:
The explosion chambers, which are arranged concentrically to the cylinder axis
and to the rear of the said cylinder, one behind the other, are separated from each
other and from the cylinder by means of suitably arched or bent walls, in which
the valves for emptying the said chambers are fixed, and in which the aforementioned
small igniting tubes are attached."
The water pipe or tube which leads from the preparatory warming chamber
through the explosion chambers to the cylinder serves also as support for the
partitions between the explosion chambers and the cylinder.
The regulation of the speed of the machine or engine is effected in like manner
with the construction described above by means of a governor placed near the
crank axle, and rotated from the same by means of bevel gearing. The angle
levers w, w', are attached to the crank axle, and serve to operate the excentrics on
the muff or tube K, as described above with reference to. the first construction.
Figure 28 shews the position of the ports, and the manner in which the chief cock
is opened and closed through the excentrics by means of the lever connection.
Fig. 27 shews the like mechanism, by means of which the valve rod to the
outlet valve is raised or lowered.
L
The same divider or scissor like lever arrangement, as described in reference to
the foregoing arrangement, is also employed in this construction for opening and
closing the igniting port or opening, and is operated by means of the excentric
attached to the crank axle (Fig. 26).
As the regulating or governing arrangements are carried out substantially in the
same manner as described under the foregoing construction, a special description of
the same and also the manner of putting the apparatus into motion is not
necessary.
The same construction is to be employed when two or more than three explosion
chambers are to be employed.
Either one or both of these methods can be employed in constructing motors in
which the explosion chambers are arranged at each end of the cylinder, so that the
force produced is exerted on the piston at each stroke of the same, in which case a
separate air pump is employed instead of using the cylinder as air pump.
If this construction is duplicated a twin machine is produced, so that a fly wheel
is not necessary.
Fig. 4 shews a modification of the method of previously warming the explosion
chambers. In this case the heat is led around the three receptacles through the
rear part of the water mantel from which the water has been previously let off.
The explosion chambers can be composed of tubes or pipes of considerable length,
so as to still further reduce the suddenness of the combustion.
The ignition tubes can be applied at the most appropriate part of the explosion
tube or chambers.
Having now described my said Invention, and the manner of carrying the same
into effect, I desire it to be understood that the parts of my said Invention may be

page_text: modified without departing from the tenor of my Invention; but what I claim and.
desire to have secured by Letters Patent is in gas, hydro-carbon, and other motive
power engines,―
1. The communication or conjunction of the combustion compartment or chambers
with the cylinder by means of self acting valves in such manner that the explosive
mixture or the products of combustion may be emptied easily and unhindered
into the cylinder behind the piston, and without any back pressure, substantially
as described in the foregoing Specification, and shewn in Fig. 1, 4, and 22 of the
accompanying Drawings.
2. The division of the explosive power of a combustible mixture into several
separate explosions executed in the same number of separate chambers in such
manner that the several explosion chambers, with the exception of the feed and
ignition ports, are otherwise perfectly separated, and their separate explosions
evacuated or emptied successively into the cylinder behind the piston by means of
self-acting valves which open easily into the cylinder, and close by back pressure,
in order to convert the ordinary suddenness and destructive effect of the explosive
power into an equable or progressively increasing power by the sum total or
multiplication, i.c., the combined force of the successive explosions for one and the
same stroke, as described in the foregoing Specification, and shewn in Fig. 1, 4, and
22 of the accompanying Drawings.
3. Instead of the ordinary cooling of the explosion compartments and the cylinder
the warming of the same in so far as is necessary for immediately evaporating the
petroleum introduced as a liquid, substantially as described in the foregoing
Specification, and shewn in Fig. 1 and 22 of the accompanying Drawings.
4. The utilisation of the heat produced in the water of the jacket by directly
injecting the same into the cylinder behind the piston through the tube q (Fig. 1
and 2), which said tube is provided with perforated mouthpiece b in order to avoid
overheating, and to convert the water into steam, which is used for increasing the
power of the engine, as described in the foregoing. Specification, and shewn in Fig. 1
and 22 of the accompanying Drawings.
5. The peculiar distribution of the openings for the admission and ignition of an
explosive mixture in a rotary slide valve of a gas and petroleum engine, which
said valve is rotated in only one direction, and is divided into the same number of
sectors with openings corresponding as separate explosions in separate chambers are
required, as described in the foregoing Specification, and shewn in Fig-5-and-6 of
the accompanying Drawings.
6. The regulation-of-the-speed of a gas and petroleum engine by closing the
-exhaust valve during the upstroke, no explosion then taking place, for the explosion
chamber not being refilled, that is to say, producing an increasing vacuum behind
the piston during the upstroke, as described in the foregoing Specification, and
shewn in Fig. S and 27 of the accompanying Drawings.
7. The regulation of the speed of a gas and petroleum engin by explosions
produced in one, two, or more explosion chambers, as described in the foregoing
Specification, and shewn in Fig. 1 and 23 of the accompanying Drawings, and
signified by the cocks.
8. The ignition of a compressed explosive mixture in a gas or petroleum engine
by means of an igniting flame, which said flame is pressed into an explosion
chamber by compressed air from a compression vessel F and H, and through a
pipe T, as described in the foregoing Specification, and shewn in Fig. 3, 8, 9, and 26
of the accompanying Drawings.
9. Starting a petroleum engine by previously warming an explosion compart-
ment (Fig. 4 and 33), and by admitting petroleum either from a separate vessel R
(Fig. 8), whereas the petroleum taken from the vessel F (Fig. 8) is used as soon as
the compartments are sufficiently warmed, substantially as described in the fore-
going Specification.
10. Starting a petroleum engine by using a heating lamp (Fig. 4) as temporary
petroleum evaporating apparatus in the manner above described, that a separate

page_text: vessel S', mounted around the lamp, is heated by means of this said lamp, and the
petroleum passing this vessel S₁ suddenly evaporates for entering the explosion
chamber, thus producing an explosive mixture, as described in the foregoing
Specification, and shewn in Fig. 4 and S of the accompanying Drawings.
11. The construction of a gas or petroleum engine with several combustion
chambers, which are so placed and arranged near the working cylinder that one of
these chambers, that is, the first chamber, communicates with the cylinder, the
second chamber with the first chamber, the third with the second chamber, and so
on, by means of self acting valves, through which the gases pass easily and freely to
the piston, but not backwards, so that the combustion chambers are simultaneously
filled through a slide that is moved from the crank shaft, whereby the mixture in
the first chamber is ignited from the exterior, and the ignition in the first chamber
communicated automatically to the second chamber, and from thence to the third
chamber by means of small perforations or touch-holes, so that the total explosive
power of all the separate explosions effects only one stroke of the piston, as described
under" second arrangement" in the foregoing Specification, and shewn in Fig. 22
and 23 of the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edwin Ambrose Brydges, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty two.
Witnesses,
GUSTAV EHLEN.
JOHN O. TONKIN.
EDWIN A. BRYDGES. (L.S.)