IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BOTTLES AND JARS TO FACILITATE THE STOPPERING THEREOF, AND IN STOPPERS FOR BOTTLES AND JARS, AND IN APPARATUS FOR FILLING THE SAID BOTTLES
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Frederick Wood, of Sheffield, in the County of
York, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BOTTLES
AND JARS TO FACILITATE THE STOPPERING THEREOF, AND IN STOPPERS FOR
BOTTLES AND JARS, AND IN APPARATUS FOR FILLING THE SAID BOTTLES."
Sealed the 22nd July 1879, and dated the 6th May 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Frederick Wood at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th May 1879.
CHARLES FREDERICK WOOD, of Sheffield, in the County of York. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BOTTLES AND JARS TO FACILITATE the STOPPERING
THEREOF, AND IN STOPPERS FOR BOTTLES AND JARS, AND IN APPARATUS FOR FILLING
THE SAID BOTTLES."
This Invention relates to the construction of bottles and jars to facilitate the
stoppering thereof, and to stoppers for bottles and jars, and to apparatus for filling
the said bottles.
This Invention consists, firstly, in improvements in bottles and jars to adapt them
to improved methods of stoppering, that is to say, shelves, ledges, or projections are
formed in the interior of the bottle necks for the purpose of securing the stoppers
in their proper positions, being so formed that a part or parts of the stoppers will
pass through and beyond the said projections, so that projections on the stoppers
can be turned under the projections in the necks of the bottles, the stoppers being
thereby secured. The projections in the necks of the bottles can be either at right
angles to the longitudinal centre line of the bottle, or can be set at an angle thereto
greater or less than a right angle; the said projections may also be curved on the
under sides thereof, and may have stops at the ends thereof to prevent the stoppers
or parts thereof being turned too far round in the necks of the bottles, and thus
pass from under the said projections, the said projections in the necks of the bottles
being so shaped as to be adapted to the different arrangements of stoppers herein-
after described.
In constructing glass bottles with projections in the necks for the purposes above
specified, the mould in which the bottle is blown will be formed with a projection or
projections corresponding with the shape of the projection or projections required to
be formed in the neck of the bottle; the glass will then be inserted in the mould in

page_text: the ordinary manner, and will be blown, by which operation the glass will follow
the contour of the mould, and the projection or projections will be thereby formed
in the bottle neck.
In constructing earthenware bottles according to this Invention, the bottle can
be spun or formed in the ordinary manner, and a hand tool used for pinching in or
forming the projection in the neck of the shape required for the stoppers, hereinafter
described.
The construction of stoppers according to this Invention are as follows:-
Firstly. This arrangement consists of a tee-headed bolt with a circular collar,
between the head and the collar being a groove for the projection in the bottle neck
to fit into. A loose tapered collar with an external flauge at its upper end works
freely on the round stem of the bolt, the said flanged collar having on its barrel an
elastic washer of any suitable substance, such as india rubber (so called) or cork, the
said bolt having at its upper end a cam or lever which can be brought into contact
with the flanged collar for the purpose of depressing it. In using this construction
of stopper it will be forced into the neck of the bottle until the upper face of the tee
headed bolt is below the projections; the bolt will then be turned one fourth part of
a revolution, so that the projecting head of the bolt comes under the projections in
the neck of the bottle, and the said projections in the neck of the bottle will be
between the head of the bolt and the collar forming part of the bolt; the lever
attached to the upper end of the bolt will then be brought into contact with the
upper side of the loose flanged collar, and pressure being exerted thereon, the
flanged collar will be forced down and the elastic ring thereon will be tightly
pressed against the interior of the bottle neck and against the collar forming part of
the tee headed bolt, and thereby make a secure and air tight joint.
Secondly. In this modification of the above described stopper the flanged collar
above described is connected with or is part of the tee headed bolt, and the lever or
cam above described is dispensed with, and instead thereof is a projection on the
flanged barrel of the stopper, by which it can be turned by the thumb and finger or
otherwise. The elastic packing ring will be placed on the barrel of the stopper,
below the flanged collar. In using this stopper it will be forced into the bottlo neck
by hand or by a machine, and the projections on the bolt will be turned under the
projections in the bottle neck, by which it will be held secure, and an air tight joint
made.
In the arrangement above described the stopper is in one piece, but as a further
modification a loose tee headed bolt can be used, which will be rotated in the flanged
collar by a knob or thumb piece secured to the upper end thereof. The barrel of
the loose flanged collar and the flanged barrel of the solid stopper, both above
described, can be plane cones, or they can be cones having one or more concentric or
helical grooves, or they can be fluted for a part of the length thereof, and the elastic
packing can be either plain, or fluted, or grooved, instead of or as well as the barrel
of the stopper or flanged collar above described.
Thirdly. This construction of stopper cousists of a bolt with an ordinary head,
and at or about the extremity of the stem or shank two collars of irregular form
circumferentially; the neck of the bottle is formed to correspond with the collars
on the stem of the bolt, so that the said collars may pass through and below the
projections in the neck of the bottle. Below the collars is fixed or fitted a disc of
india-rubber, larger in diameter than the collars or the neck of the bottle aforesaid.
In using this stopper it is passed into the bottle until the india-rubber disc or valve
is below the neck; the stopper is then raised until the projections in the neck are
between the upper and lower collars; the stopper is then turned one fourth part of
a revolution, and is thereby secured by the projections in the bottle neck being
between the upper and lower collars. In the above construction the stopper is in
one piece, but a modification thereof may be employed in which the disc of india-
rubber is fitted on to a loose stem passing through a flanged collar, the said collar
having projections corresponding with the projections in the neck of the bottle, and
the said stem having a head or handle or being otherwise formed so as to prevent

page_text: it falling into the bottle. In using this stopper the stem with the disc of india-
rubber is forced into the bottle until the said disc is below the neck; the disc then
expands to its full diameter; the flanged collar is then placed in position, with its
projections under the projections in the neck of the bottle; the stem is then drawn
back until the disc bears against the under-side of the flanged collar and against the
bottle neck, thus making a secure air tight joint.
Fourthly. A construction of stopper applicable to bottles of ordinary construction,
without projections in the necks thereof, consists of a central pin or bolt with a cone
or wedge at its lower end. Above the cone and loose on the stem of the bolt is a
collar or washer grooved or recessed at its under side; in and from this groove or
recess is suspended loose packings; on the stem above the loose collar at a suitable
distance is a flanged gland or collar surrounded with an elastic packing, the said
packing being so made and fitted as that it will tighten on to the stem of the coned
bolt above the loose collar, as well as surround the flanged gland; on the top of the
stem and acting on the flanged gland is a cam lever, as firstly described.
In fixing this stopper the cone will be raised off the flanged gland, thus allowing
the coned stem to descend, by which the loose packings can close; the stopper is
then inserted in the neck of the bottle and the lever or cam is brought to bear on
the flanged gland, which raise the coned stem and expands the loose packings,
thereby tightening them in the bottle neck, and by the same action the gland,
covered by an india-rubber washer, is forced into and against the neck of the bottle,
thus making a secure joint. For the cone may be substituted a double cam, the
stem of which would be rotated until the packings were tightened against the bottle
neck, the other parts of the stopper remaining as above described.
To adapt ordinary bottles for use with the stoppers firstly, secondly, and thirdly
described, a false neck will be employed, which will be inserted in the neck of the
bottle, being shaped to admit of the various forms of stoppers, as above described,
the false neck being bound to the bottle externally by wires or otherwise, the joint
between the false neck and the bottle being made secure by an india-rubber ring.
The improvements in apparatus for filling the bottles relates only to filling bottles
with aerated waters, and consists in the alterations of and additions to ordinary
filling and corking machines to adapt them to the improved stoppers.
The plunger slides in a stuffing box, and prevents the escape of the contents of
the bottle. At the end of the plunger is a double prong to receive the stopper, or
the end of the plunger is so formed as to fit on to the heads of any of my improved
stoppers. The plunger is actuated so as to force in the stopper, and is so con-
structed that it can be rotated for the purpose of securing the stopper in the neck
of the bottle, as above described. In combination therewith for use with the
stopper with the cam lever is a horizontal plunger working in a stuffing box oppo-
Bite to the bottom of the vertical plunger, and actuated in any suitable manner for
the purpose of depressing the said cam lever after the stopper is forced into and
rotated in the neck of the bottle.

page_text: ;
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Charles Frederick Wood in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
6th November 1879.
CHARLES FREDERICK WOOD, of Sheffield, in the County of York. " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BOTTLES AND JARS TO FACILITATE THE STOPPERING
THEREOF, AND IN STOPPERS FOR BOTTLES AND JARS, AND IN APPARATUS FOR FILLING
THE SAID BOTTLES."
This Invention relates to the construction of bottles and jars to facilitate the
stoppering thereof, and to stoppers for bottles and jars, and to apparatus for filling
the said bottles.
This Invention consists, firstly, in improvements in bottles and jars to adapt
them to improved methods of stoppering, that is to say, shelves, ledges, or pro-
jections are formed in the interior of the bottle necks for the purpose of securing
the stoppers in their proper positions, being so formed that a part or parts of the
stoppers will pass through and beyond the said projections, so that projections on
the stoppers can be turned under the projections in the necks of the bottles, the
stoppers being thereby secured.
In constructing glass bottles with projections in the necks, for the purposes above
specified, the mould in which the bottle is blown can be formed with a projection
or projections corresponding with the shape of the projection or projections required
to be formed in the neck of the bottle; the glass will then be inserted in the mould
in the ordinary manner, and will be blown, by which operation the glass will follow
the contour of the mould and the projection or projections will be thereby formed
in the bottle neck, or by preference a tool, as hereinafter described, can be employed
to effect the same purpose.
The construction of stoppers according to this Invention are as follows:-
Firstly. This arrangement consists of a tee headed bolt, or a bolt with a tee
shaped projection at that end which is inserted in the bottle, the said bolt having
also a circular collar, between the head or tee shaped projection and the collar
being a groove for the projection in the bottle neck to fit into. A loose tapered
collar with an external flange at its upper end works freely on the round stem of
the bolt, the said flanged collar having on its barrel an elastic washer of any
suitable substance, such as india-rubber (so called) or cork, the said bolt having at
its upper end a cam or lever, which can be brought into contact with the flanged
collar for the purpose of depressing it. I prefer to make the stem of wood and the
flanged collar of glass. Heretofore solid stoppers with tee heads or tee shaped pro-
jections have been used, but have been found to be liable to fracture, and are
objectionable on that account.
In using this construction of stopper it will be forced into the neck of the bottle
until the upper face of the tee shaped projection on the bolt is below the projections
in the bottle neck; the bolt will then be turned one fourth part of a revolution or
thereabouts, so that the tee shaped projection of the bolt comes under the pro-
jections in the neck of the bottle, and the said projections in the neck of the bottle
will be between the head or tee shaped projection of the bolt and the collar forming
part of the bolt. The lever attached to the upper end of the bolt will then be
brought into contact with the upper side of the loose flanged collar, and pressure
being exerted thereby the flanged collar will be forced down, and the elastic ring
thereon will be tightly pressed against the interior of the bottle neck, and against
the collar forming part of the tee headed bolt, and thereby make a secure and air
tight joint.
As a modification of the above described stopper the cam lever is dispensed with,
and a knob or thumb piece is secured to the stem of the loose bolt, by which the
stopper is rotated and fixed in position in the neck of the bottle.

page_text: The barrel of the loose flanged collar above described can be a plain cone, or it
can be a cone, having one or more concentric or helical grooves, or it can be fluted
for a part of the length thereof, and the elastic packing can be either plain, or
fluted, or grooved, instead of or as well as the barrel of the flanged collar above
described.
Secondly. A construction of stopper applicable to bottles of ordinary construction
without projections in the necks thereof consists of a central pin or bolt, with a cone
or wedge at its lower end. Above the cone and loose on the stem of the bolt is a
collar or washer grooved or recessed at its under side. In and from this groove or
recess are suspended loose coned packings; on the stem above the loose collar at a
Buitable distance is a flanged gland or collar surrounded with an elastic packing,
the said packing being so made and fitted as that it will tighten on to the stem of
the coned bolt above the loose collar, as well as surround the flanged gland; on the
top of the stein, and acting on the flanged gland, is a cam lever, as firstly described.
As a modification of this stopper, and by preference, I groove or recess the flanged
collar on its under side, and I hang therefrom and therein the said coned packings;
the collar and packings are surrounded by a washer or ring of an elastic substance.
As a further modification a central coned or coned and recessed stem may be
employed, in conjunction with a circular flanged or flanged and recessed collar or
gland, the said gland having a parallel hole through the longitudinal centre thereof,
through which the parallel part of the stem passes. On the stem between the cone
thereon and the under side of the flanged collar are coned packings or a coned bush
split into two or more parts longitudinally, and over the collar and packings or
split bush and stem is a tube or ring of an elastic substance.
As a further modification a stopper is formed with a coned or coned and recessed
stem or central pin, in conjunction with a flanged circular collar, which is in three
or more segmental parts, the three segmental parts of the collar being held together
by a ring of elastic substance. The said collar (in three parts) has a longitudinal
hole through its centre, coned or tapered at its lower end, on which the coned
central stem acts, the larger diameter of the coned stem being lowermost. The stem
may have a projection at its upper end to prevent it falling through the collar into
the bottle.
The stopper above described is for use with bottles containing gaseous or aerated
liquids capable of exerting pressure in the bottle and on the under side of the
stopper, and in fixing it into the bottle it is forced therein, and the external
pressure being removed the internal pressure forces up the coned bolt or stem,
thereby extending the coned packing, and compressing the elastic ring or washer
against the interior of the bottle neck, thereby making a gas tight joint, and
securing the stopper in position.
As a further inodification a stopper for use in bottles containing aerated or non-
aerated liquids can have the loose coned packing pieces extended laterally by a
coned bolt acting downwards instead of upwards, the said stopper having a flanged
collar in one piece, through which the stem of the bolt slides, as before specified, and
the said bolt having a collar thereon to prevent it being withdrawn from the said
flanged collar, and having a suitable knob or head, by which it can be forced down-
ward and withdrawn.
The hole in the loose packings aforesaid (through which the stem or bolt passes)
is tapered in the centre thereof, the hole above the tapered part being of the
diameter of the larger diameter of the tapered part, and that below being of the
diameter of the smaller diameter of the cone.
In using this stopper it is placed in the bottle neck in its normal state with the
coned step
in the upper and larger hole in the coned packings, and with the cone
on the said stein against the cone in the packing, the stem is then forced down
until it extends the packings by entering and enlarging the small hole in and
between the lower parts thereof.
The elastic packing ring used with this stopper is made like a thimble, and
envelopes the whole of the stopper with the exception of the flange on the loose

page_text: collar, and a similar elastic packing ring may be used with any of my improved
stoppers for ordinary bottles.
As a modification of the before mentioned stopper in which loose packings are
suspended in and from a collar, a stopper can be constructed in which a central
stem or bolt with a double cam is employed to extend the said loose packings,
and as a further modification the said packings can be plain, and not hinged on
to and from the said collar.
The improvements in apparatus for filling the bottles relates only to filling
bottles with aerated waters, and consists in the alterations of and additions to
ordinary filling and corking machines to adapt them to the improved stoppers.
The plunger slides in a stuffing box and prevents the escape of the contents of
the bottle; at the end of the plunger is a double prong to receive the stopper; or
the end of the plunger is so formed as to fit on to the heads of any of my
improved stoppers; the plunger is actuated so as to force in the stopper, and is so
constructed that it can be rotated for the purpose of securing the stopper in the
neck of the bottle, as above described in combination therewith; for use with the
stopper with the cam lever is a horizontal plunger working in a stuffing box
opposite the bottom of the vertical plunger, and actuated in any suitable manner
for the purpose of depressing the said cam lever after the stopper is forced into and
rotated in the neck of the bottle.
The tool which I have designed especially for manufacturing my improved bottle
is of the following description, that is to say:-It consists of a bow and arms with
dies thereon for forming the outside of the bottle neck as in ordinary tools for this
purpose; and it has also dies (fixed to springs) which can be protruded through the
plug for the purpose of forming the transverse recessos in the bottle neck, and
which are closed into and below the plug when the bottle neck is formed and ready
to be withdrawn from the tool.
The plug can be of any desired form so as to make similar longitudinal recesses
in the bottle neck, and the moveable dies aforesaid may be of any desired form, and
will make similar transverse or transverse and longitudinal recesses in the said
bottle neck.
In the accompanying Sheet of Drawings Figures 1 to 5 illustrate my improved
construction of bottles to facilitate the stoppering thereof and stoppers adapted
thereto, and Figures 6 to 17 illustrate my improved stoppers as adapted to ordinary
bottles; Figure 1 and Figure 4 are sectional elevations of that part of the bottle
affected by my improvements as taken through the dotted line W, X, (Figure 2);
Figure 2 is a plan, and Figures 3 and 5 are sectional elevations as taken through
the dotted line Y, Z, (Figure 2); B and B are L shaped recesses; C and C', pro-
jecting ledges. The stopper shown in Figure 1 has a bolt or stem D having a
circular head D', and two projections E and E'; F is a circular flanged collar, and
a is the elastic ring; H is the thumb piece secured to the stem or bolt D. The
stopper is forced into the bottle with the projections E and E¹ of the bolt D in the
recesses B and B' of the L shaped recesses, and it is turned so that tho said
projections E and E' come under the projections C and C', and until the said
projections are in contact with the solid part of the neck where it is retained in
position, and the elastic ring G being by the above operation compressed against
the bottle neck, an air tight and gas tight joint is insured; Figures 4 and 5 shows
a stopper similar to that shown in Figure 1 with the exception of the thumb piece
H, for which is substituted the cam lever I which swivels on the pin J, by which
it is secured to the bolt on the stem D. This stopper is inserted in the bottle neck
in a similar manner to the stopper shown in Figure 1, and when in position the
lever I is turned down so that either of the cams 2 or 3 (Figure 5) are in contact
with the flanged collar immediately over the longitudinal centre line of the stopper,
by which said action of the cam lever the elastic ring G is compressed against the
bottle neck, and a secure joint theroby made.
Figures 6 to 12 and Figure 15 illustrate my improved stoppers which are
adapted to ordinary bottles, and in which the joint is securely made by the pressure

page_text: of the gas in the bottles acting on the under end of a coned bolt or stem, and
extending packing pieces or split bushes, and compressing the elastic rings thereon
against the interior of the bottle necks; D is the bolt or stem with a head D',
cone D³, and recess D³, in which the end of the elastic ring is inserted.
Figures 6, 7, and 8, show a stopper in which the split coned bush or packing
pieces K', K, K³, are employed to compress the elastic packing G; Figure 8 is a
sectional elevation of the stopper as taken through the dotted line U, V, (Figure 7),
the stopper being in its normal state and ready for insertion in the bottle neck;
Figure 6 is a sectional elevation showing the stopper in position, the pressure of
the gas on the head D of the bolt having extended the packing pieces or split
bush K', K, K; Figure 7 is a transverse section as taken through the dotted line
W, X, (Figure 6); Figures 9, 10, 11, and 12, show a stopper in which a flanged
collar is split longitudinally into segments F, F, F, the coned bolt D acting on
the said segments to compress the elastic packing G, as in the case of the stopper
lastly described; Figures 9 to 11 are sectional elevations as taken through the
dotted line 4, 5, Figure 10; Figure 10 is a plan of the split collar, and Figure 12 is
a transverse section as taken through the dotted line S, T, (Figure 11); Figure 11
shows the stopper in its normal state, and Figure 9, as it is when fixed in the
bottle, and the pressure of the gas is acting on the head D¹ of the bolt; Figure 15
is a sectional elevation of a stopper in which the packings K and K' are suspended
from the flanged collar F, the pressure of the gas on the head D' of the stopper
extending the said packings and compressing the elastic ring G against the bottle
neck:
Figures 13 and 14 shows a stopper actuated from above the cone D³ of the bolt,
being forced down between the lower parts of the packings K, K¹, and K³, to
extend them, thereby enlarging the elastic ring G, and compressing it against the
bottle neck; Figure 13 is a sectional elevation as taken through the dotted line
6, 7, (Figure 14), and Figure 14 is a transverse section as taken through the dotted
line Q, R, (Figure 13).
Figures 16 and 17 show a stopper in which the loose packings K, K', are
extended by the cams L, L¹, by turning the thumb pieco H one fourth part of a
revolution, the said packings enlarging the elastic ring G and compressing it
against the bottle neck. Figure 16 is a sectional elevation as taken through the
dotted line 8, 9, (Figure 17), and Figure 17 is a transverse section as taken through
the dotted line O, P, (Figure 16). Figures 21 to 24 (Sheet 2), illustrate my im-
provements in filling and stoppering inachines. Figure 21 is a front view partly in
section; Figure 22 is a side view; Figure 23 is a plan; and Figure 24 is a plan of
that part of the apparatus below the dotted line 10, 11, (Figuro 21).
A is a spindle carried in bearings E, and rotated by the handle B; C is a fork at
the end of the spindle A, into which the lever I on the stopper (shown in Figure 4,
Sheet 1) is inserted; on turning the spindle A, the projections E, and E¹, of the
said stopper are forced into the ✓ shaped recesses under the projections C and C' in
the bottle neck. The horizontal spindle F is then forced through the stuffing box
G for the purpose of depressing the said lever I as hereinbefore described with
reference to the said stopper (Figure 4).
Figures 18, 19, and 20, (Sheet 3), illustrate the alterations of and additions to
ordinary tools necessary for the manufacture of my improved bottle. Figure 18 is
a plan; Figure 19 is longitudinal section of the centre part thereof; and Figure 20
is a transverse section of the plug as taken through the dotted line S, T,
(Figure 18).
A is the stem secured to the bow Q; B is a coned central spindle sliding in the
stem A; C is a tube or case free to revolve on the stem A; D and D' are forks,
part of or fixed to the case C, and carrying the hollow flanged plug E; F and G
are two springs connected to the case C, and carrying dies F and G.
H and H' are two pins screwed into and through a block J which slides in a slot
in the stem A; K and K' are rods connecting the block J with the collar L, tho
said collar having two arms M and M', which are secured to the arms N and N' of

page_text: an ordinary pair of tongs; O and O' are dies for shaping the outside of the neck of
the bottle as ordinarily used.
The plug F is shaped externally to give the required form to the interior of the
bottle neck, and it can have a projection P which will form the upper side of the
L shaped recess, and it is slotted to allow the dies F1 and G' to be protruded
through and beyond it to form the lower side of the said L shaped recess.
In making my improved bottle, the glass is blown, and the inaterial for the neck
added thereto in the ordinary manner, and to give the improved form to the neck,
the plug E is inserted therein; the bottle and plug E, springs F and G, and dies F¹
and G, and case C, will rotate together as the bottle is revolved between the dies
O and O'. As the arms N and N' of the tongs (carrying the dies O and O¹) are
drawn together for the purpose of forming the neck externally, the arms M and M¹
actuate the collar L which moves on the outer case C, thereby forcing the cone of
the spindle B between the spring dies F1 and G¹, and extends them beyond the
plug E, thereby forming the lower side of the L shaped recess. As the arms of the
tongs are extended, the coned spindle is thereby drawn back, and the action of the
springs F and G force back the dies F' and G₁, thus allowing the plug E to be
withdrawn from the bottle neck.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to be novel and
original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the hereinbefore in
part recited Letters Patent is,-
Firstly. Improvements in the construction of bottles and jars to facilitate the
stoppering thereof, by forming two L shaped recesses and projections in the interior
of the necks thereof, the said L shaped recesses and the projections being opposite
one another in the bottle neck, and being set in opposite directions or otherwise.
Secondly. The combination of parts forming stoppers as specified and described
in reference to Figures 1, 4, and 5 (Sheet 1 of the Drawings), and adapted to the
improved construction of bottle.
Thirdly. Improvements in stoppers in which loose packing pieces are (or in which
a bush split longitudinally is) employed to compress an elastic ring, or enlarge it
against the lower part of the bottle neck, the said packing pieces or split bush
being extended by a central bolt or stem by pressure acting from within or without,
and as described in reference to Figures 6 to 17 (of Sheet 1) of the accompanying
Drawings.
Fourthly. Grooving or corrugating the external surface of the collars or bushes
on which the elastic packing ring is secured for the purpose of increasing the
elasticity of the said ring, by the use of which a joint is securely made with less
pressure than by the use of plain collars or bushes and plain rings.
Fifthly. Additions to and alterations in filling machines to adapt them to stopper
bottles in which the stopper has to be rotated, and a lever on the top thereof turned
down, substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in Figures 21 to 24
(Sheet 2) of the accompanying Drawings.
A
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Frederick Wood, have hereunto set 4
my hand and scal, this Fifth day of November, One thousand eight hundred
and seventy nine.
CHARLES FREDERICK WOOD. (L.S.)