Improvements in Engine Governors.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 30th Apr., 1891.
Complete Specification Left, 1st Feb., 1892-Accepted, 5th Mar., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Engine Governors.
I, HERBERT REED HALL, of Oulton, Leeds, in the County of York, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to that class of engine governor in which the steam or
motive fluid supply is controlled by centrifugal force combined with the energy
derived from the momentum or inertia of some rotating part of the governor at
the instant of change of speed; momentum coming into operation when the engine
speed falls and inertia when the speed rises. In this manner more power is obtained
to operate the steam or motive fluid supply arrangements at the moment of speed
variation than can be had by centrifugal action alone.
The object of my invention is to combine centrifugal action with that due to
momentum and inertia in an engine governor in the simplest and most effective
manner so as to make my governor equally applicable to the various modes of con-
trolling the supply of motive fluid to engines whether by throttle action or variable
cut off.
In carrying my invention into effect as applied to an ordinary centrifugal
governor of the "Watt" type I arrange the sleeve operated by the governor balls
with an internal screw of suitable configuration of thread and pitch.
The driving spindle operated by gear or band is screwed externally and fits
easily in the sleeve and the governor head is conveniently carried by a spindle
passing through the driving spindle. The governor balls are driven by the screw
which is right or left hand depending on the direction of the rotation of the
driving spindle but so arranged that the sleeve tends to mount by the driving
spindle screwing out of it. The angle of the screw is such however that the
centrifugal action of the balls causes the sleeve to move up and down upon the screw
independently, as readily as if the ordinary sliding sleeve were used. The sleeve
thus depends for its position during steady running, within the limits of speed
variation, upon the centrifugal force. During any rapid momentary change of
speed however the sleeve screws on or off the driving spindle and so, quickly and
powerfully affects the steam supply. In the event of a sudden increase of engine
speed the driving spindle rapidly screws up the sleeve and so at once diminishes
the steam supply while if the speed suddenly decrease the sleeve is screwed down
and more steam admitted. A sufficiently slow change however will not bring this
action into play and when the speed settles down again the sleeve assumes a
permanent position depending on the centrifugal force of the rotating balls. A
driving disc formed on the screwed sleeve may be adapted in some cases to drive
the governor arms above the balls, and such an arrangement is found to answer
well in practice.
In constructing a governor specially adapted for the application of my invention
arranged vertically, I provide a hollow vertical spindle carrying a disc to which
are attached the governor arms and balls. The hollow spindle rotates freely in
suitable bearings which have mounted above, concentric with the hollow spindle, a
driving pulley or wheel. The driving pulley connects to a second hollow spindle,.
passing through the first, by key or other fastening. The second spindle is
screwed internally and carries within it a third spindle screwed externally into the
second and having at its lower end a T head into which the ends of the governor
ball arms work. The upper end is reduced and carries a spiral spring which by
means of a washer or washers and nuts pulls the third spindle up and tends to
bring the T head to the extreme position in which the throttle valve is full open.
When the pulley is driven it rotates the governor balls and disc through the

page_text: pressure brought to bear by the threads of the internal screw of the second hollow
spindle upon the external threads of the third spindle and the tendency in driving
is to screw out the screwed or third spindle and so close the throttle valve. This
tendency is resisted by the spring, and the governor thus operates by inertia of the
governor balls and disc when the engine speed rises the tendency is to shut off
steam at once, and momentum when the speed falls tends to increase the steam
supply. At the same time the centrifugal force determines the permanent position
of the sleeve or T head of the screwed spindle.
By this arrangement I provide a governor which is very sensitive and powerful
and is capable of governing an engine to keep it running within very small variations
of speed.
The same arrangement may be readily applied to a horizontal governor.
Although I have herein described my invention as carried into effect by means
of screws it will be readily understood that it may also be arranged with other
incline surfaces and that incline links may be adopted so as to produce rising and
falling movement by relative changes in rotation. These modifications may be
adopted without departing from the characteristic features of my invention.
Dated this 29th day of April 1891.
CLERK & MARKS,
13, Temple Street, Birmingham, Agents for Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Engine Governors.
I, HERBERT REED HALL, of Oulton, Leeds, in the County of York, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
My invention relates to that class of engine governor in which the steam or
motive fluid supply is controlled by centrifugal force combined with the energy
derived from the momentum or inertia of some rotating part of the governor at
the instant of change of speed; momentum coming into operation when the engine
speed falls and inertia when the engine speed rises. In this manner more power is
obtained to operate the steam or motive Huid supply arrangements at the moment
of speed variation than can be had by centrifugal action alone.
The object of my invention is to combine centrifugal action with that due to
momentum and inertia in an engine governor in the simplest and most effective
manner so as to make my governor equally applicable to the various modes of con-
trolling the supply of motive fluid to engines whether by throttle action or variable
cut-off.
Referring to the two accompanying sheets of drawings:-
Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4 illustrate various modifications of my invention.
In carrying my invention into effect as applied to an ordinary centrifugal
governor of the "Watt" type, as shown at Figures 1 and 2, I arrange the sleeve A
operated by the governor balls C¹, C¹, with an internal screw A' of suitable con-
figuration of thread and pitch. The driving spindle B operated by gear as B' or
band is screwed externally at B' and fits easily in the sleeve A, and the governor
head is conveniently carried by a spindle C passing through the driving spindle B.
The governor balls are driven by the screw B which is right or left hand depending
on the direction of the rotation of the driving spindle, but so arranged that the
sleeve A tends to mount by the driving spindle B screwing out of it. The angle
of the screw B is such however that the centrifugal action of the balls causes the
sleeve A to move up and down upon the screw independently, as readily as if the ordinary
sliding sleeve, having no internal screw, were used. The sleeve A thus depends
for its position during steady running within the limits of speed variation, upon the

page_text: centrifugal force. During any rapid momentary change of speed, however, the
sleeve A screws on or off the driving spindle, and so quickly and powerfully affects
the steam supply. In the event of a sudden increase of engine speed the driving
spindle B rapidly screws out of the sleeve A and thus screws up the said sleeve
and so at once diminishes the steam supply. This action is due to the fact that
the governor balls are driven round by the screw B and when the speed suddenly
increases the balls lag behind, as pressure to rotate them cannot be applied quickly
enough by the screw A. If the speed suddenly decreases the sleeve is screwed
down, and more steam is admitted, as the balls then continue rotating faster than
the screw B² and so the sleeve A is screwed downwards.
A sufficiently slow change, however, will not bring this inertia action into play,
and when the speed settles down again the sleeve A assumes a permanent position
depending on the centrifugal force of the rotating balls. A driving disc formed
on the screwed sleeve may be adapted in some cases to drive the governor arms
above the balls, and such an arrangement is found to answer well in practice. The
disc D is used to further weight the sleeve A and for the before mentioned
purpose.
In constructing a governor specially adapted for the application of my invention
arranged vertically as shown in Figure 3, I provide a hollow vertical spindle E
carrying a disc F to which are attached the governor arms and balls G, G. The
hollow spindle E rotates freely in suitable bearings as H which have mounted
above, concentric with the hollow spindle, a driving pulley or wheel I. The
driving pulley I connects to a second hollow spindle K, passing through the first,
by key or other fastening. The second spindle K is screwed internally at K¹ and
carried within it is third spindle L screwed externally at L' into the second
and having at its lower end a T head L into which the ends of the governor ball
arms G work. The upper end of the spindle L is reduced and carries a spiral
spring M, which by means of a washer or washers and nuts pulls the third
spindle L up and tends to bring the T head to the extreme position in which the
throttle valve is full open.
When the pulley I is driven it rotates the governor balls G and disc F through
the pressure brought to bear by the threads of the internal screw K' of the second
hollow spindle upon the external threads L¹ of the third spindle L, and the
tendency in driving is to screw out the screwed or third spindle L and with it the
Thead L² carried by it and so close the throttle valve. This tendency is resisted
by the spring M and the governor thus operates by inertia of the governor balls G
and disc F, when the engine speed rises the tendency is to shut off steam at once;
and momentum when the speed falls tends to increase the steam supply. At the
same time the centrifugal force determines the permanent position of the sleeve
or T head of the screwed spindle.
By this arrangement I provide a governor which is very sensitive and powerful
and is capable of governing an engine to keep it running within very small variations
of speed.
The same arrangement as shown in Figure 3 may be readily applied to a
horizontal governor.
Figure 4 shows an arrangement which is readily applicable to any existing
governors. The bevil wheels B' drive the spindle B with the external screw B³
which screws into the screwed sleeve A as hereinbefore described with reference
to Figure 1. But in this case the spring M is used to act with the balls C'. The
spindle C passing through to the governor head and rotating with it free of the
hollow spindle B, is geared by bevil wheels O, P to a shaft driving a small
fly-wheel Q and thus the effect of the momentum and inertia of the balls C¹ is
reinforced by that of the wheel Q. The action is the same as hereinbefore
described and the addition is readily made to existing governors.
Although I have herein described my invention as carried into effect by means
of screws, it will be readily understood that it may also he arranged with other
incline surfaces, and that incline links may be adopted so as to produce rising and

page_text: falling movement by relative changes in rotation. These modifications may be
adopted without departing from the characteristic features of my invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
(1) In an engine governor, the application of the inertia or momentum of a
rotating mass, by the aid of a screw or wedge drive, to increase the power of a
centrifugal governor at the moment of sudden change of speed substantially as
and for the purposes hereinbefore described and illustrated in the drawings annexed.
(2) In an engine governor, the combination of an external screw driving an
internal screw sleeve arranged of such angle that the said sleeve may still be operated
by centrifugal force of the balls and constructed substantially as illustrated at
Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawings.
(3)-An engine governor having driving pulley or gear, three spindles and
spring, internal and external screws, disc and balls, as and for the purposes herein-
before described with reference to Figure 3 of the drawings.
(4) The several modifications of combined inertia momentum, and centrifugal
governors hereinbefore described with reference to Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4 of the
drawings.
Dated this 29th day of January 1892.
CLERK & MARKS,
13, Temple Street, Birmingham, Agents for the Applicant.