CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING COTTON YARNS AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS, AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR WINDING, REELING, BALLING, AND SPOOLING SUCH SUBSTANCES WHEN SPUN
Year: 1849

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
HENRY DODGE, Citizen of the United States of America, but now residing at
Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Tenth day of May, in the
twelfth year of Her reign, and in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and forty-nine, did, for Herself, Her heirs, and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said George Henry Dodge, my exors, adññiors, and assigns,
Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said
George Henry Dodge, my exors, adiñors, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said George Henry Dodge, my exors, adññiors, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the
term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise
and vend, within England and Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed,
my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING AND
DOUBLING COTTON YARNS AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS, AND IN MACHINERY
OR APPARATUS FOR WINDING, REELING, BALLING, AND SPOOLING SUCH SUBSTANCES
WHEN SPUN;" in which said Letters Patent there is contained a proviso, that
I, the said George Henry Dodge, shall cause a particular description of the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, to be enrolled in Her
said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next

page_text: and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent,
as in and by the same, reference. being thereunto had, will more fully and at
large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance, with the said proviso, I, the said
George Henry Dodge, do hereby declare that the nature and particulars of my
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed and
carried into effect, are particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, .reference being, had to the. Drawings hereto
annexed, and to the figures and letters of reference marked thereon, that is
to say:--
My Invention consists of improvements in machinery applicable to spinning,
doubling, winding, reeling, balling, and spooling yarns of cotton and other
fibrous materials.
The first series of my improvements relate to the spinning machine known
as the throstle, and more particularly in reference to that description of those
machines in which the spindle bobbins are dispensed with, and the "cop" is
built upon the bare spindle, or on a tube upon the spindle as in mule spinning.
This portion of my Invention consists of improvements upon machinery of
this class, for which Letters for England were granted me on the-Seventh day
of October, One thousand eight hundred and forty-seven. In building a cop
upon this systein I make use of the flyer' known as the ring and traveller
flyer, (as described in the Specification of my former patent) which, as it is well
known, I shall not proceed to describe: The spindles are placed upon each
side of the "frame," and are driven by warves and bands from a drum or
roller upon a central shaft, as in the ordinary thróstle. From this shaft the
several chief motions which actuate my improved machinery emanate, the
operations performed by which are,-
Firstly, a novel method of effecting the upward and, downward motions of
the copping rail placed at right angles to the main shaft A; transversely of the
machine is another shaft B, which I denominate the scroll shaft; upon the
shaft B is placed a loose spur wheel B¹; driven from the main shaft A, in any
convenient manner. To this spur wheel B₁ is attached a dog or clutch
wheel B, furnished with a flange B³ projecting from its surface, on the
periphery of which flange a single detent 6 is cut; working or fitting within
the circular flange B is a disc or plate C, to the hubb or boss of which C¹ the
cam scroll c, afterwards referred to, is secured. A spring click or dog c' is made
fast to the hubb or boss c of the disc C, working in a radial slot b' cut in the
face of the disc C. This spring click takes into the detent b, cut in the flange
B3 of the clutch wheel B2, and causes the scroll shaft B to make a partial

page_text: rotation, and raise the copping rail A, as afterwards explained. When the
copping rail A¹ has completed its upward traverse, a curved lever 62, whose
fulcrum is on the face of the disc C, is brought to bear against a lever b³, upon
a standard attached to the framing, which depresses the spring click c, dis-
engages it from the detent 6 in the flange B³ of the clutch wheel B³, and
allows the copping rail A¹ to descend by the force of gravitation.
Secondly, the novel method of causing the copping or ring/rail A' to perform
its upward traverse, with speed accelerating as it rises. This I effect by means
of the clutch wheel B2 acting upon the scroll cam c, which is fast upon the
boss of the disc C, upon the scroll shaft B. From this scroll cam c motion is
communicated by chain gearing c³ to a. second scroll. cam d, working upon a
stud or bracket upon the framing. On the axis of this second scroll-cam is
a spur pinion D, gearing into a toothed quadrant E, made fast upon the scroll
shaft B, from which shaft the upward motion of the copping rail A¹ is effected
by means of the chain a working upon the scroll A, and connected to the
rockers F, the action of which is explained in my former Specification, and
herein-after referred to. The action of the chain gearing upon the different
diameters of the two scroll cams c and d is such as to cause the pinion D,
upon the axis of the second scroll cam d, to move with an increased velocity,
which acceleration of speed is communicated to the copping rail as it rises by
means of the quadrant E, and system of scrolls, chains, and rockers, operated
upon from the scroll, shaft B.
'
Thirdly, the novel method of causing the copping or ring rail: A' to perform a
short and sudden rise or lift when arrived nearly to the nose of the cop, in order
to wind as little yarn there as possible. To accomplish this, a cam or lever G,
upon the scroll shaft B, depresses a long lever H, whose fulcrum is the doffing
shaft I. The lever H, by means of a short-tail lever h, acts upon an arm of a
double lever i, whose fulcrum is a stud upon an arm 12 of the doffing shaft I.
On the other arm of this double lever a carrier roller g is placed, over which
. roller the chain a, connecting the scroll shaft B with the rockers F, for lifting
the copping rail by means of the usual standards, passes. From the long
lever Ha vertical arm or standard H¹ projects, on which arm is placed a
roller, beneath which the chain a, connecting the scroll shaft B, with the
rockers F, passes. On the arm 12 of the doffing shaft I, which supports the
5: double lever i, is a projection 2, upon which the stud of. 'the carrier roller g¹ on
the double lever i rests, except when the action of the cam or lever G on the
scroll shaft B'elevates the carrier roller g¹ on the double lever i, and depresses
the roller h¹ on the vertical standard H', causing a certain quantity of the
chain a to be taken up, and thus acting upon the rockers-F, effects a short and

page_text: sudden rise or mor the copping or ring rail as it approaches the nose of
the cop.
Fourthly, the novel method of throwing the dog or clutch wheel out of action,
in anticipation of the completion of the upward motion of the copping or ring rail
when required. The object of this is to prevent the machine from starting when
the copping rail is at the nose of the cops. This is performed by causing the
lever, against which the curved lever b, acting upon the spring click or
dog c, bears to be operated upon through another lever ³moving upon the
same, fulcrum by the strap fork G', when the frame is thrown out of gear, and
receive an amount of motion sufficient to disengage the spring click c' from
the detent in the flange B³ of the clutch wheel B before the copping rail A¹
could arrive at the nose of the cop or complete its upward traverse, thus
causing the machine to be prepared to make the next start upon the large
diameter of the cops.
Fifthly, the novel method of regulating the downward motion of the copping
rail by the introduction of a ratchet or catch wheel on the axis of the balance
wheel. The ratchet wheel J and the balance wheel K receive motion from
the large spur wheel A³ on the scroll shaft B geering into and driving the
pinion k on the axis of the balance wheel K, and revolve upon a stud pro-
jecting from the radial arm L, attached to the scroll shaft B. Upon the
completion of the upward traverse of the copping or ring rail A¹, the spring
click c¹ is disengaged from the detent 6, in the flange B' of the clutch wheel B³,
and the copping rail A¹ descends by gravitation, and acting upon the radial
arm L, arrests the momentum of the balance wheel K; the catch or dog j,
upon the radial arm L, now takes into the ratchet or catch wheel J, locks the
balance wheel K, and thereby preventing it from reversing motion, permits
the descent of the copping or ring rail A¹ to take place with a nearly positive
or uniform motion, which is governed by the speed of the large wheel A³
upon the scroll shaft; or, in place of this method of locking the balance wheel,
friction apparatus may be used to effect the object, if preferred.
Sixthly, a novel method of doffing or lowering the copping or ring rail for
the purpose of doffing the cops. For this purpose I make use of a worm
wheel M (affixed to a standard) and gearing into a sector or quadrant N, upon
the doffing shaft I. The worm wheel M is worked, when required, by means
of a handle or winch m, and conveys motion through the sector or quadrant N
to the arm I³, which supports the double lever i, bearing the carrier. roller g',
depresses the arm I of the double lever i and carrier roller g', slackens the
chain a, connecting the scroll shaft B with the rockers F, and permits the
copping rail A' to descend to the point required for doffing.

page_text: Seventhly, in a novel method of equalizing the action of the copping rail on
the scroll shaft in proportion to the length of the wind on the cop. On the:
axis of the carrier pulley O, over which the balance weight P in connection
with the rockers F passes, I place a cam scroll Q, the surface of which declines
nearly to its axis; the chain o¹, connecting the levers 02 acted upon by the
scroll shaft B and rockers F with the action of the balance weight P, passes
over the carrier pulley O, to which it is secured, and the chain p, from which
the weight P is suspended, passes over, and is attached to a "nug" p' on the
periphery of the scroll cam Q; when the machine is on the short wind, the chain
p, supporting the balance weight P, rests upon the portion of the scroll cam
Q, which throws the leverage of the balance weight P nearest to the centre of
the axis of the balance weight P and carrier pulley O, but as the cop increases
in size, and the machine gets upon the long wind, the weight P gradually
arrives at the farthest distance from the axis of the carrier pulley O, and hangs
from that portion of the scroll cam Q which is of the same diameter as the
carrier pulley O; upon the scroll shaft B is placed a tappet scroll A³, con-
nected by the chain a with the rockers F. This tappet scroll A is about half
the size of the scroll cam Q, acted upon by the balance weight P; and the
effect of this combined arrangement is, that the leverage of the copping rail on
the scroll shaft, when the machine is on the short wind and the balance weight
lies close to the axis of the carrier pulley, is the same as when the machine is
on the long wind and the balance weight is suspended from that part of its
diameter which is equal to that of the carrier pulley, the leverage being
equalized under all variations of the wind, as the tappet on the scroll shaft
regulates the length of wind.
Eighthly, a novel method of governing the distance between the guide rail
and the copping or ring rail during the periods of their respective vibrations.
For this purpose I use a lever R, whose fulcrum is a standard r on the framing;
this lever has a stud or projection ¹, which rests upon the copping or ring rail
A¹,
and as the copping or ring rail alternates with an upward and downward
motion imparts a vibratory motion to the lever R; upon a swell or projection
on the lever R a standard S³, supporting the guide rail S, and connected
thereto by a sliding bar or rod S2 rests; the sliding bar or rod S2 moves
through a slide s' in a bracket attached to the framing, and receives an amount
of vibration varying from that of the copping rail A¹ in proportion to the
relative distances of the stud r', resting on the copping rail A', and the swell ³,
supporting the standards of the guide rail S, from the fulcrum of the lever R,
the traverse of the guide rail S, in proportion to the traverse of the copping or
ring rail A', being regulated by the adjustment of the stud r¹ and projection

page_text: on the lever R. The advantages of this arrangement consist in the facility it
affords for bringing the spindles T, T, nearer to each other in spinning with the
ring and traveller flyer, and by reducing the distance between the copping or
ring rail A¹; and the guide rail S, in their respective vibrations, lessens the
angle at which the yarn is delivered from the guide wiress to the spindles T,
and preserves the yarns from the liability to breakage and injury by coming
into contact with each other.
Ninthly, in the adaptation of a clearer or waste roller placed immediately
beneath the front delivery roller. This clearer or waste roller t is a plain
smooth cylinder of metal driven by gearing u, v, &c., and placed as near as
convenient to the front roller t without coming into contact with it; the clearer
or waste roller runs in the same direction as the bottom fluted roller, and is.
necked out in a corresponding manner. The object of this roller is to prevent
waste by the cotton, working round the fluted roller when the sliver is broken,
and being necked out gives the operator ready facility to remove the waste from
the roller:
The second series of my improvements relate to a novel description of ring.
and traveller flyer for doubling and twisting yarns, which I denominate an
inverted ring, as the traveller instead of running on the top of the ring, as in
the ordinary flyer, runs upon the interior surface of the ring, which is bossed
out to receive it, the traveller being nearly of the shape of a double hook, as
seen at Fig. 12.& 13; Drawing No. 2.
The third series of my improvements relates to machinery for winding,
reeling, balling, and spooling yarns, and consist in an improved method of
maintaining the yarns in tension as delivered from the guide wires. These
improvements are shewn in Figures 14 and 15, Drawing No. 2. The spindles
in machines used for these purposes I make with a hinged socket joint or slide
w, which permits the spindle U to be depressed when required; above the
guide wire V, and upon the guide rail V¹, I place a hinged joint W', from
which is suspended a drum or fetter W, one to each spindle; the yarns pass.
over the drum' or fetter W, and are delivered through the guide wires V to the
spindles U; these guide wires are set very near to the top of the spindles, so
that the distance between the cops ✗ and the guide wires V is very small, and.
the amount of vibration is greatly reduced, the friction of the drum and the
reduced vibration imparting a more uniform degree of tension and consequent
firmness to the wind of the yarn.
F
"Having now fully described the nature and particulars of my said Invention,
and having shewn several methods by which I carry the same into effect, and
having described the operations and processes of my improved machinery, I

page_text: wish it to be understood that I do not confine myself to the precise mechanical
details herein set forth, or any one of them, so long as the peculiar charac-
teristics of my Invention, or any part thereof, are retained, or the operations
performed thereby are effected, but in this my Specification of Letters Patent
granted unto me as aforesaid, I claim,-
Firstly, the peculiar and novel construction of the clutch wheel, having one
detent only upon its flange, and the application of the same or any equivalent
therefor to the purposes herein set forth.
Secondly, the method described, or any modified arrangement thereof, or
equivalent therefor, by which the scroll cam put into action by the clutch
wheel, communicates motion to a second scroll cam, which, through a pinion
and quadrant, communicates motion to the scroll shaft, and through the
system of scroll cams, chains, and their appurtenances, causes the copping or
ring rail to perform its upward motion with an accelerating speed.
Thirdly, the method described for causing the copping or ring rail to make
a short and sudden rise or lift when nearly at the nose of the cop, so that little
yarn may be wound at that point, and any modification or equivalent for the
arrangements set forth for this purpose.
Fourthly, the method of throwing the clutch wheel out of action by means
of the strap fork acting upon the lever that disengages the spring click, in
order to prevent the machine from stopping on the nose of the cop.
Fifthly, the application of a ratchet or catch wheel to the balance wheel,
and the apparatus described in connection therewith or any modification thereof
by which the descent or downward motion of the copping or ring rail is regu-
lated by the large wheel upon the scroll shaft.
Sixthly, the worm wheel and sector, or quadrant, on the doffing shaft, or
their mechanical equivalents for doffing or lowering the copping or ring rail
when required, together with the appurtenances connected therewith and
relating thereto.
Seventhly, the arrangements set forth in relation to the scroll cam and
carrier pulley for adjusting the leverage of the copping rail upon the scroll
shaft, or any modified mechanical arrangement for performing the same.
Eighthly, the novel method of reducing the distances between the spindles
of throstles, and other spinning and doubling machinery, in which the ring
and traveller flyer is employed, by the arrangements set forth, or any modi-
fication thereof, by which the relative motions or alternations of the copping
or ring rail and guide rail, in proportion to each other, are governed and
regulated.
Ninthly, the improved clearer or waste roller, as described.

page_text: Tenthly, the ring and traveller flyer of the improved construction, as
described.
Eleventhly, the novel method of maintaining the tension of yarns in machinery
for winding, reeling, balling, and spooling, by using the metallic drum or fetter,
secured upon a hinge attached to the guide rail, the arrangement of the guide
wire near to the nose of the spindle, and the hinged socket or sliding joint at
the bottom or foot of the spindle, or any modified system of the arrangements
set forth.
The whole of which being, to the best of my knowledge and belief, new
and never before practised in that part of Her said Majesty's United King-
dom of Great Britain and Ireland called England, Her Dominion of Wales,
and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, I deliver this as my true and faithful
Specification of the same.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Henry Dodge, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Ninth day of November, One thousand eight
hundred and forty-nine.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Ninth day of November, in the
year of our Lord 1849, the aforesaid George Henry Dodge came before our
said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to
the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enroned the Tenth day of November, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and forty-nine.