IMPROVED APPLIANCES. FOR COOLING LIQUIDS ALSO APPLICABLE FOR HEATING THE SAME
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Francis Thomas Bond of Gloucestor in the county of
Gloucestor Doctor of Medicine for an Invention of IMPROVED APPLIANCES.
FOR COOLING LIQUIDS ALSO APPLICABLE FOR HEATING THE SAME
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Francis Thomas Bond at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th June 1883.
FRANCIS THOMAS BOND of Gloucester in the County of Gloucester Doctor of
Medicine IMPROVED APPLIANCES FOR COOLING LIQUIDS, ALSO APPLICABLE FOR
HEATING THE SAME
The improvements comprised in this invention refer more particularly' to
refrigerators used for cooling milk and beer on a small scale, and especially where'
there is no available supply of water for cooling purposes other than that obtainable
from a draw-well or from an ordinary lift pump; but they are also applicable to
refrigerators used for cooling large volumes of liquid where the conditions to be
dealt with indicate the suitability of the means which I employ. The refrigerators
generally in use amongst farmers and others for cooling milk and beer in small
quantities are so arranged that they require to be supplied with water which has
to be laid on either from a high pressure service or from a tank or other reservoir;
placed above the refrigerator, with an outlet at the lower part of such roservoir to:
obtain a head of water sufficient to maintain a current through the refrigerator. As.
the latter requires in most cases to be placed at some little height above the ground
in order to allow the cooled liquid to be run off into the vessels intended to receive it,,
the reservoir to supply it has to be placed so high that it cannot be conveniently
supplied with water by hand, but must be fed by means of a force pump, thus
involving the expense of providing and fitting the same together with. the pipes.
and other fittings connected therewith. The object of my invention is to provide
a refrigerator and a reservoir for water to supply the same, of such a nature that
the bulk of the water in the latter shall be below instead of above the level of the
refrigerator, and so that the reservoir shall stand at such a height from the ground
that it may be conveniently supplied with water by liand. The appliances which
I use for the purposes of this invention are two viz; a refrigerator and a reservoir,;

page_text: which I connect together by a pipe or tube in the way hereinafter described. My
refrigerator I construct in any one of the following ways, viz: by the apposition to
one another of two sheets of thin copper or other suitable metal, of corresponding
shape and size, suspended vertically in such a way that a narrow interval of
uniform width is left between the two sheets in all parts, which interval I convert
into a chamber by uniting the borders of the sheets to one another in a water-tight
manner, an aperture being left in the bottom of the chamber for the inlet of water
into it, and another aperture at the upper part thereof for the outlet, and the liquid
to be cooled or heated being allowed to flow down over the surface of the chamber
so formed from a gallery on the top with perforations in the bottom thereof. The
sheets of metal which I thus use may be of a plane surface, or they may be
corrugated so as to present alternate ridges and furrows running in a horizontal
direction, so as to increase the amount of surface thus exposed, proportionately to
the total size of the refrigerator, the sheets being so adapted to one another that
their ridges and furrows shall be either applied coincidently to one another so as to
form a chamber of vertically sinuous outline, and of uniform width from plate to
plate, or, in opposition to one another, so as to form a chamber the vertical section
of which through both plates shall be alternately expanded & contracted according
as the corrugations of the plates approach to or recede from one another. Or,
instead of constructing a chamber in the way hereinbefore described, having only
two parallel surfaces available for cooling purposes, I may construct one of
cylindrical or polygonal horizontal section so that the liquid to be cooled shall run
down over the whole of the outer surface of the chamber, the wall or walls of such
chamber being vertically plano or corrugated to any depth that is found convenient,
the corrugation being carried even to such an extent as practically to convert the
vessel into a series of chambers placed one above the other, an aperture being
provided between each chamber for the passage of water from one to the other.
When so constructed I find it advantageous to give the water in its passage
through the chambers a vortical motion, so as to bring it as thoroughly as possible
in contact with the walls of the chambers, which I do by delivering it into the
chamber in each case by means of a short tube connected with the aperture leading
into the chamber, curved in such a way as to throw the stream at a slight angle
against the periphery of the chamber and thus cause it to rotate in its passage up
through the chamber. The second appliance which I use for the purposes of my
invention is a reservoir, open at the top, of any suitable size, and of such a height
that when placed in position to supply the refrigerator its upper margin shall not
be higher than will allow of water being conveniently poured into it by hand. In
the upper part of the wall of this reservoir I make an aperture, to which I connect
in an air-tight manner a tube or: pipe running to the bottom of the reservoir, with
its lower end open; and I continue this tube or pipe through the aperture and
connect it in an air-tight manner with the inlet of the refrigerator; and to the
outlet of the refrigerator I attach a second tube or pipe, long enough to reach at
least as low as the level of the bottom of the reservoir, for the purpose of conveying
the water away from the refrigerator. To the lower end of this tube or pipe I
attach a cock or other suitable device for arresting and regulating the rate of flow
through the outlet. The refrigerator when so connected with the reservoir may be
placed to stand on any convenient support, or may be attached to or suspended
from the reservoir itself.
In order to bring the apparatus so constructed into operation I pour water into
the resorvoir until it rises to the level of the outlot, after which it will flow into
the interior of the refrigerator through the pipe connecting the latter with the
reservoir, and thence to the outlet pipe, and so away, When the whole arrange-
ment has thus become full of water a siphon is established, by means of which the
reservoir will in time be emptied more or less completely according to the lovel at
which the outlet of the arrangement is placed in regard to that of the reservoir.
It is necessary for the efficient working of this arrangement that the pipes and
refrigerator should be completely emptied of air, for if any remains in them it will

page_text: collect in their upper part and either prevent the siphon action from starting or
interrupt it after it has continued for some time. For this purpose it is desirable
to make all the pipes and apertures connected with the apparatus of uniform size,
so that the flow of water through them may be equal; also to make all the junc-
tions perfectly air tight, and to connect the outlet pipe of the refrigerator with tho
highest part thereof, and to introduce a tap, screw cap, or other suitable device for
making communication at will with the outer air at the highest part of the
refrigerator and of the reservoir pipe respectively, so that whon the water is filling
these latter all the air inside them may conveniently escape; the communication
being closed when the whole arrangement is full of water. The tap at the end of
the outlet pipe serves both to facilitate this result, when it is closed, and also to
regulate the flow of water through the arrangement.
.
It will thus be seen that the general nature of this my arrangement consists in
combining a refrigerator constructed in any of the ways hereinbofore described
with a tank of such a height that the latter can be conveniently filled by hand, and
in such a way that it is emptied by siphon action, the interior of the refrigerator
forming whon united with the reservoir a portion of the siphon."

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Francis Thomas Bond in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 21st
December 1883.
FRANCIS THOMAS BOND of Gloucester in the County of Gloucester, Doctor of
Medicino IMPROVED APPLIANCES FOR COOLING LIQUIDS, ALSO APPLICABLE FOR
HEATING THE SAME
---
The improvements comprised in this invention refer more particularly to refri-
gerators used for cooling milk and beer on a small scale, and especially where there
is no available supply of water for cooling purposes other than that obtainable
from a well or from an ordinary lift pump; but they are also applicable to
refrigerators used for cooling large volumes of liquid where the conditions to be
dealt with indicate the suitability of the means which I employ. The refrigerators
at present generally in use amongst farmers and others for cooling milk and beer
in small quantities are so arranged that they require to be supplied with water
which has to be laid on either from a high pressure service or froin a tank or other
reservoir placed above the refrigerator with an outlet at the lower part of such
reservoir to obtain a head of water sufficient to maintain a current through the
refrigerator. As the latter requires in most cases to be placed at some little height
above the ground in order to allow the cooled liquid to be run off into the vessels
intended to receive it, the reservoir to supply it has to be placed so high that it
cannot be conveniently supplied with water by hand, but must be fed by means of
a force pump, thus involving the expense of providing and fitting the same together
with the pipes and other fittings connected therewith. The object of my invention
is to provide a combination of a refrigerator and a reservoir for water, and to supply
the same of such a nature that the bulk of the water in the latter shall be below
instead of above the level of the refrigerator, and so that the reservoir shall
stand at such a height from the ground that it may be conveniently supplied
with water by hand. The appliances which I use for the purposes of this
invention are two viz: a refrigerator and a reservoir, which I connect
together by a pipe or tube in the way hereinafter described. My refrigerator
I construct in any one of the following ways vis: by the apposition to one
another of two sheets of thin copper or other suitable metal, of corresponding shape
and size, suspended vertically in such a way that a narrow interval of uniform
width is left between the two sheets in all parts, which interval I convert into a
chamber by uniting the borders of the sheets to one another in a water-tight
manner, an aperture being left in the bottom of the chamber for the inlet of water
into it and another aperture at the upper part thereof for the outlet; and the liquid
to be cooled or heated being allowed to flow down over the surface of the chamber
so formed from a gallery at the top with perforations in the bottom thereof. The
sheets of metal which I thus use may be of a plane surface, or they may be
corrugated so as to present alternate ridges and furrows running in a horizontal
direction, so as to increase the amount of surface thus exposed, proportionately to
the total size of the refrigerator, the sheets being so adapted to one another that
their ridges and furrows shall be either applied coincidently to one another so as
to form a chamber of vertically sinuous outline, and of uniform width from plate
to plate, or, in opposition to one another, so as to form a chamber the vertical
section of which through both plates shall be alternately expanded and contracted
according as the corrugations of the plates approach to or recedo from one
another Or, instead of constructing a chamber in the way hereinbefore described,
having only two parallel surfaces available for cooling purposes, I may construct

page_text: one of polygonal or cylindrical horizontal section, so that the liquid to be cooled
shall run down over the whole of the outer surface of the chamber, the wall or.
walls of such chamber being vertically plane, or corrugated to any depth that is
found convenient, the corrugations being carried even to such an extent as
practically to convert the vessel into a series of chambers placed one above tho
other an aperture being provided between each chamber for the passage of water
from one to the other. When so constructed I find it advantageous to give the
water in its passage through the chambers a vortical or rotatory motion so as to
bring it as thoroughly as possiblo in contact with the walls of the chambers, which
I do by delivering it into the chamber in each case by means of a short tube
connected with the aperture leading into the chamber, curved in such a way as to
throw the stream at a slight angle against the periphery of the chamber and thus
cause it to rotate in its passage up through the chamber.
The second appliance which I use for the purposes of my invention is a reservoir
open at the top, of any suitable size, and of such a height that when placed in
position for supplying the refrigerator its upper margin shall not be higher than
will allow of water being conveniently poured into it by hand. In the upper part
of the wall of this reservoir I make an aporture, to which I connect in an air-tight
manner a tube or pipe running to the bottom of the reservoir with its lower end
open; and I continue this tube or pipe through the aperture and connect it in an
air-tight manner with the inlet of the refrigerator; and to the outlet of the
refrigerator I attach a second tube or pipe long enough to reach at least as low as
the level of the bottom of the reservoir, for the purpose of conveying the water
away from the refrigerator. To the lower end of this tube or pipo I attach a cock
or other suitable device for arresting and regulating the rate of flow through the
outlet.
The refrigerator when so connected with the reservoir may be placed to stand
on any convenient support or it may be attached to or suspended from the
reservoir itself.
In order to bring the apparatus so constructed into operation I pour water into
the reservoir until it rises to the level of the outlet, after which it will flow into the
interior of the refrigerator through the pipe connecting this latter with the
reservoir, and thence into the outlet pipe, and so away. When the whole
arrangement has thus become full of water a siphon is established by means of
which the reservoir will in time be emptied more or less completely according
to the level at which the outlet of the arrangement is placed in regard to that of
the reservoir.
It is necessary for the efficient working of this arrangement that the pipes and
refrigerator should be completely emptied of air, for if any remains in them it
will collect in their upper part and either prevent the siphon action from starting
or interrupt it after it has continued in action for some time. For this purpose it
is desirable to make all the pipes and apertures connected with the apparatus of
uniform size so that the flow of water through them may be equal; also to make
all the junctions perfectly air-tight, and to connect the outlet pipe of the
refrigerator with the highest part thereof; and to introduce a tap, screw-cap or
other suitable device for making communication at will with the outer air at the
highest part of the refrigerator and of the reservoir pipe respectively, so that
when the water is filling these latter all the air inside them may conveniently
escape, the communications being closed when the whole arrangement is full of
water. The tap at the end of the outlet pipe serves both to facilitate this result,
when it is closed, and also to regulate the flow of water through the arrangement.
It will thus be seen that the general naturo of this my arrangement consists in
combining a refrigerator constructed in either of the ways hereinbefore described
with a tank of such a height that the latter can be conveniently filled by hand,
and in such a way that the tank is emptied by syphon action, the interior of the
refrigerator when connected with the reservoir forming a portion of the siphon.
The figures hereunto appended will help to explain more fully those portions of

page_text: my invention which I particularly claim as novel. Of these, figure I represents a
tank, with three bent tubes inserted therein, so as to form in each case when
connected with the cooling appliance exhibited therein, a siphon by means of
which the tank may be emptied of wator; the three appliances being represented
as attached to a single tank for the sake of avoiding multiplication of drawings,
and in order to show the application of the method to appliances of different
construction. Thus, in the said figure A and A' represent respectively a
front and a side view of an appliance for cooling or heating liquids formed
by the application of two corrugated sheets of metal to one another in
such a way as to form between them and with tho aid of the side picces a
chamber of sinuous outline, into which water can be conveyed from the tank by
the tube C, and away from it by the tube D, in a way which is familiar to all
who are engaged in this department of trade, and which, therefore, does not need
any special description. In the same figure B represents another form of appliance
for the same purpose, constructed in the way hereinbefore described, by the super-
position on one another of a series of circular chambers, into which water is
conveyed from the tank by the tube C, and away from it by the tube D. The
precise construction of this part of my invention is shown in figure II, which
represents a vertical section of it made throughout the middle, in which a¹ a³ and a³,
represent a scries of lenticular chambers, separated from one another in each case
by a diaphragm, 61 and 6. These chambers may be multiplied vertically to any
extent that may be thought desirable. Water, at any appropriate temperature for
cooling or heating, as may be desired, is brought into the lower-most of these
chambers by means of the tube c, which terminates in a horizontal portion a, so
curved as to give the water a rotatory movement in the chamber as it leaves the
tube. The nature of this arrangement is more fully shewn in Figure III which
represents a plan of the lower most chamber, with a section of the vertical tube c,
terminating in the curved horizontal tube d; the arrows indicating the direction
of rotation which will be given to the water. The letters d¹ d³ d³ indicate a
corresponding arrangement of curved tubos in the upper chambers, the water
passing through an aperture in the roof of each chamber into the curved tube of
the chamber above, and being directed thence into the chamber with a rotatory
motion, as before described. When the water arrives at the uppermost chamber
it passes off by the outlet tube c, in the uppermost part of which is fixed a tap or
screw vent f, for the purpose of giving exit to air when the appliance is being
filled with water. On top of the uppermost chamber is a tray or gallery g, for
the reception of the liquid to be cooled or heated, at the lower part of which is a
ring of holes, through which the liquid passes on to the upper surface of the
chamber a¹, and, flowing down the under surface of this chamber to the upper
surface of the chamber below, and so on to the bottom, is ultimately received in
the tray or gallery h, having an outlet pipe k, by which it may be conveyed into
the vessel in which it is to be received.
In figure I, E is the tank in which is fixed the tube F, open at both ends, and
bent at its upper part, where it passes through the wall of the tank. In the
highest part of this bend I fix a tap or screw-vent G for the purpose of giving exit
to air when the appliance is being filled with water from the tank; and at the
end of the outlet tube D in each case I fix the tap or regulator H, for the purposo
of enabling the whole arrangement to be filled with water, so that the air may be
entirely drivon out, and the appliance thus be fully charged with water before
starting. The appliances thus described may be either suspended from the tank,
as shown in A A¹, or supported on a bracket, as in B, or in any other convenient
way. In figure I a reservoir K for the liquid to be heated or cooled, for the
purpose of feeding the heating or cooling appliance, is shown in position on tho
top of the tank, where it is convenient to place it.
Having thus described the nature of this my invention and the manner in which
the same is to be carried out I desire it to be understood that what I claim in
connection therewith is (1) the construction of an appliance for heating or cooling

page_text: liquids in the shape of a series of vertical metallic circular chambers, in passing
through the interior of which the water employed for heating or cooling purposes is
made to circulate in its passage through the chambers, and is thus brought into
contact with their metallic walls to a much greater extent than would occur if it
simply passed upward or downward through the chambers without thus
circulating;
(2) the combination of the said appliance, or of other appliances now in use for
the same purposes with a tank so constructed and placed that when the same is
full, the bulk of the water therein contained may stand at a level which is not
higher than that of the appliance which it supplies, and so connected with such
appliance by means of flexible or other tubes or pipes that a siphon arrangement,
of which the said appliance shall form part, shall be established, by means of
which the tank shall empty itself through the appliance when it has been filled
with water;
(3) the combination with the said siphon arrangement of a tap or regulator at
the lower end of the longer leg thereof, and of taps or screw-vents at such parts of
the siphon as may be liable to retain air when the arrangement is being filled with
water, so as to allow the air to escape;
(4) the combination of an appliance for heating or cooling liquids with a tank
for supplying hot or cold water to the same, the water being conveyed from the
latter to the former by siphon action substantially in the manner hereinbefore
described.
In witness whereof I the said Francis Thomas Bond have hereunto set my
hand and seal in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty
three