IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MOULDING AND CASTING STEEL AND OTHER PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samson Fox, of the Leeds Forge, New Wortley, Leeds,
in the County of York, Engineer, and Joseph Whitley, of the Railway
Works, Leeds, in the said County, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MOULDING AND CASTING STEEL AND OTHER
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samson Fox and Joseph
Whitley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th November
1881.
SAMSON Fox, of the Leeds Forge, New Wortley, Leeds, in the County of York,
Engineer, and JOSEPH WHITLEY, of the Railway Works, Leeds, in the said County.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MOULDING AND CASTING
STEEL AND OTHER METALS."
In the Specification of former Letters Patent granted to one of us, the above.
named Joseph Whitley, dated the 18th day of September 1879, and numbered 3742,
are described certain improvements in the manufacture of steel and other boilers,
also of steel and other plates for boiler making, shipbuilding, and other purposes.
Now our present Invention has reference to improvements in machinery or
apparatus for the more perfect developinent of the manufacture of articles, such as
named in the above mentioned Specification, more particularly such as tubes used
for the internal fire boxes, flues, and shells of steam boilers, and relates to the
formation of the moulds in which we cast such articles, and the manner in which
we mount and cause said moulds to rotate during the process of casting. We
make the mould a composite one, the interior part being of cast iron or other
suitable material, truly bored to suit the size of tube to be cast; this mould is fitted
into and surrounded by a wrot iron or steel cylinder or jacket of somewhat larger
diameter internally than the external diameter of the said mould; this leaves an
annular space between the mould and the jacket, which we fill with a non-
conducting or refractory material, such as asbestos or silicate cotton. Around the
outer cylinder or jacket we shrink metallic rings, those at the ends being turned
ine RI

page_text: runner
"
truly concentric with the interior of the mould. The ends are accurately fitted
and secured to the outer cylinder in such wise that the mould may expand and
contract without affecting the junctions of the ends to the cylinder. The ends are
made with an inside lining, a space being left between the parts, which we also
fill with nonconducting or refractory material as above described; on the outside
of these ends are projecting nozzles or openings of sufficient capacity for the
introduction of the
or "gate," by which the molten metal is conducted
to the interior of the mould; the outside of the said projections are also truly
turned concentric with the inside bore of the mould, and take into and are guided
by suitable bearings for steadying the mould during its revolving motion and the
casting operation. The completed mould, in addition to being guided by the before
mentioned bearings, rests upon and is driven in one arrangement by frictional
contact with the peripheries of the two suitably mounted driving wheels, which
may be two fly wheels of a steam or other motor; but the mould may be otherwise
driven. The mould is correctly balanced in order to ensure its steady running
during the operation of casting, and the speed at which we drive it is such that
the centrifugal force imparted to the molten metal is sufficient to ensure its equal
distribution over the interior of the mould without at the same time crowding up
the inside planes formed by the two ends. In connection with the mould we
provide an additional shaft with a fly wheel, and in a line with the centre of the
mould, and which we connect there with by means of a suitably arranged coupling
in order that the momentum of the said fly wheel may continue the regularity of
motion of the mould on its liability to be thrown out of balance at the moment of
pouring in of the molten metal. When a tube thus formed, as above described, has
become sufficiently solidified and contracted as to permit of its removal from the
mould, the rotating motion is discontinued, the mould with the tube is removed
from its bearings, one or both ends taken off, and the tube withdrawn, the ends are
then replaced, the mould remounted in its former position ready for another cast.
In a modification in the manner of mounting and driving the mould, we mount
it in similar guiding bearings, as previously described, the turned peripheries of the
rings at the ends of the outer cylinder or jacket rest and roll upon a pair of anti-
friction wheels suitably mounted, the mould being driven at one end from any
shaft or motor, but is not rigidly connected therewith, but is provided with an
intermediate shaft or spindle between the said shaft or motor and the mould, and
connected by yielding or universal couplings so as to allow of perfect freedom of
the rolling motion of the mould upon the said anti-friction wheels, a fly-wheel, as
previously described, being used for regulating the motion of the mould. The
coupling in immediate connection with the mould is so arranged that the said
mould may be easily removed from its bearings after each cast, and replaced as
above described.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Samson Fox and Joseph Whitley in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 15th May 1882.
SAMSON Fox, of the Leeds Forge, New Wortley, Leeds, in the County of York,
Engineer, and JOSEPH WHITLEY, of the Railway Works, Leeds, in the said
County. IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MOULDING AND
CASTING STEEL AND OTHER METALS."
21
In the Specification of former Letters Patent granted to one of us, the above
named Joseph Whitley, dated the 18th day of September 1879, and numbered 3742,
are described certain improvements in the manufacture of steel and other boilers,
also of steel and other plates for boiler making, shipbuilding, and other purposes.
Now our present Invention has reference to improvements in machinery or
apparatus for the more perfect development of the manufacture of articles such as
nained in the above-mentioned Specification, more particularly such as tubes used for
the internal fire boxes, flues, and shells of steam boilers, and relates to the formation
of the moulds in which we cast such articles, and the manner in which we mount
and cause said moulds to rotate during the process of casting. We make the
mould a composite one, the interior part being of cast iron or other suitable
material, truly bored or otherwise formed to suit the size of tube to be cast, this
mould is fitted into and surrounded by a wrought iron, steel, or other metallic
cylinder or jacket, of somewhat larger diameter internally than the external
diameter of said mould; this leaves an annular space between the mould and the
jacket, which we fill with a non-conducting or refractory material, such as asbestos
or silicate cotton, or other suitable material, which material we divide into sections
by the insertion at intervals of metallic rings. Around the outer cylinder or jacket
we shrink or otherwise fix metallic rings, which may if desired be turned truly
concentric with the interior of the mould in order to facilitate the balancing
thereof. The ends are accurately fitted and secured to the outer cylinder or jacket
in such wise that the mould may expand and contract without affecting the
junctions of the ends to the outer cylinder or jacket.
The ends are made with an inside lining, a space being left between the parts,
which we also fill with non-conducting or refractory material as above described.
On the outside of these ends are projecting nozzles or openings, one of which is of
sufficient capacity for the introduction of the "runner or "gate" by which the
"
molten metal is conducted to the interior of the mould. The outsides of the said
projections are also truly turned concentric with the inside bore of the mould and
take into and are guided by suitable bearings for steadying the mould laterally
during its revolving motion and the casting operation. The bearing at that end
where the "runner or "gate" is introduced is provided with anti-friction rollers,
one on each side at its horizontal centre line, and above such centre line with an
anti-friction roller mounted in a weighted lever or otherwise, for the better
securing of a steady running motion. The complete mould, in addition to being
guided by the beforementioned bearings rests upon and in one arrangement is
driven by frictional contact with the peripheries of two suitably mounted driving
wheels which may be two flywheels of a steam or other motor, but the mould may
be otherwise driven, as hereinafter described. The mould is correctly balanced in
order to ensure its steady running during the operation of casting, and the speed
at which we drive it is equivalent to about 2,000 feet per minute of the interior
surface of the mould, or such that the centrifugal force imparted to the molten
metal is sufficient to ensure its equal distribution over the interior of the mould
In connection with the mould we provide an additional shaft with a fly-wheel
such shaft being in a line with the axis of the mould and connected with the'

page_text: mould by means of a coupling, in order that by the momentum of the said
flywheel, regularity of motion of the mould may be maintained, when otherwise
it would be thrown out of balance, as for instance, at the moment of pouring in
the molten metal.
When a tube formed as above described in our improved apparatus has become
sufficiently solidified and contracted to permit of its removal from the mould, the
beforementioned coupling may be disengaged from its connection with the mould,
the rotating motion discontinued, the mould with the tube removed from its
bearings, one or both ends taken off and the tube withdrawn; the ends are then
replaced and the mould is remounted in its former position ready for another cast.
Or the mould may have a portable front, the removal of which will enable us to
withdraw the shell the moment crystallization has set in, and without removing
the mould from its bearings.
According to a modification in the manner of mounting and driving the mould,
we mount it in similar guiding bearings to those previously described, with the
turned peripheries of the rings at the ends of the outer cylinder or jacket, or the
peripheries of the end portions of the mould itself resting so as to roll upon anti-
friction wheels mounted upon a shaft below said mould and carried in ordinary
bearings. The mould in this case is driven at one end from any shaft or motor,
but is not rigidly connected therewith, an intermediate shaft or spindle being
provided between the actuating shaft or motor and the mould, and connected by
yielding or universal couplings so as to allow of perfect freedom of the rolling
motion of the mould upon the said anti-friction wheels. A fly wheel, as previously
described, is provided for regulating the motion of the mould. The coupling in
immediate connection with the mould is so arranged that the mould may be easily
removed from its bearings after each cast and replaced as above described, or the
mould may have a portable front and so avoid its removal from its bearings as
above referred to.
In the accompanying four Sheets of Drawings the same letters refer to the
same or like parts wherever they occur. Fig. 1, Sheet 1, is a side elevation;
Fig. 2, Sheet 2, is a plan; and Fig. 3, Sheet 3, an end elevation. A is the internal
part of the mould, of cast iron or other suitable material; B is the outer cylinder or
jacket of wrought iron, steel, or other metal surrounding the part A, leaving an
annular space C between the inner part A and the outer part B for the introduction
of refractory material for preventing the radiation of heat from the inner part A
of the mould. C1 are metallic rings between the sections of refractory material; D,
D1, D2, D3, are metallic rings shrunk or otherwise fixed around the outer cylinder
or jacket B for strengthening the same; E and F are the ends of the mould, each
is fitted accurately on to the outside cylinder B and into the interior of the mould A,
leaving a space, G, G, on the end E and its end liner H, to allow of expansion of
said interior part A as it becomes heated by the action of the molten metal
poured therein; H, H. 2, are inside liners of the ends of the mould, each provided
with a space between itself and the corresponding end E or F for the reception
of refractory material. The said ends E and F are secured to the end rings D
and D 3 respectively by a number of bolts I. The projection or nozzle E 1 of
the end E is turned concentric with the interior of the mould, and is guided
laterally by the pedestal J, that part of the said nozzle E 1 which projects beyond
the pedestal J is formed into a clutch for driving the shaft K by means of the
corresponding clutch E 2, moveable thereon at pleasure by the lever L.
On the said shaft K is the fly-wheel M for maintaining a uniformity of speed of
the mould whilst pouring in the molten metal. The end F is provided with a
larger nozzle for the introduction of the " runner 'or "gate" H 1 for conveying the
molten metal and distributing it equally over the surface of the interior of the
mould as it is being run from a ladle N. The periphery of the nozzle F1 is also
turned concentric with the interior of the mould, and takes into the pedestal C
provided with anti-friction rollers P, P, for the lateral guidance of the mould, a
weighted lever Q carrying a similar roller R for the further steadying of the mould

page_text: "
whilst being rotated. The turned peripheries of the two ends E and F of the
mould rest upon and are driven by frictional contact with the peripheries of the
driving wheels S, S, mounted upon the shaft T carried by the pedestals U, V, and
W. On the shaft T is mounted the driving pulley X, which receives its motion
from a steam engine or other motor. B1 is a carriage on rails C 2, upon which is
mounted the ladle N for containing molten metal; E4 is a valve or plug at the
bottom, actuated by the rack E 2 and pinion G 1, for discharging the metal when
required to make a cast. The "runner or "gate" H 1 has a number of nozzles or
outlets for distributing the metal equally over the surface of the mould; Fig. 4 is a
side elevation shewing another arrangement for driving the mould; Y is the shaft
of a steam engine or other motor, or it may be a shaft driven therefrom, and is in
a line with the axis of the mould and connected therewith by the spindle Z and
coupling boxes A1 and A2, as is usual in rolling machinery. The mould is
mounted in a similar manner to that described with respect to Figs. 1, 2, and 3,
but the wheels S, S, in place of being driving wheels, are in this case anti-friction
rollers upon which the mould rests and revolves, the wheels S, S, are mounted on
the shaft T, which rotates in the bearings V and W.
Having described the nature of our Invention, and the manner of carrying
the same into practical effect, we would have it understood that what we consider
to be novel and original, and therefore claim as secured to us by the Letters
Patent hereinbefore first in part recited is,-
1. In a centrifugal machine for moulding or casting metal the use of a mould,
comprising an internal cylinder, an external cylinder or jacket and interposed
refractory material, such mould being provided with ends, each having a liner,
between which and the end itself refractory material is interposed, all substantially
as above described.
2. In a centrifrugal machine for moulding or casting metal the use in combina-
tion with a mould such as referred to in Claim 1, of wheels S for supporting and
driving the mould pedestals J and O, anti-friction rollers P, P, weighted lever Q,
and roller R for guiding and steadying the mould whilst in operation, sub-
stantially as described.
3. The combination of parts constituting the improved centrifugal machine for
moulding or casting metal, constructed, arranged, and operating substantially as
described above and illustrated by Figs. 1 to 3 inclusive of the Drawings.
4. The modified arrangement (exclusive of the wheels S) described with reference
to Fig. 4 of the Drawings.
5. The use of a fly wheel or its equivalent for maintaining the regularity of
rotation of the mould on the pouring in the metal, substantially as described.
In witness whereof, we, the said Samson Fox and Joseph Whitley, have
hereunto set our hands and seals, this Tenth day of May, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty two.
DADOR TUA.
1.5.)
Witness to the signatures of the said
Samson Fox and Joseph Whitley,
THO. E. CRAVEN, C.E.,
Patent Agent,
24, Victoria Chambers,
South Parade,
Leeds.
JOSEPH WHITLEY. (L.S.)