Improvements in and relating to Stoves and Ranges.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd Sept., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 18th June, 1895-Accepted, 20th July, 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Stoves and Ranges.
I, STEPHEN WATKINS, of Prince's Chambers, Wolverhampton in the County of
Stafford, Civil Engineer and Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention (a communication to me from abroad from Edwin Ruthven
Cahoone, of No. 33 Thomas Street, in the City of Newark, in the County of
Essex, in the State of New Jersey, one of the United States of America, Gentleman)
to be as follows:-'
This invention relates in the main to the class of stoves and ranges in which
bituminous coal is burned and wherein the object is to effect such perfect combustion
that free carbon is substantially eliminated and the generation of smoke thereby
avoided. The main features of the invention are especially well adapted to a stove
or range of this class which employs a transverse air-duct in the fire-box, partially
separating the fuel-chamber from a rear gas-flue, said duct supplying air through
perforations in its lower edge under which the gases must pass.
A feature of the invention consists in providing a metal air-duct of this kind with
a protecting covering of refractory material; in forming the metal portion of the
duct in two parts for convenience of casting, and in providing the duct with an air-
pocket or air-duct at its upper part to receive air through apertures in the top or
front wall of the stove or range. Another feature of the invention consists in
providing the fire-box of the stove or range with a nominally imperforate fire-bed,
either capable of tilting as a whole, or having in it valves which tilt or turn to let
out ashes. Where the whole fire-bed tilts it may have an apron at the back, to
hold back unburned fuel when the bed is tilted and teeth at its front edge between
which air may enter the fire-box. Another feature of the invention consists in
providing the stove or range, between the charging-door above and fire-bed below,
with a movable front, hinged or otherwise, to facilitate the removal of coke and
unburned fuel. The hearth-plate is also movable, and may be integral with the
movable front. Another feature of the invention consists in providing a curved or
ogee back wall to the gas-flue back of the air-duct in the stove or range, and a
water-back in said back-wall. Another feature of the invention is the construction
in the front of the stove or range of protected air-inlets for supplying air to the
upper part of the fuel in the fuel-chamber. Other features of the invention consist
in providing a poking-hole or holes in the stove or range top, having sliding covers;
an inspection window or windows in the stove or range, such window having a
trunk and air-inlet to prevent the vapors and dust from accumulating on the mica,
and a slide to cover a window or windows in the charging-door or front of the
stove or range, said slide having trunks to prevent sinoke from accumulating on the
mica windows which latter have air-inlets about their margins.
i
Where required, an air-duct, with perforations, may be arranged in the back
wall of the gas-flue, to supply air to the heated gases passing back under the
transverse air-duct.
Dated this 21st day of September 1894.

page_text: The front 14, of the stove, extending from the fire-bed up to near the charging
door 6, is movable, as is also the hearth-plate, 15. Preferably the front 14 will be
hinged to the stove something like a door. In Figures 1, 2 and 3 this front is
hinged at its upper edge so as to turn up, and the hearth-plate 15 is integral with
it so that both may turn up together, the object being to open the stove for the
removal of coke and unburnt fuel. This material may be drawn off from the fire-
bed 13, into the ash-box 5, where it falls on a removable grid, 5*, in the ash-box,
which sifts it. In the construction of Figure + the front 14 is hinged at its side
like an ordinary door and the hearth-plate 15 is separate from it. Preferably the
inner face of the front 14 will be lined with some refractory material, 14.
In operating the stove the fire-box is charged with fuel at the charging door, air
being admitted in part through the door, in part through the air-duct 8, and in part
through apertures, 14, in the front 14, which apertures may have an ordinary
register slide. There is a recess, 14, in the upper part of the lining tile or
block, 14, into which the apertures 14 open and the recess 14° leads the air to the
upper part of the mass of fuel in the chamber 7. To prevent dust or fuel from
getting into the recess 14°, the stove front is provided with a projecting hood or
lip, 14°, above and over said recess.
I
To slice or stir the fire conveniently a poking hole, 16, is formed in the top-
plate 9, and this will be, by preference, provided with a wicket or covering-slide, 16*,
arranged to rest in a recess about said hole.
1.
For convenience of removing the transverse duct 8, the part of the stove-top 9,
over the front part of the stove is made independent of the other part, 9*, by
preference, and also readily removable. The duct 8 may or may not be secured to
the plate 9, if it be otherwise supported.
In the class of stoves and ranges which have transverse air-ducts, it is desirable
to have a window which will permit inspection of the gas-flue 10 without opening
the stove, and it is important that this window shall not be obscured by vapors
arising from the coal. To this end a window, 17, is set in the side of the stove or
range at the proper point. Figures 5 and 6 show the preferred construction.
A trunk, 17, is attached to the stove or formed integrally with it, and a sheet of
mica set in a frame at the outer end of said trunk. The trunk serves to protect the
mica to a good extent from being clouded, but preferably air will be admitted about
the edge of the mica as indicated by the arrow in Figure 5, to effectually prevent
the discoloring or clouding of the window. Where a set range provided with
a window 17 and poking hole 16, one set will suffice, but for a stove it is preferable
to provide one of these conveniences at each side of the stove, as seen in
Figure 2.
4.
The charging door 6, is illustrated in detail in Figures 7 and 8. In it are mica
windows, 18, the mica plates being clamped between the metal plates of the door
in a manner to admit air about the mica, in order to prevent smoke settling on and
clouding the mica'; this is done by cutting away a portion of the metal of the plates
about the openings in any convenient manner. Also, to aid in preventing the
contact of smoke with the mica windows, a register, slide, 19, (Figure 7) is mounted
on the inner face of the door and furnished with trunks, 19, one about each
opening in the slide. Figure 7 shows the normal position of the slide 19; if it be
moved to the right the width of a window, the window will be covered by the
slide, but air will still be admitted at'apértures, 20, in the door. This position of
the slide is that preferred when putting on fresh fuel or when building a fresh fire.
If the slide 19 be pushed still further to the right, the slide will close both the
windows 18 and the air-apertures 20. This adjustment is sometimes required. or
desirable when the fire is left for the night.
The flue 2, over the oven, may have a baffle, 2, if desired, to deflect the gases
upward to the pot-holes in the stove-top.
Referring to Figures 9 and 10, these views illustrate a somewhat modified
construction wherein the stove is 'shortened and the front pot-holes are brought
over the air-duct 8; the said 'duct has a plate, 21, which extends from the upper

page_text: part of the duct 8 to the front of the stove, and an air-supply duet, 22, leading
from the front of the stove into the middle part of the duct 8. This construction
leaves a chamber, 23, for hot gases over and above the duct 8. The fire-bed, 13*,
which is nominally imperforate, is pivotally, mounted at its ends so as to tilt, as
indicated in dotted lines in Figure 9, and has teeth, 13, at its front edge which
bear normally against a bar in the stove front so that air can pass between them.
These teeth serve to crush masses or lumps of coke which tend to prevent the teeth
from closing.
At the rear of the fire-box is a sloping back, 24, of refractory material, against
which the fuel lies, and the fire-bed 13, has an apron, 13, at its rear edge, which,
when the fire-bed is tilted, keeps back the unburned fuel and allows the ashes to
be raked out in front. In Figure 9 the rocking bed 13ª is represented as of metal
with a covering of refractory material.
There may be an air-duct, 25, formed in the inclined back 24, with lateral outlets
for air into the fire-box, as shown.
: The construction shown in Figure 1 may have the air-duct 22, and chamber 23,
seen in Figure 9; and the construction seen in Figure 9 may have the valved fire-
bed and movable front 14, illustrated in Figures 1 and 4. The protecting covering
to the duct 8, seen in Figure 1, is not absolutely essential, and has been omitted
from Figures 4 and 9; but it is much preferred over the plain metal as prolonging
the usefulness of the duct, which is exposed to considerable heat.
All of the air-inlets to the fire-box of the stove or range may be provided with
registers or other means for closing or partly closing them.
'
In order to utilize the stove or range for broiling or toasting, it will, only be
necessary to provide in the side, or in both sides, of the stove or rauge, a removable
or hinged door at the end of the transverse gas-flue 10, whereat a broiler or toaster
may be inserted. The smoke and gases from the toasting or broiling will pass off
to the smoke-flue. The peep window 17, may be set in this door. In Figure 1
such a door is indicated by dotted lines; and in order to provide a wider space for
the door, the transverse air-duct is represented in dotted lines as cut away at the
rear. The air-duct may be modified in form in this way without impairing its
efficiency; but the door may be set in the side of the stove or range without such
modification of the duct.
'Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
transverse
1. A stove or range having the fire-box therein provided with a
air-duct, perforated at its lower part, said duct being of metal and furnished with a
protecting covering of refractory material which wholly or partly covers the metal
as herein set forth.
2. A stove or range having an air-duct across its fire-box composed in part of
metal and in part of more refractory material, and having the portion of the
top-plate over said duct readily removable, substantially as herein set forth.
13. A stove or range having a transverse air-duct in its fire-box and said air-duct
having a pocket at its upper part to receive air from an aperture or apertures in
the wall or top of the stove or range, substantially as herein set forth.
14. A stove or range having a transverse air-duct in its fire-box and a gas-flue
back of said duct, and having a water-back in the back wall of said flue, substantially
as herein set forth.
. A stove or range having a transverse air-duct in its fire-box and a gas-fiue
back of said duct, the back wall of the gas-flue having the ogee form seen in Figure 1,
substantially as set forth.
"
6. A stove or range having a transverse air-duct in its fire-box and having
a nominally imperforate fire-bed, the whole or a part of, said bed being adapted to
tilt on pivots for the removal of ashes, substantially as set forth.
7. A stove or range having a transverse air-duct in its fire-box and an imperforate

page_text: bed, said bed being provided with independently movable valves for the removal of
ashes, substantially as herein set forth."
8. A stove or range having a transverse air-duct in its fire-box, a charging door,
a fire-bed, and a movable front 14, capable of being opened for the removal of coke
and unburned fuel, substantially as set forth.
9. A stove or range having an imperforate fire-bed and a front 14, hinged to the
stove and connected to or integral with the hearth-plate 15, whereby both may be
opened together, as set forth.
10. A stove or range having a transverse air-duct in its fire-box and a movable
front 14, provided with a recessed lining and with air-inlets opening through the
front into said recess, the stove being also provided with a projecting lip or hood
over said recess in the lining, substantially as set forth.
11. A stove or range having a poke-hole or holes 16, in its top over the
fuel-chamber, and a cover or covers for the same, substantially as set forth.
12. A stove or range for burning bituminous coal having in its side a protected
mica window for inspecting the interior of the fire-box, substantially as set forth.
13. A stove for burning bituminous coal having in its side an aperture covered
with mica, and a trunk leading from said mica window to the interior of the stove,.
substantially as set forth.
14. A stove or range for burning bituminous coal having in it a mica window
with an air-inlet about the mica, and having a trunk leading from said mica to the
interior of the stove, substantially as set forth.
15. A stove or range of the character described having an inspection window,
substantially as represented in Figures 5 and 6, constructed in the side of the stove
or range in position to enable the flue 10 to be inspected, substantially as set forth.
16. A stove or range for burning bituminous coal having a slide 19, on its
charging door, the door and slide being constructed and arranged substantially as
represented in Figures 7 and 8, and as herein described.
17. A stove or range for burning bituminous coal having a transverse air-duct and
a supply air-duct 22, from the front of the stove, substantially as represented in
Figures 9 and 10 and as herein described.
18. A stove or range for burning bituminous coal having a transverse air-duct
and a gas-chamber 23, over said air-duct, substantially as represented in Figures 9
and 10 and as herein described.
19. A stove or range for burning bituminous coal having a rocking fire-bed with
or without teeth 13b at its front edge, and having an apron 13° at its rear edge, and
having a transverse air-duct in the fire-box, substantially as represented in Figures 9
and 10 and as described.
20. A stove or range for burning bituminous coal having a perforated, transverse
air-duct in its fire-box, and an air-duct 25, formed at the back of the gas-flue 10,
substantially as represented in Figures 9 and 10, and as described.
21. A stove or range for burning bituminous coal, having a transverse air-duct
and a down-draught, and having a poke-hole in its top-plate over the fuel-chamber,
substantially as set forth.
22. A stove or range for burning bituminous coal furnished with a transverse
air-duct, a gas-flue back of said duct, and a door in its side wall at the end of said
gas-flue for access to the latter for broiling and toasting, said door being provided
or not with a peep window, substantially as set forth.
23. A stove or range having a transverse, perforated air-duct in its fire-box, a
gas-flue back of said duct and an inclined back, 24, as seen in Figure 9, substantially
as set forth.
Dated this 17th day of Jun 1905
STEPHEN WATKINS.