Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application 14th Nov., 1895 Accepted. 14th Dec, 1895
A communication from THE LOZIER MANUFACTURING COMPANY, of Toledo,
Obio, United States of America, a company incorporated under the laws
of Ohio.
I, ALFRED JULIUS BOULT of 323 High Holborn, in the County of Mildlesex,
Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare the naturo of the said invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to chains of the now common type in which the links are
connected by cross-pins; its objects are to enable a chain of absolutely uniform
pitch, to be produced and all the wearing surfaces in the chain to be made of
hardened steel, so that the wear and its consequent variation of thb pitch and the
lengthening of the chain shall be reduced to a minimum
T
It consists of a chain composed of hardened steel centre links and softer metal
side links, with hardened steel pins having notches or recesses at their ends, into
which the softer metal of the side linka is upset or swaged to make firm
connections:
}
F
The accompanying drawing shews 'this invention in the best form now known,
but changes, obvious to a skilled 'mechanic, miglit be 'made in the details thereof,
without departing from the spirit of this invention as set forth in the claims at the
end of this Specification.
Fig. 1 is a side elevation, partly in section of a chain embodying this
improvement.
Fig. 2 is a plan view of the same, also partly in section;
Figs. 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 represent modifications of the invention which will be fully
explained in the' Specification!"
It has been considered very desirable to use pins and pivoted central links of
bardened steel in chains of the type to which this invention pertains, because of
the superior bearing surfices and 'slight wear thereof, thus obtained. It has been
found difficult however, to "secure sucli pins in place; by reason of the fact, that
owing to their extreme hardness they cannot be upset or rivetted at their ends;
and mechanical fastenings like nuts, cross-pins etc. are so expensive that no method
of cheaply producing such chains, has come into use. Any attempt to rivet the
ends of the pins results in upsetting or more or less disturbing the metal of the
pins throughout their entire lengths, frequently causing some of them to bind
hard in the links. Where this process has been tried with pins accurately fitted
to the bores of the links before they are rivetted, some of them are upset more
than are others by the rivetting process, and such chain cannot, therefore be made
uniform.in pitch, or in freedom of action on the pins. One expedient resorted to
has been to use a pin of softer metal 'covered betiveen the sideflinks by a hardened
steel sleeve, the softer pin projecting through the sidet links and being upset or
rivetted against the outer sides thereof; but this involves an unnecessary
multiplicity of parts which is expensive, in manufacture; and not desirable: To
overcome all 'these objections and to oheaply make a chain of this character
uniform in pitch, reliable, strong and substantially proof against wear and stretch
.
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Is necessary. to De a commercial suocess my correspondents proceed as
follows
The central links A A' of this chain, which are mounted so as to turn freely
upon the pins, are of hardened steel, as are also the pins. These central links
may be in single pieces as shown at A, or composed of several layers, as shown
at A. The central or main bearing portions b, of the pins are preferably made
slightly longer than the width of the central links, to allow of sufficient freedom
between the central and side links for easy play, without friction. At each end
the pins preferably have reduced shanks c, which are provided with grooves d,
or d', near their outer ends.
The side links E, are bored to snugly fit upon these shanks, and when placed
thereon the softer metal of the links is forcibly upset or swaged into the grooves d
or d² to completely fill them and firmly unite the side links to the pins. The first
pair of side links, at the left in Fig. 2, is shown as simply fitted upon the end
sbanks of the pin B', preparatory to the finishing swaging operation, by which
some of the metal of the side links will be displaced or flowed into the grooves of
the pin shanks, as shown at pius B2, B3, B4. These grooves may be of any of the
cross sectional shapes shown, or of other shapes that will accomplish the desired
рогрове.
In some cases it might be desirable instead of using continuous grooves, as
above described, to form a recess or a series of recesses e, around the pins. near
their ends, as shown in Fig. 3, into which the softer metal of the side links would:
be forced; but such changes as these lie within the skill of a good mechanic and
do not require the exercise of invention, to make some other than the precise
forms shown, and described in the foregoing Specification.
It might, in some cases, be advisable to dispense with forming the reduced
shanks at the ends of the pins and make the pins of even diameter throughout,
with the exception of the grooves or recesses formed at the ends for the reception
of the swaged metal of the side links; and such a construction is contemplated as
being within the scope of this invention. This modification is illustrated by
Figure 4, in which the side link E is shown as having a portion of its metal swaged
into the groove d, of the pin, while the side link E¹ merely slipped over the end
of the pin preparatory to the swaging operation. In this construction it is deemed
advisable to employ, during the swaging operation, a thin removable washer F,
between the side and centre links to preserve the requisite space between them for
free action. A thin fork, such as is shown in Figure 5, a split washer as shown in
Figure 6, or any other equivalent device would answer for this purpose.
Another modification of this invention is shown in Fig. 7, it consists of a chain
composed of side and centre links of any desired degree of temper united by
hardened steel pins upon the ends of which are soft metal washers G, swaged into
the grooves in the ends of the pins as before described in the case of the soft metal
Bide links.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention as communicated to me by my foreign correspondents and in what manner
the same is to be performed I declare tlint what I claim is;-
1. In a chain of the type described the central links, the hardened steel pivot
pins having grooves, channels, or recesses at their ends, the side links of softer
metal mounted on the ends of the pins with portions of their material adjacent to
the pins, forcibly swaged, upset, or flowed into the grooves or recesses of the pins
as and for the purpose herein before set forth..
2. In a chain of the type described the combination of the central links the
hardened steel pius reduced at their ends to form shoulders and shanks the
grooves near the ends of the shanks the side links mounted upon the shanks of
the pins and composed of softer metal some of which is swaged or forcibly pressed;
into the grooves in the pins substantially as set forth.

page_text: 3. The process of making a chain of the type herein described consisting of
using hardened steel pins with groove or recesses at or near their ends and side
links of softer metal portions of which are forced into the grooves or recesses of
the pins substantially as set forth.
1
1
CAT
1000
BOULT & WADE,
Agents for the Applicant.