Improvements in and connected with the Production of Weaving Diagrams.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 26th Sept., 1899
Complete Specification Loft 24th May 1900- Accented 25th Aug. 1900
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with the Production of Weaving
Diagrams.
We, JAN SZCZEPANIK, Engineer, and LUDWIG KLEINBERG, Manufacturer, both
of Ungargasse 12, Vienna III, Austria, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
In the production of diagrams by photography according to the Specification
of Letters Patent No. 16484 of 28 July 1898 the following defects have shown
themselves:-
-
1.There is seen on the screen only one part of the projected diagram with
one thread-crossing but not the entire diagram with all the thread-crossings at
once.
2. A single photographic exposure will not do, but several successive photo-
graphs must be taken, i.e., one must take, first of all one portion, then the
second portion, then the third portion of the object, and so on, the corresponding
thread crossing plate being changed each time.
3. The changing of these thread-crossing plates involves very great difficul-
ties; moreover, their manipulation is, owing to their size (usually 110 x 110 cm.)
and weight very difficult and wastes much time.
Now the object of this invention is the removal of the disadvantages set forth
above.
According thereto there are first of all obtained a number of negatives or
transparencies, diapositives (hereinafter called diapositives) of the object, each
of which contains only the parts of the object that are to have the same thread
crossing, so that all the negatives or diapositives together make up the object
er the picture thereof, whereupon the same, each with a thread crossing or
binding plate (hereinafter called a thread crossing plate) which is placed
immediately in front of or behind the corresponding negative or diapositive
and has or corresponds to the size of the object and on which the selected thread
crossing is represented in a known way by means of black dots, are advantageously
effected by means of a device such as described in the Provisional Specification
of an application for Letters Patent No. 17514 of 29 August 1899 for the pro-
jection of several images with or by means of a single objective projected by
means of or through a hole-plate in such a manner that the separately projected
images unite to form a complete image of the object. Apparatus for carrying
out this method is represented diagrammatically in Fig. 1 of the accompanying
drawing
As will be seen, the objective is placed in the diaphragm opening of the
wall a of the dark chamber and in front of the said objective is arranged the
device for enabling several pictures to be projected by means of one objective (b)
or several projected images to be united into a general or common image.
This device, described in the Provisional Specification of the Application
No. 17514 of 1899, comprises two or more mirrors cd which are placed at an

page_text: angle to one another and against the diaphragm opening and which divide the
pencils of rays coming through the diaphragm opening into several portions,
each portion being separately reflected by the mirrors or prisms, e and upon a
common surface, or the separate pencils of rays being united and projected by
the objective.
In front of this device is placed a frame g, in which are inserted either the
sensitive plates for the production of the requisite negatives or the obtained
negatives (n) diapositives themselves.
In front of the frame g there are arranged a condenser of known kind and
a source of light. In the dark chamber is arranged a stand which takes the
frame receiving the whole plate i and the sensitive paper or the glass plate k
serving as a support for the same.
With the device described, it is possible to project several images of an
object side by side upon a surface. If, for example, an object is to appear with
three thread-crossings, there are taken, by means of the apparatus, three pictures
side by side on one surface. After completion-that is to say, after developing
and fixing these pictures-only those portions of each individual image are
left which are to appear with the same thread-crossing, whilst all the other
portions are removed by retouching. In this way there are obtained for the
three thread-crossings three different negatives, which together make up the com-
plete image of the object.
If, for example, the flower 1 of the object shown in Fig. 2 is to be done in satin,
the leaves 2 in taffeta, and the stems 3 in twill, then on one picture or negative
(Fig. 3), everything with the exception of the flowers is covered, on the second
negative (Fig. 4) everything except the leaves, and on the third picture (Fig. 5)
everything except the stems. If now all these part images (Figs. 3, 4 and 5)
are, by means of the apparatus projected upon the surface, there is obtained a
complete image (Fig. 2). This image is projected upon the hole-plate
(Fig. 1) behind which is the sensitive paper j on the glass plate k. If a square
diaphragm be used for each diaphragm portion of the objective, the entire
picture shown in Fig. 2, enlarged and in squares, appears on the paper, as de-
scribed in the Specification of Letters Patent No. 16484 of 1898.
In the methods usually employed up to now for the production of diagrams,
the corresponding holes on the said hole-plate have, in order to produce thread-
crossings, been covered with the so-called thread-crossing plates. As is obvious,
the thread-crossing plates must in this case be as large as the diagram. In lieu
of employing plates of this size in order to cover the openings in the hole-plate
with them, one may directly cover with similar plates, having only the size of
the object or model or corresponding in size thereto, and also having black
dots, the corresponding parts of the negative or diapositive n. If the negative
together with these plates, which possess black spots indicating the thread-
crossings be enlarged and projected directly upon the hole-plate and enlarged,
certain openings of the hole-plate will not be illuminated. This non-illumina-
tion of several openings in the hole-plate corresponds to the covering of the
holes in the method described in the Specification of Letters Patent No. 16484
of 1899. If there is now placed upon the negative exhibiting the flower (Fig. 3),
a plate, the dots of which correspond to satin, and then before the second picture
with leaves (Fig. 4) a plate for taffeta thread-crossing and before the third
picture with stems (Fig. 5) a plate for twill thread-crossing, all the three portions
of the picture with these three thread-crossings appear on the screen behind the
hole-plate and therefore the complete image of the object with all the desired
thread crossings at once. All these little thread crossing plates 7 (Fig. 1) must,
of course, be very accurately adjusted. However, since all the thread-crossing
portions can be seen simultaneously on the screen, the defects arising from the
bad fastening of these plates can always be corrected. Since these thread-
crossing plates take up the right position on the hole-plate only in the case of
a particular enlargement this enlargement must always be retained and at the

page_text: same time it is necessary to keep constant the distance of the hole-plate from the
objective, the distance of the screen or the paper from the hole-plate, and the
distance of the optical apparatus from the frame g, in which are placed the
negatives or diapositives n that serve for making the diagram.
The avoidance of the adjustment requisite up to now enables the apparatus
to be greatly simplified. Since, however, different objects are made in different
sizes, the diapositives or negatives which serve for diagram-making must he
taken of such a size that they come out of the proper size with the constant
enlargement which is produced in the apparatus when its several constituents
are arranged at the given distances apart.
Such an accurate photograph can be produced today with great ease by means
of known photographic apparatus.
It is evident that with suitably-arranged projection apparatus diagrams may
be produced not only for three thread-crossings, but also for more than three
thread-crossings.
The thread-crossing plates for shaded patterns according to the Specification of
Letters Patent No. 16484 of 1898 may also be produced on a reduced scale and
used in the same manner.
·
2
F. WISE HOWORTH,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C.,
Agent for the Applicants.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with the Production of Weaving
Diagrams.
We, JAN SZCZEPANIK, Engineer, and LUDWIG KLEINBERG, Manufacturer, both
of Ungargasse 12, Vienna III, Austria, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
-
In the production of diagrams by photography according to the Specification
of Letters Patent No. 16484 of 28 July 1898 the following defects have shown
themselves:-
1. There is seen on the screen only one part of the projected diagram with the
representation of its one thread-crossing, but not the entire diagram with the
representations of all the thread-crossings at once.
2. A single photographic exposure will not do, but several successive photo-
graphs must be taken.e., one must take first of all one portion, then the
second portion, then the third portion of the object, and so on, the corresponding
thread-crossing plate being changed each time.
3. The changing of these thread-crossing plates involves very great difficul-
ties; moreover, their manipulation is, owing to their size (usually 110 x 110 cm.)
and weight, very difficult and wastes much time.
Now, the object of this invention is the removal of the disadvantages set forth
above.
According thereto there are first of all obtained a number of translucent
negatives or positives of the object each of which shows only the parts of the
object that are to be represented by the same thread-crossing, so that all the
negatives or positives together make up the picture of the object, whereupon
images of the said negatives or positives, each with a thread-crossing or binding

page_text: plate (hereinafter called a thread-crossing plate) which is placed immediately
in front of or behind the corresponding negative or positive and is of the same
size as the negative or positive and on which the selected thread-crossing is
represented in a known way by means of black dots, are, advantageously by
means of a device such as described in the Specification of an application for
Letters Patent No. 17514 of 29 August 1899 for the projection of several images
with a single objective, projected through a hole-plate in such a manner that
the separately projected images unite to form a complete image of the object.
Apparatus for carrying out this method is represented diagrammatically in
Fig. 1 of the drawings filed with our Provisional Specification..
As will be seen, the objective 6 is placed in the diaphragm opening of the
wall a of the dark chamber and in front of the said objective is arranged the
device for enabling several pictures to be projected by means of one objective (b)
or several projected images to be united into a general or common image.
This device, described in the Specification of the Application No.
17514 of 1899, comprises two or more mirrors c d which are placed at an
angle to one another and to the diaphragm opening and which either divide the
pencil of rays coming through the diaphragm opening into several portions
which are then separately reflected by the mirrors or prisms e and f upon a
common surface, or converge the several pencils of rays upon the objective,
which then projects them.
In front of this device
placed a frame g, in which are inserted either the
sensitive plates for the production of the requisite negatives or the translucent
negatives or positives (n) obtained therefrom.
In front of the frame there are arranged a condenser h of known kind and
the source of light. In the dark chamber is placed a stand which carries the
frame for receiving the hole-plate i and the sensitive paper j or the glass plate k
for supporting the sensitive paper j.
With the device described, it is possible to project several images of an
object side by side upon a surface. If, for example, an object is to appear with
three thread-crossings, then, by means of the device, three pictures are taken side
by side on a single surface. After completion that is to say, after developing
and fixing these pictures-only those portions of each individual image are left
that are to appear with the same thread-crossing, whilst all the other portions
are removed by retouching. In this way there are obtained for the three thread-
crossings three different negatives, which together make up the complete image
of the object.
If, for example, the flower 1 of the object shown in Fig. 2 is to be done in satin,
the leaves 2 in taffeta, and the stems three in twill, then on one picture or nega-
tive (Fig. 3) everything with the exception of the flowers is removed by retouch-
ing, on the second negative (Fig. 4) everything except the leaves, and on the
third picture (Fig. 5) everything except the stems. If now all these part-images
(Figs. 3, 4, and 5) are, by means of the apparatus, projected upon one surface,
there is obtained a complete image (Fig. 2). This image is projected upon the
hole-plate (Fig. 1), behind which is the sensitive paper on the glass plate k.
If a diaphragm having a square opening is used for each portion of the diaphragm
of the objective, the entire picture shown in Fig. appears on the paper
enlarged and in squares, as described in the Specification of Letters Patent
No. 16484 of 1898.
In the methods usually employed up to now for the production of diagrams,
the proper holes in the said hole-plate have, in order to produce indications of
thread-crossings, been covered with the so-called thread-crossing plates. As is
cbvious, the thread-crossing plates must in this case be nearly as large as the
diagram. In lieu of employing plates of this size for covering the holes in the
hole-plate one may directly cover the corresponding parts of the negatives or
positives (») with similar plates having only the size of the trans-
lucent negatives or positives and also having black dots. If the

page_text: '
possess
positives or negatives n together with these plates which
black spots indicating the thread-crossings, be enlarged and projected
directly upon
the hole-plate, certain openings of the hole-plate will
not be illuminated. This non-illumination of openings in the hole-plate corre-
sponds to the covering of the holes in the method described in the Specification
of Letters Patent No. 16484 of 1899. If there is now placed in front of the
positive or negative exhibiting the flowers (Fig. 3), a plate the dots of which
correspond to satin, and then before the second picture with leaves (Fig. 4) a
plate for taffeta thread-crossing, and before the third picture with stems (Fig. 5)
a plate for twill thread-crossing, all the three portions of the picture with indica-
tions of these three thread-crossings appear on the screen behind the hole-plate
and therefore the complete image of the object with indications of all the desired
thread-crossings at once. All these small thread-crossing plates (Fig. 1)
must, of course, be very accurately adjusted. However, since all the thread-
crossing indications can be seen simultaneously on the screen, the defects
arising from the bad fastening of these plates can always be corrected. Since
these thread-crossing plates take up the right position on the hole-plate only in
the case of a particular enlargement, this enlargement must always be retained,
and at the same time it is necessary to keep constant the distance of the hole-
plate from the objective, the distance of the screen or the paper from the hole-
plate, and the distance of the optical apparatus from the frame g, in which are
placed the negatives or positives (n) that serve for making the diagram.
The avoidance of the adjustment requisite up to now enables the apparatus to
be greatly simplified. Since, however, objects that serve as models are of
different sizes, the translucent positives or negatives produced for making
diagrams therefrom must be made of the proper size for use in the apparatus
with its several constitutents at their constant distances apart. Such accurate
photographs can be produced to-day with great ease by means of known photo-
graphic apparatus.
It is evident that with suitably-arranged projection apparatus diagrams may
be produced not only for three thread-crossings, but also for more than three
thread-crossings.
The thread-crossing plates for shaded patterns according to the Specification of
Letters Patent No. 16484 of 1898 may also be produced on a reduced scale and
used in the same manner.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that
what we claim is:-
1. A process for the production of weaving diagrams wherein there are first
made a number of translucent negatives or positives of an object, each of which
contains only the portions of the object that are to be represented by the same
thread-crossing, so that the said negatives or positives complement one another to
produce a representation of the entire object, and then images of the said nega-
tives or positives, each with a thread-crossing plate which is placed immediately
in front of or behind, and of the same size as, the corresponding negative or
positive and on which the selected kind of thread-crossing is indicated in a
known way by black dots, are projected through a hole-plate (preferably by
means of the device described in the Specification No. 17514 of 1899 for pro-
jecting several images simultaneously with one objective) in such a manner
that the several projected images unite to form a complete image of the object,
in which the portions corresponding to the several negatives have their thread-
crossings indicated in accordance with the respective thread-crossing plates.
2. An arrangement for carrying out the process mentioned in the precedin
claim, comprising a frame g, which is arranged outside the dark chamber and
in front of the apparatus for uniting the several partial projected images into a
complete image of the object, and which serves for holding both the several

page_text: translucent negatives or positives and also the thread-crossing plates of the
size of the said negatives or positives, whilst inside the dark-chamber there are
only the hole-plate and means for supporting the sensitive paper.
3. Apparatus for use in the production of weaving diagrams, constructed and
arranged substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to and shown
in Fig. 1 of the drawings filed with our Provisional Specification.
Dotad this 24th day of May 1900
F. WISE HOWORTH,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C.,
Agent for the Applicants.