IMPROVED WEARING STUDS FOR THE SOLES AND HEELS OF BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Henry Ellis, of Cromwell Lodge, Stevenage, in
the County of Hertford, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVED WEARING
STUDS FOR THE SOLES AND HEELS OF BOOTS AND SHOES."
Sealed the 9th September 1879, and dated the 9th April 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Henry Ellis at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th April 1879.
GEORGE HENRY ELLIS, of Cromwell Lodge, Stevenage, in the County of Hort-
ford, Engineer. "IMPROVED WEARING STUDS FOR THE SOLES AND HEELS OF BOOTS
AND SHOES."
The object of my Invention is to provide portable and self-fixing wearing surfaces
or studs to attach to boot soles and heels that may be fixed by the wearer without
any tool or appliance other than his thumb and finger.
In carrying out my Invention I employ round or other shaped open or box studs
made of metal or other suitable material, having the edges or rims "milled" and the
bottoms recessed or made concave. A short deep-cut tapered screw with sharp point
is fitted to the centre, and a series of teeth in a reverse direction to the screws are
formed round the edge of each stud bottom in such manner that when the screw is
tightened down to its place upon a boot sole the teeth will lock the stud, and pre-
vent it reversing or becoming loose in wearing. I fit into the open or box parts of
the studs, discs or pieces of leather, gutta-percha, felt, wood, lead, or any suitable
natural or manufactured wearing material or composition, the surfaces being either
plain or having grooves or indents thereon. For some purposes I dispense with the
open or box part of the stud, and make it instead a solid body of soft metal, wood,
vulcanite, or other suitable material, but having the self-fixing and locking arrange-
ment, as previously described. The studs are secured by screwing them into
various parts of the soles and heels of boots and shoes, and may be renewed by
removing the old stumps and fitting fresh studs in their places.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said George Henry Ellis in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 29th Sep-
tember 1879.
GEORGE HENRY ELLIS, of Cromwell Lodge, Stevenage, in the County of Hert-
ford, Engineer. "IMPROVED WEARING STUDS FOR THE SOLES AND HEELS OF BOOTS
AND SHOES."
The object of my Invention is to provide portable and self fixing wearing surfaces
or studs to attach to boot soles and heels that may be fixed by the wearer without
any tool or appliance other than his thumb and finger.
In carrying out my Invention I employ round or other shaped open or box studs
made of metal or other suitable material, having the edges or rims "milled" and the
bottoms recessed or made concave. A short deep-cut tapered screw with sharp point
is fitted to the centre, and a series of teeth in the reverse direction to the screw are
formed round the edge of each stud bottom in such manner that when the screw is
tightened down to its place upon a boot sole the teeth will lock the stud, and pre-
vent it reversing or becoming loose in wearing..
I fit into the open or box part of the studs, discs or pieces of leather, gutta
percha, felt, wood, lead, or any suitable natural or manufactured wearing
material or composition, the surfaces being either plain or having grooves or
indents thereon.
For some purposes I dispenso with the open or box part of the stud, and make it
instead a solid body of soft metal, wood, vulcanite, or other suitable material, but
having the self fixing and locking arrangement, as previously described. The studs
are secured by screwing them into various parts of the soles and heels of boots and
shoes, and may be renewed by removing the old stumps and fitting fresh studs in
their place.
But to make my Invention better understood I will proceed to describe the same
by reference to the accompanying Drawing, in which Figure 1 is a plan, Figure 2
a side view, and Figure 3 a section of my improved portable and self fixing wearing
stud; Figure 4, a plan of the underside of the same; Figure 5 is a plan of the sole
of a boot or shoe provided with my improved studs. Similar letters in all the
Figures represent similar parts.
a is the round or other shaped open or box stud made of metal or other suitable
material, having the edge or rim b "milled" and the bottom c recessed or made
concave, as shewn; d is the short deep-cut tapered screw with sharp point fitted to
the centre of the stud or box a, and prevented from turning therein by means of
two turned up parts or projections g formed in the centre of the box, which take
into recesses formed in the head h of the screw, a series of teeth or projections e in a
reverse direction to the screw being formed round the bottom and near the outer
edge of each stud..
•
It will be understood that the body of the stud thus described may be formed by
stamping out of sheet metal blanks, the dies being so formed as to allow of the pro-
jections or teeth e being formed in the stamping operation.
f are the discs or pieces of leather, gutta percha, felt, wood, lead, or any suitable
natural or manufactured wearing material or composition fitted into the open or box
part of the stud, the surfaces of these discs or pieces being either plain or having
grooves or indents thereon.
By this construction of stud it will be understood that a number of these studs
may be easily screwed by the thumb and finger into the sole and heel of a boot or
shoe, as shown in Figure 5, and when tightened down to the surface of the sole or
heel the ratchet shaped projections or teeth e will lock the studs, and prevent them
moving in the reverse direction or becoming loose in wearing, in consequence of the
said projections or teeth e being in a reversed direction to that of the thread of the
screw d, as hereinbefore described. The recess c in the centre of the stud serves to

page_text: receive the cuttings or shavings of the leather thrown up by the screw d, otherwise
such cuttings would perhaps prevent the stud being screwed close down.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the best means
with which I am acquainted for carrying the same into effect, I wish it to be under-
stood that I do not confine myself to the precise details herein laid down and shewn
in the Drawing, as the same may be varied without departing from the peculiar
character of my Invention, but what I do claim is,―—
Firstly. The construction and employment of portable self fixing wearing studs to
be applied to the soles and heels of boots and shoes, as herein before described.
Secondly. I claim a stud having a sharp pointed, deep-cut, tapered screw in the
centre in combination with a series of projections or teeth in a reverse direction
to the screw on the bottom or underside of the stud, as and for the purposes
described.
Thirdly. The combination with the stud when formed hollow of a disc of leather,
gutta percha, felt, wood, lead, or any other suitable material, either with or without
grooves or indents thereon, as hereinbefore described.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Henry Ellis, have hereto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty sixth day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy nine.
GEORGE H. ELLIS. (1.8.)