NEW OR IMPROVED VANES OR SAILS FOR WINDMILLS
Year: 1802

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS'
CHARLES BAKER, of Poplar, in the Parish of Saint Dunstan, Stepney, in the
County of Middlesex, Millwright, do send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third, by
His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Twenty-
eighth day of January, in the forty-second year of His reign, did give and
grant unto me, the said Thomas Charles Baker, my executors, admini-
strators, and assigns, His special licence that I, the said Thomas Charles
Baker, my executors, administrators, and assigns, during the term of
years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, excrcise, and
vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my
Invention of "NEW OR IMPROVED VANES OR SAILS FOR WINDMILLS;" in which
Letters Patent there is contained a proviso obliging me, the said Thomas
Charles Baker, under my hand and seal, to cause a particular description
of the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within
one calendar month next and immediately after the date of the said recited
Letters Patent, as in and by the same, relation being thereunto had, may
more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Thomas Charles Baker, do hereby describe the nature of my said Invention
of making vanes or sails to windmills (by which means great power and
steady motion is obtained, require much less wind to give them motion, and
in strong winds their motion is more steady, and they drive with much less

page_text: velocity than the vanes or sails in present use,) in manner following, that is
to say:-
Fig. 1 is a front view of my improved vanes or sails with their apparatus
when fixed to the axis or shaft, armis, brace-pole, and ropes of a windmill.
a is the axis or shaft; b, b, b, b, the arms, passing through or fixed to the axis
or shaft; c, the brace-pole, as now commonly used. The remainder of
Figure 1 is a front view of my improved vanes or sails with their apparatus
when fixed to the axis or shaft, arms, brace-pole, and ropes of a windmill as
are now commonly used.
Fig. 2 is a side view of my improved vanes or sails with their apparatus
when fixed to the axis or shaft, arnis, brace-pole, and ropes of a windmill.
a, the axis or shaft; b, b, the arms, passing through or fixed to the axis or
shaft; c, c, c, the brace-pole and ropes that are now commonly used. The
remainder of Figure 2 is a side view of my improved vanes or sails, with their
apparatus, when fixed to the axis or shaft, arms, brace-pole, and ropes of a
windmill that are now commonly used.
Figure 3 is the section of my new invented vanes or sails in the two fore-.
going Figures (viz.), A, the whip or additional arm, made of wood, iron, or
other materials, and may be made to any size or shape; B, B, and C, C, two
cross bars or arms fixed on at the whip or additional arm, made of wood, iron,
or other materials, of any number of pieces, and of any length, size, or shapo;
B, B, and C, C, the two cross bars or arms, shewing the ends of rolls D, D,
with ratchet wheels and catches reversed; the rolls are fixed to turn in wears
in the cross barrs or arms B, B, and C, C. These rolls may be made to any
length, size, or shape, and may be made of wood, iron, or other materials, or
a rope, or chain, or other material may be used instead of rolls. E, E, the
vanes, sails, or cloths, made of hemp, flax, or other materials, may be made
to any length, width, or shape, and any number of vanes, sails, or cloths, with
their apparatus, may be used as judged most proper. The leading edge of
the vanes, sails, or cloths marked F is nailed or inade fast, to the rolls D, D.
To the corner of the vanes, sails, or cloths marked G, a rope is fixed, and
passing through or over the pulleys 1 in the cross bar or arm C, C, and then
brought to the catch or catches N, and is there made fast. Also to the
corner of the vanes, sails, or cloths marked I, a rope is fixed, and passing
through or over the two pullies marked 3, 3, in the cross bar or arm C, C,
and then brought to the catch or catches N, is there made fast, or at any
other part thought more convenient. To the corner of the vanes, sails, on
cloths H a rope is made fast, and passing through or over pulley 2, and from
thence through a shieve in the double block P, and from thence passing to the

page_text: catch or catches O, is there made fast. Also to the corner of the vanes, sails,
or cloths K a rope is made fast, then passing through or over the two pullies
4, 4, in the cross bar or arm B, B, is from thence conveyed through or over
a shieve in the double block P, and so passing on to the catch or catches O,
is there made fast, or to any other place thought more convenient. Note.-
The double block above mentioned is connected to the relieving ropes and
their apparatus in Fig. 2, which I now proceed to explain, viz, R, R, R, R,
in Fig. 2, are the relieving ropes (but a chain or other materials may bo
used), they are made fast to the double shieve block P, as noted above, and
from thence pass through or over the single pulley Q on the whip or additional
arm A, and from thence through the blocks S, S, at the end of the brace-pole,
and continued to the end of the axis or shaft, where it is connected to the
T-headed rod, made of iron or other materials, marked T, T. This rod moves
in a hole in the centre of the axis or shaft down to the ratchet wheel in the
shaft W. To this wheel the rod T, T, is connected at U by a rope, chain, or
other material round the wheel W, to which also the pall or catch X is
connected. By means of these relieving ropes and their apparatus being
connected from the ratchet wheel W to the double shieve block P, and from
thence to the external points of the vanes, sails, or cloths H, K, and then by
means of a piece of wood, iron, or other material fixed under the axis or shaft,
so as to be made to act at pleasure upon the tail of the pall or catch, by which
means the ratchet wheel with the T-headed rod, and the relieving ropes, &c.,
connected to the external points of all the vanes, sails, or cloths H, K, they
are all liberated, and fall back from the wind, so that the power of the wind
on the vanes, sails, or cloth becomes immediately reduced, so as to render the
windmill completely governable in very sudden and violent winds. Note.―
In the section, Fig. 3, the winch handles Y, Y, at the ends of the rolls D, D,
are to turn the rolls D, D, on which the vanes, sails, or cloths are to be rolled
at pleasure to reduce the width of the vanes, sails, or cloths suitable to the
power of the wind. The ratchet, pall, or catch at the end of the rolls D, D,
are to stay the vancs, sails, or cloths to any width required. The wears or
bearings Z, Z, Z, Z, in the cross bars or arms B, B, and C, C, are for the neck
of the rolls D, D, to turn in. Note.-The neck of the said rolls is marked
Y, Y, Y, Y. Note.-The above Drawing is a quarter of an inch to a foot.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Charles Baker, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of February, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and two.
THOMAS CHARLES BAKER. (L.S.)

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the same Twenty-sixth day of
February, in the year above mentioned, the aforesaid Thomas Charles Baker
came before our Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the
Specification aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to
the tenor of the Statute in that case made and provided.
Inrolled the same Twenty-sixth day of February, in the year above
written.