IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATORS
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Hill and John Edwards Hey, both of
Halifax, in the County of York, Ventilating Engineers, for the
T
Scaled the 27th July 1875, and dated the 30th January 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Hill and John
Edwards Hey at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 30th January. 1875.
f
WC, JOHN HILL and JOHN EDWARDS HEY, both of Halifax, in the
County of York, Ventilating Engineers, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATORS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates more particularly to that class of ventilator
known as Watson's syphon ventilator, in which a diaphram or diaphrams
are employed for separating the "shaft" and conical or other top part
or hood into two parts, one for the egress of foul air and the other for
admitting a supply of fresh pure air; but it is also applicable to "single
tube" ventilators.

page_text: The object of our improvements is to so construct the "cowl" or
head of the ventilator that down draft resulting from the force of wind
acting on the ventilator may be avoided or reduced to a minimum;
and fresh air regularly introduced without reducing the ventilating
capacity of the shaft of the ventilator, and dispensing with the use of ä
shield or deflecting plate suspended under the mouth of the ventilator
below the ceiling, which besides interfering with the efficacy of the
ventilator is unsightly in appearance.
Our improvements are,-
Firstly. In ventilators which consist of a shaft with conical or other
hood and rim (divided as above stated by a diaphram), which hood and
rim are attached to the shaft by a series of stays, brackets, or midfeathers;
we effect our object by placing inside the said cone or hood another
conc divided internally by the diaphram of the hood and shaft.. This
internal cone is placed sufficiently above the top of the shaft to allow
of a free passage of air in and out of the ventilator, and is supported by
the same stays, brackets, or midfeathers which support and fix the onter
conc to the shaft, and in order that the wind may strike upwards only
on a limited surface of the ventilator shaft at one time, we use a series
of stays, brackets, or midfeathers, which fasten the "cowl" or hood to
the shaft, and carry the same up to the under edge of the inner cone so
as to carry the force of the current of air sent up between these brackets
or midfeathers on and over the inner cone. A current of air striking
against the shaft of ventilator and upwards into the interior of the outer
conc instead of being transmitted or reflected therefrom to the interior
of the shaft, and so into the room or building, is thrown upon the outer
surface of the inner cone, which may be made to any desired angle, and
thence in a direction which is opposed to the first motion of the current,
passing outwards again by the inner surface of the rim of the outer cone
or hood, thus the force of the current is destroyed and the air enters the
shaft of ventilator horizontally without force however strong the wind
may be. Greater security against the admission of wet, snow, or dust is
also obtained.
Secondly. We accomplish our object by dispensing with the usual
conical or other shaped hood of the "Watson syphon ventilator," and
place round the top part of the divided shaft (one half of which is
formed higher than the other, as much as may be desired to form a
syphen) a series of semicircular fluted or curved plates overlapping one

page_text: another, and arranged so as to present alternately a convex and concave
side to the current of air. Such portions of air as strike the concave
plates are reflected to the inner surfaces of the plates overlapping them,
and by thus reflecting the current from one plate to another its force is
destroyed, midfeathers also being placed at intervals to intercept the
progress of the current between the plates before passing down the shaft.
The curved plates are arranged in two tiers, one above, the other, but
separated, the top series of plates being for the outlet or highest part of
the shaft and the lowest series for the low or inlet side of the shaft. Tho
plates may be arranged either vertically, diagonally, horizontally, or
otherwise; also they may be angular instead of being curved. In this
kind of ventilator the chambers formed by the upper and lower series of
curved plates are not divided by a diaphram except so far as the passage
of the high side of the shaft through the lower chamber forms one, so
that the foul air may rise to the top chamber or series of plates and
escape from all sides thereof, fresh air being admitted by the lower series
of plates.
Thirdly. We construct a syphon ventilator shaft with the outlet part a
considerable distance above the inlet as in the last mentioned, and the
entire shaft then surrounded by two perpendicular rims or plates at
about equal distances apart. The outlet and inlet parts of the shaft are
completely separated by a horizontal diaphram or plate, and the opening
of the outlet part is protected by the outer rim or plate aforesaid, and the
opening to the inlet part is protected by the inner plate or rim, the
passage of air in both cases being alternately vertical and horizontal.
Both openings are thus protected from the direct action of strong
currents of air.
Fourthly. Our Invention relates to ventilators applied to the inclined
roof of a building in such manner as to have the outward appearance of
a dormer light, and our improvements consist in constructing such
ventilators with an inner and an outer casing, the diaphram being placed
horizontally so as to divide the dormer into two parts, the lower part
admitting fresh air at the face thereof, the foul air passing out through
the upper part at the sides and top. The deflecting plates within tho
dormer are so hinged that they can be closed by pulling a cord at
pleasure.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent;
filed by the said John Hill and John Edwards Hey in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 30th July 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
HILL and JOHN EDWARDS HEY, both of Halifax, in the County of
York; Ventilating Engineers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirtieth day of January, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the thirty-
eighth year of Her reign, did for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said John Hill and John Edwards Hey,
Her special licence that we, the said John Hill and John Edwards
Hey, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, tho
said John Hill and John Edwards Hey, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATORS," upon
the condition (amongst others) that we, the said. John Hill and John
Edwards Hey, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under our, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said John Hill and John Edwards.
Hey, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement and accompanying
Sheet of Drawings (that is to say) :—¨·
This Invention relates more particularly to that class of ventilators:
known as Watson's syphon ventilator, in which a diaphram or diaphrams
are employed for separating the "shaft" and conical or other top parts
or hood into two parts, one for the egress of foul air and the other for

page_text: Firstly. In ventilators which consists of a shaft with conical or other
hood and rim (divided as above stated by a diaphram), which hood and
rim are attached to the shaft by a series of stays, brackets, or mid-
feathers, we effect our object by placing inside the said cone or hood
another conc divided internally by the diaphram of the hood and shaft.
This internal cone is placed sufficiently above the top of the shaft to
allow of a free passage of air in and out of the ventilator, and is supported.
by the same stays, brackets, or midfeathers which support and fix the
outer cone to the shaft, and in order that the wind may strike upwards
only on a limited surface of the ventilator shaft at one time, we use a
series of stays or brackets or midfeathers which fasten the cowl or hood
to the shaft, and carry the same up to the under edge of the inner cone
so as to carry the force of the current of air sent up between these
brackets or midfeathers on and over the inner cone. A current of air
striking against the shaft of ventilator and upwards into the interior of
the outer conc instead of being transmitted or reflected therefrom to the
interior of the shaft, and so unto the room or building, is thrown upon the
outer surface of the inner cone, which may be made to any desired angle,
and thence in a direction which is opposed to the first motion of the
current, passing outwards again by the inner surface of the rim of the
outer cone, and betwixt the brackets or midfeathers on the sides opposite
to that against which the force of the wind is directed, thus the force of
the current is greatly reduced, and the air enters the shaft of ventilator
horizontally with little force however strong the wind may be. Greater
security against the admission of wet, snow, or dust is also obtained..
Figs. 1 & 2 of the accompanying Drawings represents this part of
our Invention. A. is the shaft, over which is the ordinary conical hood

page_text: B; and C is our additional cone; D is the diaphram dividing the shaft
and cones internally. a are the ribs or midfeathers for supporting the
cones or the shafts; and these stays or midfcathers are carried up to the
under edge of the inner conc so as to regulate the current of air as
aforesaid.
Secondly. We accomplish our object by dispensing with the usual
conical or other shaped hood of the "Watson syphon ventilators," and
place round the top part of the divided shaft (one half of which is
formed higher than the other, as may be desired to form a syphon) a
series of semicircular fluted or curved plates overlapping one another,
and arranged so as to present alternately a convex and concave side to
the current of air. Such portions of air as strike the concave plates are
reflected to the inner surfaces of the plates overlapping them, and by
thus reflecting the current from one plate to another its force is much
reduced or destroyed, midfeathers also being placed at intervals to
intercept the progress of the current between the plates. The curved
plates are arranged in two tiers, one above the other, but separated, the
top series of plates being for the outlet or highest part of the shaft and
the lowest series for the low or inlet side of the shaft. The plates may
be arranged either vertically, diagonally, horizontally, or otherwise; also
they may be angular instead of being curved. In this kind of ventilator
the chambers formed by the upper and lower series of curved plates are
not divided by a vertical diaphram, except so far as the passage of the
high side of the shaft through the lower chamber forms one, so that the
foul air may rise to the top chamber or series of plates and escape from
all sides thereof, fresh air being admitted by the lower series of plates.
Figs. 3 & 4 represents this part of our Invention. A is the shaft
divided internally by a diaphram a, the inlet part being lower than the
outlet, and around this shaft we place the semicircular or fluted plates B.
The plates are separated by the diaphram C, the upper series being for
the outlet part and the lower for the inlet part of the shaft. The plates
B may be arranged either vertically, horizontally, or obliquely with
equal benefit. In the accompanying Drawing they are shewn in the
horizontal position.
•
Thirdly. We construct a syphon ventilator shaft with the outlet part
a considerable distance above the inlet, as in the last mentioned, and the
shaft is then surrounded by two perpendicular rims or plates. The
outlet and inlet parts of the shaft are completely separated by a hori-

page_text: zontal diaphram or plate, and the opening of the outlet part is protected
by the outer rim or plate aforesaid, and the opening to the inlet part is
protected by the inner plate or rim, the passage of air in both cases being
alternately vertical and horizontal. Both openings are thus protected
from the direct action of strong currents of air.
Figs. 5, 6, & 7 illustrate this part of our Invention. A is the shaft,
the inlet part being lower than the outlet as in the other instances. The
shaft is surrounded by two rims B, C. The outlet and inlet parts are
separated by a horizontal diaphram D. bare brackets and midfeathers
for securing the outer rim to the inner one, and to the shaft as well as
for breaking up the strong currents of air which can pass into and out
of both upper and lower chambers on all sides thereof. The force of the
wind, besides being broken up by the midfeathers, is allowed to pass out
and is not forced down the shafts of the ventilator.
Fourthly. Our Invention relates to ventilators applied to the inclined
roof of a building in such manner as to have the outward appearance of
a dormer light, and our improvements consist in constructing such
ventilators with an outer and inner casing, the diaphram being placed
horizontally so as to divide the dormer into two parts, the lower part
admitting fresh air at the face thereof, the foul air passing out through
the roof or outer casing at the sides and top. The deflecting plates and
valves within the dormer are so hinged that they can be closed by
pulling a cord at pleasure. See Figs. 8, 9, and 10 for this part of our
Invention.
a is the outer casing, and 6 the inner one; c is the horizontal diaphram
which divides the dormer into two parts. Fresh air is admitted to the
lower part at the face e, and the foul air passes out through the top and
sides f; g, are deflecting plates and valves which can be opened and shut
by means of the cord h.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Hill, for and on behalf of
myself and the said John Edwards Hey, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of July, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five.