Improvements in and connected with Apparatus for Cutting Epicycloidal Curves, Eccentric Circles, for Drilling, Surfacing, and like Purposes.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 9th Dec., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 6th Sept., 1894-Accented, 8th Dec., 1994
TROY DIONAD SE
LIVALIN,
Improvements in and connected with Apparatus for
Cutting
Epicycloidal Curves, Eccentric Circles, for Drilling, Surfacing,
and like Purposes.
I, ALFRED EDWARD BEDDOW, of Westwood, Bromley Park, in the County of
Kent, Manufacturer, do, hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
•
My invention relates to improvements in and connected with apparatus for
cutting epicycloidal curves, eccentric circles and various compound geometric
designs the apparatus being adapted also for drilling, surfacing, slotting, and a
variety of other uses.
In carrying out my invention I hold the article to be operated on in a chuck of
a suitable lathe and cause it to be rotated, and I also rotate the cutter the
respective speeds of rotation of these being arranged by gears which govern the
resulting design produced. A further variation is introduced by using inter-
changeable pattern discs of various shapes which impart to the cutter in addition
to its rotary motion a reciprocating motion in relation to the centre of the work.
In connection with the above I also provide means for adjusting the gears as
will be hereafter described.
In one form of apparatus constructed according to my invention I employ a
frame which is held in a slide rest and provided if desired with means for
centreing same said frame carrying a spindle on which interchangeable toothed
wheels may be secured said spindle operating a slide in which is held the
cutting tool said tool being preferably carried by a bar capable of being fixed at any
point in the slide and also capable of reciprocating thereon when a pattern disc
is employed as will be hereafter described.
The toothed wheel in the cutting frame is driven by a toothed wheel carried
on a spindle suitably supported at the back of the lathe and driven from a
third toothed wheel operated in turn by a toothed wheel which is fixed upon
the chuck or work holder. The changing of these wheels will necessarily vary
the speed of rotation of the tool in relation to that of the work.
To enable wheels of various sizes to be carried by the back spindle above
referred to may mount same on brackets capable of movement to and fro
while to enable the wheel carried by said spindle to operate the wheel of the
cutting frame when the latter is moved in the slide rest to suit the requirements of
the work, I provide a small carrier in which are held one or more toothed wheels
the carrier being adjustably supported by an arm mounted on the cutting frame
and adapted to be set in any required position so as to bring the intermediate
wheel or wheels it carries into gear with the wheel on the back spindle while to
enable the teeth of the latter wheel and of the wheel or wheels of the adjustable
carrier to engage with each other correctly and without jamming or being too
loose I preserve the relative distances between them by means of an adjustable arm
carried by the back spindle and engaging with the adjustable carrier.
To provide for the reciprocating action of the tool as before mentioned I employ
on the cutting frame interchangeable pattern discs and secure a roller on the rod
of the cutting tool such roller travelling on the edge of the pattern disc the shape
of which imparts a reciprocating motion to the roller and to the tool the former
being kept up to the edge of the pattern disc by a suitable spring or in other ways.
In this manner I can produce compound geometric figures on the work or by

page_text: can cause the
stopping the work and simply using the cutter and disc I
configuration of the latter to be reproduced on the work in any desired scale.
I also provide the tool or the rod carrying same with a pointer or finger and
mark on the slide suitable divisions so that by noting the position of the finger
with regard to the divisions and also the position of the slide rest I am able to
reproduce any desired design.
The construction above described provides automatically a compensation for
obliquity for certain patterns which in the instruments at present employed
has hitherto had to be obtained by a troublesome calculated adjustment for
every cut.
The cutting frame is readily converted into an efficient tool holder by fixing in
the central hole or recess of the spindle a suitable cutter, the spindle being locked
to prevent rotation, by which means the work to be operated upon is faced up or
otherwise turned without removing the frame from the lathe.
The frame is converted into an efficient eccentric cutter and also drilling
instrument for ordinary or ornamental drilling, slotting, etc., by using cutters or
drills in the manner mentioned the spindle being in this case rotated by overhead
motion or other convenient method and the work being at rest.
Dated the 9th day of December 1893.
PHILIP M. JUSTICE,
55 & 56, Chancery Lane, London, Chartered Patent Agent,
For the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with Apparatus for Cutting
Epicycloidal Curves, Eccentric Circles, for Drilling, Surfacing,
and like Purposes.
I, ALFRED EDWARD BEDDOW, of Westwood, Bromley Park, in the County of
Kent, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :
My invention relates to improvements in and connected with apparatus for
cutting epicycloidal curves, eccentric circles and various compound geometric
designs, the apparatus being adapted also for drilling, surfacing, spiral cutting and
a variety of other uses.
In carrying out my invention I hold the article to be operated on in a chuck of
a suitable lathe and cause it to be rotated, and I also rotate the cutter the
respective speeds of rotation of these being arranged by gears which govern the
resulting design produced. A further variation is introduced by using inter-
changeable pattern discs of various shapes which impart to the cutter in addition
to its rotary motion a reciprocating motion in relation to the centre of the work.
In connection with the above I also provide means for adjusting the gears as
will be hereafter described.
To clearly explain the nature of my invention I will describe it in connection
with the accompanying drawings in which
Fig. 1 is an elevation partly in section shewing my improved apparatus applied
to a lathe.
Fig. 2 is a plan of Fig. 1 but shewing in addition the lathe slide rest.
Fig. 3 is an end elevation on the line y y Fig. 2 and
Fig. 4 is an elevation on the line
the arrow.
Fig. 2 looking in the direction of
In the form of apparatus illustrated I employ a frame 1 which is held in the
ordinary slide rest 2 the forked ends 3 of said frame carrying a spindle 4 which we

page_text: may call the tool spindle on which is fixed by set screw 5 an interchangeable
toothed wheel 6.
The spindle 4 is connected to or forms part of a slide or holder 7 in which is held
the cutting tool 8 said tool being preferably jammed or secured in a hole formed
in a bar 9 capable of being fixed at any point in the slide by a set screw 10. By
this means eccentricity may be given to the cutting tool. The tool is also capable
of reciprocating in the slide or holder when a pattern disc is employed as will be
hereinafter described.
The wheel 6 is driven by a toothed wheel 11 on the back shaft 12 by means of
the intermediate carrier wheels 13, 13" which are supported in the frame 14. One
of these carrier wheels only may be employed when the loops turn inwards instead
of outwards as the motion of the cutter is then reversed. The frame is provided
with a stud 15 which is screwed at one end and passes through a slot in an arm 16
and is fixed in any desired position therein by means of the nuts 17, 17 the arm 16
being provided with an eye and a set screw 18 by which it is fixed on a bushing 19
of the spindle 4 which projects from the frame 3.
In this way the arm 16 is centred so that in whatever position it is fixed the
carrier wheels 13, 13" always remain in gear with wheel 6.
Attached to the shaft 12 by an eye through which the shaft loosely passes is an
arm 20 which is jointed to an arm 21 hung in turn on the end of the stud 15 so
that the carrier wheels 13, 13 may be kept in gear with the wheel 11 when one of
a different size is substituted or when the slide rest is advanced or withdrawn to
and from the centre of the work W to be ornamented (for which purpose the
set screw 18 must be loosened) all the wheels remaining in gear and preserving the
same amount of play between the teeth.
The shaft 12 is supported at one end by a pillar 22 which is adjustably held in
the socket of the hand rest or is otherwise capable of being set for gears of
different sizes and at the other end by a bracket 23 attached to the mandrel head 25
by a set screw and so fixed in any position according to the size of the toothed
wheel 24 that the latter may be properly geared with the toothed wheel 25* which
is carried by the ordinary jaw chuck 26. Said wheel is fixed at the back of the
chuck in any convenient manner as it is not required to be removed or it may be
fixed to the mandrel pulley in which case the shaft 12 must be longer and the
bracket 23 be bolted further back accordingly.
The shaft 12 is readily fixed in a horizontal position and also parallel with the
lathe bed and its position is not afterwards altered except wheel 24 is changed.
The wheels all being in gear it will now be seen that if the mandrel is slowly
revolved the tool spindle 4 will also be revolved at any desired ratio of speed with
the mandrel according to the various change wheels employed and the cutter 8
being advanced by the slide rest to meet the revolving work, patterns of varying
numbers of loops cusps straight sides &c. including all manner of epicycloidal work
will be the result.
The slide or holder 7 carrying the bar 9 and tool 8 is graduated as shewn in
Fig. 2 and the bar 9 carries a small curved index finger 28.
By removing the bar 9 and tool 8 a drill may be inserted in a central hole in the
tool spindle 4 and fixed by the set screw 10 to serve for ornamental or other
drilling or a small cutter may be inserted for facing up the work previous to
ornamentation. Or the ends may be attained by securing bar 9 by the set screw 10
the pointed tool 8 having been exchanged for one suitably shaped. In such cases
the gearing is disconnected by simply moving backward the arm 16 and the
tool spindle prevented from rotating by securing it with a set screw in some part
of the fork 3 when it is obvious that the motions of the slide rest may be thus
used to face up or turn the work in any desired manner without removing the
instrument from the rest.
For eccentric cutting ornamental drilling rose cutting radial fluting &c. it is
necessary that the work should be at rest and the usual division plate and
index is then employed for placing the circles &c. in the desired positions round

page_text: the work. Wheel 24 is therefore slipped out of gear and the shaft 12 is driven
by a band passing from the grooved pulley 27 to the overhead motion.
This answers well for rose cutting the spring 35 attached to frame 1, acting
as a drag on wheel 6 but for other work if desired the pulley 27 may be
substituted for the wheel 6 so that the tool spindle is driven direct from
overhead. A stop of some kind should be used on the slide rest when a series of
cuts are to be made so that each may be of the same depth.
On the left hand side of the fork 3 the collar or bushing in which the
tool spindle works projects a little and on this is centred a rosette or pattern
disc 29 having a concentric slot 30 which enables the rosette to be bolted to
the frame in the desired position.
The bar 9 carries a roller 33 which may be adjusted thereon by a set screw
said bar being graduated to allow of the roller being shifted equal distances
upon it.
A groove in the bar and a pin working in it attached to the roller
support prevent the latter from shifting round or other means may be employed
for this purpose.
The roller is kept in contact with the edge of the disc 29 by
means of the springs 34.
T
As shown in the drawings the rosette is not in use as the roller 33 is kept away
from the edge of the disc by the set screw 10 which has fixed the bar 9 in the
position shown.
If now the apparatus is operated direct with the pulley instead of the wheel 6
with the roller working against the edge of the disc the roller and cutter in their revo-
lution will have a reciprocating motion given to them and the pattern produced (the
cutter being between the roller and centre of rosette) will thus be the shape of the
disc employed and of any desired size and placed in any desired position or positions
on the work. If the cutter is placed outside the centre upon the opposite end from
the roller the direction of the curves will be reversed.
But if instead of working as described the gearing is employed compound
geometric patterns are produced which are the result of three motions viz. : the
revolution of the work and of the revolving cutter and also the reciprocating motion
of the latter governed by the pattern'disc.
Epicyeloidal patterns may be placed equidistant from one another by throwing
the tool spindle out of gear by means of the top traverse of the slide-rest. A few
turns of the handle to the right effects this-and before putting back again
turning the mandrel of the lathe slightly so that one, two or more teeth, as desired,
are omitted or passed over. Omitting one tooth only places them close together,
two teeth, double the distance apart and so ou. The spring 35 attached to the
frame and pressing against wheel 6 prevents the spindle from accidentally moving
while this is being done.
Compensation for obliquity which is sometimes required when cuts are repeated
nearer to or further from the centre may be automatically obtained in the
following manner.
"
The arms 20, 21 (which are not often required except for this purpose) being
connected with the frame 14 it is advisable to prevent accidental movement to lock
the train of wheels by means of the division plate index of the lathe or by any
other convenient method. The tool spindle 4 is now locked by the set screw 37
provided for the purpose in fork 3 the set screws 5 and 18 of wheel 6 and arm 16
are both slackened and the bottom traverse of the slide rest is advanced or drawn
back as desired depending upon the pattern ready for the next cut, which may be
made after again tightening the set screws 5 and 18 to wheel 6 and arm 16, slackening
the set screw 37 and removing the index from the division plate or otherwise
releasing the locking gear. If when moving the rest, wheel 6 moves in the same
direction in which it has been revolving all loss of time is taken up by the spring
or drag 35 on wheel 6 if used but if in the contrary direction the loss of time must
be taken up by hand before fixing the wheel. When one carrier wheel only is
employed, the spring 35 if used placed so as to press on the top of wheel 6.
When the slide rest has no adjustments for levelling and centreing. this is

page_text: effected by means of set screws 36, 36, 36*, with which the frame is provided and
which bear on the slide rest but the latter is made of a size to suit the receptacle
of ornamental rests when required. A little time must be taken to get it dead true
both as to height of centre and parallelism of the revolving cutter with the work.
But once true, block after block, or picce of work after piece, may be faced up
or turned as desired with the same instrument and ornamented.
The following is perhaps the best manner of quickly levelling and centreing.
Adjust the forked frame 1 as near as can be judged by the eye to height of centre
(i.e. the centre of spindle corresponding with centre of lathe) and square with the
block which has been roughly shaped and fixed in the chuck. Secure a round
nosed cutter in the spindle 4 by means of the set screw and lock the spindle.
Now face up the block leaving a tiny portion projecting in the centre. Remove
the cutter, replacing it by the sliding bar 9 containing the pointed cutter, which
should be fixed so that the latter is in the exact centre (readily ascertained by
revolving the spindle by hand when a dot only, not a circle, would be cut by the
point). Now raise or lower the set screw 36 at the end of the frame until the
point of the cutter corresponds with the projecting portion on block.
Give some
eccentricity to both cutter and slide-rest and cut a trial circle (revolving spindle by
hand). If it touches evenly all the way round nothing more is required, but if
not the other set screws 36, 36 (which must of course rest on the table of the
slide rest) must be raised or lowered as required and the forked frame 1 perhaps
shifted as well, the trial cuts showing exactly what is required to be done.
When the circle is cut evenly all the way round the cutter must be again put
at the centre and must correspond with the centre of the work, if not the
set screw 36 must be raised or lowered as before, the clamping screws of the
slide rest being sufficiently slackened to allow of this but not so much that
the frame easily shifts, or the truth may again be interfered with.
By fastening a spring at one end of bar 9 and attaching to it a glass pen, or
a pencil, designs may be traced on paper instead of being cut, with however
some slight and unavoidable loss of accuracy compared with the fixed cutter.
For spiral and twist cutting on a cylinder the cutters are fixed in the spindle
used for vertical-cutting, and revolved in a similar manner, ie. direct by the
overhead motion. The bracket 23 is bolted on the front part of the mandrel head
(or if sufficiently long, and curved, in the same position as described) and the
hand rest containing the pillar 22 is brought forward so that the shaft 12 is in
front of the work to be ornamented instead of behind it as before.
This new position obviates the necessity of using very large wheels, and also
allows of the poppet head being advanced to support the work if desired.
A collar is fastened to the slide rest and centred on the handle and on this collar
the arm 16 works, just as on the projecting collar of the frame, the carrier wheels
being bolted on the right hand side of it instead of on the left. These wheels gear
with a small wheel fixed on the handle of the rest, (the latter traversing the tool
during the cutting of the twist) and with the wheel 11 on shaft 12 as before,
wheel 24 gearing with wheel 25* on this side of it, instead of at the back.
According to the sizes of the wheels employed the spirals or twists will be close
1ogether or far apart as desired.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
1 claim is :-
1. In an apparatus for the purpose described, the employment of a cutting tool,
aslide or holder adapted for holding the tool eccentrically or otherwise and means
.or rotating the slide or holder substantially as described.
2. The combination with the apparatus described in the foregoing claim of a
supplementary shaft carried by the lathe and gearing for operating the cutting tool
actuated from the mandrel substantially as described.
3. The employment with apparatus described in the foregoing claim of the

page_text: frame 14, carrier wheels and arm 16 substantially as and for the purpose
described.
4. The employment with the apparatus described in Claims 2 and 3 of the
jointed arms 20, 21 substantially as and for the purpose described.
5. In an apparatus for the purposes described the employment of means for
revolving the work, means for revolving the cutter tool with or without means
for giving a reciprocating motion to the latter substantially as described.
6. In apparatus for the purposes described the combination of a bar carrying a
cutting tool and also an adjustable roller held by spring action in contact with a
pattern disc and a slide for carrying the bar all arranged and operating
substantially as set forth.
7. The improved construction and arrangement of apparatus for cutting
epicycloidal curves and various compound geometric designs substantially as
described and illustrated in the drawing.
Dated the 6th day of September 1894.
PHILIP.M. JUSTICE,
55 & 56, Chancery Lane, London, Chartered Patent Agent,
For the Applicant.