IMPROVE- MENTS IN LOOMS
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Denton at. the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th.
November 1855.
::
I, JOSEPH DENTON, of Pendleton, near Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LOOMS" to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of a peculiar arrangement of apparatus for working
the shed without the use of the ordinary tappets, and will be easily understood
by reference to the accompanying Drawing, in which a represents a series of
jacks, having the ends 6 inclined either in straight or curved lines, each jack
being connected to each heald separately. The jacks are made to rise and fall
by their ends coming in contact with the pullies or rollers c on the slides d
which pullies are either above or below the inclined ends of the jacks. The
slides move in grids or guides attached to the frame e, which is made to vibrate
by being connected to a stud or crank f, to which motion is given from the
crank shaft of the loom. When the pullies are below the incline of the jacks
they cause the ends with which they are in contact to rise and the healds fall.

page_text: When the pullies are above the incline, the reverse of the operation takes
place. The slides and pullies are raised by the springs g, acted upon by pegs
in the lags or drum, the latter having motion given to them by causing the
catch to act upon a ratchet wheel i, made fast to the shaft upon which the
drum or lags are attached. The jacks are returned to their original position
by means of the lever k pressing on each side of their centres, which lever
has motion given to it by the arm / fixed to one side of the vibrating frame.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Joseph Denton in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
17th May 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
DENTON, of Pendleton, near Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Royal
Letters Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of November, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the nineteenth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Joseph Denton, Her special licence that I, the said Joseph
Denton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Joseph Denton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Joseph Denton, by an
instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Royal Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Denton, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement (that is to say) :-
My Invention consists of a peculiar arrangement of apparatus for working
or making the shed without the use of the ordinary tappets. I employ jacks

page_text: above and below the healds as usual, each jack being connected to each heald
separately, and cause the ends of one of the series of jacks to be inclined
either in straight or curved lines. The jacks are made to rise and fall by their
ends coming in contact with pullies, bowls, or projections on slides or risers
placed in a frame which has a to and fro or vibrating motion, some of the said
bowls or projections being below and some above the ends of the jacks,
according to the pattern of the work. When the risers and frame are vibrating
towards the jacks, if the pullies or projections are below, they cause the ends
with which they are in contact to rise and the healds fall; but when above, the
reverse of the operation takes place. The slides or risers are raised by means
of springs, acted upon by pegs in lags or a drum, which is a great economy
over the tappets, as regards first cost, and also by enabling a fresh pattern to
be arranged without interfering with the working of the loom.
These improvements will be clearly understood by reference to the accom-
panying Sheet of Drawings, with the Figures and letters of reference thereon.
Fig. 1 is a front elevation of part of a loom with my improvements attached;
Fig. 2 is an end elevation of the same, and Fig. 3 a plan of some of the parts;
Fig. 4 is a detached view of the risers and upper jacks, drawn to an enlarged
scale; Figs. 5 and 6 are other modes of connecting the vibrating frame to the
crank stud in the bevil wheel from which it derives its motion; Fig. 7 repre-
sents another form of springs to act upon the risers, and mode of working
them; Fig. 8 is another mode of turning the ratchet wheel and lag drum;
Fig. 9 shews another form of the upper ends of the risers, so that they may be
acted upon by the pegs in the lags without the use of springs.
a represents the frame of the loom; b, the crank shaft; c, the driving
pullies; d, the healds; e, the lower jacks; and f, the upper jacks, having their
ends inclined, as at g. The fulcrum upon which the vibrating frame h moves
to and fro is shewn at i, motion being given to the said frame by means of the
lever k and connecting rod 1, the lever being actuated by the crank pin m in
the bevil wheel n, which is driven by the bevil wheel o on the main crank
shaft b. The pin m is adjusted in a slot, so as to obtain any desired length
of motion or depth of shed; the slides or risers are shewn at p, having a slot at
their upper ends; they are supported by the pin i, and guided below by a grid
or guide q. The projections which are cast on the risers are shewn at r, some
above and some below the inclined ends of the jacks g. The said projections
clear the ends of the jacks when the shed is shut, in order that some risers
may fall and others rise, so as to be ready to act upon the jacks and healds
with which they are connected for fresh up and fresh down motion. It is
evident that as the risers and projections move inwards the jacks are compelled

page_text: to rise up and down according to the positions of the said projections. The
said jacks are governed or returned to their original horizontal positions, so
that they can be acted upon by the risers and projections, by 'means of the
lever 8, furnished with rods or plates t, extending across the series of jacks f
on each side of their centres, which levers has motion given to it by the arm u
fixed to the vibrating frame h and the connecting rod v, which is connected to
the levers and arm u. The rods t are in contact with the jacks f only when
they approach the horizontal position. The risers and projections are raised
according to the desired pattern by the springs w, baving one of their ends
supported by the pin x in the small frame or support y attached to the frame
of the loom, and their other ends passing under projections on the risers; the
springs, risers, and jacks corresponding in number. The springs ware acted
upon by pins in a lag placed upon a drum a', which is made to revolve by!
the ratchet wheel 61, to which motion is given by the ratchet or catch c¹,
attached to the levers; the lags are kept stationary as long as required by
means of a spring d'and. plate e', having as many sides as there are teeth in
the ratchet wheel b', which plate is fixed upon the shaft of the drum a. In
order to give a gradually increasing traverse of the jacks as they recede from
the front, I make the projections larger in the same proportion; as shewn in
the Drawing; or I produce the same effect by making the inclined ends of the
jacks of a different angle. As before stated, on the risers cither projections or
pullies may be employed, or I may reverse the arrangement by placing the
projections or pullies on the jacks, and having the inclines to raise them placed
or cast on the risers, it being understood that there are as many risers with
springs to act on them as there are upper jacks. In Fig. 5 the vibrating
frame h is connected to the bevil'wheel'n by means of the connecting rod f
which bevil wheel is driven by thie' bevil wheel o on the crank shaft of the
loom. In Fig. 6 the vibrating frame his shewn attached without any connect-
ing rod to the stud on the bevil wheel n, which, as in the fornier examples, is
driven by the bevil wheel o. In Fig. 7, I shew another form of spring for
acting upon the risers; which' spring is of a bent or bell-crank form, and is
shewn at g', the pins on the lags or drum pressing on one: arm of the
spring, and causing the other to raise the riser with which it is in contact.
Fig. 8' represents another mode of turning the lag drum; upon its shaft is
the arm or lever h', having connected to it the catch or ratchet ', which
acts upon the ratchet wheel fixed to the drum shaft, motion being given
to the arm or lever h¹ by its being connected to the lever or governor s.
Fig. 9 represents a form of risers so that they may be lifted without the
employment of springs. At the upper ends the said-risers have arms projecting

page_text: from them, as shewn at m', extending so that they and the risers may be
raised by the pegs in the lags or pegs in the pattern drum, the said risers
being guided by a grid, as in Figs. 1 and 2.
Having thus fully described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I desire it to be distinctly understood
that I do not confine myself to the exact details herein set forth, as such may
be varied or modified without departing from the principle thereof; and I
claim as of my Invention,―
Firstly, the employment of a vibrating frame furnished with slides or risers,
having projections or pullies to act upon the curved or inclined ends of jacks,
each jack being connected to each heald separately, or slides and risers
furnished with inclines to act upon pullies or projections attached to the
jacks.
Secondly, the employment of a lever or governor to cause the jacks to
resume their original position after the beating up of the work.
Thirdly, the employment of a drum with pins, or a lag with pins, to act
upon the risers either with or without springs.
Fourthly, the modes of lengthening the throw or traverse of the jacks, either
by increasing the size of the pullies or projections on the risers, or by altering
the angles of the ends of the jacks.
And, fifthly, the modes of giving motion to the vibrating frame and risers
from the driving shaft of the loom, and the general arrangement of the
parts, as are herein described, and illustrated in the accompanying Sheet of
Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Denton, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of May, One thousand eight hundred
and five
JOSEPH DENTON. (L.S.)
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the within-named
Joseph Denton, in the presence of
E. J. HUGHES, Patent Agent,
Manchester.