Improvements in the Manufacture of Electric Arc Carbons.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 30th Apr., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 27th Jan., 1890-Accepted, 1st Mar., 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Electric Arc Carbons.
We, WALTER ERNEST ADENEY, of 20 Crosthwaite Park, East, Kingstown, Co.
Dublin, Curator, Royal University, Dublin, LLEWELLYN SAUNDERSON, of 10 De Vesci
Terrace, Kingstown, Co. Dublin, Justice of the Peace, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention to be as follows:-
Our invention of improvements in the manufacture of electric arc carbons relates
especially to improvements or modifications of the composition of carbons, in crder
to improve the steadiness and intensity of the electric arc light, and also to make
them more lasting.
The manner of manufacturing the carbons is as follows: powdered gas coke is mixed
with powdered coal in the proportion of coke varying from 80 to 50% and that of coal
varying from 20 to 50%. To this mixture is added 1 to 10% of infusible or difficultly
fusible substances such as:-compounds of aluminium, silica, calcium, iron &c., such
as glass, cyanite, kaolin, bauxite, asbestos, pumice, felspar, gadolinite, samarskite,
quartz, zircon, limestone, strontianite, dolomite, witherite, phosphate of lime, braunite,
titanic iron, chrome iron ore, wolfram, molybdenite, fluorspar, cerite, cryolite, phosphate
of aluminium, magnesite or compounds of nickel and cobalt.
The infusible or difficultly fusible substances are used to render the impurities in the
coke and coal as difficultly fusible as possible, and hence increase intensity and
steadiness of the electric arc light, and render the carbons themselves more durable.
After careful mixing the whole is introduced into iron moulds and heated under
pressure, at first gently, but finally very strongly. The carbon rod so made, if found
too porous is heated and introduced into hot coal tar, and the whole heated (pre-
ferably in vacuo) for some time. It is then taken out, and its surface cleaned, and
then introduced into a mould and again heated under pressure.
Doted this 90th day of Amil 1000
W. E. ADENEY.
LLEWELLYN SAUNDERSON.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Electric Arc Carbons.
We, WALTER ERNEST ADENEY of 20 Crosthwaite Park, East Kingstown, Co.
Dublin, Curator, Royal University Dublin, LLEWELLYN SAUNDERSON of 10 De Vesci
Terrace, Kingstown, Co. Dublin, Justice of the Peace, do hereby declare the nature
of this Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
Our Invention relates especially to improvements or modifications of the composition
of carbons, in order to improve the steadiness and intensity of the electric arc light,
and also to make the carbons more lasting.
In order to carry out our Invention, we manufacture carbons from a mixture of coke,
coal, and an infusible or a difficultly fusible material by heating the mixture under
pressure in a mould.
The subject matter of our Invention is specifically designated in the claims at the
end of the Specification.
The manner of manufacturing the carbons is as follows:-powdered gas-coke is
mixed with powdered coal in the proportion of coke varying from 80 to 50%, and
that of coal varying from 20 to 50 %, to this mixture is added 1 to 10% of infusible
or difficultly fusible substance, such as compounds of aluminum, silica, calcium,
iron &c., glass, cyanite, kaolin, bauxite, asbestos, pumice, felspar, gadolinite, samarskite,
TDA7 3.

page_text: quartz, zircon, limestone, strontianite, dolomite, witherite, phosphate of lime, braunite,
titanic iron, chrome iron ore, wolfrem, molybdenite, fluorspar, cerite, cryolite, phosphate
of aluminium, magnesite, or compounds of nickel and cobalt.
These refractory substances are used to render the impurities in the coke and coal
as difficultly fusible as possible, and hence increase the intensity and steadiness of the
electric arc light, and the durability of the carbon.
After careful mixing, the ingredients are introduced into an iron mould and heated
under pressure, first gently, but finally very strongly.
The carbon-rod thus made, if too porous, is heated, introduced into hot cold-tar, and
the whole heated for some time, preferably in a vacuum. The carbon-rod is then
taken from the coal-tar, its surface cleaned, and again introduced into a mould and
heated under pressure.
We are aware that it has been proposed to make electric light carbons from a
mixture of powdered coke, animal-charcoal, and china-clay heated under pressure
in a mould and therefore do not broadly claim such a carbon, or its manufacture.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said Inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. The method, substantially as herein set forth of manufacturing electric arc carbon
pencils which consists in mixing powdered coke, powdered coal, and a difficultly
fusible substance, inserting them in a mould subjecting them to the simultaneous
action of heat and mechanical pressure and finally removing the complete carbons.
2. The method, substantially as berein set forth, of manufacturing electric are carbons,
which consists in mixing together powdered gas-coke, powdered coal and an infusible
or difficultly fusible material inserting the mixture in a mould, heating it under
mechanical pressure, removing the carbon pencil thus formed, immersing it in hot
coal tar and heating it, then taking it from the coal tar and cleaning its surface, and
again introducing it into a mould and beating it under mechanical pressure.
3. The method, substantially as herein set forth, of manufacturing electric arc carbons,
which consists in mixing powdered gas coke, powdered coal and an infusible or difficultly
fusible material, inserting the mixture in a mould, heating it under mechanical
pressure to form a carbon pencil, removing the pencil, immersing it in hot coal tar,
and then re-heating the pencil under mechanical pressure in a mould.
4. The hereinbefore described improvement in the manufacture of electric are
carbons, which consists in mixing powdered gas coke, powdered coal, and an infusible
or difficultly fusible material, forming this mixture in a mould under heat and
mechanical pressure, and immersing it in hot coal-tar and re-heating under mechanical
pressure in a mould.
5. A carbon for electric lights consisting of a mixture of powdered gas coke,
powdered coal, and an infusible or difficultly fusible material in about the proportions
specified impregnated with coal-tar and united under heat and pressure.
Dated this 13th day of January 1890
W. E. ADENEY.
LLEWELLYN SAUNDERSON.