matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN COUPLING APPARATUS FOR RAILWAY VEHICLES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Harris Lake at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st November 1880. A communication
from abroad by Abram Osterhout, of Wayland, Michigan, United States of
America.
HENRY HARRIS LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, and Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN COUPLING APPARATUS FOR
RAILWAY VEHICLES." A communication from abroad by Abram Osterhout, of
Wayland, Michigan, United States of America.
The object of this Invention is to provide a coupling apparatus for railway
vehicles which will be simple and economical in construction and safe and certain
in its operation.
In carrying the said Invention into practice, I secure on the underside of the
vehicle two angle-irons. I also provide two sliding plates or blocks having necks
or projections, which work easily between the angle-irons and the bed plates to
which they are attached. In these sliding blocks a hook is inserted with a spiral
spring on its shank and between the blocks. The said hook is formed with a
shoulder and provided with a stop bolt behind the rear block.
The couplers or devices which interlock with each other between two vehicles
have a wedge-shaped opening, being wider in front and tapering to the width of
the shoulder on the hook. At this point the sides of the couplers unite in a
square block, through the centre of which is a suitable hole for the insertion of the
shank of the hook. The couplers will thus be confined on this shank between the
shoulder and front sliding block or plate, the latter sliding upon the shoulder of
the hook, thus allowing a free movement longitudinally and also the necessary
vertical play of the couplers, thus accommodating them to their relative positions
when the vehicles come together. The couplers for all the vehicles are of the
same construction so that either one may book on to the other. The forward end
of the coupler terminates in a blunt edge, being slightly bevelled on top, and on its
under side is formed with a latch.
I also provide two levers which are pivoted together at their inner ends
immediately beneath the coupler and upon which the couplers rest. These levers
extend to the sides of the vehicles and have their fulcra on the swinging pieces
ל

page_text: and are kept in place by staples and hangers. By this arrangement the vehicles
may be uncoupled either by a direct pull on the levers or by pressing their ends
down, the effect being at once to elevate the inner ends of the levers and by this
means throw the latch of one of the couplers out of the opening of the other.
It becomes necessary with this style of coupling to provide a special buffer, 5
which I do by attaching an oblong metal box to the centre of the end of each
vehicle, providing it with spiral or other suitable springs and bolting an overlapping
top or cover over it in such a manner that it will yield against the springs.
It is obvious from the foregoing description that the ordinary link may be used
in connection with or apart from this special device for coupling should it at any 1
time be advisable to do so.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF UTILIZING THE LATENT HEAT OF STEAM AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR."
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Carl Pieper at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 10th July 1880. A communication from
Richard Handrick, Engineer, of Buckau, Kingdom of Prussia.
CARL PIEPER, Civil Engineer and Patent Agent, of 109-110, Gneisenau-strasse,
Berlin, S.W., Prussia. "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF UTILIZING THE LATENT
HEAT OF STEAM AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR." A communication from Richard
Handrick, Engineer, of Buckau, Kingdom of Prussia.
This Invention relates to an improved method of utilizing the latent heat of
steam.
The steam generated from a liquid contained in a boiler or closed evaporating-
apparatus of any kind is caused to pass into a chainber arranged inside of the
said apparatus in the manner of a flue, or in contiguity with the same on its
outside. Within this chamber the temperature of the steam is raised to a certain
degree above the temperature of the liquid in the generator by means of a hot
medium conducted by a pipe, or in other suitable manner, through or into the
steam, or the latter is heated on its passage from the generator to the chamber.
The steam being thus made hotter than the liquid in the generator, communicates
its latent heat to the liquid, whereby the latter is evaporated, while the steam is
condensed.
The liquid to be evaporated may entirely cover the said flue or chamber
(condensing chamber), or it is caused to run over the same in a thin layer, or to
rise in a narrow space formed by the wall of a condensing-chamber and a special
body made of a suitable non-conductor of heat, or by the walls of two chambers.
The flow of the steam from the generator to the condensing-chamber may
be regulated by means of a suction and discharging apparatus, such as a pump
or an injector.
When the pressure of the steam in the generator is maintained sufficiently high,
a steam-engine may be inserted between the generator and the condenser and
driven by the difference of pressures.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ROOF TRUSSES AND FASTENERS FOR LIGHTS OR VENTILATORS IN THE SAME, PART OF WHICH IS ALSO APPLICABLE FOR OTHER VENTILATORS."
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Percy Holt, of 15, Park Row, Leeds, in the
County of York, Civil Engineer, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF ROOF TRUSSES AND FASTENERS FOR LIGHTS OR
VENTILATORS IN THE SAME, PART OF WHICH IS ALSO APPLICABLE FOR
OTHER VENTILATORS."
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Henry Percy Holt at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th June 1880.
HENRY PERCY HOLT, of 15, Park Row, Leeds, in the County of York, Civil
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ROOF TRUSSES AND
FASTENERS FOR LIGHTS OR VENTILATORS IN THE SAME, PART OF WHICH IS ALSO
APPLICABLE FOR OTHER VENTILATORS."
The first part of this Invention consists in the arrangement and form of castings
and rods for tying the several parts of the truss together, and refers more
particularly to that form of truss in which iron and timber are combined, as shewn
in Fig. 1 on the Sheet of Drawings.
The object aimed at is to form a cheap and efficient construction, the form of
castings for which are designed to be interchangeable, so that castings off the same
pattern can be used for roofs of several spans, independently of the angles at which
the tension rods are connected to them.
In order to accomplish this I usually prefer to make the bosses (which receive
the tension rods) of a circular form, or segments of a circle, in side elevation, as
shewn in Fig. 7. 2, circular boss; m, slotted hole to admit of tie rod taking
angle due to the strain on it; k, segmental washer, which can take a bearing on
the boss in any position into which it may be drawn by the strain on rod; n, nuts
for adjusting and securing lengths of tension rods. The arrangement of bosses for
tension rods, slotted holes, and segmental washers, is usually the same for all the
castings, as shewn on Drawing.
It is obvious that in lieu of slotted holes in the boss, the boss itself could be
made to swivel, as shewn in Figs. 5 and 5, in which case plain circular holos
are used for tension rods, and the bosses need not then be necessarily circular, or
even segments of circles.
The second part of this Invention consists of an arrangement for opening and
closing the ventilators in a roof by means of a screw, one end of which runs
through a nut, which forms the centre boss of a cord pulley mounted on a bracket
usually fixed on the side of light frame. The other end of the scrow is provided
with a tee head, which engages in a slide fixed on the light, which allows play for
the light to swivel on its hinges or pivots.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ILLUMINATED TIME PIECES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Douglas and Evan
Foster at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th January
1880.
WILLIAM HENRY DOUGLAS, of Stourbridge, in the County of Worcester, and
EVAN FOSTER, of Kidderminster, in the County of Worcester aforesaid, Watch
Makers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ILLUMINATED TIME PIECES."
This Invention refers to the construction of a time keeper capable of being
attached at night to any form of light. In one form I make a dial of the shape of
an enlarged watch glass, but with the centre cut out to receive a case of watch or
clock movements with long hands projecting beyond the movement and in front of
the enlarged dial; by means of a hook secured to this enlarged dial the apparatus,
when small, may be hung on to any globe, or glass, or part of a lamp, so that the
light may be behind the dial, or the dial figures may be indicated on a glass globe
without the intervention of a second dial, and the movement may be placed outside
the globe. The dial above named may also be made of talc or other translucent
material, or skeleton figures made of metal may be used.
Or the globe may be made with a hole in the side to receive the movement.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BAG FURNITURE, LOCKS, AND ATTACHMENTS FOR TRAVELLING BAGS, PORTMANTEAUS, AND OTHER RECEPTACLES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Johaun Adam Thümling at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th March 1880.
JOHAUN ADAM THUMLING, of Greek Street, Soho, in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BAG FURNITURE, LOCKS, AND ATTACHMENTS FOR TRAVELLING
BAGS, PORTMANTEAUS, AND OTHER RECEPTACLES."
This Invention relates, first, to improvements in the arrangement and con-
struction of locks for locking and fastening the frames of travelling bags,
portmanteaus, and other similar receptacles, the object of my improvements being
to simplify the mechanism of double action locks employed for this purpose, in
which bolts of considerable length are employed to secure the frame of the bag at
each end as well as at the centre.
For this purpose the inner end of the spring nozzle carries a plate with pins or
studs at each end, which enter into inclined slots formed in the end of each longi-
tudinal bolt, the opposite or outer ends of which pass into staples fixed on the
inner side of the frame.
By depressing the nozzle the studs act on the inclined slots, and thus cause each
longitudinal bolt to be withdrawn from the staples and so release the two parts of
the frame. The central bolts of the lock are the same or similar to those in
common use, and are locked by a key in the usual manner.
According to my improvements no outside furniture or locking device is required,
although my improved double action lock may be employed in combination there-
with.
Another part of my improvements relates to an external appendage to a bag
frame for the purpose of attaching and securing thereto an additional package or
articles, so as to avoid the necessity of carrying the same separately.
For this purpose I form a rod or bar with a loop or hook at one end, or with a
hook at each end, one of the hooks being closed by a spring, which acts like a
The rod or bar can be con-
spring swivel to retain whatever is placed therein.
nected to the rings, which connect the handle to the bag, or it can be otherwise
attached thereto (permanently at one end if desired).
By detaching the spring or swivel end any article or package can be passed on to
the rod or bar, which is then secured in position, thereby combining the appendage
and article or articles with the bag.
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHIRTS AND OTHER LIKE WEARING APPAREL
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gabriel Taylor at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 4th November 1880.
"IMPROVE-
GABRIEL TAYLOR, of 12, Hamsell Street, in the City of London.
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHIRTS AND OTHER LIKE WEARING APPAREL."
The object of this Invention is providing shirts or similar articles of wearing
dress
apparel with a front protector, which will enable the shirt to be worn for
or "uudress," thereby dispensing with the necessity of an entire change being made,
in the event of the wearer having to attend an evening party, or other occasion
requiring a change after business.
"
In carrying out the improvement, I construct the shirt in the ordinary manner
with a "dress" front, and then attach to the top side seams two lapels, which when
thrown open or back lie under the braces, or are otherwise secured, in which
position they fully expose the clean "dress" front; but in order to keep the said front
clean whilst being worn during the day and business hours the said lapels are
brought forward so as to cross over the dress front and fasten on the stud or collar
button, their configuration or shape in this position being such that they form
whilst covering the "dress" front an ordinary scarf suitable for business or outdoor
wear.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GAS AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lako at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th May 1880. A communication
from abroad by John D. Averell, of the City and State of New York, United
States of America.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
GAS AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR." [A communication from abroad by John
D. Averell, of the City and State of New York, United States of America.]
The object of the said Invention is to produce carburetted water-gas for heating
and illuminating purposes by a continuous process. It comprises a retort fitted
with a grate, and a close ash-pit at the bottom, and surrounded by an exterior
mixing chamber, and connected by suitable pipes with the external atmosphere, also
a steam boiler and an oil tank.
After a coal fire has been well started in the retort, the smoke-pipe and ash-pit
eonnections are closed; the oil or naptha is carried either in a liquid or vaporous
form by the steam into the ash pit by an injector, which is also in communication
with the atmosphere; and the combined vapors and air first pass through the
burning fuel in the retort, and then through the mixing chamber into the
main.
The said apparatus is provided with the necessary means for feeding and cleaning
the fire without exposing it to the air; it is also furnished with bundles of wire or
other means for mixing the gases, also with valves and other appliances in ordinary
use for analogous purposes.
AN IMPROVED ELECTRIC PILE
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Michel Stavrou Azapis and Panagiotis
Stavrou Azapis at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th
July 1880.
MICHEL STAVROU AZAPIS and PANAGIOTIS STAVROU AZAPIS, of Boulevard Saint
Denis, 1, at Paris, Manufacturers. " AN IMPROVED ELECTRIC PILE"
This Invention relates to an electric pile of constant current and great intensity,
and is an improvement or modification of the piles known as the Bunsen pile and
the Daniell pile.
The improvement essentially consists in substituting for the acid or acidulated
liquid usually employed in the outer vessel of the pile, a solution in distilled water
of any salt, but particularly of cyanide of potassium, or of caustic potash, or of
sal-ammoniac in the proportion of about 10 parts of salt to 100 of water. Instead
of the salts above indicated, we can employ the following vegetable substances in
the state of infusion, decoction, or otherwise, namely, sulphate of quinine and
quassia amara-For the sulphate of quinine we employ about 31, grains (216
milligrammes) of quinine for 555 grains (36 grammes) of water; for the quassia
amara wo adopt the same proportion as for the salts above indicated. With regard
to the liquid in the inner porous vessel we leave it as it has been hitherto in tho
acid or acidulated state in the Bunsen and Daniell piles.
In combination with the use of theso substances we employ, by preference,
diaphragms as little porous as possible, because they have the property of insuring,
and at the same time of facilitating, the action and the duration of the current.
Mineral Water Manufac
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alexander Smith Orr, of Upper Sackville Street, Dublin,
in the County of Dublin, Ireland, trading under the style and title of
A. and R. Thwaites and Company, Aerated and Mineral Water Manufacturers,
PROVISIONAL' SPECIFICATION left by the said Alexander Smith Orr at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th August 1880.
ALEXANDER SMITH ORR, of Upper Sackville Street, Dublin, in the County of
Dublin, Ireland, trading under the style and title of A. and R. Thwaites and
Company, Aerated and Mineral Water Manufacturers. "A NEW OR IMPROVED
AERATED DRINK."
My said Invention has reference to the production of a new or improved aërated
or effervescent drink, and is especially adapted for medicinal or restorative purposes,
and consists in the employment of the chemical ingredient or substance known as
salicylic acid, either in a free or combined state and in suitable proportions.
The manufactured article resulting from the use of such ingredient or substance
will afford a more grateful method of administrating the same than any method
hitherto in use, so far as I am aware.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Alexander Smith Orr in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 10th
February 1881.
ALEXANDER SMITH ORR, of Upper Sackville Street, Dublin, in the County of
Dublin, Ireland, trading under the style and title of A. and R. Thwaites and
Company, Aërated and Mineral Water Manufacturers. "A NEW OR IMPROVED
AERATED DRINK."
My said Invention has reference to the production of a new or improved aërated
or effervescent drink, and is especially adapted for medicinal or restorative purposes,
and consists in the employment of the chemical ingredient or substance known as
salicylic acid, either in a free or combined state, in proportion of about one-half
or one whole grain (according to the strength required) to one ounce of the new or
improved aërated drink herein claimed.
The manufactured article resulting from the use of such ingredient or substance
will afford a more grateful method of administering the same than any method
hitherto in use, so far as I am aware.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention, and in what the same
consists, I would have it understood that what I desire to claim as the Invention
to be secured to me by the herein before in part recited Letters Patent is,―
First. The employment of the chemical ingredient or substance known as salicylic
acid, either in a free or combined state, in the manufacture of effervescent drinks, or
drinks especially adapted for medicinal or restorative purposes, substantially as
specified.
Secondly. The manufacture of an effervescent or aërated drink, in the production
of which salicylic acid is used, substantially as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alexander Smith Orr, have hereunto this my
Specification set my hand and seal, this Fourth day of February, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF PRODUCING NOVEL AND ORNAMENTAL EFFECTS ON STRAW FANS, STRAW FIRE-SCREENS, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF SIMILAR CONSTRUCTION
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Oscar Thaege at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 6th March 1880.
OSCAR THAEGE, of Basinghall Street, in the City of London, Manufacturer.
"AN IMPROVED METHOD OF PRODUCING NOVEL AND ORNAMENTAL EFFECTS ON
STRAW FANS, STRAW FIRE-SCREENS, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF SIMILAR
CONSTRUCTION."
My Invention relates to an improved method of producing novel and ornamental
effects, patterns, or designs, on straw fans, straw fire-screens, and other articles of
similar construction or manufacture, and is specially applicable to those fans and
screens manufactured at Florence, and in which the spreading or opening is produced
by causing the handles of the same to each describe a semi-circle.
My Invention consists in the employment or application of threads of cotton or
silk of various colours, and also of gold or silver threads, the said threads being
introduced into the loom during the process of weaving the straws into sheets or
lengths from which the desired article is to be made. The coloured threads or the
gold or silver threads thus introduced become interwoven with the straws and
form, so to speak, the warp or longitudinal threads, while the straws form the
weft.
Any number of these cotton or silk threads of various colours, or shades or tints
of colour, or combination of colours, as well as the gold or silver threads, may be
interwoven at the same time with the lengths or sheets of straw so as to produce
ornamental designs or patterns of various shades or tints of colour.
When the coloured threads or the gold or silver threads have been interwoven
with the straws, the sheets of material so manufactured are cut up into the required
lengths, and then manipulated in the usual manner to produce the desired article,
which, if a fan or screen, will exhibit novel and ornamental effects, patterns, or
designs thereon when spread or opened.
By the use of these threads of various colours, or of gold or silver threads, the
ordinary binding threads may be dispensed with, and the coloured threads or the
gold or silver threads made to answer the two-fold purpose of binding and of
ornamenting at one and the same time.
IMPROVE MENTS IN SAFETY APPARATUS FOR MINE CAGES AND LIFTS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Beaufort Richards at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th December 1880.
GEORGE BEAUFORT RICHARDS, of the City of Bristol, Engineer. " IMPROVE
MENTS IN SAFETY APPARATUS FOR MINE CAGES AND LIFTS."
This Invention relates to safety apparatus to be applied more particularly to
mine cages.
In my improved apparatus the ordinary raising and lowering rope of the cage,
instead of being fastened by fixed connections with the cage, is fastened to four levers
having eyes bored in their ends, which ends are respectively at the four corners of
the cage. These levers are placed on each side of the wood guide rods, when such
are used, and have their fulcra near their inner ends on turned pins in the cage
frame. They are free to turn about these pins downwards to an extent which is
limited by stops bolted to the cage frame.
A strong spiral spring is attached to the inner end of each lever, which spring
when the cage is in working order is in tension. The levers are also prolonged
below their fulcra, the prolongations being formed with jagged projecting teeth.
The action of the apparatus is as follows:-On the ends of the levers being let
go, owing to the breaking of the raising and lowering rope or otherwise, the spiral
springs by turning the levers about their respective fulcra cause the teeth to bite
into the wood guides. However slightly the teeth grip the wood guides, the
weight of the cage acting at the pins or fulcra produces a toggle action and thereby
jams the cage; the harder the cage pulls the tighter it becomes jammed.
Where wire guides are used I employ long sockets in place of the teeth, these
sockets hanging loosely on the levers. When the levers turn about their fulcra,
owing to the winding rope breaking, the sockets are forced against the wire guides
and grip them with their whole length.
My safety apparatus is also applicable to lifts.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Herbert John
Company, Solicitors of Patents, of
Civil Engineer, for the Invention of
OF FELT."
A communication from
in the Republic of France.
Haddan, of the Firm of Herbert and
67, Strand, in the City of Westminster,
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
abroad by Alfred Sommer, of Pierrepont,
Sealed the 5th March 1880, and dated the 9th January 1880.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Herbert John Haddan at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th January 1880.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors of
Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FELT." [A communication from abroad by Alfred
Sommer, of Pierrepont, in the Republic of France.]
In the usual practice of manufacturing felt, the different materials employed
(such as wool, silk, cotton, or hair) are simply fixed together or aggregated. The
Invention consists in. incorporating with the material which composes the felt, a
netting which serves as a core and support to these materials. For this purpose
fleeces or sheets of waste fibrous materials, short wool, or other fibres produced by
careful carding, are wound upon two rollers or bobbins, and the network upon a
third roller. The fleece from the first roller is placed on the felting machine, then
the netting comes over this first fleece, and is subsequently covered by the second
fleece consisting of carded wool or other material. The felt is then formed and need
only be subjected to the action of ordinary felting and fulling machines. The
threads of this netting can be made of hemp, jute, silk, horse, or other hair, wool, or
cotton, as may be required; these threads are plain or mixed; in their manufacture
one or several of the above mentioned materials can be employed. Where colouring is
required, the combined materials may be dyed in one or more colours. The meshes of
the netting may be of different shapes or dimensions and the network itself can be
plain or ornamental. By combining the different shapes of the meshes of the net-
work with a diversity of colours, and of materials which make the threads of the
said netting, ornamentations may be produced which may stand out of the tissue of
light felts and different flannels. In thick felt the netting disappears altogether.

page_text: The advantages resulting from this new method of manufacturing felt are the
following:-1. Special use for waste and short wool; 2. Greater strenth of the new
felts; 3. Manufacture of light felts with patterns or ornamentations.
In witness whereof, I, the said Herbert John Haddan, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Ninth day of January, A:D. 1880.
Η I HADDAN (ra)
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE METHOD OF PRODUCING ORNAMENTATION ON PORCELAIN AND OTHER EARTHENWARE
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Bevington at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th March 1880.
THOMAS BEVINGTON, of Hanley, in the County of Stafford, Manufacturer.
" AN
IMPROVEMENT IN THE METHOD OF PRODUCING ORNAMENTATION ON PORCELAIN
AND OTHER EARTHENWARE."
The object of my Invention is to afford means for producing ornamental effects
upon the surfaces of articles of porcelain and other earthenware, such as the
appearance of a covering of moss.
With this object I take the article of porcelain or other earthenware desired to
be ornamented before it has been fired, and I coat the same, or such part or parts
of it as are to be thus ornamented, with a solution of gum or cement in water and
"water slip" by means of a brush or otherwise, and I then dust, throw, or sprinkle
thereon particles or small forms of clay obtained by the admixture of gum clay and
water clay, which mixture is then at a proper consistency pressed through the
interstices of a sieve or other reticulate surface capable of producing thready or
filamentous pieces of clay, which when dried or partially dried become hardened
and may be broken easily into more or less minute pieces for application by
sprinkling or dusting, as described, upon the gummed or cemented surface of the
article to be ornamented.
When thus treated the article or the part or parts thereof are colored to the
extent required to represent the desired effect, and the article is then finished and
fired in the ordinary manner.
By these means beautiful effects are enabled to be produced, resembling moss
and other objects, for combination with floral and other ornamentation or otherwise,
economically and expeditiously, with much truth to nature.
IMPROVE MENTS IN LAVATORYS
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Benjamin Finch, of No. 181, High Holborn, London, in
the County of Middlesex, Sanitary Engineer, for an Invention of "IMPROVE
MENTS IN LAVATORYS"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Benjamin Finch at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th August 1880.
BENJAMIN FINCH, of No. 181, High Holborn, London, in the County of
Middlesex, Sanitary Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAVATORYS."
The main object of my Invention is entirely to dispense with the necessity of
using the ordinary enclosure of a lavatory, whereby I economise space and cost
both in manufacture and erection.
For this purpose I propose to make the top and skirts in one or more parts, as I
may find most convenient, and to suspend the basin from the top, which rests upon
a receiver beneath, this latter, being supported by a pilaster forming base, and
enclosing both supply and waste pipes.
I may make provision in the top to receive supply valves or cocks, and also a
soap tray draining into the receiver beneath,
My improvements are equally applicable to lavatorys with tip or other basins.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR LOCKING MINERS' SAFETY LAMPS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Allen and Reginald Grahame
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th February 1880.
THOMAS ALLEN, of Liskeard, in the County of Cornwall, Merchant, and REGINALD
GRAHAME, of New Malden, in the County of Surrey, Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR LOCKING MINERS' SAFETY LAMPS."
This Invention has for its object improvements in mining safety lamps, and
relates to means by which it renders it impossible to get a light from the lamp at
any time after being locked, and consists of a metal extinguisher connected to a
rod, which is brought down and passed through a brass tube in a reservoir, and
through the bottom of the lamp fastening into a loop, thereby keeping the
extinguisher at the top of the lamp while burning.
The lock instead of being an ordinary screw as used in the present lamp is a
bevilled steel bolt fitted vertically into the reservoir of the lamp, and projecting
through the top is kept in position by a steel spiral spring contained in a tin
cylinder fixed inside the reservoir of the lamp. A steel stud is screwed in the side of
the outer case, and projects about of an inch inside the lamp, passing a bolt on the
bevilled side when screwing up the lamp and consequently locking itself. To open the
lamp it is necessary to release the rod from the loop at the bottom of the lamp, and
draw it downwards until the lower edge of the extinguisher comes in contact with
the top part of the bolt, and which will bring the under side of the top of the
extinguisher about 1/8th of an inch above the burner tube; by continuing to draw
the extinguisher down it puts out any light that may then be in the lamp, and at
the same time allows the stud to pass the bolt on the top of its bevilled part, when
the lamp can be unscrewed in the ordinary manner. When the pressure is taken
off the bolt resumes its original position by means of a spiral spring. The
extinguisher is made with corrugations at the side, and a number of small holes at
the top to allow the flame to escape above it, preventing the possibility of the flame
escaping through the gauze by the too quick drawing down of the extinguisher.
This improvement can be applied to all existing mining lamps at a very
small cost.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR CONNECTED WITH VACUUM BOXES FOR PAPER- MAKING MACHINES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Brodie at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 8th March 1880.
ROBERT BRODIE, of Leith, in the County of Midlothian, North Britain,
Engineer. ** IMPROVEMENTS IN OR CONNECTED WITH VACUUM BOXES FOR PAPER-
MAKING MACHINES."
This Invention has principally for its object to diminish the wear and tear to
which in ordinary paper-making machines the "wire or endless wire gauze cloth
is subjected, whilst passing over the vacuum or suction boxes, and in consequence
of its great friction on such boxes as ordinarily constructed.
In carrying out the Invention the sides of each vacuum box (which sides are
transverse to the wire) are formed by rollers of brass or other suitable material,
and which may be carried like the rollers ordinarily supporting the wire. The
bottom of the box is in one modification formed by a plate or closed frame,
which can be adjusted so as to bear up in close contact with the lower parts of
the rollers, and the interior of the box may communicate with the vacuum pumps
by one or more pipes connected to the bottom plate or frame. The ends of the
box are formed by plates or pieces which are adjustable to whatever width the
deckles are set at, and are of a contour to fit the underside of the wire at their
tops, the inner sides of the two rollers at their sides, and the bottom plate or frame
at their lower parts.
The end pieces are made sufficiently tight by rubber or other suitable material
held between plates, which are adjustable by screws so as to press the rubber or
material more or less closely in contact with the rollers or other parts, and the
bottom plate or frame has a groove formed along each part of it, which bears against
the rollers to receive rope yarn or other suitable material to make a sufficiently
tight joint at that part.
On the middle of the bottom plate or frame there is mounted a shaft having on
it one or more small rollers, and made capable of accurate adjustment, so that when
the bottom plate or frame is raised into position such small roller or rollers may
enter up a certain distance between the side rollers for the purpose of supporting
these rollers laterally and otherwise against the unbalanced atmospheric pressure.
Supporting rollers are also applied beneath the side rollers at each side of the
bottom plate or frame (that is outside of the vacuum box), being held in adjustable
bearings admitting of their being accurately set to bear up the side rollers."

page_text: In another modification the bottom of the vacuum box is formed by a third
roller instead of a plate or frame, such third roller presenting a metal surface or
being covered with rubber, or an endless rubber cloth may be passed round over
the side rollers under the bottom roller and under a fourth roller, so as to form a
trough-like space under the wire. In such modifications the pipes communicating
with the pumps will be connected to the end pieces of the box.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PORTABLE OR TABLE FOUNTAINS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Henry Kessell and Charles
Kessell at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th July 1880.
CHARLES HENRY KESSELL and CHARLES KESSELL, both of 11, Southwark
Street, in the County of Surrey. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PORTABLE OR TABLE
FOUNTAINS."
Our Invention consists of a portable or table fountain which is divided into three
parts; 1st, a top chamber or basin in which the spray or jet of water is produced;
2nd, an intermediate or pressure chamber; 3rd, a bottom chamber.
The bottom part of the basin is perforated and connected with a pipe, which
passes down to the bottom chamber, so that water placed in the basin can run
down to the bottom chamber. Through this pipe passes a rod, the top end of
which is connected to a small cranked spindle, furnished with a removable handle;
or the spindle itself may be made removable. In some cases the rod may be
worked directly up and down by means of a suitable handle fixed to the top end.
The bottom end of the rod is furnished with a piston of peculiar construction,
which works in a cylinder formed in the bottom chamber. The lower part of the
pipe is bent so as to run down along the outside surface of the cylinder.
At the top of the cylinder is a hole communicating with a U shaped pipe, one
end of which is carried up to near the top of the intermediate or pressure chamber.
An air pipe is fixed to the top of the bottom chamber, and reaches nearly to the
top of the pressure chamber. The pipe to which is fixed the nozzle or cock for
producing the spray or jet terminates near the bottom of the pressure chamber, and
is carried up to the required height in the top chamber or basin.
At the bottom of the cylinder is fixed a plate with a hole in the centre, and
above which is fixed another plate with one or more holes. In the space between
these two plates is placed a disc of metal. This forms the bottom valve, through
which the water is admitted to the cylinder. The piston working in the cylinder
is formed in exactly the same manner, that is to say, two plates connected together
and provided with holes, and between which is a loose disc.
When the piston is raised, the disc of the valve at the bottom of the cylinder is
raised, and water enters through the hole of the bottom plate and passes through
the holes in the top plate into the cylinder. Upon lowering the piston, the disc of
the valve covers the bottom plate and the water contained in the cylinder passes

page_text: through the piston to the space above. When the piston is again raised, the water
passes through the opening at the top of the cylinder, and is delivered by the
pipe connected with it into the intermediate or pressure chamber. It will he
readily understood that as the water rises in this chamber, the air will become
compressed, and consequently force the water up through the pipe connected to
the nozzle or cock producing the spray or jet; and the water falling back again to
the bottom chamber, keeps the same pressure till all the water in the intermediate
or pressure chamber is exhausted.
AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF VELVET
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Scott Collinge and Robert Collinge, both of
Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, for an Invention of "AN IMPROVED
MANUFACTURE OF VELVET."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Scott Collinge and
Robert Collinge at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th
March 1880.
RICHARD SCOTT COLLINGE and ROBERT COLLINGE, both of Oldham, in the
County of Lancaster. "AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF VELVET."
This Invention relates to the manufacture of a velvet on a somewhat similar
principle to that for which Letters Patent were granted to us and Edward Collinge,
bearing date the 10th of January, 1880, No. 114, with a fast and erect pile, the
object of the present Invention being to make a velvet with a shorter and closer
pile than previously.
This improved velvet is made with a plain-back, and is woven with eight shafts
and with ten picks to the round.
The first pick is a binder pick and passes over one, under two, over two, under
two, over one.
The second pick is a face pick, and passes under one, over one, under one, and
then floats over five.
The third pick is a face pick, and passes over two, under one, over one, under
one, and floats over three.
The fourth pick is a face pick, and floats over four, and then binds under one,
over one, under one, and over the eighth.
The fifth pick is also a face pick, and passes under one, floats over five, and then
nder one, over one.

page_text: The sixth pick is a binding pick, and passes under one, over two, under two,
over two, under one.
The seventh pick is the same as the second.
The eighth pick is the same as the third.
The ninth the same as the fourth, and the tenth pick is the same as the fifth.
This improved tie-up will make a velvet with a plain back, and with a short
erect and close pile perfectly fast, and capable of taking a finish almost equal to
that of a silk velvet.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN PENS AND STYLES FOR WRITING AND MARKING
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Bock Binko at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd April 1880.
HENRY BOCK BINKO, of the Firm of Binko & Co., 12, Coleman Street, Bunhill
Row, London, E.C. "AN IMPROVEMENT IN PENS AND STYLES FOR WRITING AND
MARKING."
The object of this Invention is to combine a pen or style with a simple
contrivance which will retain a large quantity of liquid ink, doing away with the
numberless patented combination pens and penholders for the same purpose now
in use, which, however, owing to their complicated construction renders same
unpractical.
My improvement enables, further, the making of styles by means of plates or
strong wires pointed, and having my improvement attached, whereby such styles
can be advantageously used for manifold writing and marking.
To carry out my Invention I take fine shavings or wires of metal, glass, or
asbestos, which I insert or attach in proportionate quantities to the pen or style,
so providing a simple method to retain liquid ink, and thereby allowing the use of
the pen for a considerable time without replenishing with ink, and also the
employment of the so as to get manifold copies, and at the same time the original
in ink.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Elias Smethurst, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
(Void by reason of the Patentee having neglected to file a Specification in
pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Elias Smethurst at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd December 1880.
ELIAS SMETHURST, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
This Invention relates to that class of looms for weaving piece goods known as
"loongees" or other similar fabrics, and for which Letters Patent were granted to
Christopher Cross, bearing date the 9th day of March 1880, No. 1027, and is
designed to simplify certain portions of the mechanism thereof.
The Invention relates particularly to that part of the loom which is employed
for weaving straight colored stripes or borders along the selvages of the piece.
Instead of the bobbins, containing the "lap weft" or "whip thread," being
mounted on vertical sliding bars placed at the back of the loom, as described in the
Specification of the said Letters Patent, I arrange them in a horizontal position
upon a sliding bar underneath the reed.
For this purpose I fix a horizontal bar or rod across the slay frame provided
with longitudinal slots at each end, and which carries a sliding bar; on this sliding
bar I fix brackets at or near each end, to which are fixed spindles on which the
cops or bobbins are carried, the weft from which is passed through a suitable
arrangement of eyes or twirls to the "race" of the shuttle above.
This sliding bar which carries the bobbins has a horizontal to and fro motion
imparted to it from an arrangement of mechanism worked from the tappet shaft,
and which may be described as follows:-
One end of a bell crank lever, which is pivoted to a bracket on the cross-bar of
the loom, is actuated by an arm on the tappet shaft; the other end of this lever

page_text: acts upon a fork on the end of a "picking lever" (which is also in the form of a
bell crank lever, but set at right angles to the other); the other end of this "picking
lever" acts in its turn upon the sliding bar carrying the bobbins, and therefore
gives the necessary to and fro motion thereto on the opening and closing of the
"shed."
On the lower end of this "picking lever" is a projecting finger to the end of
which I attach a cord which passes over pulleys on the reed frame; the other end
of this cord is held by an elastic band or spring, which allows it to have a rising
and falling motion imparted to it. This cord is connected to the healds or harness
of the border warp, which opens or closes the "shed" as required.
A weft fork is also employed, which is caused to throw the loom out of action
whenever the yarn breaks.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVES FOR GAS AND OTHER FLUIDS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Woodward at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 8th September 1880.
JOHN WOODWARD, of the Firm of Adam Woodward and Sons, of Queen's
Foundry, Union Street, Ancoats, in the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVES FOR GAS AND OTHER FLUIDS."
My improved valve is more particularly intended as a gas valve, though it may
be used for water, steam, and other fluids, if desired.
My Invention consists in an improved combination, arrangement, and construction,
by which valves are made in a simple and inexpensive manner, and so act that they
are not liable to get out of order by disuse.
The body or casing of the valve is formed by a casting with a facing that can be
readily surfaced in a lathe.
The valve is a disc with a stem at the back, the face of the disc being also
surfaced in a lathe.
The stem part of the valve is jointed by a pin with an arm secured on a shaft
formed of square iron turned cylindrical at the ends, one end of the shaft having its
bearing in a hole in the inside of the casing, the other end passing through a hole
in the side of the casing, which is formed into a stuffing box.
There is a brush inserted in the hole round the shaft which allows the large part
of the shaft to be first inserted before the box is packed.
There are collars on the shaft to keep the arm upon it in its proper place.
On a square formed on the exterior end of the shaft the handle is secured which
is to oscillate the shaft, and thus move the disc to and from its seating.
The arm to which the disc is jointed has an excentric or cam surface formed upon
it, which, when the shaft is turned one way, will press upon and force the disc
firmly against its facing, and in doing so gives it a slight sliding movement which
will tend to scrub away any tarry or other matter adhering to the facings.
There is or may be a stop formed on the valve or inside the casing for the back
or underside of the valve to come against when opened, to keep it in a position
about parallel with the facing.
There is or may be a weight on the lever or handle to counter-balance the weight
of the disc when the valves are heavy.

page_text: Or the shaft actuating the valve is or may be oscillated by a worm and worm
wheel. There is an index outside the casing to show when the valve is open and
shut.
Modifications may be made by arranging the disc valve in guides and actuating
it by an excentric or cam, or by knuckle joint levers to press it against its facing
when it is to be shut.