IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING MACHINERY
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Edward Newton, of the Office for Patents
66, Chancery Lane. in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING MACHINERY."-A communica-
tion from abroad by Stephen Davis Tucker, of New York, in the
United States of America
Sealed the 31st October 1861, and dated the 22nd May 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Edward Newton,
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 22nd May 1861.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING MACHINERY," to be as
follows:-
This Invention of improvements in printing machinery consists, first, in
the application to a small single cylinder of a fly frame for piling the
printed sheets as they come from the type. The type bed and distributing
table have a to-and-fro motion on a railway, for which purpose they are
mounted on wheels, and this form of press is, therefore, termed the railway
machine.
The next improvement relates to a smaller machine, which is usually called
a" job press." In this machine the type bed is placed in an inclined or nearly
pet pendicular position, and is stationary. The platen is mounted on an axis
[Price Sd.]

page_text: so that when the paper is fed on to it the platen by turning on its axis is
made to rise, and bring the sheet against the type, which is inked by a self-
acting inking apparatus that runs on guides placed beside the type bed. The
inking fountain is placed above, and the inking apparatus rises up to it for its
supply. The platen is provided with guides or stops, against which the paper
is fed, and there are also a couple of light vibrating arms, whereby the
is held on the platen, and is removed from the surface of the typo when
printed. The paper is fed in and taken off by hand.
paper
The next improvement also relates to machines which are applicable for job
work. In this instance also the type bed is fixed or stationary, but is placed
in a horizontal position. The platen is mounted above the type bed,and when
the paper is fed in it is brought down to receive the impression. The paper
is carried in under the platen by means of fingers, and the type is inked-
by means of inking rollers, which are made to travel over it.
The next improvement relates to a novel mode of mounting the inking
rollers of printing machines; so that they may when-required-be thrown.back.
from the distributing surface and the form of type. This movementis effected
bymeans of lever arms and excentrics on the end of the rollers, and by turning
the excentrics the inking rollers and frame are slightly lifted away from the
distributing or type surfaces, and if desired, may be thrown altogether out of
gear. This improvement will be found very useful in large machines where
there are several sets of inking rollers, as the latter may, when the machine
is at rest, be a little distance away from the inking table or distributing
surface, thereby preventing either the rollers or inking surface from being
marked by being allowed to remain for some time in contact, in order to
obviate which inconvenience in the present machines it has been the
practice to remove the inking rollers altogether from the machine.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Edward Newton in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 22nd November 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Laue, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fourth year of Her

page_text: reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said William Edward Newton, Her special license that I, the said
William Edward Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said William Edward Newton, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING MACHINERY," being a communi-
cation from abroad by Stephen Davis Tucker, of New York, in the United
States of America, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
William Edward Newton, by an instrument in writing under my hand
and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Iuvention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Edward Newton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
the
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
following statement, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):--
This Luvention of "Improvements in Printing Machinery" consists, first,
in the application to a small single cylinder machine of a fly frame for piling
the printed sheets as they come from the type. The type bed and distributing
table have a to-and-fro motion on a railway, for which purpose they are mounted
on wheels, and this form of press is therefore termed the "railway machine."
By arranging and actuating the fly frame in the manner shewn in the Drawings,
and hereafter described, the paper may be fed into the machine under the
impression cylinder, instead of over the saine as is usually the case. This
peculiarity of construction admits of making the machine more compact and
more convenient in the arrangement of the several parts. This machine
is intended for all ordinary kinds of printing, and is. shewn in Sheet I. of
the Drawings in which Fig. 1 is a side elevation, and Fig. 2 is an end
elevation of the machine. Figures 3 and 3* represent two views of the ink-
ing apparatus detached, and Fig. 4 is a partial sectional view of the
impression cylinder and its appurtenances detached from the machine.
1, J, are the side standards of the machine, which are firmly bolted to the
bed plate 2, and are united together by the cross ties 3, 3, (Fig. 2). The fly

page_text: wheel 4 is keyed on the driving shaft 5, and one of its arms is provided with
a handie 6, that serves as a crank to drive the machine. A pinion 7 is also
fixed to the shaft, and gives motion to the main wheel S and crank shaft 9, to
which the main wheel is keyed. This crank shaft only runs about half way
across the machine,and has the crank 10 on its inuer end, the outer end turning
in a bearing in the side framing, and the inner end in a bracket 11, springing
from the bed plate and supported by the tie rod 12. The rails 13, 13, on the
bed plate are made straight to receive a truck or carriage composed of the pair
of flanged wheels 14, 14, keyed on their axle 15, and the pair of flanged wheels
16,16, keyed on their axle 17. The axles 15 and 17 are tied together at each end
by the outsido stretches 18, 18, and this truck is connected to the crank 10 by
the connecting rod 19, the forked end of which is attached to its front axle 15,
and the truck is thus by the rotations of the crank caused to travel backwards
and forwards on the rails 13, 13, of the bed plate. The type bed 20 is
supported by-and-rides-on-the-top-of-the truck wheels 14, 14, and 16, 16,
and is guided by their flanges and moves with the same velocity as the peri-
phery of the wheels at the point at which it bears, which of course is just
-double that of the axles, so that by this arrangement the traverse of the type
bed is just double that of the truck aud crank. But in order that there may
be no slipping in the motion of the bed a stationary rack 21 is bolted to the
bed plate and into this the wheel 22 gears. This wheel is keyed on the front
truck axle between the forks of the connecting rod 19, and its pitch line
diameter exactly coincides with the diameter of the truck wheels. Another
rack 23 is bolted to the under side of the type bed and gears into the top of
the wheel 22, so that all possibility of the bed slipping is avoided; 24 is the
impression cylinder, the circumference of which is just equal to the traverse of
the type bed. It turns in adjustable bearings 25, in the sido frames, and can
be raised or lowered by the adjusting screws 26, 26, (Fig. 1) so that it may
be adjusted to give the requisite pressure on the form of type 27. A rack 28,
is fastened to one side of the type bed and gears into a wheel 29 that runs
loosely on the shaft of the impression cylinder, and the pitch line diameter of
this wheel agrees with the diameter of the cylinder. This wheel 29 is provided
with a pawl 30 (see Fig. 4) jointed on the side next to the cylinder, and points
in such a direction that as the crank pushes forward the bed, and of course the
wheel 29, the point of the pawl strikes against a projection 31 on the interior of
the shell of the cylinder and carries it forward, and as the traverseofthe bed is
just equal to the circumference of the cylinder, it follows that the cylinder
will make exactly a revolution. As the bed 20 is drawn back by the
crank 10 the wheel 29 and pawl 30 will make a revolution in the oppo-

page_text: site direction and leave the cylinder 24 stationary until the end of the
revolution, when the pawl will again fall behind the projection ready to
carry the cylinder 24 forward as before. A flat is cut on the under side
of the impression cylinder 24 (as this portion never prints) which gives
clearance for the bed to run back without touching the cylinder. To prevent
the cylinder from moving while the bed is running back, a tumbler 32
(Fig. 4) is jointed to the side frame. This tumblor is operated by a cam 33
(Fig. 1) on the crank shaft 9, running against a friction roller on one end of
the sliding rod 34, the other end being jointed to the tumbler 32, as seen
in Fig. 4. A spiral spring 36 (Fig. 1) on this rod serves to keep the
friction roller always in contact with the cam, and an extension nut 30
adjusts its length as required. An arm 37 of the tumbler reaches out
towards the cylinder, and has a groove or notch near the end, which, as the
bed and cylinder finish their forward movement, is caused to rise by the
cam 33, and made to clasp a projection on the end of the cylinder.
In Fig. 1, 38, 38, are the form inking rollers running in adjustable
bearings 39, 39; they run in contact with and are driven by the vibrating
distributor 40, which receives its motion from a rack 41 on the side of the
bed through the intermediate pinion 42 that gears into the rack, and also into
a pinion 43 on the shaft of the distributing roller 40; the distributor 40, and
also the form rollers 38, are thus made to turn backwards and forwards cor-
responding to the motion of the bed, and a screw cut on one end of the
distributor shaft causes it to vibrate endways. 44 is the ink fountain (sec
Fig. 3), and 45, 45, are the screws for regulating the flow of ink; 46 is
the feeding roller that conveys the ink from the fountain roller to the dis-
tributor 40 (Fig. 1). The feeding roller 46 runs in bearings in the arms 47,
47, fixed one on each end of the shaft 48, and is worked by the inclined plane
49 (Figures 1 and 3) on the side of the bed, and which lifts the arm 50,
also fixed to the shaft 48, and moves the roller 46 from the distributor to
the fountain roller. A ratchet 51 is keyed on one end of the fountain roller,
and outside of this the toothed segment 5 turns loosely, and carries a
pawl 53 that works into the ratchet. A similar toothed segment 54 is
keyed on the shaft 4S, and thus the inclined plano 19 also turns the fountain.
roller. In order to control the number of ratchet teeth that the pawl 53 may
take, a guard 55 is made to slide under its point, and lift it out of contact
with the ratchet teeth. By withdrawing the guard more or less from under
the pawl, the latter in its forward vibrations will run past the end of the
guard, and drop into the ratchet and carry it forward one or more teeth.
The finger rod 56 (see Fig. 4) is placed in a groove in that portion of the

page_text: cylinder that never prints, and turns in suitable bearings. The fingers 57,
57, are fixed on the rod 56 by set screws, so as to be adjustable, and are
closed against the cylinder by a spiral torsional spring, one end of which
is attached to the cylinder, and the other end to an adjustable collar 59.
On the finger rod 60 is a crank on the outer end of the finger rod, and is
furnished with a friction roller at the extreme end, and as the tumbler
arm 37 rises to catch the cylinder, it strikes, lifts the crank 60, and thus
opens the fingers to receive a sheet.
The feed board 61 is supported on uprights from the side frames. The lower
end is hinged, and extends down partly under the impression cylinder 24 in
front of the fingers, leaving sufficient space, however, between the end of tho
board 61 and the cylinder 24. In front of this space the points of the feed
guides 62 rise up nearly to the cylinder, and against these the sheet of paper
is placed. These feed guides are fixed to a bar 63 that runs across the
machine just under the point of the feed board, and are adjustable both
sideways and lengthways, so as to suit different sized sheets. A crooked
arm 64 runs out from the tumbler 32, and under the jointed end of the feed
board, and at the proper time-lifts-it-and the-sheet of-paper-on-it-up-over-
the points of the feed guides to the cylinder, and thus brings the sheet in a
position to be taken by the fingers 57 attached to the cylinder.
The shape and position of the cam 33 on the crank shaft 9 is such that
just at the termination of the forward movement of the travelling bed and
the cylinder 24 it causes the arms of the tumbler 32 to clasp the cylinder,and
at the same time open the fingers and drop the point of the feed board 6.1.
While the bed is running back a sheet is placed in the proper position on
the feed board 61, and just as the bed reaches the end of its backward
movement the cam 33 recedes, and the spiral spring 35 on the rod 34
returns the tumbler arms to their former position, liberates the cylinder 21,
raises the point of the feed board 61, and with it the sheet up to the
cylinder, and closes the fingers on to the sheet, at the same time the pawl
on the wheel 29 falls behind the projection on the cylinder 24, and as the
bed commences to move forward it carries the cylinder and sheet with it.
As the fingers and sheet arrive at the tape pulleys 65 (see Fig. 9) the
crank 60 on the end of the finger rod 56 runs under the stationary cam 66,
and opens the fingers; the delivering tapes 67, 67, 67, that pass around the
cylinder under the sheet throw the front edge off in between a series of endless
tapes that by the succeeding revolutions of the cylinder conduct it up over the
rollers 68, 69, and 70 in the upright frame 71, and down before the fly
frame 72. This fly frame is worked by the fly can 73 on the crank shaft 9,

page_text: through the connecting rod 74, one end of which rod 74 carries a friction
other end is jointed to an
This cam 13 at the proper
roller 75 that runs on the cam 73, while the
arm 76 on the end of the fly frame shaft 77.
time raises the fly frame up, and holds it there while the sheet runs down in
front of it, when it liberates it, and allows the spiral spring 80, attached to an
arm 81, on the opposite end of the fly frame shaft, to throw the frame and
sheet down on the fly board or delivering table S2. The fly board turns on
pivots at 83, and can be raised up against the fly frame, so as to leave the
form of type exposed to view. The feed board 61 can also be raised up in
a similar manner against the opposite side of the uprights 71. 84, 84, are
tightening and guide pulleys for the delivering tapes; they are fixed on a
shaft 85 that turns loosely in its bearings, and has a counterweight 86 to
keep the tapes at equal tension.
Under this head of the Invention I claim the arrangement of parts whereby
the sheets to be printed may be fed to the under side of the impression
cylinder.
I also claim the arrangement herein set forth of the several parts, or any
mere modification thereo f,for the purpose of giving to the impression cylinder
alternate periods of rest and motion; and also the mode herein set forth
of releasing the impression cylinder, raising the feed board and sheet to the
cylinder,and closing the fingers on to the sheet by oncand the same operation,
as above described.
I further claim the manner of moving both the ink-feeding roller 46 and
fountain roller from the arm 50; and also the use of the rollers 68 and 69,
for the purpose of increasing the distance travelled by the sheet between the
cylinder 24 and the fly frame 72,so that at the termination of each revolution
of the cylinder a sheet, instead of being partly before the fly frame and
partly between the tapes, shall be entirely between the tapes, but just at the
point of issuing therefrom, so that the next revolution of the cylinder will
carry it down before the fly frame, and thence flown.
The next improvement relates to a smaller machine, which is usually called
a "job press." In this machine the type bed is placed in an inclined or nearly
perpendicular position, and is stationary. The platen is mounted on an axis,
so that when the paper is fed on to it, the platen by turning on its axis is
made to rise and bring the sheet against the type, which is inked by a self-
acting inking apparatus that runs on guides placed beside the type bod. The
inking fountain is placed above,and the inking apparatus rises up to it for its
supply. The platen is provided with guides or stops, against which the paper
is fed, and there are also a couple of light vibrating arms acting as a frisket,

page_text: whereby the paper is held on the platen, and is removed from the surface of
the type when printed. In this machine the paper is fed in, and taken off by
hand.
In Sheet II., Fig. 5 is a side elevation of the machine; Fig. 6 is an end
elevation from the front; Fig. 7, Shoet III., is an end elevation from the
rear, and Fig. 8 is a vertical longitudinal section shewing the type bed, platen,
and inking apparatus.
The side framing of the machine is seen at 1, 1, and is connected together
by the cross pieces 2, 2, 2, and 3, to the latter of which the type bed 4 (seen
best in the sectional view, Fig. 8), is secured in an inclined position; 5 is
the fly wheel and driving pulley combined,and is keyed on the driving shaft 6.
In Figures 5 and 7,7 is the driving pinion running loosely on the shaft 6, and
coupled, when in motion, with the clutch 8. This clutch is for stopping the
machine, and slides in and out of gear with the pinion 7, by means of the
hand lever 9, which carries a fork fitting into a groove in the clutch; 10 is a
toothed driving wheel keyed on the main shaft 11, together with the impres-
sion cams 12, 12, and the inking roller cain 13. Projecting from the main
shaft 11 is the arm 14, through which and the cams-12,-12, and-13 the-bolt
15 runs for the purpose of securing the whole firmly together. The impression
cams 12, 12, in revolving give motion through the friction rollers 15, 16, and
arms 17, 17, to the platen 18, which swings upon its centres at 19, Fig. 5,
and raises it up to give an impression from the form of type 20 on the bed 4,
and then returns and rests in its former position (as shewn in Fig. 5) for
about one third of a revolution of the cams 12, which gives sufficient time to
take off and lay on the sheets of paper. The type is locked up in the chase 21,
which is fastened to the bed by cramps, as shewn in Fig. 8. This bed is
secured to the cross piece 3 by the centre bolt 22, which has a flat spring
under its head bearing upon the back of the cross piece 3, thereby serving to
keep the bed in contact with the points of the four impression scrows 23, 23.
It will, therefore, be seen that by turning these screws the impression is
regulated. In Fig. 8, 24 is the ink-distributing cylinder, which is driven from
the shaft 6 (Fig. 5) by means of the grooved pulleys 25 and 26, and the band
27; 28 is the ink fountain, and 29 the ink scraper, which is adjusted to the
fountain roller 30 by means of the regulating screws 31, 31, &c., and thus
regulates the flow of ink. The ink-feeding roller 32 supplies ink to the dis-
tributing cylinder 24, in the following manuer :-The platen 18 in rising
strikes against the set screws 33 in the ends of the projections 34 in the
vibrating levers 35. The ink-feeding roller 32 rests in bearings in the upper
ends of these levers 35,and is thus carried from the distributing cylinder 24 to

page_text: the fountain roller 30, and the same motion turns the fountain roller a little
by means of the pawl 36, which is jointed to one of the vibrating levers 35
and acts against one of the teeth of the ratchet 37 on the end of the fountain
roller. When the platen returns and leaves the set screws 33, a spring
throws the roller 32 back again in contact with the distributing cylinder 24
39 is the vibrating ink roller, lying on the distributing cylinder 21, and
turning in bearings in the crooked levers 40, 40. These levers swing in
centre in the brackets 41, 41, which project from the cross piece 3. The
roller 39 receives its vibrating motion from the right and left threaded
screw 42 and its fork 43; 44 is a counterbalance weight on the opposite end
of the roller shaft. The rollers 45, 45, for inking the form of type run in
adjustable bearings in the roller frame 46, and derive their pressure upon
the type and distributing cylinder from the springs and screws 47, 47. The
pressure of these rollers on the form of type may be regulated by the springs,
and they ink the form in the following manner:-The inking-roller cam 13
on the main shaft 11, when revolving, gives motion through the friction
roller 48 on the lever 49 and the link 50 to the inking-roller frame 46.
The shape and position of this cam is such that during the time in which
the platen 18 is at rest the inking-roller frame is carried down and up in
the guides 51, over the surface of the type. While the impression is being
given the roller frame remains up in such a position that the inking rollers
are kopt in contact, and revolve with the distributing cylinder 24.
In Fig. 5, 52 and 53 are side and bottom feed guides on the platen for
placing the sheets to be printed against; they are held in position by the
screws 54, which pass through slots in them, and by which they are adjusted.
55, 55, are two holders or friskets for the purpose of keeping the sheet in its
proper place on the platen 18, and also for withdrawing it from the surface of
the type when the impression has been made, and the platen recedes. These
holders slide on the rod 56, so as to fall on the margins of the sheet, and are
fixed by a set screw. As the platen recedes they follow it down by the
pressure of the outside spiral spring 57, (Fig. 5) acting against the arm 58,
until the arm 59 on the opposite end of the rod strikes against the stop 60;
they then remain stationary, while the platen drops to its state of rest, and
while they are in this position the printed sheet is taken off, and a blank oue
put on.
In Figures 5 and 6, 61 and 62 are paper tables, the one to receive
and support the blank sheets, and the other to receive the printed ones from
the machine; 63 is the treadle, and is connected with the driving shaft 6 by
the connecting rods 64, 64, and crank pins 65, 65, so that the machine may
be driven by the foot or by power.

page_text: In Sheets IV. and V. I have shewn various views of a machine, which is a
modification of that just described, but is intended to be used more particularly
for printing cards and small jobs of all kinds. Fig. 9, Sheet IV., is a side
elevation of the machine; Fig. 10, Sheet V., is a longitudinal sectional]
elevation of the same; Fig. 11, Sheet IV., is an end elevation, and Fig. 12,
Sheet V., is a sectional plan view; Figs. 13, 14, and 15, Sheet V., are
detached views of the platen and its appendages. The side standards of the
framing of the machine are seen at 1, 1, and are fastened together by the
stretchers or transverse bars 2, 2, and the cross beain 3. The machine is
actuated by means of the treadle 4, which is connected to a crank pin on the
fly wheel 5 by the connecting rod 6. A pinion 7 is keyed on the fly wheel
shaft 8, and gears into and gives motion to the main wheel 9 on the end of
the main shaft 10. The type bed 11 is fixed to the beam 3 in an inclined
position by a centre bolt 12, having a spring 13 under its head, and adjusting
set screw 14, 14, at each corner. The form of type 15 is placed on the lower
side of this bed, and the vibrating platen 16, on which the paper to be printed
is placed, has two arms 17, 17, projecting downwards, and jointed at-18,
while the upper end is drawn squarely up against the type 15 to give the
impression. This is done by two crank pins 19, 19, one in the main wheel 9,
fixed on one end of the main shaft 10, and the other in the cam 20 (see
Fig. 9) fixed on the other end of the main shaft. Each of these crank pins
has its connecting rod 21, 21, the lower ends of which are attached to the
ends of a rod 22 that runs across and lies in a groove on the under side of
the platen. But in order that the platen may have a period of rest to allow
the necessary time to take off and put on a sheet of paper, the crank pins are
arranged to give more motion than the platen requires, and consequently as
they revolve, when the platen strikes and rests against its stops in a con.
venient position to lay on the paper, the rod 22 leaves its groove, and slides
down the inclined groove 23 (Figures 9 and 10), and returns again towards
the platen.
In order to give an easy motion to the platen in stopping and starting, a
lever 24 is jointed to it at one side, the lower and shorter end of which is
curved, and as the platen falls back, strikes and rolls on the top rail of the side
frame at 25 (Fig. 9), while its upper and longer end projects up behind
the rod 22, against which it presses. As the platen continues to fall back
the lower end of the lever, in consequence of its rolling shape, is constantly
changing nearer to its pivot the point of contact with the frame; but the
motion of the lever at the pivot decreases in proportion to the distance between
the pivot and point of contact with the framo; and as the platen is attached

page_text: to the pivot it follows that the motion of the platen must be a constantly
decreasing one until it finally rests on its stop, and the rod 22 slides down
the inclined groove, as before described. In order to miss an impression,
when desired, the rod 22 is made slightly excentric in the part between the
connecting rods 21, 21, and has at one side a small handle and disc 26
(Fig. 9), and this latter has two grooves opposite each other, into which a
spring catch drops, and holds it in either position. Ordinarily the excentric
or raised portion of the rod bears against the platen, but when it is desired to
miss an impression the rod is turned one-half of a revolution, and the sunk or
lower portion bears against the platen which, of course, does not come quite
in contact with the type. A small fountain, 27, is placed at the rear end of
the machine; the roller of this fountain turns by a ratchet 28 on one end of
its shaft, and is operated by a pawl 29 on the lever 30. This lover swings on
the fountain roller shaft, and has on its outer end a projection that extends
sideways sufficiently far beyond the side frame to pass under the point of the
arm 31. The arm 31 is hinged to the fly-wheel shaft S, and is pressed down
at the proper time by the passage of the cam 32 fixed to the rim of the main
wheel 9, and of course carries the lever and pawl down with it, and slightly
turns the fountain roller. When the cam 32 has passed, the flat spring 33,
on the outside of the frame, throws the lever pawl and arm up to their
original position. An ink-distributing cylinder 34 is fixed on and revolves
with the fly-wheel shaft S, and the ink is brought from the fountain roller to
its surface by the intermittent, oscillating, and vibrating action of the compo-
sition roller 35. The frame 36 of this roller is supported by the shaft 7,
which it clasps loosely, and the oscillating motion is given by the curved
shape of the arm 31, which, as it descends to turn the fountain roller, also
strikes against the frame 36, and presses the roller over into contact with the
fountain roller from which it receives its ink. As it rises the spiral spring 38
throws the roller back against the distributing cylinder 34, which it. thereby
supplies with ink. The vibrating or lateral notion of the roller 35, which is
for the purpose of spreading the ink, is given by the side cam 39 (Fig. 10),
which is fixed on the inner side of the main wheel 9, and acts on the friction
roller 40, and through the lever 41 communicates motion to the oscillating
roller frame 36, which is thus drawn in one direction, and thereby compresses
the spiral spring on the shaft 37, and as the side cam 39 recedes the spring
presses the frame and roller 35 back to their original position. As the
roller 35 becomes smaller by use, the fountain 27 can be moved up towards
it, and be secured by the thumb-screws 42, 42.
The inking rollers 43, 43, (Fig. 10,) are made to ink the form in the

page_text: following manner :-44, (Fig. 9,) is a vibrating lever, jointed to the side
frame at 45, and its upper end bears against and receives motion from the
periphery of the cam 20 on the main shaft 10. On the lower end of the
lever 44 is the toothed segment 46, which gears into and imparts motion to
the pinion 47 on the shaft 37; on this shaft is fixed the wheel 48, which gears
into and puts in motion the straight rack 49 and inking roller carriage 50,
with its rollers 43, 43, which are thus caused to rise in the guides and ink the
form of type 15, (Fig. 10,) and then descend to their original position by their
own weight. The pressure of the inking rollers 43 on the surface of the type
is regulated by the spiral springs and tightening screws 51. In order to hold
the sheet of paper firmly against the platen while being printed, and also to
bring it off from the type a clasp bar 52, (see Fig. 25,) is jointed to the lower
part of the platen, and has a short arm 53 (Fig. 10) at one end extending]
out from it, to which is attached one end of the connection 54; the other end
joins a somewhat similar arm 55 (Fig. 13) that swings on one end of the
pivots of the platen 16. A clasp 56 is fixed on the bar 52 by the bolts and
-thumb nuts 58, and can be adjusted so as to always fall on the margin of the
different sized sheets by slots 59, through which these bolts pass. A flat
spring 60, fixed to the frame, and bearing on a pin in the lower arm 55, keeps
the clasp pressed on the edge of the sheet. As the platen falls back and
nearly reaches its lowest position the arm 55 strikes a stop pin in the frame,
which stops it, and also the clasp, while the platen falls back to a state of rest,
and liberates the sheet. 61 is an adjustable feed guide bar that lies across
the face of the platen under the clasp, and like it can be moved up and down
to suit the different sized sheets by slots 62 in the side arms 63, to which it is
attached. These arms turn freely on the shaft of the clasp bar 52, and are
kept drawn tightly against the face of the platen by the spiral spring 64
attached to one of them. In printing small cards moveable grooved guides
are used to conduct the cards down to the forn, and it is desirable that the
cards should not be withdrawn like sheets, but should drop into a box. To
accomplish this a projection 65 rises up from oue of the side arms 63 on to
which an arm 66 is put. This arm reaches out towards the main shaft, aud
as the platen falls back it is struck by the cam 32 on the main wheel in its
revolution; this presses it down and lifts the feed guide bar 61, and also the
clasp 52 that lies over it entirely clear from the platen, and thus allows the
card to drop into the box 67 below. 68 is a guard to keep the dropping card
from touching the inking rollers. Large cards are withdrawn in the same
manner as paper. 69 is a rest for the hand of the operator; 70, 70, are
receptacles, one for the blank, and the other for the printed sheets.

page_text: The several Figures in Sheet VI. represent various views of a machine
intended for printing cards, tickets, and work of a similar kind; it is a
modification of the one just described, the form of type and the platen being
placed in an inclined position, but the type bed has a slight motion given to it
in order to impart the impression to the cards. Fig. 16 is a side elevation of
the machine; Fig. 17 is a longitudinal vertical section; Fig. 18 is an end
elevation from the rear of the machine; and Fig. 10 is an angular section
through the line c, d. The side standards of the framing of the machine are
seen at 1,1,and are joined together by the stretchers or transverse bars 2,2,2.
In Figures 18 and 19, 3 is the crank for driving the machine, and is fixed to
one end of the shaft 4, on the other end of which is mounted the fly wheel
and driving pinion 6; Fig. 16; this latter gears into and drives the main
wheel and its shaft 8, to which it is keyed. The impression can 9
(Figures 16, 17, and 18,) is also keyed on this shaft near the centre, and runs
against the friction roller 10 attached to the type bed 11, and at the proper
time forces it up towards the platen 12 to give the impression. The form of
this cam 9 (see Fig. 17) is such that about one half of its revolution is
occupied in moving the bed, which during the other half of the revolution
remains stationary. The bed slides in grooved guides 13, 13, and as the cam 9
leaves it is drawn down by its gravity. The platen frame 14 has two arms
that run down and are jointed to the frame at 15 (see Figures 16 and 17); it
is kept in its place to receive the impression from the form of type on the bed
by lying on two projections on the side franes, and having a round bar 16
passed through the ears of the frame behind it; this bar is made tapering, so
as to be easily drawn out and allow the platen frame to be thrown over, and
the face of the platen 12 exposed, as seen in Fig. 17. The platen 12 is
attached to the platen frame by a central bolt that has a flat spring 17 under
its head, the ends of which bear on the frame, and hold the platen up. Four
adjusting screws 18, 18, running through the platen frame, one bearing on
each corner of the platen,serve to adjust the platen, and regulatetheimpression.
The ink-distributing cylinder 19 is fixed on the crank shaft 4, and the small
roller 20 is kept constantly in contact, and of course revolves with it by the
counterweight 21 attached to its swinging frame 22. This small roller 20 has
also a lateral motion given to it; thus the bottom bar 23, Fig. 16, of the
swinging frame is square, and slides in square holes through the guides 21.
One end of the bar overhangs the guides, and has a fork 25 that embraces
the edge of the disc cam 26, fixed on the outer end of the main shaft S. The
shape of this cam 26 is such as to give the bar, and of coursethestnall roller20,
a lateral orvibratorymotion that materially aids in the distribution of the ink.

page_text: The rollers 27 (see Fig. 17), for inking the form of type are put in a roller
frame 28, and roll in contact with the distributing cylinder 19, from which
they receive their ink while the impression is being taken from the form of
type. As the bed begins to recede from the platen the rollers 27 commence
their movement over the form,and are actuated by the following means:-The
roller frame 26 slides in grooved guides 29, aud at its lower extremity there is
a short link 30 that connects the roller frame to the long arm of the bell
crank lever 31. The short arm 32 of this lever is furnished with a friction
roller 33, that runs on the periphery of the cam 34 on the side of the main
wheel 7. The form and position of this cam is such as to cause the
inking rollers 27 to descend and rise before the form, and thus ink it
while the bed is stationary. There being no ink fountain to the ma-
chine, the ink is applied by hand, and 35 is a.kuob on the roller frame for
holding-the-rollers up in contact with the distributing cylinder, while the
crank is turned so as to distribute the ink before it is put on the form by
the inking rollers. 30 is the feed guide frame, and is hinged on the same
joint with the platen frame (see Figures 17 and 19), and like it rests on
the side frame,and can swing back and leave the bed and form entirelyexposed..
The grooved feed guides 37 are attached to the upper bar of this frame, and
are adjustable to suit the different sized cards which they conduct down in
front of the form to be printed; 38 is an adjustable stop to prevent the card
from dropping too far until the impression is given, and is attached to the
card box 39. This box is also hinged to the same joint as the platen frame,
and is held in position by a weighted lever 40 on the outside of the machine
that is operated by a can 41 on the hub of the main wheel 7. As the bed
recedes after the impression is given this cam causes the stop 38 to fall a
little when the card slips over it, and down into the card box 39 below (see
Fig. 17); 42 is a receptacle for the cards before being printed, and is move-
able by having a shank that slips in a square hole in the side frame.
Under this head of the Invention I claim arranging the various parts as
herein set forth, so that the platen frame and platen may be thrown back
when required, thereby leaving the feed guides and form exposed. I also
claim throwing the feed guide frame and feed guides back so as to leave the
form exposed for adjustment, or any other purpose. And in reference to the
inachine shewn in Sheets II. and III. I claim the combination of the
inclined type bed with the vibrating platen, and also the use of the sheet
holders arranged as herein-above specified so as to be kept up a little distance
from the platen when in position to receive the sheet, and moving with the
platen to the form in order to hold the sheets thereon, and draw them

page_text: from the types also with the gauges for registering the sheets. I also
claim the mode or means herein-above described for keeping the sheet holders
up froin the platen when the sheet is to be placed. And in reference to
the card printing machines shewn in Sheets IV., V., and VI., I claim the
general arrangement of the parts herein set forth, or any mere modification
hereof, whereby the several motions required may be produced.
The next improvement also relates to machines which are applicable for
all kinds of job work of small size. In this instance the type bed is fixed
or stationary, but is placed in a horizontal position. The platen is mounted
above the type bed, and when the paper is fed in the platen is brought down
to receive the impression. The paper is carried in under the plate by
means of fingers, and the type is inked by means of inking rollers which
are made to travel over it.
In Sheet VII., Fig. 20 is a side clevation of the front of the machine.
Fig. 21 is a side elevation of the rear side of the machine; Fig. 22 is a plan
of the machine. The two side standards of the fraining of the machine are
shewn at 1, 1, and are connected together by the cross ties 2, 2, 2, 2. The
type bed is firmly bolted to the side frames, and upon it is the form of type 4.
Directly over the bed and type 4 is suspended the platen 5, which being hinged
to the frame at A, A, and having its plane surface on its under side, is made
to give the impression by swinging or vibrating downward against the surface
of the type. This platen is kept from falling by its own weight against the
type by a spiral spring 6 situated near one of the hinges A, A, and which
presses the platen upwards; 7 is the driving shaft on which a pinion 8
(Figures 20 and 22) is mounted. This pinion gears into the wheel 9 in the
end of the ink cylinder shaft, to which shaft the ink cylinder 10 (Fig. 22) is
also fixed. The pinion S also drives the large toothed wheel 11 (Figures 20
and 22), which is on one side, and also the disc 12, Fig. 21, on the opposite
side of the press by the shaft 13, to which the wheel 11 and disc 12 are firmly
fixed. On the outer surface of the wheel 11, and also of the disc 12, at a
point one side of the centre of motion, are fixed the wrist or crank pins 14,14,
which with the connecting rods 15, 15, and the slots 16, 16, on their lower
ends, the square rod 17 that joins their upper ends, and the cavity or groove
18 in the platen constitute (by the continued rotation of the shaft 13) the
means of giving the impression, and of giving to the platen 5 its period of rest
while the printed sheet is being removed. Although the cavity 18 in the
platen, and the slots 16, 16, are both described, yet either one alone can be
adopted with precisely the same effect. To prevent an impression being taken
at any time it is thrown off by withdrawing the blocks 19, 19, on the platen 5,

page_text: by means of the rod and handle 20, Fig. 22, (which are connected to the
blocks) from beneath the ends of the square rod 17, so as to allow it to
descend further in the cavity 18, and not press the platen so far as to give
an impression. The use of these moveable blocks or wedges, and their con-
rections, is part of this Invention; 21 is the carriage which carries the frisket
frame 22, and ink rollers 23, 23, which ink the type. This carriage has a
horizontallongitudinal movement in grooves in the side frames of the machine.
The necessary motions and periods of rest are given to this carriage by the
cam groove 24, shewn by dots in Figures 20 and 21 on the inner surface of
the large gear 11.
The vibrating segmental rack 25 which is hinged to the frame at 26 carries
on its outer surfacea roller, shewn by dots in Fig. 20, which fits into and follows
the cam groove 24, and receives a motion which it imparts to the carriage 21
by means of the pinion 27 on the shaft 28. The small wheels 29, 29,-in-turn
gear into the rack 30 on the carriage 21 (Figures 20 and 22). The pinion
-27-and wheels 29, 29, are firmly fixed to the shaft which runs across the
machine 28. The frisket frame 22 which carries the series of fingers 31, 31,
on their rod 32, and the adjustable clasps or nippers 33, 33, are hinged to the
carriage 21 at 34, and will swing down towards the type as the platen descends,
and which is pressed with its sheet of paper to get an impression. There being
springs attached to the carriage and bearing up under the frame at 35
(Figures 20 and 22), it will rise as the pressure of the platen is removed by
its upward motion. As this frame has its centre of motion near that of the
platen the paper held between the fingers 31 and nipper plate 36, and resting
also on the upper side of the adjustable clasps 33, 33, will always be pressed
evenly and properly down to the type. The clasps 3,33, are made to be set by
the slots 37,37, and screws, as the size of the sheet of paper may require, so that
their inner edges will come under one margin of the sheet; the immovable
nippers 31,31,which have hold of the opposite margin govern this adjustment.
The frisket frame 22 is made to swing upward when its carriage 21 is nearthe
extremity of its outward movement, by means of the inclined planes 38, 38.
(Figures 20 and 21,) against which the frame in moving out comes in contact
and is lifted. The frame 22 is lifted at this point, so that the upper surface of
the plate 36 may come just beneath the margin of the sheet which projects
over the edge of the feed table 39. The fingers 31, 31, having previously been
lifted, as seen in Fig. 21, come over the same margin, so that just previous to
the return of the carriage, they may drop, and with the plate 36 take hold of
the margin of the sheet which is to be printed. The nippers 31, 31, are closed
by the spiral spring 40, which is placed on and operates the sliding rod 41,

page_text: this rod being pivoted to the crank 42 on the end of the rod 32. The rod 41
passes through a guide on the frame 22, and has an arm on it which comes in
contact (as the carriage 21 moves out) with the upper end of the vibrating
lever 43, and is made to slide in its guide and open the nippers. The lever 43
is operated by a pin 44 on the inner surface of the wheel 11, bearing against
it's lower end (as dotted in Fig. 21). The pin at the proper time moves away
from and allows the lever to drop and the nippers to close by the force of the
spring 40. The feed table on which the sheets to be printed are laid is
inclined and supported from the frame by the standards 45. A short roller 46
is placed in the centre of the machine just in front of and below the feed table
at such a height that the printed sheet, when coming out on the frisket frame
22, will just pass over it. A tape passes around this roller and also around the
delivering roller 47; another roller 48 is placed above and back of the roller
46, and just under the lower edge of the feed table, and runs in arms attached
to the rod 49 that is fixed to the feed table standards. Another tape
passes around this roller, and also around the flying rollers 50, 50. These two
tapes run in contact with each other, and are driven by the band 51, running
from the pulley 52 on the driving shaft to the pulley 53 on the delivering roller
shaft, and the edge of the printed sheet as it comes out on the frisket frame is
caught between the delivering tapes and carried up under the feed table, over
the delivering roller, and down in front of the fly frame 54, by which it is
thrown down on the fly table 55. This fly frame is operated by a fly
cam 56, attached to the disc 12, acting on the friction roller 57, on the
sliding bar 58, and causing it to slide endwise and compress the spring 59.
The other end of this bar is jointed to the short arm 60, which is fastened
to the end of the fly frame shaft 61. and thus gives motion to it. The shape
aud position of the fly cam is such that the excentric portion slowly raises the
fly frame up to the position shewn in the Drawings, while the sheet of paper
is passing up between the delivering tapes, the concentric portion holds it
there while the sheet is running down in front of the fly frames, but just as
the rear end of the sheet issues out from between the rollers 47 and 50, the
cam 56 releases the sliding bar 58, which the spring 59 at once presses back,
and thus throws both fly frame and sheet down on the fly table. To support
the ends of the sheet while passing up between the delivering tapes the plates
62, 62, are placed one on each side of them to sustain it, and to these plates
the short roller 46 is fixed by means of the arms 63, 6%. By using the
vibrating platen 5 it is not necessary that the form be placed in the centre of
the bed 3, in order to ensure an even impression, as the series of nippers 31, 31,
and their plate are fixed; one margin or edge of the form is placed alongside of

page_text: these nippers, at such a distance as the required margin on the printed sheet
may determine; the finger nippers taking hold of this margin on one side of
the sheet as it projects froin the feed table 39 before mentioned. The
clasps 33 are adjusted so that their inner edges or ends will come under the
opposite margin of the sheet wherever that may be. In case of printing large
sheets it sometimes may be necessary to draw some strings from holes in
the inner edge of the clasps to corresponding ones in the plate 36, 36, so that
the side margins of the sheets will rest on them, thereby forming (with the
plates 36, 36, and clasps 33, 33,) a frame as it were (excepting the space
between the clasps and frames 22 at 64, which is made for the short roller
46 and tapes), upon which the sheet rests when on its inward movement, and
while being removed from the type, and also in its outward movement until
removed by the tapes. The frame 22, and also the carriage 21, are bent in
a rectangular form at 64 downwards, so that when the carriage and frame
move outwardly they may pass freely underneath the short roller 46, and the
lower end of the tapes used to take the sheets off. The clasps 33, 33, are
separated a little distance apart, sufficiently to admit the tapes between them,
when the frame 22 on which they are fixed moves in or out, so that the edge
of the paper at that part of the sheet which reaches across the space between
the clasps 33, 33, at 64 (whether the sheet be large or small), will come in
'contact with the tapes in the course of the outward movement of the carriage,
and be carried off and flown as before described. In this peculiar arrange-
ment of the clasps or nippers 33, 33, and the space between them and the
displacing or cutting away the frame and carriage where they come in range
with the tapes so as to allow a free passage for them to the edge of the
different sized sheets is found one of the important features of the Invention.
The operation of the several parts is as follows:-A sheet of plain paper is
laid on the feed table 39, with its edge projecting over the lower edge of the
table, and the machine being put in motion the carriage moves out and the
frisket frame 22 rises, the fingers 31 lift and come above, and the plate 36
beneath the sheet; then they close on the edge of the paper; the carriage
then moves inward, and the paper falls on the clasps 33, 33, and is by them
partly supported; when the paper arrives under the platen the impression is
taken, the clasps pressing the paper against the platen as it moves down and
upward again by means of the spring 35, 35, which are under the frame, and
aid in separating the paper from the form; when this is done the carrigge
moves outward, the delivering tapes enter into the space between the clasps
83, 33.
When the sheet strikes it it is carried upward by the delivering
tapes, and is deposited by the fly frame, and the nippers having previously

page_text: been lifted by means of the lever 43, the carriage now comes to a state of
rest previous to its return again.
Under this head of the Invention I claim the inclined delivering tapes, or
their equivalent, and the clasps 33, 33, arranged in combination with the
frisket frame 22, and its rectangular depression 64, or their equivalents, for
the purpose specified.
I also claim the stationary nippers 31, 31, and adjustable claps 33, 33, or
their equivalents, in combination with the delivering tapes or their equivalent,
and also the delivering tapes in combination with the sheet-supporting plates
62, 62, for the purpose specified.
I further claim raising the frame 22 by its own outward movement, and
also the inclined planes 38, 38, the crank 42, sliding rod 41, spring 40, and
lever 43, when the same are arranged and operate substantially as above
described.
I also clain the carriage 21 in combination with the vibrating frisket
frame 22, or its equivalent, and also the combination of the blocks 19, 19,
and rod 17.
Lastly, I claim the use of the feed table 39 in combination with the sheet-
supporting plates 63, 63, and delivering tapes or their equivalents, as above
described.
The next and last improvement relates to a novel mode of mounting the
inking rollers of printing machines so that they may, when required, be thrown
back from the distributing surface and the form of type. This movement is
effected by means of certain mechanical appliances adapted to the ends of the
rollers, by operating which the inking rollers and frame may be slightly lifted
away from the distributing or type surfaces, and, if desired, may be 'thrown
altogether out of gear. This improvement will be found very useful in large
machines where there are several sets of inking rollers, as the latter may,
when the machine is at rest, be set a little distance away from the inking
table or distributing surface, thereby preventing either the rollers or inking
surface from being marked by being allowed to remain for some time in
contact. In order to obviate this inconvenience in the machines heretofore
constructed, it has been the practice to remove the iuking rollers altogether
from the machine, but by means of the present Invention the necessity for
resorting to this measure may be avoided.
This improvement is intended to apply more particularly to the machine
known as the type-revolving printing machine, and is shewn in Sheet VIII.of
the Drawings as adapted to a machine of this description. The improvement
consists in adapting to the radial arms that carry the inking or form rollers

page_text: a lever or lifter by means of which they can be lifted clear from the ink.
distributing surface, and thus they are free to turn round so that paper or any
other substance that may chance to get on them may be easily taken off.
Fig. 23 is a side elevation of so much of a four-cylinder type revolving
machine as is necessary to show the application of the present improvement.
A portion of the right-hand end of the machine, and also the fly frames of the
left-hand end of the machine, are omitted to avoid unnecessary complication.
.Fig. 24 is a half-size side view of one of the radial arms with the lifter and
other attachments; Fig. 25 is a transverse section of the same. In the
different views the same figures of reference denote like parts. The two side
standards 11 of the framing are fixed to the foundation plate 2; 3 is the type
cylinder revolving on its bearings in the side frames, and 4,4,are the radialarins
with the inking roller bearings 5 and inking rollers 6, 6, on their outer ends.
As the type cylinder revolves these rollers û roll over the ink-distributing sur-
face 7 of the type cylinder 3; but as the form approaches the cams S, 8, Fig. 23,
on the shaft. of the type cylinder 3 operate against the friction rollers 9,9, on
the inner ends of the radial arms; they are thus pressed out from the centre
about one quarter of an inch while the form passes under them and is inked.
The radial arms are then again pressed inward by the spiral springs 10,10,
until the stop pins 11, 11, rest on the side frames 1, see Figs. 24 and 25;
12, 12, Fig. 25, are the lifters, and are simply short shafts running through
holes in the side frames 1 in front of the radial arms 4, and provided with a
weighted lever 13 on their outer ends. These levers 13, by their weight, hang
always in a perpendicular position. The inner ends of the shafts 12 pass
through square holes in the radial arms 4, and a flat is cut on one side of this
end of the shafts at 14 nearly to the centre of their diameter, and in such a
position that when the outside lever 18 hang perpendicular the flat sides 14
are at right angles to the line of the radial arms 4, at the same time, when
these arms are pressed in towards the centre, as when the inking rollers 6,6,
are on the ink-distributing surface 7, the square holes in them are in such a
position that the outer side nearly touches the flats on the ends of the lifter
shafts 12. If, while the radial arms 4 are in this position, the lifters 12 are
moved one quarter of a turn, so as to bring the outside levers 13 in a hori-
zontal position, the flats 14 on their ends will, by pressing against the outer
side of the square holes in the arms 4, force them out from the centre about
three-sixteenths of an inch; of course, therefore, the inking rollers 6, 6, will
be lifted clear from the ink-distributing surface 7, and are at liberty to turn
round while paper or any other foreign substance is removed from their
surface. The pressure of the arms against the lifters caused by the spiral

page_text: springs 10, 10, is sufficient to prevent the outside levers from bringing them
back to their original position, and thus the arms and rollers are held out. If
the machine should be started without turning the lifters back the cams 8, 8,
Fig. 23, as they pass the friction rollers 9, 9, will touch and force them and
the arms 4 out about one-sixteenth of an inch further, and thus relieve the
pressure against the lifters, which, by the gravity of the outside weighted
lever, will turn back to their original position, leaving the arms 4 and
rollers 6 free to be pressed in towards the centro by the spiral springs 10, 10,
as before, after the cams and form have passed. A small groove 15 is
turned in the shaft of the lifter 12, into which the point of a set screw
enters, which allows the lifter to be turned round and yet prevents it from
being withdrawn from its place.
Under the above head of the Invention I claim the mode above described,
or any equivalent arrangement, for mounting and operating the inking rollers
6, 6, so that they may, when required, be moved out clear from the ink-
distributing surface 7 for the purpose above described. I also claim moving
the inking rollers 6, 6, out from the distributing surface 7 a little less distance
than they are thrown by the cams 8, 8, on the shaft of the type cylinder while
the form is passing in connexion with the weighted levers 13, or their equi-
valent, so that if oue or more sets of rollers should be left out when the form
passes they are pressed out a little farther and ink the type properly, and at
the same time the pressure on the lifters 12 being thus removed, the weighted
levers 13, by their gravity, bring the lifters back to their original position.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Newton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal. this Twenty-second day of November, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
W. E. NEWTON. (1-8.)