IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGES
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Lenny, of Croydon, in the County of Surrey,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Lenny at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
October 1855.
I, CHARLES LENNY, of Croydon, in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGES
follows (that is to say) :-
My Invention consists in an improved construction of carriage, consisting
of a single body, capable of accommodating four persons, seated in couples,
back to back. In the centre of the said body is an opening or vertical slot,
through which the axle works, the said axle being mounted upon concentric
springs attached to each side of the carriage body, the top portion of the sides
of the said body being of wicker work, and of an arched or shell-like form.
10
5
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Charles Lenny in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
22nd April 1856.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the nineteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Charles Lenny, Her special licence that I, the said Charles Lenny, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Charles
Lenny, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGES,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Charles Lenny, my exccu-
tors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or
one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain thọ
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Lenny, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings (that is to say):—
My Invention, which has reference to an improved construction of vehicle,
which I denominate the kophilon cart. or carriage, consists of a light, open,
framework body, provided with sides or wings extending over and above the
tyres or upper portions of the wheels in an arched or shell-like form, the
axles being secured through the intervention of improved double C springs to
the underneath fixings of the seat in such manner as to work freely within
the centre of the open frame of the said body. But in order that these my
said improvements may be more fully understood and readily carried into
effect, I now proceed to describe them by the aid of the accompanying
Drawings, reference being had to the letters and figures thereon marked
(that is to say):-
=
Fig. 1 represents a side elevation of a two-wheeled vehicle of my improved
construction; Fig. 2, a back or end elevation; Fig. 3, a top or plan view
thereof; Fig. 4, a transverse vertical section of the body on an enlarged scale,
taken through the dotted line in Fig. 2; Fig. 5, a vertical front view, enlarged,
of one of the springs; Fig. 6, a top or plan view of the same; Fig. 7, a
transverse vertical section, taken through the dotted line in Fig. 5; Fig. 8,

page_text: detached view of one of the union lug links; and Fig. 9, a front portion
of the lug, with the outer link removed. In each Figure the same letters of
reference denote similar corresponding parts. a, a, open framework body;
b, b, arched or shell-like sides or wings; c, c, top framing or seat, capable of
being adjusted to the accommodation of two or more persons; d, d, dash board;
c, e, shafts attached to the lower framing, extending throughout the entire
length of the said body in such manner that the line of draught may be below
the axis of the wheels upon which the carriage runs; f, axle; g, g, blocks,
securing the said springs to the underneath framing of the seat; h, h, springs;
i, i, lugs; j, j, side links; k, k, metallic connection forming and uniting the
side links together; 1, 1, coupling bar or brace, secured to the lugs by means
of bolts and nuts in like manner to the eyes m on the lower portions of the
springs, as shown; n, n, connecting lug bolts; o, o, nuts. Single or double
bodied vehicles may be constructed on the principle above described, but for
two-wheeled carriages I prefer an arrangement of seats by which the persons
may be conveniently seated in couples back to back, and the sides or wings,
where great lightness is required, to be formed of wicker work.
Having now fully described the nature of this my said Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, I would have it clearly under-
stood that I do not intend to confine myself to the precise details herein-before
set forth, as the same might be varied without departing from the general
principle of these my said improvements; neither do I confine myself to the
peculiar form of spring represented, as other springs might advantageously be
employed; but that which I do claim as new and of my said Invention is, the
general construction of carriages with arched or shell-like formed sides or
wings of wicker work panelling or otherwise, together with the improved union
lug and coupling bar, in the manner berein-before set forth and described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Lenny, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-first day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
Witness,
CHARLES LENNY. (L.s.)
F. R. DARKIN CAMPBELL,
Clerk to Messrs. Weatherdon & Co.,
77, Chancery Lane.