Ar APPARATUS FOR EVAPORATING FLUIDS, FOR THE PURPOSE OF CONVEYING HEAT INTO BUILDINGS, FOR MANUFACTURING, HORTICULTURAL, AND DOMESTIC USES, FOR HEATINGS LIQUIDS IN DISTILLING, BREWING, AND DYING, AND IN MAKING SUGAR AND SALT
Year: 1824

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
JOHNSON, of Great Totham, in the County of Essex, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Fourth did, by
His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of His United Kingdom, bearing
date at Westminster, the Fifth day of August. One thousand eight hundred
and twenty-four, in the Fifth year of His reign, give and grant unto me,
the said William Johnson, my exors, adñiors, and assigns, His especial
licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said William
Johnson, my exors, adiñors, and assigns, during the term of years therein
mentioned, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick upon Tweed, and also in
all His Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, my Invention of "Ar
APPARATUS FOR EVAPORATING FLUIDS, FOR THE PURPOSE OF CONVEYING HEAT INTO
BUILDINGS, FOR MANUFACTURING, HORTICULTURAL, AND DOMESTIC USES, FOR HEATINGS
LIQUIDS IN DISTILLING, BREWING, AND DYING, AND IN MAKING SUGAR AND SALT;" in
which said Letters Patent there is contained a proviso that if I, the said
William Johnson, shall not particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by an
instrument in writing under my hand and seal, and cause the same to be
inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within four calendar mouths
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent, all liberties
and advantages whatsoever hereby granted shall utterly cease, determine, and
become void, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more
fully and at lare auvear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
William Johnson, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention
of an apparatus for evaporating fluids, for the purpose of conveying heat
into buildings for manufacturing, horticultural, and domestic uses, for heating
liquids in distilling, brewing, and dying, and in making sugar and salt, with
reduced expenditure of fuel, and the manner in which the same is to be per-
formed, is particularly described and set forth as follows:-
I make use of a boiler formed of the usual materials of which boilers are con-
structed; this boiler is to be set over a fire-place in the manner in which they are
commonly erected, but instead of employing the common process for evaporating
fluids to convey heat by steam from a single boiler for any of the purposes herein-
before stated, I adopt a combination and arrangement of apparatus to save fuel
by a new compound of old works and a new method of operating with them in
all the purposes stated, which I propose to describe under different forms of pro-
cess and plan of works, the form of their construction and plan of arrangement
being variable, for evaporating from multiplied surfaces of fluids placed over
the same fire, according to the convenience, simplicity, or strength of vessels
required. In the first plan of works which I shall describe, I make use of a
compound or multiplied boiler, formed by placing a number of vessels con-
taining separate bodies of water upon each other, in such manner as that the
top of the lowest boiler on the fire should form the bottom of the next upon
it, and the top of the second to form the bottom of the third, and after the
same order for any number of vessels that may be preferred, which may be
increased according to the heat employed in the lowest vessel, which form of
multiplied boiler I think it proper to describe, having but recently invented
and obtained a Patent for the same, under which I preferred to limit my ex-
clusive claim to its uso only for the obtaining and employing the power of steam
for working the steam engine. This form of steam boiler I now adopt, not
for employing the power, but for providing heat by steam for the several pur-
poses stated, as part of a new combination and arrangement of works for saving
fuel in all such operations, for which uses such boiler and compounded appa-
ratus of different forms to be described have not before been employed (nor
has any such multiplied boiler yet been erected for use for any purpose), and
for the purpose of employing the steam generated in the vessels of such boiler
for heating manufactories or rooms, for drying articles manufactured, and for
warming houses for horticultural purposes, and other buildings, to render them
more healthful. I do convey by means of pipes discharging the steam from
every vessel of such multiplied boiler separately or together at the same
instant, and conveying it to every part of such buildings, and returning the

page_text: water from the condensed steam in manner at present effected when using
a common boiler, and for all the other purposes stated. I do convey the steam
from the vessels of such multiplied boiler, 'separately or together, into a close.
vessel or vessels attached underneath the metal bottom of the vessel or vessels
containing the liquids to be boiled or evaporated, or into such formed vessels
placed within such liquids, or direct into the liquids intended to be heated; and
when the steam from any of the various formed boilers to be described has
performed any of the operations stated, I do return the water from the con-
densed steam to the several steam boilers either by having the vessels placed
so high above them as to have the means, by a pipe, of returning it by the force
of its weight; or when such mode is inconvenient, then to return it by a forcing
pump. Secondly, I construct a form of boiler by a new arrangement of vessels
to evaporate from multiplied surfaces (founded on the plan and principle de-
scribed for the use of the steam engine) for conveying heat by steam for the
saving of fuel in operations for all the purposes stated, which apparatus con-
sists in placing soveral close boilers separately over each other within one
larger boiler, to be heated by the steam surrounding them, generated from any
liquid in such boiler, or they may be immersed in such liquid, and each of the
boilers inclosed in such larger vessel to have its separate charge of water for
supplying steam for any of the purposes mentioned to be employed in the
manner already stated, or as will hereafter be described (and on the top of the
inclosing boiler a pan can be added, when desired, for making salt or sugar,
but which forms no part of my present claim of invention, using fire direct
under such larger boiler for such purposes), the whole to be made to boil by
one fire employed under such surrounding boiler, and the water from the
condensed steam to bo returned to the several vessels by one of the modes
already described. Thirdly, I adopt a construction of vessels formed the one
above the other, to evaporate from multiplied surfaces for all the uses before
stated, by having openings for the steam to pass from the water in a lower
boiler to operate against distinct vessels formed above it, containing separate
bodies of water and surfaces to evaporato from, by which means the heat of
the steam or water contained in such boiler will act against every vessel above
it with equal temperature, and the steam from all may be discharged by one
outer pipe, as will herein-after be more fully described. Fourthly, I adopt a
combination of works forming an apparatus for a process by which I obtain a
new means of saving fuel and conveying steam heat for all the purposes stated,
by employing the greater part of the steam generated in the vessels of a multi-
plied boiler to act under a side pan, whilst the remaining steam within them is
employed evaporating fluids contained in an open vessel or pan placed upon

page_text: upper
the boiler for making salt (as at present effected by the steam of a single
boiler at Droitwich) or other uses, it not being necessary to retain all the steam
generated within such boilers whilst effecting nearly the utmost evaporation
from such pan in making salt or sugar, or employed in any of the other manu-
factures stated. The following instructions and representations of a form of
apparatus on each plan described, will farther sufficiently assist the engineer to
construct the apparatus necessary for every purpose stated.
Fig. 1 is designed to represent the chief parts of a new combination of works
for the saving of fuel, consisting of a multiplied boiler with three evaporating
vessels, as described by A, B, C, to be placed on a furnace, the fire acting only
under A, and united together by flanges with screwed bolts and nutts around
them, the top of one vessel forming the bottom of the next above it, and the
divisions 1, 2, may be made by shifting plates of metal between the boilers
A, B, C; and for large boilers on every plan, should be supported by tye-links
between them, similar to the strong braces used in steam engine boilers (con-
venient depth being allowed between each vessel for putting in or removing
the keys) or other means, and near the top of each vessel must be pipes, as at
D, E, F, to carry off the steam, and to the lowest boiler should be affixed a
safety valve and steam gage to determine the pressure in it, and to all the
vessels, cocks for cleansing, and loaded valves or cocks, to open only to a certain
position for regulating the proper discharge of steam to be placed within pipes
communicating with the side vessels to be served with steam, due attention
being required that the heat in the several vessels be correctly preserved to
evaporate the utmost quantity of steam that can be spared from them, which
appear from trials with small vessels may be only three-fourths of all the steam
generated within them. D, E, F, and main G, represents the apparatus of
pipes for passing and employing the steam from every vessel of such multiplied
boiler in combined manner into a close receptacle under a salt or sugar pan,
as represented by H, I, or other vessel, which may also be conveyed separately
at the same instant under several pans or boilers, or into receptacles placed
within such pans or other formed vessels for heating liquids in brewing, dis-
tilling, or dying; such combination of apparatus forming a new system and
plan of works for saving fuel in all the operations stated. Supposing then
that water to about half the depth be put into each of the vessels A, B, C, and
that the fire has raised the heat of steam in A to about 232° Farenheat (the
division plates being thin), and that such temperature would raise the heat in
B to about 220°, and in C to about 211, at these temperatures about three-
fourths of all the steam generated in them may (as before stated) be discharged,
the valves or cocks being regulated to open in exact restricted manner and

page_text: extent according to the dimensions of the boilers and power of the fire, which
after a few trials may be correctly ascertained so as to determine the exact
opening of the valves or cocks of every vessel that may always be allowed, and
the required temperatures be preserved; the steam, if discharged in combined
state at the above temperatures, may be of sufficient heat for every purpose
stated, except for making salt or sugar, for which uses the temperatures may
be raised higher, and the steam in combined state from the vessels A, B, C,
may be conveyed to act together in one vessel, as shewn by D, E, F, and
main G, without interrupting each others discharge, provided that the steam
from the upper vessel is at higher temperature than required to be employed
in receptacle H under the vessel I, or the steam from A, B, C, may be em-
ployed separately in any of the modes before stated, and I return the water
from the condensed steam from A, B, C, as before described, into the several.
vessels by pipes delivering it into the water in them, and on each boiler there.
should be a glass tube, the bent extremities of which should be in the steam
and water, or some other index to shew the depth of water in each vessel, that
its proper quantity may be correctly preserved. Fig. 2 represents the section
of a plan of an apparatus for evaporating fluids by a new combination and
arrangement of vessels to constitute a multiplied boiler and apparatus for the
supplying of steam heat for all the purposes stated, with reduced expenditure
of fuel (which may have a pan placed as at D, when desirable for the making
of salt or sugar, but this forming no part of my claim of Invention) which I
have designed and do construct in a form by which the steam from every
boiler will be of more equal temperature than by the first-stated process, and
although necessary to be regulated in its discharge with the same care as by
the first-described plan of works, will not require so great a heat in A to make
them all boil. Let A represent a boiler of considerable depth, which is to con-
tain the water or other fluid to be boiled by the direct action of the fire, the
steam from which is to surround and boil the water contained in distinct
vessels placed within it, resting on side brackets or otherwise supported from
each other, represented by B, B, B, which describe close boilers to contain the
water so to be boiled by means of the higher heat of the steam in the sur-
rounding boiler A, which vessels may be slided into it by having the whole of
one end put on with bolts and nutts by the flange E, convenient to take off, and
may be more in number and most beneficially according to the perfect insu-
lation of the surrounding vessel (but may not be allowed in such number as on
plan No 1), aud which boiler I in preference place in A, in direct position over
each other, to receive the perpendicular action of the heat from the fire, and
to the boilers B, B, B, pipes must be fixed, as at C, C, C, for the discharge of

page_text: their steam, passing through A, to be employed separately or together by one main
when necessary, as described under Fig. 1, for any of the purposes stated; and
during their evaporation, I make use of part of the steam generated in boiler
▲ for the same purposes, and in all respects govern, conduct, and employ the
steam generated in the same manner for the saving of fuel as directed for the
apparatus and process first described, and returning the water from the con-
densed steam to all the boilers by the same means and form of works. Fig. 3
represents the section of a plan of a form of works to constitute a multiplied
boiler, which may in their arrangement be preferred for evaporating from
multiplied surfaces by having communications for the steam to pass from the
water in the lower boiler A to operate underneath the distinct vessels B, C,
formed above it, containing separate bodies of water and surfaces to evaporate
from (the water from the condensed steam under C to have free means of
returns by a wide pipe to A), by which means the heat of the steam or water
contained in such lower boiler may act, passing by a pipe through B, or by
side conveyance, as shewn at F, F, against the vessel above it, with equal
temperature; the shaded parts are designed to repsesent the steam from A, as
seen under boiler B, and passing in its side conveyance, also shewn under C;
by this arrangement of vessels the evaporation from B may pass through the
tube D raised above the water in C, to be discharged with the evaporation
from that vessel by the main pipe E, and during their evaporation a large
portion of the steam from A may be employed in the modes described for any
of the purposes before stated, and returning the water from the condensed
steam, as before described.
Figure 4 represents an arrangement of apparatus for saving fuel, by which I
employ the greatest portion of the steam generated from any liquid in A for
any of the purposes stated, whilst the remaining steam within such boiler is
employed in evaporating any fluid contained in the open vessel or pan B placed
upon it. A, B, are intended to describe the section of a boiler and salt pan
upon it, as now in use at Droitwich, which portion of a new combination of
apparatus intended to be described, forms no part of my present claim of In-
vention, which alone consists in designing the form of process and necessary
apparatus for employing a great part of the steam generated in A for other
operations whilst evaporating by the remaining steam heat the fluid in pan B.
Let a pipe, as at C, be affixed to A, to convey part of the steam generated
within it to another close vessel, as D, having a salt or sugar pan upon it, as E,
or it may be conveyed as described for the use of any of the other purposes
first stated, the fire acting only under A; now supposing the steam in A to be
employed under B at the temperature of 240° Farenheit, for boiling brine in

page_text: that vessel, let the valve or cock be opened in correct degree (as before ex-
plained under Fig. 1), keeping such heat nearly the same as before it was
opened, when it will be found that from a very small passage the largest
portion of the whole steam that can be generated in A may be allowed to pass
off to D, to be employed to evaporate the liquid in E, or other purposes,
without affecting in any material degree the evaporation from the pan B; and
I adopt as a farther improvement, whilst evaporating from pan B, the use of
additional boilers, as F, of equal extent, placed beneath A to receive the direct
action of the fire, from which additional boiler another equal quantity of steam
will be obtained without additional fuel, to bo conveyed by the pipe G for the
purposes stated; and where it is desirable that the heat in the vessel next tho
fire should not be increased whilst effecting an increased evaporation, and such
arrangement of works rendered convenient for another process or purpose, I
adopt the use of a boiler to be placed within A, F, as represented by the dotted
lines H, to act and be governed after the manned directed for using the boilers
B, B, B, as described in Fig. 2; that supposing the division plate between A, F,
removed, and the vessel H, as represented by the dotted lines, substituted, then
the spare steam from the vessel surrounding II and the spare steam from H,
I employ under E, whilst the remaining steam in the surrounding vessel can
be employed so as to evaporato the fluid contained in the pan B, or other
formed boiler, for any of the purposes first stated; but which last mode of
application or employment of steam so obtained (by fire direct under the sur-
rounding boiler) forms no part of my present claim of Invention, if used under
a pan, as before explained, but only to the employment of it under B, when
made a close boiler, for the supplying of steam for any purpose required; and
I return the water from the condensed steam to A or the other boilers by the
same plans of conveyance and process as stated for the operations by the appa-
ratus first described. Numerous variations in the form of vessels for evaporating
by one fire distinct bodies of water placed over each other may be described,
but these may be sufficient to instruct to form the most convenient combination
of apparatus for an Invention of a process for the saving of fuel by multiplied
evaporation, to be carried into effect in perfect manner for every purpose
required.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Johnson (party hereto), have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Third day of December, in the
W (L.) JOHNSON.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Third day of December, in the
year of our Lord 1824, the aforesaid William Johnson camo before our said
Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification afore-
said, and all and everything therein contained and specified, in form above
written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the
tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Fourth day of December, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and twenty-four.