Improvements in Steam Generators and Circulating Boilers.
Year: 1891

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Steam Generators and Circulating Boilers.
I, IVAN OSIPOVITCH JARKOVSKI of Kleine Grusing, Haus, Winter, Moscow,
in the Empire of Russia Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention consists of Firstly, a series of pipes, or tubes disposed horizontally
and vertically within a brick, concrete, or other furnace, so constructed that the
heated gases during combustion circulates between and around said pipes, or tubes.
Secondly. A vertical cylindrical chamber, or receiver to which said pipes, or tubes
forming the generator are connected and through which the water when heated
circulates after the manner of circulating boilers generally. Thirdly. As a
modification of the foregoing method the arrangement of said pipes, or tubes within
a metallic shell in lieu of the brick furnace, whereby the same may be adapted for
use upon boats, or small craft, or other places where economy of space is a
desideratum, the object of my said invention being to provide a powerful steam
accumulator with rapid circulation within a small space, the purification of the
water from foreign matter to prevent incrustation, and to provide a greater amount
of evaporative power per unit of fuel as compared with such apparatus hitherto
made and used.
In order that my invention may be more clearly understood I have appended the
accompanying sheet of drawings, in which,
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal vertical section of the apparatus when a brick, or concrete
furnace is employed, and taken upon the line A B Fig. 2.
Fig. 2 is a sectional plan of Fig. 1 taken upon the line C. D.
Fig. 3 is a vertical section of a modification of the arrangement shewn by Fig. 1
where a metallic shell is used in lieu of bricks or concrete, and is taken upon the
line E. F. Fig. 4.
Fig. 4 is a sectional plan of Fig. 3 taken partly upon the line G. H. and partly
upon the line I. .J.
Similar letters of reference are used to indicate like parts throughout the
drawings.
In carrying my invention into effect I construct a furnace A of brick, concrete,
or other fire proof material, arranged in the manner shewn by Figs. 1 and 2, the
mouth, or fire box of which is at B, and the outlet, or chimney at C, and provided
internally with horizontal partitions D, and E, which serve to divert the flame in
the direction of the arrows shewn, and act as supports for the vertical tubes forming
the generator. Within said furnace, and immediately below the bed B¹ of the fire-
box B, and extending from the front to the back of A and protruding there beyond,
are four, or more horizontal tubes F, from which extend in an upward direction
through B¹, D and E a number of smaller vertical tubes a, connected at their upper
ends to horizontal tubes F, similar in number and position to the tubes F. The
front ends of the tubes F and F' (which may be straight, curved, spiral, or any
desired shape) are either blocked as shewn in Figs. 1 and 2, or provided with blow
off cocks as desired. The opposite ends of F are connected to a transverse tube G,
and the corresponding ends of F are connected to a similar tube G¹. The
transverse tubes G and G' are curved at each end and connected to extension
tubes, or pipes H and H', which lead to, and are connected with a vertical
cylinder L, those from G¹ entering L at a point about one third of its height
measured from the bottom thereof, while those from G, at a point a similar distance
from the top. The said cylinder L is closed at both ends and acts as a receiver
and injector, and through which the heated water circulates, and is fitted with all
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page_text: necessary cocks, taps, gauges and safety valve, and has also connected thereto at
any point below the junction of the outlet, or injector H a feed water tube in the
usual way. The water rising in L flows through H' and G' through the tubes F
into the tubes a. The heated gases generated from the furnace B, circulates
between and around the tubes a several times during the passage thereof to the
exhaust, or chimney C, so that the water in the tubes a becomes rapidly heated,
which rising, flows through the tubes F', to the receiver L, and completes the
circulation. The distance from the point of junction of L, with the ends of H³,
to the bottom of L, serves to collect all the impurities of the water, which sinks to
the bottom of L as the circulating water becomes heated, and collects in the form
of mud, and is removed therefrom through a suitable door, or blow off cock, and by
this means the formation of scale in the tubes, or upon the walls of the receiver is
prevented.
The heated gases exhausted through C, may be conveyed through tubes
surrounding L if desired, and further hasten the heating of the water and the
circulation.
In Figs. 3 and 4 I have shewn a modification of the foregoing arrangement,
whereby the same may be rendered suitable for adaptation upon small craft, or
boats, or other places where a saving, or economy of space has to be considered.
In this method I form the outer containing shell, or furnace A of iron or steel,
within which is arranged metallic horizontal supports, and baffle plates E, and D,
through which pass the vertical tubes a. The fire box B and chimney, or exhaust Ć
is situated in a similar manner to the foregoing method the upper and lower spaces
in Fig. 3 serving the purposes of F and F, and the upper and lower outlets
therefrom G, and G₁, being connected to a receiver L, in the same manner as that
illustrated by Figs. 1 and 2.
By the foregoing arrangements according to my invention I am enabled to obtain
a very rapid circulation of the water in the generator, which flows into the receiver
above the high water level, and as the feed water is arranged to enter the receiver
below the outlet to the generator, the body of water at the bottom of the
receiver is entirely at rest, and takes no part in the circulation, and as the
circulating heated water enters the receiver at the upper part thereof, causes all
.sediments to separate and fall to, and collect at, the bottom of the receiver below
the water line, from which it may be removed in the manner hereinbefore described,
and scale entirely prevented.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is.
1st. In an improved steam generator and circulating boiler the apparatus, or
mechanism consisting of the parts described and shewn, constructed, combined and
operating substantially as set forth, and for the purposes herein specified.
2nd. In an improved steam generator and circulating boiler the employment of a
furnace A, of brick, concrete, or the like, constructed with horizontal baffle
plates E, and D, supporting and carrying vertical tubes a, connected by tubes F,
and F, to transverse tubes G, and G, having extensions H, and H', connected to a
vertical cylindrical receiver L, substantially as and for the purposes herein described
and shewn by Figs. 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawings.
3rd. In an improved steam generator and circulating boiler, the employment of a
metallic shell, forming a self contained furnace, constructed as described, and
shewn, by Figs. 3, and 4, of the accompanying drawings, and operating in the
manner set forth, substantially as and for the purposes herein specified.
Dated this 28th day of April 1801
GEO. THOS. HYDE,
4, Moorfields, London, E.C., Agent for the Applicant.