AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF VERTICAL WINDMILL SAILS
Year: 1815

page_text: BAINES SPECIFICATION.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ROBERT
RAINES BAINES, of the Lordship of Myton, in the County of the Town of
Kingston-upon-Hull, Glue Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third, by His
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Twenty-second day of June, in the fifty-fifth year of His reign,
did, for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Robert Raines Baines, His especial licence, that I, the said Robert Raines
Baines, my exccutors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Robert Raines Baines, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times, during the
term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my
Invention of "AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
VERTICAL WINDMILL SAILS;" in which said Letters Patent there is contained
a proviso obliging me, the said Robert Raines Baines, by an instrument in
writing under my hand and seal, particularly to describe and ascertain the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
and to cause the same to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said in
part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto
had, will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Robert Raines Baines, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are described and
ascertained by the Drawing in the margin of these presents, and the following
explanation thereof (that is to say):—
.
The Drawing on the margin hereof represents six sails as seen in front
thereof. The stocks or arms marked A are the same as used for common
vertical windmills. The sails marked B are made of canvass, and fastened to
the front sides of the said stocks or arms along the edges marked a, a, and to
the rods or bars marked D, at or near the point marked b, and are also extended
by the rods or bars marked E, which are inserted into or fixed to the backs
thereof, and by rods or bars marked m, which are inserted into or fastened to
the edges of the said sails. Each sail is also connected by a bar or rod marked F
(as herein-after described) with the next following sail. The shafts or rods
marked c are fastened to the stocks or arms marked A, at or near d, d, by
loops or otherwise, so as to allow them to move as hinges do. The bars or rods
marked D are each of them connected with the said shafts or rods marked C
by a joint which will allow the said bars or rods marked D to move from the
wind independant of the said shafts or rods marked C, in case it should blow
against the back sides of the said sails, but will not allow the said bars or rods
marked D to move from the wind independent of the said shafts or rods marked C
when the wind blows against the front sides of the said sails. The bars or rods
marked F connect the corners marked e of each sail with the corner of the
next following sail at or near the point marked 6, leading behind such follow-
ing sail, and which bars or rods are fastened by hooks or other proper moans
at or near their points, bent to such an angle that if the wind should blow
against the back sides of the said sails, and force them forward, the said bars or
rods will be unhooked and set at liberty. A rim or circle marked G is fixed
by screws or otherwise upon the said stocks or arms marked A, for the purpose
of supporting the fulcra or props marked H. At I is represented the head or
end of a rod or bar which passes thro' the center of the axletree of the mill,
and to which weight may be applied, in the manner well known to millwrights,
to regulate the said sails towards or from the wind. The bars or cranks
marked K are fixed to the shafts or rods marked C at such an angle and in
such a manner as will, when and as they are acted upon by the levers or bars
marked L, either suffer the said bars or rods marked D and the sails to recede
from the wind until the said sails present only their edges thereto, or will force
the said bars or rods marked D towards the wind until they present their
breadth thereto. The levers or bars marked L are connected at one of their

page_text: ends with the head of the aforesaid rod marked I, and at the other ends with
the bars or crauks marked K, and form levers resting or acting upon the
fulcra or props marked H, and are governed or regulated in their action by
the said rod, the head of which is shewn at I. The said rods, bars, cranks,
loops, and rin may be made of iron or other suitable material or materials, and
connected at their proper places by joints or otherwise, so as to fix them, or
allow their action, by modes well know to millwrights. And the more fully to
ascertain in what my improvements consist, I declare that the parts marked
with the letters C, D, E, F, H, and L, are new and of my Invention; the rest
were in use or known before the date of my Patent; but the connection and
combination of the whole, forming altogether a new machine producing con-
siderable advantages in the application of the power of vertical windmills, is
also my invention. And I further declare, that my said Invention may be
used either with or without the said bars or rods marked D being connected
with the said shafts or rods marked C by means of a joint as described, or by
being connected therewith without any joint, and thereby being compelled to
move from the wind as well as towards it.
In witness whereof, I, the said Robert Raines Baines, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Eighteenth day of December, in the year of
Our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifteen
ROB RAINES BAINES. (LS.)
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the same Eighteenth day of Decem-
ber, in the year above mentioned, the aforesaid Robert Raines Baines came
before our Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specifica-
tion aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained, in form above
written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the
tenor of the Statute in that case made and provided.