IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF FABRICS FOR PROTECTIVE AND PRESERVATIVE PURPOSES AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE SAID MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Josiah Jowitt and George Shepard Page of 49 Wall
Street New York but at present residing at Park Hotel Park Place in the
County of Middlesex for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OR PRODUCTION OF FABRICS FOR PROTECTIVE AND PRESERVATIVE PURPOSES
AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE SAID MANUFACTURE
OR PRODUCTION, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Josiah Jowitt and George
Shepard Page at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th July
1882.
JOSIAH JOWITT and GEORGE SHEPARD PAGE of 49 Wall Street New York, but
at present residing at Park Hotel, Park Place in the County of Middlesex
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF FABRICS FOR PROTECTIVE
AND PRESERVATIVE PURPOSES AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED
IN THE SAID MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE
APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES."
Our said Invention has for its principle object the production of a material to be
used as a protective or preservative covering or envelope adapted specially for
wrapping articles to be preserved from the air, the attacks of moths or other
injurious influences and also to the production of a material adapted for use for
roofing or sheathing purposes and like covering or protective purposes-For this
purpose there is provided a machine constructed as hereinafter described which
machine may as also hereinafter described be adapted for the production of a single
strong or thick or comparatively thick material for use as strong packing material
or other purpose; or for the production simultaneously of such a material and a thin
material of a similar character, for light packing or wrapping or other purposes; or
further for the production of a material made of a considerable thickness by causing
several thicknesses of treated fabrics to adhere to the material so produced being
specially designed for use for roofing, sheathing, or other purpose where a strong
protective material is required:

page_text: In a Machine constructed for these purposes there is provided a vessel or bath
containing a material which will impregnate paper or other fabric to give it the
requisite protective properties. At one end of this bath are situated bearings in
which revolve the axis of a roll of paper or other fabric to be treated. From this
roll the fabric is led under and over guide and tension rollers and down into the
bath beneath and partly around a roller immersed in the bath then up and over a
guide and tension roller and between hollow heated pressing rollers over another
guide roller and around or partly around one large hollow cylinder or a series of
large hollow cylinders heated by steam admitted to its or their interior. The said
Fabric then passes over another guide roller and thence to the axis upon which the
treated fabric is finally rolled. This hereinbefore described arrangement is that
whereby a protective fabric of single thickness is obtained The tension roller in
proximity to the guide roller leading to the bath is situated between the said guide
roller and the untreated roll and the said tension roller is not mounted in bearings
as are the other rollers but simply rests freely upon the said fabric thus by its
weight equalizing the feed of the fabric all along its width. The fabric on passing
through and from the bath passes over another tension roller whose axes are carried
on springs which springs are sensitive enough to give a very true and equal feed
of the fabric to between the hot pressing rollers. This tension roller prevents the
folding of the fabric upon itself and the consequent cutting action. The said hot
pressing rollers the protective substance is caused very thoroughly to enter and
impregnate the material of the fabric. The fabric thereafter passing around the
large heated cylinder or cylinders is thoroughly perfected. The protective substance
and the substance of the fabric become thoroughly associated and there is thereby
obtained a smooth dry surface or surfaces without objectionable sticky protective
substance left on the exterior of the fabric.
To adapt the Machine for the production of very thin protective or wrapping
fabrics which are weakened by the nature of the bath used the following additions
are made. It is here premised that it has been found impossible to produce a
marketable very thin protective fabric treated with such baths free from tears, cuts
and creases by the arrangement herein before described alone but that it is necessary
to provide means for manufacturing this thin protective fabric in conjunction with
a thick fabric. In order to do this (the machine being arranged as before described
and the thick fabric passed therethrough and being treated thereby as also before
described) the roll of thin fabric to be treated is mounted so that it can be con-
veniently led with the thick fabric into and between the hot pressing rollers between
which the said thick fabric passes when it leaves the bath. A portion of the
protective substance is thereby transferred to the thin fabric. Thereafter the two
fabrics pass together around the large steam heated cylinder or cylinders and are
or may be led to one axis and wound into one roll As the difference of thickness
of the two fabrics would cause a buckling and creasing of the thin fabric were the
said two fabrics led at once and together to the axis on which they are finally
wound and as the fabrics would probably stick together a tension roller is
arranged to be capable of rising and falling in slotted bearings or standards,
The said tension roller is urged upwards by a spring or weight.
The thin fabric after it leaves the large heated cylinder or the last of the series
of such cylinders is led away from the thick fabric and passed over this tension
roller and then back again to the thick fabric if desired. The pull of the said
tension roller keeps the thin fabric taut and free from creases causing it to be
supplied evenly and equally with the thick fabric and moreover allows the fabrics
to be finished or dried separately :—
In order to enable the machine to be used for making a protective fabric
consisting of several thicknesses of material treated as before described the machine
is provided with an axis or axes carrying an extra roll or rolls of fabric treated as
before described which meet the fabric (also treated as before described) which has
passed through the bath where it is coated with pitch or other cementing material
on one or both sides, so that the layers of fabric are caused to adhere and form the

page_text: requisite compound sheet. Suppose for example a three sheet protective compound
fabric is to be produced the one layer of fabric untreated or treated as before described
is led through the bath and becomes coated with the cementing substance. It thence
may pass over or between the various heated rollers and therefroin to the axis
where the completed material is wound into a roll. Two rolls of fabric treated as
before described but not passed through the cementing bath are arranged in proximity
to this axis and led thereto on opposite sides of the cement covered fabric the
three layers of fabric being rolled into a roll together the cement covered fabric
forming the centre layer and the other fabrics the outer layers on either side, the
cement causing the three layers to be firmly united into one compound fabric.
Where a compound protective fabric of but two layers is required the arrangement
will be generally the same except that one roll of uncemented fabric will be required
and that the cemented fabric will be coated on one side only. This may be
conveniently effected by passing the layer of fabric over a roller which dips into
and revolves in the cementing substance, the said layer of fabric passing over this
roller and receiving the cement therefrom upon one side only The various rollers
and cylinders may be driven where required at the requisite and relative surfaco
speeds by any suitable motor and gear.
The fabric which is employed may be of any character suitable for the particular
purpose to which the product is to be applied.
For thick packing and protective material and for the compound layers it has
been found that a tough paper of considerable body and tenacity but with a good
porous texture is well suited to the purpose. Such a paper may be prepared from
woollen rags and straw or hay or the like but it is not proposed to limit the
Invention to the employment of any particular fabric or material :-
The material of the bath will vary with the requirements and may consist of any
material or materials which will give the requisite properties to the produced fabric.
We have found that for treating the single layers of fabric tar alone or tar together
with carbolic acid gives good results. But the Invention is not limited to the
employment of any particular material-Melted Paraffin or other wax may for
example be used with advantage in making fine wrapping papers :-
For the cementing bath from which the cemented layer of a compound fabric
receives its coating or coatings pitch has been found to answer well.
The bath will of course (if composed of materials solid or semi-liquid at
ordinary temperatures) be kept liquid by heat obtained by means of a steam
coil or otherwise.
The machine may be used generally for treating fabrics or the like with
impregnating or other substances or materials, and the arrangements of tension
giving and feed regulating rollers and appliances may be used in inachines generally
to which they are or may be applicable for regulating and supplying webs of
fabric.
In the cementing of several fabrics together the guide rollers may also be heated
to keep the cement in a plastic condition:
The temperatures employed in the before named large cylinder or cylinders will
be varied with the materials of the bath and the purpose for which the protective
fabric is to be used. For example with a bath of tar and carbolic acid for
producing a fabric more especially adapted for giving protection against insects or
mildew, a temperature is employed sufficient to drive off the more inflammable
volatile and objectionable hydrocarbons but retain those which are effectual against
the attacks of insects and mildew
Where tar alone is used as a bath the cylinder or cylinders will be heated to a
higher temperature
The pressure of Steam used for heating the said cylinders or rolls may be varied
from say 5 to 80 lbs per square inch according to the temperatures required for the
different purposes hereinbefore referred to it being well understood that the
temperature of steam increases in direct proportion to its pressure

page_text: In the manufacture of carbonized roofing paper we use a bath of tar alone and
employ an elevated temperature for carbonizing the said impregnated material.
For the manufacture of carbolized paper we employ a bath of Carbolic acid with
tar petroleum or other similar hydro carbon in combination with carbolisic
acid, and during the process of drying only a comparatively low temperature is
required.
When it is required to manufacture a paper felt or fabric consisting of two or
more sheets cemented or stuck together by the impregnating materials only a low
temperature is required in order to keep the said material plastic in order to allow
the proper adhesion of the sheets.
The sheets employed in the production of the above mentioned compound or two
or more fly paper, felt or fabric are preferably separately prepared and treated at a
high temperature.
In cases where a bath of paraffin is employed as the impregnating substance
in lieu of those above described only a very moderate temperature would be
required.
Baths containing solutions of Salicylic acid thymol or other similar antiseptic
or disinfectant solutions may be used for special purposes in lieu of those above
described

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Josiah Jowitt and George Shepard Page in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 25th January 1883.
JOSIAH JOWITT and GEORGE SHEPARD PAGE of 49 Wall Street New York but
at present residing at Park Hotel Park Place in the County of Middlesex
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF FABRICS FOR PROTECTIVE
AND PRESERVATIVE PURPOSES AND IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED
IN THE SAID MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE
APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES
"
For this
Our said Invention has for its principal object the production of a material to
be used as a protective or preservative covering or envelope adapted specially
for wrapping articles to be preserved from the air the attacks of moths or other
injurious influences and also for the production of a material adapted for use for
roofing or sheathing purposes and like covering or protective purposes.
purpose there is provided a machine constructed as hereinafter described with
reference to the accompanying drawing which machine may as also heinafter
described be adapted for the production of a single strong or thick or comparatively
thick material for use as strong packing material or other purpose or for the pro-
duction simultaneously of such a material and a thin material of a similar character
for light packing or wrapping or other purposes or further for the production of a
material made of a considerable thickness by causing several thicknesses of treated
fabrics to adhere; the material so produced being especially designed for use for
roofing sheathing or other purpose where a strong protective material is required.
The accompanying drawing represents a machine constructed for these purposes
according to our Invention.
There is provided a vessel or bath A containing a material which will impregnate
paper or other fabric to give it the requisite protective properties. At one end of
this bath are situated bearings in which revolve the journals of a roll of paper or
other fabric B to be treated. From this roll B the fabric is led under and over guide
and tension rollers c and d and down into the bath A beneath and partly around a
roller e immersed in the bath A then up and over a guide and tension roller f and
between hollow heated pressing rollers G H (heated by Steam or other suitable
means) and over another guide roller i and around or partly around one large
hollow Cylinder I or two or a series of such large hollow Cylinders consisting for
example of this Cylinder I and others I Is heated by steam admitted to its or
their interior or by other suitable means. The said fabric then passes over another
guide roller j and thence to the axis K upon which the treated fabric is finally
rolled. This herein before described arrangement is that whereby a protective
fabric of single thickness is obtained. The tension roller c in proximity to the
guide roller d leading to the bath A is situated between the said guide roller & and
the untreated roll B as shewn and the said tension roller c is not mounted in
bearings as are the other rollers but simply guided in slots and rests freely upon
the said fabric thus by its weight equalizing the feed of the fabric all along its
width. The fabric on passing through and from the bath A passes over the tension
roller whose axes are carried on spring carriers as at f which spring carriers are
sensitive enough to give a very true and equal feed of the fabric to between the
hot pressing rollers G H. The tension roller f prevents the folding of the fabric
upon itself and the consequent cutting action. By the passage, between the said
hot pressing rollers GH, of the fabric coated with the protective substance the.
said protective substance is caused very thoroughly to enter and impregnate the
material of the said fabric. The fabric thereafter passing around the large heated

page_text: Cylinder or Cylinders (I, I2 I³) is thoroughly perfected the protective substance and
the substance of the fabric becoming thoroughly associated and there is thereby
obtained a sinooth dry surface or surfaces without objectionable sticky protective
substance left on the exterior of the fabric.
To adapt the machine for the production of very thin protective or wrapping
fabrics which are weakened by the nature of the bath used the following
additions are made. It is here promised that it has been found impossible to
produce a marketable very thin protective fabric treated with such baths free from
tears cuts and creases by the arrangement herein before described alone but that it
is necessary to provide means for manufacturing this thin protective fabric in
conjunction with a thick fabric In order to do this (the machine being arranged
as before described and the thick fabric passed therethrough and being treated
thereby as also before described) the roll of thin fabric to be treated is mounted as
shewn at M so that it can be conveniently led with the thick fabric into and
between the hot pressing rollers G. H between which the said thick fabric passes
when it leaves the bath A as before described. A portion of the protective
substance is thereby transferred from the thick fabric to the thin fabric.. Thereafter
the two fabrics pass together around the large steam heated Cylinder or Cylinders
I 1 I and are or may be led to one axis and wound into one roll. As the difference
of thickness of the two fabrics would cause a buckling and creasing of the thin
fabric were the said two fabrics led at once and together to the axis on which they
are finally wound and as the fabrics would probably stick together a tension roller
m is arranged to be capable of rising and falling in slotted bearings or standards as
shewn. The said tension roller is urged upwards by a spring or by a weight as
at p. The thin fabric after it leaves the large heated Cylinder I or the last of the
series of such Cylinders is led away from the thick fabric and passed over this
tension roller m and then back again to the thick fabric if desired. The pull of
the said tension roller m keeps the thin fabric taut and free from creases causing it
to be supplied evenly and equally with the thick fabric and moreover allows the
fabrics to be finished or dried separately.
In order to enable the machine to be used for making a protective fabric
consisting of several thicknesses of material treated as before described the machine
is provided with an axis or axes carrying an extra roll or rolls of fabric treated as
before described which meet the fabric (treated or not as before described) which
has passed through the bath where it is coated with pitch or other cementing
material on one or both sides so that the layers of fabric are caused to adhere and
form the requisite compound sheet. Suppose for example a three sheet protected
compound fabric is to be produced the one layer of fabric untreated or treated as
before described is led through the bath and becomes coated with the cementing
substance. It thence may pass over or between the various heated rollers and
therefrom to the axis K where the completed material is wound into a roll. Two
rolls of fabric q and treated as before described but not passed through the
cementing bath are arranged in proximity to this axis K and led thereto on
opposite sides of the cement covered fabric the three layers of fabric being rolled
into a roll together the cement covered fabric forming the centre layer and the
other fabrics the outer layers on either side the cement causing the three layers to
be firmly united into one compound fabric.
Where a compound protective fabric of but two layers is required the
arrangement will be generally the same except that only one roll of uncemented
fabric will be required and that the cemented fabric will be conted on one side only.
This may be conveniently effected by passing the layer of fabric over a roller
which dips into and revolves in the cementing substance the said layer of fabric
passing over this roller and receiving the cement therefrom upon one side only.
The various rollers and Cylinders may be driven where required at the requisite
and relative surface speeds by any suitable motor and gear.
The fabric which is employed may be of any character suitable for the particular
purpose to which the product is to be applied.,

page_text: For thick packing and protective material and for the compound layers it has
been found that a tough paper of considerable body and tenacity but with a good
porous texture is well suited to the purpose. Such a paper may be prepared from
woollen rags and straw or hay or the like but it is not proposed to limit the
Invention to the employment of any particular fabric or material.
The material of the bath will vary with the requirements and may consist of any
material or materials which will give the requisite properties to the produced
fabric. We have found that for treating the single layers of fabric tar alone or tar
together with Carbolic Acid gives good results but the Invention is not limited to
the employment of any particular material; melted paraffin or other wax may for
example be used with advantage in making fine wrapping papers.
For the cementing bath from which the cemented layer of a compound fabric
receives its coating or coatings pitch has been found to answer well.
The bath will of course (if composed of materials solid or semiliquid at ordinary
temperatures) be kept liquid by heat obtained by means of a steam coil or
otherwise.
The machine may be used generally for treating fabrics or the like with
impregnating or other substances or materials and the arrangements of tension
giving and feed regulating rollers and appliances may be used in machines
generally to which they are or may be applicable for regulating and supplying
webs of fabric.
In the cementing of several fabrics together the guide rollers may also be heated
to keep the cement in a plastic condition.
The temperatures employed in the before named large Cylinder or Cylinders
(I, II) will be varied with the materials of the bath and the purpose for which
the protective fabric is to be used. For example with a bath of tar and Carbolic
Acid for producing a fabric more especially adapted for giving protection against
insects or mildew a temperature is employed sufficient to drive off the more
inflammable volatile and objectionable hydrocarbons but retain those which are
effectual against the attacks of insects and mildew. We have found a temperature
of from 260° to 280° Fahrenheit to answer this purpose satisfactorily.
Where tar alone is used as a bath the Cylinder or Cylinders will be heated to a
higher temperature say about 300° Fahrenheit
The pressure of steam used for heating the said Cylinders or rolls may be varied
from say five to eighty pounds per square inch according to the temperature required
for the different purposes herein before referred to it being well understood that the
temperature of steam increases in direct proportion to its pressure.
In the manufacture of Carbonized roofing paper we use a bath of tar alone and
employ at the large Cylinder or Cylinders I 12 1³ an elevated temperature for
Carbonizing the said impregnated material. We find that a temperature of
350° fahrenheit answers the purpose well.
For the manufacture of Carbolized paper we employ a bath of Carbolic Acid with
tar petroleum (or other similar Hydro-carbon in combination with Carbolic Acid)
and during the process of drying only a comparatively low temperature is
required.
When it is required to manufacture a paper felt or fabric consisting of two or
more sheets cemented or stuck together by the impregnating materials only a low
temperature is required in order to keep the said material plastic in order to allow
the proper adhesion of the sheets.
The sheets employed in the production of the above mentioned compound or two
or more ply paper felt or fabric are preferably separately prepared and treated at
a high temperature.
In cases where a bath of paraffin is employed as the impregnating substance
in lieu of those above described only a very moderate temperature would be
required.
Baths containing solutions of Salicylic Acid thymole or other similar antiseptic

page_text: or disinfectant solutions may be used for special purposes in lieu of those above
described
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of our said
Invention and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into
effect we would observe in conclusion that what we consider to be novel and original
and therefore claini as the Invention secured to us by the herein before in part
recited Letters Patent is :-
First. The improvements in the manufacture of fabrics for protective and
preservative purposes consisting in treating the same in the manner and by the
machinery herein before described.
Second. The machinery or apparatus hereinbefore described and illustrated in
the accompanying drawing arranged for treating a single web of thick or
comparatively, thick fabric for converting it into a protective or preservative
fabric
Third. The combination with a machine as described and as claimed by the
preceding claiming clause of the means for treating a thin fabric at the same time
as a thick or comparatively thick fabric and for separating the said fabrics at a
part of their journey through or from the machine to prevent their adhering when
wound together into a roll as herein before described and illustrated in the
accompanying drawing.
Fourth. The arrangement of machinery or apparatus herein before described with
reference to the accompanying drawing for cementing two or more layers of
preservative or protective fabric together.
Fifth. In machines in which webs of fabrics are fed between rollers substantially
as hereinbefore described the employment of a hanging roller (c) at one part and a
spring tension roller fat another part as and for the purpose herein before described
and illustrated in the accompanying drawing
Sixth. In the manufacture of preservative and protective fabrics substantially as
herein described the employment of a Cylinder or Cylinders (I, I, I³) which is or
are maintained at a temperature (as hereinbefore described) sufficient to drive off
the more inflammable volatile and objectionable constituents of the preservative
material used but at the same time not sufficient to drive off those which are
effectual against the attacks of insects or mildew
Seventh. In the manufacture of preservative or protective fabrics the employ-
ment of a Cylinder or Cylinders (I, 12 I³) which is or are maintained at such a
temperature as herein before described as to cause the Carbonization of the
preservative material used substantially as hereinbefore described
In witness we the said Josiah Jowitt and George Shepard Page have to
this our Specification set our hands and seals this twenty eighth day of
December Öne thousand eight hundred and eighty two.
JOSIAH JOWITT
(L.S.)
GEORGE SHEPARD PAGE (L.S.)