CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FUR- NACES FOR GENERATING HEAT, AND ALSO IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS OR VESSELS FOR APPLYING HEAT TO VARIOUS USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1833

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
COOPER DOUGLAS, of Great Ormond Street, in the County of Middlesex,
Esquire, send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty William the Fourth did, by His
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of that part of the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland called England, bearing date at Westminster, the
Nineteenth day of November, in the fourth year of His reign, give and grant
unto me, the said John Cooper Douglas, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, His special license, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the
said John Cooper Douglas, my executors, administrators, and assigns, during
the term of years therein mentioned, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick upon
Tweed, my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FUR-
NACES FOR GENERATING HEAT, AND ALSO IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS OR
VESSELS FOR APPLYING HEAT TO VARIOUS USEFUL PURPOSES;" in which said Letters
Patent there is contained a proviso, that I, the said John Cooper Douglas,
shall cause a particular description of the nature of my said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, by an instrument in writing under
my hand and seal, to be inrolled in Пis Majesty's fligh Court of Chancery
within six calendar months next immediately after the date of the said in
part recited Letters Patent, reference being thereunto had, may more fully
and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
John Cooper Douglas, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Inven-
tion, and the manner in which the same is to be known and performed, are
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following description
thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the
figures and letters marked thereon, that is to say:-
.
First, my improvements in the construction of furnaces consist in causing the
gasses, smoke, and vapours produced by combustion of any fuel to pass upwards
through the fire bars or other support of a second fire. Reference to Figure 1
will more clearly explain my meaning. The gasses, smoke, and vapours which
are or may be produced by fuel in combustion at A, together with the uncon-
sumed atmospheric air, are caused to pass along over the bridge B, C, down
below the bridge D, and upwards through the fire bars E, where, coming in
contact with and passing through fuel in combustion, the smoke is deprived of
its carbon and vapours, whilst the permanently elastic gasses proceed upwards
or along to the flue or chimney. The Drawing only exhibits two sets of fire bars,
but in some cases it may be desirable to extend the series to three or even to more.
I need not describe how this arrangement could be modified for various situations
and purposes.
This view, Figure 1, being partly in perspective and partly
section, does not enable me to shew a fire door which closes in the fire at E, in
such manner that the draft may be maintained from A upwards through E.
Secondly, my improvements in the construction of apparatus or vessels for
applying heat to various useful purposes are to be known by the following
description, reference being had to the Drawing at the sections, Figures 2 and 3,
and the Plan, Figure 4), and also to the Figures 5, 6, 7, and 8. F (Figure 2)
represents a vat or other suitable vessel for carrying on either the vinous or
acetous fermentation. In this tank, vat, or cask F is placed the liquid from
which it is intended to make vinegar. When heat is applied to this vessel (F),
either by steam being blown into or through the chamber G, or by any other
arrangement, or to the liquor contained in the vessel, the vapours thus raised
pass off from F and enter the worm H, where they are cool'd and condensed.
To this worm I attach such close or other proper vessel or vessels as may be
desirable for collecting such condensed vapour or vapours. The vapours which
rise from F are either those which rise after or during the process of vinous
fermentation, or during the acetous fermentation. I thus save the vinous
particles, and the acetous particles are also thus saved for the purpose of adding
to my vinegar. On Figure 2 I have shewn the condensation to be carried on
by means of a worm H and a tub J.
arrangement for the same purpose as that
Figure 3 is a section of another
last described; and Figure 4 is a

page_text: plan of Figure 3. The same letters in Figure 3 and Figure 4 are attached to
those parts of the section and of the plan which correspond. K, L, is the
close double vessel, similar to F, G, Figure 2, above described. The vapours
whether vinous or acetous, are in this latter case, after passing over the tube M,
to be collected in a close vessel or vessels at N. To this close vessel I apply
a vessel supplied with cold water, and containing an improved condenser, which
will be seen to consist of numerous vertical hollow cylinders p, p, p, p, (see
Figures 3 and 4), clustered together, and fastened to the bottom by numerous
attachments. The conducting powers of such hollow cylinders p, p, p, p
(especially when they are made of metal,) is of service in transferring the heat
in N to the water in n, n, and thus I cool down the vapours in N to a liquid state.
Figure 5 is a cluster of such tubes shewn in elevation, the tubes p, p, p, p, being
fastened together by concentric rings d, d, and also by the radius bars shewn on
Figure 4, at ff. They may, however, be fastened together in many other
ways, and I apply such tubes for transferring heat for purposes of either cooling
or heating, and for either boilers or condensers. I sometimes use hollow prisms
instead of tubes, and I use irregular hollow figures as well as regular hollow
figures. When a flue or worm passes through liquor, it may be well to make
plates be the additional conductors instead of the tubes or hollow figures just
mentioned. Figure 6 is the fragment of a square tube O, with one plate P
fastened upon it. Figure 7 represents the fragment of a circular pipe, with
two such conductors R, R, fastened upon it. Figure 8 represents a fragment
of a circular tube S, S, upon which one square conductor T is fastened.
I have now described my "Certain Improvements in the Construction of
Furnaces for Generating Heat, and also in the Construction of Apparatus or
Vessels for applying Heat to various useful Purposes," with reference to the
annexed Drawings, in such manner as to enable persons conversant with works
of a similar nature to practice the Invention. And I do hereby declare that I
claim no other improvements, or parts of improvements, than such as are
herein-after specified. But I claim as my Invention the furnace herein-before
described. Further, I claim as my Invention the application of heat to a close
vessel or vessels, or to the liquid contained therein, in such manner that the
vapours may be collected and saved, in the process for making vinegar where
the vegetable liquid or fluid shall have been first carried into the vinous fer-
mentation, as well as in the process of vinegar making where the vegetable
fluid or liquid has been carried directly into the acetous fermentation. Further,
I claim the use of vertical tubes or prisms, or plates in clusters, attached to
the bottoms of boilers or vessels containing any kind of liquid, or attached to
the flues or tubes which convey any heated air, vapour, or flame through

page_text: liquids. Further, I declare that I do not limit my claim to those forms of
construction of the furnaces, apparatus, and vessels which I have thought it
advisable to describe above, and also that they may be made of any suitable
material.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Cooper Douglas, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of May, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and thirty-four.
JOHN COOPER (L.S.) DOUGLAS.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Seventeenth day of May, in the
fourth year of the reign of His Majesty King William the Fourth, the said
John Cooper Douglas came before our said Lord the King in His Chancery,
and acknowledged the instrument aforesaid, and all and everything therein
contained and specified, in form above written. And also the instrument
aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the Statute made in the
fifty-fifth year of the reign of His late Majesty King George the Third.
Inrolled the Nineteenth day of May, One thousand eight hundred and
thirty-four.

page_text: En the Matter of a Patent granted to John Cooper Douglas, of
Great Ormond Street, in the County of Middlesex, Esquire, for his
Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FUR-
NACES FOR GENERATING HEAT, AND ALSO IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPA-
RATUS OR VESSELS FOR APPLYING HEAT TO VARIOUS USEFUL PURFOSES;"
bearing date at Westminster the 19th day of November, One thou-
sand eight hundred and thirty-three.
DISCLAIMER to be entered by John Cooper Douglas with the Clerk of the
Patents of England, pursuant to an Act passed in the sixth year of His
present Majesty's reign, entitled "An Act to amend the Law touching
Letters Patent for Inventions.
I, the said John Cooper Douglas, do hereby declare that since the inroll-
ment of my Specification I have discovered that the arrangement and con-
struction of a furnace for the purpose of causing the vapours generated in one
fire to pass through a second or third fire, as described in the said Specification,
is not a new invention. I do therefore disclaim so much of the said Invention
as is contained in the following words of what is termed the claiming clause of
the said Specification, that is to say, "I claim as my Invention the furnace
herein-before described;" and I do also disclaim all the description of such
furnace, and so much of the Drawing as is marked and described as Fig. 1.
And further, in my said Specification I did describe and claim the application
of closed vessels with heat applied thereto, first, in the progress of vinegar
making from vegetable liquids or fluids, which have been first carried into the
vinous fermentation; and, secondly, in the process of vinegar making, where
the vegetable fluid or liquid has been carried directly into the acetous fermenta-
tion, whereby I am enabled, as in the said Specification described, to save the
vinous or alcoholic particles separate for use, and the acetous particles for
making vinegar, in place of permitting the said vinous or alcoholic particles to
be evaporated into the atmosphere and lost, as is the case in the ordinary pro-
cess of vinegar making; and I have been informed and advised, that from the
wording of my said Specification, or the description of my Invention therein
contained, it may possibly be considered that I claim as part of my Invention,
in that portion of the process where vinous fermented liquids are being
operated on by heat in closed vessels, the using of such closed vessels for the
purpose of distilling vinous particles from vegetable liquids which have only

page_text: passed into the vinous fermentation, without reference to the making of vinegar,
by continuing heat to the residuum contained in such closed vessels to facilitate
the acetous fermentation, and thereby making vinegar; such process and
vessels, when used merely for obtaining the vinous particles from vinous fer-
mented liquids, being similar to ordinary distillation. But I do hereby declare,
and wish it to be understood, that I did not intend that such a construction
should be put thereon; on the contrary, I do disclaim the use of such closed
vessels when merely applied to distillation over or separation of the vinous
particles from vinous fermented liquids, when the further process of vinegar
making is not performed on the remaining liquids contained in such closed
vessels. My Invention being only intended, first, to apply to the process of
vinegar making when vinous fermented liquids are operated on from the liquor
which remains after the vinous particles are separated; and, secondly, to vinegar
making and saving the vinous particles separate therefrom, and for use, when
acetous fermented liquids are being operated on, as is described in my said
Specification; and, lastly, in order to make the title of the said Invention conform
with the Invention which will remain after such Disclaimer is made, I do dis-
claim so much of the title as is contained in the following words, "the con-
struction of furnaces for generating heat;" and in oder to make sense in the
remainder of the said title, I disclaim the words "and also in" in the title,
which immediately follow the words already disclaimed.
In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand, this Twenty-eighth day
of December One thousand eight hundred and thirty five

page_text: cation, I have accordingly granted leave to the said John Cooper Douglas to
file his said Disclaimer and alteration, pursuant to the Statute passed in the
sixth year of the reign of His present Majesty, entitled "An Act to amend
the Law touching Letters Patent for Inventions."
Lincoln Inn, 7th January, 1836.
R. M. ROLfe.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-seventh day of January,
in the sixth year of the reign of His Majesty King William the Fourth, the
said John Cooper Douglas came before our said Lord the King in His
Chancery, and acknowledged the instrument aforesaid, and all and everything
therein contained and specified, in form above written. And also the instru-
ment aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the Statute made in
the fifty-fifth year of the reign of His late Majesty King George the Third.
Inrolled the Twenty-seventh day of January, One thousand eight hundred
and thirty-six.