THE APPLICATION OF STONEWARE OR EARTHENWARE, COLOURED OR PLAIN, TO IMPROVED AND ORIGINAL DESIGNS
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Northen, of 14, Vauxhall Walk, Lambeth,
in the County of Surrey, Potter, for the Invention of "THE APPLICATION
OF STONEWARE OR EARTHENWARE, COLOURED OR PLAIN, TO IMPROVED AND
ORIGINAL DESIGNS."
Sealed the 10th September 1858, and dated the 12th July 1858.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said William Northen at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and Declara-
tion, on the 12th July 1858, pursuant to the 9th Section of the Patent
Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
NORTHEN, of 14, Vauxhall Walk, Lambeth, in the County of Surrey, Potter,
send greeting.
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "THE APPLICATION OF
STONEWARE OR EARTHENWARE, COLORED OR PLAIN, TO IMPROVED AND ORIGINAL
DESIGNS," and have petitioned Her Majesty to grant unto me, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, Her Royal Letters Patent for the same, and
have made solemn declaration that I verily believe myself to be the true and
first Inventor thereof.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Northen, do hereby decla
that the following Complete Specification, under my hand and seal, fully
describes and ascertains the nature of my said Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings (that is to say):-
My Invention consists in an improved _description of stoneware pipes used
for drains by a more convenient mode of laying, examining, securing, and
cleasing the same; in an improved, also a more convenient and expeditious,
method of constructing and examining sewers, culverts, or other similar works
manufactured from stoneware; in making closed cylindrical or square stone-
ware vessels with suitable bungs or stoppers adapted for various purposes of
commerce; in constructing stoneware jars or vessels in such a manner that
when the cover or lid is on, by a turn it is fastened to the jar, and the contents
hermetically sealed; in an improved description of stoneware mangers and
troughs for stables; in the application of colours, such as blue, green, scarlet,
crimson, violet, lilac, to the exterior of stoneware jars or bottles, in any design
required.
My Invention for an improved description of stoneware pipes used for drain's
by a more convenient mode of laying, examining, securing, and cleansing
the same, consists of four descriptions, as shewn in the Diagrams num-
bered 1, 2, 3, 4.
A, A, A, A, No. 1, a double flanged or socketed pipe at both ends, cut in
half longitudinally, with various kind of grooves and tongues the length of
the pipe as a, b, c, d, any of which can be used, or with external side flanges,
as shewn in Diagram No. 2, e, e. These grooves, with corresponding tongues
or flanges, secure the liquid in the drain, and by removing the upper half of
the pipe enables it to be examined and cleansed without disturbing the con-
tinuance of the drain; the angular pieces or seats f, g, can either be attached
to the socket ends and continued the length of the pipe, if necessary, or
dispensed with.
B, B, No. 3, are two plain pipes with the upper half at each end h, h, h, h,
cut away to the extent of three or more inches longitudinally, the lower
portion of which are intended to butt against each other, as at k, resting upon
the double socketed side, flanged or tongued and grooved half pipe i, thereby
forming one continuous drain, but leaving an aperture for cleansing and
examining same, which aperture is covered by the corresponding half pipe i,
both of which being side flanged, grooved, or tongued, secure the liquid in the
drain.
C, C, No. 4, are two double half socketed pipes, to be used with two half

page_text: plain pipes m, n, the lower portion forming a continuous drain, whilst the top
can be removed for examining and cleansing the same; these half pipes can
be used either with or without side flanges and tongues or grooves.
My Invention for an improved, also a more convenient and expeditious,
method of constructing sewers, culverts, or other similar works manu-
factured from stoneware, consists of three descriptions, as shewn in the
Diagrams D, E, F, numbered 5, 6, 7.
D, No. 5, is a sewer constructed by a semicircle q, q, for the arch and two
segments on right angles for the base o, p, all joined together by means of side
flanges or tongues and grooves in lengths of one or more feet, apertures being
left according in size to, the diameter of the sewer at r and o, p, a small hole
being made in the centre of the arch, if necessary, for the purpose of enabling
the same to be taken of and the sewer examined.
E, No. 6, is a sewer constructed by using two of the semicircles of D,
No. 5:
F, No. 7, is a sewer constructed by using four segments similar to the base
of D, No. 5.
My Invention for making closed cylindrical or. square stoneware vessels
with suitable bungs. or stoppers adapted for various purposes of commerce,
consists of entirely a new description of article made from stoneware, as shewn
in. Diagram G, No. 8. s, an orifice of sufficient diameter. (varying according
to the size of the vessel) to admit of a ground in stoneware stopper with. a hole
through the top, or a screwed wooden shouldered bung with a hole through the
centre to admit of a tap; when the stopper is used a neck will have to project
with holes on each side to enable it being fastened down. u is a hole made for
a vent peg.
When the vessel is required for liquid. I prefer the top and
bottom to project wider than the cylinder as at t, in order the two ends should
take the bearing. when the vessel is laying down, but can be made without and
the vessel entirely square, if necessary.
My Invention for constructing stoneware jars or vessels in such a manner
that when the cover or lid is on. by. a turn it is fastened to the jar and the
contents hermetically sealed, consists of a stoneware jar or vessel constructed
as shewn in Diagram H, No. 9, and the cover or lid as at I, I, I, numbered 10,
11, 12. v, v, are two projections on each side of the neck of the jar or vessel,
or niches in the neck may be made. if the lid No. 11 is preferred to be used.
w, w, a groove made round the said neck; y, y, a projecting ring inside the lid
No. 10; a, a, two portions of the ring cut away sufficiently wide to admit of
the lid passing over the projections v, v; a, a, two scotches inside the lid
No. 11, which when on the ring or scotches, fit on the shoulder of the jar or

page_text: vessel, and by a slight turn either the ring or scotches occupy the groove w, w,
thereby fastening the same to the jar z, No. 12, a round and hollow projecting
flange from the inside of the top of the lid, its. diameter being regulated
according to the interior width of the jar, which when put on, and a small
slip of parchment, skin, or paper is pasted over the joint outside, hermetically
seals the contents. Or, if necessary to make it more secure, an india-rubber
or elastic ring or collar b, b, may be placed round the flange close to the inside
top of the lid.
My Invention for an improved description of stoneware mangers and
troughs for stables consists of a projection being made inside the manger and
trough, as shewn in Diagrams K, L, numbered. 13 and. 14, e, e, thereby pre-
venting the food of the cattle from being wasted.
My Invention for the application of colours, such as blue, green, scarlet,
crimson, violet, lilac, to the exterior of stoneware jars or bottles in any. design
required, consists by using the metallic oxide of the colour desired with, the
ordinary fluxes, and afterwards dipping the jars, whether plain, colored; or
ornamented with any design, into a white stoneware glaze, thereby preventing
the extreme action of the height from destroying the colour.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, I would remark that
what I claim is as follows, namely,―
I claim in No. 1 the invention of double socketed half pipes, manufactured
of stoneware or earthenware, with or without side flanges or tongues and
grooves, and attaching seats to the pipes as shewn in No. 2.
I claim in No. 3 the mode of laying stoneware or earthenware pipes for
drains in connection with side flanged or tongued and grooved rests and
covering pipes as described.
I claim in No. 4 the use of half plain stoneware or earthenware pipes in
connexion with half double socketed pipes, with or without side flanges or
tongues and grooves as described.
I claim also the use of single socketed half pipes, with side flanges, tongues,
or grooves, and to be used, if necessary, in any way in connexion with the
pipes, as shewn in the Diagrams, No. 1, 2, 3, 4.
I claim in No. 5, 6, 7, the invention of constructing sewers, culverts, or
other similar works make from stoneware or earthenware as described.
I claim in No. 8 the invention of closed cylindrical or square stoneware or
earthenware vessels as described.
I claim in No. 9 the invention of fastening the lids or covers to stoneware
jars or vessels, and of hermetically sealing the contents by the application of
india-rubber or elastic collars as described.

page_text: I claim in No. 13 and 14 the improvement in stoneware or earthenware
nangers and troughs as described.
I claim the invention of applying coloured designs in various colors to the
exterior of stoneware jars or bottles as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Northen, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twelfth day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight.
W. NORTHEN. (L.B.)