AN IMPROVED MODE OF MANUFACTURING DOUGH OR PASTE, FOR THE PURPOSE OF BAKING INTO BREAD
Year: 1830

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWIN
CLAYTON, of Bridlesmith Gate, in the Town and County of the Town of
Nottingham, Baker, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date
at Westminster, the Thirty-first day of August, in the first year of His reign,
did, for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Edwin Clayton, my exors, adiñors, and assigns, His special licence, that I,
the said Edwin Clayton, my exors, admors, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said Edwin Clayton, my exors, adiñiors, or assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term
of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my
Invention of "AN IMPROVED MODE OF MANUFACTURING DOUGH OR PASTE, FOR THE
PURPOSE OF BAKING INTO BREAD;" in which said Letters Patent is contained
a proviso, obliging me, the said Edwin Clayton, by an instrument in writing
under my hand and seal, particularly to describe and ascertain the nature of
my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, and to
cause the same to be enrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery
within two calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto
had, will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Edwin Clayton, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention to consist
in manufacturing dough in a revolving barrel by means of an internal frame
made to revolve in a contrary direction to the barrel.
And in further compliance with the said proviso, I, the said Edwin Clayton,
do hereby describe the manner in which my said Invention is to be performed,
by the following description thereof, reference being had to the Drawing
annexed, and to the letters marked thereon (that is to say):-
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
The Drawing represents a front elevation of a machine for manufacturing
dough in my improved mode, the barrel being shewn in section the better to
exhibit the internal arrangement.
A, A, is a barrel, supported on the framework B, B, B, by the axes C, D.
These axes are screwed by arms c, c, e, e, to the ends of the barrel, and are
turned by the handle F. The axis C is hollow, and has the spur wheel G
fixed to its outer end; and the axis D has a small socket bored in its inner
end at H, to receive the axis of the internal works, which consist of J, J,
K, K, forming an oblong square frame, of which the two sides J, J, are two
blades or knives, and the two ends K, K, plain bars, to hold the ends of the
Llales and to fasten the axes to. It will be seen that one axis of this frame
rests and turns in the socket H, and the other passes through the hollow axis
of the barrel C, and terminates in the handle L, being sufficiently long to
admit of the spur wheel M being put in or out of gear with N and G by
meerly sliding it along that part of the axis. For this purpose the wheel M
is furnished with a screw at o, to fix it at any required position. N is a loose
spur wheel, to cause the reverse movement herein-before alluded to; and P
is the lid of the opening into the barrel.
In order to put in practice my improved mode of manufacturing dough, I
put into the barrel the necessary quantity of flour, water, and yeast, sufficient
for the setting of the leaven for a given quantity of paste, and the lid of the
barrel being then put on, I turn the handle F of the machine, which, of course,
turns the barrel and the spur wheel G round in the same direction, while the
spur gear N, M, turns the internal frame J, J, K, K, to the axis of which it is
connected, in a contrary direction. After a few times turning, the ingredients
are sufficiently mixed together; I let these stand for a short time ; warm
water and salt (about similar quantities to what would be used in making
paste in the old way by the hand) are then put into the barrel to the leaven,
and the handle F of the machine is again turned by any power, whilst the

page_text: leaven and water are mixed together. The flour is then added, and the
power again applied until the whole is sufficiently worked and become paste.
Whilst working, it is necessary to allow the air to escape out of the barrel by
removing a vent.peg with which it should be supplied twice or thrice; the lid
is then opened and the paste permitted to rise, as is necessary in the old way of
bread making, and when properly risen it may be run out of the barrel, and is
ready to be baked. It is impossible to define the exact quantity, of flour, water,
yeast, and salt to be used for the making of a given quantity of paste, as it
will vary according to the description of bread intended to be made and
quality of flour used; but the quantities necessary are known to all persons in:
the constant practice of making bread; nor can the time necessary for the
machine to be worked be stated, as that will depend on the quantity of paste
making in the machine, the size of the machine, and the speed at which it is
turned. In making up eighteen stone of flour in a machine in size equal to
seventy gallons, and turned by the hand, I generally work it twenty minutes.
If at any time it should be required to turn the internal frame J, J, K, K,
without the barrel, the spur wheel M must be slid towards the handle L
which handle, if then turned, will have the desired effect.
Now, whereas various attempts have been made to manufacture dough or
paste for baking into bread by means of revolving kneading troughs or internal
spindles, with arms to work the dough, but which have failed for want of the
reverse motion of the internal machinery. I therefore claim as my Invention
the following improvement, that is to say:-The hollow axis C, the socket H,
and the application of the spur gear G, M, N.
And such my Invention being to the best of my knowledge and belief
entirely new, and never before used within that part of His said Majesty's
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called England, His said
Dominion of Wales, or Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, I do hereby declare
this to be my Specification of the same, and that I do verily believe this
my Specification doth comply in all respects fully and without reserve or
disguise with the proviso in the said herein-before in part recited Letters
Patent contained; wherefore I do hereby claim to maintain exclusive right
and privilege to my said Invention.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edwin Clayton, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of October, One thousand eight
hundred and thirty.
EDWIN (L.8.) CLAYTON.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-fifth day of October, in
the year of our Lord 1830, the aforesaid Edwin Clayton came before our said
Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification afore-
said, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above
written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the
tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Thirtieth day of October, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and thirty.