Improvements in Heat Non-conducting Coverings for Pipes and the like.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 4th Feb., 1896-Accepted, 23rd May, 1896
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Heat Non-conducting Coverings for Pipes and
the like.
We, ALBERT ZINZEN, Manufacturer of 29, Victoriastrasse Düsseldorf in the
Province of Rhineland and Kingdom of Prussia and OSCAR BECKMANN, Architect
of 2, Pfälzerstrasse, Cologne in the Province of Rhineland and Kingdom of
Prussia, Gerinany do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the saine is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
The present invention refers to the substances in the shape of plates stones and
the like, used as a covering for steam-pipes, boilers etc. and refers as well to the
production of the compound formning these bodies as also to the form and
construction of the bodies and the covering made from them.
The compound from which the bodies are made consists chiefly of a suitable
lime composition, such as plaster of Paris, marble-cement, shell-lime, egg-shells
and the like, combined with ashes and, if necessary, with the addition of cement in
a suitable chemical
the required quantity as well as with the admixture of
lye, e.g. vitriol, alum, borax, and so on.
While the mixture is being made uniformly rigid particles of organic bodies in
the shape of crumbs or fibres, such as wood-shavings, flax, and cocoa refuse reeds,
straw, hair, feathers are uniformly added, so that the result is a homogeneous mass,
which is very hard to break either by a fall or a blow.
By the application of the materials enumerated above, the compound and the
bodies made from it, are given all those qualities, which a heat preserving covering
that is good and useful in every respect should have. These qualities are: As
small a weight as possible, great resistance to fire, i.e. small heat-conducting power
resistance to the influences of the weather and rot, not easy to break, easily
handled and attached.
All these qualities are attained in our compound and in the bodies made from it.
The following are the different substances used in their composition.
The compositions of lime are easy and incombustible. The compound becomes
still lighter, while having the same volume, and less of a good heat-conductor, by
the addition of ashes.
If cement is added, it is with the object of binding these substances the more
tirmly with each other and of making the whole compound harder; of course the
lightness of the compound must not suffer by the addition of too much cement.
The penetration and treatment of the compound with the above-mentioned
chemical lyes has the object of rendering the whole compound, especially the small
organic particles, which are equally spread throughout the same, safe against fire
and rot, and to make it harden quickly the addition and the uniform distribution
of organic particles in the compound makes the latter and the bodies that are
formed of it somewhat softer and tougher and less brittle and therefore less fragile,
thus increasing its power of resisting blows, falls and concussions during transit,
while being handled, and when other objects come in contact with the finished
isolated pipes.
It goes without saying, that the bodies formed from this compound may be
given a still greater adhesion and a still greater rigidity by giving the whole mass
a firm tough frame by the further addition of spun, woven, plaided, knotted layers
of jute, linen, hemp, wool, cotton, wire and the like.

page_text: The shape, construction and arrangement of the heat-preserving bodies made
from this compound, with regard to each other and to the bodies, that are to be
isolated, will be seen from the annexed drawing.
It is of importance, that between the body A, that is to be isolated and the
heat-preserving mantle B an air-mantle C, which considerably increases the
isolation and almost renders it perfect, should be shut in. Here the shape and
construction of the different parts of the heat-preserving mantle B is chosen of
such a kind, that it rests on the body A in such a manner as to preserve the right
distance the surface of contact, at the same time, between A and B being reduced
to the smallest possible amount. This is done by the arrangement of projections
of the height of the desired layer of air C, on the inside of the heat-preserving
mantle B, as shown in the drawing in two principal kinds :
1. In the shape of ribs,
2. In the shape of a number of separate cone or nail-like projections.
Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4 show the rib-shaped projections of various makes, vis.:
Fig. 1 shows longitudinal ribs, running along the mantle,
Fig. 2 shows transverse, ring-shaped,
Fig. 3 shows ribs crossing each other and thus forming squares.
Fig. 4 shows zigzag or spiral ribs.
Fig. 5 shows the heat-preserving body with different projections b b of square or
round section with a straight blunted or rounded point as surface of contact.
It will be easily seen that the covering made according to Fig. 5 has the smallest
aniount of contact surface between A and B, thus having the sinallest amount of
radiation of heat, but on the other band isolating mantles of this kind are inost
liable to injury, we therefore think, that the kind shown in Fig. 3 is the most
preferable.
The isolating mantle A is made by placing the different pieces, which are shaped
as stones, plates or moulds, together and joining them firmly by a suitable mortar,
whereupon the whole is wrapped round in a suitable ribbon-shaped material.
( Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. Heat non conducting coverings for pipes and the like, distinguished by the
compound consisting of lime in any kind of suitable composition and ashes with or
without the addition of cement and treated with suitable chemicals, such as vitriol,
alum, borax, in which uniformly distributed rigid particles of organic bodies in the
shape of particles, small pieces or fibres are embedded.
2. The arrangement of projections of any kind or shape on the inner surface of
the heat-preserving bedy in order to make a layer of air between the heat-
preserving mantle B and the body A that is to be enveloped and in order to
diminish as much as possible the surface of contact between A and B.
3. In the manufacture of the heat-preserving mantle B of separate isolating
bodies, tied together and firmly joined by a suitable mortar and wound round with
a suitable materiel of the shape of a ribbon.
Dated this 22nd day of Januar 1900