IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOLTS FOR FASTENING DOORS AND FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Greenway, of Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF BOLTS FOR FASTENING DOORS AND FOR OTHER LIKE
PURPOSES."
Sealed the 23rd May 1862, and dated the 27th March 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Greenway at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
March 1862.
I, WILLIAM GREENWAY, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said. Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOLTS FOR FASTENING DOORS AND FOR OTHER LIKE
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to bolts of the kind commonly called patent barrel
bolts, that is to say, bolts in which the sliding bolt or rod is in a great part
concealed by a case or barrel in which it slides.
My said Invention consists in making and putting together the bolt and its
case and plate, in the manner herein-after described. I make the barrel or
case of one piece of sheet metal, and I make the bolt and its handle of one rod
or bar. In the ordinary method of manufacturing the said barrel bolts the
handle is made of a separate piece from the bolt, and is fixed in the bolt after
the said bolt has been introduced into the barrel.
By my improvements a solid ended bolt, that is, a bolt and handle in one
piece, may be introduced into a case made together with the plate of one piece.

page_text: of sheet metal. In making the bolt and handle I form them from one bar of
metal by forging, stamping, or casting. In making the case and plate I cut and
pierce a plate of sheet metal in the ordinary way, and by means of a press and
pressing tools I raise the blank into a trough-like form along its middle, the
sides of the slot along which the handle of the bolt works being left parallel or
unbent at their top edges. The bolt is then dropped into the trough in the
blank, the handle being passed through the slot in the said blank. By means
of a press and a pair of dies the blauk is closed upon the bolt, the middle of
the said blank forming the case or barrel, and the sides of the said blank
forming the plate by which the bolt is fixed to a door or other article. As,
however, the closing of the case upon the bolt as a mandril would make the
case fit too tightly on the bolt, I place a thin slit tube of steel upon the bolt
before closing the case upon it, and I also insert a short solid mandril of the
same diameter as the slit tube in the end of the partially formed case not
occupied by the bolt. After the action of the closing dies the slit tube is with-
drawn from the case at one end and the short mandril from the other end, and
the bolt is now complete, the bolt working freely in its case. Instead of intro-
ducing the bolt into the partially formed case, and closing the case upon it as
described, the case may be closed upon a mandril, and the solid-ended bolt
introduced into the case by making a longitudinal slit in the top of the short
portion of the barrel, situated beyond the slot, and opening the said slit part
sufficiently to allow of the introduction of the bolt. The slit part is afterwards
closed by pressure; I prefer, however, the process of manufacture first
described. Although I prefer to employ a bolt and handle made in one piece,
yet a bolt and handle made separately, and fixed together before being put in
the case may be employed.
My Invention is applicable to the manufacture of bolts of various metals
and allows
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Greenway in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 30
23rd September 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
GREENWAY, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters 35
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of March, in the year of-our.

page_text: Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-fifth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said William Greenway, Her special licence that I, the said William
Greenway, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
5 said William Greenway, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOLTS FOR FASTENING DOORS AND FOR OTHER LIKE
PURPOSES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said William
Greenway, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Greenway, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:-
My Invention relates to bolts of the kind commonly called patent barrel
bolts, that is to say, bolts in which the sliding rod or bolt is in a great part
concealed by a case or barrel in which it slides.
My Invention consists in making and putting together the bolt, and its
case, and plate essentially in the ways herein-after particularly described, and:
illustrated in the accompanying Drawings.
In carrying my Invention into effect I make the barrel or case, and plate
of one piece of sheet matal, and I make the bolt and its handle of one rod or
bar. In the ordinary method of manufacturing the said barrel bolts, the
handle is made of a separate piece from the bolt, and is fixed on the bolt after
the said bolt has been introduced into the case or barrel.
By my improvements a solid-ended bolt, that is to say, a bolt and handle in
one piece, may be introduced into a case made together with the plate of one
piece of sheet metal. In making the case and plate I cut from sheet
metal, by means of a press or stamp, and cutting tools, or by means of circular
or other shears, a blank of the form represented in plan in Figure 1 of the
Drawings.
I take the blank, Figure 1, and pierce it with an opening a, as repre-

page_text: I next
sented in Figure 2, the said opening forming the slot of the bolt case.
pierce in the blank, Figure 2, the holes, for the screws by which the bolt is:
fastened to a door or other article. The blank in this stage of its manufacture
is represented in Figure 3. I take the pierced blank, Figure 3, and by means
of a press and pressing tools, or by means of a vice with clams, or by a drawing
process, I raise the blank into a trough-like form along its middle, the sides of
the slot along which the handle of the bolt works being left parallel or unbent
at their top edges. The partially made case or barrel is represented in plan
in Figure 4, and also in plan with a solid ended bolt introduced into the said
barrel in Figure 5, and end elevation in Figure 6. In introducting the rod
or bolt b with a solid end or handle c into the trough d, the said bolt b is
dropped into the said trough, and its. handle c passed through, the slot e, as
represented in Figures 5 and 6. The solid ended bolt b, c, can either be
passed into the trough d, from the front or from the back of the raised blank.
When the bolt has been introduced into, the trough in the manner represented
in Figures 5 and 6, the trough-shaped, blank is closed upon the rod 6 of the
solid ended bolt b, c, by means of a pair of dies worked in a press, or, by. a vice
with clams, or by a drawing process, the said closing converting the trough of
the. blank into the case or barrel of the bolt, and the sides of the said
blank into the plate by which the bolt is fixed to a door or other article.
Figure 7 represents in horizontal section the case or barrel of the bolt made
by closing the trough-shaped blank upon the rod of the bolt, and Figure 8 is an
end elevation of the same. In the said Figures 7 and 8 the case. or barrel is
marked f, and the plate is marked g. As however the closing of the case or
barrel fupon the, bolt or rod b as a mandril would make the case fit too
tightly upon the said bolt. I place a thin slit tube h, Figures 5,, 6, 7, and 8
upon the rod or bolt 6 before closing the case upon it, and I also insert a short
solid, mandril i of the same diameter as the bolt b in the end of the partially
formed case not occupied by the said bolt b.. The positions of the said slit
tube h, and short solid, mandril, i, before and after the closing of the case upon
the bolt, are respectively-shewn, in Figures 5, 6, 7, and 8. The short man-
dril i is represented separately in side elevation, and end elevation in Figure 9.
One end of the said, mandril, i is, provided. with a tubular fork k, by which. it
is enabled to clip the end of the bolt, and upon, which, tubular, fork k the end
of the case. is closed. After the case, has been closed upon the bolt 6 the
slit tube his withdrawn from the bolt at one end, and the short solid mandril
is withdrawn from, the other end, and the bolt is now complete, the bolt or rod
b working freely in its case f. Instead of introducing the bolt into the partially
formed case, and closing the case upon it as before described, and illustrated

page_text: n the Drawings, the case may be closed upon a mandril, and the solid-ended
bolt afterwards introduced into the case by making a longitudinal slit in the
op of the short portion of the case or barrel situated beyond the slot, and
opening the said slit part sufficiently to allow of the introduction of the bolt.
The slit part is afterwards closed by pressure..
Figure 10 represents in plan, and Figure 11 in end elevation a bolt the
case of which has been closed upon a mandril as last described, the slit end
being opened for the introduction of the solid-ended bolt. The opened slit end
of the case is marked 7. in Figures 10 and 11. The solid-ended bolt, having
been introduced into its case through the said slit end l, as represented in the
said Figures 10 and 11, the said end 7 is closed. by pressure upon a mandril,
similar to the mandril i,, and the bolt is thereby fixed in the barrel or case.
Or instead of slitting and opening the end of the case for the, introduction of
the bolt, an additional slot or opening may be pierced in the blank, so that
when the said blank is raised and afterwards: closed upon a solid mandril,. a
slot is left in the end of the case sufficiently large to permit of the introduction
of the bolt into the case through the said slot. After the introduction of the.
solid-ended bolt, the slot is covered by a plate similar in shape to the end of
the case, but of larger diameter in its curved part.
Figure 12 represents an end elevation of the case or barrel of a bolt made:
in the manner last, described, and Figure 13 represents the plate, which is
fixed over the open end; of the bolt case after the introduction of the solid-
ended bolt, in order to secure the said bolt in its case. I prefer however:
to carry my Invention into effect by the process of manufacture first:
described..
I form the solid-ended bolts, which I prefer to use, from one bar or rod of
metal, by forging, stamping, or casting, and although I prefer to use a bolt:
and handle made in one piece, yet a bolt: and handle made separately, and
fixed together before; being put in the case,, may be employed. When I make
the solid-ended bolts by forging, I use a pair of dies, and a swage, as illus-
trated in Figures. 14 and 15 of the Drawings, Figure 14 representing a plan:
of the face of one of the dies (the other die being removed therefrom) and.
a section of a portion of the swage, and. Figure 15 representing a cross
section of the two dies brought; together,. the said section being taken through:
the handle of the bolt.. In each of the dies m, n, a depression is made, thei
said; depression having such a figure, that when the dies m, n, are brought-
together the space they enclose has; the.figure of the rod of the bolt. and! a
greater part of the handle; of the 'bolt, the: remaining portion of the handle:

page_text: being formed by a properly shaped depression in the head of the swage o, a
seen in Figure 14. Each of the dies m, n, has a rectangular recess in on
end, into which the swage o is inserted, and is guided to its work by the sai
recesses, as seen in Figure 14. The dies are held together by means of a
band and a wedge, or by a cramp, or in any other way. A rod p, of the
length indicated in dotted lines in Figure 14, and having one end heated to
redness, being introduced and held in the dies m, n. The swage o is made
to act upon the said heated end so as to upset it and force it into the open
space in the end of the dies. The handle q is thus made on the end of the
rod p,. and a solid-ended bolt produced.
Figure 16. represents in side elevation the upper die of a pair of dies which
I employ for closing the partially raised. barrel, or case upon a solid-ended
bolt; Figure 17 is a plan of the face of, the lower die; and Figure 18 is a
transverse section of portions of the upper and lower dies. In Figures 17
and 18 a bolt is, represented in the dies after. the said dies have operated
upon it. In the lower die r. an opening s is made in which the handle of the
solid-ended bolt can enter, when the partially made case is placed in the lower
die, and a similar opening t is made in the upper die u, in which the upper
half of the handle of the bolt enters, when the said upper die is brought down
upon the lower die in order to close the case upon the bolt. A plate w is
fixed to the lower dier against which the plate of the bolt case is supported
during the action of the dies. The construction and action of the dies r, u,
and the position of the bolt therein, will be readily understood by an exami-
nation of the Drawings. In Figure 17 the slit tube and short solid mandril,
which are employed during the closing process, are omitted, but in Figure 18
the slit tube is represented encircling the bolt.. My Invention is applicable to
the manufacture of bolts of various metals and alloys..
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I do not
limit myself to the precise details herein described and illustrated in the
Drawings, as the same may be varied without departing from the nature of
my Invention; but I claim as my Invention,-
Firstly, the improvement in the manufacture of bolts of the kind called
patent barrel bolts, berein-before described and illustrated in Figures 1 to 9,
both inclusive, of the accompanying Drawings, that is to say, closing the barrel
or case of the said bolts upon a solid-ended bolt, or upon a bolt the handle and
rod of which are made separately and fixed together before the barrel or case
is closed upon the said rod, the said. barrel or case and its plate being made..

page_text: from one piece of sheet metal, the said closing of the barrel or case upon the
bolt being effected either by a pair of dies, or by clams pressed together by
a vice, or by a drawing process.
Secondly, the improvements in the manufacture of bolts of the kind called
patent barrel bolts, herein-before described and illustrated in Figures 10, 11,
12, and 13 of the accompanying Drawings.
Thirdly, the improvement in the manufacture of solid-ended rods or bolts
for patent barrel bolts, herein-before described, and illustrated in Figures 14
and 15 of the accompanying Drawings, that is to say, by the use of a pair of
dies and a swage.
Lastly, the improvement in the manufacture of patent barrel bolts, herein-
before described and illustrated in Figures 16, 17, and 18 of the accompanying
Drawings, that is to say, by the use of dies having slots, in which slots
the bandle of the rod or bolt enters during the manufacture of the bolts.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Greenway, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of September, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
Witness,
RICHARD SKERRETT,
Clerk to George Shaw,
Birmingham.
WILLIAM GREENWAY. (L.S.)