Improvements in Apparatus for the Manufacture of Balusters and Newel Posts, Table Legs, or similar Work in which the Appear-ance of a Square Section at any Part is Required.
Year: 1896

page_text: Complete Specification Left, 28th June, 1897-Accepted, 31st July, 1897
Improvements in Apparatus for the Manufacture of Balusters and
Newel Posts, Table Legs, or similar Work in which the Appear-
ance of a Square Section at any Part is Required.
I, CUTHBERT MARE, of 52 Bede Burn Road, Jarrow, in the County of Durham
Mahogany Merchant, &c., do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
My invention applies to the manufacture of those balusters and newel posts
which have an approximately square section and are made on such wheels as those
described in the specification of my Patent No. 1668795.
Balusters and newel posts of square section have been cut singly by means of
very rapidly revolving cutters of the desired shape into the range of which the
balusters or newel posts have been fed, as is weil understood in the trade, and
balusters and newel posts have been made of approximately square section by turn-
ing by hand on large wheels in the manner described in my said patent before
referred to. Now I by my present invention dispense in a large degree with hand
labour by a combination of the two different processes. That is to say I fix the
prepared wood intended for the balusters or newel posts on the circumference of a
large wheel in any convenient manner, and I fix near to the prepared wood a table
carrying a spindle on which cutters are fixed in any convenient way. The table
has a double movement like the slide rest of a lathe, that is to say a movement
towards and from the axis of the large wheel before mentioned, and a movement
in a direction parallel to that axis and I provide means whereby to set the cutters
at an exact point as is well understood. Having thus arranged the mechanism
and charged the large wheel with the wood intended to be worked. I cause the
spindie on the table with the cutters upon it to revolve at a very high rate of speed,
and I advance the table towards the axis of the large wheel so as to bring the
cutters into contact with the wood. While the cutters are thus operating on the
wood I cause the large wheel before mentioned to revolve slowly at an uniform or
nearly uniform regulated speed, so as thus by degrees to bring its whole circum-
ference into contact with the cutters, and by any desired movement thus to pro-
duce uniform work. For the purpose afterwards of giving a high finish to the
work, I may then draw the cutters back and cause the spindle to stop, and I then
cause the larger wheel to revolve rapidly during which revolution I apply sand
paper to the surface of the work or rubbers to which fine sand is fed or polishing
pads of any convenient kind and thus secure the absolute uniformity due to the
form and position of the cutters, and the inexpensive nicety of finish due to the
action of the large wheel.
Dated this Twenty-sixth day of September 1896.

page_text: Improvements in Apparatus for the Manufacture of Balusters and
Newel Posts, Table Legs, or similar Work in which the Appear-
ance of a Square Section at any Part is Required.
I, CUTHBERT MARK, of 52 Bede Burn Road, Jarrow, in the County of Durham
Mahogany Merchant &c., do hereby declare, the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement:-
My invention applies to the manufacture of those balusters and newel posts
which have an approximately square section and are made on such wheels as those
described in the specification of my Patent No. 166875.
Balusters and newel posts of square section have been cut singly by means of
very rapidly revolving cutters of the desired shape into the range of which the
balusters or newel posts have been fed, as is well understood in the trade, and
balusters and newel posts have been made of approximately square section by turn-
ing by hand on large wheels in the manner described in my said patent before
referred to. Now I by my present invention dispense in a large degree with hand
labour, by a combination of the two different processes. That is to say 'I fix, the
prepared wood intended for the balusters or newel posts on the circumference of a
large wheel in any convenient manner, and I fix near to the prepared wood a table
carrying a spindle on, which cutters are fixed in any convenient way. The table
as a double movement like the slide rest. of a lathe, that is to say a movement
towards and from the axis of the large wheel before mentioned, and a movement
in a direction parallel to that axis and I provide means whereby to set the cutters
at an exact point as is well understood.. Having thus arranged the mechanism
and charged the large wheel with the wood intended to be worked. I cause the
spindle on the table with the cutters upon it to revolve at a very high rate of speed,
and I advance the table towards the axis of the large wheel so as to bring the
cutters inte contact with the wood. While the cutters are thus
operating on the wood I cause the large wheel before mentioned to
zevolve slowly at an uniform or nearly uniform regulated speed, sb
as thus by degrees to bring its whole circumference into contact with the
cutters, and by any desired movement thus to produce uniform work. For the
purpose afterwards of giving a high finish. to the work, I may then draw the cutters
back and cause the spindle to stop, and I then cause the larger wheel to revolve
rapidly during which revolution I apply sand paper to the surface of the work or
rubbers to which fine sand is fed, or polishing pads of any convenient kind, and
then secure the absolute uniformity due to the form and position of the cutters,
and the inexpensive nicety of finish due to the action of the large wheel.
In the drawing hereto attached, I shew what I have called the large wheel A
which for simplicity I illustrate almost in skeleton outline; omitting its plummer
blocks, carriages, counter shafts, and driving gear, but shewing B the segments
shewn in my other patent, and C the bolts which fasten them. I omit also for
simplicity detail description and drawings of an ordinary compound slide rest,
cause it is so thoroughly well-understood. Fig. 1 represents the large wheel
described in my.patent No. 1668705; and No. 21417%, but with the addition of the
spindle D, carrying the revolving cutters before referred to. In this figure
shewn the balusters ready for cutting. The large wheel may be caused to revolve
slowly at any desired speed, or quickly by alteration of gear as.is well understood;
the spindle carrying the revolving cutters may at the same time be caused to revolve
with great rapidity. The latter being fixed upon the compound slide rest, before
have

page_text: referred to so that the axis of its revolution is parallel to the axis of revolution of
the large wheel. The compound slide rest has two motions, that is to say one
motion, in both directions, in a line parallel to the axis of the large wheel, and the
axis of the spindle carrying the revolving cutters; this I call the first motion.
And another motion in both directions to bring the wheel and revolving spindle
more nearly together or to place them further apart, the spindle however, and not
the wheel being moved. This I call the second motion. I may introduce also
a vertical motion to raise or depress the revolving spindle, so as to give to the cutters
the most effective tangential position, or to vary this position as may be desired.
Fig. 2 is a section through the middle of the spindle carrying the revolving cutters,
marked E, and Fig. 3 is a side view of end of this spindle with one cutter E, D is
one of the turned ends on which the cutter block revolves. The countersunk
grooves marked V. Figs. 2 and 3 run the whole length of the square part of this
block or spindle, and a bolt with a head corresponding to the shape of the counter-
sunk groove can thus be entered at either end and moved to any part of the
cutter block, and there made use of for fastening the cutter in an exact position,
so as to revolve with the spindle. By means of these bolts I fasten cutters to one
or more of each of the four sides, or to all the sides of the cutter block. And I
so arrange them if on different sides of the cutter block, as that each following
cutter overlaps the work of the preceeding cutter so as to leave no unfinished part
of the work. The cutters are thus arranged in line the full length of that part of
the baluster which I desire to cut and the slide is then fixed by a set bolt against
any motion as previously described called the first motion. The spindle carrying
the cutter is then caused rapidly to revolve, the large wheel is caused slowly to
revolve, and I then advance the cutters towards the large wheel by the motion of
the slide rest last previously described called the second motion. I may arrange
automatic feed so as to make the machine self acting, or I may feed by hand,
and I may arrange stops so as to give absolute uniformity to the work but these are
not essential features of my invention. When the cutting is finished in the way I
have described, I remove the cutters by what I have called the second motion of the
slide rest, I stop their revolution, I cause the large wheel to revolve at a much
advanced speed and polish the work by sand paper, sand rubbers, or any other
convenient means.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
The use of quickly revolving cutters combined with the use of a slowly revolving
wheel for the production of highly finished newel posts, balusters, or similar work
to which it is desired to give the appearance of an apparently square section,
substantially as described.
Dated this Twante sixth day of Luna 1907