Improvements in Mills for Grinding, Pulverizing, Scouring, Polishing, Hulling, Soreening, and Drying Grain and other Substances.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 1st Sept., 1891-Accepted, 23rd Jan., 1892
COMPTE STEIFICATION.
Improvements in Mills for Grinding, Pulverizing, Scouring,
Polishing, Hulling, Soreening, and Drying Grain and other
Substances.
I, JOHN HYDE PENDLETON, of 601. Hamburg Avenue, Brooklyn, in the
County of Kings and State of New York, United States of America, Consulting
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
-
My invention has reference to improvements in mills, and especially to mills for
hulling, grinding, pulverizing, scouring, screening, or separating and polishing
grain and other substances, in which centrifugal force is utilized to produce pressure,
while at the same time a relative motion is produced between the substance and the
walls of the mill.
My invention.consists in certain novel features in the construction of such mills,
as fully pointed out in the following Specification and claims and illustrated in the
accompanying drawings, in which :-
Figure 1 represents an end elevation of a mill constructed in accordance with my
invention.
Figure 2 is a plan view of the same.
Figures 3, 4 and 5 are cross sections showing the positions of the various parts
and the contents of the receptacle during certain periods of a revolution.
Figure 5ª is a cross section illustrating a modified form of the receptacle.
Figure 6 is a side elevation partly in section of a vertical mill with continuous
feed.
Figure 7 is a section in the plane ax Figure 6.
Figure 8 is a side elevation of a duplex mill with double continuous feed, arranged
horizontally.
Figure 9 represents a detail view of belt connections that may be used with a
system of four receptacles.
Figure 10 is a plan view of the same.
Figure 11 is a side elevation of the mill illustrated in Figure 8, a portion being
broken away on the line y y Figure 8.
Figure 12 is a sectional elevation on a larger scale than the preceding figures,
showing the method of feeding the material from the hopper to the mill.
Figure 13 illustrates means whereby the motion can be obtained by the use of
gearing.
Similar letters indicate corresponding parts,
In these drawings, referring at present to Figures 1 and 2, the numeral 1
designates a frame supporting the receptacle 5, into which the material to be treated
is placed; 2, 2, are short shafts from which project two arms 3, 3, to form crank
shafts. To the outer ends of said crank shafts is secured the shaft 4 passing
centrally through the receptacle 5, the latter either being free to turn upon the
said shaft, or the shaft to turn in bearings in the arms.3, 3.
To one of the shafts 2 are attached the driving and loose pulleys 7 and 71.
8, 8, are levers attached at one end to the receptacle 5, their opposite ends
having bearings on a horizontal shaft 9, which is rigidly secured to links 10, 10,
having their lower ends secured to a shaft 11, which has its bearings in the bed-
plate of the frame 1. A door 12 is provided at the upper side of the receptacle for
charging the same, and at the lower side a door 13 is provided for discharging.
On the heads and inner walls of the receptacle, linings 14, 14, are applied, which
are made up of material to suit the work to be performed, such for instance as burr
Price 8d.1
.

page_text: stone, corrugated iron, or any other suitable material for hulling, grinding, scouring,
pulverizing, or polishing, as the case may be. For grinding and the like, a hard
lining is necessary, while for polishing, a softer one must be used.-
Suitable counterpoise weights 6, 6, are provided to balance the system.
The material to be operated upon is placed into the receptacle 5, and shaft 2 is
caused to revolve rapidly by means of pulley 7. The receptacle as a whole is
thereby caused to revolve about the centre line of shafts 2, 2, as a centre, but
is always held approximately in the position shown in Figure 1, by the action of
the lever system, that is to say, the vertical diameter of the receptacle always
remains approximately vertical, consequently the charging door is always at the top
and the discharging door at the bottom.
In the motion of the receptacle about the shafts 2 as a centre of revolution, which
might also be called the centre of force, the tendency of its contents is to seek the
furthest point, and since the receptacle is restrained as described, the contents are
caused to move on the walls of the receptacle in the same direction as the direction
of revolution of the mill, consequently a grinding action is produced with a pressure
depending on the angular velocity of the mill, the contents making a completo
circuit of the receptacle for each revolution of the mill.
In Figures 3, 4 and 5, I have shown the mill at various stages of a revolution
with the attendant position of the contents.
For separating or screening substances, the receptacle is made foraminous, wholly
or only in part, as shown in Figure 2. When intended for drying grain or other
cereals or malt, the receptacle should be made foraminous throughout or nearly so, to
permit the liquid to drain off and give free access to air.
In Figure 54, I have shown a modified form for the receptacle 5, said form being
such that the material 15 is forced to travel against the sides of the receptacle
during a portion of the revolution, whereupon it is caused to jump from the part.
marked 5 to the roughened part 5, at the same time striking a blow and thus
assisting, the pulverization of any large particles. It is ovident that the receptacle
may be built in other forms for various purposes, therefore I do not wish to restrict
myself to any particular form.
In Figures 6 and 7, I have illustrated a vertical mill with a continuous feed.. In
this construction the interior of the receptacle 5 is divided into a number of com-
partments by horizontal partitions 16 containing openings 17 alternating on opposite
sides of the receptacle, said openings having adjustable covers 17 to regulate the
downward feed. The receptacle is provided with a lining 14 of stone or other
grinding, scouring, or polishing material, as the case may require, as described in
the previous example.
The material to be fed into the receptacle 5 is thrown into a stationary hopper 18,
from which it passes through the hollow shaft 2 and the pipe 19, which latter is
secured to the arm 3 and revolves with the receptacle, into the upper compartment
of the receptacle.
From this compartment it falls into the second compartment, where the grinding
action commences to take place against the lining 14. At each revolution a portion
of the material passes through the respective opening 17 in the partition to the next
compartment below, where the grinding action is repeated, and so on, until it is
finally discharged through the spout 23 into a suitable bin 20. It will be noticed
that the discharge takes place only where the receptacle is approximately in the
position shown in the drawings, as in the other positions the mass is not above the
spout, owing to the action of centrifugal force. The wall of the bin 20 is covered
with a suitable padding 21, in case tender cercals or other substances are treated,
to prevent breakage by being discharged against the wall of the bin.
From the bin the material is conducted away, by means of the spout 22, to any
convenient place.
The arms 8, 10, shafts 9, 11, weights 6, 6, frame 1, are substantially the same as
in the former example, and need not be more fully described here.
In Figures 8 and 11 I have shown a duplex system, in which two oppositely.

page_text: placed receptacles are caused to revolve about a common axis, the use of counter-
poises being then dispensed with, while two different substances may be treated at
the same time or the hulling may be done in one and the polishing or separating in
the other. 1 is the frame supporting the system, 3, 3, are vertical arms having at
their opposite ends bearings for the shafts 4, 4, of the respective receptacles 5 and 5¹.
The arins are provided with central hollow trunnions 2" and 2" mounted to turn
freely in bearings in the frame 1.
A rod 2, forked at both ends, acts as a connection and stay between the arms,
and at the same time permits the feed pipes 19, 19, to the vessels 5 and 5', to pass
between the forks. To one of the hollow trunnions is rigidly secured the driving
pulley 7 for revolving the system. To the shafts 4, 4, are secured respectively the
sprocket wheels 27, 27, which are connected by suitable chains 28, 28, with two
wheels 25, 25, the latter being secured by pins 26 to the frame, so as to hold them
stationary. Thus it will be seen that upon revolving the system, the two receptacles
are held always with the discharge spouts or openings 23 down, the same result
being produced relative to the movement of the contents, as before explained.
The material with which the receptacles are to be charged is thrown into the
hoppers 18, 18, see also Figure 12, from whence it passes into the hollow shafts 2,
the latter being slightly flared to facilitate the flow of material into the pipes 19, 19,
which lead to the first compartments of the respective receptacles 5 and 5', said
compartments being padded to prevent breakage of the grain. The interior of
each receptacle is the same as shown in Figures 6 and 7, and need not be more
fully described here.
The discharge takes place through the sponts 23, 23, into different bins 20 and 20¹,
and the material is finally led away by suitable troughs 22, 22.
It will be noticed
that the discharge from the receptacles can take place only when they are in their
lowest positions, i.e., that in which receptacle 5' is shown to be in the drawings, as
the centrifugal action causes the contents of the same to be held away from the
discharge openings when the receptacles are in their other positions.
In Figures 9 and 10 I have shown a driving gear for a quadruplex system, the
same consisting of a stationary pulley a around which a belt bis placed, which
connects with a pulley c and controls the motion of the same. On the same shaft
as pulley c is mounted a pulley c', which controls the system of receptacles, to
which the pulleys c', e, f, and g, are attached, said four pulleys being connected by
an endless belt d passing round the same. Chains and chain wheels may be
substituted for the belts and pulleys.
In Figure 13 I have shown the receptacle 5 as controlled by gearing (see also
Figure 12). In this example three receptacles are shown as revolving about a
common aXIB.
"
29" represents a gear mounted loosely upon the hollow trunnion 2 and prevented
from rotating by means of the pin 27 passing through the same and entering the
frame 1. 29° represent gears made fast to the respective shafts 4 of the receptacles
and 29 are intermediate gears having bearing on horizontal studs secured to the
arms 3, said gears serving to connect gears 29° with the gear 29ª. It is now evident
that if the arms are caused to revolve, the several gears will control the receptacles
in the manner before described.
If desired the gears may be so proportioned that the receptacles will actually
have a rotary motion imparted thereto about their centres at any desired speed, so
as to produce a greater relative motion between the contents and the walls of the
receptacle, or else by rotating the receptacles in the same direction as the movement
of the material, a less relative motion is obtained.
It is evident that various other means could be made use of to control the
receptacles in the manner described, therefore I do not wish to restrict myself to
any of the specific means herein described, nor do I wish to restrict myself to
holding the receptacle in one and the same position, as on some materials I have
found by experiment that it is advantageous to permit of or give to the receptacle
a movement about its own axis in the same direction as the direction of revolution,

page_text: In order that the lining may be exchanged for using the same receptacle for
grinding, scouring, polishing, or other kindred purpose, the same is made removable,
either by having the receptacle formed of two shells bolted together, as shown in
Figure 8, or by having one or both of the heads removable.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In a mill, a receptacle caused to revolve, and means for rotating the receptacle
about its own axis in the same direction as the direction of revolution, substantially
as described.
2. A receptacle- revolving about a fixed axis, combined with a stationary hopper
arranged in line with said axis of revolution, and a feed pipe connected with said
hopper and having a portion rotating about said fixed axis and a radial portion
extending into and revolving with the receptacle, substantially as described.
3. The receptacle & mounted to rotate about a central axis and provided with a
series of compartments connected by contracted openings, means for causing the
receptacle to revolve about a second axis, and a mechanism acting on the receptacle
for controlling its motion about its central axis while revolving, substantially as
described.
4. In a mill, a receptacle caused to revolve, combined with a stationary gear
concentric with the axis of revolution, a second gear on the receptacle, and an inter-
mediate gear, all proportioned to hold the receptacle in a definite position while
revolving, substantially as described.
5. In a mill, two or more receptacles caused to revolve about a common axis, .a
stationary gear arranged concentric with the axis of revolution, gears attached to
the several receptacles, and intermediate gears, all proportioned to hold the
receptacles in certain definite positions, substantially as described.
6. In a mill, a receptacle caused to revolve and held in a certain definite position
by a stationary pulley or chain wheel arranged concentric with the axis of revolu-
tion, a second pulley or chain wheel secured to the receptacle and connected by
a belt or chain with the first wheel, substantially as described.
7. The receptacle 5 having the irregular form described, and provided with
roughened portions 5b, combined with means for revolving the receptacle and con-
trolling its position, the form of said receptacle allowing the material to fly off
tangentially and against the roughened parts, substantially as described.
8. In a mill, a receptacle for the material' to be treated, crank shafts and cranks,
the cranks pivotted to journals projecting from the receptacle, a driving pulley for
rotating the crank shafts and revolving the receptacle, and an arm or arms projecting
from the receptacle and pivotted to a link or links pivotted to a fixed part, substan-
tially as shown and described.
9. In a mill, a receptacle for the material to be treated having a counterpoise
attached, means for revolving the receptacle, an arm or arms projecting from the
receptacle and pivotted to a link or links pivotted to a fixed' part, substantially as
described.
10. In a mill, a receptacle for the material to be treated having counterpoise
attached, cranks shafts and cranks, the latter connected to journals projecting from
the receptacle, a driving pulley for rotating the crank shafts and revolving the
- receptacle, and means for rotating the receptacle on the axis of the journals, sub-.
stantially as shown and described.
11. In a mill, a receptacle for the material to be treated having a balance weight
attached, cranks shafts and cranks, the cranks pivotted to journals projecting from
the receptacle, a driving pulley for rotating the crank shafts and revolving the
receptacle, and an arm or arms projecting from the receptacle and pivotted to a link
or links pivotted to a fixed part, substantially as shown and described.
12. In a mill, the combination of the frame 1, shafts 2, 2, cranks 3, 3, journals 4, 4,
receptacle 5, provided with means for charging the material and for discharging the

page_text: same, and with lining 14, a balance weight 6, driving pulley 7, arms 8 projecting
from the receptacle and pivotted to links 10 pivotted to fixed parts of the machine,
substantially as and for the purpose specified.
13. In a mill, the combination of frame 1, shafts 2, 2, cranks 3, 3, journals 4, 4,
receptacle 5, provided with charging door 12 and discharging door 13, lining 14,
counterpoise 6, driving pulley. 7, arms 8 projecting from the receptacle and pivotted
to links 10 pivotted to fixed parts of the machine, substantially as and for the
purpose specified.
14. The receptacle 5 provided with compartments opening in the partitions at
alternate sides, means for causing the receptacle to revolve, and means for holding
it in a fixed position with respect to its axis, substantially as described.
15. A receptacle provided with an interior padding of soft material at its receiving
end to avoid breakage of the grain while entering said receptacle, substantially as
described.
16. A bin for receiving the material discharged from the mill, having its walls, or
a portion of the same, padded, substantially as described:
Dated this 1st day of September 1891.
JOHN HYDE PENDLETON,
By Harris & Mills,
23, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents.