HEATING Apparatus
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Adrien Jules Alexis Dumoulin, of Paris, in the
Empire of France, Civil Engineer, for the Invention of
IN HEATING Apparatus."
"IMPROVEMENTS
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Adrien Jules Alexis
Dumoulin at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 15th September 1857.
I, ADRIEN JULES ALEXIS DUMOULIN, of Paris, in the Empire of France,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING APPARATUS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to a smoke-consuming heating apparatus applicable
to various purposes. This apparatus consists of a capacity having somewhat
the form of a blast furnace; the coal or fuel is transformed therein into
combustible gases, which are then burnt outside this capacity.
Sheet 1 represents a central vertical section of the improved heating appa-
ratus applied to a boiler of, say, less than twenty horse power.
Sheet 2 represents, at Fig. 1, the elevation, partly in longitudinal section, of
the improved heating apparatus applied to a boiler of, say, more than 20
horse power; and Fig. 2, the transverse section of the same. (In Sheet 1 the
heating apparatus is represented inside the boiler.)
1, heating apparatus or fire-place in the shape of a blast furnace; 2,
exterior boiler within which the heating fire-place is contained. A, A, passage
of the draught or current of air; B, B, air tube to burner of the gases; C,
blast pipe or entrance orifice of the air; D, burner of the gases produced in
the fire-place; a, a, a, space occupied by the films of air; g, g, space occupied
by the films of gas; R, R, dampers regulating the proportion of the air;
Price 8d1

page_text: I, g', helicoidal conduct pipe conducting the gas produced to the burner D; b,
air pipe serving to drive back the gases of the fire-place; E, space for
charging or introducing the fuel; p, p, door of the same; F, ash-pit; H,
reservoir of gas; K, K, helicoidal flues in which the combustion of the gas is
effected; they surround the boiler 2, and heat its exterior; L', exit conduct
pipe of the flames for the natural draught; L, chimney; I, "exit conduct pipe
of the flames when the apparatus is at rest or in lighting it; P, fastened door
of the ash-pit; r, damper of the conduct pipe for the natural draught; M,
steam chest; m, steam-taking tube; n, site of the safety valve; o¹, o¹, damper
of the blast pipe; o, v, t, u, gallery of the blast pipe; X, rod for working the
grate and the damper of the blast pipe. In Sheet 2 the heating apparatus is
exterior of the boiler. In the two Figures, similar letters indicate like parts
where they recur. A, gasogenous apparatus, composed of-similar exterior
apparatus deprived of its masonry; B, tube conducting the gases to the
burner; b, air tube to the air jet; c, box for mixing the air and gas; D, air
jet; a, a, nozzles of the air jet; E, burning jet or burner; F, exterior flues
for the circulation of the flames; G, interior flues; X, Z, rod and handle for
working the circular grate; L, chimney for the draught. The parts being
mounted as indicated in the Drawings and the pressure of air given, part of it
enters the fire-place, and so burns and distils the fuel; another part enters the
burners of the gases through the tubes B¹.
The combustible products arising from the combustion and distillation of
the fuel in the fire-place enter H, and are conducted into g, g, where they are
divided into thin films interpolated with thin films of air, in order to effect the
complete combustion, and are caused to traverse the exterior flues K, K, and
pass thence to the chimney L.
The lighting of the fuel is effected at first by the introduction of incan-
descent coke and by the natural draught of the flue L
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Adrien Jules Alexis Dumoulin in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 13th March 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ADRIEN
JULES ALEXIS DUMOULIN, of Paris, in the Empire of France, Civil Engineer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of September, in the year of our

page_text: Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twenty-first year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Adrien Jules Alexis Dumoulin, Her special licence that I, the said
Adrien Jules Alexis Dumoulin, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Adrien Jules Alexis Dumoulin, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING APPARATUS," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Adrien Jules Alexis Dumoulin, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Adrien Jules Alexis Dumoulin, do hereby.
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Sheet of Drawings hereunto
annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say) :---
My Invention relates to apparatus for the distillation of fuel and consuming
smoke, applicable to the generators of stationary and marine engines, and also
to all the pyrotechnical apparatus in which heat is employed for generating
motive power or as a reducing agent. This new apparatus is in the form of
a model blast furnace. Such furnaces are arranged in particular for utilizing
the gases generated, with this difference, that in the blast furnace the pro-
duction of gas is accessory, whereas in the apparatus herein-after described
it is the principal aim; this special application constitutes the Invention
which it is now sought to protect.
SMOKE-CONSUMING AND GENERATING APPARATUS ADAPTED FOR AN ENGINE
OF LESS THAN TWENTY HORSE POWER.
Figure 1. The apparatus is composed of a sheet-iron cylinder of a strength
oroportionate to the internal pressure: the fire box, which is of the form of

page_text: produces steam. A ventilator or fan, put in motion by a small steam engine,
drives air into the pipe A, A; this air enters the ash-pit F, in which it should
have a pressure equal to a column of water of from seven to ten inches,
according to the nature of the fuel used. Another portion of the air of the
ventilator is directed at the same pressure through the wind tube B, B¹;' it
passes through a circular damper R, which regulates the proportion of air;
this air enters the box D of the burner, where it expands, and leaves through
the openings a, a, a, and mixes with the gas on passing through the openings
9, 9, 9, g, it is there ignited by means of a red-hot poker or iron. The simul-
taneous combustion and distillation of the fuel is accelerated by the air being
constantly driven into the ash-pit at the pressure above indicated. This air is
introduced at the blast orifice C after having passed through a circular grate
o, v, t, u, placed immediately underneath, it then expands in the incandescent
mass, and drives the gases which have been gradually produced by distillation
through the upper charge; these gases collect in the dome reservoir H,
and pass through the helical conduit I to the burner, where they are mixed
with a suitable proportion of air, as described above, and ignited on passing
through the openings g, 9, 9, 9.
The flames traverse the helical flues
K, K, K, K, in contact with the sides of the exterior cylinder, and ultimately
pass into the chimney L through the pipe L¹.
The apparatus is put in action by means of incandescent coke or charcoal,
which is introduced through the charging tube E only in sufficient quantity to
fill the blast orifice C and circular grate placed underneath; the damper r is
then opened, which leads directly into the chimney; the charge is completed
with fresh coke up to the bottom of the charging tube. The natural draught
completes the combustion of the coke, which soon developes sufficient vapo-
rization to augment the effect of the ventilator; at this moment the damper r
is closed and coal is put on, when the gas produced can be immediately and
usefully ignited at the burner.
In order to avoid loss of gas through the charging tube, and also the
inconvenience which would result at each opening of the door p, p, a small
air tube b, b¹, opens into the charging tube E at b¹, and maintains a certain
pressure therein, which being always greater than that of the gas in the dome
H, drives back the gas and maintains a continuous infiltration of air through
the charge in the tube E. The interruption caused by every new charge is of
too short duration to give time for the gas to reascend to the upper part.
This arrangement of the charging tube completely secures the level of the
charge and maintains regularity in the action of the apparatus, besides con-
siderably simplifying the stoker's work.
1

page_text: The scoria or clinkers which are formed in all furnaces furnished with
ordinary horizontal grates, and which give rise to serious inconvenience therein
as regards working and economy, is in this apparatus free from these incon-
veniences; in fact, the charge being suspended between the conical sides of the
fire-place, its falling takes place only at the centre; the upper zones are
constantly broken and have not time to agglomerate and form a crust; this
secures access for the air into every part of the mass. in process of distillation
without the necessity of stoking. The scoria and other residues concentrate
gradually (in proportion as the combustible and gasifiable materials are
eliminated) in the contracted part of the fire-place C, which I have termed
the blast orifice or pipe (on account of the analogy of its functions to that of
the tuyere of a blast furnace); all these residues, I say, when submitted to a
very high temperature, like that in the work of a blast furnace, fall successively
on the upper part of the air channel B at the centre of the circular grate
o, v, t, u; they are kept there by the pressure of the air until the stoker pulls
the rod Z and lets them fall into the ash-pit; the blast pipe is at the same time
closed by the damper o, o¹. These residues are removed every six or eight
hours, sorted, and the useful parts again put into the apparatus with the fresh
fuel.
APPARATUS ADAPTED FOR AN ENGINE OF ABOVE TWENTY HORSE POWER.
Fig. 2 represents a longitudinal elevation, partly in section; and Fig. 3, a
transverse section through the line 1, 2, Fig. 2.
In applications above twenty horse power, the apparatus acts separately
with ordinary generators, to which it is always suitable of application, even
to a single flue boiler. The burner E opens into this boiler. The air is
mixed with the gas in this part of the burner by means of an iron tube
traversing the gas pipe, and this being pierced with thirty holes projects the
air in three directions, which permeates and mixes with the gas, which then
passes quite mixed through the holes g, g, g, g, where it is ignited as before
described; then traversing the interior flue of the boiler, it returns by the right-
hand flue F, and thence to the chimney by the left-hand flue F¹.
It is very important in this application so to place the gas-generating appa-
ratus and the main boiler that the water contained may be on the same level
in both; they communicate by a steam pipe above and a water pipe at the
bottom; it is then unnecessary to feed the gazogeneous boiler apparatus
separately, it being fed from the other part by the simple fact of the hydrostatic
equilibrium of the two apparatus keeping the levels uniform.

page_text: A, A, blast channel for the ventilator; B, blast tube for the furnace; B, B¹,
blast tube for the burner; C, blast pipe or orifice entering the furnace; D,
burner; a, a, a, films of air; g, g, g, g, films of gas; R, R¹ damper for
regulating the proportion of air; I, g¹. helical conduit leading the gas from H
to the burner; b, b, b¹, air tube of the charging tube E; p, p, door to close
the furnace above; F, F, ash-pit; H, dome reservoir of gas; G, opening and
tube for the exit of the gas; K, K, K, K, helical flues in which the com-
bustion of the gas is effected; L¹, pipe for the exit of the flames; L, chimney;
I, escape pipe for the natural draught during the time the apparatus is at rest
or when first lighting; M, steam chamber; m, steam pipe; n, position of
the safety valve or apparatus; o, o¹, damper of the blast orifice; o¹, v, t, u,
circular grate of the blast orifice; x, z, rod for working the grate and the
damper of the blast pipe.
DESCRIPTION OF FIGS. 2 AND 3.
A, gas-generating apparatus; B, gas pipe of the burner; b, blast pipe of
the air jet; C, C, box in which the air and gas are mixed; D, air chamber
of the jets; a, a, a, air jets of the blast pipe; E, burner; F, F¹, flues for the
circulation of the flames; G, interior flue of the boiler; x, z rod for working
the circular grate.
!
Having described the nature of my Invention and the manner of performing
the same, I wish it to be understood that I do not limit myself to the forms
dimensions, and precise details described above, and represented in the
Drawings hereunto annexed, as such may be varied; and I declare that what
I claim as the Invention to be protected by the herein-before in part recited
Letters Patent is, the general arrangement of smoke-generating and con-
suming apparatus herein-before described and represented in the Drawings
annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said Adrien Jules Alexis Dumoulin, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Eleventh day of March, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
1
DIMOHLIN
(10)