Improvements in Barrels and other Articles Manufactured from Paper or like Pulp and in Apparatus Employed in their Manufacture.
Year: 1888

page_text: jate of Application, 9th Jan., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 9th Oct., 1888
Complete Specification Accepted, 7th Jan., 1889
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Barrels and other Articles Manufactured from
Paper or like Pulp and in Apparatus Employed in their
Manufacture.
I
I JAMES RAPER THAME of 3 Winders Road Battersea in the County of Surrey,
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention has reference to improvements in barrels manufactured from paper
pulp, as well as in other articles of similar manufacture also to improvements in
apparatus to be employed therein.
The barrels, drums, kegs, or other like articles made from the pulp I prefer to make
of cylindrical character with the body in one piece and with separate end pieces and
these are formed by the aid of suitable drums to take up the pulp in a layer and convey
it to an apron or endless sheet or sheets supported on suitable distending rollers and
having suitable tension adjusting means, by which sheet the pulp in a layer is conveyed
to a roller or set of rollers suitably constructed preferably employing a duplicate set of
such rollers so that whilst one set is in operation the other set may be out of operation
and vice versa, and upon each roller of the set for the time in operation in its turn the
sheet of pulp is lapped and wound into a homogeneous cylinder whilst in a wet and
soft condition. Preferably one roller of each set is alternately rolling up pulp on itself.
Thence these cylinders of wet pulp are removed to be dried by pressure and other
means as by centrifugal machinery, hydro-extractors or vacuum apparatus. The ends
of barrels and other of the parts may be pressed into accurate form by dies and pressure
exerted by screw or hydraulic power or otherwise.
The vat of paper pulp is provided with a drum or drums having metal or other ends
and a cylindrical surface of wirework or reticulate work adapted to dip into the pulp
and lift a sheet of continuous pulp stuff to an apron or continuous travelling sheet or
sheets or equivalent device which is supported on rollers or other means and kept at
regulated tension; the travelling of the sheet to carry it forward as also any desired
side movement thereto and as well as the operation of the various rollers being effected
by means of suitable gearing. At suitable distances apart and so as to press upon

page_text: supporting rolls or parts below are arranged sets of rolls which take up the pulp sheet
from the apron or blanket and wind or layer it around each roller of each set in turn to
the thickness of pulp required.
The construction and arrangement of each set of rollers is preferably as follows:-
Across the apron above the centre of the under supporting roller is an axis which is
suitably held in journals carried by the framing, on this axis is mounted a central disc
or supporting plate or part capable of rotation thereon. This part serves as a support
for the journals of a suitable number, say, four other axes arranged parallel to the
main axis, each of the four axes extending beyond the part supporting them on either
side and forming thereby axes for four other rolls four a side, which are mounted
thereon and held capable of rotation and removal by suitable nuts or other retaining
means. The number of these parts may however be varied. These rollers are pre-
ferably made expansible and contractible or are formed with a groove along the face
longitudinally to afford means for securing thereon a wirework or other suitable
removable case on which the pulp is wound or layered and on which it may be removed,
or both the contractible roll and wire cover may be employed.
A convenient form of contractible roll consists of a cylinder of zine or other suitable
metal not readily oxidizable having a longitudinal slit with recessed or inclined edges
adapted to exactly fit a piece adapted to complete the contour of the cylinder in its
expanded form when slidden in the slit in these recessed edges or the open slit may be
attained by means of turned in rounded edges grasped and held apart by grooved slots
in a plate slidden thereon internally, or in like manner, the contraction may be effected
by the removal of the inserted or holding part or the drawing in of the sides of the
split cylinder may be effected by means of a screw or other means the locking being
effected as described. The removal and replacement of the forming rollers from and
on their axes is effected by removing the locking nut and one of two opposite end
pieces having inclined annular parts which grasp and correctly hold the roll in place
aided by an internal central circular part or parts mounted on the axis or this may be
effected by equivalent supporting and retaining devices. As soon as each roll rotating
by contact with the travelling apron has received its complete complement of pulp in
sheet or in superposed layers the supply is discontinued or the sheet is broken and the
rolls are lifted either by hand or preferably automatically by suitable connections
operating a clutch gear or other device either mechanically, or by an electrical circuit
being completed or broken, and at the same time by giving the frame of rolls a quarter
turn on the main axis a new empty roll is put into frictional contact with the apron
and this receives its complement of pulp and so on one roll of each set alternately is
filled at each rest that is to say the other empty roll comes into operation and the first
full roll is removed and replaced by an empty roll or cylinder.
The rolls or drying cylinders may be made with perforations or corrugations in
addition to the parts for facilitating contraction and upon these supports the pulp
forms may be placed in a receptacle formed or provided within a centrifugal machine
or hydro-extractor when on rapid rotatory motion being imparted the contained
moisture will be expelled to a considerable extent and the pulp forms while wet inay
be pressed upon a plane surface to aid removal from the internal cylinder by the
extension of the pulp under the rolling.
The pulp cylinder may now have its ends swaged out by its being held in a
suitably shaped recess or matrix whilst an internally shaping die descends and presses
out a socket shaped end in the pulp, and means to square the edges may be used if
desired by means of pressure.
This may take place whilst the pulp form is in the hydro-extractor or separately.
The ends or top and bottom pieces for closing, the openings of the paper pulp
cylinders or barrels are formed from like pulp that has been partially manufactured
say, that condition known as, half made board by pressure thereon when contained
in an annular mould consisting of a strong annular wall and a wire gauze or
reticulate bottom on which the pulp rests, into this mould descends the head of a
ram suitably shaped to press upon the half made board of pulp and block up a rim
thereto whilst compressing the disc, the ram is then withdrawn and a ring or rings of

page_text: rectangular or other suitable cross section being first placed on this ring. the ram
again descends when the rim will be pressed true and square.
The heads of barrels or vessels of pulp thus made may have screw threads
formed to the edges, and the inner edges of the cylinder parts of barrels may
have corresponding screw threads formed on or applied to them by inserting
an annular part and threading that to correspond to the thread of the head
either by such means as is described hereinafter for pressing up or other-
wise. From the nature of the material of course the thread would be coarse and
rounded.
$
The closing ends for barrels of pulp thus made may be pressed or made
true by being clamped hotween corresponding boards or plates carrying centreings
by which they may be mounted and rotated as in a lathe with facility for the
pressure on their edges of a roller pressing tool held capable of adjustment
to guage.
The edges of the tops and bottoms and the insides of the meeting ends of the
barrels may be coned to facilitate closer fit.
I also arrange rollers in a vertical direction heated internally by steam or
other suitable heating means and on these I calender the tubes made from pulp as
described.
.
The end closing pieces for barrels may be formed with an inner block or waist
piece on which again is affixed a cross bar. In the inner side of each end of the
barrel is applied an inclined or partly inclined projection leaving opposed gaps in the
annulus through which gaps the ends of the bar attached to the end pieces pass and
a partial turn of the end pieces forces the ends of the bar within the annulus and
locks on the head.
Barrels and vessels thus made avoid the necessity for the use of packing paper
internally.
WM. BROOKES & SON,
55 & 56, Chancery Lane, London,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Barrels and other Articles Manufactured from
Paper or like Pulp and in Apparatus Employed in their
Manufacture.
I JAMES RAPER THAME of 3 Winders Road Battersea in the County of Surrey,
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
This invention has reference to improvements in barrels, boxes, cases or receptacles
or like articles manufactured from paper or like pulp and also in the means or apparatus
employed in their manufacture.
The barrels, drums, kegs, boxes, cases or like articles made from such pulp I prefer
to make of cylindrical form with the body in one piece and with separate end pieces
and the cylindrical portions are formed from a sheet or slip of pulp by the aid of
suitable drums or cylinders which take up the pulp over their circumferential surfaces
in layer and convey it on to an apron or endless sheet or sheets, or travelling web
supported on suitable supporting actuating and distending rollers and provided with
suitable tension adjusting means. The layer of pulp, in a continuous sheet is carried
on this endless sheet or endless sheets to a roller or cylinder, or set of cylinders
suitably constructed for receiving the pulp sheet and enwrapping it around the surface
thereof, preferably employing a duplicate set of such enwrapping rollers or cylinders,
in order that whilst one set of cylinders is in operation the other set may be out of
operation and vice versa, and accordingly upon each roller of the set for the time in
operation in its turn is enwrapped the sheet of pulp and if desired several successive
layers are wound or enwrapped over the first layer the whole whilst in this wet and
soft condition being amalgamated into a solid homogeneous pulp cylinder.
Preferably one roll or cylinder of each set of rolls is successsively rolling up or
enwrapping onto itself the pulp layer. The cylinders of wet pulp thus formed are
removed from the moulding rolls or cylinders on a temporary surface slidden on to
the cylinders before they begin to take up pulp or a cylinder and its enwrapped pulp
may be removed and replaced by a fresh roll ready for commencing a fresh enwrap-
ment. Thence the cylindrical shapes of pulp in their wet state are removed to be
compacted and deprived of moisture by pressure and other means-as by centrifugal
machinery, hydro-extractors, or vacuum or exhaust apparatus and hot room final
drying.
The wet pulp tubular forms are conveyed to the drying room either by an
internal or external corrugated, embossed or perforated cylinder which keeps the pulp
to shape.
The internal cylinder on which the pulp tube is carried is formed as a split cylinder a
with a gap having recessed edgos.
gap
0
This is filled by a correspondingly shaped piece being slidden in the recessed
edges of the split cylinder or the recesses and projections may be reversed.

page_text: representing a sheet of wire gauze which serves as a means of escape for liquid
pressed out.
Figures 13 and 14 shew respectively by corresponding views to those last described
the plunger and die for shaping socket ends to the cylindrical portions of the
vessels.
Figure 15 shews to a smaller scale a like view of an end of a cylindrical (top or
bottom) vessel after shaping in the parts shown by Figures 13 and 14.
Figure 16 shews by sectional side view a centrifugal machine adapted to receive,
and by the centrifugal action set up when the cage o is rapidly rotated by motion
imparted to the pulley w by suitable band in the ordinary manner, to drive out the
bulk of the contained liquid whilst the pulp is retained by the reticulate sides of the
cage o. Figure 17 is a sectional plan of the said cage o.
Figure 18 is a like view to Figure 16 of a modification of centrifugal machine in
which is also embodied in one apparatus the devices shewn in Figures 13 and 14 with
the cage for ridding the pulp of its bulk of moisture. p being the plunger o the cage
and die in one the sides being reticulate being a lever for lowering the plunger p
and a spring below same having a normal tendency to raise the plunger p clear of
the flange recess of the reticulate die or case o when not held down by the lever w².
o² is the central stationary bearing on which the cage o and its axis of rotate and the
plunger p rises and falls as the cage rotates.
P
Figure 19 shews the portion of the apparatus for giving the flange form to the two
ends of a cylindrical part of a barrel or vessel by means of the aforesaid dies
and plungers p modified to admit of their acting in a horizontal manner instead of
in a vertical direction as in Figures 13 and 14 preceding. In this Figure the
middle portions of the apparatus are broken away for economy of space in the
drawings.
"
Figure 20 is a separate view taken transversely of the middle portion of the die q
to show how it is devisible by raising the upper half of the cylindrical die or
mould on its hinged connection to the under half q. q' is a catch which when
the two halves are brought together on an enclosed pulp cylinder engages the stud g³
and holds the two halves together correctly during the time pressure is exerted by the
plungers p.
Figure 21 shows by plan view and Figure 22 by end view tlie portion of the
apparatus for trucing up or trueing up and threading the edges of the flanges of
the ends for closing the barrels or vessels.
Figure 22* is a view separately of an interchangeable roller t¹ to replace the
plain flat roller t, when the edge of the end is to be threaded, the plain roller t
being adapted for use in simply trueing up.
Figure 23 is a similar roller to be interchanged when an inclined side or edge is to
be trued up.
Figure 23 is a modified interchangeable roll adapted by the surface 9 to act on
the edge and by the surface 10 to act on the side respectively of the end r
of the barrel.
Figure 24 is a section, Figure 25 an exterior side view and Figure 26 a plan
of the cylindrical part of a barrel in the ends of which respectively may be
fitted such a head and bottom as can be produced by the plunger, filling ring and
die shown by Figures 10, 11 and 12.
Figure 27 is a section and Figure 28 a plan of a flanged barrel or receptacle A
into which the covers or ends B fit and are supported, A' being screws' to be
fastened through the covers to the shoulders of the cylinder, or these screws may
be inserted horizontally therethrough instead of vertically as in these Figures or they
may be rivets or pins.
Figure 29 shews a section of one end of a barrel or vessel having a screwed
flanged end A to receive a screwed edged cover B shown by Figure 30 or the screw
thread may be formed in the plain cylindrical end of a cylindrical body.
Referring to Figure 1 particularly, a is a vat or receptacle for paper or like pulp
kept replenished by any suitable means of supply. b is a drum rotating on an

page_text: axis having a wirework or reticulate cylinder surface rotating in the pulp to a
sufficient depth to enable it to pick up a layer of pulp and carry it by frictional
contact to an endless apron which is supported on carrying and distonding
rollers c¹. c², c³, c, c, c, c² and supporting rollers d, d' which latter two rollers are
situated below the pressing points of the two sets of enwrapping rolls e, f. The pulp
in a thin sheet spread over the apron passes on until it comes to the bottom roll-of
either set which happens to be in action for the moment in contact with the apron c
and the sheet of wet pulp in the rotation of the roller (1) of the set of rolls (that
set being shewn in Figure 1 in action) becomes enwrapped around it to the extent
of rolling up determined upon and to which the gearing is adjusted that set of rolls f
is lifted and set e lowered when the next roller 5 whose turn it becomes to be brought
into use and covered with the desired thickness of layered and amalgamated wet pulp
and so on with rollers 2 and 6 alternating from set to set of rolls. Thus tho sets f
ande being alternately lifted free of the travelling apron c and one of the rollers of
each of the sets brought down into contact with the stream of pulp on the apron c the
same cycle of operations goes on. These changes of rollers and sets may be affected
by hand or by automatic gear as will be described.
These rolls (see Figures 7 and 8) are composed of a cylindrical body g of metallic
or other suitable material preferably not of readily oxidizable character, supported by
suitable end plates g', which plates are carried by the axes h, which are supported
in bearings carried by a circular plate keyed onto a central main axis ³. Each
axis projects on each side of the plate h² and carries on each side a roller so that
with four axes to a set and two rolls to each axis there are four pairs of double
rolls eight rolls to a set in all. On each side axis within the cylinder g of each
roll is a wheel or support which serves to support the cylindrical portion of the roll
y. When the cylindrical parts 9 covered with the pulp tubes are desired to be
removed the screw nuts 93 or their equivalent fastenings are removed from the
threaded ends of the axes h and the parts drawn off and replaced by others to be
filled in like manner. In order to effect change of roll in a set when one roll is
fully covered with pulp and another is to be brought onto the apron c a tooth gear
wheel i affixed to the axis ³ engaging the tooth gear wheel i¹ on an axis ³ carried in
the framing of the machine is caused to rotate by means of a clutch connection 2
at suitable periods causing rotatory motion to be transmitted thereto from the pulley
which receives its motion from a suitable part of the driving gear by means of a band
or belt. is a lever handle for engaging the parts of the clutch and disengaging
them. In order to lift the rolls free of the apron c on completion of the filling of a
set of rolls an eccentric mounted on the axis and rotating with it is connected by
rod to the part which clasps a circular projection or disc on the axis ³ and at the
appropriate time the axis h² and its rollers are lifted. In the Figure 9 by sectional
view is shewn the arrangement of the under rolls d, d¹ when thus automatically
changing the upper set of rolls e and f and alternately throwing one or other set out
of action and turning.same.
These upper or wrapping rolls 1, 1 etcetera on their shaft are carried by the
shafts, which shafts run in bearings supported in the framing, with a
limited amount of movement. The framings, also form guides for the bearings
k, for the axes k², of the under rolls d, d¹ which are pressed up against the
underside of the endless sheet c and against the rolls of the sets e, in turn, by the
action of the weighted levers 1, which are connected to the bearings k, kat, l',
centred at 1, 2 and bear on the longer ends the preponderant weights 13, 13. The
depth to which the levers 1, I can drop is controlled at , by set screws.
raising the levers 1, 1 the bearings of the rollers d, d¹ may freely be lowered. By
adjustment of position of the weights on the lever the pressure on the wet pulp
may be regulated with great nicety. The framings also guide and by the lugs
thereon support the axes ³ and bearings of the upper sets of rolls e and f.
The number of rollers in a set may however be varied to circumstances.
By
The rolls are operated for rotation by contact with the travelling apron c and
as soon as each has become charged with pulp to the desired thickness made up of a

page_text: pre-determined length of sheet of pulp the supply is discontinued or broken and the
belt operating the clutch put in motion either automatically or by the hand lever
and by a quarter turn movement the change of roll is effected.
3
In the form of expandible cylinder shewn by Figure 2 provision for expansion to
full diameter of the cylindrical shape of the interior of the pulp tube to be made is
attained by sliding the removable part g into the gap left in the cylinder g the
holding of these parts being facilitated by projections on the one entering grooves in
the other and when it is desired to contract the cylinder the part g' is removed and
by screw union pieces 9 operating by engaging the reverse threads of screws g
connected to the opposite lugs g³, 93 (see Figure 2) the sides may be withdrawn and
the pulp tube released. In Figure 3 a cylinder g is shewn provided with a sunk
channel into which part of an envelope of wire gauze or other suitable removable
case indicated by dotted line is inserted and this is locked into the channel and
to the cylinder by sliding in a rod 10 endwise. On this cylinder g which is formed
perforated or reticulate or on the covering of wirework or other suitable material the
pulp tube is formed. In Figures 4 and 5 another form of the groove g is shown
so that when a rod g is placed over and so as to lock in the envelope, the ends of the
rod are clasped in the loops 9", one at each end and by means of adjustable
screws connected to those loops and working in fixed screw lugs g3 those rods
may be drawn tight tightening the envelopes on the cylinders.
In pressing into form the ends or covers for closing the cylinders or barrels a
suitable quantity of partially manufactured pulp known in the trade as half made
board is placed in a die such as indicated by Figure 12 and the plunger Figure 10
pressed heavily thereon giving good form to the central part but leaving the raised
rim somewhat imperfectly finished, then on this raised rim the ring Figure 11 is
dropped and the plunger redescends passing through the ring to its shoulder and
then pressing down the ring heavily onto the thick rim reducing its height somewhat
and giving it finish.
In pressing the flanged recess onto the opening of the tubular bodies by means of
the plunger Figure 13 and die Figure 14 the pulp cylinder is first held with its ends
level with the end of the die and the plunger descends into it and the pulp tube is
pressed to shape as Figure 15.
In driving out the bulk of the moisture from the pulp cylinder bodies these are placed
in the hydro-extractor or centrifugal machine (Figures 16 and 17) around the axis o
and so as to enable the pulp cylinder to approximately fit the interior of the perforated
or reticulate cage o and upon rapid rotatory motion being given the tube will press
out all round against the cage and receive true cylindrical form whilst being rid of
its moisture.
Or by using the form of centrifugal apparatus shewn by Figure 18 shape may be
given to the end of the tube at the same time that the moisture is being driven out
and in one machine.
Or the motion of the plungers may be in a horizontal direction as indicated by
Figure 19 and the plungers may be brought up to press the pulp in the dies 7, 7' by
screws formed in reverse directions on a stem rotated in one and then in the
reverse direction when withdrawal is required. Or by mounting the plungers p upon
axes carried by standards centrally of the dies and moving each plunger p by screw
gear or otherwise simultaneously with its fellow plunger towards or from the die both
ends of the pulp tube will be swaged to shape at one operation. When swaged to
shape, the cylinder is lifted free of the die cylinder by turning up one half thereof y¹
on the other half to which it is hinged after unlocking the catch q² from the
stud g³.
In trueing up the heads or ends each head is placed between a plates and another
plates these two plates forming a chuck in which the head is rotated in the machine
shewn by Figures 21 and 22 as in a lathe. These plates s and s' are pressed to and
drawn from one another by sleeves s², s² on which each are mounted engaging
reversely screwed axes s³, on each of which are mounted one of the opposite tooth
wheels, the teeth of which are engaged by other toothed wheels, which are

page_text: operated simultaneously by the handle wheel mounted on the same axis s'. The
tool for the screwing tool (Figure 22*) or the inclined tool (Figure 23) or the
double shaping tool (³ (Figure 23*) are held in the forked support and carried on.a
pin to passing therethrough. The support t slides in a guideway in the carriage t
and is actuated to and fro by a screw to operated by handle wheel and laterally by
traversing the carriage to by the screw (8.
In some cases [ dispense with the revolution of the reticulate case o and instead I
form it as the inner wall of a close chamber of annular form and exhaust the air
between so that the moisture is drawn through the wirework wall and from within
the tube of pulp within the circular space the suctional force drawing the pulp truly
to the cage wall.
Figure 31 shows a front view and Figure 32 a horizontal section of a perforated
cylinder to be placed inside a pulp tube for transport to and for support in the drying
room. 1, 1 are the grooved edges of the cylinder, 2, 2 the corresponding edges of the
filling piece.
Figure 33 is a front view partly in section of a similar perforated cylinder to be
placed in a pulp tube but having a flange 3 at foot and a return lip 4, to form a
retaining channel for the bottom edge of the pulp tube.
Figure 34 is a front view and Figure 35 is a horizontal section of a perforated
expansible cylinder for enclosing a pulp tube as a case during conveyance to the
drying room. The gap 2, 2 is not filled by a filling piece but the edges 1, 1 are
drawn together by springs 5, 5 which may be of volute, clip or other form. 6, 6 are
perforations.
Figure 36 shews a horizontal section of a corrugated cylinder which may be used
instead of or in combination with perforations as shown to facilitate escape of
moisture.
In cases where it is desired to calender the tubular bodies of such vessels of pulp
I pass the tube over a roll arranged with suitable gear to rotate it in contact with
another roll, having the pulp only between them both rollers and the pulp tube being
in a vertical or substantially vertical position and internally heated by steam or
hot air.
Such barrels or vessels of pulp may be made waterproof by treatment with tar or
other like matters, or with soda silicate or other like matter adapted to exclude water
or render them non-inflammable respectively or the latter end may be attained by the
incorporation with the pulp of Asbestos or fossil meal during manufacture of the
pulp.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, 1 declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The improvements in barrels, cases, boxes or like receptacles manufactured from
wet paper pulp or like pulp as herein before set forth and shown in respect of
Figures 27, 28, 29, and 30.
2. The herein described method of forming cylinders of wet "paper" pulp or like
pulp by incorporating one or more layers of such pulp, alternately.on one and then the
other sets of rolls filling on to the rolls of each alternate set in succession from the
supply apron or aprons, so that whilst one roll of a set of rolls is being used a roll of
the other set may be at rest and its pulp cylinder undergoing removal and readjust-
ment for fresh use.
3. The herein described combination of apparatus for forming wet "paper" pulp
or like pulp directly into cylindrical bodies for barrels or other receptacles or
articles, and shown by Figure 1, consisting of a pulp reservoir or holder to supply
pulp to a rotating cylinder which delivers the pulp to a travelling apron or aprons
or surfaces by which the pulp is conveyed to one after another of a series of rolls
arranged in sets, each roll being capable of being brought into and removed from
operation for removal of the foruied tubes of pulp; or any mere modification
thereof.

page_text: 4. The method of arrangement and construction of the parts of apparatus for
supporting the series of rolls for use in forming tubes of "paper" pulp or like
pulp and for operating the same into and out of contact with the supply of pulp
substantially as described and shewn with reference to Figures 7, 8 and 9.
5. The construction or arrangement and use of rolls, for enwrapping and incor-
porating "paper" pulp or like pulp into tubular bodies, in parts capable of being
united to form perfect rolls during use and of being separated or displaced to admit
of contraction of the diameter of the roll for removal of the pulp tube as set forth
with reference to Figures 2 and 6.
6. The construction of rolls, for receiving envelopes of wirework, paper or other
covers upon which "paper" pulp or other pulp is directly in its wet state to be
formed, shewn in and described with reference to Figures 3, 4 and 5, with means 'for
adjusting or retaining said envelopes on the said rolls.
7. The combination of the plunger, ring and die or socket as shown and described
with reference to Figures 10, 11 and 12 for the shaping of heads or end pieces for
barrels or other vessels made of incorporated half made board.
8. The combination of the plunger and die or socket as shewn and described with
reference to Figures 13 and 14 for shaping the openings of tubular bodies made from
pulp.
9. The combination of parts forming a centrifugal or hydro extractor machine for
drying and treating tubes made from wet pulp as described and shewn in Figures 16
and 17.
10. The combination of parts for shaping, and extracting moisture from, tubular
bodies made from wet pulp, to be formed into barrels and other receptacles as described
and shewn with reference to Figure 18.
11. The arrangements or constructions of cylindrical supports for use in conveying
the pulp forms to and supporting them in the drying chamber, or place, during drying
substantially as described and illustrated in Figures 31, 32, 33, 34, 35 and 36.
12. Calendering rolls working vertically to calendar between them tubular bodies
made from wet pulp to form parts of barrels and other receptacles as set forth.
13. The manufacture of ends for closing openings in cylindrical barrels from wet
half made board by pressure in dies or moulds as set forth.
14. The combination of parts forming apparatus for shaping the peripheral surfaces
of the heads or closers for barrels or receptacles made from half made board or paper
stuff as set forth with reference to Figures 21 to 23.
15. The various combinations of parts of apparatus for use in the manufacture of
the portions of barrels and other receptacles or shaped articles from wet pulp such as
is used in making "paper or similar pulp substantially as herein before set forth.
יי
Dated the 8th day of October 1888.
WM. BROOKES & SON,
55 & 56, Chancery Lane, London,
Agents for the Applicant.