Improvements in the manufacture of R like.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 3rd May, 1888
Complete Specification Left, 1st Feb., 1889
Complete Specification Accepted, 2nd Mar., 18
Improvements in the manufacture of R
like.
PERON, Www
I, JACOB ELLIOTT, of 138, Queens Road, Hastings, in the County of Sussex,
Artificial Stone Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows: :-
My invention relates to the manufacture of roofing slabs, tiles, and the like.
According to my said invention york, portland, or other hard stone, boulders or
flints from the sea-shore, and hard burnt fire-brick are crushed up together, then
put into a vat or tank of water to soak. When taken out and whilst still in a
wet condition, the crushed material is mixed with the best portland cement to the
proportion of say one half. This compound is next cast in iron moulds of the
dimensions and pattern required, the outer surface or top of the slab or tile being
faced and, if desired, tinted to any colour and then finished or smoothed. The
slabs or tiles thus produced are allowed to set or harden for seven days and then
put into a vat or tank of clean water for twenty four hours. After being taken
out the slabs or tiles are packed in the open air, spaces being left between adjacent
slabs.
The slabs or tiles thus manufactured do not require any burning, therefore their
perfect shape is retained. They are also non-absorbent, and can be made to any
thickness.
Each tile or slab has a groove and bead on two sides into which, when put
together, a part of the slab or tile adjacent to it fits.
The joints are so cast as to allow of a bedding, one eighth of an inch in thickness,
of fine cement or mortar.
My improved slabs or tiles are water- and air-tight, they will not attract heat like
slate, and being thick the room underneath will be found cooler in summer and
warmer in winter than when slates are used. The slabs or tiles for a steep roof are
screwed to the battens in a similar manner to slates, the lower edge of the slab or
tile above covering the screw so that no water or snow can get in.

page_text: In practice I find it very advantageous to make the slabs wedge-shaped and
tapering from one inch thick to three inches in thickness. In cases where persons
are frequently moving upon a roof it is advisable to make the slabs proportionately
thicker. It is to be understood however that the slabs may be made of any other
desirable thickness.
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London,
Agents for the Applicant. .
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Roofing Slabs, Tiles, and the
like.
1, JACOB ELLIOTT, of 138, Queens Road, Hastings, in the County of Sussex,
Artificial Stone Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to the manufacture of roofing slabs, tiles and the like.
According to my said invention York, Portland, or other hard stone, boulders or
flints from the sea-shore, and hard burnt fire-brick are crushed up together, and then
put into a vat or tank of water to soak. When taken out and whilst still in a wet
condition, the crushed material is mixed with the best Portland Cement to the
proportion of say one half. This compound is next cast in iron moulds of the
dimensions and pattern required, the outer surface or top of the slab or tile being
faced and, if desired, tinted to any colour and then finished or smoothed. The
slabs or tiles thus produced are allowed to set or harden for seven days and then
put into a vat or tank of clean water for twenty four hours. After being taken out
the slabs or tiles are packed in the open air, spaces being left between adjacent slabs.
The slabs or tiles thus manufactured do not require any burning, therefore their
perfect shape is retained. They are also non-absorbent, and can be made to any
thickness.
Each tile or slab has grooves and beads on its sides which, when put together, fit
the grooves and beads on the slabs or tiles adjacent to it.
The joints are so cast as to allow of a bedding, one eighth of an inch in thickness,
of fine cement or mortar.
My improved slabs or tiles are water and air-tight, they will not attract heat like
slate, and being thick the room underneath will be found cooler in summer and
warmer in winter than when slates are used. The slabs or tiles for a steep roof are
screwed to the battens in a similar manner to slates, the lower edge of the slab or
tile above covering the screw so that no water or snow can get in.

page_text: In practice I find it very advantageous to make the slabs wedge-shaped and tapering
from one inch thick to three inches in thickness. In cases where persons are
frequently moving upon a roof it is advisable to make the slabs proportionately
thicker. It is to be understood however that the slabs may be made of any other
desirable thickness.
In the accompanying drawing
Figures 1 and 2 are plan views of roofing slabs or tiles made according to my
invention.
Figure 3 is a section on the lines A B and C D of Figure 1 but showing the slab
or tile connected to two adjacent slabs or tiles.
Figures 4 and 5 are sections on the lines E, F and G, H respectively of Figure 2
showing the slab or tile similarly connected.
Figures 6 and 7, are sections showing some of the slabs or tiles secured to the
battens of roofs.
.
Similar letters in all the Figures indicate similar parts.
a, a are the slabs or tiles the edges of which are rebated as shown at b, b and c, c
the rebates b, b being formed with grooves d, d and the rebates c, c with beads e, e.
The said grooves and beads of one tile fit the beads and grooves of the adjacent tiles
as shown in Figures 3, 4 and 5.
represent the cement or mortar placed between the overlapping parts or joints
of the slabs or tiles.
9, 9, Figures 6 and 7, are the screws which are used to secure the slabs or tiles
to the battens h, h of a roof, the screws being passed through the rebates in the upper
surfaces and having their heads covered by the rebates, in the lower surfaces of the
slabs or tiles as shown.
Figures 1, 3 and 6 illustrate my slabs or tiles made of an uniform thickness as
used for flat roofs and Figures 2, 4, 5 and 7 show the same made wedge shaped or
tapering for lean-to or ridge roofs, or for covering the sides of walls.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
(1) The manufacture of roofing slabs, tiles and the like composed of York, Portland
or other hard stone, boulders or flints from the sea-shore and hard-burnt fire brick,
the whole being crushed together and treated in the manner substantially as herein-
before described.
(2) The improvement in the manufacture of roofing slabs, tiles and the like which
consists in rebating the edges of such slabs, tiles and the like and forming them
with grooves and beads the grooves of one slab being adapted to receive the beads
of adjacent slabs and vice versa, substantially as described.
(3) The manufacture and use of roofing slabs, tiles and the like, substantially as
herein before described and illustrated in the accompanying drawing.
LATAN LOA HIRST101 At Pabru KXXU
Pabruo JKXU
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London,
Agents for the Applicant.
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London,
Agents for the Applicant.