IMPROVEMENTS IN MECHANISM FOR GRINDING OR SHARPENING CUTTERS
Year: 1885

page_text: We WILLIAM FORD SMITH and ARTHUR COVENTRY of Gresley Iron Works,
Salford in the County of Lancaster, Engineers and Tool Makers, do hereby declare
the nature of said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MECHANISM FOR GRINDING
OR SHARPENING CUTTERS," to be as follows:-
Our improvements relate to machinery for grinding or sharpening milling cutters,
rimers and other cutters, (especially such as have been hardened and tempered) by
emery wheels of suitable shapes and sizes placed on a spindle or shaft and made to
rotate against the article to be ground and sharpened, and our invention consists in
an improved combination or arrangement or in improved combinations or arrange-
ments of parts which will give greater facilities for adjustment and for operation
and be less objectionable than mechanism hitherto used for the purpose.
The mechanism is carried on a pillar or stand having a broad base resting on the
floor-Upon the upper end of the pillar or stand a headstock is arranged so that it
can be swivelled round, or partly round, and set and secured at any required angle
to the article to be operated upon.
The headstock forms the bearings for the spindle or shaft upon the end of which
the emery wheel is secured; the shaft overhanging the pillar or stand, its axis
being at a tangent to a circle having the axis of the pillar or stand as its centre.
There is a pulley on the shaft or spindle for the emery wheel, and other pulleys
have bearings on or in the headstock, as guide pulleys for the belt for rotating the
shaft, which is driven from a shaft having a pulley vertically over the vertical
axis of the pillar or stand, so that when the headstock is swivelled the driving belt
will only be twisted and not otherwise affected-The headstock also carries guides
for adjustable spindles for holding the "fingers" against the end of which the teeth
of the cutters come when being ground or sharpened.
On a projection from one side of the pillar or stand a vertical slide way is formed
for a vertical slide or table, which can be adjusted to any required height by a
screw rotated by a bevel wheel upon it in gear with one on a short horizontal shaft
having its bearings in the vertical slide, this last named shaft being rotated by a
handle.

page_text: On the upper or table face of the vertical slide there is a slideway formed in the
direction of a radial line from the vertical axis of the pillar or stand, and upon
this slideway a slide (which we will term the radial slide) is fitted and is adjustable
to and fro by a screw and handle-This radial slide has on its upper face slide-ways
for what we will term a long tangent slide (at a right angle to the radial slide)
which is arranged to be moved easily to and fro by hand.
Upon the tangent slide suitable slots are provided by which a stand or headstock
is or may be secured to it, this "stand headstock" forms the bearing of what we
will term a short "angle shaft" having a worm wheel on it which is in gear with
a worm on a short shaft in bearings in the headstock stand, which short shaft can
be rotated by a screw to turn the "angle shaft."
The end of the short angle shaft forms the bearing or holder for a mandrel at
right angles to it upon which the cutter to be ground or sharpened is placed to be
operated upon.
The slides above described give all the adjustments required vertically and
horizontally and the angle shaft on the small headstock on the tangent slide gives
the angular adjustments, so that these and the angular radial adjustment of the
headstock for the emery wheel, give all the required adjustments adapting the
machine to operate upon a great variety of shapes and sizes of cutters.
For operating upon rimers, screw taps, and other articles to be held between
centres, an angle part or plate is secured by bolts to the tangent slide and in the
middle of the vertical face of the angle part a horizontal fulcrum is arranged
formed by a bolt passing through the vertical part of the angle part or plate which
bolt forms the fulcrum of a plate having slideways in the direction of the tangent
slide for two headstocks (which can be adjusted and secured thereon) carrying
adjustable centres between which the rimer or other article to be operated upon
is held.
The plate on a fulcrum is adjustable on its fulcrum to any desired angle, shown
by an index at one end, by a screw at the other end of the said plate, which can
then be clamped by other screws or bolts to the angle plate.

page_text: Improvements in Mechanism for Grinding or Sharpening
Cutters.
We WILLIAM FORD SMITH and ARTHUR COVENTRY of Gresley Iron Works,
Salford in the County of Lancaster, Engineers and Tool Makers, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:—
Our improvements relate to machinery for grinding or sharpening milling cutters,
rimers and other cutters (especially such as have been hardened and tempered) by
emery wheels of suitable shapes and sizes placed on a spindle or shaft, and made
to rotate against the article to be ground and sharpened, and our invention consists
in an improved combination or arrangement or in improved combinations or
arrangements of parts which will give greater facilities for adjustment and for
opreation and be less objectionable than mechanism hitherto used for the purpose.
The mechanism is carried on a pillar or stand having a broad base resting on the
floor-Upon the upper end of the pillar or stand a headstock is arranged so that it
can be swivelled round or partly round, and set and secured at any required angle
to the article to be operated upon.
The headstock forms the bearings for the spindle or shaft, upon the end of which
the emery wheel is secured; the shaft overhanging the pillar or stand, its axis
being at a tangent to a circle having the axis of the pillar or stand as its centre.
There is a pulley on the shaft or spindle for the emery wheel---The headstock
also carries guides for adjustable spindles for holding the "finger" against the end
of which the teeth of the cutters come when being ground or sharpened.
On a projection from one side of the pillar or stand a vertical slideway is formed
for a vertical slide or table, which can be adjusted to any required height by a
screw rotated by a bevel wheel upon it in gear with one on a short horizontal
shaft having its bearings in the vertical slide, this last named shaft being rotated
by a handle.
On the upper or table face of the vertical slide there is a slideway formed in the
direction of a radial line from the vertical axis of the pillar or stand, and upon
this slideway a slide (which we will term the radial slide) is fitted and is adjustable
to and fro by a screw and handle-This radial slide has on its upper face slide-ways
for what we will term a long tangent slide (at a right angle to the radial slide)
which is arranged to be moved easily to and fro by hand.
Upon the tangent slide suitable slots are provided by which a stand or head-
stock is or may be secured to it, this "stand headstock" forms the bearing of what
we will term a short "angle shaft" having a worm wheel on it which is in gear
with a worm on a short shaft in bearings in the headstock stand, which short shaft
can be rotated by a handle to turn the "angle shaft."
The end of the short angle shaft forms the bearing or holder for a mandril at
right angles to it, upon which the cutter be be ground or sharpened is placed to be
operated upon.
The slides above described give all the adjustments required vertically and
horizontally and the angle shaft on the small headstock on the tangent slide gives

page_text: the angular adjustments, so that these and the angular radial adjustment of the
headstock for the emery wheel, give all the required adjustments adapting the
machine to operate upon a great variety of shapes and sizes of cutters.
For operating upon "rimers," screw taps and other articles to be held between
centres, an angle part or plate is secured by bolts to the tangent slide and in the
middle of the vertical face of the angle part, a horizontal fulcrum is arranged,
formed by a bolt passing through the vertical part of the angle part or plate, which
bolt forms the fulcrum of a plate baving slideways in the direction of the tangent
slide for two headstocks (which can be adjusted and secured thereon) carrying
adjustable centres between which the rimer or other article to be operated upon is
held.
The plate on a fulcrum is adjustable on its fulcrum to any desired angle, shown
by an index at one end (or in the centre) by a screw at the other end of the said
plate which can then be clamped by other screws or bolts to the angle plate if
desired.
Fig. 1 is a side elevation, fig: 2 a front elevation (taken at a right angle to fig. 1)
fig. 3 is a plan view (the table and slides below the headstock being omitted) and
fig. 4 is a plan (the headstock being removed) of one modification of our invention.
Fig. 5 is a side elevation, fig. 6 a front elevation, (taken at a right angle to fig. 5)
fig. 7 a plan (the slides below headstock being omitted) and fig. 8 a plan section,
the headstock being supposed cut away.
Fig. 9 is a front elevation, fig. 10 a plan and fig. 11 end view of mechanism
detached which is used when required, applied to the slides of figs. 1 and 2-figs. 5
and 6 or figs. 12 and 13 for grinding rimers and like articles.
Fig. 12 is a front elevation, and fig. 13 a side elevation of a modification of our
invention in a simple form where fewer adjustments are required.
In the modification of our invention shown by figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4; a is the
upright pillar with a broad base carrying the mechanism; bis the headstock which
is secured to the top of the pillar by a screw b¹ which forms an axis upon which
the headstock can be swivelled round the pillar more or less and then be secured
by the screw b¹; 62 is the spindle or shaft in the headstock b which spindle or shaft
has a pulley 63 for the belt to work on which drives the spindle; is the emery
wheel secured to the overhanging end of the spindle 2 by a screw nut.
In one arm of the headstock there are two holes beach having a clamping
screw band block against which the end of the screw acts to press against and
hold the adjustable rod c, which has a hole and clamping screw and block for a
rod cat right angles to the rod c, and the rod c¹ has a hole and clamping screw
and block for a rod c², at right angles to the rod c', which rod c² has a hole and
clamping screw and block, for an adjustable finger or guide c³ against the end of
which the teeth of the cutters come which are being ground or sharpened.
The rod c and connected rods can be used in either of the holes in the head-
stock to suit the cutter being sharpened.
There is a vertical slideway formed on the face of the pillar a for a vertical
slided which is raised and lowered by a screw d' screwing through a nut on a
part a secured in the pillar a; the upper end of the screw d' has bearings in the
slide d and has a bevel toothed wheel d² secured upon it that gears with one on the
end of a horizontal shaft 3 having bearings in a long boss from the slide d;
the shaft d³ being rotated by the handle d'.
On the horizontal face of the slide d there is a slideway for a slide e to move in
a radial line from the centre of the pillar a, and this radial slide e is adjusted by
a screw e¹ rotated by the handle ea
Across the radial slide e there is a slideway for a slide f which is at a right angle
to the radial slide e.
This latter slide ƒ can be readily slided to and fro, by a handle secured to it. It
has a T groove in its upper face and one on its edge.
The groove on the upper face is for bolts which secure the headstock or other
parts which carry the cutter to be operated upon.

page_text: The slot in the edge of the slide fis for two bolts f¹ for adjustable stops to limit
the movement of the slide the adjustable stops f1 coming against the pro-
jection f* fixed in the upper slideway for the slide f. On the slide f the headstock
and parts hereinafter described are or may be secured which are shown in
connection with that modification of our invention illustrated by figs. 5, 6, 7
and 8 which is the same as that represented by figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4, with tho
following exceptions.
The headstock does not swivel round or partly round the pillar, but the slides
swivel instead as hereinafter described.
On the upper vertical face of the pillar a horizontal slideway is formed at a right
angle to the radial slide e and the headstock b is formed with a slide to move
on the horizontal slideway on the pillar, which headstock slide is adjusted by a
screw b* rotated in bearings in a projection from the headstock and screwing into
a nut in the pillar-The other parts of the headstock b and the rods c, c¹ and c² for
the guide care arranged as described in reference to figs. 1, 2 and 3.
The radial slide e has a projection on one side and the slideway f* for the
tangent slide fis mounted upon this part so as to swivel round a bolt f³ by which
it can be secured.
There is or may be an index f* formed on the circular edges of the plates so as
to be able to set the slide f at the required angle within the range shown by the
dotted lines in fig. 8 where the slide fis shown in full line in one position and
in dotted line in another position.
On the slide fa stand or headstock is bolted in which are formed bearings for
a shaft g¹ one end of which has a worin wheel g² secured upon it which gears with
a worm g³ on a horizontal shaft g* in bearings in the stand or headstock, which
shaft is rotated by a handle gº-The other end of the spindle g¹ has a hole g6 in it
at right angles to the spindle g¹ which hole is slit open to form a clip, the two jaws
of which are opened or closed by a screw g².
The clip hole g is for holding the mandril upon which the cutter is mounted
which is to be sharpened.
The boss part of the spindle g¹ at the clip end is enlarged to the diameter of the
boss of the headstock and an index g is formed on the edges to facilitate the
setting of the work to the required angle.
This stand headstock g can be screwed to the slide f shown in figs. 1, 2 and 4, or
to the corresponding slide f in the modification of our invention to be hereinafter
described shown by figs. 12 and 13.
Figs. 9, 10 and 11 illustrate the mechanism used for holding rimers and liko
articles when being sharpened.
There is a plate which is secured by bolts h¹ to the slide f of any of the
modifications of our invention herein before or hereinafter described, and upon the
plate an angle stand is secured by a bolt h³ so as to be adjusted round
the bolt 3 as a centre and can then be secured by it.
To the vertical part of the angle stand h³ a slideway plate h is secured by a
screw which also serves as an axis upon which the plate / may be swivelled to
the desired angle shown by an index at h6.
The two ends of the plate * have slideways for two small headstocks 7 which
can each be adjusted and then secured to the plate /* by a nut or bolt.
The headstocks h³ each carry a cone centre which is secured by a clamping
screw h³ and it is between these cone centres that the rimer or other article is
placed to be sharpened.
In the modification of our invention shown by figs. 12 and 13-the slides on the
pillar a are arranged as herein before described in reference to figs. 1, 2 and 4 or as
shown in figs. 5, 6 and 8, except that the screw d¹ is rotated by a hand wheel d*
and the screw el is also rotated by a hand wheel e*.
The headstock for the emery wheel shaft 6 is formed at the top of the pillar a
and has a hole and clamping screw 6° and block to hold the guide rods c, c² and c³
for the guides c³.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is
1. The combination and arrangement of mechanism substantially as herein before
described and illustrated by figs. 1 to 4 inclusive of the drawings.
2. The combination of the headstock swivelling on the pillar, with the slide
mechanism for adjusting, holding and moving the articles to be sharpened, sub-
stantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated by figs. 1 to 4 inclusive of the
drawings.
3. The combination and arrangement of mechanisin substantially as herein before
described and illustrated by figs. 5 to 8 inclusive of the drawings.
4. The combination and arrangement of slides for adjusting, holding and moving
the articles to be sharpened with the slide f arranged to swivel, substantially as
herein before described and illustrated by figs. 5 to 8 inclusive of the drawings.
5. The combination of headstock for the emery wheel, arranged to slide hori-
zontally on the pillar, with the other slides for adjusting, holding and moving
the articles to be sharpened substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated
by figs. 5 to 8 inclusive of the drawings.
6. The combination and arrangement of mechanism for adjusting, holding and
moving rimers and like articles while being sharpened, substantially as hereinbefore
described and illustrated by figs. 9, 10, and 11 of the drawings.
7. The combination of the mechanism hereinbefore described and illustrated by
figs. 9, 10 and 11 with the slide f and the emery wheel headstock mechanism
illustrated in figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4, figs. 5, 6, 7 and 8 and figs. 12 and 13, of the
drawings, substantially as herein before described.
8. The combination and arrangement of mechanism substantially as hereinbefore
described and illustrated by figs. 12 and 13 of the drawings.
100+