AN IMPROVED CABING FOR PROTECTING BOTTLES OR OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES ; ALSO AN IMPROVED ARRANGEMENT OF MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MANU- FACTURING SUCH CASING
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William M°Adam and Sigismund Schuman, both of
Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, for the Invention of
"AN IMPROVED CABING FOR PROTECTING BOTTLES OR OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES ;
ALSO AN IMPROVED ARRANGEMENT OF MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MANU-
FACTURING SUCH CASING."
Sealed the 17th September 1867, and dated the 19th March 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William M°Adam and
Sigismund Schuman at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 19th March 1867.
We, WILLIAM MCADAM and SIGISMUND SCHUMAN, both of Glasgow, in the
County of Lanark, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention of "AN IMPROVED CASING FOR PROTECTING BOTTLES OR OTHER SIMILAR
ARTICLES; ALSO AN IMPROVED ARRANGEMENT OF MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR
MANUFACTURING SUCH CASING," to be as follows, that is to say :-
The first part of this Invention, which has for its object the production of
an elastic and soft case or covering for protecting bottles or other frangible
articles consists in utilizing certain substances some of which are now the
refuse of several manufactures, such as waste jute or woollen waste, also in

page_text: using any other suitable fibrous materials as well as hair; these substances
are combined together in the ordinary or other manner used for manufacturing
felt so as to produce a coarse pulped and felted material. The sheets of this
felt may be agglutinated with a solution of glue, shellac, gutta percha, india-
rubber, or other suitable substances for the purpose of imparting to the felt a
degree of tenacity as well as elasticity. The cases are formed into various
shapes to fit over the bottles or other articles to be thus protected; and the
apparatus or means (constituting the second part of this Invention) used for
converting the sheets of felt into the cases consists as follows:-The sheet of
felted material is led through a pair of rollers, on issuing from which it passes
over or under another roller or its equivalent provided with sets of knives or
cutters of such form as to cut the felt into the shape or shapes requisite to
form the cases from. When cut the pieces of felted material drop or are
laid on to an endless travelling web, on arriving at the further end of which
one half of each cut piece falls over the end roller, and as soon as the pieces
of felt are in this position a spiked roller in front is brought in position by
ordinary gearing to catch each one of the pieces at the centre of their length,
the travelling forward of the machine thus causing each piece of felt to be
disengaged from the web and to fall over on one side of each of the spikes on
the roller herein-before referred to; these spikes are made of the shape
required for the interior case, and in addition to performing the act of
catching hold of each piece of felted material they constitute the mandrils or
matrices on which the material is moulded. After the spikes have thus each
one taken up a piece of the felted material the roller or roller's holding them
is or are advanced forward in its or their revolution, and other revolving
matrices, dies, or moulds in front of them actuated by a clutch or other
convenient means close around the pieces of the felted material, thereby
compressing them on the mandrils into the requisite form. The matrices or
moulds are then released by the same clutch or other convenient means, and
the roller carrying the mandrils is continued in its revolution, so that when
passing through the lower half of the rotation the cases drop off into a recep-
tacle placed to 'contain them. In place, however, of forming the cases in the
manner herein before described the combined inaterial instead of being made
into sheets may be compressed in moulds by hand or other power and to a
certain extent dried whilst therein, the moulds being heated by steam or
otherwise for that purpose. If desired the sides of the felted material, in
place of being joined by pressure, may be sewn up or stitched together.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William M Adam and Sigismund Schuman in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 17th September 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM
M° ADAM and SIGISMUND SCHUMAN, both of Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirtieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said William M°Adam and Sigismund Schuman, Her special license that
we, the said William M°Adam and Sigismund Schuman, our executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said William McAdam and
Sigismund Schuman, our executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED CASING
FOR PROTECTING BOTTLES AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES; ALSO AN IMPROVED
ARRANGEMENT OF MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said William M°Adam and
Sigismund Schuman, by an instrument in writing under our hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
"
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said William M°Adam and Sigismund
Schuman, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement, reference being had to the
accompanying Drawings and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that
is to say:
The first part of our said Invention, which has for its object the production
of an elastic and soft case or covering for protecting bottles and other frangible
articles, consists in utilizing certain substances, some of which are now the refuse
of several manufactories, such as waste jute, woollen waste; also in using any
other suitable fibrous material as well as hair; these substances are combined

page_text: together in the ordinary or other manner used for manufacturing felt so as to
produce a coarse pulped felted material; the sheets of this felt may be
agglutinated with a solution of glue, shellac, gutta percha, india-rubber, or
other suitable substances for the purpose of imparting to the felt a degree of
tenacity as well as elasticity. The cases are formed into various shapes to fit over
the bottles or other article to be thus protected; and the apparatus or means (con-
stituting the second part of this Invention) used for converting the sheets of felt
into the cases consists as follows:- The sheet of felted material is led through a
pair of rollers, on issuing from which it passes over or under another roller or its
equivalent provided with sets of knives or cutters of such form as to cut the felt
into the shape or shapes requisite to form the cases from. When cut the pieces of
felted materials drop or are laid on to an endless travelling web, on arriving at
the further end of which one half of each cut piece falls over the end roller,
and as soon as the pieces of felt are in this position a spiked roller in front is
brought in position by ordinary gearing to catch each one of the pieces at the
centre of their length the travelling forward of the machine thus causing each
piece of felt to be disengaged from the web and to fall over on one side of each
of the spikes on the roller herein-before referred to; these spikes are made of
the shape required for the interior case, and in addition to performing the act
of catching hold of each piece of felted material they constitute the mandrils or
matrices on which the material is moulded. After the spikes have thus each
one taken up a piece of the felted material the roller or rollers holding them
is or are advanced forward in its or their revolution and other revolving
matrices, dies, or moulds in front of them actuated by a clutch or other con-
venient means close around the pieces of the felted material, thereby com-
pressing them on the mandrils into the requisite form. The matrices or
moulds are then released by the same clutch or other convenient means, and
the roller carrying the mandrils is continued in its revolution so that when
passing through the lower half of the rotation the cases drop off into a
receptacle placed to contain them. In place, however, of forming the cases
in the manner herein-before described the combined material instead of being
made into sheets may be compressed into moulds by hand or other power and
to a certain extent dried whilst therein, the moulds being heated by steam for
that purpose.
If desired the sides of the felted material in place of being
joined by pressure may be sewn up or stitched together.
And in order that our said Invention may be properly understood we now
proceed to more particularly describe a system, mode, or manner in or under
which the same is or may be used or practically carried into effect, reference

page_text: being had, for the sake of more complete elucidation, to the several Figures of
upon the explanatory Sheet of Diagrams which we have hereunto appended,
that is to say:-
Figure 1 is a Diagram representing one arrangement of mechanism that
we employ for using up waste material, felting it, and forming it into cases for
bottles, the several operations being effected in the following manner :-The
material to be felted is shown at A, the large roller B, and the smaller
rollers C situated around its circumference, being for the purpose of dis-
integrating, breaking up, and separating the waste material in such a manner
that it may afterwards be in a state ready for being felted. After the
material has been thus broken up and disintegrated it passes from the last
roller C and in a loose form is carried between the rollers D, passing thence
between the upper and under travelling webs a and b to the table E, where
the sheet of disintegrated material is cut into pieces of the shape required by
means of cutters arranged in the cutter frame F; after being cut the material
passes through the rollers F which guide the ends of the cut pieces on to
the male mould G, these moulds being made of the shape and dimensions
to correspond with the bottle over which the cases are to fit. The male
moulds G are held upon a revolving barrel H, and it is preferred to place
hooks or catches at the point marked c on to which the cut pieces of material
catch as they are propelled forward by the action of the drawing rollers F¹.
On refering to the Diagram, Figure 1, it will be seen that whilst on the one
side the male moulds G are being supplied with the pieces of cut material
the pieces of material on the opposite mould is being compressed by the female
mould I having closed upon it, thus forming the material into the shape of the
case required. It is obvious that during the time the female moulds close
and compress the material upon the male moulds G, thereby felting it and
forming it into the case, that the male and female moulds for the time stand
still, the position of one in the other causing the two to be completely locked,
and whilst thus standing the male mould at the opposite side is in position to
receive another piece of the material delivered to it by the rollers F. As soon
as the female moulds have compressed the material upon the male moulds
they open and free the male moulds, at the same time the barrel carrying the
male moulds G revolves through a quadrant, and the pieces of material being
caught by the hooks at c as the moulds move through an upward angle they
carry the material with them until assuming an upright position; the material
is situated as shown at the top mould G, whilst another mould in front of it
is being closed over by the female mould, thus rendering the process as nearly
as may be continuous. For the purpose of more effectually joining the sides

page_text: of the material as they meet and are compressed within and upon the moulds
I and G a slow revolving movement is given to the moulds G which may be
effected by providing their inner ends with a worm wheel driven by a tangent
screw, and if desired the material to be felted may be supplied with an
adhesive and elastic solution at any convenient stage of the process for the
purpose of causing the fibres to hold together more firmly. In lieu, however,
of manufacturing the protecting cases in the manner herein-before described
-we employ the moulds shown at Figure 2, where A is the male and B the
female mould. The material is treated up to the stage of cutting, as in the
previous modification, and as it passes from the delivery rollers F¹ it is
allowed to hang downwards over the lower roller until the middle of each cut
piece comes opposite the sharp pointed end of the male mould A; at the same
instant the male mould is dashed forward into the female mould, carrying the
pieces of material with it when it is at once compressed, felted, and formed
into the shape required; the male and female moulds may one or both have a
slow revolving motion imparted to them if desired.
Figures 3, 4, and 5 show the shape into which the material is cut previous
to being converted into cases.
It is obvious that the means for manufacturing such cases may be much
varied from what we have herein set forth, and also the mode of actuating, as
well as the details thereof.
Having now described the nature of our said Invention, and the manner
in or under which the same is or may be used or practically carried into
effect, we would observe, in conclusion, that what we consider novel and
original, and therefor claim as the Invention secured to us by the herein-
before in part recited Letters Patent is,-
First, the manufacture of protecting cases in the manner and of materials
as herein-before described, or any mere modification thereof.
Second, the utilization of waste material for the purpose of manufacturing
protecting cases or covers therefrom, substantially as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Sigismund Schuman, on behalf of the
said William M Adam and of myself, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Sixteenth day of September, One thousand eight hundred
and sixty-seven.
SIGISMUND SCHUMAN. (LS.)