matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR CLEARING, SWEEPING, AND REMOVING THE REFUSE FROM HIGHWAYS, STREETS, AND ROADS OR WAYS, APPLICABLE ALSO FOR REMOVING THE LEAVES OF CUT GRASS AND OTHER REFUSE FROM LAWNS AND OTHER GRASS LANDS AND WALKS
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry John Pickard, of Keyworth, in the County
of Nottingham, Saddler and Harness Maker and Cottager, for the
Invention of "AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR CLEARING, SWEEPING, AND
REMOVING THE REFUSE FROM HIGHWAYS, STREETS, AND ROADS OR WAYS,
APPLICABLE ALSO FOR REMOVING THE LEAVES OF CUT GRASS AND OTHER REFUSE
FROM LAWNS AND OTHER GRASS LANDS AND WALKS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry John Pickard at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th February 1865.
I, HENRY JOHN PICKARD, of Keyworth, in the County of Nottingham,
Saddler and Harness Maker and Cottager, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR CLEARING, SWEEPING, AND
REMOVING THE REFUSE FROM HIGHWAYS, STREETS, AND ROADS OR WAYS, APPLICABLE
ALSO FOR REMOVING THE LEAVES OF CUT GRASS AND OTHER REFUSE FROM LAWNS
AND OTHER GRASS LANDS AND WALKS," to be as follows:-
This machine consists of a cart, vehicle, or receptacle, bereafter called
"cart" only, which is provided with two shafts so that it may be drawn by horse
or animal power; the shafts may, however, be removed and a handle sub-

page_text: stituted therefor, so that the machine may be drawn by hand. When the
machine is of such size as to require horse or animal power, the end of the cart
between the shafts is hollowed out or recessed to receive the hinder parts of a
horse or other animal. The cart is provided with two wheels working on an
axle, on which is also placed one or more toothed wheels, or the toothed
wheels may be secured to the spokes or other parts of the wheels of the cart.
On the upper side of the toothed wheels or wheel is a smaller toothed wheel
provided with a pulley, each wheel and pulley being fast on an axle working
in bearings attached to the framing of the cart. At the back of the cart are
bearings for an axle, from which radiate lifters or shovels; and further back
on the cart are bearings for the axle of a brush which may extend the width
of the cart; the axles of the brush and lifters or shovels are capable of adjust-
ment vertically and of sliding in their bearings vertically. The brush and
lifters or shovels have rotary motion communicated to them by the employment
of a crossed strap passing round pulleys on the ends of their axles, and round
the pulley or pulleys on the axle of the small toothed wheel before mentioned.
The cart is covered in at top, and has an adjustable covering for the brush and
lifters or shovels, and at each side of the cart, near the front end thereof, is a
sliding, shuttle, and when this is raised the refuse or rubbish which has been
gathered into the cart will run out of the holes closed by the shuttles; or the
rubbish or refuse may be drawn out thereat. The bottom of the cart is
inclined from the centre to the sides thereof in order to facilitate the emptying
of the same.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN FISH HOOKS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Ashton Hackett at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
February 1865.
I, WILLIAM ASHTON HACKETT, of the City of Cork, Ireland, Fishing Tackle
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVEMENT IN FISH HOOKS," to be as follows:-
This Invention is applicable to fish hooks of all sizes, from the largest used
for shark, dolphin, or albicore fishing to the smallest used for trout, perch, or
other fresh water fish, whenever it is desirable that the small fish used as a
bait, or any other bait placed on the hook, should twirl or spin on being drawn
through the water or on being held in a swiftly running stream.
The Invention consists of a pair of fins, wings, or vanes of metal, horn,
bone, or other material soldered, brazed, screwed, socketed, or otherwise
fixed or secured to the fishing hook at either end, or on any other portion of
the said hook, in such a manner that when the said hook is drawn through
the water or held in a running stream the said hook shall be compelled to
spin or twirl, the said book being of course attached to the line by means
of a swivel, and having no artificial bait or substance in connection with it.
I may here remark that I am aware that similar fins, wings, (r vanes

page_text: have been applied to artificial baits, but what I consider as novel, and desire
to secure to myself is, the adaptation or use of such fins, wings, or vanes in
connection with bare fish hooks so that a real fish or other bait may be used
therewith. A small hook may be attached to the principal hook for the
purpose of securing the head of the small fish used as a bait.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ENABLING THE PASSENGERS IN A RAILWAY TRAIN TO COMMUNICATE WITH THE GUARD
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Albert Westhead at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th March
1865.
I, ALBERT WESTHEAD, of No. 17, St. Mary Axe, in the City of London,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR ENABLING THE PASSENGERS IN A RAILWAY TRAIN TO COMMUNICATE
WITH THE GUARD," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for enabling the
passengers in a railway train to communicate with the guard. For this purpose
I place in the guard's van a reservoir of compressed air, which the guard, by
means of a pump or otherwise, can replenish from time to time as may be
required. On each of the carriages of the train a pipe is fixed, and a whistle
is mounted on this pipe. When the carriages are put together into a train,
connections are made between the pipes on the several carriages by means of
lengths of vulcanized india-rubber tube, which are sprung over the ends of
the pipes. In this manner a connection is made between the reservoir of air
in the guard's van and the pipes from end to end of the train, and these pipes
are kept constantly full of compressed air. In each compartment of every
carriage a cord is provided, on pulling which a cock is turned so as to allow
the compressed air to escape through the whistle and cause it to sound, and
it will then continue to sound until the cock is turned back to its original
position, which cannot be done by the occupants of the carriage. At the
same time that the whistle is thus caused to sound a catch is released, and
a spring throws out from the side of the carriage or the compartment thereof

page_text: a signal arm or frame, which the guard, looking from his van, can see, and
he is able to walk along the train at once to the carriage or compartment
from which the signal has been made, and should the guard find it necessary
he will signal to the engine driver by means of his flag or lamp to stop the
train. The engine driver will be on the look-out for the guard's signal as he
will have heard the call whistle sounded from the carriage..
In order that the signal arm or frame thrown out from the side of the
carriage or compartment may be seen at night, I prefer to glaze it with red
glass, and to have at the front of the train a light on the same level, so that
when the glazed arm or frame is turned out from any carriage or compart-
ment, the guard on looking towards the light will see it of a red color, as
the glazed arm or frame will then be between his eye and the light.
By this arrangement it will be seen that but one whistle and one glazed
arm or frame is required for each carriage, thus great simplicity is obtained.
In place of a whistle other similar instrument sounding by means of a
current of air may be employed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PUDDLING, HEATING, AND OTHER FURNACES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Wright at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th March
1865.
I, JOSEPH WRIGHT, of Dudley, in the County of Worcester, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PUDDLING, HEATING, AND OTHER FURNACES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described in
puddling, heating, and other furnaces, the fire-grates of which have moveable
or rising and falling bars, and consists of arrangements or combinations of
parts having for their object the prevention of the formation of clinkers and
the breaking up of any clinkers that may be formed in the furnace or
fire-place.
My Invention consists, firstly, in fixing cast-iron boxes or troughs on either
or both sides of the fire-place of the said furnaces, the said boxes or troughs
having an opening to the outside or back of the furnace, and having an outlet
either through the roof by means of a pipe or into the stack. By the cir-
culation of air through the said boxes or troughs they are kept cool, and
the formation of clinkers on the sides of the furnace prevented, or partly
prevented.
My Invention consists, secondly, of an arrangement for cutting the clinkers
off the bridge by means of a slide working through the boxes or troughs
referred to in the first part of my Invention. This slide works through slots
in the boxes or troughs and has a horizontal transverse motion. The said

page_text: slide may be worked by means of a handle or handles on one or both sides of
the furnace.
My Invention consists, thirdly, of arrangements for lifting the two outside
fire-bars in the furnace grate vertically to the height required for cutting off
the whole of the clinkers on the sides of the furnace.
One of these arrangements consists of an additional crank on each end of
each of the rocking shafts by which motion is given to the bars. The outside
bars are supported on the said additional cranks; and the said additional
cranks are of such a length that when the rocking shafts are moved to raise
the bars the outside bars are raised by the said additional cranks to a much
greater height than the other bars, which outside bars in their motion traverse
the vertical sides of the furnace and clear them from any clinkers that may be
attached thereto.
Another arrangement for lifting the two outside bars consists in connecting
a chain to the ends of each of the bars, the said chain passing over pulleys
and having a balance weight at its end. The chains passing from the ends
of the bars are so arranged that by the motion of the shaft both ends of each
of the bars are raised or lowered simultaneously, and the clinkers cut from the
sides of the furnace.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CHAINS, BRACELETS, NECKLACES, AND OTHER ANALOGOUS ARTICLES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Carlo Giuliano at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th September
1865.
I, CARLO GIULIANO, of Frith Street, Soho Square, in the County of Middle-
sex, Goldsmith and Jeweller, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CHAINS, BRACELETS,
NECKLACES, AND OTHER ANALOGOUS ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in the manufacture of chains, bracelets,
necklaces, and other analogous articles," consists in forming these articles of
a combination of two semi-cubular or trough-shaped bands or straps of metal
which when wound together round a mandril, interlock and form a flexible or
elastic structure capable of bearing considerable tensile strain.
In carrying out my Invention bands or strips of metal of suitable width,
according to the nature of the pattern it is desired to produce, are drawn,
rolled, or otherwise formed, of a trough-like form having projecting vertical
edges thus n. A band with the edges projecting upwards is first
wound round a flat, round, or other suitable mandril, so as to produce a helical,
coil. The other strip with the projecting edges downwards is then wound
on the former so as to insert the projecting edges of one coil in the trough of

page_text: the other. It will now be understood that as the tensile strain on the
structure will be longitudinal and consequently across the troughs, the pro-
jecting edges of the two strips will be drawn against each other, and thus
while giving the requisite amount of elasticity will impart sufficient strength
to the article.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GREASE FOR LUBRICATING PURPOSES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jules Desmontils at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th February
1865.
I, JULES DESMONTILS, of Avenue de la Mothe-Piquet, Paris, in the Empire
of France, Grease Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GREASE FOR LUBRICATING
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of grease for
lubricating all kinds of frictional surfaces. It is only necessary to use a tenth
part of this grease as compared with that usually employed, and it is of such
refractory nature that instead of having a tendency to heat like ordinary
greases, it will arrest it instantaneously; it also keeps the machinery con-
stantly cool, and effects a considerable saving by its use. The following are
the ingredients of this improved grease, together with the proportions for one
thousand parts, which may, however, be varied if desired :—
Waste mutton tallow
Hydrated basic oleate of potash
Refuse butter, without salt
Glycerine
Solution of carbonate of soda
225 parts
400
.
"
825
"
20
"
30
"
1,000 parts.

page_text: imparts an unctuous consistency, it being preserved at a suitable degree of
softness, according to the quantity of refuse butter that may be added and the
purpose for which it is to be employed; the solution of carbonate of soda
serves to ensure the homogeneousness of the several substances; and, lastly,
the proportion of glycerine, which forms the solid principle of fatty bodies by
neutralizing their combination, serves to preserve the grease at the same
degree of consistency in any temperature.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF MEAT FOR FOOD
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Hill Hassall at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th October
1865.
I, ARTHUR HILL HASSALL, of Wimpole Street, in the County of Middlesex,
M.D., do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE PREPARATION OF MEAT FOR FOOD," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the preparation of meat
for food, and consists in drying fresh meat or flesh at a temperature below
the coagulating point of the albumen in the meat, and afterwards grinding
and sifting the dried product to obtain it in the state of a fine powder, when it
is in a condition fit for use. In some cases it is preferred to mix with the
powder so obtained a portion of powder obtained in a similar manner from
meat dried at a higher temperature to that above mentioned. By preparing
the meat or flesh in this way, animal soups (particularly beef tea) may not
only be quickly prepared therefrom, but all the parts of the meat will in
addition be contained in the soup in place of the fibrous portion of the meat
being separated from the soup as is commonly the case.
AN IMPROVED MEANS OF SECURING AND PROTECTING THE INDIA-RUBBER RINGS OF BUFFER SPRINGS OF RAILWAY CARRIAGES, WHICH INVENTION IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO AIR PUMP AND VALVE SEATINGS, AND LIDS FACED WITH INDIA-RUBBER
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William John Oliver at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th March
1865.
I, WILLIAM JOHN OLIVER, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Commercial Traveller, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED MEANS OF SECURING AND PROTECTING THE INDIA-RUBBER RINGS OF
BUFFER SPRINGS OF RAILWAY CARRIAGES, WHICH INVENTION IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO
AIR PUMP AND VALVE SEATINGS, AND LIDS FACED WITH INDIA-RUBBER," to be
as follows:-
This Invention relates to the class of buffer springs for railway carriages
consisting of a number of vulcanized india-rubber rings or collars separated
from each other by plates or washers of metal; an aperture is formed
through the india-rubber rings or collars, and through the plates or washers
of metal, through which aperture the buffer rod works. It is found that the
india-rubber rings or collars by the friction and rubbing of the plates or
washers of metal are destroyed by being split and broken; this is especially
the case where the buffers of carriages receive angular thrusts or blows to
which they are liable when retarded or stopped on sharp curves.
The object of this Invention is to secure and protect the said rings or
collars of india-rubber and prevent friction, which I effect by covering or
coating the said plates or washers of metal with vulcanite or ebonite, to which
covering or coating the ring or collar of india-rubber is inseparable, being
attached and secured by a solution of india-rubber and vulcanizing.

page_text: Or instead of the plates or washers of metal I employ discs of vulcanite,
ebonite, balata, gutta percha in combination with india-rubber, which discs
are provided with metal eyes or apertures, through which the buffer rod
works, and the rings or collars of india-rubber are secured thereto, as above
described.
By the method above described I attach india-rubber (where such is
required) to the seats of valves, which method I also employ in securing a
facing" of india-rubber to the lids of air pumps.
IMPROVEMENTS IN INSTRUMENTS FOR PUNCHING OR PERFORATING LEATHER AND OTHER MATERIALS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Marsland and Peter
Williams at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 5th October 1865.
We, EDWARD MARSLAND and PETER WILLIAMS, both of the City of Man-
chester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineers and Machinists, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN INSTRUMENTS FOR
PUNCHING OR PERFORATING LEATHER AND OTHER MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
Our improvements relate more particularly to portable punches or instru-
ments for punching holes in leather and other materials by hand, and it
consists of a "jaw piece" in which a screw spindle works in a hole in the jaw,
tapped with a screw thread. The outer side end of this screw spindle has a
handle upon it, by which it is rotated; the inside end of the screw spindle
is formed to receive a hollow punch of any required size. The material to
be perforated is placed within the jaw piece, and the screw spindle is then
rotated, when the punch advances and presses the material against the inside
of the jaw, and then passes through the material. Our improved punch
makes a perfectly clear perforation owing to its combined advancing and
rotating movement when passing through the material, while its screw action
sufficiently concentrates the power to force the punch through material
difficult to penetrate and of considerable thickness.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COMMON ROAD CARRIAGES, AND IN BREAKS FOR THE SAME
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Rock at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th October 1865.
I, JAMES ROCK, the younger, of Hastings, in the County of Sussex,
Carriage Builder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN COMMON ROAD CARRIAGES, AND IN BREAKS FOR THE SAME," to be
as follows:-
My Invention consists, first, in applying springs made of steel, india-rubber,
or other suitable material, either separately or in connection with hinges or
joints, to the heads of landaus and other carriages made to open and shut,
for the purpose of raising or closing such heads, or assisting to raise or close
them, whether such raising or closing be done simply by hand or with the
aid of levers, screws, or other machinery. I place these springs, made of any
convenient shape, so that the moving parts of the heads press or rest upon
them when lowered, the springs thus counterbalancing the weight of those
parts and giving them a tendency to rise. Second, in making springs for
carriages of triangular, elliptical, or semi-elliptical form in such manner that
the strongest part of the springs shall be at the part farthest from the points
of support and of attachment to the weight to be supported contrary to the
method hitherto followed. Third, in making breaks for retarding the motion
of carriages in such manner that they may be applied by a person sitting on

page_text: the near side of the coach box, or either by such person or by the coachman,
in the latter case two handles or levers are provided, one on each side of the
carriage, and the horizontal connecting rods by which the handles act upon
the retarders are jointed, so that when one handle is used and its connecting
rod drawn straight, the connecting rod on the other side drops by its own
weight out of the straight line at the part where jointed, and thus offers no
impediment to the use of the break. A spring or springs is or are attracted
to the break rods or shafts to throw the retarders off the wheels when the
handle is released by the person using it. I also sometimes make retarders
to act both before and behind the wheels of a carriage at the same time; in
this case I make the rods or levers carrying the hind retarders to work in
slides fixed to the framing of the carriage, and connect them with the front
retarders by means of connecting rods, so as to be applied or thrown off at
the same time and by the same handle.or handles as, before described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY TO, BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TELEGRAPH CABLES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Fleeming Jenkin at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st August
1865.
I, FLEEMING JENKIN, of Duke Street, Adelphi, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY TO, BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TELEGRAPH CABLES," to be as
follows:-
My Invention has for its object improvements in machinery to be used in
the manufacture of telegraph cables. I subject the cables as manufactured,
and before or while being finally coiled away on board ship, to a maximum
or proof strain. By this means weak places may be discovered in-the-
strengthening.covering of the cables, latent flaws in the insulating material
may be developed by the stretching of the core, and in fine, any injury likely
to occur in paying out the cable may be forestalled and remedied. I place in
front of the drawing-off drum of the machine, by which the cable is covered
with the strengthening material, a second drawing-off drum driven by powerful
frictional gearing, so as to go slightly faster than the first drawing-off drum
if not checked. Between the two drums I allow the cable to fall in a bight,
passing under a loose pulley loaded with the weight calculated to produce the
proof strain required on the cable, or any suitable dynamometer may be used.
I regulate the speed of the second drawing-off drum by a strap on a double ⚫
cone, or analogous contrivance. Instead of the weight and loose pulley the
required strain may be brought on the cable by putting two drums in front of

page_text: the drawing-off drum. The new drum next the machine is not driven by the
machine, but is retarded by a break of suitable form, so as to cause a sensible
constant retarding strain to come upon the cable before the foremost drawing
drum which is driven from the machinery can pull the second one round; the
loose loaded pulley may be used in conjunction with these two drums, or
omitted. Or I place a similar arrangement of two drums, one driven by
machinery and the other retarded by a break between the ship tanks and the
shore tanks. The cable may either pass under a loaded pulley giving the
desired strain, or the break alone may be trusted to as giving the measure of
that strain. When the drums are placed in this second position, the speed of
the drawing drum is regulated by convenience only. After passing this test
the cable must be examined for mechanical and electrical defects.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BINDING ATTACHMENTS FOR SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Everard Clifton and
Abraham Hoffnung at the Office of the Commissiones of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 4th March 1865.
We, HENRY EVERARD CLIFTON and ABRAHAM HOFFNUNG, both of Liverpool,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
BINDING ATTACHMENTS FOR SEWING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to secure by mechanical agency the proper
longitudinal tension of the binding, and at the same time to carry it over the
edge of the fabric to be bound, in such manner that at the point of passage
for the needle the said edge of the fabric may be fully grasped by the binding,
and secured firmly therein during the process of sewing; and also to secure
an easy and simple adaptation of the operative parts of the said improvement
to the thickness of the fabric to be bound, and to the width of the binding
employed.
In carrying out the said Invention the said binding attachment consists
chiefly of an adjustable guage, concave guide for the edge of the fabric, two
clamp guides for the edges of the binding, and an adjustable tension bar.
The operation of these parts will be understood by reference to the accom-
panying Drawings, of which Figs. 1 and 2 are perspective views representing
respectively the front and rear of the said improvement; Fig. 3 is a sectional
view representing the concave guide as detached from the guage; Figs. 4

page_text: and 5 represent the clamp guides for the binding. (A) represents the base
plate of the binding attachment, which is adapted to be secured upon any
ordinary sewing machine by means of two small screws; (B) represents a
guage, which will be arranged upon the plate (A) in such manner as to be
adjustable longitudinally and laterally by means of set screws (c, d); (e) repre-
sents the tapering or wedge-formed guide, which will be secured to and carried by
the guage (B) (f, g,); represent the clamp guides, which will be secured to the
base plate (A), and their edges turned in such manner as to be adapted to
conduct the edges of the binding over the fabric to be bound; (h) indicates
the point of passage for the needle; (i) represents a shoe secured to a flexible
plate () upon which the foot of the sewing machine may rest; (k) repre-
sents a standard attached to the guage (B), and provided with adjustable
stops (l, m,) which are adapted to regulate, the binding with reference to its
lap upon the fabric; (n) represents an adjustable tension bar, so arranged
with reference to the standard (k) as to give any desired longitudinal strain
or tension to the binding.
In the operation of the improvement the binding will be made to pass
between the tension bar (n) and the standard (k), over the stop (1), under
stop (m), through slot (p), and along the concave (e), over the edge of the
fabric,
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO. FURNACES FOR SMELTING ORES AND MELTING METALS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Brook, John Eastwood, and
George Brook at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 3rd April 1865.
We, HENRY BROOK, of Huddersfield, in the County of York, Ironfounder,
JOHN EASTWOOD, of Huddersfield, in the County of York, Architect, and GEORGE
BROOK, junior, of Huddersfield, in the County of York, Dyer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO.
FURNACES FOR SMELTING ORES AND MELTING METALS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention has for its object the application of steam (by preference of
high pressure) to the lower parts of furnaces used in smelting ores or melting
metals, for the purpose of producing a blast in substitution for the ordinary
means of producing a blast by a fan. For this purpose the steam is applied
in jets through pipes or nozzles inserted in the lower parts of the furnace where
the blast of air is ordinarily applied through tuyere pipes. The steam is
introduced into the tuyere apertures, which are open to the atmosphere
through short pipes or nozzles of small diameter, such pipes or nozzles being
connected with the pipe or pipes for supplying the steam. By this arrange-
ment steam from the steam pipe and atmospheric air are caused to enter the
apertures leading into the furnace, and the blast is created by the jet of steam
admitted into the aperture at the same time as the atmospheric air. It is
prefered that their should be three or more short pipes or nozzles for
introducing steam, and so arranged that the jets of steam should be directed

page_text: obliquely across the interior of the cupola in such a manner as to produce a
rotation in the currents of air and steam as they pass upwards.
The number of jets of steam applied may be varied, in some cases only one
jet may be employed for the purpose stated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CASES OR RECEPTACLES FOR MATCHES, STAMPS, CARDS, AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Betjemaun, George Williams
Betjemann, and John Betjemann at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 21st April 1865.
We, GEORGE BETJEMANN, GEORGE WILLIAM BETJEMANN, and JOIN BETJEMANN,
all of Pentonville, in the County of Middlesex, Desk and Dressing Case
Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CASES OR RECEPTACLES FOR MATCHES, STAMPS, CARDS, AND
OTHER ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in constructing cases or receptacles for matches,
stamps, cards, and other articles, of two cylindrical, oval, or other conveniently
shaped cases, one of which is made to slide within the other. The outer
case is closed at one end, and the inner case at both ends; a recess is formed
in that end of the inner case which comes against the closed end of the
outer case to receive a spiral or other spring. A portion of the side of the
inner case is removed in order that matches, stamps, cards, or other articles
may be placed therein and taken out as required. One of the cases carries
a pin or stud which slides in a slot in the other case, and acts as a guide to
close the case; the inner case is pushed into the outer case to the further end
thereof, when a spring catch takes into a hole in the inner case and holds it;
then to open the case press down a button or stud to release the catch, when
the spiral or other spring will force out the inner case and expose the

page_text: articles therein; the slot before mentioned does not extend to the end of the
case, so that tho inner case is prevented coming out altogether. Where the
employment of a spring might be deemed objectionable, our Invention consists
in both opening and closing the case by causing the inner case to travel
inwards and outwards by means of a rack and a toothed wheel and pinion
acted upon by a button or by a lever trigger with two arms, to one of which
one rack is connected, or one of the racks is connected to the button. This
rack works through and passes below the outer caso and engages in a toothed
pinion on the same spindlo as a toothed wheel, and this toothed wheel engages
into a rack on the inner caso which passes through or works in a slot in the
outer case. By thrusting down the first-named rack the inner case is moved
in one direction, and by pulling it up it is made to travel in the contrary
direction.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF A CERTAIN DESCRIPTION OF WOVEN FABRIC CALLED TURKISH TOWELLING
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Gorton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th May
1805.
I, JAMES GORTON, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Commission
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF A CERTAIN DESCRIPTION OF WOVEN FABRIC CALLED
TURKISH TOWELLING,'" to be as follows:-
The Invention relates to the manufacture of a soft absorbent fabric to be
employed as "towelling," and to partake of the character of the now well
known so called "Turkish towelling."
The improvements consist in weaving a fabric of somewhat open texture
with a warp and weft of silk waste which has been previously made into yarn,
and which presents an uneven or "knotty" appearance and texture.
When
the warp and weft of this material is combined in weaving it forms a fabric,
the surface of which is covered with "tufts" or "knots" which fill up the
interstices left between the open warp and weft, which "knotted" surface
absorbs moisture to a great degree, and is also peculiarly soft and agreeable to
the skin. By such means also this description of towelling called "Turkish "
or bath towelling can be produced more economically than by the ordinary
method of manufacturing fabrics so called.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PIANOFORTES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Johnson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th October
1865.
I, BENJAMIN JOHNSON, of Church Setret, Camberwell Green, in the County
of Surrey, Pianoforte Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PIANOFORTES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements upon a former Patent,
granted to me, the said Benjamin Johnson, and bearing date the 31st
July 1868, numbered 1897, under the title of improvements in pianofortes,
and the present Invention consists, first, in combining a flute sound accoin-
paniment with an harmonium or organ sound accompaniment, or to combine
a flute sound accompaniment in the treble, with a pianoforte accompaniment
in the bass. The following are examples of the means by which the above
objects may be accomplished. To adapt the flute accompaniment to the piano-
forte the bass half of the organ or harmonium action has to be shut off, which
may be effected by means of a lever and stop worked by hand, the other
half of the organ or harmonium action being left open; then shut off the
treble part of the piano action and you will have the flute sound, or the
treble of the pianoforte action may be left on and played with a bass

page_text: accompaniment of the organ or harmonium, or the two instruments may be
played separately, id est, either entirely as an organ or harmonium or as a
pianoforte by disconnecting the two actions from each other, which may be
effected by means of levers and stops as above mentioned, or the two instruments
may be played together.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BEDSTEADS, SOFAS, AND CHAIRS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Wilson and James
Goodfellow at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 22nd July 1865.
We, GEORGE WILSON and JAMES GOODFELLOW, both of Glasgow, in the
County of Lanark, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN BEDSTEADS, SOFAS, AND CHAIRS," to be as
follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates essentially to an arrangement of sofas, bedsteads,
and chairs, by. means of which they are rendered elastic in a simple and
inexpensive manner. This effect is obtained by means of a spring or springs,
which are placed either inside or outside the legs, a foot or feet being placed
below the spring which supports the bedstead, sofa, or chair on the floor. In
this manner the legs themselves are rendered elastic, and a rigid framework is
placed thereon, is rendered as easy for reclining or sitting upon as an ordinary
spring cushion or mattress.
AN IMPROVED SHANK FOR BUTTONS, STUDS, AND SOLITAIRES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Wright at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th July 1865.
I, HENRY WRIGHT, Jeweller, of No. 15, Goodge Street, Tottenham Court
Road, London, in the Parish of Saint Pancras, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED SHANK
FOR BUTTONS, STUDS, AND SOLITAIRES," to be as follows. —
Instead of the ordinary shank now in use on buttons, studs, and solitaires, I
propose to make a great improvement by shaping my shank somewhat in the
shape of letter S, thereby doing away with the necessity of sewing the button
on to the garment, and also requiring no button hole but simply an eyelet
hole where the button would ordinarily be sewn on; and another eyelet hole
at the place where the button hole would otherwise be, by passing the shank
through the one hole until the garment enters the top half of the shank, the
button becomes fixed, leaving a hook at the back to fasten into the other
eyelet hole, such hook being the bottom half of the letter S shank.
The part
sought to be protected is, firstly, the conformation or shape of the shank,
whether made in gold, silver, copper, brass, german silver, tin, iron, or any other
metal or metals whatsoever, whether made of single or double, round, square,
oval, or half round wire, or of flatted wire or flatted metals, or stamped or

page_text: otherwise produced in any metal or material whatsoever; secondly, its
application to buttons, studs, or solitaires, whether made of gold, silver,
copper, brass, german silver, iron, zinc, or any other metal or metals, or of
mother-of-pearl, ivory,) bone, wood, glass, porcelaine, leather, gutta percha,
or any other material or materials whatsoever.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOWS OR TIES FOR ARTICLES OF DRESS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isaac Lazarus at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
November 1865.
I, ISAAC LAZARUS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Jeweller
and Factor, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BOWS OR TIES FOR ARTICLES OF DRESS," to be as follows:-
My Invention refers to bows or ties such as are commonly worn at the
neck or in front of the dress, and consists in making the said bows or ties
of thin sheet metal or metallic alloy, or of bone or ivory, or other hard
non-metallic substance. By making the said bows or ties according to my
Invention they preserve their shape and last much longer than bows or ties
made of ribbon or other fabric. The said bows or ties can by my Invention
be made highly ornamental.
In making bows or ties of thin sheet metal or metallic alloy according to
my Invention I make them by preference of one, two, or more pieces in
the following way:-When I make the said bows or ties of one piece of
sheet metal or alloy I fashion the bow or tie by the process of stamping in
dies. When I employ two or more pieces of sheet metal or alloy I take a
piece of metal of the necessary width and length, with its ends shaped, and
I double it and fold the said doubled parts upon each other, the ends being
outwards, so as thereby to give the metal the form of a bow or tie. Around
the middle of the said doubled sheet metal I coil or bend a straight strip

page_text: of metal in order to form the middle portion of the bow or tie, the said
coiled piece being attached to the double piece by soldering or otherwise.
Behind the bow or tie thus formed I attach by soldering a plate having a
length somewhat greater than the said bow or tie. The said plate has a
concave figure, in order that the bow or tie may lie flat against the dress
of the person using the same. The bow or tie may be connected to the
dress by means of an elastic loop fixed to the back plate described, or the
back plate may be provided with a hook or other means of connection.
The thin sheet metal of which the bows or ties are made may be orna-
mented in any desired manner, and different coloured metals may be
employed.
In making the bows or ties of bone or ivory or other hard non-metallic
substance, I make them either in one piece or more than one piece, rivetted,
cemented, or otherwise fixed together. My Invention is applicable to all
such bows or ties as are or may be used in connection with articles of
dress.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR TRANSMITTING AND CONVERTING RECIPROCATING MOTION INTO ROTARY MOTION, APPLICABLE TO VARIOUS USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William John Cunningham at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
January 1865.
I, WILLIAM JOHN CUNNINGHAM, of Everett Terrace, Victoria Dock Road,
in the County of Essex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR TRANSMITTING AND CONVERTING
RECIPROCATING MOTION INTO ROTARY MOTION, APPLICABLE TO VARIOUS USEFUL
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
The apparatus of my Invention consists in a cylinder placed on a shaft to
which I desire to transmit rotary motion. On this cylinder I cut a double
incline or cam groove, the one part of the groove encircling the cylinder the one
half of its circumference, and the other in like manner encircling it the other
half; they meet in a sharp angle at either extremity, and, in fact, form a
continuation of the same groove. I apply a pin with or without a truck
roller in this groove, such pin and roller being mounted on a lever or other
part having reciprocating motion, the moving of which to and fro causes the
traverse of the roller in the cam groove and the rotation of the cylinder, the
movement in the one direction taking place in the groove on one side of the
cylinder, and the reverse movement on the opposite side, the incline of the
cam being in the opposite direction; thus a continuous rotary movement in

page_text: one direction is imparted to the shaft which may be transmitted to other
shafts if desired, as well understood, and may be used in propelling vessels,
locomotive and other machines for actuating drills, lathes, and in other
mechanical appliances.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR WASHING WOOL AND OTHER: FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Petrie, of Rochdale, in the
County of Lancaster, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with his Petition, on the 31st May 1865..
I, JOHN PETRIE, junior, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster,.
Machine Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR WASHING WOOL AND OTHER:
FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
My Invention refers to machinery for washing, in which wool or other
fibrous materials are conveyed to squeezing or delivering rollers by feed aprons-
or other travelling apparatus, and consists in so arranging the said aprons or
other such apparatus in reference to the rollers, that should the material fall.
from the former, it will drop on to the surface or surfaces of one or both of
the latter, and thus be presented to their bite. This I accomplish by placing
the top roller (if they be vertically arranged) on one side of the under roller,.
and adapting the guide of the feed apron or other travelling apparatus above
and over the surface thereof; or I dispose the squeezing or delivering rollers.
horizontally, and in like manner carry the apron or other such apparatus above-
and over one of them.
Another part of my Invention consists in applying a conveying apparatus
between the arrangement which lifts the material from the fluid and the
squeezing or delivering rollers. An arrangement I propose for this purpose

page_text: consists of a series of travelling rakes, which take the material from the lifting
drum described in the Specification of a Patent granted to me in conjunction
with Samuel Taylor, dated 11th January 1853, No. 75, or from other lifting
apparatus, and transfer the said material along a plate to the above-mentioned
rollers. In order to cause this delivery to take place in close proximity to
the rollers I propose to mount the rakes upon joints capable of turning
upon centres.
• Another part of my Invention consists in the employment of an endless
chain of travelling spikes, which lift the material from the fluid and convey
it along a plate, and from thence deliver it direct to the squeezing rollers
without the intervention of an apron or conveying rollers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CONSTRUCTING PORTABLE HOT ROOMS OR CHAMBERS FOR DRYING CLOTHS AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Welburn Williamson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th April
1865.
I, WELBURN WILLIAMSON, of 133, High Holborn, in the County of Middlesex,
Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CONSTRUCTING PORTABLE HOT ROOMS OR CHAMBERS FOR DRYING
CLOTHS AND OTHER ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in hot rooms or chambers
for drying cloths and other articles. For this purpose I construct apparatus
consisting of a chamber, in the lower part of which are placed horizontal
heating flues or pipes, and in the upper portion are placed frames in which
are bars for the articles to be laid on to dry. These frames are carried on
wheels which run on suitable rails placed on the lower part of the drying
chamber, so that they with the articles to be dried may be readily moved into
and out of the chamber. In order to beat the chamber I employ a stove of
any suitable kind to which the heating flues or pipes are connected.
The sides, ends, and top are constructed in the following manner :-I
employ a series of cast-iron frames of any suitable size similar to the sash
frames of a window, and the spaces between the bars are fitted with panels
composed of a sheet of felt held firmly between two thin sheets of metal. A
panel thus constructed is fitted in any suitable manner into each of the spaces

page_text: between the bars composing the frame of the drying chamber, by this means
the radiation of heat will be prevented. The bottom of the stove and the
bottom of the drying chamber are on the same level, so that they can be on a
floor without lowering any portion of the floor for the stove. Thus it will be
seen that the apparatus is self-contained, no brickwork being necessary, and 5
the various parts are so fixed together that the room can be readily taken
down and erected again.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FELT HATS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Vero at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd April 1865.
I, CHARLES VERO, of Atherstone, in the County of Warwick, Hat Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FELT HATS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of felt
hats, and consists in a method of producing felt hats with the under sides of
the brims dyed of a black or other dark color, whilst the upper sides of the
brims and the upper parts or bodies of the hats retain their ordinary color.
For these purposes I apply a hot solution of bichromate of potash to the
under side of the brim of a felt hat by means of a brush or otherwise; the
surface is then washed with cold water, a hot decoction of logwood, or madder,
or fustic, or a combination of these materials is then applied by a brush or
otherwise. This would produce a brown, but if a black be desired a second
coating of the bichromate of potash is applied, and a second coating of the
decoction of logwood, and afterwards a solution of a salt of iron.