matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Reuben James Cook at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th November 1880.
REUBEN JAMES COOK, of Chiswick, in the County of Middlesex.
RULER."
"AN IMPROVED
This Invention relates to an improved ruler or instrument for use by draughtsmen
and others in engineers', merchants', and other offices, in drawing or ruling
straight and parallel lines on paper or any other surface, and the advantages to be
derived from the use of which, are, that the liability of blotting the paper, books,
or other surface, by any ink which may get onto the ruler is entirely prevented,
and the liability of the ruler slipping upon an uneven surface is avoided.
The ordinary ruler rests close or immediately upon the paper, and has but a
lineal bearing thereon, hence its liability to the above disadvantages.
My improved ruler is, preferably, constructed of a flat piece of ebony or other
suitable wood (or it may be made of metal) with parallel edges, and with its upper
or holding surface grooved longitudinally for facility of manipulation, and its under
surface is fitted with metallic or other bearings which carry two or more rollers,
which may be made of any suitable wood or metal or other substance, and are
arranged parallel with each other and with the ruling edges of the ruler, and
which may be made comparatively long and carried centrally of the ruler as regards
its length, or comparatively short and carried at or near to the end thereof. The
bearings may be secured to the under surface of the ruler by screws, which may be
inserted into the under surface of the ruler, or may be passed through from the
upper surface through holes which are drilled so as to secure the parallelism of the
rollers.
My improved ruler is thus raised clear of the paper or other surface, and has an
extended bearing thereon, whereby the above referred to disadvantages are
avoided; and, moreover, its use will be productive of a great economy of time and
labor, and will require considerably less care being taken by the user.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHOW CASES OR BOXES FOR USE IN SHOPS OR OTHER PLACES."
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Kershaw, of 97, Wood Street, in the County of
Middlesex, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN SHOW CASES OR BOXES
FOR USE IN SHOPS OR OTHER PLACES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Kershaw at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th April 1880.
JAMES KERSHAW, of 97, Wood Street, in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN SHOW CASES OR BOXES FOR USE IN SHOPS OR OTHER PLACES."
I have designed this improved show case chiefly for gloves, though it is of course
applicable for a variety of other articles, such as sewing cottons, et cetera.
I form my case very simply; I take a common rectangular glove box, say, with
the usual divisions; for this I form a suitable frame or case having a straight or
curved glass front sloping back towards the top, and the top being carried back for
a distance about equal to the thickness of the internal box. The sides of the
case are arranged in any convenient and elegant form. To use this case I take the
internal box and slide it horizontally into the frame at the bottom; I then raiso
the back end till the box lies in the frame or case parallel to the front, it being
retained in position by a suitable spring or other catch, or if extra safety is
required by a lock. When in place the articles are fully exposed to view, while
when it is desired to show them to a customer it is only necessary to loosen the
catch, withdraw the box, and exhibit a neat box with the articles in it quite free
from the case.
On the underside of the internal box and near the catch I generally place a small
projection or loop; this serves to pull down the box by in case it should stick with
the paint or varnish; and also serves to raise that end of the box slightly when
placed on the counter, so as to place the goods more conveniently before the
customer; and also enables the shopman to get his fingers underneath it easily
when replacing it.

page_text: For gloves I generally prefer to place the divisions vertically, but this is not at
all essential, as they may be placed horizontally or diagonally, or even be removed
altogether according to circumstances or the articles to be displayed.
These cases can of course be varied as to size and shape, and various materials
may be used in their construction, such as wood, papier maché, or metal; but 5
I generally employ wood, and prefer to varnish or paint it neatly.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO BICYCLES, TRICYCLES, AND MECHANISMS WORKED BY THE FEET, OR WHERE A CRANK IS USED FOR IMPARTING MOTION
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Harold Homan at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd July 1880.
OTHER
HAROLD HOMAN, of. Bury, in the County of Lancaster, Mechanical Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO BICYCLES, TRICYCLES, AND
MECHANISMS WORKED BY THE FEET, OR WHERE A CRANK IS USED FOR IMPARTING
MOTION."
In bicycles and other similar machines where a crank attached to a driving
wheel is used for imparting motion as ordinarily constructed, the pedal travels in a
circle, having lateral and vertical motion of equal length. I find however that to
increase the length of the vertical motion and decrease the length of the lateral
motion gives the operator more power over the machine, and at the same time
enables him more easily to retain his feet on the pedals when working at a high
speed, allows the use of a smaller driving wheel, the saddle further back, a lower
centre of gravity, increased stability, ease in mounting, and reduced weight. The
advantages thus gained by applying the power more conveniently I estimate at
least one mile per hour on uneven roads.
My Invention consists in arranging the pedal below the crank pin, so as to give
an elliptical or approximately elliptical vertical motion to the pedal and to the
feet instead of the usual circular motion, and to enable the rider to use a driving
wheel of any diameter suitable. To the ends of the forks I attach a projecting
arm, preferably inclined towards the back of the machine, and to the crank pin a
lever, which carries the pedal fixed at any convenient placo. A connecting rod
jointed to the extreme ends of the projecting arm and the before mentioned lever
connect the two, causing the desired vertical elliptical motion to the pedal. The
lever may be cranked to bring the pedal under the rider's body. The pins forming
the joint between the projecting arm and the connecting rod I lengthen out to
form foot rests. The position of these is such as to keep the centre of gravity
well behind, and enables the use of more brake power. The joints at either end of
the above mentioned connecting rod I make of a peculiarly formed double ball
socket, which prevents any inconvenience from the lever or rod getting slightly
bent.
My Invention is also applicable to tricycles or other mechanisms worked by the
feet where a crank is used for imparting motion.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN STANDS OR HOLDERS FOR MATCH BOXES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Jensen at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 13th November 1880. A communication
from abroad by Ernst Adolf Nilson, of Stockholm, Sweden.
PETER JENSEN, of 33, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex. " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN STANDS OR HOLDERS FOR MATCH BOXES." [A communication from
abroad by Ernst Adolf Nilson, of Stockholm, Sweden.]
".
The object of this Invention is to provide a simple, cheap, and practical holder
for match boxes. This holder is pressed out of tin plate of a suitable thickness
and ornamented as desired; it is chiefly adapted to hang on a nail against the
wall, and has a tongue cut and pressed out in the lower part; the tongue has a bent
out upper edge, and may be strengthened by ribs formed in the pressing by turned
up edges or otherwise. The outer part of a common match box is slid down on this
tongue, the upper edge of which thereby pushes up and out the inner match
containing part of the match box. The stand is in the pressing curved or bulged
outward on each side, and the match box fits between these curved out parts, which
also serve the purpose of keeping the smoke and fumes from the wall.
In order to be able to take out the matches conveniently, the upper end and part
of the sides, of the inner match containing part is broken away before the match
box is pushed into the holder.
Although the stand is most suitable for hanging on a nail it may also be
arranged to stand on its end.
According to a modified arrangement the holder is made with an additional
upper tongue, and with a projecting bottom saucer for receiving the burnt match
eud. To fix the match box on the stand the upper edge of the outer part of the
box is first pushed up under the upper tongue so far that the bottom edge of the
said part of the box comes above the upper edge of the lower tongue, thereupon it
is pushed down onto the lower tongue as before described.
AN IMPROVED FANCY ELASTIC YARN RESEMBLING CHENILLE
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Crosier at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 13th November 1880.
CHARLES CROSIER, of 64, Friday Street, in the City of London, Shawl and
Mantle Manufacturer. "AN IMPROVED FANCY ELASTIC YARN RESEMBLING
CHENILLE."
My Invention consists in twisting together threads, which may be of various
kinds and colors, together with strands of india rubber, the latter being at the time
the threads are being twisted together stretched to their greatest length, so that
when the tension is released the indiarubber contracts, and carries with it the
inelastic threads, which are thus drawn into a series of small loops clustered round
the central elastic strands, producing an effect resembling chenille.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULDING PLANES AND A
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Carl Pieper at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 8th October 1880. A communication from
Wilhelm Grössler, of Dresden, Saxony.
CARL PIEPER, Civil-Engineer and Patent-Agent, resident at Gneisenau-strasse,
109/110, Berlin S.W., Prussia. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULDING PLANES AND
A communication from Wilhelm Grössler, of
THE MANUFACTURE OF THE SAME."
Dresden, Saxony.
This Invention relates to the manufacture of moulding-planes provided with
irons having their back shaped to correspond with the moulding to be produced,
while their bevelled end-surface is on the front or leading side of the iron.
The stock is by preference made of wood, and in this case it consists of three
main parts glued together lengthwise, the center part being divided in the middle,
where the iron and the wedge serving to fasten the latter pass through it. The
surface of the middle part serving as bed for the iron may thus be moulded to the
shape required by a rotating cutter before the parts are glued to each other. The
stock may however also be made in one piece out of paper-pulp, or out of saw-dust
with any known cement, by pressing such material into a suitable mould. The
iron may be manufactured by turning the required moulding on a lathe into a ring
of steel, and then cutting this ring into pieces of suitable length. In this manner
curved irons moulded on the back only are produced. When straight irons are
required, they are made by planing the moulding into a straight bar of steel.
Facilities are however afforded for the manufacture of such irons, whether curved
or straight, by stamping them out of comparatively thin plates or strips of steel, by
means of suitable dies and presses or stamping machines. They will then show
corresponding mouldings on both sides.
The said dies may consist of a set of plates or parts, each of which represents one
or more elements of any composite moulding, so that by changing the order of
such parts, different mouldings may be produced.
Rollers profiled to the required moulding would also be serviceable for shaping
the irons, and such rollers may consist of disks, each representing one or more
elements of the moulding, as in the case of the dies.
When the iron is moulded on both sides, the wedge by which the iron is fastened
in the stock has to be moulded correspondingly.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO THE MANUFACTURE OF STAYS AND CORSETS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Charles Nutter at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th October 1880.
FREDERICK CHARLES NUTTER, of New Basinghall Street, in the City of London,
Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO THE MANUFACTURE OF STAYS
AND CORSETS."
This Invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of stays and corsets,
the object of the improvements being to strengthen the "bones" of the same and
to allow of short pieces of whalebone being used, whereby such stays and corsets
may be manufactured more cheaply than hitherto.
"
It is well known that in stays and corsets as hitherto manufactured the "bones"
frequently break at certain points from the constant beuding of the body of the
wearer, and the first part of my Invention consists in constructing and applying to
this part of the bones of a clip or flattened tube of suitable metal so as to strengthen
the bones at that part where they are subject to the greatest strain.
In utilizing short pieces of whalebone for the manufacture of stays and corsets
I take two pieces of bone of such a length that when placed end to end the joint
shall come in the position of the part subject, as hereinbefore described, to the
greatest strain, and I connect these two pieces together without the use of rivets
by means of a clip of suitable metal bent round the two ends of the pieces to be
joined, whereby the two pieces are held firmly together and form the desired length
of bone strengthened at the required part. If desired the two ends may be tapered
and lapped before the clip is applied, and in some cases it may be found desirable
to indent the clips after they are applied to secure a firmer grip.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REEDS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Waugh at the Office of the
A communication from
Commissioners of Patents on the 31st August 1880.
abroad by Edward Dittrich, of St. Petersburgh, in the Empire of Russia.
JOHN WAUGH, of Bradford, in the County of York, Consulting Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN REEDS FOR WEAVING." A communication from abroad by
Edward Dittrich, of St. Petersburgh, in the Empire of Russia.
The object of this Invention is to give to the flattened wires of the steel or iron
forming the reed an elasticity apart from that possessed by the wires.
I accomplish the above object by using an elastic cement in lieu of pitch, or
the elastic cement hitherto used along the top and bottom ribs of the reed.
By this method of constructing the reed the weaver is enabled to repair the reed,
whilst the warp is still in, when deranged by a flying shuttle or other cause.
Further, the weaver can replace one or more of the wires in case of breakage, thus
preventing the necessity of a new reed in such cases.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN SADDLE TREES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Sidney Cooling at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th September 1880.
CHARLES SIDNEY COOLING, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick.
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN SADDLE TREES."
The object of this Invention is to simplify and improve the arrangement of parts
of the suddle-tree, being the frame upon which the saddle proper is constructed;
it is applicable to all outlines or configuration of saddle-trees.
I will describe my Invention thus:-I construct the said saddle-tree somewhat
as hitherto so far as regards the shape or configuration, but for the belly I employ
wood or other non-yielding material, wood by preference, and so arrange the same
as to admit of the skirt of the saddle being brought upon it.
The bellies of saddle-trees hitherto have been constructed of leather in parts,
filled with flock, and finally sewn together, costing considerable in labour and
material.
The advantages derivable from this Invention are as follows:-Simplicity in
construction and application, more economical and durable, and not so liable to
disarrangement.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR SUPPORTING TARPAULINS OR OTHER COVERINGS OF RAILWAY TRUCKS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Oswald Jones at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 19th April 1880.
OSWALD JONES, of Shepherd's Bush, in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR SUPPORTING TARPAULINS OR OTHER COVERINGS OF RAILWAY
TRUCKS,"
My Invention relates to means for supporting tarpaulins or other coverings used
for protecting goods in railway trucks, and consists in a support whereby the sheet
or covering is held up clear of the goods with a downward slope towards either end
of the truck, so that rain shall run off and not lodge on the sheet as now happens.
The support being movable can be kept clear of the loading or unloading of the
truck. The support consists of two arms one at either side of the truck to which
they are pivoted at their lower ends, their upper ends being connected either by a
cross bar carrying a friction roller or rollers to facilitate pulling the tarpaulin over
the truck, or by a bow shaped head instead of a cross bar so as to slope the covering
towards the sides of the truck as well as towards the ends. When not in use the
cross bar or head of the support would lie down close to the end of the truck, and
when raised would stand up at a sufficient height above the truck near the middle
thereof, the support being held in either of these positions by resting against stops
or blocks fixed to the sides of the truck. Provision may be made for enabling the
cross bar or head to rise clear of goods near the ends of the truck by making its
pivots movable, so that the cross bar or head, when in the act of being raised, will
describe an eccentric figure instead of an arc of a circle.
Two of these supports may be used, one towards each end of the truck, but one
will ordinarily be found sufficient.
Instead of the supports being fixed to the sides, they will in some trucks be
attached to the ends so that the cross bar or head will run lengthwise from end to
end, and fall over the sides instead of the ends of the truck when not in use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD AND MEANS EMPLOYED FOR PROPELLING VESSELS, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS DISPENSE WITH THE USE OF THE ORDINARY MARINE ENGINE
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hugh Montgomerie at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th September 1880.
HUGH MONTGOMERIE, of Cleadon, in the County of Durham, Marine Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD AND MEANS EMPLOYED FOR PROPELLING
VESSELS, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS DISPENSE WITH THE USE OF THE ORDINARY
MARINE ENGINE."
My Invention has the advantage of dispensing with the ordinary marine engine
and boiler and may be thus briefly described. Keyed upon the shaft of a screw
propeller, fitted and mounted in the usual manner in the vessel to which my said
Invention is intended to be applied, is a drum actuated by a head of water,
natural or artificial, or both artificial and natural, operating upon the periphery of
the saine.
The said drum is inclosed within a square casing so surrounding it as to form by
the contiguity of parts, say, four separate compartments, to which the said head of
water is conducted by distinct inlet pipes and valves. The admission of the water
to these said chambers is so regulated by suitable cocks and valves fitted to the said
inlet pipes as to cause the water to enter simultaneously two diametrically opposite
compartiments and the water to impinge upon two diametrically opposite quadrants
of the periphery of the said drum, which occasions a revolution of the same and
also of the propeller shaft to which it is keyed. The waste water is conducted
away by suitable outlets after every repetition of the above operation.
The propeller shaft may be made to rotate in a contrary direction by diverting
the water into the other pair of chaubers, which are fitted in a similar manner as
the former pair with inlet and outlet pipes, which direct the water to act upon the
aforesaid drum in a contrary direction and the propeller shaft to revolve the
reverse way; thus the vessel is propelled "ahead" ΟΙ "astern" at the discretion of
the engineer in charge of the apparatus.
The waste waters from the said chambers may be pumped up over and over
again by any ordinary pumping apparatus to supply the waste at the artificial
head, which may also be augmented by any of the known mechanical means.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR TENTERING, DRYING, AND PACKING PILE OR PLUSH FABRICS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Norton and James Henry
Hellawell at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th July
1880.
WALTER NORTON, of Denby Dale, near Huddersfield, in the County of York,
Director of Norton Brothers & Company, Limited, and JAMES HENRY HELLAWELL,
of Nortonthorpe, near Huddersfield aforesaid, Mechanic. 16 IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR TENTERING, DRYING, AND PACKING PILE OR PLUSH FABRICS."
This Invention has more especially for its object to enable pile or plush fabrics to
be packed without in any way injuring or creasing the pile. Hitherto the damage
done to some classes of pile or plush fabrics in packing has proved a serious
drawback; if they were wound on to rollers the pile was flattened and injured,
and if cuttled and laid in baskets or cases in the ordinary manner crease marks
were made which greatly spoiled the appearance of the piece.
According to our Invention, we pack pile or plush fabrics in the form of a scroll
as though they were wound on a roller, but with the successive coils of the scroll at
a short distance apart, and kept from bearing against one another by reason of the
fabric being held distended by its selvages.
To effect this we use two discs which are mounted upon a roller, and which can
be moved towards or away from one another. On the inner face of each disc are
fixed a number of hooks ranged in a scroll form from the centre to the circumference.
The selvages of the fabric are fixed on to the hooks, commencing with those nearest
to the centre of the discs; the fabric thus gets wound up into a spiral scroll;
afterwards the discs are forced apart from one another, and the fabric is thereby
uniformly stretched and held distended, so that the successive coils of the spiral
scroll of fabric shall not press upon one another.
Preferably one disc is fixed to the roller, whilst the other is moveable along it.
To the back of this moveable disc is fixed a bracket; a screw is screwed through
this bracket, and its end caused to bear against the end of the roller; thus, by
turning the screw, the moveable disc can be drawn away from the disc which is
fixed to the roller.
When the apparatus is to be used for drying fabrics, the roller and discs
would be perforated to admit of hot air being forced between the coils of
fabric.
AN IMPROVED BUNG FOR BARRELS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Edward Vaughan at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th February 1880. A com-
munication from abroad by Jean Baptiste Jules Poupart, of Saulces Monclin,
in the Republic of France.
GEORGE EDWARD VAUGHAN, of 67, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent. "AN IMPROVED BUNG FOR BARRELS." A communication from
abroad by Jean Baptiste Jules Poupart, of Saulces Monclin, in the Republic of
France.
This Invention consists in an improved bung specially intended for barrels
containing fermentable liquids, and having for its principal object to permit of
intercepting either completely or partially, as may be desired, the communication
between the contents of the barrel and the outer air.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings represents in elevation one of the forms
of the improved bung.
Figure 2 is a top view of the same.
Figure 3 is a vertical section, and
Figure 4 a bottom view.
In these Figures a is the body of the bung, which may be made of tinned or
enamelled cast iron or other suitable material provided with a screw thread fitting
either directly into the hole of the barrel or into a tapped socket set therein; b is
a cavity formed through the bung for the reception of a spring c working on pivot
i, and provided with a valve d of gutta-percha, caoutchouc, or other appropriate
material secured by a rivet e, and corresponding with the through way f; k is a
hole giving passage to the rod or key, by which the bung is screwed in to the
barrel; l, a regulating screw, by means of which the tension of the spring is
graduated according to the pressure in the barrel, or by which the valve may be
pressed completely down to its seat when hermetical closing is desired.
The form of bung above described is specially adapted to stock casks in cellars
or to stationary barrels, in which it may be desired to complete the fermentation
of ciders, beers, and other liquids hitherto treated in open vessels up to a certain
stage of their manufacture.

page_text: The modification shown in Figures 5, 6, 7, 8, of a more compact form is appli-
cable to moveable casks, into which it is sunk nearly flush with the staves, so as to
avoid injury in rolling. In this modification a top plate m is secured to the body
by a screw n and by the regulating screw acting on the valve spring c; b', b', is
a hole at each side of the head to give escape to the gases and purchase to the 5
claws of a double branch key, by which the bung is screwed into the cask.
l
The form, dimensions, and general details of construction may be varied according
to circumstances.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REGISTERING OR CHECKING THE ISSUE OF TICKETS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Emil Braubach at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 13th November 1880.
EMIL BRAUBACH, of East India Avenue, Leadenhall Street, in the City of
London. IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REGISTERING OR CHECKING THE
ISSUE OF TICKETS."
My Invention relates to apparatus applicable for use in tram cars, omnibuses,
and other public conveyances, and in public buildings for registering or checking
the number of tickets issued.
In carrying out my Invention I employ a barrel mounted upon a spindle which
is adapted to apertures or bearings, in a case in which the barrel is contained. The
barrel is provided with a pin or hook at one end and a clasp at the other end for
the attachment of the ends of two tapes carrying a string of tickets suitably
perforated at their places of severance, and suitably stamped or marked as well as
the tapes, say, for example, with consecutive numbers." The tapes bearing the
tickets, with the one extremity of the former secured, as before inentioned, are
wound upon the barrel, and the outer ends of the tapes are passed around toothed
wheels and fastened to a slitted piece fitted loosely in the interior of the barrel,
the spindle being suitably grooved for the reception of the said piece.
In the top
of the case, which is hinged to the body thereof, is a slot or opening of a length
sufficiently greater than the width of the tickets to admit of their free egress.
In the operation of the apparatus the attendant turns the spindle by the aid of
a button or handle, whereby the tapes are drawn and unwound from the barrel and
wound on to the protruding ends of the slitted piece before referred to.
By this
action the tickets which the tapes carry are one by one brought into contact with a
suitably shaped plate and thereby detached from the tapes and at the same time
discharged through the slot or opening.
The spindle is grooved to receive the springs of the clasp, which prevents it from
being fraudulently withdrawn. When, however, the whole of the tickets are
issued the tape attached to the pin is first severed by means of a knife inserted in
an opening provided for the purpose, the other tape which still remains attached to
the clasp continues to be unwound until the clasp is lifted, leaving the spindle free
to be withdrawn.
It will be obvious that as the tapes are graduated similarly to the tickets, a
check or record is obtained of the nuinber of tickets issued.
A gong may be provided in order to give an audible signal each time that a
ticket is issued.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Humphrys and David Joy
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th December 1880.
JAMES HUMPHRYS, of Barrow-in-Furness, in the County of Lancaster, and
DAVID JOY, of Anerley, in the County of Surrey. "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM
ENGINES."
Our Invention has for its object the satisfactory treatment of the large power
steam engines now so often required for steam ships, and which are becoming more
and more common. It consists principally in arranging the engine so as to be in
all positions perfectly balanced as to weights, thus ensuring the most even working,
and a minimum of wear and tear; also in economizing the space occupied, reducing
the weights of the individual parts, and equalizing and adjusting the admission
and cut off of the steam to the cylinder.
In carrying out our Invention we prefer to use what are called tandem engines
(or those engines with the cylinders behind each other on the same centre) in sets
of three, with their cranks set at angles of 120° or thereabouts, (the three sets of
cylinders thus balancing each other, and the number of cylinders being increased,
the excessive size otherwise required is reduced), and bring the valve chests round
from between towards or to the front of the cylinders, the valve motion also taking
a similar position, and so saving the room usually occupied by the valves and gear
between the cylinders. This permits also of the introduction of an arrangement of
valve gear, which will give absolute equality of admission and cut off and so
also equalize the strain, and we attach the cylinders together by bolts unaffected by
the temperature of the steam, so as to maintain the centres of the cylinders
constant. And for economizing the room on the line of the crank shaft, which has
been gained at the cylinders, we modify the usual arrangement of coupling the
parts of the crank shaft together, and instead of using the ordinary two cheese
heads for each coupling, we form one of the cheese heads or couplings on each of
the cranks, and to this we couple the next following cheese head; all the parts
being interchangeable, thus also allowing the two bearings between each pair of
cranks to be united into one large bearing.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN SCHOOL DESKS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Preston at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 10th February 1880.
WILLIAM PRESTON, of Birstol, in the County of Yerk, Schoolmaster. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SCHOOL DESKS."
This Invention relates to an improved desk, whereby the slates and inkstands are
fixed in and attached to the same in such a manner that there can be neither
breakage of slates, inkwells, or spilling of ink, in whatever position they are placed,
and whether converted into seat, desk, or table.
I construct my desk as follows:-On the writing or top part of the desk I let in
or fix slates and inkstand at the required distances, the slates and inkstands being
preferably on the same level or plane as the desk top or surface; the desk top is
hinged (in suitable standards, carrying seats) in such a manner as to serve either as
a seat back for the desk in front, or a seat back for the same desk, or it may be
either level or inclined for a table or writing desk, it being adjustable by means of
pins and holes in suitable carriers, the pins being so secured that they cannot be
detached by children. My inkstand I construct preferably of a boat like form (so
as not to spill, however placed), with only a small hole in the top for dipping the
pen; it may be constructed of any suitable material, such as metal, glass, earthen-
ware, or china.
A NEW OR IMPROVED APPLIANCE FOR SECURING THE WEIGHT ROPE TO THE WEIGHT LEVER IN LOOMS.
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Houlker at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 25th September 1880.
WILLIAM HOULKER, of Accrington, in the County of Lancaster.
" A NEW OR
IMPROVED APPLIANCE FOR SECURING THE WEIGHT ROPE TO THE WEIGHT LEVER
IN LOOMS.
Instead of tying the weight rope to the weight lever in looms as heretofore,
I apply a metallic link (by preference of wrought or cast iron) to the purpose,
such link being similar to a link of a chain, but suitably curved or bent in the
direction of its length, and by preference provided with serrated projections or
otherwise formed at one end to prevent the rope slipping, as hereinafter described.
In using this link the weight rope is first doubled and passed through the
metallic link sufficiently far to allow the end of the weight lever to be passed
through the loop thus formed upon the rope, so that when the rope is pulled tight
the serrated projections prevent the rope being drawn through again, thus effectually
fastening the rope.
Another mode of using the metallic link is to form the loop, as hereinbefore
described, upon the rope, and then to pass the loose end of the rope first round the
weight lever and then through the loop on the rope.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FORM AND CONSTRUCTION OF TUBES, APPLICABLE TO STEAM BOILERS, REFRIGERATORS, SURFACE CONDENSERS, AND OTHER PURPOSES, AND IN THE TOOLS AND APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR MAKING SUCH TUBES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Scantlebury at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th December 1880.
WILLIAM SCANTLEBURY, of the Town and County of the Town of Nottingham,
Civil and Mechanical Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FORM AND CONSTRUCTION
OF TUBES, APPLICABLE TO STEAM BOILERS, REFRIGERATORS, SURFACE CONDENSERS,
AND OTHER PURPOSES, AND IN THE TOOLS AND APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR MAKING
SUCH TUBES."
This Invention has first for its object the construction of tubes of novel form
and character, suitable for being applied in the construction of tubular steam
boilers, refrigerators, surface condensers, and other like purposes.
One novel form of my improved construction of tubes consists in forming them
with spiral corrugations or hollow threads from end to end, so as to offer greatly
increased heating or cooling surface in a given length over that of an ordinary
plain surface tube. The tube can be formed with one or more spiral corrugations.
The manner in which the spiral corrugations are formed in accordance with my
Invention is as follows:-
For this purpose, an ordinary plain metal tube is mounted upon a mandril formed
with spiral corrugations, into and on to which the plain tube is pressed by rollers
mounted in a screw clamp or holder. The tube and mandril are caused to revolve
together, whilst the rollers and holder travel the length of the mandril and tube,
but do not revolve with it.
By this means tubes are readily corrugated with spiral corrugations suitable for
being applied for the purposes above specified, and such tubes possess great strength
for their relative weight, also affording largely increased heating or cooling surface
for the above named purposes.
Such tubes may also be employed for other useful and ornamental purposes.
Another part of my improvements consists in making conical tubes for steam
boilers of the Lancashire or Cornish type, either with spiral or parallel corrugations.
In carrying out this part of my improvements, a metal plate of suitable shape is
corrugated from the Hat by any well known means; it is then rolled by corrugated
rollers to the circular conical form required, and finished by rivetting or welding, as
is well understood.

page_text: Such conical corrugated tubes will be found to offer greatly increased heating
surface over conical tubes of ordinary form.
Another part of my improvements consists in constructing tubes for heating and
cooling purposes by the combination of spheres and corrugated or plain tubes.
The spheres may also be corrugated if desired.
Tubes of this character are chiefly applicable for vertical tubular boilers made
with tubes and spheres, but may be employed in the construction of locomotive and
other boilers, refrigerators, and condensers.
AN IMPROVED RADIATING DRILLING MACHINE
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Boyd, of the Town and County of Newcastle-
upon-Tyne, Engineer, for an Invention of "AN IMPROVED RADIATING
DRILLING MACHINE.”
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Boyd at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd August 1880.
WILLIAM BOYD, of the Town and County of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Engineer.
"AN IMPROVED RADIATING DRILLING MACHINE."
My Invention relates to an improved form of drilling machine for drilling holes
in cylindrical vessels from the interior, specially adapted, amongst other purposes,
for drilling the holes in the mouths of boiler furnaces and boiler shells.
According to one method of carrying out my Invention, a frame is constructed
in such a manner that, by expanding screws and clamps, it may be made to fit
into the interior of the cylindrical vessel against which it bears at two or more
points.
In this frame is formed a circular groove, bolted to which is the drilling machine
proper, which can be caused to rotate in the groove to any point of a complete
circle. The drill is actuated or driven by a pair of mitre wheels in the usual way,
and has the necessary feed motion.
The driving mitre wheel is carried on the end of a spindle projecting beyond the
drill frame, at the outer end of which are fixed a pair of fast and loose pullies
grooved to receive a rope, which is preferably intended to be used by reason of
the facility with which the direction of the motion can be changed. It is proposed
to lead the driving rope from a line of convenient shafting adjacent to the work to
be operated on, by guiding pullies or blocks attached in any convenient way so as
to obtain the necessary change of direction required, the rope being kept tight by
any of the ordinary methods.
The machine being fixed exactly in the centre of the vessel to be drilled by means
of the expanding screws and clamps, the drill is adjusted to one of the centre marks
and set to work. One hole been drilled, it is rotated in the circular groove to the
next centre mark, and so on till it has drilled the holes all round the circle.

page_text: arranged, constructed, and operating substantially as described and shewn by the
accompanying Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Boyd, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty ninth day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
WILLIAM BOYD. (L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR COUPLING AND UNCOUPLING RAILWAY WAGGONS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Kaye at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 15th October 1880.
CHARLES KAYE, of the Firm of William and Charles Kaye, of Lockwood, near
Huddersfield, in the County of York, Waggon Builders. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR COUPLING AND UNCOUPLING RAILWAY
WAGGONS."
The object of this Invention is to couple and uncouple railway waggons without the
necessity of a man having to go between or underneath the waggon. This I accomplish
by means of apparatus consisting, say, of three prongs or arms, so arranged that the
attendant can seize hold of the links by the aid of the prongs and lift up the links
and place the end one on to the hook of the other waggon. By preference, one of
these arms or prongs may be hinged (same as a pair of tongs) and kept in position
by a spring so as to tighten its hold of the chain. A loose chain is also employed
with a catch or anchor shaped hook at one end, and it is employed by the attendant
for supporting the apparatus when connecting or disconnecting the waggons; the
other end of the chain is attached to a loop through which the rod or lever is
passed, and acts as a fulcrum.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Kirk at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 15th June 1880.
GEORGE KIRK, of Huddersfield, in the County of York, Machine Maker.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
The object of this Invention is to prevent the vibration of the sliding tappits
which are employed in raising and lowering the shuttle boxes, especially in a four
box loom.
At present there is great vibration of these tappits, which is caused by the bell
crank levers not being supported when the tappits on the box chains are moved
from one tappit or link to another, especially when the tappits on the box chains
are of the same height. My Invention is intended to prevent the vibration of the
sliding tappits, which I accomplish by supporting the bell crank levers whilst tho
chain is moving from link to link. I employ a sliding bar operated by a cam on
the star or pegging wheel, which is so set and regulated as to push the sliding bar
underneath steps formed in the end of the bell crank levers, which holds them up
until the cam has moved out of the way, when a spiral or other spring withdraws
the sliding bar from under the steps in the bell crank levers. At the end of the
sliding bar are loose catches, which, when the bell crank levers are lifted, the catches,
which are held by spiral or other springs, can be pushed out of the way on the
rising of the bell crank levers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN in the County of Lancaster, Washing Machine Makers. MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING SAND MOULDS FOR METAL CASTINGS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Leach Wilson and John
Clegg at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th November
1880.
HENRY LEACH WILSON, and JOHN CLEGG, of Atlas Works, Clayton le Moors,
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
in the County of Lancaster, Washing Machine Makers.
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING SAND MOULDS FOR METAL CASTINGS."
Our Invention relates to improvements in and simplification of Aiken and
Drummonds Patent machinery or apparatus for making sand moulds for metal
castings, No. 1440, A.D. 1878, and 4321, A.D. 1878.
In our apparatus we entirely dispense with the hopper and its connections, and
by so doing avoid the necessity of passing the sand through a sieve or riddle, which
entails extra labour and loss of time without any better results.
Instead of having only one plate or pattern in use at once we construct our
machine with two stands for the moulding boxes, and having a plate or pattern
on each side the machine; we are thus enabled to do double the amount of work
and also avoid the changing of plates (the bottom boxes being worked on one side
the machine and the top boxes on the other side). In our machine the first motion
shaft is placed in the centre and near the base. Parallel with this and at a suitable
listance on each side are two other shafts connected by toothed wheels, grooved
friction pullies, or other suitable means. Perpendicular to and immediately over
the second motion shaft is a third shaft working in eccentric bearings and carrying
a grooved pulley and the necessary cams and eccentrics for actuating the pistons or
plungers to which are connected the necessary plates and patterns.
Attached to this eccentric shaft is a small clutch box in connection with the
aforesaid grooved pulley, cams, and eccentrics. Immediately this clutch box is
thrown out of gear the grooved pulley drops into gear with a similar but sinaller
pulley on the second motion shaft and performs the necessary revolution, when it
comes again in contact with the clutch, and is thus thrown out of gear.
This arrangement dispenses with the friction pulleys and hand lever (for
connecting same) outside the machine, which are always liable to get clogged with
sand; the whole of the working parts in our machine being enclosed and free
from contact with sand.
FILTERS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Richard Mallet at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th July 1880.
FREDERICK RICHARD MALLET, of Calcutta, British India, temporarily residing
IN
"IMPROVEMENTS
PAPER
at Clapham Road, in the County of Surrey.
FILTERS."
My Invention relates to paper filters for use in chemical or physical laboratories.
The filter at present in use consists of a piece of highly porous paper, more
usually circular, and folded diametrically into a semicircle, which by a second fold
is reduced to a quadrant. The quadrant on being opened out forms a hollow cone,
having three thicknesses of paper at one side and one thickness at the other, and
with a solid angle at the apex of 60 degrees; this form of filter, or a more primitive
one consisting of a square sheet of paper similarly folded, has been long in use.
Now my Invention consists in the manufacture of filters in one conical piece.
this I propose to do by the introduction of hollow cones, permeable by water into
the pulp vat, and the application of suction, by which the sufficiency of pulp is
made to adhere to the cones, and sufficiently freed from water to allow of the cones
being withdrawn from the pulp vat.
The improved filters possess the following advantages over the filters at present
in use.
(1.) In ordinary filters a certain proportion of the precipitate very frequently
lodges between the folds on the side where the filter is treble. It is therefore protected
from the direct action, of the jet of wash water, and liable in consequence to
imperfect washing. This involves either error in the analysis or loss of time in
further washing after the main mass of the precipitate is free from extraneous matter..
Such further washing itself leading to error in the case of précipitates not wholly
insoluble.
The above defect would be wholly absent from the conical filters, from the fact
of there being no folds for the precipitate to lodge in.
(2.) Greater rapidity of filtering, the filter being of one thickness of paper
throughout, instead of three at one side and one at the other.
(3.) The amount of paper being exactly one half that in an ordinary filter of
similar capacity and thickness, the weight of the filter ash would be reduced to one

page_text: half also, and the average error between the weight of individual filter ashes and
the mean weight of such ashes reduced in about an equal ratio.
(4). The saving of a small amount of time and trouble where large numbers are
used, in the avoidance of the necessity of folding the filters and opening them out.
The quantity of paper in the conical filters, being only half that in ordinary
ones, they can be produced at a price not higher than that of the latter.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FOOT WARMERS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Marie Dassy at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st May 1880.
Jean Marie DassY, of 33, Rue des Ecoles, Paris, in the Republic of France.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FOOT WARMERS."
This Invention consists of a covering for the feet in the form of a calotte or cap
for the front of the feet with a sole piece. The whole is knitted, preferably with
fine wool.
Periodically an exotic vegetable product, which is very healthy and has an
agreeable smell, viz., red African pepper, reduced to powder, with the leaves of
Ecalyptus is placed inside the calotte and on the sole piece.
Even without this vegetable product the covering would produce and maintain
a mild heat, and the employment of the vegetable product is only really necessary
when there is a northerly wind, or when the covering is changed for cleanliness.
When the covering is worn the feet should be covered with cotton or worsted,
but not woollen stockings or socks.
The employment of this covering will always prevent the feet getting_cold and
the numerous serious consequences resulting therefrom.
The calotte may be varied in form, and the stitch and the material employed may
be varied according to circumstances.