A Machine for Treating Hanks of Yarn for Mercerising, Dressing, Mordanting, Washing, Dyeing, and other purposes..
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 7th July, 1899-Accepted, 30th June, 1900
.
A Machine for Treating Hanks of Yarn for Mercerising, Dressing,
Mordanting, Washing, Dyeing, and other purposes..
I, BERNHARD COHNEN, of Grevenbroich (Rhineland), Germany, Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained, in and by the
following statement:-
This invention relates to machines for mercerising, dressing, mordanting,
washing, dyeing, and, in general, impregnating yarns, and it has more specially
for its object, improvements in the arrangement and the construction of certain
parts of these machines, as will be hereafter pointed out in this description
and specified in the claims.
'
The annexed drawings show, in diagram, in Figs. 1, 2 and 3 three different
arrangements of the central shaft a, the roller or cylinder b, and the roller or
cylinder c, set in operation by the roller b.
In my new arrangement illustrated by Fig. 1 a, b, and c are in line whilst in
the old arrangements, illustrated by Figs. 2 and 3 it will be seen that a, b, and c
are not in line.
Fig. 4 is a sketch drawn with the view of illustrating the connection between
the central shaft a, and the cylinders or rollers b², b,, as well as the method
of constructing the driving gear of the former. For the sake of showing the
parts clearly this view is not drawn so as to correspond with Fig. 6.
Fig. 5 is a diagram showing the old arrangement.
Fig. 6 is a diagrammatic view showing the arrangement of the cylinders.
The machines for mercerising etc., which have been hitherto used possess many
disadvantages, the greatest of which is the fact that, in consequence of the
rollers or cylinders being placed on the periphery of the big discs or revolving
frames the hanks cannot dip sufficiently in the caustic bath, etc. This arrangement
is diagrammatically represented in Fig. 5 of the annexed drawings. As seen in
this illustration the rollers or cylinders can dip only very slightly into the tub
(for mercerising, dressing, mordanting, etc.) and when these rollers or cylinders
are made small in diameter it is impossible to obtain an adequate impregnation.
For example, by using cylinders of 200 m/m diameter, and axles of 60 m/m,
the banks will not be able to dip, in the most favourable case, deeper than
200-60 140 in.m, consequently of 70 m/m, and that only on a very short length,
since the hanks are drawn at once from the liquid in consequence of their circular
arrangement.
=
This depth may be sufficient for dressing, but it is not so for mercerising,
washing, mordanting, etc.
This great disadvantage is done away with by arranging the axes of the central
shaft, of the motor roller or cylinder and of the roller or cylinder set in action
by the latter in the same line, or almost in the same line as is shown at Fig. 1
of the annexed drawing. In this way the hanks can be arranged so as to be
almost perpendicular when traversing the liquid. This gives an advantage of
the very greatest importance. A second advantage, of no less importance, of

page_text: the new arrangement consists in the fact that the hanks can be dipped in the
liquid for almost of their lengilis, which permits of a much better effect being
obtained than that realised by the arrangement Fig. 5 in which only 1/10 of
the length of the hanks comes in contact with the liquid..
In the arrangenient represented in Fig. 6, six pairs of rollers or cylinders are
employed. At the position 6, of the cylinders the hanks are taken off and
replaced. At the positions 2, 3, and, the banks pass through the liquid.
At the positions 6, 4, the superfluous liquid pressed out of the banks and at
the positions b, and b, c, the hanks are washed, loosened, etc., in the ordinary
manner.
During these combined operations the machine stops with the exception of the
rollers or cylinders which turn round their own axes in order to perform the
different operations (the cylinders b, c are however held stationary). After
each combined operation, as above, is finished, the machine moves one sixth of
a turn; or one fourth of a turn, when the machine has only four pairs of
cylinders.
In this way, the cylinders b, c, will advance to the place of the cylinders 6ª, cª³,
the cylinders 63, 2 to the place of the cylinders b³, and so on, the work going
on continuously.
An important point is to be found in the gearing of the different rollers or
cylinders. In the old machines, these latter had to revolve at a comparatively
high speed, in consequence of the small amount of contact, in length, of the hauks
with the liquid. This movement, at high speed, of the lianks would constitute
an inconvenience in the improved machine, in which the hanks, ou account of
their large contact, in length, are subjected to a powerful tension. This incon-
venience requires therefore to be done away with, especially as, at certain points
of the machine, a rapid movement of the rollers or cylinders is absolutely useless:
The different pairs of cylinders must work in about the following manner:- -When
the cylinders, are at rest the cylinders, and turn slowly, the
cylinders 6, turn a little quicker in order to remove the superfluous liquid
from the hanks, whilst the cylinders 65, 5, 66, e, again turn slowly in order to
allow the hanks to be thoroughly washed
'
These different degrees of speed are obtained in the following manner: —
To the ends of the axles of the cylinders - chain-wheels are keyed, the
number of which corresponds to the number of different speeds it is desired' to
obtain. Suppose two different speeds are desired; in this case the axles of the
cylinders have each two chain wheels 1, 2, (Fig. 4). An endless chain g
which is driven by a chain wheel (see dotted lines) on a shaft, carried by
the machine and driven by means of any well known and suitable mechanism,
drives the chain wheels 2 of the cylinders 62, and and also a chain wheel g
on a second shaft carried by the machine. On this second shaft is a large
chain wheel which drives, by means of an endless chain h, the large chain
wheel on a third shaft carried by the machine. On this third shaft is a
small chain wheel which drives, by means of the endless chain gº, the chain
wheel on a fourth shaft carried by the machine. The chain is arranged
to bear against and drive the wheels 2 of the cylinders 62 and the chain go
to bear against and drive the wheels 2 of the cylinders 5, 6, whilst the chain h
bears against and drives the wheel 1 of the cylinder . The chain g is caused to
travel at a slow speed, and, owing to the arrangement of the gear, it follows, as
a consequence, that the cylinders,,, and also the cylinders 65, 6, 5, 60,
will revolve slowly whilst the cylinders 6, will revolve more quickly.
When washing and impregnating hunks, however, the cylinders 6ª, ³, and 63, 3,
are arranged to revolve rapidly, as well as the cylinders,, whilst the
cylinders are arranged to revolve slowly or to remain stationary.
Of course it will be readily understood that by altering the driving chain gear
the speeds of the various cylinders can be varied as desired.
When the machine moves round again the wheel of the cylinder which has

page_text: up till now remained stationary, will be brought to gear with the chain g and
revolve; the cylinder 62 will come into the place of 63, and revolve as before; 6³ will
come into the place of 64 and gear with the chain h which has a great speed;
will pass out of gear with the chain h and come into gear with the chain g";
which is now at the place of 66 will remain in gear with the chain ; whilst
6 now at the place of 6 will move out of gear with chain and stop.
In this manner any change desired can be obtained in the speed which is not
the case with the machines hitherto known which revolve continually in the.
same manner and produce, in consequence, only one single operation.
The improved machine, on the contrary, rotates intermittently and produces (a)
the impregnation, (b) the rinsing, (c) the washing, etc.
When the machine is
stopped periodically the cylinders with the hanks thereon alone revolve with the
exception of the rollers be.
The cylinders
are mounted upon revoluble crank each carrying a
stretching arm f, the free end of which is provided with a suitable roller f,
guided in a curved guideway 1 (Fig. 6) whereby the hanks on the cylinders are
stretched during the revolution of the machine except in the position b¹, e¹, where
the hanks are interchanged.
The machine can be revolved intermittently by means of any suitable and well
known gear such as is commonly used for giving intermittent motion to
machinery.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I consider novel and desire to claim is:-
1. A machine for mercerising, dressing, mordanting, washing. dyeing, and,
generally, for impregnating yarns, characterized by this, that the cylinders which
receive the banks and pass them periodically through the liquid, are arranged
radially round the central shaft of the machine in such manner that when the
hanks pass through the liquid the axes of the central shaft the driving cylinder,
and the cylinder driven by the latter, are all in the same plane or approximately
the same plane for the purpose of giving the hanks a long and, thorough impreg-
nation, substantially as described.
2. In the macliine such as claimed in Claim 1 an arrangement in which the
inner cylinders are the motor or driving cylinders and are driven by means of
endless chains, and chain wheels (or equivalent mechanism), at a speed which
is more or less great according to the operation to be effected by the respective
cylinders (impregnation, rinsing, washing, etc., etc), substantially as hereinbefore
described and represented on the drawings annexed.
Dated this oth
H. D. FITZPATRICK.
100, Wellington Street, Glasgow, Agent
H. D. FITZPATRICK,
100, Wellington Street, Glasgow, Agent