POYSER, WHICH TO ANY COACH, CHARIOT, OR CHAISEEE, THENORANCE OF THE DRIVER, OR VERULY HORSES
Year: 1722

page_text: come, greeting.
WHEREAS our trusty and welbeloved RICHARD DUNNING, of Samford Court-
ney, in the county of Devon, Gentleman, hath, by his petition, humbly repre-
sented unto vs that he hath, by much labour, time, and expence, invented and
brought to perfeccon "A NEW MACHINE, CALLED A POYSER, WHICH BEING FIXED TO
ANY COACH, CHARIOT, OR CHAISE, WILL NOT ONLY PREVENT THEIR BEING OVERTURNED
WHEN MOST IN DANGER, EITHER BY THE BADNESS AND VEEVENESS OF THE ROAD, THE
IGNORANCE OF THE DRIVER, OR VERULY HORSES, BUT ALSO WHEN ANY WHEEL SHOULD
HAPPEN TO BREAK OR SLIPP OF THE AXLE TREE OF ANY COACH, CHARIOT, OR CHAISE
(HAVING OFTEN EXPERIENCED THE SAID MACHINE CALLED A POYSER), IT WILL BE
IN A GREAT MEASURE A MEANES OF PREVENTING THE WHEELS BREAKING; THAT THE
NEW-INVENTED MACHINE, CALLED A▲ POYSER, WOULD NOT BE ABOVE TWENTY POUND
WEIGHT FOR THE LARGEST COACH, AND ABOUT TWELVE POUND WEIGHT FOR A LIGHT
CHARRIOT OR CHAISE, AND AFTER THE FIRST FIXING OF MIGHT BE SHIFTED FROM ONE
COACH TO ANOTHER IN THREE MINUTES TIME, AND IS RATHER AN ORNAMENT THAN A
DISFIGURE TO ANY COACH, CHARIOT, OR CHAISE ON WHICH IT IS FIXED; IT ALSO SAVES
THE TROUBLE OF DRAGGING THE WHEELS DOWN STEEP HILLS (AS COACHES, &C.
GENERALL DO), AND IS A MEANS OF A COACH, &C. GOING MORE MILES IN A DAY THAN
THEY HOW DO WITHOUT IT. IT WOULD BE EQUALLY SERVICEABLE TO WAGGONS, WAINS,
CARES, AND MOST OTHER WHEELE CARRIAGES. IT IS HUMBLY PRESUMED THAT THIS
NEW-INVENTED MACHINE, CALLED & POYSER, WOULD BE OF GREAT VSE TO VS AND THE
PUBLICK (AS OFTEN AS OCCASION REQUIRED) IN SENDING AND CONVEYING CANNON AND

page_text: WARRLIKE STORES CROSS THE COUNTRY THROUGH BAD ROAD WITH MORE EXPEDITION
AND SAFETY; AND LIKEWISE TO THE NOBILITY, GENTRY, AND OTHERS, WHO CHUSE TO
HUNT IN CHARIOTE OR CHAISES, WHICH THEY MIGHT DO IN VERY VEEVEN GROUND
WITHOUT THE LEAST DANGER." And having humbly prayed vs to grant him, his
executors, administrators, and assignes, our royal Letters Patente for the sole
right of making and vending of his new-invented machine called a poyser, and
such like machines, for the terme of fourteen years, pursuant to the statute in
such case made and proved, wee, being willing to give encouragement to all
art and inventions which may be for the publick vse and benefitt, are
gratiously pleased to condescend to his request.
KNOW YEE THEREFORE, that wee, of our especial grace, certain know-
ledge, and meer močon, have given and granted, and by these presente, for
vs, our heirs and successors, do give and grant, vnto the said Richard Dunning,
his executors, administrators, and assignes, especial lycence, full power, sole
priviledge and authority, that he, the said Richard Dunning, his executors,
administrators, and assignes, and every of them, by himself or themselves, or
by his or their deputy and deputies, servants or agente, or such others as he,
the said Richard Dunning, his executors, administrators, or assigns, shall
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time, during the term
herein expressed, shall and lawfully may make, vse, exercise, and vend his
said new Invenčon of a machine called a poyser, to be fixed to any coach,
chariot, or chaise, for preventing their overturning, &c., as above described,
within that part of our kingdome of Great Britain called England, our
dominion of Wales, and town of Berwick-vpon-Tweed, in such manner as to
him, the said Richard Dunning, his executors, administrators, and assigns,
or any of them, shall in their discretions seem meet; and that he, the said
Richard Dunning, his executors, administrators, and assignes, shall and lawfully
may have and enjoy the whole profit, benefit, comodity, and advantage from
time to time coming, growing, accrewing, and ariseing by reason of the said
Invention, for and during the term of years herein menconed, to have, hold,
exercise, and enioy the said lycence, powers, priviledges, and advantages
herein-before granted, or menconed to be granted, vnto the said Richard
Dunning, his executors, administrators, and assignes, for and during and vnto
the full end term of fourteen years from the date of these present next
and imediately ensuig, and fully to be compleat and ended, according to the
statute in such case made and provided. And to the end that the said
Richard Dunning, his executors, administrators, and assignes, and every of
them, may have and enjoy the full benefit and the sole vse and exercise of the
said Invention, according to our gratious intenčon herein-before declared, wee

page_text: do by these presente, for vs, our heires and successors, require and strictly
command all and every person and persons, bodies politick and corporate, and
all other our subiecte whatsoever, of what estate,<quality, or degree, name or
condičon soever they be, within that said part of our kingdome of Great
Britain called England, our dominion of Wales, and town of Berwick-vpon-
Tweed aforesaid, that neither they or any of them, at any time during the
continuance of the said term of fourteen yeares hereby granted, either directly
or indirectly, do make, vse, or put in practice the said Invention, or any part
of the same, so attained vnto by the said Richard Dunning as aforesaid, nor in
anywise counterfeit, imitate, or resemble the same, nor shall make, or cause
to be made, any addition thereunto or substraction from the same, whereby to
pretend himself or themselves the inventor or inventors, devisor or devisors,
thereof, without the lycence, consent, or agreement of the said Richard
Dunning, his executors, administrators, or assignes, in writing vnder his or
their hand and seals first had and obtained in that behalf, vpon such pains
and penalties as can or may be iustly inflicted on such offenders for their
contempt of this our royall command, and further to be answerable to the said
Richard Dunning, his executors, administrators, and assignes, according to
law, for his and their damages thereby occasioned. And moreover, wee do by
presents, for vs, our heires and successors, will and command all and singular
the justices of the peace, mayors, sheriffs, bayliffs, constables, headboroughs,
and all other officers and ministers whatsoever of vs, our heires and successors,
for the time being, that that they or any of them do not, nor shall at any time
hereafter during the said term hereby granted, in anywise molest, trouble, or
binder the said Richard Dunning, his executors, administrators, or assignes,
or any of them, or his or their deputies, servante, or agente, in or about the
due and lawfull vse or exercise of the aforesaid Invention, or anything relating
thereto. Provided always, and these our Letters Patente are and shall be
vpon this condicon, that if at any time during the said term hereby granted
it shall be made appear to vs, our heires or successors, or any six or more of
our or their Privy Council, that this our grant is contrary to law, or preiudiciall
or inconvenient to our subiecte in generall, or that the said Invention is not a
new invention as to the publick vse and exercise thereof in that said part of our
kingdome of Great Britain called England, our dominion of Wales, or town of
Berwick-vpon-Tweed, or not invented and found out by the said Richard
Dunning as aforesaid, then, vpon signification or declaration thereof, to be
made by vs, our heires or successors, vnder our or their signet or privy seal, or
by the lords and others of our their Privy Council, or any six or more of them,
vnder their hand, these our Letters Patente-shall forthwith cease, determine,

page_text: and be vtterly void to all intente and purposes, anything herein-before con-
tained to the contrary in any wise notwithstanding. Provided also, that these
our Letters Patente, or anything herein contained, shall not extend, or be
construed to extend, to give priviledge vnto the said Richard Dunning, his
executors, administrators, and assigns, or any of them, to vse or imitate any
invention or work whatsoever which hath heretofore been found out or
invented by any other of our subiecte whatsoever, and publickly vsed or exer-
cised in that said part of our kingdom of Great Britain called England, onr
dominion of Wales, or town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, vnto whom like Letters
Patents or priviledges have been already granted for the sole vse, exercise, and
benefit thereof, it being our will and pleasure that the said Richard Dunning,
his executors, administrators, and assignes, and all and every other person and
persons to whom like Letters Patente or priviledges have been already granted
as aforesaid, shall distinctly vse and practico their severall inventions by them
invented and found out, according to the true intent and meaning of the same
respective Letters Patents and of these presents. Provided likewise, never-
theless, and these our Letters Patente are vpon this express condičon, that if
the said Richard Dunning, his executors or administrators, or any person or
persons which shall or may at any time or times hereafter, during the continu-
ance of this grant, have or claim any right, title, or interest, in law or equity,
of, in, or to the power, priviledge, and authority to the sole vse and benefit of
the said Invention hereby granted, shall make any transferr or assignment, or
any pretended transferr or assignment, of the said liberty and priviledge,
or any share or shares of the benefit or profit thereof, or shall declare any
trust thereof to or for any number of persons exceeding the number of five, or
shall open, or cause to be opened, any book or books for publick subscriptions,
to be made by any number of persons exceeding the number of five, in order
to the raising any sume or sumes of money vnder pretence of carrying on the
said liberty or priviledge hereby granted, or shall, by him or themselves, or his
or their agent or servante, receive any sume or sumes of money whatsoever
of any number of persons exceeding in the whole the number of five, for such
or the like intent or purposes, or shall presume to act as a corporate body, or
shall divide the benefit of these our Letters Patente, or the liberty and
priviledges hereby by vs granted, into any number of shares exceeding tho
number of five, or shall committ or do, or presume to he committed or done,
any act, matter, or thing whatsoever during such time as such person shall
have any right or title, either in law or equity, in or to the said pmisses, which
will be contrary to the true intent and meaning of a certain Act of Parliament
made in the sixth year of our reign, intituled an Act for the better securing

page_text: certain powers and priviledges intended to be granted by His Maiestie by two
charters for assurance of ships. and merchandizes at sea, and for lending
money vpon bottomry, and for restraining severall extravant and vnwarranta-
ble practices therein menconed), if these our Letters Patente had not been
granted, or in case the said power, priviledge, or authority shall at any time
hereafter become vested or in trust for more than the number of five persons,
or their representatives, at any one time (reckoning executors or administrators
as and for the single person whom they represent as to such interest as they
are or shall be intituled to in right of such testator or intestate), that then and
in any of the said cases, these our Letters Patente, and all liberties, priviledges,
and advantages whatsoever hereby granted, shall vtterly cease, determine, and
become void, any thing herein-before contained to the contrary thereof in any-
wise notwithstanding. And lastly, wee do by these presente, for vs, our
heires and successors, grant vnto the said Richard Dunning, his executors,
administrators, and assignes, that these our Letters Patente, or the inrollment
or exemplificacon thereof, shall be in and by all things good, firm, valid,
sufficient, and effectuall in the law, according to the true intent and meaning
thereof, and shall be taken, construed, and adiudged in the most favourable
and beneficiall sense for the best advantage of the said Richard Dunning, his
executors, administrators, and assignes, as well in all our courts of record as else-
where, and by all and singular the officers and ministers whatsoever of vs, our
heires and successors, in that part of our said kingdom of Great Britain called
England, our dominion of Wales, and town of Berwick-vpon-Tweed, and
amongst all and every the subiect of vs, our heires and successors whatsoever,
notwithstanding the not full and certain describing the nature or quality of the
said Invention, or of the materials thereto conducing and belonging.
In witness, &c. Witness our selfe, at Westminster, the Twenty-third