IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES AND FIRE-PLACES, AND IN THE ARRANGEMENT OF FLUES CONNECTED THERE- WITH."
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Taylor, of Roupell Park, Streatham Hill, in
the County of Surrey, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES
AND FIRE-PLACES, AND IN THE ARRANGEMENT OF FLUES CONNECTED THERE-
WITH."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Taylor at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th July 1859.
I, JOHN TAYLOR, of Roupell Park, Streatham Hill, in the County of
Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN STOVES AND FIRE-PLACES, AND IN THE ARRANGEMENT OF FLUES CONNECTED
THEREWITH," to be as follows: _
This Invention has for its object "improvements in stoves and fire-places,
and in the arrangement of flues connected therewith. For these purposes I
combine with stoves and fire-places constructed in a manner similar to what is
described in the Specification of my Patent, dated the 3rd day of May 1858,
No. 985, air passages or flues through which air is caused to pass; the air,
in passing through these air passages or flues, becomes warmed, and in this
state is allowed to escape into the room.
The following is the arrangement which I adopt:-The fire is placed-in an
open grate, and over the fire there is a register door; if this be left open, the

page_text: smoke and products of combustion pass direct into the chimney, but if it be
closed they are prevented from taking this course, and are compelled to pass
by an opening in the back of the stove or fire-place down behind the back
into a heated chamber or space contiguous to the fire-grate, and divided
therefrom by bars or perforated partitions forming part of the fire-grate; and
in this chamber the smoke is entirely or in great part consumed. From the
heated chamber the products of combustion pass into two vertical flues, one
on each side, and which are led into the chimney just above the stove or fire-
place. Between these vertical flues and the fire-grate are other flues or
passages, which are thus heated on one side by the heated air and products of
combustion passing in the smoke flues, and on the other side by the fire in
the grate. Into these flues air is admitted (where it is possible to do so) from
the exterior of the house, or other suitable source of supply, and the air, by
passing through these flues, becomes warmed; it escapes by holes pierced in
the front of the flues into spaces behind ornamental china, earthenware, or
glass slabs, which are employed to fill up the spaces around the stove or fire-
place, and between it and the sides and top of the recess into which it is fitted;
these ornamental slabs are perforated, and by these perforations the air
escapes into the room. In some cases the direction of the current in the
smoke flues is reversed by causing the smoke and products of combustion first
to pass by the two side flues to the heated chamber under the fire-bars, and
then to escape up behind the back of the stove or fire-place into the chimney.
I would remark, that stoves or fire-places combined according to other
systems with air flues for the purpose of supplying warmed air to rooms, may
advantageously be set, as above described, with ornamental slabs, having per-
forations formed in them through which the air when warmed is admitted to
the room.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed.
by the said John Taylor in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 13th
January 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
TAYLOR, of Roupell Park, Streatham Hill, in the County of Surrey, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-third year of

page_text: Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said John Taylor, Her special licence that I, the said John Taylor,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said John
Taylor, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
STOVES AND FIRE-PLACES, AND IN THE ARRANGEMENT OF FLUES CONNECTED
THEREWITH," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said John
Taylor, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Taylor, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object improvements in stoves and fire-places, and
in the arrangement of flues connected therewith. For these purposes I
combine with stoves and fire-places constructed in a manner similar to what is
described in the Specification of my Patent dated the 3rd day of May, 1858,
No. 985, air passages or flues, through which air is caused to pass; the air in
passing through these air passages or flues becomes warmed, and in this state
is allowed to escape into the room.
The following is the arrangement which I adopt:-The fire is placed in an
open grate, and over the fire there is a register door. If this be left open,
the smoke and products of combustion pass direct into the chimney; but if it
be closed, they are prevented from taking this course, and are compelled to
pass by an opening in the back of the stove or fire-place down behind the
back, into a heated chamber or space contiguous to the fire grate and divided
therefrom by bars or perforated partitions forming part of the fire grate; and
in this chamber the smoke is entirely or in great part consumed from the
heated chamber. The products of combustion pass into two vertical flues,
one on each side, and which are led into the chimney just above the stove or
fire-place. Between these vertical flues and the fire grate are other flues or
passages, which are thus heated on one side by the heated air and products

page_text: of combustion passing in the smoke flues, and on the other side by the fire in
the grate. Into these flues air is admitted (where it is possible to do so) from
the exterior of the house or other suitable source of supply, and the air by
passing through these flues becomes warmed. It escapes by holes pierced in
the front of the flues into spaces behind ornamental china, carthenware, or
glass slabs, which are employed to fill up the spaces around the stove or fire-
place and between it and the sides and top of the recess into which it is fitted;
these ornamental slabs are perforated, and by these perforations the air
escapes into the room. In some cases, the direction of the current in the
smoke flues is reversed by causing the smoke and products of combustion first
to pass by the two side flues to the heated chamber under the fire bars, and
then to escape up behind the back of the stove or fire place into the chimney.
I would remark that stoves or fire-places combined, according to other
tems, with air flues for the purpose of supplying warmed air to rooms may
advantageously be set as above described with ornamental slabs having per-
forations formed in them, through which the air when warmed is admitted to
the room.
And in order that my said Invention may be most fully understood and
readily carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the Drawings hereunto
annexed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
a, a, is
Figure 1 is a front view of a fire-place and flues constructed and arranged
according to my Invention. Figure 2 is a vertical section; Figure 3, a
transverse section; and Figure 4 is a horizontal section of the same.
the bed plate of the stove or fire-place. A plan of a similar bed plate belonging
to a stove herein-after described is shown separately at Figure 5; a longi-
tudinal section of the same is shown at Figure 6, and a transverse section at
Figure 7. The bed plate a is maintained at a short distance above the hearth
by suitable supports formed on it. 6 are the fire bars which fit into this bed
plate; a section, on an enlarged scale, of the fire bars I employ is shown at
Figure 8. c is a back, which is built up on the bed plate a and around it,
and a hoop of T iron d, forming part of the front of the grate there is built
in the form of an arch the perforated fire lumps e, e, e, e¹, which are shown
separately at Figures 9. The crown of this arch is formed of a cast-iron
frame f; this frame has a passage up through it from top to bottom, which
however is capable of being closed by the two register doors f, f. The back
and sides of the frame fare continued downwards behind the back c, so as to
enclose a flue, passing from the top of the back c to the
space
beneath the

page_text: bed plate. 9, 9, are two flues, formed in setting the fire lumps e, c, e', e' ;
these lumps at their further ends are made good up to the back of the
chimney opening, as is shown, and at the front brickwork is built in between
them and the sides of the chimney opening. These flues g, g, enter the
chimney h by openings g', g', over the register doors f', f. The openings g¹ aro
formed in plates, which are part of the frame f, and when the register doors f¹,ƒ³,
are thrown back so as to open the passage through the flame from top to bottom
they close the side openings 91, 9'. At the lower part of the chimney opening,
a chamber is formed, into which a metal frame i, attached to or forming
part of the bed plate, is fitted. This chamber is divided into two parts
by a partition into which a valve is fitted; this valve turns on centres, and
can be opened by an arm on the axis j, which may be turned by means of a
key or button in front; the valve, when allowed to do so, closes by its own
weight. The lower part of the chamber is put in communication with the
outer air in any convenient manner, and when the valve is open, the air passes
to the upper part of the chamber, and thence by openings in the frame i to
the space k behind, and around the flue f. Into the space the passages
through the fire lumps e, e, and e', e', open, and air passes through theso
lumps to the front spaces 7, 1, which are enclosed in front by ornamental china,
earthenware, or glass slabs; these slabs I prefer to form in sections, as is shown
at Figure 10, so that the sections may by fitting together form slab with
suitable perforations to allow of the heated air escaping into the room or place
to be warmed. The manner in which these tiles are set around the stove is
more fully shown in other Figures herein-after described. When the register
doors f, f, are turned up to close the openings h', the stove works in the
usual manner, the smoke and products of combustion passing directly up the
chimney, but when these doors are in the position shown at Figure 2, the
smoke and products of combustion are compelled to pass down the flue f
bebind the back, then under the bed plate, and through and between the fire-
bars, the bars being curved downwards below the level of the bed plate as is
shown; thus the smoke becomes consumed, the products of combustion then pass
along under the bed plate to the side flues g, g, and thence into the chimney. In
this and the other arrangements, herein described, a portion of the draft from
the lower part of the fire passes directly downwards through the fire-bars.
The fire-lumps e. e, and el, e', being between the fire itself and the flues g, g*,
become heated, and the air passing through them into the room is warmed.
It will be seen that the lumps e, e, and e, e, have openings formed in them
which allow the air to pass from one to the other.
Figure 11 is a front view; Figure 12, a vertical section; Figure 13, a

page_text: flue
horizontal section, and Figure 14, a transverse section of an arrangement
differing somewhat its details from that already described; the descending
behind the back c is no longer employed, and the space behind the back
is entirely closed in, and cut off from tho smoke flues as is shown; air is,
however, admitted to this space by a valve ¹ as before, and this air is able to
escape into the room through the passages in the lumps e, e, e¹, e¹, and through
The
the perforated china, earthenware, or glass slabs in a similar manner.
form of the register frame f is altered as the Drawing shows, so as to bring
the register door f higher up, and above the opening into the side flue g*;
which is converted into a descending flue, and conducts the smoke and
products of combustion to and through the fire-grate as before. The form of
the side flue g is slightly altered at its upper end, so as to bring its mouth over
the register door; a portion of the register frame is built into the mouth of
this flue, and by turning the register door f up, the flue 9 can be closed;'m is
a piece of brickwork or a fire-clay lump assisting to support the register
frame f, and also serving to separate the flue 9 from the upper part of the
fire-place.
Figure 15 is a front view; Figure 16, a vertical section; Figure 17, a
horizontal section, and Figure 18, a transverse section of another arrangement
for carrying my Invention into effect. In this arrangement the back c is
carried up as high as the register frame f, which is placed above the mouths
of both the flues g and g*, which both act as descending flues, and the smoke
and products of combustion passing through the fire-bars as before, the draft
then passes up behind the back c into the chimney over the register; the
register door f' can, however, be turned up to close the mouth of this upward
flue, as in the other arrangements. The space behind the back c is divided
into two parts by the smoke flue, but in other respects the air passes to the
fire-lumps e, e, e', e', as before; no apparatus is, however, shown to regulate
this air in these Figures. I have found it to improve the working of the fire
plate if a small quantity of air be allowed to enter the flue along with
the smoke and products of combustion just before they reach the fire
grate; this may be done by a ventilator in the front plate. It is, however,
preferable to admit warm air in numerous small streams from behind the
perforated slabs, by means of an apparatus, such as is shown in Figure 19, and
also in plan at Figure 20. a is an air passage, through which the tube b
passes. This tube can be turned by means of a key applied to the bead b',
and the portion of the tube within the air passage has a hole formed in it on
one side, as is shown at 2, Figure 21. There is within the air passage a
scrcen a', and when the opening is turned towards it, the opening becomes

page_text: thereby closed. The other end of the tube b is perforated, so as to allow any
air which enters the tube to escape freely into the flue. A front view of this
arrangement is shown at Figure 22.
Figure 23 is a perspective view of a stove arranged according to my
Invention, and in such a manner as to be suitable for standing in the centro
of a hall or room. Figure 24 is a front elevation, Figure 25 is a horizontal
section, and Figures 26, 27, and 28 are transverse sections taken at the
lines A, B, C, D, and E, F, respectively of Figure 25. a, a, is an iron hearth,
shewn separately at Figure 26*; it has a flange a' formed around its edge,
and another flange a runs across it, dividing it into two parts. Each part
has a hole formed in it. The hole a³ communicates with an underground
smoke flue 6 (see Figure 29), and the hole a' with a casing 6', which sur-
rounds the flue b. The hole a' is fitted with a sliding regulator, as is shewn ;
on the top of the flanges of the hearth a another plate c rests, as is shewn
at Figure 30. This plate bas four holes through it, two of them c' and c
opening into the smoke compartment of the hearth, and two of them c³ and c
opening into the air compartment of the same. All these openings are sur-
rounded by flanges, and there are flanges also around the edges of the plate,
as is shewn. On the top of these flanges there rests the plate d, shewn at
Figure 31, and on this the stove is built. In its construction, hollow blocks,
by preference of Stourbridge or similar clay, are employed; they are in most
cases conveniently moulded by pressing the clay through dies; but very few
dies are required, as many of the blocks are alike either entirely or differing
only in the position of the passages cut in their sides, and these passages I
prefer cut from the moulded blocks, before they are burnt.
Parts may
also be added to the moulded blocks where required. The forms of the
blocks are clearly shewn in the Drawings. They are, in constructing a stovo,
built together with cement, so as to make air-tight joints.between them. The
action of the stove is as follows:-The fire being lighted in the grate e, the
smoke and products of combustion rising from the fuel pass into the flues f,f,
and descend by them down through the holes d', d', in the plate d; they then
pass latterally between the plate d and the plate c to the lower part of the fire,
where the smoke is consumed as in the other arrangements. The products of
combustion then pass through the holes d³, d³, to the flues g, g, by which they
ascend again; they descend by the flues h, h, pass by the holes d³, ds, through
the plated, and by the holes c¹ and c in the plate c to the sinoke compartment
of the hearth, and so into the underground flue b. Air is admitted to the
apartment by the casing ', and, by passing in contact with the flue, is to some
extent warmed. It then enters the air space of the hearth, passes through

page_text: the passages and c' in the plate c, and the passages d', d, in the plate d, into
the several air ducts marked i, i, which are heated on one side by the fire on
the grate, and on the other by the smoke flues. These ducts conduct the air by
a serpentine course to the top of the stove, where it escapes by the openings
Figure 82 is a vertical section of another stove constructed according to my
Invention; Figure 33 is a horizontal section of the same; and Figure 34 is a
horizontal section of the bed plate on which it rests. This bed plate, marked a,
is open at the centre part a', over which opening the fire-grate is fitted; a is
an air space partially surrounding the part a'; a³ is a smaller air space; and
a is a drawer in front, which can be removed, in order to take out the ashes.
Around the fire grate there stands on the bed plate a doublo-tube, by pre-
ference made of fire-clay, and between the two tubes several connecting webs
are formed, as is shewn. From the upper part of the inner tube a portion is
removed at b, to allow the smoke and products of combustion from the fuel
to pass into the flue c.
A passage is similarly formed at the lower part of
this flue, which allows them to pass to the fire grate, where the smoke is
consumed, then, by another passage, the products of combustion enter the
flue d, and are led away by the pipe c.
The air which enters the air space a
in the bed plate (being led there from the outer air or otherwise in any con-
venient manner) passes by suitable openings into the heated air ducts f, f
and thence through holes in the top plate g, which closes the upper ends of
both the smoke flues. The air passes under the ornamental plate h, and
escapes by perforations in it. i is a cover, removed when it is necessary to
put fuel into the stove. The air space a³ receives air from the room in which
the stove is placed, through a regulator a, and the air passes up by the
duct j, and enters the body of the stove by the passage j; this air serves to
maintain the combustion of the fuel. It will be remarked, that in all the
fire-places and stoves herein described, the smoke and products of combustion,
after rising from the fuel on the grate, are lead downwards, so that the smoke,
being brought in contact with the lower part of the fire, may be consumed;
and combined with such fire-places and stoves there are air passages or ducts
for warming air, which is afterwards allowed to enter the room or place where
the fire-place or stove is situated. The air passages or dncts are heated in
part by being placed in immediate contact with the fire-grate, and in part by
the smoke and products of combustion in the smoke flues, portions of the
walls or divisions of the smoke flues forming part also of the air passages
or ducts.
What I claim is, the constructing stoves and fire-places, and the flues in
connection therewith, in the manner herein described.

page_text: I also claim the application of ornamental slabs of china, earthenware, or
glass, having perforations formed in them, for setting stoves or fire-places,
combined with air passages or flues, for the purpose of supplying warmed air
to rooms, such slabs being employed to fill up the spaces around the stove or
fire-place, and between it and the sides and top of the recess into which it
is fitted.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Taylor, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of January, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty.
JOHN TAYLOR. (L.S.)