Improvements in Self-generating Gas or Vapour Burners.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 29th June, 1893
Complete Specification Left, 6th Oct., 1893-Accepted, 24th Feb., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Self-generating Gas or Vapour Burners.
I, LUDWIG DÜRR, Civil Engineer, of Wall No. 18, Bremen, Germany, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention is designed to produce a simple self-generating gas or vapor
burner in which the supply of gas to the burner takes place so uniformly that
extinction of the flame is rendered very improbable, and even if such extinction
should occur the flame will become lighted again with certainty. Moreover the
preparatory heating of the petroleum gas is such as to cause the burner to furnish
a flame of great clearness.
The nature of my invention will be clearly understood by reference to the
accompanying drawings in which
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section of one construction of burner according to my
invention and
Fig. 2 is a horizontal section on the line a b Fig. 1.
For the sake of simplicity the petroleum reservoir is not shown in these figures.
A is the main supply pipe for the oil to be vaporised (hereinafter referred to as
petroleum). B is a regulating cock. C is a metal pipe connection or union from
which branch off two pipes 2 and 3 which extend laterally towards the open ends
of the inner hood or casing F and then return in the form of coils arranged close
to the inner side of the said hood or casing afterwards being bent back again
as shewn in dotted lines, and carrying the burner E which is arranged in the
front part of the casing and to which, through the pipes 2 and 3 the petroleum
vapour passes.
1 is another pipe leading from a petroleum reservoir (which may or may not be
that supplying the main pipe A); it passes through the hoods or casings and
constitutes a separate coil the convolutions of which are arranged between those
of the pipes 2 and 3; it terminates near the inner part of the hood or casing F
in a separate burner D.
This burner D serves as a super-heater and the coiled part of the pipe 1
constitutes therefore a separate super-heater.
The burner D has for object to completely gasify the petroleum in the pipes,
before it can reach the main burner E, and it is so arranged, that it not only
uniformly heats these supply pipes, but (on account of the great tendency of the
petroleum gas to condense) it must also heat its own supply pipe above the burner,
in order to prevent the petroleum at this place from condensation.
I prefer to use the step burner represented at D in Figure 1 for the superheater,
but of course other suitable burners may be employed if desired.
As shown in the drawings the steps or conical parts d are directed outwardly
except the innermost one. The petroleum vapour escapes from fine openings and is
directed sideways against the coils. The innermost step or conical part is arranged
reversely for the purpose of heating the end of the superheating coil 1 above the
supply to the super-heater.
The distance of the super-heater D from the burner E may be varied at will. It
is however important, that the main burner E shall be placed near the front of the
hoods or casings so that the flame will be wholly, or practically so, outside the
casings.
This is a great advantage in comparison with lamps of the kind as heretofore
made wherein the main burner has had to effect also the heating of the pipes, the

page_text: To ignite the lamp a burning wad is placed in the coiled pipes, whereupon the
pipe 1 is supplied with petroleum until the vapor produced therefrom escapes
from the superheater D and is ignited; the supply to the main burner is then
opened, and the petroleum in the coiled pipes is heated by the superheater and is
rapidly and with certainty gasified, the gas flowing to the burner E in a uniform
manner.
As the flame at the superheater is protected by the hoods or casings the
extinction of the main flame caused for instance by a violent gust of wind would
only be momentary as the lamp would immediately be ignited again by the super-
heater flame, without any unburnt gas or petroleum escaping unused.
As is obvious, if the supply to the superheater burner and the main burner be
arranged separately as above explained small quantities of gas may be supplied
continuously to the superheater even when the supply to the main burner is shut
off, so that a small igniting flame may be always maintained at the superheater so
as to obviate the troublesome process of ignition after working has ceased for a
time.
The size of the superheater, the number of the steps or conical parts thereof, the
number of the exit openings etc. will depend of course on the size of the burner but
the arrangement should be such that the flames touch the coils of the pipes
throughout their whole length.
As shewn the hoods or casings F G are each formed in two parts so that they
can be readily detached when necessary. As shewn in Fig. the hood or
casing F is formed with openings through which passes the necessary air to support
combustion at both burners, the air passing between the two hoods and being
heated in its passage.
Figs. 3 4 and 5 show another mode of construction of a burner according to my
invention, wherein coiled pipes are dispensed with.
In this arrangement I employ to gasify or superheat the petroleum an annular
vessel K conveniently of sheet copper, whose inner wall K¹ is by preference
corrugated so as to obtain the largest possible surface.
This gasifying or superheating device is preferably held at the rear part of the
casing by the superheater burner and it carries at its fore part the main burner E.
Into the upper part of the vessel K the petroleum pipe L which is fed from the
reservoir and is capable of being controlled by a suitable regulating device,
discharges. It extends nearly to the forward end of said vessel aud is provided at
its under side with a series of fine perforations through which the petroleum drops
on to the inner wall K¹ thence flowing over the surface thereof. In order to
obtain in the lower part of the vessel K as uniform a gasification as possible, there
is provided close to the lower half of the inner wall K of the gasifying device an
evaporating cup M, into which petroleum falls, the said cup being designed to
contain at any time only a thin layer of petroleum.
D'D' are two pipes leading from the inner end of the vessel to the superheating
burner D; through these pipes gas passes to the burner D. This burner D may
be a burner of the kind shewn in Fig. 1 or may be of any suitable construction.
When the burner D has been ignited its flame spreads over the inner wall of the
vessel K air to support combustion passing between the outer wall of the latter
and the casing. The flame from the burner D acting on the vessel K not only
produces gasification, but also effects a complete superheating of the gas.
Near the front end of the vessel K the main burner E is arranged; it is supplied
by two inlet pipes N so arranged in connection with the vessel K that only gas and
not liquid petroleum can pass to the burner; this is obtained preferably as shewn in
Fig. 5 from which it will be seen that the inlet pipes N extend so far into the
interior of the vessel K that the petroleum falling down over the surface K¹ cannot
pass into the inlet openings.
From the above explanation it will be apparent that, as only petroleum gas in a
superheated condition is fed to the burner, the consumption will be very small, as
compared with such lamps as hitherto made.

page_text: I do not restrict myself to the form of burner illustrated in the accompanying
drawings. The modifications to be made in the construction will of course depend
on the use to which the lamp is to be put.
It may be remarked that owing to the great uniformity obtained in the gasifi-
cation of the petroleum, apparatus according to my invention may advantageously
be employed for heating purposes the arrangement of the burner being suitably
modified to suit circumstances.
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LUDWIG DÜRR,
By L. W., per F. B.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Self-generating Gas or Vapour Burners.
I, LUDWIG DÜRK, Civil Engineer, of Wall No. 18 Bremen, Germany, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention has reference to a simple construction of self-generating gas or
vapour burner (hereinafter called a vapour burner) in which the supply of gas or
vapour to the burner takes place so uniformly that extinction of the flame is
rendered very improbable, and even should extinction take place the flame will
become immediately re-lighted, and in which moreover the preparatory beating of
the petroleum gas or vapour is effected in such a manner as to cause the burner to
furnish a flame of great illuminating power.
In order that the nature of my invention may be clearly understood I will
proceed to explain the same by the aid of drawings filed with my Provisional
Specification wherein,
Fig. 1 shows partly in longitudinal section and partly in elevation, one con-
struction of vapour burner according to my invention.
Fig. 2 is a horizontal section thereof on the line a b of Fig. 1.
For the sake of simplicity the petroleum reservoir is not shown in these
figures.
A is the main supply pipe for the oil (hereinafter referred to as petroleum) to be
vaporised, and burnt, and B is a regulating cock in such pipe. Ĉ is a metal pipe
connection or union extending from the pipe A and from which branch off two
pipes 2 and 3 which extend rectilinearly along the inner side of a hood F to near
the open front end thereof and then return, in the form of coils arranged.as close
as possible to the said inner side of the hood towards the closed rear end thereof.
From this point they are again bent back in an outward direction as shewn in
dotted lines, and carry at their outer ends, the main burner E, which is arranged in
the front portion of the hood and to which, through the pipes 2 and 3, the petroleum
vapour generated in the coil passes.
1 is another pipe leading from a petroleum reservoir which may, or may not, be
that supplying the main pipe A. This pipe passes through the hoods F and G to
the open front end of the former from which point it is led in a backward or inward
direction as a separate coil the convolutions of which are arranged between those
of the pipes 2 and 3, and terminates near the inner part of the hood F in a separate
burner D.
This burner D has for object to completely vaporize and superheat the petroleum
in the supply pipes 2 and 3 before it reaches the main burner E, and it is so
arranged, that it not only uniformly heats these supply pipes, but, on account of
the great tendency of the petroleum vapor to condense, it also heats that part of
its own supply-pipe situate above it, thereby preventing condensation of the

page_text: petroleum vapor at this part. This burner D is hereinafter called for distinction
the vaporizing burner.
I prefer to use the step burner represented at D in Figure 1 for vaporizing and
superheating purposes, but other suitable constructions of burners may be employed
if desired.
As shewn in the drawings the steps or conical parts d are directed outwardly
except the innermost one. The petroleum vapor escapes through fine openings
which direct it sideways against the coiled portions of the pipes 1, 2 and 3. The
innermost step or conical part is arranged reversely for the purpose of heating the
end portion of the superheating pipe 1 near the vaporizing burner D.
The distance of the vaporizing burner D from the main burner_E may be
arranged as desired. It is however important that the main burner E be placed
near the outer or front end of the hoods F, G so that the flame extending
therefrom will be practically wholly outside the said casings so that the luminous
portion or cone of the flame will not be covered thereby.
This construction constitutes a great advantage in comparison with lamps of
this type as heretofore constructed, wherein the main burner has had to effect also
the heating of the supply-pipes, and the flame has consequently been obscured for
a considerable portion of its length.
To ignite the lamp a burning wad, such as a piece of cotton wool impregnated
with burning spirit or the like and ignited, is inserted in the space enclosed by the
coiled portions of the pipes 1, 2 and 3 and the pipe 1 is supplied with petroleum
until the vapor produced therefrom escapes from the vaporizing burner D and is
ignited. The cock B is then opened and the petroleum thus admitted to the
supply-pipes 2 and 3 of the main burner E is rapidly vaporized by the heat of the
vaporizing burner D, the vapour produced being ignited at the main burner E.
The action of the vaporizing burner causes the supply of vapor to the main
burner E to be thereafter constant and uniform.
As the flame from the vaporizing burner is protected by the hoods F and G,
the extinction of the main flame-caused for instance by a violent gust of wind-
would be only momentary, as the main burner would be immediately re-lighted by
the flame from the vaporizing burner without allowing any unburnt vapor or liquid
petroleum to escape unused.
As is obvious, if the supply of petroleum vapor to the vaporizing burner and to
the main burner be arranged separately, as above explained, small quantities of
vapor may be supplied continuously to the vaporizing burner when the supply to the
main burner is shut off, so that a small igniting flame may be always maintained at
the vaporizing burner so as to obviate the troublesome process of ignition after
working has ceased for a time.
The size of the vaporizing burner, the number of the steps or conical parts
thereof, the number of the exit openings and other details, will depend of course
on the size of the main burner, but the arrangement should be such that the flames
from the vaporizing burner will touch the coiled portions of the pipes 1, 2 and 3
throughout their length, or practically so.
Each of the hoods F and G is shown as formed in two parts fitted telescopically
together in such a manner that its outer and larger part can be readily detached
when necessary. As shown in Fig. 2 the hood F is formed at its inner end with
openings H for admitting the necessary air for supporting combustion at both
burners, the arrangement, as will be readily seen, being such that the air in order
to reach these openings, has to pass inwards between the hoods Fand G whereby
it is subjected to a preparatory heating before entering the hood F.
Figs. 3, 4 and 5 show another construction of vapor burner according to my
invention, wherein coiled pipes are dispensed with.
In this arrangement in order to effect the vaporization of the petroleum I employ
au annular vessel K conveniently of sheet copper, the inuer wall K of which is by
preference corrugated so as to provide a very large conducting surface.
This vaporizing or superheating vessel K is preferably attached at its inner or rear

page_text: end to the vaporizing burner D and it carries near its outer or front end the main
burner E.
Into the upper part of the vessel K, extends a supply-pipe L which is fed with
petroleum from the reservoir shown through a pipe provided with a cock or other
suitable regulating device by which the supply of petroleum to the vessel can be
controlled. The pipe L extends nearly to the outer or front end of the said vessel
and is provided at its under side with a series of fine perforations through which
the petroleum drops onto the top or crown of the inner wall K' of the vessel and
thence flows over the surface of the said wall. The outer or front end of the pipe L
is closed. In order to obtain in the lower part of the vessel K as uniform a
vaporization as possible, there is provided close to the lower half of the said inner
wall K, an evaporating cup or trough M, into which petroleum falls, the said cup
or trough being so formed and arranged in relation to the lower portion of the said
inner wall as to contain at any time only a thin layer of petroleum which will be in
contact with the said inner wall.
D' D' are two pipes leading from the inner end of the vessel K to the vaporizing
burner D. These pipes serve to conduct vapor from the vessel K to the vaporizing
burner D which may be of the kind shown in Fig. 1, or of any other suitable
construction. The pipe D' also serves, in the arrangement shown, to hold the
vessel K in place.
At starting, material such as cotton wool saturated with spirit is placed within
the vessel K, (which can be easily effected after first removing the outer detachable
portion of the hood,) and ignited. The vapour thereby generated in the said
vessel passes to the vaporizing burner D and becomes automatically ignited by
contact with the burning material. When the vaporizing burner D has been thus
ignited, its flame will project forward and spread over the inner surface of the
wall K of the vessel K, air to support combustion passing between the outer wall
of the vessel K and the said hood, as indicated by the arrows in Fig. 3. The flame
from the vaporizing burner D acting on the inner surface of the wall K¹ of the
vessel K, not only produces vaporization of the petroleum admitted to the said
vessel, but also effects a complete superheating of the vapor produced therein.
Near the front end of the vessel K is arranged the main burner E. It is supplied
by two inlet pipes N so arranged in connection with the vessel K that only gas and
not liquid petroleum can pass to the burner. This result is attained preferably as
shewn in Fig. 5, from which it will be seen that the inlet pipes N extend so far
into the interior of the vessel K that the liquid petroleum flowing down over the
surface of the inner wall K' cannot enter the said pipes.
From the above explanation it will be readily understood that, as only petroleum
vapour in a superheated condition is fed to the main burner, the consumption will
be very small as compared with the consumption in such lamps as hitherto
constructed.
As will be obvious I do not restrict myself to the form of vapour burner
illustrated in the drawings as the same can be varied. The modifications to be
made in the construction will of course depend on the use to which the said burner
is to be put.
It may be remarked that owing to the great uniformity in the vaporization of the
petroleum, apparatus according to my invention may advantageously be employed
for heating purposes, the arrangement of the apparatus being suitably modified to
suit circumstances.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. A petroleum vapour burner having two burners arranged one behind the other
within a hood, the rear or inner burner serving to vaporize, and if required
superheat, the petroleum that is on its way to the said burners, independently of the
flame of the front or outer burner substantially as herein set forth.

page_text: 2. A vapour burner of the kind specified in the preceding claim, in which the main
burner is arranged in the front or outer end portion of the burner hood or casing
in such a manner as to render practically the whole of the effective portion of the
flame from the said main burner available for lighting or heating purposes
substantially as herein set forth.
3. A vapour burner of the kind specified in Claims 1 and 2 in which between
coiled pipes for vaporizing the petroleum or other oil supplied to the main burner
there is arranged a separately fed coiled pipe for vaporizing the petroleum or other
oil supplied to the vaporizing burner substantially as herein described.
4. A vapour burner of the kind specified in Claims 1 and 2 in which an annular
vaporizing or superheating vessel or chamber is employed having a corrugated
inner wall upon which the petroleum to be vaporized is allowed to drop, liquid
petroleum passing to the lower part of the said vessel or chamber being held in the
form of a thin layer or film against the inner heated wall of the said vessel by a
concave cup or trough substantially as herein described.
5. The improved vapour burners constructed arranged and operating as herein-
before described with reference respectively to and shown in Figs. 1 and 2; and in
Figs. 3, 4 and 5 of the drawings.
Dated this 6th day of October 1893
LUDWIG DÜRR,
By L. W., per F. B.