Improvements in the Treatment or Preparation of Rice and other Grain or Seed for Brewing and other Purposes, and in Means or Apparatus to be Employed therein.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 12th Mar., 1896
Complete Specification Left, 14th Dec., 1896-Accepted, 30th Jan., 1897
Improvements in the Treatment or Preparation of Rice and other
Grain or Seed for Brewing and other Purposes, and in Means or
Apparatus to be Employed therein.
We, ALEXANDER PERRY and HENRY PERRY both of 71 Fairfield Road,
Bow, in the County of Middlesex, Engineers do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
The object of the present invention is to render rice and other grain or seed
more suitable for brewing, distilling and vinegar making and for purposes of food
or otherwise, than heretofore.
In carrying the invention into effect the rice, barley or other grain to be treated
is fed into the upper part of a perforated or wire gauze cylinder or chamber
immersed in a tank of water kept in a boiling state by means of steam, and by
which treatment the grain is more or less scalded or cooked, and in order that the
material may be steeped in the boiling water for a regular and sufficient length of
time the wire gauze perforated chamber is divided by a horizontal partition,
terminating short of the end thereof, into upper and lower compartments, and the
material under treatment is by a screw or other conveyor carried through the upper
compartment until it falls through the opening left by the short partition into the
lower compartment, along the entire length of which it is carried by another
conveyor until it is delivered to an elevator by which time it is sufficiently scalded
or cooked for the purpose in view.
The elevator is mounted in an inclined position within a chamber, and raises the
scalded or cooked material until it falls through an opening above a partition and
the material then descends a shoot into a wire gauze or perforated cylinder or
chamber immersed in a tank of cold water through which it is carried by means of
a screw or other conveyor, and this treatment with cold water has the effect of
destroying or removing the stickiness of the grain consequent upon the cooking
operation, and thus prevents particles adhering together, whilst at the same time
it effectually separates any of the grains which have adhered together before
entering the cold water tank.
This treatment with cold water after the boiling operation is of considerable
importance inasmuch as it enables the grain to be handled and passed through the
machinery employed in the subsequent operations without trouble.
The material after the treatment hereinbefore described which under favourable
conditions will occupy about, for example, five and a half minutes, is next delivered
to an inclined screw or other elevator which carries it over a partition, whence it
falls into a drainage chamber also composed of wire gauze enclosed within a jacket
of larger diameter and furnished with a suitable drainage outlet in order to remove
from the grain the surplus water, and the grain is by a screw, brush, or other
conveyer carried through this drainage chamber.
The material is now in proper condition for the subsequent and final operation
which consists in passing it between suitably and highly heated pressure rollers of
large diameter, the effect of which is to more or less saccharify or gelatinise the
starchy constituents thereof and Hake the same at one operation.
The apparatus which it is preferred to employ in carrying out the flaking
operation, and which forms part of the present invention consists of two rollers of

page_text: large diameter, the shafts or axes of which are mounted in longitudinally adjustable
bearings acted upon by a strong spring in order to keep the pressure rollers in
contact with a strong spring pressure, and these rollers are driven through their
shafts or axes and bevelled gearing from a shaft driven from any suitable source of
power.
In order to impart to the pressure rollers the necessary degree of heat and
that in a constant and regular manner without injury thereto, a body of heated
sand is continuously carried therethrough in the manner hereinafter described.
At each end of the pressure rollers and transversely thereof is arranged a long
tunnel or chamber, which tunnels communicate with the rollers through hollow
necks and are located at different elevations and furnished with screw conveyers as
hereinafter described.
At one end of the machine is provided a suitable furnace within or above which
is fixed upon a shaft receiving rotary motion from the general actuating power, a
heating cylinder, and this cylinder, the pressure rollers, and the longitudinal tunnels
or chambers are charged with a suitable quantity of sand.
The heating cylinder receives rotary motion through its shaft, and around its
shaft at one end it is provided with a hollow neck, in which is arranged a screw
conveyer, aided if desired by lifters, or vanes, so that in the rotation of the heating
cylinder, the sand which thereby becomes highly heated is conveyed or flows by
gravity into the upper one of the tunnels or chambers.
The highly heated sand is carried rapidly along this tunnel or chamber by means
of a screw conveyer and from this tunnel or chamber the heated sand flows by
gravity aided if desired by vanes or screws through the necks of the pressure
rollers which are formed hollow for that purpose, and the first of which is fitted
with a regulating valve to ensure a proper proportion of the sand being carried on
to the next roller.
After giving off its best heat within the pressure rollers the sand flows by gravity,
aided is desired by feed screws, lifters, or vanes, through corresponding hollow
necks, at the opposite ends of the pressure rollers, whence it flows into the lower
one of the tunnels or chambers along which it is carried by a screw conveyer until
it flows into a well or pocket from which it is elevated by a bucket or other
elevator into a chamber formed with an inclined floor, whence it flows through the
hollow neck of the heating cylinder into the interior thereo', but at the opposite end
to that from which it issued.
By these means the sand is continuously circulated through the heating cylinder
and the pressure rollers, and the latter are thus efficiently heated in a regular
and continuous manner and without the risk of injury such as might be occasioned
by the employment of highly heated air, or super-heated steam, whilst the sand
furnishes a degree of heat which cannot be attained by the aid of ordinary steam,
and which is necessary for the successful carrying out of the process.
The apparatus hereinbefore described may with advantage be bricked in, and
preferably all surfaces of the parts through which the heated material is conveyed,
should be protected against radiation by means of suitable non-conducting
material.
In lieu of the heating cylinder hereinbefore described a pottery ware half round
retort might be employed built in brickwork, and furnished with a screw or other
conveyer to carry the material therethrough.
The material to be treated after passing through the drainage chamber herein-
hefore described falls onto a vibrating feed plate which leads it in between the
pressure rollers, and the material, which by the high degree of heat combined with
pressure is completely converted and issues therefrom in the form of extremely thin
Hakes falls onto an endless belt or other conveyer in a finished state, or it might be
afterwards further dried if necessary.
Plates or scrapers are employed to take the flakes off the pressure rollers.
By the process and means herein before described, the grain, whether rice, barley,
oats, or other kind is in a very rapid and effectual manner cooked or converted

page_text: and at the same time flaked or reduced to a condition best suited for brewing
purposes or for use as food.
Dated this 12th day of March 1896.
WHITE & WOODINGTON,
27 Southampton Buildings, London, Agents.
Improvements in the Treatment or Preparation of Rice and other
Grain or Seed for Brewing and other Purposes, and in Means or
Apparatus to be Employed therein.
We, ALEXANDER PERRY and HENRY PERRY, both of 71, Fairfield Road, Bow,
in the County of Middlesex, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The object of the present invention is to render rice and other grain or seed
more suitable for brewing, distilling, and vinegar making, and for purposes of food
or otherwise than heretofore.
In carrying the invention into effect the rice, barley, or other grain to be treated
is fed into the upper part of a perforated or wire gauze cylinder or chamber
immersed in a tank of water kept in a boiling state by means of steam, and by
which treatment the grain is more or less scalded or cooked, and in order that the
material may be steeped in the boiling water for a regular and sufficient length of
time the wire gauze perforated chamber is divided by a horizontal partition
terminating short of the end thereof, into upper and lower compartments, and the
material under treatment is by a screw or other conveyer carried through the
upper compartment until it falls through the opening left by the short partition
into the lower compartment, along the entire length of which it is carried by another
conveyer until it is delivered to an elevator by which time it is sufficiently scalded
er cooked for the purpose in view.
The elevator is mounted in an inclined position within a chamber, and raises the
scalded or cooked material until it falls through an opening above a partition, and
the material then descends a shoot into a wire gauze or perforated cylinder or
chamber immersed in a tank of cold water through which it is carried by means of
a screw or other conveyer, and this treatment with cold water has the effect of
destroying or removing the stickiness of the grain consequent upon the cooking
operation, and thus prevents particles adhering together, whilst at the same time
it effectually separates any of the grains which have adhered together before
entering the cold water tank.
This treatment with cold water after the boiling operation is of considerable
importance inasmuch as it enables the grain to be handled and passed through the
machinery employed in the subsequent operations without trouble.
The material after the treatment hereinbefore described which under favourable
conditions will occupy about for example five and a half minutes, is next delivered
to an inclined screw or other elevator, which carries it over a partition, whence it
falls into a drainage chamber also composed of wire ganze enclosed within a jacket
of larger diameter and furnished with a suitable drainage outlet in order to remove
from the grain the surplus water, and the grain is by a screw brush or other
conveyer carried through this drainage chamber.
The material is now in proper condition for the subsequent and final operation
which consists in passing it between suitably and highly heated pressure rollers of
large diameter, the effect of which is to more or less saccharify or gelatinise the
starchy constituents thereof, and flake the same at one operation.

page_text: The apparatus which it is preferred to employ in carrying out the flaking
operation, and which forms part of the present invention consists of two rollers of
large diameter, the shafts or axes of which are mounted in laterally adjustable
bearings acted upon by a strong spring in order to keep the pressure rollers in
contact with a strong spring pressure, and these rollers are driven through their
shafts or axes and bevelled gearing from a shaft driven from any suitable source of
power.
In order to impart to the pressure rollers the necessary degree of heat, and that
in a constant and regular manner without injury thereto, a body of heated sand is
continuously carried therethrough in the manner hereinafter described.
At each end of the pressure rollers and transversely thereof is arranged a long
tunnel or chamber, which tunnels communicate with the rollers through hollow
necks, and are located at different elevations and furnished with screw conveyers as
hereinafter described.
At one end of the machine is provided a suitable furnace, within or above which
is fixed upon a shaft receiving rotary motion from the general actuating power, a
heating cylinder, and this cylinder, the pressure rollers, and the longitudinal
tunnels or chambers are charged with a suitable quantity of sand.
The heating cylinder receives rotary motion through its shaft, and around its
shaft at one end it is provided with a hollow neck in which is arranged a screw
conveyer, aided if desired by lifters or vanes, so that in the rotation of the heating
cylinder the sand which thereby becomes highly heated is conveyed or flows by
gravity into the upper one of the tunnels or chambers.
The highly heated sand is carried rapidly along this tunnel or chamber by means
of a screw conveyer, and from this tunnel or chamber the heated sand flows by
gravity, aided if desired by vanes or screws through the necks of the pressure
rollers which are formed hollow for that purpose, and the first of which is fitted
with a regulating valve to ensure a proper proportion of the sand being carried on
to the next roller.
After giving off its best heat within the pressure rollers the sand flows by gravity,
aided if desired by feed screws, lifters, or vanes, through corresponding hollow
Decks at the opposite ends of the pressure rollers, whence it flows into the lower
one of the tunnels or chambers along which it is carried by a screw conveyer until
it flows into a well or pocket from which it is elevated by a bucket or other
elevator into a chamber formed with an inclined floor, whence it flows through the
hollow neck of the heating cylinder into the interior thereof, but at the opposite
end to that from which it issued.
By these means the sand is continuously circulated through the heating cylinder
and the pressure rollers, and the latter are thus efficiently heated in a regular and
continuous manner and without the risk of injury such as might be occasioned by
the employment of highly heated air or superheated steam, whilst the sand furnishes
a degree of heat which cannot be attained by the aid of ordinary steam, and which
is necessary for the successful carrying out of the process.
The apparatus herein before described may with advantage be bricked in, and
preferably all surfaces of the parts through which the heated material is conveyed
should be protected against radiation by means of a suitable non-conducting
material.
In lieu of the heating cylinder herein before described a pottery ware half round
retort might be employed built in brickwork and furnished with a screw or other
conveyer to carry the material therethrough.
The material to be treated after passing through the drainage chamber herein-
before described falls onto a vibrating feed plate which leads it in between the
pressure rolllers, and the material which by the high degree of heat combined with
pressure is completely converted and issues therefrom in the form of extremely
thin flakes falls onto an endless belt or other conveyer in a finished state or it
might be afterwards further dried if necessary.
Plates or scrapers are employed to take the flakes off the pressure rollers.

page_text: Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinal section representing an apparatus constructed
according to the present invention for preparing the grain in readiness for the
subsequent flaking operation.
Figure 2 is a transverse section thereof taken on the line 1-1 of Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a similar view taken on the line 2-2 of Figure 1.
Figure 4 is a front elevation of an apparatus constructed according to the present
invention for simultaneously flaking and converting the grain.
Figure 5 is an irregular horizontal section thereof.
Figure 6 is an end elevation thereof.
Figure 7 is a vertical longitudinal section taken on the line 3-3 of Figure 5.
Figure 8 is a similar view taken on the line 4-4 of Figure 5.
Figure 9 is a transverse section taken on the line 5-5 of Figure 5.
Figure 10 is a vertical longitudinal section of part of the machine but representing.
a modified form of heating chamber.
Figure 11 is a transverse section thereof.
Figure 12 is a vertical longitudinal section taken on the line 6-6 of Figure 13
representing a modified form of flaking and converting apparatus.
Figure 13 is an irregular horizontal section thereof, and
Figure 14 is a similar view to Figure 12, but taken on the line 7-7 of
Figure 13.
In the several figures like parts are indicated by similar letters of reference.
Referring to Figures 1 to 3, a represents a suitable frame in which is fixed a
perforated sheet metal or wire gauze cylinder or chamber b into the upper part of
which the rice, barley, or other grain to be treated is fed through a hopper 61 and
the wire gauze chamber b is immersed in water contained in a tank 62 and kept in
a boiling state by means of a supply of steam from any suitable source issuing from
perforated pipes 63.
By this treatment the grain is more or less scalded or cooked, and in order that
the material may be steeped in the boiling water for a regular and sufficient length
of time the wire gauze or perforated chamber is divided by a horizontal partition b
into upper and lower compartments bb*, or in other words it is formed in two
lengths placed one above the other within the tank 62 and the horizontal partition 6
which constitutes the floor of the upper compartment terminates short of the end
of the chamber b so as to leave an opening leading from the upper to the lower
compartment.
Within the upper and lower compartments bb of the wire gauze chamber are
arranged screw or they might be other suitable conveyers c c which are fixed upon
shafts c' at one end mounted in bearings & upon the interior of the tank band at
the other end passing through stuffing boxes 6' upon the exterior thereof and the
shafts c' which are coupled by means of toothed wheels c² of equal diameter are
driven through a pulley es fixed upon the upper shaft c' by means of a band (not
shown) from any suitable source of power.
The material under treatment is by the screw conveyer e carried along the upper
one of the compartments 6 * until it falls through the opening 65 into the lower
compartment along the entire length of which it is carried by the lower
conveyer cuntil it is delivered to an elevator d by which time it is sufficiently
scalded or cooked for the purpose in view the period of immersion being regulated
by the length of the perforated chambers or compartments b b and the speed of
rotation of the conveyers ce as will be readily understood.
The elevator d is fixed upon a shaft d mounted in an inclined position within a
chamber or shaft d² and the shaft d' is at its lower end received in a footstep

page_text: bearing d' whilst at its upper end it passes out of the shaft d' through a bearing d
and is provided with a bevelled wheel d' which engages a corresponding wheel d
fixed upon the upper end of a vertical shaft d carried in bearings d d and
receiving motion through a bevelled wheel do from a corresponding wheel e fixed
upon a driven shaft e hereinafter described.
The elevator d raises the scalded or cooked material until it falls through an
opening d² in the wall of the chamber or shaft d, and the material then descends
a shoot d and passes through an opening e into a wire gauze or perforated
sheet metal cylinder or chamber e immersed in cold water contained in a tank
Within the wire gauze cylinder or chamber e is arranged a screw or it might be
any other suitable conveyer e3 which is fixed upon a shaft e at one end mounted in
a bearing and at the other end passing out through a stuffing box and driven
through a pulley ' by a band (not shown) from a steam or other engine and the
material is by the conveyer e carried through the cold water which has the effect
of destroying or removing the stickiness of the grain consequent upon the cooking
operation and thus prevents particles adhering together whilst at the same time
it effectually separates any of the grains which have adhered together before
entering the cold water tank.
This treatment with cold water after the boiling operation is of considerable
importance inasmuch as it enables the grain to be handled and passed through the
machinery employed in the subsequent operations without trouble.
After the treatment hereinbefore described which under favourable conditions
will occupy for example above five and a half minutes, the material is by the
conveyer delivered to a screw elevator f which is fixed upon a shaft f¹ mounted
in an inclined position within a chamber or shaft f' and the shaft f¹ is at its lower
end received in a footstep hearing whilst at its upper end it passes out of the
chamber through a bearing / and is provided with a bevelled wheel which
engages a corresponding wheel c fixed upon the shaft c'.
The elevator raises the material until it falls through an opening f in the
wall of the chamber or shaft 2 whence it falls through a shoot into a wire
gauze or perforated sheet metal cylinder or drainage chamber enclosed within
a jacket or casing furnished with an outlet or drainage pipe 10 and the surplus
water is thus removed from the grain and carried away during the passage of the
grain through the gauze cylinder which is effected by means of a screw brush f"
fixed upon a shaft f12 at its ends mounted in bearings and driven through a
pulley by a band (not shown) from the engine.
After passing through the drainage chamber the material is delivered by a
shoot onto an inclined vibratory plate or trough 16 which conducts it to the
machine hereinafter described.
The material is now in proper condition for the subsequent and final operation
which consists in passing it between suitably and highly heated pressure rollers of
large diameter the effect of which is to more or less saccharify or gelatinise the
starchy constituents thereof, and flake the same at one operation.
Referring to Figures 4 to 9 which illustrate the apparatus that it is preferred
to employ in carrying out the flaking operation g represents the walls of the
apparatus which may be composed of brickwork bound by an iron frame g as
shown, and 9 represents an internal partition which divides the structure into
two chambers g³ g³.
Within the chamber g² are arranged two pressure rollers h of large diameter
which are fixed upon shafts h¹ mounted in bearings 2 carried in guides or ways h³
with capability of lateral movement and acted upon by means of a strong
spring in order to keep the pressure rollers in contact with a strong spring
pressure, and the said rollers are driven through their shafts h by means of
bevelled wheels fixed upon the ends of the shafts which engage corresponding
bevelled wheels i¹ fixed upon a driving shaft i receiving motion from any suitable
source of power.
In order to impart to the pressure rollers the necessary degree of heat to

page_text: convert the grain in its passage between the same and that in a constant and
regular manuer without injury to the rollers, a body of heated sand or it might
be other suitable granular or pulverulent material such as pulverised coke is
continuously carried or circulated through the pressure rollers & in the manner
hereinafter described.
At each end of the pressure rollers & and transversely thereof is arranged a
long tunnel or chamber j k which tunnels communicate with the pressure rollers &
through hollow necks A and A provided at each end of the latter and the
tunnels jk which are located at different elevations are provided with screw
conveyers fixed upon shafts mounted with capability of revolution in
bearings and at their ends provided with pulleys coupled by means of a
band and the shaft receives motion from the shaft i through a pulley i fixed
upon the latter, a pulley * fixed upon the former, and a coupling bolt for the
purpose hereinafter described,
The chamber g at one end of the machine constitutes a furnace and is provided
with a grate g and door g and above the grate g is arranged a heating cylinder
which is fixed upon a shaft mounted in bearings carried by bearas bolted to
the iron frame g and the shaft and heating cylinder receive rotary motion
through a bevelled wheel fixed upon the former which through intermediate
bevelled wheels engages a corresponding wheel fixed up in the driving
shaft i, and the pressure rollers & tunnels jk and heating cylinder I are by means
of a hopper charged with a suitable quantity of sand or the like which is
circulated therethrough in the following manner.
The heating cylinder I receives rotary motion through its shaft and around
this shaft at each end thereof the heating cylinder is provided with hollow
necks and within the neck and fixed therewith is arranged a screw
conveyer and within the heating cylinder are provided if necessary lifters or
vanes so that in the rotation of the heating cylinder the sand which has
become highly heated therein is conveyed or flows by gravity into the upper one j
of the tunnels and in order to assist the passage of the sand through the heating
cylinder the latter is provided with spiral blades **.
The highly heated sand is carried rapidly along the tunnel j in the direction of
the arrows by means of the screw conveyer j and from this tunnel the heated sand
flows by gravity aided if desired by lifters and screws fixed within the
hollow necks of the pressure rollers through apertures in such necks
and thus into the pressure rollers hand in order to provide for a proper
distribution of the heated sand to each pressure roller h the first one of such
rollers is provided with a regulating valve 4 which ensures a proper proportion
of the sand being carried to the second one of the rollers h. After giving off its
best heat within the pressure rollers & the sand which is assisted in its passage
through the rollers & by spiral blades 4" flows by gravity aided if desired by
lifters and feed screws or the like through apertures * into the hollow
necks A at the opposite ends of the pressure rollers & whence it flows into the
lower one k of the tunnels along which it is carried by the screw conveyer k¹ until
it flows into a well or pocket where it encounters an elevator & composed of
au endless chain of buckets the lower end of which passes around a supporting or
guide wheel lousely mounted upon a stud or axis k' and the upper end of which
passes around a chain wheel fixed upon a short shaft mounted in bearings
and at its end provided with a toothed wheel " which engages a toothed wheel
fixed upon the shaft of the heating cylinder I and by these means the elevator
lifts the spent and into a chamber 2 formed with an inclined or curved
floor whence it flows aided by lifters and a screw through apertures 1
in the hollow neck of the heating cylinder into the interior thereof and
therefore at the opposite end to that from which it issued.
By the means herein before described the sand is continuously circulated through
the heating cylinder and the pressure rollers h and the latter are thus efficiently
heated in a regular and continuous manner and without the risk of injury to the

page_text: parts such as might be occasioned by the employment of highly heated air or
superheated steam, whilst the sand or equivalent material furnishes a degree of
heat which cannot be attained by the aid of ordinary steam and which is necessary
for the successful carrying out of the process.
The apparatus hereinbefore described may with advantage be bricked in as
shown and preferably all surfaces of the parts through which the heated material
is conveyed should be protected against the radiation of heat by means of suitable
.non-conducting material as will be readily understood.
The material under treatment after passing through the drainage chamber f
falls onto the inclined feed plate or trough 16 which is carried by transverse
bars 17 pivotally connected at 18 to short levers or offsets f1 fixed upon
shafts mounted in bearings and one of which shafts f is provided with a
short lever or offset " which is pin-jointed to a universal joint f carried by the
upper end of an eccentric rod connected with an eccentric strap encircling an
eccentric fixed upon the shaft j2 and the necessary vibratory motion is thus
given to the feed plate or trough 16.
The vibrating feed plate or trough delivers the material into a hopper m
which leads it in between the pressure rollers and the material by the high
degree of heat combined with its moist condition and pressure is completely
converted when it issues from the pressure rollers & and it is then delivered by a
shoot or spout o onto an endless belt or other conveyer (not shown) in a finished
state, or it might be afterwards further dried if necessary.
In order to remove from the pressure rollers any flakes of material that may
adhere thereto, doctors, plates or scrapers n are employed.
In the example given at Figures 10 and 11 the heating chamber instead of
revolving is a fixture and the shaft has fixed therewith an additional screw *
of large diameter which assists to carry the sand through the chamber whilst to
assist in carrying the sand into the heating chamber 1 the chamber 12 is provided
with an inclined floor 13.
In this case also instead of forming the beating cylinder or chamber entirely of
iron the lower half thereof is formed of earthenware flanged at ** to rest upon
buttresses g* whilst the upper part is formed of sheet iron.
In other respects the apparatus is assumed to be identical with that hereinbefore
shown and described.
In the example given at Figures 12, 13, and 14 the apparatus is substantially
the same as that herein before shown and described with respect to Figures 4 to 9,
except that it is simplified in the following manner.
The screw conveyers and k and their driving mechanism are dispensed with,
and in lieu thereof the tunnels j k are formed inclined so that the sand will traverse
the same simply by gravity and in lieu of the toothed wheel k" the lift shaft is
provided with a pulley k and the shaft of one of the rollers is prolonged
and provided with a pulley which by a band gives motion to the lift
pulley
The valve for regulating the distribution of sand to the pressure rollers h is
also modified, and in this case consists of an adjustable deflecting plate mounted
upon a sbaft *, and which plate divides the stream of sand and directs it more
or less into either pressure roller h as circumstances may require.
In other respects the details of construction are assumed to be substantially the
same as those hereinbefore shown and described with respect to Figures 4 to 9 and
therefore do not need to be repeated here.
It will be understood that the various details, such as the character of the
conveyers and the driving means may be varied without departing from the spirit
of the invention.
For example the speed of rotation or timing of the pressure rollers, the heating
chamber, and the various conveyers and lifters or the like may be differently
proportioned as although the gearing and speeds herein before shown and described
throughout the specification are at the present time thought to be suitable for the

page_text: performed experience may show that these and other detans require to
be modified.
When treating rice and especially some kinds thereof the preliminary scalding
process may be dispensed with and the rice simply moistened with cold water
previous to passing it between the pressure rollers.
By the process and means herein before described, the grain, whether rice, barley
oats or other kind is in a very rapid and effectual manner cooked or converted and
at the same time flaked or reduced to a condition best suited for brewing purposes
or for use as food.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. In the treatment of grain or seed first steeping the material in boiling water,
then in cold water, and after removing the surplus moisture, therefrom, submitting
it to heat and pressure substantially as herein described and for the purpose stated.
2. In the treatment of grain or seed first steeping the material in boiling water,
then in cold water and after removing the surplus moisture therefrom passing it
between heated pressure rollers substantially as herein described and for the purpose
stated.
3. In the treatment of grain or seed an apparatus for preparing the material for
conversion comprising a hot water tank, a chamber or trough having perforate
walls located within the hot water tank a screw or other conveyer for carrying
the material through the perforated chamber, a cold water tank a chamber or
trough having perforate walls located within the cold water tank means for
delivering the material from the hot water to the cold water a screw or other
conveyer for carrying the material through the cold water, means for removing the
material from the cold water and means for draining the surplus water from the
material substantially as herein shown and described and for the purpose stated.
4. In the treatment of grain or seed an apparatus for draining the surplus
moisture out of grain that has been steeped in water comprising a chamber formed
of perforate material a driven screw brush located within the chamber a feed
bopper, a delivery shoot and a drainage case enclosing the perforate chamber
substantially as herein shown and described.
5. In the treatment of grain or seed, the employment of heated sand or
pulverulent material continuously circulated through the parts to be heated
without coming into contact with the grain or seed substantially as herein
described.
6. In the treatment of grain or seed means for simultaneously flaking and
converting the material comprising two revolving hollow pressure rollers between
which the material is passed and a body of heated sand or pulverulent material
continuously circulated through the pressure rollers substantially as herein shown
and described and for the purpose stated.
7. In the treatment of grain or seed means for simultaneously flaking and
converting the material comprising two revolving hollow pressure rollers between
which the material is passed a heating cylinder or chamber, a furnace for heating
the chamber, a body of sand or pulverulent material continuously circulated
through the heating chamber and the pressure rollers and means for circulating
the sand through the heating chamber and pressure rollers substantially as herein
shown and described and for the purpose stated.
8. In the treatment of grain or seed means for simultaneously flaking and
converting the material comprising two revolving hollow pressure rollers between
which the material is pressed, a heating cylinder or chamber, a furnace for heating
the chamber, a body of sand or pulverulent material continuously circulated
through the heating chamber and the pressure rollers, a high level tunnel through
which heated sand circulates from the heating chamber to the pressure rollers a
conveyer within the tunnel for carrying the heated sand to the pressure rollers
R

page_text: a valve for distributing the heated sand equally between the pressure rollers a low
level tunnel upon the opposite side of the machine into which the heated sand flows
from the pressure rollers, a conveyer for carrying the heated sand along the low
level tunnel towards the heating chamber a lift for raising the spent sand again
into the heating chamber and means such as lifters, vanes or screws for assisting
the passage of the sand into, through, and out of the heating chamber and pressure
rollers substantially as herein shown and described and for the purpose stated.
9. In the treatment of grain or seed the combination of a preparatory apparatus
comprising hot and cold water chambers through which the grain is passed, a
drainage apparatus two pressure rollers between which the grain is passed, a
heating chamber, a body of sand or the like, continuously circulated through the
heating chamber and pressure rollers, means for circulating the sand and means
for heating the heating chamber substantially as herein shown and described and
for the purpose stated.
Dated this 14th day of December 1896.
WHITE & WOODINGTON,
27 Southampton Buildings, London, Agents.