CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF PORCELAIN, FAIENCE, AND POTTERY, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Andreas Friedrick Cederwaller, of Viborg,
Finland, and Aaron Ferdinand Westerlund, of Stockholm, Sweden,
Engineers, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF PORCELAIN, FAIENCE, AND POTTERY, AND IN APPARATUS
THEREFOR."
Sealed the 15th February 1870, and dated the 25th August 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Andreas Friedrick
Cederwaller and Aaron Ferdinand Westerlund at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 25th
August 1869.
We, ANDREAS FRIEDRICK CEDERWALLER, of Viborg, Finland, and
AARON FERDINAND WESTERLUND, of Stockholm, Sweden, Engineers,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN. IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PORCELAIN, FAIENCE, AND POTTERY, AND IN
APPARATUS THEREFOB," to be as follows:-
The object of our Invention is the manufacture of a very cheap plastio
mass and glazing for porcelain, faience, and pottery ware, and our improve

page_text: ments comprise, a method of mixing the materials dry, a method of
wetting the mixed materials, and apparatus used for pulverizing and
mixing said materials.
Method of Mixing the Materials Dry.-Already pulverized hard
materials, and clay pulverized in a drum herein-after described, and any
hard or soft material used in the manufacture of porcelain or pottery
ware are introduced into the said drum, occupying about th of its
capacity, pieces of fire-stone, feldspath, or mountain quartz occupying
about ths. The drum is then made to rotate, and the materials are
thus mixed into a homogeneous mass, which is then sifted from the
drum to be wetted as herein-after described. The materials intended
for glazing are manipulated and mixed in the same manner.
Method of Moistening the Mixed Materials.-The materials for the
mass or body of the ware or those intended for the glazing having been
mixed as above described are carefully placed in a tub or trough, and 1
just sufficient water is poured over to render the mass as plastic as may
be required, or to bring the glazing to the necessary consistency. The
tub or trough is then covered with a piece of fabric and a regulated
quantity of water poured over. This may be varied as follows:-Half
the quantity of water is poured into the tub or trough shown Fig. 4 of 2
the annexed Sheet of Drawing, the same is then covered with the fabric
frame, Fig. 5, and the mixed materials carefully put it. A second fabric
frame is then spread over the materials, and the other half of the water
poured over. By this process (which we prefer to the preceding) the
mass is more quickly and more evenly moistened, and may be brought 2
immediately to the required degree of plasticity without any further
pressure or stove drying.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Fig. 1, is a plan, and Fig. 2 a transverse section of the drum; Fig. 3,
a sieve; Fig. 4, tub or trough; Fig. 5, fabric frame. Similar letters 3
of reference indicate corresponding parts in each of the Figures re-
spectively.
a, drum, made of enameled copper, brass, or other metal; b, shaft of
drum supported on the framing c; d, cover of opening in drum;
e, e, rings strengthening drum; f, f, fire-stone, feldspath, or mountain 3

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Andreas Friedrick Cederwaller and Aaron Ferdinand
Westerlund in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 17th February
1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, ANDREAS
FRIEDRICK CEDERWALLER, of Viborg, Finland, and AARON FERDINAND
WESTERLUND, of Stockholn, Sweden, Engineers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of August, in the year'
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-
third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto us, the said Andreas Friedrick Cederwaller and Aaron
Ferdinand Westerlund, Her special licence that we, the said Andreas
Friedrick Cederwaller and Aaron Ferdinand Westerlund, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Andreas
Friedrick Cederwaller and Aaron Ferdinand Westerlund, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF PORCELAIN, FAIENCE, AND POTTERY, AND IN APPARATUS
THEREFOR," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Andreas
Friedrick Cederwaller and Aaron Ferdinand Westerlund, our executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be.
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent.
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Andreas Freidrick Cederwaller and
Aaron Ferdinand Westerlund, do hereby declare the nature of our said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement,
reference being had to the accompanying Sheet of Drawing, and to
the figures and letters of reference marked thereon, similar letters
denoting corresponding parts in each of the Figures respectively.

page_text: The object of our Invention is the manufacture of a very cheap plastic
mass and glazing for porcelain, faience, and pottery ware, and our im-
provements comprise, a method of mixing the materials dry, a method
of wetting the mixed materials, and apparatus used for pulverizing and
mixing said materials.
Method of Mixing the Materials Dry.-Already pulverized hard
materials and clay pulverized in a drum herein-after described, and any
hard or soft materials used in the manufacture of porcelain or pottery
ware, are introduced into the said drum, occupying about 1% of its
capacity, pieces of fire-stone, feldspath, or mountain quartz occupying
about.
The drum is then made to rotate, and the materials are
thus mixed into a homogeneous mass, which is then sifted from the drum
to be wetted as herein-after described. The materials intended for
glazing are manipulated and mixed in the same manner.
Method of Moistening the Mixed Materials.-The materials for the
mass or body of the ware or those intended for the glazing having been
mixed as above described are carefully placed in a tub or trough, and
just sufficient water is poured over to render the mass as plastic as may
be required, or to bring the glazing to the necessary consistency. The
tub or trough is then covered with a piece of woven fabric and a
regulated quantity of water poured over. This may be varied as
follows: Half the quantity of water is poured into the tub or trough
shewn Fig. 4 of the annexed Sheet of Drawing, the same is then
covered with the fabric frame, Fig. 5, and the mixed materials carefully
put in. A second fabric frame is then placed over the materials, and
the other half of the water poured over. By this process (which we
prefer to the preceding) the mass is more quickly and evenly wetted,
and may be brought immediately to the required degree of plasticity
without any further pressure or stove drying.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 is a plan, and Fig. 2 a transverse section of the drum; Fig. 3, a
sieve; Fig. 4, tub or trough; Fig. 5, fabric frame.
a, drum, made of enameled copper, brass, or other metal; b, shaft of
drum supported on the framing c; d, cover or lid of opening in drum;
e, e, rings strengthening drum; f, f, fire-stone, feldspath, or mountain
quartz naturally rounded; g, sieve to be substituted for cover d when
the materials are mixed in order to separate them from the stones.

page_text: By means of the methods above described the difficulties and tedious-
ness of mingling, washing, clearing, pressing, and stove drying the
materials are avoided; further most of the machines or apparatuses now
used are dispensed with, there is a great saving of time, space, and
power, and the manufacture of the mass or body, and of the glazing is
altogether simplified.
Having now described the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is performed, we would have it understood that we lay
no claim to the exclusive use of cylinders made of iron and filled with
balls of iron or other metal, nor of cylinders made of porcelain with a
jacket of wood and ths filled with balls of porcelain or of glass; but
what we claim is,―
Firstly. The use of a drum of enameled copper, brass, or other metal
of variable dimensions, filled up to about ths of its capacity with
rough fire-stone, feldspath, or mountain quartz in pieces of from
of an inch to an inch in size, for the purpose of pulverizing sand and
other materials, both hard and soft, used in the manufacture of porcelain
and pottery ware.
Secondly. The use of the above described method of mixing these
materials dry, and also that of wetting them for the purpose of obtaining
a mass or body or a glazing to be used in the manufacture of porcelain,
faience, and pottery ware, the whole substantially as herein set forth
and illustrated on the accompanying Sheet of Drawing.
In witness whereof, we, the said Andreas Friedrick Cederwaller and
Aaron Ferdinand Westerlund, have hereunto set our hands and
seals, this Seventh day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy.
ANTADTLAS UDIEDRICK CEDEDWALIND
ANDREAS FRIEDRICK CEDERWALLER. (i.s.)
AARON FERDINAND WESTERLUND.
(L.S.)