CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING BRICKS, TILES, QUAR- RIES, DRAIN PIPES, AND SUCH OTHER ARTICLES AS ARE OR MAY BE MADE OF CLAY OR OTHER PLASTIC SUBSTANCES
Year: 1851

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
PIMLOTT OATES, of Lichfield, in the County of Stafford, Surgeon, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Ninth day of October,
(One thousand eight hundred and fifty-one,) in the fifteenth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Joseph Pimlott Oates, my exors, adñiors, and assigns, Her especial
license, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said Joseph Pimlott
Oates, my exors, adñññors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Joseph Pim-
lott Oates, my exors, adñors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times during the term of years therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING BRICKS, TILES, QUAR-
RIES, DRAIN PIPES, AND SUCH OTHER ARTICLES AS ARE OR MAY BE MADE OF CLAY OR
OTHER PLASTIC SUBSTANCES;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso
that I, the said Joseph Pimlott Oates, shall cause a particular description of
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, to be inrolled
in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in
and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large
appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said Joseph
Pimlott Oates, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the
Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon,
that is to say:
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1 represents my Invention in side elevation, and Figure 2 represents
the same in plan; Figure 3 represents a vertical and longitudinal section taken
through the line a in Figure 2; and Figure 4 represents a vertical and trans-
verse section of part of the machine, Figures 1, 2, and 3, the said section,
Figure 4, being taken through the line b, Figure 3; Figures 5, 6, 7, and 8
represent detached portions of my machine. The same letters and figures of
reference indicate the same parts in the several Figures. c is the driving shaft,
by the rotation of which the several motions herein-after described are com-
municated to the various parts of the machine. d is the hopper or pug mill,
in which the clay is prepared previous to being moulded into bricks or other
articles. The said hopper consists of a vessel, the upper part of which has the
figure of an inverted cone, the middle portion e is cylindrical, and the lower
portion is conical or funnel-shaped as represented. The parts d, e, may be
made in one picce; the part f is connected by a flange to the flanged bottom
of the part e.
9 is a vertical shaft situated in the axis of the hopper d; the
upper end of this shaft is supported by and works in a collar or journal / on
the arch i, and the lower end of the said shaft works in a bearing in the cross
piece k, which is fixed between the flanges e, f, of the parts e and f. That
portion of the shaft which is situated in the part d of the hopper is of an
octagonal figure, and carries a series of knives or blades 1, 1, 1, the lengths of
which are as great as is compatible with their working in the parts of the
These blades are connected
hopper in which they are respectively situated.
with the shaft g, by being welded or otherwise connected with bosses having
octagonal apertures corresponding to the figure of the shaft; two of the said
blades are attached to each boss in a right line, that is to say, one blade is
placed exactly opposite to another on each boss. These blades are inclined,
as shown in the Drawing (see Figure 3), cach blade being inclined in a
direction opposite to that of the other blade on the same boss, that is to say,
although the axis of each blade is perpendicular to the shaft g; each blade is
twisted on its axis, so that the plane of each of the said blades is inclined to a
horizontal plane, the inclinations of the two blades on the same boss being
opposed to each other, as already described. The several bosses are so placed

page_text: upon the shaft g that each blade makes an angle of forty-five degrees with the
blade next below or above it. The bosses are deeper, and consequently the
blades further apart, at the upper part of the hopper d, than at the lower part
of the said hopper. The shaft g is connected with and driven by the driving
shaft c through the bevil gear m and axis n. The part of the hopper is
occupied by a continuous blade or screw o upon the shaft g, the form of which
said screw or blade is so fully shown in the Figure 3 that I do not deem a
further description of it necessary. The lower part of the hopper (which
for the sake of distinction I will herein-after call the "rectum") is at its top of
a circular figure, corresponding in size and form with the lower part of the
portión e of the hopper. The said rectum contracts from its upper circular part
towards the lower end p, and has at the said lower end a rectangular figure,
the said rectangular part corresponding in form and size to the length and breadth
of the brick to be produced. The rectum terminates below in the plate or
flange q. r, s, is a frame, shown separately and in perspective in Figure 5, to
which a reciprocating sliding motion is communicated by the means herein-after
explained. This frame consists of the two dies or moulds r, s, which are open at
top and bottom, and exactly resemble 'in internal figure the ordinary hand brick
mould. The space between the said moulds r, s, is equal to the size of one of the
said moulds. The said frame r, s, works in slides t, t, (see Figure 4,) fixed on
the sides u, u, of the frame of the machine. v is a rod having a horizontal
sliding motion; the said rod is jointed to the frame r, s, at w. x, a², are anti-
friction rollers fixed on the rod v, on which said rollers the camb y on the
driving shaft c acts by the rotation of the said camb y; the frame r, s, is
brought into the position represented in the Drawing, and allowed to rest awhile
in that position. The said frame is afterwards made to slide in the direction
indicated by the arrow in Figure 3, until the mould is brought under the
rectum, (that is to say,) until the mould occupies the position which in the
Drawing is occupied by the mould s; the frame rests again for a while, and is
then again brought into the position represented in the Drawing, the several
inotions described being effected by a single rotation of the camb y. The
frame r, s, slides between the plate or flange 7 terminating the rectum and the
plate z, fixed to the framing of the machine. 1, 2, are two pistons affixed to
arms 3, 4, and capable of motion in a vertical line. The piston 1 is
situated immediately over the mould when the frame r, s, has the position
represented in the Drawing, and the piston 2 is situated immediately over the
moulds when the frame r, s, has, by the action of the camb y been brought to
the end of its course in the direction indicated by the arrow in Figure 3.
5, 6, are cambs on the driving shaft c, in the face of each of which cambs are

page_text: grooves 7 (one of which is shown at Figures 1 and 3); a pin on the end of
each of the cranked levers 8 engages in the said grooves 7; the motion of the
said cranked levers 8 is communicated by the connecting rods g to the cranked
levers 10, and through the connecting rods 11, 11, to the pistons 1, 2. The
cambs 5, 6, are so fixed upon the driving shaft c (see Figure 2) that by the
rotation of the said shaft the piston 1 is brought down and raised again when
the mould r is under the said piston, and the piston 2 is brought down and
raised again when the mould s is under the said piston 2. 12, 13, are endless
webs working on the rollers 14, 15; the said rollers are actuated by the driving
shaft c, through the bands 16, pullies 17, and bevil gear 18. The action of the
several parts of the machine is as follows:-The clay to be made into bricks is
placed in the hopper d in a coherent state, and by the rotation of the shaft g
and knives 1, 1, is tempered and carried down to the part e of the hopper; the
further progress of the said clay is effected by the screw o, which carries it
down the said cylindrical part e, and forces it in a highly compressed form
through the rectum finto the mould r or s. As the said moulds are alter-
nately filled with the compressed clay, the frame carrying the said moulds is
made to slide backwards and forwards in the manner herein-before described.
The sliding of the said frame between the plates q and z planes the upper and
lower faces of the bricks contained in the said moulds during the rest of the
frame, and while the empty mould under the rectum is being filled, the piston
over the filled mould descends, and forcing the brick out of the bottom of the
said mould, deposits it on the endless web underneath, by which web it is
carried away. Although I have described, and prefer using a sliding frame
carrying two dies, I do not confine myself to that number of dies. In order
to make tiles and other articles the rectum f, sliding frame r, s, and pistons 1, 2,
are removed, and such other rectum and dies substituted as may be necessary
to fit my machine for the manufacture of the said tiles and other articles.
Thus for making pipes or crest tiles the rectum represented in section in
Figure 6, and in front view in Figure 7, is used, and a suitable die is attached
to the lower end thereof. Figure 8 represents the die which is attached to the
lower end of the rectum; Figures 6 and 7, when crest tiles are to be made.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be carried into effect, I wish it to be understood that I
do not limit myself to the precise manner of carrying my Invention into effect
herein-before described, as the same may be varied without departing from the
nature of my said Invention.
I claim, firstly, the arrangement of knives herein-before described, and
represented in the accompanying Drawing.

page_text: Secondly, the forcing of the clay or other plastic substance of which bricks,
tiles, and other articles are to be formed, through the contracting passage
herein-before described, and represented in the accompanying Drawing, and
called the rectum, whereby the clay or other plastic substance is brought into
a compressed state.
Thirdly, the reciprocating frame herein-before described, and represented in
the accompanying Drawing, carrying the moulds in which the bricks or other
article to be manufactured are formed; also the planing or smoothing the tops
and bottoms of such bricks or other articles, by causing the moulds in which
they are formed to slide between plane surfaces, and the removal of the bricks
or other articles from the moulds by pistons, as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Pimlott Oates, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Third day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-two.