AN IMPROVEMENT IN SUBJECTING FATTY AND OILY MATTERS AND MATTERS CONTAINING OILS OR FATS TO PRESSURE
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Childs, of Belmont, Vauxhall, in the County
of Surrey, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVEMENT IN SUBJECTING FATTY
AND OILY MATTERS AND MATTERS CONTAINING OILS OR FATS TO PRESSURE."
Sealed the 17th August 1854, and dated the 11th April 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Childs at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th April
1854.
I, JAMES CHILDS, of Belmont, Vauxhall, in the County of Surrey, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN SUBJECTING FATTY
AND OILY MATTERS AND MATTERS CONTAINING OILS OR FATS TO PRESSURE" to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists of subjecting fatty and oily matters and also matters
containing oils or fats to pressure when they are immersed in water, by which
means the fluid oils, as they are expressed, rise to the surface of the water,
and the temperatures at which such matters shall be pressed may be more
uniformly kept than when the matters under pressure are surrounded by air
or steam.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Childs in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 11th
October 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
CHILDS, of Belmont, Vauxhall, in the County of Surrey, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eleventh day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the seventeenth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
James Childs, Her special licence that I, the said James Childs, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said James Childs, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN SUBJECTING FATTY AND
OILY MATTERS AND MATTERS CONTAINING OILS OR FATS TO PRESSURE," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said James Childs; by an instrument in
writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Childs, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
thereof (that is to say) :—
This Invention consists of subjecting fatty and oily matters and also matters
containing oils or fats to pressure when they are immersed in water, by which
means the fluid oils, as they are expressed, rise to the surface of the water,
and the temperatures at which such matters shall be pressed may be more
uniformly kept than when the matters under pressure are surrounded by air
or steam.
Having thus stated the nature of my said Invention, I will proceed to.
describe the best means I am acquainted with for performing the same.

page_text: of
Figure 1 shows a perspective view of the apparatus which I employ; Figure
2 is a transverse section thereof; and Figure 3 shows the forms of perforated
plates I use between the bags, which are charged with fatty and oily matters or
matters containing oils and fats. a, a, is a rectangular vessel or trough, at the
bottom of which are steam pipes, for the purpose of heating and retaining the
water in the trough at the desired temperature, and a thermometer is placed
in the trough to indicate the temperature; is the rod, of any suitable form
press; and c is a plate fixed thereon, which works in the trough, and presses
the matters placed in the trough for that purpose; d is a vessel or cistern,
which is connected by a flexible tube or pipe e to the trough a. The cistern
or vessel d is suspended and kept partly in a state of balance by weights, as
shewn, so as to enable the workman readily to raise and lower such vessel or
cistern; f is a cock, by which water is supplied to the trough a.
The bags
containing the matters to be pressed are placed between perforated plates 9, 9,
there being two plates used, one of which has ribs g' on one side, which
keep the two plates 9, 9, a slight distance apart, so that the water may come
between them, and also that the fluid oil expressed from the bags may get
away freely and rise up to the surface of the water; these plates are retained
in position by the ribs a', a', on the sides of the trough a. In using this ap-
paratus, the cistern or vessel d would, at the time of packing the trough a with
bags charged with fats or oils or matters containing fats or oils, be at its lowest
position, and the water would consequently be in the vessel or cistern d. The
bags are to be placed in succession with the two plates g, g, between them,
and when the press has been thus charged the vessel or cistern d is to be
raised, so that the water may flow therefrom into the trough a till the bags
are immersed in the water. On the press being put in motion, the fluid oil or
fat expressed will rise to the surface of the water, and may be skimmed off*
therefrom or may remain till the pressing is complete, and it may then be run
off from the trough a into the cistern or vessel d, and be removed therefrom
by skimming or otherwise whilst the bags are being removed and the trough a
recharged with other bags and plates g. In this manner it will be seen that
the same water may be used over and over again, and that the heat communi-
cated to the water will require but little steam to keep up the desired tempera-
ture. I would, however, state that this using the same heated water over and
over again is not essential, though economical, for it will be evident that fresh
water may be used for each time of charging and working the press; neither

page_text: is it essential that the water in all cases should be heated; on the contrary, it
may be used cold where cold pressing is desired.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I would have it understood that I make no claim to any
of the parts separately, nor do I confine myself to the details herein described,
so long as the pressing such matters when immersed in water is retained; but
what I claim is, the subjecting fatty and oily matters and matters containing
fats and oils to pressure immersed in water.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Childs, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Eleventh day of October, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-four.
Witness,
JNO. COOK.
JAS CHILDS. (L.S.)