IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SCREW HOOKS, CUP HOOKS, SCREW PEGS, PICTURE SCREW RINGS, TERRET RINGS, HAT, COAT, AND WARDROBE HOOKS AND PEGS, SCREW KNOBS, AND VENETIAN BLIND CORD HOLDERS, AND CORNICE POLE BRACKETS."
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Henry Richards, of Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick, and Henry Skerrett, Mechanical Engineer, of 6, Whitby Road,
King's Norton, in the County of Worcester, for an Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SCREW HOOKS, CUP HOOKS, SCREW PEGS,
PICTURE SCREW RINGS, TERRET RINGS, HAT, COAT, AND WARDROBE HOOKS
AND PEGS, SCREW KNOBS, AND VENETIAN BLIND CORD HOLDERS, AND CORNICE
POLE BRACKETS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Henry Richards and
Henry Skerrett at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th
February 1880.
WILLIAM HENRY RICHARDS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, and
HENRY SKERRETT, Mechanical Engineer, of 6, Whitby Road, King's Norton, in the
County of Worcester. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SCREW HOOKS,
CUP HOOKS, SCREW PEGS, PICTURE SCREW RINGS, TERRET RINGS, HAT, COAT, AND
WARDROBE HOOKS AND PEGS, SOREW KNOBS, AND VENETIAN BLIND CORD HOLDERS,
AND CORNICE POLE BRACKETS."
Our Invention consists in the manufacture of screw hooks, cup hooks, screw pegs,
picture screw rings, terret rings, hat, coat, and wardrobe hooks and pegs, screw
knobs, and Venetian blind cord holders, and cornice pole brackets, so as to produce
a clear and well finished outside part without much dressing, filing, or finishing.
First. We take a plain smooth piece of wire or tubing with its end suitably
prepared by notches or enlargement, and also a screw, and lay both in a sand or
chill mould and join them together by casting a collar around from any suitable
metal, which forms the collar, or rim, or junction of such article. The shoulder is
then dressed, and the wire end turned to any desired shape or design, or the wire
may be turned to its finished shape before it is placed in the mould, according to
convenience. When a loop is to be formed by the wire both ends are prepared by
roughing or enlargement and connected together, and also with the screw or other
part by casting the collar over the three ends.
Second. We make screw hooks, screw pegs, screw rings, and other such like
articles from one piece of metal. The enlargement or collar part is produced in dies
by pressure, which forces any part of the stem to swell out into any suitably formed

page_text: recess in such dies. The screw part is afterwards cut and the end bent to any
desired shape.
The
In such hooks as do not require the screw part to be permanently affixed thereto
the centre or other part may be flattened to receive a hole for a loose screw.
hook is prevented from turning by one or more projections which enter the
timber.
We also join the eyes of screw rings to the screw part by a closing cup or cap
(.e.), when the eye is formed by a bent piece of wire to receive the ring.
Further. In rising from sheet metal the shanks of screw rings, the lower portion
of the said shank is expanded or enlarged, against which the screw head abuts, the
expanded part being gathered in around the screw head by the dies.
In applying this part of our Invention to Venetian blind cord holders, a closing
cap is gathered upon the enlarged end of the stem of the said holder.
Where it is desired to affix screws to the face part of knobs, the sheet metal
closing cup or cap passes over the head of the screw and the rim or shoulder of the
face of the said knob.
Lastly. We also cast the collar and stem part in one piece quite straight; next,
we anneal it, then clean up the cast part which we afterwards bend to any desired
shape.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Henry Richards and Henry Skerrett in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 23rd August 1880.
WILLIAM HENRY RICHARDS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, and
HENRY SKERRETT, Mechanical Engineer, of 6, Whitby Road, King's Norton, in the
County of Worcester. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SCREW HOOKS,
CUP HOOKS, SCREW PEGS, PICTURE SCREW RINGS, TERRET RINGS, HAT, COAT, AND
WARDROBE HOOKS AND PEGS, SCREW KNOBS, AND VENETIAN BLIND-CORD HOLDERS,
AND CORNICE POLE BRACKETS."
Our Invention consists in the manufacture of screw hooks, cup hooks, screw pegs,
picture screw rings, terret rings, hat, coat, and wardrobe hooks and pegs, screw
knobs, and Venetian blind cord holders, and cornice pole brackets, so as to reduce
the cost of production in the heretofore described articles. First. We take a piece
of wire or tubing of suitable length with its end suitably prepared by notches or
by an enlargement, and also a screw having a head or notched shank; they are
then laid bead to head or shank to shank in a sand or chill mould and joined
together by casting a collar around the said heads or notched shanks of any suitable
metal, which forms the collar, or rim, or junction of any of the before described
articles. The shoulder is then dressed and the wire end bent to any desired shape,
or the wire may be bent to its finished shape before it is placed in the mould.
When a loop is to be formed by the wire both ends are prepared by roughing or
enlargements and connected together with the screw or other part by casting the
collar over the three ends. Secondly. We make screw hooks, screw pegs, screw
rings, and other such like articles from one piece of metal. The enlargement or
collar part is produced by tools and dies by pressure, which forces part of the stem
out into any suitably formed recess in such dies, commonly called upsetting. The
screw part is afterwards cut and the end bent to any desired shape. In such hooks
as do not require the screw part to be permanently affixed thereto the centre or
other part may be flattened to receive a hole for a loose screw. The hook is
prevented from turning by fixed pins. We also join the eyes of the screw rings to
the screw part by a closing cup or cap (i.e.), when the eye is formed by a bent
piece of wire to receive the ring. Further. In raising from sheet metal the shanks
of screw rings, the lower portion of the said shank is expanded or enlarged, against
which the screw head abuts, the expanded part being gathered in around the screw
head by the closing and shaping dies. In applying this part of our Invention to
Venetian blind cord holders a closing cap is gathered upon the enlarged end of the
stem of the said holder. Where it is desired to affix screws to the face part of the
knobs, the sheet metal closing cup or cap passes over the head of the screw and the
rim or shoulder of the face of the said knob. Lastly. I also cast the collar and
stem part in one piece quite straight, next I anneal it, then clean up the cast part,
which I afterwards bend to any desired shape.
We will now proceed to describe with reference to the accompanying Drawings
the manner in which our Invention may be performed. Figure 1 represents in
elevation-section and part separately a straight hook made according to the first
part of our Invention, in which the head a of the hook part made from wire is
connected to the head b of the screw by an annular ring on shoulder c cast around
the said heads, in order that the parts may be rigidly connected together; the head
of the screw and also the head of the hook part may be chequered or milled; d is
the hook bent from the straight wire e; f is the screw. The cast collar or shoulder

page_text: may be dressed in a lathe or by dies and pressure. Figure 2 represents an elevation
and section of a curved hook made as before described. Figure represents a
section of a hook and parts separately, in which the terminal parts of the wire to
form the hook and shank of the screw are notched. a is the notch in the hook
part, and 6 is the notch in the shank of the screw; c is the cast shoulder, or the
shoulder when cast in iron may have a sheet brass covering d, as represented in
Figure 4; Figure represents a coat or other book, and Figure 6 a cornice pole
bracket in which the hook is formed from metal tubing, in which the terminal part
e is turned up as represented; Figure 7 represents a picture ring, in which the
enlarged terminations of the wire a and screw b are connected together to form a
screw ring by the cast collar c; Figure 8 represents the same with a conical shoulder
applicable as a stair eye ring; Figure 9 represents the same as Figure 7 and 8,
excepting that the eye is formed from a loop as represented; Figure 10 represents
a section of a screw ring and also the eye of the said ring cut from sheet metal;
in Figure 11 the screw head may be soldered to the cast stem or eye; Figure 12
represents a Venetian blind cord holder made as before described in the case of a
screw hook; Figure 13 represents a terret ring, and Figure 14 a hat peg, in which
the enlarged ends are connected together by a cast boss a, a; Figure 14 A shows a
screw hook cast in the straight to facilitate the dressing thereof. a is one form,
and b another form in which we carry our Invention into effect; c, c, are the
screws cast in the bosses d, d, when the stems have been dressed in a lathe, or by
rotary cutters or otherwise; after the screw pegs have been annealed they are bent
into any desired form, or the screw may be affixed to the shank of the stem by
pressing the metal e around the head of the screw by the tool f, as represented in
Figure 15. Figure 16 represents a clothes hook in which a single screw affixes the
said hook to a door or other articles; the hole for the screw is shown at a; the pegs
b, b, prevent the hook rotating on the screw when the screw is drawn home through
the hole a. Figures 17 and 18 represent dies and tools for producing a shoulder or
annular enlargement upon the wire a, Figure 19. The wire a, Figure 19, is placed
in the die a¹, Figure 17, and by the descent of the upper tool 6¹ the wire a is
upset or forced into the cavity c¹ in the lower die, as represented in Figure 18. b is
the shoulder of the intended hook or screw ring; the part b is then wormed, as
represented at d; the shank a may either be bent into the forms e orf; g is the
shank of a screw ring formed in the same way as the before described hook, excepting
that the shank n requires to be drilled for the passage of the ring as represented.
Figure 20 represents a number of single and duplex screw hooks and screw eyes,
in which the enlarged terminal part or parts of the wire or tubes constituting
the said hooks or eyes, and also the screw heads, are connected or affixed together,
as represented, by a sheet metal closing cap or cup closed upon the combined heads
by closing and shaping tools. a, a, a, a, represent the eyes of the said screw rings,
and b, b, b, b, represent the closing cups or caps; c, c, c, c, are the screw heads of the
said screw rings, and represents the wire or loops of the duplex hooks; e represents
a hook cut from flat sheet metal; Figures 21 and 22 represent the before described
screw eyes applied as represented in said Figures. Figure 23 represents sections,
elevation, and plan of a picture screw ring, in which the shank or stem part con-
stituting the eye of the screw ring is raised from sheet metal by the processes
represented in Figure 24, in which the disc a is raised successively into the forms b,
C, and d, as represented; the screw e is placed within the shell d, as shown, and
by closing and shaping tools the sides and shoulder of the enlarged part of the
said shell is closed upon the screw head, as represented in the sectional views of
Figure 23. Figure 25 represents a filling in piece to prevent the metal shell ripping
when it is required to carry a great weight, or the shell part may be flattened,
as represented in Figure 26; in Figure 27 the ring passes both through the prolonged
screw and through the shell or shank of the eye. Figure 25 A represents a coffin
or door plate screw peg made according to the method represented in Figures 23

page_text: and 24, excepting that the ring is dispensed with; the dome part of the said
Figure 25 A is nicked to facilitate the driving home of the said screw peg. Figure 28
shows the same principle as in Figures 23 and 24 applied as a duplex screw hook.
Figure 29 represents a screw hook formed from metal tubing; the end of the said
tubing, as represented, is by shaping and raising tools cupped or enlarged, and by
closing tools the enlarged part is gathered in upon the head of the screw as repre-
sented. Figure 30 shows the end of the tube turned up to form a shoulder in the
case of a cup hook. Figure 31 represents a terret ring, in which the shank is
formed and closed upon the screw head as described and represented in Figures
23, 24, 25, 26, and 27; or instead of the ring a being loose it may be made rigid
with or affixed to the shank b by soldering or otherwise. Figure 32 represents the
same principle as in Figures 23 and 24 applied to a coat hook; the tubing con-
stituting the said hook may be affixed to the shank part by soldering or by
pressure. Figure 33 represents the hook tube affixed to the shank by flattening
the shank and hook tube as represented. Figure 32 A represents a school hat or
coat hook made of wire, that is, made of a continuous length of wire, the ends
meeting in the central boss; the flattening of wire at b, b, b, is affected after the
wire has been passed through, as shown; the top of the boss or dome is then flattened,
at the same time flattening the wire in the inside thereof, and affixing it tightly
therein.
Figure 34 shows a coat hook affixed to the screw by an eyelet; as represented a
is the eyelet Figures 35 and 36 show cornice pole brackets; in the parts are
connected together closing cups or discs closed as represented.
In Figures 37 and 38 the large affixing screws are dispensed with.
Figures 39 and 40 show other forms of cornice pole brackets made from strips
of sheet metal or wire closed and affixed as represented.
Figures 41 and 42 are Venetian blind cord holders which are formed and con-
nected together by closing cups, as represented; and Figure 43 represents the same,
in which the long closed tubular blank a is shaped by dies and pressure into the
form represented at b; c is a section of the complete Venetian blind cord holder.
Figure 44 represents a Venetian blind cord holder in which the parts are connected
together by an eyelet as represented.
Figure 45 represents the affixing of screws to the knob represented by a closing
cup a.
Having now described the nature of our Invention, and the manner in which the
same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I do not limit myself
to the precise details herein before mentioned and illustrated, as the same may be
varied without departing from the nature of our Invention.
But we claim as our Invention,-
First. The improvements in the manufacture of screw, cup hooks, screw pegs,
picture screw rings, terret rings, hat, coat, wardrobe hooks and pegs, screw knobs,
Venetian blind cord holders, and cornice pole brackets, herein before described with
reference to Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14 of the accom-
panying Drawings, that is to say, forming the parts as described and represented,
and affixing the said parts together, as described and represented, by a cast collar
or ring in the manner hereinbefore described and illustrated.
Secondly. The improvements in the production of screw hooks, as described and
illustrated in Figures 14, 15, and 16.
Thirdly. The improvements in the manufacture of screw hooks and screw rings,
as described and represented in Figures 17, 18, and 19 of the accompanying
Drawing, that is to say, forming the shoulder by upsetting, as described and
illustrated.
Fourthly. The improvements in the manufacture of screw hooks, cup hooks,
screw pegs, picture screw rings, terret rings, hat, coat, and wardrobe hooks and

page_text: pegs, screw knobs, Venetian blind cord holders, and cornice pole brackets, herein-
before described and illustrated in Figures 20 to 45, both inclusive, of the
accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, we, the said William Henry Richards and Henry Skerrett,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twentieth day of August, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty.
Witnessed by
GEORGE BARKER,
WILLIAM HENRY KICHARDS
HENRY SKERRETT.
Consulting Engineer & Patent Agent,
77, Colmore Row,
Birmingham.
(L.S.)
(LS.)