Improvements in Dynamo Electric Machines.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 12th Apr., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 12th Feb., 1891-Accepted, 14th Mar., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Dynamo Electric Machines.
WALTER EMMOTT and JOHN HALL RIDER, both of Square Road, Halifax,
Electrical Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in the armatures of dynamo electric
machines and more particularly in those used for the production of alternating
currents whereby the efficiency of the machine is greatly increased.
In carrying out this invention we employ an iron core of the ring or drum type
built up in the usual way of either iron wire or iron discs and mounted in a suitable
manner upon the driving spindle. The conductors are wound on the outside or
inside only of the armature so that either a ring or drum core may be used.
The usual method of winding armatures of this class is to form the conductors
into flat coils which are laid side by side upon the surface of the core and parallel
to the driving spindle the coils being afterwards connected together in the usual
manner. In this invention however a number of conductors are taken and laid side
by side upon the outside of the armature in a direction parallel to the spindle.
They are then bent under an insulating piece on the end plate of the armature and
returned on the outside of the armature parallel and near to the first set. They are
then bent under a similar insulating piece on the other end plate and returned as
before.
This process is continued until the winding is completed, the bands of conductors
forming in plan a sinuous curve, there being as many bands as there are magnetic
poles. The various ends of the conductors are brought out near each other on one
side of the armature and are then connected as may be desired the final ends being
carried to collecting rings in the usual manner. The spaces between the windings on
the periphery may be filled in by suitable non-conducting material and the whole is
then secured by wire bindings.
Or in place of a number of separate conductors lying side by side which may
afterwards be connected as desired, one single conductor may be used such conductor
being laid on the armature core as before described and carried round it as many
times as may be necessary the two ends being afterwards connected to collecting
rings in the usual manner.
Or instead of winding the conductors directly on the armature core as described
they may be formed into the sinuous shape on special formers then laid round the
outside of the armature and the end loops pressed over the end plates of the arma-
ture and there secured by insulating material.
It will be seen that if when the winding is complete the core be removed and the
conductors pulled straight they will resolve themselves into one continuous ring.
An armature built up as before described will when rotated within a ring of
alternate N and S magnet poles have induced in its conductors currents in alternate
directions the magnetic lines of force passing from one pole into the iron of the
armature and out again to the nearest pole of opposite sign.
Instead of placing the conductors on the outside of the armature core and
revolving the same within a ring of alternate N and S magnet poles the conductors
may be placed on the inside of a ring core and the magnet poles revolved in the
interior thus exactly reversing the arrangement first described.
Or in any of the before mentioned arrangements the magnets or the armature
may be rotated or both may be rotated in opposite directions.
Dated this 11th day of April 1890
WALTER EMMOTT.
JOHN H. RIDER.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Dynamo Electric Machines.
We, WALTER EMMOTT, Electric Engineer, and JOHN HALL RIDER,
Electrician, both of the Northern Telegraph Work, Halifax, in the County of York,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
This invention relates to improvements in the armatures of dynamo electric
machines used for the production of alternating currents, whereby the efficiency
of the machine is greatly increased and the method of manufacture much
simplified.
In carrying out this invention we may employ either a rotating armature with
a fixed field, or a fixed armature with a rotating field, or the armature and field
magnets may both rotate in opposite directions. When a rotating armature is
used we employ an iron core of the ring or drum type, built up in the usual
way of either iron wire or iron discs and mounted in a suitable manner upon
the driving spindle. The conductors are wound on the outside only of the arma-
ture so that cither a drum or ring core may be used.
The usual method of winding armatures of this class is to form the conductors
into Hat coils which are laid side by side upon the surface of the core, and
parallel to the driving spindle, the coils being afterwards connected together as
may be desired.
In this invention however, a number of conductors are taken
and laid side by side upon the surface of the armature in a direction parallel
to the spindle. They are then bent under an insulated piece on the end plate of
the armature and returned on the outside of the armature parallel and near to
the first set. They are then bent under a similar insulated piece on the other
end plate and returned as before.
This process is continued until the winding is completed, the bands of conductors
forming in plan a sinuous curve, there being as many bands as there are magnetic
poles in the field.
The various ends of the conductors are brought out near each other on one
side of the armature and are then connected as may be desired, the final ends being
carried to collecting rings in the usual manner. The spaces between the windings
on the periphery of the armature may be filled in with suitable non-conducting
material, and the whole then secured by wire bindings.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 of the accompanying drawings shows an end view (part section) of a
dynamo electric machine, constructed in accordance with this invention, and Fig. 2,
a plan of the armature.
The reference letters are the same in the various figures.
A represents the armature core, and B the conductors laid upon its surface.
The conductors are bent round insulated pieces C. C. on the end plate and return on
the surface of the core to the other end plate. There the process is repeated as
shown in Fig. 2. To make the illustration clearer, the conductors are shown at D
Fig. 2, standing straight out instead of being bent to the face of the end plate. The
conductors in Fig. 1, are connected in series at E, the two resultant ends being
carried to the collecting rings F. G. Fig. 2, which are mounted on the driving
shaft X. Instead of being joined in series the conductors may be coupled in any
desired way to produce different degrees of electro motive force.
Instead of bending the conductors over the end plates of the armature as in
Figs. 1, and 2, they may be laid wholly upon the face of the armature as shown in
Fig. 3.
In this case the parts of the armature core lying outside the lines H and J,
may be made of non-magnetic material.
An armature built up in either of the before described manners, will, when

page_text: rotated within a ring of alternate N and S poles have induced in its conductors
currents in alternate directions. A suitable magnetic system is shown in Fig. 1,
where K. K. represent the exciting coils placed upon the magnet poles. In
Figs. 2, and 3, a side view of part of one of the magnet poles is also shown at K.
Instead of placing the conductors on the outside of the armature core and
revolving the same within a system of field magnets, the conductors may be placed
on the inside of a ring core with their bends on the end plates of the armature, and
the magnet poles revolved in the interior.
Fig. 4 shows an end view (part section) of a dynamo electric machine, and Fig. 5,
a cross section of the armature parallel to the shaft in this arrangement.
A represents the armature core. B the conductors, and K. K. the exciting coils
on the revolving field magnets. Or in this arrangement the conductors may be laid
wholly upon the interior surface of the armature core, exactly reversing the plan
shown in Fig. 3. In these arrangements the armature conductors after being
coupled as may be desired, would be terminated at fixed binding posts as L. L.
Fig. 4, and the exciting coils on the field magnets joined to a revolving collector.
In any of the before mentioned arrangements instead of using a number of
separate conductors lying side by side, which may afterwards be connected as desired,
one single conductor may be used, such conductor being laid on the armature core
as before described, and carried round it as many times as may be necessary, the
two ends being afterwards joined to the usual collecting rings or binding posts as may
be required.
Or instead of winding the conductor or conductors directly on the armature core
as described they may be formed by special formers into the sinuous shape as shown
in Fig. 6 (which represents a portion of the conductors) and then laid on the
armature core and secured and connected as before described.
The necessary bindings for holding the armature conductors in place as well as the
insulating distance pieces which may be placed between the various bands are omitted
in the drawings for the sake of clearness.
Although as shown there is only one layer of conductors on the armature, yet
more than one layer may be used if desired, the number depending entirely on the
size of the conductor used and the desired out-put.
It will be seen from Fig. 6 which represents the theoretical form of the winding
that if the amature core be removed the conductors may be pulled straight.
The sinuous winding as before described may efficiently be arranged to only fill
half the available space on the surface of the armature. If desired a second
winding similar to the first may be laid in the spaces left on the armature core, the
bends crossing over those of the first winding at the ends of the armature, and the
ends of the conductors carried to a second set of collecting rings or binding posts.
The currents generated in this second winding may conveniently be used to
feed a separate supply circuit independently of the currents generated in the first
winding.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is:-
1. In an alternating current dynamo machine with a revolving armature of the
drum or ring type one or more conductors of sinuous form with their parallel bands
laid upon the surface of the armature core and their bends laid upon the end plates
of the armature core, substantially as described and illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2 of
the accompanying drawings.
2. In an alternating current dynamo machine with a revolving armature of the
drum or ring type, one or more conductors of sinuous form wholly laid the face
upon
of the armature core substantially as described and illustrated in Fig. 3, of the
accompanying drawings.
3. In an alternating current dynamo machine with a fixed armature of the ring type,
one or more conductors of sinuous form with their parallel bands laid upon the interior

page_text: surface of the armature core, and their bends laid on the end plates of the armature
core substantially as described and illustrated in Figs. 4 and 5 of the accompanying
drawings.
4. In an alternating current dynamo machine with a fixed armature of the ring
type, one or more conductors of sinuous form wholly laid upon the interior surface
of the armature core substantially as described.
5. In an alternating current dynamo machine an armature wound with two distinct
sets of sinuous windings, the one lying upon the armature in the spaces between the
parallel bands of the other, and the bends of the one crossing the bends of the other,
substantially as described.
7731
1 1
C1
1001
JOHN E. WALSH,
Crossley Street, Halifax, Agent for the Applicants.