Carriages, Bicycles, and other Vehicles.
Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 10th Sep., 1886.
Complete Left, 28th May, 1887.
Complete Accepted, 1st July, 1887.
Carriages, Bicycles, and other Vehicles.
We, WILLIAM HILLMAN, WILLIAM HENRY HERBERT, and GEORGE BEVERLEY
COOPER all of the Premier Works, Coventry in the County of Warwick, Bicycle
Manufacturers, ROBERT ARNOLD DALTON of the Quadrant, Coventry, aforesaid,
Gentleman, GEORGE FRANCIS TWIST, of Keresley near Coventry aforesaid, Gentleman,
and ALEXANDER ROTHERHAM of Coundon Hall near Coventry, aforesaid, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The invention relates to a novel construction of wheel, whereby we obtain great
strength and lightness combined with a more solid appearance than that which
characterizes the ordinary suspension wheel formed with wire spokes.
In carrying the invention into effect we employ a metal hub, hollow iron or steel
spokes and a metal or wood rim or felloe, but instead of fitting together such parts in
the manner heretofore adopted, we according to the present invention employ the
following method.
We form the hub with a number of slightly conical cavities or sockets to receive
the ends of the spokes which are formed of a corresponding shape but to fit tightly
such sockets or cavities.
The ends of the spokes to fit into the hub are, when using light spokes, made hot
and are then driven into a die of suitable form and size to produce the desired shape
and to ensure uniformity. When using heavy tubing for the spokes we shape the
ends thereof by turning. The outer ends of the spokes are provided with sockets or
lugs of suitable shape to receive the rim or felloe.
After the hub and spokes are suitably shaped and fitted, the spokes are fixed in
position by driving them into the sockets or cavities formed in the hub after which
the metal rim or felloe which is in one piece, but previous to having its ends brazed
is placed in the sockets or lugs at the outer ends of the spokes and is pinned or other-
wise fastened to such sockets or lugs with the exception of about four adjoining each
other and nearest to the ends of the rim or felloe, the latter are then brazed together
after which the remaining spokes are fixed to the rim or felloe. We also in connecting

page_text: the sockets or lugs of the spokes to the rim or felloe, begin by connecting that which
is opposite to the opening in the rim or felloe and then we connect one on each side
thereof alternately until all but about four are so connected with the rim or felloe as
before stated. This method of working gradually brings the ends of the rim or felloe
closer together until at last they are brought into proper relation to each other for the
brazing process. The reason for joining the ends of the rim or felloe before fixing
the last few spokes thereto is, that if the contrary course were adopted the rim or
felloe on having its ends brazed together would through expansion produced by the
brazing process become distorted but by leaving a few spokes unconnected with the
rim or felloe until the ends of the latter are brazed together, we leave a sufficient
length of the rim or felloe free to permit of the expansion thereof taking place without
producing distortion.
The wheel when the rim or felloe is of metal is provided with a rubber tyre fitting
the same in the manner usually adopted in the manufacture of wheels for bicycles
and tricycles.
In some cases a wooden rim in one continuous piece would be used instead of one
made of metal, in this case the lugs on the outer ends of the spokes would be suitably
shaped to receive the rim or felloe and the said lugs would be bolted or rivetted
thereto.
The said wooden rim or felloe is provided with a metal or rubber tyre as may be
desired.
WILLIAM HILLMAN.
WILLIAM HENRY HERBERT.
GEO. B. COOPER.
R. A. DALTON.
G. F. TWIST.

page_text: Carriages, Bicycles, and other Vehicles.
We, WILLIAM HILLMAN, WILLIAM HENRY HERBERT and GEORGE BEVERLEY
COOPER all of the Premier Works Coventry in the County of Warwick, Bicycle
Manufacturers, ROBERT ARNOLD DALTON of the Quadrant, Coventry aforesaid,
Gentleman GEORGE FRANCIS TWIST of Keresley near Coventry aforesaid, Gentleman
and ALEXANDER ROTHERHAM of Coundon Hall near Coventry aforesaid, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
:-
The invention relates to a novel construction of wheel whereby we obtain great
strength and lightness combined with a more solid appearance than that which
characterizes the ordinary suspension wheel formed with wire spokes.
In carrying the invention into effect we employ a metal hub, hollow iron or steel
spokes and a metal or wood rim or felloe but instead of fitting together such parts in
the manner heretofore adopted we according to the present invention employ the
following method.
We form the hub with a number of slightly conical cavities or sockets to receive the
ends of the spokes which are formed of a corresponding shape but to fit tightly
such sockets or cavities.
The ends of the spokes to fit into the hub are when using light spokes, made hot
and are then driven into a die of suitable form and size to produce the desired shape
and to ensure uniformity. When using heavy tubing for the spokes we shape the
ends thereof by turning. The outer ends of the spokes are provided with sockets or
lugs of suitable shape to receive the rim or felloe.
After the hub and spokes are suitably shaped and fitted, the spokes are fixed in
position by driving them into the sockets or cavities formed in the hub after which
the metal rim or felloe which is in one piece but previous to having its end brazed, is
placed in the sockets or lugs at the outer ends of the spokes and is pinned or otherwise
fastened to such sockets or lugs with the exception of about four adjoining each other
and nearest to the ends of the rim or felloe, the latter are then brazed together after
which the remaining spokes are fixed to the rim or felloe. We also in connecting the
sockets or lugs of the spokes to the rim or felloe begin by connecting that which is
opposite to the opening in the rim or felloe and then we connect one on each side
thereof alternately until all but about four are so connected with the rim or felloe as
before stated. This method of working gradually brings the ends of the rim or felloe
closer together until at last they are brought into proper relation to each other for the
brazing process.
The wheel when the rim or felloe is of metal is provided with a rubber tyre fitting
the same in the manner usually adopted in the manufacture of wheels for bicycles and
ricycles.
In some cases a wooden rim in one continuous piece would be used instead of or in

page_text: το μον
found most suitable to the particular construction of wheel.
And in order that the said invention may be more clearly understood and readily
carried into effect we will proceed aided by the accompanying drawings more fully to
describe the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is a vertical cross section and Figure 2 is a side elevation of parts of a
wheel constructed according to the invention. Figures 3, 4, 5 and 6 represent slight
modifications.
In all the figures like parts are indicated by similar letters of reference.
с
In carrying the invention into effect we employ a metal hub a hollow iron or steel
spokes b, and a metal or wood rim or felloe c but instead of fitting together such parts in
the manner heretofore adopted we according to the present invention employ the
following method.
We form the hub a with a number of conical cavities or sockets a¹ to receivehtly
ends 6' of the spokes b which are formed of a corresponding shape but to fit tightly
such sockets or cavities a'.
The ends of the spokes bare when using light spokes made hot and are then
driven into a die of suitable form and size to produce the desired shape and to ensure
uniformity. When using heavy tubing for the spokes b we shape the ends thereof by
turning being careful to make them as far as possible alike in shape and size. The
outer ends of the spokes are provided with sockets or lugs 62 of suitable shape to
receive the rim or felloe c and such sockets or lugs 62 are fixed to the spokes by
brazing.
b
After the hub a and spokes b are suitably shaped and fitted the spokes b are fixed
in position by driving them into the sockets or cavities a¹ formed in the hub a after
which the metal rim or felloe c which is in one piece but previous to having its ends
brazed is placed in the sockets or lugs 62 and is pinned or otherwise fastened to such
sockets or lugs 62 with the exception of about four adjoining each other and nearest to
the ends of the rim or felloe e the latter are then brazed together after which the
remaining spokes are fixed to the rim or felloe c. We also in connecting the sockets
or lugs to the rim or felloe begin by connecting that which is opposite or most
nearly opposite to the opening in the rim or felloe c and then we connect one on each
side thereof alternately until all but about four are so connected with the rim or felloe
as before stated.
This method of working gradually brings the ends of the rim or felloe closer
together until at last they are brought into proper relation to each other for the
brazing process. The reason for joining the ends of the rim or felloe c before fixing
the last few spokes thereto is that if the contrary course were adopted the rim or
felloe on having its ends brazed together would through expansion produced by the
brazing process become distorted but by leaving a few spokes unconnected with the
rim or felloe until the ends of the latter are brazed together we have a sufficient
length of the rim or felloe free to permit of the expansion thereof taking place without
distortion.
The wheel when only a metal rim or felloe is employed is provided with a rubber
tyre d fitting the same as shown at Figures 1 and 2, in the manner usually adopted in
the manufacture of wheels for bicycles and tricycles.
In the modifications shown at Figures 3 and 4 the conical ends b' of the spokes are
strengthened by solid metal plugs brazed therein. In the modification represented
in Figure 3 the said plug 63 extends beyond the end of the spoke which abuts against
an enlargement on said plug and the latter is shaped to fit the sockets or cavities a¹.
In the modification represented at Figure 4 the said plug 63 is completely covered
by the tubular spoke and the latter has its ends shaped to fit the sockets or cavities a¹.

page_text: In some cases a wooden rim or felloe c* in one continuous piece would be used
instead of one made of metal. Figure 5 represents one method of carrying this into
effect. In this case the lugs 62 are suitably shaped to receive the rim or felloe c* and
the said lugs 62 are either bolted thereto as shown by the dotted lines or are rivetted
thereto as will be well understood, d* is a metal tyre fixed to the felloe c*.
In the modification shown at Figure 6 the wheel is constructed in a generally
similar manner to that shown at Figures 1 and 2 except that the lugs or sockets 6²
instead of being formed with plugs to enter the ends of the spokes are formed with
sockets to fit on the outsides thereof and instead of fitting a rubber tyre d into the
felloe c a wooden felloe c* is fixed in the metal rim or felloe c and a rubber or metal
tyre d is fixed on the outside of the wood felloe c*. By fitting a wooden felloe c*
within a grooved metal felloe or rim c as shown at Figure 6 the wooden felloe c* is
more securely kept in position.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we claim is:-
1. The manufacture or construction of wheels in the manner herein shown and
described.
2. In a wheel formed with metal hub, hollow metal spokes and continuous metal
rim, the method of fitting the spokes in the hub, of connecting the spokes by lugs or
sockets to the rim and connecting the rim to the spokes and brazing the two ends of
the rim in the order substantially as herein shown and described and for the purpose
stated.
3. In a wheel formed with metal hub, hollow metal spokes and continuous wooden
felloe the method of connecting the latter to the spokes substantially as herein shown
and described with respect to Figure 5.
WILLIAM HILLMAN.
WILLIAM HENRY HERBERT.
GEORGE BEVERLEY COOPER.
ROBERT ARNOLD DALTON.
GEORGE FRANCIS TWIST.
ALEXANDER ROTHERHAM.
R Hair & Mill