Improvements in Carburetting Apparatus.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 16th Feb., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 14th Nov., 1895-Accepted, 15th Feb., 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Carburetting Apparatus.
We, DAVID HANCOCK, Gas Engineer, of 50 West Ham Lane, JOHN BELL
CRAIG, Candle Maker, of 3 Hotham Street, and ALFRED HEARN HANCOCK,
Scenic Artist, of 50 West Ham Lane, all of Stratford in the County of London,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The object of this invention is the production of improved apparatus for
rendering air suitable for being burnt as a heat producing medium for various
purposes, but more especially for incandescent lighting, by carburetting the air
with the vapor of mineral oils or spirits.
With this object and according to our invention we provide means for forcing
atmospheric air previously warmed or brought to a proper temperature, such
means as for example, a fan, or pump, working in conjunction as hereafter described
with a container for mineral oils or spirits, which latter are automatically delivered,
in quantities properly proportional to the volume of air supplied by the pump to a
saturator or carburetter adapted to cause the air to be carburetted and from which
the carburetted air is delivered to a reservoir, sufficiently carburetted to be
advantageously used for heating purposes, particularly for use with non-atmospheric
burners for incandescent lighting.
We will now describe a construction and arrangement of such an apparatus.
We provide an air pump or equivalent which may be double acting and is operated
from a shaft rotated by a suitable motor or by hand. From this shaft motion is
communicated by pulleys or the like to a hollow spindle passing through a closed
container supplied with a regulated quantity of mineral oil or spirit; this supply
is automatically maintained at a constant level from the supply reservoir, the said
supply being controlled by a ball valve, or on the principle of the "bird fountain."
Radially upon the hollow spindle are located a number of tubes, the interior ends
communicating with the interior of the spindle while the exterior ends are bent or
formed with cup shaped ends, the liquid level being such that the cups dip therein
at one part of their revolution carrying the fluid into the interior of the spindle
from whence it is delivered into a supply tube. This tube extends downwards
before being bent upwards and entering the saturator, in order that a sufficient
head of liquid may be maintained to prevent back pressure on the air; the liquid
supply tube then enters the upper part of the saturator, being provided with a rose
for finely dividing the supply.
The air supply from the pump is passed into a heating apparatus, say a gas
heated apparatus of any suitable construction, from which it is conducted (at a
proper temperature) to the saturator into which it is conducted preferably by au
annular passage around the liquid supply tube.
The spray of liquid (mineral oil, or spirit, or a combination) descends within an
inner chamber of the saturator loosely packed with fibrous material (such as horse-
hair) through which the air passes with such a proportion of liquid as will be
taken up and absorbed by the air. By combining and connecting the action of
the air pump with the liquid container we are enabled to maintain the proper
proportions of the air and liquid, whatever varying velocity of motion is given to
these devices.
After passing downwards through the inner chamber of the saturator the air
(now saturated with carbon) is caused to ascend through an outer surrounding
chamber which is loosely packed with say coke or some heat retaining substance

page_text: and is delivered from near the top into a pipe passing downwards through the coke
and into a collecting chamber where any liquid which might possibly be unabsorbed
would be deposited. From this collecting chamber the now carburetted air is
delivered to a reservoir for use.
Instead of atmospheric air the pump may supply gas or gas mixed with a
When employed for heating purposes as for
proportion of air for carburization.
incandescent lighting the mineral oil supplied, as is well known, would not be in
such large quantities as if the carburetted air or gas was intended for direct
illumination.
_ When it may be considered necessary or desirable to carburet air with coal gas
we may attach a gas pipe to the suction pipe of the pump regulated with a tap or
valve, the gas pipe obtaining its supply from a small holder or reservoir kept
supplied from the gas main.
It will be observed that when thus carburetting air with coal gas we disconnect
the container.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Carburetting Apparatus.
We, DAVID HANCOCK, Gas Engineer, of 50 West Ham Lane, JOHN BELL
CRAIG, Candle Maker of 3 Hotham Street, and ALFRED HEARN HANCOCK,
Scenic Artist, of 50 West Ham Lane, all of Stratford in the County of London
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
The object of this invention is the production of improved apparatus for
rendering air suitable for being burnt as a heat producing medium for various
purposes, but more especially for incandescent lighting, by carburetting the air
with the vapor of mineral oils or spirits.
With this object and according to our invention we provide means for forcing
atmospheric air previously warmed or brought to a proper temperature, such
means as for example, a fan, or pump, working in conjunction as hereafter described
with a container for mineral oils or spirits, which latter are automatically delivered,
in quantities properly proportional to the volume of air supplied by the pump to a
saturator or carburetter adapted to cause the air to be carburetted and from which
the carburetted air is delivered to a reservoir, sufficiently carburetted to be
advantageously used for heating purposes, particularly for use with non-atmospheric
burners for incandescent lighting for example for such burners as are illustrated in
the Specification of Patent 1238" and Patent Application No. 3424 of even date
with this.
We will now describe a construction and arrangement of such an apparatus
according to our invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Figure 1 being a diagram perspective view shewing the several parts composing
the complete apparatus collected together and suitably connected.
Figure 2 is a vertical longitudinal section and Figure 3 a transverse section of
the container or apparatus for delivering a regulated quantity of spirit, the views
shewing the apparatus detached and drawn to a larger scale than the previous
figure.
Figure 4 is a longitudinal section and Figure 5 a transverse section shewing a
modified construction of hollow shaft for such a spirit supply apparatus as is shewn
at Fic 2 and 4

page_text: Figure 6 is a vertical section of the saturator or carburetter detached and drawn
to a larger scale than at Figure 1 and Figure 7 is a similar view shewing the
saturator combined with the air heating apparatus.
Referring to Figure 1, we provide an air pump or equivalent A which may be
double acting and is operated from a shaft B rotated by a suitable motor or by
hand and connected with the pump by say crank B' and connecting roi C. From
this shaft, motion is communicated by pulleys D or the like to a hollow spindle E
(shewn at Figs. 2 and 3 and hereafter referred to) passing through a closed
container F supplied with a regulated quantity of mineral oil or spirit; this supply
is automatically maintained at a constant level from a supply reservoir G, Fig. 1,
the said supply being controlled by say a ball valve, or on the principle of the
"bird fountain."
The general arrangement of the spirit container F and its hollow spindle E is
best seen at Figs. 2 and 3 of the drawings where it will be observed that radially
upon the said hollow spindle E are located a number of tubes E' the interior ends
communicating with and somewhat projecting into the interior of the spindle E
while the exterior ends are bent or formed with cup shaped terminations E², the
liquid level being such that the cups dip therein at one part of their revolution
carrying the fluid into the interior of the spindle E from whence it is delivered
into a supply tube, the interior projecting ends of the tubes E preventing the liquid
brought by one tube returning by another tube. Generally and particularly when
the gas is to be employed for incandescent lighting it is desirable that but a small
quantity of spirit should be supplied by the tube Es, but such a supply should be
constant and regular, and to this end I sometimes construct the spindle E as shewn
at Figures 4 and 5 where each tube E¹ passes into the hollow spindle and is there
bent, extending continuously, until it reaches the end of the spindle E, whereby
the small quantity of spirit taken by each tube is separately delivered to the down
supply pipe E and does not encounter any obstruction to its regular delivery.
The supply or down tube E³ from the spirit container F extends downwards see
Figure 1, before being again bent upwards and finally entering the saturator A,
in order that a sufficient head of liquid may be maintained to prevent back pressure
of the air materially affecting same; the liquid supply tube E3 then enters the
upper part of the saturator H being generally provided with a rose E5 (as shewn
on the detached drawing Fig. 6 of the saturator H) for finely dividing the supply.
E+ Figure 1 is a guage glass.
The air supply from the pump A is passed by the tube A¹ Figure 1 into a
suitable heating apparatus J say a gas heated apparatus of any suitable construction,
from which it is conducted by a tube Ji (at a proper temperature) to the
saturator H into which it is conducted preferably by an annular passage Ja around
the liquid supply tube.
Referring more particularly to Figure 6 the spray of liquid (mineral oil or
spirit, or a combination) descends within an inner chamber H₁ of the saturator H
loosely packed with fibrous material (such as horsehair) through which the air
passes with such a proper proportion of liquid as will be taken up and absorbed by
the air. By combining and connecting the action of the air pump A with the
liquid container F, as for example has been shewn, we are enabled to maintain the
proper proportions of the air and liquid, whatever varying velocity of motion is
given to these devices. After passing downwards through the inner chamber H¹
of the saturator the air (now saturated with carbon) is caused to ascend by
apertures or perforators H¹×, through an outer surrounding chamber H2 which is
loosely packed with say coke or some heat retaining substance and is delivered
from near the top into a pipe H³ passing downwards through the coke and into a
collecting chamber H' where any liquid which might possibly be unabsorbed would
be deposited. From this collecting chamber the now carburetted air is delivered
by a pipe H to a reservoir K such as indicated in the diagram Figure 1. For use
as previously explained the air heating appliance may be of any suitable
construction, but at Figure 7 I have shewn the heating appliance combined with

page_text: the saturator and I have found this a convenient arrangement; the outer space J
is the combustion chamber, being fitted say with a gas burner, the products of
combustion passing off at Jx. J is the air heating chamber the air supply from
the pump A entering by the pipe A¹ and passing away by the pipe Ji to the
annular passage J2; this chamber Js may be packed with perforated fireclay balls
or nodules. H' is the inner chamber into which the spirit and air are conducted
corresponding to the similarly marked chamber at Figure 6 and from this chamber
through the lower perforations the carburetted air passes to the chamber H2 and
off by the pipe Hs, which may conduct the gas through a collecting box or chamber
before reaching the gas meter.
Instead of atmospheric air the pump A may supply gas or gas mixed with a
proportion of air for carburization. When employed for heating purposes as for
incandescent lighting the mineral oil supplied, as is well known, would not be in
such large quantities as if the carburetted air or gas was intended for direct
illumination.
When it may be considered necessary or desirable to carburet air with coal gas
we may attach a gas pipe to the suction pipe of the pump regulated with a tap or
valve, the gas pipe obtaining its supply from a small holder or reservoir kept
supplied from the gas main. It will be observed that when thus carburetting air
with coal gas we disconnect the container F.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is as follows.
1. In carburetting apparatus, a pump, fan, or the like for forcing atmospheric
air through a heating apparatus and into a saturator, in combination with a
closed container for mineral oils or spirits, and mechanical means for effecting the
automatic delivery of proper quantities of the spirit therefrom to the saturator,
together with the direct connection of the pump and spirit delivery mechanism,
whereby the proper proportioned delivery of the air and liquid is maintained,
whatever varying velocity is given to the motor or driving shaft substantially as
set forth.
2. In carburetting apparatus the closed container F for containing mineral oils
or spirit kept at a constant level from a reservoir, together with the liquid carrying
spindle E, and the dipping_tubes E', all substantially as and for the purposes
described with reference to Figures 2, 3, 4 and 5 of the accompanying drawings.
3. In carburetting apparatus, the construction and arrangement of the saturator,
either alone as at Figure 6, or combined with the air heating apparatus as at
Figure 7, all substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore described.
4. The general arrangement and combination of parts composing our improvements
in carburetting apparatus constructed and acting substantially as hereinbefore
described and illustrated with reference to Figure 1, and to the various detailed
figures of the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 14th day of November 1895.