Improvements in Refuse Furnaces.
Year: 1898

page_text: PROVISIONAL
SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Refuse Furnaces.
I, TOM WILLIAM BAKER, of 7, Broad Street House, in the City of London,
E.C., Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
:-
The object of my invention is to reduce the cost of labour in feeding stoking
and clinkering of refuse furnaces or cells at the same time to enable any quantity
of refuse to be fed mechanically on to the furnace bars as required, also to keep
the fires at their best efficiency not-with-standing the variable and constantly
changing nature generally of towns refuse, also to enable the cleaning or
clinkering of the fire to be accomplished without materially lowering the tem-
perature of the furnaces thereby.
In constructing a refuse furnace according to my invention I use what is
commonly known as a furnace cell having inclined grate bars either movable
or fixed continuing back and upwards from the end of bars is an inclined
drying hearth leading to a feeding mouth, at this mouth is a hopper in which
charges of refuse are shot by a charging wagon or cart, in order to move the
refuse on to the hearth and thence to the grate bars I use a forcing ram preferable
worked by steam or water, (but it may be worked by levers,) so that when with-
drawn the face of the ram is flush with the walls of the hopper but when put in
operation it forces the refuse gradually down the drying hearth on to the grate
bars.
Above the grate bars I place a particular formed fire-brick arch, being per-
forated by large openings towards the front or clinkering end of the furnace,
the gases from the furnace pass through these openings in the arch to the main
flue or should a steam generator be used, to its combustion chamber.
At the front or clinkering end of the refuse furnace immediately next the fire-
bars I place a trough or receptacle to catch the clinkers, the trough is inside the
furnace except having a lip or shoot projecting outside, it is covered by a con-
venient lid in such a manner that when the contents of the trough is desired
to be emptied, it is shut off from the furnace, so that no cold air is admitted.
In some instances it is preferable to feed the hopper or hoppers by charging
wagons, these wagons are made with two or more compartments having inclined
bottoms and hanging doors so that on being placed on one side of a feeding
hopper the refuse in one compartment can be shot into the hopper, within
full view of the attendant by releasing the door of that compartment.
Dated this 22nd day of January 1898.

page_text: I, TOM WILLIAM BAKER, of 7, Broad Street House, in the City of London,
E.C., Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
The object of my invention is to reduce the costs of labour in feeding stoking
and clinkering of refuse furnaces or cells at the same time to enable any quantity
of refuse to be fed mechanically on to the furnace bars as required, also to keep
the fires at their best efficiency not-with-standing the variable and constantly
changing nature generally of towns refuse, also to enable the cleaning or
clinkering of the fire to be accomplished without materially lowering the tem-
perature of the furnace thereby.
In constructing a refuse furnace according to my invention I use what is
commonly known as a furnace cell, having inclined grate bars either movable
or fixed, continuing back and upwards from the end of the bars is an inclined
drying hearth leading to a feeding mouth, at this mouth is a hopper in which
charges of refuse are shot by a charging wagon or cart. In order to move the
refuse on to the hearth and thence to the grate bars I use a forcing ram pre-
ferably worked by steam or water (but it may be worked by levers). When with-
drawn the face of the ram is flush with the walls of the hopper, but when put
in operation it forces the refuse gradually down the drying hearth. on to the
grate bars.
Above the grate bars I place a particular formed fire-brick arch, being per-
forated by large openings towards the front or clinkering end of the furnace.
The gases from the furnace pass through these openings in the arch to the main
flue, or should a steam generator be used to its combustion chamber.
At the front or clinkering end of the refuse furnace immediately next the
fire-bars, I place a trough or receptacle to catch the clinkers. The trough is
inside the furnace except having a lip or shoot projecting outside, it is covered
by a convenient lid in such a manner that when the contents of the trough, are
desired to be emptied it is shut off from the furnace so that no cold air is
admitted.
In some instances it is preferable to feed the hopper or hoppers by charging
wagons. These wagons are made with two or more compartments having in-
clined bottoms and hanging doors, so that on being placed on one side of a
feeding hopper the refuse in one compartment can be shot into the hopper
within full view of the attendant by releasing the door of that compartment.
In carrying out my said invention, and with reference to the accompanying
drawings, Fig. 1 is a cross-section and elevation of a refuse furnace or cell B,
with a marine dry backed steam generator A, superposed on, and forming a part
of the refuse furnace beneath, but having its ordinary coal fired furnaces in the
circular flues thereof, as shown at L.
The refuse is fed into the hopper from the special wagon E, or by any other
method, and is there pushed forward by the ram F, which being worked by
steam, water, or air from a cylinder G, controlled by the lever N by the attendant
at the front of the furnace. H is the drying hearth, on to which the refuse is
pushed by the ram, and from thence to the furnace bars B the resultant gases
passing through the regenerative arch C, and thence to the combustion chamber
of the steam generator O. Should however the gases be desired to be utilised

page_text: in another boiler, a flue P is arranged to conduct them to a similar space under
another steam generator, on either side as required. J is the conduit for the
air blast and I is the main flue into which the gases are taken after passing
round the outside shell of the steam generator as in ordinary use.
Fig. I also shews the end view of the special clinkering door R and trough D.
The door is of a radial section and is affixed between the sides of the furnace
the two ends sliding on small rollers projecting from the sides of the trough D
and sliding in grooves, so that when lifted from the front it slides radially
into the furnace over the clinkers in the trough to the ledge_t. It will be seen
that as the clinkers are drawn off the bars into the trough by the firing irons
passed through a small aperture over the door, the door remains closed as shewn,
but when thrown over on to the ledge the outer air is effectually shut off, while
the contents of the trough is discharged.
Fig. II shows a plan of the ram F with the steam air or water cylinder G,
having an ordinary piston and valves necessary to reciprocate the ram, and
guides to keep it in a proper position, but these may be subsituted by levers in
some instances. H is the drying hearth and B the furnace proper.
Fig. III is a side elevation of a special charging wagon, shewing the division
so that each side forms a charge of refuse for the ram, the hanging doors a, a,
being seen to be under the control of the attendant.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature, of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:-
1. The combination use and employment of a refuse furnace or cell with a
dry back marine steam generator having its ordinary furnace or furnaces and
forming the roof of the same with a feeding ram, drying hearth, and radially
sliding door substantially as set forth and described in the accompanying
drawings.
2. The combination use and employment of a refuse furnace or cell with any
steam generator and forming a part of same according to my Patent No. 21820
of 1893 having also the feeding ram, drying hearth, and sliding door substan-
tially as described in the accompanying drawings.
3. The combination use and employment of a refuse furnace or destructor
cell having affixed to the same a feeding ram drying hearth and sliding door
substantially as described in the accompanying drawings.
4. The use and employment of a charging wagon with its end doors and divi-
sion substantially as described in Figure III of the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 25th day of October 1898.