matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN SLIDE VALVES FOR STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Wesley Hackworth at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th November 1869.
I, JOHN WESLEY HACKWORTH, of Darlington Engine Works, in the
County of Durham, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SLIDE VALVES FOR STEAM ENGINES," to be as
follows:-
The object of these improvements is to obtain a large area of admission
for the induction steam when the engine is on the centre. This is
effected in one way by multiplying the lead by two or moro ports,
thereby securing a full pressure of steam on the piston at the shortest
traverse or longest grade of expansion, or by adding two or more
induction ports at each end to an ordinary valve; the principle however
of this valve is capable of being illustrated or practically carried out in
various ways.
The improvements aro further designed to carry out the same object
as the above, and in addition to vary the expansion without interfering
with the exhaust; this is accomplished by four separate valves, two

page_text: being placed on one side of the cylinder for steam, and two on the other
for the exhaust. The exhaust valves are combined by one spindle, and
each consists of a flat plate with, one, two, or more. ports, they are
actuated simultaneously and adjusted by the gear to discharge (for both
ways round) at the most desirable part of the stroke, and undergo no
alteration (save reversing) with the variation of expansion. The admission
valves are of similar form to the above, also with one, two, or more ports
and connected by one spindle they can be varied to any range of
expansion without interfering with the exhaust.
Both the steam and exhaust valves are worked from one eccentric by
means of my dynamic gear, for which Letters Patent were granted to
me on the 26th day of October 1859, No. 2448, the exhaust valves at
one side of the cylinder and admission valves on the other, and as the
lead (or opening) on the centro undergoes no variation with increased or
diminished expansion by increasing the number of ports a full and
unrestricted admission may be obtained on the centre without wire
drawing.
AN IMPROVED SMOKE BURNER TO BE ADAPTED TO THE FLUES OF STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Fielding at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th June
1869.
I, GEORGE FIELDING, of Leeds Road, Huddersfield, in the County of
York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED SMOKE BURNER TO BE ADAPTED TO THE FLUES OF STEAM BOILERS," to
be as follows:-
This Invention consists in applying within the flue of a boiler and
behind the bridge of the furnace pieces of perforated plastic material
(fire-clay by preference) so made and fixed as to form a chamber, which
when red hot the smoke and gases entering the said chamber will be
arrested and consumed instead of passing out of the chimney uncon-
sumed, as is now generally the case.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HOT WATER BOILERS USED FOR HEATING PURPOSES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Harlow at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th May
1869.
I, ROBERT HARLOW, of Heaton Norris, in the County of Lancaster,
Brassfounder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN HOT WATER BOILERS USED FOR HEATING PURPOSES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object the construction of a hot water boiler
which shall present a large amount of heating surface to the fire, and
thereby produce the greatest possible effect from the fuel used, and
consists in a cylindrical enclosed casing formed of cast or wrought iron,
copper, or other suitable material, tapering or narrowing toward the upper
end, in the centre of which the fire is placed. In the body of such casing
and concentric with it is suspended a tapered tube or inner casing com-
municating with the interior of the outer casing, and also with the
interior of a flat hollow annular dish or flange which surrounds and
partially covers the mouth of the outer casing, so that as the flame
escapes from the neck or narrow mouth of such casing it impinges
against the under surface of such dish or flange, and at the same time

page_text: communicates its heat to the outer casing and tapered tube herein-before
mentioned.
The fuel is supplied from the top of the boiler through a hopper
provided with a sand joint and passes down into the fire-place through
the centre of the inner casing. The inner casing or tapered tube is
further provided with what is technically known as a "field tube,"
which assists the circulation of the water, which passes freely through
overy portion of the flange and casings.
A NEW OR IMPROVED TEXTILE FABRIC
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Booth and Robert Wilson
Morrell at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 4th August 1869.
We, JAMES BOOTH, of Shipley, in the County of York, Manufacturer,
and ROBERT WILSON MORRELL, of Bradford, in the same County,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A
NEW OR IMPROVED TEXTILE FABRIC," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the use of mohair, alpaca, or combed wool
yarn for weft in the production of fabrics by the ordinary process of
weaving what are technically known as quiltings, which at present
consist of both weft and warp of cotton or linen yarn.
AN IMPROVED BAND FOR LADIES' WEAR
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Theodore Atwater at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st July
1869.
I, THEODORE ATWATER, of Paris, in the Empire of France, Gentle-
man, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED BAND FOR LADIES' WEAR," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is the construction of a band for ladies'
wear to support the napkin during their menstrual period, the attach-
ment of the napkin to the band being elastic, so as to yield to the
movement of the body and thereby prevent chafing or irritation from
the napkin. The band is formed in two parts, one passing round
the front of the body, the other round the back, and they are secured
together above the hips by elastic straps, and to both parts is fixed
an elastic loop hanging down in a vertical direction; these loops may
be formed by stitching each end of a piece of elastic material or strip
to the parts, or if desired elastic rings may be stitched to the band.
The band being placed in position and secured around the body, one

page_text: end of the napkin is placed in each of the loops or rings, and pinned
or secured thereto. The elasticity of the loops allows the free movement
of the body and limbs without the chafing and irritation consequent
upon other means of securing the napkin.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY SIGNALS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Daniel Temple at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th April 1869.
I, EDWIN DANIEL TEMPLE, of 84, King William Street, in the City of
London, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY SIGNALS," to be as follows:-
The Invention relates to improvements in railway signals and
consists,―
Firstly. In constructing railway semaphore signals of wrought-iron
tubes of convenient lengths, bent or otherwise, and suitably connected
by wrought or cast iron connecting joints and bearing plates.
Secondly. In tying the tubes firmly together by means of one or more
wire or other ropes, which ropes may be fixed externally to the tubes
or passed through the tubes themselves and subjected to any required
degree of tension by means of a small wheel and ratchet or other

page_text: suitable apparatus worked by a lever or otherwise, by which any lateral
weakness of the signal is effectually counteracted.
Thirdly. In employing the arms of the semaphore signals for indi-
cating the names of adjacent stations or giving any similar short notice
of a permanent kind.
AN IMPROVED INJECTOR
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Denton Abel at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th March 1869.-A communication from abroad by C. W. Julius
Blancke and Co. of Merseburg, in the Kingdom of Prussia.
I, CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of No. 20, Southampton Buildings,
Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED INJECTOR,'
to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in an arrangement of the injector in which,
firstly, the steam cone, the combining or water cone, as also the
receiving cone are all fixed; in which, secondly, the admission of steam
alone is regulated, no regulation of the water supply being required;
and by which, thirdly, both cold and hot water are simultaneously drawn
in and fed into the boiler. For this purpose the steam cone is provided
with a regulating spindle, by screwing which to a greater or less extent
into the cone the supply of steam is regulated. The cold water is
introduced through a branch pipe behind the combining cone, while the
hot water is introduced through a side aperture in a casing or chamber
surrounding the combining and receiving cones. The combining cone
is secured by a flange at the end thereof, being held between a shoulder

page_text: on the casting containing the steam and water passages (in which
casting the steam cone is screwed) and the one end of the before-
mentioned casing which is screwed into such casting. The other end of
the casing is formed with a flange, which is secured to a flange on a
second casting containing the exit water passages and valve, the seat of
which is arranged vertically, and which is accessible through a side
aperture closed by a screw plug. The receiving cone is held by a flange
at its base fitting between the flanges of the casing and the last named
casting. The injector is thus rendered most simple in construction and
manipulation, while its effectiveness is greatly increased, it being
capable of drawing water to a height of ten feet, while it delivers
the water at a pressure equal to three times that of the steam passing
into it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE INDEXES OF ACCOUNT BOOKS AND OTHER BOOKкs
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Booth at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
March 1869.
I, JAMES BOOTH, of the Firm of Martin Billing, Son, and Company,
of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Printers and Stationers, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE INDEXES OF ACCOUNT BOOKS AND OTHER BOOKкs," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described in
the indexes of account books and other books.
I will describe my Invention as applied to a ledger. Instead of
making the index of a series of leaves situated at the front of the ledger,
each leaf being provided with one or more letters of the alphabet as
usual, I make the said index in the form of a long flap of calico or other
flexible material attached or hinged to the inner side of the end board of
the cover of the ledger and near the outer edge thereof. The said
flexible flap is covered on its upper side with paper ruled into a series of
vertical columns, each column being provided with one, two, or more
letters of the alphabet. The said index flap is nearly of the width of the

page_text: ledger with which it is used, but its length is varied according to the
size of the ledger and the arrangement of the name columns. When the
ledger is in use the flexible index flap is spread open on the right-hand
side of the ledger, so as to expose to view the whole of the names entered
in the ledger and the numbers of their folios or pages. The person using
the ledger can thus see at once the number of the folio or page of any
particular person's account to which he wishes to refer, or can enter in
the index any fresh name without closing the leaves of the ledger. The
turning over or closing of the ledger after each entry to refer to the
index or to enter a fresh name in the index is thus avoided, and much
time and labour saved. When the ledger is not in use the index flap is
folded up between the front board of the cover and the leaves of the
ledger. At that part of the index flap where it joins the back board of
the cover is a strip of pasteboard or other stiff material which when the
flap is folded up covers the front edges of the ledger and protects them
from injury or dust. Although I prefer to apply the index flap to the
right-hand side of the ledger yet the said flap may be applied to the left-
hand side, or an index flap may be applied to each side of the ledger.
.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS FOR BURNING VOLATILE OILS OR SPIRITS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Lyons at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd March
1869.
I, EDWARD LYONS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Lamp
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS FOR BURNING VOLATILE OILS OR SPIRITS," to be
as follows:
My Invention consist, firstly, in constructing in the manner herein-
after described that part of the lamp called the cap, that is, the outer
tube surrounding the wick tube and delivering air to the outside of the
flame. The said cap is ordinarily made of a tapering or wedge shape.
In making the said cap according to my Invention I make the upper
part of it with sides parallel to one another and parallel to the sides of
the wick tube. The lower part of the said cap on either side is opened
outwards so as to form wing-like pieces, making a considerable angle
with the upper part of the cap. The air collecting under the said wings
passes up the space between the upper part of the cap and the wick
tube, and is delivered in two parallel vertical streams on either side
the flame. The end picces of the cap by which the cap is attached to

page_text: "the wick tube convey so much heat to the lower part of the wick tube
as to make the oil more limpid than it is at ordinary temperature,
thereby facilitating the rising of the oil in the wick. By supplying the
flame with air by means of a cap constructed according to my Invention
a very bright light is produced by the flame, and volatile oils of great
density may be burned a long time without carbonizing the wick.
Although I prefer to make the said cap of a separate piece of sheet
metal and to attach it to the wick tube by soldering or otherwise, yet
the said cap may be formed in connection with the lower portion of
the cone or attached to the cone instead of to the wick tube. I do not
however confine myself to any particular method of making or fixing
the said cap. I prefer to make the top of the said cap and the top of
the wick tube slightly curved, so as to follow more or less the form of
This part of my Invention is applicable to lamps having flat
wicks, or cylindrical wicks, or tubular wicks.
My Invention consists, secondly, in making the cones of lamps for
burning volatile oils or spirits adjustable vertically, that is, capable of
rising and falling, so as to adjust their height accurately. I connect the
cone to the burner by means of a ring, which said ring screws on the
said burner. The bottom of the cone engages in a groove in the said
ring. By turning the said ring in one or other direction the said ring
is raised or lowered on the burner and with it the cone. The cone is
prevented from rotating on the turning of the ring by means of a pin
or projection on the cone engaging in a vertical slot in the burner. By
the raising or lowering of the cone the lamp is made capable of burning
oils of different densities, and a perfection in the burning of the oil
secured which is unattainable when the cone is fixed.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF OR PROCESS FOR PRESERVING ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES FROM DECAY
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th October 1869.-A communication from abroad by Doctor
Nicolas Herrara y Obes, of Montevideo, Uruguay, in South America.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office of Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF OR PROCESS
FOR PRESERVING ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES FROM DECAY," to be as
follows:-
This Invention is applicable to preserving animal and vegetable
substances (more especially the former) from decay, and it is preferred
to preserve animals whole, as the object of the Invention is to transport
fresh meat in the carcase from distant countries in ships arranged for
the purpose.
When the animal is killed all the intestines are removed and the
inside of the carcase cleansed; it may then be washed with a solution of
bi-sulphite of lime, but this is not imperative, and then the carcase may
be placed in the hold of the ship upon a bed of ice formed of blocks of

page_text: any convenient size. Between each carcase a layer of ice is placed, and
the carcases are arranged in this manner, each being surrounded by ice
until the hold is nearly full. A layer of ice is then carefully laid over
the whole mass so as to fill up all hollows or empty spaces; the whole
is then covered up with a thick cloth on which is placed a thick bed of
sawdust and vegetable charcoal. When this is done the hatches are
battened down so as to render the hold as air-tight as possible, and things
are left in this state until the vessel is ready to be unloaded in the port
of arrival.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CRANES FOR RAISING MERCHANDISE AND WEIGHTS OF ALL DESCRIPTIONS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hugh Ellis and John Ellis
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 6th March 1869.
We, HUGH ELLIS and JOHN ELLIS, of Salford, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CRANES FOR RAISING MERCHANDISE AND WEIGHTS OF ALL
DESCRIPTIONS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the application to the ordinary warehouse
crane of improved appliances for the purpose of enabling the crane to be
used for light and heavy weights without inconvenience or loss of time.
This description of crane has hitherto been used for comparatively light
weights, and is worked by means of a large pulley fixed to the barrel and
turned by an endless rope or chain, and for enabling heavy weights to
be raised we employ in addition to a large pulley and endless chain two
chain pinions, one on a shaft having a handle and the other on a lever
which can be moved to and fro, and on the shaft there is a ratchet wheel
which can be held by a catch. When light weights are to be raised the
pulley is turned by the endless chain in the usual manner, but when
heavy weights are to be raised the chain is passed round the two pinions

page_text: and the lever moved to place the second pinion in contact with the first,
and so maintained by a catch, and when the handle is turned the power
gained is in proportion to the difference between the diameters of the
first chain pinion and large pulley and the radius of the working handle.
IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO HOODS FOR INVALID, PERAMBULATOR, AND OTHER VEHICLES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Walsh at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
July 1869.
I, JOSEPH WALSH, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Perambulator Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO HOODS FOR INVALID, PERAMBULATOR,
AND OTHER VEHICLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object a simple contrivance for lifting the
hoods of such vehicles by the use and application of an arm branching
from the lower extremity of the front hoop or stretcher of such hood to
which a rod and screw are connected, so that by turning a thumbscrew
working against a fixed stud on the side or end of the vehicle the hood
may be raised or lowered and set at any angle, or the front hoop may
be extended downwards at the lower end, and there bave a long slot
provided, through which a screw may pass at right angles, screwing
through such slot on to a plate affixed to the side of such vehicles, and
thus enable the angle of the hood to be adjusted to the greatest nicety.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LIGHTING CIGARS, AND AN IMPROVED COMPOSITION FOR THAT PURPOSE
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Newton Lawrence at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
May 1869.
I, NEWTON LAWRENCE, of No. 66, Great Prescot Street, Goodman's
Fields, in the County of Middlesex, Cigar Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LIGHTING
CIGARS, AND AN IMPROVED COMPOSITION FOR THAT PURPOSE," to be as follows:-
The lighting end of a cigar I prefer to dip in a fusce composition
specially prepared of gum arabic, 20 parts; chlorat of potash, 10 parts;
nitre, 40 parts; charcoal, 20 parts; and cascarila, 16 parts. When dry I
dip the cigar a second time in a safety composition consisting of gum or
glue, 3 parts; chlorate of potash, 10 parts; powerd glass, one part; and
antimony, one part. Safety friction is composed of gum one part, and
amorphus phosphorus two parts, which is placed on a paper or lable and

page_text: wrapped round the cigar, which is easily removed by slipping it off, and
by bringing the friction, which is placed on the lable, in contact with
dipped end of the cigar it will instantaneous ignito, but not in any other
way. Neither composition will ignite by itself.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ELASTIC WEBBING
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Barrs at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
December 1869.
I, WILLIAM BARRS, of the Firm of Turner, Barrs, and Company,
of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
ELASTIC WEBBING," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of elastic webbing for
insertion in boots and shoes and other articles of dress, and the object
of the Invention is to render such webbing much stronger and more
durable than the elastic web as hitherto manufactured.
The Invention consists principally in putting considerably more twist
(i.e., at least more than double the amount of twist) into the silk weft
than has hitherto been given to such weft. Heretofore the weft has.
been made of "tram silk," very slightly twisted and soft, and the
consequence has been that the silk which forms the surface and
completely covers the india-rubber strands very soon became worn
through and presented a ragged and shabby appearance, and the india-

page_text: rubber strands being exposed and unprotected very soon wore out and
became useless.
By twisting the silk of which the weft is composed considerably more
than usual it becomes both stronger and harder, and the consequence
is that elastic webbing made with silk weft of this description is very
much more durable and stronger than any other elastic webbing hitherto
manufactured. The silk which I prefer to use as weft is that known as
'organzine" or lace cord, which may be made from China, Bengal,
Japan, Persian, or other silk, but the precise kind of silk used is of no
importance provided that it receives a sufficient amount of twist to
render it hard as above stated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MIXING SUBSTANCES FOR PILLS, OINTMENT AND OTHER PURPOSES, AND FOR MAKING PILLS AND GLOBULAR ARTICLES OF PLASTIC SUBSTANCES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Goddard and
William Finley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 31st July 1869.
We, BENJAMIN GODDARD and WILLIAM FINLEY, both of Stockport,
in the County of Cheshire, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MIXING
SUBSTANCES FOR PILLS, OINTMENT AND OTHER PURPOSES, AND FOR MAKING PILLS
AND GLOBULAR ARTICLES OF PLASTIC SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
In a convenient framework we place a cylinder, which has an opening
or entrance at the side or top, through this opening the ingredients from
which the pills or ointments and other mixings are made, these are inter-
mitted by the revolving of a shaft, to which shaft is attached knives,
spikes, or beaters; parallel through. the side of the cylinder are other
knives, spikes, or beaters, thereby causing a contrary action, which
contrary action, together with the revolving of the shaft causes the
ingredients to become intermixed with each other. The cylinder can
also be made to revolve contrary to the shaft or to remain stationary, and
by unscrewing the end of the cylinder and drawing out the shaft (at the
end of the same is a piston that is of the same diameter as the cylinder)

page_text: and thereby the pill, mass, or ointments, or other plastic substances is
removed from the cylinder. The cylinder can be worked by hand or
steam. To make pills or other globular bodies from plastic substances
we place on the frame aforesaid a pair of tooth wheels which are driven
by a handle or shaft, these wheels are connected to a shaft that has two
or more cranks. We also mount on the same frame a pair of rollers with
longitudinal grooves about seven inches long more or less, the diameter
of which is one inch and three-eights more or less if required, to
which is added the ordinary pinion gear, which is worked by a catch
wheel with catch and lever connected to a small orank or eccentric,
thereby giving motion to the grooved rollers. The pill ingredients or
other plastic substances are placed in a box above the grooved rollers,
and as the grooved rollers revolve strings or rows are formed which fall
on the surface of one of the plates, and by the plate or plates moving
to and fro they are cut and rounded into pills or other globular forms.
The plates are mounted on the framework with grooves at right angles,
which are connected to a pair or more cranks by means of two or more
rods giving a to-and-fro motion to the plates. One or both may move
or one can remain stationary.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Aitken at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th July
1869.
I, JOHN AITKEN, of Lasswade, near Edinburgh, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING MOTIVE
POWER," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in obtaining motive
power. I take water out of a reservoir or other source by placing in it
a syphon. On the water issuing from the syphon it falls on a water
wheel, which it actuates and transfers the power as wished. There is a
pump between the water and the top of the syphon. This be
applied to a mill wheel. The pump is to fill the syphon before starting,
and it will work awhile without any additional supply, but only for a
short time, and therefore it is attached to the wheel by a strap. The
pump may be the ordinary lift pump or any other.
may
The operation is as follows:-The water rises in the syphon as the air
is withdrawn; next the water of necessity falls and yields momentum

page_text: due to its weight and velocity; the water falls on the wheel, whether it
be a mill wheel or the wheel attached to the syphon, and it is transferred
with any additional power it may have acquired in passing over. the
wheel and may be used as wished.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILER FURNACES AND FLUES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Williamson Whittaker
and Eliza Whittaker at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 2nd December 1869.
We, JOHN WILLIAMSON WHITTAKER and ELIZA WHITTAKER, of
Carlisle Villa, Moses Gate, near Bolton-le-Moors, in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILER FURNACES AND FLUES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in steam boiler
furnaces and flues. We employ boilers having two internal flues passing
through them from end to end, and the furnaces are within these flues.
These internal flues are connected together just behind the fire-doors
by a cross tube, by which the smoke from one of the furnaces can be
passed over the fire in the other furnace and so consumed. The furnaces
are fired alternately, so that when smoke is rising from one of the fires
the other is bright and glowing. At the further end of the boiler the
internal flues lead into return flues built along the sides of the boiler
and opening at the front into a central flue passing under the bottom of
the boiler to the further end, where it meets the main flue or chimney.
Dampers are fitted at the points where the side flues enter the central

page_text: flue, and they are provided with suitable handles for working them.
The damper handles are close to the fire-doors, and when one of the fires
is fed with fresh coal the damper in the corresponding side flue is closed,
and so the draft is stopped in this flue and in the internal boiler flue in
connection with it, so that the smoke from this fire is compelled to pass
by the cross connecting tube into the other furnace where it is burnt.
The draft from this second furnace in which the fire is then brought
passes along the internal flue in which the furnace is situate, back by the
side flue in connection with it, and along the central flue to the chimney.
By the time this fire requires feeding the first will have burnt clear and
then the damper in the first side flue is opened, and that in the second
is closed, and so the draft from furnace to furnace through the cross
connecting tube is reversed. In this way the working of the furnaces
proceeds, the side flues being used alternately. When both fires are
bright the two side flues may be open simultaneously. We prefer so
to arrange the dampers that the opening of the fire-doors shall shut
them.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF RETORTS AND ANNEALING POTS AND STANDS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Nevill at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
December 1869.
I, RICHARD NEVILL, of Wern Iron Works, Llanelly, in the County of
Carmarthen, South Wales, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF RETORTS AND
ANNEALING POTS AND STANDS," to be as follows:-
The Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
retorts and annealing pots and stands.
Hitherto such articles have been manufactured by casting them in
suitable moulds, or they have been made of wrought iron bent to the
required shape and then rivetted at the seams. Now by casting such
articles they were made of great weight, and were liable to fracture by
blows or by sudden changes of temperature, and in consequence of their
weight they were difficult to move, whilst by forming them of wrought
iron rivetted into shape they were quickly rendered unserviceable in con-
sequence of the oxidation of the rivets, by which the rivets soon became

page_text: loose and air was thereby enabled to pass readily through the rivet
holes.
The present Invention consists in forming such articles of wrought
iron welded into the desired forms, whereby lightness, efficiency, and
durability are obtained.
The mode which I have found to answer in making retorts and
annealing pots consists in taking a plate of iron sufficiently long to pass
around the sides of the article, and so as to meet at one corner, where
the ends may overlap, or where they may leave an angular space, into
which I introduce if necessary a strip of iron; I then heat the parts and
weld them together so as to produce a tube open at both ends; I then
take a plate of iron formed to the shape required to form the end or top
and to overlap the end of the tube. The parts are then heated and
welded together so as in effect to make the retort or annealing pot of
one continuous piece of wrought iron.
For stands for annealing pots I proceed in a somewhat similar manner
to that before described, and I fix studs or feet thereto by welding. Or
if desired such stands may be formed by hammering them in suitable
dies or swages.
AN IMPROVED SPITTOON, SPECIALLY APPLICABLE TO RAILWAY CARRIAGES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Archibald Porteous Stirling
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 2nd December 1869.
I, ARCHIBALD PORTEOUS STIRLING, of the Town and County of
Peebles, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention of "AN IMPROVED SPITTOON, SPECIALLY APPLICABLE TO RAILWAY
CARRIAGES," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention which relates to an arrangement and construction of
spittoon specially applicable to railway carriages, but which may also
be applied to other vehicles, such for instance as omnibuses, consists
in forming the spittoon with a tubular extension which may be spiral
or straight. The spittoon proper is carried inside a casing, the lip of
which is secured by screws or otherwise to the floor of the carriage, the
Inside this casing, and
casing extending down through the floor.
immediately under the tubular extension of the spittoon, is fixed a dome-
shaped division, having curvilinear openings towards the sides of the
casing and with ridges at the parts of contact with the casing, the
casing itself having a pan-shaped bottom with one or more perforations
in it. The mouth of the spittoon is flush with the floor of the carriage,

page_text: and may be covered with wire gauze, wire netting, or other suitable
material. The object of this arrangement of spittoon is that it may be
self-cleansing, the saliva passing through the tube on to the dome before
mentioned, the ridges on which ensure the descent of the saliva through
the curvilinear openings into the pan or bottom of the casing, through
which it escapes by the opening or perforations already mentioned.
No saliva can thus long remain in the spittoon, and its arrangement
flush with the floor of the carriage enables it to be fixed without
inconvenience at any desired position of the floor.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AXLES FOR CARRIAGES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Grice and John George
Harrison at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 1st September 1869.
We, JOHN GRICE and JOHN GEORGE HARRISON, both of Birmingham,
in the County of Warwick, Coach Ironwork Manufacturers, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN AXLES FOR
CARRIAGES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in constructing and arranging the parts of
axles for carriages in the following manner:-We make the cone or
collet at the base or rear end of the arm of the axle separable from the
said arm. The said cone or collet fits on a shoulder formed at the rear
or base of the arm, and a washer of leather or metal, or two washers one
of leather and the other of metal, are placed between the said cone or.
collet and the collar of the arm of the axle. The inner conical shoulder.
at the rear end of the axle box works against the said cone or collet.
The front or outer end of the axle box bears against a small cone or front
collet on the outer end of the arm of the axle, the said small cone or
front collet being either made to slide on the end of the axle arm or
made on the base of the screw nut by which the axle box is secured on

page_text: the axle arm. The separable cone or collet at the rear end of the axle
arm has a flattened part or key formed in interior, which part or key
fits in a corresponding part or key way on the shoulder of the axle arm,
and the said cone or collet is thereby prevented from turning on the
said axle arm. The said separable cone or collet may be made either of
brass, gun metal, or iron, or steel; when made of steel we harden it, and
when made of iron we caseharden it. The small cone or collet at the
front end of the axle arm when made to slide on the arm is prevented
from turning by an arrangement similar to that described with reference
to the cone or collet at the base of the axle arm. We make the said
small cone or collet of gun metal or hardened steel or casehardened
iron. When we make it part of the screw nut we caseharden it.
Between the collar of the axle arm and the end of the axle box is a
leather washer to prevent the escape of the oil by which the axle is
lubricated. When by long use the separable cone or collet does not fit
sufficiently closely against the shoulder of the axle box the axle box is
removed from the axle arm, and the said cone or collet packed up by a
thicker or additional washer. The axle box is secured on the axle arm
by the usual lock nut and cotter.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDS FOR CARDING COTTON, WOOL, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Worth and William
Turner at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 10th July 1869.
We, JOHN WORTH, of Church Stile, Rochdale, and WILLIAM TURNER,
of Tonacliffe, near Rochdale, both in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CARDS FOR CARDING COTTON, WOOL, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be
as follows:
Hitherto it has been customary to card cotton, wool, and other fibrous
substances with cards made of round wire, the points of which are liable
to get dull and require to be ground, but our Invention consists in
making the cards of angular wire which is not thicker than 26* Bir-
mingham wire guage in one direction, and 30 wire guage in the other;
by this means if the end of the wire wears off the card will still be
pointed and not require grinding.
Im- PROVEMENTS IN GAS BURNERS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Walker at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
December 1869.
I, EDWIN WALKER, of Heckmondwike, in the County of York,
Plumber, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN GAS BURNERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates. to certain improvements in the construction
and arrangement of gas burners whereby a superior light can be
produced from a less quantity of gas than is required for ordinary
burners, all escape of gas being prevented, the consumption being
perfect.
I propose to attach to the pipe or tube leading to the burner three
distinct burners arranged as follows:-The central burner is set vertical,
and the two side burners are set at an oblique angle to the central one,
so as to cast a jet of gas directly from each into the central jet; these
burners are arranged not in one piece, but as three separate tubes having
perforations in each nipple or light to suit the jets required, the result
being that an united mass of flame of great thickness is produced by
the combination of the jets, affording an extremely white light, pre-

page_text: venting smoke, and economizing gas, the light being far superior than
that generated by the use of three ordinary separate burners, each
consuming a separate jet and giving a separate light.
Another example of the Invention consists in forming a small
receptacle in the form of a cup, having a nozzle or screw to fit on
the gas tube; the upper part of the cap is provided with a cap or dome,
the centre having a vertical nipple, and the margin being provided with
two nipples, one on each side of the central nipple, and forming a line
therewith; these two nipples are set at an angle pointing obliquely
inwards towards the jet of the central nipple, the lines of jets forming
radii to a circle, and tending to meet at a central point, the result being
similar to the first example.
The principle of the Invention being consequently to effect the
centralization of jets of gas on the condition that such jets shall issue
in the same plane, it follows that more than three jets may be employed;
for example, two nipples may be adjusted on each side of the central
nipple, provided they are set at such an angle as to form radii to a
common centre, or as nearly to such angle as may be found most
expedient in practice, all being arranged to direct. their jets in one
plane and not across each other. The nipples may be substituted by
forming a series of apertures in the receptacle, each causing their jets of
gas to flow as radii in the same manner as though nipples were used.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF VELOCIPEDES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Dunn at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th May
1869.
I, THOMAS DUNN, of the Windsor Bridge Iron Works, and the Hercules
Foundry, Pendleton, near the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Civil and Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF VELOCIPEDES,"
to be as follows:-
The nature of this Invention consists in the application to velocipedes
of certain apparatus by which rotary motion may be given to one
or more of the wheels independently of that given by the treadles,
whereby the velocipede may be started slowly before the treadles are
brought into operation, or the velocipede may be propelled up inclines
or used for carrying goods.
According to one mode of performing my Invention I apply a
ratchet wheel or other equivalent to the hind wheel of the velocipede;
this ratchet wheel is worked by a catch jointed to a lever, which is
moved up and down by the foot of the operator. By this means the
operator can get on the velocipede when it is stationary, and by

page_text: working the catch lever he can then cause the velocipede to advance
slowly for a certain distance, or until it has acquired the desired speed
for working by the ordinary treadles.
This Invention is applicable to velocipedes having two or more
wheels, and as the power is increased in proportion to the reduced
speed, it may be advantageously used for going up steep inclines and
for carrying heavy weights. The ratchet wheel or other equivalent
may be applied to both or all the wheels of the velocipede.
In velocipedes with three wheels a seat suitable for a lady may be
placed above or between the hind wheels, and the ratchet wheel or
other equivalent would then be applied to the front wheel. The catch
and catch lever are raised by a spring, which may be made of india-
rubber or other material, or by compressed air or other agency after
they have been depressed by the foot of the operator.
Another of my equivalents for the ratchet wheel and lever is a
plain wheel with a friction catch; or I employ a nip catch or clip
to act upon straps or belts passing around pulleys on the hind or
other wheel and carrier pulleys; these nip catches or clips can be
worked by the hands or the feet of the operator, or by both hands and
feet, and they are applicable to water velocipedes, so that the operator
may sit with his face towards the head of the boat, the belts acting
on floating or other paddle wheels or on screw propellers. The motion
of velocipedes may also be accelerated by aërial wheels provided with
vanes to collect the air, and placed in a vertical, horizontal, or diagonal
position. These aerial wheels are connected by gearing to the driving
wheel of land or water velocipedes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COMBINED WOVEN AND FELTED FABRICS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Watson Burton and
Robert Wilson Morrell at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 28th June 1869.
We, JOHN WATSON BURTON, of Leeds, in the County of York, and
ROBERT WILSON MORRELL, Stuff Merchant, of Bradford, in the County
of York aforesaid, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COMBINED WOVEN AND FELTED
FABRICS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the use or employment of a woven fabrio
made of yarn spun from combed wool, the threads of both weft and
warp being very open, by preference about an eighth of an inch apart
to facilitate the process of felting wool or other fibrous substances
thereon to produce a combined woven and felted fabric.
ordinary felting machinery in the process, and afterwards mill or full the
said fabrics by usual means.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN FOOTSTEPS, STEPS, OR BEARINGS FOR THE SPINDLES AND SHAFTS OF VARIOUS MACHINERY
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Bottomley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
June 1869.
I, WILLIAM BOTTOMLEY, of Bradford, in the County of York, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN FOOTSTEPS, STEPS, OR BEARINGS FOR THE SPINDLES AND SHAFTS OF
VARIOUS MACHINERY," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates chiefly to the footsteps, steps, or bearings for
the spindles, shafts, or other quick rotating parts of preparing,
spinning, and doubling machinery, but it is equally applicable to various
other kinds of machinery where quick rotary motion is given to spindles,
or shafts, or rollers, and the improvements consist in the use or employ-
ment of glass for such purposes, or as the material of which such
articles are to be manufactured.
Ax IMPROVED CORKSCREW ADAPTED FOR GASEOUS AND AERATED LIQUIDS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Hazeldine at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
October 1869.
I, FREDERICK HAZELDINE, of Lant Street, Borough, in the County
of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Ax
IMPROVED CORKSCREW ADAPTED FOR GASEOUS AND AERATED LIQUIDS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention is designed for withdrawing the corks from bottles
containing soda water and other effervescing beverages or gaseous and
aërated liquids with greater facility, and so as not to lose any appre-
ciable quantity of the liquid. I propose to effect this by constructing.
and operating with a corkscrew in the following manner, that is to
say: I form the screw of the corkscrew around and about a hollow
central stem tapered to a point at its lower end, which is solid and with
cross holes about half an inch from the said point leading into and com-
municating with the hole in the aforesaid central stem. The upper end
of this stem, which is open to the atmosphere when in use, has an upright
flat piece of metal fixed around it, in which is a hole to receive one

page_text: end of a lever for withdrawing the cork from a bottle after the manner
of drawing corks by means of the well known lever corkscrew patented
by Lund, of Fleet Street.
The following is the mode of operating with the improved corkscrew
above described:-The screw upon being inserted into and passed
through the cork of a bottle containing soda water, for example, allows
a portion of the confined gas to pass off through the aforesaid hollow
stem of the screw, after which and before effervescence has subsided
the cork is withdrawn by Lund's lever arrangement, and in this manner
and by these means the contents of the bottle may be removed without
the waste or noise attending the method commonly practised of opening
soda water, namely, by allowing the pressure from within to force out
the cork.