matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
A NEW OR IMPROVED LEVER WRENCH OR SELF-ADJUSTING SPANNER
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Adkins at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th May
1864.
I, WILLIAM ADKINS, of the Birmingham and Sheffield Tool Works, No. 1,
Lionel Street, Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer of
Lathes, Stocks and Dies, Planing Machines, and General Engineers' Tool
Maker, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "A NEW
OR IMPROVED LEVER WRENCH OR SELF-ADJUSTING SPANNER," to be as follows
(that is to say) :-
My improvements in the construction of wrenches or spanners consist in
dividing the shank or handle into two parts, and connecting them by a strong
joint close to the sliding jaw, while that part of the lever or handle that
extends below the joint or fulcrum on which it works forms a cam or curved
wedge that forces the moveable jaw more or less in close contact or grip of
the nut or screw it has to turn, so that in reality any increased strength or
power required to turn the nut or screw so in proportion is the intensity of
the grip on the bead of the screw or nut by the cam action of the lever.
Thus it will be seen that wrenches or spanners made as herein described are
suitable for the smallest or largest work whether for adjusting and fixing gas
fittings, locomotive, and other purposes, where strength, space, and economy
are required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GILDING GLASS AND VITREOUS SURFACES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th August,
1864. A communication from abroad by Edouard Dodé, of Paris, in
the Empire of France.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GILDING GLASS AND VITREOUS SURFACES," a communica-
tion to me from abroad by Edouard Dodé, of Paris, in the Empire of France,
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the bright gilding of glass or vitreous surfaces
without the necessity for burnishing, and consists of three distinct operations,
namely, firstly, the application of a coating of platina to the glass or vitreous
surface; secondly, the application of a coating of copper; thirdly, the applica-
tion of the gilding. If desired the second operation may be omitted, and
the gilding be applied directly on to the platina, but this will be found to be
more expensive.
In carrying out the first operation, one hundred parts by weight of platina
are dissolved in nitro-muriatic acid and evaporated to dryness, after which the
product is to be mixed with the essence of lavender or other suitable essential
oil; twenty-five parts by weight of litharge or other suitable compound of lead
are next to be ground with essence of lavender or other suitable essential oil on
a glass surface with a muller. These two products having been thus separately
prepared are to be well mixed together by grinding, and when diluted with
a little essence of lavender or other essential oil are ready to be applied with

page_text: the aid of a fine hair pencil or otherwise to those parts of the glass or vitreous
surface which are intended to be gilt. The glass or vitreous surface is then
placed in a muffle furnace for a short time, and subjected to an elevated
temperature, after which it will be found to be perfectly brilliant and ready to
receive the gilding or coppering.
The second operation, that is to say, the application of a coating of copper
or of copper and zinc to those parts which have been already coated with
platina as herein-before described, is effected by the well-known process of
electro-galvanic or electro-magnetic deposition of metals, and need not be
further referred to.
The third and final operation of gilding is effected by simple steeping or by
the aid of a battery, and this operation requires but a very small quantity of
gold, whilst at the same time a perfect adhesion of the gold to the copper is
obtained, which enables the gilding to stand rubbing and hard usage without
injury thereto. If preferred, palladium, osmium, iridium, titanium, silicium, or
other white non-oxidisable, metals may be substituted for platina, but they will
be found to be much more costly.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN HAND DRILLING APPARATUS, ADAPTABLE ALSO AS A VICE AND FOR LIFTING PURPOSES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Hodgson at tho Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th August
1864.
I, GEORGE HODGSON, of Wickcliffe, Cleckheaton, in the County of York,
Mechanic, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN HAND DRILLING APPARATUS, ADAPTABLE ALSO AS A VICE AND FOR LIFTING
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction, combination, and arrange-
ment of mechanical parts or apparatus for the purpose of drilling holes in
metal or other material, and which is capable of being readily converted to
the purposes of a vice for nipping and holding; and also into a lifting jack for
lifting or raising heavy weights.
The apparatus consists of a drill spindle screwed externally, and a longi-
tudinal groove in it. A box or lever fits on the said spindle capable of sliding
thereon, and having a pin or set screw entering the groove to prevent its
turning around on the spindle. A round arm projects from this box, which is
to be used for a lever handle when the apparatus is used as a "rack" drill;
and for a bracket to support the spindle when employed as a stand drill. On
the box are a bevil wheel and a spur wheel which are concentric with the
spindle, and also there is a stud carrying another bevil in gear with the other
and on which is a winch handle for giving rotary motion to the spindle, or a
pulley may be applied instead of a winch, so as to drive it by power. A
short rotary spindle is also carried by this box or lever with a spur wheel on

page_text: each end, one wheel gearing with the spur which slides on the drill spindle,
and the other with another spur wheel screwed on the drill spindle under the
box. One or more of these spur wheels are capable of being changed so as to
vary the number of teeth in each respectively, in order to produce a differential
slide motion of the drill spindle as required. The stand or "claw" for holding
the arm of the drill spindle is constructed so as to be fixed by clams and scrow,
which when not in use for supporting the drill spindle can be used as a vice,
and the drill spindle by removing the winch and bevil, and by means of a pawl
or ratchet on the lever taking into one of the wheels on the spindle, can be
converted into a "rack" or ratchet drill. The stand is also constructed so
that the drill spindle may be inverted and placed in the stand to constitute a
lifting jack, the back of the bovil to which the winch is attached also forming
a worm or spiral groove to fit into the teeth of the spur wheel which is screwed
on the drill spindle, and thereby become a powerful leverage for lifting or
raising heavy weights.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR PRESSING, MEASURING, AND ROLLING TEXTILE FABRICS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jesse Clegg, James Clegg, and
Joseph Rowley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 11th January 1864.
We, JESSE CLEGG, and JAMES CLEGG, of Huddersfield, in the County of
5 York, Manufacturers, and JOSEPH ROWLEY, of the same Place, Cloth
Dresser, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR PRESSING, MEASURING, AND ROLLING TEXTILE
FABRICS," to be as follows:-
This Invention is for the purpose of pressing, measuring, and rolling woollen
textile fabrics, and relates especially to those goods called fancy cloths.
Instead of the usual method of folding the goods in press papers, and giving
the necessary pressure in a hydraulic or other press, we pass them between
squeezing or pressing rollers, winding them on another roller or bar, giving the
necessary pressure by a lever and weight, screw, or other mechanical con-
trivance; and in order that the goods may be measured at the same time they
are so pressed and rolled we connect, by means of gearing, one of the said
rollers with an indicator or dial plate and pointer so as to indicate the length
of cloth that has passed through the rollers, we also use a roller or lapping bar
to take up the goods after they have been so operated upon, which lapping
bar is driven by friction gearing and strap from the squeezing or pressing
rollers.
The accompanying Sheet of outline Drawings will more clearly explain the
nature of this Invention.
Fig. 1, is a front elevation, and Fig. 2, an end elevation of a machine con.

page_text: structed according to our improvements. A, are a pair of squeezing rollers
mounted upon a frame B, and to which pressure is applied by the lever and
weight C; a train of gear wheels D is connected to the bottom roller and
which give motion when the rollers are in motion to a pointer E which
indicates the length of fabric passed through the rollers on the dial plate F.
The fabric is thence wound on a lapping bar G, which is driven by a
friction pulley H, receiving motion by strap from a shaft I which gives motion
to the rollers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING MACHINES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Duncan, at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th November
1864.
I, GEORGE DUNCAN, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING
MACHINES," to be as follows:-
My improvements relate, firstly, to feeding that class of printing machines
in which the cylinders carry the type, and rotate in one direction with sheets
of paper, the one after the other in continuous succession. I use two or more
inclined planes, similar to the single one now employed to carry or support
the reams or bulk of paper, and place them one at the back of the other in a
straight line from the cylinders. Underneath the said inclined planes there
is an endless band or web or several tapes made to travel by rollers or drums
over and by which it or they is or are carried. The shects of paper are lifted,
pushed, or drawn down one after the other from the inclined planes, by hand,
by pressure and rubbing, or either of them, of a soft pad, or friction roller on
the end of a vibrating arm, or other suitable means, on to the endless band,
web, or tapes which travel on its or their bearing surface or surfaces towards
the cylinder and type. As each sheet arrives at the end of the travelling
band, web, or tapes, one or more friction rollers affixed on or to vibrating
cranks, levers or arms come down on to or catch the sheets at or near the
edges thereof, and, with the assistance of the cylinder, carry them into
position to receive the impression of the type.

page_text: Secondly, to those printing machines with horizontal travelling tables and
rocking cylinders, the object being the important one of enabling printers
to "print on sheets of different sizes" in or by the same machine. The
leading features of the improved machine as far as the primary motions are
concerned, are the same as those of the same class of machines now in use.
I arrange the type table, however, to travel backwards and forwards a longer
or shorter distance, and at the end of each movement to make a short
stoppage. This is effected by the employment of inclined planes with holes
in the same or near thereto, friction rollers to rub or travel over the said
inclined planes and projecting pins to drop into the holes; the several parts
working in connection with the frame of the travelling table and the slides.
The parts being set by screws or other means, as will be clearly understood
after the mention of the above parts, to allow sufficient travel of the table for
the type and paper being printed on, at the end of each movement or stroke
the pins falls into the holes and keep the type table in the desired position.
The inking tables are of the usual form and are carried by or on the same
frames as the type table, but they always travel one uniform distance.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF 'IMPRESSED GOLD," AND SIMILAR PAPER HANGINGS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Wylie and James Rewat
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
22nd November 1864.
We, JOHN WYLIE, Manufacturer, and JAMES REW, Mechanic, both of
Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE
MANUFACTURE OF 'IMPRESSED GOLD," AND SIMILAR PAPER HANGINGS," to be as
follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of paper hangings of the kind
known as "impressed gold," and which have ornamental devices in gold leaf or
other metallic leaf, impressed or stamped upon them with an embossing action ;
and the improved apparatus is designed to obtain superior results with increased
rapidity and economy.
In the improved apparatus the devices to be produced in metallic leaf are
formed or fixed in relief upon a metal cylinder, which is pressed towards &
counter-pressure cylinder having a surface of a suitable material, such as
pasteboard or papier mâché, which becomes impressed with a counterpart of
the devices on the metal cylinder, so that the two will act as die and matrix
upon the paper which is passed between them. Before passing between the
cylinders, gum or adhesive matter, by preference in a dry powdered state, is
applied to the parts of the paper to receive the impressed devices, the metallic
leaf being also laid on the same parts. The metal cylinder is heated, whereby
the gum is made to fix the metallic leaf, at the same time that the device is

page_text: impressed or embossed on the paper. The metal cylinder may be heated in
various ways, but it is preferred to employ ordinary gas; and in one modifi-
cation of the arrangements for that purpose the cylinder is made hollow, and
the gas pipe with a number of jets is fitted inside it. The gum or adhesive
matter may be applied to the paper by means of a cylinder formed with
perforations at the parts corresponding to the devices, such cylinder having a
supply of the powdered gum inside of it; thus the cylinder may be made of
wire gauze and be covered with paper, or other material having the devices
cut out of it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MAKING RAILWAY SPIKES, RIVETS, BOLT BLANKS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Emile Watteeu at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th February
1864. A communication from abroad by Charles Ryan, of Hamilton,
Canada West.
I, EMILE WATTEBU, of the Vulcan Works, Middlesborough-on-Tees, in the
County of York, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MAKING RAILWAY SPIKES, RIVETS, BOLT
BLANKS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES," a communication to me from abroad.
by Charles Ryan, of Hamilton, Canada West, to be as follows:-
This improved machinery consists of a pair of feeding rollers with cams,
by which the bar of heated iron or other metal is drawn into the machine, and
the end thereof is tapered or otherwise shaped and then cut off; these rollers
have an intermittent rotary motion given to them by a ratchet wheel and
catch lever, or other suitable gear. When the end of the bar is cut off it is
taken hold of by a pair of gripping claws, by which it is held in a die, the
upper part of which is connected to a lever, this lever is brought down. upon
the spike, rivet, bolt blank, or other article under operation, and securely
holds it while the heading ram is brought against the end of it to form the
head, the lever is then raised, and the railway spike or other article is pushed
forward by the portion of the bar behind it, which has then been taken hold
of by the gripping claws which cause a fresh portion of the bar to be drawn.
under the lever for having the head formed on it. The finished spikes or
other articles drop into a suitable receptacle under the machine.. The

page_text: operations are performed uninterruptedly until the whole bar has been made
into spikes or other similar articles, that is to say, while the head is being
made on one spike or other article, the feeding rollers are drawing forward,
tapering and cutting off a portion of the bar to make another. The gearing
for giving motion to the various parts is so constructed that by means of
handles or treadles, starting rods, and levers, the whole or any portion of the
machine can be suddenly thrown out of and in gear.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METALLIC ORNAMENTATION OF FEATHERS, PLUMES, AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Clark at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th November
1864. A communication from abroad by Adolphe Pierre Viol, and
Césaire Pierre Duflot, junior, Feather Manufacturers, both of 29,
Boulevart St. Martin, Paris.
I, WILLIAM CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said.
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METALLIC ORNAMENTATION OF FEATHERS,
PLUMES, AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
Plumes and other feather ornaments used for head dresses and otherwise
have hitherto been ornamented either by sprinkling or painting their filaments
with gold, silver, or other metal, or by covering them with metal, which is,
however, only superficial, and falls off in dust by the continual movement of
the plume.
According to this Invention I impregnate, or, as it were, incrust all the
parts of the fibre with the metal by the aid of galvano-plasty. In this
manner the metallic particles will be introduced at all the pores and throughout
the surface of the articles steeped in the galvano-plastic bath.
The Invention thus consists in metallizing plumes, tufts, and feathers
generally, natural or artificial, by the aid of galvano-plasty. When the
metallization is obtained, the article ornamented may, if desired, be varnished,
glossed, mounted, and burnished by friction, or allowed to remain dead.
A NEW THREAD, AND THE MANUFACTURE THEREPROM OF FABRICS AND ORNAMENTS PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE TO BONNETS, CAPS, AND HATS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION- left by Richard Archibald Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th August 1864.-A communication from abroad by Jean Gaspard
Placide Meyer, of Paris, France.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"A NEW THREAD, AND THE MANUFACTURE THEREPROM OF FABRICS AND ORNAMENTS
PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE TO BONNETS, CAPS, AND HATS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in manufacturing a new thread from esparto or
other vegetable or woody fibre, and in making with this new thread fabrics,
plaits, and ornaments for bonnets and other purposes.
To form the new thread, I cover thin strips or cores of wood or vegetable or
woody fibre with a thread of silk, cotton, or other suitable material of any
desired shade. The new thread may then be woven to form a fabric suitable
among other purposes for bonnets, caps, and hats, either of one color, if the
weft and warp be of the same color, or of different colors if the weft and warp
be of different colors. To vary the appearance of the bonnet or other article
the fabric may be formed of a warp of the esparto thread and a weft of any
other textile material. I also manufacture plaits from-these-esparto-threads;
the design or effect of which may be varied as desired by mixing different.

page_text: colored threads. I likewise manufacture ribbons and ornaments for bonnets,
hats, and other purposes, the threads being all of the same color or of
different colors, or mixed with threads of other material according to the
effect to be produced.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF GO-CARRIAGES FOR TEACHING CHILDREN TO WALK, AND GIVING ASSISTANCE TO INVALIDS, AND FOR OTHER DOMESTIC PURPOSES
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Askew, of Charles Street, Hampstead Road,
in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF GO-CARRIAGES FOR TEACHING CHILDREN TO
WALK, AND GIVING ASSISTANCE TO INVALIDS, AND FOR OTHER DOMESTIC
PURPOSES."
Sealed the 9th December 1864, and dated the 27th June 1864.

page_text: height of the upper rim to receive the child's or invalid's body; each telescopic
tube is supplied with joints at the top and bottom, which top is constructed
with a door for the admission of the child or invalid, and provided with a
safety lock and suspension belt for supporting the body of the child or invalid
who may use the same, which carriage or rim is made moveable by castors
made of brass or other metal with india-rubber rollers, which makes the same
noiseless, and the least or slightest movement of the child or invalid gives the
facility of going in any direction in which the child or invalid may desire to
move; the same is to be constructed with joints and set screws, so that it can
be taken to pieces for export and other compact purposes.
Ix- PROVEMENTS IN FIRE-PLACES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left] by Pierre Louis Charon at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st November
1864.
I, PIERRE LOUIS CHARON, of Grove Place, Brompton Road, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for " Ix-
PROVEMENTS IN FIRE-PLACES," to be as follows:-
This Invention applies to all kinds of fire-places, but more especially to
such as are used for broiling or grilling, where it' is especially necessary or
desirable to have at all times a clear red fire at the top, and consists princi-
pally of a novel means of and apparatus for feeding the fire with coal or other
fuel at the bottom.
In carrying out my Invention I construct the fire-place with the grating
which supports the fuel moveable, and so arranged as to be capable of being
raised and lowered by a rack or racks, or other equivalent mechanical means.
The usual position of the said grate being as ordinarily just below the lowest
front bar. Immediately below the open front of the fire, and above the ash-
pit, is a space about six inches deep (more or less), and the front of this space
is provided with a door, which is perforated with holes. I also provide a
false perforated bottom or grate capable of sliding in grooves immediately
above the highest or usual position of the moveable grating above named.
When it is desired to supply fresh fuel to the fire the false bottom or grate
must be pushed in between the fire and the moveable grating so as to support
the fuel, and the moveable grating is then lowered to the bottom of the space
above named, and the door of the latter being opened, the requisite quantity

page_text: of fresh fuel is thrown on to the moveable grate, which is then again raised
and the false bottom or grate is withdrawn, allowing the red-hot fire to fall
gently on to the fuel.
It will be evident that not only is a clear red fire thus always maintained
at the top, but that the combustible gases from the fuel having to pass 5
through the clear fire will become consumed, and hence a considerable
economy will be effected.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER, AND IN THE MACHINERY AND APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Olive, William Olive, and
Edward Partington at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 27th July 1864.
We, JOHN OLIVE, WILLIAM OLIVE, and EDWARD PARTINGTON, of the Firm of
Messieurs Olive, Brothers, and Partington, of Woolfold, near Bury, in the
County of Lancaster, Paper Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER, AND IN
THE MACHINERY AND APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as follows:-
In paper-making machines of the ordinary construction, it is customary to
convey the paper from the drying cylinder to a callender provided with any
convenient number of metal bowls.
Now our Invention consists in the employment of bowls which instead of
being all of metal are made some of metal and others of paper, cotton, or other
yielding material, the metallic and the yielding bowls being placed alternately
in the paper machine callender.
In performing our Invention we apply, when a highly glazed paper is
required, a conditioning trough to the paper-making machine, this trough is
furnished with a perforated steam pipe to damp or condition the paper as it
passes from the last drying cylinder to the callender. The set or pressure is
given to the bowls by the usual weighted levers and regulating screws; but
as it is essential in this description of bowls to be able to relieve them

page_text: instantaneously from pressure, we apply, for obtaining this object, a shaft with
cams or other equivalent to the weighted levers.
Our Invention consists in the use of the said improvements when in any
way connected direct with the paper-making machine.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN GIRDERS FOR BRIDGES AND OTHER STRUCTURES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Edward Whiting at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
May 1864.
I, JAMES EDWARD WHITING, of Dundalk, in the County of Louth, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN GIRDERS FOR BRIDGES AND OTHER STRUCTURES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in forming the top chord in tension in horizontal
open girders, as hereafter explained. The lower chord is in tension as usual.
I reverse the strains in the top chord of those girders known as warren and
lattice girders, so that instead of being borne in compression at the centre
they are borne by tension from fixed stays on the land, which stays are
independent of the bridge or girder, that is to say, instead of the strains in
the top chord accumulating toward the centre, and being borne by a com-
pression plate, they are accumulated when the bridge is loaded towards the
ends, and borne by the stays. The advantage of this will be, that the top and
bottom chords can be made in a portable form such as that of a wire cable
with eyelet holes or in joints, and the latticework or struts and ties can fold
up. Both chords are made in portable form and flexible, so that the girder
can be constructed on shore, and may be drawn across any place to be bridged
in a loose irregular catenary, and may then be tightened by a crab or other-
wise to a horizontal position.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CONSUMING SMOKE IN STEAM BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES AND FIRE-PLACES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th October 1864.-A communication from abroad by Auguste de
Bergue, of Madrid, Spain.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CONSUMING SMOKE IN STEAM BOILER AND
OTHER FURNACES AND FIRE-PLACES," to be as follows:-
This Invention mainly consists in forming chambers or hollow partitions in
metal or refractory material between the fire-place and the draught to the
chimney, and in the employment of hollow sectors or tubes supported by and
passing through between the chambers or partitions. The sectors or tubes
should be partly covered by or enter at bottom a layer of ashes or cinders
before the fire is made up. When the fire is lighted the current of air
entering by the furnace door impinges upon the burning fuel, and directs the
flame and other products of combustion into the chambers or hollow par-
titions near their upper part; the products of combustion pass down these
chambers, then through the layer of ashes beneath the burning fuel into the
hollow sectors, and thence into the flues.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FELTS AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN, SOME OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER FABRICS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Reid and Thomas Buckley,
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 14th June 1864..
We, JOHN REID and THOMAS BUCKLEY, both of the City of Manchester, in
the County of Lancashire, Commission Agents, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FELTS AND IN
THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN, SOME OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS
ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER FABRICS," to be as follows:-
The first part of our improvements consists in stiffening the backs of felts
used for carpeting and other purposes by the application of an improved
solution thereto (composed as hereafter described), the object being to impart
to such fabrics more body and firmness than they now possess, the said
solution being also applicable to the stiffening of calicos and other fabrics.
The second part of the Invention consists in ornamenting the surfaces of
felts used for carpeting and other purposes, so as to make them more or less
resemble tapestry, Brussels, Kidderminster, or other carpets according to the
nature of the pattern impressed thereon, which mode of ornamentation, im-
pressing, or embossing will also add to the firmness of the material.
The third part of our Invention consists in the construction of the ma-.
chinery necessary for the aforesaid embossing process, and consists in arranging
rollers or blocks of wood, or other suitable material, so that upon the material
being passed through or between them, or impressed thereby, the patterns
engraved, cut, or cast upon the surfaces of the said blocks may be transferred

page_text: to the material operated upon. This may be done most conveniently when
the felt is in a damp state and before being passed through the drying rollers,
but in some cases it may be convenient to impress the said patterns when
the material is in a more finished state, the application of the solution, accord-
ing to the first part of our Invention, facilitating the operation, and greatly
conducing to its permanence.
The stiffening solution we prefer to employ is composed of seaweed or
Irish moss, buffalo hide, and China or common pipeclay, and is best made in
the following manner :-To make 3 gallons, take 1lb. of seaweed or Irish
moss; simmer in 1 gallon of pure water till dissolved; then take 1lb. of
buffalo hide, and simmer again till dissolved; finally, take 2lbs. of China or
common pipeclay well beaten up in 1 gallon of water; mix and stir the whole,
and dilute to thickness required. Although we consider the above proportions
of the several ingredients are the best, they may be varied in certain cases
according to the nature of the fabric to be stiffened.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR SIGNALLING BETWEEN PASSENGERS AND GUARDS OR OTHER PERSONS IN CHARGE OF RAILWAY TRAINS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Henry Cleveland at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
August 1864.
1, THOMAS HENRY CLEVELAND, of Leicester, Newspaper Proprietor, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR
APPARATUS FOR SIGNALLING BETWEEN PASSENGERS AND GUARDS OR OTHER PERSONS
IN CHARGE OF RAILWAY TRAINS," to be as follows:--
The object of the improvements is to give facility in case of need for pas-
sengers signalling from any of the carriages to the guard or others in charge
of a railway train. For this purpose I apply to cach carriage a bell or other
sounding alarum capable of being set in motion by the releasing of wheel-
work operated by a spring or by a weight.
or by a weight. The releasing is effected by
cords, wires, or other connecting means applied to each compartment of the
carriage. Upon the axle of one of the wheels are applied arms, one of which
is adapted as a day signal to indicate by its rotation the particular carriage
the alarum of which is in motion, the other carrying a lantern with colored
lenses if desired for night use; or in place of rotating, other moveable
signals, or a stationary lamp and slide, may be employed, such slide acting
when released as a day signal, and by uncovering the light as a night signal.
The apparatus when once set in motion cannot be stopped by the passengers.
I also apply reflectors to the position of the guard or other person in charge
of a train, to show what is passing on a train when such persons may have
their backs to the train.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROJECTILES AND WADE OF FIRE-ARMS, AND IN APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Rigby at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd February 1864.
I, JOHN RIGBY, of Suffolk Street, Dublin, Ireland, Gunmaker, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROJECTILES
AND WADE OF FIRE-ARMS, AND IN APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME," to
be as follows:-
My Invention consists, 1st., in a mechanically fitting wad of thin metal,
wood, ebonite, leather, or other suitable material, so made as to fit accurately
into the rifling, and so in the act of loading to clean the barrel and force the
fouling down upon the surface of the powder before the bullet is rammed
down.
2ndly, in an improved method of manufacturing mechanically fitting bullets
for rifles by casting them in long lengths under pressure, the ends of the
bullets being subsequently formed by turning or otherwise. In producing
these bullets I use a mould about a foot long which is rifled in the interior
exactly resembling the rifled barrels in which the bullets are to be used, this
mould is placed horizontally and fixed to a tube in an upward direction,
and carried to a sufficient height to contain the necessary amount of lead to be
cast and to give a certain pressure; this tube is kept hot by gas jets or other-
wise, and a hand rod is inserted from the other end of the mould which nearly
fills the barrel, the end of this rod being screwed or roughened. Having inserted
the rod the melted lead is poured into the upright tube receptacle, whence
it runs into the mould and attaches itself to the roughened part of the rod,
which is then pulled out of the mould and so draws out a rod of lead having the

page_text: exact form of the rifled barrel; this rod is afterwards cut off in lengths for
the bullets, which may be shaped at the ends by turning in a lathe.
3rdly, in an improved method of filling up the cavities in the bases of
bullets by using for that purpose plaster of paris, baked clay, or any
earthy substance.
hard
NEW OR IMPROVED ARRANGEMENTS FOR GIVING BUOYANCY TO AND FACILITY FOR THE PROPULSION OF SHIPS, VESSELS, OR FLOATING BODIES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Vine at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th September
1864.
tr
I, JAMES VINE, of Trinity Street, in the County of Middlesex, Brush-
maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "NEW OR
IMPROVED ARRANGEMENTS FOR GIVING BUOYANCY TO AND FACILITY FOR THE
PROPULSION OF SHIPS, VESSELS, OR FLOATING BODIES," to be as follows:-
I construct cylindrical boxes or pontoons, hereafter termed pontoon wheels,
which are to be inflated or filled with air or with buoyant gases or vapours
if preferred, the outer circumferences of the said pontoon wheels being pro-
vided with floats or with propelling blades if preferred, the same being con-
nected to and actuated by a steam engine or other motive-power engine.
The said floats or propelling blades may be hinged to the said pontoon
wheels so as to feather or present either their narrow or broad surfaces to the
water in order that they may not offer any resistance to the water and yet
receive the effect of the same, and thus facilitate the propulsion of the ship,
vessel, or floating body. The said pontoon wheels may be applied at each
side of the ship, vessel, or floating body, four or six of them, for instance, that
is, two or three on each side, connected in pairs by axles passing through the
ship or floating body, and supported by suitable framing of wood or iron
situated within the same, or the ship, vessel, or floating body might, if thought
desirable, be merely raised and placed on a number of such said axles situated
beneath the bottom of the said ship, vessel, or floating body. In addition to.
the said pontoon wheels, or instead thereof, I use sails made as bags to be

page_text: inflated with air, buoyant gases, or vapours, the said bags being furnished with
air valves so as to permit of the air, buoyant gases, or vapours being removed
when the ship or vessel is lying in a port or dock, or when these aforesaid
sail bags are not required, and being also furnished with cords, ropes, or other
suitable apparatus, whereby they may be lowered so as to be out of the way
in a storm, or, when not required, instead of allowing the air, buoyant gases,
or vapours to escape, the said sails or bags being secured to the ship or other
floating body by cords, ropes, and pulleys, or by other similar or suitable
attachment.
AN IM- PROVED APPARATUS FOR LANDING PASSENGERS AND MERCHANDISE, WHICH APPARATUS IS APPLICABLE ALSO TO OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hugh Greaves at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th August
1864.
I, HUGH GREAVES, of Abingdon Street, in the City of Westminster, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IM-
PROVED APPARATUS FOR LANDING PASSENGERS AND MERCHANDISE, WHICH APPARATUS
IS APPLICABLE ALSO TO OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
It is applicable to positions in which it is required to land passengers and
merchandise from vessels at various states of the tide and it is inconvenient or
impossible for them to lie close in shore, and in which a fixed landing pier
having a roadway above the water or shore level would be too expensive
or otherwise objectionable.
It consists in laying or forming on piles or otherwise, at or near the shore
level, a rail or tramway which may be wholly or partially submerged, and
in making use thereon of a travelling stage or platform supported or carried
by a framework mounted on suitable wheels, and of such height as that the
stage or platform may be above the water level at all states of the tide. This
stage or platform is fitted with suitable convenience and shelter for the con-
veyance of the passengers and merchandise required, and carries also a
suitable steam or other engine, from which motion may be imparted by an
endless chain, a vertical shaft and toothed wheels, or other suitable arrange-
ment, to the travelling wheels beneath, which thus by their revolution and
adhesion upon or to the rails or trams give motion to the stage or platform as

page_text: required. In cases where the adhesion of the travelling wheels of the stage
or platform to the rails or trams may be found insufficient for moving the plat-
form I make use of a vertical shaft driven by the engine before mentioned, and
carried in bearings formed with or attached to the framework of the travelling
stage or platform, and upon its lower end I form or attach a toothed pinion
taking into a corresponding rack formed with or attached to the rail or tram-
way throughout its entire length; or otherwise, instead of the fixed rack before
mentioned, I employ for moving the platform a rope or chain fixed at each end
and extending the entire length of the rail or tramway, so that by means of a
drum or drums, toothed or otherwise, around or partly around which the rope
or chain passes, and which drum or drums is or are carried by the stage or
platform and driven by the engine before mentioned, the stage or platform
may be moved along the road or way as required; or otherwise, in some cases
where the inclination of the shore is considerable, I make use of a chain or
rope fixed only at the land end, and by means of the engine described I wind
it up on to the stage or platform, or slack it out as required.
The same description of apparatus may be employed for conveying pas-
sengers and merchandise across waters at or near the bottom or bed of which
it is practicable to lay or form a rail or tramway as described.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN CERTAIN WOOLLEN FABRICS CALLED ARMY CLOTHS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Stott at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th August
1864.
I, WILLIAM STOTT, of the Firm of Ely, Smith, and Co., of Greetland, near
Halifax, in the County of York, Woollen Manufacturer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN CERTAIN WOOLLEN
FABRICS CALLED ARMY CLOTHS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to that class of woollen fabrics which have a different
colour on each side, and commonly called "reversibles," and the object is to
obtain the two colours, and at the same time save the list, which list may
be either white or striped. This object is effected by printing either by
block, rollers, or other suitable means, instead of the usual method of
dyeing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLERS USED FOR ROLLING GRASS AND OTHer LANDS AND ROADS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Amies, William Barford,
and Edward Pope at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 11th July 1864.
We, THOMAS AMIES, WILLIAM BARFORD, and EDWARD POPE, all of Peter-
borough, in the County of Northampton, do hereby declare the nature of the
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLERS USED FOR ROLLING GRASS AND OTHer
LANDS AND ROADS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in rollers used for rolling
grass and other lands and roads. In the use of heavy rollers for rolling land,
particularly in long rollers, a very injurious action is produced on the surface
rolled by the turning of such rollers.
Now the present Invention consists in a novel construction of the framing
of a roller in order that the shafts or pole to which the horse or horses are
harnessed may be turned and enable the roller to be drawn back over the
same land, or in a line near thereto, without turning the roller. The axes or
necks at the end of the roller turn in suitable bearings in side framings fixed
below a framing to which the shafts or pole are connected. On the upper
surface of this frame is fixed a circular ring, which at its inner edge overlaps
another circular ring, which is fixed to a second frame to which the shafts or
the pole is applied. The two rings are arranged to fit each other, and the
one readily to slide on the other, with or without the aid of a roller or rollers,
it being however preferred that one or more rollers on the upper frame
should rest on the ring or circular track of the lower frame, and thus facilitate

page_text: the movement of one frame on the other. Two bolts are used, which can be
raised by the same hand lever; these bolts pass through holes in the upper
frame into holes in the lower frame, and hold the two frames together when
the bolts are not lifted.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Hutchinson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th March
1864.
I, WILLIAM HUTCHINSON, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
STEAM ENGINES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates, firstly, to the application of certain apparatus between
two cylinders, whereby motion may be communicated to an intermediate
crank, while at the same time a parallel motion is secured for the rods of the
two pistons. This apparatus consists of a fixed wheel with internal teeth, in
gear with which is a pinion carried by the crank; to this pinion the piston
rod is connected, and as the said pinion rolls around the internal teeth the
required parallel motion will be obtained. The cylinders above named may
both be steam cylinders, or one of them may be an air pump or force or
lifting pump.
the
Secondly, my Invention consists in certain methods of constructing the
above described parallel motion. Firstly, I construct the cylinder cover or
covers in one, with the part which carries the internal wheel and crank
pedestal, and also with a foundation plate. Secondly, I form a flange upon
pinion and cast the crank pin thereon. Thirdly, I form the central crank pin
conical with the smaller part of the journal next the crank. Fourthly, I
make the mounting cap of the piston rod with a double adjustment for the
purpose of applying it to two steam or other cylinders. Fifthly, I make the

page_text: centre steps of the crank pin in two parts, bored conical. Sixthly, I construct
the central stationary wheel with a loose cap provided with snugs, by which it
may be prevented from revolving; but I also hold it in its place by means
of screws, which may be turned at pleasure in order to shift the wheel at
times through a short distance for the purpose of compensating for wear.
Seventhly, I turnish the crank pin with a block and slide so as to steady its
movement.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RAILWAY CARRIAGES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank Watkins at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th October
1864.
I, FRANK WATKINS, of Feltham, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF RAILWAY CARRIAGES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the construction of
railway carriages, whereby greater strength will be acquired to resist the
force of collision, and whereby such carriages will travel with less resistance
from atmospheric pressure than the ordinary carriages, besides other general
advantages. I propose to construct the carriages of an oval or egg shape
with transverse plankings for top and sides, and beams below on same
principle. Above the ordinary windows I form glazed openings or skylights,
and also at each end of the carriages two or three similar lights, and corre-
sponding lights in each of the compartments, so as to form a direct line of
windows throughout the train; these windows are to hang on a pivot and
swing open vertically like an air window of a church. The doors are to be
made to slide inwards within a casement in ribs of carriage instead of opening
by hinges. The door would of course correspond with the curve of the side
of the carriage, and if there were no compartments one door would suffice, so
as to obviate the necessity for curved glass, the door being in the centre of

page_text: the carriage where the curve is reduced to a minimum. The bottom of the
carriages may be either egg-shaped or flat. Hand rails are to be fixed all
round the carriage. The top of the carriage may contain compressed gas for
lighting. The guard's look-out is to be at side in lieu of the top of the
carriage.