A CERTAIN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DIMINISHING THE EVAPORATION OP VINOUS, ALCOHOLIC, ACETIC, AND OTHER VOLATILE VAPOURS, AND FOR PREVENTING THE ABSORPTION NOXIOUS EFFLUVIA IN VINOUS, SPIRITUOUS, ACETOUS, AND OTHER FLUIDS, SUCH AS WINES, SPIRITS, MALT LIQUORS, CYDER, PERRY, AND VINEGAR
Year: 1837

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
WYNN, of Dean Street, Soho, in the County of Middlesex, Clockmaker, send
greeting.
WHEREAS His late most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date
at Westminster, the Fourth day of April, in the seventh year of His reign,
did, for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
William Wynn, His especial license, full power, sole privilege and authority,
that I, the said William Wynn, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said William Wynn, my executors, administrators, or
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of
Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "A CERTAIN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DIMINISHING THE EVAPORATION OP VINOUS, ALCOHOLIC,
ACETIC, AND OTHER VOLATILE VAPOURS, AND FOR PREVENTING THE ABSORPTION
NOXIOUS EFFLUVIA IN VINOUS, SPIRITUOUS, ACETOUS, AND OTHER FLUIDS,
SUCH AS WINES, SPIRITS, MALT LIQUORS, CYDER, PERRY, AND VINEGAR;" in
which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that I, the said William.
Wynn, shall cause a particular description of the nature of my said Invention,

page_text: and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in His
said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in
and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at
large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
William Wynn, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, are particularly described
and ascertained in and by the Drawing hereunto annexed, and the following
description thereof (that is to say):-
I diminish the evaporation of vinous, alcoholic, acetic, and other volatile
vapours, and prevent the absorption of noxious effluvia in vinous, spirituous,
acetous, and other fluids, such as wines, spirits, malt liquors, cyder, perry, and
vinegar, by cutting off or preventing the escape of the volatile effluvia or
vapours, and the introduction of noxous effluvia during such time as the
different fluids may either remain in their casks, barrels, or other vessels, such
as vats, for instance, in breweries, or whilst they are being drawn off for con-
sumption, or for transportation, or change of vessels, or other purposes. And
although other persons have endeavored to accomplish the same ends, yet I
believe they have not employed the same means to obtain their objects. I
shut off all communication with the atmosphere by connecting the various
vessels containing the said fluids with the following apparatus:-In Figure 1
A, A, represents a close receiver made somewhat upon the principle of organ
bellows, but varied so as to suit the altered circumstances. For instance, I
either take off part, of the weight of the upper board B by the counterweights
C, C, instead of loading it with an additional weight as usual in organ building.
These weights C, C, have lines to them which pass over the pullies D, D,
which are mounted upon the guiding frame E, E, E, E, and are connected
with the top board B in the centre of each end of it. Or, in preference, I
employ the means shewn in Figure 2, where only one weight F is used, from
which two lines G, G, proceed, one of them being passed over a pulley H,
which is mounted upon an axis, having necks or pivots at its ends, turning
upon proper supports or bearings affixed to the guiding frame, (but which are
not, howsoever, shewn), and upon the same axis another pulley I is mounted,
and consequently turns with the pulley H, and over it the line G passes, and
also over another pulley K*, likewise mounted upon the guiding frame, and
thence descends to the opposite end of the top board B, B, of the bellows A, A,
the two lines G, G, being secured to the spreading wires J, J, by hooks or
otlicrwise. By this latter contrivance I am enabled to preserve the paralellism

page_text: of the upper board B, B, more perfect than by the first-described method.
Figure 3 is a top view of the upper board B, B, which is framed together,
in the manner shewn in that Figure, for the sake of strength and lightness. It
is also additionally strengthened by the four angular pieces K, K, K, K, fitted
into the bottom of it at each corner. The bottom board L, L, Figure 1, of
the apparatus is formed in a similar manner with the top board, but in a
reversed position. In place of using leather for the sides of this apparatus, I.
generally prefer to employ the waterproof cloth composed of two thicknesses of
cloth united by means of caoutchouc or india rubber, and now commonly
known by the name of Mackintosh's waterproof cloth. This cloth I cement
to the top and bottom boards, and likewise to the angular wooden flaps intro-
duced between the folds of the cloth to preserve them at a proper distance
apart, as is usual in organ bellows, by means of glue or of caoutchouc in
solution. Two of these angular flaps are shewn separately at M, M, in
Figure 4, and an end view of three of them at M, M, M, in Figure 5, the
whole being also combined or united together in the organ builders' manner.
The top and bottom of the apparatus is likewise covered with the water-
proof cloth.
Having thus described the construction of this apparatus, I shall now.
proceed to show the manner of employing it. N, N, in Figure 1, are two
buts or beer barrels. Into the heads of these I insert the stopcocks 0, 0,
which are furnished with union joints at P, P, with elbow pieces to them, to
which metal pipes are soldered, and by means of which a communication is
formed with a larger pipe Q, Q, placed in an inclined or descending position
towards a cock R, by which it may be occasionally emptied of any liquid
which may have lodged therein. A pipe, furnished with a cock S, ascends
from the pipe Q, Q, and passes through the bottom of an enlarged portion of
this pipe, and which bottom has likewise a plate of metal fixed in an oblique
position over the opening into it, so as to meet any liquid which happens to
escape from the barrels, and cause it to return back through the pipe Q, Q,
whilst any gaseous or volatile matters which it may contain will flow on to
the apparatus A, A, through the pipe T, which is passed through one of the
angular pieces K, K, fixed in the corners of its bottom board L, L; and in
consequence of this action 1 term the said enlarged part of the pipe Ta
separator. This pipe T has a union joint, shewn in Figure 6, at U, by which
it is combined with a short pipe V, having a flat circular plate W formed
upon it, by which it can be screwed or otherwise affixed to one of the angular
pieces K, K, at the corner of the bottom board L, L, of the apparatus. I so
manage the weights C, C, or F, that a degree of pressure shall always be

page_text: exerted upon the fluids contained in the vessels N,
and which can be.
regulated as required, and according to the state of the said fluids. By this
means I prevent the evaporation of the vinous, alcoholic, acetic, and other
volatile vapours from the said fluids, as would be the case were they suffered
to communicate with the atmosphere; and I likewise at the same time cut off
all danger of their absorbing any noxious effluvia: Instead of atmospheric
air then, I prefer to introduce carbonic acid into the apparatus in sufficient
quantity to occupy the space in the vessels which would occur if the liquid
contents of them were to be drawn off. In order to prevent any danger.
arising from overfilling the apparatus, I place a safety valve similar to that
shewn at X in Figure 7, upon an orifice made through one of the angular,
corner pieces K in the top board B of the apparatus, as shewn at X in
Figure 3, and the end of the lever coming into contact with the top of the
guiding frame E, it will thereby open the valve and suffer the extra quantity
of gas to escape. And although I chiefly contemplate the employment of
this apparatus in those cases where wines, spirits, malt liquors, cyder, perry,
and vinegar are concerned, yet, as it likewise may be used for spirits of tur-
pentine, ether, or other volatile vapours which would act as solvents of
caoutchouc or indian rubber, so in such cases I must use glue or other proper
cements in lieu thereof, and likewise also substitute leather or other proper
flexible material in place of the india rubber waterproof cloth. In order to
convey carbonic acid gas into or out of this apparatus, I employ a forcing or
other suitable pumps furnished with pipes and proper connecting joints, and
which may be applied to the pipe Y, shewn in Figure 1. In removing a
barrel or other vessel when empty, I first shut one of the cocks Z, Z, Figure 1,
then loosen the union joint P and remove the empty vessel; having then
brought a full vessel to its intended place, I remove the cock O from the
empty vessel and insert it into the full one, and then by means of the union
joint P connect it with the apparatus. Although I have mentioned such
materials as I have found eligible in the construction of the various parts of
my said apparatus, yet I do not mean or intend thereby to limit or confine
myself to the employment of those materials only, but to use any which may
bé fit and proper for the purpose.
'
In witness whereof, I, the said William Wynn, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fourth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and thirty-seven.
WILLIAM (L.S.) WYNN.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Fourth day of October, in
the first year of the reign of Her Majesty Queen Victoria, the said William
Wynn came before our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknow-
ledged the Instrument aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained
5 and specified, in form above written. And also the Instrument aforesaid was
stamped according to the tenor of the Statute made in the fifty-fifth year of
the reign of His late Majesty King George the Third.
Inrolled the Fourth day of October, One thousand eight hundred and
thirty-seven.