IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON- STRUCTION OF UNION. JOINTS "
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Thomas Garratt of Camberwell in the County of -
Surrey, Brass Finisher for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON-
STRUCTION OF UNION. JOINTS
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Thomas Garratt
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st March 1883.
JAMES THOMAS GARRATT of Camberwell in the County of Surrey, Brass
Finisher "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF UNION JOINTS,"
The object of this invention is to provide a locking union joint for gas and
water pipes, beer engine and other pipes, and fire and other hose."
A union joint, as is well known, consists of three parts, viz, a lining, a lump,
and a nut. The lining and the lump being secured to the ends of their respective
pipes, and when placed together, are secured by the nut, which is strung on the
lining, and screws onto the lump, and which jams a shoulder on the lining against
the lump, and so makes a tight joint.
The lining is usually formed with an annular flange projecting beyond the
shoulder, which flange fits loosely into the lump, and serves to maintain the lining
concentric with the lump, and thus ensures a proper joint being made.
•
In this form of union joints, the lining is liable to turn with the nut when
unscrewing, and so form kinks in the pipe or hose to which it is attached. This is
particularly the case with beer engine pipes, which have often to be disconnected
from the beer engine for various purposes, and the kinking during the disconnecting,
and consequent breaking of the pipes, forms a serious item in the working expenses
of a publican.
The turning of the lining may be due to the corroding together of the nut and
the lining, or the weight of the pipe or hose causes the lining to hang in the nut,
so that by unscrewing the nut, the lining is turned with it. In the case of fire
hose, the twisting of the hose to which the lining is attached, if to the left, will
have the effect of unscrewing the nut, and so disconnect the hose.
It is sometimes necessary to use a couple of wrenches to unscrew the nut, and if
the nut be corroded to the lining, a second attendant and a third wrench is required

page_text: to hold the lining. In like manner, two firemen are required to couple up fire hose,
thus wasting labor and time which might be more profitably employed.
Now according to my invention, all these difficulties and inconveniences will be
avoided, as I form a locking union joint which will effectually prevent any turning
of the lining.
To this end I form on the lining a square, hexagonal, or other suitably shaped
flange, which fits into a socket in the lump correspondingly shaped internally.
Or I form on the lining ribs, wings, or feathers, which fit into corresponding
recesses in the lump.
These ribs will be so arranged that they will not interfere with the proper
working of the nut to secure the two parts of the union together.
In general, lining with the square or other shaped flange, or the ribs, wings or
feathers, as well as the lump, with the corresponding recesses, will be cast in that
form, and when cleaned, will be found to fit sufficiently tight for all practical
purposes.
-
By the use of my improved union joint, it will be seen that all risk of the lining
turning with the nut, or unscrewing the nut, will be entirely avoided.

page_text: :
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said James Thomas Garratt in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
21st September 1883.
JAMES THOMAS GARRATT of Camberwell in the County of Surrey Brass
Finisher "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF UNION JOINTS."
The object of this Invention is to provide a locking union joint for gas and water
pipes, beer engine and other pipes, and fire and other hose.
A union joint, as is well known consists of three parts .viz, a lining, a lump,
and a nut. The lining and the lump which are cylindrical in cross section are
secured to the ends of their respective pipes in any convenient manner and when
placed together to form a joint are secured by the nut, which is strung on the
lining and screws on to the lump, and which jams a shoulder or flange on the lining
against the lump and so makes a tight joint
The end of the lining fits loosely into the lump, and serves to maintain the lining
concentric with the lump and thus ensures a proper joint being made
In this form of union joints the lining is liable to turn with the nut when
unscrewing and so form kinks in the pipe or hose to which it is attached This
is particularly the case, with beer engine pipes, which have often to be disconnected
from the beer engine for various purposes, and the kinking and consequent
breaking of the pipes during the disconnection forms a serious item in the working
expenses of a publican.
The turning of the lining may be due to the attachment by corrosion of the nut
and the lining or to the weight of the pipe or hose causing the lining to hang in
the nut.
In the case of fire hose the twisting to the left of the hose to which the lining
is attached, from any cause during working, will have the effect of unscrewing
the nut, and disconnecting the hose
It is sometimes necessary to use a couple of wrenches to unscrew the nut and if
the nut be corroded to the lining, a second attendant and a third wrench is
required to hold the lining, In like manner two firemen are required to couple
up fire hose, thus wasting labour and time which might be more profitably
employed.
Now according to my invention all these difficulties and inconveniences will be
avoided, as I form an interlocking union joint which will effectually prevent any
turning of the lining
For this purpose I form the end of the lining to interlock with the socket in the
lump thus I make it either square or hexagonal or of other suitable shape and I
fit the lining thus shaped into a lump which is correspondingly shaped internally
to receive it.
Or I form the lining with ribs wings or feathers, which fit into corresponding
recesses formed in the lump
These ribs will be so arranged that they will not interfere with the proper
working of the nut to secure the two parts of the Union together.
In the accompanying drawing I have shewn my invention as applied to an
elbow or Main ferrule Fig: 1 being an external view of the elbow or Main ferrule
with a union joint Fig: 2 an end view and Fig: 3 a section of a lining and nut
constructed according to my invention Fig: 4 is a plan view and Fig 5 is a
longitudinal section of a lump constructed according to my invention Figs 6
and 7 are respectively an endview and section of a modification in the construction
of the lining and Figs 8 and 9 are a plan view and section of the corresponding
lump.
a is the lining the flange or shoulder thereof and the nut the end a¹ of the

page_text: lining is made hexagonal externally as seen at Fig: 2 61 is a leather or rubber
washer, d is the elbow or Main ferrule with lump The socket of this lump is
made hexagonal as seen at Fig: 4 to receive the hexagonal end of the lining a
In Figs 6, 7. 8 and 9 I show a modification in the construction of my union
joint Instead of making the end a" of the lining hexagonal I form thereon ribs
wings or feathers e which fit into corresponding recesses el formed in the lump
Bocket
.
In general, linings with the square or other shaped end, or with the ribs wings
or feathers, as well as the lump with the corresponding recesses, will be cast in
that form, and when cleaned will be found to fit sufficiently tight for all practical
purposes.
By the use of my improved union joint it will be seen that all risk of the lining
turning with the nut, or unscrewing the nut, will be entirely avoided, and as an
additional advantage the putting together of the parts to form the joint will be
greatly facilitated
Having now described my invention of Improvements in the construction of
union joints and explained the manner of carrying the same into effect I claim.
An interlocking union joint constructed substantially as herein shown and
described whereby the inconveniences arising from the turning of the lining when
breaking the joint will be avoided as setforth
In witness whereof I the said James Thomas Garratt have hereunto set my
hand and seal the Twenty first day of September in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty three.
ΜΠΟΥΓΙΑ
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