Improvements in or in connection with the Inking Mechanism or Means Employed for Multi-colour Printing, applicable to Mono- colour or Ordinary Printing.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 27th Dec., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 27th Sept., 1895-Accepted, 27th Dec., 1805
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Improvements in or in connection with the Inking Mechanism or
Means Employed for Multi-colour Printing, applicable to Mono-
colour or Ordinary Printing.
I, WINFIELD SCOTT ANGLEMAN of 540 West Front Street, Plainfield, Union
County, New Jersey, U.S.A. at present residing at Brown's Hotel, Dover Street,
London, do hereby declare the nature of this invention (a communication to me
from abroad by Thomas William Morrison of Mountain Avenue, Plainfield, Union
County, New Jersey, U.S A.) to be as follows:-
This invention relates generally to the art of pruting in one or more colours and
more particularly to improvements in or in connection with the inking mechanism
o means employed for multi-colour printing-applicable to mono-colour or ordinary
pinting so as to produce the desired distribution blending and variation of colour
or depth of toue upon the sheet or other surface to be printed the apparatus
employed according to this invention including the specific construction of the
inking mechanism and its arrangement and disposition with respect to the form and
impression cylinders of the printing press which latter may be of any suitable
character either cylindrical or flat.
It also relates to a novel construction of the ink-receiving jacket or shell
of those rollers of the inking mechanism which are proxunate to the form-inking
rollei.
The usual continuous web or other suitable form of paper or other suitable
material passes between the impression cylinder and the type-bearing cylinder ou
other form of a printing press. Adjacent to the form is arranged the form-inking
roller of any suitable construction but advantageously consisting of a roller shaft
provided with arms which support the stock This stock is provided with a cover
advantageously in two similar parts o halves. Each half consists of a semi-
cylindrical base of metal having upon its periphery the customary soft or other
suitable roller composition and is or may be provided at its corners with sciew
thrended apertures for the reception of set screws whereby the cover may be
adjusted toward or from the said stock of the roller so as to compensate for
wear of the composition and to permit of the ready removal of the cover as
deaned.
Encompassing the form-iuking roller are a suitable number of sets of inking
mechanism each set comprising an inking fountain with a suitable train of rollers
in connection therewith to the last roller (which 18 of special construction) trans-
mitting the ink to the form uking roller for instance the customary hard roller
then a soft roller or rollers taking the ink from said hard roller and a specially
constructed hard roller transmitting the ink from the soft rollers to the form-inking
rollei.
The inking fountain advantageously consists of a trough suitably mounted for
instance upon studs one of which is connected with an arm adjustably fulcrumed
to the frame and engaging at its opposite end within a double grooved cam upon
the continuously revolving inhing roller shaft whereby during the revolution of the
shaft the trough is given a reciprocating motion.
The trough is oi may be provided with a series of transverse partitions forming
nockets for the reception of inks of different colours. One of the purposes of

page_text: imparting reciprocating motion to the trough is to cover with ink those parts of
the roller immediately opposite the partitions in other words to render it possible
to begin the blending at once
It is obvious thint the same effect would be produced by reciprocating the roller
itself in any suitable manner either independently or in conjunction with the trough.
In the pockets of the trough tin cases or other suitable cases may be placed for
holding the colours-said cases having openings provided with slides or other
suitable means to control or entirely interrupt the outflow therefrom
To further graduate the amount of colour fed by the first 1oller of the inking
fountain to the next roller or rollers the usual flexible blades may be used (one for
each compartment or tin case) and by suitable menus such as a set screw regulate
the distance of the free end of the blade from the said first uk olle and
consequently the thickness of the layer of the ink supplied thereto.
Between the formn inking roller and each of the sets or trains of inking rollers is
interposed in each set a specially constructed inking roller. The function of the
la-t mentioned specially constructed toller in each set is to supply to the form-
mhing tolle the several colours which they take up from the said sets of rollers
respectively.
The production of these specially constructed rollers with the surfaces thereof
formed and arranged to be used as active sun faces to apply the ink 10 patches or
other desed manuer to the form-inking roller forms a very essential and important
feature of the present invention.
I will non describe the construction and operation of each of four of these
special rollers by way of example for use in printing with the three pinnary
colours and black (it being understood that any other suitable number of sets of
ollers each containing its said special roller may be used if desned) as
follows
-
The matter to be printed on the press having first been composed or prepared
and justified in the form a number of proofs thereof are first taken in the usual
manner upon paper of a quality that will withstand without serious injury when
suitably backed the temperature and weight of molten stereotype metal The
number of these proofs should for convenience be in excess of the primary colouis
which it is desued to ultimately print upon the sheet.
Upon this extra proof the person whose office it is to determine upon the
colouring indicates by drawing a line about those portions of the page which at
to be coloured or black and within or near this line he also indicates whether they
are to be coloured in red blue yellow black or blends of same.
proper
The sheet thus marked 18 together with the uninarked proofs taken to the
person who thereupon cuts from one of the uumarked proofs those portions which
are to be coloured red on the printed page. From another of the unmaikel
proofs he in like manner cuts those parts that are to be coloured yellow
and so on
If any part of the marked proof is indicated to be printed in a colour blended
from the primary colours as for instance a blend of red and yellow he cuts such
part from the proof sheets intended for each of those colours.
The cut prools thus produced I will for convenience call "masks." They are
each made of the desired thickness and attached to a suitable backing for instance
papier mache and cach forms the matrix from which a casting m stereotype metal
is produced said casting consisting of a shell having relief thereon projections
corresponding in shape and extent to the cut away portions of the mask. These
shells o jackets are cast in semi-cylindrical or other suitable form so as to be
readily applied to the said special tollers and constitute the inking surface thereof,
thus the shell corresponding to the proposed blue colouing is placed upon the
special roller of the inking set supplying that colour the shell coresponding to the
proposed red colouring is placed upou the special roller of the inking set supplying
that colour and so on
The soft rollers of the set of rollers coming in contact with the special rolleis

page_text: are so arranged as only to ink the raised projections on the latter and upon
operating the press the several special rollers will each supply to the form inking
roller patches of colour corresponding in size and amount to the projections that con
and coresponding in distribution to the distribution of colouring that is required
to be deposited on the form. The several special rollers and the form are of course
so geared operated or arranged that the form-iuking roller will receive in the exact.
positions required and will in turn transmit to the form the colours received in exact
register therewith according to the pre-determined airangement
The picture plates employed upon the form for the purpose of illustrating the
sheet or other surface to be printed are produced in any suitable manner for
instance castings in stereotypes metal taken from moulds or matrices produced from
swelled gelative negatives of the picture itself. In order to produce the pioner
surface upon the said special rollers to suitably ink these printing plates in
accordance with this invention a second sensitized gelatine plate made in a reverse
position to the first negative is used.
In this manner this second plate will receive a positive impression the reverse
of the positive impression received by the first plate and when the said reverse
gelatine positive 18 swelled it will correspond to the first swelled gelatine positive
exactly in outline if the two were placed face to face with the further peculiarity
that each projection upon one of the swelled positives when thus placed face to
face would be in exact juxtaposition to a corresponding projection on the other and
cach depression upon oue of these swelled gelatine positives would be in exact
Juxtaposition to a corresponding depression on the other. It 16 important to note
that the eveise gelatine positive is not the same as a negative taken from the
ouginal subject for the reason that a negative so takon and swelled if placed face
to face with the swelled positive would present a depression in juxtaposition to an
elevation on the swelled positive and an elevation in juxtaposition to a depression
on sard swelled positive. It will be apparent that instead of reversing a sensitized
gelatie plate for the production of the second swelled gelatine positive the saine
result could be obtained by placing in the camera a sensitized gelative plate
without reversing said plate and then employ a reversing lens for obtaining the
reversed negative thereon.
From the swelled reversed gelatine positive produced in either of the ways
specified a casting is obtained in stereotype metal in a mould or matrix made from
the impression given from the said swelled reversed positive. The stereotype thus
produced is itself a reversed negative of the stereotype first produced and it is
placed in the printing form temporarily and in the usual mauver an impression is
taken of the entire form by pressing upon it a sheet of moistened papier-mache This
impressed papier-mache serves as the backing or matix for the masks cone-
sponding to the pictures to be coloured and it is evident that the stereotype metal
hing roller shells cast in such matrices will have upon their surfaces projections
which are reverse negatives of the picture to be painted or of such poitions thereof
as are to be printed in particular colours. It will of course be understood that it
18 within the intent and scope of this invention to print the picture plates in ono
colour in which event the reverse positive projection upon one of the said special
rollers will coespond to the entire picture. When the picture is to be coloured
differently in different parts a portion of said reverse positive will appear upon
another of said special rollers and so on as hereinbefore described.
In the painting operation the reverse positive stereotype plates that were
temporarily placed in the printing form are of course hrst removed and in their
place :s inserted in each instance the corresponding positive printing plate The
character of the reverse positive projections on the said special rollers for inking
the picture plates 18 such that the ink is supplied to the picture plates in such
manuel as to produce exceedingly fine effects especially in the shading
each bulging and depression of the picture plate on the form however minute of
consider ble respectively huds its counterpart in exact reverse position upon the
said special roller or rollers. These latter rollers by reason of the bulgings and
Thus

page_text: In like
depressions secure the distribution of more ink on their higher portions or bulgings
than on their depressed portions because the higher portions press harder upon
their respective fountain roller from which they take their supply
manner these higher or bulging portions of the reverse negatives of the said special
rollers give off more ink to the form-inking roller aud at exactly the points where
the negative picture plates of the form present their correspondingly high points
to the form-inking roller the more dopressed portions receiving a correspondingly
less supply. The production of the printing plates themselves and of the
corresponding reverse negatives thereof from like photographic plates and by a
stereoty ping process insures absolute uniformity of result and high excellence in
product at a cost comparatively small for this kind of work.
It will be observed that the matrix of papier-mache which is to furnish the
backing for the masks correspouding to the ordinary type portions of the form
are to have smooth surfaces thereby producing correspondingly smooth projections
apon the said special rollers these projectious beug of uniform height throughout
instead of being irregular in height as is the case mth the projections Corre-
sponding to the printing plates. The advantage of having these uniform
projections is that in practice it is found that the ink is thus distributed to the
type to the best advantage.
It is to be remembered that the bulgings and depressions of the positive
counterpart on the said special roller or rollers vary the shading so as to produce
the same graduations present in the original modified by the colours applied or
when using black alone or one colour only these special rollers may be arranged so
that one of them imparts the ink over a certain amount of surface as a patch or
otherwise and anothei special roller also imparts ink to the same patch but only
over part thereof and so on-by this moans producing very effective and delicate
graduations or variations in the depth of shadilig
66
In some instances (as for example in hurriedly issuing a late edition or au
""
extra of a newspaper) it may be of importance to save the time required
for producing the stei cotype picture plate for the form and to use instead
thereof a fat half-tone or line engraving. In such case nevertheless the bulged
counter part upon the said special roller or rollers is used and produces advan-
tageons results for the reason that the said bulged counterpart acts as before in
distibuting the ink to the form-inking roller. It is however obvious that the same
delicacy of shading can not be obtained by the employment of the flat plate as by
the employment of the stereotyped negative inasmuch as the latter co-operates as
has been herembefore explamed to peculiar advantage in the taking up of the ink
or colour from the form-iuking roller and in exact accordance with the manner in
which the bulged special roller has imparted said colour to the form-inking toller
part of this advantage being lost where a flat engraving is used on the form. In
some cases also where tho bulged reverse negatives are employed upon the said
special rollers any design upon the corresponding sun face of the form cylinder inay
be dispensed with and use made instead thereof of a smooth surface upon the form
cylinder which receives the layers of colour of different thicknesses from the
form-inking cylinder and prints them direct upon the paper or other surface to be
printed.
In urther explanation of the principles of this invention it may be observed
that if the form cylinder alone were provided with the bulged or irregular surface
for the printing plates it could not be used to advantage as it would require a hard
tympan ou the impression cylinder to produce even fair results inasmuch as a soft
tympan would press into the depressed portions of the bulged surface of the picture
plates. In this invention on the contrary the bulged or irregular surfaces of the
said special rollers regulate with exactness the thickness of the layers of colour
that are to be applied to the picture plates on the form whether said picture plates
be bulged or flat and it follows necessarily that the picture plates can only print
the ink on the paper in corresponding layers for which reason it is a matter of no
consequence whether the tympan on the impression cylinder 18 bard as of manilla
1

page_text: paper or soft as of rubber or felt. For this reason this invention can be applied"
directly to existing web presses which print in one colour and in which soft
tympans such as felt are usually used. It will furthermore he observed that in
adapting my invention to such presses the tympan is prepared for the printing
operation in the usual manner; employed for ordinary type printing
It is of course evident that by the employment of this invention the use of
engravings as commonly understood can be dispensed with for instance such as cut
by hand or by machine with the aid of engraving tools or that have been etched by
acids or cut by the aid of the sand blast or the like.
In the construction of the inking trough the tin cases herein before mentioned
may be dispensed with and instead thereof the colours may be placed directly
in the partitioned compartments. But the employment of the cases is advantageous
principally because they may be readily transferred from one compartment to
another aud furthermore these cases may be made in two parts sliding tele-
scopically one within the other whereby the length of their discharge openings may
be varied to suit the exact requirements of use.
The herein before described adjusting screws of the inking fountains play
important parts in the practical carrying out of this invention because of the
fact that they permit the supply of colour to be varied respectively from the
several fountains with such graduated regularity as to produce the exact blend
desired where said colours are superimposed upon each other. So also the dividing
of the trough into sections forming colour pockets in conjunction with the lateral
reciprocation of the trough or its roller and the rotation of the latter not only
peiinits the inking of those parts of the roller opposite the partitions but permits
blendings of colour upon the roller itself whereby rainbow and -like effects can be
readily produced.
Instead of forming each mask from a separate proof sheet a single proof may
he laid on a sheet of papier-mache or other suitable material and by puncturing of
crossing the proof like punctures or crossings will be made in the papier mache
thereby indicating the parts that are to be cut from it. The paper mache is then
ent along the line of the punctures or crossings and thus becomes a mask to be used
in the stereotyping operation in the same way that a cut proof would have been
used and for which it furnishes a substitute. In this way a single proof may be
used to produce a set of masks for the entire series of the said special rollers each
mask being made to correspond with the projection to be produced upon its
appropiate roller
In this case pin holes through the corners of the proof
masks and matrix or other base will serve for the introduction of registering.
points. It may be said generally that in casting the shells by the use of the masks
and then matrices care should be taken to have each mask ht snugly so that the
metal will not run between the mask and the papier-mache matrix or base and to
this end it may sometimes be necessary to touch up or seal the edges of the
openings in any suitable manner for instance with clay or some other suitable
material.
Any suitable composition may be employed for the form-inking roller for
instance the usual composition of glue glycerine and molasses. It may be cast
upon the segmental bases on shells the toim-inking roller or in recesses made in
said segmental bases or in said seginental bases as a frame work or in other suitable
mannel. The impression roller form-roller and sets of ink fountain rollers are of
the usual or any suitable construction and need no further description. Provision
is made by the ordinary adjustments for regulating the pressure of the various
rollers upon each other throughout the entire press and for varying said pressure
at will. The rollers when in the press and not in use should be separated as much.
as 18 necessary to prevent the soft rollers becoming flattened by the constant
pressure of the hard rollers or type cylinder upon them this being the usual
precaution ordinarily taken on presses provided with adjacent soft and hard
rollers.
The inking mechanism is of course so-arranged that it may be readily prepared
I

page_text: for its work. This mechanism may for this purpose be swung upon a pivot or
drawn upon a slide or rack away from the press and so as to re-engage therewith
in any suitable manner.
By the means and apparatus hereinbefore described it is possible to print paper
cotton or other textile fabric or other suitable material as desired in a laige variety
of colours by a single impression only or by a very few impressions.
Dated this 7th day of December 1901
Improvements in or in connection with the Inking Mechanism or
Means Employed for Multi-colour Printing, applicable to Mono-
colour or Ordinary Printing.
I, WINFIELD SCOTT ANGLEMAN of 540 West Front Street, Plainfield, Union
County, New Jersey, U.S A. at present residing at Brown's Hotel, Dover Street,
London, do hereby declare the nature of this invention (a communication to me
from abroad by Thomas William Morrison of Mountain Avenue, Plainfield, Union
County, New Jersey, U.S.A.) and in what manner the same is to be performed to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates generally to the art of painting in one or more colours
and more particularly to improvements in or in connection with the inking
mechanism 01 means employed for multi-colour printing-applicable to mono-
colour ordinary printing so as to produce the desired distribution blending and
variation of colour on depth of tone upon the sheet or other surface to be printed
the apparatus employed according to this invention including the specific con-
struction of the inking mechanism and its arrangement and disposition with respect
to the form and impression cylinders of the printing press which latter may be of
any suitable character either cylindrical or flat
It also relates to a novel construction of the ink-receiving jacket or sholl of
those rollors of the inking mechanism which are proxunate to the form-uking
roller.
The usual continuous web or other suntable form of paper or other suitable
material passes between the impression cylinder and the type-bearing cylinder or
other form of a printing press. Adjacent to the form is arranged the form-inking
roller of any suitable construction but advantageously consisting of a roller shaft
provided with arms which support the stock The stock is provided with a cover
advantageously in two similar parts or halves. Each balf consists of a semi-
cylindrical base of metal having upon its periphery the customary soft or other
suitable roller composition and 18 or may be provided at its corners with screw-
threaded apertures for the reception of set screws whereby the cover may be
adjusted toward or from the said stock of the roller so as to compensate for wear of
the composition and to permit of the ready removal of the cover as desired
Encompassing the form-inking roller aio a suitable number of sets of inking
mechanism each set comprising an inking fountain with a suitable tram of rollers
in connection therewith to the last roller (which is of special construction)
transmitting the ink to the form inking roller for instance the customary hard
roller then a soft roller or rollers taking the ink from said hard roller and a specially
constructed hard roller transmitting the uk from the soft rollers to the form-inking
roller.
The inking fountain advantageously consists of a trough suitably mounted for

page_text: instance upon studs one of which is connected with an arm adjustably fulcrumed
to the frame and engaging at its opposite end within a double grooved cam upon
the continuously revolving inking roller shaft whereby during the revolution of
the shaft the trough is given a reciprocating motion.
Tho trough 18 or may be provided with a series of transverse partitions forming
pockets for the reception of inks of different colours. One of the purposes of
imparting a reciprocating motion to the trough is to cover with ink those parts of
the ollei immediately opposite the partitions in other words to render it possible
to begin the blending at once.
It is obvious that the same effect would be produced by reciprocating the roller
itself in any suitable manner either independently or in conjunction with the trough.
In the pockets of the trough in cases or other suitable cases may be placed for
holding the colours-said cases having openings provided with slides or other
suitable means to control or entirely interrupt the outdow therefrom.
To further graduate the amount of colour fed by the first roller of the inking
fountain to the next 1oller or rollers the usual flexible blades may be used (one for
each compartment or tin case) and by suitable means such as a set screw regulate
the distance of the free end of the blade from the said first ink roller aud
consequently the thickness of the layer of the ink supplied thereto.
Between the form tuking roller and each of the sets or trains of inking rollers
IB Interposed in each set a specially constructed inking rolle The function of the
last mentioned specially constructed roller in each set is to supply to the form-
king roller the several colours which they take up from the said sets of 1ollers
respectively
The production of these specially constructed rollers with the surfaces thereof
formed and arranged to be used as acuve surfaces to apply the ink in patches or
other desired mauner to the form-inking roller forms a very essential and important
feature of the present invention.
I will now describe the construction and operation of each of four of these special
rollers by way of example for use in printing with the three primary colours and
black (it being understood that any other suitable number of sets of rollers each.
containing its said special aller may be used if desired) as follows
-
The matter to be printed on the press having first been composed or prepared.
and justified in the form of a number of proofs thereof are first taken in the usual
manner upon paper of a quality that will withstand without serious injury when
suitably backed the temperature and weight of molten stereotype metal. The
number of these proofs should for convenience be in excess of the primary colours
which it is desned to ultimately print upon the sheet
Upon this extra proof the person whose office it is to determine upon the
colouring indicates by diawing a line about those portions of the page which are
to be coloured on black and within or near this line he also indicates whether they
are to be coloured in red blue yellow black or blends of same.
The sheet thus marked is together with the unmarked proofs taken to the proper
person who thereupon cuts from one of the unmarked proofs those portions which are
to be colomed red on the punted page. From another of the unmarked proofs
be in like maunci cuts those parts that are to be coloured yellow and so on.
If any part of the marked proof is indicated to be printed in a colour blended
from the primary colours as for instance a blend of red and yellow he cuts such
part from the proof sheets intended for each of those colonis
The cut proofs thus produced 1 will for convenience call "masks." They ate
each made of the desued thickness and attached to a suitable backing for instance
papier-mache and each forms the matrix from which a casting in stereotype metal
is produced said casting consisting of a shell having in relief thereon projections
corresponding in shape and extent to the cut away portions of the mash. These
shells Jackets are cast in semi-cylindrical or other suitable form so as to be
readily applied to the said special rollers and constitute the king surface thereof,
thus the shell coresponding to the proposed blue colouring is placed upon the

page_text: special roller of the inking set supplying that colour the shell corresponding to the
proposed red-colouring is placed upon the special roller of the 'inking set supplying
that colour and so on.
The soft rollers of the set of rollers coming in contact with the special rollers
are so arranged as only to ink-the raised projections on the latter and upon operating
the press the several special rollers will each supply to the forin inking toller
patches of colour corresponding in size and amount to the projections thereon and
corresponding in distribution to the distribution of colouring that is required to be
deposited on the form. The several special rollers and the form are of course 30
geared operated or arranged that the form-inking roller will receive in the exact
positions required and will in turn transmit to the form the colours received in
exact register herewith according to the pre-determined arrangement.
The picture plates employed upon the form for the purpose of illustrating the
sheet of other surface to be printed are produced in any suitable maone for
instance castings in stereotype metal taken from moulds or matices produced from
swelled gelatine negatives of the picture itself. In order to produce the proper
surface upon the said special rollers to suitably ink these printing plates in
accordance with this invention a second sensitized gelatine plate made in a levelse
position to the first negative is used.
In this mauuer this second plate will receive a positive impression the reverse of
the positive impression received by the first plate and when the said reverse
gelatine positive is swelled it will correspond to the first swelled gelatine positive
exactly in outline if the two were placed face to face with the further peculiarity
that each projection upon one of the swelled positives when thus placed face to
face would be in exact juxtaposition to a corresponding projection on the other aud
each depression upon one of these swelled gelatine positives would be in exact
Juxtaposition to a corresponding depression on the other. It is important to note
that the reverse gelatine positive is not the same as a negative taken from the
original subject for the reason that a negative so taken and swelled if placed face
to face with the swelled positive would present a depression in juxtaposition to
an elevation on the swelled positive and an elevation in juxtaposition to a depression
on said swelled positive. It will be apparent that instead of reversing a sensitized
gelatie plate for the production of the second swelled gelatine positive the same
result would be obtained by placing in the camera a sensitized gelatine plate
without eversing said plate and then employ a reversing lens for obtaining the
reversed negative thereon.
From the swelled reversed gelatine positive produced in either of the ways
specified a casting is obtained in stereotype metal in a mould or matrix made from
the impression given from the said swelled reversed positive. The stereotype thus
produced is itself a roversed negative of the stereotype first produced and it is
placed in the printing form temporarily and in the usual manner an impression is
taken of the entire form by pressing upon it a sheet of moistened papier-mache.
This unpressed papier-mache serves as the backing or matrix for the masks
corresponding to the pictures to be coloured and it is evident that the stereotype
metal inking roller shells cast in such matrices will have upon their surfaces
projections which are reverse negatives of the picture to be printed or of such
portions thereof as are to be printed in particular colours. It will of course be
understood that it is within the intent and scope of this invention to print the
picture plates in one colour in which event the reverse positive projection upon one
of the said special rollers will correspond to the entire picture. When the
picture is to be coloured differently in different parts a portion of said reverse
positive will appear upon another of said special rollers and so on as heieinbefore
described.
In the printing operations the reverse positive stereotype plates that were
temporarily placed in the painting form are of course first removed and in their
place is inserted in each instanco the corresponding positive printing plate. The
character of the reverse positive projections on the said special rollers for inking

page_text: the picture plates is such that the ink is supplied to the picture plates in such
manner as to produce exceedingly hne effects especially in the shading. Thus
each bulging and depression of the picture plate on the form however minute or
Considerable respectively finds its counterpart in exact reverse position upon the
said special roller or rollers. These latter rollers by reason of their bulging, and
depressions secure the distribution of more ink on their higher portions or
bulgings than on their depressed portions because the higher portions press harder
upon their respective fountain toller from which they take then supply. In like
an inner these higher or bulging portions of the reverse negatives of the said special
llers give off more ink to the form-inking toller and at exactly the points where
the negativo picture plates of the form present then correspondingly high points
to the form-inking roller the more depressed portions receiving a correspondingly
less supply. The production of the printing plates themselves and of the coue-
sponding reverse negatives thereof hom liko photographic plates and by a
stereotyping process insures absolute uniformity of result and high excellence m
product at a cost comparatively small for this kind of work.
It will be observed that the matrix of papier-mache which is to furnish the
backing for the masks corresponding to the ordinary type portions of the form are
to have smooth surfaces thereby producing correspondingly smooth projections upon
the said special rollers these projections being of uniform height throughout instead
of being regula in height as is the case with the projectious corresponding to the
printing plates The advantage of having these uniform projections is that in
practice it is found that the ink is thus distributed to the type to the best
advantage.
It is to be remembered that the bulgings and depressions of the positive counter-
pait on the said special roller or 1olleis vary the shading so as to produce the same
giaduations present in the original modified by the colours applied or when using
black alone or one colour only these special rollers may be arranged so that one of
them imparts the ink over a certain amount or si face as a patch or other wise and
another special roller also imparts ink to the same patch but only over pait thereof
and so on-by this means producing very effective and delicate graduations or
variations in the depth of shading.
.to
In some instances (as for example in hurriedly issuing a late edition or
"extra" of a newspaper) it may be of importance to save the time required for
pducing the stereotype picture plate for the form and to use instead thereof flat
hall-tone o line engraving.
In such case nevertheless the bulged counter pit
upon the said special roller on rollers is used and produces advantageous results for
the reason that the said bulged counterpart acts as before in distributing the ink to
the form-inking roller. It is however obvious that the same delicacy of shiding
can not be obtained by the employment of the flat plate as by the employment of
the stereotyped negative inasmuch as the latter co-operates as has been herembefore
explained to peculiar advantage in the taking up of the ink o colour from the
foi mi-inking iolle and in exact accordance with the manner in which the bulged
special rolle has unparted said colour to the form-inking roller part of this
advantage being lost where a flat engraving is used on the form. In some cases
also whore the bulged reverse negatives are employed upon the said special rollers
any design upon the conesponding surface of the form cylinder may be dispensed
with and use made instead thereof of a smooth surface upon the form cylinder
which receives the layers of colour of different thicknesses from the form-inking
cylinder and puts them direct upon the paper or other surface to be printed.
In further explanation of the principles of this invention it may be observed that
if the form cylinder alone were provided with the bulged o niegular surface for
the printing plates it could not be used to advantage as it would require a hard
tympan on the impression cylinder to produce even fan csults inasmuch as a soft
tympan would press into the depressed portions of the bulged su face of the picture
plates. In this invention on the contrary the bulged or irregular surfaces of the
said special rolleis regulato with exactness the thickness of the layers of colou
B

page_text: that are to be applied to the picture plates on the form whether and picture plates
bo bulged o flat and it follows necessarily that the pictare plates can only print
the ink on the paper in conresponding layers for which reason it is a matter of no
consequence whether the tympan on the impression cylinder is hard as of manilla
paper or soft as of rubber or felt. For this reason this invention can be applied
directly to existing web presses which print in one colour and in which soft
tympans such as felt are usually used It will furthermore be observed that in
adapting my invention to such presses the tympau is prepared for the printing
operation in the usual mauner employed for ordinary type punting
It is of course evident that by the employment of this invention the use of
engravings is commonly under-tood can be dispensed with for instance such as
cut by hand or by machine with the aid of engraving tools or that have been
etched by acids or cut by the aid of the sand blast or the like
In the construction of the inking trough the tin casos herein before mentioned
may be dispensed with and instead thereof the colours may be placed duectly in
the partitioned compartments But the employment of the cases is advantageous
principally because they may be readily transferied from one compartment to
another and further most these cases may be made in two parts sliding telescopically
one within the other hereby the length of their dischnige openings may be vatied
to suit the exact requirements of use.
The herein before described adjusting screws of the inking fountains play important
parts in the practical carrying out of this invention because of the fact that they
permit the supply of colour to be varied respectively from the several fountains
with such graduated regularity as to produce the exact blend desued where said
colours are superimposed upon each other. So also the dividing of the trough into
sections forming colour pockets in conjunction with the lateral reciprocation of the
trough or its 1oller and the rotation of the latter not only permits the king of
those parts of the rolle opposite the partitions but permits blendings of colour
upon the rolle itself whereby rainbow and like effects can be readily produced
Instead of forming each mask from a separate proof sheet a single proof may be
land on a sheet of papier-mache or other suitable material and by punctming or
creasing the proof like punctures or cleasings will be made in the papier-mx.che
thereby indicating the parts that are to be cut from it. The papier-nache is then
cut along the line of the punctures or creasings and thus becomes a mask to be used
in the stereoty ping operation in the same way that a cut proof would have been
used and for which it furnishes a substitute. In this way a single proof may be
used to produce a set of masks for the entire series of the said special rollers each
mask being made to correspond with the projection to be produced upon its
appropiate roller. In this case pin holes through the corners of the proof masks
and matrix or other base will serve for the introduction of registering points
It may be said generally that in casting the shells by the use of the masks and
then matrices care should be taken to have cach mask fit snugly so that the metal
will not run between the mask and the papier-mache matrix or base and to this end
it may sometimes be necessary to touch up or seal the edges of the openings in any
suitable manuci for instance with clay or some other suitable material
Any suitable composition may be employed for the form-inking roller for
instance the usual composition of glue glycerine and molasses. It may be cnat
upon the segmental bases or shells of the form-inking oller or in recesses made in
said segmental bases or in said segmental bases as a frame work or m other suitable
manner. The impression roller form-roller and sets of ink fountain rollers are of
the usual ci any suitable construction and need no further description. Provision
is made by the ordinary adjustments for regulating the pressure of the various
rollers upon each other throughout the entire press and for varying said pressme at
will. The rollers when in the press aud not in use should be separated as much as
is necessary to prevent the soft rollers becoming flattened by the constant pressure
of the hard rollers or type cylinder upon them this being the usual precaution
ordinarily taken on presses provided with adjacent soft and hard rollers.

page_text: The inking mechanism is of course 80 arranged that it may be readily prepare l
for its work this mechanism may for this purpose be swung upon a pivot or drawn
upon a slide or rack away from the press and so as to re-engage therewith in any
suitable manner
By the means aud apparatus hereinbeforo described it is possible to punt paper
cotton or other textile fabric or other suitable material as desired in a large variety
of colours by a single impression only or by a very few impressions.
And in order that the present invention may be easily understood and readily
carried into practice 1 will proceed to further describe same with reference to the
diawings hereunto annexed.
Fig. 1 represents in vertical section the main elements of a printing press and of
inking mechanism according to the present invention the frame and gearing being
omitted so as to simplify the understanding of the parts shown.
Fig. 2 represents partly broken away a plan view of such printing press the uppe
set of inking ollers being omitted.
Figs 3, 4 and 5 represent proof blanks attacued to subjacent matrices aud
illustrate the manner of cutting said blanks to produce the desired Jackets (cast in
stereotype metal) for the inking rollers.
Figs 6, 7 and 8 represent the jackets corresponding respectively to the blanks
shown in Figs. 3, 4 and 5.
Fig. 9 represents-u plan and partly broken away-the ink fountain.
Fig 10 represents a vertical section thereof.
Fig. 11 is a perspective view partly in section of a telescopic ink holder.
Refering to the diawings-T indicates the usual continuous web of paper, G the
impression cylinder, F the type beamng cylinder or form and E the form-inking
oller of a pinting piesa, said form-inking toller being provided with a roller shaft
having aims which support the stock n and provided with a soft composition
sui face.
Instead of applying the soft composition to the metal shell R, I may use the
sheet of felt Q connected at its opposite ends by means of hooks as shown to
shafts m'n mounted in bearings upon the inner periphery of the shell.
Encompassing the form-inking holler E are sets of inking mechanisms each get
comprising an inking fountain with its customary hard rollei a soft roller or rollers
taking the ink from said hard roller and a hard roller transmitting the ink from
said laid oller and a hard roller transmitting the ink from tho soft rollers to the
form-inking roller
The inhing fountain as shown more fully in Figs. 9 and 10 consists of a tough f
mounted upon studs n' one of which is connected with an arm h adjustably
fulerumed at and engaging at its opposite end as shown within a double grooved!
cam y upon the continuously revolving inking roller shaft gl, whereby during the
revolution of the shaft the trough f is given a reciprocating movement.
The trough is provided with a series of transverse partitions d forming
pockets e for the reception of inks of different colours One of the purposes of
imparting a reciprocating motion to the trough 18 to cover with ink those parts of
the roller immediately opposite the partitions It is obvious that the same effect
would be produced by reciprocating the roller itself in any suitable manner either
independently or in conjunction with the trough. In the pockets a of the trongn
tin cases may be placed for holding the colours said cases having openings
provided with slides p³ to control or entirely interrupt the outflow therefrom.
To further graduate the amount of colour fed by the haid roller a of the inking
fountain to the soft roller & the usual flexible blades (one for each compartment
or tin case) may be used and by means of the corresponding set screw c regulate
the distance of the free end of the blade from the roller a and consequently the
thickness of the layer of ink supplied thereto

page_text: Intermediate of the form-inking roller and the soft roller or 1ollers & in each set
an king roller is inter posed indicated in the diawings for the different sets of
inking devices by A B C D.
The function of these last mentioned rollers is to supply to the form-inking
roller the several colours which they take up from the soft rolleis k.
Essential and characteristic features of this invention are the production and
utilization in the general aangement of the machine of the active surfaces of
these rollers
For the purpose of making this plain and then function I will first
explain by reference to Figs. 3 to 8 inclusive-an advantageous manner of
producing them.
mashs" are produced as herembefore described each made of the desired
thickness and attached to a suitable backing of papier-mache and each forms the
inatrix from which a casting in stereoty pe metal is produced said casting consisting
of shell having rehef the con projections corresponding in shape to the cut
away portions of the mask These shells or Jackets are cast in senn-cylindrical
form so as to be readily applied to the stock of the rollers A B C D and constitute
the king surface thereof thus the shell corresponding to the proposed blue
colong is placed upon the roller (say A) of the inking set supplying that colour
the shell corresponding to the proposed red colouring is placed upon the rolle
(as) of the inking set supplying that colour and so ou
The solt olleis K K att bo arranged with relation to the rollers A B C D as
only to ink the raised projections and upon operating the press the several
hollers ABCD will each supply to the form-inking roller E patches of colour
corresponding in size to the projections thereon and corresponding in distribution
to the distribution of colouring that is to be had upon the form. The several
oller and the form me of course so geared that the form-inking roller will
transmit to the form the colours received in exact register therewith according
to the predetermined arrangement.
The picture plates employed upon the form for the purpose of illustrating the
sheet of other smface to be printed are produced in any suitable manner for
instance castings in stereotype metal taken from moulds or matices produced from
swelled gelatine negatives of the picture itself. In order to produce the proper
surface upon the king rollers to suitably uk these printing plates in accordance
with this invention same may be produced as herein before described or as follows
-
d
A second sensitized gelative plate is used and inserted in the camera in
reverse position to that occupied by the sensitized gelatine plate from which the
first negative was taken care being taken to have the sensitized surface in each
instance at the same distanco from the subject to which end the sensitized plate
must in the one case of the other be advanced or set back within the camera to
a distance corresponding to the thickness of the glass plate upon which the
sensitized gelatine is spread. In this manner the second plate will receive
negative impression the reverse of the negative impression received by the first
plate and when the said reverse gelatine negative is swelled it will correspond to
the his swelled gelatine negative exactly in outline if the two were placed face
to face with the further peculiauty that each projection upon one of the swelled
negatives when thus placed face to face would be in exact juxtaposition to
a toesponding projection upon the other and each depression upon one of the
swelled gelatine negatives would be in exact juxtaposition to a corresponding
depression ou the other. It is important to note that the reverse gelatine
negative is not the same as a positive taken from the original negative for the
reason that a positive so taken and swelled if placed face to face with the swelled
negative would present a depression in juxtaposition to an elevation on the swelled
negative would present a depression in juxtaposition to an elevation on the
BWelled negative and an elevation in juxtaposition to a dopression on said swelled
negative.
It will be apparent that instead of reversing a sensitized gelatine plate for tho
production of the second swelled gelatine negative the same result could be obtained

page_text: by placing in the camera a sensitized gelatine plate without reversing said plate
and then employ a reversing lens for obtaining the reversed negative therefrom.
From the swelled reversed gelatine negative produced in any of the ways herein-
before specified a casting is or can be obtained in stereotype metal in a mould or
matix made from the impression given from the said swelled reversed negative.
The stereotype thus produced is itself a reversed negative of the stereotype first
produced and it is placed in the printing form temporarily and in the usual manner
take an impression of the entire form by pressing upon it a sheet of moistened
papier-mache This impressed papier-mache serves as the backing or matrix for
the masks corresponding to the pu tures to be coloured and it is evident that the
sturentype metal inking roller shells cast in such matices will have upon their
surfaces projections which are reverse negatives of the picture to be printed or of
such portions thereof as are to be printed in particular colours. It will of course
be understood that it is within the intent and scope of this univention to print the
picture plates in one colour or black only in which event the reverse negative
projection upon one of the inking rollers ABCD will correspond to the entire
picture, when the picture is to be coloured differently in different parts a portion
of said revorso nogativo will appear upon another of said uking rollers and so on
as hereinbefore described.
In the printing operation the reverse negative stereotype plates that wero
temporarily placed in the printing form are of course first removed aud in their
place is inserted in each instance tho corresponding negative punting plate The
character of the reverse negative projections on the inking rollers for inking the
negative picture plates 18 such that the uk is supplied to the picture plates iu
such manner as to produce exceedingly fine effects especially in the shading. Thus
each bulging and depression of the picture plate on the form however minute or
considerable finds its counterpart in exact reverse position upon the inking roller
or rollers A B C D. These latter 1ollers by reason of their bulgings and
depressions secure the distribution of more ink on their higher portious or
bulgings than on their depressed portions because the higher portion- piess harder
upon the fountain roller from which they take their supply. In like manner
these higher or bulging portions of the reverse negatives of the inking rollers
give off more ink to the form-uking roller E and at exactly the points where the
negative picture plates of the form piesent their correspondingly high points to
the form-inking roller the more depressed portions receiving a correspondingly less
supply. The production of the printing plates themselves and of the corre-
sponding eveise negatives thereof from like photographic plates and by a
stereotyping process insures absolute uniformity of result and high excellence in
product at a cost comparatively small to this kind of work and by the use of
processes or steps which are separately well understood in the art so as to be
capable of being put in practice successfully and readily by workmen whom it
might be difhcult to instruct in unfamiliar manipulations.
It will be observed that the matrix of papier-nache which is to furnish the
backing for the masks corresponding to the ordinary type portions of the form are
to have smooth surfaces thereby producing correspondingly smooth projections
upon the inking rollers these projections being of uniform height throughout
instead of bemg irregular in height as is the case with the projections corresponding
to the printing plates. The advantage of having these uniform projections is that
in practice it is found that the ink is thus distributed to the type to the best
advantage.
For purposes of illustration I have indicated roughly in Fig. 2 a form showing
two picture plates n' n separated by rows of type matter n³. In Figs. 3, 4 and 5
are illustrated the masks for producing the stereotype metal inking roller shells
shown in Figs. 6, 7 and 8 which shall permit the illustration to be printed from the
form so that the picture 2 will appear with a blue sky, green grass, trees of green
of darker hue a yellow road-way and a yellow house with a terra-cotta roof and
so that for instance the portrait of the woman will appear in flesh tints with blue

page_text: eyes, red lips, brown hair and garment of appropriate toue or Lue II indicates
the mask for the blue colouring said mask being attached to the papier-mache
backing w one end of the mask being shown as folded upon itself so as to show the
backing. The mask and matrix of Fig 3 produce the stereoty pe metal shell L of
Fig. 6 the parts that are to appear in blue oi 1 some blending of blue with
another culous appearing in relief at tuv (Fig 4) indicates tho mash for
the yellow colouring attached to its matua 10 and adapted to produce the stereotype
metal shell M Fig. 7 with its raised projections y. K (Fig. 5) indicates the mask
for the red colouring attached to its matrix to and adapted to produce the stereo-
type metal shell N with its raised projections a¹ b¹ It is obvious that for the
black colouring for regular type-work the mask would be cut away at all parts
corresponding to the location of the type on the form and that the stereotype metal
shell would have a corresponding projection smooth on its surface and of uniforn
height throughout.
By reference to Fig. 7 it will be noted that the projection occupies a position
coesponding to the projection on Fig 6 by reason of which fact the projection
superimposes a coating of yellow upon those parts of the form-inking roller which
have already been coated with blue by the projection t thereby causing a blend of
the two coloms where they touch each other and producing a green colom for the
glass of the picture while leaving the roadway yellow. So also the house appealing
in yellow upon the printed sheet will have its 1oof in terra-cotta because of the fact
that the projection a' will superimpose a coating of red upon the coresponding
subjacent portion of the yellow coating supplied to the forin-inking soller by the
projection
In the portrait of the woman a light conting of yellow caused by the depression
of the picture plate of the form-1oller at the pait corresponding to the face and
the corresponding depression of the like part of the projection on the inking-roller
combined with the white of the paper yields a flesh colour which may be made of
warmer hue by the addition of red from the red colour inking roller to the form
uking roller E
It will be remembered that the bulgings and depressions of the
count part on the king roller or rollers vary the shading so as to produce the
same graduations present in the original modified by the colours applied.
In some instances (as for example in hunedly issuing a late edition or an
"ext
of a newspaper) it may be of importance to save the time required for
producing the stereotyped picture plate for the form and to use instead the cof a
Hat hall-tone or line engraving. In such case the bulged counter pail is produced
upon the inking-roller or 1ollois and produce advantageous results for the reason
that the said bulged counter part acts as before in distributing the ink to the form-
inking toller. It is however obvious that the same delicacy of shading cannot be
obtained by the employment of the flat plate as by the employment of the
stereoty ped negative masmuch as the latter co-operates as has been herein before
explained to peculiar advantage in the taking up of the colour from the form-
inking oller and in exact accordance with the manner in which the bulged inking
roller has imparted said colour to the form-inking roller part of this advantage
being lost where a flat engiasing is used on the form.
n
In some cases also where
the bulged reverse negatives are employed upon the inking oilers any design upon
the coresponding surface of the form cylinder may be entuely dispensed with
and instead thereof a smooth surface may be used upon the form cylinder which
receives the layers of colour of different thicknesses from the form-uking cylinder
and prints them direct upon the paper or other surface to be printed. In this case
the effect produced is somewhat similar to the effect produced by the photogravure
process
In further explanation of the principles of this invention I desire to observe
that if the form cylinder alone were provided with the bulged or irregular surface
for the printing plates it could not be used to advantage na it would require a hard
tympau on the impression cylinder to produce even fair results inasmuch as a soft
tympan would press to the depressed portions of the bulged surface of the picture

page_text: plates. In this invention on the contrary the bulged or irregular surfaces of the
inking rollers regulate with exactncss the thickuess of the layers of colour that
are to be applied to the picture plates on the form whether said picture plates be
bulged or flat and it follows necessarily that the picture plates can only print the
ink on the paper in corresponding layers for which reason it is a matter of no
consequence whether the tympan on the impression cylinder 15 haid as of manilla
paper of soft as of rubber or folt For this reason this invention can be applied
duectly to existing web presses which print in one colour and in which soft tympaus
such as felt are almost invariably used It will furthermore bo observed that in
adapting this invention to such presses the tympan is prepared for the painting
operation in the usual manner employed for onlinary type printing.
It is of course evident that by the employment of this invention the use of
engings as commonly understood can be dispensed with for instance such as are
cut by hand on by machine with the aid of engraving tools or that have been
etched by acids or cut by the aid of the sand blast or the like
In the construction of the inking though the tin cases hereinbefore mentioned
may be
dispensed with and the colours placed directly in the partitioned
compartiments But the cases are employed principally because they may be
readily transferred from one compartment to another and because they are made
in two parts sliding telescopically one within the other as fully shown in Fig 11
whereby the length of the discharge openings may be varied to suit the exact
requiements of use.
The adjusting screw c of the inking fountains play important parts in the
practical utilization of the invention because of the fact that they permit the
supply of colour to be varied from the several fountains with such graduated
regularity as to produce the exact blend desued where said colours are superimposed
upon each other'
So also the dividing of the trough into sections forming colour
pockets in conjunction with the lateral recipiocation of the trough on its toller
and the rotation of the latter not only permits the king of those parts of the
roller opposite the partitions but permits blending of colour upon the roller itself
whereby rambow and like effects can be readily produced.
Instead of forming each mask from a separate proof sheet a single proof may
be laid on a sheet of papier-mache or other suitable material and by puncturing or
creasing the proof like punctules or creasings will be made in the papier-mache
thereby indicating the parts that are to be cut from it The papier-macho is then
cut along the line of the punctures or creasings and thus becomes a mask to be
need in the stereoty ping oporation in the same way that a cut proof would have
been used and for which it finishes a substitute In this way a single proof may
be used to produce a set of masks for the entire series of king rollers each mask
being made to coi respond with the projection to be produced upon its appropiate
roller. In this case pin holes through the corners of the proof masks and matux
or other base will set vo for the introduction of registering points c'. It may be said
generally that in casting the shells by the use of the masks and their matrices cate
should be taken to have each mask fit snugly so that the metal will not run between
the mask and the papier-mnache natix or base and to this end it may sometimes
be necessary to touch up or seal the edges of the openings with clay or some other
Buitable material.
Having now particularly descubed and ascertained the nature of this said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed 1 declare that what
I claim 16
1. In a pinting press the combination with the form of a form-inking cylinde!
sets of inking mechanism each set supplying its individual colour or colours and
the sets being aanged u senes about the form-inking cylinder and the roller
which supplies mk to the form-inking cylinder from one of the sets having an
inking projection or active surface overlapping in its location an inking projection
on an active surface upon the like roller of another set whereby the first projection

page_text: will deposit a portion of its ink upon the ink already deposited on the form-inking
Boller by the second projection and means for varying the amount of ink supplied
to each inking set substantially as described
2 In moulding apparatus for stereotyping the surfaces of inking rollers a mask
made from a proof of the form and having a flexible backing or matux substantially
as described.
3. In moulding apparatus for stereotyping sun faces in relief a combined mask
and matrix having no fixed or established curvature but freely flexible from a plane
surface to a curved surface and back again whereby it is at once adapted to cast
one plate flat and the next one curved and so ou as desired substantially as
described
4. In a press for printing a design from a printing surface or form an inking
mechanism having an active surface provided with a fac-simile of the whole or a
portion of a swelled gelatine negative of the design to be printed substantially as
described
5 In a press for punting in blended colours the combination with the form of a
form-inking cylinder sets of inking mechanisms each set. supplying its individual
colom o colours and the sets being arranged in sories about the form-inking
cylinder and the roller which supplies ink to the form-hing cylinder from oue of
the sets having an inking projection or active surface over-lapping in its location
an king projection or active surface upon the like roller of another set whereby
the first projection will deposit a portion of its ink upon the ink already deposited
on the form-inking roller by the second projection substantially as described.
6. In a press for punting in blended colours the combination with the form of a
form-inking cylinder sets of inking mechanisms each set having a fountain supplying
a number of different colours to the fountain roller side by side the sets being
arranged in series about the form-inking cylinder and the arrangement of succession
of the colours varying in the fountains of the different sets whereby any particular
part of the form-inking cylinder may receive any one of a number of blends
substantially as described.
7. In a printing press the, combination with a form having a picture plate
consisting of a fac-simile of the swelled gelatine uegative of the design to be
printed a form inking roller and inking mechanism supplying ink to the latter said
inking mechanism having active suitaces which constitute a fac-sumile of the
swelled gelatine negative of the design substantially as described.
8 In a press for punting in colouis an uk fountain or trough: having a number
of uk supply reservoirs side by side and having a fountain roller and mechanism
for laterally reciprocating the one with relation to the other substantially as
described.
9. In a press for punting in colours an inking fountain provided with a number
of ink supply reservoirs arianged side by side and means for closing or opening
the outlet of each reservoir said reservou being telescopic so as to be lengthened
or shortened as desired substantially as described.
Dated this 27th day of September 1895.
TONGUE & BIRKBECK,
Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, London, W C.,
Agents for the Applicant