matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN SPRINGS FOR CRINOLINES FOR LADIES PETTICOATS AND OTHER GARMENTS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Henry Philbois and Augustin
Marchal at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 27th February 1867.-A communication from Victor
Alfred Krafft, residing at No. 12, Rue Gît Le Cœur, Paris, in the
Empire of France.
We, LOUIS HENRY PHILBOIS, residing at No. 116, Rue de Rivoli, Paris, in
the Empire of France, and AUGUSTIN MARCHAL, residing at No. 34, Boulevard
de Sébastopol, Paris, in the Empire of France, Gentlemen, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SPRINGS FOR CRINOLINES
FOR LADIES PETTICOATS AND OTHER GARMENTS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in springs for crinolines for
ladies' petticoats and other garments. In order that the size of a crinoline
may be increased or diminished at the pleasure of the wearer, each spring
hoop of the crinoline is made by bending round a steel spring and clipping its
ends together in such manner that they can slide the one on the other. Each
end has a slot in it with rack teeth along one side, a pinion passes through
the two slots and gears with the rack teeth, and the racks being on opposite
sides of the pinion when the pinion is rotated the two ends of the spring
hoop move in opposite directions and the spring hoop is enlarged or dimi
nished. The axis of the pinion is carried by a clip embracing the springs,
and may be rotated by means of a button on its axis; or small pulleys may be
mounted on the axis around which cords are wound in opposite directions, so
that by pulling upon the cords the pinion may be rotated in either direction.

page_text: The cords from the several hoops of the petticoat or other garment may be
all connected together, so that the hoops may be expanded or contracted
simultaneously. In place of forming teeth on the springs, as above described,
they may at their ends be pierced with holes at regular distances and the pinion
is then placed between the two ends, and its teeth gear into the perforations.
In this arrangement the axes of the several pinions are vertical and may be
connected together by chains so made as not to twist, by this means the several
pinions may be rotated simultaneously. When the springs are covered with a
plait or fabric the pinion is replaced by a pair of small rollers nipping the ends
of the springs between them, and caused to rotate so as to drive the ends in
opposite directions. Two such pair of rollers may conveniently be employed,
they may all gear with one spur wheel on a vertical axis, which is turned
when required by a button and the axes of the spur wheels of all the hoops
may be connected together, as already described.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN UMBRELLAS, PARASOLS, AND SUNSHADES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Heury Smyth at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th November
1867.
I, HENRY SMYTH, of Little Trinity Lane, in the City of London, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN UMBRELLAS, PARASOLS, AND SUNSHADES," to be as follows:-
The improvements relate to means for effecting the connection of the ribs
and the stretchers to their "wheels" as well as of the ribs and stretchers to
each other, so as to obtain simplicity in the action of the parts with other
advantages.
Also the improvements relate to means for effecting the locking of the
runner of the stretchers either when the umbrella, parasol, or sunshade is
open or closed. For these purposes the end of each rib or stretcher attached
to the "wheel" is formed spherical or with a ball at its end, and these balls or
spherical ends are received into correspondingly-shaped recesses or sockets
formed for them in the "wheels," where they are covered and held securely
by a covering ring or cap, openings being left from the recesses or sockets in
the "wheels" and their caps to admit of sufficient play for the ribs and
stretchers. The end of each stretcher attached to the ribs is also formed
sperically, and is received between two hollow surfaces in a plate on each rib.
The holding rings are retained by rivets, screws, "burnishing," or by slight
soft solder, so as to be removed and replaced when required. The runner
with its "wheel" connected to the stretchers is grooved to run upon a fin or
feather on the umbrella, parasol, or sunshade stick, or it is provided with a

page_text: fin or feather to run in a groove in such stick.. A spring stop acts in corre-
sponding recesses to hold the runner in position either when the umbrella,
parasol, or sunshade is open or closed. Stops may be used to control the
extent of motions. The spring stop may be provided with a knob or milled
ring.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARRIAGES, COACHES, AND OTHER VEHICLES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Cockshoot at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th September
1867.
I, JOSEPH COCKSHOOT, junior, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF CARRIAGES, COACHES, AND OTHER VEHICLES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates, first, to that portion of carriages, coaches, landaus,
and other vehicles called the "door framing," which has been hitherto made
of wood and secured together by wooden plugs or pegs.
The improvements consist, first, in constructing the two upright pillars of
the door frame (that is, the hinge pillar and the latch pillar) of thin metal,
and screwing the other part of the frame and the panels (if necessary) thereto,
and casting or forming the "male" part of the door hinge on such hinge
pillar, so as to constitute one piece, the hinge being constructed as in the
Specification of Letters Patent previously granted to me, dated January 3rd,
A.D. 1867, No. 17. By thus constructing the framework of the door about
two or more inches of space is available for ingress and egress, and by
combining the binge and metal frame great strength is obtained.
A second part of the Invention relates to carriages wherein the door and
window casing are in two parts, upper and lower; and the improvements
consist in the application of a curved spring within the window space of the
door, upon which spring the window falls when suddenly lowered, whereby
the concussion and probable breakage thereof is prevented; when this spring

page_text: is compressed by the presence and weight of the window it withdraws a bolt
thereby which allows the door to open, but when the window is raised into
the upper part of the window frame the bolt remains in the carriage pillar
and prevents the door being opened, otherwise the window would be broken
or the frame damaged by opening the door.
AN IMPROVED COMBINATION OF MECHANISM FOR COMMUNICATING MOTION FOR ANY PURPOSE, WHEREBY HUMAN POWER CAN BE EXERCISED TO GREAT ADVANTAGE
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Harthan at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th May
1867.
I, GEORGE HARTHAN, of Congleton, in the County of Chester, Silk
Throwster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED COMBINATION OF MECHANISM FOR COMMUNICATING MOTION FOR ANY
PURPOSE, WHEREBY HUMAN POWER CAN BE EXERCISED TO GREAT ADVANTAGE," to
be as follows:-
This Invention is designed in order that the whole weight and physical
force of the human body can be brought to bear to act as a motive power to
communicate motion for any purpose, and consists in the use and application
of one or more ratchet or toothed wheels keyed to a driving shaft, which shaft.
also formis the fulcrum of two or more levers mounted upon it, or such levers
may be mounted independent of such shaft, but concentrically with it, such.
levers being provided with "pawls," which are pressed up against the ratchet.
teeth of the ratchet wheels upon the driving shaft by spiral or other suitable
form of springs; or in the case of toothed wheels. being used, such levers may.
have tooth pinions mounted upon studs, with a "pawl" impinging upon such
pinions to cause them to turn only in one direction, and being further provided.
with treadles or flat portions for the human feet, and may also have bandles.
for being worked by hand. The levers may be counterbalanced by being.

page_text: extended in the opposite direction to the line of such levers, and having
counterbalancing weights fixed at the extremity of such extended parts, or
they may be raised by spiral or other springs, or be attached to chains
passing over pulleys, having counterbalancing weights at the other ends of
such chains. Ropes or chains may also be affixed to either side of the
machine which can be laid hold of. by the hands when it is found necessary to
exert more power than ordinarily. To the driving shaft of such arrangement
of mechanism may be geared any mechanism or machine, and it will be
found in practice that a human being can exercise more continuous power
than by any other arrangement which is independent of the whole weight of
the body being brought into action.
The mode of actuating mechanism constructed as herein-before described
is as follows:-The person who is to work the machine must step upon the
treadles of the levers, and alternately bring his weight upon them the same
as if he was in the act of walking, and if there are levers for the hands he
The "pawls" upon such
may use them alternately in the same manner. The "pawls"
levers will thus be caused to impinge upon the teeth of the ratchet wheels or
toothed pinions, and thus communicate revolving motion to the driving shaft,
to which a train of toothed wheelwork may be geared to reduce or
accelerate the speed, according to the purpose to which the mechanism is
.applied.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS AND FURNACES POR PUDDLING IRON
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Morgan at the Office or
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th July
1867.
I, THOMAS MORGAN, of Stockton-on-Tees, in the County of Durham, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS AND FURNACES POR PUDDLING IRON," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in certain improvements in the construction and
arrangement of apparatus and furnaces to be employed in puddling iron, by
means whereof the successful operation of that process is greatly facilitated.
The apparatus for puddling is as follows:-A "rabbel" is fixed upon a
column, such column having a bevel wheel at the top thereof fitting into
another bevel wheel which is fixed upon a fly wheel connected with a crank
sbaft; the shaft is driven by a steam engine or by any other suitable motive-
power. The column works through a dome fixed upon the top of the furnace,
there being on the top of the column a flange fitting upon the part of the
dome on which the column rests, and upon which it is suspended when the
"rabbel" is employed in puddling. The "rabbel" has a circular motion, and
is provided with three projections thereon to dip into and agitate the molten
iron. When the "rabbel" is not required for puddling, or when it has

page_text: become too hot to perform its work with safety, it is lifted through an opening
in the top of the puddling furnace by means of a rack and pinion; when the
"rabbel" has been thus lifted out of the furnace it can be cooled by dipping
it in a cistern which may be prepared for that purpose. The opening through
which the "rabbel" is admitted to the furnace is closed by a slide provided
for that purpose, both when the "rabbel" is in the furnace and when it is
not in use.
The following is the method of constructing furnaces to be employed in
conjunction with the before-mentioned apparatus. The bridge between the
fire and the puddling furnace is composed of a cast-iron casing, in which
water is allowed to circulate, the result of such arrangement being that
clinkers are prevented from collecting and adhering to the brick work, whilst
at the same time a saving in fuel is effected and damage to the brickwork
and injury to the iron in the furnace prevented. The furnace is constructed
of a circular form, cast-iron casings in which water is allowed to circulate
being arranged around and underneath it; the bottom plate of the furnace
should be of chilled cast iron with a smooth surface.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF ADAPTING PAPER LININGS TO THE INTERIOR OF CASKS, CASES, AND PACKAGES OF VARIOUS DESCRIPTIONS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Hélène Viton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th June
1867.
I, JOSEPH HÉLÈNE VITON, of 15, Passage des Petites Ecuries, Paris, in
the Empire of France, Commission Agent, do hereby declare the nature of.
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF ADAPTING PAPER LININGS TO
THE INTERIOR OF CASKS, CASES, AND PACKAGES OF VARIOUS DESCRIPTIONS," to be
as follows:-
The means hitherto employed for the transport of sugar, raw, refined, or
crushed, flour, chemical products, cement, plaster, and many other commodities
necessitates the lining of the interior of the casks or cases with paper, which
is effected by means of a thick coating of paste prepared for this purpose,
now this paste at a given moment acts injuriously upon the merchandize, as
for example, if their immediate dispatch is imperative the barrels or cases are
filled as soon as the pasting is effected, the result being that the goods are
immediately in contact with a certain degree of humidity produced by the
paste and are to some extent thereby damaged. Another defect is that
admitting the pasting of the paper to have been properly done and the paste
allowed to dry before packing the goods, it happens if the goods are long in
transit that the wood, warping under the influence of change of temperature,
opens, and the paper not being strong enough to resist this change is torn and
the goods escape through the openings thus made.

page_text: The method which I propose obviates all these inconveniences the pasting
of the paper to the cask or case being entirely dispensed with. I make a
paper lining or envelope of the same shape as the interior of the object which
is to receive it, for example, for a cask as indicated by A on the accompanying
Sheet of Drawing forming part of this my Provisional Specification, it will
be seen that it is composed of several curved pieces similar to those
marked C. All these curved pieces or strips of paper when fitted together
give the exact shape of the cask A, and so on for cases and other objects.
These cartridges or envelopes may be made of any sort of paper as well as of
any shape.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES FOR STEAM BOILERS, BOILING PANS, AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Addy Hopkinson and Joseph
Hopkinson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 26th February 1867.
We, JOHN ADDY HOPKINSON and JOSEPH HOPKINSON, the younger, both of
Huddersfield, in the County of York, Engineers, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES FOR STEAM
BOILERS, BOILING PANS, AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention has for its object the saving of fuel and labour, together with
the prevention of smoke and the maintenance of a more uniform heat in the
furnace, whereby the ordinary expansion and contraction of boilers will be
greatly lessened, and their durability and safety increased, also their
evaporating power will be increased; and our Invention consists in the
adaptation and application to steam boilers and other similar purposes of a
travelling grate with a motion from back to front in order that the fresh fuel
may be introduced on to a bare bar at the bridge end of the furnace and carried
to the front by the progressive motion of the series of bars. By means of
this arrangement the fresh fuel as it is fed on to the travelling grate is acted
upon directly by the flame and heat of the incandescent fuel on their passage to
the flues and chimney without the aid of deflecting brick arches, such as are
required for travelling grates fed at the front end of the furnace. The bars
used in the travelling grate are of cast iron or other suitable metal, with cor-

page_text: rugated or grooved surfaces for the purpose of obtaining increased air spaces,
being cast or made hollow and placed on wrought-iron round bars, thus
forming an endless chain of bars. The bars are propelled as required by an
internal roller having on its circumference indentations corresponding with
the circumferences of the bars, such roller being driven by any suitable means
at the required speed. The effect of the action of the toothed driving roller
on each bar as it is propelled will be to partially turn such bar on its axis,
and thereby present a fresh portion of its surface to the action of the fire. The
fuel is fed on to the bars through a hopper on to a travelling scray or slide,
or other suitable mechanical feeder, and thence through a suitably shaped
pipe or other channel with means of regulating the supply of fuel in pro-
portions according to the requirements of the furnace and the quality of the
fuel.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN CARTRIDGES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Haseltine at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th January
1867. A communication from abroad by Samuel Remington, of Ilion,
New York, United States of America.
I, GEORGE HASELTINE, of the "International Patent Office," No. 8,
Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN CARTRIDGES," a communication, to be as follows:-
The said improvements relate to metallic cartridges for breech-loading fire-
arms, and consist chiefly in the employment of a metal cup inside the rear
end of the case or shell, the said cup (which carries the fulminate) being held
in its place by an indentation or corrugation formed around or partially
around the perimeter of the said case; this metal cup adds greatly to the
strength of the rim which is the weakest part in metallic cartridge cases of
ordinary construction. The cartridge case or shell is, by preference, constructed
of copper or brass in the usual manner, its rear end being provided with a
suitable flange or rim. The metallic cup which is constructed in the form of
a hollow cone is also preferably formed of copper or brass and is placed
inside the case or shell with its base or under surface against the rear end of
the latter. The lip or edge of this cup fits all round close to the interior of
the case or shell, and the indentation or groove in the latter forms au internal

page_text: projection which fits close to the said edge and holds the cup securely in
its place. The bottom or base of the said cup is made externally concave
to receive the fulminate, and has a small perforation through which at the
time of firing the flame of the said fulminate communicates with the charge
in the body of the case or shell. The space between the outer surface of the
cup and the interior of the case or shell is filled or packed with plaster of
Paris, or other suitable filling substance, and the said cup being thus solidly
supported greatly adds to the strength of the rear end and rim of the case or
shell.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CRUSHING BEANS, OATS, AND OTHER GRAIN OR SEED
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Borrett Wilkinson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
September 1867.
I, THOMAS BORRETT WILKINSON, of 28, Friars Street, Ipswich, in the
County of Suffolk, Engineer and General Machinist, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CRUSHING
BEANS, OATS, AND OTHER GRAIN OR SEED," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for crushing
beans, oats, and other grain or seed. For this purpose at the lower end of a
hopper (into which the grain or seed to be crushed is placed) is an outlet case
or trough, in which are enclosed two serrated surfaces, between which the
grain or seed must pass as it leaves the hopper; one of these serrated surfaces
is formed on a flat plate, which by means of a weighted hand lever on the
outside can have a vertical to-and-fro motion imparted to it. The other
serrated surface, which may be somewhat curved, is carried by and can be
turned on a centre or pin at its upper end, and the lower end of this serrated
plate is acted on at the back by a screw in such manner that it can be set to
or from the lower end of the moving plate. The serrated plates are of hard
cast iron, and the serrations are formed transversely of the plates. The
serrations of the stationary plate are of a V shape, whilst the serrations on
the moving plate are like ratchet teeth, so that as the plate is moved upwards

page_text: it slips easily over the grain or seed in contact with it, but when the plate is
moved downwards then the teeth lay hold of the beans, oats, grain, or seed
and draw it downwards so causing it to pass between the two serrated
plates.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR HAULING DRAINING, AND OTHER AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS IN THE FIELD BY STEAM POWER, AND ALSO AN IMPROVED TRUCK FOR MOUNTING AND CARRYING SUCH IMPLEMENTS PROM PLACE TO PLACE
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Phillips-Smith at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
August 1867.
I, JOHN PHILLIPS-SMITH, of Hereford, in the County of Hereford, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "AN IMPROVED MODE OF
AND APPARATUS FOR HAULING DRAINING, AND OTHER AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS
IN THE FIELD BY STEAM POWER, AND ALSO AN IMPROVED TRUCK FOR MOUNTING AND
CARRYING SUCH IMPLEMENTS PROM PLACE TO PLACE," to be as follows:-
The first part of this Invention relates to a method of and apparatus for
hauling draining tools or other agricultural implements by steam power in the
field. Heretofore such implements have been fixed directly to the rope which
passes round the hauling drum attached to the engine, and hence advanced
at the same speed as the circumference of this drum revolves.
According to my Invention the implement is to be attached to a block
carrying a pulley, round which the rope passes, the other end of the said rope
being brought back again and fastened to the wheel or other stationary part
of the engine or to any other firm anchorage. The object of this contrivance
is to reduce by one half the speed at which the implement travels, and hence
to gain an equivalent increase in the power. The block to which the pulley
is attached is mounted upon a cranked or other axle carried by two wheels or
rollers so as to allow it to accommodate the angle of the flanges of the pulley
to the direction in which the rope pulls.

page_text: The improved truck consists of a body or framework composed of wrought
iron or other suitable material with the bottom about the same distance from
the ground as the lowest part of the traction engine, and having two running
wheels either mounted on a cranked axle passing under the body or on short
axles affixed to the sides of the truck. The lower part or front of the truck
is cut away to admit of a steering wheel, the shelf thus formed in the inside
of the truck serving to carry a vice and a portable forge, and the back of the
truck or the lower part thereof is made to fall down on hinges so as to form
an inclined plane up which the implements are easily moved into the truck.
The inside of the body of the truck is furnished with two longitudinal angle
irons or projections about midway of its height to receive the ends of boards
for the purpose of forming a second flooring if required. The front of the
truck is provided with a draw .bar and shackle for attaching the traction
engine thereto.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CHAIRS AND SUCH LIKE SEATS INTENDED TO BE USED IN CONCERT ROOMS, THEATRES, AND OTHER PUBLIC BUILDINGS, AND IN HOUSES OF BUSINESS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Tinet at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th October
1867.
I, CHARLES TINET (China Manufacturer), of No. 42, Rue du Bac, Paris,
in the Empire of France, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CHAIRS AND SUCH LIKE SEATS
INTENDED TO BE USED IN CONCERT ROOMS, THEATRES, AND OTHER PUBLIC BUILDINGS,
AND IN HOUSES OF BUSINESS," to be as follows:-
The object and intention of this Invention is to enable persons frequenting
concert rooms and other places of public resort where chairs and such like
seats are used to deposit their hats, coats, sticks, and umbrellas under and
about the same so as to be out of the way of the sitter.
The following is an example of the manner in which I propose to construct
chairs and seats having backs for the purpose of rendering them available for
the above object:-Into the back of the chair and in a line with the back legs
thereof I screw four rings in a horizontal position, two rings being at one side
and two at the other side, the top rings being fixed near the top of the back
and the lower rings to the rail carrying the seat; the rings at one side are
intended to receive and hold an umbrella and the other rings a stick. Each
pair of rings carries a horizontal cross bar or rail hinged and hooked thereto,

page_text: one bar being behind the top rail of the back of the chair, and the other bar
behind the rail of the seat; and the use of these rails is to receive a coat or
other pliable article. The coat being first folded is laid over or across the top
bar or rail which is unhooked to receive it, and the bottom bar holds the lower-
most part, and by these means the coat is compactly held. I propose to affix
bars or rails between the legs of the chair at the sides and back thereof, and a
shelf of cane or other openwork a few inches from the bottom of the legs to
receive a hat or other small article, the space between the front legs being
left open for that purpose.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR WASHING COPROLITES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph James Rawlings and Henry
Wilkerson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 12th August 1867.
We, JOSEPH JAMES RAWLINGS, of Moor End Works, Melbourn, in the
County of Cambridge, Agricultural Implement Manufacturer, and HENRY
WILKERSON, of Eversden, in the same County, Coprolite Merchant, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
OR APPARATUS FOR WASHING COPROLITES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar combination and arrangement of
apparatus for washing coprolites, whereby such operation is more efficiently
and rapidly performed than by the washing machinery hitherto employed for
that purpose.
According to this Invention it is proposed to combine with the ordinary
revolving perforated cylinder and water trough an internal rotatory agitator
working inside the outer cylinder, but at a higher speed of revolution, such
agitator serving not only to stir or agitate the coprolites whilst in the water
and so effect their more thorough cleansing, but also serves to facilitate their
delivery or passage through or along such outre cylinder, whereby the process
is considerably expedited. In practice we bave found that an internal perfo-
rated cylinder, provided with angle iron longitudinal ribs on its outer surface;
answers the purpose as an agitator, but we prefer to employ a series of beaters
carried on cross arms keyed to an internal driving shaft. In order to insure

page_text: the free traverse of the coprolites through the outer or working cylinder we
prefer to enable the longitudinal ribs, above referred to, on the inner cylinder
or agitator more or less oblique or spiral according to the speed at which the
coprolites are to be fed along. The internal agitator may be keyed.direct on
to the driving shaft, and from that shaft a slow motion is imparted through
the intervention of suitable toothed gearing to the outer revolving cylinder.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN KEYS FOR LOCKS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Morson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th November
1867.
I, ROBERT MORSON, of Queen Square, Bloomsbury, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN KEYS FOR LOCKS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in keys for locks. At the
present time inconvenience is experienced from the barrels of keys becoming
choked with dirt until the key is rendered for a time useless, and frequently
there is a great deal of difficulty in clearing the barrel of the key, for each
time the key is used the pin of the lock rams the dirt down towards the bottom
of the barrel until ultimately a close and hard accumulation results. Now
according to my Invention I bore the barrel of the key through from end to
end, so as to obtain an opening at the rear end of the barrel within the key
bow. In a key thus constructed the barrel cannot become choked, as should
any dirt enter it it is rammed down by the pin of the lock as the key is used
until at last it passes out of the barrel at the back.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR LUBRICATING CERTAIN PARTS OF DOFFING KNIFE APPARATUS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Newton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th December
1867.
I, JOSEPH NEWTON, of Globe Foundry, Leeds, in the County of York, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR LUBRICATING CERTAIN PARTS OF DOFFING KNIFE
APPARATUS," to be as follows:-
It has hitherto been difficult in the machinery referred to in my title (which
has special application to tow or jute machinery) to give proper oil or
lubrication to the axle of the doffing knife and the eccentric in connection
with it. The difficulty arose from the fact of the doffing knife requiring
oiling or lubricating once in every three hours or thereabouts.
To obviate this defect is the object of my Invention, and for this purpose
placing upon the end of the doffing knife shaft a quadrant I secure to it
another smaller quadrant by means of bolts and screws in the ordinary
In connection with that smaller quadrant I place a small longitudinal
and horizontal tube, made of wrought iron or any other convenient metal,
and this being bored or hollow, as the case may be, is capable of receiving
oil or lubricating mixture from a point near its extreme end as well as from
the end nearest the doffing knife shaft or comb by means of suitable cups.

page_text: Upon its being charged, and in consequence of its communication with the
doffer or knife shaft, and a further small passage being made to the eccentric
shaft which is generally surrounded with bearings of hard wood, I am enabled
to give the necessary lubrication (for (say generally) about three days' supply.
The end of the tube I may observe is fastened up with an ordinary screw
nut.
It will be seen that the result of this Invention is simply to obviate the
inconvenience now felt by having so frequently to oil or lubricate the necks
of and connected with the doffing knife or comb motion.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE APPLIED TO CISTERNS FOR PREVENTING WASTE OF WATER
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Angus Mackenzie and Samuel
Robinson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 28th March 1867.
We, ANGUS MACKENZIE, of 106, Capel Street, in the City of Dublin,
Plumber, and SAMUEL ROBINSON, of 52, Brunswick Street, in the City of.
Dublin aforesaid, Foreman Builder, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE APPLIED TO CISTERNS FOR
PREVENTING WASTE OF WATER," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar arrangement of apparatus applicable
either to new or to existing cisterns employed for waterclosets or other
purposes, whereby waste of water is prevented, whilst at the same time a
sufficient supply is afforded for effecting a flushing action if required.
In applying our Invention to watercloset cisterns, for example, we construct.
inside the cistern at the lowest part thereof a closed chamber of sufficient:
guage or capacity to contain the requisite amount of water for one flushing of
the closet. A small aperture, which is left constantly open, is made in the
side of this chamber for the purpose of filling the same from the surrounding
water in the cistern. At the bottom of the guage chamber there is fitted the
valve seat and valve, opening either into the old service box or into a supply:
pipe leading direct to the basin; this valve is provided with a tubular spindle.
having a piston working therein, such piston being connected to a float inside-
the closed chamber before referred to, and on the lower part of the piston is
formed a valve cap, and on the upper part of the tubular spindle through

page_text: which the piston works there is formed a valve seat, so that when the piston
is raised by the float to a given height the second passage for water (namely,
the passage through the tubular spindle,) is closed, and remains closed until
by the opening of the principal valve the chamber is emptied. This piston
is further coupled by a wire to the usual overhead weighted lever, which is
connected to the "pull" or handle of the closet.
The object of the entire arrangement is, first, to admit the full complement
of water in the closed chamber to pass down through the principal valve when
opened; and, secondly, to permit of a certain guaged or regulated quantity of
water sufficient to fill the pan of the closet to descend through the tubular
spindle of the main valve after it has been closed. This latter is the result of
the quantity of water admitted to flow through the small open aperture being
in a certain proportion in excess of the quantity which can pass down through
the tubular spindle or piston valve, and consequently the chamber will in a
short time become nearly full and the float raised so as to close the inner
valve; this float, however, is not sufficiently buoyant to open the principal
valve.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COVERING AND PROTECTING SHIPS, FORTS, AND BUILDINGS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Richard Dawson and
John Bailey Davies at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 28th March 1867.
We, WILLIAM RICHARD DAWSON, of High House, Homerton, Gentleman,
and JOHN BAILEY DAVIES, of 2, Lamb's Conduit Place, Gentleman, both in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COVERING AND PROTECTING SHIPS, FORTS, AND BUILDINGS,
to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in substituting for armour plates, such as are
ordinarily used for protecting ships and forts, woven or interlaced iron or
other suitable metal, thereby forming an iron or metal netting. The covering
in substitution for a plate is composed of a suitable number of such nettings
of iron or other metal fastened together in layers one over another, and con-
stituting, when combined and covered by a thin outer plating of iron, a means
of effectually resisting the destructive force of cannon balls and other pro-
jectiles fired against the ships or forts thus protected. The bars or pieces of
which the nettings are composed may be of different sections, and it is
preferred that those of which the inner netting next the vessel is formed
should be of larger section than those forming the outer layers. It may be
found convenient to use bars for the several layers gradually diminishing in
section from the innermost to the outermost layer, so as to present an
increasing resistance to the impact of shot or other projectiles as they pene-
trated the outer layers; but the mode of arranging, proportioning, and

page_text: combining the layers may be varied. It is also intended, if required, to use
pitch, cement, or other suitable material for filling in the meshes or spaces left
by the weaving or interlacing of the bars, and in some cases the thin outer
plating may be dispensed with. The mode in which we propose to effect the
interlacing of bars or pieces to form a netting of metal is to roll three-fourths
of the number of bars required into the same undulating form which they
would acquire when woven, provided they were sufficiently soft and pliable to
admit of weaving in the ordinary manner. One-third of the number of the
said bars so formed are placed parallel to each other at equal distances apart,
and between each of these are placed soft or pliable bars capable of being
bent cold. The interlacing of the bars is now effected by raising the soft or
pliable bars and placing a corrugated cross bar under the said pliable bars and
resting on the corrugated bars originally placed. The pliable bars are now
bent downwards so far as to admit of another corrugated cross bar being
placed over the pliable bars and under the corrugated bars; and this operation
could be continued to any required extent.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR VENTILATING UNDERGROUND RAILWAYS AND OTHER LIKE STRUCTURES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sanders Bevan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
September 1867.
I, SANDERS BEVAN, of 53, Cumming Street, Pentonville, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR VENTILATING UNDERGROUND RAILWAYS AND OTHER LIKE
STRUCTURES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in ventilating underground
railways and other like structures. For this purpose I mount on a suitable
truck or carriage, which may form part of a train, a fan or other suitable
apparatus for introducing a current of fresh air into the underground railway
or other like structure to be ventilated. This is accomplished by the axis of
the fan or other suitable ventilating apparatus being driven from the axles of
the truck or carriage by a band of leather passing over one of the pullies on
the axis of the truck or carriage and over a pulley on the axis of the fan, or
it may be otherwise driven. In place of the fan being mounted on a separate
truck or carriage as above described it may form part of one of the passenger
carriages. In order that the axis of the fan may be driven always in the same
direction I mount on it three pullies, two fast and one loose, and the belts
from both axes of the truck or carriage are alternately moved from one to the
other, according to the direction in which the truck or carriage is moving.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR EXTRACTING CARTRIDGE CASES FROM BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Adams at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th September
1867.
I, ROBERT ADAMS, of Forest Hill, in the County of Surrey, Gun Maker,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR EXTRACTING CARTRIDGE CASES FROM BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improved arrangements of mechanism for extracting
or withdrawing exploded cartridge cases from breech-loading fire-arms having
binged breech blocks for closing the breech end of the barrel, the act of opening
the breech being the means by which the extractor is actuated to withdraw the
cartridge case out of the breech end of the barrel. For this purpose according
to the arrangement of mechanism which I prefer to employ in carrying out
my improvements I mount the finger of the extractor (which acts upon the
rim of the cartridge case to withdraw it from the barrel) upon a slide mounted
so as to move to and fro in a groove formed in the breech piece in a parallel
line or nearly so with the barrel. Upon the upper surface of the slide which
carries the extractor an incline is formed, which is acted upon by another
incline formed on the breech block so as to move the slide and extractor out-
wards from the breech end of the barrel when it is opened. When the breech
block is closed the slide carrying the extractor is moved back to its former
position by a lever arm actuated by a spring mounted upon the breech piece.
In place of forming an incline upon the slide an antifriction roller may be

page_text: mounted thereon for the incline on the breech block to act upon in order to
reduce the friction, or the slide and extractor arranged as previously described
may be actuated by means of a lever jointed to the breech piece; such lever
when depressed by a projection upon the breech block acts upon an antifriction
roller on the slide to move it outwards, the return movement being effected by
a lever and spring as previously described.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CUTTING OR FORMING METAL JOINTS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Newsome at. the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with bis Petition, on the 22nd August
1867.
I, WILLIAM NEWSOME, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR
CUTTING OR FORMING METAL JOINTS," to be as follows:-
This invention is designed for the purpose of cutting or forming the working
faces of metal joints, and consists of an instrument or tool having four dis-
coïdal cutters, and adapted to be used either in an ordinary lathe or to be
worked with a lever as a ratchet brace.
The instrument or tool consists of a short spindle intended to run between the
centre points of the lathes, having at one end a carrier acted on by a driver
attached to the running spindle of the lathe, and carrying four discoïdal
cutters of the proper form and diameter to cut the four faces of the female
half of the joint, or to cut the faces of two male joints. One of the discoïdal
cutters is fixed permanently to the spindle and the other three are capable of
being adjusted thereon by means of cotters or set screws, so that the same
instrument or tool may be adapted to cut or form the working faces of joints
of different breadths and thicknesses. When the instrument is properly

page_text: adjusted to the breadth and thickness of the joint to be cut, and mounted
between the centre points of the lathe, the joint is fastened in the slide rest,
and gradually advanced against the cutters, which as they revolve cut or
form the working faces of the joint.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS BY WHICH CENTRAL-FIRE BREECH- LOADING FIRE-ARMS MAY BE CONVERTED INTO MUZZLE-LOADERS AT PLEASURE, AND WHICH ALSO FORMS AN INDESTRUCTIBLE CARTRIDGE CASE
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Wormald and William Bell
Dalton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 22nd November 1867.
We, JOHN WORMALD, of Roundell Street, in the County of Surrey, Gun
Maker, and WILLIAM BELL DALTON, of Windmill Street, in the County of
Middlesex, Gun Implement Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS BY WHICH CENTRAL-FIRE BREECH-
LOADING FIRE-ARMS MAY BE CONVERTED INTO MUZZLE-LOADERS AT PLEASURE, AND
WHICH ALSO FORMS AN INDESTRUCTIBLE CARTRIDGE CASE," to be as follows:-
Where suitable cartridges cannot be procured a central-fire breech-loading
fire-arm becomes a useless weapon, there being no means of igniting a loose
charge or an ordinary muzzle-loading cartridge, and the main object of our
Invention is to provide an apparatus by which this defect may be obviated.
Our apparatus consists of a loose or supplementary chamber made out
of a solid piece of steel or other hard metal bored at the one end of an
inner diameter and to a depth suitable to the charge, and at the other to
receive a nipple, the solid piece dividing the compartment containing the
nipple from the chamber which is to receive the charge being pierced with a
central hole tapped for the screwing on of the nipple. In turning this loading
chamber to an outer diameter, permitting it to fit closely in the chamber of
the fire-arm, we leave an outer rim at its breech end to permit its easy with-
drawal, but we cut away a part of this rim in order that the extractor by

page_text: which the ordinary cartridge case is withdrawn may pass our apparatus
without extracting it. All kinds of nipples may be used for igniting the
charge in the front, centre, or back, but in order to obtain more room for
the charge we use a nipple of a peculiar construction. Instead of raising the
chimney of the nipple on top of the ordinary shoulder we obtain one of equal
length from a shorter nipple by deeply grooving the shoulder, so that only
about two-thirds of the chimney rises above it, and we make vertical slots in
the rim thus left to permit the easy removal of the exploded cap. To use the
breech-loader as a muzzle-loader push the above described apparatus into its
loading chamber until stopped by the rim at its breech end, lock the gun, load
by the muzzle, then unlock the gun, put a common percussion cap on the
nipple of the apparatus, lock the gun again, and it is ready for firing. Several
of these apparatuses may be carried in an ordinary cartridge box and be used
as indestructible cartridge cases, but when so used it will be placed in the
chamber of the fire-arm, so that the extractor may withdraw it by the rim
instead of traversing the passage formed by cutting away part of the rim, as
it does when the apparatus is used as a muzzle-loading chamber.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DIFFUSING ODOURS OR PERFUMES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Aubert at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st August
1867.
I, WILLIAM AUBERT, of 96, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR DIFFUSING ODOURS OR PERFUMES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for diffusing
odours or perfumes. When any liquid perfume is exposed in an open vessel
it is found that it does not all evaporate together, but the more volatile parts
first go off, whilst a liquid is left which is comparatively inert.
According to my Invention I employ for evaporating perfumes an apparatus
of an ornamental form, consisting of a covered reservoir in which the perfume
is placed, and through the cover of this reservoir a large number of holes or
perforations are formed, through which small strips of sponge (or it may be
other porous material) are inserted. These strips suck up the perfume from
the reservoir in its liquid form and expose it to be evaporated on their ends
which are above the cover, and present an extended evaporating surface.
this way the composition of the liquid in process of evaporation is maintained
until it has all volatilised identically what it was at the commencement of the
operation. The cover supports an ornamental vase which forms a funnel for
supplying the reservoir from time to time.
In
IMPROVE- MENTS IN FEEDING FURNACES FOR PREVENTION OF SMOKE AND ECONOMISING FUEL
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ollive Hollingworth at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th December
1867.
I, OLLIVE HOLLINGWORTH, of 69, Pilgrim St., Newcastle-on-Tyne, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN FEEDING FURNACES FOR PREVENTION OF SMOKE AND ECONOMISING FUEL,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of supplying furnaces with fuel by the following
self-acting mechanical arrangements:-Two shovels and rakes are fitted to
two solid link travelling chains, and these shovels and rakes spread the fuel
evenly over the surface of the furnace grate. The rotation of the chain causes
the shovels to open the lid of a coal box fixed in front of the furnace, which
lid and furnace door are made self-closing by a counterpoise weight or
mechanical equivalent. The chain is set in motion by a small shaft passing
along in front of the furnace and connected with the engine in the usual way,
the chains rolling on blocks of sufficient diameter to allow the shovel and rake
to pass round.