Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd Apr., 1887
Complete Left, 20th Jan., 1888
Complete Accepted, 24th Feb., 1888
I, JAMES DUNEAU DOULTON of Lambeth Pottery in the County of Surrey
Potter do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows :-
This invention relates especially to tiles or blocks of a curved form for the inverts
and sides of sewers and drains.
The face of the tile or block is made of any desired radius, the sides being radial
and slightly bevelled and roughed at the edges next the face for pointing. The
back may be of any shape, preferably I make it concentric with the curved face but
having projections throughout its length to enable the tile or block to be more
securely set.
In the manufacture of earthenware tiles and blocks great difficulty is experienced
in preventing them from warping or twisting in the process of firing, and this is
especially the case in the manufacture of curved picces such as above described.
In order to prevent this distortion I mould or otherwise form two blocks or tiles
together back to back with a space between and connected throughout their length by
projecting pieces. These connecting pieces are partially cut through before firing, so
that after firing they are readily separated, thus dividing the two tiles which retain
their original form.
The connecting pieces may either be cut entirely away flush with the back surfaces
of the tiles or blocks, or they may merely be cut in half leaving longitudinal
projections upon each.
L: 09
11007
CARPMAEL & Co.,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: Improvements in Earthenware Blocks and Tiles and in the
Manufacture of the same.
I, JAMES DUNEAU DOULTON, of Lambeth Pottery, in the County of Surrey,
Potter, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same
is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by tho
following statement :-
This invention relates especially to tiles or blocks of a curved form for the invert
and sides of sewers and drains.
The face of the tile or block is made of any desired radius, the sides being radial
and slightly bevelled and roughed at the edges next the face for pointing. The back
may be of any shape, preferably I make it concentric with the curved face but
having projections throughont its length to enable the tile or block to bo moro
securely set.
In the manufacture of earthenware tiles and blocks great difficulty is experienced
in preventing them from warping or twisting in the process of firing, and this is
especially the case in the manufacture of curved pieces such as above described.
In order to prevent this distortion I mould or otherwise form two blocks or tiles
together back to back with a space between and connected throughout their length
by projecting pieces. These connecting pieces are partially cut through before firing,
so that after firing they are readily separated, thus dividing the two tiles which retain
their original form.
The connecting pieces may either be cut entirely away flush with the back surfaces
of the tiles or blocks, or they may merely be cut in half leaving longitudinal
projections upon each.
In order that my said invention may be fully understood and readily carried into
effect I will proceed to describe the drawings hereunto annexed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is a transverse section of an invert tile or block made in accordance with
my invention -the tile or block here shown is for a 40 inch sewer and it is drawn
one half of the actual size. The tile or block may be made of any convenient length.
Figure 2 shows similarly a side tile or block for a sewer of these dimensions.
Figure 3 shows a double invert tile or block or two tiles or blocks moulded or formed
together back to back, to be separated after burning.
Figure 4 shows a double side tile or block.
The faces of the tiles or blocks here shown are curved to a 20 inch radius and at
the back of the invert tile or block Figure 1 there are projections a a a to hold the
tile or block securely to the backing material. At 6b the sides of the tile or block
are roughened for pointing, shallow longitudinal grooves or lines being scratched in

page_text: C
the plastic clay. At cc the back of the tile or block and the sides of the projections
are roughened to hold more securely to the concrete or cement employed in setting
the tiles or blocks.
The side tile or block Figure 2 is similar but without the central projection a for
in the example shown by the drawing the width of the tilo or block is such that
projections at the sides will suffice.
I would here remark that the tiles or blocks to which this Specification relates are
exclusively such as serve to face concreto or such like backing material. I am aware
that the inverts of sewers have commonly been formed of masses of earthenware
thick enough to form the bottom of the sewer, and having large longitudinal cavities
to lighten them. To such hollow invert blocks I make no claim.
In the double tiles or blocks shown by figures 3 and 4 the projections a a are so
cut that the two parts of the double tilo or block remain attached only along the
narrow bands between the points marked these connections howover serve to
retain the parts whilst the double tile or block is burnt. This double tile or block
being symmetrical can be burnt very truly much more so than single tiles or blocks
could be burnt.
my said
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is-
1. Invert tiles or blocks and side tiles or blocks for sowers and drains substantially
as described; such tiles or blocks having concave faces and radial ends and rough
surfaces for pointing at the edges next the faco.
2. Invert tiles or blocks and side tiles or blocks for sewers and drains substantially
as described; such tiles or blocks having concave faces and radial ends, and
longitudinal projections at the back to enable the tile or block to be more securely
set.
3. Invert and side tiles or blocks for sewers and drains substantially as described
and illustrated by the annexed drawings.
4. Double invert tiles or blocks and side tiles or blocks for sewers and drains
substantially as described; such tiles or blocks having concave faces and radial ends
and longitudinal projections connected back to back but partially divided as herein
set forth.
Dated this 17th day of January 1888.