In- PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY POR MAKING PIPES, SHEETS, STILL' WORMS, AND OTHER ARTICLES FROM THAT CLASS OF METALS CALLED SOFT METALS, AS LEAD, TIN, ZINC, BISMUTH, OR ALLOYS OF SOFT METALS THAT ARE CAPABLE OF BEING FORCED OUT OF METAL RECEIVERS OR CHAMBERS, THROUGH DIES, CORES, &c
Year: 1853

page_text: TTERS PATENT to Edward Keating Davis, late of Manchester,
but now of No. 1, Howley Street, Lambeth, in the County of
Surrey, Metal Pipe Manufacturer, for the Invention of "In-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY POR MAKING PIPES, SHEETS, STILL'
WORMS, AND OTHER ARTICLES FROM THAT CLASS OF METALS CALLED
SOFT METALS, AS LEAD, TIN, ZINC, BISMUTH, OR ALLOYS OF SOFT
METALS THAT ARE CAPABLE OF BEING FORCED OUT OF METAL RECEIVERS
OR CHAMBERS, THROUGH DIES, CORES, &c."
aled the 26th May 1854, and dated the 30th November 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Keating
Davis at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 30th November 1853.
I, EDWARD KEATING DAVIS, late of Manchester, but now of No. 1,
Howley Street, Lambeth, in the County of Surrey, Metal Pipe
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACEINERY FOR MAKING PIPES, SHEETS, STILL WORMS,

page_text: AND OTHER ARTICLES FROM THAT CLASS OF METALS CALLED SOFT METALS, AS
LEAD, TIN, ZINC, BISMUTH, OR ALLOYS OF SOFT METALS THAT ARE CAPABLE
OF BEING FORCED THROUGH DIES, CORES, &c.," to be as follows:-
Firstly, in an improved hydraulic press for the purpose of making
pipes and other articles, whereby a double action is obtained in the
following manner, namely, that instead of the press cylinder having
only one open end for the piston rod or ram to work through as in the
ordinary press, both ends are made the same, and instead of the packed
working piston in the cylinder being at one end of the piston rod it is
in this case in the centre, having a rod or ram on each side, and which
works through each cover at the ends of the cylinder, and as it is moved
to and fro, acts, alternately on two sets of metal containers, complete
with dies, cores, &c.
Secondly, in an arrangement-of-machinery whereby lead or other
soft metal pipes may be made with a complete interior caseing of pure
block tin or other metals or alloys at one and the same operation, that
is to say, not a mere wash or plating of the pipe with another metal as
has been heretofore practised, but such a casing that when the pipe is
cut so as to shew its cross section the casing metal can be distinctly
seen in the form of a thin tube. This is effected in part so far as the
simple pipe is concerned by the ordinary pipe-making machinery in use,
but I add an extra furnace with a melting pot for melting the tin or
other casing metal, the same being placed at a considerable altitude
over the pipe-making machine; the melted metal is conducted down a
pipe through a heated flue and connected to the standing core that
determines the bore of the pipe in the first instance. In this case I add
a second core or mandril, the same being of considerable length and as
much smaller in the diameter than the pipe made as the intended
thickness of the casing required. When in operation the flued casing
metal fills up the vacant or empty space between the extra long core or
mandril, and the pipe when it is afterwards chilled or solidified by being
cooled with water. The object of the casing metal melting pot being
placed to such an altitude is for the purpose of obtaining great pressure
by the weight of the flued column of metal; otherwise as the casing
metal was undergoing the process of cooling or setting, it would be

page_text: liable to break up or granulate in consequence of the friction produced
by the long core or mandril.
Thirdly, in obtaining the same object or results as above the general
arrangement, being the same except in this case the casing metal
melting pot is placed in juxtaposition with the other parts of the
machinery, the pot being made air-tight and the necessary pressure
being obtained by compressed air acting on the surface of the flued
metal.
Fourthly, an arrangement of machinery for making soft metal pipes,
the metal being worked in the fluid state, and which consists of a strong.
head stock or die and core holder, and which is attached to an air-tight
metal melting pot similar to the third arrangement, the necessary.
pressure or power being obtained by compressed air acting on the
surface of the flued metal in the melting pot, the core or mandril that
determines the bore or intended diameter of the pipe is what is
technically termed in the trade a standing or fixed core, but in this case
it is much longer than is generally used. The die is also essentially
different to what are used in the trade, it being long and tubular in
form in order to be able to cool or chill the pipe before it issues from
the die and core.
Fifthly, this arrangement is for the purpose of making soft metal
sheets and is identical with the fourth arrangement for making pipes
so far as the principle is concerned, the only difference being in the
form of the metal holder or container, after the metal has passed
from the melting pot, and also the form of the die plates.
Sixthly, this arrangement is the same as the fifth, but has an
additional apparatus attached for the purpose of tining or plating with.
other metals the sheets at one and the same operation. The apparatus
is similar in principle to that used for casing pipes in the second
arrangement, the only difference being in the form of the plating
metal container after the metal has passed from the melting pot.
Seventhly, an arrangement of machinery for making lead or other
soft metal sheets from the solid metal by hydraulic pressure. So far as
the process is concerned it is very similar to making pipes from the
solid metal, but in order to produce the sheets perfectly flat the metal
.

page_text: container and the die plates are of the rectangular or parallelogrum
form, consequently the whole arrangement of the machinery is very
wide compared with the depth or thickness. For this reason, although
the desired effect can be produced by one very powerful hydraulic press,
I prefer using two or three equally divided in the width of the ram'or
piston for forcing the metal out of the container, the whole being
worked by one set of pumps. By this arrangement the pressure or
strain on the several parts of the machine is more equally distributed.
Eighthly, this arrangement is the same as the above or seventh, but
to which is added the apparatus for tinning or plating the sheets
with other metals at one and the same operation as in the sixth
arrangement.
Ninthly, this machine is for the purpose of making sheets of lead or
other soft metals, the metal being worked in a fluid-or semi-fluid state.
The arrangement is similar to the seventh, but the press power required
is considerable less. The die in this case is made in two parts and very
long; in order that the metal shall traverse a considerable distance for
the purpose of being cooled or chilled before issuing from the dic.
Tenthly, an improved ram or piston for forcing the metal out of the
metal container when worked in a fluid or semi-fluid state as in the
ninth arrangement. This improvement consists in accurately fitting a
strong copper packing round the piston, the object of which is to ensure
a perfect close fit when the container and piston are in a heated state,
so that the fluid metal will not escape between the sides of the container
and the piston. This is effected by the difference of expansion between
the iron and the copper.
Eleventhly, an improved metal container charging aperture. This
improvement consists in having an extra aperture placed at a con-
venient angle in connection with the common charging aperture, the
object of which is to act as an overflow, that is to say, so soon as the
container is filled with the fluid metal and the supply be not stopped,
the metal will then run off through the overflow aperture.
Twelfthly, a new double die to be used when coating pipes externally
with tin or other metals; and consists of fixing two dies at such a
distance from each other so as to admit of a small chamber or metal

page_text: container between them, the object of which is to hold the tin or other
metal, for the purpose of coating the pipes. This chamber has apertures
round its periphery for supplying the tin or other metal. When in
operation the first die forms or determines the outside of the pipe, the
pipe then passes through the small chamber where it becomes coated,
and then passes through the second die where it is finished.
Thirteenthly, this applys to a new mode of making the metal containers
and the press cylinders; and consists of casing the interior with wrought
iron. For example, in making a metal container on this principle there
would first be a strong wronght iron cylinder made; being turned and
bored, it is then introduced into the prepared sand mould in the same
manner as a loam core when the cast iron is run over it.
Fourteenthly, a new mode of making still worms when block tin is
required by the pipe-making machinery in the second arrangement;
and consists of using the cased pipe as it issues from the machine in a
heated state by previously preparing the reel for winding the pipes on
with binding plates having on their surface proper receptacles at such
a distance as required for receiving the pipe. This being done there are
then corresponding plates placed on the exterior of the coil opposite
the interior ones; each pair are then screwed together when the whole
are taken off the reel completed, the plates forming the necessary frame
work and stands.
Fifteenthly, this consists in coating lead or other soft metal pipes in the
interior or exterior, or both, with gutta percha or 'caoutchouc, either in
the combined or simple state, and also combined with other materials;
the above to be used in a state of solution.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Edward Keating Davis in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 30th May 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
EDWARD KEATING DAVIS, late of Manchester, but now of 1, Howley
Street, Lambeth, in the County of Surrey, Metal Pipe Manufacturer,
send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirtieth day of November, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the seven-
teenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Edward Keating Davis, Her special licence
that I, the said Edward Keating Davis, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Edward Keating Davis, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY FOR MAKING PIPES, SHEETS, STILL WORMS, AND OTHER
ARTICLES, FROM THAT CLASS OF METALS CALLED SOFT METALS, AS LEAD,
TIN, ZINC, BISMUTH, OR ALLOYS OF SOFT METALS THAT ARE CAPABLE OF
BEING FORCED OUT OF METAL RECEIVERS OR CHAMBERS, THROUGH DIES,
CORES, &c.," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Edward Keating Davis, by an instrument in writing under my hand
and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edward Keating Davis, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement,-reference being had to the
Drawings hereto annexed, that is to say:-
Firstly, in an improved hydraulic press for the purpose of making
pipes, sheets, and other articles, whereby a double action is obtained in
the following manner, namely, that instead of the press cylinder having
only one open end for the piston rod or ram to work through, as in the
ordinary press, both ends are made the same, and instead of the packed
working piston in the press cylinder being at one end of the piston rod,
it is in this case in the centre, having a rod or ram on each side, and

page_text: which works through each cover at the ends of the cylinder, and as it is
moved to and fro acts alternately on two sets of metal containers
complete with dies, cores, &c., and for the purpose of explaining more
clearly, I shall now refer to the Drawings. Fig. 1, is a longitudinal
elevation, with part in section, and will shew this part of my Invention.
The machinery it will be seen has many parts similar to that in general
use for making soft metal pipes, so far as the metal receiver. or con-
tainer, as they are technically called in the trade, are concerned; also,
the dies, cores, &c., but to such parts I make no claim, althongh it will
be necessary to explain them, in order that this part of my Invention
may be more clearly understood, nor do I confine myself to any
particular design or form of such parts. A, A, is the hydraulic press
cylinder, part being in section, in order to shew form and position of
the double acting piston. C, the double acting piston or rum; this will
be more clearly seen at Fig. 42, and detached at Fig. 2. E, E, are the
press cylinder covers, which are acurately, firmly fitt, and secured by
bolts and nuts. These covers have apertures in the centre of just
sufficient size so as to allow the piston rods or rams to work through,
and have each a leather packing on their inner sides which are secured
by metal rings and screws for the purpose of keeping. the cylinder
perfectly water tight. It will also be seen that there are similar leather
packings and fittings on each side of the double acting piston C, and
which is to prevent the water from passing that side where the pressure
is being applied to the opposite one. The yellow tints represent these
packings. B, B, and B, B', represent the metal receivers or containers;
D, D, the pistons or rams, for the purpose of forcing the metal through
the dies into the form of pipes, according to this arrangement. F, F,
represents the mandril or core that determines the internal inner diameter
or bore of the pipe, and which is fit and secured by cotter to the rams
D. G, G, the die for determining the external diameter of the pipe;
H, the cylinder for holding the die G, in its position. I, is the gland
for adjusting the die G to the core F, and firmly to keep it in its proper
position by the three strong bolts
plainly seen by reference to Fig. 4.
supplying the metal container with
and nuts, and which will be more
K, K, is the charging aperture for
melted metal. 0, 0, [are pipes

page_text: for supplying the cylinder with water from the force pumps. P, P, are
registers or gages for ascertaining the position of the rams D, D, with
the containers when in operation. S', S', are furnaces for heating
the metal containers, and which will be more clearly seen at Fig. 3.
O, O, are the chimneys; O', O', the dampers; L, L, L, L, L, L, are
snugs for receiving the binding rods M, M, M, M. These letters have
only reference to one rod, &c., but will be more clearly seen at Figs. 4,
5, 6. N, N, N, N, N, N, glazed plates; R, R, R, R, R, R, are the
stands; R', R', R', the bed plate.
Secondly, in an arrangement of machinery whereby lead or other soft
metal pipes may be made with a complete interior casing of
pure block
tin or other metals or alloys at one end and the same operation, that
is to say, not a mere wash or plating of the pipe with another metal, as
has been heretofore practised, but such a casing that, when the pipe is
cut so as to shew its cross section, the casing metal can be distinctly
seen in the form of a thin tube. This is effected in part, so far as the
simple pipe is concerned, by the ordinary pipe-making machinery in use,
but I add an extra furnace with a melting pot for melting the tin or
other casing metal; the same being placed at a considerable altitude
over the pipe-making machine, the melted metal is conducted down a
pipe through a heated flue, and connected to the common standing core
that determines the bore of the pipe in the first instance. To this core
I add a second core or mandril, the same being of considerable length,
and as much smaller in the diameter than the pipe made as the
iutended thickness of the casing required. When in operation the fluid
casing metal fills up the vacant or empty space between the extra long core
or mandril and the pipe, when it is afterwards chilled or solidified by being
cooled with water. The object of the casing metal melting pot being
placed to such an altitude is for the purpose of obtaining great pressure
by the weight of the fluid column of metal, otherwise as the casing
metal was undergoing the process of cooling or setting, it would be
liable to break up or granulate in consequence of the friction produced
by the long core or mandril. I shall now proceed to explain the
Drawing, but so far only as relates to this part of my Invention, as the
other parts of the Figure are precisely the same in principle and action

page_text: as the last at Fig. 1; and before proceeding further, I would say that I
do not confine myself to using this apparatus to this arrangement of
machinery, as the same is also equally applicable to single machines.
Fig. 7, is a longitudinal and vertical elevation, part being in section, of
the apparatus that I use for obtaining the before-named object; B¹, is
the die end of the metal container; S, the die gland; H, the cylinder
for holding the die in its position; G, the external dic and core holder;
F, the short core that determines the internal bore of the pipe in the
first instance. This core is made tubular internally to within a short
distance from the top, with several small apertures for the passage of
metal; F, the extra long core or mandril, and which will be seen more
plainly by referring to Fig. 8, the same being a vertical section; F, the
short core; F, part of the extra long core; G, the dye; G', core short
holder; L, the aperture for supplying tin; L', Fig. 7, tin supply
aperture in container; T", the supply pipe from the tin melting pot;
S, the melting pot; S', the furnace; O, chimney; T³, metal pot valve
lever; T, rod and wheel for regulating the valve lever; T, T, cased
pipe issuing from the machine; V, V, water apparatus for chilling the
pipe U, U; U, U¹, friction guide pulleys; W, drum for guiding the
pipe; W', drum for collecting the pipe. Before explaining the opera-
tion of making pipes on this principal, I must state that the extra long
core extends from its connection with the short core until it passes
between the two part of friction guide pulleys U, U, and which pulleys
are so constructed that should the long core warp out of its true
position, it is soon adjusted. The process is as follows:-It must now
be considered that there is a charge of metal in the container, and
which metal I prefer to work at U, heat above the melting point of tin,
442, &c.; B, B', also melted tin in the melting pot; S, also a tube
slipped on to the long core, the same fitting very accurately and being
the same diameter as the intended pipe. The machine is now put into
operation until there is a short length of pipe produced. The tube
or hollow mandril has one of its ends thin and taper, and which is now
introduced into the short pipe recently made; the whole is then fixed in
a firm and true position, and the machine set in motion, and when the
pipe has traversed some distance, the workman opens the valve in the

page_text: tin melting pot by the wheel T; the tin then makes its way through
the pipe T', the aperture L', aperture L³ in die, through the short
core, and into the space between the pipe and long core, when it is
chilted and solidified and gathered on the drum W. The tint yellow
represents the lead, and the red the block tin. Fig. 9, the section of
a pipe made on this principle; yellow, the lead; red, the tin. Fig. 10,
end view, shewing gland and first part of guide pulleys. Fig. 11, side
view of guide pulley; Fig. plan of ditto."
Thirdly, in obtaining the same object or result as above, the general
arrangement being the same as the second, except in this case, the
casing metal melting pot is placed in juxtaposition with the other
parts of the machinery, the pot being made air tight, and the necessary
pressure being obtained by compressed air acting on the surface of the
fluid metal. In this case I do not think it quite necessary.
to go
into
detail further than the subject of the pressure on the melted tin is
concerned, inasmuch as the arrangement of the machinery is exactly
the same as the last or second part, except that there are some parts
omitted in order to be better able to see the parts requiring explana-
tion. I will now explain the Drawing that relates to this part of
my Invention. Part of Fig. 15, is a side elevation, with part in
section; S2, is the tin melting pot, and which is heated hot air from
the machine furnace; P¹, hot air flue; P, partition to hot air flue;
S*, hot air outlet into chimney; T, metal supply valve to machine; T",
metal waste valve; H, hot air supply pipe. Fig. 28 is an air vessel,
with self-acting valve attached, and which will be best explained before
proceeding further. Fig. 24 represents this valve on a larger scale.
A, is the working cylinder; B, the piston; C, the piston rod; D, the
valve; E, the inlet lock; F, the connecting pipe between valve cham-
ber and the cylinder; G, steel spiral spring balance; E¹, stand and
screw for regulating the amount of pressure; I, graduated scale and
printer J, small spiral spring to keep the valve in the socket end of
piston rod. The action of this valve is as follows:-First, the spring.
balance is screwed down to stand a certain pressure; in the event of
this being exceeded, the compressed air having to pass through the
cylinder A, the piston B will be acted upon, and which will have the

page_text: effect of closing the valve. Having explained thus far, it only
remains for me to state that according to the arrangement as repre-
sented in the Drawings, Fig. 17, being the air force pump to compress
the air into the air vessel, that should any casualty occur when in
operation, such, for example, as the fluid of the metal becoming too
low, then the valve would be closed immediately, and thereby prevent
accident.
Fourthly, an arrangement of machinery for making soft metal pipes,
and which consists of a strong head stock or die and core holder, and
which is attached to an air-tight metal melting pot similar to the third
arrangement, the necessary pressure or power being obtained by com-
pressed air acting on the surface of the fluid metal in the melting pot.
The core or mandril that determines the bore or internal diameter of
the pipe is what is technically termed in the trade a standing or fixed
core, but in this case it is much longer than is generally used. The die
is also essentially different to what are used in the trade, it being long
and tubular in form, in order to be able to cool or chill the pipe before
it issues from the die and core, with similar water apparatus as that
attached to Fig. 7. I shall now proceed to describe this part of my
Invention, and I explain the Drawings. Fig. 18 represents a side ele-
vation of a machine constructed according to the principle of this part
of my Invention, and Fig. 19 is an end elevation of the same; the letter
representing the same parts that can be seen. B¹, Fig. 18, head stock
or die and core holder; I, the gland, and which is firmly secured with
bolts and nuts to the head stock B', for the purpose of holding securely
the die and core in their true position, both of which it will be seen
are broken off or left short. F, represents the core; G, the die; and
I, the pipe; all these parts will be better understood by reference to
Fig. 20, the same being a vertical section at B¹. Fig. 21, represents a
plan of the core with its plate, shewing the aperture for the fluid
metal to pass through; S, represents the metal pot; S¹, the furnace;
S3, chimney pipe; T, the metal supply valve; T, the metal waste
valve; P, F, in the platform; R, stands; R¹, bed plate; W, V, lever
safety valve. Fig. 29, air vessel with self-acting valve attached, also
stop valve V. This arrangement represents the air vessel divested of
.

page_text: the pumps, the vessel having previously been charged. The self-
acting valve is the same in construction as in Fig. 15, and Fig. 24,
except that it is made to act much quicker by the addition of the
toothed rack and quadrant. Fig. 22 shews an arrangement that is
identical with the foregoing, the only difference being in the water
apparatus and being placed vertically, and which I prefer for making
block tin pipes. C, is the inlet cock for water; C', the overflow, but
when required it is stopped, and the cock C, opened when the pipe
will pass through the water.
Fifthly, this arrangement is for the purpose of making soft metal
sheets, and is identical with the fourth arrangement for making pipes
so far as the principle is concerned, the only difference being in the
form of the metal holder or container after the metal has passed from
the melting pot, and also the form of the die plates and water appa-
ratus. Fig. 34 is a plan or top view of this arrangement; F, is the
connecting flang for the metal supply valve; B, B', chamber supply
pipe; C, C, metal chamber; G, circulating water chamber; I, outlet
water pipe; L, sheet lead; L, die; I, I, I, I, I, I, water chambers.
Fig. 37 is a longitudinal section; C, is the metal chamber; E, waste
metal valve; G, G, circulating water chambers; D, die plate for
determining the thickness of the sheets; I, I, water for keeping die
plate cool; 1', water inlet pipe; 1, outlet pipe. Fig. 35 is a side
elevation, the same letters describing the same parts. Fig. 36: A, is
the metal supply valve. In the representation of this arrangement I
have thought it unnecessary to introduce the melting pot and other
parts for brevity, as the form and principal are the same, the only
difference being, the sheet arrangement for making sheets are on a
much larger scale. The operation is the same as when making pipes ;
previous to the metal being turned on, the aperture is stopped up with
a slip of metal, the parts are filled with metal and cooled until it
is in the solid state, when the operation on, as in the pipe making
process.
Sixthly, this arrangement is the same as the fifth, but has an addi-
tional apparatus attached for the purpose of fining or plating with other
metals the sheets at one and the same operation. The apparatus is

page_text: similar in principle to that used for casing pipes in the second arrange-
ment, the only difference being in the form of the metal plating con-
tainer after the metal has passed from the melting pot. As this
arrangement is the same as the last, or fifth, I shall only refer to that
part for the plating process. Fig. 31 is a plan or top view of this
arrangement; N, is the inlet pipe to the chamber for holding tin; O, is
the outlet for emptying the chamber; M'; hot air chamber; P, inlet hot
air pipe; Q, outlet to ditto; L', tin plated sheet lead. Fig. 32 is a
longitudinal section; M, chamber for holding tin and hot air chamber,
the red tint being the tin chamber; Q, the outlet from the hot air flue.
Fig. 33 is a side view at that part where the tin enters the chamber,
the letters of reference corresponding with those on the same part in
the other Figures. The mode of operation is as follows:-It will be
seen that when the sheet lead has passed the die plate the spaces
becomes larger, the sheet is allowed to pass through to the outside, of
the machine; it is then stopped, and the vacant space outside stop
up; the space it is then filled with fluid tin and allowed to cool as in
the operation of the lead sheet; this done, the two operations go on
together.
.
Seventhly, an arrangement of machinery for making lead or other
soft metal sheets from the solid metal by hydraulic pressure. So far as
the process is concerned it is very similar to making pipes from the
solid metal, but in order to produce the sheets perfectly flat the metal
container and tho die plates are of the rectangular or parallelogram
form, consequently the whole arrangement of the machinery is very
For this reason, although
wide compared with the depth or thickness.
the desired effect can be produced by one very powerful-hydraulic press,
I prefer using two or three equally divided in the width of the ram or
piston for forcing the metal out of the container, the whole being
worked by one set of pumps; by this arrangement the pressure or
strain on the several parts of the machine is more equally distributed.
The following description of the Drawings will explain the arrange-
ment more clearly. A, A, A, Fig. 43, shews 3 hydraulic presses; and
B, B', metal container; M, M, M, M, binding rods or.rolts; I, L,
press connecting and binding plates; N, N, N, N, collar binding

page_text: plates; this only includes one set out of four. D, the ram for forcing
metal out of the container; D', ram connecting cross head;
E, E, E, E, E, E, press cylinder covers; C', C', C, C, C, C', press
rams; B2, B3, strengthening ribs which for flues for heating the
container; G, die; F, flang; K, charging aperture; I', sheet metal.
Fig. 38 shews an end view of the hydraulic press; Fig. 42 is a vertical
section of Fig. 43'; Fig. 41 is a side elevation of Fig. 43; the whole
of the letters of reference correspond in each Figure. The mode of
operation is this machinery is identical with the first arrangement for
making pipes, and had only to remark that although these several
Figures shew the double acting principle, I do not confine myself to
such arrangement.
the same.
Eighthly, this arrangement is the same as the above, or seventh, but
to which is added the apparatus for tining or plating the sheets with
other metals at one and the same operation as in the sixth arrange-
ment, and for this purpose there is a flange F, Fig. 43, for connecting
Fig. 39 is an end view of Fig. 43, and shews this connec
tion in section. Fig. 40 shews a end view of Fig. 43, with a new
arrangement of die when making sheets from the solid metal, and which
may also be seen in section in Figure 41. The mode of varying the
side of the die apperture is on the inclined plane principle, and consists
of two parts of a die plate and two wedges, and is worked with a shaft
having a right-hand screw at one end and a left-hand one on the other;
by turning the shaft one way the two plates expand, and the wedges
are withdrawn, and vice versa. The die plates are marked H, H; the
wedges J, J; working shaft I, I. the two carriers or cross heads R, R¹;
die plate holder in section G';G
Ninthly, this machine is for the purpose of making sheets of lead or
other soft metals, the metal being worked in a fluid or semi-fluid state.
The arrangement is similar to the seventh, but the press power required
is considerably less. The die in this case is made in two parts and very
long, in order that the metal shall traverse a considerable distance for
the purpose of being coolled or chilled before issuing from the die. This
arrangement is worked on the inclined plane principle, and is worked
by two shafts, one on each side. On these shafts there are two worms;-

page_text: ou each shaft there is one, a left screw hand, and the other a right
hand screw; these work in wheels and which carry bosses also screwed
internally, and which screw on the screw that are fixed to the die plates';
by these means there is a great power obtained, so that dies are altered
with much ease. I shall now refer to the Drawings. Fig. 44 is a
plan at top; I, I, I, I, the screws and wheels; Fig. 45, from view;
E, H, the dies; I, the wedge; Fig. 46; side elevation in section; Fig. 47,
side elevation; Fig. 49 is a screw and wheel on a larger scale;
Fig. 50, front view of the same. I have only referred to such parts
that are concerned with the die, as the other parts appear in other
Figures.
Tenthly, an improved ram or piston for forcing the metal out of the
metal container when worked in a fluid or semi-fluid state, as in the
ninth arrangement. This improvement consists in accurately fitting a
strong copper packing round the piston, the object of which is to ensure
a perfect close fit when the container and piston are in a heated state,
so that the fluid metal will not escape between the sides of the container
and the piston; this is effected by the difference of expansion between
the iron and the copper F.
Eleventhly, an improved metal container charging aperture. This
improvement consists in having an extra aperture placed at a conve-
nient angle in connection with the common charging apperture, the
object of which is to act as an overflow, that is to say, so soon as the
container is filled with the fluid metal, and the supply be not stopped,
the metal will then run off throw the overflow apperture. Fig. 54
shews two such appertures, the one at the top of the container marked
H, charging apperture, and C¹, overflows. This will be seen more clearly
dotted at the end view of Fig. 55; the second in Fig. 54, G, charging
apperture; G, overflow.
Twelfthly, a new double die to be used when coating pipes externally
with tin or other metals, and consists of fixing two dies at such a dis-
tance from each other so as to admit of a small chamber or metal con-
tainer between them, the object of which is to hold the tin or other
metal for the purpose of coating the pipes. This chamber has apertures
round its periphery for supplying the tin or other metal when in opera-
tion. The first dié forms or determines the outside of the pipe; the pipe

page_text: then passes through the small chamber, where it becomes coated, and
then passes through the second die, where it is finished; by this arrange-
ment pure block tin can be used for that purpose. Fig. 25 represents dies
according to this arrangement, to be used horizontally. G is the die plate;
G', the second die; F, the core; H, the die holder; I, the core holder;
I, the funnel for supplying the chamber with fluid metal; K is a screwed
plug for stopping waste apperture;-the red tint shews the chamber filled
with tin; the yellow tint shews the lead pipe. Fig. 26 is a similar
arrangement for working vertically; Fig. 27 shews a sectional plan
between the two dies.
Thirteenthly, this applies to a new mode of making the metal con-
tainers and the press cylinders, and consists of casing the interior with
wrought iron. For example, in making a metal container on this
principle, there would first be a strong wrought-iron cylinder made;
being turned and bored, it is then introduced into the prepared sand
mould in the same manner as a loam core, when the cast-iron is run
over it. In Fig. 54 such a cylinder is represented, the wrought-iron
being of a light color.
Fourteenthly, a new mode of making still worms when block tin is
required by the pipe-making machinery in the second arrangement, and
consists of using the cased pipe as it issues from the machine in a heated
state, by previously preparing the reel for winding the pipes on with
binding plates having on their surface proper receptacles at such
a distance as required for receiving the pipe; this being done there are
then corresponding plates placed in the exterior of the coil opposite the
interior ones; each pair are then screwed together, when the whole are
taken off the reel completed, the plates forming the necessary frame-
work and stands. Fig. 54 represents this arrangement.
Fifteenthly, this consists in coating lead or other soft metal pipes in
the interior or exterior, or both, with gutta percha or caoutchouc, either
in the combined or simple. state, and also combined with other materials
in gums, lucs, bituminous and resinous matters; the same to be used in
a state of solution. And although I do not confine myself to any par-
ticular mixture or quantity of the above materials, I do prefer in all
cases, after there has been a prepass by coating applied, to deposit,
lastly, a coating of pure gutta percha. The quantity and quality of these

page_text: coatings must depend upon circumstances: for example, a small pipe, if
subjected to more bending and twisting than large ones, consequent
by the coatings, of necessity should be more flexible, saying nothing of
chemical requirements.
The object is effected in the following manner:-Suppose a coil of
pipe to be on a drum or reel, and at a heat not less than one hundred
and fifty Farenheit, a funnel is introduced into one end of the pipe, and
a given quantity of the required solution poured therein, the reel is then
made to revolve until the superfluous solution is delivered out at the
opposite end; this having been done, the operation can be repeated if
required.
First, I claim the double action hydraulic press, as described.
Second, I claim the casing of soft metal pipes with block and other
metals.
Third, I claim the forcing of soft metals by compressed air, without
regard to form of dies and cores.
Fourth, I claim the plating of sheets, in the manner described.
Fifth, I claim the mode of making soft metal sheets, as set forth.
Sixth, I claim the improvement in metal chargeing apertures.
Seventh, I claim making dies for coating lead and other pipes with
other metals.
Eighth, I claim making metal container and the press cylinder, as
described.
Ninth, I claim the mode of making still-worms, as described.
Tenth, I claim the coating of soft metal pipes with gutta-percha
india-rubber, &c., as set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Keating Davis, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Thirtieth day of May,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
fifty-four.
EDWARD KEATING DAVIS. (L.S.)