PRODUCING A NEW CHEMICAL AND ARTIFICIAL MANURE FROM BONES, AND ALL SUCH ANIMAL AND FATTY MATTERS
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Michael John Stark, of the City of Norwich,
Chemist and Merchant, for the Invention of "PRODUCING A NEW CHEMICAL
AND ARTIFICIAL MANURE FROM BONES, AND ALL SUCH ANIMAL AND FATTY
MATTERS."
Sealed the 13th October 1859, and dated the 26th August 1859.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Michael John Stark at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and Decla-
ration, on the 26th August 1859, pursuant to the 9th Section of the
Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, MICHAEL
JOHN STARK, of the City of Norwich, Chemist and Merchant, send greeting.
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "PRODUCING A NEW
CHEMICAL OR ARTIFICIAL MANURE FROM BONES, AND ALL SUCH ANIMAL AND FATTY
MATTERS," and have petitioned Her Majesty to grant unto me, my executors,
administrators, and assigns Her Royal Letters Patent for the same, and have
made solemn declaration that I am the true and first Inventor thereof.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Michael John Stark, do hereby declare
that the following Complete Specification, under my hand and seal, fully
describes and ascertains the nature of the said Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, that is to say:-
In a suitably constructed vessel I place bones and such like animal and
fatty matters, and either by the application of superheated or saturated steam

page_text: generated under atmospheric or higher pressure, 1 extract, distil, and dissolve
by the ordinary processes well known to operative chemists, all the oily,
fatty, and gelatinous substances which they contain, such as chondrin, gelatine,
globulin, albumen, oleic, margaric, stearic, and other acids from the said
substances, and with such products so obtained I mix, combine, and incor-
porate nitric, hydrochloric, and sulphuric acids, salts of soda, potash, ammonia,
and lime, and thus produce most valuable fertilizing agents. Furthermore,
by mixing and combining, with the products obtained as above, caustic
and other alkalies, salts of potash, soda, and lime, and by distilling and
digesting these mixtures, I produce salts of ammonia and other nitrogenous
matters of high agricultural value; and still further, by crushing, pounding,
grinding and squeezing into a powdery, gummy, or pasty mass the aforesaid
bones and other such animal matter, and by dissolving, mixing, combining and
incorporating and treating them with nitric, hydrochloric, and sulphuric acids,
salts of ammonia, soda, potash, lime, and other chemical salts; and also by
mixing them with the first obtained products; also with the salts of ammonia,
&c., obtained as a second product, I produce a chemical or artificial manure
scarcely inferior to the finest Peruvian guano, which 1 call or style "chondrin
bone manure."
In practice, I have obtained the best results by mixing the substances
enumerated above in quantities proportionate to their relative atomic weights;
but I have found that, by mixing them in other proportions than these, 1
produce manures of less, though still of considerable value.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, I claim the production, in the manner described, of
a new and highly valuable chemical or artificial manure from bones and such
other animal and fatty matters, to be called or styled "Stark's Patent chondrin
bone manure."
In witness whereof, I, the said Michael John Stark, have hereunto set
"
my hand.and. seal, this Twenty-fourth day of August, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
MICHAEL JOHN STARK. (L.S.)
Chemist & Merchant,
Norwich.