IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR WARMING RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES, AND OTHER PLACES AND BUILDINGS
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Brookes, of 62, Chancery Lane, London,
in the County of Middlesex, Patent and Registration Agent, for
the Invention of " IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR WARMING
RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES, AND OTHER PLACES AND BUILDINGS."-
A communication from abroad by Jean Jules Adolphe Chaumont,
1
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Brookes at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 24th April 1874.
I, WILLIAM BROOKES, of 62, Chancery Lane, London, in the County
5 of Middlesex, Patent and Registration Agent, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS
FOR WARMING RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES, AND OTHER PLACES AND BUILDINGS
(communicated to me from abroad by Jean Jules Adolphe Chaumont,
"

page_text: of Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium, Civil Engineer), to be as
follows:-
This Invention, as communicated to me, relates to improvements in
means or apparatus for warming railway and other carriages and
other places and buildings.
According to this Invention the heat to be utilized in the warming
apparatus is produced by one or more gas burners, or petroleum or other
lamps or stoves, in which suitable combustible material is caused to
burn. Each of the said gas burners, or lamps, or stoves, is contained in
a metal box or casing perforated with one or more suitable apertures for
the admission of air necessary for the combustion of the gas or combustible
material used. The heat and products of combustion pass from the
fire-place or places into suitable pipes herein-after called the heating
pipes, by which they are conveyed into and through a metal case or
chest, herein-after called the warming chest, let into the floor of the
carriage or other place to be heated, and are finally discharged into the
atmosphere.
When it is desired to warm the air for ventilation before its admission
into the carriage or place to be heated the said warming chest is divided
horizontally into two parts or compartments, through which the heating
pipes are made to pass. The upper compartment may be quite closed on
all sides, the heat from the receiving pipes being communicated to the
top and sides thereof by means of a nap of air or a suitable liquid
contained in the said compartment.
The lower compartment of the said warming chest is heated partly
by the heat from the upper compartment and partly by the heating
pipe or pipes passing through it. The said lower compartment receives
and heats the air for the ventilation of the carriage or place to be heated,
which air enters the apparatus through a metal outer casing placed
round each fire-place, and is from thence conveyed through a suitable
pipe or flue to the lower compartment of the warming chest and is then
discharged through one or more suitable pipes or flues into the carriage
or other place to be heated.
When it is not desired to heat the air for ventilation the warming
chest is not divided into compartments and the whole warming chest
heated together by the heating pipe or pipes passing through it.

page_text: When two fire-places are used to heat the warming chest the said
fire-places are placed at opposite ends of the warming chest and the
heating pipes are made to traverse the said warming chest in opposite
directions, so that the greatest quantity of heat from one fire-place be
made to act at that point of the warming chest where there is least
heat produced by the second fire-place, and inversely; by this means at
each part of the warming chest the greater heat from one firc-place
compensates the decrease of heat from the other fire-place. Such
increase or decrease of heat being in proportion to the distance of the
point from each of the fire-places, the effect of this arrangement being
that the amount of heat emitted throughout the length of the two
heating pipes will be essentially the same at all points.
When desired the air for the combustion of the gas, oil, or other fuel
in the fire-place or places may be conveyed thereto by suitable pipes
from the inside of the carriage or place to be heated, and in that case
the apertures, herein-before described, in the casing of the fire-place
becomes unnecessary.
0
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Brookes in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 23rd October 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
BROOKES, of 62, Chancery Lane, London, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent and Registration Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
5 Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of April, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the
thirty-seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said William Brookes, Her special
license that I; the said William Brookes, my executors, administrators,
0 and assigns, or such others as I, the said William Brookes, my exe-
cutors, administators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others; from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should-and lawfully might make, use, exercise,

page_text: "
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR WARMING RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES, AND
OTHER PLACES AND BUILDINGS,' a communication to me from abroad. by
Jean Jules Adolphe Chaumont, of Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium,
Civil Engineer, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
William Brookes, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in.
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Brookes, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement thereof, that is to say :—
This Invention, as communicated to me, relates to improvements in
means or apparatus for warming railway and other carriages, and
other places and buildings.
According to this Invention the heat to be utilized in the warming
apparatus is produced by one or more gas burners, or petroleum or other
lamps or stoves, in which suitable combustible material is caused to
burn. Each of the said gas burners, or lamps, or stoves is contained in
a metal box or casing perforated with one or more suitable apertures for
the admission of air necessary for the combustion of the gas or com-
bustible material used. The heat and products of combustion pass from
the fire-place or places into suitable pipes, herein-after called the heating
pipes, by which they are conveyed into and through a metal case or
chest, herein-after called the warming chest, let into the floor of the
carriage or other place to be heated, and are finally discharged into the
atmosphere.
.
When it is desired to warm the air for ventilation before its admission
into the carriage or place to be heated the said warming chest is divided
horizontally into two parts or compartments, through which the heating,
pipes are made to pass; the upper compartment may be quite closed
on all sides, the heat from the heating pipes being communicated to the

page_text: Figures 1 and 2 represent the Invention applied to a railway carriage;
Figure 1 is a side elevation of part of a railway carriage to which the
warming apparatus is applied; and Figure 2 is a transverse section of
the same through the line A, B, Figure 1. The samo letters of reference
refer to like parts wherever they occur in Figures 1 and 2.
In the arrangement represented there are two fire-places a, a, one on
each side of the carriage. Each of the said fire-places is provided with
a lamp a¹, but a gas burner or stove might be substituted for the said
lamp a¹; 6 are the heating pipes, through which the products of com-
bustion pass and are conducted across the carriage, being discharged at
the outlet c; d, d, are metal boxes or cases containing the fire-places a, a.
In each of the said boxes or casings d, d, are holes or apertures e for
admitting air for the ventilation of the carriage. The said boxes or
casings d, d, are connected with the metal warming chest f, g, which
warming chest is divided horizontally into two parts or compartments.
by a partition i, and is provided on each side with one or more ventilating
tubes h, which open under the seat of the carriage; j is the door of the
fire-place a; and k is the top plate of the warming chest, intended for
the feet of the passengers to rest upon and be warmed thereby.
The action of the apparatus is as follows:-The lamps a¹, a', having
been lighted the heat and products of combustion pass upwards into
and through the heating pipes b, as indicated by the arrows. In
passing through the said pipes the heat and products of combustion heat
the upper compartment of the warming chest f, g, and the air con-
tained in the lower compartment of the said warming chest and pass
out into the atmosphere by the outlet c. At the same time the air for
the ventilation of the carriage enters the box or casing & through the
apertures e, passes into the lower compartment of the warming chest,
where it absorbs the heat from the pipes and sides of the warming
chest and in a heated state passes through the pipes, to below the seats
of the carriage.
If desired the air necessary for the combustion of the oil, gas, or other
fuel in the fire-places a, a, may be drawn from the inside of the carriago
instead of entering the fire-place from the outside. This may be effected

page_text: ;
For the heating of tramway cars or carriages it is preferred that the
warming apparatus be provided with two fire-places, as shewn in Figures
1 and 2, one of the warming chests being placed in front of each of the
seats and the heating pipes arranged as in Figures 1 and 2 or opening.
into the warming chest at each end of the same.
E
When applied to the warming of rooms or buildings the warming
chest may be let into or placed under the floor, and the fire-places and
pipes connected therewith may be arranged and disposed substantially
as herein-before described in relation to the warming of carriages, and
if desired the gas burner or other heating means in the lower storeys may. 1
be utilized in warming the rooms above. By this means the heat from
sources hitherto wasted may be usefully employed.
Having now described the nature of this Invention, and means
pursued in carrying the same into effect, I wish it to be understood that
I do not limit myself to the precise details herein-before described.
and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings, as the same may be
varied without departing from the peculiar character of the Invention.
But I claim as the Invention,―
First. The arrangement, combination, and adaptation, of parts herein-
before, described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings for 2
warming railway and other carriages by means of one or more lamps, or
gas burners, or stoves, the heat and products of combustion from which
lamps, gas burners, or stoves, is caused to pass through pipes in a
warming chest extending acress the said carriage, which pipes com-
municate the heat to the said warming chest, and when desired to a 2
current of air for the ventilation of the carriage.
Secondly. The arrangement of parts herein-before described for equal-
izing the degree of heat throughout the length of the apparatus when
two fire-places are used, that is to say, by placing the said fire-places at
opposite ends of the warming chest and causing the heating pipes to a
traverso the said warming chest in opposite direction, substantially as
described.
Thirdly. The construction and arrangement of the warming chest.
herein-before described, by which the heat from the fire-place or places is
made to act in directly upon the top and sides of the said warming chest 3

page_text: through the medium of air, or a suitable liquid interposed between the
heating pipes and sides of the said warming chest.
Fourthly. The application of the warming apparatus herein-before
described to the warming of houses and buildings, substantially as
described.
Fifthly. The arrangement and combination of parts herein-before
described for drawing the air for the combustion of the fuel in the fire-
place or places from the inside of the carriage.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Brookes, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of October, in
the year of our Lord One thousand cight hundred and seventy-
four.
WILLIAM BROOKES. (L.S.)