IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MASTICATING, KNEADING, OR GRINDING INDIA-RUBBER, GUTTA-PERCHA, AND OTHER MATTERS
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Christopher Nickels, of York Road, Lambeth,
in the County of Surrey, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR MASTICATING, KNEADING, OR GRINDING INDIA-RUBBER,
GUTTA-PERCHA, AND OTHER MATTERS."
Sealed the 15th July 1858, and dated the 6th May 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Christopher Nickels
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 6th May 1853.
J. CHRISTOPHER NICKELS, of York Road, Lambeth, in the County of
Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MASTICATING, KNEADING, OR GRINDING
INDIA-RUBBER, GUTTA-PERCHA, AND OTHER MATTERS," to be as follows:-
Heretofore, when pairs of rollers with indentations, teeth, or grooved
surfaces have been used for such purposes, the teeth, projections,
grooves, and indentations are caused to work into each other. Now my

page_text: Invention consists of causing cylindrical or conical rollers, having
projections, teeth, indents, or grooves, to be arranged to work without
the teeth or projections, grooves, and indentations entering into each
other; and the forms of the projections, teeth, grooves, and indentations
may for this purpose be varied, and the rollers may work at a like or
different speed.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Christopher Nickels in the Great Seal Patent
Office, on the 5th November 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,.
CHRISTOPHER NICKELS, of York Road, Lambeth, in the County of
Surrey, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Sixth day of May, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the six-
teenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Christopher Nickels, Her special
licence that I, the said Christopher Nickels, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Christopher Nickels,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term, therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use,, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MASTICATING, KNEADING, OR GRINDING
INDIA-RUBBER, GUTTA-PERCHA, AND OTHER MATTERS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Christopher Nickels, by an instru-
ment in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and inme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that T, the said Christopher Nickels, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof (that is to say):
Heretofore, when pairs of rollers with indentations, teeth, or grooved
surfaces have been used for such purposes, the tecth, projections,
grooves, and indentations are caused to work into each other. Now
my Invention consists of causing cylindrical or conical rollers, having
projections, teeth, indents, or grooves, to be arranged to work without
the teeth or projections, grooves, and indentations entering into each
other; and the forms of the projections, teeth, grooves, and indentations
may for this purpose be varied, and the rollers may work at a like or
different speed.
Having thus stated the nature of my said Invention, I will proceed
to describe the manner of performing the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
The
Figure 1 shows a plan: Figure 2. an end view; and Figure 3, a
transverse section of a machine constructed according to my Invention.
In each of these figures the same letters are used to indicate similar
parts. a, a, is the framing, the nature of which is clearly shown in the
Drawings b, is a trough, within which the rollers c, c, work.
trough b, may, when desired, have a steam jacket, if the matters or
any of them which are being acted on require a greater heat than is
consequent on the process itself. In kneading or treating gutta-percha
1 have found it desirable to use a steam pipe to allow steam to flow
into the trough for a short time after the machine has been standing
for a time, but when the machine is continued in work the heat
resulting from the process is found sufficient for gutta-purcha and for
india-rubber, and for compounds or mixtures containing those matters.
The axes of the rollers c, c, turn in suitable bearings c, d, and the axes
of the two rollers &, are geared together by the cog-wheels d, d. The
rollers &c, may be of like or different diameters. and consequently
move at a like or different surface speed. I have generally used the two

page_text: rollers of like diameter, and it is not essential that the rollers should be
cylindrical, as they may be conical, in which case I prefer that the
sinaller end of one should come to and work with the larger end of
the other. The Drawing shows each of the rollers to be cut with
angular grooves or projecting parallel ribs, which correspon n regard
to the two rollers shown; but this is not necessary. as the projecting
teeth of one, and those of the other, may differ in form. And although
I use the form shown by reason of the simplicity of their structures, I
have found that the forin of the teeth or projections, and of the hollows,
may be varied infinitely, without appearing to produce a materially
different effect; and I believe that the next most simple form of rollers
with teeth or projections are parallel rings or rows of pyramidal teeth
on cylinders, such as would be produced by turning angular parallel
grooves around those shown in the Drawing.
The rollers work parallel and nearly up to cach other as is shown.
Motion is communicated to the rollers c, c, by a steam engine, or other
power applied to the axis c', of one of the rollers c. In order to
prevent the matters which are being operated on from passing over on
the sides of the trough, the guard rails e, e, are employed, which, when
necessary, can be fastened by the catches ff, over the sides of the
trough.
I would remark that these machines are suitable for masticating,
kneading, or grinding india-rubber, gutta-percha, or other matters
when in a plastic state, and where the matters require to be moved
through and through the machine by the action of the masticating or
kneading rollers till the desired extent of masticating, kneading, or
grinding is accomplished.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner
of performing the same, I would have it understood that I do not
confine myself to the details as shown and described, so long as the
peculiar character of my Invention be retained. But what I claim is,
the combination of apparatus herein described, whereby two rollers
with teeth or projections work at a distance from each other, as
described, and although they may have teeth and recesses which would.

page_text: if brought near enough to interlock and work as the teeth of wheels,
yet the peculiarity is in arranging the working that the teeth shall not
work between or into cach other.
In witness whereof, I, the said Christopher Nickels, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Fifth day of November, in the
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.
year
CHRISTOPHER NICKELS. (L.S.)
Witness, S. CARPMAEL.