Improvements in Apparatus for Evaporating, Heating, or Cooling Liquids.
Year: 1889

page_text: Improvements in Apparatus for Evaporating, Heating, or Cooling
Liquids.
We RICHARD CHARLES GARTON and CHARLES HENRY GARTON both of
Southampton Wharf, Battersea in the County of Surrey, Brewers, and WILLIAM
LAWRENCE of 22 St. Mary Axe, in the City of London, Brewer's Engineer do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:
This invention has reference to apparatus for evaporating, heating or cooling
liquids and the improved apparatus comprises an arrangement of one or more or
a set of tubes which are Huted, grooved or channelled either spirally, longi-
tudinally or laterally, or are spirally twisted, or are plain cylinders or truncated
cones having spiral metal pieces attached either inside or outside so as to give
the liquid traversing the surfaces whether internally or externally a greater
traverse than if passing over the walls of a plain cylinder or tube.
The liquid is exposed to the atmosphere while being evaporated or treated, that
is to say, the apparatus does not work under pressure or in vacuo.
When the liquid to be evaporated or treated flows externally the steam or
acting medium acts internally and the tube or tubes are closed at their ends and
are provided with suitable inlets and exists for the acting medium whether it be
plain steam, superheated steam, gases or liquids. The tops and bottoms of the
Tubes are also provided with feed supply vessels and receiving vessels respectively.
When the liquid to be dealt with flows internally, the ends of the tubes are
left open and a feed supply is provided to regulate the liquid flowing over the
conductive surfaces and a receptacle or receiving vessel is placed below. In this
case the tubes are jacketted and the steam or acting medium is admitted to the
jacket by a suitable supply and there is also a condensed water exit when
required. The ordinary pressure gauges and valves are also provided.
The tubes may be made of any suitable metal according to the purpose for
which they are required, or in some cases they may be glazed or enamelled metal
tubes or glass or earthenware tubes.
The apparatus is of special utility in the evaporation of already partly con-
centrated liquors in chemical and other manufactures when great rapidity of
concentration is desirable in the finishing process, particularly in the evapora-
ion of viscous substances and the crystallization of salts. It will also heat or
ool a liquid very rapidly.
The action of the apparatus is as follows:-
The steam or acting medium is admitted to one side of the tube and the liquid
be evaporated or treated to the reverse side.
alls of the conductive or acting surfaces in a film becomes concentrated or
The liquid flowing down the
eated or cooled, to the required degree. this being controlled by or dependent
pon the temperature of the acting medium employed.
Dated this 15th day of July 1980
J. C. MEWBURN,
55 & 56, Chancery Lane, London, Patent Avoní

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Evaporating, Heating, or Cooling
Liquids.
Wo, RICHARD CHARLES GARTON and CHARLES HENRY GARTON both of
Southampton Wharf, Battersea in the County of Surrey, Brewers and WILLIAM
LAWRENCE of 22 St. Mary Axe, in the City of London, Brewer's Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the follow-
ing statement; -
This invention has reference to apparatus for evaporating, heating or cooling
liquids, and the improved apparatus comprises an arrangement of one or more or
a set of cylindrical or truncated cone-shaped tubes, which are fluted, grooved or
spirally twisted so
channelled either spirally, longitudinally or laterally, or are
as to give the liquid traversing the surfaces whether internally or externally, a
plain cylinder or tube.
greater traverse than if passing over the walls of a
The liquid is caused to flow down the tubes in a film and is exposed to the
atmosphere while being evaporated or treated, that is to say the apparatus does
not work under pressure or in vacuo.
When the liquid to be evaporated or treated flows externally the steam or
acting medium acts internally, and the tube or tubes are closed at their ends and
are provided with suitable inlets and exits for the acting medium, whether it be
ordinary steam, superheated steam, gases or. liquids. The lops and bottoms of
.vessels
the tubes are also provided with teed supply vessels and receiving
respectively. When the liquid to be dealt with flows internally the ends of the
tubes are left open and a feed supply is provided to regulate the liquid flowing
over the conductive surfaces, and a receptacle or receiving vessel is placed below.
In this case the tubes are jacketted and the steam or acting medium is admitted
to the jacket by a suitable supply, and there is also a condensed water exit when
required. The ordinary pressure gauges and valves are also provided.
The tubes may be made of any suitable metal according to the purpose for
which they are required, or in some cases they may be glazed or enamelled metal
tubes or glass or earthenware tubes.
The apparatus is of special utility in the evaporation of already partly con-
centrated liquors in chemical and other manufactures when great rapidity of
concentration is desirable in the finishing process, particularly in the evaporation
of viscous substances and the crystallization of salts. It will also heat or cool
a liquid very rapidly.
The action of the apparatus is as follows:-the steam or acting medium is
admitted to one side of the tube and the liquid to be evaporated or treated to the
reverse side. The liquid flowing down the walls of the conductive or acting
surfaces in a film becomes concentrated or heated or cooled to the required degree
this being controlled by or dependent upon the temperature of the acting medium
employed.
Figure 1 represents in elevation partly sectional an apparatus constructed
according to our invention and comprising a single spirally twisted tube down
which the liquid to be treated flows externally a is the spirally twisted tube
which may be one of a set or series; the liquid to be treated is supplied by a
regulating cock b to a feed trough c from which it flows in a film through the
annular outlet d to the exterior of the tube; the liquid after flowing down the
tube is received in the vessel e and may be conveyed away intermittently o
continuously by the pipe f to be pumped back into the trough e or otherwise
The tube is closed at both ends except for the inlet pipe which supplies th
steam for heating the liquid or solution and the outlet pipe which carries of
the condensation water. The tube may be fitted at one or more intermediat
points of its length with truncated cones like the trough e to catch any liqui
that may spurt off the tube; these cones will have an annular outlet (like d) t
allow the liquid film to pass.

page_text: Figure 2 represents an apparatus constructed according to our invention when
he liquid to be treated is intended to flow down the interior of the tube or tubes.
'he tube a (which may be one of a set or series) is in this case left open at the
nds and has a steam jacket i. The liquid to be treated is supplied by the
egulating cock to the feed trough and gradually overflows the top of the
tube a so as to enter the same and How down its inner wall in a thin film until
reaches the vessel c at bottom. The steam is admitted to the jacket by the
ipe and the condensation water passes off at h.
"When desired a double effect can be attained by employing steam or heated
gases or direct fire to heat the tube a internally while the liquid flows externally
and by jacketting the tube with another twisted tube, down the outside of which
the liquid also flows, the vapor generated on the outside of the inner tube form-
ing the heating medium for the outer tube. This will be understood on reference
to Figure 3 in which a is the inner twisted tube, the regulating cock for the
liquid, the feed trough, d the annular outlet through which the liquid passes
in a film to the outside of the fube, e the receiving vessel, y the steam inlet,
the condensation water outlet, k the outer tube, a feed trough supplied by the
regulating cock m and having an annular outlet to allow the liquid to flow in
a film from this trough to the outside of the tube k, and pa receiving vessel
for the liquid that reaches the bottom of this tube.
The diameter and the particular kind of channelling or grooving of the tubes
can be varied as thought bost according to the purpose for which the apparatus
We have found that when
is required, and the special form of the apparatus.
the liquid is very viscous and liable to set up a bubbling action the spiral twists
are best made at an angle of about 45°, the indentations or channels being largest on
the outside surface of the tubes, like the grooves of a screw (see the cross section
Figure 1) and that when it is wished to retard the travel of the liquid a slower
twist or one less than an angle of 45° is preferable. The diameter of the tube
We have found
should be chosen according to the general considerations.
tubes of from one and a half to about five inches to answer well for outside
evaporation. The same observations are applicable as regards deciding upon
the most advantageous tubes for inside flow of the liquid, but in this case the
indentations or channels should be largest on the inside surface (see the cross
section Figure 2). If the tubes are to be heated internally by fire heat they
should be of considerably larger diameter.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is.
1. In apparatus for evaporating, heating or cooling liquids and not working
under pressure or in vacuo, an arrangement comprising one or more or a sei of
vertical or nearly vertical tubes which are fluted, grooved or channelled either
spirally, longitudinally or laterally, or are spirally twisted, and means whereby
the liquid to be treated is caused to flow in a film down the exterior of such
tube or tubes, while the steam or other acting medium is brought into contact
with the interior of the tube or tubes substantially as set forth.
2. In apparatus for evaporating, heating or cooling liquids and not working
under pressure or in vacuo, an arrangement comprising one or more or a sei of
vertical or nearly vertical tubes which are fluted, grooved or channelled either
spirally, longitudinally or laterally, or are spirally twisted, and means whereby
the liquid to be treated is caused to flow in a film down the inside of such tube
or tubes, while the steam or other acting medium is brought into contact with
the exterior of the tube or tubes substantially as set forth.
11
1800
J. C. MEW BURN.
55 & 56. Chancery Lane, London, Patent Agent.