IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING AND LOWERING WEIGHTS
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jonathan Pickering, of Stockton-on-Tees, in the
County of Durham, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR RAISING AND LOWERING WEIGHTS."
Sealed the 2nd March 1869, and dated the 5th September 1808..
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jonathan Pickering at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 5th September 1868.
I, JONATHAN PICKERING, of Stockton-on-Tees, in the County of
Durham, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING AND LOWERING WEIGHTS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in improvements in apparatus for raising and
lowering weights, which I construct in the following manner :-I use
two pulley wheels which I place together on a spindle or axis and
mount these into a frame; when I use the apparatus for hoisting I
make a hook to suspend it as a pulley block. These two pulley wheels

page_text: are made of unequal diameters; the small wheel works against a collar
on the spindle or axis; the perephery of the small wheel I make with
sunken chambers to receive the links of a chain; one end of this chain
I secure to a framework whilst the other passes over the pulley and
hangs down to raise weights. The two wheels are secured together when
used for raising weights, but when I use the apparatus for raising
and lowering I make the two wheels separate the one from the other
with grooved or bevelled faces, whereby the one is secured to the other
by friction. On the other side of the large or driving wheel I fix a
clutch which is made in the form of a wedge or incline plane on the
face; against this is another clutch fastened to the spindle or axis fitting
the face of the former-named wedge or incline plane, and to this clutch
I fix a ratchet wheel with a paul to cause the same to run one way only;
this ratchet wheel together with the clutch prevents the weight when
raised from slipping down. The large or driving wheel afore named
is made with sunken chambers to receive the links of an endless chain..
The motion is obtained by pulling one side of the endless chain, which
so secures the lifting wheel to the collar and grooved or bevelled faces
afore named that the clutch forces all secure each to one another and
so raises weights attached to the lifting chain. When it is required
to lower either the chain or weights the other side of the endless chain
is pulled, which loosens the clutch and the wheels, so allowing the lifting
wheel to run round as required.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Jonathan Pickering in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 3rd March 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JONATHAN
PICKERING, of Stockton-on-Tees, in the County of Durham, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of September, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the thirty-
second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Jonathan Pickering, Her special licence
that I, the said Jonathan Pickering, my executors, administrators, and

page_text: assigns, or such others as I, the said Jonathan Pickering, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR RAISING AND LOWERING WEIGHTS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Jonathan Pickering, my executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Jonathan Pickering, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
My Invention consists in improvements in apparatus for raising and
lowering weights, which I construct in the following manner :-I use
two pulley wheels which I place together on a spindle or axis and
mount these into a frame; when I use the apparatus for hoisting I make
a hook to suspend it as a pulley block. These two pulley wheels aro
made of unequal diameters; the periphery of the small wheel I make
with sunken chambers to receive the links of a single chain which
hangs down to raise weights. The two wheels are secured together when
used for raising and lowering weights, but when I use the apparatus for
raising and sustaining I make the two wheels separate the one from
the other with grooved or bevelled faces, whereby the one is secured to
the other by friction. On the other side of the large or driving wheel I
fix a clutch which is made in the form of a wedge or incline plane on
the face; against this is another clutch fastened to the spindle or axis
fitting the face of the former-named wedge or incline plane, and to
this clutch I fix a ratchet wheel with a pall to cause the same to run
one way only; this ratchet wheel together with the clutch prevents the
weight when raised from slipping down. The large driving wheel aforo
named is made with sunken chambers to receive the links of an endless

page_text: chain. In place of the two wedges or incline planes for sustaining the
load, which in practice I found to be unsafe and attended with danger,
I have therefore used the ratchet wheel and pall, making the ratchet
wheels right and left hand with a pall to cach, which I will more fully
describe and illustrate.
Having explained the nature of my Invention I will proceed to
describe the manner in which the same is to be performed, and for that
purpose shall refer to the several Figures on the annexed Sheet of
Drawings, the same letters of reference indicating corresponding parts
in all the Figures.
Figure 1 represents an elevation of a pulley block or sack hoist con-
structed according to my Invention. A is a small wheel with sunken
chambers in the perephery to receive the links of a single chain I; B is
a large wheel round which is passed an endless chain C; both wheels
These two
are fixed together and run upon the spindle or axis D.
wheels are mounted in a frame E, a hook F is placed at the top by a
bolt G to suspend by for raising and lowering weights.
Figure 2 is a transverse elevation of the same with part of frame
removed.
Figure 3 represents a similar arrangement with two ratchet wheels
a', a, the one right hand, the other left; these have each a pall which
is used for sustaining the load. I have preferred a double ratchet to the
fractional bevelled faces, wedges, or incline planes as herein-before
named thereby giving greater security for retaining the load. The appa-
ratus may be used for raising on either side of the lifting chain wheel A
in the most rapid succession.
Figure 4 represents a plan. H, H', are the palls which are made to
swing on a bolt through the frame; the ends of a cord K is tied to each,
so that by pulling the loop of the cord one of the palls is retained in
the ratchet whilst the other drops down of its own weight, hence in
lifting with either end of the chain I, then pulling the cord, the right
or left hand ratchet and pall will sustain the load.
Figure 5 represents the wheels apart through which a similar action
is obtained. It will therefore be obvious that in proportion to the
greatest difference in diameter of each of the wheels employed will be
the leverage and power gained.

page_text: What I claim as novel and original in my Invention is a simple hoist,
as described in my Specification, which can be used in places where
barrel, drum, and pulleys could not be fixed or hung so readily.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner
in which the same is to be performed, I would have it to be understood
that I claim no one part separately, but what I claim is herein all
combined and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Jonathan Pickering have hero-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of February,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-
nine.
JONATHAN PICKERING. (L.S.)