IMPROVEMENTS IN MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to David Joy, of Barrow-in-Furness, in the County of
Lancaster, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said David Joy at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th December 1876.
DAVID JOY, of Barrow-in-Furness, in the County of Lancaster.
IN MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES."
"IMPROVEMENTS
This Invention relates to improvements in motive-power engines, and more
particularly to those for which Letters Patent were granted to me, dated October 8th,
1856, No. 2358, and April 3rd, 1857, No. 929.
The improvements refer, first, to such engines as have a reciprocating motion only,
as described in my first-mentioned Patent, and consists in making and arranging the
valves of the engines in such manner that by turning it or part of it partly round, or
moving forward the whole or a part of it, ports are opened admitting the motive fluid
or liquid on one or other end of it, and so it is placed in a position to be moved in the
proper direction by the pressure of such fluid or liquid actuating the engine. If
such fluid fails to accomplish the action, the continued movement of the piston and
rod will effect it. Or when I wish to produce rotary motion I use two cylinders or
more, and for non-expansive fluids I work the cranks in the cylinder ends, each
crank revolving within the end of its respective cylinder which is separated from
the next one, and so can receive the motive fluid on the crank side for the return
stroke.
Secondly. My improvements refer to engines as described in my Patent of
April 3rd, 1857, in which high-pressure steam, gas, or fluid is passed from cylinder
to cylinder for expansion by the pistons of such cylinders passing over ports in their
own cylinders. In these engines I introduce a valve in the piston or cylinder
which remains open after the piston in its return stroke has covered the ports in
the cylinders, and thus I avoid back pressure during the return stroke. To reverse
such engines I either use a two-way cock in the aforesaid port, or I use two ports,
and open and close either port as I want forward or backward motion. In this
class of engine it is desirable when using steam only on one side of the piston to
་

page_text: close in the other side together with the connecting rods and cranks. I introduce
in the case or covering one or more apertures covered with glass or other transparent
substance, and also add an additional cover of metal to be used in case of the fracture
of the glass, so that the parts may be open to inspection.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said David Joy in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 2nd June 1877.
DAVID JOY, of Barrow-in-Furness, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES,"
This Invention relates to improvements in motive-power engines, and more
particularly to those for which Letters Patent have been granted to me.
These refer, first, to such as have a reciprocating motion only, as described in the
Specification of Letters Patent, dated October Eighth, One thousand eight hundred
and fifty-six, No. 2358, and consists in making and arranging the valve of the
engine in such manner that by turning it or a part of it partly round or moving
forward the whole or a part of it, ports are opened admitting the motive fluid or
liquid on one or other end of it, and so it is placed in a position to be moved in the
proper direction by the pressure of such fluid or liquid actuating the engine. If
such fluid fails to accomplish the action the continued movement of the piston and
rod will effect it. Or when I wish to produce rotary motion I use two cylinders or
more, and for non-expansive fluids I work the cranks in the cylinder ends, each
crank revolving within the end of its respective cylinders, which is separated from
the next one, and so can receive the motive fluid on the crank side for the return
stroke.
To
Secondly. My improvements refer to engines as described in the Specification of
Letters Patent, dated April Third, One thousand eight hundred fifty-seven, No. 929,
granted to me, in which engines high-pressure steam, gas, or fluid is passed from
cylinder to cylinder for expansion by the pistons of such cylinders passing over
ports in their own cylinders. In these engines I introduce a valve in the piston or
cylinder which remains open after the piston on its return stroke has covered the
ports in the cylinder, and thus I avoid back pressure during the return stroke.
reverse such engines I either use a two-way cock in the aforesaid ports, or I use
two ports and open and close either port, according to whether I require forward or
backward motion. In this class of engines it is desirable when using steam only on
one side of the piston to close in the other side, together with the connecting rods
and cranks. I introduce in the case or covering one or more apertures covered
with glass or other transparent substance, and also add an additional cover of metal
to be used in case of the fracture of the glass, so that the parts may be open to
inspection.
My improvements will be clearly understood by reference to the Figures on the
accompanying three Sheets of Drawings.
Figures 1 and 2, Sheet 1, represent a reciprocating engine suitable for actuating
the bellows of organs, driving pumps, and other similar applications of power. The
cylinder and piston are of usual form, but the valve a is cylindrical and is moved
by being turned partially round by its spindle b on which are fixed cross arms c
which are actuated by other inclined vertical arms d attached to the cross head of
the engine, which as it reciprocates by the action of these two sets of arms, turns
the valve partially round. In the middle part of the valve are small ports e, e¹,
passing respectively to the upper and lower ends of the cylinder in which the valve
moves, and by turning the valve partially round these ports are made to correspond
alternately with the inlet ports in the valve chest at for an outlet port into the
exhaust at g, so admitting and exhausting the actuating fluid to the alternate ends
of the valve and so giving it its motion; but should this fail to move the valve from

page_text: any cause, then, the piston and cross head continuing their motion in the same
direction, the cross head comes in contact with one or other of the tappet arms c,
and thus compels the valve to move.
In Figures 3 and 4, Sheet 1, I show an engine suited for rotatory action. In
this engine the pistons h, h³, are similar to those used in single-acting engines, but
to gain the advantage of the double action, I close up the cranks i, i, separating.
them by the partition j, so making these spaces serve as the opposite ends of the.
cylinders at K, K¹; and I introduce the actuating fluid (which, if non-elastic, suffers
no loss) into either end of the cylinders by a valve which may be moved in the
inward direction by the pressure of the actuating fluid, and in the other direction
by the movement of the connecting rod.
In Figures 5 and 6, Sheet 2, I show two views of an engine somewhat similar to
that described in my Patent, No. 929, of the year 1857, but with my recent.
improvements introduced. In this engine the steain is admitted to the first high-
pressure cylinder m by a valve n of any usual form. After causing the piston of
this cylinder to perform a part of its stroke the steam is passed forward to the
second cylinder o, and so forward to the third cylinder P, undergoing expansion
during the progress; here it will be seen that the pistons m¹, o¹, p¹, successively
pass the steam forward by passing over and uncovering ports m², o³, p², in the side
of their respective cylinders, and to prevent the pistons on the return stroke, after
reclosing such ports, cushioning up the rest of the steam left in the cylinder, I
introduce small relief valves m³, o³, p³, in the pistons, opening ports through them
into the ports in the sides of the cylinders, so giving relief to the otherwise shut up
steam, and this valve I either actuate by the movement of the connecting rod, as
at o³, in Figure 5, or by a small eccentric in the crank pin, as shewn at p and q
Figure 6. Or the relief valve may be in the cylinder or port of the cylinder, as
ata, Figure 8, and actuated by an eccentric on the crank shaft, or in either case
I may actuate the valve in one direction by the excess of pressure on the top of the
piston, closing it as the steam enters on the top, and by an excess of area on the
bottom of the valve reversing it when the steam is let into the side port, see
Figure 12, Sheet 3.
In Figure 7, Sheet 2, I show an engine with the same improvements applied, but
with four cylinders r, s, t, and u, arranged round a common centre; and this engine
may be reversed by making the two high-pressure cylinders and t (which are
served with steam in the usual way) deliver their steam for expansion to either of
the two low-pressure or expansion cylinders s or u, at will by supplying them each
with a port on each side 1 and 2, and t¹ and leading to each low-pressure
cylinder respectively; these ports can be closed alternately by the cocks 3, 7, and
13, t, as may be required for forward or backward motion. The engine is shown
running in the direction of the arrow, and the ports r¹ and are open, but on
closing these and opening and the direction of the motion of the engine will be
reversed, the relief valves also 3, &c., will have to be doubled, as shown, the same
as the ports, except in cases where a condenser being used, it may not be necessary
to employ the relief valve at all in the second or expansive cylinders s, as previously
to its piston passing over and covering the port s on the return stroke, a vacuum
will have been formed in that cylinder, and no serious back pressure will result
from the return stroke; the left side of the engine is shewn thus:-In Figures 5
and 6 are shewn openings z, z, in the lower part of the frame work of the engine;
these are filled in with transparent medium to enable the attendant to inspect the
working of the machinery; the openings may be of any shape and are applicable to
any form of the engine; they are also protected by supplemental frame to close
them entirely in the event of the transparent medium at any time failing; their
openings may also be used for getting at the enclosed machinery for repair or
tightening up as well as for inspection.
In Figure 8, Sheet 3, I show the same improvements applied when only two
cylinders are used placed side by side, and in Figure 9 on the same Sheet two
cylinders are shewn placed opposite to each other; also in Figures 10 of same Sheet

page_text: I show three cylinders ranged round a common centre; in this case I show no
arrangement for reversing, but I show an arrangement for starting the engine at
any part of its stroke by adding a small three-way valve v, shewn in Figures 10.
and 11, Sheet 3, supplied with steam, and connected by suitable pipes to the outer'
end of each cylinder; this valve is rotated by geared wheels and a clutch, timed to
throw it in always at the right point with the crank, and it is thrown out of gear
after the engine is started.
Having now set forth the nature of my said Invention of improvements in
motive-power engines, and explained the manner of carrying the same into effect,
I wish it to be understood that I claim the partial rotating of the valve in reci-
procating engines to give it its motion; and in case of failure the forced action by
the cross head, as fully described and shewn in Figures 1 and 2, and the separating
the crank spaces, as in Figures 3 and 4, and employment of the relief valves in the
pistons or ports of engines, as also described and shown in Figures 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9,
and the general arrangement of such engines, and furnishing them with means of
inspection internally as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said David Joy, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Thirtieth day of May, One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
Witness to the signature
of David Joy,
WILLIAM J. CORDNER,
9, Devonshire Buildings,
Barrow-in-Furness.
DAVID JOY. (L.S.)