Improvements in or relating to the Permanent Way of Railways and Tramways.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 15th July, 1889
Complete Specification Left, 13th May, 1890-Accepted, 14th June. 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to the Permanent Way of Railways
and Tramways.
We, THOMAS ADDISON, of 108 Oxford Street, Bilston in the County of Stafford
roll turner, and JAMES MATTHIAS LLOYD, of 43 Wellington Road, Bilston, aforesaid,
mill manager, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improved means or appliances for fixing the rails of rail-
ways and tramways to iron and steel sleepers; and has for its object more especially
the employment of simple devices, for such purpose, of a character which permits of
their being sawn off complete, without need for subsequent fitting or preparation, from
lengths of bar rolled to easily produced sections, and which may be readily fixed in
place within suitable holes in the sleepers without the use of bolts or rivets and without
disturbance of the sleepers or ballast, and bo also readily removed and replaced without
such disturbance.
For the purpose of this invention rolled sections of sleeper are employed of the
usual character, and holes are formed therein for the reception of the clips hereinafter
described.
According to a simple modification of this invention for use with a T or flat-bottom
rail, a pair of clips is used for each rail connection with a sleeper, the clips being of
course on opposite sides of the rail. Each clip is formed in section with a part which
passes through a rectangular hole formed therefor through the sleeper and with a part
formed thereon which turns inwards and bears underneath the sleeper, and also with
an outward projection which bears on the top of the sleeper. One of these clips is
formed to bear along its inner side against and upon the flange of the rail, and the
other clip is formed along its inner side to receive the outer side of a taper metal key
which is formed along its inner side to bear against and upon the flange of the rail.
The clips are sawn off from a bar of the required section, and the keys inay be rolled
end to end in bars, in a manner well understood in rolling articles of such shape.
The clips are placed in position by simply inserting them through the holes formed
therefor in the sleeper, and the rail pushed up into place under the one clip, and the
key driven in between the other clip and the rail. The parts are thus firmly held
together, as the rail holds the one clip in place, and the key firmly holds both the rail
and the other clip, and locks the parts together. The inward projections at the bottom
of the clips prevent them from rising, and the outward projections which bear on the
top of the sleeper prevent them from tilting back. The outer ends of the holes in the
sleeper are in such position as to receive the outward thrust of the clips and prevent
them from giving outwards, and no filling-in pieces are required between the clips and
the outer ends of the holes in the sleepers.
The modification above described may be used also for joining together the ends of
wo rails by carrying up the clip which is not the one with which the key is used so
hat it acts also as a fish-plate, and bolting such clip, through the webs of the rails,
o a fish-plate on the other side.
A modification suitable for employment with a bull or double-headed rail consists
u fixing a chair carrying such rail by means of clips and a key of the character
escribed in the first modification. In this case lugs on the bottom of the chair may
nter holes formed therefor in the sleeper, as additional security against endway
hovement of the chair.
A further modification of this invention, for employment with a bull or double-
eaded rail, consists in forming clips of the character above described as the cheeks of
chair, the rail being fixed in the chair thus formed, in the usual manner, by a wooden
By or otherwise.
I

page_text: The modification last described may be used also for joining together the ends of
two rails, by employing a metal key having slotted holes therethrough through which,
and through the cheeks of the chair and webs of the rails, fish bolts may be passed
For convenience of forming slotted holes therethrough the key may be of malleable
cast iron.
T
1
100
1
T
i
STEPHEN WATKINS,
Wolverhampton, Agent for the Applicants.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to the Permanent Way of Railways
and Tramways.
We, TноMAS ADDISON, of 108 Oxford Street, Bilston in the County of Stafford,
roll turner, and JAMES MATTHIAS LLOYD, of 43 Wellington Road, Bilston, aforesaid,
mill
manager, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
This invention relates to improved means or appliances for fixing the rails of
railways and tramways to metal sleepers; and has for its object more especially the
employment of simple devices, for such purpose, of a character which permits of
their being sawn off complete, without need for subsequent fitting or preparation,
from lengths of bar rolled to easily produced sections, and which may be readily fixed
in place within suitable holes in the sleepers without the use of bolts or rivets and
without disturbance of the sleepers or ballast, and he also readily removed and replaced
.without such disturbance.
For the purpose of this invention rolled sections of sleeper may be employed of
the usual character, and holes are formed therein for the reception of the clips herein-
after described
A simple modification of this invention, for use with a T or flat-bottom rail, is shewn.
by figure 1, in vertical section, and by figure 2, in sectional plan taken on line xx of
figure. One rail connection only with a sleeper is shewn by these views, and the
rolled metal sleeper A is shewn broken off in length, for convenience of illustration. The
rail Bis shewn to be held down on one side by a clip C which is formed with a portion a
which bears upon the flange of the rail, with a rectangular portion 6 which passes
through a correspondingly-shaped opening formed therefor in the sleeper, with an
outward projection c which bears on the upper surface of the sleeper, and with an,
inward projection d which bears against the underside of that portion of the sleeper
upon which the flange of the rail immediately rests so that the Hange of the rail and
the portion of the sleeper upon which it immediately rests are clipped or nipped,
firmly between the portions a and d of the clip. The rail is held on the other side
by means of a clip D and taper metal key E. The clip D corresponds to the
clip C, except that in lieu of a portion a to bear upon the rail flange it has a
portion a formed with an overhanging inner face to fit against the outer side of the
key and the key is driven in between such face and against and over the rail
flange. The clips are placed in position by simply inserting them through the
holes formed therefor in the sleeper, and the rail is pushed up into place under:
the clip C, and the key E is then driven in between the clip D and the rail.
The parts are thus firmly held together, as the rail holds the one clip in place,
and the key firmly holds both the rail and the other clip and locks the parts
together. The inward projections at the bottoms of the clips prevent them from
rising, and the outward projections which bear on the top of the sleeper prevent
them from tilting back. The portions of the clips which pass through the sleeper
bear against the outer ends of the holes through the sleeper which thus receive
the outward thrust of the clips and prevent them from giving outwards, and no
filling-in pieces are required between the clips and the outer ends of snch holes.
The boles through the sleeper for receiving the clips are formed to the size of the

page_text: portions 6 of the clips which pass therethrough, the outer lower corners of such
portions being struck to curves, as shewn, to admit of the clips being readily put
in place and removed. The method of putting a clip in place in the sleeper is
shewn by figure 1°. The clips are sawn off from a bar rolled to the required
section, and the keys may be rolled end-to-end in bars in a manner well under-
stood in rolling articles of such shape.
Fish
A method of adapting the modification above described for the purpose also, of
a rail joint is shewn by figures 3 and 4, which correspond, respectively, to figures 1
and 2. In this case the clip C is carried up to form also a fish-plate e.
bolts pass through such fish-plate, through the webs of the rails, and through an
ordinary fish-plate y.
A modification, suitable for employment with a bull or double-headed rail, is
shewn in vertical section by figure 5 and in plan by figure 6. The rail B₁ is
carried in a chair F which is held to the sleeper A by means of clips Cand. D
and a taper metal key E, the clip C being in this case correspondingſy-shaped to
the clip D and the inner face of the key E being inclined so as to form with the
inner fuce of the clip Ca dovetail within which the correspondingly-shaped foot
of the chair is held. The rail may be fixed within the chair by means of a wood
or other key G in the usual manner of fixing rails within chairs. For additional
security against end way movement of the chair, a lug h (shewn by broken lines
figure 6) on the bottom of the chair may enter a corresponding hole formed therefor
in the sleeper.
A further modification of this invention, for employment with a bull or double-
headed rail, is shewn by figures 7 and 8, which correspond, respectively, to figures 5
and 6.
In this modification the clips and D are formed to answer also as the
cheeks of a chair. The rail bears upon the top of the sleeper, and is held within
the chair formed by the clips by means of a wood or other key E in the usual
manner of fixing rails within chairs. It will be seen that the inwardly projecting
portion d of the clip D which passes under the sleeper and the outwardly projecting
portion which bears upon the top of the sleeper together securely bold the clip
against the pressure of the key which tends to force it outwards, and it is not
therefore necessary to carry a portion of such clip underneath the rail as would
otherwise be the case.
2
The modification last described may be adapted also as a rail joint, as shewn by
figures 9 and 10, of which figure 9 corresponds to figure 7, and figure 10 is a sectional
plan taken on line y y of figure 9. In this case the key E is of metal, and fish bolts j
pass through both the cheeks and through the webs of the rail and the key. The
bolt holes through the key are slotted so that the position of the key may vary
somewhat without obstructing the thoroughfares for the bolts; and for convenience
in forming the holes the key may be of malleable cast iron.
In each modification above described it will be observed that each clip is formed
with a rectangular portion which passes through a correspondingly-shaped opening
formed therefor in the sleeper, with an outward projection which bears on the upper
surface of the sleeper, and with an inward projection which bears against the under-
side of that portion of the sleeper upon which the rail or chair immediately rests or
to which it is in close proximity, and that such inward projection tends to support
such portion of the sleeper against the pressure of the rail or chair thereon.
In all cases it is preferred to produce the clips by cutting them off transversely
from bars rolled to the required section. They inay, however, be made in cast iron if
desired.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. For the purpose of fixing to a metal sleeper a T or flat-bottomed railway or
tramway rail, or a railway or tramway chair, which beds or bears direct upon such
sleeper, the combination of a pair of clips. and a metal key, one clip for each side of

page_text: the rail or chair and each formed with a part to pass through an opening in the
sleeper and to hear against the end of such opening, with an inward projection to
pass under the sleeper, with an outward projection to bear on the top of the sleeper,
and one of such clips. being formed with a part to hear on the flange of the rail or
against an inclined end of the chair, and the other clip being formed with an over-
hanging face to bear against the outside of the key, said key being formed to be
driven in between such overhanging face and the side and top of the rail flange, or
between such overhanging face and an inclined end of the chair, substantially as
.described and shewn.
2. For the purpose of fixing to a metal sleeper a T or flat-bottomed railway or
tramway rail, or a railway or tramway chair, which beds or bears direct upon such
sleeper, the combination of a pair of clips sawn off from a rolled metal bar and a
metal key, one clip for each side of the rail or chair and each formed with a part to
pass through an opening in the sleeper and to bear against the end of such opening,
with an inward projection to pass under the sleeper, with an outward projection to
bear on the top of the sleeper, and one of such clips being formed with a part to
bear on the flange of the rail, or against an inclined end of the chair, and the other
clip being formed with an overhanging face to bear against the outside of the key;
said key being formed to be driven in between such overhanging face and the side
and top of the rail flange, or between such overhanging face and an inclined end of
the chair, substantially as described and shewn.
3. A railway or tramway chair in two separate parts each of which is formed with
a part to pass through an opening in a metal sleeper, with an inward projection to
pass under the sleeper, with an outward projection to bear on the top of the sleeper,
and one of such separate parts being formed at its inner face to fit up against the
rail, and the other being formed at its inner face to receive a wood or other key
between itself and the rail, substantially as described and shewn.
4. A railway or tramway chair in two separate parts sawn off from a rolled metal
bar, each of which is formed with a part to pass through an opening in a metal
sleeper with an, inward projection to pass under the sleeper, with an outward
projection to bear on the top of the sleeper, and one of such separate parts being
formed at its inner face to fit up against the rail, and the other being formed at its
inner face to receive a wood or other key between itself and the rail, substantially as
described and shewn.
5. The clip D formed to the shape shewn in section by figure 7, for the purpose set
forth.
6. The means, substantially as described with reference to figures 1 and 2, for fixing
flat-bottomed railway or tramway rails to metal sleepers.
7. The meanis, substantially as described with reference to figures 3 and 4, for
fixing flat-bottomed railway or tramway rails to metal sleepers and securing together
the ends of two such rails.
'
8. The means, substantially as described with reference to figures 5 and 6, for
fixing railway or tramway chairs to metal sleepers.
9. The means, substantially as described with reference to figures 7 and 8, for fixing
bull or double-headed railway or trainway rails to metal sleepers.
10. The means, substantially as described with reference to figures 9 and 10, for
fixing bull or double-headed railway or tramway rails to metal sleepers and securing
together the ends of two such rails.
11. The clips C and D and key E, formed to the shapes shewn respectively by the
different sets of views on the drawings herewith, and employed in combination with
one,another in the manner and for the purpose respectively set forth.
•OCOT Pro
ay of
D171 SIIM nQ1
STEPHEN WATKINS, :
Wolverhampton, Agent for the Applicants;