An Improved System of Distribution for Polyphase Alternating..
Year: 1893

page_text: Complete Specification Left, 25th Jan, 1893-Accepted, 4th Mar., 1893
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improved System of Distribution for Polyphase Alternating.
Currents.
I, CHARLES SCHENCK BRADLEY, residing at Avon, in the County of Livingston
and State of New York, United States of America, do hereby declare the nature.
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The object of this invention is to provide a system of wiring in a polyphase
alternating current circuit so that in a local distributing plant, as a house, factory
or shop, an economical use of wire may be made and motors or lamps may be.
supplied by the system. In systems of wiring as ordinarily designed for use in
polyphase systems the lamp circuits and motor circuits are entirely distinct, but
two of the mains being carried to a reduction transformer for lighting service, and
a separate polyphase transformer being used for motor work. In such cases if it
were desired to operate a motor in a building wired for lighting, the third wire not
being present, a rotary current motor could not be used.
My invention permits of the use of a single transformer for both kinds of supply,
the polyphase high tension currents being converted into polyphase currents of lower
tension and the several leads being permutated in a plurality of lamp circuits and
so arranged that the several wires of the polyphase system will lie within close or
accessible range of each other so that they may be conveniently connected with the
terminals of a polyphase motor.
My invention also admits of the present form of lamp sockets being used and of
the supply of current to the polyphase motor therefrom.
+
The several features of novelty will be more fully hereinafter described and
definitely indicated in the claims appended to this Specification.
In the accompanying drawings which illustrate the invention,
Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view showing the two plans of distribution above
referred to;
Fig. 2 is a detail view showing how under my plan of wiring a polyphase motor
may be supplied from a lamp system;
Fig. 3 shows a simple arrangement of ordinary plugs for lamp sockets for use in
tapping the lamp circuits and supplying a polyphase motor.
In the drawings a three wire or triphase alternating system is illustrated 1, 2
and 3 representing the several wires of such a system. It will however be under-
stood that a polyphase system of any other order might be arranged upon the
same principle. The reduction in tension by a transformer might as illustrated in
Fig. 1 be made in the house, shop or factory to be lighted or the transformer might
be arranged to supply a number of buildings in a manner well understood by
electricians.
Referring first to the portion of Fig. 1 indicated by the letter A, but two of the
supply wires feed into the lamp circuits, or if more than two of the wires are used
the several circuits are led to distinct portions of the building or distributing plant..
It is possible however to arrange with wires so that but little more copper will
:

page_text: be required and yet at any point within the plan or building all of the wires of the
polyphase system will be within easy access for motor connections. Such a system
is diagrammatically illustrated at B in Fig. 1. As shown herein a local transformer
is used for the system, as indicated at T. The several wires of the polyphase
system are led from this transformer and permutated among the several lamp
circuits of the plant a pair of wires being used for each lamp circuit. In the
system illustrated which is a triphase system any lamp circuit will render accessible
at any point within that circuit two of the triphase wires. If therefore another
lamp circuit one of the leads of which is the third wire of the polyphase system be
brought within range of the first circuit at definite points, the three wires will be
accessible for making connections with and supplying a triphase motor or motors.
It is only necessary therefore to arrange the lamp leads so that in any desired part
of the building where use for motors may be found the three wires will be accessible.
For example, the several lamps in the room or section of the building B marked C
are connected in two circuits supplied by the three wires of the triphase system.
A rotary current motor D therefore may be operated in this section by making
three points of connection with the lamp circuits as indicated establishing con-
nections with the wires 1, 2, 3 of the triphase system. The circuits are preferably
so led that two or more lamp brackets in the same room will have connection with
the several wires of the polyphase system. For example, as shown in Fig. 2, the
bracket E would connect with two of the wires and the bracket F would include
the third wire, so that if two sockets connected to plugs such as indicated in Fig. 3
were connected with the lamp sockets mounted on the brackets E, F, the
wires 1, 2, 3, would be supplied with three currents differing in phase 120° and a
rotary current motor might be connected directly therewith. It is not of course
absolutely necessary that the several brackets necessary to supply the motor should
be in the same room. Such an example is shown simply for purpose of illustration.
It is only necessary that the three triphase wires shall lie within convenient range
of each other. Where a three wire direct current system is already installed the
adoption of my invention becomes a matter of great simplicity, it being only
necessary to make the necessary connections at the transformer so as to deliver on
the three leads the three alternating currents and to connect the plugs through
which the motors are to be supplied with two lamp sockets connecting with the
three leads. A simple test to insure a proper connection between the plugs and
sockets so that the wires 1, 2, 3, leading from the plugs will deliver currents
differing in phase one hundred and twenty degrees is by connecting an incandescent
lamp across the four socket terminals successively. The pair which fails to render
the lamp incandescent are of the same potential and are to be connected together
as indicated at 2 in Fig. 3. The lamp placed between any of the other terminals,
as 1 and 2, 2 and 3, or 1 and 3, will glow. In some cases a three point socket
might be permanently fixed at any point desired so that a co-operating plug
provided with three contact points could be used for establishing the motor con-
nection. In either case the grouping of the lamp leads permits a motor circuit to
be directly established at any point of the plant without running such circuit
through the entire building from the transformer. It will of course be understood
that other translating devices than motors might be used in cases where such
devices require polyphase currents for their most successful operation.
"
By "polyphase motors" herein referred to is meant motors operating by
differential phase alternating currents, and by "polyphase system a system
utilizing two or more alternating currents of differential phase, the term
polyphase" being often used in the art to signify generically a differential phase
system of any order.
66
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :
t
1
1. A system of local distribution for polyphase alternating currents having the

page_text: several wires distributed in pairs among a number of lamp circnits, two or more
adjacent circuits including all wires of the polyphase system and motor circuits
connected with the wires of the several lamp circuits so as to include all of the
polyphase currents in the motor system.
2. The combination with a polyphase alternating current circuit of two or more
lamp circuits connected in pairs with all of the polyphase wires, the lamp leads
being distributed so that the several wires of the polyphase system will lie in near
relation to each other, whereby a polyphase motor may be readily supplied.
3. The combination with a triphase alternating current circuit of two or more
lamp circuits including the several wires of the polyphase system in pairs, the lamp
leads being distributed so that three wires differing in phase will be readily
accessible from a point or points, whereby triphase motors may be supplied by
the system.
4. The combination with a triphase alternating current circuits of two or more
lamp circuits including the several wires of the polyphase systems in pairs, the
lamp brackets or sockets being so distributed that the three third-phase wires will
be accessible from one or more points, and polyphase motors having their terminals
connected with the triphase circuits at two or more sockets as described.
5. The combination with a triphase alternating current circuit of two or more
lamp circuits including the several wires of the polyphase system in pairs, said lamp
circuits being so distributed that two embracing the three leads of the system will
lie in the same neighbourhood at points where motor service is wanted, and motor.
leads connected at said points with the three wires.
Dated this 24th day of Januar 1800.
H. D. FITZPATRICK,
70, Wellington Street, Glasgow, Agent.