Improvements in or relating to Machinery for Manufacturing Glass Bottles or the like.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 16th Aug., 1899
Complete Specification Left, 13th June, 1900-Accepted, 7th July, 1900
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Machinery for Manufacturing Glass
Bottles or the like.
I, LUDWIG GROTE, of 84B, East India Dock Road, l'oplar, London, E., Manager
of Works, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to machines for the manufacture of glass bottles or
the like. For the sake of example I will describe my invention as carried into
practice in a double machine.
Any suitable framework is supported in any suitable manner advantageously
on four or other suitable number of rollers such rollers or equivalent enabling
the machine to be easily moved from one glass oven to another
In this said frame is mounted an air reservoir (which may be provided with
a gauge) advantageously suspended from a cross head or plate in the upper
part of said frame and from this air reservoir a connection (controlled by any
suitable cock or valve adjacent to the air reservoir) leads through a T-piece
right and left into a hollow shaft or axis horizontally journalled or suitably
supported in the said frame work, and on or near each end of this hollow axis
is carried a disc or frame which I will term the rotary disc,' same being
adapted to revolve in a vertical plane and carrying thereon adjustable supports
for the neck mould and measuring mould etc. the lever for reciprocating the
"plunger" hereinafter described being also fulcrummed to said rotary disc
while the aforesaid hollow axis terminates in a box- connection to lead the
or
and
air supply to the plunger casing in which said plunger reciprocates-the admis-
sion of said air supply to said casing being controlled by a suitable valve and
the operation of measuring the charge of glass and manipulating same and
blowing and finishing the bottle being effected advantageously as described in
my Patents No. 14539 of 1898 and No. 18817 of 1898 or other suitable manner.
Now one of the principle objects and advantages of my present invention
consist in constructing and arranging the machine in suchwise that the operation
of turning each aforesaid rotary disc backwards and forwards through half a
circle will force a supply of air into the aforesaid air reservoir so that a suffi-
cient supply of air under suitable pressure is thus automatically produced and
maintained while working the machine-thereby obviating the necessity of pro-
viding a supply of air under pressure from any other source and consequently
enabling each machine to be moved about as for instance from one glass furnace
to another as well as giving many other advantages.
To carry out my present invention the back of each rotary disc may be fixed
to a sleeve which is journalled in the frame of the machine, and to a nose or
crank pin on the inner end of this sleeve (or other suitable part thereof) is
attached one end of a connecting rod (which end is bent or curved to the radius
of the sleeve or thereabouts) while the other end of said connecting rod operates
any suitable air pump for instance a piston rod (reciprocated in fixed guides)
of an ordinary air pump by which air will be pumped into the aforesaid air
077

page_text: reservoir. Or other suitable means may be employed to operate the pump.
This sleeve may fit in an air tight manner directly over its arm of the aforesaid
Tpiece in the air supply; or concentrically within this sleeve may be arranged
an externally screw threaded tube within the inner end of which latter is
located one arm of the aforesaid T piece upon or with respect to which the
said externally screw threaded tube is adapted to slide longitudinally and at
the same time kept air-tight by any suitable means such as a stuffing box or
gland or packing.
The said sleeve and said externally screw threaded tube therein are so arranged
that same will revolve together while the latter is free to slide endwise in the
former for instance by means of fixed studs on the sleeve engaging in longi-
tudinal grooves on the exterior of the said tube or a feather or spline or
equivalent..
On this externally screw threaded tube (which I will term the male screw)
a female screw is mounted and held in suchwise as to be free to be revolved but
prevented from endwise movement for instance I may use a hand wheel fixed
to or formed on a short sleeve internally screw threaded to fit the said male
screw the end of said short sleeve being provided with a flange or collar which
latter is held behind a detachable split ring or collar fixed to the inner end of
the rotary disc sleeve-so that by revolving said female screw by means of said
hand wheel thereby the male screw will be caused to move longitudinally along
inside said sleeve and upon its arm of the T piece; and thus the said male screw
can be adjusted endwise.
The air coming through said T piece is thus led through said male screw the
outer end of which latter may terminate in a box and thence the air may be
led by a curved tube to the air valve and mould-the position of which latter
can thus be adjusted towards or away from the outer face of said rotary disc.
Furthermore I may provide means for separately rotating each disc through
half a circle by a pedal or foot lever (or hand lever) the following being suitable
mechanism for this purpose:
On the exterior of each aforesaid rotary disc sleeve I fix a pinion or gear
wheel and I arrange a suitable rack (such as a curved rack pivoted eccentrically
with respect to said pinion) in gear therewith and adapted to be forced in one
direction by means of any suitable pedal or foot lever (or hand lever) to thereby
revolve said pinion and with it the rotary disc through half a circle while said
rack may be returned by means of a spring or weight or otherwise.
Suitable studs may be arranged on the back of said disc to come against a
fixed stop piece on the frame to prevent the disc being rotated too far.
The air supply is led as aforesaid to said plunger casing which latter and the
plunger therein is so arranged as to cut off said air supply when the plunger
is forced into the casing by the hand lever to which said plunger is connected
in an adjustable manner for instance by means of a pin or bolt in a slot in said
lever, and also said plunger is swivelled or connected to said lever in suchwise
as to be free to rotate axially while being reciprocated endwise said rotary
part of the plunger being if desired of two or more diameters while the point
or end which is projected beyond the casing into the mould to form the bottle
neck is advantageously square in cross section or may be round or other than
round in cross section such square pait passing (loosely) through a revolvable
sleeve adapted to revolve in or on the casing and internally of corresponding
form to the said square or other shaped end of the plunger but rather larger
so as to thereby permit air to pass into the mould in a ring or annular or other
current all round said plunger.
The said sleeve will be revolved by and with the plunger as the latter is
rotated and if desired the said sleeve may extend to or be arranged on the
exterior of the casing and adapted to have the moulds clasped thereon in which
latter case the mould or a part thereof would be revolved by and with the
revolution of the plunger.

page_text: The revolution of the plunger axially may be effected by forming a spiral
groove or deep screw thread in a part of the said plunger so that as said plunger
is forced endwise thereby the said groove or thread will ride against a fixed
stud engaging in said thread or groove and thereby rotate the plunger.
OPERATION.
The production of bottles is commenced by pressing down the pedal and holding
it down with the foot, the gatherer taking a certain quantity of glass from the
oven and introducing it into the measuring mould. Then the glass bottle maker
working at the machine releases the pedal so as to cause the measuring and
neck mould, provided on the rotary disc and hereinafter called the preliminary
mould, to turn by the aforesaid spring so that the measuring mould will be
below the neck mould.
Now the workman forces the lever with the plunger upwards and opens the
air regulating cock in order to admit the air to the lump of glass extending
downwards by its own weight and which is treated in the known manner. Next
the finishing mould and preliminary mould are connected with each other, and
the air regulating cock is opened as much as is needed for finishing the blowing
of the bottle.
During the blowing the plunger may be moved up and down several times
by means of the aforesaid lever in order to shape the interior of the neck opening
exactly cylindrical.
Next
Then the two moulds are opened and the finished bottle is taken out.
the pedal is moved down again causing the disc to turn once more and the
measuring mould to move upwards in order to receive the mass for the new
bottle.
Of course in case of changes in the sizes of the moulds use is made of other
measuring and neck moulds which are larger or smaller. To these moulds the
lower part of the plunger casing will have to be adapted, and it is therefore
made exchangeable as before stated.
From this it follows further that the entire air admission device as herein-
before described must be either moved nearer to or farther away from the rotary
disc by means of the hand wheel. This is of particular importance, because it
enables the moulds to be exchanged and a separate machine is thus not needed
for each different size type or kind of bottle.
TONGUE & BIRKBECK,
81, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.
Improvements in or relating to Machinery for Manufacturing Glass
Bottles or the like.
I, LUDWIG GROTE, of 84B, East India Dock Road, Poplar, London, E., Manager
of Works, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to machines for the manufacture of glass bottles or
1

page_text: operation of the machine; and the operative attending to the machine has
merely to exert a pressure with his foot upon a treadle whilst his hands remain
free for the manipulation of the moulds and the glass and furthermore the
formation of the opening through the neck of the bottle is effected by a comi-
bined rotary and advancing and receding motion imparted to a plunger or
core.
"
My present invention comprises a rotary disc carrying the neck mould and
measuring mould which I shall hereinafter refer to as the parison mould,"
means to reciprocally rotate said disc through half a circle and means to limit
said rotation, means operated by the rotation of said disc to produce a com-
pressed air supply, a reservoir (mounted upon the machine) to receive and hold
said compressed air supply, adjustable connections leading from such reservoir
to the bottle blowing mechanism, a core or plunger rotatable in its casing and
adapted to be projected through the neck mould into the molten glass to form
the aperture through the neck of the bottle and retracted therefrom and simul-
taneously rotated while advancing and receding, and means to impart endwise
motion to said plunger and to simultaneously rotate same; also in certain cases
means to impart rotation from said plunger to the neck mould in order to cause
the glass suspended from such neck mould to be rotated simultaneously with
the rotation of the plunger, and a rectangular or other suitable point on said
plunger; and also if desired I may use compound moulds that is moulds having
removable linings so that by changing these linings different shapes or sizes
of bottles may be made and other advantages obtained as hereinafter pointed
out.
On a rotary disc are hinged the mould for moulding the neck of the bottle
and the measuring or parison mould; the finishing or body mould (termed
also the blowing mould) being connected to the neck mould after the parison
mould has been opened.
The operation is advantageously similar to that described in my former
Patents Nos. 14539 of 1898 and 18817 of 1898 riz.:-
"
The disc, with the parison mould and the neck mould, is inverted: and molten
glass is poured into the open bottom end of the parison mould which is now
uppermost and clasped to the neck mould; and the mould thus formed may be
termed the preliminary mould and the mass of glass placed therein the "moulded
glass." Below the parison mould is the neck mouldl which serves for the
formation of the mouth and of a portion of the neck of the bottle. This neck
mould is closed below by means of the extremity of a plunger that occupies its
middle (ie. is centrally located therein) and of a casing surrounding the plunger.
The plunger is rotated while being driven into the plastic mass of glass, which
has become partly cool, and then withdrawn, so that a hollow or bore, forming
the passage through the neck of the bottle, is formed in the glass.
The parison mould and the neck mould together with the disc are then
caused to rotate through 180° when the parison mould is opened and removed
from the neck mould, so that the moulded glass remains freely hanging from
the neck mould which still surrounds the upper portion of what will be later
on the finished bottle. A small amount of air at a low pressure is then allowed
to enter the neck of the moulded glass whereupon the glass expands and at
the same time becomes longer by reason of its own weight. Whilst this is
taking place the lower end of the partly manufactured article is paddled or
worked by a paddle spoon plate or table (advantageously a hollow spoon-like
implement) which is pressed once or a greater number of times against the
bottom of the moulded glass. The finishing or blowing mould is then attached
to the neck mould so that it surrounds the now partly made bottle whereupon
the air is again caused to enter the latter but at a greater pressure, in such a
manner that the glass is completely blown out and assumes the inner shape of
the blowing mould and the blowing operation is now complete. The blowing
mould is then opened and the neck mould is also opened to such an extent as
"

page_text: to release the neck of the bottle, and finally the finished bottle is removed from
the blowing mould.
Only the neck and parison moulds are connected with the rotary disc, the blow-
ing mould being made separate and suspended from the neck mould.
In my
improved machine also it is provided that various parison or measuring moulds
may be fitted to the neck mould, such parison moulds consisting advantageously
of special mould sockets or casings with removable linings to fit therein and
thus produce parison moulds of different shapes or sizes etc.
The machine is also constructed in suchwise that both large and small bottles
may be manufactured thereon.
For the sake of example I have illustrated a double machine in the accom-
panying drawings in which:-
Fig. 1 is an elevation partly in section of a machine in accordance with my
invention.
Fig. 2 is a plan view partly in section.
Fig. 3 is an end elevation.
Fig. 4 is a partial sectional elevation taken upon the line -b of Fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is a partial sectional elevation taken upon the line -d of Fig. 1.
Figs. 6, 7 and 8 are longitudinal sections through the air regulating cocks
in their various operative positions which air regulating cock is shown in my
aforesaid prior patents.
Fig. 9 is a detailed sectional elevation showing the arrangement of the rota-
table plunger and its casing for the formation of the neck of the bottle and
supporting the neck and parison moulds.
Figs. 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 illustrate various finishing or blowing moulds
and their closing devices in sectional elevation, cross section and detail.
Figs. 15 and 16 represent the moulded glass before and after being worked
or "paddled with the spoon.
Figs. 17 and 18 show the measuring or parison mould together with its inter-
changeable insertion or linings in elevation in an open condition and in plan
in a closed condition respectively.
Figs. 19, 20 and 21 respectively show in sectional elevation, in cross section
upon ef, and in cross section upon g-i, the arrangement of the rotatable
plunger in connection with a finishing mould and a special neck mould, by
means of which device "turned" bottles may be produced.
Fig. 22 is a detail view of the axis of the rotary disc showing the air con-
ducting passages and adjusting device for displacing the air conduit horizontally.
Referring to the accompanying drawings:
Figs. 1 and 2 illustrate a double form of my novel glass blowing machine;
but of course it may be made as a single machine, that is to say without either
the right or the left hand half as illustrated.
Upon a platform 2, which is adapted to run upon wheels 1 are fixed the
standards 3 serving as supports for the shaft 4 which carries the rotary disc
or discs 5. With this object the shaft 4 is journalled or arranged in bearings 6
within the standards 3 in such a manner as to be capable of rotation.
. Beneath the disc or discs is provided a vertically adjustable table serving
for the reception of the finishing mould and of the finished bottle. This table 7
is carried by the slide brackets & adapted to slide vertically in the guide-ways 9
upon the front of the standards 3 and is raised or lowered by means of a screw 11
provided with a hand wheel 10, the thread of such screw engaging in a nut 12
which is rigidly fixed to the table: the screw rotates in the step bearing 13
upon the platform 2 and at its upper end 14 rotates in the vertical bearing
block 15 fixed to the frame. By this means it is possible to raise and lower
the work table 7 to any desired extent with respect to the rotary disc 5. The
platform 2 may be provided with set screws 16 to fix the machine to the floor
at any desired point.
Upon the rotary disc or dises 5 are arranged the devices which serve for the

page_text: formation of the neck of the bottle and the partly formed bottle that is to say
the neck and parison moulds and also the air supply conduits.
The rotary
disc 5 is provided with longitudinal slots 17 in which the arms 19 are adapted
to be adjustably fixed by means of nuts 18. The arms 19 are connected one with
the other by means of a hinge bolt 20 upon which the two halves 23, 24 of the
neck mould AA (Fig. 17) are suspended by means of arms 21 and 22 whilst
the two halves 27 28 of the casing is B for the parison moulds CC are suspended
by means of the arms 25 25 and 26 26 (Figs. 1 and 17). In addition to this
there is hinged at 29 upon the disc 5 a hand lever 30 serving for the endwise
reciprocation of the plunger D. This plunger 1) is guided in the casing E in
a manner which is hereinafter described; this casing terminates below in a
piece which is called the middle piece F and which is surrounded by the neck
mould A. With the casing E for the plunger D is connected the air supply
pipe G which is provided with the air regulating cock H for the purpose of
admitting air from the air conduits J and 54 into the casing E and from there
through the space between said casing and said plunger D to the neck mould
and into the moulded glass (see Figs. 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, and 22).
As hereinbefore described the parison mould casing B must be directed upwards
when filled so that the neck mould A lies below the parison mould BC (Fig. 1-
left). Whilst the moulded glass is being treated and blown it must depend
downwards from the neck mould A and for this purpose after the charge of
glass has been placed in the parison mould BC the disc 5 must be caused to
rotate through 180°. The rotation of the disc to this extent and its stopping
when this has been effected is or may be advantageously effected by means of
the depression of a treadle by the intermediary of the following parts.
Upon the hub 31 of the disc 5 is rigidly fixed a toothed wheel 32 with which
engages a curved rack 33. This rack 33 is pivoted at 34 to a bent lever 35
adapted to oscillate round a pivot 36. Upon this pivot is rotatably mounted
a connecting arm 37, which is pivoted to the other extremity of the rack 33
by means of a bolt 38. Upon the bolt 38 is also pivotally mounted a rod 39
which is provided at its lower extremity with the treadle 40. The lever 35 and
with it the curved rack 33 is caused to resume its initial position by means of
a spring 41 fixed to the bolt 34 (see Fig. 5) while the other end of said spring
is fixed to the standards 3, so that the treadle 40 is drawn upwards when it is
no longer held down by the operative.
The radius of the curve of the rack 33 is determined in such a manner that
owing to its being guided by the levers 35 and 37 this curved rack 33 remains
constantly in engagement with the toothed wheel 32. When the operative
acts upon the treadle 40 he draws downwards one end of the rack 33, causing
the levers 35 and 37 to rotate around the pivot 36, by means of the rod 39.
By this means the spring 41 is stretched. The rack 33 causes the toothed
wheel 32 to turn through 180°, the levers 35 and 37 causing the constant
engagement of the rack 33 with the gear wheel 32. When the treadle 40 is
released, the stretched spring 41 will draw the rack 33 back into its initial
position (see Figs. 1, 2 and 5) and thus return the disc 5 to its former position.
By these means the rotary disc, will be caused to rotate through 180° first in
one direction and then in another. In order to limit this movement exactly
to the required amount the following arrangement is provided:
Upon the rear side of the dise 5 is provided a pin 44 (Figs. 3 and 5) which
strikes against either one or other of two studs or stops 42 and 43 fixed upon
the standards 3 in any suitable positions diametrically opposite one to the other.
If the disc is caused to rotate by acting upon the treadle 40, such rotation can
only continue until the pin 44 strikes against the stop 42 of the frame 3, (as
shown by dotted lines in Fig. 5). When the spring 41 draws back the rack 33
and with it the disa 5, this rotation can only continue until the pin 44 upon
the disc strikes against the stop 43 (as shown in Fig. 5 in full lines). The
position of the stops 42 and 43 upon the frame is determined in such a manner

page_text: that upon being caused to rotate the disc 5 will describe exactly 180° (Figs 1.2
and 5).
In the glass blowing machine according to this invention the rotation of the
disc 5 above referred to is utilised for automatically producing the compressed
air required for the preliminary blowing and for finishing blowing the bottle
in the finishing mould.
One of the defects in glass blowing machines as hitherto constructed, has
been that the air necessary for their operation has usually been compressed
independently of the said machines thus rendering needful the employment of
a special source of power and the requisite transmission gear. Such trans-
mission gear and power are not, however, or are not always, found in glass
manufactories and their provision for the purpose of supplying compressed air
for glass blowing machines is expensive.
The fact therefore that in this machine the necessary quantity of compressed
air is automatically produced by the rotation of the disc 5, effected owing to
the actuation and release of the treadle 40, in itself constitutes an important
advantage. This result is attained in the following manner:-
When the disc 5 is rotated an air compressing pump or air compressing
pumps 45 is or are actuated, the compressed air being stored in the receiver 46.
Upon the shaft 4 of the rotary disc 5 is rigidly fixed a collar 47 provided with
a crank pin 48. This latter actuates the pump connecting rod 49 the other
extremity of which engages with the cross-head bolt 50. This latter is con-
nected to the pump piston rod 51 of the pump 45. The air compressing pump
may be of any convenient construction, for instance a double acting pump as
illustrated. When the disc 5 is rotated the connecting rod 49 actuates the air
pump 45 causing a compression of the air which has been drawn in, this air
being conducted to the common receiver 46. This latter is provided with an
air supply conduit 52 which terminates in a T-piece 53 through which the air
passes to the curved air conduit or pipes 54 (Fig. 1) advantageously by means
of a special connection hereinafter described. Upon the conduit 52 leading
from the reservoir 46 is provided a cock 55 and the reservoir is provided with
a pressure gauge 56 in order to indicate the air pressure (see Figs. 1 and 4).
In order that the quantity of the compressed air may be regulated as desired,
the stroke of the pump 45 may be altered for instance by varying the position
of the crank pin 48 relatively to the hollow shaft 4 or as regards the eccentricity,
or there may be provided between the two ends of the air pump cylinder in
the known manner a circulation conduit a cock being also provided so that if
desired the air or a portion thereof may pass back from the compression side
to the suction side.
From the air conduit J the air passes through the conduit 54 into the casing G
furnished with the regulating cock H, thence proceeding into the casing E of
the plunger D.
For effecting the two blowing operations of (1) the preliminary blowing of
the moulded glass suspended from the neck mould and (2) the completion of the
blowing in the finishing or blowing mould, varying quantities of compressed air
are required. For instance, the moulded glass suspended from, the neck mould
freely in the air requires but a small quantity of air for the preliminary blowing,
whilst the quantity of air necessary for blowing the bottle in the finishing mould
is considerably greater, whilst its degree of compression must be considerably
higher. It is therefore necessary to provide a device such as may be adapted
sometimes to diminish the quantity and tension of the air compressed by the
air pump 45, at other times exercising no effect thereon. With this object the
air, before passing from the air conduit J into the casing G, is regulated by
a cock H which is arranged in the casing G. This cock H is provided with a
plug H having a large opening h passing through it whilst two circumferential
passages upon the periphery of the plug lead from the passage h. If, for
example, the plug H' occupies the position represented in Fig. 6, that is to say

page_text: with its principal passage lying in the direction of the passages 54, 58, the
air current is not obstructed but is able to pass freely through the passage
of the plug H¹ into the conduit 58. If, however, the plug H₁ occupies such a
position that the passage does not lie in the direction of the air admission
pipe 54, and is therefore to a great extent closed, (as in the position represented
in Fig. 7) the air is diverted on its way from 54 to 58 (being obliged to pass
partly through the circumferential passage h¹) and its quantity is diminished.
If, finally the plug H occupies such a position as shown in Fig. 8 the circum-
ferential passages 1 leave but a very small passage between 54 and 58 and the
quantity of the air is diminished to a very great extent as well as changing its
direction of flow so that it is not able to exert a high pressure upon the internal
-walls of the object which is to be blown and is thus not capable of fracturing
the glass walls of the freely suspended molten glass. It is therefore possible,
by means of the same cock plug H', which is provided with a handle 59 for
actuation by the operative, by suitable adjustment of the same not only to effect
the preliminary blowing but also to finish blowing the bottle in the blowing
mould. The air passing into the conduit 58 enters the casing E from which
it is able to enter an annular passage 60 between the plunger and its casing
and thus reach the interior of the mould suspended from the middle piece F.
The plunger D is guided in the casing E; its upper portion constitutes a
evlinder which is rendered tight with the casing by means of a stuffing box 61.
The plunger employed with this glass bottle blowing machine, is so arranged
that it rotates upon itself when raised or depressed, that is to say when caused
to leave or enter the mould. It is advantageously provided with a rectangular
point 65 which participates in the rotation of the plunger and thus renders the
neck of the bottle cylindrical while producing various advantages in practice.
The rotation of the plunger may be produced in the following manner:-
Into the middle piece F (Fig. 9) fitting upon the casing E is inserted a
sorew 62, the shank or inner end of which, projecting freely within the hollow
space in the middle piece F, engages in the screw thread 63 of suitable depth
and pitch formed in the reduced portion 64 of the plunger. In addition to the
screwed portion 64, the plunger D is provided with the rectangular point 65
already referred to, in which the screw thread 63 terminates. The screw threaded
portion 64 is guided in the middle piece F in a special box 66 the exterior of
which is cylindrical and is provided with a groove 67 in which engages the
screw 68 fixed in the casing F. The cross section of the rectangular point 65
of the plunger D is such that it fits in the box 66 in suchwise as to be adapted
to slide therethrough. When the plunger is raised or lowered, it will be rotated
upon its axis by means of the stud 62 engaging in the screw-threaded
portion 63, 64 as aforesaid as this stud 62 is rigidly fixed in the middle piece F
of the casing E (Fig. 9). Now in order to permit of this rotation of the plunger
Potwithstanding its attachment to the hand lever 30 the following device is
employed:
-
In the hand lever 30 a slot 69 is formed through which passes a bolt 70 which
is connected with the fork 71. The plunger 1 is connected with the fork 71
by means of a screw-threaded pin 72 which is retained by means of a nut 73.
A ball bearing is formed within the downwardly extending part 74
on the
fork 71 by means of a number of balls 75 (see upper part of Fig. 6). If the
lever 30 is raised or lowered by acting upon the handle 76, the head of the
plunger D is capable of rotating in the fork 71, and this rotation will be pro-
duced owing to the fact that the fixed stud 62 engages in the screw-thread 63
as aforesaid and thus causes the plunger D and its point 65 to rotate. Whilst
being raised and lowered the point 65 therefore performs a rotary movement
within the mass of glass and thus produces a smooth opening in the neck of the
bottle.
Instead of the plunger D having a square point 65 said point may be of any
other desired shape for instance triangular in cross section.

page_text: The exterior of the casing F is adapted to have clasped thereon the neck
mould A. For this purpose same is provided with an annular ridge or pro-
jection 77 (see Figs. 9 and 17) which engages in a corresponding groove 78 in
the neck mould (see Fig. 17). The neck mould is furnished with two handles 79
and 80 (Fig. 1) of which the handle 79 is firmly secured to the part 24 of the
neck mould, whilst the handle 80 is rotatably mounted in the other part 23 and
engages the part 24 by means of a button 81. By means of this button 81 the
two halves 23 and 24 of the neck mould are locked after they have been brought
together (see Fig. 1).
When the molten glass is poured into the parison mould, this latter must
be above the neck mould, that is to say, the plunger D must be turned in such
a manner that the hand lever 30 with its handle 76 lies beneath the neck mould
(Fig. 1-left hand).
It is advantageous, to closely connect the parison mould and neck mould one
with the other and lock same together (for measuring each charge of the glass)
as illustrated, and to form said parison mould with changeable linings.
This presents the following advantages:-
As the mould casing B fits accurately upon the neck mould, any desired
parison mould linings C may be enclosed in said single mould casing B. It
is necessary that the parison mould should fit the neck mould well and when
a mould casing such as B is employed the manufacture of a single part B
nicely adjusted in this respect is all that is necessary. The parison mould
linings C may then be inserted in the mould casing B in any desired manner.
The mould casing is in two parts and is provided. with the handles 82 83, of
these the handle 82 is rigidly connected with the half 28 of the mould casing B,.
whilst the handle 83 is rotatably mounted in the half 27 and locks the mould
casing halves 27 and 28 together by means of the button 84. By means of the
arms 25 and 26 the two halves 27 and 28 of the mould casing are attached to
the common pivot 20 as already described. In the mould casings B dovetail
grooves 85 are formed running vertically to the axis of the mould casing;
these grooves serve for the reception of corresponding dovetail projections upon
the parison mould lining C. The mould casing is provided with annular
grooves 87 which enclose the projections or crown 88 on the exterior of the neck
mould (see Figs. 3 and 17). The parison mould linings C are shaped smoothly
interiorly and it is therefore not necessary to provide them with such grooves 87,
it is sufficient to furnish the mould casing with these, thus effecting an important
economy in costly parison moulds, (Figs. 1, 17 and 18). By the employment
of these divided mould casings with interchangeable parison mould linings, it
is also possible to use several parison mould linings of the same dimensions,
which constitutes a great advantage, it being only necessary to have several
parison mould linings cooled ready for insertion.
The casing E which serves to guide the plunger D is in communication with
the air supply pipe J by means of the curved rigid pipe 54. The arrangement
The
of the plunger must be such that it fits centrally in the neck mould.
distance of the neck mould from the disc 5 is regulated by the length of the
arms 21 22. This length of the arms 21 22 varies in the case of different neck
moulds; neck moulds of large size for the manufacture of large bottles are
provided with larger arms than smaller neck moulds for the manufacture of
smaller bottles. The position of the plunger I) with respect to the surface of
the disc 5 is also adjustable. The slot 69 in the hand lever 30 also serves this
purpose of enabling the plunger to be adjusted with regard to the hand lever 30
which is rigidly fixed upon the dise 5 by means of the pivot 29.
the pipe 54 is rigid, the air conducting device J must also be arranged in such
a manner that it may be adjusted through and with respect to the rotary disc 5,
and this is effected in the following manner :-
As however
The shaft 4 upon which the disc 5 is mounted is hollow and receives a pipe 89
which is externally screw-threaded; the pipe 54 opens into the pipe 89 at its

page_text: extremity adjacent to the disc by means of the part 90. Upon its inner extremity
the shaft 4 is provided with a sleeve 92 internally screw-threaded and furnished
with a hand wheel or handle 91 which is rotatable upon the shaft 4 and is main-
tained in this position by means of a split ring 93. If the screw-threaded
sleeve 92 is turned, the externally screw-threaded pipe 89 may be either withdrawn
from the rotary disa 5 or caused to enter the same.
The T-piece 53, which conducts the air from the reservoir 46 through the
pipe 52 and the cock 55 to the pipe 89, is made air-tight in the latter by means
of the stuffing box 94, so that upon the adjustment of the pipe 89 the air passage
is in no wise interrupted (Fig. 22). By means therefore of the adjustable
screw-threaded pipe 89 it is possible to so adjust the plunger as to bring same
into a position central with respect to a neck and parison mould of any desired
size and arranged at any desired distance from the disc 5.
The parison mould is filled with molten glass when turned upwards and is
then reversed the parison mould is then laid open by the opening of the mould
casing B which is turned back around its hinge boit 20. This permits of the
treatment of the moulded glass with a suitable tool as described in the aforesaid
prior Letters l'atent. When the partly formed bottle has thus been made ready,
the finishing or blowing mould is placed round it and the blowing of the
finished bottle takes place in this mould (see Figs. 3 10, 12 13 and 14).
The interior formation of the upper part of the blowing mould corresponds
to the crown 88 of the neck mould and is attached thereto.
The blowing mould % rests upon the work table 7 (Fig. 3) which latter is
vertically adjustable by means of the screw 11 in the slide 9 of the standards
as aforesaid whereby the lifting of the blowing mould % off the table is obviated.
The two halves 95 and 96 of the blowing mould Z are rotatable around two
lateral hinges 98 99 which are arranged some distance outside the bottom in
special lugs 97" upon the same. The bottom 97 constitutes a distinct part and
around the central raised part 100 is formed a smooth annular surface 101 upon
which the bottom ends of the two parts 95 and 96 rest. Now if such a mould
is opened, the two mould halves upon being turned back upon their hinges 98
and 99 away from the axis of the bottle, describe an ascending path 104 (Fig. 10).
As a consequence of this, the finished bottle which has been blown in the blowing
mould will be slightly raised from the bottom upon the opening of the mould,
as soon, however, as it is released by the mould halves it remains upright upon
the bottom. It is therefore possible to manufacture bottles having a pronounced
curvature at the bottom such as indicated by the line 105 without liability of
the finished bottle being gripped in the bottom upon the opening of the mould
thus causing the bottle to become angular or breaking it altogether. As already
described, the mould halves 95 96 are fitted to the neck mould, and for this
purpose are provided with an annular groove 100 (see Fig. 10) which corresponds
with the groove 87 of the parison mould casing and serves for the reception of
the projection 88 upon the neck mould. The two halves 95 and 96 of the blowing
mould, which are adapted to pivot upon the hinges 98 99, are closed by means
of a button 107 which is provided with a handle 108 and is pivotally mounted
in the half 96 of the blowing mould. Another handle 109 which is fitted to
the other half of the mould 95, serves to enable the mould to be opened and
closed with greater ease (Fig. 13). For the reception and retaining of the button,
the two mould. halves 95 and 96 are provided with projecting portions 110 111.
The projection 110 is formed with an aperture 112 to admit of the passage of
the button 107 (Figs. 13 and 14).
This finishing or blowing mould differs from those usually employed with
glass blowing machines, owing to the fact that the mould halves 95 and 96, as
already described, are adapted to be turned far outside the bottoms upon
hinges 98 99 so that the mould's possess a tendency to close automatically and
to somewhat raise the bottle from the bottom when they are opened. Moulds
as hitherto employed (such as illustrated in Fig. 11) were provided upon the

page_text: bottom with a hinge 113 lying in the vertical axis of the bottle, and the two
halves of the mould 114 and 115 upon being turned down and describing the
are of a circle 116, had a tendency to raise the bottle from the bottom 117,
because the sharp edges 118, 119 of the mould halves 114, 115, which fit into
corresponding indentations in the blown bottle, tend to carry the bottle with
them and having other drawbacks in use.
These defects are obviated by means of the blowing mould in accordance with
this invention; the mould having a tendency to close of itself the bottle is held
upon the bottom whilst the lower edges of the mould also rest upon the bottom.
The manipulation and operations of this machine is as follows:-
The
Before any bottles are blown, the glass blower must cause the disc 5 to
rotate to and fro several times by acting upon the treadle 40, in order to charge
the air reservoir 46 with compressed air by the operation of the air pump 45.
The neck mould is clasped onto the part of the plunger casing this part F
being connected to the casing E and guiding the plunger D centrally.
mould casing B for the parison mould CIS then fitted around the neck
mould A atter a parison mould of suitable size has been inserted in
the mould casing. The rotary dise is caused to occupy such a position, that the
open bottom end of the parison mould is directed upwards, the pin 44 upon the
disc will then bear upon the stop 43 upon the frame (Fig. 1-left hand).
Molten glass is then placed in the parison mould which is allowed to cool some-
what after the neck mould has been sufficiently filled. Thereupon the rectangular
point 65 of the plunger D) is passed from below upwards into the, mass of glass,
this being effected by the displacement of the hand lever 30. As upon such
actuation of the lever 30 the plunger D also rotates with its point 65, the point 65
will force the glass mass exactly into the contours of the neck mould and in
an upward direction while a perfectly round opening will be formed in the mass
of glass. Thereafter (when the glass mass has become less liquid) the treadle 40
is released thus permitting the spring 41 to act and thereby causing the disc
to rotate through 180° until the pin 44 upon the disc strikes upon the stop 42
on the frame of the machine (Fig. 1-right hand side, and Fig. 5). The lever 30
is then uppermost and the mass of glass is suspended from the neck mould.
The parison mould is then opened to such an extent as to permit the mass of
glass to depend freely from the neck mould (as shown in Fig. 3). In order that
this may be effected, the arms 25 and 26 of the halves of the mould casing B
are made of a length sufficient to allow the latter to be laid right back and
thereby prevent the parison mould parts from being in the way during the
subsequent treatment of the moulded glass mass; and to permit the finishing
or blowing mould being subsequently suspended upon the neck mould.
preparation of the moulded glass, which is a preliminary in the production of
the finished bottle then takes place. For this purpose the cock 55 is opened to
some extent in such a manner that some air passes through the circumferential
passages from the reservoir 46 through the pipes 53, 89, 54, and the casing E,
then around the screw-threaded portion 63 of the plunger and along the point 65,
entering the moulded glass and distending it to a moderate degree. With this
object the plunger is drawn upwards slightly by means of the lever 30 and the
handle 76, in order to permit of the free passage of the air. The mass of glass
depending from the neck mould, in which the neck opening has already been
formed by the insertion of the rotary plunger as aforesaid is now blown out to
some extent by the air which enters; and extends lengthwise by reason of its
own weight and can now be "worked as aforesaid; for which latter purpose I
may employ a ladle-like implement 120 (Fig. 15) which consists of a hemi-
spherical hollow iron part 120 provided with a suitable handle 121. This ladle
is pressed against the downwardly hanging bottom of the moulded glass 122
thus forming a rounded bottom the sides of the now partly shaped bottle running
into this rounded bottom in an easy curve, thereby avoiding tensions in the
The

page_text: glass. By this means the irregular shape first formed assumes the more regular
shape shown in Fig. 16.
When the moulded glass has thus been treated the ladle 120 is removed and
the finishing or blowing mould Z fitted to the neck mould A. so that the said
mould now encloses the glass 123. The finished bottle is produced in the
finishing mould by opening the cock H so that a sufficient supply of air is able
to pass through the casing E and over the screw-threaded portion 63 and the
point 65 of the plunger into the interior of the partly formed bottle in the
blowing mould. This air then forces the glass against the inner walls of the
blowing mould. When this takes place, the semi-circular bottom of the glass,
which was formed in the ladle, comes against the raised bottom 100 or 105 of
the blowing mould (Fig. 10) and permits of the formation of a good bottom to
the bottle.
The neck
When the blowing of the bottle has been completed, the halves 95 96 of the blow-
ing mould are opened somewhat, as are also the halves 23 24 of the neck mould
in order to release the neck of the bottle; the blowing mould is then placed on
one side, its halves again closing, the bottle being allowed to cool.
mould is ther again closed, the parison mould attached thereto by means of
the mould casing B whilst by acting upon the treadle 40 the pin 44 of the
disc 5 is caused to strike against the stop 43; that is to say, the disc is caused
to make a half revolution. By means of this rotation, fresh air for the
production of a fresh bottle is compressed by means of the air pump 45 and
conducted into the reservoir 46. The cycle of operations is then repeated in
the manner already described and so on.
In this manner, therefore, bottles which are not intended to be turned in
the finishing mould are produced.
If it is desired to produce turned bottles, the neck mould above described
must be replaced by another which is adapted to be rotated by the point of the
plunger. This arrangement is shown in Figs. 19, 20 and 21.
the same.
The rectangular point 65 of the plunger already described is surrounded by
a rotary part 124 which surrounds the plunger casing F and is rotatable around
This rotary part 124 has a rectangular bore or opening 125 around
the rectangular point of the plunger. Screws 126 in the rotary part 124 engage
in circular grooves 127 in the middle piece F and thus prevent the rotary
part 124 from falling away from the middle piece F. If the plunger 1) is raised
and lowered, and therefore by reason of its screw thread 63 and fixed stud 62
caused to rotate in the casing E F the rectangular point 65 will rotate with it
the rotary part 124. To this part 124 is attached the neck mould A' and in
such a manner that it is maintained upon the crown 129 of the rotary part 124
by means of grooves 128 but which by means of screws 130 which engage in
recesses of the neck piece is forced to participate in the movement of rotation.
The neck piece A' is therefore also caused to rotate. This neck piece A¹ is
surrounded by circular cheeks 131 132 at its upper end for the purpose of
attachment to the bolt 20 of the disc 5; these cheeks permit of the rotation
of the neck piece A whilst preventing it from falling owing to the fact that
screws provided with conical heads 133 engage in dovetail grooves 134 of the
neck-piece A. The blowing of the bottle then takes place in the manner already
described except that in inserting the moulded glass in the finishing mould
the hand lever 30 is raised and depressed thus causing the neck piece A¹ to
rotate. The glass depending from the neck mould A consequently rotates in
the finishing mould and therefore cannot show any signs of the join in the
mould; these bottles present a perfectly smooth outer surface but of course
cannot have moulded inscriptions thereon.
The form of plunger provided with a rectangular point 65 and with the screw-
threaded portion 63 possesses the further advantage that when the air in the
molten glass expands by reason of the heat from the glass, if the pressure in
the glass becomes greater than the pressure in the reservoir, the rectangular

page_text: point and the air passages communicating will leave vents through which the
excessive pressure can escape to the reservoir and thus prevent damage to the
glass.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
1 claim is:
-
1. In a glass bottle blowing machine, the combination of a plunger having
a spiral groove therein and adapted to rotate on its axis when moved endwise,
guides for the said plunger, means for projecting the said plunger into the neck
of the bottle and for withdrawing it therefrom, and a stud in said guides
engaging the said spiral groove to cause the rotation of the said plunger, sub-
stantially as described.
2. In a glass bottle blowing machine, the combination with a neck mould, of
a plunger having a spiral groove therein, and adapted to rotate on its axis when
moved endwise through the said neck mould, guides for said plunger, a stud
in the said guides engaging the said spiral groove and means for moving the
said plunger endwise through the said neck mould, substantially as described.
3. In a glass bottle blowing machine, the combination with a neck mould,
and a parison mould fitting upon the said neck mould, of a plunger adapted to
be moved endwise through the said neck mould and simultaneously rotated
upon its longitudinal axis, guides for said plunger, spiral thread formed on the
said plunger, a stud in the said guides engaging the said thread, and means for
reciprocating the said plunger through the said neck mould, substantially as
described.
4. In a glass bottle blowing machine, the combination with a neck mould,
a parison mould fitting upon the said neck mould, and a finishing mould also
fitting upon the said neck mould; of a plunger adapted to be moved endwise
through the neck mould and simultaneously rotated upon its longitudinal axis,
guides for the said plunger, a spiral thread formed on the said plunger, a stud
in the said guides engaging the said thread, and means for reciprocating the
said plunger through said neck mould, substantially as described.
5. In a glass bottle blowing machine, the combination with moulds, of a
rotatable plunger having a spiral thread thereon, and adapted to enter the molten
glass, the thread forming vents for the escape of the heated air; substantially
as described.
6. In a glass bottle blowing machine, the combination with a plunger casing,
a neck mould clasped upon the said casing, and other moulds clasped upon the
said neck mould of a rotatable plunger reciprocating through the said casing
and having a spiral thread thereon, a stud in the said casing engaging the said
spiral thread, an air supply pipe connecting with the said casing, and means for
reciprocating the said plunger; substantially as described.
7. The combination in a glass bottle blowing machine of a plunger having
a rectangular point thereon adapted to rotate on its longitudinal axis when moved
endwise and means to rotate said square pointed plunger while projecting same
through the neck mould and retracting same, to produce a clean smooth opening
through the neck of the finished bottle, such means consisting of a stationary
pin in the plunger casing engaging in a screw-thread formed along the plunger,
substantially as described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
8. The combination in a glass bottle blowing machine having a neck mould,
measuring or parison mould adapted to he fitted to the neck mould, and finishing
or blowing moulds adapted to be fitted to the neck mould: of a plunger D
adapted to be moved endwise in the molten glass and simultaneously rotated
upon its longitudinal axis, a hand lever 30 to operate said plunger, a screw-
threaded portion 63 formed on said plunger, a stud 62 screwed in the plunger
casing E and engaging said threaded part of the plunger so that the rectangular
point 65 of the plunger D which enters the neck mould has by these means

page_text: imparted to it a rotary movement during its motion to and fro in the molten
glass, thus pressing the molten glass into the neck mould and producing a clean
smooth neck aperture in the finished bottle substantially as hereinbefore
described, and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
9. In a glass bottle blowing machine, the combination with a revolvable disc
having a hub thereon, moulds carried by the said disc, and a toothed pinion
on the hub of said disc; of a toothed segment engaging the said pinion,
links pivoted to the ends of the said segment and to the frame of the machine
a spring connected with one end of the segment and a treadle connected with
the other end of said segment to turn the said disc, and stops on the disc and
on the frame of the machine to limit the rotation of the said disc; substantially
as described.
10. In a glass bottle blowing machine, the combination with a shaft, a disc
mounted on the said shaft, moulds carried by the said disc, and means for
imparting rotary movement to the said disc; of an air pump connected with
the said shaft and operated by the rotation of the said dise, substantially as
described.
11. In a glass bottle blowing machine, the combination with a shaft, a disc
mounted on the said shaft, moulds carried by the said disc and means for rotating
the said disc; of an air reservoir, an air duct leading from the reservoir through
the said shaft and disc to the moulds; and an air pump communicating with the
said reservoir and connected with the shaft and operated by the rotation of
the disc substantially as described.
12. In a glass bottle blowing machine, the combination of a plunger guiding
sleeve, a rotatable plunger arranged to slide in the said guiding sleeve and
having a rectangular point, a casing rotatably mounted upon the said guiding
sleeve and fitted at its lower end upon the rectangular part of said plunger, a
neck mould enclosing the said casing and secured thereto, the rotation of the
plunger being imparted to the said casing and neek mould, and another mould
arranged in line with the said casing and neck mould, substantially as described.
13. In a glass bottle blowing machine, the combination with a rotatable disc
a plunger sleeve carried by the said dise and an air duct communicating with
the said sleeve; of a rotatable plunger arranged to slide in the said sleeve, a
casing rotatably mounted upon the said sleeve and fitted upon the said plunger
to turn therewith, a neck mould enclosing the said casing and secured thereto
so as to turn therewith, a support for said neck mould pivoted to the said dise
and enclosing the neck mould, another mould arranged in line with the plunger
and neck mould, and means for reciprocating and rotating the said plunger;
substantially as described.
14. A glass bottle blowing machine in which the casing E of the plunger D
is connected with an air supply pipe 89 by means of a rigid pipe 54 this air
supply pipe being arranged in the hollow shaft 4 of the disc 5 with respect to
the vertical plane of which latter it may be adjusted, for the purpose of enabling
the plunger D with its casing to be adjusted centrally with respect to moulds
of different sizes substantially as described with reference to the accompanying
drawings.
15. Machinery for blowing glass bottles or the like constructed and arranged
to act substantially in the manner and for the purposes herein before described
with reference to the drawings hereunto annexed.
TONGUE & BIRKBECK,
Birkbeck Bank Chambers, Chancery Lane, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.