Improvements relating to the Manufacture or Treatment of Paper, Cardboard, Silk, Linen, Cloth, Buckram, Leatherette und the like, for Use in Printing, Bookbinding, and for other Purposes.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Nov., 1899- Accepted, 14th Apr., 1900
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements relating to the Manufacture or Treatment of Paper,
Cardboard, Silk, Linen, Cloth, Buckram, Leatherette und the like,
for Use in Printing, Bookbinding, and for other Purposes.
We, ALFRED JAMES ADAMS, Gentleman, of 14, Garlies Road, Forest Hill,
London, S.E., and FREDERICK CHARLES ALFRED ADAMS, Gentleman, and WILLIAM
BARTON BECKLEY, Paper Maker, both of 12, Mark Lane, in the City of London.
E.C., do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:―
This invention relates to improvements in and connected with surfaces which
are to be printed upon such as paper, paste-board, linen, silk, cloth, buckram.
leatherette, and the like. It consists in a method of treating the pulp, mass, etc.
of which the substance of these materials is formed; in such a manner that better
printing results with cheaper materials, than those hitherto obtained, are now
rendered possible.
Our invention consists essentially in adding (by mixing or steeping, as will be
evident) to the pulp, mass or substance of the paper, cardboard, linen, silk, cloth,
buckram, leatherette, and the like, a proportion of preserved albuminous material,
either animal or vegetable and with or without the addition of a small quantity
of sal ammoniac (ammonium chloride).
A suitable preserved albuminous material may be obtained as follows. Blood,
or other albuminous matter, is treated with an alkaline fluoride, such as
ammonium fluoride. Instead of the latter, boro-fluoride of ammonium, sodium,
or potassium, may be employed.
When using animal matter, such as blood or blood serum etc., we add from
one to two parts of ammonium fluoride or equivalent substance to 100 parts of
blood serum or the like. The whole is then placed in a dialyser (this portion of
the treatment being preferably carried out in the apparatus known as an osmogène
which consists of a series of frames with parchment paper sides, the serum being
placed in the alternate divisions and water flowing through the others,) and
subjected to dialysis for from one to three hours. The albuminous solution
from the dialyser is then concentrated by means of hot air, or by other suitable
means, to the consistency of a thick liquid.
In the case of vegetable matter, e.g. bran, the albuminous matter is treated.
with water at a temperature of 25 to 30 degrees Centigrade (the extraction may
be done under pressure or by simple filtration) and to the solution of vegetable
albumen thus obtained, is added ammonium fluoride. For instance, to 100 parts
by weight of bran in solution as described above, is added 1 part by weight of
ammonium fluoride; the material so treated is then placed in the dialyser, and
treated for from 1 to 3 hours. The dialysed albuminous matter is then concen-
trated to the consistency of a thick solution.
Now according to the present invention, in treating for instance, paper pulp,
suitable proportions are as follows: 32 parts by weight of the preserved albumi-
nous matter (as above) either animal or vegetable, are added to 4480 parts by

page_text: weight of paper pulp, and there may or may not be also added to this weight of
paper pulp, one part by weight of sal ammoniac (ammonium chloride).
We have found these proportions eminently suitable but they may within
reasonable limits be varied.
- A
The preserved albuminous matter and the sal ammoniac, "(when the latter is
employed) are added cold to the moist paper pulp and the mixture is effectively
stirred in order that the added substances may be thoroughly incorporated with
the paper pulp. The plup is then converted into paper, etc., in any usual manner.
In the case of silk, linen, buckram, and the like, the preserved albuminous
matter, with or without sal ammoniac is added to those substances in the "piece";
or the one or both of the ingredients is or are added thereto during or after the
process of manufacturing the same, as may be convenient. In treating silk or
linen, for example, we may steep those woven materials in a suitable solution of
preserved albumen as above. To every "piece" (36 yards) of woven material,
one pint of albumen is required, sufficient water being added thereto to com-
pletely immerse the material. The quantity of water will vary according to the
material and from 5 to 10 minutes will usually be sufficient for the duration of
the immersion.
By means of our invention, the application of the preparation known as
"glaire," or of a similar substance, to the finished paper, cardboard, silk, linen
(e.g. bookbinders' linen), cloth, buckram, leatherette, etc., is not necessary in the
process of printing, technically known as "blocking" with gold, silver, platinum,
Dutch-metal, aluminium, etc. And further, with regard to ordinary printing,
printing in colours, lithography and other methods of printing, a better impres-
sion and a more pleasing result is obtained on paper, cardboard, etc., prepared by
our process, with cheaper inks than is now effected on ordinary paper etc. with
more expensive inks.
The sal ammoniac in some cases may be dispensed with, being sometimes
found to be not absolutely essential, but it is found to be particularly useful, in
the case of paper, cardboard, pasteboard, and materials akin to these, for metallic
"blocking" processes.
The osmogène herein before referred to, may be of the type largely used in
sugar works for dialysing sugar.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is:―
IT
A method of manufacturing or treating paper, cardboard, silk, linen, cloth,
buckram, leatherette, etc., characterized by adding to the pulp or mass of those
substances, or by steeping those materials in water containing, preserved albumi-
nous matter, either animal or vegetable, with or without a small quantity of
sal ammoniac, substantially as above described.
Dated this 24th day of November 1899.
led this 24th day of November 1899.
For the Applicants,
GEDGE & FEENY,
Chartered Patent Agents, 60, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C.