Improvements in the Construction of and Means_applicable to Machines for Producing Stereotype Matrices and Type Bars.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 24.h Feb., 1891-Accepted. 23rd May, 1891
[Communicated from abroad by THE ELECTRIC TYPOGRAPHIC COMPANY
(a Corporation organized under the Laws of the State of West Virginia),
of 155, Broadway, in the City and State of New York, United States of
America.]
Improvements in the Construction of and Means_applicable to
Machines for Producing Stereotype Matrices and Type Bars.
I PHILIP ARTHUR NEWTON of the Office for Patents, 6 Bream's Buildings,
Chancery Lane in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
This invention relates to that class of type setting, matrix making, or type
casting machines, in which a line of type or dies-by which is meant pieces of
metal having characters cut thereon, either in relief, (male) or intaglio (female)-
is composed, and then used either to print a line of matter, or as a die from which
to make a matrix, or if the dies are female, as a matrix from which to cast a
printing bar, and which consists in various improvements upon, and additions to the
machines of this class heretofore proposed, which will be hereafter specifically
emunerated and described; and in this description, and in the claims, under the
term "type," is intended to be included both male and female dies.
While, as stated above, the invention is of general application in all classes of
machines in which a line of type or dies are composed, independently of the use
made of the type, the improvements constituting the invention are intended especially
for use in matrix making and type-bar casting machines, and together constitute a
machine of this class, the organization and general construction of which, as well as
the construction of the detailed parts, is new.
There are several varieties of matrix making and type bar casting machines, of
which two varieties are best known, namely, machines in which a line of female type
or matrices are assembled, and a printing bar cast therefrom, and machines in which
a line of male type are assembled, and a matrix impressed thereby, from which a
printing bar is afterwards cast in a seperate machine.
The machine embodying the present invention is a new departure, in that there
is combined, in a single organized machine, matrix-impressing mechanism and type-
bar casting mechanism, lines of type being successively composed, justified, aligned,
and locked in position for the impression, and matrix blanks successively presented
to the successive lines of assembled type, and impressed to form matrices, which
then pass in succession to the casting mechanism, by which type bars are cast,
which are then assembled in a galley, and the used matrices delivered from the
machine.
The various steps of assembling, justifying, aligning and locking the type,
impressing the matrix, casting the printing bar, and feeding the matrix blanks from
the blank holder, on one side of the machine, to impression mechanism, and thence
to the casting mechanism and delivery at the other side of the machine, are
automatically performed by power, the type being released and assembled by the
operation of keys, as usual in this class of mechanism. The invention, therefore,
consists, in part, in the general construction and organization of the machine by
which these various operations are performed.
It will be seen, however, that the mechanisms for assembling, justifying, aligning,
and locking the type are applicable generally in this class of machines; whether
the type are male or female, and independently of the use to which they are
applied, and that these mechanisms, in combination with the mechanism for

page_text: advancing and impressing the matrices, constitute a complete matrix-making
machine, and may be used whether the casting mechanism is combined therewith,
or the type bars are cast from the matrices in a separate machine, as heretofore.
It will be seen, also, that the casting mechanism may be used for producing the
printing bars, whether the matrices from which the bars are cast are produced in
the same or in a separate machine, and the invention includes various novel features
of general application in type-bar casting machines.
All these features of invention, whether consisting in the general construction
and organization of the complete machine, or in improvements in the construction
of the matrix-making and type-bar casting portions of the machine, will be fully
described in the following Specification, and particularly pointed out in the claims,
so that no further preliminary description need be given.
Referring to the accompanying drawings,
Figures and 14 form together a side elevation of a machine embodying the
present invention, the side represented being that upon the right of the operator as
he stands in position for operating the machine; Figure 1ª representing the upper
part of the machine, and being partly in section.
Figure 1 represents the under side of the rear portion of the pivoted arms, by
which the lifter bar carriers for distributing the type are operated, and shows the
devices for effecting, at will of the operator, the connection or disconnection between
the said arms and the lifter-bar carriers.
Figures 2 and 24, taken together, represent a side elevation of the machine, the
side shown being that to the left of the operator.
Figure 2B represents, on an enlarged scale, the under side of the reciprocating
holder for the matrix blanks, and the means for operating the spring detent
which assists in directing their passage out from the machine, after they have
been used.
Figure 2 is a vertical section through the mechanism shown in Figure 2B, and
on a like scale.
Figures 3 and 34, taken together, represent a front elevation of the machine.
Figure 3 represents, on an enlarged scale, the pawl and ratchet with its governing
armature and magnet for controlling the step by step movement of the type-bar
delivery mechanism:
Figure 3 is a front elevation, on an enlarged scale, of part of the mould plate,
showing the ribs in the mould.
.
Figure 4 is a central sectional elevation of the upper part of the machine, the
point of view being on the left hand side of the plane of the section.
Figure 44 is a vertical section of the impression table and the thrust plate for
effecting the justification, and shows in elevation the mechanism for operating the
thrust plate.
Figure 4 is a section on the line 4", 4" of Figure 4, showing the impression table
and its ribs moving in the guide slots of the frame.
Figure 5 is a sectional elevation on the same plane as Figure 4, but on a larger
scale, and showing details of construction omitted from Figure 4 for the sake of
clearness.
Figure 6 is an irregular horizontal section, on a scale somewhat larger than that
of Figures 1 to 4, being taken on about the line 6, 6 of Figure 1, and showing the
justifying mechanism, aid a part of the devices for operating the same.
Figure 7 is a sectional elevation of the lower part of the machine, taken on the
line 7, 7 of Figures 3 and 6, the point of view being on the left hand side of the
plane of the section.
Figure 7 is a front elevation of the casting box.
Figure 8 is a diagrammatic sectional elevation, on a reduced scale, of the upper
part of the machine, taken on an approximately vertical plane passing through the
path of the matrix blanks, intended to illustrate particularly the mechanism for
passing these blanks from the galley on the right, where they are placed for intro-
duction to the machine, to the impression table where they receive the impression

page_text: of the type, and thence to the reciprocating holder by which they are presented to
the casting mechanism.
Figure 9 is a side view, on a reduced scale, of the impression table, and the
connections for operating the same, and Figure 94 represents a modified construction
of this mechanism.
Figure 10 is a diagrammatic sectional elevation, taken on about the line 10, 10,
Figure 8, on a reduced scale, showing the aligning and abutment blocks in the
positions which they assume, to lock the line of type for the impression, and the
devices through which these blocks are operated; and showing also one of the lifter
bar carriers.
Figure 11 is a view of the upper side of one of the type bar frames, showing, in
plan, a set of types and type bars and detents for holding the type bars in place in
the frame.
Figure 12 is a sectional elevation on the line 12, 12 of Figure 11.
Figure 13 is a view from the upper side at the upper end of one of these frames,
showing the arrangement of detents and delivery rods, where two sets of type bars
are held in one frame.
Figure 14 is a longitudinal side view of a type bar; and Figure 15 is an edge
view of the same.
Figure 16 is an edge view of one of the type, and the lower part of the bar.
Figure 17 represents one of the disconnected type to be inserted in the line by
the operator.
Figure 18 is a diagram of the electrical connections between the key-board and
one of the magnets for operating the delivery bars.
Figure 19 is a view of the underside of one of the frames carrying justifying or
type bars, showing the friction rollers upon which the bars rest.
Figure 20 is a side view of one of the justifying bars, showing its frame and
detent in sectional elevation.
Figure 21 is a side view, on an enlarged scale, of the forward end of one of the
justifying bars.
Figure 22 is a section on line 22, 22 of Figure 21.
Figure 23 is a side view of the forward end of a justifying bar, showing the
relative position of the wedge and wedge-plate, after the former has been forced
forward to effect justification.
Figure 24 is an edge view of the forward end of a justifying bar, the parts being
in the same position as shown in Figure 23.
Figure 25 is a section on the line 25, 25 of Figure 23.
Figure 26 is a perspective view of the wedge-plate.
Figure 27 shows the spring in the cylindrical matrix block holder.
Figure 28 is a sectional elevation, on the line 28, 28 of Figure 6, showing the
position of the parts just before the projection of a printing bar from the mould
into the galley.
Figure 29 is a similar section, showing the position of the parts while the
operation of casting the printing bars is in progress.
Figure 30 is a face view of the matrix block, after it has received an impression
from the type.
Figure 31 is a cross section of the same.
Figure 32 is a face view, and Figure 33 a cross-section, of the printing bar cast
from the matrix block shown in Figures 30 and 31.
Figure 34 represents a sectional elevation of the alarm mechanism.
Figure 35 represents a modification of the blast.
Referring now particularly to Figures 1 to 9, it will be seen that the working
parts of the whole apparatus are supported upon a suitable framework consisting of
a horizontal bed-plate 1, and suitable upright portions 2, this framework being
arranged so as to bring the apparatus at a convenient height for the operator.
The power for operating the machine is derived from a main shaft 118, mounted
in appropriate bearings in the framework, and connected through a pulley 120, or

page_text: other gearing, with an appropriate source of power.
A clutch 119, of suitable
construction, is preferably placed between the main shaft and the driving pulley
and gear, and it is found preferable to connect this clutch with a treadle, as 121,
or hand-lever, by which the application of power to the machine may be controlled
by the operator. The style of clutch preferred is one, such as, for instance, the
well known Bliss clutch," which, when operated to connect the shaft, will maintain
the connection for one revolution only. Geared to the main shaft is a secondary
shaft 122, from which it has been found convenient to drive certain parts of the
machine, greater compactness being secured than would be possible if all the move-
ments were derived from a single shaft. Supported upon the bed-plate 1, is a
vertical framework composed of two plates 3, which are arranged at a sufficient
distance apart to afford room between them for the blank in which the matrix is
formed, this blank being of sufficient width or length to receive the impression of
a line of matter of the desired length. Located between the plates 3, is an
impression table 111 which supports the matrix blank while the impression is being
taken. This table is placed at a slight inclination, and is arranged to have a
limited vertical movement. For this purpose, it is provided at its sides with ribs
which enter and move freely in guides or ways formed in the plates 3. The vertical
movement of the table is effected automatically by connections with the main
shaft, best shown in Figures 7 and 9. These connections consist of a lever 117,
fulcrummed upon a link 123, pivoted to the bed-plate, or to a bracket attached
thereto. To the rear arm of the lever 117, is pivoted a rod 124, to the lower end
of which is secured a ring 125 encircling the main shaft, and having an internal
cam-face 126, upon which operates a semicircular pin 127, carried upon the
crank 128, rigidly fixed upon the main shaft 118. The ring 125 is guided in its
movements by the usual guide plates, shown in front elevation in Figure 3.
each revolution of the main shaft, the crank pin 127 operates, through the cam-
face 126, to move the rod 124 downward in the direction of its length, and thus cause
the impression table to move upward, bringing the matrix blank 110, with a short and
powerful pressure, against the type 4. It will be noticed that the link 123 gives a
swinging fulcrum to the lever 117, thus permitting the impression-table to move
freely in its guide-ways. The weight 130 on the forward end of lever 129, pivoted
centrally to the rod.124, and loosely mounted upon shaft 122, or other fixed centre,
serves as a counter-balance to the table, and causes it to return to its depressed
position after having been raised by the action of the pin 127.
At
In Figure 94 is shown a modification of the connections between the impression
table and the power shaft, in which the lever 117, instead of the link 123, is pivoted
to the frame, the link being placed between the lever and the table, instead of
forming a swinging fulcrum for the lever, and the rod 124 being made adjustable
in length, so that the range of movement of the impression table may be varied.
This is a feature of importance, since it is sometimes desirable to increase or reduce
the depth of the impression in the matrix blank, for the purpose of effecting a
corresponding change in the amount by which the type, when cast, project froni
the printing bars.
A turn bucklei s shown as the device by which this adjustibility is secured, but
any other appropriate device may be substituted therefor. It is obvious that the
mechanism for operating the impression table may be made adjustable, where the
later is hand-operated, no less than where it is operated by power.
Located just above the impression-table, and extending transversely across the
machine between the plates 3, is a fixed rest-bar or support. 74, against which the
type come to rest as they are successively brought into line, and by which they are
in part held and supported during the operation of justification, and while the
impression is being taken, as is best shown in Figures 4, 10, and 4ª,
The type 4, a sufficient number and variety of which are provided to meet the
requirements of ordinary composition, are secured to the ends of the type-bars 5,
formed of slightly flexible metal, (see Figures 11, 14 and 15). The type-bars are
arranged side by side in. transverse frames 6, in which they are free to move

page_text: longitudinally. The frames carrying the type-bars are arranged in a radial position
with reference to the rest-bar 74, and are supported in a segmental frame 8, located
above, and at one side of the rest-bar. The frame 8 is composed of a pair of side
plates connected together by transverse bars or bolts, and is of suitable width to
permit of the introduction and removal of the frames 6, carrying the type-bars.
These frames 6 may be supported in the segmental frame 8 in any suitable manner
which will allow their convenient removal, and will preferably be held in slots or
grooves, ensuring their accurate adjustment in the segmental frames. To facilitate
the introduction and removal of the frames 6, the frame 8 is hinged to the plates 3,
so as to be swung back to a position to afford ready access to its under side. To
effect this, the frame 8 (see Figures 4 and 5,) is secured at one end to a transverse
rock-shaft 9, which is mounted in the plates 3, and carries a segmental-gear 10,
which engages with a worm on a shaft 12, having a pinion 13, which is engaged by
a gear 14 (see Figure 1A) upon a second shaft 15, which is provided with a hand
wheel 16 (see Figure 1), by which it can be readily rotated. By this means, the
frame 8 may be swung upward, so as to afford convenient access to the several
frames carrying the type-bars. When the frame 8 is in its normal position, its
forward end is supported upon a cross-piece 17, secured to the plates 3 (see
Figure 4).
The frames 6, carrying the type-bars, are, as has been stated, arranged radially
to the rest-bar 74, from which it results, that when the bars in different frames are
moved downward and forward, the type carried by the several bars approach each
other, and tend to come into line side by side at the rest-bar. By reason of this
arrangement, it is possible to assemble, in a transverse line at the rest-bar, type
carried by type-bars in any one or more of the frames. In order, therefore, to
compose a line consisting of any combination of letters or characters, it is only
necessary to have a sufficient number of each of the different letters and characters
required, distributed in different positions transversely of the machine, so that any
letter or character can always be found in some one of the frames at any point
transversely of the machine, where it is required in composing the line. This result
may be secured by providing as many of the frames 6 as there are letters and
characters required in ordinary composition, the entire row of bars carried by each
frame being provided with the same letters or characters. As it is, however, a well
known fact that, in printing, some letters and characters are required much less
frequently than others, and the machines will contain many more type than are
required for common work, if full frames of the less common characters are
provided, two characters are therefore assigned to some of the frames, the type bars
of the two characters alternating with each other in position; so that each frame so
arranged carries two sets of type bars, each set extending transversely from side to
side of the machine, but the spaces between the type-bars of each set being double
the spaces between the type-bars of the frames which are restricted to a single
character. The details of the construction of the frames 6 will be herein after
stated in connection with the description of the justifying-bars, which are provided
with a precisely similar frame.
Each of the type has upon its forward end a projecting shoulder 21 (see
Figures 14 and 16), which, when the type is brought into position in the line, rests
upon the rest-bar 74, (see Figure 10). The type of all the bars are carried by
any one of the frames 6, that is to say, the type, in each transverse row, are
arranged at the same angle with respect to their bars, but. this angle varies with
the type carried by the bars in the different frames, and is so adjusted that the
faces of the type carried by the bars in all of the frames will, when the type are
delivered against the rest-bar 74, be parallel with the top of the table 111. The
frames 6, carrying the type-bars, are so arranged that when the bars are released,
they will move forward and downward so as to carry the type into their proper
positions against the rest-bar 74, by gravity, aided, it may be, by light spring
pressure. The type-bars are held in position in their respective frames in readiness
for delivery by frictional contact with a series of stop-levers or.detents. 28. (see

page_text: Figures 5, 11, and 12) pivoted upon rods 29, located in the upper ends of the
frames just above the type-bars, and caused to bear upon the type-bars by means
of light springs 30. The release of the type-bars, to allow the type carried by
them to fall into position against the rest-bar, as they are required in composing a
line of matter, is effected by the partial rotation of delivery-shafts 31, one of which
is provided for each of the frames 6, (see Figures 1A, 2A, 3A, 5, and 6). Each of
the delivery-shafts 31 is provided with a releasing lug 32, which is so arranged,
that when the shaft is partially rotated it will impinge against the detent 28 of the
type-bar which is to be released, thereby rocking the detent, so as to raise out of
contact with the type-bar, and thus release the bar, and permit it to move forward
and downward, and carry its type into proper position against the rest-bar. The
delivery-shafts 31 are operated to release the type-bars in the proper sequence by
a series of electro-magnets 131, one for each delivery-shaft, mounted upon two
plates 132 and 133, placed respectively upon opposite sides of the machine. The
plate 132; on the right hand side of the machine, carries magnets equal in number
to the frames 6 contained in the machine, and these magnets operate one delivery-
shaft for each frame 6, the delivery-shaft passing through the plate 132, and
turning freely in it, but being held by collars 134, fastened to the shafts upon each
side of the plate, so that the plate and its set of shafts move together as the
machine is used, as will be hereafter explained. The plate 133, on the opposite
side of the machine, carries delivery-shafts and magnets for the second set of
characters contained in those frames 6 which are provided each with two sets of
characters. Two plates on opposite sides of the machine are used for convenience
merely, it being obvious that all the delivery-shafts and magnets might be attached
to a single plate. So, also, the magnets and shafts might be differently divided
between the two plates than as shown. It is found convenient to use two plates-
one on each side of the machine-for the reason that space is thus economized and,
further, that the weight of the magnets and the connected apparatus is thus
balanced with respect to the bearings upon which they are supported, and their
movement, hereinafter described, is attended with less friction, and requires less
exercise of power than would be the case if all the magnets were placed upon the
same side of the machine. Each delivery-shaft has upon its outer end an
armature 135, placed in suitable proximity to the pole of the corresponding
magnet 131. The delivery-shafts are held in their normal positions, in which the
lugs 32 are out of contact with the detents 28, by the springs 243, (see Figure 6),
by which they are held against stops 136. Each magnet 131 is connected by a
circuit, formed in whole or in part of flexible wire, with a battery, and one of the
keys of the keyboard 137, as shown in Figure 18. The operator, by depressing
any selected key of the key-board, closes the circuit of the corresponding magnet,
and causes the amature attached to the corresponding delivery-shaft to be
attracted, and thereby operates upon the detent of the corresponding type-bar, to
cause it to be released. The plates 132 and 133 (see Figures 14, 24, 34) are
attached to and carried by two rods 138 and 139, which rest and move freely in
bearings 33, fixed to brackets attached to the frame of the machine. These
rods 138 and 139 constitute, with the plates 132 and 133, a frame or carriage,
carrying the delivery-rods and their magnets, and capable of motion transversely
of the machine, in order to provide for the transverse motion of the releasing lugs,
as a line of type is being set up. This transverse motion is secured by a weight 34,
attached to a pulley 35, fast upon a shaft 36, journalled in fixed bearings. This
shaft carries two pinions 37, 38-one at each end,-which mesh with teeth cut in
the underside respectively of the rods 138 and 139 of the carriage. The weight 34
tends constantly to draw the carriage to the right, and this tendency is resisted
by a pawl and ratchet device best shown in Figures 34 and 3º. This device
consists of a ratchet-wheel, 39, attached to the shaft 36, a pawl 40, pivoted to the
· framework, and a magnet 41, controlling the pawl 40, through the medium of an
armature 42 fixed to the pawl. The magnet 41 is electrically connected with the
battery and one of the keys of the key-board 137, in the manner shown in Figure 18

page_text: for the magnets 131. This mechanism constitutes an electrically-controlled escape-
ment, governing a step by step movement of the carriage to the right, under the
pull of the weight 34, but which does not impede the free movement of the carriage
to the left. The teeth of the ratchet-wheel 39 are so placed, that each energization
of the magnet 41 permits a movement of the carriage corresponding to the space
occupied by a type-bar in the machine. Provision is made for returning the
the carriage to the left, after a line of type has been set up, or whenever it is
otherwise desirable to move the carriage backwards, in a pivoted hand-lever 43,
provided upon one end with a toothed sector 44, adapted to engage with teeth
formed upon the bar 138, as shown in Figure 34. By depressing the long arm of
this lever, the carriage may be returned any desired distance to the left.
Each type, when released by the operator, through the energization of the
appropriate magnet and the lifting of the detent, descends by gravity, and is caused
to take a somewhat oblique direction as it descends, by means which will be herein-
after described, so that it reaches the rest-bar 74 at a point near, or beyond, the
right hand end of the line of type, as shown in broken lines in Figure 8. Two
inclines 45, 46, are provided, converging one to each end of the composing-space
(see Figures 6 and 8), against one of which the descending type strikes, if it tends
toward a point beyond the end of the composing space, and by which incline it is
guided to the rest bar. On reaching the rest bar, the type is operated upon by a
blast of air, or other acriform fluid, conducted under pressure to this point through
a tube or equivalent conduit (see Figures and 5). The vent of this tube is
placed in the upright 3, in line with the type, when the latter are upon the rest bar.
The position of this vent is shown in broken lines in Figure 5. This air blast
blows each type, as it falls, to the left, and causes the type, as they successively
come to the rest bar, to be closely assembled against the left hand abutment of the
composing space.
It has been found that in operating the machine with the blast, as heretofore
described, type sometimes have a tendency, after reaching the rest-bar, and while
being blown across to their position in the line, to rise slightly from the rest-bar,
and in order to obviate this tendency, it is desirable to use a double blast, or to
provide two vents for the blast, causing one of the blasts or branch blasts to enter
as above described, and the other from a point, somewhat above the rest-bar, and
with an inclination downward, so as to bear down upon the type from above, and
tend to hold them upon the rest-bar. Such a construction, with a divided blast, is
shown in Figure 35.
As the right hand end of the line being composed reaches the blast vent, the air
is reflected from the type back to the vent, and when the line is full, the effect is
to nearly or wholly close the blast pipe. It is proposed to utilize this fact to
provide an alarm which shall notify the operator of the filling of the line. This is
accomplished by providing a shunt tube 251, near the end of the blast pipe (see
Figures 1 and 34), into which the blast is shunted by the last type of the composed
line and an alarm is arranged to be operated by this shunted blast. This alarm
may be a whistle, an electric alarm, or any other convenient alarm mechanism.
There is shown in Figure 34 an electric alarm connected with the shunt, which
will now be described. A casc 252 attached to the tube 251, contains a flexible
diaphragm 253, having, at its centre, an electric contact point adapted to meet
another contact point fitted in the centre of the cover of the case, 254, when the
blast of air in the shunt becomes strong enough to raise the diaphragm. The two
contact points are connected by an electric circuit to a battery, and electric alarm
bell 255. For convenience, the cover, 254, is hinged, and held in place by a catch.
As stated, this invention is not confined to this particular variety of alarm, but any
adapted to be operated by a blast of air may be used.
The devices by which the line of type, after being composed and justified, is
locked and aligned, previous to taking the impression; the devices by which the
matrix blank is presented in proper position to receive the impression; and the
devices by which the subsequent operations of the machine are effected, will be

page_text: hereinafter described. It is desirable, at this point, in order to facilitate the
understanding of the construction and operation of the justifying mechanism, to
give a brief description of the means by which the type bars are re-distributed, or
returned to their original positions in their frames, after the impression has been
taken. The type bars, as will be observed, are made of such length as to project
outward beyond the ends of the frames 6 in which they are carried, and it will
also be observed that each of the bars is provided at its outer or upper end with a
hook 25. The frame 8, in which the frames 6 are supported, is provided with
upwardly-extending side-plates 99 (see Figures 14, 24, 34, 4 and 8), which are
connected by suitable tic-rods, and between which the upper ends of the type-bars
extend. These plates 99 are provided with radial slots 141, in which move thin
metal lifter-bars 140 (see Figure 8). The slots 141 are so arranged that each of
the lifter-bars 140 lies just above, or in front of the row of type-bars carried by
one of the frames 6, and in such position that when it is moved upward or outward
along the slots 141, in which its ends are guided, it will engage with the hook 25 of
any one or more of the type-bars which have been released and have moved
forward or downward. The ends of the lifter-bars 140 project through the
slots 141, and enter slots formed in a pair of curved lifter-bar-carriers 142, which
are located outside the plates 99, and move freely up and down, and also longi-
tudinally in guides or ways 143, formed in plates 144 at the forward and rear ends
of the plates 99 (as best shown in Figures 34 and 6). The carriers 142 are
pivotally connected, at their rear ends, to a pair of arms 146, pivoted one at each
side of the machine, and approaching each other at its rear, as shown in Figures 6
and 13. These arms are united to a head 147, which has, on its under-side, a
recess in which lies a bolt 148, connecting the rear ends of the two carriers 142
(as best shown in Figures 1 and 1B). The bolt 148 is retained in the recess of the
head 147 by a catch 149, pivoted to the head. This catch has, on its lower side, a
lateral projection 150, to which is pivoted a rod 151, the other end of which passes
through a hole in the arm 146, and is pressed backward by a spring 152, held
between the arm 146 and the collar 153 on the rod 151, (see Figures 1 and 1º).
The tendency, therefore, of the spring 152 is to push back the catch 149 into its
closed position, shown in Figures 1, 1, and 2. This catch, in the position last
mentioned, rests, at its free end, upon a lip 154, projecting forward from the lower
face of the head 147, and thus securely attaches the bolt 148, and consequently the
carriers 142, to the head 147. When, however, it is desired to disengage the
carriers from the head 147, the operator pulls upon a cord 260, attached to
the projection 150, the other end of which lies within his reach while operating the
machine, and pulls back the catch to the position shown by broken lines in Fig. 18.
The purpose of effecting this disengagement, will be stated hereafter. The forward
ends of the carriers 142 are each provided with a friction wheel or roller 155,
which rolls upon the rear face of the corresponding front plate 144 (see Figs. 24
and 4).
The forward ends of the two carriers are preferably connected in front of the
machine by a rod 156. Motion is automatically given to the carriers through the
arms 146, by means of a rock shaft 246, provided with arms 158 and 247,
the former connected to the arms 146 by a link rod 159 (see Figs. 1, 2, and 7).
The arm 247 carries a friction roller 160, in proximity to a cam 161, fast upon the
main shaft 118. Once in every revolution of the main shaft, the extended portion
of the cam 161 depresses the arm 247, raises the arms 146, and, if the connection
is made between the carriers and the head 147, causes the carriers to rise, the
forward ends of these carriers being supported and guided by the rear faces of
the plates 144, upon which the wheels or rollers 155 travel and ascend as upon an
inclined plane. The carriers, as they rise, move the lifter bars 140 outward and
upward along the slots 141, thereby causing the lifter bars to engage with the
hooks 25 of any of the type bars that have been lowered and thus carry the type
bars outward and upward, and restore them to their normal position, where they
are held by the spring-pressed detents 28, until again released.
When the type

page_text: have been thus distributed, the projecting portion of the cam 161 having passed
the roller 160, the arms 146 and the carriers 142 will descend by their weight,
assisted, if desired, by a counter-balance, to their original position, thereby
moving the lifter bars 140 inward and downward in the slots 141, so that the type
bars may be permitted to move forward and downward, when again released.
It may sometimes be desired to take a number of impressions from a single line
of type, and that this may be done, it is requisite that the operation of the
distributing mechanism should be suspended during as many revolutions of the
main shaft as there are extra impressions desired. To this end, the connection
Between the carriers 142 and the arms 146 is made detachable. The catch 149
being withdrawn, so as not to lock the pin 148 to the head 147, the arms 146 are.
free to move upward and downward, without causing a movement of the
carriers 142, and the operation of the machine will proceed, without distribution of
the type, until the connection between the arms 146 and the lifter bar carriers is
renewed.
It is sometimes desirable to distribute the type before it would be done
automatically by the action of the cam 161, that is, to distribute the type inter-
mediately of a revolution of the main shaft, where, for instance, a mistake has
been made in the throwing of a type. To permit this to be done, the rock
shaft 246 is provided with a hand lever 162, which may be used at will by the
operator.
The mechanism by which the line of type, after being composed, is justified,
preparatory to taking the impression, consists primarily of a series of justifiers
and justifying bars A, the construction of which (reference being had particularly
to Figs. 5, 6, 20, and 24 to 26) will now be described. Each of these bars carries
a justifier, consisting of two principal parts, riz.: a wedge 75 and a wedge plate 82.
The justifying bars, which form the means for guiding and manipulating the
justifying wedges, are simply extensions of the wedges, and are composed of thin
pieces of metal, and are of the same, or substantially the same length, as the type
bars, and are provided, at their rear ends, with hooks 25, the same as the type bars.
Each of these bars is thickened at its forward end, and this thickened portion is
tapered by being inclined upon one side or face, so as to form what is termed
herein a justifying wedge 79, upon the end of the spreading bar. The inclined
face of the wedge 79 is provided with a longitudinal channel 78, in which rests a
tongue piece 81, to the forward end of which is secured a wedge plate 82, which is
inclined upon one side, but in the reverse direction to the wedge 79, and is
arranged to rest.against the inclined face of the wedge 79, with the inclined faces
of the two in contact.
From this construction it will be seen, that whenever the justifying bar 75 and
the wedge-plate 82 are moved one with relation to the other so as to cause the
plate 82 to take different positions along the inclined face of the wedge 79, the
combined thickness of the two will be varied, the thickness being increased as
the thicker portions of the wedge are brought to bear against the wedge plate, and
vice versa.
But it will also be seen that by reason of each of the parts being
inclined on one side only, and the incliued sides being in contact, the outside faces
of the wedge 79 and plate 82 will be parallel, in whatever position the wedge and
plate take with relation to each other.
The tongue piece 81 is held and guided in its position in the channel 78 by a
cap plate 87, which is secured to the rear end of the wedge 79. The rear end of
the tongue piece 81 is provided with a head 86, having a cap piece 84, which
moves in a slot 85 in the justifying bar, and thus limits the movement of the
tongue piece in either direction. The cap 84 is of such a width, in the direction
lengthwise of the justifying bar, that it can be inserted through the slot 85, when
the tongue piece 81 is held at about right angles to the bar, and it is of such
Jength, in a direction crosswise to the bar, that when the tongue piece 81 is
returned to its normal position, the ends or points of the cap piece project on each
B

page_text: side beyond the slot 85, and catch upon the justifying bar, so as to hold the rear
end of the tongue piece 81 securely to the spreading or justifying bar. The
tongue piece 81 is given a certain amount of spring outward, so that it presses
against the cap plate 87, for the purpose of holding the tongue piece and the
justifying bar together in the position shown in Fig. 25, until pressure is applied
to the bar, as will be hereinafter explained. It should be remarked, however,
that it is not essential that this spring be given to the tongue piece 81, as in
many cases the friction of the parts may be depended upon to perform the same
function. The wedge plate 82 is provided upon its under side with an arresting
and locking projection 83, which, when the justifying bar is released, abuts and
rests against the rest bar 74, and the bars 75 are provided upon their lower edges,
and preferably just at the rear ends of the wedges, with shoulders 88; the purpose
of which locking projections and shoulders will appear when the operation of the
justifying bars is explained. To the heads 86 are attached leaves 245, which,
when the parts are in their normal position, cover the edge of cap plate 87, as
shown in Fig. 22, and prevent type or justifying bars which drop past a justifying
bar, in its advanced position, from catching upon the shoulder formed by this
edge.
The justifying bars are arranged side by side in a transverse row in a frame 6,
which is supported in the segmental frame 8, in the same manner as the frames
carrying the type bars. The frame 6 is of rectangular form (see Figs. 11 and 20),
and consists of two side pieces 18, connected at their ends by plates 19, between
which the justifying bars pass, so as to move freely. The justifying bars
are guided in the frames by means of pins 7, which are arranged between the
plates 19, and a sufficient distance apart to receive one of the bars between cach
two of the pins. The frame 6 is provided at its upper end with a rod 29, upon
which is pivoted a series of detents 28, corresponding in number to the bars,
and arranged to bear upon the upper edges of the bars. The detents 28 are
preferably separated by washers 48, and are provided with springs 30
(see Figs. 5 and 20), by which they are held upon the bars with sufficient
pressure to retain the bars in their normal positions in the frame, until they are
released by the partial rotation of the delivery shaft 31. As the frame 6, carrying
the justifying bars, is the same in construction as the frames carrying the type bars,
the description just given applies equally to the frame carrying the type bars.
Where the frames carrying the justifying bars are nearly horizontal, so that the
action of gravity is likely to be more or less insufficient, the friction of the bars and
the frames is reduced by means of friction rollers 49 attached to the plates 19, and
receiving the lower edges of the bars, as shown in Figs. 19 and 20.
In this connection, the construction and operation of the releasing mechanism for
the type bars, where two sets of characters are carried in a single frame, will be
described. This construction is illustrated in Fig. 13, which is a view from the
upper side, of the upper end of one of the frames and its detents and delivery rods.
The detents are pivoted upon a rod 29, although two pivot rods 29 may be used,
one for each set of detents, above and below which are inserted the delivery
shafts 31, carrying the lugs 32, by which the detents are operated. The upper
delivery shaft is attached to the plate 132, on the right hand side of the machine,
and the lower delivery shaft is attached to the plate 133 on the left hand side of
the machine, as has been before explained. If more than two sets of characters are
desired in the same frame 6, a similar construction may be employed, a delivery
shaft being introduced for each set of characters in the frame. It should be noted
that the use of several delivery bars for a single frame is made possible by the
application of electro-magnets to their control, mechanical devices for the purpose
occupying too much room to permit of such use.
The frame 6, carrying the justifying bars, is so arranged (the same as the frames
carrying the type bars) that when the justifying bars are released, they will be
moved by gravity forward, and downward to take their proper places in the line

page_text: being composed, though in this case, the same as in the case of the type bars, the
movement of the bars may be aided or accelerated by means of light springs
provided for that purpose.
The portions of the justifying bars which are provided with the hooks 25, extend
rearwardly through the frame 6, as is the case with the type bars, and are located
in such position with relation to one of the lifter bars 140, that said lifter bar will
engage with the hooks, and restore the justifying bars to their normal position, at
the same time that the type bars are restored to their normal position, as already
explained.
In order to increase the number of the type bars which may be operated within
a given space, and thus avoid making the machine unduly large, the bars in each of
the frames 6 are so arranged that they alternate with those in the adjoining frame
or frames. This arrangement of the bars causes the type carried by the bars in
each two adjoining frames, to slightly overlap each other, and also causes some of
the type to slightly overlap the justifying wedges 79 and wedge plates 82 of the
justifying bars. As a consequence of this, it might happen, when the type and
justifying bars were released, that the type and the wedges 79 and wedge plates 82,
instead of passing into line side by side, would strike against each other, and thus
be prevented from taking their proper positions in the line. To avoid this, the
justifying bars and the type bars are bent or deflected laterally, so as to form
inclined shoulders 27 (see Fig. 11), which, as the bars are released and pass forward
and downward, engage first with the pins 7 at the upper end of the frame, so as to
deflect the ends of the bars to the right, as respects the operator, or away from the
last type brought into line being composed, and afterwards with the pins 7 at the
lower end of the frame, so as to deflect the ends of the bars back to the left, or
toward the end of the line of type. By this means, as each of the type and
justifying bars is delivered, its type or justifying wedge and wedge plate, as the
case may be, is caused to move laterally away from the last type or justifying
wedge and wedge plate, as the case may be, so as to pass by it, and into the line,
and then move laterally up to the side of the last type or wedge and wedge plate,
so as to be out of the way of the next type and wedge or wedge plate delivered.
The air blast and the guiding inclined surfaces 45, 46 assist in returning the
descending type or justifying wedges and plates to their positions, and a greater
lateral range of movement may be given to the type as they descend, while at the
same time they are brought back with more certainty and effectiveness, to place
upon the rest bar, than would be possible were the action of the shoulders alone
relied upon. The shoulder 27 may be of such a depth as to project the type or
wedge and wedge plate diagonally far toward the right hand side of the machine,
but if it strikes anywhere upon the incline 45, it will be directed to the rest plate,
there acted upon by the blast, pushed with certainty to its proper position in the
line of type, and there held until the line is completed.
The releasing of the justifying bars, when required for use, is effected by means
of one of the keys 50 of the key board 137, from which proceeds a circuit to the
battery, and a magnet 131, all of which operate in precisely the same manner
as the keys, circuits, and magnets, for releasing the type bars heretofore
described.
The frame 6, carrying the justifying bars, is so arranged in the supporting
frame 8, that when any one of the justifying bars is released, and allowed to move
forward and downward, its forward end will pass just above the rest bar 74, so that
the projection 83 will come into contact with the rest bar, and arrest the
justifying bar. This will bring the wedge plate 82 and the point of the wedge 79,
into position to form the primary space between any two words.
Located just below the justifying bars, and between the frame 8 and the
rest bar 74, is a thrust plate or bar 90, which extends transversely between the
uprights 3, and is provided with bearings 91, which are arranged to slide on guides
or ways 92, secured to the plates 3 (see Figs. 14, 4, 44, 5 and 6). The guides 92
are curved upward as they approach the rest bar 74, so that as the thrust plate 90

page_text: is moved toward the rest bar, it is raised and brought into position to engage the
shoulders 88 on the wedges of any of the justifying bars which may have been
released and advanced into position in the line. By this means, and by continuing
to advance the thrust plate after it has engaged with the shoulders 88, the
justifying bars may be advanced so as to cause the wedges 79 to move forward
along the inclined faces of the wedge plates 82, the wedge plates being held
stationary by the projections 83, which abut against the rest bar, so as to
bring thicker portions of the wedges 79 between the type, and thus increase
the primary spacing between the words. It is by this means that the justification
of the composed lines is effected, as will be more fully hereinafter explained, when
the operation of the machine is described.
The movement of the thrust plate 90, to push forward the wedges 79, and
its retraction after the justification is completed, are effected automatically by
connections with the secondary shaft 122 (see Fig. 4). These connectious consist
of a pivoted bell crank lever 51, the upper end of which is connected by a link 94
with the thrust plate 90. The lower end of the lever 51 is connected by a
link 52 with a second pivoted lever 53, carrying at its opposite end a
weight 54 (see Fig. 3). This weight, acting through the connections described,
has a tendency to push the thrust plate forward along the guides or ways 92, and
would continually hold it in an advanced position, were it not for a standard 55
projecting downward from the lever 53 on the rearward side of its pivot, and
having, at its lower end, a friction roller resting on a cam 56, fixed upon the
secondary shaft 122. This cam, which is nearly circular in outline, normally
maintains the lever 53 in such a position that the thrust plate 90 is withdrawn to
the rearward position shown in Fig. 4. A portion of the contour cam 56, however,
is recessed or cut away, as shown in Fig. 4, and when this recessed portion comes
under the standard 55, the weighted end of the lever 53 drops the thrust plate 90,
advances under the stress of the weight striking against the shoulders 88, and
carrying with it the several wedges forming a part of the justifying bars which
have been released, and forcing these wedges forward between the type until
the line of type is justified, and firmly wedged against the frame pieces 3, against
which it abuts at cither end.
It will be observed that the action of the weight, in justifying, although
automatic, adapts itself to the size and number of spaces in the composed line.
This automatic adaptation could not be secured if the mechanism for moving the
thrust plate forward was positive in its action, since the extent to which it
is necessary to move the justifying wedges forward, depends upon the number
of the spaces in the particular line of type which has been set up, and the necessary
range of movement of the thrust plate varies in each case and cannot be pre-
determined. The use of a weight, however, or its equivalent, a spring, causes the
justifying wedges to be forced forward in each case until they will penetrate
the line of type no further, or, in other words, until the line is properly justified,
the recess in the cam 56 should be a gradual curve, so that the action of the
thrust plate may not be too sudden, and at its deepest part it should be deep
enough to permit justification of a line containing but one or two spaces.
On the
other hand, this recess should not be deeper than requisite for this purpose, since it
is desirable that the justifying wedges should be checked after a space of proper
width has been secured. Thus, if the line being composed extends only half across
the column, it is not necessary to fill up the remaining half with quads in this
machine, as in others, since the blast masses the type sufficiently, and the advance
of the justifying wedges being limited by the shape of the cam 56 (or other
suitable stops), the half line may be justified and the impression taken as though
the line were full.
As the type drop upon the rest plate, it sometimes happens that they do not
strike with precision the position in which the shoulder 21 rests upon the plate.
On the contrary, the type itself sometimes falls upon the rest plate, in which case
it has been necessary for the operator to push it back by hand. In order to obviate

page_text: this inconvenient necessity, a spring-pressed frame, which is termed a gate, is
introduced between the uprights 3 in the front of the machine. This gate (see
Figs. 3 and 4), which we have designated 57, is suspended pivotally from a rod 58,
supported between the uprights 3, and is pressed inward at its lower end by a
Spring 59. The lower part of the gate consists of a bar 60, parallel with, and
just above the rest bar 74. The tendency to rearward motion of this bar, under
stress of the springs 59, is limited by the stops 61 attached to the gate, which
impinge upon the outer surfaces of the uprights 3, and cause the bar 60 to assume
a position such that its inner face will normally be upon the line of the outer
edges of the type when in position. The type and justifying wedges and wedge
plates, therefore, if they do not strike the rest bar properly as they fall, impinge
against the bar 60, throw it slightly outward against the tension of the springs 59,
and are returned to their proper positions upon the rest bar 74 by the reaction of
the said springs. The operator can at any time pull out the gate to obtain more
ready access to the type upon the rest bar, if this is, for any reason, desirable.
This gate is of particular service in connection with the justifying bars, since these
bars are heavier than the type bars, and fall with greater force. Moreover, the
shock of the fall of the justifying bar, as the projection 83 strikes against the rest
bar, tends to cause the justifying wedge 79 to be pushed forward beyond the wedge
plate, thereby increasing the primary space beyond what it should be. The gate
tends to prevent this undue advance of the justifying wedge, as well as the rising
of the wedge and wedge plate above the rest bar. When the justifying wedges
are thrust forward, however, by the operation of the thrust plate, the spring
mounting of the gate permits it to yield, and it is pushed outward before the
wedges.
It is desirable, in machines of this class, to provide for the insertion, in a
composed line, of characters which are not contained in the machine; for instance,
italics, Greek letters, or other letters or figures which are not frequently required,
double letters, &c., the presence of which in the machine would unduly enlarge and
encumber it. A supply of such characters is therefore provided within easy reach
of the operator, formed upon blanks similar in shape to the type in the machine,
and which can be inserted in the proper place in the line by the operator, as the
composition proceeds, and which will be held in place by the blast, and in contact
with the other types, until the line is aligned and locked, and which may, on the
distribution of the line, be removed by the operator, or automatically fall from the
rest bar into a delivery leading from the machine. Such a type is shown at 256
in Fig. 17. These type are preferably made of such shape that while they will be
held upon the rest bar by the force of the blast and the friction of the adjoining
type, they will fall by their own gravity from the rest bar when these retaining
agencies are removed. It is obvious that such disconnected type may be employed
in connection with any machine of the class referred to, as well as with that
variety of machines to which this invention particularly relates.
The mechanism for aligning and locking the type will now be described.
The alignment is effected by means of an aligning block 96 (see Figs. 4 and 10),
placed horizontally between the uprights 3 of the frame, and fixed upon two
arms 62, each of said arms 62 being pivoted to one of two crank arms 63, fast upon
a rock shaft 64, journalled in the framework. This rock shaft is reciprocated by
means of an arm 65 and a rod 66 pivoted thereto (see Figs. 1 and 10), the lower
end of the rod 66 being provided with a head 67 (shown in broken ines in Fig. 1,
and full lines in Fig. 10), embracing the main shaft 118, and actuated by a cam 68
fast on that shaft. Once in every revolution of this shaft, the projecting portion
of the cam 68 pushes the rod 66 upward in the direction of its length, rocks the
shaft 64, thereby causing the arms 63 to approach the rest bar 74, and push the
aligning block 96 along two guide pieces 69, upon which it rests, attached one to
cach inner face of the uprights 3 (one of these guide pieces is shown in Figs. 4, 5,
and 10), until the aligning block is brought into contact with the rear faces of the
type 4, and the rear faces of the projections 83 of the justifying wedge plates (as

page_text: shown in Fig. 10). The type 4 are thus firmly forced and held against the rest
bar 74. Immediately after the line has been thus aligned, it is locked in position
for the impression by means of an abutment block 103 (see Figs. 14, 34, 4, 5,
aud 10), which is arranged to move vertically in grooves 104 formed in the
uprights 3, and is moved downward to the line of type, and there held, by means
of a crank 109 (see Fig. 10), the shaft 108 of which has rigidly attached to it
two arms 107, at the outer extremitics of which is carried a short shaft 106. upon
which swings a link 105, which is in turn pivotally connected to the abutment
block 103. Motion is automatically given to the crank 109 by a link rod 102,
pivoted at its lower end to an arm 101, fixed upon the shaft 64.
It will be understood that the composing, justifying, aligning, and locking
mechanism described may be used in machines in which the type blocks are cast,
directly from the assembled type, in which case female type will be substituted
for the male type employed for producing matrices in the machine shown herein.
It will be understood also that the mechanism thus far described, including the
impression table, may be employed with matrices of any suitable form, and fed in
any suitable manner, whether independent matrices for each line of type, or matrix
sheets forming several lines of type are employed, and that the printing bars may
be produced from the matrices in the same machine in which they are formed, as
shown herein, or the matrices may be produced in one machine, and the bars cast
in another. The complete organized machine, however, is preferred, in which
separate matrix blanks for each line of type are fed forward to the impressing
mechanism, impressed, and then advanced successively to the casting mechanism,
by which the lines of type are produced, as now to be described.
The devices for feeding the matrix blanks will next be described, reference
being had particularly to Figs. 1, 3, 5, 6 and 8. The blanks are placed, for
convenient delivery to the machine, in an inclined galley 70, placed at the right
hand side of the machine, the upper portion 71 of which is detachable, and is
provided with spring lugs 72, which, when the detachable part of the galley is
separate from the machine, are pressed inward by the springs, and prevent the
blanks from dropping out, but when the detachable portion 71 is placed in position,
the lugs 72 are forced outward by the inclines 73 on the fixed portion 70 of the
galley, so that they do not interfere with the downward movement of the blanks 110.
The lower end of the removable part 71 of the galley may be held in place by a
tenon 249 (shown in full lines in Fig. 1, and in broken lines in Fig. 6), which
enters a recess formed in the bracket which supports the fixed part of the galley.
At the lower end of the galley is a horizontal runway 77, adapted to receive a
line of abutting blanks, and to conduct them through the right hand upright 3 to
the table 111, where they are received, when the table is in its depressed position,
in a continuation of the runway formed by two cleats 76 fixed upon the top of
the table (see Fig. 5). The matrix blank is supported upon the impression
table 111, and held thereon by the cleats 76, while the impression is being taken
from the assembled, justified, and locked line of type, the table being forced up
for this purpose by the action of the devices shown in Fig. 9, which have already
been described. The runway 77 is continued beyond the impression table,
through the left hand upright 3, to the casting mechanism. The matrix blanks
are caused to pass automatically from the galley 70, 71, through the runway 77,
to the impression table, and this movement is effected (see Figs. 3, 6, and 8) by a
plunger 11 fitting and running in the channel 77, to which motion is given by a
lever 18 pivoted to the framework, the upper end of which lever is pivotally
connected by a link 20 with the plunger, and the lower end of which is controlled
by an open cam 22, fixed on the secondary shaft 122, against which the end of the
lever is held by a spring 23. A closed cam may be substituted for the open cam
and spring, if desired. During part of cach revolution of the shaft 122, the cam 22
permits the lower end of the lever 18 to be retracted, thereby withdrawing the
plunger 11 to the right of the lower end of the galley 70. A matrix blank is then
forced down by gravity into the runway 77. The continued revolution of the

page_text: As
shaft 122 causes the projecting portion of the cam 22 to act upon the lower end of
the lever 18, forcing the plunger 11 forward in the runway 77 a distance equal to
the length of a blank, and with it the line of matrix blanks in the runway.
each blank receives its impression, it is forced off from and beyond the impression
table, until it is received in a groove 80 formed in the face of a reciprocating
cylindrical holder 89, where it remains while the operation of casting the printing
bars is performed.
The runway, and the step by step movement for transferring the abutting line of
blanks through the machine, is, as has been suggested, an important part of this
invention. It will be noticed that its successful operation requires that each
operation of the plunger should move the line of blanks forward a distance equal
to the length of one blank, and that the impression table and cylindrical holder
should exactly register with one or more of the blanks, in order that they remove
them from and return them to the line without disturbing other blanks in the line.
Also, the movements of the impression table and the holder must be so timed as to
occur between successive movements of the plunger. The present invention is not
limited to the use of the mechanism described for the transfer of matrix blanks
only. It is obvious that the same devices might be used to transfer printing bars,
or for other purposes, in machines differently organized.
It is necessary to provide for a slight irregularity in the size of the blocks, after
they have received the impression, since the pressure to which they are subjected
has a tendency to broaden them slightly, varying in different blocks according to the
material of which the blocks are made, and also according to the varying density of
different blocks of the same material. It is necessary that the block, when in the
holder 89, should be firmly held, and in such a position that the line of type impressed
in it will be presented exactly to the centre of the mould. If the runway in the
holder were merely made a little wider than the width of a block before the
impression, the block would be held loosely in the holder, and the position of
different blocks might vary somewhat. To meet these requirements, a spring 250
is inserted (see Fig. 27) in that part of the runway opposite to the casting mould,
the yield of which gives a variable width to the runway at that point, and holds
the block from which the casting is taken firmly against the rear face of the run-
way.
Before taking up the mechanism employed in casting the printing-bars, the
operation of the mechanism thus far described will be reviewed. The keys 50,
corresponding to the various letters and characters, will be pressed inward by the
operator in the order requisite to release the type-bars carrying the desired letters
and characters. As each key is actuated, the circuit to the corresponding magnet 131
is closed, the corresponding delivery-shaft is rocked, so as to cause its releasing-
pin 32 to bear upon the proper detent and release the required type-bar. At
suitable intervals, the operator will press the key controlling the escapement
magnet 41, so as to maintain the proper movement of the frame carrying the delivery-
shafts toward the right hand side of the machine as the composition of the line of
type progresses. At each point in the line where a space is required to be inserted
between two type, the key which operates the delivery-shaft 31 for releasing the
justifying-bars will be rocked through the proper key and circuit connections,
thereby releasing one of the justifying-bars, and allowing it to move forward and
downward until it is arrested by the projection 83 coming into contact with the
rest-bar 74. The justifying-bar which is released will, by this means, be arrested
in such position that the wedge-plate 82 and the point of its justifying-wedge 79
will be inserted between two adjoining type (see Figure 6), and will thus form the
primary space, corresponding to the primary space always inserted at a corresponding
point in the line by the compositor in ordinary type composition. It will be
observed (see Figure 5) that the thrust-plate 90 is so arranged that when in its
retracted position the projections 83 and the shoulders 88 of the justifying-bars can
pass forward above it, and also that the parts are so arranged that when the
justifying bars are advanced so as to bring their projections 83 against the rest bar,

page_text: the shoulders 88 will be carried to a position in advance of the thrust-plate. The
projections 83, as has been explained, are upon the wedge-plates 2, which plates
are not connected rigidly to the justifying-bars, but to the tongue-pieces 81, which
slide freely in the channels 78 in the sides of said justifying-bars. This being the
case, it might sometimes happen that the momentum acquired by the justifying-bars,
in moving forward and downward after they were released, would be sufficient to
overcome the friction between the justifying-bars and the wedge-plates 82 and their
tongue-pieces 81, and thus cause the justifying-bars, when the plates 82 were
arrested, to move forward slightly, thus causing the justifying-wedges 79 to move
along the wedge-plates before they were brought to rest. This, if it should occur,
would bring thicker portions of the wedges 79 to bear against the plates 82,
and would thus increase the primary spacing beyond what is desirable or necessary and
would also tend to make the spacing irregular. This, however, is prevented by the
spring pressure of the tongue-pieces 81 against the cap-plates 87, which cause the
plates 82 and the tongue-pieces 81 to adhere to the spreading-bars, and also by
the contact of the forward end of the wedges and wedge-plates with the gate, as
above stated. The keys 50 having been operated until the complete line of type
has been assembled on the rest-bar 74, with one of the justifying-bars inserted at
each point where a space is required, as just stated, it will be found that in nearly
every case the line thus composed will not be of exactly the proper length.
In order,
therefore, to make the line of the proper length, it is necessary to justify it by
increasing the spacing between the words, and, as before explained, it is important
that in increasing the primary spacing, to effect the justification, the increase in
spacing should be uniformly distributed throughout the line, that is to say, it is
important that cach space in the line should be increased to the same or substantially
the same extent. This increase in the spacing, to effect the justification, is
accomplished by means of the wedges 79 carried by the justifying-bars. This is
accomplished automatically, the operator throwing on the clutch so that the main
shaft 118 will be caused to revolve. The weight 55 causes the forward.end of the
lever 53 to drop, when permitted so to do, by the recess in cam 56, and the thrust-
plate 90 is advanced and forced against the shoulders 88 of those justifying-bars
which have been released and advanced. As soon as pressure is thus applied to the
shoulders 88, the justifying-bars will be advanced so as to move the wedges 79 along
the wedge-plates 82. As the wedges are thus advanced, the inclined sides of the
wedges, acting upon the inclined sides of the wedge-plates 82, will force the outside
faces of the two apart, thereby increasing the primary spacing of the line, to effect
the justification. It will be observed, that in this operation the outer faces of the
wedges 79 and wedge-plates 82 remain parallel to each other, so that there is no
tendency to twist or distort the type to the line. It will also be observed that the
thrust-plate 90 acts upon all of the justifying-bars alike, thereby moving all of the
wedges 79 exactly the same distance, so that each primary space is increased to
the same extent, thereby leaving the spacing uniform after the justification. The
weight continues to force the justifying-wedges forward until, in ordinary cases,
the line of type is firmly wedged against the frame on either side of the composing
space, and the wedges can advance no further; or, where the line is only partly
filled with type, until the standard 55 reaches the bottom of the recess in cam 56.
By this means the justification of the composed line is effected automatically,
quickly, and perfectly.
The further revolution of the main shaft, operating through cam 68, shaft 64,
and, the connecting rods, causes the aligning block 96 and the abutment block 103
to advance to the line of type, and lock them against the rest-bar 74, where they
are held while the further revolution of the main shaft, operating through the crank
arın 128, pin 127, lever 117, and the connecting rods, moves the impression-table
vertically, forcing the matrix blank against the faces of the type, and securing an
impression. Further revolution of the main shaft withdraws the aligning and
abutment blocks, leaving the type and justifying-bars free for distribution, which is
effected during each revolution, by the action of the cam 161, rock shaft 246,

page_text: arms 146, carriers 142, and the connecting mechanism. The type having been
distributed, the machine comes to a stop, not to start until the clutch is again thrown;
the operator returns the frame carrying the magnets and delivery-bars to its left
hand position, using for that purpose lever 43, and the machine is ready for
composing another line of type.
While the operations above followed have been in progress, a matrix block, before
imprinted, has been forced on by the plunger 11, actuated from cam 22, through the
runway 77, to the reciprocating holder 89, which presents the block to the
mechanism which effects the operation of casting the printing-bars, (see Fig. 8).
The devices concerned in this operation, and that of assembling the printing-bars in
a galley, will now be described.
These parts of the machine are shown in Figures 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 28 and 29. The
matrix block, on being forced through the left hand upright 3 by the operation of
the plunger 11, enters a groove 80 formed on the flat face of a partially cylindrical,
reciprocating holder 89, mounted and adapted to revolve in circular openings in two
uprights 95, 97, attached to the bed plate 1, on its left hand side. This holder
projects to the left of the upright 95, and has on its outer end a slotted projection 24,
connected by a link 98 and wrist-pin 100 with a bell-crank lever 113, pivotted to
the frame of the machine. The lower end of the bell-crank-lever 113 carries a
pin 114, which is received in a slot in the end of an arm 115, fast upon a rod 116,
which has at its lower end a hollow cam block 165, adapted to be vertically
reciprocated by a cam 166, mounted upon the secondary shaft 122. Once in each
revolution of the secondary shaft, the upward movement of the rod 116, operating
through the connections heretofore described, will cause the holder 89 to revolve
rearwardly in its bearings (see Figure 2), until it assuines the position shown in
Figure 29.
The mould in which the printing-bar is cast, is an oblong opening 168, cut
transversely and centrally in a plate 167, and provided with projecting lips 241,
242 (sec Figures 28 and 29). This mould plate 167 (shewn detached at Fig. 3,
and in Figure 8) has across its top and bottom two bars 169, 170, the ends of
which enter and inove in L-shaped guide-slots 171 and 172, formed in the two
uprights 95, 97, adapted to guide the mould-plate 167 in a vertical and short
horizontal movement. The mould-plate is suspended, and its motion directed in
these slots 171, 172, by a bar 173, attached at one end by a ball and socket joint
to the upper edge of the mould-plate, and at the other end by a like joint to a
lever 232, pivoted to the upright 95, the other end of this lever 232 being pivoted
to the upper end of the rod 116, (as best shewn in Figure 8). The vertical
portions of the slots 171, 172 are of a length equal to the vertical throw of the
cam 166; so that the vertical reciprocation of the rod 116 will cause the mould-
plate to reciprocate between the top and bottom of these slots. A rest bar 233, its
top on a level with the bottoms of the guide-slots 172, is supported between the
uprights 95, 97, and partially relieves the bottoms of the slots from the blow of the
descending mould-plate. The arms 174, 175, attached to two rock shafts 234, 235,
journalled in the uprights 95, 97, and given a spring push toward the rear by a
spring 176, attached at each end to arms 236, 237 fixed upon shafts 234, 235, bear
upon the mould-plate when in its lower position, and tend to push it backward.
Immediately to the rear of the mould-plate (see particularly Figure 7), is the
casting-box 178, in which the type metal for the printing bars is melted, and from
which it is forced into the mould. The casting-box has a fire chamber 179 in its
lower part, just above which is the melting-pot 180, through which pass
chimneys 181 for the escape of the products of combustion. A further chimney 182
passes out and up along the front of the box, being thus located for a purpose
which will be hereinafter stated. Centrally in the forward end of the casting-box
is a pump cylinder 183, for forcing the metal from the box into the mould.
This cylinder connects by means of apertures 184, near its base, with the interior
of the melting-pot 180, and by means of a passage-way 185, with a series of small

page_text: circular openings 186, arranged near the top of the forward end of the box in a
transverse line about equal in length to the printing-bar. The pump piston 187
is connected by a pump rod 188, secured to it by a ball and socket joint, with a
lever 189, pivoted to an upright 177 fixed to and moving with the casting-box.
The outer end of the lever 189 is pivoted to a rod 190, which has pivoted to its
lower end, a pin 238, held vertically in openings in cars 239, 240 of bracket 193,
(see Figures 2 and 3). To the pin 238 is fixed an arm 191, which lies in the path
of a cam 192, fixed to the secondary shaft 122. The lower part of the rod 190,
and the parts 191, 192, 238, 239, 240, are shown in broken lines in Figure 2. The
cars 239, 240 serve to hold the arm 191 in the path of its cam, and the pivoted
connection of pin 238 and rod 190 permits these connections to follow the casting-
box in its reciprocations hereinafter referred to. A weight 194, fixed upon an
upward prolongation of the pump rod 188, presses the pump piston downward, and
is resisted by the pressure of the outer end of the arm 191 against the cam 192.
A notch in this cam once during each revolution permits the upward movement of
the arm 191, and consequently the downward movement of the piston, sufficiently
to force the molten metal from the casting box, and through the openings 186. The
casting box may be heated in any suitable manner, but preferably by means of a
jet 196, to which mixed air and gas is supplied through flexible connections. The
chimney 182, passing up just outside of the vent openings 185, aids in maintaining
the high temperature of the molten metal up to the time when it passes out of the
casting box. A horizontal reciprocation is given to the casting box by means of
a lever 197, pivoted in the frame of the machine, and attached at its upper end by
a slot and pivot to a lug 198, projecting downward from the bottom of the casting
box. The lower end of this lever is acted upon by an enclosed cam 199, mounted
upon the secondary shaft 122, a reciprocation being given thereby to the casting
box once in every revolution of the secondary shaft (see Figure 7). The rear
surface of the mould plate 167, as it moves vertically, is in contact with a block 200,
connecting the two uprights 95, 97. To the lower forward portion of this block is
attached a knife 201, the edge of which is horizontal, and is also in contact with
the rear surface of the mould plate as the latter moves vertically. Fitted in a
horizontal slot in the block 200, is a plunger 209, connected by a link 202, lever 203,
and rod 204, with cam toes 205, operated upon by crank pin 206 fixed to crank
arm 207 of the main shaft 118. These cam tocs and crank serve, through the
connections mentioned, to reciprocate the plunger 209 once during each revolution
of the main shaft, thereby forcing the printing bar from the mould as will be
hereafter described.
In order to prevent the printing bar from being drawn backward in the mould,
upon the retreat of the casting box, the mould is provided with two or more pro-
jecting ribs 258 (see Figs. 29 and 3), extending part way through the mould from
the rear end, which will form intaglio grooves in the printing bar. The forward
ends of the ribs being in contact with the metal of the printing bar, will prevent
backward motion of printing bar, but will not interfere with the forward motion of
the bar under the push of the plunger.
The operation of the printing-bar casting mechanism will now be reviewed.-It
is assumed that the melting pot contains a supply of molten type metal at such a
temperature as to flow freely. A matrix block having been forced, as heretofore
described, into the channel 80 in the face of the holder 89, and having been pushed
to a position directly in front of the mould, the holder 89 is caused, by its con-
nections with cam 166, to move backwards to the position shewn in Figure 29, and
simultaneously the mould plate 167, by its connections with the same cam, is
caused to descend to the lower limit of its reciprocation. At the same moment,
the mould box is pushed forward by the action of the cam 199, and coming in
contact with and pressing against the rear surface of the mould plate 167, pushes
it forward, the ends of the bars 169, 170 moving in the horizontal portions of the
slots 171, 172, until the projecting lips 241 and 242 come into contact with, and are
J

page_text: forced against the matrix block, the parts then assuming the position shewn in
Figure 29. The recess 195 in the cam 192 now permits the pump to operate and
force the molten metal into the mould 168. The parts remain in the position shewn
in Figure 29 until the cam path of the cam 199 begins to cause the retreat of
the casting box. Simultaneously, the mould plate is caused, by the pressure of the
spring 176, to move backward as far as permitted by slots 171, 172. Having
reached its backward limit of motion, its rear surface rests against the knife 201.
The cam 166 now begins to cause the ascent of the mould plate, and as the latter
moves upward, the rear face of the printing bar is trimmed by the knife 201,
any projecting fragments of metal being cut away and a smooth flat surface left.
The upward motion of the mould plate continues until it assumes the position
shewn in Fig. 31. The plunger 209 is now forced forward by its crank pin 202,
and pushes the printing bar out of the mould, causing it to fall upon the incline 210.
Meanwhile, the holder 89, carrying the matrix block just used, has been caused to
turn forwards to the position shewn in Figure 28.
The mechanism for ejecting the matrix blocks, after use, and its operations
will now be described. The holder 89, being in the position last mentioned, the
plunger 11 is caused by its cam to move to the left, and carries with it the line of
matrix blocks. Those blocks which have been used are forced on beyond the
mould plate until they strike the incline face of a lug 211 fixed to the face of the
holder 89, and by this incline, and a spring 212 placed in line with it, the block is
diverted downward and forward into the funnel shaped receiver 213 of a delivery
pipe 214 (see Figure 3). To cause the blocks to take a position parallel with
respect to the delivery pipe as they enter it, and thus prevent clogging of the pipe,
a spring catch (see Figures 2, 2B, and 2") is arranged in the receiver, consisting of
a plate 215, placed transversely, and projecting upward through a slot, as shewn
in Figures 2 and 2°. This plate is held in its position by a catch 216, which
passes through an opening in the plate, in which it is free to move laterally, and
which is doubly pivoted to the receiver, so that it may move both vertically and
sidewise. This catch 216 is caused to normally maintain the position shewn in full
lines in Figure 2B by a spring 217. A second spring 218 causes the catch to be
normally pushed upward, so that the plate 215 will project above the bottom of
the receiver. The rear end of the catch 216 is bent downward and bevelled as
shown in Fig. 2. The holder 89 is provided with a pin 219, which, as the holder
reciprocates from the position shown in Figure 29 to the position shewn in
Figure 2, comes in contact with the upper part of the rear end of the catch 216,
and moves it downward, so that the block resting on the inclined receiver 213
against the upper part of the plate 215, will be free to move downward. One end
of the block, however, is arrested by a pin 220, so that the block acquires a position
parallel with the delivery pipe, and in this position enters the pipe. The pin 219,
having forced downward the catch 216, passes over it, and upon the return move-
ment of the holder 89, the pin 219 strikes the incline or bevel of the catch 216,
and pushing it aside to the position shewn in broken lines in Figure 2B, rises
above it.
The mechanism for receiving the printing bars and arranging them in the galley,
will now be described. The incline 210 has, near its lower end, a pivoted leaf 221,.
provided with a shoulder 231, and connecced by a link 222 with a leaf 223, pivoted
to the printing bar galley 224. The plate 223 has bolted to it a bracket 225, the
upper part of which is cut away so as to form a fork, as shewn in Figures 3 and 29,
which fork straddles the link 22. The free end of the bracket 225 is connected
by a link 226 with one end of a bell-crank-lever 227, provided with a slot which
engages with a pin 228 upon the arm 115. The galley 224 is provided at its rear
end with spring catches 229 (see Figs. 6 and 29), for catching and holding the
printing bars as they are presented. The weight 230, free to move in the galley,
in advance of the printing bars, serves to keep them upright.
The operation of this mechanism is as follows:-The printing bar which is

page_text: illustrated in edge front view in Figure 32 and in section in Figure 33, is delivered
by the plunger 209 to the incline 210 with its face or type carrying edge down-
ward. It is caused by gravity to descend the incline 210, until it rests at the
bottom of the incline against the shoulder 231 of the pivoted leaf 221, and rests
there until the descent of the mould plate and the simultaneous ascent of the
rod 116, when the mechanism connecting the rod 116 with the pivoted leaves 221
and 223 is operated, causing leaf 221 to rise to the position shown in Figure 29,
and leaf 223 to descend to the position shewn in the same figure, whereupon the
printing bar falls forward upon the pivoted plate 223,-its face being toward the
rear of the machine. Upon the next descent of the rod 116, the operation is
reversed the leaf 222 rises to the position shewn in Figure 28, introducing the
type bar which it carries with its type carrying edge upward into the galley,
forcing the spring catches 229 apart for that purpose.
The catches 229 close
behind the printing bar thus introduced (see Figure 6), and hold it in the galley,
and the leaf 221 drops to the position shewn in Figure 29.
It will be noted that the use of two leaves 221 and 223 enables the position of
the printing bar to be reversed and the bar to be delivered face up to the galley.
If it is not desired to reverse the bars, they may be delivered directly to the galley
by the first leaf. Again, the incline may be dispensed with, and the bar received
directly upon the first leaf.
While the several parts of the invention are shewn as collected and combined in
a single machine, the invention is not limited to their use in combination only.
Many of these parts may be used by themselves, and all of them may be used in
machines differing in other respects from that herein described. The mechanism
described for casting printing bars may be used independently of the rest of the
machine, or in connection with it as shown.
All the features of this mechanism, and of the mechanism for galleying the
printing bars, are intended to be claimed without reference to the construction of
that part of the machine employed in giving the impression to the matrix blank.
Under the term "justifier," as used in the claims, is included the wedge and
wedge plate hereinbefore described, and also any other justifying devices capable of
use in machines of the class referred to. In claiming the means for operating
automatically the justifying wedges, the invention is not restricted to the particular
form or construction of wedges which is shewn, but includes the operating devices
broadly, so far as they are applicable to justifiers of any construction. In general,
it is not intended, with regard to any part of the present invention, to limit the
invention to the exact construction of the devices shewn, but to claim the benefit of
all equivalents thereof.
It has been proposed to mount the wedges and wedge plates in justifying
mechanisms similar to that shewn, separately from each other, and to advance either
the plates or the wedges, or both, in justification, and such a construction and
operation of the wedges and wedge plates are intended to be embraced within those
claims which refer to the actuation of justifiers and wedges.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to me from
abroad, declare that what I claim is :-
1. The combination of the type and type bars arranged in sets of different
characters, a single delivery mechanism for each set of type, and keys, electro-
magnets, and circuit connections between the magnets and keys for controlling the
delivery mechanism, to deliver selected type, substantially as described.
2. The combination of the type and type bars, arranged in sets of different
characters, guides in which the bars are adapted to move under the influence of
gravity, or an equivalent force, detents for holding the bars in said guides at
suitable distances from the composing space, a single delivery mechanism for each
set of type for controlling the detents to release selected type, and keys, electro-

page_text: magnets, and circuit connections between the magnets and keys, for controlling the
delivery mechanisms, substantially as described.
3. The combination of the type and type bars arranged in sets of different
characters, and so held that the type are normally at suitable distances from the
composing space, a carriage, and mechanism for causing the carriage to move
longitudinally of the line of type, as the composition of the line proceeds, a single
delivery mechanism for each set of type moving with the carriage, and controlling
the positions of the bars and keys, electro-magnets and circuit connections between
the magnets and keys, for controlling the delivery mechanisms, substantially as
described.
4. The combination of the type and type bars, or justifiers and justifying bars,
arranged in sets transversely of the machine, mechanism for effecting the release of
selected type or justifiers, a carriage with which the releasing mechanism moves,
keys carried by a fixed part of the machine, electro-magnets and circuit connections
between the magnets and keys for controlling the releasing mechanism, and
mechanism for controlling the movement of the carriage longitudinally of the line
of type, as the composition of the line proceeds, substantially as described.
5. The combination of the type and type bars, or justifiers and justifying bars,
arranged in sets transversely of the machine, the delivery shafts 31 for controlling
the bars, the carriage on which the delivery shafts are carried, keys, electro-
magnets and circuit connections between the magnets and keys, for operating the
delivery shafts from a fixed part of the machine, and the electro-magnet 41 and
circuit connections for controlling the movement of the carriage, substantially as
described.
6. The combination with the type bars or justifying bars, of the delivery
shafts 31, electro-magnets 131, carriage 132, 133, carrying said shafts and magnets,
keys on a fixed part of the machine, and circuit connections between the magnets
and keys, substantially as described.
7. The combination of the type bars or justifying bars, a carriage, delivery
mechanism for the bars moving with the carriage, mechanism for moving the
carriage, a magnet as 41, and circuit connections for controlling the carriage
moving mechanism from a fixed part of the machine, substantially as described.
8. The combination of the type or justifying bars, delivery shafts, a balanced
carriage for said delivery shafts, electro-magnets mounted on said carriage, for
operating the delivery shafts, some of said electro-magnets being on each side of
the carriage, and mechanism for moving said carriage laterally, substantially as
described.
9. The combination of the type or justifiers, bars to which they are attached,
said bars being arranged in rows, a movable carriage having bearings on both sides
of said bars, a set of keys carried on a fixed part of the machine, and mechanism
connected with the keys and moving with the carriage, for releasing the bars of
selected type or justifiers, substantially as described.
10. The combination of a row of type and type bars, said row containing two or
more sets of bars, carrying different characters, delivery mechanisms, one for each
set of bars, series of keys, and connections between said keys and delivery
mechanisms, for operating the delivery mechanisms, to release selected bars, sub-
stantially as described.
11. The combination of a row of type and type bars, said row containing two or
more sets bars carrying different characters, delivery mechanisms, one for each set
of bars, and electro-magnetic devices for controlling the delivery mechanism, to
release selected bars, substantially as described.
12. The combination of a supporting frame, a rest bar, series of type and type
bars mounted in said frame radially to the rest bar, series of stops holding the type
bars in position above said rest bar, and a series of delivery shafts carrying
releasing pins or projections, adapted to release the stops, and thereby admit of the
delivery of the type upon the rest bar, substantially as described.

page_text: 13. The combination of a fixed frame, a supporting frame pivoted thereto, a
series of type bar frames, each secured removably in the supporting frame, and
rows of detachable type bars in said type bar frames, substantially as described.
14. The combination of a supporting frame and a series of type bar frames, each
secured removably in the supporting frame, and carrying rows of detachable type
bars, substantially as described.
15. The combination with two parallel vertical frame plates, of a series of
radially disposed type bar frames interposed between, and supported by the said
frame plates, substantially as described.
16. The combination of a series of radially disposed type bar frames, each
provided with suitable grooves or ways for type bars contained in the said frames,
and travelling in the grooves or ways, substantially as described.
17. The combination of a type bar frame provided with a series of guide pins
directing the traverse of the series of type bars, and a series of spring-pressed stop
levers carried by transverse shafts journalled in the frame, and pressing against the
type bars inserted between the guide pins, substantially as described.
18. The combination of a supporting frame and a series of type bar frames
mounted therein, each supporting a series of type bars, the type bars of the
alternate type bar frames lying in vertical planes located between the vertical
planes of the type bars of the adjacent type bar frames, substantially as described.
19. A flexible metal type or justifier bar, laterally bent or offsetted at two points
in its length, substantially as described.
20. The combination with a type bar frame having series of guide pins, of flexible
metal type bars sliding between said pins, and laterally bent or offsetted at two
points in their length, substantially as described.
21. The combination of the type or justifiers and means for assembling them in
line, flexible bars to which the type or justifiers are attached, and a blast for
forcing the type together and holding them in place in the line, substantially as
described.
22. The combination of the type or justifiers and bars therefor, mechanism for
causing the bars, as they are advanced, to take an oblique course, so as to avoid
other type and type bars, and a blast for forcing them back into their proper
positions in the line, substantially as described.
23. The combination of the type and type bars, guides between which the bars
move, said bars being bent laterally so as to acquire an oblique direction of motion,
as they advance between the guides, and a blast for returning the type to their
proper position in the line, substantially as described.
24. The combination of type or justifiers, and mechanism for assembling them in
line, and a double blast for holding the type or justifiers in place in the composing
space, one part of said blast descending obliquely upon the type from a vent
somewhat above the same, substantially as described.
25. The combination with the type, and means for assembling them in line, of
extra separate type adapted to be inserted independently of the machine in the line
being composed, and free to fall out of the line when pressure upon it is released,
and a blast for holding the extra type in position during composition, substantially
as described.
26. The combination of justifying wedges having shoulders, and a thrust plate
engaging the shoulders, substantially as described.
27. The combination with rest bar 74, of the wedge plates 82, having the
projections 83 engaging said rest bar, and the justifying wedges 79, substantially as
described.
28. The combination with rest bar 74, of the wedge plates 82 having the
projections 83 engaging said rest bar, justifying wedges 79 having shoulders 88, and
the thrust plate 90, substantially as described.
29. The combination with rest bar 74, of the type, and means for assembling
them in line upon the rest bar, the justifying bars 75, having justifying wedges 79,

page_text: and shoulders 88, the wedge plates having tongue pieces 81, and projections 83, and•
the thrust plate 90, substantially as described.
30. The combination with a justifier made in two parts adapted to move
longitudinally of each other, of a leaf 245, carried by one part and overlapping the
other part, for preventing interference with contiguous type or justifying bars,
substantially as described.
31. The combination of a type or justifier mechanism for causing the type or
justifier to come to the composing space, a bar for supporting the type in the
impression position, and a yielding gate engaged by the advancing type or justifier,
and operating to adjust the type on the rest bar, substantially as described.
32. The combination of a type or justifier, mechanism for causing the type or
justifier to come to the composing space, a rest bar for supporting the type in the
impression position, and a spring gate engaged by the advancing type or justifier,
and operating to adjust the type on the rest bar, substantially as described."
33. The combination of a type or justifier, mechanism for causing the type or
justifier to come to the composing space, a rest bar for supporting the type in the
impression, position, and a swinging gate engaged by the advancing type or
justifier, and operating to adjust the type on the rest bar, substantially as
described.
34. The combination of a justifier in two parts, mechanism for causing it to come
to the composing space, mechanism for causing one of the parts to move with
reference to the other, to effect justification, and a yielding gate engaged by the
justifier as it comes to the composing space, and operating to adjust the entire
justifier, while permitting movement of one of the parts thereof, substantially as
described.
35. The combination of type, and means for assembling them in line, a blast, and
an alarm brought into operation by the blast, when the line is composed, sub-
stantially as described.
36. The combination of type and mechanism for assembling them in line, a blast
operating upon the type as they come into line, a shunt for said blast, into which
the same is diverted, as the line becomes full, and an alarm mechanism connected
with the shunt, and adapted to be operated by the diverted blast, substantially as
described.
37. A type having abutment faces in its upper side, parallel to its type face, two
parallel locking faces at the ends, and perpendicular to its type face, and a resting
face parallel to its top and bottom faces, at the top of each of its locking faces,
substantially as described.
38. The combination of the type, a rest bar in the composing space supporting
the type, means for assembling the type in line upon the rest bar, an aligning block,
and mechanism for advancing said block, so that it shall bear against and align
the type assembled upon said rest bar in the composing space, substantially as
described.
39. The combination of the type, means for assembling them in line, the aligning
block 96, guides for the same, rock shaft 64, having one or more arms on which the
aligning block is pivotally mounted, and means for actuating said rock shaft,
whereby the type are clainped against a fixed part of the machine, and aligned,
substantially as described.
40. The combination of the type, a rest bar, means for assembling the type upon
the rest bar, the aligning block 96, the abutment block 103, the power shafting, and
connections between the aligning and abutment blocks, and the shafting for causing
said blocks to advance upon the assembled type, and respectively align and lock
them against the rest bar during a portion of the revolution of the power shaft,
substantially as described.
41. The combination of a supporting frame, a rest bar, a series of rows of type
and justifier bars, arranged radially to the rest bar, a locking abutment movable
toward and from the line of type assembled upon said rest bar, an impression plate

page_text: adapted to support a matrix, and moving in fixed guides in a plane perpendicular
to the faces of the type, and mechanism for producing an impression in a matrix
blank, by moving the same perpendicularly to, and against the faces of the type,
substantially as described.
42. The combination of the impression table 111, the lever 117, the swinging
link 123, the power shaft 118, and connections between the power shaft and
lever 117, substantially as described.
43. The combination of the type or justifiers, and means for assembling them in
line, mechanism for distributing the type or justifiers, a power shaft, connections
between the power shaft and type distributing mechanism, whereby the latter is
caused to be operated at a certain point in the revolution of the shaft, and means
independent of the power shaft, whereby the distributing mechanism may be
operated at will, substantially as described.
44. The combination of the type or justifiers, and means for assembling them in
line, mechanism for distributing the type or justifiers, a power shaft, connections
between the distributing mechanism and the power shaft, whereby the type or
justifiers are caused to be distributed at a certain point in the revolution of the
shaft, and means for interrupting said connections at the will of the operator, so
that the power shaft may revolve without causing distribution, substantially as
described.
45. The combination of a segmental supporting frame, a series of rows of type
and type bars arranged radially to a common line of delivery, a series of transverse
lifter bars sliding in grooves in said supporting frame, and engaging said bars, a
pair of lifter-bar-carriers having segmental slots in which the ends of the lifter bars
are fitted to move freely, and means for raising and lowering said lifter bar carriers,
to distribute the type, substantially as described.
46. The combination of the lifter bar carriers 142, power shaft 118, cam 161, or
its equivalent, connections between said shaft and cam and lifter bar carriers, and
hand lever 162 for operating the carriers independently of the shaft, substantially
as described.
47. The combination of the type and a type bar for each type, means for
assembling the type in line, justifying wedges attached to reciprocating bars,
mechanism for causing said bars to reciprocate, in the direction of their length, to
and from the line of type, mechanism for advancing the justifying wedges to effect
justification, a power shaft, and connections between the power shaft and the
justifying mechanism, whereby the latter is operated automatically, and at recurring
intervals, substantially as described.
48. The combination of the type, a type bar for each type, means for assembling
the type in line, justifying wedges, means for causing the justifying wedges to
assume their proper positions in the line of type, mechanism for causing the advance
of the justifying wedges between the type, to effect the justification, and other
mechanism for producing the matrix, said justifying and matrix-making mechanism
being connected with the shafting of the machine, so that they are actuated
automatically and at recurring intervals, substantially as described.
49. The combination of type, a type bar for each type, means for assembling the
type in line, justifying wedges, means for causing the justifying wedges to assume
their proper positions in the line of type, mechanism for causing the advance of the
justifying wedges between the type, to effect the justification, mechanism for locking
the justified line of type, and other mechanism for producing the matrix, said
justifying, locking and matrix-making mechanism, being all connected with the
shafting of the machine, so that they are actuated, and at recurring intervals,
substantially as described.
50. The combination of the type, and a type bar for each type, means for
assembling the type in line, justifying wedges, means for causing the justifying
wedges to assume their proper positions in the line of type, mechanism for causing
the advance of the justifying wedges between the type, to effect the justification,

page_text: mechanism for locking the justified line of type, mechanism for producing an impres-
sion upon a matrix blank, and mechanism for feeding the matrix blanks to and
from the position in which they are impressed, said justifying, locking, impressing,
and feeding mechanism, being all connected with the shafting of the machine, so
that they are actuated automatically, and at recurring intervals, substantially as
described.
51. The combination of the type and a type bar for each type, means for
assembling and locking the type in line, an impression table, a normally rotating
power shaft, from which other parts of the machine are driven, and connections
between the table and the shaft, whereby the former is automatically advanced at
recurring intervals, as the shaft revolves, substantially as described.
52. The combination of the type and a type bar for each type, mechanism for
causing the type bars to advance longitudinally until the selected type are assembled
in line, mechanism for justifying the assembled type, mechanism for locking them
in position, mechanism for advancing the impression table, mechanism for retracting
the type bars to distribute the type, and a power shaft, said justifying, locking,
impressing, and distributing mechanism, being connected with the power shaft, so
as to be actuated at recurring intervals, as the shaft revolves substantially as
described.
53. The combination of means for assembling a line of type in position to make
an impression, mechanism for producing a matrix bearing the impression of
the type, and means for casting a printing bar from the matrix, substantially as
described.
54. The combination of means for assembling a line of type in position to make
an impression, mechanism for producing a matrix bearing the impression of
the type, means for casting a printing bar from the matrix, and mechanism
for transferring the completed matrix to the casting mechanism, substantially as
described.
55. The combination of means for assembling a line of type in position to make
an impression upon a matrix, a series of impressionable matrix blanks, and
means for casting printing bars from the impressed matrices, substantially as
described.
56. The combination of an assembled line of type, an impressionable matrix
blank, mechanism for presenting the matrix blank to the type, to receive an
impression therefrom, means for casting a printing bar from the impressed matrix,
and mechanism for transferring the matrix from the impressing mechanism to the
casting mechanism, substantially as described.
57. The combination of mechanism for impressing a matrix, mechanism for
casting a printing bar therefrom, and mechanism for transferring the matrix from
the matrix-making to the casting mechanism, substantially as described.
58. The combination of mechanism for impressing a matrix, mechanism for casting
a printing bar therefrom, a run-way, a line of matrix blocks, and a plunger for
forcing the blocks through the runway, substantially as described.
59. The combination of the type, and mechanism for assembling them in line,
mechanism for justifying the type, mechanism for locking them in position,
mechanism for advancing the impression table, to produce an impression upon a
matrix blank, a printing-bar casting mechanism, mechanism for conveying the
matrices from the impression table to the casting mechanism, and a power shaft,
the locking mechanism, the impression mechanism, the conveying mechanism, and
the casting mechanism, being connected to the power shaft, so as to be actuated at
recurring intervals as the shaft revolves, substantially as described.
60. The combination of mechanism for composing a line of type, and producing
an impression upon a matrix blank, mechanism for casting the printing bars from
the matrix, mechanism for conveying the matrix from the impression table to the
casting mechanism, and a power shaft, the connections between the impression
mechanism, the casting mechanism, and the conveying mechanism, and the power
D

page_text: shaft, being such, that the said mechanisms are operated at recurring intervals, to
perform their functions, substantially as described.
61. The combination of mechanism for assembling the line of type, and taking
an impression therefrom upon a matrix blank, mechanism for casting printing bars
from the matrix, mechanism for conveying the matrices from the impression table
to the casting mechanism, mechanism for delivering the printing bars in proper
order to a galley, and a power shaft, said impression mechanism, casting mechanism,
conveying mechanism, and delivering mechanism, being so connected to the
power shaft, as to be actuated periodically thereby, to perform their functions,
substantially as described.
62. The combination of mechanism for preparing a matrix block, mechanism
for casting a printing bar therefrom, a runway connecting said mechanisms, a line
of abutting matrix blocks, in said runway, and mechanism for moving the entire
line of blocks one step forward at recurring intervals in the operation of the machine,
substantially as described.
63. The combination of type, mechanism for assembling and locking the type
in line, an impression table capable of being moved from its normal position, to
a position where it presents a blank to the line of type to produce a matrix,
mechanisin for casting printing bars from a matrix, a holder for receiving the
matrix block, and presenting it to the casting mould, a runway formed in part of
the impression table and holder in their normal positions, and a plunger for forcing
the matrix blanks and blocks in a continuous line, through the runway, substantially
as described.
64. The combination with a runway for the matrix, of a holder having a rotary
reciprocating motion, forming in one position a part of said runway, and in
another position presenting the matrix to the printing bar mould, substantially as
described.
65. The combination of mechanism for preparing a matrix, mechanism for
casting a printing bar therefrom, a continuous runway for the matrices passing
from the point where they are prepared, to the point where they are delivered from
the machine, and a reciprocating holder forming, in one of its positions, a part of
said continuous runway, and in the other, presenting a matrix to the casting
mechanism, substantially as described.
66. The combination of a line of abutting matrix blanks or blocks, mechanism
for removing the line step by step, through the machine, and mechanism for removing
a blank or block out of line, and returning it to the line between two successive
movements of the line, whereby the blank or block may be more conveniently
operated upon than in the line, substantially as described.
67. The combination of a casting mechanisin and a holder for the matrix while
the operation of casting is in progress, said holder being provided with a spring
arranged to bear upon the matrix, whereby the holder is adapted to matrices
varying in size, substantially as described.
68. The combination of a mould plate, a matrix holder, and means for causing
the mould plate to reciprocate in straight lines in two planes, in one plane to and
from contact with the matrix in the holder, and in the other to and from a
position for discharging the printing bar from the mould, substantially as
described.
69. The combination of a rotary reciprocating matrix holder, a reciprocating
mould plate, a reciprocating casting mechanism, a power-shaft, and connections
between each of the said reciprocating parts and the power shaft, whereby they
are brought into conjunction, and pressed together periodically in the revolution of
the shaft, substantially as described.
70. The combination of a printing bar casting mechanism, a galley for receiving
the printing bars, and a series of pivoted leaves successively receiving and acting
upon the bars, for delivering the latter from the casting mechanism to the galley,
substantially as described.

page_text: 71. The combination of the receiver 213, the plate 215, against which the matrix
blocks are successively delivered, the stop 220, and means for withdrawing
the plate periodically, to allow a block to pass forward, substantially as
described.
72. The combination of the matrix holder 89, the receiver 213, the spring
plate 215, the stop 220, and connections for operating the spring plate, substantially
as described.
ה
1001
NEWTON & SON,
Agents for the Applicant.