IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CULTIVATING LAND
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Barford and Thomas Perkins, both of Peter-
borough, in the County of Northampton, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR CULTIVATING LAND."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Barford and
Thomas Perkins at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th
July 1880.
WILLIAM BARFORD and THOMAS PERKINS, both of Peterborough, in the County
of Northampton. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CULTIVATING LAND,"
This Invention has for it object improvements in apparatus for cultivating
land, and relates especially to the winding engines and apparatus by which ploughs
and other implements are drawn over the land.
We arrange the winding drums upon the axle of the main wheels of the engine,
one on each side of the engine and just within the wheels. We drive the wheels
for travelling, or the drums for winding, by a transverse horizontal shaft having
at each end a pair of pinions, which are able to slide upon the shaft with groove
and feather. A suitable lever handle is provided for each pair of pinions, and by
this handle they can be slidden along the shaft. In one position the outer pinion
engages with the gear ring of the main wheels, and in another position the inner
pinion of the pair gears with the ring of teeth upon the winding drum. The shaft
on which are these sliding pinions has a toothed wheel fixed upon it, and this
wheel always remains in gear with another wheel fixed upon a countershaft. The
countershaft also has another toothed wheel fast upon it, and a sliding pinion.
These are all arranged between the bearings of the countershaft. The sliding pinion
upon the countershaft can at pleasure be put into gear with a toothed wheel upon
the crank shaft of the engine. The crank shaft also carries a pair of sliding pinions
of different sizes, and these can be made to gear with the wheels fixed upon the
countershaft. The three sliding pinions, the pair on the crank shaft, and that upon
the countershaft, give three different speeds of driving. When one pinion is in gear
the other is necessarily put out of gear.

page_text: The arrangement may be modified by having all the three wheels and pinions
upon the crank shaft to slide, and all the wheels and pinions on the countershaft
fixed. The wheels and pinions on the crank shaft then slide simultaneously, and
may be made of a piece; or of the three toothed wheels and pinions on the crank
shaft and the countershaft respectively, two in each case may be made to slide
whilst one is fixed. The method of transmitting the movement from the counter-
shaft to the drum and travelling wheels may be varied by providing pinions upon
the outer ends of the countershaft. These pinions then drive intermediate pinions
upon stud axes, and these in turn gear with the rings of teeth upon the winding
drums; the travelling wheels are in this case driven through the winding drums.
The hauling rope is led from one of the winding drums around a guide pulley
carried in a bracket fixed to the hinder part of the engine; the rope crosses behind
the back of the engine and goes direct to the plough or implement. The rope from
the other drum is led around a guide pulley carried by a bracket at the fore part
of the engine, and is taken off to the anchor pulley on the opposite headland.
Sometimes we arrange the winding drums upon a separate frame, and we connect
this frame with the engine by shafts. The power is transmitted from the engine
to the drums by a driving belt passing upon a pulley upon the crank shaft of the
engine to another pulley upon the drum frame. We arrange this pulley and connect
the shafts of the drum frame to the engine in such a manner that the driving belt
is beneath the shafts, The strain upon the belt then serves to hold the drum frame
down to the ground, whereas, with other arrangements, the strain tends to lift the
drum frame and render it unsteady.
In place of sliding the pinions to put the drums in and out of gear, the drums
may be lifted to the pinions by eccentrics upon the axis, and we provide pinions of
different sizes, so that by lifting the drum to gear with one or other of them,
different speeds are obtained. This arrangement is applicable also when the winding
drums are upon the axle of the engine.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Barford and Thomas Perkins in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 26th January 1881.
WILLIAM BARFORD and THOMAS PERKINS, both of Peterborough, in the County
of Northampton. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CULTIVATING LAND."
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for cultivating land,
and relates especially to the winding engines and apparatus by which ploughs and
other implements are drawn over the land.
We arrange the winding drums upon the axle of the main wheels of the engine,
one on each side of the engine, and just within the wheels. We drive the wheels
for travelling, or the drums for winding, by a transverse horizontal shaft having at
each end a pair of pinions which are able to slide upon the shaft with groove and
feather. A suitable lever handle is provided for each pair of pinions, and by this
handle they can be slidden along the shaft. In one position the outer pinion
engages with the gear ring of the main wheels, and in another position the inner
pinion of the pair gears with the ring of teeth upon the winding drum. The shaft
on which are these sliding pinions has a toothed wheel fixed upon it, and this
wheel always remains in gear with another wheel fixed upon a countershaft. The
countershaft also has another toothed wheel fast upon it and a sliding pinion.
These are all arranged between the bearings of the countershaft. The sliding pinion
upon the countershaft can at pleasure be put into gear with a toothed wheel upon
the crank shaft of the engine. The crank shaft also carries a pair of sliding pinions
of different sizes, and these can be made to gear with the wheels fixed upon the
countershaft.
The three sliding pinions, the pair on the crank shaft, and that upon the counter-
shaft, give three different speeds of driving; when one pinion is in gear the other is
necessarily put out of gear.
The arrangement may be modified by having all the three wheels and pinions
upon the crank shaft to slide, and all the wheels and pinions on the countershaft
fixed. The wheels and pinions on the crank shaft then slide simultaneously, and
may be made of a piece; or of the three toothed wheels and pinions on the crank
shaft and countershaft respectively, two in each case may be made to slide whilst
one is fixed. The method of transmitting the movement from the countershaft to
the drum and travelling wheels may be varied by providing pinions upon the outer
ends of the countershaft. These pinions then drive intermediate pinions upon stud
axes,
and these in turn gear with the rings of teeth upon the winding drums; the
travelling wheels are in this case driven through the winding drums.
The hauling rope is led from one of the winding drums around a guide pulley
carried in a bracket fixed to the hinder part of the engine; the rope crosses
behind the back of the engine and goes direct to the plough or implement. The
rope from the other drum is led around a guide pulley carried by a bracket at
the fore part of the engine, and is taken off to the anchor pulley on the opposite
headland.
Sometimes we arrange the winding drums upon a separate frame, and we connect
this frame with the engine by shafts. The power is transmitted from the engine
to the drums by a driving belt passing from a pulley upon the crank shaft of the
engine to another pulley upon the drum frame. We arrange this pulley and connect
the shafts of the drum frame to the engine in such a manner that the driving belt
is beneath the shafts. The strain upon the belt then serves to hold the drum frame
down to the ground, whereas with other arrangements the strain tends to lift the
drum frame and render it unsteady.
In place of sliding the pinions to put the drums in and out of gear, the drums.

page_text: may be lifted to the pinions by eccentrics upon the axis, and we provide pinions of
different sizes, so that by lifting the drum to gear with one or other of them
different speeds are obtained. This arrangement is applicable also when the
winding drums are upon the axle of the engine.
In order that our Invention may be fully understood and readily carried into
effect, we will proceed to describe the Drawings hereunto annexed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 shows a plan view, Figure 2 a side elevation, and Figure 3 an end view
of part of a winding engine constructed in the manner above described. A, A,
are the driving wheels of the engine; B, B, are the winding drums on the same
axle as the main wheels, one on each side of the engine, and just within the wheels.
On the inside of each driving wheel is a toothed wheel or ring of teeth, and on
each winding drum a toothed wheel C; D is a transverse horizontal shaft having
on it at each end a pair of clutch pinions E and F, which are able to slide along
feathers on the shaft D into different positions; in one position the pinion E gears
with the toothed ring or wheel on the interior of the driving wheel, and in another
position the pinion F gears with the toothed wheel C on the winding drum. On
the transverse shaft D is also a toothed wheel G which gears with a toothed wheel H
on the countershaft I. On the countershaft I are also two clutch wheels K, L,
capable of being slidden along a feather on the shaft; M is the crank shaft of the
engine, on it are keyed two pinions N and O. By sliding the clutch wheels K
and L along the countershaft the wheel K can be brought into gear with the
pinion N, or the wheel L into gear with the pinion O.
On the crank shaft of the engine is also a clutch pinion P capable of being
slidden along a feather on the shaft. By sliding the pinion along the shaft it can
be put into or out of gear with the toothed wheel H on the countershaft. It will
thus be seen that either the drums or the main wheels can be driven at either one
or other of three different speeds of driving, or can be put altogether out of gear,
as desired.
As the Drawing shows the toothed wheels H, K, L, and the pinions N, O, P,
are between the bearings in which the countershaft I and crank shaft M of the
engine are mounted respectively.
At Figures 4 and 5 we have shewn a modification of the above arrangement in
which the travelling wheels are driven through the winding drums.
Figure 4 shews a plan view, and Figure 5 a side elevation of the driving gear.
When the drums are to be used for winding they are disconnected from the
travelling wheels either by the withdrawal of a bolt or otherwise. A, A, are the
driving wheels of the engine; B, B, are the winding drums on the same axle as
the main wheels, one on each side of the engine, and just within the wheels; C, C,
are toothed wheels fast with the drums B. With each wheel C gears a pinion D
capable of turning freely around studs or a shaft E. F is the countershaft, on the
ends of which are clutched pinions G capable of sliding along feathers on the shaft,
so that they can be put into or out of gear with the pinions D. On the counter-
shaft F are also fixed three toothed wheels H, I, K, of different diameters; L is
the crank shaft of the engine; on it are three toothed pinions M, N, O, formed in
one casting, and capable of being slidden along a feather on the shaft into different
positions. In one position the pinion M gears with the toothed wheel H whilst
the pinions N, O, are out of gear with the toothed wheels I, K. In another position
the pinion N gears with the toothed wheel I, whilst the pinions M, O, are out of
gear with the toothed wheels H and K; and in a third position the pinion O gears
with the toothed wheel K whilst the pinions M, N, are out of gear with the toothed
wheels H, I. The winding drums and main wheels can thus be driven from
the crank shaft at three different speeds of driving. As the Drawing shews the
toothed wheels H, I, K, and the pinions M, N, O, are between the bearings in
which the countershaft F and crankshaft L are mounted respectively.

page_text: Figure 6 shows a side elevation and Figure 7 a plan view of winding apparatus
in which the winding drums are upon a separate frame connected by shafts with
the frame of the engine. This apparatus, as above explained, we arrange so that
the strain upon the endless driving chain or belt shall have no tendency to lift
the driving drums off the ground. In these Figures we have also shewn our
improved arrangements for enabling the winding drums to be driven at either one
or other of two or more different speeds. In these Figures, A, A, are the wheels
supporting the winding apparatus; B, B, are the shafts by which the axle C of
these wheels is connected to the frame of the engine; D is an endless driving chain
or belt passing from a pulley or chain wheel on the crank shaft of the engine to a
pulley or chain wheel on an axis E, from which motion is transmitted to the winding
drums. The shafts when attached to the engine are inclined upwards, as shewn,
and the bearings of the axis E are brought close to the shafts, so that, as will be seen,
the strain upon the taut side of the driving belt has no tendency to lift the
winding drums.
On the axle C are two eccentrics, as shewn more clearly at Figure 8, and on
each eccentric is a lever handle F by which it can be turned. On each eccentric
is mounted one of the winding drums, and on each winding drum is a toothed
wheel G. By turning the eccentric upon which the drum is mounted the toothed
wheel on the drum can be moved outwards or away from the axis E. On the
axis E there are for each drum two or more toothed pinions H, which can be slidden
endwise along the shaft, and so either one or other of them brought into position
for the toothed wheel G to be made to gear with it, thus the drums can be driven
at two or more different speeds. In Figure 7, one drum is shewn to be in gear with
so as to be driven by the axis E, whilst the other is out of gear, so that rope can
pay off freely from it. The above described arrangement for enabling the winding
drums to be driven at two or more different speed is, as before stated, applicable
also when the winding drums are upon the axle of the engine.
Having thus described the nature of our Invention and the manner of performing
the same, we would have it understood that we claim,-
First. In winding engines, in which the winding drums are concentric with the
road wheels, conveying motion from the crank axis to the road wheels and to the
winding drums by means of a driving train consisting of an intermediate shaft geared
with the crank shaft by gear wheels situate between the bearings of the shafts, and
a second intermediate shaft geared with the first and carrying at its outer ends
sliding pinions which at pleasure can be made to engage or disengage toothed
rings attached to the drums and to the wheels, substantially as described.
Second. In winding engines, in which the winding drums are concentric with
the road wheels and are driven by pinions on the same countershaft, arranging the
gearing in such manner that three different relative speeds may be imparted to
the said countershaft, substantially as described.
Third. In winding engines, in which the winding drums are concentric with the
road wheels, conveying motion from the crank shaft to the road wheels and to the
winding drums by means of a driving train consisting of an intermediate shaft
geared with the crank shaft by gear wheels situate between the bearings of the
shafts, and having at its outer ends pinions to gear with other pinions, which in turn
drive toothed rings upon the winding drums, substantially as described.
Fourth. The arrangements of winding gear, substantially as described and
illustrated in the annexed Drawings, for winding engines having winding drums
concentric with the road wheels.
Fifth. In windlasses, which are separate from the driving engine, and which,
when in use, are connected to the engine by shafts, we claim arranging the driving
gear and connecting the shafts to the engine in such a manner that the strain
upon the taut side of the endless driving chain or belt used for transmitting motion
from the engine to the winding drums shall have no tendency to lift the windlass
off the ground, substantially as described.
Sixth. The combination, substantially as described, for driving the winding

page_text: drums of windlasses or winding engines at two or more different speeds, the
winding drums being mounted upon eccentrics so that they may be moved towards
or away from a driving shaft which is parallel with them, and which has upon it
for each winding drum, two or more toothed pinions of different diameters, which
pinions can be moved endwise along the shaft, and either one or other of them
brought into a position in which the toothed wheel on the winding drum may be
made to gear with it.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Perkins, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty fifth day of January, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
THOMAS PERKINS. (L.S.)