IMPROVED APPLIANCES AND MEANS FOR CONVEYING SALT WATER FISH THROUGH FRESH WATER, AND OVERLAND, AND ON LAND
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Leopold Auguste Damm, of Seething Lane, in the
City of London, for the Invention of "IMPROVED APPLIANCES AND MEANS
FOR CONVEYING SALT WATER FISH THROUGH FRESH WATER, AND OVERLAND,
AND ON LAND."-A communication from abroad by Adolphe Smidth, of
Copenhagen, in the Kingdom of Denmark.
Sealed the 12th June 1868, and dated the 13th December 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Leopold Auguste Damm
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th December 1867.
I, LEOPOLD AUGUSTE DAMM, of Seething Lane, in the City of London, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPLIANCES AND
MEANS FOR CONVEYING SALT WATER FISH THROUGH FRESH WATER, AND OVERLAND,
AND ON LAND," a communication to me from abroad by Adolphe Smidth, of
Copenhagen, in the Kingdom of Denmark, to be as follows:-
According to the means hitherto employed for conveying salt water fish
through fresh water, notwithstanding such said fish have been kept in salt or
sea water during such transit, in consequence of the water being deprived of
the greater portion of the oxygen contained therein by the fish to support

page_text: animation thereof, the fish die, and become consequently much deteriorated in
value.
Now the object and intention of this Invention is to remedy this objection,
which I propose to effect by the following appliances and means; first, as
regards vessels constructed with wells for conveying fish through sea water I
propose to so construct such said wells as that the perforations therein may
be closed or shut off when the vessel comes into fresh water. I propose also
to adapt a pipe horizontally within such said well near the bottom thereof,
and connect it with a lift and forco pump, to which is also connected an
upright pipo terminating at the top in a resivoir, from the bottom of which
another upright pipe passes into the well containing the fish; this last-
mentioned pipe I propose to perforate with holes inclining upwards, so that
when the aforesaid pump is put into motion the effect will bo to raise the
water from the well in which the fish are into the aforesaid reservoir, and the
water thus raised will pass thence down the perforated pipe before mentioned
into the aforesaid well, and during such time the external atmospheric air
entering through the perforations in the pipe will mix with the water as it
passes into the well, and thus charge the water in the well with atmospheric
air, thereby keeping up the element of which the water is deprived by the
fish to support vitality.
In conveying salt water fish overland or by railway I propose to fit the
trucks or carriages with tanks containing sea water and forco air thereinto as
above stated, or by any other suitable means. And it is this admixture of air
with salt water which constitutes the principal feature of novelty in this
Invention.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Leopold Auguste Damm in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 12th June 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, LEOPOLD
AUGUSTE DAMM, of Seething Lane, in the City of London, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirty-first year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Loopold Augusto Damm, Her special licence that I, the said Leopold
Auguste Damm, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I,

page_text: the said Leopold Auguste Damm, my executors, administrators, or assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might.
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain.
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "Im-
PROVED APPLIANCES AND MEANS FOR CONVEYING SALT WATER FISH THROUGH
FRESH WATER, AND OVERLAND, AND ON LAND," a communication from Adolphe
Smidth, of Copenhagen, in the Kingdom of Denmark, upon the condition.
(amongst others) that I, the said Leopold Augusto Damm, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the samo was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six.
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters.
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Leopold Auguste Damm, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to.
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the-
following statement, that is to say :-
According to the means hitherto employed for conveying salt water fish
through fresh water, notwithstanding such said fish have been kept in salt or
sea water during such transit, in consequence of the water being deprived of
the greater portion of the oxygen contained therein by the fish to support
animation thereof, the fish die, and become consequently much deteriorated in.
value.
=
Now the object and intention of this Invention is to remedy this objection,.
which I propose to effect by the following appliances and means; first, as
regards vessels constructed with wells for conveying fish through sea water, I
propose to so construct such said wells as that the perforations therein may
be closed or shut off when the vessel comes into fresh water. I propose also.
to adapt a pipe horizontally within such said well near the bottom thereof,
and connect it with a lift and force pump, to which is also connected an
upright pipe terminating at the top in a reservoir, from the bottom of which
another upright pipe passes into the well containing the fish, this last-
mentioned pipe I propose to perforate with holes inclining upwards, so that
when the aforesaid pump is put into motion the effect will be to raise the
water from the well in which the fish are into the aforesaid reservoir, and the
water thus raised will pass thence down the perforated pipe before mentioned
into the aforesaid well, and during such time the external atmospheric air

page_text: entering through the perforations in the pipe will mix with the water as it
passes into the well, and thus charge the water in the well with atmosphoric
air, thereby keeping up the element of which the water is deprived by the
fish to support vitality.
In conveying salt water fish overland or by railway I propose to fit the 5
trucks or carriages with tanks containing sea water, and force air thereinto
as above stated, or by any other suitablo means. And it is this admixture of
air with salt water which constitutes the principal feature of novelty in this
Invention.
And in order to explain this Invention as completely as possible I now 1
proceed to describe the best means I am acquainted with for carrying the
same into practical effect, referenco being had to the illustrativo Sheet of
Diawings accompanying these Presents, and to the numeral figures and letters
of reference marked thereon respectively, as follows:-
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1 represents a sido elevation of my improved appliances; Figuro 2
an end elevation at A, Figure 1; Figure 3 a top plan view of Figure 1. At
each of the foregoing Figures similar letters of reference are employed to
denote corresponding parts in so far as such parts appear or can be seen at
each of such said Figures respectively.
1
2
A, A, is a water-tight tank or vessel intended to contain salt water fish;
B, a pipe leading therefrom and connected to the barrel of a pump C fitted
with a foot valvo and bucket, or piston and rod D; E, the pump bandle formed
with a toothed sector G which takes into teeth formed on the rod D, by
which means reciprocating motion may be imparted to the said pump, and s
the water in the tank A be drawn therefrom and forced through the pipes I
and I. The pipe I, as also the head i thereof, are fitted with numerous short
pipes a, a, open to the atmosphere, so that at each stroke of the pump as the
water is forced through the pipe I the external air will enter the soveral short.
pipes a, a, and mix with the water in its descent into the tank, and thus
charge the water in which the fish are with oxygen, the water as it enters tho
tank impinges against a disc K fixed to the vessel A, thereby preventing
undue agitation of the water in the tank. If desirable a plain collar Lat
Figuro 4 may be used in the place of the piece i.
Having now fully described and set forth the nature and object of this s
Invention, and the means by which it may be effected, I hereby declare that
what I claim as of this Invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent is as
follows: I claim the arrangement above described with reforence to the

page_text: accompanying Drawing for pumping or otherwise forcing and mixing air with
sea water contained in tanks in which salt water fish are placed for the
purpose of keeping such fish alive as above stated.
In witness whereof, I, the said Leopold Auguste Damm, have. hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of May, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight..
LEOPOLD DAMM. (L.B.)