CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN APPLYING TO ILLUMINATING THE EXTRACT OF BITUMINOUS PRODUCTS OF COAL, PEAT, AND LIGNITES, AND IN RECTIFYING AND EPURATING THE ESSENCES AND GREASY MATTER FROM COAL
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL
ATION left by Wam Augustus l'ascal
Aynard at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 31st March 1858.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, WILLIAM AUGUSTUS PASCAL AYMARD, of 4, South Street, Finsbury,
London, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPLYING TO ILLUMINATING THE EXTRACT OF BITUMINOUS
PRODUCTS OF COAL, PEAT, AND LIGNITES, AND IN RECTIFYING AND EPURATING
THE ESSENCES AND GREASY MATTER FROM COAL," to be as follows:--
The Invention consists, firstly, in obtaining the utmost quantity of
volatile products from coal tar, by adding to this bituminous product
obtained from gasometers and coke kilns (with or without peat tar) a
sufficient quantity of river sand, and distilling these compounds in
horizontal retorts.
Secondly, by distilling coal tar with a certain quantity of peat or
lignites, which have been previously washed, dried, and pulverized, I
obtain a raw and very fatty oil, besides napthaline similar to the one
produced from schistus, and consequently of a more fined and less
gravellous nature than the one obtained from coal alone.

page_text: The residuum of the above operation consists of a charcoal, which is
preferable to coke, and which can be usefully employed for the opera-
tions herein-after described by adding to it coal dust or waste peat.
To rectify the raw oil obtained by the first process of distillation of
coal or of coal tar (either pure or mixed), I distil it by means of stills
covered with lids, open at top, or upon a solution of aluminous or
argilaceous earth, purified in an alkali or soda wash obtained from
quick lime. By saturating the product of this second distillation with
diluted sulphuric acid, I obtain crystalized alums, from which, by wash-
ing, I separate all the bituminous products.
To discolour the essential oil from the first operation, I distil it with
sodified lime, produced by the insoluble sediment of the preceding
decoction; and I saturate this liquid with steam water, which I cause to
reach the receivers during the operation.
By filtering the decanting of the two jets of each rectification
through paper made from woollen rags (with or without charcoal), or
through wool shearings, felt bags, &c., I complete the disinfecting of
the mineral essences.
To rectify, by means of concentration, the napthaline, which must
have been previously oxidized in either of the rectifications of the raw
oil obtained from coal or from coal tar, I sublimate that fatty matter,
by means of animal black, or horn shavings; and I distil the results of
the above operation on an alkalized fatty body (either liquid or solid).
in order to deoxidize the product, and for rendering it fit by pressure
for manufacturing candle wax. In order to burn these essential coal
oils, the specific gravity of which is relatively so weighty and the
volatility so considerable, I make use of apparatus heated by a wick
composed of one or two parts.
I reserve to give the plan and description in the Final Specification.