IMPROVEMENTS IN HOSE PIPE, ESPECIALLY FOR HIGH PRESSURE
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki, of the Firm of J. Brandt
and G. W. v. Nawrocki, of No. 2, Koch Strasse, Berlin, Germany, Engineers
and Patent Agents, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN HOSE PIPE,
ESPECIALLY FOR HIGH PRESSURE." A communication from Otto Köbsel and
Sohn. of Hanover. Germany.
j
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Gerard Wenzeslaus von
Nawrocki at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th February
1878.
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI, of the Firm of J. Brandt and G. W. v.
Nawrocki, of 2, Koch Strasse, Berlin, Germany, Engineers and Patent Agents.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN HOSE PIPE, ESPECIALLY FOR HIGH PRESSURE" (A commu-
nication from Otto Köhsel and Sohn, of Hanover, Germany.)
Heretofore only pipes of iron, copper, or other metals have been used as conduits
for very high pressures, such as 20 atmospheres or more, as hose pipes made of
hemp, india-rubber, and textile fabrics and other combinations have not generally
been able to sustain any very high pressures. For many high-pressure purposes
however a flexible hose pipe is preferable to a rigid pipe.
The object of this Invention is to produce a hose of sufficient flexibility and of a
strength to withstand practically any pressure, all according to the number of layers
employed in the making. For this purpose peculiar layers of woven wire are
employed, and it has been found by actual experiments that, for instance, a hose
made with four such wire layers resisted a pressure of 130 atmospheres without
detriment.
The hose pipes made according to this Invention consist, firstly, of an interior
layer of india-rubber or of textile fabric like hemp, which may be impregnated with
india-rubber, tar, or other suitable substance. A second layer of such textile fabric
may then follow, which may be impregnated; then follow layers of woven wire.
A number of wires are placed side by side on each spool of the plaiting machine for

page_text: spinning the wire round the hose. The spools cross one another in a simple manner,
so that the wires of one spool lay themselves over those of the other. More or less
spools are required according to the diameter of the hose. The bundles of wires
cross one another, some forming, as it were, right-handed screw threads, and the
others left-handed screw threads around the hose. It is specially by this arrange-
ment that the great strength is imparted to the hose. Following upon one such
layer of woven wire there is a layer of hemp or such like textile fabric, then again
a layer of woven wire, and so on alternately in the required number.
If the intermediate layers are of india-rubber the manufactured hose is vulcanised
in the usual manner.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 3rd August 1878.
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI, of the Firm of J. Brandt and G. W. v.
Nawrocki, of 2, Koch Strasse, Berlin, Germany; Engineers and Patent Agents.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN HOSE PIPE ESPECIALLY FOR HIGH PRESSURE." A communi-
cation from Otto Köhsel and Sohn, of Hanover, Germany.
Heretofore only pipes of iron, copper, or other metals have been used as conduits
for very high pressures, such as twenty atmospheres or more, as hose pipes made of
hemp, india rubber, and textile fabrics and other combinations have not generally
been able to sustain any very high pressures, such as twenty atmospheres. For
many high-pressure purposes however a flexible hose pipe is preferable to a rigid
pipe.
'
The object of this Invention is to produce a hose of sufficient flexibility and of a
strength to withstand practically any pressure, all according to the number of layers
employed in the making. For this purpose peculiar layers of woven wire are
employed, and it has been found by actual experiments that, for instance, a hose
made with four such wire layers resisted a pressure of 130 atmospheres without
detriment, but any greater number of layers may be used for still higher pressures
if desired.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings is a vertical cross section through a hose
pipe made according to this Invention.
The hose pipes made according to this Invention consists, firstly, of an interior
layer a of india-rubber or of textile fabric like hemp, which may be impregnated
with india-rubber, tar, or other suitable substance. A second layer b of such textile
fabric may then follow, which may be impregnated with the said materials or not;
then follow layers c of woven wire constructed as follows:-A number of wires are
placed side by side on each spool of the plaiting machine for spinning the wire
round the hose. The spools cross. one another in a simple manner, so that the wires
of one spool lay themselves over those of the other. More or less spools are required

page_text: according to the diameter of the hole. The bundles x, x, and y, y, of the wires
cross one another, as shown in Figure 2, some forming as it were right-handed
screw threads, and the others left-handed screw threads around the hose. It is
specially by this arrangement, which may be termed a wove wire armour, that the
great strength is imparted to the hose. Following upon one such layer of woven
wire there is a layer d of hemp or such like textile fabric, then again a layer of
woven wire armour, then a layer d of textile fabric, and so on alternately in the
required number.
If the intermediate layers are of india-rubber the manufactured hose is vulcanized
in the usual manner.
The hose pipes heretofore made with layers of woven wire or gauze have not been
able to withstand a greater pressure than 20 atmospheres, as wire gauze does not
offer such a resistance as the peculiar wove wire armour herein described, which
may be considered as endless; whereas in wire gauze, which is inserted in strips, no
strong combination can be made between the edges or wire ends which meet each
other buttwise, or are laid over each other.
And having thus described the nature of this Invention I declare that I claim,
the construction of a hose with wove wire armour and layers of india-rubber or
textile fabrics impregnated or not, the wire armour being made like endless woven
tube formed of bundles of fine wire crossing each other, substantially as set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Thirty-first day of July, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI (L.S.)