matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR PRESERVING ANATOMICAL PREPARATIONS
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Pietro Toninetti, Chymist, in the City of Hamburg,
Germany, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR PRESERVING
ANATOMICAL PREPARATIONS."
Sealed the 16th November 1877, and dated the 19th May 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Pietro Toninetti at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th May 1877.
PIETRO TONINETTI, Chymist, in the City of Hamburg, Germany.
METHOD FOR PRESERVING ANATOMICAL PREPARATIONS."
"AN IMPROVED
This Invention relates to an improved method for preserving anatomical prepa-
rations, and consists of injecting into the object to be preserved the following
solution :-
Spiritum
Acidum benzoicum
Aether sulfuricum
grammes 1000
,,
"
50
50
When the object has been soaked with this solution atmospheric air of a tempera-
ture of 70 to 80 degrees, under a pressure of 3 to 7 atmospheres, is pumped through
either of the veins, jugulary or carotide, until the preparation is perfectly dried out.
An anatomical object prepared in this manner can successfully be used for
microscopical examinations, while all methods of conservation hitherto known have
not been able to give useful preparations for this purpose.
Anatomical preparations made in the above manner keep their natural colour and
form, and are more useful for studies than the best wax models, besides being far
cheaper than good models.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Pietro Toninotti in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 19th November
1877.
PIETRO TONINETTI, Chymist, in the City of Hamburg, Germany. "AN IMPROVED
METHOD FOR PRESERVING ANATOMICAL PREPARATIONS."
This Invention relates to an improved method for preserving anatomical prepa-
rations, and consists of injecting into the object to be preserved the following
solution:
Spiritum
Acidum benzoicum
Aether sulfuricum
grammes 1000
50
. "J
50
When the object has been soaked with this solution atmospheric air of a
temperature of 70 to 80 degrees, under a pressure of 3 to 7 atmospheres, is pumped
through either of the veins, jugulary or carotide, until the preparation is perfectly
dried out.
An anatomical object prepared in this manner can successfully be used for
microscopical examinations, while all methods of conservation hitherto known have
not been able to give useful preparations for this purpose.
Anatomical preparations made in the above manner keep their natural colour and
form, and are more useful for studies than the best wax models, besides being far
cheaper than good models.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, I declare that I claim, the improved method of preserving
anatomical objects, as herein-before set forth, especially by the injection of
ingredients in solution, followed by an injection of atmospheric air under pressure,
as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Pietro Toninetti, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Second day of November, One thousand eight hundred and
Seventy-seven
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CLEANING AND GRINDING GRAIN, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Watts at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 17th May 1877.
JOHN WATTS, of the City of Bristol. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
CLEANING AND GRINDING GRAIN, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE
TO OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES."
My Invention relates, 1st, to the cleaning of grain and other similar substances,
and consists in the employment of apparatus constructed upon the principle of what
is known as Carr's disintegrator, but fitted with brushes, by the action of which on
the grain or other substances during the revolution of the apparatus, the substances
under treatment are cleaned preparatory to the operation of grinding, without the
necessity for the processes of washing and drying ordinarily adopted, such substances
being projected from the apparatus on to sieves or screens which admit of the
passage of any particles of dust or other extraneous matters, whilst retaining the
substances which have been operated upon.
My Invention relates, 2ndly, to the grinding of grain and to the grinding and
treatment of other substances by what is known as Carr's disintegrator, and consists
in making the shaft upon which the apparatus revolves hollow, and by preference
with an internal core, and in passing a stream of water or other liquid through such
shaft, or applying a cooling agent to its interior, whereby the shaft and bearings are
maintained in an approximately cool condition.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR THE CONVEYANCE OF STRAW, FLOUR, AND OTHER MATERIALS OR SUBSTANCES.
Year: 1877

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Halliday at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd July 1877.
THOMAS HALLIDAY, of Haddington, North Britain. "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS
FOR THE CONVEYANCE OF STRAW, FLOUR, AND OTHER MATERIALS OR SUBSTANCES.
This Invention, which relates to improvements in the means of conveying straw,
flour, and other materials or substances, is designed to be of especial service when
applied to threshing and other analogous machines for the carriage to and fro of
said materials. It consists of an endless rope, band, or chain, travelling around
pulleys placed in any desired position, and having secured to it blocks of wood or
other suitable material at desired intervals, each block being furnished on its upper
side with a blade or flat staff, placed either perpendicularly or horizontally according
to the nature of the material or substance to be conveyed, and having its face or
broad side directed in the line of motion. This rope, band, or chain moves in a
continuous trough, which extends in any desired direction, and which receives the
straw, flour, or other substance from the machine or mill. By this means the
material is forced along the trough, the aforesaid blades or staves being thereby
brought to bear on it. The trough is provided with a series of doors or laps for the
discharge of the straw at the desired places, and the discharge is further assisted by
means of a lever or arm, which when the door or lap is lowered bears upon the
straw and forces it out of the trough.
According as the trough and pulleys are arranged the direction of the travelling
band, rope, or chain is regulated, and it may be arranged to travel round corners or
angles; and as the materials of which the apparatus is constructed may be of a
comparatively inexpensive nature economy is effected.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PHOTOGRAPHIC PRINTING FRAMES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ezra Greaves and John Smith at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th May 1877.
EZRA GREAVES, of Halifax, in the County of York, Photographer, and JOHN
SMITH, of Halifax, aforesaid, Pattern Maker. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PHOTOGRAPHIC
PRINTING FRAMES.”
This Invention relates to a novel construction of printing frames, by the use of
which a number of pictures may be printed at one operation with very little more
trouble than has hitherto been required when printing a single picture, thereby
effecting a great saving of time and labour, and also economizing space.
Our improved frame consists of frames of wood or other suitable material glazed
with stout plate glass, and bas a lid or door hinged to the top edge. Inner frames
are provided which fit into the main or principal frame, and are interchangeable
according to the size and design of pictures to be printed. These inner frames have
stretched over the face of them parchment, parchment paper, or vellum, through
which apertures or openings are made in number and size as inay be required, the
parchment frames answering the double purpose of securing the negatives and
carrying the various shaped "masks."
The sheets of tissue or sensitized paper are cut so as exactly to fit within the
inner or parchment frames, and are pressed thereon by means of an air cushion or
pad attached to the lid or back of the glazed frame, so that when closed upon the
tissue the pressure equalizes itself to the different thicknesses of negative plates.
Or the pressure may be applied over each negative by means of a spring acting upon
separate pads of wood, pasteboard, or other suitable substance, the face of which is
covered with thick cloth or felt.
The tinting of the margins is done by removing the printed tissue or paper into
another frame of similar construction as the one described, but instead of the inner
parchmented frame a number of framed glasses interchangeable as above are pro-
vided, upon which blank "masks" are fixed corresponding in position and size to
the openings of the " masks on the parchment frames, and which serve to protect
the part already printed from the action of light; by the use of such frames more
accurate registration is secured.
"
IMPROVEMENTS IN PAVEMENTS
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Sutcliffe Gabriel, of Grellier's and Canterbury.
Wharves, Belvedere Road, Lambeth, in the County of Surrey, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PAVEMENTS."
Sealed the 7th August 1877, and dated the 6th March 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Sutcliffe Gabriel at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th March 1877.
JOSEPH SUTCLIFFE GABRIEL, of Grellier's and Canterbury Wharves, Belvedere
Road, Lambeth, in the County of Surrey. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PAVEMENTS."
This Invention has for its object improvements in pavement for use in streets
and in other places. For these purposes I employ cast-iron blocks of rectangular
forin, and having a dove-tail groove passing transversely across the block on the
under side. To the bottom of the cast-iron block a corresponding wooden block is
secured by means of a projecting dove-tail upon it adapted to the groove in the iron
block. This wooden block, when the pavement is laid, gives an elasticity to the
roadway which would otherwise be wanting. On one side of the cast-iron block
studs or projections are cast to regulate the distances apart at which in laying the
pavement the blocks shall be set. On the face of the cast-iron block longitudinal
grooves are formed, which are intended to be filled with concrete or grouting, in
order to give a better foothold to the horses.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Joseph Sutcliffe Gabriel in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 6th
September 1877.
JOSEPH SUTCLIFFE GABRIEL, of Grellier's and Canterbury Wharves, Belvedere
Road, Lambeth, in the County of Surrey. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PAVEMENTS."
This Invention has for its object improvements in pavement for use in streets
and in other places. For these purposes I employ cast-iron blocks, or blocks of such
[Price 4.]

page_text: like hard material, of rectangular form, and having a dove-tail groove passing
transversely across the block on the under side. To the bottom of the cast-iron
block a corresponding wooden block is secured by means of a projecting dove-tail
upon it adapted to the groove in the iron block. This wooden block, when the
pavement is laid, deadens the sound and gives an elasticity to the roadway, which
would otherwise be wanting. On one side of the cast-iron block studs or projections
are cast to regulate the distances apart at which in laying the pavement the blocks
shall be set. On the face of the cast-iron block longitudinal grooves are formed,
which are intended to be filled with concrete or grouting, in order to give a better
foothold to the horses.
The annexed Drawing shows a pavement constructed according to this Invention.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Sutcliffe Gabriel, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Sixth day of September, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.
JOSEPH S. GABRIEL. (L.S.)

page_text: No text detected.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING MACHINERY
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Mr. Joseph McStocker at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th January 1877.
JOSEPH MCSTOCKER, of Belfast, in the County of Antrim, in Ireland, Mill
Carpenter. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING MACHINERY."
My Invention relates to the process of spinning fibrous or filamentary substances
and has for its object to diminish or remove the friction, waste, and dirt, which
occur at certain stages of said process, and especially in wet spinning, where the rove
is passed into a water trough and is rubbed against the back drip and back slip of
the spinning frame, whereby it becomes attenuated and creates waste and dirt. For
this purpose I employ a short cylindrical, oval, or flattened tube, having a lip or
flange at the upper or top edge, and through which I pass the rove or other fibrous
or filamentary substance, and thereby protect it from contact with the drip or slip,
or other destructive part of the frame or other manufacturing machine.
The tube is made of glass, china, enamel, or other similar material, and is provided
with a slot from end to end, through which the rove or other fibrous or filamentary
substance may be introduced within it. This tube is let down into the back slip or
rail of the trough, by which it will be supported, or may be otherwise attached to
the frame or other manufacturing machine.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN WATCHES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Fletcher at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 30th August 1877.
EDWARD FLETCHER, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN WATCHES."
My Invention consists in so constructing watches that the motion of the body of
the wearer of the watch produces the power required for winding up the mainspring,
thereby rendering the watch perfectly self-acting.
In performing my Invention a weight is suspended in centres from the frame or
case of the watch, and to this weight are attached catches which take into and
impart motion to a ratchet wheel. This ratchet wheel is connected by a train of
wheels and pinions to the axle of the main spring. By this means every motion of
the body imparts a vibration to the weight, and causes the teeth of the ratchet
wheel to be acted upon, thereby producing a fractional portion of the winding-up
motion.
It is evident that the watch must be wound up during the time the wearer is in
motion sufficiently to keep it going while the wearer is at rest.
In some cases the weight is provided with a double axis to allow it to move in
any direction.
When the watch is sufficiently wound up by the balance weight or its equivalents
the further winding is prevented by a peg on one of the wheels, releasing the catch
or catches from the ratchet wheel, or a friction motion may be applied between the
ratchet wheel and the axle of the main spring.
And in order that this my said Invention may be properly understood I have
hereunto annexed Drawings of the same, and have marked the several views with
figures and letters of reference. The same letters of reference refer to similar parts
in all the Figures.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 is a back view of the watch with that portion of the case covering the
works removed; Fig. 2 is a cross section, shewing centre of oscillation; Fig. 3 is a
front view of weight A, and enlarged view of spring ratchet wheel and catches; and
Fig. 4, end view of weight A, and side view of ratchet wheel D.

page_text: A is a weight which oscillates on the pivots B, B, which, whenever the watch is
shaken or moved, causes the weight to swing to and fro.
C, C, are the catches; one is made to thrust, and the other to hook into the teeth
of the ratchet wheel.
D is the ratchet wheel, having a pinion on its shaft which gears into the train of
wheels E, E, E; F is the axle of the mainspring; and G, G, G, the ordinary gearing
of the watch.
H is an intermittent wheel, which is turned round by a peg in the large wheel
on the mainspring axle; the intermittent wheel H has a pin fixed on its side, which
when it comes in contact with the catch C forces it away from the ratchet wheel D,
thereby preventing the catch from winding the watch up any further. This is so
adjusted that when the mainspring is wound up to its furthest extent by releasing
this catch it prevents it from doing any harm.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS, AND IN APPA- RATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Weir, of Castledawson, in the County of London-
derry, Ireland, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS, AND IN APPA-
RATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH."
ealed the 16th April 1878, and dated the 20th October 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Weir at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th October 1877.
JOHN WEIR, of Castledawson, in the County of Londonderry, Ireland.
PROVEMENTS IN LAMPS, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH.
"IM-
My Invention relates to lamps for burning petroleum. parrafin, or other mineral
oil, and consists of the improvements, herein-after described, whereby important
advantages are obtained.
One part of my Invention consists in applying and attaching that portion of the
burner which is connected with the gallery to the body of the lamp which receives
the other portion of the burner by means of a bayonet joint, so that the said first-
mentioned part may be attached to and detached from the body of the lamp at
pleasure. By this means great facility is secured in the operations of lighting and
of supplying oil to the lamp, and in the general manipulations connected with the
lamp and the lamp glasses; suitable lids are provided in the portion of the burner
secondly mentioned, for the facility of supplying the oil without removing that
portion of the burner, and a cork or similar float may be used for the purpose of
indicating when the reservoir is filled.
In the case of duplex lamps, I provide a means of raising and lowering both
flames simultaneously in addition to the ordinary devices for acting separately and
independently on each flame. For this purpose I employ additional wick cases
11

page_text: surrounding the ordinary wick holders and isolated therefrom, in order to prevent
the conduction of heat by wires or similar means. These additional wick cases
are arranged in such a manner as to be capable of being raised and lowered simul-
taneously by levers or rotatory spurs or teeth operated by a handle, or by other
convenient devices, so as to admit of the flame being raised or lowered (when the
two wicks have been adjusted by the ordinary means) by lowering or raising
simultaneously the additional wick cases in lieu of by separately operating both the
wicks.
With the view of preventing the escape and diffusion of oil on the surface of the
reservoir, I propose to employ in addition to the plaster of Paris or uniting com-
position ordinarily used, a luting of red or white lead and copal or other similar
composition, with or without the addition of an annular flanged plate soldered to
the bottom of the metal portion which is attached to the reservoir, and closely
approaching the neck of the latter. I also employ for the purpose of trimming the
lamp wicks an instrument consisting of a spring clip, one or both of the edges of
which are bent round, so as, when pressure is applied to the clip, to grip the wick,
and, by being drawn over the same, remove the partially consumed portion with
any particles adhering to the wick.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PLAITING OR FOLDING FABRICS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Hart Tracy at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd March 1877.
JOHN HART TRACY, of Clerkenwell, in the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PLAITING OR FOLDING FABRICS."
Machines constructed according to this Invention are fitted with the following
principal working or operating parts for effecting the plaiting or folding of fabrics,
viz., a box or hollow table heated, by preference, by gas jets; secondly, a presser
plate, the under surface of which is somewhat rough, for the purpose of serving as a
feed appliance, such plate rising and falling on the material passing under it, and on
or over the aforesaid box or hollow table; thirdly, a back folding knife, which has
a downward, a backward receding, and a forward slanting rising motion; and,
fourthly, a front folding knife, which has an oscillating back-and-forward motion
and up-and-down motion against the back folding knife.
The material to be folded or plaited passes over the front knife, over the back
edge of it, round the front edge of the back knife, and between the presser plate
and the box or table, passing off straight from the latter, and not as now usually
done in some plaiting machines dropping down through a hole in the table, whereby
through the weight of the fabric the just formed pleats are partly opened. The
aforesaid operating parts of the machine are worked by suitable cam or eccentric
appliances, which I place above the aforesaid operating parts, so that the plaited
material can freely pass off in a horizontal direction, being supported to any
required distance by a table or plate in continuation of the hot box.
The width of the plaits or folds may be regulated by adjusting the stroke of the
presser plate and front knife as required.
The back knife may be worked by bell-crank levers actuated by cams.
presser plate may be similarly actuated, and from cams on the same shaft. The
The
front knife may be actuated from another cam shaft, which is driven by bovil gearing
from the main shaft.
The action of the operating parts of the machine is as follows:-The back knife
goes down on the material, the front knife recedes, rises and then advances,
carrying the material against and over the back knife, forming a pleat. The back
knife then recedes from under the front knife and rises forward in a slanting
[Price 1

page_text: direction; the first knife is then made to drop and press the fabric on to the table.
The presser plate then rises, thus releasing the fabric beneath it; it then goes
forward, and is then pressed down on the pleated fabric again. The front knife is
then withdrawn again, and the presser plate moves back, carrying the pleated fabric
with it; this presser plate thus serves as a feed appliance.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR KNOPPING YARNS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Craven at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 28th August 1877.
THOMAS CRAVEN, of Keighley, in the County of York, Manufacturer. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR KNOPPING YARNS."
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the production of a twist yarn
of any fibre or color, with knops regular or irregular, also of any fibre or color, by
means of an ordinary or special frame, either for spinning, doubling, or preparing,
whereby the knopped yarn is manufactured direct on to the spool ready for weaving,
or on to tubes or ordinary spring bobbins.
I accomplish my object in the following manner :-From the main shaft at the
end, say, of an ordinary spinning frame, I drive the usual intermediate wheel, but
fixed on a double stud carrying a pinion driving a second intermediate wheel; this
last intermediate wheel drives a single stud wheel, carrying tappet; this tappet
raises at convenient periods the stud carrying twist wheel and ordinary driving
wheel into gear with front roller wheel, thus giving intermittant motion to the
front roller. To the ordinary stud plate lever carrying twist wheel, one end of a
spiral spring is fixed, the other being secured above by a regulating screw passing
through bracket attached to frame end.
The yarn or ground thread, which may consist of more threads than one to be
knopped, is placed upon the roving guide, and passed through the carrier and front
rollers to the bobbin, tube, or spool on the spindle. The thread to be knopped on
to the yarn or ground thread is placed on a stand in any convenient position. By
means of the intermittant motion given to the front rollers the yarn or ground
thread is held or fed to the spindle as required. When the front rollers are stationary
the thread or threads are wound round the ground thread or yarn by means of the
ordinary revolution of the spindle, thus forming during the stoppage of the front
rollers a lump or knop as required, when the tappet again gives motion to the
front roller. By putting the twist wheel into gear with front roller wheel the yarn
or ground thread is fed to the spindle, and the threads to be knopped are twisted
with the yarn or ground thread, forming a mottle, until the front rollers, by stoppage
013

page_text: of motion, again grip the yarn or ground thread, when another lump or knop is
formed by the thread or threads, and this can be repeated at discretion, both as to
distances between the knops and their size, by the simple adjustment of tappet to
suit.
The yarn or ground thread herein referred to may consist of one or more threads 5
of varying material or color, and any variety or number of materials, or any number
of variety of colors may form the threads to be knopped round the yarn or ground
thread.
IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF SPINDLE FOR LOCK FURNITURE AND CUPBOARD TURNS."
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Hemens at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 30th October 1877.
"AN
JOHN HEMENS, of 295, New Kent Road, London, Iron Merchant's Clerk.
IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF SPINDLE FOR LOCK FURNITURE AND CUPBOARD
TURNS."
The Invention relates to an improvement, whereby ordinary wood screws are
used to fix knobs or handles and also cupboard turn tongues to their spindles,
instead of using screws having threads to fit screwed parts in the knobs or handles
and cupboard turn tongues. The screwed part in each knob or handle and cupboard
turn tongue is dispensed with, a plain countersunk hole only being required to
receive the head and the plain part of the wood screw.
The Invention consists in forming the spindles hollow out of sheet metal, and to
the required shape for the outside of the spindles (which may be of any shape now
in use), and then inserting in the hollow part of each spindle a core of suitable
material (preferably of hard wood). A number of holes are formed through the
metal of each spindle (and at any convenient stage in the manufacture thereof)
analogous to the holes now in use in spindles. Each knob or handle and cupboard
turn tongue is held to the spindle by an ordinary wood screw screwed into the core.
The wood screw is easily replaced in case of loss.
The tubes for the hollow spindles are drawn upon a mandril similarly as other
tubes drawn upon a mandril are drawn, or the spindles may be made in any manner
now in use for analogous purposes.
The Invention is applicable to spindles for analogous purposes to those before
mentioned.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH APPARATUS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Wallace Brown at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th June 1877.
JAMES WALLACE BROWN, of Number 18, Leadenhall Street, in the City of
London, Electrician. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH APPARATUS.”
The object of this Invention is to record signals, mainly of the "Morse" type,
transmitted over submarine or other difficult circuits with greater speed and
certainty than has been possible hitherto. For this purpose I employ a suspended
coil, electro-magnet, armature, or other appliance, which is caused to move by the
action of the main line current. The said suspended coil or other appliance gives
motion to a contact piece connected to one end of a local battery, say the positive
end. The other or negative end of the battery is so connected to two or more
contact pieces through one or more coils or other appliances for affording resistance
to the passage of electric currents, that a greater or less resistance is afforded,
according as one or other of the said contact pieces is in circuit with the positive
end of the battery.
In the circuit of the said local battery is placed a relay of similar construction to
those for which British Letters Patent, No. 1757, dated the 26th April 1876, were
granted to the present applicant jointly with George Allan.
It will be obvious that upon an increase of potential in the main line current,
the contact piece connected with the positive end of the local battery will be caused
to move against one or other of the contact pieces connected with the negative
end of the battery, thus making local circuit through a certain amount of resistance
and causing the said Allan and Brown's relay to make, or, it may be, break circuit
through inking or recording mechanism. Upon a decrease of potential in the main
line current, the positive contact piece will be caused to move against another
negative contact piece, thus increasing, or it may be, decreasing the resistance in
the local circuit, and causing the Allan and Brown relay to break circuit through
the inking or recording mechanism.
A compensating spring or compensating springs may be used to retain the coil,
electro-magnet, or armature of the main line relay in its normal position; or the
contact pieces before. mentioned may be in the form of and used as compensating
springs.

page_text: Various arrangements of the appliances may be made, as for instance, the coil or
armature of the main line relay may give motion to the negative contact pieces
instead of to the positive contact piece:
In order to gain sensitiveness and avoid all detrimental resistance, the above
described apparatus may be placed in a chamber from which the air is exhausted,
thus allowing the said apparatus to work in vacuo.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN RAILWAY CARRIAGE AND OTHER LAMPS
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Strafford, of No. 50, Waddington Place, Stratford, in
the County of Essex, Lamp Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN RAILWAY CARRIAGE AND OTHER LAMPS."
Sealed the 22nd February 1878, and dated the 31st August 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Strafford at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st August 1877.
JOHN STRAFFORD, of No. 50, Waddington Place, Stratford, in the County of
Essex, Lamp Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY CARRIAGE AND OTHER
LAMPS."
The object of the Invention is to increase the efficiency of lamps, particularly for
use as roof lamps for railway and other carriages, but which are also applicable to
lamps for ships' cabins, and for other uses. For this purpose the burner is of the
argand form, so as to admit of air to aid combustion, passing up through a suitable
passage to the interior of the flame, whilst the external air is caused to impinge on
the flame just above the wick tube by the use of a deflector of a conical or hollow
conical form. This deflector also acts as a reflector by the under side of it acting to
reflect the light of the flame downwards, whilst the upper part of it throws the rays
upwards on to a compound reflector at the upper part of the light chamber, and
thence into the carriage. By these means the necessity for the use of a glass
chimney, and the consequent inconvenience arising from breakage, are avoided.
The lower part of the metal chimney is formed with an inclined or conical pro-
jecting ledge, the lower surface of which is silvered or is otherwise reflective to aid
the illuminating power of the light by reflection, whilst the inner surface serves to
prevent the too free downward draft on to the flame.

page_text: The air from the exterior of the lamp admitted under the rim to the chamber
surrounding the oil vessel is divided so as to prevent the too sudden rush of it into
the flame chamber by the application of a rim partly filling such chamber above or
near the upper part of the oil vessel, and also by the formation of holes or openings
for the passage of air into the interior, above and below the oil vessel.
The passage through the top of the lamp to the head is formed with a conical
piece rising up into the head, and the upper portion of this conical piece is formed
with an outer conical rim, by which, whilst the escape of products of combustion
from the flame is facilitated, the too free passage of air from the exterior is
prevented.
I also supply air to the burner from the chamber containing the oil vessel by
means of passages applied to pass through the oil reservoir, and by the side of the
tubes for supplying oil from that reservoir to the burner. By these means increased
facility is given for keeping the oil in the reservoir cool.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PIANO STOOLS AND OTHER SEATS, WHICH ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER OBJECTS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Maximilian Stanistans Hassfeld at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th August 1877. A com-
munication from abroad by Emile Hedou, of Paris, France.
MAXIMILIAN STANISTANS HASSFELD, of London Wall, London.
"IMPROVEMENTS
IN PIANO STOOLS AND OTHER SEATS, WHICH ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER
OBJECTS." A communication from abroad by Emile Hedou, of Paris, France.
The parts of the stool or seat forming the improvement are by preference made of
any suitable kind of cast or wrought metals, but may be made of wood if desired.
A portion of the improvement consists in fitting the screw in the column for
supporting the seat of the stool in such a manner to prevent it shaking laterally
after the screw has worn a bit, or while in use, which is a common fault of piano
stools and seats. This is affected in making the bore in the lower part of the
column carrying the seat's screw perfectly true, and of the proper size to fit the
outside of the thread of the screw, while the top of the column is provided with a
female thread for receiving the screw of the proper depth to give the required
strength for supporting the seat. By having the outside of the thread made to fit
in the bore of the lower part of the column, as before stated, the seat will remain
steady without the least lateral motion at any position or elevation when being
used.
Another portion of my improvement consists in the manner of joining the feet or
legs of the piano stool together, and uniting them to the stock or column of the
stool; this is done by making the two, three, or more legs of such shape when they
are joined together at the centre to form cone projections both on the upper and
lower sides of the feet. The upper cone on the feet are fit into a corresponding
conical recess made in the lower part of the column, while a plate or nut is furnished
with a corresponding conical recess to fit the lower conical projection on the feet,
and by means of a screw bolt anchored or fastened to the lower part of the column.
The feet and columns are firmly united together by the screw nut pressing against
the under side of the feet or legs. In setting the feet together preparatory to
uniting them to the column dowel pins are used to hold them in position. This
Price 271

page_text: method of uniting the feet to the column when all the parts are made of metal has
the advantages of making the whole framework firm, strong, not liable to become
loose, can be readily put together, taken apart, and the whole of the parts of the
seat packed in a small compass for transportation.
This mode of fitting the feet to the column by conical joints may be applied to
any other purpose or pieces of furniture having a central support or central column
or columns provided with feet, legs, or supports, such as ordinary seats, tables, stands,
reading desks, music stands, sewing machines, and to other similar objects, three,
four, or more feet may be united together by means of the conical joints."
IMPROVED MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING FRAUD IN THE RECEIPT OF MONEY
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Britten at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 7th August 1877.
JOHN BRITTEN, of Camberwell, in the County of Surrey, Chemist. " IMPROVED
MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING FRAUD IN THE RECEIPT OF MONEY."
My Invention consists of an improved apparatus for checking the receipt of fares
on omnibuses and tramway cars.
The apparatus has a rotating chamber, in which the passenger places the amount
of his fare. The conductor then causes the chamber to revolve partially, whereby
the money inserted in it is caused to fall downwards, and at the same time the
opening above is closed. Before reaching the final chamber the money passes
through a kind of valve, so constructed that it closes when the apparatus is partially
inverted, and thereby prevents abstraction of the money.
The mechanical movements above described may be fixed to the box into which
the money finally falls; or, if preferred, the said mechanical parts may be fixed to the
end of an elastic tube, and the money may be conducted by means of such tube
into a locked pocket or pouch attached to the coat of the conductor.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PAVEMENTS AND THEIR APPLICATION FOR ADVERTISING PURPOSES."
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Reid, of Bexley Heath, in the County of Kent,
Civil Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PAVEMENTS AND THEIR
APPLICATION FOR ADVERTISING PURPOSES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Reid at the Office
"IM-
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th November 1877.
HENRY REID, of Bexley Heath, in the County of Kent, Civil Engineer.
PROVEMENTS IN PAVEMENTS AND THEIR APPLICATION FOR ADVERTISING PURPOSES."
My Invention consists in the use of Portland cement concrete slabs as a means of
advertising on pavements and walls. I prepare the cement concrete in the ordinary
way, and when in the moulds and before plasticity of the mass ceases I impress by
means of dies or other suitable means the form and character of the desired letters,
monogram, or other device, and into the cavities so made I form or place cement,
glass, timber, metal, or other materials, which when completed would represent
the required advertisements in such form or colours as may be determined.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Henry Reid in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 29th May
1878.
HENRY REID, of Bexley Heath, in the County of Kent, Civil Engineer. "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN PAVEMENTS AND THEIR APPLICATION FOR ADVERTISING PURPOSES."
My said Invention has for its object the manufacture of Portland or other cement
concrete slabs as a means of advertising on pavements and walls. For this purpose
I prepare the cement concrete in the most advantageous manner, either with or
without the addition of silicates or other indurating agents. Before the concrete
hardens I impress upon it the letters or other devices, and afterwards put into these
indentations or cavities cement metal, terra cotta, or wood, prepared of such colours as
may be required to illustrate the advertisement. I also previously prepare letters,
monograms, devices of various kinds made of metal, glass, terra cotta, or wood, and
on them place the preparation of concrete to make the slab so that when hardened
such letters form part of the pavement or slab.
By either of these two methods I secure a homogeneous mass of great density
which may be polished on the surface if desired.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, what I claim is the use of concrete slabs as above described for
advertising purposes.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Reid, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.
HENKY KEID.
(L.S.)
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PUNCHING 'DOBBY' CARDS USED IN FANCY WEAVING
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Yates at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 24th October 1877.
"
.
JOSEPH YATES, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster, Overlooker. IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PUNCHING 'DOBBY' CARDS USED IN
FANCY WEAVING."
"
This Invention relates to improvements in machinery or apparatus for punching
dobby" cards used in fancy weaving, and has for its object the production of a
machine of simple construction for punching cards in duplicate for dobbies, such
cards having two lines of perforations in pairs, arranged diagonally: For this
purpose I employ a guide plate having two rows of holes, into which are fitted
punches in a vertical position (punches for the laces and stud holes being
included).
The upper ends of the punches form shoulders or heads, which rest upon the
guide plate and prevent the punches from dropping through. The heads of the
punches in the front row stand higher than those in the-back row, and immediately
above the punches are corresponding lines of keys fastened to the extremities of
horizontal wires, whose other ends are acted upon by a pattern set of cards which
pass over a jacquard cylinder, to which a reciprocating motion is given as in an
ordinary jacquard machine. Below the guide plate is a die or punching plate, upon
which the cards to be punched are placed either by hand or by mechanical means.
An up-and-down motion is imparted to the die plate by means of two eccentrics
and connecting rods, one at each end of the die plate, the eccentrics being rotated
by a shaft fitted to the upper part of the machine. A little above the die plate
there is a guard for withdrawing the card from off the punches as the die plate
descends.
At each revolution of the machine the pattern card will act in rotation upon the
key wires, and thereby produce corresponding perforations in the card to be
punched, for when the ends of any of the key wires encounter a blank in the
pattern card, the corresponding keys will be moved from over the heads of the -

page_text: punches, thus allowing such punches to be lifted with the card upon their coming
in contact with it, whereas when the wires come opposite perforations in the
pattern card, they will (meeting with no resistance therefrom) allow the keys to
remain over the punches, and thus cause them to punch the card below. Springs
are employed to bring back the keys and wires to their former positions.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR FILTERING LIQUIDS; APPLICABLE ALSO TO OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES."
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Sallien at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 25th April 1877.
" AN
LOUIS SALLIEN, of Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium, Industrial.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR FILTERING LIQUIDS; APPLICABLE ALSO TO OTHER SIMILAR
PURPOSES."
My Invention relates to an improved filtering apparatus composed of a vessel, in
the interior of which a funnel distributes the liquid to be filtered upon a strainer,
which serves to conduct the liquid into the lower part of the apparatus. I combine
with the filter an air tube, provided, or not, with a valve. In carrying out the
process of filtration with my apparatus I proceed in the following manner:-After
preliminary preparation of the liquor or liquid to be filtered it is introduced into
the funnel of the filter; the apparatus is thus charged, and the filtration commences,
the liquid passing through the strainer, which is composed of wool, or flannel, or
other similar material. The funnel is supported by its upper edge upon a rim
formed by the widening of the edge of the filter. To the bottom of the funnel is
attached by means of two lugs a plate, slightly convex, which thus distributes the
liquor or liquid to be filtered gently and uniformly upon the strainer or sieve below.
This strainer or sieve is composed, by preference, of tinned metal wire, and forms a
circumference over which the flannel or woollen material is secured. A handle is
provided for the purpose of facilitating its adjustment or removal.
In filters of large size cross bars are provided in order to support the wirework of
the strainer or sieve, the extremities of which bars are connected by a circular metal
wire, also tinned. These cross bars are supported together with the sieve by an
internal flange or projection, soldered all round inside the filter.
The lower part of the filter contains the filtered liquid, which flows out through a
discharge valve or cock.
The air tube, before mentioned, extends from below the sieve to the upper part
of the filter. The effect of this air tube is to facilitate the filtration by affording an
outlet for the air which the liquid expels before it, as it is filtered. This tube
may be provided with a valve of any suitable description, as, for example, a clock
valve, or with a cock, or plain stopper.
The Invention is applicable to coffee pots, the ground coffee being placed upon

page_text: the strainer or sieve. Boiling water is poured into the upper part of the pot or
filter, the cock or other valve is opened, and the coffee is filtered immediately.
After this filtration the valve is closed, and the coffee is concentrated, there being
no outlet for the evaporation. In small apparatus of this description the funnel may
be dispensed with. The coffee pot is provided with a cover at its upper part, a
discharge cock and a stand at its base. Its body, which is made by preference of a
cylindrical form, terminates in a bottom which fits into the fixed or movable base.
The apparatus is otherwise similar in construction to the filter herein-before
described.
PEN, LEAD PENCIL, & SLATE PENCIL-CASE, WITH ERASER
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jacob Wolf Spear at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th November 1877.
JACOB WOLF SPEAR, of Sonneberg, in the Empire of Germany.
PEN, LEAD PENCIL, & SLATE PENCIL-CASE, WITH ERASER."
"A COMBINED
The object of this Invention is the combination of a penholder, lead and slate
pencil-cases, and ink or pencil eraser, in such a manner that when closed the whole
are contained in a small compass, and so that any one of the articles, when required,
can be placed in position for use with facility.
In carrying out my Invention I provide a split tubular holder in two parts,
jointed together telescope-wise, the end of the part forming the joint being provided
with a piece of erasing material. The holder for the pen fits in one end of the
tube, and is arranged so that the pen, when not in use, may be reversed and fit
inside the tube so as to be protected. I provide a short spring tube, in one end of
which is placed a piece of slate pencil, and in the other end a piece of lead pencil,
and a point protector fits over the spring tube so as to cover the point of either the
lead or slate pencil, such protector fitting into the split tubular holder, protecting
the point when not in use, and allowing of either pencil to be used by reversing
the protector and fitting the closed end thereof in the tubular holder.
By this arrangement any of the articles may be used with facility, and when the
apparatus is closed up the whole of the articles are enclosed within the holder and
protected from injury.