CANDLESTICKS AND NOZELLS FOR SCONCES, CHANDELIERS, GIRANDOLES, AND OTHER THINGS USED FOR HOLDING CANDLES, UPON ENTIRE NEW CONSTRUCTIONS, WHICH WILL RECEIVE, KEEP UPRIGHT, AND HOLD FAST, CANDLES OF EVERY SIZE, WITHOUT THE TROUBLE OF PAREING, OR THE ADDITION OF PAPER, AND WITHOUT DAMAGING THE CANDLES EITHER IN PUTTING IN OR TAKING OUT
Year: 1785

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
TATE, of Mill Street, in the Parish of Saint George, Hanover Square, in the
County of Middlesex, Brazier and Ironmonger, send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third, by His
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date the
Twenty-sixth day of February, in the twenty-fifth year of His reign, did give
unto me, the said James Tate, His special licence that I, the said James Tate,
during the term of fourteen years therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and Town of Berwick-
upon-Tweed, and within all His Majesty's Dominions abroad, my Invention
for "CANDLESTICKS AND NOZELLS FOR SCONCES, CHANDELIERS, GIRANDOLES, AND
OTHER THINGS USED FOR HOLDING CANDLES, UPON ENTIRE NEW CONSTRUCTIONS, WHICH
WILL RECEIVE, KEEP UPRIGHT, AND HOLD FAST, CANDLES OF EVERY SIZE, WITHOUT THE
TROUBLE OF PAREING, OR THE ADDITION OF PAPER, AND WITHOUT DAMAGING THE
CANDLES EITHER IN PUTTING IN OR TAKING OUT;" in which said Letters Patent
there is contained a proviso obliging me, the said James Tate, under my hand
and seal, to cause a particular description of the nature of my said Invention,
and how the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in His Majesty's High
Court of Chancery within one calendar month next after the date of the said
recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, relation being thereunto had,
may more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
James Tate, do hereby declare that my said Invention for Candlesticks and
Nozels for Sconces, Chandeliers, Girandoles, and other things used for holding

page_text: Candles, which will receive, keep upright, and hold fast Candles, of every
Size, without the trouble of Pareing, or the Addition of Paper, and without
Damaging the Candles either in putting in or taking out, and the several
constructions thereof, is and are described in the following manner, viz. :-
The First. A nozel of the common shape is cut with two, three, or more
grooves in the under side of the cup or rim through into the socket of the
nozel, and to a convenient depth down the socket as many other grooves or
recesses are cut from the sides of the grooves first made, and to open into the
first at one end. These last grooves are for recesses for as many springs, and
may be made round, oblong, or angular. Two, three, or more sliders are then
made to fit in the grooves first mentioned. Two, three, or more springs are
then put into the other grooves or recesses. The ends of these springs are
made to press upon the ends of the sliders, or to take hold of the side by a
notch cut in the slider. The springs acting against the sliders press them out
into the socket. A candle then put into the nozle presses the slider back, and
the springs acting against the sliders holds the candle fast. The under part
of the cup or rim of the nozel is then covered with a cap
screws on the outside of the sockett, or may be screwed on.
plate covers the springs and part of the sliders, and keeps the springs from
damage. A Drawing, taken from this description, is made in a Plate marked
No. 1. All the grooves in this nozel may be cut in the upper side of the rim
or cup; and the cap or plate that is put on the under side of the former must
then be put on the upper side of this.
or plate, which
This cap or
The Second. Two, three, or more holes are cut immediately under the
cup or rim of the nozel into the socket. Two, three, or more springs are then
fastened to the outside of the socket of the nozel nearly at the bottom; from
thence they take a direction to the top of the socket, inclining from the same
under the cup or rim of the nozel. These springs, which have a solid head, are
bent forward to go into the holes cut at the top of this socket. In this
situation the springs incline outwards, so that the heads of them are only seen
in the inside of the socket. Two, three, or more bevelled notches are then cut
in the socket of the candlestick that is to receive the nozel, so that the socket
of the candlestick will receive in the deepest part of the notches the nozel and
springs nearly in their projecting state; then, when the nozle is turned round,
the springs will slide as the nozle turns from the deepest part of the notches to
the shallowest part of the same, which presses out the heads of the springs in
proportion as the nozle turns, till it closes on the candle and holds it fast. A
short spring or two must also be fastened to the outside of the socket of this
nozel, to press against the inside of the socket of the candlestick, to cause it to

page_text: turn round stiffly, and keep its place. The ends of the springs that hold the
candle, if turned outwards, will answer this purpose; a piece of cork, or other
elastick substance, will also do the same. The nozell is then fastened in the
candlestick by a rivet or screw, which is received in the nozle by a hole, cut
one third or more round the same, which will let the nozle turn as much as is
wanted. A Drawing, taken from this description, is made in a Plate marked
No. 2. The above nozel may be made to act in the following manner:-If with
two springs fastened to the outside of the socket of the nozel, cut two, four,
six, or more notches in the socket of the candlestick. These notches, by two
and two, are to be of different depths. When you press the springs of the
nozel into two of the shallowest notches, the springs at the top will then come
out so far as to hold a small candle; and when pressed into two of the deepest
notches or grooves, it will then hold a large candle, and in proportion of
the rest.
The Third. Two, three, or more grooves are cut in the under side of the
cup or rim of the nozle through into the sockett. Two, three, or more sliders
are made to fit the grooves. In each of these sliders is cut an oblong hole,
slanting across the same, nearly from one side to the other. A cup or plate is
then made with two, three, or more stubs or projections properly placed, so
that when this cup is put on over the sliders, the stubs or projections fall into
the holes made in the sliders; then, by turning round the cup or plate, the
stubs acting in the holes presses out the sliders into the socket of the nozel,
and holds the candle fast. A spring, piece of cork, or any other elastic sub-
stance, may be put between the rim of the nozel and the cup to cause it to
turn stiffly and keep its place. The cup may be fixed on with screws, or be
screwed on the socket of the nozel by a ferrel or ring, made with a female
screw to receive a male screw made on the socket of the nozel.
taken from this description, is made in a Plate marked No. 8.
A Drawing,
The grooves
in the nozel may be cut in the upper side of the cup or rim of the nozel, then
the
cup or plate that is put on the under side of the former must be put on
the upper side of this. The nozel may then be rivetted into the socket of the
candlestick, or one or two stubs may be made on the socket of the nozel,
and grooves made to receive them in the socket of the candlestick to prevent
the nozle from turning altogether. The sliders in the above vessel may be
made to cut without holes, by bevelling them off' at the ends for the stubs to
act against; but then the stubs will only force them in, but not draw them
back again.
The Fourth. Two holes are cut in the socket of the nozel from the under
side of the rim or cup to a proper distance down the socket. Two pieces of

page_text: cup or
metal is then made, one end of cach being a semicircle. From the end or
middle of these semicircular ends proceeds a shank, which terminates at the
other end in a small circle. In cach of these last small circles are
recess, with a hole in the middle for a rivet, and another small hole to receive
the end of a scrowl spring; then the two round ends are laid one on top of the
other, the scrole spring is put in the recess between. This spring presses the
first semicircular ends together. The whole is then rivetted through the holes
in the center to the rim of the nozel, the two semicircular ends being then in
the center of the socket of the nozle. The candle being then put in, expands
the semicircular ends, and the spring acting to press them together, holds the
-candle fast. A Drawing, taken from this description of the two pieces of
metal with their semicircular ends, &c. is made in a Plate marked No. 4.
This may be made to act with a straight or semicircular spring only, by
fastening the end of the spring to one of the shanks; the other end of the
spring acting against the other shank, which will hold the candle same as the
other. But this spring must be fastened at the extremity of the end, and out-
side of the center, which holds the rivet that fastens the whole to the rim of
the nozel. These two extreme ends may be made broad, so as to be pressed
together with the fingers, which will expand the semicircles in the center of
the nozel, and make room for the candle, then, when your fingers are taken
away, the springs closes the sides on the candle.
The Fifth. The socket of the candlestick is cut wit one hole from under
the rim or cup to a convenient distance down the socket. This hole may
reach from one third to half round the socket. The end of a scrowl or
circular spring is then fastened to one end of the hole in the inside of the
socket or outside. This spring presses itself forward into the socket one third
or more of the diameter of the same. The other end of the spring, which is
loose, terminates in a plate or piece to take hold of with the fingers, so that
'when you want to put your candle in the candlestick, you must take hold of
the loose end of the spring and pull it outwards, which will make room in the
nozel or socket for the candle to go in; and when you let go the end of the
spring, it presses the candle to the opposite side of the socket and holds it fast.
A Drawing, taken from this description, is made in Plate marked No. 5. All
the candlesticks, and nozles for candlesticks, girandoles, sconces, and other
things, are to be made in gold or silver plate, silver plated on copper or
other metals, brass or other mixed metals, iron or steel, tin, &c.
The Sixth.-One, two, or more holes are cut in the socket of the candlestick
a small distance from the top. One, two, or more springs are then rivetted to
the outside of the socket from two to three inches from the top. These

page_text: springs take a direction from thence to the top of the socket, at which place
they are bent forward to go into the holes first mentioned. The heads of
these springs, from the place they are bent forward, are thick and solid at the
end which is made circular. The springs then incline outwards from the
candlestick. A ring or ferrel is then put on the pillar of the candlestick,
either over the heads of the springs when forced into the socket, or put on the
under end of the pillar before it is rivetted or fastened to the foot. The ring
or fence is then loose below where the springs are rivetted, and moves up and
down on the pillar. When you want to fasten the candle, you draw this ring
or ferrel over the lower heads of the springs, which presses in the heads as
you force the ferril up, till it closes on the candle.
till it closes on the candle. A Drawing, taken from
this description, is made in a Plate marked No. 6.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Tate, have hereunto set my hand
and scal, this Twenty-fourth day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand seven hundred and eighty-five.
JAMES (L.S.) TATE.
Sealed and delivered (being first duly
stampt) in the presence of
NATH¹ ALLEN.
JOHN GROOME.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-fourth day of March, in
the year of our Lord 1785, the aforesaid James Tate came before our said Lord
the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification aforesaid, and
all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above written.
And also the Specification aforesaid was stampt according to the tenor of the
Statutes made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Twenty-fourth day of March, in the year of Our Lord One
thousand seven hundred and eighty-five.