matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
THE MANUFACTURE UPON CIRCULAR FRAMES OF A FABRIC SUITABLE FOR PETTICOATS AND OTHER GARMENTS, CURTAINS, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF FURNITURE
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman, at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th July 1857. A communication from Monsieur Lucevilliard.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, E.C., Editor of the Mechanics' Magazine and Patent Agent, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "THE MANUFACTURE UPON
CIRCULAR FRAMES OF A FABRIC SUITABLE FOR PETTICOATS AND OTHER GARMENTS,
CURTAINS, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF FURNITURE," (communicated to me by
Monsieur Lucevilliard, a foreigner residing abroad,) to be as follows:-—
The object of this Invention is the manufacturing upon circular looms or
frames of knitted petticoats or knitted fabrics, with sheaths, bands, or stripes
in plain or close knitting, to form slides or cases when required for the intro-
duction of or for containing strips of steel, whalebone, cane, or other stiffening
agent.
In order to produce upon circular frames a fabric with alternately open work
and plain or close work to form the band, stripe, or sheath, several means
may be adopted.
1st, one or more needles may be removed from the needle bed; 2nd, one
or more needle barbs may be closed; 3rd, a pressure wheel may be so
divided as to produce at given intervals open work and plain or close stripes

page_text: or bands. To work upon a circular frame with two loop wheels ("mailliuses"),
I retain one only with its presser, the pressure wheel of the other answers as a
pattern wheel, the divisions in which produce the open and the plain or close
work. If the frame has four loop wheels, I retain three, and replace the fourth
by a pattern wheel. In these two cases I work by alternating, that is to say,
I make a portion of close work with the three loop wheels, then I use the
pattern wheel and make three or four rows of open work, and so on. If there
are six loop wheels, I retain four, and substitute for the two others two
pattern wheels. I can then work without alternating, that is, without raising
at intervals the two pattern wheels. When the fabric is removed from the
frame it is split in the direction of its length, aud divided transversely according
to the fullness required.
In order to form the cases for receiving the stiffening agent in an ordinary
knitted fabric, a very light fabric only need be produced, a thread being added
at intervals to form the sheath or case.
By the same means a knitted fabric is formed upon circular frames, com-
posed of open and close work alternately, and this kind of fabric will be found
particularly suitable for curtains, furniture, caps, gimps, sleeves, &c.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ATTACHING OR SECURING BUTTONS TO ARTICLES OP CLOTHING
Year: 1857

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Purcell at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th July 1857.
I, JAMES PURCELL, of Number 15, Mount Street, Whitechapel Road, in
the County of Middlesex, Tailor, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ATTACHING OR SECURING BUTTONS TO ARTICLES
OP CLOTHING," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of the use of wire in the place of thread or other
substances usually employed for the purpose of fastening buttons to articles of
clothing, and of the method of placing and arranging the wire so employed.
I use steel, iron, or any other wire possessing sufficient toughness and
rigidity, the same being cut into convenient lengths and passed through the
holes of the buttons and the cloth or material of which the article is composed,
the ends of such pieces of wire being bent in opposite directions, and pressed
flat, and properly secured between the lining and the external fabric. In
cases in which great strength is required two pieces of wire may be used for
each button, each of such pieces being passed through opposite holes of the
buttons, the ends thereof being reversed, so as to bear any strain to which
the buttons may be subjected. Where, however, no extraordinary strength is
necessary, one piece of wire passed through two of the boles of the button,'
and secured as herein-before mentioned, will be sufficient. When the buttons

page_text: are near together they may be still more securely attached by looping the
wires between the lining and the external fabric, so as to connect any desired
number of buttons with each other.
When steel or iron wire is employed the same may be galvanized, for the
purpose of preventing corrosion or oxidation.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN PLOUGHS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Slater at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st June
1857.
I, THOMAS SLATER, of Finkee Street, Hull, do hereby declare the nature of
the Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN PLOUGHS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object an improvement in ploughs, and the
improvement consists in coating the cast-iron mould board and metal parts
which enter and turn over the earth with glass or vitreous compound, by
which the surfaces of such parts pass more freely through the earth.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN WINDING WORSTED ON TO THE CREEL BOBBINS OF CARPET Looms
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Everard Barton, of Kidderminster, in the
County of Worcester, Carpet. Manufacturer, for the Invention of "AN
IMPROVEMENT IN WINDING WORSTED ON TO THE CREEL BOBBINS OF CARPET
Looms."
Sealed the 26th February 1858, and dated the 17th December 1857.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said John Everard Barton at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and
Declaration, on the 17th December 1857, pursuant to the 9th Section of
the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
EVERARD BARTON, of Kidderminster, in the County of Worcester, Carpet
Manufacturer, do hereby declare that the nature of the Invention of "AN
IMPROVEMENT IN WINDING WORSTED ON TO THE CREEL BOBBINS OF CARPET LOOMS,"
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
My Invention consists in combining worsted-winding machinery with swifts
or reels, in such manner that worsted may be wound directly on to the creel or
carpet bobbins from the skeins or hanks.
Having thus stated the nature of my said Invention, I will proceed more
fully to describe the manner of performing the same.

page_text: DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 shows an end view; Figure 2, a plan of the mangle-wheel move-
ment; and Figure 3, parts of an elevation of a machine, such as is ordinarily
used for winding worsted, but modified in such manner as to admit of the
winding from the hanks being direct to the creel or carpet bobbins, in place of
having the winding machinery arranged for winding the worsted from the
skeins on to spools or large bobbins and then on to the creels or carpet
bobbins, as has heretofore been the case.
The winding machinery being well known, it will not be necessary to enter
into a description of the details thereof; and sufficient is shown in the
Drawings to enable a workman readily to modify such like machinery when it
is desired to work according to my Invention. The worsted, whether single
yarn or whether doubled two, three, or more fold, is received in skeins, which
are placed on swifts a, a, of the ordinary description; but in this system they
are combined directly with the winding machinery, so that the worsted from
each may be directly wound on to the creel or carpet bobbins b, b.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I would have it understood that I make no claim to the
winding machinery separately, nor do I claim the swifts or reels separately
but what I claim is the combination whereby I am enabled to wind direct
from the skeins or banks on to the creel or carpet bobbins.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Everard Barton, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
Witness,
S. CARPMAEL.
JOHN EVERARD BARTON. (L.B.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS AND SHOES, AND IN MACHINERY FOR THAT PURPOSE
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John King at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th September,
1857. A communication.
I, JOHN KING, of Cannon Street, in the City of London, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
BOOTS AND SHOES, AND IN MACHINERY FOR THAT PURPOSE," to be as follows:-
I place the in-sole of a boot or shoe upon a last mounted with the bottom
upwards in a machine; the upper leather is placed round the last and its
edges are brought over the edges of the in-sole, and are seized by a series of
pincers or grippers attached to levers. These levers are drawn back and
secured by ratchets, and the upper leather is thus stretched and made to fit
closely and smoothly on the last. The toe of the last rests upon a pad, and it
is secured by a strap or straps drawn down by levers. The edges of the
upper leather are secured by a few tacks to the in-sole.
upper leather and of the in-sole are coated with cement before placing them
in the machine, and they are heated after they are fixed upon the last, by
which means the cement is softened and caused to adhere; the tacks are.
afterwards removed. This cement is prepared by dissolving from 4 to 6 parts
of gutta percha and one of caoutchouc, or other suitable proportions, in.
bisulphuret of carbon and mixing the solutions.
The edges of the
The last with the upper leather and in-sole is placed in a press between
two dies or jaws, and two wedges or fingers jointed together are passed along
it, so as to smooth down the creases in the leather, while the union of the

page_text: in-sole and upper leather is completed by the pressure. The sole is now
cemented on the in-sole and on the edges of the upper leather, and is pressed
firmly upon them by means of a machine, in which several metallic straps or
moulds are drawn down upon the sole by means of levers. The sole and heel
are stamped out by cast-iron dies in an eccentric or other press, and the heel
is filled with a composition of gutta percha, white resin, or galipot, or turpen-
tine scraps, or raspings of leather and drying oil heated and mixed together.
The boot or shoe is placed with its last in another machine, in which it is
surrounded by a metal plate or guide corresponding to the proper form of
the sole. A small plane or cutter is passed round this guide, and pares the
sole to the proper form; the finished boot or shoe is then removed from
the last. The lasts are made of iron with an inclined piece from the top to
the instep, which is capable of being raised and lowered by a screw. A gas
burner, having a number of jets arranged so as to correspond with the form
of the sole, is employed for heating the cement. The surfaces which are to
receive the cement are previously scratched by means of a card cylinder or
roller covered with teeth or spikes.
A NEW APPARATUS FOR ADVERTIZING IN RAILWAY CARRIAGES, OMNIBUSES, CABRIOLETS, AND OTHER VEHICLES, AND IN THEATRES AND PUBLIC PLACES
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Schmidt at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th May
1857.
I, HENRY SCHMIDT, of 82, Rue St. Honoré, Paris, in the Empire of
France, and of 34, Surrey Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex,
England, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW
APPARATUS FOR ADVERTIZING IN RAILWAY CARRIAGES, OMNIBUSES, CABRIOLETS, AND
OTHER VEHICLES, AND IN THEATRES AND PUBLIC PLACES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the construction of an apparatus, forming a new
mode of advertising, for the use of railway carriages, vessels, omnibusses,
carriages, theatres, hotels, bath rooms, and all public places of resort.
This apparatus has the advantage of containing a considerable number of
advertisements, arranged in different classes, according to their object, in a
small space and elegant form. It consists of a closed box in which a certain
number of rollers are placed, round each of which a band of prepared cloth is
rolled on which the advertisements are printed. The rollers turn in fitting
supports, and have one of their extremities governed by a flat spring, rolled
strongly round, but still sufficiently expanding to allow the band of cloth to be
entirely unrolled when pulled out, and to bring them back to their places when
let go. On the top of the box there is an opening above each roller, in front of
which one end of the band is fixed, and over it is an inscription indicating the

page_text: nature of the advertisements printed on the band working through that
opening.
It is unnecessary to add, that the materials employed, as well as the number
of rollers and their dimensions, and other details in the construction, can be
varied, consequently I do not limit myself to the data of the present descrip-
tion; but I think that..the best method of carrying out. my Invention is the
one described above, which will be more easily understood by a reference to
the accompanying Drawings. The boxes contain from one to one hundred
rollers, according to the use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CONVERTING MUSKETS AND OTHER FIRE-ARMS INTO RIFLED FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1857

page_text: This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Vincent Wanostrocht at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th October
1857. A communication from Messrs. Minié and Delvigne.
I, VINCENT WANOSTROCHT, of St. Swithin's Lane, in the City of London, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CONVERTING
MUSKETS AND OTHER FIRE-ARMS INTO RIFLED FIRE-ARMS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in converting muskets and
other fire-arms into rifled fire-arms, and consists in introducing into the barrel
of the musket or other fire-arm at the breach end a tube, by preference of
about half the length of the barrel; the interior of the tube has rifle grooves
formed in it, and its exterior size is such as accurately to fit the interior of the
barrel. The mouth of the tube which is nearest the muzzle is bevilled, in
order to facilitate the introduction of the ball, and on the other end of the tube
there is an enlargement, which fits into a recess at the breach end of the
barrel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PURIFYING GAS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Paul Desrues at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th January
1857.
I, PAUL DESRUES, of Paris, in the Empire of France, Chemist, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PURIFYING GAS,"
to be as follows:-
According to my Invention I purify gas by hypochlorites generally, but in
particular by that of lime (chloride of lime); these bodies seize the sul-
phurous compounds (principally sulphuretted hydrogen) contained in gas,
without at all altering the colour of the gas or detracting from its lighting
power. By this means the gas loses its offensive odour.
The ordinary apparatus used for purifying gas may be used with my Inven-
tion; but as the purifying is effected more rapidly, apparatus to purify the same
volume in a given time may be much less extensive. I introduce the hypo-
chlorite of lime, in the ordinary manner of disposing the purifying materials,
into vats. By reason of the slight thickness of material of which the beds of
the vats may consist, the gas has to overcome but a very slight pressure com-,
pared to what takes place in ordinary processes.
This advantage saves at least two-thirds the hand labour usually required.
When the chloride of lime is exhausted it contains a considerable quantity of

page_text: chloride of calcium, which seizes. on and combines with the ammoniacal matter
that gas contains.
The chloride of calcium may be employed either as it is produced or puri-
fied, by dissolving it in water. It produces insoluble carbonate of lime and
hydrochlorate of ammonia, which are seasily separated by a washing, and
adapted for commercial purposes.
THE EMPLOYMENT OP. SULPHURET OF CARBON FOR MOTIVE PURPOSES, AND ENGINES AND APPARATUSES FOR APPLYING AND REGENERATING THE SAME
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Augustus Seyferth at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd October
1857.
I, AUGUSTUS SEYFERTH, of Paris, in the Empire of France, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "THE EMPLOYMENT OP. SULPHURET OF
CARBON FOR MOTIVE PURPOSES, AND ENGINES AND APPARATUSES FOR APPLYING AND
REGENERATING THE SAME," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the employment of sulphuret of carbon, in the
manner herein-after explained, for obtaining motive power, and in the engines
and apparatuses herein-after described.
I first vaporize the sulphuret of carbon in a closed vessel surrounded with
water or with steam, and lead the vapour into a cylinder or cylinders, the
pistons and piston rods of which I lubricate with water, as, from sulphuret of
carbon decomposing grease and oils, these matters could not be employed
for the purpose.
After performing its work in the cylinders I lead the vapour into a con-
denser formed of cotton or other suitable textile material, held between plates
or by other means, in a vessel containing water; water is caused to trickle
down upon the cotton and keep it constantly wet, whereby a very extended
surface is obtained, by coming in contact with which the vapour of the
sulphuret of carbon becomes condensed, and is then drawn off in a liquid to
again enter the boiler or vessel in which it was first vaporized.
A NEW OR IMPROVED INSTRUMENT OR APPARATUS FOR STRAINING OR FILTERING COLOURS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John James Rippon at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th April
1857.
I, JOHN JAMES RIPPON, of Oakenshaw Print Works, near Accrington, in
the County of Lancaster, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED INSTRUMENT OR APPARATUS FOR
STRAINING OR FILTERING COLOURS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of an instrument or apparatus for straining or filtering
colours, constructed in the following manner :-The body of the instrument
consists of a hollow cylinder or vessel, closed at bottom and open at top; a
piston or plunger works tightly in the said cylinder or vessel, the said piston
being raised and lowered by any suitable mechanism. The said piston or
plunger is not solid, but consists of a frame, on which a filtering fabric or fine
perforated metallic disc is supported. In using the instrument or apparatus,
the piston is forced to the bottom of the cylinder or vessel, and the liquid
color to be strained is poured on the said piston; the said piston is then
raised in the cylinder, when a vacuum or partial vacuum is formed underneath
the said piston. The atmospheric pressure on the surface of the colour forces
the said colour through the piston or filter into the vacuum beneath, and
thereby effects the straining or filtering of the said colour.

page_text: The straining or filtering is effected by atmospheric pressure, and my In-
vention is applicable to the straining or filtering of all such colors as are
liquid or semi-liquid.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR EMBOSSING WOVEN FABRICS, PAPER, LEATHER, AND OTHER MATERIALS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Smith at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th August
1857.
I, THOMAS SMITH, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Silk Finisher, Embosser, &c., do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR EMBOSSING
WOVEN FABRICS, PAPER, LEATHER, AND OTHER MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
Instead of having the engraved roller which is used for embossing in one
piece the whole width of the machine, or the width of the goods to be
embossed, as now and hitherto adopted, I make a number of small rollers,
of any convenient or required length, and by means of a feather-edged shaft,
screw, slot, or any convenient method I can remove and secure the said small
rollers to any particular position on the shaft, as may be required for the
pattern to be embossed, thus avoiding the necessity of removing a large roller
from the machine and replacing it with another, as may be required for the
design.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GRAVING DOCKS
Year: 1857

page_text: LUGI
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Boxall Grantham, John
Grantham, and Henry Sharp at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 22nd April 1857.
We, RICHARD BOXALL GRANTHAM, of 7, Great Scotland Yard, London,
Civil Engineer, and JOHN GRANTHAM and HENRY SHARг, of Liverpool, in the
County of Lancaster, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GRAVING DOCKS," to be as follows:-
In consequence of the great length of which both sailing and steam vessels
are being built it has become necesary to construct graving docks of great
length to receive them, but in order to render the said docks available for
vessels of all sizes they have been divided in their length into chambers. One
object sought in the present Invention is to improve such graving docks, 'so
that vessels of various lengths and dimensions requiring different periods of
time for their repair may be accommodated in the same dock without any loss
of space, or without causing interruption to all, when one or more vessels
being completed require to be let out.
The improved graving docks are to be constructed in the same manner as
heretofore, with gates, caissons, or other moveable dams at their entrances into
and out of floating docks, tideways, rivers, or basins in such places as may be
deemed necessary and expedient.
Docks having separate chambers have been constructed either with fixed

page_text: or temporary dams, but it is now proposed to construct them with piers and
abutments, or with grooves only, at various intervals along the docks, so that
a moveable caisson or other dam may be applied to either of such piers, abut-
monts, or grooves as the length of the vessel may require; and it is intended
that the chambers thus made should be provided with the necessary blocks,
stays, or struts, and that thero should be-culverts provided with.the necessary
valves, sluices, and other means for stopping out-or letting in the water upon
one or both sides of cach chamber, so that water may be let out from the
chamber, or chambers above or within the docks nearest to the entranco
when the dam is closed, and also to let water in to float the dam as well as
the vessel within each chamber, to enable the dam to be moved away and
the vessel to float out, the water being let in or out by pumping or other
means.
Vessels of greater length than one or more of the chambers may occupy the
whole or part of two or more of the chambers, the piers, walls, abutments, or
grooves being so constructed as to admit vessels being repaired with the same
convenience and facility as in any other part of the dock.
It is also proposed, where convenient, to have an entrance at each end
of such graving dock, to be made, as herein-before specified for a graving dock,
with one entrance, and to be provided with all like conveniences and
appliances for the proper working and using of the same.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN PROPELLING SHIPS, BOATS, AND OTHER VESSELS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th July 1857.-A communication.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, E.C., Editor of the Mechanics' Magazine and Patent Agent, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN
PROPELLING SHIPS, BOATS, AND OTHER VESSELS," (communicated to me by a
foreigner residing abroad,) to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in fitting to the bow or other suitable part of a ship.
boat, or other vessel, two submerged wheels of like diameter, fitted with an
equal number of blades, and placed horizontally and in such manner that an
imaginary line connecting their centres would intersect at right angles the
axis or a line drawn from stem to stern of the vessel. The wheels are fitted
within semicylindrical cases or half drums or cases, enclosing one-half or a
portion of their peripheries, and are made to rotate at the same rate of velocity
by means of cranked arms, worked by the piston rod of a steam engine or
otherwise. To propel the vessel, the wheels are driven in relatively reverse
directions; while to turn or steer her they are rotated in the same direction.
Instead of two wheels, a single submerged wheel, fitted with blades enclosed
in a half or segmental drum and placed horizontally, may be employed.

page_text: For canal navigation, and otherwise where desired, the wheel or wheels may
be placed in the same plane with the kcel.
The blades may be attached to dises or not, and the wheel cases placed
close together (when two are employed), so that the blades come nearly or
quite in contact.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd June 1857.-A communication.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, E.C., Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS," (communicated to me
by a foreigner residing abroad,) to be as follows:-
In breech-loading fire-arms, constructed according to this Invention, a box
in wrought iron contains all the mechanism. This box has straight side plates,
which carry a pin or bolt, on which is mounted a lever, divided into two
branches in the form of forks at its fore end. These branches embrace the
breech-piece or chamber on the right and on the left, to impart to it the
backward and forward motions it bas to make. In the rear of the moveable
breech-piece is a large wedge or abutment piece or support, sustained by a
small wedge. This piece receives in a receding angle the back of the
breech-piece, which is of a corresponding angular form.
The action of the fire-arm is as follows:-With the fore-finger of the right
hand draw back a hook connected to the abutment piece or wedge, and with
it the wedge; the lever before mentioned is thus disengaged and descends, and
by the action of a spur or projection formed on it upon a small wheel con-
nected to the wedge, carries down this latter, which slides in oblique grooves
and parallel guides, thus leaving a vacancy for the breech-piece or chamber,
which in its turn is pushed back by the forked branches of the lever. The

page_text: breech-piece or chamber thus pushed is carried by two small rollers fitted to
it on both sides, and which slide in a groove in a direction parallel with the
axis of the arm, until the mouth of the chamber is sufficiently withdrawn from
the barrel, into the rear of which it was lodged. Then one of the rollers
reaches a bend in its groove, and changes its direction with the groove, and
falls down, whereby the fore end of the chamber is raised and its mouth
presented in a convenient position to receive the charge. Then again, the
position the chamber assumes brings into play a small lever, which drives back
the percussion rod or hammer to allow of the cap being placed on the back of
the chamber. All the movements of these different parts are simultaneous,
and follow the simple moving of the principal lever from top to bottom and
from back to front upon its pivot or fulcrum. As soon as the cartridge has
been introduced, a reverse movement by a single action of the hand replaces
all the parts into their original positions, and the ball, consequent upon the
pressure of the lever upon the wedge of the wedge upon the chamber, and of
the chamber against the breech, is forced into the rear end of the barrel, where
the grooves of the rifling commence.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FENCES
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Macpherson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
October 1857.
I, ALEXANDER MACPHERSON, of Carstairs, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Joiner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FENCES," to be as follows, that is to
say:
The
This Invention relates to a simple and cheap arrangement of apparatus and
materials to be used for the manufacture of fences of various kinds.
materials employed for the purpose are rope or spun yarn, with transverse
rails or bars of wood interwoven therewith. Supposing three several lines of
rope are used to form the three horizontal lines or lengths of the fencing, the
wooden bars answering for the vertical pieces which enter the earth, these
ropes, in two or more strands to each line, are wound upon rotatory bobbins or
carriers set within rotatory frames or cage holders. For a three-lined fence
there are of course three of such rope twisters, and they are all driven in
concert, being set in a row on horizontal shafts driven by suitable gearing.
In commencing to work the apparatus, the attendant, having attached the
front ends of the ropes to a weighted holder at the front end, causes the
twisters to revolve so as to twist the several strands into corresponding lines
of rope. When the proper length has thus been twisted up, he inserts a

page_text: wooden bar or stick horizontally into the open portions of the several strands
just in front of the twisters, and then proceeds to twist the bar or stick
into its place. As each bar is thus interwoven, more length of strands is
drawn forward, and the operation thus proceeds until the necessary length of
fencing has been made. The bars of wood are or may be notched at the
parts where they are embraced by the strands, so as to secure them well in
their places. Fencing of this kind is set up in position in the field, for use,
simply by entering the bottom ends of the bars into the ground.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN AMALGAMATING CERTAIN SUBSTANCES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF FUEL
Year: 1857

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Neville at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th April
1857.
J, WILLIAM NEVILLE, of the Island of Jersey, in the British Channel, Doctor
of Medicine, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN AMALGAMATING CERTAIN SUBSTANCES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF FUEL," to
be as follows:
I propose to grind or otherwise reduce to powder the article called "culm,"
whether anthracite or bitumenous, and to mix the same with clay or other
similar argilaceous substance.
I propose to use culm either seperately, say, anthracite and clay or bitu-
menous and clay, or I previously mix the two "culms" together and afterwards
mix with clay. The mixing of culm or culms with clay may be made either
previous to grinding the culm or subsequently, and may be effected by any
of the well-known processes for mixing earthy substances. When the admix-
ture is complete it is passed into moulds of any suitable form, and when dry
it is fit for use as fuel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPA- RATUS FOR HEATING THE FEED WATER OF STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1857

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Davies at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd October
1857.
I, SAMUEL DAVIES, of Brilley, in the County of Hereford, Mechanic, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPA-
RATUS FOR HEATING THE FEED WATER OF STEAM BOILERS," to be as follows:-
To the outside of the smoke box or chamber of the ordinary portable or
travelling steam engine, or to any similar chamber of any other kind of non-
condensing steam engine through which the exhaust or eduction pipe of the
engine is carried, I attach a pipe (which, for distinction sake, I call the con-
denser pipe), by means of stop-cock and union-joint, so that this portion of the
apparatus may be shut off or removed at pleasure. I then form a communica-
tion by means of an elbow and branch pipe within the smoke box, between
the said stop-cock and one side of the exhaust passage or eduction pipe of the
engine, and the operation of the apparatus is then as follows:-The outer end
of the aforesaid condenser pipe being inserted into and submerged within the
vessel or cistern of water to be heated, and the stop-cock opened, the water
rapidly attains a very high temperature, owing to a portion of the exhaust
steam which passes laterally into and becomes condensed by the cold water.

page_text: This effect is thus produced without any interruption to the free escape of the
exhaust steam from the engine, but on the contrary, by considerably facilitating
the freedom of the exhaust, in so far as a portion of this exhaust steam is
condensed in its passage through the condenser pipe.
The combined result obtained by the increased temperature of the feed
water and the increased exhaustion of the eduction steam is therefore one of
pure gain, without any drawback whatever. The communication from the
cistern containing the heated feed water to the force pump of the engine may
be by means of a suction pipe in the usual way.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEREOSCOPES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Prosper Bernard Godet at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
September 1857.
I, PROSPER BERNARD GODET, of Paris (France), Gentleman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEREOSCOPES," to
be as follows:-
Hitherto the stereoscope and the pictures to be inserted therein for view
formed separate parts. My Invention consists in collecting the pictures in the
manner as the folios of an album or keepsake, the cover of which latter may
be folded up so as to form a box open at both ends. In one part of
this cover are fixed the lenses, so that each picture may be placed at its turn
in the visual axis of the lenses, in order to be seen in the proper stereoscopic
view.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PUG MILLS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Wimball at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st April
1857.
I, HENRY WIMBALL, of Aldermaston, in the County of Berks, Brick Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN PUG MILLS," to be as follows:-
of
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of pug
mills, suitable either for pugging or working clay, or for making bricks, tiles,
drain pipes, and other similar articles, and consists in the application and use
pug mills with two or more shafts and sets of knives, in place of using only
one shaft and set of knives as is at present the case. The shafts are geared
together, and consequently rotate in opposite directions, and as the die or
orifice for the passage of the exuding clay is placed between the shafts, the clay
is more readily and freely forced out than when the orifice or die is situate
immediately opposite the shaft of the mill.
The die may, if found desirable, be of the ordinary well-known construction,
but I prefer using dies with rolling sides in place of stationary ones, such sides
being composed of rollers and covered with some porous material, such as felt,
placed individually at the top, bottom, and sides of the die; or there may
be only three rollers used, namely, at the top and two sides, these rollers
serving to force or feed the clay into the die.
When the rollers are used without felt or other porous covering an ordinary
die may be employed, the stationary discharge mouth of the die serving

page_text: to clear the rollers of the clay as it passes between them, the discharge mouth
of the fixed die being thus placed outside the rollers.
If found desirable the clay may run on to carriages in place of on to a fixed
platform, and may be then cut or subdivided into bricks or pipes in any con-
venient manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS IN CONNEXION WITH STEAM BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES TO FACILITATE THE CONSUMPTION OF SMOKE THEREIN
Year: 1857

page_text: 0700
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Sutcliffe and James Stocks
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
5th March 1857.
We, SAMUEL SUTCLIFFE, of Manningham, near Bradford, in the County of
York, Cotton Spinner, and JAMES STOCKS, of the same Place, Engine Tenter,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MEANS OR APPARATUS IN CONNEXION WITH STEAM BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES TO
FACILITATE THE CONSUMPTION OF SMOKE THEREIN," to be as follows:-
The improvements relate to means for conducting air to the fire; also to
means for heating such air in its passage thereto. The air to support com-
bustion wholly or in part passes through a pipe or pipes enclosed in a steam
chamber or chambers, supplied by steam from the boiler in such manner that
the air passing through such pipe or pipes may become highly heated before
it reaches the fire. The pipe or pipes thence pass to the dead plate of the
furnace, which, in carrying out our improvements, is formed hollow, and with
either a continuous channel or a series of openings at that edge which is near
the furnace bars, so that the heated air may thence flow direct on to the fire
from the fuel, or on to and amongst the fuel. A valve or other cover may
be employed to close or partially close the openings in the dead plate
at certain times to prevent the coal or other matter passing in to close them up.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF CONSTRUCTING BREAKWATERS IN DEEP WATER
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Abernethy at the Office of
tho Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th February
1857.
I, JAMES ABERNETHY, of Westminster, in the County of Middlesex, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
MODE OF CONSTRUCTING BREAKWATERS IN DEEP WATER," to be as follows :-
My Invention consists in confining a rubble embankment, forming the base
of the breakwater, within a timber framework, the rubble embankment having
in similar cases hitherto been allowed to form its own slope by the action of the
sea. The cross timbers, of which the framing is composed, and by which the
two sides of the breakwater are bound together, are framed on land, and
lowered into their position without the necessity for driving piles, except as an
after-work. The cross frames are bound securely together and the structure
completed for the reception of the rubble by timber panelling in suitable
sections, also framed on land, and lowered into position between the cross
frames in such manner as to tie them effectually one to another, so as to form
a continuous structure, whereby the rubble may be securely retained and
protected against displacement by the action of the sea.
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND WORKING OF ENDLESS TRAVELLING RAILWAYS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Colborne Cambridge
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th August 1857.
I, WILLIAM COLBORNE CAMBRIDGE, of Bristol, Agricultural Implement
Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND WORKING OF ENDLESS TRAVELLING RAILWAYS,"
to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to improve the construction of endless rail-
ways. First, by preventing the ends of the portions forming the railway from
digging into the ground and from taking up dirt and refuse matters at the
joints; and, secondly, by preventing the wheels from slipping on the rails at the
ends of the links or lengths of rails, which together form the endless chain that
surrounds the driving wheel. I suspend shoes or flat bearings which will drop
upon the ground just before the descent of the links to which they are respec-
tive attached, and thus receive the end pressure of the joints or links, instead
of allowing the ends to press into the soft ground. Upon the inner face of
the links I form ears or projections, which act as guides to the wheel (if
required) as it passes over the rail, but they are intended chiefly to form bear-
ings for a series of pins or lateral projections on the wheel, which pins, as the

page_text: wheel revolves, come in front of the ears, and acting as stops prevent the wheel
from slipping back on the rail. When these ears are not employed as guides
to the wheel, I fit guides to the other side of the rails, and form an annular slot
near the wheel's periphery for the guides to work in.
IMPROVEMENTS IN UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS
Year: 1857

page_text: by the
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th August 1857.-A communication from Mardochée Lévy and François
Henry Blajot, of Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS,"
to be as follows:-
The chief object of this Invention is to neutralize in a great measure the
effects of the wind or other obstacles on umbrellas when in use, and also to
render less power requisite to hold them up. This end is attained by allowing
the head of the umbrella to turn independently of the stick or handle. For
this purpose the stem near the handle is made of a diameter somewhat
smaller than the other part of the stick, and it is inserted into a tube of such
internal diameter that it may be capable of turning easily therein. The
extremity of the stem is threaded to receive the handle, which is firmly
screwed thereto. By this arrangement, if the umbrella be held by the tube,
which it is preferred to make of a polygonal form in order to allow of a
firmer grasp, the head of the umbrella coming into contact with any object
will turn on its axis at the same time that it allows the person carrying it to
hold it firmly.

page_text: It is further proposed to apply to the extremities of the several whalebones
or ribs of umbrellas, instead of the ordinary points, a small hollow or solid
knob of a spherical or other form, the same being fixed in such a manner as
to allow of their turning on their axes, and thus still further diminish the
resistance on the umbrella coming into contact with a wall or other obstacle.
The Invention applies equally to parasols.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WASHING MACHINES
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Peter Gabbitass, of Worksop, in the County of
Nottingham, Machine Maker, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
WASHING MACHINES."
Sealed the 27th April 1858, and dated the 31st October 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Peter Gabbitass at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
31st October 1857.
I, PETER GABBITASS, of Worksop, in the County of Nottingham, Machine
Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN WASHING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
My said Invention consists in a peculiarly constructed frame rotated by
hand or otherwise within a circular vessel or tub, the frame being suspended
from a spiral or other spring to assist in giving it repeated upward and down-
ward motions when in use; a number of perforated wood balls, having central
rounded projections, are also employed to work loosely within the vessel. A
square, oblong, or other shaped frame, according to the internal diameter and
depth of the circular vessel, is provided with a horizontal bar and two or more
vertical bars, dividing the lower part of the frame into three or more squares,
to hold or retain the fabrics while being washed; along the bottom edge of

page_text: the frame is a knobbed rotating spindle or. roller, to act on the fabrics like the
human knuckles. To a beam or by similar means a spiral spring is suspended
above, and centrally over the vessel or washing 'tub, terminating in a cross
arm having a cord or chain at each end, for attaching to each end of the top
bar of the frame at any desired height, so that when the operator presses
down and rotates the frame, the spring causes it to be raised immediately on
being released from such pressure. In this arrangement of spring balance
frame mainly consists the novelty of my said Invention, and the same may be
variously constructed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Little at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th December
1857.
I, WILLIAM LITTLE, of Queen's Road, Regent's Park, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS," to be as follows:
This Invention has for its object improvements in lamps. For these pur-
poses an outer cylinder, which is closed at the bottom except where the wick
passes to the spirit vessel below is used, the upper end is open in order that
the outer air may freely descend into this cylinder. The outer wick tube is of
somewhat less diameter than the above-mentioned cylinder, and is fixed con-
centrically therein, the air to supply the interior of the flame passing down-
wards between the outer surfaces of the outer wick tube and the inner surface
of the cylinder. The lower ends of the wick tubes are for the most part
closed, and such closed parts do not descend to the bottom of the cylinder, in
order that the air may pass freely into the inner wick tube and through it to
the interior of the flame. The wick within the wick tubes is cylindrical, but
its lower end or a portion of it is formed to descend through a passage which
connects the wick tubes with the bottom of the cylinder. The air to the outer
surface of the flame passes up a cone supported by the gallery, and a small
button is preferred to be used on the interior of the flame. In order that an

page_text: extensivo supply of spirit or hydrocarbon may be contained in a lamp, and yet
allow of keeping the vessel, into which the lower end of the wick passes, as
high as possible, a second or lower vessel is used to keep an additional supply;
and to such vessel apparatus is applied, which (when the upper supply is
nearly consumed), on being set in action, raises the lower supply into the
upper vessel in place of the apparatus as heretofore being in constant action
to force up the fluid to the burner.