Improvements in and connected with Brake Mechanism for Velocipedes.
Year: 1899

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with Brake Mechanism for
Velocipedes.
I, PHILIP LOUIS RENOUF, of Chester Road, Erdington, in the County of
of this invention
Warwick, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
o be as follows:
My invention relates to brake mechanism operated by a reversal of the pedal
ction and has for its purpose the avoidance of the friction caused by some of
he brake action resting on revolving portions of the bearing parts. When
herefore the reverse, or brake clutch lies about the crank shaft, I suspend it
n annular bearings not in contact with the latter, and for this purpose I may
use the inner faces of the bearing cups of the usual type. Where the brake
clutch is situated about the driven hub, I mount the brake clutch directly on
the fixed axle or on a part stationary thereon, or I make it part of the axle
tself; in this case this axle must be hollow and mounted on a supplementary
axle, so that it can move when the brake is applied; this arrangement adapts
tself conveniently to work a brake on that side of the hub which is opposed
to the chain or driving gear, thus giving great width of bearing for the working
parts without unduly widening the hub. The brake itself may be of the spoon
type acting on the tyre, or a rim brake, or may act on the hub by means of a
drum and band or expanding ring or by means of friction disks or a split
plate.
Dated this 22nd day of February 1899
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with Brake Mechanism for
Velocipedes.
I, PHILIP LOUIS RENOUF, of Chester Road, Erdington, in the County of
of this invention
Warwick, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention relates to brake mechanism operated by a reversal of the pedal
action and nas for its purpose the avoidance of the friction caused by some of
the brake action resting on revolving portions of the bearing parts. When
therefore the reverse, or brake clutch lies about the crank shaft, I suspend it

page_text: on annular bearings not in contact with the latter, and for this purpose I may
use the inner faces of the bearing cups of the usual type. Where the brake
clutch is situated about the driven hub, 1 mount the brake clutch directly on
the fixed axle or on a part stationary thereon, or I make it part of the axle
itself; in this case this axle must be hollow and mounted on a supplementary
axle, so that it can move when the brake is applied; this arrangement adapts
itself conveniently to work a brake on that side of the hub which is opposed
to the chain or driving gear, thus giving great width of bearing for the working
parts without unduly widening the hub. The brake itself may be of the spoon
type acting on the tyre, or a rim brake, or may act on the hub by means of a
drum or band, or expanding ring or by means of friction discs or a split
plate.
.
"
bottom
Referring to the drawings. Figure 1 represents the end view of a
bracket" of a velocipede of standard type. Figure showing some of the same
parts in section.
A is the axle, B the crank, C. the adjusting cup for the ball bearings is
screwed into D the bracket piece. The cup C is provided with a plain part
and a shoulder on which rests a disc E provided with an eye F for the purpose
of working a rod t or other suitable connection with a brake, acting on the
rim, the tyre or the hub of the rear wheel in any of the usual ways. His the
cotter fastening the crank to the axle, I is the nut locking it, and K is a lug
forming a washer under I but projecting over part of ring E. This projecting
part of the lug K contains in a cam shaped recess a. roller so that-a.reversal of
the motion of crank B will make the lug K-grip disk and thereby operate the
brake rod G; but a forward motion of the crank will leave the disc E inoperative.
It is evident that the grip connection might be made in other ways, e.g. K might
hold a ratchet or pawl and the outer circumference E might-be-toothed, .or-K
might be made to embrace the whole of the circular part of E and contain a
series of ratchets or rollers, or the disc E might be furnished with a ratchet
or pawl or with several pawls acting on teeth cut on or furnished on the crank
boss. But it is also clear that the brake adjusting disc disc E, by resting on
the stationary cup C does not increase the friction of the axle bearings, and
that by this arrangement the bearing cups is accessible for adjustment
of the bearings, without either shortening the bearings or increasing
the length of axle. In Figure 3 the centre of a crank axle A
is cut to form cams holding rollers R, R, which will on reversal of the motion
of the axle grip the cylinder or sleeve E. E is supported at its extremities by
the inner edges of the bearing cups C, C, connection made with the brake work
by a toothed rod or rack & passing through an aperture in the bearing bracket
or casing and engaging in teeth F cut in the outer circumference of sleeve E
at and made to contain a flexible cord for connecting E to the brake work,
and a circular spring to bring it back to its original position after the brake
has been applied. Figure 4 represents the hub of a driving wheel partly in
section. A is the fixed axle on which the hub revolves, B is the hub body or
shell to which the spokes are attached, Cis a bearing cup attached to the hub by
a screwed shank, 1 a bearing cone fixed as the axle A, E is a hardened disk
of the same diameter as the bearing cup C and mounted loosely on a shank of
cone D. Both C and E have cams cut on their outer circumferences to receive
rollers r, r, but these respect sets of cams are cut in opposite directions so that
the chain wheel or pinion F which covers both will carry C and therefore the
hub B when moving forward and the piece E. when moving backward.
Attached to the cam piece. E is a capping piece G provided with a joint H
which furnishes the connection with a link actuating a tyre, rim, band or
other brake.
Fig. 5, illustrates a modification in which the reverse cam E is cut into a 5
shoulder which serves as the fixed cone on the hollow axle E¹, which is free to
move (under reversed pedal action) between a, a', shoulders screwed or formed

page_text: on the axle A. D is an adjusting cone, I an arm forming a D washer between
this cone and the lock nut Ï. When the chainwheel or pinion F moves forward,
it carries the clutch surfaced cup C, and thereby the hub; when it is reversed
it carries through the piece E E the arm F which can be utilised to operate
a brake on the tyre or rim or preferably as shewn on the drawing a link K
swivelling from L and operating the brake band M.
Where the brake power is applied by laterally pressing disks, it is important
that such lateral pressure should not affect the running bearings of the hub.
I therefore modify my invention as shewn in Fig. 6, where the D washer F¹,
or a similarly located part, is furnished with right and left handed screws
which carry a pair of brake disks N, N' which are prevented from turning by
one or more sliding guide rods L or equivalents connected with the framework of
the velocipede. Between these disks lies an intermediate one O which is rotated
with the hub but has a certain amount of lateral play along keyways or guides
on the inner circumference of the hub end B'; consequently a reverse motion
of the chain ring will reverse E and cause the disks N, N₁ to nip and thereby
retard or brake the motion of disk 0; the lateral play of the latter obviates all
side strain on the main bearings. It is evident that instead of mounting N, N¹
both on the same side of the hub one disk could be on one side, and one on
the other and screwed on extensions of the hollow axle E', one on a right
handed thread and the other on a left handed one, so that the reversal of the
chain ring F would through the intermediacy of E screw both up against flanges
on the hub and chain ring or the hub ends only and thereby apply braking
friction. Or one of the brake disks may be stationary as in Fig. 7 where N is
screwed to the axle A and takes the place of the nut a' in Fig. 6; N is moved
outwards for braking purposes oy a screw or cam mounted on the hollow axle E¹
as in the previous cases and thereby squeezes the revolving block 0 against
the stationary disk N. Where, as before mentioned, the two outside brake disks
work against the hub ends, their respective thrusts will practically neutralise
their effect on the running bearings.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and the manner in which it is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
-;
1) On so-called "free wheel" velocipedes, so mounting the brake-actuating
clutch piece (which is stationary during the forward motion of the velocipede)
on or about a permanently stationary bearing part for the purpose and sub-
stantially in the manner described.
2) The combination of a non-rotating bottom bracket cup C, Fig. 1 with a
brake actuater E in the manner and for the purpose described.
3) The combination of a brake actuating sleeve E with supporting and non-
rotating cups C, C, Fig. 3 or corresponding parts for the purpose described.
4) The combination of a loose clutch driving chain or gear wheel F, Figs. 4
and 5, or similar power transmitting piece on the hub of a "free wheel"
velocipede, with a second reverse or brake actuating clutch or grip piece E,
such grip piece being mounted on a non-rotating axle or bearing part for
the purpose described.
5. The combination of a brake actuater F', Figs. 5 to 7, formed on or mounted
on a sleeve E resting on a non-rotating axle and reversible by backpedalling,
substantially as described.
6. On "free-wheel" velocipedes the combination of a hollow axle E¹ Fig. 5,
reversible by backpedalling, but stationary at other times and mounted on a
stationary axle, with an expanding or contracting brake ring or band situated
on that side of the driving hub which is opposed to the transmitting gear.
7. The combination of the revolving brake disk 0, Figs. 6 and 7 with non-
rotating brake disks operated substantially as described.
8. The combination of friction disks on
66
'free-wheel" velocipedes braking

page_text: by lateral grip or pressure, without straining the running bearings, with clutch
mechanism mounted substantially as described.
9. The laterally moveable brake disk rotating outside the bearings of a
"free wheel" cycle hub and operated substantially as described.
Dated this 23rd of December 1899.