IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH OVENS USED IN THE BAKING OF BREAD, BISCUITS, AND THE LIKE.
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Vicars, the elder, Thomas Vicars, the younger,
both of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Engineers, and James Smith,
of the same Place, Baker, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND
CONNECTED WITH OVENS USED IN THE BAKING OF BREAD, BISCUITS, AND
THE LIKE.
"
Sealed the 31st July 1877, and dated the 15th February 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Vicars, the elder,
Thomas Vicars, the younger, and James Smith, at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents on the 15th February 1877.
THOMAS VICARS, the elder, and THOMAS VICARS, the younger, both of Liverpool,
in the County of Lancaster, Engineers, and JAMES SMITH, of the same Place,
Baker. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH OVENS USED IN THE BAKING
OF BREAD, BISCUITS, AND THE LIKE."
This Invention relates to that class of ovens called by bakers travelling ovens,
that is to say, ovens in which the bread, biscuits, or other articles is or are baked
whilst travelling or passing therethrough on trays carried by an endless chain or
like means, or on web of plates, and consists,-
First. As means for ensuring an equal and regular motion to the endless chain or
its equivalent in attaching to the drum or wheel which gives motion to the said
endless chain or its equivalent a dial or indicator, and in placing a clock near thereto.
The dial or indicator is so arranged that it can be adjusted to travel at any desired
speed. In this manner the speed of travel of the dial or indicator may be so
adjusted that any increase or decrease of speed of motion in the endless travelling
chain, web, or its equivalent, will be at once shown on reference to the clock.
Second. As means for ensuring proper baking of the bread or like articles whilst
passing through the oven, in dividing the said oven into two or more chambers
longitudinally, and in maintaining a dry atmosphere in the first chamber so as to
cause the bread to become slightly crusted, and a more or less moist or steamy
atmosphere in the succeeding chambers to complete the baking of the bread or like.
articles. The chambers are separated from one another by sliding doors, which can
be adjusted to the size of articles passing through the oven.

page_text: Third. As means for regulating the heat and moisture in the several chambers of
the oven, in placing at the top of such chambers trays or vessels charged with
absorbent material, such as pumicestone, and connect such vessels or trays with
a pipe or pipes conveying a regular and measured supply of water thereto.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Thomas Vicars, the elder, Thomas Vicars, the younger, and James
Smith in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 15th August 1877.
THOMAS VICARS,. the elder, .THOMAS VICARS, the younger, both of Liverpool,
in the County of Lancaster, Engineers, and JAMES SMITH, of the same Place,
Baker. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH OVENS USED IN THE BAKING
OF BREAD, BISCUITS, AND THE LIKE."
This Invention relates to that class of ovens called by. bakers travelling ovens,
that is to say, ovens in which the bread, biscuits, or other articles is or are baked
whilst travelling or passing therethrough on trays carried by an endless chain, or on
a web of plates, or like means, and consists,-
First. As means for ensuring an equal and regular motion to the endless chain or
its equivalent, in attaching to the drum or wheel which gives motion to the said
endless chain, web, or its equivalent, a dial or speed indicator, and in placing a
clock near thereto. The dial or indicator is so arranged that it can be adjusted to
travel at any desired speed. In this manner the speed of travel of the dial or in-
dicator may be so adjusted that any irregularity or increase or decrease of speed of
motion in the endless travelling chain, web, or its equivalent, will be at once shown
on reference to the clock.
Second. As means for ensuring proper baking of the bread or like articles whilst
passing through the oven, in dividing the said oven into two or more chambers
longitudinally, and in maintaining a dry atmosphere in the first chamber so as to
cause the bread to become slightly crusted, and a more or less moist or steamy.
atmosphere in the succeeding chambers to complete the baking of the bread or like
articles. The chambers are separated from one another by sliding doors or adjust-
able partitions, which can be adjusted to the size of articles passing through the
oven.
Third. As means for regulating the heat and moisture in the several chambers of
the oven, in placing at the top of such chambers trays or vessels charged with
absorbent material, such as pumice stone, and connect such vessels or trays with a
pipe or pipes conveying a regular and measured supply of water thereto.

page_text: Having now described the nature of the said Invention in such manner that
others will be enabled to carry our improvements into effect, we claim,―
Under the first part, the combination of an adjustable dial or indicator with
a clock for the purposes set forth.
Under the second part, dividing an oven into two or more compartments, in
which atmospheres containing more or less moisture are maintained, for the pur-
poses set forth.
Under the third part, maintaining a more or less moist atmosphere in any
desired compartment of an oven, in the manner and for the purposes set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Vicars, the elder, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, the Fourteenth day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.
JAMES JOHNSON,
Patent Office,
Clayton Square,
Liverpool.
THOMAS VICARS, THE ELDER.
(L.S.)
Witness.