Year: 1894

page_text: Date claimed for Patent under Sect. 103 of Act,
being date of first Foreign Application (in (4th June, 1894
France),
Date of Application (in United Kingdom), 31st Dec., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 31st Dec., 1894-Accepted, 2nd Mar, 1895
Date of Application (in United Kingdom), 31st Dec., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 31st Dec., 1894-Accepted, 2nd Mar, 1895
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
A Projectile.
1, EUGÈNE TURPIN, of 14 Rue Hoche, Colombes (Seine) in the Republic of
France, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement.
War rockets known as Congreve rockets or 1ockets have been in vogue for a
considerable time and have rendered gient services under certain cucumstances.
Then ange, which can attain and surpass that of cannon, the lightness of the
apparatus used for firing them, the suppression of guns of large calibie so costly
and so heavy with their turet gun-carriage, as well as the complete absence of
recoil induced me to take up their study, whilst profiting from the progress realised
in connection with explosives, mechanics and electricity during the last few years,
in a line quite different from that followed by my predecessors.
The use of war rockets has been discontinued more or less completely for many
years in nearly every country on account of the absence of success in accurately
aiming them.
Commandant Plessix of the French Artillery in his course of lectures which
appeared in 1886 expresses himself as follows after his description of war rockets.
"For a long time great hopes were founded on this machine which would be
valuable for anesting the advance of large columns of cavaly, etc., on account of
the long range of which it is susceptible and of the terrifying noise produced by its
passage through the air. But the problem of guiding such rockets, although
investigated for nearly half a century, has not becu solved up to the present and is
now completely abandoned in France.'
"
All specialists who have occupied themselves with this question have been
unanimous in recognising and declaring that, if one could succeed in suitably
directing war rcckets, this machine would constitute one of the most powerful and
economic means of defence and especially of attack that could possibly be
imagined
Taking up the problem of the guiding of war rockets I base my investigations
on the principles that I will now proceed to expose.
Everybody is acquainted with the gyroscope of Foucault which he used to prove
the rotation of the earth This apparatus (Figure 1) is founded on the principle
that a solid body revolving rapidly on its axis preserves its plane of rotation and
consequently its axis in the same direction as long as the velocity of rotation does
not change. It is thus that the gyroscope may remain suspended in space in a

page_text: position of unstable equilibrium when it revolves with sufficient velocity; it is for
this reason also that the earth preserves its axis in a constant position.
The rifling of fire tms is founded on this principle. At the start, in the bore of
the gun, the projectile receives by means of the rifling of the bore, a movement of
rotation which it preserves dining its travel in its trajectory and which determines
the position of its axis and consequently of its apex on this trajectory.
In fact if the velocity of rotation of the projectile were sufficient and remained
constant the apex of the projectile would never touch the ground for this would
preserve a position parallel to the line of fire. But the velocity being insufficient.
and decreasing little by little, the projectile becomes inclined by the constant
nction of gravity and its axis instead of remaining parallel to the line of fire
becomes merged into the trajectory.
In firing war rockets this same result has been sought with the view to obtain a
greater accuracy and to avoid their capricious motion and also to do away with the
rocket stick which, as it is compelled to be extremely long, has been one of the
causes for the renouncement of this machine especially for large calibre machines
which are precisely those that would present the greatest advantages
There are
no limits, so to say, to the calibre of rockets whilst with cannon this limit is reached
on account of the resistance of the metal the weight and the exorbitant price of
larger guns which are otherwise rendered unfit for use in a short time, after 50
to 60 shots with the regular charge. The difhculty in manoeuvring and transporting
them and finally the shocks occasioned by the recoil, which on ships require an
extraordinarily strong construction, and which shake and damage nevertheless all
the delicate machines en the ship, are so many obstacles to the mcrease of the
calibre of guus
All experiments, which have been made with the object of doing away with the
rocket stick of ordinary rockets, wat rockets or lockets for fireworks, have been
made in an empirical manner and have yielded no result
Figure 2 (Sheet 1) shews an ordinary rocket still in use by pyrotechnists and for
signals in war and in the navy, furnished with its stick
Figure 3 (Sheet 1) represents a war 1ocket with stick in the line of its axis.
This is the system to which a relun had been made at the moment of the
abandonment of this machine.
In these two systems the rocket, projected by means of a long tube or a frame
or stand, is not actuated by any movement of rotation. The stick only serves to
balance the weight of the bomb or shell and of the cartridge and to create a
resistance against the wind in order to prevent it turning.
Figures 4 and 5 (Sheet 1) shen two rockets of which the tails are surrounded by
an exterior spital living the object of causing the rocket to turn on its axis by its
passage in the air and also by the assumed pressure of the gases, of combustion,
already expanded.
It will be easily understood that this system even with oblique holes in the
thickness of the metal forming the base could not give any practical result because
the gases, expanded on their exit, had no more force with which to act on the
exterior spirals
Figure 6 (Sheet 1) shews a rocket enclosed in a sciew, also exterior, which was
destined, by its passage through the air, to turn this rocket. In this system the
velocity of rotation, admitting that it could have been obtained, would have been
insufficient and in any case would not have been able to direct the rocket.
Figure 7 (Sheet 1) represents a rocket with straight wings formed in a titangular
tube. The wings had for object to prevent the oscillation and the turming of the
rochet.
Even if the rocket is fired in a spirally rifled tube the initial velocity of this
rocket is much too low for imparting the gyratory motion necessary for guiding the
rocket well The shells in fact only owe to their initial velocity the power of
acquing a sufficient velocity of rolation.
Figure 8 (Sheet 1) represents a locket with three broad wings straight or

page_text: inclined with the same object. It was desired to shorten in this way the length of
the rocket stich and compensate for it by the breadth of the three plates or wings,
or even by a single wing.
Such are the trials that have been made in connection with the guidance of
rockets.
As I have mentioned, the results not having given any satisfaction a return was
made to the rockets with sticks Figures 2 and 3. The whole difficulty consisted
then in giving to the rockets at the start and preferably even, before their start, a
movement of rotation on then axes sufficiently rapid to guide them.
Considering also that the range of 1ockets is at the present time limited by the
length of the entridge and that the latter is limited by the length of the stick
destined to act as its counter-weight I have investigated into a method of obtaining
the following results :-
Suppression of the rocket stick.
Sufficient rotation before the start to ensure an absolute accuracy in aiming:
Increase in the length of the cartridge and of the charge sufficient for obtaining
a longer ange:
A higher penetrating force than with ordinary cannons.
I have succeeded therein in the following manne :-
The shell or other projectile is fixed solidly to the case of the rocket and not
simply attached as formerly, and the whole is adapted to receive a rapid initial
movement of rotation either by means of a tubular concentric envelope, or by
meaus of a fiame of the same form as the projectile or by means of a central
longitudinal axis. This movement of rotation is produced by means of a motor
o of an interior screw under the direct action of the gases of combustion under
compression, or finally by means of these two methods combined.
The projectile in any case does not start until it has a rapid movement of
rotation on its axis which insures the guidance of the same whatever bo its length
provided it be suitably balanced.
Under these conditions the projectile behaves like a gyroscope and its axis is
uclined to its trajectory similarly to that of a shell fired by cannons, and according
to the preponderance of the head.
Figure 9 represents in section a shell and its case K with a frame Q composed
of three branches. When this projectile OK rests on the tube cannon, a motor
(such as for example a dynamo or petioleum engine) causes it to revolve on its
frame and when it is fired, the necessary velocity of rotation having been acquired,
which is shewn at each instant by a speed indicator, the fiame carried by the
projectile slides in the guides and the whole leaps into space whilst preserving its
imtial direction and taking its position on its trajectory.
The frame of three bianches is mounted on rollers Gat its base which roll in
a groove a made in the base Figure 10 (Sheet 1) is a section of the shell on M N
in the plane of the rollers G
The ap
apes of the shell evolves as an axle m a bearing P formed by the frame Q.
The back of the base is provided with exit holes (Figmes 9 and 10 Sheet 1) to
allow the escape of the gases. In order to heop up the movement of rotation of
the projectile a screw may be provided in the interior of the base to receive the
dnect action of the gases
Figure 17 (Sheet 1) shews an end view of a complete shot O resting and turning
in the collars c, c which travel with the shot and rest in a tubular directing trough B
more or less concentric; the trough is provided or not with a cover B³.
In this
case the friction at the start is sufhcient to allow the projectile time to receive the
force of ascension and the velocity of rotation which is preferable to a too easy
or precipitate start which tends to cause the lowering of the aim in consequence of
the partial drop of the projectile at its exit which could otherwise scarcely take
place on account of the movement of rotation.
Figure 18 (Sheet 1) shews a back view of a complete shot revolving on round
ods d fixed or capable of rotating. In this case the projectile has no fame but

page_text: simply, like the preceding case, collais at intervals. A shell with collars of this
kind is sbewn in longitudinal elevation in Figure 15. These collars are fixed to
to the body and are shaped like a cucular blade in order to offer the least possible
fictional sun face aud consequently the least possible resistance to rotation
Figure 19 (Sheet 1) shew's a shell also without frame and revolving in triangular
rods e oi on tangential points
Instead of causing the shell to evolve on pivots in a fine I can cause it to
revolve in a complete envelope Q (see sections Figures 13 and 14 Sheet 1) attached
to the axis o by rods or having an interio ring in which the base of the shell turns,
or by arranging the lower pivot of the shell in a partition S between the shell O
and the cylinder K as seen in Figures 13 and 14 which latter is a transverse section
on the line RS of Figure 13.
For very small calibres the projectile could be rendered autogyroscopic without
previously setting it in motion. In this case the projectile with collars (Figures 15
and 16) could be used by arranging in the base a series of blades in the form of a
Screw II. The gases escaping to the base act on the blades of the screw II and
cause the rotation of the projectile which rests on the point p of the base and on
the pointed collais c. The evolution of the gases causes the projectile to be set in
motion and the latter becomes automatically gyroscopic and self-propelling
Figures 20 and 21 (Sheet 11) represent in longitudinal and transverse section
respectively a system of screw placed in the interior of the base and concentrically
to the propelling tube with direct jet C. This screw II is formed in an annular
space comprised between the tube C and the cucumference of the base. It
receives from the cylinder or cartridge K through the holes & pierced in the base E,
the gases which cause the projectile to revolve This arrangement could be
combined with a frame as herein before descubed.
In my projectile I propose, contrary to what has been done hitherto, to give to
the cylinder or cartridge, especially at its base, a large diameter than the shell
properly called in order to obtain a higher velocity of translation. The projectile
in this case will have the form of a cone, the screw being at the base at II and the
shell O at the apex.
Figure 22 shews a complete rochet to a small scale, the complete shell ○ is
shewn separately in longitudinal section at Figure 23 and in transverse section on
the line TU in Figure 24
The cartridge K_with_internal_screw 1 and tangular collars c is shewn in
longitudinal section in Figure 25 and transverse section on the line V X of
Figure 25, in Figure 26 It is without flame and without envelope. The rod T
serves to hold the machine in the magazine.
The projectiles carried by the rockets not receiving the shock produced in firing
a cannon at the start, requie for firing the internal charge a special arrangement
that I have invented
In the ordinary shell the fuses at the point or back of the shell percussion of
otherwise, operate by means of a movable piece which cocks, itself at the start by
the shock of the discharge of the cannon on account of the inertia of this small
piece. On its arrival of when the projectile meets resisting obstacle which
Sufficiently retards its progress, the piece, in consequence of the velocity it has
acquired and of its movability, is inclined for wards and strikes on a percussion cap
of fulminate of mercury which causes with or without delay the explosion of the
projectile. In my system it is impossible to rely on the shock at the start for
cocking the percussion fuse of the shell because this shock does not occur and this
is one of the advantages presented by this system.
On arrival the hammer pièce would be able to operate, but it would be dangerous
to preserve in the shell a hammer more or less movable and more or less left to
itself. In order to avoid this I have invented a percussion fuse with striker which
offers every guarantee of security in the handling of the projectiles and ensures it
good working on aival. This percussion fuse is represented in Fignie 23
The
shell
shewn in Figures 23 and 24 is furnished with hardened leaden balls o and

page_text: with wall g divided up into sections This wall (see Figure 27) is divided up by
aight and left handed helicoidal mersions and produces a large number of dangerous
agments on bursting
Jis a stiker
This collat
Fis the body of the igniting fuse, I a piston cap of which the head to facilitate
its busting, is split by means of saw cuts a as shown in Figure 28
carried by a collar slotted beloehand to mark a line of rupture.
under the action of the shock of the piston I detaches itself from the boly J which
strikes against the cap L, hold by a screwed ing, the cap L communicates the
lire by the canal of the rod to the detonator (without delay) which is contamed
in a double tube lined with washers of paste-board or leather pierced to allow the
passage of the fine. The tube U closed by the stoppers, contame an explosive,
piric acid in form of powder, fulm cotton, dynamite, etc.
i
The absence of shock at the statt permits in fact the employment of explosives
which would not be able to resist the shock caused by the discharge of a cannon.
To cause the explosion of the shell by the cartidge (Figure 9 Sheet I and
Figure 23 Sheet II) and to vary the distance at which the projectile may bust as
-hewn in Fig 23 I place in the base of the shell an intermedinte detonator composed
of a plug M of metal, wood, horn on other suitable material in which is screwed a
ylindrical piece N in a spiral groove of which 13 placed a tube / containing the
Tuse that receives fire from the last part of the charge of the large cartridge K and
ansmits it to the detonator. This detonator causes the interior change of the
tube U to buist. At the base of the cartidge (Figure 25) are the igniting
Inses Q, four in number, terminating in balls m and protected from the damp by a
layer of collodion. They are adapted to communicate hie from one fuse to tho
other in the case where a large number of rockets are aanged to start
simultaneously.
As I have pointed out above the division of the surface of the shell, for causing
the separation into fragments of the walls, is produced interiorly or exteriorly by a
screw-cutting lathe by cutting two screw-thiends, the one right handed, the other
left handed The intersection of the opposite screw-threads forms the segmentation
in spials and determines the lines of rupture
The shell shewn Figure 9 carties thewise a shock detonator X contaming
pice and in powder or another explosive placed in the envelope U and adapted to
pume the charge of the shell. 1, is the piston cap in two pieces, the shoulder
being held in position by the screwed ing.
Under the action of the shock on the aval of the projectile the staket is
det iched from its slotted collar which is fixed in place by the screw » seemed in the
body of the fuse and ignites the cap L which transmits the fire to the detonatory
(vith delay) which causes the explosion of the change Z and consequently of the
shell This shell is a shell of ruptune by explosion is a safety ting of wood or
metal in two pieces attached by means of a sting or otherwise to avoid any
accident This safety ring is removed when the shell is in its place
The shell represented in Figure 9 is suitable for shooting level with the ground
with or without cochets on water and the percussion fuse is called the sea fuse.
This projectile may became also a torpedo projectile if it be provided with an au-
chamber concentric with the apparatus, forming a jacket such that it plunges more
on less under water on its arrival and when the live force is lost.
Figure 31 Sheet I shews an aquatic torpedo shell The igniting fuse is aanged
to slightly retard the explosion to give the projectile time to sink after its impact
against the side of the vessel This projectile is meant to travel on the water
0 18
the shell, K the cartridge, V the tubular jacket of two envelopes fouming an air-
chamber.
In the projectile, Figue 9 Sheet 1, a tune fuse is aanged at the base of the
shell O between the shell and its cartridge A screw stoppers is -old with the
tubular steel leader contaming at its use a charge of black powder '18 a
fulminate detonator R, (Figures 9 and 11 the latter being a section on the line PQ
Figure 9) is tubula fuse rolled in a groove formed in two dises of wood a, a of

page_text: which the lugs e keep them the proper distance apart to allow the tube R to be
seen and pierced and to permit the passage of the fie produced by the combustion
of the charge of the large cartridge K Holes formed at intervals in the metallic
y
walls (see the circumferential development Figure 12) allow the tube R of lead o
tin to be pierced by means of a punch and enable the moment for the explosion of
the shell at the end of the combustion of the charge of the large cartridge to be
ted.
The flame penetrating between the lugs spreads through the empty space and
ignites the fusible material of the tube R at the hole.
If the airangement is provided with a tubula jacket as a notation frame an eye
is formed in the latter to allow the pier en g of the tube R.
The absence of violent shock at the start, suggested to me the idea of making a
bomb shell, represented in longitudinal section in Figure 29 Sheet II. This shell
19 of thin sheet metal O of about 3 provided with a light ogivale head in which
15 screwed a 1od t' which passes through the shell O and the large cartridge not
shewn in this figure and which serves as an axis of rotation without external
envelope. The charge of the cartidge may be compressed on this rod with or
without insulator This 1od is in two pieces It is hollow for a certain part of its
length in the shell and in the front of the cattudge at the part tond provided
with holes ', by which the flame from the time fuse, descubed in Figure 9 Sheet I
and Figue 22 Sheet II reaches the discs of compressed powder (black powder) Pt P
held by a wood cylinder N¹ V is a communicating change of live powder. The
explosion of the discs 1", P is adapted to give a sufficient pressure for busting the
casing and igniting the fuses of the bombs contained in it which are dispersed m
врасе.
Figure 30 Sheet II shews one of these bombs B' Dis the metallic plug on
which is wrapped a tube of combustible material forming a fuse to communicate
fire to a detonator which bunsts this bomb charged with melnite in the form of
powder (pieric acid). It is divided up previously into 44 pieces which are scattered
in all directions. The bombs alone then give ise to a large number of fragments
very dangerous as much on account of their shape as of then weight and then force
of projection Cis a perforated cylinder holding the bombs in place The bombs
are divided up into sections in the lathe or in casting.
This shell is adapted for bursting in the air and for covering with fragments the
bridge of ships, torpedo boats, forts, troops, etc. This is the reason for the absence
of an igniting fuse at the head although it could be provided with one of the
arrangements hetembefore described in case of necessity.
My system of gyroscopic projectile may be provided with bombs and shells
spherical or of any other shape, solid (of rupture) or hollow and filled with au
explosive such as dynamite, melinite, fulmi-cotton, chlorated powders, etc., or the
Ditrated derivatives of the fatty or aromatic series in general
Hitherto the cartridges Krockets for wai or amusement have always been
charged with a combustible composed of touch powder of ordinary black powder or
of a usture of black powder and chlorated powder compressed by an hydraulic
press It has been said against these mixtures that they become disintegrated by
the jolting caused by the transport and caused premature explosions in consequence
of the trituration of the charge and of its too rapid ignition which is the consequence
of this. These mixtures evolve also a great deal of smoke. I have avoided these
disadvantages by agglomerating ordinary mixtures, known and employed, with 5%
of coal tar, paraffine or any other agglutinant or dissolvent material that hinders the
disintegration of the charge, or by the employment of a special smokeless powder.
Another cause of premature explosion arises from the heat evolved during the
combustion of the charge by the walls of the metallic cartiidge which ignites the
compressed powder situated above the level of its progressive combustion.
obviate this disadvantage, which can only be caused by a fault in the charging or
in the construction, by inter posing between the cartidge and the charge an
insulating envelope of pasteboard or asbestos or other material, that is, insulating
}

page_text: and as little combustible as possible if the charge is compressed separately in a
special mould a layer of putty, very soft, is placed at the bottom of the cartridge on
the insulating ring R' of asbestos or clay or other material The pressure caused
by the introduction of the charge in the catta ulge forces the putty all round the
chu
lige and forms a very good misulator and hinders any leak or penetration between
the two envelopes (cartiidge and asbestos) for instance, the chuge mast be com-
pressed into its insulating envelope by means of a hydraulic press. A charge of Inve
powder may also be placed at the bottom of the cartridge adapted for giving a final
and vigorous impulse to the system by a sudden discharge At an early epoch the
contrary practice was in use for stick rockets by placing a charge of live powder at
the base for fing the rocket as soon as ignited. It is preferable to do the
contiary
may
For facility of transport and of evolution of the gases of the cartridge
lorm the projectile in two pieces as shown in Figure 32 Sheet 11. The shell O 19
provided at its head with a shoulder beating and the cartridge K is screwed into its
base The rod T is fixed in the base of the cartridge in such a manner that there
is no exterior envelope to hinder the exit of the gase- It may be provided
with a screw on be caused to revolve initially or may be arranged on these two
systems combined
Figure 33 Sheet II shews a simula projectile of which the x18 18 semi-longi-
tudinal, this projectile has a loose movable dependent frame. The rod T
traverses the length of the cartridge, as in Figure 29, but is screwed in the shell ().
The frame Q is placed on the sludes of a 1ocket cannon and the projectile 1ests
simply on this frame When the projectile rises the frame is carried with it but
RE it is not held in place it soon falls into the sea on to the ground and the
projectile behaves then exactly similar to a projectile fied by an ordinary cannon,
free from all hindiance.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inver-
what mannet the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
tion and
claun is
A gyroscopic projectile composed of a shell and a cartridge adapted for
receiving, before its discharge, a rapid movement of rotation on its axis, this
movement of rotation being produced by means of any suitable motor independent
of the projectile or being determined by a force of propulsion caused by the com-
mencement of the combustion of the charge of the cautiidge, the projection of the
projectile taking place when it has attained a velocity of 1otation suitable with
egard to its weight and to its position of projection.
2. The arrangement of the projectile described in Claim 1 in an envelope or
frame in which it can evolve, either by the action of any suitable independent
moto, o by the action of the gases issuing from the cartridge acting on an interior
screw which gases impart a gyiatory movement, the frame o envelope being free
to follow, on the firing of the projectile, rectilinear movement whilst the interior
projectile, properly called, continues to turn with a gyroscopic movement piesei ving
the direction traced by the trajectory, the velocity of rotation being presei ved
during the whole tunc occupied by the progressive combustion of the charge of
the cartridge for the purpose described.
3. The construction of the said projectile with a frame mounted ou roller
which roll in a groove made in the base of this projectile, the apex of the shell
revolving in the frame as in a bearing and for the purpose specified.
4. The construction of the said projectile with a casing provided with exterior
collars for revolving rapidly in a tubular firing trough causing a mummum
frictional resistance although sufficient to allow the projectile time to acquire the
force of ascension necessary for its projection, for the purpose specified.
5. The projectile described in the pieceding claims, with a shell and a cartridge
fixed together but without frame and without collars, completely smooth, turning

page_text: on round bars fixed or rotating whereby the projectile may acquire the initial
velocity of rotation before its projection, for the purpose specified.
6 In the projectile specified in the preceding clains the arrangement, in the
bottom of the base of the caitudge, of an interior screw with several spirals which
are acted on by the gases to give the projectile a high velocity of rotation described
in Claim 1.
7. The construction of projectiles of war with a cautiidge of larger diameter than
the shell properly called for increasing the velocity of translation, whether the
shell be massive, hollow or provided with balls or bombs for the purpose
specified.
8. For firing the interior charge of the shells of the gyroscopic projectiles by
impact, a percussion fuze called a hammer fuze composed of a piston cap with a
split head adapted for being crushed in combination with a striker carried by a
slotted weakened disc and adapted for striking a cap which communicates the fire
to the explosive coutained in the shell, for the purpose specified.
9 For firing by impact the charge of the shell, a detonator containing an
explosive placed in an envelope and adapted for fing the charge of the shell, this
explosive being ignited by a detonator which strikes a hammer provided with a
disc slotted and weakened and arranged behind a piston in two parts of
which the front part may be temporarily and provisionally for handling and the
transport of the projectile, removed from the head of the shell for the purpose
specified
10. To cause the explosion of the shell by the charge of the cartridge the
arrangement in the base of the shell of an intermediate detonator composed of a
plug in which is screwed a cylindrical piece provided with a spiral groove in which
the fuze is inserted which fuze receives the fire from the last part of the cartidge
and transmits it to the detonator thereby causing the explosion of the charge of
the shell.
11. An intermediate detonator for the purpose specified in Claim 10 composed of
a tube charged with black powder at its base and carrying a fulminating detonator
at its extremity, the black powder communicating with a fuze enclosed in a circular
tube of solt metal which can be pierced at any desued point by means of the
exterior holes of the projectile to cause the explosion of the shell after the combustion
of the charge of the cartridge.
12. The ignition of the charge of the cartridge by means of fuzes electrical or
other wise bordering upon the circumference of the rod that carries the projectile
by its base and screws as a pivot for its movement of rotation, for the purpose
specified.
13. The constinction of a shell projectile with a wall divided into sections or
weakened, this wall constituting by its divisions after the explosion, in con-
Junction with the balls lining the circumference a large quantity of dangerous
projectiles.
14. A projectile such as those described in the preceding claims adapted for
grazing fire with or without ricochets on water in consequence of its being balanced
by means of an air chamber concentric to the nangement as a whole, which allows
the rocket to plunge more or less in the water
15. A projectile constructed according to the arrangements described in the
preceding claims and lined with the bombs at the circumference of an interior tube
of thin perforated sheet metal, this tube being provided at the base of the shell
with discs of compressed ponder which are ignited by a live powder in commun -
cation with a time fuze aitanged between the shell and its cartridge substantially
as and for the purpose described
16 The construction of the bombs lining the interior cucumference of the
shell of the preceding Claim 15 with a detonator, which is joined by a fuze
rolled round a plug in communication with the interior of the central tube of
the shell.

page_text: 17. The charging of the cartridges of my projectile by mixing with the known
powders of coal tar, paraffin, auy dissolvent whatever or other agglutinating material
that prevents the disintegration of the charge, by means of a powder smokeless
or not.
18. To prevent the transmission of the heat of the cartidge to the charge of the
shell by the metallic walls of the cartridge the interposition between the cartridge
and the shell, of insulating discs and putty.
19. The construction of the projectiles specified in the preceding claims in two
parts, the one part being adapted to be screwed into the end of the other, and the
optional arrangement of a temporary frame which supports the projectile whilst it
acquires its initial movement of rotation, the guiding projecting frame leaving the
projectile when it is fired.
D
100
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicant.