IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING METALS BY MEANS OF ROTATING TOOLS OR CUTTERS
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Wilson Hulse of Manchester in the County of
Lancaster for an invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING
METALS BY MEANS OF ROTATING TOOLS OR CUTTERS
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Wilson Hulse at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th March 1882.
WILLIAM WILSON HULSE of Manchester in the County of Lancaster,
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING METALS BY MEANS OF ROTATING
TOOLS OR CUTTERS
"
These improvements have reference to machinery in which the tool or cutter is
carried either in or upon a rotating spindle which forms a part of the machinery
or in or upon an independent tool or cutter bar driven by such rotating spindle,
and relate chiefly to the means whereby the tool or cutter is rotated and has its
position adjusted or varied, and also to the apparatus on which the work to be
operated upon, is secured.
According to one arrangement, the rotating spindle is mounted in bearings of
conical form in or upon a slide which is movable endwise in suitable guides and
carries the rotating spindle along with it. The slide is provided with a locking
arrangement by means of which it may be held firmly in position when a movement
endwise is not desired. A tail pin is provided for receiving the thrust of the
rotating spindle when the tool or cutter is at work. The tail pin forms by
preference the end of a screw on which works a rotating nut, which may be
driven either automatically or by hand, for the purpose of imparting end movement
to the rotating spindle and the slide, as and when required. Rotatory movement
is imparted to the spindle by means of a wide spur pinion gearing into a spur
wheel of ordinary width which is keyed fast upon the spindle and moves end wise
along with it. The width of the wide spur pinion is such that both it and the
spur wheel remain in gear at all parts of the traverse of the spindle.
In alternative arrangements the bearings of the rotating spindle may be either
I Price 1

page_text: of the ordinary parallel description or they may be what are known as corrugated
bearings, in which latter case the sides of the corrugations are inclined to the axis
of the rotating spindle so that the latter becomes self centering when it is subjected
to end thrust by the cutting operation. If the bearings are of the parallel
description a tail pin is by preference used to receive the end thrust of the rotating
spindle, but if the bearings are corrugated, the tail pin may be dispensed with.
For driving the rotating spindle when the wheel and pinion arrangement above
described is inconvenient or inadmissible and when the situation in which the
rotating spindle works is unusually confined, a worm and worm wheel driven by
suitable gearing are mounted upon the slide which carries the rotating spindle, the
teeth of the worm wheel being of the straight description; and in the body of the
rotating spindle (which may be of tubular form) are cut teeth which gear into
those of the worm wheel. In this case the traversing of the slide may be effected
by means of a screw (driven either automatically or by hand) which gears into a
pinion carried upon the slide and having worm wheel teeth. This pinion may
either be locked so as to serve as a nut for the screw, or may be rotated by hand,
and thus serve as a rack pinion and enable a quick traverse to be given to the
slide.
When the rotating spindle is unusually large the means for imparting end
movement to it are as follows:-In connection with the rotating spindle (which
may either be mounted in or upon a slide as already described, or in fixed bearings)
is a screw. Upon this screw are two worm wheels into which gear two respective
worms which are driven by suitable gearing so arranged that either both of the
worm wheels may be operated simultaneously or that each may be operated while
the other remains at rest. Both of the worn wheels rotate in the same direction,
and one rotates slightly faster than the other; one of them acts as a nut upon the
screw, and the other is furnished with a feather key which takes into and can slide
along a longitudinal groove or key way cut in the screw; so that when the worin
wheel having the feather key is rotated, the screw rotates along with it. When
both worm wheels are rotated simultaneously their differential speed causes a slow
end movement of the screw and of the rotating spindle for applying either cutting
feed or a slow adjustment to the tool or cutter; and a quick end movement of the
screw and spindle is obtained in either direction by rotating one or other only of
the two worm wheels respectively. In some cases that part of the body of the
machinery which carries the slide in which the rotating spindle is mounted' may
form another or second slide movable in suitable guides in a direction either parallel
with or at right angles to the axis of the rotating spindle, and when this second
slide is movable in the latter direction, that part of the body of the machinery
which carries it, may form another or third slide moveable in suitable guides in a
direction at right angles to the axis of the rotating spindle. The traverso of
the second and third slides may be produced either wholly by hand or wholly
automatically or alternatively by each, suitable clutches being provided in the last
case for putting the automatic gear in or out of action as and when required.
In the apparatus upon which the work to be operated upon is secured, in addition
to the pair of transverse slides and to the revolving table commonly employed, a
second pair of transverse slides is applied to the revolving table. By means of this
second pair of transverse slides the position of the work to be operated upon in
relation to the axis of rotation of the table may be readily adjusted, and as a
consequence the production of curved or circular work may be much facilitated.
To ensure greater steadiness the V's of the second pair of transverse slides may be
formed to a more acute angle than is nsually employed in ordinary slides, and each
of the two slides is provided with a locking arrangement. By means of suitable
mechanism the movements of one pair of transverse slides and of the revolving
table are made automatic and clutches are provided which enable the two slides and
the revolving table to be thrown in or out of action with the automatic mechanisın
cach independently of the others.

page_text: When the work to be operated upon is such as a large coupled crank shaft, in the
couplings of which it is desired to form the holes for the coupling bolts, the coupling
in which the holes are to be formed is supported upon a pair of inclined blocks
which are adjustable. either simultaneously or independently by means of screws
for the purpose of adjusting the position of the work (in a transverse direction)
both vertically and horizontally, the outer ends of the cranks' being supported on
suitable pillows or blocks.
It is to be understood that these improvements in machinery for cutting metals
by means of rotating tools or cutters, are not limited to the precise methods herein
described and referred to for carrying them into effect, and that other arrangements
besides those herein described for carrying the work to be operated' upon, may be
employed in combination with the improvements in other parts of the machinery.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Wilson Hulse in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
28th September 1882.
WILLIAM WILSON HULSE of Manchester in the County of Lancaster
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING METALS BY MEANS OF ROTATING
TOOLS OR CUTTERS
"
These improvements. have reference to machinery in which the tool or cutter is
carried in or upon a rotating spindle which forms a part of the machinery, and
relate chiefly to the means whereby the tool or cutter is rotated' and has its
position adjusted or varied; and also to the apparatus on which the work to be
operated upon, is secured.
According to one arrangement the rotating spindle is mounted in bearings of
conical form in or upon a slide which is movable endwise in suitable guides and
carries. the rotating spindle along with it. The slide is provided with a locking
arrangement by means of which it may be held firmly in position when a move-
ment endwise is not desired. A tail pin is provided for receiving the thrust of the
rotating spindle when the tool or cutter is at work-The tail pin forms by
preference the end of a screw on which works a rotating nut, which may be driven
either automatically or by hand, for the purpose of imparting end movement to
the rotating spindle and the slide, as and when required. Rotatory movement is
imparted to the spindle by means of a wide spur pinion gearing into a spur wheel
of ordinary width which is keyed fast upon the spindle and moves endwise along
with it. The width of the wide spur pinion is such that both it and the spur
wheel remain in gear at all parts of the traverse of the spindle.
In alternative arrangements the bearings of the rotating spindle may be either
of the ordinary parallel description or they may be what are known as corrugated
bearings in which latter case the side of the corrugations are inclined to the axis
of the rotating spindle so that the latter becomes self centering when it is subjected
to end thrust by the cutting operation-If the bearings are of the parallel
description a tail pin is by preference used to receive the end thrust of the
rotating spindle, but if the bearings are corrugated the tail pin may be dispensed.
with.
When the rotating spindle is unusually large the means for imparting end
movement to it are as follows:-In connection with the rotating spindle (which
anay either be mounted in or upon a slide as already described, or in fixed bearings)
is a screw. Upon this screw are two worm wheels into which gear two respective
worms which are driven by suitable gearing so arranged that either both of the
worm wheels may be operated simultaneously or that each may be separated while
the other remains at rest-Both of the worm wheels rotate in the same direction,
and one rotates slightly faster than the other: one of them acts as a nut upon the
screw, and the other is furnished with a feather key which takes into and can
slide along a longitudinal groove or key way cut in the screw: so that when the
worm wheel having the feather key is rotated, the screw rotates along with it-
When both worm wheels are rotated simultaneously the differential speed causes a
slow end movement of the screw and of the rotating spindle for applying either
cutting feed or a slow adjustment to the tool or cutter; and a quick end movement
of the screw and spindle is obtained in either direction by rotating one or other
only of the two worm wheels respectively.
In the apparatus upon which the work to be operated upon is secured in addition
to the pair of transverse slides and to the revolving table commonly employed a
second pair of transverse slides is applied to the revolving table. By means of this
second pair of transverse slides the position of the work to be operated upon in

page_text: relation to the axis of rotation of the table may be readily adjusted, and as a
consequence the production of curved and circular work may be much facilitated,
To ensure greater steadiness the V's of the second pair of transverse slides may be
formed to a more acute angle than is usually employed in ordinary slides, and each
of the two slides is provided with a locking arrangement. By means of suitable
mechanism the movements of one pair of transverse slides and of the revolving
table are made automatic and clutches are provided which enable the two slides
and the revolving table to be thrown in or out of action with the automatic
mechanism each independently of the others.
Fig: A is a front elevation of a combined Milling and Drilling Machine
constructed according to the present improvements.
Fig B is a side elevation of the same machine. 1 is the body or standard of
the machine; 2 is the rotating spindle, carried in conical bearings, provided, as
shown, in the slide 3, which is moveable endwise in guides 4. 4. Fig: O is
a section of the slide 3 and spindle 2 at the line a, b; the portions of the slide
which work in the guides being, as shown in this Fig., of square section externally.
The milling or the drilling tool is secured at the lower end of the spindle 2, In
Figs A and B a milling tool is shown in position. 5 is a locking screw, by means
of which the slide 3 may be held firmly in position when a movement end wise is
not desired. The arrangement of a spindle mounted in bearings in a slide, which
is provided with a locking screw, all as described and shown, affords greater
steadiness to the operation of the milling tool than is obtained with the stationary
spindle bearings commonly employed. G is the tail pin for receiving the upward
thrust of the spindle 2; this pin forms the lower end of the screw 7, upon which
works a nut, which forms the centre of the toothed wheel 8, and rotates along
with it; the wheel is rotated in either direction, as may be required by means of
a handle 23, shaft 24, and toothed wheel 25, it has no end movement, and therefore
its rotation causes the slide 3 and with it the spindle 2 to be either raised or
lowered according to the direction of rotation; The slide 3 and spindle 2 may also
be automatically traversed together in a downward direction by means of the cone
pulleys 21. 22 which drive the worm 26 and the combined worm and ratchet
wheel 27 which last drives the shaft 24 through the intervention of the handle 23
and of the pawl shown connected thereto. The automatic arrangement just
described is applicable mainly to drilling and boring purposes. The spindle 2 is
rotated by means of the wide toothed pinion 9 which gears into the toothed
wheel 10, keyed upon the spindle 2, and carried endwise along with it. The width
of the pinion 9 is such that it and the wheel 10 remain in gear with each other at
all parts of tho traverse of the spindle 2; 11 is a cone driving pulley, through
which rotation is transmitted to the pinion 9 by means of shafting and gearing as
shown. In the apparatus upon which the work to be operated upon is secured
12 and 13 are a pair of transverse slides, and 14 is a worm wheel 15 and 16 are
an additional pair of transverse slides, and are mounted upon the worm wheel 14;
the V's of this last pair of slides are, for the sake of ensuring greater steadiness,
formed to a more acute angle than is usually adopted for the slides ordinarily
employed; for a similar purpose each one of this pair of slides is provided with a
locking screw 17, by means of which it may be held fast when it is not required
to be traversed. The slides 15 and 16 are moveable along their respective guides
by hand only, and for the purpose of readily adjusting the work which is secured
upon the upper grooved slide 16. The slides 12. 13 and revolving table 14 are
moveable both backwards and forwards either automatically by means of the two
cone pulleys 18, 19 and of the shafting and gearing as shown, or by hand. For
the purpose of throwing each or any of the slides 12, 13, and the worm wheel 14
in or out of action with the automatic gear three respective conical friction clutches
are provided as shown, and are operated respectively by the handles 20, 20, 20.-
In some cases the slides 15, 16 may be removed and the work to be operated upon
secured on the top of the worm wheel 14, which in such case: has its top suitably
formed with grooves for the purpose.

page_text: Fig D is a front elevation and Fig: E a side elevation of an arrangement of
mechanism, designed in accordance with the present improvements, for traversing
the spindles of Drilling and Boring Machines. 2 is the spindle; it is contained in
the tube 43 and is moveable therein endwise; the tube 43 is rotated through the
intervention of the toothed wheel 28, and is carried in stationary bearings at 29, 30.
in the upper end of the spindle 2 is fixed a long cylindrical tail piece which passes
through a tubular screw 31; the tail piece is free to rotate within the tubular
screw, and they and the spindle 2 are moveable endwise together-Upon the
tubular screw are two worm wheels 31, 32; the worin wheel 31a is furnished with
a feather key which enters a long groove in the tubular screw 31 so that a rotation
of the worm wheel causes the tubular screw also to rotate, and the worm wheel 32
is formed as a nut upon the tubular screw; the two worm wheels 31, 32 are
driven by the respective worms 33, 34, through the cone pulley 35, shaft 36,
sliding pinions 37, 38 pinions 39, 40 and shafts 41, 42; the worm wheels 31ª, 32
rotate at slightly differing speeds, the differentiation of speed being obtained by
employing a differential number of teeth either in the worm wheels 31ª, 32 or
in the pinions which drive them-By means of the sliding pinions 37 38
the worms 31ª, 32 may both be operated simultaneously or both be left
simultaneously at rest, or either worm wheel may be operated alone while the
other remains at rest. When both worm wheels are in simultaneous operation, a
slow downward traverse is imparted to the spindle 2, and when one only of the
worm wheels is in operation, a comparatively rapid upward or downward traverse
is imparted to the spindle, according as it is one or other of the worm wheels which
is in operation.
It is to be understood that in carrying out the improvements described in the
'present Specification-I do not confine myself to the precise details herein setforth,
it being obvious that slight modifications of detail may be made without altering
the general arrangement of the machines described.
:
From a perusual of my Provisional Specification it will be observed that some
of the improvements therein referred to are not described in this my Final
Specification, nor shewn in the drawings which accompany it; this is owing to the
period of provisional protection not having been sufficiently long for their due
developement.
Having now described the nature of my Invention and shewn how the
same may be carried into effect, I wish it to be understood that what I claim as
being novel is:-
1 The general arrangement of a combined Milling and Drilling Machine
substantially as shown in Figs A, B and C and described by the accompanying
Specification.
.
'
2. The general arrangement of a Milling Machine substantially as shown in
Figs. A, B and C and described by the accompanying Specification, but with the
automatic feed mechanism for the spindle 2 (as required for drilling purposes)
omitted.
3. The arrangement of mechanism, substantially as shown in figs : D. and E, and
described in the accompanying specification, for traversing the spindles of Drilling
and Boring Machines.
In witness whereof I the said William Wilson Hulse have hereunto set my
hand and seal this twenty seventh day of September in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty two