matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING TOBACCO
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Murdoch at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th May
1875.
I, GEORGE MURDOCH, of Belfast, in the County of Antrim, in Ireland,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING TOBACCO," to be as
follows:-
For the purpose of spinning the tobacco I employ an adjustable plate
having an intermittent horizontal motion, and passing forwards and
backwards over the drum but at an angle therewith.
My adjustable plate is attached to a horizontal bar and rack which
receives its motion forwards from a segment of a toothed wheel, and is
shot or drawn backwards when relieved from the operation of the wheel
by means of a spring or weight. When the forward motion is completed,
the adjustable plate is elevated by means of springs, levers, or weights,
acting upon the bar or rack, and the tobacco is thus released from the
pressure of the adjustable plate until the forward motion recommences.

page_text: The adjustable plate is by means of screws or springs adapted to the
size of rope to be spun.
I may cover the plate and drum with hard wood, india-rubber, or gutta
percha.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TOYS TO BE USED IN CONNECTION WITH LAMPS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 6th July 1875.- A communication from abroad by Joseph
Porter Michaels, of Vienna, Austria.
I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co.,
Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TOYS TO BE USED IN
CONNECTION WITH LAMPS," a communication, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to toys to be used in connection with any kind
of lamp having a chimney, and the said toys are made to revolve on a
pivot by the draught from the chimney, so as to cause figures forming
a part of the toy to move around the light.
This apparatus consists, firstly, of a pivot piece; secondly, of a motor
caused to revolve on the pivot by the draught from the chimney; thirdly,
of an arrangement in connection with the motor, and serving to carry
the figures; and finally of the said figures. The piece acting as motor
may be any suitable screw, wheel, or vanes, capable of being rotated by
a draught from the chimney. To this piece are hung in any convenient

page_text: manner the part or parts intended for carrying the figures, which consist
preferably either of a gallery suspended by chains or wires, or of bent
wires formed with hooks for attaching the figures. The said pivot piece
is preferably formed of a piece of bent wire resting partly inside the
chimney and partly on the edge of the same; the figures are preferably
cut out of cardboard.
The entire construction is preferably such that the whole of the pieces
can be readily packed together in a comparatively small compass, not
much exceeding the height of the aforesaid wheel or vanes.
A NEW CONVERTIBLE GARMENT FOR LADIES' AND GENTLEMEN'S USE
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Schamu Moritz Moschcowitz at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 3rd November 1875.
I, SCHAMU MORITZ MOSCHсOWITZ, of Paris, France, Merchant, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW CONVERTIBLE
GARMENT FOR LADIES' AND GENTLEMEN'S USE," to be as follows:
My Invention relates to a new convertible or multiple garment for
male or female wear, but more especially the latter, which garment
may be worn as a waterproof, jacket and tunic, polonaise, and cloak at
pleasure.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings shows a garment complete as
worn for travelling.
Figure 2 shows a garment for generally wear. It is composed of two
parts, a tunic and jacket, which may be worn either together or
separately.
Figure 3 shows a garment of more graceful form than an ordinary
waterproof.

page_text: The tunic is then put on and fastened in front by a hook and eye, which
are on the elastic, and the cords of which, there is one on each side, aro
then attached to button A so as to keep the tunic closed at the waist.
When the jacket is put on the garment is complete.
5 To produce the form shown in Figure 3 turn the hood inwards and
0
before.
To form the paletot, Figure 4, turn the hood inwards and attach
button A to button holo A
C
C
"
"
"
AA
B
B and B O
"
D
D
"
"
E
E
5
"
"
F
F
33
"
.L
G
33
"
1
1
"
"
"
J
K
"
J
K
"
"
0
Then put on the garment, draw together slightly the skirts of the
jacket, and attach the band W to button C to form a waistband in
front.

page_text: and attach the hook and eye at the middle of the back, turn the hoods
outwards, pull the cord at the middle of the back to adjust the hood,
place the cloak upon the shoulders, hook it together in front with the
lapel on the right side over the left side.
IMPROVED MEANS FOR VENTILATING RAILWAY TUNNELS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Valentine Græme Bell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th December 1875.
I, VALENTINE GRÆME BELL, of Westminster Chambers, in the City
of Westminster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS FOR VENTILATING RAILWAY TUNNELS,” to be
as follows:-
This Invention relates mainly to the ventilation of railway tunnels of
considerable length, its object being to remove the products of com-
bustion and steam or watery vapour generated by the locomotive engines
before they have time to cool down and mix with the cold air currents
circulating in the lower part of the tunnel.
The Invention applies to tunnels which are provided with vertical
ventilating shafts, and also to tunnels which are not or cannot be so
provided.
The roof space of the tunnel to be ventilated according to my Inven-
tion is divided into sections of any given length by means of transverse
screens, which extend down from the roof of the tunnel to a depth that

page_text: will allow of the chimneys of the locomotive engines clearing them.
From these sections of the tunnels proceed ventilating passages that
lead to ventilating shafts or to the open air at opposite ends of the
tunnel. These ventilating passages may be made in the walls and
roof of the tunnel, or they may be internal additions to the tunnel.
Supposing the tunnel to have no ventilating shaft it will be con-
venient so to arrange the air passages with one half of their number
leading to one end, and the other to the opposite end of the tunnel.
Each air passage or pair of air passages will open into a separate section
of the tunnel for the purpose of drawing off the gases of combustion
and steam that have been discharged into that section. These air
passages will be so proportioned with respect to each other as to ensure
equal or nearly equal air currents to them all.
To prevent dust ascending with the heated gases and vapours into
the air passages, and also to provide against an upward rush of air from
the lower part of the tunnel, the mouths of the air passages are pro-
tected by deflecting plates, which will induce the heated gases and
vapours to flow in horizontal currents to the air passages. At the
delivery ends of these passages I provide an exhaustion, either by using
rotary fans, or connecting the air passages with furnaces, or by adapting
any other of the well-known methods used for inducing a current
of air.
In the case of a tunnel being provided with one or more air shafts it
is proposed not to allow such shaft or shafts to open directly into the
tunnel, but to run air passages (arranged as above described) from the
roof of the tunnel to the shaft or shafts, and thereby to discharge the
heated gases and vapour before they have time to cool and mingle with
the general atmosphere of the tunnel.
AN IMPROVED RAILWAY BREAK
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Foucard at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
December 1875.-A communication from abroad by Louis Leturmy,
of Le Mans, in the Republic of France.
I, CHARLES FOUCARD, of Three Crown Square, Southwark, in the
County of Surrey, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED RAILWAY BREAK," to be as follows, that
is to say:
This Invention consists in the construction of an improved railway
break, whereby a train can be retarded or stopped quickly and within a
short distance.
The improved break consists of a screw thread having three turns cut
or formed on the axles, and such screw threads fitting into two screw
nuts connected together by an iron cross bar serve to retard or stop the
rotation of the axles, and thereby the wheels when the said screw nuts
come in contact with a washer at the end of the screw thread. Two
cylindrical springs placed on the screw threads are employed to deaden

page_text: the shock, which would be produced by the sudden stopping of the
revolution of the axles.
Two iron balance stop bars are used to hold the cross bar in position
and prevent (when they are in the vertical position) the screw nuts
from fitting on to the screws of the axles; the upper ends of these
balance stop bars engage into notches in a sliding plate or bar, passing
from one end of the carriage to the other, and serving (when a
horizontal movement is communicated to it) to cause the balance stop
bars to take a horizontal position, thereby disengaging the cross bar and
screw nuts, and allowing them to pass on to or embrace the screws.
This movement is communicated to the cross bar by means of two
springs, which force the cross bar to pass on to the screw threads of the
axles. The motion imparted to the sliding plate or bar is given by
means of a pulley placed on the tender, and which draws on a chain,
forcing the sliding plates or bars to move. The sliding bars of each
carriage are connected together by hinges, allowing the bars to follow
the to-and-fro movement of the carriages.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SYRINGING OR WATERING PLANTS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Fuller at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
October 1875.
I, THOMAS FULLER, of Longcrofts, New Shoreham, in the County of
Sussex, Doctor of Medicine, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SYRINGING OR
WATERING PLANTS," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to provide at a comparatively small
expense a constant supply of water at a temperature suitable for the
syringing or watering of plants in greenhouses, conservatories, and
forcing houses.
I propose to use a coil of lead pipe enclosed within a tube or chamber,
one end of this coil being in connection with a cold water tank, and the
other with a hose, the enclosing chamber having an inlet pipe from the
boiler at one end and a return pipe to the boiler at the other end, a small
cock being provided for escape of air from the hot water chamber, to
which I also propose to attach a thermometer to indicate the degree of
heat.

page_text: The water entering one end of the coil cold will leave it at the
opposite end warmed to the degree required, the cock on the hot water
inlet pipe being set to admit a sufficient supply from the boiler to
maintain the desired temperature.
In lieu of a coil of lead pipe, which is somewhat costly, I may use a
cylinder or chamber, preferably of copper, within an outer chamber of
but little larger diameter, the space between the inner and outer cylinder
or chamber being used for the circulation of the water to be warmed,
and the inner chamber or tube in connection with the boiler for tho
supply of heating water. Or I may circulate the water to be licated
through a series of horizontal or vertical tubes running through a
cylinder or chamber containing the heating water.
Or again I may
surround any ordinary stove heating by hot air or water with a jacket
within which the water to be used for syringing will circulate in its
passage from the tank to the watering hose.
It will be evident that I may greatly vary the arrangement of the
hot and cold water compartments while preserving the essential
characteristics of my Invention, that is to say, the utilization of any
existing source of heat for the purpose of heating the water used for
syringing in its passage from the supply tank to the hose through
which it is to be directed upon the plants.
A CERTAIN NEW AND USEFUL PROCESS IN THE PRODUCTION OF GLOSSINESS, AND THE APPLICATION OF MORDANTS AND DYE ON VEGETABLE TEXTILES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joan Baptiste Kuenemann at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 19th January 1875.—A communication from abroad by Paul.
Magner and Edward Kunemann, M.D., both of New Orleans, in the
United States of America.
I, JEAN BAPTISTE KUENEMANN, of 13, Rue St. Florentin, Paris, in
the Republic of France, at present residing at the Hotel de Paris et do
l'Europe, Leicester Square, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "A CERTAIN NEW AND USEFUL
PROCESS IN THE PRODUCTION OF GLOSSINESS, AND THE APPLICATION OF MORDANTS
AND DYE ON VEGETABLE TEXTILES," to be as follows :-
This Invention has for its object a certain new and useful process in
the production of glossiness and the application of mordants and dyo on
vegetable textiles.
After cotton, hemp, or any other vegetable textiles, have been
bleached and its gummy and extractive matter has been fully removed
by ordinary processes, I convert it into pyroxyline by soaking tho
celluloso perfectly dryed in a mixture of concentrated nitric acid and
sulphuric acid of required specific gravity. 2. I wash it out and dip it
still wet in bisulphide of hydrogen from eight to twelve minutes,

page_text: according to the kind of the textile. 3. When dryed again I steep it in a
solution containing twenty per cent. of hypophosphite of soda, ammonia,.
or potassa, or by any other reducing or disoxydating agents, by which
collulose may be acted upon; when again washed and dryed the cellulose
or vegetable textiles thus modified and chemically azotised, takes up as
readily and thoroughly the ordinary mordants and various dyeing stuffs
as do the various animal or naturally azotised textiles, such as wool,
hair, &c., and even assumes in various colours an almost identical
appearance and brilliancy as silk similarly dyed.
1. The soaking in disuipnide or nyɑrogen.
2º. The soaking in a dissolution of hypophosphite of soda, potassa, or
ammonia, and in any other reducing or disoxydating agents.
I do finally claim as the Invention communicated to me as afore-
said,―
1º. A new process by which vegetable textile fibres become as glossy 2
.and are rendered as apt to be dyed as animal textiles like wool and silk,
through a method of chemical azotisation and oxydation of cellulose, and
a subsequent disoxydation of the same, thus modified in order to remove.
its spontaneous combustibility and explosive properties.
2º. As long as that azotisation and disoxydation will be a necessary 2
requisite for mordancing and dyeing vegetable textiles, the Invention
cannot be essentially modified by any modifications introduced in the
details of the process, and consequently I am entitled to the property of
it however modified as long as the principle on which it is based is
retained.
8
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDINGS, AND IN THE BRICKS, BLOCKS, OR TILES USED FOR SUCH PURPOSES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Franklin Prestage at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
June 1875.
I, FRANKLIN PRESTAGE, of Broseley, in the County of Salop, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
“IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDINGS, AND IN THE BRICKS, BLOCKS,
OR TILES USED FOR SUCH PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in constructing buildings of hollow bricks,
blocks, or tiles, for the purpose of saving material and weight, and
rendering the structures lighter than when built of solid materials, such
as stone or brick of the ordinary kind.
The hollow bricks, blocks, or tiles, which I use for the purpose of my
Invention are of rectangular, hexagonal, circular, or any other suitable
form, and are made with a lip or external flange at either or both ends, the
body of the brick or block being hollow or tubular, so that when used
in forming walls, piers, or arches, or such works, the external flange
will (with all needful accuracy) adjust or regulate the true position of
each brick, block, or tile. The interstices or spaces between the bodies

page_text: of the bricks or blocks are to be grouted with mortar, concrete, cement,
or other suitable material, so that they will thus be left equidistant and
uniform in position, and the waste or the use of an unnecessary quantity
of mortar, concrete, grouting, or cement, will be avoided.
The bricks, blocks, or tiles, may be of rectangular, hexagonal,
cylindrical, or any other suitable form, and the flanges may in either
case be cylindrical or angular, but I prefer for obvious reasons to
construct the blocks and their flanges of an hexagonal form.
The bricks, blocks, or tiles may also be open or closed in at the ends
according to the purpose for which they are to be employed. When the
bricks or blocks are to be used for straight work, as in building walls,
their sides should be made parallel, but when they are intended to
construct arches they may be made slightly tapering, the amount of
taper depending upon the pitch or curve of the arch. Walls may be
constructed of these hollow hexagonal bricks or blocks by unskilled
labour, as the workman will only have to place them one on the other
in a true vertical position, the flanges being the guide to make them fit.
The spaces between the blocks may then be filled with grouting as
already mentioned.
In constructing arches a proper centroing must first be prepared and a
fixed by a skilled artizan in the usual manner, and then the hollow
bricks or blocks one, two, or more rows, one on top of the other may be
placed by unskilled labour, and the spaces between them grouted in as
before.
For light arches, for footway bridges one row of the bricks or blocks 2
of suitable depth or length will give sufficient strength, I would also
observe that bricks or blocks for this purpose need not have flanges at
both ends, as the flange at the lower end will be sufficient to ensure the
proper placing of the blocks.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR APPLIANCES FOR TRIMMING OR PARING LINSEED AND LIKE CAKE
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Virtue at the Office.
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
November 1875.
I, FRANCIS VIRTUE, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR APPLIANCES FOR TRIMMING
OR PARING LINSEED AND LIKE CAKE," to be as follows:-
:-
This Invention has for its object to provide apparatus or appliances
for paring or trimming the edges of linseed oil and like cake as it comes
from the press.
For the above object I employ in combination apparatus or appliances
for adjusting, supporting, and holding the cake in position, and
reciprocating knives for paring and trimming the four edges of the cake
at one operation, the whole being operated automatically from any
suitable prime mover.
As means for carrying my Invention into practice I proceed as
follows: The cake to be pared or trimmed is placed on a table and held
in position by retaining pieces, which fall on to the cake as soon as the

page_text: machine is started; two knives then advance, one along each of the
longitudinal edges of the cake, and so pare or trim the cake to the desired
width; during the return stroke the said knives may be lowered or
moved away from the cake. The ends of the cake are pared or
trimmed by means of knives fixed on a bar having a rocking motion.
As each cake is pared or trimmed the machine is stopped automatically
and the retaining pieces raised so as to allow of removal of the finished
cake and the placing of another in position, the gauge pieces are at the
same time lowered into position. A quick forward motion is given to
the side cutting knives so as to neatly pare the edges. The retaining,
supporting, and gauge pieces are operated automatically and are
adjustable.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GLOVES & OTHER HAND COVERINGS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Alfred Balshaw at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
6th March 1875.
I, JAMES ALFRED BALSHAW, of Whitchurch, in the County of Salop,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN GLOVES & OTHER HAND COVERINGS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the construction of a glove that
while easily and quickly drawn on and off and requiring no fastening,
shall not be puckered up and wrinkled like gloves kept tight with an
clastic band or strap sewn on. To accomplish this object I cut down
the body of the glove in one or more places, preferably at the sides and
replace the material so cut out by a triangular or elongated gusset or
piece of elastic material in the manner of a spring side boot or shoe. As
an elastic material for this purpose I prefer silk and india-rubber braided
together, the india-rubber threads being approximately perpendicular to
the cut edges, this is sewn inside the glove, and I usually fray these
sewn edges or otherwise lessen their bulk, and cover them over with a
thin piece of silk or other strong fine material so as to prevent them

page_text: from excoriating or feeling uncomfortable to the hand. To prevent the
edge of the glove protruding with a heavy white edge over the elastic, I
usually parc down the leather to a sharp edge and turn it in (securing it
in any desirable manner), so as to present to view a fine rounded edge
of the smooth surface of the leather without increasing the bulk.
Sometimes instead of the elastic above described I use simple sheet
india-rubber colored the same as the gloves or otherwise. In this case
as the stitching is apt to make the gloves brittle I wash over and rub
well into the india-rubber a solution of caoutchouc in carbon bisulphide.
This unites the weakened material. I also ease down the edges of the
india-rubber with the same substance. Gussets thus made will without
careful inspection almost pass for kid. For very warm winter wear I
use kid gloves with elastic gussets as previously described with knitted
woollen gloves sewn inside them. In this description of goods the
knitted lining for a considerable distance round the elastic is not sewn to
the leather glove, a single stitch or two being placed at the upper edge
of the centre of the elastic to keep them together at the point. By this
means I get an elastic glove with elastic lining, and there is no need to
cut the lining away under the elastic gusset. The whole can be slipped
on and off in a moment, and is impervious to the cold air, besides
dispensing with the fastening so necessary with ordinary gloves, and so
difficult to accomplish with chilled fingers.
One important point in designing these gloves is to make them extend
up the arm further than is usually done, otherwise the elastic gives them
a tendensey to slip back over the hand.
The improvements above described applicable to gloves are in some
measure also applicable to mittens.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR THE PURIFICATION OF Gas
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Corbet Woodall and Thomas
Wills at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 24th May 1875.
We, CORBET WOODALL, of the Phoenix Gas Works, Vauxhall, in the
County of Surrey, and THOMAS WILLS, of Brixton, also in the County of
Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR THE PURIFICATION OF Gas," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to a method of and apparatus for the better
purification of gas from ammonia, carbonic acid, sulphuretted hydrogen,
bisulphide of carbon and their compounds, being accomplished by the
injection into certain washers or scrubbers, or system of washers or
scrubbers, either of the ordinary or some special form of a combined jet
or jets of steam and water, or of steam and ammoniacal liquor, purified
or not, or of sulphide of ammonium specially prepared, or of some other
liquid purifying agent calculated to remove any or all of the above-
mentioned compounds.
The use of water, purified ammoniacal liquor, or sulphide of ammonium,
is not new, but the application of these liquids through the intervention

page_text: of a compound jet or jets consisting of one tube inserted within another,
the outer one being used for the delivery of the liquid and the inner one
for the injection of the steam, whereby the gas is subjected to a more
effectual washing, is new, as is also the use of crude ammoniacal liquor
by means of the said jet or jets for the removal of sulphur compounds
from gas which has been previously freed from carbonic acid.
IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO THE PROPULSION OF SAILING VESSELS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Elliot at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
August 1875.
I, WILLIAM ELLIOT, of Camberwell, in the County of Surrey, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO THE PROPULSION OF SAILING VESSELS," to be as
follows:-
―:
The object of this Invention is,—
Firstly. To supply a means whereby sailing vessels may be enabled to
make use of temporary steam propulsion for the purpose of traversing
calms or for obtaining steerage way in ascending or descending rivers on
the tide, and for other purposes where it may be required.
Secondly. It may be applied to sailing boats and barges, by which
means they may be used at will either as steam launches or in the
ordinary way.
The Invention consists of a frame carrying a screw shaft and screw
propeller with the necessary gearing and shafting, one of which frames

page_text: can be slid down on guides permanently attached to the hull of the
vessel, to which it is intended to apply the Invention, on each side
thereof, and to a convenient depth below the water line; communication
can then be established between the gearing of the screw shaft and a
donkey engine or other motive power on board the vessel, by which
means the screws can be compelled to revolve and the vessel be
propelled.
When not required the screw frames can be removed from the guides,
and the vessel can voyage as an ordinary sailing ship.
If preferred, paddle wheels or machinery for propelling by the reaction
of a current of water or of steam or gases may be substituted for the
screws above indicated.
From the foregoing description it will be seen that the machinery of
propulsion is applied to the exterior of the vessel without the necessity
of shaft holes or other communication through the hull of the ship
with the driving power. In consequence the facility with which the
propelling machinery can be removed when not required and applied
again when required is increased.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING FIBRES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Tylor at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th August
1875.
I, LOUIS TYLOR, of Arnside, in the County of Westmoreland, Spinner
and Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING
FIBRES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in machinery for
spinning and doubling fibres, morc especially applicable to throstle
> spinning.
The object of this Invention is to reduce the drag upon the yarn,
thereby lessening the number of ends down and the consequent pro-
duction of waste.
By the adoption of my Invention a greater speed can be advan-
tageously used, a softer yarn produced, and the process of spinning
or doubling greatly facilitated. I accomplish this in the following
manner: On to the ordinary spindle of the throstle or flyer I place

page_text: loosely a wharl or grooved pulley with the flanges resting upon the
bolster or lifting rail, somewhat larger than the upper flange upon which
the ordinary bobbin mounted also loosely upon the spindle of throstle or
flyer rests.
The whole of the spindles on the frame are thus mounted
and the wharls connected in pairs by means of endless or jointed bands;
thus motion is imparted to the wharls from the spindles themselves, and
not seperately obtained from any distinct portion of the frames.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF OBTAINING THE CARBURETTED HYDROGEN AND OLEFIANT GASES ARISING FROM THE DISTILLATION OF COAL
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Reginald James Blewitt at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th December 1875.
I, REGINALD JAMES BLEWITT, of Upper Norwood, in the County of
Surrey, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF OBTAINING THE CARBURETTED HYDROGEN AND
OLEFIANT GASES ARISING FROM THE DISTILLATION OF COAL," to be as follows:―
By the ordinary methods of distilling coal for the purpose of obtaining
carburetted hydrogen and olefiant gases very bad smells are occasioned
and great waste takes place.
The object of my Invention is to avoid the formation of these smells,
and to effect the distillation in a more correct and less wasteful
manner.
My Invention consists in distilling the coal in ordinary coke ovens
instead of in retorts as at present, and in leading the gaseous products of
the heating of these ovens into iron mains as they are formed during the
rise in temperature of the ovens. The gases so led away consists of

page_text: carburetted hydrogen and olefiant gases, carrying with them products
capable of being used in numerous ways, especially for dyeing. These
are then treated in the ordinary manner, their various constituents being
extracted in the most convenient way.
11
1
1
P
la cuent sexing is affected and
carburetted hydrogen and olefiant gases, carrying with them products
capable of being used in numerous ways, especially for dyeing. These
are then treated in the ordinary manner, their various constituents being
extracted in the most convenient way.
By the above method of distilling coal a great saving is effected, and.
the various products of distillation can be collected for use in a much
more direct and cheap manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DRAWING LIQUIDS FROM VESSELS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Edwards at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
March 1875.
I, JOHN EDWARDS, of South Hackney, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR DRAWING LIQUIDS FROM VESSELS," to be as follows: :-
:
My improvements consist in the application of a key boss to wood taps.
This key boss is made of wood or metal; the keyhole in the boss is made
of any desired shape, and is so arranged that the key cannot be with-
drawn without the tap being properly turned off; also in forming taps
by making the barrell of wood or metal and fitting a metal cap with a
hole in the centre on to the front of such barrell. Inside this cap I
place a disc of metal which is forced up against the cap. by means of a
spring. When this disc is forced inwards the liquid flows and when
liberated the spring closes the tap.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES AND IN PUMPS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew Higginson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
January 1875.
I, ANDREW HIGGINSON, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES AND IN PUMPS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to that class of motive-power engines in which
the crank is contained in the piston, such piston having a combined
rotating and reciprocating motion, and consists,-
First. As means for guiding the reciprocating end of the piston in
forming such piston with a tongue or guide piece working in a well or
chamber with which the containing cylinder is provided.
Second. As means for ensuring steam-tight contact between the
curved faces of the piston and cylinder I provide the said piston with
contact pieces or ribs, such ribs being fitted in slots in the piston, and
set so as to project a short distance beyond the curved surface of the
piston. The said pieces or ribs are caused to project either by centrifugaļ

page_text: force or by springs, the amount of projection can be adjusted by retaining
rings or like means.
Third. As means for supplying steam or elastic fluid to the said
cylinder, I make use of a slide valve operated through the governor by
means of a bevel cam. The slido valvo is held in direct or indirect 5
contact with the cam preferably by means of the pressure of the
steam.
Fourth. As means for keeping the pressure on one side of the bearings
only, and thus securing smoother working of the parts, I admit
steam before completion of the stroke to act on the tongue or guide 1
piece in the well or chamber mentioned under the above first head.
Engines as above described may be worked by water or gas. They
can also be used as pumps by enlarging the parts and applying power to
give motion to the piston. Steam-tight contact between the piston and
the cylinder covers is made by packing in the usual manner. The above 1
engines are when desired provided with reversing gear.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHEATHING IRON SHIPS AND OTHER VESSELS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Philip Maurice Muntz at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th July 1875.
I, PHILIP MAURICE MUNTZ, of West Bromwich, in the County of
3 Stafford, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SHEATHING IRON SHIPS AND OTHER VESSELS,”
to be as follows:-
:-
In sheathing iron ships with copper or with the well-known alloy of
copper and zinc called sheathing metal it is important that the said
sheathing be isolated from the iron in order to prevent galvanic action,
which action would occasion corrosion of the iron. To effect this
isolation of the metals from one another the iron of the ship is usually
covered with a layer of wood, and upon the layer of wood the thin
sheathing metal is fixed. The connecting of the wood with the iron
and of the sheathing metal with the wood, without at the same time
establishing such a metallic connection between the iron and sheathing
metal as would give rise to the galvanic action referred to, presents great
difficulties.

page_text: The object of my Invention is to obviate the difficulties in question,
and my said Invention consists of the improvements herein-after
described in connecting together the iron, wood, and sheathing metal so
as to obtain both perfect isolation of the metals and the required security
in the attachment of the sheating.
I connect the wood with the iron by means of screw bolts and nuts,
the bolts being passed through the wood, and also through holes in the
iron and secured by screw nuts The heads of the bolts embed them-
selves in depressions made in the wood for that purpose. The sheathing
metal is afterwards attached to the wood by nails or otherwisc.
In order to prevent metallic continuity being established between the
sheathing and the iron by means of the screw bolts and nuts described,
I line the holes in the iron through which the bolts pass with a lining
of wood or other non-conductor of voltaic electricity, and I also place a
washer of non-conducting material underneath the screw nut; or I make
the depressions in the wood in which the heads of the screw bolts embed
themselves so deep that the heads of the bolts when the screw nuts
have drawn them home are sunk below the level of the of the wood, and
the sheathing when fixed to the wood does not come into contact with
the heads of the bolts.
For further security, a disc of wood or other non-conductor may be
put over cach bolt head, so as to fill up the cavity in the wood and
make that part flush with the surrounding parts, and at the same timo
isolate the head of the bolt from the sheathing metal by a non-conductor
of voltaic electricity.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHADES AND GLOBES FOR GASLIGHTS AND LAMPS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry William Sambidge at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 13th July 1875.
I, HENRY WILLIAM SAMBIDGE, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SHADES AND GLOBES FOR GASLIGHTS AND
LAMPS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION," to be as follows, that is to say:—
My Invention consists in forming a supplementary shade or globe of
suitable size to fit upon or into the top of the usual globe or glass; this
supplementary shade or globe is made of glass of any desired tint or
colour, or it may be opaque or obscured, so that by placing the supple-
mentary shade or globe upon the ordinary globe or glass of a gas or oil
burner the shaded, tinted, or moderated light will be diffused, and I
thus dispense with the ordinary metal or paper shades.
The supplementary shade or globe is formed with a rim or flange to
fit into or over the top of the ordinary globe or glass, and it has also a

page_text: projecting brim of any required width. This projecting brim slopes
upon its under side up to the flange, so that the rim or edge of the
ordinary globe or glass is held botween the flange and brim of the
supplementary shade or glass.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR OPENING, CLEANING, SCUTCHING, AND LAPPING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Whitehead at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 30th December 1875.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD WHITEHEAD, of the Firm of Whitehead and
Atherton, of Lowell, Massachusetts, United States of America, Machine
Makers (at present residing at Stalybridge in the County of Lancaster),
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY FOR OPENING, CLEANING, SCUTCHING, AND LAPPING COTTON AND
OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to all descriptions of machinery for opening,
cleaning, scutching, and lapping cotton and other fibrous materials, in
which revolving wire cloth or perforated sheet metal cylinders, generally
called dust cages, have been used in connection with exhausting fans or
cylinders for drawing off the dust, leaf, and refuse contained in the
fibrous materials after they have been acted upon by the beaters or
openers.
In some of the existing machines there are two dust cases to cach,
and in others only one, and when two are used the beaten and opened

page_text: material passes between the cages to the delivery apron or creeper, or to
the lap part of the machine; and where one is used the material from
the beater passes on to the front side of the cage and is then turned
back to the delivery apron or creeper. These modes have the dis-
advantage of enabling a large portion of the leaf and refuse that was
once extracted from the cotton or other material to again pass into it
through the openings in the bottom side of the cage, and it is to obviate
this defect that forms the object of my Invention.
In all cases I employ only one dust cage, and so shape the passage
from the beater or opener that the beaten or opened fibres shall pass
over the top of the cage to the delivery apron or creeper, or to the lap
part of the machine, thereby preventing any of the leaf or refuse from
again mixing with the fibres after they have once been opened. By
this arrangement I require a less number of any description of beators
or porcupine cylinders to clean the fibrous material, and also enable the
yarn made from this process to be cleaner and stronger than any pro-
duced from the existing machines.
IMPROVEMENTS IN QUADRATS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Lindsay at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
April 1875.
1, ROBERT LINDSAY, of the City of Edinburgh, in the County of
Mid Lothian, North Britain, Typefounder, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN QUADRATS," to be as follows,
that is to say :-
This Invention, which relates to improvements in quadrats, has for
its objects, first, to render them more durable and less liable to injury
from the effects of the processes of stereotyping and electrotyping; and
second, to effect economy in time and labour in composition.
Instead of casting them as hitherto in typefounders' or other analogous
metal, which readily expands and contracts, and causes the quadrats
not only to lose their accuracy when subjected to the processes of
stereotyping or electrotyping, but consequently soon to wear and become
uscless, they are, under this Invention, cut from sheet brass, which is
rolled to the thickness or depth of the body required, and are accurately
planed to the proper width.

page_text: The peculiar qualities of brass to resist expansion and contraction
enable the quadrats formed of it to maintain their accuracy and
durability, and for the purposes of their use they are comparatively
indestructible.
The Invention further consists in forming the quadrats of lengths
extending to what is technically known as ten "cm's," or of a length
equal to ten times the depth of body, whereby the lines are more rapidly
completed than by the system at present in use, under which they are
made only to four "em's," or of a length equal to four times the depth.
of the body, so that to form a line of ten "em's" in length, which
requires two four "em's" and one two " em "under the present system,
is according to this Invention formed with a ten "em" complete, and
by a combination two of the quadrat's widths of from four to twenty
"* cm's " are obtained, thus saving time, trouble, and labour.
IMPROVED MEANS OF OBTAINING PATTERNS FOR VARIOUS KINDS OF GARMENTS
Year: 1875

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Olark at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th April 1875.-A communication from abroad by the Firm of
Staub, Conrad, and Company, of Paris, France
.
1, ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS OF OBTAINING PATTERNS FOR VARIOUS
KINDS OF GARMENTS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a new kind of universal pattern termed a
'patterngraph,” by the aid of which patterns may be obtained for
cutting out all kinds of garments for male, female, and children's wear.
This "patterngraph," which is unique of its kind, consists of a sort of
temporary garment in the form of a coat, vest, jacket, trousers, or other
garment (according to the article of wearing apparel of which the
pattern is required) made by knitting with wool, and is designed for the
purpose of enabling patterns to be taken on the person, of all styles of
bodies or vests, trousers, or leggings, as the case may be. To this end
the patterngraph, whether of a form suitable for obtaining the pattern of
a coat or other garment, is provided with sets of lines formed in wool in
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR DYEING FABRICS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Marsden, John Day
Marsden, and Henry Marsden at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 9th June 1875.
WC, RICHARD MARSDEN, JOHN DAY MARSDEN, and HENRY MARSDEN,
of Dewsbury, in the County of York, Dyers, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS FOR DYEING FABRICS," to be as follows:-
:-
This Invention relates to machinery or apparatus for dyeing, in which
the fabric passes over a winch or roller, and through the dye cistern in
the form of an endless sheet.
Hitherto difficulty has been experienced in keeping the piece or fabric
straight or open, which has resulted in uneven colour, and we propose
to remedy this defect by having a scray, lattice sheet, or partition placed
inside the cistern under which the fabric passes. This lattice sheet is
moveable and can be raised out of the cistern, wound upon a winch, and
taken away when desired. By this arrangement the piece is kept
perfectly straight and open, and great evenness of colour obtained, also

page_text: the person in charge of the machine is not compelled to devote constant
attention to keep the cloth straight, and by placing the scray on that
side of the cistern which is furthest from the steam pipe the guards
usually employed for protecting the fabric from the steam are dispensed
with.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PICTURE FRAMES, ORNAMENTAL TABLE MATS, SCREENS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Sutherland Dodman
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 26th November 1875.
I, GEORGE SUTHERLAND DODMAN, of Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
“IMPROVEMENTS IN PICTURE FRAMES, ORNAMENTAL TABLE MATS, SCREENS, AND
OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object a cheap but handsome framework, or
rather ornamentation of framework for picture frames, mats, screens,
and other articles. For this purpose I take a framework of wood,
pasteboard, or metal, preferably the latter, octagon in shape, or a
modification consisting of two equal squares at an angle of 45 degrees
with each other, but with the same centre. Fastening a thread in any
convenient way to the under side I wind it a given number of times
round two parallel edges, the various threads being close together; I
then wind it the same number of times round the next pair of parallel
edges, and go on thus round and round the board till the outside is
entirely covered.

page_text: The thread can be varied in color or inaterial to any extent, silk,
cotton, and linen being all available, and a rich border, such as of gold
or silver thread, or silk, or even of the same material, but of a different
color, can be placed on the outer side to further ornament it. I also
put knobs of brass, ivory, or other material on the corners, and t
occasionally place a scent bag at the back. In the centre is the
picture, which I usually insert before winding. Two cycs are also
affixed to the back to suspend the frame by when it is to be hung