THE CLARIFICATION AND PURIFICATION OF SEWAGE, AND THE DISCHARGES OF POLLUTED WATERS FROM PAPER MILLS, PRINTING WORKS, DYE WORKS, AND FACTORIES BY MEANS OF PRECIPITATION
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Jacobsen, of No. 1, India Buildings,>
Victoria Street, Edinburgh (Merchant), for the Invention of
"THE CLARIFICATION AND PURIFICATION OF SEWAGE, AND THE DISCHARGES
OF POLLUTED WATERS FROM PAPER MILLS, PRINTING WORKS, DYE WORKS,
AND FACTORIES BY MEANS OF PRECIPITATION.”
f
Sealed the 13th January 1874, and dated the 16th July 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Jacobsen at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 16th July 1873.
I, FREDERICK JACOBSEN, of No. 1, India Buildings, Victoria Street,
Edinburgh (Merchant), do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "THE CLARIFICATION AND PURIFICATION OF SEWAGE, AND THE
DISCHARGES OF POLLUTED WATERS FROM PAPER MILLS, PRINTING WORKS, DYE
WORKS, AND FACTORIES BY MEANS OF PRECIPITATION," to be as follows
+
I use as precipitant the sludge, mud, or refuse obtained after the ley
water of paper mills has undergone the soda recovering process. This

page_text: product which at present is a waste and encumbrance I thoroughly dry,
and having reduced it into a fine powder I mix it with water until I
obtain a thick creamy liquid (something like a syrup). This liquid I
then add in certain proportions of so many grains per gallon to the
polluted waters to be operated on, and having been thoroughly mixed
therewith by means of revolving stirrers or otherwise the mixture is
allowed to settle in properly constructed settling ponds or tanks, and
thereafter a thick floculent precipitant will soon commence to form,
which gradually subsides to the bottom of the pond or tank, leaving a
clear supernatent water divested of all or almost all previous impu- 1
rities.
Instead of diluting the dried material with water the material may
also be added in the form of a powder to the foul waters proposed to be
treated.
The supernatent water may in the case where the discharges of 1
factories have to be treated be used over again for rewashing rags,' fibre,
or other manufacturing purposes, and the sludge may be used for pre-
cipitating fresh supplies of polluted discharges. Where sewage has to
be treated I dry the sludge and dispose of it for manurial purposes.
In order to accelerate and facilitate on the subsidence, the following 2
ingredients may in certain cases be used, namely, common salt,
sulphate of zinc, chloride of iron, perchloride of iron. These may be
added either singly or jointly in a solid or soluble state to the pre-
cipitant.

page_text: seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Frederick Jacobsen, Her special licence
that I, the said Frederick Jacobsen, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Frederick Jacobsen, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "THE CLARIFICATION AND PURI-
FICATION OF SEWAGE, AND THE DISCHARGES OF POLLUTED WATERS FROM PAPER
MILLS, PRINTING WORKS, DYE WORKS, AND FACTORIES BY MEANS OF PRECIPI
TATION," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Frederick
Jacobsen, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and'
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Frederick Jacobsen, do hereby'
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement:-
I use as precipitant the sludge, mud, or refuse obtained after the ley
water of paper mills has undergone the soda recovering process. This
product which at present is a waste and encumbrance I thoroughly dry,
and having reduced it into a fine powder, I mix it with water until I
obtain a thick creamy liquid (something like a syrup). This liquid I
then add in certain proportions generally from three to ten grains per
gallon to the polluted waters to be operated on, and having been
thoroughly mixed therewith by means of revolving stirrers or otherwise,
the mixture is allowed to settle in properly constructed settling ponds or
tanks, and thereafter a thick flocculent precipitant will soon commence
to form, which gradually subsides to the bottom of the pond or tank,
leaving a clear supernatant water divested of all or almost all previous
impurities.
Instead of diluting the dried material with water, the material may
also be added in the form of a powder to the foul waters proposed to be

page_text: The supernatant water may in the case where the discharges of
factories have to be treated, be used over again for rewashing rags, fibre,
or other manufacturing purposes, and the sludge may be used for pre-
cipitating fresh supplies of polluted discharges. Where sewage has to
be treated, I dry the sludge and dispose of it for manurial purposes.
In order to facilitate and accelerate the subsidence, the following in-
gredients may in certain cases be used, namely, common salt, sulphate
of zinc, chloride of iron, perchloride of iron. I find in practice also
that alum rock, alum schist, or alum sludge, slaked lime, and the water
drawn from electric batteries may be used advantageously to facilitate
and accelerate such subsidence. The ingredients severally before
mentioned may be added either singly or jointly, and either in a solid or
soluble state to the precipitant.
Having thus explained the nature of my Invention, and how I carry
it into practical effect, I desire to say that I do not claim any apparatus
or construction of tanks for effecting the object herein-before set forth,
but what I claim as novel and of my Invention is the using as a pre-
cipitant of the sludge arising from the ley water of paper mills, as
before mentioned, either alone or in combination with all or some one or
more of the ingredients herein-before specified for the purification of
polluted waters in the manner before described or any mere modifi-
cation thereof.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick Jacobsen, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of January, Eighteen
hundund and water foun