Improvements relating to the Setting of Type and the Production of Matrices for Stereotyping, and to Apparatus therefor.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 1st Aug., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 31st May, 1892-Accepted, 1st Nov., 1892
[Communicated from abroad by ERLE VINTON BEALS, of Muskegon, Michigan,
United States of America, Printer.]
Improvements relating to the Setting of Type and the Production
of Matrices for Stereotyping, and to Apparatus therefor.
I, EVLYN FRANCIS HOUSE, of 60 Edith Road, West Kensington in the County
of Middlesex, Financial Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to
be as follows:-
My invention relates to the setting of type and the production of matrices for
stereotyping.
My said invention comprises an improved method of and apparatus for forming
the said matrices by means of type-carrying rings which are set or adjusted by the
aid of electricity through the medium of pointed levers or needles controlled by a
perforated strip of paper or similar material.
My said invention also comprises an apparatus for perforating the strip of paper
or similar material which is to control the electrical communication with the type-
carrying rings. For this purpose, I provide a perforator with keys to perforate the
paper; an automatic feed for the paper; and means for moving the paper
longitudinally. And I provide a register for showing when the end of a line of
perforations has been reached or is about to be reached.
I also provide, in combination with the perforator, a supplemental perforator,
the object of which is to save paper, and means for feeding the paper in com-
bination with the supplemental needles.
My said invention, moreover, comprises means for straightening, lining and
compressing the type automatically; means for automatically making the impression
of the type on paper, ready to stereotype, and for automatically moving the paper
for the first impression.
My said invention also comprises specially constructed type; also spacing-type
which will automatically distribute themselves to fill a line of composition, both
being designed to spring back to their respective type-carrying rings after the.
impression is made. And my said invention comprises other improvements herein-
after mentioned.
My improved perforating apparatus comprises a frame in which is rotatively
mounted a main shaft having fixed thereon a, cylinder, on the circumference of
which and extending the entire length of the same are a series of notches forming
a ratchet-surface. Turning loosely around and entirely surrounding the said
ratchet-cylinder, are a series of rings having on their faces pawls which normally
engage in the recesses or notches of the ratchet-cylinder.
The said apparatus also comprises punch-levers pivotally secured at one end to
the frame, the opposite end being connected to operating-keys through the medium
of suitable bars or connecting-rods. These levers are provided with pins which
serve, when the levers are in their normal position or held up by springs, as a check
to the aforesaid rings, each of which has on its outer circumference a cam or
projection which engages with the corresponding pin; the rings are thus restrained
from rotation.
A cord or flexible wire is attached at one end to each of the said rings, the said
cord entirely surrounding the ring in a groove on its exterior surface, and at the
opposite end to a spring, which serves to give tension to the cord, so that it exerts
at all times a pull upon the ring.
A. punch-beam extends throughout the length of the perforator; in the
1

page_text: perforations of this beam are placed a number of punches corresponding to the
number of the punch-levers and keys.
A plate is pivoted longitudinally of the punch-beam on a roll; one side of this
plate extends beneath projections on the punches, the opposite side being acted
upon by a spring or springs to normally hold the punches in a raised position.
The under portion of the punch-beam is also provided with perforations for
receiving the lower end of the punches after they pass through the paper.
A screw-threaded shaft is mounted in the frame of the machine, one end of the
said shaft being geared with an adjusting-frame hereinafter mentioned, and
the opposite end being provided with a ratchet-wheel. A screw-threaded traveller
or nut is secured to the under section of the punch-beam, and in this nut the said
screw-threaded shaft revolves. Another shaft is mounted in the frame of the
machine parallel to the screw-shaft and is provided with a pawl normally held in
engagement with the said ratchet-wheel by a spring.
On each side of the frame are pivoted levers provided with cross-bars at their
lower ends, and with other cross-bars midway between their ends and opposite the
inclined ends of the punch-levers. Pivoted to the lower cross-bars are rods, one in
each side of the machine. The punch-bars or levers are pivoted alternately, one
on one side, the next on the other side of the frame. The inner ends of the said
rods are provided with triangular wedges, which serve to rotate the said parallel
shaft through the medium of suitable levers, to actuate the ratchet-wheel and
screw-shaft. The triangular wedges are provided with a straight face, and an
inclined face. Over the inclined face is secured a spring so that the lever may pass
out under it.
A semi-circular cap or hood is fitted over the upper half of the outer surface of
the aforesaid grooved rings, and is provided with as many notches or steps as there
are rings, each step to be exactly opposite a ring, so that, when the corresponding
key is depressed, and consequently the pin on the punch-lever is thrown from the
path of the cam or projection on the ring, the ring will revolve through the medium
of the aforesaid spring and cord, until the cam or projection of the ring operated
on, strikes its particular step, when it remains in that position until taken back to
its normal position.
On the end of the main shaft next the operator, is loosely mounted a hand-
lever rigidly connected to a rectangular frame, which, when turned, rides closely
around the aforesaid stepped covering.
On the opposite end of the said shaft and connected to the rectangular frame, is
a lever which, when revolved through the medium of the said hand-lever, revolves
with a gear-wheel loosely mounted on the main shaft, which gear-wheel is provided
with a pin against which the said lever abuts. The said gear-wheel is driven
through the medium of a shaft geared with the aforesaid screw-shaft.
Upper and lower rolls are provided which are driven through, the medium of
suitable gearing for the purpose of feeding the strip of paper to be punched, into
the machine.
A stationary punch-bar secured to the frame of the machine, is provided with
punches which are operated by a duplex three-faced cam, the faces on the cam being
alternate, so that, when one is active, the other is passive. Integral with the said
cam and revolving on a shaft mounted in the frame, is an alternately straight and
curved grooved worm-wheel, in the groove of which a pin in a rod secured to the
punch-beam enters to revolve the same.
In the operation of the perforator, the paper is first passed between the rolls, by
striking the key corresponding to the letter or character farthest from the operator,
thereby releasing the catch controlled by that letter and allowing the grooved ring
under the last letter to revolve, through the medium of the aforesaid spring and
cord. The cam or projection on the ring being long enough to project beyond the
outer surface of the stepped covering as it is thrown over, strikes against the last
projection of the said covering, and therefore makes a complete turn of the step-
covering, so that, at this point of the operation, the end of the paper to be punched

page_text: placed between the rolls on the side of the machine nearest the operator; when
the hand-lever is revolved, the rectangular frame, as it turns around the surface of
the stepped covering, will strike the said cam or projection, taking a complete turn
around the stepped covering, and allowing it to pass under the catch on the punch-
lever. In making this turn, the pawl bearing in the notch of the ratchet-surface of
the cylinder, will revolve the cylinder through the distance the grooved ring had
travelled. The feed-mechanism is so arranged as to keep the tension of the paper
always the same. The pinions of the said mechanism are so constructed and
arranged that a certain fractional turn of the cylinder will revolve the rolls, so that
the paper each time will roll the length of all the letters and characters used in
composition, or the length of the punch-bar, or, if the letter punched would revolve
a ring, the cam or projection of which would not make a complete revolution of the
cylindrical step-covering, the rectangular frame would revolve freely until it struck
the cam or projection, and revolve the cylinder, and consequently the paper, only
the fractional part of the line used.
It will be seen that, were it not for this construction, more paper would be used
than is necessary, its purpose being economy in the use of the paper.
paper,
the
In the operation above described, in striking the key farthest from the
punch-lever under the key depressed is lowered, thus causing one of the side levers,
through the medium of the aforesaid triangular wedge, to disengage the pawl from
the ratchet-wheel on the screw-shaft, when the said wheel and shaft will be caused
to revolve by means of a spring and will consequently revolve the gear-wheel for
operating the rectangular frame.
The pawl will engage in the next notch by reason of a spring holding it normally
in its engaged position, so that the punch-beam will move only a fractional distance,
equal in aggregation to the number of letters and characters in a line of com-
position, and consequently, when the rectangular frame or bar is revolved, the end
section will strike the pin and carry it back only the distance it has travelled,
thereby revolving the screw-shaft through the required angle or the requisite
number of times to carry the punch-beam back as far as it has gone forward.
To enable the operator to determine when the line perforated has reached its
limit, or when it is about to reach its limit, so that he can end the line with a word,
or, if the word is too long for the line, can properly hyphen the word, I provide a
register which I consider a valuable appendage to the machine, and which I will
now describė. This apparatus comprises a shaft in the end of the machine, opposite
the operator, and on which is loosely mounted a ratchet-wheel having attached
thereto a gear-wheel, which is geared with a rack-bar having a pointer which moves
along the side of a register. A spring is mounted on the said shaft and one end of
the said spring is secured thereto, the opposite end being secured to the said
ratchet-wheel, which serves to return the pointer to its original position when a line
has been completed. Suitable rods are secured at one end to the aforesaid side
levers, the opposite end being provided with pivoted spring pressed catches or
pawls, which engage in the notches of the said ratchet-wheel, so that, as the punch-
levers are operated, the lever acted upon, will cause the corresponding catch to
slide over the ratchet-wheel and engage with the next notch or notches, and, when
the side lever returns to its place through the action of its spring, the ratchet-wheel
and its pinion will be caused to revolve. In this operation, the aforesaid spring will
place tension upon the said ratchet-wheel and pinion, and consequently upon the
rack-bar which moves in unison therewith, so that, when the line is completed, or
when the punch-bar is caused to return to its normal position, a catch or projection
on the punch-beam will strike a lever and turn the same about its axis and thus
push a rod coupled to an operating lever which is mounted on the shaft of the
apparatus, the ends thereof, bearing on the rods attached to the side levers, raising
the said rods from engagement with the ratchet-wheel and allowing the spring to
revolve the ratchet-wheel, and consequently return the pointer to its original
position ready to begin a new line.
The said, catch on the punch-beam is pivoted at one end and formed with a

page_text: tail-piece which causes it, in its backward movement, to operate the lever, and, in its
forward movement, to swing under the lever. The catches, being operated to throw
them out of engagement with the ratchet-wheel, by means of the punch-bar, will be
operated when only a partial line is used, as well as when a complete line is
punched.
Having described the perforator and register, I will now proceed to describe the
liner and impression device.
This device or apparatus comprises a cylinder, around the outer surface of which
are arranged a series of rings, there being as many rings as there are possible
levers and characters in a line of printed matter of known width.
On the inner surface of, and entirely surrounding the said rings, are a number of
cogs or teeth, there being as many of these teeth as there are letters and characters
required in composition. The exterior surface of the said rings has formed therein
notches or recesses for the insertion of posts. These posts are at equal distances
from each other, and carry upon their end, caps extending from each side of the
said posts and forming channels for the insertion of the type, there being as many
channels and consequently as many type around the exterior of the rings as there
letters and characters in composition.
The type being of a peculiar and novel construction, I will now describe them in
detail.
The type proper is formed with a back having portions cut away to form springs
which bear against levers and normally hold them extended as far as a check-plate
will permit. Type of any thickness may, therefore, be allowed to have a free
movement between the discs, and, when squeezed together, occupy a space the
width of which is equal to the actual width of the type proper, it being understood
that some type are of greater thickness than others.
There is one spacing-type in each ring. In this type, the back is cut away at the
ends, forming springs which bear against levers at each end, the said levers being
pivoted in the type at either end, and having check-pins fastened to the lever, which
pins move in slots in the levers. I may employ the construction of type herein-
before described for the purpose of spacing by simply increasing the strength of
the springs and removing the character on the end.
In this construction, the upper end of the type is left blank, and the springs are
made stronger so as to cause the spacing-type to fill up the space left by the varying
thicknesses of the type.
The aforesaid discs are placed between the rings, the exterior surface of which
extends outside the ends of the type, and between these discs the type-carrying
rings revolve. Between the discs, and of slightly greater thickness than the rings
are placed distance pieces, to allow the rings to have a more free movement and to
prevent the interference of the types of one ring with the types of the adjacent
rings.
A lower section of the discs is cut away, the width of which is equal to the
length of the type, and in the apertures thus formed slide suitable gates.
To one end of the cylinder is secured a gear-wheel which is geared with an
intermittent pinion on a main shaft, which pinion is so timed that one revolution of
it will revolve a cylinder a complete revolution and allow the same to remain until
the next revolution of the intermittent pinion.
Another shaft is provided which is firmly secured in boxes on a bracket
secured at each end of the cylinder; this shaft carries as many pinions as there
are type-rings, the said pinions having teeth on their outer circumference geared
with teeth on the inner surfaces of the rings through slots or openings in the
cylinder.
A series of levers is so arranged that the said levers are in line with the axis of
the last named shaft, the upper ends of these levers are controlled by springs, by
which the levers are raised from engagement with the said pinions. A coiled spring
is provided, one end of which is secured to a pinion or disc on the said shaft, the
opposite end being attached to the said shaft.

page_text: I provide electro-magnets, the armatures of which are designed to depress the
said levers, when an electric circuit is closed, as hereinafter described.
In order to place the electro-magnets in the cylinder so that the armature of each
will be in direct line with the lever which it is to operate, I place the electro-
magnets in four rows, the first magnet of one row acting on the first lever, the first
magnet of the second row acting on the second lever, the first of the third row
acting on the third lever, the first of the fourth row acting on the fourth lever, and
the second magnet of the fourth row acting on the fifth lever, and so on.
I wish it understood that I do not limit myself to this arrangement, as I may
vary the same in any suitable manner, so that the magnets operate to raise separate
levers.
The apparatus is provided with a rod or strip of non-conducting material, such
as india-rubber, through which are passed wires connected with the magnets, a
separate wire being used for each magnet. Caps are placed upon the outer ends of
the wires outside of and against the said rod or strip and are formed with a
A wire or conductor connected with the magnets extends to the centre of
one end of the cylinder, and is in frictional contact with a return wire leading to
the battery.
groove.
Rods extending the entire length of the apparatus are arranged to compress the
sides of the type and hold the same in a straight line while the impression is being
made. At both ends of each of these rods and below the same, is a spring the
normal tension of which is sufficient to raise the said rod. On the upper side of
the rod is a lever bearing at one end against the cylinder, and at the opposite end
against the enlarged end of a push-rod. What I term a bed-rod slides in a slot in
the type-rings, and serves not only to align the said rings, but to form a common
base for the type.
The mechanism for operating the said bed-rod and pusher or push-rod, comprises
a double pinion, one end of which is geared with a rack-bar on the side of the bed-
rod and pusher, the said double pinion rotating with a shaft having at one end a
bevel gear-wheel, which is geared with a combined bevel and straight gear-wheel;
this wheel is geared with an intermittent gear-wheel on the main shaft. On the
opposite end of the shaft carrying the double pinion, is another pinion which is
geared with a like pinion turning on a spindle acted upon by a spring, one end of
which is attached to the spindle and the other end to the said pinion. To the said
pinion is attached a ratchet-wheel having a lever-pawl adapted to engage in its
notches or recesses, the lever of which pawl is in the path or travel of a cam or
projection on the main shaft.
A cam-shaft is supported in the frame and has at each end a double cam formed
of sections operating respectively a blade and a reversible plunger. One cam-
section is formed with a projection or cam face which serves to hold the said blade
in its raised position against the paper or plastic substance through the medium of
a plunger working in slots in the frame, during a partial turn of the shaft. The
other cam-section is formed with two projections or cam-faces which force the
reversible plunger against the paper or plastic substance through the medium of a
plunger-rod, and the shaft carrying the reversible plunger, which is supported in
boxes arranged in slots in the said plunger for moving the blade. A gear-wheel is
loosely mounted on the said shaft and is geared with a rack-bar secured to the said
plunger. To the said gear-wheel is pivoted a pawl which engages with a ratchet-
wheel integral with the reversible plunger, so that, as the shaft is raised, the paw!
allows the gear-wheel to revolve freely on its axis, but as soon as one of the cams
acts to bring the shaft up and consequently the reversible plunger, the pawl will
engage the ratchet-wheel and turn the same and the reversible plunger, so as to
cause the opposite face of the latter to bear against the paper. The reversible
plunger is formed with two sides, on one of which is placed an india-rubber or
other soft buffer. The said shaft is formed of a hollow bar, in each end of which
is inserted a gas-pipe, the gas from which escaping into the interior of the
reversible plunger through suitable perforations, is ignited to give heat to the

page_text: metallic end of the plunger which is designed to remain over it except for a short
space of time.
On the inner end of the cam-shaft is a sprocket-wheel over which runs a chain
to a sprocket-wheel on the main shaft. On the outer end of the said cam-shaft is
a gear-wheel, which is geared with a like gear-wheel carrying on the outer end of
its shaft a cam for operating a laterally moving bar hereinafter mentioned.
A suitable frame is provided for carrying the paper on which the impression is to
be made, and a screw-threaded side-rod works in a nut-pinion, which revolves
between the sides of a hanger and which is geared with wheel on a shaft, the
opposite end of which carries a bevel-wheel geared with an intermittent gear-
wheel on the main shaft through a combined straight and bevel gear-wheel.
I will now proceed to describe the manner of and mechanism for controlling the
electro-magnets through the medium of the perforated paper.
This mechanism comprises a roller loosely mounted on a shaft and arranged in
combination with smaller rollers one on each side, between which and the large
roller the perforated paper is moved. On one end of the said shaft is a toothed
wheel which is geared with an intermittent gear-wheel on the main shaft, the said
toothed wheel being designed to make one-half of a turn in each complete
revolution of the said intermittent gear-wheel.
At one side of the large roller are a number of pointed levers or needles which
rest normally upon the paper, and below which, between the paper and roller, is a
strip of conducting material, connected with a wire leading to the battery.
Connected with the needles are wires leading through a cross-piece above the
roller and communicating with wires set in a non-conducting circular plate which
bears against the caps over the aforesaid wires connected with the electro-magnets,
and completes the circuit from the said conducting strip and consequently from the
battery to the electro-magnets respectively.
A toothed wheel is loosely mounted on the shaft of the larger roller and is geared
with toothed wheels loosely mounted on other shafts. Notched discs are mounted
securely on these two shafts respectively, and in the notches of these discs engage
spring catches hereinafter mentioned. Pawls attached to the toothed wheels on
these shafts respectively, are adapted to engage in a single notch in the corre-
sponding disc. The toothed wheel on the roller-shaft is provided on its inner face
with a pin, which, in its normal position, rests against a cam or projection on the
larger roller. Toothed discs are loosely mounted on the said shafts respectively,
on the outer periphery of which discs are projections, which are normally held
against pins in the aforesaid notched discs through the medium of springs attached
at one end to the shafts, and at the other end to the discs.
A laterally moving bar bears against the aforesaid spring catch and has at the
opposite end a rectangular boxing in which revolves the cam for operating the
said bar.
There are electro-magnets the armatures of which are provided with catches,
which, when operated, rise in between the teeth of the said toothed discs. Other
pointed levers or needles bear against the large roller at the opposite side to that
occupied by the aforesaid needles, the wires of which are connected with the said
magnets.
In operation, the paper is fed over the large roller, the length of the paper
perforated, or the length of each line of the letters and characters, which extend
from the needles on one side to the needles on the other side, and as the main
shaft, turning the large roller through the medium of the pin on the central
toothed wheel, strikes against the cam or projection on the end of the said roller,
the perforated paper will move, allowing the first needle to rest for an instant in the
perforation in the paper, and come against the conducting material beneath it thus
completing the circuit.
At the same time the cylinder within the type-rings will revolve and the shaft
within it will be caused to rotate, so that, as the electric needles drop into the
perforations of the paper and thus complete the circuit, and energize the electro-

page_text: As
magnets, levers will be drawn into the spaces between certain teeth on the discs or
wheels on the said shaft, thus stopping the revolution of the said discs and holding
the same in position until a complete revolution of the said cylinder is made.
the cylinder revolves, the said discs rotating with the same and against the tension
of their springs, will cause the type-carrying rings, each of which contains all the
letters and characters used in composition, to turn with them taking up the ring at
a particular point of its revolution, corresponding to the letter or character desired,
and bringing it around to a position of alignment. The successive rings bearing
type to be used in line are carried around in like manner to their proper position
during the one revolution of the cylinder. When all the said rings are in their
normal position, the spaces in the rings not occupied by any character but left
biank, and form a groove lengthwise through the rings directly above the impression
plunger, so as to permit the sliding of the type of one ring through other rings to
a final position for impression. The said springs being under tension, as soon as
the levers are released from the discs and the discs are thus freed, the said springs
carry the type-rings back to their normal position, the latter being stopped by
projecting posts abutting against a rod of the frame, and being held there by the
said springs which remain under slight tension.
The length of the perforation of the paper is determined by the number of letters
or characters employed in composition, commencing at one end and ending with the
last letter or character at the opposite end, and as the rings have type around their
circumference in the same order as the perforations at any point in the length of
the composition, the perforation is made at that point.
At the beginning of every line of composition, the paper is punched on one side
outside of the line of perforations representing letters or characters used in
composition. As a line of perforation, in which the final characters of composition
are not used, is passing round the large roller, the beginning or base of such
perforation beside which the side perforation is made as above described, will pass
by the position occupied by one set of the needles, and the circuit will be completed
in which are included the electro-magnets for causing the aforesaid projection to
pass between the teeth of the toothed discs and thus stop the said discs, it being
understood that the discs are revolved a distance corresponding to the distance that
the paper has travelled, or the distance that the paper would travel were all the
letters and characters in composition employed; therefore, as the perforated paper
revolves the remaining distance to complete the line, or to the base, the needles
will drop through the perforations and revolve the type-carrying rings as above-
mentioned.
As the remaining part of the paper is being passed through or until the inter-
mittent gear-wheel revolves to the smooth surface, the aforesaid notched dises
revolve, the toothed discs remaining stationary, and consequently the pin on the
notched disc will leave the projection on the toothed disc, the corresponding spring
being put in tension. When the smooth section of the intermittent gear-wheel
comes against the pinion, the said spring will revolve the notched disc in the
reverse direction and, through the medium of a pawl, will revolve the corresponding
loosely mounted toothed wheel, thus turning the central toothed wheel backward
from its first position, away from the cam or projection on the roller so that, when
the toothed portion of the intermittent gear-wheel again gears with the said pinion,
the central toothed wheel will revolve, without the paper-turning roller, freely
through the distance the pin had travelled and consequently the distance of the
line-blank.
The aforesaid laterally moving bar will be thrown back and forward in each
revolution of its operating cam, and, as the toothed discs act alternately on each
side of the central toothed wheel and as the electro-magnets act alternately, the
said bar is timed to hold the spring catches out of engagement.
After the base of the perforated paper has passed under the needles, the
aforesaid sliding gates will be operated thereby leaving a clear passage for the liner
and push-bar.

page_text: At this point of the operation, the base-rod or bed-rod will be moved into the
channels lining the ring and forming a common base for the type.
The push-rod will also move forward, pushing the type until they assume the
proper position to impress the paper.
As the head of the push-rod moves forward, the liner will be raised through
the medium of springs, the straightener will also be brought up against the type,
thus it will be seen that the type is first straightened from side movement, then
given a common base and then pushed into a compact form to make the impression.
At this point in the operation, the knife or blade will be moved up against the
pulp or wetted paper, which is between it and the type. As the knife is raised, it
will also raise the reversible plunger a short distance; a further turn of the cam-
shaft will further raise the reversible plunger and cause the same to press against
the paper, making a quick impression, when the said plunger will fall on account of
the cam moving from beneath it. The reversible plunger will then be revolved and
its highly heated end caused to make the final impression, also, through the medium
of its heated end, drying the paper.
On the heated end of the reversible plunger is a knife which makes an impression
in the paper on the opposite side of the type. from that made by the aforesaid knife,
so that, as the paper moves forward, the initial impression, in which the first named
knife will come, will be made.
The paper will then be moved or fed one line, when the smooth part of the
intermittent gear-wheel will present itself, stopping the paper and letting it remain
in that position until the main shaft has made a complete revolution, thus placing
new type in position to impress the paper.
After the impression or matrices are formed in the pulp, the stereotyped plates
are formed, preferably of column length, and the matter or composition is ready
for the process of printing.
Doted this lot dose of Anot 1001
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements relating to the Setting of Type and the Production
of Matrices for Stereotyping, and to Apparatus therefor.
I, EVLYN FRANCIS HOUSE, of 60, Edith Road, West Kensington, Middlesex,
Financial Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to the setting of type and to the production of matrices
therefrom for use in stereotyping.
My said invention comprises an improved method of and apparatus for the
production of matrices by means of type-carrying rings or wheels which are
set or adjusted by the aid of electricity, the composition of the type or the setting
or adjustment of the type-carrying rings, being controlled by means of suitably
perforated strips or sheets of paper or similar material.
of
My said invention also comprises an improved apparatus for perforating the strip
paper or similar material which is to control the electrical communication with
the type-carrying rings for the purpose of bringing the desired characters thereon
into proper alignment.
The perforator is constructed with keys to operate punches for perforating the
paper; also with an automatic feed for moving the paper longitudinally. And I
provide a register for showing when the end of a line of perforations has been
reached or is about to be reached. I also provide, in combination with the per-
forator an automatic supplemental perforating attachment, the object of which is

page_text: to save paper, and the perforations of which are to become means for controlling the
feeding of the paper in the main machine in combination with supplemental needles
as hereinafter described.
My said invention, moreover, comprises means for straightening, lining and
compressing or squeezing together the type automatically; means for automatically
making the impression of the type on paper ready to stereotype, and for
automatically moving the paper for the first impression.
My said invention also comprises specially constructed type; also spacing-type
which will automatically distribute themselves to fill a line of composition, both
being designed to spring back to their respective type-carrying rings after the im-
pression is made. And my said invention comprises other improvements hereinafter
mentioned.
In the accompanying drawings
Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinal section of a portion of the perforator, the
rings and stepped covering hereinafter referred to, being shown in side elevation.
Figure 2 is a vertical transverse section through the said perforator.
Figure 3 is a horizontal section on the line a, a, Figure 2, drawn to a reduced
scale, illustrating the mechanism for returning the punch-beam, and that for
operating the paper-rolls at either end of the machine.
Figure 4 is an end view of the perforator.
Figure 5 is a sectional view showing the cylinder and hand-lever.
Figure 6 is a view showing details of the mechanism for moving the punch-beam.
Figure 7 is a plan of the liner and the impression device, showing the manner of
connecting the two when in operative position.
Figure 7 is a plan, partly in horizontal section, drawn to an enlarged scale,
illustrating the means for feeding through the machine the paper or plastic material
on which the impression is made.
Figure 8 is a vertical longitudinal section of the impression device on the
line
y, y, Figure 7, showing the type-carrying rings, and mechanism for operating
the same.
Figure 8 is a sectional elevation illustrating details of construction.
Figure 9 is a sectional view showing a portion of the type-carrying rings, and the
mechanism for operating the plunger to make the impression.
Figure 9 represents a portion of Figure 9, the parts being shown in the position
which they occupy when the type have been squeezed together as hereinafter
described.
Figure 10 is a sectional view showing details of the type-carrying cylinder, and
showing also the vertical levers and the arrangement of the electro-magnets to
operate the levers.
#
Figure 11 is a sectional view showing the cylinder, the cap-carrying rod, and a
non-conducting circular plate, and illustrating the manner in which they are
connected when in operative position.
Figure 12 is a vertical section of the frame, illustrating the loose rod, the
pusher and straightener, and the mechanism for operating the same as hereinafter
described.
Figure 13 is a plan or top view of a section of the impression device, showing
more particularly the mechanism employed to return the bed-rod or base-rod and
the push-rod to place, and
Figure 14 is a detail view of the same.
Figure 15 is a sectional elevation on the line x', x¹, Figure 7, illustrating the
rolls employed for moving the perforated paper and the needles which operate the
type-carrying rings.
Figure 16 is a detail view of the non-conducting circular-plate and rods therein
for connection with the liner.
Figure 17 is a sectional elevation on the line 2, 2, Figure 7, drawn to an
enlarged scale, illustrating the paper saving device.

page_text: same.
figure to is an enlarged detail view of the register and means for operating the
Figure 19 is a sectional detail view of the same on the line y', y', Figure 18.
Figures 20, 21 and 22 are back, side and front views respectively of the type,
showing the levers. and springs actuating the same, with check-plates thereon, and,
Figures 23 and 24 are rear and sectional views respectively, of the spacing-type.
Like letters indicate corresponding parts throughout the drawings.
My improved perforating apparatus comprises a frame 1 in which is mounted a
shaft 2 having fixed thereon a cylinder 3, on the circumference of which and
extending the entire length of the same. is. a series of teeth, or notches 4 forming a
ratchet-surface. Turning loosely around and entirely surrounding the said ratchet-
cylinder 3, are a series of rings 5 having on their faces pawls 6 which normally
engage in the teeth or notches of the ratchet-cylinder 3.
7,7 are punch-levers pivotted at one end to the frame 1, and connected at the
opposite end to operating-keys 8 through the medium of suitable bars or connecting-
rods 9. These levers 7 are provided with pins 10 which serve, when the levers are
in their normal position or held up by springs 11, as a check to the aforesaid
rings 5, each of which has on its outer circumference a cam or projection 10
which engages with the corresponding pin 10, the rings 5 are thus restrained from
rotation.
A cord or flexible wire 12 is. attached at one end to each of the said rings as
at 14, the said cord entirely surrounding the ring in a groove in its exterior surface,
and at the opposite end to a spring. 13, which serves to give tension to the cord so
that it exerts at all times a pull upon, the ring..
15 is a punch-beam, which extends throughout the length of the perforator; in
the perforations of this beam are placed a number of punches 17 corresponding in
number to the punch-levers 7 and keys 8, it being understood that there are punches
for all the letters and characters in composition, the letter A, for instance,
corresponding with, the key nearest the operator, and, so on through the length
of the machine, the letter Z, or a more remote character being the farthest from
the operator.
I wish it understood that I may without departing from the nature of my
invention, place the letters and characters in any other convenient order. prefer,
however, to place those most used and that come together more frequently in
composition, at the end of the machine nearest the operator,, and those not so
often used at the end furthest from the operator, this arrangement being more
convenient for the operator, and also preventing waste of paper in, punching, as will
be hereinafter described.
18 is a spring-pressed plate pivoted longitudinally of the punch-beam on a roll 181;
one side of this plate extends beneath. projections on the punches, the opposite side
being acted upon by a spring or springs to normally, hold the punches in a raised
position.
19 indicates the under portion of the punch-beam. which is also provided with
perforations 16 for receiving the lower end of the punches after they pass through
the
paper.
20 is a screw-threaded shaft mounted, in, bearings in the frame of the machine,
one end of the said shaft being provided with, gear-wheels, 21 and 22, and the
opposite end being provided with a ratchet-wheel 23. 24 is. a screw-threaded
traveller or nut secured to the lower section 19 of the punch-beam; in this nut the
said screw-threaded shaft.20 rotates..
25 is a rock-shaft mounted, in the frame 1 parallel to the screw-threaded
shaft 20, and provided with a pawl 26 normally held in engagement with the
ratchet-wheel 23 by a spring, 27, Figure. 1. Levers. 28 are pivoted at 29
on each side of the frame at its upper end, and are provided with cross-
bars 30 at their, lower ends, and with other cross-bars. 31 midway between
their ends, and opposite the inclined ends. 32 of the punch-lavers. 7. Pivoted
to the lower cross-bars 30 are rods 33, one at each side of the machine, the

page_text: punch-levers 7 being, moreover, pivoted alternately one on one side, the next on
the other side of the frame. The inner ends of the rods 33 are provided with
triangular wedges 34, which serve to actuate suitable levers 35 on the shaft 25,
and thus disengage the pawl 26 from the ratchet-wheel 23 and permit the partial
rotation of the same and of the screw-shaft 20 under the action of a spring actuated
pinion 22 geared with the pinion 22, as hereinafter described. The said triangular
wedges are provided with a straight face 36, and an inclined face 37. Over the
inclined face is secured a spring 38 so that the lever may pass out under it as
hereinafter described.
39 is a semi-circular cap or hood fitted over the upper half of the outer surface
of the grooved rings 5, and provided with as many notches or steps 40, as there are
rings, each step to be exactly opposite a ring, so that, when the corresponding key
is depressed, and consequently the pin 10 on the punch-lever is thrown from the
path of the cam or projection 101 on the ring, the ring will revolve through the
medium of the corresponding spring 13 and cord 12 until the cam or projection 10'
of the ring operated on strikes its particular step, when it remains in that position
until taken back to its normal position as hereinafter 'described.
On the shaft 2, at the end nearest the operator, is loosely mounted a hand-
lever 41 (Figure 5), which is rigidly connected to a rectangular frame 42; this
frame when turned, rides closely around the aforesaid stepped hood or covering 39
for the purpose hereinafter described. On the opposite end of the said shaft 2 and
connected to the rectangular frame, is a lever 44, which, when turned through the
medium of the said hand-lever 41, revolves with a gear-wheel 45 loosely mounted
on the main shaft 2, this gear-wheel being provided with a pin 46 against which the
said lever 44 abuts. 47 is a shaft supported in bearings attached to the frame 1
at one end of the machine, one end of which shaft is provided with a bevel gear-
wheel 48, which engages with the bevel pinion 21, the opposite end of the said
shaft being provided with a gear-wheel 49, which, through the medium of idler 50,
rotates the gear-wheel 45, as hereinafter described.
51 and 52 are rods journalled in each end of the frame, and upon which the two
parts or sections of the punch-beam, 15 and 19 respectively, are securely fixed.
53 and 54 are upper and lower rolls, which are driven through the medium
of suitable gearing for the purpose of feeding into the machine the strip of paper 55
to be punched.
On the shaft 2 at the end opposite to that occupied by the crank 41, is rigidly
secured a gear-wheel 56 which is geared with a combined straight and bevel gear-
wheel 57; this wheel in turn is geared with the gear-wheel 58 on the shaft 59
carrying the roll 53.
On the shaft 59 is a gear-wheel which engages with a like gear-wheel 60 on the
shaft carrying the roll 54, it being understood that the rolls 53 and 54 are of the
same diameter.
61 is a bevel gear-wheel on the shaft 59, which meshes with a like bevel gear-
wheel 62 on the shaft 63 journalled in bearings attached to the frame. On the
opposite end of the shaft is a like gear-wheel engaging with a gear-wheel 61 on the
opposite roll.
64 is a stationary punch-bar secured to the frame of the machine, and provided
with punches 64 and 65 which are operated by a duplex three-faced cam 66, the
faces on the said cam being alternate, so that, when one is active the other is passive.
Integral with the said cam 66 and revolving on a shaft 67 jonnalled in the frame, is
a worm-wheel 68 with alternately straight and curved grooves in which works a
pin 69 in a rod 70 secured to the punch-beam 15, to rotate the said cam at the
proper times.
In the operation of the perforator, the paper is first passed between the rolls, by
striking the key corresponding to the letter or character farthest from the operator,
thereby releasing the catch 10' controlled by that letter, and allowing the grooved
ring under the last letter to revolve, through the medium of the corresponding
spring 18 and cord 12 as herein before described. The cam or projection 10¹ being

page_text: long enough to project beyond the outer surface of the stepped covering 39, as it is
thrown over, strikes against the last step 40 of the said covering, thereby making a
complete turn, causing the pawl 6 to enter the notch 4 of the ratchet-face of the
cylinder opposite the last step of the stepped covering 39. At this point of the
operation, the end of the paper to be punched is placed between the rolls on
the side of the machine nearest the operator, and the hand-lever 41 is revolved;
the rectangular frame 42, as it turns around the surface of the stepped covering 39,
will strike the said cam or projection 10', taking it a complete turn around the
stepped covering 39, and allowing it to pass over the pin 10 on the punch-lever 7. In
making this turn, the pawl 6, being in the notch of the ratchet-surface of the
cylinder 3, will cause the cylinder to rotate through the distance the grooved ring 5
had previously travelled in the reverse direction.
As the shaft 2 is turned, the gear-wheel 56 is caused to turn, and consequently
the pinion 58 through the medium of the pinion 57, thereby revolving the rolls at
one end of the machine through the medium of the pinion 60, and the rolls at the
other end through the medium of the pinions 61 and 62, and shaft 63, the pinions ol
and 62 keeping the tension of the paper always the same.
The pinions just described are so constructed and arranged that a certain fraction
of a turn of the cylinder 3 will cause the rolls to rotate so that the paper each
time will roll the length of all the letters and characters used in composition, or
the length of the punch-beam; or, if the letter punched would revolve a ring,
the cam or projection of which would not make a complete revolution of the
cylindrical stepped covering, the rectangular frame 42 would revolve freely, until
it struck the cam or projection, and would turn the cylinder, and consequently
the paper, only the fractional part of the line used.
To explain this arrangement at greater length, the cylinder 3 never makes a
complete revolution by one motion of the hand-lever 4!; always a fractional
revolution, the hand-lever alone makes the complete revolution each time. The
hand-lever controls the cylinder 3 as above described. The cylinder's circum-
ference is finely graduated with ratchet-teeth. The cylinder is in direct connection
by pinions at one end of the perforator, with the rolls at either end of the
perforator (Figs. 3 and 4), which rolts control the reeling of the paper after
each line of words has been transferred by representative holes to the paper.
With this fact in view, it will be readily seen that the slightest turn of the
cylinder 3 will revolve the rolls at either end of the perforator and thus reel or
feed the paper through the perforator. For instance, assuming the cylinder 3
(Fig. 2) to be turned from right to left, and, as a result, the paper is moved
directly toward the left hand end (looking at Fig. 3) in extent dependent upon
the distance the circumference of the cylinder 3 has revolved.
Now each groove
or ratchet-tooth in the circumference of the cylinder 3 is capable, through its
connecting pinions at one end of the perforator, of reeling through the perforator
a. small amount of paper equal to a little more than the diameter of one of the
punched holes. Again, assuming the paper in the perforator were punched with
holes, representing by their distances from the left hand end (Fig. 3),. every
letter used in composition, and consequently extending the full length of the
punch-beam, the problem would then be to feed out of the perforator
the full length of paper which was in it, and this through the medium of the
cylinder 3.
In this case the cylinder 3 would be given its greatest turn by the hand-lever 41,
which turn would be but about twelve-thirteenths (13) of a complete turn,
by means of the pawl 6 and stepped-covering 39 (Fig. 2) as above described.
Again it will be seen from what has been stated here, that there must be more
grooves or ratchet-teeth in the surface of the cylinder 3 than there are characters
of composition, one-thirteenth (13) more. This is the reason why the cylinder 3
never makes a complete revolution.
But, suppose only half of the full stretch of paper in the perforator were
punched with the first half of all the characters of composition. Then it would

page_text: be necessary to reel out only half as much paper as in the former instance.
The cylinder 3 would then be turned by the hand-lever 41, during the complete
revolution of the latter, only half as far around as in the former instance.
The pawls 6 and stepped-covering 39 compensate automatically as above
described for this varying use of the number of characters, from the smallest
number to the whole number, so that not a particle of unperforated paper shall
be wasted.
It will be seen that, were it not for this construction, more paper would be
used than is necessary, its purpose being economy in the use of the paper.
In the operation above described, in striking the key farthest from the paper,
the punch-lever 7 under the key depressed is lowered, thus depressing the
punch 17 and at the same time causing one of the rods 33 to have an outward
movement through the medium of the cross-bar 31 and the inclined end of the
punch-lever. The rod 33 in its outward movement will cause the triangular
wedge-shaped portion 34 to move under the lever 35, the lever sliding in the
as the rod
groove 36, and passing out of the inner end under the spring 38
moves further forward, allows the spring to return into its place. When on its
inward movement, or when the punch-lever 7 rises, the lever is caused to ride
up the inclined face 37 of the triangular portion 34, rocking the shaft 25 and
consequently disengaging the pawl-26 from the ratchet-wheel 23, on the shaft 20,
when the said wheel and consequently the said shaft will be caused to rotate
through the medium of the pinion 22 by the spring-pressed pinion 221, thus
revolving the shaft 47, through the medium of the pinions 21 and 48, and
consequently revolving the gear-wheel 49, for operating the pinion 45 through
the medium of the idler 50.
It will be seen that the pawl 26 which is only held in a disengaged position
from the catch in the ratchet-wheel while the key is ascending, will engage in
the next notch by reason of the spring 27 holding it normally in its engaged
position, so that the punch-beam 15 will move forward a short distance for each letter
or character, the total number of movements for each line being equal to the number
of letters or characters used in that line of composition, and consequently the
pinion 45 and pin 46 will only revolve a fractional part of a revolution during the
entire revolution of the pinion 21, so that, when the rectangular frame or bar 42
is revolved, the end section or lever 44 will strike the pin 46 and carry it back only
the distance it has travelled. thereby revolving the screw-shaft 20 through the
required angle or the requisite number of times to carry the punch-beam back as
far as it had gone forward.
In other words, the punch-beam 15 is controlled sideways by the screw-threaded
shaft 20, which, controlled by the pawl 26, makes-but a third of a revolution at a
time. While the perforating is taking place, the shaft 20 revolves so as to throw,
after each perforation, the punch-beam 15 one "degree" to the right, the beam
having started from the left hand side (Fig. 2). The aggregate of these repeated
movements at the end of each line amounts to the total number of characters of
composition which were used in that line. This varies greatly, especially in "break-
lines."
The motive power of the shaft 20 is a spring pinion 22. This power is capable
of turning the shaft 20 in but one direction. The shaft 20 must be turned in the
opposite direction after each line of perforations in order to get the punch-beam 15
back to the starting point.
Assuming that the end of a line of perforations has been reached and the punch-
beam 15 is somewhere on the right hand side of the perforator (Fig. 2,) the
shaft 20 may have made 20 or say 45 revolutions. No record of the number is
shown or kept. The problem now is to turn the shaft back exactly as many times
as, in the course of the perforations, it was carried ahead. This result is accom-
plished by the same hand-lever 41, which, as has already been shown, feeds the
The
paper through the perforator after each line of perforations has been made.
hand-lever. 41 performs both of these functions at the same moment, by the same

page_text: movement of the hand, and as follows:-Referring to Fig. 3, as the shaft 20 revolves
during the perforations, the gear-wheel 49 is revolved by the shaft 47 and bevel
gear-wheels 48 and 21. The gear-wheel 45 with the pin 46 at the left side (Fig. 1)
is, in turn, revolved the fraction of a whole turn only, by the gear-wheel 49 through
the idler 50. At the end of the perforations the gear-wheel 45 with the pin 46 has
revolved away from the lever 44, say, any distance less than a complete turn, where
it stands idle. The lever 44, by the bushing which surrounds the shaft 2 (Fig. 1),
is connected rigidly with the rectangular frame 42, which is operated by the hand-
lever 41. The operator at this point turns the frame 42 clear around by the lever 41 in
the opposite direction from that in which the gear-wheel 45 has already been turned
by the shaft 20. In the revolution of 42 and 44, the pin 46 is encountered and the
gear-wheel 45 is carried back by this revolution, and by the pin 46, to the original
point from which it started. Thus the distance that 45 is turned back always equals
the distance it may have previously been turned ahead; or the distance from the
varying point at which it comes to rest after a line of perforations has been made
to the point where it originally stood. Now this backing movement is communicated
clear back to the shaft 20 and beam 15 through the same train of gearing which
served when 45 was thrown ahead. As it comes back, however, not only the
punch-beam 15 is returned to its original starting point, but the spring in pinion 22¹
is rewound just as much as it was unwound in driving the shaft 20 forward, so that
the spring power of 22' is made constant.
The action of the operator on the lever 41, therefore, reels or feeds through the
perforator, or reels out of the perforator all the paper that was perforated during
the operation of the keyboard; returns the punch-beam 15 back to its starting
point at the left hand side of the machine; and rewinds the spring gear which is the
motive power of the shaft 20. These actions prepare the entire perforator for
the commencement of a new line.
It will be seen that, by having two sets of rods 33, and oppositely arranged
triangular wedges 34, each side operates the pawl 26, the operation upon both
sides being identical.
To enable the operator to determine when the line perforated has reached its
limit, or when it is about to reach its limit, so that he can end the line with a word,
or, if the word is too long for the line, can properly hyphen the word, I provide a
register which I consider a valuable appendage to the machine, and which I will
now describe with reference to Figures 18 and 19 of the accompanying drawings.
This apparatus comprises a shaft A in the end of the machine opposite the operator,
on which shaft is loosely mounted a ratchet-wheel B having attached thereto a
gear-wheel C; this wheel is geared with a rack-bar D having a pointer E which
moves along the side of the register F. G is a coiled or spiral spring mounted on
the said shaft A; one end of the said spring is secured to the said shaft the
opposite end being secured to the said ratchet-wheel B; this spring serves to return
the pointer to its original position when a line has been completed. H, H are rods
secured at one end to the horizontal cross-bar 31 on the side levers 28, the opposite
end being provided with pivoted spring-pressed catches or pawls K which engage
in the notches of the said ratchet-wheel B, so that, as the punch-levers 7 are
operated and consequently the cross-bar 31, the rod H acted upon will cause the
corresponding catch K to slide over the ratchet-wheel and engage with the next
notch or notches, and when the side lever 28 returns to its place through the action
of the corresponding spring 11, the rod H acted upon will move forward, causing
the ratchet-wheel B and its pinion C to revolve. In this operation the aforesaid
spring G will put tension upon the said ratchet-wheel B and pinion C and, con-
sequently, upon the rack-bar which moves in unison therewith, so that, when the
line is completed, or when the punch-beam 15 is caused to return to its normal
position, as hereinbefore described, the catch or projection L, will strike the
lever M and turn the same about its axis N, thus pushing a rod O coupled to an
operating lever P which is mounted on the shaft A, the ends thereof bearing on
the rods attached to the side rods H, raising the said rods from engagement with

page_text: the ratchet-wheel and allowing the spring to revolve the ratchet-wheel and con-
sequently return the pointer to its original position ready to begin a new line.
The said catch or projection L is pivoted at one end and formed with a tail-
piece L' so as to cause the projection, in its backward movement, to operate the
lever M, and in its forward movement to swing under the said lever. It will be
seen that by reason of the operation of the catches to throw them out of engagement
with the ratchet-wheel B by means of the punch-beam 15, the said wheel will be
operated when only a partial line is used, as well as when a complete line is
punched.
Having described the perforator, I will now proceed to describe the liner and
impression device illustrated in Figures 7 to 17. 71 is a cylinder journalled in a
boxing 72 at each end of the same, the said boxings 72 being formed in end
frames 73 of the said device.
Around the outer surface or circumference of the cylinder, 71 are arranged a
series of rings 74, there being as many rings as there are possible letters and
characters in a line of printed matter of known width.
On the inner surface of, and entirely around the said rings 74 are a number of
cogs or teeth 75, there being as many of these teeth as there are letters and
characters required in composition. The exterior surface of each of the said rings
has formed therein notches or recesses 76 for the insertion of posts 77. These
posts are at equal distances from each other, and carry upon their outer ends caps 78
extending each side of the said posts 77, forming channels 79 for the insertion of
the type 80, there being as many channels 79 and consequently as many type 80
around the exterior of the rings 74 as there are letters and characters in
composition.
The type being of a peculiar and novel construction, I will now describe them in
detail referring to Figures 20, 21 and 22.
a is the type proper, which is formed with a back having portions partially
cut away to form springs which bear against levers and normally hold them
extended (as shown in Figure 21) as far as a check-plate d' will permit. Thus it
will be seen that the type of any thickness may be allowed to have a free move-
ment between the discs 81, and, when squeezed together by the push-rod 103 as
hereinafter described, will occupy a space the width of which is equal to the actual
width of the type proper, it being understood that some type are of greater thick-
ness than others.
In Figures 23 and 24 I have illustrated the spacing-type, it being understood
that there is one such type in each ring. In this type the back is partially cut
away at the ends, forming springs c which bear against levers dat each end, the
said levers d being pivoted in the type at either end and having check-pins e fixed
in one of the said levers d and working in slots in the other lever d. It is evident
that may employ type of the construction herein before described with reference
to Figures 20, 21 and 22, for the purpose of spaces, by simply increasing the
strength of their springs and removing the character on the end.
In this construction, the upper end of the type is left blank, and the springs are
made stronger so as to cause the spacing-type to fill up the spaces left between the
words, notwithstanding the varying thicknesses of the type.
59.766
66
To illustrate the use of this tyre, should the line have in its composition a large
proportion of such letters as "','" m ""w," etc., the lines would be full, and, when
squeezed together by the push-rod 103, as shown in Figure 94, would cause the
type and spacers to abut against each other; whereas, were such letters
as "i," "j," "," "t" &c. to occur frequently, they being of less thickness, would
not otherwise take up the space given to them when squeezed together, in which
case the springs on the spacing-type, being strong and all alike, would, when the
assembled type are acted upon by the push-rod, squeeze the words together and
occupy the spaces left equally, thereby equalizing the spaces in the line.
81, 81, Figure 8, are thin discs placed between the rings to prevent the inter-
ference of the types of one ring with the types of the adjacent rings,.the exterior

page_text: -
surface of the said dises extending outside the ends of the type; and between these
discs the type-carrying rings revolve. Between the said discs, and of slightly
greater thickness than the rings, are placed distance-picces 81 so as to allow the
rings to move more freely.
A lower section of the discs 81 is cut away, the width of which is equal to the
length of the type, and, in the apertures thus formed, slide suitable gates 82 for
the purpose of permitting the squeezing of the type together by the push-rod 103
as hereinafter described.
To one end of the cylinder 71 is secured a gear-wheel 82', Figure 7, which is
geared with an intermittent gear-wheel 83 on a main shaft 84. This intermittent
gear-wheel 83 is so timed that one revolution of it will revolve the cylinder 1 a
complete revolution and allow the same to remain passive until the next revolution
of the intermittent gear-wheel, for the purpose hereinafter described.
85, Figure 8, is a shaft which is supported in boxes, not shown, on a bracket
secured at each end of the cylinder 71; this shaft carries a number of pinions 87,
there being as many pinions 87 as there are type-rings 74, the said pinions 87 having
teeth on their outer circumferences geared with the teeth 75 on the inner surfaces
of the rings 74 through slots or openings 88 in the cylinder 71.
89 indicates a series of bars arranged in line at right angles to the axis of the
shaft 85, these bars are controlled by springs 90 by which they are raised from
engagement with the said pinions 87 as hereinafter described.
91 is a spring, one end of which is secured to the pinion or disc 87, the other end
being attached to the said shaft 85.
92, 92 are electro-magnets, the armatures 93 of which are pivoted at 931 and
connected by suitable joints with the bars 89 respectively, and each of which is
designed to depress the corresponding bar 89, when the electric circuit in which it
is included is closed, as hereinafter described.
In order to place the electro-magnets in the cylinder so that the armature 93 of
each will be in direct line with the bar 89 which it is to operate,
place the
electro-magnets in four rows, the first magnet of one row acting on the first bar 89,
the first magnet of the second row acting on the second bar, the first of the third
row acting on the third bar, the first of the fourth row acting on the fourth bar,
and the second magnet of the first row acting on the fifth bar and so on, as will be
understood on referring to Figure 10.
I wish it understood that I do not limit myself to this arrangement, as I may
vary the same in any suitable manner so that the magnets operate to raise separate
bars.
94, Figures 10 and 11, is a rod or strip of non-conducting material, such as
india-rubber, through which are passed wires or conductors 95 connected with the
magnets 92, it being understood that there is a separate wire for each magnet.
96, 96 are caps of conducting material placed upon the outer ends of the wires 95
outside of and against the said rod or strip 94, and formed with a groove 97 to
receive a conducting wire 163 carried by a non-conducting plate 164 as hereinafter
described. 98, Figure 10, is a wire or conductor connected with the magnets and
extending to the centre of the opposite end of the cylinder, and which is in
frictional contact with a return wire 99 leading to the battery.
100, 100 are rods extending the entire length of the apparatus and arranged to
press against the sides of the type and hold the same in a straight line while the
impression is being made. At both ends of each of these rods 100 and below the
same, is a spring 101, Figures 9 and 12, the normal tension of which is sufficient
to raise the said rod. On the upper side of the rods 100 are bars 102 one of
which bears against the cylinder 71, and the other against the enlarged end of a
push-rod 103 for squeezing the type together. 104 indicates a bed-rod which
slides in slots 105 in the type-rings 74, and serves not only to align the said rings,
but to form a common base for the type as shown in Figure 9.
I will now describe the mechanisin for operating the said bed-rod 104 and
pusher 103.
105¹ is a double pinion, one part of which is geared with a rack-bar

page_text: on the side of the bed-rod 104, the other part being geared with a rack-bar on the
push-rod 103, the said double pinion rotates with a shaft 106 having at one end a
bevel gear-wheel 107 which is geared with another bevel wheel 108, on the same
axis with and adjoining which is an ordinary straight gear-wheel 108', this wheel
is geared with an intermittent gear-wheel 109, Figure 13, on the main shaft 84.
On the opposite end of the shaft 106 is another pinion 110, which is geared with a
like pinion 111 turning on a spindle 112 carrying a spring one end of which is
attached to the spindle and the other end to the said pinion 111. To the said
pinion 111 is attached a ratchet-wheel 113 having a lever-pawl 114 adapted_to
engage in its notches or teeth, the lever of which pawl is in the path of travel of a
cam or projection 115 on the main shaft 84.
116, Figures 8 and 9, is a cam-shaft journalled in the frame and having at each
end a double cam formed of sections 117 and 118, operating respectively the
blade 119 and the reversible plunger 12. The cam-section 117 is formed with a
projection or cam-face 121 which serves to hold the said blade 119 in its raised
position against the paper or plastic substance 146 (on which the impression is to
be made), through the medium of the plungers 122 working in slots in the frame,
during a partial turn of the shaft. The other cam-section 118 is formed with two
projections or cam-faces 123 and 124 which force the reversible plunger up against
the paper or plastic substance through the medium of the plunger-rods 125 and
the shaft 126 carrying the reversible plunger 120, which is supported in boxes 127
arranged in slots 127 in the said plungers 122.
128 is a gear-wheel which is loosely mounted on the shaft 126 and is geared with
a rack-bar 129 secured to one of the said plungers 122. To the said gear-wheel 128
is pivoted a pawl 130 which engages with a ratchet-wheel 131 integral with the
reversible plunger 120, so that, as the shaft 126 descends, the pawl allows the gear-
wheel 128 to revolve freely on its axis, but, as soon as one of the cams 123 or 124
acts to move the shaft 126 and consequently the reversible plunger 120, up rela-
tively to the rack 129, the pawl will engage the ratchet-wheel and turn the same
and the reversible plunger so as to cause the opposite face of the latter to bear
against the paper 146. The reversible plunger is formed with two sides 132
and 133. On the side 132 is placed an india-rubber or other soft buffer 134 for the
purpose hereinafter. described. The said shaft 126 is formed of a hollow bar or
tube 135 in the end of which is inserted a gas-pipe, the gas from which escaping
into the interior of the reversible plunger through the perforations 136, is ignited
to give heat to the metallic side of the plunger, which is designed to remain over
it except for a short space of time.
1
: On the inner end of; the. cam-shaft 116 is a sprocket-wheel 137, over which runs
a chain 138, to a sprocket-wheel 139 on the main shaft 84, and. which has a con-
tinuous revolution. On the outer end of the said cam-shaft 116 is a gear-wheel 140
which is geared with a like gear-wheel 141, carrying on the outer end of its shaft
a cam 142 for operating a laterally moving bar 187 hereinafter mentioned.
143, 143 are end pieces, and 144 is a side piece, of a frame provided..for carrying
the paper 146 on which the impression is to be made. A screw-threaded side
rod 145, Figures 7, 7 and 9, which forms part of the said. frame, works in a nut-
pinion 147, which revolves between the sides of a hanger 148, the outer circum-
ference of which pinion is cogged, and. which is geared with a gear-wheel, 149 on
a shaft 150, the opposite end of which carries a bevel wheel 151 geared with an
intermittent gear-wheel 152, on the main-shaft 84 through a combined straight and
bevelled gear-wheel 153, beneath the said shaft. By these means motion is trans-
mitted intermittently from the main-shaft 84 to the. nut-pinion 147, for the purpose
of feeding along the paper. or other,substance after each impression.
I will now proceed to describe the manner of and mechanism for controlling.the
electro-magnets through the medium of the perforated paper produced by the per-
forator as herein before described.
,154 is a roller loosely mounted on a shaft 155 and arranged in combination with
two smaller, rollers 156 one on each side, between which and the large roller.the

page_text: perforated paper is moved. On one end of the said shaft 155 is a toothed
wheel 156, which is geared with an intermittent gear-wheel 157, on the main-
shaft 84, the said toothed wheel 156¹ being designed to make one-half of a turn
in each complete revolution of the said intermittent gear-wheel 157.
At one side of the large roller 154 are a number of pointed levers or needles 158,
which rest normally upon the paper, and below which, and between the paper and
the roller, is a strip of conducting material 159, connected with a wire 160, leading
to the battery. Connected with the needles are wires 161, leading through a
cross-piece 162, above the roller, and communicating with wires 163 set in a non-
conducting circular plate 164, which bears against the caps 96 over the aforesaid
wires 95 connected with the electro-magnets 92, and completes the circuit from the
said conducting strip 159 and consequently from the battery to one or other of the
electro-magnets 92 according to which of the needles 158, is permitted by the per-
forated paper to come in contact with the conducting strip 159.
165 is a toothed wheel fixed on the shaft 155 of the large roller and geared with
toothed wheels 166 and 167 loosely mounted on other shafts 168 and 169 respec-
tively. The toothed wheel 165 is provided on its inner face with a pin 170, which,
in its normal position rests against a cam or projection 171 on the cylindrical
portion 172 of the roller 154.
173 and 174 are notched or ratchet discs mounted securely on the shafts 168
and 169 respectively, and in the notches of one of these discs engages a spring
catch 185 for the purpose hereinafter described.
175 and 176 are pawls attached to the toothed wheels 166 and 167 respectively,
and adapted to engage in a single notch in the side of 173 and 174.
177 and 178 are toothed discs loosely mounted on the said shafts 168 and 169
respectively, on the outer periphery of which discs are projections 179 and 180,
which are normally held against pins 181 and 182 in the discs 173 and 174 respec-
tively, through the medium of springs 183 and 184, which are attached at one ed
to the shafts 168 and 169 respectively, and at the other end to the discs 177
and 178.
185 is a spring catch designed to engage with the teeth of the ratchet disc 174,
it being understood that there are as many teeth or projections on the wheels 166
and 167, ratchet-discs 173 and 174, and toothed discs 177 and 178 as there are
letters and characters in composition.
187 is a laterally moving bar which bears against the spring catch 185 and has
at the opposite end a rectangular boxing in which revolves the cam 142 for
operating the said bar as shown in Figure 9.
188 and 189 are electro-magnets the armatures 190 and 191 of which are provided
with bars or projections 192 and 193 respectively, which, when operated, rise in
between the teeth of the said toothed discs 177 and 178. 194 and 195, Figures 7
and 15, are needles which bear against the large roller 154 at the opposite side to
that occupied by the aforesaid needles 158, and the wires of which are connected
with the said magnets 188 and 189.
In operation, the perforated paper is fed over the large roller 154, the length of
the paper perforated, or the length of each line of the letters and characters
extending from the needles 158 to the needles 194 and 195, and, as the main
shaft 155 turns the large roller 154 through the medium of the pin 170, striking
against the cam or projection 171 on the end 172 of the said roller, the perforated
paper will move, allowing the first needle 158 to rest for an instant in the perforation
in the paper, and come in contact with the conducting material 159 beneath it, thus
completing the electric circuit.
At the same time that the roller 154 revolves, the cylinder 71 will revolve through
the medium of the intermittent gear-wheel 83, and the gear-wheel 82'; and, through
the medium of one of the rings 74 which is secured to the frame, and the corre-
sponding disc or gear-wheel 87 which is secured to the shaft 85, the said shaft will,
in revolving with the said cylinder, be caused to rotate about its axis; the other
discs 87, which are loosely mounted on the shaft 85, turn about their axis in unison

page_text: with the said shaft until stopped by the rods 89. As the electric needles drop into
the perforations of the paper and thus complete the different circuits, and energize
the corresponding electro-magnets, the corresponding rods 89 will be drawn into the
spaces between certain teeth on the discs or wheels 87 on the said shaft, thus
arresting the rotation of the said discs about their axis and holding the same in the
position which they then occupy, until a complete revolution of the said cylinder 71
is made. As the cylinder 71 revolves, the said discs 87 revolving with the same
and being rotated against the tension of their interior springs 91, will, when the
rods 89 are caused to engage with them, cause the corresponding type-carrying
rings 74 (it being understood that each ring contains all the letters and characters
used in composition) to turn with them, taking up each ring at a particular point of
its revolution, corresponding to the letter or character desired, and bringing it
around to a position of alignment. The successive rings bearing type to be used
in the line, are carried around in this manner to their proper position during the
one revolution of the cylinder. When all the said rings are in their proper position,
the spaces in the other rings not occupied by any character but left blank, form
together a groove lengthwise through the rings directly above the impression
plunger, so as to permit the sliding of the type of one ring through other rings to a
final position for impression as hereinafter described. So long as each disc 87
rotates in unison with the shaft 85, no increase of tension of its spring 91 will take
place; but, when its rotation is arrested by the check-rod 89, the tension of its
spring 91 will be increased by the continued rotation of the said shaft about its
axis. The said springs 91 being under tension, as soon as the rods 89 are released
from the discs 87 and the discs are thus freed, the said springs 91 carry the type-
rings 74 back to their normal position, the latter being stopped by projecting posts
abutting against a rod of the frame, and being held there by the said springs 91
which remain under slight tension.
It will be observed that, as the cylinder revolves, the discs 87 revolving therewith,
the cylinder will, when any of the rods 89 are thrown into engagement with the
teeth of the corresponding discs 87, revolve the corresponding rings 74 one tooth
for each section of a turn or a section of turn equal to one letter in the ring, the
movement of the rods 89 into engagement with the discs 87 being the first operation
in the selection of a type in the type-ring. Each type-ring begins to move with
the cylinder 71, when but not until the rotation of the corresponding disc 87 is
arrested by a check-rod 89.
a
The length of the series of perforations in the perforated paper is determined by
the number of letters or characters employed in composition, commencing at one
end and ending with the last letter or character at the opposite end, and, as the
rings have type around their circumference in the same order as the perforations
at any point in the length of the composition, the perforation is made at that
point.
It will be seen that, as there are as many type-carrying rings as there are lateral
perforations, (or as many as the times the punch-beam moves), each letter or
character is punched to operate the ring to bring the letter operated upon in its
proper place as regards width of line.
It will also be seen that, where only the keys nearest the operator are used, the
paper is caused to move lengthwise only the distance of the paper punched, thereby
saving the paper as above described. Were the large roll 154 to make a complete
turn each time, and the perforations of the first letters only used, as above described,
then the perforations intended for the succeeding line would be drawn under the
electric needles, and the corresponding type placed in the line being formed.
It is to obviate this difficulty that I use the discs in the mechanism shown in
Figure 2, the operation of which is as follows:-
As above described, in bringing the punch-beam back to its original position, the
point or projection 69 will slide in a straight groove of the worm-wheel 68, and, as
it moves forward, riding in a curved groove, will revolve the spiral section 68 and

page_text: cause the three-faced cam 66 to operate the punch 64¹ or 65 as the case may be as
hereinbefore described.
:
Hence it will be seen that, at the beginning of every line of composition, the
paper is punched on one side outside of the line of perforations representing letters
or characters used in composition. As a line of perforation in which the final
characters of composition are not used, is passing round the large roller 154, the
beginning or base of such perforation, beside which the side perforation is made as
above described, will pass by the position occupied by the needles 194 and 195 and
the perforation made by one of the punches 64¹ or 65 will pass under the corre-
sponding needle and the circuit will be completed in which are included the electro-
magnets 188, 189 for causing the aforesaid projections 192, 193 to pass between the
teeth of the toothed discs presented, it being understood that the reduced end 172 of
the roller 154 is revolved through the medium of the pin 170 and cam projection 171,
and consequently the toothed disc 177, through the medium of the projection 179
bearing against the pin 181 on the ratchet-wheel 173, which in turn is caused to
operate by the pawl 175, bearing in the notch in the ratchet-disc 173.
As the projection 192 rides between the teeth of the disc 177, it will stop the
said disc, it being understood that the discs are revolved a distance corresponding
to the distance that the paper has travelled, or the distance that the paper would
travel were all the letters and characters in composition employed; therefore, as
the perforated paper revolves the remaining distance to complete the line, or to the
base, the needles will drop through the perforations and revolve the type-carrying
rings as above described to form the next line.
Until the remaining part of the paper has been passed through, or until the
intermittent gear-wheel 157 revolves to the smooth surface, the toothed wheel 166
and ratchet-wheel 173 will revolve, the toothed disc 177 remaining stationary, on
account of the catch 192, and consequently the shaft pin 181 will leave the point or
projection 179, the corresponding spring 183 being put in tension between the shaft
and ratchet-disc 173, and the toothed disc 177. When the smooth section of the
intermittent gear-wheel 157 comes against the pinion 156, the said spring 183 under
tension on the shaft 168, to which is securely fastened the ratchet-wheel 173, will
revolve the ratchet-wheel 173 in the reverse direction from that in which it was
moved by the intermittent cog-wheel 157, and, through the medium of the pawl 175,
will revolve the pinion 166, which is loosely mounted, and thus turn the central
toothed wheel 165 and the pin 170 backward from its first position, away from the
cam or projection 171, so that, when the toothed portion of the intermittent gear-
wheel 157 again gears with the said pinion 156, the central toothed wheel 165 will
revolve without the paper-turning roller until the pin 170 again strikes the cam or
projection 171 on its reduced end 172, thus carrying the roller forward freely
through the distance the pin has travelled and consequently the distance of the
line blank.
The horizontal rod 187 is moved laterally backward and forward, in each
revolution of the cam 142, and, as the toothed discs act alternately on each side of
the pinion 165, and as the electro-magnets 188, and 189 act alternately, the said
rod is timed to hold the spring catch 185 out of engagement when necessary.
After the base of the perforated paper has passed under the needles 158, the
portion of the intermittent gear-wheel 157 has spent itself, as has also intermittent
gear-wheel 83, and the cam 84' will operate the gates 82 through the medium of
the lever 851 and link 86, thereby leaving a clear passage for the liner 100, and
push-rod 103. At this poinit of the operation, the intermittent gear-wheel 109 will
mesh with the combined straight and bevel gear idler 108, 108, which in turn
operates the double pinion 105' through the medium of the pinion 107, throwing
the base-rod or bed-rod 104 into the channels 105 and thus aligning the rings and
forming a common base for the type. The push-rod 103 will also move forward,
pushing the type together until they assume the proper position to impress the
paper, as shown in Figure 94. As the pinion 111 which is loose on the shaft 112,

page_text: turns, the spring will tighten, the pawl 114 riding over the ratchet-wheel 113 and
holding them in tension until it is desired to cause the same to fly back, the cam-
projection 11 on the main shaft 84 will then strike the outer end of the pawl 114,
raising the same and allowing the tension of the spring, when the smooth part of
the intermittent gear-wheel 109 comes next the pinion 108', to bring the rols back
as far as they have travelled, or as far as the spring has been tightened.
As the head of the push-rod 103 moves forward, the liner 100 will be raised
through the medium of the springs 101, the bar 102 at one end being allowed to
rise on account of the head of the push-rod coming from over it and the opposite
end bar 102 riding in a slot in the cylinder 71 which allows it to rise; the springs 101
then carry the aligning rod or straightener 100 up against the type, thus it will be
seen that the type is first given a common base, then pushed into a compact form
to make the impression and then straightened from end to end of the line.
At this point in the operation, the cam-projection 121 will raise the under
plunger 122 carrying the knife or blade 119 up against the pulp or wetted paper
which is between it and the type. As the knife is raised, it will also raise the
boxes 127 and consequently the reversible plunger 120 a short distance, a further
turn of the cam-shaft will cause the cam-projection 123 to ride under the
plungers 125, raise the reversible plunger, and thus cause the top side with the
flexible material thereon to press against the paper, making a quick impression,
when the said plunger will fall on account of the cam moving from beneath the
said plunger in its downward movement. The wheel 128 will revolve freely on the
shaft 123, the pawl riding over the catch in the ratchet-wheel 131, but as
the second cam-projection 124 strikes the plunger, the reversible plunger rising,
the pawl will engage the ratchet-wheel, and the pinion 128 revolving against the
rack-bar 129, will revolve the reversible plunger and cause its end, 133, which is
heated to an intense degree as has been hereinbefore described, to make the final
impression and also through the medium of its heated end to dry the paper.
On the heated end of the reversible plunger is a knife 200 which makes an
impression in the paper on the opposite side of the type from that made by the
knife or blade 119, so that, as the paper moves forward, as hereinafter described,
the initial impression in which the first named knife 119 will come, will be made.
In order to bring plungers 122 and 125 back into position on the cams, I
provide springs 201 which exert a downward pressure to effect this result.
Almost simultaneously with the action of the springs 201, the intermittent gear-
wheel 152 will revolve the pinion 151 through the medium of the straight and
bevel pinion 153, causing the rod 150 having on its opposite end the pinion 149
to revolve, thereby revolving the screw-nut 147; the rod 145 and consequently
the paper or pulp to be impressed will then be moved or fed one line, when the
smooth part of the intermittent gear-wheel will present itself, stopping the paper
and letting it remain in that position until the main shaft has made a complete
revolution, thus placing new type in position to impress the paper. By the dropping
of the rods 89 between the teeth of the discs 87, the said discs will be caused to
stop revolving and will be held in position, as above described. On the stopping
of the discs, the shaft 85 continuing to revolve will cause tension on the springs 91,
the tension necessary as the cylinder revolves, so that, after an impression of a
line, the rod 203 being raised, thereby raising the rods 89, the said discs will fly
back the distance they have travelled after the tension was put upon them, or the
distance after the rods 89 were operated.
After the impressions or matrices are formed in the paper or pulp, the stereo-
typed plates are formed, preferably of column length, and the matter or composition
is ready for the process of printing.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inveu-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed as communicated to me
by my foreign correspondent, I declare that what I claim is :-
First. The herein described method of setting or composing type, by the aid of

page_text: electricity, wherein a perforated strip or sheet of paper or similar material is
employed in combination with needles adapted to enter the perforations and thus
effect the required electrical connections.
Second. In the setting or composition of type for the production of matrices
for stereotyping, the employment of electrically controlled revolving type-carrying
rings, substantially as hereinbefore described and for the purpose specified.
Third. The improved method of producing matrices for stereotyping, consisting
in composing the type by the aid of electrically controlled type-carrying rings
the setting or adjustment of which is regulated or determined by means of
perforated strips or sheets of paper or similar material, and impressing the lines
of type successively in the paper or other substance to form the matrix, substantially
as hereinbefore described.
Fourth. In the setting of type for the production of matrices for stereotyping,
the employment, in combination with each other, of a perforator for perforating
paper or similar material, a liner provided with needles to coincide with the lines
or rows of perforations in the paper or similar material, and type-carrying rings
operated and controlled by electricity through the medium of the said needles,
substantially as herein before described.
Fifth. A perforator comprising keys marked with letters or other characters,
punches operated by the said keys and adapted to be moved laterally over the
strip or sheet to be perforated, and means for moving or feeding forward the said
strip or sheet after being punched, for the purposes above specified.
Sixth. The combination of a series of punches carried by a punch-beam, keys
for operating the said punches through the medium of punch-levers, a screw-
threaded shaft and means for revolving the same through the medium of the
punch-levers to move the said punch-beam laterally, and means for moving the
punch-beam back to its original position, substantially as, and for the purposes,
above specified.
Seventh. The combination, with the perforating punches and the keys and
levers for operating the same, of rolls at each end of the perforator carrying a
strip of paper beneath the punches, a cylinder mounted on a shaft and having a
ratchet-surface, rings actuated by springs and surrounding the said cylinder, pawls
carried by the said rings and engaging with the said ratchet-surface, and
intermediate connections between the said shaft and the rolls for revolving the
same, substantially as, and for the purposes, above specified.
Eighth. The combination, in the perforator, with the rings actuated by springs,
of a stepped covering partly surrounding the said rings, and projections upon the
rings adapted to come in contact with the steps of the said covering, substantially
as, and for the purposes, above specified.
Ninth. The improved apparatus constructed substantially as described with
reference to Figures 1 to 6 of the drawings and operating as, and for the purposes,
above specified.
Tenth. The combination, with the perforator, of a register for indicating or
determining the length of the line perforated, substantially as hereinbefore
described.
Eleventh. The combination of a series of keys, a punch-beam carrying punches
operated by the said keys, and a pointer or register actuated by the keys and
returned by the punch-beam, substantially as described.
Twelfth. The combination of a cylinder, type-carrying rings surrounding the
same, a shaft mounted in the said cylinder and carrying toothed discs geared
with the said rings, and means for electrically controlling the movement of the
said toothed discs through the medium of a strip of perforated paper or similar
material, for the purposes above specified.
Thirteenth. The combination, with the electrically controlled type-carrying
rings, of suitable means for taking an impression therefrom, substantially as, and
for the purpose, above specified.
Fourteenth. The combination, with a cylinder and type-carrying rings mounted

page_text: thereon, of posts between the type forming channels and a compression device
adapted to hold the assembled type while the impression is being taken, substantially
as, and for the purposes, above specified.
Fifteenth. The combination, with the perforating punches and the keys for
operating the same, of supplemental punches and means for operating them,
substantially as, and for the purpose, above specified.
Sixteenth. The combination, with the needles which coincide with the main per-
forations to electrically control the type-carrying rings, of supplemental needles which
coincide with the supplemental perforations and are adapted to control the feeding
of the perforated paper beneath the needles, substantially as, and for the purpose,
above specified.
Seventeenth. The combination, with a series of type-carrying rings and means
for operating and controlling the same to set or compose the type, of means for
feeding paper, pulp or similar plastic substance beneath the type, and a plunger
provided with means for heating the same and for raising it to press the paper,
pulp or other plastic substance against the type and thus form matrices from the
said type and at the same time dry the said matrices.
Eighteenth. The combination, with a main shaft actuating a cylinder having
type-carrying rings mounted thereon, of a supplemental cylinder actuated by the
said shaft and carrying the perforated paper, needles adapted to coincide with the
perforations in the paper and thus close the electric circuits between an electric
generator and the electro-magnets controlling the said rings, substantially as
described.
Nineteenth. The combination, with the type-carrying rings, of bars for aligning
the type, a base or bed-rod, and mechanism for pressing the type together prior to
making an impression for stereotyping, substantially as described.
Twentieth. The combination of rings carrying posts forming channels, types
placed in the said channels and arranged to be pressed together, and springs on
the type which allow them to automatically adjust themselves in the channels in
their respective rings, substantially as described.
Twenty-first. The combination, with the type-carrying rings, of a shaft operating
an impression device, means for automatically feeding paper or pulp between the
line of type and the impression devices, and means for drying the paper or pulp
automatically, substantially as described.
Twenty-second. The combination, with the type-carrying rings, of a frame for
carrying the paper pulp, propelled by a screw-threaded shaft working in a nut
revolved by intermediate connections with the main shaft, and a reversible plunger
located beneath the paper to make the impression and heat and dry the paper
ready for stereotyping, substantially as described.
Twenty-third. The combination, with the cylinder provided with the type-
carrying rings, of toothed discs engaging with the said rings, bars adapted to
engage with the said discs, wires secured in a circular plate or disc, electro-magnets
the armatures of which are connected with the said rods, and wires connecting the
electro-magnets with the wires in the said disc, substantially as, and for the
purposes, above specified.
Twenty-fourth. The combination of a cylinder, a series of type-carrying rings
encircling the same, internal toothed wheels or discs geared with teeth formed
upon the inner sides of the rings, and electrical connections for locking the
said toothed wheels or discs, substantially as, and for the purposes, above
specified.
Twenty-fifth. A liner comprising a cylinder mounted upon a shaft, a toothed
ring upon the cylinder, projections upon the ring and cylinder to cause the same
to move in unison, a toothed disc geared with the ring and provided with a pawl,
a ratchet-disc in engagement with the pawl, a toothed disc controlled by a spring
and formed with a projection, a projection upon the ratchet-disc in engagement
therewith, and electrically controlled bars or levers adapted to be projected into

page_text: the teeth of the last named disc, substantially as, and for the purposes, above
specified.
Twenty-sixth. The improved apparatus constructed substantially as described
with reference to Figures 7 to 17 of the accompanying drawings and operating as,
and for the purposes, above specified.
Dated this 21st 1
M1000
D. YOUNG & Co.,
11 & 12, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.