Improvements in Apparatus for Crushing or Pulverizing Ores anl other Substances.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 21st July, 1896
Complete Specification Left. 21st Apr.. 1897-Accepted, 26th June, 1897
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Crushing or Pulverizing Ores anl
other Substances.
I, CHARLES DUNSFORD JENKINS, M.D., of 130 Huntington Avenue, Boston,
Massachusetts, United States of America, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be follows:-
My invention relates to apparatus for crushing or pulverizing ores and other
substances and comprises various improvenients hereinafter mentioned.
One feature of iny present invention is the employment of an inner cone or
approximately conical body arranged within an outer cone or correspondingly shaped
vessel or shell and provided with means whereby a gyratory or approximately
gyratory motion is imparted to it at one end, the other end being supported in a
suitable step or bearing, so that a circular oscillation or wabbling motion is imparted
to it, causing its axis to describe approximately a cone about the axis of the said
vessel or shell. The said conical body is thus caused to roll against or in close
proximity to the interior surface of the said vessel or shell so that a sort of
pestle-and-mortar action is exerted upon the material to be crushed or ground.
My said invention also comprises novel mechanisin or gearing for imparting the
required gyratory or approximately gyratory motion to the said conical body or pestle.
For this purpose I employ toggle-joints arranged radially to the said conical body or
pestle and approximately at right angles to each other, and I provide suitable means,
such, for instance, as an eccentric on the driving-shaft, for effecting the alternate
flexion and straightening of the said toggle-joints respectively, the one being
straightened while the other is being bent or folded. The said toggle-joints are
sometimes so arranged that each of them will be moved alternately away from its
dead centre on one side thereof and then straightened, in which case the said conical
body or pestle will be turned through one revolution in each revolution of the driving-
shaft; or the said toggle-joints are so arranged that each of them will be bent or
folded alternately in either direction, in which case the said conical body or pestle will
be given two revolutions in each revolution of the driving-shaft.
My said invention also comprises other improvements hereinafter mentioned.
In carrying my said invention into practice, according to one method, the outer
shell or mortar is made somewhat in the form of a hollow cone closed at the bottom
or base with the exception of one or more suitable apertures for the discharge of the
crushed material.
A shaft is mounted at its lower end in or upon a hemi-spherical pivot or bearing
arranged centrally in the said shell or mortar so that this shaft can be moved in such
manner as to cause its axis to describe a cone about the axis of the said shell or
nortar.
On this shaft is fixed the aforesaid conical body or pestle, the external diameter of
which at its base is about the same as the internal diameter of the corresponding part
of the shell, but whose external diameter at its upper end is considerably less than the
nternal diameter of the shell at that part, so that the width of the space between the
conical body or pestle and the said shell or mortar gradually diminishes from the top
o the botton. The said conical body or pestle and the interior surface of the wall of

page_text: the said shell or mortar are sometimes curved more or less in transverse section from
a point a short distance above their lower end downward, in order to ensure a more
efficient action of the machine.
Two toggle-joints are provided, each of which is pivotally connected at one end to
the said shaft above the said conical body or pestle, and at its other end to a pin or
stud fixed in a flange or lug at the upper end of the said shell or mortar so that the
said toggle-joints are approximately at right angles to each other. A vertical driving-
shaft is supported in suitable steps or bearings in the frame of the machine, and on
this shaft is fixed an eccentric provided with a rotary strap which is connected by
two rods with the middle pivots of the toggle-joints respectively, so that, in the rotation
of the driving-shaft, the said eccentric causes the alternate flexion and straightening
of the toggle-joints respectively. The combined motion of the said toggle-joints
causes the upper end of the shaft carrying the said conical body or pestle to travel
around in a circular or approximately circular path, the said shaft moving about the
hemi-spherical pivot at its lower end, so that the said conical body rolls upon or in
proximity to the inner surface of the said shell or mortar, and the ore or other
material placed between these parts will be effectually crushed or ground. It may be
advantageous, in some cases, to so construct and combine the parts that the path in
which the said shaft travels, instead of being circular, will have the form of a spherical
or curvilinear triangle, or other suitable form which will ensure a more energetic
action at intervals in the revolution or gyration of the said shaft, and thus tend to
clear the machine.
To facilitate the adjustment of the inner cons or pestle relatively to the outer cone
or mortar, I provide suitable means whereby the said hemi-spherical pivot or bearing
can be easily raised or lowered from the exterior of the machine. For example, I
make the hemi-spherical pivot with a screw-threaded part working in a fixed nut
attached to the base of the inner cone or mortar, and also with a worm-wheel or pinion
with which is geared a worm fixed on a spindle extending to the outside of the
machine and provided with a hand-wheel or other suitable device for turning it about
its axis.
I sometimes provide other suitable means for imparting the aforesaid gyratory or
wabbling motion to the inner cone or pestle. For example, I provide an eccentric or
the like at the upper end of the shaft carrying the said cone, so arranged that it
will cause the upper end of the said shaft to travel in a circular or approximately
circular path.
.
If desired, 1 provide the machine with a suitable charging hopper; and I sometimes
make the bottom of the outer cone or mortar in the shape of an inverted hollow cone,
or otherwise suitably inclined, and provide it with a suitable discharge-chute. I can,
if desired, provide the exterior of the inner cone and the interior of the outer cone
with suitable wearing-pieces or strips to facilitate the renewal of the grinding
surfaces.
In some instances I mount the inner cone or pestle in a suitable bearing at its upper
end and provide for imparting the gyratory motion to its lower end. This arrangement
is useful for stone-crushing and in other cases where it is desirable that the machine
should more rapidly clear itself of the crushed material.
My improved machine is very advantageous for crushing or pulverizing ores either
wet or dry, and is also useful for crushing or grinding other substances.
Dated this 21st day of July 1896
D. YOUNG & Co.,
11 & 12 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Crushing or Pulverizing Ores and
other Substances.
I, CHARLES DUNSFORD JENKINS, M.D., of 130 Huntington Avenue, Boston,
Massachusetts, United States of America. do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to apparatus for crushing or pulverizing ores and other
substances and comprises various improvements hereinafter described.
In my improved apparatus I employ an inner cone or approximately conical body
arranged within an outer hollow cone or correspondingly-shaped vessel or shell in
such a manner that the two cones are in contact with or in close proximity to each
other at their lower end and are separated from each other at their upper end by an
annular space of sufficient size to receive the material to be treated, and the annular
space between the two cones, while it diminishes in width, increases in diameter
from the upper to the lower end, thus obviating any liability to clogging of the
machine.
The inner cone or conical body is supported by a hemi-spherical pivot or other
universal joint and is provided with means whereby a gyratory, wabbling or
precessory motion is imparted to it, so that its axis describes approximately about the
axis of the said vessel or shell a cone whose apex is on a level with or a short distance
above the lower edge of the crushing or grinding surfaces, or can be adjusted to a
position above, helow or on a level with such lower edge. The said conical body is
thus caused to roll against or in close proximity to the interior surface of the said
vessel or shell, so that a sort of pestle-and-mortar action is exerted upon the material
to be crushed or ground. And the inner and outer cones are preferably curved
outwardly at their base. By these means, when the inner cone is gyrated, a rubbing
action as well as a crushing action is exerted upon the material at the part of the
curve tangential to a circle described about the centre of the aforesaid pivot or joint,
while the distance between the cones at their lower end is but slightly altered;
consequently the crushed or pulverized material discharged from the machine is of
an almost uniform degree of fiueness. The curved form of the lower part of the
crusher-head and mortar, moreover, affords the advantage that as the reduced material
descends from the upper part of the machine, it is spread over a larger area instead of
over an equal or smaller area as heretofore, thus facilitating the clearing of the
machine, and preventing the formation of what is technically termed "slimes."
My invention also comprises novel mechanism or gearing for imparting the
required gyratory or precessory motion to the said conical body or pestle. This
novel mechanism or gearing is constructed with toggle-joints arranged radially to the
said conical body or pestle and approximately at right angles to each other, and
connected with suitable means, such, for instance, as an eccentric on the driving-shaft
for effecting the alternate flexion and straightening of the said toggle-joints
respectively, the one being straightened while the other is being bent or folded.
The said toggle-joints are sometimes so arrange that each of them will be moved
alternately away from its dead centre on one side thereof and then straightened,
in which case the said conical body or pestle will be turned through one revolution
in each revolution of the driving-shaft; or, if preferred, the said toggle-joints are so
arranged that each of them will be bent or folded alternately in either direction, in
which case the said conical body or pestle will be given two revolutions in each
revolution of the driving-shaft.
My said invention also comprises other improvements hereinafter describe:l.

page_text: In the accompanying drawings I have shown how my said invention may he
conveniently and advantageously carried into practice.
Figure 1 is a vertical central section, and
Figure 2 a plan showing one form or modification of my improved crusher or
pulverizer.
Figure 3 is a plan, partly in horizontal section, of one half of the ring or
frame for supporting the inner and outer cones, illustrating details of con-
struction.
Figure 4 is a vertical central section showing another form or modification of
ny improved apparatus.
Like letters indicate corresponding parts throughout the drawings.
A is an outer shell or mortar which is made approximately in the form of a
hollow cone the inner surface being formed by a straight generatrix curved out-
wardly from a point a short distance above its lower end downwards. The shell A
is mounted on a ring or frame A¹ provided with feet a whereby it is to be
supported at a suitable distance above the ground or above a floor or platform,
a hopper being preferably secured beneath the said ring, by means of brackets b',.
for the discharge of the crushed or pulverized material.
B is the approximately conical crusher-head or pestle, which is also curved outwardly
at its base so that its exterior is similar in shape or configuration to the interior
of the shell or mortar A, with the exception that the length or height of the cone
is less. Therefore, while the external diameter of the base of the crusher-head or
pestle B is very nearly equal to the internal diameter of the corresponding part
of the shell A, the external diameter of the said crusher-head at its upper end is
considerably less than the internal diameter of the shell at that part, and
consequently the width of the spice between the two cones gradually increases
from the lower to the upper end. Moreover by making the exterior of the said
crusher-head or pestle B and the interior surface of the shell or mortar A curved
in transverse section as above described, a more efficient action of the machine
is obtained and the inner cone can, if desired, be adjusted so that it will come
in. tact with the outer cone, thus ensuring the crushing or grinding of the
Is to a very fine powder.
ma,
T
mann
rusher-head or pestle B is mounted on a shaft C, preferably in such a
.hat it is free to turn thereon for the purpose hereinafter explained. The
shaft is provided at its lower end with a bearing surface or seat (which fits
and works upon a hemi-spherical pivot D, whereby the said shaft and crusher
head B are supported, a hole being formed through the shaft C to permit the
introduction of oil for lubricating the surface of the said pivot D.
The pivot D is mounted on or formed integrally with a screw-threaded shaft D¹;
this shaft is adapted to turn in a nute attached by arms or brackets e to the
ring or frame A1, and is provided with a worm-wheel D² geared with a worm d
which is mounted on a shaft extending through the frame A' and provided
with a square end 2 to receive a key for turning it in one or the other direction
for the purpose of raising or lowering the pivot D. In this manner the inner cone
or pestle B can be very readily adjusted relatively to the outer cone
mortar A according to the desired degree of fineness of the crushed or ground
material.
or
I prefer to so construct my apparatus that the centre of the said hemi-spherical
pivot, which is coincident or nearly so with the apex of the cone described by
the axis of the crusher-head, shall be on a level with or a short distance ahove
the lower edge of the crushing or grinding surfaces. By this arrangement I
ensure a more efficient crushing or grinding action between the curved parts of
such surfaces.
For imparting the requisite gyratory or precessory motion to the shaft C and
crusher-head B, 1 provide toggle-joints E E, F FI, each of which is pivotally
connected at one end to the shatt C above the said crusher-head. The toggle-
joint E E is pivotally connected at its other end to a pin or stud E³, and the

page_text: The
toggle-joint F F to a pin or stud F, which pins or studs are fixed in a flange
or table A2 at the upper end of the shell A in such relative position that the
said toggle-joints are approximately at right angles to each other. On a vertical
driving-shaft G supported in suitable steps or bearings in the frame of the
machine, is fixed an eccentric H provided with rotary straps J, K which are
connected by rods J, K with the middle pivots e, f of the toggle-joints
respectively, so that, in the rotation of the driving-shaft G, the eccentric II
causes the alternate flexion and straightening of the said toggle-joints.
combined motion of these toggle-joints causes the upper end of the shaft C to travel
around in an approximately circular path of small diameter; this path is not exactly
circular but forms the outline of a curvilinear figure having three sides, consequently
a more energetic action is obtained at intervals in the revolution or gyration of the
said shaft, and the machine tends to clear itself. The said shaft moves about the
hemi-spherical pivot D at its lower end and the crusher-head B therefore rolls upon
or in proximity to the inner surface of the shell or mortar A, and the ore or other
material placed between these parts will be effectually erushed or ground. It may he
advantageous, in some cases, to vary the relative length of the toggles so as to vary
the shape of the path in which the upper end of the shaft travels.
The eyes at the ends of the toggle-links E, F are made internally of the shape
shown in Figure 1, to permit the necessary change of angle between the said links
and the shaft C. during the gyratory motion of the latter. The links E, F are
retained in position by means of a plate g and set-screw g', which screw also serves
to close the lubricating passage C². The set-screw g' may, if desired, be replaced by
a suitable lubricator or grease-cup.
It is evident, moreover, that I can, if desired, use other suitable means for effecting
the alternate flexion and straightening of the said toggle-joints.
If desired. I provide the machine with a suitable charging hopper, and I sometimes
make the bottom of the outer cone or mortar in the shape of an inverted hollow cone,
or otherwise suitably inclined, and provide it with a suitable discharge-chute. I can,
if desired, provide the exterior of the inner cone and the interior of the outer cone
with suitable wearing-pieces or strips to facilitate the renew..l of the crushing, or
grinding surfaces, and these surfaces may be smooth or roughened or corrugated as
may be desired.
In Figure 4 I have shown a portable machine adapted for use by assayers and
others, and capable of being worked by band. In this case the cone B and shaft C
are formed integrally with each other, and the shell or mortar A is lined with
removable wearing pieces or strips A³.
Gyratory or precessory motion is imparted to the shaft C and cone or pestle B by
means of a shaft L turning in a bearing attached to the shell A. The said sha
is provided at its lower end with a piece L' having an eccentrically arranged socket
or recess L² to receive the upper end of the shaft C, which is made of conical form
so as to work in the socket L without lost motion. The shaft L is rotated by means
of bevel-gearing j, j from a horizontal shaft M having a crank-handle M', the shaft M
being maintained in position by means of collars M2 working in a thrust-bearing of
anti-friction metal. By these means the upper end of the shaft C may be caused to
travel in a circular or approximately circular path, and the desired gyratory or
precessory notion thus be imparted to the cone B. m is an adjusting-screw for
enabling the pivot D to be raised or lowered as desired, the said screw bearing
against the stem D³ of the said pivot, and being provided with a lock-nut m' for
securing it in any position to which it may be adjusted.
By mounting the crusher-head loosely on its shaft as above described, I provide for
enabling it to yield slightly when it meets with any extra hard piece of the material,
so that it will move towards the wall of the shell or mortar A in the direction of least.
resistance, and consequently no injurious stress will be put upon the machine, any
extra hard pieces of the material being gradually reduced.
In some instances I apply my improved mechanism above described to a crusher
or pulverizer wherein the shait of the crusher-head is mounted in a suitable

page_text: bearing or universal joint at its upper end, the said mechanism being used for
imparting the gyratory or precessory motion to it at its lower end. This arrange-
ment is useful for stone-crushing and in other cases where it is desirable that the
machine should more rapidly clear itself of the crushed material. The said bearing
or universal joint is preferably made adjustable so that the crusher-head can be
raised or lowered relatively to the shell or mortar.
pulverizing ores either
My improved machine is very advantageous for crushing or
wet or dry, and is also useful for crushing or grinding other substances.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
First. A crusher or pulverizer comprising an approximately conical shell or
mortar and an approximately conical gyrating crasher-head or pestle working therein
and so constructed that the annular space between the two conical bodies, while it.
diminishes in width, will increase in diameter from the upper to the lower end, and
the axis of the crusher-head will approximately describe about the axis of the shell or
mortar a cone whose apex is on a level with or a short distance above the lower edge
of the crushing or grinding surfaces, for the purposes above specified.
Second. A crusher or pulverizer in which the exterior surface of the crusher-head
and the interior surface of the shell or mortar have the form of cones of approximately
the same diameter at the base but of different beight, and are both curved outwardly
at the base, substantially as hereinbefore described, and which is provided with means
for imparting gy ratory or precessory motion to the said crusher-head, for the purposes
above specified.
Third. The gyratory conical crusher-head arranged in the shell or mortar and
mounted loosely upon a shaft supported upon a hemi-spherical pivot or other
universal joint on a level with or a short distance above the lower edge of the
crushing or grinding surfaces, substantially as, and for the purposes, hereinbefore
described.
Fourth. A crusher or pulverizer compris a crusher-head having the form of a
cone curved outwardly at its base, support in a correspondingly-shaped shell
or mortar by a hemi-spherical pivot the centre .ich is on a level with or a short
distance above the lower edge of the crushing or grinding surfaces, and means for
imparting gyratory or precessory motion to the said crusher-head, substantially as,
and for the purposes, bereinbefore described.
Fifth. A crusber or pulverizer in which the crusher-head is mounted on a shaft
supported at one end by a hemi-spherical pivot or universal joint and the other end of
which is connected with means for moving it in a path forming the outline of a
curvilinear triangle, for the purposes above specified.
Sixth. The combination, with the crusher-head, of a hemi-spherical pivot or other
universal joint supporting the same and means for vertically adjusting the said pivot
and thus moving the apex of the cone described by the axis of the crusher-head into
different positions above, below or on a level with the lower edge of the grinding
surfaces, substantially as, and for the purposes, hereinbefore described.
Seventh. Mechanism or gearing for producing or imparting gyratory or precessory
motion, comprising toggle-joints arranged approximately at right angles to each
other, one end of each toggle-joint being pivotally connected to the part to be
gyrated and the other end to a fixed pin or stud, and suitable means for effecting
the alternate flexion and straightening of the said toggle-joints in the manner
substantially as herein before described.
Eighth. The improved mechanism or gearing for producing gyratory or precessory
motion, in which the middle pivots of the toggle-joints are
coupled to straps fitted
upon an eccentric on the driving-shaft, substantially as, and for the purposes,
hereinbefore described.
Ninth. The modification of my improved apparatus wherein I support the crusher-
head by an universal joint at its upper end and provide for imparting circular or

page_text: gyratory motion to its lower end by the means substantially as hereinbefore
described.
Tenth. The improved apparatus constructed substantially as described with
reference to Figures 1, 2 and 3 or to Figure 4 of the drawings and operating as, and
for the purposes, above specified.
C. D. JENKINS.
D. Young & Co.,
11 & 12 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.
C. D. JENKINS.
D. Young & Co.,
11 & 12 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.