A NEW ENGINE OR MACHINE WHICH HE CALLS AN UPRIGHT WINDMILL, BEING TO BE MOVED CHEIFLY BY THE WIND, AND IS PROPER FOR BAISING OF WATER EITHER FOR DRAINING OF LANDS OR MINES, OR FURNISHING CITIES, TOWNS, OR GENTLEMEN'S SEATS WITH WATER, AND APPLICABLE TO MANY OTHER PURPOSES WHERE GREAT STRENGTH AND FORCE IS REQUIRED
Year: 1738

page_text: GEORGE THE DEVONE,
presents shall come, greeting.
WHEREAS our trusty and welbeloved JOHN KAY, of Bury, in our county of
Lancaster, Engineer, has, by his petition, humbly represented unto us that
he has, by sudy, long application, and expence, found out and invented "A
NEW ENGINE OR MACHINE WHICH HE CALLS AN UPRIGHT WINDMILL, BEING TO BE
MOVED CHEIFLY BY THE WIND, AND IS PROPER FOR BAISING OF WATER EITHER FOR
DRAINING OF LANDS OR MINES, OR FURNISHING CITIES, TOWNS, OR GENTLEMEN'S
SEATS WITH WATER, AND APPLICABLE TO MANY OTHER PURPOSES WHERE GREAT
STRENGTH AND FORCE IS REQUIRED," which engine consists of two upright posts
of timber strongly fixed in the ground, and a cross beam tying them together
at the heads. In the middle, betwixt the two posts, is placed a moving shaft
or runner, with center pins and sockets both above and below for the shaft
to turn on, in which shaft are placed eight arms or cross pieces, horizontally
to which arms are hung four sails on moving frames, which sailes, when
spread or braced, receive the wind without shifting the engine, 'let it blow
from any point whatsoever, and by means of the sails opening and shutting
like a door, and a brace or stay line on the back thereof, are in full sail on
one side the shaft, and come up edgeways on the other, till they have passed
the center at the shaft, and then .come into full sail again, being so continued
by their opening and shutting to receive the full force of the wind going

page_text: Forward, and not being impeded by it in the return, by means whereof the shaf
or runner is moved round with great force and swiftness, which force may be
increased at pleasure by adding one or more teer of arms and sails in the
shaft, one over another according as the heighth thereof will admitt. At the
foot of this shaft is fixed a cogg wheele or rundle that moves round with
the same, and is applicable to and proper to perform all or most of the opera-
tions that are performed by other wheels that are moved either by wind or
water, and has a further advantage, that by adding one arm to the shaft,
the mill, in case of failing of the wind or other necessity, may be kept in
operation by the strength or draught of horses. That the petitioner having
often observed that, amongst the various ways of raising water from a mine
or deep pitt, there are two that are performed by buckets, the one by two
buckets that alternately descend and ascend by an engine moved by the
strength of horses, the other is by a chain of buckets which are fastned to a
chain, and decend with the mouths downwards, and come up full with the
mouths upwards, by means of a ragg wheel on which the chain is hung; that
the first of these methods is attended with this inconvenience, that whenever
the bucket is drawn up, the horse must stand still till it is emptied, and then
turn and draw the contrary way to bring up the other bucket, and so alter-
nately during the working of the engine. The other method by a chain of
buckets is attended with this inconvenience, that no method hath yet been
found out in hanging the buckets to prevent there frequent being broke either
by the ragg wheel on which they run, or the chain on which they hung, by
reason whereof the method of a chain of buckets is become of little use, the
utility very seldom answering the expence. That the petitioner hath found
out two Inventions that remedy both these inconveniences: the one is by a
rundle fixed on a spindle with a double crank, two wheels placed over the pit
or mine, from whence the water is to be drawn; two ropes or chains, ono
end of each rope or chain being fixed to the crank, and the other end, after
several wrapings round the axis of the wheel over the pitt in proportion to the
depth, and being fastned thereto, and two buckets hung by ropes or chains at
these two wheels that shall go down and draw up from the pitt as the wheels
are moved; then, fixing the rundle to the cogg wheel (which may be to the
cogg wheel of the upright mill or any other), as the cogg wheel is moved by
the shaft, the rundle shall be moved by the cogg wheel, and the ropes or
chains shall pull round the wheels over the mine or pitt, which, by means of
the cranks, shall lett down and wind up two buckets alternately, one going
down empty, and the other coming up filled with water, and by means of a
ketch or hook at the top made to discharge themselves into a trough or

page_text: receiver for that purpose, performing this operation by means of the cranks,
and due proportioning the wheels and ropes, which makes the buckets descend
and ascend. alternately, although the prime motion be continually progressive
and without retrogradation. The other remedy for inconveniences attending a
chain of buckets is to have a rundle fitted to the cogg wheel of the first mover
on a large spindle of wood, upon which spindle is to be fixed a large pully or
ragg wheel, and on this ragg wheel or pully a chain extended to the water in
the pitt or mine, to, which chain are to be hung six, eight, or more buckets,
fastned thereto by an iron chain at the top, and a few links of a chain at one
side about the middle of the bucket, and guarded by two wooden hangers on
the sides of each bucket, by means whereof the buckets thus, hung and guarded
are prevented from every getting under the main chain or being crushed thereby,
and yett hang so. loose that they yeild to the chain, and descend with the
mouth downwards into the pit and ascend to the top, filled with water by a
constant rotation, which these buckets discharge on the surface into a trough
for that purpose. Wherefore, in regard the petitioner is the first. and sole
inventor of the said engines or machines, and that the same are entirely new
and have not hitherto been brought into publick use, he hath humbly prayed
us to grant unto him our Royal Letters Patent for the sole benefit and advan-
tage of his said, new Inventions for the term of fourteen years; wee, being
willing to give encouragement to all arts and inventions which may be for
the publick good and benefit, are graciously pleased to gratify him in his
request.
KNOW YE THEREFORE, that wee, of our especial grace, certain know-
ledge, and meer, motion, have given and granted, and by these presents, for
us, our heirs and successors, do give and grant, unto the said. John Kay,.
his executors, administrators, and assigns, our especial licence, full power, sole
priviledge. and authority, that he, the said ..John Kay, his executors,.
administrators, and assigns, and every of them, by himself and themselves, or
by his and their, deputy or deputies, servants, or agents, or such others as
he, the. said John Kay, his executors, administrators, or assigns, shall at any
time. agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times hereafter,
during the term of years herein expressed, shall and lawfully may make, use,.
exercise, and vend his said Inventions within that part of our kingdom of
Great Britain called England, our dominion of Wales, and town of Berwick-
upon-Tweed, and.in such manner as to him, the said John Kay, his executors,
administrators, and assigns, or any of them, shall in their discretion seem:
meet; and that he, the said John Kay, his executors, -administrators, and
assigns, shall and lawfully may have and enjoy. the whole profit, benefit,

page_text: comodity, and advantage from time to time coming, growing, accruing, and
arising by the reason of the said Inventions, for and during the term of year
herein mentioned, to have, hold, exercise, and enjoy the said licence, powers
priviledges, and advantages herein-before granted, or mentioned to be granted
unto the said John Kay, his executors, administrators, and assigns, for and
during and unto the full end and term of fourteen years from the date of
these presents next and immediately ensuing, and fully to be compleat and
ended, according to the statute in such case made and provided.
And to
the end that the said John Kay, his executors, administrators, and assigns
and every of them, may have and enjoy the full benefit and the sole use and
exercise of the said Inventions herein-before declared, wee do by these pre-
sents, for us, our heirs and successors, require and strictly command all
and every person and persons, bodies politick and corporate, and all other
our subjects whatsoever, of what estate, quality, degree, name, or condition
soever they be, within that said part of our kingdom of Great Britain
called England, our dominion of Wales, and town of Berwick-upon-Tweed
aforesaid, that neither they nor any of them, at any time during the con-
tinuance of the said term of fourteen years hereby granted, either directly or
indirectly, do make, use, or put in practice the said Inventions, or any part
of the same, so attained unto by the said John Kay as aforesaid, nor in
anywise counterfeit, imitate, or resemble the same, nor shall make, or cause
to be made, any addition thereunto or substraction from the same, whereby to
pretend himself or themselves the inventor or inventors, devisor or devisors,
thereof, without the licence, consent, or agreement of the said John Kay,
his executors, administrators, or assigns, in writing under his or their hands
and seals, first had and obtained in that behalfe, upon such pains and penal-
ties as can or may be justly inflicted on such offenders for their contempt
of this our royal command, and further to be answerable to the said John
Kay, his executors, administrators, and assigns, according to law, for his
and their damages thereby occasioned. And moreover, wee do by these
presents, for us, our heirs and successors, will and command all and singular
the justices of the peace, mayors, sheriffs, bayliffs, constables, headboroughs,
and all other officers and ministers whatsoever of us, our heirs and successors,
for the time being, that they or any of them do not, nor shall at any time
hereafter during the said term hereby granted, in anywise molest, trouble,
or hinder the said John Kay, his executors, administrators, or assigns, or
any of them, or his or their deputies, servants, or agents, in or about the
due and lawfull use or exercise of the aforesaid Inventions, or anything relating
thereto. Provided always, and these our Letters Patent are and shall be

page_text: upon this condition, that if at any time during the said term hereby granted
it shall be made appear to us, our heirs or successors, or any six or more of
our or their Privy Council, that this our grant is contrary to law, or preju-
dicial or inconvenient to our subjects in general, or that the said Inventions
are not new inventions as to the publick use and exercise thereof in that said
part of our kingdom of Great Britain called England, our dominion of Wales,
and town of Berwick-upon-Tweed aforesaid, are not invented and found out
by the said John Kay as aforesaid, then, upon signification or declaration
thereof, to be made by us, our heirs or successors, under our or their signet
or privy seal, or by the lords and others of our or their Privy Council, or any
six or more of them, under their hands, these our Letters Patent shall forth-
with cease, determine, and be utterly void to all intents and purposes, any-
thing herein-before contained to the contrary thereof in anywise notwith-
standing. Provided also, that these our Letters Patent, or anything herein
contained, shall not extend, or be construed to extend, to give priviledge
unto the said John Kay, his executors, administrators, or assigns, or any
of them, to use or imitate any invention or work whatsoever which hath
heretofore been found out or invented by any other of our subjects what-
soever, and publickly used or exercised in that said part of our kingdom of
Great Britain called England, our dominion of Wales, or town of Berwick-
upon-Tweed aforesaid, unto whom like Letters Patents or priviledges have
been already granted for the sole use, exercise, and benefit thereof, it being
our will and pleasure that the said John Kay, his executors, administrators,
and assigns, and all and every other person and persons to whom like
Letters Patents or priviledges have been already granted as aforesaid, shall
distinctly use and practice their several inventions by them invented and
found out, according to the true intent and meaning of the same respective
Letters Patent and of these presents. Provided likewise, nevertheless, and
these our Letters Patent are upon this express condition, that if the said
John Kay, his executors or administrators, or any person or persons which
shall or may, at any time or times hereafter during the continuance of this
grant, have or claim any right, title, or interest, in law or equity, of, in, or
to the power, priviledge, and authority of the sole use and benefit of the said
Inventions hereby granted, shall make any transferr or assignment, or any
pretended transferr or assignment, of the said liberty and priviledge, or any
share or shares of the benefit or profit thereof, or shall declare any trust
thereof to or for any number of persons exceeding the number of five, or
shall
I open, or cause to be opened, any book or books for publick subscriptions,

page_text: to be made by any number of persons exceeding the number of five, in order
to the raising any sum or sums of money under pretence of carrying on the
said liberty or priviledge hereby granted, or shall, by him or themselves, or his
or their agents or servants, receive any sum or sums of money whatsoever
of any number of persons exceeding in the whole the number of five, for such
or the like intents or purposes, or shall presume to act as a corporate body,
or shall divide the benefit of these our Letters Patent, or the liberty and
priviledges hereby by us granted, into any number of shares exceeding the
number of five, or shall committ or do, or procure to be committed or done,
any act, matter, or thing whatsoever during such time as such person or
persons shall have any right or title, either in law or equity, in or to the
said premisses, which will be contrary to the true intent and meaning of a
certain Act of Parliament made in the sixth year of the reign of our late
Royal Father King George the First, entituled (an Act for the better
securing certain powers and priviledges intended to be granted by His
Majesty by two charters for assurance of ships and merchandize at sea,
and for lending money upon bottomry, and for restraining several extrava-
gant and unwarrantable practices therein mentioned), or in case the said
power, priviledge, or authority shall at any time hereafter become vested in
or in trust for more than the number of five persons, or their representatives,
at any one time (reckoning executors or administrators as and for the single
person whom they represent as to such interest as they are or shall be intituled
to in right of such their testator or intestate), that then and in any of the said
cases, these our Letters Patent, and all liberties and advantages whatsoever
hereby granted, shall utterly cease, determine, and become void, anything
herein-before contained to the contrary thereof in anywise notwithstanding.
And, lastly, wee do by these presents, for us, our heirs and successors,
grant unto the said John Kay, his executors, administrators, and assigns,
that these our Letters Patent, or the inrollment or exemplification therefore,
shall be in and by all things good, firm, valid, sufficient, and effectual in
the law, according to the true intent and meaning thereof, and shall be taken,
construed, and adjudged in the most favourable and beneficial sense for the
best advantage of the said John Kay, his executors, administrators, and
assigns, as well in all our courts of record as elsewhere, and by all and
singular the officers and ministers whatsoever of us, our heirs and successors,
in that part of our said kingdom of Great Britain called England, our domi-
nion of Wales, and town of Berwick-upon-Tweed aforesaid, and amongst all
and every the subjects of us, our heirs and successors, whatsoever and where-

page_text: soever, notwithstanding the not full and certain describing the nature or
quality of the said Inventions, or of the materials thereto conducing and
belonging.
In witness, &c. Witness Ourself at Westminster the Twónte fanush