Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 25th Feb., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 8th Apr., 1895-Accepted, 8th Feb., 1896
A communication by THE DUPLEX TYPEWRITER Co., of Des Moines, in the
County of Polk and State of Iowa, United States of America.
I, WILLIAM PRILLIPS THOMPSON F.C.S., M.I.M.E., of The Agency for
Foreign Patent Solicitors, 6 Lord Street, Liverpool, and 6, Bank Street,
Manchester, both in the County of Lancaster, 118 New Street, Birmingham in
the County of Warwick and 31 High Holborn in the County of Middlesex,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to typewriting machines and the object primarily is to
improve different portions thereof, as hereinafter set forth, so that both hands of an
operator can be simultaneously applied on the opposite sides of the centre of the
key-board to prevent passing the hands across the centre of the machine to the
other and as required to avoid the hands from coming in contact with each other
in operating two levers at the same time to simultaneously print two letters in
alignment in a horizontal line upon paper on the platen or roller.
The invention consists in a novel arrangement and combination of alphabets,
numerals and punctuation marks with levers, type-carrying arms, carriage moving
and spacing mechanism, and ribbon-holding and operating mechanism, as hereinafter
set forth.
In carrying the invention into effect a main frame is provided on the top of
which a circular frame is placed to which the type bars are connected in two
distinct series and each series in a semi-circle so that one bar in each series can be
operated at the same time as required to print two letters or characters simul-
taneously by means of keys and levers as hereinafter set forth.
Straight levers corresponding in number with the key stems are connected with
the front ends of the levers and also corresponding in number with the type bars
connected with the circular frame, the two distinct series of type bars and the two
distinct series of levers connected with the type are on opposite sides of the centre
of the circular frame and may be properly termed right and left hand series
because they are adapted to be simultaneously operated by the two hands of
a person.
A lower case alphabet is fixed to the key stems of the levers in the left hand
series, and a corresponding alphabet is fixed to the keys in the right hand series.
An upper case alphabet is also fixed to the key stems of levers in the left hand
series and numerals and punctuation marks to key stems of levers in the right hand
series of the levers. By means of this arrangement of three distinct alphabets and
numerals and punctuation marks, and combination of right and left hand alphabets
or characters, two distinct series of straight levers and two distinct series of type
bars relative to each other and the centre of the circular frame, two letters can be
simultaneously printed by a person without moving either hand across a central
line of the key-board and without bringing the hands in contact with each other,
a desideratum that is essential to the use of both hands at the same time as required
to simultaneously print two letters in alignment in a line extending across a sheet
of paper on the platen -roller.
The type bars are detachably connected with the circular frame, by means of

page_text: hangers, in such a manner that they will be in two semi-circles that are eccentric
to each other as required to produce a distinct centre for each of the right and
left hand series of type bars and to simultaneously print two letters in alignment
by means of two levers, one of which is in the right hand series and the other in
the left hand series.
Each type bar in the right hand series is connected with a lever in the right
hand series and each type bar in the left hand series is connected with a lever in
the left hand series of fevers in such a manner that all the levers in each series
will be in parallel position to each other.
The hangers are quadrangular metal frames and are adapted to be clamped fast
on top of the circular frame to extend radially inwards. Each hanger is adapted
in width to admit two type bars.
A pointed journal is fixed to a type bar and extended into a bearing in the inside
face of a hanger at one end and into a screw threaded perforation in the other side
of the hanger and a screw is provided that has a bearing to admit the pointed end
of the journal and that is fitted and operated in the screw-threaded perforation of
the hanger. A turn of said screw will effect the friction of the journals and
therefore is adapted for regulating the pressure upon the ends of the journal and
to compensate for wear, as required to vibrate the type arm without deviating
from a vertical plane and to maintain perfect alignment.
The type bars thus journalled in pairs within the hangers differ in length and are
jointly adjusted relative to the centre as required to make prints successively at
the same point by adjusting the hangers relative to the frame to which they are
attached by means of screws, and washers.
A vertically moving rod is extended through a perforation in a plate and
connected with the type bar by means of parts as required to actuate the type bar.
The lower end of the rod has an elongated slot through which a lever is extended.
The lever has an integral spring tongue that normally projects out of the plane
of the lever and an integral projection. In passing the lever through the slot in the
rod the tongue bends inward as it goes through the rod and the projection arrests
the further passage of the lever and the tongue then resumes its normal position
and prevents any backward motion of the lever. The lever is thus securely and
detachably connected with the rod without any extraneous fastening device.
A wide flat plate is fixed to arms that extend from the rock shaft that is in
bearings in the frame and connected with the vibrating pawl bearer by means
of a rod so that the pawl bearer will be actuated by means of the rock shaft
to operate pawls relative to the rack carried by the sliding carriage as required
in spacing.
The levers vary in length and each one has a downward projection adapted to
engage the top surface of the plate at different points.
A flat plate is fixed to the rear and lower portion of the frame in a level with
the levers so that the rear ends of said levers engage the under side of said plate
at different points in such a manner that when any one of the said levers is depressed
at its front end the plate will be depressed as required to actuate the pawl bearer
and spacing mechanism in concert with the lever.
Flat plates are fixed to the frame to extend horizontally at different elevations
and to serve as bearers for the perpendicular vertically moving posts.
A flanged plate is pivoted in the pawl bearer and a curved spring is provided
that has its ends connected with the Hanges of the plate in such a manner that it
will engage and press against two pawis jointly pivoted with the plate io overlapping
positions with the pawl bearer by means of a pin.
The upper part of the bifurcated pawl bearer terminates in an integral pawl.
One of the aforesaid pawls has a projection extending from its edge and adapted
to engage the flange on the plate as required to restrict the horizontal motion
of the other pawl. It also has a stud adapted to enter a slot in the first named
pawl in such a manner that the two pawls will have restricted independent
horizontal motion.

page_text: A post is fixed between the overlapping end portions of the pawl bearer that
restricts the motions of the pivoted pawls.
The frame of a sliding carriage is mounted on top of the circular frame and a
rack fixed to the carriage in such a manner as to be engaged by the pawls carried
by the vibrating pawl hearer.
On striking a key to operate a lever the projection presses the plate downward,
and, by means of the rod vibrates the pawl bearer thereby drawing the pawls down
through the rack. And when pressure is relaxed on the key the pawl is thrown
forward by the spring acting upon the flanged plate; and the pawl is also returned
to its normal position by means of the stud that traverses the slot in the pawl and
a spring on the rod elevates the pawl bearer to its normal position and the force
that moves the sliding carriage and rack carried thereby overcomes the force of
the spring as required to retain the pawls in engagement with the rack.
An elongated key place is connected with the plate by means of levers as required
to actuate the spacing mechanism and advance the carriage without at the same
time operating a type bar.
In order to avoid the necessity of two sets of punctuation marks, a device has
been constructed connected with the pawl bearer in such a way that it can be
operated by the pressure of a finger to move the carriage one space to the right.
When a right hand lever is depressed it always strikes the impression letter
connected therewith two spaces to the right of any preceding letter printed by the
operation of a right hand lever. Therefore when it is necessary to punctuate after
a word containing an even number of letters or one in which the right hand lever
has been used for the final letter, the device to throw the carriage to the right one
space is used. This brings the punctuation mark to the proper place. When a
word containing an odd number of letters is to be followed by a punctuation mark,
the final letter and the punctuation can be printed simultaneously by depressing
the levers connected with them at the same instant.
To move the carriage back one space to locate a punctuation mark at the end of
This shaft
a word, a rock shaft has been placed in bearings fixed to the frame.
has an arm extending horizontally at its front end and a finger piece extending
vertically from the end of the arm. An arm is extended upward from the rear
end of the shaft and is connected with an arm of the rock shaft that has its
bearings formed in or fixed to the frame in such a manner that a motion will be
imparted to the shaft and an arm projecting from the top of the shaft will engage
and move the sliding journals of the rocking pawl carrier and when pressure upon
the key is relaxed, a spring fixed to the frame will cause a reverse motion of the
said journal and the pawl carrier and also the carriage connected with the pawl
carrier by means of the pawls carried by the pawl carrier.
A rock shaft in bearings is fixed to the plate and a coiled spring is fixed to the
shaft at one of its ends and to one of the bearers at the other end to produce
torsional pressure upon the spring.
A drum is fixed to a shaft mounted in bearings fixed to the frame and connected
with the sliding carriage by means of a tape.
An arm is fixed to the rock shaft and connected at the top end with the shaft
by means of a cord. When the carriage is moved rearward, the drum is rotated
by means of the tape, and power stored in a spring concealed within the drum
and the cord is wound on the shaft as required to draw the arm towards
that shaft.
Shafts are mounted in bearings fixed on top of the plate and spools are fixed to
these shafts to support and operate an inking ribbon attached thereto at its ends.
The shafts carrying the spools are connected with the arms of the rock shaft in
such a manner that the lateral motions of said arms will move the shafts longi-
tudinally and carry the ribbon on the spools along to adjust the ribbon relative to
the types carried on the ends of the type bars in such a manner that a lateral
motion of the ribbon will occur at each operation of each type bar.
Ribbon supports are connected with the shafts to retain the ribbon elevated in

page_text: such a manner that each type bar will swing upward below the ribbon as required
to print a character by means of the ribbon and type on the end of the bar.
Pawls are pivoted to the bearers to engage ratchet wheels on the shafts as
required to rotate the shafts and move the ribbon longitudinally. To reverse
the ribbon the position of the pawls is reversed on the ratchet wheel by hand.
Intermittent motions are imparted to the ratchet wheels by means of the pawls
carried by the bearers every time a type bar is operated and a lateral motion of
the arm occurs.
From the foregoing description of the construction and function of each element
the unitary actions of the different parts and the practical operation of the complete
machine will be readily understood by persons familiar with the art to which the
invention pertains.
It is obvious that types, characters or letters of any language may be fixed to
the type bars to adapt the machine for printing various languages. It is also
obvious that the type bars of the right hand series and the type bars of the left
hand series may carry signs, characters or letters of two distinct languages so that
the same machine can be used for two languages alternately or simultaneously at
the will of the operator.
Dated this 23rd day of February 1895.
A communication by THE DUPLEX TYPEWRITER Co., of Des Moines, in the
County of Polk and State of Iowa, United States of America.
I, WILLIAM PHILLIPS THOMPSON, F.C.S., M.I.M.E., of The Agency for
Foreign Patent Solicitors, 6 Lord Street, Liverpool, and 6, Bank Street,
Manchester, both in the County of Lancaster 118 New Street, Birmingham in
the County of Warwick, and 31 High Holborn in the County of Middlesex, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to typewriting machines, and the primary object of this
invention is to improve different portions thereof, as hereinafter set forth, so that
both bands of an operator can be simultaneously applied on the opposite sides of
the centre of the key board to prevent passing the hands across the centre of the
machine to the other and as required, to avoid. the hands from coming in contact
with each other in operating two. levers at the same time to simultaneously
print two letters in alignment in a horizontal line upon paper on the platen or
roller.
This invention consists in a novel arrangement. and combination of alphabets,
numerals and punctuation marks with levers, type-carrying arms, carriage moving
and spacing mechanism, and ribbon holding and operating mechanism, as
hereinafter set forth, pointed out in the claims and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings, in which :-
Figure 1 is a plan view showing the relative positions of the alphabets, numerals,
and punctuation marks on the key board and the positions of type bars suspended
to the frame as required to be adapted to print two letters simultaneously in
alignment.
Figure 2 is a vertical longitudinal sectional view of a machine showing
mechanism for operating a type bar, mechanism for supporting and operating an
inking ribbon and mecharism for operating a sliding carriage.

page_text: Figure 3 is a rear view of the ribbon supporting and ribbon moving mechainsm
Figure 4 is a vertical longitudinal sectional view, and
Figure 5, a corresponding horizontal sectional view of a type bar hanger
adapted to support two type bars detachably connected therewith by means of
pointed journals and screws fitted thereto.
Figure 6 is a top view of a portion of the machine frame showing the spacing
mechanism connected with said frame and a sliding carriage.
Figure 7 is a vertical longitudinal sectional view showing mechanism for
operating type bars and spacing mechanism combined.
Figure 8 is a front view of a portion of the machine showing the relative
positions of different parts of the spacing mechanism.
Figure 9 is a sectional view of the pawl bearer showing two pawls jointly and
pivotally connected therewith.
Figure 10 is a top view of a pawl broken off from the pawl bearer.
Figure 11 is a top view of one of the pawls detached from the bearer.
Figure 12 is a top view, and
Figure 13, an edge view of another pawl detached from the bearer shown in-
Figure 9.
Figure 14 is an end view of the machine showing the relative positions of the
different elements shown in the other views.
The letter A is used to designate the main frame of the machine and A² the
circular frame on its top to which the type bars are connected in two distinct
series and each series in a semicircle, so that one bar in each series can be
operated at the same time as required to print two letters or characters simul-
taneously by means of keys and levers as hereinafter set forth.
B are straight levers corresponding in number with the key stems B² connected
with the front ends of the levers and also corresponding in number with the type
bars 133 connected with the circular frame A2. The two distinct series of type
bars and the two distinct series of levers connected with the type bars are on
opposite sides of the centre of the circular frame A2 and may be properly termed
right and left hand series, because they are adapted to be simultaneously operated
by the two hands of a person.
A lower-case of the alphabet is fixed to key stems B of levers B in the left.
hand series and a corresponding letter of the alphabet is fixed to key stems B in
the right hand series.
An upper-case letter of the alphabet is also fixed to the key stems of levers in the
left hand series and numerals and punctuation marks to key stems of levers in the
right hand series of levers B. This arrangement of three distinct alphabets and
numerals and punctuation marks is clearly shown in Figure 1, and, by means of
such arrangement and combination of right and left hand alphabets or characters, .
two distinct series of straight levers and two distinct series of type bars relative
to each other and the centre of the circular frame A2, two letters can be simul- .
taneously printed by a person without moving either hand across a central line of
the key board and without bringing the hands in contact with each other, a.
desideratum that is essential to the use of both hands at the same time as required
to simultaneously print two letters in alignment in a line extending across a sheet
of paper on the platen roller.
The type bars 13 are detachably connected with the circular frame A³, by
means of hangers C, in such a manner that they will be in two semi-circles that are
eccentric to each other as required to produce a distinct centre for each of the
right and left hand series of type bars and to simultaneously print two letters in.
alignment by means of two levers B, one of which is in the right hand series and
the other in the left hand series.
Each type bar B³ in the right hand series is connected with a type lever Bin
the right hand series and cach type lever in the left hand series is connected with
the left hand series of type levers in such a manner that all the levers B in each
series will be in parallel position to each other.

page_text: The hangers C are quadrangular metal frames shaped as shown in Figures 4
and 5 and adapted to be clamped fast on top of the circular frame A2 to extend
radially inwards. Each hanger C is adapted in width to admit two type
bars B³.
C2 is a pointed journal fixed to a type bar B³ and extended into a bearing in
the inside face of a hanger C at one end and into a screw threaded perforation in
the other side of the hanger and C³ is a screw that has a bearing to admit the
pointed end of the journal and that is fitted and operated in the screw-threaded
perforation of the hanger. A turn of said screw will effect the friction of the
journals and therefore is adapted for regulating the pressure upon the ends of the
journal and to compensate for wear, as required to vibrate the type bar without
deviating from a vertical plane and to maintain perfect alignment.
The type bars B3 thus jourualled in pairs within the hangers C differ in length
and are jointly adjusted relative to the centre as required to make prints
successively at the same point by adjusting the hangers relative to the frame A'
to which they are attached by means of screws C, and washers C, as clearly
shown in Figure 4.
F is a vertically moving rod extended through a perforation in the plate J'
(Fig. 2) and connected with the type bar by means of parts F, F3 and F', as
required to actuate the type bar. The lower end of the rod F has an elongated
slot through which a lever B is extended. The lever has an integral spring
tongued that normally projects out of the plane of the lever and an integral
projection d'. In passing the lever B through the slot in the rod F the tongue d
bends inward as it goes through the rod and the projection d' arrests the further
passage of the lever and the tongue d then resumes its normal position and prevents
any backward motion of the lever. The lever is thus securely and detachably
connected with the rod without any extraneous fastening device.
H, Figures 7, 8 and 14, is a wide flat plate fixed to arms H that extend from
a rock shaft H³ that is in bearings in the frame A and connecting with the
vibrating pawl bearer H, by means of a rod H³, so that the pawl bearer will be
actuated by means of the rock shaft H³ to operate pawis relative to the rack
carried by the sliding carriage as required in spacing.
The levers B vary in length and each one has a downward projection B₁ adapted
to engage the top surface of the plate H at different points.
The positions of the fulcrums of the levers 13 thus provided compensate for
their varying lengths as required to make the levers act uniformly in actuating
the type bars and also the pawls that engage the rack.
J is a flat plate fixed to the rear and lower portion of the frame A in a level
with the levers B so that the rear ends of said levers engage the underside of
said plate at different points in such a manner that when any one of the said
levers is depressed at its front end the plate H will be depressed as required to
actuate the pawl bearer and spacing mechanism in concert with the lever B.
J and J, Figure 2, are flat plates fixed to the frame A to extend horizontally
at different elevations and to serve as bearers for the perpendicular vertically
moving posts F.
K is a flanged plate pivoted in the pawl bearer H', and K2 is a curved spring
that has its ends connected with the flanges of the plate, as shown in Figure 9, in
such a manner that it will engage and press against pawls K³ and K* which are
jointly pivoted with the plate K, in overlapping positions with the pawl bearer
by means of a pin K³.
The upper part of the bifurcated pawl bearer H terminates in an integral
pawl K.
The pawl K has a projection K', Figures 9 and 12, extending from its edge
and adapted to engage the flange on the plate K as shown in Figure 9 and as
required to restrict the horizontal motion of the pawl K³. It also has a stud K
adapted to enter a slot K' in the paw! K in such a manner that the two pawls K
and K will have restricted independent horizontal motion.

page_text: K, Figures 9 and 13, is a post fixed between the overlapping end portions
f the pawl bearer H that restricts the motions of the pivoted pawls.
The pawl bearer H vibrates vertically and the integral pawl He has no
orizontal motiou. The pawls K and K carried up and down by the vibrating
bearer H, vibrate horizontally and alternately engage the rack A'. Their
elative positions to each other and the pawl K and the rack A while in practical
se, is clearly shown in a top view thereof in Figure 6, and a side elevation
hereof in Figure 7 in which the pawl bearer is depressed and the rigid pawl K
is in engagement with the rack A as required to allow the sliding carriage A³ to
dvance two spaces while two keys are depressed and two levers thereby actuated
at the same instant as required to print two letters or characters simultaneously;
and when the simultaneous pressure upon the two keys is relaxed the pawl bearer
and pawis resume their normal positions and the under pawl K will be in
engagement with the rack A' and will retain the sliding carriage A³ stationary
until the operator again depresses one or two keys.
It is obvious that the plate K, actuated by the spring K2, is essential in the
control of the horizontally vibrating and overlying pawls K³ and K' as required to
allow them independent and restricted motions relative to the fixed pawl Ke and
the rack A.
A represents the frame of a sliding carriage mounted on top of the circular
frame A, and A' is a rack fixed to the carriage in such a manner as to be engaged
by the pawls carried by the vibrating pawl bearer H.
On striking a key to operate a lever B the projection B presses the plate H
downward, as shown in Figure 7, and, by means of the rod H³, vibrates the pawl
bearer, thereby drawing the pawls K³ and K' down through the rack A4 and the
fixed pawl Kinto engagement with the rack as clearly shown in Figure 6 and as
required to advance the carriage a double space by the operation of a lever B, and
when pressure is relaxed on the key, the pawl K is thrown forward by the
spring Kacting upon the flanged plate K, and the pawl K³ is also returned to its
normal position by means of the stud K that traverses the slot K in the pawl K³
and a spring He on the rod H elevates the pawl bearer to its normal position and
the force that moves the sliding carriage A³ and rack A carried thereby over-
comes the force of the spring Kas required to retain the pawls in engagement
with the rack A'.
It is obvious that the numerals and punctuation marks will generally not be
duplicated in a sentence, or, in other words, printed in juxtaposition to each other
in a line, and hence provision must be made for advancing the carriage a single
space when a lever B is operated to print a numeral or punctuation mark, and this
is effected by making the projection B of each lever B connected with a numeral
or punctuation mark shorter than on the levers B that are connected with right
and left hand alphabets as indicated by a dotted line across the bottom portion of
the projection B (shown in Figure 14) so that when it is desired to advance the
carriage a single space, the depression of the plate H by means of a lever B.
having a short projection B' will be restricted, so that the pawl bearer H* will be
vibrated only sufficiently to release the pawl K' from the rack A' and allow the
pawl K³ to remain in engagement with the rack.
L is an elongated key plate connected with the plate H by means of levers B
as required to actuate the spacing mechanism and advance the carriage A³ without
at the same time operating a type bar B³.
In order to avoid the necessity of two sets of punctuation marks, a device has
been constructed which is connected with the pawl bearer in such
way that it can
be operated by the pressure of a finger to move the carriage one space to the right
and retain it stationary until the finger pressure is relaxed, when the device will
automatically reverse the motion of the carriage and move it one space to the left
and into its normal position relative to the spacing mechanism for moving the
When a right hand
carriage forward, and the levers for operating the type bars.
lever B is depressed it always strikes the impression letter connected therewith

page_text: two spaces to the right of any preceding letter printed by the operation of a right
hand lever B. Therefore when it is necessary to punctuate after a word containing
an even number of letters or one in which the right hand key lever B has been
used for the final letter, the device to throw the carriage A³ to the right one space
is used. This brings the punctuation mark to the proper place. When a word
containing an odd number of letters is to be followed by a punctuation mark the
final letter and the punctuation can be printed simultaneously by depressing the
levers B connected with them at the same instant.
To move the carriage A3 back one space to locate a punctuation mark at the end
of a word, a rock shaft L2 is placed in bearings fixed to the frame A. This shaft
has an arm extending horizontally at its front end and a finger piece L³ extending
vertically from the end of the arm. L' is an arm extending upward from the rear
end of the shaft and is connected, as shown in Figure 8, with an arm R of the rock
shaft L that has its bearings formed in or fixed to the frame A, as shown in
Figure 6, in such a manner that a motion will be imparted to the shaft L' and an
arm 1 projecting from the top of the shaft will engage and move the sliding
journal of the rocking pawl carrier H and when pressure upon the key L³ is
relaxed, a spring.L' fixed to the frame A will cause a reverse motion of the said
journal and the pawl carrier H and also the carriage connected with the pawl
carrier by means of the pawls carried by the pawl carrier. A reciprocal motion is
thus imparted to the carriage by a single finger pressure to facilitate the work of
the typewriting. M, (shown in Figures 2 and 3,) is a rock shaft in bearings M²
fixed to the plate J. M³ is a coiled spring fixed to the shaft M at one of its ends
and to one of the bearers M2 at its other end to produce torsional pressure upon
the spring M³. M is a drum fixed to a shaft M' mounted in bearings fixed to the
frame A and connected with the sliding carriage by means of a tape M.
N is an arm fixed to the rock shaft M and connected at the top end with the
shaft M by means of a cord N When the carriage A³ is moved rearward
the drum M is rotated by means of the tape Me and power stored in a spring
concealed within the drum and the cord N is wound on the shaft M' as required
to draw the arm N towards that shaft.
P are shafts mounted in bearings P2 fixed on top of the plate J³, and P³ are
spools fixed to the shafts P to support and operate an inking ribbon P attached
thereto at its ends. The shafts carrying the spools P³ are connected with the
arms N of the rock shaft M in such a manner that the lateral motions of said arms
will move the shafts P longitudinally and carry the ribbon on the spools along
to adjust the ribbon relative to the types carried on the ends of the type bars in
such a manner that a lateral motion of the ribbon will occur at each operation of
each type bar.
Ps are ribbon supports connected with the shafts to retain the ribbon, elevated
in such a manner that each type bar will swing upward below the ribbon as
required to print a character by means of the ribbon and type on the end of
the bar.
Pare pawls carried by the arms N so as to engage with ratchet wheels P' on
the shafts Pas required to rotate the said shafts and move the ribbon longitudinally.
To reverse the ribbon, the positions of the pawls are reversed on the ratchet wheel
by hand.
Intermittent motions are imparted to the ratchet wheels P7 by means of the
pawls P* every time a type bar B³ is operated and a lateral motion of the arm N
occurs.
The bottom edges of the pawls P that engage the ratchet wheels P', are wide
and slidingly engaged with said wheels and as they are carried by the vibrating
arms N, they move in a curved line (describe an arc) across the wheels and descend
far enough to impart motions to the wheels (see Figure 2). At each forward
motion of the carriage a motion is thus imparted to the wheels and ribbon and
when a sufficient number of intermittent rotary motions are thus imparted to the
wheels and ribbon to wind it from one spool P³ to the other, the movement of the

page_text: ribbon can be readily reversed by simply reversing the positions of the pawls Ps
relative to the wheels P
From the foregoing description of the construction and function of each element
the unitary actions of the different parts and the practical operation of the
complete machine will be readily understood by persons familiar with the art to
which the invention pertains.
It is obvious that types, characters or letters of any language may be fixed to
the type bars to adapt the machine for printing various languages. It is also
obvious that the type bars of the right hand series and the type bars of the left
hand series may carry signs, characters, or letters of two distinct languages so that
the same machine can be used for two languages alternately or simultaneously, at
the will of the operator.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to me
by my foreign correspondent, I declare that what I claim is :-
1. In a type writing machine, mechanism for moving the sliding carriage
backward comprising a rock shaft in a horizontal position having an arm at its
front end and a key on the end of the arm, an arm at the rear end of said rock
shaft, a rock shaft extended at right angles to said horizontal rock shaft and
having an arm at its lower end connected with the arm on the rear end of the
horizontal rock shaft and an arm at its top end connected with the journal of a
sliding pawl carrier, a sliding pawl carrier, a spring for reversing the motion of
the sliding paw! carrier and a sliding carriage connected with the sliding pawl
carrier by means of pawls carried by the pawl carrier, arranged and combined to
operate in the manner set forth for the purposes stated.
2. In spacing mechanism for type writing machines, the combination of a
bifurcated pawl bearer, a spring actuated flanged plate pivoted in the bifurcated
end of the pawl bearer, a pawl adapted to engage a rack rigidly connected with
the pawi bearer, a paul having a projection on its edge to engage one of the
flanges of said pivoted plate and a stud on its top face adapted to traverse a slot in
an overlying pawl and a pawl having a slot to admit said stud, and the two pawls
connected by means of the stud and slot, jointly pivoted with the flanged plate to
the pawl bearer to engage a rack, and a rack carried by a sliding carriage to
operate in the manner set forth, for the purposes stated.
3. In a type writing machine, the arrangement and combination of a sliding
carriage adapted to carry paper, a right hand series of type bars, and a left hand
series of type bars, a right hand scries of levers connected with the right hand series
of type bars, a left hand series of levers connected with the left hand series of type
bars, a right hand alphabet connected with a right hand series of levers and a left
hand alphabet connected with the left hand series of levers to operate one lever of
the right band series by means of the right hand and one lever in the left hand
series with the left hand simultaneously, spacing mechanisin and means for moving
the carriage backward and retaining it stationary by pressing upon a key and
reversing the motion of the carriage by relaxing the pressure upon the key in the
mauner set forth for the purposes stated.
4. In a type writing machine having two common centres and adapted to print
two letters or characters simultaneously, a set of letters or characters on the right
hand side of the key board connected with type bars arranged on the right hand
semi-circle and a set of letters or characters on the left hand side of the key board
connected with type bars arranged on the left side of the key board connected with
type bars arranged on the left hand semi-circle of the machine and a sliding
carriage adapted to carry paper, means for moving the carriage forward by
pressing upon a key, and means for moving a carriage backward and retaining it
stationary by pressing upon a key and reversing the motion of the carriage
by relaxing that pressure to operate in the manner set forth, for the purposes
stated.

page_text: 5. In a duplex type writer adapted for printing two letters or characters
simultaneously, a right hand set of letters located on the right of the centre of the
key board, a left hand set of letters on the left of the centre of the key board,
levers adapted to actuate the spacing mechanism as required to advance a sliding
carriage two spaces at each operation of a lever, mechanism to move a carriage
backward one space and retaining it stationary by pressure upon a key and
reversing the motion of the carriage by relaxing the pressure, spacing mechanism
and a sliding carriage adapted to carry paper, arranged and combined to operate in
the manner set forth, for the purposes stated.
6. In a type writing machine, two sets of type bars and each set having al
-common and distinct focal centre for striking the types carried thereby upon paper
carried by a sliding carriage, a sliding carriage adapted to carry paper, an upper
case and also a lower case alphabet on key stems connected with the left hand set
of type bars, and a lower case alphabet, a series of punctuation marks and a series
of numerals on key stems connected with the right hand set of type bars, spacing
mechanism for advancing the carriage and spacing mechanism for moving the
carriage backward and retaining it stationary by finger pressure upon a key and
advancing the carriage by relaxing that pressure, arranged and combined relative
to each other as and for the purposes shown and describet.
7. A duplex type writing machine comprising a right hand series of levers
having key stems upon which are fixed the letters of a complete alphabet, a left
hand series of levers having key stems upon which are fixed the letters of a
complete alphabet, type bars connected with each series of said levers and
carrying letters or characters corresponding with the letters or characters on the
key stems, and the type bars of the right hand series of levers and the type bars of
the left hand series of levers arranged to strike at two distinct and contiguous
centres, a sliding carriage carrying a platen and a rack, mechanism for engaging
the rack and regulating and spacing the motions of the sliding carriage, means for
moving the carriage backward and retaining it stationary by pressing upon a key
and advancing the carriage by relaxing that pressure, mechanism for supporting
and adjusting an inking ribbon laterally and longitudinally and also reversing its
motion, and means for retaining and adjusting paper on the platen carried by the
sliding carriage, all arranged and combined with a suitable frame work to operate
in the manner set forth for the purposes stated.
Dated this 6th Jan of Al 100