Improvements in the Mode of Connecting by Soldering or Brazing Earthenware and Metallic Pipes or other like Objects for Sanitary, Chemical, or other Purposes.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 18th Jan., 1887.
Complete Left, 5th Aug., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 4th Oct., 1887.
Improvements in the Mode of Connecting by Soldering or Brazing
Earthenware and Metallic Pipes or other like Objects for
Sanitary, Chemical, or other Purposes.
We HENRY WOODCOCK and THOMAS RILEY of 31 Upper Priory, Birmingham, in
the County of Warwick, Sanitary Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
The object of our Invention consists in connecting earthenware pipes, to Iron,
Brass, Copper, Zinc, Lead, or any other metalic pipes, by soldering or brazing the
two together and producing a perfect air tight joint which is particularly useful for
sanitory and chemical purposes, but the same is applicable for any other purpose.
We will describe our Invention as applied to the connection of a Water Closet basin
and trap. The ordinary way of connecting the two together is by puttying around
the joint, or socket, or by screwing the two together.
By our method, we dispense with this arrangement, and connect the two pipes
together, by soldering or brazing in the manner, hereinafter described.
We take a
length of copper wire and coil or wind it around the end of the earthenware pipe
which forms the end of the basin so as to form a helix, the said earthenware pipe being
in its ductile state before it has been burnt.
The helix thus formed becomes embeded into the soft material which forms the pipe.
The earthenware is placed into the kiln and glazed. The glazing covering the wire.
When it is required to connect the earthenware to the metal down pipe of a closet it
is only necessary to file or scrape the glazing off the surface of the wire, and tin
the said wire with solder, the metalic pipe is then readily soldered or brazed to the
earthenware.
We have only thought it necessary to describe our invention in which
copper wire
is used, but we do not limit ourselves to this kind of wire, but any other wires may
be used and of any size or section, or we may use wire rings, sheet metal bands of
any size or section and soldered or brazed as before described.
Dated this 17th day of January 1887.
HENRY WOODCOCK.
THOMAS RILEY.

page_text: Improvements in the Mode of Connecting by Soldering or Brazing
Earthenware and Metallic Pipes or other like Objects for
Sanitary, Chemical, or other Purposes.
We HENRY WOODCOCK, and THOMAS RILEY, of 31 Upper Priory, Birmingham
in the county of Warwick Sanitary Engineers do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to an improved method of connecting earthenware objects to
metallic objects, such for instance as the connecting of earthenware pipes or other
similar parts to metallic pipes &c., for sanitary, chemical, or other purposes, and has
for its object the securing of the earthenware parts to each other, or to metal parts,
by the soldering or brazing process, and the means provided by which such process or
processes can be carried out, and further consists primarily in the providing of a
metallic surface upon, or in, the earthenware object, by means of which it may be
soldered &c. to the metallic object, and afford a perfect air tight joint, which is strong
and in many ways superior to the joints made by the present method, and which is
particularly useful for sanitary and chemical purposes, but which may be also
applicable for any other similar purposes.
We will describe our invention as applied to the connection of a water closet basin
and trap, to an iron soil pipe of air shaft. The ordinary methods of connecting these
two together would be by puttying, or red-leading the joint or socket in combination
with string or hemp &c., or by screwing the two together.
But by our improved method we dispense with this arrangement and as before
intimated connect the two pipes together by the soldering process after the following
manner.
We take a length of copper wire, and coil or wind it around the end of the earthen-
ware pipe which forms the end of the basin (trap) say, in the form of an helix, while
the said earthenware pipe or trap is in a plastic or unburnt condition. The helix thus
formed becomes embedded in the soft material which forms the pipe. The earthen-
ware is then glazed, burnt, or otherwise finished after the ordinary manner, the
glazing covering the metal wire.
When it is desired to connect this earthenware pipe (trap) to the metal down pipe,
or soil or air pipe, we first file or scrape the glazing off the surface of the wire, and
tin the said wire surface with solder, when the said metal pipe may be readily soldered
thereto in the ordinary manner.
In order to explain more clearly this our invention and the manner in which it is
to be performed we have appended hereunto illustrative sheets of drawings upon which
are figures and letters of reference, similar letters throughout the several views, upon
either or all the drawings, referring to the same thing or part.

page_text: wwwy
the connecting of a water closet basin and trap pipe to a lead or metal soil pipe or
air shaft.
Fig. 2 is a similar view to Fig. 1, except that the soil pipe or air shaft is of iron
with metal bush.
Figs. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, & 12, are enlarged details shewing several methods
how the metallic surface may be provided in the manufacture of earthenware
pipes &c.
Fig. 13, illustrates its application to chemical apparatus.
Fig. 14, illustrates its application in uniting earthenware pipes or earthenware taps,
to a leaden or other metallic cistern.
Fig. 15, shews the joining of a series of pipes.
Fig. 16, is a detail of earthenware tap.
a, is the joint. bis the water closet basin. c the earthenware trap pipe. d is a
lead pipe leading to the external pipe and air shaft e.
In preparing the metallic surface f, we may adopt various methods, some of which
are illustrated, but taking for instance that shewn in section in Fig. 1, and in detail
in Figs. 3, 4, 5 & 6, we should proceed somewhat thus-During the process of the
manufacture of the pipe c, while the clay is still in its plastic or unburnt condition we
take a length of brass or copper or other suitable wire, and coil it around the pipe as
shewn at, in Fig. 4. At this stage we find it preferable to protect to some extent
the wire during the burning or baking process, because should the heat be to great or
to sudden, it may deteriorate the quality of the metal and render it unfit for the
subsequent soldering process. This we may do by laying over the said metal a thin
coating of clay, black lead, or other suitable substance, or in some cases merely a
coating of the glaze used for the pipe will be sufficient. The pipe c is then burnt and
finished after the usual manner.
When the said earthenware pipe c, is about to be connected to the lead pipe d, We
first scrape off the protecting coating surface upon the metal so that as seen in Fig. 3,
a clean metallic surface shall be presented which is then tinned &c. ready for soldering.
We then as is usual scrape the end of the lead pipe d, so as to present a clean metallic
surface and generally we should enlarge the end of the leaden pipe d, to receive
within it, the end of the pipe e, as shewn in Fig. 1.
An ordinary wiped, or other soldered joint a, may then be made which firmly
unites the two pipes together without the possibility of leakage, if the joint is
correctly made.
In Fig. 2, we illustrate a similar joint made whereby the earthenware pipe c, is
connected to an iron pipe d¹. In some instances we may as is sometimes done in
ordinary practice tin the end of an iron pipe and then proceed as before described,
but in Fig. 2, and in detail Fig. 11, we illustrate a method of inserting in the end of
the iron pipe, a metal bush h, having its exposed end tinned ready for the soldering
process.
This bush may be secured within the iron pipe by any ordinary method, such as
rivetting, caulking, or shrinking &c. This being done the joint may be made
similarly as before described.
In Fig. 5, we illustrate how this our metallic surface, may be provided by means
of a short length of metal tube i, passed on to the pipe c, while as before in its soft
unburnt condition, while in Fig. 6, we form this metallic surface f, by a series of
metallic tubular rings j.
Again in Fig. 7, the metal tube i, is placed upon the end of the pipe c. In this
method it would in some cases be sufficient to heat the metal tube or a ring i, and
shrink it on to the pipe c, after such pipe had been burnt and finished, or it may be
cemented thereon.
Further Fig. 8, illustrates another form of metallic ring k, embedded in the clay
before burning, in order to provide the necessary metallic surface for the soldering
process.

page_text: In Fig. 9, this metallic surface is provided by means of the metal bush or ring 1,
which is similarly embedded in the clay before the burning process.
Fig. 10, shews a still further form of metallic ring m, which is treated in the same
manner.
In Fig. 13, we have illustrated how this our invention may be applied to chemical
apparatus, such for instance as in the manufacture of Sulphuric Acid, wherein n, n,
are retorts, from which extend porcelain arins or pipes o, such pipes being connected
to a lead pipe p.
The metallic surface having being provided similarly as before described in reference
to Figs. 1 to 12 inclusive, the joint a is made connecting it to the pipe p, in a similar
manner as in Fig. 1.
In Fig. 14, we illustrate its application for the connection of an earthenware
pipe g, to the side of a leaden or other metallic cistern, the metallic soldering
surfaces, being provided, prepared and carried out similarly as before described.
In some cases it is necessary to attach to metal cisterns &c. earthenware taps or
other similar fittings, hence in Fig. 14, we have illustrated how this may be carried
out, which will be clearly understood from previous explanation, being the tap, the
metallic surface, (see also Fig. 16,) and a, the joint made.
A number or series of pipes, earthenware to earthenware, or, earthenware to metal,
may be connected up to each other similarly as shown in Fig. 15, the joints being
prepared and made as herein before described, or, in some instances these joints may
be made as shown in Fig. 12, having flanges, with the metallic surface, provided
upon their face, which when cleaned and tinned &c. afford ready means for soldering
the pipes together, when the solder may be "sweated" between such faces.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this our
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
1st. The Improvements in the mode of connecting by soldering or brazing carthen-
ware and metallic pipes, or other like objects for sanitary, chemical or other purposes
herein before described and illustrated, that is to say:- The providing and preparing
of a metallic surface upon earthenware objects, for the purpose of soldering or brazing
process, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
2nd. The connecting of earthenware pipes or other fittings to iron, brass, copper,
zine, lead or other metal pipes or constructions by a soldering or brazing process
substantially as herein setforth and illustrated.
Dated this 4th day of August 1887.
CHARLES T. POWELL,
4, Cherry Street, Birmingham,
Applicants' Agent.