matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY CHAIRS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Hamilton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
October 1868.
I, ROBERT HAMILTON, of Auchinhcath, Lesmahagow, in the County
of Lanark, North Britain, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY CHAIRS," to be as follows,
that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object to dispense with the ordinary wooden
keys used for fastening rails in railway chairs and which require such
constant attention, and also to support the rail by suspension in a
satisfactory manner and so that the bottom of the rail will not rest
upon and be injured by the bottom of the chair; and the Invention
consists in making the chair in two halves, which are connected together
by a hinge or other suitable connection under the rail. The jaws are
both shaped to fit the web of the rail and without the bottom of the

page_text: rail touching, so that the rail is suspended, and the bottom does not
become injured by striking the chair, whilst from the position of the
hinge or connection the downward pressure of passing trains tends to
make the jaws grip the more firmly.
IMPROVE MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SMOKING PIPES
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Holmes, of Mark's Gate, near Romford,
in the County of Essex, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVE
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SMOKING PIPES."
Sealed the 7th May 1869, and dated the 11th November 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Holmes at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 11th November 1868.
I, FREDERICK HOLMES, of Mark's Gate, near Romford, in the County
of Essex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SMOKING PIPES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object the cleaning and freeing of smoking
pipes from the essential oil of tobacco and other deleterious substances;
and consists in making an orifice at the end of the pipe in continuation

page_text: of the tube and fixing a plug therein, which is made removeable for the
purpose of cleaning. This pipe, which the Inventor designates "the
main drainage pipe," can be readily cleaned at both ends by removing
the plug, and the essential oil may be discharged by blowing through
the tube whilst the pipe is charged and lighted without disturbing the
tobacco or extinguishing the same. It is more economical than ordinary
pipes, since the tobacco can be completely consumed by reason of the
moisture being all drawn away; all stoppages of the pipe moreover
are also entirely obviated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ARRANGEMENTS AND APPARATUS FOR TRAPPING AND VENTILATING IN CONNECTION WITH DRAIN OR OTHER PIPES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Honeyman, at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
6th February 1868.
I, JOHN HONEYMAN, junior, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, Architect, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ARRANGEMENTS AND APPARATUS FOR
TRAPPING AND VENTILATING IN CONNECTION WITH DRAIN OR OTHER PIPES,"
to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to an improved pipe trap, and to improved
arrangements in connection therewith for more effectually preventing
the passage of foul air from drains or sewers into houses, for cleansing
the trap, and for ventilating both sides of it, whilst convenient arrange-
ments may also be combined therewith for ventilating houses. The
improved pipe trap may also be used in chemical or other manufacturing
operations wherein liquids have to be passed through pipes through
which the egress of gas has to be prevented.
The improved pipe trap may be made in earthenware or metal. It is
formed with four openings, two of which for the connection of the
pipes leading to and from it are at opposite ends and are directed

page_text: horizontally; the two other openings are in the top, one on each
side of the tongue or dipping part, whilst the bottom is hollowed out
with an easy curvature to form the usual recess to retain water, the
contact of which with the tongue forms the seal or trap. The top
opening on what may be termed the drain or sewer side of the tongue
is for the escape of foul air into the external atmosphere, so as to
prevent accumulation of pressure which would force its way past
the trap, and this opening may communicate directly with the surface
or with pipes or flues carried to any height. The top opening on what
may be termed the house side of the tongue gives access for thorough
cleansing of the trap, and also in one modification admits fresh air
by the house pipe into the house. The trap may be buried at any
convenient depth below the surface, and communication with the top
openings may be obtained by means of direct vertical pipes.
In a second modification of the ventilating arrangements a vertical
pipe connected to the top opening on the house side of the trap is made
with a branch which is put in communication with a flue built in the
house wall adjacent to the ordinary smoke flues. An upward air
current will be produced in this flue, and will have the effect of
drawing air down the soil or waste pipe from the house, and thus
promote ventilation by means completely preventing the ingress of
foul air. Closo or perforated covers may be adapted to the top
openings or to pipes in connection with them.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CENTRAL- FIRE CARTRIDGES FOR BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Ludlow at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th October
1868.
I, EDWIN LUDLOW, of the Firm of Edwin and Alfred Ludlow, of
Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturers, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CENTRAL-
FIRE CARTRIDGES FOR BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in constructing central-fire cartridges for
breech-loading fire-arms in the manner herein-after described.
In central-fire cartridges as ordinarily constructed the head or base
of the cartridge is supported or strengthened by a wad, or by pulp
placed inside the said head or base of the cartridge, and the cup or
tube in which the anvil and percussion cap are placed is introduced
into its place in the base of the cartridge from the outside.
In constructing cartridges according to my Invention I place the
pulp or wad outside the metallic head or base of the case containing
the gunpowder, and I make the cup or tube for holding the anvil and
percussion cap in one piece with the metallic case of the cartridge.

page_text: I construct and arrange the parts of a cartridge in the following
manner: I take a metallic tube closed at one end, and raise at its
closed end a neck somewhat less in diameter than the cup or tube
for containing the anvil and percussion cap. I place upon the shoulder
of the said neck the wad or pulp, and upon that the rim or flange of
the cartridge. By means of dics and tools I pierce or open the end
of the neck, and expand the said neck throughout nearly its whole
length, leaving an unexpanded portion to form an internal shoulder.
I also open out the mouth of the neck so as to fix in their places the
rim or flange and the pulp or wad surrounding the said neck. The
anvil and percussion cap are dropped through the open end of the cup
or chamber thus made and fixed in the ordinary way; or the anvil may
be introduced from the inside and made to project through the con-
tracted part of the cup or chamber into that part in which the percussion
cap is placed. Instead of discharging the cartridge by means of a loose
percussion cap introduced into the cup or neck from the open end the
cup or neck may be left closed at its top, and the interior of the said
closed top of the cup or neck may be primed with priming or percussion
powder. In this arrangement the anvil is introduced into the closed
cup or neck from the inside, as last described. The rim or flange and
wad or pulp of the cartridge in this arrangement are fixed on the outside
of the closed cup or neck by flattening and expanding the top of the
said cup or neck by dies and tools. The powder case of the cartridge
may be made wholly of metal, or partly of metal and partly of paper
or other non-metallic material. By constructing cartridges according
to my Invention the blowing of a portion of the powder between the
pulp or wad and the base of the cartridge, which occurs in cartridges
of the ordinary construction, is avoided, and great simplicity in manu-
facture is secured.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOBBIN FRAMES FOR CARPET LOOMs
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Lamb and Samuel Tovey
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 5th May 1868.
WC, JOHN LAMB, of Kidderminster, in the County of Worcester,
Machinist, and SAMUEL TOVEY, of the same Place, Auctioneer, do
hereby declare the nature of our said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
BOBBIN FRAMES FOR CARPET LOOMs," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object a cheap and simple mode or method
of imparting the requisite friction or drag to the bobbins containing the
yarn employed in the weaving of Brussels and other like carpets, and
consists essentially in dispensing with the pins, pegs, or axes, hitherto
used, and which are passed through the centre of each bobbin, and rests
in slots or notches cut in the frame. In lieu of this arrangement the
bobbins according to our Invention rest at their flanges upon inclined
or curved bearing surfaces of wood, metal, or other suitable material,
secured to or formed on the sides of the frame, additional surfaces or
projections acting as friction surfaces being also fitted to the inner sides
of the frame, so as to bear against the peripheries of both flanges of the
several bobbins either in the front or back thereof, and at or about the

page_text: height of the centre of the bobbins. By thus dispensing with all slots or
notches in the frames their strength is increased, and the cost of con-
struction reduced. We sometimes propose to make the friction surfaces
adjustable either together or separately towards or from the bobbin
flanges by the aid of adjusting screws, wedges, cams, or otherwise,
whereby we are enabled to apply any amount of friction required upon
the flanges of the bobbins to suit the particular yarn in use, or the
position or inclination of the frame. The bearing surfaces upon which
the flanges of the bobbin rest may also be adjustable so as to vary
their angle or inclination according to circumstances. The ordinary
or other weights and guide wires are employed in the usual manner for
maintaining the required tension of the yarns.
IMPROVEMENTS:.. IN MACHINERY FOR ACTUATING STRAW. SHAKERS. AND, VIBRATORY SCREENS OR RIDDLES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Hayes and Josiah Hayes:.
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,..
on the 22nd June 1868.
We, JAMES HAYES, the elder, and JOSIAH HAYES,. both. of the Overend
Iron Works, Elton, in the County of Huntingdon, Machine Makers,.
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention. for "IMPROVEMENTS:..
IN MACHINERY FOR ACTUATING STRAW. SHAKERS. AND, VIBRATORY SCREENS OR
RIDDLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar mechanical arrangement for-
transmitting a rapid vibratory motion. to the shaker bars of straw.
shakers and to the screens or riddles of vibratory screening apparatus;
and is particularly applicable to the machinery. for. shaking,, riddling,
raising, and delivering straw and other like agricultural produce for
which we obtained Letters Patent, bearing date the 16th day of April.
1866, No. 1072.
According to this Invention we propose to employ a boss or cylindrical !
cam fast on a spindle and having a cam groove cut on the cylindrical'
surface thereof, in which groove works an antifriction roller carried on
one end of a lever, which thereby receives its vibrations from the said
-
:

page_text: The said cam groove is cut in such a manner that for every
. revolution of such cylindrical cam one, two, or more double vibrations
will be imparted to the vibrating lever, and hence a rapid vibratory
motion is obtained, which may be transmitted from the lever in any
convenient manner either to shaker bars, or to vibrating screens or
riddles, or both, as the case may be. In lieu of a groove being made
in the cylindrical surface of the cam or boss it is obvious that a pro-
jecting rib of an undulating or zig-zag form may be made on the said
surface, and be caused to engage in a forked end of the vibrating, lever
between a pair of antifriction rollers carried by the said lever.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ARRANGEMENTS OR APPARATUS FOR WATERING AND CLEANSING STREETS AND ROADS, AND IN THE APPLICATION OF APPARATUS FOR REMOVING SNOW TO OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Sim at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th May
1868.
I, WILLIAM SIM, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Contractor, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ARRANGEMENTS OR APPARATUS FOR WATERING AND CLEANSING
STREETS AND ROADS, AND IN THE APPLICATION OF APPARATUS FOR REMOVING SNOW
TO OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements for the developing the system
or arrangements described in the Provisional Specification lodged with
an application for Letters Patent by the present applicant on the 26th
day of November 1867, No. 3337, 1867. By the present Invention when
perforated pipes are permanently laid at the sides of the street for
watering purposes it is proposed to water at the crossings or wherever
circumstances require the interruption of the fixed piping by means of
a length of flexible tubing or hose pipe coupled to a fire-cock or hydrant
and having attached at its free end a tubulated spray pipe to be held
by a street keeper and to be directed so as to throw the spray where
required. This tubulated spray pipe is simply a straight or curved tube

page_text: of a convenient length and having one or more rows of perforations.
By the present Invention also the application of the flexible tubing and
tubulated spray pipe may be used over the whole street or road and so
as to dispense with all permanently fixed perforated pipes. The spray
pipe may be mounted on a tripod stand or on a wheeled truck, and a
wheeled truck may be provided for carrying the tubing, and such truck
may be fitted with a reel or other appliance for winding and unwinding
the tubing as required.
Another improvement comprised in the present Invention relates to
the travelling furnace described as for melting snow in the Provisional
Specification herein-before referred to, and consists in applying it for
drying or desiccating road scrapings, manure, or other materials, with
which view slides or shutters will be provided for closing the apertures
described as for the escape of the melted snow. With this additional
useful application of the apparatus the cost of it will be much less
compared with its utility than if used merely for treating snow, for
which it would be required at rare intervals only. Mud or earth may
be dried by the apparatus in this way for use as a deodorising agent in
earth closets. Manure may be deoderised by the application of suitable
chemical substances prior to its being dried in the manner indicated,
and will then form a valuable portable manure for agricultural
purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHUTTLES FOR LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Bury and John Robert
Bury at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 21st February 1868.
We, THOMAS BURY and JOHN ROBERT BURY, both of Blackburn, in
the County of Lancaster, Shuttle Makers, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SHUTTLES FOR LOOMS FOR
WEAVING," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the peg of shuttles for looms for weaving,
and consists in constructing the spring of such peg in such manner
that the said spring part may be expanded or in operation only when
the peg is closed in the shuttle, which we effect as follows:-The
spring half of the peg is extended, and its loose end is cranked or
bent so as to pass through a slot hole in the "head" of the peg,
on the lower side of which the end of the cranked part projects, so
that when the peg is down or closed in the shuttle the projecting
end of the spring bears on the "shuttle spring" of the shuttle and

page_text: thus forces up or expands the peg spring. On the peg being raised
for the reception of another cop, the pressure on the projecting end
of the peg spring being removed, the said spring collapses or lays to
the peg and permits the ready replacement of the cop.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY TRUCKS OR VEHICLES
Year: 1868

page_text: ⋅
PROVISIONAL. SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd June 1868.-A. communication from abroad by David M Far-
land, of the City and County of Worcester, and Commonwealth
of Massachusetts, United States of America.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY TRUCKS OR VEHICLES," a
communication to me from abroad by David M Farland, of the City
and County of Worcester, and Commonwealth of Massachusetts, United
States of America, to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in applying to the axle or journal of a railway
vehicle of a guard or protector consisting either of a pair of clamping.
pieces of wood or other suitable material made to bear on each side
of the axle between the wheels. These clamping pieces are firmly.
secured to cross supports which are in turn fastened to the main side
pieces of the framing. By the use of these clamping pieces the axle
cannot become immediately displaced in case of breakage but will be
for a time maintained in position. It is also proposed to use in com-..

page_text: bination with these clamping pieces a tubular metal guard or protector,
which entirely encloses the axle, leaving sufficient clearance all round
to permit of the axle rotating freely therein. This tubular guard fits
at each end into recesses made in the hubs of the wheels, and the
clamping pieces before mentioned bear against opposite sides of the
tubular guard in lieu of against the axle itself. A slight distance
above each wheel of the truck or vehicle there is fitted a wheel shield
or cover, which is firmly bolted to the main framing, so that should
an axle break the body of the carriage will only descend or fall on to.
the tops of the wheels and will be supported thereby. The wheels are-
maintained in an upright position after a breakage of an axle by sup-
porting pieces forming part of the main framing, such supporting pieces.
extending across the outside and inside faces of the wheels so as to
support them in case of accident.. The extreme outer ends of the axles.
are provided with journals, which work in boxes or bearings in the
outside supporting pieces above referred to..
IMPROVED MEANS OF PREPARING WOOL OR OTHER FIBRE FOR FEEDING SAME TO CARDING ENGINES AND CONDENSERS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Scholes and Jabez Leach
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 21st November 1868.
We, JOHN SCHOLES, of Huddersfield, in the County of York, Woollen
Yarn Spinner, and JABEZ LEACH, of the same Place, Slubber, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS OF
PREPARING WOOL OR OTHER FIBRE FOR FEEDING SAME TO CARDING ENGINES AND
CONDENSERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to means and apparatus for treating wool or
other fibre after being partly carded by the machine known as the
"scribbler," to prepare it to be fed to either the second carding engine
or the condenser carding engine. We employ any ordinary means
for forming the fibre into roping as it is stripped from the doffer cylinder
of the scribbler; this roping is then passed between two pairs of rollers
(supported on suitable framing) which deliver the same upon an endless
travelling belt which conducts the said roping from the rollers to a
certain distance when the first pair of rollers remain stationary while
the other pair continue to rotate, whereby the roping is broken, or a

page_text: length is separated from the remainder. This belt is mounted in a
frame or trough having an axis or pivot at each end, upon which it
can turn over and deposit the length of roping (thus severed) into one
of a series of troughs or buckets mounted upon two endless chains,
which troughs deposit the same on an endless lattice sheet or travelling
apron at suitable times (according to arrangement) so as to lay a series
of the several lengths side by side, and joined end to end thereon in regular
order, such sheet or apron carrying them forward and presenting them
to be wound upon a suitable sized bobbin which rotates by the surface
contact of a rotating roller. When the bobbin is full of the ropings it
is removed, and an empty bobbin introduced to be filled in like manner
and so on. These bobbins are then placed on the creeper or feeding
apron of the carder or condenser in suitable bearings so that the said
ropings are unwound from the bobbin and fed to the machine in direct
lines at right angles to the axes of the card cylinders and rollers thereof,
the fibre being thus presented endwise thereto.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF AND MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR INDICATING A SHIP'S COURSE AND PREVENTING COLLISIONS AT SEA
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Sacheverell Gisborne at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 24th February 1868.
I, JOHN SACHEVERELL GISBORNE, of Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Electrical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF AND MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR
INDICATING A SHIP'S COURSE AND PREVENTING COLLISIONS AT SEA," to be as
follows:-
For the purpose of enabling persons on board ship to ascertain with
certainty at night the course an approaching or distant ship is being
steered, and thereby releiving ship masters and others from that anxiety
universally felt in consequence of the difficulty of discriminating as to the
lights as now used, and also greatly lessening the chances of and danger
from collisions, I employ as a mode of exhibiting lights of an easily
distinguished character the motion of the rudder or parts used to move
the rudder during the ordinary steering.
In carrying my Invention into operation I place a fixed or moveable
light on one or more exposed part or parts of a ship, and give motion to
the lantern surrounding such light, or to a screen surrounding the

page_text: lantern from the said rudder or parts. This motion brings round and
exposes to view a colored light corresponding to the position the rudder
occupies.
The means or apparatus which I employ to transmit motion from the
rudder consists of hydraulic or pneumatic pressure, or wires, ropes,
chains, rods, and bevel wheels or other parts; the mechanism I prefer
however is an endless metallic wire of the kind patented by me in 1864
for signalling on board ship placed around the rudder head and led
forward over pullies around a spindle or its equivalent whereon the
lantern or screen is fixed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COCKS OR TAPS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Henry Robinson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
6th November 1868.
I, ARTHUR HENRY ROBINSON, of Clyde Road, in the County of
Dublin, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COCKS OR TAPS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in cocks or taps
suitable for supplying house cisterns direct from the main, and for
affording the usual supply for domestic use also direct from the main,
one cock or tap performing both duties.
According to one mode of carrying out this Invention the body of
the improved tap is provided with three branches, one leading direct
from the main and provided with a spherical or other valve composed
of cork, vulcanized india-rubber, metal, or other suitable material for
opening and closing the communication, another leading to the rising
main for supplying the house cistern, and the third affording the requisite
supply for ordinary domestic purposes, as may be required. The valve
is opened by a rod or spindle, which passes through an opening in the

page_text: front of the tap, and is connected to an internal screwed cap which
screws on to an external screwed boss forming part of the body of the
tap, the said cap being provided with the usual crutch for turning
the same. By this arrangement no stuffing box is required, it being
simply necessary to place a packing ring or washer between the end
of the cap and the shoulder against which it is forced when screwed
home, in which position the valve will be full open. The branch which
conveys the water for ordinary domestic purposes should be provided
either with a screwed plug or with an ordinary bib cock for the purpose
of preventing the flow of water through it when it is desired to direct
the water solely into the rising main for supplying the cisterns. The
cisterns having been supplied the valve is closed again and the plug or
bib cock withdrawn or opened, whereupon the rising mains will of
necessity immediately empty themselves and must remain empty,
consequently all liability to their bursting by frost will be prevented.
The use of the screwed plug or bib cock will only be required once a
day, after which the tap will always be ready for affording a supply
of water for ordinary domestic purposes direct from the main. Where
a rising main is not used the improved tap will consist only of two.
branches, namely, the inlet and outlet, but the valve and the mode of
opening the same will be similar to that herein-before described. If
desired the single valve, herein-before referred to as being fitted in the
branch or inlet leading direct from the main may be dispensed with and
an additional plug or cock fitted in lieu thereof into the branch leading
to the rising mains.
A NEW OR IMPROVED APPLIANCE FOR HOT BLAST WATER TUYERES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Cochrane at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
February 1868.
I, CHARLES COCHRANE, of Woodside Iron Works, near Dudley, in the
County of Worcester, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "A NEW OR IMPROVED APPLIANCE FOR HOT BLAST WATER TUYERES," to be
as follows:-
In hot blast water tuyeres the circulating cold water exercises so
great a cooling effect upon the blast that the temperature of the latter
is very sensibly reduced in passing through the tuyere, resulting in a
corresponding loss of its effectiveness.
Now my present Invention consists in the insertion into the tuyere,
between its surface and that of the blast pipe, of a tapering cylinder of a
refractory material that is a good non-conductor of heat, such as burnt
fire-clay, by which means the aforesaid cooling effect of the circulating
water upon the blast is almost entirely prevented.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUSES FOR PREVENTING INCRUSTATIONS FROM COLLECTING ON THE SIDES, FLUES, OR TUBES OF STEAM OR OTHER BOILERS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George White at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
September 1868.-A communication from abroad by Mr. Josef
Popper, of Vienna, Austria.
I, GEORGE WHITE, of 68, Queen Street, Cheapside, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUSES FOR PREVENTING INCRUSTATIONS FROM
COLLECTING ON THE SIDES, FLUES, OR TUBES OF STEAM OR OTHER BOILERS," a
communication to me from abroad by Mr. Josef Popper, of Vienna,
Austria, to be as follows:-
The Invention relates to apparatuses for preventing incrustations from
collecting on the sides, flues, or tubes of steam or other boilers. These
apparatuses consist of sheet iron or other metal lining which in ordinary
boilers is fixed over the entire length of these latter at a small distance
apart against the lower part of their inner surface, the upper end of
which lining extends at a small distance above the normal level of the
water of the boiler. Small holes are pierced in the lower part of the
lining, in each of which holes a corresponding short tube is inserted,
whilst a layer of iron turnings, pebbles, or other suitable heavy materials

page_text: is provided in this part of the lining and serves as a collector for the
incrustating matters. The object of the lining is to procure a con-
tinuous motion in the water of the boiler, the steam generated by the
water in the canal or space existing between the lining and the inner
surface of the boiler driving up the water arriving in this canal and
lifting this water gradually over the upper end of the lining into that
in the inside of this lining, whilst the incrusting matters subside on
the layer of pebbles or other heavy materials provided in the lower part
of this lining. For boilers with internal flues besides the lining of the
boiler each flue is provided with its lining. For locomotive or other
tubular boilers sheet metal plates resting in a slanting tangential manner
against the series of tubes are inserted in the boiler between the said
tubes, the upper end of which plates extends above the normal level of
the water in the boiler. By the effect of the steam evolved in the
angular spaces existing between the tubes and the plates these latter will
alternately be lifted up and by their own weight fall back against the
tubes, a suitable motion will thereby be imparted to the water and the
incrustating matters be prevented from depositing on the tubes but will
subside on a layer of pebbles or other suitable heavy materials provided
in the lower part of the boiler.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR DRESSING MILLSTONES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Evans and John Bruce
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 7th May 1868.
We, ROBERT EVANS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Miller, and JOHN BRUCE, of Birmingham, aforesaid, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
OR APPARATUS FOR DRESSING MILLSTONES," to be as follows:-
Our said Invention consists of the combination or arrangement of
parts herein-after described of machinery or apparatus for dressing
millstones, by the use of which said machinery or apparatus the mill-
stones may be rapidly dressed or have made upon them a series of fine
parallel lines.
We construct a machine or apparatus for dressing millstones in the
following manner:-We fix upon a suitable framing a shaft or axle to
which a rapid rotation can be given either by hand, or by steam, or
other motive power; a crank or excentric on this shaft gives a rapid
reciprocating motion to a connecting rod. The said connecting rod
is jointed to an arm sliding in suitable guides, and the said connecting
rod gives to the said arm a rapid reciprocating rectilinear motion in a

page_text: horizontal plane. The free end of the said arm has a diamond fixed
on its under side, and when the machine is applied to the millstone to
be dressed and properly adjusted and.set into operation it produces by
the rapid reciprocating motion of the diamond a fine groove of the
required depth. After the cutting of one groove the arm carrying the
diamond is moved so as to cut another parallel groove, and so on until
all the grooves in one "quarter" are cut without shifting the machinery
or apparatus. Instead of using one diamond the arm described may be
provided with two or more diamonds so as to enable the machinery or
apparatus to cut two or more grooves at the same time.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING ENGINES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nathaniel Clayton Underwood
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 24th June 1868.
I, NATHANIEL CLAYTON UNDERWOOD, of the Hyde Road Ironworks,
Gorton, in the County of Lancaster, Mechanical Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING
ENGINES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to that portion of a carding engine employed
in the preparation of cotton, flax, or other fibrous materials which is
well known as the "doffer," and consists in an improved arrangement
of parts employed to give motion to the said "doffer." To the end of the
"comb stock" is secured a crank or lever through which the motion
is imparted to the "comb stock" and thereby to the "doffing comb,"
the said crank or lever being slotted, that is to say, having a rectangular
or nearly rectangular opening formed with parallel sides entirely through
the arm of the said crank or lever. A pair of steps are fitted into the
above-mentioned opening and are arranged to slide to and fro in the
said opening to a certain extent when in action, the said steps being

page_text: bored conically. A conically turned excentric or crank pin is fixed,
cast, or otherwise formed upon a shaft, the said excentric or crank pin
being fitted to revolve in the above-mentioned steps, the arrangement
being such as that on imparting a suitable speed of revolution to the
shaft on which is fixed the said excentric the doffer is caused to
reciprocate, and that on the fit of the steps in the crank or lever and
of the excentric in the steps having become slack through wear the
"slack" can be readily "taken up" by shifting the "comb stock"
endwise in its bearings in a suitable direction, or by similarily shifting
the excentric or the shaft on which it is fixed or formed. It is preferred
that the apparatus above described be immersed or partially immersed
in oil or other suitable lubricant when in operation.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR MOWING OR REAPING GRASS OR GRAIN CROPS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Philp Wills, Edmund
Harvey Cardell, and Thomas Francis Wills at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 17th June
1868.
We, JOHN PHILP WILLS and EDMUND HARVEY CARDELL, both of
South Petherwin, in the County of Cornwall, and THOMAS FRANCIS
WILLS, of 21, Princes Square, Bayswater, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR MOWING OR REAPING GRASS OR GRAIN CROPS,"
to be as follows:-
Instead of the reciprocating knives now employed in such machines we
use revolving cutters serrated at the edge or otherwise adapted to the
cutting of straw or grass, and of any convenient shape. These cutters
are placed in a row along one side of a finger plate, which finger plate
stands in the same position, and performs the same functions as the
finger plate now used with the common reciprocating knives, that is, to
retain the grass or straw in position whilst exposed to the action of the
knives or revolving cutters. This finger plate supports the pivots or
axles on which the cutters revolve, which pivots or axles will also be

page_text: supported in position, if found necessary, by an additional parallel plate
on the top, and the revolution of the cutters is effected either by bands
or any other kind of connecting gear, by means of which a rotary motion
may be communicated to the cutters by the supporting wheels or drums
on which the apparatus is placed. In short, we make no changes in the
present arrangements of such machines, except such as are necessary to
secure a proper revolving motion in a horizontal plane or planes to those
cutters which we substitute for the present reciprocating knife.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF OVENS OR KILNS FOR DRYING AND FIRING OR BURNING BRICKS, TILES, EARTHENWARE, OR OTHER SIMILAR MATERIALS, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Harrison at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
November 1868.
I, WILLIAM HARRISON, of Fenton, in the County of Stafford, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF OVENS OR KILNS FOR DRYING AND FIRING OR BURNING BRICKS,
TILES, EARTHENWARE, OR OTHER SIMILAR MATERIALS, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED
THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
In carrying out my Invention I construct the oven or kiln in the form
of a long tunnel provided with a chimney or flue at or near one end.
The floor of the oven or kiln is provided with a tramway or rails upon
which travel wagons, which are made of sufficient strength to carry (say)
two thousand bricks each. These wagons are fastened together, and the
interstices filled with earth or other suitable material, so that cold air
cannot pass upwards between them. The sides of the wagons next to
the walls of the oven are provided with longitudinal strips of sheet iron
running in grooves containing sand for the same purpose. The end
nearest to the chimney being closed and the other end opened the kiln
is fired (with "slack") through holes or perforations in the roof at or

page_text: near the centre, which draws in the cold air at one end, heats it, and
drives it out at the other. The bricks or other articles are thus gradually
dried and burned, and as soon as the operation is completed on that
portion of bricks or other articles nearest the chimney the door at that
end is opened and the train of wagons pushed forward, so as to thrust
the first wagons out at that end whilst fresh wagons are introduced at
the other; this operation is repeated from time to time, and thus the
whole process goes on without intermission so long as the fires are kept
up, and fresh wagons of bricks or other articles are introduced as quickly
as the fired ones are removed at the other. Each end of the oven or kiln
is furnished with sliding doors or dampers, so that they may be opened
or closed at pleasure.
Im- PROVED MOURNING HATS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Elbert Dando at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 30th October 1868.
I, WILLIAM ELBERT DANDO, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVED MOURNING HATS," to be as follows:-
Hitherto mourning hats have been formed by placing a mourning
cloth band round the lower portion of the body of the hat and over the
silk covering.
My improvement consists in covering the upper portion of the body
of the hat with silk or any such material as may be commonly used for
hats and covering the lower portion with cloth or any such suitable
material as may be made to represent a mourning band, so that the
cloth forms a portion of the hat itself, being fixed direct to the body of
the hat during the process of manufacture. The portion of silk which
in an ordinary hat is covered by the mourning band now used is by this
means dispensed with. Instead of attaching the cloth band direct to
the body of the hat a substance inferior to the silk on the upper portion
of the body of the hat may be placed on the lower portion of the body

page_text: which has the outer covering of cloth, the object being to effect an actual
saving in the cost of manufacturing hats suitable for mourning by
dispensing with an expensive covering underneath the mourning
band.
IMPROVED MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR THE PREVENTION OF ACCIDENTS AT FACING POINTS ON RAILWAYS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Holiday at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th April
1868.
I, RICHARD HOLIDAY, of 214, High Street, Poplar, Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS
AND APPARATUS FOR THE PREVENTION OF ACCIDENTS AT FACING POINTS ON
RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
I place two rocking shafts at the junction points with two projections
or stops on each shaft, one stop of each shaft working on the inside
of the facing point, and one each shaft working on the outside of
the facing point. At the end of each shaft I fix a crank, which is con-
nected to the signal or signal lever. When the signal is lowered the
shaft revolves bringing one projection or stop between the facing points
and rail, and the other on the outside of the point, causing the facing
points to be properly closed before the signal is lowered.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR WASHING WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Petrie at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th August
1868.
I, JOHN PETRIE, junior, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster,
Machine Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR WASHING WOOL AND OTHER
FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
My Invention refers, firstly, to those rakes of washing machines which
are caused to move to and fro in the fluid while they vibrate upon a
centre of motion, and usually called swing rakes, and consists in applying
a balance weight thereto. The rake of ordinary construction I mount
upon a ball or other joint carried by a lever or levers, an arm of which
turns upon a centre and carries a balance weight. The vibratory motion
is imparted to the rake by a crank or other such means as usual.
Secondly. My Invention refers to a construction of chain for travelling
surfaces used in washing machines, the peculiarity thereof being that it

page_text: has no rivets, but is self-locked or jointed. Upon a series of links I form
Tends, and upon these I string outside links formed with slots in which
the said T ends are situate.
IMPROVEMENT IN WEAVING, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Taylor Burrow and Samuel
Keith at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 30th May 1868.
We, TAYLOR BURROW and SAMUEL KEITH, both of Glasgow, in the
County of Lanark, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention of "IMPROVEMENT IN WEAVING, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention, which relates to an arrangement of mechanism to be
used for weaving or knitting what are known as bonnets or caps, consists
in placing the warp on bobbins, and each bobbin being carried by a
shuttle, the shuttles and bobbins being arranged in circles round a
conical or other shaped block, either made solid or in segments, the
shape of the cone or block determining the shape of the cap when
woven. The weft is worked round the circle by an arm, the end of
the weft being conducted from the bobbin or the arm to a prolongation
of the conducting tube, viz., a thin steel spring, at the end of which is
an eye, through which the weft passes and is laid between the warp
ends, which as the weft passes cross over alternately, and remain so
till the weft again passes round, when they recross, and so on until

page_text: the cap is complete, the steel presser through the eye of which the
This spring
weft passes laying the weft well in between the warp.
may be changed to stronger or more elastic, according as more or less
body may be required in the cloth. At each revolution of the "weaver"
more warp ends are brought in, so that the distance between the warp
at the centre is the same as at its circumference, thereby keeping the
texture of the cloth uniform. A series of cones are used, which as
the weaving progresses are by means of a screw or other motion
gradually drawn along, so that the part being woven is always under
the "weaver" or weft card action.
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF RETORT FOR CHARRING BONES TO PRODUCE ANIMAL CHARCOAL
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Gregory at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
November 1868.
I, JAMES GREGORY, of Kingswood Ironworks, near Bristol, in the
County of Gloucester, Engineer and Ironfounder, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF RETORT
FOR CHARRING BONES TO PRODUCE ANIMAL CHARCOAL," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to an improved construction of retort for
charring bones to produce animal charcoal. I construct my improved
retort by fixing a perforated internal cylinder inside a larger external
cylinder by means of suitable projections attached to the outside of the
internal cylinder, which are made to slide in longitudinal grooves
attached to the inside of the external cylinder so that the two cylinders
are held fast and are made to rotate together. Inclined perforations
are made in the internal cylinder in the same way as the perforations
are made in the diaphragm plates used in constructing the improved
retort the subject of Letters Patent previously granted to me, dated
September 28th, 1868. The materials intended to be charred are
introduced into the interior of the internal cylinder from a suitable

page_text: feeding pipe, and as the cylinders rotate together the materials fall
through the perforations of the internal cylinder upon the interior of the
external cylinder and are charred by the heat applied externally. As
the cylinders continue to rotate the charred or partially charred
materials are continually dispersed and passed through the perforations
above referred to, which being inclined diagonally to the axis of the
cylinder cause them to travel forwards from the entrance end of the
interior to the exit end of the exterior cylinder, where they are
discharged. An end piece is fitted on the end of the external cylinder
where the materials enter so as to close at that end the annular space
between the two cylinders. Suitable channels or pipes are placed at
the exit end of the external cylinder through which the charred
materials pass out. To prevent any charred materials from passing out
from the end of the internal cylinder it is closed or partially closed with
a suitable end piece or flange.
In connexion with my double cylinder retort constructed as above
described, I use my improved cooling apparatus constructed and applied
in the manner described in the Specification of my Patent dated
September 28th, 1868, to which I have referred above, so as to effect in
a much more advantageous manner than has hitherto been done the
complete operation of charring and cooling animal charcoal by means
of my system of patented apparatus.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PIG IRON
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Smith at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st April 1868.
I, WILLIAM SMITH, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PIG IRON," to be as follows, that is
to say:-
This Invention, which relates to the reduction of certain ores, and
more especially that class known as the "mussel band" ore, consists.
as follows:-
The raw ore or mine is charged into the blast furnace in combination
with the oleaginous, hydrocarbon, and carbonaceous materials attached
to it, in place of being calcined, as is the case with other ores at
present used, and by the addition of limestone as a flux the reduction
of the "mussel band" and similar ores in the blast furnace is economi-
cally effected in place of being refuse, as hitherto, at the same time
considerably less coal or coke is requisite for being burnt in the
furnace, as the oleaginous and carbonaceous matter gives out when so

page_text: burnt a considerable amount of heat. In some cases the use of fuel
other than the oleaginous and carbonaceous matter will be unnecessary.
To improve the quality of pig iron still further a portion of purer
ironstone or calcined ironstone may be added.