IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULDING MACHINERY OR DEVICES
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Martin Benson, of No. 9, Southampton Buildings, London,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULDING MACHINERY OR DEVICES."
A communication from abroad by Alexander Kirk Rider, of Walden, Orange
County, State of New York, United States of North America.
Sealed the 4th January 1878, and dated the 9th July 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Martin Benson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th July 1877.
MARTIN BENSON, of No. 9, Southampton Buildings, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MOULDING MACHINERY OR DEVICES." A communication from abroad by Alexander
Kirk Rider, of Walden, Orange County, in the State of New York, United States
of North America.
The object of my Invention is to facilitate the moulding and casting of certain
forms of castings which greatly cheapens their production, and insures much greater
perfection in the casting than attainable by the usual methods of mouldings.
My Invention more particularly relates to castings of moderate size, and such as
are generally moulded with full patterns.
The forms of castings for the moulding for which my Invention is applicable, are,
namely, double tread or spool-like wheels, grooved pulleys and sheaves, external
gear wheels, internal wheel gear, cylindrical tubes and pipes, and straight rimmed
pulleys; but it may also be applied to other forms than those above mentioned.
The distinctive features of my Invention consist in providing simple and efficient
meaus to prevent the breaking or displacement of the sand on the withdrawal of
the pattern, thus allowing forms of exact parallelisin or difficult conformation to be
made with facility; and also in providing convenient and accurate ineans to set or
place in position the interior portion of such moulds as have an exterior surface,
such as exterior and interior gear wheels and tubes.
My Invention chiefly consists in the application and use of a guiding stud and
guide sleeve, a protection plate, a transfer ring, and an appropriate construction

page_text: and arrangement of patterns and moulds as will more fully appear on reference to
the accompanying Drawings forming part of this Specification, in which,―
Fig. 1 represents a sectional elevation of the device arranged to mould the double
tread wheel first mentioned; and Fig 2 is another section of the same.
Fig. 3 is a sectional elevation of the Invention as arranged to mould exterior
gear; and Fig. 4 is a corresponding section.
Referring more particularly to Figs 1 and 2, which represent the arrangement
intended to mould the double tread wheels above mentioned, A is the guiding
stud; B, the protection plate; C, the transfer ring; and S, the guide sleeve; H is
the base block or pedestal; and E and F are the upper and lower parts of the
pattern.
The guiding stud A is preferably made of iron turned true and cylindrical for the
greater parts of the length. It is fitted in a central position in the base block or
pedestal H, and should in this instance have a diameter corresponding to that of
the central hub connecting the heads of the double tread wheel, Fig. 5; the lengthi
of this guiding stud should be sufficient to pass through the lower part of the
pattern E, and far enough into the guide sleeve on the upper part of the pattern F
to keep these parts in true and square relative position. The main use of this
guiding stud is to provide a rectilinear path for the whole or part of the pattern
on its being withdrawn from the sand. It also furnishes the means accurately
setting in position the inner part of such moulds as have interior surfaces. B is the
projection plate; it is preferably turned true on both sides, and has a central
opening corresponding to the diameter and form of the lower part of the pattern E,
and is kept centrical by its fitting the contour or periphery of the pattern where it
projects through as above mentioned. This protection plate has also a snap g or
annular projection to receive and keep centrical the transferring ring C.
The chief office of this protection plate is to protect the sand at the edge of the
mould from abrasion or damage when the pattern is being withdrawn from the
sand, and at the same time permit the withdrawal of the lower part of the pattern.
C is the transfer ring, it is simply a stout hoop fitting easily in the snap g at the
edge of the protection plate, and should be of such width as to correspond with the
intended depth of the casting. Its office is to give such support to the enclosed
sand as will enable its removal or transfer to the blank mould in which it is to be
cast, as seen by Figs. 6 and 7. H is the pedestal or base block; it is simply a
circular or other shaped block in which the guiding stud is fitted; it is provided
with a raised edge on which the other portions of the device rests, and which
is preferably turned on its edge and periphery to receive the protection plate
centrally; E is the lower part of the plate, which in this instance rests on the
raised edge of the base, block H, and is fitted to slide on the guiding stud A which
keeps it in correct centre, and as above stated, this part of the pattern projects
some distance through the protection plate B; F is the upper part of the pattern
which is extended upwards by the addition of the guide sleeve S, which is in this
instance made in one piece with the upper part of the pattern F, and which is fitted
to receive the central guide A. There is also a stop provided in the guide sleeve S
to prevent too near approach of the lower and upper parts of the patterns E, F,
when in process of moulding.
This form of casting, which is represented by Fig. 5, is the same in all
essentials as that of sheaves and grooved pulleys, as it is made in precisely the same
manner.
In order to mould the double wheel above mentioned, the lower part of the
pattern protection plate and transfer ring are placed in position on the base block.
A quantity of properly tempered sand being now placed within and over the
transfer ring, the upper part of the pattern is passed over the guiding stud and
pressed down to the stop; this gives the sand the requisite solidity, when a little
more sand packed around the edge and struck off completes the ramining; the upper
part of the pattern F is now withdrawn, the guiding stud and sleeve guiding it out
directly so as not to break the edge of the mould. The lower part of the pattern E

page_text: with protection plate and transfer ring is now lifted off the guiding stud, as shown
by Fig. 8, which insures the central hub of the double wheel coming out straight;
the lower part of the pattern E is next withdrawn downwards from the protection
plate, and the transfer ring is lastly taken off the protection plate, as shown by
Fig. 9, and transferred to the blank mould where it is to be cast.
This blank mould, Fig. 10, is simply the impression made by a circular disc of the
proper thickness and diameter to correspond with the dimensions of the transfer
ring; its use is to form the upper and lower surfaces of the casting.
Referring to Fig. 3 and 4, which represent the Invention arranged for moulding
external gears, A is the guiding stud; B, the protection plate; C, the transfer ring,
and S, the guide sleeve; E is the pattern, and H, the base block. These parts
perform the same office as heretofore described, and are but slightly modified in
form. This example is much simpler in its detail than that first described, as the
pattern'is of only one piece corresponding to the lower part of the pattern E in the
first example. The pattern is withdrawn downwards as in the first described
instance through the central aperture in the protection plate, which closely follows
the contour of the pattern so as to completely support the sand at the withdrawal
of the pattern. The protection plate is in this instance made of two concentric parts
for convenience of being more readily adapted to wheels of different diameters or
pitch, as the inner portion which fits against the pattern is capable of being
removed, and another of different diameter or pitch may be substituted in its place..
The inner portion of the protection plate is made by casting it in its position
around the pattern; it is made of ordinary type metal. To facilitate the casting of
this portion of the protection plate, a snap or annular projecting edge is made on
each side of the protection plate when intended for this purpose, and fitted to the
base block H, so that by inserting the protection plate on the base block, and
placing the pattern with its guide sleeve on the guiding stud, this inner portion
may be readily and correctly cast around the pattern.
To mould an external gear with this device, shown by Figs. 3 and 4, the pro-
tection plate B is placed in position on the base block, and the transfer ring C is
adjusted in its place; the pattern is next placed on the guide sleeve S and passed
over the guiding stud A; the pin m is now introduced which keeps the pattern E
up to its proper place. The sand is next packed round the pattern and the edge or
joint struck off when the withdrawal of the stop or pin m allows the pattern to
descend through the protection plate B. The guiding stud or sleeve keeping it
perfectly straight in its descent, and the closely fitting protection plate protecting the
sand from displacement or abrasion, the transfer ring C, Fig. 11, with its enclosed
mould is now transferred to the blank mould, Fig. 6, in which it is to be cast as
before described. By this means the most perfect gear can be cast froin a pattern,
parallel, no taper being required, and the sand may be so tightly packed that an exact
counterpart of the pattern may be produced.
As before stated grooved pulleys and sheaves may be moulded by my improve-
inent; this is effected by giving the proper shape to the upper and lower moulds E
and F for forming the groove, or such shape channels as may be required around
the circumference of the pulley or sheave; a inould for a grooved pulley or sheave is
shewn in a transfer ring in the flash, Fig. 7, ready for casting. The configuration of
the ends or sides of the pulley are made by the blank or patterns, Fig. 12, which also
forms the mould for receiving the transfer ring, as represented in Fig. 7.
In casting tubes or cylindrical forms, the pattern forming the external portion of
the mould is usually provided with guide sleeves or centres to pass over the stud
pin; the pin is attached to a base plate in the mould, the pattern is slipped over the
stud pin, the mould is then filled with sand properly rammed, after which the pattern
is withdrawn, the stud pin in the meantime guiding the pattern centrally out of the
mould to prevent injury to it by lifting or displacement of the sand; the internal
portion of the mould or core is formed around a sleeve to guide it into the mould
forming the external portion of the casting for keeping the core in a parallel and
central position to the external part of the mould.

page_text: Other forms or shapes of castings may be made besides those herein-before
described, and the guide stud A may be of any other transverse form besides
cylindrical, which may be necessary in moulding other shapes than cylindrical, in
order to keep the mould in proper position.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Martin Benson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 8th January
1878.
MARTIN BENSON, of No. 9, Southampton Buildings, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MOULDING MACHINERY OR DEVICES." A communication from abroad by Alexander
Kirk Rider, of Walden, Orange County, State of New York, United States of North
America.
The object of my Invention is to facilitate the moulding and casting of certain
forms of castings, which greatly cheapens their production and insures much
greater perfection in the castings than attainable by the usual methods of
moulding.
"My Invention more particularly relates to castings of moderate size, and such as
are generally moulded with full patterns.
The forms of castings for the moulding for which my Invention is applicable are
mainly double tread or spool-like wheels, grooved pulleys and (sheaves, external
gear wheels, internal gear wheels, cylindrical tubes and pipes, and straight rimmed
pulleys, but it may also be applied to other forms than those above mentioned.
The distinctive features of my Invention consist in providing simple and efficient
means to prevent the breaking or displacement of the sand or the withdrawal of
the pattern, thus allowing forms of exact parallelism or difficult conformation to be
made with facility, and also in providing convenient and accurate means to set or
place in position the interior portions of such moulds as have an exterior surface,
such as exterior and interior gear wheels and tubes.
My Invention chiefly consists in the application and use of a guiding stud and
guide sleeve, protection plate, transfer ring, and an appropriate construction and
arrangement of patterns and moulds as will more fully appear, on reference to the
accompanying Drawings forming part of this Specification, in which,-
Fig. 1, Sheet 1, represents a sectional elevation of the device arranged to mould
the double tread wheel first mentioned, and Fig. 2 is another section of the same.
Fig 3 is a sectional elevation of the Invention arranged to mould exterior gear;
and Fig. 4 is a corresponding section, referring more particularly to Figs. I and
2, which represent the arrangement intended to mould the double tread wheels
above mentioned.
A is the guiding stud; B, the projection plate; C, the transfer ring; and S, the guide
sleeve; His the base block or pedestal; and E and F, the upper and lower parts of
the pattern. The guide stud A is preferably made of iron turned true and cylin-
drical for the greater part of its length. It is fitted in a central position in the
base block or pedestal H, and should in this instance have a diameter corresponding
to that of the central hub connecting the heads of the double tread wheel.
"Fig. 5, the length of this guiding stud should be sufficient to pass through the
lower part of the pattern E, and 'far enough into the guide sleeve on the upper

page_text: part of the pattern F to keep these parts in true and square relative position. The
main use of this guiding stud is to provide a rectilinear path for the whole or part
of the pattern on its being withdrawn from the sand. It also furnishes the means
of accurately setting in position the inner part of such moulds as have interior sur-
faces. B is the protection plate. It is preferably turned true on both sides, and has
a central opening corresponding to the diameter and form of the lower part of the
pattern E, and is kept centrical by its fitting the contour or periphery of the pattern,
where it projects through as above mentioned. This protection plate has also a
snapg or annular projection to receive and keep centrical the transferring ring C.
The chief office of this projection plate is to protect the sand at the edge of the
mould from abrasion or damage when the pattern is being withdrawn from the
sand, and at the same time permit the withdrawal of the lower part of the pattern.
C is the transfer ring, it is simply a stout hoop fitting easily in the snap g at the
edge of the protection plate, and should be of such width as to correspond with the
intended depth of the casting. Its office is to give such support to the enclosed
sand as will enable its removal or transfer to the blank mould in which it is to be
cast, as seen by Figs. 6 and 7. But in this case Fig. 6 represents a mould for casting
external gear; H is the pedestal or base block; it is simply a circular or other shaped
block in which the guiding stud is fitted; it is provided with a raised edge, on
which the other portions of the device rests, and which is preferably turned on its
edge and periphery to receive the protection plate centrally; E is the lower part
of the plate, which in this instance rests on the raised edge of the base block H, and
is fitted to slide on the guiding stud A, which keeps it in correct centre, and, as
above stated, this part of the pattern projects some distance through the protection
plate B; F is the upper part of the pattern, which is extended upwards by the
addition of the guide sleeve S, which is in this instance made in one piece with the
upper part of the pattern F, and which is fitted to receive the central guide A ;
there is also a stop provided in the guide sleeve S to prevent the too near approach
of the upper and lower parts of the patterns E, F, when in process of moulding.
This form of casting, which is represented by Fig. 5, is the same in all essentials
as that of sheaves and grooved pulleys, as it is made in precisely the same manner.
In order to mould the double wheel above mentioned the lower part of the pattern
protecting plate and transfer ring are placed in position on the base block. A quan-
tity of properly tempered sand being now placed within and over the transfer ring,
the upper part of the pattern is passed over the guiding stud and pressed down to
the stop; this gives the sand the requisite solidity, when a little more sand packed
around the edge and struck off completes the ramming. The upper part of the
pattern F is now withdrawn, the guiding stud and sleeve guiding it out directly so
as not to break the edge of the mould. The lower part of the pattern E with the
protection plate and transfer ring is now lifted off the grinding stud, as shewn by
Fig. 8, which insures the central hub of the double wheel coming out straight. The
lower part of the pattern E is next withdrawn downwards from the protection
plate, and the transfer ring is lastly taken off the protection plate, as shewn by
Fig. 7, and transferred to the blank mould or flask where it is to be cast, not shewn
in the Drawings.
The blank mould, Fig. 10, is simply the impression made by a circular disc of the
proper thickness and diameter to correspond with the dimensions of the transfer
ring; its use is to form the upper and lower surfaces of the casting.
Referring to Figs. 3 and 4, which represent the Invention arranged for moulding
external gears, A is the guiding stud; B, the protection plate; C, the transfer ring;
S, the guide sleeve; E, the pattern; and H, the base block; these parts perform
the same office as heretofore described in Fig. 1 and 2, and are but slightly modified
in form. This example of the improvement is much simpler in its details than that
first described, as the pattern is of only one piece, corresponding to the lower part
of the pattern E in the first example. The pattern is withdrawn downwards, as in
the first described instance, through the central aperture in the protection plate,

page_text: which closely follows the contour of the pattern, so as to completely support the
sand at the withdrawal of the pattern.
The protection plate in this instance is made of two concentric parts, for con-
venience of being more readily adopted to wheels of different diameters or pitch,
as the inner portion which fits against the pattern is capable of being removed,
and another of different diameter or pitch may be substituted in its place. The
inner portion of the protection plate is made by casting it in its position around
the pattern. It is made of ordinary type metal. To facilitate the casting of
this portion of the protection plate, the snap or annular projecting edge is made on
each side of the protection plate, when intended for this purpose, and fitted to the
base block H, so that by inserting the protection plate on the base block and placing
the pattern with its guide sleeve on the guiding stud this inner portion may be
easily and correctly cast around the pattern to mould an external gear with this
device, shewn by Figs. 3 and 4. The protection plate B is placed in position on the
base block, and the transfer ring C is adjusted in its place. The pattern is next
placed on the guide sleeve S, and passed over the guiding stud A; the pin m is now
introduced, which keeps the pattern E up to its proper place. The sand is next
placed round the pattern, and the edge or joint struck off, when the withdrawal of
the stop or pin m allows the pattern to descend through the protection plate B,
the guiding stud or sleeve keeping it perfectly straight in its descent, and the
closely fitting protection plate protecting the sand from displacement or abrasion.
The transfer ring C, Fig. 9, with its enclosed mould is now transferred to the blank
mould or flask, Fig. 6, in which it is to be cast, as before described. By this means
the most perfect gear can be cast from a pattern parallel, no taper being required to
withdraw the pattern, and the sand may be so tightly packed that an exact counter-
part of the pattern may be produced.
As before stated, grooved pulleys and sheaves may be moulded by my improve-
ment. This is effected by giving the proper shape to the upper and lower patterns S
and E, represented in Figs. 11 and 12, Sheet 2, for forming the groove, or such
shaped channels as may be required in the circumference of the pulley or sheave.
Figs. 11, 12, 13, and 14, Sheet 2, represent the means of producing a grooved
sheave by my improvement, the manner of forming the mould in the transfer ring C.
Fig. 11 is precisely the same as that employed and before described in Figs. 1
and 2, Sheet 1. In this case the patterns or half patterns S and E, and plate B are
mounted on the spindle A and base block H, and the retaining ring C is placed on
the plate B and filled with sand, and the mould made and completed in the manner
herein-before described in relation to Fig. 1 and 2, Sheet 1. Fig. 13 is the blank
pattern for forming the upper and lower sides of the sheave in the flask, Fig. 14,
and for receiving the transverse ring C with its contained mould to form the groove
in the edge of the sheave, as fully represented; Fig. 15 shows a sectional view of a
grooved sheave cast by the mould represented in the flask, Fig. 14; this portion
of the improvement may be fully understood by the Drawings without further
description.
In casting tubes or cylindrical forms the patterns forming the external portion of
the mould is usually provided with guide sleeves or centres to pass over the stud
pin, the pin is attached to the base plate in the mould, the pattern is slipped over
the stud pin, the mould is then filled with sand properly rammed, after which the
pattern is withdrawn, the stud pin in the meantime guiding the pattern centrally
out of the mould to prevent injury to it by lifting or displacement of the sand.
The internal portion of the mould or core is formed around a sleeve to guide it into
the mould forming the external portion of the casting for keeping the core in a
parallel and central position to the external part of the mould.
The general arrangement of the apparatus for moulding an internal gear, a tube or
pipe, is the same; the patterns and removable parts differing from each other only
in size and contour for different articles to be cast.
The process for moulding these articles will be sufficiently illustrated by the
description of the moulding of a tube. In this instance the internal part of the

page_text: mould
of the most importance, as it is in this portion that the greatest accuracy
is necessary, and to secure such accuracy an interior protection plate B', Figs. 19
and 22, Sheet 2, is used. The said protection plate and guide sleeve S to which it
is attached are in this instance preferably formed in one piece, as many of them as
well as of other removable parts being provided as may be necessary for making the
number of moulds required preparatory to casting.
For moulding a tube a pattern composed of a part E, Fig. 19, for moulding the
interior form of said tube, and a part F, Fig. 16, for moulding the exterior of the
same said parts E and F together constitute one pattern, but for convenience they
will be referred to as separate patterns in describing their use in moulding. The
said patterns E and F are of course varied in contour for different articles.. The
pattern is perforated centrically, and has preferably a metal bushing or guide
sleeve S¹, Figs. 16 and 17, fitted to slide snugly but easily in the guiding stud A
to insure exact concentric position while said pattern is used for moulding. It is
also provided with a print p, Fig. 16, at its lower end to receive the interior part of
the mould when in position to be cast, and for this reason is made somewhat longer
than the intended casting.
To mould a tube with the said patterns, first place upon the pedestal H a pro-
tection plate B, similar to that already described, but having a smaller central
opening, as shewn in Figs. 16 and 19, then place the internal pattern. E on said
plate, and place the interior protection plate B', Figs. 19 and 22, and its attached
sleeve S on the stud A, the said protection plate exactly fitting the interior of the
said pattern, and holding the same in true concentric position with the said stud, as
shown in Fig. 19. The sand being now rammed in and struck off the interior
mould K', Fig. 19, the said interior mould or core is with the protection plate B
and sleeve S removed from the stud A, and the pattern F placed on said stud to
form the mould for the interior of the tube, as shewn in Fig. 16. The transfer ring
C is next placed on the protection plate B, within the "snap" g, as shewn in Fig. 16.
The sand mould K" for the exterior of the tube is then formed by packing sand
between the said transfer ring and pattern F, and striking off the top of the mould.
The pattern F is then slid upwards out of the mould K", the stud A. insuring its
straight withdrawal, without in any way injuring its sharply defined impression in
said mould. The interior mould E is then placed with its supporting protection
plate B¹ and sleeve S upon the stud A, and slid down upon said stud till the pro-
tection plate B' reaches the protection plate B where it rests, and is held in true
concentric relation with the exterior mould F for casting.
The casting may, in this instance, be done either while the moulds are held in
proper relation upon the guide stud and pedestal, as above described, or the moulds
may be transferred to a blank mould R, Fig. 22, in a flask, and held therein by
any suitable means in true relation in said flask, one method of holding them in
true concentric relation being indicated in dotted outlines in Fig. 22. But while I
prefer the methods described for casting the articles named, and other similar
articles, I do not confine myself to the exact succession of operations described,
as the methods may be varied without materially lessening the utility or in
anywise affecting the general principles of the process or the construction of the
apparatus.
Other forms or shapes of castings may be made besides those herein-before
described, and the guide stud A may be of any other transverse form besides
cylindrical, which may be necessary in moulding other shapes than cylindrical, in
order to keep the mould in proper position.
The moulding and casting of an internal gear is similar to the moulding of a tube,
except that the interior pattern E, Fig. 20, must be internally toothed, and the
interior protection plate B¹, Fig. 21, must be made to fit therein.
Having now described the construction and manner of working my said Inven-
tion, what I claim is,-
1st. An improvement in the process of moulding or casting, or both, the employ-
ment of patterns or parts of patterns, and moulds or parts of moulds sliding upon,

page_text: and held by a fixed guiding stud in concentric and square relation with each other,
and with the said; guiding stud, while the moulding or casting, or both, are per-
formed, substantially as and for the purpose specified.
2nd. As an improvement in the process of moulding and casting, the employ-
ment of protection plates, guided and held by a fixed guiding stud, in concentric
and square relation with such stud, for protecting the angular or other parts of
moulds, and supporting the same when separating said moulds or parts
of moulds from the patterns, or when arranging the moulds or parts of
moulds in relation with each other for casting, substantially as and for the
purpose set forth.
3rd. As an improvement in the process of moulding and casting, the use of a
transfer ring for transferring a mould or part of a mould to a flask for casting,
and the placing of said transfer ring and its contained mould in a blank mould
previously formed for its reception in such flask, substantially as and for the
purpose described.
4th. The fixed guiding stud A, in combination with a base or pedestal for
supporting patterns and moulds, or parts thereof, substantially as and for the
purpose set forth.
5th. The guide sleeve S or S¹, in combination with the fixed guiding
stud A and pattern, or portions thereof, substantially as and for the purpose
specified.
6th. The protection plate B or B¹, in combination with the guiding stud A and
pattern, or portion thereof, substantially as and for the purpose described.
7th. The transfer ring C, in combination with the protection plate B, substantially
as and for the purpose set forth.
Sth. The blank mould R, in combination with the transfer ring C, and its con-
tained mould or portion of a mould, substantially as and for the purpose herein
set forth..
9th. The combination of the supporting pedestal or base H, guiding stud A, guide
sleeve S or S¹, protection plate B or B¹, and transfer ring C, substantially as and
for the purpose described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Martin Benson, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Eighth day of January, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-eight.
MARTIN BENSON. (L.S.)