Apparatus for Effecting the Make or Break of an Electric Circuit at Any Suitable Number of Points.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 30th Oct., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 30th July, 1891-Accepted, 24th Oct., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Apparatus for Effecting the Make or Break of an Electric Circuit
at Any Suitable Number of Points.
1, LUCIEN VIALET-CHABRAND of La Ciotat (Bouches du Rhone) France
Electrical Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
My invention has for object to provide apparatus and connections so as to form
a complete system or electrical installation that will allow of the making or
breaking an electric circuit for any desired purpose from any number of determined
points. An example of one of the special cases for which my invention may be
used, is the lighting and extinguishing of an electric lamp from as many determined
points as may be found useful.
Apparatus according to this invention may be applied in a variety of ways, because
it allows of the actuation or controlling at a distance and from any desired: number of
points, of any apparatus operated by electricity, or of any mechanism. the setting
into operation of which depends upon a disengaging device operated by a
current.
In the accompanying drawings
Fig. illustrates diagrammatically an installation arranged according to this
invention, and designed to effect from a number of points the lighting and
extinguishing of an electric lamp.
Fig. 2 is a front elevation of an electro-magnetic apparatus arranged to aid in
effecting the above mentioned object.
Figs. 3 and 4 are views of opposite sides of the said apparatus.
Figs. 5 to 11 inclusive are detail views of the main component parts thereof:-
Fig. 5 being a side elevation and end view of the soft iron core of the
bobbin;
Fig. 6, a central section of the metallic case of the bobbin, constructed of brass
or of insulating material;
Fig. 7 an underside view and a side elevation of the support for the soft iron
armature;
Fig. 8 a plan and side elevation of an angular support for a screw against which
bears the brass spring mounted on the armature;
Figs. 9 and 10 elevations at right angles to each other of a soft iron piece that
serves as a sole-piece for the electro-magnet; and
Fig. 11 elevations also at right angles to each other of an angle piece for carrying
the stop-screw of the armature.
or
Figs. 12 and 13 illustrate in internal front elevation, and in section, an apparatus,
(hereinafter called a circuit making and breaking device) constructed with two
pushes, one serving for opening or breaking a circuit and the other for closing
making the circuit, these operations in the particular case shown in Fig. 1 serving
to effect the extinguishing and lighting respectively of an electric lamp. The
bobbin a of the electro-magnet shown in Figs. 1 and 2, is composed of the case b
covered with wire carefully insulated by two layers of cotton treated with gum-lac.
The case may be of insulating material or of brass, but in the latter case, before
the wire is wound on, it should be covered with paper treated with gum-lac or
bitumen. The magnet core c of soft iron is bolted to the soft iron sole or angle
piece d which is fixed to an angle piece E of brass which thus serves to carry the
whole of the apparatus. M is an angle piece fixed to but insulated from the sole
piece d; it is provided with a contact screw V the contact end of which is furnished
with silver or platinum, as is also the contact piece y' of the flexible brass strip y.

page_text: This strip is carried by the armature which is pivotted to the support / bolted
to the sole piece d as shown. R is a spring for returning the armature to its
normal position. n, n', n, are respectively an angle piece and two eye bolts or
pins serving to retain and fix the cover A of the apparatus. F is a flexible wire.
EX-LA is the terminal for extinguishing the lamp LA and A LA L, that for
lighting the lamp. CC is a terminal for connection with the main lead supplying
the working current. The wire F is connected to the blade and to the
terminal EX-L A. In the circuit making and breaking device shown in Figs. 12
and 13 the spring contact piece t is fixed on the wooden plate o and the opposing
spring contact pieces of the pushes pp respectively, are screwed to the cover s
which is made of suitable insulating material for example ivorine.
Any suitable number of circuit making and breaking devices of the kind shown
in Figs. 12 and 13 may be employed arranged at the several points chosen for
breaking or making the circuit.
At present, on board ships, for example, lighted by electricity the lighting and
extinguishing of the electric lamp in each cabin is usually controlled only by a
switch arranged near the entrance door in such a manner that the lamp may be
lighted by a person on entering, and extinguished by such person on leaving the
cabin. Such an arrangement is not convenient in practice and it would be of great
convenience if each of the occupants of a cabin could light or extinguish the lamp
at will without moving from the couch or other support upon which the occupant
is resting. Now this object is attained by means of the combination of apparatus
bereinbefore described the operation of which is as follows:-
=
Referring to Fig. 1a and are the main and return leads respectively connected
with the poles of an electric generator. is a wire connected at one end to the
lead and at the other end by wires ¹, to the contact pieces of each of the
current making and breaking devices, and by a wire to the terminal CC of
the electro-magnetic apparatus (Fig. 2). Normally the electric circuit through
the electro-magnetic apparatus is broken between the screw V, and the spring
contact strip g.
If now the push p of either of the circuit making and breaking devices be pushed
inward to make contact with the contact piece t of the said device, an electric
current will pass through the wire, contact pieces and and wire to the
lighting terminal A. L, whence it will pass through the winding of the bobbin, to
the terminal EX-L A, thereby magnetising the core C of the bobbin. The core
will then attract the armature and cause its spring contact strip g to bear upon
the screw V. The current traversing the electro-magnetic apparatus will now be
divided, part passing in the direction just mentioned to the terminal EX-L A,
assuming the push to be still pressed inward, and the other part passing through
the wire, to the terminal CC, screw V, contact strip g, and wire F to the terminal
A L, whence it will pass through the bobbin winding to the terminal EX-L A,
and thence to the lamp L A and return lead y. If the pressure be now removed
from the push p, the current will no longer pass by the contact pieces tg of that
push, but it will continue to pass from the terminal CC to the terminal EX-LA
by the course mentioned, because the current will have continued to traverse the
bobbin, and the core will have remained magnetized and kept the spring contact
strip bearing on the screw V. The lamp LA will thus remain lighted, notwith-
standing that the push p has been released and its flexible spring contact
again assumed its normal position.
has
When it is required to extinguish the lamp, it is merely necessary to shunt the 5
current from the bobbin winding so that the core c shall become demagnetized and
the contact between the blade y and the screw V broken. To effect this object
pressure is applied to the extinguishing push p' of one of the circuit making and
breaking devices. The current previously passing wholly through the bobbin
winding to the lamp will now mainly pass direct through the contact springs tq5
that are in contact to the terminal EX-L A and will then pass directly to the lamp
thereby shunting so much of the current from the bobbin winding as to enable the

page_text: spring R to return the armature to the position shewn in Fig. 2 and break the
contact between g' and V. The lamp will remain lighted during the time that
pressure is applied to the push p', but as soon as the pressure is removed the
current will be broken between t and q and the lamp will be extinguished.
Dated this 30th day of October 1890.
L. VIALET-CHABRAND,
By L. W., per F. B.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Apparatus for Effecting the Make or Break of an Electrical Circuit
at Any Suitable Number of Points.
I, LUCIEN VIALET-CHABRAND of La Ciotat (Bouches du Rhone) in the
Republic of France, Electrical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
:-
My invention has reference to a complete system of electrical installation for
effecting the opening or closing of an electrical circuit from a certain number of
determined points; and as an example of one of the special cases comprised in the
general application above referred to, my invention may be applied to light up
or to extinguish one or more lamps from as many points as may be requisite.
The principle of the system consists in including between the push-buttons
for opening and closing the electrical circuit, and the working apparatus, such as
lamps or others, an electro magnet of novel construction through which the current
passes before reaching the said lamps or the various apparatus the course of the
current being such that operation of the buttons will place the apparatus in action
or will bring the same to rest or restore the same to their original position.
On certain call-boards there are drop-shutters which are set in action when the
proper bell-push is operated to cause the passage of the current for moving
When the latter falls by its weight
the piece which acts as a stop to the shutter.
it closes the local circuit on the board; but it is not possible from the place whence
the signal has been given, to bring the shutter back to its first position.
By my invention this bringing back to its first position can be effected, and
without changing one's place.
Whilst allowing of operating electrical circuits of any kind, my invention also
enables any number of electric lamps to be lit up or extinguished, whether they be
arranged in tension or in shunt circuit; it also enables an electrical machine to be
started from a distance, by utilizing a weak current which at the same time lights
up one or more indicator lamps located in the office or offices from which the
machine is to be controlled; or also, a weak current which passes through the coils
of a system of indicators having the same object as the lamp, but having this.
advantage that it can always allow of the free passage of the current, because the
wires of the coils of the indicator are not liable to be broken by use as is
the filament of a lamp. The current reaching to the indicator-lamps or the various
indicators, is the one which is utilized for controlling the circuit which is to
be completed or interrupted, and which also passes through the coils or the single
coil of the controlling apparatus proper.
My invention also allows of controlling from any number of points, any
mechanism whatever, by making the operation or the stoppage of said mechanism
dependent on the action of a disengaging gear upon which an electric current is
arranged to act. It will be understood that if the stopping pawl of the disengaging
gear is in engagement and prevents the movement of the mechanism, it is sufficient
to send a current to withdraw or disengage this pawl and to permit the movement
which will continue as long as the current is passing.
If it be desired, after a time, to stop the movement, it is sufficient to interrupt

page_text: the current; the stopping pawl under the influence of a spring or a counterweight
will resume its original position, and the inovement of the mechanism. will be
interrupted.
In the accompanying drawings,
Fig. is a front elevation of an electrical apparatus according to my inven-
tion; and
Figs. 2 and 3 are views of opposite ends.
The apparatus.shown in these figures comprises an electro magnet whose
winding or coil a (hereinafter spoken of as the coil) is composed of wire carefully
insulated and wound upon the frame of insulating material, mounted on the soft
iron core c.
The core cis bolted to the soft iron sole-plate d. The parts are fixed
on a brass angle piece E. An angle piece M insulated from the metallic mounting
of the apparatus is furnished with a contact screw V whose contact end is tipped
with silver or platinum, as is the contact g of the flexible brass blade 9.
is the retracting spring of the armature which is mounted on a support h¹.
The wire of the coil a passes from the terminal EX LA (extinguishing the
lamps) and to the terminal A LA L (lighting up). CC is the circuit breaker at
which ends the current coming from the principal circuit breaker.
Figs: 4 and 5 illustrate the push-button apparatus, in which t is the contact piece
at which ends the current coming from the positive lead of the current. 7.9¹ are
the contact pieces of the pushes P. A wire from the lighting up terminal A LA L
is connected to the piece y of the push p, and a wire from the extinguishing
terminal EX. A is connected to the piece 7 of the push p'. The push p is for
lighting up, and the push pl for extinguishing.
Fig. 6 illustrates diagrammatically an installation arranged according to my
invention and which I assume has for object to control the lighting up or
extinguishing of an electric lamp L A from say four points. This lamp is
electrically connected to the extinguishing terminal EX LA on one hand, and to
the return negative lead C¹ on the other hand. C is the positive lead supplying
the current; and C the return conductor which may be a connection with the hull
if the installation is located on board ship.
At present on board ship, the lamp in each cabin is usually controlled only by an
interrupting device located near the door; the lamp being extinguished on leaving
the cabin and lighted on entering, An arrangement of this kind is not always
convenient and it is desirable to enable each of the passengers in one and the same
cabin to light or to extinguish the lamp at will from his berth. In a room, or in a
bed room it is desirable to. be able, from one's sleeping place or from each one of
the entrances, to light or to extinguish the lamp or lamps of the room or bed
chamber. This result is rendered possible by my apparatus as hereinafter
described.
The current is in the positive lead C; a wire is connected to the circuit
breaker and is continued to the terminal C C. The current has no passage to
the apparatus; it passes to the screw and thence to the spring y, but does not
go any further.
If now, the lighting push be operated the current having passed through the
circuit breaker, passes from the central blade of the pusher, to the blade 9
which has been momentarily depressed by the push p. The current passes to the
lighting terminal A L and traverses the coil whose core it magnetizes. The core
attracts the armature h, and its flexible blade g comes to bear upon the screw. V.
The current traversing the circuit breaker, is thus divided and finds two passages,
one through the blades t, q of the pusher p on which we assume the pressure of the
hand is still bearing, the other by the communication established between the
terminal C C, the screw u, the blade g and the contact screw V. From the contact
screw the current passes to the terminal A L, through the coil, and passes
through the terminal EX LA to the lamp L A.
If now the pressure be removed from the push the current no longer passes
through the blades t q of this push, but it continues its course from the terminal C C

page_text: to the screw V by the parts and . because the current has continued to traverse
the coil, and the core of the latter having remained magnetized has always main-
tained the contact of the flexible blade y on the screw V. The lamp will thus
remain lighted although the push p has been released, whilst its flexible blade
has resumed its normal position.
When it is desired to extinguish the lamp, it is sufficient to cut off the current
from the coil of the magnet so that the core shall be demagnetized and contact
cease between the blade and the screw V. For this purpose pressure is applied
to the extinguishing push. The current traversing the circuit breaker a, passed
away previously through the coil of the magnet and the lamp but will now pass
directly through the blades placed in contact, and will reach the terminal
EXLA in order to pass directly to the lamp without passing through the coil.
The armature of the latter will move away from the core under the action of
the spring, and the contact between and V will no longer exist.
The lamp
will still remain lighted during all the time that pressure is being exerted upon
the push but as soon as the hand is removed from this push the lamp will be
extinguished.
;
After this it will be understood that any number of connected pushes can be
arranged for controlling one and the same lamp.
In order to ensure the extinction of the lamp or lamps from any points, but at a
considerable distance, it will he necessary that the resistance of the coil placed in
circuit between the terminals A LA L and EX LA shall be in proper pro-.
portion to the resistance presented to the passage of the current by the wires from
the terminal CC to the two pushes, and from the terminal EX LA to the
push button for extinguishing. The resistance of the wire ending at the
terminal A L may be very great, and yet the operation of the same is not the less
certain. The presence of a second or resistance coil in circuit with the coil of
the electro magnet being practically necessary, leads to the use of the arrangement
shown in Fig. 7 in which R is the resistance placed in circuit between the coil of the
electro magnet E and the terminal EX LA.
Assuming the lamps to be lighted, that is to say assuming contact to be estab-
lished between the plate y and the contact screw V, in order to produce extinction,
the push is pressed it may be for instance the one furthest to the left. The
current from the terminal CC, feeds on one hand the lamps, through the parts, g, V,
A LAL, the coil E, resistance R, terminals EXLA and conductor K.O
and on the other hand it tends to pass to the lamps along the path CC d, f, t, s, u,
erminal EX LA and through K O. The current divides into these circuits, in
inverse ratio to the resistances offered by these two circuits until contact between g
and be broken. The resistance serves to increase the resistance of the
lighting circuit, to reduce to the greatest possible extent the intensity of the
current passing through the same, so that it may be insufficient to keep the
armature applied against the core of the electro magnet, and consequently to effect
more rapidly the extinction of the lamps. At QQ separate circuit breakers
can be located for each lamp.
Fig. 8 illustrates diagrammatically the method of indirectly controlling a group
of lamps by means of a push apparatus located at any point. The armature h
carries contacts and G which come in contact, the former with the contact
screw V, and the latter with a screw of large diameter G. This latter screw is
electrically connected with the group terminal G R whence is led the lead of the
group of lamps.
The indicator lamp or lamps I are connected to the terminal EX LA as stated.
The contact of the parts G and Gallows the current coming from the main
circuit breaker, to pass directly to the group lead through the screw c, and the
blade of the armature in order to pass across the contact GG, to the terminal GR
and thence to the group of lamps.
Instead of the group of lamps there may be employed any apparatus which the
current taken from the terminal GR, would set in operation.

page_text: Fig. 9 illustrates diagrammatically the direct controlling of a small number of
lamps. In this case the controlling apparatus is located on the return wire of the
current coming from the lamps. QQ are the circuit breakers of the lamps.
The resistance coil R, arranged in series with the coil or coils of the electro
magnet E, has for object to enable extinction to be effected when the distance at
which the apparatus is located, is considerable and the resistance of the wire
supplying the current to the pushes, and conveying it back to the apparatus, may
have a value approximating to that of the coils of the electro magnet.
The increase of the internal resistance of the apparatus has the disadvantage of
allowing of the operation of the lamps only at a voltage lower than that of the
general distribution. When a lamp is alone, the fall of potential may be about one
volt but with two or three lamps, it becomes twofold and threefold.
In order to obviate this disadvantage 1 employ an arrangement which allows of
dispensing with the resistance coil and of reducing to a minimum the total resist-
ance of the lighting circuit of the apparatus. For this purpose I arrange on the
coil or coils, of the electro magnet a winding in the opposite direction to that taken
by the current when lighting is effected.
The coils of the electro magnet thus have two windings, an external winding of
a resistance just sufficient to enable the attraction of the armature to be produced by
the current of a single lamp: then an internal winding in the opposite direction to
the first whose action shall not be capable of producing the attraction of the said
armature and will yet be strong enough to neutralize or partly neutralize the effect
of the fractional current still passing through the first winding when it is desired
to effect extinction.
In order to complete the action of the supplementary or inner winding, at the
moment of extinction, and produce more surely the withdrawal or release of the
armature of the electro-magnet, I add to my apparatus another electro-magnet
having one or two coils and being wound in circuit with said inner winding. This
electro-magnet serves to attract the armature to itself and to detach it from the
cores of the first or "lighting" electro-magnet, when extinction is being effected.
Fig. 10 illustrates the arrangements I have selected. In front or opposite to the
lighting electro-magnet E, the apparatus comprises the electro-magnet Y wound
in circuit with the inner winding of the electro-magnet E.
6:
The outer or lighting" winding of the electro-magnet E is connected to the
lighting terminal A LA L, and to the terminal LA whence is led the lead of the
lamp or lamps. The circuit of the inner winding y leads from the extinguishing
terminal EX from the second electro-magnet Y, thence from the electro-magnet E
to the terminal L A. The wire of the electro-magnet X is of large diameter
relatively to that of the electro-magnet E, so that the resistance may be as low as
possible on the extinguishing circuit.
For the inner winding added to the lighting electro-magnet E which is traversed
by the current when it is desired to effect extinction a single layer of much finer
wire can be used.
With the foregoing arrangements, the lighting of the lamps could be effected
from points located at any suitable distance front the controlling apparatus; but
the extinction of the same could only be ensured under the condition that the
extinguishing circuit should only offer a low resistance with relation to that of the
lighting winding or circuit, which is composed only of the outer winding of the main
electro-magnet.
This extinguishing circuit comprises the inner winding of the electro-magnet and
also the wires leading from the push box for connecting the central blade and that
of the extinguishing button to the two terminals C C and E X of the apparatus.
The resistance of the outer winding is fixed; but that of the circuit of wires
referred to increases with the distance at which the controlling point is located
from the apparatus; so that it is necessary to employ wires having a section
increasing with said distance.
The working of the apparatus may however be rendered more certain by using

page_text: fine leads if care be taken to increase the resistance of the lighting winding, by.
placing in the apparatus and in series with said winding, a small length of wire of
suitable resistance.
+31
This last solution is very simple, but it has the drawback of increasing, bya
small amount the consumption of energy during the working of the lamp o
lamps.
Although the foregoing arrangements will be found suitable in almost all
cases where it is required to control lamps in cabins or rooms, I have designed an
arrangement capable of allowing with certainty the control of the lamps from
points located at any distance from the apparatus, and with which even very fine
wires can be employed for connecting the pushes to the apparatus in which the
resistance of the lighting circuit can be reduced to a minimum and which has the
advantage of reducing to an insignificant amount the loss of energy incurred in
lighting or extinguishing from any number of points.
This arrangement is shewn diagrammatically in Fig. 11; it differs from the
foregoing ones by the addition of the relay R₁ which has for object of closing the
extinguishing circuit upon the apparatus itself.
When the button is pressed in order to extinguish the lamp or lamps the current
coming from said button will traverse the wire of the coil of the relay R₁ and will
traverse the lamp L* which serves as a resistance, this lamp will be lighted.
The armature of the relay in being depressed' will come in contact with the
screw and will thus close the extinguishing circuit; the current which was
passing to the lamps will thus divide into this circuit and into the lighting circuit,
but will only pass in very small quantity into the latter since it offers much more
resistance than the former. The armature being no longer attracted will move
back the contacts between and V, and between G & G will be broken, and the.
lamps will be extinguished.
It will be seen that the lamp Lx is only lighted whilst the extinguishing button
is pressed, and it will operate only at a voltage lower than that of the current in
the main circuit, by reason of the presence in its circuit of the coil of the relay R
and of the wires leading from the terminals cc and EX of the apparatus to the
extinguishing push. The wear or deterioration of the filament of this lamp will
thus be insignificant and its "life" will be practically without limit.
It will also be seen that if for any reason this lamp should happen to be destroyed
or burnt out, the lighting of the lamps controlled by the apparatus would still be
possible. This is a very great advantage. Extinction of the lamps however
would no longer be possible by the pushes, and it would then be necessary to
extinguish the lamps by means of interruptors arranged on the mounting of the
same or adjacent thereto, as is done in existing installations; these interruptors
being retained so as to permit of lighting at any moment only those lamps the
light of which is required.
I have explained in the foregoing arrangements the necessity of the double
winding on the electro-magnet E. With the arrangement shewn in Fig. 11, the
inner or extinguishing winding is no longer necessary. When the armature of the
relay comes in contact with the screw V, as there will no longer be any
resistance in the extinguishing circuit, all the current which was flowing to the
lamps, passing previously through the "lighting" winding, will pass directly to
the said lamps, and as there will no longer be any current capable of maintaining
the magnetization in the core of the electro-magnet E, its armature will move back
with certainty and the lamps will be extinguished.
The number of the lamps L may be increased if desired to 4 or even to 5,
leaving only 2 without interruptor in order to ensure the control of the group.
The number of lamps to be served with these apparatus may be increased as
desired; it is sufficient to arrange a suitable number of terminals G¹ and blades G,
of which each set (ensemble") will control a small group insulated from the
neighbouring ones; so that when there is general extinction and rupture of the
contacts between G and G¹, the current of the whole of these groups will be

page_text: prevented from flowing even momentarily from a single screw G¹ to a single blade G¹
and 'so preventing the latter from moving away from its screw.
In order to ensure good contacts between the blades and the screws of the corre-
sponding terminals, of which there can be any number, it will be sufficient to
increase the power of attraction of the electro-magnet E.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what 1
claim is :-
For the purpose of controlling the opening or closing of an electrical circuit
from a number of points and in particular for effecting the lighting or extinction
of electric lamps.
1. An apparatus comprising an electro magnet whose coil is in circuit with the
various sets of apparatus to be controlled, and is electrically connected with push
buttons for completing or interrupting the lighting or main circuit the arrangement
being such that on pressing the lighting push button, the current will flow through
the electro magnet, energizes the same and causes it to attract its armature and
effect the completion of the main circuit and the lighting of the lamp; and so that
on removing the pressure from the said lighting button the lamps continue lighted
while by depressing the extinguishing push button the current is caused to pass to
the lamps without passing through the coil of the electro magnet; whereby the
armature of the same is released and on liberating the said extinguishing push
button the current is completely interrupted, and the lamps are extinguished,
substantially as hereinbefore described for the purposes specified.
2. In apparatus of the kind referred to in Claim 1, an electro magnet having a
second or inner winding through which the current passes at the moment of
extinction, in an opposite direction to the current in the outer or lighting winding,
substantially as and for the purposes specified.
<<
3. An apparatus of the kind referred to in Claim 1 in which the coil of the
electro magnet has a second or inner winding in an opposite direction to the outer
or lighting winding, the inner winding including in its circuit the coil of a
second electro magnet located behind the armature of the "lighting" electro-
magnet, and having for object to complete the action of the inner winding, that is
to say, to effect the detaching of the armature of the core of the lighting electro
magnet, at the moment of the extinguishing of the lamps substantially as described.
4. In apparatus of the kind referred to in Claim 1 a resistance arranged in series
with the lighting winding of the electro magnet for ensuring the operation of the
apparatus at the moment of extinction; substantially as described.
5. In apparatus of the kind referred to in Claim I a relay R' (Fig. 11) adapted
to close the extinguishing circuit upon the apparatus itself this relay being either
an electro magnet with one or more coils, or a solenoid whose core acted on by a
spring, is attracted on the passage of the current so as to strike against a piece VI
and close the circuit substantially as described.
6. An apparatus of the kind referred to in the preceding claims, constructed with
two push buttons arranged and operating substantially as described and shown.
7. The general arrangement and combinations of parts substantially as herein-
before described with reference respectively to and illustrated in Figs. 1, 2 and 3;
in Figs. 4 and 5; in Fig. 6; in Fig. 7; in Fig. 8; in Fig. 9; in Fig. 10; and in
Fig. 11 of the accompanying drawings for the purposes specified.
Dated this 30th day of July 1891.
L. VIALET-CHABRAND,
By L. W., per F. B.