IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING SAWS SUITABLE FOR GINNING COTTON, AND FOR OTHER USES
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Horace Leeman Emery, of Sloane Street, Chelsea,
in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING SAWS SUITABLE FOR GINNING COTTON, AND FOR
OTHER USES."-A communication from abroad by George Washington
Emery, of Albany, State of New York. United States of America.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Horace Leeman Emery
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 12th May 1863.
J, HORACE LEEMAN EMERY, of Sloane Street, Chelsea, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING SAWS SUITABLE FOR GINNING COTTON, AND
FOR OTHER USES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for manu-
facturing saws suitable for ginning cotton and for other uses.
In order to form the teeth of a saw the disc or circular plate of steel from
which the saw is to be produced is mounted on an axis, on which is also a
ratchet wheel having a number of teeth equal to (or it may be a multiple of)
the number of teeth to be cut in the saw. At right angles to the plane of the
disc is a stiff bar, which is capable of sliding longitudinally in guides on
the frame of the machine, and this motion is given to the sliding bar by a

page_text: crank arm on an axis, which has a vibratory motion given to it by a con-
necting rod actuated by a crank shaft driven by steam or other power, or the
sliding bar may be caused to slide to and fro in its guides by other convenient
means. It carries a punch by which the teeth of the saw are cut out. This
punch is a piece of steel of the same triangular section from end to end, one
of the angles of the triangle corresponding in form with the teeth to be cut.
It is hardened from end to end, and can be employed for a long time. It is
readily kept sharp by grinding at the end occasionally. By means of screw
clips the punch is secured to the sliding bar. Beneath the punch a die of
corresponding form is placed, it is formed of two pieces of steel, with straight
sides; they are placed at an angle the one with the other, equal to the angle of
the punch, so that the punch may be just able to pass down between them.
The two pieces of steel to form the die are mounted on a metal plate, on which
there is a stud or projection, and the pieces of steel are placed against the
stud or projection and there held by a ring, which passes over them and over
the stud, and is tightened up by means of a screw.
When the die has been
thus built up, it is placed truly in its position under the punch, and is there held
down, this is done by means of a lever turning on a centre carried by the frame.
The inner end of this lever, which is forked, rests on the die plate, whilst the outer
end is forced upwards by means of a screw.
When the machine is at work
the punch cuts a tooth in the saw disc at each descent, the disc being caused
to revolvo step by step by a driver actuated by the cranked axis. This propels
the ratchet wheel on the axis of the disc a step forward for each descent of the
punch. The axis on which the saw disc is mounted is capable of being adjusted
in its distance from the punch to suit different sizes of saws, and it can also bo
adjusted laterally to regulate the angle of the tooth without shifting the punch
and its die. When the teeth have been thus cut in the saw disc, they require to
be finished by filing. For ginning cotton the tooth should be pointed and
rounded at the edges, so as to give to it the shape of a thorn. For this purpose
the saw is removed to another machine, in which also it is mounted on an axis, on
which there is a ratchet wheel to rotate the saw step by step, so as to pass from
one tooth to another, as before. Over the saw is a frame, which can be set at
any desired inclination; it carries a slide, to which a to-and-fro motion can
be given by a crank and connecting rod, or otherwise. On the slide is au
axis, and this carries a lever, to which the file for filing the teeth is fixed, and
this is pressed downwards against the teeth by a spring, except when in con-
sequence of the lever coming against a suitable stop, the lever is lifted to
allow the saw to move round a step. The lever can be moved laterally
along its axis, so as to bring the file to such a position that its motion to and

page_text: fro may be parallel with the face of the tooth of the saw on which it is to act.
The file employed may be an ordinary triangular saw-cutting file. Two files,
with their levers on the same axis, may be worked together, the one to file one
side or face of each tooth, and the other the other side or face. When the
teeth have been thus filed on one side of the saw, the saw is turned over and
similarly filed on the other side. The axis on which the saw is mounted can
be raised and lowered, and by this means the stroke of the file may be further
adjusted. In some cases I do not fix the files to their levers, but arrange
them so that they can partially rotate thereon, and by guides 1 give to the
files a partial rotation whilst they are moving to and fro with their levers.
This motion causes the files to round the teeth of the saw more completely
than they otherwise would.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Horace Leeman Emery in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 12th November 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HORACE
LEEMAN EMERY, of Sloane Street, Chelsea, in the County of Middlesex, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twelfth day of May, in the year of our Lord Ono
thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-sixth year of Iler
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Horace Leeman Emery, ler special licence that I, the said Пlorace
Lecman Emery, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as J, the said Horace Leeman Emery, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING SAWS SUITABLE
FOR GINNING COTTON, AND OTHER USES," a communication to mo from abroad
by George Washington Emery, of Albany, State of New York, United States.
of America, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Horace
Leeman Emery, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what

page_text: manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in tho
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said IIorace Leeman Emery, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
These improvements relate to a class of labor-saving machines which, while
saving a very largo per-centage of such labor, produce much more and better
work, and with greater conformity and expedition, thereby greatly cheapening
and improving the production. They consist of a series of tools, each adapted
to the other and to the work, for the manufacturing circular saws, and
especially that class of saws used for ginning cotton, but readily adjustable
for making saws for other purposes.
Figure 1 is a general perspective front and side view of that portion of the
machinery which operates the punches, dies, &c. for cutting the teeth in the
edges of the circular steel discs which are placed therein. The framework is
made of wood, but any other suitable material and modification of the form or
construction of the frame may be used to suit the convenience or wishes of the
user. The large central frame which receives the working parts is, by pre-
ference, of iron and mounted upon the frame before described. Figure 2 is
an elevation of a portion of the vertical punch bar, showing the top end of
the punch and its set cam above it to check the punch. Figure 3 is a front
elevation of the lower end of the punch bar, showing the lower portion of the
punch with its lower clamp bolt, which holds the punch to the bar. Figure 4
is a cross section in the line of 1-2 in Figure 3 of the punch bar, punch-clamp
bolt, and punch. Figure 5 is a side elevation of the lower end of the punch
bar, punch, and the clamp bolt holding the punch. Figure 6 is a plan of the
forked lever clamp which holds down and in position the die stock and dies
into which the punch penetrates. Figure 7 is an elevation of Figure 6, showing
the dies and mode of confining them to the stock, also the ring clamp, and
screw for the same. Figure 8 is a longitudinal section of the dio stock
detached from the machine. Figure 9 is one of the two steel bars which form
the die between which the punch operates.
The frame in Figure 1 is about thirty inches high, upon which the middle
iron frame N, N, for receiving the working parts is fixed. The bed of this
middle iron is made solid with the two side posts or columns, and the two
cross bars N¹, N', midway up, while the top ends of the columns are fitted
with bearings for supporting a strong horizontal shaft N". The cross bars

page_text: N', N', are also fitted to receive a vertical shaft or punch bar C. The shaft N"
is made with a side projection or jaws directly over the punch bar C for the
purpose of receiving the upper end of the link N, which link is connected
at its lower end with the top end of the punch bar C, these connections being
so arranged that the partial revolution of the shaft N" raises and lowers the
punch bar C. One end of this shaft N" extends past the side of the frame
sufficiently to receive upon it a pendulum lever N, which extends down-
ward near to the bed of the frame N, N. Near the rear end of the wood
frame is fitted crosswise a driving shaft II with its tight and loose pulleys, and
carrying upon one end of it, outside of the frame, an iron fly wheel H' for
controlling and steadying the motions of the machine; this wheel H' is in the
same plane with the pendulum lever N, and has a wrist or crank pin fitted
in its side. A connecting rod II" is attached at one end to the crank pin, and
at the other end to the lower end of the pendulum lever N. The purpose
of this arrangement is to give to the shaft N" a partial revolution at every
complete revolution of the fly wheel F³ as the pendulum N makes one
vibration for each turn of said wheel. This motion of the shaft N" gives one
complete stroke of the punch bar C for every turn of the wheel H. A and A¹
are circular clamps or flanges for holding between them the circular steel
plates with their edges projecting only sufficiently to pass under the punch to
form the teeth; these clamps serve to rotate the plate step by step at each
stroke of the punch. The lower clamp A' is made fast upon the vertical
shaft E and moves with it; the top clamp A is removeable for putting on and
taking off the plates, and when put on is held down firmly to the saw plato
by the hand nut upon the top end of the shaft E, which extends up through
it for the purpose. The shaft E has fitted upon it, between its bearings, an
index ratchet wheel F containing a number of teeth equal to or a multiple of
the number of teeth to be made in the saw plate. This wheel F is moved
round step by step by means of a pall or ratchet bar G, which extends from
this wheel F to the shaft H, where it is attached by excentric straps G' to
excentrics upon the shaft H; these excentrics and the wrist pin in the fly
wheel H¹ are so arranged relatively as to cause the index wheel F to bo
stationary while the punch C' is descending, and to move on for the next tooth
while the punch is ascending. B and B' shews the die stock and die clamps
with the set screws which are attached to the base of the frame N, N, for
adjusting and holding the dies in position for the punch C'. L. is a forked
lever clamp with its tightening wheel at M for holding down the die stock B
when it has been adjusted by the set screws.
S is a bent lever fulcruming
upon one of the cross bars N', with its lower end resting upon the top of the

page_text: saw plate at the point over the dies and close to the punch C', the other end
extending upward along one side of the iron frame N, the purpose of this
lever being to hold tightly down upon the top of the dies, the edge of the plate
being punched, so as to prevent it vibrating up and down by the action of
the punch, and to prevent the chips from getting between the plate and the
top of the dies, which would, without this or a similar device, get in and cause
the teeth or the punch, or both, to be broken; the lever is pressed down upon
the plate by simply placing a small wedge between its upper end and the side
of the frame N; this wedge is removed and replaced with each new plate as
they are put into the machine. P, P, is an adjustable plate attached to the
base of the iron frame N, N, furnished with four-way set screws for holding
and adjusting the upper bearing for the shaft E so as to accommodate the saw
plate to the punch and dies for different diameters of plates and different
forms of teeth and spaces between them; this upper bearing being sufficiently
spherical, it permits the shaft E to be moved either into a vertical or an
inclined position, as required, for giving the proper position of the saw plate
to the punch and dies to ensure perfectly clear and good teeth. The lower
end of the shaft E is supported in a step R, which is adjustable up and down
several inches to raise the saw plate to fit the punch and dies, as may be
required, to accommodate their wear or for other purposes; this step R is
mounted upon moveable supporting bars R1, R2, and may be moved in any
direction horizontally to adapt the machine to different diameters of plates, or
for different angles of teeth, or both, or to maintain a vertical or an inclined
position to the shaft E, as the nature of the work requires.
Figure 2 is a front elevation of a portion of one side of the punch bar C,
showing the upper end of the punch C', and its adjusting cam C, and the
bolt holes i, ii, for adjusting the cam in different positions up and down
the bar C to accommodate the length of the punch C', as it wears away as the
punch C always rests its upper end against the cam C when in operation;
Figure 3 is a front elevation of a portion of the punch bar C, showing its
lower end and the lower end of the punch C', and its attachment to the bar
by its lower clamp bolt C"; Figure 4 is a cross section taken in a lino 1, 2,
Figure 3 of the punch bar C, the punch C', and the clamp bolt C"; Figure 5
is a side elevation of the lower end of punch bar C, the punch C', and the
clamp bolt C"; Figure 6 is a plan view of the die stock B and B', the ring
die clamp B, and its tightening screw and the dies B", also the forked
lever L for holding down the die stock B, the fulcrum being at L', in the
piece L, and the tightening screw and wheel at M; Figure 7 is a side
elevation of Figure 6; Figure 8 is a longitudinal section of the dio stuck

page_text: Band B', with a stop screw B for supporting the lower ends of the dies
B"; Figure 9 is one of the two steel bars or plates forming the die B" into
which the punch penetrates at each stroke. The punches are made parallel,
and of any required length of solid steel, and of the form of a knife blade,
with one thick and one thin and almost sharp edge. This is uniformly tem-
pered in its whole length, and is sharpened by simply grinding the ends square
across from time to time as they become dull from wear; the punch is moved
down as it is worn off, and its clamps and cam readjusted at each grinding.
The dies are in two parts, made also of solid steel bars, with straight, square,
and parallel sides and ends, and fitted so that all the edges and corners of both
are working edges, thus giving to each half of the die no less than eight
corners or edges to be worn or dulled before recourse to grinding becomes
necessary. These like the punch are evenly tempered their whole length, and
are sharpened in the same way by grinding their ends, only they are ground
while fitted in place in the stock by removing the stock from the machine for
the purpose. The lower ends of these dies rest upon an adjusting screw B"",
which is turned up from time to time as the dies become shortened by wear,
until they, like the punch, are all worn up. In setting the dies they are placed
together, with their faces in contact, and inserted in the recess in the stock,
and the ring clamp is placed around them, and over the portion of the
stock B; then the dies aro separated or opened out at one edge while they
remain in contact at the other, so as to exactly fit the two diverging faces of
the punch when the tightening screw of the clamp is turned, and the dies held
fast, and are ready for being placed in position under the punch for work.
The size, form, and number of teeth in the saw plate depend upon the form
of the punch C, and set of the dies B", the position of the saw plate relatively
with the dies, and the number of the teeth on the index wheel F. The opening
through the die stock B, and through the bed plato of the frame N, N, admit
of the ready passage down of the chips as they fall from the punch.
I claim as respects this part of the Invention the general construction and
arrangement of machines for cutting the teeth of saws as herein-before
described. Also, the arranging the axis on which the disc to be cut is
mounted, so that it can be set at any required inclination, and in any required
position as respects the punch. Also the making the punch of a V-formed bar
of the same section throughout, and hardened from end to end. Also the
making the dies of two flat bars of uniform section throughout, hardened from
end to end, and set in position and secured to a die stock in the manner
described. Also, the method of holding down, adjusting, and clamping the
die stock in position.

page_text: The next process after striking the teeth in the plates is smoothing and
sharpening, and for cotton gins, for rounding them in their length in the
form of a thorn, also rounding and smoothing them at their roots or bottoms.
To this end the toothed plates are put into the following described machine,
where this finish is given to them, and which completes them for use. In
each of the Figures 10, 11, and 12, like letters refer to like parts of the
machine and processes; Figure 10 is a side elevation of the filing machine;
Figure 11 is a front elevation of Figure 10, showing two sets of gear operating
two files at the same time, but on different sides of the saw plates; Figure
12 is a plan of the double filer of Figures 11 and 12, with one saw plate in
position and one removed to better show the several parts. In this as in tho
tooth-cutting machine the saw plate is clamped between two collars or flanges,
the top flange being removable and held down in the same manner by a band
nut upon the top end of the shaft, which extends through for the purpose. The
revolving motion of the saw plates aro effected step by step by means of a
pall actuated by the to-and-fro motion of the vibrating part of tho machine
acting upon one of the index or ratchet wheels upon the vertical shaft, these
wheels being made precisely similar to those described in the tooth-cutting
machine. These shafts are also mounted in an adjustable step at their bottom
ends, while their upper bearings are spherical, and placed nearly up to the
flanges for holding the saw plates. These upper bearings are also affixed in
adjustable plates for the purpose of setting the shaft in the proper position
horizontally for presenting the teeth of the saw plates to be properly acted
upon by the file; the step at the bottom end of the shaft is mounted upon a
moveable hanger in such a manner that it may be moved in any direction
horizontally for preserving the vertical position of the shaft, or inclining it at
pleasure in any direction which may better suit the teeth of the plate to the
action of the file. The index wheels may be actuated by excentrics as in the
tooth-cutting process, or by the vibrating arm, as shown in Figure 10. In this
process the teeth are not only smoothed and sharpened, but for gin saws are
rounded by a rolling combined with a rocking motion, which is imparted to the
file during its to-and-fro movements. The index wheel is provided with a
stop motion, so as to cease revolving beyond the point of beginning upon the
saw plate, and the file is caused to be lifted from the teeth during the back-
ward movement, and it descends upon the plate, and is held down upon
the teeth with any desired degree of force during its forward movement,
such force varying as required during this forward motion. The file also
remains lifted after the saw plate has completed each revolution. The length
of the stroke and action of the file is adjusted by placing the wrist piu in the

page_text: driving wheel at different distances from the axis of the said driving wheel, and
by adjusting the lift and drop motion of the file off and on to the teeth. The
stationary bar which guides the to-and-fro motion of the sliding stock is
mounted at each end in ball bearings, for the purpose of being adjusted upward
or downward at one or both ends, to give a horizontal or an inclining motion
to the file stock in either direction to suit the angles of the teeth. The height
of the saw plate itself also may be adjusted up or down by its mountings,
so as to present any plane necessary to the action of the file.
Figure 10, A, A, is a main vibrating vertical arm mounted with its lower
end near the bottom of the machine by a slotted bearing upon a fixed pin at A';
this arm extends upwards past the top of the frame to A*. In the upper
portion of this arm near the top of the frame, is a long vertical slot extending
from a to b', as shown by dotted lines. Above this slot the arm A has two
short horizontal branches or arms C¹ forming its bearings or trunnions; theso
short arms are made of rounded form, and are fitted into corresponding bearings
in the sliding sleeve stock Kat right angles with the motion of the said
stock K', which are also at right angles with the motions of the main arm A.
B, B, are strong short shafts carrying upon their inner ends the wheels b, b, b,
into which wheels are fitted crank pins, as shown at at the top ends of the
slots in the main arms; these wheels are made to receive a band, and aro
provided with flanges to keep the bands in place, and are so situated on the
machino that the wrist pins enter and move in the slots a' and 'before
described. C is a small tubular shaft or lever passing through the arm A, and
mounted upon centres within the trunnions C¹, and these centres are held
between pointed adjustable thumb bolts, which screw into the ends of the
trunnions C¹; these tubular levers are for carrying and operating the small shafts
or file handles D, which carry the files at their forward end, and are controlled
by springs and cams at the rear end. D is a small steel shaft or file handle,
which passes along the tubular lever C. Near the sliding stock K' theso
shafts are off-set for the purpose of receiving two chucks d, d, on each for
holding the files d', d', in such a position that the lower working angles or
edges are in a right line with the centres of that part of the steel shaft which
are within the tube levers C. With the files d', d, in this position, these
shafts or file bandles may be partially or completely revolved within the tubes C
without displacing the working edges of the files, thus causing the edges to
become the axis of such revolving motion. Near to the offset short perpen-
dicular arms D³, about three inches in length, are fixed to the under side of these
steel shafts D, with an eye or ring in their lower ends for receiving one end of
the horizontal rods D³, the other end of which rods extend horizontally at

page_text: nearly a right angle to the motion of the shaft D to rings or staples in tho
middle frame timber at Dax; these rods are about ten to twelvo inches
in length for filing teeth of gin saws. a", a", are stiff arms or levers attached
at the extreme top ends of the main arms at A*, and extend along over the
tubular levers C upon these arms, and at a point nearly over the lower ends of
the said lever at a is affixed a spring, which is also connected to the said
lever C (a gum elastic band makes a good spring) for the purpose of lifting
the said lever C at this end, while at the same time it depresses the other end
which carries the file, thus giving any required degree of pressure to the file
for working. These arms a" also support hangers D' for carrying the lifting
cams or clutch d i these hangers may be fixed at any point along the
arms a where it is found to be necessary. The cam-shaped clutches d
extend from this arm a" to the tubular lever C, and by being turned backward
and forward serve to widen or narrow the space between said arm all and the
lever C, the spring a serving to always lift the said lever C up towards this
cam, whatever may be the position given to it. dare stationary arms fixed
to the upright portions of the frame J, and extending along the sides of the
cams d. Upon the stationary arms d" are mounted adjustable slotted
bars C, which together form stops for the purpose of moving the cams d
at each end of the stroke by means of pins o³, which are fixed in the side of
said cams. These pins being placed below the joints of the cams, by which
they are attached to the hanger d', are checked in their to-and-fro-motion ;
these pins o' coming in contact with tho slotted stops C", and thus change the
positions of the cams, which change causes the levers C to rise or fall, and
thereby lift or depress the files from the saw plate. This lifting and lowering
the files & may be accomplished in several ways, the one described being well
adapted to this construction of the machine. N is the main driving shaft of
the machine, and fitted to it are the wheels n, n, for carrying the bands o, o,
which drive the wheels b, b, on the shafts B; the bands O, O, which pass round
theso wheels n, n, and b, b, b, are made so slack or loose that they will not drive
when left loosely, as shewn in the Figure 10, and when so slackened the
movement of the wheels b, b, is instantly stopped. To start the wheels b, b,
and the machine it is therefore necessary to bring the band o, o, tight upon the
pulleys 6 and n, which is done by means of intermediate pulleys p, p, which
are mounted upon lever hangers p" in such a manner that by inclining forward
said lover hangers, the pulleys p are brought hard upon the slack side of the
bands o, o, which instantly causes sufficient tension to the bands o, o, to drive
the wheels b, b. To the top ends of these lovers at 2" is fixed a horizontal
handle p, which extends through the frame of the machine to the front end,

page_text: where it is convenient for the operator to move it at pleasure. These handles
are also fitted with catches inside of the frame posts X for holding them in
position while the machine is working, and which catches are detached by
moveable lugs fixed in the ratchet wheel G', which lugs strike against tho
catches, when each revolution of said wheel is completed. By means of
simple springs or weights attached to the top ends of the levers at p", the
wheels p, p, are instantly drawn back from the bands o, o, when these catches
are detached and the machine instantly stops; as each of the two sets of filing
wheels b, b, and bands o, o, o, act independent of the other, one can continue
moving on while the other is at rest, and the saw plates being removed,
replaced, and adjusted. With a good operator, both files should bo kept
running together three-fourths of the time, while but one at a time is stopped
only about one-fourth of the time.
Having described the different parts of the machine, I now describe its
operation simply by saying that by tightening the bands o, o, and giving motion
to the wheels b, b, the wrist pins 6' in the said wheels 6 moving in the
slots a, b, in the main arms A cause the top end of the said arms to vibrate
to and fro, the lines of these vibrations being governed by the sliding stocks K¹
(which carry the trunnions or branches C' of the arms A) moving along the
stationary bars K; these stationary bars being raised or lowered in the frame
at their bearings at k, they may assume an inclined position by adjusting either
end higher or lower by moving up or down the frame pieces J, or borizontal,
as in Figure 10. The trunnions or branches C' of the arms A are provided
with thumb centre bolts c', which suspend through an aperture near the top.
ends of the levers a, the tubular levers c, which levers in turn carry within
them the file bandles D with the files d' mounted upon the forward ends and
tension springs attached to the rear ends of the tubes c, and the stiff arms a"
directly over them; these stiff arms being attached to the top ends of the
levers a move with them as do the levers c. To the arms all are also attached
the cams d or clutches for holding and raising and lowering the rear ends of
the tube levers c; these cains du being moved up and down upon the said
levers c by means of their side pins o', o', coming in contact with the slotted
stops c; these stops being fixed and adjusted along the stationary arms d",
projecting from the frame of the machine and parallel with the movement of
the cams d. The file bandles D, by means of the downward stems or
levers D and the horizontal rods D³, which connect the lower ends of D³ with
the middle timber of the frame at D**, receive a partial rolling motion during the
to-and-fro motion of the levers A by the toggle joint action between D³ and D³.
The raising and lowering of the files and the pressure upon them have been

page_text: described. By this arrangement of the machine the files d' have almost an
unlimited adjustment and variety of motions to suit them to the various
circumstances required.
I claim as respects this part of my Invention the general arrangement or
combination of machinery, as herein-before described, for filing the teeth of
saws.
Also, the so arranging the axis which carries the saw and the file holder
that both the position and the inclination of the file in respect to the saw may
bo adjusted so as to enable the file to produce exactly the form of tooth
required.
Also, the so arranging the apparatus that the file is raised from the saw
during the return motion, and the saw rotated the space of a tooth whilst the
file is so raised.
Also, the so arranging the apparatus that the file is caused to roll at tho
same time that it moves forward so as to produce a rounded or thorn-shaped
tooth, suitable for the saws of cotton ginning machines.
In witness whereof, I, the said Horace Leeman Emery, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twelfth day of November, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.