Improvements in Frost Nails, Studs, Screws, Cogs, and Toe Pieces for Horse Shoes
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 2nd June, 1893
Complete Specification Left, 1st Mar., 1894-Accepted, 7th Apr., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Frost Nails, Studs, Screws, Cogs, and Toe Pieces
for Horse Shoes.
I, BENJAMIN WATKINS, of 4, Swan Street, Longlands, Stourbridge,
Worcestershire, Nail Merchant and Commercial Traveller, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows :-
This invention has reference to all kinds of frost nails and removable studs,
screws, cogs and toe pieces for horse shoes. At the present time it is customary
to make the head or that portion of the frost uail, stud, screw cog or toe piece
which projects below the horse shoe and comes in contact with the ground, chisel
shaped or bluntly pointed so as to give a good foot hold but it is well known that
the chisel edge or blunt point soon wears round and then the frost nail, stud screw,
cog or toe piece has to be renewed.
By my invention I so construct the said frost nails, studs, screws, cogs or toe
pieces that as they wear down they will still present a blunt edge or blunt edges to
the ground and thus prevent the horse slipping until the head portion is almost
entirely worn away.
In carrying out my invention instead of making the head of the frost nail, stud,
screw, cog or toe piece solid as heretofore I form one or more cross slots in the
same so as to partly divide the head into two or more portions. As the head of
the frost nail, stud, screw, cog or toe piece wears down the sides of these cross slots
forin blunt edges and thus retain the frictional hold upon the ground
Dated this 1st day of June 1893
CHARLES BOSWORTH KETLEY,
Agent for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Frost Nails, Studs, Screws, Cogs, and Toe Pieces
for Horse Shoes.
I, BENJAMIN WATKINS, of 4, Swan Street, Louglands, Stourbridge,
Worcestershire, Nail Merchant and Commercial Traveller, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention has reference to all kinds of frost nails and removable studs,
screws, cogs and toc pieces for horse shoes. At the present time it is customary
to make the head or that portion of the frost nail, stud, screw, cog or toe piece
which projects below the horse shoe and comes in contact with the ground, chisel
shaped or bluntly pointed so as to give a good foot hold but it is well known that
the chisel edge or blunt point soon wears round and then the frost nail, stud, screw,
cog or toe piece has to be renewed.
By my invention I so construct the said frost nails studs, screws, cogs or toe
pieces that as they wear down they will still present a blunt edge or blunt edges to
the ground and thus prevent the horse slipping until the head portion is almost
entirely worn away.

page_text: In carrying out my invention instead of making the head of the frost nail, stud,
Fcrew, cog or toe piece solid as heretofore I form one or more cross slots in the
same so as to partly divide the head into two or more portions. As the head of the
frost nail, stud, screw, cog or toe piece wears down the sides of these cross slots
form blunt edges and thus retain the frictional hold upon the ground.
Having described the nature of my invention I will now proceed to describe
in what manner the same is to be performed reference being had to the
accompanying sheet of drawings which illustrates examples of frost nails studs
screws cogs or toe-pieces made according to this invention.
Fig. 1 is a general view of a frost nail with the head made according to this
invention and Fig. 2 shews the same frost nail when somewhat worn down ;
Fig. 3 shews a modified form of the said frost nail;
Figs. 4, 5 and 6 are general views of frost studs with the heads or wearing parts
made according to this invention;
Figs. 7, 8, 9 and 16 are general views of cogs or toe-pieces with their heads
constructed according to this invention;
Figs. 11 and 12 shew how my invention may be applied to those cogs or toe
pieces made with nail shanks as described in the Specification of my Letters
Patent No. 22739 of A.D. 1891, and
Fig. 13 shews another form of frost nail with the head made in accordance with
this invention.
The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in all the figures of the
drawing.
By an examination of my drawing it will be seen that in each case the head A
of the frost nail stud screw cog or toe piece is not made solid as heretofore but has
formed in it one or more cross slots so as to partly divide the head into two or more
portions; for instance in the frost nail shewn by Fig. 1 the head A is partly
divided into two portions marked respectively c¹c by the V shaped cross slot
which passes across the head from side to side and thus divides the head into two
blunt edges marked respectively c³ ³ which have a better frictional hold upon the
ground than has the usual frost nail made with only one blunt edge. As these
edges wear down for instance as shewn by Fig. 2 the sides of the cross slot b¹ still
form the two blunt edges c¹ c* until the head is worn right down to the bottom of
the cross slot b'.
The head A of the frost nail shewn by Fig. 3 has two of the cross slots marked
respectively b³ running across the head at right angles and thus dividing it into
four blunt edges marked respectively c² c³ ³ c².
The frost stud shewn by Figs. 4 and 6 have each one cross slot like that in the
frost nail shewn by Figs. 1 and 2 partly dividing the head A into two portions and
forming the two blunt edges c¹ c³.
The frost stud shewn by Fig. 5 has two cross slots b¹ 6ª at right angles like the
frost nail shewn by Fig. 3.
In each of the cogs or toe pieces shewn by Fige. 7, 11 and 12 respectively the
head A is partly divided into two portions c¹ c² by a single cross slot 61 extending
across the head from end to end and these heads may if desired be again partly
subdivided by other cross slots from side to side for instance as shewn by Figs.
and 10 thus forming the head with several blunt edges and increasing the frictional
hold upon the ground. Or as shewn by Fig. 9 the longitudinal cross slot b¹ may
be omitted and the head be divided by one or more cross slots such as * extending
across the head from side to side.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
The improvements in frost nails, studs, screws, cogs or toe pieces for horse shoes
to increase the frictional hold of the same upon the ground herein before described
and illustrated by the accompanying drawing, that is to say, making the head of

page_text: the frost nail, stud, screw, cog or toe piece with one or more cross slots therein
partly dividing the head into two or more portions for the purpose and substantially
as herein before set forth.
Dated this 27th day of February 1894.
CHARLES BOSWORTH KETLEY,
Agent for the Applicant.