Improvements in Combination Tools.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 27th July, 1893-Accepted, 2nd Sept., 1893
Improvements in Combination Tools.
I, HEINRICH Mark, Locksmith, of Duisburg (Crefelderstrasse No. 43^), in
the German Empire, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the said is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
The tool represented in the accompanying drawings may be employed as a pipe
wrench, or a pipe cutter, a spanner, a screw driver, or a hammer, or it may serve
the purpose of pliers or nippers. The peculiar feature of the appliance is the lower
cheek or jaw, adapted to slide upon the shank of the upper check or jaw, forming
the head of the tool; which lower jaw, in addition to being readily moveable and
adjustable on the said shank, is capable of special displacement, when the two
handle-arms of the tool are moved towards each other. The handle arm g¹ is for
this purpose pivoted to the jaw and provided with a pawl & adapted to engage
with a rack on the arm g. The pawl k, which is subjected to the influence of the
spring f, exercises a cam action at its pivoted rear end k', so that, when the arm g¹
is moved away from the shank g (forming the other arm), as shown in Figs. 1
and 7, the jaw 6 may be freely shifted upon the shank. Supposing now, that a
tool or similar article is inserted into one of the bits, the lower jaw raised, and the
tongs closed, the pawl, in this case, will engage with the rack of the arm g; and as
such pawl is inclined at an angle to the arm g', it necessarily brings the jaw b
closer to the jaw or head b, as the pivoted arm g' continues its closing movement.
The blank (or piece to be operated upon) is thus either firmly gripped, or provided
with the required cuts (teeth or recesses), or cut off, as the case may be. The
toothed or serrated bit or mouth (formed by the pair of jaws on one side) mainly
serves as a pipe wrench, while the smooth mouth (on the opposite side) is intended
to serve as a spanner or screw wrench. The projecting edges or beaks a of the
serrated mouth come into operation, when the tool is used as pliers. To render the
tool serviceable for cutting pipes, the smooth part of the lower jaw may be so
recessed, as to receive a circular cutter s (Figs. 4 and 6), its spindle being supported
in semicircular recesses v, in which it freely revolves. To enable the tool to be
used for cutting wire or the like, the lower jaw is so arranged, that a cutting
edge c (Figs. 7, 8 and 9) may be located in or on it. For this purpose, a dove-tail
groove may be provided in the jaw b', into which the cutting blade c (fitted with a
projection of corresponding shape) may be inserted. A counter part of such
cutting blade may also be located in the upper jaw b. By removing the shank or
from the moveable jaw b¹, the part bg may be fitted for use as a hammer.
The lower end of the handle or shank g is sharpened, so that it may be employed as
a screw driver.
arm
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is ;-
1. A tool adapted for use as tongs (for pipes or the like), as a screw wrench, and
for other purposes, the said tool comprising in its construction a pair of jaws, the
upper one of which is formed on a toothed handle, while the lower one is mounted
on the said handle and provided with a ratchet pawl adapted to engage with the
teeth of the same handle when the pivoted handle of the lower jaw approaches that
of the upper jaw within a certain distance (and not before), thus allowing the lower
jaw to slide towards the object to be gripped, after which the lower jaw is shifted
towards the upper jaw and the article gripped fast, by the further closing of the
handles, substantially as described.

page_text: 2. A tool of the type specified in the first claim, one of the jaws having also a
recess adapted to receive a cutting disc or rotary cutter, together with its axle,
for the purpose of enabling the tool to be used in cutting pipes, substantially as
.described.
3. In a tool of the type specified in the first claim, a dove-tail groove n, in com-
bination with a cutting blade c carrying a corresponding rib or projection, for the
purpose of cutting wire or the like, substantially as described.
Dated this 27th day of July 1893.
}
H. MARK,
By Fairfax & Wetter,
433, Strand, London, Agents.