IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MAKING AND PRESSING BRICKS
Year: 1885

page_text: I JAMES FARMER of Adelphi Iron Works Salford in the County of Lancaster
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of my invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR MAKING AND PRESSING BRICKS," to be as follows :—
This invention relates to that class of continuous brick making machine wherein
the clay from a pug-mill is forced into moulds in the periphery of a revolving
cylinder.
I mount the pug mill in a horizontal position with a pair of grinding rollers
above it.
The mouth or open end of the "pug-mill" abuts against the periphery of a
cylinder the axis of which is also in a horizontal position in a line with the centre
of the pugmill but at right angles thereto. The cylinder is driven by spur gearing
from a main driving shaft and the rollers and pug mill shaft is driven by bevil
gear from the same shaft.
The moulds are rectangular openings made through the cylinders and radiating
towards the centre, the bottom of each mould being formed by a movable piston
bereinafter described.
The number of moulds in the cylinder may be varied but for the sake of
illustration I will describe a machine having sixteen moulds that is eight pairs.
On the end of the cylinder shaft I key or otherwise fix a spur wheel gearing
with a spur pinion similarly keyed or fixed on a crankshaft mounted in suitable
bearings on the frame of the machine above the cylinder.
The spur pinion must be one eighth the diameter of the spur wheel which drives
it and the throw of the crank will be equal to the pitch line diameter of the spur
pinion; so that the crankshaft will make one revolution to each eighth of a
revolution of the cylinder. On the crank is hung a block to which are attached
two dies corresponding with the pair of recesses or moulds on the cylinder and as
the crank shaft and cylinder revolve together the pair of dies will be forced down
and raised up again once for the passage of each pair of moulds.
The die-block is carried in slides formed in a pair of rocking levers mounted on
the axle of the cylinder. These levers will be caused to rock to and fro as the
crankshaft revolves, and hence the dies can enter and leave the moulds in an exact
radial direction notwithstanding the continuous motion of the cylinder.

page_text: Projecting lugs are attached to or formed with the pistons in the moulds and are
provided with rollers which run in grooves in a fixed cam and these grooves are so
formed that the pistons (forming the bottom of the moulds) are held in place while
the moulds are filled by the pugmill and pressed by the dies but will be projected
forwards so as to force the bricks out of the dies just as they pass the lowest point
beneath the axis.
The moulds can be lubricated in any ordinary manner between this point and
the mouth of the pugmill.
I also make arrangements for heating the cylinder dies with steam, or hot air, by
casting a recess around each mould box; the steam or hot air enters into the
inside of the cylinder through the centre of the fixed axle, which is made hollow
for that purpose. The said fixed axle carries the inside cams which actuate the
pistons and by means of a recess cast in the centre boss of the cylinder and fitted
with a stuffing gland, and small pipes connecting each mould with the said recess,
the moulds are heated, thereby saving a considerable amount of lubricant, besides
partially drying the bricks and making them much better for handling.
I also prefer to make the die moulds separate from the cylinder so that when
a set of moulds are worn out a fresh set can be put in their place with very little
trouble or loss of time.
Dated thin orth down of Contambon 190K

page_text: I JAMES FARMER of Adelphi Iron Works Salford in the County of Lancaster
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of my invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR MAKING AND PRESSING BRICKS and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement
This invention relates to that class of continuous brick making machines wherein
the clay from a pugmill is forced into moulds formed in or attached to the periphery
of a revolving cylinder.
The nature of my said invention and the manner in which the same is to be
performed will be readily understood on reference to the annexed two sheets of
drawings and the following explanation thereof.
.
On Sheet 1. of the drawings Fig. 1. is a plan view and Fig. 2. an elevation of a
brick making and pressing machine made according to my invention.
On Sheet 2 of the drawings, Fig. 3 is a transverse section and Fig. 4 a longitudinal
section of the principal working parts thereof.
In a convenient frame a, a I mount the pugmill b, b in a horizontal position with
a pair of guiding rollers c, c above the same.
The mouth or open end 6x, 6x of the pugmill abuts against the periphery of a
cylinder d, d which is formed with hollow bosses or sleeves e, e revolving upon a
fixed shaft or axis e*, e* which is also in a horizontal position in a line with the
centre of the pugmill but at right angles thereto.
The cylinder d, d is driven by means of spur gearing f, f and intermediate
shaft ff from a main driving shaft g, g and the rollers c, c are connected
together by spur wheels h, h and driven by bevil gear i, i from the intermediate
shaft f,f
The moulds are rectangular openings k, k made through the cylinder d, d and
radiating towards the centre thereof, the bottom of each mould being formed by a
movable piston 7, hereinafter described.
The number of moulds in the cylinder may be varied but for the sake of illustra-
tion I have shown on the drawings and will here describe a machine having sixteen
moulds that is eight pairs (see Figs. 3 and 4).
The spur wheel f,f on one end of the hollow boss or sleeve e, e of the cylinder
also gears with a spur pinion f*, similarly keyed or fixed on a crankshaft m, m
mounted in suitable bearings n, n on the frame a, a of the machine, above the
cylinder d, d. The spur pinion f³, must be one eighth of the diameter of the spur
wheelf, which drives it and the throw of the crank m*, m* will be equal to the
pitch line diameter of the spur pinion f*, so that the crankshaft m, m (and crank)
will make one revolution to each eighth of a revolution of the cylinder d, d.
On the crankshaft m* is hung at each end a block o, o connected together by a
bar to which is attached two dies q, q corresponding with the pair of recesses or
moulds k, k on the cylinder d, d and as the crank shaft m, m and cylinder d, d
revolve together (that is at the same surface speed) the pair of dies q, q will be
forced down and raised up again once for the passage of each pair of moulds.
The die-blocks o, o are carried in slides formed in a pair of rocking levers r, r
mounted on the boss or sleeve e, c of the cylinder d, d.

page_text: These levers T, T will be caused to rock to and fro as the crankshaft m, m
revolves, and hence the dies q, q can enter and leave the moulds k, k in an
exact radial direction notwithstanding the continuous revolving motion of the
cylinder d, d.
Projecting lugs 8, 8 are attached to or formed with the pistons 1, 1 in the moulds
and are provided with rollers t, t which run in grooves in fixed cams u u, and these
grooves are so formed that the pistons 7, 7 (forming the bottom of the moulds) are
held in place whilst the moulds k, k are being filled by the pugmill b, b and pressed
by the dies q, q but will be projected forwards so as to force the bricks out of the
moulds k, k just as they pass the lowest point beneath the axis as shown clearly at
Fig. 3. The moulds can be lubricated in any ordinary manner between this point
and the mouth of the pugmill and as the bricks leave the moulds they may be
received upon an endless travelling belt v, v or other known device for removing
them from the machine.
I also sometimes make arrangements for heating the cylinder moulds with steam,
ar hot air, by casting a recess w, w around each mould box (see Fig. 4), the steam
or hot air enters into the inside of the cylinder through the centre of the fixed
axle e*, ex which is made hollow for that purpose.
The said fixed axle ex, ex carries the grooved cams u, u which actuate the
pistons, and by means of a recess cast in the centre boss or sleeve e, e of the
cylinder and fitted with a stuffing gland x, x and small pipes connecting each
mould with the said recess not shown on the drawing the moulds k, k are heated,
thereby saving a considerable amount of lubricant besides partially drying the
bricks and making, them much better for handling.
I also prefer to make the die moulds separate from the cylinder so that when a
set of moulds are worn out a fresh set can be put in their place with very little
trouble or loss of time.
•
It will be evident that my improved apparatus without the pug mill may be used
for pressing bricks, made by hand or otherwise.
'
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said a
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
First. The general construction and arrangement of apparatus constituting an
improved machine for making and pressing bricks substantially as hereinbefore
described and illustrated by the drawings annexed.
Secondly. I claim in a machine of the class hereinbefore referred to for making
and pressing bricks, the combination with the revolving mould cylinder, of the
crank shaft die-blocks, slides and rocking levers for pressing the bricks during the
revolution of the cylinder constructed arranged and operating substantially as and
for the purposes described and illustrated, and
3
4
Thirdly. The formation in the boss or bosses of the cylinders of machines of the.
class above referred to, of a steam space closed by a gland and communicating by.
pipes or otherwise with steam passages or spaces formed around the brick moulds,
the steam being supplied through suitable openings in the fixed axle, which is
made hollow for that purpose substantially as and for the purposes herein before 4
described.
GEORGE DAVIES,
Agent for the Applicant.