Improvements in Enamelling, Hardening-on, and Fret Kilns used by Earthenware and China Manufacturers, also in the Construction of Bakers' and Confectioners' Ovens.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd Aug., 1890-Accepted, 4th Oct., 1890
GAMEDI TUTION
Improvements in Enamelling, Hardening-on, and Fret Kilns used by
Earthenware and China Manufacturers, also in the Construction
of Bakers' and Confectioners' Ovens.
I, SAMUEL SAMBROOK of Copeland Street, Stoke upon Trent, Oven Builder,
do hereby declare the nature of the said invention and in what manner the same
is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
In the construction of an enamelling fret or hardening-on kiln it has hitherto
been usual to employ four or six fire mouths and for the fire therefrom to travel
under the floor of the oven to flues formed in the opposite wall which flues also
ascend vertically and meet similar flues rising vertically from immediately over the
openings to the fire mouths. From thence these flues have discharged the smoke
into a dome over the arch which covers the oven and which dome is gathered
upwards into a chimney stack.
Now my invention consists in constructing a kiln which only requires two fire
mouths instead of four or six as hitherto either of which fire mouths can be
used separately if desired to heat the corresponding part of the oven only and
this without any loss of heat but with a considerable economy in the consumption
of coal.
And in order that this my said invention may be the more readily understood and
carried into practical effect I have hereunto annexed drawings illustrative of my
improved kiln and of my improvements applied to bakers' ovens and will now
proceed to describe the same with the assistance of the several figures and letters of
reference marked thereon. The same letters of reference are used to indicate similar
parts throughout all the views.
Fig. 1 is a side elevation of an enamelling kiln constructed in accordance with
my invention and Fig. 2 is a sectional plan view of Fig. 1 below the kiln floor.
Fig. 3 is a plan view of the kiln floor and Fig. 4 a plan view taken over the
oven top Fig. is a transverse section of Fig. 2 on line C, C and Fig. 6 is a
longitudinal section of the kiln and furnace.
In performing my invention 1 arrange the two fire mouths or furnaces a a side by
side in the centre of the base of the kiln with a solid division wall b between them
and on the opposite sides of the furnace and at the back 1 arrange openings c c
leading into a set of cellular flues d d which at the four corners lead upwards into
horizontal zig-zag flues e e formed one above another within the sides and end walls
and across the arch or dome of the kiln oven c¹ and finally leading along the
passages ff over the kiln dome into the chimney 9. This chimney may be situated
centrally over the kiln if desired. c² is the entrance to the kiln oven c¹.
This arrangement enables me so to utilize and absorb the waste heat which has
hitherto escaped direct into the atmosphere as to do away with the necessity for four
or six mouths as aforesaid.
I fit each of the corner flues with dampers h so as to regulate the draught all over
the oven as I require it.
It will be obvious that this duplicate arrangement enables me to build a temporary
wall across the centre or other part of the kiln-oven and to use only one fire hole if
any time I require smaller kiln capacity.
at
Fig. 7 represents a front exterior view and Fig. 8 a transverse section of a bakers'
oven constructed on my improved principle. Fig. 9 is a longitudinal section of Fig. 8
partly through line E. E.
Figs. 10, 11, 12 and 13 are sections through A. A, B B, C C and D D respectively
in Fig. 8.
In constructing my improved bakers oven I form the same arrangement of cellular

page_text: fire flues as in the case of the kiln herein before described with their inlets j j
from (in this case both sides of) the furnace k but instead of the flames passing
thence into a series of zig-zag flues surrounding the oven as in the case of an
enamelling kiln I carry the same up through the corner flues into a series
of horizontal zig-zag flues m arranged above the curved roof of the oven n
and from thence into the chimney o. In some cases I arrange a pair of ovens one
above the other.
Beneath the floor of the oven n I also arrange a series of horizontal zig-zag air
flues through which a constant circulation of air is caused to flow through the
air grids r being in communication with the outer atmosphere.
This construction is also applicable to earthenware kilns.
Having thus particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is.
1st. The improvements in the construction and arrangement of earthenware and
china manufacturers kilns also applicable to bakers' and confectioners ovens
substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated on the accompanying
drawings.
2nd. In an enamelling, hardening-on or fret kiln the improved duplicate
construction in combination with the employment of cellular and zig-zag flues
communicating together and operating substantially as and for the purposes
herein before described and illustrated on the accompanying drawing.
3rd. In a baker's or confectioner's oven the improved combination of cellular and
zig-zag flues and air flues arranged and operating substantially as hereinbefore
described and illustrated on the accompanying drawing.
Dated this 19th day of August 1890.
JOHN G. WILSON,
Patent Office, 55, Market Street, Manchester, Agent for the Applicant.