IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Faulkner, of the City of Manchester, in
the County of Lancaster, Telegraph Engineer, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES,"
Sealed the 12th November 1875, and dated the 14th May 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Faulkner at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th May 1875..
I, JOHN FAULKNER, of the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Telegraph Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates particularly to the electro-magnet used for
actuating electric bells and indicators, telegraph sounders, Morse instru-
ments, semaphore signals, and pointsman's duplicates, and all other forms
of telegraph brass and iron separators, electric organs, electro-magnetic
and magneto-electric machines generally, and consists in using an iron
tube to cover the outside of the coil or bobbin, the iron core being firmly
secured to a base or bottom, which fits into one end of the iron tube,
'

page_text: space
the coil or bobbin of insulated wire being placed in the between
the core and outer cover, the ends of which wire are carried out to form
the connection, the open end of the tube being covered by an iron
armature.
In some cases I form the core of iron tube and use a solid plunger
of iron with an iron armature at the end, or I dispense with the iron
tube and make the plunger large enough to fill the centre of the bobbin,
but to move easily within it, the armature being fixed to the plunger
and of the diameter of the open end of the tube. These improved
instruments I employ either singly or in combination according to the
amount of power required, and in many cases I produce from one coil
the work or power of two or more as now made.
.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Faulkner in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 13th November 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
FAULKNER, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Telegraph Engineer, send greeting.
"
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of May, in the year of
.our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the thirty-
eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said John Faulkner, Her special license,
that I, the said John Faulkner, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said John Faulkner, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said John Faulkner, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
· 'should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-

page_text: tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Faulkner, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement, reference being had to the Figures on the
accompanying Sheet of Drawings, and to the letters of reference marked
thereon (that is to say) :—
This Invention relates particularly to the electro-magnet or magneto-
clectro magnet used for actuating electric bells and indicators, telegraph
sounders, Morse instruments, semaphore signals, pointsman's duplicates,
and all other forms of telegraphs, brass and iron separators, electric
stops for organs, and electro-magnotic and magneto-electric engines, and
machines generally, and consists in using a round, square, or other
shaped iron tube or case to cover the outside of the coil or bobbin, the
iron core being firmly secured or not to an end base or bottom.
The object of this Invention is to collect, accumulate, and utilize all
the magnetic or electric power, thereby preventing the loss of force that
takes place in the electro-magnets or magneto-electro magnets as
hitherto used. I place the coil or bobbin of insulated wire between
the core and outer iron case, one end of the wire being in contact with
the inside of the iron case, and the other hand carried out to form the
necessary connections, or both ends carried out for the same purpose.
The iron cases are made of such size and thickness as will insure the
utilization of the maximum force, and the cases may have an armature
at one or both ends, or have an armature at one end, and an iron cover
or base at the other end, or open at one or both ends to the core as
required; or instead of having the iron case in one piece entirely enclosing
the coil, I may make it of two or more pieces, or employ an iron segment
only; and to distinguish this Invention or improvement from the electro-
magnets or the magneto-electric magnets at present in use I have
entitled it "Faulkner's Altandi Systemœ.”
On the accompanying Sheet of Drawings,-
Fig: 1 is a section of one of my improved altandi electro-magnets

page_text: Fig. 4 represents a single stroke electric bell.
Fig. 5, a trembler bell.
Fig. 6, an indicator.
Fig. 7, a semaphore actuator.
Fig. 8, a telegraph sounder.
And Fig. 9, a telegraph sounder with a moveable or regulating cover.
In Fig. 1, a represents the ordinary core of soft iron; b, Figs. 1 and 2,
the bobbin; c, the wire; and in Figs. 1, 2, and 3, d, the iron case, also
shewn in all the Figures.
I have only shewn the application of my improvements to a few
articles, but it is evident that they can be applied in all cases where
electro-magnetism and magneto-electricity is employed or generated,
and the arrangements can be varied, modified, and multiplied to an
indefinite extent, and although in the Figures I have merely shewn the
iron case covering a primary coil of wire, it is also applicable where
secondary coils are used.
In another arrangement for obtaining the maximum power of the
magnetism I coil over the central core a coil of insulated wire, over
which I place an iron case to be covered with another coil-of wire, which
is also to be enclosed in an iron case, and so on to any desired extent, the
ends of the combined cases and coils to be open or covered or be
covered by armatures as may be required.
In order to employ the maximum magnetic force I keep the covers
and coils in contact to the full extent of their lengths; but when less
than the maximum force is required I regulate the amount by moving
the coils more or less out of the iron cases, or shifting the iron cases
more or less off the coils.
The magnetism of the coils and cases is given off at their ends, and
therefore any suitable number of them may be placed in lines, circles,
or planes, or otherwise so as to act in concert and give by their multiplied
action any required amount of magnetic force or electrical energy.
It will be found that by the use of my altandi systemos all the electric
force and magnetic power can be utilized, whereas in all instruments

page_text: hitherto made a very small per centage of the electric force and mag-
netic power could be collected and used, and therefore this systemo
is eminently applicable to all apparatus, engines, and machines where
electro-magnetism or magneto-electricity is employed or generated; and
in Fig. 10 I represent a diagram shewing the waste or loss of magnetic
focre which takes place with an ordinary uncovered coil, and in Fig. 11,
a diagram shewing the accumulation, concentration, and economy
obtained by the employment of only a single iron case or cover over the
ordinary coil, both diagrams being facsimiles of diagrams produced by
dropping iron filings on sheets of paper placed respectively over the
ordinary magnet and my altando magnet.
Having now described the nature and particulars of my said improve-
ments in electrical appliances, I desire it to be understood that in electro-
magnets and magneto-electric magnets employed in the varied arrange-
ments, forms, and'descriptions of electro-magnetic and magneto-electric
apparatus, engines, and machines, I claim the system (entitled by me
the altandi systemoe) of entirely or partially enclosing or encasing the
coils of insulated wire in an iron case or cases for the purpose of
obtaining the force or power of the magnetism, either to the maximum
extent or to any other amount required.
In witness whereof,. I, the said John Faulkner, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twelfth day of November, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five.
25 Signed, sealed, and delivered
30
by the within-named John
Faulkner in the presence of
G. SEPTIMUS Hughes,
Patent Agent,
Manchester.
JOHN FAULKNER. (L.S.)
0