IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING FATS AND FATTY OILS, AND VOLATILE OILS OR ESSENTIAL OILS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Barnes at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th March
1863.
I, THOMAS BARNES, Earl of Dundonald, of No. 12, Queen's Gate, Hyde
Park, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING FATS AND FATTY OILS, AND VOLATILE
OILS OR ESSENTIAL OILS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of a new and novel mode of decoloring, deodorizing,
and indurating fats, oils, and oleaginous bodies by the use of sulphureous acid
gas and carbonic acid gas in combination with atmospheric air or alone, so as
to deodorize and indurate the same.
My improvements consist of an entirely novel mode of indurating fats, oils,
or oleaginous bodies into stearine, oleine, palmatine, and like bodies, by passing
thereinto a jet or jets of sulphureous acid gas in combination with carbonic
acid gas and atmospheric air.
The mode I prefer to employ for the purpose of preparing stearine from
oils or fats is by the agency of sulphureous acid gas in combination with
carbonic acid gas and atmospheric air, or either of them respectively, for the
production of which sulphureous acid gas I use a retort charged with five
parts of peroxide of manganese and one part of sulphur; however, I do not
confine myself to this mode, but have recourse to placing in a retort or other
convenient vessel pieces of charcoal, coke, or other carboniferous substances,
imbued with sulphuric acid, and subjected in the usual mode to a temperature

page_text: of, say, 200° Farenheit. This gas may now be collected in a gasholder, or it
may be passed directly through the substances to be operated upon. The
oils, fats, or other bodies which it is intended to decolor, deodorize, or indurate,
or make into stearine or palmatine, are placed in a proper vessel, and raised
to a temperature of, say, 180°° Farenheit. 1 then place a rose jet, connected
with the above-mentioned gasholder by means of a pipe, in the oil, which jet
should be finely perforated so as to effect as much mechanical division of the
gas as possible. At any convenient distance upon such connecting pipe may be
placed a compound cock, through one side of which is conveyed the gasses,
and through the other a jet of atmospheric air, urged by the force of bellows,
fan, or exhaustion. In practice I have found that heating the injection pipe
near the point of insertion by any ordinary method, such as passing it through
a furnace, effects the object more speedily.
I claim for the use of sulphurcous acid gas in combination with atmospheric
air absolutely as an agent in effecting the decoloring or deodorizing any
oleaginous bodies, vegetable or organic.
I also claim for the operations herein-before described for the deoxidizement
of fatty or oleaginous matters, so as to produce stearine, palmatine, olcine,
margarine, and glycerine in a more effectual manner than has heretoforo
been effected, also the deoxidizement of fusel oil.
I further claim for the purification of fats and stearines by the aid of
chlorate of potash and dilute sulphuric acid in combination; this I effect by
melting the fats or stearines in any suitable vessel by blowing a jet of steam
into the same; I then add the compound mixture of sulphuric acid and
chlorate of potash to the molten materials, and subject the whole to the action
of steam until the decolorization is effected.