and other rurposes.
Year: 1885

page_text: and other rurposes.
0
We, VICTOR AMADEUS VIVIS Agent, and ALFRED MISSAL Engineer both of
Sunderland in the County of Durham do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to certain improvements in and relating to wicks and
burners for lamps and other purposes, and has for its object to provide a wick
and burner, applicable to oil spirit and other fluid burning lamps and apparatus.
Hitherto in lamps and other fluid fuel burning apparatus, as generally constructed,
as combustion proceeds, the wick becomes gradually calcined, and in order to
maintain the same lighting power, it is necessary to raise and trim the wick from
time to time, or the flame diminishes. Our invention is designed to obviate this
objection, for which purpose we make the wick, at or about the point of ignition,
and for any required length, of incombustible material. The material we use is
asbestos, and by our invention a steadier and more lasting and brilliant flame
is obtained than hitherto, by any burner. Lamps are usually constructed in two
classes, the one where the fluid supply is below the point of ignition, to which it
is drawn or lifted by capillary attraction, or by mechanical pressure; the other
where the supply is above or about the same level as the point of ignition to which
it is supplied by gravity or natural pressure.
Asbestos, not being a material capable of exercising great capillary attraction, in
cases where the fluid is thus drawn or lifted to the flame by attraction, we place
the asbestos wick in contact with cotton or other suitable material, having greater
lifting power or capillarity than asbestos, in order to obtain the same effect.
t
We will now proceed to describe more fully in detail our invention by aid of the
accompanying drawings, which afford a true idea of the relative positions and
objects of the different parts of our invention.
Figures 1, and 2, are sectional elevations; Figures 3, and 4, are enlarged sections
of wick and burner; Figure 5, is a plan of figures 3, and 4; and Figure 6 an
enlarged detail of tube and burner as arranged in figures 3, and 4, where the fluid
supply is below the point of ignition. Figure 7, is a sectional elevation; Figure 8,
an enlarged section of wick and burner; Figure 9, & plan of figure 8; Figures 10,
L

page_text: and 11, are sectional elevations of two alternative arrangements for regulating the
feed to wick and burner, where the fluid supply is above, or about the same level
as, or at a distance from, the point of ignition. Similar letters indicate similar
parts in all of these figures.
A, is an asbestos wick, which may terminate at or about the dotted line B, or, in
cases where the fluid container is above the point of ignition, be produced to any
length as shown at B¹, Figure 10, in which case the asbestos will be stored in the
fluid container. In cases where the asbestos is used of or about such a length as
shown at B, it can with facility be taken out when required and replaced by a new
one, or be cleaned by fire or acid, or suitable means previous to replacement.
In cases where the asbestos wick is produced into the fluid container. it should be
of the same section throughout its length, and the point of ignition can be cut off
or trimmed when required and readjusted as shown in Figure 4. Figures 1, and 2,
show the arrangement of the cotton or other material, used for supplying the fluid
to the asbestos.
C, is the cotton in close contact with the asbestos wick A, and extending
into the fluid container; whether the asbestos so extends or not. D, is a tube
of suitable size and length containing the asbestos, and the cotton C, and fitted
at its lower extremity with a screw or suitable means, for attaching it securely to
the body of the oil container, or it may be fitted permanently thereto. The usual
air tight screw-caps may be fitted for the purpose of filling the oil container;
within the tube. Within the tube D, the pieces of metal or suitable material
shown in Figure 6, are concentrically fitted, capable of being drawn or lifted
upwards, as in Figure 4. The two upper parts E and E¹, are partly closed at the
top, an aperture being left for the wick in the usual manner; and when in their
normal position as in Figure 3, they are closed, and held together by the said
tube D.
The two parts E, and E¹, are connected to the lower internal tube F; by means
of the spring pieces H, H. When it is desired to remove, or replace the wick, the
whole of the internal tube is drawn up, when the two parts E, and E¹, can be
separated and bent back as shown in Figure 4, and when the operation is per-
formed, the springs H, H, return the parts to their normal position, and the
internal tube is then pushed back into position shown in Figure 3. The tube F,
open at both ends, and the cotton C, or other material used, can be fixed to it'
with thread, or metal wire by means of the small holes f, perforated therein.
The other parts used in combination with this arrangement, are the cap for
ventilating the flame, and the parts Ķ, and L, which may be constructed of any
suitable and convenient shape and perforated with holes or slots. M, is a platform.
or gallery, for the chimney, globe, or other ventilating arrangement.
is
When the whole lamp or the burner only is enclosed in a lantern, as in the case
of street, marine, or similar lamps as in Figure 2, no glass chimney is necessary as
the lantern case itself forms the ventilating apparatus. Where the fluid supply
is placed above or about the same level as the point of ignition, as in Figure 7,
where a burner constructed according to our invention, is shown fixed to an
ordinary gas bracket, the fluid is supplied to the asbestos wick, by gravity or
natural pressure, and a syphon may be used to regulate the feed thereof. Figure 10,.
shows this arrangement, when applied by means of a syphon, where A, is the
asbestos contained.in the tube N, and bent over so as to dip into the fluid in the
container. Or if the fluid supply is placed at a higher or on the same level and
at a distance, the fluid may be supplied to the asbestos wick A, by mechanical
pressure. Figure 11, shows this arrangement, where a screw S, or its equivalent is.
used to regulate the feed of fluid to the wick through the aperture P.
These wicks or burners may be made of any size or shape and may be used with
or without extinguishers. Certain additional advantages are secured by the use
of wicks or burners, constructed and fitted according to our invention; namely:-
That the fluid will not overflow, and the risk of explosion is reduced to a
minimum. We wish it to be understood that we do not bind ourselves to the

page_text: precise details and arrangements described in the specification, for it is obvious
that by slight modification, and without departing from the main features of the
invention, the wicks and burners are also applicable to stoves and apparatus for
heating purposes, and other appliances, where the use of burners is required.
Having now particularly described and ascertained, the nature of our inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is
1. The use of asbestos for wicks in combination with the arrangement of burners
for same,
for lighting or heating apparatus substantially as described.
2. In a lamp or lighting or heating apparatus where the fluid is stored below
the point of ignition; The use of an asbestos wick A, in combination with cotton
or suitable material C, to ensure the lifting of the fluid from the container, to the
summit of the said asbestos wick, and the burner for the same, all arranged
substantially as and for the purposes described.
3. In a lamp or lighting or heating apparatus where the fluid is stored above or
about the same level as the point of ignition; The use of an asbestos wick A, and
the burner for the same in combination with the arrangement of parts for ensuring
the feeding of the fluid to the summit of the said asbestos wick, substantially as
and for the purposes described.