matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
Im- PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Reginald Melvill Sandys at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 29th July 1874.
I, REGINALD MELVILL SANDYS, of Gorton, in the County of Lan-
caster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BOOTS AND SHOES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the application of a thin steel plate,
tempered, or other hard springy substance between the outer and inner
soles of boots and shoes, made narrower and shorter than the soles in
order to escape the nailing or sewing of the outer sole to the inner sole.
The object of this plate is to cause the irregular pressure applied by the
foot owing to the irregularity of the bones of the foot to become uniform
as regards the outer sole, causing the outer sole to wear equally
throughout and thereby increasing the wear of the sole, it likewise
preserves the boot or shoe in shape, preventing the top from creasing.
To prevent corrosion from moisture the steel plate should be coated
with a varnish of gutta percha, india-rubber, or other suitable anti-
corrosive substance.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC TUBES FOR LOCOMOTIVE, MARINE, AND OTHER STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1874

page_text: .
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry McCarthy at the
Office of the Commissioners, of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th April 1874.
.
I, JOHN HENRY MCCARTHY, of Birmingham, in the County, of
Warwick, Commercial Clerk, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC TUBES FOR
LOCOMOTIVE, MARINE, AND OTHER STEAM BOILERS," to be as follows:-
My Invention has reference to such wrought iron or steel tubes for
locomotive, marine, and other steam boilers as are furnished with an end-
or length of copper, brass, steel, or homogeneous metal, the said copper,
brass, steel, or homogeneous end or length of the tube being used at the
fire-box end of the boiler. And my said Invention consists of the improve-
ments herein-after described in attaching or joining the said copper,
brass, steel, or homogeneous ends or lengths to the said wrought-iron or
steel tubes, whereby a very sound and strong junction between the parts
is effected in a simple and inexpensive manner.
I will describe my Invention as applied to a wrought-iron tube with a
copper end or length. I effect the attaching or joining of the copper

page_text: end or length to the wrought-iron tube by an interlocking arrangement
of the ends to be joined, and afterwards complete the junction by the
process of brazing.
In carrying my Invention into effect I make on the ends respectively
of the copper length or piece and wrought iron tube to be joined, a series
of by preference three or five large teeth or projecting pieces, the sides
of the said teeth or projecting pieces being curved or inclined to the axis
of the tubes from which they are made, or the said teeth or projecting
pieces may be made of a dovetail or other figure. There is thus formed
on the end of each of the parts to be connected together a series of
alternating recesses or spaces and projecting pieces or teeth of the same
figure, so that when the projecting pieces or teeth on one part are fitted
in or engaged with the spaces or recesses in the other part, the ends of
the copper length and wrought-iron tube are interlocked or dovetailed
together and form a continuous tube. After the parts have been thus
interlocked the joint is completed by brazing in the ordinary way. In a
like manner a brass or steel or homogeneous metal end may be con-
nected or joined to a wrought-iron or steel tube.
I form the interlocking parts on the ends of the tubes by a stamping
or cutting out process effected by dies worked in a stamp or press.
C
I do not limit myself to any particular number or shape of the inter-
locking parts of the pieces of tubes.to be joined as various shapes may
be given to the said interlocking parts with the same or nearly the same
effect.
AN IMPROVED DEVICE TO BE APPLIED TO WATCH CASES, LOCKETS, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF JEWELRY, AND GOLD AND SILVERSMITHS' WORK, TO FACILITATE THE OPENING OF THE SAME
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jacob Zalkind at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
February 1874.
I, JACOB ZALKIND, of Paris, France, now of No. 8, Southampton
Buildings, London, Jeweller, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED DEVICE TO BE APPLIED TO WATCH CASES, LOCKETS,
AND OTHER ARTICLES OF JEWELRY, AND GOLD AND SILVERSMITHS' WORK, TO
FACILITATE THE OPENING OF THE SAME," to be as follows :-
My said Invention relates to an improved device for opening watch
cases, lockets, snuff boxes, covered sugar basins, preserve jars, and other
articles of jewelry, or gold or silversmiths' work, having a movable part
or cover hinged to the body of the same.
Heretofore these articles have been ordinarily provided with visible
springs, whereby the cover has been assisted in its opening, the said
springs being arranged in the case near the hinge; but in many of these
articles no spring is used, and their opening necessitates the employment
of both hands.

page_text: My said Invention consists in the application of a spring or a number
of springs in the body or interior of the eyes or rings of the hinge. The
said spring or springs will be invisible, and the article to which the same
are applied is less liable to derangement or to be affected by dirt.
I wish it understood that there are various methods of carrying my
Invention into practise. For instance I may arrange in the interior of
the hinge either one, or two, or a greater number of small spiral springs
or blade springs or other suitable springs; but in all cases the essence
of the said Invention is the invisible spring or springs arranged in the
interior of the hinge of the cover, to facilitate the opening of the same.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DRY EARTH, ASH, AND OTHER CLOSET APPARATUS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Garnett and Samuel
Leyland at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 25th August 1874.
We, THOMAS GARNETT, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, and
SAMUEL LEYLAND, of Huyton, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DRY EARTH,
ASH, AND OTHER CLOSET APPARATUS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in the peculiar arrangement of the "earth and
ash box" and bin, wherein we place a pair of slide or pivotted valves
with seats, faces, or guides fixed horizontally by preference or at con-
venient inclination, having suitable apertures on or against which the
said valves are made to move so as to open and close said apertures.
We place the said valves and apertures the one directly underneath the
other as in a common pump, except in cases where it is found more

page_text: supply door, and so that the ash, carth, or small cinders may pass
through the screen, & then the larger cinders be drawn over the screen
into the cinder box.
We also frequently attach a screening brush or dasher in connection
with the curved screen and self-acting stopper.
A NEW OR IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF BRUSHING BOOT FOR HORSES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Edward Harries at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th April 1874.
I, GEORGE EDWARD HARRIES, of Shrewsbury, in the County of Salop,
Saddler and Harness Maker, do hereby declare the nature of my said
Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF BRUSHING BOOT FOR
HORSES," to be as follows:-
The Invention relates to the leather shield or covering placed upon
the hind legs of horses over their fetlocks as a prevention against bruises
to the inner portion of the leg above the hoof arising from the habit
horses have of kicking or rubbing such portion of one leg with the foot
of the other.
These shields or guards are made. "rights" and "lefts," and are
strapped on the leg in a position to cover the fetlock. According to the
present construction of such "brushing boot," the repeated rubs and
knocks they get whilst being worn causes them often to turn or move
which irritates and chafes the animal.

page_text: The object this Invention is designed to accomplish is the construction
of a brushing boot which will sit with ease upon the leg, and when
buckled or otherwise attached thereto will remain immovable until taken
off, preventing thereby irritation or chafing.
The Invention consists in providing the inner surface of the "brushing
boot" near the top edge thereof with a cushion or pad, which has a
division or recess formed therein at the point where the boot rests against
the hind part of the leg when strapped up. In this situation the pro-
jecting pad or cushion will bed or rest against the hollow of the leg on
either side, and so prevent any movement or turning of the "brushing
boot during the time it is being worn.
The novel application and use of cushions to "brushing boots" as
described, not only enables such boots when strapped on the leg to
retain their position, but such cushions will also prevent the top edges
of the boots coming into contact with and chafing the skin of the
animal.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC HOISTING APPARATUS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joshua Shaw and John Shaw
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 12th January 1874.
We, JOSHUA SHAW and JOHN SHAW, junior, of Wellington Street
Works, Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Hydraulic Engineers, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
HYDRAULIC HOISTING APPARATUS," to be as follows:-
--
Our Invention relates principally to hoisting apparatus wherein a cage
to contain the load is raised by hydraulic power, the rate and extent of
motion of the piston or ram being multiplied by means of pulleys acting
upon a chain in manner inverse to the ordinary pulley blocks. In such
apparatus it has been customary to employ an accumulator, which has
had the effect of imparting a steady motion to the said cage.
In some cases however it is desirable to employ power derived from
hydraulic press pumps, which are not specially adapted to the require-
ments of the hoisting apparatus, the said pumps being employed to
actuate the hoisting apparatus when not required for pressing purposes.
In such a case an accumulator of sufficient capacity for power could not

page_text: conveniently be employed, and when the water has been allowed to pass
directly from the pumps to the cylinder of the hoisting apparatus the
said cage has moved with an irregular or "jerky" motion. To obviate
this defect we cause the water from the pumps to be delivered into a
cylinder or chamber or into a pipe, within which is an elastic cushion of
air which serves to absorb the pulsation of the moving water.
We prefer to enclose the air in an air and waterproof bag or envelope
to prevent loss of air by absorbtion or escape, and to make the inlet into
the said chamber larger than the outlet therefrom.
In a modification we employ a piston or ram sliding in a cylinder and 1
connected with a spring or with springs, which serves or serve to absorb
the pulsation of the water as aforesaid.
A NEW OR IMPROVED ASPHALTIC FABRIC. FOR ROOFING AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at tho
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th August 1874.-A communication from abroad by Charles
Gaudefroy, fils, of Beaucamps-le-Vieux (Somme), France, Merchant.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand,
in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED ASPHALTIC FABRIC.
FOR ROOFING AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES," a communication to me from abroad
by Charles Gaudefroy, fils, of Beaucamps-le-Vieux (Somme), France,
Merchant, to be as follows :-
This asphaltic fabric is composed of a textile fabric manufactured
from animal hair or flock, such as is known as "thibande," and used
for laying under carpets. This fabric is steeped in a bath of gas tar, at
say, 30 or 40°, pressed between two cylinders to expel the excess of tar,
then spread upon the ground and sprinkled with peat ashes, care being
taken to make them enter the fabric, which is allowed to dry a little;
again steeped in a bath similar to the first, then again pressed, spread
out to thoroughly dry in the air, and finally, before rolling it up, it is
sprinkled with fine river sand. The manner in which it is used for

page_text: roofs is very important. The boards usually placed upon the rafters are
dispensed with, the rafters are placed about a foot apart, and the fabric
is at once nailed thercon. The edges of the fabric are brought close
together, and the joint is covered by laths, which are afterwards coated
with tar.
Vegetablo tar, asphalt, and analogous matters may be substituted in
lieu of tho gas tar, and the pcat ashes be replaced by vegetable and
other ashes, earth, or an equivalent.
AN IMPROVED STACKING MACHINE OR ELEVATING APPARATUS FOR CORN, HAY, STRAW, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Cottingham at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th March
1874.
I, JOSEPH COTTINGHAM, of the City of Lincoln, Engineer and Machine
Erector, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED STACKING MACHINE OR ELEVATING APPARATUS FOR CORN, HAY, STRAW,
OR SIMILAR MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved machine or apparatus for
stacking or elevating corn, hay, straw, and other similar crops or
materials.
The Invention consists mainly in constructing the said machine or
apparatus so that its upper half can be caused to slide in or out to
lengthen, or increase, or decrease the total length of the clevator in order
to adjust its delivering point to the height required.
In order to accomplish this object I form the said upper part separate
from the lower part of the clevator, and so as to slide within it, and to
its underneath part I attach on cither side a racked bar which slides in

page_text: grooves in the lower part of the elevator, to which I apply a spindle or
cross shaft carrying two pinions and an outer grooved wheel or block
pulley, within the groove of which works a cord, strap, or chain actuated
from a smaller block pulley provided with a handle, and carried by a
bracket which is capable of adjustment from or towards the first-men-
tioned block pulley to tighten or to loosen the strap so that it can be
removed as required. On actuating the handle the upper part of the
clevator is caused by these means to run in or out, and decrease or
increase the total length and adjust the delivering point of the elevator as
desired.
A machine constructed according to this Invention will deliver the
materials at least ten feet higher than any other similar machine, and
among other advantages, on account of the simplicity of the actuating
arrangements, any ordinary labourer can adjust it, and it can be actuated
much more easily and is stronger than other similar machines, and will
not be so liable to get out of order, these advantages being obtained
without any increase of cost.
IMPROVEMENTS CONNECTED WITH TRAMWAYS AND THEIR CARRIAGES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Hornsby Carruthers and
David Rankine at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 19th March 1874.
We, JOHN HORNSBY CARRUTHERS and DAVID RANKINE, of Glasgow,
in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Engineers, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS CONNECTED WITH
TRAMWAYS AND THEIR CARRIAGES," to be as follows, that is to say :--
This Invention has for its object to reduce tear and wear and to
facilitate traction on tramways..
With the present generally prevalent system of tramway and tramway
carriages the flanges of the carriage wheels run in grooves with raised
surfaces on both sides, which necessitates extreme accuracy of gauge
between the trams and between the wheels, and which even with the
greatest accuracy of gauge gives rise to great friction when, as must
frequently happen, there is the slightest tendency in the carriage to
assume an oblique position or to move laterally, as then all the wheel
flanges will be rubbing, those at one side of the carriage bearing against

page_text: the outer side of the groove and those at the other side against the inner
side of the groove.
By the present Invention only one carriage wheel of each pair is
flanged and the flange friction is thus much reduced whilst the guiding
action remains amply sufficient. This combination of flanged and
unflanged carriage wheels is to be used with a tramway having both
trams grooved (but with the surfaces of the tram on each side of the
groove by preference nearly flush), in order that the tramway carriages
may be turned or not as may be most convenient, or in other words to
admit of a carriage being run on a tramway with either end foremost.
It will thus be quite unnecessary to alter many existing tramways which
have grooved trams at both sides.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF COAL SMALL WAGGONS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henri Adrien Bonneville at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th January 1874.-A communication from Désiré Lambert, residing
at Marcinelle, in the Kingdom of Belgium, Engineer.
I, HENRI ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, of the British and Foreign Patent
Offices, 18, Rue de la Chaussée d'Antin, Paris, France, and 6, Piccadilly,
in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF COAL
SMALL WAGGONS," communicated to me by Désiré Lambert, a person
resident at Marcinelle, in the Kingdom of Belgium, Engineer, to be as
follows:-
-
-
The Invention consists in constructing small waggons for conveyance
of coal in coal pits, by making the two wheels and the axletree of the
said waggons in one single piece, the nave being thus suppressed. For
this purpose, two iron or cast-iron matrices, shaped as the wheel, are
used, the one being fixed to a vertical steam hammer rammer, and the
other lying upon the anvil. The second matrice is provided in its centre
with a hole having the shape and the length of the half of the axletree.

page_text: An iron or steel bar of a suitable length is inserted in the hole, and the
upper end of the said bar at a white heat is soldered by the striking of
the hammer with an iron washer or ring, also at a white heat, which
must fill the space between the two matrices. Afterwards, two of these
pieces are soldered together to form a train.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF OR APPARATUS FOR STOPPING AND REGULATING THE FLOW OF AIR, GASES, OR LIQUIDS THROUGH ELASTIC PIPES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Atkinson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
March 1874.
I, JAMES ATKINSON, of Stonefield Street, Islington, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF OR APPARATUS FOR STOPPING AND
REGULATING THE FLOW OF AIR, GASES, OR LIQUIDS THROUGH ELASTIC PIPES," to be
as follows:-
:-
This Invention consists in the use for the above purposes of sliding
apparatus, externally compressing and internally closing (more or less)
elastic pipes by forming a bight or bend of the kind hereafter described,
that is to say:-.
An apparatus consisting essentially of a plate of metal or other
suitable material having an opening, through which the elastic pipe is
to be passed, and by means of which a bight of the elastic pipe is forced
or drawn into a flat loop or flattened ring of metal or other suitable
material which encircles the above-mentioned plate and freely slides
upon it. The sides of the above mentioned loop are parallel or nearly

page_text: parallel, and the bight of the elastic pipe is compressed between them,
the sliding action forming a compressed bight, preventing the passage of
air, gases, or other fluids through it.
The ends of the loop may be extended so as to form projections
convenient for handling, and the loop itself is prevented from being
forced off the plate by means of lugs upon cach end thereof; the lug or
lugs at one end of the plate being formed after the loop has been.
placed on.
To regulate or diminish the flow of air, gases, or other fluids it is
only necessary that the bight or bend should be partially formed, and :
this partial form may be maintained by means of a wedge or stop.
IMPROVED APPARATUS TO BE APPLIED TO DOMESTIC FIRE-GRATES FOR ECONOMIZING FUEL
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION loft by John Whitworth at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
April 1874.
I, JOHN WHITWORTH, of Royton, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS
TO BE APPLIED TO DOMESTIC FIRE-GRATES FOR ECONOMIZING FUEL," to be as
follows:-
-
This Invention relates to the ordinary domestic fire-grates used in
kitchens or living rooms for cooking or warming purposes, and consists
chiefly of the application to such fire-grates of a polished reflector placed
at such an angle above the fire as to reflect the greater portion of the
heat from the top part of the back again into the room instead of
allowing it to pass up the chimney, by which means a large amount of
heat that would otherwise be lost is thrown into the room and tho
quantity of fuel required to produce a given amount of heat or warmth
therein is greatly reduced.
The reflector extends from side to side of the fire-grate and slopes
backwards and downwards at an angle of about forty-five degrees (more

page_text: or less) from the front of the opening above the fire towards the back
of the grate, so as to close the opening to the chimney excepting an
aperture left between it and the back of the grate for the passage of the
smoke to the chimney.
The reflector may be made of any suitable metal or material having a i
bright polished surface, but I prefer to employ either the thickest and
best quality of tinned iron plate (commonly called tin plate) or block
tin for this purpose, as being most economical and throwing back the
greatest amount of heat whilst the reflector itself keeps comparatively
cool.
Polished steel or other metal, tinned or silvered, might be employed
for the best kind of grates and the reflectors may be either made plain,
or radiated, fluted, corrugated or otherwise ornamented, so long as their
heat radiating or reflecting qualities are not materially reduced.
1
IMPROVED APPA- RATUS TO FACILITATE THE SHOOTING OF ROCKETS, HARPOONS, AND OTHER MISSILES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Stephens at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th August
1874.
I, JOHN STEPHENS, of No. 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPA-
RATUS TO FACILITATE THE SHOOTING OF ROCKETS, HARPOONS, AND OTHER MISSILES,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to a combination of tube or slider, springs,
catch lock, and stock, so arranged that the apparatus or arm can be
set or cocked by pushing the tube or slider against the ground, or
against a wall to prepare it for the reception of a rocket, harpoon,
or other missile, and so that the rocket can be shot from the shoulder
of a man similarly to that of a rifle, and in some cases the fuse to be
opened to continue the flight of the rocket, and in some cases carry a
line or cord in the path or trajectory line intended by the elevation or
depression of the arm itself.
I take the butt end or stock of an ordinary small-arm, or an equi-

page_text: "
a tube, slider, or skeleton frame, this being provided with a catch, over
which one end of a series of springs can be looped, the other ends of
these being fixed to a portion of the stock. The tube is intended to
contain a rocket or other missile, and can be pushed in by pressing it
upon the ground or against a wall to expand the openings and put them
under tension, in which position they become held by a trigger or
bar on the stock framo, taking into an aperture or click-on-the-sliding
tube. The stock is provided with a trigger, and the slider with catch
bars, and these can be released by a pull on the trigger-after tho
click catch bar has been turned over for the springs to propel the missile.
The rocket can be inserted before or after the arm is clevated. Tho
man lodging the curved end of the butt against his shoulder-and taking
aim can discharge or propel the rocket by a rebound or contraction of
the springs. The rocket is to be so arranged that as it leaves the tube
the fuso becomes open, and after it has travelled a few yards the fire
of the flight powder begins to. ooze out and establishes a fresh impetus
to the rocket, but in a line, or nearly so, corresponding with that of the
arm from which, it was shot,
IMPROVED HEATING APPARATUS FOR BUILDINGS, DWELLING HOUSES, ALSO FOR STEAM BOILERS OR ANY SUCH LIKE PURPOSE OR PURPOSES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Buckingham at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th February 1874.
I, WILLIAM BUCKINGHAM, of Coventry, in the County of Warwick,
Smith, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
HEATING APPARATUS FOR BUILDINGS, DWELLING HOUSES, ALSO FOR STEAM BOILERS
OR ANY SUCH LIKE PURPOSE OR PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improved apparatus for heating or warming
public or private buildings, dwelling houses, or apartments, and for
effecting the generation of steam in steam boilers, and for any similar
heating or warming purpose.
The apparatus consists mainly of a series of square, round, or other
shaped fire-boxes, which are placed at suitable distances apart, and con-
nected by continuous inlet and outlet pipes, flues of metal, or other
suitable material. Each of the said fire-boxes is provided with a movable
lid, having a small central draught hole or aperture through which the
vitiated air is drawn from the room or apartment to feed the fire within
the box. Within each box is placed a grating upon which the fuel for
combustion rests.

page_text: The fuel is firstly ignited at its top, and is caused by the downward
draught to burn continuously downwards, in which direction the draught
carries all the smoke arising from the combustion through the lower
portion of the fuel, and through the pipe flues from the one fire-box to
the other, so that it is almost wholly consumed before exit, the said
exit being formed of a continuation of the pipe flue, which may be
carried partly up an ordinary chimney, or carried up the outside of a
building.
When the apparatus is placed under the floor line the heating or
warming is effected by the upward radiation of heat from the fire-boxes
and pipe flues through continuous gratings placed on the flooring above
them.
The above arrangement may be laid in all respects as hot water
1
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR COMBING WOOL AND OTHER FIBRES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Priestman and William
Crook at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 6th May 1874.
We, EDWARD PRIESTMAN, of Bradford, in the County of York,
Worsted Spinner and Manufacturer, and WILLIAM CROOK, of the same
Place, Comb Setter, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR COMBING WOOL AND OTHER FIBRES," to
be as follows :—
**
This Invention relates to improvements in machinery for combing, in
which the slivers of wool or fibre to be operated upon are guided and
directed to the combs by means of feed boxes, through which it passes
from the feed or punch balls" to the said combs. It is necessary the
slivers should at some point between the combs and punch balls be held
or retarded in some degree, and this binding has heretofore been effected
at the point of contact of the feed ball and its carrying or support roller
or rollers.
The holding or retarding the slivers we effect by applying to the inner
ends of the lids and boxes irregular surfaces or corrugations, or the lids

page_text: and boxes may at their inner ends be so formed, and having such
irregularities or corrugations as to constitute and be in effect and action
nipping jaws.
Consequent upon the nipping and holding the fibre at a point close to
the comb we are enabled to comb the slivers to their extreme ends or
termination, and the tension on the slivers is uniform.
A DOMESTIC FIRE ALARM
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henri Adrien Bonneville at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th February 1874.- A communication from Alphonse Joly,
residing at Paris, Rue de Cherche Midi, Gentleman.
I, HENRI ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, of the British and Foreign Patent
Offices, 18, Rue de la Chaussée d'Antin, Paris, France, and 6, Piccadilly,
in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "A DOMESTIC FIRE ALARM,” communicated to me
by Alphonse Joly, a person resident at Paris, Rue du Cherche Midi,
Gentleman, to be as follows:-
The Invention relates to giving alarm in case of a fire by means of
electricity, and without any special apparatus or mechanical contrivance,
and consists of connecting in a same place a galvanic pile to an electric
sounding signal by a metallic wire wrapped with gutta percha or any
other suitable insulating material fusible at a low temperature; this
wire being bent upon itself, the two wires thus being placed close to
each other are twisted together, so that a single wire will be formed, the
length of which will only be limited by the extent of the chambers,
rooms of inns, works, apartments, or other places wished to preserve from
the fire.

page_text: As soon as a fire broke out in a room or other place where the wire
passes, and the heat is great enough to melt at any point the gutta
percha or other insulating fusible material surrounding the wires, the
latters being no longer insulated come each other in contact, the electrical
circuit is settled, and the sounding signal gives the alarm.
IM. PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HARD CONFECTIONERY
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Pickles Hartley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th May 1874.
I, WILLIAM PICKLES HARTLEY, of Colne, in the County of Lan-
caster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM.
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HARD CONFECTIONERY," to be as
follows:-
My Invention relates to the manufacture of that class of hard
confectionery known in the confectionery trade as "boiled sugars," the
object of the said Invention being to a make a better class of goods than
heretofore from the same quality of sugar.
Hitherto "boiled sugars "have been manufactured by boiling the
sugar (along with a suitable quantity of water) in an ordinary pan or
vessel over a fire or furnace, and such process always more or less dis-
colors the sugar especially so if the heat is not sufficient, and the boiling
too prolonged, and such discoloration impairs the appearance and
proportionately diminishes the value of the goods produced,

page_text: My Invention consists in boiling the sugar for the manufacture of
hard confectionery by steam; such steam being admitted into a space
enclosing a copper or brass vessel in which the sugar is boiled; for this
purpose I employ a vessel formed with an outer jacket of wrought iron
or other suitable metal of a sufficient strength to resist the pressure of
steam at the temperature required; the steam is admitted into a space
between the vessel and the jacket, and an outlet is provided for the
condensed steam.
I may here state I have discovered that by using steam of a high
pressure, say one hundred pounds to the square inch or upwards in a
jacketed vessel as hercin-before described, the sugar can be boiled in a
shorter time and the goods produced from the same quality of sugar are
more transparent and of a superior colour to those manufactured by the
direct action of fire, consequently they command a higher price in the
market.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Marshall Henry Pearson and
Joseph Thomas Pearson at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 25th February 1874.
We, MARSHALL HENRY PEARSON and JOSEPH THOMAS PEARSON, of
Little Neville Street, Leeds, in the County of York, do hereby declare
the nature of our said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES,"
to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to that class or description of sewing machines
in which the needle and shuttle are actuated respectively by cam grooves
formed on a plate or barrel, and consists in the application of one cam
groove only, whether formed in a plate or barrel for actuating both the
needle and shuttle. Motion is communicated to the needle by an arm
or lever having a stud and runner at its outer end working in the cam
groove above, and over the centre of the cam in the usual well known
manner.
The shuttle receives its motion relatively to that of the needle from a
pendulous lever hanging on a stud fixed to the frame of the machine,
and having an oscillatory motion communicated to it by means of a stud

page_text: and runner projecting from the face of the lever into the same cam
groove as that in which the runner of the stud on the needle arm works,
and at a suitable point horizontally beyond the centre of the same. The
pendulous lever extending below the stud and runner is jointed at its
lower end to a horizontal sliding rod or bar attached to the shuttle 5
carrier, which by the oscillation of the pendulous lever gives the required
motion and travel to the shuttle.
By the studs and runners on the needle and shuttle levers respectively
projecting into the same groove at about right angles to each other
the requisite "timed motions are given to the needle and shuttle 1
alternately.
"
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF HYDRAULIC PRESSES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Davies at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
May 1874. A communication from abroad by George Smith, of
Dornach, Alsace, in the Empire of Gemany.
I, GEORGE DAVIES, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Con-
sulting Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF HYDRAULIC
PRESSES," (being a communication to me from abroad by George Smith,
of Dornach, Alsace, in the Empire of Germany) to be as follows:-
The Invention consists principally in making the cylinder of a
hydraulic press in the form of a tube open at both ends, and having a
piston fitted in each end and made water-tight by means of the ordinary
U shaped leather washer.
The upper piston or ram is the working one, to which the table of the
press is attached, the lower piston practically serving only to close the
lower end of the tube or cylinder.
The advantages to be derived from this Invention are the reduction of
weight obtained, and at the same time greater security from fracture by

page_text: making the tube or cylinder in wrought iron or steel, or in cast iron or
bronze supported and strengthened by wrought iron or steel bands, or
hoops shrunk on externally.
The press itself consists of a head and base of equal strength sup-
ported or connected together by vertical columns in the usual manner,
and on the base is laid the tube or cylinder with its pistons; or if
preferred the lower piston or ram may be cast in one piece with the base
plate, which will answer the same purpose.
5
IMPROVED MEANS OF SAVING Life at Sea
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Daniel Chaston Gillett at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th July 1874.
"
I, DANIEL CHASTON GILLETT, of Mile End, in the County of Middle-
sex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
MEANS OF SAVING Life at Sea," to be as follows :—
My Invention relates to means to be employed for saving life at sea,
which I term an improved life buoy, although it differs from an
ordinary life buoy, inasmuch as it also partakes of the character of a
life raft and boat. It however more nearly resembles. a buoy being
designed to sustain a number of persons in and not upon the water in
which they are immersed to about the arm-pits.
The buoy consists of a long raft-like structure formed of longitudinal
frames construced of wood and cork or tubing to afford the required
buoyancy, and placed parallel to one another at a suitable distance
apart, according to the width the buoy is to be, and united at the ends,
which are rounded or tapered somewhat like a boat to facilitate the
In addition to these
propulsion of the buoy through the water.

page_text: longitudinal frames there are cross frames which may be constructed
of bars of wood encased in cork to strengthen the structure and at
same time add to its buoyancy, which should be sufficient to enable
the buoy to float with all its occupants at or about the surface of the
water. The space between the frames is open to the water, a netting
of wirework being, however, stretched across the bottom to sustain the
occupants and afford a protection against sharks. Beneath this wirework
are hung transverse strips of suitable material or fabric parallel, and so
disposed as to be free to incline in either direction under the influence
of the external water as the boat is propelled through it, and to overlap
one another like the laths of a Venetian blind, so as to partially separate
the water contained in the space occupied by the crew, and which will
become warmed by the heat of their bodies, from the cold external
water, and so aid in prolonging life. The depth of the buoy is such
that, the occupants who will assume a sitting or kneeling position upon
the wirework bottom shall have the greater portion of their bodies
immersed as before mentioned.
CERTAIN IMPROVE- MENTS IN STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Eli Heyworth, of Blackburn, in the County of
Lancaster, Manufacturer, and William Smalley, of Manchester, in
the same County, Salesman, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS IN STEAM BOILERS."
Scaled the 24th March 1874, and dated the 29th January 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Eli Heyworth and
William Smalley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 29th January 1874.
We, ELI HEYWORTH, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster, Manu-
facturer, and WILLIAM SMALLEY, of Manchester, in the same County,
Salesman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS," to be as follows:―
Our Invention is applicable to those boilers in which taper or other
tubes are employed in the internal flues or for connecting different
| portions of the boiler.

page_text: Our Invention consists in applying a coil of copper or other pipes
around the said tubes.
When our improvements are applied to a boiler with internal flues,
one end of the said coil is connected to the lower part of the flue, and
the other end to the upper part of the flue, or the ends of the coil may
be connected to the upper and lower ends of the tube, or one end of the
coils may be connected to the flue and the other end to the tube; when
applied to the tubes connecting different portions of a boiler, or two or
more boilers together, the said coils may be connected to the shells of
the boiler or to the tubes or partly to cách. In all cases these coils of
pipes utilise the heat to the greatest advantage, and promote the cir-
culation of water in the boiler.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR GUMMING LABELS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Walter Read at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
December 1874.
I, JOHN WALTER READ, of Pancras Road, Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR GUMMING LABELS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for
gumming labels.
.
Before applying the gum it is necessary to detach each label
separately, and I effect this by placing the packet of labels in a box of
corresponding shape; the packet of labels is pressed upwards by means
of a lever and counterpoise weights underneath, and over the top of the
box I place an arm secured on one side by means of a set screw. By
this arrangement the top label can be slipped forwards without
disturbing those underneath it.

page_text: When the label is slipped forward it passes over a roller partly
immersed in gum contained in a suitable trough; this roller has channels
cut at intervals around its circumference, and only small portions of the
outside circumferences of the roller are allowed to project above the
plate along which the label is slipped.
AN IMPROVED SELF-ACTING MILL FOR GRINDING COFFEE AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
6th October 1874.-A communication from abroad by Messrs.
Redon and Company, of Paris, France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand, in
the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED SELF-ACTING MILL FOR GRINDING
COFFEE AND OTHER SUBSTANCES," a communication to me from abroad by
Messrs. Redon and Company, of Paris, France, to be as follows:-
As shown upon the accompanying Sheet of Drawing this mill is
constructed upon a wooden framing P, a plate N, supported by four
pillars, carrying the entire arrangement, which consists of a cylinder K,
upon which winds the cord Rattached to the counterweight Q, and which
is connected with the toothed driving wheel J, gearing with a pinion H,
communicating the requisite power to the other pieces. This power
comes firstly on to the wheel G, the eccentric plates L of which are in .
connection with the connecting rods C, and cranks B, and give to the
axle of the bevel wheel D, supported by the pillars E, the rotary motion

page_text: required to turn the cone within the receiver A, in which is placed the
coffee or other substance to be ground.
A brake F is provided by turning the handle S, of which the
manipulator can regulate the speed of the mechanism, and stop it if
required.
When the counterweight Q has come down a handle is fitted at I to
the cylinder K, and the cord being rewound upon the cylinder the
machine again works automatically.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SCREENS FOR SCREENING CORN AND OTHER GRAIN AND SEED
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Prentice at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th April
1874.
I, THOMAS PRENTICE, of 35, Croft Street, in the City of Lincoln,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN SCREENS FOR SCREENING CORN AND OTHER GRAIN AND SEED," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in screens for screening
corn and other grain and seed.. For this purpose I construct a revolving
cylindrical screen of parallel rings of wire, held at equal distances apart
from one another by longitudinal bars or wires.
The screen is mounted horizontally, or nearly so, and below it is a fixed
semi-cylindrical concave composed of half rings of wire at the same
distance apart as the wire rings of the revolving cylindrical screen, and
this cylindrical screen is so mounted that the wire rings of which it is
formed come between the half rings of the concave, thus the screening
surface formed by the concave and the lower half of the cylindrical
screen is of a finer gauge than either the cylindrical screen or concave

page_text: separately, and the gauge of the lower part of the combined screen can
be varied by slightly raising or lowering the axis of the revolving
cylinder or by shifting it somewhat endwise.
The grain to be screened is fed into the revolving cylinder at one end,
and is delivered from the screen at the opposite end; and in order to 5
cause the grain to travel from one end of the screen to the other a
screw may be placed in the interior of the revolving cylinder.
By constructing a screen in the manner above described the screen is
self-cleaning, as when the wire rings of the revolving cylinder come
above the concave the openings between the wires become greater, and 10
consequently the circumference of the revolving cylinder is cleared
continuously at it rises above the concave.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STATIONERY CABINETS AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Guy, Charles John Guy,
and Frederick Spencer Guy at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 14th August 1874.
We, JOHN GUY, CHARLES JOHN GUY, and FREDERICK SPENCER GUY,
all of South Street, Finsbury Market, in the County of Middlesex,
Cabinet Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STATIONERY CABINETS AND OTHER SIMILAR
ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is the construction of stationery cabinets
and other similar articles, in such manner as to render them more
useful than heretofore. Hitherto these articles have been formed with a
waste space at the back, over which the ogee (O G) or other lid usually
stands. Now according to our Invention we form at this part (or if
formed we arrange, adapt, and utilize) a recess or narrow deep vertical
chamber of sufficient size to receive an ordinary letter copying book or
copying paper, such as is used in offices. Within this recess is a plate
bar or similar rigid contrivance held by springs, against which
bears or works a screw operated from outside the recess and
passing through one side or wall of such recess. Springs are usually

page_text: employed to bear against this plate and their effort is counteracted by
the pressure of the screw, so that the plate when moved by the screw
may bear against the letter book. When the letter book or copying
paper is in the recess with a letter therein and proper ordinary copying
arrangements, then by actuating the screw the letter will be duly copied.
When the springs are released other springs below the letter book push
it upward, so that it comes within ready reach of the hand. The ogee
(OG) or lid is hinged or jointed to open and close the recess.
box may be placed on the ogee or lid.
The date
A drawer or chamber for receiving a water well and a copying brush