Improvements in Machines for Spinning Flax, Tow, Hemp, or other similar Fibres.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd Jan., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 23rd Oct., 1893-Accepted, 25th Nov., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machines for Spinning Flax, Tow, Hemp, or other
similar Fibres.
We SINCLAIR HUNTER of 160 Parkview Albert Bridge Road Mountpottinger,
Belfast, Co. Down, Ireland Foundry Manager, WILLIAM HUNTER of Merven
Jordanstown Co. Antrim, Ireland Mill Manager and JAMES MACKIE of Albert
Foundry, Albert Street, Belfast, Co. Antrim Ireland, Machine Manufacturer do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
In the spinning of flax, tow, hemp, or other similar fibres it has hitherto been
the custom to draw it on the spinuing frame, between two pairs of rollers, one pair
acting as retaining & the other pair as drawing rollers to draw the fibre out to any
required length.
Difficulty has however been experienced in doing this, especially when a great
difference existed in the relative surface speeds of the retaining and drawing
rollers.
To obviate this we propose to use three or more pairs of rollers on frames for
spinning flax tow, hemp or other similar fibres, so that the differences in the surface
speed of the rollers are not so great and less pressure will be required for the
pressing rollers than is the case with only two pairs of rollers.
Where three pairs are used, the top pair are retaining rollers only & the middle
pair act both as drawing and retaining rollers, i.e. drawing from the top rollers
while at the same time acting as retaining rollers for the bottom pair.
In spinning the different weights and qualities of yarn, it is often necessary to
change the reach, that is the relative distances between one pair of rollers and
another, and this we accomplish by means of a novel arrangement, of "stand and
saddle," or "saddles" whereby independent action is secured for each saddle while
the pressure on one is independent of that of any other. The pressure is obtained
by means of one or more levers connected to the saddles by one or more spring
wires.
With three pairs of rollers we use two saddles with one stand.
The stand is fastened to the beam in the usual way, and the shank or body of
same may either come between the rollers or over the top of them according as it
may be required for long or short reaches. The stand-head is divided, forming
two jaws between which two saddles independent of each other hang from two
separate points.
The top saddle has an open U in the front side of its upper end, and this U
passes under a pin in the top end of the stand-head and thus supports the saddle.
This pin connects the two jaws of the stand-head, and thus strengthens them.
This saddle controls the action of the top pressing rollers only. The pressure is
transmitted through the saddle by means of a spring wire passing through the
bottom end of the saddle. The U at the upper end of the saddle is the fulcrum,
the power being applied at the lower end by the spring wire while the weight is.
in between, and the pressure is increased as the distance between the top and middle
rollers is increased.
The bottom saddle controls the action of the bottom and middle pressing rollers.
This saddle passes between the jaws of the stand-head, and has an open at
the back side of its upper end, which passes over either a pin, as above, or a
webed projection near the lower end of stand head, and running from the body of
the stand a little way into the jaws of the stand-head, and connects and strengthens

page_text: them. The pressure is transmitted through this saddle by means of a spring wire
and lever same as generally in use.
Dated this 30th day of March 1893.
SINCLAIR HUNTER.
WILLIAM HUNTER.
JAMES MACKIE.
Improvements in Machines for Spinning Flax, Tow, Hemp, or other
similar Fibres.
We SINCLAIR HUNTER of 160 Parkview, Albert Bridge Road, Mountpottinger
Belfast Co. Down, Ireland, Foundry Manager, WILLIAM HUNTER of Merven,
Jordanstown, Co. Antrim, Ireland, Mill Manager and JAMES MACKIE of Albert
Foundry, Albert Street, Belfast Co. Antrim, Ireland, Machine Manufacturer do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
In the spinning of flax, tow, hemp or other similar fibre, it has hitherto been the
custom to draw it on the spinning frame between two pairs of rollers one pair
acting as retaining, the other pair as drawing rollers, to draw the fibre out to any
required length. Difficulty has however been experienced in doing this, especially
when a great difference existed in the relative surface speeds of the retaining and
drawing rollers. To obviate this we propose to use three or more pairs of rollers
on frames for spinning flax, hemp, tow or other similar fibres, so that the
differences in the surface speed of the rollers are not so great, and less pressure
will be required for the pressing roller than is the case with only two pairs of
rollers. When three pairs are used, the top pair are retaining rollers only, and the
middle pair act both as drawing and retaining rollers, i.e. drawing from the top
rollers, while at the same time acting as retaining rollers for the bottom pair.
In spinning the different weights and qualities of yarn it is often necessary to
change the reach, i.e. the relative distance between one pair of rollers and another,
and this is accomplished by means of a novel arrangement of stand and saddle or
saddles whereby independent action is secured for each saddle, while the pressure
on one is independent of that of any other. The pressure is obtained by means of
one or more levers connected to the saddles by one or more spring-wires."
66
With three pairs of rollers we use two saddles with one stand. The stand is
fastened to the beam in the usual way, and the shank or body of same may either
come between the rollers or over the top of them according as it may be required
for long or short reaches. The stand head is divided forming two jaws between
which two saddles independent of each other hang from two separate points.
The top saddle has an open U" in the front side of its upper end, and this U
passes under a pin in the top end of the stand head, and thus supports the saddle.
This pin connects the two jaws of the stand-head, and thus strengthens them.
This saddle controls the action of the top pressing rollers only. The pressure is
transmitted through the saddle, by means of a spring wire passing through the
bottom end of the saddle.
The U at the upper end of the saddle is the fulcrum, the power being applied
to the lower end of the saddle by means of the spring wire while the weight is
between and the pressure is increased as the distance between the top and middle
rollers is increased.
The bottom saddle controls the action of the bottom and middle pressing rollers.
This saddle passes between the jaws of the stand head, and has an open U at
the back side of its upper end, which passes over either a pin as above or a webbed
projection near the lower end of the stand head and running from the body of the

page_text: stand a little way into the jaws of the stand head and connects and strengthens
them.
The pressure is transmitted through the saddle by means of a spring wire and
lever same as generally in use.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 shews by a side view a suitable arrangement of stand and saddles for a
double draft frame. A is the stand with the body coming over the top of the
rollers and with the pin a¹ in the top end of the stand head for the upper saddle B';
and the pin a' at the bottom end of the stand head for controlling the lower
saddle B. The upper saddle B' supports the pressing roller for the top roller
and the pressure is transmitted through by means of the spring-wire x.
The lower saddle B controls the bottom and middle pressing rollers and the
pressure is transmitted through by means of the spring wire y.
The method as
shewn in Fig. 1 is the most suitable arrangement of stand and saddle for the
purpose, but the other drawings shew various other methods which may be used.
Fig. 2 shews by side view and Fig. 3 by a front view of the bar a' and top
saddle B an arrangement for carrying the top saddle B' on a bar a' which runs
from end to end of the frame and supported by projections carried from the body
of the stand A. The lower saddle B being arranged in the same fashion as shewn
in Fig. 1.
In this arrangement the body of the stand is shewa as coming between the top
and middle rollers but it can be carried over the top in the same way as in Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 shews by side view and Fig. 5 by plan view an arrangement of the
invention adapted for use with what is known in the trade as a Gordon stand and
saddle for botton and middle rollers. A being an ordinary Gordon stand and
saddle B for the bottom and middle rollers, while using the same description
of saddle B' as is shewn in Fig. 2 for the top roller.
In both arrrangements shewn by Figs. 2 and 4 a spring wire is required for
each saddle the same as indicated in Fig. 1.
Fig. 6 shews by side view an arrangement of stand and saddles by means of
which only one spring wire is required for transmitting the pressure to all the
rollers.
The top saddle B¹ carries the pressers for the top and middle rollers. In the
middle of this saddle a projection c carrying a pin a which slides in the guiding
slot of the stand head A. The lower saddle B' passes between the jaws of stand
head A and is itself split at the upper end and the top saddle B' passes between.
On the upper end of the lower saddle B' is a slotted projection which passes over
the pin a of the top saddle B' the end of the slot of the lower saddle pressing on
the pin a of the top saddle B'. The lower saddle B' carries the pressing roller
for the bottom roller only. The spring wire & passes between the bottom and
middle rollers and brings the pressure to bear on the bottom saddle B' which
transmits same to the top saddle B' by means of the slotted end bearing on the
pin a of the top saddle Bt.
Fig. 7 shews a side elevation and Fig. 8 a plan of the saddle B₁ separately and
Fig. 9 a side elevation and Fig. 10 a plan of the saddle B' separately.
A reference to Figure 1 will show how the reach is altered to suit the different
yarns.
In the double stand S there are two screws M and N running through the tail
of the slides O and P respectively. The screw M engages the tail of the slide O
and as the screw is turned backwards or forwards it moves the slide up or down
and carries the roller with it and thus alters the distance between the middle and
top rollers or in other words alters the reach. The screw N engages with the tail
of the slide P and as the screw is turned backwards or forwards it moves the
slide up and down thus altering the reach between the bottom and middle rollers.
The pressing rollers are fixed in the saddles in the ordinary manner by means of

page_text: the slides O¹ and P¹ so that on altering the reach they are loosened and raised or
lowered as required as on an ordinary frame.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is :-
In machinery for spinning flax, tow, hemp or other similar fibres.
1. The combination or arrangement and use of parts for effecting the drawing of
the fibres substantially as and for the purpose set forth with respect to Fig.
2. The combination or arrangement and use of parts for effecting the drawing
of the fibres substantially as and for the purpose set forth with respect to Figs. 2
and 3.
.
3. The combination or arrangement and use of parts for effecting the drawing
of the fibres substantially as and for the purpose set forth with respect to Figs. 4
and 5.
4. The combination or arrangement and use of parts for effecting the drawing of
the fibres substantially as and for the purpose set forth with respect to Figs. 6, 7,
8, 9 and 10.
1000
WM. BROOKES & SON,
55 & 56, Chancery Lane, London, Agents for Applicants.