An Improved Method of and Apparatus for Heat Distributing and Regulating, also applicable to Ventilating.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 16th July, 1895--Accepted, 21st Dec., 1895
[Communicated from abroad by WARREN SEYMOUR JOHNSON, of Milwaukee, in
the State of Wisconsin, United States of America, Mechanical Engineer.]
An Improved Method of and Apparatus for Heat Distributing and
Regulating, also applicable to Ventilating.
I, HERBERT SEFTON JONES, of the Firm of W. P. Thompson & Co., Agents
for Foreign Patent Solicitors, 31, High Holborn, in the County of Middlesex,
6, Lord Street, Liverpool, and 6, Bank Street, Manchester, both in the County of
Lancaster, and Lower Temple Street, Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
My invention relates to the automatic delivery, distribution, and regulation of
the heat supply of an apartment or apartments; and a prominent object of the
invention is the employment of a fluid under pressure as the medium not only
for actuating, but also for controlling the operation of the main heat-controlling
valves.
Though many forms of heat-regulating apparatus have heretofore been proposed
and tested, the only form which has been found practicable under all conditions,
bas involved the joint employment of electricity and a fluid under pressure to
control and operate the main valves or dampers. Electrical appliances of this
character are costly in construction and maintenance, are delicate and liable to
derangement, and require close and intelligent supervision, all of which facts tend
to preclude their adoption or impair their usefulness.
My invention aims to avoid entirely the use of electrical appliances, to simplify
the mechanism, dispense with the necessity of supervision, and generally to improve
the construction and operation of the apparatus, while retaining all the advantages
hitherto attainable only through the aid of electricity.
In order that the general plan of my invention may be more easily and clearly
understood than by reference to the apparatus as actually made and used, I show
in Fig. 1 and shall first explain a simple diagram of an elemental portion of the
system or apparatus, in which A designates a main heat controlling valve; Ba
fluid pressure motor comprising an expansion chamber and a movable part which
is connected with said valve; C a three-way valve hereinafter referred to as the
secondary valve controlling the admission and release of the fluid pressure medium
from the expansion chamber of motor B; D a fluid pressure motor hereinafter
referred to as the secondary motor, comprising an expansion chamber and a
movable part which is connected with the valve C; E a tertiary or thermal valve
controlling the outlet of the expansion chamber of motor D, and F a thermostat or
thermal motor with. which the valve E is connected.
By the term "three-way valve" is meant a supply and waste valve, serving to
admit a fluid pressure medium into and to permit its escape from the expansion
chamber of the motor connected with the main valve.
The motors connected with the main and secondary valves may be supplied with
fluid pressure from the same or different sources, the particular sources. of supply
being of minor importance.
Although, as stated, the primary and secondary motors may be supplied with
fluid pressure from different sources, it is preferable to supply them from the same
source to prevent a failure of the fluid pressure supply to the secondary motor D

page_text: from causing the heat controlling valve or damper A to be permanently closed,
which is obviously undesirable and might occur if each motor were supplied from
an independent source of fluid pressure, because the failure of fluid pressure supply
to the motor D would operate through the valve C to establish communication
between the motor B and its source of fluid pressure supply, which if independent
and in operative condition, would close the main valve A and hold it closed while
such conditions lasted, irrespective of the operation of the thermostat; while if both
-motors were supplied from the same source, any failure of fluid pressure that would
'cause the valve C to open communication between such source and the motor B
independently of the thermostat, would also deprive the motor B of fluid pressure
and allow the main valve A. to open or remain open as long as the fluid pressure was
lacking.
Herein resides one of the important advantages in the employment of fluid
pressure for the actuation of both motors as against the use of fluid pressure for
one, and another agent, as electricity, for actuation for the other motor, the present
plan enabling me to derive power from a common source and thus obviate the
difficulty above pointed out.
Another, and a far more important advantage in the employment of fluid
pressure for both motors, is found in the exceeding delicacy of regulation
thereby attainable, and which cannot be reached by any other means within my
knowledge.
Hitherto, the closest regulation attained, so far as I am able to learn, has been
secured through the agency of electricity, the circuit being closed or opened
thermostatically; but it is essential in any electrical appliance of the kind that the
movement of the thermostatic strip or bar be sufficient to certainly break the
circuit and to prevent sparking or accidental short circuiting. Commonly,
the variation permitted either way from the normal or prescribed temperature is
two degrees Fahrenheit, and only very carefully constructed electrical apparatus
will regulate within these limits. The present system, however, is so exceedingly
delicate, owing to the fact that fluid pressure is employed in the secondary motor.
and to the further fact that the thermostat bas only to close or open a very minute
orifice, without the intervention of any links, joints, or moving parts whatever,
that a good mercurial thermometer is incapable of showing any deviation from the
predetermined degree, although the apparatus may operate many times.
The
thermostat is absolutely free from and unaffected by any other than atmospheric
changes, and exerts no force other than that of moving an infinitesimal distance,
sufficient to cover or uncover a minute orifice and stop the escape of air therefrom.
This orifice is so small, and the area of the diaphragm of the motor is relatively so
large that the diaphragm will move the instant the thermostat carries its pad
against the nipple in which the opening is formed.
Incidentally the cost of manufacture, instalment and maintenance is greatly less
than with electrical apparatus, while the danger of rendering the entire apparatus
inoperative through a single short circuit, is completely eliminated.
For these reasons, I regard the employment of fluid pressure motors for the
main and secondary valves a matter of great importance.
It will be noticed that while the fluid pressure supply to the primary motor is
controlled by a three-way valve, the fluid pressure supply to the secondary motor
is not so controlled, but is constantly open, the outlet only of the secondary motor
being controlled by the valve E and thermostat. It follows therefore, that when
said valve is open, there will be a constant waste of fluid pressure from the
expansion chamber of the secondary motor, and to render it operative, the supply
opening must be smaller than the waste opening, the supply opening being in
practice made so small that the loss of fluid pressure from this cause 'is
immaterial.
The operation of this elemental portion of the apparatus which constitutes what
may be called the unit of fluid pressure control, may be explained as follows:
Assuming that the temperature of the apartment which the apparatus controls has

page_text: reached the desired limit, the thermostat F will cause the valve E to open the
outlet of motor D. The area of the fluid pressure supply to said motor being
smaller than that of the outlet, as above stated, the expansion chamber of said
motor is allowed to collapse, and the secondary valve C is moved by a spring
or other device acting in opposition to the fluid pressure in said motor, so as
to admit fluid pressure into the expansion chamber of motor B, and thereby to
close the main valve A, as shown in Fig. 1. While the temperature remains at
or above the desired limit, the valve E will be held open by the thermostat,
and the main valve A will be held closed by motor B, which is in direct
communication with the source of fluid pressure supply, as long as the secondary
valve C remains in the position shown. Suppose now that the temperature falls
below the desired limit. The valve E will be closed by the action of the
thermostat F and fluid pressure constantly supplied to the expansion chamber of
motor D will thus be caused to accumulate therein and to shift the secondary
valve C so as to cut off the expansion chamber of motor B from its fluid pressure
supply and open it to exhaust. Said expansion chamber being thus permitted to
collapse, the main valve A will be opened by a spring or other device acting in
opposition to the fluid pressure, and heat will be again admitted to the apartment.
When the temperature rises to the desired limit, the valve E will be again opened
by the thermostat and the main valve closed through the joint action of the
secondary motor D, the secondary valve C and the primary motor B, as above
explained.
It will be observed that when the main valve is closed, thus shutting off the
supply of heat, the thermal or tertiary valve E is open, and vice versa. This
relative arrangement of the valves is of advantage in that less fluid pressure will
be lost than if the arrangement were otherwise, because while the apparatus is in
operation there is much more time when the main valve is open and heat is being
admitted to the apartment, than when it is closed.
The importance of this relative arrangement will be apparent when it is
remembered that it is common to have several hundred rooms connected in one
system, and that the aggregate loss is consequently considerable, It is usual to
employ hydraulic air compressors for this apparatus, and the water is supplied at
a given price, hence the less the waste of air the less will be the amount of water
used, and this in turn determines the expense of running the apparatus, air
compression being the only item of expense under the present system.
It is essential in the practical operation of apparatus of this kind that the
opening and closing of the main valve be prompt and complete. This is
particularly true in the case of steam heating apparatus where the main valve is
connected with a steam supply pipe. To effect this it is necessary that the
operation of the secondary valve be prompt and complete also. This is casily
accomplished when the secondary valve is operated by electricity, but when it is to
be operated by fluid pressure controlled by the direct action of a thermostatic
device, its operation will manifestly be gradual and uncertain unless special
provision is made to cause its instantaneous movement from one extreme position
to the other. For the reasons just stated, the form of secondary valve and its
operating connections shown in the diagram are impracticable, because the gradual
movement of the thermostat causing a gradual filling and depletion of the expansion
chamber of the secondary motor, would cause a like retarded operation of the
secondary valve, and this would in turn produce a retarded and uncertain operation
of the main valve. But in the apparatus as actually constructed and as
hereinafter explained, I have provided for the instantaneous operation of the
secondary valve.
In the most approved system of heating at the present day, especially in schools
aud piiblic buildings the indirect method is employed instead of the direct; that
is, a current of fresh air is heated and introduced into the room or apartment to be
warmed, and this current of air which conveys the heat also serves the purpose of
ventilation. If a single heat controlling valve or damper, as shown in Fig. 1, were

page_text: employed, it is obvious that the closing of such valve or damper would interfere
with ventilation. In order to avoid interference with the ventilation and at the
same time control the temperature, I employ in connection with my system, a
double form of damper so arranged that in one position it will exclude the heated
air from and admit a current of fresh, cool air to the apartment, the temperature of
which is controlled thereby. In this way more perfect and accurate control of the
temperature is secured, inasmuch as by this system of heating a more prompt and
positive action of the thermostat is produced, a conditiou most favorable to the
satisfactory operation of the controlling connections between it and the main valve
or damper as above explained.
Thus far I have considered my invention as applied to. temperature regulation
--only, and, so far as a single unit of the system is concerned, it serves only as a heat
regulator and ventilator, but when it is incorporated in a system it performs the
additional function of distributing the heat derived from a common source to a
number of apartments as required. By means of the joint action of the thermostats
and fluid pressure controlling devices when incorporated in the system, I not only
regulate the temperature of individual apartments, but I at the same time distribute
the heat as required to the several apartments so that none will be supplied to the
exclusion of others.
It is essential not only that the heat he properly regulated and distributed to
the several apartments included in the systein, but also for economy and safety,
that the generation of heat be limited according to the demand upon the common
source which supplies it.
Having thus stated the general objects and nature of my invention, I will now
particularly describe the construction and operation of the apparatus embodying
the invention in a complete and practicable form, by reference to the remaining
figures in the drawing, in which
Fig. 2 is a general view of a complete system of apparatus embodying the
invention;
Fig. 3 is a front elevation on a greatly enlarged scale, of one of the thermostatic
fluid pressure controlling devices or instruments, the cover being removed and
portions broken away to disclose the mechanism more clearly;
Fig. 4 is a vertical section of the same, including the cover, on the line 4-4,
Fig. 3;
Fig. 5 is a section on the line 5-5, Fig. 4;
Fig. 6 a.section on the line 6-6, Fig. 5;
Fig. 7 a cross section on the line 7-7 Fig. 3, and
Figs. 8 and 9, sections on an enlarged scale of one of the supply and waste
valves through which the several thermostatic fluid pressure controlling devices
jointly control the draft of the heater, Fig. 9 being a section on the line 9-9, Fig. 8.
Referring to Fig. 2, G designates a source of heat which, for convenience of
illustration, I have shown as a combination heater constructed and arranged to
heat air and supply it directly to certain apartments, and also to generate steam or
heat water, which may be employed, as shown, to heat certain apartments either
by the direct or the indirect method. For the purpose of illustration I have shown
rooms 1 and 2 provided with radiators H H which are connected by supply and
return pipes with the boiler of the heater. The supply of the heating medium
to each radiator is controlled by a valve A, like or similar to that shown in Fig. 1.
Rooms 3 and 4 I have shown as supplied with warm or cool air through heating
and ventilating flues I, having a hot air supply connection g with the heater, and
a cool air supply connection i controlled by a double damper A'. Room 5 I have
shown connected directly with the heater by a hot air pipe gl provided with a
single damper A2, and in connection with room 6 I have shown an indirect method
of heating by steam or hot water. K represents a steam coil or radiator enclosed
in a box or casing, which is supplied with fresh, cool air through a pipe k, and has
an opening into a flue I' leading to the room. ' is a by-passage connecting the
air supply pipe or duct with the flue 1', and A³ is a double damper like or similar

page_text: to that above mentioned, controlling the opening of said flue into the heater box
and into the by-passage, and arranged to open one when it closes the other. The
heater K may be connected, as shown, with the supply and return pipes h h³, or
directly with the boiler, and the air supply pipe k may be connected as shown,
with the cool air duct G¹ leading from any convenient and suitable point into the
casing of the heater.
In order to make the course of the heating fluids perfectly clear, it may be
stated that warm air passes upward through pipe g¹ to room 5, and by pipe g and
flue I to rooms 3 and 4.. Steam or hot water rises from heater G, through supply
pipe h, traverses radiators H, H, in rooms 1 and 2, and K in the furnace room,
and returns to the heater by return pipe h'. Rooms 1 and 2 are thus heated by
direct radiation, while room 6 is heated through indirect radiation, these several
modes of heating, being common and well understood.
It will be observed that no provision is made for ventilation in connection with
the heating appliances of rooms 1 and 2; that room 5 has no provision for
ventilation apart from that incidental to the supply of heated air, which is
obviously interrupted when the single controlling damper is closed, but that
rooms 3, 4 and 6 are supplied with fresh, cool air when the supply of heat thereto
is shut off. Consequently the methods of heating shown in connection with
rooms, 3, 4 and 6 are, most suitable for school and public buildings, while those
shown in connection with rooms 1, 2 and 5 are suitable and commonly employed
for dwellings and offices. Each of the main heat controlling valves or dampers
hereinbefore mentioned, is connected with and arranged to be operated by a fluid
pressure motor B, like or similar to that herein before explained. Each of the
several rooms or apartments, the temperature of which is to be controlled, is
provided with a thermostatic fluid pressure controlling instrument L, which is
connected by a supply pipe with a source of fluid pressure, which in the present
case I have shown to be a hydraulic air compressor M, having water supply and
waste connections m and m¹. Each fluid pressure controlling instrument is also
connected by a delivery pipe with the expansion chamber of the motor B
connected with the valve or damper which controls the admission of heat to the
apartment in which such instrument is located.
I will now describe in detail, by reference to Figs. 3 to 7 inclusive, one of the
thermostatic fluid pressure controlling instruments comprising the secondary valve,
the secondary fluid pressure motor, the tertiary or thermal valve, and the thermostat
or thermal motor herein before referred to, and all of which may be conveniently
associated in a single instrument and mounted on a common base.
N designates the base of the instrument. It is formed near the upper end with
connections n n', as shown in Figs. 5, 6 and 7, for the fluid pressure supply and
delivery pipes / and l'. The supply connection n communicates through a port
or passage c, and the delivery connection a through a port or connection c¹, with
the chamber of the supply and waste' valve C, which has a waste or exhaust port
or passage ², as shown in Fig. 4. The supply connection also communicates
constantly through passages 2 and 3, as shown in Fig. 6, with the expansion
chamber of the secondary motor D, which has a waste or exhaust passage n*
leading therefrom and terminating in a nipple n, as shown in Figs. 3, 4 and. 5.
.:
C is a supply and waste valve arranged to alternately open and close the supply
and waste ports or passages c and c² opening into and out of opposite ends of its
chamber. It is hereinbefore mentioned as the secondary valve which controls the
supply and release of the fluid pressure medium to and from the primary motor B.
O is a rectangular frame pivoted at or near its lower end to the base N and
connected with the movable part or diaphragm plate d of the secondary motor D,
and constituting in effect a simple lever of the third class. The members: o o' of a
toggle joint or lever are pivotally connected with the frame on opposite sides
of their jointed connection with each other by cross bars or pins 02.02. The holes
in frame O for the. lower pivot pin o² are elongated as shown, to permit the toggle
joint to knuckle in either direction. The upper member o is extended above the

page_text: upper pivot pin and forked to engage with a groove in the head of the stem of
valve C. The upper and lower pivot pins of are connected on opposite sides of the
toggle joint by springs o³ o³, which tend to carry and hold the joint between its
members to the extreme limit of its movement on either side of a straight line
passing through its pivot connections with frame O. o* of are springs acting upon
the frame O in opposition to the fluid pressure motor D. 0805 are adjustable stops
for limiting the movement of the upper free end of frame O in either direction.
The purpose of the mechanism above described, connecting the secondary motor D
with the supply and waste valve C, is to instantly and completely shift said valve
from one of the ports which it controls, to the other, notwithstanding the gradual
or slow movement of said motor, for reasons hereinbefore explained.
F designates a thermal expansion strip constituting the thermostat or thermal
motor herein before referred to. It is made of two strips of metal having different
coefficients of expansion, and for the sake of compactness, is preferably constructed
in the form of a spiral, as shown. It is provided at its free end with a valve E
hereinbefore called the thermal or tertiary valve, which is arranged according to
variations in the temperature of the surrounding medium, to open and close the
waste port in the end of nipple n³, and thus release or confine the fluid pressure
medium from or in the expansion chamber of the secondary motor D. At its
opposite end said expansion strip is attached to a stud which is pivoted in a
lever P fulcrumed at one end to the base N, and forked at the opposite end.
p is a cam accurately fitted between the prongs of said lever and provided with a
stem pl which is journalled at its rear end in the base N, and formed at its front
end with a key head.
Qis a scale supported over the expansion strip F by posts on the base, and
graduated to designate degrees of temperature. q is an index hand mounted upon
the stem p and projecting at its free end into proximity with the graduated
scale Q, so as to indicate thereon the degree of temperature at which the instrument
is set to open or close the valve E, and thereby admit or release fluid pressure to
and from the primary motor B through the agency of the connections herein before
explained. p² p² are screws threaded in ears on base N on opposite sides of
lever P, and constituting adjustable stops for limiting its movement in either
direction at the desired point, or for locking it in any desired position. p³ is an
arm or plate attached to the stud and provided in rearwardly projecting ears on
opposite sides of lever P, with adjusting screws p, whereby it may be turned in
either direction and secured in any desired position. Means are thus afforded for
adjusting the valve E with reference to its seat or the waste port in the end of
Lipple n³, independently of the cam p and its connections.
R is a cone-shaped valve having a similarly shaped seat in the opening from
passage n into the valve chamber out of which the passage n³ leads to the
expansion chamber of motor D. It is formed with a screw threaded stem or head
which engages with an internal thread cut in the valve chamber, as shown in
Fig. 6, whereby the area of the opening may be accurately adjusted and the supply
of fluid pressure to the secondary motor D exactly regulated. The valve chamber
is closed by a screw cap r.
The valve R serves an important purpose in this connection, because the inlet
passage which it controls is so exceedingly small that it is impossible to drill it to
gauge. It is therefore necessary to employ the pin or cone valve R, forcing the
same so closely to its seat that the air can escape only at such rate that if allowed
to pass through water it will produce approximately from seventy-five to one
hundred small bubbles per minute. In practice I have operated with an opening
of far less capacity, though the above is deemed to be about the proper opening.
The instrument is provided with a cover N which with the base N coustitutes a
housing for the mechanism herein before described, and prevents unwarranted
meddling therewith. It is formed with a glass or mica closed opening q², through
which the graduated scale Q is exposed to view, and with an opening through
which access is had to the key head of stem p².

page_text: 33
The operation of this part of the apparatus may be explained as follows:
Assuming that the temperature in the room in which the instrument L is located,
falls to or below the limit at which the main heat controlling valve or damper is to
be opened, the thermal expansion strip F contracts, carrying the valve E against
the nipple n, thereby closing the waste opening or passage n¹ from the expansion
chamber of motor D, as shown in Fig. 3. Compressed air being constantly supplied
to said chamber through the passages n² and n³ and through the supply pipe from.
the compressor M or other source of fluid pressure will accumulate in said chamber,.
forcing its movable part outwardly. As the expansion chamber is gradually
filled, the frame will be moved slowly outward from the position in which it is
shown in Fig. 4. The valve C being seated against the waste port or passage c³,
cannot be moved farther outward, and its grooved head being engaged by the
upper forked end of member o of the toggle joint, motor D gradually moves the
members of said joint towards a straight line against the tension of the springs o³ ³,
which tend to knuckle the joint when it passes the center in either direction. As
soon as the members o and o' of said toggle joint are carried by the slow outward
movement of frame past the center or a straight line, the springs o³ operate to
instantly complete the outward movement of said joint and to shift the valve C
from the waste port c² against the supply port of passage c. Communication is.
thus closed between the supply and delivery connections n and n¹ of the instrument
through the ports or passages c and c¹. The expansion chamber of the primary
motor B with which the instrument is connected through pipe l', is thus cut off
from the fluid pressure supply pipe and opened to exhaust through the waste port
or passage c² and said pipe l, now in communication therewith. The diaphragm or
movable wall of the primary motor is allowed to collapse or recede, and a spring b,
as shown in Fig. 1, or other device acting against the Huid pressure, is permitted to
promptly and completely open the main valve or damper. Heat being Dow
admitted into the room, raises the temperature, which when it has reached the
desired degree, opens valve E by the expansion of strip F. The fluid pressure
supply opening to the expansion chamber of the secondary motor D having been
permanently adjusted by the regulating valve R to an area smaller than the area
of the waste opening from said chamber through the passage n* and nipple n³, the
accumulated compressed air in said expansion chamber is allowed to escape
therefrom faster than it enters through its supply connection, and the movable
part d of said motor is thus permitted to slowly recede. The springs of acting in
opposition to the fluid pressure in said motor, slowly swing the frame O backward,.
holding the valve C in the meantime snugly against the supply port c.
As soon,.
however, as the members of the toggle joint are carried past a straight line, the
springs o instantly complete their movement and shift the valve C from the supply
port c to the waste port c², in the manner above explained. The movement of the
frame O in either direction being limited by the stops o o, prevents its continued
movement from ultimately reversing the position of the valve C. The exhaust
port being now closed, and communication between the supply and delivery
pipes and established, compressed air is again admitted into the expansion.
chamber of the fluid motor B, thereby promptly and completely closing the main
valve or damper against the tension of spring b.
When the instrument is tested, the expansion strip F and valve E are set by
means of the adjusting screws p* p* to open the waste port or passage of motor D,.
according to the indication of the index g upon the scale Q, and in practical use
the instrument may be set to close the main heat controlling valve or damper at
any degree of temperature by turning the index hand g to that degree as designated
on the scale Q. This operates at the same time through the cam p, to shift the
lever P and expansion strip F so as to cause the valve E to open when the
temperature rises to the degree indicated.
It will be observed by reference to Fig. 1, that when the main heat controlling:
valve or damper is closed, the thermostatic valve E is open, and vice versa, for the
purpose, as herein before stated, of avoiding waste of fluid pressure.

page_text: .
.
My improved thermostatic fluid pressure controlling devices serve not only to
regulate the temperature of the individual room or rooms in which they are
located, but also when incorporated in a system, as shown in Fig. 2, to distribute
the heat as required to the several apartments. Without some such system of
distribution some of the apartments deriving their supply of heat from a common
source, on account of more favorable location or other conditions, would receive
more than the requisite amount of heat, to the exclusion of others less favorably
located or conditioned.
With my improved apparatus the thermostatic fluid pressure controlling devices,
in those rooms or apartments which by reason of their more favorable location or
otherwise, would first be supplied with heat from a common source to the exclusion
of others; shut off the supply of heat therefrom when the temperature reaches the
desired limit therein, and the entire energy of the heater is thus applied to raising
the temperature in the remaining. room or rooms which are less favorably located,
or which from other causes would otherwise receive less than their due supply of
heat. In this way the apparatus uot only regulates the temperature of the
individual, apartments, but distributes it as required to the several rooms, auto-
matically shutting it off from such as do not need it and directing the entire energy
of the heater to such as do need it.
In additicu to the regulation of the temperature of individual rooms and the
distribution of heat to several apartments supplied from a common source, my
improved apparatus and system contemplates the control of the source of
artificial heat whereby economy and safety are secured as well as more perfect
regulation.
The
Referring again to Fig. 2, 92 and 93 designate the check and main draft dampers
of the heater G. B¹ is a fluid pressure motor similar to the primary motor shown
in Fig. 1, consisting of an expansion chamber and a movable part which is
connected with said dampers so as to close one when it opens the other.
expansion chamber of this motor is connected by a pipe 12 with the air com-
pressor M or other source of fluid pressure. The fluid pressure supply pipe /² is
provided with a series of supply and waste valves S S, shown in detail in Figs. 8
and 9, and each connected with a fluid pressure motor B2, which is in turn connected
wtih the delivery pipe leading from one of the thermostatic fluid pressure
controlling instruments L. By reference to Figs. 8 and 9, it will be observed that
when fluid pressure is admitted to motor B and its diaphragm expanded, the
valve S connected therewith will open its supply port sand close its exhaust port s¹.
Thus, when all the valves S are in the position above stated, communication
will be established between the air compressor or source of fluid pressure supply
and the expansion chamber of motor B, which will thus be caused to open the
check damper 92 and close the main draft damper ³, and check the fire in the
heater. It will be seen that the joint action of all the thermostatic fluid pressure
- controlling instruments L L is required to open the several valves S S and thereby
check the draft of the heater. On the other hand, the operation of a single
instrument L is sufficient to close the valve S connected therewith, and thus, by
cutting off the fluid pressure supply from motor B' and opening it to exhaust, open
the draft of the heater. Whenever an instrument L operates to close the valve or
damper, admitting heat into the room in which such instrument is located, it also
operates through the connected motor B2, to open the supply port s of the corre-
sponding valve S.. Thus, when the temperature in all the apartments supplied
by. the heater has reached the required limit, the draft of the heater will be closed
by the joint action of all the instruments L L, but when the temperature in any
apartment falls below the required limit, the draft of the heater will be opened
by the sole action of the individual instrument L in that apartment, and its
connection.
+
".
In connection with a fluid pressure motor such as D, having a constantly open
restricted fluid pressure supply connection and an outlet of larger area governed by
a relief valve, it is essential to its practical operation that the fluid pressure be

page_text: held within certain limits for which the supply and relief openings are proportioned
and adjusted, because materiali fluctuations or a considerable excess of pressure
above the proper limit would prevent the depletion of the expansion chamber of
the motor, and render it inoperative or its operation uncertain. It is also
necessary that the compressed air or fluid pressure medium should be free from
dust or impurities by which the minute inlet or supply opening would be clugged
or obstructed.
I therefore apply a reducing valve T to the water supply connection m of the
air compressor M, as shown in Fig. 2, or any other suitable form of governor, to
the source of fluid pressure or its connections, in any way that will maintain a
practically uniform pressure or prevent it from rising above a certain limit.
I also fill the passage n' with cotton or other suitable filtering, material, as shown
in Fig. 6.
A thermometer N secured to the front of the case or cover, enables the
oocupant of the room to ascertain whether or not the apparatus is operating
properly.
The mechanism for effecting a quick throw of the valve C is capable of quite
general application, where like sudden and full throw requires to be made, through
the operation of a slowly or gradually acting prime motor.
In Figs. 10, 11 and 12 I have represented the mechanism on a larger scale, and
have shown instead of valve Ca rod adapted 'to be connected with or attached to
the device to be moved. In Figs. 10 and 11 the flexible diaphragm is employed,
as in Figs. 3, 4, 5 and 6; while in Fig. 12, an ordinary cylinder and piston are
represented. In all other respects the mechanism remains the same as above
described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to me by
my foreign correspondent, I declare that what I claim is
1. In a valve or damper-controlling apparatus, the combination of a primary, a
secondary, and a tertiary valve; fluid pressure motors for actuating, the primary
and secondary valves; and a thermostatic motor for actuating the tertiary valve;
the primary valve serving to regulate the heat supply, the secondary valve serving
to control the delivery and release of fluid pressure to and from the primary valve
motor, and the tertiary valve serving to open and close an outlet of the fluid
pressure motor of the secondary valve and thereby to control the fluid pressure of
the secondary valve motor.
2. In a heat-regulating apparatus, the combination of a main heat-controlling
valve or damper, a primary fluid pressure motor connected therewith, a secondary
valve controlling the supply and release of fluid pressure to and from said motor,
a secondary fluid pressure motor connected with said secondary valve; a tertiary
valve controlling the release of fluid pressure from the secondary motor, and a
thermostat arranged to actuate said tertiary valve, the main valve being arranged
to close when the tertiary valve opens, and vice versa, substantially as and for the
purposes set forth.
3. In combination with a main heat-controlling valve or damper, a fluid pressure
motor for actuating said valve or damper, a second valve controlling said fluid-
pressure motor, a second fluid pressure motor controlling said second valve, and a
thermostat controlling the relative supply and waste of fluid in the second fluid-
pressure motor.
4. In combination with a valve or like device, and with a slowly-acting motor
having a movable member, a pivoted frame or lever connected with the movable
member of said motor, a toggle-joint carried. by said frame and connected with
the valve or like device, and a spring tending to carry the members of the toggle
joint out of line with each other, substantially as aud for the purpose set forth.
5. In combination with a valve or like device, and with a slowly-acting motor
having a movable member, a pivoted frame or lever connected with the movable
B

page_text: member of said motor, stops to limit the play of said frame, a toggle-joint carried
by said frame and connected with the valve or like device, and a spring, tending
to carry the. members of the toggle-joint out of line with each other; whereby the
initial action of the motor is caused to move the frame and to shift the toggle
from one to the other side of its central line, without affecting the valve, and
the spring is thereupon caused to throw the valve instantaneously its entire distance
regardless of the continuing movement of the motor and frame.
6. In combination with valve C and fluid-pressure motor D, swinging frame O,
toggle-joint o o pivotally connected with frame O, and having an extension beyond
its pivot to engage the stem of valve C, and a spring o³ connected at one end
with the toggle joint and at the other end. with frame O, all substantially as
described and shown...
2
こ
7. In heat-regulating apparatus, the combination with a main heat-controlling
valve or damper, and a fluid pressure motor connected therewith, of a thermostatic
fluid pressure controlling instrument governing the operation of said motor, and
comprising a supply and waste valve, a secondary fluid pressure motor connected
therewith having a constant fluid pressure supply connection and an outlet of
larger area, a valve controlling said outlet, and a thermal expansion strip arranged
to actuate said valve, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
8. In heat-regulating apparatus, the combination with a main heat-controlling
valve or damper, and a fluid pressure motor connected therewith, of thermostatic
fluid pressure controlling. mechanism governing the operation of said motor and
comprising a supply and waste valve, a secondary fluid pressure motor connected
therewith having an outlet, and a fluid supply connection provided with a regulating
valve, a valve controlling said outlet, and a thermostat arranged to actuate said
outlet valve; substantially as and for the purposes set forth..
9. In heat-regulating apparatus, the combination of a movable block or lever;
an indicator arm connected with and serving to move said block; a scale over
which the indicator moves; a stud pivotally connected with the movable block;
a screw for adjusting said stud relatively to the block; and a, thermostatic bar or
strip carried by the stud; the screw serving to adjust the thermostatic bar or strip
relatively to the indicator arm, and the indicator arm serving to adjust said bar or
strip relatively to the scale, substantially as explained.
10. In heat-regulating apparatus, the combination with a heat-controlling valve
or damper, and a fluid pressure motor connected therewith, of a thermostatic fluid
pressure controlling instrument comprising a suitable base and cover, a supply and
waste valve, a secondary fluid pressure motor connected therewith, a lever pivoted
to said base, a thermal expansion strip pivotally connected with said lever and
provided with a valve which controls the operation of the secondary motor, a cam
engaging said lever and provided with a key stem accessible through an opening
in the cover, a scale exposed through an opening in the cover, an index connected
with said cam, and arranged to indicate upon said scale the degree of temperature
at which the instrument is set to open or close said thermostatic valve, an arm or
plate attached to the pivotal connection of the expansion strip, and a screw
arranged to turn the same and to adjust the thermostatic valve with reference to its
seat, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
-
11. In heat-regulating apparatus, the combination with a source of fluid pressure,
of an automatic governor for regulating such pressure, a fluid-pressure motor
connected with said source of fluid pressure by a restricted passage and having a
relief opening of normally greater area than its inlet, a valve controlling said relief
opening, a thermostatic motor for operating said relief valve, a main valve or
damper, and intermediate mechanism whereby said main valve or damper is
operated and controlled through said fluid-pressure motor.
12. In heat-regulating apparatus, the combination of a motor for producing fluid.
pressure, an automatic governor for controlling said motor or pressure, an expansion
chamber subject to the action of the fluid pressure produced by said motor, a
restricted opening between said chamber. and said fluid pressure, motor, a relief.

page_text: opening from said expansion chamber having a greater normal opening than said
inlet opening, a valve controlling said relief opening, a thermal motor for operating
said relief valve, a main valve and intermediate mechanism between said expansion
chamber and said main valve, whereby said main valve is operated through the
movements of said expansion chamber, substantially as and for the purposes
set forth.
13. In heat-regulating apparatus, the combination with a main heat-controlling
valve or damper, and a source of fluid pressure supply, of a fluid pressure motor
governing the operation of said main valve or damper, and having a constantly open
restricted passage communicating with said source of fluid pressure supply, and an
outlet or relief passage of greater area, a filter between said restricted supply
opening and the source of fluid pressure; a relief valve controlling said outlet, and
a thermal motor for operating said relief valve, substantially as and for the purposes.
set forth.
14. A mechanical movement comprising the following elements in combination :
a swinging frame; means for moving said frame; a toggle carried by said frame
and having one member pivoted and the other arranged to slide therein; a device
to be moved; a connection between the toggle and said device; and a spring
connected with and serving to bow the toggle.
15. In combination with a movable device as C, provided with stops to determine
its range of movement, mechanism for imparting a sudden movement thereto in
opposite directions, consisting of a swinging frame, means for moving said frame, a
toggle having one member pivotally attached to and the other arranged to slide in
said frame, a spring connected with and tending to bow the toggle, and a connection
between the toggle and the device to be moved, substantially as set forth.
16. In combination with a movable device having a restricted range of
movement, mechanism for moving the same suddenly in one and the other
direction, consisting of a swinging frame, a motor for moving said frame, a
toggle having one of its members pivoted in said frame and connected with
the part to be moved, and having its other member arranged to slide in
the swinging frame, and a spring connected with and serving to bow the toggle.
17. In combination with a member having a restricted range of movement, as C,
and with a prime motor D, a translating device interposed between the member to
be moved and the motor, and comprising swinging frame O, a toggle o o¹ carried
therein by pivotal connection o² and sliding connection 02, a yoke extending from
the toggle to the member to be moved, and a spring o³ connected with and serving
to bow the toggle when its three pivots are thrown out of alignment.
a
18. In combination with a member as C, having a restricted range of movement,
swinging frame O, stops to limit the play of said frame, a motor for moving said
frame in one direction, a spring for returning said frame, a toggle carried by said
frame and having its members respectively connected therewith by pivotal and
by sliding connections, a spring acting upon and serving to bow the toggle, and a
connection between the toggle and the member to be moved.
19. The combination with a heating device and a thermostat in the room to be
heated, of an intermediate series of valves and fluid-pressure motors, the first valve
controlling the heating medium and in turn being controlled by the first fluid-
pressure motor, the second valve controlling the first motor and being itself
controlled by the second fluid pressure motor, the third valve controlling the
second motor and in turn being controlled by the thermostat, and a single source
of fluid pressure supply for both motors, said supply being other than the heating
medium.
Dated the 16th dow of Tulu, 1005
W. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Agents.