Improvements in Fluid-tight Joints or Couplings for Pipes and the like.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 21st Apr., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 21st Jan., 1891-Accepted, 21st Feb., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Fluid-tight Joints or Couplings for Pipes
and the like.
We, JOHN NEWTON of 79 Mark Lane in the City of London in the County of
Middlesex, Merchant, and DANIEL ARTHUR QUIGGIN of 21 Brasenose Road
Liverpool in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to such joints as are made when it is desired to connect
two pipes or a pipe and a vessel so that their interiors are in fluid-tight communi-
cation, and it is specially applicable to the joints between the tubular heating
surfaces and the pipes or diaphragms to which they are attached, in evaporators,
feed heaters and the like such as those described in the Specification of a Paten
granted to us numbered 538 and dated Jan. 11th 1889.
a
We interpose between the surfaces which would otherwise abut in making the
joint, a ring or washer of tin or other suitable metal. This ring or washer is
secured to one of the surfaces between which the joint is to be made by forming
circular groove or trough therein, tinning the same and casting the tin or other
metal thereto; in this way a very firm attachment is obtained and when the joint
is opened there is no risk of the ring or washer becoming displaced. As a means
of still further security we prefer to form the groove or trough of a dovetailed
cross section, this is readily effected by forming the groove with parallel walls in
the first instance and then "burring" or spinning the said walls, which are thin,
inwards towards each other. The tin or other metal after casting is finished up
true and from its slight plasticity affords an excellent material for abutting against
the other and harder surface forming the joint.
The abutting surfaces may be left smooth, but we generally prefer to groove
each of them with one or more concentric vee grooves or ridges so disposed as to
accurately interlock. This not only improves the staunchness of the joint but
prevents the spreading of the softer surface by undue pressure.
+3
SLOAN & LLOYD BARNES,
Castle Chambers, Castle Street, Liverpool, Agents for the Applicants.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Fluid-tight Joints or Couplings for Pipes
and the like.
We, JOHN NEWTON of 79 Mark Lane in the City of London in the County of
Middlesex, Merchant, and DANIEL ARTHUR QUIGGIN of 21 Brasenose Road,
Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to such joints as are made when it is desired to connect two
pipes or a pipe and a vessel so that their interiors are in fluid-tight communication,
and it is specially applicable to the joints between the tubular heating surfaces and
the pipes or diaphragms to which they are attached, in evaporators, feed heaters
and the like such as those described in the Specification of a Patent granted to us
numbered 538 and dated January 11th, 1889.
We interpose between the surfaces which would otherwise abut in making the

page_text: joint, a ring or washer of. tin or other suitable metal. This ring or washer is
secured to one of the surfaces between which the joint is to be made by forming a
circular groove or trough therein, tinning the same and casting the tin or other
metal thereto; in this way a very firm attachment is obtained and when the joint
is opened there is no risk of the ring or washer becoming displaced. As a means
of still further security we prefer to form the groove or trough of a dovetailed
cross section, this is readily effected by forming the groove with parallel walls in
the first instance and then "burring" or spinning the said walls, which are thin,
inwards toward each other. The tin or other metal after casting is finished up
true and from its slight plasticity affords an excellent material for abutting against
the other and harder surface forming the joint.
The abutting surfaces may be left smooth, but we generally prefer to groove each
of them with one or more concentric vee grooves or ridges so disposed as to
accurately interlock. This not only improves the staunchness of the joint but
prevents the spreading of the softer surface by undue pressure.
In the accompanying drawings which serve to illustrate our invention,
Fig. I. is a sectional elevation on the line A. A of Fig. II. of our invention
applied to making a joint between a pipe 1 and a nipple 2 on a larger pipe 3:
Fig. II. is a sectional plan of the same on the line B B of Fig. I.;
Fig. III. is a sectional elevation on the line C C of Fig. IV. of our invention
applied to making a joint between a pipe 1 and a diaphragm plate 4 ;
Fig. IV. is a plan of the same;
1. Figs. V. and VI. show the method of forming the dove-tailed groove 5;
Fig. VII. is a sectional elevation on the line E E of Fig. VIII. of our invention
applied to forming a joint between the pipes 1 and 1' where the abutting surfaces.
are conical; and
Fig. VIII. is a sectional plan of the same on the line D D of Fig. VII.
In the drawings similar parts are indicated by the same reference figures, and in
the case of sections the direction in which they are viewed is indicated by the
"small arrows placed adjacent to the letters denoting the plane of section.
1. Referring to Figs. I. and II., 1 and 3 are the pipes between which the fluid-
tight joint is to be made, the pipe 3 being provided with a nipple 2 for this
"purpose. This nipple has a dove-tailed groove or trough 5 formed as herein-
after described in the face thereof; the said groove and the face of the nipple
are tinned and the ring or washer 6 of tin or other suitable yielding metal is
cast thereto, this ring or washer 6 is faced and has one or more concentric vee
grooves 7 formed in the face, the usual number and section being as shown.
The pipe 1 has a union 8 attached to it by brazing or by screwing and brazing,
the union has a flange 9 and concentric vee grooves are formed in the face which
interlock with those in the face of the washer 6. 'The nipple 2 is screwed and a
union nut 10 screws thereon, the union nut has an internal flange 11 which engages
with the flange 9 and draws the joint tight.
In Figs. III. and IV. the joint is made between the pipe 1 and the diaphragm
plate 4; in this case the union 8 differs from the union 8 inasmuch as it has a
stem 12 which passes through a hole in the diaphragm plate 4, the part which
projects through being screwed; the ring or washer 6 is secured to the boss 13 of
1, the diaphragm 4 in the manner already described and the vee. grooves are
formed on the flange 9 and are caused to interlock with those of the ring 6 by
.' the nut 10'.
'
"
Fig. V. shows the groove 5 as formed in the first instance with parallel walls, and
Fig. VII. shows the tool used to 'burr' or 'spin' the walls towards each other
to make the groove' dove-tailed; in each case the dotted lines show finished
--diameters.
In Figs. VII. and VIII. our invention is shown applied to joints where the
abutting surfaces are conical; in this case the vee grooves are dispensed with,
the washer 6 being interposed between the surfaces and attached to one of them
..in the manner already described.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is,―
•
1. In fluid-tight joints or couplings for pipes and the like, the combination
with the surfaces which would otherwise abut, of an interposed washer of tin
or other suitable yielding metal, the said washer being secured to one of the said
surfaces by being cast into a groove therein, substantially as described.
2. In fluid-tight joints or couplings for pipes and the like, the combination with
the surfaces which would otherwise abut of an interposed washer of tin or other
suitable yielding metal, the said washer being secured to one of the said surfaces by
being cast into a dove-tailed groove therein, substantially as described.
3. In fluid-tight joints or couplings for pipes and the like, the combination with
the surfaces which would otherwise abut, of an interposed washer of tin or other
suitable yielding metal, the said washer being secured to one of the said surfaces
by being cast into a groove therein, and having on its face one or more concentric
vee grooves, the other abutting surface being similarly grooved to interlock with
said grooved washer face, substantially as described.
4. The improved fluid-tight joint or coupling substantially as described and
illustrated in Figs. I. and II.
5. The improved fluid-tight joint or coupling substantially as described and
illustrated in Figs. III. and IV.
6. The improved fluid-tight joint or coupling substantially as described and
illustrated in Figs. VII. and VIII.
Dated this 20th day of January 1891
SLOAN & LLOYD BARNES,
Castle Chambers, Castle Street, Liverpool, Agents for the Applicants.