A LIXIVIUM OR SOAP WHICH WASHES LINNEN, COTTON, WOOLLEN, OR SILK WITH SOFT, HARD, OR SALT WATER AS EFFECTUALLY AS COMMON SOAP WITH SOFT WATER; AND ALSO OF A STOW, WHICH MAY BE PORTABLE OR FIXED, FOR GIVING WARMTH TO ROOMS, CHURCHES, OR CLOSE CARRIAGES
Year: 1770

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME I, DAVID
RIZ, late of the Island of Jamaica, but now of the City of London, Gentleman,
send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Maty King George the Third did, by
Tetters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date the
Twenty-eighth day of April, in the tenth year of His reign, give and grant
unto me, the said David Riz, His especial licence that I, the said David Riz,
during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might use,.
exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-
Tweed, and also in all His Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, my
Inventions of "A LIXIVIUM OR SOAP WHICH WASHES LINNEN, COTTON, WOOLLEN,
OR SILK WITH SOFT, HARD, OR SALT WATER AS EFFECTUALLY AS COMMON SOAP
WITH SOFT WATER; AND ALSO OF A STOW, WHICH MAY BE PORTABLE OR FIXED,
FOR GIVING WARMTH TO ROOMS, CHURCHES, OR CLOSE CARRIAGES;" in which said
Letters Patent there is contained a provisoe, obliging me, the said David Riz,
under my hand and scal, to cause a particular description of the nature of
my said Inventions, and how the same are to be performed, to be inrolled in
His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within four calendar months after
the date of the said recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same (relation
being thereunto had) may more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said provisoe, I, the said
David Riz, do hereby declare that my said Invention of a lixivium or soap
which washes linnen, cotton, woollen, or silk with soft, hard, or salt water
s effectually as common soap with soft water, is described in the manner
ollowing (that is to say):-

page_text: Take the bark of the fresh gathered lignum vitæ, or gwiacum roots, or the
fresh gathered seeds or leaves, or a mixture of any or all of them, and make
so strong a decoction that the glass bubble of a common hydrastatick ballance
may be two pennyweight lighter than it would be in the samo sort of water used
for the decoction; let the proportion then be as follows:-To a pint of the
above decoction, strained, add half a pound, by little and little, of any common
soap, sliced very thin, or the solution of it, in boiling water, then add to them
half a pint of spirit of urine; keep stirring the whole until it be perfectly
mixed, then set it to boil over a slow fire till it comes to a proper consistance;
then cast it into moulds and let it cool, and when hardened divide it at
pleasure. N.B.-To add the said decoction and spirit of urine to the articles
which compose common soap produces the same effect. In the same manner the
bastard lignum vitæ tree, or sarcumphalus, described by Brown, in his Natural
History of Jamaica, page 179, will afford a soap of the same virtues nearly;
or the bastard lignum vitæ of the Red Hills or Palygala, described by the same,
page 287, joyned with soap, as above; or the soap tree, or sapindus, described
by the same, page 206 and 207, joyned with soap, as above; or the inspisated
juice of the caratoe, or agave tree, or aloo Americana, described by the same,
page 199, joyned with soap, as above; or the licca or nicca tree, or sapindus,
described by the same, page 207, joyned with soap, as above; or the cocoon or
antidote, or gega lobium, described by the same, page 362, joyned with soap, as
above; or the different kinds of prickly pears and dildoes, or opuntia, described
by the same, page 237 & 238, joyned with soap, as above; or the different
kinds of ocro, or hibiscus, described by the same, page 285, joyned with soup,
as above; or the addition of all kinds of animal galls, or milks, or any part or
extract from them or either of them, added to soap, or to the ingredients which
compose soap, or to any or either of the foregoing articles, as above; or urine,
or its spirits or salts, or the spirits or salts from all animal substances, joyned to
soap; or any of the above articles, as above, or every vegetable fermentation, or
à fermentive quality communicated to any substance, added to soap; or any of
the above articles, as above, or any composition made from any or either of
the above articles, added to soap or the articles which compose soap.
And that my other Invention of a stow, which may be portable or fixed, for
giving warmth to rooms, churches, or closed-carriages, is described in the plan
thereof, with references thereto, hereunto annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said David Riz, have hereunto set my hand and
seal. the Ninth day of August, One thousand seven hundred and seventy.
DA. RIZ. (L.S.)

page_text: EXPLANATION OF THE ABOVE PLAN REFERRED TO.
Fig. 1 is a general view of the machine with all its parts together.
Fig. 2 is a part of tongs, made scissors-like; the finger bows g, g, can open
just so wide as to take in the hooks 7, 7 on the top of the stove at 10, the
5 joint of the tongs, which opins in such a manner as a hand can conveniently
gripe, and so becomes a bail or handle to remove the stove with. A fixed
handle would be so heated when there is 'fire in it that it could not be touched.
Fig. 8 is a small two-leaf skreen, standing upon four feet, to be placed at
the back of the stove, when it is put in a corner of a room, or on a table, to
) save the wainscot from blistering by the heat flowing from it; each leaf.is
composed of two thin plates of iron and brass, or any other mettal, with a
rim, to keep them about an inch assunder, with a number of holes that the
air may pass freely between the plates; on the top rim are two handles
fixed opposite to each other, that when the skreen is shut it may be easily
removed

page_text: and permit or prevent the air passing through the machine, and which
answers two purposes: one is, when the machine is to be removed the
cerculation of heated air may not be offensive to the person that carrys it;
and the other, when the fire is to be put out the current of air may be
stopt. 6, 6, are part of the clasps that unites the under and upper part of the
machine together, of which the machine is furnished with three of them, that
it may be the more secure.
Fig. 7 & 8 are the hooks and knobs, which are already sufficiently
described; they are made larger than the proportion require, that their parts
may be the more conspicuous.
Fig. 9 is the barrel which is to contain the fire, composed of thin iron
plate; it is about twelve inches highe, the upper part about ten inches wide, the
lower part about eight inches; this barrel goes within the case, Fig. 6, and
on which are fixed the following parts, viz:-18 is a double-plated partition,
and an ash gutter to receive a double-rimed-cover, which prevents any the
least fume or ill smell from the coals to transpire; this parfifion devides the
barrel into two parts; the upper division I call the chamber, the under part
the fire-place. 14, 14, 14, 14, are four funnels or fleus, that regulates the
degrees of fire; the tops of the fleus opens in the chamber, or upper part of
the barrel, where they are furnished with four registers, as 12, 12, 12, 12,
that serve to open or shut them as there is occasion. 17 is a grate; 10, 10,
are two strong screws, with shoulders rivited to the barrel, which, passing
through the hooks, Fig. 7, when fixed to the outward case of the machine,
Fig. 6, firmly connect the barrel & the case together by means of their nuts;
when they are thus connected, the rim of the barrel going up close to the top
of the outward case, Fig. 6, devides the two range of holes there; one range
will be over the inside of the barrel to give vent to the four funnels 14, 14,
14, 14, and the other range lays over the vacant space between the barrel and
the case to give vent to the air there, so that when the machine is together,
and there is fire in the barrel, the air between the case and the barrel being
heated, rarefies and escapes out of the holes at top, and a succession of fresh air
enters from the bottom (as will be explained hereafter, which by being heated
is again let out, and so by this continual circulation all the air in the room the
stove is in is gradually warmed, and when it is so, as many of the registers
12, 12, 12, 12, as are requisite may be let down; this being attended to keeps
the same degree of heat continually, besides a saving of fuel. 11, 11, 11, 11,
are four screws to fasten it to its bottom.
Fig. 10 is the barrel, made wider at top than at bottom, to give as much
room as possible for an opening in the mouth of the outward case, Fig. 6, that

page_text: a tea kittle, &c. may stand. 15, 15, 15, 15, are four holes to give vent to
the fleus; they are made about 1 inches froin the top, and are about an inch
diameter, and placed at equal distances; 18, 18, 18, 18, are four times nine
holes, about inch diameter each, sot pritty close in a square form directly
under those for the tops of the funnels; these are the mouths of the fleus.
Fig. 11 & 12 are the two parts composing the double-plated partition that
devides the barrel. In Fig. 12 the edge of the plate is slitt'd and turn'd
down, to rivit it by, to the sides of the barrel, as at 18. 21 is a neck formed
out of the same plate, about half an inch high, and leaves an opening about
five inches diameter. Fig. 11 is another plate, very thin; the outward rim is
turned up in an angle of about 45 degrees, and fits pretty closely the part of
the barrel it is intended for; the inward rim turns up, as Fig. 12, leaving
an opening of about 6 inches diameter. Now, when the plate, Fig. 11,
is placed upon Fig. 12, there is a vacancy or gutter of half an inch wide
between the mouths of the two plates, and another in the outward rim
23, 23, as are shewn by the section, Fig. 13, whose numbers corresponds with
Fig. 11 & 12. Now, because no disagreeable fume from the coals may have
any vent thro' this partition, at 23, 28; is fill'd with loam or cement; the
plate, Fig. 11, being screwed to plate, Fig. 12, at 22, 22, 22, 22, the loam
will be always kept in and preserved, and will prevent any air passing between
the barrel and the partition; then let the vacancy or gutter formed between
the mouths of the two plates 20 & 21 always be filled with sand or ashes.
Fig. 14 is the double-rimed cover; the outward rim is made to fit in the
gutter, and which, being thrusted in the sand or ashes, secures that part also
from any air passing it; the other rim goes within the mouth of the partition,
and is to be filled with loam to absorb the fumes as it rises. N.B.-Through
this mouth is the coals conveyed in the fire-place, so that this cover is occa-
sionally taken off and on.
Fig. 15 is one of the funnels or fleus, which is made from an iron plate,
beated and bent hollow, forming all the way an half round, about twice.or
three times wider at bottom than at top, and with an edge turned out all the
way round it to rivit it by.
Fig. 16 is one of the registers, cut out of a piece of plate iron, of such a
figure and dimention that it may easily be made to cover or uncover the
openings at the top of the fleus; at a it is rivited to the barrel and forms a
joint; at b is a thick piece of iron wire rivited to move it by.
Fig. 17 is a grate, made hollow; the convex part is outward when fixt
to the stow, that the fire may be the more exposed to the air that enters
the machine.

page_text: (I have drawn the under side
or of an inch deep, and
Fig. 18 is the bottom for the barrel, Fig. 9.
upwards to shew the rim 25; this rim is about
about nine inches diameter, to answer a purpose hereafter explained.) In the
middle of this bottom is an opening 26, so large as to expose the whole grate,
and when it is screwed to the barrel with the four screws and nuts 11, 11,
11, 11, passing through the holes 24, 24, 24, 24, it closes the bottom of the
four fleus 14, 14, 14, 14, as is discribed by the dotted lines in this Fig. 18.
In each vacant part between the four fleus are made two holes about 4 of an
inch each, to let in fresh air between the barrel and the case, Fig. 6, that
by a circulation the air in the room may be warmed, as was observed above in the
discription of Fig. 9. In the extreem of this bottom there is a rim formed
with a ledge to receive the outward case, Fig. 6, and when this bottom is
screw'd to the barrel, Fig. 9, and those to the outward case, Fig. 6, as was
discribed above, are to stand upon the feet, Fig. 19, and are clasped at 30,
30, 30, which firmly connects them. These three feet are fixed at equal
distances round the pan 27, 27, whose sides are shelving, and where there is
a number of large holes in one row to let in the air freely, as well to supply
and feed the fire as to let in air through the vacancy between the barrel,
Fig. 9, and the outward case, Fig. 6. In the middle of this pan is another
moveable pan 28, which may properly be called an ash pan, as it receives the
ashes from the grate; in the middle of this ash pan is fitted the key 29, 29, by
which it is raised or lowered, and so let in or exclude the air going to the fire, and
is a secure way of puting it out; this pan and key is more particularly discribed
in the section, Fig. 20, where the numbers corresponding with those of Fig.
19 may be reflered to; round the rim of the ash pan 28 runs a little gutter
an inch wide and an inch deep (which may be filled with ashes or sand for
safty); when this ash pan is shoved up, the little rim 25, discribed in Fig. 18,
gets in the middle of this gutter, and so totally exclude the air getting to the
fire; and when the moveable cover, Fig. 5, is turned, so as to stop the holes
at top, no air can transpire, the fire must of course be perfectly secured and
must soon go out. 29 is the key which passes thro' the pan 27, and between the
two nuts, a, b, the ash pan is fixed; c is a little shoulder to prevent its running
up too high; d'is a ring, which affords a little leaver to take hold when it is to
be keyed or unkeyed; e, e, are the two flaps of the key, which, passing through
the key-hole g in the triangular pedistal, Fig. 21, is staid or let down, carry-
ing with it the ash pan; fis the knob to hinder its slips out.
Fig. 21 is a ventilator to let out the heated & foul air from the room the
stove is in, & which also lets in fresh air at same time.
Fig. 22 is a triangular pedistal, composed of two thin metalick plates; in the

page_text: middle is the scutcheon for the key; at the corners are riveted the three feet of
the stand, Fig. 19; to the under plate are rivited three casters;
the upper and
lower plate are about an inch from each other; in the sides are made holes,
that a free accession of air may pass to keep the under plate cool, which being
so, the whole may with safty stand upon a table. This stove should be
kindled under a chimney; a few kindled charcoal is put in the fire-place, and
others added by little and little untill it is quite filled (the cover in the partition
being left open), they will be soon in a glow; when all the fume and ill smell is
evaporated and burnt away, thrust the double-rimed cover in the ash gutter in
the partition, then all the coals but those in the mouth of the funnels or fleus
will naturally die away, not having vent, and as those at bottom burns away
those at top naturally falls in their place. N.B.-The capacity of the fire-
place should be so large as to contain a quantity of coals sufficient to last all
the day, and that is regulated chiefly by the largeness of the openings at the
mouths of the flous, that no fresh supply may be wanted in that time, which,
if it should be, the machine must be carried out and the disagreable fume
burnt away, as at the first.
Fig. 23. If a stove on these principles is wanted to be fixed, it may be put
so high in a room (taken care it is sufficiently distant from the cealing) that a
person may walk under it, and must differ from those discribed above in the
following parts, viz, they will want no feet nor pedistal; the cover a at
top must be double-rimed, and go into an ash gutter fitted to the top rim
of the barrel, in the same manner as was discribed for the partition that
devides it; at the top there is but one range of holes, and those must be over
the vacant space, between the barrel and the outward case, there being then no
other vent in the chamber but that through b, b, b, the funnel, where one of its
ends is fitted (the other passing through a wall or window into the street, or
may be fitted to a common chimney,) there will pass the smoak and dis-
agreable fume of the coals. f is a round valve in the funnel, and which, when
put upright, fills its whole internal diameter; e, the handle of the valve;
according, then, as the valve is made to stand in the funnel so will the draft of
air be, and of course regulate the degrees of heat. In every other part this
fixt stove is like the moveable one before discribed. It then follows that the
warmth acquired in a room by one of these fixt stoves is owing to the cercula-
tion of the air passing the barrel and the outward case. c, c, are two strong
plates fasten'd to the outward case of the machine, and to be screwed at d, d, to
the wall or wainscote. With these fixt stoves (having the advantage of a
pipe or funnel to carry away the smoak and fume) every kind of fuel may be
used, & the ventilator will keep always the same heat.

page_text: Fig. 24. The stoves intended to warm close carriages, or to give warmth
to a sick person within the curtains of his bed, differ from either of those above
described, as they must be very handy, and the degree of heat they afford under
great regulation. a, a, the outward case, about six inches high and about six
inches wide; b, the cover; c, a false or sliding cover, with knobs to move it by;
d is a barrel within the outward case, with a purtition and double-rimed* cover
at e, air-tight, all which are already discribed. (N.B.-There is no occasion
for the top of the barrel d going so high up as to touch the top part of the out-
ward case.) ff, are two spiral fleus, like the worms used for distilling, made of
copper or brass, one end of which is fixed to the bottom of the barrel, and the
other end at top, above the cover e. (These fleus are made of this figure because
they will be the more in contact with the air in the vacant space between the
barrel and the outward case.) g is a large copper or brass lamp, that may con-
tain about a pint, and which, when wants supplying must be quite filled either
with spirits of wine or oil; as a little heat will rarefy the air within, and make
them overflow in the spouts, in this case it may be made to open at bottom
ath to supply it with oil or spirits. i, i, are the spouts of the lamps, to stand
directly opposite the mouths of the fleus f, f; the air to supply the lights of
the lamps comes in from the bottom at k, k. 1 is a joint that connects the upper
case a, a, with the under part k, k, which, with the two clasps m, m, fästens the
whole together; those stoves intended for carriages must hang upon springs, to
yield and give way to their motion, and to go in the socket of a sconce to hang
on either door, which will turn out of the way sufficiently when opined; those
for beds need nothing more than a jointed sconce, as n, fitted to one of the
posts, that it may turn out of the bed when it wants to be supplied. The
lamps being lit, the air supplying the flame haveing no other vent but through
the spiral fleus, heats them, and which being so, warms the air between the
barrel and the case, and, mixing with that passing the flame, escapes at the
top, and a cerculation commenced, as was before observed; with the moveable
cover c, the degree of heat may be regulated at pleasure, as the openings at
'top are the only vent holes it has. These stoves for carriages, &c. may be
made to be used either with boiling water, charcoal, or with heaters, as well as
with lamps, separate or together.
N.B. The stoves and ventilator, by preserving the principles they opperate
with, may be varried at pleasure in their outward figure and shape; and as
to their internal construction, that also may be altered to produce the same
effect. In the stoves, the number of their funnels or fleus may be from one
to any number, as also in the placing them, which may be within the fire-place
or barrel as well as on the outside, or even on the outside of the machine,

page_text: and be either fix'd to the sides or detached from it, or, in their stead, substitute
an intire barrel to go round that which contains the fire, or one to stand
within it, with proper vents and openings to answer that purpose. And also
in that part of the stove which is to cause a cerculation of the adjoining air,
as was observed before, was accomplished by means of an outward case or
covering to the barrel or fire-place, all which may be done by the means of
air vessels or pipes of different figures and constructions placed either within
or on the outside of the machine, or by additional outward cases, covering
the fire-place. I do hereby declare that I shall, as I find occasion, to the
intent and purpose of giving warmth to the rooms, churches, and close
carriages, &c", make use from time to time of all the above-discribed
machines during the time granted me, my heirs and assigns, by His Majesty's
most gracious Letters Patent given, the same as part of the Specification
required in the provisoe in the said Patent.
b
N.B. The ventilator is composed of 2 valves a & b; on a horizontal
partition, opening contrary ways, and fitted on a ballance and beam, 6 is
exposed to the warm air in the room, a is skreen'd from it by the partition
c, c, c; when the air is heated to the degree adjusted, it opens 6 and lets itself
out, pressing open a at the same time, and lits in fresh air thru a and d.
e is the little dish that contains the weights that adjusts the ventilator to the
degrees of heat wanted. The valves may be of any number, and may hang
on beams to open one way, if they are properly connected and adjusted; or
other valves to hang in the same manner may be made with perforated
cylinders, to work in fluids contained in the sides of other cylinders, made
hollow for that purpose.
AND BE IT REMEMBRED, that on the same Ninth day of August, in
the year abovesaid, the aforesaid David Riz came before our said Lord the
King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification of his Inventions
aforesaid and all and every thing therein contained. in form above written.