IMPROVEMENTS IN INJECTORS FOR RAISING AND FORCING LIQUIDS
Year: 1883

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LETTERS PATENT to Robert Grundy Brooke, and Thomas Henry White,
both of the City of Manchester, in the county of Lancaster, Engineers, for
an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN INJECTORS FOR RAISING AND FORCING
LIQUIDS"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Grundy Brooke
and Thomas Henry White at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on
the 17th September 1883.
ROBERT GRUNDY BROOKE, and THOMAS HENRY WHITE both of the City of
Manchester in the County of Lancaster, Engineers, "IMPROVEMENTS IN INJECTORS
FOR RAISING AND FORCING LIQUIDS,"
The principal object of our invention is an improved arrangement or improved
arrangements for causing an injector to draw or lift the water which it is to force
or propel more perfectly than hitherto, and our invention consists in a certain
combination or in certain combinations of parts.
According to one modification we introduce what we term a "lifting tube" or
nozzle between the steam nozzle and the combining nozzle proper, this lifting tube
is or may be made with a parallel bore, but parallel by preference, and the
combining cone is arranged in the casing of the Injector axially with the lifting
tube, and so as to be movable in the line of the axes of the nozzles, to and from
the lifting tube.
When the Injector is at work after the water has been lifted, the end of the
combining cone or nozzle is close against the end, and forms a junction with the
lifting tube but when the water is to be lifted or drawn to the injector to start it
to work, the combining cone is moved away from the lifting tube so that sufficient
space is left for the steam and liquid to escape more readily between the end of the
Lifting tube and the end and exterior of the combining tube and the interior of the
casing of the injector, this annular space forming or may form part of, or be
connected with the ordinary overflow chamber for the ordinary overflow orifice-
When the water has been lifted to start the injector the combining cone is moved
back to close the space between its end and that of the lifting tube.
The combining cone is moved by an excentric or by other suitable mechanism.

page_text: The combining and discharging or receiving cones may be formed in one piece or
attached to each other, and moved together as above explained.
Or the combining cone is or may be fixed and the "lifting tube" arranged to be
moved to and from it.
By another modification the combining cones are or may be arranged with, or
so as to form a piston working in a chamber in the casing of the injector into which
chamber the fluid delivered by the injector can enter, so that when the pressure is
sufficient (as when the injector begins to work properly), it will act upon the
piston to move the combining cone, and close the opening for overflow between its
end and the end of the lifting tube.
By another modification we arrange the combining cone in a fixed position in
relation to the lifting tube.
According to another modification we introduce a second tube in the lifting tube
when the temperature of the water is too high to allow of a sufficient vacuum
being formed with one tube only.
A further modification consists in arranging one or more openings or outlets
between the said lifting tube, and the combining cone, each of which openings is
closed by a suitable valve opening outwards to allow the steam and water to pass
away when the injector is starting to work, and close automatically when the
injector has started, by the partial vacuum formed in the combining cone, thus
causing the injector to work entirely selfacting.
Our invention also consists in arranging the steam nozzle of injectors so as to
be movable in the casing of the injector in the line of its axis by a pinion and
rack, excentric or other suitable means, and in combining such movable steam
nozzle with the other modifications herein before referred to.
Our improved injectors can be used either as lifters or non-lifters as desired.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Robert Grundy Brooke and Thomas Henry White in the Patent Office
on the 17th March 1884.
ROBERT GRUNDY BROOKE and THOMAS HENRY WHITE both of the City of
Manchester in the County of Lancaster Engineers IMPROVEMENTS IN INJECTORS
FOR RAISING AND FORCING LIQUIDS
Our invention relates to improvements in injectors for raising and forcing liquids
and consists in arrangements whereby we are enabled to cause such injectors to
draw or lift liquids which they afterwards force or propel with greater certainty of
action than has hitherto been the case The first part of our invention is illustrated
by Fig 1 of the drawings hereunto annexed At a is the casing or framework of
an injector At b is a jet or nozzle through which steam for working the injector
issues from a pipe screwing upon the threads c formed upon the casing a Formed
with or inserted into the casing a is a lifting tube d one end of which communicates
with the opening e to which the liquid supply pipe is secured by means of screw
threads formed upon the casing a At g is the combining tube one end of which
is supported by a guide h formed upon the casing a the other end of such combining
tube g being supported by a part i screwing into the casing a. The combining
tube g may be slidden longitudinally within the guide h and part i At j is a
short shaft passing through the casing a one end of the shaft j is provided with
a crank pink passing into a rectangular part k* capable of being slidden between
projections g g formed upon the combining tube g-The shaft jis prevented from
moving longitudinally by means of a collar j* such collar j* being held against the
casing a by means of the gland which screws into the socket * formed upon the
casing a Upon the shaft j is mounted a hand wheel m by which the crank pin k
may be rotated The action of the parts is as follows Upon steam being allowed
to issue from the jet or nozzle b it will pass through the lifting tube a and produce
a partial vacuum within the chamber n surrounding the steam jet or nozzle b
which partial vacuum will cause liquid to be drawn into the chamber n from which
the steam and liquid will be carried forward in the direction of the arrow A
through the lifting tube d Until the jet of steam and liquid issuing from the
lifting tube d attains a certain velocity such jet of steam and liquid will not pass
through the delivery cone into the boiler or other vessel but will pass into the
space o surrounding the lifting and combining tubes d. g. and will escape by the
opening p-When the jet of steam and water passes through the combining tube g
the attendant turns the crank pin k by means of the band wheel m and thereby
advances the combining tube g until the end g* thereof is placed in contact with
the end d✶ of the lifting tube & when the lifting tube d and the combining tube g
act as though they were one continuous tube thus ensuring the proper working of
the injector by preventing an indraught of air or vapour from the space o which
indraught would otherwise be caused by the vacuum caused by the jet of steam
and liquid issuing from the lifting tube-The combining tube g is provided with
the usual overflow q by which any air or vapour carried forward by the liquid
passing through the combining tube g may escape into the chamber o―The steam
jet or nozzle b may either be fixed immoveably within the casing a or may be made
so as to be capable of being slidden longitudinally within the casing a by means
of the hand wheel and pinion s the teeth of which pinion take into those of a
racks formed upon the steam jet or nozzle b. In the drawing the conical portions
of the combining tube g and the discharge or delivery g³ are shown as being formed
in one piece.

page_text: A further modification of our invention consists in arrangements by which we
form an injector in which the opening or space between the end of the lifting tube
and the entrance to the combining tube is automatically closed when the jet of
steam and liquid issuing from the lifting tube passes through the combining tube
This part of our invention is illustrated by Fig: 2 of the drawings in which tis
the casing of the injector to one end of which casing t is secured the steam nozzle
or jet Through one side of the casing t is formed the liquid inlet v which
communicates with the supply of liquid by means of the pipe * Formed within
the casing t is the lifting tube winto which the steam nozzle u projects. Within
the casing t is the combining tube x and delivery tube x* formed in one piece
which for convenience of description we shall call the combining tube x.
The
combining tube x is supported by the part t* formed within the casing t and such
combining tube x has formed upon it an enlarged part ** which is supported by a
projecting part t** formed within the casing t the part t* and the part t** serving
as guides within which the combining tube x may be slidden longitudinally-To
the end of the casing t is secured a socket y to which is secured the pipe 2
leading to the steam boiler or other vessel to which liquid is to be supplied
Within the casing t is a spiral spring 1 one end of which abuts against the part t*
while the other end of such spring 1 presses against the enlarged part ** of the
combining tube x-The spring 1 tends to move the combining tube x in a direction
opposite to that of the arrow B the movement of the combining tube x in such
direction being limited by the socket y the end y* of which acts as an abutment
to the combining tube x-Upon steam being allowed to issue from the steam
nozzle or jet u a partial vacuum will be formed within the chamber vand liquid
will be drawn into the said chamber and will be carried by the steam issuing from
the steam jet or nozzle u through the lifting tube w-The jet of steam and liquid
issuing from the lifting tube w escapes from the chamber 3 surrounding the
opposed ends of the lifting tube w and combining tube x until such-jet of steam
and liquid issues from the lifting tube w with sufficient velocity to cause such jet
of steam and liquid to enter the combining tube x when the steam and liquid will
pass along the combining tube x and through the pipe z to the steam boiler or
other vessel to which liquid is to be supplied-As soon as the steam and liquid
passes along the pipe the pressure of such steam and liquid acting upon the
end surface of the combining tube x will move the said combining tube in
the direction of the arrow B so as to compress the spring 1-The combining
tube x will then be forced in the direction of the arrow B until the end ¹ of such
combining tube x arrives in contact with the end w¹ of the lifting tube w where-
upon the lifting and combining tubes w. a act as though they were one tube-
The combining tube is provided with the usual overflow opening for the
purpose of permitting the escape of any air or vapour carried by the liquid
passing along such combining tube x-If from any cause the supply of steam or
liquid to the injector becomes interrupted and the pressure of the liquid in the
pipe decreases beyond a certain point the spring 1 will expand and force the
combining tube in a direction opposite to that of the arrow B until such
combining tube x is again placed in the position shown in the drawing but upon
liquid again passing along the combining tube x and pipe the pressure of the
liquid passing along the pipe will again move the combining tube x aforesaid
in the direction of the arrow B until the end ¹ of such combining tube x
arrives in contact with the end w¹ of the lifting tube w thus causing the
injector to be automatic so far as regards restarting-A further modification
of our invention, shown by Fig: 3 consists in an arrangement of injector
in which we provide one or more outlets or openings between the lifting and
combining tubes which openings we close by means of valves when liquid is
passing through the combining tube to the steam boiler or other vessel to which
liquid is being supplied At 4 is the casing of the injector within which is
the steam nozzle or jet 5, the lifting tube 6 and combining tube 7-The
liquid supply opening is at 8-Secured to the casing 4 and surrounding the

page_text: opposed ends of the lifting tube 6 and combining tube 7 is a collar 9 through which
any desired number of openings 10 are formed, two only of such openings 10 being
shown in the drawing-Each of the openings 10 is provided with a ball valve 11-
The casing 4 is provided with openings through which the balls 11 are inserted one
ball 11 through each opening, each of such openings being closed by means of a
plug 12 The plugs 12 are each provided with a hollow 12* which serves to direct.
one ball 11 to one of the openings 10 upon which such balls 11 at times rest-
When steam is allowed to issue from the nozzle or jet 5 a partial vacuum will be
formed within the chamber D and liquid will be drawn into such chamber D and
will be carried through the lifting tube 6 and for a time the steam and liquid will
force the balls 11 away from the openings 10 and will escape by the opening 13
formed through the casing 4.-When the steam and liquid issue from the lifting
tube 6 with sufficient velocity to pass along the combining tube 7 a partial vacuum
will be formed between the opposed ends of the lifting and combining tubes 6. 7.
whereupon the balls 11 will be drawn against the openings 10 so as to close them
After the openings 10 are closed by the balls 11 the lifting tube 6 and combining
tube 7 will act as though they were one tube-If the supply of liquid or steam to
the injector be interrupted from any cause and the liquid ceases to pass along the
combining tube 7 the balls 11 will be forced from the openings 10 when the liquid
and steam will again be allowed to escape through such openings 10 until the liquid
and steam again pass along the combining tube 7 when the balls 11 will be again
drawn to and close the openings 10 thus causing the injector to be automatic so
far as regards restarting-In cases where a more perfect vacuum is required in
injectors to enable them to raise liquid from an increased depth the length of the
lifting tubes of such injectors requires to be proportioned to the depth from which
the liquid is to be raised an increased amount of lift requiring the lifting tube to
be of increased length. If the length of the lifting tube aforesaid be increased
beyond a certain limit such increased length of the lifting tube interferes with the
action of the injector and the next modification of our invention consists in an
arrangement by which we are enabled to employ a long lifting tube to enable the
injector to raise liquid from a considerable depth and after such liquid has been
raised to reduce the distance between the end of the steam nozzle or jet and the
entrance to the combining nozzle. Fig 4 shows so much of an injector as is required
to illustrate this modification of our invention At 14 is the steam nozzle or jet,
at 15 is the lifting tube shown as being of considerable length from E to F, and
at 16 is the combining tube Upon the injector being put into action the combining
tube 16 is withdrawn from the lifting tube 15 so as to leave a space between the
end 15* of the lifting tube 15 and the entrance 16* to the combining tube 16 so
as to allow the steam and liquid a free exit and thus cause a vacuum in the liquid
chamber G by which vacuum the liquid is raised to the injector When the liquid
arrives within the chamber G it will be carried by the steam issuing from the
nozzle 14 through the lifting tube 15 until the steam and liquid attain a sufficient
velocity to cause such steam and liquid to pass through the combining tube 16 and
into the boiler or other vessel to which liquid is to be supplied when such
combining tube 16 is slidden within the lifting tube 15. The combining tube 16
may be slidden longitudinally by means of a rack and pinion, eccentric or other
suitable means or may be caused to slide automatically by means of the pressure
of the liquid in a manner similar to that described and shown in reference to
Fig 2
We would have it understood in reference to all modifications of our invention
herein before described and shown that the axes of the steam nozzle or jet, lifting
tube and combining tube must always be in one and the same straight line when
the injectors are arranged for use.
By the above described arrangements we prevent the vacuum formed by the jet
of steam and liquid between the exit end of the lifting tube and the entrance to
the combining tube from drawing in any air or vapour which such vacuum would
would otherwise do if a space or opening or openings were left between the opposed

page_text: ends of the lifting and combining tubes Such drawing in of air or vapour would
interfere with the perfect action of the injector.
We have herein before referred to the lifting and combining tubes of the injector
as at times performing separate functions, but when such injector is supplying liquid
to a steam boiler or other vessel the lifting and combining tubes operate as a
combining tube only
We are aware that the separation or division of the combining tube ordinarily
used in injectors so that one portion of such combining tube serves at times as a
lifting tube is not new and we therefore make no claim for the separation or
division of the combining tube aforesaid
Having thus described and ascertained the nature of our said invention and the
manner in which the same is to be performed we desire it to be understood that we
claim as secured to us under the above in part recited Letters Patent.
Firstly In those injectors in which the combining tube is separated or divided
into two or more portions one of which serves at times as a lifting tube, the use of
arrangements by means of which the space or opening between the portion of the
combining tube which serves as a lifting tube and the entrance to the remaining
portion or portions of the combining tube is separated from the external air and
from the ordinary overflow opening of the combining tube while the injector is
working substantially in the manner and for the purpose herein before described
and shown in reference to the drawings hereunto annexed
Secondly: The general arrangement and construction of apparatus by means of
which arrangement and construction the injector is rendered automatic so far as
regards restarting substantially as herein before described and shewn in reference to
Figs. 2 and 3 of the drawings hereunto annexed
In witness whereof we the said Robert Grundy Brooke and Thomas Henry White
have hereunto set our hands and seals this fifteenth day of March in the year of
our Lord one thousand eight hundred and eighty four.
DADED ODINDY DROOKU
ROBERT GRUNDY BROCKE. (L.S.)
THOMAS HENRY WHITE
(L.S.)