A NEW MODE OF MANUFACTURING; USING, AND APPLYING CERTAIN ARTICLES, BY MEANS OF WHICH MARINERS AND OTHER PERSONS MAY BE SAVED FROM DROWNING
Year: 1812

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY,
CONSTANTINE, JENNINGS, of Marchmont Street, Russell Square, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, sendeth greeting.
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WHEREAS His present Majesty King George the Third, by Letters.
Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great. Britain and
Ireland, bearing date, the Nineteenth day of December now last past,. hath given
and granted unto Jacob Samuel Eschauzier, of Gibraltar, Esquire, and me,,
the said Henry Constantine Jennings, our executors,, administrators, and,
assigns, special licence, full power; sole privilege and authority, to make,
use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-
upon-Tweed, during the,term of years therein expressed; our Invention
of "A NEW MODE OF MANUFACTURING; USING, AND APPLYING CERTAIN ARTICLES,
BY MEANS OF WHICH MARINERS AND OTHER PERSONS MAY BE SAVED FROM
DROWNING;" in which said Letters Patent there is contained a proviso,
obliging us, the said. Jacob Samuel Eschauzier and Henry Constantine,
Jennings, or one of us, to describe and ascertain the inature of our-said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by an instru-
ment in writing under. our, hands and seals; or the hand or seal, of one of
us,, and to cause the same to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of
Chancery within six calendar months, after the date of the said Letters Patent,
as in and: by the same (relation, being thereunto had) will more fully and at
large appear.
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said Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, as
follows, videlicet:-
Take thirteen feet four inches of stout callico, of about two feet eight
inches in breadth, or other manufacture, proper to serve as ticken or
covering for a bed, double it and sew it together across in eleven equal
sections or divisions, thus,
cut a square of
or six each way;
thirty-six inches (cube),
in the middle of this callico thus sewn, then sew up the end and one of
the long sides, leaving middle section open, and also one side for the intro-
duction of the cork, &c., as hereafter directed; sew the square in the middle
on each side; this being done, measure one bushel of cork, more or less,
according to the size of the bed; (if it should be made larger or smaller than
above stated,) the cork thus to be applied to filling or being put into the cover
of the bed is to be prepared in a stone mill, no matter of what dimensions
this mill may be made, so that it possessed the power of tearing or grinding
cork shavings, cuttings, or old corks, or cork cut from the solid bark into pieces
of uneven size not exceeding in magnitude the bigness of peas, nor being less
than saw dust or gunpowder, as if made too small it will sink, and the former
will be too hard to lie upon; the power required for working the mill in which
the cork is to be ground must be regulated by the quantity operated upon at
any one time, so as to render it soft and small, as above mentioned, and
cleansed of bark and dust. The kind of mill necessary for this operation is of
the same description as in common use for grinding peas, beans, &c., with
horizontal stones, which will render the cork sufficiently soft and small, and
when sifted, washed, and dried becomes fit for use, though it will answer the
purpose without being sifted, washed, or dried. The bushel measure of cork,
(or other quantity, according to the size to which the bed may be made,) must
be equally divided into each section of the sewed cover of collico, (or other
material proper for the purpose,) until each section be two-thirds, or better, full;
this done, sew the open parts up, and tack horsehair all over the outside of
this case, in quantity about four or five pounds, equally and smoothly dis-
tributed, though a less quantity may suffice'; after this, slip the case into an
outer case, made of brown holland or bed tick, just as fancy dictates, leaving
the horsehair tacked, as before described, between the two cases, then sew the
end up, (this outer case being previously made as a bag or sack,) cut the hole
of the same dimensions as the one in the outside case out of the middle, and
sew the two parts of the cases together, videlicit, on each of the four sides of

page_text: these holes or round them in whatever form the hole may be made; place.
this on a frame and tuft it in the same manner as beds are done generally in
finishing; make a bag corresponding in shape with the hole in the middle,
above described, and fill it as a cushion with horsehair, flock, or any like
article, and sew it up; to this fasten in the middle an hood, made of any kind
or cloth or linen, over which fasten a tape to tie it under the chin; it must
then be connected to the bed by a tape sewn to one of the sides of the hole,
and when used as a bed the cushion must be put into the hole to fill it up,
rendering the bed. compleat; after this, sew three tapes, or any other similar
strong article, in equal distances from the holes to the sides, or entirely across
the bed, and one on the middle of the bottom of the bed, to pass under the
legs; the three tapes or strings are for the purpose of lashing the bed to the
body, and must be of the necessary length and strength for that purpose; a
small loop of tape, or other article proper, must be sewn on, about breast high,"
to the opposite side and end of the bed to these tapes, to receive the one
attached to the end of the bed, which secures the bed to the body, and renders
the preserver compleat. It is highly important these tapes or strings should
be of sufficient strength to secure the bed permanently on the body, to produce
the desirable effect of the body being, as it were, so united with the bed as to
be as one substance when floating together. The head must be put through
the hole, the stringed side being over the back, with the strings outside; the
hood on to the head and tied under the chin; then lash the ties as taught as
possible, all of which may be accomplished in a very short time.
This is the Inventors' favorite way of making the mattrass, though it must
be evident there are many other modes to be found varying more or less from
this, and no human invention can at once retain the variety of modes that may
be adopted, such as sewing the inside case in more or less number of sections,"
putting on more or less horsehair, or substituting for horsehair flock or other
materials, with pockets, loops, or places for holding provisions, arms, or other
property; or for the outside or inside cases other kinds of thin or strong
linens or callicos, &c. &c.; or by omitting the inside case, and using only a
greater proportion of cork alone, or mixed with horsehair, feathers, down, or
flock, &c. &c,. and then tufted and formed into a bed; as also by making it
with an inside case filled with cork, and sewed horizontally or long ways, or
diagonally, or otherwise varying the disposition of the articles used to produce
the same or nearly the same effect; or without an hood or strings, straps of
leather and buckles, tapes, ropes, or linen tapes, &c.; or, with an inside case
filled with cork alone, and an outside case over it, either with more or less
cork inside. The whole art of rendering the various kinds of beds buoyant

page_text: consists chiefly.in preparing the cork so as to render it soft and small, taking
care that it be not actually powdered, or too small and fine, when it would
sink.;, nor too large, when it would be unfit to-sleep on. It is obvious no, hunian
means can define: any exact. method in doing this, or define every method of
accomplishing.it.
Boats,, covers, or seats may be fitted in stout cases bound round, or plain; to
the size and shape of the boats, seats and thwartes divided into parts, if too
long, or too large, with straps.or strings sewn on to secure them to the body.
In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal, this
Eighteenth day of May; in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and thirteen.