IMPROGEMENTS IN ADDADAMES WOOD
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Broadley, of Saltaire, near Bradford, in the
County of York, Overlooker to Messrs. Titus Salt, Sons, & Co., for the
Invention of "IMPROGEMENTS IN ADDADAMES WOOD
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Broadley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th January 1858.
I, JAMES BROADLEY, of Saltaire, near Bradford, in the County of York
Overlooker to Messrs. Titus Salt, Sons, & Co., do hereby declare the nature-
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS USED IN WEAVING,"
to be as follows:-
The improvements relate, first, to means of operating rotary shuttle boxes,
in order that any shuttle compartment of the series may be brought into
a line with the race of the lay in effecting change of shuttle. Upon one end
of the box is affixed a pair of ratchet wheels or a catch wheel, with which
work a pair of rods, each of which has ratchet teeth, and is capable of causing
the box to rotate, or partially so, one in one direction, the other in the other.
The lower ends of these rods are each attached to a lever, by which they are:
operated, but in such manner as not to be interfered with in the motions
of the lay. These levers are each at their other ends attached to a link, whose
upper end is capable of movement upon another lever operated by a suitable
cam or tappet to give the desired motion to its catch rod; and that the motion
thus given the catch rods for the rotation of the box may be varied or
altogether suspended. Although the levers for actuating such links continue
uniformly to move, each link is capable of being slided on its actuating lever:
For this purpose that end of each link is controlled by another lever or arni,
operated by jacquard or other pattern surface, to place it in the position desired

page_text: and to facilitate the correct action of the levers operating the links; those
levers are provided with recesses or stops capable of adjustment, which
determine the length of leverage exerted. When jacquard cards are employed
to operate on such controlling levers they are, in addition to the ordinary
blanks, provided with studs or projections of different thicknesses to operate
on pins from these levers, and adapted to the amount of motion required to be
imparted to them; or these controlling levers may each be provided with
studs of several lengths, adapted to the amount of motion required, to be
operated by suitable cards.
The jacquard barrel or cylinder is moved to and from the levers it operates,
and rotation thereto is obtained by a click or driver, which may be thrown out
of gear by jacquard or pattern surface, or otherwise when desired; and the
difference in motion to these controlling levers may be obtained by varying the
extent of motion to such jacquard barrel. In place of jacquard other pattern
surface may be employed. The adaptations are applicable to rotary boxes
applied at each end of the loom. In place of catch wheels to the boxes
pinions may be used, with toothed racks on the rods to act thereon.
Also the improvements relate to giving motion to rotary shuttle boxes by an
endless chain or band with studs, passing over that end of the box nearest the
race, and another suitable pulley turning upon a stud projecting from the lay
sword, and upon which is affixed a pinion, to which motion is given by
another pinion, by preference, of double the diameter of the first pinion, and
which receives motion by a catch wheel or catch wheels operated by rods with
catches actuated as before explained.
Also the improvements relate to a mode of using two or more shifting
shuttle boxes, by arranging them in radial lines in a frame capable of turning
upon a centre of motion carried by the race, and operated by jacquard or
pattern surface to bring the required box in a line with the race; and the
peculiarity of this part of the improvements consists in placing the axis
of motion of the shifting boxes at that end of them nearest the centre of the
batten, by which a saving of weft is effected; and when such boxes are used
at each end of the batten, or one of them at one end and a rotary or other
series of boxes at the other, combined with a capability of suspending either of
the picking motions; when required a capability of working pick and pick is
obtained.
Also the improvements relate to means for actuating heddles so as to obtain
change in the character of the weaving being produced, as from plain to tweel
or tweel to satin, &c. For this purpose the heddles are suspended by bands
or chains from rods, which have moveable catches or projections capable of

page_text: being raised by pattern surface, when required, into position, to be acted upon
by a sliding bar or frame to move such rods in either direction, and thereby
effect the desired selection of heddles; and the parts are so arranged that the
selection of the catches by the pattern surface is effected in the middle of
the whole extent of traverse of their rods, when the shed will be closed,
by which a saving in time will be obtained; and the traversing bar is capable
of acting on the catches in either direction, and the two acting or knife edges
which take into the catches are by preference inclined to each other, in order
thereby to open an even shed or to open all the warps to the same angle. The
pattern surface to operate the catches in the sliding rods is brought into
operation by the jacquard or pattern surface operating the shuttle boxes, or it
may be otherwise effected; but by thus combining the operations of the
heddles with those of the rotary boxes great simplicity of working is obtained.
Variations may be made in the details referred to.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Broadley in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
14th July 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
BROADLEY, of Saltaire, near Bradford, in the County of York, Overlooker to
Messrs. Titus Salt, Sons, & Co., send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-first year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said James Broadley, Her special licence that I, the said James
Broadley, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said James Broadley, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS USED IN WEAVING," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said James Broadley, my executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner. the same was to be performed, and cause the

page_text: same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Broadley, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say :-
The improvements relate, first, to means of operating rotary shuttle boxes,
in order that any shuttle compartment of the series may be brought into a
line with the race of the lay in effecting change of shuttle. Upon one end of
the box is affixed a pair of ratchet wheels or a catch wheel, with which work
a pair of rods, each of which has ratchet teeth and is capable of causing the
box to rotate, or partially so, one in one direction, the other in the other.
The lower ends of these rods are each attached to a lever by which they are
operated, but in such manner as not to be interfered with in the motions of
the lay. These levers are each at their other ends attached to a link, whose
upper end is capable of movement upon another lever operated by a suitable
cam or tappet, to give the desired motion to its catch rod; and that the motion
thus given the catch rods for the rotation of the box may be varied or alto-
gether suspended. Although the levers for actuating such links continue
uniformly to move, each link is capable of being slided on its actuating lever.
For this purpose, that end of each link is controlled by another lever or arm
oparated by jacquard or other pattern surface, to place it in the position
ired, and to facilitate the correct action of the levers operating the links;
these levers are provided with recesses or stops capable of adjustment, which
determine the length of leverage exerted. When jacquard cards are employed
to operate such controlling levers, they are in addition to the ordinary blanks
provided with studs or projections of different thicknesses, to operate on pins
from these levers, and adapted to the amount of motion required to be im-
parted to them. Or these controlling levers may each be provided with studs
of several lengths, and adapted to the amount of motion required to be operated
by suitable cards.
The jacquard barrel or cylinder is moved to and from the levers it operates,
and rotation thereto is obtained by a click or driver, which may be thrown out
of gear by jacquard or pattern surface, or otherwise, when desired; and the
difference in motion to these controlling levers may be obtained by varying the
extent of motion to such jacquard barrel. In place of jacquard other pattern
surface may be employed. The adaptations are applicable to rotary boxes
applied at each end of the loom. In place of catch wheels to the boxes,
pinions may be used with toothed racks on the rods to act thereon.

page_text: Secondly, the improvements relate to giving motion to rotary shuttle boxes
by an endless chain or band, with studs passing over that end of the box
nearest the race, and another suitable pulley turning upon a stud projecting
from the lay sword, and upon which is affixed a pinion, to which motion is
given by another pinion, by preference of double the diameter of the first
pinion, and which receives motion by a catch wheel or catch wheels operated
by rods with catches, actuated as before explained.
Thirdly, the improvements relate to a mode of using two or more shifting
shuttle boxes, by arranging them in radial lines in a frame capable of turning
upon a centre of motion, carried by the race and operated by jacquard or
pattern surface, to bring the required box in a line with the race; and the
peculiarity of this part of the improvements consists in placing the axis of motion
of the shifting boxes at that end of them nearest the centre of the batten.
Fourthly, the improvements relate to means for actuating heddles, so as to
obtain change in the character of the weaving being produced, as from plain to
tweel, or tweel to satin, &c. For this purpose, the heddles are suspended by
bands or chains from rods which have moveable catches or projections.
capable of being raised by pattern surface, when required, into position, to be
acted upon by a sliding bar or frame to move such rods in either direction,
and thereby effect the desired selection of heddles; and the parts are so
arranged that the selection of the catches by the pattern surface is effected in
the middle of the whole extent of traverse of their rods, when the shed will be
closed, by which a saving in time will be obtained. And the traversing bar is
capable of acting on the catches in either direction, and the two acting or
knife edges which take into the catches are, by preference, inclined to each
other, in order thereby to open an even shed, or to open all the warps to the
same angle. The pattern surface to operate the catches in the sliding rods is
brought into operation by the jacquard or pattern surface operating the shuttle
boxes, or it may be otherwise effected, but by thus combining the operations
of the heddles with those of the rotary boxes, great simplicity of working is
obtained. Variations may be made in the details referred to.
But that the nature of these my improvements may be more fully under-
stood, I will proceed to describe the accompanying Drawings.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS A,
Figure 1 of which shows an end view, and Figure 2 a portion of a front
view of a loom, with parts thereof arranged according to the first part of the
Figures 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11 of these Drawings show some of the

page_text: :
parts more in detail. ä., is the main framing; b, the main or crank axis ;
and c, the tappet shaft; d is a portion of the 'batten or lay, and d' one of the
swords thereof; and e, a series of rotary shuttle boxes, supported, as is now well
understood, upon the axis d², carried by the framing d³ of the lay or batten.
The series' of 'shuttle boxes e are affixed upon the hollow axis e¹, so as to turn
freely upon the axis d², and upon the hollow axis e¹ is affixed the catch wheel
e², formed by the two side plates (1), (1), and the pins (2), which act as
catches, and are capable of being acted upon by the ratchet teeth f¹ and g of
the rods fand g, só as to cause the catch wheel e³, and consequently the series
of boxes to make partial rotations in one or the other direction according to
which of the levers for g is for the time operated. The rods f and g are
respectively attached at their lower ends to one end of levers h and i, which
turn upon a centre of motion j, carried by the framing a, and at their other
ends these levers h and i are each connected to a link k, formed each to em-
brace one of the forked ends of the lever 1, which turns upon a fixed centre l',
and is actuated by the cam or tappet 12 affixed upon the cam or tappet shaft
C. The upper end of each of the links k is formed with a stem ¹, to slide in
'an eye carried by the lower end of a lever m, by which the links are capable
of being moved to various positions in the lengths of the forked ends of the
lever l, in order that whilst the actuating lever 7 has a uniform motion giveii to
it, the motion imparted to the levers h and i may be varied, to give the
required amount of rotation to the series of boxes. For this purpose, the con-
trolling levers m turn upon a centre of motion m', and they have pins or studs
m² of different lengths, capable of being 'acted upon by the cards passing over
the cylinder n, so as to move the lower ends of these levers m to the required
position over the forked end of the lever l. As these parts are shewn by
Figures 1 and 2, the links 'k' are in position, such that the lever in its motion
will not act upon them.
In Figure 4 I have shewn these links k and parts acting with them sepa-
rately; one of thein is here in position to be lifted by the lever 1, and the
dotted lines in this Figure show the parts in other positions. In place of the
levers m each having several pins m² of different length according to the
extent of motion desired to be given to the box; the pins or studs m³ may be
all of the same length, and there may be rises or projections of different
heights on the cards or pattern surface employed. The jacquard barrel or
cylinder n is supported from the upper end of the lever n', which turns upon
a fixed centre of motion n³, and at its lower end is by the link n³ connected to
the stud n projecting from the face of the pinion n', the teeth of which are
taken into by the teeth of the pinion ne affixed upon the shaft or axis b; by

page_text: which a to-and-fro motion will be imparted to the jacquard cylinder to cause
it to act upon the pins or studs m³ of the levers m. Rotary motion is imparted
to the cylinder n by means of the clawker n', which turns upon the fixed
centre n³, and at its outer end is in position to act upon the pins n' projecting
from a plate affixed to the jacquard cylinder n, to cause it to rotate in its
to-and-fro motion. In place of employing studs of varying lengths to the
lever m or rises of different heights on the jacquard cards or surfaces, the
same effect may be obtained by varying the distance of traverse of the jacquard
cylinder, and this variation in distance of traverse may be effected by causing
the lever n to be operated by a pattern wheel or by other pattern surface.
In place of the catch wheel e ordinary toothed wheels may be employed, when
the upper ends f¹ and g¹ of the rods f and g would be formed with racks in
place of the catches. are stops to the forked ends of the lever l, against
which the upper ends of the link k act, and they are capable of adjustment
in order to regulate the exact amount of leverage exerted; are spring stops
to prevent the links k from being thrown over the forked ends of the lever;
and are stops to prevent their going too far in the opposite direction;
are springs acting with a tendency to bring the upper parts of the links k
towards the axis of motion of the lever 1; is a stop in position to support
those ends of the levers h and i.
The Drawing B shows modifications of the adaptations just referred to,
suited to when rotary shuttle boxes are required at each end of the loom. In
this case there are four forked ends to the lever 1, two of which act as
described in respect of Drawings A, upon links k, whilst the other two act
respectively upon the links o and p, and the link o is at its lower end connected
to the arm affixed to the axis q', which extends across the loom, and at its
other end has affixed upon it an arm to operate a rod g, whilst the link p is
connected to the arm 7 affixed to the hollow axis ¹, which embraces the
axis q', and at the other end has affixed upon it the arm, to the outer end
of which is attached a rod f, by which the series of rotary shuttle boxes at
that end of the loom may also have motion given to them. In this case the
cards or other pattern surface employed will be adapted to operate upon the
extra levers m..
I will now describe the third part of the improvements, which relates to
means of giving motion to rotary shuttle boxes in such manner as to obtain
considerably increased steadiness to them when being caused to make their
partial rotations. This part of the improvements is shown by Drawings C,
Figure 1 of which shews a front view, and Figure 2 an end view, of parts of a
loom with this part of the improvements applied to it. For this purpose I

page_text: employ an endless band or straps of metal or other suitable material per-
forated with holes, so as to take on to projections or studs upon the inner end
of the series of revolving boxes, or that end of them next the lay, or in place
of a band or strap a chain formed of a series of links may be employed. This
endless band or strap also passes over a pulley or wheel t, by which it receives
motion, by that wheel t being affixed to the shaft t, which turns in bearings
carried by the swords of the batten, and upon which is also affixed the pinion t
which is taken into and driven by the pinion 3, which turns upon the
stud t affixed to the bracket to aiding to support the shuttle box. Upon
this pinion is affixed a stud wheel to, which is capable of being acted
upon by the catches or teeth in the upper ends ¹ or u² of the forked
rod u, which is operated in a similar manner to the rods f, g, described
in Drawings A, except that by the arrangement here shown a single rod u
with forked ends is employed to effect the movement of the series of boxes
in either direction in place of the two rods f, g, in the former arrangement,
To prevent repetition of the parts in the present arrangement, which are
similar to those already described in respect of Drawings A, I have simply
marked them with the same letters of reference there used. The rod u moves
freely on its pin joint u³, and it is borne upon by the upper end of the spring
(the lower end of which is attached to the lever h,) with a tendency to
keep the catches of the end u¹ of the fork u in gear with the catch wheel t",
and unless otherwise acted upon the arm u¹of the rod u would continue. to
operate at each movement of the lever h. And in order to bring the other
arm of the rod u into operation, there is affixed upon that arm a stud u³,
in position to be acted upon by the incline v formed on the rod v', the upper
end of which is guided in a projection from the frame d', whilst its lower end
is connected by pin joint to the outer end of the lever ve, which turns upon the
centre of motion j, and at its other end is by the link v connected to 'the
lever v, which is provided with a stud, so as to be operated by the cards or
pattern surface employed; and the parts are so arranged that so long as the
wedge v remains up in the position indicated by these Drawings, the fork u¹
will operate, but when in the operation of the pattern surface employed the
incline plane v is drawn down, it will act upon the stud us to move the arm u¹
out of gear and the arm u² into gear with the wheel to, by which the direction
of motion thereof, and consequently of the series of shuttle boxes, will be
reversed. I have shown a rotary shuttle box or a series of boxes capable of
rotating at each end of the lay, and they are shewn to act simultaneously
by the axis t' being continued across the batten, and having affixed upon it at
its right-hand end, a pulley w, over or partly around which, as also upon the

page_text: inner end of the shuttle box at the right-hand end of the loom, passes the
endless band with perforations to receive studs, and give motion to that
shuttle box in a similar manner to what has already been explained in respect
of that at the left-hand end of the loom; but if desired the shuttle box at one
end of the loom may be of other or of an ordinary character. If it be desired to
give independent motion to the two sets or series of shuttle chambers, this
may be effected by placing the wheels t and w upon separate axles, one of
which may be hollow for the other to pass through it, and applying to each
axle gear such as already explained.
Drawings D show two views of parts of a loom with a modification of the
means which I employ in operating this part of the Invention so as to do
without the pinions t, t, by applying the stud wheel to direct upon the axis t².
The other parts are marked with the same letters of reference employed in
respect of Drawings C.
I will now, by reference to Drawing E, describe the third part of the
Invention. Figure 1 of these Drawings shews a plan, and Figure 2 a front
view, of part of the batten of a loom with this part of the improvements
applied thereto. a is the race of the lay; b, the reed; and c, one of the
swords; d, e, are two shuttle boxes, which are formed in one frame f, and
inclining to each other towards the race, so that by being turned on their
common axis g, carried by the lay, either may be brought into a line with the
race. The change of shuttle may be effected by the jacquard or other pattern
surface acting upon the lever h, which turns upon a centre of motion h¹;
carried by the lay sword or the framing of the lay, and at its upper end
moves in the plate i affixed to the shuttle boxes, or the change may be effected
by other suitable means.
I would state that, although I have only shown two boxes placed radial to
each other, other numbers may be employed. And by thus arranging series
of boxes in radial lines with the axis of motion thereof towards the centre of
the batten, in place of such axis being at that end of the boxes farthest from
the batten, a considerable saving of weft at each change is effected; and when
such boxes are used at each end of the batten, or one of them at one end, and
a rotary or other series of boxes at the other, a capability of working pick and
pick is obtained. When thus working pick and pick, the pickers may, if
desired, be arranged so as to have the motion of either of them suspended
when required.
I will now describe the fourth part of my improvements, which relates to
means for actuating heddles, so as to obtain change in the character of the
weaving being produced. This part of the improvements is shewn, applied at

page_text: Figures 1, 2, and 3 of Drawings C, and by separate views at Figures 4, 5, 6,
7, 8, 9, and 10 of those Drawings. A, A, are the heddles, which are of the
ordinary kind. Each of them is suspended by a pair of cords, or bands, or
chains B from a rod C; and these rods C are supported with a capability of
traversing in the guides D, D, which keep them correctly in position; E, E,
are guide rollers for the bands B, B. There are eight rods C shown, half of
which are capable of being moved to the left and half of them to the right, in
order to raise the heddles A, which they respectively operate. For this purpose
each rod C is provided with a sliding catch C', capable of being raised into
position to be acted upon by the surfaces 1 or 2 of the plate I¹ projecting from
the sliding rod I, which during the working of the loom is caused to have a
to-and-fro motion given to it in the following manner:- -Upon the tappet
shaft c is affixed a crank F, which by means of the connecting rod G gives
motion to the crank lever H, which turns upon the fixed stud H', and is by a
link K connected to the sliding bar I. In the movement of the sliding bar I
past the centre to the left, the surface (1) of the plate I¹ will operate upon
such of the catches C₁ of one set of the rods C as have just been raised into
position to be caught by that surface (1), and the heddles supported by such
rods will be lifted. And in the motion of the bar I past the centre to the
right, such of the catches C¹ of the other set of rods C raised for the time will
be acted upon by the other surface (2) of the plate I' to raise the heddles
supported thereby. The catch C of each rod C is capable of sliding freely in
a slot formed in its rod C, and its lower end rests upon one end of the lever J,
which turns upon a centre of motion J', carried by projections from the rod C,
whilst its other end is weighted, so as to have a tendency always to keep its
catch C¹ borne upwards, except when the weighted end J2 of the lever J is
lifted. And this lifting is effected at the times or in the order desired, by
means of rises or projections L¹ upon the surface of the cylinder or drum L,
which is borne by and with a capability of rotating upon the pin or stud L²;
and upon the cylinder or drum L is affixed a stud wheel L³, the studs of which
are capable of being operated by the catches on the lever M, which turns
upon a pin M', carried by the sliding rod I; the lever M is provided with
several catches, in order that in being brought into contact with the studs of
the wheel L³ it may pull round the cylinder L, a distance equal to one, two,
or more of the rows of projections on its surface. And the lever M is raised
out of position of the pins in the wheel L³, or allowed to fall to the desired
extent, to take on to the required number of the studs in the wheel L³, by
means of the lever N, one end of which is in position to come under the outer
end of the lever M, whilst the other end is by means of the link O connected

page_text: to one end of the lever P, the other end of which is provided with pins, to be
operated by the card or other pattern surfaces employed. Springs may be
applied, if required, to aid the quick action of the parts C¹ and J, and the
parts C and J may be connected by pin joint or otherwise. The heddles are
drawn downwards by india-rubber or other suitable springs attached to the
cords Q, Q.
Having thus described the nature of my said improvements, and the means
I adopt in carrying the same into effect, I would have it understood that I do
not confine myself to the precise details shown and described, as these may be
varied without departing from the peculiarities of my improvements; but what
I do claim is,―
First, the adaptation, combination, and mode of working parts k, l, m, and
o, p, and parts acting therewith, for giving motion to rotary shuttle boxes,
substantially as explained in respect of Drawings A and B.
Secondly, I claim the giving motion to rotary shuttle boxes, by means of an
endless band or chain applied to that end of the box or series of chambers
next the batten, substantially as explained in respect of Drawings C and D.
Also I claim the so arranging and combining parts in connection with rotary
shuttle boxes or series of shuttle chambers, when there is one of such series of
chambers at each end of the loom, that any motion imparted to one of them
may be imparted simultaneously to the other.
Thirdly, I claim the mode of arranging shifting shuttle boxes, substantially
as explained in respect of Drawings E.
Fourthly, I claim the mode of arranging, combining, and operating parts for
working leaves of heddles, substantially as explained in respect of Drawings C,
under the fourth head of the Invention.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Broadley, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twelfth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight.
0
Witness,
S. WILSON,
Saltaire.
JAMES BROADLEY. (L.S.)