IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND ORNAMENTATION OF ANHYDROUS RECTIFIED AND DOUBLE-FACED TOILET SOAPS
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Clark, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Engineer and Patent Agent, for the invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND ORNAMENTATION OF ANHYDROUS RECTIFIED
AND DOUBLE-FACED TOILET SOAPS."-A communication from abroad by
Pierre Bonaventure Mougeot, Doctor of Medicine, of 29, Boulevart St.
or Middlesex, Engineer and Patent Agent, for the inventi
LOVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND ORNAMENTATION OF ANHYDROUS RECTIFIED
AND DOUBLE-FACED TOILET SOAPS."-A communication from abroad by
Pierre Bonaventure Mougeot, Doctor of Medicine, of 29, Boulevart St.
Martin, Paris.
Sealed the 13th August 1867, and dated the 22nd February 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Clark at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd February
1867.
I, WILLIAM CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND ORNAMENTATION OF
ANHYDROUS RECTIFIED AND DOUBLE-FACED TOILET SOAPS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates, 1st, to the preparation of anhydrous soaps; 2ndly,
to ornamenting such soaps; and 3rdly, to combining or superposing two thick.
nesses of soaps of différent natures, colours, or scents in a single cake, which
I term double-faced soap.
Preparation of Anhydrous Soap.-The paste of which the soap is composed
is first formed into strips, which are afterwards perfectly dried in a stove and
reduced to fine powder; this powder is then moistened with alcohol and
sprinkled with any suitable perfume, after which it is subjected to considerable

page_text: pressure so as to form it into blocks; these are cut up in the desired shapes in
the ordinary way, or expressed from a chamber through a die and afterwards
stamped. These anhydrous soaps contain a much larger quantity of soap in
comparison to others, although more soluble, and form a lather easier, while
at the same time they wear out much less quickly, as they do not contain any
water they are not liable to shrink in drying, and retain their form for an
indefinite period, rendering them more especially applicable for the application
of designs or patterns, and for the manufacture of double-faced soaps above
mentioned.
Preparation of Rectified Soaps.-The above-described preliminary complete
desiccation of the soap results in a certain loss of any soda contained in excess,
and is sufficient in some cases to de-alkalize it. However, in the majority of
the best made soaps there still remains too much soda, so that even after
previous desiccation the alkali attacks the epidermis and renders the skin
shiny. In order to deprive it of this excess the same method should be
adopted as for anhydrous soaps, but adding while the materials are being
pounded a sufficient quantity of colophany in fine powder. After five or six
different pounding operations and three twenty-four hours' drying in a stove
all the soda in excess forms with the powdered colophany a resinous soap
which adds greatly to the unctuous lathery qualities of the original compound.
The inlaying
Methods of Ornamenting Toilet Soaps.-The ornamentation may be pro-
duced either by a deep indentation made in the cake of soap with the aid of
a thin metal blade in which is introduced a colored liquid before the soap is
stamped, or by inlaying variously colored perfumed and figured soaps, or by a
combination of these two processes, or, lastly, by the association of variously
colored soaps, which are made to pass through a suitable die.
above referred to is effected thus; a space in made in the cake for the
reception of the pattern by the aid of a punch of any suitable form. The soap
forming the inlayed design, whether of one or various colors, may be in one
piece, a thickness of which is placed above the space for its reception, and the
punch or stamper being caused to enter therein carries with it a portion of
the disc of soap so as to exactly fill the space prepared for it in the surface of
the cake. If, however, it is desired that the soaps to be ornamented should
have inlayed designs of various forms and tints, not permitting of their appli
eation in a single piece from which a disc may be detached to form the design
in this case the inlaying is effected either by hand or machine in the manne
of forming mosaics by fitting together small pieces of different colors con
sisting of fragments stamped out or formed by passing through a suitable di
plate; the whole being thus prepared the soap cake so inlaid is brought unde

page_text: the action of a powerful stamping press; the inlaid pattern may pass quite
through, so that the pattern may be preserved until the cake is completely
used up, and the different scents of the various soaps used in the ornamen-
tation may be recognized as long as there is any of the soap left. This mode
of combining different scents in one cake is of great advantage, as is also that
of uniting soaps of the most opposite kinds, such as sand soap and those of a
particularly oily nature, the most neutral and the least so; this is particularly
so in the case of the soap known by the name of Saint Louis. .
Process for the Manufacture of Combined Soap Tablets.-These soaps are
made in a similar way to the anhydrous soaps before referred to, except that
two layers of different soaps in powder are superposed in the bed of an
hydraulic press, which powders are well moistened with alcohol; considerable
pressure is then brought to bear on the powders so as to produce the union
of the two in a block, which is then cut up into pieces and stamped as before
mentioned,
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Clark in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
21st August 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer and
Patent Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirtieth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
William Clark, Her special licence that I, the said William Clark, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William
Clark, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE AND ORNAMENTATION OF ANHYDROUS RECTIFIED AND DOUBLE-FACED TOILET
SOAPS," a communication to me from abroad by Pierre Bonaventure Mougeot,
Doctor of Medicine, of 29, Boulevart St. Martin, Paris, upon the condition
(amongst others) that .I, the said William Clark, my executors or adminis-

page_text: .trators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
.said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause-
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Clark, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement (that is to say) :-
This Invention relates, first, to the preparation of anhydrous rectified soaps;
secondly, to ornamenting such soaps; and, thirdly, to combining or superposing
two thicknesses of different natures, colors, or scents in a single cake, which I
term double-faced soap.
a
Preparation of Anydrous Soap.-The paste of which the soap is composed
is first formed into strips, which are afterwards perfectly dried in stove and
reduced to fine powder; this powder is then moistened with alcohol, and
sprinkled with any suitable perfume, after which it is subjected to considerable
pressure so as to form it into blocks; these are cut up in the desired shapes in
the ordinary way or expressed from a chamber through a die and afterwards
stamped. These anhydrous soaps contain a much larger quantity of soap in
comparison to others, although more soluble, and form a lather easier, while at
same time they wear out much less quickly. As they do not contain any water
they are not liable to shrink in drying, and retain their form for an indefinite
period, rendering them more especially suitable for the application of designs
or patterns, and for the manufacture of double faced soaps above mentioned.
Preparation of Rectified Soaps.-The above-described preliminary complete
.desiccation of the soap results in a certain loss of, soda contained in excess,
and is sufficient in some cases to disalkalize it. However, in the majority of
the best made soaps there still remains too much soda, so that even after
previous' desiccation the alkali attacks the epidermis and renders the skin
shiny. In order to deprive it of this excess, the same method should be
adopted as for anhydrous soaps, but adding while the materials are being
-pounded a sufficient quantity of colophany in fine powder. After five or six
different pounding operations, and then twenty-four hours drying in a stove,
all the soda in excess forms with the powdered colophany a resinous soap
which adds greatly to the saponaceous qualities of the soap as originally
formed.
Methods of Ornamenting Toilet Soaps.-The ornamentation may be produced
either by a deep indentation made in the cake of soap with the aid of a thin

page_text: metal blade in which is introduced a colored liquid before the soap is stamped,
or by the inlaying of various colored perfumed and figured soaps, or by a
combination of these two processes, or, lastly, by the association of variously
colored soaps which are made to pass through a suitable die. The inlaying
above referred to is effected in the usual way. Thus a space is made in the
cake for the reception of the pattern by the aid of a punch of any suitable
form; the soap forming the inlayed design, whether of one or of various colors,
may be in one piece, a thickness of which is placed above the space for its
reception, and the punch or stamper being caused to enter therein carries
with it a portion of the disc of soap so as to exactly fill the space prepared
for it in the surface of the cake. If, however, it is desired that the soaps to
be ornamented should have inlayed designs of various forms and tints not
permitting of their application in a single piece from which a disc may be
detached to form the design, in this case the inlaying is effected either by hand
or machine in the manner of forming mosaics by fitting together small pieces
of different colors consisting of fragments stamped out or formed by passing
through a suitable die plate; the whole being thus prepared the soap
cake so
inlaid is brought under the action of a powerful stamping press. The inlaid
pattern may pass quite through the soap cake so as to show equally on both
sides, it is, however, preferable for it to only extend about half through, so that
the pattern may last until the cake is completely worn away, and the different
scents of the various soaps used in the ornamentation may be recognized as
long as there is any of the soap left. This mode of combining different scents
in one cake is of great advantage, as is also that of uniting soaps of the most
opposite kinds, such as sand soap and those of a particularly oily nature, thic
most neutral and the least so; this is particularly so in the case of soap
known by the name of Saint Louis.
Process for the Manufacture of Combined Soap Tablets.-These soaps are
made in a similar way to the anhydrous soaps before referred to, except that
two layers of different soaps in powder are superposed in the bottom of the
hydraulic press, which powders are well moistened with alcohol; considerable
pressure is then brought to bear on the powders so as to produce the union
of the two in a block, which is then cut up into pieces and stamped as
before mentioned.
Having described the nature of this Invention, and the manner of performing
the same, I would observe that I am aware that anhydrous soap has been
already made by processes differing however from those herein described; but
that what I claim as the Invention to be protected by the berein-before in
part recited Letters Patent is,-

page_text: First, the combination of anhydrous pastes of different kinds and for different
uses in the same cake; for example, I may put sand soap on one side and
ordinary soap on the other.
Secondly, I claim ornamenting soaps by inlaying pieces of different colors.
These soaps are made by one and the same process from anhydrous paste,
which is alone applicable for the combination of soaps of different kinds,
colors, or scents in the manner of a mosaic either for different uses or for the
purposes of ornamentation.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Clark, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twentieth day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand cight hundred and sixty-seven.
W. CLARK. (L.8.)