NEW OR IMPROVED THERMO- REGULATORS
Year: 1875

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LETTERS PATENT to Fredrick Mori, of Halifax, in the County of
York, Dentist, for the Invention of "NEW OR IMPROVED THERMO-
REGULATORS."
Sealed the 28th April 1876, and dated the 10th November 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Fredrick Mori at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents with his Petition, on the
10th November 1875.
I, FREDRICK MORI, of Halifax, in the County of York, Dentist,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "NEW OR IMPROVED
THERMO-REGULATORS," to be as follows:-
The first part of my Invention consists in combining and arranging an
ordinary electric or galvanic battery or thermo-electric pile with a
thermometer of improved construction a magnetic apparatus and a
clockwork mechanism for regulating the flow of gas or air to be used
for heating purposes, whether for vulcanizing india-rubber for dental
and other purposes, chemical manufactures, electro-gilding and plating,

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brewing, or other purposes where a certain and regular heat is required,
which apparatus is self-acting in shutting off all the supply of gas at
any time the apparatus is set to. This thermo-regulator consists of a
small box, which has two tubes projecting, one to conduct gas or air
into and the other out of the apparatus. It has a valve with a rod
attached extending to a cross arm hinged at one end and pressed at the
other by a spring, and which may be attached or not to the rod, and
this cross arm may extend the full length of the box. There is also a
magnet, which acts on the valve rod, and regulates the supply of gas
or air. The box also contains a clockwork movement or mechanism,
which has on the centre pinion a circular plate with a notch in it. On
the extended arm there is a pin or catch projecting, which rests upon
the edge of the circular plate, which pin, as the circular plate works
round, drops into the notch and allows the arm to fall, which presses
down the valve rod and shuts off all supply of gas or air, and there is
also attached to this arm a projection, which stops the movement of the
clock. On the outside of the box is a dial plate and a pointer attached
to a stud carried on the centre of the circular plate, which pointer can

page_text: mechanism in motion, and partly closes the valve, which reduces the
supply of gas to a minimum quantity.
If the temperature should lower the mercury will fall from contact
with the set wires, when the circuit will be broken, which allows the
valve to open and give a full supply of gas, whereby the temperature of
the heat acting on the thermometer will again rise the mercury, thus
the apparatus will be self-acting in regulating the heat to any degree at
which it is set, according to requirement.
The second part of my Invention consists of an electro-magnetic valve
for regulating a supply of gas and heated air. It consists of a magnet
with an aperture through the centre of the core, which allows the supply
of gas or air to pass through the magnet. Under the magnet is a hollow
ball or valve, which fits into the aperture of the core. There is a tube
attached to the top of the magnet, through which the supply of gas or
air is conveyed, and there is another tube under the magnet to convey
gas or air to where it is required. The action of the valve is such that
when the mercury rises to the degree required a current is sent through
the magnet, which draws up or lifts the ball or valve into the aperture,
which temporarilly shuts off the supply, and thereby regulates the flow
in a similar manner to the first part.
.
The third part of my Invention consists of arranging thermo-electric
piles inside the case of a vulcanizer for dental purposes to generate the
electric current by heat instead of using a battery to work the thermo-
regulators.
5 SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Fredrick Mori in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 10th May 1876.
0
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FREDERICK
MORI, of Halifax, in the County of York, Dentist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Tenth day of November, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the
thirty-eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Frederick Mori, Her special

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This part of my Invention will be readily understood without further
explanation, but for the better explanation of the first and second
parts of my Invention I hereto annex two Sheets of Drawings marked
with figures and letters of reference, of which the following is a
description :-
The whole of the Drawings on Sheet 1 refer to the first part of my
Invention herein mentioned, and represent the thermometer and
magnetic apparatus for shutting off or admitting the flow of gas or air
together with a clockwork mechanism for controlling the same.
The battery, which may be of ordinary construction, is indicated by-
the black dots A, which represent the two poles.
Fig. 1 is a front elevation of my supply and cut off apparatus, which
is contained in a box or case B. Two tubes 1 and 2 project from this.
casc, one of which, No. 1, admits gas or air to a cylinder or valve 3;
this valve is shewn in detail at Fig. 3. a is the valve rod, which is
underneath the cross arm or lever 4, which is hinged at 5. A pin 6 in
the end of this arm bears on a plate or disc 7. The valve is kept open
by a spiral spring 8. In addition to this valve is a small pilot valve 9,
the purpose of which will be hereafter described. 10 is the axis of the
centre pinion of an ordinary clockwork movement, of which 11 is the
escapement wheel. In the rim of this wheel are a series of small
projections, and a lever 12 with a small flat spring at the end thereof is .
employed to stop the movement of the escapement wheel. A magnetic
coil 13 is placed within the box, one end of which communicates
through the cross arm 4, spring 6, and wire c, with the binding screw d;
the other end of the magnetic coil communicates with a metal stop
piece 14, which is in connection with the finger 15, which communicates
through wire with binding screw 16. 17 is the armature of the magnet
hinged at e, e, a clip or fork 18, on which presses on the nut f on the
valve rod. The armature is kept out of contact with the magnet when
inoperative by a spiral spring 19, which is not so strong as to interfere
with the action of the magnet.
Figs. 4, 5, and 6 represent the thermometer. This consists of closed
tube D containing mercury, the lower portion of which is contained in.
a metal pipe or case E, which can be acted on by the heat of the
material under operation. The upper part of the thermometer tube is.
contained within a metal cylinder F, at the top of which are, three.

page_text: binding screws. The upper part of the cylinder contains an electro-
magnet G, the armature of which is hinged at 9, and kept from contact
by spring H. At the end of the armature is a pin J. One end of the
coil communicates with the case, and the other with binding screw K.
A wire from binding screw L enters the mercury tube at M, and the
other binding screw N is in metallic contact with the cylinder F. By
the side of the cylinder F is a smaller cylinder O, within which is a
piston P, and attached thereto is a pointer p. In the top of the piston
rod is a notch, into which the pin J enters when the piston rod is
pressed down, a spiral spring R within the cylinder tending to lift the
piston to the extent allowed by the nut g¹. Attached to the piston is a
small flat spring h, a pin, in which presses against a piece of bone or
other insulator j in the side of the cylinder F. Through this insulator
pass a series of flat-headed pins or platinum wires k, which are met by
small wires communicating with the interior of the thermometer tube.
A plate S on the cylinder F serves for the graduated scale of the
thermometer. The lowest marked point on the scale is opposite to the
lowest pin communicating with the thermometer. When the piston is
pushed down to the point the pin J retains it in that position until
released.
I will now describe the operation of the machine:-One of the poles
of a battery is connected with the binding screw L of the thermometer,
the other pole with the binding screw 16 of the machine. The thermo-
meter and machine are connected by wire from screw N on the thermo-
meter to screw d on the machine; the circuit is thus complete, unless
broken, by reason of the mercury in the tube not reaching one of the
wires ; when this is the case the magnet 13 is inoperative, and gas
passes through the valve 3 until the desired heat is attained. If 280 be
required, which is the lowest indicated on the thermometer in the
Drawings, as soon as the mercury rises to that height the circuit is
complete, the coil 13 becomes magnetic, the armature is attracted, and
the clip 18 presses down the nut fand closes the valve, thus shutting
off the supply of gas or air. As however the gas would require lighting
a constant though small supply is secured through the pilot valve 9,
which can be regulated by the screw 20 and wheels 21 and 22. The
gas being lowered the heat acting upon the thermometer decreases,
which causes the mercury therein to descend and break contact at the
wire k; the armature is thus released and lifted by the spring 19; the

page_text: plate. On the end of the axis is a pointer, and as this pointer is moved
round it turns the notched wheel 7. By this means I can vary the
length of time which shall elapse before the gas is entirely shut off.
In working at two temperatures the relative duration of the two is
determined by means of a second hand attached to a boss, which carries
the finger 28. This boss fits tightly on the axis 10, but may be moved
by hand independently thereof.
By means of the dial plate it may be arranged that the finger shall
cause the current to be changed at the expiration of any given time
after the lower heat has been obtained.
Fig. 1, Sheet 2, illustrates the second part of my Invention. It
consists of a magnetic coil constructed as follows:-The coil is wound
upon a hollow iron tube or core A, and when complete is enclosed
within a cylinder of iron B open at both ends. The inner and outer
cylinders communicate at top. At the bottom of the inner tube is a ball
or other valve C made wholly or partly of iron. The gas passes through
the core or tube A in the direction of the arrows. When the coil is
charged with electricity the magnet attracts the ball or other valve,
which fills the orifice and stops the further passage of gas. A pilot
valve conveys sufficient gas to keep the flame burning after the main
supply is cut off.
Fig. 2 shows a modification in the form of valve. D may be of iron,
and E of india-rubber or flexible material.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed or carried into practice, I
would have it understood that I do not confine myself to the precise
details of construction or arrangement of apparatus herein shewn and
described, as the same admits of many variations, but what I claim aş
of my Invention is,-
Firstly. The construction, arrangement, and combination of mechanism
as herein described and illustrated in Sheet 1 of the Drawings for the
purpose of regulating the flow of gas or heated air.
Secondly. The construction and use of a magnetic valve as shewn in
Sheet 2; and described herein.

page_text: Thirdly. The arrangement of thermo-electric piles inside the case of a
vulcanizer, as and for the purpose herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick Mori, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Eighth day of May, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.