matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRESERVATION OF MEATS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Francis Perry and John
Isaac Bengough at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 11th May 1870.
We, FRANCIS PERRY, of Fenchurch Street, in the City of London,
Merchant, and JOHN ISAAC BENGOUGH, of Hackney, in the County of
Middlesex, Provision Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRESERVATION OF MEATS," to be as
follows:
The object of this Invention is to avoid the necessity supposed to
exist for cooking the meat to the extent to which it has heretofore been
done in order to ensure its keeping when enclosed in tins. This cooking is
commonly carried on to such an extent that the fibre is broken up, and
the meat is greatly deteriorated in consequence. To avoid this result,
and also to expedite the operation of preserving meats in tins or air-tight
vessels we enclose the meat (whether fish, flesh, or fowl) in the packing
vessels, and cook it to a moderate extent only, stopping at the point at
which meat is ordinarily removed from the fire. We then cause con-
densation in the vessel by the application of cold thereto, so as to

page_text: produce a partial vacuum in the vessel, and admit into the vessel a small
quantity (either diluted with water or not) of the preservative liquor for
which a Patent was granted to one of us, dated January 1st, 1869. This
liquor is composed of bi-sulphite of lime and bi-sulphite of magnesia,
and when applied in quantity sufficient, say, to cover the surface of the
meat or nearly so, it will serve effectually to protect the enclosed meat
without imparting to it any new or detracting from its proper flavour.
The vessel containing the meat is to be sealed in the usual manner after
the liquor has been applied. Or in place of this preservative solution
we may employ a solution of sulphurous acid gas, or this gas may be
absorbed into the preservative solution, or a solution of either of its
ingredients, or of bi-sulphite of soda, or bi-sulphite of potassa.
AN IMPROVED WATER METER, PARTS OF WHICH ARE APPLICABLE FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hector Auguste Dufrené at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 11th May 1870.-A communication from Monsieur Jules Oury,
residing at Blois, in the Empire of France.
I, HECTOR AUGUSTE DUFRENÉ, of 10, Rue de la Fidélité, Paris, and
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Civil Engineer and Patent Agent,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
WATER METER, PARTS OF WHICH ARE APPLICABLE FOR OTHER PURPOSES," to be
as follows, that is to say :-
My Invention consists in an improved apparatus for measuring liquids,
and consists of a chamber containing a moveable partition of india-
rubber or other analogous material. The water rises and lowers
alternately this partition, the oscillations of which being transmitted to
its exterior by means of a rod are counted in the ordinary way. The
reversal of the direction of movement of the water is effected by a
spring distribution. A tube provided with two stoppers and supported
by slides opens and closes alternately the inlet and outlet holes; when
the water enters on one side it presses on the moveable partition, which
expels the water placed on the other side. The motion of this partition

page_text: by means of oscillating levers contracts a spring which in distending
suddenly, just when the partition arrives at the end of its stroke, changes
the position of the stopper tube, and thus changing the ingress or
egress of the liquid inverts the direction of the movement of the water
in the meter; the moveable partition then returns on itself, and so on
successively. When the pressure is great, the rod which transmits the
oscillations of the moveable partition also produces a certain amount
of motive power. The application of the spring to changing the position
of the distributing mechanism may also be employed in steam and
water engines.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY TIME TABLES AND BILLS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Hodgson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st
January 1870.
I, JAMES HODGSON, of No. 16, Queenhithe, in the City of London,
Wholesale Envelope Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for the better arrangement of railway time tables, and
called by the title "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY TIME TABLES AND BILLS," to
be as follows :-
The removal of the great difficulty of tracing the columns of figures
and uncertainty in finding the times of certain trains on time tables as
heretofore constructed, and the introduction of such directing lines,
signs, or marks by which the eye is directed to any part of the table
required.
According to my Invention I insert under the name of each station on
the table or bill a line ruled horizontally and continued under the
various times across the sheet, each line having a distinctive color or
form. I also use waved, curved, dotted, and other irregular lines with
or in licu of straight or colored lines, or both combined (Fig. 1 and 2).

page_text: In some cases I print the time tables in colors, the colors of the
various stations being the same, and in unison with the figures indicating
the times.
My Invention includes the introduction of initial letters of small size
printed in black or distinctive colors at the commencement of each b
horizontal line, repeating the same letter throughout the said horizontal
line at the intersection of every vertical column (Fig. 3 & 4), by which
means I readily direct the eye from the name of the station to the
various columns in which the "times" are indicated. The name of each
station has a distinctive initial, and all " times" the same initial as the 1
station to which it refers.
A NEW COMPOUND AND PROCESS FOR ELIMINATING DISEASES AND THE CAUSE OF DISEASE FROM THE HUMAN BODY
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Manks Mort at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
February 1870.
I, ALFRED MANKS MORT, of George Street, Euston Road, in the
County of Middlesex, Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A NEW COMPOUND AND PROCESS FOR ELIMINATING DISEASES
AND THE CAUSE OF DISEASE FROM THE HUMAN BODY," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the eliminating of diseases and the
cause of disease from the human body, and consists of a composition
composed of the following ingredients, viz:-Honey soap and resin,
with or without perfume, these ingredients being used in such pro-
portions as the nature of the disease may require, separately or combined.
The two first ingredients are used in solution and externally applied to
the body with and without the hydropathic compress or compresses.
The hydropathic compress or compresses are at present in use with
water only, and this Invention consists in adding the two first ingredients
together or separately as may be required, and thus becomes an indicator
of the state and condition of the patient. These materials are intended
to be made up and sold as an antiseptic toilet soap, and in solution as

page_text: a cosmetic, the resin being added to make it an adhesive ointment for
boils, local inflamations, and general sores, simply perfumed according
to taste.
This Invention is applicable for domestic uses, and for the purpose
of enabling the user to register on the compress employed the state
and condition of the lungs, heart, liver, and kidneys in particular, and
for the removal of obstructions therein. It is likewise applicable to any
other part of the body in the same way with and without compresses,
in the bath and in the lavatory, nursery, and toilet, as an imperceptible
climinator, and as a cosmetic. Also for the prevention of many acute
and chronic diseases, such as gout and rheumatic affections, and fevers,
scarletina, small pock and meascles, arresting the progress of consumption
by extracting the decayed, morbid, cephic, poisonous, and discased
accumulations of the body, whether arising from poisonous or improper
internal or too long continued use of medicine used in the ordinary
practice of medicine. Also for the elimination of poisonous accumula-
tions in the system, such as the red mercurial coloring matter of
artificial vulcanite gum, impuro gold, platina, and silver plates used in
fixing artificial teeth, likewise the accumulations of mercury, lead, and
all other poisons imbibed in the various manufactures of the present age,
likewise the degenerating effects of foul, heated, and confined and impuro
air, ccptic, impure, and improper food, tobacco, opiates, and intoxicating
drinks. This process (the compress and additions) would enable the
analytical chemist to arrive at a definite conclusion as to the actual
poison eliminated from the human body, and as a guide to the doctor a
and the patient.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER GAUGES FOR STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lemuel Willis Weeks at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th September 1870.-A communication from abroad by L. L. Lee,
of Milwaukee, in the State of Wisconsin, in the United States of
America.
I, LEMUEL WILLIS WEEKS, of New York, in the United States of
America, but at present of 35, Southampton Buildings, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER GAUGES FOR STEAM BOILERS," a communication to
me from abroad by L. L. Lee, of Milwaukee, in the State of Wisconsin,
in the United States of America, to be as follows:-
The Invention has for its object improvements in water gauges for
steam boilers, and relates to a novel arrangement and combination of
parts whereby great simplicity and accuracy of operation are obtained.
For this purpose a separate chamber is employed, which may be fixed
to the boiler or to the wall of the boiler house or to other suitable part at
the requisite height. The upper end of this chamber is connected by a
pipe or tube with the steam space of the boiler, and the lower end by
another pipe or tube with the "solid water" in the boiler. These pipes

page_text: or tubes are provided with cocks or valves to enable the gauge, when
desired, to be readily cut off from communication with the boiler.
Within the chamber before mentioned works a ball float, which has a
rod connected thereto by screwing it into the ball float, thereby affording
facility for adjustment. This rod is by pin joint connected to one end
of an arm or lever, which at its other end is carried by a rod or axis
on which it is secured in the required position by a set screw. One
end of this rod or axis passes through an opening in the side of the
chamber and has fixed thereon a hand or pointer, which traverses over
a suitable dial fixed on the outside of the chamber. This rod or axis
has a shoulder formed thereon, which is ground to fit steam-tight
against a collar screwed into the chamber, and through which such rod
or axis passes. The end of this rod or axis, opposite to that on which
the hand or pointer is fixed, does not pass through the chamber but is
ground to fit against the end of a pin, which is received into a recess
formed in a screw, bolt, or plug, and has a coiled spring placed around it,
by which, aided by the screw, bolt, or plug, the rod or axis is forced endwise
as desired so as to keep the collar and shoulder in steam-tight contact.
The arm or lever is also provided with a cam surface or bearing on each
side of its axis of motion, against which bear rods or pins carried by
a valve which, when the water in the boiler has risen or fallen beyond
certain fixed points, opens a communication with a pipe or tube
connected to the chamber, and having a whistle fixed thereon.
A "blow-off" is connected to the lower end of the chamber to enable it
to be blown out when required. By these means both a visible and an
audible indication are given when the level of the water in the boiler
has risen or fallen beyond certain limits.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DOUBLING COTTON OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sigmund Baerlein at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
May 1870.
I, SIGMUND BAERLEIN, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN DOUBLING COTTON OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR," to be as follows:―
This Invention relates to doubling yarns or threads of cotton or other
fibrous substances, and consists principally in doubling such yarns or
threads from the hank direct instead of the usual method of winding
them from the hank on to bobbins or reels, and then doubling them
from the latter, whereby the process of winding is dispensed with, and
hence a considerable economy in time, trouble, and cost is effected.
In carrying out my Invention instead of the ordinary creel for sup-
porting the bobbins or cops I attach to the doubling frame a creel or
frame to carry the reels or "swifts" on which the hanks are placed,
and I double the yarns or threads in the ordinary manner, taking either

page_text: all the yarns direct from the hanks on the reels or swifts; or, if
preferred, the yarns may be taken partly direct from the banks and
partly from reels or cops, taking one or more from the hank and one or
more from the reel or cop and doubling them together.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CASE-HARDENING
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Armitage at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
March 1870.
I, JAMES ARMITAGE, of Kirkstall, near Leeds, in the County of York,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN CASE-HARDENING," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in a process whereby the operation of case-
hardening can be performed in much less time, with less cost, and in a
more effectual manner than by processes hitherto employed, being
particularly applicable to cast iron, wrought iron, and steel.
In a box or crucible of ordinary construction I place a quantity
of prussiate of potass; heat is applied either by putting it in a
furnace of ordinary construction or other suitable means until the
prussiate of potass attains a blood red heat, the article or material

page_text: to be operated upon may then be immersed in it and allowed to
remain in it a suitable length of time; this of course depends on the
material, and the depth required to be case-hardened. After remaining
as long as required the article or material is taken out and immediately
immersed in water; the operation of hardening is then completed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-GRATES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Cardwell Robinson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th May 1870.
I, RICHARD CARDWELL ROBINSON, of Preston, in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-GRATES,” to be as follows :-
These improvements relate chiefly to grates known as register
grates, and consist in the use of a central hood or canopy projecting
from the back of the grate and overhanging the fire. By means of this
hood or canopy the front of the fire can be brought further forward into
the room than heretofore, and the sides of the fire instead of being in a
recess and closed, as is usual, are open and fully exposed to view. The
heat given out at the sides of the fire is radiated into the room by means
of cheeks or wings projecting from the back plate of the grate at a
suitable angle to the said sides. The hood or canopy which may be
made of various shapes and materials also ensures an efficient draught
or current of air into the flue, thus abating the nuisance of smoky
chimneys. The heat ascending from the fire is not wasted by going
directly up the chimney, as in ordinary grates, but imparts heat to the

page_text: hood or canopy by passing into and through it, and the air in the room
coming in contact with the exterior surface of the said heated hood or
canopy is diffused through the room in a more highly heated state than
at present. The hood or canopy may be supported by brackets extending
from the back plate or on pillars rising from the bars, and the back of 5
the grate may be formed of fire-brick made in any suitable design.
AN IMPROVED WATCH PROTECTOR
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Brooks at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th March
1870.
I, JOHN BROOKS, of Gracechurch Street, in the City of London, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED WATCH
PROTECTOR," to be as follows :—
This Invention relates to a watch protector to be worn with a watch
and chain to protect the watch from being stolen.
The improved protector may be made of gold, silver, or other metal,
or mixture of metals, and consists of a chain containing three or four
links. At each extremity thereof there is a screw cap, into which is
screwed a ring which opens by means of a hinge made in the middle of
the ring. In the screw of this ring there is a slit into which the knife
part of the ring enters directly the ring is closed; the two parts of the ring
are made secure by a cap being screwed over it. One ring is to be put
round the stud of the watch, then closed and fastened by the aforesaid
screw cap being screwed over it, as before stated; the corresponding ring
at the other extremity of the chain is then fastened in like manner to

page_text: the ring of the swivel or other part of an ordinary watch chain. It is
well known that the ring (or bow) of a watch is easily detached by a
screw which runs through the stud of the bow of the watch being
snapped by a slight twist, and it is in this way that nearly all watches
are stolen. The intention of this Invention is therefore to securely hold
the watch after the ring or bow has been broken, which I propose to
effect by fastening the stud part of the watch to the wearer's chain or
any part thereof, instead of depending solely upon the ring or bow of
the watch being connected to the swivel of the chain as commonly
practised.
A NEW APPARATUS FOR WATERING GARDENS, LAWNS, AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Wright at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
March 1870.
I, JOHN WRIGHT, of 30, Broad Street, Islington, Birmingham, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A
NEW APPARATUS FOR WATERING GARDENS, LAWNS, AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be
as follows: -
It consists of a cylinder of brass or other suitable metal, with or
without a transverse tube at one end and a nozzle at the other end for
attaching to the delivery hose or pipe conveying the water. When made
with a transverse tube the said tube is perforated with holes in such a
manner that water forced through it falls in a gentle shower, whatever
force is used. When made without a transverse tube the same kind of
perforations are made through the whole or part of the length of the
straight cylinder or tube, and the resulting shower is the same.

page_text: By the means of this arrangement water can be delivered from a hose
pipe or engine or water pot in a more beneficial way than has been
previously adopted, and the novelty of my Invention consists in the
arrangement and combination of parts by which this is brought about.
The apparatus is also applicable to watering malt and other like
purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SEA-GOING VESSELS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank Clarke Hills at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
March 1870.
I, FRANK CLARKE HILLS, of the Chemical Works, Deptford, in the
County of Kent, Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SEA-GOING VESSELS," to be as
follows:-
The objects of my Invention are to prevent sea-sickness, and to
increase the comfort and safety of passengers on board sea-going vessels.
My improvements are as follows:-I form or insert in the vessel, as
near its centre of motion as possible, a water-tight chamber or several
such chambers. I prefer to make these chambers of iron and of a
hemispherical form, but their length may be greater than their breadth.
The said chambers may either be constructed with the vessel, so that its
sides and bottom shall form part of the said chambers, or they may be
The
constructed separately and fixed in the interior of the said vessel.
bottoms of the said chambers may rest upon the keclson, and their

page_text: upper edges may rise above the deck. The said chambers constitute
bowl-shaped receptacles, in each of which I place a smaller water
chamber of corresponding form. I introduce between the outer and
inner chambers enough water to float the latter, so that they shall be
capable of moving freely within the said outer chambers, and remain
apright or nearly so whatever position the vessel may assume, spring
antifriction rollers being interposed between the said outer and inner
chambers to prevent the latter from touching the former. The said
inner chambers constitute cabins for the passengers, and may be
furnished with seats, couches, and other similar appliances, and may
abc covered either by a dome-shaped or partly spherical cover with a
skylight, or by a deck with a skylight, access to the said cabins being
gained from the deck by means of a companion ladder. The said outer
and inner chambers are or may be so arranged that in the event of the
vessel sinking the inner chambers shall float out of the outer chambers
into the sea, and thus constitute a species of life boat, the bottoms of
the said chambers being made heavier than their upper parts, which
should be made as light as possible, so that the said chambers shall keep
as upright as possible.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING GLUE
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Speight at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
August 1870.
I, GEORGE SPEIGHT, of Spencer Street, Clerkenwell, in the County
of Middlesex, Collar Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING GLUE," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is the treatment of glue in a novel
manner.
Hitherto glue has been made liquid or in solution and allowed to set
so as to become hard, viscous, or jelly like; in this condition it rapidly
becomes mouldy and putrid, and insects are generated therein.
Now the object of my Invention is to remedy these evils, and also to
produce glue in a condition which will render it capable of being
expeditiously applied for use and of being packed into a smaller compass
than heretofore for transport or other purpose. For these purposes I
take hard, hardened, dried, or desiccated glue in a state of slab, sheet,
fragment, or piece, and I subject it to a process of grinding or
pulverizing by any ordinary grinding or pulverizing process or apparatus
so as to reduce the glue to powder. This powder can be made up into

page_text: packets of any desired shape so as to be ready for sale or capable of
transport for manufacturing, commercial, or industrial purposes. The
pulverized glue can be readily dissolved and thus made ready for use.
A number of such packets can be made up ready for use for domestic,
office, or other purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BELTS OR SUSPENDERS FOR WEARING APPAREL
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Heycock at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th June
1870.
I, EDWIN HEYCOCK, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BELTS OR SUSPENDERS FOR WEARING APPAREL," to be as
follows:-
The Invention is designed for the purpose of enabling the garment
known as the trowsers in gentleman's wearing apparel to be sustained
and suspended on the body of the wearer from the waist in a position
that will with ease and freedom allow such garment to be readily
adjustable to any position or curvature the body may assume without
the aid of shoulder straps or other similar equivalent.
The improvements consist in the novel and peculiar formation and use
of a zone or belt constructed to encircle the body above the hips, the
ends of which may be connected by buttons, buckles, or other equivalent,
the sides of the belt above the hips being composed of elastic material.
At suitable places on this belt, buttons, hooks, or other forms of attach-

page_text: ment are arranged in positions that will allow button holes or eyes
formed in the trowsers to fit and be attached on to them. The belt
when secured to and encircling the body forms a suspending zone, to
which the trowsers are attached or suspended at any height suitable to
the convenience of the wearer. The belt and trowsers when thus con-
nected are readily removed together by disconnecting the front attach-
ment of the belt, thus when the attachment is once made it is not
necessary that the disconnection be again made until the trowsers are
worn out or require changing.
Another modification may be arranged by the employment of an
ordinary elastic belt, from which the trowsers are suspended by means
of loops or slots attached to the waistband of the trowsers, and through
which the belt passes.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN TOWELS, RUBBERS, AND WIPERS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Richardson Fanshawe at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 10th June 1870.
I, HENRY RICHARDSON FANSHAWE, of the Patent Office, 14, Finsbury
Place, in the County of Middlesex, Chemist, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN TOWELS, RUBBERS, AND
WIPERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of towels, rubbers, or wipers
which shall from their make possess good frictional and great absorbent
qualities.
The Invention consists in weaving in in the manufacture of the towels,
rubbers, or wipers a series of threads of india-rubber, which elastic
threads are by preference gimped or covered and run the entire length
of the towels, rubbers, or wipers. These threads are woven in the position
desired while they are in a state of tension. When the weaving process
is completed the threads have their elasticity restored by heat in the
manner in which elastic fabrics are at present treated.

page_text: Towels, rubbers, and wipers manufactured in this manner will from
the properties imparted to them by the elastic threads gather the fibrous
materials of which they are made into close heads or knobs, so as to
present at the same time a good frictional with a highly absorbent
surface.
The kind of fibrous material employed may be varied in accordance
with the purpose for which the towel, rubber, or wiper is designed.
AN IMPROVED PORTABLE REFRIGERATOR
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Falck at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th July
1870.
I, CHARLES FALCK, junior, of Fairfoot Road, Bow, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED PORTABLE REFRIGERATOR," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object an improved arrangement of portable
refrigerator for cooling wines, meat, fish, or other articles. contained
within or enclosed thereby.
The cooling chamber of this improved portable refrigerator is in the
form of an inverted vessel of cylindrical or other suitable shape, by
preference made of zinc, although it may be made of any other suitable
material. A receptacle for ice is formed above the cooling chamber by a
partition fixed within the upper part of the refrigerator, the receptacle
for ice being closed by a suitable cover. Holes or openings are formed
immediately above the partition or bottom of the receptacle containing
the ice to conduct the water as the ice melts to the outer surface of the
refrigerator which is covered or surrounded by felt or other non-
conducting material. The felt or other non-conducting material absorbs

page_text: the water as it flows from the melted ice, and conducts it into a channel
or trough formed around the base of the refrigerator. If desired, the
ice chamber may be formed separate from the body of the refrigerator,
and may be placed thereon or combined therewith in any convenient
manner, so that the water from the melted ice will pass down the outer
surface of the cooling or refrigerating chamber covered with felt to the
channel around the base as previously described.
If desired, the interior of the cooling chamber may be arranged with
shelves or other contrivances for supporting the articles to be cooled;
or the refrigerator may be simply placed over so as to cover and enclose
the wine, provisions, , or other articles requiring to be cooled.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHIPS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Westwood and Robert
Baillie at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 28th June 1870.
We, JOSEPH WESTWOOD, of Tredagar House, Bow, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer, and ROBERT BAILLIE, of Leyton, in the County of
Essex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHIPS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention has for its object the prevention of corrosion, and
consists in the construction of ships with the lower framing and plates
composed of Muntz's metal or yellow metal of any description, or with
the entire framing of iron with yellow metal closely rivetted thereto, and
caulked or otherwise made water-tight so as to prevent galvanic action.
The said lower framing is intended to include the keel and kelson,
and the framing as high as above the water line, and the plates are
intended to be carried to the same height, the framing and plates above
this line being of iron as usual. When the plates are composed of iron

page_text: and yellow metal closely riveted together, it is necessary that the plates
of yellow metal should be of sufficient strength to admit of their being
caulked tight, so as effectually to exclude water. The rivets used for the
purpose are composed of yellow metal.
A NEW AND IMPROVED METHOD OF FIXING BRISTLES, HAIR, BASS, FIBRES, AND MATERIALS OF LIKE NATURES IN THE HEAD, STOCK, SOCKET, OR HANDLE OF BRUSH, BROOM, OR ARTICLE OF SIMILAR CONSTRUCTION
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Linfoot at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd March
1870.
I, JAMES LINFOOT, of Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford,
Brush Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"A NEW AND IMPROVED METHOD OF FIXING BRISTLES, HAIR, BASS, FIBRES, AND
MATERIALS OF LIKE NATURES IN THE HEAD, STOCK, SOCKET, OR HANDLE OF
BRUSH, BROOM, OR ARTICLE OF SIMILAR CONSTRUCTION," to be as follows:-
A
I form the holes into which the bunches or tufts of bristles, hair, bass,
fibres, or other materials of like natures are to be fixed so as to leave a
shoulder in each of the said holes. This is done by making the said
holes for a certain distance down to a larger diameter or width, and then
making the remaining distance of the said holes to a smaller diameter
or width, the shoulder being formed by the reduction of the hole from
the larger to the smaller size; or in certain cases the hole may be the
same size throughout, and the shoulder afterwards inserted, or the top of
the hole may be used as the shoulder. The said bunches or tufts are
then placed in the said holes and taper pegs or wedges of wood or any
suitable material are driven into the midst of the material composing the

page_text: said bunches or tufts, and from the upper side (that is, the larger side,
when the shoulder is formed in the hole) of the said holes, and thus the
bristles, hair, bass, fibres, or other substance is pressed tightly between
the said taper pegs or wedges and the said shoulders. When the shoulder
is formed in the said holes the said taper pegs or wedges (as also the
material composing the bunches or tufts is) are cut level with the top of
the said holes, but where the tops of the said holes are used as shoulders
the said taper pegs or wedges (as also the material composing the
bunches or tufts does) project slightly above the said holes. Pitch or
other suitable adhesive substance is used for those parts of the said
bunches or tufts which are in the said holes when the said bunches or
tufts are composed of bristles, hair, or material of like clastic nature;
but for bass, fibres,-and-other-like-vegetable-substances the said pitch or
its substitute may be dispensed with.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MAKING THE CARBONATES OF AMMONIA
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isham Baggs at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
April 1870.
I, ISHAM BAGGS, of High Holborn, in the County of Middlesex,
Scientific Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MAKING THE CARBONATES OF AMMONIA," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in combining the distillation of various mixtures
of the salts of ammonia and the carbonates and bicarbonates of the fixed
alkalies with the use of a stream, current, or supply of carbonic acid gas,
which latter is advantageously furnished from a common gasholder con-
taining the same, while the flow is regulated by a stop-cock. The gas
meets and combines with the distillate, and the product is thereby
modified in constitution, as may be required. In some cases ammonia is
substituted for carbonic acid gas. I also employ the carbonic acid gas
obtained from limestone when distilled at a red heat, and that given off

page_text: from the alkaline bicarbonates when heated, to furnish wholly or partially
the acid element in making the carbonates of ammonia by the method
herein named, or by the direct union of the two gases, carbonic acid and
ammonia.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON- STRUCTION OF FURNACES, AND IN THE METHOD OF MANUFACTURING MALLEABLE AND CRUCIBLE STEEL AND IRON
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Solomon Atkin, Isaac
Deeley, and Francis Newbery at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 15th March 1870.
We, JOHN SOLOMON ATKIN, Puddler, No. 26, Bressinghan Road,
ISAAC DEELEY, Stocktaker, Somerset Road, and FRANCIS NEWBERY,
Artist, Somerset Road, all of Sheffield, in the County of York, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON-
STRUCTION OF FURNACES, AND IN THE METHOD OF MANUFACTURING MALLEABLE AND
CRUCIBLE STEEL AND IRON," to be as follows:-
The nature of this Invention and the principal feature of the same is
in the improved construction and arrangement of the furnace for the
purposes herein set forth, and as herein after described.
In constructing the improved furnace it is built so as to contain two
distinct chambers for the purpose of carrying on at one and the same
time in the different chambers the melting and refining of the metal
under operation, thus effecting a great saving in time, labor, and
expense.
This being found an improved method of manufacturing
malleable and crucible steel, using either draught or blast with reverso

page_text: draught, thereby properly ensuring the controlling of the carbonizing of
the molten metal, even if run from the blast furnace.
The objects of having the furnace composed of two chambers may be
briefly described as follows:-A great saving is effected, firstly, of
expense, and, secondly, of delay, caused by waiting for the melting of
the metal before it can be refined, so that a much larger quantity of
metal can be melted and refined in a given time by the improved method
than by any other hitherto in use, one of the greatest wants of the metal
refiner being the discontinuance of delay caused between the time of
charging with the cold metal and the melting of the metal ready for 1
refining. By this improved method both chambers of the furnace are
used at once, the first for melting the metal to be refined, and the
second for refining the already melted metal; and the mode of working
is when the refined metal has been removed from the second chamber to
run in the molten metal from the first or melting chamber to be refined, 1
then charging Number One again with cold metal to be melted while the
last discharge is being refined, and so on.
COMBINATION OF ARTICLES USED FOR CULINARY PURPOSES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charlotte Cooke at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with her Petition, on the 19th
April 1870.-A communication from abroad by Sydney Cooke, of
New York, United States of America.
I, CHARLOTTE COOKE, of Kensington, in the County of Middlesex, do
"AN IMPROVED
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
COMBINATION OF ARTICLES USED FOR CULINARY PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the combination with a flour dredger of a
number of articles used for culinary purposes. The flour dredger
consists of a box or container provided with a handle as usual and with a
perforated dome top or cover, with which I combine a plain or other shaped
cutter for stamping out dough cakes, said cutter being disposed inside
the cover and used either alone or in combination with the rim, which
also serves as a cutter. The dredger has also combined with it on either
side a grater for nutmegs, lemon, or ginger, with receptacles for con-
taining the same. The bottom of the dredger is also provided with a
corrugated or other suitable plain or fancy shaped rim for cutting or
stamping dough, and also with plain or fancy shaped cutting edges
forming patterns for stamping dough cakes.

page_text: In addition to the foregoing I also combine what I term a paste jagger
for ornamenting the edges of pies and similar purposes, consisting of a
small rotating corrugated disc mounted on an axis carried on arms
projecting from the body of the dredger.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR VESSELS. FOR COOLING
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Warne at the Office of
:: the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th May,
1870.
107
I, JOHN WARNE, of the Blackfriars Road, in the County of Surrey,
Pewterer and Brass Finisher, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR VESSELS. FOR COOLING," to be
as follows:
}
My Invention consists of apparatus for cooling, constructed in the
following manner :-I take a coil or worm and make it into the shape
or form of a box or case, and which I solder or secure together in places
where it may be found necessary. The case thus formed is preferably of
an oval shape, and of or about the depth of the safe, the lower end is
connected to the supply, and liquid can be drawn from any part of the
coil it may be required by there placing a cock or tap. The space
formed by the worm is intended to be filled up with ice, salt, or other
cooling medium, and the worm stands on a tray or grating whereby the
melted ice flows off. The coil or worm thus made is placed in a chest
made by preference of wood. The wood is first lined with charcoal or

page_text: other non-conductor of heat, and cased with zinc or other plate, a
space being left between the charcoal and the inner plate to receive
liquid. This space or capacity is in connection with the worm, so that
liquid first passes through the aforesaid space, then circulates through
the worm to be utilized as required. At the side of the worm there are
shelves conveniently arranged.
My Invention particularly refers to ice safes generally for keeping
articles cool and for iceing water, but is also applicable to the cooling of
liquids, such as stout or ale. When it is used for this purpose, the
stout or ale runs from casks on a level with the apparatus, or it is
pumped into it. An ordinary engine is then fitted to the top of the
apparatus, and the liquid, ale or stout, drawn in the ordinary way;
sometimes I adapt it for both ale and stout, or for different liquids, by
dividing the space round the apparatus and by dividing the coil, or by
using two or more separate coils.
The Invention essentially consists in the employment of a case
or apparatus lined with charcoal or other non-conductor with a space for
liquid inside the charcoal and between it and the lining, together with a
coil or worm for containing ice or other cooling medium, the liquid to
be cooled passing through the case and worm, substantially as before
described. In some cases the use of ice or other cooling medium may
be dispensed with.
IMPROVED MEANS OR MACHINERY FOR BENDING AND FORMING TIRES OR HOOPS FOR WHEELS OF CARTS, WAGGONS, AND CARRIAGES, OR OTHER. SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Taylor at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
October 1870.
I, GEORGE TAYLOR, of the Firm of Joseph Taylor and Son, of
Huddersfield, in the County of York, Iron and Steel Merchants, and
Manufacturers of Bevel Hoops, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS OR MACHINERY FOR BENDING AND FORMING
TIRES OR HOOPS FOR WHEELS OF CARTS, WAGGONS, AND CARRIAGES, OR OTHER.
SIMILAR PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates more especially to means of bending into a
circle or circular form, and to the proper bevel required, bars of iron to
form tires or hoops to be applied and fixed upon wood wheels for carts,
waggons, or other common road carriages or vehicles, but which hoops
may be applied to other similar purposes.
The said Invention or machine consists of a bed plate of a suitable size
and form, by preference placed horizontally, but may be in any other
position. Also a rotary spindle or shaft projecting through this bed.
plate carrying a plain bevel wheel of suitable diameter for the smallest
size of tires or hoops required to be bent or formed. Also on this bed

page_text: plate are mounted two or more slide plates each carrying (on a stud) a
friction roller or guide roller. These plates are moveable by means of
screws so that the said rollers can be placed in position and set or
adjusted at suitable distances from the outer surface of the bevel wheel.
One of these friction rollers is bevelled according to the bevel required 5
to be given to the tire or hoop which is about to be bent, and a series of
such rollers of different bevels are fitted to the same stud so as to be
changeable one for another. This roller is set so as to nip or press the
bar against the revolving wheel, and thereby draw it forward in betwixt
them, and the other roller or rollers are set at such distance from the 1
wheel as to give the proper bend or curve to form the circle required.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR INHALING NITROUS OXIDE OR OTHER GASES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Edwards at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
September 1870.
I, EDWARD EDWARDS, of No. 4, Portland Place North, Lower Clapton,
in the County of Middlesex, Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR INHALING NITROUS OXIDE
OR OTHER GASES," to be as follows:-
My improvement consists of a cylindrical inhaler of convenient size,
one end of which is so shaped as to fit the patient's mouth. Inside the
inhaler I insert a purifier, which consists of a brush or other suitable
arrangement of material which exposes a large amount of surface. The
brush is to be coated with a mixture of lime and water brought to a
creamy consistency, or other chemical substances which will absorb
carbonic acid and other impurities from the lungs. The inhaler is fitted
with a valve, and connected by means of a tube with a gas holder. The
gas holder consists of an upper and lower slab connected by an air-tight
material, and acts like a bellows. The apparatus has the advantage of
re-using the gas inhaled by the patient, purifying it in a very simple

page_text: manner by filtering it through the said brush or purifier, which when
coated as aforesaid absorbs from the gas any carbonic acid or any other
impurities from the lungs as it passes from the patient and before it
enters the gas holder. The gas is breathed to and from the gas holder,
and is purified as it passes through the inhaler.
AN IMPROVED FURNACE OR APPARATUS FOR CONSUMING CREOSOTE AND OTHER HYDROCARBONS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HEAT
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Malam at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th May
1870.
I, WILLIAM MALAM, of New Road, Rotherhithe, in the County of
Surrey, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED FURNACE OR APPARATUS FOR CONSUMING CREOSOTE AND OTHER
HYDROCARBONS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HEAT," to be as follows, that is to
say :-
My Invention consists in the construction of an improved furnace
or apparatus for consuming creosote and other hydrocarbons for the
generation of heat in steam engines and other places where creosote or
other hydrocarbons are or may be so employed.
I employ a cast or wrought iron generating pan, with raised edges, of
the full size or width of the furnace, the depth, length, or shape of the
pan or plate depending upon the size of the furnace. At an intermediate
distance, and of the same width as the generating pan or plate, but
projecting one or more inches according to circumstances in front of
the generating plate; I fix a draught box with partitions therein through
which the atmosphere passes to become heated before mixing with the

page_text: gases of the creosote or other hydrocarbon, so as to effect the combustion
and production of heat in an economical manner. In order to regulate
the combustion of the carbonaceous gases I employ a wrought or cast
iron slide door, in wrought or cast iron frames, with suitable grooves for
the doors to work in and properly adjusted. By this arrangement I
obtain the requisite supply of oxygen and produce complete combustion,
an intense heat, and a smokeless furnace. I apply in the upper part of
the said framework cocks and perforated pipes (the number varying
according to the size of the apparatus) for feeding or distributing the
creosote or other hydrocarbon fuel upon the generating pan or plate in a
diffused condition so as to effect the combustion of the fixed carbon.
To complete the combustion I place above the flame a perforated pipe
or tube by which I inject steam or vapour, and thus supply the flame
with an extra quantity of oxygen and hydrogen. The creosote or other
hydrocarbon is conveyed by a pipe or pipes from a tank or reservoir
purposely fixed to suit the apparatus, to which are fitted the means of
supplying the liquid fuel.