IMPROVEMENTS IN MODERATEUR LAMPS
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Urbain Charles Choisnet, of Birmingham, in the
County of Warwick, Lamp Maker, and Charles Emile Giajola, of
Birmingham aforesaid, Lamp Maker, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MODERATEUR LAMPS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Urbain Charles Choisnet
and Charles Emile Giajola at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 16th January 1855.
We, URBAIN CHARLES CHOISNET, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Lamp Maker, and CHARLES EMILE GIAJOLA, of Birmingham aforesaid, Lamp
Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MODERATEUR LAMPS " to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to the lamps called moderateur lamps, and consists of
the following improvements:-Our lamps consist of column lamps capable
of burning eighteen hours. We effect this by making the rack pass across
the piston, hermetically closed by a leather box. We also make the tube which
supplies the oil cross the piston like the rack, the said supply tube being
fixed to the ascention tube of the burner. The piston being thus free, we
are enabled to give it the range of motion necessary to make the lamp

page_text: burn eighteen hours without rewinding. A second rack descending with the
piston engages in a pinion which transmits motion to two fingers, which point
out the hour on a dial, and thus indicate the time. This is done whether
the lamp is burning or not.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Urbain Charles Choisnet and Charles Emile Giajola in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 13th July 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, URBAIN
CHARLES CHOISNET, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Lamp Maker,
and CHARLES EMILE GIAJOLA, of Birmingham aforesaid, Lamp Maker, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of January, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the eighteenth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said Urbain Charles Choisnet and Charles Emile Giajola, Her special
license that we, the said Urbain Charles Choisnet and Charles Emile Giajola,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said
Urbain Charles Choisnet and Charles Emile Giajola, our executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with; and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MODERATEUR LAMPS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that we, the said Urbain Charles Choisnet and Charles
Emile Giajola, by an instrument in writing under our hands and seals, or
under the hand and seal of. one of us, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar. months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Emile Giajola, on behalf of
myself and the said Urbain Charles Choisnet, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained. in and by the following statement
thereof (that is to say)

page_text: Our Invention consists, firstly, of a moderateur lamp capable of burning
eighteen hours without being rewound. This part of our Invention is illus-
trated in Sheet 1 of the Drawings.
Figure 1 represents in elevation (partly in section) a lamp constructed
according to our Invention. A is the cylindrical body of the lamp; B is the
spring which forces down the piston C, and causes the oil to rise to the
burner; the upper and lower extremities of the spring may be made conical,
or the said spring may be wholly cylindrical, as represented. The piston is made
up of the parts represented in Figure 2. C is the metallic part of the piston,
to which the cupped leather is affixed by screwing on the neck of the piece C. a
collar D. A number of discs of leather E are dropped in the centre of the piece
D, and the piece H being screwed on the neck of the piece D secures the whole
together. Before screwing the piece H on the piece D, a collar of leather F and
metal washer G are placed on the piece D. The cupped-leather of the piston
is capable of turning on the piece D; the holes e¹, el, of the leathers E, are
for the purpose of permitting the feeding tube and the rack to pass through.
The rack is represented at I in Figure 3; that face of the rod I in which the
teeth are made is of a semi-cylindrical figure, that is to say, the rack I has
the figure represented at e", Figure 2. The rack, Figure 3, passes through the
piston, as seen in Figure 1; the said rack is raised by turning the key S,
Figure 5, to the right, and is depressed by turning the said key S to the left.
J is a plate affixed to the bottom of the rack I, having an opening J', through
which the feeding tube passes. K, Figure 4, is the feeding tube, the said
tube has a ring. N soldered at its middle; the upper part of the tube passes
through the stuffing box M, which is screwed into the tube Q at R, Figure 5';
the ring L prevents the tube from being withdrawn wholly from the stuffing
box M; and the ring O, at the bottom of the tube, Figure 4, prevents the said
tube from being withdrawn from the hole e' in the leathers E of the piston.
Q is the fixed feeding tube connected with the burner. The action of the lamp
is as follows: Before the lamp is wound up, the piston C, Figure 1, is at the
bottom of the..tube A; the rack, Figure 3; also extends to the bottom of
the tube A, Figure 1, and the tube, Figure 4, is drawn to its full extent out
of the tube Q, Figure 5. On turning the key S to the right, the rack I is
drawn up, and the plate J at the bottom of the said rack, lifts the piston C;;
the said piston C in rising carries upwards the tube Figure 4, the upper-part
K of the said tube sliding in the stuffing box R, Figure 5. When the said
tube, Figure 4, has been raised so far that the ring N on the said tube is
brought against the stuffing. box R, the said tube, Figure 4, can no longer
crise, and the ascending piston now slides on the tube, Figure 4, from O-to N.
.

page_text: When the piston has been raised to its highest point, it bears against the
stuffing box R, the rack I projects out of the top of the. lamp. to a considerable
distance, but by turning the key S to the left, the rack may be made to
descend, the said rack sliding through the piston C, and not carrying the said
piston with it. During the burning of the lamp the piston C is pressed slowly
down by the spring B, the said piston in its descent sliding on the rack I.
The descending piston also carries down with it the tube, Figure 4, until.the
upper part K of the said tube has been withdrawn from the stuffing box R,
and the said tube, Figure 4, can no longer descend, the piston then slides on
the tube, Figure 4, passing from the ring N to the bottom O.
Our Invention consists, secondly, of a moderateur lamp having a dial on
which the time is indicated by fingers moved by the descent of the piston of the
lamp. This part of our Invention is represented in Sheet 2 of the accompany-
ing Drawings. The lamp is shown in elevation in Figure 1, and in section
in Figures 2 and 3. B is the piston, having an opening through which the
rack D passes, and having a feeding tube similar to an ordinary moderateur
lamp. The rack D, by which the piston B is raised, has teeth only on its
upper half, as represented, and the lower part of the rod is cylindrical; the said
rack D is raised by turning the key of the lamp to the right, and after the
lamp has been wound up, the rack D may be made to descend through
the piston B by turning the key of the lamp to the left. It will be seen
by the Drawing, that the rack D is on the side of the lamp opposite to that
on which the rack is situated in the lamp, Sheet 1. E is a plate fixed on the
bottom of the rack D, which said plate raises the piston B when the rack D
is raised. The plate E has an opening, as represented, through which the
feeding tube K passes. The rack D passes through a stuffing box F on the
piston B, the said stuffing box being composed of discs of leather having holes
therein. G is the burner, and H the feeding tube; I, L, the vertical supports
of the burner G; J is a stuffing box, at the bottom of the feeding tube H;
K is the feeding tube, passing through the piston B; M is the support of
the axis N, which said axis carries the pinion by which the rack D is raised,
and the key for winding up the lamp; C is a rack, fixed on the piston B, and
moving with the said piston. The said rack C engages in a pinion P, the said
pinion P being situated on the axis P¹, Figure 3; the said axis P¹, being sup-
ported by the tube Q. As the piston B descends during the burning of the
lamp, the rack C is carried with the said piston, and gives motion to the pinion
P; the motion of the pinion P is transmitted through a series of toothed
wheels to the dial S, where the hour is indicated. The two wheels at the back
of the dial, whereby the motion is transmitted to the hour and minute hand, are

page_text: represented in Figure 4, but as it resembles the arrangement used in the ordi-
nary watch, we do not think it necessary to describe the same. The pinion P is
not fixed on the axis P¹, but is connected therewith by means of a ratchet
wheel and click, the said ratchet wheel and click being so arranged that when
the rack C rises during the winding up of the lamp, a backward motion is not
transmitted to the fingers indicating the time. We sometimes dispense with
the rack C, Figure 2, by the use of a triangular rack represented in Figure 5,
which said rack is fixed to the piston, and has teeth on one edge whereby the
piston may be raised, and has teeth on another edge which engage in a pinion,
and communicate motion to the said pinion, and thereby indicate time on a
dial. The train of wheels, or any other mechanical arrangement whereby
motion is transmitted from the axis P¹ to the dial S, Figure 3, may be dispensed
with, and the dial S be placed at the end of the axis P¹.
Having now described the nature of our said Invention, and the manner of
carrying the same into effect, we wish it to be understood that we do not limit
ourselves to the precise methods herein described, as the same may be varied
without departing from the nature of our said Invention; but we claim as our
Invention,
Firstly, the construction of moderateur lamps in which the parts are con-
structed and arranged as herein-before described and illustrated in Sheet 1 of
the accompanying Drawings.
Secondly, attaching a dial to moderateur lamps, on which said dial the time
is indicated by means of fingers actuated by the descending piston of the lamp,
as herein-before described and illustrated in Sheet 2 of the accompanying
Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Emile Giajola, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Tenth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
30 Witness,
GEORGE SHAW.
CHARLES EMILE GIAJOLA. (L.S.)