Improvements in Apparatus for Burning Hydrocarbon and other Oils.
Year: 1889

page_text: The decision of the Comptroller-General of the 28th day of July 1894, allowed,
under Section 18 of the Patents, &c. Act, 1883, an Amendment of this
Specification.
Date of Application, 7th Dec., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 8th Sept., 1890-Accepted, 11th Oct., 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Burning Hydrocarbon and
other Oils.
I, GEORGE GERRARD, of 75 Lambeth Road, in the County of Surrey, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
:-
My invention relates to that kind or class of apparatus for burning hydrocarbon
and other oils, wherein a coil of pipe is employed for vaporizing the oil; and my
said invention is designed to improve the construction of such apparatus.
An important feature of my said invention consists in surrounding the coil in
which the hydrocarbon or other oil from the tank or reservoir is vaporized and
passes to the nozzle or burner, with a tube, shield or casing which is closed at one
extremity and provided with suitable air holes or apertures and means for
regulating the admission of air through the said holes or apertures to the interior
of the said coil.
My said invention comprises moreover various other improvements hereinafter
set forth.
In carrying my said invention into practice I form upon the extremity of a piece
of pipe a suitable coil and then turn or bend the said, coil into a position parallel or
approximately parallel to the said pipe. Upon the end of that portion of the said
pipe forming the coil I provide a suitable nozzle or burner projecting into the
centre of the latter.. The other extremity of the said pipe is suitably connected to
the tank or reservoir.containing the hydrocarbon or other oil. Round the said coil
I provide a suitable tube, shield or casing closed at the lower, or one extremity,
and open at the upper or other extremity. At a convenient distance from the lower
or closed extremity of the said tube, shield or casing are provided air holes.or
apertures. Over these holes or apertures, and arranged so that it can be moved or
rotated freely upon the said tube, shield or casing, is provided a collar or ring also
provided with holes or apertures corresponding with those in the said tube, shield
or casing. By moving or rotating this collar or ring upon the said tube shield or
casing the holes or apertures in the one can be made to correspond more or less
with the holes or apertures. in the other, and thus regulate the supply of air
admitted therethrough to the interior of the vaporizing coil.
Any other suitable means may however be employed for regulating the said
admission of air.
When starting the apparatus a small quantity of hydrocarbon or other oil is
poured into the above described tube, shield or casing and lighted so as to cause
the necessary preliminary heating of the vaporizing coil.
It will be seen that by forming the vaporizing coil in the manner hereinbefore
mentioned, that is to say, by bending the said coil so that it is placed in a position
parallel or approximately parallel to the pipe upon one extremity of which it is
formed, the hydrocarbon or other oil passing up the said pipe from the tank or

page_text: reservoir will be delivered to the vaporizing coil at the upper extremity thereof,
that is to say, at the hottest portion thus tending to preserve the upper convolutions
of the said vaporizing coil from injury through overheating, and obviating the
rapid deterioration to which the vaporizing coils as hitherto constructed are liable
owing to the hydrocarbon or other oil being fed first into the lower convolutions, or
coolest portion of the said coils, and passing as vapour to the upper convolutions or
hottest portions thereof.
The, hydrocarbon or other oil is fed into my improved vaporizing coil by means
of air pressure produced in the tank or reservoir by means of a band pump, or in
any other well known manner or it may be supplied thereto by gravitation or
otherwise.
My improved vaporizing coil may be used either in a vertical or horizontal
position.
Although I have hereinbefore described a convenient and advantageous method
of carrying my said invention into practice, it is obvious that I can somewhat
modify the construction of my apparatus without however in any way departing
from the nature of my said invention. For instance may form the herein before
described vaporizing coil separate from the oil supply pipe and connect the upper
extremity thereof to the oil supply pipe in any suitable manner.
Dated this 7th day of December 1889.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, Agents for the Applicant.
Improvements in Apparatus for Burning Hydrocarbon and
other Oils.
I, GEORGE GERRARD of 13 Wood Street in the City of Glasgow, Engineer do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in, and by the following
statement :-
My invention relates to that kind or class of apparatus for burning hydrocarbon
and other oils wherein a coil of pipe is employed for vaporizing the oil and my said
invention is designed to improve the construction of such apparatus.
In carrying the invention into practice I (as seen in elevation at Figure 1, in
vertical section drawn to a larger scale at Figure 2, and in plan at Figure 3 of the
annexed drawings.) form on a piece of pipe a coil a, and then preferably turn or
bend the pipe so that the coil is in a position parallel or approximately parallel to
a the pipe b, leading from the oil tank c, and consequently the oil entering the said coil
will be vaporized as it gradually descends through the convolutions of the same although
the coil may if desired be luid so arranged as to lie athwart or at a right or other
angle to the pipe b. On the lower-or onter end an extension of the lowermost con-
volution of the coil a nozzle or burner d, projecting towards the coil is provided, which
nozzle or burner, as more clearly shown in Figure 3, is so disposed as to project the
vapour centrally through the said coil, the other extremity of the coil being connected
to the pipe b, from the tank or reservoir containing the hydrocarbon or other oil.
The coil a, is closely surrounded by a tube shield or casing e, which may be closed
or have a regulated opening at its lower or outer extremity the other extremity
being open in any case. At a convenient distance from the lower or outer
extremity of the casing a series of air holes or apertures f, are made, which apertures
must be below the top of the nozzle or burner, or (when the coil is arranged horizontally)
in rear of the extremity of the said nozzle or burner. Over these holes or apertures
and arranged so that it can be moved or rotated freely upon the tube shield or
casing a collar or ring f1 is situated the said ring being also formed with holes or

page_text: apertures corresponding with those in the casing so that by moving the collar or ring
the holes in it can be made to correspond more or less with the holes in the casing.
thus regulating the supply of air admitted therethrough to the chamber or casing e
and vaporizing coil a, or any other suitable means may be employed for that.
purpose, providing the air is admitted below the level of the top of the nozzle or burner d
or (rhen the coil is horizontal) in rear of the extremity of the said nozzle or burner.
It is better to use only one set of the regulated openings for the admission of air.
By arranging the burner and vaporizing coil as above described, in combination with
the casing and with means for controlling the air-apertures of the mining and burning
chamber formed by the said casing and coil, I am enabled to so adjust the different parts
of the apparatus that the vapour issuing from the burner under pressure will induce a
powerful current of air into the casing or mixing chamber, and the actual ignition of the
mixture of rapour and air will take place at or near the top of the coil, the said mixture
burning with an energetic flame instead of the slow or lazy flame which envelops the coil
when rising directly from the burner, as in some of the lamps heretofore devised.. By the
above described arrangement, I am also enabled to regulate the supply of air in
proportion to the quantity of vapour discharged from the burner d, in such a manner as
to control the heating of the vaporizing coil, so that, while the vaporization of the oil
cill be effectually accomplished, the vapour in the coil will not be decomposed by over-
heating, and consequently no carbon will be deposited on the interior surface of the
said coil.
When starting the apparatus if the bottom of the casing e, is closed a small
quantity of hydrocarbon or other oil is poured into the casing and lighted so as to
cause the necessary preliminary heating of the vaporizing coil or with either
construction of the casing waste or the like saturated with oil may be inserted and.
lighted, for that purpose. The hydrocarbon or other oil passing up from the tank or
reservoir c, through the pipe b, is delivered to the vaporizing coil a, at the hottest
portion thus tending to preserve that portion from injury through overheating, and
obviating the rapid deterioration to which the vaporizing coils in apparatus of this
kind or class as hitherto constructed are liable owing to the hydrocarbon or other
oil being fed first into the lower convolutions or coolest portion of the said coils and
passing as vapour to the upper convolutions or hottest portions thereof.
.
The hydrocarbon or other oil is fed into my improved vaporizing coil by means
of air pressure produced in the tank or reservoir c, by means of a hand pump, or
in any other well known manner or it may be supplied thereto by gravitation or
otherwise.
When air pressure is provided at the interior of the reservoir c, a portion of the
air is or may be used to create a forced draught in the casing e, when starting the
apparatus thereby greatly expediting or accelerating the preliminary heating of
the vaporizing coil a, required before the apparatus can be put into operation. With
this object as seen in vertical section at Figure 4 there is fitted on the upper part
of the tank or reservoir c, a casing g, having in it a way or passage h in addition to
the way or passage i, for the oil. The passage h, is governed by a stop valve j, and
when starting the apparatus and after the ignition of the oil or oily waste in the
casing e, the valve ), is opened and a jet of compressed air from the upper part of
the oil tank or reservoir is thereby permitted to pass through the pipe b, and coil a.
This air escapes through the nozzle d, and ascending through the casing e, creates a
forced draft which causes a violent combustion of the oil or oily waste ignited in
the casing for the preliminary heating and consequently tends to raise the vaporizing
coil very rapidly to a high temperature. When the said vaporizing coil is raised to
a sufficiently high temperature the valve j, is closed and the valve l, governing the
oil supply pipe 6, is opened so as to admit oil from the tank or reservoir c, to the
vaporizing coil a, in the usual manner.
The pressure of air in the oil tank or reservoir may be raised slightly higher than
usual in order to allow for the compressed air thus consumed.
Instead of two stop cocks or valves I sometimes employ a two way cock as seen in
vertical section at m, Figure 5 and in, some instances I provide a small flexible or

page_text: other tube one extremity of which is connected to the upper part of the oil tank or
reservoir, and is governed by a suitable stop cock or valve. When it is desired to
produce a forced draught the free extremity of this tube is passed through one of
the air holes or through any other suitable aperture in the casing e, surrounding the
vaporizing coil.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I wish it understood that I do
not claim generally or irrespectively of my improvements herein set forth, the use of a
vaporizing coil arranged within a tube or casing having regulated openings for the
admission of air to the casing; but in all apparatus of this kind or class as heretofore
made in which the vaporization of the oil is effected by a flame enveloping the raporizing
coil, the coil is liable to be heated to such a temperature as to decompose the vapour and
cause deposits of carbon within the coil, thus rapidly choking the passage through the same;
whilst, by my improvements, I provide for the mixing of the air with the vapour in
regulated quantities in the lower portion of the chamber or casing so that the ignition will
be effected at or near the top of the coil, and, by regulating the admission of air through
the aforesaid openings, the vaporization of the oil may be caused to take place in such a
manner as to effectually prevent any deposit of carbon by over-heating; and I declare
that what I claim is :-
:-
1. In apparatus for burning hydrocarbon and other oils and wherein a vaporizing
coil of pipe for vaporizing the oil is used in combination with a nozzle or burner which
projects the vapour centrally through the said coil, closely, surrounding the said coil with
a tube, shield or casing closed (or having a regulated opening) at its lower or outer
end and having a series of holes for the admission of air the aperture of said holes
being controlled by turning a sleeve placed on the casing and similarly furnished
with holes substantially as described, and for the purposes specified.
2. In apparatus of the class set forth, controlling the vaporization of the oil and
consequently the power of the light by admitting air through regulated openings to a
casing closely surrounding the vaporizing coil substantially as described.
Dated this Sixth day of September 1890.
CRUIKSHANK & FAIRWEATHER,
62, Saint Vincent Street, Glasgow, Agents.