IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING FIBROUS SUB- STANCES FOR COMBING
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Edward Newton, of the Office for Patents,
66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING FIBROUS SUB-
STANCES FOR COMBING."-A communication from abroad by Antoine Louis
Warnery, of Rue St. Sebastien, Paris, in the Empire of France.
Sealed the 6th January 1868, and dated the 19th July 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Edward Newton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 19th July 1862.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING FIBROUS
SUBSTANCES FOR COMBING," to be as follows:-
Before submitting textile matters to the operation of combing or carding it
is necessary to submit the fibrous matter to mechanical action in order. to open,
separate, and' to a certain extent lay parallel the fibres. To effect this object
the textile matters to be prepared are wound upon a cylindrical comb. A
second cylindrical comb, the axle of which is mounted upon. rocking lovers, lays
slightly hold of the fibres wound upon the first comb, and strips them off. The
second comb has a rocking motion upon the axle of the levers which support
it, so as to bring it alternately nearer to or further from the first comb; at each
double oscillation it performs a certain portion of a revolution. The first comb
at the same time also makes a reciprocating movement upon its shaft. The

page_text: effect of theso motions will be to straighten out the fibres, and lay them in a
sheet around the second cylindrical comb. Instead of lapping the sheet of
prepared fibres round the second comb, the fibres may be transferred to a
largo receiving drum behind the second cylindrical comb, and to effect this a
series of bars are placed between the teeth of the comb for the purpose of
pushing the fibres from off the teeth of the combs and transferring them to
the large receiving drum behind, or to a pair of drawing-off rollers, which will
conduct the fibres in the form of a sliver or sheet on to a travelling table.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Edward Newton in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 19th January 1863. .
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-sixth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said William Edward Newton, Her special license that I, the
said William Edward Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, tho said William Edward Newton, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING
FIBROUS SUBSTANCES FOR COMBING," being a communication from abroad, upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said William Edward Newton, by
an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Edward Newton, do hereby
declaro the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by

page_text: the following statement, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say) :-
This Invention of improvements in machinery for preparing fibrous sub-
stances for combing has been communicated to me by my foreign correspondent
in nearly the following terms:-Before submitting a textile matter to the
operation of combing, it is generally necessary, besides using chemical disin-
tegrating processes (and after them, if it has been found requisite,) to subject
it to a mechanical action in order to open, disentangle, and to a certain extent
to render parallel the fibres or filaments of which it is composed, and which
before that operation are ordinarily interlaced or entangled, and in some cases
adhere somewhat together.
In order that the nature of the improvements forming the subject of tho
present Invention may be perfectly understood, let it be supposed, for the sake
of example, that the textile matter to be operated upon, as hereafter described,
be long and entangled, and having little homogeneity, such, for instance, as
waste silk from the recling operation.
.
On referring to Fig. 1 of the accompanying Drawings it will be seen that
the comb or card roller A, which is called the feed roller, and which rotates at
the lowest speed in the direction of the arrow a, receives the sliver of textile
material to be operated upon. The comb card or gill roller B, which rotates
in the direction of the arrow bat a higher relative speed than the card roller A,
is the drawing roller which takes a slight hold of the filaments of the sliver
presented by the card roller A, and draws them forward. The shaft of the
card roller A turns upon fixed bearings, and receives a continuous or inter-
mittent rotary motion in the direction of the arrow a, which is the forward
feed motion; it has also a circular alternating motion combined with the
preceding motion. The comb. or card roller B has a varied intermittent
circular motion, which constitutes the forward and drawing motion in the
direction of the arrow b, it has also a rocking. motion on the shaft c, for the
purpose of allowing during the work of its approaching and receding alternately
to and from the card roller A, with an interval of rest at the points of its
greatest retreat and nearest approach. In order to bring the textile matter
to be operated upon, say, waste silk, between the two cards or combs according
to the required conditions, and to obtain the requisite action of the two
cards or combs upon it, it is necessary (and this is the principle upon which
this improved machinery is based) that there should be a relation (determined
by certain conditions of the work to be performed) between the various
relative positions or distances of the two cards or combs A and B and their
divers motions, rotary, uniform, varied, and intermittent. In order properly to

page_text: determine all the phases of the working to which the waste silk is submitted,
and the relation of the various movements of the cards or combs, take as an
example the time of one oscillation of the card roller B upon the shaft c, say
one revolution or 360° of the shaft of the excentric which causes the card
roller to perform one oscillation.
The substanco to be opened and prepared for combing or more complete
carding may, according to circumstances or cases, be treated in three different
ways, which however all relate to the present Invention.
First case. If the difference of speed between the two surfaces of the
cards is maintained within sufficiently narrow limits, similar to those of the
machines known as drawing frames, the sliver on leaving the card roller A
will be presented to the action of the card roller B, which will draw it out upon
itself, and it will thus merely be rendered thinner, more or less according to
the greater or less difference in the speed of the cards, at the same time that it
preserves a certain degree of consistency. It may be allowed to deposit itself
in successive layers in the teeth and round the card roller B, so as to form a
fresh sliver of sufficient thickness to be taken off on stopping the machine;
or, by employing the means hereafter mentioned, the drawn sliver may be
taken off the card roller B as it is formed, without allowing it to lap over again,
by this means it will form outside this card roller either a sliver or a fresh lap.
Second case. If the difference between the speels of the two surfaces of
the card rollers is very great, say, the card roller B has much greater speed,
the sliver presented by the card roller A will be taken hold of by the card
roller B, which will take it off the card roller A, fibre by fibre, thus the
filaments will be detached from each other, and will not adhere together in any
degree; the sliver can only be reformed by laying the filaments the one over
the other, either on the card roller or away from it, by means which will be
described.
Third case. Supposing, further, that instead of the card roller B there be
a cylinder or prism B¹, (Fig. 7,) having on its periphery a cylindrical
segment, which alone is furnished with card or comb teeth, the remainder of
the surface of the cylinder or prism being of plain wood or metal, and
suppose the feed roller A to revolve at a low surface speed, and within narrow
limits for one revolution of the prism or cylinder carrying the segment B,
then, as in the preceding case, the card part B of the roller will seize the
sliver presented to it by the card A, and at each revolution it will take up
a small portion of the sliver, the fibres of which will be laid upon the plain
part of the cylinder B'; by then allowing the card part of the roller to be
charged. with the disintegrated sliver fibre by fibre, a fresh sliver or lap will

page_text: be formed, the fibres of which will be partly in the card B and partly lapped
round the plain part B'. This latter portion will be of greater or less length,
and will become thinner towards its extremity more or less, according as the
fibres shall be of greater or less length, or more or less uniform. Suppose,
therefore, the sliver to be operated upon to be placed in the cards, as represented
at Fig. 1, that is, already taken hold of by the card B, and drawn out and
forming two slack points y and by the approach of the two cards. Supposing
the conditions of the first case have to be fulfilled, that is to say, a slight
drawing action has to be effected, it may be admitted that during one
oscillation of the card B, that is 360° of the shaft E, Figs. 15, 16, the card A,
Fig. 1, will rotate in the direction of the arrow a in an angular direction 2°,
that is to say, about two-thirds of an inch, measured upon its circumference,
which will be the feed motion; besides this circular motion, and combined
with it, this card will perform on its axis a slight rotary alternating motion,
at the same time the card B will rock upon the shaft c, and be stationary
when furthest from and nearest to the card A; this card will therefore have
a varied, rotary, intermittent motion, which will be the drawing action, and
which will take place during various periods of time, such as the sum of its
angular movements. The lines, ¹, serve to determine the angular move-
ments of the cards at various periods of the work. Fig. 1 shows the first
position; the card roller B has just arrived at the point of its nearest approach
to the card roller A; it will remain in this position whilst the shaft E (Figs. 15,
17, 18), performs an angular movement of 45°; during this time the card A
Fig. 1, will perform a portion of its angular movement, (2° for 360° of the
shaft E,) which may be unnoticed or left out as it is so slight, and also a portion
of its circular alternating motion (15°, say, 'half an inch,) which will cause
to pass from 1 to 2 in the direction of the arrow ; the card B will also
perform a portion of its angular motion in the direction of the arrow b (say,
half an inch,) and the line will pass from 1 to 2'. Under the
action of these movements the slacks y, z, will be drawn through the teeth of
the cards A, B, which will be upon or near the plane passing through their
parallel axes; the sliver will thus be opened, drawn, and prepared for the
work which follows. Fig. 2 represents the relative position of the cards and
sliver after this first period of the work. The shaft E Fig. 15, 17, and 18)
continuing to perform an angular movement of 70°, the card B (Figs 2 and 3)
will recede.from-the card A, but it will during this time have no angular move-
ment upon its axis ; the line ' will maintain the position 21, the card A will
only have its small circular feed motion, which need not be noticed. The
sliver will be drawn between the two cards by their act of separation only,

page_text: and the slack caused by the first drawing operation will thus be taken up.
Fig. 3 represents the new relative position of the cards and sliver. Whilst
the shaft E, continuing its revolution, is performing a further augular
movement of 55°, the card B (Figs. 3 and 4) arrives at the limit of its
oscillation upon the axle C, which separates it from the card A; .it also
receives an axial motion, whereby the line will pass to 3¹; the card A
will resume its rotary alternating motion, and continue its slight feed
motion, the line passing from 2 to 3 in the direction of the arrow c.
During this time the card A will therefore deliver a certain portion of sliver
to the drawing action of the card roller B, which acts upon it by moving
away from the card A, and by reason of the axial motion imparted.to it.
Fig 4 represcuts the new relative positions of the cards and sliver. Whilst
the shaft E is performing a still further. axial notion of 65°, the card B
(Figs. 4 and 5) will remain separated, it will continue and complete its axial
motion, that is, it will move to the extent of nearly two-thirds of an
inch, which with the preceding movements will complete the axial motion;
thus causing the line a. to pass from 3 to 4. The sliver is thus fed forward
by the movement of the card roller A, and the card roller B will draw it by
its axial motion. Fig. 5 represents the new relative positions of the card
rollers and sliver. The shaft E, by an axial motion of 125°, will now
complete its revolution; the card roller B (Figs. 5 and 6) will move towards A
without rotating; will remain at 4'; the card roller A will complete its
slight continuous feed motion; will pass from 4 to 5; the sliver will then bo
slackened at y and a by the approach of the card rollers A and B towards
each other; the position of Fig. 1 being resumed, and the operation continuing
as before for each oscillation of the card roller B, the advance of the feed and
drawing motion being continued, the sliver will be delivered to the card B
which will take it up, and form a fresh and thinner sliver, which will con-
tinue to bo wound on and in the card teeth at each rotation of the card
cylinder B.
I will now proceed to explain, by reference to the Figures as before, the
various phases of the operation of preparation to which a sliver of textile material
is submitted when great drawing action is required, and will afterwards enter
into the third case above mentioned, as the second case may easily be met
by explanations which will be hereafter given. Suppose therefore the card
cylinder A (Fig. 7) to constitute the feed, having the same movements as
in the preceding case, viz., a slight rotary feed motion and an alternating rotary
motion, as above mentioned; the card cylinder B', B, will have a rocking motion
upon the axle C, but this cylinder will only have a portion of its periphery B

page_text: furnished with teeth, and instead of a slight axial motion it will make an
entire revolution for each revolution of the excentric shaft E (Figs. 15, 16,
17, 18). Fig. 7 represents the first position of the work; as in the former
instance, the sliver is held between the two card rollers without tension, but
forming the slack at y and x, which are somewhat less marked than in the
first casc.
The segment B' being in the position shewn, the shaft of the
excentric producing the oscillation will commence its rotation, and describe
an axial motion. The card A (Figs. 7 and 8) during this time will have
imparted to it its small amount of feed motion, and also a portion of its
alternating motion in the direction of the arrow 6, by which means the point *
will pass from 1 to 2. The card cylinder B', B, will also receive a slight
axial motion, and will yet remain close to the card A, thus causing the
point 2' to pass from 1 to 21. The slack sliver will be drawn through the
rows of teeth, which are upon or near tho plane passing through the axes of
the two card cylinders, and will be opened a little under the action of the
teeth of the feed card roller, and will be laid into the teeth of the card B.
Fig. 8 represents the new relative positions of the cards, and of the material
under operation. Whilst the shaft E, Fig. 15, continues its axial motion to
the extent of 60°, the card B', B, (Figs. 8 and 9,) will move away, but it will
not have any axial motion a¹ remaining at 21, the retreating motion alone
of B', B, producing the drawing action. As in the preceding case in the new
position, the sliver is drawn out of the teeth where any slack that might
have been formed is straightened out. Fig. 9 represents the new relative
positions of the card rollers and sliver. The shaft E, Fig. 15, still performing
a partial revolution to the extent of 40°, the card cylinder B', B, Figs. 9 and 10,
completes its oscillation, and arrives at its greatest distance from the card A;
it also rotates until the point passes from 2 to 31. The card roller A,
continues its slight feed motion, and recommences its alternating motion in
the direction of e until the point passes from 2 to 3. The sliver fed by the
card A is drawn by the card B', which acts by its rocking motion, and also by
its axial motion. The card roller B only draws away a portion of the filaments,
which it holds somewhat securely, and which are sufficiently loose in the card
roller A.; the others slide in its teeth, and escaping therefrom are not again
scized until afterwards. Fig. 10 represents the new relative positions of the
cards and the sliver. The shaft E, Fig. 15, continues its rotation and describes
an angle of 115°. The card cylinder B', B, Figs. 10 and 11, retains its
detached position, but it receives during this time an axial motion until the
point passes from 31 to 4¹. The card roller A completes its circular
alternating movement until the point passes from 3 to 4, when the card B¹

page_text: will draw off from the card A the filaments which are retained in its teeth,
and will lap. them upon the cylinder B. Fig. 11 shews the new relativo
positions of the card rollers and the sliver. The shaft E, Fig. 15, makes a
still further axial motion to the extent of 40%, and the card cylinder B¹, B,
Figs. 11 and 12, will commence approaching the card A, which will have an
axial motion imparted to it, so that the point shall pass from 41 to 5¹:
The card A' has no movement but the feed motion imparted to it, by which
the point is brought to 5. The card B' will thus continue to take up the
fibres which it holds, and will continue to lap them round the cylinder B, and
it.will, at the end of a rotation, occupy the same position that it did at the
commencement as regards the plane passing through the axes of the cards,
the difference being that it is still separated from the card A. Fig. 12 shows
the relative positions of the cards and the sliver. On the shaft E completing
its revolution by an axial motion to the extent of 60°, the card cylinder B', B;
Figs. 12 and 13, will be caused to approach the card roller A without having
any axial motion, the point remaining at 5¹. The card A completes its
slight feed motion (the point passing from 5 to 6). On thus approaching
the card A, the card B will force the sliver into the position represented at 1;
Fig. 7, only the card A has advanced a short distance for the feed motion, and
the card B', on accomplishing its revolution, has taken up a small portion of
the sliver; the same operation is then repeated, and the portions of sliver taken
from the card A. are deposited fibre by fibre, and a new sliver or lap is thus formed.
The card. roller B, being furnished with teeth upon its whole surface,
as in the second case, it will now be easy to apply it to the preceeding case.
In fact, the same periods of time will mark the same relations between the
sliver and the positions and movements of the cards, only in the third case the
segment B will be always in the same position after one revolution of the
excentric shaft, as like that shaft it also makes exactly one revolution. In
the present case whilst the conditions of great draught are retained, the
card B, which is armed with teeth on its whole surface, must present successively
at the position 1 the different portions of its surface, .in. order that the
filaments taken off the card A may be laid upon the card B, so as to form;
not a lap, but a regular sliver, as in the first case. For this purpose, instead
of an exact revolution of the card B for each rotation of the excentric shaft,
this card must make a revolution miuus a small fraction, say, for example,
of a revolution. Figs. 15 and 16 shew in elevation and plan or bird's-eye view
a machine for preparing waste silk by a slight drawing action under the con-
ditions above described in relation to the first case. Figs. 17 and 18 are views of
detached parts showing the working of the cards. The drawn-out sliver laps

page_text: round the card cylinder B, and into its teeth, to form a fresh sliver of any given
thickness, which is taken off by stopping the machine, and throwing the card B
out of gear, in order to be, according to circumstances, again operated upon
in a second machine, or taken to drawing machines, to be there formed
into a sliver or roving.
In order to shew the application of his Invention, the Inventor of the
present improvements has chosen this arrangement, which is simple and
complicates the machine in the least possible degree, and which allows (by
reason of its easy change of speeds and excentrics) of the application of the
machine to the study of the three modes of operation for the prepa-
ration of textile matters, above described. The framing M, which is
of cast iron, carries the bearings for the card cylinders and various shafts.
A, represents the feed card, and B the drawing card roller. The cylinders
P, P, P, receive the endless band of india-rubber, which surrounds the
card A, and forces the sliver, and holds it in that card. The cylinder Pii.
receives its motion from the card cylinder, by means of gearing 15, 16, so as
to have the same movement as the card cylinder, which it accompanies. The
tension roller Q of the feed cloth has no movement imparted to it; it only acts
as a tension roller; the endless cloth is driven by its second roller of larger
diameter, which is not been in the Figure. The main shaft E of the machine.
carries the gearing 1 and 2, the excentrics, and the fast and loose pullies.
which are driven by any suitable motor; it also carries the excentric K for
giving differential movement to the card A, and lastly the excentric K' for
giving a rocking motion to the shaft C and card B. The shaft Ficarries a
wheel 8, which gears into the pinion 1, and also the pinion 4, which gears
with and drives a wheel 5, mounted upon the shaft G, upon which is also
mounted a pinion 8. Upon the shaft D is keyed the toothed wheel 14, which:
takes into another toothed wheel 13. Upon a hollow shaft, loosely mounted
the shaft D, are fixed the wheels 7 and the bevil wheel S. The wheel 7 receives
its continuous rotary motion from the pinion 8 (the direction of rotation of
these wheels is shewn by the arrows). d' is a lever arm, set on a hollow shaft,
mounted loosely upon the shaft D, which serves as its point of oscillation; it
carries the bevil wheel S", which serves as an intermediate wheel between
the wheel S and the wheel S', fixed upon the shaft. The wheel S¹, when
the lever arm is fixed, has thus the same movement as the wheel S, only it is
transmitted to it in an inverse direction, i.c., in the direction of the arrow 35,
Fig. 18. If the lever d", which carries the intermediate wheel S", receives an
axial motion in a direction inverse to that of S, the gearing S' will have an
axial motion equal to the axial motion of S, augmented by double the angular
upon

page_text: movement described by the lever; if, on the contrary, the lever
receives
an angular motion in the same direction as that of the wheel S, the toothed
wheel S', and consequently the shaft D will have a movement equal to the
axial motion of the wheel S, minus the double of the angular movement thus
described by the lever by a suitable motion of the lever d". Various move-
ments may during one oscillation be given to the shaft D, and consequently to
the card roller A. Those movements will be intermittent, alternating, varied,
&c. They will be stopped at each rotation of the excentric shaft, only allow-
ing of the forward movement imparted to the card A, by the gearing 1, 2, 3, 4.
The shaft H carries a wheel C, taking into the pinion 2, mounted upon the
shaft E; it carries also a pinion 9, which is in gear with the wheel 10. The
hollow shaft V is mounted loosely upon the rocking shaft C, and turns freely
upon it in the bracket N¹. Upon one of its extremities is rigidly mounted the
wheel 10, and at the other the bovil wheel T. The wheel 10 has therefore a
continuous rotary motion, which would be transmitted equally, but in an
inverse direction to the bevil wheel T' and the wheel 12 mounted upon the
same hollow shaft, which turns loosely upon the shaft C, and driving tho
wheel 11, mounted upon the card shaft of the lever arm e, which carries the
intermediate bevil wheel T", remained stationary; but this lever arm, as well
as the arm du, has angular movements transmitted to it, allowing of this move-
ment being rendered differential, and during one oscillation of the card B
(that is, one revolution of the shaft E,) to vary it, and render. it, if neces-
sary, intermittent, and even alternating otherwise, as with the card A, the
only movement which the card B retains after each oscillation is its angular
advancing movement, which the movement of the lever has not altered
whilst imparting the requisite motion to the card B. It will be observed that
tho wheel B receives an angular alternating motion by its oscillation round
the pinion 12, which must be taken into account in the conditions of the
angular movements to be given to the lever l. J is the shaft or axle of the
levers a, b, and a', b. a, b, are levers receiving motion from the excentric K',
by means of the bowle L, and transmitting the rocking motion which they
receive therefrom to the shaft C, through the lever arm d¹ fixed to that shaft
and the connecting rod c. The shaft C carries also two arms I, which receive
the card A. The levers a, b, receive motion from the excentric K, by means
of the bowle L, and transmit it through the connecting rod c to the lever e,
which carries the bevil wheel T". Jis the shaft of the levers a", "; these
lovers, through the bowle L", receive their motion from the excentric K", and
transmit it by the connecting rod to the lever d", which carries the bevil

page_text: I
The machine is drawn in the position it would assume supposing the card
rollers to be as represented at Fig. 1, and acting upon the sliver under the
conditions above described with reference to Figs. 1 to 6. Thus the excentric
of oscillation K' rotates and keeps the card B in its position during 45°, then
causing the levers a', 6', and d¹ to oscillate, it communicates to the card the
required backward movement, and also the following movements:-The card A
receives its continuous advancing movement by means of the gearing 1, 3, 4,
and the excentric K" by acting upon the levers a", 6", and d", e", transmits.
to that card its alternating motion. The card B receives also its circular
movement through the gearing 2, 6, 9, which is also modified under the con-
ditions above described by the excentric K acting upon the levers a, b, and
d, e. Fig. 1 represents also a brush ³, which may be placed near the card
roller B, and made to rock with it; this brush being caused to rotate by
friction of contact with the card cylinder will serve to lash the sliver into the
teeth of the card cylinder. Fig. 14 represents an arrangement of the machine.
for forming a sliver away from the card roller B. This latter carries rods.
which detach the sliver from the card teeth at a portion of its surface near the
card cylinder or drum B". This drum seizes the fibres, and has them lashed
into its teeth by the assistance of the brush, which it causes to rotate by
friction of contact. The drum B" may either have communicated to it a
varied movement similar and equal to that of the card B, or a continuous
regular rotary motion. In this latter case the movement of the drum will be:
equal to or greater than that of the card B in the time of one oscillation, or.
its movement will be more rapid. In this case the card roller A only is
made to oscillate, giving to it at the same time the required circular move-
ments. Thus, it oscillates upon the shaft C, and with it all the feed motion;
should oscillate, that is to say, the pulleys P, P¹, P", of the endless india-
rubber cloth, the cylinder Q' which holds the sliver against the rubber cloth,
and the tension roller Q of the feed apron. The cylinders and a¹ serve as
supports for the feed apron, which has a slight rocking motion round them.
Fig. 19 represents the same arrangement as that above described. Instead
of the drum B", the rollers 6", Q", are employed, which have the same move-
ments as the card cylinder, and take off the sliver from the bars or rods of the
card cylinder, in order to form a sliver.
From the above description the difference will be readily understood of the
operation upon a textile material in a machine constructed according to this
Invention and the machines hitherto employed for that purpose, the cards of
which have continuous regular movements instead of the varied movements
imparted to them according to this Invention, and which according to circum-

page_text: stances (combined, when requisite, with the periods of approach and separation
of the cards,) will divide the work into moments, during which the cards act
upon the sliver to be prepared under conditions which differ each time, all
these motions acting, however, to open, draw, or divide it, breaking and
knotting the fibres as little as possible.
Having now described the nature of this Invention, as communicated to
me by my foreign correspondent, and having explained the manner of carry-
ing the same into effect, I desire it to be understood that I do not mean. or.
intend to confine myself to the precise arrangement of parts above shown and
described; as they may be varied without departing from the nature and object
of the Invention, the machine above shewn and described being only one
modo of applying the Invention. It may be necessary, therefore, that the
machinery should be varied in its details according to circumstances, and the
different circular, varying, and intermittent motions of the combs or card
rollers modified. The combination of these motions with those which produce.
alternately the advance and receding of the combs or cards may also be:
modified to some extent without departing from the principle and nature. of the
Invention. For instance, if during an oscillation of one or both combs or cards
for the purpose of separating or bringing these latter together with a greater.
or shorter length of time for rest at the end of the traverse, it were proposed
to give to the combs either a circular, alternative, varying, or intermittent
motion, whatever it may be, or in whatever way it may be done, or the move-
ments combined, I should consider such results or combination as coming.
within the principle of the present Invention. I therefore claim as tho
Invention secured to me by Letters Patent,, as aforesaid, the mechanical a
arrangements or means herein set forth, or any mere modification thereof, for
preparing fibrous substances for combing.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Newton, have here--
unto set my hand and scal, this Nineteenth day of January, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-throc.
Witness,
J. W. MOFFATT,
66, Chancery Lane.
W. E. NEWTON. (L.B.).