IMPROVEMENTS IN PENCILS
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Herbert John Haddan, of the Firm of Herbert and
Company, Patent Agents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil
Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PENCILS." A communi-
cation from abroad by Robert Duncan, of New York, United States of
America.
Sealed the 7th December 1877, and dated the 28th June 1877.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Herbert John Haddan at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th June 1877.
"
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Patent Agents,
of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. IMPROVEMENTS IN
PENCILS." A communication from abroad by Robert Duncan, of New York,
United States of America.
The Invention consists of a paint pencil composed of the ingredients herein-after
set forth, and especially adapted by reason of its composition as well as its shape
and construction for marking upon surfaces of almost all kinds, as stone, lumber,
boxes, bundles, paper, etc., whether such surfaces are rough or smooth.
The pencils are formed by taking a quantity of tallow, stearine, or equivalent
greasy substance, and ultimately mixing therewith while in a heated or melted
condition a small proportion of resinous matter and sufficient pigment or coloring
material to give to the mass or compound the tint required in the finished pencils.
The mass is then formed by the use of molds, or otherwise, into sticks or crayons
of the desired size and shape.
A convenient and advantageous shape for these pencils, for ordinary business
purposes, is that of the frustum of a cone having a very slight inclination.
The upper or larger portion of the pencils may be covered with a wrapper of
paper, tinfoil, or other similar material, which will prevent it from soiling the
hand of the user; the wrapper may extend nearly to the point of the pencil, and
may be torn away as the pencil is used up.
I have obtained the best pencils of a black color by mixing, as above described,
about 20 parts by weight of tallow, 1 part by weight of resin, and 1 part by weight
of my black

page_text: For blue colored pencils the same proportions of tallow and resin are used, and
one part by weight of Prussian blue.
For pencils of other colors the amount of pigment to be used with the above-
named proportions of tallow- and resin will vary according to the density and
coloring capacity of the material used.
It is not the intention to limit the Invention to the exact proportions above set
forth of the material named, as I am aware that for the purpose designated there
are equivalents of these materials, and that the proportions named can be varied
and a serviceable pencil produced from the compound.
The pencils made according to the above description are not affected by water,
and when used upon almost any surface the marking cannot be erased without
grent difficulty; they also mark with equal readiness upon a polished or upon a
rough surface. It will thus be seen that they form a cheap substitute for, and are
in many respects superior to, the marking pots and brushes now in common use.
What is claimed as a new article of manufacture is,-
1. A paint pencil composed of tallow and resin, or their equivalents, and the
desired pigments, substantially as described.
2. A paint pencil composed of the ingredients, substantially as described, and
provided with a wrapper of paper, tinfoil, or similar substances, substantially as
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Herbert John Haddan, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.
H. J. HADDAN. (L.S.)