Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd Mar., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 31st Oct., 1888
Complete Specification Accepted, 14th Dec., 188
I, ROBERT DAVY BOWMAN, of No. 80, Lordship Lane, in the County of Surrey,
Electrician, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
:-
My invention relates to improvements in lamps; and is especially applicable to
lamps in which the coarser hydro-carbon oils are to be burnt.
According to my present invention, which is an improvement upon the invention
described in the Specification of Letters Patent No. 1508, Feb. 1st, 1888, I provide
one or more round wick burners. When more than one is used, they are preferably
of different diameters, and arranged concentrically. The oil is led to the burner, or
burners, along a tube or tubes leading from the reservoir. The latter is fixed at about
the same level as the top of the burner.
A. layer of wadding is placed in each burner, and, above the layer, asbestos and
blotting papers.
These two papers are inserted in the burner in the following manner.
I take two strips, one of asbestos paper and the other of blotting paper, lay them one
on the other, and cut the bottom edge in such a way that when the said duplex strip
shall be wound tightly round the inner tube of a burner, the bottom of the paper
annulus produced by such winding shall present a V-edge towards the wadding. The
outer tube is then placed over the paper.
The level of the oil-supply is adjusted so that it shall be delivered in proper
quantity to the wadding, through which and the paper annulus it ascends by
capilliary attraction.
I sometimes, especially when applying a burner constructed as above described to a
lantern, use, according to my invention, the following device for regulating the flow of
oil from the reservoir into the supply tube.
I provide a syphon device consisting of a piece of cotton wick, or equivalent material,
which is laid over a drum provided with suitable gear by which it can be moved upon
its axis. One end of the wick is taken to the bottom of the reservoir and the other
hangs over the mouth of the supply tube. According to the relative level of the end
of wick over the supply tube will be the quantity of oil which will syphon over
the drum.

page_text: When a light of extra brilliancy and penetrative power is required, the construction
described above is modified, for the purpose of achieving the desired result, in the
following manner.
I lead a small tube up the bore of the inner tube of the burner and supply it with
oxygen gas which it is adapted to deliver in a fine stream at about the level of the
top of the wick tube. The oxygen tube is of a diameter small enough to leave an
annular space between it and the burner tube, up which annular space a current of air
flows and mingles with the oxygen as the latter is delivered from its tube. The effect
of this combined air- and oxygen-supply is to prevent the deposition of carbon at or
near the top of the burner.
For a light for ordinary purposes, e.g., for a shop or public hall, the oxygen tube
above described terminates in a flat dome-shaped top perforated round its side, and is
fed with hydro-carbon gas instead of oxygen gas.
Both the burners above described are adapted for use without chimneys of any
kind.
Dated this 23rd day of March 1888.
PHILLIPS & LEIGH,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: 1, ROBERT DAVY BOWMAN, of No. 80, Lordship Lane, in the County of Surrey,
Electrician, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
My invention relates to improvements in lamps; and is especially applicable to
lamps in which the coarser hydrocarbon oils are to be burnt.
According to my present invention which is an improvement upon that described
in the specification of Letters Patent, No. 1508, February 1st, 1888, I adopt substan-
tially the same construction of burner as described in the said specification and add to
it the following devices for the purpose of enabling it to give a light of extra brilliancy
and penetrative power.
I lead a small tube up the bore of the inner tube of the burner; and supply it with
oxygen gas, which it is adapted to deliver in a fine stream at about the level of the
top of the wick-tube. The oxygen tube is of a diameter small enough to leave an
annular space between it and the inner burner tube, up which annular space a current
of air flows and mingles with the oxygen as the latter is delivered from its tube. The
effect of this combined air and oxygen supply is to prevent the deposition of carbon
at or near the top of the burner.
For a light for ordinary purposes, e.g., for a shop or public hall, the oxygen tube
above described terminates in a flat dome-shaped top perforated round its side, and is
fed with hydrocarbon, instead of oxygen, gas.
Referring to the accompanying drawings,
Fig. 1 is a sectional elevation of a lamp constructed according to my present
invention.
Fig. 2 is a side elevation corresponding therewith.
The construction illustrated in these two figures is the one referred to above as
adapted to give a light of extra brilliancy and penetrative power.
Fig. 3 is a sectional elevation of a lamp for the lighting of shops or public halls.
Referring to Figs. 1 and 2, A is the oil reservoir which is kept supplied in any con-
venient way. The supply pipe to it may be, and preferably is, provided with either
the regulator described in the specification No. 15081888 above mentioned, or with
the automatic regular described in my specification No. 47131888
B is a tube continued above the reservoir for a convenient distance. Round this
tube are wound alternately layers b of asbestos and blotting paper. These layers
extend froin the bottom of the reservoir to nearly the top of the tube B, where they
are preferably sloped away therefrom, as shown in the figures.
C is a second tube shorter than the annulus of paper layers, over which it can be
moved through the top of the reservoir, for the purpose of exposing a greater or less
surface of the top part of the annulus, and thereby regulating the size of the flame D.
E is a thumb-bit fast to the tube C, and is provided for the purpose of adjusting the

page_text: position of the said tube. Its shank e works through a tube e¹, the top of which is
necessarily above the maximum level of the oil in the reservoir.
Fis a third tube (shewn in dotted lines) led concentrically up the bore of the tube B,
and terminating in a nozzle at a level with the top of the said tube B. It is supplied
with oxygen gas which enters it at f.
Openings, 9 are formed in the lower part of the tube B for the purpose of
allowing a current of air to flow up the annular space between the tubes C and F.
I find that the oxygen from the tube F is not hot enough to combine with the
carbon of the hydrocarbon vapour; and besides, it unites more readily with the
hydrogen of the hydrocarbon vapour. Now, if the air supply through the openings g
be stopped, the hydrocarbon fame will close in upon the mouth of the oxygen
tube F, and solid carbon will be deposited. But the air-supply being both hot and
constant, the hydrocarbon vapour and flame are prevented from closing in upon the
mouth of the oxygen tube, and the carbon is burnt by the atmospheric oxygen.
The broken line d indicates the shape and extent of the hydrocarbon. flame, and
the dark lines D indicate the scene of union of the carbon with the atmospheric
oxygen.
For a lamp suitable for use in a shop or public hall, the supply of oxygen up
the central tube F is replaced by ordinary coal gas, and the tube itself.terminates at
the upper extremity in a flat dome perforated around its side.
In the modification illustrated in Fig. 3, the oxygen gas may be replaced by
ordinary coal gas. The top of the tube F, instead of being nozzle-shaped as illustrated
in Fig. 1, is provided with a flat dome shaped terminal, of suitable refractory
material, in the side of which is formed a ring of holes which deliver the gas in
lateral jets.
The air current issuing from between the tubes B and C is likewise deflected laterally
by the said terminal, and occupies a middle position between the jets of coal gas issuing
from the terminal and the hydrocarbon vapour d.
Neither of the constructions of lamp described above require chimneys or lamp
glasses of any description.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
1. The combination of round wick burner with a central tube adapted to supply gas
to the flame, substantially as set forth.
2. The combination of round wick burner with a central and an intermediate
annular air passage, the former adapted to supply gas, and the latter air to the lamp-
flame, as set forth.
3. The combination with the flame of an annular burner of a central tube delivering
oxygen gas into the said flame as set forth.
Dated this 31st day of October 1888.