Year: 1888

page_text: 1 ALBERT LOUIS SKINNER of Yonkers in the State of New York, United States of
America, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
This invention has for its object to improve the class of looms described in English
Patent granted to Henry Edward Newton, No. 13684, dated Nov. 10th 1885, by providing
the same with a weft stop motion, which becomes effective to stop the loom in case the
weft or filling thread breaks, or is not correctly supplied.
In accordance with my invention, I have provided the loom, near the shuttle
containing the selvage thread, with an arm or feeler, against which, as the weft carrier
or needle moves into position to pass the loop of weft thread over the point of the
shuttle, the weft thread is pushed, when contained in the needle or carrier, the said
weft thread acting to turn the said arm or feeler, and, through intermediate mechanism,
move it into inoperative position, a device which, if not thus moved, would be acted
upon to release the shipper handle, and thus effect the stopping of the loom.
In the patent before referred to is shown and described a shuttle having a long thin
tail, along which the weft thread slides as it leaves the heel of the shuttle, the said tail
guiding and delivering the said loop of weft-thread to the fell of the cloth.
In practice, this long thin tail has been found objectionable, because of its lack of
strength; so, to obviate this objection, and ensure the formation of a perfect uniform
selvage at that side of the fabric where the double shot of weft is locked by the selvage
thread, I have provided the shuttle with a rigid arm, which is extended from its heel,
this arm having a delivery point, and also co-operating with an arm holder, the function
and purpose of which is to prevent the weft thread, as it is passing along the arm, from
drawing the arm and the shuttle longitudinally toward the selvage, for if the arm was
free to be drawn toward the selvage to any appreciable degree, the selvage would not
be straight and uniform.
Fig. 1 is a partial front elevation of a sufficient portion of a loom, taken in connec-
tion with the above mentioned patent, to enable my present invention to be understood,
the feeding roll of the take-up mechanism and the breast beam being partially broken
out to show parts behind them.

page_text: central part of the loom being broken out to save space on the drawing.
Fig. 3 is a right hand elevation of Fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is a left hand elevation of Fig. 2.
Fig. 5 is an enlarged top view of the shuttle-box, shuttle, and arm holder, removed
from the loom.
Fig. 6 a right hand end elevation of Fig. 5.
Fig. 7 a view of the shuttle and its arm.
Fig. 8 a section of Fig. 5 in the line X*.
Fig. 9 a detail to be described referring to the tension device to nip the weft thread
as it is to be pushed against the "feeler;
and
Fig. 10 is a detail showing the weft thread stretched across the end of the needle N,
to act against and turn the feeler.
Referring to the drawing, the loom frame A, lay L, and its shaft, partially shown in
Fig. 3, cam shaft S, needle M, carriage M', to which it is attached, the connecting
rod Q, the lever Q2, represented by full lines, and operated by a cam Q, shown by
dotted lines, Fig. 3, through a link and lever Q¹, also shown by dotted lines in Fig. 3,
the guide M on which the carriage is reciprocated, the shuttle bed or box T, the
bracket T, on which it is made adjustable, the rigid guide plate T2, the pivotted guide
plate T, both having, at their upper ends, flanges, under and between which pass the
needle M and the shuttles, with the exception of its long thin tail, and the weft tension
increasing clamp or device RR', are all substantially as in the before mentioned patent,
wherein like parts are designated by like letters, so the said parts need not be herein
further specifically described.
The cain Q, herein shown as toothed at. its periphery to form a gear, derives its
motion from a small pinion De on a driving or power shaft D, having usual loose and·
fast pulleys D10 D12 (see Figs. 1, 2, and 3).
The driving belt, not shown, is extended through an eye in the arm D¹³, forming
part of a shipper mechanism, the said arm being attached to a rod D14, free to slide in
suitable guides, as D1 and 2, see Fig. 1.
The rod D has projecting from it suitable pins 3, see dotted lines Fig. 1, which form
a notch in which enters an arm D, forming part of a rock-shaft D, supported in
suitable bearings at the loom side, the said rock-shaft having attached to it the
shipper handle D18, which enters a notched lever-holding plate D1, attached to the
loom side.
The drawing shows the shipper handle in the position it
is running.
will occupy when the loom
The bracket T has, at its underside, suitable ears, see Fig. 1, to receive a short
shaft a², to which is secured the arm or feeler a³, as I shall call it, of the stop-motion
mechanism, the said feeler rising through a slot in the said bracket, and through a
slot a (see Figs. 5 and 8) of the shuttle bed or box T secured thereto, the said feeler
standing opposite the point of the shuttles, so that the needle M, as it is about to pass
the weft-thread w over the up-turned bevelled or diagonally placed point of the shuttle,
will cause the weft-thread, shown by dotted lines Fig. 10, and held between the eye c
and open fork c¹, to be borne or pressed against the feeler a³, and turn it and the
rock shaft a².
Whenever the feeler is so pressed back by the weft-thread, the loom will continue to
move, but in case the weft is absent, and does not push back the feeler, the loom will
be stopped, as will be described.
Just at the time that the weft-thread meets the feeler a³, as described, the weft-
thread is checked, or subjected to an extra nip or tension, so that the weft-thread,
when it comes to the said feeler, will be checked for an instant, so that it cannot run
through the tension device, which may be of any usual construction.
To effect this nipping of the thread, the tension lever R¹ is acted upon by a spring
arm mounted upon a stud 63 of a plate R, attached to the guide M².
One end of the said arm 62 has jointed to it a rod 6, which is extended along the
guide M³ at a point inside the loom-frame, where the said rod is provided with an arm 66,

page_text: which, as the carriage M', arrives nearly at its furthest inward movement, strikes the
said arm 65, and turns the spring arm 62, causing it to travel along in contact with the
lever R¹, thus increasing the tension on the weft-thread, the said arm and its actuating
devices constituting a tension-increasing device or clamp.
The rock-shaft a² has depending from it an arma, to which is pivotted a rod a²,
having at its inner end a loop or eye a³, which is seated loosely upon an arm of a
rock-shaft a, having a second arm a", provided with a finger, see dotted lines Fig. 2
and full lines Fig. 1, which is extended behind the shipper handle D18.
In practice, the friction of the shipper-handle in the notch 10 of the plate D" is.
sufficient to enable it to normally keep the inner end of the arm a lifted, and also to
enable it to sustain the weight of the loop as and rod a².
The loop a has extended through it a rod a, having near its upper end a hook, sec
Fig. 1, and a pin or projection 16.
The rod a4 is jointed to one end of a lever a¹s on a short rock-shaft a", having its
bearings in a stand a", the said rock shaft having an arm a18, provided at its end
with a suitable lug or projection, which is acted upon in succession by one of the
pins a (see dotted lines) attached to the inner side of the cam Q, there being, as hercin
shown, three such pins, for the cam Q is made to actuate the needle M three times
during each rotation of the shaft S.
If the weft thread w is present in the needle, as in Fig. 10, and acts upon the
feeler a³ to turn it and push the loop as to the right, viewing Fig. 1 just as the hook
rod a.is pulled down as described, then the outer end of the loop a will be carried
out from the path of movement of the hook rod, so that the loop as will not be struck
ly the said hook rod, and the arm a will not be depressed, but should the feeler not
be pushed back by the weft w, then the hook of the rod a will, in its descent, strike
the loop as, and through it depress the arm a³, and effect the release of the shipper-
liandle from its holding notch in the plate D, enabling the rod D" to be turned in
usual manner to move the shipper, io transfer the usual driving belt upon the loose
pulley, or to effect the stopping of the loom or its driving power.
The shuttle at its heel, has attached to it a rigid arm 2, having a discharging
point 24 and a shoulder 25, a neck 26 falling between the shoulder and point.
The neck 26 enters a hole in an arm-holder S² attached to a suitable guide S³
secured to the loom frame.
The shoulder 25 of the shuttle arm rests against one side of the arm-holder, and
co-operating therewith, prevents such movement of the shuttle or arm-holder as would
result in the formation of an uneven selvage, as would be the case were the arm or
extension flexible, as in the shuttle described in the said patent.
The feeding roll e, over which is led the woven carpet, after passing beyond the
breast beam (such a feeding roll as is ordinarily used in looms for weaving Moquette
and other carpets), has at one end a toothed gear e¹, which engages a pinion e
attached to the hub of a ratchet-wheel e³, free to be rotated on a stud e, extended
from the loom side, the said ratchet-wheel being engaged and moved step by step by
a pawl e adjustably attached to an arm e" of a rock-shaft e', having its bearings in a
suitable standes, secured to the loom side, the said rock-shaft, at its opposite end,
having an arm e, to which is adjustably attached by a stud el, a connecting rod e¹²,
which, at its upper end, is adjustably attached to an arm e¹³ secured to the rock-shaft
of the lay L, the pawl being moved in unison with the lay, and rotating the ratchet
wheel e to effect the take-up of the carpet or other material being woven.
The detent e, weighted at one end, engages the wheel e, and prevents retrograde
motion thereof, the pawl e being normally held pressed toward the ratchet-wheel e³,
so as to engage its teeth by means of a suitable spring e¹³.
The stud e, at the left hand end of the loom, has mounted upon it. a pawl controlling
lever el, one end of which embraces the pawl e, the upper end of the said lever
projecting, as shown in Fig. 4, above the breast beam, where it has a handle, as e",
which may be engaged and moved, by the operator in the direction of the arrow, see
Fig. 4, when it is desired to stop the operation of the pawl and of the take-up,

page_text: as is frequently necessary, as for instance, when a wrong row of tufts has been inserted,
or other error has been made in the weaving.
When the loom is stopped as described, the take-up is permitted to turn backward
to enable the "fell" of the fabric to be brought into correct position for the insertion
of the next pick.
This may be readily done whenever the pawl and detent e' are disengaged from the
ratchet-wheel.
The loom herein described is provided, under the breast-beam, with a rod f², which
slides in suitable bearings, the said rod being surrounded by a spring, as f³, which acts
against the loom side, and against a collar, as f₁, see Figs. 1 and 2, the spring
normally acting to force the rod toward the shipper-handle.
The operator can move the lever e¹ to disengage the pawl from tho ratchet
wheel e³ only when the loom is stopped, and in moving the lever in the direction of
the arrow upon it in Fig. 4, its upper arm is brought immediately opposite the end of
the rod f, so that when the loom is again started, the operator, by taking hold of the
shipper handle D18, and moving it in the direction of the arrow immediately above it
in Fig. 1, causes the said shipper-handle to act against the end of the rod f², force
the said rod in the direction of the arrow 30, see Fig. 1, compress the spring f³, and
cause the end of the rod just back of the upper arm of the lever e¹, to force the said
lever out of the holding notch e20, thus permitting the spring e io resume control of
the pawle³, and draw it toward and into engagement with the ratchet-wheel e³, the
pawl, in its movement, also turning the lever e¹, so, that its upper end travels in a
direction opposite the arrow 32.
In this way, it will be noticed that the movement of the shipper-handle, to start
the loom, also throws into operative engagement the devices for operating the take-up,
so that the latter will be correctly started whenever the loom is started.
I have omitted from the drawing many parts which are fully shown in the patent
referred to which parts will be used in connection with the parts herein described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the sanie is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In a loom in which a needle to introduce the weft is employed, the combination
of the following instrumentalities, viza shuttle, a shipper, the weft feeler, inter-
mediate connecting mechanism between the feeler and shipper lever, the weft carrier
or needle, a tension device for the weft-thread, and means to temporarily increase or
augment the tension on the weft thread, as the latter, held by the weft carrier or
needle, is pushed against the feeler, substantially as described.
2. The weft carrier or needle, the shuttle containing a thread to lock the loop of
thread presented by the said needle, and a shipper-lever handle, combined with a
weft feeler a³, and with intermediate mechanism between it and the shipper-handle,
to effect the release of the shipper-handle when the weft fails, substantially as
described.
3. The shipper-handle, its notched holding plate, the lever a, and rock shaft a¹,
having an arm a¹, provided with a projection to engage the shipper handle, the loop
or slide piece a, supported by the lever a, the weft feeler a³, and means to connect
it with the said loop, combined with a hooked bar, and with means to operate it,
substantially as described.
4. The guide bar M², the carriage thereon, its attached weft-carrier or needle,
tension device, and spring arm 62, combined with a rod having an arm which is acted
upon by the carriage as the latter arrives at the end of its inward movement, to effect
the temporary nipping of the weft thread, substantially as described.
5. The combination with the guide M², a carriage thereon, a weft carrier or needle,
and a shuttle provided with a rigid arm having a neck and a delivery point, of an
arm-holder loosely engaging the rigid arm of the shuttle to operate, substantially as
described.

page_text: 6. The ratchet wheel of a take-up mechanism, the pawl to move it, and means
to actuate the said pawl, and a lever to disengage the said pawl from the said ratchet-
wheel, and a rod ", combined with the shipper lever handle, to actuate the said rod,
to release the lever, and ensure the engagement of the pawl with the ratchet-wheel,
whenever the shipper-handle is moved to start the loom, substantially as described.
7. The combination with a guide bar, a carriage, a weft carrier or needle thereon,
a shuttle having a thread to lock the weft-thread, and a shipper-handle, and notched
plate to hold it, of a weft feeler and intermediate mechanism, substantially as described,
forming a weft stop motion, the feeler being adapted to be moved by the thread held
by the weft-carrier or needle, substantially as described.
8. The weft-carrier or needle provided with the eyes or notches at its inner end to
support the weft-thread at two points, a shipper-lever, and a shuttle having an upturned
point, combined with a weft fecler, as a³, located opposite the point of the shuttle, and
in the line of movement of the weft carrier or needle, whereby the weft thread of the
carrier or needle is made to act against the feeler, preparatory to passing the weft
thread over the point of the shuttle, and intermediate mechanism between the said
feeler and shipper, substantially as described.
NEWTON & SON,
Agents for the Applicant.