IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF SURFACE CONDENSERS FOR MARINE AND LAND STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Jack, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND
ARRANGEMENT OF SURFACE CONDENSERS FOR MARINE AND LAND STEAM
ENGINES."
Sealed the 21st December 1860, and dated the 11th July 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Jack at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th July
1860.
I, JAMES JACK, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF SURFACE CONDENSERS FOR MARINE AND LAND
STEAM ENGINES," to be as follows:-
The object of my improvements in the construction and arrangement of
surface condensers is the production of a metallic surface and cold water
condenser by which the steam from the cylinders in steam engines, after
passing through the feed water heater (described in Patent granted to me as
of date the 14th October 1859, and numbered 2345), shall be thoroughly
condensed, and the salt water used for feeding the boilers reduced in density.
In a suitable casing placed under the water line and supply respectively for

page_text: marine and land purposes is stepped a vertical shaft, on which are affixed
arms, vanes, or similar mechanical arrangements, having a screw like shape
and action when in motion, and a number of vertical tubes opening into
chambers at the top and bottom. The steam from the cylinders is admitted at
the top, and condensed in its passage to the lower chamber by contact with
the cold surface of the tubes; these tubes are kept cool by a constant supply
of cold water either from pressure when placed under the supply, or from a
pump, and by the agitation or circulation caused by the arms or vanes being
put in motion, say by toothed or friction wheels or other coupling to the
engine, and which serve to carry upwards and throw off or into the boiler the
heated or surface water in the condenser.
A second modification may be arranged with the vertical shaft, hollow or
surrounded by a casing, leaving an annular passage, which admits the steam to
the inside of longer arms, screws, or vanes, and to a chamber at the bottom of
the condenser.
Another modification has syphon-shaped tubes placed horizontally or
vertically in a casing also placed under the water line or supply, and with or
without the agitator.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Lotters Patent
filed by the said James Jack in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
10th January 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
JACK, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eleventh day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-fourth year of Her reign, did, for
Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said James
Jack, Her special licence that I, the said James Jack, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said James Jack,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF SURFACE CONDENSERS FOR MARINE AND LAND

page_text: STEAM ENGINES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said James
Jack, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Jack, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement (that is to say):-
:-
The object of my improvements in the construction and arrangement of
surface condensers is the production of a matallic surface and cold water
condenser by which the steam from the cylinders in steam engines, after
passing through the feed water heater (described in Patent granted to me as
of date the 14th October 1859, and numbered 2345), shall be thoroughly
condensed, and the salt water used for feeding the boilers reduced in density.
In a suitable casing, placed under the water line and supply respectively for
marine and land purposes, is stepped a vertical shaft, on which is affixed
arms, vanes, or similar mechanical arrangements, having a screw-like shape
and action when in motion. Surrounding the above arms or vanes are a
number of vertical tubes, opening into chambers at the top and bottom. The
steam from the cylinders is admitted at the top, and condensed in its passage
to the lower chamber by contact with the cold surface of the tubes; these
tubes are kept cool by a constant supply of cold water, either from pressure
when placed under the supply, or from a pump, and by the agitation or
circulation caused by the arms or vanes being put in motion (say, by toothed
or friction wheels, or other coupling to the engine,) and which serve to carry
upwards and throw off or into the boiler the heated or surface water in the
condenser.
A second modification may be arranged with the vertical shaft hollow or
surrounded by a casing, leaving an annular passage, which admits the steam
to the inside of long arms, screws, or vanes, and to a chamber at the bottom
of the condenser, or open to the cold water under the ship's water-line, or
otherwise.
These improvements will be more clearly understood reference being had to
Sheet No. 1 of the Drawings accompanying this, and to the letters marked
thoman

page_text: Fig. 1 shews a vertical section of a surface condenser, with cold water
agitator and condensing tubes; Fig. 2, a plan of the same: Fig. 8, a vertical
section of a surface condenser with a hollow cold water agitator.
In Figs. 1 and 2, a represents the casing; b, the tubes receiving (through
the feed water heater) the exhaust steam at c, which is condensed in its
passage to d, and drawn off by a pump at e; f, the cold or condensing water
agitator, receiving the cold water g into the condenser proper at h; i, the
outlet for the condensing water g. When the condenser is placed under the
water line and supply respectively for marine and land steam engines,
the agitator may be used to throw the water into the boilers or elsewhere;
or one pump may force or draw the cold water through the condenser.
In Fig. 3, a represents the casing; 6', an annular passage for the exhaust
steam to the hollow agitator c; d', the spiral steam passage; e', the outlet
passage for the condensed steam; f', the cold water which is supplied to the
condenser at g', and raised, forced, or drawn off at h'.
In Sheet No. 2 of the Drawings accompanying this Specification, Fig. 4
represents a vértical section of my improved arrangement of surface condenser
with bent or syphon-shaped tubes. Fig. 5, a section of part of a surface
condenser with my improved perforated plate attachment, through which the
condensing water is allowed to fall on horizontal tubes; Fig. 6 a section of
part of a surface condenser, shewing my improved packed expansion joint,
suitable where the tubes are made fast to their plates; and Figs. 7, 8, and 9,
are also sections of parts of surface condensers illustrating three different
expansion springs or junctions suitable where the tubes are made fast to their
plates. In all the views the same letters of reference represent the same or
equivalent parts. ; shews the casing; k, the tubes; 4, the condensing or cold
water space; m, the perforated water plate; n, the expansion-joint packing
and expansion springs, composed of india-rubber, steel, copper, or other
material, and which may be applied to surface condensers at present in use at
a trifling cost. The tubes and springs in all cases can be used vertically or
horizontally, and with steam or water in the tubes.
Having now described the nature and particulars of my said Invention,
and the mode of carrying the same into use, I would have it distinctly under-
stood that I do not confine myself to the precise details laid down in the
foregoing in part recited Letters Patent, as such arrangements may be s
variously modified, such as using all the improvements in one condenser, using
a different combination of the various parts shewn in the Drawings, or any
part of them, in connection with condensers as at present constructed; but

page_text: what I claim as my Invention, and which to the best of my knowledge and
belief has not been hitherto used within the realm, is the construction and
arrangement of apparatus herein described, and illustrated in the accom-
panying Sheets of Drawings, all for the purposes set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Jack, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-second day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty.
In the presence of
JOHN THOMSON KING, Patent Agent,
4, Clayton Square,
Liverpool.
JAMES JACK. (L.B.)