IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF AXLES AND BOXES OF CARRIAGES FOR COMMON ROADS
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Emery, of No. 6, King Street, St. James's
Square, in the City of Westminster, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
AXLES AND BOXES OF CARRIAGES FOR COMMON ROADS."
Sealed the 28th April 1857, and dated the 14th November 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Emery at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th November 1856.
I, RICHARD EMERY, of No. 6, King Street, St. James's Square, in the City
of Westminster, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
AXLES AND BOXES OF CARRIAGES FOR COMMON ROADS," to be as follows, that is to
say-
My Invention consists in so constructing the axles and boxes of a common
carriage that there be a bearing paralell to the axis on both ends of the box,
but that the inner bearing be of larger diameter than the outer bearing. Each
of those bearings are composed of a composition metal differing from that of
which the box itself be made, and are composed either of gun metal, or simple
tin, or any other composition of tin, bismuth, and antimony, or any of the
known compositions known by the name of antifriction metals. Out of either

page_text: of the above compounds or simple metals I form collars or bushings, and shrink
or screw them into each end of the axle box, the ends of such bushings to be
sufficiently large to allow a collar on both ends of the axle to play and wear
ngainst, so as to receive all lateral shocks given by the irregularities in the
road to the wheels. The axle being taper from the larger to the smaller
bearing, although the bearings are paralell to the axis, yet there is a spaco
between the axle and box to hold oil for lubricating both the bearings and
collars. What I claim is, the bushing of the axle box at both ends, in the
form and manner above described, with either the simple or compound metals
in connexion with the two paralell bearings and collars, as described,
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Richard Emery in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
12th May 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RICHARD
EMERY, of No. 6, King Street, St. James' Square, in the City of Westminster,
in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the twentieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Richard Emery. Her special licence that I. the said Richard Emery, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as 1, the said Richard
Emery, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION
OF AXLES AND BOXES OF CARRIAGES FOR COMMON ROADS," upon the condition,
(amongst others) that I, tho said Richard Emery, my executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describo and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of tho said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Richard Emery, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-

page_text: formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, that is to say :-
My Invention consists in so constructing the axles and boxes of carriages
for common roads that the wear on the bearings of such axles and boxes be
uniform, and that the lateral lashing against the back and front of such boxes
be provided for in a better, cheaper, and more simple way than is common in
axles and boxes of the present known constructions.
The principal improvement in my new form of axles and boxes, and axle
arms, is,
Firstly, in having the front and back bearings parallel with the axis of the
axle, or, in other words, parallel with a center line drawn through the axle
bearings, which parallel bearings, although of different diameters, yet the
wearing of the box and bearing will be always uniform, the surfaces being
equal both in the bushing for the bearing in the axle box and the bearing part
of the axle arm.
Secondly, in constructing the axle boxes of any known or suitable metal
and bushing them with a different metal from that which the box is made of,
which metal may be either hardened steel, or iron case-hardened, or brass, of
any proportion of mixed metals, or of any of the known compounds, known as
antifriction metals, made from the combination of zine, tin, copper, bismuth,
or antimony, any or either of them in any proportion best suited to the
purpose. These bearings may, if of steel, or case-hardened iron, or hard
compositions, be screwed or driven into their places, or shrunk in, or be
run in if of the softer compounds or simple metals. The form of these
bushings at each end to be such as to receive the lateral lashings or shocks
given by the irregularities in the roads to the wheels, the collar at the back
and nut in the front working against the bushings to receive such lateral
blows.
The annexed Drawings represent the general form and construction of my
improvements in axles and boxes.
Fig. 1 is a form of axle box A, A, A, A, made of any suitable metal, cast
or wrought, and in two halves, if necessary, or in one casting. In each end of
this box are annular recesses or reveals concentric to the axle, in which are
placed the bushings B, B, B, B, to receive the lateral wear of the collar or
nut C, and the collar at the back of the axle arm D; E, E, the taper part of
the axle arm, around which is an oil chamber; F is the front parallel bearing,
and G, the back parallel bearing, so that whatever play the axle may have,
the diameters being the same, the wear the same, and always a permanent
bearing.

page_text: Fig. 2 is another form, somewhat different from the one shewn in Fig. 1,
but marked with the same letters of reference.
Claim. What I claim as of my Invention is, the parallel bearings at both
ends of the axle arms; and also the form and arrangement of bushings of
either or any of the simple or compound metals, as fully shewn in the
Drawings, and set forth in this Specification.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Emery, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twelfth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
RICHARD EMERY. (L.B.)