IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARRIAGE AXLES
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jabez Lones and Charles Vernon, and Edward Holden
and Ralph Bennett, trading as Lones, Vernon, and Holden, of Sandwell
Iron Works, Smethwick, in the County of Stafford, Manufacturers, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF
CARRIAGE AXLES.”
Sealed the 29th October 1878, and dated the 10th May 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jabez Lones, Charles Vernon,
Edward Holden, and Ralph Bennett at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents on the 10th May 1878.
JABEZ LONES and CHARLES VERNON, and EDWARD HOLDEN and RALPH
BENNETT, trading as Lones, Vernon, and Holden, of Sandwell Iron Works,
Smethwick, in the County of Stafford, Manufacturers. IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARRIAGE AXLES."
Our Invention consists of the construction and arrangement herein-after described
of the parts of machinery for the formation of the central collar of carriage axles,
and also for perfecting the figure of the front and back collars on either side of the
said central collar.
The said central collar is formed solid to or in one piece with the partly made
axle by upsetting or compressing a "round" or enlarged part formed near the arm
of the axle, the said upsetting or compressing of the said round or enlarged part to
form the central collar, and the perfecting of the front and back collars being effected
by tools and apparatus constructed and worked according to our Invention in the
following manner :- -We use two pairs of dies or tools carried in tool holders. The
front pair of tools consists of a stationary bottom tool and a moveable top tool, the
said top tool having a vertical motion to and from the bottom fixed tool. The tools
of the back pair are both capable of sliding horizontally to and from the front pair,
and the top tool of the said back pair is also capable of a vertical motion to and
from the bottom tool. The said horizontal sliding back tools are supported on a

page_text: slide on the bed of the machine. The top tools of the two pairs of tools being
opened or lifted from the bottom tools, the partly made and heated axle is intro-
duced between the said open tools. By the descent of the top tools the partly made
axle is gripped between them and the lower tools, the "round" or enlarged part
being situated between the inner opposed faces of the two pairs of tools. The tools
of the back pair now make their advance motion towards the front pair. The
"round" or enlarged part of the axle is thereby upset or compressed between the
opposed faces of the two pairs of tools, and the central collar formed on the axle,
the shape of the front and back collars on either side the central collar being at the
same time perfected. The central collar thus made may be finished in the ordinary
or any convenient manner.
As soon as the upsetting or compressing action has been effected upon the partly
made axle, the top tools of the two pairs of tools rise from their respective bottom
tools, thereby releasing the partly made axle, and the sliding tools of the back pair
make their retiring motion. The partly made axle is now removed from the tools
and another bar with a "round" upon it substituted therefor.
The top tool of the front pair is carried by a weighted lever, and is opened and
closed at the proper times by the operation of a cam or eccentric on the shaft of the
machine acting upon the said weighted lever. The top tool of the back pair is
opened and closed by means of a levor crank and connecting rods worked from the
shaft of the machine, the said lever and other parts operating a toothed quadrant,
and the latter through an excentric toothed wheel and connecting rod operating the
top dic. The advance motion of the back-sliding tools is effected by a cain on the shaft
of the machine acting upon the said tools through the intervention of a "breaker"
or "breaking" bar. The return or back motion of the back pairs of tools is effected
by a weighted lever connected with the slide carrying the said tools.
"

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Jabez Lones, Charles Vernon, Edward Holden, and Ralph Bennett
in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 1st November 1878.
JABEZ LONES and CHARLES VERNON, and EDWARD HOLDEN and RALPH
BENNETT, trading as Lones, Vernon, and Holden, of Sandwell Iron Works,
Smethwick, in the County of Stafford, Manufacturers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARRIAGE AXLES."
Our Invention consists of the construction and arrangement herein-after described
of the parts of machinery for the formation of the central collar of carriage axles,
and also for perfecting the figure of the front and back collars on either side of
the said central collar.
The said central collar is formed solid to or in one piece with the partly made
axle by upsetting or compressing a "round" or enlarged part formed near the
arm of the axle, the said upsetting or compressing of the said "round" or enlarged
part to form the central collar, and the perfecting of the front and back collars being
effected by tools and apparatus constructed and worked according to our Invention
in the following manner-We use two pairs of dios or tools carried in tool holders.
The front pair of tools consists of a stationary bottom tool and a movable top tool,
the said top tool having a vertical motion to and from the bottom tool. The tools
of the back pair are both capable of sliding horizontally to and from the front pair,
and the top tool of the said back pair is also capable of a vertical motion to and
from the bottom tool. The said horizontal sliding back tools are supported on a
slide on the bed of the machine. The top tools of the two pairs of tools being
opened or lifted from the bottom tools, the partly made and heated axle is intro-
duced between the said open tools. By the descent of the top tools the partly made
axle is gripped between them and the lower tools, the "round" or enlarged part
being situated between the inner opposed faces of the two pairs of tools. The tools
of the back pair now make their advaance motion towards the front pair. The
"round" or enlarged part of the axle is thereby upset or compressed between the
opposite faces of the two pairs of tools and the central collar formed on the axle,
the shape of the front and back collars on either side the central collar being at the
same time perfected. The central collar thus made may be finished in the ordinary
or any convenient manner.
As soon as the upsetting or compressing action has been effected upon the
partly made axle the top tools of the two pairs of tools rise from their respective
bottom tools, thereby releasing the partly made axle, and the sliding tools of tho
back pair make their retiring motion. The partly made axle is now removed from
the tools and another bar with a "round" upon it substituted therefor.
The top tool of the front pair is carried by a weighted lever, and is opened and
closed at the proper times by the operation of a cam or excentric on the shafts of
the machine acting upon the said weighted lever. The top tool of the back pair is
opened and closed by means of a lever, crank, and connecting rods, worked from
the main shaft of the machine, the said lever and other parts operating a toothed
quadrant, and the latter through an eccentric toothed wheel and connecting rods
operating the top die. The advance motion of the back sliding tools is effected
by a cam on the shaft of the machine acting upon the said tools through the inter-
vention of a "breaker" or "breaking bar." The return or back motion of the
back pair of tools is effected by a weighted lever connected with the slide carrying
the said tools.
We will now proceed to describe with reference to the accompanying Drawings
the manner in which our Invention is to be performed.
Figure 1 represents in side elevation, Figure 2 in front elevation, and Figure 3
in longitudinal vertical section taken on the dotted line A, A, Figure 2 and
Figure 4 in plan, a machine to be used in the manufacture of carriage axles, the
said machine being constructed according to our Invention.

page_text: Figure 5 represents a front elevation, partly in section, of the back pair of tools
and parts connected with them.
>>
Figure 6 represents in vertical section the two pairs of dies or tools of the machine
detached, drawn to a larger scale, with a partly inade axle gripped between them;
and Figure 7 represents the same after the tools have operated upon the "round
on the axle, and fashioned the central collar therefrom, and perfected the figure of
the front and back collars. In the said Figure 6 the "round" or enlarged part
which is formed in the ordinary way near the arm of the axle, and from which
the central collar and back collar are made is marked b, 62, and the central collar
made from a portion of the said "round" is marked b, and the back collar made
from another portion of the said round is marked 6 in Figure 7. The front
collar is marked bs in Figures 6 and 7.
The parts of the machine are constructed, and arranged, and worked as follows,
the same letters of reference indicating the same parts in the several Figures of the
Drawings:
--
fg, represent the front pair of dies or tools, carried in the tool holders ƒ³, g², and
h, i, represent the back pair of dies or tools, carried in the tool holders h², ; g is
the stationary bottom tool and f the moveable top tool of the front pair of tools f. g.
The said moveable top toolf has a vertical motion to and from the fixed bottom
tool g. The top tool holder f bears against the cross bar c, and is guided in its
vertical motion by the guide pins d, d, fixed to the said tool holder f2, and working
in holes in the bottom tool holder gå (see Figure 2). The rising and falling motion
of the top tool holder and its tool f, f, is effected by means of the beam or strong
lever k, turning on the centres or trunnions k², k². To one end of the said beam or
lever the tool holder f' is connected by the link ³.
The opposite end of the said beam & is operated upon to give the descending
motion to the link ³ and tool holder f" by means of the cam * on the shaft 7 of
the machine, acting upon the roller on the beam k. The return motion of the
beam and parts connected with it is effected by the weight ke on the cam end of
the said beam, as represented.
The back tools h, i, and their holders are capable of sliding horizontally to and
from the front tools f, g, and the top tool h of the back pair is also capable of a
vertical motion so that its front or acting end may open from or close upon the
bottom back tool i. The bottom tool holder is furnished with a dovetail which
works in a dovetail slide m on the bed of the machine (see Figure 5). The rear
end of the top tool holder h of the back pair of tools is supported upon pins at the
rear end of the bottom tool holder 2, so that the two back tools and their holders
are carried together in their horizontal motion to and from the front pair of tools.
The mechanism for opening and closing the top tool h of the back pair h, i, is
carried on the sides of the two tool holders h², 2, and consequently travels with
them (see Figures 1 and 5).
The sliding horizontal motion of the back pair of tools h, h³, i, 2, to and from
the front pair of tools f. f, g, g², is effected by the following mechanism:-On the
shaft of the machine is a crank plate n to a crank pin n³, on which the crank
rod ns is jointed at one end. The other end of the said crank rod n³ is jointed to
one end of the oscillating lever n', working on the centre n³. To the opposite end
of the lever n* a connecting rod ne is jointed, and the lower end of the latter rod is
jointed to the crank n', on the axis of which is a toothed quadrant p. On either
side of the two tool holders h³, 12, is a side link p². The tops of the said links p³, p²,
are connected to the top tool holder h² by an axis 23, and the bottoms of the said
links p, p, are connected to the lower tool holder in the following manner:-An
axis p working in the tool holder 2 carries at one end a pinion p³, on the face of
which is an excentric or crank pin, and on the other end of the said axis p' is a
similar excentric or crank pin. The said excentrics or crank pins work in the
lower ends of the side links p, p. The pinion p³ gears with the toothed quadrant p.
By the oscillating motion of the lever n', effected through the crank plate n and
crank rod n³, motion through the required angle is communicated through the rod no,

page_text: crank n, and crank axis to the quadrant p, which quadrant by gearing with the
pinion p causes the side links p, p, to rise and fall, and thereby to effect the
opening and closing of the bottom tool i at the proper times.
It will be seen by an examination of Figure 5 that the sides of the bottom tool
holder aro furnished with projections and the top tool holder 2 with slots for
guiding the said top tool holder in its motion.
The advance motion of the two back tools h, h², i, ✿³, is effected by the cam q on
the shaft acting against the "breaker" or "breaking bar" 12, the bottom tool
holder being connected to the said breaker by ears 1, 3, on the said tool
holder, clipping the sides of the said "breaker," a fixing pin being passed through
the said ears and "breaker" (see the plan Figure 4). The return motion of the
two tools h, h², i, ², is effected by means of the shaft r weighted by a weight at 72,
an arm on the said shaft being connected by the rod to the bottom tool
holder i².
The front of the machine has an opening, as seen in Figures 2 and 3, for intro-
ducing the partly made axle into the machine.
A pair of shears 8, 8, is shewn combined with the machine, the moveable shear
blade being worked from the shaft of the machine in the manner represented in
Figure 4.
The action of the machine is as follows:-The parts of the machine being in the
respective positions represented in the Drawings the partly made and heated axle
with the round or enlarged part b, Figure 6, upon it is introduced through the
front opening in the machine between the open pairs of tools f, g, and h, i. The
top tool of the front pair of tools descends and grips a portion of the "round" b
on the axle, while at the same time the back pair of open tools h, i, make their
advance motion towards the front pair of closed tools f, g. As soon as the back
tools h, i, have reached the "round" of the axlo gripped between the front pair
of tools f, g, the top back tool closes upon the bottom back tool i, and the front
collar bon the axle is gripped between them. The two pairs of tool f, g, and h, i,
with the axle gripped between them have now the relative positions represented in
the enlarged view, Figure 6, the "round" being situated between the opposed faces
of the two pairs of tools. By the continued advance motion of the back pair of
tools h,,,, the "round" or enlarged part b, Figure 6, is upset or compressed
between the opposed faces of the two pairs of tools f, g, h, i, and the central collar
formed or fashioned from the "round" on the axle, as illustrated in Figure 7, where
the central collar is marked b. That portion of the "round" which is not upset
forms the back collar 6 of the axle, which said back collar 6, as well as the front
collar b³, are perfected in figure by the action of the two pairs of tools f, g, h, i. As
soon as the upsetting or compressing action has been effected upon the partly made
axle the top tools f, h, of the two pairs of tools riso from their respective bottom
tools, thereby releasing the partly made axle, and the sliding back tools h, i, now
make their return motion, the soveral parts occupying the respective positions
represented in Figure 3.
The partly made axle being removed from between the tools another heated bar
with a "round" upon it is placed between the open tools, when the operations
described are repeated.
The partly made axle is finished in the ordinary way.
Having now described the nature of our Invention and the manner in which the
same is to be performed, we wish it to be understood the we claim as our Inven-
tion of "Improvements in Machinery for the Manufacture of Carriage Axles,"-
The construction and combination of the parts of machinery herein-before
described, and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings, for forming the central
collar on carriage axles by upsetting or compressing the enlarged part of the partly
anade axle, called the "round," and for perfecting the figure of the front and back
collars of the axle, that is to say, the combination of the two pairs of dies or tools
f, g, and h, i, by which the partly made axle is gripped and the figure of the front
and back collars perfected, and between the opposed faces of the said pairs of

page_text: dies or tools the upsetting or compressing of the "round" is effected, the said two
pairs of dies or tools being constructed, arranged, and operating substantially as
described and illustrated.
Also the arrangement or combination of the parts of mechanism for working the
top moveable tool of the front pair of tools, and also the arrangements or com-
binations of the parts of mechanism for giving the sliding to-and-fro motion to the
back pair of tools, and for opening and closing the top tool of the said back pair of
tools.
In witness whereof, we, the said Jabez Lones, Charles Vernon, Edward Holden,
and Ralph Bennett, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Thirtieth
day of October, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
comenty-eight
JABEZ LONES.
(L.S.)
CHARLES VERNON. (L.S.)
EDWARD HOLDEN.
(L.S.)
(L.S.)
Witness,
EDWIN GWYNNE BARRY,
Sandwell Iron Works,
Smethwick.
RALPH BENNETT.