AMENDED DISCLAIMER AND MEMORANDUM OF ALTERATION
Year: 1871

page_text: RICHARDSON, RICHARDSON, AND SPENCER'S AMENDED
DISCLAIMER AND MEMORANDUM OF ALTERATION.
En the Matter of Letters Patent granted to THOMAS RICHARDSON,
JOHN WILLIAM RICHARDSON, and ADAM SPENCER, all of West
Hartlepool, in the County of Durham, Ironmasters, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN REVOLVING PUDDLING FURNACES,"
bearing date the Eighth of July One thousand eight hundred
and seventy-one,.to which a Specification was duly filed.
DISCLAIMER AND MEMORANDUM OF ALTERATION proposed to be.
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office with the Clerk of the Patents of
England, pursuant to the Statutes in that case made and provided.
WHEREAS since the filing of the Specification to the said Patent we
have discovered that the claims as made may be deemed to be too wide,
and we are desirous of disclaiming the first, fourth, and last claims, also
of omitting the word "secondly" prefacing our second claim, and also
of omitting the word "thirdly" prefacing our third claim, and sub-
stituting in lieu thereof the word also, and also of omitting the words

page_text: and "
A
"The" and "above mentioned together with the eight inverted commas
immediately preceding found towards the end of the descriptive part of
our Specification, to make the same accord with the claim as altered,
and also of omitting the words "firstly, secondly, thirdly, fourthly, and
lastly," which are contained in our general or summing up claim found
at or near the end of our Specification.
"
We hereby strike out and disclaim the words "firstly in constructing
"the interior of revolving puddling furnaces with surfaces arranged in the
"form of a regular or irregular figure presenting various flat surfaces for
securing the more effectual disturbance and agitation of the liquid metal"
which are contained in our first claim. Also the word "secondly" at the
beginning of our second claim. Also the word "thirdly" at the begin-
ning of our third claim, which we also alter by substituting in lieu of afore-
said word the word also. Also we hereby strike out and disclaim the
"words fourthly' in lining the sides or surfaces of revolving polygonal
"furnaces when of the character lastly above set forth or otherwise with
"oxide of iron which has been run into moulds of such a shape that the
"oxide when cold shall fit the said sides or surfaces. And lastly, in the
"application in revolving puddling furnaces of 'mill furnace cinder' or
"ball furnace tap,' or the same material prepared for the purpose in any
"furnace or cupola as the special material to be used as and for the
purpose of the lining or fettling when applied in combination with or in
"pursuance of any of our improvements herein specified" which make our
fourth and last claims. Also we hereby strike out and disclaim the
words "The" and "above mentioned together with the eight inverted
commas immediately preceding found towards the end of the descriptive
part of our Specification. Also the words "firstly, secondly, thirdly,
fourthly, and lastly" which are contained in our general or summing up
claim found at or near the end of our Specification. And the said
Specification when amended as proposed by us by Disclaimer and Memo-
randum of Alteration, will read as follows:-
and"
A
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, wе, THOMAS
RICHARDSON, JOHN WILLIAM RICHARDSON, and ADAM SPENCER,. all of
West Hartlepool, in the County of Durham, Ironmasters, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of July, in the year of

page_text: our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the thirty-
fourth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said Thomas Richardson, John William
Richardson, and Adam Spencer, Her special licence that we, the said
Thomas Richardson, John William Richardson, and Adam Spencer, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said
Thomas Richardson, John William Richardson, and Adam Spencer,
our exccutors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, and Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN REVOLVING PUDDLING FURNACES," upon the condition
(amongst others) that we, the said Thomas Richardson, John William
Richardson, and Adam Spencer, our executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing, under our, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Thomas Richardson, John
William Richardson, and Adam Spencer, do hereby declare the nature
of our said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
The Invention consists in lining revolving puddling furnaces with a
lining introduced by pouring it in in a molten state from the outside.
Also in constructing the sides or surfaces of such furnaces of a honey-
combed or cellular character, or with trays open to the outside for the
more effectually holding the lining.
The above-mentioned several features of the Invention are intended
to be performed in manner as follows:-The furnace is to be built up
of flanged plates bolted together into a rhomboidal or other approved
form, skeleton trays or boxes (in the form of bars or otherwise) after
being filled with the lining in a molten state, or as otherwise herein
stated, being sometimes substituted for the side plates, which are
intended to be bolted at their ends to the end plates of the furnace.

page_text: The improved process of lining by pouring in the molten material will
be better understood by contrasting it with the process commonly
employed for lining the bottom plates of ordinary puddling furnaces,
namely, placing a quantity of wrought-iron scrap on the said plates
(which are plain), then urging the fire to melt as much as possible of
the scrap into an oxide of iron, allowing the oxide to settle down on to
the bottom plates, and thus to form the lining from which any unmelted
scrap is carefully removed. (The sides, ends, and roof are not thus
lined, but bricks or other well-known materials are employed.) A
revolving furnace cannot be lined in accordance with this process, as the
top and sides would melt down before the wrought-iron scrap would be
melted on the bottom. Now by our Invention this difficulty is obviated
by melting down the oxide in a cupola, reverberatory, or air furnace, and
while in the molten state running it into the revolving furnace to fettle
the interior, and allowing it to set upon either side or end as may for the
time be necessary, and accordingly as such side or end, firstly one then
another, and so on in succession, is presented for the purpose. The
improved cellular or other than plain character of the sides or surfaces
is to be produced by casting or otherwise forming them with the dove-
tailed honeycombed or undercut cavities, sinkings or grooves to be
employed to key in or hold the fettling or lining. The lining is some-
times to be applied by pouring in as above described, and sometimes by
previously moulding to fit the side or other plates, trays, boxes, bars, or
parts.
In further illustration of the manner in which the Invention is to be
performed we have appended the accompanying two Sheets of Drawings
marked No. 1 and No. 2 respectively.
In Drawing No. 1, Figure 1 is a general plan view of fire-grate and
stack with the improved converter or revolving portion of the furnace
between them; Figure 2, a longitudinal vertical section of these taken
through the line Z, Z*, on plan; and Figure 3, an end elevation of
the improved revolving converter on its roller carriage herein-after
referred to.
a is the fire-grate similar in construction to the ordinary fire-grates of
puddling furnaces, and provided as usual with pipe or culvert 6 for
introducing blast when required. The bridge end of the grate terminates
in a cylindrical orifice c opening into the converter. The chimney or
stack d. also has a cylindrical orifice, neck, or throat e leading thereto out

page_text: of or away from the convertor. Near the bottom of the stack is a door f
with spy hole f* for observing the operation of conversion.
It will be noted particularly from an inspection of the dotted lines in
Figure 3 that the interior of the improved revolving convertor has four
sides or surfaces arranged in the form of a regular square, and has also
two ends. Instead of a square however a figure of three or more sides
may be substituted, and the figure need not of necessity be a regular
figure, and although we prefer the rhomboidal or skew disposition of
the sides with relation to the longitudinal axis of rotation or line Z, Z*,
in Figure 1 shewn in that Figure, this disposition, excepting in com-
bination with the form or forms herein otherwise described, does not
constitute a feature of the Invention.
is
The construction of the convertor is as follows:-It is a box-like
vessel with circular openings g*, *, in its ends g, h, corresponding and
communicating with the circular openings c and e from fire grate and
into the stack respectively. The ends g, h, are circular vertical plates of
cast iron, with rims, flanges, and ribs, etc., thereon, and the openings g*,
h*, are cast or formed in the said ends. The outer flanges or rims of the
ends enable them to be supported by and to rest and revolve upon the
rollers of the roller carriage i, which by means of its wheels
free to be easily moved upon the rail plates k, and with the convertor
thereon bodily conveyed away from the normal position of the carriage
and convertor (represented in the Figures) for the purpose of fettling or
repairs when required. 92, h², are large spur wheels secured to the end
plates g and respectively, for giving the revolving motion to the con-
vertor from pinions as at m in Figure 3, or from any convenient gearing,
and which may be driven from a steam engine or otherwise. The
surfaces of the plates g, h, within the body of the convertor are cast
with dovetailed honeycombings or cells for holding the fettling n (see
Figure 2). The sides of the convertor consist of skeleton cells, trays, or
boxes P lined with fettling and bolted to the ends g, h, and constructed
as shewn more clearly in detail in the Figures 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, herein-after
described. On two opposite sides of the convertor are hinged honey-
combed doors q having in them charging holes q* and spy holes q², and
which (doors) may be opened singly or together for the purpose of
withdrawing the charge.
In Drawing No. 2, Figure 4, is a plan shewing the skeleton trays or
boxes p in position with regard to the end plates g, h, of convertor.

page_text: Figure 5 is a section of one these through the line Y, Y*, in Figure 4.
Figure 6 is a plan shewing one of the trays or boxes p as placed in or on
a mould S and filled with the fettling cast into it while the two are
together; Figures 7 and 8, longitudinal and transverse sections of same
through the lines X, X*, and W, We, in Figure 6 respectively. In
these Figures p is the frame or body of the tray; p*, handle to same;
p3, groove for keying in or holding the fettling; p³, bars of wrought iron
for the same purpose rivetted through the sides of the body p; 8 is the
mould, and 8, 8*, (in Figure 8) grooves filled with fire-clay to prevent
the fettling from leaking whilst filling; p', p', (also in Figure 8) grooves
for the purpose of introducing luting between the trays when in position
on the convertor. The trays p after being filled in the moulds s, and
after being allowed to cool, are to be secured by bolting to the ends g, h,
of the convertor.
Figure 9 is a plan, and Figure 10 a section of honeycombed plates t,
which may be substituted in place of the trays 2, represented in position
with regard to the end plates g, h, of convertor, and exhibiting (by
dotted lines in the plan) the general arrangement of the undercut or
dovetailed cells tx, cast in or upon them for holding the fettling. But
instead of the cells, cavities, sinkings, or grooves being produced by
casting as described, they may be produced by cutting into the body of
the plate or by affixing pieces thereto. The fettling is represented in
position in the section, Figure 10. The end plates g, h, of the convertor
are to be fettled by means of bricks made of the same fettling material,
cast in suitable moulds of a wedge or key-like form so as to fit and lock
into the ends g, h; and further to secure the whole of these bricks
molten fettling is to be run in behind them, filling the dovetailed cells in
the said ends, laying hold of the bricks, and solidifying the whole firmly
together. Mill furnace cinder or ball furnace tap, and which we consider
to be a material specially suitable to be used as and for the purpose of the
fettling or lining when applied in combination with or in pursuance of
any of our said improvements, is a well-known oxide of iron, being the
waste cinder or meltings of wrought iron when subjected to the heat of
a reverberatory or other furnace, care being taken that the bottom of
such furnace upon which such wrought iron is placed shall be made of
cast-iron plates, lined as customary, and avoiding all silicious matter.
The mode of using the improved furnaces, though not constituting a
part of the Invention, may be briefly appended. The iron to be treated

page_text: is to be introduced into the convertor in a molten state, the charging
holes q to be closed and the convertor to be revolved, when by means
of the flat sides the iron will be thoroughly agitated, and after the
required time, which may be ascertained through the spy hole, it will
assume the granular form and commence to ball. The doors are then to
be opened, and the ball or balls withdrawn and conveyed to the hammer.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, we claim, the several
improvements as herein-above set forth and defined, and also the special
mode or modes of construction in performance or furtherance of the said
improvements, as represented in the Drawings and herein described.
In witness whereof, we, the said Thomas Richardson, John William
Richardson, and Adam Spencer, have hereunto set our hands and
seals, this Eleventh day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-two.
I hereby grant my fiat giving leave to the above-named Thomas
Richardson, John William Richardson, and Adam Spencer to file in the
Great Seal Patent Office, with the Specification to which the same
relates, the above-written Amended Disclaimer and Memorandum of
Alteration.
Dated this Eighteenth day of June One thousand eight hundred
and seventy-two.
Lincoln's Inn.
G. JESSEL,
Solicitor-General.

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Richardson, John William Richard-
son, and Adam Spencer, all of West Hartlepool, in the County
of Durham, Ironmasters, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
REVOLVING PUDDLING FURNACES."
.
Sealed the 5th January 1872, and dated the 8th July 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Richardson,
John William Richardson, and Adam Spencer at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 8th July
1871.
WC, THOMAS RICHARDSON, JOHN WILLIAM RICHARDSON, and ADAM
SPENCER, all of West Hartlepool, in the County of Durham, Ironmasters,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN REVOLVING PUDDLING FURNACES," to be as follows:-
The Invention embraces the constructing the interior of revolving
puddling furnaces with surfaces arranged in the form of a regular or
irregular polygon or figure presenting various surfaces for securing
the more effectual disturbance and agitation of the liquid metal.

page_text: Also the lining the furnaces, whether polygonal or otherwise, with
a lining introduced by pouring it in in a molten state from the outside.
Also the constructing the sides or surfaces of a honeycombed or
cellular character, or with spurs or projections for the more effectually
holding the lining.
Also the lining the sides or surfaces of revolving polygonal furnaces
when of the character lastly above set forth, or otherwise with oxide
which has been run into moulds of such a shape that the oxide when
cold shall fit the said sides or surfaces.
And also the application in revolving furnaces of a special material
herein-after described as and for the purpose of the lining.
The above several features of the Invention are intended to be
performed in manner as follows:-The furnace is to be built up of
flanged plates bolted together into a rhomboidal or other approved form,
& skeleton trays or boxes, (in the form of bars or otherwise) after being
filled with the lining in a molten state, or as otherwise herein stated
being sometimes substituted for the side plates which are intended to
be bolted at their ends to the end plates of the furnace.
The improved process of lining by pouring in the molten material
will be better understood by contrasting it with the process commonly
employed for lining the bottom plates of ordinary puddling furnaces,
namely, placing a quantity of wrought-iron scrap on the said plates,
(which are plain,) then urging the fire to melt as much as possible of
the scrap into an oxide of iron, allowing the oxide to settle down on to
the bottom plates, and thus to form the lining from which any unmelted
scrap is carefully removed (the sides, ends, and roof, are not thus lined,
but bricks or other well known materials are employed.)
A révolving furnace cannot be lined in accordance with this process
as the top and sides would melt down before the wrought-iron scrap
would be melted on the bottom. Now by our Invention this difficulty
is obviated by melting down the oxide. in a cupola, reverberatory, or air
furnace, and while in the molten state running it into the revolving
furnace to fettle the interior, and allowing it to set upon either side or
end as may for the time be necessary.
The improved cellular or other than plain character of the sides or
surfaces is to be produced by casting them with the dovetailed
honeycombed, or undercut cavities, sinkings, grooves, spurs, lugs, or

page_text: projections to be employed, to key in or hold the fettling or lining..
The lining is sometimes to be applied by pouring in as above described,
and sometimes by previously moulding to fit the side or other plates,
trays, boxes, bars, or parts.
The special material above referred to is mill furnace cinder free from
silica, which is formed during the process of heating wrought iron, or the
same may be specially prepared by melting down scrap iron. This
will be found to assist the purifying of the iron to be treated, and also
to withstand the chemical action, and to resist the mechanical action
when the iron assumes the granular form and begins to ball.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Thomas Richardson, John William Richardson,
and Adam Spencer in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 6th
January 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, wc, THOMAS
RICHARDSON, JOHN WILLIAM RICHARDSON, and ADAM SPENCER, all of
West Hartlepool, in the County of Durham, Ironmasters, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of July, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the thirty-
fourth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said Thomas Richardson, John William
Richardson, and Adam Spencer, Her special licence that we, the said
Thomas Richardson, John William Richardson, and Adam Spencer,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as wc, the
said Thomas Richardson, John William Richardson, and Adam Spencer,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed should and lawfully might make,
usc, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN REVOLVING PUDDLING FURNACES," upon the condition
(amongst others) that we, the said Thomas Richardson, John William
Richardson, and Adam Spencer, our exccutors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of their hands

page_text: and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was. to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Thomas Richardson, John William
Richardson, and Adam Spencer, do hereby declare the nature of our
said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
-
The Invention consists, firstly, in constructing the interior of revolving
puddling furnaces with surfaces arranged. in the form of a regular or
irregular figure, presenting various flat surfaces for securing the more
effectual disturbance and agitation of the liquid metal.
5
]
Secondly. In lining revolving puddling furnaces with a lining intro- 1
duced by pouring it in in a molten state from the outside.
Thirdly. In constructing the sides or surfaces of such furnaces of a
honeycombed or cellular character, or with trays open to the outside for
the more effectually holding the lining.
Fourthly. In lining the sides or surfaces of revolving polygonal a
furnaces, when of the character lastly above set forth, or otherwise,
with oxide of iron which has been run into moulds of such a shape
that the oxide when cold shall fit the said sides or surfaces.
ઃઃ
And, lastly. In the application in revolving puddling furnaces of
"mill furnace cinder" or "ball furnace tap," or the same material pre-
pared for the purpose in any furnace or cupola as the special material
to be used as and for the purpose of the lining or fettling when applied
in combination with or in pursuance of any of our improvements herein
specified.
The above-mentioned several features of the Invention are intended to:
be performed in manner as follows:-The furnace is to be built up of
flanged plates bolted together into a rhomboidal or other approved form,
skeleton trays or boxes (in the form of bars or otherwise), after being
filled with the lining in a molten state, or as otherwise herein stated,
being sometimes substituted for the side plates which are intended to be a
bolted at their ends to the end plates of the furnace.

page_text: The improved process of lining by pouring in the molten material
will be better understood by contrasting it with the process commonly
employed for lining the bottom plates of ordinary puddling furnaces,
namely, placing a quantity of wrought-iron scrap on the said plates
(which are plain), then urging the fire to melt as much as possible of
the scrap into an oxide of iron, allowing the oxide to settle down on
to the bottom plates, and thus to form the lining, from which any un-
melted scrap is carefully removed. (The sides, ends, and roof are not
thus lined, but bricks or other well-known materials are employed.)
A revolving furnace cannot be lined in accordance with this process,
as the top and sides would melt down before the wrought-iron scrap
would be melted on the bottom. Now, by our Invention this difficulty
is obviated by melting down the oxide in a cupola, reverberatory, or air
furnace, and while in the molten state running it into the revolving
furnace to fettle the interior, and allowing it to set upon either side or
end as may for the time be necessary, and accordingly as such side or
end, firstly one, then another, and so on in succession, is presented for
the purpose.
The improved cellular or other than plain character of the sides or
surfaces is to be produced by casting or otherwise forming them with
the dovetailed, honeycombed, or undercut cavities, sinkings, or grooves
to be employed to key in or hold the fettling or lining. The lining is
sometimes to be applied by pouring in, as above described, and some-
times by previously moulding to fit the side or other plates, trays, boxes,
bars, or parts.
In further illustration of the manner in which the Invention is to be
performed we have appended the accompanying two Sheets of Drawings
marked No. 1 and No. 2 respectively.
In Drawing No. 1 Figure 1 is a general plan view of fire-grate and
stack with the improved convertor or revolving portion of the furnace
between them; Figure 2, a longitudinal vertical section of these taken
through the line Z, Z*, on plan; and Figure 3 an end elevation of
the improved revolving convertor on its roller carriage herein-after
referred to.
a is the fire-grate similar in construction to the ordinary fire-grates
of puddling furnaces, and provided as usual with pipe or culvert 6 for
introducing blast when required. The bridge end of the grate terminates
in a cylindrical orifice c opening into the convertor.
The chimney or

page_text: stack d also has a cylindrical orifice, neck, or throat e leading thereto
out of or away from the convertor. Near the bottom of the stack is a
door f with spy hole f* for observing the operation of conversion. It
will be noted particularly from an inspection of the dotted lines in
Figure 3 that the interior of the improved revolving convertor has four
sides or surfaces arranged in the form of a regular square, and has also
two ends. Instead of a square, however, a figure of three or more sides
may be substituted, and the figure need not of necessity be a regular
figure. And although we prefer the rhomboidal or skew disposition of
the sides with relation to the longitudinal axis of rotation or line Z, Z*,
in Figure 1, shewn in that Figure, this disposition, excepting in com-
bination with the form or forms hercin otherwise described, does not
constitute a feature of the Invention.
The construction of the convertor is as follows:-It is a box-like vessel
with circular openings g*, *, in its ends g, h, corresponding and com-
municating with the circular openings c and e from fire-grate and into
the stack respectively. The ends g, h, are circular vertical plates of cast
iron with rims, flanges, and ribs, etc., thercon, and the openings g*, h*,
are cast or formed in the said ends. The outer flanges or rims of the
ends enable them to be supported by and to rest and revolve upon the
rollers of the roller carriage i, which by means of its wheels i² is frec
to be easily moved upon the rail plates k, and with the convertor thereon
bodily conveyed away from the normal position of the carriage and
convertor (represented in the Figures), for the purpose of fettling or
repairs when required. g², h², are large spur wheels secured to the end
plates and h respectively for giving the revolving motion to the con-
vertor from pinions, as at m in Figure 3, or from any convenient gearing,
and which may be driven from a steam engine or otherwise. The
surfaces of the plates g, h, within the body of the convertor are cast
with dovetailed honeycombings or cells for holding the fettling n (sec
Figure 2). The sides of the convertor consist of skeleton cells, trays, or
boxes P lined with fettling, and bolted to the ends g, h, and constructed
as shewn more clearly in detail in the Figures 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, herein-after
described. On two opposite sides of the convertor are hinged honey-
combed doors 9 having in them charging holes q* and spy holes q³, and
which (doors) may be opened singly or together for the purpose of with-
drawing the charge.

page_text: In Drawing No. 2 Figure 4 is a plan shewing the skeleton trays or
boxes pin position with regard to the end plates g, h, of convertor;
Figure 5 is a section of one of these through the line Y, Y*, in Figure 4;
Figure 6 is a plan shewing one of the trays or boxes pas placed in or
on a mould s, and filled with the fettling cast into it while the two are
together; Figures 7 and 8, longitudinal and transverse sections of same
through the lines X, X*, and W, W, in Figure 6 respectively. In
these Figures p is the frame or body of the tray; p*, handle to same;
23, groove for keying in or holding the fettling; 2, bars of wrought
iron for the same purpose rivetted through the sides of the body p; s is
the mould; and 8*, 8*, (in Figure 8) grooves filled with fire-clay to pre-
vent the fettling from leaking whilst filling; p, p, (also in Figure 8,)
grooves for the purpose of introducing luting between the trays when in
position on the convertor. The trays p after being filled in the moulds's,
and after being allowed to cool, are to be secured. by bolting to the
ends g, h, of the convertor.
Figure 9 is a plan and Figure 10 a section of honeycombed plates t,
which may be substituted in place of the trays 2, represented in position.
with regard to the end plates g, h, of convertor, and exhibiting (by dotted
lines in the plan) the general arrangement of the undercut or dovetailed
cells cast in or upon them for holding the fettling. But instead of
the cells, cavities, sinkings, or grooves being produced by casting, as
described, they may be produced by cutting into the body of the plate,
or by affixing pieces thereto. The fettling is represented in position in
the section, Figure 10. The end plates g, h, of the convertor are to be
fettled by means of bricks made of the same fettling material cast in
suitable moulds of a wedge or key-like form, so as to fit and lock into
the ends g, h. And further, to secure the whole of these bricks molten
fettling is to be run in behind them filling the dovetailed cells in the
said ends, laying hold of the bricks and solidifying the whole firmly
together.
The "mill furnace cinder" or "ball furnace tap" above mentioned,
and which we consider to be a material specially suitable to be used as
and for the purpose of the fettling or lining, when applied in com-
bination with or in pursuance of any of our said improvements, is a
well-known oxide of iron, being the waste cinder or meltings of wrought
iron when subjected to the heat of a reverberatory or other furnace, care
being taken that the bottom of such furnace upon which such wrought

page_text: iron is placed shall be made of cast-iron plates, lined as customary, and
avoiding all siliceous matter.
The mode of using the improved furnaces, though not constituting a
part of the Invention, may be briefly appended. The iron to be treated
is to be introduced into the convertor in a molten state, the charging
holes to be closed, and the, convertor to be revolved, when by means
of the flat sides the iron will be thoroughly agitated, and after the
required time, which 'may be ascertained through the spy hole, it will
assume the granular form and commence to ball. The doors are then
to be opened and the ball or balls withdrawn and conveyed to the
hammer.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, we claim the several
improvements as herein firstly, secondly, thirdly, fourthly, and lastly
above set forth and defined. And also the special mode or modes of
construction in performance or furtherance of the said improvements as
represented in the Drawings and herein described.
In witness whereof, we, the said Thomas Richardson, John William
Richardson, and Adam Spencer, have hereunto set our hands
and scals, this Fifth day of January, in the year of our Lord Onc
thousand eight hundred and seventy-two..
THOMAS RICHARDSON.
(L.S.)
JOHN WILLIAM RICHARDSON. (L.S.)
ADAM SPENCER.
(L.S.)