AN IMPROVED STEAM CULTIVATOR FOR LAND
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Arthur Frederic Martindale, of Osmotherley,
Yorkshire, Clerk in Orders, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED
STEAM CULTIVATOR FOR LAND."
Sealed the 5th November 1875, and dated the 8th May 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Arthur Frederic
Martindale at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
his Petition, on the 8th May 1875.
.
I, ARTHUR FREDERIC MARTINDALE, of Osmotherley, Yorkshire, Clerk
5 in Orders, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED STEAM CULTIVATOR for Land," to be as follows:-
My improved steam cultivator for land consists of a specially con-
structed engine and boiler with hauling tackle and carriages, to which
is attached a plough, harrow, or other land cultivator, or if required a
O mower or reaper.
The boiler is fitted with a furnace, at the back end of which are a
number of strong iron water tubes placed side by side, and extending

page_text: across the whole width of the boiler. At the bottom of the furnace are
conically bent bars close together and running nearly the whole length
of the furnace, i.e., until they came to the water tubes. At each side of
this conically formed groove in the furnace there are a number of bars
parallel to the sides of the boiler, forming a conical groove, at each side
of which a rake traverses, drawing in its return any ashies away from
the furnace.
Above the furuace is a long coke or fuel box inclined at an angle
of 40° or 45°, resting at the top on a small platform supported on
scaffolding. A. pulley is attached to the platform to enable baskets of
coke or other fuel to be lifted up and deposited into the box. When
the box is filled it is closed by an air-tight lid. The coke or other fuel
then slides down and into the furnace, which is always supplied with fuel
as long as there is any in the box.
On the top of the boiler is a steam dome or receiver, from which
passes a steam pipe to the cylinders. There are two cylinders similar to
those used in paddle steam boats with the exception of the ends or
covers which are sphered so as to work in spherical grooves, apertures
being left for the piston rods and other moving parts to pass through.
This arrangement adds materially to their strength, and enables the
cylinders to be used for other purposes. When required, at each end
of the axle or crank shaft are two wheels, four in all, to receive wire
bands for working the ploughs.
↓
On the land requiring to be ploughed I place four carriages, one at
cach corner, fixed in position by short piles and chains, and fitted with
guide pulleys for chains and bands by which all the carriages are con-
nected. At one corner of the land is placed the engine and boiler; on
another fixed carriage, and between the corner fixed carriages, are two
traversing carriages, one at each side of the field with the plough or
other cultivator running between them. The plough is moved across
the field by wire ropes worked by the engine and guided by the wheels
on the traversing carriages. As the wire rope is turned the plough is
moved backwards and forwards between the traversing carriages, making
a furrow of the necessary length.
The traversing carriages are fitted with small wheels or rollers having
circular knives round them to grip the ground to enable the carriage to

page_text: move forward after a furrow has been made, and to take up a position
ready for the next furrow.
Within a short distance of one of the stationary carriages, and in line
with the traversing carriage, is another fixed carriage with guide pulleys,
and between the two carriages is laid a line of rails on which runs a
carriage carrying guide pulleys and wire bands for moving the traversing
carriages the distance required by the width between the furrows.
Working in the framework of the carriage are a number of wheels,
band pulleys, and axles. On the outer axle revolves a band pulley
drawn along the axle by a wire rope, but during a part of its traverse it
passes over a portion of the axle on which are feathers fitting into
corresponding grooves in the pulley, and while traversing over these
feathers the pulley communicates motion to the axle and through a
system of pulleys to the cog wheels below. Along the frame is a
bar or rod furnished with cogs and gearing into the last wheel of the
train, by which it is moved. This bar draws with it the plough carriage
and sets the furrow. When the bar has traversed its full distance a
stop at the end pushes a cross shaft of the cog wheels and forces opposite
wheels into gear so as to produce motion in an opposite direction and so
on alternately. When the pulley is passing over the plain part of the
axle, that is, when there are no feathers, the gearing is at rest, and
during that time the furrow is being made.
A harrow or other cultivator, or a mower or reaner, may be attached
25 SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Arthur Frederic Martindale in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 6th November 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ARTHUR
FREDERIC MARTINDALE, of Osmotherley, Yorkshire, Clerk in Orders,
30 send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of May, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the thirty-eighth
A 2

page_text: year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Arthur Frederic Martindale, Her special
licence that I, the said Arthur Frederic Martindale, my executors, ad-
ministrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Arthur Frederic
Martindale, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Inven-
tion for "AN IMPROVED STEAM CULTIVATOR FOR LAND," upon the con-
dition (amongst others) that I, the said Arthur Frederic Martindale,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my,
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Arthur Frederic Martindale, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:—
My improved steam cultivator for land consists of a specially con-
structed engine and boiler with hauling tackle and carriages, to which
may be attached, as occasion requires, a plough, harrow, or other land
cultivator, or a mower or reaper.
The following description refers to my improved cultivator when used
for ploughing, but other farm implements may be substituted for the
plough without deviating from the principle of my Invention or changing
the general arrangement of the machinery and apparatus.
The boiler is fitted with a furnace, at the back end of which are a
number of strong iron or other metal water tubes placed side by side
and extending across the whole width of the boiler. At the bottom of
the furnace are conically bent bars close together and running nearly the
whole length of the furnace, videlicet, until they reach the water tubes.
At each side of this conically formed groove in the furnace there are a
number of bars parallel to the sides of the boiler, forming a conical

page_text: groove, at each side of which a rake traverses, drawing in its return any
ashes away from the furnace.
Above the furnace is a long coke or fuel box inclined at an angle
of from 40 to 45 degrees, resting at the top on a small platform sup-
ported on scaffolding. A pulley is attached to the platform to enable
baskets of coke or other fuel to be lifted up and deposited into the box.
When the box is filled it is closed by an air-tight lid. The coke or
other fuel slides from the box into the furnace, which is supplied with
fuel so long as there is any in the box.
On the top of the boiler is a steam dome or receiver, from which
passes a steam pipe to the cylinders. There are two cylinders similar to
those used in paddle steam boats, with the exception of the ends or
covers, which are sphered so as to work in spherical grooves, apertures
being left for the piston rods and other moving parts to pass through.
This arrangement adds materially to their strength and enables the
cylinders to be used for other purposes when required. At each end of
the axle or crank shaft are two wheels, four in all, to receive wire bands
for working the ploughs.
On the land requiring to be ploughed I place four carriages, one at each
corner, fixed in position by short piles and chains, and fitted with guide
pulleys for chains and bands by which all the carriages are connected.
At one corner of the land on another fixed carriage is placed the engine
and boiler, and between the corner fixed carriages are twò traversing
carriages, one at each side of the field with the plough or other cultivator
running between them. The plough is moved across the field by wire.
ropes worked by the engine and guided by the wheels on the traversing
carriages. As the wire rope is drawn it moves the plough backwards
and forwards between the traversing carriages, making a furrow of the
necessary length.
The traversing carriages are fitted with small wheels or rollers having
circular knives round them to grip the ground, to enable the carriages to
move forward after a furrow has been made, and to take up a position
ready for the next furrow.
Within a short distance of one of the stationary carriages and in line
with the traversing carriage is another fixed carriage with guide pulleys,
and between the two carriages is laid a line of rails (or these rails might
be done away with, allowing the carriage to run on the ground), on

page_text: Sheet VII., details of traversing carriage and plough.
Sheet VIII., side elevation of plough and carriage.
Sheet IX., plan of gearing of plough carriage.
Sheet X., an alternative arrangement of plough and carriage.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
Sheet I., Plate I., B is the bucket which after having been filled with
coal is drawn up by means of a rope, as shewn at A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H,
as soon as O, P, arrives at M, N, there is a catch, and as the handle
continues to be turned empties the contents into a sliding coal box N.
It contains enough coal for twenty-four hours or more; E, a joint at the
bottom of the bucket fastened; the bucket rests on F, which is loose; H,.
handle for winding up the bucket; there is an air tight lid to cover the
top of the coal box and is let down when the bucket is filled. The coal
is stopped at L, P, and only allowed to pass in small quantities at every
2,500ths turn of the wheel NI; a chain passes over the wheel XI,
and over a smaller wheel, then by an arrangement of the gearing another
wheel X, X, is reduced to half the speed of K²; over X, X, another
chain passes, which passes round the wheel B, the same wheel as Y, Z,
Plate 6, which makes one revolution for every four revolutions of the
wheel E¹; Plate I., Sheet 4, Y, Z, turns a small wheel X, Z, having 9
teeth, which turns a large wheel having 45 tecth, one-fifth of the speed
of Y, Z, or one-twentieth of "21," Sheet 4, Plate I., and so on until the
wheel K, Plate 6, Sheet I., turns once in every 2,500 times of U I.
Sheet I., Plate I., K turns the shaft M, which turns a cog wheel M³,
turning another cog wheel N¹, which turns the shaft P', which is bent
into a crank at S₁; the shaft T" works the crank Z', P¹, turning round
once in every 2,500 revolutions of the wheel E'; Plate I., Sheet 4, causes
the shaft T to be pushed forward in 1,250 revolutions of E', and to be
pulled back again in the other 1,250 revolutions; the shaft T' has 44
teeth, and is pushed forward 2 feet, the teeth striking the teeth of a
small wheel, Sheet 5, Plate 1, and turns 5 times, working then through.
a large wheel C, small wheel G, large wheel L, P, small wheel E, large
wheel N, T, causing 687 teeth to pass, striking the teeth of the shaft
A and B, A and B, causing them to turn round 68 times. As the

page_text: shaft with teeth D, D, moves forward two feet, the worms on the
alternate screws being of a different hand, one set are made to work
inward while the other set works outward, and vice versa, see Sheet 5,
Plate 1; W, an auxiliary wheel plate 3, screw S, 4 feet-long with cutter
× R, cogged shaft 4 feet long; T, screw 4 feet long with cutter × ; W,
cogged shaft 4 feet long; A, shaft; B, small cog wheel.
Furnace Cleaner S², T², Q², P2, and O2.-The wheel H, Plate 6, makes
one revolution to every 500 revolutions of E', Sheet 4; it has six strong
teeth on one side at T,'X, and its full complement on the other side, the
teeth at T, x, strike at a given time, the small cog wheel P turning it
completely round and also the wheel T, the joint W is pressed forward,
and also the shaft G, Z, which causes I1, to be pressed back and pushed
up the spring at each side K 1. There is a small joint at X3 B1, then
goes flat over the spring C1, and is pushed in under the bottom of the
furnace underneath the bars, causing the springs G 1, A 1, to press
against the burning coal on its forward movement, see Ll. As soon as
it arrives at F1, it drops, and Il drops, as shewn in Drawing; any
ashes in the grate are pulled out by I 1, and fall into the ash-pit A, Fa
hole cut into the ground; the time occupied in moving the cleaner back-
ward and forward may be calculated a little over one minute.
Scaffolding for Coal Box.-The slanting coal box would be at an angle
of about 40 degrees, and supported by sixteen beams of wood, eight on
each side, fixed on a platform. The platform when required for work
would rest on the ground; it would be made of wood and iron 35 or 40
feet in length, and of considerable breadth, having 16 wheels, 8 on each
side, from D, D, to F, F; when requiring to be moved the handle L,
O, P, would be fixed on K, and pressing down each wheel by turning
the screw the platform would be raised from the ground and rest on the
wheels. The platform can then be drawn by ropes to any desired spot.
The platform may be taken to pieces at G, R, and O, Y.
The furnace is behind the boiler, and about 1 foot inches long, by 2
feet 8 inches broad, and 2 feet high. At the back of the furnace are
a number of strong iron pipes open at both ends into the water space of
the boiler. They are placed side by side and extend the whole breadth of
the under part of the boiler, see Sheet I., Plate 1, U, M, and plate 4 H.
These prevent the dust and ashes entering the tubes of the boiler.
The bottom of the furnace is flat and a number of iron bars run the

page_text: whole length and are bent up at the end, at the bottom of the furnace is
a grate on which the ashes fall and are then removed.
The boiler is circular in shape and has flue pipes running thrice
through it, first from the back of the furnace to the front of the boiler;
second, from the front of the boiler to the slant at the back; and third,
from the slant to the front of the boiler, and thence the smoke escapes
through the chimney. At the top of the boiler and near the chimney is
a bell-shaped receiver having a safety valve at the top. A pipe from
this receiver passing through the chimney guides the steam to the
cylinders. These are two cylinders similar to those used in paddle
steam boats with the exception of the covers which are sphered at the
top and bottom, and work in a concave spherical groove having apertures
for the piston rod; this arrangement adds to the strength and enables
the engine to be used for other purposes, a force pump of requisite size
would supply the boiler with water from the tank below. The safety
valve might be constructed, as shewn on Sheet 1, Plate 5, or with a
screw arrangement. For stopping the engine the handle R would be
pulled down drawing Z and raising F and G, as in Sheet I., Plate 5,
causing to be raised, the steam escaping through K and I, at the
same time the chimey would be closed at Æ, and no heated air allowed
to pass; this handle by a contrivance in connection with the machinery
used in the field may be made self-acting; an appliance would be made
in order to reverse the motion of the axle over the cylinders.
.
'
Sheet IV., Plate I:-At each end of the axle over the cylinders there
are two wheels, four in all, which can be taken off; over the wheel
towards the right hand of the engine a strong leather band or wire rope
would be crossed and pass over another wheel in front of similar size,
see Sheet 6, Plate 2, E; towards the left hand a wire band would pass
over a wheel in front not crossed, A. F; there would be also two wire
bands, not crossed, pass over the wheels H, H, and over the wheels
directly over D and B, see Sheet IV., C, I. The lower two wheels A, B,.
and C, D, revolve on the circular shaft M, but the small cog wheels S
and T work with them and turn in opposite directions.
Machinery Used for Changing the Direction of the Travel of the
Wheels, see Sheet IV.-The cog wheel plate I, F, which has 10 teeth.
turns the large wheel L, I, of 30 teeth, then through the gearing G
5 teeth, H 9 teeth, which turns I and the shaft P 2, Sheet III., also

page_text: Sheet VI., 16, which turns the wheel 9 only in one direction, as 8 does
in another, the cog wheel 12, would turn with the shaft 16 and turn the
wheels 13 and 25; 27 and 28, supports to the wheels; 25 and 29, rollers.
The shaft L, M, would slip through an octagon cavity in wheel 25,
and would exactly fit the cavity.
The cog wheel 25 would turn the cog wheel 26, which would turn the
arrangement of cogs 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, see shaft, Sheet V.,
Plate 24, the wheel 26 would be fixed on I; 1 and 1 on C and C, 2 and 2
on D, D; the shaft would turn the small cog wheel 3 and 6 would be
loose on E, see Plate V., Sheet V. The shaft would turn the small cog
wheel E, which would turn G, which would turn H and F. On the
wheels B, B, and C, C, there would be six teeth wanting in different
places for the wheels B, B, see Plate 2, and for C, C, see L. L. The
wheels B, B, would strike against the teeth A, A, of the shaft, Sheet IV.,
Plate 2, and C, C, at B, B, while D would strike the teeth at C.
The shaft, as shewn in Plate 2, Sheet IV., is about 6 feet 8 inches
long, 8 inches broad, and about 1, or 2 inches thick. At the sides of the
shaft are a number of perpendicular indentations to admit the teeth of
cog wheels for holding the shaft firmly in its place, see Sheet III.; R 1,
for cog wheels, see Plate VIII.; B, B, B, for the two parallel
supported beams in which these wheels are fixed, see Plate VII. Near
the extremities of the shaft, at both ends and on one side, are two pro-
jecting pieces which change the motion of the wheels by pushing them
into the cavities revolving in opposite directions. There are two large
cogs at the right and left of the shaft near the ends O and P extending
the breadth of the shaft, sec T 1, Sheet III., Plate I.. There are 12 cogs
at B, of which 2, 2, are shorter than the other 18 at C, of which
R and S are shorter than the others, and 12 at A, of which T, T¹, are
shorter than the others, see W 1 and W 1, Sheet III., Plate I.
Description of Wheels over which Pass the Wire Bands and Ropes.―
Lower wheels which draw the cultivator up and down the fields consists
of four wheels, two at each extremity of two shafts, those nearest the
engine run loose on the shaft, see Sheet VI. Plate 2.
The cog
wheels T, T, on the side of the two wheels nearest the engine move with
the wheels; a third moveable wheel between cach of these wheels
moves along the shaft; round these wheels C, Plate 2, Sheet VI.,
and G1, Plate 1, Sheet III., there would pass a wire band. In the

page_text: middle of these wheels C and G1 are circular cavities fitting the
shafts, and on each side of the wheels are hexagonal projections with
two square holes, Plate 10, Sheet III., the projections having sphered
ends. Both the wheels A, B, and D, E, are alike, with 12-sided cavities,
in the alternate sides there are projecting teeth, see Plate 5, Sheet III.,
D, D, on the other C, C, are indentations; these grooves extend from
the mouth in the base of the cavity; at the bottom of this cavity are
10 small holes, as in Plate 9, Sheet III., for F, F, of the springs D, of
Plate 6, Sheet III. A piece of iron is cut to fit the 12-sided cavity with
a groove on each alternate side D, D, and a cog from the bottom, half
way to the mouth, as C, C, the piece of iron being kept in position by
screws F, F, of the springs D being pressed into the holes of this iron.
In the middle of this piece of iron there is a cavity cut, as B, D, for the
shaft the wheels before are similar. The mouths of the cavities are
sphered, and larger than the projections so they may easily enter.
The circular shaft and wheels only travel one way. The shaft has
three feathers fitting into the wheels; there are springs to the wheel
V, V, and the one behind it, Sheet III., Plate I. Over W, W, in Plate 1,
Sheet III., there is a wire rope which passes twice round, and passes
round a wheel in front twice, power being augmented by gearing and
speed reduced.
Method of Changing the Direction of the Wheels.-The shaft as shewn
in Sheet III., Plate 1, is just completing its movement from left to
right by the omission of 6 teeth on wheel 2, Sheet VI., Plate 1; and
as they strike the cogs of the shaft at the fourth cog from their
beginning, they leave 3 cogs to be pushed on by 10 of the wheel G,
Sheet VI., which striking against the large cog T 1, Sheet III.,
pushes C into its cavity at D, Sheet VI., and before it G 1, into W, W,
Sheet III.; and as soon as the wheels C and G 1 are pressed into their
cavities the catch E 1, Sheet III., falls over H1, and keeps the wheels
in their places; and as soon as the wheels are fully in their places and
the catch falls the upper wheels are released from their cogs on the
circular shaft, see P, P, Sheet III., Plate 1, and the adjustment for
furrow is completed, at the same time that the shaft which is between
the two wheels, see G 1, Sheet IV., is completing its movement from
left to right I 1, Sheet III., pushes the shaft G 2 and F 2, and changes
the direction of the motion, see Sheet VI., Plate 1; as changed A, E,
is pushed back bringing A, C, out of A, G, and pushes forward the

page_text: 01, C2, D2, of the ends at L, L; one passes round the wheel E 2, and
is fastened to one end of the traversing carriage 23 at F 2, the other end
passes against the wheels G 2, H2, and is fastened to the traversing
carriage at T, T, drawing it along the other two ends P, P; go over a
wheel,1, 2, through the traversing carriage on rollers, and on to O, O;
one end passing round W 2, and is fastened to the traversing carriage
at K 2; the other passes round L2 and is joined to the traversing
carriage at M 3; the other two ends of the ropes which pass round the
wheel L, O, M, Sheet IV., proceed round W1, one end passing
round X 1, and is fastened to the traversing carriage, the other end
round Y 1, and is fastened to the traversing carriage 23.
Left-hand Stationary Carriage.-The wheel L, O, M, Sheet IV.,
drawing the traversing carriage 20 towards 21, causing the traversing
carriage to turn W, I, Sheet II., Plate 1, and the small cog whcel F, A,
which turns F, F, at the bottom of which is wound a quantity of wire
rope, releases a certain quantity, which allows the traversing carriage 18
to proceed a certain distance, drawing nearer the stationary carriage,
keeping the rope always tight.
The traversing carriages 20 and 23 are about 18 feet long and about
10 feet broad, at the bottom of which are wheels made as rollers of a
length equal to the breadth of the traversing carriages. Each roller has
a number of circular cutters about one foot in diameter, see Sheet VII.
On the top of the carriage are five supports for the wire rope, which
would stretch across the field, the rope being fastened to the supports of
the opposite carriage, Sheet VII., Plate 4. Y 2, the rollers; P, the
stretched wire; D, D, rollers, the wire rope being about 2 feet from
the ground.
The stationary carriages at the corners of the field would be strongly
made with with the wheels, as described on Drawing Sheet I., Plate I.,
fastened to piles driven three fect in the ground and projecting six inches
above, or anchors may be used.
Description of the Plough, see Sheets VIII. and IX.-A, screw;
B, B, a piece of iron exactly fitting the screw at the bottom; it works
in the flat W. There are four screws to raise the plough, about four feet
apart in the length and nine inches in breadth, centre to centre, sec
Sheet VII., Plate 5. E, top of plough made of wood; F, iron; G, side
which turns the furrows; H, shear; I, a piece of iron stretching behind

page_text: the plough, and sharp at the bottom to clean the plough when raised;
K; iron grooved and at the top of the cutter R, so that when the plough
is raised at AO, O, sinks into the grooves at K, M, fixed to N ;
N, fixed to T, D; D, loose on 3BR, P, moves on N; P moves up and
down; Q, a slanting cut in the iron under K, about 12 inches broad, is
before and behind the knife. R, knife before plough W, on the shear
side of the plough, to prevent the mould being disturbed when the
plough is being drawn in the opposite direction. V, iron joining the
two ploughs; W, flat support for the wheels above, see Sheet IX., under
the wheels 5 and 2. 2, small wheel to keep wire rope in position ;
3, shaft for its support; 4, wheel over which passes the wire rope;
5, wire rope; 6, shaft, which turns rounds 7 through the flat W; over 7
is a small cog wheel which turns 12 cogs; 4 makes use of two yards of
rope to every one of progress. The wheels turn as the arrows, small
wheel above 7 going in the same direction, see Sheet IX. А В, В В,
C B, D B, FB, HB, turn as arrows, reducing the speed to one revolution
in every 108 yards. The axis goes through the flat, see Sheet VIII.,
and turns a small wheel one quarter of its diameter 216 of the speed
of 5, Sheet VIII., which turns five small wheels in the direction of
arrows, and turns large wheel 13 half a revolution in 108 yards. Two
strong cog wheels 19 strike against the cog wheel 15, which strike
against the cog of wheel 16, causing it to move one cog or a little more,
causing a wheel with 9 cogs to move about one-eighth; and as above
there are 72 cogs on the same wheel, with the cog wheel below of 9 cogs,
this turns 9 cogs, which strike against a wheel with 12 cogs, turning 19
the same way as the arrow strikes, and turns the wheel M, P, the same
way as the arrow, and as there. are wanting 18 cogs of the wheel 19,
causes the side to be raised first, and afterwards the
side, until
the bottom of the plough is about. 4 inches from the ground, and as the
cogs turn back again by an opposite pull of the wheel 5 A causes
the plough to be pressed again into the earth, the point near its journey
being the first pressed in. In its journey, at the end of 105 to 108 yards,
the plough is drawn out of the earth.
An alternative method of constructing my plough and traversing
carriage is as follows:-Upon the top of the traversing carriage, which
is about 17 feet broad, is a kind of covered shed made strongly of wood,
see Sheet 10, Plate I., A and B, Plate 3 A. The top declines equally

page_text: in a slope from the back to front L1, at about 1 in 6. This shed is
about 17 feet long by 6 feet broad, at the back 6 feet high, and at the
front 3 feet. In the shed at a convenient distance from the top are
5 supports, see Plate 1 B; Plate 2 B; Plate 9 A. These irons run
from the front of the traversing carriage, Plate 1, at an inclination the
same as the top of the shed nearly its whole length at L1, Plate I. In
the front of the shed they are bent horizontally, and are joined to the
wire ropes which run across the field to the opposite traversing carriage,
see Plate 4. They are in the shed of the traversing carriage, about the
same diameter as the cavity B, Plate 8. The wires, which are joined to
these supports and run across the field, are about 1 of an inch in
diameter, and are coated with gutta percha to the same diameter as the
cavity B, Plate 8. These supports are fastened to the top of the shed
their whole length, as B in Plate 9, and A, Plate 7.
The wheel R, Plate 1, which is turned by the lower wheels in front
of the engine, turns a wheel 2 the same size, having a wire rope twice
round it, one end over the two wheels S, S, and rests against the
wheel A, Plate 5, see L, Plate 3, and is fastened to the end of the
plough N or K, Plate 2; the other end goes over two other wheels
behind S, S, Plate 1, passes over the plough at A, Plate 2, and C,
plate 4, round the wheel; F goes over a wlicel at 2, and is fastened to
the plough at K, Plate 2.
The ploughs are made on a self-cleansing principle, joined back to
back, and both shears face one way; they are about 6 feet from point
to point; A, P, Plate 2, to S, P, at the top is a piece of strong wood
fitted with iron which is sunk in the cavities of the ploughs, see P,
Plate 2, the ploughs being strongly screwed to it; over this piece of
wood is another piece 6 feet long by 1½ feet broad and 4 inches thick,
which is strongly joined to P, Plate 2. At each extremity of this flat
piece of wood there are 5 levers, see Plate 10, at the end of which are
the rollers, see Plate 2 A, plate 8, and plate 7 D, under the centre
lower rollers at each extremity there is a shaft which proceeds to about
6 inches from the ground at the bottom, see Plate 2 F; through this
passes the wire rope which passes against the wheel A, Plate 5. There
is a projecting piece of iron H which goes into the cavity G, and also
another piece from this piece, sec M 1, 01, and B1, at the end of which
there is a spring E1, Plate II.; a, shaft from middle lever; B, catch;
C, D, arms projecting; E, spring.

page_text: The ploughs are raised as follows:-As soon as E, Plate 2, arrives
at L1, H pushes up G, which is clasped by the cogs of F, see Plate 12;
A, B, C, D, and G is kept in its place, Plate 5, by the cogs at the
bottom of F, which are at O, Plate 6. At the same time the spring E 1,
see Plate II., pushes back M 1, and H is pushed into its cavity, and the
rope N, Plate 1, pulls the ploughs up the incline, as seen in Plate I G,
arriving close to the wheel S, Plate 1.
The rollers at the ends of the levers rest upon the supports D, Plate 1,
the traversing carriages then being pulled to the adjustment of another
furrow. The ploughs are pulled back, P, M, pushing up G, being held
by the cogs M, P, and releases H. P, M, can only bend one way
on account of M, M 1, fitting in its cavity at G, and the spring El
passing over M1, M1, holding A, B, C, D, in its place, and M1 resting
against L; P, M, P, V, I, M, L, M, I, are all at the sides of the slant, see
Plate 6, 0, 0, M 1, keeps A. in its place, the wire rope passing under
the wheel A, see E, Plate 6. The same operation is performed at the
traversing carriage at the opposite side.
The ploughs in the Drawing, Sheet 10, are turned the wrong side for
working.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my
said Invention, and how the same may be carried into practical
operation, I would have it understood that what I claim and desire
to secure by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,—
Firstly. The arrangement of fuel feeding apparatus, as herein-before
described and illustrated by the accompanying Drawings.
Secondly. The arrangement of boiler and furnace, as herein-before
described and illustrated by the accompanying Drawings.
Thirdly. The arrangement of engine and gearing with apparatus com-
plete for working the carriages and ploughs, as herein-before described
and illustrated by the accompanying Drawings.
Fourthly: The arrangement of fixed carriages and guide pulleys as
herein before described and ascertained by the accompanying Drawings.
Fifthly. The arrangement of traversing carriages and gearing for
setting the furrow and working the plough, as herein-before described
and illustrated by the accompanying Drawings..

page_text: Sixthly. The arrangement of double plough and gearing for raising
the plough from the furrow, as herein-before described and illustrated
by the accompanying Drawings.
And, Seventhly. The arrangement of the ploughing apparatus and
machinery complete, substantially as herein-before described and illus.
trated by the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Arthur Frederic Martindale, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Fifth day of November,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
five.
ARTHUR FREDERIC MARTINDALE. (L.S.)