Improvements in Files.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd Jan., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 27th July, 1889-Accepted, 31st Aug., 1889
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Files.
We THOMAS HODDER HEARD of 57 London Road Derby in the county of Derby
Traveller, and WILLIAM KIRKLEY BIRKINSHAW of 9 Madely Street Derby in the
County of Derby Merchant do hereby declare the nature of our said invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN FILES to be as follows:-
The object of this invention is to cheapen the production of files by reducing the
weight of steel used therein. The necessary strength being retained by means of a
handle and back in combination as hereinafter mentioned.
In the manufacture of the file we reduce the steel to about one half its usual thick-
ness and pass it through the process now employed in order to produce a finished
We purpose to define this invention as hereinafter described to be known as the
veneer file.
file.
The veneer file which is part in combination of this invention has one,
tangs of any required shape to correspond with the handle.
two or more
The handle is made of either cast or wrought material and with a continuing back
either solid or attached thereto of any required length, breadth, thickness and
shapo.
The file handle and back may be formed with lugs placed in convenient places
for the purpose of preventing the veneer file moving to either side when in
position.
Or if required a thumb or other suitable scrow, may be passed through the handle
upon either side to further secure the file when in position.
In carrying this invention into effect the tang end of the file is fixed in the handle
and the back lies longitudinally upon one side of the said filo giving strength thereto,
and allowing an operator to work with any pressure ho may require without damaging
the said file.
When the one side of the said file has become worn or otherwise useless it may be
easily with drawn from the handle and reversed or if both sidos be worn another file
easily fitted therein.
Dated this 14th day of January 1889.
GARLICK & M°GOWAN,
Agents for the Applicants.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Files.
We, THOMAS HODDER HEARD of 57 London Road Derby in the County of Derby
Traveller, and WILLIAM KIRKLEY BIRKINSHAW of 9 Madeley Street Derby, in the
County of Derby, Merchant do hereby declare the nature of our said invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FILES" and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :—
The object of this invention is to cheapen the production of files by reducing the
weight of steel used therein. The necessary strength being retained by means of a
handle and back in combination as hereinafter mentioned.
In the manufacture of the file we reduce the steel to about one half its usual thick-
ness and pass it through the process now employed in order to produce a finished file.
We purpose to define this invention as heroinafter described to be known as the
file.
Vanaar file.

page_text: The veneer file which is part in combination of this invention has one two or more
tangs of any required shape to correspond with the handle.
The handle is made of either wood, cast or wrought material, and with a continuing
back either solid or attached thereto of any required length, breadth, thickness and
shape.
The file handle and back may be formed with lugs placed in convenient places
for the purpose of preventing the veneer file moving to either side when in
position.
Or if required a thumb or other suitable screw may be passed through the
handle upon either side or at either end to further secure the file when in position.
In carrying this invention into effect the tang end of the file is fixed in the handle
and the back lies longitudinally upon one side of the said file giving strength thereto,
and allowing an operator to work with any pressure he may require without damaging
the said file.
At the forward end of the said file back may be formed a suitable recess or
projection for the purpose of preventing the operator's hand slipping.
When one side of the said file has become worn or otherwise useloss, it may be
easily withdrawn from the handle and reversed, or, if both sides be worn, another file
easily fitted therein.
The file is a veneer or thin formed file baving one, two or more tangs of suitable
form.
The file handle and back is preferably made as follows :-
A piece of wrought or cast steel or iron of required length breadth and thickness is
formed with a crank or shoulder at the forward part of the handle and the cranked or
shouldered part has one, two or more recesses or holes of desired shape or size formed
therein for the purpose of receiving the before named veneer file tang or tangs.
Suitable scales or handles of wood or other material may be affixed to the said file
back.
Upon the inner part or side of the file back and running crosswise may be formed
at intervals projections for the purpose of steadying the veneer file when in position.
As a modification the file handle and back may be made in one solid part of suitable
material.
Should the file back and handle be made all of wood then a cast or wrought core
to receive the tang or tangs is fitted securely and suitably therein.
The accompanying drawings illustrate our invention. The same letters of
reference apply to the different parts throughout reverse views.
Fig. 1 is a plan of the file A shewing the tangs B.
Fig. 2 is a plan of the file handle and back C shewing the handle partly. in
section.
Fig. 3 is a side view of Fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is a plan shewing the file back bent at D to allow a wood or other handle to
be attached, the handle being part in section.
Fig. 5 is a section of Fig. 4.
Fig. 6 is an end view of the file back, shewing the step at D, also the holes E, E,
to allow of the tangs of the file to pass into the handle.
Fig. 7 is a similar view to Fig. 6 but shewing a recess or gate cut to suit a tang as
shewn in Fig. 1.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :
Firstly The manufacture of a file back and handle either of solid material or of
materials in combination.
Secondly-A veneer file which may be made with or without tang or tangs being
in combination with the said file and back.

page_text: Thirdly-The means of securing the said veneer file to the back and handle
as herein before specified, described, and as illustrated by the accompanying
drawings.
GARLICK & MCGOWAN,
Agents for the Applicants.