Im- PROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT AND APPLICATION OF PAPER WASTE
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Dewar, Doctor of Medicine, Kirkcaldy,
in the County of Fife, North Britain, for the Invention of "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT AND APPLICATION OF PAPER WASTE."
Sealed the 21st January 1870, and dated the 1st November 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Dewar at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 1st November 1869.
I, JAMES DEWAR, Doctor of Medicine, Kirkcaldy, in the County of
Fife, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT AND APPLICATION OF PAPER WASTE," to
be as follows:-
I dry the refuse or waste of rags, esparto grass, and other fibrous
substances used in the manufacture of paper called paper waste, and
then steep the dried substance in liquid manure, so that the latter may
be absorbed by the former. Or otherwise I take dry manurial substances
and mix them with paper waste in a more or less liquid condition, and
I find that the substances so combined by either of these processes make

page_text: a useful artificial manure, and which if dried may be stored and
preserved for a long period of time, and when ground or otherwise
broken down may be used in a convenient form. Also I take paper
waste, and after drying it I mix it with rags, esparto grass, and other
substances usually employed in making paper, and I find that the
substances so combined form a useful material for making various
descriptions of paper cards and boards, for example, a combination of
three parts by weight of dried paper waste with two parts of the other
substances usually employed as aforesaid gives a material suitable for
making coarse brown paper. The paper waste may be consolidated by
pressing, rolling, and drying into a solid consistency, in which condition
it is suitable for making boards, plates, sheets, and by mixing it with
earth, wood, ashes, or other such substances in a more or less subdivided
or powdered condition previously to treating it as above the mixture
may be used for building and other constructive purposes. For these
purposes I find it best to add such a quantity of the powdered carth
or other substances above mentioned as will when mixed with the
liquid paper waste bring the composition to the consistency of ordinary
mortar. It is then to be dried, pressed, and rolled as above described.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James Dewar in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 30th April 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
DEWAR, Doctor of Medicine, Kirkcaldy, in the County of Fife, North
Britain, send greeting.
WHEREAS Пer most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the First day of November, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-third
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Ter heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said James Dewar, Her special licence that I, the
baid James Dewar, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said James Dewar, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United

page_text: Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT AND APPLI-
CATION OF PAPER WASTE," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said James Dewar, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar montlis
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Dewar, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, that is to say :-
In the process of manufacturing paper there results a large quantity
of refuse commonly called paper waste which it is very desirable to
turn to useful purposes. This paper waste is composed to a large extent
of the refuse or waste of rags, esparto grass, and other fibrous vegetable
matters used in the manufacture of paper.
The nature of my Invention consists in the employment or appli-
cation of the paper waste to the purposes and in the manner herein-after
mentioned.
I take the paper waste and dry it, and then steep the dried substance
in liquid manure, so that the latter may be absorbed by the former.
To expedite and render more complete this absorption I find it desirable
to break up or pulverize the dried paper waste before steeping.
Another mode I adopt is to mix dry manurial substances with paper
waste in a more or less liquid condition. I find that the substances
combined in either of the modes above mentioned form a useful arti-
ficial manure. This compound substance may if dried be stored and
preserved in an innocuous condition for a long period of time. When so
dried it should before being used as manure be broken down or pul-
verized for use in a convenient form. I also take the paper waste, and
after drying it I mix it with rags, esparto grass, and other substances
usually employed in making paper, and I find that a large portion of
paper producing substance may be thereby recovered from the paper
waste, which combined with the other substances forms a useful material
for making various descriptions of coarse paper, cards, and boards.
I find, for example, that a combination of three parts by weight of dried

page_text: paper waste with two parts of the other substances usually employed
as aforesaid gives a material suitable for making coarse brown paper.
I also take paper waste and reduce it by pressing, rolling, and drying
into a solid consistency, and make from it boards, plates, and sheets.
I also add to the paper waste before reducing it to the solid condition
earth, sawdust, ashes, or other such like substancos (which are of
themselves of little value) in a more or less subdivided or pulverized
condition, and then render the mixture solid by pressure, rolling, and
drying, and when so treated it forms a compound which I make into
bricks or mould into any convenient shape for building and other con-
structive purposes. For these purposes I find it best to add such a
quantity of powdered earth or other substances of the description above
mentioned as will when mixed with the liquid paper wasto bring the
composition to the consistency of ordinary mortar. It is then to be
dried, pressed, and rolled as above directed.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that
I do not claim the exclusive use of the substances above mentioned
except when employed for the purposes of my said Invention, which I
hereby declare to consist in the treatment and application of paper waste
as above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Dewar, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of April, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.
JAMES DEWAR. (L.S.)