IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF WROUGHT METAL WHEELS
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Loftus Perkins, of Seaford Street, Gray's Inn
Road, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF WROUGHT METAL WHEELS."
Sealed the 17th October 1868, and dated the 27th April 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Loftus Perkins at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th April 1868.
I, LOFTUS PERKINS, of Seaford Street, Gray's Inn Road, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT METAL WHEELS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the manufacturing a wheel of
wrought metal without its being necessary to weld the ends of the
spokes to the nave and tyre. For this purpose the spokes, which are
by preference composed of tubes, are formed with screw threads at their
ends, and such spokes are screwed both into the nave and into the tyre.
To admit of this the holes in the tyre into which the spokes are screwed
are formed entirely through the tyre, so that the spokes may be intro-

page_text: duced into their place through these holes; or, in place of this, the
spokes may all first be screwed into their places in the nave, and
afterwards each spoke may be screwed back a distance to cause its outer
end to enter and screw into a hole formed to receive it in the tyre. In
order to secure the spokes when they are thus screwed into their places,
and to prevent their becoming unscrewed, I hammer or close in the
metal of the nave and tyre around the ends of the tubular spokes, by
which means the joints between the nave, the tyre, and the spokes are
rendered perfect. When tubular spokes are used and are passed into
their places through holes formed through the tyre, then I weld into
or otherwise fix in the outer end of the tube a suitable metal plug.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Loftus Perkins in the Great Scal Patent Office
on the 27th October 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, LOFTUS
PERKINS, of Seaford Street, Gray's Inn Road, Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of April, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in
the thirty-first year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said Loftus Perkins, Her
special licence that I, the said Loftus Perkins, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others, as I, the said Loftus Perkins,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT METAL WHEELS," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Loftus Perkins, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to

page_text: be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Loftus Perkins, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object the manufacturing a wheel of
wrought metal without its being necessary to weld the ends of the
spokes to the nave and tyre. For this purpose the spokes (which
are by preference composed of tubes) are formed with screw threads
at their ends, and such spokes are screwed both into the nave and
into the tyre. To admit of this the holes in the tyre into which the
spokes are screwed may be formed entirely through the tyre, and the
spokes may all first be screwed into their places in the tyre, and
afterwards each spoke may be screwed back a distance to cause its
inner end to. enter and screw into a hole formed to receive it in the
nave. In order to secure the spokes when they are thus screwed
into their places and to prevent their becoming unscrewed I hammer
or close in the metal of the nave and tyre around the ends of the
tubular spokes, by which means the joints between the nave, tho
tyre, and the spokes are rendered perfect. When tubular spokes are
used I weld into or otherwise fix in the outer end of the tube a
suitable metal plug.
And in order that my said Invention may be most fully understood
and readily carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the Drawings
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is a side view, and Figure 2 a front view on a small
scale of a wheel constructed according to my Invention; Figure 3 is
a transverse section of the same full size or thereabout.
a, a, is the boss of the wheel, which I make of wrought iron; it
has holes bored in it for the reception of the spokes, and these holes
are tapped with screw threads. 6 is the tyre, also of wrought iron
and with holes bored and tapped in it for the reception of the spokes.
c, c, are the spokes; I prefer that they should be wrought iron

page_text: tubes tapering from the boss end outwards, and at the outer end or
at both ends, as the Drawing shows, I weld plugs into the tubes so
as to close them. Screw threads are cut on the ends of the spokes,
and the screw at the tyre end is made so long that the spoke
may be screwed some distance through the tyre and then backed
into the hole in the nave. Care is taken to set the tyre truly
concentric with the nave before screwing the spokes back, so as to
cause them to enter the tapped holes in the nave. The spokes may
be left slightly long, and be cut off flush with the tyre after they
have been screwed home, or in some cases this will be unnecessary.
After the spokes are screwed home by means of a caulking tool I
caulk each joint between the spokes and the nave and between the
spokes and the tyre, and so drive in the metal of the nave and tyre
upon the spokes and burr the screw threads on the spokes so as to
render it impossible for the screws afterwards to turn."
]
There are other ways in which the parts may be put together in
place of that above described; thus the holes in the nave may be
of such a depth that the spokes may first be screwed into the nave
and then backed out into the tyre, or the threaded parts of the
spokes may be their largest diameter, and then they may be screwed 2
in from the outside of the tyre, but these methods I believe to be
less advantageous than that which I have described.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention and the
manner of performing the same, I would have it understood that
what I claim is, the manufacture of wrought metal wheels by screwing 2
the spokes both into the nave and tyre.
I also claim the hammering or closing in the metal of the nave
and tyre around the ends of the spokes as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Loftus Perkins, have hereunto set
my hand and scal, this Twenty-seventh day of October, in the 3
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight.
LOFTUS PERKINS. (T. 9)