Improvements in Apparatus for the Treatment of Sewage and other Liquids, and for Controlling the Flow of Gas from same.
Year: 1898

page_text: Improvements in Apparatus for the Treatment of Sewage and other
Liquids, and for Controlling the Flow of Gas from same.
We, DONALD CAMERON, of Sylvan Road, Pennsylvania, Exeter, Civil Engineer,
FREDERICK JAMES COMMIN, of 7, Bedford Circus, Exeter, Fellow of the Institute
of Surveyors, and ARTHUR JOHN MARTIN, of Bradninch House, Exeter, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:--
This invention relates primarily to apparatus for the purification of sewage,
especially in connection with the generation of gas, but parts of it are also
applicable to other purposes.
The first part of our invention relates to tanks in which sewage is purified or
freed of solid matter by deposition, precipitation, bacterial action or otherwise,
and consists in tanks having two or more decks or floors over which the sewage is
caused to pass. The spaces between the decks may be connected together at the
ends of the tank, or may all be connected with the inlet and outlet, so that the
sewage entering the tank may branch or divide, a part going through one space
and another part through another; but we prefer to connect the inlet with one
space only (the upper one), and the outlet with one (the lower one), and to connect
up the spaces in such a way that the sewage shall pass through them all in suc-
cession.
This can be conveniently effected by forming the connections alternately at
opposite ends of the spaces between the different decks or floors.
The object of this part of our invention is to provide in a small space a con-
siderable area of floor to receive deposited matter, whereby the separation of solid
matter from the sewage is facilitated. Moreover it is in some cases desirable
that the matter so deposited shall be subjected to the washing action of the sewage,
and our invention secures the exposure of a considerable area to such action.
According to our invention depressions or pockets are also provided at the ends
of the spaces between the decks into which the deposited matter may drift, and
from which it may be removed without emptying the tank. By varying the depth
of the spaces between the decks, the velocity of passage through them may be
varied as desired, so that the deposited matter may be graded according to its
fineness and density. This feature of our invention renders it applicable to any
process other than sewage treatment in which it is desired to effect such a gradua-
tion of the deposited matter from liquids.
The second part of our invention relates to tanks in which liquid is treated and
gas is generated either by the decomposition of deposited solid matter or otherwise,
and it consists in means whereby such gas may be conveniently drawn off for use
when required. To this end it is desirable to have means for producing a pressure

page_text: in the tank, in order to expel the gas generated. To provide such a pressure at
will the tank is covered, and the inlets and outlets for the liquid under treatment
are submerged, leaving no communication with the outside, except the pipe or
passage through which the gas is drawn off, while two or more outlets (or two or
more branches from the same outlet) are provided at different levels through any
of which the outflowing liquid may be caused to pass. When it is not desired to
draw off gas from the tank, the liquid will be drawn off by the lower outlet, while
when the gas is to be drawn off such lower outlet will be closed, and the liquid
thereby forced to rise to the level of a higher outlet. By reason of the liquid being
thus raised at the outlet above that in the tank, a pressure, corresponding to the
difference in level, will be created in the tank. When the gas is no longer to be
drawn off, the lower outlet is opened once more, and the liquid in the tank tends
again to its former level, the space vacated by the liquid being occupied by the
gas generated.
With the arrangement above described it is obvious that the tendency will be to
give a varying pressure, greatest when the lower outlet is first closed and becoming
less as the level of the liquid in the tank rises. By a further development of our
invention we are enabled to keep the pressure approximately constant. This im-
provement, (which may be used either alone or in conjunction with the arrange-
ment already described), consists substantially in the employment of a chamber
outside the tank into which the outflow from the latter passes by a submerged out-
let, the outlet from such chamber being capable of adjustment so as to be at a
constant height above the liquid in the tank. The outlet from the chamber may
consist of an opening or openings with means for throttling the same; or a series
of weirs at different levels, with sluices or other means for cutting off access to
the lower weirs; or a single weir having a movable crest the height of which is
controlled by a float or floats; or a pipe the height of whose upper end is controlled
by a float or floats. If such a pipe is used it may pass over the wall of the chamber
as a siphon, or may be connected with a fixed outlet by a pivotted connection or
a flexible tube, or may slide through a socket: in the last case leakage of liquid
through the socket may be prevented by a mercury seal. Whatever form the
outlet from the chamber takes, the adjustment of such outlet to carry off the out-
flow at the desired level is effected by a float or floats in the chamber itself, or
another chamber in communication therewith, such float or floats being under a
cover or covers whose edges dip into the liquid, the spaces within such cover or
covers being communication with the upper part of the tank. The lip of the
overflow is so adjusted with respect to the float or floats that the difference in level
- of the surface of the liquid in the chamber and the surface of the liquid around
the floats shall be equal to the pressure which it is desired to maintain in the tank.
The third part of our invention relates to means for filling and emptying tanks,
filters or other receptacles, which receptacles will be referred to herein as
66 filters"
and embodies improvements in the invention described in the Specification of
Patent No. 3003, dated 10th February, 1896, granted to Donald Cameron and
Frederick James Commin. In the invention referred to provision was made for
opening and closing the valves of two or more filters automatically by causing an
overflow from such filters to pass into actuating buckets, such buckets being
mounted on a frame or otherwise carried by a shaft or shafts. The present im-
provement consists in suspending such buckets from the lever, (or one of the
levers) carrying the aforesaid valves, whereby a considerable saving of space is
effected, and the apparatus is simplified. In some cases the buckets may be placed
on the rods by which the valves are connected with the lever on the shaft, and in
such cases if only two filters are used an overflow pipe connecting the two dis-
charge wells will be substituted for the two overflow pipes which would otherwise
have been necessary. In other cases the lever to which the valve rods are con--
nected may be continued beyond them on one side or on both sides to receive the
bucket or buckets, the leverage of which will thus be increased. In this case the
buckets, if two are used, will be suspended in chambers connected with the dis-

page_text: charge wells. The buckets may, as described in the specification of the prior patent
above referred to, be filled with water overflowing from a filter which has just been
filled; but it is obviously not material whether the water which enters the bucket
be derived from a filter, or whether it be caused to flow from some other source
into the bucket, provided that such flow be caused by the filling of one of the
filters to the desired height.
The descending bucket need not be emptied immediately, but the water may
remain therein to hold the buckets and valves in their new position. When the
lower bucket is again raised by the descent of that on the other side of the shaft,
the weight of its contents will be neutralized by the water from the filter, which
will then surround it. This water, falling as the discharge proceeds, will bring
into action a siphon connected with the bucket, whereby the contents of the latter
will escape. In order to prevent this siphon from coming into action when the
bucket is first filled, the top of the siphon will be above that of the bucket, so
that no water can possibly overflow through it at that time; but when the filter
fills, the filtered effluent, rising in the descending leg of the siphon, will displace
the air therein.through a small air valve, thus charging the siphon, which will
come into action as soon as the water in the chamber is drawn off.
In some cases, as for instance when the valves of a single filter only are carried
by each shaft, a single bucket may be used instead of two. The bucket will then
be placed on that side of the shaft opposite to the discharge valve which will be
opened by it, and the rate of filling of the bucket may be regulated if so desired.
The descent of the bucket will cause the discharge of the filter and the closing of
its supply valve. The reversal of this motion will be brought about by the over-
flow from another filter into the chamber in which the bucket is hung, the water
surrounding the bucket neutralizing the weight of that in the bucket, which will
ascend, the weight of the moving parts being so adjusted that the discharge valve
will fall on to its seat. As soon as the chamber is full its contents will be released,
which may be effected either by a valve connected with the lever carrying the
bucket, or by a syphon, preferably the latter. The bucket will be emptied at the
same time, preferably by a siphon, brought into action as already described.
In applying this part of our invention to cases in which it is desirable to dis-
charge the contents of a filter at two or more different levels, as for instance where
the filtered water has to be delivered upon land a part of which lies above the
level of the bottom of the filter, we provide such filter with two or more discharge
valves each having a pipe or passage delivering at the desired level. If there are
two discharge valves, they will be suspended from opposite ends of a lever, which
will be carried, at or near its centre, by another lever preferably fixed on the shaft,
receiving its motion from the actuating buckets as already described. The
weights of the two discharge valves will be so proportioned that, when the lever
carrying them is lifted, if there is no water over the valves the valve deliver-
ing at the higher level shall remain onl its seat, and that delivering
at the lower level shall be lifted; but if the filter is full when the
lever is lifted, the pressure of water on the lower valve shall cause
it to remain on its seat, SO that the higher valve shall be lifted,
and the contents of the filter escape thereby at the higher level. As the water in
the filter is drawn off, the pressure on the lower valve will be reduced, until a
point is reached at which the weight of the higher valve overcomes that of the
lower valve and the water pressure thereon, and opens the latter, discharging the
remaining contents of the filter at the lower level.
An additional valve or valves may be worked in the same way by means of an
additional lever or levers.
Dated this 8th day of March 1898

page_text: Improvements in Apparatus for the Treatment of Sewage and other
Liquids, and for Controlling the Flow of Gas from same.
We, DONALD CAMERON, of Sylvan Road, Pennsylvania, Exeter, Civil Engineer,
FREDERICK JAMES COMMIN, of 7, Bedford Circus, Exeter, Fellow of the Institute
of Surveyors, and ARTHUR JOIN MARTIN, of Bradninch House, Exeter, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and 5
by the following statement:-
This invention relates primarily to apparatus for the purification of sewage,
especially in connection with the generation of gas, but parts of it are also
applicable to other purposes.
Our invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section,
Fig. 2 a plan view, and
Fig. 3 a transverse section of a tank for use in the treatment of sewage having
a number of decks or floors over which the sewage is caused to pass.
Fig. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of a tank provided with means for
creating a pressure within same in order to expel the gas generated by the decom-
position of deposited solid matter or otherwise, and
Fig. 5 is a sectional plan view of same, the upper part and cover of the tank
being removed.
Fig. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view of means we may employ for the purpose
of maintaining a constant pressure, and
Fig. 7 is a plan view of same.
Fig. 8 is a longitudinal section, and
Fig. 9 a plan view illustrating that part of our invention which relates to means
for filling and emptying tanks, filters, and other receptacles, and showing the
buckets for actuating the different valves mounted on the valve rods.
Fig. 10 is a longitudinal section and
Fig. 11 a plan view illustrating an arrangement in which a single bucket
(instead of a pair of same) is employed, such bucket being carried by the lever
which also carries the valve rods.
Fig. 12 is a longitudinal section, and
Fig. 13 a plan view showing an arrangement which may be employed when it
is desired to discharge the effluent from the filters at two different levels.
The first part of our invention relates to tanks in which sewage is purified or
freed of solid matter by decomposition, precipitation, bacterial action or otherwise,
and, as will be seen by reference to Figs. 1, 2 and 3, consists in tanks having two
or more decks or floors 59, 60, over which the sewage is caused to
pass. The spaces
between the decks may as shown be connected together at the ends of the tank 26,
or may all be connected with the inlet 48 and outlet 49, so that the sewage enter-
ing the tank may branch or divide, a part going through one space and another
part through another; but we prefer to connect the inlet 48 with one space only
(the upper one), and the outlet 49 with one (the lower one) only, and to connect
up the spaces in such a way, that the sewage shall pass through them all in suc-
cession.
This can be conveniently effected by forming the connections alternately at
opposite ends of the spaces between the different decks or floors.
The object of this part of our invention is to provide in a small space a con-
siderable area of floor to receive deposited matter, whereby the separation of solid
matter from the sewage is facilitated. Moreover it is in some cases desirable

page_text: that the matter so deposited shall be subjected to the washing action of the sewage,
and our invention secures the exposure of a considerable area to such action.
According to our invention depressions or pockets 61 may also be provided at
the ends of the spaces between the decks or in the lower floor only of the tank as
shown, into which the deposited matter may drift, and from which it may be
removed without emptying the tank. By varying the depth of the spaces between
the decks, the velocity of passage through them may be varied as desired, so that
the deposited matter may be graded according to its fineness and density. This
feature of our invention renders it applicable to any process other than sewage.
treatment in which it is desired to effect such a graduation of the deposited matter
from liquids.
A further object of our invention is to provide means whereby the
gas generated
in tanks or receptacles by the decomposition of sewage or other organic matter may
be conveniently drawn off for use when required. With this object in view it is
desirable to have means for producing a pressure in the tank or other receptacle,
in order to expel the gas generated.
Figs. 4 and 5 show one arrangement which may be employed for this purpose,
and in these figs. it will be seen that the receptacle 26 is provided with a cover 27
and that the inlet 48 and outlet 49 for the liquid under treatment are submerged,
leaving no communication with the outside except the pipe or passage 28 througli
which the gas is drawn off. Two or more outlets 49 and 49 (or two or more
branches from the same outlet) are provided, such outlets opening at different
levels, and through any of which the outflowing liquid may be caused to pass.
When it is not desired to draw off gas from the tank, the liquid will be drawn
off by the lower outlet 49, while when it is desired to draw the gas off such lower
outlet 49 will be closed by means of the valve 50, and the outflowing liquid will
therefore be forced to rise to the level of the higher outlet 49", as shown in broken
lines at 51 in Fig. 4.
By reason of the liquid being thus raised at the outlet above that in the tank
or receptacle, a pressure, corresponding to the difference in level, will be created in
the tank, under which pressure the gas will pass off through the pipe 28.
When the gas is no longer to be drawn off, the valve 50 on the lower outlet 49
is opened, and the liquid in the tank then tends to return again to its former level,
the space vacated by the liquid being occupied by the gas generated.
With the arrangement above described it is obvious that the tendency will be to
give a varying pressure, greatest when the lower outlet 49 is first closed and becom-
ing less as the level of the liquid in the tank rises, but by the arrangement shown in
Figs. 6 and 7 we are enabled to keep the pressure approximately constant.
This arrangement (which may be used either alone or in conjunction with that
shown in Figs. 4 and 5) consists substantially in the employment of a chamber 52
outside the tank 26 into which the outflow from the latter passes by a submerged
outlet or outlets 53, the outlet from such chamber 52 being capable of adjustment
so as to be at a constant height above the liquid in the tank. The outlet from the
chamber may consist of an opening or openings with means for throttling the
same; or a series of weirs at different levels, with sluices or other means for
cutting off access to the lower weirs; or a single weir having a movable crest the
height of which is controlled by a float or floats; or (as shown) a pipe 55 the height
of whose upper end is controlled by a float or floats 54. If such a pipe is used it
may as shown be branched and pass over the wall of the chamber as a siphon, or may
be connected with a fixed outlet by a pivotted connection or a flexible tube, or -
may slide through a socket; in the last case leakage of liquid through the socket
may be prevented by a mercury seal. Whatever form the outlet from the
chamber 52 takes, the adjustment of such outlet to carry off the outflow at the
desired level is effected by a float or floats 54 in the chamber itself, or another
chamber in communication therewith, the pipe 55 forming the outlet shown being
carried by the float or floats 54, and such float or floats being under a cover or
covers 56, whose edges dip into the liquid, the spaces within such cover or covers

page_text: being in communication with the upper part of the tank through pipes 57. The
lip 58 of the overflow is so adjusted with respect to the float or floats that the
difference in level of the surface of the liquid in the chamber and the surface of
the liquid around the floats shall be equal to the pressure which it is desired to
maintain in the tank.
It will be seen that with this arrangement if the level of the liquid in the
receptacle or tank 26 rises or falls the floats 54 will also be raised or lowered, and as
the pipe 55 forming the outlet is carried by such floats its lip or overflow 58 will
be correspondingly moved, so that its level in relation to that of the liquid in the
chamber 52 (upon which the degree of the pressure created in the receptacle or
tank depends) will always remain practically the same, and therefore the pressure
of the liquid on the gas generated in the receptacle 26 will also remain practically
constant.
"The third part of our invention relates to means for filling and emptying tanks,
filters or other receptacles, which receptacles will be referred to herein as
filters"
and embodies improvements in the invention described in the Specification of
Patent No. 3003, dated 10th February, 1896, granted to Donald Cameron and
Frederick James Comumin. In the invention referred to provision was made for
opening and closing the valves of two or more filters automatically by causing an
overflow from such filters to pass into actuating buckets, such buckets being
mounted on a frame or otherwise carried by a shaft or shafts. The present im-
provement consists in suspending such buckets from the lever (or one of the levers)
carrying the aforesaid valves, whereby a considerable saving of space is effected,
and the apparatus is simplified. In some cases the buckets may, as shown in
Figs. 8 and 9, be carried by the valve rods 17 connecting the lever 18 with the
valves. In these figures the filters 1 and 2 receive their supply of liquid through
valves 1 and 2 and conduits or passages 1 and 2, and are discharged through
conduits 1 and 2 from discharge wells 1 and 24, by means of valves 1° and 2.
If, as shown in Figs. 8 and 9, only two filters are used, it will only be necessary
for the purpose of actuating the valves to connect the two discharge wells 1
and 2 by means of a single overflow pipe 19. This being the case, and the parts
being in the position shown in Fig. 8, it will be seen that on the liquid from the
filter 1 rising in discharge well 1d to the level of the overflow pipe 19, some of such
liquid will pass through such pipe into the bucket 8, which is then in its raised
position. This bucket will thus be depressed, and the positions of the valves 1b
and 2 and 1 and 2" will be reversed, so that filter 1 will be discharged and filter 2
opened to supply.
In other cases the lever to which the valve rods are connected may be continued
beyond them on one side or on both sides to receive the bucket or buckets, the
leverage of which will thus be increased. In this case the buckets, if two are
used, will be suspended in chambers connected with the discharge wells. The
buckets may be filled with water overflowing from a filter which has just been
filled; but it is obviously not material whether the water which enters the bucket
be derived from a filter, or whether it be caused to flow from some other source
into the bucket, provided that such flow be caused by the filling of one of the
filters to the desired height.
The descending bucket need not be emptied immediately, but the water may
remain therein to hold the buckets and valves in their new position. When the
lower bucket is again raised by the descent of that on the other side of the shaft,
the weight of its contents will be neutralised by the water from the filter, which
will then surround it. This water, falling as the discharge proceeds, will bring
into action a siphon 20 connected with the bucket, whereby the contents of the
latter will escape. In order to prevent this siphon from coming into action when
the bucket is first filled, the top of the siphon will be above that of the bucket,
so that no water can possibly overflow through it at that time; but when the filter
fills, the filtered effluent, rising in the descending leg of the siphon, will displace

page_text: the air therein through a small air valve 20%, thus charging the siphon, which
will come into action as soon as the water in the chamber is drawn off.
In some cases, as for example when the valves of a single filter only are carried
by each shaft, a single bucket may be used instead of two. This arrangement is
shown in Figs. 10 and 11, in which it will be seen that the bucket 7 is placed on
that side of the shaft 6 opposite to the discharge valve 1° which will be opened by
it. The rate of filling of the bucket from well 14 through the pipe 9" may be
regulated if so desired. The descent of the bucket will cause the discharge of
the filter and the closing of its supply valve 1b, which as shown is carried by the
lever 25 on which the bucket and also the discharge valve are mounted. The
reversal of this motion will be brought about by the overflow from another filter
passing through nipe 9 into the chamber 21 in which the bucket 7 is hung, the
water surrounding the bucket neutralising the weight of that in the bucket, which
will ascend, the weight of the moving parts being so adjusted that the discharge
valve 1e will fall on to its seat. As soon as the chamber 21 is full
its contents will be released, which may be effected either by a valve
connected with the lever carrying the bucket, or as shown by a siphon 22,
preferably the latter. The bucket will be emptied at the same time, preferably
by a siphon 20, brought into action as already described.
In applying this part of our invention to cases in which it is desirable to dis-
charge the contents of a filter at two or more different levels, as for instance where
the filtered water has to be delivered upon land a part of which lies above the
level of the bottom of the filter, we provide such filter with two or more discharge
valves each having a pipe or passage delivering at the desired level. If, as shown
in Figs. 12 and 13, there are two discharge valves 1° and 1', they will be suspended
from opposite ends of a lever 23, which will be carried at or near its centre, by
a link 24 pivotted to another lever 25 preferably fixed on the shaft 6, receiving
One
its motion from the actuating bucket or buckets as already described.
bucket only is shown, but it will be readily understood that if desired a pair of
buckets may be used, as previously described. The weights of the two discharge
valves 1 and 1 will be so proportioned that, when the lever carrying them is
lifted, if there is no water over the valves, the valve 1' delivering at the higher
level shall remain on its seat, and the valve 1º delivering at the lower level shall
be lifted but if the filter is full when the lever is lifted, the pressure of water on
the lower valve 1e shall cause it to remain on its seat, so that the higher valve 1
shall be lifted, and the contents of the filter escape thereby at the higher
level. As the water in the filter is drawn off, the pressure on the lower
valve 1 will be reduced, until a point is reached at which the weight of the higher
valve overcomes that of the lower valve and the water pressure thereon, and opens
the latter, discharging the remaining contents of the filter at the lower level.
In Figs. 12 and 13 we have as already stated shown a single bucket 7 only for
actuating the lever 25 at the desired times, the arrangement being similar to that
illustrated in Figs. 10 and 11, but it will be readily understood that we do not
confine ourselves to this arrangement, as if desired a pair of buckets mounted
either on the same lever as that from which the lever carrying the valves is
suspended, or a separate one, operating either as herein before described or in any
other suitable manner, may be used. It will also be understood that an additional
valve or valves may be worked in the same way by means of an additional lever
or levers.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is:-
1
1. The construction of a tank for the treatment of sewage or other liquids with
one or more decks or floors intermediate between the top and bottom of the tank,
substantially as and for the purpose specified.
2. The construction of a covered tank for the treatment of sewage or other liquids

page_text: with one or more floors intermediate between the top and bottom of the tank, sub-
stantially as and for the purpose specified.
3. The construction of a tank for the treatment of sewage or other liquids with
one or more floors intermediate between the top and bottom of the tank, forming
two or more spaces through which the liquid shall pass in succession, substantially
as and for the purpose specified.
4. The construction of a tank for the treatment of sewage or other liquids with
one or more floors intermediate between the top and bottom of the tank, and also
with a depressed portion or sump to receive matter deposited from the liquid, sub-
stantially as and for the purpose specified.
5. The combination with a covered tank in which gas is generated from sewage
or other decaying organic matter, of two or more outlets opening at different levels,
the lower ones of which may be closed so as to force the liquid to rise to a higher
level and so create a pressure in the tank by which the gas may be expelled from
the latter, substantially as specified.
6. The combination of a covered tank in which gas is generated from sewage or
other decaying organic matter, with a pipe leading from the upper part thereof for
conveying away the gas generated, a submerged inlet, and two or more submerged
outlets opening at different levels, so that when desired by closing the lower outlet
or outlets the level of the liquid will be caused to rise and so create a pressure
in the tank to expel the gas, substantially as specified.
7. The combination of a covered tank in which gas is generated from sewage or
other decaying organic matter, and a chamber in communication therewith having
an outlet for the liquid which is capable of adjustment by means of a float or floats
so as to be at a constant level with respect to the liquid in the tank, substantially
as specified.
8. The combination of a covered tank in which gas is generated from sewage or
other decaying organic matter, and a chamber in communication therewith having
an outlet for the liquid in the form of a syphon the outer end of which forms the
outlet from the chamber and the height of which in relation to the level of the
liquid in the chamber is rendered practically constant by means of a float or floats
in such chamber or in another chamber in communication therewith, such float
or floats being under a cover or covers which are in communication with the upper
part of the tank, substantially as specified.
9. The combination with two receptacles which are alternately filled with liquid
and discharged, of buckets for receiving liquid for effecting such filling and dis-
charge and a common overflow pipe through which liquid may pass from each
receptacle in turn into the opposite bucket, substantially as specified.
10. The combination with a lever carrying the valves for regulating the supply
and discharge of receptacles, of a bucket or buckets suspended from such lever and
receiving the overflow from such receptacles so as to control the valves, sub-
stantially as specified.
11. The combination with a bucket to receive liquid for effecting the supply
of liquid to a receptacle or its discharge therefrom or both, of a siphon for empty-
ing such bucket which siphon is brought into action by the successive rise and
fall of liquid in the space surrounding such bucket, substantially as specified.
12. The combination with a bucket to receive liquid for effecting the supply
of liquid to a receptacle or its discharge therefrom or both, of a siphon for empty-
ing such bucket which siphon is brought into action by the successive rise and fall
of liquid in the space surrounding such bucket, and an opening in such siphon
whereby air may escape so as to admit liquid for charging the same, and means
for preventing the ingress of air through such opening, substantially as specified.
13. The combination of a single bucket for controlling the supply and discharge
to and from one receptacle of a set, such bucket being filled by the overflow from
another receptacle of such set, substantially as specified.
14. The combination of valves for effecting the supply of liquid to a receptacle
and its discharge therefrom, a bucket or buckets for operating such valves, and

page_text: pipes or passages for conveying liquid to fill such bucket or buckets and the space
surrounding same respectively, substantially as specified.
15. The combination of valves for effecting the supply of liquid to a receptacle
and its discharge therefrom, a bucket or buckets for operating such valves, pipes or
passages for conveying liquid to fill such bucket or buckets and the space surround-
ing the same respectively, a siphon for emptying such bucket and a siphon or
valve for emptying the space surrounding such bucket, substantially as specified.
16. The combination with a receptacle whose contents it is desired to discharge
at two or more levels, of two or more valves for discharging such contents at the
desired levels, which valves are successively opened by the action of the discharging
apparatus, substantially as specified.
17. The combination with a lever for controlling the supply and discharge of
a receptacle, of a second lever connected to the former and also to valves so as to
effect the discharge at different levels, substantially as specified.
18. The combination with a receptacle whose contents it is desired to discharge
at two or more levels, of two or more valves suspended from a lever or levers, and
so adjusted as to weight that in the absence of pressure on them the lower valve will
remain open while the upper valve or valves remain closed, but that with a certain
pressure of water upon the lower valve an upper valve will open while the lower
valve remains closed, substantially as specified.
19. The combination with a lever for controlling the supply and discharge of a
receptacle, of a second lever connected to the former and also to valves so as to
effect the discharge at different levels, the weights of the discharge valves being so
proportioned that when the discharge first begins the higher valve will be opened
and remain open until the level of the liquid falls to such an extent that the weight
of the higher valve overcomes that of the lower one, and thus closes the former
and opens the latter substantially as specified.
OLL 1 Decemben 1000