CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS -IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHOES FOR HORSES AND OTHER ANIMALS REQUIRING MA CTA
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Gardner, of Islington, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
-IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHOES FOR HORSES AND OTHER ANIMALS REQUIRING
MA
CTA "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Gardner at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd November 1873.
I, HENRY GARDNER, of Islington, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
**CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHOES FOR HORSES AND OTHER
ANIMALS REQUIRING TO BE SHOD," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its objects, firstly, to diminish the wear and
tear of the shoe; and secondly, to prevent the slipping of the feet, which
is found so injurious to the animals.
The shoe is made of the ordinary shape and put on in the usual
manner, and is made with or without the groove at the bottom..

page_text: The shoe is made with slots or recesses of a dovetail or other suitable
shape. In these slots or recesses pieces of casehardened iron or of
other suitable metal, or of hard wood, indurated leather, vulcanized
india-rubber, or other similar substances are placed so as to project a
certain distance beyond the under side or under surface of the shoe.
These projecting pieces are kept in their places. each by a screw passing
through the projecting piece and entering the shoe, which is threaded to
receive it, or may be otherwise secured.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Henry Gardner in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 22nd May 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
GARDNER, of Islington, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of November, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the
thirty-seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Henry Gardner, Her special
licence that I, the said Henry Gardner, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Henry Gardner, my executors,
administrators; and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make; use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHOES FOR HORSES AND OTHER ANIMALS REQUIRING
TO BE SHOD," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Henry
Gardner, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention; and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Gardner, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement in writing, and on reference being had to the
accompanying Drawings, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the construction of
shoes for horses or other animals requiring to be shod, and has for its
objects, firstly, to diminish the wear and tear of the shoe; and secondly,
to prevent the injurious slipping of the feet.
The Invention is illustrated in its various modifications in Figures 1-to
39 of the accompanying Drawings.
The shoes are made of the ordinary material and shapes, and put on
the foot in the usual manner, and the improvements consist in channel-
ing or grooving or otherwise forming or shaping their under surfaces for
the reception of wearing studs or other projecting wearing pieces, which
are held in position by countersunk screws, pins, springs, or other
equivalent fastening means, all as in the particular methods or modifi-
cations hereafter described and as illustrated on the accompanying
Drawings. By which improvements the wear and tear is borne entirely
by the said studs, so that the shoes necessarily last for a much longer
time than at present, and require only to be taken off when necessary to
pare the hoof, so that a great saving in the cost of shoeing is effected.
The above referred to channels or grooves are made of a semicircular
or other suitable rounded form, and the holding parts of the said studs
are correspondingly shaped so as to be held by the edges of such
channels or grooves when simply slid thereinto, and the said channels or
grooves are formed in the shoes at such angles as will greatly lessen the
liability of the said studs being forced out of them by any forward or
backward pressure.
Figure 1 represents a plan view of the under surface of a hind 'shoe
shewing the position of the said rounded channels or grooves 1 by dotted
lines.
Figure 2 represents the upper surface of the said shoe showing the
holes 2, into which the screws 5, hereafter mentioned, take. Figure 3
represents a side view of the same, shewing the particular form of the
grooves 1 more clearly, the same being shown as formed or mado in, or,

page_text: as it were cut out of the plate of the shoe. This Figure also shows the
said studs placed in position.
Figures 4 to 8 represent some of the said studs 3, shewing the
particular form of the holding parts 4, which, as above mentioned, are
made to correspond with the grooves 1.
Figures 9 and 10 represent similar views to Figures 1 and 2, but are
of a fore-shoe, and shew the studs 3 fitted and fixed in their places by
countersunk screws 5 cut at each end.
Figure 11 represents a side view of this shoe without the studs, and
Figure 12 represents a section thereof.
The studs 3 are or may be made of iron, steel, or other suitable metal
or combination of metals, or of metal in combination with other suitable
substances, such as wood, leather, india-rubber, gutta percha, felt, hemp,
or other materials of a like nature suitable as presenting an elastic or
yielding surface for preventing the slipping of the animal's feet. When
made of two or more metals in combination, or of metal in combination
with any other material, they are or may be soldered, screwed, rivetted,
or compressed together, and when rivetted the rivets are placed with the
taper as shewn in Figure 5, so as to leave the larger or broader ends
of the rivets at or towards the under surface, so that the combined
materials are or will be most effectually held together until the rivets
and studs are both worn to a level with the shoe.
The under surfaces of the studs are or may be made smooth (Figures
4 and 5) or grooved, indented, or toothed (Figures 6 and 7) or hollow as
in the form of a shell (Figures 8, 34, 34, and 342) in which latter cases
the hollows are or may be filled with any of the above mentioned yielding
substances. The studs can be removed at will, so that one kind can be
quickly replaced by or exchanged for another when necessary or when
worn to a level with the shoe.
The countersunk screws 5 (or the other countersunk fastening means
herein described or referred to) are or may be protected during the wear
of the studs 3 by plugs of wood or other suitable substance.
L
In the modification of securing the studs 3 in the grooves 1, shewn in
Figures 13 to 16, the grooves 1 are shewn (in Figures 14 and 16) as made
in or between projecting shoulders or surfaces 6 (Figure 25) formed
upon the under side of the shoe. These projections 6 may either be

page_text: formed on the shoe, or the substance of the latter may be cut away so as
to leave them, in which latter case the weight of the shoe is considerably
reduced. In one of these shoulders a notch 7 (Figures 14 and 16) is
made to receive a sliding piece or bolt 8 fitting loosely into a slot 9 made
in the holding part 4 of the stud, and operated upon by a spring 10 (of
any suitable form) or by a piece of suitable elastic material, which is
compressed or forced back to permit the stud to be inserted into the said
groove, and which presses the bolt 8 forward into the slot 9 immediately
the stud arrives at its proper place in the said groove. When the stud
is required to be removed a short pointed lever is inserted between the
said bolt and the shoulder against which it is pressed, by which the said
bolt is forced back until clear of the groove 1, when the stud may be
knocked out by a tap or two of a hammer. The said bolts and springs
or elastic pieces will serve many times, and are or will be made to fit all
studs secured according to this modification.
.
1
In a somewhat similar modification shewn in Figures 17 to 19 the
spring 10 (or elastic piece) is dispensed with, and the bolt 8 is retained
by a screw 11 in the slot 9, and the notch 7 is shown as made in the
plate of the shoe.
In the modification shewn in Figures 20 to 24 the studs 3 are retained
in the grooves 1 by the aid of a cotter or key 12 passing through a
transverse keyway 13 made in the part 4 of the stud, and having a
squared head at one end, and being forked, notched, or split at the other
to allow of one part being turned up to embrace the shoe and the other
turned down to embrace the stud.
In a somewhat similar modification shewn in Figures 25 to 27 the
keyway 13 is made in the projection 6, and at right angles to the grooves
1, and the studs are secured as in the previous modification.
In the modification shewn in Figures 28 to 30 the under surface of
the shoe is formed with a squared projection 14, in which is made a
triangular or other shaped keyway to receive a correspondingly shaped
key (12) which is also passed through a similarly shaped keyway made
in the holding parts 4 of the stud.
In Figure 31 the shoe is shewn as having two projections 14, one on
either side of the central holding part 4 of the stud. This modification
is also illustrated in Figures 32 to 36. The studs are secured as in the
.

page_text: two previous modifications by turning or clenching the split ends of the
keys 12.
In the modification shewn in Figures 37 to 39 a groove 15 is cut the
whole length of the shoe, and the studs 3 are all connected at their
holding parts 4 so as to form one piece by a bar 16, which is shaped and
fitted into the said groove 15. The shoe and studs are correspondingly
pierced with keyways, through which, as above described, keys, cotters,
or nails 12 are driven to retain the bar and studs in place. The studs
upon these bars may be of any shape shewn on the Drawings, and the
bar can be removed when they are worn to a level with the shoe.
I prefer in all cases where practicable to form the above described
studs 8 by rolling iron, steel, or other metal bars to the desired section
and cutting such bars into short lengths, but they may be stamped into
the finished forms, and in every case they are or may be hardened to
enable them to resist for a considerable time any excessive wear to which
they may be subjected.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature and
object of my said Invention, together with the manner in which the
same is to be or may be performed or carried into practical effect, I
would remark in conclusion that I claim as my Invention the peculiar
improvements in the construction of shoes for horses and other animals
requiring to be shod, as herein-before described and as illustrated on the
accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Gardner, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of May, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four.