Improvements in Spinning and Twisting Machines.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 4th Sept., 1889
Complete Specification Left; 31st May, 1890-Accepted, 2nd Aug., 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Spinning and Twisting Machines.
I ERNST GESSNER, of Aue, Saxony, Machine Maker do hereby declare the nature
of this invention to be as follows:-
My Invention relates principally to improvements in winders for spinning
spindles.
Among the various systems of continuous spinning machinery, ring-frames are
prominent with regard to a high production and simplicity but they are not equally
well adapted for spinning all the different kinds of yarn their use being restricted
to the production of hard-twisted or the finer counts of yarn of a good material and
this in consequence of the retarding friction or drag between the traveller and the
ring. Another disadvantage is that only cops of small diameter can be spun either on
spindles of large diameter or on wooden bobbins on the spindles.
The present invention has for its object to obviate these disadvantages. Its main
features are a spindle with a new traveller or winder without the stationary annular
ring of the ordinary ring-frame, the new winder consisting essentially of a thread
guide attached to an intermediate movable arm or bow which is fixed or pivotally
attached to a bearing-part or guiding-piece carried in the copping rail and embracing
the spindle above or below the cop whereby friction arises between the said guiding.
piece and the revolving spindle or between the intermediate part of the winder and
the cop during spinning, so that the winder is rotated not only by the strain of the
thread but also by friction which relieves the tension of the thread to a certain extent.
The guiding piece of the new winder may be made in the shape of a socket, ring, disc,
or otherwise.
The friction arising between the revolving spindle and the guiding piece of the
winder may be caused direct or through an auxiliary intermediate sleeve or socket
which is rotated with the spindle while being free to slide vertically over the same.
Furthermore, the friction may act continuously or intermittently. When the effect of
the continuous friction is such that the winder is carried round by friction only
without the aid of the strain of the thread, the intermediate part of the winder
connecting the guiding piece and thread guide may as well be made in any other
shape, for instance like a flyer, cap, or other form as used for spinning purposes. An
intermittent friction between the spindle and the winder takes place when the guiding-
piece of the winder is so constructed as to fit loosely on the spindle so that frictional
contact can be obtained only by a one-sided strain caused by the tension of the thread
acting on the thread-guide, the intermediate arm thus acting as a lever on the
guiding-piece whereby the effect of the friction varies with the energy of the strain of
the thread.
There is another way of producing friction caused by the intermediate arm of the
winder bearing on the spindle or spun yarn at the start or during spinning, the said
arm being free to oscillate towards and from the spindle. With regard to ring-frames
the tension of the thread continually varies during spinning it will be understood that
the tension of the thread is least when the direction of pull of the thread on the
traveller approaches that of a tangent to the traveller-race or spinning-ring which
occurs when the thread is being wound on the outer circumference of the cop. When
the thread is being wound along the cone of the cop towards its tip, the pull of the
thread on the traveller deviates from the tangential, and approaches the radial,
direction, the tension of the thread at the same time increasing and reaching its
maximum when the thread is wound direct on the spindle or bobbin. The smaller
the diameter of the spindle or bobbin in proportion to the diameter of the ring the
more radial is the direction of pull and the greater the tension of the thread and

page_text: consequently the greater also the risk of breakage. Therefore, in order to avoid excessive
tension only spindles of large diameter or wooden bobbins and proportionately small
rings can be used in ring frames so that only cops of small diameter and holding little
yarn can be produced. These drawbacks are obviated in my invention by the aid of
friction arising between the spindle and the new winier during spinning, as hereinafter
described.
It is obvious that the greater is the strain of the thread acting upon the thread
guide in an approximately radial direction the greater will be the friction between the
spindle and guiding piece of the winder so that as the tension of the thread varies the
effect of the friction varies also. On the other hand the effect of the friction is to
lessen or diminish the tension of the thread and therefore the friction and tension
of the thread mutually regulate and control each other during spinning, which
enables any, and even the softest kinds of, yarn of short staple or poor material
to be spun on the bare spindle and to produce cops of any size. The winder
being thus more easily rotated permits of the employment of an adjustable brake
which acts upon the winder so as to reduce or extinguish the effect of friction to
a certain extent when it is required to wind hard twisted yarns or hard cops.
Another force, besides the two above mentioned, arising during spinning and having
a certain influence thereon is the centrifugal action which tends to draw the thread
guide away from the spindle whereby also friction is produced between the spindle
and the guiding piece of the winder. Centrifugal action and the strain of the thread
thus act upon the arm or bow of the winder in opposite directions, so that centrifugal
action tends to work it away from the spindle while the strain of the thread pulls it
towards the same. Consequently when the movable (or flexible) arm or bow is made
of correspondingly little weight a swinging (or oscillatory or pendulum-like) motion
must be imparted to the same whereby the differences of tension of the thread
occurring during spinning are regulated or suspended and at the same time a shortening
of the length of thread between the spindle and thread guide is effected, which is an
advantage. The copping rail with the winder is traversed in the ordinary way for
building the cops or bobbins or the spindles might be similarly traversed, the copping
rail remaining stationary.
The winder might be positively driven and the spindle be rotated by the strain of
the thread and by friction from the winder, the spindle in that case lagging behind
instead of the winder. However, as the spindle is the heavier part of the two and
varying in weight by the alteration of its size during spinning, its motion cannot be
as easily stopped and started as that of the winder. It is therefore preferable to drive
the spindle positively whilst the winder is carried round by the strain of the thread
and the friction of the spindle. The spindle is made so much longer than spindles of
the ordinary size as corresponds to the part of the winder which embraces the spindle
above or below the cop or bobbin and to the extent of its traverse for building the cop
or bobbin, but the new winder might be employed in combination with spindles of
other spinning-machinery and of the ordinary size, and in order to compensate for
the want of length for traversing the winder, only correspondingly shorter cops can
be spun on such spindles.
The new winders which embrace the spindle above the cop require to be lifted off
from the spindles previously to doffing and when employing such winders it is
impossible to use the ordinary winding-on mechanism of ring-frames for starting new
cops. My invention therefore, comprises a new arrangement for lifting the winders
off from the spindles previously to doffing and also a new winding-on mechanism
whereby a certain supply of yarn is drawn from the full cop to be wound on to the
spindle below the cop, to start a new cop with. In order to facilitate the doffing of
full cops and dispense with the winding-on mechanism, certain modifications of the
new winder may be used for a new method of spinning and winding, whereby the
building of the cops is performed from the top of the spindle downward or in
the direction of its support.
Another part of my invention refers to improvements in shells, bed-plates, or cap-
pieces employed for the delivery of ends, said shells, bed-plates, or cap-pieces covering

page_text: C
the back or bottom roller so as to substitute the ordinary front and top rollers, to
expose the point of delivery or nip "to be free of access, thus ensuring a more
convenient and practical way in the piecing of broken ends.
I will now describe the various arrangements more in detail.
In one arrangement the winder consists of a thread guide, an intermediate part in
the shape of a straight arm and a guiding piece in the form of a socket provided with
a slotted flange. The said flange is seated at one side on a small plate which is
fastened upon the copping-rail. The copping rail has an opening with an outlet to
allow the thread to enter from without into a slot or opening in the flange so as to
pass round the spindle within the opening of the copping rail. An adjustable spring
holds the flange down at one side on to the small plate and the socket fitting loosely
and having some play on the spindle is free to assume a slanting position on the
spindle so as to come in frictional contact with thic flange. The spring when pressing
against the flange serves as a brake to the winder for regulating the tension of the
thread. It will serve the same purpose when the guiding piece is held between the
spring and the plate only so that the front part of the copping rail embracing the spindle
may be omitted. The spring is attached to a rail which is connected with the copping
rail by a hinge, and by special means employed in the spinning frame the said rail
may be caused to be raised or lowered so as to increase or lessen the pressure of
the springs against the flanges of all the winders simultaneously employed in the
machine.
The action of the friction and strain of the thread in spinning and winding is now
as follows: The winding of the cop is accomplished by the difference in speed between
the spindle and the winder. The socket of the guiding piece fitting loosely and
having some play on the spindle friction has little or no effect as long as the socket is
not pressed against the spindle by a one-sided strain from without. The strain of the
thread tends to draw the thread guide towards the spindle, thus causing a one sided.
strain at the socket and producing friction between the socket and the spindle. Owing to
this friction which assists the rotative motion of the winder, the velocity of the winder
increases so that the difference in speed between the spindle and the winder is lessened.
and in consequence thereof less thread is wound on the spindle whereby the tension of
the thread is relaxed, the thread guide recedes from the spindle, the friction ceases to
act, and consequently the speed of the winder is slackened whereby the slackened
thread is caused to be wound on the spindle until tension arises again and the
thread guide is again drawn towards the spindle, whereupon the same operation is
repeated.
Thus by the reciprocal action of the centrifugal force and of the strain of the thread,
the thread guide is caused to move towards and from the spindle almost in an
oscillatory manner and the tension of the thread is self-regulated during spinning.
The centrifugal force gives the intermediate part of the windor a tendency to bend
outwardly which proves detrimental io the action of the friction and tension of the
thread in spinning and winding. In order to check this influence of centrifugal
action, the arm is made of as little weight as possible in a pointed or conical shape, or
it may have a counterweight, or it may be so constructed and the disposition of its
weight may be such as to have the centre of its gravity placed near to the axis of the
spindle or on the opposite side from the thread guide.
Another similar winder consists of a guiding piece or socket with a flange having
an opening and a crooked arm carrying the thread guide and pivotally attached by a
hinge to the socket parallel to the axis of the spindle, the said arm turning round its
fulcrum so as to bear against the spindle by the strain of the thread. Friction is
caused between the spindle and guiding piece or socket by the strain of the thread
acting upon the thread guide in a tangent-plane of the spindle. The guiding
piece may be constructed otherwise; instead of a long socket a short one may be
employed or it may be substituted by a flange or disc only without a socket or
vice-versa.
With such winder the spinning-process is accomplished and the building of the cop
is performed in a similar manner as before described.

page_text: Another arrangement comprises a spindle of conical shape and a winder for
spinning on bobbins, the winder consisting of the thread guide, intermediate arm, and
a guiding piece in the form of a socket. The socket is loosely fitted on an auxiliary
intermediate tube or sleeve which is formed with rims at its upper and lower end
holding the socket between them. The sleeve encircles the spindle and carries a spiral
spring fastened on its inner face. The said spring is formed with an angle or key and
the spindle has a longitudinal groove in which the said angle or key slides so that the
sleeve is rotated with the revolving spindle and is also free to move or slide vertically
on the same. Friction is thus imparted from the spindle to the winder through the
auxiliary sleeve. The key which slides in the longitudinal groove of the spindle, may
also be fixed direct on the inner face of the sleeve without the medium of the spring.
The guiding piece or socket has a projecting flange seated on a plate connected with
the copping rail, the socket with the sleeve being held within an opening in the said
plate. The flange has an opening through which the thread passes so as to be free to
be advanced round the spindle. Both openings in the plate and in the flange have
corresponding outlets to allow of the thread entering from without and to prevent its
ballooning. This is an advantage, because the thread being guided within and passing
through such opening does not sustain as much friction as by passing around the
inner face of ordinary anti-ballooning rings or guides as used in ring frames which
proves an evil in practice. A ring is secured to the copping rail to prevent the arm
with the thread guide from being thrown away too far by centrifugal action the said
arm sliding around the inner face of the ring. The outer surface of the sleeve
may also be made conical or formed like a ring and the surface of the guiding piece
of the winder being in contact and deriving friction from the same may have a corre-
sponding form.
In another arrangement, the winder consists of the thread-guide, the inter-
mediate arm, and the guiding pieco, the latter having a globular form and
being movably held within a corresponding bearing in the copping rail, after
the manner of a ball and socket joint, so that the arm is free to oscillate
in its motion round the spindle to regulate the spinning and winding. The
guiding piece and the copping rail are slit open for the thread to pass through. The
winder is supposed to be in a position for winding on the top part of the cop. W ben
the lower part of the cop is to be wound, as at the start, the copping rail is lowered
and the spindle protrudes through and revolves within the guiding piece.
In another arrangement, the winder consists of a guiding piece in the shape of a
socket in frictional contact with the spindle and provided with a flange and a bowed
or U-shaped arm carrying the thread guide and pivotally attached to the socket by
hinges. The weighty part of the winder tends to move away from the spindle by
centrifugal action and consequently the thread guide bears against the spindle on
the opposite side, accomodating itself to the shape of the cop. The farther the
weighty part of the cop is thrown from the spindle or the nearer the thread guide
bears against the spindle when winding the thinner part or the tip of the cop, the
more the thread guide bears or presses against the cop so that friction arises between
the thread guide and the spindle or the spun yarn, besides the friction which is
obtained by the guiding piece on the spindle caused by the strain of the thread acting
on the thread guide in a tangent-plane to the spindle or cop and thus causing a one
sided strain at the guiding-piece. The same result may be attained if the arm or bow
is fixed to the guiding piece and made pliable so as to bear against the spindle or
spun yarn by its own elasticity. The Hange has an opening through which the thread
passes, the opening having an outlet, as described in the first arrangement.
In another arrangement, the winder consists of the bowed arm or bow carrying the
thread guide and pivotally attached to a flat disc or guiding piece so as to be free to
oscillate the axes of the hinges being in the vertical plane of the spindle. The guiding
piece rests in a circular recess in the copping rail and is held down in the said recess
by means of a spring. The spindle passes through an opening in the copping rail;
this opening and a similar opening in the guiding piece have corresponding outlets
or slots to allow the thread to enter from without so as to pass round the spindle.

page_text: The bowed arm is so constructed as to have its centre of gravity on the opposite side
of the spindle to the thread guide. With this disposition of weight, centrifugal force
tends to carry the weighty part of the said arm or bow away from the spindle and
consequently the thread guide bears against the spindle or the spun yarn, accomo-
dating itself to the shape of the cop. The tension of the spring is adjustable so as to
give a yielding pressure against the guiding piece and it may thus be used as a
brake to the winder to regulate the tension of the thread.
In another arrangement the winder is composed of the thread guide, intermediate
part, and guiding piece, all being preferably made of one piece of sheet metal of as
Ettle weight as possible. The said guiding piece has the form of an oblong plate with
an opening through which the spindle passes and is crooked in or near its middle so
as to be held partly on the upper side of the plate while the other part carrying the
intermediate arm slides beneath. The plate is fixed to the copping rail. The opening
in the guiding piece is somewhat wider than the diameter of the spindle and thus
permits the winder to assume an inclined position to the axis of the spindle. While
the winder is at rest, both parts of the guiding piece bear on the upper and lower
face of the plate. By a one sided strain however, caused by the tension of the
thread the thread guide is drawn towards the spindle and consequently the guiding-
piece overturns somewhat, so that its two halves come out of contact with the upper
and lower face of the plate while at the same time friction arises between the guiding
piece and the revolving spindle. Instead of a simple plate the guiding piece may
also be provided with a socket or sleeve fitting loosely on the spindle, to attain the
same result. For certain purposes, the parts of the guiding piece sliding on the
upper and lower face of the plate are lined with some rough material such as leather,
felt, or other material, to act as a brake and increase the retarding influence on the
motion of the winder.
In another modification the winder consists of a thread guide, an intermediato
part, and a guiding piece, all made in one piece of round, flat, or special, wire; the
guiding piece formed as a loop twisted round and embracing the spindle so as to be
in frictional contact with the same. The outer end of the wire projecting from the
loop slides on the upper face of the plate while the other part of the wire intermediate
between the loop or guiding piece and arm slides beneath.
In another modification, the winder is composed of the thread guide, intermediate
part or bow and guiding piece the latter being formed as a socket embracing the
spindle below the cop and provided with a rim projecting from its lower end. The
neck bearing fixed on the copping rail is formed like a cup which may serve as an oil
chamber and is provided with a lid through which the spindle and the guiding piece
protrude so that the rim of the guiding piece is enclosed. The cup-part of the neck
bearing has a hole and a helical groove inside for imparting oil to the spindle and the
lid may be withdrawn when oil is to be supplied. The lid carries a hook, a band
fastened to the said hook is twisted round the guiding piece and carries a weight at
its other end lying over a toothed rail which is parallel to the copping rail. By the
action of centrifugal force the weight is carried away from the spindle and the band
tightened round the guiding piece so as to act as a brake for regulating the tension
of the thread. The said band may be put into different teeth of the notched rail so as
to adjust or to alter the pressure of the band against the guiding-piece. By traversing
the notched rail parallel to the copping rail, the pressure of the bands against all
winders employed in the frame can be simultaneously regulated alike. A ring
prevents the intermediate part of the winder from being bent outwardly by centri-
fugal action, the said arm sliding on the inner face of the ring.
In another modification, the winder is likewise composed of an intermediate how
carrying the thread guide and the guiding piece having the form of a socket provided
with a flange or disc. The two arms of the bow fitting loosely through holes in the
disc are held with their bottom ends in the said disc by means of small balls or knobs
over the said holes and by small rings from below. Thus the bow is free to oscillate
to a certain extent. The form of the bow and the disposition of its weight are such as

page_text: to have the centre of its gravity near the axis of the spindle so as to balance or
diminish the influence of its centrifugal action during spinning. A small band is
fastened to one of the small rings, then twisted round the spindle and passing through
the other ring and having a small weight fastened to its outer end. By the centri-
fugal action of the said weight, the band is caused to bear tightly against the spindle
so that friction arises between the spindle and the winder besides the friction between
the spindle and the guiding piece. The flange or disc is held one sided with its
outer edge between two yielding plates fixed on the copping rail and rendered
adjustable by means of the screw. In pressing the upper plate against the flange or
disc it serves as a brake to the winder to regulate the tension of the thread.
In another modification, the winder consists of an intermediate arın carrying at its
upper end the thread guide and the guiding piece having the form of a conical socket
provided with a flange or disc. The socket is seated on, and in frictional contact
with, an intermediate sleeve of a corresponding conic shape which embraces the spindle
below the cop. The sleeve is rotated with the spindle and is free to slide up and
down the same. The sleeve is held in a bearing of the copping rail by a rim pro-
jecting from its lower end and the guiding piece is held in its position by another rim
projecting from the upper end of the sleeve. The building of the cop is performed
by traversing the winder over the spindle; the same result may be attaind if the
winder be stationary and instead of it the spindle be traversed in like manner. Stays
prevent the arm from being thrown away from the spindle by centrifugal force.
The upper end of the arm has a lengthening part with a second thread guide to prevent,
the thread from ballooning. An adjustable spring fastened on the copping rail
bears from below against the flange or disc, thus acting as a brake for the winder to
regulate the tension of the thread. Instead of using the intermediate sleeve, the
guiding piece may be brought into contact directly with the spindle.
In another modification, similar to the last, the guiding piece of the winder is in the
shape of a flange having fastened to it the two legs of the intermediate part. The
intermediate sleeve embracing the spindle below the cop and held in the copping
rail by projecting rims slides on, and rotates with, the spindle. The guiding piece
rests on the upper face of the sleeve and is held thereupon by a projecting rim.
In another imodification, the winder consists of the guiding piece having the form
of a socket embracing the spindle below the cop and an intermediate arm or bow
which carries the thread guide. The arm is forined with a loop at its upper end
encircling the spindle above the cop and carrying a second thread guide. The
guiding piece is held in the copping rail between rims projecting from the socket.
The arm or bow can yield to the strain of the thread and to the action of centrifugal
force to a certain extent, so as to be oscillated by the influence of these two forces.
When the cops are full to be doffed the winder must be pushed up above the tip of
the spindle and the arm or bow turned aside.
In another modification, the winder has the shape of a frame consisting of two arms
-or legs jointed and held in a suitable recess at the tip of the spindle by a ring with
their bottom ends fixed to the guiding piece or socket. The thread guide slides over
one of the two legs of the frame, being carried separately by an arm secured to the
socket which embraces the spindle below the bobbin, and is provided with a flange
resting on the copping rail and held down on the same by a spring and being traversed
over the spindle to build the bobbin. The said two-armed frame carries two further
thread guides above the spindle, to prevent ballooning. The ring can be lifted off
the spindle tip and turned or pulled aside, to give room for doffing the bobbin. The
spring is adjustable pressing down on the flange and acts as a brake to the winder as
before described.
In another modification the winder is composed of the thread guide, intermediate
arm and guiding piece, the said guiding piece being provided with a socket which
embraces the spindle below the cop being in the form of an oblong plate and crooked
at or near the middle so as to be held partly on the upper side of the plate fixed on
the copping rail, while the other part slides beneath. A ring is employed to prevent

page_text: the intermediate arm from being thrown too far from the spindle by centrifugal action.
The guiding piece of this winder may be otherwise constructed for instance like those
which embrace the spindle above the cop.
In another modification the winder is composed of the thread guide, intermediate
arm, and guiding piece all being made of one piece of sheet metal. The said guiding
piece embraces the spindle below the cop; it consists of an oblong plate with an opening
through which the spindle passes and is crooked at or near its middle so as to be held
partly on the upper face of the plate fixed to the copping rail while the other part
slides beneath. The winding is commenced at the top of the spindle and the building
is performed in a downward direction the copping rail besides its up and down motion
heing lowered in the same proportion as it is raised in the ordinary way.
Another winder has the guiding piece formed as a socket with a projecting rin.
The socket embraces the spindle below the cop and the projecting rim fits loosely
within a suitable recess in the plate which is fixed to the copping rail. The building
of the cop is performed from the top of the spindle downwards and when the full cop
is to be doffed, the copping rail with the winder is to be lowered somewhat for the
purpose of winding a certain supply of yarn on the bare spindle below the full cop,
whereupon the cop may be doffed and the said supply of yarn pushed up to the top of
the spindle to begin with. In this method of spinning and winding, a special
mechanism is required for winding on the bare spindle previous to doffing.
The outer form of the winder and of its parts is of no importance in the process of
building cops in the downward direction; any winders of a similar construction
embracing the spindle below the cop may be used for the same purpose.
I will now describe the mechanism for winding on the bare spindle previous to
doffing, required for winders which embrace the spindles above the cops and therefore
require to be lifted off from the spindles previously to doffing. When full cops are
to be doffed, the copping rail with the winders is to be raised. For this purpose a
chain or flexible steel band is fastened to the copping rail and is wound upon a disc
in order to lift the copping rail up above the spindles. The means for turning the
disc shaft to lift the winders above the spindles are independent of the spinning
n:otion.
By shifting the driving belt from the fast pulley onto the loose pulley,
the spinning motion is stopped and the winding-on arrangement is engaged.
For this purpose the loose pulley has secured to it a worn which is in gear
with a
worm wheel communicating motion through an intermediate shaft
and a second worm to another worm wheel whose shaft carries two other wheels of
the same size, one gearing into a large wheel connected with two cams, and the other
imparting motion to a wheel which is loose on the spindle driving drum shaft and
carries a pawl engaging a ratchet wheel fixed on the said shaft. A slow motion is
thus communicated to the spindles. The two cams act upon double armed levers
provided with segmental racks gearing with the two wheels which are fast upon two
shafts, one of which carries levers which at their outer ends hold the faller
wires, whilst the other shaft carries joint levers consisting of two arms movably
jointed, the upper arm of the two resting upon a set screw and carrying at its outer
ends the other faller wires.
With the revolving of the cams the double armed levers are caused to alter their
position in such manner as to cause a certain length of the thread to be drawn off the
full cop over the first mentioned faller wire corresponding to the length of its move-
ment. Then the said faller wire descends and returns to its original position at the
same time that the other wire is going still lower and back again upwards to its
original position while the portion of the thread before drawn off the cop is now being
wound onto the bare spindle below the cop to start with. Then the cops are ready
for doffing.
After doffing, the driving belt is to be moved back from the loose to the fast pulley
to stop the winding-on mechanism and to re-engage the spinning motion for spinning
new cops at the same time that the copping rail with the winders is to be lowered
again. The traverse of the copping rail for building the cop is operated by the

page_text: alternate revolution of the same disc, but the means for effecting such motion are
independent of the means by which the winders are raiset above the spindles. The
disengaging of the winding-on mechanism may also be effected independently of the
loose pulley.
I will now describe the devices for delivering ends in spinning machinery in which
the ends are carried forward by a roller and a cap piece or shell pressing against each
other, the inner face of the said shell or cup piece being of the same curvature as the
surface of the roller and polished, so that the end is sliding on the same.
Such
devices have hitherto been in practice for drawing purposes only, whilst my invention
has for its object a new and improved form for such cap-pieces or shells and the
employment of the same for delivery purposes. In one arrangement the cap piece
or shell is provided with studs and pivotally resting in the spinning frame so as to
press against the delivery roller by its own weight, the end of yarn being passed
through between. The said cap piece or shell covers the roller as far as to the
delivery point where the end leaves the roller to be delivered to the spindle. Owing
to the shape of the front part of the cap piece, the point of delivery is accessible to
the attendant to ensure an easy and practical piecing of broken ends in comparison to
the old way of delivering, where the point of "nip" is covered by the front rollers.
The rear side of the cap piece is rounded and bevelled off to ensure a smooth entrance
between the shell and the surface of the roller.
In another arrangement a similar shell or cap piece instead of being pivoted is
loosely held or fitting within a guide board or frame so as to bear down on the
delivery-roller by its own weight.
This device is applicable to all kinds of spinning and twisting machinery and may
be employed in combination with one or several sets of ordinary drawing rollers, as
now in use, or with rollers furnished with shells or cap-pieces of the ordinary form.
Dated this 4th day of September 1889.
P. GESSNER,
By A. M. & Wm. Clark,
53, Chancery Lane, London, Patent Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Spinning and Twisting Machines.
I. ERNST GESSNER of Aue, Saxony, Machine Maker, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The essential features of ring frames are a rotating spindle and a traveller running
on a ring which is vertically traversed by the copping rail. Amongst the various
systems of continuous spinning machines, ring frames are noted for their high pro-
duction and simplicity, but they are not equally well adapted for spinning all the
different kinds of yarn their use being restricted to the production of hard twisted
yarns of good material and this in consequence of the retarding friction or drag
between the traveller and ring. Another disadvantage is that only cops of small
diameter can be spun either on spindles of large diameter or on wooden bobbins stuck
over the spindles.
The present invention has for its object to obviate these disadvantages. Its main
features are essentially a driven spindle and a winder mounted on the copping rail
whose thread guide is connected with a friction device whereby the winder is rotated
both by friction from the spindle and by the pull of the thread.
The friction device, which is connected with the thread guide of the winder by an
intermediate arm or how or through the thread, is in contact with the outer surface of
the spindle or of a tube stuck over the spindle or in contact with the spindle within
an axial hole therein. When the friction device of the winder bears on the circum-
ference of the spindle or of a tube stuck over the spindle it is generally in the form of
a ring, socket, or disc embracing the spindle loosely above or below the cop and is

page_text: traversed up and down along the spindle by the copping rail, the spindle being
nade longer than usual to allow of this traverse of the winder. The friction
device may also derive friction from the spindle through an intermediate sleeve which
is rotated with the spindle but is free to travel up and down along the spindle
together with the friction device. The friction arising between the friction device of
the winder and the spindle tube or sleeve stuck over the spindle is due to the friction
device tending to cant and pind on the spindle under the pull of the thread, the
unbalanced weight of the winder, and its centrifugal action. These three forces act
alternately in causing friction during the spinning and winding and they supplement
and regulate each other. In some cases friction is also caused by the intermediate
arm or bow connecting the friction device with the thread guide when the said arm or
how hears on the spindle or tube or on the cop of spun yarn. The unbalanced weight
of the winder comprises the weight of the intermediate arm and the thread guide,
together with any extra weight that may be attached to the winder. An increase
of frictional contact may also well be obtained by a hand fixed to the winder
heing twisted round the spindle and having a weight fastened to its end or by means
of springs attached to the friction device. The winder is carried by the copping-rail
acting either on its friction device or on its intermediate arm or on the thread guide.
The winder is either traversed in the ordinary way so as to build the cop from below
upwards or the cop is commenced at the top of the spindle and built downwards.
Instead of traversing the winders, the spindles may be traversed in like manner while
the bearings of the winders remain stationary. In some cases the winder is provided
with a brake retarding its motion to regulate the tension of the thread. In the case
of those winders which embrace the spindles above the cops it is necessary to provide
the machine with an arrangement for lifting the winders off the spindles when the full
cops are to be doffed and with a new winding on mechanism.
Another part of my invention refers to improvements in shells or bed plates
employed for the delivery of ends, said shells replacing the front or top roller of the
ordinary delivery rollers covering the back or bottom roller and being so arranged as
to expose the point of delivery or "nip" to give free access and enable broken ends
to be pieced in a more convenient and practical way.
Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specifi-
cation; wherein Figures 1 to 29 shew sectional elevations, plans, and detail views, of
various modifications of winders. Figures 30 to 32 shew winders in different positions,
to illustrate the influence of the overhanging or unbalanced weight of the winder,
its centrifugal action, and the pull of the thread. Figures 33 to 43 shew various
friction devices of winders which are connected with a thread guide through the
thread. Figures 44 to 47 shew winders which are traversed by the copping rail
through a guide attached to their intermediate arm. Figure 48 shews the winding-on
mechanism. Figures 49 and 50 shew section and plan of a device for holding the
winders in position while being lifted off from the spindles. Figures 51 and 52 shew
sectional views of delivery rollers in combination with shells or bed plates.
I will now proceed to describe the various arrangements in detail.
Figures 1 and 2 shew in elevation and plan a winder consisting of a thread-guide L,
an arm L, and a friction device having the form of a socket L2 provided with a
notched flange B. The said flange is seated at one side on a small plate A which is
fastened upon the copping rail W. The latter has an opening T surrounding the
friction device with a gap opening out at the front edge of the copping rail, as shewn
in figures 2 and 3, to allow the thread F to enter from without into a curved notch
or eye in the flange B so as to pass round the spindle S within the opening T of
the copping rail. A spring O fixed to the rail U and rendered adjustable by means of
a screwy and nut r, presses on the flange B immediately above the small plate A, so
that the flange B is held at one side between the plate A and spring O. The socket L*
fits loosely on the spindle, having some play so as to be free to cant or assume a some-
what inclined position, and thus to come at its upper and lower edges into frictional
contact with the spindle, owing to the overhanging or unbalanced weight and centri-
fugal action of the arm L' and to the pull of the thread, whereby the arm L' is caused
B

page_text: to act in the manner of a lever upon the socket L³. The spring O when pressing upon
the flange B serves as a brake to the winder for regulating the tension of the thread.
The rail U is connected with the copping rail by a hinge C, and, by suitable means
employed in the machine, the said rail may be raised or lowered, so as to increase or
lessen the pressure of the springs O upon the flanges B of all the winders in the machine
simultaneously and to the same extent.
Figure 4 shews a plan of a similar winder consisting of a friction device or socket L
with a flange B having a curved notel Q, and of a curved arm L' carrying the thread
guide L. said arm being pivoted to the socket L' by a hinge H parallel to the spindle,
so that the said arm will be free to turn round its pivot in a horizontal plane, as shewn
in dotted liries, and be caused to bear against the spindle by the strain of the thread.
Figures and 6 shew vertical and cross-sections of a winder for use on a tapering
spindle used in spinning on wooden bobbins, the winder consisting of a thread guide L,
an arm L and a friction device consisting of a socket L³, fitting loosely on and
between the end flanges of an intermediate sleeve L. The sleeve L³ encircles the
spindle and has a volute spring D fastened within it, which partially embraces the
spindle, and has its inner end bent inwards to form a key V, which engages and slides
in a longitudinal groove N in the spindle, so that the sleeve L³ is rotated with the
spindle, but is free to slide up and down the same together with the friction device.
The latter has a flange B seated on a plate W¹ connected with the copping rail W,
the socket L² with the sleeve L³ being within an opening in the said plate. The
flange B has a notch or eye through which the thread passes on its way to the winder
and in which it travels round the spindle, the ballooning of the thread being thereby
prevented. The plate Wand flange B are similar in operation to those shewn in
figures 2 and 3.
A ring R is secured to the copping rail W, to prevent the arm L'
with the thread guile L from being thrown too far outwards by centrifugal action, a
prolongation of the said arm sliding against the inner face of the ring R. The
sleeve L may be conical externally or like a ring, the inner face of the friction
device L' having of course a corresponding form.
In certain cases when triction is obtained by the arm L bearing on the spindle or
on the spun yarn wound thereon, the part L embracing the spindle, herein generally
referred to as the "friction device," need not be in frictional contact with the
spindle, as shewn, for instance, in figures 7, 10, and 11.
In figure 7 the winder consists of the thread guide L, arm L, and ring L²,
the outer face of which is of spherical form and is fitted within a corresponding
spherical socket in the copping rail W, so that the arm L' is free to be caused by the
pull of the thread to bear against the spindle or against the spun yarn wound thereon,
the device accomodating itself to the shape of the cop, whereby friction is obtained.
The ring and the copping rail W are slit open for the thread to slip in from
without. The ring I is shewn in a position above the spindle while the nose of the
cop is being built. At starting to build the lower part of the cop, the copping rail is
lowered until the spindle protrudes through the ring L2, which is sufficiently larger
than the spindle to give space for the thread to pass through.
Figures 10 and 11 shew side and front views of a winder consisting of a bow L
carrying the thread guide Land being pivotally attached to a flat disc L by hinges (
so as to be free to oscillate. The said disc lies in a circular recess V in the copping
rail W. being held down therein by a spring D whose pressure on disc Lis
adjustable by means of a screw y and nut, so that it acts as a brake for the winder
to regulate the tension of the thread. The spindle passes through an opening in the
copping rail, having a gap to admit the thread from without, and the disc L has an
eye or notch for the thread to pass through and in which to travel round the spindle,
as shewn in figure 2. The bow L'is so constructed as to have its centre of gravity at
the opposite side of the spindle from the thread guide, so that centrifugal force tends
to cause the thread guide L to bear against the spindle or the spun yarn wound thereon,
and to accomodate itself to the shape of the cop, thus causing friction.
Figures and shew a side view, and cross-section seen from above, of a winder
• consisting of a socket shaped friction device I, with a flange B to rest on the copping

page_text: rail and a Ushaped arm or bow L' carrying the thread guide and being pivoted to
the socket at H. Owing to the heavier part of the bow L' being thrown away from
the spindle by centrifugal force,.as described in reference to figures 10, 11, the thread
guide is caused to bear against the opposite side of the spindle, so as to cause friction
in addition to that arising between the socket L and the spindle. Instead of being
pivoted, the how I may be fixed to the socket, but rendered pliable so as to bear
against the spindle by its own elasticity.
That part of the winder which serves as a guide by which the winder is held on
the copping rail, consists either of a disc or flange secured to the friction device
as described, or it may be only a segment or a portion of a disc fixed to the
friction device or to the arm of the winder. Such a disc or portion of a disc
may be seated on a flat ring or plate fixed to the copping rail, or it may embrace
both the upper and lower face of such a ring or plate, or it may be held by a
double edged ring or between two flat rings or plates, as hereinafter described in
various figures.
Figures 12, 13, and 14, shew the winder composed of the thread guide L,
arm L', and friction device L, all being preferably made of one piece of sheet
inetal. The said friction device is an oblong plate, see figures 13 and 14,
with an opening through which the spindle protrudes, and it is crooked in
the direction of its thickness at or near its middle, so as to pass through an
opening in a plate A secured to the copping rail and bear, the one part of
the said oblong plate, on the upper face and the other part on the lower face
of the plate, A. By the influence of the pull of the thread or centrifugal action,
the oblong plate L is brought into a somewhat slanting position, its flat sides
coming out of contact with the upper and lower faces of plate A, while the edge
of its opening comes into a one-sided contact with the spindle so as to cause
friction. Instead of being a simple plate, the friction device L² may be provided with
a socket embracing the spindle.
For certain purposes the friction,deyice may be faced, as at a in figure 15,
with some rough material, for instance such as leather 'or felt, the contact of
which with the upper and lower faces of the plate will cause a retarding friction or
act like a brake.
Figure 16 shews a winder composed of a thread guide, arm, and friction device,
all made of one piece of round flat or special wire. The friction device is formed
like a loop twisted round and loosely embracing the spindle, so as to come into
frictional contact with the saine. The tail end of the wire projecting from the loop*
slides on the upper face of plate A while the opposite part intermediate of the loop L
and arni L is sliding beneath.
The winder shewn in figures 17 and 18 is composed of a thread guide L, bow L'
and a friction device L, in the form of a socket, embracing the spindle below the cop
and baving a flange m at its lower end. The bolster bearing H fixed on the copping
rail is cupped to serve as an oil chamber and is provided with a lid D baving an
opening through which the spindle and the friction device L2 protrudes the flange m
being enclosed. The cupped bolster H has a hole leading to a helical groove inside
for conveying oil to the spindle. The lid D carries a book A and a cord or band J
fastened to the said hook is coiled round L2 and has a weight G attached to its
other end, the pendent end of the cord hanging over a notched rail U parallel to
the copping rail W. The cord J acts as a brake to the winder and by putting it
into a different notch of the rail U, it may be made to encircle L more or less tightly
to regulate the tension of the thread. The simultaneous and uniform regulation
of all the cords J may be effected by shifting the rail U. R is a ring to prevent
the bow L' from flying outwardly by centrifugal action.
In figures 19 and 20 the winder is composed of a bow L' carrying the thread
guide Land the friction device consisting of a socket L² provided with a disc B.
The ends of the two limbs of the bow L fit loosely through holes in the disc B in
which they are retained by knobs a a above and by small rings a a' below, the
bow L' thus being free to oscillate to a certain extent so as to bear against the

page_text: A
spindle or spuh yarn of the cop to the form of which it accomodates itself.
small cord or band J fastened to one of the rings a' encircles the spindle then passes
through the other ring a¹ and has a small weight G attached to its free end. The
centrifugal action of the weight draws the band J tightly around the spindle, the
resulting friction supplementing that between L2 and the spindle. The disc B is
held at one side by its outer edge entering between the two spring plates A A¹ fixed
on the copping rail W, the pressure of the clip being adjustable by means of the
screw $ passing through the fail U and acting as a brake to regulate the tension of
the thread.
In figure 21 the winder consists of an arm L', carrying at its upper end the thread
guide Land a friction device L³, having the form of a conical socket, provided with
a flange or disc B. The socket L² is seated on a correspondingly conical intermediate
sleeve Z which embraces the spindle below the cop K. The sleeve Z has a key u
sliding in a groove N in the spindle so that the sleeve rotates with, but is free to
move along the spindle. The sleeve Z is moved up and down with the copping
rail W by the latter engaging in a circumferential groove therein and the part I is
retained upon it by a flange at the upper end of the sleeve. The arm L' and stays L³
are fixed upon the disc B, the stays L³ preventing the arm. L' from being bent out-
wardly by centrifugal force. The upper end of the hrin L' is bent towards the
spindle and terminates in a second thread gaide L. A spring O adjustable by a
bolt y and it a bears upwards against the flange B for regulating the tension of the
thread.
Figure 22 shows the lower part of a winder similar to that shewn in figure 21.
I is the friction device of the winder in the shape of a dise having fixed to it the
two limbs of a bow L. The intermediate sleeve embraces the spindle below the
cop, is held in the copping rail, and has a key V sliding in a groove N in the spindle,
as before. The disc L rests on the disc B of the sleeve Z so as to cause friction,
and is held thereon by a flange at the upper end of the sleeve.
In figure 23 the winder consists of the friction device L' in the form of a socket
embracing the spindle S below the cop K, and an arm L' carrying the thread
guide L, and being formed with a loop L³ embracing the spindle at its upper end
and carrying a second guide L. When the cops are to be doffed, the winder must
be raised tintil the loop L³ passes off the spindle tip and can be turned aside to
allow the cop to be doffed. The friction of the loop L³ on the spindle stipplements
that of 'the socket L².
In figure 24 the winder comprises in the first place a frame having two arms L,
a friction device or socket L2 below 'the cop and a fing held in a groove at the
spindle tip, so that the said frame is held stationary as far as its vertical position is
concerned, and in the second place of a 'Elfread guide L sliding along one of the
arms of said fraine and carried by in arm L' secured to a socket L' which embraces
the spindle below the bobbin K, and is provided with a flange B seated on the
copping rail to be thereby traversed along the spindle. A spring O adjusted by a
bolty and nut holds the socket L on the copping rail and may serve as a brake. The
winder so combined is in frictional contact with the spindle at three different places,
viz., with socket L, socket L' and ring 13. One of the armis L' carries two other
tbread guides E E. The ring L³ is to be lifted above the spindle tip and the frame
to be turned aside when the bobbin is to be doffed.
Figure 25 shews a winder composed of a thread guide L, arm L', and a friction
device consisting of a socket T embracing the spindle below the cop, provided with
an oblong plate B protruding through an opening in a plute A secured to the copping
rail, the said oblong plate being crooked transversely at or near its middle, so that
one part will slide on the upper face and 'the other part on the lower face of the
plate A. A ring R serves to prevent the arm L' from being bent outwards by
centrifugal force.
Figure 26 shews the winder composed of a thread guide L, arm L', and friction
device L², all made of one piece of sheet'metal. The friction device embraces the
spindle below the cop; it consists of an oblong plate of the form shewn in figures 27

page_text: and 28, with an opening through which the spindle passes, and crooked transversely
at or near its middle, so as to bear partly against the upper face and partly against.
the lower face of a plate A fixed to the copping rail W. The winding commences at
the top of the spindle and the building of the cop is performed in the downward
direction, the copping rail being lowered in the same proportion as it is raised in
building the cop in the ordinary way.
Figure 29 shews a winder, the friction device of which is a socket L2, with a
projecting flange m loosely fitting into a suitable recess in the plate A fixed to the
copping rail below the cop. The building of the cop is performed from the top of the
spindle downward, and, when the full cop is to be doffed, the copping rail with
the winder is to be lowered somewhat for the purpose of winding a certain supply of
yarn on to the bare spindle below the full cop, as shewn in the drawing, whereupon
the cop may be doffed and the said supply of yarn shifted up to the top of the
spindle to begin a fresh cop with.
The shape of the winder is of no importance in the operation of building cops in
the downward direction; any winder of a similar construction embracing the spindle
below the cop may be used for the purpose.
Figures 30, 31, and 32, shew winders in different positions, in order to illustrate
the influence of the unbalanced weight of the winder, its centrifugal action, and the
pull of the thread in causing frictional contact with the spindle. Two examples of
winder are shewn on each spindle, one above and one below the cop. It should be
understood that in practice the socket or friction part of the winder fits more closely
on the spindle than can be shewn in the drawing and therefore its oblique position as
shewn in these figures is somewhat exaggerated in order that the principle may be
better understood.
In figure 30 the upper winder is carried by a ring R, the thread guide L being
seated on the same. The socket L of the lower winder, as well as that of the other
winders shewn in figures 31 and 32, is provided with a flange B by which they are
to be seated on the copping rail. In figure 30 the spindle is supposed to be at rest
and the friction devices of the two winders are in an oblique position, bearing with
their edges against the spindle, owing to the unbalanced weight of the arm L' and its
thread guide L, so that frictional contact is produced at the start when the spindle
begins to rotate.
In figures 31 and 32 the spindle is supposed to be in motion, the former figure
shewing the effect of centrifugal force on the winder which is in the position it is
thereby caused to assume, the edges of the socket L2 bearing on the spindle and
causing friction. Figure 32 shews the influence of the pull of the thread, the arm L'
acting as a lever upon the socket L' and the winder assuming a position in which its
edges are in frictional contact with the spindle. These three forces act alternately in
causing friction between the winder and spindle during the spinning, the said forces
regulating and supplementing each other. The greater the unbalanced weight of the
winder and its centrifugal action, the greater the friction arising between it and the
spindle, and vice versa. In figure 32 the arm of the upper winder is provided
with an extra weight 4 which can be shifted along the said arm to a greater or less
radial distance from the spindle, so as to increase or lessen the centrifugal force of the
arm Land thus render the winder suitable for spinning different kinds of yarn. The
lower winder may have a counter-weight to counterbalance the weight of the arm L'
to a certain extent, which is necessary in certain cases when little friction is required.
By making such counter-weight heavier than the arm L', its unbalanced weight will
act in the opposite direction to arm L² on the friction device, so as to cause friction.
It is self-evident that the effect of the three forces will be the same, if the socket L²
embraces a tube of paper, tin, or wood, stuck over the spindle.
Figures 33 to 43 shew various friction devices in contact with the upper part of
the spindle and connected with a thread guide or traveller through the medium of
the thread. These friction devices vary as to their form and in the manner of coming
into frictional contact with the spindle.
Figure 33 shews a friction device L³, consisting of a simple small ring held on

page_text: neck at the top of the spindle and made sufficiently large for the thread to pass
through, frictional contact being obtained by the pull of the thread and centrifugal
action. This friction device is connected through the thread with a traveller L
running on a ring R or.it may be connected with the thread guide of a winder
having a friction device embracing the spindle below the cop, as in licated by dotted
lines in the same figure, so that the thread guide is aided in its rotation by friction
above as well as below the cop.
Figure 34 shews a friction device L² held on a neck at the top of the spindle and
formed with a hook or curl 3. .
Figures 35 and 36 shew two friction devices consisting of a cup embracing the
tip of the spindle and having a small inwardly projecting lip formed at the lower
end, which engages in a neck in the spindle. The cup-carries a hook 3. for the thread
to pass through. The hook shewn in figure 35 is fixed, whilst that shewn in
figure 36 is pivoted to the cup and can be brought into an upright position, as
shewn in dotted lines, to allow of the cop being doffed without taking the friction
device off the spindle.
Figures 37 to 39 shew the friction device L2 in the form of a pin inserted in an
axial hole in the tip of the spindle. That shewn in figure 37 is formed with a spiral
like curl around which the thread passes. The pins shewn in figures 38 and 39 are
formed with a flat head bearing on the top of the spindle, provided with a hook
which is fast to the head in figure 38 and pivoted in figure 39.
Figures 40 and 41 shew a friction device L2 in the shape of a socket provided
with two curls 3 and 4 and connected through the medium of the thread with a
traveller L seated on a ring R. The socket is free to slide up and down on the
spindle. During the building of the cop, the ring R in its up and down traverse.
comes into contact with the curl 4 every time it reaches its highest position, whereby
the friction device is lifted, as shewn in figure 41. As the cop grows, the friction
device is gradually lifted higher up on the spindle and rests ou the tip of the cop K
while the ring is descending, as shewn in figure 41.
Figure 42 shews in plan a friction device made of wire bent or twisted round the
spindle S and formed with a curved arm at each side to guide the thread and to come
into contact with the ring R during the building of the cop, to be thereby lifted in
the same manner as the friction device shewn in figure 41.
Figure 43 shews in plan a friction device consisting of a disc or plate having
two curved notches or eyes for the thread to pass through. The said disc is free
to slide over the spindle and to be lifted by a ring R, as shewn in figure 41.
The friction devices shewn in figures 33 to 48 are rendered detachable; those
shewn in figures 30, 40, to 43, must be taken off the spindle when the cop is to be
doffed; those shewn in figures 33, 36, to 39, may remain on the spindle.
Figures 44 to 47 represent winders which are carried on the copping rail by a
guide secured to the arm L. They are especially adapted for spinning on tubes
stuck over the spindle. By the influence of the unbalanced weight of the winder, its
centrifugal action, and the pull of the thread, friction is not only obtained at L², but
also by the arm L' or thread guide L bearing on the spun yarn or on the tube stuck
over the spindle.
By the winders shewn in figures 44 to 46, the building of the cop is performed
from the top downwards; by that shewn in figure 47 the cop is built upwards in
the ordinary way.
Figure 44 shews a winder, the friction collar L³ of which embraces the spindle
below the cop, the spindle being made of a length to allow for the traverse of the
winder. The arm L' is formed with a U-shaped bend L³, which embraces a flat
ring R fixed to the copping rail, whereby the up and down traverse is given to the
winder. By the influence of the pull of the thread, the bend 15 comes into contact
with the tube stuck over the spindle, or the thread guide L bears on the cop to
cause friction. Or the winder may be traversed by a pin on the arm L' sliding
within the hollow of a double flanged ring, as shewn in dotted lines. The spindle
tip is provided with a cross notch or slit in which the thread is made fast after the

page_text: full cop has been doffed, before the winding-on takes place to start the new cop, or
the tube stuck over the spindle may be provided with a similar notch or slit for the
same purpose.
Figure 45 shews another winder which is traversed by the copping rail in the same
way as that shewn in figure 44, by a guide L' attached to the arm L. The friction
device consists in this case of an oblong ring L2 embracing the cop tube stuck over
the spindle in an oblique position and being formed with a tongue-piece L³. Friction
is caused not only by the inner edge of the oblong ring, but also by the tongue L³ or
the part L of the winder coming into contact with the cop tube stuck over the spindle,
or by the thread-guide L bearing on the cop.
Figure 46 shews the same winder in front view. The angle of the part L² may be
varied, for instance as shewn in dotted lines.
Figure 47 shews a winder with a friction collar 1 embracing the spindle below the
cop and having a U-shaped guide L' secured to the arm L' embracing a flat ring R.
The winder may be otherwise traversed, for instance as shewn in dotted lines. By the
influence of the pull of the thread, the arm L or the thread guide L can be brought
into frictional contact with the spun yarn or with the cop tube stuck over the
spindle.
It is self-evident that the winders shewn in figures 44 to 47 may also be used for
spinning on the bare spindle.
The mode of guiding or traversing the winder by the copping rail may be varied,
for instance there may be a double flanged ring or two flanges secured to a socket L³
instead of a single flange, the two flanges embracing the edge of a flat ring or part
of a ring, or the edge of a plate fixed to the copping rail, in the same manner as the
guide I, shown in Figure 47, embraces the edge of the ring R. Or a flange or
part of a flange secured to a socket I may be guided between two rings or between
the flanges of a double flanged ring in a similar manner to that shewn by dotted lines
in Figure 47, where a pin secured to the arm L' slides between the flanges of a double
flanged ring.
'
Figure 48 shews the winding-on mechanism which is required for those winders
which embrace the spindles above the cops, and therefore require to be lifted off from
the spindles previous to doffing. G is the framework in which the various parts are
mounted when the full cops are to be doffed the copping rail W with the winders is
to be raised. For this purpose a disc R is secured to the shaft A and bas a chain or
flexible steel band B lapped around it, which is fastened with its other end to the
copping rail W, so that by turning the shaft A the chain or band is wound upon the
dise R and the copping rail is raised with the winders above the spindles. The means
for turning the shaft A to lift the winders above the spindles are of any suitable kind
independent of the spinning motion and will be readily understood without illus-
tration. By shifting the driving belt T from the fast to the loose pulley T, the
spinning motion is stopped and the winding on mechanism is engaged. The loose
pulley has secured to it a worm which is in gear with a worm wheel 3 com-
municating motion through an intermediate shaft 4 and a second worm 5 to the
worm wheel 6 on a shaft 7 which carries two other wheels 8 and 9 of the same diameter.
One of these wheels gears into a large wheel 10 connected with the cams 11 and 12,
and the other wheel imparts motion by an intermediate wheel 13 to a wheel 14 which
is loose on the shaft Zand carries a pawl 30 engaging a ratchet wheel 15 fixed on the
shaft Z which carries the drums for driving the spindles S, whereby a slow motion is
communicated to the spindles S. The two cams 11 and 12 act upon double armed
levers 16 and 17 provided with segmental racks gearing with the two wheels 24
and 25 fast upon the shafts 18 and 19. Upon the shaft 15 are fixed the lever
arns 20 carrying the faller wires 22 whilst the shaft 19 carries jointed levers 21
consisting of two members jointed together at 26, the outer member resting upon a
set screw 27 and carrying at its outer end the faller wire 23. By the revolution of
the cams 11 and 12, the levers 20 and 21 are caused to alter their position, the
curved part of the outer member of the levers 21 being brought into contact with a

page_text: roller 28 in its downward movement whereby it is lifted off the set-screw 27, the
faller wire 23 being then caused to move in a curved line.
The positions are altered in the following way; The lever 20 with the wire 22
leaves its position 22, as shewn in dotted lines, moving upwards until it stops, in
the full line position, above the spindle tip. The lever 21 with the wire 23 leaves
its raised position 23, shewn in dotted lines, and going downward passes by and over
the wire 22 to the position 23". By this movement the wire 23 causes a certain
length of the thread to be drawn off the full cop K over the wire 22, corresponding
to the amplitude of its movement. When the lever 20 with the wire 22 descending
returns to its original position 22ª, at the same time that the lever 21 with wire 23
descends still lower to position 23° and back again upwards to its original position 23,
while the portion of the thread previously drawn off the cop is now being wound on
to the bare spindle below the cop at the point 29 to start a fresh cop with. The cops
are then ready for doffing. After doffing, the driving belt is to be returned to the
fast pulley to stop the winding-on mechanism and actuate the spinning motion for
spinning the new cop, and at the same time the copping rail with the winders is to
be lowered again by turning the shaft A so as to unwind the chain or band B from
the disc R. The traverse of the copping rail for building the cop is carried out by
the alternate revolution of the disc R, but the mechanism for producing such
alternate motion is independent of the means for raising the winders above the
spindles. The winding-on mechanism may be brown out of gear independently of
the loose pulley, if the wonm-shaft 4 be mounted in a bracket capable of pivoting
about the shaft Z, so as to put worm 5 out of gear and thus interrupt the communi-
cation of motion.
In Figures 49 and 50, a device is shewn which may be employed in combination
with certain modifications of winders, for instance with those shown in figures 12 to 16,
in order to ensure that the winders will remain in their position on the copping rail
while being lifted off from the spindle previously to deffing. W is the copping rail
having secured to it the plate A upon which is held the friction device of the
winder consisting of an oblong crooked plate sliding against the upper and lower
faces of the plate A as hereinbefore described. The rail U is attached to the copping
rail W by a hinge C, and a yielding plate O projects from the rail U, being held over
the friction device L2 and having a slot for the spindle to pass through. The sliding
bracket M carrying the copping rail W slides on a vertical rod or standard R. pro-
vided with a longitudinal groove N in which works the end of an arm JH projecting
from the rail U. A spiral spring D is interposed between the two plates A and O,
so as to hold the plate O raised in order to admit of free movement of the winder.
When the copping rail W with the winders is lifted above the spindles for the purpose
of doffing the full cops, the end of the arm H passes, out of its groove in the standard,
whereby the rail U with the yielding plate are forced downwards, the spring D
being compressed and the piate O bearing on the friction device L2 of the winder and
pressing it on the plate A and thus holding it in position. When the copping rail W
is lowered, the spring D and the plate Ŏ are released from pressure, the arm H
returns into its groove N in the standard R and the friction device of the winder is
set free.
Figures 51 and 52 shew improvements in devices for delivering the ends to the
spindles. The ends are carried forward by a roller, upon which a shell is pressed,
the inner face of which is of the same curvature as the roller and polished so that the
end will slide thereon. Such devices have hitherto been used in practice only for the
purpose of drawing the slivers or ends, whilst my invention has for its object to
employ shells of an improved shape especially for the purpose of delivering the ends
to the spindles.
Figure 51 shews the shell D pivoted by studs O in the spinning frame so as to
press against the delivery roller C by its own weight, the end F being passed
between the two. The said shell covers the roller as far as the point where
the end leaves the roller to be delivered to the spindle. Owing to the shape.of

page_text: the front part of the shell D, the point of delivery is easily accessible to the
attendant for piecing broken ends, in comparison to the old way of delivering, where
the "nip" or point a is covered by the front roller, as shewn in dotted lines.
The back or ingoing side of the shell is rounded or bevelled off to ensure a smooth
entrance of the thread between the shiell and roller.
Figure 52 shews a similar shell which, instead of beg pivoted, is loosely held
within a frame G so as to hear on the delivery roller C by its own weight. This
device is applicable to all kinds of spinning and twisting machinery and may be
employed in combination with one or several sets of ordinary drawing rollers or
with rollers furnished with shells of the ordinary form.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is;
1. In a tirostle frame, the combination, with a live spindle, of a winder having a
thread guide connected with a friction device which is brought into frictional
contact with the spindle above or below the cop by the influence of the pull of the
thread, the unbalanced weight of the winder, and its centrifugal action, so that the
winder is not only rotated by the pull of the thread but also by friction from
the spindle, substantially as described.
2. The combination, with a live spindle, of a winder operated as specified in the
first claiming clause, the thread-guide of the winder being connected with the friction
device by an arm or bow, substantially as described.
3. The combination, with a live spindle, of a winder operated as specified in the
first claiming clause, the thread-guide of the winder being connected with the friction
device through the thread itself, substantially as described.
4. The combination, with a live spindle, of a winder operated as specified in the
first claiming clause, the friction device of the winder being in frictional contact with
an intermediate sleeve travelling up and down upon the spindle together with the
friction device, instead of bearing direct on the spindle, substantially as described.
5. The combination, with a live spindle, of a winder operated as specified in the
first claiming clause, the friction device being brought into frictional contact with a
tube stuck over the spindle, instead of bearing on the bare spindle, substantially as
described.
6. The combination, with a live spindle, of a winder operated as specified in the
first claiming clause, the winder having two friction devices connected with the thread-
guide, one being in frictional contact with the spindle below, and the other above, the
cop, substantially as and for the purpose specified.
7. The combination, with a live spindle, of a winder operated as specified in the
first claiming clause, the thread-guide of the winder being connected with a friction
device by an arm or bow bearing on the spun yarn or on the spindle or tube, so as
to cause friction in addition to the friction arising between the friction device of the
winder and the spindle, substantially as and for the purpose described.
8. In a throstle frame, the combination, with a live spindle, of a winder composed
of a thread-guide connected by an arm with a friction device seated on the copping
rail and bearing on the spindle below the cop, and of a frame in frictional contact
with the spindle below and above the cop and upon which the thread-guide slides up
and down, as described, whereby the whole winder is in frictional contact with the
spindle at three points, substantially as and for the purpose described.
9. The combination, with a live spindle, of a winder, substantially as described,
the winder being provided with one or two flanges or discs and guided by one or two
rings secured to the copping rail, substantially as described.
10. The combination, with a live spindle, of a winder, as herein described, the
winder being provided with a portion or portions of one or two discs or with one or
two pins to be guided by, one or two rings secured to the copping rail, substantially
as described.
11. The combination, with a live spindle, of a winder, as herein describel, the
C

page_text: winder being provided with one or two flanges or dises to be guided by a portion, or
portions, of one or two rings, or one or two plates secured to the copping rail,
substantially as described.
12. In combination with winders which embrace the spindles above the cops, as
described, a device for lifting the copping rail with the winders off the spindles
previous to doffing and for lowering the same after the winding on for the new cops
has been effected, substantially as described.
13. In combination with winders which embrace the spindles above. the cops, as
described, a winding-on mechanism whereby a certain supply of yarn is drawn from
the full cops and wound on to the spindle below the cops for starting the new cops,
substantially as described.
or tube
14. The combination of a winder used for starting the new cop at the top of the
spindle and building it from the top downwards, as described, with a spindle
stuck over the spindle provided with a slit at its top end, in which the thread is held
fast to the spindle when the winding on takes place for starting the new cop
substantially as described.
15. For the delivery of ends, the combination, with a delivery roller, of a shell
pressing against the roller, and the thread passing through between, the said shell
being so arranged and formed as to render the point of delivery free of access,
substantially as described.
Dated this 31st day of May 1890.
ERNST GESSNER.
By A. M. & Wm. Clark,
53, Chancery Lane, London, Patent Agents.