Improvements in and Appertaining to Type-writing Machines.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 18th Oct., 1887
Complete Specification Left, 18th July, 1888
Complete Specification Accepted, 24th Aug., 1888
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and Appertaining to Type-writing Machines.
I, FREDERICK MYERS of 56 Huskisson Street, Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
The invention relates to a type-writing machine in which the type is arranged on the
periphery of a type wheel having a tendency to revolve under the action of a constant
source of power, but prevented from revolving, except when a type key or its
equivalent is depressed, by the pressure of a block on a brake wheel.
In carrying out the invention, I provide a wheel or dise on the periphery of which
are arranged the letters, numbers, stops, abreviations, symbols, etcetera, which are
required. This wheel is carried by a spindle or shaft secured in any convenient
manner to the frame of the machine.
The type wheel is continually under the action of a spring, preferably a coil spring,
somewhat similar to those used for clocks, and made so that it can be re-wound from
time to time, as soon as it has spent its force. In place of a spring I may provide a
dynamo or electrical motor attached preferably to the spindle on which the type wheel
is mounted. Or the type wheel may receive its rotary motion from a power shaft
driven by steam or other source of power. The type wheel is prevented from revolving
under the action of this spring or other power, except when a type key or its equivalent
is depressed, by the pressure of a block on a brake wheel, in the manner hereinafter
described. The spindle carries a number of discs having teeth or projections on their
periphery or sides, said discs being firmly secured to the spindle so as to revolve with
the type wheel. The spindle also carries a wheel preferably with toothed or jagged
edges which can be gripped by a brake or its equivalent, and the spindle and type wheel
thus prevented from revolving.

page_text: The
paper carrying roller is arranged beneath the type wheel, and parallel
to the spindle. It is moved longitudinally for spacing the letters, and is rotated for
spacing the lines.
The type keys are placed in a convenient manner, preferably in parallel rows
above the spindle, and by means of the device which will be hereafter described, are
each capable of printing two or more letters, figures, or symbols. When the desired
key is depressed by the operator its movement releases the brake, thus permitting the
power driven type wheel to revolve. At the same moment, however, it engages a
projection on one of the discs and thereby stops the type wheel in a position ready for
making an impression. The movement of the key also raises the paper roller,
and presses it against the type wheel, thus making an impression on the paper of the
desired character.
In my model type-writer, I provide all the capital and small letters, together with
the figures, symbols, stops, etcetera, on the periphery of the type wheel
The type
keys are arranged in nine parallel rows, but of course any other number may be
provided as required by the size of the machine. The same set of keys which are
used for printing, the large or capital letters etcetera, can also be used (by means of the
mechanisin hereafter described) for printing the small letters, stops, etcetera, as well as
the figures.
Below each row of keys, is provided in any convenient manner, a lever or rod upon
which the ends of the keys or the spindles of the same rest. This type lever can be
depressed by any one of the keys in the row which rest upon it. It is held in position
by a spring, or if desired, the keys themselves may each be held in position by a spring.
I prefer, ho vever, that each lever be provided with the spring so that all the keys in
the row will be depressed when one is touched, and thus leave ample space for the
hand or fingers of the operator. All the keys are provided with stops so arranged
that no two keys in a row will descend the same distance. For example, the second
key may be made to descend a little further than the first one, the third a little further
than the second, and so on. A disc (firmly attached to the spindle carrying the type
wheel) is placed just beneath each type lever, and is provided with the same number
of teeth or projections as there are type keys in each row (generally four). The power
driven type wheel with its spindle and toothed disc is prevented from revolving by the
application of a block or cushion, which engages a wheel, preferably made with
toothed or jagged edges, also attached to the spindle. This block is held in engage-
ment with the wheel by a spring or by the weight of the paper carrying devices, but
is withdrawn from engagement therewith at the moment any one of the type keys are
depressed. This may be accomplished by any suitable mechanism, such for example
as that adopted in my model machine consisting of a sliding bracket to which the
block or cushion is attached. One end of a pivoted lever engages this sliding bracket,
the other end is provided with a rod or bar placed immediately below the pivoted type
Jevers, and made of sufficient length so that the moment a type lever is depressed,
it strikes the rod, and thereby withdraws the block from the brake wheel. This
striking lever is conveniently provided with double arms at one end. One of these
arms is provided for engaging the block of the brake wheel, as before described,
the other one may be attached to the paper roller frame by means of a connecting
rod.
The paper roller is arranged beneath the type wheel, and is supported in a framing.
made to slide longitudinally in a guide or bed. The bed is hinged or pivoted to the
framing of the machine, so that the roller with its sliding frame and attachments can
be raised against the type wheel. The connecting rod has at its lower end a longi-
tudinal slot through which passes the connecting pin of an arm attached or spring
pivoted to the bed of the paper carrying roller, and along which the said slot is able
to move. The top of this slot rests normally on the pin, and is of such a length that
its lower end only engages the pin, and raises the paper carrying roller after a
great portion of the upward movement of the connecting rod and downward
movement of a type key has been accomplished. When any of the type keys and
stop or type levers are depressed to the full extent of their travel, the paper carrying

page_text: roller will therefore be raised against the type wheel. The type keys being depressed
through varying distances in consequence of the positions of the respective shoulders
it follows that the connecting rod will have a different amount of upward movement
for each longitudinal row of type keys. The upward travel of the paper carrying
roller is, however, constant and must be accomplished by the shortest upward movement
of the connecting rod. To allow the before mentioned arm of the bed to move
independently of the bed during the greater movements of the rod it is spring
pivoted. The spring is strong enough to keep the arm in normal position while the
type on the type wheel prints the paper on the roller, but any pressure on the type
wheel, in excess of what is necessary to print, overcomes the resistance of the spring,
and prevents the type or paper from being injured.
The raising of the paper carrying roller causes it to be moved longitudinally the
necessary distance for spacing the letters. This may be effected by means of a
ratchet wheel and screw conveniently supported by the hinged bed or frame. A
pawl attached to the frame of the machine engages the ratchet wheel, and prevents
it rotating in the wrong direction. The screw is provided with a nut attached to the
paper roller frame. When the paper roller is raised to make an impression, the screw
will be held firmly by the engagement of the ratchet wheel and pawl, and will not
rotate. The nut will therefore rotate on the screw and the paper roller will move
longitudinally the space required to print one character at each upward movement of
the roller. It is evident that the pawl may be made to engage the ratchet wheel in
the opposite direction, so that when the paper descends after having received an
impression, the roller will move longitudinally the space of one letter. In place of
the screw for moving the paper roller longitudinally I may provide a toothed rack
attached to the hinged bed and having at its end in place of the ratchet wheel a pin
or finger. The sliding frame carrying the paper roller, has pivoted to it a pawl which
engages the teeth of this rack in one direction. As the connecting rod is raised by
the depression of a key a pin attached thereto raises the rear end of a rocking lever,
which rests upon it. The said lever is pivoted to the frame or other suitable point,
and carries at its front end an inclined finger or projection which, when depressed,
engages the aforesaid pin on the rack and causes the rack, and with it the sliding
frame of the paper carrying roller by means of the pawl, to be drawn forward the
space required for printing one letter. By this time the lower end of the slot in the
connecting rod has engaged the pin of the arm, which is spring pivoted to the paper
carrying roller frame and the further movement of the connecting rod raises the said
arm, and consequently the paper carrying roller a sufficient distance to press the
paper thereon against the vertical or sloping finger of the rocking lever. On a type
key being released, the rocking lever is brought back to its original position (and
with it the connecting rod) by means of the spring. The rack is now returned by a
spring, the pawl riding over the teeth of the said rack. When required, this pawl
may be put out of gear and so held by a spring provided for the purpose. Or if
desired a chamfered head on the rack may be made to engage a fixed projection or
cam, when the paper roller is raised, which causes the rack to be drawn forward (and
with it the sliding frame by means of the pawl) the space of one letter, then when the
hinged frame drops, the sliding frame by means of a spring moves back to its first
position, the pawl riding over the teeth of the rack. Of course the pawl may engage
the rack in the reverse direction if desired.
For the purpose of spacing the words, I provide an additional key having a foot
which when the key is depressed, causes the sloping finger on the before mentioned
rocking lever to engage the pin on the end of the toothed rack, and thus moves the
paper carrying roller forward the necessary distance. When pressure is removed
from this key it flies up under the action of a spring. The rack being thus released
it moves back as before under the action of the spring the pawl riding over the
teeth of the rack. The spacing key may be depressed by a pivoted spacing lever
having a pedal or finger bar which is supported at its other end on a similar pivoted
lever. By means of this finger bar, the spacing key may be worked conveniently by
either hand.

page_text: If a screw and ratchet wheel are provided in the place of a rack, the spacing key
engages the teeth of the ratchet wheel causing it to turn the screw and move the
paper roller forward the required distance. The paper roller is preferably of such a
diameter that the type wheel cannot print more than one character at a time, and is
made so that it can be rotated by hand to form the spacing of the lines. It is
provided with stops so that the spacing of the lines may be uniform. The paper
is held to the roller in any convenient manner, but preferably by means of a clip or
holder which is attached to a rod, which passes the whole length of the roller frame,
and is hinged thereto, being held in position by springs. The roller frame being
withdrawn clear of the type wheel, the rod carrying the paper clip, is thrown back
by means of a handle. The edge of the sheet of paper is slipped under the roller,
(being guided thereto by a guide) then passed over it and the clip brought down
again. The clip has an opening, a portion of the surface of the paper being thus left
exposed so as to receive an impression from the type wheel.
Each type lever is provided with a stopping device firmly secured thereto, having
a projection or projections at its end for the purpose of engaging the pins or projec-
tions on the discs attached to the main spindle of the machine.
Now let it be
supposed for example that the first key is marked with the letter A. The depression
of this key will release the block from the brake disc, and the power driven type
wheel will rotate. The stop plate will, however, engage the projection on the disc
corresponding with the letter A on the type wheel, and will thereupon instantly stop
its motion, the letter being therefore in a position ready for making an impression.
The striking lever, besides releasing the brake wheel, actuates (by means of the
connecting rod) the rocking lever causing the paper roller to be moved longitudinally
the space required to print one character, and afterwards raising the said roller
against the type wheel as before described. As soon as the key is released it flies
upward, the brake is again applied to prevent the type wheel rotating, and the paper
roller is lowered. If the second key of the same row is now depressed, which let it
be supposed is marked B, the brake is released as before, but the stop plate does not
descend the same distance as key A, and consequently does not engage the same pin
or projection, but a pin on the face of the disc, corresponding to letter B on the type
wheel. The remaining keys in the row stop the type wheel in an exactly similar
manner. As each key descends, a greater or less distance than its neighbour it can
engage only one tooth on the disc, and it is evident the remaining teeth cannot be
engaged by it because the projection orojections on its end are not of sufficient
width, or are not in such a position as to engage more than one pin or tooth at a time.
The remaining rows of keys are arranged in similar manner to the first row. It will,
however, be evident that the teeth of the discs are not placed in the same position
relatively to the first disc, but either lead or follow the teeth of the disc preferably
next it. If there are, for example, 81 characters on the type wheel, and all the said
letters are the same pitch or distance apart, then the teeth in each disc will be made
to lead or follow the teeth on the disc, preferably nearest to it gr part of the circum-
ference of the disc.
I prefer to form the projections on each side of the disc. For example, if four
projections are provided, then two projections are formed on each side. The stop plate
which is attached to the type lever will therefore be provided with two teeth or
projecting catches. Key A may cause one of the catches of the stop plate to engage
a projection on one side, and key B causes the other catch to engage the projection
on the opposite side of the disc, and so on. By this means the variation in the
distance each key descends is less than if the projections were all formed on one side
of the disc.
I will now proceed to describe the manner in which 1 print small characters and
figures. Between each toothed disc I provide two other toothed discs constructed in a
similar manner to those already described, and having their teeth arranged in a position
corresponding to the characters and figures on the type wheel. In my model machine,
the first of these intermediate discs, that is to say, every second disc of the set of three
discs, I use for printing figures, and the last of each set I use for printing small

page_text: characters, etcetera. They are, however, only placed in this way as being the most
convenient arrangement; if desired, the disc used for figures could be placed for
example the first, in every set, the disc used for small letters second, and that used for
capitals third. All the type keys and levers are mounted in a frame supported on
guides, so that the whole is capable of a longitudinal movement. The type keys and
levers can therefore be shifted as a whole on those guides so as to engage at the
option of the operator, either the first, second or third discs in each set.
In order to print figures or signs etcetera, the frame carrying the type keys is
shifted on to the second disc in each set, which is provided with the requisite number
of projections. Now suppose, for example, that the first key is marked with the
figure 2 in addition to the letter A before mentioned. The keys having been shifted,
they will no longer engage the first disc in each set, but the second one. Consequently
the stop plate will engage the projection on the second disc of the set, which corre-
sponds with the figure 2 on the type wheel. There are generally only a limited
number of figures and signs, which are required in writing, and therefore as a rule
only one or at the most two keys in each row will be required. If this is the case
the disc will only be provided with such projections as are necessary, consequently
any of those keys not used for figure printing which are now depressed will not
engage any projection.
To print sinall characters, the keys are shifted onto the third disc in each set, which
is furnished as a rule with the same number of projections as the first disc. The same
keys used for printing the capital letters are used for printing the small ones. The
action which is the same as before described will be evident without further
description.
The frame carrying the keys is conveniently shifted by a hand lever provided with
stops so as to hold it in any of the required positions.
Under the hinged bed of the machine (or in other convenient position) and attached
thereto, I provide a warning bell, which is struck when a line of printing is nearly
finished. The hammer is attached to the hinged bed, and is engaged by a lug or stop
on the paper roller frame, which raises the hammer and permits it to fall and strike
the bell when the line is finished, or nearly finished. The paper roller is then drawn
back on its slide, and turned ready for commencing a fresh line. The return move-
ment of the roller does not cause the hammer to strike the bell. The screw which I
prefer to provide for spacing the letters having "quick" threads, readily rotates
in its nut, and does not prevent the roller being moved longitudinally by hand.
If it is desired to repeat the impression of a character two or more times in
succession, it will be evident that each time the type key is depressed it will in the
ordinary manner cause the type wheel to make one complete revolution for each
impression. If letters are thus frequently repeated, the spring, if such is used, would
rather quickly spend its force. To obviate this I provide a block which is brought
into engagement with the brake wheel independently of the block before described.
The block, when depressed, will grip the brake wheel and prevent the type wheel
rotating. The block is mounted on a spindle having a push head or its equivalent,
which passes through the spacing lever, and is supported thereby. Between the said
push head and the spacing lever a spring is inserted, so that the block is held clear of
the brake wheel, even when the spacing lever is depressed, but is free to move when
required, independently of said lever. If desired, the block may be attached to a
pivoted lever, which, when depressed causes the block to engage the disc, and prevent
any movement of the type wheel. The impression of a character may thus be
repeated as many times as required. The pivoted lever would be held out of engage-
ment with the brake wheel by means of a spring.
The ink is preferably carried on one or more rollers which are carried on spindles.
These inking rollers rest on the surface of the type, and each character is necessarily
brought into contaet therewith as the type wheel rotates.
When a spring is used for driving the type-wheel I prefer to provide a coil spring
wound on a drum or disc conveniently attached to the frame of the machine. A

page_text: portion of this device may be provided with teeth to engage a pinion on the main
spindle of the machine, and can be re-wound by turning the drum or disc in the
ordinary manner, as soon as it has spent its force. In place of a spring a dynamo or
electrical motor may be employed, or the type wheel may be driven from a power
driven shaft by a gut-strap-gearing or its equivalent.
It must be distinctly understood that I do not limit myself to the exact details of
my model apparatus herein described, as the same may be modified without materially
altering the nature of the invention.
Dated this 17th day of October 1887.
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of 6, Lord Street, Liverpool,
Patent Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and Appertaining to Type-writing Machines.
I, FREDERICK MYERS of 56 Huskisson Street, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
The invention relates to a type-writing machine in which the type is arranged on
the periphery of a type wheel having a tendency to revolve under the action
of a constant source of power, but prevented from revolving except when a type
key or its equivalent is depressed, by the pressure of a block on a brake wheel.
The invention may be described by reference to the accompanying drawings, in
which,
Figure 1 is a front elevation of my improved type-writing machine.
Figure 2 is a cross secrion on line a, Figure 1 with the paper carrying roller and
its frame removed.
Figure a cross section on line yy, Figure 1, showing the paper carrying roller
frame and its attachments, and also a device for clipping the paper to the roller, (parts
of the mechanism being removed for the sake of clearness).
Figure 4 an end elevation with parts removed.
Figure 5 a plan of the machine.
Figure 6 a back elevation of a small portion of the type key frame with its handle,
and connecting rod for moving it longitudinally, and a device for locking it in the
required position.
Figure 7 a device for spacing the lines.
Figure 8 a plan of a portion of the machine, showing more especially the device
for spacing the words and letters.
Figure 9 side elevation (enlarged) of disc with pins and stopping device for engaging
the said pins or projections.
Figure 10 end elevation of Figure 9, used also as a diagram to show the arrange-
ments of pins in the whole series of discs, and the relative positions of the corresponding
type on the type wheel.
Figure 11 detail of paper gripping device.
A is the main frame of the apparatus, on which is mounted the upright frame B,
and the standard B¹. C is a wheel or disc on the periphery of which are arranged
all the letters, numbers, stops, symbols, etcetera, which are required. This type
wheel is mounted on a spindle or shaft D, which is journalled at one end to the
standard B, and at the other to the spring barrel frame B². The shaft D is preferably
driven by a spring, though other sources of motive power may be employed, such as
a small dynamo machine, a descending weight, etcetera, or even a band driven from a
continuously rotating shaft might be used in conjunction with a suitable friction
clutch. F is a spring barrel containing preferably a coil or clock spring wound on

page_text: a spindle or drum F', and supported between the cheeks of the frame B³ on the shelf f
of the upright B. The teeth of this spring barrel engage a pinion D¹ on the
spindle D. F is a handle for working the spring from time to time as soon
as it has spent its force. The spring is prevented from uncoiling when it has been
wound by means of the pawl, which engages the ratchet teeth f³ on the drum or
spindle F1, being a similar arrangement to that used for clocks.
The spindle D with its type wheel C, are continually under the action of the spring
in barrel F, but the spindle is prevented from revolving (except when released as
hereinafter set forth), by the application of a block or cushion L, which engages a
wheel M also attached to the spindle D, and preferably made with toothed or jagged
edges. This block is held in engagement with the wheel M by a spring hereinafter
referred to, or by the weight of the paper carrying devices, and their attachments, and
is withdrawn from engagement therewith when any one of the type keys is depressed.
For this purpose the block L is mounted on a sliding bracket N supported in guides N¹.
The spindle I also carries a number of discs K', K2, K³, having teeth projections, or
pins on their peripheries or sides, said dises being firmly secured to the spindle so
as to revolve with the type wheel.
The
paper carrying roller R is arranged beneath the type wheel C, and parallel to
the spindle D. As hereinafter described, it is moved longitudinally for spacing the
letters, and is rotated for spacing the lines.
The type keys G are arranged in any convenient manner, but preferably in parallel
rows, in the frame H, above the spindle D. The same keys which are used for printing
the large characters may be also used for printing the small characters, and the figures,
in the manner hereinafter described. The frame His mounted on guide rods E, so as to
slide longitudinally, the said rods being secured to the frame B, and standard B¹, or in
other convenient manner. Below each transverse row of type keys is provided a lever or
rod J, which is pivoted loosely upon a spindle Q¹, carried by the sliding frame H, and
upon which the type keys G or their spindles rest. This type lever can be depressed
by any one of the type keys G in the row, which rest upon it. It is held in position
by means of a spring J, Figure 3, and if desired, the keys themselves may be
provided with springs. I prefer, however, to provide the levers only with springs, so
that all the keys in one row will descend when one key is depressed, and thus leave
ample space for the hand or fingers of the operator. All the keys are provided with
shoulders or stops g so placed that no two keys in a row will depress their lever J
to the same distance. For example, the first or front key may cause its lever to
descend a little further than the second, the second key a little further than the third,
and so on.
Each type lever J is provided with a stopping device or plate secured thereto,
having projectionse (Figures 4 and 9) at its end for engaging pins or projections k,
on the discs K1, K2, K³, attached to spindle D below each lever. Each disc is provided
with the same number of teeth or projections & as there are type keys in each row
(generally four). O is a lever pivoted on the rod 0¹, which is supported at one end
in a journal on frame B, and at the other in the lug on the frame H. The said
lever is provided at one end with double arms, one of which 02 engages the sliding
bracket N (the object of the other .one being described hereinafter). The other end
of the lever O is provided with a rod or bar P placed below the pivoted type
levers J, and parallel to the ends thereof, being made of such a length that any
one of the said type levers will strike it when depressed, and thereby withdraw the
block L from the brake wheel M. The outer end of the bar P is attached to a lever O³
also pivoted on the rod O¹, and having a rearward extension O*. Between 0 and the
arm 02, a stay P¹ is rigidly fixed so that P, 0, 0, P¹, 04, and 0³, move together
as one frame about their pivot O'. Thus when the desired key is depressed by the
operator, its movement releases the brake L, and permits the power driven type
wheel C to revolve. As soon, however, as the key has descended as far as its
shoulder will permit it, one of the projections 2³, engages a projection kon one
of the discs K' K2 K³, and thereby stops the type wheel in a position ready for making
an impression. The movement of the key also raises the paper roller, as hereinafter

page_text: described, and presses it against the type wheel, thus making an impression on the
paper of the desired character.
Ris the paper carrying roller supported in any convenient manner on the frame R¹,
which slides in a hinged guide or bed S. The end of the roller R is provided with a
wheel having a number of notches r (Figure 7) into which a spring pin or pawl r
engages itself, holding the roller in any desired position. The distance between each
of the notches r is equal to the distance required between the lines of writing or
printing. On the completion of a line the hand wheel or disc 2 (Figure 1) is turned
in the direction of the arrow (Figure 7) the pawl is therefore depressed, and the
paper roller can be moved the required distance. One side of the bed S is hinged or
pivoted at s, to the main frame A of the machine, and to the frame B, or in other
convenient manner, so that the paper carrying roller R with its sliding frame and
attachments can be raised on its pivots s against the type wheel C. The end of bed S
furthest from the type wheel C, and below the lever O is provided with an arm §¹
which is connected by means of the rod S2 to the arm 05 of the lever O. The con-
necting rod S has at its lower end a longitudinal slot S³, through which the connecting
The top of this slot
pin of the arm S₁ passes, and along which it is able to move.
rests normally on the said pin, and is of such a length that its lower end only engages
the pin, and raises the paper carrying roller after a great portion of the upward
movement of the rod S2, and downward movement of a type key has been accomplished.
The bed S when at rest, is supported as shown, on a pin a affixed to the main frame A.
When any one of the type keys is depressed to the full extent of its travel, the paper
carrying roller R will therefore be raised against the type wheel C.
The type keys G being depressed through varying distances in consequence of the
positions of the shoulders q it follows that the connecting rod S will have a different
amount of upward movement for each longitudinal row of type keys. The upward
travel of the paper carrying roller R is, however, constant, and must be accomplished
by the shortest upward movement of the connecting rods S2, that is of the arm S¹.
To allow the said arm to move independently of the bed S, during the greater move-
ments of the rod S³, it is spring pivoted to S as shown at s¹ (Figure 2), its spring s
keeping the extension or tails normally against the bottom of the bed $. The
spring is strong enough to keep the arm S¹ in normal position while the type on
wheel C prints the paper on roller R, but any pressure on wheel C in excess of what
is necessary to print overcomes the resistance of the spring, and prevents the type or
paper from being injured.
The raising of the paper carrying roller R causes it to be moved longitudinally the
necessary distance for spacing the letters. This may be effected by means of a ratchet
wheel and a screw of quick pitch, conveniently supported by the hinged bed or frame S.
A pawl attached to the frame B of the machine, engages the ratchet wheel and
prevents it rotating in the wrong direction. The screw is provided with a nut attached
to the paper roller frame R'. When the paper roller is raised to make an impression,
the screw will be held firmly by the engagement of the ratchet wheel and pawl, and
will not rotate. The nut will therefore rotate on the screw, and the paper roller
frame will move longitudinally the space required to print one character at each
upward movement of the roller. It is evident that the pawl may be made to engage
the ratchet wheel in the opposite direction, so that when the paper descends after
having received an impression, the roller will move longitudinally the space of one
letter. In place of the screw for moving the paper roller longitudinally, I prefer,
however, the following arrangement. A toothed rack T is supported in brackets t,
attached to the hinged bed S, and has at its end a pin t'. The sliding frame R¹ has
pivoted to it a pawl t which engages the teeth of the toothed rack T in one direction
only. As the connecting rod S is raised by the depression of a key, the pin st
attached thereto, raises the rear end of the rocking lever 3 which rests upon it. The
said lever (shown in plan in Figure 8), is pivoted at t to the frame B or other suitable
point, and carries at its front end an inclined finger or projection t³, which, when
depressed, engages the pin t¹ and causes the rack T (and with it the sliding frame R'
B

page_text: by means of the pawl t³) to be drawn forward the space required for printing one
letter. By this time, the lower end of the slot S3 has engaged the pin of arms S¹,
and the further movement of the rod S² raises the said arm, and consequently the
paper carrying roller a sufficient distance to press the paper thereon, against the type
wheel C, the pin t' meanwhile resting against the vertical portion to of the finger to.
On the type key being released, the lever 3 is brought back to its original position,
(and with it the connecting rod S2), by means of the spring t'. The rack T is now
returned by the spring t8, the pawl t riding over the teeth of the said rack. When
required, the pawl 2 may be put out of gear, and so held by the spring to. The
spring also, serves to hold the block L against the wheel M. Or instead of a pin t
on the rack, and a sloping finger to to engage the same, I may employ a chamfered
head on the rack which may be made to engage a fixed projection or cam, in such a
manner, that when the paper roller is raised, the rack is drawn forward (and with it
the sliding frame by means of the pawl) the space of one letter. Then when the
hinged bed drops, the sliding frame, by means of a spring, moves back to its first
position, the pawl riding over the teeth of the rack.
For the purpose of spacing the words, I provide an additional key V having a foot v,
which, when the key is depressed, causes the sloping finger to to engage the pin t¹ on
the end of the toothed rack T, and this moves the paper carrying roller forward the
necessary distance. When pressure is removed from the key V, it flies up under the
action of spring v¹. The rack T being thus released, it moves back as before, under
the action of spring t8, the pawl t riding over the teeth of the rack. The spacing
key V is depressed by the pivoted lever V, having a pedal or finger bar V* which is
supported at its other end on a similar pivoted lever V. By means of the finger
bar V2 the spacing key V may be worked conveniently by either hand.
If a screw and ratchet wheel are provided in the place of a rack, the spacing key
engages the teeth of the ratchet wheel, causing it to turn the screw and move the
paper roller forward the required distance.
The paper roller R is preferably of such a diameter that the type wheel C cannot
print more than one character at a time, and it is made, as before described, so that
it can be rotated by hand to form the spacing of the lines. The paper is held to
the roller in any convenient manner, but preferably by means of a clip or holder
(Figures 3 and 11). The clip is attached to a rod 4, which passes the whole
length of the roller frame R¹, and is hinged thereto at (Figures 1 and 3) being held
in position by the springs 70. The roller frame R¹ being withdrawn clear of the type
wheel, the rod carrying the paper clip, is thrown back by means of the handle 77
(Figures 4 and 11). The edge of the sheet of paper is slipped under the roller (being
guided thereto by the guide) then passed over it, and the clip brought down again.
The clip has an opening (Figure 11) a portion of the surface of the paper being
thus left exposed so as to receive an impression from the type wheel. The paper is
moved in the direction of the arrow Figure 3.
Each type lever J is provided as aforesaid with a stopping device or plate j¹ secured
thereto, having projections j, j³, (Figure 9) at its end for engaging pins or pro-
jections on the discs K', K2, K, attached to spindle D. Or the discs K¹, K², K³,
may be simple bosses provided with one or more arms, having each a stop pin e. A
handle U pivoted at u on the top of the frame B, is connected with the type key
frame H by means of a connecting rod u. The type key frame can be moved
longitudinally on the guide rods E, by means of the handle U, so that the pro-
jections 3, 3, on the stop plate j¹, will engage the pins k on the discs K², when the
handle U is in the position shown in Figure 6. When it is moved towards the left or
right, the stop plate j¹ will engage respectively the discs K' K³. The frame is locked
in the desired position by means of the pin u², which engages depressions or holes u³
in the spring plate u.
The type keys bearing their respective letters, figures, symbols, etcetera, may be
arranged as shown on Figure 5, but of course many other arrangements may be
adopted. To print large characters etcetera, the type key frame H is moved longi-

page_text: tudinally so that all the stop plates will engage the discs whose projections k
correspond with the large characters in the type wheel, the type on which may be
conveniently arranged as shown by the outer circle on Figure 10. Discs K' may be
conveniently used for the large characters. The first type key in the front row is,
for example, depressed (which on Figure 5 is marked with the letter "L") until its
shoulder 9 rests on the frame H. Its movement depresses the type lever J and the
front end of the lever 0 (by means of bar P) thereby raising the arm 0, and with-
drawing the block L from the brake wheel M so that the type wheel will rotate under
the action of the spring in barrel F. One of the projections or j³ of the stop
plate will, however, engage a pin (marked "L," Figures 9 and 10) on the disc K¹
corresponding to letter L on the type wheel, and will therefore instantly stop the
motion of the type wheel C, the letter "L" on the said wheel, being then in a position
ready for making an impression on the surface of the paper exposed by the opening in
clip
The lever O besides releasing the brake wheel, actuates (by means of the rod S²)
the lever t³ causing the paper roller to be moved longitudinally, the space required to
print one character, and afterwards raising the said roller against the type wheel, as
before described. As soon as the key is released, it flies upward under the action of
spring J¹, the brake is again applied to prevent the type wheel rotating, and the paper
roller is lowered. If the second key in the same row is now depressed, which on the
drawing is marked "P," the brake is released as before, but the stop plate descends
a less distance than the first key, and therefore does not engage pin "L" (Figures 9
and 10) on the disc K¹, but a pin "P" (Figures 9 and 11) corresponding to "P1"
on the type wheel. The remaining keys in the row stop the type wheel in an exactly
similar manner. As each key descends a greater or less distance, the stop plate j' can
engage only one pin on the disc, and it is evident that the remaining pins cannot be
engaged by it, because the projection 2 or 3 on its end is not of sufficient width to
engage more than one pin at a time. The remaining rows of keys are arranged in a
similar way, but it will be evident that the pins on one disc K¹ are not placed in the
same angular position relatively to those on the other discs, but either lead or follow
the pins thereon. If there are, for example, (as shown in the drawing) 75 characters
on the type wheel, and all the said characters are the same pitch in distance apart,
then the pins on each of the discs K', K², & K³ will lead or follow the pins on one of
the other dises (preferably the one nearest to it) by an angle subtended by part
of its circumference (Figures 9 and 10), L, P, , & (Figures 9 and 10) represent for
example, the pins on the first disc K¹; Z, A, W₁, represent the pins on the second
disc K¹, X, S, E; the pins on the third disc K¹, and so on. I prefer to place the
pins on each side of the discs, and on the line of two circles of different radii
(Figures 9 and 10), but if desired. the pins may be provided on one side only, or they
may be arranged on the lines of more than two circles. When the pins k are
arranged only on one side of the disc, one projection or ³ only is required.
To print Figures the frame H is shifted on its guide rods so that the stop plates j¹
will engage the discs whose pins correspond with the figures on the type wheel,
preferably the discs K². There are generally only a limited number of figures and
symbols required for general use, and therefore, a limited number of pins will be
required on these discs. The third and fourth keys in the first row are marked for
example, with "," and "2," and therefore its discs will be provided with two pins
corresponding with the fraction "," and the number "2" on the type wheel. These
pins are represented on Figure 10 by "," and "2." The second disc in accordance
with the arrangement of keys illustrated on Figure 5 will be provided with one pin
represented by 3 on Figure 10, the fifth disc with two pins represented on Figure 10
by, ? 6, and so on. The two first keys in the first row ("P" and "L") and the
three first keys in the second row ("W," "A," "Z") for example, will not engage
any projection or discs K2, if they are depressed. The small plates q' on the rear
key of each row are only provided for convenience, as there is generally not sufficient
space for the represention of more than one character on a type key.

page_text: To print small characters, the frame H may be shifted so that the stop plates ;¹
engage the discs having pins in the same relative position as the small characters on the
type wheel, preferably the discs K³. The first disc K³ will therefore have pins
represented on Figure 10 by "1," "P,"
""1" and "&."
1,
W is a warning bell preferably attached to the hinged bed S. The pivoted pro-
jecting pin or snug w actuates the hammer w¹ each time the frame approaches the
end of its travel, and thus indicates when the end of a line is nearly reached.
The pawl can then be raised, and the paper roller drawn back to commence a
fresh line of printing. The snug w being pivotted, only actuates the hammer in one
direction.
If it is desired to repeat the impression of a character two or more times in
succession, it will be evident that each time the type key is depressed, it will in
the ordinary manner cause the type wheel to make one complete revolution for each
impression. If letters are thus frequently repeated, the spring in box F would
rather quickly spend its force. To obviate this, I provide a block X which is
brought into engagement with the brake wheel M independently of the block L
before described. The block X is faced with some yielding material, so that when
depressed it will grip the wheel M and prevent the type wheel rotating. The
block is mounted on a spindle a which passes through the lever V₁, and is supported
thereby. The upper end of x is fitted with a push head r¹ and between the said
head and the lever V₁, a spring is inserted, so that the block X is held clear of
the wheel M, even when the lever V₁ is depressed, but is free to move when
required, independently of said lever. The same character may thus be printed in
succession as many times as required. If desired, the block may be attached to a
pivoted lever, which, when depressed, causes the block to, engage the disc, and prevent
any movement of the type wheel. The pivoted lever would be held out of engagement
with the brake wheel by means of a spring.
The ink is preferably carried on one or more small rollers Y carried on spindles y
secured to a hinged or pivoted lever y¹, which is preferably carried on the standard B¹.
When the machine is in use, the type wheel is constantly rotating, and the ink roller Y
is therefore brought into contact successively with each of the type. The weight of
the roller keeps it on the face of the type wheel, but if two or more inking rollers are
provided at the sides, they may be held against the surface of the type by means of a
spring.
It must be distinctly understood that I do not limit myself to the exact details of
the apparatus herein described, as the same may be modified without materially
altering the nature of the invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :-
1. A type-writing machine in which the type are arranged on the periphery of a
type wheel, having a tendency to revolve under the action of a constant source of
power but prevented from revolving (except when a type key or its equivalent is
depressed) by the pressure of a block on a brake wheel, substantially as shown and
described.
2. In a type writer having a power driven type wheel, the means employed for
arresting the motion of the type wheel when any required type corresponding to a
depressed type key is in position for printing, namely, a series of discs mounted on
the type wheel shaft, one disc to each transverse row of keys, each disc carrying one
or more projecting pins or teeth which engage with a stop plate (common to every
key in the row, but actuated independently by any of them) the pins being in the
same relative angular position to each other as the corresponding type on the type
wheel, and their radial position being so arranged with reference to the travel of the
type keys and their stop plate, that the latter can only engage that particular pin
which corresponds to the type represented by the depressed key, substantially as shown
and described.

page_text: 3. In a type writer having the movement of its type wheel shaft governed by pins
or projections such as k carried by discs thereon, a key frame such as H on which the
keys are arranged in transverse parallel rows, each row being mounted above and
resting upon a pivoted lever such as J carrying a stop plate as j¹, and each key in a
row having a shoulder or stop, such as g, so located with reference to the key frame
that each key in the said row, when depressed, causes the stop plate to move into a
different position, and to engage its own particular pin on the disc below it,
substantially as shown and described.
4. In a type writer, the combination of a sliding key frame such as H, carrying the
pivoted levers J with their stop plates and capable of being readily adjusted
longitudinally in two or more given positions, with two or more series of discs, such
as K', K2, K³ having projecting pins such as k, whereby with one set of keys, levers,
and stop plates the machine is enabled to print two or more sets of characters,
substantially as shown, and described.
5. In a type writer having a spring driven type wheel, the combination with the
driving spring thereof, of a winding device and ratchet wheel as F2, f³, attached to
the spring spindle, and a pawl as engaging said ratchet wheel, by means of
which the said spring may be re-wound from time to time as its force becomes
expended.
6. In a type writer having a series of parallel pivoted levers, such as J, an oscillating
frame as P, O, P, 04, 0³, carrying a bar such as P, located below the outer ends of
the said levers, and provided with two arms, such as 02, 0%, one connected with the
brake block referred to in claim 1. herein, and the other with a hinged bed, such as S,
supporting the paper carrying roller, and with a letter spacing lever such as t³ whereby
the said lever bed and brake block are actuated alike by the depression of any one of
the said levers J, irrespective of its position in the key frame, substantially as shown
and described.
7. In a type writer, the combination with a type wheel such as C (having a fixed
axis), and a hinged bed such as S supporting the paper carrying roller, of a spring
pivoted arın such as S¹, through the medium of which the said bed is actuated on the
depression of a key, and whereby the constant travel of the bed is adjusted to the
variable movements of the keys, and excessive pressure of the type on the paper
prevented, substantially as described and shown.
8. In a type writer, the means employed (and herein set forth) for spacing the
letters, namely a toothed rack such as T sliding in bearings in the hinged bed S, and
engaging in one direction only a pawl such as t² mounted on the frame R¹ of the
paper carrying roller, the said rack being provided with a pin such as t¹ or its equivalent,
which is engaged by an inclined finger such as to, or its equivalent attached to a
spring pivoted lever, such as t³, which is oscillated at each upward movement of the
bed S, so as to impart to the rack (and consequently to the paper carrying roller) a
longitudinal movement equal to the space required for one letter or symbol, the said
rack being moved into its original position on the return movement of the bed, by a
spring or its equivalent, substantially as shown and described.
9. In a type writer, the means employed (and herein set forth) for spacing the words,
namely, a spring spacing key such as V, which, when depressed carries with it the
aforementioned sloping finger to or its equivalent, and causes it to engage the
pint or its equivalent on the rack T, thus moving the latter (and with it the frame
of the paper carrying roller) through the required distance, substantially as shown
and described.
10. The means whereby a letter or its equivalent may be repeated without a corre-
sponding revolution of the type wheel, and a consequent expenditure of spring power,
namely, a second brake block such as X, capable of holding the brake wheel when
required, independently of the action of the brake L, the said block X being spring
mounted above the brake wheel, but held normally out of contact therewith,
substantially as shown and described.

page_text: 11. In a type writer, the combination with the paper carrying roller of a semi-
circular clip as ³, partly surrounding the said roller, being attached to a hinged bar
such as, and provided on its upper surface with a longitudinal slot, whereby the
paper can be readily adjusted in position for printing, and securely held therein,
while at the same time the portion of the paper to be printed upon is fully exposed to
view, substantially as shown and described.