IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING AIR
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Ivory, of the City and County of Edinburgh,
North Britain, Advocate, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR HEATING AIR."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Ivory at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st October 1880.
THOMAS IVORY, of the City and County of Edinburgh, North Britain, Advocate.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING AIR."
This Invention is connected with that class of air heating stoves wherein by
means of projections from the external surface of which the air external to the said
stoves is heated for the purpose of warming, drying, or ventilation; and it consists
in arranging above the burning fuel, which may be of any non-smoking, or com-
paratively non smoking, description, solid, liquid, or gaseous, a large number of
separate metal rods, having one or both ends in contact with the external air, and
the remaining portion in contact with the products of combustion of the fuel
employed. Instead of using solid bars or rods tubes may be employed, but in this
case it is necessary that both the ends be in contact with the external air, the
object being to obtain within the least space the maximum extent of effective
heating surface.
This Invention is also applicable to the heating of air by means of hot water or
steam, the hot water or steam taking the place of the products of combustion of
the fuel.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Thomas Ivory in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 31st
March 1881.
THOMAS IVORY, of the City and County of Edinburgh, North Britain, Advocate.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING AIR."
My said Invention is connected with that class of air heating stoves wherein by
means of projections from their internal surface the air external to the said stoves
is heated for the purposes of warming, drying, or ventilating; and my said Invention
consists in arranging above the burning fuel (which may be of any description,
solid, liquid, or gaseous, such as gives off no smoke, or but little smoke), a large number
of separate metal bars or rods, having one end or both ends in contact with the
external air, and the remaining portion in contact with the products of combustion
of the fuel employed. Instead of using solid bars or rods tubes may be employed,
but in this case it is necessary that both the ends be in contact with the external
air, the object being to obtain within the least space the maximum extent of
effective heating surface.
And in order that my said Invention may be properly understood I now proceed
more particularly to set forth the system, mode, or manner in or under which the
same is or may be used or practically carried into effect, reference being had to the
accompanying Drawings and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to
say-
Figure 1 represents in vertical section, Figure 2 in side elevation, and Figure 3
in plan, an apparatus constructed or arranged according to my Invention. A repre-
sents the chimney, flue, shaft, or passage through which the products of combustion
from the fuel pass. Carried in holes in this chimney are rods b, their ends being
in contact with the external air, and their mid portions being situated in the said
chimney, flue, shaft, or passage A, and receiving the heat from the products of
combustion passing therethrough. Figure 4 represents in vertical section a
modification in which tubes or hollow rods c are used in place of solid bars or rods.
These tubes or hollow bars c and the chimney, flue, shaft, or passage A which carries
them are preferably placed at an angle, as shewn, so that the air to be heated may
have a tendency to pass in a continuous current through the said tubes, as indicated
by the arrows. Figure 5 represents in front elevation, and Figure 6 in vertical
section on the line 1, 2, Figure 5, an apparatus wherein some of the rods or bars
(or it may be tubes), are arranged to give heat by radiation. These rods or bars
are marked, and are continued throughout their whole length within the
chimney, shaft, or passage A, which is open at one side opposite where these rods,
bars, or tubes x are situated, so that the heat taken up by these rods, bars, or
tubes will be given out by radiation through the said open part of the said
chimney, shaft, or passage. The heating medium may be of any non smoking, or
comparatively non smoking, kind of solid, liquid, or gaseous fuel, such, for example,
as coke, or gas burnt at a Bunsen burner or at a number of Bunsen burners situated
beneath the lower end or opening of the chimney, flue, shaft, or passage A, so that
the top of the flame comes to about the level of the undermost rod, bar, or tube.
Instead of heating the rods, bars, or tubes directly by the products of combustion
they may be heated indirectly by being passed through a vessel containing hot
water or steam. Although in the Drawing I have shewn the chimney, flue, shaft,
or passage A as of a rectangular figure, yet it may be of any other suitable figure,
and other portions of the rods, bars, or tubes b, c, than those shewn may be
respectively in contact with the heating medium and exposed to the external air.
The said rods or bars and tubes may be round, square, or of any other shape in
transverse section, and they may be arranged in other order than that shewn.

page_text: The apparatus may be enclosed in an outer casing or casings around the portion
or portions of the rods or tubes exposed to the external air, and these outer casings
may be provided with lids, and in the case of the inclined arrangement, Figure 4,
the said casings will be or may be correspondingly inclined.
It will be understood that my Invention may be applied generally for heating,
or warming, drying, and ventilating, by so placing the rods, or bars, or tubes as
that one portion or portions will be heated by products of combustion, or by hot
water, or steam, or other heating agent, the other portion or portions giving off the
heat thus taken up and heating the air of the place into which they project.
I intend to call the apparatus constructed according to my Invention the
"Lilliput air heater."
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the system, mode, or manner in or under which the same is or
may be used or practically carried into effect, I would observe in conclusion, that
what I consider to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention
secured to me by the hereinbefore in part recited Letters Patent is,-
The apparatus for heating air wherein rods, bars, or tubes are arranged so that a
portion or portions thereof receive heat from a heating agent, and another portion,
or other portions, give off the heat thus received for the purpose of heating the air
in contact with them, essentially as herein before described with reference to the
accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Ivory, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty ninth day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
THOMAS IVORY.
(L.S.)