IMPROVEMENTS IN BRICKS AND OTHER ARTIFICIAL BUILDING BLOCKS
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Immy, of Southampton Buildings, in the County
of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN BRICKS AND OTHER
ARTIFICIAL BUILDING BLOCKS." A communication from abroad by William
James Ashworth and Paul Wassilievitch Patrikeieff, both of Moscow, Russia.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Imray at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd May 1878.
JOHN IMRAY, of Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex. "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN BRICKS AND OTHER ARTIFICIAL BUILDING BLOCKS." [A communi-
cation from abroad by William James Ashworth and Paul Wassilievitch Patrikeieff,
both of Moscow, Russia.]
This Invention relates to the moulding of bricks and other artificial building
blocks in such forms that those of each course of a building firmly lock into those
of the next course, whereby the structure resulting from the use of a given quantity
of material is greatly strengthened, or the quantity of material required for certain
strength of structure is considerably reduced, mortar or cement being likewise
economised. A brick being usually made of such proportions that the total breadth
of two laid side by side is equivalent to the length of one, each such brick or
artificial building block is, according to this Invention, formed with two hollows on
the one face corresponding with two projections on the opposite face, these hollows
and projections being symmetrically disposed so that whether one course of bricks
be laid over another course, brick exactly over brick, or whether those of the one
course extend half way over those of the other, forming longitudinal bond, or
whether those of the one course lie across those of the other, forming cross bond,
the projections of the one course enter into the hollows of the other, thus pre-
venting the one course from shifting horizontally along the other.
The projections and hollows may be of various forms, as truncated pyramids, on
square, rectangular or polygonal bases, with straight or rounded faces, or truncated

page_text: cones, or they may be spherical or spheroidal segments, or rectangular or polygonal
prisms or cylinders, with the angles rounded off or moulded.
The bricks or blocks may also be made in half lengths with one projection and
hollow, or in lengths one and a half times the usual length with three projections
and hollows, or double the usual length with four projections and hollows.
It is also convenient for certain kinds of building and bonding to provide bricks
or blocks with a portion, such as one-quarter of the usual length, added on at
one end.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said John Imray in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 7th November
1878.
JOHN IMRAY, of Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex. "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN BRICKS AND OTHER ARTIFICIAL BUILDING BLOCKS." A communi-
cation from abroad by William James Ashworth and Paul Wassilievitch Patrikeieff,
both of Moscow, Russia.
This Invention relates to the moulding of bricks and other artificial building
blocks in such forms that those of each course of a building firmly lock into those
of the next course, whereby the structure resulting from the use of a given quantity
of material is greatly strengthened, or the quantity of material required for certain
strength of structure is considerably reduced, mortar or cement being likewise.
economised. A brick being usually made of such proportions that the total breadth
of two laid side by side is equivalent to the length of one, each such brick or
artificial building block is, according to this Invention, formed with two hollows on
the one face corresponding with two projections on the opposite face, these hollows
and projections being symmetrically disposed, so that whether one course of bricks
be laid over another course, brick exactly over brick, or whether those of the one
course extend half way over those of the other, forming longitudinal bond, or
whether those of the one course lie across those of the other, forming cross bond,
the projections of the one course enter into the hollows of the other, thus pre-
venting the one course from shifting horizontally along the other.
The projections and hollows may be of various forms, as truncated pyramids on
square, rectangular, or polygonal bases, with straight or rounded faces, or truncated
cones, or they may be spherical or spheroidal segments, or rectangular or polygonal
prisms or cylinders, with the angles rounded off or moulded.
The bricks or blocks may also be made in half lengths with one projection and
hollow, or in lengths one and a half times the usual length with three projections
and hollows, or double the usual length with four projections and hollows.
It is also convenient for certain kinds of building and bonding to provide bricks.
or blocks with a portion, such as one-quarter of the usual length, added on at
one end.

page_text: DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figs. 1, 2, and 3 represent respectively a side view, plan, and longitudinal section
of a brick made with projections and hollows for interlocking according to this
Invention, the said projections and hollows being made in the form of truncated
pyramids having square bases.
Fig. 4 is a longitudinal section, and Fig. 5 a plan of such a brick having a length
equal to that of a brick and a half, and Fig. 6 is a longitudinal section, and Fig. 7
a plan of a similar brick having the length of two bricks. These bricks may have
plain pieces one-quarter the length of a brick addod at one end, as indicated by the
dotted lines A. in Figs. 1 to 7, and their width may have added to it a plain
piece half the width of the brick, as indicated by the dotted lines B in Figs. 2, 5,
and 7, and also in Figs. 8 and 9, which represent respectively an end view and a
transverse section.
The projections and hollows may be of various forms, some of which are illus-
trated in the Drawings; for example, they may have square bases, as shown in the
elevation, Fig. 10, and plan, Fig. 11, with their odgos chamfered as in Fig. 12,
rounded as in Figs. 13 and 14, 15 and 16, or hollowed as in Figs. 17 and 18, 19
and 20; or they may have polygonal bases as in Figs. 21 and 22, with the edges
chamfered as in Figs. 23 and 24, or rounded as in Figs. 25 and 26, 27 and 28, 29
and 30, or hollowed as in Figs. 31 and 32, 33 and 34; or the base may be circular
as in Fig. 35, presenting the segment of a sphere as in Fig. 36, or the frustrum of a
cone as in Figs. 37 and 38, or a short cylindrical piece with its edge rounded off as
in Figs. 39 and 40, or chamfered as in Fig. 41, or hollowed as in Figs. 42 and 43,
and in Fig. 44.
Having thus described the nature of this Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, as communicated to me by my foreign correspondents, I
claim the manufacture of bricks and other artificial building blocks with pro-
jections and corresponding hollows on their opposite sides, so arranged that the
successive courses interlock with one another, substantially as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Imray, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Ninth day of October, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and seventy-eight.
TALTAT TUD AW