Improvements in Pleasure Railways.
Year: 1890

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Pleasure Railways.
I, HERMANN BORMANN, a subject of the Emperor of Germany, but now residing
at 2207 Sharswood Street in the City of Philadelphia, in the County of Philadelphia
and State of Pennsylvania, United States of America, Mechanical Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of my invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN PLEASURE
RAILWAYS, and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statements:-
My improvements in pleasure railways relate to the construction, arrangement and
disposition of the courses over which cars and coaches travel either singly or
connected together in train; and it also has relation to mechanism for propelling the
cars or coaches over the entire course or over portions thereof with an easy gliding
motion.
The principal objects of my invention are first, to afford the patrons of such
pleasure railways the excitement of a merry-go-round and the exhilaration of a
sliding hill; second, to afford a longer and more diversified ride from the starting
point over the course to the starting point again than has heretofore been obtained in
pleasure railways occupying an equal amount of space; third, to provide simple and
efficient traction mechanism for propelling the cars and coaches from the starting
point to the summit of the course with a gliding motion and without shock or jar;
and fourth, to provide cars or coaches with gripping devices for engaging or dis-
engaging the traction mechanism either automatically or otherwise.
My invention consists of the improvements in pleasure railways illustrated in the
accompanying drawings and hereinafter described, among which improvements the
following may be particularly pointed out.
First, a pleasure railway composed of two or more spiral courses arranged to
permit of cars or coaches being propelled in upward directions over and around two
intertwined spirals winding in the same direction around a common vertical axis and
permitted then to descend over and around end spirals combined therewith, or the
cars or coaches elevated by power over and around one of two similarly disposed
spirals and then permitted to descend over and around the opposite spiral.
Second, a pleasure railway composed of two spirals, of different diameters arranged
one within the other and adapted to permit of cars or coaches being elevated by
suitable power over one of the courses to the summit thereof and the said cars or
coaches then allowed to descend over the other of said courses by gravity or other-
wise to the starting point for another trip.
Third, a pleasure railway composed of two intertwined spiral courses connecting at
their respective summits and bases with end spiral courses connected together by
tangential courses, and arranged to permit of cars or coaches being propelled upward
over the intertwined spirals and then allowed to descend by gravity over the spiral
and tangential courses to the starting point for another trip, as is hereinafter more
fully described.
Fourth, the invention further consists of the construction and arrangement of
mechanism for controlling the ascending and descending movements of the cars and
coaches.
The nature and characteristic features of the invention will be more fully under-
stood from the following description taken in connection with the accompanying
drawings forming part hereof; and in which
Figure 1 is an elevation of a continuous course formed with two end spiral courses
with two middle intertwined spirals winding in the same direction around a
common vertical axis and also means for transmitting motion to the cars or coaches
11.

page_text: Fig. 2 is a top or plan view showing the tracks or rails of the course and in dotted
lines the railings to protect persons promenading over the structure.
Fig. 3 is an elevation of a continuous course formed of two similarly disposed
spirals, and also showing the means for propelling the cars or coaches over and
around one of said spirals of the course.
Fig. 4 is a top or plan view of fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is an elevation of a continuous course formed of two spirals of different
diameters arranged one within the other and also showing the means for propelling
the cars or coaches over and around one of said spirals of the course.
Fig. 6 is a top or plan view of fig. 5.
Fig. 7 is a transverse sectional view of the super-structure showing one portion of
a spiral course and the columns and beams or rafters for supporting the structure over
which the cars or ccaches are propelled and permitted to traverse by gravity or
otherwise.
Fig. 8 is a top or plan view of fig. 7.
Fig. 9 is an end elevation partly in section of a car mounted on wheels and
provided on the under-side thereof with a rack and also showing the rails of a course
such as illustrated in figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 and the safety or guard rolls
having a hood surrounding the upper portion thereof and a pinion or spur-wheel
meshing with said rack.
Fig. 10 is a side elevation of the safety or guard rolls.
Fig. 11 is a side elevation of two cars or coaches coupled together and provided on
the underside thereof with a rack adapted to permit of a spur-wheel meshing
therewith.
Fig. 12 is a plan view from the underside of a car or coach, the platform of which
is shown in dotted lines and also showing the axles and ends thereof disposed at an
angle to each other and the rack with which meshes a spur-wheel or pinion.
Fig. 13 is an elevation of a portion of two cars showing another form of rack and
the manner of securing the same to the cars or coaches.
Fig. 14 is an end view showing the manner of attaching the rack to the cars or
coaches.
Fig. 15 is a plan view from the underside of the car or coach shown in fig. 12,
with the platform shown in dotted lines and with a chain or link form of rack for
the spur-wheel to engage with for propelling the cars or coaches.
Fig. 16 is an end view partly in section of a modified form of car travelling upon
one track and supported in a vertical position by guide rolls engaging with a
depending beam or rail.
Fig. 17 is an elevation of a car or coach showing the central frame for carrying
the guide rolls.
Fig. 18 is an elevation of a continuous course formed with two intertwined spirals
connecting at the respective summits and bases thereof by straight or longitudinal
undulating courses with end spirals, and having the end spirals joined together by
undulating tangential straight courses.
Fig. 19 is a top or plan view of fig. 18, showing the tracks or rails of the course,
and in dotted lines the cable for elevating the cars and coaches upward, around and
over the intertwined spiral courses of the structure.
Fig. 20 is a diagrammatic view in elevation illustrating the arrangement of the
cable for elevating the cars and coaches over the intertwined spiral course.
Fig. 21 is a diagrammatic view in plan of fig. 20 showing the cable, sheaves,
motive-power and mechanism for propelling the cable.
Fig. 22 is an elevation of a car or coach adapted to traverse the courses and also
showing a cam-rod for automatically disengaging the cable.
Fig. 23 is an elevation of a car or coach such as illustrated in fig. 22 and having
the central portion thereof removed to expose to view the gripping device which is
suitably applied thereto.
Fig. 24 is a plan view of fig. 23, showing the mechanism for automatically
actuating the grip.

page_text: Fig. 25 is an elevation of the platform of a car or coach having a modihed form of
automatic grip applied thereto and also showing means for preventing the cars from
descending the course or taking a retrograde movement.
Fig. 26 is a plan view of fig. 25 showing in the detail the arrangement of the
gripping device and the guide-rolls secured to the sides of the car.
Fig. 27 is a side elevation of the platform of a car or coach showing the braking-
devices of a car or coach; and
Fig. 28 is an end elevation thereof.
The course of the structure may be supported upon trestle or frame-work resting
upon the ground (fig. 7) or it may be secured to the sides or walls and roof of a
building. The number and arrangement of the spirals constituting the course
depends upon the amount of space available for the purpose. The arrangement
and construction of the similarly disposed end spirals having combined therewith two
intertwined spirals winding in the same direction around a common vertical axis
shown in figs. 1 and 2, are for structures where ample space is available for such
railway courses. The similarly disposed end spirals having combined therewith, the
two intertwined middle spirals winding in the same direction around a
vertical axis, and the similarly disposed spiral courses of figs. 3 and 4 afford not only
long course, but also an exceedingly compact structure for such pleasure railroads.
The intertwined spiral courses arranged within one another as shown in figs. 5 and 6,
are especially adapted for buildings or other somewhat similar places where the space
available for such structures is comparatively limited, but of course the structure may
be very materially enlarged or extended both vertically and longitudinally as space
may permit.
2
cominon
The course illustrated in figs. 18 and 19 and consisting of two intertwined spiral
courses connecting at their respective summits and bases with end spiral courses by
tangential courses and the end spirals connected by straight tangential courses, affords
a longer and more diversified ride than any of the above described pleasure railway
structures.
In the accompanying drawings A, are the spiral sinuous or straight courses.
Referring now to my invention as illustrated in figs. 1 to 17 inclusive, in which
one or more spur-wheels or pinions a, is or are located at a convenient point or points
in the course A, preferably at the summit and which revolve in suitable bearings
secured to the frame-work. a is a pulley adapted to impart motion to said spur-
wheels or pinions. a is a pulley keyed to a shaft driven by a steam-engine or other
source of motion, not shown. a is a belt adapted to transmit motion from one pulley
to another, and a (figs. 1 and 2) is a counter-shaft provided with three tight
pulleys as, a and a.
B (figs. 7 and 8) is the frame or trestle-work consisting of columns, rafters and
beams for supporting the structure or railway course. bare railings arranged around
the edges of the course and (fig. 2) is a railing for separating the promenaders
from the riders. 62, is a foot-way for the accommodation of persons either waiting for
an opportunity to ride or watching the participants in the sport as they pass around
the course or courses.
Referring now especially to figs. 2, 4, 6, 7, 8 and 9, 63 are the rails laid upon the
course in any preferred manner and in two parallel rows extending entirely over the
course or courses.
The cars or coaches C, travel over the rails 63 of the entire course A. Each car C
is provided with a main platform e', having the extremities thereof cut away as shown
in dotted lines in figs. 12 and 15, to permit a train composed of such cars or coaches
coupled together to be propelled over and to traverse the curved portions of the
course. The sides of the platforms c¹, extend laterally beyond the rails 6, for a
purpose to be presently described. The seats c, for the accommodation of the
passengers are secured to the platforms c', in any suitable manner but preferably
arranged transversely to each car or coach. A rack c³, is secured to the underside of
each car or coach and journal boxes e, are attached to the underside of the platforms.
These journal boxes e, are arranged radially with reference to the centre of the spiral

page_text: of the course and support the axles c. The wheels c, adapted to run on the rails 6³,
are carried by the axles, and may be keyed or otherwise secured thereto, but I
prefer to mount one of the wheels loosely upon the axle c, in order to avoid their
binding or slipping on the tracks in the passage of the cars or coaches over the short
straight portions of the courses. The radial position of the axles prevents the wheels
from binding upon the rails when the cars are traversing the curved or spiral portions
of the courses.
The draw-heads or links c', for coupling the cars or coaches together are secured to
the respective extremities of the cars in any preferred manner.
The rack consists of a strip d, of wood secured to the underside of each car or
ccach and to which depending metal strips 8, are bolted to each side thereof. The
teeth of the rack may consist of the transverse bolts or stays c', secured at the
respective ends thereof to the metal strips 8, as shown in figs. 9, 11, 12, 16 and 17.
A modified form of rack is illustrated in figs. 13, 14 and 15, in which the ends of the
depending strips, are flanged by preference inwardly in order to furnish a support
for au endless chain composed of long links and of which the connecting bolts c³, form
the teeth of the rack. This chain is secured to the underside of the platforms of the
cars by one or more links provided with projections which terminate in bolts c10,
whereby the car C, is held in the manner illustrated for instance in figs. 13, 14
and 15.
;
Referring now to figs. 16 and 17, for a description of another form of my invention
in which the rails 63, in a continuous line are laid upon the course in a single sinuous
direction and the angle iron or depending rail is secured to the frame-work of the
superstructure vertically above the single rail 3; the wheels, revolve in bearings
secured to the lower portion of the frame 12, and are adapted to traverse the con-
tinuous single line of rails 3. The similarly disposed rolls c¹³, run in bearings secured
to the upper portion of the central frame c, and embrace the depending rail c, and
thereby maintain the frame e, in a vertical position. This central frame c¹³, is free
to traverse the entire course by means of the wheels thereof, without binding or
slipping upon the rails. The platform of a car or coach C, is secured to the vertical
frame e, and is held in proper position by means of the braces c¹¹.
The supports D, secured to the superstructure are located adjacent to and on
both sides of the spur-wheel «. The safety or guard rolls d, are journalled to said
supports and engage with the lateral extensions of the platforms c¹ in order to
overcome the tendency of the spur-wheel a, to lift the cars from the track and
also any tendency of the teeth of the spur-wheel to fail in their engagement with
the teeth of the rack 3. The hoods d', are either secured to the supports D, or
to the floor of the superstructure and surround the upper portion of the rolls d,
in order to protect the passengers riding upon the cars or coaches from injury.
Moreover, the lateral extensions of the platforms serve as foot-ways for a guard or
conductor to walk upon or along to collect fares from passengers desiring to ride
⚫over the course.
The mode of operation of the pleasure railway hereinbefore described and illus-
trated in figs. 1 to 17 inclusive is as follows:-
The cars C, are coupled together by means of the draw-heads or links c, or by
means of the chain-rack as illustrated in figs. 13, 14 and 15, and form a continuous
train extending over the entire course. The chain c secured to the underside of
the respective cars or coaches and forming an endless rack is arranged so as to permit
a spur-wheel a, revolved by suitable motive-power to mesh therewith. The steam-
engine or other prime-mover, is started by the attendani-in-charge and motion is
transmitted to the spur-wheel a, by means of the belts a³, or in any other preferred
mauner. The rotation of the spur-wheel engaging with the rack propels the latter
onward and causes the entire train of cars to traverse the sinuous spiral courses, for
example, in the direction of the arrows, with a smooth and gliding motion. The train
of cars may be stopped to take on or let off passengers either by stopping the prime
mover or by shifting the driving belt onto an idle pulley.
It will be obvious that by providing a motor car one or more of the passenger

page_text: coaches may be drawn upwards from the starting point to the summit of one of the
courses and be then perimitted to return again to the starting point or points by
gravity. In such an instance the spur-wheel and the rack provided underneath the
cars or coaches could be omitted.
Referring now to my invention as illustrated in figs. 18 to 28 inclusive, A. is a
continuous course consisting of two intertwined spirals winding in the present
instance, in the same direction around a common vertical axis and connected with
spiral courses located on opposite sides of said intertwined spirals and with undulating
straight courses which are in connection with the respective bases and summits of
the spiral courses. The undulating straight courses connecting the end spiral courses.
are preferably arranged tangential thereto as illustrated in figs. 18 and 19. ³, are
L-shaped rails or angle-irons laid upon the course in any suitable manner and in two-
parallel rows which extend entirely over the course or courses, and also forming side-
and switch tracks * fig. 19. B (figs. 7 and 22) are portions of the frame or trestle-.
work composed of columns, beams and joists for supporting the structure or railway
course or courses. c, is a vertical bearing-plate secured to the course and located,
adjacent to the tracks upon the outside of the curves for preventing the cars C, from
leaving the rails. e, (figs. 19, 20 and 21) are sheaves mounted upon vertical axes
and located between the rails of the intertwined spiral courses. el is an endless cable-
supported by the sheaves e. E is an engine or other prime-mover adapted to drive-
the drums and e³ by means of the train of gears connected therewith. The cable e,
after passing over the sheaves e, passes over the pulleys, and around the drums e
and e, so that when the engine is in operation the cable e', is driven in the direction
indicated by the arrows in figs. 19, 20 and 21 and may be employed for elevating
the cars and coaches from the base to the summit of one of the courses.
The cars or coaches C, travel over the rails 3, of the entire course A, in the direction
indicated by the arrows in fig. 19. However, it is obvious that instead of the cars
being caused to traverse the entire course they may be propelled up one of the inter--
twined spirals and then be permitted to descend partially over one of the end spirals
to and along one of the straight courses and finally over a portion of the other end
spiral to a point diametrically opposite to the starting point, while at the same time
other cars are propelled up the other of the interwined spirals and permitted to descend
in a similar manner over the other end spiral. In either case the sensation of
ascending one of the intertwined spirals and descending precipitously by gravity
around one or more turns of the end spiral and then traversing the tangential undu-
lating longitudinal portion of the course and finally cycling one or more times around
the other end spiral and back again to the starting point is not only novel, but very
popular. Moreover, the cars winding up and down the spirals and coasting rapidly
along the straight or longitudinal portions of the respective courses present a pleasing
and amusing spectacle to those watching the sport.
Each car C, is provided with a main platform el having guide-rolls 16, secured to
the sides thereof, for engaging with the rail 1, in order to prevent the cars from.
leaving the tracks while traversing the curved portions of the courses. The seats c², for
the accommodation of the passengers are secured to the platforms c', in any preferred.
manner, and these platforms are mounted on wheels c, adapted to run on the L-shaped
rails One of these wheels is preferably arranged so as to run loosely upon the
axle e in order to avoid the binding and slipping of the wheels upon the track when
the car or coach is traversing the curved portions of the course. Referring now to-
figs. 22, 23, and 24 for a description of the gripping-device: g, is a plate provided
with a jaw and with a lug g pivotally attached to the underside of the platform c¹,
of the cars., is a bar pivotally attached to the lug g, at one extremity and provided
at the other extremity with a roller ', for a purpose to be presently described. is
a jaw pivotally connected with the bar h, at or near the centre and having lugs h*,
engaging with slots in the bar h, for preventing the jaw 2, from being out of position.
s is a spiral spring interposed between the plate g, and bar h, for preventing the latter
from contacting with the course A. i are bearings secured to the upper side of the

page_text: platform c, and adapted for the reception of the shafts and 12. The shaft i, is
provided with a hand-wheel ³, located at the side of the car for rotating it and with
a drum 4, and ratchet-wheel ³. The pawl i, having a depending finger, normally
engages with the ratchet-wheel, and is keyed or otherwise secured to the shaft 2.
3, is a pulley pivotally attached to the plate g. is a cord or chain passing over the
pulley, and secured at one end to the bar h, and at the other end to the drum it.
10 is a cam-rod secured to the course between the rails 63, and adapted to engage
with the roller 7. is a vertically projecting lug secured to the course A, and
adapted to raise the pawl 1, out of engagement with the ratchet-wheel is, by engaging
the depending finger i.
The mode of operation of the above described gripping device is as follows:-
The cable e¹, is inserted between the jaws gland h², and said jaws drawn tightly
together so as to firmly grip the cable by the rotation of the shaft, by means of
the hand-wheel 13. This rotation of the shaft i, winds the cord, upon the drum i*,
and thus draws the bar 7, upward thereby causing the jaws g and 2, to grip the
cable. The drum, is prevented from accidentally unwinding and releasing the grip by
the pawli, which engages normally with the ratchet-wheel. The grip may be released
by raising the pawl, but in practice it is more convenient to automatically release
it and this result is accomplished by means of the vertical lug, and cam-rod 10,
in the following manner. The depending finger i, contacting with the lug i", raises
the pawl, and permits the drum 2, to revolve freely, whereupon the cam-rod ¿10,
engaging the roller (fig. 23) depresses the bar h, and releases the cable. It will
be readily understood that the releasing-devices 10 and ", may be located at any
point of the course but they are usually located at the summits of the intertwined
spiral courses so that after the cars or coaches have been propelled from the base of
the courses to the summits thereof, they are automatically released and permitted to
descend by gravity to the starting points.
In figs. 25 and 26 are illustrated a modified form of grip which is adapted to be
automatically engaged with and to become disengaged from the cable.
The construction and operation of such a grip is the same as above described with
the following exceptions, that the shaft, is provided with a spur-wheel k, meshing
with another spur-wheel mounted on the shaft ³, and said spur-wheels adapted to
revolve in the direction indicated by the arrows. The hand-wheel 3, is dispensed.
with and a depending arm k², is keyed to the shaft ³. Use is made of an eye k
surrounding the bar 7, instead of a spring s, for preventing the bar h, from contacting
with the ground. The roller 7, and cam-rod are dispensed with and the grip is
- released by causing the depending finger, to contact with and travel along a
cam-rod, instead of simply contacting with a vertical lug 1. are vertical lugs
secured to the course A, and adapted to contact with the depending arm 2. In
starting the car is pushed along the track for a short distance by the attendant in
charge or in any preferred manner so that the arm 2 contacts with the lug k, which
rotates the spur-wheels and ¹, and the drum is, thus causing the jaws 2 and g¹, to
grip the cable.
1, are levers provided with weights and supported at or near the centre thereof
in bearings 12, located between the tracks. 13 are depending straps or yokes secured
to the underside of the courses and passing around the lever 1, in order to prevent
the latter from assuming a vertical position. In use these levers are preferably
located upon the intertwined spiral courses and while serving to permit the cars or
coaches to pass freely by them in one direction prevent the cars or coaches from
passing by them in the opposite direction, as will be readily understood by reference
to the drawings. m (figs. 27 and 28) are bearings located preferably at or near the
terminal points of the courses. m', are levers pivotally attached to said bearings.
s', are spiral springs secured to the levers m. m² are stops for maintaining the
levers m, normally in a horizontal position. m³, are shoes attached to the levers m
-for-engaging the wheels, of the cars. The shoes are bent or curved upward at one
extremity and downward at the opposite extremity in order that the wheels of the

page_text: In operation
cars or coaches may readily pass under and be retained beneath them.
he wheels of a car or coach advancing in the direction indicated by the arrow in
ig. 27 passing under the shoes m³, and overcoming the resistance of the springs s¹,
are gradually brought to rest.
The mode of operation of the pleasure railway hereinbefore described and as
llustrated in figs. 18 to 28 inclusive is as follows:-
The engine or prime-mover E, is started by the attendant-in-charge, whereupon
the cable e', is positively driven in the direction indicated by the arrows in figs. 19,
20 and 21. One of the cars C, after being loaded with passengers is attached to the
cable e', either by rotating the hand-wheel 3, or automatically as illustrated in
figs. 25 and 26. The car or coach is then propelled by the cable around one of the
intertwined spiral courses from the base to the summit thereof. Upon arriving at
the summit of the spiral, the car is automatically disengaged from the cable and
permitted to descend by gravity over one of the straight tangential courses, a half
turn of one of the end spirals, one of the straight or longitudinal undulating courses,
and one or more cycles of the other end spiral to a point diametrically opposite the
starting point, where the car or coach may be stopped either by the braking devices
illustrated in figs. 27 and 28 or in any other suitable manner and the passengers
allowed to alight and others permitted to take their places. In both cases the car
is again attached to the cable and drawn up to the summit of the other intertwined
spiral course, whereupon it is detached from the cable and permitted to descend by
gravity over the other straight tangential course, one half turn of the end spiral, the
other of the straight or longitudinal courses, and one or more cycles of the other end
spiral to the side track *.
It will be understood that the cars run upon the side tracks 6', with considerable
velocity and in order to stop them gradually and without shock or jar one or more of
the braking devices illustrated in figs. 27 and 28, are located at convenient points
adjacent to the side track.
After the cars have been brought to rest and after the passengers have alighted the
former are returned to the main track by means of a switch for another trip.
Although the invention has been described separately with reference to the certain.
figures of the drawings, still it is obvious that the apparatus illustrated in figs. 20
to 28 inclusive, may be employed in connection with courses of the type illustrated
in figs. 1 to 6 inclusive, or that the apparatus illustrated in figs. 9 to 17 inclusive,
may be employed in connection with courses of the character illustrated in figs. 18
and 19, and also that modifications may be made in the details thereof, without
departing from the spirit of the invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what 1.
claim is:-
1. A pleasure railway as herein shown and described for the purposes set forth..
2. A pleasure railway consisting of two intertwined spirals winding in the same
direction around a common vertical axis and connected with end spiral courses and
adapted to permit of cars or coaches being propelled to ascend over the same and to
then descend over the course, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
3. A pleasure railway consisting of two intertwined spiral courses winding in the
same direction around a vertical axis and having connected therewith end spirals
adapted to permit of cars or coaches being elevated over the courses and of then
descending by gravity to the point or points of beginning, substantially as and for the
purposes set forth.
4. The combination with a pleasure railway consisting of two adjacent spiral
courses compassing two or more entire cycles around their centres and rails mounted
thereon, of cars or coaches provided with a rack, a spur-wheel or pinion meshing
therewith and means for imparting motion thereto, substantially as and for the
purposes set forth.

page_text: 5. The combination with a pleasure railway consisting of two spiral courses
disposed adjacent to one another and compassing two or more entire cycles around
their respective centres, of cars or coaches provided with devices for permitting of
their elevation over one of said spiral courses and adapted to permit of the descent of
the cars or coaches over the other of said courses, substantially as and for the purposes
set forth.
6. The combination with a sinuous pleasure railway provided with rails, of cars or
coaches provided with a rack, trucks provided with wheels adapted to said rails,
guard-rolls engaging with said cars or coaches, a spur-wheel meshing with said rack
and means for imparting motion to said spur-wheel, substantially as and for the
purposes set forth.
7. The combination with a pleasure railway provided with rails and guard-rolls, of
cars or coaches provided with a rack, a pinion and means for actuating the same,
substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
8. The combination with a pleasure railway composed of two intertwined and end
spiral courses provided with top and bottom rails, of cars or coaches provided with
wheels engaging with said rails, and means for propelling said cars or coaches,
substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
9. The combination with a pleasure railway, of cars or coaches provided with a
rack and trucks provided with wheels adapted to travel over said rails, a spur-wheel,
means for actuating the same and guard-rolls contacting with the platforms of said
cars or coaches, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
10. The herein described pleasure railway consisting of two spirals of different
diameters arranged and winding one within the other, substantially as shown and
.described.
11. The herein described pleasure railway consisting of two spiral courses of
different diameters arranged one within the other, in combination with a car or coach,
a cable, and means for actuating said cable and thereby elevating said car or
coach to the summit of one of said spiral courses, substantially as shown and
described.
12. The herein described pleasure railway consisting of two spiral courses, in com-
.bination with cars or coaches and means for causing the same to travel over said
courses, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
13. The herein described pleasure railway consisting of two spirals arranged one
within the other and having platforms provided with L-shaped rails, in combination
with cars, or coaches having wheels adapted to said rails and means for propelling said
cars and coaches, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
14. In a pleasure railway, the combination of a positively driven cable; a car or
coach, having a plate pivotally secured thereto and provided with a stationary jaw, a
bar pivotally connected with said plate and having a jaw and a spring interposed
between said plate and bar, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
:
15. In a pleasure railway, the combination of a positively driven cable, a car or
coach having a plate pivotally connected therewith, a stationary jaw, a bar connected
with said plate and provided with a jaw, a spring interposed between said plate and
bar and a stationary rod adapted to engage said bar, substantially as and for the
purposes set forth.
16. A pleasure railway consisting of two intertwined spiral courses connecting at
their summits and bases with end spirals by tangential courses and said end spirals
connected with one another by straight or longitudinal undulating courses, substantially
as and for the purposes set forth.
17. A pleasure railway consisting of two intertwined spiral courses connecting at
their summits and bases with end spirals by tangential courses and longitudinal
undulating courses connected with said end spirals and adapted to permit of cars or
-coaches being propelled over the intertwined spiral courses, and of desconding by
gravity over the end spiral, tangential and longitudinal undulating courses to the
starting point, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

page_text: 18. The combination with a pleasure railway consisting of two intertwined spiral
courses winding in the same direction around a common vertical axis and connecting
at their summits and bases with end spiral courses by tangential undulating courses
and said end spirals connected with one another by longitudinal undulating
courses, of a car or coach, a cable and prime-mover therefor, and means connected
with said car or coach for gripping the cable, substantially as shown and
described.
19. The combination with a pleasure railway consisting of two intertwined spiral
courses winding in the same direction and connecting at their summits and bases
with longitudinal undulating courses with end spiral ones, of a car or coach provided
with a gripping device, a cable and prime-mover, and means for preventing the car or
coach jumping the tracks, substantially as described.
20. The combination with a pleasure railway of a car or coach provided with a
gripping-device, a cable and prime-mover and means as described for preventing the
car or coach from leaving the track, substantially as described.
21. The combination with a pleasure railway consisting of two intertwined spiral
courses connecting at their summits and bases with end spirals by tangential undulating
courses, of a car or coach provided with a gripping-device, a cable, steam engine and
means for preventing retrograde movement of the car or coach, substantially as
described.
22. The combination of a pleasure railway consisting of two intertwined spiral
courses connecting at their summits and bases with and spirals by tangential longi-
tudinal courses and the said end spirals connected with one another by longitudinal
undulating courses, a car or coach provided with an automatic gripping device, a
cable and prime-mover, and automatic devices for preventing retrograde movement
of the car or coach in its passage over the course, substantially as described.
23. The combination with a pleasure railway consisting of two intertwined spiral
courses connecting at their suminits and bases with end spirals by tangential longi-
tudinal undulating courses and the said end spirals connected directly with one
another, of a car or coach provided with gripping mechanisin, a cable, prime-mover
and means connected with said car to prevent the wheels thereof binding or contacting
with the flanges of the rails of the courses, substantially as described.
24. The combination with a pleasure railway consisting of two intertwined spiral
courses connecting at their summits and bases with end spirals by tangential longi-
tudinal undulating courses and said end spiral courses connected with one another, of
a car or coach provided with an automatic gripping device, a cable, prime-mover
and means for stopping the car at the terminus of the trip, substantially as shown
and described.
25. The combination with a pleasure railway consisting of two intertwined spiral
courses connecting at their summits and bases with end spirals by longitudinal
undulating courses and end undulating spirals connected with one another by longi-
tudinal undulating courses, of a car or coach provided with a gripping device, a cable
and prime-mover, means for preventing the car binding against the rails of the
courses and devices for preventing the retrograde movement of the car or coach.
substantially as described.
2. The combination with a pleasure railway consisting of two intertwined spiral
courses connecting at their suminits and bases by tangential longitudinal undulating
courses and with end spirals and the said end spirals connected with one another by
straight courses, of a car or coach provided with a gripping device, a prime-mover, a
cable and mechanism for actuating the same and devices for stopping the car at the
terminus of a course, substantially as described.
27. The combination with a pleasure railway, of a car or coach provided with an
automatic gripping device, a prime mover, a cable, mechanism for actuating the same
and devices for stopping said car or coach at the terminus of the course, substantially
as shown and described.
28. The combination; with a pleasure railway, of a car or coach, a cable, prime-
B

page_text: mover, means for preventing retrograde movement of said car or coach and automatic
devices for stopping the car or coach at the terminus of the course, substantially as
described.
Dated at Philadelphia. Pa this 15th day of Mov A n 1800
HERMANN BORMANN.
W. P: Thompson & Boult,
Agents for the Applicant.