IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR GRANU- A communication LATING, CRUSHING, AND TREATING WHEAT AND BRAN
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Augustus Bryant Childs, of No. 70, Fenchurch Street,
London, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR GRANU-
A communication
LATING, CRUSHING, AND TREATING WHEAT AND BRAN."
from abroad by Friedrich Wegmann, of Zurich, Switzerland.
Sealed the 2nd August 1878, and dated the 9th February 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Augustus Bryant Childs at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th February 1878.
" IMPROVE-
AUGUSTUS BRYANT CHILDS, of No. 70, Fenchurch Street, London.
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR GRANULATING, CRUSHING, AND TREATING WHEAT
AND BRAN." A communication from abroad by Friedrich Wegmann, of Zurich,
Switzerland.
A portion of the first part of my improvement relates to the use or combination
of grooved or smooth porcelain rolls, and grooved or smooth segments of the same
material, between which the grain or substance being treated is passed; also parts
of mechanism connected therewith for crushing or granulating wheat and other
grains and treating bran, and is supplementary to my improvement for similar
purposes, patented 6th March 1874, No. 823, and 25th November 1876, No. 4571.
The rolls and segmental pieces are composed of porcelain provided with the proper
quantity of silica to give them the required durability, hardness, and in the mean-
time prevent colouring the meal in the process of treating it; in this respect the
material is the same as the rolls in my Patents of 1874 and 1876 herein-before
mentioned.
The rolls are made about 10 inches long and 8 inches in diameter, more or less,
to suit requirements, and the segment is made to cover about one-quarter of the
circumference of the rolls, more or less; their surfaces are provided with rectilinear
or diagonal grooves or edges of the proper cutting form and depth, or their surfaces
may be left smooth to suit the various treatment of wheat or granulated wheat or
other grain and brans, as regards to its size and toughness, which is determined by
experience. One, two, or more sets of rolls may be made to work in the same frame,

page_text: by preference composed of metal of a suitable form and size to receive other parts
of the machine. The porcelain rolls revolve in bearings provided with suitable
automatic lubricators.
The grooved porcelain segments are so connected to the main frame of the
machine above the top of the rolls and to one side, that, by means of a system of
adjusting levers and screwed rods, their grooved or smooth surfaces may be universally
adjusted to or apart from each other, that is to say, if it is required to have-the
back edges of the segment closer or further from the roll than the front edge it can
be so placed by means of the adjusting mechanism, and likewise the front edge of
the segment or its whole surface may be adjusted an equal distance from the rolls
to suit the required treatment of the grain, or one end of the segment may be placed
closer to the roll than the other, thus making the porcelain segment capable of
receiving a universal adjustment to the roll.
.
The wheat or substance being treated is placed in a hopper or hoppers on the top
of the machine and over the rolls, and fed to the granulating rolls and segments by
any known system of feed rolls worked by belts and gearing and adjustable gates
or slides capable of uniformity, distributing the material to the machine, or through
the medium of a shaking hoppers or by any other known modes of feeding devices
capable of giving a uniform supply and regulating the quantity; each set of rolls
are supplied with an independent feeding apparatus.
The granulated wheat or grain is discharged from the bottom of the machine and
automatically conducted to a sifting machine to prepare it for regranulating, a process
forming the second part of my improvement, herein-after described.
I am aware that rolls and segments made of metal and other substances have
been used for similar purposes in treating grain, but not supplied with means for
universally adjusting their working surfaces together in the manner herein-before
stated, therefore I consider rolls and segments made of metal, stone, and other
suitable known substances, and when provided with means for universally adjusting
their working surfaces together, come within the scope of my improvement, as
herein-before described.
The other or second part of my improvement is, combining and so arranging a
series of machines with my improved granulating roll or crushing mill in such a
manner that the various processes to which the grain, meal, bran, or. other material
is subjected to is done automatically, so that it is not required to handle or rehandle
any of the grain or material by manual labor after being placed in the first machine
forming the combination until it is completed for use as different qualities of flour
and bran.
The following is a description of this part of my improvement :-As before stated,
the granulated wheat, meal, or grain is automatically conducted from the roll mill
to a sifting machine, and the products are again passed through the granulating
machine; this process of regranulating and sifting is ordinarilly repeated three
times, but for hard or tough grain the regrinding and sifting processes may require
to be extended or repeating which will be determined by the judgment of the miller;
in all cases, when the process is continuous, a sufficient number of machines are
employed in the combination to complete the treatment of the grain or material
in any separate or part of the process, or, if desired, the combination of the machines
may be so arranged that only a portion of them may be used at a time, but being
made automatic in handling the material.
The next operation is the use of the same or a similar granulating machine,
excepting the surfaces of the rolls and segments, are provided with finer grooves,
or they may be used smooth for re-treating the residuum of the foregoing operation
for separating the particles of starch or flour left on the skin of the wheat or bran
with the least possible injury to the bran, so as not to discolor the flour grained or
separated therefrom in the operation. This process may be adapted to any of the
present milling systems when the bran is not perfectly cleaned from floury particles
which insures a greater yield, in most cases from 5 to 7 per cent. The products of
this operation is again re-sifted and re-treated by the same or a similar machine.

page_text: The course middlings produced are subjected to purifying by any of the known
means, consisting of sieves, blast, or exhaust machines used for that purpose and
automatically arranged.
The next operation is to subject the products of the purifying process to the
crushing action of porcelain rolls of smooth surface, as patented by me in 1874 and
1876, herein-before mentioned; the use of the machines in this process depends
on the nature of the grain being treated and the quality of the flour desired to
produce. The products of the crushing process are then bolted in the usual
manner, and the finer middlings produced by all the foregoing processes are again
subjected to a purifying action as before described, and afterwards crushed and
reduced to flour by the porcelain rolls. A continuation of this process is repeated
until all the flour is separated from the bran and consequently the largest possible
yield is obtained. I wish it understood that in the automatic process of handling
grain or substance, herein-before described, that I use the smooth crushing porcelain
rolls patented by me in 1874 and 1876 in the combination of the machines for that
purpose, and also the granulating roll mill forming the first part of this improve-
ment, and I consider the use of either one of the porcelain roll mills patented by.
me, herein-before mentioned, or the segment mill forming the first part of this
improvement, or all of them, comes within the scope of the second part of my
improvement for automatically handling the grain or material being treated in the
manner herein-before described by a combination of machines.
I am also aware the automatic process of handling grain is old when used in
connection with the common machines for grinding, for instance, mill stones and
corrugated or grooved metal rolls, but not when used in connection or combination
with porcelain rolls and segments containing the proper quantity of selica so as not
to colour the flour and in the meantime give the required hardness for wearing and
crushing purposes, as before described.
By the use of porcelain rolls about half of 'the power is saved usually required
for grinding wheat; it also reduces the lower quality of the flour to about one half.
All the flour made by this system of crushing with porcelain rolls and treatment
retains its original chemical quality as contained in the grain or wheat, no heat
being necessarily produced during the grinding or crushing action, and con-
sequently another important advantage gained by this is the flour retains all
its superior baking qualities. And by the automatic arrangement of the whole
system, which is accomplished with more ease and less expense, owing to the small
quantity of material being treated at any one time and the adaptibility and com-
bination of the machines for the various purposes used, which also results in a large
saving of skilled hand labor, with better or more reliable results in the quality
and quantity of the products.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Augustus Bryant Childs in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
8th August 1878.
"
AUGUSTUS BRYANT CHILDS, of No. 70, Fenchurch Street, London. IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR GRANULATING, CRUSHING, AND TREATING WHEAT
AND BRAN." A communication from abroad by Friedrich Wegmann, of Zurich,
Switzerland
A portion of the first part of my improvement relates to the use or combination
of grooved or smooth porcelain rollers and grooved or smooth segments or concaves
of the same material, between which the grain or substance being treated is passed;
also parts of mechanism connected therewith for crushing or granulating wheat and
other grains and treating bran, and is supplementary to my improvements for
similar purposes, Patented 6th March 1874, and No. 823, and 25th November 1876,
No. 4571. The rollers and segmental pieces are composed of porcelain provided.
with the proper quantity of silica to give them the required hardness, durability,
and in the meantime prevent colouring the meal in the process of treating it; in this
respect the roller material is the same as-the rollers in my Patents of 1874 and 1876
herein-before mentioned.
י
The rollers are made about ten inches long and eight inches in diameter, more or
less, to suit requirements, and the segments are made to cover about one quarter of
the circumference of the rollers, more or less; their surfaces are provided with recti-
linear or diagonal grooves or edges of the proper cutting form and depth, or their
surfaces may be left smooth to suit the various treatment of wheat or granulated
wheat or other grain and brans, as regards its size and toughness, which is
determined by experience. One, two, or more sets of rollers may be made to work
in the same frame, by preference composed of metal of a suitable form and size to
receive other parts of the machine. The porcelain rollers revolve in bearings pro-
vided with suitable automatic lubricators.
The grooved porcelain segments are so connected to the main frame of the.
machine above the top of the rollers and to one side, that, by means of a system of
adjusting levers and screwed rods, their grooved or smooth surfaces may be univer-
sally adjusted to or apart from each other, that is to say, if it is required to have
the back edge of the segment closer or further from the roller than the front edge it
can be so placed by means of the adjusting mechanism, and likewise the front edge
of the segments or its whole surface may be adjusted an equal distance from the
rollers to suit the required treatment of the grain, or one end of the segment may
be placed closer to the roller than the other, thus making the porcelain segment
capable of receiving a universal adjustment to the roller.
The wheat or substance being treated is placed in a hopper or hoppers on the
top of the machine and over the rollers, and fed to the granulating rollers and
segments by any known system of feed rollers worked by belts and gearing, and
adjustable gates or slides capable of uniformily distributing the material to the
machine, or through the medium of a shaking hopper, or by any other known
modes of feeding devices capable of giving a uniform supply, and regulating the
quantity; each set of rollers are supplied with an independent apparatus.
The granulated wheat or grain is discharged from the bottom of the machine and
automatically conducted to a sifting machine to prepare it for regranulating, a
process forming the second part of my improvement herein-after described.
I am aware that rollers and segments made of metal and other substances have
been used for similar purposes in treating grain, but not supplied with means for
universally adjusting their working surfaces together in the manner herein-before
stated; therefore I consider rollers and segments made of metal, stone, or other
suitable known substances, and when provided with means for universally adjusting
their working surfaces together, conie within the scope of my improvement as
herein-before described.

page_text: The accompanying Drawings, Sheet 1 and 2, represent my improved porcelain
granulating roller and segment mill.
Fig. 1 shows a side elevation; Fig. 2, Sheet 2, shows a front elevation, and Fig.
3, a top view of the machine showing the hopper removed.
Similar letters of reference refer to corresponding parts of the machine.
The machine as represented is composed of two parts, the upper part embraces
the receiving hopper and feeding arrangement, and the lower part contains the
porcelain granulating rollers and segments, and means for adjusting the segments to
the rollers.
The main frame pieces A, A, of the machine for receiving the porcelain rollers and
segments and the adjusting mechanism is held together by cast iron connecting
pieces and wrought iron screwed bolts and nuts, as represented by the Drawings, or
any other convenient mode of connecting the frame pieces together may be used.
a is the receiving hopper divided into two parts by an inner partition; each part
is provided with a feeding outlet and regulating slides e, e, the outlets are above
and leading to the feeding rollers b and c; the slides e are adjusted for regulating
the quantity of material to the feed roller by the adjusting screws e, e, as represented
in Figs. 1 and 2. The feeding rollers b and c receive motion by a belt worked from
the pulley g on the end of the roller shaft, the belt transmits motion to the inter-
mediate pinions or gearing represented by dotted lines and spears in Fig. 1, which
are geared into wheels attached to the end of the feed rollers. I prefer this feeding
arrangement for its efficiency and simplicity but do not confine myself to the use of
it as other arrangements can be made to answer the purpose.
The porcelain granulating rollers m, m, are made in the form of cylinders or
shells about twelve inches long and nine inches in diameter, more or less, as may be
required; they are fastened to metal shafts and revolve in bearings 1, 1, attached to
the main frame a', the bearings are provided with any good known form of
automatic lubricators. The porcelain rollers m, m, are properly adjusted on the
shaft between the bearings, and by preference are fastened to the shafts by disc or
plates of cast or wrought metal, or other suitable material, fitted to both ends of the
shaft, and pressed together against the ends of the porcelain roller shells by three or
more screw bolts passing through the plates and between the shaft and inside of the
roller. I insert between the disc and ends of the roller shells thin layers of paper,
or similar material, to insure a good fit between the disc and roller ends when
screwed together.
The rollers are truly turned by black diamonds or other suitable tools, and after-
wards their surfaces are provided with grooves or cutting edges of the required
number and fineness to perform the granulating or grinding operation intended for
them to do. n, n, Fig. 1, represent porcelain segments fitted in suitable cast-iron
bearings or supports. The segments are turned or bored to the same diameter of
the porcelain rollers, and their concave surfaces are grooved similar to the roller as
regards the number and fineness of the grooves; or if the rollers are used smooth
the segments are left smooth. However in some cases it may be found that certain
material can be treated to advantage by using rough roller surface with smooth
segment surface, or smooth roller surface with rough segment surface.
The segments are usually made to cover about one quarter, more or less, of the
circumference of the roller, and are made movable by adjusting mechanism herein-
after described, so that either the upper or lower edges of the segment may be set
nearer or further from the rollers without moving the other edge, or if required the
whole segment surface may be set at an even distance from the roller.
The following relates to means for adjusting the porcelain segments n to the
rollers m; an iron pin o is attached to the lower side of the cast-iron segment
bearing at each end of the segment and fits into the lever p, see Fig. 1; the lever >>
is supported at the point q. The upper part of the cast-iron segment bearing hangs
on two fingers or projecting pieces attached to the shaft r, so when the screw t is
turned upwards the finger of lever S turning around the shaft moves the lever p
sideways, and thereby causes the lower edge or side of the porcelain segment to

page_text: approach the roller. The adjustment of the top edge of the segment is obtained in a
similar manner; the lever wis fixed on the shaft r carried by bearings attached to
the upper standards a', the two fingers fixed on the shaft are suitably fixed into
the upper part of the cast-iron segment bearings, and according as the screw t¹ may
be turned the lever wacts by the medium of the shaft r on the two fingers, and the
upper edge of the porcelain segment is thereby made to recede or approach the roller.
I consider this double-acting adjustment of the lower and upper edges of the
segments one of the most important features of my machine, as the granulating
process of grain when properly done requires the lower edge of the segment as a
rule to be nearer the roller than the top edge for reducing the grain or material. I
do not confine myself to the exact means or arrangement of parts, as above
described, for the double or independently adjusting of the upper and lower edges
of the segments to the rollers; other known mechanical arrangements of parts may
be made to effect the same purpose, which I consider would be embraced in the
scope of my improvement, namely, universally adjusting the segment to the roller
in the manner and for the purposes berein-before described.
Each side of the machine is provided with any suitable pointer indicator for
showing the distance of the upper and lower edges of the segment from the rollers.
V is a wooden casing for the reception of the meal and granulated wheat from
the roller, and for confining the dust the tops of the rollers are likewise encased for
confining the dust; a² is a pulley keyed on the roller shaft, through which motion
is imparted to the whole machine by means of a belt; a gear wheel fis attached to
the other end of this roller shaft and gears into another wheel of equal diameter
attached to the other roller for imparting motion to it, the direction of the motion
on the pulley roller and other moving parts of the machine is denoted by spears
marked thereon.
As before stated, I am aware that the granulating of wheat and other grain and
matter has been done by rollers made of metal and other material (except
porcelain or china) to which I make no claim, but I claim the use of porcelain rollers
provided with grooves or cutting edges, and the combination of porcelain rollers
with porcelain segments with or without grooves for the advantages of being a hard
material. It may be used for a long time without any perceptible wear, and by using
the combination of rollers and segments I have found a considerable saving of power
in reducing grain into bran middlings and flour, and I find that the percentage of
middlings gained in this way is higher than by any other means used at the present
time, the middlings being larger and more pure and less intermingled with bran
particles, the bran is larger and cleaner and the flour of a higher quality and better
color.
The other or second part of my improvement is combining and so arranging a
series of machines with my improved granulating roller or crushing mill in such a
manner that the various processes to which the grain, meal, bran, or other material
is subjected to is done automatically, so that it is not required to handle or rehandle
any of the grain or material by manual labour after being placed in the first machine,
forming the combination, until it is completed for use as different qualities of flour
and bran.
The following is a description of this part of my improvement :-As before stated
the granulated wheat meal or grain is automatically conducted from the roller mill
to a sifting machine, and the products are again passed through the granulating
machine; this process of regranulating and sifting is ordinarily repeated three tinies,
but for hard or tough grain the regrinding and sifting process may require
extending or repeating, which will be determined by the judgement of the miller in
all cases.
When the process is continuous a sufficient number of machines are
employed in the combination to complete the treatment of the grain or material in
any separate part of the process; or if desired the combination of the machines may
be so arranged that only a portion of them may be used at a time, but being made
automatic in handling the material.
The next operation is the use of the same or a similar granulating machine,

page_text: except the surfaces of the rollers and segments are provided with finer grooves,
or they may be used smooth for re-treating the residuum of the foregoing operation
for separating the particles of starch or flour left on the skin of the wheat or bran
with the least possible injury to the bran, so as not to discolor the flour gained or
separated therefrom in the operation. This process may be adapted to any of the
present milling systems when the bran is not perfectly cleaned from floury particles,
which insures a greater yield, in most cases from five to seven per cent.
The
products of this operation is again re-sifted and re-treated by the saine or a similar
machine. The coarse middlings produced are subjected to purifying by any of the
known means consisting of sieve, blast, or exhaust inachines used for that purpose,
and automatically arranged.
The next operation is to subject the products of the purifying process to the
crushing action of porcelain rollers of smooth surface, as patented by me in 1874
and 1876, herein-before mentioned; the use of the machines in this process depends
on the nature of the grain being treated and the quality of the flour desired to
produce. The products of this crushing process are then bolted in the usual manner,
and the finer middlings produced by all the foregoing processes are again subjected
to a purifying action, as before described, and afterwards crushed and reduced to
flour by the porcelain rollers. A continuation of this process is repeated until all
the flour is separated from the bran, and consequently the largest possible yield
obtained.
I wish it understood that in the automatic process of handling grain or substance
herein-before described that I use the smooth crushing porcelain rollers patented by
me in 1874 and 1876 in the combination of the machines, and also the granulating.
roller mill and segments, forming the first part of this improvement, and I consider
the use of either one of the porcelain roller mills patented by me, as herein-before men-
tioned, or the mill forming the first part of this improvement, or all of them, comes
within the scope of the second part of my improvement for automatically handling
the grain or material being treated in the manner herein-before described by a com-
bination of machines.
I am also aware the automatic process of handling grain is old when used in
connection with the common machines for grinding; for instance, millstones and
corrugated or grooved metal rollers, but not when used in connection or combina-
tion with porcelain rollers containing the proper quantity of silica so as not to color
the flour, and in the meantime give the required hardness for wearing and crushing
purposes as before described.
:
By the use of porcelain rollers about half of the power is saved usually required
for grinding wheat; it also reduces the lower quality of flour to about one half.
All the flour made by this system of crushing with porcelain rollers and treatment
retains its original chemical quality as contained in the grain or wheat, no heat
being necessarily produced during the grinding or crushing action, and consequently
another important advantage gained by this is, the flour retains all its superior
baking qualities; and by the automatic arrangement of the whole system, which is
accomplished with more ease and less expense, owing to the small quantity of
material that may be treated at any one time, and the adaptibility and combina-
tions of the machines for the various purposes used, which also results in a large
saving of skilled hand labour with better and more reliable results in the quality and
quantity of the products.
For illustrating and more fully understanding the combined arrangements of
machines, herein-before mentioned, for automatically handling the material, I have
made a diagram, Sheet 3, showing the travel or direction of the granulated wheat
and other material takes in passing from machine to machine for going through the
automatic treatment. The kind of machine and their relative positions in the
combination are denoted on the diagram by writing the name of the particular.
machine or machines used for treating the material as it automatically passes
through any particular part of the process preparatory to making finished flour and
other products.

page_text: Commencing at the top of the diagram with cleaned wheat, which is first passed
through the improved granulating porcelain porcelain roller mills herein-before
described, furnished with segments or concaves, the products of the first granulation
is passed through separating reels, from which finished flour, coarse and fine middlings
are produced, and the broken wheat No. 1 from the separating reel is again passed
through a blast or exhaust machine and again subjected to a second action by the
granulating rollers mill; the products of this is again a second time passed through
separating reels, which produces finished flour, coarse and fine middlings, and
broken or granulated wheat, which broken wheat is again put through a blast or
exhaust machine the second time preparatory for re-granulating it the third time.
By the diagram it is shown the broken wheat is passed through the granulating roller
mill and separating reels four times, which granulating operation may be extended
if required for increasing the quality and quantity of product. Some kind of grain
may require an extension of the granulating process to five, six, or more times, while
other grain may be treated to advantage by passing it through the granulating
mills but two or three times; this in practice will be determined by the miller.
The surface of the granulating roller mills and segments will be changed or
adjusted to suit each separate granulation of the broken wheat, and the surfaces of
each granulating roller mills and its segment are provided with coarse and fine
grooves or cutting edges, or made smooth, as the case may require, to granulate the
broken wheat at any particular stage of the automatic operation.
I use any known separating reels, blast or exhaust machines, purifiers, porcelain
rollers, mills, with or without differential motion, and bolting reels in combination
with my improved granulating porcelain roller and segment mill herein-before
described.
The dotted lines A on the diagram show the passage of the coarse middlings
from each operation of the granulating rollers to where they are acted on by the
coarse middlings separating reels, and the dotted lines B show the passage of the
fine middlings to where they are acted on by the fine middlings separater
reels.
It is shown on the diagram that the coarse middlings A. are passed through
coarse middlings separating reels, purifiers, and coarse middlings porcelain roller
mills with the roller surfaces working at equal speed, and then through bolting
reels, which produce finished flour, fine middlings, and tailings. The fine
middlings B are passed through fine middlings separator reels, purifiers, and fine
middlings porcelain rollers mills with the roller surfaces working at different speeds,
and then through bolting reels, thereby producing finished flour, fine middlings, and
tailings, as denoted on the diagram.
The tailings produced by the foregoing treatment of the coarse and fine mid-
dlings and finally passed through a porcelain roller mill with differential speed,
and then through bolting reels, which produces finished flour, and what is known
in the trade as finished thirds; and the fine middlings produced by the treatment
of the coarse and fine middlings, as before described, is finally passed through a
porcelain roller mill with differential speed, and then through bolting reels, which
produces finished flour, or what is known to the trade as finished sharps.
The remaining broken wheat and bran. which comes from the separating reel
after being acted on the fourth time by the granulating rollers is subjected to a
blast or exhaust machine and then passed through bran regrinding rollers and
separating reels, which produces finished bran flour, thirds, small bran, and finished
large bran.
These last operations are denoted on the lefts side of the diagram.
When mill buildings are especially constructed to receive any combined arrange-
ment of machinery for treating grain I prefer making such mill houses several
stories high to suit the number of machines employed in the arrangement and the
quantity of material to be treated, and to commence the automatic operation with
the clean wheat in or from the top part of the building, so that when the material
is acted on by the different machines or processes it passes or falls from machine to
machine, and thereby save the expense and power for re-elevating it after the process

page_text: is first commenced; however, sometimes my arrangements of machinery may have
to be placed in mill buildings not suitable for the purpose of working the improve-
ment to the best advantage. In such cases it may be required to re-elevate the
material being treated, during the process of treating, for passing it through the
various processes. In such cases any known form of elevators may be used and
worked by the ordinary mechanism in combination with the machine forming my
process, so that the whole arrangement of machines, including elevators, may be
worked in such a manner as to automatically handle the material from its first
treating by the granulating rollers until it is delivered as finished products of
various qualities and kinds without the aid and expense of any manual labour.
My improvement is capable of being made to treat any desired quantity of grain
within a given time by using a greater or less number of machines for each part of
the process forming the whole combination, and the combination of machines may
be made so that any part or number of the machines forming the combination
instead of the whole may be used if desired for treating any particular kind of
grain, yet such portions of the combinations of the machines when used instead of
the whole combination are so arranged as to automatically handle the grain or
material, for the advantages before mentioned.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention and the manner in which
the same is or may be constructed and used, what I consider to be novel and
original and claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before in part
recited Letters Patent is,-
1st. The use of porcelain or china rollers grooved on their surfaces for the
purpose of granulating wheat, grain, seed, and all kinds of organic and inorganic
substances, in the manner and for the purposes herein-before mentioned.
2nd. The use of porcelain rollers with grooved or smooth surfaces in combination
with porcelain segments with grooved or smooth surfaces, for the purposes herein-
before described.
3rd. The means for universally adjusting the surfaces of rollers and segments
together when made of porcelain or china, or when the rollers and segments are
made of any other known material, by which adjusting means the lower and upper
edges of the segments can be set at equal or varying distances from the surface of
the roller, as herein-before described.
4th. The general arrangement and construction of the machine as represented,
provided with means for universally adjusting the segments to the rollers, as before
described, in combination with rollers and segments made of metal or any other
known suitable material for granulating or grinding wheat, grain, seed, or other
matter, as herein-before mentioned.
5th. The porcelain granulating roller and segment mills constructed and used, as
herein-before described, in combination with any known kind of separating reels,
blast or exhaust machines, purifiers, porcelain roller mills, with or without differ-
ential speed of roller and bolting reels for automatically handling and granulating
or grinding wheat or other grain, and treating meal middlings and bran in the
manner and for the purposes herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Augustus Bryant Childs, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Seventh day of August, in the year of our Lord
1970
AUGUSTUS BRYANT CHILDS. (L.S.).