IMPROVEMENTS IN ENVELOPES OR WRAPPERS USED OR EMPLOYED IN EXTRACTING OIL FROM SEEDS
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frank Pickering, of 10, Napier Terrace, Hull, Millwright,
• William Swift, of 1, Elizabeth Road, Stoneferry, Blacksmith, and Sam Hunter,
of King's Mill, Stoneferry, Foreman, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
ENVELOPES OR WRAPPERS USED OR EMPLOYED IN EXTRACTING OIL FROM
SEEDS."
Sealed the 6th April 1877, and dated the 30th October 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frank Pickering, William
Swift, and Sam Hunter at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
30th October 1876.
FRANK PICKERING, of 10, Napier Terrace, Hull, Millwright, WILLIAM SWIFT, of
1, Elizabeth Road, Stoneferry, Blacksmith, and SAM HUNTER, of King's Mill, Stone-
ferry, Foreman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ENVELOPES OR WRAPPERS USED OR EMPLOYED
IN EXTRACTING OIL FROM SEEDS."
Our improvements consist in constructing envelopes or wrappers to be used or
employed in extracting oil from seeds by first covering the inner faces of the hinghed
or folding boards with twisted hair ropes, which may be externally covered, coated,
or bound with hemp or other suitable material; so as together to form a corrugated
surface upon the inner faces of the hinghed pair of boards; upon each of such
corrugated surfaces we apply a sheet of perforated or pierced tinned iron, zinc, or
other suitable metal, to form the faces of each pair of prepared boards, and between
which the material to be pressed is placed and introduced into the hydraulic or
other press.
The pair of boards, with these additions to the inner faces of each forming the
envelope or wrapper, are of the usual taper form in their length, being hinghed by
means of a leather backing at the broader end in the usual way.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Frank Pickering, William Swift, and Sam Hunter in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 28th April 1877.
FRANK PICKERING, of 10, Napier Terrace, Hull, Millwright, WILLIAM SWIFT, of
1, Elizabeth Road, Stoneferry, Blacksmith, and SAM HUNTER, of King's Mill, Stone-
ferry, Foreman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ENVELOPES OR WRAPPERS USED OR EMPLOYED
IN EXTRACTING OIL FROM SEEDS."
Our improvements consist in constructing envelopes or wrappers to be used or
employed in extracting oils from seeds by first covering the inner faces of the hinged
or folding boards with twisted hair ropes, which may be externally covered, coated,
or bound with hemp or other suitable material, so as together to form a corrugated
surface when laid upon the inner faces of the hinged pair of boards; and upon
each of such corrugated surfaces we apply a sheet of perforated or pierced tinned
iron, zinc, or other suitable metal to form the faces of each pair of prepared boards,
and between which the material to be pressed is placed and introduced into the
hydraulic or other press.
In some cases the combination of hair and hemp may be changed in relation to
each other.
The pair of boards, with these additions to the inner faces of each forming the
envelope or wrapper, are of the usual taper form in their length, being hinged by
means of a leather backing at the broader end in the usual way.
Longitudinally along either side, and forming an edging bounding each edge of
the corrugated surfaces, is a rope or strand of combined hemp and hair, within
the width of which the corrugated metal perforated sheating or surface is applied.
We prefer to construct the wooden backings by framing together transverse and
longitudinal pieces halved or notched horizontally into one another or scarved, so
that by means of the dovetail shoulder portion or portions on the longitudinal
central piece the transverse portions may be held, wedged, or keyed up to allow for
wear and straining, and by the avoidance of the use of bolts, either disposed trans-
versely or longitudinally through the wood backing, the liability of such backs to
split and become deteriorated by use is materially reduced. The longitudinal or
central strip or bar of wood holding or framing together the transverse portions of
the board by means of the shoulders or dovetail portion or portions thereof (of
which there may be several disposed along the length of such central strip or bar)
keying the whole together, and also admitting of the keying up or wedging and
adjustment from time to time. The longitudinal portion may be of about one-half
to one-third of the thickness of the transverse portions, and the latter may be fitted
on to or slid into their places by means of dovetail grooves or other modes of
joinery, forming a longitudinal tie or frame to the whole; and the same may be
further held by wooden pins as shown.
In the accompanying Sheet of Drawings A, Figure 1, shows the wooden boards
or backing, in which one of the modes of joining the parts of the same together
without the use of longitudinal or transverse bolts therethrough is shown; and one
of the modes which we prefer to employ of framing the backing together is also
shown, by which the two hinged portions of the envelope at its wider end are
connected together (by means of the leather hinge or strap); and the transverse
boards or wooden portions which form the length of the tapered envelope are
shown as being mounted upon the central longitudinal portion or bar (b), and the
end dovetail portion thereof (a) frames or combines the two portions of the hinged
leather strap together with the two tapered portions of the boards, to the inner
faces of which are affixed or attached to the ropes forming the corrugated surfaces,
which again in turn are surmounted by or have superimposed the corrugated per-
forated metallic plate.
The compound boardsforming the backs of the envelopes are made up of trans-
verse portions c, d, &c., whilst the longitudinal and central portion, which

page_text: extends nearly from one end to the other, has at the wider end a dovetail (a) which
retains the whole of the taper portion of the envelope in relation to the wider end
of the envelope to which the leather strap is connected, and frames the whole
together; the longitudinal portion being from to 3rd the thickness of the trans-
verse portions in which it is let in or takes, and the transverse portions are grooved.
or dovetailed, and so may be slid along or otherwise disposed when combining the
parts together; and they may be keyed up, dovetailed, or wedged by wooden
wedges, or secured by dowel pins, or otherwise suitably disposed or combined.
The longitudinal strain produced by pressing the seed is thus distributed over
the surface formed by the transverse taper boards mounted upon the central longi-
tudinal piece or bar, which, as before stated, at one end is dovetailed and framed to
or mounted upon the back or wider portion (c, c,), whilst d, d, &c., are mounted
upon, framed to, and carried thereby.
Figure 2 is an edge view of the wooden backing A, which would be surmounted
by the hair strands or edging longitudinally, and the ropes or strands of combined
hemp and hair forming the corrugated surface upon which the corrugated and per-
forated metal plate D is mounted.
Figure 3 shows to an enlarged scale the mode in which the cross or corrugated
ropes are formed to be applied between the boards and the metal plates; and
Figure 4 is, also to an enlarged scale, an external view of the edging or mode of
forming the surrounding for the taper boards or envelopes; the centre portion or
strand E of the edging may be of Manilla hemp or other material, whilst the
surrounding wrapping or binding (F) may be of hair, or vice versa.
Having now described the nature of our said Invention of "Improvements in
Envelopes or Wrappers used or employed in Extracting Oil from Seeds," and illus-
trated some of the modes in which we prefer to carry the same into effect, we wish
it to be understood that what we claim in connection therewith is, the combination
herein described of hemp and hair laid transversely in the form of strands or ropes
together with the longitudinal edging or binding of similar materials upon boards
or backings of envelopes constructed as described to form a corrugated surface upon
the inner faces thereof, together with the employment of corrugated metallic
perforated plates, all substantially in the manner and for the purposes herein
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frank Pickering, on behalf of myself, William
Swift, and Sam Hunter, have hereunto set my hand and affixed my seal,
this Twenty-fifth day of April, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and seventy-sowan
Witness,
GEORGE BOHN, C.E.,
Austrian Chambers,
Hull.
FRANK PICKERING. (L.S.)