matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Anthony Southby at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th September
1860.
I, ANTHONY SOUTHBY, of Bulford, in the County of Wilts, Doctor of
Medicine, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in the manufacture of paper relates to a
novel mode of treating plants in the green state, for the purpose of obtaining
from them fibres suitable for making paper. Various plants may be used for
the purpose, but, for the sake of economy in the manufacture, I prefer to use
such plants as will yield a juice that may be usefully employed; I take, for
instance, gorse or furze, or mallows, tares, and various leguminous plants, and
submit them while in the green state to heavy pressure, by passing the plants
between rollers, whereby the watery particles or juices of the plant will be
expressed. The fibres are then washed so long as water will dissolve any thing
out of them; they are then treated with lime water or milk of lime, and again
washed, after which the fibres are bleached with a solution of chloride of lime.
If thought advisable the fibres may be again washed in lime water, in order to
take up the free chlorine, and the caustic lime may be neutralized by passing
a stream of carbonic acid gas through the vat. The fibres will then be ready
to be converted into paper in the usual way.
The above mode of operating upon the woody fibres of green plants may be
used for operating upon the dry fibres of jute, gunny, and other analogous foreign

page_text: plants, the essence of the bleaching process consisting in gradually and gently
operating upon the fibres, instead of submitting them to the energetic and
powerful action of strong chemical bleaching agents.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF VELVET OR OTHER SIMILAR PILED FABRICS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Smith, at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th July
1860.
I, ALFRED SMITH, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Silk
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF VELVET OR OTHER SIMILAR PILED FABRICS,"
to be as follows:-
The improvements consist in the novel employment and use of five threads
to each "dent," three for the ground or back of the velvet, and two to form
the pile, and in so arranging the action of the "treddles," that each pick shall
form a series of loops made by the last pick, the loop to form a series of loops
made by the last pick, the loop to form the pile being raised every fourth pick
in contradistinction to forming a series of pile loops every third pick, and
raising the pile at the distances of every third pick; by means of which improve-
ments the pile is distributed over the surface of the fabric instead of being in
straight lines, thus causing the ground or fabric to be better covered, and also
a better class of velvet is produced with a less number of wires to cut out than
by the usual method.
IMPROVEMENTS IN METERS OR APPARATUS FOR MEASURING FLUIDS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Sim, at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th March
1860.
I, JAMES SIM, of the City and County of Aberdeen, North Britain,
Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN METERS OR APPARATUS FOR MEASURING FLUIDS,"
to be as follows, that is to say: -
This Invention relates to the arrangement and construction of meters of the
wet class, so as to obtain a correct measurement of the gaseous fluid, which is
passed through it irrespective of the height of the water in the meter, or
whether it is out of level.
Under one modification the measuring drum or cylinder is made with a
solid central disc through which the supporting spindle passes. The outer
part of the drum is formed of plates diverging angularly from the periphery of
the central disc, these recesses forming the measuring chambers. The inlet
pipe enters in the usual way parallel to the axis of the drum, and is then bent
upwards extending to the water line; the outlet pipe is arranged in the ordinary
manner at the upper part of the meter.
Another mode of arranging and constructing the measuring drum consists
in forming an air chamber at the centre of the drum in lieu of the solid
vertical diaphragm. This air chamber is a sealed horizontal cylinder and is of
sufficient capacity to float the measuring drum, and so cause it to turn upon

page_text: its axis with little or no friction. To the periphery of the central air chamber
are fastened the diverging plates, which form the triangular shaped measuring
chambers.
In fitting up meters for measuring gas it is preferred to divide the upper
part of the front box of the meter by means of a partition. In the upper com-
partment is placed a worm or helically bent tube, which communicates with
the outlet pipe. This worm or bent tube is for the purpose of causing the gas
as it passes away to the outlet to deposit the water, which it carries off in its
passage through the meter, and so prevent the flickering of the lights, which
arises from the moisture collecting in the bends of the service pipes. The
lower end of the worm tube passes through the partition in the front box, and
the gas after being measured passes into the front box through an opening
made for the purpose below the partition, and away by the helical tube. The
meter is supplied with water through an opening near the outlet pipe, the
water fills the compartment in which the worm is fitted and then passes down
the tube, which encloses the spindle of the index, and into the lower part of
the meter. The surplus water passes off by the inlet pipe at the
eye of the measuring drum and along a siphon bend to the outside of the
meter.
The whole or part of these modifications may be advantageously applied to
meters for measuring liquids as well as to the meters which are in ordinary
use for measuring gas.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN STEERING SHIPS AND OTHER VESSELS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Abbott at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th March
1860.
I, EDWARD ABBOTT, of 18, Manchester Street, Manchester Square, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "AN
IMPROVEMENT IN STEERING SHIPS AND OTHER VESSELS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object an improvement in steering ships and
other vessels; for this purpose the rudder is hung and caused to move on a
horizontal or nearly horizontal axis, in place of the pintles or axes heretofore
used. It is desirable that the blade of the rudder should not be wider than
the rudder post. The steering of a ship or vessel is effected by inclining the
lower part of the rudder beyond the rudder post, more or less, according to the
extent the rudder is for the time desired to act.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN PONTOONS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hermann Grundt at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition on the 16th August
1860.
I, HERMANN GRUNDT, of St. Louis, in the United States of America,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PONTOONS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of
pontoon suitable for military purposes, or for the transport of persons or goods
across rivers or sheets of water. This pontoon consists of a wooden vessel of
any form which will admit of its sides readily folding over on to the bottom,
and the bottom folding on to itself, so that the pontoon, when not in actual
use, is capable of being folded up into a small space easy for transport.
When required for use, the folded parts are opened out, and the water is
excluded from entering by strips of gutta percha, caoutchouc, or other suitable
water-tight packing medium being laid along the contiguous surfaces at the
joints, or by employing some similar contrivance, so that when opened out
the water will be effectually excluded.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HATS AND SIMILAR COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gustavus Palmer Harding at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st February 1860.
I, GUSTAVUS PALMER HARDING, of Belleville, Paris, in the Empire of
France, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HATS AND SIMILAR COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in the manufacture of hats and similar coverings for
the head from new fabrics woven from fibres of the aloe, jute, flax, India or
China grass, or analogous plants, either in combination or not with india-
rubber, gutta percha, shellac, or similar gums. For this manufacture the
fibres are employed in a coarse thready state, and without being subjected to
process for bringing the same into the state of yarn. The fibres in this state,
either alone, or in combination with finer materials such as silk, cotton, or
wool, are woven into sheets, and the parts of the hats or other similar coverings
are then either struck out of these sheets by blocking or by means of presses;
the india-rubber, gutta percha, or other similar gums may then be laid between
the sheets of this new fabric, or incorporated with it in any desired manner.
It is also proposed to manufacture bats from this material by means of circular
looms, somewhat similar in principle to those employed in the manufacture of
hosiery. These coverings are so made that they will allow the air to pass
freely through the texture, whilst at the same time they resist water and do
not lose their shape from the action of moisture.
action of moisture. The material is so woven

page_text: as to serve equally for lining as well as for the exterior, no other body fabric
being requisite. It is further proposed to weave these materials in the form of
bells or cones, whereby they may be made in one piece and shaped as in felt
hats by blocking and pressing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REVOLVING FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Georgo Sturrock at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th March
1860.
I, GEORGE STURROCK, of Chatham, in the County of Kent, Staff Serjeant in
the Royal Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN REVOLVING FIRE-ARMS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in constructing revolver pistols and guns with two
barrels, one barrel being situated above the other, and therefore at different
distances from the centre of the revolving charge cylinder, the said charge
cylinder being furnished with two concentric rows of charge chambers, corre-
sponding to the two barrels. I prefer to make use of a single striker formed
with a crank or bend in it, and connected by a screw with a comb or thumb-
piece, a half turn of which carries the striker from one position to another, so
that it may strike on the inner or outer series of nipples, as required. The
striker is fixed in each position by a thumb-screw. I employ a leaf sight for
the purpose of bringing the lower barrel to the same elevation as the upper
barrel for target practice. I prefer to form the revolving cylinder with seven
chambers in each row, but I do not limit myself to that number.
AN IMPROVED HAND-LIGHT OR PORTABLE GREENHOUSE TO BE USED FOR GROWING AND PROTECTING PLANTS; EITHER WITH OR WITHOUT ARTIFICIAL HEAT
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Taylor, of Nursling; near Southampton, in
the County of Hants, Gentleman, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED
HAND-LIGHT OR PORTABLE GREENHOUSE TO BE USED FOR GROWING AND
PROTECTING PLANTS; EITHER WITH OR WITHOUT ARTIFICIAL HEAT."
Sealed the 4th October 1860, and dated the 4th June 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Taylor at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
June 1860.
I, WILLIAM TAYLOR, of Nursling, near Southampton, in the County of
Hants, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED HAND-LIGHT OR PORTABLE GREENHOUSE TO BE USED FOR GROWING AND
PROTECTING PLANTS, EITHER WITH OR WITHOUT ARTIFICIAL HEAT," to be as
follows:-
It is purposed to make such greenhouses in sections of 5 or more pieces, of
galvanized or common iron, zinc, or wood, or partly of each, and glass, and
made in shape like a common hothouse; the roof and front being glass of
any required slope, and the back and sides of such other suitable materials,
such pieces to be put together with oblong-headed screws passing through slots
and fastened together by a quarter turn. The glass in front and top being

page_text: cut into strips of the required size, and fastened by rods in the back and front.
The hand-light or greenhouse is thus made tight without the use of either puttey
or paint, so that it can be taken to pieces at any time. A door or ventilator is
cut in the back plate for the purpose of ventilating and hardening the plants,
and from the room given a trellis can be put inside for the training of plants
at any distance from the glass, and the whole size of the light or the inside
can be filled with muck or mould so as to form a surface of mould as close to
the glass as may be required for the better growth of any seeds or plants.
The novelty consists in, 1st, its portability, as it can be taken apart in
sections or put together by any unskilled workman. 2nd, it requires very
small stowage room when not in use, and no fear of breaking the glass, as it can
be packed in a separate basket or box, and easily put together again in a few
minutes when required for use. 3rd, it requires neither puttey or paint, as it
is perfectly water-tight without either. 4th, it contains much more room for
the growth of plants than the hand-glass now in use, and contains room for a
trellis when required for growing or training of plants, and access can be had
for that purpose at any time by moving one or more pieces of glass, and any
plant or cutting requiring little or no sun can be protected by placing it to
slope to the north instead of the south. 5th, it can be made and used of any
size as a hothouse, greenhouse, or instead. of the frames and pits now in use.
6th, its superiority over all others for rearing & protecting plants & seeds.;
AN IMPROVEMENT IN TANNING
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd February 1860.-A communication from abroad by Laurent Rocher,
of Saumur, France.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN TANNING," (communicated to me from abroad by
Laurent Rocher, of Saumur, France,) to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the employment of sawdust from oak and other
woods instead of oak bark.
The Inventor states that he utilizes a comparatively waste product, and
obtains results in tanning equal, if not superior to those resulting from the use
of oak bark; further, that he has been enabled by his Invention to tan hides
in three months, whereas by the employment of oak bark, from six to eight
months would have been required to tan the same description of hides.
AN IMPROVED MEANS OF DRIVING SPINDLES USED IN SPINNING MACHINERY, APPLICABLE ALSO TO THE COMMUNICATING OF ROTARY MOTION FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by François Durand at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd July
1860.
I, FRANÇOIS DURAND, of Paris, in the French Empire, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MEANS OF DRIVING
SPINDLES USED IN SPINNING MACHINERY, APPLICABLE ALSO TO THE COMMUNICATING
OF ROTARY MOTION FOR OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My Invention has for object the driving of spindles used in spinning
machinery, and is also applicable to the communicating of rotary motion for
other purposes. For these objects I propose to employ an endless travelling
band of leather, gutta percha, india-rubber, thin steel, or other suitable and
properly flexible material, having teeth at or along one or both of its edges or
borders, with which teeth gear the teeth of wheels or pinions on the spindles
or other instruments or apparatus to be driven. In certain cases strips of
copper, brass, or other metal may be fastened on the border or margin of
the travelling band on opposite surfaces thereof, so as to have the leather or
other flexible material of the band between them, and the teeth are cut through
the three, i. e., through the two metal strips and the intervening material.
The three may be held together by two rivets at each tooth, or otherwise.
The endless band being set in motion from a steam engine or other means,
its teeth will gear with those of the wheels or pinions of the spindles, or of the
other apparatus to be driven, and rotary motion will thus be communicated.
AN IMPROVED TOBACCO PIPE
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Johnson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd October
1860.
I, THOMAS JOHNSON, of 9, Leicester Square, St. Anne's, Westminster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED TOBACCO
PIPE," to be as follows:-
It consists of the bowl being fastened into the stem with a cork instead of a
screw, and a cavity formed under the centre of the bottom of the bowl containing
a piece of some porous material, such as pumicestone, for absorbing the oil as
it passes from the tobacco with the smoke, and a hollow bulb at the screw end
of the mouth piece containing some porous material, also to absorb the oil
from and purify the smoke before it enters the mouth of the smoker, which
Invention may be applied to a pipe of any material.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF GIN OR GENEVA
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hermann Eschwege at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th March
1860.
I, HERMANN ESCHWEGE, of Mincing Lane, in the City of London, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF GIN OR GENEVA," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of gin or
geneva. For this purpose, in place of, as has been usual heretofore, producing
gin or geneva by mixing flavouring materials, such as juniper berries or
canary seed with spirit, and distilling from this mixture, by which process a
properly flavoured gin or geneva can be obtained only of a comparatively small
strength, I concentrate alcohol or spirit, so as to obtain it of a strength of 65
over proof, or of greater strength, and I mix the said spirit with an extract
separately prepared of the juniper berries and canary seed, or other flavouring
materials employed, and thus I obtain a gin or geneva much superior in
strength to that heretofore manufactured.
AN IMPROVED CRINOLINE PRO- TECTOR OR DOUBLE PETTICOAT
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Stevens at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th October
1860. A communication from abroad by Clément Duplomb, père, Jean
Marie Duplomb, fils, and Louis Frédéric Levrien, of 42, Rue Laffite,
Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, CHARLES STEVENS, Manager of the British & Foreign Office for Patents,
1º, Welbeck Street, Cavendish Square, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED CRINOLINE PRO-
TECTOR OR DOUBLE PETTICOAT," (& that it has been communicated to me from
abroad by Clément Duplomb, père, Jean Marie Duplomb, fils, & Louis
Frédéric Levrien, of 42, Rue Laffite, Paris, in the Empire of France,) to be
as follows:-
The improved petticoat consists of a piece of stuff of any kind twice the
length of an ordinary petticoat, and serving to envelope those made of steel
wire, crinoline, and other material now in use, thereby hiding them from view,
and in the case of crinoline by preserving it from being soiled, an economy in
the washing is also effected.
In using this double petticoat it is put on in the usual way, allowing the
part which acts as covering to fall to the ground. The crinoline or steel
petticoat is then put on, and the lower part of the double petticoat is raised
and attached in the same way as another petticoat, when all is concealed.
The
garment may be made of any material that may be desired, and as
already stated, is twice the length of an ordinary petticoat and wide in
proportion. It is as easily washed as a curtain or other similar article.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SPINNING OR TWISTING
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Morison at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th December
1860.
I, JAMES MORISON, of Paisley, in the County of Renfrew, North Britain,
Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SPINNING OR TWISTING," to be as follows, that is to
say:-
In this improved appa-
which is fixed the bobbin
This Invention relates to improved apparatus for spinning or twisting, to
be used in place of the ordinary spindle and flyer.
ratus the driving force is applied to a spindle, upon
or pirn to receive the yarn or thread, whilst the yarn or thread is given off
from a flyer, which is quite detached and separate from the spindle or bobbin,
being formed with a tubular neck or spindle, free to turn in a bearing in a
bar which rises and falls to distribute the yarn or thread equally over the
bobbin or pirn. The yarn or thread passes through the tubular neck or
spindle of the flyer, and is thence guided to the end of one of its legs, whence
it passes to the bobbin. The flyer is driven by the yarn or thread, but at
a slightly slower rate than the bobbin, which differential motion effects both
the twisting and winding on.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ETCHING ON ZINC
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Marc Antoine François Mennons, of the British and
Foreign Patent Offices, 39, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, in the Empire of
France, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN ETCHING ON ZINC."-A
communication from Edouard Eugène Raynal, and Emile Bellot, both
resident at Paris.
Sealed the 28th December 1860, and dated the 25th July 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Marc Antoine François
Mennons at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 25th July 1860.
I, MARC ANTOINE FRANÇOIS MENNONS, of the British and Foreign Patent
Offices, 39, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, in the Empire of France, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ETCHING ON
ZINC," to be as follows:-
The zinc plate to be operated on being planished and trimmed in the usual
way is coated on one side with varnish, and submitted to the action of an
ordinary tinting or grounding apparatus. The design to be reproduced,
previously traced on transfer paper, is counterdrawn-on-the plate thus prepared,
and the darkest shades are stopped out by an acid-resisting varnish, laid on by
a hair pencil. This done, and the varnish dried, the plate is bordered with

page_text: wax, and covered with dilute acid, the action of which is aided by a current of
voltaic electricity, the positive (zinc) element of the battery being placed in
communication with the plate, and the negative with the acid solution. After
an exposure, which may range from ten seconds to twenty minutes, according
to the state of the atmosphere, the intensity of the voltaic current, and the
concentration of the etching solution, the unprotected lines of the grounding
being sufficiently deepened and widened, the liquid is removed, and the plate
washed and dried. The second tints of the design are then stopped out, as
above, by a further application of varnish, the etching solution poured on, the
voltaic contacts made, and the action kept up so long as may be necessary to
deepen and widen to the desired point the remaining ground lines. The plate
is. again drained off, washed and dried, and the same series of processes
repeated till the required number of gradations are obtained, the pure whites
or blanks, which are reserved for the last, being produced by scraping the
varnish from the desired points previous to the final exposure to the etching
solution. The plate being then cleaned is ready to be employed for general
printing purposes, including impression on paper, woven fabrics, leather, and
other substances. In certain conditions of the atmosphere, as, for instance,
when large quantities of electricity are present, the voltaic current may be
dispensed with; but under all ordinary circumstances it forms an essential
element of the etching process.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Schwab at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th February
1860.
I, FREDERICK SCHWAB, of 24, Poland Street, Oxford Street, in the Parish of
St. James, and City of Westminster, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS," to be as follows:―
These improvements consists of a mechanical arrangements by which the
wear and damage caused by the fall of the barrells in breech-loading fire-arms
are entirely prevented, and otherwise facilitating the action of fire-arms.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAPIDLY COOLING OR REFRIGERATING WATER, WINE, BEER, OR OTHER' LIQUIDS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Stephens Harris at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th July 1860.
GEORGE STEPHENS HARRIS, of No. 10, Oxford Street, in the County of
Middlesex, Wine Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAPIDLY COOLING OR REFRIGERATING
WATER, WINE, BEER, OR OTHER' LIQUIDS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for rapidly
cooling or refrigerating water, wine, beer, or other liquors. For this purpose
I employ a "refrigerator" of any known and approved construction, into
which I place one or more cases or coolers, which cases or coolers may be
round, or any other suitable shape, or they may be made in the forms of
straight or coiled pipes; the cases or coolers are constructed of metal or
other suitable materials; these cases or coolers are wholly or partially
surrounded by the ice placed within the refrigerator. The cases or coolers
have apertures in their tops, which are opposite to corresponding apertures in
the lid or cover of the refrigerators, and into which apertures funnels are
placed. When it is required to pour any liquid into the cases or coolers, the
apertures in the lid are closed by sliding covers or doors, which may be made
self-closing by any known means, so that the apertures are always sbut,
excepting when the funnels are inserted. At the bottom of the cases or

page_text: coolers before mentioned pipes of suitable sizes are attached, which pass
through and are fixed in the sides or bottom of the refrigerator; the ends of
the pipes outside the refrigerator are furnished with suitable taps to draw off
the water, wine, beer, or other liquors when sufficiently cooled or refrigerated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF LOOPED FABRICS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Moses Mellor and Joseph
Gee at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 4th April 1860.
We, HENRY MOSES MELLOR, of Arkwright Street, in the Town and County
of the Town of Nottingham, Machine Builder, and Joseph Gee, of Radford, in
the County of Nottingham, Mechanic, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF LOOPED
FABRICS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to improvements in machinery for the manufacture of
looped fabrics. Our improvements, while they render the machinery of more
simple character, obtain increased speed in the production of work, and they
consist in a combination of the parts herein-after mentioned, namely, of a jack
and jack sinkers, the jack being supported by a comb bar, the tails of the jacks
being supported by a cramp spring, the jack sinkers being placed between
every alternate needle, and intermediately is placed another sinker having a
peculiarly shaped neb. The jacks are moved by two inclines or tappit plates
fixed on a slide. On the top of a horizontal fixed bar are two brass combs in
which a needle bit and needle slides. The needle bit has a projection on its
upper side near the back end, which is embraced by inclines or tappit plates,
by means of which the needles and bits are moved back and brought forward,
the inclines being free to move between two horizontal bars; above the bars
is a carrier plate to which are screwed the incline plate and a presser plate,

page_text: the presser plate being used for the purpose of insuring a number of springs
(one to each needle) being pressed upon the beards of the needles, and when
they are drawn back to allow the work to be knocked over. In front of the
bar carrying the brass combs is placed a sinker bar in which the lower ends of
the sinkers are placed. This bar is for the purpose of bringing the sinkers
forward when a narrowing is required to be made, the sinker bar being slung
in a frame capable of being moved backwards and forwards for the convenience
of narrowing. In front of the sinker bar is a supporting bar which lies under
the ends of the needles. Between the bar carrying the inclines and the
needle bits is a bar capable of being raised by hand to allow of a needle bit
being taken out when a needle is broken, and also to maintain the needle bits
in position when at work. At the back of the needle incline bar is an axle
carrying arms supporting links, and a bar capable of being pushed up to the
ends of the needle bits to secure them while turning a welt narrowing, making
a slack or tight course, or inserting a colored thread.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING ASPHALTE
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Robertson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th November
1860.
I, ROBERT ROBERTSON, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Asphalte Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING ASPHALTE," to be
as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to the arrangement and construction of an improved
boiler or heating apparatus, for preparing asphalte, with a view of saving a
considerable portion of the time now required for the melting and preparation
of the materials with the ordinary boiler. Under one modification of these
improvements the ordinary rectangular boiler which is used for preparing the
asphalte has fitted beneath the pan, in which the bitumen is placed, une or
more tubes or pipes, formed by preference of malleable iron. These tubes are
carried along or across the bottom of the pan, extending over the fire-place,
which is formed in the space between the pan and the outer shell or casing of
the heating apparatus. The tubes are arranged to communicate at one end
with a bellows or other air-forcing apparatus, and at the other to open out
into the asphalte pan at the upper part, immediately below the outwardly
turned edge or flange which serves to enclose the space between the pan and
the outer shell. The openings of the air tubes into the pan may be partly
covered with angle pieces of iron so as to direct the issuing current of air
down upon the bitumen in the pan. With this arrangement, when the tubes

page_text: become red hot, a current of air is forced through the tubes, which circulates
along the tubes and issues in a highly heated state from the emissive openings,
This heated air flows over the surface of the bitumen, and is kept in contact
therewith by the ordinary loose cover of the boiler. In this way the bitumen
is very quickly reduced, and a saving of at least one half the time ordinarily 5
required is effected, in addition to other advantages attending the improved
arrangement of the apparatus.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF MICA, AND ITS APPLICATION TO THE MANUFACTURE OF REFLECTORS AND TO OTHER USES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Sautter, at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st February
1860.
I, LOUIS SAUTTER, Manager of the firm of Louis Sautter & Co., of No. 37,
Avenue Montaigne, Paris, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF MICA, AND ITS APPLICATION
TO THE MANUFACTURE OF REFLECTORS AND TO OTHER USES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the treatment of mica,
and its application to the manufacture of reflectors and to other uses. The
improvements in the treatment of mica consist in giving to mica a coating of
metal such as platina, gold, palladium or silver. In order to give this surface
of metal to the mica, it is first coated with chloride of platina, gold, palladium,
silver, or other metal dissolved in essence of lavender, or other solvent, and is
then subjected to an elevated temperature, by which a brilliant precipitato of
the metal is obtained, adhering perfectly to the surface of the mica; sheets of
mica thus coated with metal are applicable as reflectors, and when coated with
platina produce reflectors perfectly unchangeable by the action of fire or by the
gases disengaged by combustion. Reflectors thus produced are especially
applicable for fitting up those descriptions of gas lamps where the action of
the flame comes directly on the reflector; reflectors thus made are also appli-
cable to other uses, as they may be made of various shapes, either of a plane

page_text: surface, or conical, or of any other form which sheets of mica may be made to
assume. In order to form reflectors not having a plane surface, the sheets of
mica are cut up, and the edges of the pieces are connected together by platina
wire or otherwise, either before or after coating them with metal. Sheets of
mica thus coated with metal are also appplicable to various other uses.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULDS FOR CANDLES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Barker, at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd May 1860.
I, WILLIAM HENRY BARKER, of the Borough of Kingston-upon-Hull, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULDS
FOR CANDLES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to dispense with the metallic tubes at
present in use for the manufacture of mould candles, and to substitute in lieu
thereof tubes or pipes composed of glass, and of such a form that the candles
when taken from the tubes shall be slightly conical or smaller at the top than
at the base, the effect being that the candles are moulded much cleaner and
possess a much brighter and more polished surface than those moulded in
metallic tubes.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE SEPARATION OF SILEX AND SILICIOUS AND OTHER MATTERS FROM STEEL
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Jepson Oddy Taylor at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
November 1860.
I, JOSEPH JEPSON ODDY TAYLOR, of No. 12, Mark Lane, in the City of
London, Naval Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention.
for AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE SEPARATION OF SILEX AND SILICIOUS AND OTHER
MATTERS FROM STEEL," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the employment in the crucible, furnace, or other
apparatus used for the melting and purifying of steel, of fluoric acid in any
form or state in which it may be present or be evolved. The form in which
I prefer to employ the fluoric acid is that of ground fluor spar, or fluate of
lime, as the lime in the spar at the same time becomes a flux.
AN IMPROVED APPLI- CATION OF MATERIAL TO THE MANUFACTURE OF COUPLING APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN CONNECTING LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES, TENDERS, AND CARRIAGES TOGETHER UPON RAILWAYS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Davies at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th September
1860.
I, JOHN DAVIES, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Civil Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED APPLI-
CATION OF MATERIAL TO THE MANUFACTURE OF COUPLING APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED
IN CONNECTING LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES, TENDERS, AND CARRIAGES TOGETHER UPON
RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the novel application of steel (as an improved
material) to the manufacture of such "couplings" or connections as are
employed for the above-named purpose, including the portions ordinarily
termed "coupling links" and "shackling irons," together with the hooks,
links, and "draw bars" and "coupling chains," and hooks or other con-
nections to which they are or may be attached, and forming the said parts,
and composed of whatever peculiar manufacture of steel may be found best
adapted to the purpose, in order to insure such and all parts of "coupling
apparatus" for railway purposes being of the utmost attainable tensile
strength.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN PLOUGHS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Burrup at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th April
1860.
I, JOSEPH BURRUP, of Gloucester, in the County of Gloucester, Smith, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN
PLOUGHS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in a means of adapting a general purpose plough
to perform the work of a parer or surface-paring plough when required. I
remove the share when the plough is required to act as a parer, and fit in its
place what I term a knifeholder, which terminates in front in a broad curve.
A flanged recess is formed in the under part of the front for the reception of
a paring knife or blade secured by screws or rivets.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FIGURED LACES MADE ON BOBBIN NET MACHINES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Hodgkinson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th September
1860.
I, WILLIAM HODGKINSON, of New Lenton, in the County of Nottingham,
Mechanist and Draughtsman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
FIGURED LACES MADE ON BOBBIN NET MACHINES," to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object the manufacture of figured laces on "bobbin
net machines;" and my improvements consist in the use of bottom bars instead
of top bars, as heretofore used, the threads passing through four independent
stump bars, two of such stump bars and also a bracket bar are placed between
the back and front ties of the warp threads, the stump bars being attached to
the jack or to independent wheels to move them as required. The net thus
produced is commonly called "cross net" or "cross ground net," having no
twist upon it, and wearing the semblance of cushion net.
I also propose to use the jacking thread machine for making figured
laces.
AN IN- PROVED FIRE-GUARD OR PROTECTOR
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Silas Nicholls and Henry Leonard
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 25th April 1860.
We, SILAS NICHOLLS, of No. 7, Buckland Street, New North Road,
Hoxton, Builder, and HENRY LEONARD, of 45, Arlington Street, Islington,
Engraver, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IN-
PROVED FIRE-GUARD OR PROTECTOR," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of fire
guard or protector applicable to fire-places in general, but more particularly
so to domestic fire-places and fire-places used in public rooms or buildings,
whereby a perfect protection against accidents by fire, arising from the emission
of burning fuel from the fire grate into the apartment is obtained, whilst at
the same time it prevents in a great measure the emission of smoke and dust
into the apartment, and assists the draught of the fire when required.
According to this Invention it is proposed to employ a screen of metal or
other fire-proof material, which covers the entire area in the front of the grate.
This screen is so constructed as to be capable of being wound up over a roller
contained in the top of the grate or stove, or behind the "mantel" or box of
the chimney piece, and may be made to slide in grooves or guides formed in
the side of the grate or stove itself, or in the jambs of the mouth-piece, or
fitted thereto. It is wound up by means of a key or other convenient
mechanical contrivance, so as either to expose the entire front of the fire-

page_text: place, or remain more or less lowered according to the draught desired, but
when the fire is to be left, as at night, for example, the screen may be
drawn down to the hearth, thereby excluding to a great extent the air,
and preventing sparks or portions of the fuel from being injected into the
apartment.
It is obvious that these screens may be ornamented to any extent, according
to the taste of the manufacturer. If found desirable, the roller upon which
the screen is wound may be placed vertically in the side of the stove or jambs
of the mantelpiece.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SCARFS, CRAVATS AND SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Farmer, and James Lansdell
Fuggle, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 22nd October 1860.
We, JOHN FARMER, and JAMES LANSDELL FUGGLE, of the City of London,
Stock and Cravat Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SCARFS, CRAVATS, AND
SIMILAR ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to that class of scarfs or cravats for gentlemen's
wear in which the centre part is hollowed to fit the neck, the ends being made
of a full stiff form by which the inconvenience of having too stout a fabric
round the neck is avoided.
Our improvements consist in inserting or attaching to the centre part of
the scarf a piece of elastic web by which the scarf can be adjusted to fit any
size of neck.
AN IMPROVED MIXTURE OR SOLUTION TO BE APPLIED TO PICKERS, PICKING BANDS, STRAPS, SOLE LEATHER, AND SUCH LIKE MA- TERIALS IN ORDER TO HARDEN THEM, AND RENDER THEM MORE LASTING
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Salisbury, of Preston, County of Lancaster,
for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED MIXTURE OR SOLUTION TO BE APPLIED
TO PICKERS, PICKING BANDS, STRAPS, SOLE LEATHER, AND SUCH LIKE MA-
TERIALS IN ORDER TO HARDEN THEM, AND RENDER THEM MORE LASTING."
Sealed the 30th April 1860, and dated the 6th November 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Salisbury at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
6th November 1860.
I, EDWARD SALISBURY, of Preston, County of Lancaster, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MIXTURE OR SOLUTION TO
BE APPLIED TO PICKERS, PICKING BANDS, STRAPS, SOLE LEATHER, AND SUCH LIKE
MATERIALS IN ORDER TO HARDEN THEM, AND RENDER THEM MORE LASTING," to be
as follows, that is to say:-
My Invention relates to the production of a certain mixture to be used for
treating pickers, picking bands, straps, leather, and such like materials, or
articles composed of such like materials, in order to render them harder and
more lasting when used, and also in the production of the aforesaid articles
when so treated as a new article of manufacture. My solution is composed..

page_text: as follows: A quantity of lime is dissolved or mixed in about twenty times
its weight of urine; the soluble portion is then drained off, and mixed with
about an equal amount of oil. After standing a short while, the materials to
be operated upon are placed in the mixture and stand for some days, the time
varying according to the mass and the kind of materials; after being with-
drawn from the mixture they are exposed to the action of the air for a few
days, and are then ready for use.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MINERAL TAB
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Vincent Wanostrocht at the Office-
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th November
1860.
I, VINCENT WANOSTROCHT, of Parkstone, near Poole, in the County of
Dorset, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MINERAL TAB," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object an improvement in the manufacture of
mineral tar, and consists in the introduction or application in such manufacture-
of a mineral not hitherto employed therein, in order that tar may be distilled.
therefrom. The mineral so employed and applied is that class of mineral
found in Shropshire, and known in that district as "tarry rock," "stinking.
rock," and "sixteen-yard rock," and possibly by other names in that and other
places, and the products thereof, when subjected in suitable retorts or stills to.
a low heat, say, about six or eight hundred degrees of Fahrenheit's thermo-
meter, are tar and a residue of sandstone. The mode of heating the retorts
or stills, and the mineral therein, may be greatly varied, so long as the mineral
is kept heated to the lowest degree of heat that tar will go off therefrom freely
in the state of vapour, which is received into a suitable condenser. And it is.
preferred that the uncondensed vapours from the condenser should be received.
by a suitable apparatus and caused to flow back into the retort or still, and
thus aid in the carrying off of the heavier vapours as they come off from the
heated mineral; such retorts or stills may be heated externally by fire, or
internally by superheated steam; or the carrying off of the heavier vapours,

page_text: when a retort or still is heated externally, may be aided by ordinary or heated
steam being admitted; but to the mode of heating the retorts or stills used, or
the mineral therein, no claim is made, the means resorted to being in them-
selves old when applied to other minerals. The stills or retorts employed
should have large outlet passages, and by preference at or near the lower parts 5
thereof.