Improvements in Motors for the Propulsion of Road Carriages, Launches, Boats, and the like.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 17th July, 1896
Complete Specification Left, 6th Apr.. 1897-Accepted, 29th May, 1897
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Motors for the Propulsion of Road Carriages,
Launches, Boats, and the like.
I, WILLIAM HENRY DUGARD of Vulcan Mills, Bridge Street West, Birmingham,
in the County of Warwick, Metal Tube and Wire Manufacturer do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention has reference principally to the propulsion of road carriages but
also has reference in part to the propulsion of launches boats and the like; and has
for its object to so modify the construction and arrangement of the parts of turbines
driven by steam or other fluid that the said turbines may be adapted as the motors
of the said carriages, launches boats and the like. My invention consists further
in combining with the said steam, air or gas turbines machinery of the kind
hereinafter described whereby the speed of the carriage can be quickly and readily
changed at the will of the occupant or person in charge of the carriage launch or
the like; or the motion of the said carriage, launch or the like may be reversed.
Further, a steady motion of the carriage launch or the like is preserved, that is, any
tendency in the carriage, launch or the like to pitch or roll is counteracted.
1 will describe my invention as applied to a motor for 'the propulsion of a road
carriage.
to'
In constructing a motor for the propulsion of a road carriage I employ a steam or
other turbine with the bucket wheel mounted. horizontally on vertical spindle in
such a manner that in addition to a rotary motion it is capable of a slight sliding
motion on the spindle in a line at right angles, to its axis so as
preserve the
centre of gravity of the bucket disc or turbine wheel in line with the axis of
rotation of the vertical spindle of the turbine. The construction and arrangement
of parts for permitting of the motion of the bucket disc in a line at right angles
to the axis of the turbine shaft I do not think it necessary here to describe.
The rotary motion of the turbine spindle is transmitted through toothed gearing
to a second vertical and parallel spindle or shaft and through a clutch coupling to
another shaft on the lower end of which are three pulleys of different diameters.
One of these pulleys, which I will hereinafter call the driving pulleys, transmit
through belt gearing in the manner hereinafter described rotary motion to one of
three driven pulleys also 'of different diameters situated on a vertical shaft the rotary
motion of which shaft is transmitted through worm and worm wheel gearing, to a
horizontal shaft and therefrom by intermediate gearing to the driving wheels of the
carriage.
The driving bands or belts on the driving and driven pulleys are of such a
length that except when the said belts are tightened by, the action of jockey or
tightening pulleys on their outer sides they are not in gear with the said driving
pulleys and the said pulleys" can consequently rotate in the said bands without
giving motion to the bands and driven pulleys. "The driving bands or belts are
supported when in their relaxed state by horizontal plates or carriers situated under
their respective pairs of pulleys.
When it is wished to put the carriage in motion one of the three pairs of pulleys
is thrown into gear through the tightening of its driving belt by the turning of a

page_text: cam shaft the cams of which operate levers on concentric hollow shafts on the lower
ends of which are the carriers of the jockey or tightening pulleys hereinbefore referred
to. The reversal of the motion of the carriage is effected by the bringing into
frictional contact one of the driving pulleys with its driven pulley and for this
purpose the bottom bearing of the shaft of the driving pulleys is arranged in a
horizontal lever operated by a cam on the cam or operating shaft by the turning
of which the said lever may be made to bring the driving pulley into contact with
the driven pulley.
When the carriage is in motion the speed of the turbine is controlled by a
governor on the second vertical shaft which operates through a series of levers and
spindle the throttle valve of the steam air or gas supply pipe should the speed of
the second shaft exceed the arranged normal speed.
By arranging the turbine and its gearing and the several pulleys on vertical
shafts in the aforesaid manner the gyroscopic action set up preserves or tends to
preserve a steady motion of the vehicle propelled without in any way interfering
with the steering of it.
Dated this Seventeenth day of July 1896.
W. T. WHITEMAN,
Agent for the Applicant.
•
Improvements in Motors for the Propulsion of Road Carriages,
Launches, Boats, and the like.
I, WILLIAM HENRY DUGARD, of Vulcan Mills, Bridge Street West, Birmingham
in the County of Warwick, Metal Tube and Wire Manufacturer, do hereby declare
the nature of my invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention has reference principally to the propulsion of road carriages but
also has reference in part to the propulsion of launches,, boats and the like; and
has for its object to so modify the construction and arrangement of the parts of
turbines driven by steam or other fluid that the said turbines may be adapted as
the motors of the said carriages, launches, boats and the like... My, invention consists
further in combining with the said steam, air or gas, turbines machinery, of the
kind hereinafter described, whereby the speed of the carriage can be quickly and
readily changed at the will of the occupant or person in charge, of the carriage,
launch or the like or the motion of the said carriage, launch or the like may be
reversed. Further, a steady motion of the carriage, launch or the like is preserved;
that is, any tendency in the carriage, launch or the like to pitch or roll is
counteracted.
I will describe my invention as applied to a moto
carriage.
for the propulsion of a road
In constructing a motor.for the propulsion of a road carriage I employ a steam or
other turbine with the bucket wheel-mounted, horizontally on a vertical spindle the
ends of which spindle are connected in such a manner to the bearings that in addition
to a rotary motion they are capable of a slight sliding or lateral movement in the
bearings in a line at right angles to their axis so as to preserve the centre of
gravity of the bucket disc or turbine wheel and spindle in line with the axis of
rotation of the bearings. The construction and arrangement of parts for permitting
of the motion of the bucket disc in a line at right angles to the axis of the turbine
shaft is hereinafter particularly described.
The rotary motion of the turbine spindle is transmitted through toothed gearing

page_text: to a second vertical and parallel spindle or shaft and through a clutch coupling to
another shaft on the lower end of which are three pulleys of different diameters.,
One of these pulleys, which I will hereinafter call the driving pulleys transmits
through belt gearing in the manner hereinafter described rotary motion to one of
three driven pulleys also of different diameters situated on a vertical shaft, the
rotary motion of which shaft is transmitted through bevil gearing to a horizontal
shaft and therefrom by intermediate gearing to the driving wheels of the carriage.
The driving bands or belts on the driving and driven pulleys are of such a length
that except when the said belts are tightened by the ac ion of jockey or tightening
pulleys on their outer sides, they are not in gear with the said driving pulleys and
the said pulleys can consequently rotate in the said bands without giving motion to
the bands and driven pulleys. The driving bands or belts are supported when in
their relaxed state by horizontal plates or carriers situated under their respective
pairs of pulleys.
When it is wished to put the carriage in motion one of the three pairs of pulleys
is thrown into gear, through the tightening of its driving belt, by the turning of a
cam shaft the cams of which operate levers on concentric hollow shafts on the lower
ends of which are the carriers of the jockey or tightening pulleys hereinbefore
referred to. The reversal of the motion of the carriage is effected by the bringing
into frictional contact one of the driving pulleys with its driven pulley and for this
purpose the bottom bearing of the shaft of the driving pulleys is arranged in a
horizontal lever operated by a cam on the cam or operating shaft, by the turning of
which the said lever may be made to bring the driving pulley into contact with the
driven pulley.
'
When the carriage is in motion the speed of the turbine is controlled by a governor
on the second vertical shaft which operates through a serios of levers and spindle the
throttle valve of the steam, air or gas supply pipe should the speed of the second
shaft exceed the arranged normal speed.
By arranging the turbine and its gearing and the several pulleys on vertical shafts
in the aforesaid manner the gyroscopic action set up preserves or tends to preserve a
steady motion of the vehicle propelled without in any way interfering with the
steering of it.
Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawings represent respectively in side
and end elevation a motor, for the propulsion of a road carriage, containing my
improvements;
Figure 3 represents a plan of the upper part of the motor and
Figure 4 is a horizontal section taken on the line x, x Figure 1.
Figures 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11 represent parts of the motor detached as hereinafter
described; Figures 5, 6, 7 and 8 are drawn to a larger scale than the other figures of
the drawings.
The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in the several figures
of the drawings.
In constructing a motor according to my invention' I prefer to employ a steam
turbine A of the kind known in commerce as the "De Laval" turbine modified in
the manner hereinafter described, the said turbine being provided with an equilibrium
throttle valve B by which the supply of steam to the turbine is controlled. I modify
the De Laval" turbine in the following manner." I fix the bucket disc a of the.
turbine (best seen in Figure 5) on a short vertical shaft or spindle a' (also seen in
Figure 5) the said shaft terminating at top in the cup a² (shown separately in plan
in Figure 6) for receiving the top pivot or cup bearing as of the said spindle a¹.
The lower end of the spindle a has a square figure in cross section (see Figure 7.)
for engaging in the square hole of a sleeve or collar a coupling the spindle a¹ to the
pinion shaft a. In order to permit the spindle a and bucket disc a thereon to
partake of a slight radial sliding or lateral motion so that when the motor is in
action the centre of gravity of the bucket disc and spindle shall always be in the
axis of rotation of the said bearings a³, a', I make the internal diameter of the cup a
and the size of the hole in the coupling a much larger than the parts engaged

page_text: therein, the spaces between the said parts being occupied by steel springs c, c
(see Figures 6 and 7) which tend to preserve the bucket disc.a and its spindle a
in their normal position.
In addition to the ordinary nozzle A', of the turbine I provide the said turbine
with a supplementary nozzle A³ (shown separately in Figure 8) which supplementary
nozzle A is automatically opened and closed in the following manner. The said
nozzle A consists of a detachable jet pipe d the rear end of which opens into, the
steam supply passage e and is opened and closed by a valve f, on the rod f' of which
is a piston working steam tight in a short cylinder g. The piston has a diameter
somewhat larger than that of the valvef so that the steam pressure on the piston in
the one direction is more than sufficient to counterbalance the steam pressure on the
valve in the opposite direction. The piston f2 is forced in the direction proper to
close the valve by a spring the pressure of which is regulated by the screw
plug or nut i.
The action of the supplementary nozzle is as follows:-Should the difference
between the pressure of the steam on the piston and the pressure on the valve f
exceed the pressure of the spring the piston f2 will be forced inwards and the
valve consequently opened thereby bringing the supplementary nozzle A2 into action.
On the pressure of the steam falling below that of the spring the valve will be
closed and the supply of steam to the bucket disc by the supplementary nozzle A² cut
off. "Two or more supplemetary nozzles of the kind described and represented may be
employed.
"
1.
The rotation of the spindle a¹ of the turbine bucket a is transmitted through the
toothed pinion a and toothed wheel to the governor shaft k.
The gearing
wheels aand are preferably of the kind technically known as double helical
or Hooke's gearing. On the top of the said governor shaft & is a governor * by the
action of which the series of levers and links,,.,, actuating the throttle valve
at B are operated.
The rotation of the governor shaft k is transmitted through the mechanism
hereinafter described to the driving travelling wheels of the vehicle. The governor
shaft engages in a coupling n (shown separately in section and plan respectively in
Figures 9 and 10), keyed to a vertical shaft m in line with the governor shaft k, the
said vertical shaft m having upon it three pulleys m³, m³, m³ of varying size. The
lower end of the shaft m takes into a footstep bearing carried by a lever o best seen
in Figure 1. One or other of these pulleys' m, m2, m³ transmits rotary motion in
the manner hereinafter described to one or other of three pulleys p', P, P on the
vertical parallel shaft p the notion of which shaft p is transmitted by bevil
wheels, p to a flexible shaft p in gear with the driving travelling wheels of the
carriage. ...
On the pairs of pulleys m', p¹; m², ²; m³, p³ are loose belts 1, 2, 3 which when
the vehicle is at rest are supported on carriers or plates w₁, 6², w³.
When' it is desired to set the vehicle in motion one or other of the belts 1, 2, 78
(according to the speed required) is tightened by the pressure on it of a jockey
pulley. The respective jockey pulleys are marked s, t, u and are carried by levers
one of which is marked in Figure 4, fixed on concentric hollow shafts s, t, u, the
upper ends of which shafts have arms s³, 13,-u³ (see Figure 2) carrying rollers s, t, u
which by the action of springs s, t, u are pressed in contact with cams v1, v2, on
the cam shaft v. The cam shaft vis rotated by a quadrant y (operated by a hand
lever not shown in the drawings) gearing with a toothed wheel on the cam
shaft v.
14
The back er reverse motion of the vehicle is effected by a fourth cam on the
cani shaft v, best seen in Figure 11. When the notch or cut away part of the said
cam' is brought opposite the roller o¹ on the lever o the said lever is by the action
of its spring of moved in the direction of the arrow in Figure 11 by which action the
pulley m³ is brought in direct contact with the pulley p³ when the rotation of the said
pulley m³ communicates a reverse rotation to the said pulley p³. In order to improve

page_text: the bite between the surfaces of the two pulleys m³, p³, when brought into contact,
one of them is covered with leather or the like.
The application of my invention to motors for the propulsion of launches, boats and
the like differs in no essential respect from its application to a motor for the
propulsion of a road carriage as hereinbefore described and illustrated, excepting
that the variable speed belt gear is not required.
Although I have described my improvements in connection with a "De Laval"
steam turbine yet I wish it to be understood that I do not limit myself to the use of
turbines of this construction as other steam turbines of a similar construction may be
used without departing from the nature of my invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that I
claim as my invention of "Improvements in motors for the propuision of road
carriages, launches, boats and the like" ;-
First. The use for driving the motor of the road carriage, launch, or the like of
a turbine actuated by steam or other fluid pressure, the bucket disc of which turbine
is arranged on a vertical spindle or shaft substantially as herein before described and
illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Secondly. Providing the vertical spindle or shaft of the bucket disc of a vertical
steam or other fluid turbine with loosely fitting bearings so as to permit the bucket
disc and shaft to partake of a slight radial sliding or lateral motion under the
centrifugal force of the rotating bucket disc, the space between the ends of the
spindle or shaft and its bearings being occupied by steel springs for limiting and
controlling the radial sliding motion or lateral movement of the spindle or shaft
substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
Thirdly. The addition to or combination with the steam or other fluid turbine of
the motor of one, two, or more supplementary nozzles the communications between
which and the steam passage of the turbine are opened and closed by valves controlled
by the pressure of the steam substantially as herein before described and illustrated in
the accompanying drawings.
Fourthly. In a motor for the propulsion of a road carriage, the use of the
variable speed belt gear hereinbefore described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings the said belt gear consisting essentially of a series of pairs of pulleys on
which loose bands are situated one or other of the said pairs of pulleys being put into
gear by the pressure on the band of a tightening or jockey pulley substantially as
hereinbefore described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Fifthly. In a motor for the propulsion of a road carriage, provided with belt
gearing of the kind claimed in the fourth claim;-arranging the bottom bearing for
the driving pulley shaft in a lever capable of being turned in the direction proper for
bringing the periphery or acting surface of one of the driving pulleys in direct contact
with the periphery or acting surface of the corresponding pulley on the driven
shaft so as to obtain a reverse motion of the said shaft and effect the backing of
the vehicle substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.