matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE COATING AND COVERING OF WROUGHT IRON FOR THE PURPOSE OF PRESERVING IT AND PREVENTING OXIDATION
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Bennet at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th March 1862.
I, GEORGE BENNET, of 21, Manchester Buildings, Westminster, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE COATING AND COVERING OF WROUGHT IRON FOR THE
PURPOSE OF PRESERVING IT AND PREVENTING OXIDATION," to be as follows:-
To render the iron fit to receive the coating and covering it must be
prepared in the following manner :-Mix with ten gallons of cold water one
pound of sulphuric acid, in which place the iron intended to be coated, and
let it remain six hours, then take it out and scour it with sand or emery, wash
it well in clear spring water, and then place it in a stove heated to 212° Fah-
renheit for ten minutes, it is then fit for the coating. The coating is made as
follows:-Twenty-eight pounds of flint calcined and ground fine, fourteen
pounds of borax pulverized, calcine these together till they are fused, let them
cool, and add to them five pounds of potter's clay; grind these ingredients in
water together to the consistency of paint, and coat the iron. with this to the
thickness of about one-sixteenth of an inch; when this has become set, which
it will do in a dry place in a few minutes, then proceed to apply the covering,
which must be very carefully dusted over it before it becomes quite dry, and
which is made of sixty-two pounds of white glass, twelve pounds of, borax, and
ten pounds of soda, grind these to a fine powder, and then let them be vitrified.

page_text: in a crucible; when cool grind this compound in water until very fine, then
place in a kiln until quite dry, then take off this composition twenty-two
pounds and eight ounces of soda, mix them thoroughly together in hot water,
submit them to a moderate heat in a stove, and a fine powder will be pro-
duced. Sift this powder evenly over the coating, and then place the iron so
covered in a stove at a temperature of 212° Fahrenheit to dry, then place it in
a kiln, such as is used by china manufacturers for fixing enamel. The kiln
must be heated to a sufficient degree to fuse the covering. The iron must
be gradually heated at the mouth of the kiln, and then placed in the full
heat till the covering is fused, when it must be gradually withdrawn to cool.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS.IN.. MACHINERY FOR PREPARING, CLEANING, CUTTING, AND SHORTENING THE LENGTHS OF TOW AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Lowry at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th September
1862.
J, GEORGE LOWRY, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Machinist, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS.IN..
MACHINERY FOR PREPARING, CLEANING, CUTTING, AND SHORTENING THE LENGTHS OF
TOW AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
The nature and novel feature of my Invention consist of an improved com-
bination of parts of machinery peculiarly arranged and adapted to perform
and effect the operations of prepareing and cutting the lengths of tow and
other fibrous materials to the required lengths uniformily alike, for the purpose
of spinning yarns of such material to a more uniform quality than hitherto
performed by machinery of the like nature.
Firstly, consisting of a series of blades or knives in a straight-edge form
placed suitably apart from each other, and placed from end to end, across and in
a cylinder; the cylinder also containing card teeth in the ordinary manner, the
blades being level with or somewhat raised above the teeth of the cylinder.
Secondly, of a stationary shield or shell cover to the feed or porcupine
roller of the cylinder, and being within surface contact of the feeding roller to
confine the fibrous material. This shield or cover also forms on its edge, the
near proximity to the cylinder, a blade or knife in a straight-edge form,
so that the blades on the cylinder, and that on the cover are truly
parallel laterally and within touching contact with each other. It is this
near proximity of the blades, the one stationary and the others rotatory
with the cylinder, which is the novelty of this Invention.

page_text: Thirdly, I also propose that when required to apply two or more distinct
and separate feed or porcupine rollers, with shell covers to the bladed cylinder,
that each may be supplying the cylinder with fibrous material. Or that one
feed apparatus may deliver consecutively to the second and other feed rollers
respectively.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF PULP FOR PAPER
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson, at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th February
1862. A communication from abroad by Paul Emile Mollet, of Paris,
in the Empire of France.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of 166, Buchanan Street, in the City of Glasgow, North
Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF PULP FOR PAPER," a communication
from abroad by Paul Emile Mollet, of Paris, in the Empire of France, to be
as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improved processes in the preparation of
pulp for paper, I make use of certain materials such as grass, especially
damaged grass, beet root, pulp and sea weed, which I steep in a bath of lime
water for a space of from two to twenty-four hours. These materials may
either be used separately or together, or mixed with other suitable materials.
After they have been removed from the lime bath, they are to be steeped for
the space of from eight to twelve hours in a mixture of lime, salt of soda,
salt of potass, or salt of ammonia, marine salt, nitric or muriatic acid, and
water. The proportions of these different ingredients may be varied, but as
an example of a suitable mixture I give the following:-Take of lime 20 per
cent., of salt of soda 5 per cent., of marine salt 5 per cent., and add to them
nitric acid in the proportion of from 10 to 15 parts to 100,000 parts by weight
of the solid ingredients. When removed from this mixture the materials under

page_text: treatment must be dried either in the open air, or in a close vessel, the latter
being preferred on account of the more rapid action. The materials must then
be treated with phenic acid, or with tri-nitro-phenic acid, or with carbazotic
acid. Finally, after they have been well washed with water to free them from
the acid, they may be bleached by any known bleaching process.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC PENS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Knox at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th December
1862.
I, ROBERT KNOX, of Swinton Street, Gray's Inn Road, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC PENS," to be as follows :-
This Invention consists in a new method of manufacturing metallic pens,
whereby material is greatly economized, a double or duplicate nib being
produced, one at each end of the pen.
I propose to form the pens either of steel, gold, silver, or other metals or
alloys suitable for the purpose, and instead of pointing or "nibbing," one
end of the pen only as is ordinarily done, I propose to form a nib at both
ends, thus each end of the pen may be made with fine points, or one point
may be fine and the other coarse, or when desired one point may be extra
coarse for engrossing.
By this Invention two pens may be formed of one piece of metal of about
the same size as the ordinary pen.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF OBTAINING MOTIVE-POWER BY MEANS OF WATER WHEELS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Moores at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th January
1862.
I, FREDERICK MOORES, of Warrington, in the County of Lancaster, Iron
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED METHOD OF OBTAINING MOTIVE-POWER BY MEANS OF WATER WHEELS,"
to be as follows:-
"
I arrange two cisterns above a wheel, the said wheel constructed with
exterior buckets, or similar contrivances, so that as the water descends
from one of the cisterns, it gives motion to the wheel. The two cisterns
may be connected by any ordinary means, each of them having a tap or
other means of outlet, one to give direct motion, and the other a back
motion when necessary. The said cisterns to be filled in the first instance,
either by hand or power. I fix on the main shaft of the said water wheel
a toothed wheel to work or give motion to two other toothed wheels, each
of which works a pump by means of connecting levers, the said pumps
raising or lifting the water which falls from the wheel into the aforesaid
cisterns, thus using the same water continuously to give motion to the wheel,
which motion may be conveyed to any convenient shaft, crank, or wheel,
acting as the principal prime mover.
AN IMPROVED SELF-INKING HAND STAMP
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Pierre Léonard Guilbaud and
Napoléon Victor Thiré at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 29th August 1862.
We, PIERRE LÉONARD GUILBAUD and NAPOLÉON VICTOR THIRÉ, both of
Paris, 60, Boulevart de Strasbourg, Practical Engineers, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED SELF-INKING HAND STAMP,"
to be as follows:-
Our improved stamp is engraved in the usual style on the projecting portion
of the surface of a moveable cylinder, the ends of the axis of said cylinder run
in arms or levers hinged at the lower ends of a L-shaped frame carried by a
suitable handle, an inking roller runs in, the same levers touching, as it revolves,
the engraved portion of the cylindrical stamp. A pinion fitted on the said
stamp is actuated by a segmental rack, which rack is carried by angular levers
,hinged also on the 1-frame, the angular levers carry a segmental portion
of a cylindrical frame ✗, which being applied upon the paper to be stamped
and borne upon, causes, by pushing forward the rotating motion of the
cylindrical stamp, the projecting engraved portion thereof imprints its marks
upon the paper, which the lower plain portion cannot touch, whilst the
cylindrical segmental frame maintains the paper firm and even. Now when
the said stamp is lifted up, a spiral spring wound around the axis, either of
the stamp or of an intermediate pinion by its unbending action brings back the
engraved cylinder to its primary position, in which motion the engraved portion
is inked by the inking roller.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BRAIDING MACHINES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Bestwick at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th December
1862.
I, WILLIAM BESTWICK, of the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Small Ware and Braid Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BRAIDING MACHINES," to be as
follows:-
Instead of the revolving cams at the top of the machine for giving tension
to the yarns or threads, I employ two or more horizontal combs connected to
the rings of eccentrics or to cranks, so that the combs may have an eccentric
to-and-fro motion upon the yarns or threads and maintain their tension effec-
tually without any danger of entanglement or breakage. These improved
combs are to be applied to all sizes and descriptions of braiding machines.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Russel Aitken at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th December
1862.
I, RUSSEL AITKEN, of Cambridge Street, Pimlico, in the County of
Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar system or mode of actuating the driving
wheels of locomotive engines, with a view to the prevention of the great
oscillation which occurs when using outside cylinders. According to this
Invention it is proposed to transmit the power of both pistons to the centre
of the driving axle in place of to each driving wheel separately. For this
purpose a hollow driving axle is used, through which passes a straight driving
shaft having a single crank fitted thereon at each extremity outside the wheels.
This driving shaft is coupled in any convenient manner with the hollow axle
at a point central or nearly central with the length of the axle and is
supported near its extremities by a bush in the axle, or by collars, forged or
otherwise formed or fitted upon the driving shaft, or on the interior of the
hollow axle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RANGES AND STOVES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Newzam Nicholson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th April 1862.
I, WILLIAM NEWZAM NICHOLSON, of Newark, in the County of Notting-
ham, Agricultural Implement Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RANGES AND STOVES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in forming the fronts, panels, and doors of kitchen
ranges, and the panels of stoves of enamelled iron. My Invention also
consists in means of fixing such enamelled iron by forming frames in cast-
iron plates, and fitting the enamelled iron therein without screw or rivet
fastenings; also in casting hollow projections in the cast-iron plates for the
purpose of screwing therein taps or other necessary appliances; the enamelled
iron plates have apertures formed therein previous to being finished to fit
over such projections.
My Invention also consists in an improved form of hinge for the doors in
kitchen ranges. I cast a hollow boss with and extending nearly the whole
length of the door, whereby great strength is obtained, and the use of detached
hinges rivetted in the usual manner is dispensed with. This box fits between
two lugs on the plate to which the door is to be hinged, and a pin is passed
through the lugs and boss.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DISTILLING SHALE AND OTHER BITUMINOUS MINERALS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Bell at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd March
1862.
I, THOMAS BELL, of Wishaw, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Manager, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DISTILLING SHALE AND OTHER BITUMINOUS MINERALS,"
to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to improvements in apparatus more particularly
designed for the primary distillation of shales and other bituminous minerals,
and has principally for object to facilitate the treatment of large quantities
of mineral rapidly and economically.
In one modification of the apparatus there are two or more furnaces, one
of which communicates with a central vertical flue, having formed round it'
an annular retort chamber, whilst the other furnaces communicate with flues
outside of or encircling such retort chamber. A pipe or pipes are provided
to convey away the volatile matters, and valved hoppers are arranged at the
top of the retort chamber for the introduction of the minerals. The refuse
or waste matters pass off by discharge tubes disposed between the furnaces,
the bottom of the retort chamber being funnel-shaped at each place to guide
the matters into the tubes. The bottom mouths of these discharge tubes dip
into tanks which are filled with water to a height sufficient to seal the tubes
and the refuse is removed from the tanks as it accumulates. Fresh minerals

page_text: may be supplied gradually or at short intervals, and the process may be carried
on continuously or nearly so.
Whilst an important feature of the improved apparatus is the provision for
heating the retort chamber by both internal and external flues the details may
be variously modified. The apparatus may be constructed in fire-brick or in
iron, or in both combined. The external flues are by preference made to take
a zig-zag, helical, or other tortuous course. Tho apparatus is by preference
made cylindrical but it may be made triangular, square, or polygonal. It may
also be inclined or even horizontal instead of vertical. Instead of the inner
and outer flues being heated by separate furnaces they may be arranged so
as to receive the whole of the heated gases in succession thus, the heated
gases may be made to pass up the outer flues and then down the inner flue or
flues. The retort chamber may be divided by partitions, or there may be two
or more separate retort chambers disposed concentrically or otherwise with
intermediate flues.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Cook, at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th September
1862.
I, JOHN Cook, Esq., of No. 9, Fitzroy Place, Kentish Town, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGES," to be as follows (that is to say) :-
My Invention has reference to improvements in carriages with the view of
lightening the draught, as also enabling the same to be more advantageously.
employed in carrying or conveying goods, heavy weights, or otherwise, upon
tram or turnpike roads, or over rough or uneven ground than at present, and
consists in constructing two-wheeled carriages so as to admit of being coupled
longitudinally, and employed together as four-wheeled carriages, space being
left between the couplings of the fore and bind wheels for the object of the
lock or turning, whereby wheels of a large and uniform size may be used
throughout in connection with cranked or plain axles, and the said carriages
coupled either singly or in sets.
In the accompanying Drawings, Fig. 1 represents a side elevation of one
of my improved carriages; Figs. 2, 3, and 4, vertical front views of modifi-
cations thereof; and Figs. 5, 6, and 7, top, side, and end views of a carriage
coupled or united, forming a four-wheeled carriage. In each Figure the same
letters of reference denote similar corresponding parts. a, a, body of carriage;
b, b, springs; c, c, plain axles; d, d, wheels; e, e, shafts; f.f, pin and socket
to which the same is secured; 9,9, doors or panels; 9 1, hinges; h, h, couplings;
i, i, friction rollers steadying the play of the cranked axles j, j.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR EXPRESSING AND SEPARATING BEER FROM YEAST OR BARM
Year: 1862

page_text: his Inventions recett
rotection only.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Oxley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th October
1862.
I, JAMES OXLEY, of Frome, in the County of Somerset, Brewers' Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR EXPRESSING AND SEPARATING BEER FROM YEAST OR BARM," to be
as follows:
My Invention has for its object the more complete separation of the liquid
from the semi-fluid substances in the process of brewing, and consists in the
combination for this purpose of perforated plates or boards or wire screens
with cells or bags of cloth, into which the semi-fluid substances are forced by
means of a pump, the pressure applied to the same being sufficient to express
the liquid through the cells or bags, whence it passes through the perforations
in the plates or boards or the spaces between the wires of the screens into the
receptacle required.
The perforated plates or boards or the wire screens, or both combined, are
put together in a strong frame, and one cell or bag of cloth is placed between
each division thereof so that the cell or bag may be confined by a perforated
plate or board or a wire screen on each side of it in such a manner as to admit
of the cloth of the cell or bag containing the semi-fluid substances being
pressed into the perforations of the plates or boards or the spaces in the wire
screens.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN ANTI-CHLORIDE FOR PAPER-MAKING
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Louis Jullion at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
July 1862.
I, JOHN LOUIS JULLION, Chemist, Lowfell, Gateshead-on-Tyne, Durham,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT
IN ANTI-CHLORIDE FOR PAPER-MAKING," to be as follows:-
My Invention of "An Improvement in Anti-chloride for Paper-making,"
consists in exposing the sulphurets of calcium, such as are known as either
soda waste or as gas lime, to the action of atmospheric air until nearly all the
sulphuret of calcium is oxydised into hyposulphite of lime. This I dissolve
out with water, destroy any remaining sulphuret that may be in solution with
an acid (such as sulphuric or muriatic), and evaporate the resulting liquor
to dryness, or to a strength that the salt will crystallize as may be required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESSES FOR BAISING OR SHAPING METALS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Abraham at the Offico
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th July
1862.
I, JOHN ABRAHAM, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Machinist
and Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESSES FOR BAISING OR SHAPING METALS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described in pressos
for raising or shaping metals. My said improvements have reference to the
feeding into the press of the blanks to be raised and the removal of the raised
articles from the lower die. I will describe my Invention in connection with
a lever press worked by a lever treadle. The blanks to be raised are fed to
the press from a table a little higher than the level of the lower tool or die,
and are pushed by hand from the said table to an inclined plane down which
they slide to the said lower tool or die. The article raised is pushed from the
lower die in the following manner:-A nearly horizontal connecting rod
situated at about the level of the lower die, is jointed at one end to the vertical
connecting rod which joins the treadle to the lever of the press, and at its
other end to a lever fixed to the lower die; when the foot is lifted from the
treadle the horizontal connecting rod is restored to the horizontal position
from which it had been displaced while the treadle was pressed upon by the
foot, and giving motion to the small lever on the lower die pushes the raised
article from the said lower die.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR TILLING LAND
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Michael Puddefoot at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th September
1862.
I, MICHAEL PUDDEFOOT, of Blisset Street, Greenwich, County of Kent,
Hat Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR TILLING LAND," to be as follows:-
My improved apparatus for tilling land consists of a truncated cone-like
piece, forming the body of the implement; this is mounted on an axis and in
a suitable frame, so as to turn in a rolling direction while passing over the
ground; the frame is furnished with handles to guide it like an ordinary
plough, and a beam or part to apply the tractive force on the cone piece or
body; at the large end I apply in radial positions what I term curved coulters
or tines, sharp on the one edge and thick on the other edge or back, and on
the other end I mount in a similar and radial position a series of what I term
shares, being spade-like instruments, which are set at an angle to the axis, and
so as in revolving to throw the soil on one side, that is, in the direction of the
length of the axis of cone, so as to form a furrow. This implement, in rolling
over the ground, causes the tines or coulters to enter and stir up the soil, while
at same time the spades or shares form the furrows; the tines and spades act
on different parts of the soil at same time, the tines during the one traverse of
the implement loosening and lightening the soil operated on in the subsequent
traverse by the spades.
IMPROVEMENTS IN C-SPRINGS FOR CARRIAGES WHEN USED WITHOUT A PERCH
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Dodge at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st January
1862.
I, JOHN DODGE, of Little Portland Street, in the County of Middlesex,
Carriage Builder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN C-SPRINGS FOR CARRIAGES WHEN USED WITHOUT A PERCH,"
to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to ensure the axles of carriages, in which
C-springs are used without a perch, being retained in their proper position,
and thereby to prevent the irregular running or wabbling of the wheels.
My Invention consists in applying two parallel rods by means of a clip on
the axle, and through a brace or braces to the free end of the C-spring; the
opposite ends of the parallel rods may be attached to the body of the carriage,
or may be otherwise attached.
AN IMPROVE- MENT IN OR ADDITION TO GLOVES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Michael Henry at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th May
1862. A communication from abroad by Hugues Michel Cheilley,
Philippine Antoinette Cheilley, and Philippe Cheilley, all of 20, Rue de
Grammont, Paris, France.
I, MICHAEL HENRY, of 84, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVE-
MENT IN OR ADDITION TO GLOVES," communicated to me from abroad by Hugues
Michel Cheilley, Philippine Antoinette Cheilley, and Philippe Cheilley, all
of 20, Rue de Grammont, Paris, France, to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is an improvement in or addition to gloves. For
this purpose the glove is formed with, or has attached to it at or near its edge
a band, strip, or narrow or shallow piece intended to lie around, about, or near
the wrist, and manufactured of kid, preferably soft or flexible kid, rendered
sufficiently firm or stiff by a lining of firm, stiff, or strong leather. The
farthest edge of the band or strip is angular or curved in a direction away
from or outward of the glove, when the glove is on the hand the angle or the
outermost point of the curve generally lies towards or over the centre of the
wrist or cuff, or farthest from the glove. The band or strip is preferably of a
self or single colour and stitched or sewn at the margin, but of course its
colour and ornamentation may be varied at pleasure.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CUTTING OR DIVIDING SOAP
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Smith at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th June
1862.
I, WILLIAM SMITH, of Number 48, Briggate, in Leeds, in the County of
York, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CUTTING OR DIVIDING SOAP," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in the combination of a stationary grooved stage or
rest for the soap intended to be cut or divided with, a moveable frame,
working on moveable or fixed centres, and containing a set of adjustable
knives or cutters. The stage or rest is fixed on a horizontal table, by
preference, in an inclined position, and the grooves are formed therein at
suitable distances apart. The moveable frame, which carries the cutters or
dividers, has its centres of motion also fixed (or, by preference, moveable)
to the horizontal table, and is worked by means of a handle at the end,
opposite to such centres of motion. The cutters or dividers consist of wires
tightly stretched and fixed in the frame or blades, corresponding in number
and relative distances apart with the grooves in the stage or rest. The
requisite adjustment of the cutters or dividers is effected by means of slots in
the frame, and tightening screws, or by other convenient means.
AN IMPROVED COMPOSITION FOR COATING WOOD, METAL, AND OTHER MATERIALS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Gibbins at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st January 1862.
I, JAMES GIBBINS, of No. 30, London Wall, in the City of London, Varnish
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED COMPOSITION FOR COATING WOOD, METAL, AND OTHER MATERIALS," to be
as follows:-
To boiled linseed oil, while at a high temperature, I add oxides of lead,
arsenic, caoutchouc in solution, borax and gum copal in solution, and at a suit-
able lower temperature I add to the above mixture sulphur and spirits of tur-
pentine. During the process of admixture the ingredients should be stirred
together. The proportions of the several ingredients will necessarily be varied
according to the purposes for which the composition is to be employed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CLOCKS AND OTHER TIMEKEEPERS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Victor Fleury, at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th April
1862.
I, VICTOR FLEURY, of No. 23, Rue de la Paix, in the City of Paris, in the
Empire of France, Clock Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CLOCKS AND OTHER TIMEKEEPERS," to be
as follows:
My improvements consist in arrangements forming a novel escapement..
which may be adapted to the usual clockwork. The wheel known as the-
escapement wheel is cut with ordinary teeth and moves a pinion; on the rod
of this pinion is placed a small flier, with from three to six long and slender
arms, according to the nature of the wheelwork and clock. The flier carries-
(towards its centre) as many pins as there are main arms. Each arm of the
flier has near its extremity a second small arm, a slight distance from the first..
All these arms carry at their end a small pin, which is intended to beat upon
a small stop-block, and prevent the wheelwork from running indefinitely,
When the clock is going the indexes pass in turn, and in these movements the
pins which the fly wheel carries near its centre lift and let fall alternately the
small ratch, which impels the pendulum commanding it either by an incline
or from the side or base. The strength of impulsion is proportioned to the
resistance of the pendulum by means of a screw weight on the rod of the
ratch. Once in action with the pendulum this power is constant;. or a

page_text: roller may be placed at the extremity of the arm of the ratch, which gives
the impulse. I have mentioned two indexes; the first beats when the ratch
is raised to its greatest height, but not falling; the second is on the block
during the impulsion. It is during the passage of the second index to the
stop block that the ratch leaves the pin which has lifted it, and presents
itself to give the impulsion. One single beat index may be put on to each
arm of the fly wheel by putting two stop blocks either in the ratchet or
towards the top of the pendulum.
IMPROVEMENS IN GAS STOVES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Browne at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd December 1862.
I, WILLIAM HENRY BROWNE, of No. 29, Alwyne Road, Canonbury, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENS IN GAS STOVES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in gas stoves. For this
purpose I arrange over a gas burner of a circular or other form, such as is
now commonly employed in gas stoves, a dome, either of fire-clay or stone or.
other similar mineral material which is a bad conductor of heat. This dome
covers the burner and absorbs the heat produced by the combustion of the gas,
which in turn it radiates off and communicates to the air with which it is in
contact. There is a hole in the top of the dome to allow the draft from the
gas burner to escape upwards. The burner and dome may be enclosed in an
ornamental case of metal or other material.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF PURIFYING SAND TO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GLASS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES WHERE SILICA IS USED
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Bennett Whitburn at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
November 1862.
I, HENRY BENNETT WHITBURN, of Orrell Colliery, in the County of Lan-
caster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
METHOD OF PURIFYING SAND TO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GLASS, AND FOR
OTHER PURPOSES WHERE SILICA IS USED," to be as follows:-
The improved material referred to is sand, such as is found in this country,
(treated as hereafter stated,) which sand in its impure native state is objection-
able for glass-making purposes and other purposes where silica is required, by
reason of its admixture with other ingredients, and hence foreign and purer
sand has hitherto been employed, which may now be superseded by my
improved material. The sand is to be treated by calcining or roasting it,
which may be effected in a variety of ways, for instance, in the open air or in
close stoves, ovens, or in heat chambers or vessels; and I could use for this
purpose the waste heat from furnaces, coke ovens, or other sources; the plan
I at present consider the most advisable being to provide a separate chamber
at top of a coke oven, thus economizing fuel. The foreign sand if containing
similar impurities might also be rendered an improved material for the
manufacturing purposes above named.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CHECK STRAPS, APPLICABLE TO LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Lord at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th January
1862.
I, EDWARD LORD, of Todmorden, in the County of York, Machine Maker,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CHECK STRAPS, APPLICABLE TO LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of check straps, and it consists in
applying vulcanized india-rubber or other suitable material to such check
straps for the purpose of rendering them elastic, so that when struck by the
picker or picker stick to propel the shuttle through the shed, they will expand
and be again in the proper position for checking the momentum of the picker
or picker stick.
In performing my Invention, I take a strap of leather or other suitable
material, and attach on the inner side thereof a piece of vulcanized india-
rubber or other elastic substance; the ends of the strap are perforated to fit
on the guide spindles, where spindles are employed, or they are attached to
the lay bottom, and bent towards each other in the form of a horse-shoe.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TEXTILE FABRICS, TECHNICALLY CALLED MOREENS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Robertshaw and Luther
Robertshaw at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 25th November 1862.
We, THOMAS ROBERTSHAW and LUTHER ROBERTSHAW, Manufacturers, both
of Bradford, Yorkshire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TEXTILE FABRICS, TECHNICALLY CALLED
MOREENS,'" to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in the substitution of jute or hemp for worsted to
form the weft in the manufacture of the fabrics technically called "moreens,"
that is to say, whereas hitherto fabrics known by this name have been manu-
factured with a worsted warp and worsted weft, under our Invention they will
be manufactured with a worsted warp and a weft composed either of jute or
of hemp.
The mode of manufacturing such fabrics is in other respects the same as
that now in use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CYLINDRICAL OR CIRCULAR BRUSHES OR ROLLERS FOR VARIOUS MANUFACTURING MACHINES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hugh McKenzie and Patrick
Ramsay at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 23rd June 1862.
We, HUGH MCKENZIE and PATRICK RAMSAY, of Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain, Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CYLINDRICAL OR CIRCULAR BRUSHES OR
ROLLERS FOR VARIOUS MANUFACTURING MACHINES," to be as follows, that is to
say:-
This Invention has for object to produce an improved cylindrical or circular
surface, which, according to the velocity of rotation imparted to it, will have
a brushing action or a frictional elastic adhesion, and which is susceptible of
useful application in various manufacturing machines wherein rotating brushes
or rollers are required.
The improved surface is produced by fixing short pins or projections of
elastic rubber, either vulcanised or unvulcanised, in the cylindrical or circular
surface of the rotatory brush or roller, and this backing surface may consist
of uncovered wood or other hard substance, or it may have a covering of
elastic rubber or other like material, through which the rubber pins are made
to project..
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WOVEN FABRICS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Sanderson and Robert
Sanderson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 14th July 1862.
We, PETER SANDERSON and ROBERT SANDERSON, both of Galashiels, in the
County of Selkirk, North Britain, Manufacturers, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
WOVEN FABRICS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN,"
to be as follows, that is to say: -
This Invention relates to the manufacture of a particular kind of cloth
suitable for wearing apparel. This cloth is woven in such manner that at
regular intervals a loop, is formed on the surface of the cloth, which imparts
a peculiar knotted appearance to the finished goods. These loops are formed
at predetermined distances asunder in the width of the fabric and at a
regular distance longitudinally by weaving a given number of shots of weft
between each transverse row of loops. Under one modification or system of
arrangement of the weaving mechanism to accomplish this object, a secondary
warp beam is arranged in convenient proximity to the ordinary beam; on this
second beani is wound the warp which is intended to form the loops in the
woven fabric. The yarn forming the warp on this beam is wound at regular
distances asunder, and a sufficient length of yarn is wound to allow for the
quantity taken up by the loops. In the weaving the loop warp is raised at
the required intervals by means of a separate heddle, which is operated by the

page_text: jacquard apparatus. When the loop warp is raised by the jacquard the loom
attendant slips a rod into the shed, which causes a series of loops to be
formed across the cloth when the next shot of weft is thrown in to bind down
the loops. The loop rod is now removed, and the loom goes on weaving the
cloth until the loop warp is again raised a sufficient height to form another!
row of loops. When the cloth manufactured in this way is finished and
pressed, these loops form a series of knots occurring at regular intervals,
presenting a very novel appearance.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER BLIND APPARATUS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Smith at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th March
1862.
I, RICHARD SMITH, of Shaw House, Melksham, in the County of Wilts,
Gentleman, and of Pensile, in the Parish of Minchinhampton, in the County
of Gloucester, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER BLIND APPARATUS," to be as follows:-
My improvements in apparatus for window roller blind apparatus consist
in suspending a weighted pulley in the lower double or bight of the cords
of such apparatus, which pulley may be confined in a vertical slide to guide
it, or it may hang loose. The cord or chain by which the weight is sus-
pended I either pass directly down and through the sole of the window
frame or divert it horizontally, by passing it under a pulley, thence through
the side lining of the window, and over another pulley, and from thence
the weight depends and applies the necessary force to impart the tension
to the cord desired. A weight so suspended at all times gives to any contrac-
tion of the cord, and also takes up any slack due to expansion, and so keeps a
uniform tension on the cord.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR HECKLING OR HACKLING FLAX AND OTHER FIBRES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Campbell at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th December
1862.
I, JAMES CAMPBELL, the younger, of Belfast, in the County of Antrim,
Ireland, Flax Spinner, do bereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR HECKLING OR HACKLING FLAX AND
OTHER FIBRES," to be as follows:-
The object of the improvements is to insure uniformity in the traverse of
the holders carrying the stricks of fibre, and consequent uniformity in the
operation of the teeth or hackles upon the fibre carried by various holders.
For this purpose I apply one or more stops or catches to the traversing means
in position to receive the holders, and control their position thereon, so as to
prevent any of the holders being pushed out of time along such traversing
means, and a consequent partial working of the fibre of such holders.
IMPROVED MECHANICAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR LETTING-OFF WATER OR OTHER LIQUIDS FROM BUTTS, VESSELS, OR CISTERNS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Rogers at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd January
1862.
I, GEORGE ROGERS, of Staines, in the County of Middlesex, Plumber, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MECHANICAL
ARRANGEMENTS FOR LETTING-OFF WATER OR OTHER LIQUIDS FROM BUTTS, VESSELS,
OR CISTERNS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in substituting for the ordinary spigot and faucet
tap, or other tap used to let off liquids from butts or other vessels and cisterns,
a pipe or duct inserted into the body of the same, angled so that an ordinary
short spindle drop valve may be adapted to the same within the said butts or
other vessels and cisterns, and thus, by being within the butt, vessel, or cistern
and at the furthermost or angle portion of the letting-off duct or tap, shall
insure the whole of same being kept empty except during the action of actually
letting off the liquid, thus avoiding the injurious effects of frost and insuring
great facility of action. To actuate the valve it will be necessary to have a
wire, cord, or chain attached to a lever arranged at top or other suitable part
of the butt or other vessel or cistern. To prevent leaves or other extraneous
matters choking the valve I place a strainer over the same. To avoid the
arrangements being shifted I have a flange plate, or I solder round the pipe
where it passes through the butt, vessel, or cistern.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CANDLES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Mosdell Smith at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
March 1862.
I, THOMAS MOSDELL SMITH; of High Street, Kensington, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CANDLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
candles, and consists in combining Japan or vegetable wax with paraffin, which
being melted together, either with or without other candle making materials,
make a valuable yet comparatively inexpensive candle stuff. It is preferred
that these matters should be melted by means of free steam, but they may be
otherwise melted.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN CARRIAGES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Offord at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th April 1862.
I, JOSEPH OFFORD, of Wells Street, Oxford Street, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN CARRIAGES," to be as follows, that is to say :-
My Invention relates to railway and other public vehicles, and to private
open and closed carriages of all kinds, but more particularly to those of the
class last mentioned. The object of the said Invention is by an improved
principle of construction to increase the strength, utility, and durability of the
parts, and to lessen the effects of concussion by improving the wheels, steps,
and parts in connection therewith. I improve the wheels by constructing
the nave stock or centre part of wrought iron forged, whole bored and
hardened so as to obviate the necessity for a separate axle box, and tapped so
as to receive the spokes, which I also make of wrought iron or other metal,
and screw into the nave. In forming the felloes or rim of the wheel, I
introduce a laminated principle of construction, using wood, vulcanite, india-
rubber, and iron or steel, or other suitable metal. I improve the steps
and parts thereof by fitting to the bottom of the door, upon a dead pin,
a radial bar or rod, jointed at the other end to a slide, made by preference
of copper or zink, and placed outside and under the carriage, and from
this slide or second bar or radial rod jointed upon dead pins, or otherwize
is attached a rising and falling step.. This step is so constructed and fitted
that the tread is considerably longer than the limb, so as to provide more space

page_text: or length for the foot, the extra tread being let in between the door and the
bottom side rail of the carriage floor, and made to rise and fall by the action
of the radial rods as the door opens and closes. The step is thus improved
and made self-acting and noiseless, and also acts, if necessary, as a stop to the
door. To lessen the effects of concussion in the wheels, I propose to introduce
a chemical combination of soft india-rubber, and vulcanite between the centre
of the axle box or iron nave and that portion of the nave which receives the
spokes. This I effect by covering an ordinary cast-iron axle box or a nave of
wrought iron, as before described, or of other metal, with two layers of vulcanite
separated by a layer of soft rubber, all chemically united in the process of
manufacture. In the outer layer is imbedded a ring of wrought iron or other
metal to receive the spokes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN UPRIGHT PIANOFORTES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Martin French at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th April 1862.
I, JAMES MARTIN FRENCH, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Pianoforte Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN UPRIGHT PIANOFORTES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists, firstly, in making the bracings of upright pianofortes
of tubes of wood. The said bracings are situated between the wrist plank and
the bent side and bottom, and have to support the pressure which the tension
of the wires exerts upon the said wrist plank and bent side and bottom. The
said bracings are ordinarily made of solid wood or metal. In making the said
bracings according to my Invention, I make them by preference of pine, and
in the form of tubes having four nearly equal sides; but I do not limit myself
to any particular kind of wood, nor any particular shape of tube.
My Invention consists, secondly, in making the sounding boards of upright
pianofortes of Swiss pine, or other wood, joined by vertical junctions, the said
junctions being covered by the belly bars of the sounding boards. By my
improvements a fuller quality of tone is obtained than that of upright
pianofortes having bracings and sounding boards of the ordinary construction.