An Improved Process of and Apparatus for Detaching from an End- less Line of Types or Matrices, Provisional Lines of any Length Susceptible of Justification.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 21st Apr., 1898-Accepted, 27th Aug., 1898
An Improved Process of and Apparatus for Detaching from an End-
less Line of Types or Matrices, Provisional Lines of any Length
Susceptible of Justification.
I, HUBERT BURG, of Mallkirch, near Rosheim, in the County of Alsace,
Germany, Clergyman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:...
My invention relates to a process of and an apparatus for detaching from an
endless line of types or matrices, provisional lines of any length susceptible of
being afterwards justified; and the special objects of my invention are, to provide
a process and an apparatus in which, first, the detaching of provisional lines
is performed automatically; second, the detaching of the said lines is controlled
exclusively by the endless line itself as it proceeds when being composed; and,
third, in which it will be possible to form paragraphs by detaching lines of any
smaller and such length as will be required in each case in order to end a para-
graph with a predetermined word.
The general object of my invention is to make independent of any special
method of composing, the formation of provisional unjustified lines ending with a
full word or with a syllable, and approaching as near as possible to one and the
same but any length required, so as to be possible by only afterwards justifying
the said lines by hand or by a justifying apparatus to bring them to the required
length.
The formation of such lines thus being rendered entirely independent of any
special method of composing types, the latter are only to be assembled to an
uniform endless line, and this may be done by hand or by a setting machine,
the latter being operated by an operator or quite automatically by a register
provided with marks or by a perforated strip as well known. But whilst hitherto
in the latter machines the strip will be prepared in its being perforated as con-
cerning the breaking of single lines as well as the justifying of the same in order
to control the formation of definitive justified lines of a predetermined length,
and lines of no other length can be composed by the action of the said strip,
nor corrections made without changing at the same time the line breaking and
the justifying holes, my process entirely dispenses with such inconveniences and
circumstantialities when using a perforated strip for composing types, as the strip
for my purposes does not need line breaking nor justifying holes, and any cor-
rections can be locally made by simply cutting out or pasting over the words to
be removed and by simply inserting a portion of strip containing any words
omitted, no regard to be had for any other portion of the strip.
When using a perforated strip, I provide the same with perforations for
character types, for provisional spaces and for provisional hyphen types between
the syllables of words. As concerning the latter it is not needed, although it may
be done, to provide on the strip perforations for hyphen types between each two
syllables, but it will generally suffice to provide such perforations between some-

page_text: what long syllables and to let in general unseparated two consecutive short
syllables. In the case of paragraphs being required to be marked in the matter
of composition I further provide the strip with perforations for special types
hereinafter called, end types.
When composing the endless line by hand or by means of a key board, spaces,
hyphen types, and if required end types are to be set at proper places of the
endless line.
My process is therefore based on an endless line of types or matrices containing
at proper places provisional spaces, provisional hyphen types, and end types if
required, no matter whether the endless line is composed by hand, by means of a
key board or quite automatically by means of a register. It further consists in
successively removing afterwards the provisional hyphen types from the endless
line beginning from its freely proceeding end, in successively detaching there-
from, after a space or a hyphen type, individual lines of a given length or near
so as much as possible and in retaining in a line one hyphen type in the case the
said line has been detached after that hyphen type thus ending the line, the
detaching being controlled and performed by the increasing of the endless line
itself, or by the end type in the case of paragraphs having to be marked.
My process will be fully understood from the following description of the
apparatus for carrying out the same and represented in the accompanying draw-
ings, in which Figure 1 is a side view of such an apparatus, Figure 2 a top
view, and Figures 3, 4 and 5 inclusive detail views thereof, Figures 6 to 23
represent modifications of my apparatus hereinafter fully explained.
Referring first to Figures 1 to 5 the endless line is assembled in a channel
consisting of two walls 1, 2, and a bottom 4, 5 Figure 3 longitudinally slotted
at 3, by means of a revolving disc 6 provided with a rubbing surface 7, the
several types 9. being supplied by an inclined channel 8 and set up by the disc
and by means of an abutment 10, the free end of the endless line thus proceeding
in the assembling channel. A galley 11 is provided at the left hand end of the
assembling channel consisting of a bottom plate 13 carrying walls 12 and parti-
tions 14 forming between each other channels 15 for the reception of the individual
detached lines. Channels 15 are closed at the right by movable slide pieces 16,
which are successively shifted towards the left by the entering of the detached lines
and on which the free ends of the lines bear, whilst the galley is shifted, after the
delivery of each line, a distance of two partitions.
Slide pieces 17 and 18 are longitudinally movable on the walls 1 and 2, piece 17
serving the purpose of detaching the individual lines and shifting the same into
the reach of piece 18, which immediately afterwards begins its travel towards the
left taking along with the line and delivering the same into the galley.
A spring actuated slide 20 is guided on a piece 19 of the framework in a per-
pendicular direction to the channel of the endless line, being released by passing
of a hyphen type to eject the same from the endless line.
In accordance with the rules of typography, individual lines cannot be detached
but after a space or a hyphen type, and in order to automatically perform the
detaching of the lines as well as the ejecting of the hyphen types by means of such
types they must be susceptible of mechanical action. For this purpose, I make the
said types of greater length than the character types so as to project at the upper
and at the under side from the line, differentiating too, the hyphen-types 21 by a
greater length from the spaces 22, Figure 1.
The main body 23 of both is of a rectangular form equal in size to the body
of the character types and provided with pin projections at both ends. All types
are supported by the bottom 4, 5, of the assembling channel, and the spaces and
hyphen types allowed of projecting downwards with their under pins through
slot 3.
The ejecting device for the hyphen types represented, Figure 2, in
top view, and Figure 3 sectional view on line xx of Figure 2 from
the richt is constructed and Worka
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page_text: on piece 19 and actuated towards the line by a spring 24. It is
provided with a pair of levers 26, 27, fixed to the ends of a spindle 25 movable
in slide 20, lever 27 forming one piece with a catch lever 28, 29. Levers 26, 27,
are provided with a step 30 and with projections 31 entering the path of pro-
jections of the hyphen types 21, but not that of the lower projections of the
spaces 22. The levers are kept in the position represented, Figure 2, by a
spring 32, the catch end 29 of lever 28 being caught and slide 20 thus locked by
a tooth 33 fixed to piece 19. But as the line proceeds and the projections of a
hyphen type strike the projections 31 of levers 26, 27, catch lever 28 will be
released and slide 20 driven forwards by the spring 24, the steps 30 of levers 26, 27,
taking along with the hyphen type and ejecting the same from the line into a
slot 34 of channel wall 1, from which it drops by gravity and may be delivered
to an assembling box or channel. Slide 20 is at once driven back to its normal
position and locked by catch 29 and tooth 33 until released again by the follow-
ing hyphen type, etc.
Slide 20 is driven back to its normal position, Figure 3, by the following
means. A wedge shaped friction clutch 35 covered with a rubbing material 37
is pivoted to and a wedge shaped rod 36 movable in the body of slide 20 and a
revolving disc 39 covered likewise with a rubbing material 38 is placed beneath
slide 20. In the position of the parts represented, Figure 3, rod 36 has been
shifted towards the left by striking with its end 41 against an adjustable abut-
ment 42, clutch 35 thus being released from rod 36 and slightly raised by a
spring not shown, so that no friction is developed between the rubbing sur-
faces 37, 38. Slide 20 released from catch lever 28, 29, is therefore free to
strike towards the left. By this the end 40 of rod 36 strikes against slide piece 18,
and the rod is shifted towards the right so as to bring into close contact
the rubbing surfaces 37, 38. Slide 20 will therefore at once be driven back to
its normal position and caught by catch lever 28, 29, rod 36 at the same time
being shifted towards the left by its end 41 striking against the abutment 42
and surfaces 37, 38 brought out of contact. As disc 39 revolves very quickly
the reciprocating movement of slide 20 is performed almost instantaneously,
the latter thus being always in working position whenever a hyphen type passes
by the same.
The detaching of individual lines is effected as follows: Slide piece 17 is
provided with a projecting arm 43, and a lever 44 actuated by a spring 46, is
pivoted to the end of arm 43 so as to enter with its hook shaped ends 47, 48,
into the path of the projecting types of the line, as soon as the pin 45 fixed to
lever 44 will be released from the stop pin 49 of the framework, Figure 2.
In the normal position of the parts represented in the drawing, slide piece 17
is caught against the pressure of a spring 50, Figure 1, by an adjustable abut-
ment 51 provided with a tooth 52 bearing against a tooth 53 of a lever 54. The
latter is mounted on a spindle journalled in an adjustable plate 55 together with
a lever 56 projecting with its roller end through a slot 551 of wall 1 into the
assembling channel of the endless line. Levers 54, 56 are kept in their normal
position by a spring coiled on their spindle.
The reciprocating movement of slide piece 17 is performed by the means
described with reference to slide 20, namely, Figure 1, revolving discs 57, 58,
provided with rubbing surfaces 59, 60, wedge shaped clutches 63, 64, having
rubbing surfaces 61, 62, and a common rod 65 wedge shaped at either end and
shifted accordingly by alternately striking the adjustable abutments 66, 67.
In the drawing, rod 65 takes its outmost left hand position, and clutch 63 is
depressed, but not in the reach of disc 57, and clutch 64 released, no friction being
developed between the surfaces 60, 62. If now abutment 52 is released by striking
lever 54, as hereinafter described, slide piece 17 will be forwarded towards the
left by spring 50 and the hook ends 47, 48, of lever 44 swing into the path of the
projecting types. Slide piece 17 thereby reaching with its clutch 63 disc 57 is
carried towards the left taking along with a portion of the line extending from

page_text: 56
its free end to the first projecting type against which hooks 47, 48, strike during
the travel of piece 17 i.c. with reference to the example represented in the draw-
ings, Figure 2, a portion of line extending from its left hand end to the hyphen,
type a which in the present instance is the first projecting type struck by
hooks 47, 48, in their travel. As disc 57 revolves but slowly, any hyphen types
occurring in the portion of the line extending from the ejecting levers 26, 27,
to the hooks 47, 48, will likewise be ejected during the travel of slide piece 17,
however, with the only exception of one hyphen type in the case this type should
happen to end the line and to be grasped by the hooks 47, 48, as supposed in the
drawing, Figure 2, with respect to the hyphen type "a." This is effected by
withdrawing from the path of the hyphen types the projections 31 of the ejecting
levers 26, 27, during the passage of hooks 47, 48, and is performed by a stud 68
of slide piece 17 reaching timely the arm 69 of a two armed lever, the other catch
arm 70 of which then releases a two armed lever 71, 72, actuated by a strong
spring and withdrawing the ejecting levers by striking with arm 72 against
a roller 721 of slide 20. In the case the first projecting type. grasped by
hooks 47, 48, happens to be a space the detached line will be obviously end with that
space. The detached individual line will therefore be broken either after a
full word or a syllable, as required.
Slide 17 reaches its outmost left hand position and will be quickly reciprocated
towards the right, as soon as rod 65, Figure 1, strikes against abutment 66,
clutch 63 thus being released and clutch 64 depressed into close contact with
disc 58. During the return stroke of slide 17 hooks 47, 48 slip over any pro-
jecting types which should occur, and lever 71, 72, is turned back to its normal
position by a roller 74 of slide piece 17 and caught again by catch lever 69, 70.
As then rod 65 strikes against the abutment 67, clutch 64 is released and
brought out of contact with disc 58. Slide piece 17 is therefore stopped and
shifted a little distance towards the left by the pressure of the compressed
spring 50 but at once caught and retained in its normal position by lever 54
which in the meanwhile has assumed its locking position with its tooth 53 in
front of abutment 52.
It may be observed that in accordance with Figure 3, slide piece 17 could be
shifted but in one direction by the means described, and in the other by a spring
or a weight.
As above mentioned, slide piece 17 will be released to perform its function by
striking lever 54. This is effected by the proceeding of the endless line in the
assembling channel as soon as its foremost end reaches and strikes lever 56, and
in order to detach individual lines of a given length or near so as much as possible,
plate 55 carrying levers 54, 56 and abutment 51 are accordingly adjusted, so
that the space from the roller end of lever 56 to the hooks 47, 48, equals the
said length or surpasses the same a distance which can be made up by justifying.
For this purpose, plate 55 and abutment 51 are provided with set screws 77, 78,
and wall 1 of the assembling channel and arm 43 fitted with screw holes corre-
sponding to the different lengths of lines.
From the foregoing it will be clear that by means by the hooks 47, 48, there
are successively detached from the proceeding endless line portions ending with
a full word or with a syllable and approaching in length as near as possible
to a given length to which all the detached lines can be brought by justifying.
For the said hooks always grasp the first projecting type they reach in its travel
towards the left, and the line is therefore always broken after the outmost word
or syllable allowed to enter the line. The lines detached and shifted towards the
left by slide piece 17 are grasped by a pawl 79 pivoted to the slide piece 18 and
entering in its working position 791 the assembling channel through a lateral
slot. As soon as slide piece 17 reaches its outmost left hand position, slide
piece 18 will be released taking along with the line by means of pawl 79, deliver-
ing the same to the galley, and then returning at once to its normal position
represented in the drawings. This is effected by the means represented, Figure 4,

page_text: in side view, and Figure 5 showing a front view of Figure 4 from the left, the
assembling channel represented, Figure 5, being omitted in Figure 4 for the sake
of clearness, as it would cover slide piece 18. The latter is longitudinally guided
on the wall 2 of the assembling channel, Figures 2 and 5, and provided with
teeth, not shown, on its lower edge engaging with a toothed wheel 80 loosely
mounted on a revolving shaft 83. A pulley 81 is fixed to the toothed wheel
supporting a weight actuated belt 82 and a three armed pawl 85, 86, 87, pivoted
to wheel 80 to engage with a ratchet wheel 84 fixed to shaft 83. The pawl is
actuated by a spring piece 88 fixed to wheel 80 in such manner that the spring
keeps the pawl in position as well when out of engagement with the ratchet
wheel, Figure 4, as when in engagement therewith, in the latter case edge 89 of
spring piece 88 bearing against the outmost edge of lever arm 87 and actuating
pawl 85 towards the ratchet wheel. The contact surfaces of spring piece edge 89
and lever 87 are so shaped that by the slightest movement of arm 86 towards
the right end 89 of spring piece 88 will be deprived of its support, thus grasping
arm 87 from its outside and suddenly and fully releasing arm 85 from its engage-
ment with the ratchet wheel.
Figure 4 shows the several parts in their normal position. If now slide piece 17
reaches its outmost left hand position, an arm 90 indicated, Figure 4, and laterally
projecting from slide piece 17 strikes lever arm 86 and brings pawl 85 into
engagement with ratchet wheel 84; wheel 80 will therefore be taken along with
carrying slide piece 18 towards the left, and raising the weight suspended on
belt 82. By this movement a pin 91 fixed to slide piece 18 is brought to
the dotted position 91', whilst wheel 80 has performed a complete revolution and
lever arm 86 strikes pin 911. But the end of arm 86 moving faster than.pin 911
(the speed of the latter corresponding to the speed of the pitch circle of wheel 80,
and the end of arm 86 moving on a larger circle), arm 86 will be pressed towards
the right and armı 85 therefore suddenly brought out of engagement with ratchet
wheel 84, as heretofore described. In consequence thereof the weight on belt 82
is allowed to descend by gravity, driving back wheel 80 and slide piece 18 to
their normal position towards the right.
It has been mentioned heretofore that when using a perforated strip for compos-
ing the endless line it is not needed to provide on the strip perforations for hyphen
types between each two syllables, but that it should in general suffice to let
unseparated two consecutive short syllables. One can go farther in this respect
when the endless line will be composed by an operator at a keyboard or by hand.
For the ending of an individual line being marked in my apparatus by that
the beginning of the endless line approaches to lever 56 the operator is always
enabled by looking to the assembling channel to defer the setting of hyphen
types to the just moment they are required and to timely stop the setting of
such types when superfluous. He will therefore, in order to economise time,
not begin therewith before the endless line approaches to lever 56 and stop
the insertion of hyphen types as soon as the individual line reaches this lever
which moreover could be indicated by a bell signal.
It remains to describe the means for detaching individual lines of shorter
length ending paragraphs. When composing by means of a perforated strip,
the end of such a line is to be marked by a separate hole combination supplying
an end type 92, Figure 1, provided with a larger pin projection than the spaces
and the hyphen types so as to project from the line beyond the spaces and
hyphens. The said end type is controlled by a special key, when setting by means
of a key board. As the corresponding individual line must be detached after the
end type, slide piece 17 is to be released,, as soon as an end type passes by the
hooks 47. 48. For this purpose there are mounted two levers 94, 95, on a
spindle 93 journalled in channel wall 1, and two rollers 96, 97, are provided at
the ends of the said levers entering in close proximity of hooks 47, 48, the path
of the most projecting end types, but not that of the spaces nor of the hyphen
types. Another lever 98 is fixed to spindle 93 bearing against a stud 99 of

page_text: lever 54. By these means lever 54 is actuated and slide piece 17 deprived of its
support and released whenever an end type passes rollers 96, 97 and strikes the
lever system 94, 95, 98. In order to uniformly actuate stud 99 by lever 98 in
whatever position plate 55 has been adjusted the working edge 100 of lever 98
assumes a parallel position with respect to the channel wall, thus being always in
contact with stud 99. Lever 98 is kept in its normal position by lever 54 and by
the above mentioned spring coiled on the latter.
When slide piece 17 performs its stroke, hooks 47, 48 pass by the rollers 94, 95,
which leave a sufficient space for the passage of the hooks whilst the ejecting
device is stopped, as heretofore described, on the passage of the end type grasped
by the hooks and thus retained in the line.
In order to carry the individual lines into the galley all types projecting from
the bottom of the assembling channel must be raised before entering the galley
as they would otherwise strike against its bottom. This is effected by a spring
actuated lever 102, 103, Figure 1, pivoted to the bottom plate of the galley and
quickly oscillated by a very fast revolving eccentric disc 104 of very slight
eccentricity.
As the projecting types pass the tapering end 105 of the said lever they will
be quickly and yet successively raised, whereby the raising of the adjacent types
is prevented by the rapidity of the oscillations or may be excluded by friction
between the types and the channel walls.
In Figures 6 to 23 inclusive I have represented modifications of my invention.
In the modification represented Figure 6, corresponding to the middle portion
of Figure 2, the hyphen types are removed from the line by a pusher 108 oscillated
by means of a spring actuated lever 107 and a fast revolving eccentric disc 106.
Pusher 108 is pivoted to lever 107 and actuated by a spring 109 towards the line
and at the same time kept in contact with a roller 110, overlapping with its forked
end slide piece 18 and channel wall 2 and reciprocated across the path of the pro-
jections of the hyphen types. By these means a hyphen type passing by the
pusher will be removed from the line by its reciprocating forked end into a
slot 111 of channel wall 1 wherefrom it drops by gravity. As the pusher is pivoted
to lever 107, the endless line is allowed to proceed without trouble during the
re-motion of a hyphen type, and this may be further facilitated by the shape of
slot 111 represented, Figure 7, and the correspondingly shaped body of the
hyphen type 112. As the slot is enlarged at its ends and the type recessed at 113,
the type can be ejected without trouble during its travel from the position
indicated, Figure 7, left hand, to that indicated Figure 7, right hand without
being necessary to enlarge the slot throughout its length and thus afford the
possibility of thin character types adjacent to the hyphen types being wrongly
ejected together with the latter.
In order to stop the action of pusher 108 on the passage of hooks 47, 48, an
abutment 114 is provided to slide piece 17 timely entering the path of a projec-
tion 115 of the pusher and intercepting the same.
In the modifications represented Figure 8 to 17 inclusive, the hyphen types
are ejected longitudinally from above to below or vice-versa.
In the modifications represented Figure 8, side view corresponding to Figure 1,
a pusher 119 is pivoted to a spring actuated lever 116 and oscillated by a fast
revolving eccentric disc 120. The pusher is actuated by the spring 117 towards
the line and at the same time kept in contact with a roller 118. When the line
passes underneath the pusher, the projecting types are struck and as the spaces c
Figure 10, and the end types d Figure 10, are prevented by their rectangular
body leaving the line through the slotted bottom 4, 5, of the assembling channel,
only the cylindrical hyphen types e will be ejected by the pusher. A rail 123 extend-
ing beneath slot 3 prevents the hyphen types dropping out of the assembling channel
before reaching the proper ejecting point, and strips 126, 127, are provided
to the upper edges of channel walls 1, 2, Figure 9, in order to guide them in an
upright vertical position. The upper reduced portions of the spaces c and end

page_text: types d, Figure 10, are accordingly lengthened towards below in order to allow
of raising these types as required to the bottom level of the galley.
An abutment 124 is provided to slide piece 17 timely intercepting pusher 119
by means of its stud 125 and stopping its action for the purpose repeatedly
mentioned.
As concerning the recess f, Figure 10 (and likewise Figure 14) provided in the
body of the end types d (d) its object will be explained in the following descrip-
tion with respect to Figures 15 to 17.
When using a strong spring 117 the hyphen types are forced out of the
assembling channel by the simple stroke of the pusher. However I prefer to
use a slight spring depressing only the hyphen types so that they enter between
pair of fast revolving friction rollers 121, 122, Figure 9, and then are fully
withdrawn by the action of these rollers.
a
In the modification represented, Figure 11, the hyphen types el are shaped as
appearing in side view from Figure 12, and ejected out of the assembling channel
from below to above. The ejecting device being of the same construction as
described with reference to Figure 8 similar parts have been indicated by similar
indexed numerals, a further description not being deemed necessary. As the
lower reduced portion of the hyphen types el projects beyond the spaces c¹ and the
end types Figure 14 the latter are not struck by the reciprocating pusher,
whilst the hyphen types raised by the pusher stroke enter between and are with-
drawn by the fast revolving friction rollers 121, 1221. In order to prevent any
adjacent character type from being wrongly withdrawn by friction, channel
wall Figure 12, is provided on its inner side with a rib 128 and the type
characters guided thereon by a nick, whilst the recessed hyphen type, Figure 12,
is not retained by rib 128.
The types withdrawn by rollers 1211 1221 enter between tapes 129, 130,
Figure 13, provided above the rollers and are carried upwards by the tapes until
they are delivered at their upper end and tilted, as indicated by an arrow, so as
to lie flat and descend by gravity in a channel 131 from which they may be
delivered to an assembling box or an assembling channel.
In Figures 15 to 17 inclusive corresponding respectively to Figures 1 to 3, I
have represented a complete apparatus of my invention provided with an ejecting
device of the kind described heretofore with reference to Figure 8 and with a
modified arrangement for detaching short lines ending a paragraph, the latter
arrangement corresponding to the modified shape of the end types dd, Figures 10
and 14. So far as the feature of my invention represented Figures 15 to 17
corresponds to Figures 1 to 3 and to Figure 8 similar parts are indicated by
similar numerals and the working of those parts is the same as described with
reference to the said figures. It will therefore suffice to describe the arrangement
and the working of the said modified part of the invention.
In this modification, the spindle carrying the levers 54 and 56 as heretofore
described is further provided with a lever 132 and actuated by a spring 133, a
projection 134 of lever 132 fixing the normal position of the said lever system. A
lever 135 pivoted to the framework is loosely connected to lever 132 by a rod 136,
and a pin 137 projecting from lever 135 enters a recess 138 of a spring actuated
pusher 140 oscillated by the fast revolving eccentric disc 139 and guided at one
end on the shaft of this disc and at the other end 141 in an opening of channel
wall 1. Pusher 140 is forced towards the assembling channel by a spring 142,
and the recess 138 of the pusher gives play to the pin 137 in such manner that
lever 135 is free to perform its stroke whenever actuated from lever 56 by
rod 136, and on the other hand lever 135 will not be actuated by the stroke of
pusher 140 unless this stroke surpasses a certain extent. Slide piece 17 is pro-
vided with an opening 143 Figure 15 in order to not be obstructed in its movement
by pusher 140.
The end types, Figures 10 and 14 are deeply recessed at f and pass with this
recess by the reduced pusher end 141 when proceeding with the line. As the

page_text: pusher continuously and rapidly oscillates it enters recess f and performs a large
stroke, surpassing the above-mentioned extent so as to actuate lever 135 by means
of pin 137 whenever an end type passes by the pusher end, whilst on the passing
by of a character type (not recessed) or a hyphen type e, Figure 9, receding but
slightly behind the character types but a comparatively short stroke can be per-
formed by pusher 140 and lever 135 will not be actuated.
The stroke of lever 135 being transferred by rod 136 to levers 132, 54, the latter
releases the abutment 51, 52, on arm 43 of slide piece 17 which therefore begins to
perform its stroke towards the left. At the same time hooks 47, 48 enter the
endless line grasping the end type and detaching the individual line after that
end type as required to make it an ending line of a paragraph. The detaching of
individual lines of full length is performed as heretofore described, by means of
lever 56 not obstructed in its action by pusher 140 whenever the endless line reaches
the said lever. Holes 145 provided at the left hand end of rod 136 correspond to
the above mentioned screw holes 75, 76, of arm 43 and channel wall 1 serving the
purpose to accordingly lengthen or shorten the distance between levers 132 and
135 when adjusting the apparatus for different lengths of lines.
In order to prevent the hyphen types from accidentally dropping out of the
assembling channel, strips 146, 147 are provided underneath slot 3 extending from
either side of the rollers 121, 122. The latter are mounted on fast revolving shafts
journalled in bearings 148, 149, 150 and motion is imparted to the said shafts by
means of pulleys 151. A funnel 152, Figure 17, is provided beneath rollers 121, 122
to receive the ejected hyphen types and to deliver them to an assembling receptacle.
Figures 18 to 23 represent modifications of the apparatus heretofore described
showing at the same time means for measuring the length of the individual
detached lines and registering the number of spaces contained therein with respect
to a justifying device to be conveniently combined with my apparatus.
Figures 18 and 19 are a side view and a top view corresponding to Figures 1
and 2 or Figures 15 and 16 respectively. Figures 20 and 21 sectional views on
lines x- and y-y of Figure 19 respectively seen from the right, and Figures 22
and 23 a rear view and a sectional view on line z-z of Figure 18 respectively of
a detail hereinafter fully explained.
The slide piece 171 for detaching individual lines is guided on rods 153, 154
carrying on a movable spindle 155, spring actuated levers 44', 44" provided with
grasping projections 471, 481. In the normal position of slide piece 17' represented
in the drawing, projections 471, 481, are withdrawn from the line by a stop pin 156.
Slide piece 171 is actuated towards the left by a weight 158 attached thereto by
means of a cord 157 or by a spring, and locked against the strain thereof by a two
armed catch lever 159, 160, bearing with a lateral projection 161 against an abut-
ment 162 of the slide piece. Another cord 163 is connected to the latter and wound
on a cord pulley 801 loosely mounted on a revolving shaft 83, the latter carrying a
ratchet wheel 84¹ fixed thereto. Pulley 80 is provided with a three armed pawl
lever 85, 86, 871, controlled by a spring piece 881 891 in the same manner as
described with respect to Figure 4, pawl 85' being out of engagement with ratchet
wheel 84¹ in the position of slide piece 17' represented in the drawing. If now
abutment 162 is released from the catch lever arm 159, slide piece 17' will be drawn
towards the left and the grasping ends 47, 48, of levers 44, 44", enter the line
detaching and taking along with a portion of the line.
As slide piece 17 performs its stroke towards the left, pulley 80¹ is carried
round by cord 163 and stopped together with the slide piece by lever arm 861
finally striking against the portion A' of the frame plate A and thereby causing
pawl 85 to engage with the ratchet wheel. Pulley 80 is therefore taken along
in the opposite direction and slide pice 171 carried back towards the right to its
normal position until lever arm 861 strikes the opposite porton A of frame
plate A releasing thereby again pawl 85' from the ratchet wheel. At the same time
projection 161 of catch lever 159 catches the abutment 162 of the slide piece
locking the same against the pull of the weight.

page_text: A sup-
Slide piece 171 is released to perform its stroke by the following means.
port 167 is guided on rods 153, 154 actuated towards the right by a weight 166
and cord 165 or by a spring, and provided with a hook-shaped spring actuated
supporting lever 164 entering the assembling channel through a slot of wall 1,
and bearing against the free end of the proceeding endless line. Lever 164 is
caught against the pressure of its spring 179 by a spring actuated catch
lever 181, 182 and support 167 provided with a stud 168-being upon the level of
a roller 169 mounted to the end of lever arm 160 of the above mentioned catch
lever 159, 160. As therefore support 167 proceeds together with the increasing
line, roller 169 will be struck upwards and thereby abutment 162 of slide piece 171
released from the catch lever arm 159 by passing of stud 168 underneath roller 169.
By these means, a corresponding portion from the endless line will be detached,
and in order to detach a portion of a predetermined length (as required with
respect to the given definitive length of the line after justification) stud 168 can be
adjusted by means of a set of holes 170 provided in the body of support 167.
Slide piece 18 is controlled by a weight 176 and a cord 175 or by a spring and
on the other hand by a cord 177 passing on a cord pulley 80 provided with a three
armed pawl lever 85, 86, 8711 and a spring piece 88, 8911 and by a ratchet
wheel 841 mounted on shaft 831, as described with respect to slide piece 17'.
In its normal position slide piece 18¹ is caught against the pull of weight 176 by
a catch 174 of a two armed catch lever 172, 173. It is released from the said catch
to perform its stroke towards the left by a pin 171 of slide piece 171 striking
against lever arm 172 This takes place when the detached line has been shifted
by the slide piece 171 towards the left beyond the end of spring pawl 791, slide
piece 171 then returning to its normal position and the line being forwarded and
delivered to the galley by pawl 79 during the left hand stroke of slide piece 18'.
It may be observed that instead of connecting slide piece 17' to pulley 80', and
slide piece 18 to pulley 80 by means of cords 163, 177, as represented in the
drawings, any other convenient connecting means may be made use of, as for
instance a gearing by providing the pulleys with teeth and fixing toothed racks
to the slide pieces to mesh with the gear pulleys.
For reasons hereinafter explained the line will be stopped before entering the
galley, and this is effected by an abutment 204 temporarily entering the assembling
channel and locked in its position. Until reaching the said abutment, the line
bears against the supporting lever 164 of the support 167, taking along with the
same. The latter then having performed its function, is to be restored to its
normal position in order to serve again as a support for the proceeding endless line
and to control the detaching of a new line portion. This is effected by a stop
pin. 183 by striking against which lever arm 182 of the catch lever 181, 182, is
thrown out of position against the pressure of spring 180, thus releasing lever
arm 164 which is thrown out of the path of the line by the spring 179. Support 167
thus being released is carried back towards the right to its normal position by the
pull of weight 166, and in reaching the same, lever arm 178 strikes against a stop
pin 184 so as to enter again the line and to allow catch lever 181 to assume again
its locking position in order to catch lever 164.
The abutment 204 being adjustable for reasons hereinafter explained with respect
to the predetermined length of lines, stop pin 183 can accordingly be adjusted by
means of a set of holes 183¹.
The ejecting device for the hyphen types consists of a spring actuated slide 20¹
guided on the frame piece 191 and provided with levers 261, 271 the hyphen types
being pulled out of the line through a slot 185 of wall 2 by means of the hook
shaped ends of the levers. The slide is caught against the pressure of its spring 24¹
by catches 291 2911 of lever arms 281 281 bearing against teeth 331, 33, of piece 191
and released by the pin projections of the hyphen types, as heretofore described.
Slide 20¹ is restored to its locked position by means of a spring actuated friction.
roller 186 eccentrically pivoted to the slide body and by a friction disc 189 mounted
on a revolving shaft 190, the latter passing through a slot 191 of slide 20'. The

page_text: latter having been released and performing its stroke, roller 186 will be brought
into frictional contact with disc 189 and carried round by friction. But in conse-
quence of its being eccentrically pivoted, slide 20¹ at the same time is shifted
towards its normal position, the catch ends 291 2911 of levers 28¹ 2811 passing thereby
beyond teeth 331 331. Roller 186 thus having performed half a revolution,
slide 20¹ begins again to recede, but will be immediately caught by the teeth 331 33",
no friction being further developed between roller 186 and disc 189. But as
roller 186 then necessarily has been carried round beyond half a revolution,
spring 188 assumes a working position with the effect to complete the revolution
of roller 186 thus being restored to its initial position and ready to perform its
function the next time.
The ejecting device must be made inoperative, as heretofore explained, by passing
of a hyphen type grasped by the lever projections 47' 48. In the present modifica-
tion this is directly effected by the levers 44, 44", the free ends thereof then
travelling in the path of the hook ends of levers 26¹, 27', and striking the latter
before the grasped hyphen type enters the recesses of the said levers. Slide 20¹
thereby being released, the levers perform their stroke without being capable of
pulling out the hyphen type.
It may be desirable to combine my apparatus with a justifying device, as the
detached lines necessarily must be afterwards justified, and on the other hand the
final object of my invention is to detach from an endless line individual line
portions susceptible of being afterwards justified. With that view it is of impor-
tance to control the length of each detached line portion and to register the
number of provisional spaces contained therein, in order to adjust in accordance
therewith the main parts of the justifying apparatus and thus enable the same to
perform the justifying of each individual line.
I have therefore provided in the present modification of my invention means for
controlling the length of each line portion and for registering the number of pro-
visional spaces contained in such a line portion. To the latter purpose, I have
provided a spring actuated slide 20* guided on the frame piece 19 carrying feeler
levers 26 27 with catch lever extensions 28, 29, 28**, 29** to be caught by
teeth 33 33**, substantially as shown and described with respect to the ejecting
device for the hyphen types. However in the present instance the function of the
feeler levers is not to act upon the spaces but on the contrary to be actuated by
the spaces to the only purpose of releasing once slide piece 20* by each space passing
thereby.
Levers 26 27 are provided at their ends with upwards and respectively down-
wards projecting plates 192, 193, entering the path of the pin projections of the
spaces, and to slide 20* are fixed stop pieces provided with knife edges 194, 195,
the latter following immediately the plates 192, 193, and forming prolongations of
the said plates in the unlocked position of levers 26, 27. By these means,
levers 26, 27, being struck against the pressure of their springs by a space
reaching plates 192, 193, slide 20% will be released and perform its stroke towards
the assembling channel, the pin projections of the space thereby being released
from plates 192, 193, but immediately intercepted by the knife edges 194, 195,
whilst the levers 20*27* are immediately restored by their springs to their position
towards the right. As now slide 20 is at once driven back, plates 192, 193 pass
freely on the right of the pin projections yet supported on the left by the knife
edges 194, 195, the line thus being prevented to proceed a step unless plates 192, 193
enter the path of the pin projections of the spaces and assume their working
position with respect to the next following space. The described means are some-
what similar to the well known typewriter escapement.
Slide 20 is driven back to its normal position by the same means as described
and shown with respect to slide 20¹, i.e. by a friction roller 186, a spring 188*
controlling the same, and a friction disc 189* on shaft 190 passing through a
slot 191 of slide 20.
By passing of a line portion slide 20* therefore will perform as many strokes as

page_text: there are word spaces in a line, or properly speaking, one stroke too many, as there
is a space type or a hyphen type at the end of each line portion. However, this
being the case for each line, no inconvenience will be involved therein with respect
to the justifying apparatus to which the strokes of slide 20³ are transferred by any
convenient means.
The length of the individual line portions is controlled as follows: A slide
piece 197 guided in the assembling channel and by a projection 1971 in a slot 196
of channel wall 2 is loosely connected by a screw 198 to a rod 200 fixed to slide
piece 181, the upper enlarged portion of the screw shaft passing through a slot 199
of the rod, as shown Figures 18, 19, and Figure 22, rear view from the left
hand end of Figure 18. Slide piece 197 whenever shifted towards the left thus
will be brought to its normal position, indicated in the drawing, by slide piece 18¹
when the latter assumes its normal position, and is temporarily locked in that
position against moving towards the left by a bar 201 Figures 19, 20 guided in the
frame portion B and controlled by a forked lever 206 mounted on a square rod 207.
A plate 203 Figures 18, 19, 23 provided with an angular abutment 204 and con-
nected to a guide plate 202 can be fastened to slide piece 197 by means of the
shouldered portion of the above mentioned screw 198 and adjusted thereto,
accordingly to the predetermined length of line by means of a set of screw
holes 205, Figure 18, provided in the combined parts 202, 203. Rod 207 is
journalled in a support of the frame portion B and in a support C and carries two
adjustable tappets 208, 209 provided with invertedly inclined and oppositely
projecting ribs 210, 211, the latter being alternately struck by a roller 212 of slide
piece 17 in such a manner that during the travel of slide piece 171 towards the
left, tappet 208 will be struck from below and rod 207 accordingly turned and
bar 201 shifted into its locking position, so as to intercept slide piece 197 from the
left, whilst during the travel of slide piece 171 towards the right tappet 209 is
struck from above and slide piece 197 released from the locking bar.
By these means a line portion having been detached by slide piece 171 and
carried into the reach of pawl 79", if now the latter performs its stroke towards
the left, it will be stopped together with the line reaching the abutment 204.
The line thus bearing against the latter, the above mentioned supporting lever 164
of support 167 becomes dispensable and is therefore disengaged from the line;
as heretofore described, and the line is kept stationary for a time; and as all the
successively detached line portions thereby assume a position, in which their left
hand ends rest at one and the same point of the assembling channel (abutment 204
being an invariable stop), they can obviously be measured as to length from the
right. This is effected by a spring actuated slide piece or a lever 214 Figures 18, 19
permanently kept in contact with a stud 213 of slide piece 18. During the still
stand period of each line lever 214 is therefore adjusted in accordance with its length
and the corresponding stroke of the lever is transferred by any convenient means
to the justifying apparatus thus controlled by the individual line portions. In
the meanwhile, slide piece 17' performs its travel towards the right disengaging
abutment 204 by passing of its roller 212 by the tappet:209, and the line is now
forwarded and delivered to the galley until slide piece 18' reaches its outmost left
hand position.
As now slide piece 18¹ begins its travel towards the right by the means heretofore
described, abutment 204 will remain stationary for a time, by reason of its slot
connection with rod 200, allowing thus of shifting the line upwards or sidewards
out of the way of the abutment on its travel towards the right, and is then taken
along with by slide piece 181 until both reach their normal right hand positions.
In the meanwhile, the endless line proceeds in the assembling channel causing all
parts of the apparatus to work again in the described succession and manner.
Abutment 204 is recessed at 215, Figure 23, in order to allow. supporting
lever 164 of passing through and being disengaged just as the line reaches the
abutment.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. The process of forming provisional individual lines of types or matrices
reducible by justification to definitive lines, which consists in composing an endless
line, setting provisional spaces and provisional hyphen types when composing the
endless lines, successively removing therefrom the hyphen types, successively
detaching from the endless line individual line portions of a given length or near
so and ending with a space or a hyphen type, and in the latter case retaining in the
detached line portion the one hyphen type ending the line, the detaching of the
individual line portions being controlled by the increasing endless line.
2. A modification of the process claimed under Claim 1 which consists in setting
spaces, hyphen types, and end types to end paragraphs when composing the endless
line; and in detaching therefrom short lines ending a paragraph, the detaching
of such lines being controlled by the end types.
3. A composing register for carrying out the process claimed under Claims 1
and 2 if composing the endless line by means of a register, the said register being
provided with marks for selecting character types, provisional spaces and hyphen
types, and end types respectively, but not provided with justifying nor with line
breaking marks.
4. An apparatus for carrying out the process claimed under Claims 1 and 2
respectively, consisting of an assembling channel for the endless line, an ejecting
device for ejecting hyphen types from the endless line, means for actuating the
ejecting device, a slide piece for detaching individual line portions from the endless
line provided with a gripper, means for reciprocating the said slide piece, another
slide piece for receiving the detached line portion and delivering the same to a
galley, means for reciprocating the latter slide piece, and means for temporarily
suspending the action of the ejecting device.
5. The combination of the apparatus claimed under Claim 4 with a space
registering device intermittingly reciprocated by the spaces of the detached line
portion.
6. The combination of the apparatus claimed under Claim 4 with a line
measuring device controlled by an abutment for temporarily stopping the detached
line portion.
7. A feature of the ejecting device claimed under Claim 4, consisting of a spring
actuated slide, means for locking the slide, a lever or levers pivoted to the same
and entering the path of projections of the hyphen types projecting from the
endless line, a step provided at the end of the lever or levers, means for releasing
the slide by the lever action, a slot provided in the wall of the assembling channel
opposite to the spring actuated slide, and means for temporarily withdrawing the
line entering lever or levers from the path of the hyphen type projections.
8. A feature of the ejecting device claimed under Claim 4, consisting of a spring
actuated slide, means for locking the slide, a lever or levers pivoted to the same
and entering the path of projections of the hyphen types projecting from the endless
linc, a hook provided at the end of the lever or levers, means for releasing the slide
by the lever action, a slot provided in the wall of the assembling channel opposite
to the spring actuated slide, and means for temporarily deflecting the line entering
lever end or ends beyond the hyphen type projections.
9. A feature of the ejecting device claimed under Claim 4, consisting of an
oscillating spring actuated pusher, projections provided to the pusher end and
reciprocated across the path of projections of the hyphen types projecting from the
endless line, means for oscillating the pusher and at the same time reciprocating
the said pusher projections, a slot provided in the wall of the assembling channel,
and means for temporarily intercepting the pusher and preventing its projec-
tions entering the path of the hyphen type projections.
10. A feature of the ejecting device claimed under Claim 4, consisting of an
oscillating spring actuated pusher provided above or below the assembling channel

page_text: and striking the projections of the hyphen types projecting from the endless line,
means for oscillating the said pusher, and means for temporarily intercepting the
pusher and preventing it striking the hyphen type projections.
11. A feature of the ejecting device claimed under Claim 4, consisting of an
oscillating spring actuated pusher, provided above or below the assembling channel
and striking the projections of the hyphen types projecting from the endless line,
means for oscillating the said pusher, means for temporarily intercepting the
pusher and preventing it striking the hyphen type projections, a pair of friction
rollers provided below or above the assembling channel, and means for rotating the
said friction rollers.
12. A feature of the space registering device claimed under Claim 5, consisting
of a spring actuated slide, means for locking the same, a lever or levers pivoted
to the slide and entering the path of projections of the spaces, a stop projecting
from the end of the lever or levers, a stop piece or stop pieces fixed to and projecting
from the slide and extending to the rear of the lever stops, and means for
releasing the slide by the lever action.
13. A feature of the line measuring device claimed under 6, consisting of an
adjustable abutment, means for adjusting the same by the slide piece, claimed
under Claim 4, for receiving and delivering the detached line portions, and means
for temporarily locking the said abutment in its adjusted position.
14. A feature of the apparatus claimed under Claim 4, consisting of an abut-
ment adjustable on the line detaching slide, and a pair of spring actuated levers
firmly connected to each other and pivoted to a plate adjustable on the assembling
channel, one of the said levers entering the path of the endless line in the
assembling channel, and the other lever bearing against the said abutment.
15. A feature of the apparatus claimed under Claim 4, consisting of a movable
support, a hook shaped lever pivoted thereto, a catch lever for locking the line
detaching slide, means for releasing the latter by the movable support, and means
for alternately engaging with and disengaging from the endless line the said
hooked shaped support lever.
16. A feature of the apparatus claimed under Claim 4, consisting of a toothed
wheel loosely mounted on a revolving shaft, and meshing with the line receiving
and delivering slide, a ratchet wheel fixed to the revolving shaft, a pawl
pivoted to the said toothed wheel, means for alternately engaging the pawl with and
disengaging the same from the ratchet wheel, and means for shifting the line
receiving slide to its normal position.
17. A feature of the apparatus claimed under Claim 4, consisting of a wheel or
pulley loosely mounted on a revolving shaft and connected with the line detaching
(or with the line receiving and delivering) slide piece by a gearing or by a cord and
the like, a ratchet wheel fixed to the revolving shaft, a pawl pivoted to the said
wheel or pulley, means for alternately engaging the pawl with and disengaging the
same from the ratchet wheel, and means for shifting the line detaching (or the line
receiving and delivering) slide piece out of its normal position.
18. A feature of the apparatus claimed under Claims 4, 5, 7, 8, 12, consisting of
a wedge shaped friction clutch pivoted to, and a wedge shaped rod longitudinally
movable in the body of the several slide pieces and co-acting with the clutch, a
revolving friction disc or friction discs, and means for shifting the said rod and
alternately, bringing the clutch into and out of contact with the revolving disc or
discs.
19. A feature of the hyphen ejecting and of the space registering device claimed
under Claims 4, 5, 7, 8, 12 respectively, consisting of a spring controlled friction
roller eccentrically pivoted to the respective slide pieces, and a revolving friction disc
placed in the path of the friction roller and intermittingly actuating the latter.
20. A feature of the apparatus claimed under Claims 4, and 14, consisting of a
lever system mounted on a common pivot, one of the levers actuating the spring
actuated lever pair described, Claim 14, and the other lever or levers entering the
path of projections of the end types projecting from the endless line.

page_text: 21. A feature of the apparatus claimed under Claims 4, 14, consisting of a spring
actuated pusher co-acting with a recess in the body of the end types, a two armed
lever pivoted to the framework, one arm of the said lever entering a recess of the
pusher body and the other arm being connected to the spring actuated lever pair
described under Claim 14, and means for oscillating the said pusher.
22. A feature of the apparatus claimed under Claims 4 to 21, consisting of an
oscillating spring actuated lever tapering at its end, the said tapering end being
placed beneath the assembling channel and striking against the projections of the
types projecting downwards from the bottom of the assembling channel, so as to
raise the said types to the level of the galley bottom.
Dated this 21st, dow of Aneil 1808
H. GARDNER,
Patent Agent, 166, Fleet Street, London,
Agent for the said Hubert Burg.
H. GARDNER,
Patent Agent, 166, Fleet Street, London,
Agent for the said Hubert Burg.