CERTAIN IMPROVE- ZENTS APPLICABLE TO LOCOMOTIVE, MARINE, AND STATIONARY ENGINES
Year: 1844

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GUY
CARLETON COFFIN, of Landford, in the County of Wilts, Esquire, Lieutenant
Colonel in Her Majesty's Service, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Third day of July, One thousand eight hundred and forty-
four, in the eighth year of IIer reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs, successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Guy Carleton Coffin, my exors, adiñiors, and
assigns, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that
I, the said Guy Carleton Coffin, my exors, adñiors, and assigns, and such
others as I, the said Guy Carleton Coffin, my exors, adññors, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the continuance of the term of years therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within that part of
Her said Majesty's United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called
England, Her Dominion of Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, in the
Islands of Guernsey, Jersey, Alderney, Sark, and Man, and also in all Her
Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, ny Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
ZENTS APPLICABLE TO LOCOMOTIVE, MARINE, AND STATIONARY ENGINES;" in which
said Letters Patent is contained a proviso obliging me. the said Guy Carleton
Coffin, to particularly describe and ascertain the nature of my said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by an instrument in
writing under my hand and scal, and to cause the same to be enrolled in Her
said Majesty's High Court of Chancery, within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in

page_text: and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large
appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Guy Carleton Coffin, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be fully described and
set forth in and by the following statement and Specification thereof, reference
being had to the accompanying Drawings (which I declare to belong to and
to form part thereof), by the letters and numeral figures marked thereon for
the purpose of such reference (that is to say):-
My said Invention consists in, and has reference to, the principles of con-
struction, and the modes of arranging and applying the same to the inechanical
parts and the several combinations of mechanical parts, as such several matters
are herein-after described and set forth, and that as regards my application of the
same to the objects set forth and referred to, in and by the title of the Letters
Patent granted unto me, the said Guy Carleton Coffin, as herein-before recited.
The nature and intention, and the use of such principles of construction,
and such modes of arrangement and application of the mechanical parts, and
the combinations thereof, I declare to be the production of motive or driving
power for mechanical movements or arrangements, and I declare the practical
nature and intention of my said Invention, or the particular mode in and by
which I carry the same into pratical effect, to be the application of the impul-
sive force or the momentum generated by the vibratory action of the pendulum,
by which term (pendulum) I desire to be understood as designating the
instrument or machine commonly known and used as a regulator for the
equalization of motion in clock making and constructions of that character,
and formed by appending a weight to the lower extremity of a rigid rod, the
upper extremity whereof has liberty of free motion on a point or centre of
suspension. I apply the impulsive force or momentum obtained from the
vibratory action of such pendulum as the primary motive or driving power for
mechanical movements or arrangements; and in the making such aforesaid
applications to such purpose I produce the impulsive force or momentum
demanded by the circumstances or conditions of the case, by a suitable applica-
tion of the known laws of motion, governing the action of such pendulums,
that is to say, either by the increase of the pendulum's weight or by the
increase of the angular quantity of its vibration, or by the conjoint regulation
and due adjustment both of its increase of weight and the increase of its
angular quantity of vibration.
I declare the particular nature of my said Invention, as regards the manner
in which the same is to be performed and carried into practical effect, to be

page_text: particularly described fully and sufficiently set forth and, ascertained in and by
the following statement and the detailed description thereof, that is to say
In the Drawings No. 1 and No. 2, I set forth examples of such aforesaid
applications of the principles of construction, and the mode of applying the
same to the mechanical parts and the combinations of mechanical parts to
produce the objects and the intentions aforesaid, as regards the primary motive
or driving power for the action of locomotive or stationary engines. In the
Drawing No. 1, the Figure 1 represents the side elevation of an organization
of mechanical parts, by which the principles of construction and arrangement,
by which the application of the vibratory motion of the pendulum, is made.
In the Figure 1, A, A, A, &c., mark one side of the outer framing of a
locomotive carriage placed in the usual manner along the sides of the engine
on the outer side of the wheels. A¹, A', A¹, mark the usual axle guides;.. B, B,
mark two of the flanch wheels of the engine, and C, C, one of the driving wheels
without flanches; D, D, D, marks the lower portion or base of a cast-iron
framing of triangular form and arrangement, of which E, E, E, &c. mark the
sloped sides, and E, E, &c. the oblique and cross arms, and F the centre or
vertical portion. G marks the summit or vertex of the framing, on which a pen-
dulum is supported on the extremity of an horizontal shaft laid in substantial and
sufficient bearings; Hand H mark the rod of the pendulum, and I, I, the weight
of the pendulum; K and K mark the position of the pendulum weight when at
the extremity of its arc of vibration (which in this example is an are of sixty
degrees); and L and L mark the corresponding position of the pendulum rod;
M mark the centre of a spur wheel of which N, N, &c. mark the rim and teeth;
O mark the centre of a second spur wheel, of which P, P, &c. mark the rim and
teeth; Qmarks a pinion set on the axle of the wheel O, P, P, with which
the wheel O, P, P, gears, and by which gearing the wheel O, P, P, is driven
with the speed due to the difference between their respective diameters; R, R,
marks a ratchet wheel, which is keyed on the axle of the wheel M; and S
marks a
pall or thrusting piece hung by one of its extremities to
à centre
pin established on a rod or lever vibrating in a vertical plane, and by its
other or lower extremity acting on the teeth of the ratchet wheel R, R.
T, T, T, mark a lever attached to the pendulum rod at the point T* (which
point in practice it will be advantageous to place at or near the centre of per-
cussion of the pendulum). The lever T, T, T, at its lower extremity is set on a
centre, which has liberty of vertical sliding motion in a slot V*. A second
lever W, W, is attached by its lower extremity to the lever T, T, T, near its
lower extremity, as at W* in the Figure, and at its upper extremity it is
attached by a centre X, on which it vibrates freely at Y on the lever W, W, as

page_text: a centre, the pall or thrusting bar S hangs, and by the action of the lever
T, T, T, and W, W, produced by the vibration of the pendulum, operates
on the ratchet wheel R, R, and so effects the vibration of the wheel N, N, N,
to which it is affixed. It will be seen that the vibration of the wheel N, N, N,
is produced, as above described, by the action of the pall S upon the ratchet
wheel R, R, and that the wheel N, N, N, drives the wheel P, P, P, by its
attached pinion Q, which, therefore, rotates with a higher speed than the
wheel N, N, N; the wheel P, P, P, drives the pinion A, on the axle of which
there is set the wheel B, over which a chain band C passes, and drives the
smaller wheel D set upon the axle of the driving wheel C, C, the difference of
the diameters of the wheels B and D, giving an increased speed to the
smaller wheel, and so increasing the speed of the driving wheel C, C; and I
vary and regulate the relative diameters of the wheels and pinions, and the
ratchet of the above described arrangement, with reference to the proportions
of the length of the rods or levers above described, as connected to and
actuated by the pendulum, and to the length and weight of the pendulum,
according to and as regards the weight of the engine and load to be moved,
and the required speed of such motion, or, as in the case of a stationery engine
or machine, to be actuated by such an arrangement, according to the work
required to be performed by its action.
The Figure 2 of the Drawing 1 represents a plan view of the arrangement
of parts, and the assemblage or construction represented in side elevation in
the Figure 1. In the Figure 2 it will be seen that the parts represented
singly in side clevation in the Figure 1 are repeated on the further or removed
corresponding side of the engine, as the frame A, A, &c., the wheels B, B, the
driving wheel C, the vertical frame work E, E, E, and F, with the pendulum
and its connected rods or levers above described, and the ratchet wheel R, R,
with its pall S. The pendulums on either side of the framing are shewn in
the Figure 2 to be connected together by the shaft G, G, and the curved
bar X, X, with brace rods Z, Z, Z, &c., which latter cannot be seen in
the Figure 1 of side elevation. The corresponding parts of the arrangement
are respectively marked with the same letters of reference in the Figure 2 as
in the Figure 1, as far as they can respectively be seen in both those Figures.
In the Drawing No. 2 the Figure 1 represents an end view or elevation of
the Figures 1 and 2 of the Drawing No. 1, as seen from the end of those
Figures respectively marked A, B. In this Figure also the same several and
component parts of the engine may be traced, being respectively marked with
the sanie letters of reference, shewing the parts seen singly in the Figure 1 of
Drawing No. 1, repeated in elevation on the farther or removed side of the

page_text: engine, as they are shewn, repeated in the plan view, Figure 2, of the Drawing
No. 1. The rods or levers T, T, and W, W, above described, as connecting the
action of the pendulum with the ratchet wheel R, R, are shewn in the Figure
1 of Drawing No. 2, with their respective centres or spindles by which they
are connected together, and on which their action is performed; they are
respectively marked in the order in which they stand from the pendulum,
1, 2, 3, and 4. The end view of the inner framing of the engine marked
A, A, &c., in the Figure 2 of Drawing No. 1, is in the Drawing No. 2,
marked C, C. To the frame C, C³, and-below it, or depending from its
under side, there is attached the cross framing B³, B³, (see also marked, with
the same letters of reference in the Figures 1 and 2 of Drawing No. 1), and
on this cross framing are placed the standards or the supporting frame F, F,
on which the axles of the wheels N, N, N, and P, P, P, are placed, as shewn
more distinctly in the Figure 1 of Drawing No. 1. In the Figure 1 of
Drawing No. 2 the positions of buffers are shewn at the numeral Figures 6
and 6. The Figure 2 of the Drawing No. 2 represents, in greater distinctness.
than in the preceding Figures, a front view or elevation of the pendulum, with
its connected rods or levers, shewn in the same view in the Figure 1 of the
Drawing No. 1, but here shewn as separated or detached from the frame.
work and the wheels of the engine, the parts are in this Figure respectively.
marked with the same letters of reference they bear in the Figures of the
Drawing No. 1 and Drawing No. 2, where they occur or are seen in such
Figures.
The Figures 3 and 4 of Drawing No. 2 respectively represent side and front
elevations of another modification of the parts, by which the vibratory action of
the pendulum is connected with the ratchet wheel R, R, described in the pre-
ceding Figures, to produce its rotatory movement. In each of these Figures
A represents a sector rack set upon the bearing shaft, which forms the sus-
pension of the pendulums in arrangements similar to that above and herein-
before described; of this sector rack B marks the teeth which takes into the
teeth of the arch C, having a rocking shaft or stem D keyed upon a transverse
spindle at E, which moves in fixed bearings at the lower extremity of the
stem D; an arch F takes into the sector rack G, which is keyed upon a trans-
verse spindle at H, also moving in fixed bearings. On this spindle the head
I of the pall K is set, and works into the teeth of the ratchet wheel R, by the
alternate or rocking movement of the rocking shaft D, which, by the construc-.
tion and arrangement of the parts here described necessary results from the
vibratory action of the pendulum, and the consequent alternate or rocking.
motion of the axle or shaft, on which both the pendulums and the sector rack A
are keyed, S being the wheel driven.

page_text: I declare that I apply the same principles of construction, as regards the
transfer of the vibratory action of the pendulum (as I have herein-before
described and defined the pendulum and its action) to the shafts or axles of
wheels, for the production of their rotatory motion to the purposes of working
marine engines by the examples and modifications which I have herein
described and set forth, and also by the application of the known action of the
device or construction known to mechanicians as the excentric, or by such
modification of the principle of construction of the connected system and
arrangement of levers or rods, as I have herein described them, as appertains
to, and forms or composes a natural part or extension thereof, varying the
relative positions, dimensions, and subordinate arrangements thereof to
suit the varying circumstances of the scale, and the motive power required
for the case.
I now declare that, having stated and set forth the nature and intention of
my said Invention, and also set forth and specified the manner in which the
same is to be carried into practical effect, I claim as of my Invention therein,
the applications of the natural and known action of the pendulum, as I have
herein before described and defined the same, with the mechanical combina-
tions, principles of construction, and modes of carrying them into practical
effect, such as in substance and effect I have herein-before set them forth,
defined, and described them.
In witness whereof, I, the said Guy Carleton Coffin, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Third day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and forty-five.
year
January,
the of our Lord 1845, the aforesaid Guy Carleton Coffin came before our
said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above
written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the
tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Third day of January, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and forty-five.