IMPROVE- MENTS IN PRODUCING ORNAMENTAL FABRICS
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Kennedy Crawford, of Glasgow, in the County
of Lanark, North Britain, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PRODUCING ORNAMENTAL FABRICS."
Sealed the 30th May 1865, and dated the 3rd December 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Kennedy Crawford
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd December 1864.
I, JOHN KENNEDY CRAWFORD, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PRODUCING ORNAMENTAL FABRICS," to be as follows, that is to
say:
This Invention relates to further improvements in producing ornamental
fabrics in connection with those for which the present applicant obtained Letters
Patent dated 30th April 1864, No. 1090. The said patented improvements
consisted in producing designs of considerable richness and complexity, such as
shawl designs, by combining in a novel and peculiar manner the printing of the
warps with the employing of differently colored wefts woven in according to
pattern, the figuring produced by the jacquard action with the weft being
worked into the boundary portions of the various colored devices produced by
the printing.
By the first part of the present Invention warps of one or more colors are.
employed in addition to the printed warps, and by the jacquard action these
additional warps are made to form figuring which is worked into the boundaries

page_text: of the printed devices either instead of or along with figuring formed with
wefts as described in the Specification of the Letters Patent herein-before
referred to..
By the second part of the present Invention the printed or equivalent
devices are produced on the warps by a stencilling process. The warps are
stretched on a suitable surface, and for each color a plate with the devices in
that color cut through it is applied in contact with them, whilst the color is
applied by brushes, pads, or rollers, so as to color the parts of the warps exposed
by the openings in the plate.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Kennedy Crawford in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 2nd June 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
KENNEDY CRAWFORD, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Third day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-eighth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said John Kennedy Crawford, Her special licence that I, the said John
Kennedy Crawford, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said John Kennedy Crawford, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRODUCING ORNAMENTAL FABRICS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said John Kennedy Crawford, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under ny, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,.
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within.
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Kennedy Crawford, do Liereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is.

page_text: to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement in writing, that is to say:-
My said Invention relates to further improvements in producing ornamental
fabrics in connection with those for which I obtained Letters Patent dated
80th April.1864, No. 1090. The said patented improvements consisted in pro-
ducing designs of considerable. richness and complexity, by combining .in a
novel and peculiar manner the printing of the warps with the employing of
differently colored wefts woven in according to pattern; the figuring produced
by the jacquard action with the weft being worked into the boundary portions
of the various colored devices produced by the printing.
By the first part of my present Invention, warps of one or more colors. are
employed in addition to the printed warps, and by the jacquard action these
additional warps are made to form figuring which is worked into the boundaries
of the printed devices either instead of or along with, figuring formed with
wefts as described in tho Specification of the Letters Patent, herein-before
referred to. In practising the Invention the additional warps are placed on
one or more beams separately from the printed warps, and they are actuated
by jacquard cords or tails specially provided for them. The corresponding
parts of the jacquard cards are perforated so as to cause them to appear on
the right side of the fabric at the parts where they are required by the design
whilst at those parts the printed warps are prevented from appearing by the
corresponding part of the cards being suitably cut for that purpose as will be
understood by the practical weaver; the object being to impart to fabrics
woven with printed warps an appearance very nearly resembling that of the
more costly fabrics of or similar to the "Paisley shawl" class, the figuring of
which is produced entirely by weaving; the design as prepared for the cutting
of the jacquard cards is arranged so that the figuring to be produced by the
jacquard action with the figuring warps or with both figuring warps and
figuring wefts is worked into the boundary portions of the various colored
devices produced by the printing; at the same time such figuring is not in
general confined to such portions.
By the second part of my present Invention the printed or equivalent
devices are produced on the warps by a stencilling process. The warps are
stretched on a suitable surface and for each color a plate with the devices in
that color cut through it is applied in contact with them; whilst the color is
applied by brushes, pads, or rollers, so as to color the parts of the warps
exposed by the openings in the plate. This stencilling process is applicable
both for the purposes of my present Invention and for those of the Invention
secured by the earlier Letters Patent herein-before referred to.

page_text: Having thus particularly described my said Invention, and the manner in
which the same is or may be performed, I have to state that I do not restrict
imyself to the precise details herein described; but that what I believe to be
novel and original, and claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-
before in part recited Letters Patent, is,-
1. The mode of producing ornamental fabrics wherein colored devices
produced by printing some of the warps are so modified by figuring with
additional warps or by figuring with special wefts and additional warps
combined as to impart an approximate appearance as though the whole design
were produced by weaving substantially as herein-before described; and
2. The applying of printed or equivalent devices to the warps by a stencilling
process substantially as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Kennedy Crawford, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this First day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five.
Witness,
EDMUND HUNT,
Patent Agent,
Glasgow.
JOHN KENNEDY CRAWFORD. (L.S.)