IMPROVEMENTS IN IMPLEMENTS FOR SCARIFYING, GRUBBING, CULTIVATING, AND CLEANING LAND:
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Corbett, of Wellington, in the County of Salop,
Agricultural Implement Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN IMPLEMENTS FOR SCARIFYING, GRUBBING, CULTIVATING, AND CLEANING
LAND:"
Sealed the 30th January 1880, and dated the 8th August 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Corbett at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th August 1879.
SAMUEL CORBETT, of Wellington, in the County of Salop, Agricultural Implement
Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN IMPLEMENTS FOR SCARIFYING, GRUBBING, CUL-
TIVATING, AND CLEANING LAND."
My Invention consists of the improvements herein after described in implements
for scarifying, grubbing, and cultivating land, and for cutting up weeds, and
cleaning between rows of turnips, mangold wurzels, or other crops sown or drilled
in rows or otherwise, the object of my said improvements being to simplify the
said implements and make them more effective in work.
The said implements constructed according to my Invention have a less number
of wearing parts, are easier to turn at the ends of the rows, and are more readily
kept in repair than those of the ordinary construction.
In constructing the implement according to my Invention I make a framework
or central beam, having at the fore part a hook or coupling to which the horses are
attached; the said frame has also a wheel and standard capable of adjustment for
regulating the depth of work, and on the central beam or beams at the rear of
the wheel I fix a cast, malleable, or wrought iron foot or frame to which the points
or cutting shares are fixed.
In order to alter the pitch of the point and share as they become worn I fix the
foot that carries the point and share to the beam or frame with two screw pins and
nuts. I make the fore pin eccentric and cause it to work in a slot in the foot.
By turning the pin it raises or lowers the point of the cutting share and alters the
pitch without throwing the beams or handles out of level.

page_text: I make the skims or shares in two parts, jointed together so that they can be
thrown wider or narrower to suit ridges of different widths.
When worn they can be opened out so as to cut the full width of ridge. To
make the skims more effective in operation I chill the underside which is exposed
to the most wear and also make the wings longer than usual, and turn up the outer
or rear ends so that no rubbish can stick in or choke up the implement. For
loosening and separating the weeds from the soil, I make one or more prongs on
the inside of the wings of the share; these prongs incline upwards from the wings,
so that as the soil passes over and through the prongs it is pulverized and the
weeds left loose on the surface of the land. To make the implement more effective
on foul land I fix an arm of round iron to the beam behind the frame which carries
the shares. This arm carries a spindle having a number of prongs or forks, by the
rotation of which the weeds are effectually separated from the soil. By turning
the arm in the box by which it is attached to the beam, the spindle carrying the
prongs can be set to work at any angle. To make the shares secure to the foot or
frame I joint them together by a joint similar to that of a rule joint and fix them
to the underside of the foot or frame by screw bolts and nuts.
My improvements are applicable to compound implements for operating upon
several rows at a time as well as to single implements for operating on one row
only.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Samuel Corbett in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 31st January
1880.
SAMUEL CORBETT, of Wellington, in the County of Salop, Agricultural Imple-
ment Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN IMPLEMENTS FOR SCARIFYING, GRUBBING,
CULTIVATING, AND CLEANING LAND."
My Invention consists of the improvements herein after described in implements
for scarifying, grubbing, and cultivating land, and for cutting up weeds and
cleaning between rows of turnips, mangold wurzels, or other crops sown or drilled
in rows or otherwise, the object of my said improvements being to simplify the said
implements and make them more effective in work.
The said implements constructed according to my Invention have a less number
of wearing parts, are easier to turn at the ends of the rows, and are more readily
kept in repair than those of the ordinary construction.
In constructing the implement according to my Invention I make a framework
or central beam having at the fore part a hook or coupling to which the horses are
attached; the said frame has also a wheel and standard capable of adjustment for
regulating the depth of work, and on the central beam or beams, at the rear of the
wheel, I fix a cast, malleable, or wrought iron foot or frame, to which the point and
cutting share are fixed.
In order to alter the pitch of the point and share as they become worn I fix the
foot that carries the point and share to the beam or frame with two screw pins and
nuts. I make the fore pin excentric and cause it to work in a slot in the foot. By
turning the pin it raises or lowers the point of the cutting share and alters the
pitch without throwing the beams or handles out of level.
I make the skims or wings of the share in two parts, jointed together so that
they can be thrown wider or narrower to suit ridges of different widths.
When worn, they can be opened out so as to cut the full width of ridge. To
make the skims more effective in operation I chill the underside which is exposed
to the most wear, and also make the wings longer than usual and turn up the outer
or rear ends so that no rubbish can stick in or choke up the implement. For
loosening and separating the weeds from the soil, I make one or more prongs on
the inside of the wings of the share; these prongs incline upwards from the wings
so that as the soil passes over and through the prongs it is pulverized and the
weeds left loose on the surface of the land. To make the implement more effective
on foul land I fix an arm of round iron to the beam behind the frame which carries
the shares. This arm carries a spindle having a number of prongs or forks, by the
rotation of which the weeds are effectually separated from the soil. By turning
the arm in the box by which it is attached to the beam, the spindle carrying the
prongs can be set to work at any angle. To make the shares secure to the foot or
frame I joint them together by a joint similar to that of a rule joint and fix them
to the underside of the foot or frame by screw bolts and nuts.
My improvements are applicable to compound implements for operating upon
several rows at a time, as well as to single implements for operating on one
row only.
I will now describe with reference to the accompanying Drawing the manner in
which my Invention may be performed.
Figure 1 represents in side elevation, and Figure 2 in plan, an implement
constructed according to my Invention for scarifying, grubbing, cultivating and
cleaning land.
Figures 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 represent parts of the said implement as berein after
explained.
.
The same letters of reference indicate the same parts 'in the several Figures of
the Drawing.

page_text: This
a is the central beam or frame of the implement, and b, 6, are the handles of the same.
The said beam a has on its fore part a hook or coupling c, to which the horses are
attached. The implement is supported at its front end on the wheel d, the standard e
of which is capable of a vertical adjustment on the beam a to suit the depth of the
work to be performed by the implement. At the rear of the supporting wheel d
a cast iron, or malleable cast iron, or wrought iron foot f is fixed, to which foot the
point and cutting 'share g is fixed. I prefer to make a wing on each side of the
cutting share g, as represented in Figures 4 and 5. The said wings give great
steadiness to the motion of the said cutting share g. The said foot f is capable of
adjustment on the beam of the implement for the purpose of altering the pitch of
the point and cutting share g as they become worn.
effected by connecting
the said foot to the beam by means of two screw pins h, i. A vertical section of a
portion of the beam a and head of the foot f is represented in Figure 3, and a
cross section drawn to a larger scale, taken through the fore pin i, is represented in
Figure 8. The rear pin h constitutes a centre, on which the foot f turns, for raising
and lowering the said foot, and the fore pin i has an excentric part k upon it (see
Figure 8) which works in an elongated slot in the head of the foot f (see Figure 3).
The other part of the pin i works in a circular hole in the beam a. By turning the
pin in one or other direction, its excentric part acting on the head of the foot f
raises or lowers the said foot, and the point or cutting share g carried by it. After
the adjustment of the height of the foot it is fixed in its adjusted position by
screwing home the screw nut / so as to bind the foot to the beam, as will be under-
stood by an examination of Figure 8. The pitch of the cutting share g is thereby
altered without throwing the beam a or its handles b, b, out of level.
m, m, are the adjustable skims or wings of the share, carried by and attached to
the foot f. The said skims or wings are jointed to the lower part of the said foot f
by the joint pin n, so that the said skims may be opened from or closed upon one
another to suit ridges of different widths. Figures 4 and 5 represent plans of
underside of the adjustable skims or wings m, m, connected to the foot f, drawn to a
larger scale; and Figure 6 represents a cross section of a portion of the same taken
on the dotted line, Figure 4; Figure 7 represents one of the said skims detached.
In Figure 4 the two skims are represented closed upon one another to their full
extent, and in Figure 5 they are represented opened out to their full extent. The
heel or joint ends of the said skims are shaped in the manner represented in Figures
4 and 5, so that the said joint ends may separate from or abut against one another.
The adjustable skims m, m, are fixed securely to the foot f, after they have been
adjusted, by the screw pin p. The said screw pin p is furnished with a curved
head q serrated or toothed on its underside, and each of the said skims m has a
curved slot or recess 7 in it for receiving the curved head q of the screw pin p. The
bottoms of the said slots or recesses r, r, are toothed or serrated.
P
When it is required to adjust the two skims or wings m, m, of the share to suit
the width of the ridge to be operated upon, the screw nut of the bolt is loosened
so as to permit of the toothed face of the head q being depressed from the toothed
bottoms of the recesses r, ?, in the said skims. The two skims are thereby released,
and may be moved on their joint pin n, and opened from or closed upon one another
to the distance required. By now screwing home the nut of the pin p its toothed
head is again engaged with the toothed bottoms of the slots r, r, in the wings, and
the said wings are securely fixed in their adjusted position on the foot f.
I make the wings m, m, by casting, and in order to increase the durability of
the said wings I chill their undersides or those parts most exposed to wear. I
make the said wings m, m, longer than usual, and turn up the outer or rear ends
marked m², m2 (see Figures 1 and 2), so that no rubbish can stick in or choke up
the implement. In order to prevent or diminish the tendency of the skims or wings
m, m, slipping without entering or acting upon the soil, their inclined outside edges
may be serrated or notched as indicated in dotted lines in Figures 4 and 5. 8, 8,
are prongs situated on the inside of the wings m, m, for loosening and separating

page_text: the weeds. from the soil. I make these prongs of wrought iron, and fix them in the
wings m, m, by the casting process, by which the said wings are cast. The said
prongs 8, 8, slightly incline upwards (see Figure 1) from the wings, so that as the
soil passes over and through the prongs 8, 8, it is pulverized and the weeds left
loose on the surface of the land.
The said prongs also incline to one another horizontally so that when the
wings m, m, are opened to their widest extent, as illustrated in Figure 5, the said
prongs are not brought quite parallel.
In applying this part of my Invention to scarifyers of the ordinary construction
I prefer to cast the wings or skims m, m. together in one casting, and at the same
time to give the outer acting, edges the serrated form indicated in Figures 4
and 5.
In working on wet and foul land I combine with the implement a compound
rotating fork t for forking out the weeds and effectually separating them from the
soil. The rotating fork t is applied to the beam a at the rear of the foot f carrying
the cutting share and wings of the share. The fork t consists of an arm u capable
of adjustment on the beam a, the said arm u carrying at its bottom a cross spindle w
on which several sets of prongs or tines are fitted loosely, so that they will rotate
freely as they are drawn over the land. The sets of prongs or tines are connected
to tubular bosses and the latter are fitted on the cross spindle w. The tines of the
fork are not straight but are curved and are arranged with respect to one another
in the manner best seen in Figure 2. It will be seen that adjacent tines are curved
in opposite directions, that is one tine is curved inwards and the next tine is curved
outwards of the same set. By this construction of the rotating fork, the tines as
they rotate are made to operate upon the whole of the soil situated within the path
of the implement as indicated by the dotted position, Figure 2, which the tines take
in their revolution.
When the axis w of the rotating fork requires no angular adjustment, that is, is
arranged to work permanently with its axis w at right angles to the beam a of the
implement, the vertical arm u is made flat so as to make it capable of adjustment
vertically but incapable of rotating in its box, but when the fork is required to
be made capable of working at different angles to the beam a the arm u is made
cylindrical so as to be capable of being rotated in its box on the beam a.
The implement represented in the Drawing may be made compound, that is, two
or more shares, and the appliances represented may be combined in the same
implement for operating upon several rows at a time.
Having now described the nature of my Invention and the manner in which
the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I do not limit myself
to the precise details herein before described and illustrated, as the same may be
varied without departing from the nature of my Invention,
But I claim as my Invention of improvements in implements for scarifying,
grubbing, cultivating and cleaning land,—
First. Making the skims or wings of the share of the implement adjustable to
suit ridges of different widths as herein before described and illustrated in the
accompanying Drawing, that is to say, making the said skims or wings in two parts
and jointing them together so that they can be separated from or closed upon one
another as required.
Secondly. The arrangement or combination of the parts herein before described
and illustrated in the accompanying Drawing for fixing the adjustable skims or
wings to and releasing them from the foot to which they are jointed.
+
Thirdly. Combining with the skims or wings of the share inclined prongs for
loosening and pulverizing the soil, and for separating the weeds from the soil, as
herein before described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawing; also the
modification described in which the wings are cast in one piece.
Fourthly. Turning up the outer or rear ends of the wings or skims of the
share, as and for the purpose described and illustrated in the accompanying
Drawing.

page_text: Fifthly. The construction herein before described and illustrated in the accom-
panying Drawing, of the compound rotatory fork applied to the rear end of the
implement for effectually separating the weeds from the soil.
Lastly. The general arrangement or combination of the parts of an implement
for scarifying, grubbing, cultivating, and cleaning land, so far as the adjustable
foot and compound rotatory fork are concerned, substantially as described and
illustrated in the accompanying Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Corbett, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty fourth day of January, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty.
Witness,
GEORGE WYCHERLY CORBETT,
Wellington,
Salop.
SAMUEL CORBETT. (L.S.)