CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES FOR WARMING THE AIR IN BUILD- INGS, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE FOR COOKING OR FOR COMMUNICATING HEAT FOR OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1839

page_text: JOYCE, of Croydon, in the County of Surrey, Artist, send greeting.
WHEREAS I did by petition humbly represent unto Her present most Excel-
lent Majesty Queen Victoria, that after considerable application and expence I
had invented "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN STOVES FOR WARMING THE AIR IN BUILD-
INGS, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE FOR COOKING OR FOR COMMUNICATING
HEAT FOR OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES," and Her said Majesty, being willing to give
encouragement to all arts and inventions which may be for the public good,
was graciously pleased by Her Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, bearing date at West-
minster, the Twenty-first day of August last (One thousand eight hundred and
thirty-nine), in the third year of Her reign, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, to give and grant unto me, the said Stephen Joyce, my exors, admors,
and assigns, Her special licence,. full power, sole privilege and authority, that
I or they, by myself or themselves, or by my or their deputies, servants, or
agents, or such others as I or they should agree with (and no others), during
the term of fourteen years from the date of the said Letters Patent, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend my said Invention within that
part of Her said Majesty's Dominions called England, Her Dominion of Wales,
and Town of Berwick upon Tweed, in such manner as to me, my exors, admors,
and assigns, shall seem meet, and as that I or they shall enjoy the whole profit
and advantage arising by reason of the said Invention during the said term of
fourteen years, and for that end Her said Maiesty requires and strictly com-

page_text: mands all Her subjects whatsoever within England, Wales, and Berwick upon
Tweed aforesaid, that they shall not, neither directly nor indirectly, make, use,
or put in practice my said Invention, or any part thereof, nor in anywise
counterfeit, imitate, or resemble the same, nor make any addition thereto
or subtraction therefrom, whereby to pretend himself or themselves to be the
inventor or inventors thereof: and whereas the said Letters Patent contain a
proviso obliging me, the said Stephen Joyce, particularly to describe and
ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, and to
cause the same to be inrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent, as in and by the same (reference being thereunto had) will
more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Stephen Joyce, do hereby declare that my said Invention is described and
ascertained in manner following, and by the aid of the Sheet of Drawings
hereunto annexed, that is to say:-
Figure 1 is a vertical section, and Figure 2 a horizontal section of a stove
constructed according to part of my said improvements for warming the air in
buildings. A, A, is the fire-place, in the shape of a frustrum of a cone; at the
bottom thereof is a fire grate B, whereon the burning fuel rests; the upper part
of the frustrum A, A, contains fuel, and the upper end of the frustrum is
closed by a cover D, which is moveable, in order to introduce a supply of fuel
into the fire-place; the quantity introduced at once may be sufficient to last a
considerable time. The cover D being fitted to shut close on the top of the
frustrum A, A, prevents the escape of smoke, gas, or heated air, and the fire
will not burn upwards amongst the fuel in the upper part of the frustrum A,A,
for want of access of air, but the fuel descends from that upper part as
fast as it burns away, and consumes at the lower part of the frustrum, where
air has access to enter upwards through the grate B, and the smoke, gas, and
unconsumed air can pass out sideways through the apertures E, E, in the sides
of the frustrum near the lower part thereof into the external case F, F, of the
stove, which case includes the frustrum A, A, within it, leaving a space all
round for the smoke, heated gas, or air to operate in, so as to give heat to the
external case for warming the air of the building wherein the stove is placed.
G is the vent or passage to carry away the smoke, heated gas, and air from
the upper part of the external case F, F, into the chimney by a suitable pipe
or flue, which joins to the vent G, and connects with or forms the chimney in
the same manner as in ordinary stoves. The base H, H, of the stove forms

page_text: the ash-put beneath the fire grate B, and there are arched openings in the sides
of the base H to admit air freely to pass beneath the grate, in order that it
may ascend through the same to the burning fuel above the grate; but as there
is no other exit for smoke, heated air, or gas to escape from the interior of the
frustum A, A, except through the apertures E, E, the draft or current of air
will not operate upon the fuel, which is above the level of those apertures, to
cause an active combustion of that portion of the fuel, but the burning fuel
which rests immediately upon the fire grate and below the apertures E, E,
will be supplied with air, so as to keep burning regularly and steadily in order
to produce heat, and as the fuel consumes and wastes away by so burning the
fuel in the upper part of the frustum A, A, will descend by its own weight,
in order to supply the deficiency and keep the lower part of the frustum A, A,
always filled, so long as any fuel remains in the frustum A, A; and note,
although for want of access of air to so much of the fuel contained in the
upper part of the frustum A, A, as may be for the time being situated above
the level of the apertures E, E, that upper portion of the fuel cannot burn
with an active combustion; nevertheless, as that said upper portion of the
fuel rests with all its weight immediately upon the burning fuel contained in
the lower part of the frustum beneath the level of the apertures E, E, the
heat of the burning fuel will ascend so much as to render the fuel hot before
it descends below the level of the apertures, and begins to burn with an active
combustion; and the fuel being thus heated before it is required to begin
to burn, it is thereby better prepared for burning than cold fuel would be.
The apertures E, E, are disposed at regular intervals around the lower part
of the frustum A, A, and may be at two or more different heights above
the grate B, as is shewn in the Figures; the heated air, gas, and smoke
which passes out through those apertures into the external case F, F, fills the
space within the external case F, F, and around the frustum A, A, so as to
give heat to the said case F, F, and that heat is also augmented by radiant
heat from the outer surface of the frustum A, A, at the lower part thereof,
where the burning fuel is contained within the frustum below the level of
the apertures E, E. The vent G, proceeding from the uppermost part of the
external case F, F, causes the current of heated smoke, gas, and air which
issues from the apertures E, E, to ascend within the case F, F, and give heat
to every part of the exterior surface thereof. The size of the vent G should
be no larger than absolutely necessary to cause such a draft or current as will be
suitable for keeping up that degree of rapidity or activity of combustion which
is required to be kept up within the lower part of the frustum A, A, in order
to give a proper heat to the external case F, F, of the stove for the purpose of

page_text: warming the air by which that case is surrounded, without overheating or ever
rendering the said case red hot, so as to scorch and give an unpleasant smell
to the air which is to be warmed thereby. And note, in cases when it is more
convenient for the pipe or flue which leads from the stove to the chimney to
proceed from the lower part of the stove instead of proceeding from the upper
part thereof, then the pipe which is to be joined to the event G may turn
downwards close to the external case F, F, in order to go away beneath the
floor, as is often done in ordinary stoves; or a descending pipe may be
formed within the case F, F, at one angle thereof, so as to be concealed from
view if that is preferred; the lower end of such pipe turning horizontally to
go away beneath the floor, but in such case the upper end of the pipe must
communicate with the uppermost part of the interior of the external
case F, F, in the same manner as the vent G has been described to do, and
therefore the same effect will be produced as above described, videlicit, the
heated smoke, gas, and air which issues from the apertures E, E, in the
frustum A, A, will be caused to ascend within the external case F, F, around
the said frustum A, A, so as to give heat to the external case F, F, in order
that the exterior surface thereof may communicate warmth to the air by which
that surface is surrounded. And note, the frustum A, A, is made larger at
the lower part than at the upper part, in order that the fuel may ascend
regularly by its own weight, without sticking or hesitating, and then dropping
down all at once. The upper end of the frustum A, A, passes up through
the top of the external case F, F, being closely fitted to that top, and the
cover D fits closely over the upper end of the frustum A, A; and to render
the fitting more certain the lower edge of the cover D may enter into a cir-
cular groove formed in the top of the case F, F, around the upper part of the
frustum A, A, where it comes up through that top. Another cover K, in
the shape of a dome, or any other shape, may be put over the cover D to
conceal it, and give an appearance of finish to the top of the external case of
the stove. The fire-grate B may be applied within the ash-pit or base H,
with hinges to connect one side of it to the aperture at the lower part of the
frustum A, A, and any suitable button or fastening at the opposite side of
the grate to those hinges will hold it in place horizontally, as at B, Figure 1,
to sustain the burning fuel; but by releasing that fastening the grate will drop
down on its said hinges, in order to allow the ashes and dirt, or remnant of
fuel, to fall down out of the frustum, for cleaning the same preparatory for
charging it anew. The ashes which fall down from the grate when the fire is
burning (as well as those which fall when the grate is let down for clearing out
the stove) drop upon a sliding plate I, which forms the bottom of the ash-pit,

page_text: but there may be a drawer J beneath that plate I, which drawer J, when the
plate I is drawn out, receives the ashes, and also the drawer J can be drawn
out and carried away, in order to remove the ashes without causing dust or
inconvenience. The drawer J, and plate I, are fitted into a box which forms
a foundation for the base H of the stove to stand upon. The stove repre-
sented in Figures 1 and 2 is drawn one-fourth of the real size, and is intended
for burning coke. The lower part of the frustum A, A, where the fire grate
is situated, being eight inches diameter, the height from the level of the grate
to the highest level of the top of the apertures E, E, may be five inches,
and within that height there may be six such apertures, each two inches long
by seven-eighths of an inch high, disposed at equal distances around the lower
part of the frustum A, A; or instead of six apertures there may be a number
of round holes perforated at the lower part of the frustum, having about
the same area as those apertures. The vent G is about two inches internal
diameter or bore. The size of the frustum A, A, and of the external
case F, F, may be as in the Drawing. The external case F, F, is repre-
sented square, and the frustum A, A, is represented circular, but the form of
either is immaterial. The case F, F, may be made of any ornamental form
which is desired. The above dimensions are for a small stove; but larger
ones may be made after the same proportions. The stove is lighted by
throwing in at the top of the frustum a small quantity of burning charcoal
or wood on the grate B, and then a quantity of burning cinders, of half
burnt coals withdrawn from a common fire grate, may be thrown in upon
the wood or charcoal to commence the fire, and then the rest of frustum
may be filled up with coke, or so much coke may be put therein as is
thought necessary, and the cover D must then be closed to prevent any
escape of gas. The combustion will begin at the lower part of the frustum
from the grate, as high up as below the highest level of the apertures E, and
will continue as long as any coke remains. If it is required to restrain or
extinguish the fire, a stop or register may be fitted to the vent G, or into the
pipe from it, to stop the passage thereof, but, as before-mentioned, the vent G
should not be larger than necessary for causing the fire to burn properly, and
then it will not admit of very rapid combustion, so as to overheat the case of
the stove. Such stoves may be made for burning coals, or stone coals, wood,
or charcoal of wood if desired, but coke will be the most suitable fuel for
common use. Figure 3 is a front elevation; Figure 4 a vertical section, and
Figure 5 a horizontal section, of an apparatus for cooking, which is constructed
according to part of my said improvements. A, A, is the fire-placc, in shape of
a frustum of a cone, having a fire grate B at the lower part, and a close

page_text: cover D at the upper part, very similar to the corresponding parts of the stove,
Figures 1 and 2, already described; and in like manner the frustum A, A, is
included within and surrounded by a case F, F, but that case contains water, as
is represented in the vertical section, Figure 4, which water surrounding the lower
part of the frustum A, A, on all sides, derives heat therefrom, and is made to
boil so as to give off steam, which passes away from the upper part of the case
A, A, through the steam pipes a, a, and is conveyed by them through suitable
stop-cocks into any of the cooking vessels d, d, d, or e, e, with which the apparatus
is provided, those vessels being of the same kind as are usually employed for
steam cooking, and my improvements do not extend thereto, but only to the mode
of applying the fire within the frustum A, A, to give heat to the water contained
in the case F, F, whether to raise steam from that water as aforesaid, or whether
to heat that water for cooking, or for any other purpose; and in the latter case a
suitable tap pipe and cock must be connected with the lower part of the case F, F,
in order to draw off the hot water therefrom when required, and in either case a
suitable feeding cistern must be provided to supply fresh water to the case F, F, as
fast as the water therein wastes away by boiling, or is withdrawn by the tap;
but such feeding cistern being commonly used in steam cooking apparatus, and
therefore well known, does not require any explanation, and so of the safety
valve, which must be provided at the top of the case F, F, to allow the surplus
steam to make its escape. The apertures which are provided around the lower
part of the frustum A, A, for the heated smoke, air, and gas to pass out from
the fire-place at the lower part of the frustum A, A, at a suitable height above
the grate, operate to maintain the combustion as already fully explained in
respect to Figures 1 and 2, but when the lower part of the frustum is sur-
rounded by water, as in Figures 4 and 5, those apertures must join to as
many metal pipes E, E, which proceed from the said apertures through the
metal of the case F, F, and all the said pipes join to the upright chimney,
pipe or vent G, by which the smoke, heated air, and gas is conveyed away,
so as to cause a draft or current of air to ascend through the fire-grate, and
through the burning fuel which rests thereon, and which fuel occupies the
lower part of the frustum A, A, below the level of the apertures from which
the pipes E, E, proceed. Those pipes E, E, being surrounded by the water in
the case F, F, assist materially in giving heat thereto, and in order still more
to augment the heating effect upon the water (if that is desired) a copper
tube N may be placed in the midst of the fire-place, so as to be surrounded
on all sides by the burning fuel with a branch or branches M from the lower
part, and another branch or branches O from the upper part of the tube N,
to join to the lower part of the frustum, so as to allow of a free commu-

page_text: nication for the water contained in the case F, F, to enter into and pass
through the interior of the tube N, which tube, as well as its branch or
branches M, being surrounded by the burning fuel, the water therein will be
heated, and in consequence a constantly ascending current will take place
through the tube N, the water entering therein through its lower branch or
branches M from the case F, F, into the lower part of the tube N, and rising
up therein as it becomes heated, and passing out from the upper end of the
tube N through its upper branch or branches O into the case F, F, again
having acquired a considerable accession of heat in so passing upwards
through the tube N; but the apparatus, Figures 3, 4, and 5, may be made
without the tube N, if it is not thought necessary, to give the fullest heating
effect to the water.. P is an oven for baking or roasting, which may be heated
by a separate fire-place Q beneath it; the fire and heated smoke, gas and air,
ascend round the oven, so as to give heat to the same, and then escapes by a
branch R into the upright chimney, pipe, or vent G; but the said oven may
be the same as is in common use, and forms no part of my improvements.
Figures 12 and 13 represent a stove constructed according to my said
improvements, for the purpose of communicating heat to the water contained
in a bath, or for other like purpose, the whole apparatus represented in those
Figures being immersed in that water. The cylindrical vessel A, A, is made
of thin copper or metal plate, with a fire-grate B near its close bottom I, but
leaving space enough beneath the grate and the said close bottom I for an
ash-pit H, into which fresh air is conducted down from above the surface of
the water by an air tube J, which joins to the lower part of the vessel A, A.
A cover D is fitted on the top of the vessel A, A, and in the centre of that
cover is a vent G, to join to the flue or pipe which connects with or which
forms the chimney. The fuel is thrown into the vessel A, A, from above, after
a sufficient quantity of burning fuel has been thrown down upon the grate
B, and then the cover D is put on, and the chimney pipe applied to the
vent G; the heat of the fire within the vessel A, A, gives heat to the water
by which the vessel is surrounded. Within the centre of the vessel A, A, an
upright tube N is placed, so as to be surrounded on all sides by the burning fuel
contained in the lower part of the vessel A, A. The interior of the tube N
cominuicates freely at its lower end by branches M, and its upper end by a
branch or branches O, with the water which surrounds the vessel A, A, and
a continually ascending current of water passes through the tube N, and
becomes heated in so passing, in the manner already fully explained in
respect to Figures 4 and 5; the whole of the stove, Figures 12 and 13, is
immersed as deep as the line in the water which is to be heated, whether

page_text: for a bath or for other like purpose, and sufficient weights may be.hooked
on or tied to the handles by which the stove is to be lifted into and out of the
water for preventing the stove from floating by its buoyancy, but to keep it
steady on the bottom of the bath charcoal of wood will be most suitable fuel
for the stove, Figures 12 and 13; in all cases a proper quantity or charge of
fuel, which will be sufficient to heat the water as much as is required, must be
put in at once. Figure 14 is a vertical section, and Figure 15, a horizontal
section, of a small stove and boiler for producing steam or vapour for a vapour
bath, or for other like purpose requiring. small quantities of steam or vapour.
A, A, is a cylindrical vessel serving as the fire-place, and having a fire-grate
fixed in it at B, with a sufficient space left beneath the same to serve as an
ash-pot H, into which air is admitted freely through lateral openings J, in
order to maintain the fire upon the grate B. N is the boiler, the lower part
thereof being smaller than the interior of the vessel A, A, and descending
down therein, but the upper part of the boiler N being large enough to fit
tight into the top of the vessel A, in the manner of a close cover thereto, and
that enlarged part of the boiler N is surmounted by a dome K, to which dome
a steam pipe a is connected by an union screw joint, and serves to convey the
steam to the vapour bath or other destination. Also there must be a screw
plug f, for introducing a supply of water into the boiler N when required, and
there must likewise be a suitable safety valve. The vent or flue G is an
upright tube passing up through the centre of the boiler N, and its dome K,
the upper end of G being joined to a suitable pipe which connects with or
which forms the chimney; the flue G causes a draft or current of air to pass
up through the burning fuel which rests on the fire-grate B, and by passing
up through the centre of the boiler N, heat is communicated to the water
therein, as well as by the action of the fire beneath the bottom and around
the sides of the boiler.
Figure 6 is a vertical section, and Figure 7, a horizontal plan, of a stove
similar to the stove Figures 1 and 2, already described, but with suitable
additions thereto, for receiving flat irons (such as are used by laundresses for
smoothing linen), and holding such irons in contact with the exterior case, so
as to be heated suitably for ironing. The construction of the stove itself is
nearly the same as already described in respect to Figures 1 and 2, and the
same letters of reference are marked on Figure 6 and 7 to denote the same
or corresponding parts, viz':-The frustum A, A, which contains the fuel;
the fire-grate B at the bottom thereof, and the lid or cover D on the top;
the outer case F, F, by which the frustum is surrounded, and the vent G
proceeding upwards from the top of that case F, the case H forms the open

page_text: ash-pit to admit air beneath the grate B, and the foundation box whereon
that case stands, with the sliding plate I and drawer J therein, for removing
the ashes; all which is the same as already described in respect to Figures 1
and 2, but in Figure 6 the external case F, F, need not be so high as in
Figure 1, and small ledges M, M, are fixed against the upright sides of the
case F, F, Figure 6, in order to form suitable lodgments for the edges of the
flat irons R, R, so as to retain the same with their flat surfaces in contact
with the metal of the case F, F, that they may receive heat therefrom. The
apertures E, E, in the sides of the frustum A, A, are opposite internally to
those parts of the sides of the case F, F, where the irons R, R, are applied
against those sides externally, and the said apertures E, E, are larger or more
numerous in Figure 6 than those in Figure 1, in order that the flame, heated
smoke, gas, and air issuing from the fire-place in the lower part of the
frustrum A, A, through those apertures E, E, may strike against the inside
surfaces of the case F, F, and give a sufficiency of heat thereto for heating
the flat irons R, R, which are applied against the outside surfaces.. The heat
so communicated to the case F, F, for the purpose of heating flat irons must be
greater than would be proper for warming air, as in the stove, Figures 1 and 2,
the difference of heating power may be given by the greater size and number
of the apertures E, E, for admitting of a more ready passage through them,
and a more free emission of heat from the fire-place to the interior of the
case F, F, at the same time that there is less surface in that case to be operatéd
upon by the heat so emitted. A similar kind of stove to Figures 6 and 7
niay be used for heating the irons or like tools employed in different trades,
as well as for laundresses, such as tailors or hatters.
Figure 8 is a vertical section of a stove, which is adapted for giving a gentle
heat to metal articles which are intended to be lacquered or varnished. The
parts of this stove are for the most part the same as those of Figures 1 and 2,
and the same letters of reference being marked on Figure 8, to denote the
same parts, it is needless to repeat the description, except of what constituted
the difference, viz., the external case F, F, instead of having upright sides, is
expanded very much in size all around the frustum A, A, at the upper part
thereof, so as to have a large flat top T extending all around the cover D of
the frustum, and forming a horizontal table upon which the articles to be
heated are laid and become gently heated. The apertures E, E, in the sides
of the frustum A, A, need not give a much larger passage for the emission
of heat than in a stove such as Figures 1 and 2, that is, in case only a very
gentle heat is required to be given to the flat top of the stove, Figure 8, and,
owing to the large surface of that top, and the great space in the upper part

page_text: of the case F, the heat will be very much diffused, and rendered moderate;
but according as the heat which is required to be communicated to the articles
on the top T of the case is greater, so the apertures E, E, in the frustum
should be greater, to allow a more ready emission of heat from the fire-place.
The vent G may either procced upwards from the flat top T, or horizontally
(or nearly horizontally), from the upper part of either of the sides of the
external case F, F. Figure 9 is a vertical section, and Figure 10 a horizontal
section, and Figure 11, a portion of an elevation of a small stove for the use
of bookbinders, to give heat to their tools. The parts of the stove, as far as
they resemble those of Figures 1 and 2 already described, are denoted by
the same letters of reference. The several parts which are different are as
follows: The frustum A, A, which contains the fuel has the fire grate B
fitted into it near its lower end, to sustain the fuel, leaving a space H beneath
the grate B, and above the close bottom I, for the ash-pit, into which air is
admitted through a side spout J, Figure 9 and 10, which projects out from
the lower part of the frustum A, at one side thereof, and enters into a cor-
responding opening in the external case F, F, which opening is provided with
a sliding door, by which the admission of air can be regulated. The whole of
the frustum A, A, with its contents, can be lifted out from the external case
F, F, in order to light the fire and to charge it with fuel. The cover D at the top
of the frustum is within the cover K of the external case F, F. The action of the
stove is the same as that of Figure 1 and 2, already described. The aper-
tures E, E, are small and few, because only a gentle heat is required. The
vent G proceeds from the upper part of the case F, F; on each side of the
case F, F, troughs V, V, are fixed to receive the bookbinders or other tools
which are to be heated, and in front a supporting rail or rack W is fixed, to
sustain the handles of other small tools, which may be applied with their ends
against the front of case F, F, to receive heat therefrom. The same or a similar
stove may be used by other trades requiring to give a gentle heat to small tools.
Having now described my said improvements, I, the said Stephen Joyce,
do hereby declare that the new Invention, whereof the exclusive use is granted
to me by the aforesaid Letters Patent, consists in the following improvements:-
First, the improvement in stoves, such as Figures 1 and 2, for warming the
air in buildings. Those stoves having (as herein-before described) a space
above the fire-place for containing a supply of fuel, which fuel, although it
becomes heated, will not be burned, because, owing to the disposition of the
side apertures, the draft or current of air (and consequently the active com-
bustion) is confined to the lower part or actual fire-place below the level of
those said side apertures, but which supply of fuel will descend by its own

page_text: weight into that fire-place as fast as fuel becomes deficient therein, by the
waste of burning away, thus keeping the actual fire-place always filled so
long as any fuel remains in the stove, and the fuel becomes strongly
heated before it gets down into the fire-place wherein it is actually burned.
Also the flame, smoke, gas, and heat emitted from all the said side apertures
is received within the external case of the stove near the lower part of that
case, and the vent for unconsumed smoke, gas, and air communicates with the
upper part of the said case, so as to cause an ascending current of heated
smoke, gas, or air within the said case for the purpose of heating the same, as
herein-before described.
Secondly, the improvement in stoves, such as Figures 3, 4, and 5, for cooking.
Those stoves having (as herein-before described) a similar fire-place and supply
of fuel to the first improvement above claimed, but the external case is adapted
to hold water which is to be heated, boiled, or converted into steam; and the
apertures out of the fire-place join to tubes which are immersed in the
water. Also, a tube containing water, and communicating freely with the
water in the external case, may be disposed in the midst of the fire-place, as
herein-before described.
Thirdly, the improvement in stoves, such as Figures 12 and 13, for com-
municating heat to water in which the stove is immersed, that stove having
(as herein-before described) in the midst of its fire-place a tube containing water,
and communicating freely with the water wherein the whole stove is iminersed,
as herein-before described.
Fourthly, the improvement in stoves, such Figures 14 and 15, for communi-
cating heat to a small steam boiler for a vapour bath or other like purpose, as
herein-before described.
Fifthly, the improvement in stoves, such as Figure 6 and 7, for communi-
cating heat to irons or tools used by laundresses, or other trades, as herein-
before described.
Sixthly, the improvement in stoves, such as Figure 8, for communicating
a gentle and regular heat to small articles which are to be lacquered or var-
nished, as herein-before described.
Seventhly, the improvement in stoves, such as Figures 9, 10, and 11, for
communicating a gentle heat to the small tools used by bookbinders and
others, as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Stephen Joyce, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-first day of February, One thousand eight
hundred and forty.
STEPHEN (L.S.) JOYCE.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-first day of February,
in the year of our Lord 1840, the aforesaid Stephen Joyce came before our
said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according
to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.