matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR EMBROIDERING FABRICS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Heaven at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
December 1874.
I, ALFRED HEAVEN, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Embroiderer by Machinery, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR EMBROIDERING FABRICS," to
be as follows:
In embroidering fabrics by the machinery now in use great loss of
time and material is occasioned by the comparatively short lengths of
silk or other thread that is supplied to the embroidering needles, the said
length depending on the traverse of the carriages. Now my Invention
consists in the application of certain machinery to the ordinary
embroidering machines whereby the length of the embroidering threads
can be increased to an indefinite extent.
In performing my Invention I apply to each set of needle holders a
faller wire fixed to arms projecting from a shaft which is moved partly
round at every outward and inward run of the carriage by a rack on the
frame of the machine gearing into a pinion on the shaft of the faller

page_text: wire. In double carriages the upper shaft is moved simultaneously with
the lower one by a vertical rack and pinions. The faller wire carries the
threads into a segmental shaped guide formed of strong wires lined with
cotton or other fabric. When the machine is at work the motion of the
carriage brings the faller wire down on the threads and conveys them
into the guide; by this means the length of thread exceeding the
traverse of the carriage is taken up, and kept at the required tension
during the working of the machine. A double set of guides and faller
wires or their equivalents may be used to take up an additional length of
thread.
Another part of my Invention consists in producing the button hole
stitch on an ordinary embroidering machine by means of a notched bar,
which causes the thread to form a loop, through which the needle
is again drawn at the return stroke, thereby making a button hole
stitch.
Improve- MENTS IN SADDLES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Garnett at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th October
1874.
I, WILLIAM GARNETT, of Walsall, in the County of Stafford, Wholesale
Saddler, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for “Improve-
MENTS IN SADDLES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of the improvements hercin-after described in
saddles, the said improvements being especially applicable to military
saddles, but may also be applied to other saddles.
The object of my Invention is to effect in a simple and expeditious
manner the adjustment of the saddle to the size and shape of the back
of the animal, and that part called the "withers." This I effect by
combining with the ordinary saddle tree, and on the under side thereof,
an inner frame capable of adjustment to a greater or less distance from
the saddle, and thereby causing the saddle to accurately fit the animal's
back and withers.
The said inner frame has nearly the general configuration of the saddle
tree, that is it consists of two parts symmetrically arranged on opposite

page_text: sides of the saddle tree, each part consisting of a longitudinal piece which
follows the general figure of the bearing bar of the saddle tree, and a
cross bar or piece at its front end which follows the general figure of a
portion of the front arch of the saddle tree. The said inner frame is
connected to the under side of the saddle tree by means of box screws or
pins screwed on their upper ends, the said screwed ends passing through
holes in the saddle tree. Screw nuts or thumbscrews are applied to the
screwed ends of the pins which project above the saddle tree. I prefer
to use at the cross bar or piece of each side of the inner frame two
screw pins, and at the rear end of each of the longitudinal parts of the
inner frame a single screw pin, but I do not limit myself thereto. By
screwing the screw nuts or thumbscrews on the screw pins in one or
other direction the inner frame can be moved from or brought nearer to
the under side of the saddle tree. By screwing the thumbscrews on the
ends of the screw pins at the cross bars or pieces of the inner frame the
front bearing of the said frame may either be adjusted parallel with that
portion of the front arch of the saddle tree opposite to which it is
situated or be inclined thereto, and similarly by screwing the thumb-
screws on the ends of the screw pins at the rear ends of the longitudinal
parts of the inner frame the said parts may be adjusted parallel with or
inclined to the longitudinal bearing bars of the saddle tree.
By means of these adjustments the inner frame of the saddle may be
made to fit accurately the back and withers of the animal.
The front and back bearings of the inner frame may be adjusted
independently of one another.
By the use of the said inner frame and its adjusting mechanism the
saddle with which the said frame is combined can be adjusted to fit
accurately animals of different sizes and shapes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF LEATHER, CALLED 'SOLE LEATHER,' FOR THE PURPOSE OF HARDENING IT AND RENDERING IT IMPERVIOUS TO WATER
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hunter Henry Murdoch at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on tho
1st August 1874.-A communication from abroad by Barthelemy
Picard, of Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium, Tanner.
I, HUNTER HENRY MURDOCH, of No. 7, Staple Inn, in the County
of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF LEATHER, CALLED 'SOLE
LEATHER,' FOR THE PURPOSE OF HARDENING IT AND RENDERING IT IMPERVIOUS TO
WATER," to be as follows:-
This Invention, as communicated to me, relates to an improved modo
of treating leather used for the soles of boots and shoes, commonly
called "sole leather," for the purpose of hardening it, increasing its
durability, and rendering it impervious to water.
.
According to this Invention the sole leather suitably tanned is
immersed in milk of lime, in which it is allowed to remain and soak
until the lime has penetrated into the pores of the leather, and the said
leather has acquired the required degree of firmness or hardness. The
-time during which the said “sole leather" is immersed in the bath of milk

page_text: of lime depends upon the strength of the said bath, the thickness of the
leather, and the degree of hardness it is desired to impart to it. If
immersed in the milk of lime for a sufficient length of time the said
leather will become very hard, and quite impervious to water. When
removed from the bath the leather should be greased in order to give 5
back to it the flexibility it will have lost in the said bath. The said
leather-is-then-dried, and tlic superfluous grcaso on its surface having
been removed, and the said leather suitably rubbed it is fit for use.
This Invention although especially applicable to leather used in the
manufacture of boots and shoes is also applicable to leather to be used 1
for other purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REMOVING DEAD CENTRES IN CRANK SHAFTS, ESPECIALLY APPLICABLE TO HAND PUMPS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Davison at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th December
1874.
I, JOHN DAVISON, of South Shields, in the County of Durham,
Engineer and General Smith, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REMOVING DEAD CENTRES IN
CRANK SHAFTS, ESPECIALLY APPLICABLE TO HAND PUMPS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the removal of dead centres in crank shafts,
and is particularly applicable to pumps whether worked by manual
labour, steam, or otherwise. It consists of a barrel with solid ends,
keyed on to a longitudinal shaft supported in journals. This barrel is
hollow and divided diagonally and spirally into two portions, one portion
being so set apart from the other as to allow a pin, by the assistance of
antifriction rollers and when the barrel revolves, to travel to and fro on
the shaft, and between and along the divided portions of the barrel.
The external end of the pin projecting from the barrel is fitted to an
upright arm fixed to the centre of the cross head working the pumps.
The centre on which the cross head works is below the barrel, so that

page_text: when the pin is driven to and fro along the shaft by the revolutions of
the barrel, the upright arm is made to oscillate on that centre, thus
giving motion to the pump rods attached to the two horizontal arms of
the cross head. Motion is given to these parts by revolving in the usual
manner the longitudinal shaft.
AN IMPROVED PREPARATION OF BLACK LEAD FOR POLISHING STOVES AND OTHER USES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 30th December 1874.-A communication from abroad by
Eugène Decoudun, of Paris, France.
I, ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED PREPARATION OF BLACK LEAD FOR POLISHING
STOVES AND OTHER USES," to be as follows :-
This Invention relates to the preparation of black lead in a pasty
or semi-liquid form for polishing stoves, ranges, and other similar
purposes.
Black lead is ordinarily prepared in the form of a powder, which
requires to be diluted with water each time it is used. This is however
objectionable, inasmuch as after applying it on the metal surface it
requires to be well dried to avoid oxidation, and for this purpose it is
necessary to apply with a brush black lead in excess in a dry powdered
state, some of which is inevitably wasted, and soils the brushes, hands,
clothes, and everything with which it comes in contact. Moreover, on

page_text: the evaporation of the water with which the powdered black lead is
mixed the latter is left in a pulverulent condition, so that it readily
comes off, and cannot bo touched without soiling the hands.
The improvement of this Invention consists in the preparation of
black lead in a pasty or semi-liquid condition, in which form it may be 5
enclosed in casks, bottles, cases, boxes, or other vessels or receptacles for
wholesale or retail purposes.
The black lead may be prepared with various liquids, but preferably
with fatty matters, as it then serves to preserve the metallic surfaces
from oxidation, does not soil the hands or clothes after being applied 1
and polished with a brush, and will keep perfectly in the form of a
paste.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MECHANISM OR APPARATUS FOR TRANSMITTING AND MULTIPLYING ROTARY MOTION
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Mercer Hampson Simpson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd December 1874.-A communication from abroad by Frederick
Hampson Simpson, of South Windham, Connecticut, in the United
States of America.
I, MERCER HAMPSON SIMPSON, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Theatrical Proprictor, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MECHANISM OR APPARATUS FOR TRANSMITTING
AND MULTIPLYING ROTARY MOTION;" to be as follows:-
:-
The said Invention consists of the arrangement or combination of
parts herein-after described of mechanism for transmitting and multi-
plying rotary motion, by which arrangement of mechanism rotary
motion may be transmitted from one shaft to another, so as to give the
latter a high velocity without the tremor or vibration attendant on the
use of toothed wheels and the kinds of gearing in general use.
The shaft from which motion is to be transmitted has fixed upon it at
a short distance apart two wheels, the peripheries of the said wheels

page_text: being truly cylindrical in figure and of exactly the same diameter. On
another parallel shaft two similar wheels are fixed, the two wheels on
the last-named shaft being opposite to the two wheels on the first-named
shaft. The bearings in which the second shaft works are not fixed, but
are capable of a sliding motion through a short distance, so that the
wheels on the two shafts can by the said sliding motion be made to
approach to or recede from one another within a short range. One end
of the shaft to which a rapid rotary motion is to be transmitted is
situated between the two shafts already described, parallel thereto and in
the same plane. The bearing of the end of this shaft has also a very
limited sliding motion.

page_text: The mechanism described is well adapted for all purposes where a high
velocity is required in a rotating shaft, as for example, for driving
circular saws and fan blowers, grinding and polishing machines, and the
like.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Shawcross at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
November 1874.-A communication from abroad by Ellis Hope
Shawcross, residing at Jaroslaff, in the Empire of Russia.
I, JOHN SHAWCROSS, of Stockport, in the County of Chester, Cotton
Spinner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN STEAM ENGINES," to be as follows:-
1
This Invention refers to what are commonly called compound engines,
that is to say, those in which two cylinders are employed, and in which
according to the usual method the steam after having exerted its elastic
force in the one is conveyed into the other.
According to this Invention a cylinder is placed at each end of a
vibrating beam, and is adapted thereto by a separate connecting rod,
so that when one piston of a cylinder is exerting its force upward the
other is exerting its force downward. The steam does not pass from
one cylinder to another, but each cylinder has its separate supply from
the boiler, and the exhaust steam may pass into separate condensers or
into one common to both of the cylinders.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRICAL BURGLAR ALARMS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Greetham Wright at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 28th September 1874.-A communication from abroad by
Albert S. Howe, of Utica, State of New York, United States of
America.
I, EDWARD GREETHAM WRIGHT, of No. 23, Southampton Street,
Bloomsbury, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRICAL BURGLAR ALARMS,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to apparatus for giving an audible alarm in the
event of a burglarious attempt to enter a building, or to break open
safes or other receptacles of value. For this purpose the doors, windows,
or other portions of the structure demanding protection are provided with
conducting wires connecting a battery with an alarm apparatus, which
will be presently described, the wires being arranged in such manner
that no opening can be effected without breaking them and thereby
interrupting the electric circuit, whereupon the alarm apparatus is put
in action.

page_text: The alarm apparatus consists of a bell or other sounding body struck
by clockwork, which is retained by a detent attached to the armature of
an electro-magnet, so long as that armature is held in position by the
attraction of the magnet. As soon however as the activity of the
magnet ceases, which happens when the electric circuit through its coils
is interrupted, the armature acted on by a weight or spring recedes from
the magnet and thereby releases the detent, whereupon the clockwork
moves and causes the alarm to sound. The armature in its movement
to release the detent also moves an electric switch so as to break
electrical contact within the casing of the alarm instrument, and this
switch can only be replaced so as to complete the circuit by means of a
special key inserted through the casing.
In setting the apparatus ready for giving an alarm the conducting
wires are rendered continuous, the switch is set to make contact and
the clockwork is wound up. While the electric current is maintained
the clockwork remains at rest, but when the current is interrupted either
by the fracture of the conducting wires, or by the battery ceasing to
operate, the clockwork is released and the alarm is sounded, and con-
tinues to sound until the clockwork runs down, or until the wire is made
good and the switch reset.
The alarm apparatus may be situated in any convenient chamber of
the building or position where its alarm can be heard, or it may be
placed at a distance from the point to be protected, as for example in a
police station.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BEER
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Laubarede at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th November 1874.-A communication from abroad by Victor
Pierre Celestin Baud and Aubin Amedée Saulxures, both residing
at Paris, in the Republic of France.
I, CHARLES LAUBAREDE, of Percy Street, Fitzroy Square, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BEER," being a com-
munication to me from abroad by Victor Pierre Celestin Baud and
Aubin Amedée Saulxures; both residing at Paris, in the Republic of
France, to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in certain improvements in the manufacture of
beer by combining maize with barley malt.
In order to render the maize applicable to the purposes of this
Invention it is submitted to the following treatment:-In the first
instance sulphite, bi-sulphite, or hypo-sulphite of potash, soda, or limo
is dissolved in cold water in the proportion of 200 grammes to one
hectolitre of water. The said proportions must however be considered

page_text: as approximative only, as they may in some cases be varied within
certain limits with advantage. The maize is then submitted to this
solution and steeped-therein for about 48 hours. The maize having
been thus steeped is distributed upon a horizontal floor, and exposed to
the drying influence of the atmosphere for a sufficient length of time
for the grains to become dry on the surface. The maize having been
thus dried is submitted to the action of a grinding mill, by which it is
broken into pieces or particles of various sizes. The ground maize can
be then again dried and preserved, but can be more advantageously
employed if used immediately in combination with barley malt in the
approximate proportion of one-half or one-third of maize to one-half or
two-thirds of barley malt.
The process is as follows:-To deprive the maize of the rancid flavour
which it speedily contracts, owing to its oleaginous nature, the liarder
portions thereof which would otherwise resist the solvent action of the
diastase of the malt are separated during the steeping process. The
salts employed in the operation of steeping have the effect of facilitating
this separation, and of preventing all fermentation of the wet products
resulting from the treatment above described. The maize having been
thus hydrated. is in the condition best adapted for the operation of
brewing.
The particles of the maize are very fine and friable, and susceptible
to the solvent action of the diastase, and the husk, which collects in
large scales, greatly assists filtration of the wort produced during the
operation of mashing and brewing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PERAMBULATORS, RENDERING THEM APPLICABLE TO SWINGS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Simpson and Samuel
Thomas Fawcett at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 24th September 1874.
We, JAMES SIMPSON and SAMUEL THOMAS FAWCETT, both of Leeds,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF PERAMBULATORS, RENDERING THEM APPLICABLE TO SWINGS,"
to be as follows:-
The object of our Invention is to so form perambulators as to serve a
double purpose, not only as a vehicle in which to carry about children,
but also to be applied as an easy and comfortable chair for a swing, all
as hereafter described.
The perambulator when used as such has a similar appearance to those
of ordinary construction, but the body is so connected with the springs
and wheels that it can be readily removed and hung on the rods or ropes
of a swing. The swing is provided with suitable light uprights and a

page_text: cross piece all so attached to each other that they are easily taken to
pieces. From the cross piece are hung the ropes or rods carrying the
This arrangement of swing may be
other room, or if required out of
body of the perambulator or chair.
fixed up in a childrens' nursery or
doors.
IMPROVED ARRANGEMENTS AND COMBINATIONS OF MECHANISM FOR WORKING THE SLIDE VALVES OF STEAM ENGINES AND OTHER MOTORS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles William Collins at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th February 1874.
I, CHARLES WILLIAM COLLINS, of the City of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVED ARRANGEMENTS AND COMBINATIONS OF MECHANISM FOR
WORKING THE SLIDE VALVES OF STEAM ENGINES AND OTHER MOTORS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to the ordinary slide valves used for regulating
the ingress and egress of steam or other power, and also to all valves
having a to-and-fro traversing motion imparted to them, and consists in
the employment of toothed sun-and-planet wheels in connection with
connecting rods worked by cranks, arms, or levers. The planet wheel
gears into and revolves round the sun wheel, which is comparatively
stationary, it being partially turned from time to time by a lever or by.
gearing actuated by a lever worked by hand, or by an ordinary governor
or regulator, and to the planet wheel is fixed a crank or eccentric
connected by a rod to an arm or lever on the rocking shaft, to which is
fixed a slotted arm in connection with the valve rod, and the connecting

page_text: rod may have a slotted end or link if required. By means of this
arrangement the steam or other power can be cut off at any desired part
of the stroke and the valve adapted for the engine to be worked in
reverse directions, for when the sun wheel is partially turned in either
direction it shifts the planet wheel and also the crank or eccentric in
connection with it, the effect of which is to alter the position of the slide
as required, and if the pin in the slotted arm is moved nearer to or
farther from the centre the slide will have less or more traverse.
When the sun-and-planet wheels are used in a beam engine the
connecting rod is jointed to a stud near the centre of the beam or to an
arm or lever; but when used in direct acting engines the connecting rod
is moved to and fro by a crank on the main shaft of the engine or on a
countershaft.
In these arrangements the sun-and-planet wheels have spur teeth, but
in another arrangement I use bevil wheels, one revolving round the 1
other, the revolving wheel being worked by a connecting rod and a
crank or arm, and attached by one or more rods to the valve rod, tho
connecting rod being slotted or made as a link if required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHIPS' BOATS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Abbott at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st January
1874.
I, WALTER ABBOTT, of Deptford, in the County of Kent, do hereby
3 declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SHIPS'
BOATS," to be as follows :-
My Invention consists in the application of air cases to a ship's boat,
for the purpose of increasing its buoyancy, and in constructing the boat
with a hollow keel and keelson and water tanks, to ballast and impart
increased lateral stability thereto.
According to my Invention I employ air cases outside the ordinary
lines of a ship's boat, or I build the boat with air chambers, partly
outside and partly inside the boat.
In the first case the air chambers may be permanently or temporarily
attached, so that they may be kept in the boat out of the way until the
latter is afloat, and then thrown out and secured. The air cases are
preferably made cylindrical in form, and of a light substance, and are
secured by lashings or netting to battens fixed along the boat, beneath
the gunwale from bow to stern.

page_text: Instead of the air cases being made detachable they may be built in
the sides of the boat beneath the gunwale so as to project partly outside
and partly inside, as before mentioned, in addition to which air cases
may be fixed beneath the thwarts.
The keel and keelson are constructed in one of metal plates riveted
and connected to the boat frame by angle irons, and form one hollow
chamber with openings to the external water in the keel, and other
openings in the keelson to a tank constructed in the bottom of the boat.
This tank is always filled with salt water whilst the boat is afloat, which
serves as ballast, in addition to which fresh water tanks are also provided
on either side of the above tank, with a communicating pipe to maintain
the same level in both.
Iм- PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE or Gas
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Saunders Muir at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th April 1874.
I, JOHN SAUNDERS MUIR, of 31, Park Square, Leeds, in the County
of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE or Gas,” to be as follows:-
1
To obtain illuminating gas I take a vessel of sheet iron or other
suitable material of such dimensions as the circumstances may require.
This vessel may be either square or round, and in the upper part of this
vessel I place an aspirator or valve box like an ordinary bellows, and I
put this valve or bellows into motion by any mechanical arrangement,
and thus force a current of atmospheric air into the vessel or box. This
vessel I term the gas generator and I put a quantity of volatile
petroleum spirit or oil or any hydrocarbon oil; the atmospheric air being
blown through or over this hydrocarbon oil becomes converted into a

page_text: highly illuminating gas of great brilliancy. At the foot of the generator
I fix a glass syphon tube for the purpose of indicating the quantity of
bydrocarbon contained therein, there is also attached thereto a glass
tube in which is placed an hydrometer for shewing the density of the
hydrocarbon at any time during the operation.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF AIR GAS FOR LIGHTING AND HEATING PURPOSES AND IN THE APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Carl Ferdinand Schüssler at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd November 1874.
I, CARL FERDINAND SCHÜSSLER, of Hamburg, but now residing at
Shoreditch, in the County of Middlesex, do licreby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF AIR GAS
FOR LIGHTING AND HEATING PURPOSES AND IN THE APPARATUS CONNECTED
THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the production of a gas for lighting and
heating purposes, by a novel process of manufacture which will
effectually and uniformly saturate or impregnate atmospheric air with
hydrocarbon spirit, thereby giving such air highly illuminating and
heating properties.
The improvements may be described in the following manner:―
Within a chamber, box, or receptacle a series of channels or tubes of
peculiar construction are arranged so that they communicate with an
entrance pipe on one side of the chamber, and with an outlet or exit pipe
on the other side or top. This chamber or receptacle is closed in and

page_text: provided with a screw plug through which the spirit is fed to supply the
channels or tubes of the interior, the quantity of spirit so fed is regulated
by a float and rack actuating an index on the exterior of the chamber.
The entrance pipe of the chamber communicates direct with a bellows
provided with a reserve chamber and valve, which can be loaded so that
the escape of air from such reserve can be regulated at a pressure
desired.
The action of the bellows supplying the reserve chamber is obtained
through the medium of a crank shaft worked by a spring or weight, and
a train of wheels similar to those of a clock.
When sufficient spirit has been supplied to the channels or tubes in
the interior of the chamber the screw plug is replaced and the bellows
giving the feed of air set in motion.
The air as it is supplied to the chamber containing the hydrocarbon is
directed to pass along channels or tubes, during which and before it
escapes therefrom at the outlet before-mentioned, it becomes thoroughly
saturated and transformed into an illuminating gas, which may at once
be conveyed direct to the burners or stored for subsequent use.
In order that the evaporation of the spirit in the hydrocarbon chamber
shall not be reduced to a temperature producing condensation during the
process of manufacture, a syphon pipe in connection with a vessel outside
is arranged to enter the interior of the chamber; this syphon is supplied
with water from the vessel which is heated by a lamp, thus causing a
circulation through the syphon pipe of hot water, which maintains the
spirit during its absorption by the air at an uniform heat of about 60°
Fabrenheit.
The channels containing the spirit within the interior of the chamber
are constructed so that the spirit they contain is taken up by the
supply of air uniformly until the whole is absorbed, thereby allowing
no depreciation in the heating or illuminating qualities of the gas
produced.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ARRANGEMENTS OR APPARATUS FOR ECONOMISING FUEL AND CONSUMING SMOKE IN STATIONARY, MARINE, OR LOCOMOTIVE STEAM BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Stead Crosland at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th January 1874.
I, JAMES STEAD CROSLAND, of the City of Manchester, in the County
5 of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ARRANGEMENTS OR APPARATUS FOR ECONOMISING
FUEL AND CONSUMING SMOKE IN STATIONARY, MARINE, OR LOCOMOTIVE STEAM
BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES," to be as follows:-
My improvements are applicable to the fires or furnaces of steam
boilers, either stationary, marine, or locomotive, and to the fires or
furnaces for all general purposes, and consists in feeding and supplying
currents or blasts of hot air, which I obtain from the waste heat in the
flues of such furnaces by placing therein numerous series or clusters of
straight lengths of horizontal or vertical tubes or pipes, with or without
5 scrapers to clear away the soot or coils of tubes, with or without such
scrapers. Where waste heat is great in the funnel, chimney, or flues
large clusters of pipes are effective to absorb it, while the cold air
becomes heated by being drawn through the clusters of pipes by the
action of the draught of the furnace or otherwise. These pipes have the

page_text: air forced through them to the furnace by the action of a fan blast,
which thus creates a strong hot blast upon the coals and fire, while cold
air is excluded from the ash-pit.
In some cases the hot air thus obtained may enter other hot air flues,
as named in the Provisional Specification of my application for a Patent
numbered 4239, and dated 24th December 1873.
My Invention also consists in employing an exhaust fan blast for
circulating the unabsorbed heated gases and air back from the extremity
of the main flues to the furnace again, and thus to supersede in part if
not entirely the use of a chimney so far as regards the actual combustion
of fuel, except for the discharge of noxious gases.
When tubular fire-bars are employed, in which water circulates to
keep them from overheating, a portion of heated air is or may be supplied
into the ash-pit beneath the fire-bars.
The clusters of pipes before-named, which may be of metal or fire-
brick material, may be arranged in many different ways, one convenient
arrangement with 200 pipes is to admit the cold air at once into the first
series or cluster of 50 pipes most distant from the furnace, the pipes
being vertical, with the whole of the 50 pipes open to the atmosphere,
or the pipes are connected to the fan blast and the air is made to descend
to the bottom, where being connected to the next series or cluster by
pipes the air ascends to the top, and with a similar connection to the
third cluster again descends, and with its connection to the fourth
cluster ascends to the top, and the air greatly heated and expanded in
its course to about double its former volume is conducted in pipes and
flues into the furnace.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH GOVERNORS FOR MOTIVE POWER ENGINES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew Higginson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd January 1874.
I, ANDREW HIGGINSON, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH GOVERNORS FOR MOTIVE POWER ENGINES,"
to be as follows:-
The object of the first part of this Invention is to provide cheap and
efficient governors for motive power engines, and of the second part to
prevent racing and slowing of motive power engines on account of too
energetic motion of governors of the above or other construction.
Under the first head I construct a governor with two cog wheels
geared together in a suitable casing filled with liquid. The periphery of
one wheel for the space of two cogs fits close to a projecting piece on
one end of the casing, and at the opposite end of the casing there is an
adjustable piece so fitted as to cover the periphery of the other wheel for
the space of two cogs. A cylinder with a loosely fitting piston is
attached to the casing over the cog wheels. One end of the cylinder

page_text: opens directly into the upper side of the casing, the other end com-
municates with the under side thereof.
The action is as follows:-When the cog wheels are caused to rotate
in one direction the liquid in the casing will be caused to circulate from
over the cog wheels through the cylinder, past the loose piston, thence
under the cog wheels and up between the cogs and the projecting pieces.
If the cog wheels are caused to rotate in the opposite direction the
motion of the liquid will be reversed.
It will be obvious that the faster the wheels rotate the greater will be
the flow of liquid past the piston through the cylinder, and consequent
tendency for the piston to move in the direction of motion of the liquid.
If therefore connection be made between the piston and throttle valve,
greater or less speed will work the valve and so govern the engine.
Under the second head, as means for preventing racing and slowing of
an engine through too energetic motion of its governor, I use as the
reacting weight a piston fitted loosely into a cylinder filled with liquid.
A rod from the governor is attached to the said piston by or through a
spring directly or indirectly.
The advantages of interposing a spring as mentioned are that when
there is an excessive speed of the engine and its governor the spring 1
yields readily without too quickly moving the weight. On the other
hand should the engine and its governor be working at too slow a speed
the spring reacts quickly whilst the weight moves at the proper speed to
the required position.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CINDER SIFTERS AND COLLECTORS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Hawkins at the Office.
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
August 1874.
I, EDWARD HAWKINS, of Stainsby Road, Limehouse, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CINDER SIFTERS AND COLLECTORS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in cinder sifters or
receptacles for sifting and collecting the cinders and ashes as they fall
from ordinary fire-grates. For this purpose I construct a receptacle of
tin, sheet metal, or other suitable material, the upper surface of which is
perforated or formed with wirework, bars, or otherwise, and placed at an
angle to allow the ashes to fall through into the receptacle, whilst the
cinders descend down the incline into a pan placed in front of the
receptacle for ashes.
The pan for receiving the cinders may have a handle by which it can
be lifted to discharge the cinders when required, but if desired the pan
or receptacle for the cinders may be dispensed with, or it may form part
or be combined with the cinder sifter.

page_text: This improved cinder sifter or receptacle for ashes is constructed so
as to fit or pass readily under the fire-grate to which it is applied, and is
formed with an opening at the back upper end for discharging the ashes
when required.
as to fit or pass readily under the fire-grate to which it is applied, and is
formed with an opening at the back upper end for discharging the ashes
when required.
The
pan
for receiving the cinders is also formed to fit the front of the
cinder sifter.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM AND OTHER BOILERS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Edward Tenison Woods at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 21st January 1874.
I, JOHN EDWARD TENISON WOODS, of 2, Hillsborough Villas, West
Kensington Park, in the County of Middlesex, Chemical Engincer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM AND OTHER BOILERS," to be as follows:-
Steam and other boilers constructed on the Cornish system have an
interior tube in the boiler and extending through its whole lenght in
which the fire is placed. The acknowledged advantage of this system is
that increased heating surface and a more direct action of the fire on
the water space of the boiler is obtained. In this form of Cornish boiler
however a large tube is necessary in which the heated gases ascend to
the top and do not act on the lower interior surface of the tube by
which much effective heating surface is lost.
My improvement consists in placing a large closed tube of boiler plate
in the centre of the "Cornish" interior tube lengthways, which closed
tube is in various places made to connect by collar pieces and tubes
with the water space of the boiler of which it forms part. This closed

page_text: tube is placed just beyond the fire-bridge in some cases; and where
circumstances permit it is constructed throughout the tube and a
seperate fire is employed under the shell or lower outside of the boiler.
The advantage of this interior tube is that a double heating surface is
obtained in the annular space between the outside of the inner water
tube and the inner side of the "Cornish " tube through which all the
heated gasses from the fire must pass and the heat from them is most
thoroughly absorbed.
A "Cornish" boiler constructed with one of my interior closed water
tubes as above described gives from twenty to thirty per centum more
power than one of the same size constructed on the ordinary system.
I do not confine myself to any particular mode of constructing the
collar pieces which connect the water space with the interior water tube,
but the same can be either rivitted or secured by bolts and nuts in the
usual way.
AN IMPROVED CLOSE CARRIAGE ON A PAIR OF WHEELS, SO CONTRIVED AS TO BE SAFE AND OF LIGHT DRAUGHT
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Harvey at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th May
1874.
JOSEPH HARVEY, of Heron House, Heron Court, Richmond, in the
County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED CLOSE CARRIAGE ON A PAIR OF WHEELS, SO CONTRIVED AS TO BE
SAFE AND OF LIGHT DRAUGHT," to be as follows:-
My improved close carriage which I propose calling the "Duchess," is
so constructed as to combine perfect safety, ease, and comfort, with light
draught, and consists in the body being fixed immediately over the axle,
thereby providing for the exact balance thereof, either when passengers
or persons are therein or when empty.
The coachman seat is in the body of the carriage in one corner, so that
in case of accident he can ensure a safe retreat from the back for the
parties inside. One advantage of this two wheel carriage is that having
no driver in front the sight is not obstructed, and also that it can be
driven from the inside as well as over the roof, and the driver can be

page_text: communicated with without opening door or window. The shafts are
placed through the front panel without any inconvenience to passengers,
being fastened immediately on the inside with a nut which bring them a
proper height and balance for the horse, and also keeps an equal balance
to the carriage.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COLOURING BLOCKS FOR PRINTING FLOORCLOTHS AND Other Fabrics
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Thomas Mo Kay at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 21st April 1874.
I, BENJAMIN THOMAS MC KAY, of Kirkcaldy, in the County of Fife,
North Britain, Engincer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion of "IMPROVEMENTS IN COLOURING BLOCKS FOR PRINTING FLOORCLOTHS AND
Other Fabrics,” to be as follows, that is to say:―
This Invention which relates to improvements in laying the colour on
blocks for printing floorcloths and other fabrics, has for its object to lay
the colour on these blocks by a mechanical arrangement in lieu of
employing manual labour for that purpose.
D
The Invention consists in the employment of a roller covered or
padded with felt, blanket, or other similar material over which an outer
layer of prepared canvas is placed. The roller revolves in a tank or
trough in which the colour to be transferred to the surface of the block
is placed, and above the colouring roller a smaller roller is situato to
remove from the surface of the colouring roller any excessive colouring
matter which may be taken up thereby.

page_text: The smaller roller is or may be provided with a blanket, flannel, or
other porous wiper or "doctor" to remove therefrom the colour taken off
from the colouring roller.
The block to which the colour is to be communicated is laid at an
angle preferably in slide guides, and it is passed over the colouring roller
at or near the highest part thereof, whereby the colour is laid on to the
block and the operation of "searing" as hitherto practised is thus
Iм. PROVEMENTS IN GASALIERS
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Harrington and Henry
Brent at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 21st July 1874.
We, JOHN HARRINGTON and HENRY BRENT, both of Ryde, Isle of
Wight, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for “Iм.
PROVEMENTS IN GASALIERS," to be as follows:-
The Invention has for its object improvements in gasaliers, and relates
to novel arrangements and combinations of parts whereby the use of a
For this
hydraulic slide and of visible weights is dispensed with.
purpose instead of employing the ordinary telescopic slide with the
packing fitted on the interior tube, we fix a stuffing box on the exterior
tube, and the stuffing box we prefer to employ is formed as follows:-
The outer or sliding tube is formed with a packing space between it and
the inner or fixed tube. The stuffing box cover is formed cylindrical,
with one tube to surround the outer or sliding tube, and with a screw
thread on the inside to fit a corresponding thread formed on the outside
of the sliding tube. The stuffing box cover is also formed with another
tube or ram to fit the interior of the stuffing box, and we by preference

page_text: fill such stuffing box with silk. Thus by turning the cover the pressure
on the packing can be readily adjusted, whilst the packing is prevented
coming in contact with the screw threads. By these means a perfectly
gas-tight joint is made which is easily accessible for adjustment or
repairs. The outer tube instead of being the fixed tube as in ordinary
telescopic slidės is the moveable tube, and to this tube the supporting
chains are fixed, which instead of passing over pulleys forming part of
or carried by the gasalier are carried up into the space above the ceiling
and are then passed over or fixed to a pulley and are acted by a
weight or spring also above the ceiling to counterbalance the gasalier.
When using a spring to counterbalance the gasalier we employ in
order to compensate for the varying tension of the spring a voluto wheel
or fusee to which the spring is attached by a chain or cord or its
equivalent.
66
"
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING AND SPINNING FLAX, HEMP, JUTE, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1874

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Tredgold Lawson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Potition, on the
9th December 1874.
I, ARTHUR TREDGOLD LAWSON, of Leeds, in the County of York,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING AND SPINNING FLAX, HEMP, JUTE,
AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:—
The object of this Invention is to enable the gill bars of chain gills to
be brought closer together than heretofore, in order to obtain a finer
pitch, and that without detracting from the steadiness of the gills while
in action.
The Invention has special reference to the machine known as Good's
preparing machine, and patented August 22nd 1871, No. 2211. In this
machine the gill bars are free to turn in sockets which form the joints
for the links of the chains by which the gills are carried through their
course, and in order to guide the gills and insure their maintaining a
proper position while in action the bars are fitted at each end with
cranks or dogs provided each with two guide pins, which work upon

page_text: fixed guides on the side frames of the machine. These cranks or dogs,
from requiring a certain space to act in, necessitate the keeping of the
bars a corresponding distance apart from each other, to keep the dog of
one bar clear from that of the next adjacent bar in the act of turning
over.
I now propose to fit the bars at one end only with a guiding crank
making the bar with the dog on its left hand end follow a bar which is
fitted with a crank on its right hand end and so on throughout the
series.
To maintain the steadiness of these bars I square those ends which are
not fitted with a crank, and elongate them sufficiently to enter a slot or
guide formed in the end frames. Thus the steadiness of the bars will be
maintained while in action, and the pitch of the chain may be reduced
and the bars brought much closer together than heretofore.