matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF FULLING MACHINE
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Apperly and William
Clissold at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 13th April 1859.
We, JAMES APPERLY, Cloth Manufacturer, and WILLIAM CLISSOLD, Engineer,
both of Dudbridge, in the County of Gloucester, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF FULLING MACHINE,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a novel arrangement of the rollers of fulling
mills, the object being to produce the fulling operation with the least possible
amount of friction, an excess of which tends greatly to deteriorate the quality
of the goods by injuring the threads of which the cloth is composed, and
causing broken fibres to work out of the cloth during the act of fulling, and
the subsequent operation of dressing. To avoid these evils we use but one
pair of fulling rollers, and these we mount horizontally in the fulling mill, and
drive in the usual way. The endless band of cloth to be milled is passed over
guide rollers, and between a pair of driven nipping rollers which are situate
immediately above the fulling rollers. These rollers draw the cloth forward,
and allow it to drop into the bite of the fulling rollers by which it is fulled or
milled while in a slack or unstrained state. To facilitate the traverse of the
cloth over the floor or bottom of the mill case, we employ a reciprocating
pusher, which being placed below the fulling rollers will drive against the
cloth as it falls from, the fulling rollers, and push it forward in folds to the

page_text: other end of the mill case, whence it is drawn up over the guide rollers, as
above explained.
To keep up a proper temperature in the mill we may find it desirable to
insert a coil of steam pipe in the case, or to blow steam into the case.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE TO MULES FOR SPINNING
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James King and John Sutcliffe at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
29th November 1859.
We, JAMES KING, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster, Cotton Spinner,
and JOHN SUTCLIFFE, of the same Place, Overlooker, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPLICABLE
TO MULES FOR SPINNING," to be as follows:---
The first part of our Invention consists in an improved combination of
machinery for regulating the winding of the yarn on to the spindles. The
winding-on chain is connected in the usual manner to the nut of the screw of
the radial arm, and this screw has a bevel pinion at its lower end, which is
driven by another pinion, to which is fixed a pulley. Our improvements relate
to the mode of giving motion to this pulley. A rod, with three or other con-
venient number of catches upon it, is supported at one end by the pulley
connected to the bevel pinion above referred to, and at the other end on an
antifriction roller a weighted band or strap is attached to the rod, and passes
over the pulley fixed to the bevel pinion. A weighted lever of the usual con-
struction is connected by a chain to the faller shafts. This weighted lever has
a projection which, when the yarn is too tight, comes against one of the
catches of the rod and moves this rod longitudinally as the carriage is running
in; the weighted band or strap connected to the rod is thus made to turn the
pulley partly round, thereby giving motion to the bevel pinions which turn the
screw of the radial arm, and thus move the nut of the winding-on chain fur-

page_text: ther from the fulcrum of the radial arm. When the double cone of the bottom
of the cop is completed, the weighted lever is held above the catches on the
rod, and the winding on continues until the cop is completed. By this means
the nut is raised on the screw so as to vary the speed of the winding-on
motion in proportion to the gradually increasing diameter of the cops.
Another part of our Invention consists in an improved mode of scavenging
or removing the flyings from the carriages and roller beams of mules; the
apparatus for effecting this consists of brushes or clearers connected to the
mule carriage, and made to traverse to and fro along it by a worm on the tin
drum shaft acting on a pinion, which, by suitable gearing gives motion to a
band passing over pulleys mounted at each end of the carriage, or any other
combination of machinery may be used for imparting the requisite traverse
motion to the brushes or clearers.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE PLOUGH OR PLOUGHSHARE FOR THE PURPOSE OF MORE EFFECTUALLY PULVERIZING, BREAKING UP, OR CUTTING INTO SMALL PARTICLES THE EARTH OR SOD SEPARATED FROM THE GROUND BY THE PLOUGHSHARE
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Justice Packer at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th February 1859.
J, WILLIAM ROBERT JUSTICE PACKER, of No. 4, Leinster Street, in the
Parish of Saint Mark's, in the County of the City of Dublin, Dyer and
Scourer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE PLOUGH OR PLOUGHSHARE FOR THE PURPOSE OF MORE EFFECTUALLY
PULVERIZING, BREAKING UP, OR CUTTING INTO SMALL PARTICLES THE EARTH OR
SOD SEPARATED FROM THE GROUND BY THE PLOUGHSHARE," to be as follows, viz*. :-
The Invention consists in affixing to the plough or ploughshare works
which by the movement of the plough are made to revolve, and thereby the
earth, or sod, as raised or separated from the ground by the ploughshare, is
brought into contact with rakes, spikes, or such like projecting instruments,
and by their revolution or movement cut or ground into small particles.
These works consist principally of a cylinder placed to the ploughshare,
which moves a wheel, and by means of this wheel a pinion, with or without a
square or collette attached, studded with rakes, spikes, or such like project ing
instruments, revolves, and by such revolution the sod or earth as separated
from the ground is crushed or cut up.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REFLECTORS FOR DIFFUSING ARTIFICIAL LIGHT
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Millar at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st October
1859.
I, JOHN MILLAR, of Edinburgh, in the County of Mid Lothian, North
Britain, Glass Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN REFLECTORS FOR DIFFUSING ARTIFICIAL LIGHT," to be as
follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to the so constructing or forming reflectors for
diffusing artificial light that they may greatly improve and increase any artificial
light to which they may be applied at a very low cost and in a very simple
manner. In the case of ordinary reflectors the whole of the original artificial
light is thrown upon one object or directed in a concentrated form, so that
the result is an intense light without any material diffusion, and hence the
apartment where it is placed is dimly lighted except in the intermediate
neighbourhood of the line of light, where a dazzling effect is produced.
In the case of lighthouse or beacon reflectors, on the other hand, the original
light is broken up or disintegrated by the multitude of small reflecting surfaces
into numerous small sections.
By the present arrangement, which is herein termed the "five-light
reflector," the whole size of the original light is maintained by the reflecting
surfaces, whilst each separate image or reflection in the cluster is perfect and
complete in itself.

page_text: The improved reflector consists of a square, oblong, or rectangular plate of
metal or other material, such as silvered glass slightly bevilled inwards upon
its reflecting face, which is divided into four triangular sections or portions by
lines running diagonally across the face from corner to. corner, the intersection
being in the centre of the plate. The light is placed in front of this reflector
directly opposite the central intersection, and at a particular distance mathe-
matically determinable there appears a cluster of five brilliant lights when
there is in reality but one original light. The light is diffused by this reflector
equally in every direction, and thus a very effective illuminating power is
secured at a cheap rate.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE SPEED OF STEAM ENGINES CONNECTED WITH THE PROPELLING OF STEAM BOATS OR SHIPS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert William Sievier at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents with his Petition, on the 7th
December 1859.
I, ROBERT WILLIAM SIEVIER, F.R.S., of London, in the Kingdom of
Great Britain, but now temporarily residing in the Hanseatic Town of
Hamburg, Germany, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE SPEED
OF STEAM ENGINES CONNECTED WITH THE PROPELLING OF STEAM BOATS OR SHIPS,"
to be as follows:-
this
I place inside of the boat or ship a tube as seen in the accompanying
Drawing at a, which tube is inserted into the vessel at the stern, having a
communication with the water by a number of holes b to prevent either
extraneous matter or too sudden a rush of water into the tube. In this tube
is placed a body c, which although hollow must be of considerable weight;
body is attached to a rod d, which works in a stuffing box; a chain e is
attached to this rod which works over and turns the pulley h, or a crank, as
in bell hanging, so that I may turn round corners as may be necessary in a
cheap and effectual manner. At the other end of this chain and connecting
rods or wires are counterbalance weights f to that in the tube c, say that in
the tube weighs (when out of the water) some eighty pounds weight which
would be sufficient for a large steamer. At any convenient point between
these two weights is placed the lever g, which moves the throttle valve of the

page_text: steam engine, to which lever g is attached the wire which goes to the pulleys
hand i. The deck floor is supposed to be at k to which is fixed the brackets
m and n to support the pullies. We will suppose the ship to be at her proper
water line p; the throttle valve would then be quite open, but suppose the
water line was at the point o, the water line in the tube a would fall to o,
and the weight c would fall with it and the throttle valve would be partially
closed as seen by the dotted lines q, and less steam would be given to the
engine, and although the screw would be partially out of the water its speed
would not be increased. The circumstance of the screw altering at emersion
is instantly communicated to the throttle valve, and it opens and closes
accordingly; this closing and opening may be more accurately regulated by
weights of small dimensions as seen at r. An air pipe is seen at t to allow
the air to escape or enter at the top of the tube a; v represents the bottom
part of the rudder and w the screw. This a mere general sketch and principle
of my Invention, having no detail, which will be given with proper Drawings
and full Specification.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederic William Hart at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
May 1859.
I, FREDERIC WILLIAM HART, of Horncastle, in the County of Lincoln,
Philosophical Instrument Maker and Photographer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention consists, in the first place, in constructing a photographic
printing frame in such a manner as to admit of adjusting thereby the negative
stencil or mask on the prepared paper or surface, and securing the same
thereon as required. For this purpose I provide a frame capable of being
moved or worked in any direction over or on the back board or bed on which
the prepared surface is fixed, such frame being afterwards secured in the
required position by means of screws or other suitable means so as to hold the
stencil mask or negative on the prepared surface ready for printing. This
frame is hinged and fixed at one end so that the reverse end may be released
and raised when required in order to inspect and examine the picture as
a whole instead of only the half of the same as in ordinary printing frames,
and afterwards again secured in its position without disturbing the original
arrangement of the stencil mask or negative on the prepared surface.
And my Invention consists, in the second place, in constructing the said
moveable frame so as to adapt it for holding tablets or surfaces to be printed
from of varying sizes. For this purpose a curved or other slide is adapted

page_text: and applied thereto so as to be capable of being moved along the frame
to the position required in order to grasp or hold the said printing tablet
or surface.
And my Invention consists, in the last place, in applying vulcanised india-
rubber, or other similar elastic material, to the bed or back board for the
prepared surface to rest upon, in order to facilitate the bringing of the printing
and the prepared surfaces into the required close contact.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING ENGINES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Daniel Makinson and James
Hope at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 2nd December 1859.
We, DANIEL MAKINSON, of Bolton-le-Moors, in the County of Lancaster,
Mechanic, and JAMES HOPE, of Harwood Lee, near Bolton-le-Moors, aforesaid,
Carder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING ENGINES," to be as follows:-
The object of our Invention is to reduce the quantity of waste produced in
carding cotton and other fibrous materials, and to improve the quality of the
carding. Our improvements consist in casing up the lower surface of the main
cylinder, and in making a grid in the said casing at or near the centre of the
main cylinder, to allow the dirt and flyings to escape into the box under the
carding engine. Another grid is placed for the same purpose under the licker-
in, and a third partly under the doffer. By this means the longer staples of
cotton or other fibrous material which are now thrown off and wasted are
retained on the circumference of the main cylinder, while only the dirt and
very short fibres are thrown off.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REFINING OIL
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Maltby at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st October
1859.
I, WILLIAM MALTBY, of De Crespigny Park, Camberwell, in the County of
Surrey, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN REFINING OIL," to be as follows, that is to say:-
These improvements consist in the application of certain methods and means
for clarifying oils, and also for removing or rendering innocuous other impurities
contained therein.
The first method consists in mixing with the oil a small portion (say one per
cent., or a little more or less, of the liquid ammonia of commerce; the mixture
being well agitated, the impurities will afterwards be deposited, or it may be
filtered through a filter composed of a salt.
My second process consists in adding to the oil to be refined a small quantity
of proto-oxide of lead (about one per cent.), I then raise the temperature
nearly to that of boiling water; the mixture being then allowed to stand, the
impurities are deposited; the proto-oxide of lead may be obtained from the
acetate or nitrate of lead, combined with hydrate of lime, or from other well
known compounds. In order to render the last described method of purifica-
tion more perfect, I mix, pass through, or add to the partly purified oil, a
portion of sulphuric acid or sulphuretted hydrogen or salt (chloride of sodium,
or any other substance which will precipitate the lead previously added; after
this, I in some cases wash the oil.
AN APPARATUS. YIELDING ILLIMITED POWER, SO CALLED FRENCH MOVEMENT
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ange Jumelais at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd May 1859.
I, ANGE JUMELAIS, Householder, of the City of Paris, in the Empire of
France, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN APPARATUS.
YIELDING ILLIMITED POWER, SO CALLED FRENCH MOVEMENT,'" to be as follows:-
The principle upon which rests the apparatus designed under the above
bead, is no other but that of the atmospheric pressure acting freely as it does
in nature, that is to say, in a permanent manner. This apparatus consists of a
series of tubes tightly connected with each other, each tube containing a helix
of ordinary form, which actuates a shaft projecting from the said tube, and
operating an external pulley. The issuing out of the said shaft from the tube
is to take place without any intrusion of the air into the interior of the tube,
that is to say, without any leakage, which can easily be obtained by means of
a stuffing-box lid. The permanent pressure is obtained by means of a double
piston sucking pump, which actuates one end of the connected tubes. The
power exerted by the pump is unvariably the same, whatever may be besides
the number of the tubes constituting the suction tube. The same pressure
may also be obtained by means of a waterfall, or any rapid stream; for this
purpose the tubes, including the helixes, must be arranged so as to represent
a siphon. In all cases the individual power yielded by each helix is to be
centered on the external pulleys in the usual manner, and according to the use
it is applicable to. When my unlimited power apparatus is applied to

page_text: conveying friable substances, then it must consist of a tube leading from the
spot where such substances lay, to the place where the same are to be
transfered. This tube is afterwards set into communication with a recipient,
in which the substances are to be deposited, which recipient is communicating
through another tube containing helixes with a double piston pump. The
leading tube can be made to follow the sinuosities of the ground on that only
condition, that the currents of air shall have a rapidity equal to twice that of
full speed trains. When my apparatus is used for conveying Post Office
despatches, then the letters are to be enclosed in india-rubber balls, the
diameter of which is the third of that of the leading tube. By atmospheric
pressure water can also be raised at any height by fitting a valve on the tube,
at three feet about above the level of the water, and a recipient on the top of
the ascension tube, so that whenever by means of a pump the vacuum is
made within the apparatus, the lower valve can be opened. When the
vacuum is once made, the atmospheric pressure being stronger than the
column of vater that is within the tube, the latter is flung into the upper
recipient.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Pitt Kennedy, at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th September 1859.
I, JOHN PITT KENNEDY, of Torrington Square, in the County of Middlesex,
Lieutenant Colonel and Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS," to be as follows:-
My improvements in steam boilers consist in providing means of expansion
and contraction for the flue or flues independently of the expansion and
contraction of the external portion of the boiler, in order to prevent the
dangerous strains, bendings, disruptions, and warpings produced by unequal
heatings at the same time, with their otherwise inevitable effects. And one
means of effecting this object is by providing one extremity of each flue with
a sliding gland and stuffing box, which, of course, must be water and
steam-tight.
IMPROVED MEANS FOR TRANS- MITTING MOTIVE POWER TO SHIPS' PUMPS, AND OTHER ARRANGEMENTS BY WHICH THE DISPLACEMENT OF FLUIDS IS EFFECTUATED
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Pierre Leonard Marc Debain at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd April 1859.
I, PIERRE LEONARD MARC DEBAIN, of Paris (France), Gentleman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS FOR TRANS-
MITTING MOTIVE POWER TO SHIPS' PUMPS, AND OTHER ARRANGEMENTS BY WHICH
THE DISPLACEMENT OF FLUIDS IS EFFECTUATED," to be as follows:-
The Invention relates to an improved mode of transmitting motive power
to ships' pumps, or other similar mechanical arrangements for displacing fluids,
and consists in providing the said arrangements with a vessel by preference in
the form of a hollow sphere, in the interior of which is situated a diaphragm
formed of any suitable elastic material, which diaphragm receives on one of
its surfaces the impetus of steam, vapor or other motive power, and by its
opposite surface transmits this impetus to the water or other liquid to be acted
upon, and which latter, at the required moment, and by means of proper valves,
cocks, or other suitable means, is permitted to come in a proper situation for
being acted upon by one of the surfaces of the diaphragm, whereas the action
of the steam or other prime motor on the opposite surface of the diaphragm
is also regulated by any suitable means.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF TELEGRAPHIC CABLES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Joy at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th November
1859. A communication from abroad by Charles de Bergue, residing
at Barcelona, in the Kingdom of Spain.
I, DAVID JOY, of Strangeways Iron Works, Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF TELEGRAPHIC CABLES," to
be as follows:-
This Invention has reference to machinery intended for laying or paying a
binding of strands, wires, or other covering over or around cables, and more
particularly the formation of cables already the subject of existing Letters
Patent granted to Charles de Bergue, of Dowgate Hill, in the City of London,
Engineer, consisting of a series of longitudinal strands around a gutta percha
core enclosing the electric conductor, the whole being payed over with a
binding as aforesaid, and one part of the Invention also having reference to
the delivery of cables from out of or away from the machines employed in
making them, and so as to prevent the injury to which they are liable in
consequence of coiling round the delivery drums ordinarily employed.
And the said Invention consists in constructing machinery to lay or pay two
or more strands, wires, or coverings simultaneously or at one operation, side
by side of and close to one another, over or around the parts so to be bound
or covered, in such manner as to place them like a flat band, around such
parts, or otherwise to lay or pay an already manufactured flat band or bands,
or covering over or around such parts, by winding the binding by means of and

page_text: from off bobbins carried around the parts to be covered. The effect of the
machinery being to bind or cover the parts required more rapidly, or with a
less number of rotations than if a single round binding strand only were laid
at one rotation, and further in constructing the machinery with a self-acting
stopping motion, which will take effect in the event of the binding, or part or
parts thereof becoming broken, and also in constructing the machinery so as
to draw the cable in process of manufacture through itself, and to deliver it
out of or away from itself by means of grooved gripping rollers driven at the
requisite speed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING POPPIES TO OBTAIN A PRODUCT RESEMBLING OPIUM THEREFROM
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William M°Andrew and Charles
Wilson Boyd at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 15th July 1859.
We, WILLIAM MANDREW, of 57, King William Street, in the City of
London, and Charles Wilson Boyd, of Sochia, Asia Minor, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING POPPIES
TO OBTAIN A PRODUCT RESEMBLING OPIUM THEREFROM," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in treating poppies to obtain
a product resembling opium therefrom. Heretofore, opium has been obtained
by making incisions in the poppy, so as to cause the juice to run from it.
This juice is collected and treated in various ways to bring it to a marketable
form. Now, according to our Invention we take poppies which have been
gathered and dried, and grind them to powder, and treat the powder with a
solvent to extract from it the active principles of the poppy. The solvent
which we prefer is alcohol, but in place thereof or in conjunction therewith
other solvents may be employed. The solution, when prepared, is evaporated
in a still, and the solvent then passes over, is condensed, and collected ready
to be again used. The product resembling opium which it is desired to obtain
remains behind in the still.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CUTTING OUT THE SOLES AND COUNTERS OF BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Thomas Hughes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th December 1859.-A communication from abroad by Monsieur
Louis Letournel, Manufacturer, of Rue de Lyon, Passage d'Orient, 17,
Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, EDWARD THOMAS HUGHES, of the Firm of Hughes & Son, Patent Agents,
123, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CUTTING OUT THE SOLES AND
COUNTERS OF BOOTS AND SHOES," a communication from abroad by Monsieur
Louis Letournel, Manufacturer, of Rue de Lyon, Passage d'Orient, 17, Paris,
in the Empire of France, to be as follows:-
I make the requisite number of matrices of iron or other suitable metal with
bevilled cutting edges, the said matrices being fastened together with screws,
and a piece of metal placed between them to keep them at the proper distance
asunder. The leather is fixed on a suitable table or support, and pressure
applied by lever or other mechanical means, by which the operation is
completed at once. A spring is placed on the top of the apparatus to force
the sole, heel, or welt out after it is cut, the seam being also marked on the
leather at the same time, one of the matrices being furnished with teeth for
that purpose. This apparatus is applicable to either sewed or rivetted boots
and shoes.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CULTIVATING LAND
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Craib Ross at the Office.
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st March
1859.
I, ROBERT CRAIB Ross, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of
"IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CULTIVATING LAND," to be as follows, that is to
say:-
This Invention relates to improved apparatus for cultivating land by horse,
steam, or other motive power, and has for object the treatment of the soil in
more effectual and economical manner than has hitherto been attained.
In one modification of the apparatus the digging or cultivating details aro
carried upon a simple rectangular frame or carriage mounted upon wheels,
and arranged to be drawn by horses or ropes.
The digging or cultivating mechanism is of the rotatory kind, a series of
digging blades or forks being mounted upon a revolving drum or frame,
which (in this modification) is driven by a strap or otherwise, from one of the
axles of the supporting wheels. The digging blades or forks are mounted
upon studs parallel to the axis of the drum carrying them, and are capable of
turning upon the studs in a manner and to an extent determined by a
stationary guide or guides. The guide or guides are so shaped or contrived
that each digging blade or fork enters the soil vertically, or nearly so, to a
certain extent, notwithstanding the combined rotatory and progressive motion
of the digger 'drum. The blade has next an accelerated motion, succeeded by

page_text: a complete or partial pause, and these combined movements are designed to
throw the soil off the blade, and so avoid its being carried round.
In another modification the revolving digger drum, arranged as described,
is adapted to be worked by steam power.
The details of the apparatus may be modified in various ways, the main
feature of improvement being the arranging the individual diggers upon the
revolving drum, so as to be capable of independent movements, such are
herein-before described.
If necessary or desirable the individual diggers may be contrived to have a
swivelling motion for throwing off the soil laterally, and this swivelling motion
may also be imparted by means of fixed guides.
THE MANUFACTURE OF AN IMPROVED CIGAR
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Lewis Roberts at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th February 1859.
I, CHARLES LEWIS ROBERTS, of Clerkenwell, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "THE MANUFACTURE OF
AN IMPROVED CIGAR," to be as follows (that is to say):-
My Invention, having reference to the manufacture of an improved cigar,
by which the same may be rendered more agreeable and less pernicious to tho
smoker than hitherto, consists in enclosing within the ends of cigars during
manufacture tubes or mouthpieces of glass or other suitable material, so
formed as to admit of one end being readily held within the mouth of the
smoker, whilst the other is firmly imbedded in the cigar, the said mouthpieces
being ornamented or not, as may be found desirable, or coloured in imitation
of amber or otherwise.
A NEW IMPLEMENT FO CLEANSING OF THE PLATES, DISHES, AND OTHER TABLE OR KITCHEN USTENSILS
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Eugène Hippolyte Rascol, at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
October 1859. A communication from abroad by Johanna Perry, of
51, Rue Dareau, Gentilly, near Paris.
I, EUGÈNE HIPPOLYTE RASCOL, of 4, Brydges Street, Gentleman, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "A NEW IMPLEMENT FO CLEANSING
OF THE PLATES, DISHES, AND OTHER TABLE OR KITCHEN USTENSILS," to be as
follows:-
.
The method hitherto used for the cleansing of plates, dishes, &c., has great
inconveniences, first of all the persons charged with this work are obliged to
plunge their hands into the hot water, thus greatly injuring and damaging the
skin. Then the rags actually used are very soon dirty and greasy and must
be frequently changed, moreover their handling is very disagreable. To
remedy all these inconveniences I suggest the use of a small broom or brush
made as follows:-To the end of a handle or stick, the most convenient length
of which I find to be about one foot, I adapt a brush of about the size of the
brushes used by painters, i. d., four to five inches length and three to four
inches diameter; but instead of being made of hair I make these brushes
with tow yarn, flax yarn, jute, together or separate, mill waste of all description,
cotton yarn, or flock, linen or cotton threads, linen or cotton cuttings of, all

page_text: description, all the above materials being very easily cleansed and kept in
good state of cleanliness. It is besides understood that with this new imple-
ment it is no more necessary either to plunge one's hand into the hot water or
to handle the dirty and greasy dishe-cloths as before.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PLOUGHS
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Roman Cichowski, of Linow, in the Kingdom of
Poland, Landed Proprietor and Agriculturist, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PLOUGHS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Roman Cichowski at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st
October 1859.
I, ROMAN CICHOWSKI, of Linow, in the Kingdom of Poland, Landed
Proprietor and Agriculturist, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PLOUGHS," to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object the formation of the mould board, and the
combination of the same with the share, so as to cause the plough to operate
on the ground, raise, turn over, and deposit the furrow slices in succession at
an angle of 45 degrees or thereabouts to the plane of the ground with
diminished friction and resistance therefrom. For this purpose the share and
mould board are formed and combined so as to constitute one continued
instrument or operator without any cavity between them. The outer surface
of the mould board is formed according to a spiral with a pitch determined.

page_text: by the arc through which the furrow slice has to travel in passing from its
original horizontal position to that in which it is deposited, divided by the
length of the plough (that is, the length of the share and mould board taken
together) minus half of the length of the share, that is, the furrow slice having
to pass through an arc of 135 degrees or thereabouts; this number divided by
the length of the mould board, added to half that of the share will yield a
quotient which is the pitch of the spiral according to which the mould board is
formed. The after part of the mould board beginning from or near the point
which causes the furrow slice to assume a vertical position is also formed
with a curve or bend which leaves the portion of the furrow slice in contact
therewith in such a manner as to diminish the friction and resistance of the
same to the action of the mould board. In other respects the plough may be
varied.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN JACQUARD MACHINES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Crossley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th June
1859.
I, HENRY CROSSLEY, of Failsworth, near Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN JACQUARD MACHINES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in an improved combination of parts forming a
"double lift-band jacquard machine." The ordinary wire hooks are dispensed
with, and bands substituted for them arranged in alternate rows, the odd rows
being raised by one grife and the even rows by the other grife. Each double
row of bands (that is, one odd band and one even band,) is acted upon by the
same needle, the two bands being coupled together and attached to one thread
of the mounting of the loom. The aforesaid bands are held tight when the
cylinder is acting on the needles by means of weights or springs, so that a
proper selection of threads can be made according to the desired pattern. By
this means each end of the warp can be raised as often as required, and thus
enable the "double lift-band jacquard machine" to produce any kind of fabric.
IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO ORDNANCE
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by François Alexandre Lo Mat at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
July 1859.
I, FRANÇOIS ALEXANDRE LB MAT, of New Orleans, in the State of Lousiana,
in the United States of America, Colonel Aide-de-camp, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO ORDNANCE,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention of improvements applicable to ordnance consists in adapting
to the touch or vent hole of ordnance or cannon a contrivance for the purpose
of closing the vent of the cannon while the piece is being loaded.
In ordnance of the present construction, this object is effected by the
gunner placing his thumb or finger on the vent, and closing the same while
the operation of loading is taking place. Accidents frequently occur in con-
sequence of this operation of closing the vent being sometimes very imper-
fectly done by the gunner, thereby causing the charge to explode prematurely.
Of late years it has been usual to fire the charge by means of a detonating
cap, ball, or primer, which is exploded by means of a hammer adapted to the
touch-hole or vent of the cannon for the purpose. This hammer preparatory
to striking the primer is placed in a vertical position, in a similar manner to
the trigger of a musket or pistol, and it is brought down with a smart blow
on to the charge by pulling a cord or strap attached to the tail of the hammer.
My Invention consists in adapting to the end of the lever of the hammer a

page_text: vertical adjustable plug, or other convenient and suitable contrivance which
will cover up and stop the vent.
In order to admit of the hammer being drawn back so as to bring the
adjustable plug over the touch-hole, a slot is made in the hammer arm, and
when the hammer is made to strike the primer, it is at the same time pulled
back from the touch or vent hole so as to prevent the gas that issues from the
vent when the primer has been exploded, from blowing off the hammer as has
sometimes happened.
It will be understood that when the hammer, after having exploded the
primer, is drawn back, the vertical adjustable plug will be brought over and
made to stop the vent, and thereby prevent the admission of atmospheric air.
In carrying out my Invention I place a wedge-shaped piece or incline below
the body of the hammer, and when the hammer is drawn back as above men-
tioned, this incline or wedge shaped piece will keep the plug or stopper down
on the vent hole. This plug or stopper may be kept down by means of a
strong spring if preferred, so as to give some slight degree of elasticity to the
contrivance. I find it convenient to make this plug or stopper adjustable in
the head of the hammer so as to admit of it being screwed up or down in its
bearing as may be required.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN INKSTANDS AND DATE INDICATOR
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Brown at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st October
1859.
I, CHARLES BROWN, of Warwick Street, Pimlico, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN INKSTANDS AND DATE INDICATOR," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in constructing an inkstand to be compact without
being cumbersome, and contain sufficient room in the inside for ink bottles,
pens, paper, and other requisites, and is made of wood, brass, tin, or other
material, and of a circular, semicircular or octangular shape, but I do not
strictly confine myself to these shapes. The inside is suitably divided or par-
titioned by means of thin strips of wood, or other material, and, is so adapted
that the ink bottles are in front. It is also provided with a lid fixed on one
or more hinges at the back which contains the indicator after refered to.
When the lid is opened in an upright position the indicator is visible, and
the contents of inkstand exposed and at hand for use, and when closed are
secured from dust and dirt and liability of misplacement and damage by
servants and others, and thus provide against a common cause of annoyance.
My inkstand is provided with an improvement for indicating the day, date,
and month, and year, also when required this is done by means of a fixed plate
or face properly marked, and several plates of circular form, also properly
marked and made to revolve; these plates or circles may be made with or

page_text: without cogs or notches. I do not confine myself to make them of an entire
circle, but may use them in the form of a semicircle, quadrant, or other shape,
and to indicate the whole or only a portion of a year without resetting except
when an indicating finger is used. This improvement, especially when the
face is provided with an index face for the whole year, will answer the pur-
poses for which an almanack is ordinarilly required.
A NEW METHOD OF ADVERTISING
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Andrew Evans and Walter
James Handscombe Rodd at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 19th January 1859.
We, THOMAS ANDREW EVANS, of 15, Queen's Road, Bayswater, and WALTER
JAMES HANDSCOMBE RODD, of 38, Arlington Square, Islington, Artist, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW METHOD OF
ADVERTISING," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in adapting the surfaces of tobacco pipes or pipes
used for smoking tobacco, herbs, and the like, to the purpose of advertising,
by means of letters either raised, printed, or indented, either plain or coloured,
or by placing advertisements already printed upon paper or such like material
upon the bowls and stems of pipes, either by pasting, gluing, or otherwise
securely fastening the same.
CONSTRUCTING THE JAW OR JAWS OF VICES, AND HOLDING TOOLS IN GENERAL WITH A BALL-AND-SOCKET JOINT
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Francis Hutchins at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
July 1859.
I, EDWARD FRANCIS HUTCHINS, Architect, of Albert Cottages, Perry Street,
in the Parish of Northfleet, Kent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "CONSTRUCTING THE JAW OR JAWS OF VICES, AND HOLDING TOOLS
IN GENERAL WITH A BALL-AND-SOCKET JOINT," to be as follows:-
I form one or both jaws of any vice or other tool by which I require to hold
any object generally in three main separate pieces, one of which I call the
ball, and the other two respectively the front and back sockets, the former by
preference being a part of the said vice or tool, and so much of it as is required
I turn as part of a true sphere; the two latter pieces are carefully fitted to it,
and connected together in any convenient manner, so as to retain any required
position on the ball, for the most convenient reception of objects to be held
therein; the effect of which arrangements is, that if any object whose sides are
either parallel or not be introduced, and the jaws tightened up; then the jaws,
by the sockets partially rotating on the ball, adjust themselves to the sides of
the said object, whether they lie in different planes or in the same plane with
each other, which is not the case in any other vice or holding tool as hitherto
constructed.
In some cascs (for instance, in constructing a joiner's bench vice, as see
Drawing No. 2) I dispenso with the use of one socket, retaining the jaw in

page_text: its place on the ball by a plate in a groove, so that I do not limit my claim to
the before-described exact method of constructing jaws of vices or other
holding tools, but claim as my Invention the principle of forming the jaw or
jaws of any vice or other holding tool with a ball-and-socket joint, so as to
move freely in every direction, and so universally adapt themselves to the 5
object to be held.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PURSES OR PORTE- MONNAIES, AND IN AN IMPROVED LOCK OR FASTENING APPLICABLE TO PURSES, BAGS, OR OTHER SIMILAR RECEPTACLES
Year: 1859

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph and Gustav Goldberg
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 14th November 1859.
We, JOSEPH and GUSTAV GOLDBERG, both of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PURSES OR PORTE-
MONNAIES, AND IN AN IMPROVED LOCK OR FASTENING APPLICABLE TO PURSES, BAGS,
OR OTHER SIMILAR RECEPTACLES," to be as follows:-
The first part of the Invention is designed for the purpose of rendering the
sides of the purse, porte-monnaie, or pocket-book and purse combined, elastic
or expansible when required to contain a quantity, and to occupy a small
space when empty, or nearly so. The improvement consists in so forming or
constructing the side or sides of the purse or receptacle with gussets or extra
pieces that the middle portion of such side may be pressed out, and so afford
more space in the purse or receptacle to contain a greater quantity of money
or other articles when desired.
The improvement relates secondly, to a novel description of lock or fastening
for purses, bags, pocket books, and other similar receptacles, and consists in
two plates of metal (one being secured to each of the edges or parts to be
secured together) having a straight slot terminating in a circular orifice formed
therein, such orifice being at opposite ends in each plate. These two plates

page_text: are secured together by a double headed sliding bolt or stud which retains or
fastens them together so long as it remains in the straight slot, but they may be
disconnected or unfastened by sliding the stud to the orifice at the end of the
slot, through which the stud or bolt is then drawn.
A NEW AND IMPROVED PROCESS OF MAKING BREAD AND CERTAIN MACHINERY CONNECTED WITH IT
Year: 1859

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection only.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean François Conscience at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
October 1859.
I, JEAN FRANÇOIS CONSCIENCE, of No. 8, St. John Street Road, Clerkenwell,
London, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A NEW AND IMPROVED PROCESS OF MAKING BREAD AND CERTAIN
MACHINERY CONNECTED WITH IT," to be as follows:-
This Invention will be advantageous for the public, as it will give an increase
of bread more nutritious, and which will keep longer without becoming mouldy
or sour, and which soaks better in soup than the ordinary bread, and which
can be sold cheaper. In order to obtain it, it is necessary to make a decoction
of the bran of wheat or any other grain in a boiler which will be described
below; the bran after being boiled for 20 or 25 minutes in the proportion of
80 per cent. of bran to 70 per cent. of water, more or less, for a less quantity
of bread could be obtained by diminishing the bran, or a greater by increasing
the bran; the liquid will be extracted by the said machine, and will be mixed
with the flour for the ordinary process of kneading or by a mechanical kneading
trough.
This machine can be made of cast or wrought iron, of a combination of both;
the boiler will be of copper tinned, or of cast iron, its shape cylindrical, and
its size proportionate to the quantity required for the batch. The boiler will
be supported by a slotted upright piece of iron on each side with two screws

page_text: which will keep it suspended over the fire on a grate adapted to these upright
pieces, which grate can be raised or lowered by a screw moved by a wheel or
other contrivance. Two small handles are also adapted to these upright pieces
for keeping the boiler in an inclined position for emptying the residue of the
process. A cross bar will be fixed to the upright pieces, in the middle of
which will be placed a screw to be moved by a wheel which will press upon a
wooden cover and force the liquor to come out by a tube adapted at the side
close to the bottom, a fine wire sieve being placed across the tube. A sheet
iron cover for the fire can be used for keeping back the heat when emptying
the boiler of its contents. Before pressing the liquor the grate should be
raised so that this cover may reach the bottom of the boiler to prevent it
receiving any strain from the pressure of the screw. Different measures will
be used in the process separately according to the quantity required.