IMPROVEMENTS IN APparatus FOR SPINNING AND TWISTING WOOL, COTTON, SILK, AND OTHER FIBrous Sub- STANCES
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Sidney Emsley, Agent, of Bradford, in the
County of York, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APparatus
FOR SPINNING AND TWISTING WOOL, COTTON, SILK, AND OTHER FIBrous Sub-
STANCES."'
Scaled the 10th July 1874, and dated, the 24th February 1874.
3
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Sidney Emsley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th February 1874.
.
I, SIDNEY EMSLEY, Agent, of Bradford, in the County of York, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS. IN
APPARATUS FOR SPINNING AND TWISTING WOOL, COTTON, SILK, AND OTHER FIBROUS
SUBSTANCES," to be as follows, that is to say :-
My Invention relates to employing endless bands in proximity to the
top of the spindles for drawing and draughting of fibrous materials,
aud to employing auxiliary drawing rollers of larger diameters than
those used in spinning for making mottled yarn, or for covering material

page_text: with another of superior quality and valuc during the process of
spinning; also to regulating the tension or drag, and to employing a
fixed spindle and flyer, to which is fitted a kind of zig-zag apparatus for
the purpose of putting in the twist above the flyer and before any
tension or drag is put on in the winding on the bobbin or spindle, for
which latter method Provisional Protection was granted to me dated
December 12th 1873, No. 1093.
By the present method of drawing and draughting rollers are
employed which feed themselves at a given ratio, whilst other rollers
draw out the fibres forming a smaller slubbing, roving, or yarn; the
material is supported by carrier rollers which have a slight lead one
upon the other as they approach the drawing or draughting bosses, and
also have loose wooden carriers running by contact, pressing on the
material in process, preventing such material from being untwisted and
helping to regulate the draughting between the front carrier rollers and
draughting rollers at which point the fibres losing the support are
liable to become unequally drawn, causing a cessation of continuity in
draughting and forming irregular thicknesses. To remedy these evils I
employ endless bands which are passed round the front carrier rollers
and between the nip of the draughting rollers, then round carrier
rollers fitted in front of the delivery rollers, above and in proximity to
the top of the spindles; also passing under the bottom parts of the
drawing rollers and round the carrier rollers forming an endless band
which supports, carries, and laps or strokes in the fibres, also supporting
and carrying them after draughting during the process of twisting,
producing smoother and more even yarns and preventing the frequent
breakages by the methods employed heretofore. These bands may be
used without the front carrying rollers or without the carrier rollers
beyond the draughting bosses, or may be used in conjunction with the
drawing rollers.
I also employ auxiliary drawing rollers working on the same shaft
and by the sides of the ordinary drawing rollers, but made larger in
diameters; these auxiliary drawing rollers will draught fibrous materials
to a longer length than the ordinary rollers working by their sides,
which in twisting by the spindles cause the longer draughted length to
twist round the fibrous material in the process of twisting and delivered.
by the smaller or ordinary rollers, which process may be employed.
.

page_text: for making mottled yarn or for covering ouc material with another of:
superior quality and value.
:
I would have it well understood that I use two separate sets of
rollers of different diameters to form one thread during the process of
spinning.
}
'
I regulate the tension or drag for the ordinary throstle spindles by>
employing a lifter plate made hollow, to which is fitted a movable lid:
having holes in which are fitted round bushes or projections through
which pass the spindles; these bushes or projections pass. the lid when,
the lid is at its bottom stroke, and have cloth or leather washers of
larger diameters than the bushes or projections; the bobbins are placed'
on these washers and when empty and light they require more drag or
friction; the movable lid is then raised, bringing it on a level with the
bushes or projections, causing the washers to receive an extra friction,
giving more drag. This lid is actuated by excentrics working in the
hollow lifter plate and put in motion by means of levers and gear fitted
to the bolster rail. When the bobbins become full and heavy the
gear working the excentrics causes the lid to fall, leaving the washers
to turn on the bushes or projections, giving less friction, consequently
equalizing and regulating the tension.
i
I also employ an apparatus formed in a zig-zag shape which is fitted,
on the top of the spindle or flyer. This apparatus is made of steel or
other metal and is constructed with two wings, one folding. over the
other, leaving apertures on each side for the introduction of the slubbing
roving yarn or twisted thread to pass, lapping in the fibres and con-
fining such materials and preventing the escape during the process of
twisting, except in the ordinary way by an opening formed at the base
where the wings are attached and in a line between the two branches of
the flyer and above the spindle and flyer, whence it passes over the edge
of a cup placed on the top of the flyer and thence down the wing of the.
flyer to the bobbin. The zig-zag apparatus forms a sort of lock giving
the entire twist before passing the top of the spindle and before any
drag is put on.
For spinning and twisting at a great speed my improved spindle is
made short and fixed in the bolster rail in which is fitted a bush upon;
which turns a wharle having two uprights fitted to it forming the flyer.
These uprights have about the centre a ring formed by twisting them.

page_text: round and leaving sufficient space at the point of junction to allow a
thread to pass in the interior; the thread before arriving there passes
round an arm or projection which serves for friction instead of wrapping
the flyer which heretofore has been the practice. The uprights enter
at the top loosely into a cup or round plate giving it motion. The cup
or round plate is fixed on the top of a small spindle working in a socket
on the top of which and above the cup or plate is fitted my improved
zig-gag apparatus herein-before described.
I also employ two slides working through the bush and wharle
serving to work a small round plate on the spindle. These slides are
moved up and down in the ordinary way by the lifting bar to form or
shape the bobbin.. On the top of the plate turns an iron or other metal
washer having indentations on cach side, allowing it to slide up and
down the uprights from which it receives motion. This iron washer.
lias. upon it a loose cloth washer which by its friction against the bottom
of the bobbin reduces the friction of the bobbin on the dead spindle..
In order to regulate the drag of the bobbin when full or empty, I
reduce the surface of the spindle by making flat places on it, for when
the bobbin is empty it has more drag; I therefore reduce the friction
surface at the point where the bobbin starts, gradually increasing it as
thic bobbin becomes fuller, for heavier the bobbin the more it presses on
the washer, being the reverse of a moving spindle.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Sidney Emsley in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 24th August 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, SIDNEY
EMSLEY, Agent, of Bradford, in the County of York, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of February in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the
thirty-seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Sidney Emsley, Her special licence that
I, the said Sidney Emsley, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Sidney Emsley, my executors, administrators, and

page_text: assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SPINNING AND
TWISTING WOOL, COTTON, SILK, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," upon the con-
dition (amongst others) that I, the said Sidney. Emsley, my executors.or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under-my, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly.describe and ascertain tho
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to bo
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after. the date of tho
said Letters Patent.
.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Sidney Emsley, do hereby declaro the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to bo
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained-in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereto annexed
and to the figures and letters marked thereon, that is to say:
The said Invention relates to regulating the tension or drag and to
employing a fixed spindle and flyer to which is fitted a plate having
openings for the purpose of putting in the twist above the flyer, and
before any tension or drag is put on in the winding on the bobbin, or
spindle..
I regulate the tension or drag for the ordinary throstle spindlo by;
employing a lifter plate made hollow to which is fitted a moveable lid,
having holes in which are fitted round bushes or projections through
which pass the spindles. These bushes or projections pass the lid when
the lid is at its bottom stroke, and have cloth or Icather washers of
larger diameters than the bushics or projections; the bobbins are placed
on these washers and when empty and light they require more drag or
friction; the moveable lid is then raised bringing it on a level with the
bushes or projections, causing. the washers to receive an extra friction
giving more drag; this lid is actuated by eccentrics working in the
hollow lifter plate and put in motion by means of levers and gear fitted
to the bolster rail. When the bobbin's become full and heavy the gear
working the excentrics causes the lid to fall, leaving the washers to turni
on the bushes or projections, giving less friction, consequently equalizing
and regulating the tension.

page_text: sectional side view shewing lifter plate lowered. Similar letters of
reference are used to represent similar parts.
A, Figures 1, 2, and 3, is a fixed spindle fastened in the bolster rail
of a spinning or twisting frame, having a spindle B of smaller diameter
on which rotates the spindle C, to which is fitted a flyer D, having
twizzles E formed on the arms of the flyer to receive the thread without
having to pass it round or under the usual end of the flyer; theso
twizzles enter holes made in a flange F of the wharle G, which wharlo
in rotating gives motion to the flyer D and spindle C; on the wharle G
is formed the wharle pulley H. The wharle G rotates on a fixed cup I,
which is secured by means of a set screw to the bolster rail; this set
screw also secures the spindle A. On the top of the spindle C and
flyer D is fitted a plate J having openings K in which is passed the
thread L giving a certain friction to the thread, causing the tension to
be relieved from the delivering roller, and at the same time causing the
twist to be conveyed directly to the nip of the delivery roller, by
which means the thread or material to be spun receives its twist before
the drag of the bobbin is put upon it. In the fixed cup I is fitted a
sliding rod M having on the top a plate N on which is placed a washer
O; on this washer is placed the bobbin P or spool; the washer O by being
larger or smaller regulates the drag of the thread or material L. The rod'
M and plate N have an up-and-down motion actuated by the ordinary
lifting plate, lifting or lowering the bobbin P in the fixed cup I; the
cup I serves to prevent the throwing out of the fibres from the bobbin..
Figures 4 and 5 represent a spindle and flyer with moving cup. A,
fixed spindle on which rotates the spindle C in a similar manner to the
spindle of the fixed cup; on the spindle C is also fitted a similar flyer D,
but instead of having a round plate J it is made with an ordinary top
Q; the twizzles E fit in a flange R formed on the moving cup S, on
which is formed the wharle pulley H; the cup S rotates in a fixed round
boss or bolster T firmly secured to the bolster rail by means of a set
screw securing the spindle A and boss together; the bobbin P is worked.
in a similar manner to that hercin-before described.
.
Figures 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11, represent a lifter plate to regulate the
tension or drag of the ordinary throstle spindle in preparing or spinning.
A', hollow plate having bosses B' formed on it, having openings through
which pass the spindles; on these bosses is fitted a loose plate or lid C¹,

page_text: the lid C¹ works up to the level of the bosses so as to cover them.
When the bobbin commences to be formed it is on a level with the plate.
C', and as the bobbin becomes filled and heavier the lid descends leaving
the bobbin to rest on the bosses only, giving less friction by the washer
having less surface to work on. The lid is actuated by a stud D' having a
flat part, as shewn in Figure 11; this flattened part acts as an eccentric
and the stud is actuated by a lever fitted to the lifter motion.
.
Having thus described my Invention and the best means I am
acquainted with for carrying the same into effect, I would have it under-
stood that I do not confine myself to tho precise details shown and
described as they may be varied without departing from the peculiar
character of the Invention; but what I do claim is,―
Firstly. The construction and employment of spindles and flyers with
fixed and moveable cups, the said spindles and flyers being actuated by.
the end of the wings of the flyers.beyond the twizzles, as herein-before
described and represented in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, of the accom-
panying Drawing.
Secondly. The construction and employment of a plate with openings'
fitted on the top of the spindle, giving the twist to the thread between.
the delivery rollers and the plate, as hercin-before described and
represented in Figures 1, 2, and 3, of the accompanying Drawing.
:
Thirdly. The employment of the lifter plate as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Sidney Emsley, have hereto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of August, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four.
2
Witness,
WALTER JAMES TURNER, C.E.,
Patent Agent,
Bradford.
SIDNEY EMSLEY. (L.S.)¯