IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF "PACKS" OR BAGS FOR HOLDING AND CONVEYING WOOL
Year: 1884

page_text: I, SAINT JOHN VINCENT DAY of Glasgow in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Civil Engineer and Patent Agent do hereby declare the nature of the said
invention for "
'IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF "PACKS" OR BAGS FOR
HOLDING AND CONVEYING WOOL to be as follows:-
This Invention, which relates to improvements in the manufacture of "Packs "
or Bags made of jute for holding and conveying wool, has for its object to prevent
shreds or fibres of the jute of which such "Packs" or Bags are made from
becoming separated from the jute and mixed with the wool.
"
The attainment of the foregoing object has long been a desideratum in "Packs
or Bags for the packing and conveying of wool as the fibre of the jute of which
the said "Packs or Bags are made is extremely tender and brittle and for that
reason throws off with the slightest rubbing a large quantity of shreds or fibres of
jute which adhere to the greasy wool. The jute cloth also tears and unweaves
itself each time the bales are handled, so that at last the raw wool has mixed up
with it shreds or fibres which hitherto it has proved impossible to pick out for the
reason that the eye cannot easily detect them. These shreds or fibres of jute
become further mixed with the wool in carding, combing, spinning and weaving
operations without exhibiting their presence but in the operations of dyeing woollen
yarns or fabrics they become detected as they do not take up the dye in the same
proportions as the wool itself, the shreds or fibres of jute assuming a darker hue
than the wool so that it is only at very considerable expense the jute shreds or
fibres can be removed from yarns or fabrics in the spun or woven state.
ม
In order then to prevent the shreds or fibres of jute from separating themselves
in the manner herein before described the yarns of which the cloth used for forming
the "Packs or Bags, that is to say, either the warp yarn alone or both the warp
and the weft yarns is or are singed so as to remove the loose fibres and then sized
or starched or gummed or not sized or starched or gummed. By this treatment the
shreds or loose fibres are either wholly got rid of by the singeing operation, or

page_text: should any such shreds or fibres remain after the singeing operation these are or
may be laid and caused to adhere close to the body of the yarns by the sizing or
starching operation, and after being woven into cloth, if there should be any further
shreds or fibres still remaining loose upon the cloth, especially on the side which
forms the interior of the "Packs" or Bags all such shreds or fibres are removed by
cropping or singeing them, or by cropping and singeing them.
By treating either the warp or weft yarns or both in the manner hereinbefore
described, the jute fibres are prevented from separating themselves into the wool.
The yarns treated according to these improvements are or may be used for
weaving either twilled or plain cloth.

page_text: I, SAINT JOHN VINCENT DAY, of 115 St Vincent Street, Glasgow, in the County
of Lanark, North Britain, Civil Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare
the nature of the said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
"PACKS" OR BAGS FOR HOLDING AND CONVEYING WOOL" and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
This Invention which relates to improvements in the Manufacture of "Packs"
or Bags for holding and conveying wool has for its object to prevent shreds of the
Jute fibre of which such "Packs" or bags are made, from becoming separated from
the Jute and mixed with the wool contained in such "Packs" or bags.
The attainment of the foregoing object has for long been a desideration in "Packs"
or bags for the packing and conveying of wool, for the reason that the fibre of the
jute of which the said "Packs" or bags are made, is extremely tender or brittle
and throws off, with the slightest rubbing, a large quantity of shreds or fibres,
which adhere to the greasy wool contained in such "Packs" or bags formed of
Jute. The jute cloth also tears and unweaves itself, each time the bales are
handled so that at last the raw wool has mixed up with it, shreds or fibres which
hitherto it has proved impossible to pick out for the reason that the eye cannot
easily detect them. These shreds or fibres of jute become further mixed with the
wool, in carding, combing, spinning, and weaving operations without exhibiting
their presence, but in the 'operations or processes of dyeing woollen Yarns, or
fabrics they become detected, as they do not take up the dye in the same proportion
as the wool itself, the shreds or fibres of jute assuming a hue differing from that
of the wool, so that it is only at very considerable expense that the jute shreds
or fibres can be removed from yarns or fabrics.-In order then to prevent the
shreds or fibres of jute from separating themselves, as hereinbefore described, the
yarns, previous to their being woven into the cloth used for forming the "Packs"
or bags, are so treated that they shall not give off such shreds or fibres as
aforesaid.
In treating the yarns previous to their being woven into the cloth used for
forming the "packs" or bags, either the warp yarn alone or the weft yarn alone or
both the warp and weft yarns is or are singed so as to remove the loose fibres and
then sized or starched or. gummed or treated with other glutinous substances, or
the yarns may be sized or starched or gummed or treated with other glutinous
substances alone, that is to say, without being first singed, or it may be singed with-
out being sized, starched or gummed or treated with other glutinous substances.-
By this treatment, the shreds or loose fibres are either wholly got rid of by the
singeing operation, or, should any such shreds or fibres remain, after the singeing
operation, they are or may be laid and caused to adhere close to the body of the
yarns by the sizing or starching operation, or, when not singed they are caused to
adhere by the sizing or starching operations alone. If after being woven into cloth,
there should be any further shreds or fibres, still remaining loose upon the cloth,
especially on the side which forms the interior of the "Packs" or bags, all such
shreds or fibres are removed either by cropping or singeing them or by both
cropping and singeing them.
By treating either the warp or weft yarns or both the warp and weft yarns in
the manner hereinbefore described, the jute fibres are prevented from separating
themselves into the wool.

page_text: The yarns treated in the manner herein before set forth are or may be used for
weaving either twilled or plain cloth.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is :-
"
CLAIM.
In the manufacture of "Packs or bags for holding and conveying wool, the
treating of the warp yarn alone or the weft yarn alone or both the warp and weft
yarns by singeing alone or by sizing starching or treating with other glutinous
substances alone or by singeing in combination with sizing, starching or treating
with other glutinous substances, substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore
set forth.