IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to David Crichton, William Donbavand, and Duncan
Crighton, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Machinists, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said David Crichton, William
Donbavand, and Duncan Crighton, at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 11th October 1866.
We, DAVID CRICHTON, WILLIAM DONBAVAND, and DUNCAN CRIGHTON, of the
City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Machinists, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates, first, to the taking-up motions of looms, and consists
in improved arrangements, of machinery or apparatus for combining oscillating
leverage having compensating diminishing motion with ratchet wheel arrange-
ments of a compound,nature, for, the purpose of giving intermediate speeds
between the regular changes of the wheels in order that the various diameters
of the beam with cloth' made by weaving, multiplied by the velocity of the
beam at that time, will always give the same product, thereby ensuring uniform
surface motion to the cloth during the process of weaving, and making the
cloth even throughout the piece.
The application of our Invention to the loom will remedy the defects which

page_text: exist in the ratchet wheel and pawl taking-up motions now in use, which give
different products when the various diameters of the beam with cloth are
multiplied by their corresponding velocity, and therefore the cloth is uneven
throughout the piece.
Secondly, instead of the ordinary swell motion of the shuttle boxes we
employ at each end of the lathe or batten a parallel oscillating pressure
mechanism actuated by the shuttle when it boxes clear of the warp, so as to
receive, press against, and travel with the [shuttle to assist in checking its
progress before meeting the pickers and enable it to have an easy entrance
and delivery from the boxes one to the other when driven by the pickers,
thereby considerably reducing the power required to work the loom, and
diminishing the wear in the parts that operate the shuttle action.
The nature of our improvements will be understood by the following
description thereof, reference being had to the figures and letters on the
accompanying Sheet of Drawings, in which Fig. 1 is a transverse section, and
Fig. 2 a front elevation of part of a loom with one arrangement of our improved
taking-up motion; Fig. 3, a transverse section of another arrangement for
effecting the same object; Fig. 4, a plan of one end of the lathe or batten
with our improvements connected with the shuttle motion; and Fig. 5, a
back view of the shuttle detached.
In Figs. 1, 2, and 3, a reciprocating bar marked a is placed on a stud fixed
to the lathe sword 6 of the loom, and at the other end of the said bar a is fixed
a pin c connected to the oscillating diminishing lever d carrying the working
pawls e, which give motion to the compound ratchet wheels f, one of which
has more teeth than the other. The said compound wheels are fixed to a
shaft passing through a bearing to the outside of the loom and convey motion
by a train of wheels to the cloth beam, as shewn in the Drawings, the detent
pawls for the compound wheels f being shewn at g; the pin c is also jointed
to one end of the swing bar h, the other end of which is connected to the rod i
which lies on the cloth beam j. k represents the stop rod finger which lifts
the detent pawls from the compound wheels f when the loom stops; when the
loom is put in motion the lathe sword oscillates, giving motion to the oscillating
diminishing lever & and the working pawlse which turn the compound wheels f,
giving motion to the beam through the train of wheels, as shewn in the Draw-
ings. At the commencement of weaving a piece of cloth the pin c in the
reciprocating bar a is at its lowest position in the opening of the oscillating
diminishing lever d, and there gives the greatest quantity of motion to the
said lever d, the pawls e, to the compound ratchet wheels f, and to the cloth
beam by the train of wheels; as the beam increases in diameter with the

page_text: cloth the rod i which lies on the beam will rise and lift the swing bar h and
raise the pin c in the opening of the oscillating diminishing lever d, and thereby
cause the required decrease of speed to be given to the compound wheels f
and the cloth beam j.
In Fig. 4, n represents one end of the race board of the lathe for the shuttle
to work backwards and forwards; o, the shuttle, having grooves p, Fig. 5, or
their equivalents in the back of it of a proper depth for an oscillating binder q
to enter, which binder presses against the shuttle for a certain distance in its
travel in the boxes and dispenses with the ordinary swell motions; r represents
a-lever for working the stop rod; s, a spring for bringing back the oscillating
binder to its commencing position; t, the end of the stop rod finger and u one
of the pickers and picking rods; and the other end of the lathe is arranged
in a similar manner.
The operation of the motion is as follows:-When a shuttle enters a shuttle
box the end of one of the grooves p comes in contact with the oscillating
binder on that side and presses it backwards and with it the stop lever r, and
the stop rod finger t, and continues its motion with a gradually decreasing force
until it comes against the picker u, which then operates the return stroke and
throws the shuttle o across the race board into the box on the opposite side of
the lathe to repeat a similar operation.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said David Crichton, William Donbavand, and Duncan Crighton,
in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 11th April 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, DAVID
CRICHTON, WILLIAM DONBAVAND, and DUNCAN CRIGHTON, of the City of Man-
chester, in the County of Lancaster, Machinists, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eleventh day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the thirtieth year of Her reign,.
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said
David Crichton, William Donbavand, and Duncan Crighton, Her special
license that we, the said David Crichton, William Donbavand, and Duncan
Crighton, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we,,
the said David Crichton, William Donbavand, and Duncan Crighton, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no,
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein

page_text: 'expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention' for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," upon
the condition (amongst others) that we, the said David Crichton, William
Donbavand, and Duncan Crighton, our executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of their bands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said David Crichton, William Donbavand,
and Duncan Crighton, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement (that is to say)
This Invention relates, first, to the taking-up motions of looms, and consists
in improved arrangements of machinery or apparatus for combining oscillating
leverage having compensating diminishing motion with ratchet wheel arrange-
ments of a compound nature, for the purpose of giving intermediate speeds
between the regular changes of the ratchet wheel in-order that the various
diameters of the beam with cloth made by weaving, multiplied by the velocity
of the beam at that time, will always give the same product, thereby ensuring
uniform surface motion to the cloth during the process of weaving, and making
the cloth even throughout the piece.
The application of our Invention to the loom will remedy the defects which
exist in the ratchet wheel and pawl taking-up motions now in use, which give
different products when the various diameters of the beam with cloth are
multiplied by their corresponding velocity, and therefore the cloth is uneven
throughout the piece.
Secondly, instead of the ordinary swell motion of the shuttle boxes we
émploy at each end of the lathe or batten a parallel oscillating pressure
mechanism actuated by the shuttle when it boxes clear of the warp, so as to
receive, press against, and travel with the shuttle to assist in checking its
progress before meeting the pickers and enable it to have an easy entrance
and delivery from the boxes one to the other when driven by the pickers,
thereby considerably reducing the power required to work the loom, and
diminishing the wear in the parts that operate the shuttle action.
The nature of our improvements will be understood by the following
description thereof, reference being had to the figures and letters on the
accompanying Sheet of Drawings, in which Fig. 1 is a transverse section, and

page_text: Fig. 2 a front elevation of part of a loom with one arrangement of our
improved taking-up motion; Fig. 3, a transverse section of another arrange-
ment för effecting the same object; Fig. 4, a plan of one end of the lathe or
batten with our improvements connected with the shuttle motion; and Fig: 5,
a back view of the shuttle detached.
In Figs. 1, 2, and 3, a reciprocating bar marked a is placed on a stud fixed
to the lathe sword 6 of the-loom, and at the other end of the said bar a is
fixed a pin c connected to the oscillating diminishing lever d carrying the
working pawls e, which give motion to the compound ratchet wheels f, one of
which has more teeth than the other. The said compound wheels are fixed-to
a shaft passing through a bearing to the outside of the loom; and convey
'motion by a train of wheels to the cloth beam, as shewn in the Drawings; the
detent pawls for the compound wheels f being shewn at g. The pin c is also
jointed to one end of the swing bar h, the other end of which is connected to
the rod i which lies on the cloth beam j; k represents the stop rod finger
which lifts the detent pawls from the compound wheels f when the loom stops,
when the loom is put in motion the lathe sword oscillates, giving motion to
the oscillating diminishing lever d and the working pawls e which turn the
compound wheels f, giving motion to the beam through the train of 'wheels, as
shewn in the Drawings. At the commencement of weaving a piece of cloth
the pin c in the reciprocating bar a is at its lowest-position in the opening of
the oscillating diminishing lever d, and there gives the greatest quantity of
motion to the said lever d, the pawls e, to the compound ratchet wheels f, and
to the cloth beamj by the train of wheels; as the beam increases in diameter
5 with the cloth the rod i which lies on the beam will rise and lift the swing
bar h, and raise the pin c in the opening of the oscillating diminishing lever d,
and thereby cause the required decrease of speed to be given to the compound
wheels f and the cloth beam j.
In Fig. 4, n represents one end of the race board of the lathe for the
O shuttle to work backwards and forwards; o, the shuttle, having grooves p,
Fig. 5, or their equivalents, in the back of it of a proper depth for an
oscillating binder q to enter, which binder presses against the shuttle for a
certain distance in its travel in the boxes, and dispenses with the ordinary.
swell motions; a represents a lever for working the stop rod; s, a spring or an
5 equivalent for bringing back the oscillating binder to its commencing position;
t, the end of the stop rod finger; and u, one of the pickers.and picking rods,
and the other end of the lathe is arranged in a similar manner.
The operation of the motion is as follows:-When the shuttle enters a
shuttle box the end of one of the grooves p comes in contact with the

page_text: oscillating binder on that side and presses it backwards, and with it the stop
lever r and the stop rod finger t, and continues its motion with a gradually
decreasing force until it comes against the picker u, which then operates the
return stroke and throws the shuttle o across the race board into the box on
the opposite side of the lathe to repeat a similar operation.
Having now described the nature and particulars of our said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, we desire it to be under-
stood that we claim,-
First, the combination of the compound ratchet wheels f,. Figs. 1, 2, and 3,
with the oscillating diminishing lever d, the reciprocating bar a, and the
.swing bar h, for the purpose of ensuring uniform surface motion to the cloth
during the process of weaving and making the cloth even throughout the
piece.
And, secondly, the improved parallel oscillating binder q, Fig. 4, at both
ends of the race board of the lathe for assisting in checking the progress of
the shuttle before it meets the pickers, as such improvements are herein
described and illustrated in the accompanying Sheet of Drawings.
In witness whereof, we, the said David Crichton, William Donbavand,
and Duncan Crighton, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this
Tenth day of April, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-seven.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the
said David Crichton, William
Donbavand, and Duncan Crighton'
in the presence of
E. J. HUGHES,
(L.S.)
DAVID CRICHTON.
WILLIAM DONBAVAND. (L.B.)
DUNCAN CRIGHTON.
(L.S.)
Patent Agent,
Manchester.