matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY CARRIAGE AND OTHER LAMPS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Bailey Brown at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th October
1867.
I, JOHN BAILEY BROWN, of Bartholomew House, Bartholomew Lane, in the
City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY CARRIAGE AND OTHER LAMPS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in railway carriage and other
lamps.
In constructing railway carriage lamps suitable for burning petroleum and
other oils I enclose the burner in a glass bowl, as heretofore, but according to
my Invention I make this also the reservoir for the oil which is contained in
the lower part of it protected by a cover or diaphragm of glass inserted into
the bowl, so as to rest upon a flange within it, or it might be otherwise
supported; in the centre of this cover or diaphragm is an opening to which a
petroleum oil burner is fitted, and the wick dips down into the oil. The
burner carries & glass chimney, which surrounds the flame. Air is supplied to
the glass bowl by perforations through it a short distance above the glass cover
or diaphragm. A flange at the top of the bowl is set into the end of a metal
drum, which enters and fits the aperture in the roof of the carriage, and over
this there is a cylindrical hood perforated with small holes to check any sudden
current of air past the chimney of the lamp. Down the sides of the drum air
passages are formed, which aid in supplying air to the bowl. Within the
metal drum a reflector is placed to throw down the light from the flame; it

page_text: also serves to enclose the bowl at the top. The chimney passes through the
centre of the reflector, and its upper end is enclosed in a casing of wire gauze
which the reflector carries, and which is intended to check any blast of air
descending the chimney or otherwise. It will be seen that in this arrange-
ment the light passes down through the oil in the reservoir, which it is free to
do, the oil being very transparent, and the bowl or reservoir in which it is
contained with its cover or diaphragm being made of glass. By admitting
air through the sides of the glass bowl it is kept at a very low temperature,
and perfectly safe and free from risk from overheating, and the general
arrangement of the ventilation protects it from extinction by any contingency
likely to arise.
The improvements above set forth in relation to railway carriage lamps are
also applicable to other lamps.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FILES
Year: 1867

page_text: SIONAL
CATION left by George Tomlinson Bousfield at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
April 1867. A communication from abroad by Carl Gustaf Gustafsson,
residing at Tönköping, in the Kingdom of Sweden.
I, GEORGE TOMLINSON BOUSFIELD, of Loughborough Park, Brixton, in the
County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FILES," to be as follows:-
According to this Invention files are constructed of a number of thin plates
of steel or other hard material strung upon a rod in such manner as to present
cutting edges. The thin plates or blanks are formed by cutting from sheet
steel or other material pieces of a form corresponding with the section of
the file it is desired to produce; it may be of square, triangular, or other form.
Through the centre of each blank is a hole corresponding in outline with the
exterior of the blank, except that small tongues or nibs are left projecting
from the sides into the hole. The rod upon which the blanks are strung
corresponds in section with the hole in the blanks, and bas grooves in it to
receive their tongues or nibs. At one end of the rod an inclined stop is formed
or fixed, and the string of blanks threaded upon the rod rests against this surface
so that each blank is held in an inclined position. The other end of the rod is
made with a stem, having a screw thread cut upon it, and a cap is put on over
the stem; it has an inclined face similar to the incline at the other end of the
rod, and the inclined face of the cap rests against the outer end of the string

page_text: of blanks; beyond the cap a nut is screwed on to the stem, and it compresses
the string of blanks tightly between the inclined surfaces at either end. To
produce the cutting teeth on the instrument thus constructed the opposite sides
are ground smooth, and the blanks are then taken off and replaced so as to
incline in the opposite way.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHACKLES OR JOINING LINKS
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Newby, Ship and Whitesmith, of 17, Sun
Street, Bishopsgate Street Without, London, E.C., for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SHACKLES OR JOINING LINKS."
Sealed the 31st December 1867, and dated the 10th August 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Newby at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th August 1867.
I, EDWARD NEWBY, Ship and Whitesmith, of 17, Sun Street, Bishopsgate
Street Without, London, E.C., do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SHACKLES OR JOINING LINKS," to be as
fullows:-
I so form the iron or metal of which the joining link is made that either
one of its two segments will exactly coincide and be identical on its form
with the other. I employ a through pin or key which is capable of being
revitted at each of its ends, thus securing them firmly together and
preventing their moving in a lateral direction or opening. I prefer this
through pin or key to be in its section of round iron or other metal, but it
may be of a square section. To prevent the two segments from turning round
upon the through pin as an axis I form the two shoulders of the link each
with a scarf or lap joint, the ends being prevented from opening outwards by

page_text: being mitred to suit the under cut. The through pin or key is placed in the
centre of the link, and it passes through a stud or projection on the inner side
of each of the segments, these studs or projections forming a great addition to
the strength of (the link. The use to be made of a shackle or joining link
constructed upon this principle is to unite two chains together so as to form
one length, or the two ends of a chain may be united so as to form an endless
chain, and it is considerably stronger than joining links together used for the
purposes intended, and it is also much more serviceable.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FLIGHTS OF STAIRS COMMONLY CALLED STAIRCASES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Hastings Collette at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd May 1867.-A communication from abroad by Antoine Garzend,
of No. 47, Rue des Martyrs, Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, CHARLES HASTINGS COLLETTE, of No. 23, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County
of Middlesex, Solicitor, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FLIGHTS OF STAIRS COMMONLY CALLED
STAIRCASES," to be as follows:-
The plan of a flight of stairs being given, I take a piece of sheet iron or
other metal of a sufficient thickness to resist the weight it may have to bear,
and which serves for a stringboard; I cut in the iron plate the number of angles
sufficient for the steps of the stairs, and if of great height, as sheet iron is not
made usually in great lengths, I add to the length of the slips of sheet iron or
iron plate other bands of iron plate united end to end by joint plates screwed
or rivetted inside sufficient for the height of the staircase; I then bend the
plate according to the curves or squares necessary for the site or place of the
flight of stairs. Each angle in the plate iron stringboard, is cut rather deeper
than would be necessary if in wood to receive the back or heel of the tread
whether wood, iron, or stone. I cut in each tread two longitudinal grooves,
one at the heel of the tread above and one in front of the tread below, into.
which the riser, which is of sheet iron or other suitable metal, and which is of
the same thickness as the stringboard, can enter, and thus give greater rigidity...
I make use of the pieces of the sheet iron cut out in forming the stringboard,

page_text: bending them into form of angle irons, and supports, and the other pieces
necessary for making the flight of stairs, thus no iron is wasted; these pieces
serve in putting up the flight of stairs. The end of each riser I cut at the
end next the wall a little depth into the length of the riser, which is made
rather longer than the width of the flight of stairs, and I bend one part
forward and the other backward so as to form a cramp or fastening in the
wall, thus giving great solidity to each step, and in case of fire would prevent
the fall of the staircase. I fix the balusters to the iron plate of the string-
board instead of -into-the-tread. To carry the plastering underneath the stairs
I proceed in the same manner as in other stairs, except that instead of laths
of wood I fixed to the risers small pieces of iron cut from the stringboard; which
are rivetted to and project below the tread, and carry strong iron wires
longitudinally for the support of the plaster.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOXES FOR CON- TAINING, PRESERVING, AND TRANSPORTING BUTTER AND CHEESE, AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
March 1867. A communication from abroad by William Bellamy
Guernsey, of Norwich, in the State of New York, United States of
America.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOXES FOR CON-
TAINING, PRESERVING, AND TRANSPORTING BUTTER AND CHEESE, AND OTHER
ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists, in the first place, in forming a box in two parts of
two thin strips or shavings of wood or sheets of pasteboard of equal width, of
any desirable shape, either round, oval, or rectangular, by bending and securing
one edge of each of the strips in a head made of wood, papier maché, or any
suitable material. The two parts of a box thus formed are made to fit one
within the other closely, and in order to make the box as tight as possible
each part or half of the box is so constructed as to form the frustum of a
cone. The shell of the inner part of the box is united at the ends, so
that the outside surface shall be flush at the joint, and the shell of the
outer part is united at the ends so that the inside surface shall be flush
at the joints. The shells are both made fast to the heads by fitting the
edges in grooves cut, burnt, or otherwise formed in them, and gluing or
cementing the parts together; but the head of the inner shell has a groove

page_text: made in it of twice the thickness of the shell to form a lip or flange
on the outside, within which the edge of the outer shell shall set when the
box is formed by the union of both shells in order to keep it in place. When
the box has been packed with cheese or any other article it is made perfectly
air-tight by filling the crevice around the outer shell with wax or other soft
cement. In order to render the boxes impervious to air and to prevent
the contents, such as butter, cheese, lard, or preserved meats, from spoiling,
the boxes are coated with paraffine or other innocuous substance applied to the
boxes while at a boiling temperature. A box on the same plan of construction,
but of a larger size, is provided with a refrigerator, around which the smaller
boxes are placed, filled with fresh butter, for keeping it cool and sweet. An
advertisement of the contents is to be printed on the surface of the wooden
slips before the boxes are formed, so as to save the expense of labels.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WASHING MACHINES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Pierre Leopold Heckmans and
Frederick James Nunney at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 14th November 1867.
We, JEAN PIERRE LEOPOLD HECKMANS, Contractor, and FREDERICK JAMES
NUNNEY, Plasterer, both of Harrow Road, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WASHING
MACHINES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to improvements in washing machines, by means of
which the washing operation is more effectually performed without fatigue and
in a much shorter space of time than in any other washing machine hitherto
made.
The Invention is illustrated in the accompanying Drawings, in which
Figure 1 shows a plan; Figure 2 a side elevation, and Figure 3 an end view
of the machine.
A is a wooden frame supporting the washing vessel B, made of zinc of
oblong form corrugated as shown in the Drawing. This vessel contains the
water in which the linen to be washed is placed; C are iron bearings to
support the vessel B; D, irons for fixing the vessel B when placing and
removing the linen; E, arms to which the handles F are attached for
imparting oscillating motion to vessel B; G is an opening by which the water
and linen are introduced, closed by a wooden cover P lined with zinc having
a strip of india-rubber around its edges by which the opening is closed water-
tight; H are iron bearings carrying the bar T placed across the opening G ;

page_text: this bar T is furnished with a screw L by which the cover is fixed in position ;
K, iron plate attached to the cover P on which screw L bears; M, tap for
drawing off the water. The washing operation is effected by simply rocking
the vessel B to and fro by means of the handles F, the linen or other fabric
being completely cleansed by coming in contact with the corrugated sides of
the machine at each oscillation. From the simplicity of its construction this
machine may be worked by a child for a considerable time without the least
fatigue.
AN IMPROVED SELF-ACTING SAFETY GUN Lock
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Stanton at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th January
1867.
I, JOHN STANTON, Gun Lock Manufacturer, of No. 13, Clifton Street,
Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED SELF-ACTING SAFETY GUN Lock," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object the throwing back the cock or hammer of
any gun or pistol lock by a mechanical arrangement and self-action into the
position of half-cock, thereby saving one movement in using sporting or
military guns, rifles, needle guns, and pistols with one or more barrels. It is
particularly adapted to the needle rifle, as the needle is always free as soon as
the rifle is fired. To accomplish this I fix a strong spring supported by two
solid studs on the outside of the lock; this spring lies in contact with the
neck or front part of the hammer or cock, thereby. producing a repelling
action to the cock, so that when the hammer strikes or falls downwards to its
lowest point the pressure from the spring forces the hammer back to half-
cock, as desired. The end of the spring (a) may be made either without or
with a roller, but is preferable with a roller, which shall press against the
neck of the cock and produce a perfect motion.
Figure 1 shows the application of the safety spring to the military lock
(a, b, c,) at half-cock; Fig. 2, to the detached central lock, the hammer at
bearer; Fig. 8, the spring at rest, lock at full-cock; Fig. 4, the back-action

page_text: lock at half-cock. Should the self-acting spring get damaged in any way the
lock retains its action for use, and can be set at half-cock in the old way by
the hand, and the gun, rifle, or pistol can be used as heretofore. The safety
spring I place outside the lock and before the cock totally independant of any
other part of the working of the lock, excepting the pressure against the
neck or front part of the cock (d).
IMPROVEMENTS IN BUCKLES OR SIMILAR FASTENINGS FOR BRACES, BELTS, STRAPS, OR BANDS
Year: 1867

page_text: I, RICHARD COUCHMAN, of Noble Street, Saint Martin's-le-Grand, in the
City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BUCKLES OR SIMILAR FASTENINGS FOR BRACES, BELTS, STRAPS,
OR BANDS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the construction of buckles or similar fastenings
for connecting the parts or ends of braces, belts, straps, or bands. For this
purpose upon the plate, frame, or body of the buckle or similar fastening a
toothed lever clip is mounted, the axes of which move or turn in bearings
formed on the plate, frame, or body of the buckle or fastening. One arm or
edge of the lever clip is formed with teeth, points, or projections, the plate or
frame being formed with slots, recesses, or serrated openings which come
opposite to the teeth or projections upon the lever clip, which latter may
either be jointed to the front or back of the plate, frame, or body of the
buckle or fastening. When the toothed lever clip is jointed to the front a
slotted opening is formed in the plate, frame, or body, through which the end
of the web, strap, or band is passed, so as to lie between part of the plate or
frame and the toothed lever clip, the teeth or points of which are forced into
the web, strap, or band (so as to hold it securely between the two parts of the
frame and clip) by pulling upon the opposite arm of the lever clip to that on
which the teeth are formed, which latter pass through or press the web or

page_text: other flexible material into the slots, openings, or recesses formed on the frame
or plate opposite to the teeth on the lever clip. The brace ends or other
attachments may be connected by a slot, eyelet, or otherwise, to the lever clip
to connect it to part of the dress or to the opposite end of a belt, band, or
strap, according to the purpose for which it is required. When the toothed
lever clip is jointed to the back of the plate, frame, or body of the buckle or
similar fastening constructed according to my improvements a space is left for
the web, strap, or band to pass through between the lever clip and the plate,
body, or frame of the buckle or fastening when the lever and teeth are moved
out of position for holding. In this arrangement the brace ends or other
attachments are connected to the frame or body, and by pulling thereon the
teeth of the lever clip are drawn into the surface of the web, recesses being
formed in the plate or frame opposite the teeth, the opposite arm of the lever
clip offering resistance to the pull by coming against the back of the plate
or frame of the buckle or similar fastening constructed according to my
Invention.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DRIVING SEWING MACHINES, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Smith at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th May 1867.
I, JOHN SMITH, of Little Moorfields, in the City of London, Sewing
Machine Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN DRIVING SEWING MACHINES, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED
THEREFOR," to be as follows, that is to say :-
My Invention consists in the application of the motive power of clockwork
to drive the ordinary sewing machine, and in the arrangements for carrying
the same into effect. To drive the ordinary sewing machine I apply thereto
in any suitable position, according to the construction of the machine, an
arrangement of clock work, consisting of a frame containing an ordinary barrel
furnished with a proper clock spring with arbor, cog wheel, ratchet, and click
complete; this barrel is also furnished with a maintaining spring. The cog
wheel of the barrel drives a pinion, the arbor of which is furnished with a
large driving wheel, over which passes an endless band or belt communicating
motion to the driving shaft of the sewing machine by means of a pulley
fitted thereon. In lieu of a band or belt suitable gearing may be employed.
On the arbor of the above said pinion I fix a bevil wheel which moves an
endless screw furnished with a fan or fly, by which a regular motion is obtained,
and which also serves for stopping the machine. The clockwork is wound
up for action by means of a key applied on the barrel arbor or by means of
an arrangement of lever. Instead of one barrel two may be employed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEERING APPARATUS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Guybon Hutson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th March
1867.
I, GUYBON HUTSON, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN STEERING APPARATUS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to improved steering apparatus, and has for its object
to obtain great compactness with convenience of arrangement, whilst it is
applicable for all sizes of vessel, and with manual, steam, or hydraulic
power.
The features of novelty in the improved apparatus are, firstly, the application
upon the rudder head of a head piece formed with one or more helical or
inclined grooves or ribs to be acted on by a block or blocks sliding vertically
between guides; secondly, the actuating of the sliding block or blocks by the
direct action of steam or hydraulic pressure, or by a vertical screw or screws,
such screw or screws being geared to a horizontal shaft having on it the usual
rudder wheel; thirdly, the combining of the screw or screws geared to the
rudder wheel shaft with steam or hydraulic pressure apparatus acting either
directly on the rudder wheel or screw shafts or on the sliding block or
blocks.
In one convenient modification of the apparatus a helical or inclined groove
is formed on the front of the head piece, and is acted on by a sliding block
internally screwed to fit and work on a vertical screw shaft, and also fitted to

page_text: slide upon two vertical guide bars. The screw shaft has a footstep bearing in
a base plate fixed upon the deck and surrounding the rudder head, and it has
an upper bearing in a top frame plate surmounting the rudder head and head
piece, and connected to the base plate by the guide bars and by diagonal or other
stays if necessary. The rudder wheel shaft is carried in bearings on the top
frame plate, and is geared to the screw shaft by means of bevil wheels; it is
also fitted with the ordinary chain barrel to act upon an ordinary tiller fitted
to the rudder head to be available in the event of the other parts being
damaged. When steam or hydraulic pressure is to be used it may be applied
by means of an inverted cylinder carried by the top frame plate, and having
its piston connected by two piston rods to the sliding block, with which arrange-
ment the helmsman will have complete control over the action of the cylinder
through the rudder wheel and screw shaft. If preferred, however, one or more
steam cylinders may be arranged to give rotation to either the rudder wheel
shaft or the screw shaft. The helical or inclined groove on the head piece
may be made with a varying inclination so as to give more power when the
rudder is being put hard over, this being effected by making the extreme parts
of it less inclined than the middle part.
The various parts are obviously susceptible of considerable modification
without departing from what are herein-before stated to be the features of
novelty comprised in the Invention.
A NEW AGRICULTURAL FECUNDATING AGENT
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Onézime Monnet-Laverpilière
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st February 1867.
I; ONÉZINE MONNET-LAVERPILIÈRE, of No. 40, Rue Notre Dame des
Victoires, Paris, in the Empire of France, Merchant, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "A NEW AGRICULTURAL FECUNDATING AGENT,"
to be as follows:-
The fecundating agent, the subject of my Invention, is composed of white
kitchen salt dissolved in rain water, mixed with sulphate and chlorate of
potash and cream of tartar, to which is added sulphuric acid, the whole in
proportions varying according to the kind of plant or seed to which the
mixture is to be applied. By steeping the grain of cereals or the seeds of
other plants in this liquid during several hours half the usual quantity of
manure may be economized, and not more than half the usual quantity of seed
need be sown to obtain from the field a more abundant crop, the cereals
having handsomer and longer straw and long ears thick and full of grain of
first quality...
My fecundating liquid may also be used with great advantage for fruit trees,
flowers, and any kind of plants for quickening their growth, preventing the
diseases which might befall them, and expelling mischievous insects, such as
worms and ants. In some cases it may be necessary to sprinkle this liquid
over the land, and it may also be sprinkled in granaries to drive away insects.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON- STRUCTION OF ARMOUR PLATES, OR IN THE METHOD OF FIXING THE SAME TO SHIPS, FORTS, TURRETS, AND OTHER SIMILAR STRUCTURES, PART (OR PARTS) OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sir John Benson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th February
1867.
I, Sir JOHN BENSON, Knight, of the City of Cork, Civil Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON-
STRUCTION OF ARMOUR PLATES, OR IN THE METHOD OF FIXING THE SAME TO SHIPS,
FORTS, TURRETS, AND OTHER SIMILAR STRUCTURES, PART (OR PARTS) OF WHICH
IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the use of continuous dovetails connecting the
several plates in a mode to lock them together so as to dispense, if required,
with the use of bolts and rivets, and I apply a similar interlocking principle to
connect the decks of the vessels to the hulls, and the roofs of turrets or forts to
their vertical or other walls, and the dovetails are to be accurately formed and
planed by machinery so as to slide one within another.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR EXTRACTING FATTY MATTERS FROM AND FOR SCOURING WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES AND TEXTILE FABRICS BY THE USE OF SULPHURET OF CARBON, AND FOR REGAINING THE SULPHURET USED IN SUCH OPERATION
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Otto Heyl at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th June
1867.
I, CHARLES OTTO HEYL, of Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia, Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD
OF AND APPARATUS FOR EXTRACTING FATTY MATTERS FROM AND FOR SCOURING
WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES AND TEXTILE FABRICS BY THE USE OF
SULPHURET OF CARBON, AND FOR REGAINING THE SULPHURET USED IN SUCH OPERATION,"
to be as follows:-
I propose placing the wool or other fibrous substance in closed vessels or
tanks with or without steam jackets, and to introduce the sulphuret of carbon
from below, the sulphuret thus introduced will pass up through the wool and
issue near the top of the tank, from whence it will pass through distilling
When the extraction is
apparatuses and return to its original receptacle.
completed I introduce a stream of hot water into the tank near the top, and
so cause the volume of sulphuret with which the substance remains charged to
fall to the bottom and pass out of the tank to its original vessel; I then remove
the wool or other material and rinse it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN POINT OR SWITCH INDICATORS USED ON RAILWAYS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Smith at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th October
1867.
I, WILLIAM SMITH, of the Firm of Ę. S. Yardley and Company, of the City
of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Railway Signal Engineers, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN POINT
OR SWITCH INDICATORS USED ON RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to point or switch indicators for shewing to the
signalman and driver of an approaching train the position of the points or
switches for the purpose of preventing accidents.
I employ in connection with the ordinary semaphore signal or indicator an
additional arm which I call the danger arm, and prefer that it should be on
the right-hand side of the indicator pillar or post when the tongues of the
points or switches are not properly open or closed for the main or branch
lines. To the rod or stretcher that works the points or switches I joint one
end of a connecting rod, the other end of which is jointed to a lever, to the top
of which is jointed a bar, frame, or connecting rod having slots at each end,
in which slots are placed pins or studs fixed to short arms of double levers the
long arms of which are jointed to a vertical rod extending to the upper part
of the pillar or post, and connected to the lever of the additional or danger
arm, so that a very slight movement of the switch is sufficient to place the

page_text: arm in its horizontal or danger position. At night I use a lamp, inside of
which is placed a slide or frame containing colored glasses which are moved
between the flame and the lens of the lamp by means of a lever connected
with the rod of the ordinary arm, thus indicating the position of the points or
switches.
AN IMPROVED MACHINE INTENDED TO DIVIDE, BREAK, OR CRUSH ALL SUBSTANCES CAPABLE OF BEING TRITU- RATED, MORE ESPECIALLY BONES AND HORNY SUBSTANCES OF EVERY KIND, FOR CONVERTING THEM INTO MANURE,
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th August 1867.-A communication from abroad by Eugène Anduze,
of 15, Passage des Petites Ecuries, Paris, France, Manufacturer.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the firm of John Gedge and Son, of No. 11
Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MACHINE
INTENDED TO DIVIDE, BREAK, OR CRUSH ALL SUBSTANCES CAPABLE OF BEING TRITU-
RATED, MORE ESPECIALLY BONES AND HORNY SUBSTANCES OF EVERY KIND, FOR
CONVERTING THEM INTO MANURE," (a communication to me from abroad by
Eugène Anduze, of 15, Passage des Petites Ecuries, Paris, France, Manu-
facturer,) to be as follows:-
This machine is composed of two cast-iron plates, the one fixed, the
other moveable, each plate carries a cast iron or steel crown strongly fitted to
it by four iron bolts, each crown being furnished with quadrangular and conical
teeth arranged with precision and in such wise that those of the upper plate
set or take very exactly into those. of the lower plate, and vice versa. The
moveable or running plate, which works at a speed of about 700 revolutions a
minute is beneath, and the upper or fixed plate is strongly secured to two
wooden cross pieces by four bolts. The running plate is fixed by a wedge to
a vertical iron shaft which-also-passes through the fixed plate to maintain it
in perfect harmony-with-the-running-plate, and prevent deviation which would
inevitably lead to the immediate breakage of the machine. On the upper or

page_text: fixed plate between the crown and the axle an opening is made provided with
a hopper by which the substance to be treated is introduced, so that it falls
perpendicularly on the running plate, which in its rotation throws and divides
the substance between the crowns. The teeth of these crowns are thinly set
in the inner circle in order to facilitate the introduction of the material which
there begins to receive a first shock or division, after which it penetrates more
easily towards the outer sets of teeth which becoming progressively more and
more compact complete the trituration and eject the material on the exterior
in the state of small broken remains and powder.
It will be understood that this machine triturates not only substances intended
to be used as manure but all kinds of substances suspectible of trituration.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PLOUGHS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Bouthillier de Beaumont
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 12th April 1867.
I, HENRY BOUTHILLIER DE BEAUMONT, residing at No. 2, Rue du Calabri,
Geneva, Switzerland, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PLOUGHS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in ploughs, and the im-
provements relate partly to improvements on the plough described in the
Specification of a former Patent granted to me on the 22nd of May 1861
(No. 1301). The improvements are shown in the Drawings hereunto annexed.
The first improvement consists in the manner of fixing the pivot C, D, to
the mould board, the pivot being by preference of wrought iron and the
mould board of cast iron. The pivot is fixed to the bottom of the mould board
by two bolts E, E, and supports at. its end the point of the knife by a third
bolt E¹.
The second improvement consists in the form of the knives which act
alternately as coulter and share; the knives are fixed to the mould board by
bolts at their upper extremity.
The third improvement consists in an arrangement for regulating the
height of the front wheel; this is effected by means of a powerful lever by

page_text: which the ploughman can whilst ploughing vary at will the height of the
wheel, and consequently cause the plough to enter more or less deeply
without stopping work, and even raise it instantly out of the ground when
approaching any obstacle. The arrangement for transmitting motion from
the lever handle to the lever that carries the wheel is clearly shewn in the
Drawing.
The above described arrangement for regulating the height of the wheel
may be applied to other forms of ploughs.
A NEW OR IMPROVED FIRE-ESCAPE
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Janes Quin at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th June
1867.
I, JAMES QUIN, of Fulham Road, Brompton, in the County of Middlesex,
Coachman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW
OR IMPROVED FIRE-ESCAPE," to be as follows, that is to say :-
My Invention consists in the construction of an apparatus for enabling persons
to escape from a house on fire with greater ease and security than by the
contrivances now in use, and reducible to a small compass so as to be
portable.
The apparatus consists of a support and ladder, the support is constructed
of a rectangular horizontal frame similar in principle to the board used by
painters, which rests on the window sill or frame, and is formed of strong iron
bars strengthened by cross pieces; to the two side bars of this frame are
fixed two longitudinal pieces or bars to form guides or slides for receiving.
in a suitable position two vertical iron bars adjustable at any parts of the
guides by means of pins attached to chains and passing through holes in the
guides and vertical bars or uprights. The front edges of these uprights are cut
with racks, in each of which one end of a catch gears, the other ends being
hinged to pieces themselves hinged to the uprights so as to move with them..
These racks and catches serve to regulate the inclination of the uprights
and fix them in the position required by the thickness of the wall. The
moveable uprights are provided at their lower extremities with one or more

page_text: blade springs, which when the apparatus is mounted on the window and set
to the thickness of the wall serve by their expansion to grip and take a firm
hold of the interior of the wall. The front of the apparatus consists of two
strong iron side bars extending downwards from the beforesaid frame suitably
strengthened and connected at their lower extremities by a bar bent inwards
so as to press against the outside of the wall of the house when placed for use.
The ladder is connected to the front of the frame, and the steps are formed of
iron pieces, through holes in the four ends of which are passed hempen or
iron wire ropes suitably crossed and knotted to form the sides of the ladder.
A vertical bar or rod is adapted near to the ladder at the descent sides of the
frame for the person descending to take hold of, and which can be folded
down by means of a hinge joint when the apparatus is not in use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR DRYING AND STRETCHING WOVEN FABRICS, PAPER, OR CONTINUOUS LENGTHS OF OTHER SIMILAR MATERIALS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Briggs at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
November 1867.
I, THOMAS BRIGGS, junior, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR DRYING AND STRETCHING WOVEN FABRICS, PAPER,
OR CONTINUOUS LENGTHS OF OTHER SIMILAR MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
The Invention is designed as a drying machine which can be employed so
that one side only of the fabrics under operation comes into contact with any
surface whatever, wherein a large drying surface is also attained in a com-
paratively small space, and whereby rotating steam cylinders are dispensed
with, which are at present chiefly employed for drying woven fabrics, lengths
of paper, and for similar purposes, and which have several disadvantages.
The improvements consist in arranging, combining, and constructing a series
of hollow steam chests in a framing which holds them in. the form of a
curved volute or an angled volute thus ☑
The steam chests are arranged
side by side in such form and have their exterior surfaces slightly convex or
curved, with which the fabric is in contact, and a circulation of steam or hot
air is maintained throughout by a series of union pipes causing the steam to.

page_text: enter at one end and pass out of the opposite end of the next steam chamber,
and so on alternately. At each of the angles a roller is mounted in bearings,
and all the rollers are driven from behind by a series of bevil wheels or other
suitable gearing, and if used for stretching purposes in addition to drying the
surfaces of these rollers are furnished with the points or pins set or other
equivalent in a right and left hand screw-like direction so as to distend the
fabric laterally as they rotate. The back of the machine is enclosed by doors,
and a blast or exhaust fan or other draught-creating apparatus is applied
to remove the vapour arising between the chests during the process of drying.
The woven fabric, paper, cloth, or other material to be dried is passed first on to
the uppermost steam chest and over each roller until the end so passed through
is folded by a plaiting apparatus in the middle of the volute, and one side only
of the fabric comes in contact with the chests or rollers, but if this is not an
object and an extended heating surface is required, rollers may be arranged
- inside the corners of the volute, and if necessary a travelling cloth or web may
be used so as to convey the fabric along the opposite sides or inner surfaces
of the volute, by which arrangement the fabric will pass in at the upper
surface over all the exterior surfaces, and thence along the inner surfaces of
the chests and out at the said upper opening again. If desired certain portions
of the drying surface may be omitted and only part of the continuous length
retained.
AN IMPROVED FID
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION. left by Henri Adrien Bonneville at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th March 1867.-A communication from Henry Harris Pember and
Uriah Furman Rogers, residing at New York City, in the United States.
of America.
I, HENRI ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, of the British and Foreign Patent Offices;
38, Porchester Terrace, Bayswater, in the County of Middlesex, and 24, Rue
du Mont Thabor, Paris, in the Empire of France, Patent Agent, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED FID," a com-
munication from Henry Harris Pember and Uriah Furman Rogers, two
persons resident at New York City, in the United States of America, to be.
as follows:-
The present Invention relates to an implement or tool called a "fid," used
more particularly by seamen for securing a cringle rope about the outside of a
ring or thimble, and this Invention consists in forming or making the "fid"
in section, and in so constructing it in other respects as to receive and hold a
ring or thimble of any desired size within its limits, so that as the cringle
rope or cord is driven and forced over the fid from its smaller to its larger
end such cringle will when stretched thereby to the proper degree fall or
come into position about and around the ring or thimble. By means of a fid
of the construction herein above described cringles can be made to greater
advantage and with more facility, less labour, and trouble than heretofore, for
this reason more especially that the cringle after being stretched upon the

page_text: fid to the required degree to fit over the thimble or ring must be then
removed therefrom and forced over such ring.
In the accompanying Plate of Drawings my improved fid is illustrated,
Figure 1 being a central section through the same in the direction of its
length, and Figure 2 a side view.
A in the Drawings represents a fid, which in lieu of being made solid and
of one piece, as heretofore, is made in a series of sections or parts B divided
transversely or across its width from end to end, either equal or unequal in
size, the several parts being shown as placed one upon another in regular
order and succession, resting upon the section constituting the larger end of
the fid, from which extends up and through the centre of the several sections
a centre rod or shaft C, around which they fit, the series when placed in
proper order and succession forming a fid of the ordinary taper shape from
end to end.
A. NEW OR IMPROVED METAL FOUNDERS' BLACKING
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Hope Pattison and
James William Henry Pattison at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 4th September 1867.
both
We, FREDERICK HOPE PATTISON and JAMES WILLIAM HENRY PATTISON,
of the City of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Merchants,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A. NEW OR
IMPROVED METAL FOUNDERS' BLACKING," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This said Invention consists in the manufacture and use of a new or
improved metal founders' blacking used for coating the inner surfaces of
moulds and cores which receive the molten metal, and which imparts a fine
skin or outer surface to the castings formed therein, formed mainly or in the
greater part of "anthracite" or "blind" coal, known as a coal which emits
little or no gas or flame in burning (and which has heretofore been used or
employed for making such moulders' or founders' blacking); to this we add a
small proportion of fire-clay, wood charcoal (by preference that formed from
oak), animal charcoal, or the hard residuary carbon or coke from mineral oil-
refining stills, which latter is in some cases further calcined or burned in close
retorts before being used. The proportion of any one of these or a mixture of
any number of them combined may vary from one-tenth to one-half of the
whole mixture with the said coal forming the main body thereof, according to

page_text: the quality of the coal and the other carbons used, and that of the blacking
desired to be produced for particular purposes. These substances are ground
to a fine dust or powder, either separately or together, in any of the mills
heretofore used for grinding moulding blacking, or for grinding pigments and
flours, and are sifted or "bolted" to a fine impalpable powder by the screens
or other bolting mechanism used for separating and forming these powders
and flours. When these different carbons are ground separately they
are thoroughly mixed in the proportions desired in the sifting or bolting
mechanism.
The metal founders' blacking thus formed in accordance with this said
Invention is equally efficient and much cheaper than that heretofore in use.
A PROCESS OF UNITING OR CEMENTING AND COMPRESSING SAWDUST, SHAVINGS, AND OTHER SMALL PARTICLES OF WOOD FOR THE PURPOSE OF CONVERTING THE SAME INTO CHARCOAL, AND UTILIZING THE NAPHTHA, TAB, AND OTHER RESIDUARY PRODUCTS OF SUCH CONVERSION
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Harris at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th July 1867.
I, WILLIAM HARRIS, of the Clydach Iron Works, in the County of Brecon,
Mining Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A
PROCESS OF UNITING OR CEMENTING AND COMPRESSING SAWDUST, SHAVINGS, AND
OTHER SMALL PARTICLES OF WOOD FOR THE PURPOSE OF CONVERTING THE SAME INTO
CHARCOAL, AND UTILIZING THE NAPHTHA, TAB, AND OTHER RESIDUARY PRODUCTS OF
SUCH CONVERSION," to be as follows:-
My process consists in converting sawdust, shavings, chips, or other small
refuse particles of wood into solid pieces or blocks by mixing the same with
certain of the residua extracted from wood during the process of charring in
retorts, and afterwards compressing the same in moulds of any suitable shape,
the said residua causing the particles of wood to unite or adhere to each other.
The pieces or blocks thus formed are intended to be subsequently converted
into charcoal in retorts, by which process a great economy is effected in the
production of this valuable material, and the waste wood of the saw mill,
carpenters' shop, and other refuse hitherto wholly or partly lost is utilized. The
naphtha, tar, and other residue of such conversion into charcoal I intend to use
again partly for mixing them with particles of wood as described, and partly
for other purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING GUN COTTON
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Eustace Carey Prentice and Thomas
Richardson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 16th April 1867.
We, EUSTACE CAREY PRENTICE, of Stowmarket, in the County of Suffolk,
and THOMAS RICHARDSON, of Newbiggin, in the County of Northumberland,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
TREATING GUN COTTON," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in treating gun cotton. In
order to render gun cotton less liable to be influenced by damp we treat it
with a solution of paraffin in a solvent, such as paraffin oil, which will evapo-
rate at a low heat. We dip the gun cotton into the mixture and then dry off
the solvent, and in this way each fibre becomes sufficiently charged with
paraffin to prevent the gun cotton taking up moisture with anything like the
facility of unprepared gun cotton. Usually the gun cotton (either alone or
mixed with other fibre or substance) is first made up into charges and then
subjected to the paraffin treatment, as above explained, and in some cases it is
advisable not to allow the mixture to penetrate to the centre of the charge,
but only to a depth sufficient to give a damp resisting casing to the charge.
In place of paraffin, wax, stearine, or other similar substance dissolved in a
volatile solvent may be employed, but not so advantageously.