OR IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF ROLLERS OR CYLINDERS FOR PRINTING FABRICS
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Duncan Morrison, of Bordesley Works, Birmingham,
in the County of Warwick, for the Invention of "A NEW OR IMPROVED
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Duncan Morrison at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
May 1857.
I, DUNCAN MORRISON, of Bordesley Works, Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "A NEW OR
IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF ROLLERS OR CYLINDERS FOR PRINTING FABRICS," to
be as follows:-
My said Invention consists in making the said rollers or cylinders mainly
of cast iron, or malleable or wrought iron, and afterwards coating the same
with a coating of copper, the said coating with copper being effected by any of
the well-known electro-metallurgical processes, whereby copper may be con-
veniently reduced from solutions of its compounds upon a surface of iron. In
carrying my Invention into effect, I cast or otherwise form the roller or....
cylinder in iron with a nib therein for the purpose of connecting it with the
axis on which it is used. I thoroughly cleanse the exterior of the iron cylinder
by turning or treatment with acids, or otherwise. I connect the said iron
cylinder with the zinc end of a voltaic battery, and immerse it in a solution of

page_text: a copper salt. I connect: a plate of copper with the copper end of the voltaic
battery, and immerse the said plate of copper in the solution, as is well under-
stood. I do not limit myself to the use of any particular solution of copper,
but I prefer to use a solution of sulphate of copper, after having given a thin
coating of copper to the iron cylinder by the use of a solution which is not
decomposed by the immersion of iron therein. A hot solution of oxide of copper
in cyanide of potassium answers the last described object very well. Those
parts, as the ends and interior of the cylinder, on which it is wished not to
deposit copper, are coated with varnish or other nonconductor of electricity.
The surface of the coated cylinder may be made smooth by turning, and
finished and engraved by the ordinary processes.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Duncan Morrison in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
6th November 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, DUNCAN
MORRISON, of Bordesley Works, Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twentieth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Duncan Morrison, Her special licence that I, the said Duncan Morrison,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Duncan Morrison, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exer-
cise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED
MANUFACTURE OF ROLLERS OR CYLINDERS FOR PRINTING FABRICS;" upon the con-
dition (amongst others) that I, the said Duncan Morrison, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.

page_text: at d, d, in Figure 2, I sometimes make short grooves alternating with an
ungrooved portion, as represented in Figure 4. I sometimes employ a
cylinder of iron without slots of the form shewn at a, b, Figure 1, in which
case I fuse brass or other alloy of copper upon the surface of the cylinder,
and deposit a stratum or layer of copper upon the brass coating. By the
methods described the deposited hollow cylinder of copper is firmly fixed
upon or made to adhere to the iron cylinder. The surface of the coated
cylinder may be made smooth by turning, and finished and engraved by the
ordinary processes.
I do not think it necessary to describe the details of the arrangements,
whereby the electrical reduction of the copper is effected, as the same are
well known and commonly practised, and constitute no part of my Invention.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of
carrying the same into effect, I wish it to be understood that I do not limit
myself to the precise details herein described and represented, as the same
may be varied without departing from the nature of my Invention; but I
claim as my Invention the new or improved manufacture of rollers or
cylinders for printing fabrics, herein-before described, and illustrated in the
accompanying Drawing, that is to say, manufacturing rollers or cylinders for
printing fabrics by reducing or depositing copper by electro-metallurgical.
processes upon an iron cylinder, the surface of which has been grooved or
coated with an alloy of copper, as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Duncan Morrison, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fourth day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
Witness,
RICHARD SKERRETT.
DUNCAN MORRISON. (L.S.)

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Duncan Morrison, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:-
My Invention consists in making the said rollers or cylinders mainly of
cast iron or malleable or wrought iron, and afterwards coating the same with
a layer or coating of copper, the said coating with copper being effected by
any of the well-known electro-metallurgical processes, whereby copper may be
reduced from solutions of its compounds upon a surface of iron.
In carrying my.Invention into effect, I cast or otherwise form a cylinder of
iron, shewn in transverse section at a, and in elevation at 6, Figure 1, the
said roller or cylinder having a nib c in its interior for the purpose of con-
necting it with the axis on which it is used. I make a series of V or other
shaped slots on the exterior of the iron tube or cylinder, as represented at d, d,
in the transverse section and elevation Figure 2.
After making the cylinder chemically clean by dilute sulphuric, hydro-
chloric or other acid, I stop out or cover the whole of the cylindrical surface
of the roller with varnish or other non-conductor of electricity which can be
readily applied and removed. The said stop or varnish is restricted to the
cylindrical surface, the grooves d, d, exposing a clean metallic surface. The
stop or varnish is also applied to the interior and ends of the iron cylinder.
I connect the iron cylinder with the zinc end of a voltaic battery, and
immerse it in a solution of a copper salt. I connect a plate of copper with
the copper end of the voltaic battery, and immerse the said plate of copper in
the solution, as is well understood. I do not limit myself to any particular
solution of copper, but I prefer to use a solution of sulphate of copper.
having deposited a thin coating of copper by the use of a solution-which is
not decomposed by the immersion of copper therein; a solution of oxide of
copper in cyanide of potassium answers the last described object very well.
After
The copper deposited by the action of the electricity fills the grooves d, d,
making those portions of the cylinder nearly flush with the ungrooved or
cylindrical part. When the grooves d, d, have thus been filled up with
deposited copper, I remove the stop or varnish from the cylindrical surface,
and make the said cylindrical surface chemically clean in any convenient
manner. I immerse the cylinder again in the copper solution, and connect it
with the zinc end of the battery. A further deposit of copper now takes
place, forming a cylindrical coating on the roller, the said coating being in
one piece with the copper which was deposited in the grooves, as shewn in
section at e, Figure 3. Instead of making continuous grooves, as shown