Improved Kiln for "Firing" Colors, Gold, Enamels, and the like, on all kinds of Pottery and Glass, applicable also to other purposes, such as Baking Bread and the like.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 12th Dec., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 14th Sept., 1896-Accepted, 12th Dec., 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improved Kiln for "Firing" Colors, Gold, Enamels, and the like,
on all kinds of Pottery and Glass, applicable also to other
purposes, such as Baking Bread and the like.
We, DAVID CHAPMAN, China and Porcelain Manufacturer and WILLIAM
ILLINGWORTH, Potters' Manager, both of the Atlas China Works, Longton,
Staffordshire, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Our improved kiln is of either circular, or semi circular formation, with the
requisite number of fire places, fire flues, and air flues; also heated chambers.
The articles to be "fired are placed on a revolving rack or frame with suitable
divisions or compartments, which latter when filled with the articles, are rotated
and passed into the heated chamber or chambers; and, at the same time, the rack
brings out of the heated chamber, the articles which have already been "fired."
Our improved kiln is applicable not only for the treatment of all kinds of pottery
and glass, but may also be employed in bakeries for bread, pastry, confectionery
and other comestibles.
Di Cieth day of December 1895
D. CHAPMAN.
W. ILLINGWORTH.
Improved Kiln for "Firing" Colors, Gold, Enamels, and the like,
on all kinds of Pottery and Glass, applicable also to other
purposes, such as Baking Bread and the like.
We, DAVID CHAPMAN, China and Porcelain Manufacturer, and WILLIAM
ILLINGWORTH, Potters' Manager, both of the Atlas China Works, Longton
Staffordshire, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :-
Our improvements relate primarily to kilns for "firing" colors, gold enamels
and the like on all kinds of pottery and glass. They may however also be
advantageously availed of in bakeries for bread, pastry, confectionery and other
comestibles. In the following description, aided by the accompanying sheet of
drawings we have taken the case of our invention in its primary application
as above.
"
Pottery kilns as constructed and used hitherto, are generally filled with the
ware or articles to be fired.. The fires are afterwards lighted and kept burning
until sufficient heat is obtained, whereupon, the fires are let out to allow of the kiln
and "ware" cooling down and so permit of the removal of the latter. This method
of procedure frequently involves great inconvenience owing to the time lost while
waiting for the cooling of the "ware."

page_text: Now, in accordance with our improvements and with a view to effectually
overcome the drawbacks above pointed out, we make a broad departure from the
hitherto followed mode of construction and arrangement of kilns.
In the accompanying sheet of drawings illustrative of our said invention,
Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional elevation on line C D Figure 3 of one of our
improved kilns ;
Figure 2, a horizontal section taken on line E. F. Figure 1; and,
Figure 3, a horizontal section taken on line A. B Figure 1.
Our improved kiln is of either circular, or semi-circular, formation, with one
circular chamber and one or more fire places g;-a portion of the heat from the
fire place g is caused to travel up the flue in front of the circular chamber,
the heat from said flue works along the top of the circular chamber and thence
into the chimney as shewn in Figure 2. Another portion of the heat from the
fire place y works along underneath the circular chamber, as indicated at h'; then,
up the flue h, and down flue h³. The heat then travels again underneath the
circular chamber, as indicated by the dotted lines in Figure 3 and thence np flue h*
into the chimney r. There is an intercommunicating passage at the top, between
the flues and ³, said passage is shewn in Figure 3 by the blackened portion
between and h³. We also provide air flues to different parts of the circular
chamber, to allow of the cooling of said parts.
The air flues are provided and fitted with the requisite regulating dampers
or slides. A cap p is provided, to carry the roof; and, r is the chimney.
The articles to be "fired," are placed on a rotatable rack or frame, the
construction and arrangement of the several parts of which are as under.
In the centre of kiln is disposed a stationary vertical shaft m around which we
arrange a rotatable sleeve or hollow shaft with projecting circular top l', from
which latter radiate a number of projecting arms or brackets o on which are placed
shelves or trays k for the reception of the "ware
" or articles to be "fired." When
these have been placed on a portion of the shelves, the rack is rotated towards the
heated portion of the chamber, and takes with it in its rotation, the loaded shelves;
then, another set of shelves are being "loaded whilst the previous set or sets aro
being "fired." On the last set of shelves being filled, the first one is emptied ;
and, the cycle of operations of filling, "firing," and emptying, will be performed
continuously and without letting the fire out to cool the kiln (as has heretofore
been necessary) and thus a considerable saving in time is ensured.
"
. We wish it to be understood that although we have herein particularised and
described our invention in its primary application in connection with the "firing
of articles of pottery ware and the like; it may also be availed of, and is applicable
to, other purposes, such as baking bread and the like.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
First. The improved kiln constructed substantially as herein described and
shewn in the accompanying drawings, and for the purposes set forth.
Second. The means which we employ to ensure the continuous "firing" of
kilns and the like, substantially as herein described and shewn in the accompanying
drawings.
·ו וית
D. CHAPMAN.
W. ILLINGWORTH.