Improvements in or Connected with the Manufacture of Illuminating Gas.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 8th Nov., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 7th Aug., 1889-Accepted, 26th Oct., 1889
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or Connected with the Manufacture of Illuminating
Gas.
I ISAAC CARR of 72 Albert Road Widnes, in the County of Lancaster Gas Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of my said invention to be as follows :—
This invention has special reference to those processes of manufacturing illuminating
gas in which tar is introduced into the apparatus and is gasified and in conjunction
with the gas made in retorts (say of the ordinary kind) from coal, is passed through a
heated chamber wherein the two gases become mixed and rendered permanent. The
processes in connection with which it is intended my invention should be mainly used
and of the type just specified-are those set forth in the specification of the Patent
of J. H. R. Dinsmore No. 771487 and in the specification of J. H. R. Dinsmore of
application for Letters Patent No. 20968.
In these processes the gas after distillation in the ordinary coal retorts is caused to
pass through a heated chamber or duct, onto which tar is introduced in such a manner
that it becomes converted into gas in the presence of the coal gas and mixes there-
with; and the combined gasses are passed through the heated chamber or duct
whereby they become mixed. In passing through the heated chamber or duct some
of the hydro-carbon gases and ammonia are liable to become destroyed if the
temperature of the chamber or duct is that equivalent to or denoted by a clear cherry
red colour. The prevention of this destruction of gases is the chief object of the
present invention, and I effect this end as follows :-
I construct, arrange or set the heated chamber in such a manner that the tempera-
turo thereof will vary at different points along its length and whereby the inner
surface over which the gases pass will be at such a temperature as will not affect the
gases detrimentally. The point at which tho tar is introduced into the chamber or
duct is arranged to be maintained at a high temperature in order to effect the complete
vapourization of the tar and fixing of the vapour or gas, but the portion of the chamber
not required for this purpose I shield, inside or out, with brick or other suitable
material in any suitable and convenient way whereby its temperature at a certain
point will be maintained at a considerably lower point than the other part. The
variation or graduation of the temperatures will necessarily be carried out, in different
arrangements of apparatus, in different ways, and the invention may be applied to
benches having "single" or
" through " retorts.
In lieu of graduating the temperature lengthwise, or in conjunction therewith, the
heated chamber or duct may have its temperature graduated at the top or bottom or
sides.
The graduation of temperatures may also be effected by arranging the various
flues or passages of a bench in such a manner that the retort heating gases act with
their full force on some parts and at others are shielded therefrom as described. The
end at which the gases leave the duct may be heated only to a temperature denoted
by a dull red colour.
Dated thin 7th
Namba 1000

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or Connected with the Manufacture of Illuminating
Gas.
I ISAAC CARR of 72 Albert Road Widnes in the County of Lancaster Gas
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my said invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
This invention has special reference to those processes of manufacturing illuminating
gas in which tar is introduced into the apparatus, and is gasified, and in conjunction
with the gas made in retorts (say of the ordinary kind) from coal is passed through
a heated chamber wherein the two gases become mixed and rendered permanent.
The processes in connection with which it is intended my invention should be mainly
used, and of the type just specified, are those set forth in the Specification of the
Patent of J. H. R. Dinsmore No. 771487 and in the Specification of J. H. R. Dinsmore
of application for Letters Patent No. 209688.
In these processes the gas after distillation in the ordinary coal retorts is caused to
pass through a heated chamber or duct, into which tar is introduced in such a
manner that it becomes converted into gas in the presence of the coal gas and mixes
therewith; and the combined gases are passed through the heated chamber or duct,
whereby they become mixed. In passing through this heated chamber or duct, some
of the hydro carbon gases and ammonia are liable to become destroyed if the tempera-
ture of the chamber or duct is that equivalent to or denoted by a clear cherry red
colour. The prevention of this destruction of gases is the chief object of the present
invention, and I effect this end as follows:-
I construct arrange or set the heated chamber in such a manner that the tempera-
ture thereof will vary at different points along its length, and whereby the inner
surface over which the gases pass will be at such a temperature as not to affect the
gases detrimentally.
The point at which the tar is introduced into the chamber or duct is arranged to be
maintained at a high temperature in order to effect the complete vapourization of the
tar and fixing of the vapour gases, but the portion of the chamber not required for
this purpose I shield inside or out, with brick or other suitable material in any suitable
and convenient way, whereby its temperature at a certain point will be maintained at
a considerably lower point than the other part. The variation or graduation of the
temperature will necessarily be carried out in different arrangements of apparatus in
different ways, and the Invention may be applied to benches having "single" or
through" retorts.
"
In lieu of graduating the temperaturo lengthwise, or in conjunction therewith the
heated chamber or duct may have its temperature graduated at the top or bottom or
sides by applying shielding slabs or brickwork, such as G, along the top only, or the
bottom only, or sides only, in longitudinal strips.
The graduation of temperature may also be effected by arranging the various flues
or passages of a bench in such a manner that the retort heating gases act with their
full force on some parts, and at others are shielded therefrom as described. The ond
at which the gases leave the duct may be heated only to a temperature denoted by a
dull red color.
A further effect of this invention is the provention of stoppages at the outlet of
the duct; i.e. at the point or neck between the body of the duct proper and the
cooled outlet pipe.
It will be seen that if the temperature of the duct at this point is reduced to that
denoted by a dull red, the temperature of the body of gases passing through must
necessarily be of the same degree of heat, and it is well known that this degree of
temperature is insufficient to cause the carbonaceous matter in the gases to become
deposited, thus the outlet is kept clear.

page_text: The shielding can be applied to ducts in either single or double beds containing
any number of retorts and can be placed at either end of bed whichever may be most
convenient for the gas to make its exit.
An example of my invention is given in the accompanying drawings: in which
Fig. 1 is a sectional elevation of a bench of gas making retorts; and
Fig. 2 is an end section of same.
With reference to the drawings R are the ordinary retorts of the bench; D is a
duct such as is used in the Dinsmore process and through which the gases from the
Retorts Rare passed as in that process; E is the eduction passage by way of which
the gases leave the duct and flow to the foul main; F is an artificially cooled pipe
on the passage E such as is used in connection with the "Dinsmore"
process.
G designates a body of brick, tile, or their equivalent, by which the rear end of the
duct is shielded, and by which that end is maintained at, say, a dull red heat,
whereby the effects herein fully explained are obtained.
II are division walls by which the duct is held or supported in position.
By this construction, as already set forth, the front end of the duct is maintained at
a high temperature and the tar effectively distilled, and the desired union of the tar
and coal gases from the retorts is caused to take place, whilst in their passage through
that portion of the duct shielded by the material G all injury, which might other-
wise take place, is obviated, with the result herein specified; the resulting combined
tar and coal gases being both permanent and homogeneous.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is
1. Effecting the prevention of the destruction of the illuminating qualities and
volume of gases, and ammonia, produced by or in processes such as of the type
described substantially as herein set forth.
2. In processes of manufacturing illuminating gas of the kind specified, a duct or
chamber (such as described), through which the gases produced in the retorts, are
passed, adapted to be highly heated at one end and comparatively cool at the other
end; for the purposes set forth.
3. In gas making apparatus of the kind herein described a duct D, shielded at one
end substantially as set forth with reference to the drawings for the purposes set
forth.
Dated this 7th day of August 1880.
CHEESBROUGH & ROYSTON,
15, Water Street, Liverpool, Patent Agents.