AN IMPROVED MECHANICAL MOVEMENT FOR PRODUCING AN IMPELLED CURRENT OF AIR FOR LAMPS, AND WHICH MAY BE USED FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Henry Bailey, Civil Engineer, of the City
and State of New York, United States of America, for the Invention
of "AN IMPROVED MECHANICAL MOVEMENT FOR PRODUCING AN IMPELLED
CURRENT OF AIR FOR LAMPS, AND WHICH MAY BE USED FOR OTHER PURPOSES."
A communication from Francis Bernard de Keravenan, residing lately at
New York, United States, but now at Paris, France.
Sealed the 2nd November 1863, and dated the 8th May 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Henry Bailey
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th May 1863.
I, JOSEPH HENRY BAILEY, Civil Engineer, of the City and State of New
York, United States of America, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MECHANICAL MOVEMENT FOR PRODUCING AN
IMPELLED CURRENT OF AIR FOR LAMPS, AND WHICH MAY BE USED FOR OTHER
PURPOSES," a communication from Francis Bernard de Keravenan, resi-
dent lately at New York, United States, but now at Paris, France, to be as
follows:-
This Invention is designed more particularly for producing an impelled
current of air to be supplied to the wicks of lamps burning bituminous,
kerosine, and other oils and fluids rich in carbon, and which burn but im-
perfectly when air is supplied to them in ordinary ways and in only limited
quantities, and is more particularly designed for use in lamps which are
specially constructed with reference to using such an impelled current of air.
Mechanical movements intended and designed for such use should have
compactness of structure, should be arranged to run for some considerable
length of time, should have all necessary rapidity of motion to be effective, and

page_text: should run without noise, and with but comparatively little wear. The
movements herein described possess such requisites to a remarkable degree;
they are compact, they will run from six to eight hours, they have sufficient
rapidity of motion or movement to ensure a constant supply of air, they run
without noise, and the parts having the most rapid motion are so constructed
as to wear but little.
Figure 1 represents a movement using an ordinary fan blower; Figure 2 is
a side view of the same; Figure 3 represents a movement using a screw fan
or propeller; Figure 4 is a side view of the same.
The movement consists of a frame A of metal uniting strength and cheap-
ness, a moving spring B, which is enclosed in a barrel, and is attached to the
main geared wheel C, two multiplying geared wheels D and E, and a tangent
wheel F, which works into an endless screw G, which gives motion to a blower
II, or screw, fan, or propeller J.
By the arrangement of the tangent wheel F working into the endless
screw G, a great increase of velocity is given to the blower or propeller, and
without the noise which is unavoidable where a like speed is obtained by
ordinary gearing, and these parts the tangent wheel and endless screw work
together, with but very little wear.
The Drawings represent a mechanism of full size suitable for a lamp
burning a wick an inch to an inch and a quarter wide. This movement
somewhat enlarged may also be applied to aerating aquaria, and for other uses
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Joseph Henry Bailey in the. Great Seal Patent Office
on the 6th November 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPHI
HENRY BAILEY, Civil Engineer, of the City and State of New York, United
States of America, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-sixth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Joseph Henry Bailey, Her special licence that I, the said Joseph
Henry Bailey, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Joseph Henry Bailey, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time

page_text: and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "AN IMPROVED MECHANICAL MOVEMENT FOR PRODUCING AN
IMPELLED CURRENT OF AIR FOR LAMPS, AND WHICH MAY BE USED FOR OTHER
PURPOSES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Joseph
Henry Bailey, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Henry Bailey, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
This Invention or improved mechanical movement is designed for use
more particularly in producing an impelled current of air, which is to be
supplied to the wicks of lamps which burn kerosene, bituminous, and other
oils and other fluids rich in carbon, and which burn very imperfectly when
air is supplied in any of the ordinary ways, and necessarily in comparatively
limited quantities, and is more especially designed for application to such
lamps as are constructed to receive and use such an impelled current of air.
In order to effect a complete combustion of such oils and fluids as are rich in
carbon, and produce a flame of high illuminating power, clear, uniform, and
free from smoke, some artificial means must be resorted to to increase the
supply of air supplied to the wick, hence the use of chimneys and other
devices to increase the draft, as it is termed, or in other words to increase
the supply of air to the flame. The use however of chimneys and like devices
is very unsatisfactory, and entails an expense by no means trifling, as they are
continually liable to be broken both by the heat and accidents.
Mechanism
is therefore resorted to to supply all required quantity of air, so as to produce
a complete combustion of the substance burned. Mechanical movements,.
however, which are designed to be applied to such use, should have great
compactness of structure, so that they can be easily placed in the base or
lower part of any lamp, should be so constructed that they will run or give-
motion for a considerable length of time, so that they will not need frequent
winding up, should give to that part producing or impelling the current of air
all required quickness of motion to supply the necessary quantity of air, and

page_text: should run with the least possible noise, so as not to be objectionable for that
reason.
It is believed and considered that the movements herein described, and
which are represented in the Drawings, possess the several requisites above
mentioned in a remarkable degree, as they have great compactness, will run
from six to eight hours without needing to be wound up, or as long and
longer than lamps are usually burned at any one time, their impelling appa-
ratus has sufficient rapidity of movement to ensure a constant supply of all
required air, and the mechanism runs almost without noise.
Fig. 1 is a view of a movement using a screw, fan, or propeller to impel the
air, one of its plates being removed to show the positions and relative pro-
portions of the several wheels and parts; Fig. 2 is a front view of the same;
Fig. 3 is a side view of the same; Fig. 4 is a view of a movement using an
ordinary fan blower to impel the air, with one of its plates removed to show
the positions and relative proportions of the several wheels, &c.; Fig. 5 is a
side view of the same; Fig. 6 is a plau view of Figure 1; Fig. 7 is a plan
view of Figure 4.
The frame A is generally made of brass, but may be of any metal preferred.
A spring contained in the barrel B, which carries the main toothed wheel C,
and which is wound up by the stem a, imparts motion to the mechanism;
this spring requires to be made with a good deal of care and nicety, and
of the best quality of steel. D and E are two multiplying wheels, which
transmit motion to the tangent wheel F, and through that to the endless
screw G, which imparts a great increase or rapidity of motion to the screw
propeller H or fan blower J.
By this arrangement of the tangent wheel F working into the endless
screw G, there is not only secured a great increase of velocity to the propeller
or blower producing the impelled current of air, but such parts are caused to
run without noise, which could not be accomplished if the same velocity was
produced with ordinary gearing. The noise produced by the rapid speed
required of the last pinions, which would take the place of the screw and
wheel F and G, would be so disagreeable that lamps containing or using such
pinions could never be made a successful mechanical Invention, or introduced
or used in private houses or rooms, for which this movement is adapted. By
the use also of the tangent wheel and endless screw, working together, those
parts can be run or used for a long time with but comparatively little wear,
whereas if these parts, where such velocity is necessary, worked together with
ordinary gearing, there would be such a rapid wear that the mechanism
would soon work very imperfectly and unsatisfactorily, and in fact such fine

page_text: gearing running at such a high speed would very soon be entirely worn out
or rendered useless. The revolution of the screw propeller H, or fan blower J
supplies a continuous current of air to the wick of the lamp, and sufficient to
make a complete combustion of those oils, fluids, and gases which are rich in
carbon, and without any necessity for or aid from a chimney. The flame
produced is also much enlarged in size, and its illuminating power increased.
For ordinary lamps the use of the movement with the propeller H is deemed
rather preferable, but for lamps of a much larger size the fan blower J
may be found more desirable.
The mechanism represented in the Drawings is of full working size, such
as is used in a lamp requiring a wick from three-quarters of an inch to an
inch and a quarter wide, or about that size. For lamps of other sizes the
mechanism may be reduced or enlarged as required. When oils or fluids
richer in carbon are burned more air will be required than when poorer oils
or fluids are consumed, and a larger or more effective propeller or blower may
be necessary. When used to produce an impelled current of air for the wicks
of lamps, the mechanism is placed in the base of the lamp, which has suitable
openings to admit free entrance for the air, and the lamp is constructed with
an air passage through the centre of the oil chamber, and around the wick
tube, the latter connecting in some suitable manner with the oil chamber, or
with an air passage about the oil chamber, and between it and an enclosing
shell, or with any proper passage for conducting the impelled current of air
to the wick and flame. Such mechanism may also be used for other purposes
where an increased quantity of air is required, as for aerating aquaria and
other vessels where more oxygen is necessary, and may also be used for toys,
as steamboats, air propellers, and similar contrivances.
What is claimed as new, and is desired to be protected, is, the general
arrangement and combination of the mechanical movement herein described,
and the combination of the tangent wheel F and endless screw G for giving
motion to the propeller H or blower J, substantially as and for the purposes
set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Henry Bailey have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Tenth day of October, in the year of our
JOSEPH H. BAILEY. (L.S.)