matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IM- PROVEMENTS IN TOBACCO-CUTTING MACHINES
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Cope at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th November
1856.
I, THOMAS COPE, of Liverpool, in the County Palatine of Lancaster, Cigar
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN TOBACCO-CUTTING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
My said Invention consists in improvements on the method of feeding and
cutting tobacco, in the manufacture of the same. An endless wire band or
apron works over a series of rollers in the trough placed to feed or supply the
tobacco to my improved cutter or cutters. The tobacco is pressed from above
by a shorter endless wire band placed at an angle, and which is also supplied
with a series of rollers, the object being to compress the tobacco while being
carried forwards towards the metal mouth-piece opposite, and ready for the
cutters, which are formed by placing one or more scimetar-shaped cutters or
knives on the periphery of a metal disc, and so arranged as to be self-sharpening;
or the cutters or knives may be straight-edged, and an oscillating motion given
to them by means of suitable mechanical arrangements. The bands or aprons
may be moved by a cog wheel and endless screw, and the cutters are operated
by means of straps.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS, POR BURNING POTTERY, EARTHENWARE, CHINA, PORCELAIN, AND SIMILAR SUBSTANCES, TO ENABLE THEM TO CONSUME THEIR OWN SMOKE
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Davenport at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th August
1856.
I, ROBERT DAVENPORT, of No. 12, Jonathan Street, Vauxhall, in the County
of Surry, Potter, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS, POR BURNING POTTERY, EARTHENWARE, CHINA,
PORCELAIN, AND SIMILAR SUBSTANCES, TO ENABLE THEM TO CONSUME THEIR OWN
SMOKE," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to enable kilns to consume their own smoke,
and it is proposed to accomplish this by passing the smoke, mixed with atmo-
spheric air, through a fire prepared for the purpose, and fed with suitable fuel,
and perfectly distinct from but connected by a flue or flues with the fire, by
which such smoke shall be generated, and to conduct the flame and vapour
from such first-mentioned consuming fire by means of a flue or flues into the
body of the kiln, or wherever else it may be desired.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING SUGAR AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed.
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Robert Terry at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st
December 1856.
I, ALEXANDER ROBERT TERRY, of No. 45, Bedford Row, in the County
of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING SUGAR AND OTHER
SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to connect and move certain cutting edges, in
such a manner that the sugar or other substance exposed to their action shall
be reduced into lumps of any desired size. I produce this result by working
two different cutters at right angles with each other, and attaching to the last
a series of smaller cutters. The first or cross cutter causing the loaf to be cut
into slices or slabs, is worked by a fly wheel shaft, by means of proper
connections; the second acts upon the slab, cutting it into strips, by means of
suitable connection with the fly wheel shaft. The third operation, that of
reducing the strips into lumps, about cubical, is performed by a series of cutters.
attached to the second cutter, and acting simultaneously with it, any binding of
the material in this last operation being prevented by suitable apparatus.
I also attain the same object by using a set of cutters fixed at right angles
with each other, and so arranged that they will reduce the slabs into lumps by
a single stroke, instead of a succession of strokes, as required by the former
plan.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF PULP FOR PAPER, PASTEBOARD, AND OTHER USES FOR WHICH PULP 18 REQUIRED
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Engene Ernest Amyot at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on tho
9th August 1856.
I, EUGENE ERNEST AMYOT, Physician, of Paris, Town of the French Empire,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
PREPARATION OF PULP FOR PAPER, PASTEBOARD, AND OTHER USES FOR WHICH PULP 18
REQUIRED," to be as follows:-
In order to prepare wood for the manufacture of paper, pasteboard, and
other similar articles, resin, salts, and other extraneous matters should be first
separated therefrom.
For this purpose I proceed as follows:-I strip off the bark from the tree
or log, and cut the wood into small pieces or shavings, in the direction of the
grain, by an endless screw or otherwise. I place the pieces of wood into a
boiler or vessel containing water, to which protoxide of calcium is added, and
raise the whole to boiling point, leaving it to boil for three or four hours, or
until the shavings become completely soft and yielding. I then subunit the
wood to trituration, to remove the coloring matter therefrom, and the pulp is
now a pure ligneous substance fit for the manufacture of paper.
THE PRODUCTION OF ARTIFICIAL SKINS, &c.
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Harcourt Brown at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th October 1856.
I,.JOHN HARCOURT BROWN, of Teddington, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "THE PRODUCTION OF
ARTIFICIAL SKINS, &c.," to be, as follows:-
This Invention has for its object to produce artificial skins for the manu-
facture of parchment, or such like articles, and leather, and consists in
employing hides, cuttings, or parts of hides and skins of animals, by reducing
the same to a fibrous mass, and then by rollers, pressure machines, or other-
wise, to produce sheets and other articles; also to produce configurated and
other articles by vacuum, or in moulds, or otherwise. For this purpose, the
hides, cuttings, or parts of hides, having had the hair or wool removed, are
selected, to suit the nature of the articles required, and they may either be
reduced by grinding, rolling, tearing, bruising, or beating, or otherwise, in a
dry or wet state, in any suitable machine. They may be submitted to alkaline
baths, acids, & other bleaching materials, and bleached when necessary until
suitable for the purposes required, and made into sheets or configurated or
other articles, and to combine and intermix certain vegetable and mineral
substances with the said animal hides, cuttings, and parts of hides when
required. And the said sheets or other articles may be coated or covered
with certain animal, vegetable, and mineral substances, or any of them, in
solution, or otherwise, and also may be converted into leather.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER CLOSETS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Seggie Carr at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
December 1856.
I, WILLIAM SEGGIE CARR, of the City and State of New York, United
States of America, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER CLOSETS," to be as follows:-
I construct the basin and hopper connecting to the soil pipe in any usual
manner, and make use of the weight of the person on the seat (moving the
same slightly), or a handle and lever, to actuate the parts to which my improve-
ments relate, which are a cock to let in the water, and also a means for
emptying the pan that sets up under the basin of the closet. The cock that I
use is formed by a valve opening against the supply of water, which when
moved allows a dash of water to pass into the other parts of the cock, and
then a cylinder comes into the seat of the valve, shutting out the water until
the power acting on the valve rod is removed, and the cock closes gradually by
the pressure of water and a spring, the time for closing being regulated by the
escape of water out of a small opening in a cylinder, wherein is a cup leather
moving with said valve, thus allowing water to run through the closet the
required time for cleansing the same.
The pan is emptied by an arrangement of latches and lever, acted on by

page_text: hand or the valve rod of the cock in such a manner, that the pan is dropped
and the contents emptied, and then said pan is held in this position while the
closet is washed out, and then allowed to return to its place beneath the
basin and there retained, and the flow of water just before it is finally shut off
is sufficient to fill said pan and exclude smell.
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN PHOTOGRAPHY
Year: 1856

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Kloen and Daniel Jones
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
5th December 1856.
We, WILLIAM KLOEN, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Com-
mercial Traveller, and DANIEL JONES, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Photographic Artist, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "AN
IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN PHOTOGRAPHY," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in substituting the materials, herein-after enumerated,
in place of glass, for taking the photographic pictures upon, called positive
collodion pictures. When glass is used for the said pictures, the said glass
requires to be blackened at the back if colorless, and when, to avoid this
trouble, black glass is employed, the brittleness which is one of the greatest
objections to the use of glass is unremedied. Our Invention consists in the
use of materials which present a black surface, which are not brittle, and
which have such a chemical composition as not to act prejudicially on the
materials employed in taking the picture. The material we prefer is papier
mâché, and the various compositions and materials which are or may be used
as substitutes for papier mâché, such as plates of metal, wood, or other
substance covered with the varnish or japan with which papier mâché is
usually covered. The plates on which the pictures have been taken may be
applied to trays and such other articles as are or may be made of papier
mâché.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR SUPPLYING AND DRAWING OPP LIQUIDS, AND FOR STOPPING THE FLOW OF LIQUIDS AND AERIFORM BODIES
Year: 1856

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by
Johns Heywood at the Office of the
their Petition, on the 23rd July 1856.
Alexander Bain and Bennett
Commissioners of Patents, with
We, ALEXANDER BAIN, of Brompton, in the County of Middlesex, and
BENNETT JOHNS HEYWOOD, of Leicester Square, in the same County, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS
FOR SUPPLYING AND DRAWING OPP LIQUIDS, AND FOR STOPPING THE FLOW OF LIQUIDS
AND AERIFORM BODIES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates, firstly, to a novel arrangement of air and water tight
vent, applicable to cisterns and other vessels containing liquids, and also to air
cushions, swimming belts, and other inflated articles, and to gas pipes, which
arrangement of vent forms a perfect substitute for the common tap or cock.
The apparatus consists simply of a vulcanized india-rubber tube, provided with
rigid mouth-piece, and with a ring or other suitable contrivance for holding
the mouth-piece while the tube is in a bent position. The tube when straight,
or taking a natural curve, will permit of air or water flowing freely through it
as through an open tap; and when it is required to stop the flow it is only
necessary to double the tube back upon itself, and a complete stoppage of the
tube will take place.
This flexible tube we propose also to apply to cisterns in connection with a

page_text: float for supplying water thereto and cutting off the supply when it has
attained the required height.
Our Invention relates, secondly, to the application of a floating tube to a
cistern, reservoir, or river, for the purpose of drawing off water at variable
levels, such levels being always above the turbid portion of the stream or body
of water and below the surface. By this means we ensure the withdrawal of
the purest portion of the water.
The like result we propose to obtain by the use of a rigid tube swinging on
a joint and borne up by a float.
To prevent the disturbance of the sediment in a cistern or reservoir by the
admission of liquid thereto, we propose to shape the mouth of the inlet pipe
so that it will admit the liquid in a thin horizontal sheet or stream at the
lowest convenient level.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TRANSFORMATION OF MOVEMENT IN STEAM ENGINES AND OTHER MACHINERY
Year: 1856

page_text: This Invention received Provisional Protection, out notice to proceeu
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Marie Giudicelli at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th February 1856.
I, JOSEPH MARIE GIUDICELLI, of No. 84, Rue Bonaparte, in the City of
Paris, in France, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TRANSFORMATION OF MOVEMENT IN STEAM ENGINES
AND OTHER MACHINERY," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to obtain from the to and fro rectilinear
motion in a steam engine, or other machine, continuous rotatory motion to an
axis. For this purpose, a crank or arm of an ordinary description is keyed on
the axis, but the axis is not divided; and in connection with such arm or crank
a frame is used, having through it two slots at right angles to each other, and
each slot is of the length of the double throw of the crank or arm. To this.
frame the to and fro motion is communicated; the axis passes constantly in one
of the slots, whilst the crank pin passes backwards and forwards in the other
slot.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF MANUFACTURING BANK NOTES, CHEQUES, AND OTHER LIKE DOCUMENTS
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Johannis Joachim Mathias Meyer
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with. his Petition, on the
23rd January 1856.
I, JOHANNIS JOACHIM MATHIAS MEYER, of Bartlett's Buildings, in the
City of London, Lithographer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for AN IMPROVED MODE OF MANUFACTURING BANK NOTES, CHEQUES,
AND OTHER LIKE DOCUMENTS, to be as follows:→
The object of this Invention is to prevent the transferring of designs from
the face of cheques, bank notes, and other like documents, and by that
means obtaining printed copies of such documents. With this view I propose
to manufacture cheques, bank notes, &c. by a process of double printing, one
printing to produce a plain tint or an ornamental device of so elaborate a
nature as to present the appearance of a tint upon the whole surface, or on
a part only of the face of the paper, and the second printing to give the paper
its peculiar designation, whether of a cheque, bank note, or otherwise. These
two impressions I obtain (according to the chemical properties of the colors
used) either from copper or steel plates, or by surface or lithographic printing,.
taking care that the ink employed in each case shall possess such qualities in
common, that when the printed paper is subjected to suitable treatment for
effecting a transfer, the whole imprint, (that is to say,) the printed tint and the

page_text: printed designation) shall come down together on to the stone or plate on
which the transfer is made, and thereby, from the nature of the work prevent
the possibility of a clear or legible impression, being obtained from such
transfer.
IMPROVEMENT IN CONNECTING RAILWAY CARRIAGES
Year: 1856

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Demain at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th April
1856.
I, JOSEPH DEMAIN, of Markington, in the County of York, Agricultural
Implement Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for AN IMPROVEMENT IN CONNECTING RAILWAY CARRIAGES, to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in an improved mode of connecting railway carriages
to each other. It is effected by self-acting catches attached to each carriage
and working into each other, so that when a carriage is pushed against another
it will fasten itself, and it thereby renders it unnecessary to enter between the
carriages when they are required to be fastened. The catch coupling consists
of a rod, with a tapered catch at its end, and is fixed into the railway carriage
where the ordinary couplings now in use are fixed; this catch is made to
meet a similarly tapered catch (attached in a similar manner) on the other
carriage. When the catches meet the rods give way, so as to allow the
catches to pass over each other until they reach the end of the taper. The
rod of the coupling is then pressed back to its position by a spring acting upon

page_text: it, so that the catch to each enters a socket at the back of the corresponding
catch on the other rod.
My Invention also includes a mode of releasing the catches, when required,
by the action of levers operating against the face of the tapered catch.
AN APPARATUS FOR CONTAINING AN ARRANGEMENT OF CARDS OR PAPERS FOR SELECTION
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Kisch at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th April
1856. A communication.
-
I, BENJAMIN KISCH, of Kennington, in the County of Surrey, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN APPARATUS
FOR CONTAINING AN ARRANGEMENT OF CARDS OR PAPERS FOR SELECTION," to be as
follows (that is to say):-
My Invention, which has reference to a mechanical arrangement for
presenting the printed or inscribed surfaces of cards or papers for inspection
and selection, as a medium for advertising or otherwise, consists in so arranging
the said cards or papers, that upon the front or outer one being removed, the
next or succeeding one may be brought forward, until in like manner the
whole number of cards or papers have been withdrawn. To effect this object,
I cause a receptacle or frame to be constructed of any convenient shape, and
divided into rectangular cells or compartments, each cell or compartment being
provided with a yielding back, actuated by any suitable spring movement, so
as to force the cards towards the front of the compartment for selection (with
the exception of the last card or paper, which is retained in its position by a

page_text: glass cover), the said cells or compartments being fitted with a beading
projecting over the sides of the cells in front, against which the edges of the
cards are forced by the action of the spring back and glass cover, an opening
or curve being left in the beading so as to insert the finger to withdraw the
cards or papers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PORTABLE STEAM ENGINES, AND IN:. APPARATUS CONNECTED-THEREWITH FOR TILLING AND CULTIVATING LAND
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Hart, of the Vale of White Horse Iron
Works, Wantage, in the County of Berks, Agricultural Engineer, for,
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PORTABLE STEAM ENGINES, AND IN:.
APPARATUS CONNECTED-THEREWITH FOR TILLING AND CULTIVATING LAND."
i
Scaled the 14th March 1856, and dated the 4th January 1856..
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Hart at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th January.
1856.
I, CHARLES HART, of the Vale of White Horse Iron Works, Wantage, in.
the County of Berkshire, Agricultural Engineer, do hereby declare the nature-
of the said Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN PORTABLE STEAM ENGINES, AND IN:
APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH FOR TILLING AND CULTIVATING LAND, to be as-
follows:-
These improvements relate, firstly, to the construction and arrangement of:
portable and locomotive steam engines, adapted more particularly for agricul-
tural purposes. A steam boiler of a convenient form is mounted upon a pair
of travelling and driving wheels, with a guide wheel (or wheels) in front.
Upon the boiler is placed a steam cylinder, a connecting. rod. from the piston

page_text: of which gives motion to a horizontal crank shaft, having at one end a fly
wheel, and at the other end a bevil wheel working into a second bevil wheel or
wheels on the top of a vertical shaft. Upon this vertical shaft (which I call
the worm shaft) there is an endless screw or worm that takes into a worm
wheel on a second horizontal shaft, at each end of which there is a pinion.
The inner edge of the tyre (or rim) of the travelling or driving wheel is
furnished with teeth like a crown wheel, and the two pinions above named are
so placed within the toothed edge as to work into the latter, and cause the
wheels to revolve, and. propel, the engine, along the ground. In order to facili-
tate the travelling upon soft land, I use a circular endless rail, wider and larger
in diameter than the rim of the travelling wheels, fitted with suitable guides,
for keeping. it in its proper position around the travelling wheels.
The second part of my improvement consists in connecting with the portable
locomotive engine, apparatus suitable for tilling and cultivating land. For
this purpose, I place at the binder part of the machine, near to the surface of
the ground, an adjustable horizontal shaft or axis, equipped. with a number; of
tines or cultivators for breaking up the land. At the lower end. of the vertical
worm shaft there is a worm or screw, which takes. into.a worm wheel; on the
axis of the tines or cultivators, and. communicates. a rotary: motion thereto; so
that when the steam engine is set in motion, with, the cultivators properly,
adjusted, it travels over the land, the surface of which is ploughed up, broken,
or comminuted by the rotary action of the revolving tines or cultivators,, and
thereby prepared for the reception of seeds, &c.
M
IMPROVE- MENTS IN SHOWER BATHS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Carey at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd March
1856.
I, CHARLES CANEY, of 32, Union Grove, Wandsworth Road, in the County
of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SHOWER BATHS" to be as follows:-—
This Invention has for its object improvements in shower baths. For this
purpose the frame may be either formed to take readily to pieces, to pack close
when for carriage, and to be put together with screws or otherwise, or the
parts of the framing may be fixed one to the other. The vessel to contain the
water is arranged to slide up and down in the frame in such manner that it
may, when to be filled, be lowered down to a height convenient for a person to
pour in the water, and then by means of a bar and two cords, chains, or straps,
the vessel may be raised to its position, the bar being passed under two hooks
or stops in order to retain the vessel at its highest position. The vessel is
provided with a suitable outlet and rose-head, and the flow of the water from
the vessel to the rose-head is allowed or stopped by a cock or valve, which is
moved by the person taking the bath, by a handle, cord, or otherwise. At the
bottom of the bath is placed a pan to receive the water, and in order to

page_text: facilitate the draining off of the water therefrom, it is arranged to be lifted a
height, and to be upheld in position, in order that a pail or other vessel may
be put under the cock or outlet. If it is desired to be portable, the pan is
made flexible of water-proof fabric or material, and there is at bottom wood,
capable of being folded by the parts being hinged together.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCOMOTION ON RAILROADS, PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO ORDINARY ROADS
Year: 1856

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Armand Gilbee at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st June 1856.-A communication.
I, WILLIAM ARMAND GILBEE, of No. 4, South Street, Finsbury, London
and 39, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, in the Empire of France, Gentleman, do
hereby declare the nature of my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCOMOTION
ON RAILROADS, PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO ORDINARY
ROADS," to be as follows, that is to say:
The object of the Invention is to increase the adherence between the wheels
of locomotives and the rails on railroads, and also to increase the speed of
vehicles on common roads, and consists,-
First, in the applying of an extra wheel in the middle of the axletree of
the locomotive.
Secondly, in the widening of the crown of locomotive wheels, and in the
employment of rails of hard wood fitted close to the iron rails; these
wooden rails present their fibres to the action of the crown of the wheels,..
which press on the rails. That part of the crown which presses on the wooden
rail is provided with small, sharp, conical steel blades, projecting out from the
surface about three-quarters of an inch, more or less, the distance between.

page_text: the blades being about one inch and a half; these wooden rails may be used
with advantage when horse power is applied for locomotion on cross roads
communicating with small towns and villages The wood may be steeped in
a solution of alumina or silica, by which the rails can be made equal in
hardness to iron, while the first expense will be much less.
IMPROVEMENTS IN KEYS, AND CERTAIN MEANS FOR PREVENTING THE PICKING OF LOCKS
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sidney Newburgh and Charles
Steinhart at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 26th December 1856.-A communication.
We, SIDNEY NEWBURGH, of Islington, in the County of Middlesex, Merchant,
and CHARLES STEINHART, of Great Alie Street, in the City of London, Merchant,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
KEYS, AND CERTAIN MEANS FOR PREVENTING THE PICKING OF LOCKS," (com-
municated to us by a foreigner residing abroad,) to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in dividing keys into two parts, the loop or bow and
a portion of the shaft or spindle being one part, and the remaining portion of
the shaft and the bit being the other part; in uniting the parts by screws,
springs, or other equivalent, and in fitting in the upper part of the shaft one,
two, or more arms, which when the two portions of the key are separated flies
or fly, springs or spring out from the upper portion.
The means for preventing the picking of locks consist in fixing inside the
lock a portion of the key or a stop, which shuts out all access to the wards of
the lock, and which stop can only be removed by the possessor of the counter,
or corresponding part thereto. The action of the key is as follows:-
The key in its entire state having been used to to shoot the bolt or bolts of
the lock to which its belongs is divided by unscrewing the loop and lower part

page_text: of the spindle, and this part is removed from the lock. During the unscrewing,
the arm or arms, before mentioned, flies or fly out from the upper part of the
spindle, and engages or engage into a recess or against a stop made for their
reception in the lock. The bit and top of the spindle will thus be retained in
the lock, and will prevent its being picked until the hoop and remaining part
of the spindle are again screwed on to it, and during the action of screwing,
the arms or arms is or are withdrawn and returned to their original position,
when the lock can be opened.
It will be understood that this Invention is equally applicable to such keys
as have bits, or to others, such as Bramah's, as are made without them.
Instead of the divided keys being used to open locks, they may merely be
inserted into the lock after the regular key has been withdrawn. In such
case the upper part of the safety key would remain in the lock, and prevent
access to the wards thereof.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BILLIES AND MULES FOR SLUBBING AND SPINNING WOOL, COTTON, OR OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Blackburn at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th November-
1856.
I, HENRY BLACKBURN, of Butterworth Hall, near Rochdale, in the County
of Lancaster, Manager, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BILLIES AND MULES FOR SLUBBING AND SPINNING WOOL, COTTON,
OR OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
These improvements are designed for preventing the breaking of the ends of
the yarn during the operations of slubbing and spinning, by adapting to billies
and mules certain mechanism, whereby the operation of piecing the ends of
the yarn as commonly practised, is by these improvements for the most part
dispensed with, and the work manufactured thereby is more level and of better
quality, and can be produced in larger quantity in a given time, than by the
use of billies or mules as heretofore constructed. The means by which these
improvements may be effected is, first, by imparting motion to the surface
drums through the agency of worms and other mechanism; and, secondly,
by the use of certain change wheels, which impart motion to a shaft with a
finger thereon, for the purpose of delivering the proper length of material
to be slubbed or spun, the difference of length being altered by changing

page_text: a wheel. By thus delivering the proper length of yarn, it gives the master
or overlooker a check on the hands employed; as they cannot possibly alter
the thickness of the yarn at the billy or mule without a different change
wheel.
AN IMPROVED KNIFE- CLEANING MACHINE
Year: 1856

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Thomas Key at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and Declaration,
on the 4th July 1856, pursuant to the 9th Section of the Patent Law
Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
KEY, of 122, Brick Lane, Bethnal Green, send greeting.
WHEREAS, I am in possession of an Invention for "AN IMPROVED KNIFE-
CLEANING MACHINE," and have petitioned Her Majesty to grant unto me, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, Her Royal Letters Patent for the same,
and have made solemn declaration that I verily believe myself to be the first
and true Inventor thereof.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Key, do hereby declare that
the following Complete Specification under my hand and seal fully describes
the nature of my said Invention and the manner in which the same is to be
performed (that is to say):
This Invention consists of a roller brush, made with bristles or any other
suitable material, a sufficient length to admit knives to be layed round at each
end. A cylinder is passed over the brush to keep the knives on the bristles;
the cylinder is closed with straps to lighten the cylinder as the bristles wear
away. The following is a description of the Drawing:-No. 1 represents the

page_text: machine in working order; No. 2, the machine open; No. 3, the cylinder;
No. 4, the feeding pan; No. 5, the straps, to close the cylinder as the brush
wears away; No. 6, the partition, where the knives are put in to keep them
straight; No. 7, the lid of box; No. 8, stop on cylinder, to prevent it from
going around; No. 9, handle to turn the brush; No. 10, spindle; No. 11,
knives in machine; No. 12, lock and key; No. 13, end view of machine;
No. 14, drawer of machine; No. 15, front view of machine; No. 16, fasten-
ings to keep machine steady; No. 17, end of machine; No. 18 sockets for
spindle to work in; No. 19, screws to machine.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Key, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fourth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
THOMAS KEY. (L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN LIFE BOATS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by François Long at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th August
1856.
I, FRANÇOIS LONG, of Paris, in the Empire of France, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LIFE BOATS," to be as
follows:-
My improvements relate to a form of life boat that will take up a very
small space on board the ship, and by that means admit of having a much
greater number of boats; the crew & passengers of a ship may, therefore, be
more readily saved in case of accident. This life boat is constructed in such a
manner that it may be shut up flat in the same way as a pocket-book, by means
of articulations or joints, the two sides being laid flat one against the other.
It is in this state that it is placed upon the deck. When it is necessary to set
it afloat, it is opened by means of a simple apparatus, and kept open by fixing
the seats, which give it its necessary form. The very small space that this
boat will take up will admit of having a greater number on board without
encumbering the deck, & therefore considerably diminish the danger in case of
wreck.
This life boat is framed of iron, and covered with a stout waterproof
cloth.

page_text: This life boat has its sides composed of two sheets of iron or steel, which
are riveted or otherwise fixed along the keel, & which collapse & come
together when the boat is collapsed. Sheets or pieces of steel, forming the
bow & stern, are jointed to the keel & sides. When the boat is collapsed
these pieces fold on the sides. This boat is fitted with stretching frames, forming
seats or diaphragms, having an outline in the form of the boat desired. They
are pivoted into the keel, & are turned in the same line as the keel, or nearly
so when collapsed, but placed transversely thereto when the boat is expanded.
The stretchers separate & spring out the steel or iron sides according to their
shape, & sustain the form of the boat, the bow and stern pieces being at the
same time secured in position.
The boat may be entirely or partially covered or lined with flexible water-
proof material to render it water-tight.
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPARATUS FOR MAKING INFUSIONS OF VEGETABLE OR OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Stuart Vaughan at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th September 1856.
I, JAMES STUART VAUGHAN, of Stockland Vicarage, near Bridgwater, in the
County of Somerset, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPARATUS FOR MAKING INFUSIONS OF
VEGETABLE OR OTHER SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
Although my Invention may be applied to making infusions of any vegetable
or other substance containing soluble matter, the object I more especially have
in view is to construct an apparatus for making infusions of tea or coffee,
which shall serve the purpose of the tea-pot and tea-urn combined; and for
this purpose I provide a vessel of any required shape or form, divided into two
compartments, one raised above the other. The upper vessel is fitted with a
tube and heater, similar to those used in ordinary tea-urns; or its contents
may be heated or kept hot by the flame of a spirit lamp or any other ordinary
and well-known means. The lower compartment is intended to receive the
tea, coffee, or other matter to be infused, and a small tube fitted with a
stop-cock opens a communication between the bottom of the urn or upper
vessel and the bottom of the lower or infusing vessel; this latter vessel being
fitted with a guage of glass or other material by which the quantity of liquid
admitted can be readily observed. Both vessels are fitted with cocks or taps

page_text: of the ordinary kind for drawing off their liquid contents, the passage of the
matter which may have been infused in the lower vessel being obstructed
by a perforated metal plate, through which the liquid must be sifted before
it can pass through the cock or tap.
When the apparatus is used for making infusions of coffee, or other
substance which has been reduced to powder, I fit into the lower vessel a
moveable box or biggin, which forms a double false bottom; and this box or
biggin is perforated on its upper and lower sides with holes of such a size as to
admit the passage of the water, but obstruct that of the coffee or other
substance situated between them. The coffee being within this box or biggin,
and a communication opened between the upper vessel containing hot water
and the lower one containing the box or biggin, the water ascends through the
coffee until the vessel is sufficiently full. The communicating cock is then
closed and the coffee allowed to infuse the required time. The infusion
can then be drawn off through the ordinary cock in the bottom of the vessel
and made to pass through the coffee a second time in its descent, giving the
advantage of a double percolation at one operation.
IMPROVEMENTS IN JACQUARD MACHINES
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Eugenio Vincenzi at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th June
1856,
I, EUGENIO VINCENZI, of Turin (Piedmont), Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN JACQUARD MACHINES,"
to be as follows:-
These improvements in jacquard machines have for their object to facilitate
the working of them, and the reading of the patterns for such looms that are
worked by means of an electric current. They consist in cutting out by
means of a metallic point the outlines of each of the coloured spots of which
the pattern is formed, in a thin sheet of tin or other suitable metal, fixed to a
sheet of stout paper, paste or cardboard, or other suitable material, thus
isolating these outlines from each other. On the margin of the sheet of paper
are traced as many lines as the pattern contains colours, and on the back part
of the sheet each of these lines is made to communicate with its corresponding
colour by means of small stripes of tin, pewter, or other metal or metals, and
thereby causes the electric current to communicate with one or more of the
said lines on the margin, so that the current will be directed to the corre-
sponding colours without touching the others. By placing consequently the

page_text: comb of the electric apparatus on the entire surface of the pattern, those teeth
only will came into effect that touch a described colour, whereas by bringing
the current in contact with other lines on the margin, other colours of the
pattern come into action.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CURRY COMBS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Gedge at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th February
1856. A communication.
I, JOHN GEDGE, of No. 4, Wellington Street South, Strand, in the County
of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CURRY COMBS," communicated to me by
F. B. Loubatieres, of Agen, in France, to be as follows:-
I propose to make the curry comb of leather, the rows to receive the teeth
to be so perforated that pointed iron wire screws may be inserted therein and
screwed out (when worn by friction) simultaneously, so that a renewal of the
scratching surface of the comb will be continual, until the whole is worn out.
From the supple or yielding nature of the leather, the horse will not be so
annoyed while being curried, and the numerous points or teeth will penetrate so
closely to the skin, that parasites of any description will be certainly destroyed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CLOCK WORKS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Antoine Romain Richoux
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 24th January 1856.
I, LOUIS ANTOINE ROMAIN RICHOUX, of Paris, Watch and Clock Maker,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN
CLOCK WORKS, to be as follows:-
The object of my improvements in the mechanism of clocks or timepieces,
is to cause them to repeat the hour immediately after striking the half hour, so
that the hearers may know the particular half hour struck. For example, to.
indicate half-past one, the clock strikes the half hour and then one. The
accompanying Drawing represents the principal portion of the mechanism of
my improved clock or timekeeper.
D is the dial plate; A', A", the arbors or spindles of the spring barrels ; the
large wheels of the barrels are fitted upon the opposite side of the plate, by
which means a larger barrel may be used for impelling the hammers without
changing the position of the spindles. A, A, is a snail placed on the hour
wheel, by which arrangement the clock will go for two weeks without being
wound up. E is a lever, which causes the hour to be repeated after the striking
of every half hour; this lever is impelled by a stud a, projecting from the face
of the minute wheel. The lever G retains the rack L in the position shown,
and is on the same axis as the detent lever H. The small lever is fixed at

page_text: the end of the hammer's axis M; a pin i, on the lever E, catches the lever l, and
causes the striking of the hammer. The lever E is flexible, and its upper edge
is cut in a slanting direction, so that when turning the hands the wrong way
the stud a causes the lever E to bend, and the stud passes under it without
injuring the striking train.
CERTAIN IMPROVED PRO- CESSES OF PREPARING MILK TO BE PRESERVED
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Johannes Neuenschwander at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th September 1856.
I, JOHANNES NEUENSCHWANDER, of the Canton of Berne, in Switzerland, and
Proprietor of the Whey Establishment of Harvstehude, near Hamburg, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVED PRO-
CESSES OF PREPARING MILK TO BE PRESERVED," to be as follows:-
One of my improved processes of preparing milk to be preserved consists
in parboiling the milk immediately after it has been obtained, agitating it for
about ten minutes, and directly afterwards mixing it with a concoction of
horseradish and fresh milk, in the proportion of about one quart of the con-
coction to ten quarts of the milk to be preserved. In preparing this concoction
I place about lb. of grated horseradish in three quarts of milk, causing the
mixture to be parboiled, and afterwards passing it through linnen or other
similar material of a fine texture. The boiling process is then suspended, the
milk drawn off into bottles at as high a temperature as they will bear, and
the bottles immediately corked, when the process is complete.
Another of my improved processes of preparing milk to be preserved
consists in drawing the milk immediately after it has been obtained off into
bottles, placing them in a suitable vessel containing cold water, and causing
the water to boil during about one hour. The boiling process is then sus-
pended, and the bottles allowed to remain in the water during a quarter of
an hour, whereupon the process is completed. The milk so prepared will
remain sweet for several years and in all climates.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LADIES' WEARING APPAREL
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th June 1856.-A communication.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LADIES' WEARING APPAREL," (communicated to me from
P. M. Hebert, of Paris, a foreigner residing abroad,) to be as follows:-
The Invention consists in fastening or connecting tubes, made of caoutchouc,
crinoline, or other suitable material, to the skirts of petticoats and other
articles of ladies' dress, by means of hooks and eyes, buttons, laces, or
otherwise.
These tubes may be fastened on the garment separately, or one within
another, and stiffened if required by the insertion of a wire, strip of cane,
whalebone, or gutta percha; or two pieces of tape may be sewn in the skirt
with oeillet holes on their edges, and the tube laid between 'them and kept in
place by bringing the tapes over the tube and lacing them together; or tubes
of thin air-proof material may be let in or fastened to the skirt at intervals,
and when required may be inflated, so as to cause it to give a graceful form
to the dress.
AN IMPROVED PASTE FOR MANUFACTURING PAPER, PASTEBOARD, AND OTHER SIMILAR PRODUCTS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Claude Louis Pariset at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th January
1856.
I, CLAUDE LOUIS PARISET, Chemist, of Paris, in the French Empire, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED PASTE FOR
MANUFACTURING PAPER, PASTEBOARD, AND OTHER SIMILAR PRODUCTS," to be as
follows:-
The Invention relates to the preparation of a paste or pulp from grass or
hay, and similar plants used as forage, and also from weeds and other herbs,
either in a fresh or dried state, in the following manner:-The aforesaid
materials are first boiled in water, being kept submerged in the water during
the operation, and agitated until they become sufficiently softened. For
the harder substances, such as reeds or rushes, about two per cent., more
or less, of carbonate of soda is added to the water. The materials are then
crushed or squeezed and submitted to fermentation, being kept at the proper
degree of temperature and moisture to produce the putrid fermentation. The
materials are then bleached by chlorine, or chlorides, or hypochlorites, or by
sulphurous acid. The bleaching is carried on or repeated until the required
degree of whiteness is obtained. The fermentation may be omitted, but in
that case a larger quantity of the bleaching materials will be required.

page_text: The bleached materials are then drained, washed in several waters, and
exposed to light and air on a bleaching ground, or otherwise, and pressed and
ground up in a paper mill, so as to reduce them to paste or pulp. Size or
smalts, or other ordinary ingredients which are added to paper, may then be
mixed with the pulp. This pulp may be used alone, or mixed with the ordinary
pulp from rags.