CARTS OR VEHICLES FOR CON- VEYING CANNON PERSONS OR ANYTHING OVER ROUGH, HILLY, SWAMPY OR SANDY GROUND
Year: 1885

page_text: Over Hilly, Rough, Swampy, or Sandy Ground.
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AUGUSTUS FREDERICK SANDERSON Engineer " Raddery "Fortrose Ross-shire N.B.
do hereby declare the nature of my invention for CARTS OR VEHICLES FOR CON-
VEYING CANNON PERSONS OR ANYTHING OVER ROUGH, HILLY, SWAMPY OR SANDY
GROUND to be as follows:
-
The body or framework of the cart is suspended inside a barrel shaped cylinder
which has one or more grooves or rims round the inside either at right angles to
its axis or slanting across it-The body or frame work of the cart is fitted with
rollers which run in the groove or grooves or on the rim or rims (as the case may
be) When the cart is drawn forward the cylinder revolves & in the case where
the groove or grooves or rim or rims is or are placed in a slanting position a
vermicular motion is imparted to the cylinder as well as a rotary motion thus
facilitating the draught of the vehicle.

page_text: Over Hilly, Rough, Swampy, or Sandy Ground.
I, AUGUSTUS FREDERICK SANDERSON, of "Raddery," Fortrose, Ross-shire, N.B.
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
The body or framework of the cart is suspended inside a barrel shaped cylinder
which has one or more grooves or rims round the inside, either at right angles to
its axis, or slanting across it. The body or framework of the cart is fitted with
rollers which run in the groove or grooves, or on the rim or rims (as the case may
be) When the cart is drawn forward the cylinder revolves, and in the case where
the groove or grooves, or rim or rims, is or are placed in a slanting position, a
vermicular motion is imparted to the cylinder, as well as a rotary motion, thus
facilitating the draught of the vehicle. And in order that my invention may be
fully understood I will proceed to describe the same by reference to the accom-
panying drawings.
Figure 1 is a side elevation of a cart or vehicle constructed according..to my
invention, wherein the body proper is carried by trunnions; and Figure 2 is a
vertical cross section through the line X Y of the saine; Figure 3 is a perspective
view with the top cover of body proper removed. Figure 4 is a vertical cross
section of a similar cart or vehicle where trunnions are dispensed with and the
shafts are fastened to the body; and Figure 5 is a side elevation of the same cart
or. vehicle fitted with side covers or doors, shewing the rollers attached to the
framework running in grooves upon inner surface of barrel shaped cylinder, the
Bide cover or door being thrown back or open.
Figure 6 is a plan of the cart where the outside edges of wheel are shewn
eccentric one to the other.
Figure 7 is a side elevation of a cart shewing its special applicability to the
transport of ordnance, and Figure 8 is a sectional plan of same.
Figure 9 shews in front elevation, and Figure 10 in sectional side elevation a
vehicle of similar construction having a spherical body.
Figure 11 is a sectional front view of a cart with a spherical body mounted
upon trunnions supported by the inner ring or framework, the latter carrying
rollers which run on rails arranged slantingly across the axis, and Figure 12 is a
side elevation of the same.
Figure 13 is a side elevation of a vehicle constructed as shown at Figures 4 and 5,
shewing how power can be applied to the cart or vehicle for driving same when
required.

page_text: Figure 14 is a side elevation, and Figure 15 is a partial plan of cart showing
how the same may be driven by manual labor, combined with or aided by the
addition of mechanical power.
Similar letters of reference refer to like parts in all the figures.
Referring more particularly to Figures 1, 2, and 3, A is the body of the cart or
vehicle, carried within the barrel shaped cylinder B. CC are the grooves or rails
upon the inner surface of cylinder B in or upon which the rollers D D run, said
rollers DD being carried by the framework E which supports, by the trunnions F F,
the body A. The body A may be formed with a detachable top cover A' as
shewn; or it may be formed with side covers or doors G G¹ as shown in Figures 4
and 5. Or, again, the body A may be of spherical form as shewn in Figures 9, 10, 11,
and 12. H H are shafts attached to trunnions F by cross head H¹, by which the
whole structure is drawn.
In some cases the trunnions F F may be dispensed with, then the shafts H are
attached to the body A direct as shewn in Figures 4 and 5. It will be noticed in
Figures 4 and 5 that the rollers D are carried or mounted on a framework or
bearing which is secured directly to the body A.
The shape of the wheel B may be varied in transverse section according to the
nature of the ground over which the cart or vehicle has to travel; for example, it
may be of the form shewn at Figure 6; or the periphery of the wheel B may be
corrugated as shewn at Figure 4; or the wheel B may be a, so to say, skeleton
sphere as in Figures 9 and 10; or of other suitable section.
In Figures 7 and 8 the letters A B and E respectively distinguish the body, the
barrel shaped wheel, and the frame work; the body being represented by a gun.
The body or gun is in this case supported by a cast iron framework A¹ sliding in
guides A³, and rotating in a footstep bearing A³; the gun may be rotated by the
screw gear A, and the sighting and elevation may be obtained by screw gear, such
as that shewn at A³, or in any other convenient manner.
The body is entirely supported and carried by the framework E which itself
carries the rollers D D running on rails C in the barrel shaped wheel B.
Figures 9 and 10 shew the body A in spherical form, instead of cylindrical as in
the previous figures the wheel B is provided with curved ribs or arms B¹ across its
outer edges, forming a sphere in skeleton. The spherical body A is carried by the
skeleton framework of wheel B, the shafts H being attached to the ribs B¹, forming
a portion of the skeleton frame.
In Figures 11 and 12 the spherical body A. is supported by the inner ring or
framework E, the shafts H being attached to such inner ring E. In these Figures 11
and 12 the grooves or rails C are shewn arranged slantingly across the axis of
the ring or framework. Upon the wheel B being revolved the rollers D traverse
the grooves or rails C, and the body A is thus carried from side to side of the
wheel B, thus a vermicular as well as a rotary motion is imparted to the vehicle
when drawn along, the draught of same being thereby much facilitated. It is
obvious that this motion may also be obtained by forming the grooves or rails C
in a curved zig-zag around the inner surface of wheel B.
In Figure 13 which shews a means of applying power for driving the vehicle,
R is the platform for carrying any suitable motor.
The inner surface of wheel B has teeth B¹, into which the teeth S' on wheel S
gear. The wheel S is fitted upon shaft S¹ carried by brackets upon cross head H'.
The wheel S is rotated by chain from fly wheel of motor, or in any other convenient
manner.
A steering wheel T is shewn, actuated from hand wheel T¹ worked by operator
from platform R.
In Figures 14 and 15 I show how a vehicle in accordance with this invention
may be driven by manual labor, aided by mechanical apparatus, U is a cross bar
against which the man presses, while at the same time he turns with his hands the

page_text: cranked shaft V, which cranked shaft bears at its outer ends pulleys or drums W
around which pass bands or chains which cause to revolve the wheel S the teeth S
of which take into the teeth B¹ upon the inner surface of wheel B as described with
reference to Figure 13.
These carts or vehicles are particularly advantageous for transporting heavy
loads, such as Timber, Ordnance, Ammunition, Merchandise, and the like, over
billy, rough, or uneven ground; and over sandy and swampy places. The broad
surface of the carrying wheel B effectually prevents all likelihood of same becoming
fast in ruts, or embedded in soft soil; an inconvenience constantly experienced in
the transport of goods over rough or heavy ground upon carts or other vehicles of
the ordinary construction.
For the conveyance of ordnance; ammunition, and stores, across sandy deserts,
or over mountains, vehicles constructed in accordance with this invention will
be found of especial utility, the movements of an army being greatly facilitated
by their use.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
1. In Carts or Vehicles the cylinder or wheel B of the forms described and shewn,
and provided with grooves or rails C upon the inner surface; substantially as, and
for the purposes set forth.
2. The inner ring or framework E provided with rollers D substantially as, and
for the purposes set forth.
3. The modes and means described of suspending the cart or body A within the
cylinder or wheel B; substantially as set forth.
4. The combination of the cylinder or wheel B with the body of the cart or
carriage A together with the modes and means described for communicating motion
to the cylinder or wheel B whether that be a simple rotary motion or combined
with what I have termed a vermicular motion, or the latter alone, and whether the
whole structure be driven by manual, animal, or other power; all constructed,
arranged, and acting substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the
accompanying drawings, together with any mere modification or modifications
thereof.