IMPROVEMENTS IN WHEELS FOR WHEELED VEHICLES to be as follows:
Year: 1885

page_text: I ARTHUR PAGET of Loughborough in the County of Leicester Engineer and
Machine Maker do hereby declare the nature of my invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN WHEELS FOR WHEELED VEHICLES to be as follows:-
"
This Invention has for its object improvements in wheels for wheeled vehicles.
Most wheels of existing makes have the defect that they are sometimes almost
ready to break or at least are in a state of injurious strain by the compression of
the tyre before they are used. Also the strength of the spokes is in many wheels
only utilisable for compression. Also the felloes in most wheels are nearly cut
through by the spokes. Also, in many wheels the sections of the felloes are not
efficiently joined together so as to utilise their strength. Also the spokes in most
wheels are not fast to the nave either to resist a rotative strain or a strain tending
to pull them out of the nave.
Further in the wheels known as spider wheels the spokes are unable to resist
with efficiency any compressive strain and are very weak to resist any strain put
upon the wheel forcing the nave in a direction transverse to the plane of the wheel.
Also the wheel is subject to a very great initial strain-to begin with by the
tension of the spokes exerted against the nave and felloes. Also by the compressive
strain on the felloes. Further any rotative force given to the nave and resisted at
the tyre and felloes makes a very great addition to both these breaking strains, and
developes a strong tendency to buckle or crumple up the felloes and so cripple the
wheel as frequently happens with wheels of this class. Such wheels are also very
inelastic when exposed to strains on the felloes transverse to the plane of the wheel.
To remove these defects the wheel herein described is so constructed as to be
exposed to as little initial strain as possible; also so as to utilize as far as possible
the strength of the material in both the spokes and the felloes to resist extension
and compression and rotative strains and to give much strength combined with
elasticity in the direction of the plane of the wheel.
To effect this I join the spokes to the felloes by cramps made of tempered steel
plate or other hard material with chisel ends penetrating the wood and these
cramps are secured by rivets, or in some cases by screws.
I also secure the spokes to the nave by somewhat similar cramps with chisel ends
and with rivets or screws. The nave I form as a metal disc with recesses to
receive the cramps.

page_text: I also for most purposes secure the spokes alternately to opposite sides of the
plate or disc of steel or other hard and elastic metal forming the nave or a part
thereof.
In some cases I indurate the spoke ends before putting the wheel together; this
I do by pressure or in some cases by saturation with indurating material in
solution as shellac and naptha.
In some cases the spokes and felloes may be indurated and rendered impervious
to weather by extracting air from the pores of the wood and then forcing into
the pores spirit, naphtha and shellac or gum copal or other similar suitable material
or compound.
I prefer to make the felloes of wood steamed and bent to the required shape and
when I do so I connect them by a joint piece of tempered steel or other hard and
elastic material with chisel ends and secured by rivets or screws-such joint pieces
are so arranged as to tie the two adjacent ends of the felloes together both
longitudinally and transversely and at the same time to tie both ends securely to
the end of the spokes under the joint in the felloe.

page_text: I ARTHUR PAQET of Loughborough in the County of Leicester Engineer and
Machine Maker do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
This invention has for its object improvements in wheels for wheeled vehicles.
The first part which I will describe, relates to an improved method of joining
the spokes to the felloe or felloes by cramps made of tempered steel plate, or other
hard material, with chisel ends penetrating the wood, and these cramps are secured
by rivets or in some cases by screws.
This arrangement is shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3; Figure 1 being a general view
of part of a wheel; Figure 2 an enlarged view of part of the felloe, with a spoko
attached thereto; and Figure 3 is a section of the same-The spoke A is simply
fitted to the felloo A¹ with a "butt-joint," as shown, and secured to the same with
cramps A (Figures 2 and 3) mado of tempered steel plate, or other suitable hard
material-These cramps have chisel ends, bent at right angles, which penetrate the
wood of both the spoke and felloe, as shown. They are secured to the spoke, felloe,
and to one another by a rivet, as shown, or in some cases by screws or other suitable
fastenings. The second part which I will describe relates to an improved nave
or "hub," and the method of attaching the spokes thereto. This is shown attached
to the wheel in Figure 1, and enlarged in Figures 4 and 5; Figure 4 being a side
view of part of a nave with spoke-ends attached; and Figure 5 being a section of
the same. These views represent a wheel as adapted for an ordinary tricycle, the
flange B being left for the chain-wheel or any other attachment. From these
views it will be seen that the part of the nave B B, to which the spokes are
attached, is in the form of a metal disc, forming part of, or attached to, the box or
socket B¹. Upon either side of this disc there is a ring or hoop B2 upon which the
ends of the spokes A rest. For most purposes I secure the spokes alternately, to
opposite sides of the plate, or disc, with rivets or screws. In order to still further
secure the spokes to the nave, and to offer greater resistance to any radial strain,
towards the felloe, that may come upon the spokes, I use a cramp B³ with chisel-
end (shown in detail Figures 6 and 7) which it will be seen is somewhat similar to
the cramp shown by Figures 2 and 3 before described. The chisel-end of this
cramp is driven into the spoke, as shown at B Figure 5, the remaining portion, or
body of the cramp, being received in suitable recesses formed in the disc, behind
each spoke, as shown. A rivet or screw is passed through the disc, the cramp, and
the spoke, fastening the whole firmly together. Where a wheel is required which
shall have greater strength and less elasticity, in a direction transverse to the plane
of the wheel, this can be effected simply by increasing the distance, in a direction
transverse to the plane of the wheel, between the butt ends of the spokes on either
side of the disc.
The third part which I will describe is the method of indurating the spoke-ends
before putting the wheel together. This I do by pressure, or in some cases by
saturation with indurating material in solution, as shellac and naphtha.

page_text: To carry out the system of indurating by pressure I place the spokes in a suitable
strong box to prevent them from being bent by the subsequent operations. The
said box being slightly shorter than the whole length of the spokes, and open at
one end, so that one end of the spokes will slightly project from the box. I then
apply a strong pressure to the projecting ends of the spokes, either by means of a
lever, screw, or weight, as may be most convenient. The ends of the spokes will
thus be compressed and indurated.
To carry out the system of indurating by saturation, I place the spoke-ends in a
vessel containing a solution of shellac in naphtha, or similar suitable material, in
such a way that the ends of the spokes shall be buried in the solution, which will
then saturate the wood. The spokes are then removed from the aforesaid solution
and allowed to dry, when they will be found to be considerably indurated.
The fourth part which I will describe rolates to the method by which the spokes
and felloes may be indurated and rendered impervious to weather, by extracting
air from the pores of the wood, and then forcing into the pores spirit, naphtha and
shellac, or gum copal, or other similar suitable material, or compound.
To carry this into effect, I place the spokes and felloes in a suitable strong air-
tight box. I then extract the air from the box as completely as is convenient by a
suitable air-pump, or any other suitable well known method. This will cause the
air to exude or come out of, the pores of the wood, and it is advisable after a few
hours to further extract from the box the air which has exuded from the wood into
it, and it may in some cases be desirable to repeat this process. When the air is
Bufficiently extracted from the pores of the wood I then run into the box a solution
of shellac, or gum copal, or similar suitable material in spirit, naphtha or other
similar suitable material, and this solution is then forced into the pores of the wood
by the pressure of the air, or by a suitable pump, or by the pressure of steam as
may be most convenient.
The fifth part which I will describe is the method which I adopt for connecting
the ends of the felloe or felloes. This arrangement is shewn in elevation and
section in Figures 8 and 9; from which it will be seen that A¹ is the felloe, A the
spoke and A³ the india-rubber tyre. I simply "butt-joint" the two ends of the
felloe over the centre of one of the spokes, as shown, these ends are cramped together
by a pair of joint-plates C made of tempered steel-plate or other suitable material,
having chisel-ends bent at right angles to the plate (shewn at C¹, C³, C², and C³)
which are driven into the spoke and felloe, as shown. These plates are held
together by the rivets C, C, C, C4, C4, or screws, and the joint between the ends
of the felloe, or felloes, and the end of the spoke is thereby made firm and complete,
without materially weakening either felloe or spoke. Thus it will be seen that these
joint-plates effectually tie the two adjacent ends of the felloes together, both longi-
tudinally and transversely, and at the same time tie both ends securely to the end
of the spoke under the said joint.
From the foregoing description it will be seen that a wheel constructed upon this
principle, has the advantage of the full strength of the whole section of both spoke
and felloe at all the joints, thereby facilitating the construction of an exceedingly
light wheel of great strength and elasticity, in a direction transverse to the plane of
the wheel, each portion of which in its normal position is entirely free from those
injurious internal sources of weakness to which other wheels are subjected, by
strains created during their construction and remaining in force until the wheel is
broken or crippled. This freedom from internal strain in the wheel herein before
described enables the whole strength of the wheel to be utilized in resisting all
'strains that may come upon it.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I desire it to be
understood that I do not confine myself to the exact details herein set forth, as such

page_text: may be varied, or modified, without departing from the principle thereof, but what
I claim as my improvements in wheels for wheeled vehicles are:-
1st The method of joining the spokes to the felloes by cramps made of tempered
steel plate, or other hard material, with chisel-ends penetrating the wood which
cramps are secured by rivets, or, in some cases by screws; substantially as herein
described, with reference to Figures 1, 2 and 3.
2nd The method of securing the spokes to the nave by somewhat similar cramps
with chisel-ends and with rivets or screws. The nave being formed as a metal
disc with recesses to receive the cramps. The spokes for most purposes being
secured alternately to opposite sides of the plate or disc of steel or other hard and
elastic metal forming the nave or a part thereof; substantially as herein described,
with referenco to Figures 1, 4 and 5.
3rd The method of indurating the spoke-ends before putting the wheel together,
by pressure, or in some cases by saturation, with indurating material in solution as
shellac and naptha; substantially as herein described.
4th The method by which the spokes and felloes may be indurated, and rendered
impervious to weather, by extracting air from the pores of the wood and then
forcing into the pores spirit, naptha and shellac, or gum-copal, or other similar
suitable material or compound; substantially as herein described.
5th The method of connecting the ends of steamed felloes by a joint-piece of
tempered steel or other hard and clastic material with chisel-ends and secured by
rivets or screws, such joint-pieces being so arranged as to tie the two adjacent ends
of the felloes together both longitudinally and transversely and at the same time
to tie both ends securely to the end of the spokes under the joint in the felloe;
substantially as herein described with reference to Figures 8 and 9.
Dated: HAL
1
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