Year: 1888

page_text: We, WILLIAM AMBLER, Commission Agent, JEREMIAH RHODES, Organist, and
SAMUEL RHODES, Fine Art Dealer, all of Darley Street, Bradford in the County of
York, do hereby declare the nature of the said invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of glass bottles, and
consists in the manufacture thereof by the improved process hereinafter described.
In accordance with the invention, the glass is moulded by centrifugul agency into
the required form of bottle, in a mould which is adapted with automatically opening
and closing motions, and is attached to a revolving spindle which is adapted with a
friction roll, and is actuated by a revolving plate fast on a shaft working within a boss,
upon which the spindle is stepped, and which boss also revolves and carries with it
the said spindle and attached bottle mould. By such means the bottle mould while
rotating on its own spindle, is also carried round in a circular path for a complete
revolution, or for so long as is necessary to produce the bottle, which is effected by the
motion thus given to the said parts causing the molten glass inserted into the mould,
to be spread in even thickness about the interior of the mould.
The mould is adapted with a sliding funnel or equivalent means, by which sufficient
molten metal to form the desired bottle may be poured thereinto after which the
machine is set in operation and is effective in its operation in the manner hereinbefore
referred to. The said parts and relative speed of rotation thereof may be so arranged
as that the formation of the bottles may be completed in say one complete turn of the
driving plate, or the machine may be constructed with opposite moulds so as to make
a bottle in each half revolution of the driving plate, the complete bottle being
discharged at the lower part of the machine.

page_text: improvements in the Manufacture of Glass Bottles.
We, WILLIAM AMBLER, Commision Agent, JEREMIAH RHODES, organist, and
SAMUEL RHODES, Fine Art Dealer, all of Darley Street, Bradford, in the County of
York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in or applicable to the manufacture
of glass bottles, and consists essentially in moulding molten glass by centrifugal agency
caused to operate circumferentially around the axis of the bottle preferably in a
horizontal plane and also endwise thereof in a plane at right angles to that of its
firstly referred to movement of rotation, in distributing the metal about the bottom,
body, shoulder and neck of the bottle, into the required form of bottle in a corre-
spondingly formed mould adapted or combined with automatically opening and closing
motions allowing of the molten glass being inserted thereinto, of its being enclosed-
during the formation of the bottle and of the formed bottle falling or being withdrawn
therefrom, and with automatically operated means for rotating it about its axis for as
long as may be required to distribute the molten glass (dropped into and onto the
bottom of the mould while open and stationary) circumferentially and evenly within
the same so as also to form the side or body part and shoulder of the bottle, and also
with automatically operated means for simultaneously or during a portion of such
time rotating it end wise of its axis, or in a direction in which its axis will radiate in a
plane at right angles to that of its movement of rotation around its axis causing it to
be carried round (whilst still rotating as aforesaid around its axis) for as long as may
be required to distribute the metal into and around the neck of the mould so as to form
such part of the bottle, these motions or such of them as may be necessary being
continued until the glass has sufficiently cooled, hardened or set as to allow of the
bottle falling or being removed from the mould without liability of injury to its form,
the molten glass inserted into the mould being thus caused by such combined motions
iniparted thereto to be distributed within all parts of the mould and to be formed into
a bottle of the form thereof.
On the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a side elevation of an arrangement of apparatus embodying the said
Invention.
Fig. 2. is a front elevation of part of such apparatus.
Fig. 3. is an end view of means of imparting a differential speed of rotation to the
mould in a horizontal plane. Fig. 4. is an end view of means of intermittently
actuating the mould in a vertical plane.
Figs. 5, and, 7, are sectional elevations of ladles by means of which the molten glass
may he placed in the mould, the ladles being represented as closed.
Figs. 6, and, 8, are sectional elevations of Figs. 5, and, 7, respectively representing
the ladles opened.

page_text: 4, represents the mould which is formed of cast iron or other suitable metal in
bottom and top parts, 4, 5, the former of which is cylindrical or of the required internal
form and dimensions of those of the exterior of the body part and bottom of the
bottle, 6, and the latter of which is made in half parts of the required internal form
and dimensions of those of the exterior of the shoulder and neck parts of the
bottle, the mouth part of the bottle being also formed by such half parts, 5, of
the mould acting conjointly with a suitably shaped removable plug, 7, the operation of
which is hereinafter described. .
The parts, 5, of the mould are hinged to the part, 4, thereof, as at, 8, and are also
linked, as at, 9, to a collar, 10, surrounding the mould, 4, and operated as hereinafter
described, the operation thereof being effective in causing the parts, 5, of the mould
to be opened (as indicated by the dotted lines at, a,) when the neck of the mould
occupies a downward direction to permit of the bottle falling thereout or being
removed from the mould, and to continue open until the neck of the mould is caused
to assume an upward direction, vide the dotted lines at, b, so as to permit of sufficient
of the molten glass to form the desired. bottle being inserted by the ladles hereinafter
described or in any other suitable manner into the mould onto the bottom thereof,
immediately after which the mould is successively and automatically closed, clamped,
rotated about its axis and also end wise thereof as and as long as aforesaid; the neck of
the mould again occupying a downward direction at the completion of the operation
and being then again opened to release the formed bottle, and so on.
The mould, 4, is screwed on or otherwise firmly secured to a spindle, 11, which is
supported by a bracket, 12, bolted as at, 13, to a carrying plate, 14, projecting from or
secured to a head, 15, keyed on a tubular shaft, 16, which is supported in bearings, 17,
bolted to the framing, 18, of the machine and is intermittently operated as hereinafter
described for causing the rotation of the mould in a vertical plane.
The spindle, 11, is also fitted with a friction pulley, 19, keyed thereon and which is
intermittently rotated in such a manner as to cause the aforesaid rotation of the mould
about its axis in a horizontal plane by a friction dise, 20, fast on a shaft, 21, working
within the shaft, 16. The shaft, 21, is differentially rotated from the motor shaft, 22,
by means of a friction wheel, 23, keyed on the latter with facility of sliding endwise
thereon, engaging with a friction disc, 24, keyed on the shaft, 21. The shaft, 22, is
supported in brackets, 25, and is operated at the required speed by a belt passing
round a pulley, 20, fast thereon. The reciprocating end way movement of the friction
wheel, 23, along the shaft, 22, is caused by means of a lever, 59, vide Fig. 3, which is
centred at, GP, to the framing, 18, and is formed with a fork, 61, engaging with a
clutch groove, 62, with which the hub of the wheel, 23, is formed, the lever being
rocked by a shaft, 30, hereinafter referred to, by means of an excentric pin, 63, pro-
jecting from a hub, 64, keyed on such shaft. The object of causing the mould to
receive a differential speed of rotation is that while the body of the bottle is being
formed when the molten glass has to be distributed over a greater area,
be
more quickly rotated, and that when, upon the mould being inverted, part of the
molten glass descends into the neck thereof, and whilst forming the neck of the bottle,
and whilst the mould is being kept rotating during the setting of the glass and com-
pletion of the formation of the bottle, the mould may be more and more slowly rotated,
as the continuation of the rotation is then only required to prevent the soft glass from
collapsing.
it
may
The friction wheel, 23, and disc, 24, are intermittently put into and out of gear by
means of a lever, 27, centred at, 28, and operated by a cam, 29, keyed on the shaft, 30,
to which a continuous slow motion is imparted by a worm wheel, 31, keyed thereon,
and actuated by a worm, 32, on a shaft, 33, on which is keyed a pulley, 34, which is
actuated by a connecting strap, 35, from a pulley, 36, on the shaft, 22.
The shaft, 16, is intermittently rotated (comparatively slowly relatively to the speed
of rotation of the mould around its axis) by means of a continuously toothed wheel, 37,
keyed on the shaft, 30, and an interruptedly toothed wheel, 38, keyed on the shaft, 16,
such wheels being respectively formed or fitted with a locking rim, 39, and with one
or more locking plates, 40, vide Fig. 4. The locking rim, 39, is recessed at, 65, to

page_text: permit of the rotation of the locking plates, 40, when required, and is also formed with
one or more projecting teeth, 41, which, as the wheel, 37, rotates, by striking the
locking plate, 40, at the moment it is unlocked by the rim, 39, causes the engagement
of the toothed portion of the wheel, 38, with the toothed rim of the wheel, 37, by which
the shaft, 16, is thus rotated until the following locking plate, 40, is locked by the
rim, 39.
By the rotation thus imparted to the shaft, 16, (to which, as aforesaid, the plate, 14,
carrying the mould is made fast) the mould is reversed in position which causes the
molten glass to enter the neck thereof while still rotating about its axis and to form the
neck of the bottle. As represented on the annexed drawings, the said locking
plates, 40, rim, 39, gearing, 37, 38, teeth, 41, and recesses, 65, are so arranged as to
impart one half a revolution to the plate, 14, and mould, but they may be so arranged
as to give one and a half, two and a half or more revolutions thereto. It is preferred,
but not essential, that the mould should finish its rotation at the half of one or more
revolutions as the mould when pointing downwards and when opened offers facilities
for the bottle falling into an appropriately shaped and suitably supported cup. 66, vide
Fig. 1. from which it is removed by an attendant to the annealing kiln.
The aforesaid operations of opening and closing the mould to admit respectively
of the molten glass being inserted into the mould while its open nock-parts, 5, are
pointing upwardly, and of the formed bottle falling thereout or being removed there-
from while its open neck parts are pointing downwardly, and of enclosing the molten
glass during the formation of the bottle are effected by means of the links, 9, and
collar, 10, the latter of which is operated by a spur, 42, on a sleeve, 43, sliding on a
rod, 44, and is actuated in closing the jaws of the mould by a spring, 45, bearing
against a slide-bar, 46, which carries the rod, 44, and slides on an extension of the
plate, 14.
•
The movements of the slide bar, 46, are caused to be effected as the plate, 14, is
rotated about the axis of the shaft, 16, by means of a pin, 47, projecting from the
bar, 46, and engaging with a cam groove, 48, in a plate, 50, and such movements are
caused to be effective in clamping and releasing the jaws of the mould as and at the
times required by means of an arm, 51, carrying a clamping ring, 52, such arm being
centred on a pin, 53, carried by the slide bar, 46, and keyed to a pinion, 54, which is
caused to be partially rotated during the movement of the slide piece by means of a
racked slide bar, 55, carried by the bar, 46, and moved end wise, by a pin, 56, thereof
entering a cam slot, 57, in a laterally projecting bracket, 58. Lateral movement is by
such means imparted to the clamping ring in order that it may be removed laterally
from above and from under the jaws when removed endways away therefrom so as to
permit of free access to the mould when open for the purposes aforesaid.
Similar end way and lateral movements are imparted to the plug, 7, which is
caused to be inserted into the neck of the mould immediately the clamping ring
has been lowered thereabout, and to be removed therefrom immediately before the
clamping ring is removed, and such motions are effected by similar means, 46*,
47, 48, 51, 53, 54, 55, 56×, and, 57x, to those hereinbefore described with
reference to the clamping ring.
As the plug is lowered into the neck of the closed and clamped mould con-
taining the molten glass it closes the aperture of the neck thereof, its rotation
around its axis then commences the succeeding operations automatically following
as hereinbefore described.
69, represents a pawl carried by the cam plate, 50, and engaging with a notch, 70,
formed on the rim, 71, of a toothed wheel, 68, which revolves around the shaft, 16,
and is driven from the shaft, 30, by a toothed wheel, 67, and, 72, represents a
like pawl carried by the head, 15, fast on the shaft, 16, and engaging with a
notch, 73, formed in the hub, 74. of the plate, 50, which also can revolve around
the shaft, 16. At the time herein before referred to, when the mould carrying
plate, 14, is actuated by the rotation of the shaft, 16, the catch, 72, causes the
cam plate, 50, to be carried round the pawl, 69, sliding over the rim, 71, of the
wheel, 68. The plate, 14, travels more quickly than the wheel, 68, consequently

page_text: when the plate, 14, has completed its rotation, the cam plate, 50, remains stationary
until the pawl, 69, is again engaged.
Such an arrangement of apparatus may be duplicated to any required extent, in
which case a series of moulds and their necessary attachments may be arranged
side by side and actuated by a common cross shaft. Or two or more of the moulds
may be arranged on one carrying plate so that as one mould is filled and goes
into operation the other rises empty and ready to go into operation.
At each operation of filling the mould the required amount of molten glass to
form the intended bottle is placed in the mould by means of ladles, 80, vide
Figs. 5, to, 8, made of the required capacity, and which may be made of a
cylindrical or other suitable form and are fitted with removable or opening bottoms
or lower parts, 75, which are normally and automatically kept closed but can be
opened by hand for permitting of the molten glass being dropped into the mould.
In the modifications represented, the ladle, 80, is connected to the front end of a
rod, 76, which passes through a tube, 77, and is formed as a handle, 78, at the
rear end, and the said bottom or lower part, 75, of the ladle is connected to the
tube, 77, by which the device may be held. The rod, 76, is encircled between
the handle, 78, and the adjacent end of the tubo, 77, by a helical spring, 79, the
tendency of which is to keep the ladle closed, vide Figs. 4, and, 7. The molten
glass may, however, be placed in the mould by any other suitable means.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said Inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is,
1. The method of manufacturing glass bottles, consisting in moulding molten
glass by centrifugal force in a mould of the required form to which rotary motion
is imparted around its axis and to which a circular motion in a direction in which
its axis will radiate is simultaneously imparted.
2. As a new article of manufacture, a glass bottle moulded by centrifugal force
from molten glass in a mould to which rotary motion is imparted around its axis
and to which a circular motion in a direction in which its axis will radiate is
simultaneously imparted.
3. In apparatus for moulding glass bottles from molten glass by centrifugal
force, in combination, an opening and closing mould, means for automatically
opening, closing, clamping and stopping the mould, means for automatically rotating
the mould about its axis and means for automatically rotating the mould in a path
in which its axis will radiate.
4. In apparatus for moulding glass bottles from molten glass by centrifugal force, in
combination, an opening and closing mould and means for automatically opening,
closing, clamping and stopping the mould.
5. In apparatus for moulding glass bottles from molten glass by centrifugal force,
a mould constructed and operating substantially as set forth.
6. In combination with the hinged parts, 5, of the mould, the links, 9, collar, 10,
clutch, 43, rod, 44, spring, 45, slide bar, 46, guide plate, 14, pin, 47, and grooved cam
plates, 48, 50, operating to open and close the mould. as set forth.
7. In combination with the hinged parts, 5, of the mould, the clamping ring, 52,
arm, 51, pin, 53, pinion, 54. racked slide bar, 55, pin, 56, slotted bracket, 57, slide
bar, 46, guide plate, 14, pin, 47, and grooved cam-plate, 48, 50, operating to clamp
and release the mould, as set forth.
8. In combination with the hinged parts, 5, of the mould, the plug, 7, arm, 51*,
pin, 53x, pinion, 54*, racked slide bar, 55*, pin, 56*, slotted bracket, 57*, slide bar, 46×,
guide plate, 14, pin, 47x, and grooved cam plates, 48×, 50, operating to close the
mouth of the mould, as set forth.
9. In combination with the mould, 4, the supported spindle, 11, friction wheel, 19,
friction disc, 20, shaft, 21, friction disc, 24, friction wheel, 23, lever, 27, and cam, 29,
operating to put the friction disc, 24, and wheel, 23, intermittently into and out of
frictional contact, lover, 9, and excentric pin, 63, operating to cause disc, 24, to

page_text: receive a differential speed of rotation from the wheel, 23, the whole operating to
intermittently rotate the mould around its axis, as set forth.
10. In combination with the mould, 4, the spindle, 11, bracket, 12, plate, 14,
head, 15, shaft, 16, gearing, 38, 37, with the locking riu, 39, lock plates, 40, pro-.
jecting teeth, 41, operating to intermittently carry around the rotating mould in a
direction in which its axis will radiate, as set forth.
11. In combination, the shaft, 16, head, 15, pawl, 72, cam, 74, 50, pawl, 69, and
gearing, 67, 68, operating to intermittently rotate the cam plate.
12. The ladles, 80, in combination with the removable or opening bottoms or lower
parts, 75, and with the spring, 79, automatically tending to keep the ladles normally
closed.
Dated this 5th dow of Draamber 1800
DAY, DAVIES & HUNT,
321, High Holborn, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicants.