IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR BREAKING AND SOFTENING FLAX AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO CALENDERING ROLLERS AND OTHER PURPOSES WHERE A COMBINED RECIPRO- CATING ROTARY MOTION CAN BE EMPLOYED.
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Robert Hay Fisken, of 2, Hanover
Place, Leeds, in the County of York, Engineer, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR BREAKING AND SOFTENING FLAX
AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE
TO CALENDERING ROLLERS AND OTHER PURPOSES WHERE A COMBINED RECIPRO-
CATING ROTARY MOTION CAN BE EMPLOYED.'
F
"."
Sealed the 12th July 1870, and dated the 15th January 1870..
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Robert Hay.
་་
-
.
Fisken at, the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his..
Petition, on the 15th January 1870.
SOFTENING
I, THOMAS ROBERT HAY FISKEN, of 2, Hanover Pláce, Leeds, in the
County of York, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the 'said,
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR BREAKING AND
FLAX AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE
TO CALENDERING ROLLERS AND OTHER PURPOSES WHERE A COMBINED RECIPROCATING
ROTARY MOTION CAN BE EMPLOYED," to be as follows:-
In machinery for breaking and softening flax and other fibrous
materials a certain movement is given to the rollers employed, causing
:

page_text: them to reciprocate backward and forward, and to rotate farther in one
direction than in the other. Various mechanical arrangements for
effecting this movement are well known and in general use.
My Invention relates to new and improved machinery for effecting
this movement.
The construction of the improved machinery is as follows:-On the
shaft to which I wish to impart the reciprocating rotary motion I mount
loosely a wheel, and on each side of this wheel I mount a pinion, the
one fast and the other loose, or the pinions can be mounted both on one
side; into these pinions gear other pinions fixed upon a shaft held in the
arm of the loose wheel; this shaft is carried with its pinions round the
pinions that are placed on the same shaft as the first-mentioned wheel,
making a sun-and-planet movement round the same. The loose pinion
on the first-mentioned shaft has a greater number of teeth than the
pinion with which it engages placed loosely on the shaft held in the arm
of the loose wheel. The other pair also in gear with cach other have an
equal number of teeth. The sun-and-planet movement can be either.
external or internal, as in individual cases will be found most con-
venient, and the pinions can be bevilled and placed one on each side of
the wheel, and connected by a pinion or pinions mounted in the bosom
of the wheel, one of the bevilled pinions that is placed on each side of
the wheel having a greater number of teeth than the other. Upon the
shaft of the wheel or pinion which gives motion to the wheel upon the
reciprocating shaft I mount'a crank or an eccentric, the connecting rod
of which takes hold of a stud fixed in the side of the pinion that is
mounted outermost and loosely upon the reciprocating shaft, thereby
giving a backward and forward or rocking motion to the same. This
motion being conveyed through the train of pinions that form the sun-
and-planet motion gives to the innermost pinion which is fixed upon the
shaft a reciprocating motion, whilst the onward rotating motion is given
by the difference, in the number of the teeth of the pinions, that is to
say, for each round of the wheel mounted loosely. on the reciprocating
shaft that shaft is moved in one direction the distance that the number
of teeth in the pinions differ from one another.
f

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Thomas Robert Hay Fisken in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 15th July 1870.
· TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMA'S
ROBERT HAY FISKEN, of 2, Hanover Place, Leeds, in the County of
York, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of January, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-
third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Thomas Robert Hay Fisken, Hor special
licence that I, the said Thomas Robert Hay Fisken, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Thomas Robert
Hay Fisken, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR BREAKING AND SOFTENING FLAX AND
OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO
CALENDERING ROLLERS AND OTHER PURPOSES WHERE A COMBINED' RECIPROCATING
ROTARY MOTION CAN BE EMPLOYED," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Thomas Robert Hay Fisken, my executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and scals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Scal Patent Office*
within six calendar months next and iínmediately after tlie date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Robert Hay Fisken, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed; to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement in writing, and on reference being
had to the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, that is to say: - .
In machinery for breaking and softening flax and other fibrous
materials a certain movement is given to the rollers employed, causing
them to reciprocate backwards and forward's, and to rotate farther in

page_text: one direction than in the other. Various mechanical arrangements for
effecting this movement are well known and in general use.
My Invention relates to new and improved machinery for effecting
this movement, the construction of which is as follows:-On the shaft
to which I wish to impart the reciprocating rotary motion I mount
loosely a wheel, and on each side of this wheel I-mount a pinion, the
one fast and the other loose (or the pinions-can be mounted both on one
side); into these pinions gear other pinions fixed upon a shaft held in
the arm of the loose wheel; this shaft is carried with its pinions round
the pinions that are placed on the same shaft as the first-mentioned
wheel, making a "sun-and-planet" movement round the same. The
loose pinion on the first-mentioned shaft has a greater number of teeth
than the pinion with which it engages placed loosely on the shaft held
in the arm of the. loose wheel. The other pair also in gear with cach
other have an equal number of teeth. The "sun-and-planet". move-
ment can be either external or internal, as in individual cases will be
found most convenient, and the pinions can be bevilled and placed one
on each side of the wheel, and connected by a pinion or pinions mounted
in the bosom of the wheel, one of the bevilled pinions that is placed on
each side of the wheel having a greater number of teeth than the other.
Upon the shaft of the wheel or pinion which gives motion to the wheel
upon the reciprocating shaft I mount a crank or an eccentric, the con-
necting rod of which takes hold of a stud fixed in the side of the pinion
that is mounted outermost and loosely on the reciprocating shaft,
thereby giving a backward and forward or rocking motion to the same.
This motion being conveyed through the train of pinions that form. the
sun-and-planet" motion gives to the innermost pinion which is fixed
upon the shaft a reciprocating motion, whilst the onward rotating
motion is given by the difference in the number of the teeth of the
pinions, that is to say, for each round of the wheel mounted loosely on
the reciprocating shaft that shaft is moved in one direction the distance
that the number of teeth in the pinions differ from one another.
Such being the nature and object of my said Invention for "Improve-
ments in Machinery for Breaking and Softening Flax and other Fibrous
Materials, which Improvements are also applicable to Calendering
Rollers and other Purposes where a Combined Reciprocating. Rotary
Motion can be employed," I will now proceed to describe more in
detail the manner in which the same is to be or may be performed or

page_text: carried into practical effect; and in order that the same may, be
distinctly understood I have annexed hereunto a Sheet of Drawings.
illustrative thereof, and have marked the same with figures and letters
of reference corresponding with. those in the following explanation
thercof, that is to say :-
On the accompanying Sheet of Drawings Figure 1 represents a side
elevation, Figure 2 a front elevation, and Figure 3 a plan of the
improved machine or apparatus constructed according to the present
Invention.
:
t:
a is a wheel mounted loosely on the shaft b, to which the reciprocating
rotary motion is to be given; d is a pinion mounted loosely upon, and c
is another pinion fixed upon the same shaft; e and fare pinions
mounted loosely upon a stud e¹ fixed in the wheel a, and which gear
into the pinions c and d. The pinion d has a greater number of teeth
in it than the pinion f, while the pinions e and c have the same number.
g, Figures 1 and 2, is a wheel or pinion. which gears into the wheel, a,
and gives motion to the same; the wheel g. is fixed upon the shaft h,
which shaft is driven by the pulley i; k is a stud fixed in the boss of the
wheel g; is a connecting rod which takes hold of the stud" and of
the stud m, which latter is fixed in a short lever fixed to the loose
pinion'd; the stud.m is fixed at a greater distance' from 'the centre of
the pinion & than the stud k is from the centre of the pinion or wheel g;
n, n, is the frame of the machine; o are springs which keep the upper-
roller p close to the roller q, so that the material may be equally broken..
There is a feed board on the side », and a delivery board upon the side 8:
(Figure 1).
The action of the machine is as follows:-A belt or prime mover
gives motion to the pulley i, this gives motion to the wheel or pinion g,
which in its turn gives motion to the wheel a mounted loosely upon the
shaft b, which is also the shaft of the roller q, but while the wheel g
gives motion to the wheel a it also gives motion to the crank or eccentric
stud k, this gives a backward and forward motion to the connecting
rod 7, which latter imparts a rocking motion to the loose pinion d
through the short lever t fixed to the pinion d; the pinion d gives a
rocking motion to the pinion f, but the pinion f is fast to the piñion e,
they therefore have both the same motion; the pinion e gives a rocking
motion to the pinion c which is fast on the shaft b, the shaft 6 there-
fore has a rocking motion, and the roller q being fast upon the shaft b

page_text: has also a rocking motion, the wheel a and the pinion d being mounted
loosely upon the shaft b; the shaft has freedom of rock both back-
ward' and' forward; but while the shaft b and the roller q have this
rocking motion the stud m (upon which the pinions e and faré mounted
loosely) being fixed in the arm or side of wheel a gives a sun-and-
planet" motion to: the pinions:e and fround the pinions c and.d; the
pinion d, has a greater number of teeth in it than the pinion f, the
pinions cand e having an equal number of teeth, and the pinions fande
being fast together for each round of the wheel a; by this "sun-and-
planet" motion the pinion c is moved forward as far as the number of
teeth in the pinion d outnumbers the teeth in the pinion f. Thus if the
pinion d'had 11 teeth and the "pinion f 10 teeth, the pinion c would be
moved in one direction for one round of the wheel' a one tooth, but while
this onward. motion takes place by the rocking motion of the pinion d
the pinion c has. also a rocking motion, and by the movement of the.
"sun-and-planet "has a reciprocating motion. It may here be mentioned
that the rollers p and q (also the roller i in Figure 5) are fluted, as the
rollers of flax breakers, are in general. In some individual; cases it will
be found.most convenient to obtain the desired movement or motion of
the roller shaft. by the application of internal gear.
"
An illustration of such modification is: given in Figures 4, 5, and 6 on
the accompanying Sheet of Drawings; these Figures are drawn to a
scale of about twice that of Figures 1, 2, and 3.
.
a is the shaft of the roller to which the reciprocating rotary motion is
desired to be imparted. Upon the shaft a is mounted loosely the 1
wheelf, upon the boss of which is cast or fixed the eccentric d (Figures
5 and 6), which also revolves freely, or is placed loosely on the shaft a;
bisa wheel mounted fast upon the shaft a, with internal teeth; c is a
wheel (not drawn in Figure 5) which is a section through the line A, B,
Figure 6, mounted loosely upon the eccentric d, called the internal
wheel, and which takes into the wheel b, having a less number of teeth
in it than the wheel b; e, Figures 4 and 5, is an arm cast on the boss of
the internal wheel c, to which is fixed one end of the connecting rod
by the: pink, the other, end taking hold of the stud (Figure 4) fixed
in the wheel; g, g, is a wheel mounted fast upon the motive shaft m,
and takes into the wheelf and gives motion to the same; i is the roller
which receives the reciprocating rotary motion.
The action of this internal motion is as follows:-The wheel being

page_text: carried round by the motion of the wheel 9 gives motion to the
eccentric d which carries the wheel c round the wheel b having the
teeth cast internally, and gives motion to the same by the difference of
teeth between the same, while the connecting rod by taking hold of
the arme gives to the wheel b a backward and forward or a reciprocating
motion, while the wheel c by the difference of teeth gives to it an onward
motion. The wheel 6 being fast upon the shaft & gives to it a recipro-
cating rotary motion, and the roller i being upon the same shaft also
receives a reciprocating rotary motion. The wheel c by the action of the
cccentric d has a 66
sun-and-planet” motion round the wheel b, but
internal. n is part of the frame of the machine.
Having now described the nature and object of my said Invention
for "Improvements in Machinery for Breaking and Softening Flax and
other Fibrous Materials, which Improvements are also applicable to
Calendering Rollers and other Purposes where a Combined Recipro-
cating Rotary Motion can be employed," together with the manner in
which the same is to be or may be performed or carried into practical
effect, I would remark in conclusion that I claim as my Invention, the
new and improved arrangement and construction of machinery or
apparatus whereby a combined reciprocating rotary motion is obtained
for the purpose of breaking and softening flax and other fibrous materials,
(and I also claim those improvements as being applicable to calendering
rollers and for other purposes where the combined reciprocating rotary
motion can be advantageously employed), substantially as herein-before
described and illustrated on the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, or
any equivalent modification thereof, and I would remark that I do not
confine myself to the precise shape or form of the various details shown
on the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, as the same may obviously be
varied as occasion may require without in the least departing from the '
principles of my Invention as herein-before set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Robert Hay Fisken, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of July, in
-the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.
THOMAS ROBERT HAY FISKEN. (L.S.)