Repairing and Forming the Surface of Roads and Strects.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 2nd Oct., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 21st June, 1889-Accepted, 27th July, 1889
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Repairing and Forming the Surface of Roads and Strects.
HENRY VINCENT WHITE, Civil Engineer and County Surveyor of the Queen's
County in Ireland, Address, Queens County Surveyors Office Portarlington Ireland,
I do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows :-
The materials used for the formation or repair of the road or street surface to
consist as at present of ordinary road metalling sufficiently tough to resist crushing,
and capable of resisting atmospheric disintegrating influences-the materials before
being used to be freed from all extraneous matter such as clay or dirt-then thoroughly
mixed and incorporated with clean sand or other hard granular particles and
Portland or other cement in such proportions with sufficient water to make on setting,
a solid impervious mass-otherwise any binding composition may be employed.
The metalling when mixed shall in a soft state be spread to a proper curve on
the clean road or road foundation as hereinafter to be described, and rammed
or pressed so as to make a solid crust-surface inequalities afterwards being filled.
If the binding material used admits of a sufficiently solid crust being formed,
this may be grouted in with any fluid or preparation, the road metalling being laid
dry before hand.
The depth or thickness of this crust need not be more than sufficient to bind the
materials together under the traffic, and also to distribute the pressure due to loaded
vehicles over sufficient area below to prevent subsidence thereby-Ordinarily with
Portland Cement Concrete this would be about 3 inches to 3 inches.
The surface of all existing roads can thus effectually be consolidated with a sinal!
thickness of material, also new roads in a good foundation provided the sheeting be
done as follows-
The metalling to be spread in rectangular bays or patches over the entire surface
thus intended to be prepared for traffic; the essential point being, that the surface to
receive the metalling shall; along and around the edges of such rectangles, and
immediately outside, be excavated or grooved in parallel lines; shallow trenches being
dug or made which shall be filled with similar metalling to the level of the surface
excavated; which filling in shall be bonded with, and raised to level of, the road
material spread above the width of these trenches would commonly vary from three
to about six inches-and the depth need not be greater than sufficient, to ensure
solidity and strength along the edges; bind the whole together; and prevent water
percolating from above to the underneath surface covered with the concrete
metalling.
One trench will evidently suffice to form the adjoining sides of any two bays or
rectangles, and these trenches when filled may further be described as forming webs
or solid flanges sunk between the original surface on which the metalling has been laid
binding in each bay the previous road foundation and new covering into one
consolidated impervious mass.
The transverse joints of the different bays at sufficient intervals of length or at each
length to be filled with any elastic or partially yielding substance to allow for the
effects of longitudinal expansion or contraction, or alteration of form external or
internal.
The rectangular patches or bays, thus formed into solid blocks may be of any suitable
dimensions suggested generally to be either the half or the whole width of the road
intended to be formed-and the lengths to vary from about ten feet.

page_text: COMPLETE. SPECIFICATION.
Repairing and Forming the Surface of Roads and Streets.
I, HENRY VINCENT WHITE of Queens County Surveyors Office, Portarlington,
Ireland, Civil Engineer and County Surveyor; do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same. is to be performed; to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement.:-
The materials used for the formation or repair of the road, or street surface, may
consist of ordinary road metalling sufficiently tough to resist crushing and capable of
resisting atmospheric influence These materials before being used to be freed from
all extraneous matter such as clay, or dirt, then thoroughly mixed and incorporated
with clean sand or other hard granular particles, and Portland or other cement in
such proportions and with sufficient water to make on setting a solid impervious mass―
Otherwise any binding composition may be employed, or any materials may be used
capable of making a firm road surface.
This metalling when mixed is spread in a soft state to a proper curve on the
clean road, or road foundation, in the manner presently described, and rammed or
pressed so as to make a solid crust. If the binding material used admits of a
sufficiently solid crust being formed this may be grouted in with any fluid or
preparation capable of adhering to the motalling and forming therewith a hard
surface.
The depth or thickness of this crust need not be more than sufficient.
(a) to bind the materials together under the traffic.
(b) to distribute the pressure due to loaded vehicles over sufficient area to prevent´
injurious vibration or subsidence.
Ordinarily this would vary with Portland Cement as a binding material from about
two inches thick the surface of all existing public roads can thus effectually be con-
solidated with a small thickness of material provided the crust be executed as follows-
I propose to spread the metalling in rectangular bays or patches over the surface
intended to be prepared for the traffic (otherwise in any suitable geometric figures).
The outer edges of these bay's being excavated or grooved-shallow trenches being
made underneath filled with similar metalling which when consolidated makes a
strong connected web, or flange extending below the surface and surrounding each
bay.
The width of these trenches varies from three to six inches or thereabouts the depth
need not be greater than sufficient to ensure rigidity, and strength.and prevent water
percolating underneath.
Each bay may be conveniently made separately in simple moulds or rectangular
frames, capable of being readily taken asunder, these moulds being removed according
as the inner surface becomes pretty firm, and fixed further on as the work proceeds
to form a new portion-the flanges of completed bays may conveniently serve as
framing for moulding intermediates--the trenches being made sufficiently wide for
the double flanges in contact.
The rectangular patches thus formed may be of any, suitable dimensions, nine feet
long by six feet wide is considered convenient.
Should the road. surface be of a solid character-two inches of Portland Cement
metalling in patches this size, will sustain very heavy traffic, but if the road surface
be of a weak yielding character-to enable the bays of such large area to sustain the
same traffic at the same thickness they must be further subdivided by similar trenches
at right angles or otherwise suitably arranged geometrically which when filled form
additional webs underneath the crust or sheeting and thus to any extent the surface
can be stiffened.
It will be obvious that the essential feature of my invention consists in subdividing
the surface, ofthe-road intended to be covered' with the hard solid-metalling, into
any simple geométřic figures along which narrow trenches or grooves are excavated
which are filled with the solid metalling forming ribs of stiffness, strength, and

page_text: consolidation which bind with and become part of the solid compressed metalling
spread to receive the traffic.
Having thus described and ascertained the nature of my said invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed declare that what I claim is
1st. In making, forming, or repairing roads, or streets the method of covering or
consolidating the surface with a sheeting, or crust of suitably prepared metalling in
the manner substantially as herein described.
2nd. In making, forming, and repairing roads, and streets, the method as herein
described of producing a hard, consolidated and endurable surface to carry the ordinary
traffic substantially as herein specified and set forth.
D
101
1000
J. K. FAHIE & SON,
9, Westland Row, Dublin, Agents for Applicant.