IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Ward Holroyd, of Halifax, in the County of York,
Manufacturer, and Samuel Smith, of Shipley, near Bradford, in the said
County, Overlooker, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR
WEAVING."
Sealed the 1st April 1858, and dated the 16th October 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Ward Holroyd and Samuel
Smith at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 16th October 1857.
We, WARD HOLROYD, of Halifax, in the County of York, Manufacturer,
and SAMUEL SMITH, of Shipley, near Bradford, in the said County, Overlooker,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
The improvements have for their object the giving motion to shuttle boxes
where series of them are used, especially such as are of the rotary character,
in such manner that any shuttle compartment of the series may be brought
into a line with the lay when desired to change shuttles. For this purpose we
apply at the end of the loom a jacquard apparatus, the cards of which act
upon needles or wires to select levers and bring them into position, or take
them out of position, for operating upon the series of boxes; one or more of the
levers being brought into position according as a change is desired from one
compartment to the next, or the second or third, &c., of the series. Sometimes
we effect the change by double notched levers capable of acting for the space
of two, compartments, aided by single ones for one or more than two compart-
ments; and sometimes each lever acts for only one compartment, and one,
two, or more of them are brought into position to act according as a distance
equal to one, two, or more compartments is required.

page_text: The levers we prefer to form with spring or elastic ends, or with spring
connections. There are double sets of levers, one set to cause the boxes to
move in one direction, the other set to cause them to move in the opposite
direction. The catches of the levers we sometimes arrange to operate partly
by pulling and partly by pushing.
The jacquard apparatus is operated by preference from the tappet shaft,
and the apparatus may operate upon a series of boxes at one end of the lay
only, or there may be series of boxes at each end so operated, and the change
may be effected each pick or otherwise, as desired.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Ward Holroyd and Samuel Smith in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 15th April 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WARD
HOLROYD, of Halifax, in the County of York, Manufacturer, and SAMUEL
SMITH, of Shipley, near Bradford, in the said County, Overlooker, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twenty-first year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said Ward Holroyd and Samuel Smith, Her special licence, that we, the said
Ward Holroyd and Samuel Smith, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as we, the said Ward Holroyd and Samuel Smith, our execu-
tors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Ward Holroyd
and Samuel Smith, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under our or their hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one
of us or them, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Ward Holroyd and Samuel Smith, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the

page_text: same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, that is to say:-
The improvements have for their object the giving motion to shuttle boxes,
where series of them are used, especially such as are of the rotary character,
in such manner that any shuttle compartment of the series may be brought
into a line with the lay when desired to change shuttles. For this purpose we
apply at the end of the loom a jacquard apparatus, the cards of which act
upon needles or wires to select levers and bring them into position, or take
them out of position, for operating upon the series of boxes; one or more of
the levers being brought into position according as a change is desired from
one compartment to the next, or the second or third, &c., of the series. Some-
times we effect the change by double notched levers, capable of acting for the
space of two compartments, aided by single ones for one or more than two
compartments, and sometimes each lever acts for only one compartment, and
one, two, or more of them are brought into position to act according as a
distance equal to one, two, or more compartments is required. The levers we
prefer to form with spring or elastic ends, or with spring connections. There
are double sets of levers, one set to cause the boxes to move in one direction,
the other set to cause them to move in the opposite direction.
The jacquard apparatus is operated by preference from the tappet shaft,
and the apparatus may operate upon a series of boxes at one end of the lay
only, or there may be series of boxes at each end so operated, and the change
may be effected each pick or otherwise, as desired.
But that the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner we carry
the same into effect, may be fully understood, we will proceed to describe the
Drawings annexed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 shews an end view; Figure 2, part of a front view; and Figure 3,
part of a back view of parts of a loom with our improvements applied thereto;
other views show some of the parts separately. In each of the views similar
letters are used to indicate like parts wherever they occur. a, a, is the main
framing of the loom; b, the main or crank axis to which motion is given by a
strap or band from a steam engine or other suitable power acting upon a drum
or pulley affixed upon that shaft, as is well understood, and c is the cam or
tappet shaft receiving motion in the ordinary manner by tooth gear from the

page_text: to that now very generally used; e is the framing of the jacquard apparatus
and parts acting therewith according to our improvements; fis the jacquard
cylinder, and g, the pattern surfaces used therewith. These pattern surfaces
we, by preference, form of wood, though other material may be employed for
the purpose, and they are provided with pins or projections 9', where they are
to operate in bringing about the desired changes. These pins act upon the
hanging levers h, against which the horizontal wires i are borne by springs ¹;
and these wires i have eyes formed in them to act as guides or conductors to
'the suspending wires or needles j, in manner such as is well understood in
ordinary jacquard engines; motion to the wires i in one or other direction
serving to conduct the hooks at the upper ends of the needles j into position to
be taken or to be missed by the parts of the lifter k. These parts k¹ are capable
of sliding in the upper part of the lifter k, and are borne in a direction towards
the wire or needles ; by slight springs, by which a yielding to those pieces k¹
is permitted in case of the wires or needles ; being pushed too far against
them by the action of the pins g¹. The lifter k is controlled to move in a
vertical direction by its having side pieces , which pass into and are guided by
slots in the sides of the frame e, whilst the upward motion is given to the
lifter k by means of the short arm 1 from the axis l, which turns in the fixed
bearings e, and has affixed to it the arm 1, which is connected by the wire 13
to the lever, which turns upon the fixed
tappets affixed upon the tappet shaft c.
cylinder f to bring up a fresh pattern surface g at each rising of the lifter k by
means of the lever m, which turns upon a fixed stud m³, and has a slot formed
towards one end of it through which passes a pin m² projecting from one of
the side picces k² of the lifter k, whilst its other end carries by pin joint m³ the
lever m, which is formed at one end with a hook m* to take on to the star
wheel m³ fixed on the end of the barrel f. By this means, at each lifting of the
lifter k, the cylinder f is caused to bring up a fresh pattern surface g. When
from any defect in the weaving it may be found desirable to turn the work
back and put the weft in again, in order that the back motion of the cylinderf
may correspond with such back motion to the other parts of the loom, the
other end of the lever m is, by means of the wire me, connected to the lever n
which turns upon the fixed stud n', and by a pin joint n³ carries the jointed
piece n³, which when pressed on by the tappet n' on the axis c in such back
motion of the loom, is pressed against a stud m5 of that lever n, so as to cause
.that lever to turn on its centre of motion, whilst in the ordinary forward
motion of the loom the tappet n simply causes that jointed piece n³ to turn
The
upon its centre of motion n without giving motion to the lever. n.
stud 1, and is acted on by the
Motion is given to the barrel or

page_text: motion thus given to the lever n in the back motion of the loom, causes the
hooked end m* of the lever m' to be lifted out of the way of the wheel m³, and
the arm m also affixed to the lever m¹ to be brought into position to act upon
that wheel, and for the time to turn the jacquard cylinder f in the opposite
direction. The wires or needles ; are at ¹ turned backwards, so as to form
loops for connection with the wires o, and at such part they rest when not
lifted upon the edges of the guide holes formed in the plate e². The wires o
act simply as connecting links between the wires or needles j and the levers,
by which the desired extent of rotary motion is given to the series of shuttle
chambers. There are two sets of these levers, one for giving the necessary
motion in one direction, the other set for giving corresponding motions in the
opposite direction; one set we have marked with the letters p, q, r, the other
set with the letters p¹, q', r¹. The levers p and p¹ are each capable of
operating by their catches upon the projections upon the wheel p² to give
rotary motion thereto (but in opposite directions) a distance equal to that
from one tooth to the next. The levers and q¹ are capable of operating, to
give partial rotary motion to the wheel 92 (one in one direction, the other in
the other), and so as to cause such wheel to move a distance equal to that of
two of its projections or teeth. The lever r is formed with two studs (1), (2),
operating as catches or teeth to take on to the teeth of the wheel to give
rotary motion thereto a distance equal to three of its teeth, whilst the lever r¹
is formed with two similar pins to operate on the teeth of the wheel -³, to
cause it to move in the opposite direction to the motion given by the lever r.
The respective wheels p, q, r, r³, are affixed to an axis 7 carried by bearings
from the shuttle box d, as shown, and the axis has also affixed upon it the
pinion (shown by red lines in Fig. 1), the teeth of which take into the teeth
of a pinion r6 affixed upon the hollow shaft to which the shuttle box is affixed,
in order to give motion to the shuttle box, and as there are the same number
of teeth to each of the wheels p², q², r², ³, as there are shuttle chambers in the
series forming the rotary shuttle box, and the wheels 75, 76, have equal number
of teeth, any motions given to those wheels will produce corresponding motions
to the series of shuttle chambers. The selection for the respective levers
P, q, r, p, q,, takes place just before the batten is at the full extent of its
back motion, and the selection of the respective wire or needle j being made so
as to bring such needle or wirej into position to be lifted by the lifter k, such
lifter will in its rising lift the wire or needle j pushed into position for that
purpose, and by means of the wire o thereto attached, lift the required lever
p, q, or r, or p', q', or r¹, into position to act upon one of the wheels p³, q³, ²,
or 3, to give motion thereto for change of shuttle when the batten is moving

page_text: forwards for a beat up. In order to admit of a slight yielding to the levers
p, q, r, and p, q, r¹, we connect the wires o thereto by spring connections s, as
shown, or the levers themselves may be formed elastic at those parts. In
order to effect change of shuttle at each pick, we apply a sliding or other
shifting shuttle box at one end of the batten, and whilst the rotary box is
arranged to have motion given to it, if required, at each two picks, the shifting
box would have motion given to it at each two picks, but intermediately of the
motions given to the series of rotary boxes, and the picking apparatus will, in
such case, be arranged to vary the picking as desired. If other than rotary
shuttle boxes be used, the motion thereto by the means herein explained may
be given by the pinions taking into toothed racks on the boxes, or by other
suitable means.
Having thus described the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner we carry the same into effect, we would have it understood that we do
not confine ourselves to the precise details shown and described, so long as the
peculiar characteristics of our improvements be retained; but what we do
claim is,―
First, the arrangement and adaptation of parts, whereby the change from
one to the next, or from the first to the third or fourth of the series of boxes
or shuttle chambers in either direction may be effected in manner substan-
tially as explained.
Secondly, we claim the application to the end of the loom of jacquard
apparatus of the character in which needles or wires are employed for the
selection of apparatus to effect the desired change of shuttle chamber.
Thirdly, we claim the giving motion to jacquard apparatus for operating
shifting shuttle boxes from the cam or tappet shaft.
Fourthly, we claim the application of elastic connections, by which the
lifting wires operated by the jacquard apparatus are connected to the levers,
by which the respective movements are obtained.
In witness whereof, we, the said Ward Holroyd and Samuel Smith, have
hereunto set our hands and seals, this Thirteenth day of April, in the
year of our Lord One thousaud eight hundred and fifty-eight.
Witness,
WILLIAM SLINGSBY.
WARD HOLROYD. (L.S.)
SAMUEL SMITH. (L.S.)