IMPROVEMENTS IN KITCHEN RANGES
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Brown, of the Firm of Brown and Green,
of Luton, in the County of Bedford, Ironfounders, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN KITCHEN RANGES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Brown at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
November 1867.
I, FREDERICK BROWN, of the Firm of Brown and Green, of Luton, in the
County of Bedford, Ironfounders, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN KITCHEN RANGES," to be as follows:-
The Invention is more particularly applicable to what are known as close
fire ranges.
When the range is made with an oven on one side of the fire
and a boiler on the other, or with an oven on each side of the fire and a boiler
at the back, or when made without any boiler, I heat the oven or ovens by
two distinct flues from the fire. First, the top of the oven is heated by a flue
from the fire passing over it; this flue has an outlet into the chimney, and the
draught is regulated by a damper in the usual manner. Second, the bottom
back and side of the oven furthest from the fire are heated by a flue passing,
by preference, from the bottom of the fire or from the side of the fire close to
the bottom; this flue passes under the oven and rises at the back or side, or
both, and then up the same outlet to the chimney as the flue which passes
over the top of the oven; or it may have a separate outlet or outlets to the

page_text: chimney, and the draught may be regulated by an independent damper or
dampers. The side of the oven next the fire is heated in the ordinary manner
by its close proximity to the fire, and is protected as usual with a fire-brick or
iron shield to prevent its becoming over heated. When two or more ovens
are used, I heat those next the fire in the manner above described, and the
more distant ones by a continuation of the same flue, which passes over the top
of the first oven, and also by a continuation of the one which passes under
the bottom; or the most distant ovens may be heated by carrying the top flue
over and under in the ordinary manner. The boiler when placed at the
side of the fire may be heated in a similar manner.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Frederick Brown in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
25th May 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FREDERICK
BROWN, of the Firm of Brown and Green, of Luton, in the County of Bedford,
Ironfounders, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirty-first year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Frederick Brown, Her special licence that I, the said Frederick
Brown, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Frederick Brown, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN KITCHEN RANGES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said Frederick Brown, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Frederick Brown, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-

page_text: formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:-
The Invention is more particularly applicable to what are known as close
fire ranges.
When the range is made with an oven on one side of the fire
and a boiler on the other, or with an oven on each side of the fire and a boiler
at the back, or when made without any boiler, I heat the oven or ovens by
two distinct flues from the fire. First, the top of the oven is heated by a flue
from the fire passing over it; this flue has an outlet into the chimney, and the
draught is regulated by a damper in the usual manner. Second, the bottom,
back, and side of the oven furthest from the fire are heated by a flue passing,
by preference, from the bottom of the fire or from the side of the fire close to
the bottom; this flue passes under the oven and rises at the back or side, or
both, and then up the same outlet to the chimney as the flue which passes
over the top of the oven, or it may have a separate outlet or outlets to the
chimney, and the draught may be regulated by an independent damper or
dampers. The side of the oven next the fire is heated in the ordinary
manner by its close proximity to the fire, and is protected as usual with a fire-
brick or iron shield to prevent its becoming overheated. When two or
more ovens are used, I heat those next the fire in the manner above
described, and the more distant ones by a continuation of the same flue,
which passes over the top of the first oven, and also by a continuation of the
one which passes under the bottom; or the most distant ovens may be heated
by carrying the top flue over and under in the ordinary manner.
And in order that my Invention may be fully understood and readily
carried into effect I will proceed to describe the Drawings hereunto annexed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
In the Drawings are shown several views of a kitchen range made with an
oven on one side only of the fire-grate, a boiler being placed on the opposite
side; the oven is heated in the manner above described, partly by a flue from
the top of the fire-grate and partly by a flue from the bottom of the grate
passing below the bottom of the oven.
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of the range, the front plate being
removed; Figure 2 is a transverse section taken through the oven; Figure 3
is a horizontal section taken through the oven and boiler, and Figure 4 is a
plan view with the top plate removed. A perspective view of the range with
the front plate and portion of the hot plate removed is shown at Figure 5.
In each of these Figures a is the fire-grate, the fire-bars of which are in the
arrangement shewn made in one casting of cast iron, and they rest on the top of

page_text: the side plates a¹ of the ash-pit; these side plates are affixed by screws to the
front plates of the range, as is usual. Above the fire-bars on each side of the
fire-grate are placed cast-iron gratings b; b, on the tops of which are supported
fire-brick lumps c, one for protecting the boiler and the other the oven from
the direct action of the fire. d is the oven, which is heated on the top in the
ordinary manner by a flue d¹ passing from the top of the fire-grate, the pro-
ducts of combustion entering this flue being led away to the chimney through
the upright flue ; d is the flue below the bottom of the oven. The draught
from the fire enters this flue partly from the bottom of the fire through the
fire-bars, and partly from the lower part of the side of the fire through the
grating b, the products of combustion from the fire entering the flue d³ may
either pass directly into the flue d' through an opening at its lower end, or
they may rise up at the side of the oven and enter the flue d³ by passing. over
the top of the oven; or in place of the products of combustion from the flue d³
being free to pass into the flue d³ through both of these channels they might
be compelled to pass through either one or other of them only, either by
closing the passage at the side of the oven, or by closing the flue at the back
of the oven; the flue or space at the back or side of the oven would, however,
in this case still be left to form a hot air space to aid in heating the oven.
By thus heating the oven of a kitchen range, not only is the bottom of the
oven more effectually heated than heretofore, but a portion of the draught for
heating the oven being taken from or near to the bottom of the fire a
sufficiently powerful draught is obtained to render it unnecessary to close the
lower end of the chimney into which the flue denters, the lower end of the
chimney may thus be left open as in an ordinary kitchen range; f is the
boiler heated by a horizontal flue e passing below it; this flue opens at e¹ into
an upright flue e³, leading to the chimney; 9, 9, are dampers in the upright
flues & and e³ for regulating the draught.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick Brown, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of May, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight.
FRED. BROWN. (L.s.)