CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1854

page_text: از
LETTERS PATENT to Richard Roberts, of Heaton Norris, in the County of
Lancaster, Machine Maker, and George Coppock, of the same place,
Manager, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR
WEAVING."
Sealed the 29th August 1854, and dated the 22nd March.1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Roberts and
George Coppock at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,; with
their Petition, on the 22nd March 1854.
We, RICHARD ROBERTS, of Heaton Norris, in the County of Lancaster,
Machine Maker, and GEORGE COPPOCK, of the same place, Manager, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS
POR WEAVING to be as follows:-
7
Our Invention consists; first, in, an improved combination of parts for
weaving terry or looped fabrics without the aid of terry wires. The mode of
o effecting this is by means of a star wheel, driven by a pin in. a disk fixed to
the tappet shaft. To the end of the shaft of the star wheel is. a cam, with
three or other suitable number of elevators and depressors; this cam acts on a
double lever, hinged to the loom side, and to the outer end of this lever are
fixed two studs, which are capable of being set in slots.. The reed is held in
5 its place by a cross bar fixed to a shaft, hinged to the lay swords; to one end
of this shaft is fixed a pointed lever. When the weft is to be struck home into

page_text: the cloth the double lever is elevated by the cam, and the lay, in advancing,
brings the point of the lever on the shaft of the cross bar below the upper stud
in the double lever, thereby holding the reed fast, and bringing it forward the
full length of the stroke of the lay; but if the weft is to remain a certain dis-
tance from the head of the cloth, the double lever is depressed by the cam,
and the lay, in advancing, brings the pointed lever in contact with the lower
stud in the said double lever; by this means the reed. is allowed to fall back, so
as to strike up the weft at such a distance from the head of the cloth as shall
be required to form the terries (by looping up the warp in the manner now
practised), when the reed again strikes the weft up to the cloth. If it should
be found requisite, springs may be applied to the back of the lay to assist in
holding back the reed when the weft is not to be struck up to the cloth.
Our Invention consists also of an improved taking-up motion, applicable to
looms in general. A cam on the tappet shaft acts on a lever connected by a
link to an elbow lever, to one arm of which is hinged the click, taking into
the ordinary taking-up racket wheel, and the other arm is furnished with a
slot, to which the stud of the link is jointed. This stud is raised in the slot by
a rod pressing on the cloth beam, consequently as the cloth accumulates on
the cloth beam the stud is moved further from the fulcrum of the elbow lever,
thereby gradually diminishing the velocity of the cloth beam in proportion to
its increasing diameter.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed by
the said Richard Roberts and George Coppock in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 21st September 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, RICHARD
ROBERTS, of Heaton Norris, in the County of Lancaster, Machine Maker,
and GEORGE COPPOCK, of the same place, Manager, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of March, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the seventeenth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto us, the said Richard Roberts and George Coppock, Her special
license that we, the said Richard Roberts and George Coppock, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said
Richard Roberts and George Coppock, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and

page_text: lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom o
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Inven
tion for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," upon the condition
(amongst others) that we, the said Richard Roberts and George Coppock, by
5 an instrument in writing under our hands and seals, or under the hand and
seal of either of us, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
0
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Richard Roberts and George Coppock,
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement (that is to say):-
The nature of our Invention consists in an improved combination of parts
5 for manufacturing looped fabrics without the aid of wires, in which said
improved combination of parts the distance of the binding picks from the cloth
is regulated by the vibration of a loose reed; and, secondly, in an improved
combination of parts for taking up the cloth at an even tension, notwith-
standing the increasing diameter of the cloth beam or taking-up roller.
Having thus described the nature of our Invention, we will proceed to
describe the means pursued by us.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1 is a side elevation of a loom, to which the first of our improve-
ments is applied; and Figure 2 is a plan of part of the same; a is the crank
shaft; b, the tappet shaft; c, the lay swords; d, the lay bottom; e, the hand
top, into which fits the upper part of the loose reed f; these parts, and others
required to complete the loom, not shewn in the Drawing, are made in .the
usual manner. Upon the tappet shaft b is fixed the disk b¹, which gives
motion to the intermittent wheel
9, , fixed on the shaft g'; this shaft is supported
in bearings attached to the loom sides, and to it is fixed the tappet g², by means
of which an up and down motion is given to the lever h, hinged to the fulcrum
stud h'; the shorter arm of the lever h is furnished with two adjustable studs
i, the distance between which can be regulated according to the height of the
loop required. The shaft k is supported in bearings fixed to the lay swords c;
upon this shaft is fixed the lever k¹, the extremity of which is either furnished
with an anti-friction roller ; as shewn in the Drawing, or is made pointed, to
enter between the studs i of the lever h. To the shaft k are also fixed the
levers, to the upper ends of which is screwed the rail ; this rail and the

page_text: little brackets attached to it hold the lower part of the reed f. The mode of
operation is as follows:-The Drawing represents the various parts in the
positions they occupy when the reed fis vertical, or in a line with the lay
swords; the long arm of the lever h is now up, and the anti-friction roller k²,
by coming in contact with the upper stud i, depresses the lever k', which had
previously been elevated, tliereby drawing the rail 7 towards the lay bottom d;
at the next revolution of the tappet shaft b the intermittent wheel g is moved
round one sixth of a revolution, thereby moving the high part of the tappet
g from under the anti-friction roller at the longer end of the lever h, which is
then drawn down by the spring j; this depression of the longer end raises
the shorter end of the lever h, consequently, when the batten again advances
towards the breast beam, the anti-friction roller k² at the end of the lever k¹
comes against the lower stud i, and is thereby elevated sufficiently to move
the reed into the diagonal position shewn by dotted lines in Figure 1; by
this means, when the batten is home or near the cloth roller, the weft remains
at a certain distance from the cloth; another pick is then thrown in (to bind
the terry warp) and beaten' up in the same way; but at the following pick-the
long end of the lever h is again 'raised by the tappet g², consequently when
the batten advances towards: the breast beam the lever is depressed, thereby
bringing the reed into a vertical position, so as to strike home the binding
picks that had previously been thrown in, and at the same time forming the
terry warp into loops or terries. By varying the number of slots in the inter-
mittent wheel g, and the shape of the tappet g 2, various modifications in the
number and in the order of the picks may be given, and the height of the loop
or terry can be varied by increasing or diminishing the distance: between the
studs i.
Figure 3 is a side elevation of a loom to which our improved taking-up
motion is applied. Figure 4, a front view of one end of the same. a, the
crank shaft; b, the tappit shaft; m, the taking-up roller on which the cloth
is wound; n is a rod bearing on the cloth; and rising in proportion to the
increasing diameter of the cloth. The taking-up, roller is put in motion by
the ratchet wheel o, pinion o', wheel p, pinion p¹, and wheel m',..which are
måde in the' usual manner. To the rod n is suspended the bar n', in which
is a horizontal slot for the stud q, fixed in the connecting. link:q;. this,link is
jointed to the elbow lever 2, which is made to vibrate by the excentric 63, on
the tappet shaft b. Upon the shaft of the ratchet wheel o:is hinged the elbow
lever 's; one arm of which has a slot for the stud q, and the other arm supports
the click s¹. The mode of operation is as follows:-When the taking-up roller
m is empty the bar 'n' is down, and the stud q is nearest to the fulcrum of the

page_text: elbow lever s, consequently the greatest motion is given to the ratchet wheel
but as the cloth accumulates on the roller m, the bar n' gradually rises and
increases the distance of the stud q to the fulcrum of the elbow lever s, thereby
proportionately reducing the motion of the ratchet wheel o. By this means
a positive and uniform taking-up motion is obtained.
Having thus described the nature of our Invention, and the manner of per-
forming the same, we wish it to be understood that we do not claim weaving
terry fabrics without the aid of wires, as that has before been done, nor do we
claim the raising of the stud 9 in the slot of a lever when applied to the
taking-up motion of loomis; but what we do claim is,―
First, the improved combination of machinery described for weaving terry
fabrics, and for regulating the height of the terry according to the position of-a
loose reed.
And secondly, the improved combination of parts for taking up the cloth as
described.
In witness whereof, we, the said Richard Roberts and George Coppock,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twentieth day of Sep-
tember, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four.
RICH
ROBERTS. (L.S.)
(L.S.)
GEO. COPPOCK.
igned, sealed, and delivered by the within-named
Richard Roberts and George Coppock in the
presence of
H. B. BARLOW,
Patent Agent,
Manchester.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the within-named
Richard Roberts and George Coppock in the
presence of
H. B. BARLOW,
Patent Agent,
Manchester.