IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR MOULDING, AND IN SUPPLEMENTARY DEVICES RELATING THERETO
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frank Wirth, of the Firm of Wirth and Company,
Patent Solicitors, at Frankfort-on-the-Main, in the Empire of Germany, for an
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR
MOULDING, AND IN SUPPLEMENTARY DEVICES RELATING THERETO." A com-
munication from Peter Gallas and Heinrich Aufderheide, of Kaiserslautern,
in the Empire of Germany.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frank Wirth at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th December 1880.
FRANK WIRTH, of the Firm of Wirth and Company, Patent Solicitors, at
Frankfort on the Main, in the Empire of Germany. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR MOULDING, AND IN SUPPLEMENTARY DEVICES
RELATING THERETO." A communication from Peter Gallas and Heinrich
Aufderheide, of Kaiserslautern, in the Empire of Germany.
The said Invention relates to the production of moulds for founders' purposes by
means of apparatus which gives an increased power of production, and a great
scope for dealing with a variety of different sizes and forms of patterns.
This improved apparatus consists of a moulding machine, and of an accessory
machine for fitting the mould boxes exactly to one another.
The moulding machine consists of six principal parts -
1st. A press apparatus actuated by special mechanical gearing.
2nd. A carriage carrying the moulding box, and with apparatus for loosening
the patterns.
3rd. The apparatus for turning the mould box and pattern plate.
4th. The press frame with the skimming apparatus.
5th. The moveable press cover with box for coarse sand.
6th. The case for fine parting with automatic sifting apparatus.
The moulding is effected in the following manner :-
The half box is fastened by clips upon the pattern plate, and the press frame is
then drawn forward over the box, and sufficient fine parting sand is sifted over the
face of the pattern. The coarse moulding sand is then filled in, and the press cover
and block is drawn over the top of the open box. By the rotation then of a hand

page_text: The
wheel and gearing the press table, carriage, and moulding box are pressed upwards
against the press block, and the moulding sand is thus rammed into the box.
After the ramming is completed all parts are loosened again so as to cause the
moulding box to be carried by turning pivots, and the carriage becomes free.
latter is removed from underneath the box, the skimming apparatus smooths off
the back of the mould level with the box, and the box is turned upside down by
the rotation of a hand wheel, a catch being pressed back during rotation. The
travelling carriage is brought under the box again to support it, and the pattern
plate is unbolted from the face of the box, which is now uppermost. This detach-
inent of the pattern plate is effected without detriment to the mould by allowing
the box and press table to fall slowly away from the pattern plate. A half
moulding box is thus produced complete, and run out on the carriage, from which
it is removed, and the pattern plate once more readjusted on the carriage for the
production of another similar mould. The other half of the mould may be most
conveniently produced in another machine simultaneously with the first balf. It
must be remembered that the runner must be provided for in one of the half
boxes.
These two half boxes may be closed and put on the accessory adjusting machine,
which brings them forcibly together in exact juxta position by the pressure of the
foot. The boxes are thus secured in that position by one or more clips on each
side of the box.
The especial points of novelty in the construction of the details of the moulding
machine to effect the moulding as above described are:-
1st. The pressing of the mould is effected by the rotation of a hand wheel, the
weight of the press table and the carriage being counterbalanced by hanging
weights. The hand wheel drives by means of a chain gearing a counter shaft on
the bed plate, on which is keyed a spiral geared wheel.
This spiral gears into its counterpart on a second countershaft, which again by
a similar pair of geared wheels drives a third countershaft, the gearing in each
case driving from a large diameter to a small diameter to give an increase of speed
or, travel.
This third counter shaft gears by a pinion into a rack upon one side of the
central press table column, and also drives by equal gearing a fourth counter shaft,
which also gears by a pinion into a rack on the other side of the central press-
table column. By the rotation of these shafts the presstable is thus raised or
lowered. The effect however of the double spiral gearing before described is to
give at first from the uniformn rotation of the first counter shaft an increased speed
of travel, and afterwards steadily reducing speed of travel and consequent increase
of force as the spirals continue to gear into one another. This a peculiarly effective
motion for the pressing of the sand into the moulding box.
2nd. The carriage consists of a solid frame running on wheels, and an upper
inovable plate, which again carries the mould turning apparatus, the pattern plate,
and the moulding box. The carriage has a special apparatus by which the pattern
plate can be loosened from the mould box. The upper plates and box are
suspended on two light carriage springs in the lower carriage, and at the same
time are prevented from moving horizontally by guide pins. The rotation of a
polyhidral rod upon which the springs bear gives a vibratory motion to the upper
plates when desired, which is very effective in separating the pattern plate from
the mould without injury to the latter. A further aid to separation may be used
in the form of an electric current, for which purpose the upper pattern plate is made
separate from the rest of the machine, and the surface of the carriage is covered
with a nonconductor of electricity.
The mould and the pattern plate may then be electrified with similar currents,
which will cause a mutual repulsion between their two surfaces.
3rd. The turning apparatus consists of two rests or checks in the sides of the
press on which the moulding box patterns and under bearing plates will rest until
lowered on to them.

page_text: The rotation is then effected by a hand wheel, the box and plates being securely
held in the rests, the proper position of the turning plate for the successive bori-
zontal positions of the moulding box being determined by a spring detent and
notches, which must be drawn out of gear to admit of the rotation of the box. The
relative positions of the turning axis and of the pattern plate are adjustable
vertically by suitable screws.
The under support of the pattern plate consists of an outer frame and an inner
removable grating, so that patterns may be withdrawn in part when necessary.
through the grating from below the box, and also to admit of pattern plates with
recesses or downward projections. The moulding box and parts are balanced on
the turning axis by four weights suspended on chains passing round the said axis.
These balance weights and chains also admit of an adjustment of the box, so that
they may be filled to the whole height of the lift of the press apparatus and then
be conveniently turned.
4th. A press frame of flat iron is attached to the travelling press table of the
same size as the mould and is fitted with a skimming knife, which travelling on
the projecting frame is used to skim off level the superabundant sand from the top
of the moulding box.
5th. The press cover is a strong cast iron frame fitted with wooden blocks and
running on wheels and guides which may be thus run over the moulding box for
pressing the sand or run out of the way when done with. The coarse moulding
sand is carried in a tray on this press cover, from which the sand may be raked
into the moulding box before the cover is run on for pressing.
6th. The case for fine parting sand is carried by the main press pillars above
the press table. The bottom of the case is closed by a sieve plate to which a
reciprocating motion is given, so as to drop the sand through in an evenly
distributed manner over the pattern plate.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Frank Wirth in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 29th June
1881.
FRANK WIRTH, of the Firm of Wirth and Company, Patent Solicitors, at
Frankfort on the Main, in the Empire of Germany. " IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR MOULDING, AND IN SUPPLEMENTARY DEVICES
THERETO. A communication from Peter Gallas and Heinrich Aufderheide, of
Kaiserslautern, in the Empire of Germany.
"
The said Invention relates to the production of moulds for foundry purposes by
means of apparatus which gives an increased power of production, and a great
scope for dealing with a variety of different sizes and forms of patterns.
This improved apparatus consists of a moulding machine and of an accessory
machine for fitting the mould boxes exactly to one another.
The moulding machine consists of six principal parts:--1st, a press apparatus
actuated by special mechanical gearing; 2nd, a carriage carrying the moulding
box and with apparatus for loosening the patterns; 3rd, the apparatus for turning
the mould box and pattern plate; 4th, the press frame with the skimming apparatus;
5th, the moveable press cover with box for coarse sand; 6th, the case for fine
parting sand with automatic sifting apparatus. The moulding is effected in the
following manner :-
The half box is fastened by clips upon the pattern plate, and the press frame is
then drawn forward over the box and sufficient fine parting sand is sifted over the
face of the pattern. The coarse moulding sand is then filled in, and the press
cover and block is drawn over the top of the open box. By the rotation then of a
hand-wheel and gearing the press table carriage and moulding box are pressed
upwards against the press block, and the moulding sand is thus rammed into the
box. After the ramming is completed all parts are loosened again, so as to cause
the moulding box to be carried by turning pivots and the carriage becomes free.
The latter is moved from underneath the box, the skimming apparatus smooths the
back of the mould level with the box, and the box is turned upside down by the
rotation of a hand wheel, a catch being pressed back during rotation. The
travelling carriage is brought under the box again to support it, and the pattern
plate is unbolted from the face of the box which is now uppermost. This
detachment of the pattern plate is effected without detriment to the mould by
allowing the box and press table to fall slowly away from the pattern plate.
A half moulding box is thus produced complete and run out on the carriage
from which it is removed, and the pattern plate once more readjusted on the carriage
for the production of another similar mould. The other half of the mould may
be most conveniently produced in another machine simultaneously with the first
half. It must be remembered that the runner must be provided for in one of the
half boxes.
These two half boxes may be closed and put on the accessory adjusting machine,
which brings them forcibly together in exact juxta-position by the pressure of the
foot. The boxes are then secured in that position by one or more clips on each
side of the box.
The especial points of novelty in the construction of the details of the moulding
machine to effect the moulding, as above described, are:-1st, the pressing of the
mould is effected by the rotation of a hand wheel, the weight of the press table and
the carriage being counterbalanced by hanging weights.
The hand wheel drives by means of a chain gearing a counter shaft on the bed
plate on which is keyed a spiral geared wheel. This spiral gears into its counter
part on a second countershaft, which again by a similar pair of spiral geared

page_text: wheels drives a third counter shaft, the gearing in each case driving from a large
diameter to a small diameter to give an increase of speed or travel.
This third counter shaft gears by a pinion into a rack upon one side of the
central press table column, and also drives by equal gearing a fourth counter shaft,
which also gears by a pinion into a similar rack on the other side of the central
press-table column. By the rotation of these shafts the press table is thus raised
or lowered. The effect however of the double spiral gearing before described is
to give at first froin the uniform rotation of the first counter shaft an increased
speed of travel, afterwards a steadily reducing speed of travel, and consequent
increase of force, as the spirals continue to gear into one another. This is a
peculiarly effective motion for the pressing of the sand into the moulding box.
2nd. The carriage consists of a solid frame running on wheels, and an upper
movable plate, which again carries the mould turning apparatus, the pattern plate,
and the moulding box. The carriage has a special apparatus by which the pattern
plate can be loosened from the mould box. The upper plates and box are suspended
on two light carriage springs on the lower carriage, and at the same time are
prevented from moving horizontally by guide pins. The rotation of a polyhedral
rod, upon which the springs bear, gives a vibratory motion to the upper plates
when desired, which is very effective in separating the pattern plate from the
mould without injury to the latter. A further aid to separation may be used in
the form of an electric current, for which purpose the upper pattern plate is made
separate from the rest of the machine, and the surface of the carriage is covered
with a non conductor of electricity.
The mould and the pattern plate may then be electrified with similar currents,
which will cause a mutual repulsion between their two surfaces.
3rd. The turning apparatus consists of two rests or cheeks in the sides of the
press, on which the moulding box, pattern, and under bearing plates will rest when
lowered on to them.
The rotation is then effected by a hand wheel, the box and plate being securely
held in the rests, the proper positions of the turning plate for the successive
horizontal positions of the moulding box being determined by a spring detent and
notches, which must be drawn out of gear to admit of the rotation of the box.
The relative positions of the turning axis and of the pattern plate are adjustable
vertically by suitable screws.
The under support of the pattern plate consists of an outer frame and an inner
removeable grating, so that patterns may be withdrawn in part when necessary
through the grating from below the box, and also to admit of pattern plates with
recesses or downward projections. The moulding box and parts are balanced on
the turning axis. by four weights suspended on chains passing round the said axis.
These balance weights and chains also admit of an adjustment of the box, so
that they may be filled to the whole height of the lift of the press apparatus, and
then be conveniently turned.
4th. A press frame of flat iron is attached to the travelling press table of the
same size as the mould, and is fitted with a skimming knife or frame, which,
travelling on the projecting frames, is used to skim off level the superabundant sand
from the top of the moulding box.
5th. The press cover is a strong cast iron frame fitted with wooden blocks, and
running on wheels and guides, which may thus be run over the moulding box for
pressing the sand, or run out of the way when done with. The coarse moulding
sand is carried in a tray on this press cover, from which the sand may be raked
into the moulding box before the cover is run on for pressing.
6tb. The case for fine parting sand is carried by the main press pillars above the
press table.
The bottom of the case is closed by a sieve plate, to which a
reciprocating motion is given, so as to drop the sand through in an evenly
distributed manner over the pattern plate.
And in order that the said Invention may be better understood, the. Drawings
hereunto annexed are now described, reference being had to the Figures and

page_text: letters marked thereon, like letters referring to like parts in each of the Figures,
that is to say :-
Figures I. to III, shew the moulding machine complete..
Figs. IX. to XII., the subsidiary apparatus and details.
The moulding machine consists of the six following principal parts:-
A is the press apparatus; B is the carriage with the apparatus for loosening the
moulds; C is the arrangement or apparatus for turning the boxes and forming the
bearer for the moulding plate; D is the press frame with the skimming apparatus;
E is the moveable press cover with press block and box for coarse or rough sand;
F is the case or hopper for the parting sand, with automatic sifting apparatus for
sifting the sand upon the patterns.
The whole machine is erected on a base plate R, and on four strong pillars or
columns M and M¹ of wrought iron, which are held and fastened in all directions
by the upper parts of the machine.
The pressing of the moulds is effected from the crank pin p by rack motion ẞ5
by a particular form of gearing B, B1, B2, B3, hereinafter more minutely described,
and by a chain motion 23 from a crank shaft p¹.
The whole gearing apparatus is placed on the base plate
shaft p', which is fixed on the pillars M¹.
except the crank
The weight of the press table v and the carriage B are equalized by the balance
weight C² applied by means of chains Z and wheels Z.
The peculiarity of the press apparatus is, that with a constant speed of rotation
of the crank shaft p', the press lifts rapidly at the commencement with
comparatively little force, and then gradually increases the mechanical advantage
of the pressure with a similarly reducing speed of lift. This motion gives a large
lift, and a great ultimate development of pressure with small resistance to,
and few rotations of, the crank. It is effected by means of geared spiral
cams B, B1, B2, B³.
To the crank shaft p¹ is fitted a chain grip p in which runs the chain p³, which
thus transmits the power from the crank to the grip chain wheel m.
To the shaft of the chain wheel m is attached the geared spiral cam 3, which
gears into another spiral cam 3' on an intermediate counter shaft. On this same
countershaft is keyed another geared spiral cam 62, which gears into a fourth spiral
cam 3 on a through shaft 3°. On this shaft is keyed a pinion 3*, which thus
transmits the power to the rack and press 35.
The intermediate wheels a transmit the power and motion to the opposite
rack, so that the press is lifted or lowered simultaneously and uniformly at both
sides.
At the commencement of the motion the largest radii of the driving spiral cams
gear into the smallest radii of the driven spiral cams, and, thus by a small rotation
of the driving shaft a large travel or lift of the press racks is effected though with
little pressure. As the rotation continues, this proportion is altered by the driving
spiral cams eventually gearing with their smallest radii into the largest radii of the
driven spiral cams, thus giving a much reduced speed of rise to the press, but with
a greatly increased force, the speed of the driving shaft remaining constant
throughout.
In the Drawings the position of the spiral cams and press table is set for the lift
of greatest space, but it is adjustable to the required height of lifting by means of
the coupling 37 keyed to the shaft 3, which adjusts the loosely fitting spiral
cam 3 to any required position on the shaft.
The press table is guided in its rise partly by the four sockets or bosses on the
pillars M and M¹, and further in the middle by two cylinders U and U¹ guiding
themselves one in the other.
To the outer cylinder are screwed the racks 35 and x² by means of lugs w, and
they are further connected together below the plate by a cross piece w¹.
The carriage B is supported on wheels which run on rails or guides which are
extended outwards to y, so that the carriage can be run out from under the

page_text: press. The carriage B consists of the lower part B¹, with moveable plate B²,
and is fitted with an apparatus for loosening the mould without damage from the
patterns.
On each side of the lower part B' of the carriage is fitted a carriage spring,
which carry the plate B2 on their four free ends. This plate is caused to travel in
a truly vertical manner by four guide pins, so that it cannot experience any
horizontal disturbance. These guide pins are supplied below with catches in order
to prevent the springs from lifting them out of the guide holes, and further to fix
the space between the lower part and plate. The springs must be strong enough
to keep the plate and box hanging.
In the middle under plate B two screws u run vertically downwards, carrying
upon them a crosspiece u¹ made of steel.
The latter is moveable by the nuts of the screws u. Resting on the cross piece u¹
is a polyhedron of steel attached to an axis u².
The axis u is fitted with a small crank outside of the box B, by which it may
be rotated. The rotations of the crank induce, by the turning of the polyhedron,
a slight up and down motion of the plate every time a corner of the polyhedron
passes the crosspiece. This reciprocating motion of the lower plate to the mould
serves to slightly enlarge the mould and shake it free of the pattern, which is fixed
to the lower plate. The mould and pattern may thus be separated without damage
to the mould.
A further improvement to abolish this adhesiveness between the mould and the
pattern is the application of an electric current.
For this purpose the pattern plate is insulated from all the other parts of the
machine and the box similarly. If now both the box and the pattern be electrified
by currents of the same kind they will repel each other and thus separate
easily.
The turning apparatus C, in connection with the pattern plate bed, has its bearing
in two cheek pieces, which can be adjusted vertically upon the two pillars which
are provided for each.
•
Two screws C³ for each cheek, and which are guided in lugs C³ on the press cover
supports C, form the means of adjustment for the aforesaid cheeks.
The disc or plate i, with notch and bolt K, serve to keep the pattern plate bed
in a horizontal position either with pattern plate upwards, as shewn in the Drawing,
or the reverse.
As the position of the pattern plate to the centre of the heel post or shaft will
vary in a vertical direction according to the height of the box, the bearings of
the pattern plate and those of the heel post are adjustable to each other by
screws 22.
The under bed of the pattern plate consists of two parts, the frame Q' and the
enclosed or inner part Q, so that a large variety of pattern plates can be
accommodated on the machine, even those with parts projecting downwards,
suitable orifices 'being then provided in the lower plate. These may also be
utilized for patterns of which a part is required to be renewed from below. In this
latter case the box will not be turned, but must be taken directly from the plate
and placed on the adjusting apparatus.
Outside of the cheek bearings is placed on each of the heel posts a chain
gear. That on the left hand may be fastened with the fixed coupling b¹ by the
bolt 6, and the other may be fastened by means of the hand wheel boss b₁ with
screws 6³ to the pillars, and thus may be fixed or released as required.
The middle of a chain exactly fitting to these grooves is passed round them from
below, and both ends of this chain are passed upwards over the wheels f, and the
weights are suspended from the ends, so that two weights hang on each side of
the machine. All four weights together suffice to balance the weight of the turning
apparatus and pattern plate.
Each of the weights has a guiding rod f' which slides in a collar o on the press
cover support.

page_text: An adjusting ring o' on the guiding rods is so arranged or placed as to lay itself
flat to the guides o if the turning apparatus is on its turning place.
Besides balancing the turning apparatus this arrangement of weights and
chains with gear is for the following useful purpose:-Without them the boxes
could only be filled with sand to the half space of the lift of the press apparatus,
as nearly the half lift is lost at the pressing as dead travel, and after turning the
carriage could not be driven beneath to support the box. Now for a greater
depth of box the chain gears are put on the shafts or pivots and fixed by means
of the screws b² and 65 mentioned before.
In the case of a specially deep box thus pressed the carriage being now pulled
from beneath, and the box resting on the turning cheeks, in which case the weight
guide rod collars are lying flat on the guides o, the turning is effected in the
following manner :-
After the bolt or latch K is unshackled the turning may be effected by the hand
wheel, and the chain gears ascend at the respective ends of the chain in the
direction to which the turning is directed, and at the same time the weights at
the opposite side pull till the bolt K falls into the notch i.
In this way the apparatus is placed firmly in a horizontal position with the box
reversed underneath, and the latter may now be easily supported.
In this way
boxes may be filled with sand to the depth of the whole lift of the press apparatus
and then turned.
The frame D, Figure II., is made simply of flat iron, and must have exactly the
inner length and breadth of the moulding box. A second frame D2 open at q, and
with a steel knife q' and handles q³ serves as a skimming apparatus. It is pivoted
with the frame D by the bolts q³.
The frame D has a passage on the side where the steel knife is placed by which
the sand cut off by the knife may escape upwards.
Both arms of the skimming frame are pivoted on pins at its open end to the
cross piece q¹. This cross piece can slide to and fro on the two brackets or
supports D³, and serves in this way to guide the press frame and skimmer D³.
When this apparatus is out of action it rests on the bracket D³, as shown in
Figure I.
The brackets are fixed to the press table, and travel with it therefore up and
down, and in this way the frame and skimmer are always at a convenient height
to the moulding box.
The press cover E is a strong frame of cast iron, to which are screwed under-
neath strong wood planks E¹, and to the latter is attached the press block E³.
The box is for rough moulding sand, and forms the upper part of the press
cover.
The whole press cover and sand box is carried on the wheels 1, 2, which run on
the upper edge of the horizontal rails or supports C, and thus enable the press
cover to be moved to and fro. The under sides of these rails are planed with a
V groove, into which the strong press frame E is planed to fit, and against which
it presses when the pressing is being effected.
The box for the fine moulding or parting sand is fastened to the press supports C
by means of the 4 arins T. By means of a crank arm and a rocking bar and
link 1, 2, 3, 4, a sieve c placed below this box, and resting by rollers t¹ on the
rail y, can be oscillated horizontally below the box, so that the sand is caused to
be sifted through it on to the patterns.
In order to avoid the difficulty attaching to the use of ordinary perforated sieves
and wet sand in such circumstances an improved sieve, shewn in plan at Figure IV.,
and in sections at V. and VI., is used.
The holes are made by indentations half above and half below the plate, some-
what in the form of the teeth of a rasp. The indentations are made by cutters
working like scissors, and the face of the cut is perpendicular to the plate, and
arched or scolloped alternately up and down.
These special cutters are shewn in Figure VII. Two planks or bars of length

page_text: equal to the breadth of the plate carry between them two rows of toothed cutters
or knives. The blades of these knives are so directed that the upper and lower
blades pass each other like the blades of scissors, and the knives are so fixed into
the planks or bars that the teeth of one pair are directed to the gaps of the other.
The boards or bars opposite the teeth have suitable recesses made in them, so that
they just adinit the teeth and the thickness of the plate, thus giving the indentations
the required shape.
The ends of the bars carrying the cutters are bedded in a frame, and a recipro-
cating vertical movement is given to this frame by a suitable eccentric motion. A
feed motion by pawl and ratchet is also effected simultaneously with the lift of the
cutter bar, which thus by means of rollers Z³ feeds the sieve plate forward.
Figure VIII. shows a detail of the cutting knife, the left hand showing the back
and the right hand the cutting face of the blade. The fineness of the sieve to be
cut may be varied by adjustment of different sizes of knives and the throw of the
feed.
Figures IX., X., and XII. show two clevations and a plan of an adjusting
apparatus for the moulding boxes. By means of the 4 pins / the planed table
plate 6 is guided in 4 lugs of the frame G, and is free to move upwards and
downwards.
The pins rest in the 4 shoes of the hoops h, which hang on the three armed
lever f. The lever arms f are connected by tension rods with the foot treadle
lever g. A weight gl is placed so as to overcome the weight of the table plate,
and to keep the latter pressing upwards. The table plate b thus rests entirely
balanced on the whole lever apparatus. Two carefully turned bolts S are fixed to
the upper part of the framing, and are bored centrally and slotted. These bolts
are guided in the lugs d, and can be adjusted at n by means of the nuts to suit
the height of the boxes. The holes in the lugs V of the lower box fit exactly
around the bolts S, and the pins of the upper box fit the central bore of these
bolts S.
This apparatus is worked thus:-As the lower box is put on the table the latter
sinks down by the increased weight, and the holes of the lugs V of the box close
or catch round the bolts S. The upper box is then put on so that its pins fit into
the hollow bore of the bolts S. Keys or cotters are now driven through the slots
of the pin and bolt, and the boxes are thus properly adjusted and closed.
Large boxes are further provided with clips, shown Figure XI.
By pressing downwards the treadle g by the foot the box lifts off from the
bolts S, and can then be freely handled and laid aside.
The pattern plates for the upper boxes are provided with exactly fitting holes,
and those for the lower box with exactly fitting pins, according to corresponding
boxes. The patterns are fitted exactly on their plates by these pins and holes.
Figures XIII., XIV., XV., and XVI. show a system of suitable press blocks and
the apparatus for manufacturing them.
The method of making them is as follows:-
The pattern on the pattern plate is first covered with dissolved gutta percha to a
thickness determinable by the form of the pattern, and is arranged so that it shall
represent the required thickness of fine moulding or parting sand over the pattern.
Extra thicknesses must be allowed where special depths of sand may be required
over the pattern.
A wooden frame is now made surrounding this gutta percha covered pattern
corresponding in its interior dimensions exactly to those of the moulding box.
This frame is now filled with gypsum or cement, and when hardened forms the
pattern for the real press block. It is now to be japanned, moulded in sand,
and the metal cast therein. When finished and trimmed the casting is
fastened below the press cover; large projections on the press block and also any
required holes or passages are provided, as shewn in Figures XV. & XVI. Moulds
pressed in this way are uniformly firm throughout, and are only slightly filled up
with the coarser sand, the ventilation being inuch aided thereby.

page_text: As an alternative arrangement in the press the cylinders u and u' may be used
as air pumps if the lower cylinder, which serves as a bucket or plunger, be fitted
with suitable valves, and the upper cylinder be supplied with an hydraulic cup
leather joint. The air which is compressed by each lift of the press may be
conducted to a reservoir, and will serve for cleaning the moulds by blowing, or for
dusting them with plumbago by applying a dusting apparatus.
And having now fully described and ascertained the nature of the said Invention
communicated to me by my correspondents, and the manner in which it is
to be performed, be it known that what is claimed as novel and useful, and which
it is desired to protect by Letters Patent is,-
-
1st. The combination of the press A, the carriage B, the turning apparatus C,
the skimming apparatus D, the press cover E, and the sand box F, substantially as
and for the purpose hereinbefore described.
2nd. The construction of the press apparatus A, and combination therewith of
the geared spirals, substantially as described.
3rd. The construction of the carriage B, and combination therewith of the apparatus
for removal of the adhesiveness of pattern and mould, substantially as described.
4th. The construction of turning apparatus with removable interior grating, and
combination therewith of apparatus for the adjustment of the bearings of the
pattern plate to the height of the box, the balancing and simultaneously raising
weights, and the apparatus of adjustment of turning mechanism to the height of
the box, substantially as hereinbefore described.
5th. The application of the electric current for the removal of the adhesiveness
between the mould und pattern, substantially as described.
6th. The construction of the press frame and the skimming knife and apparatus,
substantially as described.
7th. The construction of the press cover and its supports, substantially as
described.
8th. The construction of the moulding sand box, and the combination there with
of the sieve, operated substantially as described.
9th. The construction of the sieve and of the apparatus for piercing the plates,
substantially as described.
10th. The combination of the apparatus for adjusting the mould boxes with the
press apparatus, substantially as herein before described.
11th. The construction of the mould box adjusting apparatus, substantially as
described.
12th. The automatic box clip, Figure XI., substantially as described.
13th. The construction of the press blocks, substantially as described.
14th. The use of the press cylinders for the production of compressed air, as and
for the purposes substantially as described.
15th. The detaching apparatus of carriage B in combination with a wagon
spring, or in the place of it a spiral or india rubber spring, substantially as
described.
16th. The construction of a clip 6 on the turning apparatus C for fastening the
box to the metal plate, substantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frank Wirth, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Fifteenth day of June, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty-one.
FRANK WIRTH. (L.S.)