IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PRINTED YARNS, AND IN THE APPLICATION OF CERTAIN FIBROUS MATERIALE TO THE MANUFACTURE OF CERTAIN DESCRIPTIONS OF YARNS AND THREADS
Year: 1861

page_text: Sealed the 17th January 1862, and dated the 12th November 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Tongue at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
November 1861.
I, WILLIAM TONGUE, of Chryssell Road, Brixton, in the County of Surrey,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PRINTED YARNS, AND IN THE APPLICATION OF CERTAIN
FIBROUS MATERIALE TO THE MANUFACTURE OF CERTAIN DESCRIPTIONS OF YARNS AND
THREADS," to be as follows:-
The first part of my Invention consists in printing in one or more colors
"slivers," "slubbings," or "rovings" of fibrous materials, such printed" slivers,"
slubbings," or "rovings" being afterwards drawn out and spun into yarns, as
is well understood.
The second part of my Invention consists in the application to the manu-
facture of mixed yarns, mixed, colored, or "mottled" yarns, and mixed,
twisted, or doubled yarns, of the fibres taken from the stems or shoots of any
or all of the following plants, either alone or in combination with other fibres,
namely, the Neilgherry nettle, scientifically known as the "Urtica" or "Girar-
dinia heterophilla," the "Marsdenia tenacissima," order "Asclepiadaces," the
[Price Sd.]

page_text: fibre from which is known as "jettee fibre," and the Pederia foetida," order
Convolvulaceæ, the two last being creeping or climbing plants growing in
"Assam, Chittagong," and other parts of Eastern Asia and the Eastern Archi-
pelago; the "Calotropis gigantea," order "Asclepiadaceae," a plant growing
in all parts of the East Indian peninsula, the fibre from which is known as
the "mudar
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or yercum" fibre, and the "Beaumontia grandiflora," a tropical
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plant of the order "Apocynaces."
The fibres having been removed from the stems of the above-mentioned
plants either by hand or by machinery, may, according to this part of my
Invention, be treated by any of the well known steeping or retting processes,
with or without the aid of chemical solutions; but I prefer to treat the fibrous
materials as described in the Specification of a Patent granted to Francis
Montgomery Jennings, dated November 15th, 1852, No. 756, or as described
in the Specification of a Patent granted to Edward Blake, dated September
6th, 1859, No. 2036.
The above-mentioned fibrous materials, after being prepared as described
above, are dressed, heckled, or combed on combing, heckling, or silk dressing
machinery suited to the purpose, so as to split and refine the fibres; and I would
here remark that though many other descriptions of machinery are applicable
to this purpose, I prefer to use the machinery described in the Specification of
a Patent granted to Samuel Cunliffe Lister and James Warburton, dated
December 13th, 1859, No. 2832, the fibres being prepared for such machinery
by carding," "gilling," or other toothed surfaces, or by drawing operations,
any of which operations are suited to the purpose, and are well known and in
common use; and I would also remark that in some cases where it is desired
to mix the above-named fibres with other fibres of short staple for spinning
on cotton or other short fibre spinning machinery, I find it desirable to cut
the before-named fibres to a suitable length for mixing with such short stapled
fibres. The above-named fibres may be cut after being dressed or combed,
and then mixed with one another or with other fibres by a carding operation,
or they may be carded separately and then mixed in the drawing or spinning
operations; or they may be cut previously to the combing, heckling, or dressing
operations, and then carded and combed either alone or in combination with
one another, or with other fibrous materials; and if combed alone, they
must be spun separately or mixed in the subsequent drawing or spinning
operations; or the above-named fibrous materials may be reduced to their
ultimate staple, so as to be suitable for mixing with other short stapled fibres
by treating with an alkali and an acid, or by the action of rollers and water or
soap, or by other known means. I would also remark that the "noils" or

page_text: refuse from the combing operations of the above-named fibrous materials may
be treated in all respects similarly with "top" or clean fibre, and may, if
desired, be recombed, or may be mixed, dyed, or otherwise treated as herein
described, without departing from the nature of this part of my Invention.
After the above-named fibrous materials have been prepared and dressed as
above described, I mix them in the undyed or bleached, or dyed or printed
state with one another in any desired number or proportion, or they may be
mixed in the undyed or bleached, or dyed or printed state, either alone or in
combination with one another, with either wool, hair, alpaca, mohair, silk,
flax, or jute, or any other known textile fibre suitably prepared, or with a
combination of any or all of these fibres in any desired proportion; this
mixing may be effected by drawing operations, as is well understood, and in
some cases I prefer to pass the fibrous materials (previously mixed by a
drawing operation) through a combing machine, so as thoroughly to intermix
the various fibrous materials, for the purpose of spinning a mixed yarn, which,
if not dyed previous to spinning, may be subsequently dyed any desired color.
Any of the above-named fibres, previous to their being combed, dressed, or
heckled, or afterwards, may be dyed or printed various colors, and portions of
the same or of the different fibres above mentioned so dyed, or portions of
the dyed and undyed or bleached fibres above named may be mixed with one
another, or with silk, wool, hair, mohair, alpaca, cotton, flax, or jute, either
undyed, bleached or dyed in one or various colors at the spinning operation, or
at any of the previous operations, as above described, so as to produce a mixed
colored yarn. Two or more yarns spun as above described (either undyed or
dyed, or printed one or more colors, or bleached before or after spinning) may
be twisted together, or one or more yarns spun as above described (or spun
from any one of the above-named fibrous materials by itself, either undyed or
dyed, or printed one or more colors, or bleached before or after spinning) may
be twisted together with one or more yarns spun from wool, hair, or mohair,
alpaca, silk, cotton, flax, jute, or other known textile fibrous material, alone or
in combination with one another, such last-named fibrous materials being
either in the undyed or bleached state, or dyed or printed one color before
or after spinning, or dyed or printed various colors, and mixed before or during
spinning, as above described, this part of my Invention consisting in the manu-
facture of mixed yarns, mixed colored, "marled," or "mottled," and twisted
or doubled yarns, when one or more of the component parts of such yarns are
composed of one or more of the fibrous materials taken from the stems of the
"Urtica," or "Girardinia" "heterophilla," the "Marsdenia tenacissima," the
"Pederia foetida," the "Calotropis gigantea," and the "Beaumontia grandiflora "

page_text: Any one of the above-named fibrous materials may, when dressed, combed,
or heckled, be spun wet after the manner of flax, the natural gum of the fibres
being softened so as to cause the ultimate fibres to be drawn from one another
by the spinning or drawing rollers, such rollers being set apart a distance
suitable to the length of the ultimate fibres of the various materials above
mentioned; but this part of my Invention does not consist in so spinning such
fibres, but in twisting one or more yarns so spun with one or more yarns of
the same fibrous materials, one or more of such yarns being dyed different
colors. This part of my Invention also consists in twisting or doubling one or
more yarns spun wet, as above described, from the above-named. fibrous
materials, with one or more yarns spun from any other known textile fibrous
material, either alone or mixed in any way, as above described.
The third part of my Invention consists in the application to the manu-
facture of mixed yarns, mixed, colored, or "mottled yarns," and mixed, twisted,
or doubled yarns of the fibres taken from the pods, and attached to and
surrounding the seeds of the following plants and trees, namely, the "Beau-
montia grandiflora," a tropical plant of the order "Apocynaceæ," the "Calo-
tropis gigantea" order "Asclepiadacere," a plant growing in all parts of the
East Indian peninsula, the "doora" fibre from Goozerat and other parts of
India, the "Stephanotus floribunda," order Asclepiadacea also the "Erio-
dendron samauniæ," growing in Brazil, the "Bombax," or "Salmania
malabaricum," growing in Assam and Eastern Asia, and the other varieties
of the "Bombacea" order "Malvacea," producing the material known as
silk or tree cotton.
I mix the above-named fibrous materials in the undyed or bleached, or dyed
or printed state with one another, in any desired number or proportion, or I
mix them in the undyed or bleached, or dyed or printed state, either alone or
in combination with one another with any of the fibrous materials mentioned
in the second part of my Invention, or with wool, hair, alpaca, mohair, silk,
flax, jute, or any other known textile fibrous materials suitably prepared, or
with a combination of any or all of these fibres in any desired proportion; such
fibres as much exceed in length the fibres I propose to use being cut or other-
wise reduced to a suitable length, as described in the second part of my
Invention. The mixing of the above-named fibres may be effected by a
carding operation, or they may be carded separately, and afterwards mixed in
the drawing or spinning operations; but I would here remark that I prefer to
mix the fibres of the Bombacea with other fibres of a suitable length, such
as cotton or other fibres, at or previous to the carding operation, as from the
shortness of their staple they are difficult to deal with in any other manner,

page_text: but when so mixed they may be spun into yarns suitable either for woollen. or
other purposes, being peculiarly remarkable for softness of texture. In some
cases I prefer to comb the four fibrous materials first named either after or
before mixing with other fibrous material, as above described, but this does
not form part of my Invention.
Any of the fibres named in the commencement, of this part of my Invention
previous to their being carded, or afterwards, may be dyed or printed various
colors, and portions of the same or of the different fibres so dyed or printed or
portions of the dyed or printed and undyed or bleached fibres may be mixed
with one another, or with silk, wool, hair, mohair, alpaca, cotton, flax, jute, or
other known textile fibrous materials undyed, or bleached, or dyed or printed
in one or various colors at the spinning operation, or at any of the previous
operations, as above described; two or more yarns spun as above described may
be twisted together, or one or more yarns spun as above described, or spun
from any one of the above-named fibrous materials by itself, and either dyed
or undyed or bleached or dyed or printed one or more colors before or after
spinning, may be twisted together with one or more yarns spun from wool,
hair, mohair, alpaca, cotton, flax, jute, or other known textile fibrous material
alone or in combination with one another, such last-named fibres being either
in the undyed or bleached state, or dyed or printed one color before or after
spinning, or dyed or printed various colors, and mixed before or during
spinning, as above described, this part of my Invention consisting in the
manufacture of mixed, mixed colored, "marled," or mottled and mixed twisted
or doubled yarns, when one or more of the component parts of such yarns are
composed, as above described, of one or more of the fibres taken from and
attached to and surrounding the seeds of the following plants, namely, the
"Beaumontia grandiflora," the "Calotropis gigantea," the "Stephanotus
floribunda," also the "Eriodendron samauma," the "Bombax," or "Salmania
malabaricum," and other varieties of the "Bombacere," also the fibre known
in India as the "doora" fibre.
The fourth part of my Invention consists in the application to the manu-
facture of knitting yarns, sewing threads, and what are known in the worsted
trade as Gwynappe and heald yarns, of the fibres taken from the stalks of
any or all of the following plants, either alone or in combination with other
fibres, namely, the "Boehmeria nivea," the Boehmeria puya," and other slightly
different varieties of the species "Boehmeria," order "Urticaceae," known as
"rhea fibre," the planis growing in India, Assam, and other parts of Eastern.
Asia; also in the application to the manufacture of knitting yarns, sewing
threads, and what are known in the worsted trade as "Gwynappe and heald.

page_text: yarns, of the fibres taken from the stalks or stems of any or all of the plants
which are described in the second part of my Invention, and in the application
of which the second part of my Invention consists, such fibres being used either
alone or in combination with other fibres.
The fibres after being prepared, treated, and combed, as described in the
second part of my Invention, must be spun according to this part of my Inven-
tion, either alone or in combination with one another, or with other fibres,
either undyed or dyed, or bleached or printed, as described in the second part
of my Invention, into knitting yarns, sewing threads, and what are known in
the worsted trade as Gwynappe and heald yarns, as I have found yarns so spun
to be valuable for the above purposes on account of their lustre and great
strength.
The fifth part of my Invention consists in the application to the manufacture
of knitting and imitation woollen yarns of the "noil" or refuse produced as
described in the second part of my Invention, in the combing of the fibres from
any or all of the various plants described in the second and fourth parts of my
Invention, and in the application of which those parts of my Invention consist,
the "noil" from such fibres being used either alone or in combination with
other fibres.
This part of my Invention also consists in the application to the manufacture
of knitting and imitation woollen yarns of the fibres taken from the pods,' and
attached to and surrounding the seeds of the "Eriodendron samauna," the
"Bombax" or "Salmania malabaricum," and other varieties of the "Bombacea "
order "Malvaceae," producing the material known as silk cotton, such fibres
being used in combination with other fibres of longer staple in order to give
them spinning properties. These fibres, after being prepared as described in
the third part of my Invention, must be spun either alone or in combination
with one another, or with other fibres, either undyed or dyed, or bleached or
printed, as described in the third part of my Invention into knitting and
imitation woollen yarns, such yarns having peculiar and valuable properties;
and I would here remark that by the term imitation woollen yarns is under-
stood yarns which are "scribbled," "condensed," and "slubbed," by woollen
and "shoddy machinery. I would also remark, that knitting yarns are a
distinct manufacture, and that the machinery used in such manufacture is
applicable to the spinning of yarns according to this part of my Invention.
The sixth part of my Invention consists in printing in one or more colors
yarns, either single or double, when such yarns are produced from the fibres of
any or all of the plants described in the second, third, and fourth parts of my
Invention, and in the application of which those parts of my Invention consist,

page_text: such fibres being used alone or in combination with other fibres, and being
prepared and spun as already described; and I would here remark, that in
printing yarns as above described, they may be printed so that when they are
arranged in a warp they will form a pattern, as is well understood.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Tongue in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
12th May 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, 1, WILLIAM
TONGUE, of Chryssell Road, Brixton, in the County of Surrey, Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twelfth day of November, in the year of our Lord.
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fifth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said William Tongue, Her special licence that I, the said William
Tongue, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said William Tongue, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PRINTED YARNS, AND IN THE APPLICATION OF
CERTAIN FIBROUS MATERIALS TO THE MANUFACTURE OF CERTAIN DESCRIPTIONS OF
YARNS AND THREADS," upon the condition, amongst others, that I, the said
William Tongue, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Tongue, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say:-
H
.f
The first part of my Invention consists in printing in one or more colors
slivers, slubbings, or rovings, of fibrous materials, such printed slivers,

page_text: slubbings, or rovings being afterwards drawn out and spun into yarns by
ordinary drawing and spinning machinery, as is well understood in drawing
and spinning ordinary slivers, slubbings, or rovings.
In carrying out this part of my Invention I would remark that I do not
confine myself to any particular arrangement of apparatus for printing
slivers, slubbings, or rovings, of fibrous material, as the means of accom-
plishing this may be greatly varied and adapted to the particular fibrous
materials which it is desired so to print. The "slivers," slubbings, or rovings
may be caused to travel step by step over a suitable table, and be printed
by ordinary block printing operations, or they may be operated upon by
ordinary printing rollers, or conducted between two or more printing rollers
or surfaces having color applied thereto, and in some cases it may be desirable
to enclose the slivers, "slubbings," or rovings between two fabrics whilst
being subjected to the process of printing according to my Invention. The
effect of such printing process being that when the slivers, slubbings, or
rovings are (after the printing process) drawn and spun into a yarn, the
various colours which may have been printed on such slivers, slubbings, or
rovings will be mingled together and form a marled or mottled yarn of an
improved character.
The second part of my Invention consists in the application to the manu-
facture of mixed yarns, mixed, colored, or "mottled " yarns, and mixed,
twisted, or doubled yarns of the fibres taken from the stems or shoots of any
or all (either alone or in combination with other fibres) of the following
plants, namely, the "Neilgherry. nettle," scientifically known as the "Urtica,"
or Girardinia heterophilla, the Marsdenia tenacissima, order Asclepia-
daceae, the fibre from which is known as "jettee fibre," and the "Pederia
foetida," order: Convolvulaceæ, the two last being creeping or climbing plants,
growing in Assam, Chittagong, and other parts of Eastern Asia, and the
Eastern Archipelago, the Calotropis gigantea, order Asclepiadaceæ, a plant
growing in all parts of the East Indian peninsula, the fibre from which
is known as the mudar or yercum fibre, and the Beaumontia "grandi-
flora," a tropical plant of the order Apocynaceæ. The fibres having been
removed from the stems of the above-mentioned plants, either by hand or by
machinery, may, according to this part of my Invention, be treated by any of
the well known steeping or retting processes; with or without the aid of
chemical solutions, but I prefer to treat the fibrous materials as described in
the Specification of a Patent granted to Francis Montgomery Jennings, dated
November 15th, 1852, No. 756, or as described in the Specification of a
Patent granted to Edward Blake, dated September 6th, 1859, No. 2036. The

page_text: above-named fibrous materials, after being prepared as described above, are
dressed, heckled, or combed on combing, heckling, or silk dressing machinery.
suited to the purpose, so as to split and refine the fibres; and I would here
remark that though many other descriptions of machinery are applicable to
this purpose, I prefer to use the machinery described in the Specification of a
Patent granted to Samuel Cunliffe Lister and James Warburton, dated
December 13th, 1859, No. 2832, the fibres being prepared for such machinery,
by the action of cording or gilling, or other toothed surfaces, or by drawing
operations, any of which operations are suited to the purpose, and are well
known and in common use; and I would also remark that in some cases
where it is desired to mix the above-named fibres with other fibres of short
staple, for spinning cotton or other short fibre spinning machinery, I find it
desirable to cut the before-named fibres to a suitable length for mixing with such
short stapled fibres. The above-named fibres may be cut after being dressed
or combed, and then mixed with one another, or with other fibres, by a carding
operation, or they may be carded separately, and then mixed in the drawing
or spinning operations, or they may be cut previously to the combing, heckling,
or dressing operations, and then carded and combed either alone or in com-
bination with one another, or with other fibrous materials, and if combed
alone they must be spun separately, or mixed in the subsequent drawing or
spinning operations, or the above-named fibrous materials may be reduced to
their ultimate staple, so as to be suitable for mixing with other short-stapled
fibres by treating with an alkali and an acid, or by the action of rollers and
water, or soap, or by other known means. 1 would also remark that the
"noils" or refuse from the combing operations of the above-named fibrous
materials may be treated in all respects similarly with "top" or cleaned fibre,
and may, if desired, be recombed, or may be mixed, dyed, or otherwise treated,
as herein described, without departing from the nature of this part of my
Invention. After the above-named fibrous materials have beer prepared and
dressed as above described 1 mix them in the undyed or bleached, or dyed or
printed state with one another, in any desired number or proportion, or they
may be mixed in the undyed or bleached, or dyed or printed state either alone
or in combination with one another, with either wool, hair, alpaca, mohair,
silk, flax, or jute, or any other known textile fibre suitably prepared, or with a
combination of any or all of these fibres in any desired proportion; this mixing
may be effected by drawing operations, as is well understood, and in some
cases I prefer to pass the fibrous materials (previously mixed by a drawing
operation) through a combing machine, so as thoroughly to intermix the
various fibrous materials for the purpose of spinning a mixed yarn, which, if

page_text: not dyed previous to spinning, may be subsequently dyed any desired color.
Any of the above-named fibres, previous to their being combed, dressed, or
heckled, or afterwards, may be dyed or printed various colors, and portions of
the same, or of the different fibres above mentioned, so dyed. or portions of
the dyed and undyed, or bleached fibres above named, may be mixed with one
another; or with silk, wool, hair, mohair, alpaca, cotton, flax, or jute, either
undyed, bleached, or dyed in one or various colors at the spinning operation,
or at any of the previous operations, as above described, so as to produce a
mixed colored yarn. Two or more yarns spun as above described, either
undyed, or dyed, or printed one or more colors, or bleached before or after
spinning, may be twisted together; or one or more yarns, spun as above
described, or spun from any one of the above-named fibrous materials by itself,
either undyed or dyed, or printed one or more colors or bleached before or
after spinning, may be twisted together with one or more yarns spun from
wool, hair, mohair, alpaca, silk, cotton, flax, jute, or other known textile
fibrous material, alone or in combination with one another, such last-named
fibrous materials being either in the undyed or bleached state, or dyed or
printed one color before or after spinning, or dyed or printed various colors,
and mixed before or during spinning as above described, this part of my
Invention consisting in the manufacture of mixed, colored, "marled," or
"mottled," and twisted or doubled yarns, when one or more of the component
parts of such yarns are composed of one or more of the fibrous materials taken
from the stems of the "Urtica," or Girardinia heterophilla, the Marsdenia
tenacissima, the Pederia foetida, the Calotropis gigantea, and the Beau-
montia grandiflora. Any of the above-named fibrous materials may, when
dressed, combed, or heckled, be spun wet, after the manner of flax, the
natural gum of the fibres being softened so as to cause the ultimate fibres to
be drawn from one another by the spinning or drawing rollers, such rollers
being set apart a distance, suitable to the length of the ultimate fibres of the
various materials above mentioned; but this part of my Invention does not
consist in so spinning such fibres, but in twisting one or more yarns so spun
with one or more yarns of the same fibrous materials, one or more of such
yarns being dyed different colors. This part of my Invention also consists in
twisting or doubling one or more yarns spun wet, as above described, from the
above-named fibrous materials, with one or more yarns spun from any other
known textile fibrous material, either alone or mixed in any way as above
described.
The third part of my Invention consists in the application to the manufac-
ture of mixed yarns, mixed, colored, or mottled yarns, and mixed, twisted, or

page_text: doubled yarns of the fibres obtained from the pods and surrounding the seeds
of the following plants and trees, namely, the Beaumontia grandiflora, a iro-
pical plant of the order "Apocynaceae," the Calotropis gigantea, order Ascle-
piadaceae, a plant growing in all parts of the East India peninsula, the
doora fibre, from Goozerat and other parts of India, the Stephanotus flori-
bunda, order Asclepiadaceæ, also the Eriodendron samauna, growing in
Brazil, the Bombax or Salmania malabaricum, growing in Assam and Eastern
Asia, and the other varieties of the "Bombaceae" order Malvaceae pro-
ducing the material known as silk or tree cotton. I mix the above-named
fibrous materials in the undyed or bleached, or dyed or printed state, with one
another in any desired number or proportion, or I mix them in the undyed or
bleached, or dyed or printed state, either alone or in combination with one
another, with any of the fibrous materials mentioned in the second part of my
Invention, or with wool, hair, alpaca, mohair, silk, flax, jute, or any other known
textile fibrous material suitably prepared, or with a combination of any or all
of these fibres in any desired proportion, such fibres as much exceed in
length the fibres, I propose to use being cut or otherwise reduced to a suitable
length as described in the second part of my Invention. The mixing of the
above-named fibres may be effected by a carding operation, or they may be
carded separately, and afterwards mixed in the drawing or spinning operations;
but I would here remark that I prefer to mix the fibres of the "Bombacea "
with other fibres of a suitable length, such as cotton or other fibres, at or pre-
vious to the carding operation, as from the shortness of their staple they are
difficult to deal with in any other manner, but when so mixed they may be
spun into yarns suitable either for woollen or other purposes, being peculiarly
remarkable for softness of texture. In some cases I prefer to comb the four
fibrous materials first named either after or before mixing with other fibrous
materials as above described, but this does not form part of my Invention.
Any of the fibres named in the commencement of the description of this part
of my Invention previous to their being carded, or afterwards, may be dyed or
printed various colors, and portions of the same, or of the different fibres so
dyed or printed, or portions of the dyed or printed and undyed or bleached
fibres, may be mixed with one another, or with silk, wool, hair, mohair, alpaca,
cotton, flax, jute, or other known textile fibrous materials, undyed or bleached,
or dyed or printed in one or various colors at the spinning operation, or at any
of the previous operations, as above described. Two or more yarns spun as
above described may be twisted together, or one or more yarns spun as above
described or spun from any one of the above-named fibrous materials by itself, and

page_text: either dyed or undyed, or bleached or dyed, or printed one or more colors before
or after spinning may be twisted together with one or more yarns spun from wool,
hair, mohair, alpaca, cotton, flax, jute, or other known textile fibrous material,
alone or in combination with one another, such last-named fibres being either
in the undyed or bleached state, or dyed or printed one color before or after
spinning, or dyed or printed various colors and mixed before or during spinning,
as above described, this part of my Invention consisting in the manufacture
of mixed, colored, "marled" or mottled, and mixed, twisted or double yarns,
when one or more of the component parts of such yarns are composed as above
described of one or more of the fibres attached to and surrounding the seeds of
the following plants; namely, the Beaumontia grandiflora, the Calotropis
gigantea, the Stephanotus floribunda, also the Eriodendron samauna, the
Bombax, or Salmania malabaricum, and other varieties of the Bombacea,
also the fibre known in India as the "doora " fibre.
The fourth part of my Invention consists in the application to the manufac-
ture of knitting yarns, sewing threads, and what are known in the worsted
trade as Gwynappe and heald yarns of the fibres taken from the stalks of any
or all of the following plants, either alone or in combination with other fibres;
namely, the Behmeria neva, the Boehmeria puya, and other slightly dif
ferent varieties of the species of Boehmeria, order Urticacæ, known as rhca
fibre, the plants growing in India, Assam, and other parts of Eastern Asia,
also in the application to the manufacture of knitting yarns, sewing threads,
and what are known in the worsted trade as Gwynappe and heald yarns, of the
fibres taken from the stalks or stems of any or all of the plants which are de-
scribed in the second part of my Invention, and in the application of which the
second part of my Invention consists, such fibres being used either alone or in
combination with other fibres. The fibres after being prepared, treated, and
combed as described in the second part of my Invention, must be spun accord-
ing to this part of my Invention, either alone or in combination with one
another, or with other fibres, undyed or dyed, or bleached or printed, as de-
scribed in the second part of my Invention into knitting yarns, sewing threads;
and what are known in the worsted trade as Gwynappe and heald yarns, as I
have found yarns so spun to be valuable for the above purposes on account of
their lustre and great strength.
"
The fifth part of my Invention consists in the application to the manufacture
of knitting, and what I call imitation woollen yarns, of the "noil" or refusc
produced, as described in the second part of my Invention, in the combing of
the fibres from any or all of the various plants described in the second and

page_text: fourth parts of my Invention, and in the applications of which those parts of my
Invention consist, the "noil" from such fibres being used either alone or in
combination with other fibres.
This part of my Invention also consists in the application to the manufacture
of knitting, and what I call imitation woollen yarns, of the fibres contained in
the pods and attached to and surrounding the seeds of the Eriodendron
saumauna, the Bombax, or Salmania malabaricum, and other varieties of the
Bombaceae, order Malvaceæ, producing the material known as "silk cotton."
such fibres being used in combination with other fibres of longer staple in
order to give them spinning properties. These fibres. after being prepared as
described in the third part of my Invention, must be spun either alone or in
combination with one another or with other fibres, either undyed or dyed, or
bleached or printed, as described in the third part of my Invention, into knit-
ting, and into what I call imitation woollen yarns, such yarns having peculiar
and valuable properties; and I would here remark that by the term "imitation
woollen yarns" is understood yarns which are scribbled," "condensed," and
"slubbed," by woollen and "shoddy," machinery. I would also remark that
knitting yarns are a distinct manufacture, and that the machinery used in such
manufacture is applicable to the spinning of yarns according to this part of my
Invention.
"
The sixth part of my Invention consists in printing in one or more colors
yarns, either single or double, when such yarns are produced from the fibres of
any or all of the plants described in the second, third, and fourth parts of my
Invention, and in the applications of which those parts of my Invention con-
sist, such fibres being used alone or in combination with other fibres, and
being prepared and spun as already described; and I would here remark
that in printing yarns as above described they may be printed so that when
they are arranged in a warp they will form a pattern, as is well understood.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Tongue, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Tenth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
Witness,
J. G. TONGUE, Patent Agent,
34, Southampton Buildings, W.C.
WILLIAM TONGUE. (L.S.)