A COMPOUND DUPLEX MACHINE FOR SEWING AND STITCHING
Year: 1864

page_text: ETTERS PATENT to Thomas Franklin Hodge, of No. 25, Cannon
Street, in the City of London, Engineer, for the Invention of "A
COMPOUND DUPLEX MACHINE FOR SEWING AND STITCHING." - A commu-
nication from abroad by Richard Mott Wanzer, of Hamilton, Canada
West, in Her Majesty's Colony of North America.
Sealed the 16th September 1864, and dated the 16th July 1864.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Thomas Franklin Hodge
11 at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and
Declaration, on the 16th July 1864, pursuant to the 9th Section of the
Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
FRANKLIN HODGE, of No. 25, Cannon Street, in the City of London, Engineer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "A COMPOUND DUPLEX
MACHINE FOR SEWING AND STITCHING," and have petitioned Her Majesty to
grant unto me, my executors, administrators, and assigns, Her Royal Letters
Patent for the same; and have made solemn declaration that the same is a
communication to me from abroad by Richard Mott Wanzer, of Hamilton,
Canada West, in Her Majesty's Colony of North America.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Franklin Hodge, do hereby
declare that the following Complete Specification under my hand and seal
fully describes and ascertains the nature of the said Invention, and in what

page_text: manner the same is to be performed, in and by the following statement,
reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures
and letters marked thereon, that is to say :-
My Invention consists of a machine for sewing and stitching, and is so
constructed in its combination of parts to effect a double chain stitch with two
threads; also by changing the arrangement of parts slightly I effect or produce
a stitch which is termed a turn-over or button-hole stitch, adapted to the
edging of blankets, garments, or edging around a button hole, the before-
mentioned stitches being effected with the same machine and is a combination
machine to effect the objects herein specified, which are,―
Firstly, the chain stitch running from two separate threads.
Secondly, the turn-over or button-hole stitch.
Figure 1, a side elevation of the machine; Figure 2, a sectional elevation
through the line 1 and 2; Figure 3, a plan shewing the looper needle,
quadrant rack, pinion, and looper needle shaft; Figure 4, a front elevation of
the machine; Figure 5, an enlarged view of the hook needle, shewing the
two eyes and recess or groove for carrying the thread; Figure 6, a plan of
the same; Figure 7, an enlarged view of the looper needle, shewing the eyes
at the heel and point, also the recess on the top for the thread to pass through
between the two eyes, which is also shewn on plan in Figure 8 (Chapter 1)..:
A, A, the base of the machine, from which project two standards B and B'.
On the top of the latter standard is affixed and projecting towards the front of
the machine an arm C, on the outer end of which is attached the pressure
foot D, with its lifting and taking-up motion D' to keep a proper tension on
the thread between the two standards B and B². Working on two centres F
and F is a rocking shaft G, which is actuated on by means of a lever H, on
the end of which is a differential cam slot at I, so formed as to transpose the
motion from a regular circular crank movement to an irregular movement,
such as is essentially necessary in the action of the needle of a sewing machine;
into this differential slot works a friction roller and pin J affixed on to and
eccentric from the centre of the crank plate K, which crank plate is affixed
on to the end of the driving shaft L, which shaft works into bearings in the
two front standings M and N, which are cast on to the bed or base of the
machine marked A, A, as before described; on to this driving shaft is
affixed the driving pulley O and cams P, Q, R, and S, which actuate all the
various movements in forming the stitches named aforesaid. If it be required
to arrange the machine to sew a turn-over or button-hole stitch, I put'the
spool T on the back spindle U, taking the thread therefrom, and pass the
end through the tension wheels D₁ (once round), 'then through the eye of

page_text: .:
the needle V, as in all ordinary sewing machines. There is attached to the
stud W, affixed to the under side of the platform, pin X, on to which oscillates
a bevil quadrant rack Y, which is operated on by the cam P by means of the
undulations on its face moving the said quadrant rack with a forward and
backward' movement, actuating the pinion a on the end of the looper needle
shaft b. On to the other end of this shaft is affixed the looper needle c; and'
which when reciprocating passes up through a hole in the throat plate d, and
over the edge of the cloth e to be so hemmed, and then down again under the
throat plate d. This turn-over or button-hole stitch is effected by the com-
bined action of the needle. V on the radial arm C and the reciprocating
looper needle c; each needle carrying its own thread. The needle V on the
árm of the machine is threaded in the ordinary manner with thread from the
spool T. The thread from the other spool F goes first through the eye in
the stud 9, then through an eye in an end of a tension spring, and thence
through a hole h in the heel of the looper needle, thence through a spiral
groove on the back of this needle, and thence through the eye jat its point,
as shewn in the detail Figures 7 and. 8. By the combined action of the
quadrant arm Y and the pinion. a, the looper shaft 6 and looper needle c
receives a reciprocating radial movement from the centre of the looper shaft b,
which passes the point of the looper needle up through the throat plate & over
the edge of the cloth e, forming a loop as it descends by the slack when the
needle on the needle arm C passes between the looper needle and the loop
formed by it, while the middle V on the arm conveys a second thread through
this loop, and then through the cloth. In fact the loop that is formed by
the looper needle c is sewn down over the edge by the straight needle V; by
this means an ornamental turn-over stitch is sewn over the edges of garments
and blankets or any other material requiring such stitching.
i
In order to stitch the internal edges of a button hole the hole is cut in the
ordinary manner to the desired size, and is placed over the spredder k, the
point of which should be directly over the back curve of the looper needle.
The stitching of the button hole is effected with ease by merely turning and
guiding the cloth around the spreader k when at each end of the button hole,
the straight sewing being effected by the feed in the ordinary way. There is
an essential feature in the pressure foot D adapted to this kind of stitching
over the edges of cloth, and more especially the edges of button holes, which is
that by lifting it up by the nob l'the gibb piece m passes the baynot slot 4, and
allows the pressure foot to be turned out of the way so the button hole may be
placed over the end of the spreader k, when the pressure foot D may be again.
turned and dropped down on its place with ease.
"

page_text: In order to effect a stitch with two threads, termed the two-threaded chain
stitch, I throw the looper needle c out of gear or connection with the cam P
by means of the lock-piece o, which pulls the quadrant radial rack Y and
friction roller p from the cam P when the lock-piece o is turned around at the
back of the stud W, and holds it there until it is again required for use;
this disconnects the looper needle to give place for the throwing in of the
hook needle q into contact, and behind the cam, and as shewn in Fig. 1. This
hook needle is also constructed so as to be thrown in and out of gear at
pleasure by being hung on a radius pin and hinge-piece s. There are two
movements given to this hook needle 7 by the cams R and S, which move-
ments are reciprocating both longitudinally and transversely. The one motion
is produced by the grooved cam 'R, and the other by the underlating face
cam S. This double-thread chain stitch is accomplished by the combined
action of the needle V and hook needle. q. The needle V on the radial
arm descends through the cloth on the right-hand side of the point of the
book needle, and between the thread that passes through the same, and
forward of a loop previously formed by the needle V, which loop is. held on
the point (or nearly so) of the book needle q. As the needle V. descends the
hook needle q recedes, the loop previously formed is slipped off or released
from the point of the hook needle q, (the needle V still descending through
the loop, while the hook needle q receives a motion laterally from left to right,
when a slight ascension of the needle V forms a loop of the thread that passes
through the eyes t and u and groove of the same. Through this loop the
hook needle 9 passes on the right hand side of the needle V, when it ascends
through the cloth, while the hook needle g holds the loop, and then passes
lat rally from left to right, when the needle V again descends as before
described, forming what termed the "chain stitch." By the combined action
of the two needles and threads, the one having a lateral movement from left
to right and right to left in combination with a reciprocating movement
passing a second thread in and out of a loop formed by the up-and-down
needle through the cloth. The tightening of each stitch is by the raising of
the arm C producing a proper tension on the thread. The feed motion is
the ordinary four-motion feed, and is effected by the undulations on the face
of the cam working against a tappett piece to push the feed, forward, while
the undulations on the edge of the cam Q produces the upward movement,
the feed being brought back by a spiral spring, which produces what is
technically termed the four-motion feed.
•
Having now described the nature and particulars of my said Invention, I
wish it to be distinctly understood that I do not confine myself to the exact

page_text: details of parts or the peculiar conformation of the machine, as such may be
varied or modified without departing from the principles thereof; but what I
claim as new in machines for sewing and stitching is,―
Firstly, the stitching of the. turn-over or button-hole stitch by the combined
action of the needle on the radial arm and the "looper" needle and its
attendant movements derived from the quadrant radial rack and pinion,
giving motion to the looper needle and looper shaft, as herein set forth and
fully shewn in the Drawings.
Secondly, the sewing of a chain stitch with two threads by the combined
action of the needle on the radial arm and the hook needle with its peculiar
reciprocating, longitudinal, and transverse movements to effect the chain
stitch, as fully described and set forth and shewn in the Drawings.
Thirdly, the peculiar form and construction of the "looper" needle with
its eye at the heel in connection with the groove on the back and eye at its
point, as fully described and shewn in the Drawings.
Fourthly, the peculiar construction of the hook needle with its eye at the
heel and point in connection with the groove on the side, as fully set forth
and shewn in the Drawings.
Fifthly, the combination in one machine of the elements to effect the two
kinds of stitches (viz.) the turn-over or button-hole stitch and the two-
threaded chain stitch, and the manner of changing the movements of the
machine to effect either of the above-named stitches.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Franklin Hodge, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of July, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four:
THODGE
(7.0)