Improvements in Steam or Power Pumps.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 3rd Sept., 1887
Complete Specification Left, 4th June, 1888
Complete Specification Accepted, 24th Aug.. 1888
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Steam or Power Pumps.
We, WILLIAM CLARKE, of Victoria Works, Gateshead-on-Tyne, Engineer, JOHN
BROKENSHIRE FURNEAUX, of Victoria Works, aforesaid, Engineer, and CHARLES
DowSEN, of 5, Deckham Terrace, Gateshead-on-Tyne, aforesaid, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:―
This invention relates to an improved construction and arrangement of steam or
power pumps wherein suction and delivery valves are dispensed with, the pistons or
plungers being formed with cavities for the passage of water, the arrangement being
such that the suction and delivery to and from one cylinder (in a duplex pump) takes
place transversely through the other cylinder and through the cavities in the piston or
plunger thereof. Such pumps may be constructed in various forms. For the purpose
of enabling the nature of the invention to be understood, we will describe generally
an arrangement of a duplex pump according thereto. The two water cylinders are
adjacent to each other and the pistons or plungers may be described as each com-
prising three cylindrical parts connected together by two transverse ribs or webs
situate at right angles to each other in such a manner that there are formed four
cavities or openings in each piston or plunger, the arrangement being such that the
central or intermediate cylindrical part of the plunger is separated from the two other
cylindrical parts (which form the top and bottom of the piston) by the two above
mentioned transverse ribs or webs.
The cylinders are provided with suitably formed water passages and with ports or
openings; the latter are in the case of each cylinder alternately opened and closed
by the passage of the central cylindrical part and the edges of the dividing ribs or
webs of the corresponding piston or plunger during its stroke in such a manner that
water in its passage to or from the top or bottom (when vertically arranged) of either
cylinder passes through the passages formed through the other cylinder and trans-
versely through its piston or plunger.
In order to explain this action of the pistons or plungers ports and passages we
will assume that the arrangement is vertical; that water enters the pump on the right

page_text: hand side and is delivered on the left, that the pistons are placed with the lower
dividing rib or web of each of them in a direct line from right to left, and the upper
dividing rib or web of each of them in a direct line from front to back; also that
both pistons have been at rest, that the left hand piston is to lead, and that it com-
mences its upward stroke from the bottom. Then with the arrangement indicated,
water will be drawn into the lower part of the left hand cylinder through an inlet on
the right hand of the pump, thence through the right hand cavity in the upper part
of the right hand piston, and thence through a suitably formed passage in the casing
of the pump to the under-side of the left hand piston.
At the same time the water (caused to enter by a previous stroke) at the top of the
left hand cylinder will be delivered, by the upward stroke of the left hand piston,
through a suitably formed passage into and through the left hand top cavity in the
right hand cylinder and thence through a suitably formed passage in the casing of
the pump to the delivery pipe.
When the piston has reached the top limit of its stroke and commences its return
or downward movement, water will be drawn to the upper part of the left hand
cylinder from the inlet through the front cavity in the lower part of the right hand
piston, and thence by a suitably formed passage in the casing to the upper part of
the left hand cylinder, while at the same time the water at the lower part of the left
hand cylinder (drawn in by the upward stroke of the piston) will be delivered (by a
suitable passage) through the hinder or back cavity of the lower part of the right
hand piston, and thence through another suitably formed passage to the delivery
pipe.
During the stroke of the left hand piston, the right hand piston will be acting in a
similar manner, and there will in consequence be a continuous flow of water which
will be maintained during the whole action of the pump.
It will be evident that pumps according to this invention may be variously modified
to adapt them for use under different circumstances and conditions.
Dated this 2nd danc
A D 1007
W. LLOYD WISE,
Per F. J. Brougham,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C.,
Agent for the Applicants."

page_text: Improvements in Steam or Power Pumps.
We, WILLIAM CLARKE of Victoria Works, Gateshead-on-Tyne Engineer, JOHN
BROKENSHIRE FURNEAUX of Victoria Works, aforesaid, Engineer, and CHARLES
DowSEN of Deckhan Terrace, Gateshead-on-Tyne, aforesaid, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention relates to an improved construction and arrangement of steam or
power pumps wherein suction and delivery valves are dispensed with, the pistons or
plungers being formed with cavities for the passage of water, the arrangement being
such that the suction and delivery to and from one cylinder in a duplex pump tako
place transversely through the other cylinder and through the cavities in the piston or
plunger thereof. Such pumps may be constructed in various forms. For the purpose
of enabling the nature of the invention to be understood, we will describe generally
an arrangement of a duplex pump according thereto. The two water cylinders are
adjacent to each other and the pistons or plungers (hereinafter called plungers) may
be described as each comprising three cylindrical parts connected together by two
transverse ribs or webs situate at right angles to each other in such a manner that
there are formed four cavities or openings in each plunger, the arrangement being
such that the central or intermediate cylindrical part of the plunger is separate 1 from
the two other cylindrical parts (which form the top and bottom of the piston) by the
two above mentioned transverse ribs or webs.
The cylinders are provided with suitably formed water passages and with ports or
openings; the latter are in the case of each cylinder alternately opened and closed by
the passage of the central cylindrical part and the edges of the dividing ribs or webs
of the corresponding plunger during its stroke in such a manner that water in its
passage to or from the top or bottom (when vertically arranged) of either cylinder
passes through the passages formed through the other cylinder and transversely through
its plunger.
It will be evident that pumps according to this invention may be variously modified
to adapt them for use under different circumstances and conditions.
In order that the nature of this invention may be understood, reference is had to
the accompanying four sheets of illustrative drawings in which Figures 1 and 2
represent in longitudinal section, on the line E. F. of Figure 3 the respective halves
of pump cylinders constructed in accordance with this invention and suitable for use
when liquid is not required to be pumped against any considerable heal or pressure ;
the plungers are removed in order to more clearly shew the ports or openings formed
in the cylinders.

page_text: Figure 3 is a transverse section on the line G. H. of Figures 1 and 2.
Figures 4, 5 and illustrate respectively in side elevation; cross section in the
line A. B. Figure 6; and in longitudinal section in the line C. D. Figure 5 the
construction of a plunger one of which is used in each cylinder.
Figures 7, 8 and 9; Figures 10, 11 and 12; Figures 13, 14 and 15; and
Figures 16, 17 and 18 are similar views to Figures 1, 2 and 3 excepting that
Figures 9, 12, 15 and 18 are sections on the lines G. H. of the other Figures; they
serve to illustrate the relative positions of the plungers (shewn within the cylinders) at
various parts of their strokes.
Figures 19 to 25 illustrate a modification hereinafter described. Like letters
designate like parts on all the figures.
Referring to Figures 1 to 6, 1 and 2 are a pair of pump cylinders, each of which
Of these
is formed with six ports viz. O, Q, Y, P, RT, and S, Y, O¹, W, R¹, T.
ports O leads from the centre of No. 1 cylinder to the bottom of No. 2 cylinder
where it terminates in the port O¹; P is a suction port at the centre of No. 1 cylinder;
Q is a delivery port at the centre of No. 1 cylinder; R is a port leading from the
centre of No. 1 to top of No. 2 cylinder where it terminates in the port R¹; S is a
delivery port in No. 2 cylinder; T is a port leading from the centre of No. 2 to
the bottom of No. 1 cylinder where it terminates in the port T¹. Y is a port leading
from centre of No. 2 to the top of No. 1 cylinder where it terminates in the port Y¹
and W is a suction port at the centre of No. 2 cylinder. X and Z are the inlet and
delivery openings respectively.
Each plunger (Figures 4, 5 and 6) comprises three
connected together by the transverse ribs or webs d, e.
arranged at right angles to each other as shewn so as
openings A A¹, B, B¹.
cylindrical parts a, b, c,
These ribs or wobs are
form four cavities or
to
As will be seen from the drawing the length of the central portion b of the plunger
is about equal to the length of the ports or openings O, Q, S, Y, P, R, T, W in the
cylinders and the thickness of the transverse ribs or webs d and e is somewhat
less than the space or distance between two adjacent ports or openings in the
cylinders.
From this construction it will readily be seen that as the plungers are reciprocated
in the cylinders (the transverse webs or ribs being arranged to work on the portions
of the cylinders separating the ports) opposite and adjacent ports in each cylinder will
be alternately brought into communication with each other through the cavities or
openings in the plungers.
In order to explain the working of the pump for the delivery of fluid, for example
water, we will assume that the cylinders are vertical, that water enters at X; and is
delivered at Z; that the plungers are placed with their dividing rib or web d. each in a
direct line from right to left (as shewn in Figures 7 and 8 and the lower part of
Figure 9) and with their ribs or webs e each in a direct line from front to back as
shewn in Figures 7 and 8 and the upper part of Figure 9; that both pistons have
been at rest; that the plunger in No. 2 cylinder is the leading plunger; and that both
plungers are moving downward No. being at the commencement of its stroke and
No. 2 at half stroke in advance. Then with the arrangement indicated water in the
bottom of No. 2 cylinder will be forced out through the port O¹ in No. 2 cylinder
(see Figures 7, 8 and 9) and as the rib or web e of No. 1 plunger is at that part of its
stroke opposite the central ports as shewn in Figure 9 the water from the bottom of
No. 2 cylinder will be forced upward through the port O across the central part
of No. 1 cylinder into the delivery port Q and out through the delivery orifice Z. At
the same time water will be drawn into the top of No. 2 cylinder following the
plunger, because as shewn in Figures 8 and 9, the ports R and R' are now in direct
communication with the suction port P.
When No. 1 plunger which follows No. 2 at one half stroke interval, commences
to descend, it forces the water out of the bottom of No. 1 cylinder (see Figures 8 and 9)
through the port T¹ and as the rib or web d of No. 2 plunger is across the centre of

page_text: No. 2 cylinder as shewn in Figure 9 the water will pass through the port T across
No. 2 cylinder to the delivery port S (Fig. 9) and out through the outlet Z at the
same time No. 1 plunger will be drawing water into the top of No. 1 cylinder through
the port Y because the port Y in communication therewith will at this part of the
stroke be in direct communication with the suction port W (see Figures 7 and 9)
owing to the position of the rib or web d of No. 2 plunger. As soon as No. 1
plunger passes the centro of its stroke No. 2 plunger will begin to ascend (See
Figures 10, 11 and 12). The water in the top of No. 2 cylinder will then be forced
through the port R¹ to the port R and across the centre of No. 1 cylinder into
the delivery port Q and out through the outlet Z see Figure 12. Water will at the
same time be drawn into the bottom of No. 2 cylinder through the port O¹ which will
then be in direct communication with the suction port P by way of the port O and the
cavity in No. 1 plunger, see Figure 12. When No. 2 plunger passes the centre of its
stroke No. 1 plunger will commence to ascend (Figures 13, 14 and 15) and force the
water out of the top of No. 1 cylinder through the port Y₁ to the port Y across
the centre of No. 2 cylinder and into the delivery port S and out through the outlet Z.
Water will at the same time be drawn into the bottom of No. 1 cylinder on account of
the ports T and T being in direct communication with the suction port W (as shown
in Figures 14 and 15). When No. 1 plunger has passed the centre of its return
stroke No. 2 plunger will have completed its return stroke and commenced to move
down, (Figures 16, 17 and 18) and will force the water in the bottom of No. 2 cylinder
through port O¹ to the port O and across the centre of No. 1 cylinder to the delivery
port and out through the outlet Z (Figure 18). At the same time water will
be drawn into the top of No. 2 cylinder through the ports R' and R which are
in direct communication with the suction port P (Figure 18). When No. 2 plunger
arrives at the middle of its stroke the cycle of operations hereinbefore described will
be recommenced.
"
In order to maintain sufficient tightness of the plungers circumferentially and to
relieve them from lateral pressure when they are used for pumping liquid against a
considerable pressure or head, the cylinders and their plungers are preferably
constructed as represented on sheet 4 in which Figures 19 and 20 are longitudinal
sections in the line A. B of Figure 21 of the respective halves of the two cylinders;
and Figure 21 is a transverse section thereof in the line C. D of figures 19 and 20.
Figures 22 and 23 are side elevations of the opposite sides of a plunger adapted for
use in one of the cylinders. Figures 24 and 25 are sections at right angles to each
other Figure 24 being a section in the line E. F. of Figure 23 and Figure 25 a
section on the line G. H. of Figure 24. Each cylinder in this case is formed at
its central portion with two recesses L L' arranged at right angles to each other.
Each plunger comprises two split rings or cylinders J¹ and J' capable of expanding so
as to form a fluid tight joint with the interior of its cylinder. Each ring or cylinder
is formed with two cavities or openings for the passage of fluid, those marked A A¹
in J¹ being at right angles to those marked B B in the other J.-These cavities
or openings distribute the water in a similar manner to those in the plungers
bereinbefore described. The plungers are each formed with recesses K K¹ arranged
at right angles with each other and corresponding with the recesses L L in the
cylinders. The liquid under pressure is admitted to each of these recesses through a
hole drilled at S, and counterbalances the lateral pressure on the plungers due to the
passage of water through the cavities or openings A A¹ and B B₁. The central
hollow portion O of each ring is formed with an opening M (Figure 24) for the
entrance of fluid thereto for the purpose of expanding the ring and ensuring a good
joint circumferentially.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said Inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is.―
In a steam or power pump of the kind in which the piston of one cylinder is made

page_text: to serve as a valve for another cylinder the arrangement of pistons ports and passages
substantially as hereinabove described whereby the suction and delivery to and from
one cylinder are caused to take place in the manner set forth transversely through
another cylinder and its piston.
Dated this 31st day of May 1888.
WILLIAM CLARKE.
JOHN B. FURNEAUX.
W. Lloyd Wise,
Per F. J. Brougham,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C.,
Agent for the Applicants.