matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLING STOCK FOR RAILWAYS AND TRAMWAYS
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Friedrich Carl Glaser, of Berlin, in the Kingdom of
Prussia and Empire of Germany, Engineer and Patent Solicitor, for an
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLING STOCK FOR RAILWAYS AND
TRAMWAYS." A communication from Georg Thomas, of Mainz, in the
Empire of Germany.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Friedrich Carl Glaser at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th September 1880.
FRIEDRICH CARL GLASER, of Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia and Empire of
Germany, Engineer and Patent Solicitor. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLING STOCK
FOR RAILWAYS AND TRAMWAYS." A communication from Georg Thomas, of Mainz,
in the Empire of Germany.
The Invention has for its object a steam carriage which may run on a main
and branch lines with the speed of ordinary passenger_trains, and which may
replace a railway train where there is no great traffic. For this purpose a small
locomotive engine of special construction and a passenger carriago with two stories
are combined in such a manner that they may either be connected and used as a
steam carriage or applied separately, the former as a locomotive and the latter as
an ordinary railway carriage. If used separately a reserve axle is applied to the
front of the engine and couplings, buffers, &c., to the back, the engine being
preferably constructed with only one driving axle situated at the back thereof.
The corresponding side of the carriage proper is also provided with removable
couplings and buffers. The boiler of the locomotive part may be similar to an
ordinary locomotive boiler, but is preferably placed above the driving axle and
parallel with the latter, the stand of the driver being in front of the locomotive,
while the feed water tanks belong to the underframe of the locomotive and are
placed right and left of the cylinders.
The locomotive part and the carriage proper are connected with their underframes
preferably by fish-plates and bolts, and also with their superstructure, the upper

page_text: storey of the carriage proper communicating with the locomotive by a door which
gives access to the roof of the engine cab, the latter being accessible from the
stand of the driver through a door. A speaking tube is also applied passing from
the back of the carriage to the stand of the driver. If the locomotive part and
the carriage proper are connected the feed water is drawn from a tank placed
under the carriage near the centre of the underframe, and communicating by pipes
with two vertical cisterns placed right and left near the front axle of the carriage,
and having feed openings situated at a suitable height at the sides of the carriage,
through which openings the feed water is introduced. This arrangemont of the
water tank and cisterns is adapted with the object of keeping the centre of gravity
as much as possible constant in spite of the varying load of water.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPLIANCES OR APPARATUS FOR CLEANING DRAINS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Wilson Murray at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st December 1880.
GEORGE WILSON MURRAY, of the Town and County of Banff, North Britain,
Agricultural Implement Maker. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
APPLIANCES OR APPARATUS FOR CLEANING DRAINS."
This said Invention relates to improvements in the construction of the linked
metal, or equivalent, rods or bars heretofore used for cleaning and removing the
collected obstructive matter or debris from the interior of drains or drain pipes,
especially such as those used in the drainage of land, and the removal of the iron ore
deposit, soil, stones, silt sand, and such like obstructions to the passage of the water or
liquid through them; and the present improvements are designed to enable such
operations to be more easily and efficiently performed than has hitherto been the
case.
The said cleaners are as usual made of light wrought iron rods or bars of various
lengths, as from one to five feet, according to the sizes and bends or character of the
tiles, drain pipes, or sewers to be cleaned by them, but linked together in an
improved manner at their ends by a close eye and an open eye or hook, so as to
be easily coupled on to each other as they are added to and lengthened for inserting
them into the drain or duct to be cleaned, and so as to be capable of moving at
the joints, to freely turn at the bends, and yet not be capable of separating by
their motion or while turning the bends. And a further important novelty of the
Invention consists in forming on or attaching or jointing to the said rods, preferably
at or near their jointed ends, short lateral prongs, arrow "rose" barbs or points,
or grappling projections, set so as to project downwards or outwards, to catch and
agitate or grapple the deposits or obstructions in the drain, and allow the water or
liquid to flow and carry these off with the water as they are loosened. But it will
also answer in some instances to make the grappling prongs to project at various
angles all round the rods or bars, and be fitted at other parts along them than at
the link ends, although this is considered best and easiest of construction,
especially when forged on the bars; and these prongs might be formed either
sharp, blunt, or curved at the points, so as to glide freely through the drains or
pipes, and yet loosen and grapple the obstructive material without catching into

page_text: the joints of the drains while being pulled or moved within these otherwise as
usual by hand.
In some cases these new or improved jointed cleaning rods or bars (as for drains
which are much curved or have open joints), might have mere knobs formed or
fixed on the sides of their jointed ends or other parts, which would glide past
these; or in other cases these projections might be dispensed with altogether, in
which case the improved moving joints and the rods alone would suffice to displace
the obstructing matters within the drains.
AN IMPROVED CUT OFF MOTION FOR STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Bentley and George Bentley
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th January 1880.
JOHN BENTLEY and GEORGE BENTLEY, both of Bury, in the County of Lancaster.
"AN IMPROVED CUT OFF MOTION FOR STEAM ENGINES."
Our Invention consists in so connecting the governor and the throttle valve that
the governor does not act upon the throttle valve until the engine commences to
run beyond its usual speed. In the fork of the governor rod, which partly encloses
the clip, we form vertical slots, or with horizontal governors horizontal slots, in
which the pins on the clip slide up and down; the pins do not act upon the rod
until the engine attains too high a speed when the pins come against the top of the
slots and raise one end of the governor rod and instantly shut off the steam.
use a spring, weight, or lever to open the throttle valve when the governor drops.
We place the fulcrum of the governor rod nearer to the governor than to the
throttle valve in order to make it act more rapidly. The governor rod may be
connected to the governor and the slot made at the throttle valve end, or links or
levers may be so arranged as to obtain the same result.
We
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MOULDS FOR MOULDING BUILDING ORNAMENTS AND OTHER ARTICLES FROM CONCRETE, CLAY, AND SIMILAR MATERIALS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Ormerod at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd June 1880.
EDWARD ORMEROD, of Victoria Road, Battersea Park, in the County of Surrey.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MOULDS FOR MOULDING BUILDING
ORNAMENTS AND OTHER ARTICLES FROM CONCRETE, CLAY, AND SIMILAR
MATERIALS."
This Invention consists in improvements in the manufacture of moulds for
moulding ornaments for building purposes, cups for domestic uso, and other articles
from concrete, clay, and similar materials, whereby the said moulds are rendered
more durable than those manufactured in the ordinary way.
Instead of forming the moulds of wood, iron, plaster, or any material at present
employed for that purpose, this Invention consists in manufacturing them of a
combination of natural metallic sulphides (either singly or mixed) with sulphur.
The sulphides I prefer to employ are those of iron and copper, which are ground to
an impalpable powder, and are then combined by any suitable mechanical means
with the sulphur while the latter is at a melting point, the compound so formed
possesses, when cooled, great hardness and tenacity. The proportion of the sulphur
combined with the metallic sulphide or sulphides, may vary from ten to forty per
cent.
The model is formed in the usual way, and having. been oiled and prepared in
the ordinary manner, the above described compound is poured on to the face thereof,
and in due time the model is removed, thus leaving the mould completed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE-COLLARS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Eugène Paquis at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 1st May 1880.
EUGÈNE PAQUIS, Harness-maker, of Humbécourt, in the Department of La Haute,
Marne, France. "IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE-COLLARS."
My Invention relates to certain improvements applied to horse-collars, whereby
the collar may be easily lengthened or shortened, as may be required, and traction
facilitated.
My improved horse-collar is provided with hopper boxes, serving as sliders for
increasing or lessening the size of the collar. Steel or other fittings carry a rack
for moving the box, and a safety spring is provided for keeping the collar extended.
Each sliding box is raised or lowered by the aid of a lever actuating a pinion in
gear with the rack, and the axle of which is riveted to the box. When the lever
is placed vertically the spring falls into safety-notches, from which it is lifted as
the pinion moves the rack. Slots are made to receive the stem of the tug, with
stop-notches for regulating the draught of the horse, according to the various sizes,
and a brace secured to the collar by an axle at the junction of the two parts of
the collar is pierced with two holes to receive a bolt, fixing the collar as enlarged
or diminished.
I also provide my collar with an improved spring tug, composed :-
1. Of a harnessing book, termed artillery hook. 2. Of a spiral spring, serving
to give to the said hook an elastic movement for preventing horses from nipping
themselves at starting, the result of which is to make young horses jib; the use of
this spring completely prevents this, and with it the sores which horses often havo
on the shoulders, and which are largely due to this cause. 3. Of a nut, which
serves to support the hook, and simultaneously stretch the spiral spring.
.
4. Of
a stem passing through part of the collar, and having a key or cotter entering into
a notch of the slot made to receive this stem. 5. Of a spring keeping the tug
always in its notch or seat. And, 6. Of the band of the stem of the hook.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BROOMS, BRUSHES, AND THE LIKE, OF WHISK, BROOM-CORN, BRISTLES, OR OTHER SIMILAR MATERIALS
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Deaves Gallagher, of King William Street, in
the City of London, and County of Middlesex, for an Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BROOMS, BRUSHES, AND THE
LIKE, OF WHISK, BROOM-CORN, BRISTLES, OR OTHER SIMILAR MATERIALS."
(Void by reason of the Patentee having neglected to file a Specification in
pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Deaves Gallagher
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st July 1880.
RICHARD DEAVES GALLAGHER, of King William Street, in the City of London,
and County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BROOMS,
BRUSHES, AND THE LIKE, OF WHISK, BROOM-CORN, BRISTLES, OR OTHER SIMILAR
MATERIALS."
The chief feature in these brooms is the peculiar manner in which the whisk is
secured to the head.
The underside of the head is preferably hollowed into a cup shape, and serrated
or grooved longitudinally as well, and in manufacturing, the butt ends of the corn
or other material are laid horizontally across the head, the ends crossing for a short
distance. A thin piece of wood, which may be called the "block," is now laid
across these intermingled ends, and parallel with the length of the head, and firmly
pressed down upon them. The ends of this block are preferably carried over a little
so as to match the cup form of the head, and more securely hold the ends of the
whisk. When properly in position the block is fastened by two or more wires or
equivalent device, one method of fixing which is to take a wire staple, pass the
ends through two holes ready prepared in the block, draw them past the block and
twist them up over its other edge. Another plan is to take the staples as before
and pass them first over the block and drive them into the head, but I prefer the
former plan.
.
This done, the corn or whisk is turned down on each side of the block,
extending of course a long way past it, and sewn across in the ordinary manner.
The handle can be fixed in any convenient manner, but a good and very useful
plan is to screw it into the head, as it can then be taken out readily for shipment,
etcetera.
A NEW OR IMPROVED SCREW PROPELLER
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Henry Daniels, of No. 19, Mount Pleasant Villas,
Crouch Hill, London, N., for an Invention of "A NEW OR IMPROVED SCREW
PROPELLER."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Henry Daniels at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th May 1880.
WILLIAM HENRY DANIELS, of No. 19, Mount Pleasant Villas, Crouch Hill,
London, N. "A NEW OR IMPROVED SCREW PROPELLER."
The blades, of which there may be any number, and which may be those of an
ordinary or any other propeller, are arranged in couples, open in front and behind,
but closed at the outer extremity. By this means the water can only enter the
space between the blades either from front or rear, according as the screw may be
revolving, and can only leave it through the opposite end of the screw.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said William Henry Daniels in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
20th November 1880.
«
WILLIAM HENRY DANIELS, of 19, Mount Pleasant Villas, Crouch Hill, London, N.
A NEW OR IMPROVED SCREW PROPELLER."
The blades, of which there may be any suitable number, and which may be
those of an ordinary or other propeller, are arranged in couples, open in front
and behind, but closed at the outer extremity. By this means the water can
only enter the space between the blades either from front or rear, according as
the screw may be revolving, and can only leave it through the opposite end of
the screw.
The blades may either be placed in line, or one slightly in advance of the other.
Having now described my Invention and the method of performing the same, I
wish it to be understood that what I claim and desire to protect under the
herein before in part recited Letters Patent is,―
The berein described construction of screw propeller, in which the blades are
arranged in couples, closed at their outer extremity, for the purpose of driving the
water in a direct or nearly direct line with the axis of revolution of the said propeller,
substantially as set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Henry Daniels, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Tenth day of November, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty.
W. H. DANIELS.
(L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR KILLING AND CATCHING WHALES, AND OTHER SEA ANIMALS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ole Christensen Bjerke at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd November 1880.
OLE CHRISTENSEN BJERKE, of Christiania, in the Kingdom of Norway.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR KILLING AND CATCHING WHALES, AND
OTHER SEA ANIMALS."
The Invention consists primarily in the novel construction of harpoons with
movable barbs, and contrivances for the reception of insulated wires or ropes. The
annexed Drawing will serve more fully to explain. A is the fore end of the
harpoon, which may be made of copper or other suitable metal; h, h, are the
movable barbs; B is the shaft, made preferably of wood, and insulated from
the body A by the insulated medium m; b, b, are insulated copper wires in metallic
contact with A at C; at d the harpoon line is fastened with its copper wire in
contact with the copper wire of the harpoon; a is a steel point, which may be
dispensed with if the body A is of hard metal; b, b, is made in the form of a
spiral cord to prevent the wire from breaking when the harpoon is fired from a
gun.
My Invention also consists in furnishing the harpoon with specially made wire
or ropes, in such manner that said harpoon can be readily placed in communication
with one pole of a suitable source of electricity, while the other pole of the said
source is connected with the water, thereby sending an electric current through the
harpoon and into the fish or animal as soon as the harpoon strikes or penetrates the
same. The harpoon may be thrown by hand, by a gun, or by other suitable means.
I sometimes use an ordinary rifle or a small gun.
The weapon or harpoon is then specially fastened for the purpose, being shaped
somewhat like a ramrod, but furnished with an arrow shaped point, the point only
of said harpoon which projects beyond the muzzle of the gun being insulated, and
to said point the conducting wire is connected; the conducting wire being also
insulated to prevent the current from being diverted into the water.
Induced currents obtained by means of a galvanic battery, or alternating currents
from a magneto-electric machine are to be used, preferably the latter. For catching
animals which float after death, the wire or rope fixed to the harpoon must be

page_text: made as light and as small as possible, and I place therein the necessary conducting
wires.
For catching animals which sink after death, the whole apparatus, harpoon,
insulated rope, and gun, must be made sufficiently strong to allow of the animal
being drawn by the rope to the ship, where it is either taken on board or kept
floating by buoys, or other suitable appliances.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HEALDS AND IN THE PREPARATION OF MATERIAL FOR USING IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HEALDS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Tetlow at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 8th July 1880.
HENRY TETLOW, of Newton Heath, near the City of Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, Heald Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN HEALDS AND IN THE
PREPARATION OF MATERIAL FOR USING IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HEALDS."
My Invention relates to the healds or harness employed in the weaving of textile
materials, and has for its principal object to increase the durability of the said
healds. Healds are ordinarily made of yarn which, is knitted or woven by the aid
of machinery or apparatus. In lieu of the yarn usually employed, I make use of a
yarn which is specially prepared for my purpose. The said yarn is formed partly
of yarn and partly of steel, iron, or metal wire. I twist together one or more
lengths of wire with one or more strands of yarn. This may be effected by
substituting the wire for one or more of the strands of yarn in the ordinary
doubling operation. The wire and yarn may be otherwise combined, as for example,
the yarn may be "served" or covered with fine wire, or a length of wire may be
covered with yarn. The material so prepared may be used in lieu of the yarn
ordinarily used in the manufacture of healds.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FOOT-WARMERS' FOR RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES, AND FOR WAITING AND OTHER ROOMS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas George Greenstreet at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th December 1880.
'
THOMAS GEORGE GREENSTREET, of Number 78, Camberwell New Road, in the
County of Surrey, Surveyor. "IMPROVEMENTS IN FOOT-WARMERS' FOR RAILWAY
AND OTHER CARRIAGES, AND FOR WAITING AND OTHER ROOMS,"
A circular "foot-warmer" made of zinc or other suitable material for the
retention of heat generated by hot water is made with an upper and under cap,
forming a compartment between them, and admitting the feet of persons sitting
opposite to each other while travelling. One of such "foot-warmers" will suffice
for two persons. By this means the upper parts of the feet are kept warm, as well
as the soles (thus supplying a much needed requirement for comfort, and a safe-
guard against colds), and they are further protected from the draughts of cold air
rushing under doors.
A NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR INDICATING THE HEIGHT AND SHOWING THE CONDITION OF THE BEER OR OTHER LIQUID IN CASKS OR BARRELS AND OTHER VESSELS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William John Lovett at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th May 1880.
WILLIAM JOHN LOVETT, of the Firm of Lovett and Whitehouse, of Birmingham,
in the County of Warwick, Manufacturers. "A NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS
FOR INDICATING THE HEIGHT AND SHOWING THE CONDITION OF THE BEER OR
OTHER LIQUID IN CASKS OR BARRELS AND OTHER VESSELS."
My Invention consists in combining with an ordinary beer or other like drawing
off tap apparatus constructed as herein after described for indicating the height
and showing the condition of the beer or other liquid in the cask, or barrel, or
vessel, with which the said tap is used.
By my Invention the height of the beer or other liquid and its condition are
very readily ascertained.
My Invention is especially useful for indicating the height and condition of the
beer in casks or barrels, and I will describe it as applied to a beer barrel tap.
On the upper side of the entrance pipe of the tap, and near that part joining
the hollow and perforated stem of the tap which is inserted in the cask or barrel,
apply a second or supplementary but small tap, which I will herein after call
the gauge tap. The said second or gauge tap is situated vertically, and its barrel
may either be made separately from and screwed to the principal tap, or be made
in one piece with the principal tap. The upper part of the barrel of the gauge
tap is provided with a tapering nozzle having an axial bore or passage in it opening
into the said barrel. Upon the tapering nozzle described a glass tube is placed,
the interior of the lower end of the said glass tube being provided with a cork or
other packing. By fitting the packed end of the glass tube upon the tapering
nozzle of the gauge tap a liquid tight joint is formed between the said glass tube
and the nozzle of the gauge tap. The parts described permit of the easy application
and removal of the glass tube. Instead of a tapering nozzle a screwed nozzle may
be employed.
In using my Invention the combined drawing off tap and gauge tap is applied
to the beer cask or barrel in the ordinary way, and the glass tube is fitted upon
the nozzle of the gauge tap. By opening the gauge tap the beer from the cask
passes through the said gauge tap, and rising up the glass tube indicates the height

page_text: of the beer in the said cask.
The colour and clearness of the beer may at the same
time be observed. After closing the gauge tap the glass tube may be removed from
the nozzle and preserved for futuro use.
By applying the glass tube to the nozzle of the gauge tap from time to time the
quantity and condition of the beer stored in the cask may be readily ascertained.
A vent peg must be used when my Invention is employed in connection with a
barrel or closed vessel.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR CONSUMING SMOKE IN STEAM BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Teer at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 29th September 1880.
JOHN TEER, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Builder. "AN IMPROVED
MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR CONSUMING SMOKE IN STEAM BOILER AND
OTHER FURNACES."
This Invention has for its object the consuming of the smoke in steam boiler
and other furnaces, and consists in carrying a continuous current of air through the
dead plate and fire bars to a perforated hollow bridge, from whence the air is
withdrawn in a rarified state through the perforations in the bridge and there
meeting the smoke converts it into flame. I prefer to make the fire bars of
an I shape, so that any two of them being placed together form of themselves an
aperture for the admission and passage of the air, though any other shape or
construction of bar which will allow the air to pass through to the perforated
hollow bridge will answer my purpose.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TRICYCLES, PART OF WHICH IS APPLICABLE TO BICYCLE AND BEARINGS." OTHER
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Harrington, of Norman's Buildings, Old Street,
St. Luke's, in the County of Middlesex, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN TRICYCLES, PART OF WHICH IS APPLICABLE TO BICYCLE AND
BEARINGS."
OTHER
(Void by reason of the Patentee having neglected to file a Specification in
pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Harrington at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th December 1880.
JOHN HARRINGTON, of Norman's Buildings, Old Street, St. Luke's, in the County
of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN TRICYCLES, PART OF WHICH IS APPLICABLE
TO BICYCLE AND OTHER BEARINGS."
The Invention has for its object improvements in tricycles, part of which is
applicable to bicycle and other bearings.
According to my Invention I dispense with toothed gear, or with chains or
bands for communicating motion from the driving shaft to the shaft of the driving
wheels, and in lieu thereof I communicate motion from the one shaft to the other
by means of cranks on each shaft connected together by links or connecting rods ;
and in order to overcome the difficulty of passing the dead centres, I when
employing only two pairs of cranks fix them in such relative position on their
shafts as to give the one pair of cranks a slight lead, instead of fixing two pairs of
cranks exactly opposite to each other.
Or in lieu of the above arrangement a third pair of cranks may be used, in
which case the various cranks will be preferably fixed at equal distances from each
other around their shafts.
I also mount the driving wheels with capability of revolving freely on their
shaft or axis, but I provide them with friction or other clutches to enable them to
be connected with or dis-connected from their shaft or axis when desired. For
this purpose I employ a lever to act upon the moveable portion of the clutch in the
one direction, and a spring to act thereon in the contrary direction.

page_text: My Invention also relates to improvements in ball bearings for tricycles and
bicycles, and for other purposes, and consists of means whereby whilst providing
an efficient bearing facility is also afforded for adjustment of the parts for wear.
For this purpose I employ two circles or sets of balls divided from each other by
a ring or collar; each set of balls fits against the shaft and against the interior
surface of a cylindrical spring bush cut through at one part, and fitting the interior
of the body of the bearing, which is divided on one side in such manner as to be
capable of being contracted when required by means of a screw acting upon the
two divided parts thereof; rings or collars mounted on the shaft enclose the balls
at their sides.
Means are provided for preventing the slipping of the bushes within the body of
the bearing. In some cases I employ only a single circle or set of balls, the
adjusting means being similar to that before described.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO THE INTERNAL CONSTRUCTION OF COTTAGES AND OTHER BUILDINGS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas William Yardley and Ben
Goodhead at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th February
1880.
THOMAS WILLIAM YARDLEY and BEN GOODHEAD, of Swadlincote, in the County
of Derby.
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO THE INTERNAL
CONSTRUCTION OF COTTAGES AND OTHER BUILDINGS."
This Invention relates to certain improvements in or relating to cottages and
other buildings with the objects of economizing the internal space, and of
considerably reducing that hitherto apportioned to landings, so as to increase the
size of the rooms, and render them more convenient without needing an increased
site for the erection of the dwelling.
In erecting 5 or 6 roomed cottages and other such buildings with a landing
privately in each bedroom according to our Invention, we dispense with the
ordinary way of construction by making a returned staircase and landing at the
top in a space of between two and three feet less than the starting at the bottom,
giving a landing to lead into three or four bedrooms, for three rooms in a space of
rather less than 3 feet square, and for four rooms in a space of rather less than
6 feet by 3 feet.
By such an arrangement the comparatively large space hitherto uselessly allotted
to landings is considerably reduced, and the area of the adjacent rooms is equally
augmented, much to the advantage of the occupants.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CHECKING THE ISSUE OF TICKETS OR COUPONS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Smith Comrie at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th January 1880.
JOHN SMITH COMRIE, of 175, St. Vincent Street, in the City of Glasgow.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CHECKING THE ISSUE OF TICKETS OR
COUPONS."
In a Provisional Specification lodged by me, No. 4735, in the year 1879, I
described an apparatus for checking the issue of tickets; this apparatus was
designed to clip, print, or emboss a ticket when such ticket was partially inserted
into the apparatus through a slit or aperture, and at the same time that the ticket
was so clipped, printed, or embossed a bell was caused to sound, and a pointer on a
dial, visible both to the official and to the public, was caused to register the fact that
a ticket had been operated upon by the apparatus.
According to my present Invention I arrange the tickets in a continuous roll or
web inside the case of the apparatus, and use a pair of rollers to draw the slip or
In addition I use one
web upon which the tickets are printed out from the case.
of these rollers for printing any device upon each ticket as it is drawn forward
between the rollers, and I also by means of a cam or crank or eccentric or a toothed
wheel (gearing into another) on the end of one of the rollers cause the bell to be
sounded, and the pointer of the recording dial to make one forward step at each
revolution of the rollers, multiplying gear being actuated at same time. Provision
may also be made for correcting accumulations of error in the drawing out of the
tickets by the rollers, as however carefully the rollers may be made there is always
liability to error in delicate measurements repeatedly performed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SECURING THE BOTTLES AND STOPPERS OF LIQUOR FRAMES AND OTHER SIMILAR FRAMES, ALSO SCENT CASES AND OTHER SIMILAR CASES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Bartram at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th May 1880.
WILLIAM BARTRAM, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Merchant and
Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SECURING THE BOTTLES AND STOPPERS OF
LIQUOR FRAMES AND OTHER SIMILAR FRAMES, ALSO SCENT CASES AND OTHER
SIMILAR CASES."
My Invention relates to improvements in securing the bottles and stoppers of
liquor frames and other similar frames, such, for example, as luncheon frames, scent
cases, and biscuit cases, the object being to prevent the contents of such cases being
tampered with, and it consists chiefly in the application and use of a fall down
door placed at the bottom of the frame and closing up against the lower part of the
bottles, which are secured on the other sides in bins or receptacles, of which the door
when closed forms a part; the stoppers are secured by a part of the case passing
close over the tops of the same. The door can be locked or secured by other
similar means, and when so secured it is impossible to abstract the contents.
The top of the case is solid and firm, and the act of opening the falling door does
not shake the contents of the bottles, as is sometimes the case in those which open
at the top. When the door is let down the bottles can be drawn out and replaced
with the greatest ease.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CORKING OR STOPPERING BOTTLES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hugh Wright Beckton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st September 1880.
HUGH WRIGHT BECKTON, of Dudley, in the County of Worcester, Mechanic.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CORKING OR STOPPERING BOTTLES."
This Invention consists in forming a plug of cork, wood, or other material
covered with cork, india rubber, or other yielding substance, and of a wedge or conical
form at its lower end to fit closely into a corresponding wedge or conical shaped neck
of the bottle, in which position it is securely held by wire passing round the neck of
the bottle and over the plug or stopper, the ends of the wire are then twisted
together as in the ordinary way of wiring; the form of the lower end of the plug may,
if preferred, be that of a round or hollow cone as long as it is of a shape to prevent
its passing through the neck and entering the bottle. The plug or stopper may be
made as a permanent attachment to the bottle, and be capable of being reused when
rebottling, by securing the wire to any suitable part of the plug, so that by
untwisting the neck wire sufficiently to release the plug the contents can be drawn
and the bottle refilled.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CLEANING, BLACKING, AND BOOTS, SHOES, AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Lever at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd September 1880.
POLISHING
THOMAS LEVER, of Nelson, near Burnley, in the County of Lancaster.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CLEANING, BLACKING, AND
BOOTS, SHOES, AND OTHER ARTICLES."
The object of my Invention is to construct a simple machine which will more
effectually clean and polish boots, shoes, and other articles, and in less time than
any other machine now constructed for this purpose.
My Invention is as follows:-
-
On a suitable frame or stand I employ three sets of circular grooved or hollow
brushes carried on suitable spindles; the brushes are carried at the one end of their
spindles by cranks or arms, at their other ends by wheels or discs.
The bodies of the brushes I make preferably of india rubber, in which are fixed
the bristles; the spindles of ench brush are made telescopic, that is to say, to slide
into each other, so that by means of shafts with right and left hand threads, worm
and worn wheels, the brushes can be expanded or contracted at the will of the
attendant, according to the sizes of the boots or shoes to be cleaned.
The middle brush being the blacking brush it has a suitable receptacle for the
blacking, and a number of teats at intervals to distribute the blacking. The
supply of blacking can be stopped or regulated by a shield inside the centre brush,
which cuts off the communication with the teats.
The machine may be worked either by treadle, hand, or motive power, and by
means of a number of pulleys and bands. The brushes revolve at a great velocity;
the cranks also slowly revolve and carry the brushes and spindles around with
them, and bring them into operation successively, or as required.
The action is as follows:-The boots are placed upon the hands of the attendant,
and held under and in contact with the first brush, which brushes off the dirt from
the front part of the boots or shoes; the boots are then placed between the first
and second brushes, so that the second brush blacks the fronts of the boots, whilst
the first brush cleans off the dirt from the heels or hind parts of the boots; the
boots are then placed between the second and third brushes; third brush comes

page_text: into operation and polishes the front part of the boots, whilst the second brush
is blacking the back parts of the boots; are then placed over or behind the third
brush, which polishes their back parts. The whole operation of thoroughly
cleaning a pair of boots with this apparatus taking but one minute.
Any class of boots may be cleaned with my apparatus, and any portion of the 5
.boots as required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR CUTTING KNITTED FABRICS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Albert Martin at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st July 1880.
HENRY ALBERT MARTIN, of the Firm of Martin, Sons, and Co., of Lindley,
near Huddersfield, in the County of York, Manufacturers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR CUTTING KNITTED FABRICS."
This Invention has reference to twilled or ribbed fabrics made on a circular
knitting frame, and on which the fabric made is circular or of a cylindrical form.
Hitherto in the knitting of twilled fabrics a loop has been omitted, so that when
the fabric has been completed, a blank or space has been formed lengthwise and
parellel to the twills or ribs, and this blank or space has been the place where tho
fabric has been cut, and when so cut the twills or ribs have been parallel to the
outside edges of the fabric. The object of my Invention is to cut the fabric in
such a manner that the twills or ribs shall be at an angle to the outside edges, or so
that the twills shall form diagonal lines, and this I accomplish by knitting the
fabric without omitting the loop, but in knitting the said fabric perfectly
cylindrical without a blank or space, and in cutting the same at an oblique angle
to the bottom of the fabric, so that when opened out the twills shall be at an angle
to the outside edges. The fabric may be cut by inserting a flat board within the
cylindrical fabric, and in cutting the fabric from corner to corner of the board, and
the board may be centred on pivots so that it can be turned over. Or instead of
using a flat board, a roller may be put in the cylindrical fabric, having a groove
formed spirally around its periphery, and in causing the said roller to revolve
either by hand, or mechanically against a knife, which will cut the fabric to the
angle required.
AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR CONVERTING MARINE AND OTHER KINDS OF VEGETATION INTO PULP FOR MAKING PAPER
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th June 1880. A communication
from abroad by Edouard Vincent Jules Laurent Gorges, of Paris, France.
ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent. "AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR CONVERTING MARINE AND OTHER
KINDS OF VEGETATION INTO PULP FOR MAKING PAPER." [A communication from
abroad by Edouard Vincent Jules Laurent Gorges, of Paris, France.]
This Invention relates to an improved process of converting marine plants, such
as algae, fucus, zostera, &c., as well as other products of the vegetable kingdom
generally, into pulp for the manufacture of paper and pasteboard.
Marine plants and herbage are first incinerated to obtain an alkaline lye of soda
and potash, which is then rendered caustic by milk of lime. In this caustic
alkaline lye the plants to be converted into pulp for paper are placed and macerated
(preferably with the aid of heat) for some hours, and when sufficiently macerated
they are drained and plunged into a bath of dilute sulphuric acid. In a few
moments the cellulose and ligneous fibres become converted into firm pulp suited
for the purposes mentioned.
In order to neutralise the acids employed, the pulp is washed in another alkaline
bath of soda, potash, or lime, after which it is bleached by the ordinary processes
and the moisture expressed. By this process a soft ligneous pulp may be obtained
in large quantities in a few hours without much expense and eminently suited for
the manufacture of paper and pasteboard.
The process is equally applicable for the conversion into pulp for paper making
of all other products of the vegetable kingdom, such as the branches and leaves of
trees and shrubs, aquatic plants, grasses, ferns, heather, broom, furze, brambles,
straw, stalks, pea and bean pods, mosses, couch grass, &c. The plants, &c. after
being slightly pounded or crushed between rollers are steeped in a caustic alkaline
lye, either cold or hot, or evaporated to 2 or 3 atmospheres; the fibrous portions
separate in a few moments and are then subjected to pressure, and the product
is washed in a bath of dilute acid and bleached by the methods usually employed.
AN IMPROVED FOUNTAIN OR RESERVOIR PEN
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th November 1880.
cation from abroad by Adolph Tust, of Elberfeld, Germany.
A communi-
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. "AN IMPROVED FOUNTAIN OR RESERVOIR PEN."
[A communication from abroad by Adolph Tust, of Elberfeld, Germany.
This Invention relates to improvements in writing instruments of that class
ordinarily known as reservoir or fountain pens, which permit répeated uso thereof
after having been once filled with ink or a similar liquid.
A writing instrument constructed according to this Invention consists substantially
of a holder or stem, and a tube or cylindrical receptacle inserted therein, which
latter is filled with ink. In the said tube there is a suction device to facilitate the
filling with ink or charging of the instrument, and this device, when the pen holder
is used, acts as a pressure device in such manner that as soon as the ink does not
flow freely a piston forming part thereof is somewhat pressed downwards towards
the pen.
To prevent a sudden outflow of ink the position of the pen holder, to which a nib
or pen is fitted, is so arranged that when in its position of rest it will completely
cover the opening for the exit of the ink, so that the ink will flow out only at the
moment when pressure is exerted by the pen upon the paper, I thereby enable the
writer to make a heavy stroke or a fino thin stroke.
The capacity of the reservoir may conveniently be arranged for a continuous use
of about 10 or 12 hours, one advantage offered by this instrument being that the
ink therein is not exposed to the open air, and consequently cannot desiccate.
The writing instrument above referred to comprises the following parts, that is to
Bay-
The tube or receptacle which, as above stated, is filled or charged with ink or a
similar liquid, a piston or club-shaped rod placed therein, a spring, a holder for the
nib or pen to be used in connection with this instrument, means for conducting the
ink and regulating the flow of the same, the last named parts being secured to the
stem of the instrument by screw-threaded portions.
I
may make the parts which regulate the flow of the ink movable so as to render
the instrument capable of adaptation to pens or nibs of different shapes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DYNAMO MACHINES
Year: 1880

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederic George Willatt at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th September 1880.
FREDERIC GEORGE WILLATT, of 323, High Holborn, in the County of Middlesex.
'IMPROVEMENTS IN DYNAMO MACHINES."
In forming my improved machine I prefer to cast in one solid piece an armature
having four or more, but preferably six, blades, broad at the outer end and
narrowing somewhat towards the centre. Each blade is wound in the saine
direction and coupled up so as to form north and south poles across the centre of
the armature when in motion, and round the armature extends a stationary soft
iron magnet composed of two parts, one acting as N. and the other as S., and
preferably circular in form so as to fit round the armature and economise space.
The two sections of the magnet may be joined by suitable tongues projecting
internally from each end of each section and bolted through, and the magnet then
wound so as to bring the two N. ends together and the two S. ends together, and
the facings which extend nearly round the armature are then secured to the
tongues, again forming N. and S. in themselves.
prefer to arrange the blades of
the armature alternately a little to the right and left in the direction of its
longitudinal axis upon the centre boss so as to allow of a wire being intertwined
amongst the blades without extending the breadth of the armature. The blades of
the armature are all wound in the same direction, and may be coupled up as a
whole, or separately combining two or more for intensity or quantity. The
intertwined wire already mentioned is for the purpose of insulating the blades from
each other; this wire has a strong induced current, which is collected either
separately or combined with the main current.
When an alternating current is required I prefer to employ a small cylinder
composed of longitudinal strips of any suitable conducting metal, insulated one
from the other, and corresponding in number with the blades of the armature.
This cylinder is secured to the end of the armature spindle and revolves with it as
part of the machine; two collectors about equal in width to the length of the
cylinder and just bearing upon its periphery-this may be obtained by spring or

page_text: other pressure-are fixed so that when, say, a positive strip passes one collector a
negative strip is opposite the other, and the current can pass from one collector
through the circuit to the other. The current is admitted to the cylinder, so that a
positive current passes through one set of strips and a negative through the other;
this I prefer to accomplish by means of a pair of grooved pulleys at the end of the 5
cylinder, the main wires terminating in brushes which bear in the grooves.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Harriet Goodhue Hosmer at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th October 1880.
HARRIET GOODHUE HOSMER, of Rome, in the Kingdom of Italy. “IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER."
This Invention relates to improvements on the means for obtaining motive
power, described in the Specification of a Patent granted to H. E. Newton, as a
communication from the present applicant, dated 17th September 1878, No. 3676,
and consists in so arranging the apparatus that the mechanical parts for breaking
contact between the magnets and armatures, as therein described, may be dispensed
with.
According to the present Invention the apparatus consists of a ring firmly
secured in a vertical position to a base plate, and carrying a series of permanent
magnets of varying strengths. In addition to the magnets this ring carries a series,
of armatures which are placed in juxtaposition to the magnets.
On a horizontal axis placed centrally of the ring, and mounted in bearings in
vertical standards secured to the base plate, is keyed a wheel which carries a series
of hollow armatures. These armatures contain a soft iron core, upon which is
coiled an insulated copper wire, and are so arranged as to come into action suc-
cessively. A current of electricity will be generated in the coils of the armatures
as the latter come opposite the magnets, which will have the effect of magnetizing
the armatures, and thus convert them for the moment into electro magnets. These
magnets, by their attraction to the hollow armatures, will be drawn forward past
the permanent magnets, and then by the cessation of the current of electricity
become demagnetized.
In addition to the armature wheel the axle also carries a fly wheel.
This apparatus may be used to communicate motion to any suitable mechanism,
and if the armature ring be fitted with a series of coils. of wire, which pass across
the poles of fixed magnets, currents of electricity will be generated, which currents
may be employed for the production of electric light.