Improvements in Electrical Telegraphs.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd Oct., 1888-Accepted, 19th Oct., 1889
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Electrical Telegraphs.
A communication to me from abroad by EDUARD CASSALETTE, Manufacturer, and
DAVID KUNHARDT, Engineer, both of Aachen, in the Kingdom of Prussia and
German Empire.
1, EDMUND EDWARDS, of the firm of Edwards and Co., Patent Agents and
Engineers, of 35, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement and accompanying drawings, that is to say :--
This invention relates to a telegraphic apparatus for the rapid transmission of
telegrams operated by means of Morse signs. The said apparatus consists of a peculiar
transmitting apparatus and of a particular receiving apparatus. The transmitting
apparatus is so arranged that it can be used: 1stly as a single transmitter in
connection with the ordinary quickly operating receiving apparatus of a Morse
telegraph 2ndly as a multiple transmitter, that is to say as composed of several
similar apparatus arranged contiguously to one another and dependent on one another
in proportion to their motion and efficiency the above transmitter being used in
connection with the particular receiving apparatus which contains a number of
receiving printing magnets corresponding with that of the multiple apparatus which
equal in the same order of sequence the efficiency of the latter and which in order to
produce signs are capable of being intercalated in or thrown out of the circuit.
The construction of the transmitter of the rapid telegraph shewn in Figure 1
sheet 1 is that of a single transmitter for use with a Morse apparatus and the same is
not shown in proper proportion being merely suitable for describing the mode of
operation of the apparatus, while the constructions subsequently represented are
improved forms thereof.
Upon a bed plate are fixed two longitudinal rails S, S', carrying at the top the
lateral guides S2, S3, between which the rectangular steel plate N is capable of sliding
When
freely to and fro in the directions indicated in Figure 2 by the two arrows.
the plate N is pushed in the direction of the arrow Z the former is prevented from
sliding too far by the projections S, So, and when the same plate is moved in the
direction of the arrow the same object is fulfilled by the projections S°, S7. The
plate N may also be provided with four cylindrical eyelets bored through as shewn in
Figure 1 by means of which it can slide upon suitable rods. The said plate N slides
closely over angular bars or straps 01, 0, 0,--02 not being so high as the other
two. Figure 2 shews these straps as well as a special side view of 0 and 03. The
same carry at the top particular slides which are partly long, semi-long, and short.
Upon the plate N rests the steel balls K, sheet 2, which are let in so as to project
downwardly so far through N, that the passing slides of can raise the same.
Immediately upon the ball K bears tightly a spring f which carries above a piece
of ebonite surmounted by a metallic piece g whose nose strikes against the spring h
fixed upon ebonite and whose free extremity rests upon the piece of ebonite i
(Figure 3) so that it cannot exert its resilient action any deeper. A spring / rests
permanently upon the metal piece g. When the ball is raised by the passage of the
said slides which are made to run smoothly at both extremities (Figure 3b) the piece g
strikes the spring and establishes a contact when both and are connected to
circuit wires.
Figure 4 shews a cross section of the steel plate N below which are the
springs A, L, C, D, E, F, G, H, and L (Figure 5). All these springs are placed
opposite the block 02, (Figure 2, sheet 1), upon which are let in the well insulated
1
J

page_text: The springs A, C, D, have the forked form given them in Figure 5. The same
are fixed (Figure 5) below a piece of ebonite capable of turning upon a hinge, which
piece is held by means of the metal piece maupon the angular piece . The
springs E, F, G, H, L, are plain strips of metal, Figure 5, Figure 5 shewing their
mode of fastening upon a piece of ebonite. The springs themselves are guided by an
ebonite box and are connected with metal plates as follows: with p² (sheet 4),
F with P, G with P, H with P3, and L' with P. When now the plate N is drawn
in the direction of the arrow 2 Sheet 1 Figure 2, the spring A slides away from the
rails d, d, which were connected by A to the circuit. Soon after C and D slide
upon, c, and a, a', so that these are connected together with the circuit, that is to
say c with c and a with a'. But at the same time E slides also upon ", F upon 2.1
G upon s H upon and L upon L, whereby the following are now connected with
the circuit with P2 sheet 4, with P¹, s with P4, s¹ with P3 and L with P. Should
the plate N be drawn in the direction of the arrow 2 until it comes against the
projections S S Figure 2 Sheet 1, the spring A will meet shortly before this and o
thus connecting these together with the circuit.
In Figure 16 of sheet 5, the plate N is so divided as to have of its surface
in the contact field and the other in the letter field. The field knobs,
Figures 11, 11, 11, 11, 114, 11, 11, 12 and 12ª, are made of ebonite moving above
upon a hinge under the action of a spring and carrying below a metal strip. Each
letter has as many small springs to act upon as it possesess elementary signs (dots
and dashes of the Morse apparatus). Beyond these letter springs each single letter
has its line spring which is in connection with the circuit. When the metal strips of
the knob are pressed upon all the springs, they become all connected with the circuit.
But when the action of the knob is used at the same time not only to establish these
contacts but also to draw or push back the plate N and when matters are so arranged
that the power of all the elementary signs of a letter is according to their order or
sequence so that their own signs dot or dash can be transmitted to the circuit, it will
be obvious that with a draw at the letter directly seized upon by the knob and then
by a push back, this or any other letter can be transmitted by the telegraph.
When the ball contact of sheet 2 is divided twice 44 times upon the contact field
of the plate N, that is to say, has 88 subdivisions, there are formed immediately a
contact field F¹ to the left and another contact field 2 to the right hand side thereof.
Between these two lies below the plate N the arrangement of springs from d¹ to L,
Figure 5. As the plate N is drawn the moment will arrive when the ball marked i
of the system will strike the top piece y while the ball a will simultaneously strike
the stop.
Above these two balls, g will also come into contact with Figure 10
Sheet 4. The duration of this contact is very short at 1 and corresponds with the
dotted line y drawn near 1 in Figure 6 Sheet 2 which line has the same length as the
stop y.
At a the contact lasts a longer time, it corresponds to the dotted line which
is equal in length to the stop 2. Whilst the contact g, hat a still lasts the contact
duration a commences at the ball marked E¹. When now the contact g h produces
at 1 a short closure of current becoming connected with the circuit, the result is the
transmission of a dot-a contacts could likewise be made which would produce a dash,
but however the arrangement is so devised that in the transmission of a letter, 1 and a
will never transmit together but on the contrary either 1 or a will only be able to
transmit. When 1 transmits, the contact g, h, takes place at E', that is to say the
earth connection is closed through this contact and the current actuating the dot sign
is sent off. Thoughout the whole of this drawing manipulation the contact system F
is thoroughly closed to the action of all currents. It only comes in action by the
"pushback so that the balls 1 and a above in F are forthwith raised by the
abutting pieces y' and 3 while at the same time the contact system is at once
thoroughly closed to the action of any current.
Upon sheet 3 is shewn the neighbouring apparatus, namely the distributing lever
or armature H. Upon the pillar or upright W Figure 7 Sheet 3 pivots by means
of a pin the armature or lever H³ shewn in plan in Figure 7". Its appendage causes
it to rest normally by gravity in such a position that the two metal strips 6³ and c¹

page_text: which bear upon ebonite below H rest by means of their metallic projections upon
the springs and c³ Figures 7 and 7, the spring Figure 7 is connected to the
circuit by means of its arms. Above the armature H rest the insulated metal
strips cab, whose projections strike in some cases upon c² a b'. This occurs when
the electro-magnet M M attracts the armature H¹, when 3 the spring and c
forthwith leave the lower part of c³.
The electro-magnet M M has a double winding which is shewn here separate, these
windings are in reality wound by the side of each other as in the case generally in
double winding. The battery B supplies from its positive pole two windings one
winding M which issues at O and another M which terminates at n.
When the contact no is established by the spring A, Figure 5, Sheet 2, the
positive current goes through o, n, to the negative pole; the coils M render the
electro-magnet magnetic, and the latter attracts the lever or armature H¹ thereby
forthwith causing an intermediate closing about M'. At the same time that o and n
are connected to the circuit by A, a and a are likewise connected thereto by the
spring D Figure 5 sheet 2, and hence the intermediate current starts from the positive
pole, passes through B², M², a, D, a¹, a², a³, and through the binding screw and
reaches the negative pole. By drawing back the plate N. the spring A looses the
connection on, whereby the coils M loose their current, the coils Al still retain by
reason of this intermediate current the property of magnetizing the electro-magnet
and hence firmly retain the armature H₁ until a a' come also out of contact owing
to the withdrawal of the spring D and the lever H¹ then returns to its normal
position.
In sheet 4 the contacts g h are shewn in their particular connections at all the
88 balis; in figures 11 11 Sheet 4 the letters d, k, o, r, s, and w as well as the sign
Received" Figure 12 and the mark of division Figure 12" are shewn to be the
longest.
In the resting position of the single transmitter, the plate N rests above against
the projections S and S Sheet 1. When the circuit is being also received, the
arriving current passes through d', A, d, M², M³, Eº.
In the transmission of telegrams, the plate N is moved in the direction of the
arrow, the spring A then leaves the rails d', d, and hence the apparatus is thrown
out of circuit. If it is now desired to transmit the letter d, the springs C to L' slide
at once upon their respective rails. With the letter d, the connections a. 3, 4, are
also connected to the circuit by a depression of the knob Figure 11 Sheet 4. If the
plate N is now drawn in the direction of the arrow 2 while the knob of the letter d
is depressed, the 1 and a of the contact system F' strike upon the stops y and z;
contact however has no connection with the circuit and hence cannot transmit its
dot whose transmission would be operated by the steel ball striking the top y, if
thereby in 1 were not also connected to the circuit (line spring) by a depression of
the letter knob. But in this manner a remains in connection with the circuit. The
current goes from the positive pole of the battery B' successively to 3, 6, 7, E, P2,
through in 11 to g in a passes through in the contact a towards the spring d
under the letter knob whence it goes through the line spring and consequently
through P to the circuit. During the time that lasts a corresponding long sign
will be transmitted as well as a dash. After the latter disposed of contacts take
place between g and h through earth E¹ 2 and ẞ these have however no effect while
they have no access to the circuit. First when earth E a strike upon z¹, the resting
current is conducted to the circuit, going to earth through the arrangement of
springs a which is still in force.
The connection is thus, circuit, metal strips of the letter knob d, spring a, h, of
the contact a,
of the earth Ea, g of the earth Ea towards P, F, r, c, earth E°.
When the plate N is drawn so far downwardly that all other balls with ineffective
contacts g, h, slide over the stops x, y, z, 21, ¹, until the plate N arrives to the inter-
mediate springs n and o, then the spring A slides upon n and o, the above mentioned
attraction of the armature H takes place whilst the contact system F2 is intercalated.
If the letter d is kept by for transmission, a backward push causes a in F° to

page_text: strike 23. Circulation of the current from the positive pole of the battery B₁ to b', b
(63 and 6* are open) s¹, H, P³ through g of the contact ẞ into the contact system F2
towards of the contact a through h of the former to of the contact a; then the
contact system F over the metal strips of the knob and finally to the circuit
through P.
Should the construction of the plate N he too heavy even in a well compensated
construction, then the construction shewn in Figure 13 sheet 5 will be found
advantageous In this construction the springs to L' and the rails d' to I, are
dispensed with and the contact system F1 and F is firmly laid, while the arrangement
In its normal
of stops is suppressed by the pushing of the plate V over the same.
position the plate V Figure 8 sheet 3 rests its insulated projection V upon the
metal plate which is capable of oscillating upon insulated pins, whereby the
spring d resting in the circuit is slightly forced apart from an insulating abutting
pin, remains in connection with the apparatus M2, M³ and earth E. The current
runs when received through the circuit, d, the apparatus M2, M3, K' and earth E°,
the springs c and a rest opposite the insulated plates c¹ and a' as shewn in Figure 8
Sheet 3.
Before the withdrawal of the plate V the letter board or bar Figure 16 which
is provided with knobs already known which connect the small springs with lines.
When now the sliding plate V is pushed on, the plate d is drawn round in such a
manner by a pulling spring that the former breaks its contact with d while meets c
and a meets a whereby a and c are drawn away from their insulating abutting pins.
When the slides have passed all the balls, the insulated projections Vo which is carried
at the other extremity of the plate V meets the metal plate n pressed against the
insulated striking pin and presses the same against the springo (the closed contact c, el
places the negative pole hitherto laid on from earth against the same. (This contact
is not indispensable.)
A similar construction is the one shewn in Figures 14 and 15, there the contact
fields are arranged in the shape of sectors. The stop carrier or the oscillating lever X
moves like the hand of a clock with the stops over all the knob contacts. By means
of the projection X it strikes against the plate d Figure S in the direction of the
arrow, while with X it strikes against the plate n Figure 9 in the direction of the
arrow The tongue X runs into safe concentric guides Figure 15. In this case
also the letter knob bar is first pressed by the left hand then a pull is effected in the
direction of the arrow while seizing hold of the handle until X strikes upon n
whereupon the second letter is seized with the left hand upon the knob bar and the
lever is pushed in the direction of the arrow and held back firmly against the
knob until X strikes again upon d. The letters will be thus transmitted with
the utmost speed.
The single transmitter can also be constructed as shewn in Figure 16 sheet 5. A
large metallic plate capable of oscillating upon a pin is covered with ebonite for all
the wire circuits.
On the left hand side is placed a handle which can be turned, as the plate may
be made to turn through each knob of the single letters.
The levers of this single knob are placed in radial directions and fall while they
bring the contact springs in the circuit between two abutting pins so that the
whole plate N Figure 16 can be drawn round in the direction of the arrow Z' by
depressing a single letter knob. Hence the contact field F¹ runs over the stops a,
,,,, while at the same time the contact field becomes separated from the
abutting pins and slides actionless over 2, 3, 23, y¹, and ³.
An upper abutting pin arrests the motion of this plate at the right time. Ou
the return motion the field F' is rendered inert by the oscillation of the lever H¹
while on the contrary the field F³ is rendered effective.
Sheet 6 illustrates the whole system. Above the insulated concentric rings d², 3,
20³, 8², s³, L³, aª, a³, cª, c³, O¹, n³, the bridge B³ moves away from the centre of the
oscillating plates (Figure 18). Sheet 5 shews the manner in which the springs
corresponding to the concentric rings and sliding permanently thereon are fixed upon

page_text: ebonite. Upon n' slides nº, upon 0¹, 0º, upon eª e³, upon cª c³, upon aª aº, upon aª a²,
upon upon upon upon upon upon d³ ³ The connection
with the listributing lever, the battery B' and the apparatus are clearly shewn in the
drawing. Wires lead from the concentric rings to the contacts d, d³, o, n, c',
a', a, E. F. s G, s¹ H. L L'.
C₁
A steel slide glides
These contacts g are constructed according to Figure 19.
upon the steel rings U. C. D. R. R³. G. H² L. When the whole apparatus is in a
position of rest, the slide t is raised while the contact is in the position marked d, d
with the slide upon the ring or rail A in such a manner that the spring placed
upon ebonite and connected electrically with t³ makes also a contact with t².
Hence as shewn in Figure 19 d is connected electrically with d. If the plate N is
now turned round upon its axis, after the sign or number "1" has been pressed upon
the letter knob dise, the steel slide glides away from the rail A under d. d', where-
upon the slide t. slides upon the corresponding rails and makes a contact as shewn in
Figure 19 between c, c, and further between a', a. &c., before the contact field has
struck the stops c, y, z, ¹, a¹, below c¹ c, a¹ a, E, F, s G, s¹ G H and L L'.
The contact L is connected permanently with d. When the apparatus is in a resting
position the following will be received: Circuit, spring L³, ring L², L towards d
(this occurs by reason of the slide t bearing upon the rail A in contact with d) like-
wise d' d. the ring d' the spring d³ towards the apparatus M2 and the earth E.
the y
When now the whole plate is turned, the slide t glides first away from A below d
and the apparatus being thereby thrown out of circuit. Thereupon all the contacts
from c. c. to L L' become connected through their slide t striking upon the correspond-
ing rails. Were now the number "1" of the letter, knob disc pressed as assumed
the current will pass from the positive pole of the battery B₁ through 63 64 poð ps² zº E
through g of contact 11 in the contact field F towards in contact 1. These con-
tacts are constructed as shewn in Figures 20 and 20. By raising a steel slide (when
this slide glides over the steel stops x. y. z. 2. c.) a small insulated plate arranged
upon a spring carrying the slide is likewise so raised as to connect metallically the
two springs g and fixed upon ebonite and resting upon ebonite angle pieces.
When g of contact 11 in the contact field F' is connected thereat with g of contact 1,
and when further by reason of contact 1 sliding over
of such contact is con-
nected with its the current runs through spring 1 in number "1" and enters the
circuit in consequence of a metallic connection with such circuit being produced
here by the depression of the knob. The current reaches the opposite apparatus in
the manner above described, where it is duly received. It subsequently enters the
earth connection E° whence it passes through c². c³. c. c. c. c. and reaches the
negative pole of the battery B₁ and hence the dot, the first elementary sign of
the number "1" is transmitted. Now comes the second elementary sign. This sign
is transmitted in an exactly similar manner while the current coming through
contact 11 and about the contact ẞ raised by the long slide or stop 2 whose g over-
steps upon the thereof thus enters the circuit through the spring B. 8, 0, find their
way in the sanie manner.
y
When the whole contact field has passed over its stops . y. ... the slide
placed below o and n slides now upon the rail U and a contact is thus made between
o and n as shewn in Figure 19 while through this contact a closing of the current
occurs upon the winding of the electro magnet M, that is to say: from the positive
pole of the battery B2 through the coils M, 02, 0¹, o, n, n* nº to the negative pole of the
same battery. The result is an attraction of the armature or lever H¹, a consequent
release of the contacts b³. b, c, c². and the making of the contacts c², c³, a², a³, b², b²;
through the contacts a², a³, is generated the intermediate current hereinbefore men-
tioned from the positive pole of B2 through M. The plate being now turned back
and it being desired once more to transmit the figure "1" for instance, the slide is
first moved below o. n. and away from the rail V, while a finger is laid upon the
figure "1", so that the contact n, is released whereby the winding M loses its
magnetism the winding or coils M¹ however retain theirs and hence firmly holding
the armature H' for a while in its new position. The current for the first

page_text: elementary sign or figure "1" circulates now by pushing, from the positive pole
of B1 through 1, 2, s. 3. s¹. H to g of contact ẞ in the contact field F2, thence
to g of contact 1 through its rise (over y³) to h of contact 1 in the contact field F¹
(all the contacts h of the contact field are connected with the corresponding
contacts of the contact field F to the circuit) whence the current follows the
return journey after having passed the opposite apparatus and gone through earth E
on this side and through c', c, c, c¹. c, c, until it reaches the negative pole
of B¹.
As regards the above mentioned sign 1 on the contact field F the course of
the current is as follows:-the earth connection to the circuit wire circuit spring
on sign "1" of the letter bar, spring 1, ½ of contact 1 in field F, thence to h of
contact 1 in field F2 through of contact E' just closed by ³ to g of the same,
towards G, s, s2, s, c³, c², earth E°. The Figures 21. 22. sheet 5 represent other
constructions in which the sliding springs and the rails are omitted. In Figure 21
the two contact fields F. F lie concentrically in close proximity to one another; an
oscillating lever being conducted thereon and carrying the stops xy, z. 2¹, x¹, x²;
,y,. The contact field Flies as shewn in Figure 22 over the lever. In
both cases the front end of the lever runs in a concentric path. In Figures 26
and 27 of sheet 7 the contact fields have a convex form and are fixed upon a table.
A strong lever H° arranged so as to pivot at one end carries upon two upper cross
arms the stops x, y, z, 2¹, x', on one side and a², z², z³, y¹, ³, on the other side with
which the said lever is travelling concentrically upon the contacts of the fields F1
and F. In its normal position the lever H° rests upon the projection A¹ whereby
the current passes through d', and d towards the apparatus. When the lever H is
drawn to the right, the contacts d, d' are released while the contacts a a¹, e c', are
established.
2
The contacts c c are likewise (see above) not indispensable here. The negative
pole of B2 may be directly laid to earth. The transmission of signs then follows
after the required letter knob has been depressed on the letter plate and previous to
moving the lever. When the said lever is moved to the left hand side and hence
against the stop A² (A' and A² are covered by leather) the same pushes by means
of a lateral projection Nº the lever against the spring o so that the contact o. n.
follows.
In Figure 28 Sheet 7 the lever Ho stands upright as well as the contact fields F1
and F whereby the lever is held above in suitable guides. Upon the letter knob
disc the knobs are provided after the manner of electric bells with letter signs,
numbers &c. Suitable forms of knob contacts are shewn in Figures 24 and 24ª
Sheet 6. The single spring of each sign is arranged like the calix of flowers.
Between the two springs projects a metallic pin which makes a contact with all the
springs. A spiral spring subsequently presses the knob upwards. In Figure 25
an upper spring presses a lower one." A most simple construction of single trans-
mitter is that shewn in Sheet 8 in which the letter box or board is dispensed with
there being only one contact field. The sector shaped metallic piece N consists of
two arms N Na (figures 29 and 30) which are placed upon a box turnable round
A counterweight holds the sector in the position of an angle of 50°. The
said arms N. N³ carry the plate N upon whose concave side project the known
contacts 1, 2, 3, to 11, a, ß, y, 8, up to λ E¹, to E, E a to Eλ with their steel knobs
in such a manner that by a downward motion of the whole arrangement in con-
secutive order the said contacts slide over the steel stops x, y, z, z¹, ¹, fixed to a bed
plate whereby the transmission of signs is effected.
an axis.
In front of N are placed in 10 superposed shelves or steps (Figure 31) the letter
knobs for all the letters, figures, punctuation and service signs. 8 letter knobs rest
consequently on each step and under each one of these knobs are arranged the required
springs, corresponding to the number of elementary signs and connected with the dot
or dash contacts 1 to 11 or from a to λ, and at the same time the circuit springs
required for each single letter, figure or other signs by means of the lower insulated
metal plate.

page_text: The spring carrying the knob which is fully shewn on the lowermost shelf can be
easily moved and is not very elastic. When the required sign which is indicated on
the knob is pressed, the knob spring will of course be first depressed whereby the
circuit spring will enter into contact with the springs of the elementary signs. When
the pressure is increased the whole arrangement turns. At the top the projection N¹
is drawn away from d and hence the receiving connections hitherto composed of
circuit, d, apparatus M² M³, earth E are broken at d, d, while a, a', enter in
contact. Upon the nave are mounted close to one another the insulated sliding
rails 3, 4, 5, shewn in superposed order in the drawing while upon the same slide the
springs 3, 4, 5 which are well insulated and arranged upon suitable bridges (not
shewn in the drawing).
This simple construction has the defect that the apparatus remains unused on the
return journey. The defect of the unused return motion is remedied by the con-
struction shewn in sheet 9. The sector with its arms N, N³, (Figure 30) Sheet 8 is
in an upright position, and moves by means of the nave upon a pin or pivot, while it
rests at a stand still upon a projection A³ on the right. When it has been moved
over its course it alights upon a similar projection.
Upon the concave side of N the said sector carries the contact of both fields F and
F which run over the stops. Shortly before the termination of its active motion the
sector strikes upon n by means of its projection N². Upon the nave are placed the
insulated rails as shewn and upon the same bear the spring leading to the circuit.
Figure 32 Sheet. 9 shews a side view of the apparatus. The first thing noticeable is
only the circuit spring which receives the circuit wire and further places the same in
communication with the circuit spring of each single entire sign. Near to this circuit
wire are arranged the elementary sign springs of each single whole sign disposed as
shewn in the drawing in a bifurcated form. These rest upon ebonite like the
springs W and W³ placed opposite one another upon the forked ends. W2 and W³
carry a somewhat hollowed plate of ebonite or porcelain upon which the corresponding
sign is written and which the operator grasps in such a manner as to place, when he
pulls the sector to the left hand side as shewn in the drawing, the thumb of his right
band within the cavity of the ebonite or porcelain plate mounted upon W. Now the
operator gives a pull and the sign is transmitted. The same manipulation takes place
in the return course. By this arrangement the making of different spring contact
devices is prevented for each "draw" or push." This construction shewn on
Sheet 9 can also be used for the multiple transmitter.
In Figure 33 sheet 10 C is a disc mounted upon two bearings which carry the
stops, y, z,, ¹, and which is set in motion by means of a crank handle.
The stops slide in the ordinary manner when the disc is revolved upon the steel
knobs of the contacts which are arranged on a set of five metallic rings. The same
are placed in the shell S10 surrounding the disc C2 and are fixed with screws so that
each ring can be separately withdrawn.
The contacts lying in the rings are shewn in Figure 33 of the drawings.
The contacts themselves are arranged in the manner shewn in Figure 37
Sheet 11. Each ring has twelve inner flat sides upon which are screwed the bed
plates m². The spring P which is prevented from rising too high by the strap n
Figure 37 carries a steel knob. Besides the spring P rest deeper upon the ebonite
piece the springs and of each single contact. 9 is the spring connected to the
positive pole by the number and Greek letter contacts and to earth by means of the
earth contacts, while the spring of the earth contact is connected with the of
the corresponding number or Greek letter contacts, whence the corresponding separate
circuits for the letter knob disc go to the respective letters. In this construction the
wires leading to or from these springs pass over a layer of ebonite placed on one set
of the rings.
The contacts are arranged in the rings according to the schematic view of the
contacts shewn in sheet 12 and these rings are firmly screwed in the shell S
enclosing them.

page_text: The contacts are arranged in the rings in the following order. Upon the ring R¹
are placed the contacts to E" leaving the side or division 11 empty. Upon the
ring R are the contacts from 1 to 11 leaving like vise the side or division 11
unoccupied.
The Greek contacts are so distributed that a, y, ε, n. 1, A, (ring 3) rest upon the
sides 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 while 3, 8, 2, 8, x, rest upon 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 (ring 4). The
two last rings are somewhat shifted as shewn in dotted lines in Figure 34.
Respecting the contact E. a to E A, the following alteration is effected in those shewn in
Figure 6 sheet 2. Hitherto the earth contacts E a to EA were at the same height as
the earth contacts E¹ to E", and hence it was possible to allow the Greek letter
contacts to operate so long by means of the stops and ¹, until they arrived short of
the limit of the operation of their respective earth contact. There was obtained there-
fore a longer closed circuit (at the battery) and a consequent shorter closed earth
circuit.
This is produced with a where the previous longer duration of the dash a given
by which followed immediately the shorter duration (given by ¹) of the earth
contact E a was indicated.
Now experience teaches that with the rapid transmission of signs with the said
apparatus the dashes were followed by an earth current of insufficient length whereby
the circuit was not suitably discharged. In order to remedy this evil the duration of
the dash sign current is made equal to that of the corresponding current or "Earth'
Circuit." A longer and sufficient duration of the time taken by the discharge
follows the dot signs through the stop a making a longer closed contact or
Circuit" than that given by the dot sign current, and so giving time for the current
to be discharged.
Earth
In Figure 33 sheet 10 there is mounted upon the crank axle a supplementary
and smaller disc made of one piece, it may be however understood that the disc can
be divided into two as shewn in Figures 38 and 38* sheet 11. When the axle is in
its normal position and the handle perpendicular below figures 33 and 38, there is
placed upon the disc D, an excentric steel boss D2 (figure 35) which runs in such a
manner upon the lever that the insulated steel plate e' (placed on Q) presses
against the steel plate e arranged upon the spring d so that the contact d, d', is
thereby made. If now the crank axle is turned to the left, the boss D³, slides off the
lever which falls upon the projection Q¹ under the action of a spring. Immediately
after the stops, figure 37, commence acting upon the contacts. When all the
contacts have passed away from the stops and hence if a has slipped from E" and
from E, (figure 33) the disc D₁ commences to move upon Q and with a normal
current the position shewn in figure 38 obtains.
The crank handle arrangement may also be arranged for automatic driving as
shewn in Figure 38°. sheet 11°. In this arrangement the crank handle is dispensed
with being replaced by a disc S which is provided with a notch in which gears the
lever Tin its normal position and thus holds the said disc firmly. When however
the magnet m², is rendered magnetic, T is raised out of the notch, the disc S is
released and revolves (actuated by clockwork) once upon its axis until the lever
released meanwhile by the magnet M² re-engages with the notch, in the disc. By
this single revolution all the 44 contacts are operated. The raising of of the lever T
out of the notch in the disc is effected in the following manner.
The letter knob in this case for the letter ell is depressed. Besides the
springs and L before described, the springs f¹ and f, on the one hand and f³
and on the other are thereby metallically connected together. Owing to the
connection of f1, and fx, the battery B³ is closed around M² and hence T is attracted.
The disc S now released revolves, in consequence, whereof the contacts are operated.
When the commencement of this operation lies in the direction of the line L, there is
in the direction of the line L' a separate contact perhaps on the sixth ring ƒ³, f*,
which is likewise closed by a separate stop when the operation of the other contact
has begun, and thus the current from Battery B is closed around M and the

page_text: armature lever H' is attracted by M. Owing to the displacement of H', the current
from the Battery B³ is opened at m¹, m² so that the magnet M2 releases at once
the lever T in order to fall at the right moment in the notch of the disc S.
By the depression of the letter Knob, f³ and f* were connected together to the
circuit. Through this contact f³f the intermediate current was hitherto retained in
the coils M (from the Battery B) which passing through the contacts a³, a³, just
closed by the displacement of His so long subjected to the effect of the attraction or
displacement of H (with respect to the current from B³ being kept open in M²)
until the finger is raised from the letter knob whereupon H' returns to its normal
position.
With this arrangement of the automatic contrivance, the operator is enabled to
attend only the letter knob bar or board upon which he presses at regular intervals
on the necessary letters.
The telegraphist has thus only to impart an energetic revolution to the crank
handle for each whole sign, after having previously depressed the corresponding sign
on the knob board,
In
It is very easy to linger each time for a short while upon this deepest position of
the crank and particularly more so when so much play is given to the action of the
boss D upon Q so that immediately after the said boss has left the last contact
knobs, this crank enters into action and makes the contact dd' ceasing shortly
before the commencement of the operation of the stop y or upon 1 or a.
order that the telegraphist may ascertain from feeling or hearing the deepest
position of the crank a spring lever is arranged upon one half of the disc 5ª
figures 33 and 38 which at the deepest position of the crank drops into a notch
of the disc 5 whereby the spring arm causes a bell to be rung.
Sheets 13, 14, and 15 shew the single letter sectors. Each single letter has its
own metallic spring sector. These are let in in a wooden wall so that the pressure.
knobs marked with their signs (letter, number, punctuation, service) may be turned
towards the operator. Each knob is furnished with a depression or cavity in which
the telegraphist places his thumb wherewith he forthwith pushes so to say the whole
of any clastic sector in the wall, for all the sectors project from the wooden wall.
The sectors work through guides not shewn in the drawing. Upon the periphery of
the sectors are placed the short and long stops. The short stops produce the dot
signs and the long stops. the dashes. Each sign stop follows an Earth stop;
theso
earth stops are placed a little deeper than the sign stops. The motion of the sector
causes the stops to slide upon the steel knobs of the corresponding and opposite
springs P
These springs are prevented from yielding too far by the straps n°. Upon sheet 13
the sign springs are shewn for the sake of clearness sideways to the earth springs ;
but they are parallel as shewn in sheet 15.
The lever and springs n, o, d, d', a, a', the battery B³ the lever H the electro-
magnets M, M, the arms or projections N1, N2 operate in the ordinary manner.
The circuit is laid on to the last d and enters from the first d to the apparatus
(resting position of the apparatus when receiving). Each motion of the sector
caused by a pressure on the knob throws the apparatus out of the circuit. The
first stop (whether dot or dash) presses upon the sign spring.
The positive pole is connected to the circuit during a period of time corresponding
to the length of one of the stops by means of the lower insulated plate.
When this sign is transmitted the earth stop comes immediately to the steel knob
of the earth spring and the circuit is connected to earth. When the whole sign is
transmitted, the pressure of the thumb is released and all the stops slide back upon
the steel knobs, whereby the supply of current in the circuit is arrested owing to the
operation of the lever or armature H.
In sheets 14 and 15 figures 41 and 45 shew an arrangement of the sectors, devised
for alternate currents that is to say normal currents for dots and inverted currents
for dashes. It is exactly as shewn in Sheet 13 only there are three rows of stops
close to one another. The cross hatched stops or steel knobs figures 41 and 45 are
B

page_text: therefor the inverted currents and hence for the dashes. The strap n which is only
of mechanical importance has a circuiting importance with the springs for the
inverted currents. Sheet 14 shews the inversion. The sign "A (half of the
sign a given in figure 41) requires first a dot. By means of a depression
the positive pole is connected by the spring to the circuit.
The dot is completed. Then an earth stop comes up to the earth spring and here
the circuit is laid to earth. Then comes the dash sign. If the spring is depressed by
a stop, the contact between spring P and strap n is first broken and hence the
negative pole is next laid by earth, then the two push each of the lower metal plates
insulated from one another, upon its respective pair of springs.
The negative pole is connected to the circuit by one contact and the positive pole
to earth by another, and thus is produced the inverted current for the dash signs,
Instead of horizontal sectors vertical levers may be employed, by analogy with
figure 27. In the alternate current transmitter shewn in Sheet 16, there are
altogether 43 contacts and for both contact fields, viz. :
The contact knobs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 are for the transmission of the dot
signs and the contact knobs a, ẞ, y, d, ε, 2, 2, are for the transmission of the dash
signs.
The 9 E contacts permit the connection of the circuit to earth after each sign.
The dot contacts start a current having a contrary direction to that of the current
started by the dash contacts.
These five rows of contacts are mounted in 5 rings R', R2, R³, R*, R' (figure 33)
the first and third of which carry the contacts 1 to 9, while the 2nd and 4th rings
carry the contacts a to 8 and the fifth ring carries the contacts E¹ to E°.
The contact rows from 1 to 9 come in contact with a short pad, the contact rows
from a to are in contact with a somewhat larger pad and the contact rows
from E¹ to E' are likewise in contact with a still longer pad. By pressing the
various pads upon the corresponding contacts from 1 to 9 the places of contact + and v²
on the one hand and the places of contact and w² on the other side are in metallic
connection.
By pressing the pad against the contacts from a to 2, the contacts P³ p¹ and P³ p²
are opened while the contacts and L on the one hand and the contacts p p on the
other are closed. By pressing the pad against the contacts E¹ to E, the
contacts LE are closed. When a Morse sign commencing with 1 and hence with a
dot is transmitted, the current circulates as follows: through 9 dots, the positive pole,
contact in 1, contact to spring 1 of the knob board, thence to L and hence in the
circuit, then on the other side thereof through d d under the action of M² M³,
while M M (which are similar magnets arranged by the side of- M² M³, but not
shewn in the drawings) remain unaffected, through earth, this side of earth to the
knob board, spring z, contact 2 of 1, lastly arriving at the negative pole. A
simultaneous closure of the current effected in another manner through a when the
latter is pressed down at the same time is absolutely impossible.
It is likewise impossible to obtain a circuit through 1, when a Morse sign
commencing with a and hence with a dash, is pressed upon the knob board. In
this last case the circuit as follows: break dash signs (6 signs) + pole, knob board,
spring a, contacts p³ and p¹ of a to earth (the passage of the current through p² to
the negative pole is impossible, as at this moment is already shifted by Ps and
earth is off from the negative pole,) on the other side of earth by the action of
M and M (M² M³ not operating) through d d', circuit on this side, contacts Lc of a,
through the metal rails to the spring, contact z of 1 which is closed at this

page_text: moment, through p above a and thence to the negative pole. The pad pressing
upon E connects the circuit to earth after the transmission of the sign 1.
the
t" is
The armature or distributing lever H₁ is moved in the ordinary manner by the
attraction of the magnets M M¹. The positive current of the battery B¹ is, as bis
separated from 6', laid away from all the positive spring of contacts 1 to 9 in F. On
the contrary it is laid on to all the positive springs of the contacts 1 to 9 in F
through 61, 62, 68. The negative current takes instead of the course c
course c² (contact a³ a³ operates in the ordinary manner). The letter knob "
pressed and the springs a and 2 are metallically united on the one hand and
springs a and on the other contact a of F is pressed on at the same time as the
contact 1, but a must alone operate. Following the course of the current the same
issues from the positive pole of the battery B₁ passes through 61, 62, 68 until it reaches
all the positive springs of the contacts 1 to 9 in F'.
But at the same time the positive current for all pure dash signs or for those in
which a dash also presents itself near the dots passes away through enters
below "" in spring
a (it cannot go any further through contact 1 in F¹, for Vin
contact 1 has no access whatever to wire i nor to any of the springs 1 of a letter).
From spring a below "t" further to wire a and spring p³, below contact a in F,
therein, (as are momentarily metallically connected) through p above contact B
towards, and thence down to earth, thus the positive pole is led to earth.
By the momentary separation of p¹ and Ps the negative pole is disconnected from
earth.
The inverse current returns now through circuit, enters below contact a, passes
from spring L to spring æ, from wire a a to springs a below "t," there by spring
through wire in the momentarily depressed spring z (below the contact 1 of F²)
towards spring w², through p³ (above contact a in F, connection p³ pl P³ from a is
interrupted at p P³) e³ c², back to the negative pole. Thus: A negative current is
given for the dash sign "." The springs placed upon the letter knobs have all
connections of the same name together. All springs 1 at 1, all springs ≈ at z, all a
at a, ẞ at B, a ata, a ßate ẞ, 21 at 21 23 at 2 and the like.
The connection of the same to the wires can be seen in the drawing. The letter
division of sheet 16 with plates (6) (7) (8) have the name of (6) dot (7) state
telegram free of charge (8) errors.
with. The earth contacts remain.
.C
With alternate currents and the crank turning device the contact field F² is dispensed
There are 9 dots 8 dashes and 9 earth contacts,
hence 26 contacts. All the wire connections with the spring of the contact fiell F
and of same name are suppressed they have only the access to F¹ through 'the
connecting wires to the letter knob springs from all of F1 towards the respective
wires xa, ẞy &c. tax ẞ, xy for instance in contact 0 of F¹ from a in the same
towards wire and spring z 8. The connection of wire x Z, with a in Z of F2 is dispensed
with. From all p³ through wires a ẞy & &c. to springs a. ß, y, z, &c. say for instance
in contact of connection between p³ and wire & to spring & connection wire &
spring in of F2 is omitted &c. All connections of the wires to 2 with the
springs of the contacts 1 to 9 in F are suppressed. All connections of wires 1 to 9
with the springs of the contacts 1 to 9 in Fare likewise suppressed. The distributing
lever Has armature is dispensed with, the positive pole is directly placed at all
positive springs of contacts 1 to 9 and at all positive springs of the letters which in
the lever arrangement received its positive current from . The negative pole is
directly placed on point p³ above contact Z.
8
The multiple transmitter differs from the single transmitter owing to the inter-
calation of a few contacts (Figure 66 Sheet XXI) between the contacts E a, to E λ;
there is used in this case the steel knob contact G2 which is passed over by the padl
(figure 10) before 1 and a are touched by their respective pads. At the contact (+2
the spring lies direct on the line while the positive pole lies at the spring g of the
same contact. These contact springs g h (figure 27°) of the contact G being
connected by a contact with the pad c¹ (6gure 10), there results a singlo positive
current impulse for the multiple receiver.

page_text: In the course of this row of contacts, all of which are passed over by the pad el,
(figure 10) is placed the contact steel knob y adjoining G and whose contact
spring gis,laid to earth while its contact spring is connected to the circuit,
(figure 37")...
The circuit is connected to earth by the action of this contact, the other rows
of contacts coming successively into operation. When this is accomplished, a
simultaneous.action of two contacts ensues, one of these contacts the contact G³
being intercalated between the contacts Eto. E" while the other contact Gis
intercalated in the course of the contacts Ea to E λ, G³ is acted upon by the
pada and G by the pad al.
The negative pole is connected to the circuit by the contact spring g (figure 37")
of the steel knob G³ (figure 66) while the positive pole is connected to earth by
the contact spring of the steel knob G. Under the influence of, the steel
knob G³, there is placed finally another contact Y by the action of which the
circuit is connected to earth.
When I
The multiple receiving apparatus shewn in plan in Figure 48 sheet 17 and in
side elevation figure 47 shews in its system of armatures three electro magnets
L M and O to which belong the oscillating double levers L', M' 01.
attracts the lever or armature L' by means of the cross piece a the lever end ẞ
presses by means of a projection the lever end y downwardly while the lever
end of raises the lever end E of O whereby Z of O' moves downwardiy. This
lifting of E by takes place by means of the insulated projection (of 8) and K
(of E) which are both of circuiting importance.
When E bears against 0 (figures 56 and 56) then rests with its insulated
contacts and u against and u. If it is proposed to close a current passing
through by means of the contact closing of then it is clear that e will bear
upon so long as this current lasts. Accordingly the lever end of M' can fall
back again in its normal position without e following it. If the insulated contact a
figure 51 is arranged at the end y of the magnet M¹, this contact striking upon
the insulated spring placed between the two cylinders of the magnet whereby a
current circulating through M will be closed, it will be obvious that y will remain
upon M so long as this current continues.
.
The end of M which lies in its normal position as shewn in figure 55" rises
when γ is attracted by M in the manner shewn in Figure 59 sheet 18.
The
lower insulated contacts v, vy, y¹ are released. Through, K and with it the
end E is raised. The projection y' (insulated from M³) raises the spring n
away from the insulated metallic piece A. Projection (likewise insulated from M 8)
next brings the spring in contact with spring and raises forthwith the latter
away from insulated %. For the striking of the springs and, instead of the
mode and manner of operating shewn in the above drawing the construction
illustrated in figure 61 sheet 18 is highly suitable. In this construction is an
insulated angle piece placed below M' 8 and through which the spring passes being
fixed to a metal strap which is connected with y to the circuit." When raised the
angle piece forthwith presses upon z, while the insulated pin n projecting below³
is raised with it whereby the spring bar A follows the pin for a moment until A is
firmly held by a projection while becomes entirely detached from A. Hence all the
contacts will be held, respecting their beginning and duration, as shewn in figure 59.
The contact pieces V₁ and y' are set screws.
The end a of the armature L' (below L) is shewn in figures-49 and 50 of sheet 17.
It carries at the top the insulated metal plate o, and below the insulated metal plate p.
In its normal position p rests upon the insulated metal piece q, while when L'is
drawn by L, the plate o strikes against the insulated spring whose free extremity
rests upon a piece of ebonite
Besides the magnets L M O, there is another magnet P which attracts in certain
cases the double lever or armature P¹. In figure 64 sheet 19 the cross projection of
the armature P which bears upon the core of P is shewn in its normal position. P¹
strikes with its upper insulated metal knobs t¹ and 3 against the insulated metal

page_text: plates t² making a contact while owing to the magnet P attracting the armature P¹.
its lower insulated metal piece w strikes upon the insulated spring wi whereby a
current passing through P is closed, and accordingly after the contact between w
and the armature PI will be held firmly upon P, until this current is broken. The
other end of the armature P¹ is shown in figure 53 of sheet 17. The insulated metal
knob u lies in its normal position upon the insulated spring w¹. When P is attracted
by P, the contact is released and a similarly constructed upper contact a al
is established.
The
In figure 54 the two relay magnets (double lever) T and U are shewn.
armature T is attracted by T through the positive current, while U remains
indifferent to U, on the contrary U₁ is attracted by U through the positive pole
while T remains indifferent towards T. The wire connections of the other ends
of T and U are shewn in figure 63 sheet 19. From figure 65 sheet 20 it will be
seen that the three receiving apparatus are brought into action one after the other
by the current following different directions. When the receiving apparatus 1 is ready
to receive there, a normal current will follow from the transmitting apparatus
which prepares the printing magnets of E, A, I, for the reception of signs. Then
follow the eventual sign producing currents for E, A, I. and after the transmission
of the sign an inverse current which upsets all the combinations of the positions
of lever hitherto effected in E, A, I, through the opening of the current and sets
the receiving apparatus II in such a manner, that a normal current following again
now in F, A, II, prepares the printing magnets for the reception of signs. This
printing again reproduces the signs which may have been sent. An inverse current
following for the transmission of signs upsets by opening the current, all the lever
arrangements also at E, A, II, and E, A, III is now subjected to a similar action of
the normal, of the sign and of the inverse current.
It will be thus found that it is first divided between three separate transmitters,
transmitter I corresponding with E, A, I, transmitter II with EA II and trans-
mitter III with E A III. Secondly each one of these transmitters has to deliver: 1 a
positive current, 2 the sign current, 3 the negative current, further each single
transmitter has to be placed in communication with the circuit and the battery for
the moment of its operation and this is effected in the following manner.
As general form for the multiple transmitter the construction of single trans-
mitter shewn in sheet 7 is retained, in which a lever H glides away over the
convex contact knob row of the contact fields F1 and F2, while it depresses
according to their order of sequence the steel knobs of the contact 1 (a) &c. by means
of the steel stops, y, z z¹¹ and so on. While the telegraphist depresses the
corresponding knob of the letter disc he draws the lever H by regular pulls in the
opposite position and hence the required sign is transmitted wholly and with all its
elementary signs, dots and dashes. Now the operator presses the following sign on
the letter disc, and pushes the lever back again and thus the second sign is also trans-
mitted &c. It has been already described how the first sign was transmitted by the
contact field F; the second by the contact field F2 and both through the intermediary
of the distributing lever H¹.
In figure 66 sheet 21, the position of the lever H¹ of single transmitter is
schematically represented by the dotted inner radius R. The outer radii R
represent the position of the lever H' in multiple transmitters; it will be seen
therefrom that the lever H travels in the latter case (a notion from left to right
indicates attraction, while a motion from right to left indicates repulsion) with its
stops over the contacts Y¹ G' and G2 (these two last ones pressing together) and Y'
before it reaches the contact field F which is effective in this case. When it has
gone over the latter it has yet to pass through contact Y3 G3 and G* (acting at the
same time upon the two last ones) and Y.
The action of Y¹ G1 G2 Y and Ý³ G G Y serves for both contacts fields F1 and F'
with this difference only that during attraction the new contacts operate in the following
manner: Y¹ operates a connection or earth circuit. G1 G2 lead the positive pole to
the circuit and supply the required positive current. Y2 operates the earth circuit

page_text: and leads to earth the residue of the positive current. Then follows the transmission
of signs of the contact field F1, when Y³ earth circuit. G³ G lead the positive pole to
earth, and the negative pole to the circuit (the negative pole away from earth also
produces the negative current). Y earth circuit conducts the remains of the negative
current to earth.
"
By a push from right to left the contacts Y4 G³ G' Y³ Y2 G' G² Y exhibit
the following action for which they are fitted by the shifting of the distributing lever H¹
which takes place in the meantime (through contacts o n).
Yearth circuit for a push," G G³ lead now (in opposition to the previous one)
the positive pole to the circuit, while the negative pole remains to earth, they produce
the required positive current for the reception of the sign from F and for the
resetting of E AI after E A. Il and E A III have been meanwhile operating for the
transmission of signs. Y³ earth circuit conducts the residue of this positive current
to earth. Then follows the transmission of signs of the contact field F2 and there-
upon earth circuit. G' G¹ lead now (in opposition to the above) the positive
pole to earth and the negative pole to the circuit (negative pole proceeding from earth)
and thus produce the required negative current. Yearth circuit conducts the
residuum of this negative current to earth.
Between the attraction and repulsion of transmitter 1, the attractive action of
transmitter II and III now commences. Transmitter II first attracts (in the manner
above described) and then remains still a moment and allows of the attraction of
transmitter III being effected. The completion of this repeated attraction (or
repulsion) can be distinctly heard; as the operators stand close by one another, they
can follow with the ear the timely stroke of the other levers and set their own lever
accordingly. After the transmitter 1II bas effected an attraction, transmitter I
accomplishes the repulsion or push, then transmitters II and III successively accom-
plish theirs.
"
"
In the main figure 67 sheet 22, transmitter I, the contacts Y¹ G¹ G' up to Y* are
drawn for the sake of clearness unproportionately large. It can however be easily
seen that they lie in the following directions. G' G² G³ G4 in the direction of the
semi long earth stop Yo, and Y Y Y Y in the direction of the long dash stop Y.
Hence the advantage can be perceived that the connection to
battery circuit'
and the transmission of current (for setting the receiving apparatus) is shorter
than the arrangement "Earth circuit." Owing to the greater duration of the
latter the circuit is also fully discharged. In the annexed drawing the following
are pressed upon: Y₁ and Y2 by stop (at lever H¹) G₁ by stop 3, G4 by 2³,
G² by a². In practical constructions (and for a
regular operation of the stops)
acts upon y¹, 21 upon y, upon y³, 23 upon y*.
The modus operandi is as follows:-
Transmitter will give the sign letter O. The operator depresses the O carrying
knob of the letter disc. The lever H° of transmitter I lies by means of N' upon
the lever d in such a manner that the latter cannot press the insulated plates 4° 5° 6ª
mounted thereon against the corresponding springs 4, 5, 6, which would however
occur if after the withdrawal of H° (or N₁) the lever d was drawn by the spring,
whereby plate a¹ would also strike the spring a.
As now the closed contact 4,-4" operates the junction of transmitter I with the
line, it will be obvious that by opening this contact and when the transmitter is at a
standstill, transmitter I is entirely cut out from the circuit. The drawing shews how
the same thing is carried out in transmitters II and III. In the same manner, by
the opening of contacts 5,-5ª the positive pole is disconnected in all the trans-
mitters, while the opening of contacts 6,-6 likewise disconnects the negative pole
therefrom.
.
When the operator I draws the lever H₁ of transmitter I to him then the stop
first runs against the contact knob Y¹ after the contacts 4-4ª, 5-5, 6-6 are
thereby closed. In this manner the circuit is connected to earth. This is as already
stated for the attraction without signalling, yet the connecting path can be shortly
followed: i.e. Circuit, divisional points x 4" 4, 3° 3, point x, wire 31, spring 13, lower

page_text: insulated metal plates to³ of Y₁, spring 12 to wire 11 which leads through K to
earth E° so that the earth circuit is established. (That in the meantime the operator
has already led by a pressure of the finger the circuit in letter to the small
springs a, y, e is without inconvenience as these have nowhere any other connection
which only takes place later when the contact field F' enters in action.) Then Y¹ is
transmitted. G₁G will at the same time become depressed. There should he
This current passes
supplied according to the above conditions a positive current.
E
through the positive pole of B1, 7, 1, 1, 5, 5 divisional point a². From this onward
the path 7, 7" 7, m³-b³ 14 35, contact 11 of contact field F¹, 7, 9 w³ of G¹ 10,
36 01 remains without action.
It can be seen from the latter that G₁ has no importance for the passage of the
circuit by "push or pull" (first by "push ").
On the contrary the following path is fully active: 74 (through the metallic
combination between 2 and 3) 2127 spring 30, w2 34, 31, 3,-3", 4,-4" al circuit.
Also positive pole to circuit. The following path remains also inactive: 30, w³ 2!),
29, (27 and 28 do not lead at the moment to w¹) 33, 23. The return passage of
this current is on the opposite side through the magnets T and U of the relay and on
the same side through earth, on this side through earth ¹ 116, 11, 11, 2, 1, 11',
22 w¹ of g³, 23, 11, 11, m², m³, 3, 6, 6ª, 2, 2, 8 and negative pole.
In order to thoroughly discharge the circuit from the residue of this positive
pole, the circuit is led by the following depression of the contact Y2, through the
springs 14 and 15 to earth (connection between the wire 31 through 15 w³, 14) and
from wire 11 to earth E°.
E
The operator transmits or gives its depressed sign, letter O through the
springs a ye placed on the line. The operation of the contact field F¹ commences.
The positive current passes through 2 34 35 contact 11 and through all the contacts
in their successive order which are connected with the circuit in the letter knobs.
The corresponding earth connections lead likewise through cc, 37, E" according
to their order, to the circuit. When the contact field is dispatched, Y³ enters into
action while it leads the circuit to earth but without effect (31 to 11) and through 17,
wand 16. Thereupon follows a simultaneous depression of G³ G.
There must therefore be an inverse current supplied in order to set E A I in
action. This inverse current circulates from the positive pole of B₁ to 7, 1, 1, 5º,
5, № 7°, 21 w³ of G₁ (which is now pressed at the same time as G³) 20. 11ª, m³, m³
11° 11 earth E°, and thus the positive current is connected to earth.
The earth is disconnected from the negative pole through the interruption first effected
of the connection 22, w¹ 23 of G³. The connection between earth and the negative
pole lies as above mentioned through k¹, 11, k², 11, 11º, h¹, ¿³, 11ª, 22, w¹ of G³, :3,
11, 11, m, m2, 3 and negative pole.
The positive current of the inverted current returns through U, T circuit, on this
side through x¹, 4, 4, 3ª, 3, 2, 31, 31ª, 26, w³, 24, 118, 11ª, m³, m², x³, 6, 6ª, 2ª, 2, 8,
negative pole.
The following path or way remains inactive: 24, 25, 38, me as also the path x,
32 through the springs a, y, & leading to the circuit to the contacts at F1, while these
are momentarily no further acted upon. The depression of Y' upon 13 and 19 now
following serves to discharge the circuit from the residuum of this inverse current
first produced, the connection circuit to earth E° (wires 31 and 11) E AI is released
on the opposite side by the negative current and E A II enters into action. The
same series of operations commence now with transmitter II as has been described for
transmitter [. To enable such operations to take place the projection N2 of the lever
of transmitter I strikes upon lever n thus turning the latter thereby causing the circuit
as well as the positive and negative poles of B₁ to be disconnected fully from trans-
mitter by the opening of the contacts 1, 1ª, 2, 2, 3, 3, while they are immediately.
connected to transmitter 11 through the motion of its lever.
In this turning of the lever n of transmitter I, the contact on is established. The
winding or coils H are thereby filled with the current from the battery B2, and the
distributing lever or armature H¹ is attracted by its left extremity whereby all

page_text: the contacts of the metallic projections c¹ m³ z¹ b³, h¹ m with their corresponding
springs mm² are released, while on the contrary the-upper contacts c², c³,
11. 12², 0¹, n¹, i², 1², z³, zª, m³, m², a², a³, become active. Contacts a a produce the
intermediate currents through M which was prepared therefore through the con-
tacts a¹ a made by the withdrawal of the projection N from d, so that when later
on (after the sign has been sent by transmitters II and III) the lever n is withdrawn
again from o, the lever H¹ consequently attracted by the magnet remains in its
position while the coils M remain full of current until later on a' and a are again
separated.
Should there occur any injurious induction effects in the coils, the armature H¹
must have its left extremity made in the shape of a fork or formed with a crosspiece.
M and M appear as separate magnets and each one attracts the forked end or cross-
piece of which is placed above the same.
The required distribution of currents for the return of the lever H° also for its
repulsion or withdrawal, positive current, sign currents, negative current take place in
the following manner. First Y leads the circuit (31) to earth E° (11) which however
is non effective on the return travel. Then G³ and G are simultaneously depressed,
but do not give as before a negative current, but a positive current through 3, 7,
7 m² m² 38, 25, w³ of G³, 26, 31, 31 and hence to circuit (the simultaneous arrange-
ment of 3 of G₁ with 20 and 21 remains uneffective, as the current a² 7, 21, w³, 20,
11 runs away in m³); Return of the positive current (through T, U, earth E of the
other side) on this side through earth 'E". k¹, 11", k², 11, 11, 12, 12, 39, 28, w¹ of G³,
27, 29, 33, 3, 21, 3, negative pole. Y³ discharges the residuum of this current.
Through the new contacts b¹ 62 c2 c³ the contact field F is intercalated with the sign
and earth contacts as was already the case in the single transmitter, while F¹ was
thrown out through the opening of 1,³ and e² c¹. (The operator having pressed
the letters S upon the knob board in the return way and by "push," it will be easily
seen from the above how S will be relieved by contacts 1, 2, 3.)
Y leads the circuit without effect to earth.
Then Gand G2 are simultaneously pressed, and there must be a negative current
produced thereby.
It follows through the positive pole, 22, 7° 9, w³ of G¹, 10, 36, 01, n¹, k¹ earth Eº,
and thus the positive pole goes to earth. (The path n', c², c³ to contact E¹ in F
remains ineffective while the contacts of F are no more acting at this moment).
On the other side (at the receiving station) earth, U, T, circuit; on this side a 4",
4, 3° 3 31 to 34, w² of G² 29, 29, 33, 3, 2x3 to the negative pole.
The earth is hereby disconnected from the negative pole. By opening the
contact 28, ¹ of G² 27 which is on the way from earth to the negative pole
through, 11, ² 11³, 11°, h³, 1ª, 39, 28 w¹ of G2, 27, 29, 33, 23, 1, ³, negative pole.
Yoperates for closing the discharge of this negative current.
By the striking of N upon d the line is disconnected from transmitter I and now
commence the pushing motions in transmitters II and III. Each single transmitter
has its own magnets M M², its own distributing lever H' and obviously its own letter
knob disc and contact field, in common there is only the earth E°.
A system constructed as a multiple sender with a lever H¹ can be converted into
a single transmitter by adding oscillating bridges and metallic combinations capable
of being thrown in our out, through which the wires required for the alterations will
also be able to be thrown in or out. In sheet 23, figure 73 is similar to the con-
struction of a single transmitter (crank axle arrangement). The difference is first in
the lever Q. Its left end is turned downward in its normal position by stop D2 as in
single transmitters (compare with figure 38 of sheet 11) whereby the right end which
carries a crosspiece is raised. The insulated steel projections are thereby kept
separated in all transmitters (3 in the present case) from the steel plates e²
springs 4, 5, 6. When in transmitter I the disc Cor D¹ is turned (figure 33
sheet 10) the moment will immediately arrive in which the left lever end is with-
drawn from stop D². Then the right end falls with e' upon all 3 of 4, 5, 6 in trans-
mitter I whereby 4 enters in contact with 4ª, 5 with 5" and 6 with 6º. Through the
on

page_text: contact 4, 4 the circuit is intercalated, through 5-5" the positive pole,
through 6-6 the negative pole without any of these three contacts becoming active.
This occurs first when the contacts G', G2, G3, G', operate, G¹ and G2 are placed in
front of the contacts 1 and a, so that they enter into action before the same, so the
contact G is impressed upon by the short stop y, G' by the same long earth stops
which closes the earth contacts from E to E. G₁ closes namely the positive current
required for setting the printing magnet I in the receiving apparatus, G³ yields the
earth circuit to this current. When G' is pressed down, its lower insulated metal
plate presses upon the two springs v² thus joining the same metallically. There
the positive pole is connected by 5, 5 to the circuit, the positive pole enters the same
through 4, 4, and then G2 is acted upon by a. The springs, vt (below G³) are
metallically connected and the line leads to earth. Thereupon the whole sign will
be transmitted by the printing magnets already prepared therefor.
After the dispatch of all the contacts 1 to 11 or a to λ, the contact G³ enters into
action impelled by stop y (short).
Contact G carries a broader spring P. The strap n' is also used at G¹ G' G',
but it has there only a mechanical importance in order to prevent the too great
expansion of all the springs. At G3 on the contrary n has not only a mechanical but
also a circulating importance and therefore it is therein insulated.
Below G³ are mounted two metal plates insulated from one another the first of
which connects the springs metallically, when G* is depressed, while the second
plate connects the springs and 8.
When G³ is called upon, the contact P³n is first broken and the negative pole is
consequently disconnected from earth (n' is for the sake of clearness drawn broken).
Owing to the metallic combination of ³, and the positive pole is jaid to earth and
the negative pole is laid by 78 to the circuit. The necessary inverse current is
supplied to throw the printing magnet out of the circuit. The then requisite earth
circuit arrangement is effected through contact G, impelled by the semi-
long stop x.
.
Now the single revolution of transmitter I is completed. The bell rings and
transmitter II fulfills the same operations by rotation which have been just accom-
plished by transmitter 1.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is
1. In automatic telegraphs with:
(a). Currents of same direction, the arrangement of 44 contacts E¹ to E, 1 to 11,
a to A and E to Eλ figures 6, 10, 16, 23, 39, which are arranged in consecutive
order in each contact field Fi F, so that the travelling stops, y, z, ¹, ¹, №² y
23 having no importance as regards the circuit may meet during the motion of
the apparatus with the stops or steel knobs of the single contacts, likewise without
influence upon the circuit.
(b) Alternate currents, the arrangement of 26 contacts for one contact field or
43 contacts for two contact fields whereby in the first instance 5 stops meet with
contacts arranged in successive order.
2. In the automatic telegraph claimed in 1* and 1b the arrangement of
(a) Moveable plates № capable of being driven longitudinally or laterally
figures 1, 2, 5, 10, 13, or a circular disc or sector moveable upon a central pivot
Figures 23, 29 in which the travelling stops remained fixed.
(b) Fixed contact fields F F in which the travelling stops are moveable that is
to say are fixed upon a lever H' figure 26 moveable upon the contact fields or upon
a revolving drum C figures 33, 34, 37 whose rotation causes the stops to slide upon
the contact fields F1 F in consequence whereof the closure of the current and the
transmission of the signs takes place.
(c) Single sectors for each single telegraph sign which slide by means of stops upon
two spring contacts, whereby the positive current and the circuit are successively
0

page_text: connected the first to the circuit and the second to earth, while three spring contacts
permit the operation of the positive current circuit, the earth circuit and the negative
current circuit, with alternate currents.
3. The arrangement of a letter disc N figures 14 and 16 which is either move-
able or fixed with the contact fields F1 F2, the former being provided with letters,
figures, punctuation and service signs, so that each of these signs may be transmitted
upon or near the corresponding spring knob figures 11-11 and figures 12 and 1.2ª,
and through whose depressions the signs are produced and transmitted so that a
number of springs corresponding to one of the numbers of elementary signs may
come in contact with the circuit through the pressure knobs, whereby the closure of
the circuit is effected in consequence of the consecutive closing of the corresponding
contacts of the contact field.
4. The arrangement of the distributing lever or armature H:
(a) In single transmitters in which H is attracted or released by the electro-
magnets M M¹, whereby the contact fields F F are subjected alternately to the
action of the current of the sign producing battery.
() In multiple transmitters in which the contacts Y¹ Y Y Y and G1 G2 G3 G₁
are alternately set in operation by a to and fro motion (pull and push) of the
lever H before the signs of each contact field can be produced, a normal or positive
current being developed and followed by an arrangement of earth circuit and further
followed after the sign has been transmitted by an inverted current (negative
current) while a further arrangement of earth circuit completes the operations, the
production of alternate currents regulating the action of each single receiving
apparatus.
5. The arrangement of a multiple receiving apparatus figures 65, 67, 73, in which
several single receiving apparatus are enabled to enter in consecutive order in contact
with their respective transmitting apparatus in such a manner that in these single
receiving apparatus three electro magnets L M O figures 47 and 48 so place their
armatures O, M, L, that a printing magnet Q, is thereby set to receive or return
the sign required, while after such sign has been discharged an electro-magnet P,
reverses by attracting its armature or lever all previous combinations of levers and
sets the following single apparatus ready for a similar manipulation.
Dated this 22nd day of October 1888.
EDWARDS & Co.,
35, Southampton Buildings, London, Agents for Applicants.