IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER
Year: 1840

page_text: BARRATT'S SPECIFICATION.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
BARRATT, of Somerset, Paper Maker, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Twenty-fifth day of November, in the fourth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Thomas Barratt, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority,
that I, the said Thomas Barratt, my exors, admňors, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Thomas Barratt, my exors, admors, or assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-
upon-Tweed, my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
PAPER;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that I, the' said
Thomas Barratt, shall cause a particular description of the nature of my
said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
enrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters
Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully
and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Thomas Barrett do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, are particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being.

page_text: thereon (that is to say):-
My Invention relates, first, to the application of currents of air to pape
when being dried by cylinders heated by.steam.
And secondly, my Invention relates to the application of currents of air to
cool the surface of paper as it passes, after being sized, to the steam drying
cylinders.
may
And in order that Invention
my
explain the Drawing hereunto annexed.
be fully understood; I will proceed to
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1 represents a section of the steam-drying cylinders, such as are
now in use for drying machine-made paper. A, A, are the steam-drying
cylinders, the red line indicating the paper as it comes from the machine in
the state of "engine size or water leaf." B, B, are two pipes having out-
lets C, C, for the air, such outlets being spread into a wide narrow opening,
.as is shown at Figure 2, in order to obtain a thin wide stream of air to sweep
over the surface of the paper, and also on the endless felt, which is shown by
the blue line. D is a reel on to which the paper is wound. It will be seen
that in each pipe C, is placed a throttle valve with an axis passing to the out-
side, in order to regulate the blast of air to the paper. The requisite blast of
air through the pipes B, C, may be produced by rotatory fans or other blowing
apparatus, which will readily be applied by a machinist capable of setting up
the other parts of the machinery, and the pipes B may be brought from any
position, depending on the locality the convenience of the premises may
require the blowing apparatus to be placed in. When the paper is to be
"tub sized," or sized after it has been made, then I cause the paper from the
reel D to pass through any of the mechanical sizing apparatus now used, and
either to be wound on to another reel, and then to be dried by the steam-
drying cylinders, Figure 3, or else to pass directly from the sizing to such
cylinders, Figure 8; and either way in passing to the steam cylinders A¹, A¹.
I cause the paper first to pass over an open reel E, which has a rotatory
fan-F within it, to which a slow rotatory motion. is to be given, so that the
paper will be slightly fanned as it passes round with the reel E. Such fanning
process, I find, produces a similar effect to that obtained by the movement when
hand size parting is being performed on sheets; the fan, having a cooling effect,
acts advantageously on the animal matter of which the size is composed, and
for such purpose the fan is not required to revolve more than about thirty
times per minute; and I prefer that the air so fanned against the
paper by

page_text: the fan F should be as cool as possible; and for such reason, where convenient,
I apply a trunk to the end of the fan leading to an underground tunnel,
though, where the room is well ventilated, this is not absolutely necessary.
G, G, are rollers to carry the paper to the steam-drying cylinder. These drying.
cylinders have like pipes to those above described, applied for bringing currents
of air against the paper, both as it is being dried by the steam cylinders A,
and also as it passes away, and is glazed by the rollers H, H. I would remark,
that, by such means of applying currents of air to paper, very advantageous
results will be obtained in drying paper.
Having thus described the nature of my improvements, I would have it
understood that what I claim as my Invention is,-
First, the mode of drying paper by applying streams of air to the surfaces
as the paper is being dried by steam cylinders, whether in the state of "engine
size or water leaf," or after, sizing, as above described.
And secondly, I claim the application of currents of air to the surface of
paper after sizing, in order to cool the size, as the paper passes to the steam-
drying cylinders, as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Barratt, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fam