matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF BEVERAGES OR OCCASIONAL DRINKS
Year: 1854

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmond Hamilton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th August
1854.
I, EDMOND HAMILTON, of Edinburgh, in the County of Midlothian, North
Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF BEVERAGES OR OCCASIONAL
DRINKS" to be as follows, namely:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture or production of various beverages
or pleasant drinks, to be used instead of wines and ordinary fermented liquors,
and giving all the fine flavor of costly liquors at a cheap rate, and without
entailing any seriously or objectionable intoxicating effects upon the users.
In turning to account the fruits of the country in this way, the fruit, such as
apples, plums, cherries, strawberries, raspberries, and currants, is bruised, and
the juice is then extracted from the mass under pressure. The vinous fer-
mentation of this extracted juice is afterwards permitted to complete itself.
At this stage the product is subjected to the effect of heat, adding honey,
sugar, and any flavoring ingredient which taste may suggest. When cooled
down the product is fermented, and the yeast preferred for the purpose is that
made from extract of strong grain malted, such as beans, for example, mixed.
with the flour of unmalted grain or oatmeal. When this routine is completed,
the drink is put into a cask or vat and fined down, as may be deemed
expedient. Corn drink or beer is also made from unmalted grain, barley

page_text: being preferred, which is primarily immersed in water, to carry off all raw
flavor and color, care being taken to prevent all germination, as in malting.
The grain so treated is then dried, when it is roasted in a kiln to the depth of
color required.
The strength of this treated grain is then extracted by means of boiled
This extract may be boiled or not, to suit the fulness of flavor
required, adding sugar or honey to assist ferimentation; the flavoring ingredients
must be left to taste. When cooled down it must be fermented; the course
preferred being the same as in the first drinks herein-before mentioned.
Decoctions of tea and coffee may also be similarly prepared.
IMPROVEMENTS IN A COMPOSITION OR COMBINATION OF MATERIALS TO BE USED FOR SIZING YARNS AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1854

page_text: his invention recei
Frovisional Iroleation, оw notice to proceed win the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William James Brown at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd September 1854.
I, WILLIAM JAMES BROWN, in the employ of Messrs. Ames, Bush, and Co.,
of the City of Bristol, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN A COMPOSITION OR COMBINATION OF MATERIALS TO BE USED FOR
SIZING YARNS AND OTHER ARTICLES" to be as follows:-
Heretofore the size used for sizing yarns has been made from flour, linseed,
and tallow. Now, my Invention consists in using the following materials for
sizing yarns and other articles, viz., glue of commerce, soft soap, and nitrate
of potash; these are mixed with flour and water, and when boiled are ready for
use.
ECONOMISING THE USE OF GREASE, OIL, OR OTHER LUBRICATING ARTICLES IN AXLE BOXES
Year: 1854

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Thomas Smartt at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th August 1854.
I, GEORGE THOMAS SMARTT, Gentleman, of Doncaster, in the West Riding
of the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "ECONOMISING THE USE OF GREASE, OIL, OR OTHER LUBRICATING ARTICLES IN
AXLE BOXES," to be as follows:-
The nature or principle of my Invention consists in the use or employment
of an "evaporating surface," upon which water or any other fluid or combi-
nation of fluids are caused to evaporate upon the outer surface of axle boxes,
the "supply" of the evaporating fluid being maintained either from a reservoir
attached to the axle box, or conducted to it by means of a tube or tubes.
The "evaporating surface" may either be composed of any description of
cotton, woollen, or other material, the supply of the fluid being maintained
thereby upon the principle of capillary attraction; or porous wood, earthen-
ware, metal, or any other substance may be used, which shall be considered
best suitable to the particular purpose in which the same is required to be
applied.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OR PREPARATION OP DYEING OR COLOURING MATERIALS
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Lister at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd December
1854.
I, JOHN LISTER, of Ruthven, in the County of Perth, North Britain, Dyer,
do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
TREATMENT OR PREPARATION OP DYEING OR COLOURING MATERIALS" to be as follows,
that is to say:-
This Invention relates to an acidulous treatment of various dyeing and
colouring materials, such as Lima wood, logwood, and munjeet, and other
substances, for the purpose of rendering the colours produced from the treated
matters more durable than has been hitherto the case. The material, as Lima
wood, for example, is soaked in diluted sulphuric or hydrochloric acid, and
after being washed for the removal of the free acid, the dyeing matter is then
applied in the ordinary manner; other acids may be used for this purpose, but
sulphuric and hydrochloric acids are preferred. The colours produced from
materials treated in this way are much more durable than those obtained
from untreated matters.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OR METHOD OF RENDERING WOVEN FABRICS WATER- PROOF, AND IN THE SUBSTANCE OR COMPOSITION USED FOR THE PURPOSE
Year: 1854

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Tolputt Stoneham at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
August 1854.
I, JAMES TOLPUTT STONEHAM, of the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, "Manager," do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OR METHOD OF RENDERING WOVEN FABRICS WATER-
PROOF, AND IN THE SUBSTANCE OR COMPOSITION USED FOR THE PURPOSE," to be as
follows:-
I propose to make a composition of tar, oil, resin, bees' wax, and caoutchouc
or solvents of caoutchouc, and mix the same with any felted fibrous matter,
then putting the said mixture on the material to be waterproofed. I force it
into the material by pressure with rollers, similar to calender rollers, or I can
apply the pressure in any of the usual methods. In some cases, especially with
very low kinds of fabrics, instead of the felted fibrous matter I use paper,
the same width and length of the cloth or fabric to be waterproofed, and use
pressure in the same way as when I use felted fibre.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAISING STAMPS EMPLOYED FOR CRUSHING, AND RAMS OR MONKEYS EMPLOYED IN PILE DRIVING AND OTHER LIKE OPERATIONS
Year: 1854

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not "given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
Y
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Walker at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th March 1854.
I, JOHN WALKER, of the City Road, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
RAISING STAMPS EMPLOYED FOR CRUSHING, AND RAMS OR MONKEYS EMPLOYED IN PILE
DRIVING AND OTHER LIKE OPERATIONS" to be as follows:-
The principal object of my improvements is to secure as nearly as possible a
true vertical lift and fall of the stamps of stamping and pulverizing machines,
and of the ram or monkey of pile driving engines, whereby the full effect due
to the falling weight will in each case be obtained, without any such sacrifice
of power from excessive friction in the guides as is produced by the ordinary
means of lifting, especially when the stamps are reduced in length by wear.
The manner in which I propose to carry my Invention into effect is as
follows:-The stamps are to be contained and to work within a strong frame
provided with guides of the usual construction, in which they are capable of
sliding vertically; above the stamps I mount a series of horizontal or slightly
inclined levers, having their fulcrums situated at the back part of the frame,
and extending forward beyond the stamps to about the same distance as their
fulcrums are behind them. I connect the upper extremities of the stamps to
their corresponding levers, at about the mid length of the latter, by means of
links or connecting rods. At the front of the frame I mount a tappet wheel,
at such a level that its axis is in or nearly in the same horizontal plane as the

page_text: fulcrums of the levers, and the wheel in such a position with reference to these
levers that each tappet roller will come under the front end of the correspond-
ing lever, and raise it and the stamp attached to it as the wheel revolves, the
continued revolution of the wheel carrying the roller away from under the end
of the lever, and allowing it to slip off and the stamp to fall. The tappet wheel
is divided into sections, the number of which corresponds to that of the stamps
used, and the rollers in each section are so placed that the series of stamps are
brought into action successively. In cases where the stamps are very heavy I
propose to effect their lifting by means of tappet rollers attached to two
endless pitch chains, which work over pitch rollers at the opposite sides of the
stamps, the tappets being brought to bear simultaneously on the opposite ends
of a bolt passed through the stamps, or on studs projecting from them.
These arrangements are equally applicable in the case of pile driving
engines.
Year: 1854

page_text: of raw unbleached, or colored fabricated, or other material, required to be pre-
pared and bleached for making paper pulp thereof, is to be prepared for boiling
according to any of the modes now in use for that purpose, and then such
material is to be subjected to the following several processes, that is to say:-
Firstly, the same is to be boiled in a solution of alkali, potashes, soda, or
soda ashes, according to the present method of boiling such material.
Secondly, the material in course of preparation is to be cleansed in water
from the solution used in the first process, also according to the present
method.
Thirdly, the material in course of preparation is to be subjected to the
following process, which is an improvement I claim as my Invention, that is
to say: Such material is to undergo a second immersion in a hot or cold
solution of alkali, potashes, soda, or soda ashes, similar to the solution used in
the first process, until it has become saturated with the last-mentioned solution.
Fourthly, the said material is to undergo the usual process of bleaching by
chlorine gas.
And, fifthly, the said material is to be steeped in a hot solution of chlorine
instead of being steeped in a cold solution of chlorine, as at present used in
this process of bleaching.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR WORKING METALS
Year: 1854

page_text: 5
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Fothergill at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th December 1854.
I, BENJAMIN FOTHERGILL, of the City of Manchester, Consulting Engineer
and Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR WORKING METALS" to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in the application of rollers with or without portions
of their surfaces cut away, and also of moulds and dies of other kinds, for the
purpose of drawing, bending, stamping, and forming wrought iron and other
metals into shapes suitable for parts of machinery and other implements.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CUTTING SCREWS
Year: 1854

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isaiah James Machin at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th August
1854.
I, ISAIAH JAMES MACHIN, of St. Giles in the Fields, in tho County of
Middlesex, Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CUTTING SCREWS" to be as follows:-
My said improvements consist of a novel arrangement of steel rollers with
suitable guides and handles, in lieu of the usual stocks and dies, by means of
which I can cut either right or left hand screws by simply reversing the cutter
and action.
Two or more cutters may be employed, and are placed on a metal bridging,
raised a little above the portion carrying the groved rollers, and having also
rollers on the top to follow the thread as it is being cut. The stock being
divided into two portions, cach with a handle, they may be bound together
by screw bolts, a spiral spring being between the head of the bolt and the
stock when it is required to put a screw on an irregularly-formed body.
The novelty of my said Invention consists in the adaptation of steel grooved
rollers, moveable cutters, and springs.
AN IMPROVED FOUNDATION FOR WORKING OUT ORNAMENTAL DESIGNS OR PATTERNS
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Cornelia Mee at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th May 1854.
I, CORNELIA MEE, of Bath, in the County of Somerset, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED FOUNDATION FOR WORKING
OUT ORNAMENTAL DESIGNS OR PATTERNS" to be as follows:-
I propose to print on paper or other suitable material a series of squares
of any size, but so arranged that every square printed thercon shall break
.joint, (horizontally or vertically,) equidistant with the other squares, as shewn
in the accompanying printed Drawings. On this foundation ornamental
designs of any description may be drawn or shaded, and covered with various
coloured bead work or any other suitable material.
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN METALLIC WHEELS FOR RAILWAY AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1854

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Marshall at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th September
1854.
I, WILLIAM MARSHALL, of Wachinghem, Pas de Calais, France, but now
residing at Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Gentleman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS
IN METALLIC WHEELS FOR RAILWAY AND OTHER PURPOSES" to be as follows:-
I
In carrying my Invention into effect, I take pieces of sheet iron or other
metal, and of any required thickness, having the figure of a semicircle,
quadrant, sextant, octant, or other division of a circle, and by pressure and ‹lies
I press a rib or ribs in the said piece of metal, the said ribs being in the
direction of radii, in the circle of which the said piece of metal forms a part; I
prefer to use pieces of metal having the figure of an octant, and to take eight
of the said pieces, and, placing their straight edges together, construct there-
with a wheel. In placing the said octants or other pieces together, so as to
form a circular disc, I place them so that the impressed ribs on one of the
pieces shall be convex, and the pressed ribs on the adjoining piece concave, the
concavity and convexity alternating with the several pieces; I afterwards bind
the several pieces together with a circular bar, which I bind upon the said
pieces by pressure.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BLEACHING
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Partington at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd October
1854.
I, WILLIAM PARTINGTON, of Bonhill, in the County of Dumbarton, North
Britain, Bleacher, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BLEACHING" to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a combination of processes for bleaching textile
materials and woven fabrics, whereby a great saving in cost and time is
effected.
In carrying out the Invention, the materials to be operated upon are first
washed in pure water; in the second place they are "soured" by means of
muriatic acid, which may be used either hot or cold, and the acid is afterwards
washed out of them; thirdly, the materials are boiled in a mixture of rosin
and alkali for about twelve hours, being again well washed thereafter; fourthly,
the materials are again "soured" by means of muriatic acid, hot or cold, being
thereafter again washed; fifthly, the materials are again steeped in a solution
of chlorate of lime, for about four hours; and, sixthly, they are again soured
by means of muriatic acid, hot or cold, and finally well washed in pure water,
this completing the bleaching process.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DECOLORIZING THE JUICES OF BEET ROOT, SUGAR CANE, AND RAW SUGAR, AND REDUCING OR NEUTRALIZING THE EXCESS OF LIME CONTAINED THEREIN
Year: 1854

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Eloi Paulin Castelot at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th December
1854.
I, ELOI PAULIN CASTELOT, of Lierre, in the Kingdom of Belgium, Refiner,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
DECOLORIZING THE JUICES OF BEET ROOT, SUGAR CANE, AND RAW SUGAR, AND
REDUCING OR NEUTRALIZING THE EXCESS OF LIME CONTAINED THEREIN," to be as
follows:-
Instead of the usual process of decolorization, in which animal black, or
charcoal in grain, blood, &c. are used as filtrators, I propose to use animal
black, or charcoal in powder, blood, milk, &c. in direct combination with the
juices of beet root or sugar cane, or by preparatory ebullition with raw sugar
and water, and thus defecate such juices, rendering their crystals brighter and
larger, and the saccharine produce on refining more considerable in quantity
and finer and whiter in appearance.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF EARTHENWARE
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Boulton Venables at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
January 1854.
I, THOMAS BOULTON VENABLES, of Burslem, in the County of Stafford, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF EARTHENWARE" to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the use and employment of certain materials,
matters, or substances not heretofore employed in and for the manufacture of
white earthenware body, and the combining of such said materials, matters, or
And an
substances in the manner and proportions herein-after set forth.
important feature in this Invention consists in dispensing with the necessity for
using flint and Cornwall stone in the manufacture of white earthenware body,
as hitherto practised, and which said materials, when used for making the best
quality of white body, forms very nearly one third part of the entire quantity
of the whole compound. And, further, by dispensing with the use of the
above-mentioned materials, I am enabled to effect a saving of about thirty per
cent. in the cost of manufacture. And as regards the other materials commonly
employed and necessary to form the entire compound or mixture, I employ
the same materials, namely, china clay and ball clay, observing that by this
Invention the materials employed to form the new compound, being of them-

page_text: selves much whiter, require therefore less strain, and as this article is very
expensive, great economy is thus effected in the use of this article.
And in
order to explain the nature of this Invention more fully, I now proceed to
describe the materials, matters, or substances to be employed, and the propor-
tions in which they are used in making a compound or mixture from which to
manufacture white earthenware body, as follows:-
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN PIN COPS' OR 'PIN BOBBINS' OR 'SPOOLS' FOR WEAVING
Year: 1854

page_text: www LILO
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Horrocks at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th August 1854.
I, JOHN HORROCKS, of Pilkington, in the County of Lancaster, Machine
Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN PIN COPS' OR 'PIN BOBBINS' OR 'SPOOLS' FOR WEAVING" to
be as follows:--
My Invention consists in turning or forming a screwed thread or coil in or
upon the outer surface of the ordinary "pin cops" or pin bobbins" or spools,"
instead of turning or forming outer surfaces smooth or plain, as heretofore.
This screwing or threading of the exterior of pin bobbins greatly facilitates
the winding on of the yarn or thread, and adds to its security and form when
wound upon the bobbin.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REFINING SUGAR
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Reyburn at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd May 1854.
I, ROBERT REYBURN, of Baker Street, Greenock, do hereby declare the
nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN REFINING SUGAR" to be as
follows:-
Heretofore in the filtration of syrups of sugar through animal charcoal it has
been usual to continue the filtration through the same portion of charcoal until
the desired effect was no longer obtained, and then entirely to renew the bed of
charcoal. Now my Invention consists in so arranging the apparatus, that the
portion of charcoal which is most exhausted, that is to say, that which is nearest
to the point where the syrup enters, may be from time to time removed, and
that fresh charcoal may be added at the end where the syrup escapes, so as to
supply the place of that which has been withdrawn, by which means the syrups
are at all times obtained as free from colour as at the commencement of the
operation.
AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR WASHING CLOTHES AND SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1854

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Ellen at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th November
1854.
T, SAMUEL ELLEN, of Wick Cottage, Hackney, Middlesex, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR WASHING
CLOTHES AND SIMILAR ARTICLES" to be as follows:-
The distinctive feature of my Invention consists of the following arrange-
ment: I use two vessels, one within the other, the bottom part of the interior
vessel being made of angular grates or bars. Within this interior vessel is
fitted, and made to work up and down, a framework of bars or grates, corre-
sponding to the bottom of the vessel. The clothes or other articles to be
washed are placed between these two sets of grates or bars, and are pressed
and squeezed by the same movement, which causes the upper framework to
rise and fall. I reserve a right to vary the details.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFAC- TURE OF PIPES FOR THE TRANSMISSION OF WATER AND OTHER FLUIDS
Year: 1854

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Pym at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th April 1854.
I, JOHN PYM, of Bangor, in the County of Carnarvon, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFAC-
TURE OF PIPES FOR THE TRANSMISSION OF WATER AND OTHER FLUIDS" to be as
follows:-
I make the pipes of slate; I form the slate into blocks or sections, and bore
them of the diameter required; I fasten the blocks or sections together with
bolts and nuts, one in each corner of the row of blocks. The heads of the
bolts and nuts are countersunk, and the bolts so placed as to tie the sections
of the pipe together for any given length as the pipe is laid down. I unite the
blocks or sections with cement or any other suitable material, and screw up the
sections before the cement is set.
CERTAIN APPA- RATUS FOR STOPPING SHOT AND OTHER HOLES IN SHIPS AND VESSELS
Year: 1854

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Woodward at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th March 1854..
I, JOHN WOODWARD, of Acton Street, in the County of Middlesex, Office
Clerk, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN APPA-
RATUS FOR STOPPING SHOT AND OTHER HOLES IN SHIPS AND VESSELS" to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in a peculiar apparatus, the head of which is thrust
through or into the hole from the inside of the ship, when a spring is caused to
act upon and throw out two or more arms, which have been previously covered
with leather, gutta percha, or other like suitable material, somewhat after the
manner in which an umbrella covering is mounted upon its frame. The
leather covering fits close to the vessel's side, and the outer ends of the arms,
ribs, or frames are made to lie upon and embrace the vessel's side by means of
a stretcher, mounted upon a screwed shaft, upon the upper part of which the
inner ends of the arms are hinged. The stretcher is forced down against the
arms by means of a nut.
A MACHINE FOR CRUSHING, PULVERISING, AND AMALGAMATING
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Crofton Moat at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
April 1854.
I, WILLIAM CROFTON MOAT, of the Strand, in the City of Westminster,
Surgeon, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A MACHINE
FOR CRUSHING, PULVERISING, AND AMALGAMATING" to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of a drum or cylinder with flanges, and upon the
inner surface of the cylinder I place a conical or plain roller. I impart
rotary motion in one direction to the drum, while the roller is made to rotate
in the contrary direction, and thus I am enabled to keep the material to be
ground under the roller. My drum is not provided with a central shaft, but
is supported by and revolves upon two or more rollers placed so as to bear it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OR METHOD OF EXTRACTING GLUTEN AND PREPARING THE SAME FOR SIZING PURPOSES
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Barlow at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th June 1854.
I, JAMES BARLOW, of Accrington, in the County of Lancaster, Machinist, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MODE OR METHOD OF EXTRACTING GLUTEN AND PREPARING THE SAME FOR SIZING
PURPOSES "to be as follows:-
I take flour and make it into dough or thick paste, which I put into a
barrel, having a number of fine slots in it made longitudinally. I fix this
barrel on suitable bearings, and place a perforated tube or pipe through it, into
which I inject water, so that as the barrel with the dough revolves, the water
acts upon the dough and separates the gluten and starch, leaving the former
in the barrel, and allowing the latter to fall through the slots. Or the
same results may be obtained by washing the dough in a sieve until it ceases
to be milky, when the gluten will remain on the surface of the sieve, and
the starch will fall through it. If wheat be used instead of flour, it must
be saturated until it bursts, and a much finer sieve used than is necessary
for flour, because the wheat cannot be made into a dough.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, AND DOUBLING FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Ashworth and Samuel
Stott at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 22nd December 1854.
We, ROBERT ASHWORTH, of Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,
and SAMUEL STOTT, Cotton Spinner, also of Rochdale, in the County of Lan-
caster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING, SPINNING, AND DOUBLING FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to
be as follows:-
Our Invention consists, first, in constructing compound spindles, that is to
say, we have a hollow spindle free to revolve in suitable bearings, on the top of
which is secured the flyer. Through the hollow spindle and collar of the flyer
we pass another spindle or rod, on the upper part of which we fix a circular
plate for carrying the bobbin. Spindles thus made will be steady when running
at high velocities, whereby a greater quantity and better yarn will be produced
than by means of spindles of the ordinary construction. The circular plate
which carries the bobbin is for the purpose of regulating the speed of the
bobbin, by acting as a drag, and allowing the bobbin to run at a speed equal
to the length of yarn to be wound on the bobbin. When the bobbin becomes
full, we propose to draw the inner spindle or rod down through the hollow

page_text: spindle to the extent of the length of a bobbin, so that the full bobbin may
fall off, to be replaced by an empty one.
Our Invention consists, secondly, in pressing together rollers which are used
for drawing fibrous substances by an elastic substance in such manner as not
to exert any force or weight on the bearings of the bottom roller.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR RAISING AND LOWERING GOODS
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Robinson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd February
1854.
1, THOMAS ROBINSON, of St. Helens, in the County of Lancaster, Iron
Founder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR RAISING AND LOWERING GOODS " to be as
follows:-
My improvements consist in the employment of a radial arm or beam
adapted at one end to a horizontal shaft, which thus constitutes for it a centre
of motion, the other end being provided with a hook or chain or other appa-
ratus for the purpose of holding goods required to be raised or lowered. I
apply power to the said centre of motion by means of a piston impelled by the
pressure of steam or water or air acting in a cylinder, which piston is con-
nected with a pulley on the horizontal shaft by means of a band or chain, or is
connected with a toothed wheel by means of a rack attached to the piston rod,
and the said pulley or toothed wheel being fixed on the said horizontal shaft,
any circular motion communicated thereto will be conveyed to the said radial
arm or beam, which, by the motion of the piston in one direction may be lowered
into the holds of vessels or other places, and by the reverse motion of the
piston be raised, with the goods attached thereto, to the required position for
delivering the goods at a higher level.
STOPPING OF ENGINES AND CARRIAGES ON RAILWAYS, AND ALSO VEHICLES OF EVERY DESCRIPTION ON THE COMMON ROADS
Year: 1854

page_text: on Jor
by the Act.)
dent was not youen wenne
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hugh Stoy at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd February 1854.
I, HUGH STOY, of No. 1, St. John's Road, Battersea Rise, Surrey, Yeoman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "STOPPING OF ENGINES
AND CARRIAGES ON RAILWAYS, AND ALSO VEHICLES OF EVERY DESCRIPTION ON THE
COMMON ROADS," to be as follows, of which the Drawings will partly represent
my new Invention for stopping engines and carriages on railways, and also
to prevent the slipping of the driving wheels of the engines, different from
all others worked at the present day, and will also prevent the high driving
wheels drawing the engine & carriages of the line:-
Fig. a represents the driving wheels taken up off the line to act as flies.
B & C represent the attachment of the carriage wheels to the flies by
erank or some other driving power. Fig. D represents the break on the
flies to stop the engine when the steam is turned off. Fig. E represents
the action of the break on the wheels of the carriages to stop or partly stop
rotation, & prevent the concussion, by allowing the carriages to
on each other as they do at the present day, without the rotary action of
the wheels being stopped, & when the speed of the engine or luggage van is
checked the carriages run into the rack G, & meet the projecting bar F.

page_text: The rack G being thrown out by the driver, stoker, or guard, the action will
be immediately on the wheels of every carriage on the train. The same
action can be applied to the break van by the guard, & the break on the
carriages of every description on the common roads can be acted on a bar from
the hind axle, by the hand or foot of the driver on the box, to lock his wheels
at pleasure & releave it again in a moment; to be called Stoy's Break.
A NOVEL MODE OF REEFING TOPSAILS, JIBS, AND OTHER SAILS FROM THE DECKS OF SHIPS WHILST AT SEA
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Lenox at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd June 1854.
I, THOMAS LENOx, of No. 13, Pigott Street, Limehouse, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NOVEL
MODE OF REEFING TOPSAILS, JIBS, AND OTHER SAILS FROM THE DECKS OF SHIPS
WHILST AT SEA," to be as follows, that is to say:-
By reefing or taking in canvas on the foot and stay of topsails and jibs,
instead of the present plan, of tying points and earings aloft. This is effected
by substituting only one reef on the foot of topsails, which is used in the double
capacity of either single or close reef, as circumstances may require, and
worked by means of reef sheets and tacks leading through cheek blocks on to
the deck; the slack canvas is taken up by point bridles attached to each cloth
leading through thimbles, and so on, to deck. The clews are of iron, with foot
rope passing through a tube, and clew line shackles attached.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ZINCOGRAPHY
Year: 1854

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Armand le Comte de Fon-
taine Moreau at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 18th July 1854.-A communication.
I, PETER ARMAND le Comte de FONTAINE MOREAU, of 4, South Street,
Finsbury, London, and 39, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, Patent Agent, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN ZINCOGRAPHY
to be as follows:―
The Invention communicated to me consists in producing by electro-
galvanic agency designs in relief on plates of zinc, from which impressions
may be taken by an ordinary printing press, in the same manner as from wood
engravings or stereotypes, or from which moulds may be taken to be employed
in the formation of cliché plates by the galvano-plastic process.
The zinc plate is placed level, and its printing surface roughened, in the
same manner as that of a lithographic stone. The design is drawn thercon
in lithographic ink, with a pen or a common lithographic pencil, or with a
pencil prepared with a certain composition. Resin, Burgundy pitch, and as-
phaltum are reduced to an impalpable powder, and passed through a fine silk
sieve; the zinc plate is slightly heated, and the powder or insulating mixture
dusted over and adheres to the drawing; the rest is removed, so that the
drawing alone is coated with the abovo mixture, while the rest of the plate

page_text: (to form afterwards the sunken parts) is left clean and free to be attacked by
electro-galvanic action. The plate is then heated sufficiently to soften the
powder adhering to the drawing, and to convert it into a varnish similar to that
employed by engravers for stopping out.
The plate is now placed in a weak solution of sulphate of zinc in face of
another plate of the same material and size, and the two are put in communi-
cation with the poles of a galvanic battery, so that the zinc-plate with the
drawing may serve as anode to the other, and consequently have those (the
intended suken) parts decomposed. If it were desired to increase the depths
of the sunken parts, those which are sufficiently bitten in are insulated, and
the others again submitted to the action of the battery.
When the drawing is sufficiently bitten in, the plate is removed and
cleansed. It may then be employed to print from directly, or to serve as
matrix to a gutta percha mould, on which copper is subsequently deposited,
to form a picture according to the well-known galvano-plastic process.
Pen or crayon drawings on stone; zinc, or autographic paper may be trans-
ferred (as is well understood) to a zinc plate, and reproduced thereon in relief
by the process above described.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN COMMUNICATING INTELLIGENCE FROM ONE PART OF RAILWAY TRAIN TO ANOTHER
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles James Pownall at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
May 1854.
I, CHARLES JAMES POWNALL, of Kensington, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVEMENT IN COMMUNICATING INTELLIGENCE FROM ONE PART OF RAILWAY
TRAIN TO ANOTHER" to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the employment of the ordinary coupling chains
to convey an electric current generated in any part of a train, to work a bell,
telegraph, or other suitable instrument, for the purpose of communicating with
the engine driver or any other person or persons in the train; the current from
the coupling chains at one end of a carriage being conveyed to those at the
other end thereof through an insulated wire.
I do not claim any form of battery or of telegraph, my Invention consisting
simply in the employment of the coupling chains to complete the electric
connection between the carriages.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENING RAILS OF RAILWAYS
Year: 1854

page_text: Not yeten
ceme prese
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Barnes at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th September,
1854.
I, WILLIAM BARNES, of 2, Royal Exchange Buildings, in the City of
London, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN FASTENING RAILS OF RAILWAYS" to be as follows:-
The Invention consists in fastening the rails of railways by the use of plugs
inserted into their ends. For this purpose I drill a hole in a line with the
length of the rail, of the diameter and depth suitable to the plug to be used;
the plug is then inserted into the end of each of two lengths of rail, and the
ends being brought together, the fastening is complete.
MAKING PAPER
Year: 1854

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Littleton Holt and William
Charlton Forster at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 12th May 1854.
I, THOMAS LITTLETON HOLT, of No. 4, Warwick Square, Paternoster Row,
London, and I, WILLIAM CHARLTON FORSTER, of No. 84, Hatton Garden, in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "MAKING PAPER" to be as follows:-
We take the refuse tan of tanners, after it has been used for tanning, and
dry it, and the refuse cocoa nut fibre and old rope or rags, in equal parts, and
make the whole into pulp, in a beating engine, in the same manner that rags
and rope are made into a pulp by paper makers, and we then make it.into
paper in the usual way; and this is our said Invention.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TRUCKS USED ON RAILWAYS
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Eassie at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th January 1854.
I, WILLIAM EASSIE, of the City of Gloucester, Railway Contractor, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TRUCKS
USED ON RAILWAYS" to be as follows:-
I propose to improve the pole used for the purpose of connecting trucks
used on railways for the carriage of timber, &c., by providing such poles with
springs of india-rubber or other suitable elastic material, so that the force of
the shock occasioned by sudden starting or stoppage of the train or otherwise
may be prevented from injuriously affecting the said poles, and so save in wear
and tear of material, and increase the security of the load, while also maintain-
ing a condition of elasticity in the relative parts of the mass (load and trucks),
and tending to preserve the original fixity of the load and entirety of the
connecting pole, which is liable to breakage on strain or shock while not
protected with the elastic springs aforesaid.
AN IMPROVED SOAP, TO WHICH I GIVE THE NAME OF SAPONITOLINE
Year: 1854

page_text: CLO
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Armand le Comte de
Fontaine Moreau at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
his Petition, on the 1st September 1854.-A communication.
I, PETER ARMAND le Comte DE FONTAINE MOREAU, of No. 4, South Street,
Finsbury, London, and 39, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, in the Empire of France,
Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention of "AN IMPROVED
SOAP, TO WHICH I GIVE THE NAME OF SAPONITOLINE."
The Invention communicated to me consists in combining the following
ingredients for the manufacture of soap, viz:-
Ordinary soap
Carbonate of soda
Lime
Boiled linseed
Grey salts
Sulphate of ammonia
Rain water
-
about 10 oz.
"
',, 18 oz.
.7 oz.
_""
5 oz.
.39
1 oz.
"
↓ oz.
.29.
7lbs..
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COFFINS
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Phillips at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th January
1854.
I, WILLIAM PHILLIPS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Gen-
tleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COFFINS" to be as follows, that is to say:-
My improvements consist in manufacturing coffins of iron, and galvanising,
tinning, brassing, or bronzing them by any ordinary process.
In making cast-iron coffins I propose also, if required, to cast on the lid the
name, age, &c. of the person.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PART OF THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS USED IN PREPARING COTTON, WOOL, OR OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS TO BE SPUN
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Moorhouse at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th February
1854.
I, HENRY MOORHOUSE, of Denton, in the County of Lancaster, Tailor, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PART
OF THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS USED IN PREPARING COTTON, WOOL, OR OTHER
FIBROUS MATERIALS TO BE SPUN " to be as follows:-
Instead of the coiler or plunger which are used to receive the slivers from
the drawing or other frames, I propose to feed the slivers from the bottom of
the cans, keeping them pressed down during the operation of filling, which I
accomplish by suspending a presser in the can, balanced by weights over a
pulley, the said presser being gradually raised by the substance of the slivers.
alone as they are placed under it. I convey the slivers from the rollers to the
mouth of the can, in which I place a guide piece, of an angle or other con-
venient shape, which is fixed to the top side of the presser; this guide piece
conducts the slivers under the presser, and by giving the can a constant rotary
motion, they are laid in different shaped layers which are kept constantly
pressed down until the can is full, when the presser has risen to the top. By

page_text: this Invention I can put a much greater quantity of slivers in the can than is
done either by the coiler or plunger, and the first cost is much less. The
accompanying outline Drawing will clearly shew the principle of my said
Invention.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CANNONS, GUNS, AND OTHER FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1854

page_text: ᎪᎪᏨᏓ. )
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Clarke at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th April 1854.
I, HENRY CLARKE, of the City of Lincoln, Manufacturer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CANNONS, GUNS, AND
OTHER FIRE-ARMS" to be as follows:-
My Invention is applicable alike to cannons and small arms, and consists in
constructing them with a revolving breech. My breech is placed and revolves
vertically, and can be made to carry any desired number of charges according
to its circumference. I construct field pieces with several breeches arranged
side by side, and with one barrel to each breech, and I cause the charge to
enter the apertures in the breeches from an inclined plane or hopper, so that
no loss of time may take place in loading. I also propose to discharge field
pieces and heavy guns by electricity, conveyed along a platinum or other
suitable wire to the back of the charge, a small battery being carried with
every gun to generate the electric fluid.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PROPELLERS
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Williams at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th September
1854.
I, JOSEPH WILLIAMS, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PROPELLERS" to be as follows (that is to say):-
This Invention has for its object an improved submerged propeller for ships
or vessels (of the class to which the screw propeller belongs). It is intended
that the propellers constructed according to this Invention should be applied
and used in the same way as the screw propellers now in general use.
This improved propeller consists of two broad flat blades, having on their
outer ends (or edges) a slight curve extending backwards. These propeller
blades are constructed with a suitable boss (or nave) near which they (the
blades) partake slightly of the screw form.
That the improvements proposed by this Invention may be the more readily
seen and understood, hereunto are annexed Drawings of a propelling instru-
ment, constructed according to the said Invention. Like letters refer to
similar parts.

page_text: Figure 1 is a back view of the propeller; Figure 2 is the front view of
ditto; and Figure 8 is a side view of ditto.
A, propeller shaft; a, boss or nave of B, B, propeller blades; b, b, indi-
cates the position of the slight curve on the edges of the blades, and which
extends backwards (or sternways).
AN IMPROVED AND READY MODE OF COUPLING, CONNECTING, OR JOINING
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Heathcote Russell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
May 1854.
I, HENRY HEATHCOTE RUSSELL, of York Buildings, Adelphi, Civil Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED AND
READY MODE OF COUPLING, CONNECTING, OR JOINING," to be as follows:-
The following is a description of the principal features of my improved and
ready mode of coupling, connecting, or joining-In a plate or piece of iron,
wood, or any other material, I cut or otherwise form an aperture or slot,
resembling, for example, a keyhole. The inner sides of this metallic, wooden, or
other plate or piece are to be so cut or formed as to make two inclined planes
in opposite directions. The end of the material to be coupled, connected, or
joined is made with a shoulder resting against the perforated plate or piece,
and passes through the aperture, having projections or knobs thereon. On
being turned a quarter of a revolution, these projections or knobs ascend the
inclines, and a strong connection is made. Another mode of effecting the same
object is by means of socket plates, with slots or holes cut therein, through
which are passed studs or knobs, which are firmly held by turning the stud or
sliding the knob along the slot of the socket plate. For a variety of purposes,
architectural and engineering, more especially for putting together portable
buildings, the above mode of uniting will be found useful. I reserve the right
to vary the details.