Improvements in Constructing in Soft or Plastic Concrete Break- waters, Piers, and similar Partially Subaqueous Structures.
Year: 1888

page_text: Improvements in Constructing in Soft or Plastic Concrete Break-
waters, Piers, and similar Partially Subaqueous Structures.
I ALFRED EDWARD CAREY of 9 Deans Yard Westminster in the county of
Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:
--
The systems of forming the foundations of breakwaters, piers, and similar partially
subaqueous structures either as a monolith by means of soft or plastic concrete
deposited in a fixed framing in situ or by means of similiquid concrete in sacks or
sails have disadvantages particularly in moving water mainly owing to loss of unset
concrete near the water level; this is more especially the case with regard to sub-
marine structures where the loss about low water mark is excessive and is in fact so
great that it is doubtful whether either of the systems could be used where the surf
disturbance is high.
The object of the present invention is to form in novel manner by means of special
apparatus subaqueous structures so as to greatly minimise if not entirely to prevent
the waste above named.
First. To form subaqueous structures I first construct a mound, substructure, or
foundation of sacks containing concrete rising to within any convenient distance say
from two to twelve feet, of the water level I then deposit concrete in a soft or plastic
form, or sacks containing concrete, on the substructure, alone, or in combination with
solid concrete, or blocks, and protect such soft or plastic concrete from the action of
the water by means of movable shields.
Second. Apparatus for depositing and protecting concrete from the action of the
water consists of a closed frame fitted with a canvas bottom and suspended from a
crane or equivalent device until secured to projecting timbers and to the previous
length. The canvas bottom is detachable and the frame can be removed when the
concrete has set fairly hard. The bottom or canvas part below the frame is
strengthened by broad bands or strips or is woven with such bands or strips.
Third. A modification of apparatus for depositing and protecting concrete whilst
hardening consists of an open ended buoyant frame, fitted internally with detachable
DO31

page_text: sacking, the said frame rests on blocks or bearers and is thus lifted above the sub-
structure the canvas sacking accomodating itself to the form of the bottom.
When
the concrete within the frame has set, the lining is detached the frame is moved
forward, and a fresh line of sacking secured thereto.
Per pro J. T. KING,
*J. Johnson,
Agent.
.
Improvements in Constructing in Soit or Plastic Concrete Break
waters, Piers, and similar Partially Subaqueous Structures.
I, ALFRED EDWARD CAREY, of 9 Deans Yard, Westminster, in the County of
Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
The systems of forming the foundations of breakwaters, piers, and similar partially
subaqueous structures either as a monolith by means of soft or plastic concrete
deposited in a fixed framing in situ or by means of semi liquid concrete in sacks or
sails have disadvantages particularly in moving water mainly owing to the loss of
unset concrete near the water level: this is more especially the case with regard to
submarine structures where the loss about low water mark is excessive and is in fact
so great that it is doubtful whether either of the systems could be used where the surf
disturbance is high.
The object of the present invention is to form in novel manner by means of special
apparatus subaqueous structures so as to greatly minimise if not entirely to prevent
the waste above named.
First. To form subaqueous structures I first construct a mound substructure or
foundations of sacks containing concrete rising to within any convenient distance say
from two to twelve feet, of the water level I then deposit concrete in a soft or plastic
form, or sacks containing concrete, on the substructure alone or in combination with
solid concrete or blocks, and protect such soft or plastic concrete from the action of
the water by means of movable shells.
Second. Apparatus for depositing and protecting concrete from the action of the
water consists of a closed frame fitted with a canvas bottom and suspended from a
crane or equivalent device until secured to projecting timbers and to the previous
length. The canvas bottom is detachable and the frame can be removed when the
concrete has set fairly hard. The bottom or canvas part below the frame is
strengthened by broad bands or strips or is woven with such bands or strips.
.

page_text: Third. A modification of apparatus for depositing and protecting concrete whilst
hardening consists of an open ended buoyant frame, fitted internally with detachable
sacking the said frame rests on blocks or bearers and is thus lifted above the sub-
structure the canvas sacking accommodating itself to the form of the bottom. When.
the concrete within the frame has set the lining is detached the frame is moved forward
and a fresh lining of sacking secured thereto.
DESCRIPTION of THE DRAWINGS.
Sheet. I. Fig. 1 is a plan, fig. 2 a longitudinal section, and fig. 3 a transverse
section of apparatus under my invention illustrative of the first and third parts.
a foundation of sacks containing concrete. 6 level of water. c movable shields to
protect the plastic concrete laid on the sacks until it has set. The shields be of
may
any desired construction but I prefer to use shields consisting of a frame made open
at one end and having walls e forming the two sides and one end and enclosing a
space or spaces & so as to render the said shield buoyant. The shield is lined inside
with sacking and rests on beams e above the substructure a or when used in shallow
water above the bottom or bed. When the concrete within the shield has set the
sacking is detached and the shield is moved forward by means of a crane or in any
convenient mannor. The top or superstructure of the pier consists of a side framing
of solid concrete blocks and pannels the bottom tier of which is set in the plastic
concrete. The end of the superstructure is protected by a movable under shield.
When a structure is being made in shallow water the plastic concrete may be laid
direct on its bed by means of sacking lined 'shields without a substructure of sacks
containing concrete the superstructure being made with a casing of concrete blocks
and pannels as above set forth.
Sheet II. Fig. 4 is a side elevation of apparatus under the second part of my
invention. e frame fitted with a canvas lining and bottom f, stiffened by bands fas
herein before set forth or by the use of metal rods. 9 crane carried on lines on the
finished structure and used for raising and lowering the frames e. a substructure of
sacks. h concrete deposited by the frames. frame in position until the concrete
has set.
When the concrete has set the sacking is detached the frame is lifted by the
crane fresh sacking is attached and the frame is filled with concrete and deposited
further along the structure.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is,
First. Forming subaqueous structures by first constructing a mound substructure
or foundation of sacks containing concrete and then depositing plastic concrete thereon
whilst protected by a shield substantially as setforth.
Second. Forming subaqueous structures by the combination of plastic concrete with
a substructure foundation or bed and a superstructure substantially as herein set-
forth.
Third. The combination of a closed frame having a canvas bottom with apparatus
for moving the same substantially in the manner and for the purpose setforth.
Fourth. Constructing shields to be used in forming concrete subaqueous structures
with frames having a lining of sacking substantially as setforth.
Dated this 18th day of December 1888