IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING MACHINERY FOR THE PURPOSE OF BREAKING DOUBLE TWISTS AND PREVENTING DEFECTS IN THE THREAD
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas James Smith, of the Firm of Robertson,
Brooman, and Company, of 166, Flect Strect, in the City of London,
Patent Agents, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING
MACHINERY FOR THE PURPOSE OF BREAKING DOUBLE TWISTS AND PREVENTING
DEFECTS IN THE THREAD."-A communication from abroad by Simon
Dauphinot and J. Martin, of Rheims, France, Manufacturers.
Sealed the 21st September 1875, and dated the 24th March 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas James Smith
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 24th March 1875.
I, THOMAS JAMES SMITH, of the Firm of Robertson, Brooman, and
Company, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent Agents,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN SPINNING MACHINERY FOR THE PURPOSE OF BREAKING DOUBLE TWISTS AND
PREVENTING DEFECTS IN THE THREAD," (communicated to me from abroad
by Simon Dauphinot and J. Martin, of Rheims, France, Manufacturers,)
to be as follows:-
m

page_text: acting or taking-up machines employed in spinning textile materials
have enabled them to be of a great length, varying from, say, 500
to 1200 needles. With this great length it is easy to understand that
the superintendence of the spinners or tiers who are employed to watch
the machine cannot be so thorough as with the old mule jenny with
from 200 to 250 needles. It too often happens that when a thread
breaks and is drawn towards a neighbouring one in its rotating move-
ment, or is impelled towards another by a current of air, the two
threads unite, and spinning together upon the same needle form what
is called a double twist or "mariage;" this double twist can be pro-
duced and last through several needlesful, and if the overlooker neglects
to remove the whole of this double thread, there results in the weaving
a very grave defect, absolutely irreparable, called a bar of thick weft,
which depreciates very considerably the value of the fabric in which it
It is a remedy for these grave inconveniences which forms the
object of the present Invention, the characteristic feature of which is the
separation of the two threads at their junction so as to break any double
twist or "mariage" immediately upon its formation.
occurs.
The essential mechanism for effecting this consists of needles
terminated by hooks fixed at regular intervals upon a needle carrier
bar adapted to the carriage, and extending the whole length of the
machine. This needle carrier receives from a special mechanism a rapid
rising and falling motion, which engages the needles at the proper
moment in the intervals between the threads close by the pressure
rollers. Each needle being thus brought to the summit of the angle
formed by the junction of two threads when it occurs, the traction
which it exerts upon the exit of the carriage inevitably breaks or
divides the double twist or "mariage" which may have commenced to
form.
In the arrangement of the machine no change is necessary from the
construction of an ordinary taking-up machine, the principal parts of
which are the pressure roller, the carriage with its needles, the faller, and
the counterfaller.
The break twist needles, the essential organs of the Invention, have
their ends in the form of a double hook. They are fixed upon a bar or
needle carrier extending parallelly for the whole length of the machine.
The needles are arranged upon the carrier at regular distances apart

page_text: with regard to the middle of the intervals of the pins of the carriage in
order to be able to hook the angle formed by the two twisted threads
when a «
mariage" occurs. The needle carrier bar is carried from
distance to distance by cranks jointed upon bronze bearings and fixed to
links by an axis. The links are keyed upon the shaft placed in the
length of the carriage. Upon the shaft is keyed a hook lever terminated
by a beak formed to fit into the teeth of a horizontal rock lever. This
lever rocks upon an axis fixed at the head of the carriage. An angle
rod of iron provided with a regulating ring is jointed to a bracket keyed
upon the shaft of the faller. An axis fixed upon a support of the
carriage head serves as a centre of oscillation to a lever which, by a
spiral spring is united to the hook lever.
The various pieces which have just been described are carried by
the carriage which draws them with it in its movement to and fro;
the other parts of the mechanism are fixed beyond the carriage.
Upon the ground near to the frame of the machine is fixed a support
provided with a slide in which a buffer is held carrying a movable
roller. The position of the buffer is regulated so that its roller will
be met by the lever before the arrival of the carriage on the pressure
roller.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Thomas James Smith in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 24th September 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
JAMES SMITH, of the Firm of Robertson, Brooman, and Company, of
1.66, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent Agents, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of March, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the
thirty-eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said Thomas James Smith,
Her special licence that I, the said Thomas James Smith, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Thomas James
Smith, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time

page_text: agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING MACHINERY FOR THE PURPOSE OF BREAKING DOUBLE
TWISTS AND PREVENTING DEFECTS IN THE THREAD," (a communication from
abroad by Simon Dauphinot and J. Martin, of Rheims, France,
Manufacturers,) upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Thomas James Smith, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and scals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas James Smith, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, that is to say :—
The improvements which for many years have been effected in self-
acting or taking-up machines employed in spinning textile materials
have enabled them to be of a great length, varying from, say, 500
to 1200 needles. With this great length it is easy to understand that
the superintendence of the spinners or tyers who are employed to watch
the machine can not be so thorough as with the old mule jennys with
from 200 to 250 needles. It too often happens that when a thread
breaks and is drawn towards a neighbouring one in its rotating move-
ment, or is impelled towards another by a current of air, the two
threads unite, and spinning together upon the same needle form what
is called a double twist or mariage." This double twist can be pro-
duced and last through several needlesful, and if the overlooker neglects
to remove the whole of this doubled thread, there results in the weaving
a very grave defect absolutely irreparable, called a bar of thick weft,
which depreciates very considerably the value of the fabric in which it
It is a remedy for these grave inconveniences which forms the
object of the present Invention, the characteristic feature of which is the
separation of the two threads at their junction, so as to break any double
twist or “mariage" immediately on its formation.
occurs.

page_text: The essential mechanism for effecting this consists of needles
terminated by hooks fixed at regular intervals upon a needle carrier
bar adapted to the carriage and extending the whole length of the
machine. This needle carrier receives from a special mechanism a rapid
rising and falling motion, which engages the needles at the proper
moment in the intervals between the threads, close by the pressure
rollers, cach needle being thus brought to the summit of the angle
formed by the junction of two threads when it occurs the traction
which it exherts upon the exit of the carriage inevitably breaks or
divides the double twist or mariage" which may have commenced
to form.
"
The principle of this Invention being explained I proceed to describe
it practically with reference to the accompanying Drawings which show
it as applied to a self-acting or taking-up machine.
Figure 1 is a side elevation of a portion of the machine; Figure 2 is
a plan; and Figure 3, a front elevation. In these Figures the carriage
and the organs which it carries with it are shown in two positions, one
in full and the other in dotted lines.
Figure 4 shows separately and in their actual size the break twist
needles.
In the arrangement of the machine no change is necessary from the
construction of an ordinary taking-up machine, the principal parts of
which are seen in the accompanying Drawings, and which are the pres-
sure roller A, the carriage B, with its needles C, C, C, the faller D, and the
counterfaller E. The break twist needles F, F, F, the essential organs
of this Invention have, as is clearly shown in Figure 4, their ends in
the form of a double hook. They are fixed upon a bar or needle
carrier G extending parallelly for the whole length of the machine. It
will be remarked that the needles are arranged upon the carrier at
regular distances with regard to the middle of the intervals of the
pins of the carriage B in order to be able to hook the angle formed by
the two twisted threads when a 66
mariage occurs. The needle carrier
bar is carried from distance to distance by the cranks H, H, jointed
upon bronze bearings X, X, and fixed to the links I, I, by an axis J.
The links are keyed upon the shaft K placed in the length of the
carriage. Upon the shaft K is keyed the hook lever L terminated by
a beak formed to fit into the teeth of the horizontal rock lever M. This
وو

page_text: lever rocks upon an axis N fixed at the head of the carriage. An angle
rod o of iron provided with a regulating ring P is jointed to a bracket Q
keyed upon the shaft of the faller D. An axis S fixed upon a support
of the carriage head serves as a centre of oscillation to a lever R which
by a spiral spring T is united to the hook lever L.
The various pieces which have just been described are carried by the
carriage which draws them with it in its movement to and fro. The
other parts of the mechanism are fixed beyond the carriage. Upon the
ground near to the frame of the machine is fixed a support U provided
with a slide on which a buffer V is held, carrying a movable roller W;
the position of this buffer is regulated so that its roller W will be
met by the lever R before the arrival of the carriage in the pressure
roller.
In describing the action of the machine let us suppose the carriage at
the moment of the taking-up a short distance from the pressure rollers.
A this moment the faller D falling leaves the horizontal rock lever M
free, and this of its own weight falls to the side of the toothed part.
The beak of the hooked lever L meeting the teeth of the rock lever
engages therein. The lever R meeting the buffer roller W stretches the
spiral spring T which acts strongly upon the lever L. The carriage
advancing always towards the rollers the spring stretches more and
more. When the taking-up is finished the faller in rising lowers the
rod o, the ring P of which comes to rest upon the end of the rock lever M
which rises and disengages the beak of the hook lever. This lever
solicited by the action of the spiral spring T draws the shaft K, which
through the intermediation of the links I, I, and the cranks H, H, lift
by a rapid movement the twist breaker carrier, the needles of which
engage into the intervals of the threads close to the rolling cylinder.
The carriage in going out disengages the lever R from the buffer V, W,
and at a short distance from the pressure rollers the twist breakers fall
into rest. In its descent the hooks of the needles engage into the
angles formed by the threads entangled together and inevitably breaks
them.
The arrangements of our double twist or
mariage" breaker or pre-
ventor apparatus can be varied so as to apply it to the various kinds of
spinning machinery, whether mechanical or manual, for spinning all
kinds of textile materials.

page_text: And having now described the nature of the said Invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim,―
First. The shape and arrangement of the break twist needles F, F, F,
as herein-before described and shown at Figure 4 in the accompanying
Drawings.
Secondly. The gearing or connection mechanism arranged on the
carriage to actuate the needle carrier bar and impart to it a rapid rising
and falling motion, as herein-before described and substantially as shown
in the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas James Smith, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of September,
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five.
THOMAS JAMES SMITH. (L.S.)