Improvements in or connected with Apparatus for Drying Granular Substances.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 12th July, 1890
Complete Specification Left, 11th Apr., 1891-Accepted, 30th May, 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Apparatus for Drying Granular
Substances.
I, JOHN HENRY RICHARDSON DINSMORE, of 22, Marsden Street, Liverpool, in
the County of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
:-
This invention has reference more particularly to the drying of granular sub-
stances, such as wheat, and other like cereals, brewers' grains, and the like, and has
for its object to provide a mode of drying and means of carrying out such mode in
a manner which shall be more simple, rapid, and effective than that employed in the
ordinary process and apparatus used for this purpose.
According to this invention the grains are dried by introducing them into a
machine which elevates and turns them over and over again. When the grain has
been raised to a certain point it is discharged and falls a certain distance and
through a heated zone, which, in a simple form, may consist of a nest of steam
heated pipes at a requisite temperature. The space in which these actions take
place is an enclosed one, or partially enclosed, and the temperature kept up to a
certain point by the action of the system of tubes above specified. A comparatively
slow current of air is caused to pass through the space in which the above process
is carried on, so as to remove as rapidly as necessary, the air laden with the
moisture or vapour extracted or given off from the grains.
Subsequently to the above treatment, the grain is delivered into another enclosed
or partially enclosed space and elevated and caused to fall in a similar manner to
the one described, and whilst falling is subjected to a current of cool air and cooled,
the cool air being at ordinary atmospheric temperature, or air artificially reduced
in temperature by suitable means.
The form of apparatus for carrying this out consists by preference of duplex and
horizontally arranged cylinders, provided internally with pockets or scoops set in a
helical arrangement or direction, and adapted to raise the grain from the bottom
thereof and discharge it at the top over the heating tubes, which are arranged
within such cylinder, such discharge taking place at a different point from that at
which it was raised, so that the grain is gradually fed forward from one end of the
cylinder to the other at the saine time as it is being turned thoroughly over and
heated.
The cylinders may both be revolved together and mounted and guided by outside
roller bearings, and the grain may be fed into the top one by a suitable shoot and
discharged therefrom by another shoot into the lower or second cooling cylinder
and then discharged therefrom into any suitable receptacle. The air used to cool
the grain may conveniently be caused to pass through the cylinder by means of a
fan disposed at one end.
The drying cylinder should be lagged with suitable (bad conductor of heat)
material, for the purpose of economising heat and keeping its temperature up.
If the cylinders be arranged one above the other, a convenient mode of working
them consists in providing each of them with a turned or fitted rim or ring, and
resting the upper one upon the lower one by such rims or rings; then if the lower
one is rotated, the upper one will also move in an opposite direction by the contact,
due to its weight, with the lower one.
It is to be understood that other heat than steam heat may be used, if desired, in
the heating tubes above specified, and also that the arrangement and construction
of the dryer and cooler herein above particularly specified may be modified or

page_text: arranged in different ways to suit different conditions of its application, and, (or
different kinds of grain which it is proposed to treat in and by it).
Dated this 11th day of July 1890.
CHEESBROUGH & ROYSTON,
15, Water Street, Liverpool, Applicant's Patent Agents.
:
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Apparatus for Drying Granular
Substances.
I, JOHN HENRY RICHARDSON DINSMORE, of 22, Marsden Street, Liverpool, in
the County of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention has reference more particularly to the drying of granular sub-
stances, such as wheat and other like cereals, brewers' grains, and the like, and has
for its object to provide a mode and means of carrying out the drying in a manner
which shall be more simple, rapid and effective than by those employed in the
ordinary processes and apparatus used for the purpose.
According to this invention the grains are dried by introducing them into a
machine which elevates and turns them over and over again. When the grain has
been raised to a certain point it is discharged and falls a certain distance and
through a heated zone, which in a simple form, may consist of a nest of steam
heated pipes at a requisite temperature. The space in which these actions take
place is an enclosed one, or partly enclosed, and the temperature kept up to a
certain point by the action of the system of tubes above specified. A current of
air is caused to pass through the space in which the heating process is carried on,
50 as to remove, as rapidly as necessary, the air laden with the moisture or vapour
extracted or given off from the grains.
Subsequently to the above treatment, the grain is cooled. This is done in the
same cylinder or barrel as the drying, towards the outlet end and where no heating
surface is provided. Or, it may be done in another enclosed or partially enclosed
space and elevated and caused to fall in a similar manner to the one above described.
In either case, whilst the material falling is subjected to a current of cool air and
cooled, the cool air being at ordinary atmospheric temperature, or air artificially
reduced in temperature by suitable means.
The apparatus consists, by preference, of a horizontal cylinder or cylinders
provided internally with pockets or scoops set in a helical direction, and adapted to
raise the grain from the bottom thereof and discharge it at the top over the heating
tubes, which are arranged within such cylinder, such discharge taking place at a
different point from that at which it was raised, so that the grain is gradually fed
forward from one end of the cylinder to the other at the same time as it is being
turned thoroughly over and heated.
The cylinder may be mounted and guided by outside roller bearings, and the
grain fed into it by a suitable shoot and discharged therefrom by another shoot.
The passage of air through the apparatus may be conveniently effected by means of
a fan disposed at one end.
The drying cylinder may be lagged with a suitable bad conductor of heat, for the
purpose of economising heat and keeping its temperature up.
If the cylinders be arranged one above the other, a convenient mode of working
them consists in providing each of them with a turned or fitted rim or ring, and
resting the upper one upon the lower one by such rims or rings; the lower one
resting and running on rollers as in the example shewn in the drawings. Then
if the lower one is rotated, the upper one will also move in an opposite direction by
the contact, due to its weight, with the lower one.

page_text: In the drawings which serve to illustrate the invention, an apparatus for drying
wheat and other like or equivalent grains, is shewn, and wherein one cylinder only
is used to effect the desired result. In these,
Figure 1 is an outside elevation.
Figure 2 is a sectional elevation shewing the heating pipes.
Figure 3 is another sectional elevation of the barrel or cylinder shewing one
means and construction of parts by which the feeding forward and raising of the
material is effected.
Figure 4 is an outside end elevation of the apparatus; and
Figure 5 is a cross section of the apparatus.
With reference to the drawings, a designates the cylinder, and e are two end
frames supporting the cylinder and connected together by a connecting bar e¹.
The cylinder a has on each end of it a cast iron ring b, which ring runs on rollers c
and c' mounted on the frames e; that is to say, the cylinder is supported at each
end by these rollers, and revolves thereon.
The heating tubes are designated f. They are, as will be seen, disposed within
the cylinder a, and supported at either end by vertical plates g, which plates are
mounted on the longitudinal bar h, supported at either end of the frames e by the
cross brackets which are attached to the frame.
designates the fan by which the current of air is caused to traverse the interior
of the cylinder. It is mounted upon a shaft running and mounted in a bracket 1,
and is rotated by a belt through the pulley m. This fan is placed at the discharge
or outlet end of the apparatus and propels air towards the inlet end, that is, in the
opposite direction to the motion of the grain.
The steam pipes fare so connected as to make a continuous system, steam being
led to them by the pipe f', and away from them by the pipe f³, valves f³ being
provided thereon to control the supply.
can be
The means by which the grain is raised from the lower part of the cylinder to
the upper, and discharged over the heating tubes, is illustrated in Figures 3 and 5.
It consists of a number of plates & fixed to the side of the cylinder in a spiral or
helical fashion, as shewn in Figure 3, and standing out therefrom radially as shewn
in Figure 5. Each of these plates is fixed at one end only of the cylinder; this
part is designated 1. By this construction, the free parts of the plates can be bent
down or up as required, and so the rate of feed, and their action generally,
set or arranged in any desired manner. Their action is that the grain at the
bottom of the cylinder is carried up by them and discharged therefrom when they
arrive at or approach the vertical plane in which the axis of the apparatus lies.
In the fall to the bottom of the cylinder, the grain, of course, becomes heated and
vapour is given off therefrom; and as fast as the vapour is given off, it is carried
away by the current of air produced by the fan k. It will be readily seen, then,
that by a continuous showering of the grain over the tubes f, and through the space
under the influence of their heat, the grain will become rapidly heated and moisture
expelled, which, with the current of air above spoken of whereby the moisture is
carried away as fast as generated, a very rapid drying effect is produced. Besides
this, of course, the grain is fed forward from the inlet end to its discharge or outlet
end through the inclination at which the plates are surrounded or set.
It will be seen that the pipes f stop at some distance from the outlet end and
fan k. In the travel of the grain through this space or distance the grain is cooled
by the current of air produced by the fan k. This space, according to the degree
of coolness of grain required, may be made greater or less than that shewn in the
drawings. That is to say, if it is desired to turn grain out very cool, the distance
between the end of the heating tubes and the outlet may be greater than that
shewn. Or, if preferred, a second cylinder may be combined with the first, in the
manner hereinbefore described, and employed as a cooling cylinder solely, the grain
being discharged from the cylinder into the cooling cylinder by a shoot in any
suitable known way, air being driven through it by a fan in like manner to the
first.

page_text: The rotation of the barrel may be effected by a band passing over its outer
surface. In the example illustrated, a band o is provided on the outside of the
barrel and constitutes the pulley on which the driving band may run. i
For drying wheat, and like or equivalent grains, the apparatus shewn in the
drawings may be used with advantage, as the grains, however they may be when
introduced, leave the apparatus in a thoroughly dried state, and cool.
:
It will be seen from the drawings that the machine is very simple and of light,
yet strong, construction, and can be made at a very low cost, besides being
thoroughly efficient.
may
It is to be understood that in lieu of steam, other heated gases or fluids be
used, if desired; and also that the arrangement and construction of the parts of the
apparatus may be modified to suit different conditions of its application, and
different kinds of grains or substances to be treated by and in it.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In apparatus for drying granular substances, effecting the drying within a
cylinder or barrel by showering the grain over or through a system of heated pipes,
and passing a current of air through and over same in the manner substantially as
hereinbefore described.
2. In apparatus for drying and treating grain or granular substances, causing the
material to be heated by passing it over heated pipes or conduits in one part of the
apparatus, and passing a current of air through and over it in another part of
the apparatus whereby such material is dried and cooled; substantially as and for
the purposes set forth.
3. An apparatus for operating upon moist or wet grain and other granular sub-
stances, wherein in a single cylinder or barrel the grain, or other material, is first
dried and then cooled.
4. The combination of parts forming the improved machine or apparatus for
drying wheat, and other granular substances; substantially as set forth with
reference to the drawings.
5. In apparatus for drying granular substances, the combination of cylinder or
barrel a and end frames e; arranged and operating substantially as set forth with
reference to the drawings.
6. In apparatus for drying granular substances, the construction, substantially as
described with reference to the drawings by which the heating pipes or conduits are
supported within the outer cylinder or barrel or case.
7. In apparatus for drying granular substances, the arrangement of fan k in
connection with the cylinder or barrel a; substantiallly as set forth.
8. In apparatus for drying grain and other granular substances, the construction
and arrangement, substantially as set forth, of the means for effecting the movement
of granular substances from one end of the apparatus to the other.
Dated this 10th day of April 1891.
CHEESBROUGH & ROYSTON,
15, Water Street, Liverpool, Applicant's Patent Agents.
CHEESBROUGH & ROYSTON,
15, Water Street, Liverpool, Applicant's Patent Agents.