AN IMPROVED METHOD OF MANUFACTURING FURNITURE FOR AND AN IMPROVEMENT TO THE MOUNTING OF UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS
Year: 1823

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FRANCIS
DEAKIN, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Wire Worker, send
greeting.
WHEREAS I, the said Francis Deakin, have invented "AN IMPROVED
METHOD OF MANUFACTURING FURNITURE FOR AND AN IMPROVEMENT TO THE MOUNTING
OF UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS;" and whereas His Majesty King George the
Fourth, by Letters Patent bearing date at Westminster, the Twenty-second
day of April, in the fourth year of His reign, after reciting my said Invention
and my petition for the said Letters Patent for it for the term of fourteen
years, hath given and granted unto me, the said Francis Deakin, my exors,
adiñors, and assigns, especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority,
that I, the said Francis Deakin, my exors, admors, and assigns, and every of
them, by myself or themselves, or by my and their deputy or deputies, servants
or agents, or such others as I, the said Francis Deakin, my exors, adñiors, or
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term of years therein, should and lawfully
might use, exercise, and vend my said Invention within that part of the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called England, the Dominion of
Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, in such manner as to me, the said
Francis Deakin, my exors, admors, or assigns, or any of them, should in my or
their discretion seem meet. And it is by the said Letters Patent provided
that if I, the said Francis Deakin, should not particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same was
o be performed, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, and

page_text: cause the same to be inrolled in the High Court of Chancery, within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent, then the said Letters Patent, and all liberties and advantages
thereby granted should utterly cease, determine, and become void, anything
therein contained to the contrary in any wise notwithstanding, as in and by
the said Letters Patent inrolled in the High Court of Chancery may more
fully appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Francis Deakin, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention or
improvement, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are
particularly described in the Diagrams annexed and words following:-
--
In the first place, I use cane or suitable wood, iron, steel, or other metal or
compound of metals, or proper material for the ribs of umbrellas and
parasols, and a tube of iron, steel, copper, brass, or any other metal or
compound of metals or proper material, and sometimes papiere maché
instead of the stick in common use or the stick in common use; and also
a tube of iron, steel, copper, brass, or any other metal or compound of metals
or proper material for a runner; and I do cover or coat and defend the said
ribs and tube or stick and runner with calico, or cloth, or tow, or paper, or
leather, or skin, or membrane, or wool, or spun thread, or yarn, or any flexible
or fibrous material capable of giving toughness, strength, and durability to
varnish, japan, bronze, or lacquer, or other adhesive substance which may be laid
thereon or introduced between the parts and in the interstices of the said
coating, covering, or defence, and for general use I prefer calico, except for the
runner, which, when made of iron, I first tin in the ordinary manner, and then
cover or coat with paper; and, farther, I do apply upon the surface and within
the interstices of the said coating, covering, or defence, a sufficient quantity
of varnish, japan, bronze, or lacquer, or other adhesive substance, such as glue,
paste, or paint, capable of becoming solid by drying or exposure, with or
without the use of heat; or I do fill the interstices with one kind or description
of substance, and cover the surface with such other kind or description of sub-
stance as may from choice, or cheapness, or any other motive, be preferred,
and I varnish the papier maché.
The ribs, tube, papier maché stick, and runner are represented in the
annexed Diagram by the Figures No. 11, 12, and 25, 26, and 15.
In the second place, I use two pieces of metal, soldered or rivitted together,
represented by the Figures 1, 2, to which I rivet the wires, Figures 3, 4, and
form the stretchers, Figures 5, 6; or I use a piece of metal, and solder, rivet,
or otherwise make fast a ring to it, Figure 7, and rivet or clench the end of

page_text: the wire, Figure 8, to it, so as to make it fast, and form the stretcher, No. 8a;
or I use a piece of metal, Figure 9, which is perforated, and to which I affix
a hollow piece of metal (a) to receive the roller at the end of Figure 10, which,
to admit the roller to its position, is passed through Figure 9, and thus form
the stretcher No. 11; I then rivet or fasten the stretchers to the ribs, as
represented, Figures 13, 14.
In the third place, I use a runner, in which I make eight or more notches,
represented, Figure 15; into each of these notches I insert the end of the
stretcher, Figure 5, or the end of the stretcher, Figure 6, through which
I pass a wire in the common method; I then screw the guard, Figure 16, up
to the incurved top of the runner, Figure 15, and thus confine the ends of the
stretchers within the incurvation of the runner.
In the fourth place, I use a top tip with a dovetail, represented, Figure 18,
and this tip I insert into a top notch, represented Figure 19; I then screw
the guard 20 upon the notch 19, and thus form the dovetail joint, Figure 21,
& keep the tips in their proper positions; I then rivet or fasten one end of the
rib to the tip, as in Figure 12, and pass the tube, papier maché, or stick
through the runner, Figure 15, and rivet or fasten it to the top notch,
Figure 21, and it is obvious that when the parts aro fixed together in the
manner before described, the umbrella or parasol will be opened or closed by
pressing the runner up or down the tube, papier maché, or stick, in the
common method.
By the preceding description it will be apparent to every workman that my
Invention, and the improvement to the mounting of umbrellas and parasols, the
result of it, consist in the use of iron, steel, and papier maché, and the coating,
covering, or defence, and the application of varnish, japan, bronze, or other
adhesive substance to it, and the stretcher joints, runner, guard, and screw, and
the dovetail tips and joints, herein-before respectively described; and I use
and claim the benefit of all and each of them indiscriminately; and the
advantages which the public will derive from them are, strength combined with
lightness, durability, and elegance, because the tube will be lighter and
stronger than the common stick. The coating will protect the material from
the effect of moisture, and the colours of the coating may be made to vary
according to the taste of the purchaser.
In witness whereof, I, the said Francis Deakin, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Eighteenth day of October, One thousand eight
hundred and twenty-three.
FRAS DEAKIN. (L.S.)

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Eighteenth day of October,
in the year of our Lord 1823, the aforesaid Francis Deakin came before our
said Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stampt according
to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Twentieth day of October, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and twenty-three.