IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS AND APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE ABSORPTION OF GASES BY SOLIDS, OR WHERE CASES ARE MADE TO RE-ACT UPON SOLIDS, PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE IN MAKING BLEACHING POWDER
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Hargreaves, of Widnes, in the County of Lancaster,
Chemist, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS AND APPARATUS
EMPLOYED IN THE ABSORPTION OF GASES BY SOLIDS, OR WHERE CASES ARE
MADE TO RE-ACT UPON SOLIDS, PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE IN MAKING
BLEACHING POWDER."
Sealed the 22nd June 1877, and dated the 27th December 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Hargreaves at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th December 1876.
« IM-
JAMES HARGREAVES, of Widnes, in the County of Lancaster, Chemist.
PROVEMENTS IN MEANS AND APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE ABSORBTION OF GASES
BY SOLIDS, OR WHERE GASES ARE MADE TO RE-ACT UPON SOLIDS, PARTICULARLY
APPLICABLE IN MAKING BLEACHING POWDER."
First. To prevent too great an elevation of temperature in making bleaching
powder and in other re-actions where a high temperature is injurious, when the
apparatus described in the Specification of an Invention by myself and Thomas
Robinson, bearing date the 15th July, 1871, Number 1850, is used, I make the
sides and shelves, arms and scrapers, to contain cavities, through which water or
other fluid is made to flow. The said sides and shelves may be made of lead, iron,
earthenware, or other substance suitable to withstand the chemical action of the
re-agents employed; or instead of making the said shelves and sides hollow coils of
tubing may be used. through which water or other substance is made to flow so as
to maintain the proper temperature. The same means and appliances are also
applicable for raising the temperature when it is desired to heat the materials being
treated.
Second. make the scrapers hang loosely from or be drawn along by the re-
volving arms of the agitators instead of being rigidly fixed thereto, or I make the
said scrapers free to rise and fall independent of the arms by having the upper part
of the said scrapers passed through slots in the said arms.
Third. I provide a store chest or reservoir for the bleaching powder or other
product obtained by the re-action of gases upon solids. The said store chest or
reservoir is placed below the lowest shelf of the apparatus and is provided with a
cavity or cavities through which water or other fluid is made to flow so as to main-
tain its contents at a suitable temperature,

page_text: Fourth. To provide for filling casks or other receptacles without the gaseous
contents escaping I provide an archimedian screw on the bottom of the said store
chest or reservoir. The said archimedian screw is by preference made to raise and
deliver the product upwards so as to act as a close lute.
Fifth. To insure that the contents of the said store chest or reservoir shall fall
upon or be fed to the said archimedian screw I provide agitators which revolve
slowly in the midst of the contents of the said store chest or reservoir.
The said store chest or reservoir, and also the sides of the apparatus may be pro-
vided with glass windows so as to permit the operations going on inside to be seen
.without allowing any gas to escape.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said James Hargreaves in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 27th June
1877.
JAMES HARGREAVES, of Widnes, in the County of Lancaster, Chemist. "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN MEANS AND APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE ABSORPTION OF GASES
BY SOLIDS, OR WHERE GASES ARE MADE TO RE-ACT UPON SOLIDS, PARTICULARLY
APPLICABLE IN MAKING BLEACHING POWDER."
First. To prevent too great an elevation of temperature in making bleaching
powder, and in other re-actions where a high temperature is injurious when the
apparatus described in the Specification of an Invention by myself and Thomas
Robinson, bearing date the 15th July, 1871, Number 1854, is used, I make the
sides and shelves, arms and scrapers, to contain cavities, through which water or
other fluid is made to flow. The said sidesand shelves inay be made of lead, iron,
carthenware, or other substance suitable to withstand the chemical action of the
re-agents employed; or instead of making the said shelves and sides hollow coils of
tubing may be used, through which water or other substance is made to flow, so as
to maintain the proper temperature. The same means and appliances are also
applicable for raising the temperature when it is desired to heat the materials being
treated.
Second. I make the scrapers hang loosely from or be drawn along by the revolving
arms of the agitators instead of being rigidly fixed thereto, or I make the said
scrapers free to rise and fall independent of the arms by having the upper part of
the said scrapers passed through slots in the said arms.
Third. I provide a store chest or reservoir for the bleaching powder or other
product obtained by the re-action of gases upon solids. The said store chest or
reservoir is placed below the lowest shelf of the apparatus and is provided with a
cavity or cavities through which water or other fluid is made to flow so as to main--
tain its contents at a suitable température.
Fourth. To provide for filling casks or other receptacles without the gaseous
contents escaping I provide an archimedean screw on the bottom of the said store
chest or reservoir. The said archimedean screw is by preference made to raise and
deliver the product upwards, so as to act as a close lute.
Fifth. To insure that the contents of the said store chest or reservoir shall fall
upon or be fed to the said archimedean screw I provide agitators which revolve
slowly in the midst of the contents of the said store chest or reservoir.
The said store chest or reservoir, and also the sides of the apparatus, may be pro-
vided with glass windows so as to permit the operations going on inside to be seen
without allowing any gas to escape.
DANGAY
LAN

page_text: Under the first part, the sides 1 and shelves 2 of the apparatus are made hollow
and supplied with water or other fluid from the pipes 3 by regulating the flow of
the fluid through 1 and 2; the interior of the apparatus may be kept at any desired
temperature; Fig. 4 shows a further modification of apparatus under this part of
my Invention; here the arms 4, scrapers 5, and centre spindle 6, are also made
hollow, and fluid caused to circulate therethrough. It will be obvious that the
sides and shelves instead of being made with double walls and a space between
through which the fluid circulates may be formed of coils of piping.
Under the second part, 7 are the scrapers which are formed with stems 8 free to
slide up and down in slots in the arms 9; Fig. 5 illustrates a modification of this.
part of the apparatus. In this arrangement the scrapers 7 are hinged to the
arms 9.
Under the third part, 10' is a store chest formed with a water space 11 there
around. The store chest is placed beneath the lowest shelf of the apparatus and
receives the material after it has been treated.
Under the fourth part, 12 is an archimedean screw placed in an inclined position
in the chest 10. The revolution of the screw causes the delivery of the finished
material, and at the same time from its inclined position serves with the finishod
material to act as a lute and prevent any escape of gases.
Under the fifth part, 13′ is an agitator caused to revolve so as to prevent the
contents of the chest 10 from becoming consolidated and to insure that the finished
material shall fall upon the scrow 12 and be carried away; 14 is hopper and
apparatus through which the unacted upon material is supplied to the interior of
the apparatus; 15 is the gas supply; 10 is the gas exit; 17 are windows through
which the progress of the re-action may be watched.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said Inven-
tion in such manner that others will be enabled to carry my improvements into
effect, I claim :-
First. Constructing apparatus to be employed in the re-action of gases on solids
with hollow sides, shelves, and scrapers, substantially as and for the purposes sot
forth.
Second. Connecting the scrapers 7 to the arms 9, substantially as and for the
purposes set forth.
Third. The store chest 10 and water space 11, for the purposes set forth.
Fourth. In a store chest 10 an archimedean scrow 12, arranged substantially as
and for the purposes set forth.
Fifth. The agitator 13, arranged and operating substantially as described for the
purpose set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Hargreaves, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, the Eleventh day of June, in the year of our Lord One thousand
aight hundred and seventy-seven.
JAMES JOHNSON,
Patent Office,
Clayton Square,
Liverpool.
JAMES HARGREAVES. (Ls.)