AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR TAPPING NUTS, BOLTS, AND SCREWS, AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Gustavus Newberry, Ironfounder, Cardiff,
County of Glamorgan, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR
TAPPING NUTS, BOLTS, AND SCREWS, AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES."
Scaled the 1st November 1859, and dated the 9th September 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Gustavus Newberry
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th Septeniber 1858.
1, JOHN GUSTAVUS NEWBERRY, Ironfounder, Cardiff, County of Glamorgan,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MACHINE
FOR TAPPING NUTS, BOLTS, AND SCREWS, AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES," to be as
follows, and consists of a frame of the ordinary form mounted on proper
supports and divided into two portions or compartments, one of which receives
the driving gear, the other the tapping apparatus; within the former of these,
and resting on two plummer blocks, one on each end, is the main driving
shaft, on to which is keyed the driving wheel or rigger, which conveys the
motion transmitted to it by a strap, or otherwise; besides this last wheel I
mount upon the said shaft a fly wheel, to which I attach much importance, as
I find it serves to give a uniform and increased steadiness to the tap when in
action. On the extremity of the shaft and passing into the tapping compart-
ment is the chuck, in the centre of which is fixed the tap, and directly in front
and moving on slides is the slide head, within which the die is fixed.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Gustavus Newberry in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 9th March 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
GUSTAVUS NEWBERRY, Ironfounder, Cardiff, County of Glamorgan, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Ninth day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-first year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said John Gustavus Newberry, Her special licence that I, the said John
Gustavus Newberry, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said John Gustavus Newberry, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR TAPPING NUTS, BOLTS, AND SCREWS, AND OTHER
SIMILAR PURPOSES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said John
Gustavus Newberry, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the.Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Gustavus Newberry, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, that is to say :-
Upon a suitable frame properly supported I place the machinery, which
consists of a main driving shaft, preferably hollow throughout, and upon which
I mount a fly wheel, of a diameter and weight proportioned to the size and
work to be done by the machine; in like manner I mount upon the shaft
driving pullies to convey. the motion to it, and which may be arranged for
quicker or slower movements, or for throwing the machine out of gear; in
some cases, instead of driving pullies, I mount geared wheels, to effect the
same object, or any suitable equivalent for these. Each extremity of the
driving shaft is supported and rotates in plummer blocks, with brasses fixed

page_text: upon the frame. One extremity of the driving shaft, which projects beyond
its supporting plummer block, has either formed upon it or fixed to it a face
plate or head, preferably of cylindrical form; a portion of the face of this
head is recessed out to receive a square or pollygonal sided die or clamping
piece, preferably formed in two parts, having an aperture in the centre, which
coincides, with the axis of the driving shaft; this piece is adjusted and fixed in
the centre by means of adjusting screws round the exterior of the head,
passing into the centre and pressing upon it; it has also two springs between
its two portions, which urge the two pieces apart when relieved from the
pressure of the set screws. Projecting in front of this head, and parallel with
the axis of the shaft, is a pair of planed guides or slides, upon or within which
moves a sliding stock head, in such a way that its motion is truly at right
angles to the motion of the driving shaft; the centre of this sliding stock-
head is cut out so as to receive within it a centre piece somewhat similar to
that within the head on the end of the shaft; the centres of these two pieces
within the fixed and the sliding heads accurately coincide both with each other
and also wtth the axis of the driving shaft, and, as before mentioned, each is
adjusted and set so as to coincide and be perfectly true, by means of set
screws. If I propose to tap a nut or some such similar article, I place the nut
or article within the central clamping piece fixed to the sliding head, and fix
the plain end of the tap within the central aperture of the clamping piece fixed
in the recessed face of the fixed head, the threaded end being brought close to
the face of the nut; the machine being in motion, and the slide pressed
forward in the direction of the fixed head, that is, against the tap, which enters
the nut and cuts the nut, drawing the sliding head forward until it passes
completely through the nut on to the extremity of the tap which has no thread
upon it; here the diameter being smaller than the perforated and cut hole in
the nut, the latter is pushed out of the centre piece, the sliding head with-
drawn, and another nut inserted; the same operation is repeated until several
are cut, then all are removed from off the plain end of the tap by withdrawing
the latter from the central aperture in the clamping piece of the fixed head.
If, however, I wish to cut a thread or screw upon a bolt or pin, or similar
article, it will be evident that the action must now be reversed, the article
upon which the thread has to be cut being inserted in the fixed head, and the
die for cutting the thread being set in the sliding head, which with its die is
then pressed forward against the article to be cut, and enters upon it, and is
gradually pulled forward as the thread is cut. In this case the slide is some-
what different from the last, being as follows:-Instead of having a central
piece containing the die, the latter is composed of two parts, which slide in

page_text: guides across the face of the sliding head, and are brought together or opened
by means of a lever actuating two other 'hooked arms, placed one on either
side of its fulcrum, and which in their turn act on pins' passing into the two
sliding pieces forming the die, so that by pulling or pushing the lever or handle,
the booked spindles acting on the pins, cause the sliding die pieces to advance
or retire and open or close the die, and either grasp or set free any article
within it; the bandle is held in any one position by means of a spring, which
presses it into a check guide placed alongside it.
The next part of my Invention relates to a modification of the above-
described machinery, and is for the purpose of cutting threads or screws on
articles to be inserted in wood, iron, or similar bodies. The main driving
axle is similar to that last described, and formed hollow throughout, and fixed
so as to rotate upon a suitable frame. Upon this is mounted, as before
described, the fly wheel and the driving pullies or toothed gear, as the case
may be, and in addition to these at one end I fix a small circular saw.
The head, which in the last case I described as a fixed head on the end of the
main shaft, is in this arrangement detached from the shaft and mounted upon a
spindle, which has cut on its other extremity a thread, which I call the regu-
lating thread; the spindle passes through the hollow interior of the axle, so
that the head is brought close up to its end. The thread on the other end of
the spindle works within a female threaded nut, which is fixed or in a fixed
pin placed adjoining to the spindle. The interior of the axle has a slot within
it, in which a corresponding guide in the spindle moves, or the slot may be on
the spindle and the guide in the interior of the axle. The head is formed with
a recess in its face, at the bottom of which a narrow metallic diaphram passes
across from side to side. A slot or groove is also cut right through the head,
in a plane parallel to its face, and just over the bottom of the recess; within
this slot or groove a small rectangular plane or disc slides, having a perforation
in it similar in form to that of an ordinary key-hole, that is, circular at one end
and terminating in a rectangular portion of less breadth. The action of this
arrangement is as follows:-The head of the article which has to have à
thread cut upon it is first applied to the saw, which cuts the nick across it; it
is then inserted within the recess of the stock head on the axle, the nick in
the head going into the diaphram which passes through the bottom of the
said recess, and is thus prevented from turning excepting with the head, while
at the same time the head and spindle are also prevented from turning within
the axle by the action of the groove and the guide at the other end. The
axle being then put in motion, the bolt, pin, or article revolves with it, and
the fixed pin or dié at the end of the spindle turns on the regulating thread

page_text: but as the spindle itself cannot turn within the axle, owing to the slot and
groove, it receives a direct motion forward, and the bolt or pin or article being
urged in the same direction is pressed either against the cutting tool or into a
fixed cutting die, and a thread cut upon it similar to the regulating thread
on the end of the spindle. In connexion and attached to the same machine.
I make use of another fixed die for grinding and finishing the head of the
article operated upon.
In order more clearly to understand the foregoing Specification, I have
appended the following Drawings and description which are intended to illus-
trate the general features, arrangement, and composition of my machine; it is:
not, however, meant that such are the only forms, arrangement, and com-
bination of parts by which I can effect the above described results, as the
dimensions, form, and even combination of the different parts may be varied
and modified to suit particular applications or localities, and many of the parts.
and combinations may be substituted by other well-known mechanical equi-.
valents producing the same results. Nevertheless, I wish it fully understood.
that these Drawings illustrate the best forms; combinations, and disposition of
parts for tapping nuts, bolts, and screws, and such like similar purposes, and
morcover constitute generally the main or leading features of my machine,
which I wish protected and secured to me by the before-mentioned grant of
Letters Patent.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is an clevation shewing one of my single and one of my double
machines with a systein of pullies, bands, and driving wheels so as to combine
and give motion to the whole or any part of the combination; Figure 2 is an
end elevation of the same arrangement; and Figure 3 is a sectional plan of
the same on the line a, y, in Figure 1. The three machines in this combina-
tion are numbered i., ii., and iii. respectively; Figures 4 and 5 are a plan
and elevation of a single machine to be worked by hand, and having
toothed gear instead of bands and pullies. In these Figures similar letters in
cach indicate the same or similar parts of the machine, where A, A, is the
frame, upon which is mounted on the plummer blocks b, b, the main driving
shaft a, a, having fixed upon it the fly wheel c, and the pullies e, e', the former
fixed and the other loose. On the single machine iii., are a set of graduated.
pullics e, e, e, for varying the velocity of the motion. In Figures 4 and 5, the
bands and pullies are replaced by the toothed gear e³, e²; d¹, d², are the bands
or straps through which the motion is conveyed to the pullies; f is the fixed-
stock head on the end of the axle, having the recess in the face f', within.
which is placed the die or clamping piece h, an enlarged Drawing of which is

page_text: shewn at Figure 13, which is a sectional elevation. It will be seen that it is
composed of two pieces, having springs h, he, between them, so that when
the set screw is loosened, they may recede from each other, and set free any
body placed between them, and when the screw is urged home they will grasp
and retain any body similarly placed, as, for instance, either the end of a tap
or a bolt; g, g', g³, g³, are the set screws in the head for adjusting the die, 50
that its centre shall coincide with the axis of the driving axle; j, j³, are taps,
the smooth ends of which are inserted within the clamping piece h; j is a
bolt inserted in the said clamping piece in machine ii.; k, 2, and 3,
are the sliding beads, which move in the planed or surfaced grooves or
guides 1, 1, 1, 12, 13, 1, on the frame; n', n³, are the nuts to be tapped, placed
within the centre piece on the slides ¹, ; the details of these slides, which
are similar, are shewn on an enlarged scale in Figures 11, 11, 11b, and 12,
the first of which is a front elevation of the whole slide, and Figure 12 a plan
of the same, both shewing the position, and mode of fixing the centre piece,
within which is placed the nut to be tapped. Adjusting screws at the top and
bottom set it so that its centre is in a line with the central axis of the driving
shaft. Figure 11ª shews an elevation of a similar piece, but having the eye
in its centre, and within which the nut is placed square instead of hexagonal;
Figure 11 is a plan of Figure 11. Returning again to Figures 1, 2, and 3,
K is a sliding head intended to be used when bolts or similar articles are to
have a thread cut upon them; this sliding head differes in its construction from
that last mentioned. I should also mention that whereas in the plan of the
machines, Figure 3, the slide K2 is. shewn in connexion and attached to
machine ii., for cutting a thread on the bolt ; in Figure 1 the slide is shewn
removed from that machine in order to shew the face of the fixed head f¹ and
the centre clamping piece h, and has been placed in connexion with machine
iii., the slide K³ being removed, it being similar to that on machine i.
Figures 6, 7, 8, 9, 9, and 10 shew different views of the slide 2 upon an
enlarged scale, Figure 6 being a back view, Figure 7 a front view, Figure 8
a similar view as Figure 7, but the sliding pieces which form the die being
drawn apart; Figure 9 is a similar view to Figure 6, but having the covering
plate removed to shew the action of the levers in working the sliding pieces
forming the die; Figure 10 is a plan of the same. The action of this slide
head will be easily understood from the Figures. 1 is a handle or lever
turning on the centre .6, having attached to it on each side of the pin 6, hooked
arms 3 and 4, which in their turn are attached to and actuate pins moving in
slots and fixed to the back of the pieces 7 and 8, which form the die, and
slide in the grooves formed across the face of the head ; 5 is a spring which

page_text: forces the handle back when set free from the check bar 2, and opens the die;
Figure 7 shews the pieces forming the die brought close together. By
drawing back or relieving the handle 1 from the check bar 2, the hooked
arms 3 and 4 actuate the pins, and through them the slides forming the die;
and cause them to separate, and thus immediately set free a bolt or tap or any
other article within the die.
The shafting from which the motion is received is fixed in any convenient
part of the building; in the Drawing, however, I have shewn it supported
upon a series of pillars B, B, the whole connected by the entablature C. Upon
the shaft o, which is supported on the bracket o¹, are mounted the driving
wheels p and 2, which through the bands d', de, drive the machines i. and ii.
Another wheel conveys motion through the band d to the pullies r³, ², on
the shaft o, on which are mounted the graduated pullies e, e, e³, which
through the hand d³, drive machine iii.
:
In Figures 14 and 15, I have shewn another arrangement of main driving
shaft, where, instead of mounting a fly wheel on it, I have a large face plate t
placed behind the shoulder of the fixed head.. I do not, however, advise or
approve of this plan when a fly wheel can be introduced, as to its action I
attribute the great regularity, steadiness, and evenness of motion which my.
machine possesses over all others I have yet seen..
Figures 16, 17, and 18 shew the form and construction of the driving
axle which I make use of for cutting screws on bolts. or pins to be driven into
wood or other substances. is the axle; a¹, the spindle having. the head on
its extremity, and the regulating screw 2 on the other end;. w is a guide
which moves in a corresponding groove in the interior of the axle ; y is a
small circular saw for cutting the nick on the heads of the articles to be
operated upon; 2, the screw being cut, its cut head pressing against a diaphragm
in the bottom of the recess of the head v, and retained in that position by
means of the diaphragm 2, which slides in the slot 2¹, the open portion 23 first
covering the head of the article, then by sliding it so that the narrow portion
24 comes round the neck, and firmly grasps and retains it in that position while
being cut, on pressing the diaphram 2 back into its position, so that the
opening comes again over the head of the article, the latter is at once
relieved and falls out.
Having now fully ascertained and described the nature of my Invention,
and how the same is constructed and acts when so constructed, I wish
it understood that what I claim and desire secured by the before in part
recited Letters Patent is,
First, the use and application of a fly wheel or its equivalent upon the

page_text: main axle of .a. machine to be applied to the purposes described in the
Specification.
Second, the general form and arrangement of the fixed head on the end
of the main axle, and of the clamping piece in the recess in its face when
applied to a machine for the purpose described in the Specification.
Third, the general form and arrangement of the slide, and the mode of
fixing. and using the tap and securing the nut in the centre piece, as shewn in
Figures 1, 2, and 3, and illustrated more fully in the enlarged details in
Figures 11, 11, 11b, and 12.of the Drawings, when. applied to a machine for
the purpose described in the Specification.
Fourth, the general form, arrangement, and combination of the different
parts of the slide for screw.cutting, as shewn generally in machine ii., Figure 3,
and more particularly illustrated in the detailed Drawings in Figures 6, 7,
8, 9, 9, and 10, when so applied as described in the Specification.
Fifth, the general form and construction of the axle and of the head and
spindle, and the different parts when applied to a machine for the.
purpose of
cutting screws on bolts, pins, or other articles to be inserted into wood or
other substances substantially as described in the Specification, and more
particularly illustrated in Figures 15, 16, and Drawings appended thereto.
Sixthly and lastly, I claim the form, arrangement, and disposition of parts
or of equivalents för. these parts, which when combined form. as a whole a
machine for the purpose of. tapping nuts, bolts, and screws, and other
similar purposes generally, as set forth and described in this Specification, and
more particularly illustrated in the Drawings appended thereto.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Gustavus Newberry, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Ninth day. of March, in the year One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
JOHN GUSTAVUS NEWBERRY. (L.S.)
Witness.
JAMES WRIGHT,
21, Bridge Street, Blackfriars,
London.