IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR SMELTING MELTING IRON
Year: 1885

page_text: We ARTHUR GREINER Engineer and THUISKO ERPF, Manufactory Manager, both
of Chisnovoda, Kingdom of Hungary, do hereby declare the nature of my our said
invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR SMELTING
MELTING IRON," and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The purpose of the present invention is to attain a saving of coke in the smelting
melting of iron by means of a peculiar method of admitting air.
In the design accompanying drawings Fig. 1 represents in longitudinal section a
empel cupola furnace of the system about to be described herein.
Fig. 3 is a section after
u,
b
Fig. 5 is a section after c, d through Fig. 1.
Fig. 6 is a section after e,f)
In Fig. 2 which is a reduced section of the lower part of the furnace A, B indicate the
boundary-line above which the temperature of the falling masses still descending
materials has not yet reached the ignition temperature of the coke.
will
If a column of fuel is provided at its lower end with combustion-air, then
be found, that at a relatively short distance from above the point where the combustion-
air enters it, the inixture of gas composed of carbonic oxide and nitrogen has already
begun to form. This distance is estimated to be 6 to 10 times the diameter of
material used for fuel (sec Dürre's Management of Iron-works part 14 page 6).
In eupel cupola-furnaces with two rows of eyes tugeres the purpose of the upper row
is certainly to burn the carbonic oxide gases that have arisen by reduction, and this
aim will be best attained if this upper row is applied at-some-distance from above the
lower row of eyes tuyeres, at a height where the work of reduction has already been
done completely. But according to the above mentioned theory this distance varies
in one and the same furnace and depends on the volume of the coke. With due
regard to this circumstance the inventors we have made the arrangement that
within and I imetre (about 6 to 10 times the diameter) the distance of between
the rows of eyes tuyeres can be altered even during the melting, either by drawing out
or pushing in according as required the closing-pieces which are made to screw in or
out and marked with m in the construction I. Fig 1.

page_text: But at a distance of I metre the temperature of the falling masses descending
materials is still very high, at all events much higher than the ignition temperature of
the coke. In consequence of this not only will a combustion of the carbonic oxide
gases take place before the upper row of eyes tuyeres, but even the coke itself will
commence to burn. But then, according to the above mentioned theory, the reduction
will take place again immediately and a formation of carbonic oxide though restricted
hereby is not rendered impossible. Any number of such rows of eyes tuyeres placed
one above the other would have the same effect, for it is not possible for the
temperature between two rows of eyes tuyeres to sink so much, that an ignition of the
coke and a further reduction of the carbonic oxide gases are rendered impossible
thereby.
There exists at all events in empol cupola furnaces at a level A, B (fig. 2,) above
which the temperature of the descending masses materials has not reached the ignition-
temperature of the coke. This point level will-lie at a distance varying between
certain limits from above the upper row of eyes tuyeres, it being indifferent whether
the eupels cupola-furnace have only one or several rows of eyes tuyeres. But if
fresh air is admitted above point the level A B the coke will not ignite then and merely
a combustion of carbonic oxide gases will take place, for the ignition temperature of
the latter is much lower. It seems probable that with such an arrangement a
formation of carbonic oxide at such higher level is not possible, and in consideration of
this circumstance the inventors we have applied the construction shown K. The latter
enables the upper air to blow in through narrow air-pipes at a changeable height
above the lower air, as by on screwing out the closing-pieces any of the air-pipes can
easily be plugged up with clay. With this construction the upper air can also
exercise a tension pressure quite independently, as the two air-conduits are connected
separately with an air-collector, so that the quantity and force of the air currents can
be regulated independently of each other by means of the slides V and M.
As the leading in eupols cupola-furnaces of the hot blast into the zones of fusion
has an injurious effect on the quality of the iron, the-inventors we have finally made
the arrangement, that cold air can be admitted below for to effect the combustion of
the coke, but above the carbonic oxide gases can be consumed by hot
This
oxygen.
is effected by opening slide N and closing slide M, so that the upper air current
passes through an air-heating apparatus.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is
i
+) For a construction by means of which the distance of the two lower rows of
eyes in cupols-furnaces can be altered even during the working by adjusting the
sliding closing pieces m.--(Design-see Part I section-c, d und -g.)
2)-For 1. The application of an upper air conduit, which allows of the air always
blowing in supply at a height at which the coke has not reached its ignition tem-
perature, by opening or closing the air-pipes n accordingly; this construction
likewise admits admitting of the upper air-current being regulated as regards tension
pressure and quantity quite independent of the lower air-current, both air-currents
being connected separately with the air-regulator and each being regulated for itself
by means of slides V and M. (Design see Part K, section a, b in natural size.)
substantially as hereinbefore described.
3)-For 2. Dividing the air into a cold under-current and into a hot upper-current,
which is effected by using the air-heating apparatus and by opening slide N and
JOHN E. WALSH,
Crossley Street, Halifax,
Agent for the Applicants:
JOHN E. WALSH,
Crossley Street, Halifax,
Agent for the Applicants:

page_text: I, ARTHUR GREINER Engineer and THUISKO ERPF, Manufactory Manager, both
of Chisnovoda, Kingdom of Hungary, do hereby declare the nature of my said
invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR SMELTING
IRON," and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement :—
The purpose of the present invention is to attain a saving of coke in the smelting
of iron by means of a peculiar method of admitting air.
In the design Fig. 1 represents in longitudinal section a cupol furnace of the
system about to be described herein.
Fig 3 is a section after a,
Fig 5 is a section after c, d through Fig. 1.
Fig 6 is a section after e, f
In Fig. 2 A, B indicate the boundary-line above which the temperature of the
falling masses still reached the ignition temperature of the coke.
If a column of fuel is provided at its lower end with combustion-air, then it will
be found, that at a relatively short distance from the point where the combustion-
air enters it, the mixture of gas composed of carbonic oxide and nitrogen has already
begun to form. This distance is estimated to be 6 to 10 times the diameter of
material used for fuel (see Dürre's Management of Iron-works part 14 page 6).
In cupol-furnaces with two rows of eyes the purpose of the upper row is certainly
to burn the carbonic oxide gases that have arisen by reduction, and this aim will
be best attained if this upper row is applied at some distance from the lower row
of eyes, where the work of reduction has already been done completely. But
according to the above mentioned theory this distance varies in one and the same
furnace and depends on the volume of the coke. With due regard to this circum-
stance the inventors have made the arrangement that within 0, 5 and 1 metre
(about 6 to 10 times the diameter) the distance of the rows of eyes can be altered
even during the melting, either by drawing out or pushing in according as required
the closing-pieces made to screw in or out and marked with m in the construction I.
But at a distance of 1 metre the temperature of the falling masses is still very
high, at all events much higher than the ignition temperature of the coke. In

page_text: consequence of this not only will a combustion of the carbonic oxide gases take
place before the upper row of eyes, but even the coke itself will commence to .burn.
But then, according to the above mentioned theory, the reduction will take place
again immediately and a formation of carbonic oxide though restricted hereby is
not rendered impossible. Any number of such rows of eyes placed one above the
other would have the same effect, for it is not possible for the temperature between
two rows of eyes to sink so much, that an ignition of the coke and a further
reduction of the carbonic oxide gases are rendered impossible thereby.
There exists at all events in cupol furnaces at A, B (fig 2,) above which the
temperature of the descending masses has not reached the ignition-temperature of
the coke. This point will lie at a distance varying between certain limits from the
upper row of eyes, it being indifferent whether the cupols-furnace have only one or
several rows of eyes. But if fresh air is admitted above point A B the coke will
not ignite then and merely a combustion of carbonic oxide gases take place, for the
ignition temperature of the latter is much lower. It seems probable that with such
an arrangement a formation of carbonic oxide is not possible, and in consideration
of this circumstance the inventors have applied construction K. The latter enables
the upper air to blow in through narrow air-pipes at a changeable height above the
lower air, as by screwing out the closing-pieces the air-pipes can easily be plugged
up with clay. With this construction the upper air can also exercise a tension
quite independently, as the two air-conduits are connected separately with an air-
collector, so that the quantity and force of the air currents can be regulated
independent of each other by means of the slides V and M.
As the leading in cupols-furnaces of the hot blast into the zones of fusion has an
injurious effect on the quality of the iron, the inventors have finally made the
arrangement, that cold air can be admitted below for to effect the combustion of
the coke, but above the carbonic oxide gases can be consumed by hot oxygen. This
is effected by opening slide N and closing slide M, so that the upper air current
passes through an air-heating apparatus.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is
1) For a construction by means of which the distance of the two lower rows of
eyes in cupols-furnaces can be altered even during the working by adjusting the
sliding closing-pieces m. (Design see Part I section c, d and f, g.)
2) For the application of an upper air conduit, which allows of the air always
blowing in at a height at, which the coke has not reached its ignition temperature,
by opening or closing the air-pipes n accordingly; this construction likewise
admits of the upper air-current being regulated as regards tension and quantity
quite independent of the lower air-current, both air-currents being connected
separately with the air-regulator and each being regulated for itself by means of
slides V and M. (Design see Part K, section a b, in natural size.)
3) For dividing the air into a cold under-current and into a hot upper-current,
which is effected by using the air-heating apparatus by opening slide N and closing
slide M. (Design, see Part L.)
Doted thin