Improvements in Machinery or Apparatus for Forging by Hydraulic Pressure.
Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 5th Oct., 1886
Complete Left, 1st July, 1887.
Complete Accepted, 16th Aug., 1887.
Improvements in Machinery or Apparatus for Forging by
Hydraulic Pressure.
I, WILLIAM DANIEL ALLEN, of The Bessemer Steel Works, Sheffield, in the
County of York, Steel Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to
be as follows:-
The object of my invention is to simplify the construction of machinery used for
forging by hydraulic pressure and to render the action thereof more simple, rapid, and
efficient than heretofore has been usual. To this end I construct a press such that the
ram thereof can be readily caused to approach the metal to be operated upon, the
final pressure being then caused by the action of a pump.
For admission and emission of water to the press cylinder for giving the preliminary
forward movement to the ram and admitting of its return under the action of the
steam, an equilibrium valve is employed which is conveniently made in the form of a
plunger able to work in a valve case with packing such as cup leathers. At suitable
positions in its length the periphery of the plunger is formed with fine longitudinal
channels whereby water can pass into or out of the press cylinder according to the
position of the plunger for the time being, or when the cylindrical portion of the
plunger is opposite the port leading to the press cylinder, escape of water therefrom
will be prevented.
The ram of the press reciprocates with each backward and forward stroke of the
pump, the arrangement being such that the forcing action of the pump acts directly
upon the ram of the press without the intervention of intermediate clack or other
valves, thus the ram is forced forward by each forward stroke of the pump and recedes
with each receding action of the pump. The ram is raised or drawn back by the
pressure of steam acting upon a suitable piston or pistons.
The pump as I prefer to construct it, is a double plunger pump. The two plungers
of the pump work in one cylinder which is open right away through, one of the
plungers working into it at each end, and at each stroke the two plungers move in
opposite directions so that their acting faces alternately advance towards and recede
from each other.

page_text: The crank or eccentric shaft for working the said plungers, which is usually
provided with a fly wheel or wheels, has three crank pins or eccentrics so relatively
arranged that the position of the centre one is directly opposed to the throw of the
two side ones; the centre crank pin or eccentric works the plunger that is nearer to
the crank or eccentric shaft, the force exerted being a thrusting action, and the two
side pins or eccentrics work the plunger that is further from the shaft, in which case
the force exerted is a pulling action; thus the forces exerted are made to oppose each
other, and the strains in the cranks or eccentrics, and in the pumps, and also between
the crank or eccentric shaft and the pumps are made to counterbalance and neutralize
each other, or approximately so, by which means the friction and strains in the
various parts are much reduced.
Dated this 5th day of October 1000
W. LLOYD WISE,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C.,
Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: Improvements in Machinery or Apparatus for Forging by
Hydraulic Pressure.
I, WILLIAM DANIEL ALLEN, of The Bessemer Steel Works, Sheffield, in the
County of York, Steel Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :—
The object of my invention is to simplify the construction of machinery used for
forging by hydraulic pressure, and to render the action thereof more simple, rapid,
and efficient than heretofore has been usual. To this end I construct a press such that
the ram thereof can be readily caused to approach the metal to be operated upon, the
final pressure being then caused by the action of a pump.
For admission and emission of water to the press cylinder for giving the preliminary
forward movement to the ram and admitting of its return under the action of the
steam an equilibrium valve is employed which is conveniently made in the form of a
plunger able to work in a valve case with packing such as cup leathers. At suitable
positions in its length the periphery of the plunger is formed with fine longitudinal
channels whereby water can pass into or out of the press cylinder according to the
position of the plunger for the time being, or when the cylindrical portion of the
plunger is opposite the port leading to the press cylinder, escape of water therefrom
will be prevented.
The ram of the press reciprocates with each backward and forward stroke of the
pump, the arrangement being such that the forcing action of the pump acts directly
upon the ram of the press without the intervention of intermediate clack or other
valves, thus the ram is forced forward by each forward stroke of the pump and recedes
with each receding action of the pump. The ram is raised or drawn back by the
pressure of steam acting upon a suitable piston or pistons.
The pump as I prefer to construct it is a double plunger pump. The two plungers
of the pump work in one cylinder which is open right away through, one of the
plungers working into it at each end, and at each stroke the two plungers move in
opposite directions so that their acting faces alternately advance towards and recede
from each other.
.
The crank or eccentric shaft for working the said plungers, which is usually
provided with a fly wheel or wheels, has three crank pins or eccentrics so relatively
arranged that the position of the centre one is directly opposed to the throw of the
two side ones; the centre crank pin or eccentric works the plunger that is nearer to
the crank or occentric shaft, the force exerted being a thrusting action; and the two
side pins or eccentrics work the plunger that is further from the shaft, in which case
the force exerted is a pulling action; thus the forces exerted are made to oppose each
other, and the strains in the cranks or eccentrics, and in the pumps, and also between
the crank or eccentric shaft and the pumps, are made to counterbalance and neutralize

page_text: each other, or approximately so, by which means the friction and strains in the various
parts are much reduced.
Referring to the accompanying drawings,
Fig. 1 is an elevation partly in vertical section of a forging press constructed
according to my invention.
Fig. 2 is a plan of the same.
Figs. 3 and 4 are similar views to Figs. 1 and 2 of pumping apparatus according
to this invention.
Figs. 5 and 6 are respectively a vertical section and a horizontal section, drawn to
an enlarged scale, of an improved form of equilibrium valve.
Referring to Figs. 1 and 2, A, A', are respectively top and bottom frames or
entablatures, each made in two parts secured together by bolts and by weldless
hoops A shrunk on the adjacent circular parts. B, B, are columns, with rings or
collars B formed on them. The columns may be made hollow. C is a cylinder for
motive fluid; it is carried by a support C¹ secured to the upper frame A, and its
interior is in communication with a steam boiler or other source of motive fluid.
D is a piston beneath which a constant pressure of steam or other motive fluid is
maintained. F is the press cylinder fitted with packing F¹. F' is a ram that works
through the lower end of the cylinder; it carries the upper forging die or block, and
is provided with a shank or elongation G that extends through the top of the press
cylinder F, and is connected to the piston rod D. E is a crosshead fitted to the
shank or extension G. It slides between guide faces, and serves to prevent the ram
turning round.
In Figs. 3 to 6, J is the pump cylinder, K', K', plungers arranged to work in
opposite directions therein; and L the engine crank shaft formed with three cranks.
The centre crank M is connected to and operates the plunger K¹ by means of the
connecting rod N, and the two outer cranks 0, 0, are set directly opposite to the.
centre one and are connected to and operate the plunger K2 by connecting rods P, P.
By this arrangement, when the shaft Lis rotated, the plungers are caused to advance
towards or recede from each other, and the strains due to the driving of the plungers
are approximately counterbalanced or neutralized. L', L', are the cylinders of the
engines that drive the crank shaft L. Q is a pipe connecting the interior of the pump
cylinder J with the interior of the press cylinder F. An equilibrium valve for
regulating and controlling the action of the press may be placed in connection with
this pipe; the valve shown comprises a plunger R and valve casing Q (fig. 5 and 6).
The plunger R is made solid at its central portion, and provided with numerous fine
longitudinal channels at its end portions S. These channels are shown formed of a
number of plates S₁ arranged annularly at a short distance apart, and secured in place
between the central portion of the plunger and the end portions R¹, R', by screw
bolts R³, an annular space $2 being left between the interior of each ring of plates and
the corresponding screw bolt R. The end portions R¹ are each fitted with cup
leathers R. The casing Q₁ is formed on one side with an opening Q in com-
munication with the pipe Q, and at its opposite side with openings T and U in
communication respectively with a water supply under pressure and an exhaust
chamber; it is also provided with cup leathers Q. V is a rod (fig. 1) connected to
the plunger R, and W is a lever for manipulating the same. The operation of the
apparatus hereinbefore described for forging by hydraulic pressure is as follows:-
Supposing the ram F2 to be held up in the position shown in Fig. 1 by the pressure
of motive fluid beneath the piston D, the lever W is operated to raise the plunger R
so as to place the opening T in communication with the opening Q' through the
channels and the space S in the lower end of the said plunger. Water having
sufficient pressure to overcome the fluid pressure on the piston D is then admitted to
the press cylinder F through the pipe Q and the ram F2 caused to descend sufficiently
close to the work to be operated upon. The plunger R is then placed in its central
position shown in Fig. 5, and the pump plungers K', K', brought into action to give
the final pressure. At each forward or inward stroke of the pump, the ram F" will be
forced downward or forward to effect the forging operation, whilst at each backward

page_text: or outward stroke of the pump the ram will be raised by the action of the fluid
pressure on the piston D. The piston D will lift the ram F until its further progress
is arrested by water in the press cylinder that cannot escape. When the forging is
finished, the pump is stopped. By lowering the plunger valve R so as to place the
opening Qin communication with the exhaust outlet U, the ram F2 will be raised by
the piston D ready for the next forging operation, the water above the ram passing to
the exhaust.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said invention,
and in what manner it is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :—
:
In machinery or apparatus for forging by hydraulic pressure,
1. An equilibrium valve formed with slots or channels substantially as described for
admitting water to the press cylinder for giving the preliminary forward movement to
the
ram, and for exhausting the same.
2. Adapting a forging press to be worked by the pressure of both liquid and elastic
fluid, substantially in the manner hereinabove described, the forward stroke of the
ram being effected by pressure of liquid, and the raising or return movement by
pressure of elastic fluid such as steam, as set forth.
3. The combination with the reciprocating ram of an hydraulic press, of a piston
acted upon by elastic fluid pressure for raising or drawing back the ram, and a pump
acting directly upon the ram without the intervention of intermediate clack or other
valves, the ram being forced forward by each forward stroke of the pump and
receding with each receding stroke of the pump, substantially as hereinbefore
described.
4. The improved hydraulic forging press with means for effecting the return
movement of its ram substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Figs. 1
and 2 of the drawings annexed.
5. The improved double plunger pump for operating an hydraulic forging press
constructed and arranged substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the
drawings annexed.
6. The improved equilibrium valve constructed arranged and operating sub-
stantially as hereinbefore described with reference to and shown in Figs. 3 to 6
inclusive of the drawings annexed.
Dated this 1st day of July 1887.
W. LLOYD WISE,
Per F. J. Brougham,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C.,
Agent for the Applicant.