Improvements in Devices or Frames for use in connection with Planing Articles.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd Mar., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 21st Dec., 1892-Accepted, 11th Feb., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Devices or Frames for use in connection with
Planing Articles.
I, ERNST WEIDNER of Waltershausen, Thuringia in the Empire of Germany,
Master Joiner, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to a device called a planing frame by the inventor, which
is to be mainly employed in the manufacture of so called amateur joinery ("Hand-
fertigsarbeiten"), such as is done by scholars as well as adults, but, when the
frame is made of a larger size, may also be employed for wood working on a
commercial scale.
The putting together of separate parts of objects made by amateurs, which parts,
as is well known, are produced by the use of the fretsaw and the cross cutter, has
had hitherto to be frequently done by practical workmen on a large plane bench,
because a suitable apparatus was wanting by means of which the edges, for
instance, of two boards meeting at right angles to one another, may, in the simplest
manner, be planed off to a suitable angle, or made smooth in such a way that the
boards may be glued together on the surfaces, thus planed off, or cut to a bevel.
It has also not been an easy matter to plane off the ends of the four sides of a
picture frame, or such like article, so exactly and smoothly that the end surfaces,
when glued together, might fit exactly against one another.
The apparatus hereinafter described, called by the inventor "planing frame"
("Hobelrahmen") is suitable both for carrying out correctly the above described
operations, as well as for making prismatic articles or articles more or less rounded.
The planing frame consists of an angle frame, the legs of which stand at right angles
to.one another. This angle frame is movably attached to a bedplate, which, in its
turn, may be attached to an ordinary table top by means of one or more screw
clamps. The longer arm of the angle frame may be adjusted within the quadrant
of a circle at any, suitable angle on the supporting plate, by means of a screw, and
a slotted segment which is attached to the angle frame.
The supporting plate is of such a width that an article may be gripped between
its edge and the connecting piece of the one part of the angle frame, by means of
a screw penetrating the connecting piece, as soon as the part in question of the
frame is turned down so far that its side surfaces are level with the upper surface
of the supporting plate, that is to say, as soon as both drop into the same plane.
The frame has further a second connecting piece, which serves as a counter rest,
when an article to be operated on is held by means of a screw between it and the
cross bar of the shorter arm of the angle frame. A board, which is attached to
this.latter connecting piece at right angles to the shorter part of the angle frame,
serves as a support for the plane.
In order to render more clear the mode of working of the planing frame, let it
be assumed that the bars of a picture frame are to be made, for this purpose, the
longer leg, of the angle frame is laid down horizontally so that the shorter leg
stands,vertically,, and the supporting board for the plane also stands horizontally.
The piece of wood which is to be worked is then firmly fixed between the cross
bars of the shorter legs of the frame by means of a screw, whilst the pressure
plate may be arranged to prevent the screw pressing too strongly into the piece
of wood to be worked. The plane is then placed with its side surface on the
supporting board, so that its blade is directed against the piece to be worked, and
acts upon the projecting side of the latter until the same shows an even surface,
whilst the side face of one of the cross bars serves as a guide for the working face
of the plane.
After all four sides of the several bars or mouldings for constructing the picture

page_text: frame have been treated in this manner, the angle frame is turned so that it rests
in an inclined position, to do this, the screw (the nut of which is situated on the
supporting board) which holds the frame in the first named position, and which
passes through a slot of a segmental piece, is loosened, and the frame is again fixed
in an inclined position by tightening the same screw.
The piece of wood to be operated on is then laid on the supporting board, which
rests on the table to which the frame is attached, so that the upper surface of the
former projects somewhat over the side faces of the longer leg of the frame, but,
at the same time, care must be taken that the one end of the piece being operated
on, which is turned from the. operator, rests securely against the inner side of the
one end of the angle frame. The plane is then placed with its right side edge
against the short leg of the frame, or its screwed down pressure plate, and with
the corresponding part of its lower edge against a projecting part of the connecting
piece of the short leg. Then, whilst with one hand the piece of wood is firmly
pressed down, with the other hand, or with the plane, it can be so operated on that
the then planed surface of the piece to be treated forms an angle similar to that which
is enclosed by the long leg of the frame, and the supporting board resting on the
table, whilst it is of course possible, by a suitable gradual moving forward of the
piece to be planed, against the shorter leg of the angle frame, to produce any
required broad inclined surface.
If all the bars of the picture frame which is to be constructed have been planed
off in this manner, a profile may further be imparted to the planed surfaces, by
fixing the separate bars or mouldings first between the longitudinal edges of the
supporting board which is at the front of the short leg and the cross bar of the
long leg of the frame, which has again been laid down in its original position,
whilst a pressure plate may also be employed for preserving the bar or moulding
from injury by the fixing screws. When the plane has been fitted with a suitable
profile blade, the bar which has been fixed in may be further treated. For putting
together the separate bars or mouldings, after the same have been treated in the
manner above described, it is still necessary to plane off the same to a bevel in such
away that, when they are glued together, they fit tight one against the other.
For this purpose, a triangle is placed on one of the supporting boards, and
firmly clamped by means of screws, whilst the pressure plate in the long leg of
the frame acts on one side or the other of the base plate of the triangle, which
plate penetrates into the interstice between the pressure plate and the edge of one
of the supporting tables. The bar or moulding is then laid with its corresponding
longitudinal side on the inclined edge of this triangle in such a way that, reaching
beneath the connecting bar of the shorter leg of the connecting frame, it projects
to a suitable extent on the right side of this latter, and may be firmly fixed there
by means of a screw. Then, by again placing the plane on the supporting board,
the projecting end of the bar may be planed off exactly level corresponding to the
shape of the triangle, for instance to 45 degrees or else to some other angle, when
the same is ready to be glued up. An adjustable triangle might be employed,
having at one of the ends of its inclined supporting edge,. movably attached leg,
the segment of which, which is preferably connected therewith to a whole, is fitted
into a slot of the other end of the triangle. The fixing of the movable leg is
effected by means of a little movable bolt, which is caused to engage in one of the
grooves of the segment. By means of this angle, it is possible to give any desired
, inclination to the end of the bar or moulding which it is desired to operate on.
If the article, which is to be operated on by means of the above described
planing frame, further require to be filed or sawn, a removable filing vice, with a
swallow-tail groove, may be attached to the arm of the longer leg of the angle
frame.
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page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Devices for Frames for use in connection with
Planing Articles.
1, ERNST WEIDNER of Waltershausen, Thuringia, in the Empire of Germany,
Master Joiner, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
This invention relates to a device called a planing frame by the inventor, which
is to be mainly employed in the manufacture of so called amateur joinery
(Handfertigsarbeiten ") such as is done by scholars as well as adults, but when
the frame is made of a larger size may also be employed for wood working on a
commercial scale.
The putting together of the separate parts of articles made by amateurs, which
parts, as is well known, are produced by the use of the fretsaw and the cross cutter,
has had hitherto to be frequently done by practical workmen on a large plane bench
because a suitable apparatus was wanting by means of which the edges, for instance,
of two boards meeting at right angles to one another, may in the simplest manner
be planed off to a suitable augle, or made smooth in such a way that the boards
may be glued together on the surfaces thus planed off, or cut to a bevel.
It has
also not been an easy matter to plane off the ends of the four sides of a picture
frame, or such like article, so exactly and smoothly that the end surfaces when
glued together fit exactly against one another.
The apparatus hereinafter described, called by the inventor a planing frame
("Hobelrahmen") is suitable both for doing the above work perfectly as well as
for making prismatic articles or articles more or less rounded.
The planing frame consists, as may be seen from the accompanying drawings, of
an angle frame ab, the legs ab of which stand at right angles to one another. This
angle frame is movably attached to a bed plate which in its turn may be attached
to an ordinary table top by means of one or more screw cramps d. The longer
arm a of the angle frame may be adjusted within the quadrant of a circle at any
suitable angle on the supporting plate e by means of a screw, and a slotted segment g
which is attached to the angle frame, see Figure 3 of the accompanying drawings.
The bed plate is of such a width that an article may be gripped between its edge h
and the connecting piece i of the part a of the angle frame, by means of a screw k
penetrating the connecting piece, as soon as the part a of the frame is turned down
so far that its side surfaces are level with the upper surface of the supporting
plate, that is to say as soon as both drop into the same plane, Figure 1. The
frame a b has further a second connecting piece m at the edge of the point of its
angle which serves as a counter rest, when an article to be worked upon is held by
means of the screw o between it and the cross barn of the shorter arm of the angle
frame. A board which is attached to the connecting piece m at right angles to
the shorter part of the angle fraine, serves as a support or ledge for the plane z,
Figure 5.
In order to render more clear the mode of working of the planing frame, let it be
assumed that the bars of a picture frame are to be made. For this purpose, the
longer leg a of the angle frame is laid down horizontally, so that the shorter leg b
stands vertically, and the supporting board or ledge p for the plane also stands
horizontally, as seen in Figure 1. The piece of wood r which is to be worked, is
then firmly fixed between the cross bars m and n by means of a screw o whilst a
pressure plate g may be arranged to prevent the screw pressing too strongly into
the piece of wood under treatment. The plane is then placed with its side surface
on the ledge p so that its blade is directed against the piece r and acts upon the
projecting side of the latter until the same presents an even surface, whilst the
vertical side face in question of the cross bar in serves as a guide for the working

page_text: face of the plane. After all four sides of the several bars or mouldings of which
the picture frame is to be formed have been handled in this manner, the angle
frame is turned so that it rests in an inclined position as shown in Figure 3. To
do this, the screw (the nut of which is seated in the supporting board) which holds
the frame in the first named position, and which passes through a slot of the
segmental piece g, is loosened and the frame is again fixed in an inclined position
by tightening the same screw. The piece of wood which is to be operated on is
then laid on the supporting board which rests on the table to which the frame is
attached so that the upper surface of the former, as shown in Figure 5, projects
somewhat over the side face of the longer leg a of the frame, but at the same time
care must be taken that the one end of the piece being operated on, which is turned
away from the operator, rests securely against the inner side of the opposite arms,
Figure 5, of the leg a of the angle frame. The plane is then placed with its right
side edge against the short leg of the frame or its screwed down pressure plate 4,
and with the corresponding part of its lower edge against a projecting part of the
Connecting piece m. Then whilst with one hand the piece of wood is firmly
pressed down, with the other hand, and by means of the plane it can be so operated
on, that the then planed surface of the piece of work forms with the surface of the
work piece resting thereon an angle similar to that which is enclosed by the long
leg a of the frame, and the supporting board e resting on the table, whilst it is of
course possible, by a suitable and gradual moving forward of the piece to be planed
against the shorter leg of the angle frame, to plane the surface of the same to
any required width.
7"
against
If all the bars of the picture frame which is to be made have been planed off in
this mauner, a profile may further be imparted to the planed surfaces, by fixing the
separate bars or mouldings first between the longitudinal edges of the ledge c
which is at the front of the short lege and the cross bar i of the long leg a of the
frame, which has again been laid down in its original position, Figure 1, whilst a
pressure plate u may also be employed for protecting the bar or moulding
injury by the fixing screws k. When the plane has been fitted with a suitably
shaped blade, the "bar which has been fixed in, may be further treated. For
putting together the separate bars or mouldings after the same have been planed in
the manner above described, it is still necessary to plane off the ends of the same to
a bevel in such a way that when they are glued together they fit tight one against
the other. For this purpose a triangle e, Figure 6, is placed on the supporting
board in the manner shown in Figure 4, and firmly clamped by means of the
screws, whilst the pressure plate acts on one side or the other of the bar win
connection with the triangle e, which bar projects into the interstice between the
pressure plate and the edge h of the bed plate. The bar or moulding is then laid
with its corresponding longitudinal side on the inclined edge of this triangle in
such a way that, reaching beneath the connecting barn of the shorter arm of the
frame. it projects to a suitable extent on the right side of this latter and may be
firmly fixed there by means of the screws o. Then by again placing the plane on
the ledge p, the projecting end of the bar may be planed off exactly level corre-
sponding to the shape of the triangle e, for instance to 45° or else to some other
angle when the same is ready to be glued up.
If the article which is to be operated on by means of the above described planing
frames requires to be further finished, the clamping vice y, shown in Figures
and 8, may be made use of. This vice has, at its rear part, a dovetail groove 1, by
means of which it is placed over the bar s¹ of the frame a. The bar s has a
dovetail opening 2 corresponding to the dovetail groove 1, Figures 5 and 9, so that
the filing vice y may be very easily placed over the bar s¹.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. A planing device or frame for use in connection with planing articles,.

page_text: characterised by the rectangular frame ab having tightening devices ko which
frame may be revolved on the fixed support plate c, in such a way that articles
may be gripped between the support plate and the leg a of the frame, as well as
between the bar m and the upper barn of the frame, whilst an adjustment of the
frame ab against the support bed will allow the edges of articles lying thereon to
be planed off.
2. In the planing device or frame described in Claim 1, the arrangement of the
ledge or guide plates p for guiding the plane on the rear side of the frame b.
3. In the planing device or frame described in Claim 1, the arrangement of a
segmental piece with clamp screws for the purpose of adjusting the frame a bat a
suitable angle to the board c.
4. In the planing device or frame described in Claim 1, the arrangement of a
triangle between the bed plate c and bar i of the frame a to allow of the edge of
the work being bevelled off."
5. In the planing device or frame described in Claim 1, the arrangement of a
measuring bar on the triangle provided with a quadrant 3, and capable of being
fixed by means of set screws and adjustable to a given degree in order to allow
of articles being cut and planed to various angles of bevelling.
6. In the planing device or frame described in Claim 1, the arrangement of a
filing vice y provided at its back with a dovetail groove in the dovetail surface of
the side leg of the frame a.
Dated this 20th day of December 1892.
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, Agents for the Applicant.