AN IMPROVED MACHINE POR SAWING, GROOVING, MOULDING, DOVETAILING, AND OTHERWISE WORKING WOOD
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Robert Lake, of the "International
Patent Office," No. 8, Southampton Buildings, London, Consulting
Engineer, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED MACHINE POR SAWING,
GROOVING, MOULDING, DOVETAILING, AND OTHERWISE WORKING WOOD."-A
communication from abroad by Joseph Dill, of Grand Rapids,
Michigan, United States of America, Mechanical Engineer.
Sealed the 9th October 1869, and dated the 10th July 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Robert Lake
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 10th July 1869.
I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the "International Patent Office,"
No. 8, Southampton Buildings, London, Consulting Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR
SAWING, GROOVING, MOULDING, DOVETAILING, AND OTHERWISE WORKING WOOD,"
a communication, to be as follows:-
My Invention is designed to accomplish a variety of the work usually
performed by manufacturers of furniture and carpenters and joiners,

page_text: including dovetailing, plane and blind, grooving, tonguing, moulding,
tenoning, and sawing, both for slitting and squaring, and to bring the
power and machinery necessary to perform the various operations above
named within the compass of one machine. The body of the machine
is composed of a framework of iron or other suitable material supported
on four legs. The power is applied to the said machine by means of a
band running over a pulley, which is attached to a shaft extending
across the end of the machine, and upon which are suitable pulleys
carrying bands for operating the mechanism. On the framework are
mounted three circular saws, one of which is hung on a horizontal arbor,
and is always intended to run in a perpendicular position. This arbor is
adjustable longitudinally by means of a regulating screw working in the
bed on which the arbor revolves, and which is operated by a hand wheel.
The second saw is attached to an arbor which is adjusted with reference
to the other parts of the machine at an angle, that is, the outer end of
this arbor is depressed from a horizontal line as compared with the inner
end, thus forming an inclined plane, so that the said saw runs at an angle
to a perpendicular line, and this angle may be increased or diminished
at pleasure. The position of this arbor and the consequent angle at
which the saw will run is regulated and changed by set screws.
The
arbor upon which the third saw runs is also depressed at the outer end
a little from a horizontal line, so that the said saw also runs at an angle
to a perpendicular line, but in an opposite direction to the angle of the
second saw. The extent of this angle may be regulated and changed in
the same manner as that of the said second saw. Both of these saws
may be adjusted longitudinally in the same way as the first saw by
means of hand wheels. There is a carriage which slides along the top
of the machine on rails, and upon this carriage the stock to be operated
upon is placed to be worked. The proper and natural position of
the carriage is directly over the working part of the machine. The
rails which support the said carriage are placed upon a frame, whose
bottom rails rest upon a triangular frame beneath it, which is supported
in turn by the body of the machine. This lower frame is movable by
means of a regulating screw, and is used to elevate the frame upon
which the carriage rails rest. This is done by fencing the lower frame
backward under the upper one, the upper frame being lowered by a
reverse motion. The carriage is furnished with clamps to hold the stock
while being operated upon. One clamp is adjusted by a regulating
screw and holds the stock in its place while being worked. This clamp

page_text: 'slides back and forth sideways on the. carriage, and is guided in its
movements by a ratchet; the use of the said clamp is confined to stock
to be operated upon by the saws already described. The other clamp is
used for that portion of the machine not yet described.
The part of my Invention save the carriage thus far described is used
separately from the remainder of the machine, but both parts aid in the
performance of the same general class of work.
That part of the said Invention not yet described consists of a saw,
cutter head, and chisels, and the mechanism necessary to operate them.
The said saw is hung in a horizontal arbor propelled by a band and
adjustable longitudinally and otherwise in the same manner as the arbor
on which the third saw above mentioned runs. The cutter head is in a
perpendicular position, and is driven by a pulley beneath. It is attached
to the arbor operated by the last-named pulley by being screwed into the
upper end of it. The cutter head consists of a standard provided with a
head containing two open slots and two knives. The said knives are made
wider at the upper end for the purpose of giving the requisite slant to
the dovetail, and with a projection upon the, cutting edge at the upper
end which fits closely into the open slots. They are held to their places
firmly and ready for use by simply forcing a washer up against them by,
means of a nut. When put together the head is attached to the body of
the machine as above described. The cutter head (which with its arbor,
and pulley is movable) while revolving swiftly is forced against and cuts.
its way into the stock to be worked up by carrying the handle of a lever,
outward. The chisels are V shaped, and have an upward and outward
motion when in use. The chisel is fastened to the socket by a set screw..
In the machine the sockets are placed in a nearly vertical position on
either side of a wedge-shaped block, and held to their places by the sur-.
rounding parts. The said block is made of iron, and is placed in the
machine directly beneath the chisels and is movable lengthwise in its
bed. Upon each side of it is cut out a circular groove. Into this groove.
the pivoted tongue which is attached to the chisel socket is fitted. As.
the sockets are placed directly against the sides of the blook the slant of
the sides of this block will direct the angle of the chisels outward, and
the sides of the block should be set to the same angle with reference to a
perpendicular line as the angle desired in the dovetail, and it is from the
form of this block that the angle of the dovetail is taken and by which
the saws and cutter head of the machine are sot. A paring chisel is

page_text: attached by a nut to a standard erected upon and attached to the wedged-
shaped block. The two parts of the paring chisel should be such a
distance apart as to enter the dovetails made by the cutter head and the
upright chisels. The latter and the paring chisel are operated simul-
taneously by the lever above mentioned. As the handle of the lever is
carried outward the wedge-shaped block is moved inward upon its bed,
thus raising the V chisels by means of a curved groove and at the same
time carrying the paring chisel towards the stock. The several parts
now being described are so adjusted that before the paring chisel reaches
the stock to do its work a part will begin to descend in the curved groove,
thus drawing the chisels down so that they will not interfere with the
work of the paring chisel. As this paring chisel is withdrawn by
the lever being reversed the V chisels are again raised into the dovetail
formed, and then recede to their original and natural position. If
desirable the paring chisel may be made V shaped, and the upright
chisels flat instead of in the forms above described.. The lever is
provided with an open slot at the end opposite the handle, and this slot
operating upon a pin in the outer end of a rod which is attached to the
wedge-shaped block operates the V chisels, as above described. Directly
opposite the cutter head there is a slot in the lever with an opening on
the outside of the lever. The said lever is also provided with a slot at
the fulcrum extending lengthwise of the lever. When it is desired to
operate the cutter head instead of the chisels the workman draws the
Jever towards him, thus withdrawing it from the rod altogether, and
enclosing a pin attached to another rod in the open slot; this latter rod
being connected with the cutter head the workman will be enabled to
operate it with the lever in the manner above described. The rail upon
which the carriage slides is in the form of a male dovetail and enters a
corresponding groove in the bed of the carriage. The tendency of the
chisels to raise the stock when in operation is thus overcome. The said
rail is provided with a ratchet which gauges the distance apart of the
dovetails. A table top is provided with an adjustable gauge, which
consists simply of a thin straight firm piece of steel fitting closely into
grooves in the said table top. This table is to be used in connection
with the three first-mentioned saws, and when in use the carriage is
removed from the machine. There is a block of wood and follower to
be attached to one of the clamps for the purpose of making a male
dovetail. The said block is bolted to the stationary part of the clamp
and the follower to the moveable part. The block is thickest at the

page_text: centre, and is beveled towards each end to the angle of the dovetail to be
made. The follower is of such form and shape as to make the inner
surfaces of these blocks parallel planes. The sawing both for slitting
and squaring, tonguing, tenoning, moulding, and plain grooving of
which my machine is capable are performed by it in substantially the
same manner as the same class of work is done by other machines. For
making male dovetails the first saw is so set as to take out the spaces
between the pins or male dovetails, or if one saw is not thick enough for
this purpose two or more of like size may be fastened upon the same.
arbor, or a cutter of proper width may be used. The angle of the dove-
tail is made by so adjusting the second saw that as the stock passes over.
it on the carriage it will cut away the wood on the right side of the
pin to the same angle as that upon which the saw is set, and by so
adjusting the third saw as to cut a like angle on the left side of the pin
or male dovetail, and the size of this pin may be as desired within the
limits of the longitudinal adjustability of the several arbors. To make a
female dovetail the first saw is set to take out the body of the groove, or
if a wide groove is desired several saws are used upon the same arbor or
a cutter of the proper width, and the position of the second and third
saws is reversed from their position in making male dovetails: The
second saw is so set as to cut the angle of the dovetail on the left side of
the groove, and the third saw is so set as to cut the angle on the right
side. In practise where the dovetail is to be made on the end or side of
the stock as many different pieces may be operated upon at once as can
be contained between the jaws. of the stock clamp, and the uniformity, of
the dovetails is regulated by the ratchet before described. When the
stock is once properly fixed in the clamp it is passed and repassed over
the three saws as often as may be necessary until the ends or sides.
exposed to the action of the saws are finished.. Grooving is done by the
third saw alone or several saws or cutters with it on the same arbor.
For grooving, spacing, and groove dovetailing the table top. and gauge
may be used to advantage. After the first groove, space, or dovetail is
made the gauge or strip of steel may be so. adjusted in the table top as to
fit into it and thus gauge the next groove, space, or dovetail, and so on
until all are done. The third saw cutter head and V chisels and paring
chisel are designed more particularly for making "blind" dovetails.
After the stock has been fastened to the carriage by one of the clamps
the fourth saw serves to square it ready for the cutter head and chisels.
As the stock is moved along past the cutter head the said cutter head is

page_text: forced against it at regular intervals, the distance being regulated by the
ratchet (along the rail) by the lever. After the stock has been operated
upon by the cutter head it is moved along opposite and directly over the
V chisels, and the uncut inner corners of the dovetail are removed by:
them and the paring chisel enters the upper surface of the same, cutting
away any surplus stock that may be unremoved there. The V chisels are
at such a distance from each other and from the cutter head as to enter-
the dovetails in part made by it, and the two edges. of the paring chisel
enter the stock directly over the V chisels. An advantage of great
importance is obtained by having the shaped chisels cut upwards.
instead of downwards. The stock is placed on the carriage (work side
down) so that the depth of the dovetail will be perfectly uniform whatever.
the thickness of the lumber dovetailed, but were the chisels to cut.
downward the depth of their cut would depend upon, the thickness of thic
stock and often be uneven and irregular. The paring chisels are supplied
with two edges and the V shaped chisel is operated separately.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Robert Lake in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 10th January 1870..
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
ROBERT LAKE, of the "International Patent Office," No. 8, South-
ampton Buildings, London, Consulting Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Tenth day of July, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-
third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said William Robert Lake, Her special
licence that I, the said William Robert Lake, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William Robert
Lake, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR SAWING, GROOVING, MOULDING, DOVETAILING, AND

page_text: OTHERWISE WORKING WOOD," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said William Robert Lake, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals,, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention,, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent..
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Robert Lake, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement,; reference being had to, the accompanying
Drawing forming a part of this Specification:-
My Invention, as its name imports, is designed to accomplish a variety
of the work usually performed by manufacturers. of furniture and
carpenters and joiners, including dovetailing, both plane and blind,
grooving, tonguing, moulding,, tenoning, and sawing, both for slitting
and squaring, and to bring the power and machinery necessary to
perform the various operations above-named within the compass of one-
machine. To enable others who are skilled in the art by which the
manufacture of the said Invention appertains to, make and use the
same, I will proceed to describe its construction..
Figure 1 is a general perspective view of the said machine.
Figure 2 represents a cutter head which is, used in the said machine
and sectional parts thereof..
Figure 3 illustrates the mechanism by which vertical and paring.
chisels used in the said machine are operated..
Figure 4 is a table top and guage used in the said machine.
Figure 5 is a view of one of the vertical chisels and the socket which
holds the same.
Figure 6 shows one of the paring chisels full size; and Figure 7; shows
a block and follower used in the said machine for mitre dovetailing.
Like letters indicate the same parts in the several Figures.
The body of the machine is composed of a framework of iron or other
suitable material supported on four legs, as shown in Figure 1. The
power is applied to the said machine by means of a band running
over the pulley B, which is attached to a shaft extending across the end

page_text: of the machine, and upon which are suitable pulleys which carry bands
for operating the mechanism. a, b, and c are circular saws occupying
the positions with reference to each other represented in Figure 1.
The saw c is hung on a horizontal arbor, and is always intended to run
in a perpendicular position. This arbor is adjustable longitudinally by
means of a regulating screw working in the bed on which the arbor
revolves and which is operated by a hand wheel l. The saw 6 is attached
to an arbor which is adjusted with reference to the other parts of the
machine at an angle, that is to say, the outer end of this arbor is
depressed from a horizontal line as compared with the inner end, thus
forming an inclined plane, so that the saw à runs at an angle to the
perpendicular line, and this angle may be increased or diminished at
pleasure. The position of this arbor and the consequent angle at which
the saw will run is regulated and changed by the set screws m. All
the saw arbors in the machine are made adjustable by set screws similar
to these but not shewn in the Drawing. The arbor upon which the
saw a runs is also depressed at the outer end a little from a horizontal
line, so that the saw a also runs at an angle to a perpendicular line but
in an opposite direction to the angle of the saw b. The extent of this
angle may be regulated and changed in the same manner as that of
the saw b. Both of these saws a and b may be adjusted longitudinally
in the same way as the saw c by turning the hand wheels n. A
carriage J slides along the top of the machine on the rails K, K, and
upon this carriage the stock to be operated upon is placed. In Figure
1 the carriage is represented as being upon the back part of the machine.
The proper and natural position of the said carriage is directly over
the working part of the machine. The rails K, K, which support the
carriage J are placed upon a frame whose bottom rails rest upon a
triangular frame beneath it, which is supported in turn by the body
of the machine. This lower frame H is movable by means of the
regulating screw I, and is used to elevate the frame upon which the
rails K, K, rest. This is done by forcing the lower frame backward
under the upper one, the upper frame being lowered by a reverse motion.
The carriage J, J, is furnished with clamps to hold the stock while being
operated upon. The clamp G is adjusted by the regulating screw O,
and holds the stock P in its place while being worked. This clamp
slides back and forth laterally on the carriage, and is guided in its
movements by a ratchet, not shown in the Drawing. The use of the
said clamp is confined to stock to be operated upon by the saws already

page_text: described. The other clamp E is used for that portion of the machine
not yet described,
The part of my Invention (except the carriage J) thus far described
is used separately from the remainder of the machine, but both parts
aid in the performance of the same general class of work.
That part of my Invention not yet described consists of a saw d,.
cutter head e, and chisels f, f, and g, and the mechanism necessary
to operate them. The saw d is hung on a horizontal arbor propelled by
a band q and adjustable longitudinally and otherwise in the same
manner as the arbor on which the saw a runs. The cutter head e
is in a perpendicular position and is driven by a pulley beneath, not
shown in the Drawing. It is attached to the arbor operated by the
last-named pulley by being screwed into the upper end of it. In
Figure 2 the cutter head is shown in full size and in sections. It
consists of a standard in the form represented provided with a head
containing two open slots t and two knives, one of which is shewn by v.
The said knives are made in the form represented, being larger or wider
at the upper end for the purpose of giving the requisite slant to the
dovetail, and with a projection & upon the cutting edge at the upper end
which fits closely into the open slots t. They are held to their places
firmly and ready for use by simply forcing the washer u up against them
by means of the nut S. When put together the head is attached to
the body of the machine, as above described. The cutter head (which
with its arbor and pulley is movable) while revolving swiftly is forced.
against and cuts its way into the stock to be worked up by carrying
the handle of a lever C outward, the lever being pivoted at j. The
chisels are V shaped and have an upward and outward motion
when in use.
One of them and the socket L in which it is inserted is
shown in Figure 5. The chisel is fastened to the socket by a set
screw V. In the machine the sockets are placed in a nearly.vertical
position on either side of a wedge-shaped block M, Figure 3, and held to
their places by the surrounding parts. The block M is made of iron in
the form represented in Figure 3, and is placed in the machine directly
beneath the chisels f, f, and g, Figure 1, and is movable lengthwise in
its bed. Upon each side of it is cut a circular groove X', Figure 3.
Into this groove the pivoted tongue which is attached to the socket L,
Figure 5, is fitted. As the sockets L are placed directly against the
sides of the block the slant of the sides of this block will control and

page_text: direct the slant or angle of the chisels f, f. outward, and the sides of
the block should be set to the same angle with reference to a per-
pendicular line as the angle or slant desired in the dovetail, and it is
from the form of this block that the angle of the dovetail is taken and
by which the saws and cutter head of the machine are set. g, Figure 1,
is a paring chisel attached by a nut to a standard erected upon and
attached to the wedged-shaped block in Figure 3. This chisel is shown.
in an enlarged form in Figure 6. The two parts, of the paring chisel
should be such a distance apart as to enter the dovetails made by the
cutter head and the upright chisels ff. The chisels for f, and the
paring chisel g are operated simultaneously by the lever C. As the
handle of the lever is. carried outward the wedged-shaped block M,
Figure 3, is moved inward upon its bed, thus. raising the V chisels ff.
by means of the curved grooved X', Figure 3, and at the same time
carrying the paring chisel g on toward the stock. The several parts
now being described are so adjusted that before the paring chisel reaches
the stock to do its work the part X, Figure 5, will begin to descend
in the curved groove, thus drawing the chisels f, f, Figure 1, down
so that they will not interfere with the work of the paring chisel g..
As the paring chisel is withdrawn by the lever being, reversed, the V
chisels are again raised up into the dovetail formed and then recede
to their original and natural position. If desirable the paring, chisel
may be made V shaped and the upright chisels flat instead of in the
forms described, but for general purposes we regard the forms. given
above as preferable. The lever C is provided with an open slot at the
handle, and this slot operating upon a pin in the
outer end of the rod which is attached to the wedged-shaped block M,
Figure 3, operates the chisels f, f, and g, as above described. Directly.
opposite the cutter head e there is a slot k in the lever C with an
opening on the outside of the lever. The lever C is provided with a
slot at the fulcrum j, extending lengthwise of the lever.. When it
is desired to operate the cutter head instead of the chisels, the workman
draws the lever towards him, thus withdrawing it from the rod
altogether and enclosing a pin attached to the rod i in the open slot k
This rod i being connected with the cutter head, the workman will
be enabled to operate it with the lever in the manner above described.
The rail K upon which the carriage J, J, slides is in the form of a
male dovetail, and enters a corresponding groove in the bed of the
carriage; the tendency of the chisels f, f, to raise the stock when in
end opposite to the

page_text: operation is thus overcome. The rail K is provided with a ratchet
which gauges the distance between the dovetails.
Figure 4 represents a table top provided with an adjustable guage y,
which consists simply of a thin straight firm piece of steel, and fitting
closely into the grooves z in the table top. This table is to be used in
connection with the saws a, b, and c, and when in use the carriage J, J,
is removed from the machine.
Figure 7 represents a block of wood R and follower T to be attached to
the clamp G for the purpose of making a male dovetail. The block R is
bolted to the stationary part of the clamp, and the follower T to the
movable part. The part R is thickest at the centre, and is beveled
towards each end to the angle of the dovetail to be made. The follower
is of such form and shape as to make the inner surfaces of these blocks
parallel planes.
The sawing for either slitting and squaring, tonguing, tenoning,
moulding, and plain grooving is performed by my machine in sub-
stantially the same manner as the same class of work is done by other
machines.
For making male dovetails the saw c is so set as to take out the
spaces between the pins or male dovetails; or if one saw is not thick
enough for this purpose two or more of like size may be fastened upon
the same arbor, or a cutter of proper width may be used. The slant or
angle of the dovetail is made by so adjusting the saw 6 by the use of the
adjusting screw turned by the handle n, running as it does upon an
angle from the perpendicular, that as the stock passes over it on the
carriage J, J, it will cut away the wood on the right side of the pin to
the same angle as that to which the saw is set, and by adjusting the
saw a by means of the hand wheel n to cut a like angle on the left side
of the pin or male dovetail, and this pin may be of any desired size
within the limits of the longitudinal adjustability of the several arbors.
To make a female dovetail the saw c is set to take out the body of the
groove, or if a wide groove is desired several saws are used upon the
same arbor, or a cutter of the proper width. The position of the saws a
and 6 is reversed from their position in making male dovetails. The saw b
is so set as to cut the angle of the dovetail on the left side of the groove,
and the saw a is so set as to cut the angle on the right side. In practise
where the dovetail is to be made on the end or side of the stock as many
different pieces may be operated upon at once as can be contained

page_text: between the jaws of the clamp G. The uniformity of the dovetails is.
regulated by the ratchet in the bed of the carriage herein-before
described. When the stock is once properly fixed in the clamp it is.
passed and repassed over the saws a, b, and c as often as may be
necessary until the ends or sides exposed to the action of the saws are
finished. Grooving is done by the saw a alone or by several saws or
cutters with it on the same arbor, according to the width of the groove,,
the saws b and c being removed. For grooving, spacing, and groove
dovetailing the table top and guage shown in Figure 4 may be used to
advantage. After the first groove, space, or dovetail is made the strip of
steel y may be so adjusted in the table top so as to fit into it, and thus:
guage the next groove, space, or dovetail, and so on until all are done.
In this manner absolute uniformity in the grooves and other work may
be secured. The saw a, cutter head e, and chisels f, f, and g are
designed more particularly for making "blind" dovetails. After the
stock has been fastened to the carriage J by the clamp. E, the saw d
As the stock is
serves to square it ready for the cutter head and chisels.
moved along past the cutter head e the cutter head is forced against it
at regular intervals, the distance being regulated by the ratchet along
the rail K by the lever C. The cutter head should revolve at the rate of
about six thousand times per minute, and will readily cut its way into.
the stock when pressed against it by the lever C. The shape of the
knives and their position in the cutter head is such as to give the precise
angle required to the dovetail. After the stock has been operated upon.
by the cutter head it is moved along opposite and directly over the
V chisels f, and the uncut inner corners of the dovetail are removed by
them, and the paring chisel g enters the upper surface of the same,
cutting away any surplus stock that may be unremoved there. The
chisels ff, are at such a distance from each other and from the cutter
head as to enter the dovetails in part made by it, and the two edges of
the paring chisel (g) enter the stock directly over the chisels f,f. An
important advantage is obtained by having the V shaped chisels ff, cut
upwards instead of downwards. The stock is placed on the carriage
(work side down), so that the depth of the dovetail will be perfectly
uniform whatever the thickness of the wood; were the chisels to cut
downwards the depth of their cut would depend upon the thickness of
the stock, and often be uneven and irregular. In forming the blind
dovetails with the cutter head and chisels the work of the cutter head in
the stock is first finished, and then the carriage having been brought

page_text: back to its starting position the work of the chisels is commenced and
finished, and the cutter head and chisels are never operated simul-
taneously. This course is rendered necessary by the fact that in making
drawer fronts and many other kinds of work a projection of wood at the
edges is required thicker than the male dovetails or pins, and to avoid
cutting into and splitting off these broad projections, as would be done if
all the parts operated together, it is necessary to have the cutter head
and chisels operate at different times, and as each of the chisels f, f, and
each edge of the paring chisel g only cuts on one side of the dovetail,
and as the chisels are so arranged that there is one dovetail always
between the dovetails being operated upon, the stock may be so adjusted
with reference to the action of the chisels that they will never be brought
to bear upon the broad projection of wood. This result can only be
effected by having the paring chisel provided with two edges, sub-
stantially as represented, and having the V shaped chisel operated
separately, as shown.
Having thus fully described my said Invention, as communicated to
me by my foreign correspondent, and shewn how the same may be
conveniently and advantageously carried into practice, I claim,-
First. The arrangement and operation of the saws a and b at an angle,
substantially as and for the purpose described.
Second. The manner of adjusting longitudinally the arbors carrying
the saws a, b, and c, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
Third. The oblique running saws a and b in combination with the
perpendicular saw c, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
Fourth. The cutter head e composed of the standard, the head O (pro-
vided with open slots t), knife (supplied with the projections 8),
washer u, and nut S, all constructed, arranged, and operating in the
manner and for the purposes set forth.
Fifth. The wedge-shaped block M, Figure 3, provided with the curved
groove X', when constructed and operating substantially as and for the
purpose described.
Sixth. The paring chisel g having two edges adjusted to enter the
dovetails cut by cutter head e at right angles with the chisels f, f,
operating substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
Seventh. The chisels f constructed and operating as herein set forth.

page_text: Eighth. The socket L provided with the pivoted tongue X constructed
and operating substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
Ninth. The levers C provided with the open slots and the longi-
tudinal slot when arranged and operating as described.
Penth. The cutter head e when used in combination with the chisels g
and ff, as described.
Eleventh. The block R and follower T, Figure 7, when constructed
and used substantially in the manner described.
Twelfth. The guage y, Figure 4, when made and used substantially
as and for the purposes herein set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Robert Lake, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Tenth day of January, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE. (L.S.)
Witness,
H. J. GEDGE,
Clerk to Messrs. Haseltine, Lake, & Co.,
8, Southampton Buildings,
London.