An Improved Electric Regulator.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 13th July, 1888
Complete Specification Left, 10th Apr., 1889-Accepted, 13th Aug., 1889
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Electric Regulator.
1, FRÉDÉRIC VICTOR MAQUAIRE, of 3, Avenue du Maine, Paris, France, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
.
This Invention relates to an improved electric regulator whereby to maintain
absolutely constant any given current particularly in an electric arc.
The object to be accomplished is to give to the lamp carbons a movement towards,
or away from, one another exactly corresponding to the variations of the current and
this () whatever may be the position of the apparatus and whether it be at rest, or in
motion () with sufficient rapidity (e) whilst ensuring perfect stability of the carbon.
holder.
These results are obtained in this improved regulator by means of the special
contrivances hereafter described comprising:
1. Carbon carriers actuated exclusively by a continuous-current electro-motor
|capable of running in either direction.
2. An electro-metric balance actuated exclusively either by the principal current
or by a current derived from the are and controlling the setting in motion as well
as the duration and direction of the motion of the electro-motor.
arc
is,
8. A safety coil whose function, in case of the accidental extinction of the
in the case of an installation in series, to short circuit the lamp during the time
necessary for relighting it, or, in the case of installations in parallel, to maintain
between the terminals of the lamp a fall of potential but slightly different from the
normal fall, with the twofold object of protecting the lamp and of disturbing as little
as possible, either when lighting or relighting, its proper action as well as the general
working of the whole installation.
The electro motor which imparts motion to the carbons is illustrated in figures 1, 2,
and 2 of the accompanying drawings which represent an example of a continuous.
current focussing lamp. A A' are the carbons, and BB' carbon-carrier rack rods
gearing with opposite sides of pinions CC mounted on a common axis D D' so as to be
thereby always moved in opposite directions. Upon the shafi D D is mounted a.
toothed wheel E with which gears a tangent screw F on the axis of an electro-motor.
constituted by a Pacinotti ring & placed between the poles of an electro-magnet, HII'.
The pole pieces are of special form, as shewn in figure 2. The faces adjacent to the
ring are struck from a radius greater than that of the ring whereby the working is
improved by increasing the sensitiveness to motion of the ring. The wheel E is
mounted spring friction tight on the boss of a ratchet wheel fast on the shaft D D
and whose teeth engage with a pawl and are so directed that the wheel does not act
on the pawl when moving in the direction for feeding the carbons together but which
when the electro-motor runs in the opposite direction for separating the carbons,
carries the pawl with it in its rotation until the heel of the pawl is arrested by the
plate P. This limited motion of the pawl has for itsobject to limit at will the maximum
separation of the carbons. When it is desired to vary the distance by hand,
it is only necessary to throw the pawl out of engagement with the ratchet wheel by
turning the button and to pull or push the parts to be moved, the wheel E remaining
stationary whilst the shaft D D' turns.
Figure represents the electro-metric balance constituted by the two coils I l'of
an electro-magnet having a closed magnetic circuit of which the magnetic resistanco
is variable at will. The armature of the electro-magnet is fixed firmly to the core
of 1 by a very short spring which is of invariable force and antagonistic to the
attraction of the electro-magnet. K is an adjustable part of the magnetic circuit being

page_text: the core of the coil 1. It may be set accurately to any desired distance from the
armature by means of a differential screw L. The armature J carries an electrically
insulated arm M whereby electrical contact is made with, one or other of two arms N
or 0 and through the medium of an insulating block 0, contact is established
between P and Q. The armature carries a counterweight m whereby the armature
is accurately balanced so as to make its centre of gravity coincide with its centre of
motion, and so guarded against all perturbations due to the effects of gravity and
inertia.
The safety contrivance above referred to, may be either separate or combined with
the electro-metric balance above described. Separately it is an ordinary electro-
magnet.combined with the electro-metric balance it is constituted by the coil 1ª which
comes into action only when the are is not yet struck or has become extinguished.
Its electrical operation is represented in the diagram figure 4 in which H. and El
are the two field magnet coils of the electro-motor, G the ring, I the coil of the
regulating balance in a shunt from the are. I is the safety coil in a shunt with I and
which replaces the are when the latter is extinguished. A A' are the carbons.
The current entering at h follows the course indicated by the full lines, which
constitutes one half the winding of the feed magnet coils until it arrives at whence
it follows the course indicated by dotted lines (constituting the second half of the
winding of the field magnets) until it arrives at whence it passes to the
carbons AA.
The magnetic system ['forms a circuit closed by the armature J jointed on a
spring which is also invariably antagonistic to the attraction of 1 under the
influence of 1 and constitutes the balance. When no current is passing through the
lamp, the insulated pallet M is held by the spring in contact with N. The current
sent into the lamp follows at first the principal circuit h 9 , A', 1, A. I receiving
the whole of the current powerfully attracts J whereupon the palet Muakes contact
with the spring arm and through the insulating stud 0 brings Pinto contact
with Q. thus establishing the grouping by bringing I into a shunt from I in order to
protect the fine wire of I and diminish the resistance of the whole circuit until the
carbons come into contact. This soon takes place, as the shunt circuit g, n,m, M, 0,7',
has energised the ring G and set the electro motor running in the direction for
approximating the carbons. As soon as the latter iouch, the system II becomes
inactive, quits and abuts against N, a new shunt circuit h, N, M, m, n, g, is
established, and the ring is energised by a current circulating in the opposite direction
to the first mentioned shunt and causes the separation of the carbons until the are
having become normal the pallet remains between N and without touching either
by virtue of the equilibrium between the attraction of 1, function of the resistance of
the are and the antagonistic force of the spring, the regulation or value of the
attraction of the balance I being determined by the differential screw L which adjusts
the distance between the pole I and the armature J.
Figure is a diagram showing the electrical working in the case when the balance
is placed in the principal circuit instead of in a shunt. In this figure, which requires
no special description. the same letters indicate the same parts as in the other figures.
Figure 6 shews a lamp in which one of the carbons A is fixed. The movable
carbon A is carried by a rack rod B geared with pinion on the same axis with
wheel E which gears with the tangent screw on the electro-motor shaft but only when
a current of sufficient intensity traverses the circuit to feed the are of the lamp.
When the intensity is insufficient or there is no current, the tangent screw is thrown
* out of gear and the weight of B, turns the wheel E thus set free and brings the carbouz
into contact.
Figure 7 shews how the tangent screw is thrown out of gear. The cross bar at
the base of the field magnet of the electro-motor is severed and the gap is filled by
a V-piece X of magnetic metal which is attached to an arm / pivoted at . In
this V-piece is stopped the spindle of the electro-motor and a spring y pressing against
its points tends to force it out and disconnect the worm from the worm wheel when

page_text: the current falls or ceases. Bui, immediately the normal current is established
the V-piece is strongly attracted and bring the worm F into gear with the worm
wheel E. The balance then fulfils its functions as above described, the motor runs
in the direction for separating the carbons until the normal are is established and the
lamp works regularly.
1000
An Improved Electric Regulator.
I, FREDERIC VICTOR MAQUAIRE, of 8, Avenue du Maine, Paris, France, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
This invention relates to electric regulators and is designed to improve the con-
struction of the same.
An important feature of the said invention consists in providing for maintaining an
absolutely constant strength, of current in electric apparatus and more especially in
electric are lamps.
The said invention comprises moreover various other improvements hereinafter set
forth.
In applying the said invention to an are lamp suitable means are provided for
imparting to the carbons a receding or advancing movement exactly corresponding to
the variations in the strength of the current thus maintaining a constant length of are.
This action takes place, whatever may be the position and the state of rest or motion
of the apparatus, is effected with the proper degree of rapidity, and nevertheless
ensures the complete stability of the carbon holders.
These results are obtained by means of the special arrangement of the improved
electric regulator hereinafter described.
The accompanying drawings show how the said invention may be conveniently
and advantageously carried into practice the figures of the said drawings being
hereinafter referred to.
The said arrangements comprise
() An electrometric balance actuated either by the main current or by a current
shunted from the are or by both together and controlling the starting duration
and direction of the movement of an electro-motor.
() A continuous current electro-motor the armature of which under the control
of the balance is caused to rotate either in one direction or the other, the
movements being transmitted to the carbon holders or holder in any suitable
manner.
(e) Movable carbon holders which are under the exclusive action of the electro-
motor during the operation of the lamp and move independently from the
moter when the current does not flow.
(d) A contart device which in case of accidental extinction of the are has for its
object (1) in lighting apparatus working in series the short circuiting of the
lamp during the time necessary for relighting it: thereby preventing the other
lamps being extinguished (2) in lighting apparatus working in parallel
maintain between the terminals of the lamp a potential energy which differs
little from the normal energy, for the double purpose of protecting the parts of
the lamp and preventing its proper operation being disturbed and also the
main system of the lighting.
In order that the invention may be better understood several arrangements of
electric lamps constructed according to the said invention, are hereinafter described
by way of example. One of these arrangements in which the luminous point or are

page_text: moves, is represented in Figure I; and two arrangements in which the luminous
point or arc is stationary are represented in Figures II and III.
Figures IIII IV V VI VII and VIII represent the principal arrangements of the
improved electrometric balance which is constructed as follows: An electric current
excited either from a shunt of the arc alone, Figures I, III, IV
or by
the main current alone or by the main current and a shunt of the are Figures V, VI,
VII, VIII. The magnetic circuit shown in Figure VI comprises one or more of the
cores of the coils I and I' of the armature which is fixed by means of a very short
magnetic conducting strip J, and a movable piece K which is adapted to be regulated
by an adjusting screw L hereinafter described.
(Figures and VIII) is a weight intended to counterbalance or equilibrate the
armature, that is to say to cause its centre of gravity to coincide with its centre of
motion and thus annul the effects of the weight of the armature J. The adjusting
screw serves to regulate the resistance of the magnetic circuit of the balance by
altering the position of the movable piece K relatively to the armature . The
adjusting screw L is provided with two screw-threaded parts or portions of slightly
different pitches. One of the said screw threaded portions engages in a corresponding
screw threaded hele in the movable piece K, and the other screw-threaded portion in
a corresponding screw threaded hole in the stationary part. For every turn of the
said screw L the movable piece K is only displaced a distance equal to the difference
between the pitches of the two screw threads.
The armature of the balance is provided with an electrically insulated lever M.
When the contact device above mentioned is employed in the lamp the lever M
performs the function of closing the circuit in the armature of the motor through
Nor 0, and in some cases. of short circuiting the lamp by pressing P and Q
together by means of the insulating piece O', as hereinafter inore fully described
and shown in Figures VI, VII and VIII.
In some cases I provide for preventing sparking at the contacts by connecting
the lever with the contact-points N, 0 by means of suitable resistances so that
there will be no breakage of the armature circuit at the contacts, the said lever M
short circuiting one or the other of the resistances and thus causing the flow of
current in one direction or the other.
The electromoter comprises a Pacinotti ring G, Figures I, II, III, IV, V, VII,
VIII, mounted between the poles of an inducing electromagnet HH, which
poles are made of a peculiar shape as more clearly shown in Figure V. This
shape is such that the polar surfaces opposite the ring are curved to a circle the
radius of which is greater than that of the ring. This has the effect of augmenting
the sensitiveness of the movement. The spindle of the ring G is provided with a
worm F. Figure Va, and its lower extremity is pivoted in a movable piece X
which forms part of the yoke of the field magnets Figure IX. The said yoke is
provided with a gap which forms an interruption, Figure IX and continuity of
the magnetic circuit is obtained by means of the piece X which is also magnetic,
and is preferably formed in the shape of a wedge, and provided with an exten-
sion 7 pivoted at to an axis parallel to the axis of the motor.
Y is a spring
which constantly tends to brake the continuity of the yoke by pushing away the
piece X. This effect is produced when the current passing round the field
maguets ceases to flow, or is weakened or reduced in strength beyond a certain
definite point. Two brushes and serve to conduct the current to the ring G.
as hereinafter described and as represented in figures II, JV, V, VI, VIII.
The improved carbon holders are intended more especially for use in two
principal classes of lamps siz.: those in which the position of the luminous point
or arr is movable as in Figures I and IV, and those in which the luminous
point or are is stationary as in Figures II and III.
In Figure is illustrated a type of lamp in which the said luminous point or are is
movable. The lower carbon A is fixed in a clamp at the lower end of a frame formed
of two pipes or tubes t, and a stay-piece e, a rigidly mounted upon the lamp
casing. The two pipes or tubes f, & serve moreover to guide the upper carbon in its

page_text: movement and to receive iwo conduciors one of which conducts the current to the
lower carbon and the other conducts it in its return passage when the lamp is short
circuited or an equivalent resistance is substituted.
The upper carbon A' is also held in a clamp provided at the extremity of a suit-
able hollow rack, which gears with a pinion C (Figure Va) and which is mounted
upon the same axis as a worm wheel E which is arranged to gear with the worm F
on the shaft of the electromotor. The said worm F moreover is only thrown in gear
with the said worm wheel E when a sufficiently strong current passes through the
lamp. When therefore no current is passing through the lamp the said worm
wheel E is out of gear with the said worm F. When this is the case, the weight
of the upper carbon and carbon-holder operating through the medium of the pinion C
causes the two carbons to come in contact.
In order to facilitate and ensure the throwing in and out of gear of the worm
and worm-wheel without causing any injury to either of them the latter is arranged
so as to be free to make a small angular movement relatively to the pinion, before
carrying it with it by means of the pin Figure I. A spring acts so as to hold
the pin in the centre of a notch formed in the disc carrying the pinion. Thus
the worm F when it is thrown into gear, has only to overcome the slight resistance
of this spring, at the commencement of the motion of the ring, in order to effect
its complete engagement so as to carry away or move the pinion and carbon
holder.
Figure II shows a type of lamp in which the luminous point or are is stationary.
A A are the carbons; B, B two rods or tubes which form the carbon carriers or
supports and are provided with teeth adapted to gear with the pinions CC¹
mounted upon the opposite extremities D D' of a common shaft. The carriers B
and B being arranged on the opposite sides of the said shaft DD'. a movement in
opposite directions is imparted to them. Upon the said shaft DD' are mounted a
worm wheel E, and a ratchet wheel was more clearly shown in Figures V and Va
The worm wheel E gears with considerable friction with the worm F of the electro-
motor. The ratchet wheel is provided with a pawl V adapted to engage with the
teeth of the said ratchet wheel, which are inclined in such a manner that the said
pawl V is not moved away when the ratchet wheel turns in the direction to cause
the approach of the carbons, whereas when the electromotor turns in the direction to
cause the separation of the carbous the ratchet wheel a moves down the pawl V in
its movement and so causes its lower extremity to encounter the dise and stop all
movement. This arrangement is designed to enable the length of are for lighting to
be limited.
If it is desired to adjust the carbon-holders by hand all that is necessary is to
remove the pawl V from the wheel by turning and slightly pulling out the knob r.
This type of lamp requires a contact device to enable it to be lighted by causing first
the approach of the carbons.
I sometimes prefer to keep the worm and tangent wheel constantly in gear, and
use the movement of the V-shaped yoke X to actuate a suitable clutch in such a
manner that when the lamp is burning the cogwheel driving the rack becomes fixed
to the tangent wheel, and when the lamp is out the rack and cog are free to
move.
In Figure III is shown another type of lamp of very short length in which the
luminous point or are is fixed. In this Figure similar letters of reference indicate
parts corresponding to those of the apparatus herein before described. In this arrange-
ment the mode of moving the carbon holders is as follows. The said holders are
fixed at p to an endless chain p in such a manner that they will approach or recede
from each other simultaneously. If the diameters of the carbons are of the proper
proportions the luminous point or are will remain immovable. The chain p passes
over four pulleys and engages with the toothed wheel e mounted upon the axis of
the worm wheel E in the place of the pinion C herein before described.
The upper carbon holder is heavier than the lower carbon holder, thereby ensuring
the simultaneous approach of the carbons,

page_text: In Figure IV II and II represent the two electromagnets of the motor, the
exciting circuit of which is wound in a special manner. The winding is formed
by two wires for each coil. The connection of these wires is however such that the
current passes through the coils in series as hereinafter explained. This mode of
winding is intended to cause the shunt on the winding of the field magnets which
supplies the armature of the motor and which is distributed by the balance to weaken
both poles equally.
G is the armature of the electromotor; m and are the brushes. I is the
balance, and M its insulated lever, N and 0 the two contact pieces, the former
affecting the separation, and the latter the approach of the carbons. These contact
pieces can be adjusted at will by means of the two screws shown.
Suppose the current enters the lamp at B it passes to the carbou A' through
the rod f f and tube al a. From the carbon A it will pass through the
conductor dd to the electromagnets H and H', and then leave through C.
A permanent shunt from the carbons will pass to I through the conductors 20 dỡ
and bf'.
As regards the electromotor, the current entering at will traverse the first wire
of H shown in dotted lines in Figure IV then the first wire of H also shown in
dotted lines and passes to g to take the second wire of H shown in full lines, then
the second wire of H also shown in full lines, and finally leave through
C.
The shunt currents supplying the armature of the motor under the action of the
balance I are as follows. At the moment when a current is sent through the lamp,
the carbons being in contact, the lever M. touches the contact N under the action of
the spring. The armature circuit gGm M. Ne is established, and the ring turns
in such a direction that the carbons will be separated until, the desired are having
been obtained, the lever M leaves the contact N and remains free between N and 0.
But owing to the consumption of the carbons and the increase in the resistance of
The
the are the strength of current in I will increase and set M and 0 in contact.
armature circuit d0 Mm Gng is thereby again established but in an opposite
direction and the ring then turns in such a direction that the carbons will approach
each other until the are has again become normal. The same operations are repeated
until the consumption of the carbons causes the carbon holder A" to come in contact
with the rod T. The current will then only pass through the circuit B faa A" Tec C.
All the regulating parts are thereby cut out of circuit and the lamp is short circuited
and extinguished. This is the case with a lamp arranged in series, the other lamps
continuing to operate. I sometimes prefer to use the automatic out out hereinafter
described and represented in figures VII and VIII.
When the lamp is to operate in parallel it is sufficient to interrupt the connection
of the conductor ce, for example at c. When in this case the carbon holder A
comes in contact with the piece T which is then completely insulated, the carbon A¹
The lamp is
cannot approach the carbon A despite the action of the motor.
extinguished causing the extinction of the second if two are in series upon this
parallel circuit,
In lamps provided with a contact device the operation is the same as regards the
electromotor. As regards the balance combined with the said contact device
Figures V. VI VII and VIII the current first passes through the main circuit
hgh AIA Figure VII. The coil I receiving the whole current will strongly
attract the piece. The lever M will touch the flexible contact piece and through
the medium of the insulator O will eause the contact between P and Q, effecting the
and
grouping in shunt of I with 1 for the purpose of protecting the thin wire of
diminishing the resistance of the general circuit until the moment when the carbons
come in contact. When the automatic cut out is in action I sometimes prefer to
short circuit the whole of the working parts of the lamp including the field magnet
coils. This contact will be effected immediately because the shunt circuit gnm MOh¹
has excited the armature G and has operated the motor in a direction to cause the
approach of the carbons. As soon as the latter touch each other the system II'
becomes inactive, M leaves O in order to bear upon N,a new derived circuit hN Mmng

page_text: is established and excites the ring so as to cause the separation of the carbons and the
whole operates as already described.
Figure VIII shows a diagram of the improved arrangement employed in cases.
where the balance is arranged in the main circuit. In this figure which does not
require any special description similar letters of reference indicate the same parts as
in the preceding figures.
From the arrangements which characterize the improved electric regulator, that is
to say, carbon holders operated directly by the action of the electro-motor the latter
effecting the separation and approach under the control of the balance which is
extremely sensitive and can be readily regulated, it follows that an absolute and per-
manent regulation can be obtained. Within very wide limits the action will be
satisfactory for very different intensities of current with the same lamp.
It is obvious that the armature of the electro-motor herein before described is only
applicable to the regulation of are lamps supplied with a direct current, and that in
order to make a regulating lamp suitable for working with an alternating current
circuit a suitable motor must be substituted the lamp in all other parts remaining
the same. It would however be advisable to laminate all the iron parts included in
the magnetic circuit in order to prevent undue heating of the iron." It is further to
be observed that in the case of an arc lamp adapted for direct currents I may employ
any other suitable form of motor or of armature other than the armature or motor
herein before described.
The balance can be under the command of a current derived from the are or of the
main current running through the lamp or of a combination of both.
Moreover, all the arrangements above described can be used for the regulation of
any movement or state of equilibrium or for the production of any effects which must,
or which can be produced, regulated and maintained by the action or function of any
electric value.
The improved balance device for reversing or actuating dynamo-electric motors in
one or the other direction is moreover capable of numerous other applications. The
same remark also applies to the electro-motor, the motion of which can be reversed
under the special conditions herein before mentioned, by means of any other suitable
device instead of the regulator herein before described.
For example in a case in which the velocity of a motor or machine used for driving
a dynamo-electric generator is to be kept constant, the reversing of the motion of the
electromotor can be effected in the following way.
The motor or machine the velocity of which it is desired to maintain constant can
be arranged to actuate a dynamo-electric generator, the variations in the velocity of
the armature of which, will cause variations in the current produced. These varia-
tions in the current will act upon the electromotor by means of the balance
herein before described and will consequently re-establish the normal speed of the
machine.
In a case where it is desired to vary the steam pressure the electro-regulator is
arranged to actuate a device for causing expansion of the said steam.
In the case
of gas engines or hydraulic motors used for driving dynamo electric machines
certain modifications of the details will be required but the general arrangement,
remains the same. For hydraulic motors the electromotor is arranged to act either
by regulating, by means of a suitable valve, the admission of water, or by altering
the number of vanes in action, or by providing a derivation for the feed water by
causing the electro-regulator to act upon the known parts through the medium of an
endless screw or worm, toothed wheels, belts or by any other suitable means.
Figure XII is a diagram illustrating an arrangement of the electric regulating
mechanism for engines driving dynamos. A is a small dynamo-electric generator
actuated directly by the machine the motion of which it is desired to regulate. Bis
the electric balance device through the coil of which passes the main current, or a
shunt of the current from the regulating dynamo A.
C is the electro-motor of my regulator acting as above described upon the
correcting or controlling parts of the engine or motor.

page_text: It will be remarked that the arrangement of the circuit in Figure XII is not the
same as that previously described for obtaining the reverse movements in the motor.
The double winding on the field magnets is the same but the inversion of the current
is made in the exciting circuit of the field magnets and kept always in the same
direction in the armature. The current putting the motor in action in this case may
be derived from any electrical generator and is shown at F Figure XII. It will
be seen by referring to Figure X that the current kept in the same direction in the
armature is reversed in the field magnets when the contact touches a' or all,
Another arrangement for obtaining the same result is shown in Figure XI.
In Figures X and XI, II and H are the field magnets of the electro motor,
G the armature of the mutor, F a source of current, I the balance," the
The
contacts commanding the change in direction of movement of the motor.
special winding and coupling of the field magnets H H has been previously described
with reference to Figure VII. It will be readily seen that the three essential features
of the regulating apparatus, that is to say, the said regulating or controlling dynamo,
the actuating balance device and the electrogovernor, can be placed in three different
positions the only condition necessary being that they shall be electrically connected.
A current indicator D Figure XII is moreover provided in some instances which will
permanently register the velocity of the regulating or controlling dynamo A, the
values of the current being proportional to the velocity of the said regulating or
controlling dynamo. E is a convenient handle attached to the piece M. The handle E
permits of rapidly effecting by hand an alteration in the velocity by bringing the
piece into contact with either of the contact pieces N or 0). In cases where it is
desired to obtain a permanent instead of a momentary change in the velocity it will be
sufficient to regulate the action of the balance device by means of its adjusting
screw L, as already described with reference to the electric lamp.
It is obvious that the electro magnetic balance and its contacts hereinbefore
described controlling the movements of the motor can be placed at any convenient
distance from the motor being merely connected to it by suitable conductors.
Moreover the balance device herein before described for actuating a dynamo-electric
motor in one or the other direction is also applicable to the automatic regulation of
dynamo-electric machines.
Figure XIII is a diagram showing the automatic regulation of a dynamo operating
with a constant strength of current by varying the resistance in the auxiliary
exciting circuit.
A is the dynamo; u, b, a, d, e, f, g, r, h, i the auxiliary exciting circuit which is in
shunt on the outer circuits ABCDEF the circuit which comprises the lamps in
series L, the balance device G and the clectromotor H. The axis of the electromotor
imparts, through its endless screw or worm and the worm-wheel I, a rotary move-
ment to the spindle J J. The spindle is provided with a helical blade K
arranged in such a manner that it will successively bear against at least one of
the flexible contact pieces of the rheostat r, ». According to the number of
lamps lighted in series, the strength of the current will vary, and cause the
oscillation of the lever of the balance which effects a movement of the electro-
motor, and consequently of the helical blade in one or the other direction. The rofa-
tion of the said helical blade brings it into contact with such a point of the rheostat
that the combined excitement of the direct circuit and of the shunt circuit will re-
establish the normal strength of the current in the lamps even with different
velocities of the dynamo.
The device shewn in Figure XIII can also be used to keep constant the current
in the external circuit of a series wound dynamo, by arranging the variable resistance
coils, as a shunt ou the field coils of the dynamo, the regulating balance G is
placed in series with the external circuit, and is so arranged that when the current in
the external circuit tends to increase some of the resistance is cut out and consequently
a larger portion of the exciting current is shunted through the resistance and the
field of the dynamo is consequently weakened, until the current in the external is
reduced to the normal, if the current in the external tends to decrease, the current

page_text: is brought to the normal by inserting resistance and consequently strengthening
the field. It is obvious that in this disposition of my electric regulator I should
require some suitable means for automatically shifting the brushes of the dynamo to
the best position, to prevent sparking and loss of efficiency.
Instead of operating by altering the resistance in the exciting circuit, the balance
device and its electromotor may be arranged to act by changing the position of the
brushes, by varying the number of working coils upon the armature or by varying
the magnetic flow of the dynamo, by modification of the magnetic field.
For dynamos in which the potential is to be kept constant, the same means can be
applied to the arrangements of circuit which are peculiar to these machines, the coil
of the magnetic balance being placed as a shunt upon the circuit.
The electric regulator may also be used to keep constant the E.M.F. of a dynamo-
electric machine, by regulating the supply of steam, water, gas or air, to the engine
by which the dynamo is driven, by causing the motor to move suitable valves, ports
or vanes in such a manner as to cause the engine to run faster or slower accordingly
as the E.M.F. of the dynamo falls or rises. In this case the regulating coil will be
coupled as a shunton the terminals or brushes of the machine. The field magnets of the
motor may be excited either by the dynamo to be governed, or from some extraneous
source. The action of the regulator will be similar to that herein before described
when used in the regulation of arc lamps the motion being communicated to the
valves, ports or vanes in any suitable manner.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is :-
-
First. Arc lamps in which the approach or the receding of the carbons is effected by
a motor the movements of which are controlled by any suitable separate device which
is brought into play on any variation of the resistance of the are so as to maintain a
constant current a constant electromotive force'
and
or
Second. The electromagnetic balance substantially as described and represented in
Figures I, III, IV, XII, and XIII.
Third. The means employed for obtaining the reverse of the movement of the
armature or other revolving part of the motor substantially as described and shown in
Figures IV, VII, X, and XI.
Fourth. In my special regulating device, the shunting of a portion of the current
passing through the field magnet coils of the motor into the armature of the same
either in one direction or in the other, with a view to having a low potential between
the brushes.
Fifth. In combination with my regulator the device described by which, instead
of sending an intermittent current in the armature, the lever of the balance, by short
circuiting suitable resistances between the lever and the contact points, gives pre-
dominence in one direction or the other to the current in the armature, thereby
causing the latter to revolve in one or the other direction substantially as and for the
purpose described.
Sixth. The automatic arrangements for bringing the carbons in contact when no
current passes through the lamp substantially as described, one of which is represented
in Figures I and IX.
Seventh. The combination of my special method of regulation, with the arrangements
for maintaining a stationary are substantially as described and shown in Figures II
and III.
Eighth. The special device shown in Figure V for limiting the striking of the
are substantially as described.
Ninth. In combination with my are lamp the special automatic cut-out substantially
as described and shown in Figures VI and VII.
Tenth. The regulating device consisting of an electro-magnet or solenoid acting on
a lever moving between the two contacts N and O and a motor the armature of which

page_text: is caused to revolve in either direction by a current shunted on part of the coils of the
field magnets of the motor by means of the contacts above mentioned substantially as
described and shown in the accompanying drawings.
Eleventh. The application of my above described device to the regulation of steam
or other engines driving an auxiliary dynamo which furnishes the current to the
controlling coil of the magnetic balance, and thus governs the engine by means of the
revolving part of the motor of my special regulating device acting upon a throttle
valve or other regulating part of the engine either directly or by means of a suitable
relay.
Twelfth. The application of my above described electrical device to the regulation
of the current or potential of a dynamo. by causing a motor (1) to alter the position
of the brushes in a suitable manner, (2) or, by means of inserting or cutting out
resistances in shunt on the field coils or in series with a shunt wound on the field as
in Figure XIII, whereby the value of the magnetic field of the dynamo is changed
(B) or changes the speed of the engine driving the dynamo, either by acting directly
upon the throttle valve or other regulating part or through the medium of a suitable
relay.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, Agents for the Applicant.