IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MAnufacture of STEEL AND OTHER METALLIC INSTRUMENTS, SUCH AS SHIP SCRAPERS, TRI- ANGULAR HOES, AND OTHER IMPLEMENTS
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Lec, of Vale House, Hampstead Heath,
London, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MAnufacture of
STEEL AND OTHER METALLIC INSTRUMENTS, SUCH AS SHIP SCRAPERS, TRI-
ANGULAR HOES, AND OTHER IMPLEMENTS."
Sealed the 14th September 1875, and dated the 18th March 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Lee at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th March 1875.
I, JOSEPH LEE, of Vale House, Hampstead Heath, London, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF STEEL AND OTHER METALLIC INSTRUMENTS, SUCH AS SHIP SCRAPERS,
TRIANGULAR HOES, AND OTHER IMPLEMENTS," to be as follows :—
In the manufacture of such instruments as have their cutting edge
at an angle to the handle, such as ship scrapers, triangular hoes, and
other like instruments, I attach the blade thereof to its socket, tang,
or eye by means of three or more rivets or screws projecting from or

page_text: passed through a flange or other projection constructed at the end of
such socket, tang, or cye, thereby preventing the liability of the blade
becoming loose as it does where only one rivet or screw is used.
Where a socket or eye for the insertion of a wood handle is required,
I cut, slot, or divide the whole or part of such socket or cye in two or
more places and rivet the parts together through the wood of the handle,
thus providing for the contraction and expansion of the same, and
preventing the parts from becoming loose. This slotting or cutting of
the socket or eye I employ in the manufacture of rakes, spades, shovels,
forks, bills, hooks, chisels, hammers, and other instruments requiring a
socket or eye.
In the manufacture of instruments with a tang for holding them in
their handle, I divide the point of such tang into two or more parts,
and cause a divergence of such points as they enter the handle. This
divergence I effect by placing a wedge between the points, or by other
suitable contrivance. The object of this divergence of the points is to
cause them to enter the wood or other material of which the handle is
composed, and thereby prevent the tang from being withdrawn.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Joseph Lee in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 14th September 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
LEE, of Vale House, Hampstead Heath, London, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the thirty-eighth
year of Her reign, did for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Joseph Lee, Her special licence that I,
the said Joseph Lee, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Joseph Lec, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
țime and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the

page_text: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF STEEL AND OTHER METALLIC INSTRUMENTS, SUCH AS SHIP SCRAPERS, TRIANGULAR
HOES, AND OTHER IMPLEMENTS," upon the condition (amongst others) that
I, the said Joseph Lee, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Lee, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
In the manufacture of such instruments as have their cutting edge
at an angle to the handle, such as ship scrapers, triangular hoes, and
other like instruments, I attach the blade thereof to its socket, tang,
or eye by means of three or more rivets or screws projecting from or
passed through a flange or other projection constructed at the end of
such socket, tang, or eye, thereby preventing the liability of the blade
becoming loose as it does where only one rivet or screw is used.
Where a socket or eye for the insertion of a wood handle is required
I cut, slot, or divide the whole or part of such socket or eye in two or
more places, and rivet the parts together through the wood when the
handle is inserted, thus providing for the contraction and expansion of
the same, and preventing the parts from becoming loose. This slotting
or cutting of the socket or eye I employ in the manufacture of rakes,
spades, shovels, forks, bills, hooks, chisels, hammers, and other instru-
ments requiring a socket or eye.
In the manufacture of instruments with a tang for holding them in
their handle I cut, slot, or divide the point of such tang into two or
more parts, and cause a divergence of such parts as they enter the
handle. This divergence is effected by making the parts chisel edged
at the point, or by other suitable contrivance. The object of this
divergence of the points is to cause them to enter laterally the wood
handle, into which it is intended they shall be driven, and thereby
prevent it from being withdrawn.

page_text: 4
Figure 1 shows a section of a triangular hoe or ship scraper when
made with a socket. a, the slotted end of the socket for receiving the
wood handle, and through which one or more rivets or pins is passed to
unite the parts together in the direction shewn at e; b, b, are the rivets
or screws that either pass through or project from the flange c and hold
securely upon it the steel plate d.
Figure 2 a section of a triangular hoe or ship scraper when made
with a tang. a, the slotted end of the tang which is to be driven
into the wood handle, the points a¹, a², shaped chisel edged so as to 1
cause them to diverge outwardly as they enter.
Figure 3 shows end view of triangular hoe or ship scraper. b, b, b,
the arrangement of the rivets or screws in the steel plate d, which hold
it to the flange (indicated by the dotted lines) at the back.
Having now described my Invention, I wish it to be understood that 1
what I claim is,-
The application of three or more rivets or screws for the purpose
of securing the plate of a triangular hoc or ship scraper to its socket
or tang, and the slotting into two or more parts the end of such socket
or tang.
Also the application of a more or less slotted end to any socket or
tang to which the same can be applied.
In witness whereof I, the said Joseph Lee, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Third day of September, One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-five.