IMPROVED MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR VENTILATING, CHIEPLY APPLICABLE TO CHIMNEYS
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Miles Lockhart, of Douglas, in the Isle of Man,
for the Invention of "IMPROVED MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR VENTILATING,
CHIEPLY APPLICABLE TO CHIMNEYS."
Sealed the 22nd May 1869, and dated the 15th December 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Miles Lockhart at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th December 1868.
I, MILES LOCKHART, of Douglas, in the Isle of Man, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR
VENTILATING, CHIEFLY APPLICABLE TO CHIMNEYS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in leading a pipe down the chimney. This pipe
is turned up at its lower end, where it terminates in a box or in a series
of tubes, or holes are formed in a corrugated plate or otherwise, such box,
tubes, or plate being situated above the stove or in other convenient
position at the bottom of the chimney. The top of the pipe extends
a short distance above the chimney, and carries a horizontal cup fitted
with a vane which always keeps the open end of the cup to the wind.
A portion of the pipe is free to revolve with the cup, and this portion

page_text: carries a guard the back of which is always kept to the wind. Thc
wind striking the hollow of the cup is directed down the pipe, and
thereby led to the box at the bottom of the chimney. This box allows
it to pass out in an upward direction into the chimney so that the up
draught therein is increased. The guard prevents any wind blowing
down the main aperture of the chimney, and at the same time leaves the
opening at the top frce for the egress of smoke.
The means and apparatus hercin-before described also apply to veuti-
lating mine shafts, tunnels, railway carriages, apartments, and to
ventilating purposes generally.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Miles Lockhart in the Great Seal-Patent Office
on the 10th June 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, MILES
LOCKHART, of Douglas, in the Isle of Man, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of December,-in-the.
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the
thirty-second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said Miles Lockhart, Her special
licence that I; the said Miles Lockhart, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Miles Lockhart, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, an no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS
OR APPARATUS FOR VENTILATING, CHIEFLY APPLICABLE. TO CHIMNEYS," upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Miles Lockhart, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my,
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
'Great Scal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Miles Lockhart, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
This my said Invention consists in certain improvements in apparatus
for ventilating, chiefly applicable to chimeys, and has for its object the
more perfect ventilating of chimneys, insuring an up draught, preventing
a down draught, and rendering it next to impossible for chimneys so
fitted to smoke.
This apparatus also can be used for other ventilating purposes.
.
In the cases of churches, theatres, sheds, dwelling-houses, or other
buildings it will be found of great service, as by its means all heated
air, which naturally collects near the roof or ceiling of any building or
room, will be carried away. It also applies to ventilating mine shafts,
tunnels, and railway carriages, and to ventilating purposes generally.
An apparatus constructed according to this my said Invention consists
in a cowl or cup shaped head, which has a vane attached to the top,
which vane always keeps the mouth of the cowl or cup shaped head
facing the wind. The cowl or cup shaped head is supported by means of
a stay, to which is attached a rod, which rod descends down from the lead,.
and ships into a pipe or tube which is attached to a chimney top or pipe,.
which rises from and is fixed to the brickwork or masonry of the chimney.
The cowl or cup shaped head is made to ship over the chimney top or
pipe, and by means of the rod shipping into the before-mentioned pipe
or tube is allowed to revolve round the chimney pot or pipe according:
to the direction of the wind. To the inside of the cowl or cup shaped
head is attached a pipe which descends a short distance into the chimney
pot or pipe. This pipe revolves with the cowl, and fits into at its lower
end a pipe which leads down the chimney, and which pipe terminates in
an elbow having a mouth on the top side. Round the pipe which is
attached to the inside of the cowl or cup shaped head is formed a smoke
box, and at the back of the cowl or cup shaped head is an opening or
outlet for the smoke.
In cases of high buildings being near chimneys to which this cowl or
cup shaped head is fitted, or in mountainous districts, it is preferred to
fit this opening or smoke outlet with a guard formed of a series of
circular, square, or other shaped plates, having their centre part cut away
and kept some small distance apart from cach other, and terminating in

page_text: a solid plate, or a Venetian or other guard may be used, as found most
convenient in practise.
"In order that this Invention may be the more readily seen and under-
stood, there are hereunto attached Drawings which illustrate a cowl or
cup shaped head, with the pipes attached, as herein-before described.
Figure 1 is a sectional view of an apparatus according to my Inven-
tion; Figure 2 is a back view of the same; Figure 3 is an outside
view; Figure 4 is an outside view of the cowl-shaped head or cup
without guard, and shown with butterfly wing shaped vane.
Figures 5, 6, and 7 illustrate a guard to be used when required as
herein-before mentioned. Like letters in each and every Figure denote
like parts. Arrows denote the direction the wind takes. A, cowl or
cup shaped head; B; vane-which-keeps-the cowl or cup shaped head
with its mouth or open part facing the wind; -C,-pipe which_is.
attached to cowl or cup shaped head, and revolves together with it and
fits into D, a pipe which leads down the the chimney and terminates
in an elbow D', with a mouth D³ on its top part; E, stay to which is
attached-F,-rod-which_descends into G, pipe or tube stay, which is
attached to H, chimney pot or pipe which is fixed on the brickwork or
masonry; J, smoke box; L, aperture or smoke outlet; M, guard.
Figures 5, 6, and 7. A, part of cowl or cup shaped head;
B, B1, B2, B3, plates forming guard to be used as herein-before
described when required..
The action of this apparatus is as follows:-The cowl or cup shaped
head is kept with its mouth or open part facing the wind by means of
the vane B; the wind blows into the mouth or open part of the cowl,
thence down the pipe C attached to the cowl, thence through pipe D
turning at the elbow D', and blowing up the chimney and thereby
causing an up draught. It blows up the chimney, taking the smoke or
hot air with it into the smoke box J, it thence escapes into the open air
through the aperture L and guard M when fitted. The arrows indicate
the direction of the wind, as just described.
In cases of churches, theatres, sheds, dwelling houses, or other
buildings, also in mine shafts, tunnels, railway carriages, and general
ventilating purposes, the operation of the apparatus is similar to that a
herein-before described for chimneys, only the wind blows the foul gas
or heated air away in place of the smoke.

page_text: Such being the nature and object of my said Invention, and I having
now fully described and ascertained the object and purposes of the same,
together with the manner in which the same is to be or may be per-
formed or carried out into practical effect, I wish it to be distinctly
understood that I do not confine myself to the several proportions and
relative dimensions of the various parts of the construction, as it will
be readily seen that the same may be considerably varied without
departing from my Invention; but what I claim as new and my Inven-
tion is, the combination of a cowl or other cup shaped head being kept
with its open part or mouth facing the wind, and having connected with
it a pipe which leads down the chimney (ventilator in other cases), having
an elbow with a mouth facing upwards at its end, and this cowl or cup
shaped head revolving round the casing or chimney top (or ventilating
pipe), and the action of the several parts being for the purposes hercin-
before described and set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Miles Lockhart, have hereunto set
my hand and affixed my scal, this Eighth day of Junc, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine.
Witness,
FREDERICK J. CHEESBROUGH,
of 43, Castle Street,
Liverpool.
MILES (L.s.) LOCKHART.