Improvements in Paving for Streets, Roads, and other Places.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 8th Nov., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 8th Aug., 1893-Accepted, 23rd Sept., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Paving for Streets, Roads, and other Places.
I, HARRY DANIEL EARL EARL, of The Outer Temple, Strand, in the County
of London, Architect, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
:-
My invention relates to a new or improved composite paving for streets, roads,
pavements, footways, and the like, and the objects of the invention are, the preven-
tion of slipping, the extra durability of the paving, the saving of time in laying
down and renewal of the paving, and consequently less interference with traffic.
In carrying out my invention, I form the paving of compound and other blocks,
consisting of the following materials, viz. (1) wood and asphalte, (2) wood and
cement concrete, (3) wood, asphalte, and cement concrete; such materials in each
case being used in combination as hereinafter set forth.
The wood blocks are to be sawn die square on all edges, and preferably about
9 inches by 3 inches and of the thickness of the paving, and set on end with the
grain upwards. The thickness of the paving may vary to suit the purpose to which
it may be applied, but in this Specification I will deal with a thickness of 6 inches.
The compound block may consist of a central wood block 9" x 3" x 6", to each
side of which a side block of 9" x 3" x 2", laid flat, is nailed or "dowelled," or
attached by a mixture of pitch and tar. The spaces above these side blocks,
3" x 3" in section, will be occupied by asphalte or concrete as required, and which
may be cast on to the block before it is laid, or put in afterwards; or a wood
block 9" x 3" x 31" may rest on a sole piece 9" x 9" x 2", to which the wood
block is attached by a mixture of pitch and tar; or the composite block may be
composed of rough concrete as a base, with the upper part of cement concrete as
specified, which latter may be either cast on at one operation at the time the base
is cast in a mould, or may be applied in position after the wood blocks are laid. Or
where it is desired to use asphalte, the asphalte will take the place of the cement
concrete on the composite block. The additional advantage of this composite
block is that the paving can be renewed when worn down without renewing the
bases.
Where the paving is to be of wood and asphalte, the section thereof will be in
courses, which will appear alternately of wood and asphalte.
Where the paving is to be of wood and cement concrete, the section thereof will
be similar to the arrangement last described, but the spaces occupied by asphalt
will be occupied by cement concrete, and the courses will appear alternately of
wood and concrete.
Where the paving is to be of wood, asphalte, and cement concrete, the section
will be similar as regards the arrangement of the wood, and the spaces will be
occupied by asphalte and concrete alternately, or in alternate pairs (i.e. two spaces
asphalte and two spaces concrete.
The wood is to be of the kind best suited to the traffic, and may be of fir or deal
for ordinary traffic, and of teak or other suitable hard wood where the wear and
tear may be greater or where the paving is required to last longer. The wood is
to be sawn into blocks and may be "pickled," creosoted, or used plain from the
saw.
The asphalte may be either what is known as British asphalte, or Seyssel,
Polonçeau, Val de Travers, or other suitable natural or manufactured asphalte.
A proportion of gravel grit, granite sand, chalk, crushed stone, or other suitable
material, may be mixed with the asphalte. The relative proportions will depend

page_text: upon the kind of wood used, and will be varied to obtain the different degrees of
hardness required so that the wear may keep a fairly equal surface for the paving.
The concrete may be composed of Portland cement, granite sand, gravel grit, and
crushed stone or other suitable material.. The relative proportions will depend
upon the kind of wood used, and will be varied to obtain the different degrees of
hardness required.
2003
Improvements in Paving for Streets, Roads, and other Places.
I, HARRY DANIEL EARL EARL, of The Outer Temple, Ştrand, in the County
of London, Architect, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to a new or improved composite paving for streets, roads,
pavements, footways, and the like, and the objects of my invention are, to prevent
slipping, to increase the durability of the paving and thereby cause less interference
with traffic, and to effect saving of time in laying down the paving.
According to my invention, I form the paving of compound blocks consisting of
the following materials, viz. :-
(1) Wood and asphalte.
(2) Wood and cement concrete.
(3) Wood, asphalte, and cement concrete; such materials in each case to be used
in combination as hereinafter set forth. The wood blocks are to be sawn die square
on all edges, and preferably say about 9" x 3" and of the thickness of the paving,
and set on end with the grain upwards.
My invention will be readily understood by the following description having
reference to Figs. 1 to 4 of the accompanying drawings.
The thickness of the paving should vary to suit the purpose to which it may be
applied, but in this Specification I will deal with a thickness of 6 inches, although
it will be understood that I do not limit myself to the precise dimensions here given
by way of example.
Referring to the sectional view shewn at Fig. 1, the compound block may consist
of a central wood block 9" x 3" x 6", marked A, to each side of which a side block
9" x 3" x 2" marked B B, laid flat, is nailed, or dowelled, or attached by a
mixture of pitch and tar. The spaces C above these side blocks B B, 3" x 3" in
section, will be occupied by asphalte, or concrete, as required, and which may be
cast onto the compound block before it is laid, or put in afterwards: or, as is shewn
at Fig. 2, a wood block 9" x 3" x 3". marked A, may rest on
a sole piece
9" x 9" x 2", marked B, to which latter the wood block A is attached by a
mixture of pitch and tar, or dowelled or nailed, the two side spaces being filled
with asphalte or.concrete.
Where the paving is to be of wood and asphalte, the section thereof will be in
courses, which will appear alternately of wood and asphalte; such, for example, as
is shewn, at Fig. 3, where a compound block B BA is placed alternately with a
single block A
Where the paving is to be of wood and cement concrete, the section thereof will
be similar to the arrangement shewn at Fig. 3, but the spaces occupied by asphalte
will be occupied by cement concrete, and the courses will thus appear alternately
of wood and concrete.
Where the paving is to be of wood, asphalte, and cement concrete, the section
will be similar as regards the arrangement of the wood, and the spaces will be

page_text: occupied by asphalte and concrete alternately, or in alternate pairs (i.e. two spaces
asphalte and two spaces concrete).
The wood should be of the kind best suited to the traffic, and may be of fir or
deal for ordinary traffic, and of teak or other suitable hard wood where the wear
and tear may be greater, or where the paving is required to last longer. The wood
is to be sawn into blocks, and may be "pickled," creosoted, or used plain from the
saw. The wood blocks may be grooved, slotted, or rabbetted if required for further
additional holding purposes to retain the concrete or asphalte material in position.
The paving may be laid on a bed of sand for footways and pavements, but for
streets and roads, a bed of concrete, varying in thickness with the nature of the
traffic, should be laid down and finished to about the same curve in cross-section as
may be required for the finished upper surface of the paving.
The asphalte may be either what is known as British asphalte, or Seyssel,
Polonçeau, Val de Travers, or other suitable natural or manufactured asphalte.
A proportion of gravel, grit, granite sand, chalk, crushed stone, or other suitable
material, may be mixed with the asphalte. The relative proportions will depend
upon the kind of wood used, and will be varied to obtain the different degrees of
hardness required, so that the wear may keep a fairly equal surface to the paving.
The concrete is or may be composed of Portland cement, granite sand, gravel,
grit and crushed stone or other suitable material. The relative porportions depend
upon the kind of wood used, and must be varied to obtain the different degrees of
hardness required.
In some cases, as is shewn at Fig. 4, the composite block may be composed of
rough concrete C¹ as a base, with the upper part of cement concrete C² as specified,
which latter may be either cast on at one operation at the time the base is cast in a
mould, or may be applied in position after the wood blocks A¹ are laid.
Or where it is desired to use asphalte, the asphalte will take the place of the
cement concrete on the composite block. The additional advantage of this
composite block is that the paving can be renewed when worn down without
renewing the bases.
Paving constructed according to my invention may be sanded or gravelled in the
ordinary way if desired, although such sanding or gravelling is not absolutely
necessary, because the traffic over paving constructed according to my invention
will automatically sand or gravel same by releasing such materials as are contained
in parts of the paving itself, in the ordinary course of wear and tear.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner. the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In composite paving, forming same in compound blocks, each formed either of
combined wood and asphalte, or of wood and cement concrete, or of wood, asphalte,
and cement concrete, all substantially as and for the purposes herein before set forth.
2. In composite paving a central wood block and two side blocks, with asphalte
or concrete above the latter blocks, substantially as described with reference to
Fig. 1 of the accompanying drawing.
3. In composite paving, a wood block sole-piece, an upper central wood block,
the side spaces being filled with asphalte or concrete substantially as described with
reference to Fig. 2 of the accompanying drawing.
4. The composite paving constructed and arranged substantially as described
with reference to Fig. 3 of the accompanying drawing.
5. The composite paving constructed and arranged substantially as described
with reference to Fig. 4 of the accompanying drawing.
Dated this 5th day of August 1893
BREWER & SON,.
London and Leeds, Agents for Applicant.