matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FELT HATS AND BONNETS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Noël Joseph Hyppolite Duplais at
"he Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
rd May 1857.
1, NOËL JOSEPH HYPPOLITE DUPLAIS, of 89, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, in
the Empire of France, and of 4, South Street, Finsbury, London, do hereby
declare the nature of my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF FELT HATS AND BONNETS," to be as follows, that is to say:-
The Invention consists in the application of wool or cotton shearings to the
carcasses of hats (which I previously prepare with a linen or cotton fabric).
by the means herein-after described.
I take a double cotton or linen tissue dressed and glued together by the
ordinary processes, which, being moistened and applied on a heated metal
block of the required form, receives exactly the same shape, and becomes an
exact reproduction of it. On to this shape, directly the double tissue is dry,
I apply, by means of a painter's knife, a coating of linseed oil or other natural
oil, cleansed by known processes, and brought to a workable consistence, I
place it to dry in a stove heated to about 167° Fahrenheit, and when taken
out a second coating of oil is applied, after which I replace it in the stove,
raising the temperature to about 189° Fahrenheit. When this process is
finished and the hat perfectly dry, I polish it with pumicestone to remove any
roughness.
The next operation consists in coating the interior of the hat with a mor-
dant, the composition of which may vary, but the base of which is always

page_text: composed of boiled oil or oil deprived of its grease, added to a little white lead
or other known animal, vegetable, or mineral siccative. I apply a coating of
this mordant in the interior of the hat by means of a brush, and then pour 'on
it with the hand woollen or cotton shearings, at the same time striking the
other side of the hat with a rod to fix the shearings. The stove is then heated
to about 212° Fahrt, and when the hat is withdrawn therefrom the same pro-
cess is recommenced for the exterior. I finally place the hat in the stove
heated to 212° Fahrt to obtain a perfect drying, and the complete disinfection
of the oil.
This process being finished, I submit the hat to the vapour of hot water.
AN IMPROVED SAFETY CANDLE LANTERN
Year: 1857

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Kenneth Leith Sutherland at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
April 1857.
I, KENNETH LEITH SUTHERLAND, of the Junior United Service Club, St.
James', Barrister-at-Law and Paymaster of the Royal Navy, F.R.G.S. &c.,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED SAFETY
CANDLE LANTERN," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in constructing a safety candle lantern, particularly
suited for ship purposes, in the following manner:-The lower part of the
lantern is formed of a metal cylinder, open at top, and fitted with a socket at
bottom for the reception of the candle holder, which consists of a case con-
taining a coiled spring and cap to keep the candle in the case upon the
spring. The cap is fitted in the manner usually followed in candle lamps,
and under the cap there is fixed a perforated disc, to which is soldered a wire
rising upwards, whereby to take out the candle holder when required. From
the metal cylinder there rise four or more metal rods, which support a flat
metal ring, and between two of these rods there is soldered a plate, which
acts as a reflector, and has attached to the outside thereof another plate which
carries a pair of handles; the top of the plate has also affixed to it a loop,
whereby to hang the lantern when needful so to do. A ledge in the form of.
a wire is soldered round the upper part of the metal cylinder and inside it to

page_text: receive a glass cylinder or chimney, the top of which reaches and lies inside
the flat metal collar. To the upper part of this collar there is fitted a hinged
top, which on being closed keeps the glass cylinder in position, as also the
wire attached to the candle holder disc. The cover may be locked or closed
by a screw worked by a key, or otherwise. Apertures for the admission of air
are formed in the metal cylinder, and for the escape of the products of
combustion in the cover. For mines and such like places the apertures must
be protected by wiro gauze.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF VARIOUS KINDS OF GLUE OR GELATINE
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Stenhouse, of 15, Upper Barnsbury Street,
Islington, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
VARIOUS KINDS OF GLUE OR GELATINE."
Sealed the 21st July 1857, and dated the 7th May 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Stenhouse at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th May 1857.
I, JOHN STENHOUSE, of 15, Upper Barnsbury Street, Islington, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF VARIOUS KINDS OF GLUE OR GELATINE," to be as follows:-
When ordinary leather, either new or old, is divided into minute fragments,
little effect is produced upon it by eight days boiling with water in an open
vessel, and when ordinary leather is boiled under pressure with water, a dark
brown liquid is obtained which contains both animal and vegetable matter;
but when ordinary leather is boiled under a pressure of about two atmospheres
mixed with about 20 per cent. of finely divided carbonate of lime or whiting
and as much water as will dissolve the glue, almost all the vegetable matter
at the end of four or five hours forms an insoluble compound with lime, and the

page_text: clear liquid yields a large quantity of a glue of good quality. By washing the
lime residues with hot water more glue is obtained.
.
When white leather in small fragments has been washed with cold water,
to remove soluble salts, and then introduced into a boiler, in which it can be
submitted (with sufficient water to cover the leather) to a pressure of about
two atmospheres for about four or five hours, a quantity of a.. ..light-coloured
gelatine is produced. But I usually, as when treating ordinary leather, intro-
duce the fragments of white leather into a boiler, mixed with about 20 per
cent. of carbonate of lime or whiting and as much water as will dissolve all
the gelatine formed.
When the foregoing mixture is submitted to a pressure of about two atmo-
spheres for about four or five hours, almost all the impurities have formed an
insoluble compound with the lime, and the clear liquid yields a large quantity
of a transparent and nearly colourless gelatine. By washing the lime residues
with hot water more gelatine is obtained. Instead of carbonate of lime
sometimes I employ hydrate of lime, or the sulphides of calcium, carbonate
or hydrate of magnesia, or the sulphides of magnesium, carbonate or hydrate
of baryta, or the sulphides of barium, carbonate or hydrate of strontia, or the
sulphides of strontium; but I prefer using powdered carbonate of lime or
whiting with water, under a pressure of about two atmospheres..
da
AN IMPROVED MODE OF LAYING SUBMARINE CABLES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Abraham Booth Patterson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th September 1857.
I, ABRAHAM BOOTH PATTERSON, of the City of Baltimore, in the State of
Maryland, and United States of America, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF LAYING SUBMARINE CABLES," to be as
follows:-
The object of my Invention is to lessen the risk of breaking in laying down
submarine cables by relieving the strains incident to sudden changes of velocity
in paying out the cable, and to the rise and fall of the vessel in a heavy sea.'
This object I accomplish by passing the cable through a float or buoy of
peculiar construction, and by paying it out over a beam arranged to vibrate
like a scale beam round a fulcrum, and having the amount of its motion
controlled by a spring or springs attached in any suitable position & manner.
The buoy or float may be of any external form that may be found most
desirable; its size will depend upon the nature of the particular work upon
which it is employed; a longitudinal section of it will present as its interior
form a cavity resembling two hollow frustrums of cones, united at their apexes..
The tube or aperture which unites the two conical cavities is surrounded by
friction rollers to facilitate the passage of the cable through it. The buoy
floats upon the surface of the water, and is attached to the stern of the vessel
by a chain or cord; it will assist in compensating any variations of strain by
becoming more or less submerged, and by changing its distance from the ship.

page_text: The beam before spoken of is placed at the stern of the vessel from which the
cable is being paid out, and one end or arm of it projects over the stern; it
has sheaves or grooved rollers at its extremities, over which the cable passes.
The spring which I attach to the inner arm of the beam is adjusted to that
degree of tension required to sustain the arm under the ordinary strain of the
cable, but so as to yield to an increased strain. The range of motion given to
the arms may be regulated at pleasure by increasing or diminishing either
their absolute or relative length.
I do not confine myself to one float or one beam, but propose to use any
number that experience may prove to be necessary.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES APPLICABLE TO COMMON ROADS
Year: 1857

page_text: This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Remington and John
Barton Balcombe at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 3rd June 1857.
We, GEORGE REMINGTON, of Hereford Square, Old Brompton, in the
County of Middlesex, Engineer, and JOHN BARTON BALCOMBE, of Sutherland
Terrace, Loughborough Park, Brixton, in the County of Surrey, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES APPLICABLE TO COMMON ROADS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the application to locomotive engines of endless
chains, the links of which as they are laid upon the ground will form a way
for the running wheels to pass over, and thus present a hard firm road for the
engine. The chains we construct of links, which are jointed together, and by
their conformation form an endless railway. The chains extend from the fore
to the hind wheels, and they are secured thereto by flanges on the wheels or
otherwise. The motive power of the engine is communicated to the wheels by
cranks, and thus the rotation of the wheels will carry round the links and
cause them to form an unbroken line of rail on the ground for the support of
the moving engine. The chain of railway on one side of the engine is
precisely similar to the chain on the other side, so that two parallel lines of
locomotive railway are formed for the transit of the engine. These chains
of railway we propose sometimes to join by cross bars, but they may be

page_text: separate if preferred. In some cases we may employ two chains of railway
passing under and over the working wheels of the engine, as above described,
and in other cases we may employ but one chain working under and over
wheels placed in the centre line of the engine, this central line of railway
supporting and sustaining the principal weight of the engine, there being
other wheels to bear upon the ground without the railway.
The locomotive railway may be made in a variety of forms. In some cases
the outside of the chain may be composed of timber and iron, the timber
sleepers being jointed longitudinally, and the inside links of the chain of iron
forming the railway. The iron part of the railway may be raised or flat,
according to the form or section of the periphery of the working wheels, which
latter may have flanches, according to the usual plan, or they may be grooved
or raised to suit the form of the railway. The chain of railway may in some
cases be composed entirely of wrought-iron plates and leather, forming an
endless band of railway; in others, of iron wire, forming a cable of railway;
in some cases the chains of railway may consist of a number of parallel links,
like the chains of a suspension bridge, and in some cases the chain of railway
may be jointed, so as to move horizontally as well as vertically.
AN IMPROVED AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENT
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Moon, Robert Belt, and
George Ewbank at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 10th July 1857.
We, JAMES MOON, of Malton, in the North Riding of the County of York,
ROBERT BELT, and GEORGE EWBANK, both of Lutton, in the East Riding of
the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENT," to be as follows (that is to say):-
Our Invention which has reference to the construction of a double action.
spiked land roller or clod crusher, for smoothing or cleaning the surface of
ploughed laud, consists of two cylinders or rollers mounted horizontally upon
metallic frame-end bearings, and furnished with projecting spikes or teeth
upon their peripheries, so as to break or crush the ground by their revolving
action when in use, the said spikes moving between and in advance of each
other upon the said rollers, whilst travelling wheels secured to the framework
are employed for raising or lowering the apparatus, either for the purpose of
being removed or brought into action, an arrangement for regulating the
height of the apparatus suitable to the draught of different-sized horses being
also affixed to the frame.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RETARDING OMNIBUSES AND OTHER CARRIAGES
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Palmer de la Fon at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 80th
November 1857.
I, JOHN PALMER DE LA FONS, of Carlton Hill, St. John's Wood, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RETARDING OMNIBUSES AND OTHER CARRIAGES,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for retarding
omnibuses and other carriages. For these purposes the skid or pan is made
in two parts, the upper part is made with a curved upper surface on to which
the wheel runs when the skid is used. This part of the skid has two lugs or
projections, one on either side at the back end thereof, between which the
wheel enters. The skid has also two other lugs or projections with holes
through them, corresponding with holes in like projections formed on the
other part of the skid, which is formed to fit the part first mentioned. The
skid has one end of a lever fixed to it, and it is attached to a drag chain in
like manner to other skids or pans. The lever at its other end comes con-
veniently to the footboard so as to enable the conductor to depress such part
of the lever by his foot or otherwise, when it is desired to lift the skid off the

page_text: ground, and the back or upper end of the lever is continually pressed on by a
suitable rod, so long as the skid is required to be out of use, the rod being
fastened or locked in position, so that the unlocking of the rod allows the
skid to descend to the ground.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PURIFYING ALKALINE LEES
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed by
the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Deacon at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th December
1857.
I, HENRY DEACON, of Widnes, in the County of Lancaster, Alkali Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN PURIFYING ALKALINE LEES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the purification of the alkaline lees obtained in
the manufacture of alkalies, and consists in the application and use to and for
that purpose of any of the salts of the magnetic oxide of iron, or of the sesqui-
oxide of iron, or of the oxides of iron obtained from the above-mentioned salts,
or of the sesqui-oxide of iron obtained by oxidising the protoxide.
AN IMPROVED PETTICOAT FOR LADIES' WEAR
Year: 1857

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frédérique Lemaire at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th November
1857. A communication.
I, FREDERIQUE LEMAIRE, of Tavistock Street, Covent Garden, in tho
County of Middlesex, Lithographer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED PETTICOAT FOR LADIES' WEAR," communicated
to me by a certain foreigner residing abroad, to be as follows:-
I take a piece of calico or any suitable material or fabric, and shape it to
form. On this form I arrange a quantity of down or eider down according to
thickness or fulness that may be required. I then lay over the down and the
piece of calico, or other material, shaped as required, the whole is then sewn
together in such wise that when completed as a petticoat, it will have the
appearance of a series of horizontal, and equal or nearly equal corrugations,
care being taken to vary these at the hips, so that the corsage may set as
usually worn. The advantages of this petticoat, as compared with others, are
lightness, warmth, and certain resumption of shape after compression, setting
out the dress in an elegant and graceful form.
AN APPARATUS FOR WEIGHING SHIPS' ANCHORS
Year: 1857

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PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Letournel at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th September
1857.
1, LOUIS LETOURNEL, of Paris (France), Gentleman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN APPARATUS FOR WEIGHING SHIPS'
ANCHORS," to be as follows:-
The apparatus is composed of two strong curved plates held together by
two bolts, and made to embrace the cable or chain of the anchor; each bolt
serves as a spindle for a suitable bend lever. At the other end of each of
these two levers is attached a short chain, the free ends of which two chains
are united in one cable or chain, so that this latter being drawn up, the two
levers act as a pair of pincers, and firmly take the anchor chain between
them, so that the anchor may be drawn up with facility and quickness, and,
if required, instantly liberated from the apparatus, for which purpose one of
the bolts that keep the two plates together is made with a key in order to
allow of quickly removing the said bolt.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND ORNAMENTATION OF PENCIL CASES, PENHOLDERS, RESERVES OR CASES FOR LEADS, NEEDLE CASES, AND INKHOLDERS, AND OTHER TUBULAR CASES
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Henry Adderley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th December
1857.
I, SAMUEL HENRY ADDERLEY, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND ORNAMENTATION OF PENCIL CASES,
PENHOLDERS, RESERVES OR CASES FOR LEADS, NEEDLE CASES, AND INKHOLDERS, AND
OTHER TUBULAR CASES," to be as follows-
In making and ornamenting pencil cases according to my Invention, I
proceed as follows:-I take a rod or mandril somewhat less in diameter than
the pencil case to be made, and of any convenient length. The said mandril
may either be cylindrical or prismatic. 1 roll or coil upon the said mandril
alternate layers of linen or cotton fabric and paper, the said fabric and paper
being overspread with paste. The paste I prefer to employ is made of twelve
parts of glue and two parts of wheaten flour. More or less of the alternate
layers of fabric and paper is rolled upon the mandril, according to the strength
of the case to be made. After the tube thus made is dry, its figure is per-
fected by drawing it upon its mandril through a suitably formed draw plate.
The tube is then saturated with linseed oil and dried in a stove, and afterwards
varnished and dried again. It is next ornamented by japanning or varnishing,
gilding, and painting, or by attaching thereto by means of gold size, or other

page_text: adhesive material, pieces of shell either alone or combined with metal. The
shells I prefer to employ are pearl and tortoiseshell, but any other ornamental
shell may be employed. Different kinds of shell may be used on different
parts of the tube, and the shell may be combined with plates of gold or silver,
or other metal or alloy. The tube, made and ornamented as described, is made
into a pencil case by the introduction of the usual mechanism. The same
method of construction and ornamentation is applicable to penholders, reserves
or cases for leads, needlo cases, inkholders, and other tubular cases.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MANUFACTURING FELTED FABRICS
Year: 1857

page_text: www
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Hirst at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th February
1857.
I, WILLIAM HIRST, of Bath, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MANUFACTURING FELTED FABRICS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in manufacturing felted
fabrics. For these purposes a suitable accumulation of sliver having been
produced, as is well understood, the same is spread on a stout wrapper of open
or gauze weaving, and of somewhat greater width and length than the sliver.
The sliver and wrapper are wound tightly on a roller, which is arranged to
revolve partly in a trough containing hot water, or hot water and soap; a bar
parallel with the axis of the roller, on which the sliver and wrapper are wound
is caused to be moved in a direction from and towards the axis of the roller,
by which, as the roller revolves, the accumulated sliver will be subjected to and
released from pressure alternately for some length of time. The sliver and
wrapper are then drawn or unwound from the roller, and conducted between
two pressing rollers. A pressing roller is also applied to the roller from which
the materials are being unwound. Free steam is applied to the sliver inter-
mediate of the two sets of rollers, and the sliver and wrapper are moved
through and through between these rollers till the desired hardness is obtained;
the hardened sliver is then to be fulled and completed in the ordinary manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELASTIC TISSUES FOR LADIES PETTICOATS AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Auguste Joseph Aucher at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
August 1857.
I, AUGUSTE JOSEPH AUCHER, of Paris, (France), Gentleman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELASTIC TISSUES
FOR LADIES PETTICOATS AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
These improvements relate to the manufacture of those descriptions of elastic
tissues as serve for making ladies farthingales, petticoats, stays, and other
similar articles, and they consist in introducing in the said tissues a suitable
number of wires or strips of any suitable metal, such for instance as fine steel
wire, which wires or strips may either form part of the warp or of the weft, or.
be introduced in the shed while the tissue is being woven.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN COATING THE SURFACES OF THE CELLS OF GALVANIC BATTERIES, AND ALSO THE SURFACES OF CRUCIBLES
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Stanislaus Hoga, of No. 1, Marylebone Strect, in the
County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVEMENT IN COATING
THE SURFACES OF THE CELLS OF GALVANIC BATTERIES, AND ALSO THE SURFACES
OF CRUCIBLES."
Sealed the 21st August 1857, and dated the 1st June 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Stanislaus Hoga at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st June
1857.
I, STANISLAUS HOGA, of No. 1, Marylebone Street, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "AN IMPROVE-
MENT IN COATING THE SURFACES OF THE CELLS OF GALVANIC BATTERIES, AND ALSO
THE SURFACES OF CRUCIBLES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the improvement of the cells of galvanic batteries,
and also of crucibles, by the deoxidation of platinum and iridium by heat when
applied to such surfaces. For this purpose a solution of these metals is
applied over such vessels, when made of certain aluminous earth, or of a
carbonaceous substance, which being heated, the metals are decomposed, and
a thin metallic substance remains tenaciously adherent to the surfaces. By
the above process, the whole of the inside of the cell of a galvanic battery,

page_text: being lined with a metal coating, is converted into a most perfect negative
element, and the use of a plate of platinum may be thus dispensed with.
For crucibles, I make use either of the usual crucibles made from graphite
or plumbago, and for small ones, I make use of the better substance of carbon,
which is formed in gas retorts, or of the carbonated iron which is formed in
the bottom of the same retorts. I pass over the exterior surfaces of such
crucibles a brush moistened with the metal solution, and subject the same to
heat, by which metallic surfaces are produced on the outsides of the crucibles,
which will prevent the carbon combining with oxygen, and consequently the
crucibles will be preserved from being burned when in use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LIGHTING AND IN LAMPS
Year: 1857

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PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Wilkinson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th February
1857.
I, WILLIAM WILKINSON, of Nottingham, Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of tho said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LIGHTING AND IN LAMPS,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in constructing lamps with a reservoir for gas, so
as to form portable gas lamps, which being charged with gas give it out by
pressure from springs or weights to the burner, and afford light while any
portion of the gas remains in the reservoir or body of the lamp. I provide
for any leakage by means of a pipe leading from the reservoir into the burner
tube, and prevent escape by packings of vulcanized rubber. An outer casing
to the reservoir may be constructed in china, metal, or otherwise, and may be
ornamented in any manner desired. The reservoir is charged under pressure.
These lamps will be highly useful in railway and other carriages, wagons,
vans, &c.
MANUFACTURING LIQUID FARM MANURE, AND RENDERING IT AS EFFICIENT AS ANY ARTIFICIAL MANURE AT A SMALL EXPENSE TO THE FARMER
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John McMaster and William
Wilson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 21st August 1857.
We, JOHN MCMASTER, Farmer, at Caldons, in the Parish of Stoneykirk,
and WILLIAM WILSON, residing at Whithorn, both in the County of Wigtown,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "MANUFACTURING
LIQUID FARM MANURE, AND RENDERING IT AS EFFICIENT AS ANY ARTIFICIAL MANURE
AT A SMALL EXPENSE TO THE FARMER," to be as follows, viz. :-
First, to a proportion of two hundred and fifty gallons of cattle, horse.
or other urine, there is to be added half a hundredweight of a mineral found.
on the farm of Caldons, in the said Parish of Stoneykirk, which it is proposed
shall be called the Caldon mineral, or of gypsum, alum, or other mineral
suitable as a fixture, and fourteen pounds of sulphuric acid, and when settled
down, the whole is to be filtered with peat charcoal or carbon.
Second, the liquor when filtered is to be conveyed to an air furnace for the
purpose of evaporating and condensing the ammonia with a mineral acid
which is obtained in the course of the process.
Third, the salts in the filter box are then to be mixed with the ammonia,
and the whole precipitated together.
Fourth, the salts of the urine are next to be added together and evaporated
till dry, at a heat not exceeding 200° F., when a powder is obtained which as
a manure is similar in its effects to guano.

page_text: Fifth, for effecting the above process an apparatus has been invented by the
Declarators, consisting of a filtering box from which the residuum of the first
process is conveyed to a retort in or over an air furnace, from whence the
ammonia is evaporated into a receiver, where the salts of the ammonia are
precipitated, and the whole added together and evaporated in a furnace
or sand bath till a dry powder is obtained, as described in the above Specifi-
cation.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GUNPOWDER
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederic Koehler at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th June 1857.
I, FREDERIC KOEHLER, of No. 3, Finsbury Place, in the City of London,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
GUNPOWDER" to be as follows :—
The new gunpowder is formed from the following ingredients:-
I. A newly discovered salt, whose chemical composition is as follows:―
Oxygen
Chlorid
-
38-51
-
29.76
Kalium
-
31-73
100.00
or any kali oxymuriaticum.
II. Sulphur.
III. Charcoal.
Those three substances powdered very fine and mixed together in the pro-
portions of
70 parts of salt,
20
"
of sulphur,
10
of charcoal,
"
or any other proportions, produce instantly a gunpowder without further
manufacturing.

page_text: The ordinary powder produced by this system has increased power and
weight, and is better for keeping. In case of need it is sufficient simply to
mix those ingredients together; and there is this further advantage, that the
powder is not inflammable or likely to explode, as the single ingredients alone
are only inflammable but not explosive.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CAST STEEL
Year: 1857

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Mushet at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st March
1857.
I, ROBERT MUSHET, of Coleford, in the County of Gloucester, Metallurgist,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF CAST STEEL," to be as follows:-
When iron ore, deoxydized by cementation with carbonaceous matter, is by
any convenient method or process manufactured or converted into cast steel,
the ingots of it are sometimes found to crack upon being subjected to the
action of hammers or rollers, or to be otherwise defective.
For the purpose of obviating these defects and improving the quality of
such cast steel, I add to the deoxydized iron ore when heated (with or without
an admixture of carbonaceous matter) to such a temperature as will reduce
or melt the metal, or thereabouts, a triple compound or material consisting of
or containing iron, manganese, and carbon, also heated in a similar manner;
and after the deoxydized iron ore and triple compound or material have been
melted and blended together, I pour the metal into moulds for producing
ingots or articles of the desired shapes and sizes. I prefer to add this triple
compound to the deoxydized iron ore when they are both in a molten fluid
state.
The triple compound or material may consist of cast iron made from iron

page_text: ores containing manganese, and I prefer such cast iron as contains a con-
siderable quantity of manganese. The compound may, however, be produced
or made in any other manner which may be found to be economical or
convenient.
A NEW OR IMPROVED MODERATOR LAMP
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Austin Usher at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th May 1857.
I, ALFRED AUSTIN USHER, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Ironmonger, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "A NEW OR
IMPROVED MODERATOR LAMP," to be as follows:-
My new or improved moderator lamp consists of two chambers, one situated
within the other. The piston which raises the oil is situated within the inner
chamber, and by its descent forces the oil through holes in its bottom into
the outer chamber, from which it rises to the wick. Between the outer
chamber and the wick the oil passes through a valve; a screw taper plug in
the said valve permits of the regulation of the supply of oil to the burner. The
spring by which the piston is depressed is similar to a clock or bottlejack
spring, and is fixed at the bottom of the lamp. In the centre of the spring a
screwed rod is situated, which said screw passes up the axis of the lamp. In
the piston is a concave screw, in which the said screwed rod engages.
In winding up the spring, the piston is screwed to the top of the lamp, the oil
passing under the piston, and as the spring uncoils itself it turns the screwed
rod and brings down the piston, so as to press upon the oil and raise it to the
wick. A square or angular tube on the top of the piston passes through a
shoulder of corresponding form to prevent the rotation of the piston. The

page_text: foot is attached to the body of the lamp by means of a flange screw, so that
ready access can be gained to the interior of the lamp for cleaning. The wick
of the lamp is made of asbestos, and the burner is made with several small
tubes passing through the centre to admit air to pass through to support
combustion. Or a wick made like the ordinary moderator lamp wick may be
employed.
AN IMPROVED UNION JOINT
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Allen and John Gibson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
2nd June 1857.
We, JAMES ALLEN, of the City of Machester, in the County of Lancaster,
Brassfounder and Coppersmith, and JOHN GIBSON, of the same Place, Brass-
founder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
UNION JOINT," to be as follows:
Instead of placing the hose over portions of metal piping and fastening them
with wire or other material, we pass each end of the hose at once, without any
intermediate pipe, into the interior of the socket of each of the joints, which
interior is of a conical form. In the inside of the hose which fits the coned
part of the socket a conical ring is placed, and pressed tight against the hose
end by means of a screwed washer, thereby holding the hose fast and making
it water-tight. The operation is the same with both the male and female
union joints, which are screwed together in the usual manner. By this con-
trivance we effect a considerable saving in the first cost of the joint, as we
dispense entirely with the lapping or fastening with wire, and also preserve the
hose from the injury it is subject to by the present process.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-PLACES OR STOVES
Year: 1857

page_text: www
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Young at tho Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th February
1857.
I, WILLIAM YOUNG, of Queen Street, in the City of London, Patent Vesta
Lamp Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-PLACES OR STOVES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in an improved method of arranging fire-places
or stoves, so that the fuel may be supplied to the under part of the fire in
order that the smoke which it produces in burning may be destroyed by the
heated fuel at the top of the fire. For this purpose, in place of using fixed
bars to close the grate or fire basket, at the bottom I employ a cylinder of
bars rotating on a horizontal axis, and it is the upper surface of this cylinder
of bars which forms the bottom of the grate or fire basket. Behind or at
one side of the fire is a hopper for containing the fuel, and this hopper is
also closed at the bottom by the cylinder of bars before mentioned, but it
is open at the lower part of one side to the grate or fire basket. Thus it
will be seen that when the cylinder of bars is caused to rotate it will carry
the fuel from the hopper into the grate or fire basket. In place of the
cylinder of bars any other arrangements of travelling bars may be employed.
AN IMPROVED SOAP, TO WHICH I GIVE THE NAME OF RHEUMO-ARTHRITIC SOAP
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isaac Oschinsky at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th August
1857.
I, ISAAC OSCHINSKY, of 16, Old Broad Street, in the City of London, and
6d, Neue Taschenstrasse, in Breslau, in Prussia, Manufacturer of Refined
Soaps, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
SOAP, TO WHICH I GIVE THE NAME OF RHEUMO-ARTHRITIC SOAP," to be as follows,
that is to say:-
My improvements consist of a peculiar mode of manufacturing soap, with
the object of combining camphire and ammoniac with soap, so that a complete
or perfect combination of the said two ingredients is produced. I therefore,
intend to claim the manufacture of an improved soap, produced by com-
bining with the materials commonly used in the manufacture of soap camphire
and ammoniac. This soap has proved extremely beneficial in all common
disorders of the skin.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FORGING AND ROLLING IRON WHEELS FOR RAILWAYS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alphonse Coutant at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th May
1857.
I, ALPHONSE COUTANT, of Paris, in the Empire of France, Iron Master,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
FORGING AND ROLLING IRON WHEELS FOR RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in forging and manufacturing railway wheels
entirely of wrought iron or steel in a single piece without spokes. The wheel
is formed at first either by bending or coiling bars, or forming a lump either
with scrap iron or refined cast iron, so as to have a suitable round boss, which
is carried into a heating furnace, and when at the proper degree of heat it is
welded and shaped under a steam hammer to form a wheel blank of the
required shape and size, a round hole being also punched out through the
centre; the blank is then carried back into a furnace to be again heated,
whence it is rolled out to its final shape under a special train of rollers, shown
on the annexed Drawing, which is a longitudinal section thereof. a is the
main driving shaft, communicating motion by cog wheels to the rolling shafts d
and g. The upper rolling shaft d, d', is raised by a hand movement, composed
of a piniou Q, which gears into the wheels N & N', and the setting screws
M&M'.

page_text: The wheel blank t, t', is then entered between the cylinders; being placed on
a gudgeon 8, fixed upon a cross piece s', the wheel can turn freely on the
gudgeon 8, when the rollers n, o, n', o', are set in motion, squeezing the wheel
between them. The rollers revolve with their shafts d, g, d', g', and on which
they travel to and fro from the centre of the wheel towards its circumference,
and vice versa.
The rollers n and n' are made to revolve in contrary directions in order to
cause the blank wheel to revolve on its centre; their shafts must be in two
pieces, entering into one another, as shewn on the Figure, for the upper and
lower rollers, the shafts being worked by seperate gearing.
The rollers n, n', o, o', are propelled to and fro by right and left handed
screws, the screws working in nuts cut in the collars r, r, r', r', on the rollers
n, o, n', o, and which revolve freely in the said collars.
The shafts of the propelling screws are provided with cog wheels gearing
alternately with the pinions x, x, y, y', keyed on the rolling shafts d, d', 9, 9',
to drive the rollers either way, according to the requirements. When the
wheel has reached its diameter the rim is rounded off by the rollers p, q.
If the wheel is not to be fitted with a flanged rim it is rounded off by
suitably shaped rollers p', q'.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ZINCING OR COATING METALS WITH ZINC, AND IN CLEANING METALS
Year: 1857

page_text: Inis Inventio
L
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th March 1857.-A communication.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, E. C., Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ZINCING OR COATING METALS WITH ZINC, AND IN
CLEANING METALS," (communicated to me by a foreigner residing abroad), to be
as follows:-
This Invention, as far as relates to the zincing of iron, is based upon the
fact that iron possesses the property of precipitating zinc from its solutions.
The following are the different methods of carrying the Invention into
effect,
1st, the iron being cleaned is rubbed by the aid of a cork or other suitable
substance with an amalgam of zinc in powder, which, to produce a better
effect, though not absolutely necessary, has been digested in hydrochloric acid,
with an excess of ammonia in the state of salt, which is preferable, or of liquid.
Chloride of zinc may be advantageously substituted for hydrochloric acid.
This zincing may be effected very rapidly, all the substances being cold, but
if heated the coating appears stronger and more resisting.
2nd, the same combination as the first, but instead of taking a pure
amalgam of zine, made as is well known with mercury in a metallic state, I

page_text: use zinc in powder and a salt of mercury dissolved in hydrochloric acid; the
amalgam is formed and the mercury is no longer in excess, which might be
somewhat dangerous in a prolonged use of this process.
after being digested for some
3rd, this solution is composed of zinc in powder, and of ammoniacal salt in
excess in chloride of zinc with excess of acid. Here the zinc does not dissolve
but remains in a state of small particles, and
time in this solution it adheres to the iron by friction. A piece of iron plunged
in this solution heated becomes zinced in a few minutes, but if cold in 24 hours.
4th, chloride of zine and amalgam, the zincing takes place cold and without
the necessity of cleaning the metal.
5th, the same solution heated with the addition of ammoniacal salt, the
zincing takes place rapidly without cleaning. A mercurial salt may be
substituted for mercury in a metallic state, and chloride of lime or potash may
be substituted for ammoniacal salt.
By heating the articles zinced the mercury may be made to entirely
disappear, and then the zinc alone remains.
This Invention also consists in the employment of mercury as an excitant
and powerful auxilary, especially when used with ammoniacal salt for
cleaning iron; thus for example, in a bath of muriatic or sulphuric acid
intended for cleaning a metal, a small quantity of mercury is to be added and
a dose of ammonia, varying according to the quantity of acid employed, and
the surface to be cleaned.
A WIND MUSICAL INSTRU-MENT
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Stanislas Jules Count Ostrorog at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th December 1857.
I, STANISLAS JULES Count OSTROROO, of Paris, in the Empire of France, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A WIND MUSICAL INSTRU-
MENT," to be as follows:-
This Invention has reference to that class of wind instruments in which the
notes are produced by the vibration of metal tongues when acted upon by
currents of air, and consists of two cases fitting into each other, the front case
or box containing the sonorous mechanism, valves, and key board, and the
posterior case or box containing the bellows and reservoir for supplying the
air necessary for the vibration of the metal tongues. In the interior of the
front case I fix a double sounding board, in which is set a double series of
vibrating tongues in communication with valves attached to the keys. In
the front of the instrument and above the key board are two small knobs or
buttons in connection with two rods in the interior of the case; upon these
rods are fixed, at suitable distances along their length, a number of fingers
having pads at their extremities; upon the buttons being pressed in, the rods
are caused to turn slightly round, carrying in their movement the fingers
before mentioned, the extremities of which cover one series of tongues; when

page_text: both series are required to be in action the buttons are drawn back, thus
raising the fingers from off the tongues. To the back part of the posterior
caso I fix two bellows, which moving alternately, supply air to a reservoir
bellows contained in the case, the face of this reservoir presses against two
spiral springs fixed to the back part of the front case, and under the pressure
of which the air contained in the reservoir passes through a short leathern
tube into the front case. When not required for use the air in the bellows and
reservoir may be allowed to escape by opening a small valve, thus permitting
the reservoir to collapse; the front case may then be pushed back into the
posterior case; the other parts of the instrument may be easily detached and
packed in a box of small compass.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ENVELOPES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Archer at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th September
1857.
I, HENRY ARCHER, of Gloucester Street, Pimlico, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ENVELOPES," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in envelopes has for its object to form
and prepare these articles in such a manner that when they are closed and
secured they cannot be opened and closed again without the evidence of such
operations having taken place being perfectly clear to the most casual
observation.
This security is obtained by scoring or cutting wholly or partially through
and into strips the lappel or that part of the envelope which, when the
envelope is closed is attached or stuck down by any convenient cement to the
body of the article. By thus scoring or cutting the lappel of the article into a
number of strips, the difficulty of removing the lappel from the body of the
envelope so as to gain access to the interior, and of replacing the same in its
original state, is such that any attempt to tamper with the article would at
once be evident. In addition to this I propose, if required, to make use of an
adhesive cement or preparation, which by resisting the ordinary processes for

page_text: dissolving or softening the same will greatly increase the difficulty of detaching
the strips of the lappel from the body of the envelope, and by these means
produce a really safety envelope at about the same price as envelopes of the
ordinary kind now cost.