Improvements in or connected with the Construction of Ships and other Metal Plated Structures.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 4th Oct., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 4th July, 1893-Accepted, 2nd Sept., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with the Construction of Ships and
other Metal Plated Structures.
We, HENRY TURNER, of 51, Moscow Drive, Stoneycroft, near Liverpool,
Engineer, WILLIAM BAYLIFF, of the Wirral Foundry, Beaufort Road, Birken-
head, in the County of Chester, Engineer, and THOMAS DUTTON BAYLIFF, also
of the Wirral Foundry, aforesaid, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows :-
-
This invention has reference to the construction of the hulls, divisions, bulk-
heads, decks, joints and other similar parts of ships and to other metal plated
structures, and has for its object the construction thereof in such a manner that the
joints of the plating of the various parts, and the framings etcetera shall be
thoroughly firm and secure and shall be capable of being easily joined and
rivetted up wholly or mainly by hydraulic or other power rivetting machinery.
According to this invention the plates used in the plating of the shell or other
part of a ship or other structure are in the form of or approaching that of a
rhombus, the acute angular ends of the plates being cut off parallel with the minor.
axis of the plate to allow for the abutting of the several plates. The whole of
the plates of the structure are of the form of this rhombus figure with the
exception of the plating of the top and bottom of the structure; for example, in
the case of a ship, the upper and under edge of the shear and garboard streakes
respectively. The plates are flanged on their parallel sides, portions of the flange
being cut away to allow for the framing of the structure, wherever such framing
may come. The ends of the plates are not flanged so as to allow for butt straps.
The framing of the ship or structure may be of the usual kind. In plating
the structure, the flanged sides of the plates abut and can be and are preferably
rivetted together by hydraulic or other power rivetting machinery, the plates
being alao rivetted to the frames by like machinery, when practicable, or by
hand.
That this invention may be practically understood, we will describe it more
particularly with reference to ship-building to which it is particularly applicable.
In this case, the upright frames or skeleton of the ship are of the usual known
angle iron construction, the frames being erected and set up in the ordinary way.
The plates of rhombus, or approximately rhombus, figure, above described, are
prepared in the ship yard in the following manner :-
They are taken to the skeleton of the ship and placed in the position they are
to occupy; or a wooden template may be made and the finished side of the plate
then scribed from the template all round the plate; also the position of the flanges of
the frames of the structure, and the spaces to admit such frames are then cut out
and the side edges of the plate are then flanged or bent by suitable tools or
machinery.
The cutting away of the parts of the plates to admit of the flanges of the frame
may be performed either before or after the flanges are bent. This cutting away
permits the plates to fit closely to the sides of the frames. The flanges on the
plates being in sections, and not in one continuous piece, are when the plates are
set up, connected together and to the frame of the ship by short lengths of angle
iron.
The angle of the plates can be varied to suit the width of the plate and the
portion of the ship to which it is to be applied.
The plates are rivetted to the frames and to each other by the angle flanges,
'

page_text: the abutting ends of the plates being connected together by butt straps and rivets,
the form of plate reducing the size of the butt strap to a minimum.
The plating presents a flush outside surface, and the diagonal flanging of the
plates provides great additional strength to the structure by acting as diagonal or
cross bracing,
The angled form of the plates insures their fitting closely together, and by
means of permitting mechanical rivetting a perfectly close and secure joint can be
obtained.
The decks and bulk-heads of the ship may be plated in like manner to the shell
of the hull of the ship, and in plating the ship the plates are preferably arranged
so that the major axis of a streak of plating preferably comes in line with the
under deck lines of the ship, so that said deck intersects a line of plating.
Dated this 3rd day of October 1892.
CHEESBROUGH & ROYSTON, Fels. Chart. Inst. P.A.,
15, Water Street, Liverpool, Applicants' Patent Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with the Construction of Ships and
other Metal Plated Structures.
We, HENRY TURNER, formerly of 51, Moscow Drive, Stoneycroft, near
Liverpool, but at present of 26, Holland Street, Fairfield, near Liverpool, in the
County of Lancaster, Engineer, WILLIAM BAYLIFF, of the Wirral Foundry,
Beaufort Road, Birkenhead, in the County of Chester, Engineer, and THOMAS
DUTTON BAYLIFF, also of the Wirral Foundry, aforesaid, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
This invention has reference to the construction of the hulls, divisions, bulk-
heads, decks, joints, and to other similar parts of ships and to other metal plated
structures, and has for its object the construction thereof in such a manner that
the joints of the plating of the various parts, and the framing, etcetera, shall be
thoroughly firm and secure and shall be capable of being easily joined and rivetted
up wholly or mainly by hydraulic or other power rivetting machinery.
According to this invention the plates used in the plating of the shell or other
part of a ship or other structure are in the form of, or approximating that of a
rhombus, the acute angular ends of the plates being cut off parallel with the minor
axis of the plate to allow for the abutting of the several plates. The whole of
the plates of the structure are of the form of this rhombus figure with the exception
of the plating of the top and bottom of the structure; for example, in the case of
a ship, the upper and under edge of the shear and garboard streakes respectively.
The plates are flanged on their parallel sides, portions of the flange being cut away
to allow for the framing of the structure, wherever such framing may come.
ends of the plates are not flanged so as to allow for butt-straps.
'The
The framing of the ship or structure may be of the usual kind. In plating the
structure, the flanged sides of the plates abut and can be and are preferably rivetted
together by hydraulic or other power rivetting machinery, the plates being also
rivetted to the frames by like machinery, where practicable, or by hand.
That this invention may be practically understood, we will describe it more
particularly with reference to ship-building to which it is particularly applicable.
In this case the upright frame or skeleton of the ship is of the usual known
angle iron construction, the frames being erected and set up in the ordinary way.
The plates of the rhombus, or approximately a rhombus figure, above described,
are prepared in the ship yard in the following manner.
They are taken to the skeleton of the ship and placed in the position they are to

page_text: occupy; or a wooden template may be made and the finished side of the plate then
scribed from the template all round the plate; also the position of the flanges of
the frames of the structure, and the spaces to admit such frames are then cut out
and the side edges of the plate are then flanged or bent by suitable tools or
machinery.
The cutting away of the parts of the plates to admit of the flanges of the frame
may be performed either before or after the flanges are bent. This cutting away
permits the plate to fit closely to the sides of the frames. The flanges on the
plates being in sections and not in one continuous piece, are, when the plates are
set up, connected together and to the frame of the ship by short lengths of angle
iron.
The angle of the plates can be varied to suit the width of the plate and the
portion of the ship to which it is to be applied.
The plates are rivetted to the frames and to each other by the angle flanges, the
abutting ends of the plates being connected together by butt straps and rivets,
the form of plate reducing the size of the butt strap to a minimum.
The plating presents a flush outside surface, and the diagonal Hanging of the
plates provides great additional strength to the structure by acting as diagonal.
or cross bracing.
The angled form of the plates insures their fitting closely together, and by
means of permitting mechanical rivetting a perfectly close and secure joint can
be obtained.
The decks and bulkheads of the ship may be plated in like manner to the shell
of the hull of the ship, and in plating the ship the plates are preferably arranged
so that the major axis of a streak of plating preferably comes in line with the
under deck lines of the ship, so that said deck intersects a line of plating.
In the drawings which serve to illustrate this invention,
Figure 1 is an elevation illustrating the inside of the side of a ship or vessel.
constructed under this invention; and
Figure 2 is a cross section in plan at A A Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a transverse section of the side of the ship shewn in Figure 1, to
a larger scale; and
Figures 4 and 5 are transverse sections of the floor and keel of the ship.
Figure 6 is a view of a plate of rhombus shape according to the invention,
constructed in the form it is applied and used in building ships.
Referring to the drawings, A are the plates of rhombus shape fitted together,
and forming the side of a ship, as shewn in Figure 1, whilst A' shew plates
constituting the shear streak of the vessel. B are the butt-straps fastening the
ends of the plates A together, said straps being on the inside of the plates only;
whilst B are butt straps fastening the ends of the plates A¹ together. C are the
frames of the vessel; and D are the beams of the ship; E, E, being upper and
lower decks.
In Figure 5, F is the centre keelson, H is the keel, and A' are the garboard
streaks; and in Figure 4, G is a side keelson.
Regarding the plates, and their mode of fastening, strengthening, and rivetting,
each plate is made as shewn in Figure 6; that is to say, the plates are each formed
or cut to the shape, or approximate shape, of a rhombus, and have gaps cut in them
at a at the parts where the frames C will come in the ship or structure, the plate
taking, before being completed, the shape as represented by the outside dotted lines
shewn in this figure. The parts a² at the edge of the plate are then turned up at
right angles to the body of the plate as shewn, and thus constitute interrupted
flanges at each edge. This flanging will be effected by hand or in a press whilst
the plate is hot, and preferably so effected, that the angle of the flange outside will
be sharp, as shewn in Figures 3 and 4, so that when the plates are rivetted up, a
truly flush surface outside will be presented. This refers both to the sides and
floors of the ship.
One way of obtaining the sharp outside angle is by thickening in any known

page_text: way the metal of the plate where the angle will come and then forcing the metal
by hand swaging or by a power press, with a die or dies of corresponding form to
produce such angle..
In lieu of forming the parts or flanges a² as just described, such flanges or parts
may be formed by pieces of angle bar, as shewn in Figures 6 and 6B rivetted to a
plain rhombus shaped plate the end of the web of such angle bars being turned up
to serve in lieu of the elbows a³ a'.
The plates A are rivetted together at their flanges a² inside the ship, and they
are also rivetted to the frames C, viz., to the outer flange thereof, vertically;
whilst the webs are fastened to the frames by rivetting, by elbow brackets aand a*.
The elbows a³ are of special make as shewn to take the edges of the flanges a² and
to fill up the space between the ends of the flanges fastened by these elbows, and
the web of the frames C; whilst the elbows a secured to the ends of the adjacent
flanges, abut against the inner angle bar of the frame C, and are fastened to the
web thereof through such angle bar, and a liner a³ between the web and the elbow.
The butt-straps B are flanged at each top and bottom edge, and are made of a
form to lie between the flanges a at the ends of two abutting plates A; and they
are rivetted to the flanges of said plates by their flanges b¹, and to the ends of the
body of the plate A also, as shewn.
It will thus be seen that the plates A are rivetted together at the top and bottom
edges by the flanges a², and at their ends by the butt-straps B, both to the body of
the plate and to the flanges a² thereof; and that they are also fastened by
rivetting to the frames C and to the web thereof through their flanges a², by the
elbows a³ a¹.
The garboard streaks A¹ are similarly secured by rivetting to the flanges of
their adjacent plates A, to the butt-straps B¹, and to the frames C.
The decks E are secured to the frames C by the beams D in the usual way,
which are rivetted at their ends to the frames C.
All the rivetting of the inside flanges of the plates and some other pieces or
parts can be effected by portable hydraulic, pneumatic, or other power rivetting
machines, inside the ship; and thus a great saving of cost as regards rivetting can
be effected, at the same time producing a vessel or structure of greater strength
than the ordinary ships, both longitudinally and otherwise.
•
In forming plates for special parts of vessels, of course the plates can be shaped
to any desired form by template or by other known means to suit such parts.
°
It will be seen with reference to the drawings that the lower deck E comes at
and is connected to the plates A along the major axis of a streak of plating, the
plates being arranged of such size as to provide for this arrangement.
The construction herein described is applicable to structures having flanged
plates or to plates of other shapes than the rhombus as well as to structures with
rhombus shaped plates such for instance as rectangular plates, and is claimed in or
by the claiming clauses including the Specification.
It will be plain from the illustrations of construction of ship herein described,
how such construction may be applied to metal plated structures other than ships,
such as caissons, pontoons, dock and lock gates, bridges, gas and liquid holders, and
other vessels, and analogous structures. It may also be used in parts of ships
either for the outside skin or parts thereof; or inside portions, ballast tanks, &c.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is :-
1. A ship or other metal plated structure, having its skin or part of its skin (or
other part thereof) built of plates A with a plurality or a series of flanges, i.e. an
interrupted flange projecting inwards, which flanges are rivetted together;
substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
2. A ship or other plated metal structure having its skin or a part of its skin
(or other part thereof) built of plates A with flanges (a) formed or provided

page_text: thereon and gaps between such flanges; and frames (such as C) fitting in or passing
through such gaps; said plates being rivetted together by the said flanges and to
the said frames; substantially as set forth.
3. As an improved plate for ships and other plated structures or parts of
structures, a rhombus shaped plate with flanges a' thereon at right angles thereto;
as and for the purposes set forth.
4. A ship or other metal plated structure having its skin built of plates of the
form of a rhombus, and with flanges projecting inwards, rivetted together, and
flanged butt-straps at the end of said plates by which such ends are by the flanges
and plate proper connected together by rivetting; substantially as set forth.
5. The new or improved construction of ship or navigable vessel set forth with
reference to the drawings, consisting of the plates A A', with flanges, and of the
form specified, rivetted together, and frames C, to which said plates are rivetted,
and constituting the sides and bottom of the ship (or either of them), with a flush
exterior surface.
Dated this 3rd day of July 1893
CHEESBROUGH & ROYSTON, Fels. Chart. Inst. P.A.,
15, Water Street, Liverpool, Applicants' Patent Agents.