Improvements in Apparatus for Condensing and Cooling Purposes.
Year: 1887

page_text: [Communicated from abroad by EDUARD THEISEN, of Cologne on the Rhine, in the
Empire of Germany, Engineer.]
Improvements in Apparatus for Condensing and Cooling Purposes.
I HENRY EDWARD NEWTON of the Office for Patents, 6 Bream's Buildings,
Chancery Lane in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
In the specification of Letters Patent granted to me, and dated March 1st 1886.
No. 2927, apparatus for condensing and cooling purposes is described, in which a
given quantity of cold, warm, or even hot water or liquid is used as a medium in
order to withdraw the cold from the air or atmosphere by continuously renewed
contact therewith, the given quantity of the medium liquid being maintained by the
addition of only such a percentage as will be lost by evaporation. For carrying out
this condensing and cooling process, apparatus is shown consisting of a combination
of the following three elements, viz., a vessel to receive the condensing or cooling
liquid, into which vessel a hollow body or bodies is or are inserted, receiving through
a properly arranged inlet the steam or gas to be condensed or the liquid to be cooled,
and a series of rotating discs or other "lifting devices" which serve to lift the
cooling liquid constantly into the air, thereby cooling such liquid and rapidly
extracting the heat from the contents of the hollow bodies.
Now the present invention consists in improved apparatus for effecting the condensing
and cooling operations above referred to, which improved apparatus will prove to be
extremely efficacious for the purpose.
In carrying out this invention, the hollow bodies for receiving the steam or gas to
be condensed, or the liquid to be cooled, are placed in vessels which also receive the
cooling liquids, and the discs, drums, or other lifting devices. If drums are employed,
they may have perforated circumferences, one closed side wall, and one side wall with
a central opening, through which opening air enters and passes upward through the
drum, the air being propelled either by draught, suction, or pressure. These lifting

page_text: devices, which cause the cooling liquid to be raised in thin films, preferably work in
separate vessels (two, three, or more), the side walls of which are partly open,
corresponding to the central entrances of the drums, and short tubing may be
arranged to form the airway from the wall to the drum. By employing separate sets
of lifting devices, a very energetic cooling process of the cooling liquid will take
place.
While the cooled down water is conducted into the vessel to act on the hollow
bodies, and is afterwards pumped back by a pump into the vessel containing the
lifting devices, the air is carried away by a chimney or funnel, the lower part of which
may be provided with a perforated bottom, and may be filled with ice, so as to lower
the temperature of the air, for its use for any purpose in its cooled down condition.
The hollow bodies may consist of vertical tubes for the steam or gas enclosed in a
suitable vessel or of concentrically placed cylinders, the alternate annular spaces
between such cylinders serving as condensing chambers and cooling liquid chambers.
The lifting devices are placed in separate vessels, the centre part of the groups of
lifting devices or discs being open, and of such diameter as to form a conical air
passage, so that the air, which may be blown in by a ventilator, is caught by all the
interstices between the single discs. The discs or lifting devices may be made slightly
conical, instead of straight, by which means a straighter draught of air 15
accomplished.
The lifting devices may consist of a series of concentric hollow truncated cones,
mounted on a horizontal axle, and above the hollow bodies, in one and the same vessel.
On the bottom of the latter, the hollow bodies are arranged as a group of pipes with
inlet chamber for steam or gas, and outlet chamber for product of condensation at
opposite ends of the pipes. The grouping of these pipes (hollow bodies) may
correspond to the outer form of the lifting device. The air will be driven through the
lifting device, and will he thus brought into intimate contact with the cooling liquid,
so that the liquid will continuously act to cool the hollow bodies.
The conical lifting devices may be replaced by perforated drums, or by discs, or a
group of dises, and the condensing chambers or hollow bodies may consist of hollow
bodies formed of undulated sheets. In any case, the main feature will be maintained,
viz. the hollow bodies, the lifting devices, and the cooling liquid, all within one
vessel, the lifting devices being arranged or working above the hollow bodies.
Dated this 6th day of December 1887.
NEWTON & SON,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: Improvements in Apparatus for Condensing and Cooling Purposes.
I HENRY EDWARD NEWTON of the Office for Patents, 6 Bream's Buildings,
Chancery Lane in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
In the specification of Letters Patent granted to me and dated March 1st 1886,
No. 2927, apparatus for condensing and cooling purposes is described, in which a
given quantity of cold, warm, or even hot water or liquid, is used as a medium, in
order to withdraw the cold from the air or atmosphere by continuously renewed
contact therewith, the given quantity of the medium liquid being maintained by the
addition of only such a percentage as will be lost by evaporation. For carrying out
this condensing and cooling process, apparatus is shown consisting of a combination
of the following three elements, viz. a vessel to receive the condensing or cooling
liquid, into which vessel a hollow body or bodies is or are inserted, receiving through
a properly arranged inlet the steam or gas to be condensed or the liquid to be cooled,
and a series of rotating discs or other "lifting devices," which serve to lift the
cooling liquid constantly into the air, thereby cooling such liquid, and rapidly
extracting the heat from the contents of the hollow bodies.
Now the present invention consists in improved apparatus for effecting the
condensing and cooling operations above referred to, which improved apparatus will
prove to be extremely efficacious for the purpose.
In the accompanying drawings,
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section, and
Fig. 2 a cross section of one arrangement of apparatus for working the process of
condensing and cooling fluids.
The remaining figures show modifications of apparatus for effecting the same
purpose, Fig. 3 being partly a side elevation and partly a sectional elevation. Fig. 4
is an elevation of the right hand end of Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is a partial sectional elevation.
Fig. 6 is a longitudinal section. Fig. 7 is a cross section at the left hand end of
Fig. 6, and Fig. 8 a cross section at the right hand end of Fig. 6.
are the hollow bodies for receiving the steam or gas to be condensed, or the liquid
to be cooled. a and a are the vessels communicating with one another by pipes to
contain the cooling liquid, and to receive respectively the said hollow bodies and the
discs, drums, or other lifting devices S. If drums are employed, they may have
perforated circumferences S1, one closed side wall S", and one side wall S, with a
central opening, through which opening air enters, and passes upward through the
drum in the way indicated by arrows, the air being propelled either by draft, suction,
or pressure. These lifting devices, which cause the cooling liquid to be raised in thin
films, work in separate vessels or compartments (two, three or more) a¹ a² a³, into
which the vessel a' before mentioned may be divided. The sidewalls of these
compartments are partly open, corresponding to the central entrances of the drums,
as seen at a as a, and short tubing may be arranged to form the airways from the
walls to the drums. By the separated action of the lifting devices, a very energetic

page_text: cooling process of the cooling liquid will take place in the subsequent vessels, as also
with the air in the subsequent drums, as the step by step action, or subsequent action
and reaction of air and water, will cause a considerable cooling down of the two
agents. While the cooled down water is conducted into the vessel a to act on the
hollow bodies i, and is afterwards pumped back by a pump m into the vessel a
containing the lifting devices, the air is carried away by a chimney or funnel n, the
lower part of which may be provided with a perforated bottom, and may be filled
with ice, so as to lower the temperature of the air previous to its re-entering into a', or
for its use for any other purpose in its cooled down condition.
The vessels aa² a³ with the lifting devices S1 23
combination, as may be required for the purpose in hand.
may be worked singly or in
It will be obvious that, if desired, the lifting devices S¹ to S³ may, in combination
with the vessels a¹ to a³, be used for air cooling purposes only. In this case, the vessel a,
with its pipe connections, and the hollow bodies will be unnecessary, and may either
be shut off or omitted altogether.
In Fig. 3, the apparatus is made so that the hollow bodies are placed within the
cylinder. The hollow bodies, in this instance, may consist either of vertical tubes
for the steam or gas enclosed in a suitable vessel, with surrounding space for the
cooling water, or of concentrically placed cylinders, the alternate annular spaces
between such cylinders serving as condensing chambers and cooling liquid chambers.
The arrows in downward direction indicate, in , the way of the steam or gas to be
condensed, or of the products of condensation, whereas the upward arrows indicate
the way of the cooling liquid, which is forced by the pump m from a through, and
returned into a¹. The lifting devices S S₁ are also placed in separate vessels a¹ a", the
centre part of the groups of lifting devices or discs S S being open, the opening
being of such varying diameters as to form a conical air passage, so that the air,
which may be blown in by a fan a³, is caught by all the interstices between the single
discs. In Fig. 4, the vessels a¹ a² are closed on all sides with the exception of the
entrance and outlet of air. In Fig. 5, the discs or lifting devices are shown as
slightly conical, instead of straight, by which means a straighter draught of air can
be obtained.
As shown in Figs, 6, 7, and 8, the lifting devices may consist of a series of
concentric hollow truncated cones mounted on a horizontal axle, and above the hollow
bodies, in one and the same vessel a. On the bottom of the latter, the hollow
bodies are arranged as a group of pipes 7, with inlet chamber for steam or gas, and
outlet chamber for product of condensation, at opposite ends of the pipes. The
grouping of these pipes (hollow bodies) may correspond to the outer form of the
lifting device. The air will be driven through the rotating lifting devices, and will be
thus brought into intimate contact with the cooling liquid passing through in the
opposite direction, so that the liquid will continuously act to cool the hollow bodies i.
The conical lifting devices may be replaced by perforated drums (Figs. 1 and 2), or
by discs, or a group of discs (Figs. 3 and 5), and the condensing chambers or
hollow bodies, which, in Figs. 7, 8 are designed as tubes or groups of tubes, may
consist of hollow bodies formed of undulated or corrugated sheets. In any case, the
main feature will be maintained, viz. the hollow bodies, the lifting devices, and the
cooling liquid, all within one vessel a, the lifting devices being arranged or working
above the hollow bodies.
The lifting devices may be driven by hand or mechanical power, according to the
size of the apparatus and requirements.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to me by
my foreign correspondent, I declare that what I claim is :-
1. In apparatus for cooling or condensing liquids or fluids, the use of two or more
lifting devices or sets of lifting devices, each device. or set being arranged in a
separate vessel or compartment for containing the cooling medium, as and for the
purpose set forth.

page_text: 2. In apparatus for cooling or condensing liquids or fluids, the combination of two
or more lifting devices, or sets of lifting devices, separate vessels or compartments in
which such devices or sets of devices are mounted (and which contain the cooling
medium), and one or more hollow bodies to receive the liquids or fluids to be cooled
or condensed, placed in a suitable vessel and surrounded by the cooling medium, as
and for the purpose set forth.
3. The apparatus for cooling or condensing purposes substantially as described and
specified with reference to Figs. 1 and 2.
4. The apparatus for cooling or condensing purposes substantially as described and
specified with reference to Figs. 3, 4 and 5.
5. In apparatus for cooling and condensing liquids or fluids, the combination of a
group of hollow bodies, and lifting devices above such hollow bodies, and a vessel
containing the hollow bodies and the lifting device above said bodies and the cooling
liquid.
6. The apparatus for cooling or condensing purposes substantially as described and
specified with reference to Figs. 6, 7, and 8.
1
1000
NEWTON & SON,
Agents for the Applicant.