NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER BAGS
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Martin Billing, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Stationer, and Frederick Augustus Harwood, of Birmingham
aforesaid, Machinist, for the Invention of "NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINERY
Sealed the 4th July 1856, and dated the 10th January 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Martin Billing and
Frederick Augustus Harwood at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 10th January 1856.
We, MARTIN BILLING, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Stationer,
and FREDERICK AUGUSTUS HARWOOD, of Birmingham aforesaid, Machinist, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINERY
FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER BAGS" to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists of machinery to be worked by hand or other power
for the manufacture of paper bags, and constructed as follows:-The paper to
be made into a bag is first passed under a cylinder, on whose surface is a
shallow depression of the form of that part of the paper to be pasted. The
said cylinder is fed with paste from a trough placed above it, and by the action
of scrapers the paste is removed from all but the sunken parts. By the
action of this cylinder the paste is printed on the paper in the required places.
The paper is delivered vertically between a fixed square mould or block and

page_text: a moveable mould; the moveable mould by a sliding horizontal motion slides
upon and covers three of the vertical sides of the stationary mould, the paper
between the two moulds being bent or folded upon the sides of the stationary
mould. Flaps or doors on the moveable mould next close upon the fourth
side of the stationary mould, and fold the paper thereon; the pasted edge of
the paper, being pressed upon the opposite edge, becomes attached thereto, and
the partially formed bag is pasted in its whole length. In order to close in
and paste the bottom of the bag, four flaps jointed to the bottom horizontal
edges of the moveable mould are brought into operation. The two flaps on
the longest sides of the mould fold in one after the other, and thus lay one
of the opposite edges over the other. The two flaps on the shortest sides of
the mould afterwards close simultaneously, and complete the bag. The said
bag now requires to be removed from the mould. The moveable mould opens
and retires, and the stationary mould by the motion of a wedge in one of its
sides collapses, and the descent of a plunger in the inside of the mould pushes
the bag from the said mould. The wedge-shaped
The wedge-shaped piece moves with the
a moving web and is carried away. The
plunger. The bag is received on
several notions are effected by cambs, levers, and other mechanical agents,
which we do not think it necessary here to describe.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Martin Billing and Frederick Augustus Harwood in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 8th July 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, MARTIN
BILLING, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Stationer, and FREDERICK
AUGUSTUS HARWOOD, of Birmingham aforesaid, Machinist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Tenth day of January, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the nineteenth year of Her reign,
did. for Herself, Iler heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
Martin Billing and Frederick Augustus IIarwood, Ler special licence that
we, the said Martin Billing and Frederick Augustus Harwood, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Martin Billing
and Frederick Augustus Harwood, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and law-

page_text: fully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER
BAGS," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Martin Billing
and Frederick Augustus Harwood, our executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under our or their hands and seals, or under the hand
and seal of one of us or them, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Paterit.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Frederick Augustus Harwood, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, that is to say:- ·
Our Invention consists of the machinery for the manufacture of paper bags,
herein-after described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawing.
Figure 1 represents in side view, Figure 2 a front view, and Figure 3 &
back view of our machine; Figure 4 represents a longitudinal vertical section;"
and Figure 5 represents a horizontal section of the sanie.
The paper to be made into a bag, cut into the proper side, is fed into the
machine by being dropped on to feeding tapes at the point marked a. The
said páper is carried by the said. tapes over the pasting roller 6 (shown
separately in section, together with the paste box, in Figure 1, A). The
roller 6 has depressions made in its surface of the form and size of that portion
of the paper which is to be pasted; the form of these depressions is reprë-
sented in Figure 6. The paste is contained in the box c, and is pressed
against the roller 6 by the piston d and coiled spring e.. f is a scraper, which
removes the paste fromï all excepting the sunken parts of the roller b. The
paper passing between the roller b and the roller g receives paste from the
said roller b. The roller g is covered with an elastic material which presses'
the paper against the roller b:
The pasted paper is delivered vertically
between the mould or block and the moveable-mould i. The mouldi
advancing horizontally, is made to envelope the block on three sides, and
thereby folds the paper round three sides of the said block h. Flaps or doors
kare next made to closo round the front side h¹ of the block h, and thereby
to press the paper thereon. The pasted edge of the paper being pressed
upon, the opposite edge becomes attached thereto, and a square paper-tube'is
thereby formed. In order to close in and paste the bottom of the bag, a

page_text: which another folder m
folder (see Figure 4) advances under the bottom h" of the block h, after
advances in the opposite direction, and folds the
opposite edge under h". Two opposite sides of the bottom end of the tube
aro thus folded on and pasted to one another. After the folders l, m, have
retired, the other two edges of the bottom of the bag are pressed against h¹ by
the flaps n, n, which, turning upon hinges, rise into a horizontal position; the
bottom of the bag is thus closed. The flaps n, n, fall down, the hollow mould
retires, and by the contraction of the block h, as herein-after explained, the
bags falls from the said block and is received upon the web o, by which it is
carried from the machine; p is the main shaft of the machine, from which
the several motions are derived in the following manner:-The motion of the
roller b is effected through the bevil gear 9, axis r, and bevil gear 8. The
advance of the mould is effected by the grooved roller t (see Figure 4),
in which the peg u engages; the said roller t being on the axis of the bevil
wheel w, which receives its motion through the bevil gear x and y, the
closing of the flaps or doors is effected by the arms z, which receive their
motion from the lever 1, which said lever is actuated by the camb 2.
The closing of the flaps n, n, is effected by the levers 8, 8, which receive their
motion from the cambs 4, 4. The motion of the folder is effected by the
arm or lever 5, and the notion of the folder m is effected by the series of
levers marked 6 in Figure 1, the said levers 6 being acted upon by the
camb 7. The several cambs 2, 4, 4, and 7 are situated upon the axis 8,
which is capable of a sliding motion in its bearings, which said sliding motion
brings the several cambs into gearing with the levers on the axis 9, or throws
the said cambs out of gearing with the said levers. The sliding motion of the
axis 8 is effected by the curved groove 10 in the drum 11. One end of
the lever 12 engages in the groove 10, and the other end of the said lever 12
engages between two collars on the axis 8. The motion of the drum 11 is
taken from the axis 11' through the chain 11". The cambs on the axis 8
are thereby brought into gearing with the levers on the axis 9 once during
four revolutions of the said axis 8. The motion of the feeding roll 13 is.
effected by the lever 14 and camb 15, the said roll 13 having an alternating
motion, the said motion in one direction being effected by the lever 14 and
cord 16, and the return notion by the india-rubber springs 17. The dis-
position of the tapes by which the motion of the paper is effected is as
follows:-One series of tapes passes over the rollers 13, 18, and 19, and the
other series of tapes passes over the roller 19, under the roller 18, over the.
rollers b, 25, 20, and 21. Another series of tapes passes over the rollers.
22, 23, and 24, and the last series of tapes passes over the rollers 24 and 26.:

page_text: The endless band o, by which the bags are carried out of the machine passes
over the rollers 27 and 28. The contraction of the block h, whereby the bag
is allowed to slip from the said block, is effected in the following manner:-
The said block consists essentially of two parts, marked respectively 29 and 30
in Figure 4; 29 is fixed, and 30 moveable vertically. As 30 rises, the
distance between its vertical side and the vertical side of 29 diminishes. The
contraction of the block in the opposite direction will be understood by
the section of the said block represented on a larger scale in Figure 7. The
sides of 80 consist of flaps or doors 31, 32, jointed to 30, and drawn inwards
by india-rubber springs 33. Projections 34 formed on the part 29 press out
31 and 32, holding them parallel. When, by the rising of the part 30, the
doors 31, 32, are carried from off the projections 34, the said doors 31 and
82 close inwards, and by thus diminishing the width of the block h, permit
the bag to fall from the said block. The motion of the part 30 of the block
h is effected by a cord, which passing over rollers 35 is attached to the drum
36. The motion of the lever 14 communicates motion to the axis 37 of the
drum 36. By changing the moulds and pasting roll, the machine may be
used for making bags of various sizes.
Having now described the nature of our said Invention, and the manner of
carrying the same into effect, we wish it to be understood that we do not
limit ourselves to the precise details herein described and represented, as the
same may be varied without departing from the nature of our said Invention;
but we claim as our Invention manufacturing paper bags by machinery, in
which the pasting of the paper, and the folding of the said paper upon a
contracting block or mould, are effected by the mechanical combinations
herein described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick Augustus Harwood, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Seventh day of July, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
0
Witness,
GEORGE SHAW.
FREDERICK AUGUSTUS HARWOOD. (L.B.)