IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DRYING AND COOLING
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Herbert John Haddan, of Kensington, Middlesex, for
an invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DRYING AND COOLING."-
A communication from abroad by Frederick Henry Conrad Mey, of Buffalo,
United States.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Herbert John Haddan at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th July 1882.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of Kensington, Middlesex "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR DRYING AND COOLING." A communication from abroad by
Frederick Henry Conrad Mey, of Buffalo, United States
This invention has general reference to driers and coolers; and it consists
essentially in the novel and peculiar combination of parts and details of con-
struction as hereinafter first fully set forth and described and there pointed out in
the claims, reference being had to the drawings hereunto annexed, which form a
part of this specification, and in which Figure 1 is a front elevation, and Figure 2 a
plan of this improved drier and cooler.-Figure 3 is a sectional elevation of
portion of the drying device and conveyor-Figure 4 is a plan of the same.
Figure 5 is a perspective view of a few of the conveyor-links. Figure 6 is a
transverse sectional elevation in line Z-Z of Figure 3.
1.
Like parts are designated by corresponding letters of reference in all the figures.
A in these drawings represents a suitable frame work for this improved drier and
cooler, consisting of properly arranged uprights A', crosspieces B, B', longitudinal
beams C C, and diagonals D, all as indicated in Figures 1 and 2, or any other
approved and convenient construction.
Within this frame-work I provide a series of fixed box-shaped compartments E
(Figures 1, 3 and 6) the number of which depends upon the capacity which the
drier &c., is to possess, said compartment E having side-walls E E, the upper
extremity of which is bent into the shape of the letter U as indicated in Figures 3
and 6 at F. The top side of these compartments is left open, said side being
subsequently closed by a travelling or moving platform as hereinafter to be
Price Gill

page_text: referred to. Within the compartment E I place a suitable number of angle pieces
or other supporting members (rails &c.) G G to which, in turn, are secured a series
of gudgeons, H each of which carries two rollers or sheaves, I I', which again,
support shafts K carrying supporting-sheaves, J upon which an endless conveyor
or apron is carried.
In the higher part of these compartments, which are suitably inclined in
alternately opposite directions as shown in Figure 1, are arranged two shafts L L¹
having sprocket or other guide or driving wheels M, while in the other lower part
of these compartments there is also a shaft M carrying wheels L". Over these
wheels M M L passes an endless apron, consisting, of a series of slats, P, secured
to an endless chain or belt, consisting, of a series of links Q, connecting links Q1,
the links being hinged together by means of pins or bolts q all as clearly shown in
Figure 4. On the connecting links Q' and Q" are formed plates, R, upon which
the slats Pare fastened in any convenient and desirable manner.
The extremities of the slats P are upwardly bent at P¹ which part P¹ passes
through the space F formed by the U shaped sides E¹.
Into the compartments E hot or cold air is forced by any suitable blowing
engine (not shown) through the pipes S S' and T which air escapes through the
nozzles into the upper part of said compartments and escapes through the
interstices or spaces U between the slats P as shown in Figure 3.
On the shafts L and M' are pullies V, Figure 1, connected by a chain or other
belt W in such manner that two of the endless belts in the compartments E are
always operated together, motion being given to the shaft L by suitable gearing
(not shown) from any prime or other motor and transferred from that shaft to
the shafts M and L through the endless apron and the belt W in a manner
readily comprehended.
In operation grain, malt, refuse from distilleries grape sugar factories, sand or
any other substance or material to be either heated or cooled is carried to the
endless apron in the uppermost compartment E by any proper elevating mechanism
and evenly distributed upon said apron.
Hot or cold air, as the case may be, is now forced into said compartiments E and
the endless apron caused to slowly move, when the grain &c. distributed and
carried upon the endless apron in the upper compartment is slowly carried
downward falling from the tail end of one compartment to the head of the next
succeeding lower compartment until it finally reaches the lowest compartiment
from which it falls into a bin, not shown, and from which it is removed in any
convenient manner.
In practice it will be found to require several sets of compartments to expose the
grain &c. to the action of the heated air for a sufficiently long time to thoroughly
dry the same; or the grain may have to be passed several times through the drier
before it is in a fit state for the market, storage or use, in which case au elevator
may be provided to remove the grain from the bin before mentioned and to deposit
the same upon the apron of the uppermost compartment.
It will now be readily observed that the heated (or cold) air escapes from the
compartments through the spaces or interstices between the slats P, thereby not
only sufficiently agitating the grain &c. to expose every particle thereof to the
action of the air, but also to enter the layer of grain at many places through
comparatively large openings, thus presenting the smallest possible frictional
resistance to the escaping air and thereby greatly increasing the capacity of the
machine.
It will be further observed that the sides of the compartments are downwardly
bent at F to resemble the inverted letter U and that the ends of the slats Pare
This
upwardly bent at P¹ to enter the open space F¹ in the bent position.
construction, which is an essential feature in grain driers &c. having an endless
apron, prevents the grain from working its way into the interior of the compart
ments where it might seriously interfere with the proper action of the interio
5

page_text: mechanism and where it would produce other obvious obstacles and drawbacks to
the correct operation and performance of the apparatus.
To attain the properly regulated speed of the endless apron I may drive the
shafts L by means of wormgearing or any other suitable mechanism the speed of
which is such as to produce the comparatively slow speed of the aprons and at
the same time be powerful enough to keep the entire mechanism in motion.
In the drying of grain large lumps are very often formed owing to the adhesive
nature of the starch and gluten contained in the cereal, which lumps seriously
interfere with the proper performance of the drier. This drawback is to the
greatest extent, if not entirely overcome in this drier owing to the fact that such
lumps, when forming, are continuously broken up when passing over the tail-end
of the aprons where the polygonal shape assumed by the slats when passing
around the sprocket-wheels LM' &c. causes these slats to act as disintegrators
and thereby to break up all lumps that might have formed during the movement
of the grain from the head to the tail-end of the machine.
46
I will here call attention to the fact that the links Q which may properly be
called carriers " are composed of a head piece Q1, Figure 5, having apertures a,
for the passage of the bolt, g the body proper and the tails b b₁ one of which b¹
is beut at so as to pass the tail b of the next succeeding link the distance
from end to end of the tails bb' being such that the base of the links Q always
rests upon at least two of the carrying-sheaves J as shown in Figure 3, whereby
the parallelism of the slats P is preserved and the load upon the apron best
distributed upon the said carrying sheaves
In case the width of the platform or apron is not exceedingly large, two lines
of links and carrying sheaves-properly distributed-as shown in Figure 6 may
be found sufficient but if a greater width of the apron is desired, additional
supporting lines may be found necessary.
Since the weight of the grain &c., upon the slats P may have a tendency to deflect
them and thereby to close the interstices between the several slats, I place near
the forward edge of each slat, a series of buttons d, Figures 4 and 6, which will
prevent their meeting and thereby to contract or possibly close the exit opening of
the in
1st A drier and cooler having a drying surface consisting of an endless apron,
composed of properly disposed connected links and a series of horizontal slats;
said apron being constructed to operate within a closed compartment into which
the drying or cooling medium is forced by suitable mechanism, substantially as
and for the object specified.
2nd An endless apron for a drier and cooler consisting of a series of carrying
links, a series of connecting links, and a series of slats, substantially as described;
said carrying links being supported upon an antifriction device, substantially as,
and for the purpose mentioned.
3rd. In driers and coolers, a compartment having its side walls downwardly
bent into the shape of the letter U, in combination with an endless drying surface
composed of a series of slats having bent sides, substantially as and for the purpose
stated.
4th In drying &c. aprons the carrying-links Q consisting of the perforated
head Q, body proper, and the tails bb¹ said links being adapted for operation
upon a carrier substantially in the manner as, and for the object specified.
5th. In drying apparatus, an endless apron consisting essentially of a series of
carrier-links Q, a series of connecting links Q' having plates R, another series of
connecting links Q also provided with plates R and a series of slats P fixed to the
plates of the links Q'Q", substantially as and for the object stated.
6th The combination, with the compartments E, of the supports G having the
gudgeons H and carrying-wheels J, of the endless apron having carrying links the

page_text: bases of which pass over the carrying wheels as described and the sprocket wheels
as stated the whole being constructed and combined for operation substantially in
the manner as and for the object specified.
In Witness whereof I the said Herbert John Haddan have hereunto set my
hand and seal this twentieth day of July A.D. 1882.
IT T
TADDAN