IMPROVEMENTS IN ENGINES WORKED BY STEAM, AIR, WATER, AND OTHER FLUIDS, AND WHETHER LOCOMOTIVE, MARINE, OR STATIONARY, AND ALSO IN BOILERS, THE PRINCIPLE OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS IS LIKEWISE APPLI- CABLE TO BLOWING AIR AND PUMPING WATER
Year: 1849

page_text: . J. & G. DAVIES' SPECIFICATION.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JONAH
DAVIES and GEORGE DAVIES, of the Albion Iron Foundry, in the Parish of
Tipton, Staffordshire, Engineers and Iron Founders, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Tenth day of December,
One thousand eight hundred and forty-nine, in the Thirteenth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
Jonah Davies and George Davies, our exors, adiñors, and assigns, Her especial
licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that we, the said Jonah Davies
and George Davies, our exors, adiñors, and assigns, and such others as we,
the said Jonah Davies and George Davies, our exors, admors, or assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town
of Berwick, our Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN ENGINES WORKED BY STEAM,
AIR, WATER, AND OTHER FLUIDS, AND WHETHER LOCOMOTIVE, MARINE, OR STATIONARY,
AND ALSO IN BOILERS, THE PRINCIPLE OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS IS LIKEWISE APPLI-
CABLE TO BLOWING AIR AND PUMPING WATER;" in which said Letters Patent is
contained a proviso that we, the said Jonah Davies and George Davies, or
one of us, should cause a particular description of the nature of our said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by an instrument in
writing under our hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us, to be
inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters

page_text: Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully
and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, we, the
said Jonah Davies and George Davies, do hereby declare that the nature of
our said Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are
fully described and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof,
reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures
and letters marked thereon, that is to say:-
Our Invention consists of improvements in the construction of engines worked
by steam, air, water, and other fluids, and the principle of which improvements
is also applicable to blowing air and pumping water; and, secondly, our Inven-
tion consists of improvements in steam boilers. And in order that our Inven-
tion may be most fully understood and readily carried into effect, we will proceed
to describe the means pursued by us.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 shews a vertical section; Figure 2, an end view; Figure 8, a plan
partly in section; and Figure 4 is a transverse section of an engine constructed
according to our Invention; Figure 5 shews a longitudinal section of a double
engine; Figure 6 is a horizontal section thereof; Figure 7 shews a transverse
section; and the other Figures shew separate views of some of the parts.
The double engine does not materially differ from a single engine, and therefore
a description of the action of one will be applicable to both. An engine
according to our Invention consists, first, of a chamber of the form of a portion
of a sphere. Second, an axis passing through the centre. Third, of two ends
of a conical form to the chamber, which revolve with the axis. Fourth, a
moveable partition, which is at all times inclined at an angle to the axis, there
being an opening through such partition for the passage of the piston; and,
fifth, a piston, which connects the two conical ends; and it is the combining of
such parts into a rotatory engine suitable for being worked by steam or other
fluids which constitutes the peculiarity of this part of our Invention; and such
is also when the principle of construction is modified, so as to produce a pump
for air or water by applying a suction pipe and an eduction pipe to such a
combination in place of the valve box. a in each engine is the chamber for
receiving the steam or other fluid, the interior figure of which is that of part of a
sphere; this chamber is fixed in any suitable framing; 6 is the axis which
turns in bearings at 61, 61; on the axis are keyed two conical ends c, c, having
suitable packings to keep them steam-tight as they revolve in the chamber a.
The two conical ends c, c, are connected together by means of the piston d, there

page_text: being an opening through the partition e for the passage of the piston, and the
partition e revolves freely on the axis 6, there being a spherical boss on the axis,
which spherical boss is in two halves, so arranged that the inner end of the
piston passes between them, and comes in contact with the axis, whilst on the
opposite side of the axis the boss is caused to have a tendency to expand within
the central opening of the partition by means of a spring and wedge as shewn,
by which arrangement the steam will be prevented passing from one side to
the other of the piston. The partition is shewn to be placed at an angle of
about sixty degrees with the axis b; but this may be varied, and its outer cir-
cumference moves in a groove formed within the spherical chamber a, there
being suitable spring packing applied to keep the parts steam-tight. The
steam passages d' are made through the conical ends on either side of the
piston, and the steam from the boiler passes through the valve box f, which is
arranged to cause it to pass on either side of the piston, so as to drive the
engine in either direction, as may be required, the eduction passage being at f¹.
In the single engine there are plates g, g, fixed on the axis, the object being to
equalize the pressure of the steam, and thus to prevent the tendency which there
would otherwise be to force the conical end away from the end cover h, h, on the
side on which the steam may for the time being be admitted; these plates are not
required in the double engine, as the steam is let in at both ends or in between
the two cones, and therefore the pressure thereof will be balanced. The pas-
sage of the axis through the end covers of the engine is through stuffing boxes
as shewn, and the bearings b', 6', of the axis 6 are adjustable by square taper
keys i, i, as shown. It will be evident that the steam valvej will only require
to be changed in its position when it is desired to change the direction in which
the engine works, or when it is wished to shut off the steam from the engine.
We would remark that, although we bave only mentioned steam as the means
of working the engine, it will be evident that water or other fluid may be em-
ployed in like manner to that in which water and other fluids have been before
employed in working other constructions of engines, and by applying suitable
induction and eduction ways, and driving the axis 6 by. power, the engine will
become a pump, which may be used for forcing air or water.
We will now describe the second part of our Invention. Figure 8 shews a
longitudinal section; Figure 9, a transverse section; and Figure 10, a front
view; a is an external cylinder, with the hemispherical end at the back; b is
second cylinder (within the outer cylinder) in which the furnace c is con-
structed; d, d, are a series of tubes fixed in the partition plates e, e, through
which the flame and products of combustion pass into the compartment f, and
hence through the tubes g,g, into the fire box j, and then the chimney.
away up

page_text: The front end is stayed to the back end of the boiler, and the other parts of
the boiler are stayed as shewn. The object of this arrangement is to get
extensive heating surface by the use of the two sets of tubes, as shewn, together
with great strength of construction. Figure 11 shews a longitudinal section;
Figure 12, a transverse section; and Figure 18, a front view of another ar-
rangement of boiler constructed with a like object, the difference being that
there is only one set of tubes. Figure 14 is a vertical section of an upright
boiler, and Figure 15 a horizontal section. This boiler is constructed of an
interior and exterior cylinder k, l, with a furnace m within the inner cylinder.
The heat and products from the furnace ascend into the upper chamber n, and
then descend through a series of tubes o, o, into the flue p. This boiler, except
that it is arranged as an upright boiler, is similar to the horizontal boiler of
the previous Figures, and by reason of its cylindrical structure offers great
strength with extensive heating surface.
Having thus described the nature of our Invention, and the manner of per-
forming the same, we would have it understood that we do not confine ourselves
to the details of construction herein shewn and described, so long as the pecu-
liar character of any part of our Invention be retained. But what we claim
is, first, the construction of engines herein described; and, secondly, we claim
the three constructions of boilers herein described.
In witness whereof, we, the said Jonah Davies and George Davies,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Eighth day of June, One
thousand eight hundred and fifty.
GEORGE (L.S.) DAVIES.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Eighth day of June, in the
year of our Lord 1850, the aforesaid Jonah Davies and George Davies came
before our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the
Specification aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified,
in form above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped
according to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.