IMPROVEMENTS IN SUCTION AND FORCE PUMPS
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Baynes, of Mansel Villas, Wimbledon, in the
County of Surrey, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
SUCTION AND FORCE PUMPS."
Sealed the 29th September 1865, and dated the 4th April 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Baynes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
April 1865.
I, ROBERT BAYNES, of Mansel Villas, Wimbledon, in the County of Surrey,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SUCTION AND FORCE PUMPS," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in the application of flexible tubing to the
pumping or raising of water and other fluids in combination with rollers or
other pressing surfaces, whereby the tube is collapsed and caused to force the
water, the subsequent expanding of which produces a partial vacuum, which
has the effect of sucking up water as in the suction pump. For this purpose
I prefer to mount three rollers on axes carried by arms from a rotating axis
and disposed at equal distances in the circle in which they rotate, a concentric
concave surface being described round this roller wheel; the flexible pipe is
placed round this concave, either singly, or in two, three, or more parallel rows,
and extending half way round. The pipe is thus disposed between the rollers
before mentioned and the rigid concave surface, and against which it is
collapsed by the rollers at the point of contact. The flexible pipe extending
half way round is in connection at the one end with the suction pipe and at

page_text: the other with the delivery at which points there are no valves, which are
entirely dispensed with. Each roller in its traverse round the semicircle of
the pipe compresses it first at the suction end and the pipe being full of water,
the water between that point and the delivery is cut off from the suction. The
rolling of the roller over the flexible pipe compresses it throughout, and gradually
forces the water contained before it out by the delivery and to any height
required, there being three rollers, a second one arrives at the suction end
before the one in advance leaves the pipe at the delivery and so continues the
action of the pump. The delivery is thus always cut off from the suction by
the interposition of one or more of the rollers. The roller while forcing the water
before it, as before explained, leaves the pipe behind it (nearest the suction)
void which having in itself a strong expanding power expands immediately
the roller passes, and so draws the water from the suction. This pump may
be made double acting by making the concave a complete circle, and furnish-
ing it with another pipe or set of pipes, as above described, on the opposite
side of the circle, but upon which the same rollers will act. In this case I
employ four rollers in the circle. The water pipes otherwise than those of
suction and delivery on which the rollers act may be ordinary and rigid pipes;
I prefer to use india-rubber or other flexible pipe, either having the necessary
power of expansion in itself, or by means of springs formed in it, and it may
be covered with some material to take the wear of the rollers traversing on
its surface. These pumps may be used for watering gardens, putting out fires,
-and other pumping purposes generally. Instead of the pressure being exerted
by rollers it may be a direct pressure of a pressure surface on a bed or table
on which a flexible pipe or pipes are laid. The pressure may begin at one end
and the pressing surface may be operated by cams or cranks from a rotating
shaft adjusted by screws to give the descent desired. In this case valves or
stops in the pipes must be provided, which I produce by nipping the flexible
pipe at the suction and delivery ends at the proper times, the nipping parts
being operated by the motion imparted to the pressing surface.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Robert Baynes in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 4th
October 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ROBERT
BAYNES, of Mansel Villas, Wimbledon, in the County of Surrey, Gentleman,
send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-eighth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me; the
said Robert Baynes, Her special licence that 1, the said Robert Baynes,.
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Robert
Baynes, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree-
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SUCTION AND
FORCE PUMPS," upon the condition (amongst others) that F, the said Robert
Baynes, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was!
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent.
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Robert Baynes, do hereby declaro
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to-be-
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the follow--
ing statement, reference being had to the Sheet of Drawings hereunto annexed
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
:-
My improvements consist in the application of flexible tubing to the pump--
ing or raising of water or other fluids in combination with rollers or other
pressing surfaces, whereby the tube is collapsed and caused to force the water,.
the subsequent expanding of which produces a partial vacuum, having the
effect of sucking or raising up the water as in the suction pump. For this,
purpose I prefer to mount three rollers on axes carried by arms from a
rotating axis and disposed at equal distances in the circle in which they rotate,
a concentric concave surface is described round this roller wheel; the flexible
pipe is placed round this concave, either singly, or in two, three, or more-
parallel rows, and extends half way round. The pipe is thus disposed.
between the rollers before mentioned and the rigid concave surface, and against
which it is collapsed by the rollers at their point of contact. The flexible.
pipe which extends balf way round is in connection at the one end with the:
suction pipe and at the other with the delivery; at which points there are no.
valves, they being entirely dispensed with. Each roller in its traverse round:
the somicircle of the pipe compresses it first at the suction end, and the pipe.

page_text: being full of water, the water between that point and the delivery is cut off
from the suction. The rolling of the roller over the flexible pipe compresses
it throughout, and gradually forces the water contained before it and out by
the delivery and to any height required; there being three rollers, a second
one arrives at the suction end before the one in advance leaves the pipe at
the delivery, thus rendering the action of the pump continuous. The delivery is
thus always cut off from the suction by the interposition of one or more of
the rollers. The roller while forcing the water before it, as before explained,
leaves the pipe behind it (nearest the suction) void, which having in itself a
strong expanding power expands immediately the roller passes, and so draws
the water from the suction. This pump may be made double-acting by
making tlie concave a complete circle and furnishing it with another pipe or
set of pipes, as above described, on the opposite side of the circle, but upon
which the same rollers will act. The water pipes, other than those on which
the rollers act may be ordinary and rigid pipes. I prefer to use india-rubber
or other flexible pipe, either having the necessary power of expansion in itself
or by means of springs formed in it; it may be covered with some material
to take the wear of the rollers traversing on its surface. These pumps may
be used for watering gardens, putting out fires, and other pumping purposes
generally. Instead of the pressure being exerted by rollers it may be the
direct pressure of the pressing surface on a bed or table on which a flexible
pipe or pipes are laid. The pressure may begin at one end of the table so as
gradually to discharge the water at the opposite end. The pressing surface
may be operated by cams or cranks from a rotating shaft adjusted by screws
to give the pressure desired. In this case valves or stops in the pipes must
be provided, which I produce by nipping the flexible tube at the suction and
delivery ends at the proper times, the nipping parts being operated by tho
Fig. 1 represents a side view, Fig. 2 a lateral vertical section, and Fig. 3
a transverse section illustrative of a pump constructed according to my
Invention.
a, a, is the concave bed, forming also a suitable stand whereby the pump
may be fixed if required for stationary purposes; b, b, is the wheel, carrying
pressing rollers c, c, which take effect on the flexible tube d, disposed in the
concave of the bed; the axis of wheel b being mounted in bearings e, e, and
rotated by a winch handle f, or it may be by gearing from any suitable power.
The flexible tube d is of thick india-rubber or other strong elastic material

page_text: having in itself the power to expand and form a partial vacuum in the
interior, whereby the water or fluid is drawn up. The ends of the tube
are secured to metal nozzles g, h, fixed to bed a, the one communicating with
the suction pipe i, and the other with the delivery k. The suction and
delivery pipes i and k in fixed machines I make rigid, but for portable pumps.
the suction and the delivery pipe also are better flexible, as will be herein-after
exemplified. The action of this pump will be readily understood. Supposing.
the suction pipe i to be carried down some three, four, or more feet to the
source of supply, and the pipe k carried upwards to the point desired for
delivery, by rotating the wheel 6 in the direction of the arrow, the rollers, as
they arrive in succession at the point x, will begin to flatten and compress
the tube d at that point, and will drive before it any air or fluid contained in
the pipe and out at the delivery k; so soon as the roller passes point & the
tube & begins to expand, producing a partial vacuum therein behind the roller
in question, that is to say, between it and the suction pipe, the consequence,
of a repetition of which will be that water will flow up the tube and be forced
out at the delivery at the elevation desired, and this in a continuous stream
or nearly so. In order to make the flow of water at the delivery uniformly
continuous an air vessel may be added, or the pump may be rendered double-
acting, as represented at Fig. 4, in this illustration a double concave is used,
that is to say, one at the upper part of the wheel b as well as at the lower;
the suction and delivery pipes being also in duplicate, but united by branch
pipes as seen; the suctions and deliveries each terminating in one pipe.
In the foregoing examples I have represented the bed a and wheel bas
adapted only for one flexible tube, whereas two, three, four, or more such
flexible tubes may be disposed side by side in the same concave bed, and all
operated by the same wheel 6 and rollers c, the said wheel, rollers, and bed
being all proportionately broader to admit of the additional flexible tubes.
carry the
Fig. 5 represents a transverse vertical section of a pump so fitted, and
Fig. 6 a side view of same. In these Figures also a modification of the roller
wheel b is represented; in this case it consists of three arms, which
compressing rollers c, c, while the flanges embracing the sides and forming
the limits of breadth of the space for the tubes are on the bed instead of
being on the wheel as before.
Fig. 7 represents my improved pump adapted for a portable pump as used
for watering gardens, plants in hothouses, and other like purposes. In this
case it is fixed on a tub p, mounted on wheels and furnished with handles,
by which it may be wheeled about, in which tub water may be carried for
the purposes of the pump, the whole forming a good solid pedestal for the

page_text: same. This pump may be single or double acting as before explained, but
in either case I prefer to entirely cover or enclose the wheel b; the suction
pipe may be rigid and leading to the bottom of the tub, while the delivery k
is flexible with a suitable nozzle for directing and applying the fluid as may
be desired.
Fig. 8 represents a similar portable pump as adapted for like purposes, but
which pump is simply mounted on a light frame m, which can be readily
lifted from place to place. In this case the suction tube i is flexible, the end
being dropped into a bucket of water carried to the spot where it is desired
to use tho pump. In order to steady and fix the pump the frame m has a
footboard r stretched between two of its feet, on which board the operator
stands while actuating the pump, and whereby he can keep it perfectly rigid:
This pump is furnished with a flexible delivery and nozzle as before.
Fig. 9 represents a side view, and Fig. 10 an edge view of a modification
of the pump, which may be very appropriately termed a hand pump, being
held in the one hand while it is driven by the other. For this purpose I adopt
a circular case enclosing the pump with a straps on the one side, under which
the left hand is inserted, and so holding the instrument firmly while the right
hand rotates the roller wheel 6 by the winch handle f. In this case the
suction pipe is flexible and led down to a bucket or other source of supply,
while the delivery k is a short rigid nozzle which will direct the jet as may
be desired by the movement of the hand holding the pump.
Having described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of performing
the same, I declare that what I claim as my Invention to be protected by the
herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is, the arrangement and con-
struction of pumps herein-before described, and represented in the Drawings
hereunto annexed, for raising and forcing fluids, as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Robert Baynes, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Third day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five.
ROB. BAYNES. (L.S.)