Improvements in Producing Steam in Boilers by Detonating Mixtures.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 20th Apr., 1897
Complete Specification Left, 17th Jan., 1898-Accepted, 20th May, 1898
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Producing Steam in Boilers by Detonating
Mixtures.
I, CHARLES CASTEL, Gentleman, residing 3, St. George's Avenue, Aldermanbury,
London, E.C., a subject of the Kingdom of Italy, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows:-
My invention has for special object to create a new and improved boiler. In
this boiler the heating is made by detonating mixtures.
The steaming power of a boiler depends of the unites of heat contained in the
fuel employed, of the quantity of these units of heat acting on the water and also
of the time necessary to produce these units of heat.
It is also to be considered that in every boiler a great part of the heat produced
is lost and not utilised.
It is the desideratum to be able to steam in boilers by the use of liquid or
gaseous fuels.
My new boiler has no chimney, no fire is made under it, it is worked by detonat-
ing mixtures exploded in a convenient apparatus placed inside the boiler and so
disposed as to abandon to the water, in the said boiler, the greatest part of the
unites of heat contained in the liquid or gaseous fuel employed.
Two sheets of drawings joined to this specification will illustrate my description.
Fig. I represents part of a vertical section of my boiler.
Fig. II represents my special heat producing apparatus.
To work my boiler it is necessary to have a motive power the object of
which is:-
1° To open and shut valves at the proper moment.
2° To work a small pump for the feeding of the liquid fuel.
3° To work a ventilator or a pump for the feeding of the air.
4° To turn a small dynamo.
For this purpose I place in the boiler a small gas machine B. This motor being
worked by liquid or gaseous fuel. The motor by a convenient connecting rod
puts in rotation a crank shaft H. This shaft carries a fly wheel I and is used
to put in motion the pumps or ventilators necessary for the working of the boiler.
It will also drive a small dynamo producing the electricity for the exploding
apparatus and the feeding pump.
By a convenient gearing the same shaft H drives the shaft G. This shaft G
carries, turning with it, the cams necessary for the working of the valves of the
motor and also for the valves of the boiler. The valves C of the motor B are
fixed in a valve box so that the shaft D of the valve is worked, by the aid of
convenient levers, by the cams on shaft G.
The valve boxes are each fitted in a small cylinder or sleeve fixed on the
cylinder of the motor and on the shell of the boiler. One of these cylinders or
sleeve contains the box of the feeding valve.. The other sleeve contains the box
of the evacuation valve or let out of the foul gases resulting from the explosions.

page_text: The tube of the feeding valve is in communication by a snifting valve E with the
ventilator or pump feeding the air. It contains also the tube F in communication
with the recipient containing the fuel liquid or gaseous.
If liquid fuel is employed the tube F will be terminated by a pulverising
apparatus at one end and the other end will be fixed on a special apparatus.
This apparatus is the recipient containing the liquid fuel. It is a cylinder in
communication by its lower part with another small cylinder. The small cylinder
receives water by the action of a pump actuated upon by the motor B. On this
small cylinder is fixed a valve opening at a pressure of 40 lb. per square inch and
also an air vessel having for object to produce a constant pressure on the water in
this cylinder. The two cylinders, communicating together, the water of the small
cylinder will press on the liquid fuel contained in the large one and if liquid fuel
leaves this cylinder the water of the small one will take its place. If the pressure
is more than 40 lb. the valve opens and lets out the water alimentated in excess.
L L are tubes containing the electric wires that bring in the motor the electricity
necessary to produce the inflammation of the detonating mixture, L' L' are the
electric terminus of the same.
The air is furnished by a ventilator or a series of ventilators acting one on the
other in tension, or by a pump. The air is accumulated in a special cylinder or
reservoir and this reservoir furnishes it to the motor and to the heating
apparatus J K J¹.
Inside the boiler I place one or several apparatus J K J¹.
A certain number of tubes K are fixed one side on the tube J and the other on
the tube J1 (Fig. 2).
F
On this second tube J¹ are also fixed small tubes K¹ passing through the shell of
the boiler and closed by the screws R.
The tubes K can be cut in such a way as to leave an opening O for the passing
of the valve boxes from the motor.
!
Inside the boiler is also a worm tube M, this. tube is fixed against the walls of
the boiler.
One end of the worm M is fixed to a valve box in communication with the
tube J¹, the other end communicates to a worm fixed in a recipient containing
water for the feeding of the boiler.
This second worm is in communication with the atmosphere.
The liquid or gaseous fuel employed is alimentated in the tube J by the two
tubes N N. If the fuel is liquid two pulverising apparatus are fixed one at the end
of each of the feeding tubes.
P is a tube containing the electric lighting apparatus that determines the
explosions of the detonating mixtures.
A rotary commutator fixed on the shaft G regularises these explosions by
producing in P a spark at the convenient moment.
The source of electricity is composed of 3 accumulators which are fed by a small
magneto machine turning by the action of the shaft H.
By a convenient arrangement the speed of the shaft G can be changed at will,
so that the number of detonations per minute in the heating apparatus J K J¹ can
be accelerated or reduced when required.
The tube J is fixed in the interior of the boiler, the two ends being fixed against
opposite walls of the said boiler by bolts and nuts. On one side the tube J is in
communication with a valve box placed outside of the boiler. This valve box
contains a valve worked by a cam on the shaft G and is through this valve in
communication with the recipient of compressed air.
The other end of this tube J is shut by a piece conveniently fixed on it.
In the same way the tube J¹ is fixed against the walls of the boiler. One end 'is
in communication with a valve box. The valve is worked by the aid of levers and
a cam on the shaft G, but the spring that forces the valve to shut is so adjusted

page_text: as to let the valve open at a low pressure. Through this valve the tube J¹ is in
communication with the worm M...
The gases escaping from the exhaust valve of the motor will also be let out in the
worm M.
1
Proper bearings and pieces fixed to the boiler will be used to support the crank-
shaft H and the other parts of the machine.
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1.
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4.
Having thus described my new boiler I will now explain the working of
the same.'
To put
the boiler in pressure the first thing to do is 'to put in 'rotation the motor:
This motor being very economical as all the heat that is not transformed into
power is absorbed by the water of the boiler so that there is no loss.
When the motor B is turning, 'detonating mixtures will be introduced in the
heater J K J¹, will explode and produce heat that will be absorbed by the
water.
:
A certain number of heaters J K J¹ can be placed in one boiler and the explosions
can be alterned from one to the other.
The speed of the shaft G will determine the speed of vaporisation. As the
gases in tube M can not abandon' all their heat to the water in the boiler
in consequence of the temperature of this water, the passing of the same gases in
the water of the feeding tank will add to the economy of the system..
By this arrangement nearly all the colories or units of heat produced will be
utilised..
The boiler having no oxydising action on its plates will last without repairs.
No smoke will be produced, no chimney necessary. The steaming will be so rapid
that very small boilers will give a very great vaporising power.
0011
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100%
Improvements in Producing Steam in Boilers by Detonating
Mixtures.
I, CHARLES CASTEL, Gentleman, residing at 9, St. George's Terrace, Regent's
Park, London, N.W., late of 3, St. George's Avenue, Aldermanbury, E.C., and
being a subject of the Kingdom of Italy, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention has for special object to create a new and improved boiler. In
this boiler the heating of the water is produced by the explosion of detonating
mixtures.
It has been the desideratum to be able to steam in boilers by the use of liquids or
gaseous fuels; my new boiler vaporises by the use of petroleum or similar liquids
or by the use of convenient gases. My boiler has no chimney and no fire is made
under it. It is worked by detonating mixtures exploded in convenient apparatus
placed inside the boiler and so disposed as to abandon to the water, in the said
boiler, the greatest part of the units of heat produced by the burning of the liquid
or gaseous fuel employed.
Two sheets of drawings left with the provisional specification and one new one
will illustrate my description.
Fig. I represents part of a vertical section of my boiler.
Fig. II represents the disposition of a heat producing apparatus.
Fig. III and IV illustrate special details.

page_text: I have in the boiler a motive power the object of which is:—
1, to open and shut valves at the proper moment.
2, to work a small pump for the feeding of the liquid fuel.
3, to work a ventilator or a series of ventilators or pumps for the feeding of
the air.
4, to turn a small dynamo.
The motive power I prefer is a small gas machine B, the cylinder of which is
placed in the boiler. This machine is worked by liquid or gaseous fuel. The
piston will by a convenient connecting rod put in rotation a crank shaft H. This
shaft carries a fly wheel 1. The shaft H by convenient gearing will work the
pumps and ventilators necessary, it will also put in motion a shaft G on which
will be placed the cams working the valves of the machine and of the boiler.
The valves C of the motor B are fixed in a valve box so that the shafts D of the
valves are worked by convenient levers and cams G.
The valve box is fitted in a small cylinder or sleeve fixed on the cylinder of the
machine and on the shell of the boiler.
One of these cylinders or sleeves contains the feeding valve. The other contains
the exhaust valve. The tube containing the feeding valve of the motor is in
communication by a shifting valve E with the atmosphere, it contains also a
tube in communication with the recipient containing the liquid or gaseous fuel.
The exhaust of the motor is sent in the worm M.
If liquid fuel is employed, the tube F will be terminated by a spraying apparatus
and be in communication with a special apparatus. This last apparatus is a
recipient S containing the liquid fuel. It can be a cylinder in communication with
a second cylinder T. The cylinder T receives water by the action of a pump
actuated by the motor, on it is fixed a valve U opening at a pressure of 40 lb.,
and also an air vessel V the object of which is to produce a constant pressure on
the water contained in this cylinder.
This cylinder T is in communication with the lower part of the other cylinder $
in which the liquid fuel is stored, by the tube T¹ the water acting with its pressure
on the liquid fuel, will force it out of its container by an aperture S¹ at the top
of said container. The water taking the place of the liquid fuel as it is expelled
for the feeding of detonating mixtures. If the pressure of the water fed by the
pump becomes more than 40 lb. the valve U opens and lets out the water alimentated
in excess.
L L are tubes containing electric wires having for object to produce a spark in
cylinder C of the motor when necessary. L¹ L are the electric terminus of said
wires. A convenient commutator placed on the shaft G regulates the distribution
of the sparks.
Inside the boiler I place one or several apparatus J K J. J is a tube on which
are fixed a certain number of tubes K, the other end of the tubes K being fixed
to another tube J¹. Small tubes K¹ are also fixed to this tube J¹. The tubes K¹
passing through the shell of the boiler and being screwed in the said shell are
closed by the screws R. The opening O is managed in the tubes K so as to let the
tubes or sleeves of the valve boxes of the motor pass.
A
Inside the boiler is also a worm tube M fixed against the walls of said boiler.
One end of the worm M is fixed to a valve in communication with the tube J¹.
The other end communicates to a worm fixed in a recipient containing water for
the feeding of the boiler. This second worm is in communication with the
atmosphere. The liquid or gaseous fuel employed in the apparatus J K J¹ is fed
in the tube J by the tubes N N. If the fuel is a liquid two spraying apparatus
terminate the feeding tubes N N.
P is a tube containing the electric lighting apparatus that determines the
explosions in the apparatus J K J¹ A rotary commutator fixed on the shaft G
will control these explosions by producing in P a spark at the convenient moment.
The source of electricity is composed of three accumulators fed by a small
magneto machine turning by the action of the crank shaft H.

page_text: By a convenient arrangement the speed of the shaft G can be changed at will,
so that the number of explosions in the heating apparatus J K JI can be accelerated
or the contrary when required. Fig. III illustrate this disposition. In the governor
the centrifugal power having to overpower a spring W of which the tension is
controled by the wheel X.
The shaft W₁ being hollow the piece X¹ will be forced down by the action
of the screw X2 turned by the wheel X and as this piece X' is acting on the
spring W it will force it down and augment the resistance to the lifting of the
piece W, so that the centrifugal power will have more work to do and will be able
to do it only by an increased rotation. With this disposition one will be able
to regulate the lifting of piece W² for a certain number of rotation per minute.
The tube J is fixed in the boiler, the two ends being fixed against the walls of
the boiler by nuts and bolts on one side the tube J is in communication with a
valve box placed outside of the said boiler. This valve box contains a valve worked
by a cam on the shaft G and is through this valve, in communication whit a
recipient containing compressed air. The air in this recipient is compressed by a
ventilator or ventilators mounted in series and acting in tension one on the other.
These ventilators being put in motion by the motor.
The other end of the tube J is shut by a piece screwed in.
The tube J is fixed on the boiler the same as the tube J one end being in com-
munication with a valve box worked by a cam on the shaft G but the spring that
forces the shutting of this valve is so regulated as to open at a low pressure.
Through this valve the tube J¹ is in communication with the worm M.
Proper bearings and pieces fixed to the boiler will be used to support the crank
shafts H and the other parts of the machine.
Having thus described my new boiler I will now explain the working of
the same.
The firts thing is to put in rotation the motor.
All the gases produced by the explosions in this motor having to escape through
the worm M. When the motor is turning, detonating mixtures will be introduced
in the heater J K J¹, will explode and produce heat that will be absorbed by
the water.
A certain number of heaters J K J' can be placed in one boiler and the explosions
in said heaters can be alternated.
The speed of the shaft G will determine the speed of vaporisation. All the gases
after an explosion evacuate the boiler through the worm M and after leaving the
boiler will warm the feeding water.
I have described a special apparatus J K J¹ but this apparatus can be only a tube
or a series of tubes passing in the boiler.
Having thus described my invention my claims are:-
1. The new and improved process of producing steam in a boiler by the use of
detonating mixtures exploding in tubes placed in the boiler.
2. The adjunction to the tubes in which the explosions take place of a worm M,
as and for the purpose described in this specification.
3. The combination of detonating tubes or heaters as described with a worm and
a motor placed in the boiler as exposed and for the purpose claimed.
4. The special arrangement and the different organs by the combination of
which I construct my special boiler.