IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS USED WHEN STRETCHING AND DRYING FABRICS
Year: 1851

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, SAMUEL
MORAND, of Manchester, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Thirtieth day of January,
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-one, in the fourteenth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Samuel Morand, my exors, adññors, and assigns, Her especial license, full
power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said Samuel Morand, my exors,
admors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Samuel Morand, my
exors, admors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times during the term of years therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick, my Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS USED WHEN STRETCHING AND DRYING FABRICS;" in
which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso, that I, the said Samuel
Morand, shall cause a particular description of the nature of my said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by an instrument in
writing under my hand and seal, to be inrolled in Her Majesty's Hight Court'
of Chancery, within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference
being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Samuel Morand, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described and
ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to
the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon, 5
that is to say:-
My Invention consists of a certain combination of mechanical parts for con-
ducting fabrics through the processes of stretching and drying when intending
to obtain what is called the "elastic finish," and also other finish.
And in order that my Invention may be most fully understood and readily 1
carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the means pursued by me.
I employ peculiar arrangements of endless chains formed of links constructed
as hereafter explained, and in some cases, as hereafter explained, I move such
chains along guides which are so formed as to cause the chains to pass in
tortuous or zigzag directions by suitable gearing.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 shews a side view; Figure 2, a longitudinal section; Figure 3, a
plan; and Figures 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10, details on a larger scale of parts of
apparatus arranged according to my Invention. a, a, is the framing at the left-
hand end or feeding end of the machine; b, b, are the endless chains with pins
or points projecting up therefrom to receive the fabric to be stretched and
carry it through the machine. These chains 6 pass partly round suitable
wheels b', and they have motion given to them in manner somewhat similar to
what was described in the Specification of a Patent granted to me some years
since, which machine was a horizontal machine, and the endless chains of pins
having arrived at the end of the machine descended and passed below the other
parts of the chains to the front end of the machine, the axes of the links of the
chains being in parallel planes with the surface of the supporting guides of the
chains. Now, according to the present improvements, the chains are so con-
structed that having arrived at the end of the machine they move away laterally,
and the axes of the links of the chains are at right angles to the guiding
surfaces which carry the chains, and when for obtaining the elastic finish the
guides are made zigzag, but if for the ordinary finish then the guides are made
straight as heretofore, and the points carried by the chains, and which hold the
edges of the fabric during the process of stretching, stand out from planes or
surfaces affixed on the links of the chain.
The chains are carried and actuated by similar apparatus at each end of the
machine; c is the main axis, upon which is fixed the bevilled wheel c¹, which

page_text: screw shafts j, they
These screw shaftsj
receives motion from another bevilled wheel upon a cross shaft not shown, and
which receives motion from a steam engine or other suitable power. This
shaft c is supported in bearings as shown, and has affixed thereto at each end
bevilled toothed wheels, c, c, which take into and drive the bevilled tooth
wheels d', de, respectively affixed to the shaft d, upon each of which is affixed
a pinion e, which takes into and gives motion to the toothed wheels f, affixed
on the shafts f¹, and these shafts f¹ carry bevilled pinions g, which are capable
of sliding along the shaft f¹, and revolve with those shafts; and in so doing they
give motion to the bevilled toothed pinions h affixed to the wheels b¹, which
are supported in frames i, which are supported from the shaft f, and they are
retained in the correct relative position by means of the
being embraced by screw collars carried by the frames i.
are also the means of regulating the distance between the frames i, according
to the width of fabric to be stretched and dryed, and for this purpose the two
screw shafts at either end of the machine are capable of moving simul-
taneously by having fixed thereon the pinions j, j', which are geared together
by the pinion k, which revolves freely upon the end of the shaft f. In order
that the person attending the machine may be able readily to vary, if required,
the distance between the frames i, whilst feeding fabric into the machine, there
is at the feeding end of the machine another shaft l, upon which are fixed the
wheels, which are the means of giving motion to this shaft; and this shaft also
carries the pinion m, which takes into and gives motion to the intermediate
wheel n, which takes into and drives the intermediate wheel k, thus driving the
pinions, j, on the screw shafts j, j. Thus may the distance between the
frames i, i, and consequently between the chains of pins at the feeding end of
the machine, be regulated for the requirements of the case. A similar
mode of adjustment is obtained at the other end of the machine, only there
a wheel is affixed to the box of the wheel k. The chains of points are
supported and guided between the two ends of the machine by the guide bars
o, p, which are formed suitable to receive and retain those chains as shewn
more clearly by the section of those bars on a larger scale as given in Figures
4 and 5. It will also be seen, by reference to the plan Figure 3, that the bars
o, o, are formed tortuous, when for the elastic finish, which I find very
advantageous, as by that means I am enabled to give a constantly varying cross
tension to the fabric as it passes through the machine, by which the stretching
will be more readily effected, and when the machine is for producing the
ordinary finish, then the bars o, o, will be straight as heretofore. I have only
shown portions of the lengths of bars o, p, but their number and length may
vary according to circumstances. They are connected to the frames i by hinge-

page_text: ぴ
joints o¹, p, and to each other so as to form continuous lengths by means of
other joints o, 22, supported from plates 9, which have slots in them to receive
pins q, from the nuts 9, which have female screws formed in them to receive
regulating screws ³. are pins which retain the surfaces in which the pins or
points are set to the separate links of the chains b. These pins be by projecting
into the groove or channel o*, formed in the guide bars o, by the plates o³, pre-
vent the chains being drawn out of the guides by the tension of the fabric
during the operation of stretching. The fabric is indicated by the red lines
and color, and in being fed into the apparatus its edges will be conducted
under the wheels r, the peripheries of which are furnished with vulcanized india-
rubber, or other suitable elastic material, which rests upon the points of the
pin carried by the chains, and forces the fabric down on to those pins or points.
These wheels r are affixed to the axes r¹, which turn freely in bosses carried by
the arms which are carried by the shaft f¹. The wheels r are prevented
pressing too much upon the pins or points by means of the hooks ³, which
turn upon the studs r, and hook on to projections 7, and when required the
wheels may be held altogether off the pins or points by causing the hooks
73 to hold on to the projections. The wheels are caused to have the same
surface speed as the chains by means of the wheels ", which revolves with the
shaft f, taking into the wheel 8, affixed to the shaft r¹. In using the
apparatus I cause the chains to be further apart at the delivering end than at
the receiving end, and in being delivered the fabric is conducted under the rollor
8, partly round the drum or cylinder t, which is covered with card teeth, thence
partly around each of the other rollers; u, v, are perforated pipes to deliver
steam to the fabric to facilitate the operation of stretching; w is a flue or
heating box from the flue w¹, in order to facilitate the operation of drying
during the process of stretching. I have not thought it necessary to show a
machine with straight bars o, o, when for ordinary finish, as machines with
chains such as are herein described and arranged, with straight bars o and p,
will readily be constructed by a workman from the above description.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention and the manner of
performing the same, I would remark that I do not confine myself to the
details as herein described, and the same may be varied without departing
from my improvements, so long as the peculiar character of my Invention be
retained. And I would state that I am aware that fabrics have before been
caused to pass through the process of stretching and drying by machinery,
wherein the selvages of such fabrics have been caused to take tortuous or
zigzag directions. I do not, therefore, claim the causing fabrics to take
a zigzag direction through the processes of stretching and drying; but

page_text: what I claim is, the mode herein described of constructing and combining
apparatus for conducting fabrics through machinery and apparatus used for
stretching and drying the same.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Morand, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-third day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-one.