IMPROVEMENTS IN MA- CHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SLUBBING, ROVING, SPINNING, TWISTING, AND DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT 10 James Dunn. of Preston, in the County Palatine
of Lancaster, Book-keeper, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MA-
CHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SLUBBING, ROVING, SPINNING, TWISTING, AND
DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES."
Sealed the 13th December 1861, and dated the 18th June 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Dunn at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th June
1861.
1. JAMES DUNN. of Preston. in the County Palatine of Lancaster. Book-
keeper. do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SLUBBING, ROVING, SPINNING, TWISTING, AND
DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES." to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain modifications of the apparatus. for which
Provisional Protection was granted to me on or about the 5th day of April
1861, No. 846, and consists in the introduction of drawing rollers carried by
a suitable frame to the inside of the flyer which is mounted horizontally, the
frame being suspended loosely from each internal extremity of the flyer: A full
bobbin of the material to be operated upon is placed upon a spindle, also inside
the flyer, from which bobbin the material is unwound, or drawn off by the action
of the drawing rollers, to which the requisite motion is imparted from the neck
of the flyer by means of an endless screw and worm wheel. From these
rollers the material passes through the tubular neck of the flyer and along the
side thereof, which is hollowed or channelled for that purpose. finally issuing
through another tubular neck on the opposite end of the flyer. a double twist
at each revolution of the flyer being consequently imparted to the material. If
[Price Sd.]

page_text: desired, the flyer itself may be dispensed with, in which case a single twist only
will be imparted to the material at each revolution of the apparatus.
In this second modification the drawing rolls are carried in a rotatory frame
driven by a pulley fast on a hellow neck. which forms the axis of rotation of
the frame. The full bobbin is carried vertically upon a tin tube supported by
a creel peg of iron on the top of the frame. By the action of the drawing
rollers the material is unwound. or drawn off the bobbin through a suitable
guide attached to the rotating frame, and after passing through the drawing
rollers issues through the hollow neck of the frame, when it receives its twist,
and is wound on to a reel or made into a cop.
It will be seen from the above description that the action of the apparatus
is in both arrangements the reverse of that of an ordinary Byer, as in lieu of
the material being first unwound from a full bobbin carried in a creel external
to the flyer, then drawn and twisted also externally to the flyer, and finally
wound on to an empty bobbin carried on a spindle inside the flyer-in-the-usual-
manner, a full-bobbin of the material is, in the arrangement first described,
placed on a spindle carried inside the flyer, from which bobbin the material is
unwound and drawn by the action of drawing rollers, which are also carried
inside the flyer. In-the-second-arrangement the flyer is dispensed with alto-
gether, while in both arrangements the material duly twisted is delivered so as
to allow of its being wound on to a bobbin or spindle external to the appa-
ratus. It will also be seen that in the first-described arrangement the material
receives two twists at each revolution of the flyer instead of only one twist, as
in the case of the ordinary flyer.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Dunn in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 18th
December 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
DUNN, of Preston, in the County Palatine of Lancaster, Book-keeper, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fourth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors. give and grant unto me, the
said James Dunn, Her special license that I, the said James Dunn, my exe-
cutors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as 1, the said James Dunn,

page_text: my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with.
and no others. from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
rend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man. an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS FOR SLUBBING, ROVING, SPINNING, TWISTING, AND DOUBLING COTTON AND
OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES." upon the condition (amongst others) that I. the said
James Dunn, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my hand and seal, or under the hand and seal of one of them, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed. and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE. thai I, the said James Dunn. do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed.
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following state-
ment, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and to the letters
and figures marked thereon, that is to say:-
My said Invention relates to certain modifications of the apparatus. for
which Provisional Protection was granted to me on or about the Fifth day of
April. One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one. No. 846. and consists in.
the introduction of drawing rollers carried by a suitable frame to the inside of
the flyer. which is mounted horizontally, the frame being suspended loosely
from each internal extremity of the flyer. A full bobbin of the material to be
operated upon is placed upon a spindle also inside the flyer. from which bobbin
the material is unwound, or drawn off by the action of the drawing rollers, to
which the requisite motion is imparted from the neck of the flyer by means of
an endless screw and worm wheel. From these rollers the material passes
through the tubular neck of the fiver and along the side thereof, which is
either hollowed, or channelled. or solid, and furnished with guide eyes for that
purpose, finally issuing through another tubular neck on the opposite end of
the flyer, a double twist at each revolution of the flyer being consequently
imparted in the material. If desired. the flyer itself may be dispensed with.
in which case a single twist only will be imparted to the material at each
revolution of the apparatus.
In this second modification the drawing rollers are carried in a rotaiory
frame driven by a pulley fast on a hollow neck, which forms the axis of rota-
tion of the frame. The full bobbin is carried vertically upon a tin tube
supported by a creel peg of iron on the top of the frame. By the action of

page_text: the drawing rollers the material is unwound. or drawn off the bobbin through
a suitable guide attached to the rotating frame, and after passing through the
drawing rollers issues through the hollow neck of the frame, when it receives
its twist, and is wound on to a reel or made into a cop.
It will be seen from the above description that the action of the apparatus
in both arrangements the reverse of that of an ordinary flyer, as in lieu of
the material being first unwound from a full bobbin carried on a creel external
to the flyer, then drawn and twisted also externally to the flyer, and finally
wound on to an empty bobbin carried on a spindle inside the flyer. as in the
usual manner, a full bobbin of the material is. in the arrangement first
described. placed on a spindle carried inside the flyer. from which bobbin the
material is unwound and drawn by the action of drawing rollers, which are
also carried inside the flyer. In the second arrangement-the flyer-is-dispensed.
with altogether, while in both arrangements the material duly twisted is
delivered, so as to allow of its being wound on to a bobbin or spindle external
-to-the-apparatus. It will also, be seen that in the first-described arrangement
the material receives two twists at each revolution of the flyer instead of only
one twist, as in the case of the ordinary flyer.
And in order that my said Invention may be fully understood. I shall
now proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose I
shall refer to the several Figures on the Sheet of Drawings hereunto annexed.
the same letters of reference indicating corresponding parts throughout all the
Figures.
Figure of my Drawings represents a side elevation of one modification of
my improved apparatus for subbing, roving. spinning, and twisting cotton and
other fibrous materials: Figure 2 is a detached detail of a portion of the said
apparatus: Figure 3 is a side elevation of a modified form of the apparatus,
as applied to the process of doubling: Figure 4 is another form of apparatus
for slubbing, roving, spinning, and twisting, wherein the flyer is dispensed
with and Figure 5 is a corresponding elevation of the same. at right angles
to Figure 4.
In Figure 1. A represents the flyer; and B the full roving or slubbing
bobbin, which is carried on a spindle or creel resting loosely in bearings (. (.
formed on the inner ends of the frame D. which frame is suspended loosely
from inside bosses formed at each end of the flyer: E is the driving warve or
pulley fast on one end of the flyer: and F. F
carrying the bearings of the several flyers.
are two fixed bars or supports
The frame D carries near one
end the several drawing rollers G, G', which are driven by a worm Hon the
inner boss of the flyer. this worm gearing into a worm wheel 1, from which

page_text: motion is transmitted to the drawing rollers by suitable toothed gearing. shewn
in red lines in the Drawing. The drawing rollers marked G are fluted, and
those marked G¹ are plain rollers covered with leather, as ordinarily used.
These covered rollers are carried in a subordinate frame D', which is fitted
inside the frame D in such a manner as to admit of its being slid downwards
therein a sufficient distance to separate the rollers of each pair for the purpose
of allowing of the piecing of the ends of the thread or roving when broken;
K. K. are springs, which bear upon the moveable frame D'. and serve to
maintain the rollers in contact when in operation: L is a thumb screw, for
holding the frame D in its proper working position. which screw is to be
slackened when the frame D' requires to be moved. The suspended frame D
is steadied and prevented from oscillating when the apparatus is in action by
means of a rod or bar M. shown in detail front elevation at Figure 2, which is
provided with two contact pieces a and b, bearing against the upper and under
surfaces only of an eccentric N formed on one of the inside bosses of the flyer.
as shewn clearly in Figures 1 and 2: c is an open frame or guide, formed on
the centre of the bar M, through which guiding frame passes the end of the
boss of the flyer: the object of such an arrangement being to prevent any
lateral motion of the bar M, and allow it to vibrate vertically in a rectilinear
direction only. To the fixed bearing bar F are fitted the stationary arms or stops
0. 0. On a rotatory motion being imparted to the flyer the eccentric N will
cause the bar M to rise and fall once for every revolution of the flyer, bringing
each end of the bar alternately into lateral contact with the upper and under
arms or stops O. O'; and as the bar M slides through an eye P in the frame D.
it follows that as one or the other of the extremities of the bar is always in
contact with the stops O and O', the frame D will always remain perfectly steady
and free from lateral vibrations or oscillations: the object of imparting a recipro-
cating motion to the bar M. is to allow of the free passage of the flyer past
the ends of the bar: the motions of the bar being so timed as to cause it to
move out of the way of the flyer at the proper periods. The bar M is shewn
in full lines in Figure 1. as being in contact with the lower arm or stop O. the
arm of the flyer being in the act of passing the upper end of the bar. whilst
the dotted lines represent the bar when moved upwards so as to be in contact
with the upper stop O'. the flyer at that time passing the lower end of the bar.
By this means the frame D is held perfectly steady without any impediment.
being offered to the free rotation of the flyer. On motion being given to the
flyer through the pulley E. the rollers G. G'. are set in motion through the
worm
H. and worm wheel 1. and draw the roving from off the full bobbin B
through the guide arm P¹ secured to the frame D. A twist is imparted to the

page_text: roving on its first entering the tubular neck of the flyer at H. and a second
twist is given on its egress from the opposite end of the flyer at Q. when by
means of suitable appliances it may be wound upon a bobbin or formed into a
cop, as required, the course of the thread or roving being the reverse of that
in the ordinary system, namely, from the inside of the flyer to the outside
thereof.
In the arrangement shewn at Figure 3. adapted for effecting the operation
of doubling, A is the flyer; B, B. two cops of yarn, to be doubled and twisted
together, carried by pins secured to the frame D. which is suspended loosely
at each end from the inner bosses d. d. of the flyer: G, C. are the bearings
for the flyer and E is the driving warve or pulley; the threads are drawn
from off the cops B. B, by means of a pair of rollers situate at Q. but not
shown in my Drawings, through the separate guide eyes e, e, in the suspended
frame D. The two threads are doubled-and-receive their first_twist_at_d'.__and
after passing along one leg of the flyer receive a second twist at Q on their
egress therefrom. The same arrangement is here shown for steadying the
-frame-D.-as that described in reference to Figures and 2. The flyer in all
cases may be either made with one leg hollow. as shown in the Drawings, or
it may be made with solid legs. having suitable guide eyes fitted thereon for
the threads or rovings to pass through. In the modification of Figure 1.
shown at Figures 4 and 5. the flyer is dispensed with, a single twist only being
imparted to the thread at each revolution of the apparatus. The full bobbin B
is placed vertically in lien of horizontally, and is carried upon a tin tube f.
supported by a creel pegg (shewn in dotted lines) secured to the drawing
roller frame D. A centre pin in the top of the tin tube turns freely in a
recess in the upper supporting or bearing rail F. The lower rail F' is pro-
vided with a bearing for carrying the tubular boss R of the frame D. upon
which boss is secured the driving warve or pulley E: G and G' are the several
drawing rollers, those marked G being fluted and carried in bearings in the
frame D, whilst those marked G' are plain and covered with leather, and are
carried in bearings in the subordinate or adjustable portion D' of the frame D.
The upper and lower rollers are kept in contact by means of springs, one of
which is shewn in Figure 4 at K. bearing upon moveable steps contained in
slots in the adjustable frame D'. which steps hear upon the pivots or axes of
the rollers. The pressure may be adjusted. as required, by means of the
thumb set screws L. L; S is a stationary boss formed on the rail F, through
the centre of which boss passes the tubular boss or neck R of the frame D.
A friction pulley T. carried by the vertical spindle in the frame D, bears
against the boss S; and when the frame D is rotated by the pulley E the

page_text: friction pulley T receives a rotatory motion by travelling round the boss S,
which motion is imparted to the drawing rollers by means of the worm Hon
the spindle and worm wheel I, suitable toothed gearing being employed for
transmitting this motion to the several drawing rollers; P' is a guide, secured
to the frame D, through which guide the thread or roving passes as it is wound
from off the bobbin B. On imparting a rotatory motion to the frame D, the
rollers G. G. will, by the rotation on their own axes, draw off the roving from
the bobbin, which roving receives its twist on passing out through the tubular
boss or neck R of the frame D.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect. I would observe. in conclusion, that what I consider to be novel
and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-
before in part recited Letters Patent, is.-
First, the general constructions, arrangements, and combinations of ma-
chinery or apparatus for slubbing, roving, spinning, twisting, and doubling
cotton and other fibrous substances, as herein-before described.
Second, the system or mode of slubbing, roving, spinning, twisting, and
doubling cotton and other fibrous substances, wherein a bobbin or cop or cops
of the material to be operated upon is or are placed within the flyer, and the
material drawn thence by means of drawing rollers, and delivered in a twisted
or doubled state as it emerges from the flyer, as herein-before described.
Third, the placing of drawing rollers within the flyers of machinery or
apparatus for slubbing, roving, spinning, twisting, and doubling cotton and
other fibrous substances, for the purposes herein-before set forth.
Fourth, the system or mode of imparting two twists to the material under
treatment at each revolution of the flyer, when such material is drawn off a
bobbin or cop or cops placed within the flyer, as herein-before described.
Fifth, the peculiar construction and arrangement of apparatus for stubbing.
roving, spinning, twisting, and doubling cotton and other fibrous substances, as
herein-before described and illustrated by Figures 4 and 5 of the Drawings.
In witness whereof, I. the said James Dunn. have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Fourteenth day of December, One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-one.
JAMES DUNN. (L.S.)