Improvements in Typewriting Machines.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 9th Dec., 1891-Accepted, 9th Jan., 1892
UUMIDELE DI CITIATIVA
Improvements in Typewriting Machines.
A communication from abroad by THE REMINGTON STANDARD Typewriter
MANUFACTURING COMPANY, of 327, Broadway, New York City, New
York, in the United States of America.
I, JOHN CORRY FELL, of the firm of Fell and Wilding, of 1, Queen Victoria
Street, in the City of London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The improvements hereinafter set forth have reference more particularly to the
well-known "Remington" type-writer, though some of them may be embodied in
machines of other make.
As is well known the Remington machine is provided with type-bars bearing
each two types, some having a capital and a small letter, others two punctuation
marks, and others a punctuation mark and a numeral. One type of each type-bar
prints at one center and the other type at another center. For this reason, the
platen or paper-holding roll is movable or shiftable. In the normal position of the
platen, the lower case or small letter types, the numerals, and several of
the punctuation marks print, while in the abnormal or shifted position of the
platen the upper case or capital letter types and the remainder of the punctuation
marks and signs print.
The platen is mounted in a frame or carrier arranged upon the main carriage,
and is adapted to move with said carriage and also independently thereof at right
angles to the path of travel of said carriage, for the purpose of shifting the platen
from one printing center to the other, or, as it is usually designated, from lower
case to upper case position.
The construction of said machine heretofore was such that upon raising the main
hinged carriage, for the purpose of inspecting the work, the platen frame or carrier
would by gravity at once fall or slide rearwardly and be checked with a shock, and
upon lowering said main carriage to its normal horizontal position, the platen frame
would be pulled forwardly again by means of flaring yoke-blocks thereon engaging
with the shift-rail. This construction having been found objectionable on account
of noise and wear of parts, means have now been combined with the release key by
which when the main carriage is turned up, the supplemental carriage or platen
frame is locked or held positively against falling rearwardly or moving indepen-
dently of said main carriage.
In the Remington machine, the means for shifting the platen-carrier rearwardly
for upper case printing consists essentially of a shift-rail or rod, a pair of bell
cranks or bent levers and two key-levers. In connection with this set of devices is
employed a coiled spring for returning the platen-carrier to its normal position
after having been actuated; and this spring is so connected to said shifting means
by intermediate devices as that it may also serve to hold said platen-carrier
constantly in its abnormal or shifted position, when it may be desired to write with
capital or upper case letters only. Heretofore the means for adjusting the tension
or power of said spring have been so constructed and arranged as to be most
inconvenient of manipulation, and to overcome this objection, an improved con-
struction has been provided and placed at a locality where it is most accessible for
making the desired adjustments of the spring.
Hitherto the Remington machine has been provided with an upper case shift key
at the left hand side of the machine and with a lower case shift key at the right
hand side of the machine, the former being used to shift the platen from lower case
position to upper case position and the latter from upper case position to lower

page_text: case position, when the platen had been shifted and locked or held for all upper
case work and it was desired to print lower case letters or numerals etc., without
disturbing the means employed for shifting and locking or holding the platen in
its abnormal position for upper case work. As many expert operators object to
this plan of construction, the machine has been reorganized in this respect and the
right hand shift key is now so arranged that it, as well as the left hand key is
adapted only to shift the platen from lower case to upper case position, which is
considered an advantage, since the shift may now be made by either of two keys,
and either by the right hand or the left hand, according as to which may be most.
convenient at the moment the shift is necessary.
Previously, the shifting key levers of said machine have been pivoted at the rear
of the machine and the connecting rods, extending to the bell cranks, bent and
attached about midway between the pivot and the finger-key. The result of this
construction is that too much power is required to make the shift while the extent
of depression of the finger-key is less than what is desired. In the present machine
the shifting key-levers are differently fulcrumed and arranged so that a gain in
depression and power are obtained.
In addition to the above recited improvements, the machine now contains
improved devices for guiding and supporting the inking-ribbon; also improved
devices for supporting the ribbon-spool shaft and spool, and also improved devices
for arresting the carriage to determine the amount of margin or the starting point
of the line.
In the accompanying drawings,
Figure 1 is a top plan view of the main paper carriage and platen-carrier, and
showing also a section of the rear guide and hinge-rail of the carriage as well as a
section of the platen-carrier shift rail.
Figure 2 is a vertical section taken at the line ww, of Fig. 1 and showing in
addition the means for moving the shift rail and the spring adjusting devices.
Figure 3 is a perspective view of the shifting means and spring adjusting
devices.
Figure 4 is a plan view of the ribbon mechanism.
Figure 5 is a front side view of the same.
Figure 6 is a vertical section taken at the line xx, of Fig. 4.
Figure 7 is a detail elevation showing the platen-carrier as raised and locked
against rearward movement relatively to the main carriage.
Figure 8 is a detail perspective of the platen-carrier locking device.
Figure 9 is a detail perspective of the shift-spring tension adjuster.
Figure 10 is a partial front elevation of the hinge and guide rod and the
margin stop.
Figure 11 is a central vertical section taken at the line y y, of Fig. 10.
Figure 12 is a horizontal section or plan taken at the base of the machine just
above the key levers.
Figure 13 is a vertical section taken at the line z z, of Fig. 12.
Much of the frame work and numerous parts of the complete machine having no
necessary connection with the improvements made the subject of this application
have been omitted for the purpose of simplifying the drawings and Specification as
much as possible.
Like numerals of reference in the several views indicate corresponding parts.
1 designates the main carriage, provided at its rear side with eyes 2 which
surround the rear guide and hinge-rail 3, supported at its ends in a post or
standard 4 at each side of the machine. 5, 5, are grooved anti-friction rollers,
supported in housings on the main carriage and arranged to travel on said guide-
rail. Hinged upon said guide-rail is a frame 6, provided with a vertical rack or
toothed bar 7 with which co-operate the usual letter-spacing dogs 8; shown in
dotted lines at Fig. 2.
The platen-carrier is arranged to move upon the main carriage, and consists
essentially of two slides connected together by a cross-bar 9. The slides are made

page_text: in the form of angle-irons, comprising each a horizontal plate or member 10 and a
vertical member or bar 11. The cross-rod 9 is connected at each end to one of
said vertical members or bars. The horizontal members or plates overlie the side-
bars of the main carriage as usual and are each provided with an elongated slot 12
into which projects a block 13 which serves at its ends as a stop to the back and
forth movements of the platen-carrier.
In upwardly projecting ears 14, of the platen-carrier is journaled a cylindrical
platen or impression roller 15 which supports the paper to be printed.
The paper is fed in line space direction by the usual pressure roller 16 and by
rubber bands 17.
The pressure roller is mounted in arms 18, pivoted at 19 to the platen-carrier.
At the ends of the pressure roller are grooved wheels 20, and on the cross-bar 9
are band pulleys 21 in line with the wheels 20. To the cross-bar 9, between the
band pulleys, are attached by screws from the under side two brackets or arms 22
provided each with depending flaring or beveled yoke blocks 23 which embrace a
platen shift-rail 24. The shift-rail is secured at the upper ends of the vertical
arms 25 of two bell cranks or bent levers which are fastened upon a rock-shaft or
axis 26, journaled at its ends in the side frames of the machine.
The horizontal arms 27, of the bell cranks or bent levers project rearwardly as
shown at Figs. 2 and 3.
To the arm 27 at the left hand side, is attached the upper end of a vertical
connecting rod 28, which at its lower end, by a turn buckle 29 is coupled to a
strap 30 which is connected to a shift key lever 31 bearing at its outer end a button
or head 32 and inscribed with the words "upper case."
"
To the arm 27 at the right hand side of the machine, is attached another
vertical connecting rod 33, which at its lower end is, in practice, connected to a
shift key lever 34, in a manner similar to that described in reference to the
connecting rod 28.
The key lever 34 is provided at its front end with a button or head 35, likewise
inscribed with the words "upper case."
The key levers 31 and 34 are each similarly pivoted or fulcrumed in a strap or
loop 36 secured to a right angled bracket 37, which is attached at the side of the
main frame 38, at or near the base of the machine.
Each lever is formed with a notch or cut away 39, which is fitted to a cross
pin 40 in said strap or loop 36. The said brackets and straps are arranged at
about the center of the machine lengthwise at each side, and the connecting rods 28
and 33 are connected to said levers at points nearer their fulcrums than their
respective finger pieces, in order to secure a greater depression of said finger pieces
and a gain in leverage over the previous construction.
The key levers 41 to which are connected the type bars (not shown) as well as
the levers of the space key 42 are all pivoted or fulcrumed upon a cross bar
at the rear of the machine as heretofore and as indicated by the dotted lines of
Fig. 12.
Formed integral with the left hand bell crank is a depending arm 43 to
which is pivoted at 44 a bent lever 45 provided at its lower front end with a
handle.
In the upper shorter arm of the bell crank is formed a slot 45 which embraces
a screw or pin 46 secured to said arm 43. By the pin and slot the movements of
said lever 45 are limited. At the upper end of said lever is provided a stud 47
upon which is pivoted the notched or hooked end 48 of a tension-adjusting device 49
provided with a segmental rack or series of depressions 50, into any of which
depressions may be fitted the upper hooked end 51 of a spiral spring 52, which
at its lower end is attached to a post 53 screwed into a cross bar 54 of the
framework. The tension-adjusting device 49 is provided with a stop or
projection 55 to prevent casual detachment of the spring and with a hand piece 56,
by which the device may be turned or moved about the pivot or stud 47 in
making adjustments,

page_text: The rack or series of depressions being formed on a curve, provision is made
for finer adjustments of the spring than heretofore, the rise or elevation of one
notch or depression above the preceding one being very gradual. In the position
in which the parts are shown at Figs. 2 and 3, the spring is connected at the
lowest notch or depression to exert a comparatively light tension or pull upon
the parts.
As the snail-like adjusting device 49 is turned forward about its pivot, and
the hook-shaped end of the spring seated in succeeding notches or depressions,
the tension of the spring will be gradually increased.
In the position in which the spring is arranged at Figs. 2 and 3, being forward
of the rock-shaft 26, it serves to return the platen-carrier to its normal position
after having been shifted by either of the keys 32 or 35 for the performance of
upper case work.
Upon the depression of either of said keys, the shaft 26 is rocked through
either connecting rod and bell crank, and the shift rail 24 is moved rearwardly
and through the yoke blocks 23 operates to push the platen carrier and platen
rearwardly from lower case to upper case position. During this movement, the
arm 43 is vibrated outwardly and through the bent lever 45 and adjusting device 49,
the spring is slightly elongated or stretched to provide the power necessary to
return all of the parts to their normal or first positions. As the horizontal arms 27
of the bell cranks both project in the same direction-namely rearwardly, and
are both fastened to the rock shaft 26, it follows that upon the depression of
either key 32 or 35, the shift rail 23 will move rearwardly and move the platen
from lower case to upper case position. Hence both of said keys 32 or 35 are upper
case shift keys.
Two such keys are provided one at each side of the machine for the greater
convenience of operators and to enable them to attain greater speed with the
machine.
When it may be desired to write with all capital letters, the bent lever 45
may be turned about its pivot 44 until the end 57 of the slot 45 strikes against the
pin or stop 46. By thus turning the bent lever, the adjusting device 49 is carried
with it to an extent such that the hooked end of the spring 50 is transferred from
a plane in front of the rock-shaft 26 to a position in rear thereof and consequently
the spring will then operate not only to keep the bent lever in the shifted position
but to also turn the rock shaft and move the shift rail and the platen-carrier
rearwardly to bring the platen to its abnormal or upper case position, and as long
as the spring remains in a position where it may exert its force or power in rear
of the rock shaft, the platen is held at its upper case or shifted position and hence
all of the writing will be done with capital letters or upper case characters. When
it may be desired to write with lower case letters again, the bent lever 45 and the
spring may be returned to the position shown at Figs. 2 and 3, by simply turning
down the handle portion of said bent lever.
At the left hand end of the hinged frame 6, which carries the feed rack 7 is
connected an arm 58, which is bent to pass over the guide rail 3 and which
terminates in front thereof and near the left hand side bar of the main carriage
frame. In bearings 59, secured exteriorly of said side bar is mounted a rock
shaft 60 which at its rearmost end is bent laterally inwardly as at 61 to meet and
rest upon the inner free end of the arm 58, and which at its foremost end is bent
upwardly and laterally inward to overlie the stop block 13 at the left side of the
carriage and form a finger piece or head 62.
.
The arrangement is such that by depressing said finger piece or head, the
rock shaft is turned in its bearings and the overlapping portion 61 is caused to
descend and carry with it the arm 58, by the descent of which the hinged
frame 6 is lifted and the rack 7 raised out of engagement with the feed dogs
so that the carriage may be fed or moved rapidly in either direction upon the
guide rod.
At the inner side of said left hand side bar of the main carriage is pivoted at 63 a

page_text: latch or locking device 64, which is formed with a leg 65 having a flange or
foot 66, which normally rests upon the inner free end of the arm 58.
The said latch is provided with an arm 67, a shoulder 68, and fingers 69 and 70.
The length of the said leg 65 is such that when resting upon the arm 58, the
arm 67 is caused to stand above the plane of the horizontal plate or member 10 of
the platen-carrier and the finger 70 to rest upon the rear bar of the main carriage
frame, as shown at Fig. 2.
While in this condition of the parts, either of the shift keys 32 or 35 may be
operated and the platen-carrier shifted to upper case position without being
interfered with in anywise by the said latch, the rear portion of the horizontal
plate 10 passing under the arm 67 and the rear portion of the vertical bar 11 passing
into the space or cut away formed between the arm 67 and the leg 65.
It will thus be seen that the arm 58 serves to hold the latch in a position such
that it cannot interfere with the shifting movements of the platen-carrier during
the time of writing and that the finger 70 serves as a stop to the upward movement
of the arm 58 and the downward movement of the hinged frame and rack bar.
When it may be desired to raise the carriage to inspect the work on the under
side of the platen, the latch acts to prevent the platen carrier with its accessories
from moving by gravity rearwardly as hereinbefore explained.
Upon raising the carriage, the arm 58 remains stationary and since the pre-
ponderance of weight of the latch is arranged on the forward side of its pivot, the
said latch will remain practically stationary until the rear end of the horizontal
plate or member 10 of the platen carrier arrives in line with the shoulder 68 of the
latch. The end of the plate 10 is engaged by the shoulder 68 almost at the starting
of the turning up of the paper carriage, and for this reason the platen-carrier is
prevented wholly from moving or sliding rearwardly, independently of the main
carriage. Soon after the engagement between the shoulder and platen-carrier, the
finger 69 by the upward movement of said carrier, is met by the upper surface of
the plate 10 and the main carriage, the platen-carrier, and latch all turn together
rigidly, about the guide rail 3 as a center of motion and the platen carrier remains
securely locked against independent movement rearwardly.
At Fig. 2 the dotted lines illustrate the engagement of the platen-carrier by the
latch and the parts as in the act of being turned up for inspection of the work on
the under side of the platen. This is also indicated by the full lines at Fig. 7 of the
drawings. The carriage may be conveniently lifted by the handle 71.
72 designates the ribbon spool shaft at the left hand side the machine adapted to
turn in bearings in supports 73, depending from the main frame and provided with
a beveled pinion 74 as usual in the Remington machine.
75 represents the spool shaft at the right hand side of the machine, provided with
a similar beveled pinion. These shafts are adapted to be alternately rotated by a
main shaft, turning constantly by a gearing which connects it with the driving
power of the machine as customary, but omitted herefrom for the sake of clearness.
Upon the shaft 72 is applied a ribbon spool 76 having flanges or heads 77, and
upon the spool shaft 75 is applied a ribbon spool 78 having flanges or heads 79.
80 designates a slide at the left hand side of the machine, which is supported by
the heads of screws 81, whose shanks pass upwardly through slots 82 and enter
threaded holes in the framework. To this slide is fastened a fork or frame 83,
which is bent downwardly and inwardly to embrace the heads or flanges of the
ribbon spool 76.
At the right hand side of the machine, 84 designates another slide supported by
screws 81 passing through slots 82 and entering tapped holes in the framework.
Attached to this slide is a fork or fiame 85, which is also bent downwardly and
inwardly to embrace the heads or flanges 79 of the ribbon spool 78.
To each of said slides 80 and 84 is riveted a ribbon support and guide consisting
each of two inwardly projecting arms 86 and a transversely extending open loop or
eye 67 made from a single piece of wire or sheet metal.
The arms 86 extend inwardly from each slide first horizontally, then obliquely

page_text: upwardly and then horizontally again, and are bent or curved to approach each
other at the locality of the loop or eye and to leave between them an opening or
slot 87 through which the ribbon may be conveniently passed edgewise, in putting
it in place, instead of threading it axially through a closed eye or loop.
At about the junction of the oblique portions of the arms 86, and the innermost
horizontal portions of said arms or at a point about vertically over the locality at
which the ribbon leaves or returns to the spool, is secured a cross bar 88.
The ribbon is attached to one spool then carried up vertically over the said cross
bar, then between the innermost horizontal portions of the arms 86, then through
the eye or loop 67 by first passing it edgewise through the opening or slot 87,
thence over past the printing point of the machine and through the eye or loop on
the other support and guide, entering the leading end of the ribbon into said loop
or eye through the opening or slot 87 by a similar edgewise movement, then down
over the cross bar 88, and thence to the ribbon spool at the opposite side of the
machine.
By bending the arms 86 of the supports obliquely upward, the required height
for the horizontal travel of the ribbon is obtained and by the employment of the
cross bars 88, the proper direction is given to the ribbon 89, while the loops or eyes
serve to support the ribbon against unduly sagging, and also prevent any lateral
movement of the ribbon edgewise, when passing longitudinally from one spool to
the other.
Thus the ribbon is properly supported and guided or directed.
The slides 80 and 84, are, as usual, provided each with a rocker-arm 90 which
extends up from a rock-shaft 91, serving to connect both of said slides together.
By moving either of said rocker arms, both slides are moved simultaneously, and
by reason of the forks or frames 83 and 85 embracing the heads of the spools, both
of said spools are moved simultaneously with the slides either backward or forward
according to the direction in which the rocker arm is moved.
This lateral shifting of the ribbon is effected for the usual purpose of bringing
into use a fresh portion or field of the ribbon. The slides and their accessories are
held in their shifted positions by means of a spring-actuated dog 92 engaging with
a rack or series of teeth 93, on the slide 84. The latter if desired may be provided
with a handle or finger piece 94 by which the slides and the ribbon spools and
ribbon may be moved laterally or transversely without taking hold of either of the
rocker arms.
The supports for the spool shaft 75 at the right hand side of the machine are
differently constructed from those at the left hand side of the machine.
The lower ends of the supports 95, at the right hand side, are cut away to provide
a hook or half bearing 96.
Pivoted at 97 upon each of said supports is a lever or arm formed with a hook or
half bearing 98 and with a finger piece 99.
This arm or lever is provided with a flat spring adapted to press the half
bearing 98 towards the half bearing 96. By this construction, the spool shaft 75,
with its spool may be readily connected and disconnected and the insertion and
removal of ribbons consequently greatly facilitated.
If it be desired to remove a ribbon and substitute another one for it, the ribbon
may be wholly wound upon the spool 78, then the pivoted arms or levers may be
pulled outwardly by the finger-pieces 99, to separate the bearings 96 and 98, and
the spool shaft 75 and ribbon spool thereon removed from the machine. The spool
may then be slipped or slid off of the shaft and another spool with a new or different
ribbon substituted for it on said shaft, which may then be conveniently returned to
place by pulling out again the said arms or levers, fitting the ends of the shaft first into
the half bearings 96 and then permitting the springs 100 to move the half bearings 98
against the shaft so as to complete the bearing or support and confine the shaft
properly in position.
'
In practice, one end of the shaft is first put in or taken out and then the other.
The guide rail 3 is provided with a series of perforations 101, preferably on the

page_text: under side, to receive a bolt or pin 102, fitted in or upon a block or piece 103,
which is provided with a hole of the shape of the guide rail, and is adapted to slide
thereupon. The bolt or pin 102 is bent to resemble somewhat the form of the
capital letter J, and the block is cut away or recessed at 104 to accommodate said
bolt, which is threaded at its upper end, as at 105, to receive an interiorly threaded
cap or head 106, which projects above the top of the block.
Within the cut away or recess 101 and surrounding the longer vertical portion
or stem of the bolt is a spiral spring 107 tending to press said bolt upwardly and to
keep its shorter vertical or operating end within any of the holes or perforations 101
in the guide rail.
This spring-actuated bolt, in connection with the perforations in the guide rail,
serves to lock or hold the block 103 at any desired point upon said rail for the
purpose of affording a stop to the travel of the carriage and thus regulating the
amount of margin.
"
The holes 101 may be graduated and marked to correspond with the marking of
the machine scale as indicated by the numerals "10, 20" and "30" on the guide
rail at Fig. 10, a section or portion of which only is shown thereat.
In said figure
the stop-block 103 is illustrated as locked midway between the perforations
marked "10 and "20," or at "15," and hence at each return of the carriage
for the beginning of a new line, the said carriage will be checked at this locality,
and the margin of the page being written will be uniform in width. If in com-
mencing a new page, or at any other time it should be desired to provide for a
margin of different width, the cap piece 106 may be depressed by the finger against
the force of the spring to move the operating end of the bolt or pin from the hole
at 15, and the block may then be slid to any other hole along the guide rail, and
upon reaching said hole and removing the finger from the head of the bolt, the
spring will operate to effect an engagement of said bolt with said hole and secure
the stop block positively in its new position.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, 1 declare that what I
claim is:-
1st. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a hinged main paper carriage,
a hinged frame having a feed-rack and a forwardly extending arm, a rock-shaft or
release key to act on said arm to vibrate said hinged frame, a transversely-movable
platen-carrier, and a latch or locking device to catch and hold the platen carrier
when the main carriage is raised for inspection of the work on the under side of the
platen.
2nd. In a type-writing machine, the combination with the hinged main paper
carriage, and its feeding and releasing mechanisms, of a transversely-movable
platen-carrier, and a pivoted locking device consisting of a depending leg, an arm,
a shoulder, and stop fingers.
3rd. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a shiftable platen-carrier,
means for shifting the same, a returning spring, and a tension-adjuster for said
spring consisting essentially of a pivoted device provided with a series of notches
or depressions arranged at varying distances from the pivot or center of motion of
said device.
4th. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a shiftable platen-carrier, a
shift-rail, a bell crank, a key for operating the same, an arm depending from said
bell crank, a bent lever pivoted to said arm, means for limiting the motion of said
bent lever, a tension-adjuster pivoted to said bent lever and having a series of
depressions disposed substantially as shown and described, a spiral spring connected
at one end to a stationary part of the machine and at its other end to said tension-
adjuster.
5th. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a shiftable platen-carrier, a
shift-rail connected to a pair of bell cranks, the arms of each of which project in
the same direction, and a key-lever at each side of the machine connected to one

page_text: of said bell cranks, whereby the platen may be shifted in the same direction by
either the right hand key-lever or the left hand key-lever.
6th. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a shiftable platen-carrier, a
shift-rail, a bell crank at each side of the machine having an upright arm connected
to the shift-rail and a horizontal rearwardly-projecting arm, a connecting-rod
arranged at each side of the machine and attached at its upper end to the
horizontal rearwardly-projecting arm of its associated bell crank, and a key-lever
arranged at each side of the machine and connected to one of said connecting-rods,
whereby the platen may be moved rearwardly by actuating a key at the right hand
side or one at the left hand side of the machine.
7th. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a shiftable platen-carrier, a
shift-rail, a pair of connected bell cranks, a key-lever fulcrumed at the side and
about centrally of the machine, a finger-piece on said key-lever, and a connecting
rod attached at its upper end to one of said bell cranks and at its lower end
connected to said key-lever at a point nearer its fulcrum than its finger-piece.
8th. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a shiftable platen-carrier,
a shift-rail, a pair of connected bell cranks, a connecting-rod, and a key-lever
fulcrumed in a strap or loop on a bracket at the side of the machine and about
midway of its length.
9th. In a type-writing machine, a ribbon-support and guide consisting of a loop
or eye and connecting-arms, the parts being so bent or formed as to provide a slot
or opening for the introduction of the ribbon to the loop or eye by an edgewise
movement of the ribbon.
10th. In a type-writing machine, a ribbon-support and guide consisting of a pair
of arms bent to approach each other and form a slot or opening, and a loop or eye
connected to and made integral with said arms at said slot or opening.
11th. In a type-writing machine, the combination with a pair of ribbon-spools, a
pair of ribbon-spool shafts a pair of connected slides, each connected to one of
said spools, and a pair of ribbon-guides and supports, one connected to each of said
slides, and consisting each of horizontally and upwardly bent arms and an open
loop or eye.
12th. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a ribbon-spool, a ribbon-
spool shaft, a support having a partial bearing for the end of said shaft, and a
pivoted or movable support having the remainder of the bearing for said shaft.
13th. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a ribbon-spool, a ribbon-
spool shaft, a pair of fixed supports for the ends of said shaft having each a
partial bearing, and a pair of pivoted spring-pressed arms or levers having each
also a partial bearing.
14th. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a carriage, a carriage
guide-rail having perforations, and a stop-block provided with a spring-actuated
pin or bolt.
15th. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a carriage, a carriage
guide-rail having perforations, a recessed stop-block, a bolt or pin having a stem
and finger-piece, and a spring for forcing said bolt or pin into said perforations.
Dated this 9th day of December 1891.
FELL & WILDING,
1, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C., Agents for the Applicant.