IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR RAISING LIQUIDS
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Lloyd Wise, of Chandos Chambers, Adelphi, in
the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR
RAISING LIQUIDS." A communication from abroad by Joseph Jean Marçais,
of Paris, France.
Sealed the 21st December 1877, and dated the 10th July 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Lloyd Wise at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th July 1877.
sex.
WILLIAM LLOYD WISE, of Chandos Chambers, Adelphi, in the County of Middle-
'IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR RAISING LIQUIDS." (A communication from
abroad by Joseph Jean Marçais, of Paris, France.)
This apparatus, as described by my foreign correspondent, consists of an accumu-
lator of power and an ascending column utilizing the power accumulated.
:
The accumulator consists of two receivers, each having an aperture at its base
closed by a sluice valve, and of a liquid reserve maintained at a constant level. At
the top of the reserve are two basins, each communicating with it by an aperture
provided with a sluice valve, each basin containing a float which works the above-
named valves.
The sluice valves are so arranged that when the aperture of either of the basins
is uncovered that of the corresponding receiver is closed, and vice versa.
A pipe
proceeds from the bottom of each basin and terminates in the lower portion of the
corresponding receiver. The floats and also the rods of the sluice valves are jointed
to the two ends of a lever of the first kind, with equal arms. A syphon-shaped air
tube connects the top of each receiver with the bottom of a single small receiver,
half full of liquid; a single pipe connects the upper portion of this small receiver
with the upper portion of the first or lower vessel of the ascending column. This
vessel is submerged in the liquid, a portion of which is to be raised. It has an
aperture at the bottom furnished with a valve opening inwards, and another
aperture at the top with a valve closing outwards, which is kept open by its own
weight and is closed by a float when the liquid rises to the top of the vessel. A
pipe connects the bottom of the first vessel with the upper portion of the second.

page_text: The difference of height between the base of the first vessel and the top of the
second is always less than that between the top of the receivers and bottom of the
basins. The second vessel is provided at the top with a valve seat similar to that
in the first, and the valves at the tops of all these vessels may be simple clack valves
kept open by slight power sufficient to prevent closing before being acted upon by
the pressure of the accumulator.
A pipe connects the bottom of the second vessel with the top of a third in a
similar manner, and so on for the whole height of the column. The valve aperture
at the top of the first vessel communicates with the inside of the second vessel by a
small pipe passing through the bottom of the latter and terminating a short distance
below its cover, and so on for the rest of the column, the number of the vessels
depending on the useful height of the basin with respect to the receivers and on the
height to which the liquid is to be raised.
Working of the Apparatus.-The aperture in the bottom of the first basin being
open and that in the bottom of the first receiver closed, the corresponding aperture
in the second basin and second receiver being respectively closed and open, all the
clack valves in the tops of the ascending column of vessels being open, and the valve
at the bottom of the lowest of these vessels resting in its seat, then, if liquid is first
introduced round the first vessel, it will lift the valve in the bottom of such vessel,
drive the air out through the valve in the top and fill the said vessel, when it will
close the float valve in the top. The liquid then being allowed to enter the reserve,
and the aperture in the bottom of the first basin being uncovered the liquid will
enter that basin whence it will fall by the connecting pipe into the first receiver,
the aperture at the bottom of which is closed; it will fill this, expel the air through
the syphon pipe into the small receiver and enter the first vessel of the ascending
column, the water of which it will drive before it into the second.vessel, the valve
in the top of that vessel being open, and those in the bottom and top of the first or
lowest vessel being closed under the pressure of the air as it enters, and this
operation will be repeated till the last or highest vessel in the column is filled, when
the liquid will overflow.
As all the vessels are in communication with the atmosphere by means of each
other, they will be in equilibrium with it. The entire column will then return to
the same state at which it was at the commencement of the operation, and it will be
sufficient for the first or bottom vessel to become full again that the air pipe
communicating with the small receiver be closed during the necessary interval. The
lower vessel being filled, and the water pipe being again opened, everything will
again take place as before.
In some
cases, the following among other modifications of detail may be
adopted:
1st. A valve closing inwards may be fixed on each of the two large receivers in
substitution for the small receiver and bent pipe.
2nd. By causing this bent pipe to pass in the immediate neighbourhood of the
water at its point of issue from the column, and by providing the pipe at any desired
point with a cock closing at the right time by the action of the water which flows
therefrom, and re-opening automatically when the flow ceases; the lower vessel
immersed in the water fills itself freely by means of the valve at its base which is
lifted.
The arrangements for determining the precise moment for closing the cock in
question, and the period for which it should remain closed, would vary with each
apparatus erected.
3rd. The air exit orifices in the top of each vessel, and furnished with a tube
turned into the vessel immediately above, may be mere openings or be governed by
valves.
4th. It is important that the water passing through the pipes connecting the
receivers with the basins should carry as much air with it as possible. These pipes
must therefore, as far as circumstances will permit, be provided with the well known
arrangements given to water blowing machines.

page_text: It may be advisable to adopt other arrangements of the accumulator and ascending
column. This may be effected in cases where the fall is inconsiderable by suspend-
ing a cylinder vertically above the level of the lower body of liquid, balancing the
cylinder by counterweights as in gas holders. A pipe passing vertically through the
centre of the cylinder slides easily in the sleeve or socket (fixed vertically above the
centre of the cylinder, and terminating in an upper basin) for a length slightly
greater than the height of the cylinder, which together with its pipe are capable of
rising and falling freely. Let us suppose the cylinder at its greatest height, namely,
out of the lower body of liquid; if at this instant the orifice at the upper end of
the sleeve be opened, and the valve at the base of the cylinder closed, the liquid in
the upper basin which communicates with the sleeve or socket will enter the
cylinder which will be plunged into the liquid of the lower basin until it rests on
the support, which is so arranged as to keep the top of the cylinder out of the
liquid. If at the instant the cylinder touches the support on which it rests, the
valve at the base of the cylinder is opened, and that at the upper end of the sleeve
closed, the liquid will begin to run out of the cylinder in consequence of the excess
of pressure caused by the portion of the cylinder remaining out of the liquid, and
the cylinder itself becoming gradually lighter, in proportion as the water runs off,
will rise under the action of the counterweights till when completely empty it
regains its former position.
In order to admit the air at the proper time for discharging the liquid, the dome
of the cylinder may be provided with a self-acting cock which may be worked by
the cylinder itself, but if on reaching the top of the stroke the upper orifice is
opened and the lower one is closed, the liquid will again begin to enter and the
operation will be repeated as before. The alternate workings of the valves or slides
may be effected directly by the rise and fall of the cylinder, or by suitable com-
binations of rods and buffers. A portion of the air tube should be flexible to admit
of following the motion of the cylinder, or it should slide upon itself by means of a
joint socket of sufficient length, and similar to that previously described.
In some cases, and in order to obtain a good continuous working, the number of
accumulators may be increased.
The arrangement above described utilizes the whole height of fall minus the few
inches necessary for determining the flow of liquid in the cylinder at the bottom of
its stroke and the rising of the latter. In the ascending column the arrangement
which causes the air to pass through the same pipe as the liquid gives good results
in small appliances, and as these pipes are of small sectional area, the air entering at
their lower ends when the vessels are emptied constitutes a piston, and forces through
them all or the genter part of the liquid which they contain. Such is not the case
in larger appliances; the air acting upon the lower end of the column of liquid
passes through the pipe, and only carrying part of the liquid, the rest may form a
secondary column at the base of the pipe sufficiently high to create an air pressure
sufficient to close the air valve, causing shocks at first which if numerous might
result in a stoppage. This difficulty may be avoided by leading the air entirely
through separate air tubes. On the top of each of these tubes a small lever of the
first order is mounted, carrying at one end a rigid rod working in guides which
descends into the interior of the tube until it touches the closed valve, and at the
other end a float resting in its seat when the vessel is empty, but rising under the
action of the liquid reaches the top of the vessel. The float in rising depresses the
rod which opens the valve at the bottom, and gives passage to the air. Let us
suppose that it is the vessel above the lowest which is in question; the opening of
the valve in the air tube leading from the cover must take place at the instant
preceding that in which the air would enter the pipe rising from the lowest vessel
to the one above, viz., when the surface of the liquid in the lowest vessel is level
with the bottom of the said pipe. This is what happens, the air entering the second
vessel causes the liquid to fall from the pipe connecting the first and second vessels,
after which it acts so as to continue the raising action of the pipe leading from the

page_text: second to the third vessel. It is necessary that the opening of the valve by the
float should only take place when the filling is complete.
In some cases it might be useful to insert the ends of the air and liquid tube in a
small dome placed at a slightly greater elevation.
The same float of the second vessel, which opens by inverse action the valve in
the air tube leading from the cover of the lowest vessel, nay by direct action simul-
taneously close the air valve in the cover of the second vessel.
It has been seen from the preceding explanations that the valve in the bottom of
the lowest vessel of the ascending column remains in action during the whole time
required for the liquid to rise through the successive stages to the top of the column.
If the successive stages were numerous this valve might become a source of danger,
being in fact liable to arrest substances in suspension in the liquid, and the inter-
position of one of them would suffice to cause an escape of liquid in the first instance
and an escape of air afterwards. It is therefore simpler in most cases to dispense
with this valve, and substitute for it a plunger pipe open at both ends, rising to the
top of the vessel and descending outside into the liquid to a sufficient depth to
prevent the air from forcing the liquid through its base and thus escaping.
It is advisable when a plunger pipe is thus employed to immerse the lowest vessel
to a sufficient depth with a view to enabling its being filled more rapidly.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Lloyd Wise in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 10th
January 1878.
"
WILLIAM LLOYD WISE, of Chandos Chambers, Adelphi, in the County of Middle-
sex. IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR RAISING LIQUIDS." (A communication from
abroad by Joseph Jean Marçais, of Paris, France.)
This apparatus, as described by my foreign correspondent, consists of,-
(1.) An accumulator of power.
(2.) An ascending column, utilizing the power accumulated.
Accumulator, Figs. 1 and 2.-This consists of two receivers A, A¹, (Figs. 1 and 2),
and of a water reserve R maintained at a constant level. Each receiver is provided
at its base with an aperture B, B1, (Figs. 1 and 2), closed by a sluice valve. At the
top of the reserve two basins C, C₁, (Figs. 1 and 2) communicate with it by two
apertures D, D', (Figs. 1 and 2). Each of these apertures is provided with a sluice
valve. In each basin a float works the valves both of the reserve and of the
receivers. The sluice valves are so arranged that when the aperture of the basin C
is uncovered that of the corresponding receiver A is closed, the aperture. of the
basin C closed, and that of the receiver A¹ uncovered.
Reciprocally, when the aperture of the receiver A is uncovered that of the
basin C is closed, that of the receiver A' closed, and that of the basin C¹ uncovered.
From the bottom of each basin proceeds a pipe T, T, and T¹, T', terminating in
the lower portion of the corresponding receiver. The floats V, VI, (Figs. 1 and 2),
and also the rods of the sluice valves are jointed, one float and one rod to each of the
two ends of a lever of the first kind, with two equal arms.
An air tube H, H, H, (Fig. 1), proceeds from the top of each of the receivers, and
after being bent back, as shewn in Fig. 1, it terminates at the bottom of a single
2

page_text: small receiver S, half full of water. A single pipe E (Fig. 1) proceeds from the
upper portion of this small receiver, and terminates in the upper portion of the
lower vessel of the ascending column.
This
Ascending Column, Fig. 3.-The first vessel M is submerged in the water, a
certain quantity of which is to be raised to the top of the column; it has at the
bottom an aperture provided with a valve a opening inwards (Fig. 3), and at the
top another aperture also provided with a valve b closing outwards (Fig. 3).
last-named valve, kept open by its own weight, is worked by a float, which closes
it when the water rises to the top of the vessel. A pipe G, G, proceeds from the
bottom of the vessel M, and terminates in the upper portion of the second vessel M¹
(Fig. 3).
The difference of height between the base of the vessel M and the top of the
vessel M¹ should always be less than the difference in height between the top of the
receivers A and A' and the bottom of the basins C and C1 (Figs. 1 and 2).
The second vessel M¹ is provided at its top with an opening and a valve b¹ similar
to that at b in the vessel M. The valve b¹ of the vessel M¹, as well as the similar
valvės 61, 61, V., etc., of the vessels M, M¹, MIV. etc., may be reduced to a simple
clack valve made of leather, india-rubber, etc., kept open by a spring of slight power,
or by a counterweight sufficient to prevent its closing before it is acted upon by the
pressure of the accumulator. A pipe G¹, G', proceeds from the bottom of the
vessel M¹, and terminates at the top of the vessel M".
The third vessel M" is arranged with respect to the vessel M¹ in the same
manner as the latter is with respect to the vessel M in such a way that the
difference in height between the base of the vessel M' and the top of vessel M"
is less than the difference of height between the top of the receivers A and A¹ and
the bottom of the basins C and Č¹ (Figs. 1 and 2). The same must be observed of
the vessel M, with respect to the vessel M, and of the vessel MIV. with respect
to the vessel M, and so on for the whole height of the column.
The valve aper-
ture (b) of the vessel M communicates with the inside of the vessel M¹ by a small
pipe ; the valve aperture (61) of the vessel M with the inside of the vessel M" by
a similar pipe ; the valve aperture (61) of the vessel M" with the inside of the
vessel M by a pipe kl, and so on for the rest of the column; the number of vessels
in which depends on the useful height of the basin with respect to the receivers, and
also on the final height to which the water is to be raised.
Working of the Apparatus-Let it be supposed that the apparatus is in position,
as shewn in and described with reference to the accompanying Drawing. The
aperture D of the basin C¹ is open; the aperture B' of the receiver A¹ is closed;
the aperture D of the basin C is closed, and the aperture B of the receiver A is open.
All the valves b, b¹, b¹¹, b¹¹¹, LIV., etc., of the ascending column are open. The valve a
at the bottom of the vessel M rests on its seat; if, when everything is thus
arranged, water is first introduced round the vessel A it will lift the valve a, drive
out the air through the valve b, and fill the said vessel M, until encountering the
float of the valve bit closes the latter. The vessel M being thus filled with water,
and the valve b closed, if water be allowed to enter the reserve R, this water
finding the aperture D¹ uncovered will enter the basin C, whence it will-fall by the
pipe T, T, into the receiver A¹³, the aperture B¹ at the bottom of which is closed.
It will fill this receiver, expelling the air through the pipe H, H.
This air will pass
through the small receiver S, and enter by the pipe E, E, the vessel M, the water
of which it will drive before it into the vessel M, an action that will take place
without difficulty, as the valve b¹ will be open, and the valves a and b closed under
the pressure of the air as it enters. The water rising in the vessel M¹ will
encounter the float of the valve b', and will close it at the moment the air of the
vessel M enters the vessel M³, in consequence of its being driven forward by the
water.
It will be understood that, instead of float valves simple clacks with counter-
weights may be used, which would be closed sharply by the air entering. The air

page_text: .
in entering the vessel M³ will act as in the vessel M; it will expel the water from
the vessel M11; the water having filled this vessel will close its valve, and will be
followed by the air, which will cause it to rise in the vessel M¹¹, and so on to the
top of the column, where it will fall over the outside.
As all the vessels M, M', M", M¹¹, etc., are in communication with the atmosphere
by means of each other, they will be in equilibrium with it. The entire column
will then return to the same state in which it was at the commencement of the
operation, and it will be sufficient for the vessel M to become full again that the air
pipe E, E, be closed during the necessary space of time. The vessel M being filled,
and the water pipe being again opened, everything will again take place as before,
and a fresh quantity of water will rise from vessel to vessel until it reaches the top
of the column.
Let
If the receiver A' be infinitely larger than the sum of the vessels M, M', M.", etc.,
the water will fall over the top at intervals for an unlimited period; but in
practice the receiver A¹ is not of indefinite volume, and whatever be its size in ratio
to the vessel M, smaller, equal, or larger, a moment will come when it is itself full
of water, and consequently incapable of working; whence it follows that if this
receiver were alone, there would be a necessity for a periodical stoppage during the
time necessary to empty it. In order to avoid this difficulty, and also to facilitate
the operation, it is preferable to work with two combined receivers A and A¹.
it be supposed that the receiver A' is full; the water rises in the basin C', lifts the
float V, which closes the aperture D', and opens the aperture B'. The basin C', as
well as the receiver A', then become completely empty, but the float V1 in rising
depresses the float V, which opens the aperture D, and closes the aperture B. The
.receiver A from that time commences to work in place of the receiver A', which
becomes empty. When this is full, and also its corresponding basin C, the float V
rises in its turn, closing the aperture D, and opening the aperture B at the same
time that the float V is lowered, opening the aperture .D', and closing the
aperture B. The receiver A is emptied, and the receiver A' again begins to work.
The preceding description is sufficient to explain all the mechanisin of this alternate
movement, producing a continuous action on the column.
Observations as to Detail.-1st. The receiver S with its bent pipe H, H, acts as
a safety tube, and prevents any return of the air of the ascending columns into the
receivers A and A¹ whenever they become empty. This receiver S may be replaced
by a valve closing inwards fixed on each receiver A and A¹.
2nd. When the water, as explained, falls over the top of the column, the air com-
pressed in this column escapes into the atmosphere, and the vessel M immersed in
the water fills itself freely by means of the valve at its base, which is lifted; but in
order that this shall occur it is necessary, as has been remarked, that the vessel in
question be relieved from the pressure of the compressed air issuing from the
receiver A. or from the receiver A1; this result is easily secured by causing the pipe
E, E, to pass in the immediate neighbourhood of the water at its point of issue from
the column, and by providing this pipe at any desired point with a cock closing at the
proper time by the very action of the water which flows therefrom, and opening again
automatically when the flow ceases. It is easy to detirmine practically the precise
moment for the closing of the cock in question, as well as the time it should remain
closed, and consequently to regulate the flow of water issuing from the column. The
arrangements to be made for this purpose will necessarily vary with each apparatus
erected; they are in every case too numerous and too easy to design to necessitate
the pointing out of any special arrangement.
3rd. As has been already seen, each of the air exit orifices 6, 61, 6¹¹, etc., governed
by valves, instead of being a mere opening freely exposed to the outer air, is pro-
vided with a tube l, k, l, kl, etc., turned into the vessel immediately above. This
arrangement has been adopted for neutralizing as much as possible the incon-
venience of valves not closing properly; by this arrangement, whatever be the
number of the vessels, there is no danger of more than one valve at a time allowing

page_text: the air to escape owing to its pressure. In large sizes of the apparatus these tubes
also have another office, which will be explained further on.
4th. It is important that the water in falling through the pipes T and T¹ draws
along with it as much air as possible; these pipes must then have, as far as circun-
stances will permit, the well-known arrangements given to water blowing machines.
Other Arrangements of the Accumulator and of the Ascending Column-
Accumulator. When the height of fall is inconsiderable it is advisable (1), to reduce
the number of successive stages in the ascending column; (2), to utilize the whole of
the height available. This double result is obtained by substituting for the arrange-
ment of accumulator represented in Figs. 1 and 2 that shewn in Fig. 4, the ascending
column remaining the same in both cases. In this new arrangement the cylinder A
is vertical, and suspended above the level of the lower body of water by the counter-
weights P, P, as is done with gas holders.
The pipe T slides easily in the sleeve or socket N for a length slightly greater
than the height of the cylinder A; the cylinder A and its pipe are therefore capable
of rising and falling freely.
Let us suppose the cylinder A at its greatest height, that is to say, out of the
lower body of water; if at this instant the orifice X of the sleeve or socket be opened
and the valve B at its base closed, the water in the upper basin will enter the
cylinder, which would be plunged into the water of the lower basin until it rested
on the support Z, which is itself arranged so as to keep the top of the cylinder
out of the water. If at the instant the cylinder touches the support Z the valve B
opens and the valve ✗ closes, at the same time the water in the cylinder will begin
to run out on account of the excess of pressure caused by the portion of the cylinder
remaining out of the water; and the cylinder itself becoming gradually lighter in
proportion as the water runs off, will rise under the action of the counterweights
until it regains its former position, to which it will attain when completely empty.
It is however necessary in order that the water may run off that the dome of the
cylinder be provided with a self-acting cock for admitting the air at the proper time;
this cock may be worked by the cylinder itself. But if on reaching the top of its
stroke it uncovers the orifice X and closes the orifice B, the water will again begin
to enter, causing the immersion of the cylinder until again encountering the sup-
port Z, which, determining the opening of the valve B and the closing of the valve X,
will cause the cylinder again to ascend.
The alternate working of the valves or sluices X and B may be brought about
directly by the alternate rise and fall of the cylinder itself, and this by means of
combinations of rods and striking pieces suitably arranged. As the arrangement of
all these minor details presents no particular difficulty, and may be carried out by
usual means in any case, it is unnecessary to describe specially any one of the com-
binations that are suitable. The two representations, one in full lines and the other
dotted, of the cylinder in its two extreme positions suffice moreover to explain the
working of the whole system.
A portion of the air tube H should be flexible, of india-rubber for instance, so that
it may be able to follow the motion of the cylinder, or to slide itself in a joint socket
of sufficient length and similar to that described above.
It will be seen that the apparatus is complete with a single accumulator having a
volume in relation to that of the ascending column, a circumstance which need not
prevent, for obtaining a good continuous working of the apparatus, the doubling,
tripling, or even quadrupling the number of accumulators, and that for a single
ascending column.
The arrangement described above utilizes the whole height of fall, minus the few
inches necessary for determining the flow of the water in the cylinder at the bottom
of its stroke, and the rising of the latter.
Ascending Column.-The arrangement, which consists in causing the air to pass
through the same pipes as the water, gives good results in small appliances. As
the pipes which give passage to the water are in fact of very small sectional area,

page_text: the air which enters by the bottom of these pipes when the vessels are emptied,
constitutes a piston, and forces along all the water which they contain, or at any
rate the larger portion of this water. But the case is not the same in appliances
that attain any considerable size. The column of water acted upon underneath by
the air entering through the bottom of the pipe is penetrated by this air, which
only draws along a part of it, and the rest may in certain cases form at the base of
the pipe a secondary column sufficiently high to deterinine a pressure of air capable
of again closing the air valve. The consequence would be an intermittent action,
with shocks at first, and aftewards, if the successive stages were numerous, a stoppage
caused by the united action of the successive stages. I avoid this difficulty by
arranging for the air to be led entirely through the air tubes k, l, le, c¹¹, etc. For
this purpose on the top of each of these tubes I mount a small lever of the
first kind, carrying at one end a rigid rod working in guides, which descends into
the interior of the tube until it touches the closed valve, and at the other end a
float resting on its seat when the vessel is empty, but which rises under the action
of the water when the latter reaches the top of the vessel. The float in rising
depresses the rod, which opens the valve at the bottom, and gives passage to the
air. Let us suppose that it is the vessel M' which is in question; the opening of
the valve must take place at the instant preceding that in which the air would
enter the pipe G, G, rising from the vessel M to the vessel M', that is to say, when
the surface of the water in the vessel M becomes level with the bottom of the said
pipe. This is what happens:-The air entering the vessel M¹ first causes the water
to fall from the pipe G, G, after which it acts so as to continue the raising action by
the pipe G¹, G'
It is necessary that the opening of the valve, by the float, only takes place when
the filling is complete. In certain cases it might be useful to insert the ends of the
air and water tubes in a small dome, placed at a slightly greater elevation. The
same float of the vessel M', which opens by inverse action the valve b of the
vessel M, may at the same time close the valve b' by direct action. No special
arrangement for this purpose is proposed as the various means already well known
will serve to practically carry out the operation just described; these means are very
numerous, presenting no difficulty of application, and may be varied according to
the requirements of each apparatus.
It has been seen by the preceding explanations that the valve a of the lower
vessel of the ascending column remains in action during the whole of the time
required for the water to rise through the successive stages to the top of the
column.
If the successive stages are numerous, this valve might become a source of danger.
It is in fact liable to arrest all the extraneous substances in suspension in the water;
and the interposition of one of them would suffice to cause an escape of water in the
first instance, and an escape of air afterwards. It is then simpler in most cases
to do away with this valve, and substitute for it a plunger pipe R, R, shewn in dotted
lines on Fig. 3, and open at both ends; this pipe rises to the top of the vessel, and
descends outside into the water to a sufficient depth to prevent the air from forcing
the water through its base and escaping that way. It is advisable, when a plunger
pipe is thus employed, to immerse the vessel M to a sufficient depth, with a view to
enabling its being filled more rapidly.
Such being the main features and details of the Invention, it is to be observed
that the first of the principal results, characteristic of the Invention, is to raise
water to any height without the pressure in the ascending column increasing in
proportion to the height attained; also that another result not less important,
is the ability to act at any distance, and at any height, as the air pipe proceeding
from the accumulator to the ascending column may be of indefinite length, and ter-
minate in the column at any level; and that a third result is the ability to raise any
kind of liquid besides the water constituting the motive power..
Having described the said Invention in accordance with the description commu-

page_text: nicated to me as aforesaid, I claim the use for the raising of liquids, of apparatus
substantially as herein-before described and shewn.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Lloyd Wise, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Tenth day of January, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-eight.