Improvements in Shutters for Photographic Cameras.
Year: 1897

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Shutters for Photographic Cameras.
We, THE EASTMAN PHOTOGRAPHIC MATERIALS COMPANY LIMITED, of 115 and
117, Oxford Street, in the County of London, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention (which has been communicated to us from abroad by Robert
Kroedel, of Rochester, in the County of Monroe, and State of New York, United
States of America, Engineer) to be as follows:-
This invention relates to photographic camera shutters and has for its object
to improve their construction and operation, so that the shutter is opened and
closed positively and the various adjustments necessary for operating the shutter
for time exposure, instantaneous exposure and bulb exposure are readily
accomplished.
66
"
a screw;
The casing of the shutter may be of any suitable construction for instance
it may embody a back plate, to which is attached an annular casing or rim
covered by a front plate and having a central aperture corresponding to the lens
aperture in the back plate. The shutter proper, or light intercepting medium
may be composed of two wings, or shutter members, each pivotted on
the said shutter members being connected by a curved bar or plate, secured on
opposite sides of the pivotal centres and so arranged that they will be moved in
opposite directions away from the lens opening when an exposure is made, and
brought together again over the opening, slightly lapping to exclude the passage
of light.
While it is preferred to use this type of shutter proper in connection with these
improvements, as it enables the lens aperture to be opened by a comparatively
slight movement and enables small shutter wings to be employed, the invention
is not confined in its application to a shutter of this type, as other forms can be
used.
The means for causing the necessary movement of the light excluding medium or
shutter proper, embodies a moveable plate or actuating member adapted to move
say in a curved path and held and guided on the back plate by means of screws
passing through curved slots in the said moveable plate and it is moved in one
direction by means of a motor spring, connected to an adjustable plate detach-
ably and adjustably secured to the rim and preferably formed of spring metal
and provided with an arm, having an enlargement or shoulder adapted to engage
with recesses in a slot formed in the rim, or a separate plate, the construction
being such that while the tension of the spring of the adjustable plate bearing
on the inside of the rim will hold the enlargement in engagement with the recesses
and thereby prevent the longitudinal movement of the said adjustable plate,
the said plate may be adjusted and the tension of the spring varied by pulling

page_text: outward upon the arm, thus disengaging the shoulder from the recess with which
it was engaged and moving the plate around to extend the spring or allow it to
retract and then re-engaging the shoulder with another recess. One of the
shutter wings is provided with an extension arm having a pin projecting from its
under side and arranged to co-operate with a spring latch, on the actuating
member or plate the said spring latch normally pressing toward the said pin and
when the said actuating plate is moved to the left by means of its operating knob,
a projection on the said spring latch will pass behind the pin on the extension
arm and when the actuating plate is permitted to move to the right, the spring
will turn the shutter in position to open the lens opening. The actuating plate
is further provided with a shoulder or rib arranged to co-operate with a pin on
the shutter member on the opposite side of its pivot from the pin on the extension
arm and the spring latch and shoulder on the actuating plate are so relatively
arranged, that after the movement of the actuating plate to the right to throw
the shutter open, the operating projection on the spring latch passes beyond the
path of the pin on the extension arm and the shoulder on the actuating plate
engages the pin on the opposite side of the centre of rotation of the shutter member
and forces the shutter closed again.
From this it will be seen that to set the shutter it is only necessary to move the
aforesaid actuating plate so as to place the motor spring under tension and engage
the spring latch with the pin on the extension arm; then by releasing the
parts (either the shutter or the actuating plate), the first half movement will
throw the shutter open and disengage it from the actuating portion and the shutter
may be held open by any desired means; -the continued movement of the said
plate, however, will cause the shutter to be closed by the engagement of the
shoulder on the actuating plate and the pin on the shutter member.
It is preferred to control the operation of the actuating plate and the shutter,
by suitable engaging devices co-operating directly with a shutter member itself,
(although this construction is not essential to the operation of the device) and
there is therefore arranged upon the free end of the shutter member a pin pre-
ferably angular, with which co-operates a catch pivotted upon a screw or stud
and operated in a direction to throw its engaging end into the path of the pin
on the free end of the shutter member by means of a small spring. This catch
is also provided with a lug or extension passing beneath a releasing member
which may be for example in the form of a lever or plate pivoted upon a stu
and having its end projecting out through the casing and provided with an
operative thumb piece the construction being such that downward pressure upon
the end of the said releasing lever will cause the release of the catch from the
projection on the shutter member, but when the lever resumes its normal position
under the action of a spring, the catch is 'free to yield and engage the projection
on the shutter member as the said shutter member returns to its position over the
lens opening. Unless means are provided for arresting the shutter when thrown
open, the parts just described will be suitable only for instantaneous exposures,
as the motor device described, when properly set, would operate when the shutter
was released by the movement of the catch, to open the lens aperture and then
close it, but in order that the shutter may be adapted for time exposures, and also
for making what are termed "bulb " exposures (that is to say, those in which the
shutter is opened by pressure on the releasing lever or corresponding part, is
held open while this pressure is continued, and closed when it is released), two
relatively moveable projections or catches are provided these being operated by
the operating lever or member and capable of manipulation to cause the desired
operation. For this purpose there is provided a catch in the form of a curved
arm pivoted upon the releasing lever and having a pointed end, the side to the left
forming a retaining shoulder for the pin on the free end of the shutter, the said
curved arm being actuated in one direction by a spring secured to the releasing
lever at one end and operating at the other upon a lug or projection on the said
the said curved arm being further provided with a stop projection, co-operat-
arm,

page_text: ing with the upper edge of the releasing lever. There is also mounted upon the
same pivot with the curved arm and preferably arranged upon the rear side cf
the releasing lever a catch in the form of a second catch arm, having a shoulder
adapted to be projected in the path of the pin on the free end of the shutter by.
means of a spring secured to the releasing lever at one end and operating upon
the projection on the said second catch arm at the other. An ear on the said
second catch arm engaging the under side of the releasing lever limits the move-
ment of said second catch arm and the extreme end is provided with a lug or ear,
with which the device for controlling the said catch co-operates. The first curved
catch arm is also provided with a pin by means of which its position is controlled.
The device for varying the position and operation of the catch arms may con-
sist of an index plate, sliding on the underside of the face plate of the shutter
mechanism, and manipulated by an arm or handle projecting through a slot in
the said face plate and serving as an index to cooperate with the indications;
such as the letters "B", "I", and "T", indicating respectively-bulb, instantaneous
and time exposures, and this plate is provided with a projection at its lower end
arranged to co-operate with the pin on the curved catch arm and with a down-
wardly turned shoulder or ear for co-operating with the end of the second catch
arm. The said plate may be retained in its position of adjustment by making it
of spring metal and causing sufficient friction between it and the face plate to
hold it in any position of adjustment, or other devices may be applied for the
purpose.
When the index plate is in the position with its projections or shoulders out of
the paths described by the co-operating projections on the two catch arms the
shutter is adapted for time exposures so that when the motor mechanism is under
tension the operator, by moving the releasing lever downward, causes the catch
to release the shutter, which flies open, the pin on the free end passing beneath
the end of the curved catch arm, and the tension of the motor then operating to
close the shutter member brings said pin into engagement with the rear of
the projection on the said arm which retains the shutter until pressure on the
releasing lever is released when the spring will raise the said lever releasing the
projection from the end of the curved catch arm and causing it to become engaged
by the projecting end of the second catch arm thus retaining the shutter open.
When the desired time has elasped, a second pressure on the releasing lever will
move the said projection end out of the path of the pin and allow the motor to
close the shutter.
When it is desired to make an instantaneous exposure the index plate is moved
to the position with the shoulder on the said plate in the path described by the
pin on the curved catch arm so that when the releasing lever is pressed down
the catch will release the shutter and the pin on free end of the shutter on
moving through its arc will not be arrested by the projection on the end of the
curved catch arm but can move outward and inward freely opening and shutting
the lens opening, the rapidity of the exposure depending on the tension of the
motor spring.
When it is desired to make a "bulb" exposure, the index plate is moved
down to its lowermost position, with the button in proximity to the letter "B"
the lug or ear on the said plate pressing the second catch arm downward so that
the shoulder thereon will be out of the path of the pin on the free end of the
shutter. When now the releasing lever is moved downward, the shutter is released
and flies open the pin thereon engaging the end of the curved catch arm passes
under and becomes engaged with the said end and the engaging end of the second
catch arm being held out of the path of the pin on the shutter, it will be held
open as long as pressure is maintained on the operating end of the releasing lever,
and when released, the shutter will be closed by its motor spring.
While this is termed a bulb"
exposure, it is not absolutely necessary that
it be made by the the use of a pneumatic bulb or engine but it is preferred to mount
the face plate a cylinder having a piston operating therein and adapted to
upon

page_text: engage the end of a lever pivoted on the said face plate and having a pin passing
through a slot in the face plate and entering a slot in an extension formed upon
the lower side of the releasing lever this loose connection permitting the operation
of the releasing lever either by means of the bulb or by manipulation of the end of
the releasing lever.
The shutter described is quite simple, considering its capabilities, and the parts
thereof are preferably made of sheet metal so as to be readily stamped and formed
in dies.
The feature of arresting the shutter member for time or bulb exposures, just
as it commences its closing movement is very desirable because if it were arrested
near the end of its opening movement the momentum would cause a jar to the
camera and lens and prevent obtaining a sharply defined image, but as the curved
catch arm engages the pin on the free end of the shutter before the shutter has
any momentum to speak of there, will be no objectionable jarring. The form of
the motor device employed operating the shutter member in opposite directions,
by a continuous movement in one direction, relieves the camera from jar.
This shutter can be used between the lenses, or behind, or in front of them, as
desired.
. As before stated while it is preferred to employ a two-part shutter it will be
understood that this particular form of shutter is not essential to the operation
of some of the parts of this invention, as other forms can be used without materially
changing the operation nor do we wish to be limited to the particular form of
the progressively moveable member actuating the shutter in both directions. The
particular form also of the various catch projections connected to and operated
by the releasing lever or its equivalent can be greatly modified without departing
from the essence of this invention.
D
021 .
1007
JOHNSONS & WILLCOX,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agents.
improvements in Snutters for rnotograpnic Cameras.
We, EASTMAN PHOTOGRAPHIC MATERIALS COMPANY LIMITED, of 115 and 117,
Oxford Street, in the County of London, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention (which has been communicated to us.from abroad by Robert Kroedel,
of Rochester, in the County of Monroe, and State of New York, United States
of America, Engineer) and in what manner the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:
―
This invention relates to photographic-camera shutters and has for its object
to improve their construction and operation so that the shutter is opened and
closed positively and the various adjustments necessary for operating the shutter
for time exposure, instantaneous exposure, and " bulb," exposure are readily
accomplished, and consists in certain improvements hereinafter described.
In the accompanying drawings:-
Figure 1, is a front view of a complete shutter; constructed or arranged
according to this invention.
Figure 2, is a similar view with the front plate removed, shewing the operating
parts;
Figure 3, is a section on the line 3*-3* of Figure 2;
Figure 4, is a section on the line 4*4* of Figure 3, looking toward the right

page_text: and shewing the parts in the position they occupy in Figure 2 in full lines,
looking from the rear; .
Figure 5, is a view similar to Figure 2, shewing the shutter open for a time
exposure;
Figure 6, is a similar view, with the shutter set for instantaneous exposure;
Figure 7, is a similar view with the parts set for a bulb exposure;
Figure 8, is a similar view with the shutter held open during the bulb exposure;
Figure 9, is a section on the line 9*-9* of Figure 2;
Figure 10, is an edge view of the case, shewing the adjusting device for the
tension spring;
Figure 11, is a section on the line 11*-11* of Figure 10;
Figure 12, is a section on the line 12*-12* of Figure 1;
Similar reference numerals in the several figures indicate similar parts.
The casing of the shutter may be of any suitable construction, for instance,
in the example illustrated it embodies a back plate 1, to which is attached an
annular casing or rim 2, covered by a front plate 3, (shewn in Figure 1) and
having a central aperture corresponding to the lens aperture in the back plate 1.
The shutter proper, or light intercepting medium, in the arrangement illustrated
is composed of two wings, or shutter members, 4 and 5, the member 4 being,
pivotted on the screw 4*, and the member 5 being pivotted on the screw 5*;
the said shutter members being connected by a curved bar or plate 6, secured
on opposite sides of the pivotal centres and so arranged that they will be moved
in opposite directions away from the lens opening when an exposure is made,
and brought together again over the opening, slightly lapping, as shewn, to
exclude the passage of light. While it is preferred to use this type of shutter
proper in connection with these improvements, as it enables the lens aperture
to be opened by a comparatively slight movement and enables small shutter
wings to be employed, the invention is not confined in its application to a
shutter of this type, as other forms can be used, and we intend the expression
shutter member" to include whatever form of shutter may be used.
The means for causing the necessary movement of the light excluding medium
or shutter proper, embodies a moveable plate or actuating member 7; adapted to
move say in a curved path as in the example shewn and held and guided on the
back plate 1, by means of screws 8, passing through curved slots 9, in the said
moveable plate and it is moved in one direction by means of a motor spring 10,
connected to an adjustable plate 11, detachably and adjustably secured to the
rim 2, and preferably formed of spring metal and provided with an arm 12;
having an enlargement or shoulder 13 (see Figures 10 and 11) adapted to engage
with the recesses 14, in the slot 15, formed in the rim 2, or a separate plate, the
construction being such that while the tension of the spring of the plate 11,
bearing on the inside of the rim will hold the enlargement 13, in engagement
with the recesses 14, and thereby normally prevent the longitudinal movement
of the said adjustable plate the said plate may be adjusted and the tension of
the spring 10, varied by pulling outward upon the knob 12, disengaging the
shoulder 13, from the recess 14 with which it was engaged and moving the
plate 11 around to extend the spring 10 or allow it to retract and then reengaging
the shoulder 13 with another recess 14. One of the shutter wings (in the
example shewn the wing 4) is provided with an extension arm 16, having a
pin 17, projecting from its under side and arranged to cooperate with the spring
latch 18, on the actuating member or plate 7; the said spring latch normally
pressing toward the said pin and when the plate 7 is moved to the left, by means
of its operating knob 7* (as shewn in full lines in Figure 6, and in dotted lines
in Figure 2) the projection 19 on the said spring latch will pass behind the
pin 17, and when the plate 7 is permitted to move to the right, the spring 10
will turn the shutter in position to open the lens opening. The plate 7 is further.
provided with the shoulder or rib 20, arranged to cooperate with a pin 21, on the
shutter member 4, on the opposite side of its pivot from the pin 17, and the

page_text: spring latch 18, and shoulder 20 are so relatively arranged, that after the move-
ment of the plate 7, to the right to throw the shutter open, the operating projec-
tion 19 on the spring latch 18 passes beyond the path of the pin 17 and the
shoulder 20 on the actuating plate engages the pin 21 on the opposite side of
the centre of rotation of the shutter member and forces the shutter closed again;
the operation just described being illustrated particularly by Figures 2, 5 and 6.
From this it will be seen, that to set the shutter it is only necessary to move
the member 7 from the position shewn in full lines in Figure 2, to the left,
as shewn in dotted lines so as to place the spring 10, under tension and engage
the spring latch 18 with the pin 17; then, by releasing the parts (either the
shutter or the plate 7), the first half movement will throw the shutter open and
disengage it from the actuating portion and the shutter may be held open by
any desired means;-the continued movement of the plate 7, however, will
cause the shutter to be closed by the engagement of the shoulder 20, and pin 21.
It is preferred to control the operation of the plate 7 and the shutter, by suitable
engaging devices co-operating directly with a shutter member itself, (although
this construction is not essential to the operation of the device,) and there is
therefore arranged upon the free end of the shutter member 4, a pin 25, preferably
angular, as shewn, with which co-operates a catch 26, pivoted upon a screw or
stud 27, and operated in a direction to throw its engaging end into the path of
the pin 25, by means of a small spring 28, shown clearly in Figure 3. This
catch 26 is also provided with a lug or extension 29 passing beneath a releasing
member which may be for example, in the form of a lever or plate 30, pivoted
upon the stud 27, and having its end projecting out through the casing and
provided with an operative thumb piece 31, the construction being such that
downward pressure upon the end of the lever 30 will cause the release of the
catch 26 from the projection 25 on the shutter member, but when the lever
resumes its normal position, under the action of the spring 32, the catch 26 is
free to yield and engage the projection on the shutter member as the said shutter
member returns to its position over the lens opening. The part 30 while pre-
ferably a lever, is not necessarily pivoted. Unless means are provided for arresting
the shutter when thrown open, the parts just described will be suitable only for
instantaneous exposures, as the motor device described, when properly set, would.
operate when the shutter was released by the movement of the catch, to open the
lens aperture and then close it, but in order that the shutter may be adapted for
time exposures, and also for making what are termed "bulb" exposures (that is
to say, those in which the shutter is opened by pressure on the releasing lever
or corresponding part, is held open while this pressure is continued, and closed
when it is released) two relatively moveable projections or catches are provided
these being operated by the operating lever or member and capable of manipula-
tion to cause the desired operation. For this purpose there is provided a catch 35
in the form of a curved arm pivoted at 36 upon the lever 30, and having a
pointed end 37, the side to the left forming a retaining shoulder for the pin 25
on the shutter, the said curved arm 35 being actuated in one direction by a
spring 38 secured at one end to the lever 30 and operating at the other end upon
a lug or projection 39 on the said curved arm 35 which is further provided with a
stop projection 40, cooperating with the upper edge of the lever 30. There is
also mounted upon the same pivot 36, and preferably arranged upon the rear side
of the lever 30, a catch in the form of an arm 42, having a shoulder 43, adapted
to be projected in the path of the pin 25 on the shutter by means of a spring 44,
secured to the lever 30 at one end and operating upon the projection 45 on the
catch arm 42 at the other. (See Figure 4). An ear 46, on the catch arm 42,
engaging the underside of the lever 30, limits the movement of said catch arm 42,
and the extreme end is provided with a lug or ear 47, with which the device for
controlling the said catch cooperates. The catch 35 is also provided with a pin 41,
by means of which its position is. controlled.
The device for varying the position and operation of the catch arms 35 and 42,

page_text: in the example illustrated consists of an index plate 50, sliding on the underside
of the face plate 3 of the shutter mechanism, and manipulated by an arm or
handle 51 projecting through a slot in the said face plate 3, and serving as an
index to cooperate with the indications; such as the letters "B", "I" and "T",
indicating respectively bulb, instantaneous and time exposures, and this plate 50
is provided with a projection 52 at its lower end arranged to cooperate with the
pin 41 and with a downwardly turned shoulder or ear 53 for cooperating with the
end 47 of the catch arm 42. The plate 50 may be retained in its position of adjust-
ment by making it of spring metal and causing sufficient friction between it and
the plate 3 to hold it in any position of adjustment, or other devices may be
applied for the purpose.
When the plate 50 is in the position shewn in Figure 2 with the button 51, in the
position indicated by the letter T in Figure 1, and with its projections or shoulders
out of the paths described by the cooperating projections on the catch arms 35
and 42, the shutter is adapted for time exposures, so that when the motor
mechanism is under tension, the operator, by moving the lever 30 downward,
causes the catch 26 to release the shutter, which flies open, the pin 25 passing.
beneath the end 37 of the catch 35, and the tension of the motor then operating
to close the shutter member, brings the said pin 25 into engagement with the
rear of the projection 37, which retains the shutter until pressure on the thumb
piece 31 is released, when the spring 32 will raise the lever 30, releasing the
projection 25 from the end 37 of the curved catch arm and causing it to become
engaged by the projecting end 43 of the catch arm 42, thus retaining the shutter
open, as shewn in Figure 5. When the desired time has elapsed, a second pressure
on the lever 30 will move the projection 43 out of the path of the pin 25 and allow
the motor to close the shutter.
When it is desired to make an instantaneous exposure the index plate 50 is
moved to the position shewn in dotted lines in Figure 6 with the button 51 in
the position indicated by the letter I in Figure 1, the shoulder 52 being then in
the path described by the pin 41 on the catch arm 35, so that when the lever 30
is pressed down, the catch 26 will release the shutter and the pin 25 on the shutter
on moving through the arc indicated by the dotted line in Figure 6, will not be
arrested by the projection 37, but can move outward and inward freely, opening
and shutting the lens opening, the rapidity of the exposure depending on the
tension of the motor spring.
When it is desired to make a "bulb" exposure, the index plate 50 is moved
down to its lowermost position, with the button 51 in proximity to the letter "B"
(see Figure 1), the lug or ear 53 on the said plate pressing the catch arm 42 down-
ward so that the shoulder 43 will be out of the path of the projection 25 on the
shutter, as shewn particularly in Figure 7. When, now, the lever arm 30 is
moved downward, the shutter is released and flies open, the projection 25 engaging
the end 37 of the catch arm 35, passes under and becomes engaged with the said
end, as shewn in Figure 8, and the engaging shoulder 43 of the catch 42 being held
out of the path of the projection 25 on the shutter it will be held open as long as
pressure is maintained on the operating end 31 of the releasing lever, and, when
released, the shutter will be closed by its motor spring.
While this is termed a "bulb" exposure, it is not absolutely necessary that it
be made by the use of a pneumatic bulb or engine, but it is preferred to mount
upon the face plate 3, a cylinder 60 Figure 1 having a piston 61 operating therein
and adapted to engage the end 62 of the lever 63 pivoted on the said face plate and
having a pin 64 passing through a slot in the face plate and entering the slot 30*
in an extension formed upon the lower side of the lever 30; this loose connection
permitting the operation of the releasing lever either by means of the bulb or by
manipulation of the end 31.
The shutter described is quite simple, considering its capabilities, and the parts
thereof are preferably made of sheet metal so as to be readily stamped and formed
in dies.

page_text: The feature of arresting the shutter member for time or bulb exposures, just
as it commences its closing movement, is very desirable, because if it were arrested
near the end of its opening movement the momentum would cause a jar to the
camera and lens and prevent obtaining a sharply defined image, but as the catch
arm engages the pin 25 before the shutter has any momentum to speak of,
there will be no objectionable jarring. The form of the motor device employed
operating the shutter member in opposite directions, by a continuous movement
in one direction, relieves the camera from jar.
This shutter can be used between the lenses, or behind, or in front of them,
as desired.
As before stated, while it is preferred to employ a two-part shutter, it will be
understood that this particular form of shutter is not essential to the operation of
some of the parts of this invention, as other forms can be used without materially
changing the operation, nor do we wish to be limited to the particular form of the
progressively moveable member actuating the shutter in both directions. The
particular form also of the various catch projections connected to and operated by
the part 30, can be greatly modified without departing from the essence of this
invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is:
1. In a photographic shutter, the combination with a pivoted shutter member,
of a progressively moveable actuating member, arranged to engage the shutter
member on opposite sides of the pivot alternately, whereby the shutter member
is operated positively in both directions by the continued movement of the actuat-
ing member in one direction, substantially as described.
2. In a photographic shutter, the combination with a pivoted shutter member,
of a progressively moveable actuating member, a latch arranged between the
actuating member and the shutter member on one side of the pivot of the latter,
and positively engaging projections between the actuating member and the
shutter member on the other side of its pivot, and retaining devices for control-
ling the progressive movement of the actuating member, substantially as described.
3. In a photographic shutter, the combination with the pivoted shutter member,
having the projections on opposite sides of its pivot, of the progressively moveable
actuating member, having the spring latch thereon engaging one projection and
the shoulder engaging the other projection on the shutter member, substantially
as described.
4. In a photographic shutter, the combination with the slotted and recessed
casing, the progressively moveable actuating member and a shutter member
actuated thereby, of the actuating spring, connected to an adjusting spring plate
and the headed pin thereon adjustable in the slot and recesses in the casing,
substantially as described.
5. In a photographic shutter, the combination with the casing, the pro-
gressively moveable actuating member, guided and moveable upon the casing,
and spring latch and the projection on the said member, of the pivoted shutter
member having projections on opposite sides of its pivot, with which the latch and
projection co-operate, and the adjustable spring for operating the actuating
member in one direction, substantially as described.
6. In a photographic shutter, the combination with a moveable shutter member,
and devices for actuating the said member in opposite directions at each exposure,
of a moveable releasing member and a catch carried thereby and yielding in
one direction independently of the releasing member substantially as described.
7. In a photographic shutter, the combination with a moveable shutter member
and spring actuating devices for throwing it open and closed, of a releasing
member, a spring operated catch for engaging the shutter member and operated

page_text: a direction to release the shutter member by the movement of the releasing
ember, substantially as described.
8. In a photographic shutter, the combination with a shutter member and
pring actuating devices for throwing it open and closed, of a pivoted releasing
ever, a pivoted spring operated catch for engaging the shutter member and
onnections between it and the lever, whereby it will be actuated by the movement
f the releasing lever in one direction, but is permitted to yield independently
hereof, substantially as described.
9. In a photographic shutter, the combination with a vibratory shutter member
and actuating device for throwing it open and closed, of a catch for holding the
hutter member closed, a releasing member for operating the catch and controlling
devices carried by the said releasing member for regulating the closing of the
shutter member, substantially as described.
10. In a photographic shutter, the combination with a vibratory shutter
member and actuating devices for operating it in both directions, of a catch for
retaining the shutter member, a moveable releasing member actuating the catch,
controlling devices for regulating the closing of the shutter actuated by the
releasing member, and adjusting devices acting upon the controlling devices to
set them and vary their operation upon the shutter substantially as described.
11. In a photographic shutter, the combination with a shutter member and
actuating devices for opening and closing it, of a catch for holding the shutter
member closed, a releasing member actuating the catch to release the shutter,
and two catches operated by the movement of the releasing member and con-
trolling the movement of the shutter member, substantially as described.
12. In a photographic shutter, the combination with a shutter member and
actuating devices for opening and closing it, of a catch for holding the shutter
member closed, and two catches for holding the shutter member open and engaging
it in succession when the actuating devices tend to close it, and means for moving
the said last mentioned catches successively out of engagement with the shutter,
substantially as described.
13. In a photographic shutter, the combination with a shutter member and
actuating devices for opening and closing it, of a catch for holding the shutter
member closed, and two catches for holding the shutter member open and engaging
in succession when the actuating devices tend to close it, a releasing member
controlling the said three catches and operating to move the said two catches
successively out of engagement with the shutter member substantially as described.
14. In a photographic shutter, the combination with a shutter member and
actuating devices for opening and closing it, of a catch for holding the shutter
member closed and a pair of catches for holding the shutter member open and
engaging in succession, a spring for actuating the catch first engaging when the
shutter member tends to close, and connections between the pair of catches for
releasing them in succession, substantially as described.
15. In a photographic shutter, the combination with a shutter member and
actuating devices for opening and closing it, of a catch for holding the shutter
5 member closed and a pair of catches for holding the shutter member open and
engaging in succession, a spring for actuating the catch of the pair first engaging
when the shutter member tends to close, an adjusting device for holding said catch
out of operation, and connections for actuating the catches to release them in
succession, substantially as described.
50 16. In a photographic shutter, the combination with a shutter member and
actuating devices for opening and closing it, of a catch for holding the shutter
member closed, a pair of catches for holding the shutter member open and engag-
ing in succession, and adjusting devices for holding one or both of the catches
of the pair out of their engaging position, substantially as described.
55
17. In a photographic shutter, the combination with a shutter member and
actuating devices for operating it, of a catch for holding the shutter member closed
and a pair of catches for holding the shutter member open and engaging in

page_text: succession, one of the catches of the said pair being spring actuated, a moveable
releasing member controlling the three catches, and adjusting devices for holding.
one of the catches of the said pair out of engaging position, substantially as
described.
18. In a photographic shutter, the combination with a vibratory shutter member
and actuating devices for operating it in opposite directions, of a catch for
retaining the shutter closed and a pair of catches for controlling its closing
movement, one of the catches of the pair being adjustable out of its engaging
position, substantially as described.
19. In a photographic shutter, the combination with a vibratory shutter member
and actuating devices for operating it in opposite directions, of a catch for retain-
ing the shutter member closed, a moveable releasing member, a spring for
actuating it, a pair of catches mounted on the releasing member, a spring for
actuating the catch of the pair first engaging the shutter member when the motor
tends to close it, adjusting devices for holding the said spring actuated catch out
of operative position and connections between the releasing member and the catch
that holds the shutter member closed, substantially as described.
20. In a photographic shutter, the combination with a vibratory `shutter
member and actuating devices for operating it in opposite directions, of the
pivoted releasing member, a spring for operating it, a catch for holding the shutter
member closed and actuated by the releasing member the two spring actuated
catches on the releasing member for controlling the shutter, and relatively stationary
adjusting devices for controlling the position of the two catches on the releasing
member substantially as described.
21. In a photographic shutter, the combination with the vibratory shutter
member and a projection thereon and actuating devices for operating the member
in opposite directions, of the spring actuated moveable releasing member, the
catch for engaging the projection on the shutter member and actuated by the
releasing member, the pair of spring actuated catches on the releasing member
projecting in opposite directions and arranged to engage the shutter member
projection in succession, and relatively stationary adjusting devices for holding
one or both of the catches of the pair out of the path of the shutter member
projection, substantially as described.
22. In a photographic shutter, the combination with the vibratory shutter
member having the projection 25, and an actuating device for operating it in
opposite directions, of the lever 30, the catch 26 actuated thereby, the catches 35
and 42 pivoted on the lever and their actuating springs, and the moveable
plate 50 having projections for engaging the catches 35 and 42, substantially
as described.
·
•
23. In a photographic shutter, the combination with the casing having the
aperture, the two shutter members pivoted on opposite sides of the aperture and
connected for simultaneous operation in opposite directions, and the pins 17
and 21 on one member, of the plate 7, the spring for actuating it, the spring
latch 18 and projection 20, and controlling devices for regulating the movement
of the plate, 7, substantially as described.
24. In a photographic shutter, the combination with the casing, a moveable
light excluding medium or shutter member actuating devices and controlling
devices within the casing, of the lever 30 having the operating portion 31, the
lever 63 pivoted to the casing, the pneumatic cylinder on the casing and its piston,
engaging the lever 63 and the slot and pin connection between the levers 30
and 63, substantially as described.
25. In a photographic shutter, the combination with a pivoted shutter member,
an actuating device for operating it in opposite directions, of a catch for holding
the shutter member closed and a catch for retaining the shutter member open,
the last mentioned catch engaging the shutter member after it has completed its
.
:

page_text: opening movement and at the beginning of its closing movement, substantially
as described.
26. The arrangement and combination of parts constituting the shutter for
photographic cameras as herein before described and illustrated in the accom-
panying drawings.
Dated this 24th day December 1807
JOHNSONS & WILLCOX,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agents.