Improvements in Dies for Use in the Manufacture of Rolled Metal Articles.
Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 26th May, 1886.
Complete Left, 28th Feb., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 29th Mar., 1887.
n
Improvements in Dies for Use in the Manufacture of Rolled
Metal Articles.
I, CLAUD THORNTON CAYLEY, of Brackley Street, Golden Lane, in the City of
London, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to improvements in dies such as are described in the
specification of Letters Patent dated June 9th A.D. 1885, No. 7028.
The peculiar feature of the said dies is the combination of shaping or forming
surfaces with reducing or spreading surfaces and with cutting edges.
In using these dies, the end of a metal bar of suitable diameter is inserted between
them and is shaped and separated from the bar by the action of the said dies under
pressure.
In these dies, as heretofore constructed, the shaping and reducing surfaces and the
cutting-off edges of the dies have been so relatively arranged that the shearing or
separation of the article from the bar is commenced before the forming or shaping of
the article is completed. The result is that, during the last revolutions of the article
between the dies, it is so nearly severed from the bar as to be practically uncontrolled
thereby. It will then, by reason of inequalities in its shape and the consequent
tendency of its different parts to rotate at different speeds, be liable to deviate from its
proper position between the dies and to be destroyed or injured.
The said dies, as heretofore constructed, have their shaping and reducing or
spreading surfaces extending from one end to the other end of the die, the cutting edges
commencing near, and extending to, the finishing end of the die.
My present invention is chiefly designed to overcome the difficulties which, in the use
of such dies, have been found to arise from the unequal speeds of rotation of the
different parts of the articles being rolled.
According to the said invention, I so construct the said dies that the working
surfaces, that is to say, the forming and reducing surfaces extend only partially
throughout the length of the dies and the shearing or cutting edges for separating the
article from the bar commence where the said surfaces terminate and extend to the

page_text: finishing end of the die. Therefore the said dies will act upon a cylinder placed between
them to first complete the shaping of the article according to the configuration of the
forming sufaces and then to shear or separate the same from the bar.
One very important purpose for which my improved dies are adapted is the
manufacture of steel projectiles for machine-guns. For this purpose, I prefer to
contruct cach die with the working surfaces in duplicate, so that
may roll two
projectiles in one passage or movement of a pair of dies. In this case, after the two
projectiles have been severed from the bar, they have to be separated from each other.
The reducing or spreading surfaces may have either one or two commencing or starting
points at one end, from which they diverge and extend outside of the forming surfaces
towards the other end of the die. The point at which the surfaces terminate will be so
determined and arranged as to leave sufficient distance between it and the finishing
end of the die to permit the proper action of the cutting edges which separate the
projectiles from each other.
From the point where the cutting or shearing edges commence, the working
surfaces are cut away and the projectiles roll upon plane surfaces; consequently,
during the cutting or shearing of the projectiles to separate them from each other, their
pointed ends are not in contact with the dies, and there will be no action tending to
produce different speeds of rotation of the two ends of the projectiles, and, therefore,
no torsion or twisting of the metal or displacement of the projectiles from their proper
position between the dies.
In the dies with duplicate working surfaces, the cutting edges for separating the
projecticles from each other are formed on a central inclined piece, which rises from
the point where the working surfaces terminate to the finishing end of the die. In
some instances, I form the said inclined pieco with laterally inclined sides so that the
cutting edges diverge from each other from the end of the working surfaces to the
finishing end of the die. In other instances, I form the two cutting edges with a space
or recess between them for the reception of the surplus metal.
Datad this 96th day of May 1886
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London,
For the Applicant.

page_text: I, CLAUD THORNTON CAYLEY, of Brackley Street, Golden Lane, in the City of
London, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
-
My invention relates to improvements in dies of the kind or class described in the
Specifications of Letters Patent dated June 9th A.D. 1885, No. 7028, and January 9th
A.D. 1886, No. 396.
The peculiar feature of the said dies is the combination of shaping or forming
surfaces with spreading and reducing surfaces and with cutting or shearing edges.
In using these dies, the end of a metal bar of suitable diameter is inserted between
them and they are moved in opposite directions while subjected to pressure. By the
action of the said dies, the desired shape or configuration is imparted to the article
being rolled and it is separated from the bar.
In these dies, as heretofore constructed, the shaping and reducing surfaces and the
cutting-off edges of the dies have been so relatively arranged that the shearing or
separation of the article from the bar is effected whilst it is still between the forming
or shaping surfaces of the dies, the said shaping surfaces extending from end to end
of the die and the cutting edges commencing near, and extending to, the finishing
end of the die.
The result is that, during the last revolutions of the article between the dies, it is so
nearly severed from the bar as to be practically uncontrolled thereby. It will then, by
reason of inequalities in the diameter of its different parts and the consequent tendency
of such parts to rotate at different speeds, be liable to deviate from its proper position
between the dies and to be destroyed or injured.
My present invention is chiefly designed to overcome the difficulties which, in the
use of such dies, have been found to arise from the above named causes.
According to my said invention, I so construct the dies that the forming or shaping
surfaces extend only partially throughout the length of the die, and the shearing or
cutting edges for separating the article from the bar commence where the said surfaces
terminate or thereabouts and extend to the finishing end of the die. Therefore the
shearing or separation of the article from the bar will be effected after the forming or
shaping surfaces have moved out of contact with it.
My improved dies are so constructed as to leave sufficient distance between the
forming or shaping surfaces and the finishing end of the die to permit the proper

page_text: action of the cutting or shearing cages wien separate one af
there
the point where the said cutting or shearing edges commence, the dies are provided
with plane surfaces between which the article will roll; consequently, during the
cutting or shearing operation, any part of the article whose diameter is less than the
distance between the said plane surfaces cannot come in contact with the dies ;
will, therefore, be no action tending to produce different speeds of rotation of the
different parts of the article and no torsion or twisting of the metal or displacement of
the article from its proper position between the dies.
One very important purpose for which my improved dies are adapted is the
manufacture of steel projectiles for machine-guns. For this purpose, I prefer to
construct each die with the working surfaces in duplicate, so that I may roll two
projectiles simultaneously in one passage or movement of a pair of dies. In this case,
the dies are so constructed that the two projectiles will be rolled as one article, having
their bases united, that is to say, by the action of the said dies, an article will be
produced having a central cylindrical portion and conical or conoidal ends and having
the requisite circumferential grooves formed in it. This article will be severed or
nearly severed from the bar in the operation of forming or shaping the conical or
conoidal end next the bar. To complete the operation it is necessary to separate the
two projectiles from each other. For this purpose, I provide the said dies with cutting
or shearing edges which extend from the forming or shaping surfaces of the dies to
the finishing ends thereof, so that the said projectiles will be separated from each
other after the forming or shaping surfaces have moved out of contact with them.
The spreading and reducing surfaces may have either one or two commencing or
starting points at one end, from which they diverge and extend outside of the forming
surfaces towards the other end of the die.
In the accompanying drawings, I have illustrated different forms or modifications
of my improved die adapted for rolling or forging projectiles.
Figure 1 is a plan, and
Figure 2 an end elevation of a die with a single set of working surfaces, and having
my present improvements applied thereto.
Figure 3 is a plan, and
Figure 4 a vertical longitudinal central section of a die constructed according to my
present invention with duplicate working surfaces.
Figure 5 is an end elevation of the said die showing two rolled projectiles resting
thereon.
Figure 6 is a plan showing a slight modification of the die illustrated in Figures 3, 4
and 5.
Figure 7 is a transverse section on the line a, a, Figure 6, drawn to an enlarged
scale.
a is the forming or shaping surface of the die. b, bare the spreading and reducing
surfaces. The die shown in Figures 1 and 2 is designed for rolling single projectiles
and in these Figures c is the cutting or shearing edge for separating the rolled article
from the bar. The die shown in Figures 3, 4 and 5 is designed for rolling two
projectiles simultaneously. Dies of this kind cut or separate the articles from the ba
in the operation of forming or shaping them. The cutting edge c is in this case
arranged in the centre of the die for the purpose of separating the two rolled articles
from each other. It will be seen that the said cutting edges commence where the
forming or shaping surfaces terminate; therefore the rolled articles, during the action
of the cutting edges in separating them from the bar by means of dies having a single
set of working surfaces, or from each other by means of dies having duplicate working
surfaces, are not in contact with the forming or shaping surfaces of the dies.
The die shown in Figures 6 and 7 has duplicate working surfaces and two diverging
cutting or shearing edges e extending therefrom to the finishing end of the die and
having a space or recess c¹ between them.
The said edges force the rolled articles away from each other, and cut a piece
of metal from between the same; the length of the two projectiles before they are

page_text: severed must, therefore, be more than twice the length of a finished projectile. The
surplus metal removed by the cutting edges c is received in the space or recess e¹.
I have shewn flat or straight dies in the drawings; it is obvious, however, that my
improvements may be advantageously applied to rotary dies such as those described in
the said former Specification No. 396.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed I wish it understood that I claim :-
The improvement in dies of the class described in the above named former specifi-
cations, whereby I provide for the separation of the rolled articles after the forming
or shaping surfaces have moved out of contract therewith, as, and for the purpose.
above specified.