IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF APPARATUS FOR BOILING SUGAR
Year: 1885

page_text: I, FRANCIS BERNARD WELCH of the Manchester Chambers Market Street
Manchester in the County of Lancaster Mechanical Engineer do hereby declare
the nature of my invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF
APPARATUS FOR BOILING SUGAR to be as follows:-
AND
These Improvements relate to the operation of boiling sugar in vacuum and other
pans and have for their object to facilitate the removal of steam as it is generated
from the water contained in the juice.
For the purpose of my Invention I keep the juice constantly stirred or agitated
during the operation of boiling. This may be effected by mechanical means as for
example by stirrers or blades attached to a spindle or axis passing through a packed
gland or bearing attached to the dome side or bottom of the pan, the external end
of the spindle being connected to suitable gearing. Or, the agitation may be
effected or increased by the action of air passing through the juice and which with
the steam generated may be withdrawn from the pan by the air pump in the case
of a vacuum pan or be allowed to escape freely with an open pan. The air may be
led through a pipe to the bottom of the pan near the discharge valve whence it
may be distributed by branch pipes or delivered from a nozzle or opening on the
air pipe so that the air may traverse the whole thickness of the juice. The air
pipe may be jacketted with a steam tight casing to which steam is supplied for the
purpose of warming the air or the air may be warmed by other convenient means..
The air inlet to the pipe is governed by a valve so as to regulate the period of
admission and the quantity of air admitted, and the air may when necessary be
supplied under pressure.

page_text: Improvements in ше шешоа от апа Apparatus for
Boiling Sugar.
I, FRANCIS BERNARD WELCH of Manchester Chambers Market Street Manchester
in the County of Lancaster Mechanical Engineer do hereby declare the nature of
this invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This Invention relates to the method of and apparatus for boiling sugar and
these Improvements have for their object to facilitate the removal of the steam as
it is generated from the water contained in the boiling juice.
For the purpose of my Invention I keep the juice constantly stirred or agitated
during the operation of boiling. The stirring or agitation may be effected by
mechanical means alone or by the action of air forced through the juice or it may
be effected by the combined action of mechanical agitators or stirrers and of a
current or currents of air.
And in order that this my said Invention may be more readily understood and
carried into practical effect I have hereunto appended a sheet of Drawings the
Figures whereon are marked with similar letters to denote similar parts and
reference being hereinafter had thereto.
Fig. 1 is a vertical section and Fig. 2 is a horizontal section of an open pan
liaving these Improvements applied thereto.
The juice contained in the pan may be agitated or stirred by means of stirrers or
blades attached to a spindle or axis carried in suitable bearings and driven by
gearing. When a vacuum pan is used the spindle may pass through a packed
gland or bearing attached to the dome, side or bottom of the pan, the external end
of the spindle being connected to suitable gearing. The form and arrangement of
stirring or agitating apparatus which I prefer to employ is shown on the appended
sheet of Drawings. A is the pan, B is the spindle carrying the Archimedean
screw C. The spindle is driven by the bevel wheels D D' and the pulley E but it
may be driven by ropes or bands or in any other convenient manner. The screw is
enclosed within a vertical tube or cylinder F the upper end of which is splayed or
bellmouthed and may have formed upon it a flange or annular flat surface G.
There may also be mounted upon or secured to the spindle a disc H having an
annular flat surface M corresponding to the similar surface on the vertical tube and
resting upon it or being kept parallel therewith at a short distance. At the lower
end of the spindle there may be attached thereto a scraper I or an equivalent
brush. The spindle is borne at its lower end in the footstep K and the tube is
supported by the brackets L L.
In operation the juice is carried by the action of the rotating screw C upwards
through the tube and outwards between the annular surfaces G. M where it is
subjected to a grinding action.
The agitation of the liquid effected by this apparatus may be assisted by the
action of currents of air passing through the juice. The air, together with the
steam generated may, in the case of a vacuum pan be withdrawn by the air pump

page_text: or be allowed to escape freely from an open pan. The air may be led from a pipe
or nozzle in the bottom of the pan and be discharged into the liquid by a single jet
or by a number of jets or perforations upon or in branch pipes in such a manner
that it may traverse nearly the whole thickness of the juice. The air supply pipe
may be jacketted with a steam tight casing to which steam is supplied for the
purpose of warming the air or the air may be warmed by other convenient means.
The supply pipe may be governed by a valve so as to regulate the period of
admission and the quantity of air admitted. The air should be supplied under a
pressure in excess of that of the back pressure of the liquid in the pan and if
violent agitation is required the supply pressure should be considerably in excess
of the back pressure.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
(1). The method of facilitating the removal of steam generated during the boiling
of juices in a sugar pan by means of mechanical Stirrers or agitators, substantially
as hereinbefore set forth and described.
(2). The method of facilitating the removal of steam generated during the boiling
of liquids in a sugar pan by means of a current or currents of air, substantially as
hereinbefore set forth and described.
(3). The method of facilitating the removal of steam generated during the boiling
of liquids in a sugar pan by means of mechanical stirrers or agitators in combination
with a current or currents of air, substantially as hereinbefore set forth and
described.
(4). In a sugar pan, the combination or arrangement of blades or stirrers
mounted upon a spindle with suitable gearing for driving the same, substantially
as and for the purpose hereinbefore set forth and described.
(5). In a sugar pan, an air inlet or inlets jets or nozzles from which air may pass
or be forced through the boiling liquid or juice, substantially as and for the purpose
herein before set forth and described.
Dated this 12th day of Ontaban A D 100x