IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDOW FRAMES, SKYLIGHTS, AND GLASS AND OTHER ROOFS, HOARDINGS, AND SCREENS, AND IN THE GLAZING AND PANELING THEREOF
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Totton, of Belfast, in the County of Antrim, in
Ireland, Architect, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDOW FRAMES,
SKYLIGHTS, AND GLASS AND OTHER ROOFS, HOARDINGS, AND SCREENS, AND
IN THE GLAZING AND PANELING THEREOF."
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Totton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th January 1880.
JOSEPH TOTTON, of Belfast, in the County of Antrim, in Ireland, Architect.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDOW FRAMES, SKYLIGHTS, AND GLASS AND OTHER ROOFS,
HOARDINGS, AND SCREENS, AND IN THE GLAZING AND PANELING THEREOF."
My Invention relates to the construction of window frames and the sash-bars of
skylights and other windows, the rafters of roofs, and the studs of hoardings and
screens, and to the mode of fixing glass or other paneling, covering, or protecting
material therein, and of removing and replacing the same when desired or
necessary.
•
I employ two or more bars, rafters, or studs of iron, wood, or other similar
substance, every bar, rafter, or stud having upon one or each side a series of
longitudinal slanting or "weathered" slots, which may be formed by grooving
the bar, rafter, or stud, or by raising parallel ribs, ridges, or projections upon it,
and into the slots thus formed on two adjoining bars, rafters, or studs I slide a
sheet or sheets of glass or other paneling, covering, or protecting material, so that
each sheet overlaps the contiguous edge of the sheet below it.
At each overlap I place a transverse bar between the sheets to act as an eave,
and I pack the sheets with vulcanized india-rubber or other elastic packing.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by the
said Joseph Totton in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 14th July 1880.
JOSEPH TOTTON, of Belfast, in the County of Antrim, in Ireland, Architect.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDOW FRAMES, SKYLIGHTS, AND GLASS AND OTHER ROOFS,
HOARDINGS, AND SCREENS, AND IN THE GLAZING AND PANELING THEREOF."
My Invention relates to the construction of window and skylight frames, sashes,
and sashbars, the rafters of roofs, and the studs of hoardings and screens, and to the
mode of fixing glass or other paneling, covering, or protecting material therein,
and of removing and replacing the same when desired or necessary.
For the purposes of my Invention I employ two or more longitudinal bars,
rafters, or studs of iron, wood, or other similar substance placed in parallel lines
and in the same plane, every such bar, rafter, or stud having upon one or each side
a series of longitudinal slanting or "weathered" slots, which may be formed by
grooving the longitudinal bar, rafter, or stud, or by raising or fixing parallel ribs,
ridges, or projections upon it.
In applying my said Invention to window and skylight frames and sashes I
may dispense with the use of such longitudinal bars, rafters, or studs, and employ
the sides of a frame itself as substitutes therefor. In such cases I form the
slanting or "weathered" slots upon the confronting face or edge of each side in the
same manner as they are formed upon the longitudinal bars, rafters, or studs.
Into the slots thus formed on two adjoining longitudinal bars, rafters, or studs,
or on the sides of the window frames I introduce and slide a sheet or sheets of glass
or other paneling, covering, or protecting material, so that each sheet overlaps the
contiguous edge of the sheet below it, and at each overlap I place a transverse bar
between the sheets to act as an enve, and I may provide a similar transverse bar
to support the top of the lower sheet.
At the foot or base of each sheet I place a stop bar, pins, or snugs to prevent the
sheet descending, and at the top a pin or catch to keep it from rising when in
position.
I may pack the sheets with vulcanized india rubber or other clastic packing,
and provide the grooves, ribs, ridges, or projections formed in or on the longitudinal
bars, rafters, studs, or frame-sides with a small channel or gutter to carry away
any moisture or wet that may be collected under or pass through the joints of the
sheets.
And in that the said Invention may be more fully understood I shall now
proceed to refer to the Drawings on the Sheet hereunto annexed, the same letters
of reference being used throughout all the Figures to indicate the same or corre-
sponding parts of said contrivance.
Fig. I. is a side elevation or view of a portion of the side of a window frame or
a longitudinal bar, rafter, or stud, showing the slanting or "weathered" slots
with the contained sheet or panels, the transverse bars at the overlap of the slicets
or panels, the bars or snugs employed to prevent the latter descending or sliding
beyond the desired point, and the pins or catches to retain them in position.
Fig. II. is a cross-section on the line A, B, in Fig. I.
Fig. 111. is a cross-section on the line C, D, in Fig. L., and
Fig. IV. is a plan or front view of the principal parts shown in Fig. I.
a, a, are the sides of the window or skylight. franes, longitudinal bars, rafters,
or studs having the longitudinal, slanting, or weathered slots formed by the
grooves b, b, or the parallel ribs, ridges, or projections c, c; d, d, are the sheets of
glass or other paneling, covering, or protecting material overlapping each other;
and e, e, are the transverse bars acting as eaves; and e¹, el, are those which support
the top ends of the sheets or panels; f,f, are the bars, pins, or snugs which prevent
the sheets from descending; and g, g, are the pins or catches which retain them in
position; k, k, are small channels or gutters to carry away surface water.

page_text: Having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, I would have it to be understood that I do not claim
window and skylight frames and sashes, sashbars, rafters, and studs, nor the use of
slots, grooves, ribs, ridges, and projections, except when the same are constructed
specially and employed as herein described, nor do I claim the use of glass or
other panels, nor of any of the separate mechanical parts which form my improve-
ments, but I claim,-
First. The manufacture and use of window frames, skylights, sashes, roofs,
hoardings, and screens constructed and employed substantially as described and
shewn in the Drawings hereunto annexed.
Secondly. The use in window frames, skylights, sashes, roofs, hoardings, and
screens of slotted and grooved bars, rafters, and studs constructed and employed
substantially as described and shewn in the Drawings hereunto annexed.
Thirdly. The respective combinations and arrangements of parts which constitute
my improved window frames, skylights, sashes, roofs, hoardings, and screens con-
structed and applied substantially in the manner and for the purposes herein before
described and illustrated in the several Drawings hereunto annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Totton, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twelfth day of July, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty.
JOSEPH TOTTON. (L.S.)