A NEW METHOD OR METHODS OF REFINING AND CLARIFYING CERTAIN VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES
Year: 1815

page_text: MARTINEAU & MARTINEAU'S SPECIFICATION.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, wo, PETER
MARTINEAU the Younger, of Cannonbury House, Islington, in the County of
Middlesex, and JOHN MARTINEAU the Younger, of Stamford Hill, in the said
County, Gentlemen, send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third did,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Eighth day
of May, in the fifty-fifth year of His reign, give and grant unto us,
the said Peter Martineau and John Martineau, our exors, admñiors, and
assigns, His especial licence, full power, solo privilege and authority, that
we, the said Peter Martineau and John Martineau, our exors, aduiors,
and assigns, should and lawfully might, during the term of years therein
mentioned, make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and tho
Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, our Invention of "A NEW METHOD OR
METHODS OF REFINING AND CLARIFYING CERTAIN VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES;" in which
said Letters Patent there is contained a proviso, that if we, the said Peter
Martineau and John Martineau, shall not particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, by an instrument in writing, under our hands and seals, or under
the hand and seal of one of us, and cause the same to be inrolled in IIis
Majesty's High Court of Chancery, within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent, that then the said
Letters Patent, and all liberties and advantages whatsoever thereby granted,
shall utterly cease, determine, and become void, as in and by the sanjo

page_text: Letters Patent, relation being thereunto had, may more fully and at large
appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, we, the said
Peter Martineau and John Martineau, do declare that the vegetable
substance to which we have particularly applied this Invention is sugar, or
sugar more or less dissolved in water, for the purpose of clarifying or refining
it, though the said Invention will apply to other vegetablo substances, and in
particular to such vegetable acids as are usually prepared or manufactured in
a crystallized state; and we declare that if our Invention, so far as relates to
animal charcoal, be applied to these acids or other vegetable substances, the
process to be employed should be the same as is hereafter described, excepting
ouly, that as blood may be advantageously used in refining sugar, it is not
necessary for refining other substances from which the articles we employ
may be separated by filtering in common and well-known methods, and wo
hereby declare that the nature of our said Invention, and the manner in
.which the same is to be performed, are particularly described and ascertained
as follows:-
The articles we employ for purifying and clarifying sugar are, firstly,
animal charcoal, that is to say, animal substances properly burnt or charr'd,
or calcined, whatever denomination the said charcoal may have obtained, as
ivory black, bone ash, &c., and afterwards reduced into smaller pieces or
powder.
Secondly, bituminous earths, commonly called coals, either in the state in
which are mined, or articles of their products after fusion, and reduced as
afore mentioned.
Thirdly, certain argillaceous earths known by the name of ochres.
Fourthly, the vegetable charcoal usually called lamp black. We, however,
generally prefer the use of the first-mentioned articles in the process of refining
and clarifying sugar, which we find renders the sugar so clarified much whiter
than by the heretoforo common method of clarifying.
Now although the manner of applying the above-mentioned substances
in the refining of sugar, may be greatly varied yet the following method we
prefer: We do charge or fill our boilers or pans with sugar and water, or
lime water, as in the common and well-known methods of refining sugar, only
sometimes preferring to add a little more water, or lime water, than in the
common mode of refining, as it generally more easily and effectually separates
the animal charcoal or other substances from the liquid sugar, and we also
add to the above sugar and water in the boiler a quantity of the substances
before mentioned in any quantity according to the quality of the sugar to be

page_text: refined or clarified, though we generally prefer two to five-pounds of charcoals
or earths before mentioned to and for every hundredweight of sugar to be
clarified and refined. And further, we do pour into the boiler the usual
finings of eggs, blood, or other alluminous matter, in rather larger quantities
than in the usual mode of refining, in order in some degree to coagulate and
combine the animal charcoal or other substances with the dirt contained in
the sugar.. We do now well stir up and agitate the liquor in the boiler, in
order that the animal charcoal or other substances may have the greater
effect in blanching the liquor; and after the coagulated ablumen has com-
pletely risen in the form of scum, by the application of heat in the usual way,
we either skim it off as in the common process, or we do pour the whole of
the liquid sugar and scum into and upon the usual or any other known filtre
where the clarified liquor is completely separated from the abluminous matter,
as well as from the animal charcoal or other substances employed, taking care
to return back into the filtre the first runnings of the said liquor,, if not quite
separated from the above substances used. And further, we do proceed in
the well-known and usual manner to evaporate, granulate, and refine the said
liquid sugar so clarified. And further, we do boil over and filtre our scum in
the usual manner. And we do further declare that the sugar so clarified and
refined is preferable to the sugar refined in the heretofore common mode,
inasmuch as it is purer and whiter. And we further declare that the syrups
obtained by this process have not that tendency to ferment which the syrups
havo which are produced in the heretofore usual method.
In witness whereof I, the said Peter Martinean, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of May, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifteen.