Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 18th May, 1887
Complete Left, 20th Feb., 1888
Complete Accepted, 27th Apr., 1888
I, WILLIAM LLOYD WISE, of No. 46, Lincolns Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention (a communication to me from abroad by Max Julius Nordmann,
of Dresden, in the Kingdom of Saxony, German Empire, Engineer,) to be as
follows:
This invention relates to improvements in devices for collecting or storing and
dispensing or giving out motive power, such devices being intended to be used for
stopping and starting vehicles and for other purposes.
The main feature consists in a novel arrangement of parts for using liquid and
air together as the medium for collecting power from any source such for instance as
a moving vehicle during the stopping action and to dispense or give out this power
at will for starting.
It is an important feature in this invention that the receiver of the compressed air
is entirely or partly surrounded by compressing liquid so that no leakage of air is
possible, and on the other hand the arrangement is such that the protection of the
flexible air receiver against undue pressure limits the maximum of pressure and
affords means for regulating the pressure in its generation or storage as well as in its
dispensation or giving out action.
One arrangement of apparatus according to this invention is as follows:-
In a hollow perforated vessel by preference of cylindrical shape made of suitable
material such as iron steel or copper is inserted a second hollow vessel of flexible
material such as india-rubber cautchouc or thin copper, which flexible body in its
normal condition lines the inside of the first named perforated vessel. Within the
D
01

page_text: flexible vessel is mounted a third vessel of suitable material such as iron, steel or
copper which is perforated over almost its entire surface. This vessel is of a somewhat
flattened form, the middle parts of its upper and lower surface being preferably bent
towards each other; and it is preferred that the whole of the exterior surface of this
vessel be rounded off and that the area of such surface correspond to the area of the
interior surface of the first mentioned perforated vessel so that, if external pressure
is exerted upon the flexible vessel it may yield to this pressure until the whole of its
inner surface rests on the outer surface of the inner perforated vessel whereupon this
yielding will cease.
The above described arrangement of three vessels may either form a hollow piston
or plunger of a pump or hydraulic working cylinder, or it may be inserted into an
independent cylinder. In both cases provision must be made to allow access for
liquid to enter the outer perforated vessel, so that the liquid under pressure may exert
its force against the pliable or flexible vessel and vice versa.
If the three vessels are inserted into an independent cylinder a series or group of
such cylinders may be used in connection, the heads of the cylinders communicating
by means of suitable passages with a pump or hydraulic cylinder.
If the three vessels constitute the plunger or piston of a pump,. this pump will
constitute the power collecting or power distributing device whereas, if the three
vessels are inserted into an independent cylinder, this cylinder or the several cylinders
(each containing 3 vessels) will in combination with a pump or hydraulic cylinder
constitute the power collecting or power contributing device.
The reliable effect of its action is based on the fact that the pliable or flexible
vessel will yield to any external pressure up to a point at which it is so compressed,
that it rests with all its inner surface on the outer surface of the internal perforated
vessel.
The two vessels, viz. the flexible vessel and its internal perforated vessel may
contain air of a certain pressure, which in mounting the apparatus is introduced by
means of an air pump the hole for this purpose being afterwards hermetically closed;
the said two vessels may contain a certain quantity of fluid if preferred.
In order to connect the pump (or the hydraulic cylinder as the case may be) with
the source of power, say for instance the axles of tram or railway vehicles, it is
preferred to use a mechanical arrangement by which the piston rod of the pump is
moved at the proper times to collect or store up power by compression of air and to
dispense or give out power by expansion of air. This mechanical device comprises a
drum to which the piston rod may be connected by means of a chain. This drum is
loose on the rotating shaft in one direction and by means of a pawl and rachet wheel
may drive the shaft in the other direction.
The drum may by suitable coupling devices and gearing or other mechanism be
rotated at the proper time in a contrary direction to the revolving direction of its
shaft, so as to draw the piston of the pump and to collect power by the liquid entering
the outer perforated vessel and compressing the flexible vessel as hereinbefore described.
In connexion with the drum there is employed a double pawl under spring pressure,
which by means of a spring lever and a fixed disc having cams or curved slots acting
on the lever will be shifted at the proper instant, so as to engage the pawl with the
ratchet wheel axle in either direction, according to the direction of motion of the
vehicle, so that, if the collected power is to be given out, the piston of the pump will
drive the drum in the direction of the axle and will thereby cause the rotation of said
axle in the proper direction for starting.
If the above described power collecting and distributing device in combination with
the described ratchet and pawl mechanism is employed in a slowly driven vehicle, such
as a tramcar, it is preferred to cause the revolution of the drum by means of a crossed
endless chain working over spur wheels running loose upon the rotating axles and
capable of being coupled to the axles by means of suitable coupling discs and levers.
The crossed endless chain will rotate the drum in a direction contrary to that of the
axles, and by revolving in such direction, will draw the piston and collect power by
compressed air in the enclosed flexible vessel.

page_text: If the chain wheels are uncoupled from the axles, the drum being now connected
by pawls and ratchet wheel to its axle, the collected power will be exerted by the
above means upon the drum axle in the proper direction.
If the power collecting and distributing device in combination with the described
rachet and pawl mechanism is used in a quickly driven vehicle such as a railway car
it is preferred to cause the revolution of the drum by means of worm wheel and other
gearing connected to the axles by means of suitable coupling discs and levers. Such
worm and worm wheel gearing will rotate the drum in a direction contrary to that of
the axles, and have the same effect as that obtained with the endless chain arrange-
ment above referred to.
If the worm gearing is uncoupled from the axle the latter will be revolved in its
proper direction by the power collected.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Stopping and Starting Apparatus, Applicable to
Vehicles and otherwise.
I, WILLIAM LLOYD WISE, of No. 46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention (a communication to me from abroad by Max Julius Nordmann,
of Dresden, in the Kingdom of Saxony, German Empire, Engineer,) and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
This Invention relates to improvements in devices for collecting or storing and
dispensing or giving out motive power, such devices being intended to be used for
stopping and starting vehicles and for other purposes.
The main feature consists in a novel arrangement of parts for using liquid and air
together as the medium for collecting or accumulating power from any source such
for instance as a moving vehicle during the stopping action and to dispense or give
out this power at will for starting.
It is an important feature in this invention that the receiver of the compressed air
is entirely or partly surrounded by compressing liquid so that no leakage of air is
possible, and on the other hand the arrangement is such that the protection of the
pliable air receiver against undue pressure limits the maximum of pressure and
affords means for regulating the pressure in its generation or storage as well as in its
dispensation or giving out action.
According to one arrangement this feature of the invention is carried into operation
as follows
--
In a hollow perforated vessel and by preference of cylindrical shape made of
suitable material such as iron or steel or copper is inserted a second hollow vessel
of pliable material such as india-rubber caoutchouc or thin copper, which pliable body
in its normal condition lines the inside of the first named perforated vessel. Within
the pliable vessel is mounted a third vessel of suitable material such as iron, steel or
copper which is perforated over almost its entire surface. This vessel is of a some-
what flattened form, the middle parts of the upper and lower surface being preferably
bent towards each other; and it is preferred that the whole of the exterior surface of
this vessel be rounded off and that the area of such surface correspond to the area
of the interior surface of the first mentioned perforated vessel so that, if external
pressure is exerted upon the pliable vessel it may yield to this pressure until the
whole of its inner surface rests on the outer surface of the inner perforated vessel
whereupon this yielding will cease.
Referring to the accompanying sheet of illustrative drawings Fig. 1 represents a
partly in longitudinal section partly in side view a combination of an hydraulic
cylinder with a vessel containing a reservoir for compressed air. Fig. 2 is a cross
section through the said vessel and reservoir. Fig. 3 represents a longitudinal section
of an arrangement, showing the vessel and reservoir imbedded within the plunger or
piston of a pump. Fig. 4 is a cross section of Fig. 3.

page_text: Fig. 5 shows a longitudinal section of a modified arrangement in which the
reservoir is imbedded in a differential piston of a differential brake cylinder, the piston
being shown in connection with part of the brake mechanism. In a hollow perforated
vessel of ball shape or preferably of cylindrical shape K, made of suitable material
such as iron steel or copper there is inserted a second hollow body B of pliable nature,
such as india rubber, caoutchouc, thin metal etc. which pliable body B in its natural
state lines the inside of the first named perforated hollow vessel K. Within the
pliable vessel B there is a third rigid vessel D perforated over almost its entire
surface. This vessel D may be if preferred of a flattened form, the middle part of
its upper and lower surfaces or of its upper or lower surface being of a concave shape
and it is preferred that the whole exterior surface of this vessel be rounded off and
the area of such surface correspond to the area of the interior surface of the afore
named vessel K so that if external pressure is exerted upon the pliable vessel B it
may yield to this pressure until it rests with its inner concave surface or surfaces
on the outer surface of the inner perforated vessel D whereupon this yielding
will cease.
The above described arrangement of the three vessels may either form a hollow
piston or plunger of a pump or hydraulic working cylinder as indicated in Figures 3
and 4 or of a brake cylinder as in Figure 5 or it may be inserted into a separate
cylinder as indicated in Figures 1 and 2. In both cases access must be provided for
liquid to enter into the perforated vessel K so that the liquid under pressure may
exert its force against the pliable vessel B and vice versa.
If the three vessels are
inserted into a separate cylinder as indicated in Figures 1 and 2 a series or group of
such cylinders may be used in connection, the heads of the cylinders by means of
suitable passages communicating with a pump or hydraulic cylinder K¹. If the
3 vessels constitute or are imbedded into the plunger or piston of a pump K¹
(Figures and 4) this pump will constitute the power collecting and power dis-
tributing device, whereas if the three vessels are inserted or imbedded into a
differential cylinder K' or form the piston of such cylinder (Figure 5) this cylinder
or a number of such cylinders (each containing the three vessels) will in combination
with a pump or hydraulic cylinder constitute the power accumulating and power
distributing device.
The reliable effect of the action of such arrangements is based on the fact that the
pliable vessel B will yield to any external pressure until it rests with its inner surface
on the outer surface of the internal perforated vessel D. The two vessels viz. the
pliable vessel B and its internal perforated vessel D may contain air of a certain
pressure which in mounting the apparatus is introduced by means of an air pump and
the hole for this purpose is afterwards hermetically closed and the said two vessels
may contain a certain quantity of fluid if preferred.
In Figure 5 there is shewn a modification of the arrangement in which there is
used a differential cylinder and differential piston the latter constituting the air vessel
and having the perforated vessel with the pliable medium within. The air vessel
is in connection with pipes in which liquid is maintained under pressure from any
convenient source say a hand or steam pump. As long as this pressure of liquid is
maintained the air will be compressed within the piston whereas if the pressure of
liquid is reduced, the air in the piston will expand and will force the piston to make
a stroke.
K₁ is the differential cylinder, the part D of the piston fitting in the part of the
cylinder having the smaller diameter forms the vessel or receiver for the compressed
air.
At the end of the piston the perforated vessel K is arranged with the pliable
vessel B within it. The piston is directly connected by its rod and by lever a¹
with the rod leading to the brake blocks. The instroke of the piston will cause the
break block to act against the wheel's periphery. The differential cylinder is provided
with a valve box in which the pipe ends. This may communicate either directly
to the source of pressure or through a main pipe. Through this pipe ³ the liquid
under pressure enters into the valve box in front and rear of the piston and also into
the annular space around the piston-The pressure in rear of the piston will cause

page_text: an outstroke of the piston whereby the air in the pliable vessel will be compressed
by the liquid entering through the perforations of the vessel K. The pressure of the
liquid will have raised the check valve a* against the pressure of its spring and the
passage in the rotating piston valve will provide communication from the valve box
to the rear of the piston.
The above description sets forth the normal position of the parts. If now the
pressure of liquid in the pipe fails or is reduced the compressed air in the air
receiver will expand and by acting on the liquid in front of the piston will cause
the instroke of the latter. The liquid in the annular space around the piston will
escape through pipe x. While the rod draws the brake blocks towards the wheel
the finger on the lever will meet the small lever thereby rotating by means
of the bevil wheels the piston valve into the position of Figure 5. The rear of
the piston is thus put into communication with the above named annular space and
the outlet pipe. The pressure against the rear of the piston is thus removed while the
pressure in front of the piston causes it to finish its inward stroke thereby pressing the
brake blocks with full power against the wheels.
In order to connect the pump or hydraulic cylinder (shewn in Figures 1 to 4) with
any source of power say for instance the axles of tram or railway cars it is preferred
to use a mechanical device Figures 6. 7. 8. 9. 10 (by which the piston rod of the said
pump is moved at the proper instant to accumulate power by the compression of air
and to dispense power by expansion of air.
The mechanical device comprises a drum m Figure 9 to which the piston rod may
be connected by means of a chain l. This drum is loose on the rotating shaft in one
direction and may be coupled to it by a pawl and ratchet in the drum when moving
in the other direction. The said drum may by suitable coupling devices and gearing
or other mechanism be rotated at the proper instant in a contrary direction to the
revolving direction of its shaft so as to draw the piston of the pump and to collect
power by the liquid entering into the vessel K and compressing B down to D.
There is preferably used in connection with the drum m a double pawl p under
spring pressure which by means of a spring lever g and finger g' and a fixed disc ♪
with curved slots can be shifted at the proper instant so as to couple the
drum m with its axle so that if the collected power is to be dispensed the piston of
the pump will draw the drum in the direction of the axle and will thereby cause the
rotation of the said axle in the proper direction for starting.
If the above described power collecting and dispensing device is used in combination
with the described ratchet and pawl mechanism in a slowly moving vehicle such as a
Tramcar it is preferred to cause the revolution of the drum m by means of a crossed
endless chainn (Figures 11. 12) driven by the rotating axles when the wheels of
said chain are coupled to the axles W. W. by means of the coupling levers and
discs X and W°.
The crossed endless chain will rotate the drum m in a direction contrary to that of
the revolution of the axles, and will move the piston to accumulate power by
compressing air in the enclosed pliable vessel B.
If the chain wheels are uncoupled from the axles and the drum m connected by
pawl and ratchet to its axle the collected power will be exerted by the above described
means upon the axle of the drum in the proper direction.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is :-
1. The combination of a perforated vessel K, of a perforated capsule or vessel D
and of a pliable vessel B situated between K and D, which vessel B in its convex or
extended form or condition rests against the inner surface of K and in its concave or
compressed form or condition rests on the outer surface of D, serving as a pliable
medium for the purpose of preventing mixing of air contained in the inner vessel and
of liquid contained in the outer vessel substantially as described.
2. The combination of the arrangement referred to in the preceding claim with the

page_text: plunger or piston of an hydraulic or brake cylinder substantially as described with
reference to and shown in Figures 1 to 5 of the drawings.
3. For the purpose of transmitting the power (accumulated by the means referred to
in claims 1 and 2) to a shaft for right hand or left hand rotation connecting the piston
by connecting links such as a chain with a loose drum m on a shaft provided with a
ratchet wheel and a double pawl under spring pressure, the position of the double
pawl being determined by the guidance of curved slots (s) by means of a spring lever
raised or lowered by the drum m substantially as described with reference to and
shown in Figures 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10.
4. The combination of the devices referred to in claims 1 to 3 with an endless
crossed chain (u) connecting the loose clutches of the coupling on the two axles of a
vehicle the said chain rotating the drum m during the time the brake is in action in a
backward direction, so that on releasing the brake the accumulated power will rotate
the drum m in a forward direction the said drum being now coupled by the ratchet
and pawl to its axle substantially as described with reference to and shown in Figs. 11
and 12 of the drawings.
T 1
BOLL
CL ....
1000