Improvements in and relating to Buoyancy Motors.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 20th Nov., 1894-Accepted, 20th Nov. 1895
COMPLETE
OF MOITATION.
[Communicated from abroad by GUSTAVO BACCI, of 22 Rue Salita, Piola, Genoa,
in the Kingdom of Italy, Student.]
Improvements in and relating to Buoyancy Motors.
I, HENRY HARRIS LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake & Co., Patent
Agents, 45 Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained, in and by the following
statement:-
This invention relates to buoyancy motors and has for its object to produce motion
without expending any energy.
The improved motor constructed according to the said invention comprises the
following parts hereinafter described that is to say, two cast-iron supports; two
rotary shafts carrying each three wheels; two endless chains or belts or two endless
metallic cables; several elevators which may have either cylinders with bellows or
cylinders with pistons, an air conducting and equilibrating tube having several
discharge pipes and tight cocks; a fixed disc or plate; an interruptor; and a
vessel or receptacle which must be filled with water.
:
The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which
Figures 1 and 2 are vertical sections taken at opposite sides of the apparatus.
Figure 3 is a vertical section at right angles to that shown in Figures 1 and 2.
Figure 4 is a detail view of one of the cylinders and air vessels detached.
Figure 5 is a modification of the same.
Figure 6 is a detail view of the air pipe or conductor.
Figure 7 shows to an enlarged scale a sectional detail view of the cylinders E;
the bellows c; and a part of the interruptor Q.
Figure 8 is an enlarged view of the upper part of the apparatus showing the
cylinders interruptor and the air conducting pipe.
Figure 9 shows the opposite cylinders in section, namely a front cylinder ready
to rise, the rear cylinder, consequently reversed, ready to descend; the interruptor
in action.
Figure 10 shows a partial front view of the upper part of the air tube or conductor
and the wheel for carrying the same together with the guiding disc for operating
the valves in the air conductor.
Figure 11 is a section of a part of the air pipe or conductor and the discharge
chamber and valve and
Figure 12 is a side elevation of part of the said air pipe or conductor showing how
the valves therein are operated.
The cast-iron supports B B¹ (Figure 1) are designed for carrying the two
shafts A A¹.
Upon the rotary shaft A is keyed three wheels C, L, P and upon the shaft A¹
are keyed three similar wheels CL P. The upper shaft A or the lower shaft A¹
may serve as a driving shaft, as may be desired or as is most suitable for the
application of the motor to various industries. On the shaft used as the driving
shaft is fixed a fly wheel U for the regularity of the movement, and a pulley Z for
the transmission of the movement.
The chains, belts or metallic cables M M' designed to support the elevators N
pass round the wheels C C¹L L' giving movement to such wheels. Each of the

page_text: elevators N consist as shown in Figure 4 of a metallic cylinder E in which is
arranged a strong bellows c made of leather or gummed cloth and whose upper
movable cover is very heavy. These bellows c may be replaced by a piston u
sliding in the cylinder E as shown in Figure 5. Whatever is stated herein
regarding the bellows c in the body of the cylinder E is also applicable to the
piston which replaces it, because the action and effect are similar: In the upper
part of each cylinder E is formed a hole which receives a strong indiarubber pipe i
Figures 1 and 2 terminating in the air conductor V bereinafter described; in the
lower part of the said cylinder is formed another hole to which is connected
another metallic pipe O Figure 3 in direct communication with the bellows c this
pipe is U-shaped and carries at its extremities two indiarubber vessels or globes t.
Each cylinder E is fixed to chains, belts, or metallic cables M M by means of two
small bars h h ss as shown in Figure 2.
Each cylinder E carries a catch device comprising an indiarubber bulb e which
has in its interior a small iron rod or spindle provided with a spiral spring:
this rod or spindle is in communication with the interior of the cylinder, and it may,
when acted upon as hereinafter described by an interrupter, stop the movement of
the bellows C in the cylinders.
Four, six, eight or any other suitable number of these elevators with cylinders
having either bellows Figure 4, or pistons (Figure 5) are employed according to the
power which it is desired to produce and according to the length of the chains,
belts or metallic cables, so that half of the elevators which are in front will have
their bottoms downwards while the other half which are at the rear will have their
bottoms upwards.
The air conducting tube V (Figure 1) carried by grooved wheels P P is
necessary for the prompt and free operation of the bellows C and for suitably
establishing the equilibrium of the atmospheric pressure; it has several indiarubber
tubes connected together so as to make an hernietic joint with intermediate metal
tubes which are each provided with a discharge chamber d fitted with a cock or
valve n which serves to discharge into the receptacle H (Figure 1) the water which
may have been introduced into the tube V or into the elevators.
The fixed disc R is held in its place by the support nearest to the conducting
tube V (Figure 1) by means of two bars and serves to keep open the valves or
cocks n of the tube V during the passage round the upper half of its circumference
Figure 10.
The interruptor Q (Figure 1) is formed by a U-shaped bar of angle iron resting
on the bottom of the vessel H and can slide in a groove provided in the base d";
q' is a screw threaded rod suitably attached to the said interruptor which rod extends
to the outside of the vessel H and is another screw-threaded rod likewise attached
to the said interruptor and which also extends to the outside of the vessel. By
means of chain wheels or the like m m' keyed upon the screw threaded rods q q
and connected by an endless chain or metallic cable X or the like, the interruptor Q
may be caused to act upon the catch device.
The hereinbefore mentioned catch device is shown in Figure 7 and comprises an
oval-shaped bulbe a metal rod or spindle b a steel spiral spring d a small wheel f
upon the said rod b.
The bulb e serves to enclose and to protect against the water the portion of the
rod which is provided with the spiral spring d. As will be seen from the drawing,
this rod passes from one extremity to the other of the bulb e; the part h of said
rod which projects from the bulb carries at its extremity the small wheel f. The
parts where the bulb is connected to the portion h of the rod b is fitted so as to
form a hermetic joint; the other opposite part o of the rod which leaves the bulb
at u and slides therein, corresponds in length to the radius of the cylinders E.
This part o of the rod b is inserted in the same position in all the other cylinders
(see Figure 1). The manner in which the bulb is secured to the cylinders E will
be readily seen from Figure 7.
The rod is introduced with its longer part o into the interior of the cylinders

page_text: as has already been stated; it has also been stated that the longer part o of the .
rod 6 must be as long as the radius of the cylinders; but in the drawing, Figure 7,
it is seen that the rod b projects over the radius of the cylinder E; moreover it
will be observed that the said rod is introduced into a ring k secured to the bellows
for the purpose of stopping the said bellows and that owing to this fact the rod.
will hold the bellows C in suspension; this will take place when the interruptor Q.
(see Figure 7), has been moved to the friction roller, and pushed the rod b
inward thus introducing the same into the stop ring k on the bellow e holding the.
same in suspension. The rod b thus serves or is designed to suspend or interrupt
the course or the free descent and closing of the bellows C.
The spiral spring d, Figure 7 serves to return the rod to its original position,
when the latter has been released by the interruptor Q, so that when the rod bis
released from the stop ring k of the bellows c, the bellows may close, while causing
their indiarubber bulbs t to become inflated.
The small wheel fon the rod serves to secure a better sliding motion of the.
rod upon the interruptor Q.
In order to make it clear how the rod prevents the closing of the bellows c
by means of the interruptor Q reference is had to Figure 9 of the drawings.
In this figure two cylinders E are shown in section; the lower one which is
reversed and has consequently its bellow c open the latter being in the position it
occupies when descending; the upper cylinder which on the contrary is in the
ascending position and would rise if the free closure of its bellow c had not been
interrupted by means of the interruptor Q.
Figure 9 shows the interruptor Q which has already by means of its longer
bar pushed the rod into the stop ring k of the open bellow c placed in the
interior of the reversed cylinder E.
It is apparent from this that the action of the rod b upon the bellows (produced
by means of the interruptor) must of necessity and absolutely commence in the
position of the interruptor Q. It is apparent that the action of the rod b
having commenced in the position of the interruptor continues up the whole
height of the longer bar s*, this bar s* being of a height corresponding to about
the height of the whole apparatus.
In order to show how the cocks or valves n are kept open reference is made to
Figures 10, 11 and 12 of the drawings. The air pipe or conductor V is formed of
india-rubber pipes A alternating with metal pipes M Figure 11 united to each other
hermetically. To the metal pipes M is screwed or cast in one piece therewith the
discharge chamber d** into which the cock a is screwed.
As this pipe or conductor V is formed by a number of strong indiarubber and
metal pipes, it is flexible and is capable of being arranged without resistance, upon
the grooved wheels PP. The two extremities of the pipe are always connected
In front of the upper
hermetically in order to form an uninterrupted whole.
wheel P the fixed disc R is arranged. The cocks or valves of the pipe V
(Figure 10) which are not acted upon are naturally and automatically closed by
the action of spiral springs o which always tends to keep the cocks closed (sce
Figure 11).
The wheels P P which carry the pipe V are fixed to the shafts A A'; there-
fore when the axes of said shafts move, the two wheels PP and consequently the
pipe will also move.
During the upward movement of the pipe V the lower cock in Figure 12 will as
will be understood commence to open as soon as the roller on the lever v comes in
contact with the disc R, and will remain open as long as the said roller = continues
in contact with the disc R and until the said cock arrives at the point h.
(Figure 10).
2
The vessel or receptacle H made either of cast iron or bricks is filled with
water and is designed to contain the entire mechanical apparatus hereinbefore
described.
When the bellows c (Figure 3) of the elevators in front are closed and lowered

page_text: upon the bottom of the cylinders E the air which they contain passes through the
communicating tubes O into the indiarubber globes or vessels Figures 3 and 5
and inflates them; whereas the other elevators being turned upside down have also
their bellows turned upside down and therefore open, so that the air which was in
the indiarubber globes or vessels t has returned to the bellows, emptying the globes
or vessels. Accordingly when water is poured into the vessel H the elevators
whose globes or vessels are full of air have a greater buoyancy than the opposite
elevators whose globes or vessels are closed, that is to say are without air, so that
by reason of the Archimedean principle the front elevators whose globes or vessels
are filled with air will be raised and pushed upwards with a greater force than the
opposite elevators whose globes or vessels are empty, thus producing movement.
By moving the metallic cable X passing round the small wheels m m' the
interruptor Q (Figure 1) may be pushed against the catch devices to prevent the
free downward movement of the bellows c in the body of the cylinders or the free
downward movement of the piston u if, instead of elevaters with bellows, elevators
with pistons u are used and consequently interrupt the communication of the air
which the said cylinders contain in their indiarubber globes or vessels. When this
communication is interrupted all the elevators receive the same upward push and
as equilibrium is thus established the movement will be arrested.
The apparatus is set in motion by operating the endless cable X passing round
the small wheels m m' in the opposite direction to that of the first movement; thus
liberating the catch devices. As soon as the interruptor Q advances, the
communication of air is re-established (by the lowering and closing of the bellows
which have remained free) between the elevators which are in the front part of the
motor and the corresponding indiarubber globes or vessels, from which results the
necessary movement.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to me by
my foreign correspondent, I declare that what I claim is :-
First. In buoyancy motors the combination of a number of cylinders with
bellows or pistons, communicating each with one or more elastic vessels so that the
air may alternately expand or inflate the vessels or fill the cylinders.
Second. In buoyancy motors the combination of cylinders with bellows or
pistons, connected with each other by means of endless cables, chains or belts
passing round wheels and a pipe setting the interior of all the cylinders in
communication for the purpose of facilitating the circulation of the air.
Third. In buoyancy motors the combination of cylinders containing bellows or
pistons as hereinbefore described with small pear-shaped catch devices containing
an iron spindle and a steel spiral spring, and an iron bar or interrupter adapted for
simultaneously actuating a number of the said catch devices for the purpose of
stopping the movement of the apparatus.
Dated this 20th day of November 1894.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.