IMPROVE- MENTS IN CARE HAD REPEAT LOADER TYRE ADEO "
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Jones and Frederick James Jones, both of
Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN CARE HAD REPEAT LOADER TYRE ADEO "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Jones and Fre-
derick James Jones at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 4th October 1865.
WC, JOSEPH JONES and FREDERICK JAMES JONES, both of Birmingham, in
the County of Warwick, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARTRIDGES FOR BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS," to be as
follows:-
Our improvements primarily relate to the manufacture of those cartridges
which carry or contain their own means of ignition. The improvements
mainly consist in a combination of parts comprising the barrel, tube, or case,
all as hereafter described. The barrel, tube, or case may be of
paper rolled
from sheets to form a tube or formed direct from a pulp, or we use metal,
woven linen, or cotton, or other fibrous fabric or pulp of the same, or wood
or wood pulp, or a combination of any or all of these substances. To the
tube or case we attach, in the manner hereafter described, a metal head
having a cup or chamber formed solid to. and in a piece with the head, or
otherwise arranged so as to receive and retain the fulminate for igniting the
powder charge, which fulminate is exploded by a piece or plug of metal

page_text: which receives and imparts to the fulminate the blow from the piston or per-
cussing medium. This head is formed to contain a mass of pulp of paper
or other material in combination with or without the paper, which pulp is
solidified and compressed into and thereby fills the head, thus forming a re-
sisting surface to the explosive action of the powder charge, and which surface
may be of any convenient form, and where the entire case is formed of pulp
this inner pulp of the head may or may not be of the same mass as the case.
In these our improvements we form the head of an elastic composite
metal, or of brass, iron, steel, or tin, as may be most advantageous. This
head has struck up from it, and in by preference a component part or a
piece therewith, a cup or chamber of any convenient form, which cup is
pierced by one or more apertures at its lower or forward end to admit the
flash from the fulminate to ignite the powder charge. This head has formed
on its outer periphery a hollow shoulder or rim, whereby not only is the case
and pulp more firmly united to the head by the force exerted to solidify the
pulp herein-before described as filling the same, and by which the outer case
is driven into the hollow rim, thereby attaching and securing the same, but
the rim also serves as a means by which the empty cartridge is extracted
from the fire-arm after explosion. In order however to more fully insure
sufficient cohesion of the head case and pulp, and to prevent the possibility
of a disruption under any circumstances whatever, the head, which we prefer
to be slightly coned from about midway in its outer length towards and up
to the rim, is milled or indented at the intersection of the coned and parallel
portions on its external periphery. The fulminate is contained in the cup
or chamber of the head, and ignition is effected by the percussive blow of
the piston or percussing medium of the fire-arm, whether such piston or
percussing medium be exerted in a line parallel or oblique to the axis of the
cartridge, striking the exposed surface of the piece or plug of metal which is
placed within and fills the entire diameter of the cup or chamber, and is of
sufficient length to be maintained parallel in the cup while it receives and
imparts to the fulminate the blow from the piston or percussing medium
by which the fulminate is exploded. The cup or chamber of the head may
be of any convenient form and may or may not be, as herein-before described,
a component part of the head, as we sometimes prefer to form the cup of an
independent piece of metal and to attach the same to the head upon either
its external or internal face, or both, the head being arranged to receive it.
Any kind of fulminate at present in use is adapted to these improvements,
but we prefer a fulminate composed of chlorate of potash and red phosphorus
in equal proportions, or nitrate of potash and red phosphorus in the same

page_text: proportions, thoroughly mixed together while in a moist state, and incorpo-
rated with glue, or size, or other material or adhesive compound in small
quantity, and which we sometimes waterproof. We sometimes vary the
above-mentioned proportions, adding more of either component as the fulmi-
nate may require to best answer the purpose required, and we sometimes.add
gunpowder in small quantities; or we steep gun cotton in a solution of tho
above-named fulminate; this fulminate we use in preference to others because
it is capable of being used for charging the cartridges in a moist state, when
it is perfectly safe from all danger of explosion and may be handled by the
operator with the greatest impunity, and when dry it produces a strong fire
flash without the powerfully explosive qualities of the ordinary detonating
fulminating powder.
Our improvements further consist in the construction of cartridges carrying
their own means of ignition, by a combination of tube or case and metal head
with cup or chamber solid to the same, as herein-before described, arranged
to receive and retain a percussion cap, as also a metal or other anvil or piece
for sustaining the blow of the percussing medium by which the fulminate
contained in the percussion cap is exploded, the head formed as before de-
scribed to contain the pulp, which is compressed into and fills the head, and
forms a resisting surface to the explosive action of the powder charge, and
which as previously described may be of any convenient form..
These improvements are equally applicable to all existing "central-fire"
cartridges where the percussion cap is exposed to the direct blow of a needle
or piston, as also where the percussion cap is exploded by a pin or "broach,"
the metal head with its cup and other parts being varied to suit the altered
requirements.
In applying our improvements to "central-fire cartridges with the per-
cussion cap exposed to the direct blow of the piston or percussing medium of
the fire-arm, we form the head of an elastic composite metal or other metal,
as herein-before described, having struck up from and being a component'
part of the head a cup or chamber of a configuration to suit the form of anvil
which may be employed therewith; this cup is pierced with one or more
apertures at its. base to admit the flash from the cap to ignite the powder
charge. The head has a shoulder or rim, as previously described, by which
the outer case is attached and secured by the solidification of the pulp, and
the head is coned and milled or indented as for the cartridge without a per-
cussion cap. The percussion cap is sustained by the cup of the head, and
ignition is effected by the percussive blow of the piston or percussing medium
of the fire-arm, whether such piston or percussing medium be exerted in a line

page_text: parallel with or oblique to the axis of the cartridge striking the exposed
surface of the cap. The cap has placed within it an anvil for the purpose of
withstanding the percussive blow and exploding its fulminate; this anvil may
be either solid or hollow, or of wire of such form as shall receive the full
impact of the percussing medium at whatever angle it may be exerted, and
thereby render the explosion of the fulminate unfailing under any circumstances.
The configuration of the anvil may be varied as may be necessary to attain this
object, and may in some instances have both the head (towards the fulminate)
and the base (towards the perforated end of the cup) to correspond, so that
by this means no error could arise in placing the anvil in the cup and cap,
but in no case should the form or configuration be continuous from head to
base, or be parallel to the sides of the cup, but formed with a stalk or stem
or sinking or indentation in the body or intermediate portion between the
head and base, so as to ensure the flash from the fulminate passing over or
around or through the head and base of the anvil to the perforations in the
cup, and thus be communicated to the powder charge.
We sometimes prefer to vary the herein-before described arrangements of
cup and anvil by omitting a portion of or the entire metal cup of the head,
and instead thereof the chamber for receiving the percussion cap is entirely
or partially formed in and by the pulp already described as compressed into
the head, and the blow upon the anvil is sustained either by an inner metallic
cup or lining on the face of and over or partially embedded in the pulp, of
which inner cup or lining the anvil may or may not form a component part.
This inner cup having a raised, coned, or spherical or other formed perforated
end to conduct the cap flash to the powder charge in lieu of and to correspond
with or answer the purpose of the omitted cup of the head, or we so form the
cup or chamber as to sustain the percussion cap, which by this arrangement
may be exploded without the use of an anvil, and in this case the perforated
end of the cup or chamber may or may not be formed in the substance of the
pulp of the head. Sometimes we further vary the herein-before described
arrangements by forming the anvil with and a part of the coned or spherical
perforated end of the cup, which perforated end is then formed separately
from the cup of the head, but is securely attached to the cup, the cup being
then varied as required.
Sometimes we still further vary the herein-before described arrangements
of cup and anvil, and in this case explode the percussion cap or fulminate by
a piece of wire or metal forming as it were an elongated anvil and passing
through the powder charge, the blow from the percussing medium being sus-
tained by the base of the projectile. In or attached to the base of the

page_text: projectile we place the fulminate for exploding the charge, whether such
fulminate be contained in a percussion cap or otherwise; or the elongated
anvil may or may not be attached to the base of the projectile, or to a wad
between the projectile and the powder charge or otherwise. Sometimes we
omit the milling or indentation around the head, as herein-before described.
The before-mentioned arrangements of cup and anvil, or cup, anvil, and
inner lining or fulminate placed in the cup and ignited with a plug, we vary
as required for metallic cartridges, the heads of which may or may not form
part of the cartridge itself, or in which the case, head, and cup are formed of
one piece of metal.
The foregoing arrangements are applicable to "central-fire" cartridges
where the percussion cap is exploded by a pin or "broach," but in this case
the rim or shoulder may be formed by the junction of the head containing
the cup and its adjuncts, and the metal ring surrounding the case, to the
extent of the thickness of the pulp behind or through which the pin for
percussing the cap and exploding its fulminate passes, the several parts being
varied as may be necessary to suit requirements, or the head may be formed
as previously described, and the pulp drilled or otherwise cut to admit the
pin.
Our improvements also further consist in making the case somewhat
conical either internally or externally, or both (when of paper or other
material except metal), so as to cause the same to be thicker at the head
than at the mouth, and in giving both the exterior and interior surfaces
thereof a high degree of polish, and by compressing the forward portion or
mouth of the case to a greater extent than the rear or head end it is better
calculated to resist the strain of the explosion. We sometimes omit the
external coning of the case, but prefer its being coned as it is thus rendered
more easy of extraction and less liable to be jammed in the chamber of the
fire-arm by the explosion of the charge.
In cartridges formed with pulp cases we vary the metal head as required,
in some instances using only a back plate of metal with a rim or shoulder to
attach it to the case, or we omit the metal head and form the cartridge
entirely of pulp, the cup and anvil, or cup, anvil, and inner lining or
fulminate placed in the cup and ignited with a plug being arranged to suit
requirement. In preparing the pulp for these cases we incorporate coloring
compounds either separately or in combination with plumbago, which latter
we use for the purpose of preventing the cartridge sticking in the chamber of
the fire-arm after the explosion of the charge, and at the same time to render
the cartridge to a certain extent repellent of moisture.

page_text: Our improvements consist, lastly, in preparing cartridges to resist damp and
moisture by dipping or immersing them in a composition of pyroxyline dis-
solved in alcohol either methylated or otherwise, or by dipping or immersing
or otherwise coating the cartridges (except the heads and other metallic
portions) with pure beeswax dissolved and diluted with alcohol. Where the
cases are formed direct from pulp, we add to the pulp resinous gum dissolved
in alcohol, the quantity of gum being varied to suit the different description
of pulp employed. In any or all of the above-mentioned modes of preparing
cartridges to resist damp and moisture, we add to such composition a certain
amount of plumbago or titanium. Sometimes we waterproof cartridges by
dipping them in or adding to the pulp from which they are made a solution
of common tallow soap decomposed with alum in solution.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Joseph Jones and Frederick James Jones in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 4th April 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOSEPH
JONES and FREDERICK JAMES JONES, both of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-ninth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said Joseph Jones and Frederick James Jones, Her special licence
that we, the said Joseph Jones and Frederick James Jones, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Joseph Jones
and Frederick James Jones, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "Ix-
PROVEMENTS IN CARTRIDGES FOR BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that we, the said Joseph Jones and Frederick James
Jones, our, or one of our executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under our, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed

page_text: in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the-date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Joseph Jones and Frederick James
Jones, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the
accompanying Drawings, that is to say:―
Our improvements primarily relate to the manufacture of those cartridges
which carry or contain their own means of ignition.
The improvements mainly consist in a combination of parts, comprising the
barrel, tube, or case, all as hereafter described; the barrel, tube, or case may
be of paper rolled from sheets to form a tube, or formed direct from a pulp, or
we use metal, woven linen, or cotton, or other fibrous fabric or pulp of the
same, or wood or wood pulp, or a combination of any or all of these substances.
To the tube or case we attach, in the manner hereafter described, a metal
head having a cup or chamber formed solid to and in a piece with the head,
or otherwise arranged so as to receive and retain the fulminate for igniting
the powder charge, which fulminate is exploded by a piece or plug of metal,
which receives and imparts to the fulminate the blow from the piston or
percussing medium. This head is formed to contain a mass of pulp of paper
or other material in combination with or without the paper, which pulp is
solidified and compressed into and thereby fills the head, thus forming a
resisting surface to the explosive action of the powder charge, and which
surface may be of any convenient form, and where the entire case is formed
of pulp this inner pulp of the head may or may not be of the same mass as
the case.
In these our improvements, we form the head of an elastic composite
metal, or of brass, iron, steel, or tin, as may be most advantageous. This head
has struck up from it and in by preference a component part or a piece there-
with, a cup or chamber of any convenient form, which cup is pierced by one
or more apertures at its lower or forward end to admit the flash from the
fulminate to ignite the powder charge. This head has formed on its outer
periphery a hollow shoulder or rim whereby not only is the case and pulp
more firmly united to the head by the force exerted to solidify the pulp herein..
before described as filling the same, and by which the outer case is driven
into the hollow rim, thereby attaching and securing the same, but the rim
also serves as a means by which the empty cartridge is extracted from the
fire-arm after explosion. In order, however, to more fully insure sufficient
cohesion of the head, case, and pulp, and to prevent the possibility of a dis-

page_text: ruption under any circumstances whatever, the head, which we prefer to be
slightly coned from about midway in its outer length towards and up to the
rim, is milled or indented at the intersection of the coned and parallel portions
on its external periphery. The fulminate is contained in the cup or chamber
of the head, and ignition is effected by the percussive blow of the piston or
percussing medium of the fire-arm, whether such piston or percussing medium
be exerted in a line parallel or oblique to the axis of the cartridge, striking
the exposed surface of the piece or plug of metal, which is placed within and
fills the entire diameter of the cup or chamber, and is of sufficient length to
be maintained parallel in the cup while it receives and imparts to the fulminate
the blow from the piston or percussing medium by which the fulminate is
exploded. The cup or chamber of the head may be of any convenient form,
and may or may not be, as herein-before described, a component part of the
head, as we sometimes prefer to form the cup of an independent piece of metal
and to attach the same to the head upon either its external or internal face,
or both, the head being arranged to receive it. Any kind of fulminate at
present in use is adapted to these improvements, but we prefer a fulminate
composed of chlorate of potash and red or amorphous phosphorus in equal
proportions, or nitrate of potash and red or amorphous phosphorus in the
same proportions, thoroughly mixed together while in a moist state, and
incorporated with glue, size, or other material or adhesive compound in small
quantity, and which we sometimes waterproof. We vary the above-mentioned
proportions, adding sometimes more of either component as the fulminate may
require to best answer the purpose required, and we sometimes add gunpowder
in small quantities, or we steep gun cotton in a solution of the above-named
fulminate. This fulminate we use in preference to others because it is capable
of being used for charging the cartridges in a moist state, when it is perfectly
safe from all danger of explosion and may be handled by the operator with
the greatest impunity, and when dry it produces a strong fire flash, without the
powerfully explosive qualities of the ordinary detonating fulminating powder.
Our improvements further consist in the construction of cartridges carrying
their own means of ignition, by a combination of tube or case and metal head
with cup or chamber solid to the same, as herein-before described, arranged
to receive and retain a percussion cap, as also a metal or other anvil or piece
for sustaining the blow of the percussing medium, by which the fulminate
contained in the percussion cap is exploded; the head formed as before
described to contain the pulp, which is compressed into and fills the head, and
forms a resisting surface to the explosive action of the powder charge, and
which as previously described may be of any convenient form.

page_text: These improvements are equally applicable to all existing "central-fire"
cartridges where the percussion cap is exposed to the direct blow of a needle
or piston, as also where the percussion cap is exploded by a pin or broach;
the metal head with its cup and other parts being varied to suit the altered
requirements.
In applying our improvements to "central-fire cartridges, with the per-
cussion cap exposed to the direct blow of the piston or percussing medium
of the fire-arm, we form the head of an elastic composite metal or other metal,
as herein-before described, having struck up from and being a component part
of the head a cup or chamber of a configuration to suit the form of anvil
which may be employed therewith. This cup is pierced with one or more
apertures at its base to admit the flash from the cap to ignite the powder
charge. The head has a shoulder or rim, as previously described, by which
the outer case is attached and secured by the solidification of the pulp, and
the head is coned and milled or indented as for the cartridge without a
percussion cap. The percussion cap is sustained by the cup of the head, and
ignition is effected by the percussive blow of the piston or percussing medium
of the fire-arm, whether such piston or percussing medium be exerted in a
line parallel with or oblique to the axis of the cartridge, striking the exposed
surface of the cap. The cap has placed within it an anvil for the purpose of
withstanding the percussive blow and exploding its fulminate. This anvil may
be either solid or hollow, or of wire, of such form as shall receive the full
impact of the percussing medium at whatever angle it may be exerted, and
thereby render the explosion of the fulminate unfailing under any circumstances.
The configuration of the anvil may be varied as may be necessary to attain
this object, and may in some instances have both the head (towards the
fulminate) and the base (towards the perforated end of the cup) to correspond,
¯ so that by this means no error could arise in placing the anvil in the cup and
cap, but in no case should the form or configuration be continuous from head
to base or be parallel to the sides of the cup, but formed with a stalk or stem,
or sinking or indentation in the body or intermediate portion between the head
and base, so as to ensure the flash from the fulminate passing over, around, or
through the head and base of the anvil to the perforations in the cup, and
thus be communicated to the powder charge.
We sometimes prefer to vary the herein-before described arrangements of
cup and anvil by omitting a portion of or the entire metal cup of the head,
and instead thereof the chamber for receiving the percussion cap is entirely
or partially formed in and by the pulp already described as compressed into
the head, and the blow upon the anvil is sustained either by an inner metallic

page_text: cup or lining on the face of and over or partially embedded in the pulp, of
which inner cup or lining the anvil may or may not form a component part;
this inner cup having a raised, coned, or spherical or other formed perforated
end to conduct the cap flash to the powder charge in lieu of and to correspond
with or answer the purpose of the omitted cup of the head; or we so form
the cup or chamber as to sustain the percussion cap, which by this arrange-
ment may be exploded without the use of an anvil; and in this case the
perforated end of the cup or chamber may or may not be formed in the
substance of the pulp of the head.
Sometimes we further vary the herein-before described arrangements by
forming the anvil with and a part of the coned or spherical perforated end of
the cup, which perforated end is then formed separately from the cup of the
head, but is securely attached to the cup, the cup being then varied as
required.
Sometimes we still further vary the herein-before described arrangements
of cup.and anvil, and in this case explode the percussion cap or fulminate by
a piece of wire or metal forming as it were an elongated anvil and passing
through the powder charge, the blow from the percussing medium being
sustained by the base of the projectile. In or attached to the base of the
projectile we place the fulminate for exploding the charge, whether such
fulminate be contained in a percussion cap or otherwise; or the elongated
anvil may or may not be attached to the base of the projectile, or to a wad
between the projectile and the powder charge, or otherwise.
.
Sometimes we omit the milling or indentation around the head, aș herein-
before described.
The before-mentioned arrangements of cup and anvil, or cup, anvil, and
inner lining or fulminate placed in the cup and ignited with a plug we vary
as required for "metallic cartridges," the heads of which may or may not
form part of the cartridge itself, or in which the case, head, and cup are
formed of one piece of metal.
The foregoing arrangements are applicable to "central-fire" cartridges,
where the percussion cap is exploded by a pin or broach, but in this case
the rim or shoulder may be formed by the junction of the head containing the
cup and its adjuncts, and the metal ring surrounding the case to the extent of
the thickness of the pulp behind or through which the pin for percussing the
cap and exploding its fulminate passes, the several parts being varied as may
be necessary to suit requirements; or the head may be formed as previously
described, and the pulp drilled or otherwise cut to admit the pin.
Our improvements also further consist in making the case somewhat

page_text: conical either internally or externally, or both (when of paper or other material
except metal), so as to cause the same to be thicker at the head than at the
mouth, and in giving both the exterior and interior surfaces thereof a high
degree of polish, and by compressing the forward portion or mouth of the case
to a greater extent than the rear or head end it is better calculated to resist
the strain of the explosion. We sometimes omit the external coning of the
case, but prefer its being coned as its is thus rendered more easy of extraction
and less liable to be jammed in the chamber of the fire-arm by the explosion
of the charge. In cartridges formed with pulp cases we vary the metal head
as required, in some instances using only a back plate of metal with a rim or
shoulder to attach it to the case, or we omit the metal head and form the
cartridge entirely of pulp, the cup and anvil, or cup, anvil, and inner lining or
fulminate placed in the cup and ignited with a plug being arranged to suit
requirement. In preparing the pulp for these cases we incorporate coloring
compounds either separately or in combination with plumbago, which latter
we use for the purpose of preventing the cartridge sticking in the chamber of
the fire-arm after the explosion of the charge, and at the same time to render
the cartridge to a certain extent repellent of moisture.
Our improvements consist, lastly, in preparing cartridges to resist damp
and moisture by dipping or immersing them in a composition of pyroxyline
dissolved in alcohol, either methylated or otherwise, or by dipping or immersing
or otherwise coating the cartridges (except the heads and other metallic
portions) with pure bees wax dissolved and diluted with alcohol. Where the
cases are formed direct from pulp we add to the pulp resinous gum dissolved
in alcohol, the quantity of gum being varied to suit the different descriptions
of pulp employed. In any or all of the above-mentioned modes of preparing
cartridges to resist damp and moisture we add to such composition a certain
amount of plumbago or titanium. Sometimes we waterproof cartridges by
dipping them in or adding to the pulp from which they are made a solution of
common tallow soap decomposed with alum in solution.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Similar letters of reference refer to like parts in all the Figures. t is the
case; is the head; c is the cup or chamber of the head; fis the fulminate;
r is the rim or shoulder; p is the pulp or filling of the head; bis the plug;
a is the anvil; d is the duct or aperture in the cup; m is the milling or
indentation of the head; k is a cup of an independent piece of metal; e is
the percussion cap; 9 is the pin or broche; is the inner metallic cup or
lining; ; is the elongated anvil; and n is the projectile.

page_text: Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of the case. Figure 2 is a longitudinal
section of the metal head with solid cup. Figure 3 is a longitudinal section of
the pulp of the head before compression. Figure 4 is a longitudinal section of
the same after compression. Figure 5 is a longitudinal section of the solid
metal plug. Figure 6 is a similar view of the same with hollow face, and Figure 7
is a longitudinal section of a case formed of pulp, the filling of the head being
of the same mass as the case for the plug arrangement. Figure 8 is a longi-
tudinal section of an ordinary case with plug arrangement head indented.
Figure 9 is an external side view of the ordinary case with milling to head.
Figure 10 is an end view of same. Figure 11 is a longitudinal section of
an ordinary case with percussion cap and wire anvil, the cup being shown
solid to the head. Figure 12 is a longitudinal section of the metal head for
a loose or independent cup. Figure 13 is a longitudinal section of the loose
cup to be attached to both internal and external face of the back plate of the
head. Figure 14 is a longitudinal section showing the head with loose cup,
as in Figure 13, attached to both internal and external face of the back plate.
Figures 15 and 16 show other modes of arranging the independent cup to be
affixed to both faces of the back plate. Figure 17 shows the blank of metal,
the end view, and the longitudinal section of a loose cup arrangement to be
affixed to one side only of the back plate of the head. Figure 18 shows metal
blank, end view and longitudinal section of a loose cup arrangement to be
affixed to both sides of the back plate of the metal head. Figures 19, 20, 21,
22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, and 32, are views of some of our
various forms of anvils. Figure 19 is a side view, a top view, and section
through stem looking towards either end of a solid double-headed anvil with
stem. Figure 20 is a side view and sections through stem looking towards
head and base of a solid anvil with stem. Figure 21 shows side and end
views of a hollow anvil with countersunk top to hollow the fire flash to pass
through it. Figure 22 is a side view and section looking towards the base
of an anvil arranged to allow the fire flash to pass round and through it.
Figure 23 shows in side and end views an anvil of wire; this wire may be of
any section, round, flattened, or otherwise. Figure 24 shows in side and end
views a hollow anvil drawn up from a solid metal blank; the dotted lines
exhibit the blank as struck. Figure 25 is a side view of another kind of
wire anvil and a section of wire for it. Figure 26 is a side view of a wire
anvil and length of wire for the same. Figure 27 is a side view of a wire
anvil and length of special wire for same. Figure 28 is a side view of hollow
anvil, view of metal blank, and end view of anvil drawn up from a solid metal
blank, arranged so that the fire flash may pass through it.
Figure 29 shows

page_text: a mode of drawing up an anvil from a solid metal blank. Figure 30 is a side
and top view of a hollow anvil drawn up from a solid metal blank, shown by
dotted lines, the fire flash passing around and through this anvil. Figure 31
is a side and end view of a solid anvil with head, stem, and legs to bridge the
duct of the cup. Figure 32 is a side top view and longitudinal section of an
anvil, partly solid and partly hollow, with a stem. Figure 33 is a longitudinal
section of a loose or independent cup, as Figure 13, with an anvil solid to
the same, the perforations or ducts being around the anvil. Figure 34 is a
longitudinal section of a head with cup solid to the same; but instead of the
coned end to the cup an anvil with stem, as shown, is fixed at the base of the
cup, having ducts for the fire flash; the cup of the head is shown preparatory
to fixing the anvil, as also the anvil, separately; in this case the cup may or
may not be loose. Figure 35 shows in longitudinal section another mode of
affixing an anvil to the spherical or coned end of the cup of the head; the
loose anvil and stool which sustains it in position are shown separately. By
rivetting the anvil to the end of the cup the whole is united in a firm
and solid manner. Figure 36 shows in longitudinal section a cup with anvil
and stool, as in Figure 35, attached to a flat-ended cup. Figure 37 is
a longitudinal section of a head with stem anvil, as in Figure 35, attached
to the coned end of the cup, or the coned end of the cup may have
the anvil affixed and be afterwards attached to the cup of the head.
Figure 38 is a longitudinal section of the head the cup partly formed by
the pulp, the coned end of the cup being a separate piece of metal, and
maintained in position by the pulp. Figure 39 is a longitudinal section of
the head, the sides of the cup formed by the pulp, the anvil sustained by an
inner metallic lining thimble-shaped, as shown before, being fixed over pulp,
and contracted by the pressure exerted in driving it into position. Figure 40
is a longitudinal section of head in which the pulp forms the cup entirely.
Figure 41 is a longitudinal section of head with the coned end of the cup as
an inner metallic lining over the pulp sustaining a percussion cap to be ex-
ploded without an anvil. Figure 42 is a longitudinal section of head with
anvil forming the cone of the cup, the fire flash passing around and through
this anvil. Figure 43 is another form of anvil to be used as that of Figure 42.
Figure 44 is a section of head with an inner metallic disc or lining forming
the cone to the cup. Figure 45 is a section of head with loose cup arrange-
ment with an anvil, a modification of Figure 30 arrangement; the top view of
the anvil is also shown. Figure 46 is a section of head with solid cup, and
extended cone of paper or metal over the cup. Figure 47 is a section of head
with loose cup and plug and fulminate arrangement.
Figure 48 is a longitudinal

page_text: section of a cartridge with elongated anvil, the percussion cap being affixed to
the base of the projectile. Figure 49 is a longitudinal section of a metallic
cartridge with plug and fulminate arrangement, the case, head, and cup being
in one piece. Figure 50 is a partial longitudinal section of a metallic cartridge
with head and cup solid, but attached to the case, percussion cap, and anvil
arrangement and pulp in head; a ring of wire or metal fills the rim. Figure 51
is a partial longitudinal section of a metallic cartridge, the head and cup being
in one, and with an inner disc lining put in as a thimble to secure the head and
case by filling the rim, or the inner disc may have the cup a part of it, in which
case the head may be solid to the case. Figure 52 is a longitudinal section of a
pin cartridge, with the cup solid to the head, the percussion cap put in from
the rear of the head and arranged for exploding by the pin without an anvil,
and for the withdrawal of the expended cap and introduction of a new one.
Figure 53 is a longitudinal section of another form of pin cartridge arrange-
ment, in which the cup may or may not be solid to the head. Figure 54 is a
longitudinal section of another form of pin cartridge arrangement, in which
the back plate and rim of the head only are of metal, the cup being formed
entirely by the pulp; in both Figures 53 and 54 a percussion cap is inserted
from the rear of the head, the expended cap being readily withdrawn and a
new one introduced. Figure 55 shows in detail two arrangements of percussion
caps for use with the pin cartridges in complete longitudinal sections, dissected
sections, and end views showing arrangements of the outer shell of the cap
for withdrawing the cap after explosion.
And having now described the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, we declare that we do not limit ourselves
to the precise details herein-before described and illustrated in the accom-
panying Drawings, as the same may be varied without departing from the
essential features of our Invention, but at the same time we do not claim the
whole of the parts when taken separately, but only when combined as herein-
before described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings; but we claim
as our improvements in cartridges for breech-loading. fire-arms,-
First. Forming the barrel, tube, or case of paper or wood pulp, or of pulp
of fibrous fabric, or of woven linen, or cotton, or other fibrous .fabric in
combination with metal.
Second. Forming the metal head, substantially as described, with the cup or
chamber solid to or of a piece with the same.
Third. Exploding the fulminate by a metal plug.
Fourth. The milling or indentation of the head.

page_text: it to both the internal and external faces of the back plate of the head, as
shown at Figures 13, 15, 16, and 18, and modifications of the same.
Sixth. The various arrangements of anvils, substantially as herein-before
described, and as delineated in Figures 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28,
29, 30, 31, 32, 34, 35, 42, 43, and 45, or modifications of the same.
Seventh. Forming the cup chamber of the head entirely or partially in and
by the filling or pulp of the head, whether for the plug or percussion cap
arrangement.
Eighth. The various arrangements of anvils solid to a loose cup, as Figure 33,
or secured to and forming the base of a cup solid to the head or otherwise, as
in Figure 34, or affixed to the spherical or coned end of the cup of the head
or to a loose cup, as in Figures 35, 36, and 37, and either with or without
a stool, as shown, to sustain the anvil in position, or as in Figure 39, sustained
by an inner metallic lining, or as in Figures 42 and 43, thereby forming
and in lieu of the coned end of the cup.
Ninth. The various arrangements of inner metallic cup or lining, partially
embedded in the pulp, as in Figure 38, or over the pulp, as in Figures 41 and
44, and sustaining a percussion cap to be exploded without an anvil, or as an
extended cone over the cup, as in Figure 46.
Tenth. The arrangements of an elongated anvil, as shown in Figure 48, with
percussion cap in base of projectile, or the modifications herein-before described.
Eleventh. The application and adaptation of any or all of the described
arrangements or combinations to metallic cartridges, as Figures 49, 50, and 51.
Twelfth. The application and adaptation of the herein-before described
arrangements so far as applicable to pin cartridges, as in Figures 52, 53, 54,
and 55, or modifications of the same, the percussion cap being exploded in
these instances without the use of an anvil, and arranged to be readily
withdrawn from the cup or chamber and a new one introduced.
Thirteenth. The internal and external coning of the case, as herein-before
described.
Fourteenth. The arrangement herein-before described adapted to pulp cases
with the application or adaptation of any or all of these our improvements, as
also the incorporation of coloring compounds and plumbago with the pulp, in
the manner described and for the purposes named.
Fifteenth. Preparing cartridges to resist damp and moisture by the methods
described with pyroxyline dissolved in alcohol, or pure bees wax dissolved
and diluted with alcohol, or by adding resinous gum dissolved in alcohol to
the pulp for the cases with the addition of plumbago or titanium to either of
such compositions.

page_text: Sixteenth. The application of the materials and mode described of water-
proofing cartridges.
In witness whereof, we, the said Joseph Jones and Frederick James
Jones, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Second day of
April, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
sixty-six
JOSEPH JONES.
(L.S.)
FREDERICK JAMES JONES. (L.S.)

page_text: In the Matter of Letters Patent granted to JOSEPH JONES and
FREDERICK JAMES JONES, both of Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick, for an Invention of "IMROVEMENTS IN CARTRIDGES
FOR BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS," bearing date the Fourth day
of October One thousand cight hundred and sixty-five, and
Numbered 2542.
DISCLAIMER AND MEMORANDUM OF ALTERATION proposed to be
entered by THOMAS GREENWOOD, of Leeds, in the County of York,
Machinist, WESTLEY RICHARDS, of Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick, Gunmaker, JOHN BATLEY, of 7, Kensington Park
Gardens, in the County of Middlesex, Machinist, and JOHN
THOMAS BROWNE, of 61, Cleveland Road, Islington North, in
the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, the Assignees of the said
Letters Patent.

page_text: WHEREAS by Letters Patent under, the Great Seal of the United
Kingdom, bearing date the Fourth day of October One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-five, No. 2542, Her present Majesty Queen Victoria,
did give and grant unto the said Joseph Jones and Frederick James
Jones, their executors, administrators, and assigns, and other persons with
whom they should agree, full power, sole privilege, and authority during
the term of fourteen years, to make, use, exercise, and vend, a certain
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARTRIDGES FOR BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS,"
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and the Isle of Man, in such manner as to the said Joseph
Jones and Frederick James Jones, their executors, administrators, and
assigns, or any of them should seem meet; and the full benefit and
advantage of the said Invention during the said term of fourteen years;
which said Letters Patent contained a condition that the said Joseph
Jones and Frederick James Jones, their executors, or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under their hands and seals, should particularly
describe the nature of the said Invention, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent, otherwise
the said Letters Patent should utterly cease and become void:
And whereas the said Joseph Jones and Frederick James Jones, in
pursuance of the said condition, did particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed by an instrument in writing under their hands and seals,
and did cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
according to the said condition:
And whereas the said Letters Patent are now vested in the said
Thomas Greenwood, Westley Richards, John Batley, and John Thomas
Browne:
And whereas since the filing of the Specification of the said Letters
Patent, and since the said Invention and Letters Patent became vested
in us as aforesaid, we have been advised that some portions of the said
Invention claimed in the said Specification were not of such novelty at
the date of the said Letters Patent as to render it desirable to retain
the claims for such portions of the said Invention.
And whereas certain clerical errors occur in the said Specification,
and certain parts of the description of some of the improvements are of

page_text: doubtful meaning, and are not clearly described, we the said Thomas
Greenwood, Westley Richards, John Batley, and John Thomas Browne;
for the reasons aforesaid, do hereby disclaim and strike out from the
said Specification the claims herein-after mentioned, and also certain
parts of the descriptive portion of the Specification; and we also alter
and amend certain expressions in the said Specification so as to
render them more strictly correct, as herein-after more particularly set
forth. And, firstly, in line 8, page 7 of the printed copy of the said
Specification we strike out the word "primarily," and in lines 10 and 11
of the same page we strike out the words "comprising the barrel tube
or case, all as herein-after described," and we make the word "the"
immediately following to commence a new sentence. In line 37 of the
same page we strike out the word "is," and in place thereof we insert
the words "can be."
In line 37, page 8, we strike out the words "to contain" and insert
the word " contains," and in line 39, page 8, after the word "which"
wo insert the words "resisting surface." In lines 3 and 11, page 10, we
strike out the word "spherical" and insert the word ")
both cases.
"hemispherical" in
And we strike out from line 15, page 10, commencing with the words
"sometimes we still further" to line 25 of same page inclusive, and
ending with the words "before described."
And we strike out from line 39, page 10, commencing with the words
our improvements also further consist" to line 30 of pago 11, and
ending with the words "with alum in solution." In line 37, page 11,
we strike out the word "broche" and insert instead thereof the word
"broach," and in line 38 of the same page we strike out the words "j is
the elongated anvil, and m is the projectile."
In line 17, page 12, we strike out the word "arranging," and insert
the word "constructing." In line 19, page 12, we strike out the word
"arrangement." In line 21 of the same page we also strike out
the word "arrangement." And we strike out from and including the
words "Figures 19, 20, 21," at line 22, page 12, to the words "with a
stem," at line 6, page 13.. In line 14, page 13, we strike out the word
"spherical" and in place thereof we insert the word "hemispherical."
In line 22 we strike out from the words "Figure 38" to the words "by
the pulp," at line 24 of the same page. In line 26, page 13, we strike;

page_text: out the word "being" and in place thereof we insert the words " and
which is."
33
Wo
And we strike out at line 31, page 13, from the words ")
"Figure 42"
to line 33 inclusive and ending with the words "Figure 42." In lines
35 and 36 we strike out the word "arrangement," which occurs in
both lines. In line 5, page 14, before the words "percussion cap
insert the word "with." In lines 14 and 16 we strike out the word
"arrangement" which occurs in both lines. In line 20 we strike out
the words "arrangements of," and in place thereof we insert the words
"modes of constructing."
And we strike out the whole of the first claim contained in lines 32,
33, and 34, page 14, and also the whole of the fourth claim at line 38
in the same page, and instead of the word "second" at the commence-
ment of line 35 we insert the word "First," and "instead of the word
"Third" at line 37 we insert the word "Second," and at line 39 we
strike out the words "Fifth. The arrangement of," and we insert the
word "Third." And we strike out the whole of the sixth and seventh
claims as contained in lines 3 to 8, page 15. At the commencement of
line 9 we strike out the word "Eighth," and in place thereof we insert
the word."Fourth," and in the same line we strike out the word
"arrangements," and in place thereof insert the word "constructions."
In line 11 we strike out the word "spherical" and insert in place
thereof the word "hemispherical." And in line 14, page 15, we strike
out from the words "or as" down to the words "of the cup" in the
following line. At the commencement of line 16 we strike out the
word "Ninth," and in place thereof we insert the word "Fifth," and in
the same line we strike out the word "arrangements
"and in place
thereof we insert the word "constructions." And in lines 16 and 17
of the same page we strike out the words "partially embedded in the
pulp, as in Figure 38, or," and we strike out the whole of the tenth
claim contained in lines 20 and 21, page 15. And at line 22 we strike
out the word " Eleventh," and we insert in place thereof the word
"Sixth." At line 24 we strike out the word "Twelfth," and in place
thereof we insert the word "seventh," and in line 25 after the words
"so far as we insert the words "they are." And we strike out the
whole of the thirteenth, fourteenth, fifteenth, and sixteenth claims con-
tained in lines 29, page 15, to line 2, page 16, inclusive. And we strike
"

page_text: out from the Drawing accompanying the said Specification the following
Figures, viz. Figures 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31,
32, 88, 42, 43, and 48; and when the said Specification has been so
amended it will read as follows (that is to say) :-
-
Our improvements relate to the manufacture of those cartridges which
carry or contain their own means of ignition.
*The improvements mainly consist in a combination of parts. The
barrel tube or case may be of paper rolled from sheets to form a tube or
formed direct from a pulp, or wo use metal woven linen, or cotton, or
other fibrous fabric, or pulp of the same, or wood or wood pulp, or a
combination of any or all of these substances. To the tube or case we
attach in the manner hereafter described a metal head having a cup or
chamber formed solid to and in a piece with the head, or otherwise
arranged so as to receive and retain the fulminate for igniting the
powder charge, which fulminato is exploded by a piece or plug of metal
which receives and imparts to the fulminate the blow from the piston
or percussing medium. This head is formed to contain a mass of pulp
of paper or other material in combination with or without the paper,
which pulp is solidified and compressed into and thereby fills the head,
thus forming a resisting surface to the explosive action of the powder
charge, and which surface may be of any convenient form, and where
the entire case is formed of pulp this inner pulp of the head may or may
not be of the same mass as the case.
In these our improvements we form the head of an elastic composite
metal, or of brass, iron, steel, or tin as may be most advantageous. This
head has struck up from it, and in by preference a component part or
a piece therewith, a cup or chamber of any convenient form, which cup
is pierced by one or more apertures at its lower or forward end to admit
the flash from the fulminato to ignite the powder charge. This head
has formed on its outer periphery a hollow shoulder or rim, whereby not
only is the case and pulp more firmly united to the head by the force
exerted to solidify the pulp herein-before described as filling the same,
and by which the outer case is driven into the hollow rim, thereby
attaching and securing the same, but the rim also serves as a means by
which the empty cartridge can be extracted from the fire-arm after
explosion. In order, however, to more fully ensure sufficient cohesion
of the head case and pulp, and to prevent the possibility of a disruption

page_text: under any circumstances whatever the head which we prefer to be
slightly coned from about midway in its outer length towards and up to
the rim is milled or indented at the intersection of the coned and parallel
portions on its external periphery. The fulminate is contained in the
cup or chamber of the head, and ignition is effected by the percussive
blow of the piston or percussing medium of the fire-arm, whether such
piston or percussing medium be exerted in a line parallel or oblique to
the axis of the cartridge, striking the exposed surface of the piece or plug
of metal which is placed within and fills the entire diameter of the cup
or chamber, and is of sufficient length to be maintained parallel in the
cup while it receives and imparts to the fulminate the blow from the
piston or percussing medium by which the fulminate is exploded. The
cup or chamber of the head may be of any convenient form, and may
or may not be as herein-before described a component part of the head,
as we sometimes prefer to form the cup of an independent piece of metal
and to attach the same to the head upon either its external or internal
face or both, the head being arranged to receive it. Any kind of ful-
minate at present in use is adapted to these improvements, but wo
prefer a fulminate composed of chlorate of potash and red or amorphous
phosphorus in equal proportions, or nitrate of potash and red or
amorphous phosphorus in the same proportions thoroughly mixed
together while in a moist state and incorporated with glue, size, or other
material or adhesive compound in small quantity and which we some-
times waterproof. We vary the above-mentioned proportions, adding
sometimes more of either component as the fulminate may require to
best answer the purpose required, and we sometimes add gunpowder in
small quantities, or we steep gun cotton in a solution of the above-named
fulminate. This fulminate we use in preference to others because it is
capable of being used for charging the cartridges in a moist state when.
it is perfectly safe from all danger of explosion, and may be handled by
the operator with the greatest impunity, and when dry it produces a
strong fire flash without the powerfully explosive qualities of the
ordinary detonating fulminating powder.
.
Our improvements further consist in the construction of cartridges
carrying their own means of ignition by a combination of tube or case
and metal head with cup or chamber solid to the same, as herein-before
described, arranged to receive and retain a percussion cap, as also a
metal or other anvil or piece for sustaining the blow of the percussing

page_text: medium by which the fulminate contained in the percussion cap is
exploded. The head formed as before described contains the pulp which
is compressed into and fills the head, and forms a resisting surface to
the explosive action of the powder charge, and which resisting surface,
as previously described, may be of any convenient form.
These improvements are equally applicable to all existing central-
fire" cartridges where the percussion cap is exposed to the direct blow
of a needle or piston, as also where the percussion cap is exploded by a
pin or broach, the metal head with its cup and other parts being. varied
to suit the altered requirements.
In applying our improvements to "central-fire cartridges with the
percussion cap exposed to the direct blow of the piston or percussing
medium of the fire-arm we form the head of an elastic composite
metal, or other metal as herein-before described, having struck up from
and being a component part of the lead a cup or chamber of a con-
figuration to suit the form of anvil which may be employed therewith.
This cup is pierced with one or more apertures at its base to admit the
flash from the cap to ignite the powder charge. The head has a shoulder
or rim, as previously described, by which the outer case is attached and
secured by the solidification of the pulp, and the head is coned and milled
or indented as for the cartridge without a percussion cap. The per-
cussion cap is sustained by the cup of the head, and ignition is effected
by the percussive blow of the piston or percussing medium of the
fire-arm, whether such piston or percussing medium be exerted in a
lino parallel with or oblique to the axis of the cartridge striking the
exposed surface of the cap. The cap has placed within it an anvil for
the purpose of withstanding the percussive blow and exploding its
fulminate. This anvil may be either solid or hollow, or of wire of such
form as shall receive the full impact of the percussing medium at what-
ever angle it may be exerted, and thereby render the explosion of the
fulminate unfailing under any circumstances. The configuration of
the anvil may be varied as may be necessary to attain this object, and
may in some instances have both the head (towards the fulminate) and
the base (towards the perforated end of the cup) to correspond, so that
by this means no error could arise in placing the anvil in the cup and
cap, but in no case should the form or configuration be continuous from
head to base, or be parallel to the sides of the cup, but formed with a

page_text: stalk or stem, or sinking or indentation in the body or intermediate
portion between the head and base, so as to ensure the flash from
the fulminate passing over, around, or through the head and base of
the anvil to the perforations in the cup, and thus be communicated to
the powder charge.
We sometimes prefer to vary the herein-before described arrangements
of cup and anvil by omitting a portion of or the entire metal cup of tho
head, and instead thereof the chamber for receiving the percussion cap
is entirely or partially formed in and by the pulp already described as
compressed into the head, and the blow upon the anvil is sustained
either by an inner metallic cup or lining on the face of and over or
partially embedded in the pulp, of which inner cup or lining the anvil
may or may not form a component part, this inner cup having a raised
coned or hemispherical or other formed perforated end to conduct the cap
flash to the powder charge in lieu of and to correspond with or answer
the purpose of the omitted cup of the head; or we so form the cup or
chamber as to sustain the percussion cap, which by this arrangement
may be exploded without the use of an anvil, and in this case the per-
forated end of the cup or chamber may or may not be formed in the
substance of the pulp of the head.
Sometimes we further vary the herein-before described arrangements
by forming the anvil with and a part of the concd or hemispherical
perforated end of the cup, which perforated end is then formed separately
from the cup of the head, but is securely attached to the cup, the cup
being then varied as required.
.
The before-mentioned arrangements of cup and anvil, or cup, anvil,
and inner lining or fulminate placed in the cup and ignited with a plug
we vary as required for "metallic cartridges" the heads of which may
ör may not form part of the cartridge itself or in which the case head
and cup are formed of one piece of metal.
The foregoing arrangements are applicable to "central-fire" cartridges
where the percussion cap is exploded by a pin or broach, but in this
case the rim or shoulder may be formed by the junction of the head
containing the cup and its adjuncts, and the metal ring surrounding the
case to the extent of the thickness of the pulp behind or through which
the pin for percussing the cap and exploding its fulminate passes, the

page_text: several parts being varied as may be necessary to suit requirements, or
the head may be formed as previously described, and the pulp drilled or
otherwise cut to admit the pin.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Similar letters of reference refer to like parts in all the Figures. tis
the case; h is the head; c is the cup or chamber of the head; f is the
fulminate; r is the rim or shoulder; p is the pulp or filling of the head;
b is the plug; a is the anvil; d is the duct or aperture in the cup;
m is the milling or indentation of the head; % is a cup of an independent
piece of metal; e is the percussion cap; g is the pin or broach; is the
inner metallic cup or lining.
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of the case. Figure 2 is a longi-
tudinal section of the metal bead with solid cup. Figuro 3 is a
longitudinal section of the pulp of the head before compression.
Figure 4 is a longitudinal section of the same after compression.
Figure 5 is a longitudinal section of the solid metal plug. Figure 6
is a similar view of the same with hollow face, and Figure 7 is a longi-
tudinal section of a case formed of pulp, the filling of the head being
of the same mass as the case for the plug arrangement. Figure 8 is a
longitudinal section of an ordinary case with plug arrangement head
indented. Figure 9 is an external side view of the ordinary case with
milling to head. Figure 10 is an end view of same. Figure 11 is a longi-
tudinal section of an ordinary case with percussion cap and wire anvil,
the cup being shown solid to the head. Figure 12 is a longitudinal section.
of the metal head for a loose or independent cup. Figure 13 is a longi-
tudinal section of the loose cup to be attached to both internal and
external face of the back plate of the head. Figure 14 is a longitudinal
section showing the head with loose cup as in Figure 18 attached to
both internal and external face of the back plate. Figures 15 and 16
show other modes of constructing the independent cup to be affixed to
both faces of the back plate. Figure 17 shows the blank of metal, the
end view and the longitudinal section of a loose cup to be affixed to one
side only of the back plate of the head. Figure 18 shows metal blank, end
view and longitudinal section, of a loose cup to be affixed to both sides of
the back plate of the metal head. Figure 33 is a longitudinal section of
a loose or independent cup, as Figure 13, with an anvil solid to the same,.

page_text: the perforations or ducts being around the anvil. Figure 34 is a longi-
tudinal section of a head with cup solid to the same, but instead of the
coned end to the cup an anvil with stem, as shewn, is fixed at the base
of the cup having ducts for the fire flash; the cup of the head is shewn
preparatory to fixing the anvil, as also the anvil separately, in this case
the cup may or may not be loose. Figure 35 shews in longitudinal
section another mode of affixing an anvil to the hemispherical or coned
end of the cup of the head, the loose anvil and stool which sustains it
in position are shown separately. By rivetting the anvil to the end
of the cup the whole is united in a firm and solid manner. Figure 36
shews in longitudinal section a cup with anvil and stool, as in Fig. 35,
attached to a flat ended cup. Figure 37 is a longitudinal section of a
head with stem anvil, as in Figure 35, attached to the coned end of the
cup, or the coned end of the cup may have the anvil affixed and be
afterwards attached to the cup of the head. Figure 39 is a longitudinal
section of the head, the sides of the cup formed by the pulp, the
anvil sustained by an inner metallic lining, thimble shaped, as shown
before, and which is fixed over pulp and contracted by the pressure
exerted in driving it into position. Figure 40 is a longitudinal section
of head in which the pulp forms the cup entirely. Figure 41 is a longi-
tudinal section of head with the coned end of the cup as an inner
metallic lining over the pulp, sustaining a percussion cap to be exploded
without an anvil. Figure 44 is a section of head with an inner metallic
disc or lining forming the cone to the cup. Figure 45 is a section of
head with loose cup with an anvil, a modification of Figure 30, the top
view of the anvil is also shewn. Figure 46 is a section of head with
solid cup
and extended cone of paper or metal over the cup. Figure 47
is a section of head with loose cup and plug and fulminate arrange-
ment. Figure 48 is a longitudinal section of a cartridge with elongated
anvil, the percussion cap being affixed to the base of the projectile.
Figure 49 is a longitudinal section of a metallic cartridge with plug
and fulminate arrangement, the case, head, and cup being in one piece.
Figure 50 is a partial longitudinal section of a metallic cartridge with
head and cup solid, but attached to the case with percussion cap and
anvil arrangement, and pulp. in head, a ring of wire or metal fills the
rim. Figure 51 is a partial longitudinal section of a metallic cartridge,
the head and cup being in one, and with an inner disc lining put
in as a thimble to secure the head and case by filling the rim, or the

page_text: inner disc may have the cup a part of it, in which case the head
may be solid to the case. Figure 52 is a longitudinal section of a pin
cartridge with the cup solid to the head, the percussion cap put in from
the rear of the head, and arranged for exploding by the pin without
an anvil and for the withdrawal of the expended cap and introduction
of a new one. Figure 53 is a longitudinal section of another form of
pin cartridge in which the cup may or may not be solid to the head.
Figure 54 is a longitudinal section of another form of pin cartridge, in
which the back plate and rim of the head only are of metal, tho cup
being formed entirely by the pulp. In both Figures 53 and 54 a per-
cussion cap is inserted from the rear of the head, the expended cap
being readily withdrawn and a new one introduced. Figure 55 shews
in detail two modes of constructing percussion caps for use with the
pin cartridges in complete longitudinal sections, dissected sections, and
end views, showing arrangements of the outer shell of the cap for
withdrawing the cap after explosion.
And having now described the nature of our said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that we do not
limit ourselves to the precise details herein-before described and illustrated
in the accompanying Drawings, as the same may be varied without
departing from the essential features of our Invention, but at the same
time we do not claim the whole of the parts when taken separately but
only when combined as herein-before described and illustrated in the
accompanying Drawings, but we claim as our improvements in cartridges
for breech-loading fire-arms,-
First. Forming the metal head substantially as described with the
cup or chamber solid to or of a piece with the same.
Second. Exploding the fulminate by a metal plug.
Third. Securing a loose cup to a metal head by attaching it to both
the internal and external faces of the back plate of the head as shewn
at Figures 18, 15, 16, and 18, and modifications of the same.
Fourth. The various constructions of anvils solid to a loose cup as
Figure 33, or secured to and forming the base of a cup solid to the
head or otherwise as in Figure 34, or affixed to the hemispherical or
coned end of the cup of the head, or to a loose cup, as in Figures 35, 36,
and 37, and either with or without a stool as shown to sustain the anvil
in position, or as in Figure 39 sustained by an inner metallic lining.

page_text: Fifth. The various constructions of inner metallic cup or lining over
the pulp as in Figures 41 and 44, and sustaining a percussion cap to
be exploded without an anvil or as an extended cone over the cup as in
Figure 46.
Sixth. The application and adaptation of any or all of the described 5
arrangements or combinations to metallic cartridges as Figures 49, 50,
and 51.
Seventh. The application and adaptation of the herein-before described
arrangements so far as they are applicable to pin cartridges as in
Figures 52, 53, 54, and 55, or modifications of the same, the percussion 1
cap being exploded in these instances without the use of an anvil and
arranged to be readily withdrawn from the cup or chamber and a new
one introduced.
In witness whereof, we, the said Thomas Greenwood, Westley
Richards, John Batley, and John Thomas Browne, have hereunto 1
set our hands and seals, the Ninth day of September, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
one.

page_text: To the Commissioners of Patents for Inventions.
I hereby grant my fiat giving leave to the above-named Petitioners
to file in the Great Seal Patent Office, with the Specification to which
the same relates, the above-written Disclaimer and Memorandum of
5 Alteration.