Improvements in and connected with Means for Attaching the Ends of Cans, Barrels, Boilers, Pails, or other Receptacles to their Bodies.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 21st Mar., 1899-Accepted, 6th May, 1899
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with Means for Attaching the Ends
of Cans, Barrels, Boilers, Pails, or other Receptacles to their Bodies.
I, HENRY SHAW REYNOLDS, of 687, Leonard Street, in the Borough of
Brooklyn, City of New York, County of Kings, and State of New York, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
This invention relates to the manufacture or construction of receptacles or
reservoirs such as metallic receptacles or packages-such, for instance, as cans,
barrels, boilers, &c.; and the object of the invention is to provide an improved
receptacle of this character the head or heads of which may be formed separately
froni the drum or body and united therewith in such manner and with such
rigidity that it forms with such drum, for all practical purposes, an integral
structure.
A further object of the invention is to provide improved means for securing
the head to the drum or body of the receptacle, which means not only constitutes
a locking means for this purpose, but also, owing to its construction, a reinforcing
means for the receptacle.
In the drawings accompanying and forming part of this specification, Figure 1
is a view of a receptacle constructed in accordance with the present invention,
said view having parts thereof broken away and in section for the better illustra-
tion of one mode of securing the heads to the drum. Fig. 2 is a sectional view,
detached, of the reinforcing and locking or clamping member. Fig. 3 illustrates
one end of a receptacle drum or body before the head is secured thereto. Fig. d
illustrates, in section, one mode of assembling the drum, its head, and the
clamping means for securing the head and drum together. Fig. 5 illustrates, in
section, another mode of assembling the head, the drum, and the clamping
means, the head being first secured to the clamping means. Fig. 6 illustrates,
in section, the head and drum secured in position relatively to the clamping
member and the latter in readiness to clamp such parts rigidly together, said
view also showing in dotted lines, a somewhat different curvature of head;
and Fig. 7 illustrates another mode of assembling the head and drum together
by means of the clamping member, said view illustrating, in dotted lines, a
different form of head.
Similar characters designate like parts in all the figures of the drawings.
As a preface to a further description of this improvement I desire to state that
the same is applicable to all kinds of receptacles or reservoirs and metallic
packages in which the drum or body is provided with one or more heads-such,
for instance, as preserving-cans, barrels, pails, range-boilers, and many other
articles too numerous to mention.
The improvement in practice usually comprehends a drum or body. (designated
in a general way by A.) a head (designated in a general way by B) adapted for
attachment to said body, and means (designated in a general way by C) for
securing the said head and drum in juxtaposition.

page_text: The drum or body A, when a metallic receptacle is provided, may comprise a
sheet-metal or analogous drum, which may be a seamless structure formed, if
desired, from a tube, or may be constructed with a suitable joint or seam
secured by rivets or otherwise, as may be found most suitable and convenient.
The head B may comprise any suitably-shaped member-as, for instance, flat,
concavo-convex, or provided with one or more curved faces, said head having a
flange or rim adapted for attachment to the drum or body. The head may have
one or more openings therein, as found desirable.
The means C for securing the head to the drum, and which I have herein
designated as a clamping or locking member, may be constructed of some suit-
able material in any desired manner adapted for the purpose, and may be turned
or rolled or otherwise formed, as found most convenient and suitable.
In the form of clamping member shown herein, and which may be considered
as the preferred form thereof, if desired, it is shown comprising an annular
ring 2, provided with locking or clamping means 3, which may comprise two
parts, one a locking-flange 4, and the other a projection or shoulder 6, forming a
receiving-recess 5. In the construction shown the flange 4 is shown located at
one side or above the recess, (considering the upper end of the receptacle when
in the position shown in the drawings,) while such recess is formed at its underside
with an annular, usually rounded projection or shoulder 6, for the purpose here-
inafter set forth. The clamping-ring is provided at one side or below said recess
(considering the upper end of the receptacle when in the position shown in the
drawings,) with an annular depending member or flange 7, adapted to receive
the thrust of the head when under pressure and which also constitutes a means
for maintaining the head-flange in firm engagement with the drum-wall. The
ring in the present structure is so constructed that the rear wall 8 of the recess 5
constitutes a pressure-resisting member, and for this purpose the ring is shown
formed with its inner face substantially ogee in cross-section, whereby the
formation of the recess 5 with a high-pressure resisting-wall is permitted.
Furthermore, owing to this structure of clamping member a protecting edge
or bead 9 is provided for the edge of the drum and head flanges, so that when
the receptacle is dropped or thrown down endwise the clamping member receives
the blow and, owing to its durable formation, prevents injury to the receptacle.
In assembling the parts the head, having an outwardly-turned annular
flange 10 that is, a flange extending toward the exterior of the receptacle-
may be first inserted into the drum, (Fig. 4,) after which the clamping member
may be inserted in position and the edge portions a, b, respectively of the head
flanges and drum, pressed into position previous to the bending or locking of
the flange into position or simultaneously therewith, if desired.
In practice, however, it is preferable to first assemble the head and the clamp-
ing member when these parts are formed separate from each other, which, however,
may not always be the case, and which may be done by forcing or pressing, in
some suitable way, by hand or machine, the edge a of the head-flange around the
shoulder or projection into the recessed portion of the clamping member, (Fig. 5,)
whereby the parts so assembled constitute an improved head in readiness to be
inserted into the receptacle body or drum; and, owing to the construction
described, it will be understood that heads of various sizes and adapted for
various purposes could be manufactured and sold as separate articles of manu-
facture, if desired, to the maker's of the drums or body and to be by them placed
in position. The drum and the head so formed are then assembled, as shown, for
instance, in Fig. 5, whereupon the edge b' of the drum is forced or pressed, in a
manner similar to that set forth in connection with the edge a of the head-
flange, around the shoulder or projection and into the recessed portion of the
clamping member and into engagement with the turned-in edge a of the drum-
flange, (Fig. 6,) whereupon the locking-flange 4 is bent or forced into position
and rigidly clamps or locks the drum and head around such projection or
shoulder and into firm engagement and into position in the recessed portion of

page_text: the clamping member. The compressing of the drum edge b may, if found
desirable, be simultaneous with the bending into position of the locking-flange 4.
Owing to the construction of the clamping-ring the pressure or force exerted
during the compression steps above set forth is received and resisted by the
pressure-resisting wall 8, so that it has been found in actual practice that the
pressure exerted may be sufficient to cause the edges a and b, together with
the locking-flange 4 and recessed wall, to become substantially an integral
structure, thereby materially increasing the strength and rigidity of the structure.
In the construction shown it will be seen that the locking-flange 4 when in
position, so overlaps the edges a and b that it assists in drawing the material
forming the drum and head-flanges around and over the shoulder 6, and may so
project in the recess formed by the edges a and b as to have its outer face flush
with the outer side of the drum or body, thereby not only giving a neat appearance
to the article but making the separation of the head from the drum practically
impossible.
The head, as above set forth, may be of concavo-convex formation, with the
concave surface thereof extending toward the exterior, as shown in dotted lines
in Fig. 6. When, however, the parts are so assembled that the convex face of
the head extends toward the exterior, the flange of the head is so formed that its
point of flexure with the head proper may coincide with and extend around the
lower end of the depending flange 7, which is usually made of rounded formation
for this purpose, whereupon when the head is under pressure the outward
thrust thereof will be received by the edge of said flange 7 and so prevent the
head-flange from being drawn out of position intermediate the locking members.
When the head is formed with its concaved face projecting toward the exterior,
the head may also have its point of flexure coincide with the lower end of the
flange 2 and be in engagement therewith.
In some forms of receptacles it may be desired to reinforce the outer side
thereof to a greater extent than the inner side, especially in those receptacles
where it is desirable to have a hoop or band at the outer side, in which case the
locking-flange 4 of the clamping member may be disposed at the interior of the
receptacle, while the depending flange 7 may extend on the exterior thereof,
substantially in the manner shown in Fig. 7, thereby forming a hoop or band for
the receptacle, which, when the same is provided with a head at each end, is
thus furnished with a pair of hoops.
The advantages, however, of having the head at its point of flexure in engage-
ment with the flange 7 of the clamping member must in this case be dispensed
with, except when the head is provided with a relatively shallow flange 10, (see
dotted lines, Fig. 7) in which case the same advantages set forth in connection
with the depending flange 7, projecting into the interior of the receptacle are
present.
The head is shown in dotted lines in Fig. 7 as flat, but it may be concavo-
convex, if desired. In the construction just described the advantages of a hoop
or band at the outer side while the locking-flange 3 receives the thrust of
the head when under pressure are both obtained.
By this construction it will be seen that the members constituting the
receptacle are rigidly locked together, and that the wall 8, opposing the groove 5
into which the edges a and b of the head-flange and drum are embedded or
clamped, constitutes a resistance-wall against which the pressure is applied during
the operation of bending or turning the locking-flange of the clamping-ring into
position; and that the locking-flange 4 is forced into a recess formed by the press-
ing of the drum edge and flange edge around the shoulder or projection 6,
so that the outer side of the locking-flange is substantially flush with the outer
or inner side of the drum, as the case may be, thereby forming a very firm and
rigid structure, the edges a and b of the drum and head being securely locked
together and in a manner so as to permit the head to resist great pressure.
In this improvement the clamping-ring, which, owing to its construction, com-

page_text: prises a pair of annular members or rings one of less diameter than the other,
(shown herein in one form thereof as an integral structure,) not only operates as
a binder for holding the head and drum together, but it furnishes a bead or
flange for protecting the edges of the parts which directly sustain the pressure
or take the strain. Furthermore the band furnishes a trussed member for
maintaining the stability of the completed article. In addition to this the
locking-flange 4 of the clamping member may also constitute a calking-flange,
whereby at any time the seam may be made tight should the drum be formed
with a seam, since if the device should spring a leak at this point it is only
necessary to apply a calking-tool to the edge of the flange and thereby neatly
close up the leak.
From the foregoing it will be seen that by means of this construction an
improved receptacle is provided in which, owing to the mode of assemblage and
the locking action of the various parts, the head is, for all practical purposes,
integral with the body.
It will also be seen that by means of this improvement it is unnecessary to
form in the first instance the head as one member with the body, whereby each
part can be more quickly and readily constructed; and it is also unnecessary to
solder or braze or rivet the head into position, the brazing material being subject
to contraction and expansion independently of the metal forming a part of the
structure, and the rivets tending to weaken the article owing to the displace-
ment of a considerable portion of the metal to give place to such rivets.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
1. A receptacle comprising a head, a body, and a clamping member, said
member having an annular projection or shoulder around which one part of
said body and head are bent, and also having a locking-flange overlapping said
bent portions and clamping said parts around said projection.
2. A receptacle comprising a body, a head, and a clamping-ring having an
annular projection extending from its side wall, a locking-flange, and a thrust-
receiving member adapted to receive the thrust of said head when under
pressure, said head and body having its edges clamped around' said projection
and overlapped and locked in position by said locking-flange.
3. A receptacle comprising a body and one or more heads, and means for
securing each of said heads to said body, and each comprising a clamping-ring
having a pair of members projecting in the same direction and intermediate
which the edges of said body and head extend, one of the members of said ring
having a laterally-extending projection around which the edges of said head and
body are locked by the other of said members, and one of said members also
having a recess into which bent portions of said head and body project.
4. A receptacle comprising a body having one or more heads each having
means for securing it to said body and comprising a pair of members inter-
mediate which the edge of the body extends, one of said members having a
laterally-extending annular projection and a recess formed in its side wall adjacent
thereto, and around which projection and into which recess the edges of said body
is bent, and the other of said members coacting with said member to clamp the
edge of the body bent around said projection and into said recess.
5. A receptacle comprising a body, a head, and a clamping-ring, said ring
having an annular projection or shoulder extending from one of its side walls,
and a bendable locking-flange, said parts being assembled by compressing the
edge of the head and the edge of the body either separately or simultaneously
around said shoulder and maintaining the same in such position by bending
said locking-flange over the bent edges of said head and body either simul-
taneously with or after the compressing of said edges.
6. The method of constructing a receptacle comprising a clamping member

page_text: provided with an annular projection or shoulder, a bendable flange and a thrust-
receiving part; a head; and a body, and which consists in assembling said parts
by pressing the edge of the head and the edge of the body either separately or
simultaneously around said shoulder and maintaining the same in such position
by bending, either simultaneously with or after the bending of said edge, said
flange over the bent portions of said head and body, the parts being so assembled
that the thrust of said head is received by said clamping member whereby the
strain thereon at its thrust-receiving part is so transmitted to the clamping part
of said member as to more firmly maintain said bendable flange in engagement
with the bent portions of the head and body and thereby said head and body in
firmer engagement with said clamping member.
Dated this 21st day of March 1899.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.