matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHIRT COLLARS
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Horatio White, of Hampstead Road, in the County
of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN SHIRT COLLARS."
Sealed the 25th September 1862; and dated the 30th July 1862.
COMPLETE SPÉCIFICATION filed by tho said Horatio White at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and Declaration,
on the 30th July 1862, pursuant to the 9th Section of the Patent Law
Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HORATIO
WHITE, of Hampstead Road, in the County of Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS I am in the possession of an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
SHIRT COLLARS," and have petitioned Her Majesty to grant unto me, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, Her Royal Letters Patent for the
same, and have made solemn declaration that I am the true and first Inventor
thereof.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Horatio White, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and the manner of carrying the same into
practical effect, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates chiefly to men's shirt collars, and consists in attaching
the band to the collar in such a manner that the collar can be arranged for
one or more styles or fashions.
That the Invention may be fully understood I will proceed to describe the

page_text: accompanying Sheet of Drawings, in which Fig. 1 represents one kind of
collar which can be changed into two fashions or styles.
Fig. 2 represents another modification capable of being changed into four
fashions or styles.
Figs. 8 & 4 represent the collar, shewn in Fig. 2, arranged in two different
ways. In each of the above Figs. the same letters of reference indicate like
parts.
The band is attached to the middle of the collar instead of to the bottom or
top as in ordinary collars; this will be seen on referring to Figs. 1, 2, & 8.
the dotted lines representing the junction of band and collar; the mode of
changing the one shewn in Fig. 1 is by depressing the part H, M, K, to the
opposite side of the band, and at the same time raising the part H, L, K,
which would be then in the reverso position to that shewn in the Drawing.
The same description will apply to Fig. 2, the reverse position being shewn
by Fig. 8.
Fig. 4 is another modification of the collar shewn in Fig. 3, which is
accomplished by simply bending the half D, F, E, C, against the other side
of the band G.
What I claim is attaching the band to the middle of the collar for the
purposes and in the manner as herein-before described and shewn.
In witness whereof, I, the said Horatio White, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Thirtieth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
(L.B.) HORATIO WHITE.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Florimond Datichy at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th September
1862.
I, FLORIMOND DATICHY, of Mortimer Street, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN STEAM ENGINES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of an apparatus which I connect to steam engines
and to the boiler or boilers of such engines, for the purpose of assisting in
creating a vacuum behind the piston, of utilizing the escape or waste steam,
and of condensing it and returning it to the boiler. I connect to the boiler a
cylinder for receiving steam direct from the boiler; this cylinder is in the
form of an inverted cone at bottom, and has fitted in it a piston termi-
nating in a conical foot, which corresponds with and enters the conical bottom
of the cylinder. At top the piston has a regulating screw, whereby it may be
raised more or less up in the cone, and so allow of the issue of steam from the
cylinder being regulated. This cylinder is fitted in a larger cylinder, into
which the escape steam is free to enter; the outlet from this outer cylinder is
narrowed and leads into a condensing chamber, in which also the conical
bottom of the first-mentioned cylinder is made to enter. The condensing
chamber is fitted with four or more valves for the admission of air. Opposite
the conical bottom of the steam cylinder and in the condensing chamber there
is a conical vessel with a bell mouth, in which a corresponding conical plug is
fixed. Like the piston, the position of the plug can be regulated to allow of

page_text: the outlet being increased or diminished; the conical vessel leads into a
conduit for conveying the water to be fed into the boiler. The action is as
follows: Steam from the boiler being admitted into the conical bottom
cylinder, and escape steam into the cylinder surrounding it, the steam issuing
from the conical bottom of the cylinder creates a blast, which draws in the
escape steam from the steam engine into the condensing chamber, and at the
same time air through the valves in the chamber, the steam in the chamber
becomes condensed, and passes off through the conical vessel and conduits to
be fed into the boiler.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR COMBING WOOL AND OTHER FIBRES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isaac Battinson and George
Battinson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 4th June 1862.
We, ISAAC BATTINSON and GEORGE BATTINSON, of Halifax, in the County
of. York, Machine Wool Combers, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR COMBING WOOL AND
OTHER FIBRES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates chiefly to machinery for which Letters Patent were
granted to Henry Rawson, dated 20th April 1859, No. 996, and 28th April
1860, No. 1083, in which the combs and lifting blades or apparatus for feed-
ing or delivering wool or fibre to a circular comb are curved or formed in
segments of circles. Now in practice it is found that the curved lifting
blades are constantly getting out of proper working order, and impeding or
retarding the otherwise efficient working of the machine. To remedy which,
we make the said combs and lifters straight, except the front ones or those
next to the circular comb, filling up the angles or spaces betwixt the straight
and curved ones at each end by short rows of combs or teeth and lifters. By
this means we can produce better work and in greater quantity than heretofore.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SURFACE CONDENSERS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Archibald Samuels Campbell at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th April 1862.
I, ARCHIBALD SAMUELS CAMPBELL, of Hampstead, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SURFACE CONDENSERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the condensing of the waste steam from steam
engines; this effect is produced with the expenditure of a comparatively small
quantity of water by means of the cold produced by rapid evaporation. The
apparatus by which the Invention may be carried out in an economical and
effective manner, consists in the employment of a number of condensing tubes
fitted at each end into a plate forming one side of a chamber, into one of which
chambers opens the exhaust or steam pipe, whilst from the other or opposite
chamber leads the condensed water pipe. The whole is made to rotate over
a reservoir of cold water, so that the tubes will be successively immersed, and
the cold produced by the evaporation of the water outside the tubes as they
rotate effects the desired condensation of the steam.
By the adoption of a current of air produced by means of fans or other
convenient apparatus, the process of evaporation may be greatly accelerated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING OR ELEVATING STRAW AND CROPS ON TO STACKS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Lock at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th March
1862.
I, JAMES LOCK, of Nassington, in the County of Northampton, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
RAISING OR ELEVATING STRAW AND CROPS ON TO STACKS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for raising or
elevating straw and crops on to stacks. For this purpose I employ a frame-
work or carriage, by preference mounted on wheels, and fitted with shafts, so
that it may readily be moved from place to place by a horse. This carriage
has a long and narrow rectangular frame mounted on it, the frame being con-
nected at one end with an axis having its bearings on the carriage, so that
by turning the frame about its axis its further end may be raised to any
desired height from the ground, and there is suitable apparatus to retain it in
any desired position. This frame carries the bearings of a series of rollers or
drums placed parallel the one to the other, and at a short distance apart.
The rollers or drums are furnished with projections or teeth, and are all
caused to revolve by means of arms and rods, or other instruments connecting
them with an axis, which is driven by a steam engine, or in other convenient
manner. When the apparatus is at work the outer end of the roller or drum
frame is raised to the required extent according to the height of the stack

page_text: and the straw or crop being presented to the lowest roller or drum of the
series, is taken by the projections or teeth thereon:and carried forward to the
next roller or drum, which then takes it, and in this manner the straw or crop
is carried forward and elevated until.it is delivered on to the stack.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HATS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Johnston at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th June
1862.
I, JAMES JOHNSTON, of Paisley, in the County of Renfrew, North Britain,
Hat Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN HATS," to be as follows, that is to say :--
This Invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of cloth hats
or those in which the bodies are covered with a woven fabric in place of being
formed of felt. According to the present mode of making these covered hats,
the body, or internal portion of the hat, is not made waterproof, so that when
exposed to rain it loses its shape and the bat is rendered useless, or nearly
so. Hats manufactured according to these improvements, on the contrary,
may be subjected to any amount of raiu, or even be immersed in water
without injury to their original shape. Under one modification or system of
manufacture, the calico or other similar material of which the body of the hat
is formed, is prepared with shellac in the ordinary manner. A piece of cloth
of a size suitable to form the under surface of the hat is laid down, and upon
this is laid a corresponding piece or sheet of the prepared calico, buckram, or
other suitable material for forming the body. On the prepared upper side of
the buckram is laid a piece of oiled cloth, paper, silk, or other suitable water-
proof material. The whole of the fabrics are then lifted and laid upon a
block, on which a secondary block or mould in caused to descend, and this

page_text: block being heated the several fabrics are caused to adhere by means of the
intervening coatings of shellac. The hat so far completed is now removed
sp
from the block and the surface of the oilskin or other waterproof material is
coated with shellac in the ordinary manner. The piece of cloth which forms
the outer covering of the hat is now laid on, and this covering is caused to
adhere to the body by submitting it to the blocking operation. The edges are
then trimmed, bound, and the hat lined, which completes the manufacture.
Hats manufactured in this way are suitable for travelling and other general
purposes as well as for ladies' wear; being thoroughly waterproof they are
more useful and durable than those of the ordinary kind as well as being
cheaper.
A METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR INDICATING AND RECORDING THE COURSE OF SHIPS AND VESSELS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th November 1862.-A communication from abroad by Joseph
Corradi, of Marseilles, France.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"A METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR INDICATING AND RECORDING THE COURSE OF
SHIPS AND VESSELS," (communicated to me from abroad by Joseph Corradi,
of Marseilles, France,) to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in recording upon, paper the actual course run by a
ship by the combined agency of photograpy with natural or artificial light, the
compass, and clockwork. The apparatus is called by the Inventor a "Loxo-
drograph." In the binnacle, under the compass, clockwork is fitted for the
purpose of unwinding paper sensitized in any manner followed in sensitizing
paper for the photographic process from a roll, and of winding it on another
roll. The rolls are placed on opposite sides of the binnacle, and the paper is
drawn horizontally across and under the compass. A small object is placed
upon the disc of the compass, say, at the north pole, throwing down or pro-
jecting a very intense luminous point upon the sensitized paper. The effect
produced is this, that if the ship proceeds, for example, in a straight line from
north to south, the luminous point will also trace on the paper a straight line
from north to south, and so on for all changes in the ship's course. Should a

page_text: ship be compelled to turn round, the luminous point will trace an elliptical
figure. The action is infallible, as the paper turns with the ship, while the
object remains stationary under the influence of the north pole. The speed at
which the paper is made to travel being known, it becomes easy to ascertain
exactly how long a ship has run on such and such a tack.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SMOOTHING IRONS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Adam Hogg at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th October
1862.
I, ADAM HOGG, of the Firm of M'Intyre, Hogg, and Company, of London-
derry, Glasgow, London, and Manchester, Shirt Manufacturers, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN SMOOTHING
IRONS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to the class of smoothing irons for laundry purposes
which are heated internally.
In one modification the body of the iron is in the form of a hollow box
of a square shape in cross section and pointed at one or both ends. The
box is formed with two ironing faces, and the other two sides are perforated
or open. Through the centre of the box there is passed a pipe, which is
pieced with minute holes for gas jets, and gas being admitted to this central
jet pipe by means of a flexible or jointed tube the jets are ignited, and heat
the side of the box which for the time being is uppermost. Openings may be
provided to admit air to mix with the gas before ignition, as in what is known
as the "Bunsen" burner. When the top side is sufficiently heated for use
it is turned down, and the side which was downwards before is in its turn
heated by the gas jets in readiness for use by the time the other side becomes
cooled. To permit of the iron being turned in this way it is connected to the

page_text: handle bow so as to turn about its axis in the bow, whilst a pin inserted
through a hole in the bow into either of two holes in the iron or box serves
to fix it in either position. The central gas jet pipe is fixed to the bow,
so that it keeps its position notwithstanding the turning of the iron or box.
One of the perforated sides is made removable, so that the interior may be
cleaned.
The arrangement is susceptible of variation in its details, thus, for example,
there may be three or more ironing faces arranged to be heated, and brought
into use in succession, and a screen plate may be attached to the handle
bow to screen the hand from the heat of the top of the box or iron.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COTTON GINS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Evan Leigh at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th November
1862.
I, EVAN LEIGH, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN COTTON GINS," to be as follows:-
In that kind of cotton gin termed the "Macarthy gin" I place two, four, or
more rollers, instead of one as heretofore employed; such rollers, acting in pairs,
are placed in a horizontal line, about fourteen inches apart, in a frame, the
length of which is determined by the number of rollers or power of gin
required. In order to get the seed cotton delivered regularly to each pair of
rollers I place a hopper between them. The bottom of this hopper which
receives the seed cotton is placed about eight or ten inches, above the gin
rollers, and is furnished with a pair of ragged feed rollers which draw down
the seed cotton and deliver it to be ginned, forming a vertical or drop feed,
which can be regulated at pleasure. Instead of a single oscillating doctor
I make one with double arms having a blade at each end. These arms and
blades, forming a compound lever, balance each other, and are actuated by one
crank or eccentric motion, so that when one knife is up the other is down,
acting upon each gin roller alternately. These gin rollers are covered with
leather, having spiral grooves, in the ordinary manner, excepting that I make
them of iron, which I cover with woollen cloth, india-rubber, or other elastic
substance under the leather. The fixed doctors, which press upon the gin

page_text: rollers, may be made in the ordinary manner; or the doctor blades may be
fastened to a shaft of convenient form so arranged as to swivel from a centre,
and the blades be pressed against the gin rollers by weights, springs, or set
screws; or, the doctors may be fixed and the gin rollers made moveable to
set up to them, in which case I give a vertical motion to the doctors and put
a slot through them for the cotton to pass through, which makes the doctors
operate upon the cotton above and below.
My improvements in roller gins consists in having a double line of gin
rollers placed about ten inches apart with the same kind of hopper or drop
feed. These rollers and the frame containing them may extend any length,
the bottom ones having squares and sockets to couple them, as in cotton
spinning machinery, the hoppers being arranged so as to drop the seed cotton
to each boss of the ginning rollers at any speed they are capable of disposing
of it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CIGARS, CHEROOTS, AND CIGARETTES, AND IN THE TREATMENT OF TOBACCO
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Michael Hyams at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th December
1862.
233
I, MICHAEL HYAMS, of 55, Bath Street, City Road, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, Cigar and Pipe Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CIGARS, CHEROOTS, AND
CIGARETTES, AND IN THE TREATMENT OF TOBACCO," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to prevent the noxious oils and juices of
tobacco from entering the mouth of the smoker. For this purpose in manufac-
turing cigars and cheroots I insert or inclose in the portion of the cigar or
cheroots known in the trade as the "bunch," a piece of carbon or charcoal,
preferring to use charcoal prepared by combining therewith tar, quartz, sand, or
earth, and fire-clay, and I also prefer to form the piece into a shape somewhat
suitable to the shape of the cigar or cheroot, so as to present no unsightly
protuberance, that is to say, for ordinary cigars I generally recommend
an ovoidal or egg-like form, but with ends tapering or pointed, or nearly pointed,
and for cheroots a cylindrical shape. I insert or enclose the piece of charcoal
or carbon, shaped as desired, at or near that end of the "bunch" intended to be
in or next the smoker's mouth. The leaf is then rolled over the "bunch," or
the cigar or cheroot finished in the usual or in any desired way. This
filtering medium intercepts the noxious oils or juices as the smoke passes to
the. lips.
In manufacturing cigarettes the filtering piece is inserted or

page_text: enclosed in like manner in the tobacco which forms the body of the
cigarette, and the cigarette then finished off as desired.
I also treat tobacco, whether intended for the manufacture of cigars or
for other uses, by applying to the tobacco an alkaline solution or solutions,
either by sprinkling or other mode; this alkaline treatment neutralizes or
prevents the prejudicial effects of the deleterious oils or
juices.
The alkalies which I employ for these solutions are those which will combine
with the oils and juices of tobacco so as to neutralize the prejudicial effect of
the nicotine. The alkalies which I recommend for the purpose are potash and
soda, and especially the soda of commerce and carbonate of potash, but
ammonia and alkalies obtained from earths and other sources may be used. I
prefer to use soda and potash together in one solution. The following propor-
tions may be used in many cases :-Two-third parts by weight soda of_com-
merce to one-third part by weight carbonate of potash, taking lb. alkali to
one gallon water, but other proportions may be used. The best mode known
to me for applying the solution is by "liquoring," or by dipping, that is to say,
having prepared the solution, I either sprinkle the tobacco with it or I dip the
tobacco into it.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MOTIVE MECHANISM OF PIANOFORTES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Lewis Locke and James
Clark at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 8th November 1862.
We, GEORGE LEWIS LOCKE, of Hampstead New Road, and JAMES CLARK,
of High Street, both in Kentish Town, in the County of Middlesex, Piano-
forte Makers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MOTIVE MECHANISM OF PIANOFORTES," to be as follows:-
These improvements in the motive mechanism of pianofortes refer to the
construction of that part termed the hopper, or its equivalent in grands
termed the "jack," that is, the part secured to the inner end of each of the
keys, which in upright instruments serves to act upon the lever to which the
sticker is attached, which sticker acts upon the hammer butt or end; such
improvements being intended to attain more perfect action, affording more
power to the blow of the hammer, and greater facility of regulating. This
hopper consists of a base firmly secured to the end of the key; this base
having a projecting part (termed the "fork") with a recess at its end, in
which recess is fitted a straight piece termed the fly of the hopper, part of
which is below and part above the sides of the said recess or fork, to which
sides the fly is centred upon a pin free to move, the part of the fly below
having the regulator button acting against it; this button being secured on
the end of a screw pin that passes into the base of the hopper and the lower part
of the fly. The upper part of the fly has the wire spring adjusted at the back
thereof, such spring being secured at top by a small loop to a hook formed at

page_text: the top of the spring, the said loop being secured to the back of the upper
part of the said fly. Instead of using this arrangement I can use the fly
reversed, the spring in this case pressing against the fly, instead of pulling as
in the former case. In this case the screw pin carrying the regulating button
passes only through the base of the hopper, the button being on the end of it.
We can readily adapt this Invention to a check action instrument by fixing
on the base of the hopper a check piece with a check wire and button
attached, so as to act on the upper part of the fly aforesaid. For "grands'
and other horizontal instruments this Invention would be applied to the
"jack" (that is, the equivalent of the hopper) which acts upon the hammer
butt.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPA- RATUS FOR SIGNALLING AND INDICATING THE POSITION OF SHOTS ON TARGETS IN RIPLE PRACTICE, AND FOR PREVENTING ACCIDENTS TO THE MARKERS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Octavius Staunton, at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
May 1862.
I, CHARLES OCTAVIUS STAUNTON, of Paulton Square, Chelsea, in the County
of Middlesex, Sergeant in the Queen's Westminster Rifle Volunteers, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPA-
RATUS FOR SIGNALLING AND INDICATING THE POSITION OF SHOTS ON TARGETS IN
RIPLE PRACTICE, AND FOR PREVENTING ACCIDENTS TO THE MARKERS," to be as
follows:-
Instead of the usual plan of signalling in rifle shooting by the marker
waving a flag to mark the shot, I construct an upright framework made of
wood, metal, or other material, at the top of which I fix a rod or shaft, and
place on it a number of pullies which are connected to other pullies near the
bottom of the framework by suitable bands or gearing. To the top pullies are
connected arms carrying discs and fixed to the shafts of the bottom pullies; on
the exterior of the framework are handles for working these discs. The discs
are painted the requisite colors, such as red for "danger," white for an
"outer," and on the framework around the handles for working the discs are
painted discs to correspond with the ones at the top.
The manner in which the Invention is put into operation is as follows:-
The marker in his mantelet has this apparatus before him, and when a shot is
fired he is enabled by means of the discs to indicate the spot at which the target

page_text: has been struck; for instance, if an "outer" has been scored, he turns the
handle and displays the white disc at the top of the framework, if a "centre,"
the blue disc, and so on. The exact position of the shot on the target, whether
to the right or left, high or low, can also be shewn by inclining the discs in
the same direction and at the requisite angle. When the danger signal has to
be displayed I insert a pin through the handle into the framework to keep it
in its position.
In order to avoid the danger to which the marker is exposed when it is
necessary to examine the target either from the danger disc or flag not being
seen, or from other causes, I use a plate or shield of iron arranged close to the
target connected by a rope or chain or other contrivance, so that the marker
before leaving his mantelet, by pulling the rope or chain causes the plate or
shield to conceal the face of the target.
IMPROVED APPARATUS: FOR ASCERTAINING OR TESTING THE EXPLOSIBILITY OF LIQUID HYDROCARBONS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Enrico Angelo Ludovico Negretti
and Joseph Warren Zambra at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 25th October 1862.-A communication
from abroad by Guiseppe Tagliabue, of New York, in the United States
of America.
We, ENRICO ANGELO LUDOVICO NEGRETTI, and JOSEPH WARREN ZAMBRA,
of Hatton Garden, in the City of London, Meteorological Instrument Makers,.
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS:
FOR ASCERTAINING OR TESTING THE EXPLOSIBILITY OF LIQUID HYDROCARBONS," to.
be as follows:-
The object of the instrument or apparatus which forms the subject of this
Invention is to ascertain the temperature at which liquid hydrocarbons produce.
an explosive mixture of gases, and also the temperature at which such liquid.
hydrocarbon will be ignited by the contact of flame.
The apparatus consists of a thermometer, the bulb of which is made to:
dip into a cup or vessel in which the hydrocarbon to be tested is placed, and
is heated by a spirit lamp or water bath beneath. Upon the hydrocarbon
being heated it will give off vapour in proportion to its volatility,.and the
heats employed, and this vapour upon being allowed to mix with a certain
proportion of air in a suitable chamber or vessel will form an explosive com-
pound. Upon introducing a flame into the chamber or vessel where the mixed
gases are, a slight explosion will take place if the proper proportion of gases

page_text: are there. After the first explosion the exact time required for evolving a
sufficient quantity of vapour to produce a second explosion must be noted. The
temperature of the hydrocarbon must also be ascertained by referring to the
thermometer, by which means the lowest temperature at which the hydrocarbon
will form an explosive compound will be indicated by the thermometer.
In order to ascertain the temperature at which the liquid will ignite by
contact with the flame, it will only be necessary to remove the cover from
the vessel containing the oil, and then apply a lighted paper from time to
time, while the temperature of the oil is being gradually raised. It is
advisable that all the parts which are liable to become heated by continuing
the experiments for a length of time, should be capable of removal with
facility, in order that they may be plunged into cold water, so as to reduce
them to the temperature of the surrounding air. If this precaution be not
taken errors in the observation may arise.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FURNACES FOR STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Parkinson, John Norman,
and Richard Cottam at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 5th May 1862.
We, THOMAS PARKINSON, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster, Brass-
founder, JOHN NORMAN the younger, of the same Place, Millwright, and
RICHARD COTTAM, of the same Place, Moulder, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
FURNACES FOR STEAM BOILERS," to be as follows:-
The nature of our Invention consists in constructing the grate bars of the
furnaces of steam boilers of steel or wrought-iron tubes connected at their
ends to water chambers. A constant supply of water is introduced into these
tubes and chambers by suitable pipes, and the steam generated in them is
carried off into the interior of the boiler by a pipe or pipes passing from the
chamber near the bridge along the flue to the back end of the boiler, or in any
other convenient manner. In order to secure the ends of the tubes into the
water chambers in a cheap and efficient manner, we run the metal of the
chambers around the ends of the tubes; it is however apparent that the tubes
may be screwed into or otherwise connected to the water chambers.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN BANKERS' CHEQUE BOOKS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Baynes at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th March
1862.
I, HENRY BAYNES, of the Firm of Henry Baynes and Son, Stationers, of
Clements Lane, in the City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN BANKERS' CHEQUE BOOKS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention is designed for the more efficient protection of bankers and
their customers against other than the proper or authorized persons obtaining
cheque books from banks by means of forged orders or otherwise. The
Invention consists in inserting in the ordinary cheque book at the end or any
other convenient part thereof a leaf, either with or without a corresponding
counterfoil, which leaf and counterfoil or leaf only may be made the same in
size and of the same or of different colored paper to that of the cheques in
the book; on this leaf it is intended to print (in a different color or colors to
the color or colors in which the cheques are printed, or, if desired, the same
color or colors may be used as used for the cheques) a suitable form of order
or request to the banker for a new cheque book to be delivered to the bearer
or otherwise as may be desired, which order or request it is intended shall be
signed by the same party and in the same manner that a cheque from the
customer would be signed. It is further intended to number the order or
request leaf and counterfoil (if any), with the same number (either progressive

page_text: or otherwise) that the cheques in the book have borne, or the order or request
leaf may be numbered, lettered, or marked in any other convenient manner in
order that the banker may be able to at once ascertain whether the order or
request has come direct from his customer.
AN IMPROVED MOTION FOR ACTUATING THE DOFFERS OF CARDING ENGINES FOR CARDING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Brown at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th July
1862.
I, JOHN BROWN, of Middleton, in the County of Lancaster, Machinist, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MOTION
FOR ACTUATING THE DOFFERS OF CARDING ENGINES FOR CARDING COTTON AND OTHER
FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
The improvement is designed to obtain a steady vertical motion of the
"doffer" employed to strip the fibrous substance from the cards, and consists in
securing each end of the doffer in a block sliding vertically in a pedestal;
these blocks (and consequently the doffer) are actuated in a vertical recipro-
cating direction by rods or arms, moved by eccentrics, placed upon a shaft
beneath the pedestals. The peculiar feature of the Invention being the use of
the sliding blocks and pedestals for the purpose of steadiness.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF UTILIZING THE WASTE HEAT OF THE PRODUCTS or COMBUSTION AS THEY ESCAPE PROM A FURNACE, AND SECURING A MORE COMPLETE COMBUSTION OF THE FUEL
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Echlin Molyneux at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th March
1862.
I, ECHLIN MOLYNEUX, junior, of Leavien, Enniskerry, in the County of
Wicklow, Ireland, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED METHOD OF UTILIZING THE WASTE HEAT OF THE PRODUCTS or
COMBUSTION AS THEY ESCAPE PROM A FURNACE, AND SECURING A MORE COMPLETE
COMBUSTION OF THE FUEL," to be as follows:-
The Invention consists in transferring the waste heat of the products of com-
bustion as they escape from the furnace to the air, which is supplied to support
the combustion of the fuel, by forcing (by means of a fan or otherwise) the
hot products of combustion, and the air for supporting the combustion, to pass
alternately through a tube containing metal in a finely divided state, such as
perforated sheets of metal, wire gauze, coils of wire. The hot products of
combustion in traversing this tube are deprived of their heat by the finely
divided metal and are then allowed to escape. The air for supporting the
combustion is then admitted (at the end of the tube from which the waste
gases escape); as it travels onwards it takes up more or less of the heat left
in the finely divided metal and is finally allowed to pass into the furnace. The
Inventor sometimes accomplishes the object of his Invention with a different
apparatus, consisting of a tube traversed by a number of smaller tubes of
very thin section, made of iron, copper, or any other material which is a good

page_text: conductor of heat; the hot waste products of combustion are made to
traverse the small tubes at the same time that the cold feed air entering to
support the combustion is travelling through the space between the small
tubes and the large. The feed air will accumulate heat in its progress
as the thin metal of the tubes permits the heat of the waste products of
combustion to pass freely to the exterior colder current.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PORTABLE STEAM ENGINES, APPLICABLE TO LOCOMOTIVE, STATIONARY, AND MARINE ENGINES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Peters, at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th February
1862.
I, JOHN PETERS, of Ulverston, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PORTABLE
STEAM ENGINES, APPLICABLE TO LOCOMOTIVE, STATIONARY, AND MARINE ENGINES," to
be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in portable steam engines, relates more
particularly to portable agricultural engines, but my improvements may also
be applied to some descriptions, such as the smaller kinds, of locomotive,
stationary, and marine engines. In my improved engine the steam cylinder is
constructed on the oscillating principle, and is placed within the steam dome
of the boiler. The bearings of the trunnions are fixed on the top of the
boiler, and the inlet and exhaust passages, as in all cylinders of this construc-
tion, are made in the trunnions, one of which is provided with an exhaust pipe
and a valve whereby the action of the engine-may be reversed when required.
The piston rod is connected to a crank on the end of the crank shaft which
works in a steam-tight stuffing box secured to or fixed on the side of the steam
dome. This bearing may be made long enough to support the crank shaft
without further assistance, or the outer end of the shaft may, if desired, be sup-
ported in another bearing on a standard secured to the side of the boiler or some

page_text: other convenient part of the apparatus. The crank shaft carries a band
wheel or driving pulley, whereby motion may be transmitted to any machinery
that requires to be driven. A force pump for supplying the boiler with water
is also mounted on one side of the boiler, and the piston of this pump is
worked by an eccentric on the crank shaft.
AN IMPROVED TYPE MACHINE
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Coryton, of Rolls Chambers, 89, Chancery
Lane, W.C., Barrister-at-Law, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED TYPE
MACHINE."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Coryton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
6th January 1862.
I, JOHN CORYTON, of Rolls Chambers, 89, Chancery Lane, W.C., Barrister-
at-Law, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
TYPE MACHINE," to be as follows:―
The Invention consists of a machine in which the types are successively
stamped upon a travelling bar of lead, or other comparatively soft substance,
the matrices being contained in a steel or other hard metal bar, which moves
at right angles, or nearly so to such bar of lead, or other soft substance. The
words and symbols when formed are set up in a grooved chase, and are avail-
able as printing surfaces in any of the modes of printing ordinarily employed.
One form of the machine consists of a horizontal bed plate, along which the
lead or soft bar travels, and a pair of uprights affixed to the bed plate, and carry-

page_text: ing at their other end a spring axle, about which a pair of arms carrying the
matrix plate are capable of oscillating. The machine may however be much
varied provided it contain contrivances for moving the lead bar in one direction,
the matrix plate in a transverse direction, and for bringing down at intervals a
lever, screw, or other instrument to impress the type.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE METHOD OF FASTENING LADIES' CRINOLINE SKIRTS AND OTHER ARTICLES OF WEARING APPAREL, AND ELASTIC AND OTHER BANDS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Hickman at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th April
1862.
I, HENRY HICKMAN, of No. 2, Miller Place, Park Road, Dalston, London,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVEMENT IN THE METHOD OF FASTENING LADIES' CRINOLINE SKIRTS AND
OTHER ARTICLES OF WEARING APPAREL, AND ELASTIC AND OTHER BANDS," to be as
follows:-
A perforated piece of metal made in such shapes or forms as is required in
the making and manufacturing of ladies' crinoline and other skirts, dresses,
and articles of wearing apparel, also for the more securely fastening elastic
and other bands. Being perforated it becomes when applied to tapes, wires,
or other substances immovable, and consequently a more durable and efficient
method of fastening than any now in use.
AN INSTRUMENT FOR INSERTING PHOTOGRAPHIC OR OTHER PICTURES INTO OR REMOVING THEM FROM BETWEEN THE MOUNTS' OF PHOTOGRAPHIC ALBUMS OR OTHER FLAT SPACES, INTO WHICH THE FINGERS CANNOT BE INSERTED
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Pemberton Carter at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
April 1862.
I, CHARLES PEMBERTON CARTER, of Kennington Hall, near Ashford, in the
County of Kent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN INSTRUMENT FOR INSERTING PHOTOGRAPHIC OR OTHER PICTURES INTO OR
REMOVING THEM FROM BETWEEN THE MOUNTS' OF PHOTOGRAPHIC ALBUMS OR
OTHER FLAT SPACES, INTO WHICH THE FINGERS CANNOT BE INSERTED," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has more particularly for its object the obviation of the
difficulty experienced in placing photographic pictures or "cartes de visite
between or especially in removing them from the spaces formed in the
"mounts" of photographic albums, owing to the spaces between the back
and front of the "mounts" being so narrow that the fingers cannot be
inserted into them to lay hold of the picture.
To effect this operation with facility I construct an instrument resembling
generally a pair of pliers, but with the jaws gradually thinned down to an edge at
their extremity, and more or less widened out. The inner surface of the lower
jaw is "roughened" in any suitable manner, whilst the corresponding surface
of the upper jaw is made quite smooth, so as not to damage the surface of the
picture. These surfaces are furthermore so formed that when quite closed
they meet only at their extremity, so that when opened slightly the space
between them corresponding with the ordinary thickness of a cardboard

page_text: picture is as nearly as possible parallel, by which, as also by the roughening
of the lower jaw, the instrument will hold the picture inserted between it
quite firmly. The ends of the jaws being made quite thin they can be
inserted with facility into the narrow space of the mount, together with the
picture, so as to adjust it accurately in its position, or they can be easily inserted
between the surfaces of the picture and the "mount" for the purpose of re-
moving the former from between the latter. The handles of this instrument may
be formed straight, and in a line with the jaws, or, by preference, I bend them,
so as to be at an angle with the same for more convenient manipulation, or
they may be first bent up at an angle, and the extremities bent down again
parallel with the jaws. I sometimes also introduce a spring between the
handles to press them open when let go by the hand; and in some cases I
form one of the jaws with a sharp knife-edge for cutting the pictures; or I
form the handles close to the hinge as scissor blades for the same purpose.
This instrument may be formed of any suitable material, and it may be
employed for inserting pictures into any other flat spaces, besides those in the
"mounts" of photographic albums.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WATCHES, CHRONOMETERS, AND OTHER TIME-KEEPERS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Rainier at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th September
1862.
I, PETER RAINIER, of The Cedars, Shirley, near Southampton, in the
County of Hants, Lieutenant in the Royal Navy, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATCHES, CHRONOMETERS,
AND OTHER TIME-KEEPERS," to be as follows:-
The object of the improvements is, that whilst the watch, chronometer, or
other time-keeper by the hands or pointers is set to indicate Greenwich or other
particular time, it may also by the same hands or pointers indicate other local
time or times. For this purpose, in addition to a fixed dial for moveable hands
or pointers as heretofore, and which may indicate Greenwich or other particular
time, I apply another series of figures upon a separate rim or surface, which may
be shifted round the centre of motion of the hands or pointers, and yet be held in
grooves or other guides, and retained as set by spring or other stop, so that the
respective figures of such extra series may in their relation to the other set of
figures indicate the difference of time between any two distant places. If desired
the dial may revolve to a stationary rim. And two or more such extra rims or
series of figures may be employed, each
set independently of the other, so that the same bands or pointers may indicate
the times of three or more distant places. The extra rims or series of figures
may be applied to the dial or to the case of an open-centred hunting or Crimean
watch, or to both of them.
capable of being moved and of being
IMPROVEMENTS IN LUBRICATING AND MAINTAINING IN WORKING ORDER AXLE JOURNALS AND BRASSES, APPLICABLE ALSO TO OTHER JOURNALS AND BEARINGS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Banfield at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
January 1862.
I, EDWARD BANFIELD, of Ilfracombe, Devon, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LUBRICATING AND MAINTAINING
IN WORKING ORDER AXLE JOURNALS AND BRASSES, APPLICABLE ALSO TO OTHER
JOURNALS AND BEARINGS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in employing hay, straw, grass, hemp, or hair,
(manufactured or unmanufactured) or the shavings or chips of wood, which
are filled into or packed in the axle-box or reservoir containing the oil or
lubricating fluid employed for the purpose of lubricating and maintaining in
working order, by means of capillary attraction, the working surfaces of
journals and bearings.
IMPROVEMENTS IN JACQUARD MACHINES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
June 1862. A communication from abroad by Michael Bouteille, of
Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of 166, Buchanan Street, in the City of Glasgow, North
Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN JACQUARD MACHINES," a communication from abroad by
Michel Bouteille, of Paris, in the Empire of France, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of certain
parts of jacquard machines, and to a mode of operating the same, whereby a
considerable economy in the number of cards is effected by causing each card
to serve four strokes of the cylinder or prism in lieu of only one, as is usually
the case.
According to this Invention the cylinder or prism is so built up or constructed
as to admit of that portion which carries the card pins or studs being slid
laterally by means of a rod or spindle, acted upon by an eccentric or otherwise,
and inserted into one end of the cylinder, suitable springs being employed
inside the cylinder for the purpose of returning the pins to their places again
when the action of the rod ceases. The surfaces of the cylinder or prism are
provided with a series of grooves or channels made transversely across each
face in substitution for the perforations' hitherto employed. The cards have

page_text: each four different sets of holes punched therein, and after the first stroke of
the cylinder the ends of the needles are slightly elevated, so as to bring them
opposite a second set of perforations for the second stroke. Previous to the
third stroke the card is moved longitudinally along the cylinder or prism, as
before described, which has the effect of bringing the third set of perforations
opposite the needles, and the fourth set of perforations are brought into action
by lowering the needles again to their original position before making the last
stroke, after which the cylinder is rotated one quarter turn so as to bring a
fresh card into action.