Improvements in the Construction of Radiators for Heating and Ventilating Purposes.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 18th Jan., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 18th Oct., 1890-Accepted, 22nd N.v., 1890
Improvements in the Construction of Radiators for Heating and
Ventilating Purposes.
I DAVID MEIN NESBIT of 3 Medway Street Leicester, in the County of Leicester,
Heating and Ventilating Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to
be as follows
The object of my invention is to construct a radiator for the purpose of heating
public buildings, hotels, dwelling houses, and for general heating and ventilating
purposes, in such a manner, that, it can be made of any required dimensions, and at
the same time be readily and conveniently made steam, water or gas tight, and also
to produce a radiator that shall be an ornamental object, and not detract from the
decoration or architecture of the room or building in which it is placed.
In carrying my invention into effect, I construct my radiator in the form of a
series of loops, each loop being made up of two or more upright pipes of any required
length and area, united at top and bottom by a semi-circular or other shaped con-
necting piece. I prefer however to construct these pipes and connecting pieces in
one complete casting of iron or other suitable metal, and thus to make one complete
loop without joints. The top portion of the loop is generally a simple connecting
piece forming a channel or passage between the two or more upright pipes. The
bottom connecting piece, however, has in addition to the channel uniting the upright
pipes, a horizontal passage passing right through it. This horizontal passage I divide
into two smaller passages by means of a division or diaphragm plate running through
it, placed in any desired position, either horizontal, vertical or inclined, and the
central portion of this plate I make in the form of a boss having a hole running
through its entire length for the reception of the tie bolt to connect the various loops
together which make up the radiator. This bolt hole runs parallel with the two
passages formed by the division or diaphragın plate. This metal round the ends of
the horizontal passages is made suitable for the reception of asbestos or other packing
or jointing material."
Any number of loops may be employed to form the radiator, all of which are con-
structed in the manner before described. The end loops, however, and sometimes
also the middle loop of the radiator, are provided with feet or supports for resting
upon the floor, the bottom of the loops being a few inches above the floor level.
To one end loop I attach the inlet block or connection, for the admission of steam,
hot water, hot air or other heating agent, and to the other end 1 attach the outlet
block or connection. The connecting bolt, usually of wrought iron, is made
sufficiently long to pass through the holes formed in the dividing or diaphragm plates
of each loop of the radiator, and also through the inlet and outlet blocks or connecting
pieces, binding them all firmly together and making a tight joint between each loop,
and between the two end loops and the inlet and outlet connecting blocks; and thus
the bolt passes right through the bottom portion of the radiator, without, however,
being in actual contact with the steam, hot water, hot air or other heating agent, and
being entirely out of sight with the exception of the head and the nut.
The steam hot water hot air or other heating agent on being admitted into the inlet
block at one end of the radiator passes along one of the horizontal passages formed by
the dividing or diaphragm plates, and from thence passes through the vertical pipes to
the passage on the opposite side at one end of which the heating agent passes
through the outlet block, after having thus made a complete circuit of the radiator.
Instead of admitting the heating agent at the bottoni of the radiator, I sometimes
admit it at the top and at either end, to suit the requirements of this arrangement.-
I sometimes make horizontal passages connecting the tor portions of each loop of the

page_text: radiator, and pass a bolt through, after the same manner as the bottom portion of the
loops, and in cases where I do not adopt this arrangement I sometimes attach lugs or
embracing pieces between the upper portion of each loop to keep them in a vertical
position and to prevent any tendency to turning or twisting when the connecting or
tie bolt is tightened up to make the joints. Although I prefer to employ the loops in
an upright or vertical position, yet I do not limit myself to such an application of
them, neither do I limit myself to any particular form or section of the pipes com-
posing the loops of my improved radiator, but make them either round, square,
elliptical or of any other section or shape. The outside of the pipes I sometimes
treat in an ornamental manner to suit the decoration or architecture of the room or
building in which the radiator is employed.
Dated this 17th day of Innuen 1800
MARKS & CLERK,
13, Temple Street, Birmingham, Agents for Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Construction of Radiators for Heating and
Ventilating Purposes.
I, DAVID MEIN NESBIT, of 3 Medway Street, Leicester, in the County of Leicester,
Heating and Ventilating Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The object of my invention is to construct a radiator for the purpose of heating
public buildings, hotels, dwelling houses, and for general heating and ventilating
purposes, in such a manner, that it can be made of any required dimensions, and at
the same time be readily and conveniently made steam, water or gas tight, and also
to produce a radiator that shall be an ornamental object, and not detract from the
decoration or architecture of the room or building in which it is placed.
In carrying my invention into effect I construct my radiator in the form of a series
of loops, each loop being made up of two or more upright pieces of any required
length and area, united at top and bottom by a semi-circular or other shaped con-
necting piece. I prefer however to construct these pipes and connecting pieces in
one complete casting of iron or other suitable metal, and thus to make one complete
loop without joints. The top portion of the loop is generally a simple connecting
piece forming a channel or passage between the two or more upright pipes. The
bottom connecting piece, however, has in addition to the channel uniting the upright
pipes, a horizontal passage passing right through it. This horizontal passage I divide
into two smaller passages by means of a division or diaphragm plate running through
it, placed in any desired position, either horizontal, vertical, or inclined, and the
central portion of this plate I make in the form of a boss having a hole running
through its entire length for the reception of the tie bolt to connect the various loops
together which make up the radiator. This bolt hole runs parallel with the two
passages formed by the division or diaphragm plate. The metal round the ends of
the horizontal passages is made suitable for the reception of asbestos or other packing
or jointing material.
Any number of loops may be employed to form the radiator, all of which are
constructed in the manner herein before described. The end loops, however, and
sometimes also the middle loop of the radiator, are provided with feet or supports
for resting upon the floor, the bottom of the loops being a few inches above the floor
level.
To one end loop I attach the inlet block or connection, for the admission of steam,
hot water, hot air or other heating agent, and to the other end I attach the outlet
block or connection. The connecting bolt, usually of wrought iron, is made sufficiently
long to pass through the holes formed in the dividing or diaphragm plates of each
loop of the radiator, and also through the inlet and outlet blocks or connecting pieces,

page_text: binding them all firmly together, and making a tight joint between each loop, and
between the two end loops and the inlet and outlet connecting blocks; and thus the
bolt passes right through the bottom portion of the radiator, without, however, being
in actual contact with the steam, hot water, hot air, or other heating agent, and being
entirely out of sight with the exception of the head and the nut.
The steam, hot water, hot air or other heating agent on being admitted into the
inlet block at one end of the radiator passes along one of the horizontal passages
formed by the dividing or diaphragm plates, and from thence passes through the
vertical pipes to the passage on the opposite side at one end of which the heating
agent passes through the outlet block, after having thus made a complete circuit of
the radiator.
Instead of admitting the heating agent at the bottom of the radiator, I sometimes
admit it at the top and at either end; to suit the requirements of this arrangement,
1 sometimes make horizontal passages connecting the top portions of each loop of the
radiator and pass a bolt through, after the same manner as the bottom portion of the
loops; and in cases where I do not adopt this arrangement I sometimes attach lugs.
or embracing pieces between the upper portion of each loop to keep them in a vertical
position and to prevent any tendency to turning or twisting when the connecting or
tie bolt is tightened up to make the joints. Although I prefer to employ the loops in
an upright or vertical position, yet do not limit myself to such an application of
them, neither do I limit myself to any particular form or section of the pipes com-
posing the loops of my improved radiator, but make them either round, square,
elliptical or of any other section or shape.
The outside of the pipes I sometimes treat in an ornamental manner to suit the
decoration of architecture of the room or building in which the radiator is
employed.
In order that my invention may be more readily understood I append hereunto
5 sheets of explanatory drawings to be hereinafter referred to.
On Sheet 1 Fig. 1 is an elevation of one of my improved coils A A' with the
limbs or members broken through for illustrating the adaptability of my system
of construction to suit any length or height of coil. B is the diaphragm or division
plate in the lower part of my coil having a central boss through which a bolt C
can pass for tieing a number of coils together. D is the passage formed on one
side of the plate or web B, and E is the passage or chamber formed upon the
other side. F is the tie bolt to unite the upper ends together. G is the rib formed
upon each side of the coil surface to connect the metal of the central boss with
the metal of the coil.
Instead of two outer webs or ribs G Gas shown in Fig. 3, a section taken
upon a vertical line through the upper portion of the coil in Fig. 1, I sometimes
arrange one central rib for this purpose, allowing the passage between H and H¹
that is from A to A¹ to be freely maintained. Fig. 1a is a sectional plan through
the coil A A¹.
Fig. 2 is a side elevation showing my coils when connected together to form a
series by means of the top and bottom bolts F, C; the end cap or block 1 being
provided with an outlet pipe K; which outlet and block show in detail in
Fig. 4.
Fig. 5 is a side elevation showing the arrangement I adopt when dispensing
with a top bolt; and when constructing my coils without my improved diaphragm
plate in the top. Upon the outer surface of the coil I form projections "L,
and also corresponding recesses M into which, such projections may enter, for the
purpose of ensuring that the upper parts of such coils shall not fall out of line
one with the other. These projections may be of any ordinary character and cast
or pinned on to the surfaces in any well known manner.
Fig. 6 is a detail elevation of the method of feeding and exhausting my improved
form of coil; and Fig. 7 is a sectional plan of the same, N being the inlet and
O the outlet chamber formed upon the end caps or blocks P Q in a manner to
permit of the circulation of the steam, current or heating medium. Fig. 8 is

page_text: a detail sectional view of the end blocks showing the diaphragm plate more
clearly.
Fig. 9 is a front elevation and Fig. 10 is an end elevation of a nest of coils
having my top and bottom bolts C and F for making the joints of the several coils;
the inlet and outlet R and S being indicated also.
Fig. 11 and Fig. 12 are front and end elevations showing my arrangement of
nesting with a bottom bolt C and top lugs or projections and recesses L, M.
Fig. 13 and Fig. 14 are illustrations of my system of nesting when employing a
triple coil pipe A2 A3 A4; the bottom bolt being carried through to make the joints,
while the upper position is maintained by a series of projections L' L2, M' M² formed
upon the coils.
Fig. 15 is an elevation of my coils having both top and bottom bolts for making
the joints, and having the inlet and outlet T and U, and escape or air valve V shown
thereon.
Fig. 16 is a plan of the same.
Figs. 17, 18, and 19 are end elevations of my coils showing the inlet and outlet in
Figs. 18 and 19; and indicating the system adopt when constructing a quadruple
coil A5 A6 A7 A8 in Fig. 17.
Figs. 20, 21, 22, and 23 are modifications of my system of nesting and constructing
my improved coil, with the inlet W and outlet X arranged one at the bottom and the
other at the top of my coil.
I do not limit the application of my invention to any particular form of coil or to
any peculiar arrangement or nesting of the coils in a series, neither do I confine
my system of jointing such pipes to one central bolt passing within the chambers.
But I apply my improved form of diaphragm plate to suit any peculiar arrange-
ment of coils, and I place two or more bolts when so required through the interior
of the coil chambers substantially as hereinbefore described for the ordinary systems
now in use for such coils when constructed in the manner set forth.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is-
1. The construction of coils having a diaphragm or dividing plate, carrying upon
such plate a boss or bosses through which a bolt or bolts may pass to secure such
coils when nested or placed together as and for the purposes herein before described.
2. The construction and arrangement of coils having the connecting bolts such
as C or such as passing within and through such coils substantially as and for the
purposes herienbefore described and as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
3. The combination and arrangement of coils and connecting bolts to form a nest
or number of radiating surfaces, in the several manners herein before described and
substantially as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 17th day of October 1890.
MARKS & CLERK,
13, Temple Street, Birmingham, Agents for Applicant.