A New Compound suitable for the Purification of Sewage and other Polluted Liquors,
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 4th July, 1892
Complete Specification Left, 4th Apr., 1893-Accepted, 13th May, 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
A New Compound suitable for the Purification of Sewage and other
Polluted Liquors,
We, ALFRED SINGER CHINNOCK, of 63 Queen Victoria Street, in the City of
London, Chemical Manufacturer, WILLIAM FAIRLEY, of Priory Villas, Kew, in
the County of Surrey, Civil Engineer, CHARLES EDWARD MCLAREN, of 63
Queen Victoria Street, in the City of London, Chemical Manufacturer, and
PETER MEEKS, of Rainham, Essex, Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to the manufacture of a compound suitable for the treat-
ment of sewage and other polluted waters to effect the separation by precipitation
of solid organic and inorganic suspended matter and the partial destruction of
dissolved organic matter and thereby deodorize, clarify and decolorize the said
sewage and other waters.
By our invention we obtain all the good effects of sulphate of alumina, proto-
sulphate of iron, and carbon for the treatment of sewage, in one compound which
we term carbferalum and which is easy of application.
Certain and variable proportions of calcined china clay, protosulphate of iron,
soot, and sulphuric acid are mixed together in a vessel provided with an agitator,
the mixture is heated with injected steam or by other means, with constant agitation
until it reaches a temperature between 160° Fahrenheit and the boiling point (we
prefer 200° to 210° Fah.) when it is run off into a large mould or moulds where it
quickly boils up in a violent manner, it is then allowed to remain in the moulds
until it sets into hard blocks.
We then take these blocks and by means of a guillotine knife we cut them into
a fine state. In this form we pack the material for market; or we send it out in
the form of large blocks.
The proportions of material used in manufacturing the compound may be varied
to suit the different sewage and other liquids to which it may be applied, but say
for example we use 10 parts calcined china clay, 4 parts soot, 1 part protosulphate
of iron, and 15 parts of 70 per cent. sulphuric acid diluted to suit process of
manufacture, preferably between 70° and 100° Twaddle, say 90°.
In place of china clay we may use other minerals containing high percentages of
alumina, such as bauxite etc. In place of soot we may use other forms of carbon
such as coke, charcoal etc. Any of the per- or proto-salts of iron or manganese or
their oxides may be used in the place of protosulphate of iron.
The purifying compound may be added in the solid form to the sewage to be
treated or it may be first dissolved; it may be used alone or in conjunction with
lime, magnesia or their salts.
Dated the 4th do of Tul., 1900
ALFRED S. CHINNOCK.
WM. FAIRLEY.
CHARLES E. MCLAREN.
P. MEEKS.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
A New Compound suitable for the Purification of Sewage and other
Polluted Liquors.
We, ALFRED SINGER CHINNOCK, of 63 Queen Victoria Street, in the City of
London, Chemical Manufacturer, WILLIAM FAIRLEY, of Priory Villas, Kew, in
the County of Surrey, Civil Engineer, CHARLES EDWARD MCLAREN, of 63
Queen Victoria Street, in the City of London, Chemical Manufacturer, and
PETER MEEKS of Rainham, Essex, Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to the manufacture of compound suitable for the treat-
ment of sewage and other polluted waters to effect the separation by precipitation
of solid organic and inorganic suspended matters and the partial destruction of
dissolved organic matter, and thereby deodorize, clarify and decolorize the said
sewage and other waters.
By our invention we obtain all the good effects of salts of alumina, salts of iron
and carbonaceous matters for the treatment of sewage in one compound, which we
term carbferalum and which is easy of application.
Certain and variable proportions of calcined china clay, protosulphate of iron,
soot and sulphuric acid are mixed together in a suitable vessel provided with an
agitator; the mixture is heated by means of injected steam or by other means,
with constant agitation, until it reaches a temperature between 160° Fahrenheit
and the boiling point (we prefer 200° to 210° Fah.) when it is run off into a large
mould or moulds where it quickly boils up in a violent manner, it is then allowed to
remain in the moulds until it sets into hard blocks. The mixture may be allowed
to boil up in the vessel in which it is mixed, and when the boiling action has ceased,
run into the moulds.
When the blocks are set sufficiently hard we bring them into a fine state of
division by means of a crusher, mill or guillotine knife. In this form we pack the
compound for market, or we send it out in the form of large blocks.
The proportions of material used in the manufacture of this compound may be
varied to suit the different sewage and other liquids to which it may be applied,
but say for example we use 10 parts calcined china clay, 4 parts soot, 1 part proto-
sulphate of iron and 15 parts of 70% sulphuric acid diluted to suit process of
manufacture, preferably between 70° and 100° Twaddle, say 90°-
1.450 specific
gravity.
=
In place of china clay we may use for the manufacture of our compound such
materials as bauxite, alum clay, alum shale and other aluminous minerals. In
place of protosulphate of iron we may use any of the salts of iron or manganese, or
their oxides, or ores.
In place of soot we may use other forms of carbon, such as
coke, charcoal, graphite or other carbonaceous matters.
In the event of the bauxite, alum clay, alum shale, and other aluminous and
carbonaceous materials containing enough iron or manganese to meet our require-
ments we need not add iron or manganese in any other form. If the alum shale or
other aluminous minerals contain enough carbon to meet our requirements we need
not add carbon in any other form.
The purifying compound may be added in the solid form to the sewage liquids
to be treated, or may be first dissolved. It may be used alone or in conjunction
with lime, magnesia or their salts.
Our compound which we term carbferalum possesses the following advantages.
1. It produces all the good effects obtainable by using sulphate of alumina,
proto sulphate of iron, and carbon, and more thoroughly than is otherwise possible.
2. It is much easier of application than the separate ingredients as there is only

page_text: one substance to handle instead of three. It can be applied direct to the sewage
to be treated.
'
3. Carbferálum being readily dissolved in water, operates immediately it comes
in contact with the liquors.
4. The precipitation of solid organic and inorganic matter is more quickly and
thoroughly accomplished by the use of carbferalum than by any other means.
5. In consequence of the fine carbon being carried down with the silica in carb-
feralum, the deodorization of the sludge and aeration of the effluent liquors is
effected more completely.
6. The carbon so precipitated combines with the sludge and adds greatly to its
manurial value, also it assists the process of pressing where filter presses are used.
7. Carbferalum chemically acts upon the effluent so as to allay the frothing at
the outflow, which is frequently a nuisance where a fall occurs.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is :-
The combination by the aid of heat and agitation of the materials herein
described thereby forming a solid compound containing carbon, sulphate of alumina
and iron or manganese salts with or without the presence of other ingredients.
Dated this 4th day of A nuit 1002
ALFRED S. CHINNOCK,
WM. FAIRLEY,
P. MEEKS,
C. E. MCLAREN,
By Carpmael & Co.,
Agents.