IMPROVEMENTS IN THE SMELTING AND TREATMENT OF IRON AND OTHER ORES, IN THE FUEL AND OTHER MATERIALS MADE USE OF IN SUCH TREATMENT, AND IN APPARATUS FOR SUPPLYING THE SAME TO BLAST, PUDDLING, AND ANY OTHER FURNACES AND FIRES IN OR BY WHICH GREAT HEAT IS REQUIRED TO BE GENERATED, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE ALSO TO OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1867

page_text: ETTERS PATENT to Enoch Harrison Aydon, of Wandsworth, in the
County of Surrey, Civil Engineer, and Edward Field, of Chandos
Chambers, Adelpbi, in the City of Westminster, Consulting Engineer,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE SMELTING AND TREATMENT OF
IRON AND OTHER ORES, IN THE FUEL AND OTHER MATERIALS MADE USE OF IN
SUCH TREATMENT, AND IN APPARATUS FOR SUPPLYING THE SAME TO BLAST,
PUDDLING, AND ANY OTHER FURNACES AND FIRES IN OR BY WHICH GREAT HEAT
IS REQUIRED TO BE GENERATED, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE
ALSO TO OTHER PURPOSES."
ealed the 24th September 1867, and dated the 29th March 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Enoch Harrison Aydon
and Edward Field at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 29th March 1867.
We, ENOCH HARRISON AFDON, of Wandsworth, in the County of Surrey,
Civil Engineer, and EDWARD FIELD, of Chandos Chambers, Adelphi, in the
City of Westminster, Consulting Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE SMELTING AND TREATMENT OF
IRON AND OTHER ORES, IN THE FUEL AND OTHER MATERIALS MADE USE OF IN SUCH
TREATMENT, AND IN APPARATUS FOR SUPPLYING THE SAME TO BLAST, PUDDLING, AND
ANY OTHER FURNACES AND FIRES IN OR BY WHICH GREAT HEAT IS REQUIRED TO BE

page_text: GENERATED, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE ALSO TO OTHER
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the smelting and
treatment of iron and other ores, in the fuel and other materials made use of
in such treatment, and in apparatus for supplying the same to blast, puddling,
and any other furnaces and fires in or by which great heat is required to be
generated, parts of which improvements are applicable also to other purposes.
We make use of air, hydrochloric, sulphuric, or other acids intermingle: or
mixed together and injected, or of any one or more of such acids with or
without nitrous oxide or bi-sulphide of carbon, or with both of them, in
combination or intermingled with air, and injected or forced into smelting
furnaces by means of either low or high pressure superheated steam (which
in the process of injection becomes also mixed or intermingled with such acid
or acids and air or other materials), for the purpose of blowing such furnaces
and of decarbonising the ores or metals under treatment therein.; or we
employ the above in combination with other materials, such as lime, borax,
chloride of lime, zinc, or sodium, nitrate or prussiate of potash, magnesia, or
other alkali, oxide of manganese or iron, and with such fuels as coal, coke,
charcoal, peat, resin, or other solid fuels in a disintegrated state, the whole or
any number of which acids and other ingredients and fuels may be used in
combination, or two or more only may be employed in conjunction with air,
and injected into the tuyeres or other passages or openings leading into the
furnace by means of a jet of superheated steam and air, or superheated steam,
air, and acid, for the purpose of reducing and decarbonising the iron or other
ore, and removing other deleterious substances, such as sulphur, phosphorus,
and others therefrom..
In some cases we make use of petroleum or other liquid fuel or fuels
injected and dispersed in such furnaces or fire places as aforesaid by means
of high or low pressure superheated steam, as described in the Specification
of Letters Patent, No. 2661, granted the 16th day of October 1865 to
Francis Wise, Edward Field, and Enoch Harrison Aydon, and in conjunction
or combination with such liquid fuel or fuels so injected and dispersed we
use or employ acids as aforesaid, either with or without the waste gases of
such furnaces. The admixture of such acid or acids, petroleum, and gas or
gases may take place either before or after the steam has passed through the
superheating apparatus, so as either to be vapourised in such apparatus or to
become subsequently vapourised on being injected into and dispersed in the
furnace

page_text: In other cases, for blowing blast and other furnaces, we make use of jets
of superheated steam for injecting air and acid or acids with or without
admixture with one or more of the other materials previously referred to,
uch jets forcing or injecting the air, acids, or air, acids, and other
ingredients into the tuyeres or other passages or openings leading into the
furnace.
In blast and other furnaces, as referred to, we place the tuyeres or openings
in one or more rows or tiers, and we cause the materials on being forced into
the furnace or combustion chamber to strike or impinge upon the incandescent
fuel therein contained, or upon a partly conical or inclined wall or bridge of
fire-brick, or other suitable material, whereby they are thoroughly broken and
dispersed or diffused in such furnace or chamber and perfectly consumed
therein.
By constructing and working blast furnaces in the manner described we
entirely avoid the expense of blast engines, at the same time attaining very
perfect and vivid combustion, which will enable such fuels as anthracite,
coal, and others of like character to be advantageously made use of and
thoroughly consumed. The pipes or tubes made use of for conveying the
fluids employed to the furnace and for superheating them therein may be
formed either of iron lined with fire-clay, iron lined with plumbago mixture
or composition, or of iron lined or coated internally with Ransome's patent
silica composition; pipes lined with which latter composition may be
advantageously employed in other cases where liquid and other fluids are
required to be conveyed.
It is to be observed that the methods described of injecting or blowing air,
acids, and other materials into furnaces for smelting and treating ores are
applicable to plate glass and other furnaces, as also to smiths' hearths or
fire-places, and to other purposes for which great heat is required to be
generated.
30 SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Enoch Harrison Aydon and Edward Field in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 28th September 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, ENOCI
HARRISON AYDON, of Wandsworth, in the County of Surrey, Civil Engineer,
35 and EDWARD FIELD, of Chandos Chambers, Adelphi, in the City of Westminster,
Consulting Engineer, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirtieth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
us, the said Enoch Harrison Aydon and Edward Field, Her special license
that we, the said Enoch Harrison Aydon and Edward Field, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Enoch
Harrison Aydon and Edward Field, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE SMELTING AND TREATMENT OF IRON AND
OTHER ORES, IN THE FUEL AND OTHER MATERIALS MADE USE OF IN SUCH TREATMENT,
AND IN APPARATUS FOR SUPPLYING THE SAME TO BLAST, PUDDLING, AND ANY OTHER
FURNACES. AND FIRES IN OR BY WHICH GREAT. HEAT IS REQUIRED TO BE GENERATED,
PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE ALSO TO OTHER PURPOSES," upon
the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Enoch Harrison Aydon
and Edward Field, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under our, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Enoch Harrison Aydon and Edward
Field, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the smelting and treat-
ment of iron and other ores, in the fuel and other materials made use of in
such treatment, and in apparatus for supplying the same to blast, puddling,
and any other furnaces and fires in or by which great heat is' required to be
generated, parts of which improvements are. applicable also to other purposes.
We make use of air, hydrochloric, sulphuric, or other acids intermingled or
mixed together and injected, or of any one or more of such acids with or
without nitrous oxide or bi-sulphide of carbon, or with both of them, in com-
bination or intermingled with air, and injected or forced into smelting furnaces
by means of either low or high pressure superheated steam (which in the

page_text: process of injection becomes also mixed or intermingled with such acid or
acids and air or other materials), for the purpose of blowing such furnaces and
of decarbonizing the ores or metals under treatment therein; or we employ
the above in combination with other materials, such as lime, borax, chloride
of lime, zinc, or sodium, nitrate or prussiate of potash, magnesia, or other
alkali, oxide of manganese or iron, and with such fuels as coal, coke, char-
coal, peat, resin, or other solid fuels in a disintegrated state, the whole or any
number of which acids and other ingredients and fuels may be used in com-
bination, or two or more only may be employed in conjunction with air and
injected into the tuyeres or other passages or openings leading into the
furnace by means of a jet-of superheated steam and air, or superheated steam,
air, and acid, for the purpose of reducing and decarbonizing the iron or other
ore, and removing other deleterious substances, such as. sulphur, phosphorous,.
and others therefrom.
In some cases we make use of petroleum or other liquid fuel or fuels
injected and dispersed in such furnaces or fire-places as aforesaid by means
of high or low pressure superheated steam, as described in the Specification.
of. Letters Patent, No.. 2661, granted the 16th day of October 1865 to
Francis Wise, Edward.Field, and Enoch Harrison Aydon, and in con-
junction or combination with such liquid fuel or fuels so injected and
dispersed we use or employ acids as aforesaid, either with or without the
waste gases of such furnaces. The admixture of such acid or acids, petroleum,
and gas or gases may take place, either before or after the steam has passed.
through the superheating apparatus, so as either to be vapourised in such
apparatus or to become subsequently vapourised on being injected into and
dispersed in the furnace.
In other cases, for blowing blast and other furnaces, we make use of jets of
superheated steam for injecting air and acid or acids with or without
admixture with one or more of the other materials previously referred to,
such jets forcing or injecting the air, acids, or air, acids, and other ingredients:
into the tuyeres or other passages or openings leading into the furnace.
In blast and other furnaces, as referred to, we place the tuyeres or openings
in one or more rows or tiers, and we cause: the materials on being forced
into the furnace or combustion chamber to strike or impinge upon the
incandescent fuel therein contained; or upon a partly conical or inclined wall
or bridge of fire-brick or other suitable material, whereby they are thoroughly
broken and dispersed or diffused in such furnace or chamber and perfectly..
consumed therein.

page_text: By constructing and working blast furnaces in the manner described we
entirely avoid the expense of blast engines, at the same time attaining very
perfect and vivid combustion, which will enable such fuels as anthracite, coal,
and others of like character to be advantageously made use of and thoroughly
consumed. The pipes or tubes made use of for conveying the fluids employed
to the furnace and for superheating them therein may be formed either of
iron lined with fire-clay, iron lined with plumbago mixture or composition, or
of iron lined or coated internally with Ransome's patent silica composition;
pipes lined with which latter composition may be advantageously employed in
other cases where liquid and other fluids are required to be conveyed.
It is to be observed that the methods described of injecting or blowing air,
acids, and other materials into furnaces for smelting and treating, ores aro
applicable to plate glass and other furnaces, as also to smiths' hearths or fire-
places, and to other purposes for which great heat is required to be generated
And in order that our Invention may be well. understood we will proceed
to describe the manner of carrying the same into practical effect.
The method of decomposing and supplying the acids and other ingredients.
to blast and other furnaces will be as follows (that is to say):-The acids are
to be each separately injected by means of high-pressure steam into a suitable
retort, which retort is to be filled with broken fire-brick, porcelain, or pumice-
stone, chalk, or other suitable material, there to be vapourised and super-
lieated: and raised to the required temperature before passing into the blast or
other furnace. The fuel and ore are put into the top of the furnace, as is
usual at present. In cases where more than one acid is used such acids may
be injected into the retort or superheating oven, either separately, so as to
combine in the retort, or they may be combined before entering the same, but
we prefer their being injected and vapourised or made into gas in separate
retorts,, and not being mixed or intermingled before they are about to be
forced into the furnace through the tuyere or other aperture, and we may
remark that in some cases it may be found advantageous to use ozone, which
will produce an equivalent effect to hydrochloric and other acids as aforesaid
by introducing oxygen to the matters under treatment in the furnace.
In cases where petroleum is made use of as fuel we prefer that it should
be first injected by high-pressure steam into a suitable retort or retorts or
superheaters, and there made into a highly superheated gas in combination
with the steam (say to the same temperature as the hot air is used at
present), when it may be combined with the gas from the acids or ozone and
steam before mentioned at the mouth of the tuyere or other suitable aperture,

page_text: and so forced into the furnace or combustion chamber to do the duty required,
or the crude petroleum or other liquid fuel may be introduced at the tuyeres
according to Wise, Field, and Aydon's aforesaid Patent, No. 2661, of 1865,
and may be forced into the furnace or combustion chamber by the gas
resulting from the combined steam and acid or ozone. With regard to the
solid fuels and other substances in a disintegrated state they will be used in
the case of blast furnaces at the lower tuyeres only, and for the purpose of
decarbonizing or carbonizing or removing deleterious matter from the molten
metal in its passage to the hearth. In puddling and other furnaces the above-
mentioned solid fuels and other substances in a disentegrated state will have
the same effect of decarbonizing or carbonizing or removing deleterious matter
from the materials under treatment in such furnaces. The blast furnaces are
constructed of two or more tiers of tuyeres, as already mentioned, the furnace
being proportionately bigher than at present, consequently the ordinary process
of smelting will take place in the upper portion (as at present), and as the
metal passes the lower portion to the hearth it can be so treated that the
required quality will be attained; thus, for instance, in the case of iron, if soft
iron is required, then as the molten metal runs past or through the second or
lower part of the furnace more carbon is forced through the lower tuyeres,
either in the form of petroleum or other liquid fuel, or petroleum gas, or as
disintegrated coal, coke, charcoal, or any of the other suitable ingredients.
named. In case forge iron or semi-steel is required more oxygen is intro-
duced until the metal is decarbonized or otherwise sufficiently treated for the
required quality. The hot-air ovens or superheating apparatus may be.
formed as at present practised, or may be set as gas retorts are.
where the acids are used in combination with steam, the superheaters,
vapourisers, or hot-air ovens will have to be made either of fire-clay, cast or.
wrought iron lined with fire-clay, fire-stone, ganister, plumbago, material or
Ransome's patent silica composition, so as to resist the action of the acid,.
but in cases where petroleum or other liquid fuel is used cast or wrought iron.
retorts will do alone. The retorts or superheaters should in each case bo:
filled with broken fire-brick or porcelain, pumicestone, lime, or chalk in
small pieces, for the purpose of more readily vapourising. the acids and other
ingredients. The waste gases or air may be forced into the furnace at the
tuyeres along with the other gases and ingredients by the action of tho
injecting or feeding apparatus as herein-after more particularly explained. Ne-
engine or other blowing machinery is required, the pressure of the injected.
gases being regulated by the pressure of steam. In blast, puddling, and>
In cases

page_text: other furnaces anthracite coal can be used to great advantage, as not only can
great heat be supplied by the use of hydrocarbon fuels, but the requisite
amount of oxygen or air can be so regulated as to ensure perfect combustion
without loss and without the use of high chimnies.
The accompanying Sheets of Drawings, with the following description of
the same, will enable the apparatus employed in carrying out this Invention
to be clearly understood.
Fig. 1( Sheet 1) is a vertical section of a blast furnace constructed according
to this Invention.
a is the bosh; b, the converting chamber; c, the hearth; d, the lower set
of tuyeres; e, the upper set of tuyeres formed in the contracted part of the
furnace; fis the contracted part of the furnace; g, the tap hole or breast of
the furnace; h, the feeding apertures; i, the passage for the escape of waste
gases; k, the dome for collecting waste gases; 1, the waste gas main; m, m,
the pipes for conveying waste gases when required to the injecting apparatus;
2 are the injectors; o, the pipes for conveying superheated steam, acid, or
petroleum gases to injectors; p, the pipes for introducing petroleum or liquid
fuel by the injecting apparatus. The contraction f separates the furnace into
two parts, as shewn, in such manner that the metal may be melted or fluxed
in the upper part or chamber (a), from whence it descends into the lowor
chamber to undergo such farther treatment as may be requisite. The
waste gases are used as fuel by injecting the same in combination with heated
air and other gases, petroleum, and other materials at e and d, such injection
being effected by means of superheated steam with such force as to dispense
with the necessity for using blast engines. The injecting or feeding apparatus
we prefer to employ will be found fully described hereafter with reference to
Fig. 14. By the admixture of the waste gases and other ingredients with
the superheated steam the latter becomes decomposed, thereby avoiding the
formation of the moisture which has resulted from the employment of steam
in the manner hitherto attempted for blowing blast and other furnaces, and
which moisture is prejudicial to the material under treatment in such furnaces,
We would observe that an annular space may be provided between the
injecting apparatus and the tuyere, through which a current of heated air into
the furnace may be induced by the action of the injecting apparatus,
Fig. 2 shews in section the manner in which an ordinary furnace may be
converted according to this Invention, being divided into an upper and lower
chamber, and provided with a contraction f. 9 is a receptacle or hopper for
containing disintegrated fuel, from which it is conveyed to the tuyere d

page_text: through a suitable pipe q¹. When it is found necessary to use the ordinary
ovens the heated air may be admitted through the same passage q¹.
Fig 3 is a longitudinal section of an ordinary puddling furnace arranged
to be worked according to our Invention, the fire-grate being dispensed with,
and the furnace being in lieu thereof fitted with injecting apparatus, as shewn
in and described with reference to Fig. 13.
a is the hearth; b, b, the injecting apparatus; c, the portion of the apparatus
for containing the solid disintegrated or powdered fuel or other substances to
be introduced into the puddled iron; d is the inclined wall against which the
injected fuel and other ingredients strike; e, the pipe for supplying liquid fuel
or gases; and f, the pipe for conveying superheated steam to the injecting
apparaus. It will be seen that the solid fuel fire hitherto used is in this case
dispensed with, thereby getting rid of a great quantity of sulphur and
phosphorous hitherto conveyed to the iron from the burning coal gases.
Fig. 4 is a longitudinal section of an ordinary air furnace arranged to
be worked according to our Invention. As will be seen the fire-grate is.
dispensed with, apparatus for injecting liquid and disintegrated fuels or other
ingredients being substituted for the fire-grate.
a is the hearth or bed of the furnace; b, the injecting or feeding apparatus ;
c, the hopper or receptacle for containing disintegrated fuel and other sub-
stances to be supplied to the fire; d, the inclined wall against which the
injected fuel and other ingredients strike, and by which they are dispersed in
the furnace; e, pipe for conveying liquid fuel into injecting or feeding
apparatus; pipe for conveying superheated steam to injecting apparatus.
Fig. 5 is a longitudinal section of an ordinary air or reverberatory furnace
arranged to work either with an ordinary coal fire or with liquid fuels fed
by means of injecting or feeding apparatus.
a is the hearth; a', the step grate for the ordinary fire; b, the injecting
apparatus; c, opening for introducing solid fuel to the grate; d, the inclined
bridge or wall of fire-brick or other suitable material; e, tank and pipe for
containing and conveying liquid fuel to injecting or feeding apparatus; f, pipe
for conveying superheated steam to injecting apparatus.
Fig. 6 is a longitudinal section of a furnace, which may be used according
to our Invention either as a smith's fire or puddling furnace, and is fitted
with an injecting apparatus for using liquid fuel.
a is the hearth; when intended to be used for a smith's fire it contains
incandescent material; b, the injecting or feeding apparatus for liquid fuel;
c, door for introducing solid fuel or other material that it may be desired to

page_text: supply to the hearth a; d; inclined wall or bridge against which the liquid
fuel is projected for decomposition; e, pipe for conveying liquid fuel from
tank to feeding apparatus; f, pipe for conveying superheated steam to feeding
apparatus.
Fig. 7 shews the manner in which the inclined wall, bridge, or baffle may
be conveniently used in a locomotive furnace, in combination-with apparatus
for injecting or feeding liquid fuels by means of superheated or other steam,
the furnace being in this case so arranged that it may be employed either
alone or in combination with fuel burnt on the-ordinary grate.
a, a, are the ordinary grate bars; b is the injecting or feeding apparatus;
c; the opening or doorway for introducing coal or other solid fuel in the
ordinary manner, d, inclined walls, bridges, or baffles against which the
liquid fuel strikes; e, pipe for conveying liquid fuel to the injecting or
feeding apparatus; f, pipe for conveying superheated steam to the injecting
apparatus; f; superheater for superheating. steam; m, pipe for conveying
air or waste gases to the injecting apparatus.
Fig. 8 (Sheet 2) is a longitudinal section shewing the application of the
inclined wall, bridge, or baffle in combination with apparatus for injecting.
liquid fuels as aforesaid to the furnace of a boiler designed for stationary,
marine, and other purposes, and fitted with pendant water tubes, which it is s
preferred should be of the construction known as the Field" patent
system; Fig. 9 is an end elevation, and Fig. 10-a transverse section of the
same..
a is the step fire-grate; b, b, the injecting or feeding apparatus; c,
aperture through which solid fuel is introduced when required; d, inclined
wall, bridge, or baffle against which liquid fuel is projected for decomposition
and combustion; e, pipe for supplying liquid fuel from the tank to the
feeding apparatus; f, pipe for conveying superheated or other steam to. the
injecting apparatus.
Fig. 11 (Sheet 1) is a longitudinal section of one form of apparatus, which
may be conveniently employed according to our Invention for injecting or
feeding liquid fuels into furnaces of various descriptions by means of super-
heated or other steam.
a is the pipe or passage by which superheated or other steam from the
superbeater or steam boiler is supplied to the injecting or feeding apparatus; a
a is a flattened or elliptical orifice or adjustable outlet through which the
steam issues in its passage towards the stream of liquid fuel to be projected
into the furnace; b, the pipe for conveying the liquid fuel to the furnace ;

page_text: , the nozzle through which the liquid fuel issues into the furnace; c is an
opening which may be connected or in communication with cold air or with a
hot-air furnace or apparatus for heating air, or with waste or other gases;
d, opening through which fuel passes into the furnace or combustion chamber;
e, adjustable valve for regulating the quantity of air admitted; f, spindle for
regulating the quantity of steam. The action of the apparatus is as follows:-
Steam issuing from the orifice a¹ meets the liquid fuel issuing from b¹ and
the air or gas coming in through c, and the whole combined pass through
the tube or passage into the furnace or combustion chamber; and they
strike against the inclined wall or baffle & described with reference to previous
Figures, where a double decomposition and recombination take place and the
resulting gases are consumed.
Figs. 12 and 12A (Sheet 2) shew another modification of a similar
injecting apparatus to that described with reference to the last Figure. In
this case, however, the air orifice c and the tube or passage d are dispensed
with, and the supply of air is taken from that contained in the furnace itself,
the injecting apparatus being placed inside the extreme outer end of the
furnace instead of outside the front of the same.
Fig. 13 is a longitudinal section of the apparatus we prefer to employ for
injecting or feeding liquid and disintegrated fuels and other materials into
furnaces, either in combination or each separately.
a is the pipe or passage for conveying superbeated or other steam to the
feeding or injecting apparatus; a', the nozzle or orifice through which the steam
and liquid fuel issue in combination; a², pipe for conveying superheated or
other steam for injecting air, disintegrated fuel, or other material; a³, slotted
outlet for the emission of steam; b, pipe for supplying liquid fuel to the
feeding apparatus; 6', orifice through which liquid fuel issues, and where it
is combined with the steam; 62, screw valve for regulating the supply of
liquid fuel to each injecting or feeding apparatus; c, annular space for
preventing the conduction of heat from the passage a to the tube b; d,
perforated inclined wall or baffle; d, oblong orifice, through which a current
of air is induced into the furnace by the jet of steam issuing through the
oblong orifice as, and carrying with it the disintegrated fuel or other material;
e, e¹, hopper and pipe for containing and conveying disintegrated fuel or other
material into the passage d¹. The action of the apparatus is as follows:-
Liquid fuel issuing from the orifice 61 is met by and intermingled with the
superheated or other steam from the pipe a, whence it issues through the
orifice a', striking on the baffle d, where it is met by and becomes mixed or

page_text: intermingled with a stream or streams of combined air, steam, and other gases
mixed with disintegrated fuels or other materials. (each of which fuels ors
materials may be separate, or the whole of which may be in combination), such.
disintegrated fuels or other materials being injected or forced through the-
passage d¹ formed in the baffle d. The jet from the orifice a¹ being met as
described by the jet from the horizontal. slit d' is thereby projected into the
furnace or combustion chamber,, where it is thoroughly decomposed and
burnt.
It will be understood that according to this arrangement the liquid fuel is
intermingled with the steam before issuing from the orifice a', and that the
liquid fuel on its passage to the exit is protected from carbonization by the..
annular space c.
Another peculiarity is that the apparatus is so arranged that a jet of
combined steam and liquid fuel is met and projected into the furnace by
another jet composed of superheated or other steam mixed or intermingled
with air or other gases, and disintegrated fuel or other materials, as described..
Fig. 14 is a transverse section of an apparatus to be employed according to
our Invention for injecting or feeding disintegrated fuels and other. ingredients.
to blast and other furnaces.
a is the pipe or passage leading from the hot-air oven or superheater, and
conveying superheated steam intermingled with the gases of acids or liquid.
fuels. bis the pipe for conveying liquid fuel if required to the feeding.
apparatus; b, the orifice through which liquid fuel issues; c is the pipe or
orifice by which waste or other gases, air, and disintegrated: fuel or other
ingredients are conveyed to the feeding apparatus..
5
The action of the apparatus is as follows:-Superheated steam and other
gases passing from the pipe a issue from the orifice a', where they meet with.
the liquid fuel issuing from the orifice 61 (if necessary), and also with the
waste or other gases, air, and disintegrated fuel or other material, and are
projected through the orifice c¹ into the interior of the furnace on. to. the- 3
incandescent fuel, to be there consumed and utilized.
When applied to the blast furnace shewn in Fig. 1 this arrangement of
injecting apparatus dispenses with the ponderous blast engines at present
employed to effect a similar object.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what 3
manner the same may be conveniently carried into effect, we would have it
distinctly understood that we do not confine or limit ourselves to the precise
forms or details herein-before described and illustrated, as the same are capable

page_text: of being variously modified without departing from the distinguishing features
of our Invention, with reference to which we claim,-
Firstly, blowing smelting furnaces, and reducing, carbonizing, or de
carbonizing the iron or other ore, and removing deleterious substances therefrom,
substantially as described.
Secondly, constructing smelting furnaces in two or more parts with
contractions in such manner that the metal may be melted or fluxed in the
upper part or chamber, from whence it descends into the lower chamber or
chambers to undergo such further treatment as may be requisite, substantially
as described.
Thirdly, the use or employment of superheated steam in combination
with waste gases, heated air, and other gases, petroleum, and other ingredients
for the purpose of blowing blast and other furnaces, and thereby enabling
blast engines to be dispensed with, substantially as described.
Fourthly, the construction of injecting or feeding apparatus with flattened
or elliptical orifices or adjustable outlets through which the steam issues in
its passage towards the stream of liquid fuel to be projected into the furnace,
substantially as described.
Fifthly, the use or employment of injecting or feeding apparatus constructed
and placed substantially as shewn in and described with reference to Figs. 12
and 12A (Sheet 2).
Sixthly, the construction of injecting or feeding apparatus with an annular
space, whereby the liquid fuel on its passage to the exit nozzle is protected
from carbonization, substantially as shewn in and described with reference to
Fig. 13 of the accompanying Drawings.
Seventhly, the use or employment of a jet or jets of combined steam and
liquid fuel according to the Specification of Wise, Field, and Aydon's aforesaid
Patent, No. 2661, dated 16th of October 1865, in conjunction with a jet or
jets composed of superheated or other steam mixed or intermingled with air or
other gases and disintegrated fuel or other materials in such manner that the jet
or jets of combined steam and liquid fuel is or are met and projected into
the furnace or combustion chamber by the jet or jets composed of superheated
or other steam mixed or intermingled with air or other gases and disintegrated
fuel or other materials, substantially as described with reference to Fig. 13.
Eighthly, the use or employment in combination with apparatus for injecting
liquid fuels and other ingredients into furnaces of inclined walls, bridges, or
baffles, against which such liquid fuels and other ingredients are projected for
decomposition and combustion, substantially as described.

page_text: Ninthly, constructing pipes of iron lined or coated with fire-clay, plumbago
mixture, or composition, or of iron coated internally with Ransome's patent
silica composition, substantially as and for the purposes herein-before described
and set forth.
In witness whereof, we, the said Enoch Harrison Aydon and Edward
Field, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-eighth day
of September, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
sixty-seven.
E. HARRISON AYDON. (LS.)
EDWARD FIELD.
(L.S.)