Improvements in Cylinders and Pistons for Gas and other Heat Engines.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 27th Sept., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 27th June, 1894-Accepted, 4th Aug., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Cylinders and Pistons for Gas and other Heat
Engines.
We, JOHN VAUGHAN-SHERRIN of No. 55 Stockwell Park Road in the County
of Surrey, Engineer and CHARLES NORMAN GARNER of No. 15 Hilldrop
Crescent, Camden Road in the County of Middlesex Merchant and Contractor, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
According to this invention we obviate the loss of heat and power by conduction
and radiation through the walls of the cylinder and as regards "gas engines" and
other internal combustion engines we do away with the necessity for a water
jacket. For this purpose we construct the cylinder so to say of two parts, viz., the
one in which the explosion takes place and which is made of thick hard stoneware
or earthenware or other suitable non-conductor of heat which may be held in an
outer steel or iron case or cylinder and the other made of cast iron or other suitable
metal, the two parts being fixed end to end. The piston is likewise made in two
parts the one made of hard stoneware or earthenware or other suitable non-conductor
of heat and the other of ordinary metallic construction, the latter working gas-tight
in the metallic part of the cylinder, while the stoneware end works with an easy
or slack fit in the stoneware part or end of the cylinder; but by preference made
so long that it reaches into the latter while at the utmost end of the stroke of the
former. As applied to some forms of existing gas engines we may replace the
present metallic combustion chamber end or casting by a similar part made of
stoneware or the like and by making the adjoining part of the piston of similar
material. Or sometimes we may make the end cover of such material and provide
it with an annular rim which forms a lining in the combustion chamber or such
lining may be fitted to the piston; or the latter may have an annular rim which
works in the aforesaid annular rim on the cover or vice versa.
As applied to steam engines we make the cylinder of thick hard stoneware or
other suitable non-conductor with inner thin steel lining and outer metal casing ;
the piston is also made of non-conducting material or partly of that and partly of
metal and with suitable metallic joint rings or packing rings. The covers would
also be made with thick inner non-conducting lining.
Dated this 27th day of September 1893.
JENSEN & SON,
77, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Patent Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Cylinders and Pistons for Gas and other Heat
Engines.
We JOHN VAUGHAN SHERRIN of No. 3 Codrington Road Ramsgate in the
County of Kent Engineer and CHARLES NORMAN GARNER of No. 15 Hilldrop
Crescent Camden Road in the County of Middlesex, Merchant and Contractor do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
According to this invention we obviate the loss of heat and power by conduction
and radiation through the walls of the cylinder of a gas engine and other internal

page_text: combustion engines and do away with the water jacket whereby the great advantage
is gained that it becomes possible to construct economical compound gas engines
and other internal combustion engines which has hitherto not been possible because
of the too great loss of heat through the water jackets.
The accompanying drawing is a longitudinal section through a gas engine cylinder
with piston constructed according to this invention. The second cylinder of the
compound gas engine would be of similar construction only larger. We construct
the cylinder so to say of two parts viz. the one A in which the explosion takes
place and which is made of thick hard stone- or earthenware or other suitable
non-conductor of beat which is held in an outer steel or iron case or cylinder B,
and the other part C made of cast iron or other suitable metal, the two parts A B
and C being fixed end to end or if desired the part B and C may be cast in one.
The piston is likewise made in two parts, the one D made of hard stone- or
earthenware or other suitable non-conductor of heat, and the other part E of
ordinary metallic construction, the latter working gas-tight in the metallic part C
of the cylinder, but the part D being made so long that it reaches into the part A
(wherein it works with clearance) while at the utmost end of the stroke in the
part C.
Or sometimes we may make the end cover of non-conducting material and provide
it with a deep annular rim which forms a lining corresponding to the lining A in
the combustion chamber.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is:-
In explosive gas engines and other internal combustion engines constructing the
cylinder in two parts, the one being provided with a lining A of suitable heat
non-conducting material within an outer metal casing B, and the other metal part C
wherein the piston works, the piston being provided with a prolongation part D of
suitable heat non-conducting material which works with clearance in the part A,
whereby the use of the water jacket is obviated and it becomes possible to construct
economically working compound engines, substantially as set forth.
Dated this 27th day of June 1904.
JENSEN & SON,
77, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Patent Agents.