IMPROVEMENTS IN ANS, FOR PREVENTING, INDICATING, AND CORRECTING AN UNDUE DEGREE OF SUPERHEATING OF STEAM IN STEAM BOILERS, AND FOR PROMOTING AN EQUALITY OF [Price 8
Year: 1866

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said George Haseltine at the
is
0.0
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and Declaration,
on the 17th October 1866, pursuant to the 9th Section of the Patent
Law Amendment Act, 1852..
i.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
HASELTINE, of the International Patent Office," No. 8, Southampton
Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send
greeting.
MEANS F
WHEREAS: I am in possession of an Invention, for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
ANS, FOR PREVENTING, INDICATING, AND CORRECTING AN UNDUE DEGREE OF
SUPERHEATING OF STEAM IN STEAM BOILERS,, AND FOR PROMOTING AN EQUALITY OF
[Price 8d.]

page_text: TEMPERATURE IN THE PARTS FOR THE MORE ECONOMICAL WORKING THEREOF. AND FOR
THE PREVENTION OF EXPLOSIONS," and have petitioned Her Majesty to grant
unto me, my executors, administrators, and assigns, Her Royal Letters
Patent for the same, and have made solemn Declaration that it has been
communicated to me from abroad by Norman Wiard, of Ancaster, County
of Wentworth, Province of Canada, temporarily residing in the City of
New York, United States of America.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Haseltine, do hereby declare
that the following Complete Specification, under my hand and seal, fully
describes and ascertains the nature of the said Invention,and in what manner
the same is to be performed in and by the following statement, reference
being had to the accompanying Drawings making a part of this Specifica-
tion:-
"
The superheating of steam in steam boilers, due to low water or to the
presence of an uptake" or other heating surface above the water, is
beneficial only when carried to a very slight degree beyond what is necessary
to "dry" the steam. It is frequently the case in practice that boilers allow
the steam to stand in contact with the heating surface for a sufficient period
to become very intensely superheated. This may occur at any time, but
'more especially when the water is low, or when no steam is being drawn
from the boiler in consequence of stoppage of the engine, or when the boilers
are used in sets by a temporary slackening in the production of steam by
one boiler during the process of replenishing the fire or other cause. In
ordinary saturated steam the temperature corresponds necessarily with the
pressure, and there can be no great inequality in the heat at different points
within the steam room; but superheated steam is very different, and the
tendency of the hottest superheated steam to remain in the top of the con-
fining vessel is believed to be the same as that of hot air or other gas.
Intensely superheated steam may thus accumulate quite down to the water
line, and imparting its high temperature to the shell immediately above the
water, while the wet portion is necessarily kept cooler, the unequal expan-
Bion thus concentrated along a narrow line tends to rend the plates, or at
least to contribute very greatly to the strains which induce the destructive
ruptures or explosions of steam boilers. It is believed that most of the
mysterious explosions of boilers which had but a little time before borne
a higher pressure are due to this cause.
The object of my Invention is to contribute to the removal of this strain
by preventing the steam from becoming very highly superheated, restoring it
to its common or saturated condition whenever it chances to become super-

page_text: heated, and by indicating to the eye the exact degree of superheating which
exists, in order that the attendant may recognise the fact and take such
steps as may be advisable to work the boiler to the best advantage.
In this paper the terin "water line" is used to mean the surface of the
water in the boiler, and the term "steam room" to mean all the space
within the boiler above such surface.
The first part of my Invention consists in a method of bringing up a
quantity of water from below the water line and exposing it to the super-
heated steam, so as to present a large surface to the steam to absorb its
heat, and in various mechanical means or apparatus for producing this
result.
The second part of my Invention consists in a method of carrying the
superheated steam down from near the top of the steam room to or below
the surface of the water, in order to impart its surplus heat to the water,
and in mechanical means or apparatus for so operating.
The third part consists in means for connecting the valve which controls
the working of either of the above or analogous apparatus for agitating and
cooling superheated steam, so that said valve shall be opened when the
main throttle valve of the engine is closed, and shall be closed when the
main throttle is opened, and thus ensure its working during the whole
period while the engine is at rest, and its ceasing to work so soon as the
steam commences to be withdrawn by the demands of the engine.
The fourth part consists in means for automatically controlling the action
of such agitating and cooling apparatus by the flow or non-flow of the
steam through the main pipe independently of the position of the throttle
valve, so that the apparatus will be set in motion not only when the throttle
valve is closed, but also at any other period, if any, when the boiler ceases
to deliver steam.
The fifth part consists in an automatic apparatus for setting in motion
either of the above, or analogous means for reducing superheated steam
to common steam whenever the excess of heat exceeds a certain degree.
The sixth part consists in means for adjusting the degree to which the
steam may be allowed to become superheated before the automatic means
for starting the agitating and cooling apparatus will be set in operation.
The seventh part consists in means for leading the hottest steam from
distant parts of the boiler and presenting it to the showering or other cool-
ing apparatus.
The eighth part consists in the combination of two or more such automatic
regulators operated by the degree of the superheating of the steam, arranged

page_text: at different points in the boiler, and properly connected to mechanism for
agitating and reducing the temperature of the superheated steam at another
point in the boiler.
The ninth part consists in holding a considerable quantity of water in a
close vessel in the steam room, and so connected that it shall by reason of
the higher temperature of the superheated steam which encompasses it
generate steam at a higher pressure than that which pervades the boiler,
and shall in addition to the refrigerating effect which this mass constantly
exerts at or near the desired point throw out its contents to agitate and
cool the superheated steam.
The tenth part consists in means for indicating to the eye the extent of
the superheating in any given portion of the boiler by means of a divergence
in the position of two indexes, one of which is moved by the pressure of
the steam and the other by its temperature, the parts being adjusted so that
the indexes shall coincide, or nearly so, so long as the steam remains in
the condition of common or saturated steam, whether its pressure be high
or low.
The eleventh part consists in giving several convolutions to the pipe in the
steam space into which the water is raised to be used as described, and
also in the use of a moveable part connected thereto which will rise and
sink as it is alternately filled and emptied of water, and thus operate the
cocks or valves employed, and also in a three-way cock employed in con-
nection to control the flow of the water.
My Invention further consists in various other.modifications of the details,
the chief of which are means for making the vessel itself rise and sink, in
which the water is held suspended, and for causing the motion to liberate
and confine the steam, so as to empty and fill the vessel properly and rapidly.
I will now proceed to describe what I consider the best mode of carrying
out my Invention, and will afterwards point out the features which I
consider new.
In order that the construction may be fully understood I have annexed
hereto 8 Sheets of illustrative Drawings, and have marked the same with
figures and letters of reference corresponding with those in the following
explanation thereof.
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of a flue boiler such as is in common use
onsteamers provided with my means for bringing up and sprinkling the water
through the steam,and of bringing the superheated steam from different parts
of the boiler to be presented thereto; it also shows on a small scale the means
for obtaining the motive power which may be employed for effecting these

page_text: objects, and the automatic apparatus for setting the device in operation, and
the means for leading the steam to the sprinkler from that portion of the
boiler where the steam is the hottest; Figure 2 is a corresponding Figure
showing means for driving the superheated steam below the water level in
lieu of cooling it above; Figure 3 is an enlarged view of the adjustable device
for setting the agitating and cooling apparatus in action by the high tem
perature of the superheated steam itself, and for stopping its action so soon
as the steam is reduced to a nearly saturated condition; Figure 4 represents
the connection of the throttle valve lever with the sprinkling and blowing
device, so that the same shall be put in operation so soon as the throttle is
closed; Figure 5 represents means of effecting this end, not only when the
throttle is closed but at any other period when by reason of superior firing in
the furnaces of the other boilers of a set or other cause the flow of steam
from this boiler is stopped; Figure 6 represents the apparatus for elevating
and sustaining a quantity of water in a closed vessel immersed in the steam,
with a device for sprinkling therefrom when the superheating has reached an
injurious degree; the water is taken to this vessel from the lowest and
coldest portion of the boiler; Figure 7 represents different means for
accomplishing the elevation of the water and its presentation to the steam at
the times indicated by the automatic regulator; Figure 8 is a front view,
partly in section, showing an instrument or apparatus for indicating to the
eye the extent to which steam is superheated; Figure is a vertical section
of the same; Figure 10 represents a portion of the same disconnected from
the other parts; it represents the parts which receive the action of the steam,
and which indicates the pressure thereof by an appropriate index; Figure 11
represents the remainder of the indicating mechanism disconnected from
the other parts; it represents the parts which are affected by the heat of the
superheated steam, and which indicate the degree of heat by the resulting
expansion; Figures 12, 13, and 14 represent another instrument, showing
the two indexes differing from each other in position, and thereby showing
the extent to which the steam is superhented; this instrument, as also that
above described, is further useful in showing the actual pressure of the steam
and the actual temperature thereof, as well as indicating the extent of the
superheating: Figure 13 shows a front view of a portion of the mechanism;
this is the portion which indicates the heat of the steam; Figure 14 is a
central vertical section through the eutire instrument, and indicates the
position of-the-parts for receiving and indicating the pressure of the steam
similar to an ordinary "Bourdon" gauge as well as those for indicating its
temperature. The additional Figures represent additional modifications of the

page_text: apparatus for preventing the too great superheating, and restoring the proper
condition when it becomes superheated; they will be described at the close
of this Specification. Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding
parts in all the Figures.
Referring to Figure 1, A is the main part of the boiler; A' is the uptake,
or that portion of the chimney which is enclosed within the steam; A³ is the
enclosing dome or steam chimney. The metal of the part A¹ is exposed
on its inner surface to the current of flame or hot gases passing in the
chimney, and on its exterior to the steam, to which latter it constantly imparts
heat; it tends to superheat the steam to a destructive extent at all times,
but under favorable conditions the active circulation of the steam, and
especially the presence of small quantities of water thrown up into the steam,
neutralizes this effect. C is a rotary pump located below the water line, and
connected by the shaft c through a stuffing box to the rotary engine D. The
steam to impel the engine D is received from the interior of the boiler
through the pipe d, and is ultimately discharged into the chimney or into the
atmosphere through the exhaust pipe d¹. There is a pipe c' leading up from
below the water line to a sprinkler c², which is perforated and adapted to
discharge the water in a shower, as represented. The working of the
engine D operates the rotary pump and raises the water in considerable
quantities, which is showered down through the steam, as indicated. The
pump C or the mouth through which it draws the water should be near the
bottom of the boiler, and in the position where it will take the coldest water,
which otherwise might remain undisturbed for a long period.. E is a fan
blower mounted on the shaft c, and rotated therewith; e is a pipe which
allows the access of steam to this blower, and allows it to be driven by the
action of the blower through the pipe e¹ into and among the descending
shower of water from the rose or sprinkler c². The action of a blower on
steam is the same or very nearly the same as on air, the steam being received
at the center of the fan, and discharged tangentially at the periphery. The
quantity of steam worked off or consumed by the engine D to effect these
objects may be very slight, as the water is required to be elevated but a very
little height, and the fan may be driven at a moderate velocity to circulate
the steam as much as may be required There are branches of the pipes d
and e, which extend upward nearly to the top of the steam chimney, so as to
take steam from either of the terminations represented, the purpose of which
will be more fully described below.
Figure 2. In this Figure the general construction of the boiler and the
arrangement of the engine and its connections, and also of the fan blower, is

page_text: the same as before; but the pump and sprinkler are dispensed with, and the¸
steam discharged from the fan bloweris carried below the water by prolonging
the pipe el,and giving it several coils or convolutions below the water surface.
The discharge point or the open end of the pipe e' may be either below or
above the water surface; if it' were below it would ensure a more direct pre-
sentation of the superheated steam to the water, but the power required to
impel the blower would be increased. Where there is sufficient room I
prefer to make the convolutions sufficient to cool the steam through the
metal, and pour 'out the steam freely into the steam room above the water
line.
Figure 3. In this Figure the pipe d', through which the steam is taken to
work the engine D, is controlled by a stop valve d²; this stop valve is opened
or closed whenever the steam exceeds by a certain degree the temperature
due by the pressure. It is well understood that the temperature of steam
varies with its pressure, being greatest when the pressure is highest There
is a certain temperature always corresponding to, or in ordinary language,
"due to," any given pressure; so long as this temperature only obtains in the
steam the steam'is in its ordinary or saturated condition, and my apparatus is
of no effect; but so soon as the proper heat is exceeded to an extent which
may be controlled at pleasure by means of iny automatic apparatus now to be
described the valve d² will be opened, and the engine D will be set in motion
to sprinkle or blow for a time, as above described, and thus reduce the
temperature by imparting the extra heat of the steam to the water in the
boiler. The valve d is firmly supported by the arm a, which is fixed in the
desired position on a rod or slide; the stem of the valve d² is connected by
the two brass rods F1, F2, and the levers G1, G2, which turn ou the ends of a
rigid iron bar H and are connected'at their upper ends to the stout 'brass
bar F. The expansion of the brass rods being greater than the iron, it
follows that each rise of the temperature in the steam which surrounds these
rods elongates the brass rods more than the iron, thus turning the levers Gon
their axes gand the opening the valve d. The tendency of the apparatus so
far as yet described would be to open the valve d³ and set'in operation the
engine D and the connected sprinkler or blowing device by the rise of tem-
perature due to an ordinary rise of pressure in the boiler, even if the steam
were not superheated.
I prevent the action of the devicerexcept when-the-steam-is superheated,
by the following means: J is a lever connected at one end to the adjusting.
screw J', and at the other end to the piston K, which piston is pressed down
by means of the spring L acting through a lever M, as represented. The

page_text: pressure of the steam on the underside of the piston K lifts the latter and
compresses the spring L. The rise of the piston K raises the lever J, and
with it 'the bar F, which is binged thereto by means of the adjusting pin f
as indicated. This combination of devices by raising the lever J as the
pressure increases balances the superior expansion of the brass over the iron,
and renders it of no effect except when the superheating exceeds the proper
amount. When this occurs the piston K will not rise in proportion, and the
expansion of the brass in excess of the iron depresses the stem and opens the
valve d², and sets the engine D and its connected parts inoperation,and keeps
them in operation until the steam is cooled sufficiently, when the valved closes.
Figures 1 and 2 show two complete sets of this apparatus for automatically
setting the engine D in motion; the lowermost is at the base of the steam
chimuey. Where the superheating occurs there the steam to work the small
engine 1, and also the large quantities of steam drawn away by the fan
blower E, will be taken from this part of the steam room, and common steam
from the other parts of the boiler will flow there to supply its place, thus rapidly
removing the source of danger; the uppermost acts with the same effect as
the top of the steam chimuey. In some cases both may be in operation at
the same moment, and steam will then be taken in greater or less quantities
from the bottom and top of the steam chimney. A larger number of these
automatic devices may be employed,if desired,and distributed in other parts
of the boiler. It will be understood that the adjusting screw J' serves to
raise and lower the relatively fixed end of the lever temporarily at will, and
thus enables the engineer to determine if the apparatus is in working order.
By opening the valve d³ when the steam is known to be at the
proper tem-
perature the engine will be put in operation; if then the valve is carefully
closed any increased temperature will operate the devices. It is generally
safe to allow the temperature to rise as high as from thirty to fifty degrees
above that due to the pressure. By adjusting the brass piece F or the
spring L along their respective levers any required degree of superheating
can be secured. A gear wheel m is fixed on a shaft having a weighted
lever m³ attached, as represented; this gear wheel m works into a segment m'
on the extremity of the arm M. The rising of the piston K is resisted not
only by the spring L but by the gravity of this weight m³, the weight m² being
moved inthe arc of a circle,and consequently raised to an extent depending on
the extent of the movement of the piston K. I have devised this as a means
additional to the spring L for properly balancing the pressure of the steam on
the piston K, so as to reduce the motion of the piston K to the proper extent to
coincide,or nearly coincide, with the expansion of the bars F, F1, F2, and to

page_text: insure the receiving of the original position after the pressure is removed.
I do not deem this segment and gear absolutely necessary to the success of
the main features of my Invention, but it may be made to perform an
important part auxiliary thereto.
When my automatic device is worked in a reversed or inclined position,
as in Figures 1 and 2, the weighted arm must be attached to the shaft of
the wheel m in a corresponding position.
Figure 1 represents on a larger scale my means of connecting the valve d²,
which controls the working of the small engine D, by the opening and
closing of the throttle valve. N is the handle or lever by which the throttle
valve is operated; N' is a link which extends from the throttle valve to
the arm Ns of an ordinary stop-cock; this stop-cock opens by the action of
the link N' the moment the throttle valve is closed. This arrangement
ensures that the engine 1 shall start promptly, and the blowing and
pumping devices shall operate continuously during the whole period that
the engine is standing idle. Such an arrangement might consume more
steam than is absolutely necessary, because it compels the working of the
apparatus during some periods while it is not required. It is on this
account less desirable than the automatic device shown in Figures 1, 2,
and 3; its simplicity, however, is a great recommendation.
Figure 5 represents a simple device intended to overcome any objection
to the device shown in Figure 4. It sometimes happens, as before remarked,
that in consequence of superior fire in the other boiler or boilers of a set
the steam may cease to be discharged from one boiler, and a dangerous
condition may obtain there while the throttle valve is open. This arrange-
ment (Figure 5) controls the cock, and consequently the working of the
engine D and the connected apparatus, not by the position of the throttle,
but by the flow or non-flow of steam to the engine. O is the main pipe,
and o is a swinging valve hung on an axis or hinge o¹ near one edge, so that
it will be turned by the passage of the steam. So long as the steam is flowing
through the pipe it maintains the position shown, and the cock d² stands
closed; but so soon as the flow of steam stops under different circumstances
the gravity of the valve o causes it to drop into a perpendicular or nearly
perpendicular position, and this pulls on the arm 02, shown in dotted lines,
and this by the aid of the link N represented opens the stop-cock d³.
Figure 6. This single Figure indicates the position and relation of all the
parts necessary to effect the elevation of the water and its suspension in a
closed vessel, to be showered down when too much heated. The presence of
a considerable mass of water in the top of the steam room tends to render
.

page_text: P
the danger of superheating the steam a much less frequent occurrence.
is a metallic vessel, having an open neck communicating through the shell
of the boiler into a considerable chamber. I will term the hollow space
thus enclosed the chamber P. The pipe p leads from a strainer near the
bottom of the water legs of the boiler, and opens into the chamber P through
a self-acting valve p¹, so that the water is always at liberty to rise but never
to escape downward through this pipe. 23 is a discharge pipe leading from
the base of the vessel P up to a rose sprinkler C2; Q is a valve opening down-
ward;
this valve is held up to its seat by means of a rod q and the weight Q',
which weight is adjustable on one of the arms of a lever q', which passes,
through a stuffing box, as indicated. The weight Q¹ should be so adjusted
relatively to the weight of the valve Q and connection 9, 9', as to hold
the valve Q to its seat with considerable force, the amount of force de-
pending on the degree of superheating which the apparatus is intended to
allow, and the lever on which the counterbalance is placed can be used to
open and shut this valve at will.
R is a hollow sphere of copper adapted
to act as a float; it traverses up and down with rising and sinking of
the surface of the water in the vessel P. Whenever it reaches the bottom
of the vessel P it rests on the flange of the loose tube r, and by the aid of
the connection pulls on the lever 72 represented, and opens the cock r³;
this cock allows the steam to escape freely from the chamber P through the
piper into the atmosphere; so soon as the pressure in the chamber l' is
considerably reduced by the escape of the steam the presence of the steam in
the boiler forces up the water through the pipe p, and fills the chamber P, so
as to raise the float R until it strikes the upper flange on the tube r. In
this condition the gravity of the adjustable weight 5 acts on the cock ³ and
closes it, thus embracing a considerable quantity of water in the vessel P
ready to be raised in temperature by the heat of the steam (if the latter be
in a superheated condition), and consequently (whenever the superheating
exceeds the desired limit) to generate steam and sufficiently increase
the pressure (in the vessel P above that in the boiler) to overcome the
superior gravity of the weight Q', and force down the valve Q, and discharge
the water in a vigorous spray through the rose C³. Immediately on the
emptying of the vessel P in this manner the cock r³ will open, and the water
will rise and again fill the chamber, as before described. This chamber is
⚫capable of many modifications of form and arrangement to adapt it to various
styles of boilers, or to various conditions which may occur in practice. Its
use involves the loss of but a very little steam, and the construction of but
a small amount of working machinery. I prefer to place a glass water

page_text: gauge P' outside the boiler shell connecting with the top and bottom of the
vessel P, as represented, so as to observe the rise and fall of the water therein.
Figure 7 shows a construction which is on some accounts preferable to
either of these above described; it partakes somewhat of the nature of both.
The pipe S, terminating with a sprinkler C², is prolonged and bent in several
convolutions, so as to present a considerable surface to the steam. It is
adapted to receive the water from the lower portion of the boiler and to draw
it rapidly up and fill the coil whenever the cock d² is opened by the expansion
of the apparatus which has been above described. Another cock S' controls
a small passage leading outside of the boiler and terminating in the open air.
When the cock S¹ is opened the steam contained in the coil rapidly escapes
from it and the connected pipe into the atmosphere, and the water rises and
flows along the pipe S. It exerts a refrigerating effect on the pipe, and may
in many cases cool the superheated steam sufficiently by its mere presence
within the coil. In case it does not immediately cool the steam sufficiently it
will fill the entire coil, and in descending at the end will pass the connections
to the pipe S, and descend by gravity and fill the hollow ball S². The moment
this occurs the gravity of the hollow ball thus loaded will cause it to sink,
thereby opening the three-way cock S³, and closing up the cock S¹. The
closing of the cock S¹ prevents the escape of any considerable quantity of
the water from the boiler, and the opening of the cock S³allows a considerable
portion of the water in the coil S to descend through the sprinkler. The
remaining water in the coil will continue to exert its cooling effect on the
steam. A portion of the contents of the hollow ball S2 will flow out through
the sprinkler; the remainder will be soon evaporated if the steam continues
to be in any considerable degree superheated, and after emptying itself
sufficiently the gravity of the weight S4, which may be either sustained as
represented, or hung on an arm on the opposite side of the cock S³, the
hollow ball S³, now lightened, will lift and restore the cocks S¹ and S³ to their
first condition, when the apparatus will be ready to act as before.
It will be obvious that the existence or non-existence of a dangerous
temperature in the steam will be indicated to the attendant engineer by
the successful working of either of the devices above described. The
apparatus shown in Figures 1, 2, and 3 will indicate the existence of a
dangerous temperature by the working of the engine D, which actuates the
means for remedying-that condition. The apparatus shown in Figure 4 will
not serve as means of indicating the condition of the steam, it being always
set in operation by a certain condition of the apparatus, whether that condition
induces superheating of the steam or not; but the apparatus shown in Figure 6

page_text: will indicate the existence of a dangerous condition by the same means which
operate to remedy such condition, that is, the discharging of the steam from
the chamber P into the atmosphere.
These means aresufficient toindicatethat the severalspecies of apparatus are
in good working condition, and that the boiler is making superheated steam so
as to call for their action; but it is obviously desirable to possess means of
ascertaining when the condition of the steam approaches the dangerous degree
of superheating, and of knowing in what condition the steam is worked at all
periods. I have devised for this purpose two varieties of apparatus.
Figures 8,9,10, and 11.-These Figures represent an apparatus in which
two indexes are exhibited in front of a dial. One index moves according as
the pressure of the steam is diminished or increased, the other moves as the
temperature correspondingly fluctuates. The parts are so adjusted that when
the steam is in its saturated condition the two indexes will move nearly or
exactly together. Tis the index for the pressure; it is carried on a shaft t,
on which is fixed a small gear wheel t¹, which meshes into a segment t² of a
large wheel turning on the axis t³; an arm t*, curved as represented, is fixed
on this axis t³, and carries an adjustable block to which is connected by the
link to to a diaphragm t, which is firmly fixed in the casing of the instrument
as represented. The pressure of the steam is admitted from the boiler against the
upper side of this diaphragm, and is resisted by the contracting of the spring,
so that as the pressure of the steam becomes greater the diaphragm will be
forced down and contract this spring, and will thereby depress the arm t¹ and
turn the index T. The adjustability of the block 5 on the curved arm t
allows of the instruments being readily adapted to the use of springs of different
degrees of force, it being difficult to manufacture springs of exactly the
required tension or to maintain the same spring permanently in the same con-
dition for a long term of years; it also serves to adjust to each other the
pressure indicator and the temperature indicator now to be described. U is
the index which shows the temperature; it is mounted on the sleeve u, which
surrounds and turns freely on the shaft t before described. The gear wheel u¹
is fixed on the sleeve u, and meshes into the segment u², which turns on the
center us; alinku4 is attached to the segment u² at the point us, as indicated;
at its opposite end is a block us; this may be adjustable on the curved arm
of the lever u', which is pivoted at u³ to the link u, which latter turns on a
fixed center u; all these parts, as also the casing of the entire instrument
which forms the foundation, is of iron or steel, and is consequently but little
affected by the heat of the steam. The levers are set in. motion by the
superior expansion of brass rods, which are so connected as to impart a con-

page_text: siderable movement to the lever u' by a small expansion of the parts u¹¹, u¹³,
us; these are the three brass rods which form my expansive parts; they are
pivoted together at u14, and to the several iron parts at the other points
represented, that is to say, the link u" is pivoted to the fixed iron bar at the
point us; the link u is pivoted to the same fixed iron bar at the point u¹º,
and the link u³ is pivoted to the lever u' at the point u. The superheated
steam in the boiler is allowed to circulate freely in the interior of the
apparatus, or, still better, the entire apparatus with its case may be let into
the boiler so as to be immersed in the steam at the highest part of the boiler,
or that most liable to contain superheated steam. The dial and the two
indexes of course should be presented outside the boiler, and where they can
easily be seen. As the pressure and the temperature of the steam rises the
indexes T and U move from the left hand around toward the right; they move
together so long as the steam remains in a saturated condition. When the
steam becomes superheated the index U begins to diverge from the index T,
and when, as is frequently the case, the steam is superheated to five hundred
degrees Fah., while the steam pressure is only about forty pounds per
square inch, the indexes will stand widely separated, as represented.
Figures 12, 13, and 14.-In this instrument the index is actuated by the in-
creasing or lessening of the curvature of a bentand flattened tube. Theinstru-
ment is substantially that known as the "Bourdon" steam gauge, and has been
long approved as an instrument of great accuracy and durability in indicating
the steam pressures. The index U is operated by the expansion of a fluid in a
corresponding tube, but the tube U¹, instead of being filled with steam like the
pressure tube T¹, is filled with mercury. The expansion of the mercury, that
within the bent tube itself, as also a further quantity if desired, which may be
contained in a large bottle or other suitable reservoir connected to the tube U¹,
produces the same effect on the curvature of the tube U' as the varying pressure
of the steam in the other tube T, and the coincidence or divergence in the
position of the indexes T and U will indicate the saturated or superheated
condition ofthe steam accordingly. I can substitute the other modes of operating
the temperature indexes, as also make various modifications in the pressure
indicating apparatus, many of which will readily suggest themselves to any
good mechanic.. I propose in some instances to employ a stout bar, made
one side of iron and the other side of brass, as shown by T-mounted by
the side of a flat mercury-tube U, see Figure 14. It-may-be-mounted-
in a similar manner, and the superior expansion and contraction of the
brass side as the temperature rises and sinks will induce a straightening
or the reverse in the bent bar, so as to operate the iudex.
Either

page_text: of these instruments for indicating the degree of superheating may be of
great importance in case the apparatus shown in the other Figures fail to
work; they may also be of importance in experimental tests of various kinds,
in determining what mode of managing the fires and the engines conduces
to avoid or to increase the tendency to a dangerous superheating.
Figure 15 is a side elevation, and Fig. 16 an end elevation of an improved
form of my apparatus designed to overcome a difficulty which may be
experienced in the rise of the preventing and correctingapparatus in the form
above described. The difficulty arises from the slowness with which the cock
which lets out the steam opens and closes. The Figures also show modifi-
.cations of some importance in the means for taking up the water and for
sprinkling it down. The escape cock 3 is not fixed on the shaft of the
lever, but is on a separate turning shaft re, which is provided with a
branching lever r", one arm of which stands always over and the other under
the lever 3. When the latter commences to rise from its lower position, by
reason of the rise of water in the vessel, the cock remains stationary until the
lever has raised to near its extreme highest position, when it suddenly and
with all the momentum due to its accumulated motion strikes the upper
-branch and immediately turns the cock sufficiently to close it. When the
steam has accumulated in the vessel P and driven out the water, so that the
lever 7 moves in the opposite direction, it finally strikes the lower branch
with its accumulated momentum, and thus opens the cock ³ suddenly. P¹ is
a pipe extending a considerable distance along the surface of the water;
through this warm pipe the water is led on its way to the vessel P, so
that it is certain to obtain the temperature due to the pressure. There are
perforated dishes or broad plates with rims p³, upon which the water falls
from the strainer c and is detained, so as to ensure its more effectual
absorption of heat from the superheated steam.
Figure 17 shows another modification designed to secure in a still higher
degree the sudden opening and closing of the escape cockr³. An arm 78 on the
cock 13 is connected by a slotted link to a loose weighted arm or tumbling
bob 10, which is mounted with liberty to turn to a certain limited extent on
the shaft of the lever. As the latter turns by the rise of the float R a stop
thereon carries the tumbling bob 710 up to and past its perpendicular position,
when the latter immediately precipitates forward at a still higher velocity by
its gravity, and the slotted link now acts on the cock r³, turning it suddenly
and closing it. On the return movement of the lever the tumbling bob
is again lifted and caused to tumble in the opposite direction and suddenly
close, the valve 3. The Figure also shows a long horizontal extension of the

page_text: upper portion of the chamber P, which in addition to increasing the surface
may perform au important function by receiving a quantity of water when
the vessel P is nearly full, thus rapidly cooling the material of which it is
composed, and more rapidly generating the surplus pressure which expels
the water; this horizontal extension is indicated by P2, and may be con-
veniently formed of a metal pipe with a closed end; it receives heat from
the superheated steam in proportion to its coolness. A check valve mounted
at the point near the sprinkler, and presenting as usual a larger area on
its upper than on its under face, may serve to prevent the influx of the
steam through the sprinkler and its connections when the cock 3 is open,
and to compel the proper superheating of the steam before the sprinkler c³
commences to operate; this valve p' may be also loaded by weights not
represented, which may be adjustable or changeable. This check valve so
arranged by dispensing with the lever 9 and its connections (see Figure 15)
considerably simplifies the mechanism,
Figure 18 represents still another modification of the apparatus. As most
of the parts have been described before and perform the same functions the
novelties-alone need be described. 3 is a double-seated or balance poppet
valve which controls the escape of steam from the chamber; it slides to a
limited extent, say about one-eighth of an inch vertically, being open when in
its lowest position. q², q³, are weighted levers which press against inclined
surfaces 93
on the side of the hollow stem of the valve, the inclination being
such as to easily hold the valve in any position where it is placed; the friction
is sufficient to prevent its being moved by jarring. When the float R rises
the vertical rod slides freely in the hollow stem of the valve r until the
stop strikes and closes said valve; when the float sinks the stop 7th on the
upper end of the rod acts correspondingly to depress and open the valve 1³.
Figure 18 shows also on a minute scale a very simple means for maintaining
an empty condition of the float R. It is well known that water is liable to
enter the tightest hollow float; I provide for ejecting considerable quantities
so as to maintain the float in an empty condition even if the leakage be con-
siderable. V is a tube extending downward from the bottom, and which
serves as a guide for the float R; V¹ is a smaller pipe leading from near the
bottom of the neck V to the exterior of the float at the top. The connection
of the rod before described shields the mouth of this tube, leaving only a
small lateral opening through which water may be ejected or steam may enter,
as indicated by the arrow. When by any chance water accumulates within
the float its temperature is raised while subjected to the pressure due to the
superheated steam, so that on the opening of the discharge valve, 2ª³ the

page_text: sudden diminution of pressure within the chamber P allows the steam
within the float to drive up and expel all the water from the float before the
water of the boiler can traverse through the more extended passages and
restore the pressure. This Figure 18 also shows a globular vessel Y, which
stands between the surface of the water and the vessel P, which has the
effect to retard the flow of the water by well-known laws, and also to secure
a supply of heated water for the chamber P.
Figure 19 shows some modification of the details with which-the elevated
parts of the apparatus outside of the boiler are protected by an external
casing. A lever and cord is introduced in order to operate the Invention
by hand when desired; there are also two globes introduced between the
water line and the elevated chamber, in which the water will be heated
very nearly to the temperature of the superheated steam before rising into
the chamber proper so as to operate the float. It may be desirable in many
situations to provide means for agitating the contents of the boiler and for
showering water through the highly heated steam by hand power, or by a
small steam engine or analogous device mounted outside of the shell of the
boiler. Small engines so situated may be adapted to be used, at will for
this or for other useful purposes, such as blowing the fire, feeding the
boiler, or even ringing alarm bells, pumping water into a tank, or pumping
from the bilge of a vessel when used on shipboard.
Figure 20 indicates the general arrangement of a hand pump and con-
nections adapted to be used for the purpose of raising water from the lower
part of the boiler and conducting it into the steam space. Whenever the
engineer discovers by the aid of my indicator or by other means that the
steam is becoming too highly superheated, he operates the pump by the aid
of the lever, and the sprinkling of the water into the steam cools the steam
directly and agitates both the steam and the surface of the water, so that a
proper equilibrium is restored. This pump may be operated by a steam
engine or other convenient means instead of a hand lever as above suggested.
Figure 21 shows a provision for simply agitating the surface of the water.
A wheel is mounted in the interior connected by a slender shaft through a
stuffing box to a crank outside, by turning which the water is agitated and
thrown up into the steam. A rotary or other engine may be substituted for
the hand crank if desired.
Figure 22 shows a provision for bringing down the steam from the most
heated portion of the boiler and presenting it to the water, so as to carry its
heat thereto by means of apparatus outside the boiler. A fan blower or other
efficient apparatus is turned by hand or by steam power arranged to be

page_text: controlled by an automatic device above described, or otherwise, and by its
means a strong current of steam is drawn through a spacious pipe from near
the upper portion of the steam chimney, and discharged through suitable
pipes or the like entering at a low point in the boiler, so that it shall impart
the surplus heat of the steam to the water. One great advantage due to
maintaining either of these forms of apparatus outside the boiler lies in the
fact that by the employment of suitable stop-cocks or equivalent valves
at or near the points where the pipes connect to the boiler at the top and
bottom the communication between the apparatus and the boiler may be
entirely closed at will, and the apparatus may then be opened and inspected,
or cleaned, or adjusted, or repaired, as may be required, while the pressure
in the boiler may be maintained as usual.
Figures 23 and 24 represent modifications of my apparatus adapted to
[locomotives. Figure 23 shows the elevated vessel containing the float and
the attachments mounted in the interior of the sand box, while the sprinkling
devices are in the steam dome. In case there are two steam domes, as on
some locomotive boilers, the elevated vessel may be fixed in one of these
domes and the sprinkling apparatus in the other. In order to avoid the
necessity for sprinkling in the dome i can if preferred lead the water from
iny elevated vessel along one or more perforated pipes in the upper part of
the barrel of the boiler, extending the same each way from the elevated
vessel, as shewn in red lines in Figures 20 and 21. Figures 23 and 24 also
show two stop valves, with the addition of a blow-off valve, by means of
which the apparatus may be blown through, or the water may be blown
directly from the boiler, as may be preferred.
Figure 25 represents a modification of the details of the apparatus which
I esteem greatly preferable to any other in one important point, to wit, the
vessel itself moves up and down according as it is filled and emptied, and
no float is required. The 'Drawings show the arrangement very clearly.
Figure 25 is a section of a small portion thereof on a larger scale. 1 is the
vessel in which the water is held in the midst of the steam; if the steam is
too highly superheated it will generate a higher pressure therein, and force up
the water; through an internal pipe 2, and sprinkle-it down through the steam
and cool it...When the vessel 1 is thus lightened to a certain extent its
weight is overbalanced by the weight 3, but it will not rise until it is so
greatly lightened that the superior gravity of the weight 3 is effective to force
outward the V-shaped link 4, which is connected to the arm 5, and urged
inward.by the spring:6; when this moves outward enough to pass the roller 7
the weight 3 descends, and the vessel 1 rises, the pipe S fixed to the vessel 1

page_text: being connected to the arm 9, and sliding within a stuffing box 10. It will
be of course understood that the shaft 11 supports three arms, one the arm 9
within the casing and connected to the vessel within the boiler, another the
arm which carries the weight 3, and the third the arm 5. The rise of the
vessel is accompanied by the rise of the arm 5; to this latter is connected
the V-shaped link 4, and also the vertical sliding rod 12, which gives motion
to a thick box 13, which encloses and slides steam-tight on the outside of the
square pipe 14. The box 18 has a hollow or cavity at one point, and the
pipe 14 is completely stopped at one point as indicated, and provided with
side openings just above and below said stop. Now the rise of the vessel 1
carries up the box 18, so as to enclose both these apertures within its hollow
or cavity, which immediately puts the apertures in communication. In this
position of the parts the steam from the interior of the vessell escapes through
the pipe 8 and the pipe 14. The check valve 15 now prevents any influx to
the vessel 1 through the pipe 2, but the check valve 16 allows water to rise
through the pipe 17 and again fill the vessel 1. When it has been nearly
filled its gravity overcomes all the obstacles and causes it to descend and
restore all the parts to their first condition. The V-shaped part 4 and
spring 6 hold the vessel 1 down till it has emptied so much as to move
suddenly to its highest position, and afterwards hold it up until it is heavy
enough to move with force to the bottom of its motion; its usual position is
down; it will only rise in the supposed rare case of a highly superheated
condition of the steam. I have in an experimental boiler having 70 square
feet of heating surface above the water line caused a vessel thus constructed
and arranged to empty itself and refill again every four minutes with con-
siderable regularity for a long period, meanwhile holding the steam at the
desired degree of superheating, and preventing any parts from being injured
by the heat.
I have succeeded by the aid of the apparatus herein described in
maintaining a temperature in the interior of a boiler sufficiently uniform for
safe practice, while the quantity of water in the boiler is less than one-
twentieth of that necessary to cover the heating surface, the boiler being
specially devised to test the utility of my Invention as severely as possible.
Having now fully described my Invention, what I claim as new therein
and desire to secure by Letters Patent is,-
First, I claim the within described method of reducing the temperature
of superheated steam by sprinkling or pouring the water of the boiler into
or through the steam, substantially in the same manner and for the purpose
berein specified.

page_text: Second, I claim the within described method of reducing the temperature
of superheated steam by bringing the steam down to or below the water
level, substantially in the manner and for the purpose herein specified.
Third, 1 claim the combination of the main throttle valve with a small
valve for controlling the above action, so that the action of my device will be
stopped while the throttle is open and resumed when the throttle is closed.
Fourth, I claim automatically controlling the action of my device by the
flow and non-flow of the steam to the engine, substantially as represented
in Figure 5.
Fifth, I claim the within described means for automatically starting.and
stopping the action of apparatus for agitating and cooling superheated
steam, according as the heat of the steam itself exceeds or corresponds
with the temperature due to the pressure of the steam, substantially in the
manner and for the purpose herein set forth.
Sixth, I claim adjusting the degree to which the steam may be allowed
to become superheated, substantially as represented in the above Figures.
Seventh, I claim leading the steam from different parts of the boiler to
be presented to the showering or analogous device for reducing the tempera-
ture of superheated steam, substantially as specified.
Eighth, I claim the employment of two or more automatic regulators
arranged at different points in the boiler in combination with mechanism
for reducing the temperature of the steam, with or without pipes or passages
for conducting the steam to the cooling mechanism from the localities where
the superheating is greatest.
Ninth, I claim holding a quantity of the water in a close vessel above the
water line, and so connected that it shall discharge the whole or a portion of
its contents into the steam space to agitate and cool the superheated steam
whenever the pressure in such closed vessel rises much above that due to
the pressure in the boiler, substantially as herein specified.
Tenth, I claim operating two movable indexes in combination, the one
indicating the pressure and the other the temperature of the steam, so as
to show by their coincidence or divergence whether steam is saturated or
superheated, and to what extent, substantially as herein specified.
Eleventh, I claim giving the pipe S several convolutions in the steam
space, so that the cooling of the pipe itself by the rising of the water into
the same may be more efficient in lowering the temperature of the super-
heated steam.
I also claim in combination with a pipe, coiled or otherwise elongated
within the steam space as specified, the employment of a movable part

page_text: connected to the escape cock S¹ or its equivalent, so that the filling-of the
movable part with water shall close the discharge cock.
I also claim the three-way cock S³, arranged as represented relatively
to the convoluted pipe-S, the movable part S³, a discharging passage S¹,
and sprinkling device C³.
I also claim the several further novel constructions and arrangements
of the details of.the apparatus described, adapted for operation as herein
specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Haseltine, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twelfth day of October, A.D. 1866.
GEORGE HASELTINE. (L.S.)
Witness,
WM. ROBT. LAKE,
No. 8, Southampton Buildings,
.W.C.