IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR INJECTING AND REDUCING LIQUIDS TO A STATE OF SPRAY OR MINUTE SUBDIVISION
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Edward Newton, of the Office for Patents,
66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer,
for the Invention of "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR INJECTING AND REDUCING
LIQUIDS TO A STATE OF SPRAY OR MINUTE SUBDIVISION."-A communi-
cation from abroad by Alcide Sanial du Fay, of Paris, in the Empire
of France.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Edward Newton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 7th March 1870.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Ohancery
5 Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR INJECTING

page_text: AND REDUCING LIQUIDS TO A STATE OF SPRAY OR MINUTE SUBDIVISION," to be
as follows:-
This apparatus consists of a tube or close vessel to which the liquid
is supplied under pressure, so that when it escapes through a series of
holes pierced diagonally in a plate which closes the ends of the tube or
vessel the jets may strike against each other with force, and the liquid
.be thereby minutely subdivided. The jets are preferably disposed in sets
and are so arranged that they will form the sides of a cone or pyramid,
the apex of which will be outside the pierced plate, and will be the
point where the liquid will be converted into spray.
The improved apparatus may be applied for various useful purposes,
such as for cooling the temperature of the air in rooms, condensing
steam or vapours, damping substances, or minutely subdividing chemical
solutions or medicinal liquids for sanitary purposes, or for producing a
humid atmosphere in greenhouses, conservatories, or gardens.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Edward Newton in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 7th September 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of March, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-
third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said William Edward Newton, Her special
licence that I, the said William Edward Newton, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William Edward Newton,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
“IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR INJECTING AND REDUCING LIQUIDS TO A STATE OF

page_text: SPRAY OR MINUTE SUBDIVISION," being a communication to me from abroad
by Alcide Sanial du Fay, of Paris, in the Empire of France, upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said William Edward. Newton,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my,
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent..
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Edward Newton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, reference being had to the Drawing
hereunto annexed,. and to the letters and figures marked thereon
(that is to say):—
The apparatus which forms the subject of the present Invention has
for its object to effect the minute subdivision of liquids and reduce them
to a state of fine spray. This result is now only obtained by operating
upon small quantities of liquid at a time with the assistance of a
relatively large volume of air or steam..
The arrangement of apparatus which constitutes the present Invention
is extremely simple, and does not require the assistance of a large body
of air.
In the accompanying Drawing I have shewn an arrangement of parts
for effecting the desired object..
Fig. 1 represents a vertical section of the apparatus ;. Fig.. 2 is an
outside elevation of the same; and Fig. 3 is a plan or top view..
A, A, is a tube or cylinder, to which is supplied the liquid under
pressure. At its lower end is secured a plate or bottom m in any
suitable and convenient manner to obtain a secure and tight joint. Thus,
for example, a screw cap E may be used to press and bind the plate m
against the tube A, and thus form a tight joint by simple contact if care
be taken to fit the surfaces accurately. It will be seen that it is
extremely easy to clean and replace the plate m when required. This
plate is pierced with a number of holes o in an oblique direction, which
produce as many little streams which will converge at an angle of about
forty-five degrees. The effect of this arrangement will be that (under

page_text: the pressure imparted thereto) the liquid in escaping through the holes
will produce jets, which will form the lines of a pyramid either of a
triangular, quadrangular, or other form, according to the number of
holes in the plate. The apex of this pyramid is the point where these
jets (which issue with great velocity) meet, and by striking with force
against each other become broken up, and the liquid is reduced to a fine
spray. The plate may be of any convenient thickness, and is not
necessarily flat or made of metal. The important point is to make the
holes convergent. Instead of the jet holes shewn in the Figure re-
moveable nipples or jets of any suitable section and made of glass or
other suitable material may be employed. Two streams will be sufficient
to produce the subdivision or pulverization of the liquid, but three or
more will more regularly scatter or disseminate the spray. Under the
same pressure the diameter of the holes will of course govern the
quantity of liquid discharged. If required several apparatus may be
arranged to work side by side or a plate of sufficient size may be pierced
with several sets of holes. so as to produce the desired quantity of spray..
The purposes to which this apparatus may be applied are numerous.
First. In engines with close fire-places where the vaporization of the
water is effected by the injection of the water into an atmosphere of the
heated gases above the fire-place experience has shown that this system
of injection (which admits of supplying the exact quantity of water) is
the only one with which an immediate, complete, and uniform vaporization
of the water can be obtained.
Second. This improved spray apparatus may be applied with success :
to the condensation of different vapours or gases, more particularly of
steam in condensing engines. The minute subdivision of the condensing
liquid increases very considerably the surface of contact with the steam
and renders the condensation more rapid. Moreover it is evident that
the quantity of water required to be injected is less, and the volume of a
air introduced is equally small as in the arrangements of apparatus now
in use. This improved system therefore constitutes a means of improving
one of the most important parts of condensing engines.
Third. A very great reduction in the temperature of the air is obtained
when on its passage it is subjected to the action of the spray or finely 3
divided water. As this reduction of temperature of the air is the result
of the vaporization of the water, the apparatus may be employed for the

page_text: very important purpose of ventilating rooms, theatres, hospitals, and
other buildings. After having cooled the air only the desired amount
of moisture may be retained by passing the air over substances which -
have a strong affinity for water, such as quicklime, or chloride of
calcium.
Fourth. The principle of action for sensibly lowering the temperature
of the air may be very advantageously employed in the manufacture of
beer.
'
Fifth. In the inhaling rooms of thermal establishments the improved
apparatus may be advantageously employed in place of the jets of water
which are made to fall in the form of cascades for facilitating the
disengagement of the gases. It may also be employed as a douche in
the hydropathic treatment of diseases.
Sixth. Many attempts have been made of late years to employ mineral
oils as fuel in steam engines. I reserve to myself the right of supplying
by means of the improved apparatus the oil as a fuel for ordinary boilers
or in close fire-places, as the apparatus admits of regulating the quantity
of oil supplied with perfect accuracy, and it renders the combustion
easier and more complete.
Seventh. The apparatus may be used for damping substances which it
may be desired simply to impregnate with humidity, and also in other
cases in which it may be desired to incorporate therewith a salt dissolved
in water. By means of the apparatus very bulky jets of spray may be
produced with a small supply of water, and this spray may be used for
watering lawns or flower beds or borders, or syringing and supplying
moisture to the foliage of shrubs or plants.
Eighth. I also employ the apparatus for the concentration of syrups
or sugar juice by the cold process by submitting them in the form of
spray or in a finely divided state to a current of air produced either
by a fan blower, the draft of a chimney, or in any other convenient
manner.
Having now described the Invention which has been communicated
to me by my foreign correspondent, and having explained the manner
of carrying the same into effect, I claim as the Invention secured to
me by Letters Patent as aforesaid, the apparatus herein shewn and
described, or any mere modification thereof, for reducing liquids to a

page_text: state of minute subdivision or fine spray, as and for the purposes herein
set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Newton, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, the Seventh day of September, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.