IMPROVEMENTS IN STRAM BOILERS AND APPARATUS FOR UTILIZING WASTE HEAT FROM BOILER FURNACES ON LAND AND SEA, AND IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACE DOORS AND HOT AIR TUBE, ALSO TO UTILIZE THE HEAT IN THE FLUES AND CHIMNIES, AND FOP OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Rydill, of 20, Maze Pond, Southwark, in
the County of Surrey, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN STRAM
BOILERS AND APPARATUS FOR UTILIZING WASTE HEAT FROM BOILER FURNACES
ON LAND AND SEA, AND IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACE DOORS AND HOT AIR
TUBE, ALSO TO UTILIZE THE HEAT IN THE FLUES AND CHIMNIES, AND FOP
OTHER PURPOSES,'
"
Sealed the 14th October 1878, and dated the 4th August 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Rydill at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th August 1878.
I, GEORGE RYDIL, of 20, Maze Pond, Southwark, in the County of
3 Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS AND Apparatus for UTILIZING WASTE HEAT FROM
BOILER BURNACES ON LAND AND SEA, AND IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACE DOORS AND
HOT AIR TUBE, ALSO TO ÚTILIZE THE HEAT IN THE FLUES AND CHIMONIES, AND¨FOR
OTHER PORPOŠES,” to be as follows :——

page_text: boiler tube or tubes for generating steam, heating water, warming and
drying purposes, and improving the construction of furnace doors and
hot air tube, which boiler possesses great. strength and great heating
surface both in the tubes and round the flues, which improvements are
a combination of my Patented Inventions, dated December 28th, 1872,
No. 3938; January 28th, 1873, No. 329; January 31st, 1873, No. 376,
and February 24th, 1873, No. 691, also to utilize the heat in the flues
and chimneys for warming and drying purposes.
This Invention of improvements is to construct a boiler of great
strength capable of working at a high pressure, easily cleaned and
repaired, and the tubes forming stays to the boiler from one end to the
other, and for marine purposes; being short boilers small tubes may be
placed in the large tubes similar to those tubes in a locomotive or marine
boiler, with the exception that at each end of the tubes a space for the
products of combustion is left, so that the products can pass from one
boiler tube to another and then through the smaller tubes, so that a
boiler constructed on this principle causes almost the whole of the steam
raising heat to be abstracted from the products of combustion.
But in order to make my Invention clear I will explain it has a land
boiler. I construct a steam boiler which will retain the heated products
of combustion within the boiler casing or outer shell from one tube to
another, so that a boiler having an outer casing or shell of seven feet in
diameter and thirty feet long may retain three tubes thirty feet long and
two feet nine inches in diameter, containing one fire-box either within
the tube or the fire-box may be connected to the boiler in front or at
any other convenient place; but to cause it to be understood I place the
fire-box in the right hand tube nine feet in length, the usual length, and
the heated products pass along the tube; to near the back end, but
instead of the heated products passing out at the end of the boiler tube,
as is the case with Cornish and Lancashire boilers, the tube end is
bricked up or made up air-tight with a metal door, or it may be entirely
closed with a water space, and a communication being formed connecting
the right and left hand tubes together the heated products of combustion
pass into the left hand tube. The back and front ends of this tube are
made up as in the right hand tube, and the heated products pass from
the back end of this second tube to near the front end of the boiler, a
communication having been formed from this second tube with a third
tube standing over and betwixt the right and left hand tube; the

page_text: products of combustion pass into the third tube. The front end of this
tube is also made up with brick or a tight-fitting door, or a water space.
The heated products of combustion pass on to the back end of the boiler
tube, so that instead of the products of combustion only travelling thirty
feet through the boiler tube, such is made to travel ninety feet, or even.
greater lengths it may be made to travel, providing the boiler is large so
as to retain more tubes, or tubes of a smaller diameter may be intro-
duced. The object and advantage being over other boilers is to obtain
an extra return tube or tubes over those boilers now in use in order to
utilize the heat, but I have named an ordinary diameter and length of a
land boiler, but the extra returned tube or tubes as named may be
carried out in a boiler of any form or diameter containing any number
of furnaces, but very large boilers are obliged to have flat surfaces and
stays. I therefore prefer the smaller circular diameter of boiler on land
and sea for obtaining high pressure, and a better construction of boiler
and safety is the result; and, as stated, when the products of combustion
leave the last boiler tube at the back they are made to pass down the
left hand side flue, and this boiler rests upon a metal frame or gantry,
and an opening being left at the front end of the gantry the products of
combustion pass into a flue on the right hand side of the boiler on their
way to the chimney.
The heated products being retained in the tubes for such a long
length causes this boiler to be a smokė-consuming boiler, as the heated
products are not cooled down by at once leaving the fire and acting
upon outer brickwork, as is now the case.
The top tube of the three in the boiler may be so placed as to be only
partially surrounded by water and the rest part of the tube with steam,
so that it tends slightly to dry the steam a little; or one tube may be
placed near the bottom of the boiler and one on each side of the bottom
tube, so that all the tubes are under water, and the fire may be in one of
the top tubes or in the bottom tube. This arrangement of boiler causes
the water to have a quick circulation; or I place a fire in two of the
tubes and convey the products of combustion into the third and
causes the heated products to pass round the boiler.
When desirable I construct a furnace with a feeding hopper at the
end of this boiler or at the side, and so constructed as to have the fire
fed and burning under pressure. By closing the fire-hole door, ash-pit
door, and ash-pit, also the hopper lid, and forcing air to the fire through

page_text: an air tube fixed in the ash-box by means of an air pump or blowing
engine, and a boiler so constructed and fed, I connect the last boiler
tube to a chamber containing water, and divisions attached to the tube.
Leading into this chamber are valves opening upwards, so that the
products of combustion are brought in contact with the water in the
chamber for raising steam and for obtaining motive power, heating and
drying purposes, by causing the heated products to be thrown in con-
nection with water under pressure; or I cause the products of combustion
to pass through or betwixt a well made air-tight jacketed vessel or
cylinder fixed in a flue or chimney to be heated by the products of com-
bustion, or heated by steam or hot air, and fixed at any convenient place
to be heated by exhaust steam, or steam and air combined, and: from this
jacketed vessel or cylinder I fix a pipe leading. into a cistern of cold
water or to a room or any other place-or-places-for-the-purposes-of
heating, warming, and drying. The pipe which is attached to the jacketed
vessel or cylinder forms a conducting and return pipe from and to the
jacketed vessel or cylinder, and a regulating valve is fixed at the end of
the return pipe, opening downwards or upwards as required, or the pipe
or pipes may on leaving the jacketed vessel or cylinder be conducted
round a room or rooms, and the end of each pipe terminating and
being connected to some elevated air-tight reservoir, which reservoir
communicates with the air-tight jacketed vessel or cylinder by means of
a pipe. Into this hollow jacketed vessel or cylinder I pour bi-sulphide of
of carbon, ether, aldehyde, alcohol, chloroform, essences of benzine or
benzole, or other liquid or fluids, and close the valve, so that all is air-
tight. A safety valve is placed at any convenient place either on the
vessel or to a pipe connected with the jacketed vessel, and the heat in
the flue or chimney passing through the vessel raises the temperature of
the bi-sulphide of carbon, and instantly it rushes through the pipes
carrying the heat which it has taken up for warming rooms, drying, or
other purposes, and on reaching the reservoir it becomes partially
condensed, and is returned by its own weight into the hollow jacketed
cylindrical vessel to be again heated, or the pipes from the hollow
jacketed cylindrical vessel may go from and return direct to the vessel;
so in this manner that which is now waste heat can be made use of or 3
wholly taken hold of to heat water and for other purposes.
As this boiler is intended to be a perfect smoke-consuming boiler I
form a hollow fumoon d
2 19

page_text: splay:inwards, and at the top of the door frame is an opening and a
metal.air.tube containing a balanced damper. This hot air tube extends
to the top of boiler or to the side to conduct hot or warm air to the top
side-of the fire in order to consume the smoke.which may, have collected
about the boiler; and to this boiler. may be fixed.a. boiler as a feed water
boiler or sediment.collector.
And in order to utilize the heat in dwelling houses of gas lights or
from mineral or vegetable oils, also the heat in the chimneys and flues,
I place round or in the chimney or flue, or over or round the gas or
other lights which gives out heat, a hollow jacketed cylinder or other
shaped vessel, or a coiled pipe or pipes, which jacketed cylindrical vessel
or coil of pipes are attached to other pipes, which are carried round a
room or rooms and connected at the top and bottom of the hollow jacketed
vessel or coiled pipe, and at any convenient place is fixed to the pipe or
´pipes a safety valve anda tap or valve, and I pour into the hollow
jacketed cylindrical vessel or coiled pipe through the valve or tap bi-
sulphide of carbon, ether, aldehyde, alcohol, chloroform, essences-of
benzine or benzole, or I pump in air or gas or other liquids in fluids,
and the heat from the fire or gas raises for instance the temperature of
the bi-sulphide of carbon, and is caused to pass through the pipe or pipes
for warming and drying purposes, and again enters the vessel or coiled
pipe at the bottom to be again raised in temperature.
SPECIFICATION¨ in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said George Rydill in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 31st January 1874.
TO: ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
RYDILL, of 20, Maze Pond, Southwark, in the County of Surrey, send
greeting.
WHEREAS. Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
› Letters-Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of August, in the year of
our-Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the thirty-
seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said George Rydill, Her special licence.
that. I, the said. George Rydill, my executors, administrators, and..

page_text: assigns, or such others as I, the said George Rydill, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter luring the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM
BOILERS AND APPARATUS FOR UTILIZING WASTE HEAT FROM BOILER FURNACES ON
LAND AND SEA, AND IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACE DOORS AND HOT AIR TUBES, ALSO
TO UTILIZE THE HEAT IN THE FLUES AND CHIMNIES, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES,”
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said George Rydill, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Rydill, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
This Invention relates to an improved steam boiler or generator and
apparatuses for utilising the heat both in the boiler and after it leaves
the boiler tube or tubes, for generating steam, heating water, warming
and drying purposes, and improving the construction of furnace doors
and hot air tube, which boiler possesses great strength and great heating
surface both in the tubes and round the flues, which improvements are
a combination of my Patented Invention, dated December 28th 1872,
No. 3938; January 28th 1873, No. 329; January 31st 1873, No. 376;
and February 24th 1873, No. 691; also to utilise the heat in the flues
and chimneys for warming and drying purposes.
This Invention of improvements is to construct a boiler of great
strength capable of working at a high pressure easily cleaned and
repaired, and the tubes forming stays to the boiler from one end to the
other and for marine purposes; being short boilers small tubes may be
placed in the large tubes similar to those tubes in a locomotive or marine
boiler with the exception that at each end of the tubes a space for the
products of combustion is left, so that the products can pass from one
2

page_text: boiler tube to another, and then through the smaller tubes so that a
boiler constructed on this principal causes almost the whole of the steam
raising heat to be abstracted from the products of combustion.
But in order to make my Invention clear I. will explain it as a land
boiler: I construct a-steam boiler which will retain the heated products
of combustion within the boiler casing or outer shell from one tube to
another, so that a boiler. having an outer casing or shell of seven feet in
diameter and thirty feet long may retain three tubes thirty feet long, and
two feet nine inches in diameter containing one fire-box either within
the tube, or the fire-box may be connected to the boiler in front or at
any other convenient place, but to cause it to be understood I place the
fire-box in the right-hand tube nine feet in length, the usual length, and
the heated products pass along the tube to near the back end, but
instead of the heated products passing out at the end of the boiler tube
as is the case with Cornish and Lancashire boilers, the tube and is
bricked up or made up air-tight with a metal door or it may be entirely
closed with a water space, and a communication being formed con-
necting the right and left-hand tubes together the heated products of
combustion pass into the left-hand tube. The back and front ends of
this tube are made up as in the right-hand tube, and the heated
products pass from the back end of this second tube to near the front
end of the boiler, a communication having been formed from this second
tube with a third tube standing over and betwixt the right and left-
the
hand tube, the products of a combustion pass into the third tube;
front end of this tube is also made up with brick or a tight fitting door
or a water space, the heated products of combustion pass into the back
end-of the boiler tube so that instead of the products of combustion only
travelling thirty feet through-the boiler tube, such is made to travel
ninety-feet, or even-greater lengths it may be made to travel, providing
the boiler is large so as to retain more tubes, or tubes of a smaller
diameter may be introduced. The object and advantage being over
other boilers is to obtain an extra return tube or tubes over those boilers
now in use in order to utilize the heat, but I have named an ordinary
diameter and length of a land boiler, but the extra returned tube or
tubes as named may be carried out in a boiler of any form or diameter
containing any number of furnaces, but very large boilers are obliged to
have flat surfaces and stays, I therefore prefer the smaller circular
diameter of boiler on land and sea for obtaining high pressure and a

page_text: better construction of boiler and safety is the result, and as stated when
the products of combustion leave the last boiler tube at the back they
are made to. pass down the left-hand side flue, and this boiler rests upon
a metal frame or gantry, and an opening being left at the front end of
the gantry the products of combustion pass into a flue on the right-
hand side of the boiler in their way to the chimney.
The heated products being retained in the tubes for such a long
length causes this boiler to be a smoke consuming boiler as the heated
products are not cooled down by at once leaving the fire and acting
upon outer brickwork as is now the case.
The top tube of the three in the boiler may be so placed as to be only
partially surrounded by water and the rest part of the tube with steam,
so that it tends slightly to dry the steam a little, or one tube may be
placed near the bottom of the boiler and one on each side of the bottom
tube, so that all the tubes are under water and the fire may be in one of
the top tubes or in the bottom tube. This arrangement of boiler causes
the water to have a quick circulation; or I place a fire in two of the tubes
and convey the products of combustion into the third tube, and causes
the heated products of combustion to pass round the boiler.
When desirable I construct a furnace with a feeding hopper at the
end of this boiler or at the side, and so constructed as to have the fire
fed and burning under pressure by closing the fire hole down, ash-pit
door, and ash-pit, also the hopper lid, and forcing air to the fire through
an air tube fixed in the ash-box by means of an air pump or blowing
engine and a boiler so constructed and fed. I connect the last boiler
tube to a chamber containing water and divisions. Attached to the tube
leading into this chamber are valves opening upwards, so that the
products of combustion are brought in contact with the water in the
chamber for raising steam and obtaining motive power, heating, and
drying purposes, by causing the heated products to be thrown in con-
nection with water under pressure, or I cause the products of combus-
tion to pass through or betwixt a well made air-tight jacketed vessel or
cylinder fixed in a flue or chimney, to be heated by the products of com-
bustion or heated by steam or hot air, and fixed at any convenient place
to be heated by exhaust steam or steam and air combined, and from this
jacketed vessel or cylinder I fix a pipe leading into a cystern of cold
water, or to a room or any other place or places for the purposes of

page_text: heating, warming, and drying. The pipe which is attached to the
jacketed vessel or cylinder forms a conducting and return pipe from and
to the jacketed vessel or cylinder, and a regulating valve is fixed at the
end of the return pipe opening downwards or upwards as required, or
the pipe or tubes may on leaving the jacketed vessel or cylinder be con-
ducted round a room or rooms, and the end of each pipe terminating and
being connected to some elevated air-tight reservoir, which resevoir com-
municates with the air-tight jacketed vessel or cylinder by means of a
pipe. Into this hollow jacketed vessel or cylinder I power bisulphide
of carbon, ether, aldehyde, alcohol, chloroform, essences of benzine.or
benzole, or other liquid or fluids and close the valve, so that all is..air-
tight. A safety valve is placed at any convenient place, either on the vessel
or to a pipe.connected with the jacketed vessel, and the heat in the flue
or chimney passing through the vessel raises the temperature of the. bi-
sulphide or carbon and instantly it rushes through the pipes carrying the
heat which it has taken up for warming rooms, drying, or other purposes,
and on reaching the reservoir it becomes partially condensed and is
returned by its own weight to the hollow jacketed cylindrical vessel,
to be again heated, or the pipes from the hollow jacketed cylindrical
vessel may go from and return direct to the vessel, so in this manner
that which is now waste heat can be made use of or wholly taken hold
of to heat water and for other purposes.
As this boiler is intended to be a perfect smoke-consuming boiler, I
form a hollow furnace door having the inside plate of the hollow door to
splay inwards, and at the top of the door frame is an opening and a
metal air tube containing a blanced damper. This hot air tube extends
to the top of boiler or to the side to conduct hot or warm air to the top
side of the fire in order to consume the smoke which may have collected
about the boiler, and to this boiler may be fixed a boiler as a feed water
boiler or sediment collector.
And in order to utilize the heat, in dwelling houses, of gas lights, or
from mineral or vegetable oils, also the heat in the chimney and flues
I place round or in the chimney or flue, or over or round the gas or
other lights, which gives out heat, a hollow jacketed cylindrical or other
shaped vessell, or a coiled pipe or pipes, which jacketed cylindrical vessel
or coil of pipes are attached, or coil of pipes are attached to other pipes,
which are carried round a room or rooms and connected at the top and
bottom of the hollow jacketed vessel or coiled pipe, and at any convenient
.

page_text: place is fixed to the pipe or pipes a safety valve, and a tap or valve, and
I power in the hollow jacketed cylindrical vessel or coiled pipe, through
the valve or tap, be-sulphide of carbon, ether, aldehyde, alcohol, chloro-
form, essence of benzine or benzole, or I pump in air or gas or other
liquids or fluids, and the heat from the fire or gas raises for instance
the temperature of the bisulphide of carbon, and is caused to pass
through the pipe or pipes for warming and drying purposes, and again
enters the vessel or coiled pipe at the bottom to be again raised in
temperature.
Figure 1, 2, and 3, represents one boiler; Figure 1 being an end 3
elevation of Figure 3, showing hot air tube; Figure 2 is a section of the
boiler showing the tube which connects the two internal boiler tubes;
Figure 3.is a longitudinal section of a two-tubed boiler showing how the
fire-box tube is connected to the second tube by a short tube connecting
the two tubes together marked C; also a tube is shown near the front
end of the boiler marked D, the tube end being made up with a door
marked E.
Figure 4, 5, and 6 also represents one boiler fixed in a longitudinal
boiler; Figure 4 is an end elevation of Figure 6, which shows the fire-.
box and the doors of four tube ends marked E, E, E, E; Figure 5 shews
the fire in one tube, and the two connecting tubes marked C, C; Figure 6
is a longitudinal section showing the boiler marked A. Water spaces
marked B, B; and C, C, are the tubes connecting the three tubes
together L, L, L, so that the products of combustion are retained within
the boiler tubes three times its length, which is an important part of this
Invention. G, marks out the flue round the boiler; letter H shows the
flue; and I is the steam chest.
Figure 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, and 13, shews various ways how the three
tubes may be connected; Figure 7 shows the elevation of Figures 12
and 13; Figure 8 is a sectional elevation showing small tubes fixed into
the ends of 2 short tubes; also the tubes are shown connecting the
3 tubes together marked C, C, delivery into chimney D, and I is the
steam chest; K shews the fire-grate, and L, L, L, are the three tubes.
Figure 9 is a section shewing 3 plain tubes L, L, L, connected by
tubes marked C, C.
Figure 10 is a cross section shewing that the fire-grate area may be
placed in the two box tubes marked K, K, also the connecting tubes C, C,
are shown, and the three L, L, L, tubes.

page_text: Figure 11 is a section showing that small tubes are fixed in the two
short top tubes, and the fire placed in the bottom tube.
Figure 12 is a longitudinal section of Figure 13 showing boiler
marked A, water space B, B; connecting tubes O, O; delivery tubes for
the products of combustion D; and E, E, E, are the doors fixed at the
ends of each tube K, the grate bars L, L, L, the three tubes M, furnace
door, and the small-longitudinal tubes are shown as fixed in the ends of
the short tubes.
Figure 13 shows the outer shell of steam boiler marked A, tube
doors E, E, E, furnace door M, and steam chest I.
Having now particularly described the nature of my Invention, and
how it may be carried into effect, I claim as the improvements secured
to me,-
First. Arrangements and mode of constructing steam boilers and
generators, as herein-before described and illustrated in Figures 1, 2, 3,
4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, and 18.
Second. The mode and construction of an air-tight vessel as described
for heating, warming, and drying purposes by the use of bi-sulphide of
carbon, either, aldehyde, alcohol, chloroform, essences of benzine or
benzole, liquids or fluids, as particularly described in this Specification.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Rydill, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Thirty-first day of January, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
four.