IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DRAWING AND FORCING WATER AND AIR, APPLICABLE ALSO FOR PROPELLING VESSELS
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Duddell, of Queen's Park, Brighton, and Thomas
Charlton, of 27, Belmont Street, Brighton, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR DRAWING AND FORCING WATER AND AIR, APPLICABLE ALSO
FOR PROPELLING VESSELS."
Sealed the 23rd February 1877, and dated the 8th September 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Duddell and Thomas
Charlton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th September
1876.
GEORGE DUDDELL, of Queen's Park, Brighton, and THOMAS CHARLTON, of 27,
Belmont Street, Brighton. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DRAWING AND
FORCING WATER AND AIR, APPLICABLE ALSO FOR PROPELLING VESSELS"
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for drawing and
forcing water and air, applicable also for propelling vessels.
In order to give motion to a current of water and air we employ a high-pressure
steam jet, which we cause to issue from a narrow annular orifice or crevice which is
left between a hollow and slightly taper mandril and a conical ring or nozzle which
surrounds it. The annular steam jet rushes along the exterior of the mandril, and
to prevent condensation the mandril is kept heated by steam admitted to its
interior. The conical ring 01 nozzle by which the steam issues is the first of a
series, say, of a dozen of similar ring or nozzles placed at short distances apart
along the mandril, and each in succession larger than the preceding Through
One, two, or
these rings or nozzles the steam jet induces currents of air and water
more rings or nozzles next to that by which the steam issues communicate with a
chamber to which hot air is admitted, and annular jets of hot air pass out through
them; these jets of hot air closely surround the steam jet, and protect it.from con-
densation. The remainder of the rings or nozzles communicate with a chamber
from which a suction pipe leads to the source from which the water is to be
drawn.
Where the object is to propel a vessel the source will be the sea in which the
véssel floats A number of concentric annular jets of water issue from these rings
or nozzles, and they surround the air and steam jets already referred to, the air
serving to keep the cold water out of contact with the steam.
After passing the last ring or nozzle, the compound jet still rushing along the

page_text: mandril meets a narrow annular mouth at the end of a tube surrounding the after
end of the inandril. The steam which all along has hugged the heated mandril
enters the narrow slit or mouth between the catch tube and the mandiil, and 18 led
away to a condenser, where it is condensed, and so fresh water can be constantly
obtained for the supply of the steam boiler The stream of water and air passes
outside the catch tube, and by suitable conduits is led away to the place where it
may be required.
When it is used for the purpose of propelling vessels these conduits are taken to
the bow and stern of the vessel, and they are provided with sluice valves which
can be opened and closed at pleasure. Branches from these conduits may also be
taken to the sides of the vessel near the bow and stern to facilitate steering and
manoeuvring.
In some cases in place of employing the apparatus to draw and force a current of
water, as above explained, we employ it to propel laige volumns of air only. In
this.case we still supply heated air to the first rings or nozzles of the series to
prevent contact between the cold air and the steam; in other respects, except that
the proportion of the parts is somewhat varied, the machine remains as already
described.
When the column of air is used for the purpose of propelling vessels we convey
it to a mouth-piece of much larger sectional area than the conduit by which it
passes, and into this mouth-piece we insert a number of partitions so arranged as to
distribute the an equally over the entire area of the mouth, and prevent it escaping
more freely at the upper part of the mouth than at the lower.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said George Duddell and Thomas Charlton in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 8th March 1877.
GEORGE DUDDELL, of Queen's Park, Brighton, and THOMAS CHARLTON, of 27,
Belmont Street, Brighton. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DRAWING AND
FORCING WATER AND AIR, APPLICABLE ALSO FOR PROPELLING VESSELS."
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for drawing.and
forcing water and air, applicable also for propelling vessels
In order to give motion to a current of water and air we employ a high-pressure
steam jet, which we cause to issue from a narrow annular orifice or crevice which is
left between a hollow and slightly taper mandiil and a conical ring or nozzle which
surrounds it The annular steam jet rushes along the exterior of the mandril, and
to prevent condensation the mandul is kept heated by steam admitted to its
interior. The conical ring or nozzle by which the steam issues is the first of a
series, say, of a dozen of similar rings or nozzles placed at short distances apart
along the mandril, and each in succession larger than the preceding. Through
these rings or nozzles the steam jet induces currents of air and water. One, two, or
nore rings or nozzles next to that by which the steam issues communicate with a
chamber to which hot air is admitted, and annular jets of hot air pass out through
them; these jets of hot air closely surround the steam jet, and protect it from con-
densation. The remainder of the rings or nozzles communicate with a chainber
from which a suction pipe leads to the source from which the water is to be
drawn.
Where the object is to propel a vessel, the source will be the sea in which the
vessel floats. A number of concentric annular jets of water issue from these rings
or nozzles, and they surround the air and steam Jets already referred to, the air
serving to keep the cold water out of contact with the steam
After passing the last ring or nozzle, the compound jet still rushing along the
mandril meets a narrow annular mouth at the end of a tube surrounding the after

page_text: .
cable also for propelling vessels.
Figure 15, sectional elevation; Figure 16, drawing of machine; Figures 17, 18,
19, detailed sections of steam admit annular cavity forming chamber and narrow
annular orifice or vent for steam; Figures 20, 21, section of nozzle with a rim
forming a division between hot and cold air chamber, Figures 22, 23, 24, and 25,
detailed sections of bell-shaped nozzles; Figures 26 and 27, details of washers for 2
coupling nozzles; Figures 28, 29, 30, and 31, details of outer casing or body of
machine, Figures 32, 33, and 34, sectional and end elevation of discharge pipe.
A, outer casing or body of machine; B, discharge pipes or conduits, C, branch
pipes leading to discharge openings or mouth-pieces; D, hot air admit; E, steam
admit; F, annular cavity formning chamber and narrow annular orifice or vent for 3
steam; G, bell-shaped nozzles through which the hot air is sucked or drawn; each
nozzle in succession is larger than the preceding one, and has four projecting lugs K,
Figure 21; H, similar nozzles to G for cold air; K, lugs of nozzles, Figure 21; L,
washers between the lugs of nozzles, M, steam catch or annular mouth; N, tho
steam heater or mandril, is tubular and tapered from where the first nozzle is fixed a
to where the last is fixed; the remaining portion of it is solid and further reduced
in size where it enters the steam catch, and is held in place by a guide, as shewn;
O, passage between heater and nozzles; P, hot air annular chamber nozzles and
vents around heater; Q, cold air admit, R, bolts with nuts which pass through the
lugs K and washers L; the lugs fit into the washers, and the bolts and nuts hold
the nozzles in place concentric to the heater; S, nozzle with a rim forming division
between hot and cold air chambers; U, pipe admitting steam to heater; V, drip
pipe from heater; W, vapour escape pipe leading to condenser or to a larger
apparatus.
Referring to the Drawings generally, the following is the action and construction
of the Invention-In employing the Invention high-pressure steam is used, which
is admitted at "E" into the chamber "F," and emitted through the narrow orifice
of the chamber into the passage "O," where it expands and surrounds the heater
"N," rushing through the passage "O," drawing with it the hot and cold air. The
steam catch or annular mouth "M" intercepts the expanded steam, and leads it
away through the vapour escape pipe "W" to make pure water (to feed the boiler),
or the expanded steam may be conveyed from the catch to a larger apparatus, and
so used over and over till exhausted. Hot air is admitted at D from the uptake of a
furnace or other origin into the chamber "P" and nozzles "G," and is drawn through
<the passage "O" by the steam, around which it forms a coat and checks its con-

page_text: densation. The cold air or atmosphere enters at "Q," and is drawn into the
nozzles "H" and through the passage "O" like the hot air, forming a coat around
the hot air between it and the water where water is drawn and forced. In the
other cases the mixed hot and cold air may be conveyed from the discharge pipe "B,"
and so used over and over like the steam. The water (in Drawing 1) enters at "T,”
and is drawn into the nozzles "J" and through the passage "O" like the hot and
cold air. The hot and cold air and water (see Drawing 1) are forced by the steain
into the discharge pipe "B" and through the branch pipes "C" to the discharge
opening or mouth-piece by the expanding air and steam
The heater or mandril N is tapered exteriorly for the purpose of making space for
the expansion of the steam, also for the steam to thrust against The mandril is
heated by the steam pipe "A" placed in the centre.
Drawings 2 and 3 resemble No 1, except that they show the apaption of the
machine for the purposes of drawing and forcing air, neiform fluids or vapour, and
atmosphere respectively; in other respects they are the same as Diawing No 1,
the manner of passing the steam or vapour through the machine being the same
in all.
The term air used herein is not restricted to atmosphere, but is intended to
designate gases generally, and the term water is intended to comprise other non-
elastic fluids.
Having thus described the nature of our said Invention and the manner of per-
forming the same, we would have it understood that we claim,-
First. The construction of apparatus for drawing and forcing air and water, sub-
stantially as herein-before described.
Second. The combination of apparatus for propelling vessels, substantially as
herein-before described.
Third. The steam heater surrounded by annular nozzles with a tapered passage
between the lieater and the nozzles, substantially as herein-before described.
Fourth. The steam catch for separating the expanded steam from the fluid or air
which has been drawn and forced by it, substantially as herein-before described
Fifth The method of employing a layer of hot air or gas to separate the steam
from the colder fluid which it is employed to diaw or force, substantially as herein-
before described
Sixth The method of employing a coat or layer of heated and compressed air or
gas in producing mechanical force, and for keeping the heat in the steam during its
development of power, substantially as herein described
In witness whereof, J, the said George Duddell, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Sixth day of March, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-seven.