IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CRUSHING AND PULVERIZING ORES, STONES, AND OTHER HARD SUBSTANCES
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Archer, junior, of Dunston Engine Works,
Gateshead-on-Tyne, in the County of Durham, Engineer, for the Inven
tion of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CRUSHING AND
PULVERIZING ORES, STONES, AND OTHER HARD SUBSTANCES."
Sealed the 17th September 1867, and dated the 17th July 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Archer at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th July 1867.
I, THOMAS ARCHER, junior, of Dunston Engine Works, Gateshead-on-Tyne,
in the County of Durham, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CRUSHING AND
PULVERIZING ORES, STONES, AND OTHER HARD SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the combination of a grinding or pulverizing roller
with a squeezer having a curved operating face or faces at the end of a lever
near its fulcrum, the reverse end of such lever being raised and lowered as
required by the revolution of an eccentric or a crank on a shaft suitably
mounted in a bed or frame of the machine.
By means of this arrangement with the connections herein-after described
a slow revolving motion is imparted to the grinding or pulverizing roller, and

page_text: at the same time a short and powerful reciprocating motion is imparted to the
lever with the squeezer on its end, thereby operating with a crushing and
pulverizing action on the stones, ores, or other hard substances between the
roller and the squeezer as they fall by their own gravity and are carried
downwards by the turning of the roller. The combined relative motions of
the roller and the squeezer above referred to are effected by means of a
smaller pulley on the driving shaft connected by a band to a larger pulley
on the side of which is a pinion gearing with a spur wheel on the shaft of the
roller, the larger pulley and pinion turning loosely on the fulcrum of the lever.
The intermediate mechanism for producing the relative motions of the roller
and the squeezer may be varied. By means of these connections. the motion
from the driving shaft is communicated with decreased velocity to the shaft
of the roller, while the excentric or crank which actuates the end of the lever
is caused to revolve at the original speed of the driving shaft; it may also be
advisable in some cases to adapt the intermediate mechanism for driving the
shaft of the roller at a speed more nearly approximating to that of the
excentric or crank shaft. The relative lengths of stroke of the two curved
operating faces may be adjusted as required to suit different materials under
operation by altering the position of the fulcrum of the lever in the frame;
also the relative distances of the said operating faces from the roller may be
adjusted as required by varying the length of the rod for connecting the
excentric or the crank with the end of the rod. The periphery of the roller
and the operating face or faces of the squeezer are or may be fluted or cor-
rugated, and it is preferred that they should be made either of steel or of
chilled cast iron.
If preferred a series of knives or crushers similar to those described in the
Specification of a Patent granted to me, and bearing date February 20th,
1867, No. 456, may be combined with the roller in substitution for the
squeezer above described
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Thomas Archer in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
16th January 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
ARCHER, junior, of Dunston Engine Works, Gateshead-on-Tyne, in the
County of Durham, Engineer, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirty-first year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Thomas Archer, Her special licence that I, the said Thomas Archer,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Thomas Archer, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTȘ
IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CRUSHING AND PULVERIZING ORES, STONES,
AND OTHER HARD SUBSTANCES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said Thomas Archer, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Archer, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say) :-
My Invention of "Improvements in Machinery or Apparatus for Crushing
and Pulverizing Ores, Stones, and other Hard Substances," consists in the
combination of a revolving roller with a vibrating squeezer having a curved
operating face or faces at the end of a lever near its fulcrum, the reverse end
of such lever being raised and lowered as required by the revolution of an
excentric or a crank on a shaft suitably mounted in a bed or frame of the:
machine.
By means of this arrangement with the connections herein-after described
a slow revolving motion is imparted to the roller, and at the same time a
short and powerful reciprocating motion is imparted to the lever with the
squeezer on its end, thereby operating with a crushing and pulverizing action
on the stones, ores, or other hard substances between the roller and the
squeezer as they are carried forward by the turning of the roller. The com-
bined motions of the roller and the squeezer are effected by means of a smaller.

page_text: pulley on the driving shaft connected by a band to a larger pulley, on the side
of which is a pinion turning loosely on the shaft or axis of the roller and
gearing with a spur wheel on the fulcrum shaft, on the side of which wheel is
a pinion turning loosely on the fulcrum shaft and gearing with a spur wheel
fastened on the shaft or axis of the roller. The intermediate mechanism for
producing the relative motions of the roller and the squeezer may be varied.
The relative extent of motion of the two curved operating faces may be
adjusted as required to suit different materials under operation by altering the
position of the fulcrum of the lever in the frame; also the relative distances
of the said operating faces from the roller may be adjusted as required by
varying the length of the rod for connecting the excentric or the crank with
the end of the lever. The periphery of the roller and the operating face or
faces of the squeezer are or may be fluted or corrugated, and it is preferred
that they should be made either of steel or of chilled cast iron.
Having thus stated the nature of the said Invention, I will proceed to
describe more particularly in what manner the same is to be performed
by reference to the accompanying Drawings, in which is represented the
machinery or apparatus above referred to.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 is a plan or horizontal view of the machine; Fig. 2 is a longitudinal
section of the same; Fig. 3 is a vertical section of the roller detached ;
Figures 4 and 5 are side and end views of the connecting link between the
crank and the end of the vibrating lever of the squeezer. In these several
Figures the same letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.
A, A, is the frame of the machine; B is the crank shaft driven by a belt
pulley from any suitable prime mover; C, C, are two fly wheels, one on each
side of the machine; D is the crank; E is a link for connecting the crank
with the end of the lever F having its fulcrum at G, and having on its end
nearest to the fulcrum a squeezer with a pair of curved operating faces H¹, H³,
one above and the other below the centre of the fulcrum; these operating.
faces are composed of pieces of steel or chilled cast iron inserted and fixed in
the end of the squeezer, and they may be fluted, one vertically and the other
horizontally; the end of the squeezer is formed in two curves, both of longer
radius than the roller I, and so arranged in relation to the roller as to form a
larger space at top for the reception of the stones or other material to be
operated upon, and a smaller space at bottom for their escape when broken as
required. The roller 1 has its outer surface fluted horizontally in order that by.

page_text: working in combination with the fluted curved faces H¹ and H of the squeezer
the stones or material under operation may be divided in opposite directions,
and thereby formed into cubical shapes as required; also as the bottom
curved face extends in a horizontal direction as far as a vertical line passing
through the centre of the roller any thin pieces of material lying on the said
face would become split or broken against the roller on the upward motion of
the curved face. The curvature of the acting faces is sufficient to prevent
long pieces of the material from passing through. The roller in its rotation
towards the squeezer thrusts forward the large pieces at the top and draws out
the reduced material at the bottom. For grinding purposes the horizontal
flutes on the roller are made small, and the lower operating face is smooth.
The combined relative motions of the roller and squeezer are produced by
means of a small pulley K on the end of the driving shaft B connected by a
band to a larger pulley L, on the side of which is fixed a pinion M, both
turning loosely on the shaft of the roller I, and the pinion gearing with a spur
wheel N turning loosely on the fulcrum shaft of the lever having fixed on its
side a pinion O gearing with a spur wheel P fastened to the shaft or axis of
the roller 1. The motion from the pulley K fixed on the driving shaft is thus
communicated to the roller through the intermediate gearing. The speed of
the roller may be varied as required by altering the intermediate gearing.
By means of this or any other suitable arrangement a revolving motion is
in parted to the roller I, and at the same time a short and powerful recipro-
cating motion is imparted to the lever F with the squeezer on its end, the two
curved acting faces of which squeezer are thereby caused to act in combination
with the roller I in breaking and reducing the stones or other material as it
is carried forward by the motion of the roller. The relative distances of the
acting faces H', and H2, from the roller I are adjusted as required by varying
the thickness of the lining piece Q, shewn in the detached Figures 4 and 5.
The roller as shewn in Figures 2 and 3 has chilled cast-iron or steel faces
fixed on to it in segments by bolts, and the acting faces H' and H2 of the
squeezer are fastened on in a similar manner, thereby giving facilities for
removing or replacing them as required; but the roller may be solid instead
of being made in pieces, as shewn.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I hereby declare that what I claim as
of my Invention is the combination of parts consisting of a roller with a
squeezer having curved acting faces, such roller and squeezer being driven by
suitable gearing in such a manner as to impart a revolving motion to the

page_text: roller, and at the same time a short and powerful vibratory motion to the
lever and squeezer, as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Archer, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Thirteenth day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight.
Signed and sealed by the before-
named Thomas Archer, the
younger, in the presence of
JOSEPH A. D. SHIPLEY,
Solicitor,
33, Mosley Street,
THOS. ARCHER, JN. (L.S.)
Newcastle-upon-Tyne,