IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FRAMES FOR UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS.
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Isaac Richardson Hayes and John Somerset, both
of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, for the Invention of
“IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FRAMES FOR UMBRELLAS AND
PARASOLS.
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Isaac Richardson Hayes
and John Somerset at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 25th June 1874.
We, ISAAC RICHARDSON HAYES and JOHN SOMERSET, both of Man-
5 chester, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FRAMES FOR
UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS," to be as follows:-
The principal feature of novelty in this umbrella and parasol frame is
that it is made in separate parts, in such a manner (wires and rivets
being dispensed with) that any of the ribs or stretchers can be removed

page_text: and replaced at any time without umounting or disturbing the other
parts of the frame, and thus repairs can be easily and rapidly effected
without the aid of a skilled workman.
The steel ribs of the frame are provided at their inner end with a
small iron hook screwed on to the end of the steel wire rib. The
"notch" is made with one flange only, which has small holes drilled
through (one for each rib), and the hooks of the ribs are passed into
these holes in a reversed position, and the rib being brought round to its
proper position is held quite firmly without the use of a wire. In the
case of an old rib of the ordinary form being broken at the eye, which
frequently occurs, the end can be screwed into one of these small hooks,
and thus the expense and trouble of fitting a new rib will be obviated.
This hook will also fit into the wire of the ordinary double flanged
notch, thereby saving much time and expense in repairing old frames of
the ordinary construction. The end of the stretcher that fits into the
runner is also formed with a hook (or has a hook screwed on in a similar
manner), and fits into a hole in the flange of the runner, which is single,
as above described, or into the wire of the runner, in the same manner as
the hook of the rib. The other end of the stretcher which is jointed to
the rib fits into a short barrel or tube, to which is attached a split fork.
One jaw of the fork is made with a hole and the other with a
corresponding pin, so that when the jaws are opened the pin can be
passed through the eye of the rib, and then through the hole in the
opposite jaw, and thus the joint is made without rivetting. The joint is
made firm by passing a small ferrule over the split part of the jaws,
which prevents the fork from being opened.
It will thus be perceived that in case of a rib or stretcher becoming
broken it will not require an entire new rib or stretcher, but only a new
end or a new piece of wire, which can casily be fitted without taking the
frame to pieces, and without the aid of a skilled workman.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Isaac Richardson Hayes and John Somerset in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 24th December 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, ISAAC
RICHARDSON HAYES and JOHN SOMERSET, both of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of June, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-
eighth year of Her reign, did for Herself, Her heirs, and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said Isaac Richardson Hayes and John
Somerset, Her special licence that we, the said Isaac Richardson Hayes
and John Somerset, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as we, the said Isaac Richardson Hayes and John Somerset, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF FRAMES FOR UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS," upon the
condition (amongst others) that we, the said Isaac Richardson Hayes
and John Somerset, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under our, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and,
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after, the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Isaac Richardson Hayes and John
Somerset, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement and accompanying
Drawings (that is to say) :-
.:
The principal feature of novelty in this umbrella and parasol frame is:
that it is made in separate parts, in such a manner (wires and rivets.

page_text: being dispensed with) that any of the ribs or stretchers can be removed
and replaced at any time without unmounting or disturbing the other
parts of the frame, and thus repairs can be easily effected without the
aid of a skilled workman.
Such being the nature and object of our said Invention, we will now
proceed to describe more in detail the manner in which the same is to
be or may be performed or carried into practical effect, and in order that
the same may be clearly understood we have annexed hereunto a Sheet
of Drawings illustrative thereof, and have marked the same with figures
and letters of reference corresponding with those in the following
explanation thereof :-
In one modification of our Invention the steel ribs of the frame (see
Fig. 1 of the Drawing) are provided at their inner end with a small iron
hook a screwed on to the end of the steel wire rib b, b. The notch c, c,
(see plan view, Fig. 2, and section, Fig. 3), is made with one flange
only, which has small holes drilled or punched through (one for each
rib), and the hooks a, a, of the ribs b, b, are passed into these holes in a
reversed position, and the rib being brought round to its proper position
is held quite firmly without the use of a wire (see Fig. 3). In the case
of an old rib of the ordinary form being broken at the eye, which
frequently occurs, the end can be screwed into one of these small hooks,
and thus the expense and trouble of fitting a new rib will be obviated.
This hook will also fit into the wire of the ordinary double flanged notch,
thereby saving much time and expense in repairing old frames of the
ordinary construction. The end of the stretcher d, d, that fits into the
runner e, e, is also formed with a hook a (or has a hook screwed on in a
similar manner), and fits into a hole in the flange of the runner e, e,
which is single as above described (see Figs. 2 and 3), or in the wire of
the runner, in the same manner as the hook of the rib ; or it may be
formed with a spring fork g, g, as at the lower end of Fig. 5º. The
other end of the stretcher d, d, which is jointed to the rib (see Figs. 5°
and 5*) fits into a short barrel or tube f, f, to which is attached a split
fork g, g.
One jaw of the fork is made with a hole, and the other with
a corresponding pin h, so that when the jaws are opened the pin can be
passed through the eye k of the rib (see Fig. 5), and then through the
hole in the opposite jaw, and thus the joint is made without rivetting,

page_text: The joint is made firm by passing a small ferrule over the split part of
the jaws, which prevents the fork from being opened (see Fig. 5b).
It will thus be perceived that in case of a rib or a stretcher becoming
broken it will not require an entire new rib or stretcher, but only a new
end or a new piece of wire, which can easily be fitted without taking the
frame to pieces, and without the aid of a skilled workman.
It will be evident that, if preferred, the stretcher may be made in
one piece, as described with regard to the rib, in which case the
barrel ff, will be dispensed with, and the spring fork g, g, will be
soldered direct on to the end of the stretcher, as shown at the lower end
of Fig. 5b.
The upper end of the rib, which is attached to the notch, instead of
being provided with a hook a, a, as shown at Figs. 1 and 1ª, may also
be fitted with the spring fork g, g, in which cases the notch c, c, and
runner e, e, will be fitted with small projecting nebs 1, 1, as seen at
Figs. 2, 3, and 3".
Figs. 3° and 3ª are modifications wherein the nebs 1, 1, are cast in one
with the cap *, 1*. In this and in other cases we also sometimes make
the fork of the rib without the pin h, as shown at Fig. 3º, and fix short
studs / in the nebs or projections.
In a further modification of our Invention the upper ends of the ribs
and the lower ends of the stretchers are made with a ball or knob m, as
shown at Fig. 6, in which case the notch and runner are made with
circular recesses and slots, as shown in plan views at Figs. 6ª and 6º, and
5 elevation at Fig. 6°.
In order to keep the ball or knobs in the recesses a ring n, n, (see
Fig. 6) is employed. This ring n, n, is made with two notches o, o, by
means of which it can be passed over two pins p, p, attached to the
notch or runner (see Figs. 6ª and 6º), and being then partially turned
O will be held by the pins p, p, securely in its place.
A similar ring and pins may also be employed with advantage to the
notches c, c, and runners e, e, when the hooks a, a, are employed to
prevent the posibility of the hooks becoming displaced.

page_text: We may also here remark that instead of forming the notch c, c, for
receiving the hooks, as shown at Figs. 2 and 3, they may be formed by
cutting notches in the flange in the ordinary manner, and then soldering
on a wire ring q, q, as shown at Fig. 7.
In witness whereof, we, the said Isaac Richardson Hayes and John
Somerset, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-
second day of December, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-four.