matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN WOOD PAVEMENTS, AND IN MACHINERY FOR LAYING THE SAME
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Burkley Hotchkiss
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 23rd January 1872.
I, BENJAMIN BURKLEY HOTCHKISS, of New York, United States of
America, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WOOD PAVEMENTS, AND IN MACHINERY FOR
LAYING THE SAME," to be as follows :—
My improvements relate to creating a more solid and perfect
foundation and construction of wood pavements than has heretofore been
made; in the first place I employ a double flooring so constructed as to
break joints, and in the second place I use a narrow flexible strip to
form the spaces between the blocks in place of the old strips the width
of about one half the height of the blocks; one or more of these strips
can be used one above the other; they should be narrow enough so that
they will readily bend to the curve or form of the street. Between these
blocks and above the strips I drive small stones; I prefer them mixed
with cement or preserving material the same or similar to that used on
the wood.

page_text: I also prefer to use a machine hammer for forcing the stones between
the blocks in order to make a more firm, solid, and uniform packing
between the blocks, and create a greater certainty of a perfectly water-
tight pavement and one of much greater durability than can be done by
hand packing; for this purpose I use a hammer or drop mounted on
wheels and so arranged as to be easily and rapidly operated, and which
will give a uniform blow which cannot be done by hand work.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CLOSING AND SECURING PACKING CASES OR BOXES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Garrett Tongue at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th August 1872.-A communication from abroad by George
Gardère, the younger, of Bordeaux, France, Merchant.
I, JOHN GARRETT TONGUE, of the Firm of Tongue & Birkbeck, Patont
Agents and Engineers, of 34, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CLOSING AND SECURING PACKING CASES OR
BOXES," to be as follows
-
This Invention relates to improvements in closing and securing the
lids or covers of packing cases or boxes for various purposes whereby
injury to the lids by nails or other fastenings is avoided. For this pur-
pose according to these improvements part of the lid or cover of a
packing case on each side is fixed before packing the bottles or other
articles it has to contain, an opening being left to introduce the articles
which are to be packed therein. When the box or case is full the said
opening is closed by means of a lid or cover corresponding in size
therewith, and being secured in position without the aid of nails or
Screws.

page_text: The moveable part of the lid or cover has fixed projections on its
under side which project a short distance beyond the edge, which fixed
projections pass under the fixed portion of the lid or cover on one sido
when closing up the case. On the other edge underneath the moveablo
part of the lid or cover sliding pieces are arranged to slide in staples or
brackets, and when the lid or cover is placed in position, these sliding
pieces can be slid under the fixed part of the lid, openings being made
in the cover for a pin to pass through so as to slide the pieces which thus
act as bolts to prevent the lid from being raised. The holes or openings
by means of which the sliding pieces are moved into position are after-
wards filled up with wax or other suitable material. flush with the upper
surface of the lid, so that the box or case cannot be opened without
destroying the seal, but which must be broken to open the box, which
can thus be opened without injury either of its appearance or strength.
In place of sliding picces or bolts such parts may be arranged to turn
upon a pin so as to pass the ends under the fixed portions of the lid or
and thus hold tho. lid in position, and in place of part of the lid
being. fixed recesses or projections may be arranged on the sides of the
caso for holding the projections on the cover.
cover,
IMPROVE- MENTS IN GRAINING WOOD AND OTHER SURFACES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Davis at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
6th June 1872.
I, WILLIAM ROBERT DAVIS, of Store Street, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN GRAINING WOOD AND OTHER SURFACES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to an improved process of graining wood,
whether painted or not, and other surfaces, whereby a natural imitation
may be obtained with rapidity without necessarily employing skilled
labour.
According to my Invention I first prepare the surface of wood by
applying a little whiting or brick dust to fill up the pores. I then vein
the surface in imitation of oak, for example, either by hand or by the
aid of blocks, stencil plates, or rollers with a varnish capable of pro-
tecting those parts from the action of a coloring or staining liquid,
which I next apply to stain the remainder of the surface of the desired
color, after which the varnish is cleaned off, leaving the parts where
it has been applied untouched by the staining liquid. A light stain

page_text: may now be applied to the surface to bring the veins to the desired
color, or this may be done before the varnish is applied if preferred. If
the process is applied to unpainted wood in which the natural grain of
the wood is visible, or to grained woodwork, the surface may now be
finished by French polishing or otherwise, but if the wood has been
painted or the process is applied to paper or plaster so that no natural
grain is visible through the stain I oil grain it in the usual manner by
applying a wash of oil graining color and combing with ordinary combs,
or the same effect may be obtained by printing the grain marks with a
roller, after which it may be varnished as usual.
In order to obtain the pattern for the stencil plates, types, or blocks,
I take an impression from the natural grain to be imitated with printing
ink, and transfer to paper, metal, or stone, from which a print may be
taken to serve as a pattern for a die by which the stencil plates are
stamped out.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON, STEEL, COPPER, AND OTHER METALS
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Powers, of Coventry, in the County of
Warwick, Varnish Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON, STEEL, COPPER, AND OTHER METALS."
Sealed the 30th August 1872, and dated the 2nd March 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Powers at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd March 1872.
I, EDWARD POWERS, of Coventry, in the County of Warwick, Varnish
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the [said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON, STEEL, COPPER, AND OTHER
METALS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the smelting and manufacture of iron, steel,
copper, and other metals, and consists in the incorporation of hydrogen
either in a free state or combined with oxygen or nitrogen with the
blast of air generally used in the reduction of metals, and the object of

page_text: the incorporation of the gases with the air is to render the sulphur,
phosphorous, and similar prejudical matters so volatile by their union
with hydrogen that they escape to the atmosphere instead of being
mixed with the metals.
the 2nd September 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWARD
POWERS, of Coventry, in the County of Warwick, Varnish Manu-
facturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Second day of March, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the
thirty-fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Edward Powers, Her special
license that I, the said Edward Powers, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Edward Powers, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time, and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-

page_text: of ordinary or superheated steam, or combined with nitrogen in the
form of ammonia either with or without the admixture of steam.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Powers, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Thirtieth day of August, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two.
Signed, sealed, and delivered
by the said Edward Powers,
in the presence of
JA. JOWLES,
Clerk to Mr. Browett,
Sol'.,
Coventry.
EDWARD POWERS. (L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDOW SASH FASTENERS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Julius Hall at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th May
1872.
I, JULIUS HALL, of 123, Ohancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDOW SASH FASTENERS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is so to secure and fasten the sashes of
window frames that it is not possible to open the window from the.
outside even if by accident the usual latch fastener has been left
unclosed.
The mode of construction is as follows:-One end of an ordinary lever
spring is fixed in the usual way to the under side of the lower sash plate,
the other end of the said spring bearing against and being actuated by
the bottom of the catch, which latter is on the upper side of the plate
pulled back by hand when it is desired to open the window. When the
window is closed the bolt on on coming into contact with the plate on
the upper sash shoots into the latter and closes the window, which cannot
then be opened without the catch on the inside and the bolt in con-

page_text: nection with it being pulled back. By this means whether the window
latch or fastener be closed or not the window can never by any chance
remain insecure after the top and bottom sashes have come in contact,
and it will be as impossible without pulling back the catch to open the
window from the inside.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PENHOLDERS AND CIGARETTE HOLDERS, AND IN APPARATUS- THEREFOB
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Otto Schulze at the Office. of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th May
1872. A communication from abroad by Otto Strenbel, of No. 27,
Oranienberger Strasse, Berlin.
. I, OTTO SCHULZE, of No. 40, Finsbury Circus, in the City of London,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PENHOLDERS AND CIGARETTE HOLDERS, AND IN APPARATUS-
THEREFOB," to be as follows:-
The Invention consists in employing cork in the manufacture of
penholders and cigarette holders, and I now proceed to describe the
machinery employed in such manufacture.
A grindstone of about 3 feet diameter, and about 8 inches wide, having
the face hollowed, is driven rapidly by steam or other power. In front
of the stone is placed a small lathe turned by hand, having a screw to
move it to and from the face of the stone, and another adjusting screw
at the side of the lathe.
Cork is cut into the lengths required in a square form, and they are
placed one by one in the lathe, which is turned in a direction contrary

page_text: to the stone. The adjusting screw enables any part of the cork to be
applied to the stone, which rubs the cork into a circular shape, so as to
produce penholders and cigaretto holders in the required form.
Any holes in the surface of the cork are afterwards filled with cement
composed of cork dust, flour, and gum, or some similar substance.
AN IMPROVED RELIEVING APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING THE STICKING OF SAFETY VALVES
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Mac Donald and Cyrus Eskrett, both
of Hull, in the County of York, for the Invention of "AN
IMPROVED RELIEVING APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING THE STICKING OF SAFETY
VALVES."
Scaled the 5th July 1872, and dated the 8th January 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Mac Donald
and Cyrus Eskrett at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 8th January 1872.
We, THOMAS MAC DONALD and CYRUS ESKRETT, both of Hull, in
5 the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "AN IMPROVED RELIEVING APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING THE STICKING
OF SAFETY VALVES," to be as follows:-

page_text: presses, but may also be employed on steam boilers or other accumu-
lators requiring safety valves. We provide a metal cylinder, which wo
make sufficiently large in its interior to receive a spiral spring of suitable
strength. On each end of the cylinder there is a cover or cap which
retains the spring in the interior. Through the centre of the cylinder
we pass a spindle, which is provided with a collar to receive the pressure
of the spiral spring. A pipe in connection with the hydraulic pump,
steam boiler, or other accumulator is attached to the lower end of the
cylinder, and the spindle is made sufficiently long to pass through the
cover or cap in the form of a piston, and enters the pipe.
The apparatus constructed as above described is mounted vertically
under the safety valve lever and at a suitable distance from the valve.
The upper end of the spindle is provided with an adjustable or regulating
screw, which conveys the movement of the spindle to the lever.
When the valve sticks the increasing pressure compresses the spiral:
spring of the relieving apparatus, the spindle of which immediately
commences to act upon the end of the spindle in the pipe and forces it
upwards. The motion is simultaneously conveyed to the lever of the
safety valve, which is thereby relieved and the superabundant pressure
allowed to escape.

page_text: but what we do claim and desire to be secured to us by Letters Patent
is, the arrangement, construction, and application of relieving apparatus,
substantially as and for purposes herein set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Mac Donald, for myself
and on behalf of the said Cyrus Eskrett, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Sixth day of July, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two.
IMPROVED Apparatus for INDICATING THE TIME OR PERIOD AT WHICH PASSENGER TRAMWAY CARS OR 'BUSSES' ARE DUE AT VARIOUS STAGES ON THE ROUTE FROM STARTING POINT TO TERMINUS, AND VICE VERSA, AND FOR INDICATING THE CLEARING OF PILLAR LETTER BOXES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Christopher Anderson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th May 1872.
I, CHRISTOPHER ANDERSON, of Bradford, in the County of York,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED Apparatus for INDICATING THE TIME OR PERIOD AT WHICH PASSENGER
TRAMWAY CARS OR 'BUSSES' ARE DUE AT VARIOUS STAGES ON THE ROUTE FROM
STARTING POINT TO TERMINUS, AND VICE VERSA, AND FOR INDICATING THE
CLEARING OF PILLAR LETTER BOXES," to be as follows:―
This apparatus consists of a stand pillar on which is mounted an
enclosed dial (or the dial may be attached to a wall or building) the
pointers or fingers on which are worked by clockwork. The dial is
divided by a number of red lines, and by a number of black lines;
the fingers or pointers when opposite a red line denote a car or "buss"
due at the stand pillar from the starting point of the route, and the
fingers when opposite a black line denote car or "buss" due from
terminus or return journey. In the said pillar are two apertures, and
within the pillar are small discs working on studs, a word denoting

page_text: departure "gone" being on the discs. The guard of the car or "buss"
on passing or leaving the pillar will by a key turn the disc opposite the
aperture and the clockwork will by means of a small lever acting on
a pin fixed to the back of each disc remove or turn them from the
aperture when the pointers or fingers approach the lines indicating
car or "buss"
as being due.
Where there is no definite time for a "buss" to pass a station, that
is to say, when the journey and return is not at a fixed hour, the dials
will be specially designed and divided according to the time required to
make the journey from starting point to terminus and vice versa, the
conductors on leaving opposite stations will adjust the pointers of the
respective dials.
The disc may be applied to pillar letter boxes, so that on removal of
the letters the attendant may by a key turn the disc (on which the
hours of clearing or removal are denoted) opposite the apperture, and
so provide an indicating of removal and avoid the uncertainty arising.
from difference of postal with other clocks or time pieces..
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING AND WORKING RAILWAYS, IN WHICH COMPRESSED AIR IS TO BE THE MOTIVE POWER EMPLOYED
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Samuel Eyland and
John Bosley Warren at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 22nd October 1872.
We, EDWARD SAMUEL EYLAND and JOHN BOSLEY WARREN, of
Bristol, in the City of Bristol, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING AND WORKING
RAILWAYS, IN WHICH COMPRESSED AIR IS TO BE THE MOTIVE POWER EMPLOYED,"
to be as follows :--
This Invention consists in constructing and working railways known
as atmospheric railways in the following manner:- A square cast-
iron tube is to be laid between and parallel to the rails. We propose
to make the said tube about fifteen inches square, with the top planed
smooth and kept well lubricated. Air may be compressed in the tube
by stationary engines and pumps. In the top plate of the said tube,
at intervals of say eight feet, we propose to provide valve ports and
valves for the emission of the compressed air from the fixed tube when
the valves are opened. We also propose to place a hollow sliding
piece on the surface of the aforesaid air tube, the said slide to be

page_text: made sufficiently long to cover two of the aforesaid valve ports at the
same time. Within the aforesaid slide a hollow vessel or air container
is fitted air-tight, and connected to the framework which supports
the wheels of the locomotive. A pipe proceeds from the top of the
said air container to the cylinders of the locomotive for the passage
of the air into the aforesaid cylinders for imparting rotatory motion
to the wheels of the locomotive by means of connecting rods and
cranks of the ordinary kind. Thus as the locomotive and slide move
along the fixed air tube the valve ports in the said tube will be opened
in succession and the compressed air or motive power will pass through
the said ports and slide into the container, and from thence into
the cylinders of the locomotive, just as steam would be conveyed
from the boiler of an ordinary locomotive engine. We would here
remark that instead of the valve ports being arranged at invervals a
continuous elastic air-tight valve or clastic valves in lengths could
be adopted.
As locomotives thus constructed would be very light (in the absence
of a boiler with water and fuel) we propose to place wheels under the
rails as well as on the top thereof to serve the double purpose of
locking the train to the rails or line (a useful precaution in overhead
collonade railways for towns, streets, and common roads, and also by
screwing up the said under wheels an additional bite could be obtained
by the driving wheels on the rails. When the aforesaid under wheels
are used the railway would require to be raised from the surface of
the ground.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN GIGS AND OTHER VEHICLES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Turner Davies at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd November 1872.
I, EDWIN TURNER DAVIES, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
5 Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN GIGS AND OTHER VEHICLES," to be as follows :-
Hitherto gigs or vehicles of a similar kind have been constructed to
run upon two or more wheels, but in my improved gig I employ one
wheel only. I construct the body, shafts, and springs in the usual
manner; the wheel is fitted to run between the said springs and under
the body upon an axle, which takes into bearings fixed to the said
springs.

page_text: For the purpose of preventing the vehicle overturning when being
used, I secure the shafts by means of the harness employed to the sides
of the horse in any suitable manner; but when the vehicle is in motion
it will be found the velocity at which it travels will keep it in a per-
pendicular position.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR PRESERVING ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th April 1872.-A communication from abroad by James Jen-
nings McComb, of New Orleans, in the State of Louisiana, United
States of America.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF AND
APPARATUS FOR PRESERVING ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES," to be as
follows:-
:-
This Invention relates to a novel chemical process of preserving animal
and vegetable substances. These substances are placed in a closed
chamber, and are there submitted to the action of certain gaseous bodies
which will so act upon the animal and vegetable substances as to check
or destroy their tendency to decompose. This closed chamber is con-
nected by a pipe with a retort set in a furnace and capable of being
heated to redness. The retort is provided with a door for the admission
of the chemicals used for producing the gaseous products..
The retort is supplied with a mixture of sulphur and charcoal which
lying on the red hot floor of the retort will be caused to give off sulphur

page_text: fumes and carbonic acid. When the animal and vegetable substances
have been sufficiently long subjected to the gaseous products of the
retort atmospheric air is to be admitted to the chamber to rid it of these
products. For this purpose the chamber is provided with an air supply
pipe and an escape pipe; as the air is forced into the chamber it will
drive out the gases through the escape pipe; the pipes are then to be
closed, and bicarbonate of magnesia being supplied to the retort tho
fumes derived therefrom are passed into the chamber as before.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILER FURNACES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Rowan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
November 1872.
I, THOMAS ROWAN, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILER FURNACES," to bo.as follows, that is to say:
This Invention has for its object the diminishing or preventing of
smoke in connection with boiler furnaces, and comprises arrangements
designed to secure more completely and effectually than hitherto the
ignition and combustion of the gases and volatile-carbonaceous matters
procecding from the coal.
In carrying out the Invention the external shell or internal flue tube
of the boiler is coated or lined with fire-brick over the space at the inner
end of the grate, the bottom of which space is formed by what is com-
monly termed the bridge. This bridge, which may be extended along
the flue somewhat further than usual, has set or fixed on the forward
part of it a set of inclined bricks, blocks, or slabs of fire-brick, placed to
divide gaseous streams and deflect them from a direct course, whilst

page_text: behind there is a second set, or it may be a single block, so placed as to
be impinged upon by the divided and deflected streams. With this
arrangement the bricks, blocks; or slabs are rendered incandescent, and
maintain a heat of the intensity requisite for igniting with certainty the
combustible gases and carbonaceous particles.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR OPERATING THE MOVING HEADS OF CARRIAGES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander McKenzie at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 21st November 1872.
I, ALEXANDER M°KENZIE, of Little Windmill Street, Haymarket,
in the County of Middlesex, Coach Builder, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR OPERATING THE
MOVING HEADS OF CARRIAGES," to be as follows :—
This Invention relates to improvements in apparatus for facilitating
the closing and opening of the heads of landaus, barouches, and other
like carriages. The Invention consists in connecting with the elbow
props telescopic or sliding rods, which serve as guides and sup-
ports for coiled springs; which springs, as the head of the carriage is
thrown back or opened become compressed and allow the head to fall;
but which when the head is attempted to be raised will supplement the
action of the coachman, and throw it up into the closed or raised
position, in which it will be secured by the straightening of the elbow
props. The telescopic rods may be connected to either end of the
elbow props. When applying them to the upper ends, the lower ends
of the telescopic rods are jointed to fixed brackets on the carriage frame,
and their upper ends are connected to short arms made fast to axles which

page_text: turn in bearings in the pillar tops. These axles are squared to receive
the upper ends of their respective elbow props.
Surrounding the telescopic rods are the coiled springs which give the
upward impetus to the depressed carriage head, and effect the straighten-
ing of the bent elbow props. Collars, or equivalent bearings are provided
at the top and bottom of these rods to receive the pressure of the springs;
and when the head is thrown back, these bearings serve to compress the
springs and thereby provide the force for closing the head.
In place of using telescopic rods, I may use a continuous length of
rod, leaving one end (say the upper end) free to slide through a ball and 1
socket joint fitted to the arms of the axles of the elbow props. I thus
provide for the variable distance between the fixed stud or bracket and
the rocking arm, which acting as a lever serves to bend its elbow prop.
These arms may be severally connected by a link with one of the hinges
of the cant rail or falling portion of the head, and they will thereby be 1
caused to act simultaneously on the pillar and on the cant rail.
Instead of connecting these rods with an arm at the top end of the
elbow joint, I may connect them with similiar arms projecting from
squared axles forming the fulcrums for the lower limbs of the elbow
props.
A SYNOPTIC SYSTEM AND CHARACTERS EMPLOYED THEREIN FOR THE MORE EASY LEARNING OF THE PRONOUNCIATION OF ENGLISH AND FOREIGN LANGUAGES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Raphael Gorga at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
March 1872.
I, RAPHAEL GORGA, of Holy Cross, Belfast, County Antrim, Ireland,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for “A SYNOPTIC SYSTEM
AND CHARACTERS EMPLOYED THEREIN FOR THE MORE EASY LEARNING OF THE
PRONOUNCIATION OF ENGLISH AND FOREIGN LANGUAGES," to be as follows:-
The object of this synoptic system is to preserve the spelling of the
present English language in its integrity whilst at the same time it gives
by means of certain marks the exact pronounciation which the vowels or
consonants have acquired in the different words by use or acceptation.
I have ascertained the different sounds of each letter and especially
of the vowels not only of the present English language, but also as
far as I could of other languages from which the English has borrowed
so largely. Having reduced these sounds to a certain category and
expressed them by certain marks over, below, or across the letters with
examples denoting them I have called it a synoptic system or a system
by which you can see at a glance the pronounciation which has to be
given to English or foreign words.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR GENERATING STEAM, AND FOR CONSUMING SMOKE
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Teer at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
November 1872.
I, JOHN TEER, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Bricklayer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR GENERATING STEAM, AND FOR CONSUMING SMOKE,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention is applicable to steam boilers of the ordinary con-
struction, and it consists in conveying the products of combustion from
the ordinary fire-grates into a combustion chamber or furnace, placed by
preference under the boiler; this combustion chamber or supplementary
furnace is provided with fuel through a side door, and the bed of the
furnace is made of fire-brick or of brick and iron; the products of
combustion from the fire-grates are conveyed by flues to the combustion
chamber or furnace, and in passing over the incandescent fuel in the com-
bustion chamber or furnace all the inflammable particles are consumed.

page_text: By this means fuel is economised and smoke is entirely, or to a great
extent, avoided. In chemical works or other works in which noxious
fumes are generated, these noxious fumes are conveyed into the com-
bustion chamber or furnace, and they are destroyed or disinfected by the
heat of the furnace before escaping into the atmosphere.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FILTERING OIL AND OTHER LIQUIDS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles William Heaton and
Ernest Edward Henry Francis at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 13th March 1872.
We, CHARLES WILLIAM HEATON and ERNEST EDWARD HENRY
FRANCIS, both of the Charing Cross Hospital, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR FILTERING OIL AND OTHER LIQUIDS," to be as follows:-
The apparatus consists of a cylinder the top and bottom of which are
of iron or other metal, and the sides of perforated metal or of wire
trellis, protected by perpendicular rods inside and covered with wire
gauze, felt, or some other fabric. From an aperture in the top a pipe
proceeds, which is connected by a lateral pipe with a perpendicular
pipe 30 or 40 feet in height. The sides of the cylinder are accurately
covered with unglazed paper, the cylinder, lateral pipe, and perpendicular
pipe are filled with a portion of the filtered liquid, and the cylinder is
then immersed in the liquid to be filtered. The apparatus then acts as
a syphon, the liquid passing inwards through the filter paper into the
cylinder, and then downwards by the perpendicular pipe. To fill the

page_text: apparatus with liquid the perpendicular pipe is carried upwards and
terminates in a small cistern. By closing a stop-cock at the bottom
of the perpendicular pipe, and opening one at the top, the apparatus
may be readily filled from the cistern, the air contained in the cylinder
escaping through a small stop-cock in the roof. It is not necessary that
the filter should be of a cylindrical form, it may have the form of a
cube or bell, or some other form. The lateral pipe which connects the
cylinder with the perpendicular pipe may be made flexible so as to
allow of the cylinder being readily raised from the tank in which it is
immersed. Instead of connecting the cylinder with a perpendicular
pipe it may be connected with a cistern from which the air is exhausted
by an air pump or some other. exhausting apparatus. In this case the
cylinder and lateral pipe will fill themselves.
AN IMPROVED COMBINED APPARATUS FOR HEATING AND MOVING OR FORCING LIQUIDS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Abner Woove and John Watt
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 29th July 1872.
We, ABNER WOOVE and JOHN WATT, of Birkenhead, in the County
of Chester, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED COMBINED APPARATUS FOR HEATING AND MOVING OR FORCING
LIQUIDS," to be as follows:-
1
This consists of a rectangular or other heating vessel provided with
liquid and steam inlets and outlets, in which the liquids are heated by
direct contact with, steam, whether such steam is exhaust or waste
steam as from an engine, or steam from a generator, with which is
combined a force pump of novel construction. The said force pump
has a plunger working in a chamber, the outlet from which is fitted
with only one valve. During the stroke downwards or in one direction
the plunger moves or forces the liquid which has passed by gravity into
the space thereunder past the valve in the desired direction, whilst in
the return stroke it creates a partial vacuum at the back of the valve,

page_text: wherein to the heated liquid flows from the heating chamber at a point
above or about midway of the length of the piston chamber.
Our said apparatus is suitable for heating and forcing feed water
for steam boilers, for heating and moving worts, and other liquids in
breweries and distilleries, and for heating and moving liquids in chemical 5
and dye works, paper manufactories, and in other places.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS APPLIED TO BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 15th April 1872.-A communication from abroad by Pierre
Auguste Vigneau, of No. 64, Faubourg St. Martin, Paris, France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand,
in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS APPLIED TO BOOTS
AND SHOES," a communication to me from abroad by Pierre Auguste
Vigneau, of No. 64, Faubourg St. Martin, Paris, France, to be as
follows:-
Hitherto the half soles and heels of boots and shoes, whether sewn,
nailed, or screwed on, have been fixed so that when it became necessary
to repair the soles or heels the worn sole or heel could not be removed
and a fresh one substituted without recourse to the boot maker.
The object of this Invention is to enable any person to half sole and

page_text: The Invention consists in the use of a particular form of screw, and
of a washer or stop plate placed between the tread or moveable bottom
part of heel and the fixed upper part, the half soles and heels being of
ordinary make. The screw is of a conical shape, tapering from top to
bottom, the diameter increasing immediately above the scrow thread so 5
as to form a shoulder between head and stem; but the important feature
of this screw is that it has a vertical groove on each side of its head
instead of the ordinary groove across the top for the reception of the
screwdriver. The washer or stop plate placed between tread of heel
and its upper part consists of a flat plate to be fixed by ordinary screws 10
to the upper part of heel, and of a flange which covers the front edge of
the shifting tread. Both screws and plates may be made of steel, copper,
brass, or any suitable metal or material.
The half soles and shifting part of heel may be made of one or several
pieces of superposed leather or other material, the length of the screws 15
being proportioned to their thickness.
The half soles and heels should be numbered, so that the bootmaker
may at any time be able to deliver to the purchaser of a pair of boots
and shoes as many changes of the proper size as he may desire.
When a half sole or heel is to be removed, a forked tool or screwdriver 20
is placed over the head of the screw, so that each of its branches passes
into one of the vertical grooves, whereby on turning the tool the screw
drawn out.
is at once
It will be evident that however great the wear, there will always be a
hold for the screwdriver, which would not be the case if the ordinary 28
horizontal groove were used, and that it is the use of this particular
screw which renders this Invention practicable.
A NEW OR IMPROVED MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR PACKING DRY SOAP, STARCH, CORN FLOUR, BAKING POWDER, MUSTARD, TEA, COFFEE, OR ANY OTHER ARTICLE IN A POWDER OR GRANULATED STATE
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Hemingway at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th November 1872.
I, SAMUEL HEMINGWAY, of Bradford, in the County of York, Dry
Soap Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR PACKING DRY
SOAP, STARCH, CORN FLOUR, BAKING POWDER, MUSTARD, TEA, COFFEE, OR ANY
OTHER ARTICLE IN A POWDER OR GRANULATED STATE," to be as follows:-
This apparatus consists of a series of receptacles of suitable size and
form according to the size and form of the required packages, which are
conveniently arranged and supported in framework. These receptacles
are open at top to receive the bags or packing wrappers (which are
formed in the usual way) and closed at bottom with a false bottom,
in each which are attached to stems passing respectively through per-
forations in the fixed bottoms. Also of a portable hopper in which are
arranged and fixed a series of outlet tubes or passages equal in
number, form, and arrangement to the receptacles, but of less dimensions,
so as to be capable of entering freely when applied, or the bags or

page_text: packing wrappers placed over them. A proper quantity of the dry soap
or other article to be packed is put into the hopper which thence passes
through the tubes to the bags filling each. The hopper is then removed
and the top ends of the bags or packages closed by hand in the usual
manner, when by means of a lever or combinations of levers, screws, cams
or other mechanical contrivance brought to bear and operate on the
stems of the false bottoms the packages are forced or lifted out of the
receptacles. Or in some cases the apparatus may be so constructed as
that when the packages are filled and the top ends closed, the said
apparatus may be turned over, bottoms upward, and the packages forced
out downwards by the attendant operating on the stems of the false
bottoms.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Augustus Burges Barry at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents; with his Petition, on the
8th July 1872.
I, AUGUSTUS BURGES BARRY, of Colonial Chambers, Crutched Friars,
in the City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES," to be as follows (that is to
say) :-
This Invention relates to an improved method of driving sewing
machines, whereby the present hand and treadle systems are superseded
and the object is attained in a much more satisfactory manner, and
consists in the application of a helical or other suitable spring attached
to or in connection with the spindles or levers actuating or giving motion
to the needle and other part or parts of the machine, and in such a
manner as to effect the required object.
The method of application will of course vary considerably with the
differently constructed machines to which this Invention may be
adapted, of which variations the two principal may be given as
examples. In the one case the spindles giving motion to the needle
and the feed apparatus require a rotary motion imparted to them, and

page_text: this may be conveniently accomplished by the direct rotary motion of
the spring or of the spur, or other suitable gearing in connection
therewith, the speed being controlled or regulated by a chain of wheels,
worm, or other suitable contrivance. In the other case where one or
each of the said parts is worked by a lever requiring a reciprocatory
instead of a rotary motion, such reciprocatory motion may be con-
veniently obtained by causing the said spring in its rotary motion,
or that of the gearing in connection therewith, to actuate a cam or
cams, or other suitable contrivance suitably used or applied, the speed
being regulated in a manner similar to that already described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VESSELS' STEERING APPARATUS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Edward Lester at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd January 1872.
I, HENRY EDWARD LESTER, junior, of the Victoria Docks, County
5 of Essex, Master Shipwright, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VESSELS' STEERING APPARATUS,” to be as
follows:-
This Invention, which relates to improvements in vessels' steering
apparatus or gear, is applicable to any description of ship or vessel, but
more especially to steam vessels.
In suitable framework mounted on an iron or other foundation plate
bolted to the deck of the vessel either aft or amidships, or if desired
both aft and amidships, I arrange a double chain drum, one chain
coming from underneath the drum in one direction, the other from
underneath the drum in the other direction. Around the drum,
preferably in the centre between the two grooves in which the chains
run, is a cogged wheel, into the upper edge of which take two or more
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SCOTCH BONNETS OR CAPS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Picken at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th Junc
1872.
I, JOHN PICKEN, of Stewarton, in the County of Ayr, North Britain,
Scotch Bonnet Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SCOTCH BONNETS OR
CAPS," to be as follows, that is to say:
-
This Invention has for its object the making of Scotch bonnets or caps,
so as whilst being of a better quality of material and having a superior
appearance to be produced more economically than such bonnets or caps
as hitherto made.
It is considered essential in bonnets or caps of the kind referred to
that the peculiar shapes should be given without any seams being
apparent, and this result is ordinarily attained by knitting the material
forming the bonnet or cap.
By the present Invention the bonnet or cap is made up by uniting
picces of a suitable woven fabric such as the woollen cloths known as

page_text: whitney or pilot cloths; but such cloth is taken prior to its being fulled
or milled and dressed, and after the pieces are sewn together the bonnets
or caps are fulled or milled and dressed, and these processes have the
effect of removing all appearance of the seams.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE-SHOES AND IN NAILS FOR THE SAME
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Tennant Prince and
Ramsey Blakemore at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 27th March 1872.
We, THOMAS TENNANT PRINCE, of Kensington, in the County of
Middlesex, and RAMSEY BLAKEMORE, of Leadenhall Street, in the City
of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN HORSE-SHOES AND IN NAILS FOR THE SAME," to be as
follows:-
The chief object of this Invention is to prevent horses from slipping
on pavement or roads, and it is particularly applicable for preventing
horses from slipping on the asphalte pavement now so much used in
cities, towns, and thoroughfares generally.
The Invention consist in forming a groove on the under or working
side of horse shoes in which we insert a piece or strip of india-rubber,
gutta percha, or other suitable material, considerably softer than iron,
which may be smooth or roughened on its surface; we prefer to make
the groove with a dovetail, whereby the india-rubber or other material is
retained in the groove. When in use the strip or pad acts as a medium,

page_text: to prevent horses shod with shoes made in the manner aforesaid from
slipping. If the strip or pad becomes worn or torn, a new piece is
inserted.
The nails are made with a shoulder or thick portion under the head
in order that the thick portion may pass through and retain the pad, 5
without unduly jambing the same, while the smaller portion or pointed
end of the nail passes through the metal, and into the hoof of the
animal, and with its shoulder holds the shoe.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF FORMING THE SURFACES OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, FOOTPATHS, PLATFORMS, AND OTHER ROADWAYS, IMPROVEMENTS THE CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, PILLARS, AND OTHER BUILDINGS WHICH ABE APPLICABLE
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by S. G. Gregg and Daniel Evans
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 14th March 1872.
We, S. G. GREGG, of Lombard St., London, and DANIEL EVANS,
of Cassland Road, South Hackney, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF FORMING THE
SURFACES OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, FOOTPATHS, PLATFORMS, AND OTHER ROADWAYS,
IMPROVEMENTS
THE CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES,
PILLARS, AND OTHER BUILDINGS," to be as follows:-
WHICH
ABE
APPLICABLE TO
The first part of our Invention relates to the construction of surfaces
for roadways, footpaths, railways, platforms, and other ways or floors
exposed to wear and tear from the passage of vehicles and other traffic,
and consists as follows:-On a substratum of concrete or other approved
foundation, or it may be on the granite paving already laid down, we
place a material composed of small pieces of granite or of powdered
granite or granite siftings, silica, pebbles, scoriae, or slag, from blast or
other furnaces, or other hard similar substances mixed with lime or
cement and tan, and with or without oxide or peroxide of iron, and

page_text: united into a homogeneous mass by means of a solution of silica, which
forms as it were a solidified "macadam" pavement or road. The
material so formed is exceedingly hard, and will resist much wear
and tear.
We use the same material sometimes in the form of slabs made in frames
of wood or iron at the works, which blocks or slabs may be quickly
placed in position in streets or ways without hindrance to traffic. We
leave spaces between these blocks or slabs, which we afterwards solidify
together with the same materials and solution. We also insert in the
material above described used for paving, whether in the form of blocks
or otherwise, angle iron, T iron, or iron of other forms, and wood, or
pipes of metal placed vertically or horizontally therein, and these latter
are to be filled with the compound already described, and the use of the
iron or wood is to give foothold for horses. We also rough the iron
to prevent horses from slipping, and indent the slabs for the like
purpose.
The second part of our Invention relates to the construction of
bridges, piers, and pillars. We construct the arch in a solid mass of
the same compound material as used for paving, strengthened by ribs of
cast or wrought iron, & in the case of pillars we employ a hollow tube
of iron and fill it with the compound material; around this tube we
place blocks of the compound material which may be encompassed by
granite, marble, or other material.
In the construction of other parts of buildings we employ blocks
or slabs of the same compound material with or without the use of
iron.