Improvements in Bakers and other Ovens
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd Apr., 1887
Complete Left, 23rd Jan., 1888
Complete Accepted, 9th Mar., 1888
WILLIAM SEDGWICK of 27 Wadham Road Bootle Cum Linacre in the County
Palatino of Lancaster, Bricklayer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:-
Improvements in Bakers and other Ovens, constructed so as to produce and apply
the heat in and around the Oven, and to retain the same by means of a Furnace placed at
the bottom of the Oven, entirely Smokeless and so constructed to heat flues constructed
of Brick Work or other material in such a manner that the heat passes from them into
Chambers to heat air so as to be utalised in Baking, from which Chambers heated air
is circulated by means of pipes fixed in the bottom and Crown of the Oven which can
be made single or double decker, or one Oven placed above the other. The Heated
Air is uado to pass up one and around another by means of a natural or forced draft,
or suspended in the same when the proper degrees of heat aro obtained, by means of
damper or Cocks being closed, that are used to admit air into the chambers. By this
arrangement the heat obtained and distributed all round the Oven, and retained to
effect dispatch with economy in Baking and for other purposes by the means herein
setforth so as to make it a continual Heating Oven.

page_text: I, WILLIAM SEDGWICK of No. 27 Wadham Road Bootle in the County of Lancaster,
Builder do hereby declaro the nature of this invention and in what manner the same
is to bo performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
This invention has for object improvements in bakers' ovens and has reference to an
oven in which the baking may go on continuously and without interruption, the oven
may be either a single or what is known as a "decker" oven and consists of a special
furnace and arrangement of Hues by which the oven is heated externally and an air
chamber from which hot air passes to the oven and heats it internally, suitable
dampers being provided to diminish or increase the heat as may be desired. To effect
my improvements 1 construct the oven of one or more "decks" or compartments,
each of which is provided with the usual appliances of doors and fittings.
To enable this invention to be properly understood I will describe tho same by the
aid of the accompanying drawings in which the same letters are used to denote the
same parts in different views.
Figure 1 represents the front elevation of two ovens each having two "decks"
the left hand having the doors and plugs closed and the right hand one open.
Figuro 2 is the back clevation of two ovens as in figure 1 namely to shew the
direction of the beating gases.
Figuro 3 is a transverse sectional elevation of two ovens as in figure 1.
Figures 4 and 4a are sectional plans through the flues respectively under and over
the upper baking compartment.
Figure is a longitudinal sectional elevation.
Figure 6 is a horizontal section shewing the flues leading directly from the
fireplace.
Figure 6a is a horizontal section at the line J J.
The baking or receiving compartments A A of the oven are preferably flat at the
bottom and arched at the top. They may be of other shape. Through the top of
each compartment A the flues CC (usually shaped or semi-circular in section)
project. As the hot gases pass from the fireplace B they enter the flues ( C from
which the heat is radiated over the goods to be baked while heat is also obtained from
below through the ordinary flues CC along which the hot gases travel on their way
from the fireplace B to the flues CC (natural or forced draught may be used). So
that a much greater heating surface is provided by my improvements than in ovens
hitherto constructed.
The fireplace B (which is preferably at the back but may be placed at either side or
the front of the oven) is provided with a flap or door B which when closed causes
slow combustion of the fuel and when open allows draught to promote a quick
combustion by admitting air to the fire. The fuel used may be coke, coal or
other fuel,

page_text: Over the fireplace B I construct a chamber D in which air admitted through a
damper D¹ or by other means is heated and from which the hot air is passed through
tube D2 and damper D³ to the compartment A. A sliding damper A² permits the hot
air and steam to escape from compartment A when it is desirod to reduce the
temperature in A.
As illustrated a boiler E is placed near the chimnoy H and is heated by the wasto
products of combustion before they pass up the chimney H. In this boiler steam is
generated which passing through tubes E' to the interior of compartment A causes a
current of hot air from chamber D to become mingled with it near damper D³ and the
hot air and steam together are directed through perforations in tubes D upon the
goods to be baked browning their oxternal parts by the "flash" or sudden heat thus
produced and which is altogether free from sulphurous and deleterious gases. The
steam may be otherwise obtained and it may simply be admitted into A.
Steam and hot water from the boiler can also be conveyed by tubes E' to the bake-
house where they may be used for proving, cleansing and other purposes. By closing
damper D3 steam can be admitted to compartment A without hot air and by opening
damper D³ and shutting off the steam by means of any suitable cock or valve, hot air
as above can be admitted to compartment A.
FF are plugs or doors which when open admit cold air to flues C C to reduce the
internal temperature of compartment A when desired without permitting hot air
therefrom to enter the bakehouse, the flaps or doors 13 being at the same time closed.
These plugs or doors F F may also be used for the purpose of cleaning flues C C
the soot from which being collected in pits F1 F1 placed at one end of each flue.
The arrows indicate the course taken by the products of combustion as they pass
from fireplace B along flues C C to chimney H.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is :-
1. In baking ovens adapted for continual heating effecting the heating from an
external fireplace when a set of □ or other shaped flues are arranged substantially as
described.
2. In baking ovens adapted for continual heating by flues such as are claimed in the
above first claim a chamber for heating air all in the manner for the purposes
described.
3. In baking ovens adapted for continual heating by flues and with a chamber to
allow of air being heated as claimed in the above second claim the admission of
intimately mixed steam and hot air (as through tube D) or other steam or air
separately all in the manner and for the purpose described.
4. The arrangement and construction of parts forming the improved baking oven
substantially as hereinbefore described and represented in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 4a, 5, 6, 6a,
of the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 21st day of January 1888.