IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO STEAM ENGINES FOR HEATING AND PURIFYING WATER, AND HEATING AIR OR OTHER FLUIDS, AND FOR CON- DENSING EXHAUST STEAM
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Wright, of Tipton, in the County of Stafford, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO STEAM ENGINES FOR HEATING
AND PURIFYING WATER, AND HEATING AIR OR OTHER FLUIDS, AND FOR CON-
DENSING EXHAUST STEAM.”
Sealed the 8th September 1877, and dated the 15th June 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Wright at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th June 1877.
"
JOSEPH WRIGHT, of Tipton, in the County of Stafford. IMPROVEMENTS APPLI-
CABLE TO STEAM ENGINES FOR HEATING AND PURIFYING WATER, AND HEATING AIR
OR OTHER FLUIDS, AND FOR CONDENSING EXHAUST STEAM."
My Invention relates more particularly to apparatus to be employed in connection
with steam engines for utilizing the caloric contained in the exhaust steam for the
heating of the feed water under pressure for the boiler supply in such a manner
that the impurities contained in the water shall be separated and deposited before
the heated water is conducted into the boiler; but my Invention is also applicable
for the purpose of condensing exhaust steam by means of water, air, or other fluids,
and also for heating air and other fluids by means of the exhaust steam for the
purpose of heating and warming buildings, railway carriages, and tram cars, heating
the blast of blast engines, and for other purposes, and also as an exhaust steam
interheater for compound engines.
My Invention consists essentially in the employment, for the purposes before
mentioned, of what is known as Berryman's feed water heater compounded or in
combinations of two, three, or more, arranged side by side, or in a row or circle
with intervening partitions, having openings or pipe connections for the passage of
the fluid surrounding the tubes.
In applying the apparatus to a locomotive engine, for example, I arrange in con-
nection with the engine, or attach thereto in any convenient position and in any
suitable manner, a series of heaters fitted in a box chamber or chambers, having
in the water space a partition within each or between each two apparatus of the
series, with openings or with connecting pipes between the several apparatus.

page_text: The chambers are filled with water, and the exhaust steam from the engine is
conducted into and passes through the tubes of the whole series in succession,
transmitting its heat to the water surrounding them contained in the chambers.
The water is thus caused to pass in the reverse direction to the steam, the heated
water ascending to the top of the first heater, and then passing from the top of the
first to the bottom of the second, and then from the top of the second to the bottom
of the third (if three are employed), and so on throughout the remaining heaters
of the series if a greater number than three are used.
The water is boiled or heated whilst subjected to the same pressure as the water
in the boiler, which arrangement greatly assists in precipitating matter held in
suspension in the water when cold.
The partitions in conjunction with the the large clusters of pipes in close proximity
thereto effect the steadying of the water, thus further facilitating the settling of
the impurities, which have been deposited by boiling the water under pressure,
and which are ejected by blow cocks fitted one to each compartment.
When it is required to supply water to the boiler cold water is forced into the
first compartment at one end, the heated water contained in the chambers then
passes from the last compartment into the boiler in equal proportion to the cold
water which has been forced into the first compartment.
In the case of marine engines, when- the feed water is not required to be heated
in this manner, the apparatus compounded, as before mentioned, is available for the
condensation of steam either by the agency of water or of air forced in, in a current
induced by mechanical agency or by the motion of the vessel.
! .
In the case of locomotive engines, the exhaust steam may also be utilized, either
wholly or partially, for the heating of air to be used for warming the carriages
composing the train. Similarly in the case of blast engines, the blast may bé-lieated
by utilizing the caloric contained in the exhaust steam escaping from the engine,
whereby considerable economy is effected.
4
The drip pipes from the heaters may be connected to a pipe leading to a syphon
common to the whole series.
If desired, the heated water from the last compartment, in lieu of being delivered
direct into the. boiler, may be first conducted into an annular or other. chamber or
chambers formed in or about the funnel or chimney, and either separate from or
forming part of the compound heater, the heat of the escaping products of com-
-bustion from the fire-grate being utilized in superheating the water after the caloric
available has been extracted from the exhaust steam in its passage through the
compound heaters.
The heated products of combustion may be caused to pass by a zig-zag or
circuitous course or otherwise, either in the interior or at the exterior of tubes or
passages fitted or formed in the said supplementary chamber or chambers, as
desired.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Joseph Wright in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 15th
December 1877.
JOSEPH WRIGHT, of Tipton, in the County of Stafford. "IMPROVEMENTS APPLI-
CABLE TO STEAM ENGINES FOR HEATING AND PURIFYING WATER, AND HEATING AIR
OR OTHER FLUIDS, AND FOR CONDENSING EXHAUST STEAM."
My said Invention relates more particularly to apparatus to be employed in con-
nection with steam engines for utilizing the caloric contained in the exhaust steam,
for the heating of the feed water under pressure for the boiler supply in such a
manner that the impurities contained in the water shall be separated and deposited
before the heated water is conducted into the boiler; but my said Invention is also
applicable for the purpose of condensing exhaust steam by means of water, air, or
other fluids, and also for heating air and other fluids by means of the exhaust steam
for the purpose of heating and warming buildings, railway carriages, and tram cars,
heating the blast of blast engines, and for other purposes, and also as an exhaust
steam interheater for compound engines.
My said Invention consists essentially in the employment for the purposes before
mentioned, either alone or in conjunction with auxiliary apparatus, of what is
known as Berryman's feed-water heater, compounded or in combinations of two,
three, or more, arranged side by side, or in a row or circle with intervening
partitions, having openings or pipe connections for the passage of the fluid sur-.
rounding the tubes.
In order that my said Invention may be perfectly understood, I shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose shall refer to
the several Figures on the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, which illustrate some
modes of applying the Invention to locomotive engines for the purpose of heating
the feed water before it is introduced into the boiler, by the aid of which examples
the Invention may be readily adapted to meet special cases by competent persons
skilled in the arts.
Figure 1 of my Drawings represents a side elevation of a portion of a locomotive
engine with a compound feed-water heater applied thereto (the same being shewn
in sectional elevation); Figure 2 is a sectional plan corresponding to Figure 1;
and Figure 3 is a similar view to Figure 1, illustrating a modification.
Referring to Figures 1 and 2 of my Drawings, A represents a portion of the boiler
of a locomotive engine in any convenient position, on which (as, for example, that
shewn in the Drawing) I arrange a box B, which is divided by vertical partitions
a, a¹, and doubly inclined partitions b, b¹, b², into a series of chambers C, C¹, C²,
communicating the one with the other by means of either openings c, c¹, as shewn
by full lines in Figure 1, or pipes d, d, as indicated by dotted lines in that Figure.
The bottoms b, 61, 63, of the respective chambers C, C1, C2, (which are made of a
doubly inclined form, as before mentioned) constitute tube plates, in which are
expanded the ends of a number of series of n bent tubes D, D1, D2, whilst below
the said tube plates and between them and the bottom of the box there is formed
another chamber, which is divided into compartments E, E¹, E³, Es, by partitions
g. g, g, having small apertures flat the bottom for the passage of the water of
condensation. The apparatus as thus constructed consists essentially of a series of
what are known as Berryman's heaters, employed in combination, the set of tubes
corresponding to each component heater, being separated from those of the adjacent
component heater by partitions, having apertures or pipe connections for inter-
communication between the several chambers.
The chambers C, C', C, are filled with water, to, say, the height or level indicated
at 1, 2, from a tank or tender by means of a feed pump connected with the pipe h
or otherwise, and the engine being in operation the exhaust steam from the engine
cylinders is conducted by the pipe i into the compartment E, whence it passes
through the tubes D into the compartment E¹, and then through the tubes D¹ into

page_text: the compartment E³, and thence through the tubes D into the compartment E³,
from which any steam which may remain uncondensed escapes by a pipe k into
the atmosphere, tlie water of condensation being conveyed away by a syphon
pipe common to the whole series.
เ
The exhaust steam in its passage through the tubes transmits its heat to the
water surrounding them. contained in the chambers, and the water is thus caused
to traverse the chambers in the reverse direction to the steam; for example,
assuming that the arrangement shewn by full lines in Figure 1 is adopted, the
heated water ascends to the upper part of the chamber C², and then passing through
the opening in the partition a¹ into the chamber C¹ descends to the lower part
of the said chamber; whence passing through the opening c in the partition a it
nscends to the upper part of the chamber C; when the modification indicated by
dotted lines in Figure 1 is employed a similar result is obtained, the water which
has ascended to the upper part of the chamber * descends by the pipe d¹ to tho
lower part of the chamber C, and thence rising in the said chamber it descends
through the pipe d to the lower part of the chamber O, and then rises to the upper
part of the last-mentioned chamber:
The compound heater is in communication with the boiler by means of a pipe m
leading from the upper part of the chamber C and terminating at its lower end in
the boiler, so that the water in the compound heater is boiled or heated whilst
subjected to the same pressure as the water contained in the boiler,, which arrange-
ment greatly assists in precipitating matter held in suspension in the water when
cold.
The partitions in conjunction with the large clusters of tubes in close proximity
thereto effect the steadying of the water, thus further facilitating the settling of
the impurities which have been deposited by boiling the water under pressure and
which are ejected by blow cocks at n, n¹, n³, fitted to the respective chambers
C, C¹³, 0%
If found desirable additional partitions may be used, one in the centre of each of
the said chambers within the bends of the tubes, in order to augment the steadying 3
nction upon the water obtained by means of the side partitions and the clusters
of tubes. When it is required to supply water to the boiler; cold water is forced (
through the pipe into the chamber C, the heated water contained in the chambers
then passes from the last chamber C through the pipe m into the boiler in equal
proportion to the cold water which has been forced into the chamber C³.
In the case of marine engines, when the feed water is not required to be heated
in this manner, the apparatus compounded, as before mentioned, is available for the
condensation of steam either by the agency of water or of air forced in in a current
induced by mechanical agency or by the motion of the vessel.
3
In the case of locomotive engines, the exhaust steam may also be utilized, either 4
wholly or partially, for the heating of air to be used for warming the carriages
composing the train. Similarly in the case of blast engines the blast may be
heated by utilizing the caloric contained in the exhaust steam escaping from the
engine, whereby considerable economy is effected.
If desired, the heated water from the last chamber, in lieu of being delivered 4
direct into the boiler; may be first conducted into an annular or other chamber or
chambers formed in or about the funnel or chimney, and either separate from or
forming part of the compound heater, the heat of the escaping products of com-
bustion from the fire-grate being utilized in superheating the water after the caloric
available has been extracted from the exhaust steam in its passage through the 5
compound heaters.
The heated products of combustion may be caused to pass by a zig-zag or .
circuitous course, or otherwise, either in the interior or at the exterior of tubes or
passages fitted or formed in the said supplementary chamber or chambers, as
desired. An example of this modification is illustrated in Figure 3, and next 5
herein after described; B' is a box_containing an annular water chamber C³, and
also an internal cylindrical space F and an outer annular space F, both formed

page_text: with spiral conduits for the heated products of combustion. The heated water from
the chamber C is conducted by the pipe m¹ into the chamber C³, where it is
further heated or superheated by the passage of the heated products of combustion
from the fire-grate, which entering at o traverse the spiral conduits F, F1, in
succession, as indicated by the arrows, and escape at p into the funnel or chimney G,
the heated water from the chamber C3 being introduced into the boiler by the
pipe m in proportion as cold water is supplied to the chamber C, as herein-before
described with referenee to the arrangement illustrated by Figures 1 and 2.
In the modification lastly herein-before described the compound heater B is
composed of two Berryman heaters only, whilst in the arrangement previously
described three Berryman heaters are used; but the number may be varied in either
case, provided that not less than two be employed, and two or more compound
heaters or apparatus may be applied to one engine, or otherwise used in combination
if found desirable.
The details of construction and arrangement of the apparatus will also necessarily
be otherwise modified, and its location will be varied to meet the exigencies of
particular cases, as will be perfectly understood.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said Inven-
tion, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into effect, I
would observe in conclusion that what I consider to be novel and original and
therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before in part recited
Letters Patent is,― .
First. The employment of what is known as Berryman's feed water heater
compounded or in combinations of two or more, arranged and applied substantially
in the manner and for the purposes herein-before described.
Secondly. The general arrangement and combination of apparatus, substantially
as herein-before described and illustrated by Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying
Drawings.
Thirdly. The general arrangement and combination of apparatus, substantially
as herein-before described and illustrated by Figure 3 of the accompanying
Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Wright, have to this my Specification
set my hand and seal, this Eighth day of December, One thousand eight
hundred and seventy-seven.