Clay-ware and in Potters' "Jollies" or Machines therefor.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 29th Jan., 1887
Complete Left, 27th Oct., 1887
Complete Accepted, 2nd Dec., 1887
Clay-ware and in Potters' "Jollies" or Machines therefor.
I, PETER GRAHAM, of the Clarence Potteries, Stockton-on-Tees, in the county of
Durham, Pottery Manager, do hereby declare the nature of my invention to be as
follows:-
--
My said invention comprises certain improvements in the mode of and the means
or construction of Potter's "Jollies" or machines for manufacturing, elliptical or oval
hollow clay-ware, such as pie dishes or oval jelly-cans, or other open-mouthed elliptical
jars or ware, from the clay within revolving moulds; which invention and improved
machines or mechanism will enable such elliptical hollow clay ware to be manufactured
more perfect and regular in thickness as well as much quicker and with less skilled
labour than heretofore.
The nature and novelty of the invention as carried out under one modification of my
new or improved construction of Potter's "Jolly" or machine consist all as follows:-
The improved machine is so far substantially the same as the ordinary "Jolly" for
forming common jelly-cans and other such light round hollow ware in moulds open
on the top and placed in a revolving cup secured on the top of the vertical revolving
spindle of the machine mounted in neck bush bearing and footstep in the centre of a
tall open vertical frame in front, with suitable cross carrying rails and side rails and
angled stays securing this front frame to a lower back frame, all screwed to a suitable
sole-plate. The cross rails of these front and back frames carry the front and back
journal bearing blocks of a first-motion horizontal driving shaft with its belt pulley on
back end, and large friction driving disc on the front end, which drives, the friction
edge rim pulley wheel on the lower part of the vertical spindle carrying the moulds
on top, and driven at different speeds according to the position to which the rim
wheel is shifted on its spindle to work on the differential speed driving disc, which is
pressed up against the edge rim pulley to drive it by a centre screw acting on the
back end of its driving shaft, and secured in the short vertical arm of a bell-crank
lever arrangement carried on a fulcrum centre fixed in brackets secured to the back
frame. By these improvements, the horizontal arm of this lever has a heavy weight
on it, and has its front end connected by a regulating screw on its actuating rod,
connected at its top end to the front arm on the main overhead hand lever of the
machine, and which is fulcrumed on a transverse stud .carried by a bracket secured to
the angled back stay at top of the front vertical frame. This top lever has its back
arm also weighted, while its front long arm projects through the front frame
convenient for the attendant to pull it down in front to bring the driving gearing and
spindle into action through the weighted bell-crank lever below, as also the profile

page_text: "
vane and its improved arrangement of mechanism for shaping the inside of the clay
articles within the moulds, at the same time the spindle and mould are set in motion,
all as will hereinafter be described. The heavy weight on the upper lever takes all its
mechanism out of action as soon as its front arm is let go by the attendant; this
weight on the upper lever also actuates a hell crank connected to the lower end of the
rod which lifts the lower weighted lever, and which bell-crank is so fulcrumed on the
bed plate of the machine as to bring a friction strap into action on a brake pulley on
the lower end of the mould spindle to stop it at the moment the frictional driving
gearing is thrown out of action by the levers as described.
My improvements also consist in applying to the hereinbefore described construction
of machines, portable hollow elliptical moulds, of the size and shape inside, which
shall correspond to and form the outside shape of the clay vessel, which is then shaped
inside by passing down into the mould (after the soft clay has been inserted) the
reciprocating and oscillating profile vane; a mould being inserted for so making each
vessel or article, and removed when formed, from the rotating and retaining cup
secured on the top of the vertical spindle. And further and mainly my improvements
consist in a new or improved arrangement of mechanism for elliptically moving and
reciprocating the profile to so shape the interior of the article. This improved
mechanism consists in mounting in vertical planed slide guides in the upper part of
the front frame, a light vertically sliding horizontal frame preferably transversely and
open with internal parallel planed horizontal slides, fitted with a horizontally
reciprocated slide block, formed with a central eye or bearing to carry the short
oscillating spindle of the profile vane, which is screwed vertically to a narrow flange
on the spindle below the slide block, and having a thin guard plate above the profile
to prevent any of the clay getting up to the bearing or working parts of the slide
block. This slide block is formed with a joint and pin at one end connected to the
near end of its reciprocating eccentric rod, and the spindle of the profile has a short
lateral lever and vertical pin connected to the near end of another eccentric rod to
oscillate these while they are reciprocated to-and-fro with the sliding block. The said
vertically sliding frame (carrying the horizontal sliding block of the profile spindle)
has the lower end of a long vertical guide bar secured to it, which works up and down
through a guide in the top of the front frame, and at its top end has jointed to it the
upper end of a connecting-rod or link, the lower end of which is jointed to the front
arm of the before-mentioned counter-weighted hand lever actuated by the potter in
front of the revolving spindle and moulds all so as to lower or raise the said open
guide frame carrying the reciprocating and oscillating profile, which is thus inserted
and withdrawn from the interior of each mould to shape the interior of the vessel or
article while revolving. The proper reciprocation and oscillation of the profile on its
spindle to suit the revolution of the spindle and mould to so form the elliptical vessels,
consists in mounting a long vertical shaft in suitable bearings on one side of the front
frame, geared and actuated by spur wheels from the spindle of the moulds at two
revolutions to one of the latter. This shaft is passed up through one end of the open
frame carrying the profile, and at this part has two small eccentrics cast or secured
together at a proper angle to each other to actuate the straps and rods of the profile
block and its spindle as before described. These eccentrics are mounted on the long
spindle by a groove and feather, which allow them while rotated to travel up and
down with the traversing frame to which they are connected by a grooved boss and
embracing clutch bracket or bar screwed to the traversing frame. Either the small
spur wheel on the eccentric shaft or that of the driving one of the mould spindle
would be secured by a screw steel stud or other equivalent to set them exactly in
proper geared position so that the profile would always be in proper right line to the
axes or centres of the ellipse of the mould and at a proper distance from the inner
surface of the mould during each revolution.

page_text: Improvements in and Connected with the Manufacture of Hollow
Clay-ware and in Potters' "Jollies" or Machines therefor.
I, PETER GRAHAM, of the Clarence Potteries, Stockton-on-Tees, in the county of
Durham, Pottery Manager, do hereby declare the nature of my invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement in writing, reference being had to the accompanying
Sheet of Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:-
My said Invention comprises certain improvements in the mode and means of, and
improved construction of potter's "jollies" or machines for, manufacturing elliptical
or oval hollow clay-ware, such as pie dishes or oval jelly-cans, or other open-mouthed
elliptical jars or ware, from the plastic clay placed within the revolving moulds
which invention and improved machines or mechanism will enable such elliptical
hollow clay-ware to be manufactured more perfect and regular in thickness as well as
much quicker and with less skilled labour than heretofore.
;
And in order that my said invention, and the manner of performing or carrying
the same into effect or practice may be properly understood I have hereunto appended
an explanatory Sheet of Drawings, in which the same reference letters are used to
indicate corresponding parts in all the Figures where shown. Figures 1 and 2 are
respectively a sectional side elevation and a front elevation corresponding to each
other, of one arrangement and combination of the parts of a potter's vertical spindle
rotating machine or jolly, constructed in accordance with and embodying the
improvements of my invention for the new mode and means of manufacturing
elliptical or oval clay ware; and Figures 3 and 4 are a sectional elevation and plan
respectively of the vertically traversing frame 1, as detached from the machine which
carries and actuates the spindle plate of the elliptical or reciprocating and oscillating
profile for forming the interior of the hollow-ware. Figures 5 and 6 are vertical
elevations at right angles to each other, of the reciprocating and oscillating spindle
and plate detached, from its frame Figures 3 and 4, and to an enlarged scale, for
carrying and actuating the various shaped detachable profiles p, which form the interior
of the elliptical hollow ware.
Referring to these Drawings:-The improved machine is in a great measure the
same as the ordinary "Jolly" for forming common Jelly-cans and other such like
round hollow ware in moulds open on the top and placed in a revolving cup as at A
which is usually round but by my improvements would be of an elliptical or other
convenient shape to receive the various sized elliptically shaped moulds suitable for
the dishes to be formed according to my improvements. This cup A is secured or
screwed as usual on the top of the vertical revolving spindle B of the machine
mounted in a neck bush bearing B' and footsteps B² on the sole-plate D near the
centre of the tall open vertical front frame C, with suitable cross carrying rails and
brackets C, C, and side rails and angled stay or stays C³ securing this front
frame C to the lower back frame (", all screwed to the sole-plate D. The cross rails

page_text: and brackets C, C₁, of these front and back frames C, C+, carry the back and front
journal bearing blocks E of a first-motion horizontal driving shaft E with its belt
pulley E on its back end, and the large friction driving disc F on the front end,
which drives the friction edge rim pulley wheel F' secured by a shifting key and
groove or feather on the lower part of the vertical spindlo B carrying the mould
cup A on top, and driven at different speeds according to the position to which the
rim wheel is shifted on its spindle B to work on the differential speed driving
disc F, which is pressed up against the edge rim pulley F, to drive it by a centre
screw G acting on the back end of the driving shaft E which is free to move slightly
endways in its bearings E E¹ and secured in the short vertical arm G¹ of the
spindle H carried in brackets H¹ secured to the back frame of this, with horizontal
weighted lever G2 G3 acting as a bellcrank lever arrangement. By these improve-
ments, the horizontal arm G² G³, of the bellerank has its front end connected
by a regulating screw on its actuating rod y, connected at its top end g" to the
front arm on the main overhead hand lever II of the machine, and which is
fulcrumed on a transverse stud at i carried by a bracket secured to the angled back
stay at the upper part of the front vertical frame C. This top lever I, I, is fitted
with a counterweight I, while its front long arm 1 projects through the front frame C
convenient for the attendant to pull it down by a suitable handle at in front to bring
the driving friction gearing F, F, and spindle B into action through the weighted
bell-crank lever arrangement G to G3 below, as also to bring down the profile vane p
and its improved carrying frame, L, and mechanism for shaping the inside of the pots
or clay articles within the moulds A¹ placed in the cup.A, at the same time as the
spindle B and mould A are set in motion, all as will hereinafter be described. The
heavy weight on the upper lever I takes all the driving and shaping mechanism
out of action as soon as its front arm L is let go by the attendant; this weight I² on
the upper lever I also actuates a bell crank arrangement connected to the lower
end of the rod g which lifts the lower weighted lever G2, G3, and which bell-
crank is so fulcrumed on the spindle and bed-plate D of the machine as to
bring by the lever h¹ and rod ³ a friction strap into action on the brake pulley J
secured on the lower end of the mould spindle B to stop it at the moment the
frictional driving disc is relieved from its transmitting wheel F by the upper
levers as described, and relieve it when the friction driving wheels F, F, were
brought into action.
My improvements also consist in applying to the hereinbefore described construction
of machine or machines, portable hollow elliptical moulds A³ secured in the revolving
cup A of the size and shape inside, which shall correspond to and form the outside
shape of the pot or clay vessel to be formed, which is then shaped inside by passing
the profile vanep down into the mould after the plastic clay has been inserted by
hand. A mould A' with the clay in it is inserted into the rotating metal cup A for
so making each vessel or article, and the mould A¹ removed when the pot or article is
formed in it, from its rotating and retaining cup A secured on the top of the vertical
spindle B. And further and mainly my improvements consist in a new or improved
arrangement of mechanism carried in the frame L and actuating gearing for radially
moving and reciprocating the profile p to so shape the interior of the article as will
hereinafter be described. This improved mechanism consists in mounting on the
vertical planed slide guides c in the upper part of the front frame C, a light vertically
sliding horizontal open frame L, by the end slides el preferably horizontally and
transversely over the mould case A, as seen particularly in the detached views
Figures 3 and 4, with internal parallel planed horizontal slides a fitted with a
horizontally reciprocated slide block a formed with a deep central eye or bearing a²
to carry the short oscillating spindle b of the plate and bracket 662 for carrying the
profile vane and shown detached in Figures 5 and 6, the profile vane P being
screwed vertically in line of the axis of the spindle b, to the narrow flange on the
spindle plate below the slide block a¹, a², and having the thin guard plate above
the profile to prevent any of the clay getting up to the bearing or working parts of
the slide block a', a. This slide block a a is formed with a joint and pin at a³ at

page_text: P
one end connected to the near end of its reciprocating eccentric and rod d, d'; and
the spindle 6 or its plate of the profile p has a short vertical crank pin e secured in
it, or in a lateral lever at el at right angles to the profile p and connected to the near
end of the rod e² of another eccentric e preferably formed in one with the eccentric d
and at right angles thereto to oscillate these and the profile p on its spindle while
they are reciprocated to-and-fro with the sliding block a¹ on the guides a of the
frame L. The said vertically sliding frame L (carrying the horizontal sliding block
of the profile spindle) has the lower bow end of a long vertical guide bar & secured
to it, which works up and down through a guide at 12 in the top of the front frame C,
and at its top end has jointed to it the upper end of a connecting rod or link 1³, the
lower end of which is jointed to the front arm I of the before-mentioned counter-
weighted hand lever I, I, actuated by the handle at ”, in front of the revolving spindle
and moulds; all so as to lower and raise the said open traversing frame L carrying
the reciprocating and oscillating profile which is thus inserted and withdrawn from
the interior of each mould to shape the interior of the pot or article while revolving.
The proper reciprocation and oscillation of the profile on its spindle b, to suit the
revolution of the spindle and mould to so form the elliptical vessels, consists in
mounting a long vertical shaft M, in suitable journal and footstep bearings m, m,
preferably in the centre of one side of the front frame C, and which is geared and
actuated by a pinion m³ on it from a spur wheel m² on the lower end of the spindle B
of the moulds so that the shaft M will make two revolutions to one of the driving
spindle B. This shaft M is passed up through one end of the open frame L carrying
the profile, and at this part has the two small eccentrics de³ cast or secured
together at right angles to each other to actuate the eccentric straps and the rods d', e²,
of the profile block A, and its spindle as before described. These eccentrics d, e³,
are mounted on the long spindle M by a groove and feather, which allow them while
rotated to travel up and down with the traversing frame L, to which they are con-
nected by the grooved boss d and embracing clutch bracket or bar d screwed to the
iraversing frame L at L'. Either the small spur wheel m¹ on the eccentric shaft M
or that m² of the driving mould spindle B would be secured by a screw steel stud or
other equivalent to set them exactly in proper geared position so that the profile p
would always be in proper position in relation to the revolution of the elliptical
mould and shaft B, and at a uniform distance from its inner surface during each
revolution to leave the clay of the required uniform thickness within the mould A¹.
The action of the parts to form the elliptical vessel in the mould is as follows:-The
mould A' with the clay in it, having been placed in its retaining and rotating cup A
the hand lever I is pulled down, which by the rod y relieves the friction brakej and
brings the first motion shaft E and its friction disc F into gear with the driving
pulley F, so as to put the spindle B into motion, and also the spindle M of the
eccentrics d and 43, which reciprocate and radiate the profile pas hereinafter described
twice during the revolution of the mould A¹, and then bring down the frame L until
the profile p gradually comes down into the clay in the interior of the mould A¹,
which rotates while the eccentrics d and e3 are moving the profile p; so that its acting
edge shall maintain an uniform distance from the inner surface of the elliptical
mould A', containing the clay as the mould revolves under and around it, and at the
same time, moving, or oscillating the profile within the mould so that its plane shall
always coincide with the radius of that part of the curve of the ellipse upon which its
edge is at the moment acting; or in other words so that the acting edge and bottom
of the profile shall always be directly over the centre of, or radial to that part of the
curve of the ellipse on which its inclined edge is at the moment acting, and so form
the interior of the clay vessel and leave it of the equal thickness desired round the
mould A', when the potter then immediately lets go the lever I to allow it to rise by
the weight I, and so immediately stop the whole moving mechanism except the first
motion shaft E, ready for instantly removing the one mould and putting in a fresh
mould. The profiles p would be made of various sizes and shapes to suit the interior
shape and size of the vessel desired. This machine is also equally applicable for the
forming of round pots or vessels by lowering the pinion m¹ on its shaft out of gear

page_text: with the wheel m², and fixing it to prevent rotation, and setting the profile p in any
desired fixed angular position to suit the vessel to be formed. The arrows indicate
the direction of rotation of the spindles and eccentrics.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
First. The construction, or general arrangement and combination of the parts of
Potters "Jollies" or machines for forming or manufacturing elliptical hollow clay-
ware, all substantially as herein described, in reference to and shown in the
accompanying Drawings.
Second. In Potters' "Jollies" or machines, the combination of a second motion
shaft rotating at a velocity of two revolutions to one of the mould and its spindle,
with eccentrics or other equivalent for reciprocating and radially oscillating the
profile, for the manufacture of elliptical hollow clay-ware vessels, all substantially as
herein described in reference to and shown in the accompanying Drawings.
"
Third. In Potters' "Jollies or machines, the carrying of the profile p on a
radiating and oscillating spindle within a laterally reciprocating sliding block a¹, a²,
mounted in a vertical traversing frame L with eccentrics or other equivalents for
simultaneously oscillating and reciprocating the profile, for forming or manufacturing
elliptical hollow clay-ware vessels, all substantially as herein described in reference to
and shown in the accompanying Drawings.
"
Fourth. In Potters' Jollies or machines, for the manufacture of circular or
elliptical hollow clay-ware vessels, the arrangement and combination of mechanism for
simultaneously putting all the actuating parts into or out of gear respectively with
the first motion shaft E by the action of one weighted lever I, I, by moving it in
one direction by hand, for putting them into gear, and automatically putting them
out of gear and instantly stopping them by the weighted lever when let go, all
substantially as herein described, in reference to and shown in the accompanying
Drawings.
Dated this 97th love of Catal. 1987