matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN REAPING AND MOWING MACHINES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Hellard at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th July 1867.
I, ROBERT HELLARD, Reaping Machine Manufacturer, of North Street,
Taunton, in the County of Somerset, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN REAPING AND MOWING MACHINES," to be as
follows:-
1. A drop stay kept down by a spring on the turned or grooved part of the
spindle of the bevel wheel by the inside bearing to keep it from springing out
of gear, which works the knives.
2ly. A tilting (table) side delivery platform to swing on its centre or nearly
so, and to be self-acting or to be worked with the hand or foot.
3ly. A side delivery platform hung with hinges or hooks & twists or joints
to that part or side of the machine against the standing or uncut crop.
4ly. The vane reel to be of iron or steel instead of wood, thus making the
reel vane shaft ends & vane reel of metal, thereby avoiding any spliting of
wood.
5ly. A lever bolt with and without spring, with a claw at the end for throwing
the revolving canvass or other revolving platform and octagon or other rollers
behind the knives in and out of gear, and which claw bolt is fixed behind the
driving wheel on the back part of the frame in a horizontal line pointing
towards the end of the aforesaid roller or rollers.

page_text: 6th. A revolving roller or rollers between the knife bar and the revolving
platform in order to raise the corn, &c. when cuting on to the side delivery,
tilting, & other platforms.
7th. The creepers for getting up the down laid crops, as previously patented
by me on the 11th March 1859 (No. 626), to be made of steel, or cast or !
mallable iron.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ARRANGEMENT OF THE FLUES OF CERTAIN BOILERS FOR GENERATING STEAM
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Credland at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th July 1867.
I, JAMES CREDLAND, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Builder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE ARRANGEMENT OF THE FLUES OF CERTAIN BOILERS FOR GENERATING STEAM,"
to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is the saving of fuel by a better application of
the heat arising from its combustion, and my improvements are applicable to
boilers with one or more internal flues, and where the products of combustion
after passing through the internal flues are then circulated round the exterior
of the boiler by flues formed in brickwork. And my Invention consists in
contracting the flue so that its area is much less than that of the ordinary
flue, and in making the line or face of the brickwork of the flue to come
parallel to the external surface of the boiler, or nearly so, and at an average
distance of about three inches therefrom, the upper part of the flues
terminating a little below the water line of the boiler. The lower part of the
boiler rests upon a wall passing the lengthway of the boiler, and upon each
side of this wall the flues descend to make a recess or receptacle for dust and
soot. The products of combustion pass through the internal flues of the
boiler then return towards the front of the boiler along one external flue at
one side, and then back towards the chimney along the external flue upon

page_text: the other side of the boiler. With my improved arrangement of flues the
heat from the brickwork is thrown more effectively upon the exterior of the
boiler, and the products of combustion pass in a thin layer along the external
surface of the boiler (thus rapidly communicating the heat thereto), and with
such velocity as to keep the flues clean and free from accumulations of soot.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STAYS, BODICES, OR CORSETS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Laura Mary Prewitt at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with her Petition, on the 11th
September 1867.
I, LAURA MARY PREWITT, of the City and County of Bristol, Stay Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN STAYS, BODICES, OR CORSETS," to be as follows (that is to say) :-
This Invention consists in making stays, bodices, or corsets in the following
manner-In the material of the stay, bodice, or corset (and for the sake of
brevity I shall in future use the term stay as comprehending all articles of
the same kind) openings are made in the front in a diagonal direction from
shoulder to waist; these are to be drawn together or partially closed by the
introduction of a piece of elastic webbing or cord. A gusset-shaped opening
is made also in the back, extending only a slight distance down from between
the shoulders; this is also fitted with elastic web or cord. A pair of straps of
elastic material or fitted with elastic ends are attached to the breast of the
stays, and passing over each shoulder are crossed at the back, whence they
are passed under the arms and are secured to a stud in front upon the stay
busk; another pair of similar straps or bands secured at the back, and by
preference, on the inside of the stay, passing through eyelets at the side,
pass thence round the waist, and meeting in front are similarly secured upon
a stud. This form of stay may be used also without these straps, and the
straps may be employed without this stay by applying them to any ordinary
description of stay.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CRUET FRAMES, LIQUOR FRAMES, PICKLE FRAMES, AND OTHER FRAMES FOR HOLDING BOTTLES AND VESSELS, AND IN THE BOTTLES AND VESSELS TO BE HELD IN THE SAID FRAMES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Toft at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th June 1867.
I, CHARLES TOFT, of Handsworth, in the County of Stafford, Modeller, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CRUET
FRAMES, LIQUOR FRAMES, PICKLE FRAMES, AND OTHER FRAMES FOR HOLDING BOTTLES
AND VESSELS, AND IN THE BOTTLES AND VESSELS TO BE HELD IN THE SAID FRAMES,"
to be as follows:-
In cruet frames, liquor frames, and other similar frames as ordinarily
constructed the bottles or vessels are held in the said frames by means of
rings or circular openings through which the bottles or vessels are passed
vertically.
My Invention consists in making cruet frames, liquor frames, and other
similar frames, and the bottles and vessels to be held in the said frames in
the manner herein-after described, whereby the bottles or vessels are placed in
and removed from the frame with great facility, and when placed in the frame
are held very securely therein.
In constructing a cruet frame or other similar frame according to my
Invention in place of the ordinary rings or circular openings I use a series of
semi-rings, or semicircular openings, the open sides of the said semi-rings or
semicircular openings being outwards. The said semi-rings or semicircular

page_text: openings have internally the figure of somewhat more than half a circle. I
make in the body of the bottles or vessels to be held in the frame an annular
groove or depression, the said groove being deepest at its middle; there is thereby
formed a shoulder on the bottle or vessel by means of which shoulder the bottle
or vessel is supported in the frame. The bottles or vessels so made are placed
in the frame by a lateral motion through the open sides of the semi-rings or
semicircular opening, the edges of the said semi-rings or semicircular
openings entering the deepest portion of the annular groove in the bottle or
vessel, the bottle or vessel is thus made to enter the semi-ring or semicircular
opening easily. After the bottle or vessel has been placed in the frame it is
depressed, when the shoulder formed by the top of the groove rests upon the
edges of the the semi-ring or semicircular opening, the bottom of the bottle
or vessel at the seme time resting upon the foot or base of the frame. The
bottle or vessel is thereby supported and securely fixed in the frame. When
it is required to remove a bottle or vessel from the frame the bottle or vessel
is first slightly raised so as to bring the deepest portion of the groove in it
opposite the edges of the semi-ring or semicircular opening, when by a lateral
motion the bottle or vessel may be drawn from the frame.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Martin Samuelson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th September
1867.
I, MARTIN SAMUELSON, of County Buildings, Hull, in the County of York-
shire, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to that class of "lock-stitch" sewing machines wherein
the shuttle is caused to move continually in one direction so as to describe a
complete circle in lieu of reciprocating or traversing to and fro.
In constructing a sewing machine according to my Invention I employ a
shuttle or thread case of a lenticular form, having a curved and pointed
"nose" formed upon one of the sides of the case, such curved and pointed
"nose" being made to describe a circle against a face plate or smooth
surface. A groove or channel is formed on this surface, along which the
needle descends after penetrating the fabric, leaving one side of the loop of
needle thread exposed in order to be caught by the passing nose of the
shuttle. The shuttle thread is contained in a spool turning freely on an axis
of its own in the centre of the shuttle, but this axis of the spool in lieu of
being parallel with the plane of revolution of the shuttle is at right angles to
such plane, hence there is no tendency for the shuttle thread to twist or
become entangled, as it always remaius in the same relative position. This
shuttle is held loosely so as to allow the loop of needle thread to pass freely
over it between the face of a revolving disc and an adjustable guard plate.

page_text: The disc is fast on the end of the main shaft of the machine, from which all
the motions of the machine are directly obtained, and the guard plate is
carried on the contiguous end of a short spindle situate in the same axial line
as the main driving shaft, and carried in an adjustable moveable bracket
secured by a set screw to the base plate of the machine. The shuttle is
driven and held in its proper position by one or more projecting pieces on the
side next the disc which enter corresponding recesses in the face of the
disc, the guard plate being driven by the convex side of the outer shuttle
case. The requisite amount of hold or grip is put upon the shuttle by a helical
spring on the spindle of the guard plate, which is thus kept just sufficiently
close against the shuttle to maintain it in its place, but without obstructing
the free passage of the loop round the shuttle. When a rotatory motion is
imparted to the shaft of the machine the shuttle and the guard plate are
carried round by the action of the disc and describe a complete circle, the
nose of the shuttle being kept in close contact with the face plate by a spring
for that purpose fitted to the guard plate.
Other modes of actuating the said shuttle may be employed, for example,
I may dispense with the guard plate which rotates with the shuttle, and cause
the shuttle to revolve against a fixed plate or surface.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC BEDSTEADS, PART OF WHICH SAID IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO CORNICE POLES, GAS FITTINGS, BALUSTRADES, AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Luke and William Parkes
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th March 1867.
We, ROBERT LUKE and WILLIAM PARKES, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Metallic Bedstead Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
METALLIC BEDSTEADS, PART OF WHICH SAID IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO
CORNICE POLES, GAS FITTINGS, BALUSTRADES, AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES," to be as
follows:-
The first part of our Invention refers to an improved mode or manner of
ornamenting the pillars of bedsteads, and those parts of cornice poles, gas
fittings, balustrades, and 'articles of a similar nature, to which the same may be
applicable. In the kind of embellishment to which this part of our Invention
relates it has been for some time customary in the manufacture of bedsteads to
japan the pillars or rails in various collours, and then to place over the said
pillars or rails an ornamental perforated case of metal, which has been either
of brass or zinc japanned. Now our improvements consist in making the
casing, as heretofore, of brass, zinc, or any other suitable metal; but instead
of japanning or painting this outer casing we either gild, silver, or otherwise
electroplate the said outer case. In addition to the ordinary manner of
preparing the pillar, rail, or tube for its perforated case by japanning or
painting we employ the enamel process now used by the Patent Enamel

page_text: Company; we also sometimes employ a brass tube, or an iron tube cased with
brass, which we gild, silver, or otherwise electroplate.
In the manufacture of cots or other like articles having flat surfaces we
provide sheets of japanned or enamelled iron or other metal to form the sides,
and at either side of the said metal sheets place the plated perforated metal
casing herein-before described.
The second part of our Invention relates to an improved means of securing
the corner mounts of bedsteads. The usual manner of fastening these mounts
has been by rivetting. them to the pillar; but we propose instead thereof to
screw the said mounts upon a piece of metal which is either cast on to the pillar
or is otherwise secured to the pillar, the advantage of which is that the several
pieces of metal forming the pillar may at any time be taken to pieces and
cleaned without the least difficulty.
The third part of our Invention has reference to an improved mode of
securing the bottom mount of bedsteads instead of rivetting it, as is now
customary. Our improvement consists in screwing the castor pin into the
bottom of the pillar, and the said castor pin being provided with a collar or
shoulder this comes against the bottom mount, and so holds it securely in
its position. This improvement enables us without difficulty to take off the
bottom mount and case when needed.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN RAILWAY CROSSINGS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Summerson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st January
1867.
I, THOMAS SUMMERSON, of Hope Town Foundry, Darlington, in the County
of Durham, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN RAILWAY CROSSINGS," to be as follows:-
In constructing railway crossings according to this Invention, rails, by
preference steel rails, are reduced to the proper form for the point and wing
rails of the crossing as when the crossing is to be formed by keying the rails
into chairs in the usual way. The point and wing rails are then set up in
their required positions relative the one to the other, and moulds are formed
around them into which melted iron is poured. In this way blocks are formed
upon the rails at intervals along their length, which serve firmly to secure
them the one to the other. When the crossing is laid down the blocks are
secured to the sleepers of the line by trenails in the same way as the chairs
commonly employed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR WINDOW SASHES, CASEMENTS, SHUTTERS, DOORS, PORT-HOLE LIGHTS, AND OTHER SIMILAR OBJECTS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Rogers at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th July
1867.
I, JOHN ROGERS, of 161, King's Cross Road, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
FASTENINGS FOR WINDOW SASHES, CASEMENTS, SHUTTERS, DOORS, PORT-HOLE
LIGHTS, AND OTHER SIMILAR OBJECTS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in fastenings. In construct-
ing fastenings for window sashes, casements, shutters, doors, port-hole lights, and
for securing the flaps or parts of tables, and for other similar uses, a casing
divided into two parts is employed, one part of the casing is fitted with a hook
turning on a stud or axis and furnished with a knob or handle, and the other
part of the casing contains a stump which the hook on the other part of the
fastening can be made to embrace or to liberate by turning it on its stud or
axis. The form of the casing is a short cylinder closed at the top, and with a
flange on its lower edge; it is divided into two unequal parts in a plane parallel
to the axis of the cylinder. The two parts of the casing are attached
respectively to the edges of the two window sashes, or other things which it is
desired to secure the one to the other. The larger part of the casing contains
the hook; the arm which carries it turns on a stud screwed into the top of the
cylinder at the centre and projects out through a slot in the side of the case,
and has its knob or handle on the outside. The slot is of such a length that
the arm can turn through a half circle or thereabout. The hook which is

page_text: approximately of semicircular form projects from one side of the arm. When
the arm is at one end of its slot the hook lies within its part of the case, and
when the arm is at the other end of the slot the centre part of the hook is
outside its part of the case, but the two ends are within, and then if the two
parts of the case have previously been brought together the hook passes round
and embraces the stump which this part of the case contains. The stump
may be cast in one piece with the top of the case, and at its lower end it may
receive a screw attaching it to the sash or other article. The hook is tapered
so as to act as a wedge in every direction so as to draw the two parts of the
case and the parts with which they are connected truly together when they
are only approximately in their positions on commencing to turn the hook.
The knob or handle is formed with a screw passing through the arm to lock
it in position. A spring may be applied to the arm tending to force it to one
or other extremity of its course.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SLIDE VALVES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles William Dixon at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th May 1867.
I, CHARLES WILLIAM DIXON, of Wickham Market, in the County of
Suffolk, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SLIDE VALVES," to be as follows :-
My Invention consists of a rotating slide valve. The exhaust port may or
may not be cast in one piece with the cylinder as is usual in ordinary engines.
The exhaust port is brought to the surface of a circular plane or convex face
along with the steam ports, but is placed in the centre and made of a circular
form. The two steam ports are placed on opposite sides of it, leaving space for a
rib of metal between them. The two steam ports are made of the following
shape, but their size to be regulated by the ordinary rules for finding the areas
of steam and exhaust ports
and also having their outer and inner
Bides arcs of two concentric circles, and their ends parts of radius lines from
the same centre. The valve is to have a circular face of the same size
and to cover the face on which the steam and exhaust ports are placed, and is
to have two openings in it bounded by the same arcs as the steam ports are,
but the other dimensions are to be regulated by the engineer so as to give
whatever cut off of steam or exhaust he thinks proper. One of these two
orifices opens direct into the steam chest through the back of the valve, but

page_text: the other opening is connected by a covered passage on the back of the valve
with the exhaust port in the centre, so that when the steam is entering at one
port it is exhausting at the other. The back of the valve is made cylindrical
and brought through a stuffing box at the back of the steam chest and made
of the same diameter as the exhaust port, or if liked smaller, or if expansion
is used in the cylinder it would be an advantage to be made larger. The valve
may be worked by eccentrics from the crank shaft or direct from the piston
rod by a small connecting rod turned backwards or in any other way at the
option of the engineer.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN PREPARING WOOD AND ADAPTING IT AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR LEATHER
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Rowe Knott and John
Jeyes at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 27th May 1867.
We, ROBERT ROWE KNOTT, of 269, Fulham Road, Brompton, and JOHN
JEYES, of 10, Stanley Road, Upper Holloway, both in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT
IN PREPARING WOOD AND ADAPTING IT AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR LEATHER," to be as
follows:-
Our Invention consists in cutting wood into thin layers so that it shall be
yielding without breaking, and then placing one or more layers together and
securing them together by means of an elastic cement.
We cut ash, oak, lime, or any other wood into layers or veneers; we then
apply an elastic cement to the surfaces required to be brought in contact
with each other; we then apply pressure to assist in completing the union of
the veneers or wood layers. Paper, fabrics, or other materials, may be used
in combination with wood as intermediate layers, but we prefer wood alone.
Wood thus prepared can be used as a substitute for leather in all cases where
adapted.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY BUFFERS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter MacLellan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th June
1867.
I, WALTER MACLELLAN, of the Firm of P. and W. MacLellan, of Glasgow,
in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Iron Merchants, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY BUFFERS,"
to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention has for its object the construction of railway buffers, so as
with a given quantity of the vulcanised rubber used as the elastic element to
obtain an increased range and improved action; and the features of novelty
are, first, the making concave those sides or surfaces of the rubber rings or
pieces which ordinarily become convex under compression; and, second, the
making either concave or convex the sides or surfaces of the rubber rings or
pieces on which the compression acts.
The improved buffer consists of the usual fixed cylinder in which there
works the buffer head plunger, which is locked in the cylinder by being
flanged inside. There is a central spindle fixed in the inner end of the
cylinder, on which spindle are strung a number of rings of vulcanised rubber
separated by flat metal rings, and these rubber rings are acted upon and com-
pressed by the plunger head or a wooden block in the plunger when the
plunger is forced in. The circumferential surface of each ring is made
concave instead of cylindrical, as usual; it is also preferred to make concave
the inner surface, which is usually made cylindrical. The remaining sides

page_text: upon which the flat metal rings act may either be made flat, as usual, or they
may be made either convex or concave.
It will be obvious that with these improvements a rubber ring or piece of
a given weight will when uncompressed occupy an increased space in the
direction of compression, and that with the same ultimate resistance the
range will be increased with a more easy yielding of the spring to slight con-
cussions. It will also be obvious that the improvements may be applied
to various kinds of buffers having rubber rings or pieces as their elastic
element.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN DECORTICATING CEREALS AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Walker Gibson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
March 1867.
I, WILLIAM WALKER GIBSON, of Edinburgh, in the County of Mid Lothian,
North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN DECORTICATING CEREALS AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
EMPLOYED THEREFOR," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention, which essentially relates to certain novel apparatus to be
used for decorticating cereals by which improved results are obtained, consists
of a revolving drum, which may be made either of wood, metal, or other
suitable material. On the surface of this drum blades or strips of glass,
porcelain, common clay, or other pottery ware are fixed. The drum is situated
within a chamber or receptacle in which the grain to be decorticated is placed.
A coarse wire gauze surrounds part or the whole of the drum, and the action
of the latter in revolving causes the cereals to be drawn in through the meshes
of the gauze, so that each grain has the skin or husk rubbed off it by the
triturating action to which it is submitted between the surfaces of the drum
and gauze.
AN IMPROVED FUEL ECONOMIZER
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Perrin, of Hyde, in the County of Chester,
Engineer, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED FUEL ECONOMIZER."
Sealed the 6th March 1868, and dated the 12th September 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Perrin at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th September
1867.
I, JAMES PERRIN, of Hyde, in the County of Chester, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED FUEL ECONOMIZER,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to utilizing the waste heat in flues of steam boilers or
in other flues, and consists of an improved apparatus by means of which this
heat is made available for heating the feed water of boilers.
This apparatus is constructed as follows:-I employ a series of chambers
each consisting of two tubes of different diameters, the tube of smaller diameter
being within the larger one, so as to leave an annular space between the two
tubes; all the joints should be made steam-tight. A series of these chambers is
suitably connected together so that a communication is opened throughout the
series, and the feed water is made to pass through the annular spaces on its
way to the boiler. The apparatus is placed in a convenient part of the flues

page_text: through which the products of combustion pass on their way from the furnace
to the chimney, so that the water in the annular spaces is subjected to the
influence of this heat, which is free to act upon it not only from the outside
of the outer tube but also from the inside of the inner tube. In connecting
the chambers together I make the outlet of each chamber at the opposite end
to the inlet, so that the water will have to travel the whole length of one
chamber before passing into another. These chambers may be placed in the
flues either in a vertical or horizontal position, and in order to keep them clear
of soot I employ scrapers which may be actuated by means of suitable
mechanism outside the flues; these scrapers are provided both on the inside
of the inner tube and on the outside of the outer tube, and when the chambers
are placed vertically I prefer to make these scrapers of the form of long
blades reaching the whole length of the chambers, and to give them a revolving
motion, but when the chambers are placed horizontally I prefer to make the
scrapers of a circular form having their planes at right angles to the axes of the
tubes. These circular scrapers are attached to chains which pass over pulleys
and to which a to-and-fro.motion may be imparted by means of ordinary gear.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PICKERS AND IN THE METHOD OF MANUFACTURE AND APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Holt and Greenwood
Holt at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 21st May 1867.
We, SAMUEL HOLT and GREENWOOD HOLT, of Bacup, in the County of
Lancaster, Picker Makers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PICKERS AND IN THE METHOD OF MANUFACTURE AND
APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in using wire staples instead of "cramp wires " now
used in the manufacture of pickers, which we insert at the front and clench
at the back part of the picker, and instead of boring the holes we stamp or
press them. By this method there are no wire clenchings at the front of the
picker as heretofore, which have been objectionable on account of the shuttle
coming in contact therewith when the picker has become worn by the action
of the shuttle tip; also by the stamping of the holes the picker is stronger
than when bored, as the whole substance remains, and also by the holes being
stamped, which is done in right lines through the top of the picker, the wire
of the staple is straight when inserted and more imbedded in the substance
of which the picker is made than the cramp wires are, and therefore the
picker is stronger or firmer and consequently more durable. Instead of the

page_text: mandril or wedge now used for opening the picker top, we construct and
employ a pair of tongs or levers of suitable form jointed together and capable
of insertion and expansion, which facilitates the manufacture of pickers, and
they are not liable to be damaged by the opening of the top, as by the driving
of a mandril or wedge therein.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF SEWAGE AND OTHER LIQUID MANURES TO LAND
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Slagg at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th August
1867.
I, CHARLES SLAGG, of Kingston-on-Thames, in the County of Surrey, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF SEWAGE AND OTHER LIQUID MANURES TO LAND,"
to be as follows:-
My improvements in the application of sewage and other liquid manures
to land consist in laying down in the land a system of tubes or channels by
which the liquid manure is distributed in sufficient proximity to the roots of
the plants or crops to which it is applied instead of on the surface as heretofore;
these channels may be in the form of drain tiles and laid in like manner to
such tiles, these tubes or channels are placed in connection with culverts or
main channels or pipes carried along the headlands of the fields or otherwise
as may be most convenient. The mains are of course placed in communica-
tion with town sewers or other source of supply of the liquid manure.. The
main fluid channels I construct fluid-tight or nearly so, while the distributing
channels may be laid in the manner of draining pipes, and further if necessary
with perforations to allow of the issue of the sewage in addition to what escapes
at the joints. These perforations it may be necessary to graduate according to

page_text: their distance from the headland main. These pipes may be disposed between
each row of the crops or every alternate row, or it may be altogether irrespective
of the arrangement of the crops and at such a depth as will not hinder or inter-
fere with the implements used in tilling the soil, but in all cases so that the
issue of the fluid manure shall be in as close proximity to the roots as possible.
Instead of laying permanent distributing pipes, the distributing channels or
means in the fields may be temporary and broken up periodically if desired.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR DECORTICATING, HULLING, OR HUSKING PEARL BARLEY OR OTHER SIMILAR GRAIN
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Sykes at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st October 1867.
I, DAVID SYKES, of Ashton-under-Lyne, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR DECORTICATING, HULLING, OR HUSKING PEARL
BARLEY OR OTHER SIMILAR GRAIN," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to that class of mills employed for decorticating or
husking pearl barley, rice, or other similar grain, and is designed for the
purpose of expediting and improving such decorticating process, and the im-
provements consist in the employment and use of two cylinders, one enclosed
within the other, having an annular space left between their surfaces, both
cylinders being mounted on one common centre or shaft, the internal solid
cylinder being keyed or secured to such shaft, and the outer hollow cylinder
running loose on the same. The periphery and sides of the internal cylinder
are composed of steel plates having a burr'd or serrated surface, the outer
cylinder being perforated; the annular space left between the surfaces of the
cyliuder is for the purpose of receiving the grain to be operated upon, which is
fed thereto through a hopper or funnel conveniently placed at the side. When
the mill is in action the internal serrated cylinder is driven at a higher
velocity than the outer cylinder by an arrangement of internal gearing or
other equivalent, both cylinders being caused to revolve in the same direction,
the grain by this means being constantly under agitation, the rubbing or

page_text: bruising action of which effectually and thoroughly decorticates the grain, the
husks or chaff being constantly expelled on becoming released from the grain
through the perforations in the outer cylinder. By the employment and use
of a steel burr mill as described for decorticating grain in contradistinction
to the ordinary sandstone burr, the grain becomes more thoroughly cleansed,
and the mill being run. at a higher velocity the process of decorticating or
husking is considerably expedited.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS METERS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Alder at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th February
1867.
I, HENRY ALDER, of 32, Grange Road, Edinburgh, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS METERS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved mode of transmitting motion from
the revolving measuring drum of gas meters to the indicating or counting
mechanism, and consists essentially in substituting for the usual gearing
employed for that purpose a crank and connecting rod in conjunction with
oscillating pallets, and an escapement wheel similar to the escapement move-
ment of a clock. The crank is fitted or formed on the spindle on axis of the
drum, and the connecting rod leads upwards to an escapement working in an
escapement wheel, which forms the first or leading wheel of the index mecha-
nism. Each revolution of the drum in either direction communicates an
impulse to the escapement wheel which is transmitted by the usual gearing to
the several indicators.
The advantages derived from this Invention in addition to greater ease in
working are, firstly, that should the attachment of the supply and discharge
pipes be reversed, either by accident or design, and the measuring drum be
thus driven backwards, the gas on passing through the meter will nevertheless
be registered, since in whatever direction the drum be revolved it will com-
municate a reciprocating motion to the escapement; secondly, that as the

page_text: worm wheel and worm or bevel wheels or crank are, when the meter is in use,
immersed in water, and consequently often contaminated with highly corrosive
matter, and rendered liable to chemical decomposition in addition to ordinary
wear, it follows that the crank, which is more simple, cheaper, and more easily
replaced, will possess peculiar advantages over the more complicated and costly
arrangements at present employed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF POMADE FOR THE HUMAN HAIR
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Garrett Tongue at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st December
1867. A communication from abroad by Aimé Désiré Lavandier, of
Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, JOHN GARRETT TONGUE, of the Firm of Tongue & Birkbeck, Patent
Agents and Engineers, of 34, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF POMADE FOR THE HUMAN HAIR," to be
as follows:-
It is now generally supposed that the preservative liquid which fills the
interior of the human hair to preserve it from exterior agents is composed,
first, of a variety of fatty bodies similar to those which are formed in the
feathers, hairs, and wools of animals; second, that those peculiar fatty bodies
which have the property of swelling in water, of disseminating, and of hindering
desiccation without impeding perspiration, are combined with about one-tenth
part of cerebral matters. The practical means of extracting this matter or
"plasma" in an economical manner to be employed as a pomade for the hair
constitutes the subject matter of this Invention.
The method which it is preferred to employ for this purpose is as follows:-
The epidermic developements richest in peculiar fatty bodies, such as "oleo-
ririne" and "stearirine" are the fine hair or wool of Cashmere or other sheep.
This wool is taken well cleaned and washed with acidulated water, it is
afterwards washed in alkaline water, and after bleaching, purifying, and treating

page_text: by an acid the substance which results, the colourless fatty bodies are caused
to float upon the surface. Thus it will be seen that these bodies cost little,
since in manufacture they constitute refuse which is nearly worthless. When
these stearic matters are prepared marrow or cerebral pulp is pounded with
five parts of a liquid composed of equal parts of water and alcohol. The
cerebral liquid is passed through a cloth for the purpose of separating it from
all the membranes. One part of this liquid and two parts of the stearic bodies
are then taken and evaporated in a water bath at 50 degrees centigrade until
all the alcohol and all the water have disappeared. A body is now obtained
having all the appearance of a grease, but possessing very different properties,
producing a highly advantageous action upon the hair when used as a pomade.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE BOILER APPARATUS OF PORTABLE STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Exall at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd January
1867.
J, WILLIAM EXALL, of Reading, in the County of Berks, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
BOILER APPARATUS OF PORTABLE STEAM ENGINES," to be as follows:-
The boilers of portable engines are usually furnished with a number of
tubes which communicate between the fire and smoke boxes, and through
which the heat and flame from the fire passes, these tubes being disposed
horizontally in tiers or series one above the other; the greatest amount of heat
usually passes through the upper tubes, and therefore produces a very unequal
heating effect, which is the more so according to the greater or less activity
and forcing of the fire.
My Invention relates to the application of dampers to the different rows of
tubes, so combined and arranged as to produce a differential action, whereby
the whole of the tubes shall be closed more or less at same time, and at all
times in such proportion that the heat in the whole of the tubes shall be equal
or nearly so, whether much or little duty is required of the engine; or it may
even be while standing, and the beating effect reduced to a minimum. For
this purpose I either hinge a series of plates in the smoke box opposite the
ends of the tubes, or otherwise support surfaces so that they can be approached
or withdrawn from the ends of the tubes, whereby they may be more or less

page_text: opened or closed. These damper plates are so combined and operated that
when moved by a suitable hand lever the plate or plates covering the upper
tubes will be moved the least, and will open or close to the lesser extent,
while the lower ones will be so to the greatest extent, and the intermediate
ones in proportion.
AN IMPROVED BINDER FOR SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John White at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th May
1867.
I, JOHN WHITE, of Cheapside, in the City of London, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED BINDER FOR SEWING
MACHINES," to be as follows:-
This binder, which can be used for all kinds of sewing machines, consists of
a curved plate of brass or other suitable metal having its edges turned over,
and is tapered to a narrow part which curves near to the needle. The braid
or binding slips through between the slit formed by the curved edges and the
cloth or fabric passes between the curved parts; it rests flat on the plate of
the sewing machine, and has an extended portion furnished with a slot, whereby
it may be clamped by a screw or other means in any required position on the
plate of the machine.
In order that its shape may be better understood I hereunto annex five
Figures shewing different views and sections of this binder. Fig. 1 shews a
plan of the binder as it is on the plate and is being used; Fig. 2 is an end
elevation shewing the contour of the curved edges F, F, coming down to a
narrow part at E; Fig. 3 is a side view shewing the position of the part B
so as to enable the binder to rest flatly on the plate of the machine; Fig. 4

page_text: is a section on the line A, B, of Fig. 2 shewing where the braid enters at A;
by means of a small screw not shewn these two edges can be brought
closer and any amount of tension obtained. Fig. 5 is a section on the line
C, D, Fig. 2, shewing the curved edges through which the braid is guided.
The tang C is simply for the guidance of the fabric under operation. The
peculiar shape of this binder enables it to work into corners, and is specially
applicable for curved edges, besides preventing the possibility of the binding
coming out of the guides.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ELECTRIC LIGHT
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Hale Holmes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st August 1867.
I, FREDERICK HALE HOLMES, at present residing in Paris, in the Empire of
France, Engineer, .do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ELECTRIC LIGHT," to be
as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the production of the electric light with a
reduced speed of rotation, or the increasing the intensity of the light with the
same speed of rotation now adopted.
According to one part of this Invention it is proposed to place or fix round
the axis or shaft of an electro-magnetic machine a series of armatures varying
in number from, say, 16 to 40, such armatures being all disposed parallel
with the said shaft; a corresponding number of electro-magnets are fixed to
a frame which surrounds the armatures above referred to. Or I place or fix
round the main shaft and parellel with it from 16 to 40 electro-magnets, and
attach to the frame which surrounds them a corresponding number of armatures.
In either case, or by either arrangement, I obtain the electric light by a velocity
of revolution of the shaft ranging from 400 to 60 revolutions per minute,
which is a much lower rate of speed than has heretofore been found requisite.

page_text: I may here remark that I do not employ armatures expressly to magnetize the
electro-magnets, but in lieu thereof I employ a small portion of the wire
which passes round the several armatures; neither do I employ permanent
magnets for that purpose, but instead of such an arrangement I pass the
current from a small galvanic battery through the coils of the electro-
magnets when using the machine for the first time, after which the residual
magnetism alone will be found sufficient.
Another part of my Invention consists in winding on the electro-magnets
and on the armatures, or on the electro-magnets only, a double or treble set of
coils of either flattened or round wire, for the purpose of increasing or
diminishing the light by increasing or diminishing the power of the electro-
magnets, since the current which produces the magnetism can by this arrange-
ment be passed through the whole of the wire (namely the compound coil),
or through either of the simple coils, thus in clear weather when the light
from one coil would be sufficient less motive power will be required to turn
the machine; but if a stronger light should be required then it can be increased
by increasing the power of the electro-magnets by means of the compound
coil to double or treble its original intensity, in proportion to the motive power
employed, and this change in the intensity of the light can be effected by my
arrangement without stopping the electro-magnetic machine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MATTRESSES, CUSHIONS, SOFAS, SEATS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nathan Birkenruth at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th November
1867. A communication from abroad by Friedrich August Kandler, of
Chemnitz, in the Kingdom of Saxony.
I, NATHAN BIRKENRUTH, of Hatton Garden, in the County of Middlesex,
Commission Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MATTRESSES, CUSHIONS, SOFAS, SEATS, AND OTHER SIMILAR
ARTICLES," communicated to me from abroad by Friedrich August Kandler, of
Chemnitz, in the Kingdom of Saxony, to be as follows:-
Heretofore in the construction of mattresses, cushions, sofas, seats, and
other articles for sitting, reclining, or resting upon, where an elastic or resilient
or springy surface is required, it has been usual to form such surface by inter-
posing between two plane or horizontal surfaces of textile fabric or other
like material a number of springs or a resilient substance or yielding agent,
generally disposed vertically so that a certain springiness has been obtained,
whereas according to this Invention the horizontal surface is formed of a
number of slender pliant or flexible wires interlaced, intertwined, or woven
together, or traversing or passing under and over each other and attached at
the ends and sides to a rigid frame. The wires are so interlaced as to leave
sufficiently large interstitial openings to ensure the requisite resilience. It is

page_text: preferable to have two parallel layers or surfaces of wire, formed as described,
one over the other, and very near to it; by this arrangement a surface is
formed sufficiently strong to receive the pressure of a person in a recumbent
or sitting position, and yet sufficiently yielding to allow of the desired
springiness.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING AND AGITATING LIQUID OR FLUID SUBSTANCES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Steele at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th December
1867.
I, DAVID STEELE, of Farnworth, in the County of Lancaster, Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR HEATING AND AGITATING LIQUID OR FLUID SUBSTANCES," to be as
follows:
My Invention consists, firstly, in the use of steam pipes for heating and
agitating liquid or fluid substances mounted in bearings in which they revolve,
and capable of keeping the steam or a portion thereof from escaping into
the vessel containing the substance under treatment. For this purpose I
propose to employ arms or a coil of piping connected to a central pipe, one
end of which receives the steam and the other discharges it outside the vessel.
But the coil may be perforated if desired to allow a portion of the steam to
pass into the vessel. I also propose to connect the outlet with a steam trap
or other such arrangement to receive the water of condensation. The pipes
are caused to revolve by ordinary gearing.
Secondly. In a similar manner I employ stationary steam pipes and apply
thereto a steam trap or other such apparatus to prevent the steam from
escaping when it has passed through the said pipes.