matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
A PROCESS OF PREPARING OR BLEACHING PEPPER
Year: 1827

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
ALEXANDER FULTON, of Lawrence Pountney Lane, Cannon Street, in the City
of London, Spice Merchant, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present Majesty King George the Fourth, in and by
His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date
at Westminster, the Twenty-sixth day of November last, did give and
grant unto me, the said John Alexander Fulton, His especial licence, full
power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said John Alexander Fulton,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, and every of them, by myself
and themselves, or by my and their deputy or deputies, servants or agents,
or such others as I, the said John Alexander Fulton, my exors, admors,
or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term of years therein unexpired,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England,
Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "A PROCESS
OF PREPARING OR BLEACHING PEPPER;" in which said Letters Patent there is
contained a proviso, obliging me, the said John Alexander Fulton, by an
instrument in writing under my hand and seal, particularly to describe and
ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, and to cause the same to be inrolled in His Majesty's
High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same,
reference being thereto had, will more fully appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
John Alexander Fulton, do hereby describe and ascertain the nature of my
said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by the
following description thereof (that is to say):
I take a quantity of black pepper, and wet it, or soak it in water for a day
or two, and then lay it in a heap to heat, turning it every one or two days,
and still keeping it moist, whereby the skins will become decomposed in from
a week to a month, when I wash the pepper in water, whereby the skins will
come off; or other liquids which do not hinder the decomposition may answer
in lieu of water, and produce the same effect; then I bleach the pepper either
by soaking or washing it in a solution of oxymuriate of lime and water for an
hour or two, or it may be bleached by sulphur or other process which is used
in bleaching may effect this part of the preparation, and then I dry the
pepper either by exposing it to the air, or it may be dried by the application
of heat.
In witness whereof, I have here set my-hand and seal, the Twenty-third
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING MACHINERY;
Year: 1827

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Carlo Ghigo, of Lyons, in France, but now residing
in Fenchurch Street, in the City of London, Loom Manufacturer, for his
invented "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING MACHINERY;" to hold, &c.; six
months.
By writ, &c.
AN INSTRUMENT, MACHINE, OR APPARATUS FOR WRITING, WHICH I DENOMINATE A SELF-SUPPLYING PEN
Year: 1827

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
POULTON, of Stafford Street, Old Bond Street, in the County of Middlesex,
Tailor, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King George the Fourth
did, by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom,
bearing date at Westminster, the Fourth day of July, One thousand eight
hundred and twenty-seven, in the eighth year of His reign, give. and grant
unto me, the said George Poulton, His especial licence, that I, the said
George Poulton, my exors, admors, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said George Poulton, my exors, admňors, or assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term of
years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my
Invention of "AN INSTRUMENT, MACHINE, OR APPARATUS FOR WRITING, WHICH I
DENOMINATE A SELF-SUPPLYING PEN;" in which said Letters Patent there is
contained a proviso obliging me, the said George Poulton, by an instrument
in writing under my hand and seal, particularly to describe and ascertain the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, and cause the same to
be enrolled in His said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters
Patent, reference being thereunto had will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that, in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
George Poulton, do hereby describe the nature of my said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed (that is to say):
My self-supplying pen consists of three parts (that may be attached or
separated at pleasure), viz, a tube or reservoir, pen, and shield. The tube or
reservoir is screwed on to the pen, in which place the ink is introduced; there
is a weight within it which presses the ink into the pen by its own gravity
when in use. The pen is made of steel, cased with metal to prevent the
possibility of any corrosion taking place, and is partly enclosed like a tube with
a valve within it to regulate the flow of ink. The shield is drawn over the
pen to protect it from injury when not in use. The tube or reservoir, pen, and
shield I make of gold, silver, steel, or any other fit material; and I consider
and shall deem any attempt to make a pen after this above plan as an
infringement of my right.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Poulton, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fourth day of January, One thousand eight
A DIAGONAL PROP POR TRANSFERRING PERPENDICULAR TO LATERAL PRESSURE
Year: 1827

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, BENJAMIN
ROTCH, of Furnivals Inn, in the City of London, Esquire, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King. George the Fourth,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Twenty-second day of March, in the eighth year of His
reign, did, for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and. grant unto me, the
said Benjamin Rotch, His especial licence that I, the said' Benjamin Rotch,
my, exors, admors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Benjamin Rotch,
my exors, admors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times during the term of years therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and -vend, within England,
Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and also in. all His' said
Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, my Invention of "A DIAGONAL PROP
POR TRANSFERRING PERPENDICULAR TO LATERAL PRESSURE;" in which said Letters
Patent is contained a proviso, obliging me, the said Benjamin Rotch, by an
instrument in writing under my hand and seal, particularly to describe and
ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner.the.same is to
performed, and to cause the same to be inrolled in His said Majesty's High
Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately, after. the
date of the said recited Letters-Patent, as in and by the same, reference being
thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear."
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Benjamin Rotch, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention to cousist in
IMPROVEMENTS IN CERTAIN PARTS OF BEDSTEADS;
Year: 1827

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Breidenback, of Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick, Merchant, for his invented "IMPROVEMENTS IN CERTAIN PARTS
OF BEDSTEADS;" six months.
By writ, &c.
PROCESS FOR THE INVENTION OF A PARTICULAR TILL;
Year: 1828

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Francis Horatio Nelson Drake, of Colyton House,
in the County of Devon, Esquire, in consequence of a communication made
to him by a Foreigner residing abroad, is in possession of the "PROCESS FOR
THE INVENTION OF A PARTICULAR TILL;" to hold, &c.; four months.
By writ, &c.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN AND ADDITIONS TO CERTAIN MACHINES OR MACHINERY NOW IN USE FOR MAKING LACE OR NET COMMONLY CALLED BOBBIN OR TWIST NET LACE
Year: 1828

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Morley, of the Town and County of the
Town of Nottingham, Lace Manufacturer, for his invented or found out
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN AND ADDITIONS TO CERTAIN MACHINES OR MACHINERY
NOW IN USE FOR MAKING LACE OR NET COMMONLY CALLED BOBBIN OR TWIST NET
LACE;" to hold, &c.; six months.
By writ. &c.
Dated 9th January 1828.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS ON UPRIGHT PIANOFORTES
Year: 1828

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ROBERT
WORNUM, of Wigmore Street, Cavendish Square, in the County of Middlesex,
Pianaforte Maker, send greeting.
me,
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty, King George the Fourth,
did, by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing
date at Westminster, the Twenty-fourth day of July, One thousand eight
hundred and twenty-eight, in the ninth year of His reign, give and grant unto
the said Robert Wornum, His special licence, that I, the said Robert
Wornum, my exors, admors, and assigns, and such others as I, the said Robert
Wornum, my exors, admors, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times during the term of years therein
mentioned, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS ON UPRIGHT PIANOFORTES;" in which said Letters
Patent there is contained a proviso that I, the said Robert Wornum, shall
cause a particular description of the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be enrolled in His Majesty's High
Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and inmediately the date
of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference
being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Robert Wornum, do hereby declare that my said Invention is described and

page_text: ascertained in and by the Drawing hereunto annexed, together with the
following description thereof (that is to say) :-
The novelty is applied to the lever and the key, and effects a check to the
hammer when in action. The lever is longer than usual, and is employed at
both ends (for the form of it see the accompanying Drawing. The work which
is affixed to the key consists of a wire and a button, the wire screwed into the
key at the end and the button screwed on the top of the wire. Its use is to
press against the back or tail of the lever after every blow given to the front
by the hopper, thereby effecting a most simple and perfect check against
unnecessary motion in the hammer, which is a great defect in all single
actions (see Drawing for the form).
In witness whereof, I, the said Robert Wornum, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Fourteenth day of January, in the ninth year of
the reign of our Sovereign Lord George the Fourth, by the Grace of
God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland King,
Defender of the Faith, and in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
A NEW AND IMPROVED METHOD OR METHODS FOR PROPELLING OR MOVING CARRIAGES AND ALL OTHER VEHICLES ON ROADS; AND ALSO SHIPS, BOATS, AND OTHER VESSELS ON WATER
Year: 1828

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Seaward and Samuel Seaward, of the Canal
Iron Works, in the Parish of All Saints, Poplar, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineers, for their invented "A NEW AND IMPROVED METHOD OR METHODS FOR
PROPELLING OR MOVING CARRIAGES AND ALL OTHER VEHICLES ON ROADS; AND ALSO
SHIPS, BOATS, AND OTHER VESSELS ON WATER;" to hold, &c.; six months.
By writ. &c.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PRESSING OR FINISHING WOOLLEN CICTHS
Year: 1828

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Jones, of Leeds, in the County of York,
Brush Maker, for his invented or found out "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PRESSING OR FINISHING WOOLLEN CICTHS;" to
hold, &c.; six months.
By writ, &c.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHI- NERY FOR PROPELLING BOATS AND OTHER VESSELS; WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO WATER WHEELS AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1828

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Jackson, of Saint Andrew, in the City of
Dublin, Attorney-at-Law, for his invented "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHI-
NERY FOR PROPELLING BOATS AND OTHER VESSELS; WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO
APPLICABLE TO WATER WHEELS AND OTHER PURPOSES;" to hold, &c.; six months.
By writ. &c.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS AND BONNETS
Year: 1828

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JANE
BENTLEY LOWREY, Wife of THOMAS SAMPSON LOWREY, of the City of Exeter,
Straw Hat Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS His Majesty King George the Fourth, in and by His Letters
Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Twenty-fifth day of March last,
for Himself, His heirs and successors, did give and grant unto me, the said
Jane Bentley Lowrey, His especial licence, full power, sole privilege and autho-
rity, that I, tho said Jane Bentley Lowrey, my exors, adiñors, and assigns, and
every of them, by myself and themselves, or by my and their deputy or deputies,
servants or agents, or such others as I, the said Jane Bentley Lowrey, my
exors, adiñors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time, to time and at all times thereafter during the term of years therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, usė, exercise, and vend, within
England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS AND BONNETS;" in which
said Letters Patent there is contained a proviso obliging me, the said Jane
Bentley Lowrey, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal,
particularly to describe and ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, and to cause the same to be
inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months
next after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Jane Bentley Lowrey, do hereby describe and ascertain the nature of my

page_text: said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by the
following description thereof that, is to say :-
My Invention consists in the introduction of ribbon, silk, wool, cotton, or
chip into plat for the manufacture of hats and bonnets. The plat must be
manufactured with a bar across, in order to admit and retain the material to
be added to it, which material may be either of ribbon, silk, wool, cotton,
or chip, and must be drawn through the plat with a needle or other
instrument taking up every alternate bar, or every two or three bars of the
plat, according to the pleasure of the manufacturer. The material may be
drawn through the plat either on one side or on both sides of the plat, and
any description of plat will answer the purpose, whether it be of straw,
leghorn, chip, or any other kind, provided the plat be manufactured with a
bar across. Plat manufactured with a long bar across is most suitable for
receiving the material to be added. When the material has been added in
the manner above described, by being drawn through the plat, the plat must
be sewn together in the usual manner for the manufacturer of hats and bonnets,
according to such shape and fashion as may be desired.
In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-
second day of August, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MAKING, CONSTRUCTING, OR MANUFACTURING CAR- TRIDGES FOR SPORTING AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1828

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Dicken Whitehead, of Oakview Mills, Saddle-
worth, in the County of York, Woollen Manufacturer, for his invented
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MAKING, CONSTRUCTING, OR MANUFACTURING CAR-
TRIDGES FOR SPORTING AND OTHER PURPOSES;" to hold, &c.; six months.
By writ, &c.
AN IMPROVED THREAD, TO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF THE ARTICLE COMMONLY CALLED BOBBIN NET LACE
Year: 1828

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Lawes, of the Strand, in the County of
Middlesex, Lace Manfacturer, for his invented "AN IMPROVED THREAD, TO BE
USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF THE ARTICLE COMMONLY CALLED BOBBIN NET LACE;"
to hold, &c.; six months.
By writ, &c.
A SELF-ACTING AIR OR GAS REGU- LATOR, OR STOP COCK FOR GOVERNING THE FLOW OF AIR OR GAS, WHICH MAY BE APPLIED TO OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1829

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Danre, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Manufacturer, for his invented "A SELF-ACTING AIR OR GAS REGU-
LATOR, OR STOP COCK FOR GOVERNING THE FLOW OF AIR OR GAS, WHICH MAY BE
APPLIED TO OTHER PURPOSES;" to hold, &c.; six months.
By writ, &c.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN OR ADDITIONS TO HARNESS AND SADDLERY, PART OR PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS OR ADDITIONS ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1829

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Taft, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Harness Maker, Saddler, and Bridle Cutter, for his invented
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN OR ADDITIONS TO HARNESS AND SADDLERY, PART OR
PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS OR ADDITIONS ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES;"
to hold, &c.; six months.
By writ, &c.
CERTAIN IMPROVE- MENTS IN POWER LOOMS FOR WEAVING CLOTH
Year: 1829

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Ramsbottom; of Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, Journeyman Shape Maker, for his invented "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS IN POWER LOOMS FOR WEAVING CLOTH;" to hold, &c.; six months.
By writ. &c.
IMPROVED MECHANICAL POWER, APPLICABLE TO MACHINERY OF DIFFERENT DE- SCRIPTIONS
Year: 1829

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas John Fuller, of the Commercial Road,
Limehouse, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, for his invented
"IMPROVED MECHANICAL POWER, APPLICABLE TO MACHINERY OF DIFFERENT DE-
SCRIPTIONS;" to hold, &c.; six months.
By writ, &c.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING PADDLES TO FACILITATE THEIR MOTION THROUGH WATER
Year: 1829

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, SEPTIMUS
GRITTON, of Pentonville, in the County of Middlesex, Surgeon, late of the
Royal Navy, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King George the Fourth
did, by His Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Seventh day
of January, in the ninth year of His reign, give and grant unto me, the
said Septimus Gritton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, His especial
licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said Septimus
Gritton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, during the term of
years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, my Invention of "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING PADDLES
TO FACILITATE THEIR MOTION THROUGH WATER," within England, Wales, and
Berwick-upon-Tweed, in' such manner as to me, the said Septimus Gritton,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should in our discretion seem
meet; in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso, that if I, the said
Septimus Gritton, should not particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by
an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, and cause the same to be
inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within two calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent, that then
the said Letters Patent, and all liberties and advantages whatsoever thereby
granted, should utterly cease, determine, and become void, as in and by
the said recited Letters Patent, relation being thereunto had, may more fully
and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Septimus Gritton, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, are particularly described and
ascertained in manner following, that is to say:-
The paddles are moveable on bolts, pins, or axles, which are fixed between
the two inner sides of the wheel in position parallel to the axle of the wheel, so
that on being put in motion they meet in their descent with the resistance of the
water, which forces them against their respective stop or stops, and thus each
paddle becomes a propeller, and continues such until it passes under the axle
of the wheel, when, in consequence of being moveable on the aforesaid bolts,
pins, or axles, and duly poised, balanced, or regulated, each and all the paddles
in succession after they pass under the axle ascend edgeways, and continue more
or less so until they respectively descend by the rotatory motion of the wheel.
I do not confine my improvement to wheels for propelling boats only, but to
any other purpose to which they may be applicable.
In witness whereof, I, the said Septimus Gritton, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Sixth day of March, One thousand eight hundred
A CERTAIN MEDICINE WHICH, IN THE COURSE OF HIS PRACTICE, HE FOUND OF ESSENTIAL AND PECULIAR BENEFIT IN GOUTY AFFECTIONS OF THE STOMACH, SPASMS, CRAMPS, INFLAMMATION OF THE LUNGS, VIOLENT AND CONFIRMED COUGHS, PAINS AFTER CHILD BIRTH, AND IN OTHER PAINS OF THE BREAST AND BOWELS, BEYOND ANY OTHER MEDICINE OR APPLICATION IN LIKE CASES
Year: 1829

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Mushet, of York Square, Regent's Park,
in the Parish of Saint Pancras, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, that
his father, William Mushet, late of the City of York, Doctor of Medicine and
a Member and Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians, deceased, dis-
covered "A CERTAIN MEDICINE WHICH, IN THE COURSE OF HIS PRACTICE, HE FOUND
OF ESSENTIAL AND PECULIAR BENEFIT IN GOUTY AFFECTIONS OF THE STOMACH, SPASMS,
CRAMPS, INFLAMMATION OF THE LUNGS, VIOLENT AND CONFIRMED COUGHS, PAINS AFTER
CHILD BIRTH, AND IN OTHER PAINS OF THE BREAST AND BOWELS, BEYOND ANY OTHER
MEDICINE OR APPLICATION IN LIKE CASES;" to hold, &c.; two months.
By writ. &c.
A METHOD OF PREPARING OR MAKING AN EXTRACT FROM COCOA, WHICH HE DENOMINATES MARSHALL'S EXTRACT OF CocoA
Year: 1829

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
MARSHALL, of Southampton Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Tea
Dealer, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King George the Fourth
did, by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing
date at Westminster, the Tenth day of December, One thousand eight
hundred and twenty-nine, in the tenth year of His reign, give and grant unto
me, the said John Marshall, His especial licence that I, the said John
Marshall, my executors, administrators, and assigns, and such others as I, the
said John Marshall, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during
the term of years therein mentioned, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-
Tweed, my Invention of "A METHOD OF PREPARING OR MAKING AN EXTRACT
FROM COCOA, WHICH HE DENOMINATES MARSHALL'S EXTRACT OF CocoA;" in which
said Letters Patent is contained a proviso, that I, the said John Marshall,
shall cause a particular description of the nature of my said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in His Majesty's
High Court of Chancery within two calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the.
same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
John Marshall, do hereby describe the manner in which my said Invention is
to be performed, by the following description thereof, that is to say :-
To each pound or thereabouts of cocoa nuts, whether Caraccas, Trinidads, or
other nuts called cocoa nuts, ground, put about one gallon of water; boil them
about them about one hour; strain them through a sieve, or anything that
will answer the purpose of a sieve; skim off the whole of the oil, put the
liquid that remains into, a bath,.generally known by the name of a chemical
water-bath, or any other vessel that will answer the like purpose; let evapora-
tion proceed until the said liquid shall have arrived at the consistency of treacle
or something near it, and observe during the time of evaporation to keep
the said liquid occasionally or continually stirred or in motion. When suffi-
ciently evaporated; pour it into bottles or anything that will answer the like
purpose, seal the cork that you place into the bottle, or make it in any other
way secure, to prevent the air from affecting the patent article, and it will be
fit for use on the following or any subsequent day.
Although I have mentioned-certain proportions,, I claim, notwithstanding,
any and every method of preparing the above article.
In witness' whereof, I, the said John Marshall, have hereunto set my
handi and seal, this Tenth day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and thirty.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN APPA- RATUS FOR REMOVING THE DOWN FROM COTTON AND CERTAIN OTHER FABRICS BY SINGEING
Year: 1829

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Paul Discroizilles, of Fenchurch Street, in the
City of London, Chemist, for his invented "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN APPA-
RATUS FOR REMOVING THE DOWN FROM COTTON AND CERTAIN OTHER FABRICS BY
SINGEING;" to hold, &c.; six months.
By writ, &c.
Dated 7th October 1829.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING STEAM BOILERS OR GENERATORS, WHEREBY THE BULK OF THE BOILER OF GENERATOR AND THE CONSUMPTION OF FUEL ARE CONSIDER- ABLY REDUCED
Year: 1829

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joshua Bates, of Bishopsgate Street, in the City of
London, Merchant, in consequence of a communication made to him by
a certain Foreigner residing abroad he is possessed of the knowledge of "AN
IMPROVED METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING STEAM BOILERS OR GENERATORS, WHEREBY THE
BULK OF THE BOILER OF GENERATOR AND THE CONSUMPTION OF FUEL ARE CONSIDER-
ABLY REDUCED;" six months.
By writ, &c.
AN ENGINE OR MA- CHINERY, TO BE WORKED BY MEANS OF FLUIDS, GASES, OR AIR, ON SHORE OR AT SEA, AND WHICH THEY INTEND TO DENOMINATE 'PICKERINGS' ENGINE
Year: 1829

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Peter Pickering, native of Frosham, Cheshire, and
now domiciled in Danzig, Prussia, and William Pickering, of Liverpool, in
the County of Lancaster, Merchants, for their invented "AN ENGINE OR MA-
CHINERY, TO BE WORKED BY MEANS OF FLUIDS, GASES, OR AIR, ON SHORE OR AT SEA,
AND WHICH THEY INTEND TO DENOMINATE 'PICKERINGS' ENGINE';" to hold, &c.;
six months.
By writ, &c.
CERTAIN COMBINATION OF OR IMPROVEMENT IN SPRINGS APPLICABLE TO CARRIAGES AND OTHER PURPOSES;
Year: 1830

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, MOSES
POOLE, of the Patent Office, Lincoln's Inn, Gentleman, send greeting..
WHEREAS; in consequence of a communication made to me from a certain
Foreigner residing abroad, I am in possession of a "A CERTAIN COMBINATION
OF OR IMPROVEMENT IN SPRINGS APPLICABLE TO CARRIAGES AND OTHER PURPOSES;"
and whereas His present most Excellent Majesty King George the Fourth,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date
at Westminster, the Twenty-seventh day of February, in the eleventh year of
His reign, did, for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Moses Poole, His especial licence that I, the said Moses
Poole, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Moses Poole, my executors, admors, or assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term of
years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed,
and also in all His said Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, "the said
Invention," in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso obliging me,
the said Moses Poole, by an instrument under my hand and seal, particularly
to describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, and to cause the same to be inrolled in His

page_text: diminished so as to allow the body to rise, the spiral will untwist, and the arms
will rise also, and thus the required elasticity is obtained.
Figure 2 is a separate view of one blade or spring plate, with its axes, arms,
and central shackle or stay.
Now, whereas it is evident that this sd Invention is equally applicable to
sofas, beds, and other the like articles of furniture requiring to be placed on
springs or some elastic medium; and whereas this said Invention may by slight
modifications be adapted to various other kinds of carriages besides that herein-
before specified by way of example; but whereas I claim as the said Invention
springs for the purposes aforesaid, combined and applied as aforesaid, turning
on axes and acted upon by arms or levers in manner aforesaid. And such
Invention being, to the best of my knowledge and belief, entirely knew, and
never before used in that part of His said Majesty's United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland called England, His said Dominion of Wales, or Town of
Berwick-upon-Tweed, nor in any of His said Majesty's Colonies or Plantations
abroad, I do hereby declare this to be my Specification of the same, and that
I do verily believe this my said Specification doth comply, in all respects, fully
and without reserve or disguise, with the proviso in the said herein-before
in part recited Letters Patent contained; wherefore I do hereby claim to
maintain exclusive right and privilege to the said Invention.
In witness whereof, I, the said Moses Poole, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of April, One thousand eight
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RUDDERS FOR NAVIGATING VESSELS;
Year: 1830

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert William Sievier, of Southampton Row
Russell Square, in the Parish of St. George's, Bloomsbury, in the County of
Middlesex, Sculptor, for his invented or found out "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF RUDDERS FOR NAVIGATING VESSELS;" to hold, &c.; six
months.
By writ, &c.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEDICINE FOR THE CURE OF COUGHS, COLDS, ASTHMAS, AND CONSUMPTIONS, KNOWN BY THE NAME OF FORD'S BALSAM OF HOREHOUND
Year: 1830

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
FORD, of Cannonbury Square, Islington, in the County of Middlesex, Chemist,
Nephew and Successor to the late Robert Ford, send greeting.
of
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth
did, by His Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain,
bearing date at Westminster, the Twelfth day of August, in the first year
Ilis reign, give and grant unto me, the said Thomas Ford, His especial
license that I, the said Thomas Ford, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, and such others as I, the said Thomas Ford, my executors, adminis-
trators, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times during, the term of years therein mentioned, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales,
and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MEDICINE FOR THE CURE OF COUGHS, COLDS, ASTHMAS, AND CONSUMPTIONS,
KNOWN BY THE NAME OF FORD'S BALSAM OF HOREHOUND;" in which said Letters
Patent is contained a proviso, that I, the said Thomas Ford, shall cause a
particular description of the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of
Chancery within two calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference
being thereunto bad, will moro fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Thomas Ford, do hereby describe the manner in which my said Invention is to
be performed by the following description thereof (that is to say) :-
Take of the herb of horehound three pounds and a half, to which add three
pounds and a half of liquorice root and half a pound of squill root, and then
add to the above a sufficient quantity of pure water to infuse in a still for six
days, more or less, but the quantity of water must depend entirely on the
nature of the horehound; then take of the infusion or extract sixteen pints, to
which add twelve pints of spirit of wine or the best French brandy; of gum
camphor add ono ounce and a quarter, and of. extract of Turkey opium, one
ounce; of bengamin, one ounce; of extract of poppies, four drachams; of
salt tartar, four ounces; and of oil of aniseed, eight drachms; of clarified
honey, three pounds and an half; and let the same be digested together in a
close cask or vessel for about twenty-eight days, more or less. Although I have
mentioned the proportions of the ingredience and time of preparation that I
have found most suitable, yet they may be varied more or less and produce
the same effect.
My claim consists in the addition of squill root, salt of tartar, and extract of
poppies to the original Specification in such proportions as above stated.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Ford, have hereunto set my
hand and scal, this Twenty-eighth day of September, in the year of our
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE PREPARATION OF PEPPER
Year: 1830

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, Jonn
ALEXANDER FULTON, late of Lawrence Pountney Lane, Cannon Street,
in the City of London, but now of York Road, Lambeth, in the County
of Surrey, Spice Merchant, send greeting.
WHEREAS His late Majesty King George the Fourth did, by His Letters
Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at Westminster,
the Twentieth day of March, in the eleventh year of His reign, give and grant
unto me, the said John Alexander Fulton, His especial licence that I, the
said John Alexander Fulton, my exors, admors, and assigns, and such others as
I, the said John Alexander Fulton, my exors, adiñors, or assigns, should at
any time agree with and no others, from time to time, and at all times during
the term of years therein mentioned, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend within England, Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed,
and also in all His Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, my Invention of
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE PREPARATION OF PEPPER;" in which said Letters
Patent is contained a proviso that I, the said John Alexander Fulton, shall
cause a particular description of the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in His Majesty's High
Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference
being thereunto had, may more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the-said
John Alexander Fulton, do hereby describe the manner in which my said
Invention is to be performed by the following description thereof (that is
to say):
I take a quantity of pepper and put it into a mill constructed and worked
in a similar manner to those used for making pearl barley, and for the like
purposes, except that the inside surface of the case is best to be quite smooth,
and also the case is better to move in a contrary way to the stone. This
process is continued until the whole or greater part of the husk is off; it is
then separated-from-the-husk and dust, and is fit for sale or preparing for use.
As my Invention consists in removing by machinery the husks from the pepper,
whereas hitherto the outer husk only has been taken off, and that by chemical
process, I shall consider any means made use of for the purpose of removing
the husks by machinery an infringement on my Patent.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Alexander Fulton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal this Fifteenth day of September, in the First
year of the reign of our Sovereign Lord William the Fourth, by the
grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain, and Ireland
King, Defender of the Faith, and in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and thinker"
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF FACILITATING THE DRAFT, OR PRO- PULSION, OR BOTH, OF WHEELED CARRIAGES
Year: 1830

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Grisenthwaite, of Nottingham, Esquire,
for his invented "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF FACILITATING THE DRAFT, OR PRO-
PULSION, OR BOTH, OF WHEELED CARRIAGES;" to hold, &c.; six months.
By writ, &c.
CERTAIN IM- PROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS, AND A MODE OF QUICKENING THE DEAFT FOR FURNACES CONNECTED WITH THE SAME
Year: 1830

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Raw, junior, of Albany Street, Regent's Park,
in the County of Middlesex, being one of the people called Quakers, and
John Boase, of the same place, Gentleman, for their invented "CERTAIN IM-
PROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS, AND A MODE OF QUICKENING THE DEAFT FOR
FURNACES CONNECTED WITH THE SAME;" to hold, &c.; six months.
By writ. &c.
An APPARATUS CALCULATED TO PREVENT OR RENDER LESS FREQUENT THE EXPLOSION OF BOILERS IN GENERATING STEAM;
Year: 1830

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
COCHAUX, of Fenchurch Street, in the City of London, Merchant, send
greeting.
WHEREAS, in consequence of a communication from a certain Foreigner
residing abroad, I am in possession of "An APPARATUS CALCULATED TO PREVENT
OR RENDER LESS FREQUENT THE EXPLOSION OF BOILERS IN GENERATING STEAM;"
and whereas His late most Excellent Majesty King George the Fourth, by
His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Twenty-fourth day of April, in the eleventh year of His
reign, did, for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Joseph Cochaux, His especial licence that I, the said Joseph Cochaux,
my exors, adiñors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Joseph Cochaux,
my exors, admiors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times during the term of years therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England,
Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and also in all His said
Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, "the said Invention;" in which
said Letters Patent is contained a proviso obliging me, the said Joseph
Cochaux, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, particularly
to describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, and to cause the same to be enrolled
in His said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent, as in and
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN PRO- PELLING AND GIVING MOTION TO MACHINERY
Year: 1830

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Major General Joseph Gubbins, of Southampton, in
the County of Hampshire, for his invented "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN PRO-
PELLING AND GIVING MOTION TO MACHINERY;" to hold, &c.; six months.
By writ &c.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS ON LAMPS, WHICH I DENOMINATE PARLOUR'S IMPROVED TABLE LAMPS
Year: 1830

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, SAMUEL
PARLOUR, of Croydon, in the County of Surrey, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth,
by his Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing
date at Westminster the Thirteenth day of December, in the first year of
His reign, did, for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Samuel Parlour, His especial licence that I, the said Samuel
Parlour, my exors, adñiors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Samuel
Parlour, my exors, admors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times during the term of years therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS ON LAMPS, WHICH I DENOMINATE PARLOUR'S IMPROVED
TABLE LAMPS;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso obliging
me, the said Samuel Parlour, by an instrument under my hand and seal,
particularly to describe and ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, and to cause the same to be
enrolled in His said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within two calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters
Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto bad, will more fully.
and at large appear.
•

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that, in compliance with the said proviso, 1, the said
Samuel Parlour, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention to consist
in causing the oil required to feed the cotton or wick of an Argand burner to
rise and be kept up to the wick by the pressure of a column of water or other
suitable transparent fluid (the specific gravity of which is heavier than oil),
descending from an elevated transparent reservoir, the transparency of which
reservoir and of the fluid prevents any shade being cast from the lamp
thereby. And in further compliance with the said proviso, I, the said Samuel
Parlour, do hereby describe the manner in which my said Invention is to be
performed by the following description thereof, reference being had to the
Drawing annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon (that is to

page_text: of Great Britain and Ireland called England, His said Dominion of Wales,
or Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, I do hereby declare this to be my Speci-
fication of the same, and that I do verily believe this my said Specification
doth comply in all respects, fully and without reserve or disguise, with the
proviso in the said herein-before in part recited Letters Patent contained;
wherefore I do hereby claim to maintain exclusive right and privilege to
my said Invention.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Parlour, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Tenth day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and thirty-one.
A NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINE OR INSTRUMENT TO MEASURE, BEAT, AND GIVE THE ACCENTS IN ALL THE DIFFERENT MOODS OF TIME WITH ANY DEGREE OF VELOCITY REQUIRED, APPLICABLE TO THE TEACHING OF MUSIC
Year: 1831

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Augustus Whiting Gillet, of Birmingham, in the
County of Warwick, Merchant, that in consequence of a communication made
to him by a Foreigner residing abroad he is in possession of an invention of
"A NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINE OR INSTRUMENT TO MEASURE, BEAT, AND GIVE
THE ACCENTS IN ALL THE DIFFERENT MOODS OF TIME WITH ANY DEGREE OF VELOCITY
REQUIRED, APPLICABLE TO THE TEACHING OF MUSIC;" to hold, &c.; six months.
By writ. &c.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1831

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RICHARD
WILLIAMS, of College Wharf, Belvidere Road, Lambeth, Surrey, Engineer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date
at Westminster, the Twenty-eighth day of February, in the first year of His
reign, did, for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Richard Williams, His especial licence, sole privilege and authority,
that I, the said Richard Williams, my exors, adñiors, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Richard Williams, my exors, adfñiors, or assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during
the term of years therein mentioned, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-
Tweed, and also in all His said Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad,
my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES;" in which said
Letters Patent is contained a proviso that I, the said Richard Williams,
shall cause a particular description of the nature of my said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in His Majesty's
High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the
same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Richard Williams, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention,

page_text: and in what manner the same is to be performed, is particularly described
and ascertained by the following description (that is to say):-
My Certain Improvements in Steam Engines consist in rendering more
regular the actions of steam engines working by expansion, which I do by
causing a loaded fly wheel to revolve twice to each revolution of the crank
shaft, so that the loaded part shall offer a resistance to the first half of each
stroke of the engine, and in the last half of each stroke shall act so as to assist
the piston of the steam engine up or down, as the case may be.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Williams, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of August, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and thirty-one.
RICHARD (L.S.) WILLIAMS.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-seventh day of August,
in the year of our Lord 1831, the aforesaid Richard Williams came before our
said Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification afore-
said, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above
written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the
tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Twenty-seventh day of August, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and thirty-one.
CERTAIN IMPROVE- MENTS IN WRITING AND DRAWING PENS AND PENHOLDERS, AND IN THE METHOD OF USING THEM
Year: 1831

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Sampson Mordan, of Castle Street East, Finsbury,
in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, for his invented "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS IN WRITING AND DRAWING PENS AND PENHOLDERS, AND IN THE METHOD OF
USING THEM;" to hold, &c.; two months.
By writ, &c.
Dated 13th July 1831.
A CERTAIN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUC- TION OF BRIDGES MADE OF IRON OR OTHER MATERIALS; WHICH IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE CONSTRUCTION OF PIERS, RAIL ROADS, ROOFS, AND OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1831

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Macdonald, of the University Club House,
Pall Mall East, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, that in consequence
of a communication made to him by a certain Foreigner residing abroad, he
is in possession of "A CERTAIN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUC-
TION OF BRIDGES MADE OF IRON OR OTHER MATERIALS; WHICH IMPROVEMENT OR
IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE CONSTRUCTION OF PIERS, RAIL ROADS,
ROOFS, AND OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES;" to hold, &c. ; six months. By writ, &c.
Dated 31st October 1831.
AN IMPROVED GAS METER;
Year: 1831

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Crosley, of Cottage Lane, City Road, in
the County of Middlesex, Gas Meter Manufacturer, for his invented or found
out "AN IMPROVED GAS METER;" to hold, &c.; six months.
By writ, &c.
Dated 3rd October 1831.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN CHRONOMETERS
Year: 1831

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Gottlieb Ulrich, of Nicholas Lane, in the
City of London, Chronometer Maker, for his invented or found out "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN CHRONOMETERS ;" to hold, &c.; eighteen months.
AN IMPROVED ROVING MACHINE;
Year: 1831

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Gorham Gardner, of New York, but now
esiding at Threadneedle Street, in the City of London, Gentleman, that in
consequence of a communication made to him by a certain Foreigner residing
abroad, he is in possession of an invention of "AN IMPROVED ROVING MACHINE;"
to hold, &c.; six months.
By writ, &c.
Dated 11th February 1831.
AN IM- PROVEMENT IN TUNNELLING OR METHOD OF EXCAVATING SUBTERRANEOUS EXCAVA- TIONS
Year: 1831

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Harrison Gray Dyar, of Panton Square, in the
County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for his found out and invented "AN IM-
PROVEMENT IN TUNNELLING OR METHOD OF EXCAVATING SUBTERRANEOUS EXCAVA-
TIONS;" to hold, &c.; six months.
By writ, &c.