IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING BOLTS, RIVETS, SPIKES, AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Robert Lake, of the Firm of Haseltine,
Lake, & Co., Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING
BOLTS, RIVETS, SPIKES, AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES."-A communication
from abroad by George Chapman Bell, of Buffalo, New York,
United States of America.
Scaled the 11th January 1873, and dated the 15th July 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Robert Lake
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,.
on the 15th July 1872.
I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of- Haseltine,, Lake, & Co.,.
Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR.
MANUFACTURING BOLTS, RIVETS, SPIKES, AND OTHER. LIKE ARTICLES," a com-
munication, to be as follows:-
The said Invention relates to improvements in machines which have.
a stationary and a movable jaw for holding the metal rods or bars from

page_text: which the bolts, spikes, or other articles are made; the inner end of the
said rod or bar is upset to form the head of the bolt or other article,
which is cut off by suitable shearing blades.
In these machines as ordinarily constructed for making bolts and
rivets, in cutting off the blank a film or thin serrated edge of metal is
left on the end of the blank, and the same is wedged between the cutting
edge of the movable shear and the face of the stationary shear which
forms a stop whereby the end of the blank is supported against the
pressure of the upsetting or heading die. The said upsetting die is
pressed against the jaws or holding clamps and forces the cutting edge
of the movable shear against the aforesaid film of metal, which soon
blunts the said edge, thereby necessitating the frequent removal and
resharpening of the same.
The object of the first part of these improvements is the prevention of
this effect upon the movable shear. For this purpose I form a semi-
annular recess or groove in the face of the stationary shear bar, and so
arrange the same that when the parts are in position for forming the
head of the bolt or rivet the said recess will be immediately behind the
semicircular cutting edge of the movable shear; by thus forming a
space for the serrated edge of the blank I prevent the wedging of the
same against the cutting edge of the movable shear.
For making spikes I combine with the holding jaws or dies a cutting
and swaging tool fixed in the cross head of the said jaws; also inclined
ways and guide picces, whereby a downward and swaging movement is
imparted to the said cross head and tool after the blank is severed from
the rod, and the point of the spike is perfectly formed. I arrange springs
In the grooves of the ways under the tongues of the cross head to keep
the said tongues pressed against the upper sides of the grooves, except
when they are forced down by the action of the wedge-shaped guide
pieces and inclined ways. A recess is formed in a bar with an inclined
upper side to receive the end of the heated rod or bar as the same is
inserted in the machine and bend it slightly downward before upsetting
the same to form the head of a spike. A guide plate is arranged in
combination with the movable jaw and the said bar and recess to conduct
the heated rod or bar properly into the machine. A plate is also
arranged above the clamping jaws or dies to form an upper die or
clamping plate for the heated rod or bar during the formation of the
spikes. In combination with the aforesaid upsetting.dic and the cross-

page_text: head which carries the cutting and swaging tool I employ a lever cam
and reacting spring, by which the aforesaid upsetting die and cross head
are operated.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Robert Lake in the Great Scal Patent
Office on the 15th January 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
ROBERT LAKE, of the Firni of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of July, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the thirty-sixth
year of Her reign, did for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said William Robert Lake, Her special licence,
that I, the said William Robert Lake, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said William Robert Lake, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING BOLTS, RIVETS, SPIKES, AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES,"
á communication to me from abroad by George Chapman Bell, of Buffalo,
New York, United States of America, upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said William Robert Lake, my executors or admi-
nistrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to he filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Robert Lake, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed; to be particularly described and ascertained in and

page_text: by the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawing forming a part of this Specification:-
The said Invention relates to improvements in machines which have
a stationary and a movable jaw for holding the metal rods or bars from
which the bolts, spikes, or other articles are made; the inner end of the
said rod or bar is upset to form the head of the bolt or other article which
is cut off by suitable shearing blades.
In these machines as ordinarily constructed for making bolts and
rivets in cutting off the blank a film or thin serrated edge of metal is
left on the end of the blank, and the same is wedged between the
cutting edge of the movable shear and the face of the stationary shear,
which forms a stop whereby the end of the blank is supported against
the pressure of the upsetting or heading die. The said upsetting die is
pressed against the jaws or holding clamps and forces the cutting edge
of the movable shear against the aforesaid film of metal, which soon
blunts the said edge, thereby necessitating the frequent removal and
resharpening of the same.
The object of the first part of these improvements is the prevention
of this effect upon the movable shcar. For this purpose I form a semi-
annular recess or groove in the face of the stationary shear bar, and so
arrange the same that when the parts are in position for forming the
head of the bolt or rivet the said recess will be immediately behind the
semicircular cutting edge of the movable shear. By thus forming a
space for the serrated edge of the blank I prevent the wedging of the
same against the cutting edge of the movable shear..
This part of my Invention is illustrated in Figures 1 to 4 of the
Drawing.
Figure 1 is a section of the clamping jaws and shears of an ordinary
rivet machine represented in the act of cutting off a blank rivèt from
a rod which is shown in dotted lines.
'
Figure 2 is a similar section with the parts in the position they assume
when the head of the rivet is formed.
Figure 3 is a face or side view of the end of the stationary shear bar
showing a semi-annular recess formed therein.
Figure 4 is a cross section on the line Z, Z, Figure 2.
A, A¹, are two clamping jaws or heads each provided with a semi-
circular groove a equal in length to the shank of the rivet. The head A

page_text: is stationary and has attached or secured to it in any suitable way a
shear bar or blade B provided with a semicircular cutting edge 6 which
projects beyond the groove a in the head as shown in Figures 1 and 2.
The clamping head A' is provided with a shear bar or blade B¹ whose
cutting edge b¹ coincides with the groove in the clamping jaw as shown.
The combined head A, B, thus formed has a reciprocating movement
imparted to it by a cam or other suitable means as in the ordinary rivet
machines. The parts being in the position shown in Figure 1, the rod
from which the rivets are to be formed is inserted between the cutting
edges b, b', then moving toward the stationary jaw A, the head severs
a blank from the rod and clamps it between the two jaws as shown in
Figure 2. While held in this position the end of the blank which
projects beyond the griping bars is upset by a suitable die to form the
head of the rivet.
Q'
The shears in cutting off the blank leave a film of metal or thin
serrated edge on the end of the blank with the ordinary construction of
the aforesaid parts, this edge would be partially wedged between the
cutting edge 6¹ and the face or side of the stationary shear bar B, the
latter forming a stop against which the end of the blank abuts while the
head of the rivet is being formed by the pressure of the upsetting die
against the opposite end. In thus forming the head the upsetting die
presses against the edges of the griping bars A, A', thus forcing the
cutting edge against the particles of metal wedged between it and the
face of the shear bar B, breaking or blunting the edge and necessitating
the frequent removal of the shear B¹ and the resharpening of the same;
d represents the aforesaid semi-annular groove or recess formed in the
face or side of the shear bar B. The dotted lines in Figure 3 shew the
position of the end of the rivet as it is forced against the bar B during
the operation of upsetting the head thereon. This construction and
arrangement of the grooved by forming a space behind the cutting
edge b', and the contiguous serrated edge of the rivet effectually prevent
the pressing of the cutting edge against these overlapping portions of
metal which are received in the said recess.
For making spikes I combine with the holding jaws or dies a cutting
and swaging tool fixed in the cross head of the said jaws, also inclined
ways and guide pieces whereby a downward and swaging movement is
imparted to the said cross head and tool after the blank is severed from
the rod, and the point of the spike is perfectly formed. I arrange

page_text: springs in the grooves of the ways under the tongues of the cross head
to keep the said tongues pressed against the upper sides of the grooves
except when they are forced down by the action of the wedge-shaped
guide pieces and inclined ways. A recess is formed in a bar with an
inclined upper. side to receive the end of the heated rod or bar as the
same is inserted in the machine, and bend it slightly downward before
upsetting the same to form, the head of a spike. A guide plate is
arranged in combination with the movable jaw and the said bar and
recess. to conduct the heated rod, or bar properly into the machine. A
plate is also arranged above the clamping jaws or dies to form an upper
die or clamping plate for the heated rod or bar during the formation
of the spikes. In combination with the aforesaid upsetting die and
the cross head which carries the cutting and swaging tool, I employ
a lever cam and reacting spring by which the aforesaid upsetting die
and cross head are operated.
1.
Figure 5 is a longitudinal vertical section of a machine constructed
according to this-part of my Invention.
Figure 6 is a plan of the same.
Figure. 7 is a sectional elevation of portions of the said machine
shewing the knife in the position for severing the iron rod from which
the spikes are made.
•
Figure 8 is a similar view shewing the position of the knife after
it has severed the said rod.
Figure 9 is a similar view shewing the position of the knife after it
has swaged the point of a spike.
Figure 10 shews the rear end of the dies for forming the spike heads.
Figures 11 and 11ª shew the bolt cutter detached.
Figure 12 is a plan of the front portion of the said machine shewing
the dies closed.
Figure 13 is a vertical transverse section on the line X, X, Figure 5.
Figures 14 and 15 are sectional views illustrating, the construction
and arrangement of the knife head and parts connected therewith.
Figure 16 illustrates the bending of the iron rod for forming the spike
heads.
Figures 17 and 18 illustrate modifications of the means for producing
the pressure of the knife in swaging the ends of the spikes.

page_text: Figure 19. is a sectional view illustrating the manner of securing and
adjusting wedge blocks in the knife head.
A is the bed and frame of the machine which may be of any suitable
construction for supporting the parts; B is the stationary griping die or
jaw secured in a suitable recess or depression in the bed of the frame
as will be presently explained; B₁ is the movable die secured in a
frame C by the cross piece c, Figures 5 and 12, and the set screw c³,
Figure 6.
This improved machine in its general construction being adapted not
only for making spikes, but also round headed bolts; the griping
dies B, B', are constructed with dies on each end, adapted to these
different purposes.
For making spikes the stationary die B is formed with a ledge bs
projecting from the lower portion of the face having an inclined upper
surface, as shewn in Figure 13, while the face at the opposite end is
formed with a semicircular groove to receive the round rod when the
machine is employed in making bolts. V is the cutter fitted in the
recess at the side of the die B, and used only for making bolts or rivets.
The face of the die B is formed with a rectangular recess or rabbet 6 of
a size sufficient to receive the square rod from which the spike is to be
formed, and clamp it against the stationary jaw, as clearly shewn in
Figures 12 and 13; the front portion of the bottom of the die or recess
in which the rod rests inclines upward to correspond with the bevel on
one side of the point of the spike, as shewn at 6', Figures 7 and 16. The
under side is bevelled at 62 to correspond with the bevel 63 of the die B.
D is the upsetting die for forming the head of the spike. It is secured
in a head or stock D', which reciprocates between ways a², cast with or
secured to the bed of the machine. The stock or shank D¹ is coupled
by straps d to a lever E, whose lower end passes through a slot a³ in the
bed of the frame, and is pivotted between two downwardly projecting
lugs a', underneath the bed, as shewn in Figure 5. F is a bar secured
to a cross piece f, fastened to the top of the ways a². Its forward end
is constructed as shewn in Figure 16, with a notch f¹, the upper side of
which inclines outwardly and upwardly. This bar is so arranged that
its front end will be alongside of the head forming die on the side of the
movable jaw B', and so that the notch will be in line with and imme-
diately behind the bed b, on which the heated rod q is placed preparatory
to forming the spike. As the end of the heated rod is inserted in the

page_text: .
•
machine the' end strikes the upper inclined side of the notch f¹, and is
thereby bent or deflected downward, as shewn in Figure 16, this bent
portion forming the head of the spike when upset by the die D. G, G,
are two cross pieces which span the griping dies, and are secured on
either side of the latter by bolts g, Figure 6. The inner edges of these
cross pieces are constructed with channels or grooves g¹, and form ways
in and between which a cross head H reciprocates. I is the bar which
forms the knife and swaging tool whereby the spike blank is severed
from the rod and pointed. It fits in a hole in the cross head H, and is
secured and adjusted by set screws h, one in front abutting against the
edge of the bar, and the other passing downward through a bearing arm
h¹ of the cross head to press against the end of the said bar as shown in
Figures 5 and 9. The upper overlapping edges of the ways G are formed
to leave a portion g², Figure 6, overlapping. These portions g³ incline
downward to form a way 7. To the upper side of the cross head H.are
secured guide pieces 2 by set screws h³, passing through slots in the
said guide pieces to render them adjustable lengthwise. The forward
ends of these guide pieces are bevelled on the upper side to correspond
with the inclined ways g³, with which the said guide pieces are so
arranged that the bevelled ends thereof as the cross head moves forward
will engage under the inclined ways 9³ that operate to force downward
the cross head, as will be more fully explained. The grooves g¹ of the
ways G are made wider than the portions * of the cross head projecting
therein to permit the depression of the cross head when the guide pieces
strike the inclined ways g³. In these grooves underneath the portions /*
are arranged elliptical springs j, which operate to keep the slide portions
h' in contact with the upper side of the groove except when depressed
by the inclined ways g³ as above described. The tool I is constructed as
clearly shewn in Figures 7, 8, and 9, with a front cutting edge i and
a swaging face behind the cutting edge. The cross head H is
connected with the upper end of the lever E by a connecting rod K,
Figure 5. L is the driving shaft, and M a fly wheel; N is a cam on
this shaft, by which the lever E and through it the cross head H and
head upsetting die are operated. O is a grooved cam on the shaft L, in
which cam works the end of the long arm of a lever P pivoted at p.
to the bed of the machine, the short arm of the said lever being connected
to the frame C by a coupling bar S, Figure 6, by which the moveable
gripping die B' is operated. W', Figures 6 and 13, is a plate secured on
the top of the stationary die B by means of a screw r passing downward

page_text: through one of the blocks G and upon the plate W, which also serves to
hold the die B down in place. The plate. W overlaps the edge of the
jaw B', and forms the upper plate of the die for the spike. When the
movable die B' is separated from the stationary die B, the space between
the under surface of the top plate W and the bottom of the die b is.
sufficient to permit the easy insertion of the rod from which the spikes
are to be formed, but as the die B¹ closes the beveled surface b² rides up
the inclined ledge 6s, and clamps the rod against the under side of the
plate W and between the faces of the dies B, B¹. Y is a guide plate,
secured to the front edge of the bed A by screws y; it is bent over
backward above the same and arranged to connect with the incline b¹
when the jaw B' is open and the die bin line with the notch f. This
guide plate on the side next to the movable jaw B' is formed with an
upturned flange y', and serves to guide the end of the heated rod to the
die or ledge b.
The operation of this improved machine is as follows:-The moveable
jaw B¹ being open to bring the die 6 in line with the bar and notch F, ƒ¹,
the end of the heated iron rod is placed on the plate Y, which guides it to
the die and into the notch f¹, the inclined side of which bends the end
downward as herein-before described. As the movable jaw closes the die
and rod act to remove the end of the rod from the notch f¹ and the rear
end of the guide Y, and bring it in front of the head upsetting die D.
The rod being now grasped and firmly held between the clamping dies,,
the cam N forces forward the lever E, and with it the heading die D and
cross head H with its cutting and swaging tool I, which severs the rod
as the head of the spike is being upset. The wedge-shaped guide pieces
h² of the cross head meeting the inclined guides g³ just after the knife i
has passed the point of the severed spike, the said inclined guides force
downward the cross head and tool I and the face ¹ of the latter against.
the beveled surface of the point of the spike cut off by the knife i pressing.
and swaging the same with a downward and forward movement. The
rod from which the spike is formed resting on the front and raised
portion of the die ', the pressure of the knife in severing the rod is
insufficient to force the latter into the angle of the die beneath, and
leaves the spike q imperfectly formed on the under side of its point.
The pressure of the swaging face ¹ forces the metal into the angle of the
die on the under side of the spike, thereby producing a spike whose
point is uniformly beveled on both sides. A spike being thus formed,

page_text: and the cam N disengaged from the lever E, a spiral spring T, which
connects the upper end of said lever with the bed of the machine, pulls
downward the lever and draws back the cross head H and head upsetting
die D at the same time that the lever P has withdrawn the movable
jaw B¹, and releases the spike, which is dislodged by any suitable means,
leaving the parts again in the position first described and ready for a
repetition of the operation.
In Figure 17, X represents an arm pivoted to the way G, and so
arranged as to engage with a shoulder or stop ✗' formed on the upper
side of the cross head H in place of the guide pieces h². This device
may be substituted for the inclined ways g³ for depressing the cross head,
which result will be obviously effected by the arm X engaging with the
stop X¹.
Figure 18 represents another modification of the means for producing
this downward and swaging movement of the cross head and tool I. In
this Figure Z is a roller arranged in place of the ways 9³, while Z' is a
similar roller mounted in suitable bearings in the cross head to engage
with the roller Z at the required point, and thus cause the necessary
depression of the cross head. I prefer, however, the wedge-shaped
guides and inclined ways first herein described.
To adapt the machine for making bolts the cross head H and con-
necting rod K are removed, a suitable heading die substituted for the
die D, and the dies B, B¹, and cutter V reversed.
Having thus fully described the said Invention as communicated to
me by my foreign correspondent, and the manner of performing the
same, I wish it understood that I claim,-
First. The semi-annular recess d, formed in the face of the shear bar,
and arranged in combination with the cutting edge and clamping jaws
as herein set forth for the purpose specified.
Second. The inclined ways and wedge-shaped stop or guide pieces or
other like mechanism in combination with the ways G, cross head H,
cutting and swaging tool I, and griping dies B, B'; as herein set forth
and for the purpose specified.
Third. The arrangement of the springs j in combination with the
grooves g', inclined ways 9³, and guides, and tongues h², h', of the cross
head H; as herein set forth and for the purpose specified:

page_text: Fourth. The recess f₁ of the bar F, constructed and arranged in com-
bination with the head upsetting dic D, and movable griping die B¹, b¹,
and stationary die B, as herein set forth and for the purpose specified.
Fifth. The arrangement of the guidė plate Y in combination with the
movable die B', 6', and bar F, provided with the recess f¹, as hercin set
forth and for the purpose specified.
Sixth. The arrangement of the upper die plate W, in combination
with the inclined ledge 63 of the stationary die B, and the rabbet b,
and bevelled surface 62 of the movable griping die B', as herein set forth,
and for the purpose specified.
Seventh. The combination of the lever E, cam N, and reacting spring
T with the cross head H, connecting rod K, and heading die and stock
D, D', as herein set forth and for the purpose specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Robert Lake, have hereunto
set my hand and seal this Fifteenth day of January, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three.
Witness,
W. J. LOWE.
W. ROBT. LAKE. (L.S.)