CERTAIN COMBINATIONS OF AND IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MAKING PINS
Year: 1817

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, SETH
HUNT, of the United States of America, but now resident in Covent Garden,
in the County of Middlesex, Esquire, send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third did,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Twenty-third
day of May, in the fifty-seventh year of His reign, give and grant unto
me, the said Seth Hunt, my exors, adññiors, and assigns, His especial licence,
full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said Seth Hunt, my
exors, admors, and assigns, during the term of years therein mentioned, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales,
and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, an Invention communicated to me by
a certain Foreigner residing abroad, of "CERTAIN COMBINATIONS OF AND
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MAKING PINS;" in which said Letters Patent
there is contained a proviso obliging nie, the said Seth Hunt, by an instru-
ment in writing under my hand and seal, to cause a particular description of
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six
calendar months after the date of the said recited Letters Patent, as in and
by the same (relation being thereunto had) may more fully and at large
appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Seth Hunt, do hereby declare that this improvement in the manufacture of
pins for pinning clothes consists in devising, constructing, combining, making,
applying, and putting together machinery, in such form, order, manner, and

page_text: combination never before known or made use of, so as to effect the desireable
purpose of making pins with a head, shaft, and point in one entire piece, by
the action of this newly-combined machine; the heads of the machine so made
being solid or formed of one entire piece only.
And I do hereby further declare, that by the mere action of parts of this
machine when set in motion it is capable of feeding itself; one end of the wire
being applied to a pair of rollers they carry it into the machine, and continue so
to do until the whole length so applied is used up complete; and although wire
has been fed into machines by rollers, as in the card wire machine, &c., yet I
claim the sole use of such contrivance when applied to a machine or machines
for making pins for pinning clothes, without excluding any other Inventor from
using them in the combination of any other machine or machines, save and
except machines for the purpose of making pins for pinning clothes.
And I hereby further declare that this machine is so combined that by the
action of some of its parts it effects the desireable purpose of cutting off the
wire of a proper length to make a pin with; and although similar means may
have been used in either machines for a variety of purposes, yet I claim the
sole use of such contrivance and combination when applied to machines for
making pins for pinning clothes, but without excluding other Inventors from
using them in other combinations of machinery, save and except machines for
making-pins for pinning clothes.
And I do hereby further declare that in this machine certain dies are
used most suitable to the combination, which dies serve the purpose of
firmly holding the wire shaft after it is cut off from the supplying piece
while the head is formed, which formation is produced by compressing a
portion of the wire into a globular form on the head of the shaft, conse-
quently the head and shaft remain in one entire piece... These .dies are so
contrived that after the head is formed they still continue to hold the shaft,
while the end is formed into a point; and for this purpose the dies revolve
upon an axis in manner hereafter to be described. And I hereby further
declare, that connected with the said dies another apparatus is combined,
which I call a header; this consists of a hollow cylinder terminated at one
end by an egg-shaped form, which is made to fit a corresponding concavity
within the dies; through the egg-shaped termination of this cylinder a small
hole is made, which unites with the internal tube or bore of the cylinder. The
intention of this hole is to receive so much of the wire extending beyond the
top of the shaft as is sufficient to make the head of a pin when compressed
into a proper form. This small hole is about a quarter of an inch long, and
is made exactly in a line with the axis of the cylinder. Within this small

page_text: cylindrical hole is placed a small cylinder of steel, made to fit the hole accu-
rately, but yet with sufficient freedom to move backwards and forwards with
case as occasion may require. The use of this small. short cylinder. is to com-
press the wire which extends beyond the gripe of the dies into a globular
form. This small cylinder I call a crowner, because it forms the upper part of
the head, giving it an impression peculiar to pins made by this improved
machine. It may be necessary to observe that the crowner is pressed forward
to compress the wire into a globular form by a solid steel cylinder, which is
made to fit the largest aperture or bore of the first-named cylinder, and,
reaching to the bottom, comes in contact with the crowner and presses it
forward by the action of other parts of the machine until it sufficiently.com-
presses the wire into a globular form which completes the heading. Now,
although dies of a variety of forms have been used in the manufacture of
pins for pinning clothes, yet none were ever made before which were formed
like the dies in this machine, nor combined in the same manner to perform
the operations of heading the shaft from the solid wire, nor has any person
before ever made dies, which were used to perform the operation of heading
pins, revolve upon an axis to assist in the operation of pointing the shaft;
therefore I claim the exclusive privilege of using such dies in combination with
the other parts of this machine during the lawful term of this Patent. And be
it here observed, that I do not exclude other Inventors from using the above
combinations of dies, cylinders, &c., in any machine or machines, save and
except machines for making pins for pinning clothes.
And I hereby further declare that in this machine there is contrived a
method of pointing each pin individually while held in the dies, after the
heading is compleated. This operation is effected by giving motion to a
small hardened circular steel wheel or file about half an inch diameter;
this wheel is cut upon its upper surface like a file, except that the cuts
radiate from its centre; it has a small hole drilled through its centre,
which is converted into a female screw, by which it is screwed upon a
vertical axis to receive its motion. The axis upon which the pointing
wheel is fixed is placed vertically in a frame, which frame is attached to
the end of a bar whose office is to raise or lower the frame and pointer as
occasion may require. The pin shaft being headed is held firmly in the dies,
and the dies are then made to revolve about four revolutions in one direction,
and return with the same number in a contrary direction. As soon as the
revolution of the dies begin the pointer is elevated until it bears against that
end of the shaft which is to be pointed, and as the pointer is then going round
with great velocity, the shaft is pointed very perfectly by the two motions,

page_text: viz, between the vertical motion of the pin shaft produced by the revolution
of the dies upon their horizontal axis. To prevent the shaft from yielding by its
spring, and thereby escape the action of the pointer, a small presser is used,
which being forced down by the advance of a small inclined plane, bears the
end of the shaft firmly upon the pointer, the presser receiving the end of the
shaft in a small groove or notch in which it revolves, until the point is com-
pletely formed. Now, although wheels of the same kind here described have
been used, combined in various ways for cutting the tecth of wheels and other
purposes, yet they have never been used before in a similar combination for
the purpose of pointing pins for pinning clothes. I therefore claim the sole
use of this division of this combination for the purpose of pointing pins for
pinning clothes, without excluding any other Inventor from using the same
in any machine or machines, save and except machines for making pins for
pinning clothes.
These being the principal divisions of this newly-invented combination, all
the minor parts, consisting of spur wheels, pinions, pullies, bands, cams, whirls,
bolts, inclined planes, springs, &c. common to all machinery and used in a
variety of ways, will be described hereafter, and the manner and order in
which they are combined, so as to act with the greatest advantage when
united with the combinations above stated. And I hereby further declare
that I have in the annexed Drawings and description shewn how and in what
manner the parts of this machine are to be made, arranged, and put together,
and how the same is to be used to the greatest advantage, adopting in the
mode of description nearly the same order previously made use of in the
description of the general character of the machine and its combinations.
Drawing 3, Fig. 1.-A, A, represents a plan of a cast-iron frame. B & C
are wrought-iron bars screwed to the frame A, A, each having four square holes
made in them to let the bolts 1, 2, 3 & 4 slide in. D & E are cross bars
screwed to the cast-iron frame, upon these various moveable parts are fixed.
F & G are sliding. bars containing inclined planes; these are fixed by
adjusting screws to the bolts 1 & 2. H & I are sliding bars or jaws. These:
receive motion from the inclined planes F & G, and the straps a, b, c, & d keep.
the sliding jaws and inclined planes in their grooves, each. being screwed
to the cast-iron frame. e represents a presser used in the operation of
pointing; it receives a slight motion from an inclined plane, seen under e, and
for this purpose it swings upon pivots, as shewn at e. The spring screwed at
a holds it up when it is at rest. f represents a clearer pressed down by its
spring screwed to the strap b; this clearer receives motion from the inclined.
plane shewn under f. K is a bar attached to the bolt 3 by a screw passing..

page_text: through both; one end being bent up at right angles, is attached to the lever L
by a screw passing through the slit at L. L is a lever turning upon the
upper part of the screw at its end near L, the other end has a hole tapped to
receive a screw upon which the lever g turns or moves.
The lever is seen
in this Figure principally in dotted lines, it being placed under the rack M.
M is a rack or portion of a wheel turning upon an axis h, this axis passes
through the centre of M, and it is so contrived that the rack may rise and fall
perpendicularly upon the centre h, as well as turn partly round under the rack
M; and upon the centre pin h is placed a spiral spring, see Drawing 2, Fig. 1,
which represents. an elevation of the bar E, and the principal parts connected
with it.
Fig. 1, Drawing S.-i represents a tumbler which moves upon centres; the
under part is formed into an inclined plane, down which the rack. M slides,
until it falls into the teeth of the pinion k, giving motion to k & l at the same
time and in the direction of the darts drawn on cach. & are two pinions
represented in dotted lines placed on the rollers k & 1 (the form of these
and their position will be plainly seen in Fig. 1, Drawing 2); when these
rollers receive motion from the rack M, they feed or advance the wire into the
machine at proper intervals, for both rollers remain stationary, except when
set in motion by the rack M passing from one side of the bar E to the other.
Drawing 3, Fig. 1.- N represents a spring, which is used to press the two
rollers together, giving thereby sufficient pressure upon the wire placed
between them to carry it into the machine when the rollers are set in motion
by the rack M. O shews the position of two pieces of iron, the under one a
plain flat piece, the upper one has a groove made in it to let the wire pass
through after it has passed between the rollers; these pair of plates I call
guides, their office being to guide the wire in a proper direction; these guides
are fixed by six adjusting screws to a plate of iron, which is screwed to a
cross bar immediately under the bar E. The position of these guides may
be more accurately seen represented by dotted lines in the front elevation of
the machine, Fig. 1, Drawing 5.
Drawing 3, Fig. 1.-P represents the position of a pair of dies which receive
the pin shaft and hold it while the head is formed; these dies are jointed to a
frame m, which is screwed a hollow pinion n, the pinion n has one axis q
passing through it, which assists in compressing the wire to form the head of
a pin. Qrepresents a brass box adjustable by four screws; these screws assist
in placing the dies P in a proper situation or position. o shews the position of
a collar frame, in which the collar p turns. R shews the position of a circular
rack which works in the pinion n, and thereby revolves the dics upon their

page_text: .axis. The bar S is fixed to the cylinder T, which moving in the standards
V, V, permit the rack R to move-up and down for the purpose of revolving the
dies upon their axis; the bar S has a weight w fixed to one end, which serves
to bring the rack up after it has descended for the purpose of revolving the dies.
.U shews the position of a cylinder, the axis of which move in brass boxes
screwed to the cast-iron frame A, A; upon the distant end is fixed the band
wheel W, and upon the nearest end is fixed the pinion X, and upon the same
end is placed the winch Y, by which the machine is set in motion. Z repre-
sents a cylinder, the centres or gudgeons of which move in brass boxes
screwed to the cast-iron frame; upon this cylinder. is screwed the cams
10, 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15; these cams set the principal divisions of the
machine in motion. 16 shews the position of an iron spur wheel fixed on the
axis of the cylinder Z; this wheel receives motion from the pinion X when
turned by the winch Y. 17 represents a guard piece screwed to the bar D;
this serves to keep the rack R from slipping out or escaping the teeth of the
pinion n. 18 represents a bridge screwed to the cast-iron frame; this keeps
the dies P.in a proper situation upon the axis q. 19 shews a frame screwed
to the cast-iron franie A, A; this frame receives one centre of an axis upon
which the band, wheel 20 is fixed; a similar one fixed to the wooden frame
receives the other end of the axis, sec Drawing 5, Fig. 1.
Drawing 3, Fig. 1.-21 represents a pulley fixed on the same axis as
the band wheel 20.. The wheel and pulley receive motion from the end-
less band 22, which goes over the band wheel W. The position of 20
and 21 will be seen likewise at Fig. 1, Drawing 5, and the frame in which
the bottom pivot of the axis moves, represented in dotted lines.
Drawing 3, Fig. 1.-23 represents a curved bar fixed to a cross bar 24, upon
which it turns or swings; the cross bar 24 having gudgeons at each end moves
in boxes screwed to the under side of the cast-iron frame. The position
of this will be better seen in Fig. 1 of Drawing 5.
"
Fig. 2 of Drawing 2 represents a plan of 23 separated from the machine,
shewing a friction roller placed in one end at X. This rolls over the cam 15,
fixed to the cylinder Z, in Drawing 3 and 1; upon the other end is fixed the
frame 25, in which the pulley 26 revolves upon its axis 27. The frame is
capable of adjustment upon the bar 28 by means of the screw 28, the frame
turning on the screw 29 for that purpose. The adjustment being compleat
the frame is firmly fixed to its position by the pressing screw 80.
Fig. 3 of Drawing 2- represents a front elevation of Fig. 2, and Fig. 4
shews an-end-elevation. 31 shews the position of the pointing wheel, which
is cut upon its upper surface like a file; the cuts radiating from the centre.

page_text: This wheel is screwed upon the axis 27, having a female screw in its centre
for tliat purpose.
32 represents a small brass collar which serves to keep the
brass dust made in pointing the pins from clogging the axis of the pulley 27.
Fig. 5 of Drawing 2 represents the revolving dies laid open, shewing the
33 shews the round
manner of jointing them to their framic m and pinion n.
aperture for the cylindrical header to come through, which likewise serves as
an axis for the pinion and dies to revolve upon; the end of the external beading-
cylinder is made to fit the spherical or egg-shaped cavities at 34, 34, and at
35, 35, a similar cavity may be observed uniting with 34, 34, but small.
enough to hold part of the head of a pin. When the dies are closed, these
cavities exactly coincide, the shaft of the pin being held in or between the
grooves 36, 36, which are likewise made to coincido very exactly; the projecting
collar or ring 37 bears against the bridge 18.
Fig. 1, Drawing 1 and 8.-38; 38, shews the places of the small pins, upon
which two spiral springs are placed, to force open the die frames, and disen-
gage the pin after it is made compleat. 39, 39, shew the position of two.
inclined planes which project from the die; these fall into a corresponding.
recess in the opposite die, and the effect produced by their operation is to.
guide the wire into the grooves 36, 36...
Fig. 6 represents a plan of the dies and frames screwed to their pinion n, in
the position they assume in the machine after they have.compleated a pin and.
delivered it, the spiral: springs and heading cylinders being removed. Fig. 7
shews the die frames, &c. in the same position, with the heading cylinders or
axis q in-its place. After a pin has been made and delivered the position of
the spiral springs which force open the dies are seen keeping the die frames
open. 40 shews the internal solid cylinder which fits into the cylinder q, and
reaches near to the bottom of it. The use of this will be explained hereafter.
41 shews a spiral spring, which is coiled upon the cylinder 40. One end of this
presses against the collar at the end of the cylinder q, and the other end exerts
its pressure upon the collar on the end of the cylinder 40, keeping the two
cylinders in a proper situation as regards each other. To shew this more clearly,
Fig. 8 represents a partial section of some of the foregoing "parts through
the line a, b, of Fig. 7. In this Fig. the wire of the shaft is seen -laying
in the die, and the cylinder q having in its passage pushed back the small
steel pin (which I shall call a crowner), where it occupies its place within
the cylinder . It may be observed, that the end of the cylinder q exactly
fits the globular concavity 34 of the dies, and the cylindrical hole in g exactly
fits or coincides with the top of the small cavity 35, shewn at Fig. 5.
v'
Fig. 9 is, a representation of the same combination of parts with the wire com-

page_text: pressed, forming thereby the head of the pin from the solid wire. This is effected
by driving forward the cylinder 40, which, coming in contact with the crowner v,
drives it forward and compresses the end of the wire, which extends beyond
the gripe of the dies, into the form requisite for the head of a pin. The parts
which operate upon the heading cylinders, dies, &c. will be described by those
. Drawings which represent the machine in a combined state. The contracted
position of the spring 41 shews how it has closed, thereby permitting the
cylinder 40 to bear upon the crowner v so as to form the head of the pin by
compression.
The principal parts of the machine being described individually, I now
proceed to shew how this machine operates upon the wire, so as to form it
into pins. The wire is to be straightened in the usual manner adapted in the
manufacture of pins, and then wound upon a reel three feet in diameter, and
the reel being placed in a convenient position, one end of the wire is applied
between the grooves in the rollers & 1 (see Drawing 1, Fig. 1), and the
machine being set in motion by turning the winch Y, the cam 12, fixed on the
cylinder Z, propels forward the bolt 3 and likewise the bar K. This motion,
acting upon the compound levers L. & g, moves them to the left, the rack M
sliding down the inclined plane of the tumbler i, falls into the leaves of the
pinion k, and turns it round in its passage from one side of the bar E to the
other. The pinion k is connected with the pinion 7, consequently both turn in
the direction of the darts seen upon each within the dotted lines at .& l. The
rollers which feed in the wire being upon the same axis as the pinion k & 1,
will be turned in the same direction as the pinions & 1, consequently the
wire placed between them will be moved forward into the machine in the
same manner as the metal which is passed between the rollers of a flatting
mill. The roller is pressed towards the roller / by a spring N, and for this
purpose the hole in which the axis of revolves is made large enough to
permit the axis to have a little freedom or play. It may be here observed,
that the quantity of wire carried forward at cach passage of the rack M will
depend upon the number of teeth contained in the arc of the said rack, as the
combination of parts necessary to move the rack M cannot be completely
understood by this Drawing.
Fig. 1 of Drawing 2 represents an elevation of the bar E, and so much of
the parts attached to it as serve to elucidate the operation of each more clearly.
In this Figure the rack is represented in dotted lines as passing through, the
teeth being inserted in those of the pinion k, consequently it turns the pinion
round, and with it the roller k. The levers I. & g carry the rack forward until it
completely clears the pinion and immediately the spiral spring coiled on

page_text: the axis throws up the rack to the position seen at M, it is then at liberty
to return to its former situation to perform a repetition of its movement. It
must be remembered that it is the tumbler i that effects a principal part of
the movement, for the levers L & g pressing the rack M forward it is obliged
to pass down an inclined plane in front of the tumbler i, which compresses the
spiral spring upon the axis h until the rack M assumes the position shewn in
dotted lines below M, the position of the bottom of the inclined plane of the
tumbler being shewn in dotted lines at i. Hence it will be seen that the
operation of feeding the machine is effected by the rack M causing the
pinions & to revolve, and, leaving them stationary, it returns to its previous
position to repeat the operation. The return is effected by the friction roller
at the end of the bolt 8, Drawing 1, Fig. 1, rolling off the cam 12 as the
cylinder z proceeds, the said roller being at all times pressed with considerable
force against the cam 12 or cylinder by the spiral spring coiled round the
bolt 3, one end, of which exerts its force against the bar B, and and the other
upon the steel pin passing through the bolt 3, as represented in Drawing 1;
Fig. 1. It only remains to be stated, that the change of position of the rack M,
levers L&g, produced by the bar K falling back to its original situation, will
be seen in the Plan of the machine complete in Drawing 3, Fig. 1, this being
the position from which they first began to move.
After the wire is carried into the machine in the manner described, the
next manipulation is to cut off the proper length necessary to form into a piu.
Drawing 1, Fig. 1, represents the cams 10 & 11 coming into action. These
cams, being duplicates, will drive forward the bolts 1 & 2, and likewise the
bars F, G, the inclined planes of which close the bars II & I until they assume
the position represented in Fig. 1 of Drawing 3. To the side of the bar I
(Drawing 1, Fig. 1) is screwed a small cutter s, which cuts off the wire at the
proper place as it passes the edge of the bar II, the two bars (with this
addition) acting as a pair of jaws, which cut the wire off by each approaching
the other. When these bars come in contact with each other they would
evidently bruise-the wire of the shaft between their faces, but to prevent this
there is a semi-cylindrical groove made in each to let the shaft lay in when
they come close together. The bars H & I do not return to their previous
position immediately after cutting off the wire, but remain stationary during
the time the head is formed. To produce this effect the principal portions of
the curves of each of the cams 10 & 11 are made concentric with the
cylinder Z; consequently the friction rollers upon the bars 1 and 2, having
attained the summits of cams 10 and 11, continue by their action to keep the
bars H & I completely closed. After the wire is cut off of the proper length

page_text: the bars I & I have another function to perform, which is that of closing and
holding very firmly the dies P while the wire is compressed into the form of a
head. For this purpose there is a cavity in the ends of the bars I & I to
receive the ends of the dies P and press them very firmly together while
the head is formed. The altered position of the parts just described will
be completely understood by comparing Drawing No. 1 with Fig. 1 of
Drawing No. 3.
**The next division of this combination is the contrivance for converting a por-
tion of the wire into the shape or form necessary to constitute the head of a pin.
For this purpose the cam 13, Drawing 1, Fig. 1, propels the bolt 4 forward,
and with it the small thin bar r, which is screwed to the under part of the
bolt 4; these drive forward the cylinders 7 & 40 until the end of the cylinder q
enters the egg-shaped or semi-spherical cavity within the dies P. The position
of each cylinder will be better understood in Fig. 8 of Drawing 2, which
represents the state each cylinder assumes when the friction roller of the
bolt 4 has attained about half the summit of the cain 18. At that point of
time the cylinder is pressed up firmly against the cavity 34 of the dies P, the
wire t having pushed the crowner back to the position at v to compleat the
opération of heading, all the parts being now prepared for that purpose. The
cam 13 continuing to advance drives forward the bolt 4, which exerts its
pressure upon the end of the cylinder 40 as it advances, the spiral spring 41
closing or yielding. The cylinder 40 communicates the pressure to the
crowner v, and that point of the wire which extends beyond the gripe of the
revolving.dies P being too weak to resist such a powerful force, first bends or
coils and ultimately is compressed into the form represented in Fig. 9 of
Drawing 2. As the part of the combination operates (even in the machine
in a way that cannot be discovered by the eye of an observer without the
machine be taken to pieces) in order to render the description as intelligible
as. the nature of so complex a machine requires, Fig. 1 of Drawing 4
represents a vertical section taken through the centre of the machine, wherein
the action of all the parts employed in heading may be seen as they are
placed at the moment the head is formed. This Figure, with Figs. 7, 8, & 9
of Drawing 2, will fully explain the operation of healing the shaft from the
solid wire. (This section, Fig. 1 of Drawing 4, is made from the machine in
position, the same as Plan Fig. 1, Drawing 3) the reason for which will be
obvious, the operation being effected within materials that cannot be seen
through. It will appear evident that this compression is produced by a
powerful action, and that, a corresponding reaction is necessary to resist the
force applied. For this purpose the bars F & G, Fig. 1, Drawing -8, are

page_text: made to exert great force upon the sliding bars H & 1, which, inclosing the
ends of the revolving dies P between them, gripe the shaft so firmly that it
cannot slip; and it may be further observed, the cams 10 & 11, having the
highest portion of their curves concentric with the cylinder Z, and likewise
being duplicates, they not only exert their greatest power at the moment the
friction rollers attain the summit of each, but continue to exert the same force
during the whole time the friction rollers are passing over those portions of
the cams 10 & 11.
The next and last operation to finish the form of the pin is to point the end
of the shaft, the head being now formed compleat upon one end of the shaft.
As the cylinder Z proceeds the cams 10 & 11 & 13 pass on, and the rollers
upon the bolts 1, 2; & 3 are forced back by the spiral springs coiled upon
those bolts, consequently the heading cylinders, &c. return to their original
positions, and the bars F, G, & H, I, assume the situation represented in
Drawing 1, Fig. 1, being the same from which they started. The spirál
springs represented in Drawing 2, Fig. 7, would open the dies, and they would
drop the pin after the bars H & I leave off pressing them together; but to
prevent this, when the bar K recedes and falls off the cam 12, the collar
frame o, being attached to a projection upon the bar K, carries or slides the
collar p upon the cylindrical parts of the revolving die frames shewn at
Fig. 1 of Drawing 3, by which means they hold the shaft tight enough for the
operation of pointing. As the cylinder Z advances the cam 14 begins to act upon
the roller fixed under the bar S, and raises the weight w, causing the rack R to
descend, which rack being geared into the pinion », turns it round upon the
cylinder q, about four revolutions in the descent, and as many in the opposite
direction when it rises, the ascent being caused by the friction roller passing
down the cam 14, the weight w producing the necessary preponderance upon
that end of the bar S to which it is fixed. What has now been stated
describes the method and combination that produces the horizontal revolution
of the pin shaft, the dies and frame being pressed close together by t
the
collar p; at the same instant that the pinion 'n begins to revolve the cam*15
begins to operate by depressing the bar 23 at that end where the friction
roller is placed; this, consequently, elevates the other end, to which is fixed
the frame 25, and the pointing wheel 31 is thereby brought up.until it bears
upon the end of the pin shaft, which shaft is prevented from yielding or
springing away from the pressure of the pointing wheel 31 by the presser c,
which is forced down upon the shaft by the inclined plane represented under e
(see Drawing 1, Fig. 1). This inclined plane, being fixed to the bar H, is
brought into action when the said bar récedes after the heading is completed.
To give the very rapid motion to the pointing wheel necessary to produce
"

page_text: a proper effect upon the pin shaft, an endless band 22 is put upon the
large band wheel W, which is passed over the whirl 21, which being fixed
upon the same axis as the lesser band wheel 20, turns it rapidly round.
From 20, an endless band is carried over the pulley 26, which gives a
very rapid motion to the axis 27, upon which is screwed the pointing wheel
31. This being the last operation, the pin is delivered from the dies P, by
the advance of the bar K, which as it moves to the left to repeat its action
of causing the rollers k & 1 to feed in more wire, carries with it the collar
frame and the collar p. Immediately the dies P are opened by the small
helical springs shown at Fig. 7 of Drawing 2, and the pin drops out com-
pletely formed. The position of the dies P, when forced open ready to receive
more wire, is represented in Fig. 1 of Drawing 1. To prevent any accident
which might arise from a pin sticking in the dies P, the clearer is pressed
down upon the pin, as the bar I advances to cut off another shaft, by the
inclined plane fixed thereon coming into action, as seen under f, Fig. 1 of
Drawing 9.
Fig. 4 of Drawing 1 is an elevation of the bridge piece seen in both
plans of the machine at 18.
Fig. 2, Drawing 1, represents a section of the adjusting scrow and nut
which is used to adjust the bar G to the bolt 2. It will here be seen that
the end of the bolt 2 is formed into a screw which is tapped into the nut i;
the nut u turns round in the bar G, but is prevented from being drawn out
by the small screw which goes through part of the bar G, and enters a small
groove in the cylindrical end of the nut u. The bolt 1 is adjusted to the
bar F by similar parts.
Drawing 5, Fig. 1, represents a front elevation of a machine screwed to a
wooden frame 43, 43. In this Figure the position of the bar S and rack R
are seen more distinctly, both being at rest; the parts to which they are con-
bined are more evident. The position of the bar 23, likewise the pointing
frame and apparatus, are here shewn at rest, but when the cam 15 is carried
further round it depresses the roller a, and elevates the pointing frame, until
the wheel 31 comes in contact with the end of the shaft to be pointed.
Fig. 2 of Drawing 5 represents end views of the sliding bars H and I,
shewing the recesses for part of the pin shaft to lay in, and the hollow semi-
cylindrical cavities which receive the dies P, and press them together. The
cutters is likewise seen screwed to the bar I by two small screws, and the
dotted lines on each represents the depth of the grooves made in each for the
inclined planes F & G to slide in.
Fig. 3 of Drawing 5 represents a section of the cylinder Z, by which the
exact curvature of the cams 14 and 15 are accurately seen.

page_text: Fig. 4 of Drawing 5 represents a section of the same cylinder, in which the
curvature of the cams 12 & 13 are seen.
Fig. 5 of Drawing 5 represents an end view of the cylinder Z, with the
cam 11 placed on it; the cami 10 being a duplicate of the cam 11, renders its
further description unnecessary.
Drawing 1, Fig. 1.-There is in cylinder U an incision made for the purpose
of permitting the cam 14 to revolve; and as this tends to weaken the cylinder,
it may be avoided by increasing the size of the pinion X and spur wheel 16,
but the increase must be proportional. This will have the effect of placing
the cylinders Z & U further apart; and then room will be found sufficient to
let the cam 14 pass without cutting the cylinder at all.
Fig. 3 of Drawing 1 represents two views of the opposite sides of the
tumbler i. The bent pin shewn fixed in each is placed there to prevent the.
tumbler from turning over upon the bar E when the rack M returns. After.
having slid down the inclined surface at 2, the tumbler remains fixed while
the rack M passes down the part z, by bearing against the bar E, a frag-
ment of which is seen near i, but when the rack M returns the tumbler is
free to move in the direction of the dart, and, consequently, permit the rack M
to pass by.
Figs. 1 & 2 of Drawing 1, Figs. 1, 2, 3, & 4, of Drawing 2, Fig. 1 of
Drawing 3, Fig. 1 of Drawing 4, Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, & 5, of Drawing 5, are all
drawn to a scale of six inches to a foot; and all the other Figures are drawn
the real size of the parts they represent.
And I hereby further declare that, in the construction of this machine the
springs, dies, pointing wheel, cams, and all the parts submitted to continual
action, and thereby likely to wear, should be made of the best steel properly
tempered; and such parts (as from their size would be inconvenient to make
of steel, may be made of iron case-hardened. And be it observed, that the
direction of the teeth on the rack R must be formed by first dividing upon the
iron rack R the requisite number of teeth and then drawing lines upon it,
each of which must be a tangent to the are 44, which are touches the central
line of the pinion n, if it was so continued. And I hereby further declare this
machine, or any number, may be worked or set in motion by any of the first
moving powers commonly made use of, such as horses, water, or steam; or the
same may be set in motion by the hand of one person if it be preferred to
work them individually.
And further to identify my claims to this Patent, and to prevent any
infringement upon the same, I do hereby declare that any Patent being granted
for making pins by certain combinations of and improvements in machinery, I

page_text: have, to the furthest extent of my knowledge and abilities, described the parts
which form the principal operative divisions of this machine, and how those
divisions are placed in combination with each other to produce improvements
in the manufacture of pins never before known or made use of.