IMPROVEMENTS IN MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS USING REEDS, PIPES, OR OTHER SIMILAR Sounding Devices OPERATED BY A CURRent of AIR
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Horbert John Haddan, of Kensington, Middlesex for an
Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS USING REEDS,
PIPES, OR OTHER SIMILAR Sounding Devices OPERATED BY A CURRent of
AIR. A communication from abroad by Waltor Frecthy Abbot of Montreal,
Canada
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Herbert John Haddan at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th February 1882.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of Kensington, Middlesex. IMPROVEMENTS IN
MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS USING REEDS, PIPES OR OTHER SIMILAR SOUNDING
DEVICES OPERATED BY A CURRENT OF AIR," a communication from abroad by
Walter Freethy Abbot, of Montreal, Canada.
Part of the improvements relates more particularly to that class of mechanical
musical instruments in which a music strip or band provided with perforations to
represent the various notes of a tune, is used as a valve or means to control the
operation of the reeds, or other sound producing devices, and it more especially per-
tains to instruments of such class, which contain sound-producing devices, such as
reeds in separate chambers of a reed board; bellows and exhausters and mechanisin
for operating the same; a perforated music strip; feed rollers operated by
mechanism for moving the music across and over the open ends of the reed
chambers; a roller for the music strip, and a roller operated by mechanism for taking
up the music strip as it is unwound from the music roller and moved across and
over the reed chambers, as for instance the instrument known to the trado and
public under the name of "orguinette," although as will be apparent from the
description hereinafter given, this part of the Invention, in some of its features is
adapted not only to other mechanical musical instruments of the class stated, but
to all musical instruments using reeds, pipes and other similar sounding devices,
and operated with air from either exhaust or force bellows. This part of the
Invention in substance consists. First in the combination with a mechanical
musical instrument such as the "orguinette" or other mechanical musical instru-
ment of the class herein particularly stated of a swell box which is constructed and
arranged in relation to the open ends of the reed chambers, and the perforations of
[Price 10d.1

page_text: the inusic sheet as they pass over and across the said open ends, to serve as a
conduit for the passage of air through the reeds either towards or from the bellows,
according as either exhaust or force bellows are used, and which otherwise is con-
structed to be adjusted to secure in the use of the instrument either an increase or
decrease, or in other words swell effects, of the sound as may be desired. Also in
the combination with a mechanical musical instrument of the class stated, of a box
or casing which is constructed and arranged in relation to the open ends of the
reed chambers, and the perforations of the music sheet, as they pass over and across
said open ends to serve as a conduit for the passage of air through the reeds either
toward or from the bellows, according as either exhaust or force bellows are used,
and which is provided with a valve constructed and arranged to flutter within said
box, as the air passes through the same and otherwise arranged in relation to said
box to be placed in and out of action for the purpose of producing tremolo effects
in the sounding of the reeds. Also in mechanical musical instruments of the class
stated of a valve for the bellows, constructed and arranged to be opened from the
outside of the instrument and while the bellows are in operation, and otherwise, to
close of itself and to open and close as usual under the action of the bellows.
Lastly of a flexible valve for the bellows of musical instruments, made of a piece
of leather or of other suitable flexible material and secured at and along only one
edge, to the board making one side or wall to the bellows, and as so secured more
than covering and having a seat against said board, at and about the air passage or
passages thereof, to which it is intended to act as a valve in combination with a
fender which is attached to said bellows, at and along one edge, and is constructed
not only to practically cover said valve, but in such covering to allow of the proper
movements of the valve in the operation of the bellows and of the passage of air
through said air passages of the bollows from or to the outside of the fender as the
caso may be.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Herbert John Haddan in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 10th
August 1882.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of Kensington, Middlesex, IMPROVEMENTS IN
MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, USING REEDS, PIPES OR OTHER SIMILAR SOUNDING
DEVICES OPERATED BY A CURRENT OF AIR, a communication from abroad by
Walter Freethy Abbot, of Montreal, Canada.
33
The improvements I am about to describe may be divided into four principal
parts which for the sake of clearness it may be well in a certain degree to separate
or describe successively. In the Drawings hereunto annexed siinilar letters of
reference indicate like parts. The first part of the improvements relates
more particularly to that class of mechanical musical instruments in which a
music strip or band provided with perforations to represent the various notes
of a tune is used as a valve or means to control the operation of the reeds
or other sound-producing devices, and it more especially pertains to instru-
ments of such class which contain sound-producing devices such as reeds in
separate chambers of a reed board; bellows and exhausters and mechanism for
operating the same, a perforated music strip, feed rollers operated by mechanism
for moving the music across and over the open ends of the reed chambers,
a roller for the music strip and a roller operated by mechanism for taking
up the music strip as it is unwound from the music roller and moved across
and over the reed chambers, as for instance the instrument known to the trade and
public under the name of " orguinette although as will be apparent from the
description hereinafter given, this part of the Invention, in some of its features is
adapted not only to other mechanical musical instruments of the class stated but
to all musical instruments using reeds pipes and other similar sounding devices
and operated with air from either exhaust or force bellows-This part of tho
Invention in substance consists-First in the coinbination with a mechanical
musical instrument such as the "orguinette" or other mechanical musical instru-
ment of the class herein particularly stated of a swell box which is constructed
and arranged in relation to the open ends of the reed chambers, and the
perforations of the music sheet as they pass over and across said open ends to
serve as a conduit for the passage of air through the recds either towards or
from the bellows, according as either exhaust or force bellows are used, and which
otherwise is constructed to be adjusted to secure in the use of the instrument
either an increase or decrease or in other words swell effects of the sound, as
may be desired-Second, in the combination with a mechanical musical instru-
ment of the class stated, of a box, or casing which is constructed and arranged
in relation to the open ends of the reed chambers and the perforations of the
inusic sheet as they pass over and across said open ends to serve as a conduit
for the passage of air through the reeds either toward or from the bellows,
according as either exhaust or force bellows are used and which is provided
with a valve constructed and arranged to flutter within said box as the
air passes through the same and otherwise in relation to said box to be
placed in and out of action, all substantially as hereafter described and for
the purpose of producing tremolo effects in the sounding of the reeds. Third.
in mechanical musical instruments of the class stated of a valve for the
bellows constructed and arranged to be opened from the outside of the instrument
and while the bellows are in operation and otherwise, to close of itself and to open
and close as usual under the action of the bellows, all substantially as and for the

page_text: 'SE
purpose hereinafter described-Fourth, of a flexible valve for the bellows of musical
instruments made of a piece of leather or of other suitable flexible material and
secured at and along only one edge to the board making one side or wall to the
bellows and as so secured more than covering and having a seat against said
board at and about the air passage or passages thereof to which it is intended to
act as a valve in combination with a fender which is attached to said bellows at
and along one edge and is constructed not only to practically cover said valve, but
in such covering to allow of the proper movements of the valve in the operation
of the bellows and of the passages of air through said air passages of the bellows
from or to the outside of the fender as the case may be, all substantially as
hereinafter described and for the purposes set forth. This first part of the
Invention is illustrated by Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4 in connection with an
orguinette" so called and in plate 1 Figure 1. is in part a plan and a horizontal
sectional view of a mechanical musical instrument, such as the" orguinotte" having
the present Invention applied thereto and Figure 2 is a vertical longitudinal
section on line 2. 2 Figure 1 but shewing one end of the music roller and its
support in clevation-Figure 3. is a vertical section on line 3-3 Figure 1. along
the length of the swell box and reed board and through its reed chamber to the
chamber of the bellows and across the perforated music strip. Figure 4 is a hori-
zontal section on line 4-4, Figure 2, In the Drawings a is a reed in a series of reeds,
and each reed is located in a separate reed chamber of a common reed board A-
Bis the bellows having exhaust bellows C, arranged in pairs upon each sido
thereof, and severally as heretofore to be operated by mechanism connected to a
common crank arm D of one E of the feed rollers E. F-G is the perforated
music strip, H, is the music roller and I is the take up roller for the music strip,
each suspended in bearings bs of brackets J of the case or cabinet K and located at
opposite ends of said cabinet K, and all as well known and common in the
-"orguinette- so-called except in the respects to be hereinafter explained. L, is a
frame or boxing which covers the upper board M, of the instrument, along.and over
which the music strip passes from the music roller H to the take up roller I. This
frame L is attached to the cabinet K in any suitable manner to put in position
and be removed at pleasure, and it carries one F of the feed rollers E. F―The
attachments of this frame L as shewn, consists in one part of four pins c, each of
which projects horizontally, but all in the same plane from the inner surface of the
side uprights N of the cabinet, each upright N having two pins and those of the
one directly opposite those of the other. The other part of the attachment of the
frame L, consists of four spring arms d. d. which are attached to the ends of
the frame L two to each end, each arm having a hole f near its free end-Theso
several arins & are situated and arranged in the frame to fit by their holes fover
the projecting pins c of the cabinet and for the frame to be released and removed
from the pins and for the frame to be swung upon either two of the pins situated
directly opposite to each other first having released the frame from the other two
pins. The boxing of frame L has a rectangular shaped slot g, running from end
to end, and in a direction at right angles to the travel of the music strip over the
board M and over the open ends of the reed chamber b, in the reed board A-This
slot g is directly over the open ends of the reed chambers, and the reed board at
the open ends of its reed chambers project as usual slightly above the rest board M
and in such projection it is rounding or convex in the direction of the travel of
the perforated music strip G over it-N, is a rectangular swell box fitting the
rectangular slot g loosely of the frame L and resting at along and around its lower
edges h, where it is open, upon the perforated music strip at and along each sido
of the open ends of the reed chambers and at each end of the reed board-These
lower edges may have a strip of rubber or of other material suitable to secure
a close joint between said edges and the perforated music strip in their rest
thereon. The swell box N outside and above the frame L has flanges h² by which
to rest upon the top of the frame about the slot g when the frame L is raised, and
it also has a series of apertures h³, in its upper wall or side and similar aperture k

page_text: midway between two of the apertures h³.-The aperture ³, is the swell aperture-
At and opposite the intermediate aperture of the swell box N, is located a light
valve, attached to the outer and free end of a light spring arm running
lengthwise of the swell box, and secured at its other end thereto-0 is a
light spring arm which projects from the valve along the length of the
swell box in continuation of the spring arm and carries a small lead or
other weight arranged to be adjusted to and fro thereon to regulato
the vibrations of the valve-This valve which is to be called hereafter tho
tremulant or tremolo by its arrangement, and the construction of its parts of
suspension and attachments described is free to flutter within the swell box when
the aperture of the swell box at which it is arranged, is open for the passage
of air through it to or from the reeds, according as exhaust or force bellows are
used as and for a purpose which will hereinafter fully appear-P is a board
or strip arranged to slide across the swell and tremulant apertures h³, and along
the length of the swell box and through transverse guide blocks Q at each end of
said box. This slide strip has a series of apertures 7 similar to the swell
apertures, and at similar distances apart, These two sets of apertures h³, q, are
relatively arranged to receive by a slide of the slide board P in one direction an
opening of the swell apertures ³, and in the other direction a closing of the samo
and to secure, when the swell apertures h³, are opened, a close of the aperture k at
which the fluttering valve L, or tremulant is located, and when the swell apertures
are closed, an opening of said aperture To insure this relative opening and
closing of the swell apertures and of the aperture k, at the tremulant valve l, above
described, the slide board has shoulders 7, at each end, making abutments, or stops
to the movement of the slide board P in the opposite direction stated and so as to
secure the relative opening and closing of the swell apertures ³, and tremulant
valve aperture as described. The slido board P has a knobs for convenience in
manipulating it as described and the swell box N³, has a pint across its width, and
projecting at each side thereof for holding the swell box against accidental escapo
from the frame L, when such frame is being handled either to attach or to remove
it or otherwise-With the construction and arrangement of the swell box above
described it is plain that the air can pass to the reeds only through such box, entering
at the swell apertures ³, when they are open, and at the aperture , at which the
tremulant valve, is located, when that is open, that the opening of the swell
apertures increases and their closing decreases the sound of the reeds by corre-
spondingly varying the volume of air passing to the reeds through the swell box:
and thus swell effects are secured, and that when the aperture & is opened, the
flutter of the valve or tremulant located thereat produces a variation in the volume
of air passing to the reeds thus securing tremolo or tremulant sounds therefrom;
u, is the safety valve of the bellows B, This valve is arranged to open against a
bent spring and to close with such spring as usual-w is a flexible strip, at one
end fastened at the lower or free end of the safety valve u, and at the other end
attached to a hook z, at the outer end of a crank arm y at one end of a horizontal
rods, which is arranged to turn in stationary bearing blocks a², of the
cabinet k, and at its other end has another and similar crank arm b³, hung at its
outer end to the inner end of a pusher rod d³ which projects and is arranged to
move through guide opening f2, in the cabinet -A safety valve u, to the bellows B,
arranged as described, it is plain, can be opened to admit air to the bellows from
the outside of the instrument and independently of the ordinary play of the valve
from the movement of the bellows produced by the operating mechanism for the
exhaust bellows C-By this admission of air, a pressure upon the bellows B is
relieved and if so admitted when the blank portion of the perforated music strip is
passing over the reed chambers as for instance at the end of a time, or between
any two times of the music strip, it obviously will prevent any undue strain and
pressure upon the bellows and other parts connected therewith from the then
continued operation of them under the continued operation of the feed roller to
which they are connected to feed the music strip along, and furthermore, any.

page_text: unpleasant and disagreeable snarl of sounds from the reeds when the music sheet
has passed completely through, And again such means can be employed to
advantage to produce swell effects for the reason that the valve when open as
described, causes a division of the air from the reeds-Tho bearings 6, are
composed in one part of a seat g² which is in the edge of the bracket and is of
suitable shape to fit the journal of the roller and to partially surround it, and in
the other part of a spring arm m², which is secured by screws n² or other suitable
fastenings to said h of the bracket and is located in a position to bear upon
the journal, on its side opposite to that which is in the bracket seat g
and otherwise it is arranged to yield to the pressure of the journal against
it, and as it so yields, it moves by its opening o' over the shank of the headed
screw pin p² suitably attached therefor to the bracket edge h. These spring
bearing arms m² for the music and take up rollers prevent rattling of the
roller journals in the bearings, allow the rollers to be easily and readily
removed from or placed in position and by the adjustment of the headed screw
pins the roller journals can be made secure against movement to such an
extent as to endanger the proper retention of the rollers in their bearings when
the instrument is in operation-S is a grooved pulley having a hollow screw
threaded hut T by which to screw it to the screw threaded end of the journal q³
to feed roller ET, is a crank arm to the pulley S, and it is made of one piece of
metal (or other suitable material) with said wheel. The pully S is connected as
usual through an endless belt U to a pulley V of the take up roller I, and its crank
arm T has a knob or handler for convenience in operating it-S2 is a valve of
each exhaust bellows c all of which in their operation open outwardly-Each.
valve 8³ is made of a strip of leather or other suitable flexible matorial and it is
secured by tacks or other suitable fastening devices at and along one edge t²,
together with one edge u² of a fender v² made of wood or of other suitable material,
to the outer face of the side or board u of the exhaust bellows c The valve & is
of suitable size to more than-cover-and-to-have a seat at and about the air passage
or passages in the bellows board u, and leading into the bellows The fender
is outside of the valve, and it is of a size to substantially cover the valve in its
length and width. The inner face of the fender is bevelled as shewn to allow the
valve Z to lift the required amount (see Figure 4). The fender is also open at
and along all of its edges except at that edge attached to the bellows as aforesaid
which with the space aforesaid affords ample opportunity for the circulation of air
desired A flexible valve & secured at one edge and covered by a fender v³ as
described obviously is free to move as required, it is always in position to instantly
act on the slightest change in direction or degree of pressure of air its expansion
and contraction from atmospheric, and other changes are free to occur without
detriment to its efficiency, it is not liable to wrinkle or buckle, it is always in
position by the pneumatic pressure to secure a perfect and close seat against the
bellows, it is quiet in its operation, it can be made of quite thin and very
pliable and flexible material. Having as above described the first part of the
Invention I come now to the second part of the improvements in mechanical
musical instruments, which provides in the first place an improved arrangement of
the scale of reeds whereby the base or lower part of the scale is opposite to the
treble or upper part, this arrangement further allows of a separate swell for each
(that is to say) the base and the treble, and it also allows of the use of a tremulant
operating on the treble or upper part of the scale only. It further provides a
new form of chamber under the reeds whereby tho valves are held to their seats
by a smaller amount of force-This part of the Invention is illustrated by
Figures 5. 6. 8. 9. 10 and 11-Figure 5 is a longitudinal sectional elevation of a
mechanical musical instrument embodying this part of the Invention Figure 6 is
a cross section of the lower part of Figure 5 on line x-x; Figure 8 is a plan of
the arrangement of the valves to reeds; Figure 9 a portion of the perforated
music strip, Figures 10 and 11 shew the difference between the old and the new
style of arranging the notes on the music strip-Lettor A³ is the reservoir or wind-

page_text: cliest of ordinary construction-BS are the bellows and CS are the feeders or
exhausters according to the class of instrument. Tho instrument shewn in the
Drawings is on the exhaust principle-D³ are the treble and E the base clefs
FS and Gs are the respective air passages from the reeds to the wind chest As It
will be observed that the passages F and GB are of the ordinary length allowing
freedom to the reed but are contracted before coming through the board to about
half the size, consequently the valves H, will only require about half the amount of
force of the spring I to hold them or their seats against the pressure of the
incoming air-These valves are each of them operated by a push pin K³ guided in
the usual manner. L³ is a bed for the perforated music strip M8 to pass over and
rest upon, above the said music strip is situated a removable grooved bar No
which is held in place at its extremities in any desired manner. In the grooves
of the bar Ns are pivoted fingers 08 0º, one of which is provided for each of the
push-pins Ks one of said push pins is provided to each valve and reed-The
fingers operate the push pins whenever an opening in the music strip M® comes
under any one of the fingers O³ 0°. The arrangement of the fingers is as follows:-
By a pivot pin P³ each finger is held in the bar Ns. This pin forms the
fulcrum of the finger. Towards one end is attached a link R³ connecting the
finger with a spring S by which the foot of the finger is pressed downwards-
It will be observed that the said foot is provided with an incline Ts, this inclino
acting upon the edge of the perforations in the music strip M³ as the said music
strip travels along in the ordinary manner in the direction indicated by the arrow,
causes the finger to move from the position shewn at 0s to that shewn by the
finger marked O-As it will be seen that the edge of the perforated music strip
forming the back end of each perforation is obliged to stand the wear and tear of
the operation of forcing up the finger by acting upon the incline Ts it will at once
be understood that it is a great advantage to have the springs used on said
fingers Us, O as light as possible, to reduce the said wear and tear on the music
strip as much as possible. As these said fingers inust have sufficient downward
force to overcome the springs Is the lighter the springs Is can be made, the
less force will be required from the fingers 0s 0 and consequent less wear
and tear on the back edges of the perforations of the music strip M, This
lightness of the force of the springs Is is enabled to be obtained as has been
before stated by reducing the size of the openings FS and G. Referring to
Figures 5 and 8 it will be seen that the reeds are in two rooms running in a
continuous scale in each, those marked DS are the treble and the base the
reeds in the one clef being set intermediately with those of the other clef―This
enables the push pins to be brought into a line of equally distant pins of about
half the length that they would occupy were all the reeds situated side by side in
one line, therefore besides the advantages already mentioned it gives that also of a
much narrower music strip for the same number and size of reeds in connection
with said other advantages. In the instruments heretofore constructed the scale
has been formed continuously from the base at one end up to the treble of the
other, as by placing the reeds alternately as shewn by the figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
7 in Figure 8 and so on up to the end of the scale of whatever number of reeds
are employed so that about half of the base and half of the treble are situated on
each side, that is to say in the rows DS and E³. Now in these old instruments if a
tremulant is used on either side, it must be applied to the base notes as well as the
treble which gives a very undesirable effect in many cases. This objection is
altogether obviated by the new arrangement of the reeds, and it also allows the
swells to be applied separately by either the base or the treble-In Figure 5 Aº is
the swell for the base and B the swell for the treble is the tremulant applied
if so desired only to the treble-In Figure 7 D represents one side of the bellows
or feeder as, the case may be having an elongated opening E over which is secured
a valve F constructed as follows-I take a thin piece of wood or other suitable
material Go, a little larger than the size of the opening and to it attach by glue &c.
a sheet of leather or other Hexible material Hº extending beyond the four sides of

page_text: G³ a considerable amount, one side being sufficiently extended to serve as an
attachment to Dº for the purpose of acting as a hinge for the valve, leaving the
opposite side and the ends as shewn in Figure 7 free lift. K is a pad secured
on Go for the purpose of preventing the valve from rattling while in operation.
The lift of the valve is governed by a knee L' having one end screwed into D".
By making the flexible material larger than the board the thus extended edges are
enabled to lie flat or close on D, although GP may be more or less warped and by
the knee Lº being turned on one side, the valve may be turned up and cleaned
from any dust that may have become embedded in or stuck to the flexible
material H° Instead of governing the "lift" of the valve by the knee L³ a small
strap may be attached with buttons &c. to govern the "lift" this is considered to
be an equivalent. In the valves heretofore in use where a simple piece of leather
is stretched over a number of perforators, if the leather is either too tight or too
loose, an objection accrues, and as the leather is always affected by the dampness
or dryness of the atmosphere no matter how skilfully the valve is constructed in
the first place it will in a short time get out of order and will not with full
satisfaction perform its functions-With regard to the paper M³ and the arrange-
ment of the perforations in it, the different rows of perforations alternate, one a
base and the other a treble (see Figure 9) thus the rows of perforations A³ and C³
may bo treble under which circumstances B and D will be base and so in
corresponding relation whatever the number of reeds may be employed. That my
new method of arranging the music sheet may be fully understood, Figures 10
and 11 are given where the saine portion of the same time is shewn arranged in the
old and the new ways of location-The music strips are arranged for an instrument
having twenty one notes in the scale-eleven of which are base and ten treble
-Now in these Figures it will be observed that through eleven rows of the notes
dotted centre lines are drawn and these dotted centre lines indicate the base rows,
-while ten rows have fine solid centre lines drawn through then, which solid centre
lines indicate the treble rows-
s-The figures 1 to 21 at the top-of-the-rows-indicate
the corresponding notes in music in each of the Figures 10 and 11. From the
above it will be seen that in the old way (see Figure 10) all the consecutive rows
are base up to and including the eleventh row and that the remainder are treble,
In the new arrangement the alternate rows are base and treble as indicated by the
alternate dotted and solid centre lines and by the figures at the top also. Now if
we compare the new Figures 10 and 11, we at once see, that although the notes are
the same in both cases, there is nevertheless a very great change in the relative
location of the notes on the sheet or music strip, so that the one could not be used
as an instrument adapted for the other-The centre lines shown should not be used
in ordinary or inerchantable sheets or music strips-The third part of the Invention
relates to further improvements on mechanical musical instruments which may be
arranged to be also a further modification of the improvements described in the
second part of the Invention-This part (i.e. the said third part of the Invention)
is illustrated by Figures 12 13. 14 and 15 and Figure 12 is a longitudinal
vertical sectional elevation embodying this part of the Invention. Figuro 13 is
an end elevation of Figure 12-Figure 14 is a plan of the key board and
valves shown in Figures 12 and 13 the upper part or mechanism for operating
said valves being removed from above them-Figure 15. is a plan of the
board for guiding the fingers with said fingers and operating springs-Here
A is the reed board and B' the reed chamber two of which only are
shown with reeds C in them-D are the valves which are attached as
shewn by flexible material E forming hinges in the ordinary way-On the
back of each valve is secured a lever F+ provided at its inner extremity with a slot
to engage with a guide pin C in the ordinary way-On each lever F is secured a
cushion HI are the passages from the reed chamber to the ordinary bellows &c.
common in this class of instrument K. is a support secured in proper position to
carry the rest L. for the music sheet, it also serves as a guide for the push pin M
one of which is provided to each of the levers F.-K. serves also for hinging

page_text: ordinary swell boards N. one of which will be provided on each side, although
only shewn on one side in Figure 12-The rest L' is constructed out of a sheet of
metal bent to the required configuration or as shewn by constructing it of sheet
metal it can be made very thin and in one piece and being polished the perforated
music sheet slides very freely over it, it is also impervious to the changes of a
damp and dry atmosphere, which is very important. Furthermore it is advan-
tageous to have as little space as possible between the bottom end of the finger R+.
when the said finger is raised and resting on the upper side of the music strip and
the top of the push pin therefore the rest L' being made of metal may be thinner
than if made of any other substance. It is provided with openings O' one of which
is provided to each of the push pins M. through each of these openings and
through corresponding openings formed in the guide bar P. fingers R³. pass down
and depress the push pins, thereby operating the valves D. below them-Each
finger is attached to a spring St. which causes it to descend. It will be observed
that there is a small amount of space between the guide bar P. and rest L*. this is
mado just sufficient for the perforated music strip T. to slide freely through―Tho
music strip travels in the direction of the arrow shewn, in doing which as the
perforations A come under the fingers they pass down through the perforations
and causo the push pins to open the valves D-The back edge of the perforations
coming in contact with the inclines B³ on the edge of the fingers cause thein to
rise whereupon the preponderence of gravity of the valves D. causes the valves to
descend to their seats overcoming the gravity of the push pins and over hanging
ends of the levers F as the valves become nearly closed they are further assisted
by the pneumatic action of the air being drawn into the reed chamber. It will be
clearly understood that an instrument may be provided with any desired number
of reeds and that to each reed there will be a chamber B, a valve D, a lever F.
a push pin M. a finger R. and a spring S-We now come to the fourth part of the
Invention relating to improvements in the manner of securing the reed board in place,
in that class of mechanical musical instruments which are provided with a reed
board situated above the perforated music strip and arranged to be pressed down
upon the said music strip which said strip rests upon the surface forined around and
about the opening to the wind chest or bellows-In the constructions heretofore
in use the said reed boards were maintained in place by projections working in
grooves, the said grooves being formed in the casing and the projections being
formed on the reed board and spring, and similar devices were added to give the
desired downward pressure; by this improvement the springs I am about to
describe are rendered capable of performning both functions thus providing a
cheaper more simple and equally effective means of accomplishing the desired
result This part of the Invention is illustrated by Figures 15. 16. 17 and 18-
Figure 15 is a plan of a reed board casing and spring embodying this said part of the
Invention Figure 16. is a side clevation of Figure 15" with side of casing removed.
Figure 17. is a modification of Figure 15" Figure 18 is a side view of Figure 17. with
the side of the casing removed-Letters A. are the sides of the casing of ordinary con-
struction as shewn in Figures 15 and 16 on each of these is secured the springs B.
and C. having one ond of the said springs secured as shewn to the side and the
other end loose and provided with knees D. entering into slots E. formed in the
ends of the reed board E7, over these slots are secured by pivot pins Fo the
buttons Go, which being arranged as above described are enabled to be turned about
and to allow for the removal of the knees De from the slots E leaving the reed
board free to be removed. It will be at once understood that the springs B, C.
not only serve to press the reed board down, but to retain it in place horizontally
also B7 is a rest. C7 is the passage to the wind chest or bellows and D' is the per-
forated music strip In the modification shewn in Figures 17 and 18. the springs HG
instead of being of wire as shewn in Figures 15 and 16 are formed out of thin sheet
metal one end of each spring being secured at 16, to any convenient part of the
casing or any convenient attachment thereof and the other ends K are attached
by screws &c. directly to the reed board. Thus the springs Hº. not only serve to

page_text: press down the reed board but also to retain it in place horizontally-Although
not shewn in the Drawings under the ends K' and between them and the reed
board small pads are preferably placed to prevent jarring and to make the con-
nection freer for adjustment. The first fifteen claims that I am about to make
have reference to the first part of the Invention as aforesaid Claims 16 to 23
have reference to the second part claims twenty three to twenty-eight have
reference to the third part. Claims twenty eight and twenty-nine have reference
to the fourth part. What I claim as new and wish to secure by Letters Patent is
as follows-1st: In a mechanical musical instrument, bearings or supports for a
music roller composed of a recess and of a spring arm arranged together to support
the journal of the roller in its opposite sides and the outward movement of the
said arm governed by a screw substantially as and for the purpose described-
Second: The mechanical musical instrument the compination with a music roller of
the end journals thereto and of stationary end and brackets, each having a recess
on its edge and a spring arm having a slot through which passes a headed screw
pin into the bracket's edge, all substantially as and for the purpose specified-
Third A valve for the bellows &c. of a wind musical instrument, composed of a
flexible strip in combination with a fender which covers said strip and is bevelled
on its under side leaving an open space between them, substantially as described for
the purpose specified-Fourth: In a mechanical musical instrument a swell
chamber or box arranged in relation to the perforated music strip and the open
ends of the reed chambers to be opened and closed, all substantially as and for the
purpose described-Fifth: A swell chamber on box provided with apertures opening
into it in combination with a swell board which has similar apertures and is arranged
to be adjusted to open and close the apertures to the swell chamber, all substantially
as described for the purpose specified-Sixth: In a mechanical musical instrument
a trimulant valve arranged within a box or chamber and to flutter with the passage
of the air-through-the-reeds-&c.,.of.the instrument, all substantially as described for
the purpose specified-Seventh: In a mechanical musical instrument operated by a
perforated musical strip a tremulant valve, arranged within a box or chamber to
flutter with the passage of the air through the reeds &c. of the instrument and to
be placed into and out of such operation, all substantially as described for the
purposes specified-Eighth: In a mechanical musical instrument a box or chamber
having arranged within it, a tremulant valve to flutter with the passage of the air
and constructed with an aperture leading to said valve, arranged to be closed
and opened, substantially as described for the purpose specified-Ninth: In a
mechanical musical instrument a box or chamber, having arranged within it a
tremulant valve a flutter with the passage of the air and constructed and arranged
to act also as a swell box and to be opened and closed for tremulant and swell
effects, all substantially as described-Tenth: In a mechanical musical instrument
a frame constructed and arranged to be attached and removed from the instrument
and to carry a box or chamber for either swell or trimulant effects or both, all
substantially as and for the purpose, decribed-Eleventh: In a mechanical musical
instrument a box or chamber constructed and arranged for either swell or
tremulant effects or both and to be attached and detached, all substantially as
and for the purpose described-Twelfth: In a mechanical musical instrument a
frame secured in position at each corner, substantially as described and to be
capable of the movement specified-Thirteenth: In a mechanical musical instru-
ment a frame having at each corner a spring arm, in combination with a pin, of the
instrument, all substantially as described for the purposes and movements
specified Fourteenth In a mechanical musical instrument, the combination with a
bellows &c. of a valve, arranged to act as a relief thereto in the operation of the
bellows and to be capable of manipulation, substantially as described for the
purpose specified-Fifteenth: In a mechanical musical instrument, the combination
with a bellows &c. of a valve arranged to act as a relief thereto of mechanism
composed of a pusher pin, crank arm having a flexible connection, with valve,
all substantially as described for the purposes specified-Sixteenth: In combination
=

page_text: with a perforated musical strip, the reeds of a treble clef D³ set opposite to and
intermediate with the reeds of a base clef Es substantially as and for the purpose
set forth-
Seventeenth: In combination with a perforated sheet a music strip, the reeds
of a treble clef DS sot opposite to and intermediately with the reeds of a base
clef Es provided with swell boards A and B. substantially as and for the purpose
set forth-Eighteenth: As a new construction in a mechanical musical instrument
an air chamber provided with a reduced air passage situated between the reed and
the valve to the reed substantially as and for the purpose set forth-
Nineteenth In a mechanical musical instrument the combination of the pivoted
finger Os provided with incline Ts link RS spring SS and perforated music strip Mª
substantially as and for the purpose set forth-Twentieth: The combination with
a mechanical musical instrument a perforated music strip in which the perforations
are set in alternate rows of base and treble, substantially as shewn and described-
Twenty first: A perforated music strip provided with longitudinally parallel or
nearly parallel rows of perforations or notes, said rows or perforations or notes
being alternately a base and a treble row as described-Twenty second: In combi-
nation with a perforated music strip the reeds of a treble clef D³, set opposite to
and intermediate with the reeds of a base clef E. provided with swell board Bº
having tremulent C, substantially as and for the purpose set forth-Twenty third:
The combination of a bevelled reed board A. valves D' and perforated music
strip T. with operating mechanism substantially as described-Twenty fourth:
The combination in a mechanical musical instrument of the fingers R'. constructed
and arranged as described with the rest L* constructed and arranged as described
and with a perforated music strip T and push pins operating valves to reeds,
the whole substantially as shewn and described-Twenty fifth: The combination
of the rest L. constructed as described with a perforated music strip T. operating
fingers as substantially described-Twenty sixth: The combination of the guide P.
fingers R. spring S, and perforated music sheet T", substantially as described―
Twenty seventh: As an improved article a metalic rest, for a perforated music
sheet to pass over constructed and arranged substantially as described-Twenty
eighth: The combination of the reed board having recesses or slots with springs
having knees and with the casing, substantially as described-Twenty-ninth: The
combination of the springs Fle with reed board and casing or attachment of casing
substantially as described-
In witness whereof I the said Herbert John Haddan have hereunto set my
hand and seal this Eighth day of August AD 1882