Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd Mar., 1898
Complete Specification Left, 19th Dec., 1898-Accepted, 18th Feb., 1899
I, STANISLAUS SZENIAK, Gentleman, of 27, Rue Panska, Varsovia, Russia, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention has for its object a small apparatus intended to be handed by
children and forming for them an interesting toy of a double practical utility.
This useful toy is in substance a special cylindrical case which can serve as a pencil-
case, as a kaleidoscope-case, and generally as a case for divers objects used by
children and which may at the same time amuse them by the rotation of one of
its parts shaped like a sleeve and cut out with openings, and to instruct them by
teaching them rapidly the table of multiplication the study of which is thus
rendered agreeable to them.
My toy-case comprises essentially a cylindrical case on the outward surface
of which is drawn the table of Pythagoras, and a cylindrical sleeve or index softly
driven on the body of the case and having its surface divided in one hundred equal
squares by means of circles and generants: the squares placed according to the
helicoidal line which would represent one of the diagonals of the square formed
by the developing of the outward surface of the sleeve, are cut out so as to form
a successive row of openings through which the numbers of the table of l'ythagoras
can be seen engraved or drawn on the surface of the body of the case.
Besides the case body (corps d'etui) is provided near to its upper end with a
projection' around which are drawn the numbers 1 to 10 placed opposite to the
vertical rows of the numbers of the table of Pythagoras. Each number drawn
on the projection is the same as the one placed at the top of the corresponding
vertical column of the said table of Pythagoras.
At the upper end of the sleeve or index and on its circumference are also drawn
the same numbers 1 to 10 exact! above each of the vertical rows of squares made
on the sleeve. The number 1 corresponds to the first opening of the sleeve com-
mencing from the top; the number 2 corresponds to the second opening if one
continues, and so on.
The sleeve or index being driven on the case body, the numbers 1 to 10 drawn
upon the upper end of the sleeve are found exactly below the numbers.drawn on
the projection of the case body.
A washer of same diameter as the outward diameter of the sleeve is secured by
means of a screw to the bottom of the case, allowing nevertheless these two parts
to turn around each other.
Finally the case receives at its upper end a cap or cover which serves to close it.
It can be easily understood that by making the sleeve or index turn around the
body of the case, this sleeve will act as an index, and when any one of the numbers
of the sleeve is in accordance with a number drawn on the projection of the case
body the product of these two numbers will be obtained by reading the number
seen in the opening of the sleeve placed on the same vertical row.
It will thus be very easy to explain to children that to know, for example, how
much 9 times 5 make, they will simply have to turn the sleeve or index until
the number 9 of this sleeve comes opposite to the number 5 of the projection of the

page_text: case body and to see the number 45 in the opening placed on the same row as
these two numbers.
Children will certainly enjoy this exercise and they will do it by themselves
every time they have the toy-case in their hands; the study of the table of
multiplication being thus rendered agreeable to them, they will quickly learn this
table.
Dated this 92nd day of March 1898
WHEATLEY & MACKENZIE,
40, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Agents.
I, STANISLAUS SZENHAK, Gentleman, of 27, Rue Panska, Varsovia, Russia, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention. and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:—
My invention has for its object a toy for teaching arithmetic which can serve
as a pencil case, as a kaleidoscope case, etc. and which enables the children to learn
the multiplication in an interesting way.
This apparatus comprises essentially the cylindrical case upon which is drawn
the table of Pythagoras and a rotating sleeve or index driven over the cylindrical
case and perforated with a series of small openings or windows arranged thereon
according to a helical-line, each of said openings or windows allowing only one
number to be seen through, for every position of the sleeve, so that the child
during the operation has before his sight only the numbers that interest him,
the multiplicand, the multiplicator and the product, and consequently can not
hesitate in indicating the result.
of
In the accompanying drawings I have represented two specimens of construction
my invention.
Figs. 1 to 4 are relative to the first specimen and Figs. 5 to 7 to the second one.
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section of the first apparatus.
Fig. 2 is a horizontal section on the line 1-2 of Fig. 2.
Fig. 3 is an outward view in elevation.
Fig. shows the different parts of the case separated one from the other.
Fig. is a longitudinal section of the second model of case.
Fig. 6 is a horizontal section on the line 3-4 of Fig. 5.
Fig. 7 shows in an outward view and separately the case and its cover.
With reference to Figs. 1 to 4, my toy-case comprises essentially the cylindrical
body-case a upon the exterior surface of which is drawn the table of Pythagoras and
the cylindrical sleeve or index b softly driven over the body-case a, said sleeve
having its surface divided in a hundred equal squares by means of circles and
generating-lines; the squares arranged according to the helical line which would
represent one of the diagonals of the square formed by the unfolding of the ex-
terior sleeve surface, are cut out so as to form a successive row of windows c
through which the numbers of the Pythagoras table can be perceived engraved or
drawn on the body-case a.
Besides, the body-case is provided near to its upper end with a projection a¹
upon the periphery of which are drawn the numbers 1 to 10 arranged opposite the
vertical rows of the numbers of the Pythagoras table.
At the upper end of the sleeve 6 and upon its periphery are also drawn the same

page_text: numbers 1 to 10 exactly above each of the vertical rows of squares made on the
surface of the sleeve. The number 1 corresponds to the first window c beginning
from the top; the number 2 corresponds to the second window continuing down-
ward; and so on.
The sleeve b being driven over the body-case a, the numbers 1 to 10 drawn upon
the upper end of the sleeve are found to be exactly below the numbers drawn upon
the projection at of the body-case a.
A washer d of same diameter as the exterior diameter of the sleeve b, is secured
by means of a screw to the bottom of the body-case and prevents thus the
sleeve from coming out of the body-case a, although said two parts are allowed
to turn one upon the other.
Finally, the body-case a is projected upward up to a certain extent above the
projection a¹ and receives a cover or cap y fitted thereon and adapted to cover it.
It can be easily understood that by making the sleeve b turn upon the body-
case a, said sleeve will act as an index, and when any of the numbers of the sleeve
is in accordance with a number drawn upon the projection a¹ of the body-case, the
product of these two numbers will be obtained by simply reading the number seen
through the window c situated on the same vertical row.
For instance, in the position shown in Fig. 3 of the drawing, the number 1 of
the sleeve being opposite the number 7 of the projection a¹, one perceives the
number in the corresponding window. At the same time, the number 2 of
the sleeve being in accordance with the number 8 of the projection a', one perceives
in the corresponding window the number 16 which is indeed the product of these
two numbers, and so on.
It will thus be very simple to explain to the children that to know for example,
how much 9 times 5 make,, they will simply have to turn the sleeve b until the
number 9 of said sleeve comes opposite the number 5 of the projection a¹ and to read
then the number 45 which is found in the window situated in the same row as
said two numbers.
Children will certainly enjoy this exercise and they will do it themselves every
time that they have the toy-case in hand; the learning of the multiplying table
being thus rendered agreeable to them, they will learn said table in a short time.
The specimen of construction of my apparatus shown in Figs. 5 to 7 does not
present a great difference with the precedent one.
The windows of the sleeve are round instead of being square; likewise the num-
bers are written perpendicularly to the generating-lines instead of being written
according to the direction of said generating-lines. Moreover, the projection a¹
of the body case a is reduced to a simple band which prevents longitudinal removing
of the sleeve, and the numbers drawn upon said projection are then drawn directly
upon the lower end of the cover g. It can be understood that it is thus necessary
that the cover be always directed the same way relatively to the body-case a when
it is put in place. With this object the upper part of the case has a notch and
the cover a longitudinal rib y which ensure by their fitting the required direction.
The reckoning is done like with the first apparatus; but in this case, to reckon
it is necessary that the cover be in its proper place.
I reserve myself the right to construct my toy-case with any suitable
material or composition such as wood of all kinds, metal, celluloid, ivory, card-
board, etc.; the numbers may be as desired, painted or engraved.
My calculating toy-case may serve as a pencil-case, or box for penholders, but
it may also be adapted to serve for example as a casing for a kaleidoscope. At all
events it can be usefully adopted in schools.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said in-
vention and in what manner the same is to be performed. I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. A calculating toy-case for children with a cylindrical body-case having
drawn upon its surface the table of Pythagoras and a rotative sleeve driven over said

page_text: body-case and perforated with a series of small windows arranged according to a
helical line, each of said windows allowing only one number to be seen for each
position, so that the child has before his sight, during the operation, only the num-
bers that interest him, the multiplicand, the multiplicator and the product, and
may be able to read, without any hesitation, the result.
2. A calculating toy-case according to Claim 1 with a body-case a upon the
surface of which is drawn the table of Pythagoras and having at the upper end a
projection a' presenting a circular row of numbers, a cover g which closes the case
presenting at its upper end next to the projection a', a circular row of numbers
and perforated with a series of windows c arranged upon its surface according to
a helical line, and finally a washer d adjusted upon the bottom of the case and
intended to keep the sleeve from being removed, substantially as hereinbefore
described and illustrated by Figs. 1 to 4 of the drawing.
3. A calculating toy-case according to Claim 1 with a body-case a upon the
surface of which is drawn the table of Pythagoras and having at its upper end a
longitudinal notch a, a cover g presenting outwardly a circular row of numbers
and having on its inside a longitudinal rib y which fits into the notch a of the
body-case, and finally a rotating sleeve b presenting at its upper end a circular row
of numbers and having a series of windows e arranged according to a helical line,
substantially as herein before described and illustrated by Figs. 5 to 7 of the
drawing.
Dated this 19th day of December 1898.
WHEATLEY & MACKENZIE,
40, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Agei..s.