and Waterproof Material and Method and Apparatus for Producing the same.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 30th Sept., 1898
Complete Specification Left, 20th Oct., 1898-Accepted, 30th Dec.,
1899
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Fire and Waterproof Material and Method and Apparatus for
Producing the same.
ELIZA KATHARINA MAUSSNER, being a subject of Germany, residing in the Town
and County of Philadelphia, St. of Penna, U.S.A. (formerly of Nürnberg, Ger-
many, Bavarian, at present, Briderburg, Philadelphia, corner Jenks- & Garden
Sts.), do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Horse-hair or analogous material used therefore, interwoven or fastened and
coated with any desired composition, to make it durable and fire- and waterproof;
for use of different kind of manufacture.
The composition may be a mass or paste or mixing of cement or rubber or cork
or cotton or woolen or metal or paper pulp or fibrous material, intermixed therein,
one or two or more of the above or similar material intermixed with water or
waterglass or oil or similar things to cover or coat the hair or analogous material.
The apparatus for treating the hair or analogous material consists in pipes,
wires or sheets for curling the loose material and in rolls or boards or beams and
needles and hooks and grooves or furrows to fastening the material, forming
meshes standing single upwardly or connected together. The purposes to which
the finished material is to be applied, are very different; as for builders and con-
structors use also in the bycicle- and sporting-goods-line, also for rubber and
hospital-goods, also in the bedding- and furniture-line, also for life-saving-
goods.
ELIZA KATHARINA MAUSSNER,
Bridesburg Philadelphia, State of Penna., U.S.A.
Fire and Waterproof Material and Method and Apparatus for
Producing the same.
I, ELIZA KATHARINA MAUSSNER, a subject of the Emperor of Germany, residing
in the City and County of Philadelphia, State of Pennsylvania, U.S.A. (full
address is: Briderburg Philadelphia, corner Jenks- and Garden Sts.), do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following state-
ment:
My invention relates to a novel fire- or waterproof material and process and
apparatus for the manufacture of the same; said material being usefull for.
builders- and constructors use, also for pads, rims, and other parts and outfits for

page_text: bycicles, also for different branches of manufacture, as in the construction of
buildings, ships and railrod-cars etc., also for manufacture elastic sporting-goods
also as substitute for pneumatic rubber-goods or rubber goods of every description,
also suitable in the bedding and furniture line for matresses and seats or other
upholstery and furnitures; the object being to produce a fire- or waterproof article
from a fibrous material, such for instance, as horse-hair or its equivalent, by sub-
jecting the same to a treatment, wherein the perhaps inherent inflammable quality
of the material used is completely neutralized, if necessary; and whereby its pro-
duction is extremely simple.
My invention contemplates the production of such fire and waterproof material
in every desired shapes, upon the face of which ornamental designs may be impres-
sed. In which connection, however, suitable frames of metal or other refractory
material are preferably used, into which said material is placed and afterwards
submitted to pressure in order to compress it and impress the design thereon and
give the desired stability thereto by pressure only or by mixing in any desired
fire or waterproof composition:
In producing my fire- and waterproof material, I first take a suitable quantity
of hair, tow, flax, or other fibrous material, and subject the same to a process of
heating-in order that it may be properly and effectively curled and be given the
desired strength and elasticity. In this heating and curling process I find the
best results are attained by placing, or arranging the material in thin layers upon
a 'series of pipes, rods or corrugated plates, which are heated in any desired or
approved manner, first however, interposing between the material and pipes, rods
or corrugated plates, thin layers of paper or similar material, to prevent the
curling material from burning or becoming too severely heated, as well as affording
a convenient means for removing the layers at the proper time. In handling the
pipes, rods or corrugated plates, I have the same in bundles, holded by a spiral or
in rows between holders, one bundle or row upon the curling material, one bundle
or row down or beneath the curling material; by the process of curling, one pipe
goes down from the upper line, after that one pipe goes upwards from the lower
line; the spiral or straigth holders are supported by a clasp or similar, to prevent
the falling out of the pipes. By curling coarse material, very cheap, I use no
pipes, I curl it between sheets or corrugated plates. In need of time or other
trouble it is not necessary, to curl the fibrous material by the above described pro-
cess; the result for the following felting or weaving process is the same, if I use
the curled material, which I can buy by every curled hair manufacturer, the
expences are higher, that's all.
r
After the material has undergone this first stage in its treatment, just described,
it is raked and the layers are interwoven or felted; to successfully accomplish,
which it is necessary to submit said material to the action of rolls or other
devices, wherby the material is completed ready for the application of the fire-
or waterproofing fluid. The cheaper way for the application of the fire- or water-
proof composition is to fastening all-ready the interwoven sheet or any desired
shape over the object, which is to be covered and after fastening the sheet or
shaped form, coating the same with a fire- or waterproof composition.
My invention further consists of an improved construction of a machine, on
which the above mentioned rolls, or beams or boards or the like are mounted and
which forms an essential and important part of the present invention.
Figure 1 represents a front elevation of a machine, embodying my invention.
Figure 2 represents a vertical longitudinal section of the same, taken on the
line X-Xof Figure 1.
Figure 3 represents on an enlarged scale, an elevation of a roll or beam or boards
used in the production of coarser material, the same being then substituted for the
lower roll or beam or boards, shown in Figure 1.
Figure 4 represents a perspective view of two of the squares or any desired
form, ready for use.
Figure 5 represents a vertical section on line y―y of Figure 1.

page_text: Figure 6 represents a sectional perspective, view, showing the arrangement of
the pipes or the like for heating the hair or analogous material, which latter is
shown in position thereon..
Figure 7 represents a perspective view of the fire- or waterproof material, show-
ing a gang of hooks in the drawing, the hair or analogous material composing
the underside thereof up through the surface in the form of interlocking. loops,
hereinafter referred to.
...
Figure 8 represents a transverse section of the fire- and waterproof material.
Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the figures.
Referring to the drawings:
A designates a frame-work of housing, supported upon the legs or uprights. B,
said- franie-work being adapted to carry the rolls or other devices C and D, of
which the latter or lower roll or beam or boards is located.
The lower roll or beam or boards, with or without chains, as a board wire-
netting or another netting or mat, plain or covered is provided with a plurality
of peripheral grooves E, and is capable to vertical or other adjustment being
removably held in its bearings; while the upper roll or beam C, has a plurality of
straight or radially-disposed hooks. F adapted to move within the grooves E,
alone or during the rotation of said roll C; a driving pulley G, and belt therefor
being arranged at an end of said roll C, to impart motion thereto. The above-
named broad wire-netting or other netting or mat can be used with the lower roll
or board or beam together or as substitute for the lower roll or board or beam.
In the deepenings or furrows of the above named netting or mat the hooks F, of
the upper roll C, are sinking, to grasp the fibre, composing the underside thereof
up trough the surface in the form of interlooking loops; the result in this manner
is the same as with the furrows or grooves E, of the lower roll or board or beam D.
Referring now to Figure 4, the framed squares or other shapes, suitable in fire-
proof buildings or other constructions. The frame R is constructed from a stabil
material, as metal or composition of suitable kind or any desirable material, as
fire-proof prepared wood or the like. The form of the frame may be square or
retangle or round or oval or oblonge or any desired form. The frame may be
produced by use of nieten, or produced from a suitable composition in a mould
by heat or pressure or both. For use as door or others or as window or opening,
to reach or repair pipes or wires or others, the fire-proof material may be used
with suitable hinges C. The frame is not necessary in every instance, screws or
the like may be used as cheaper substitutes for the frame.
Referring now to Fig. 6, the means I employ to heat and curl the hair or
analogous substances will next be described.
A designates a series of pipes, rods, chained sheets, as connected tin-bars or
a mat or wire-netting or the like equivalent devices, which are preferably
arranged in staggered order and have adjacent thereto a covering B* of paper or
similar material between which, if necessary, an outer cover C; the hair or other
fibre D is laid in layers or otherwise, the whole may be held, if necessary by
coarse material, in place by the clamps Ex or similar devices, as substitute.
After the hair has been properly heated, as curled hereinbefore described, it is
prevented to the rolls C and D), being there arranged in one or more layers and
motion having been imparted to the upper roll or beam C, the hooks I will be
caused to pass through the layers and draw the hair or analogous material com-
posing the lower layer through the upper one, thereby uniting or weaving the
same together and forming a substantial and pliable material as shown clearly
in Fig. 7. If I want to have a ready woven sheet of unusual and extra high and
thickness, I use two or more of the above described ready felted sheets or layers
of hair or other fibrous material with loops standing single upwardly and unit the
upwardly-standing loops of the lower sheet with the loops of the upper sheet and
receive a double-high single sheet. If I want an elastic and soft surface of the
united' sheets, I unit the upwards-standing single loops of the lower ready-woven
17.07

page_text: sheet against the down-looking loops of the upper ready woven sheet. If I want
a more durable surface both sides of the united sheets I draw the loops of the
first sheet from the surface of the sheet to the rough bottom of the sheet, the same
process I repeat with the second sheet and after this operation I unit the sheets
or other shape as above described. If I want a durable surface on one side and a
soft and elastic surface on the other side, I draw the loops of the first sheet from
the surface of the sheet to the rough bottom of the sheet and unit the loops of the
first sheet with the upwardly standing loops of the second sheet by grasping
loops of the first sheet through loops of the second sheet without or with support
as a wire or wire-netting or other support.
By the construction and arrangement of the rolls C and D as above described,
it will be understood, that the hair or other material at will be gripped by their
peripheries as it passes therethrough and thereby held firmly while the hooks F
penetrate the layer; the movement of the upper or lower roll, it can be for- or.
backwards, down or up, or oscillatory or any desired movement, suitable by the
different thickness of the layers, and by the different finer or coarser material,
which passes through the rolls or boards, serving to resist the passage of the
material, while the hooks F are drawing the hair of the layer on the surface.
Some-time by interweaving very resistent, as rattam fibre or willow-fibre or other
strong material I need an up and down movement of the lower roll 1). It is not
necessary, to obtain the above described movemts only by mechanical means,
as wheels with steam or other power, the result is the same with a lever, moved
by hand or the above described movements of the lower roll D can be obtained
by compressed air. By interweaving thin sheets or layers or by interweaving fine
material I save time and power, if I use instead the lower roll D or board or beam
a chain or chained sheet, as especial a wire-netting or other netting, plain or
covered or a suitable mat. The lower roll D or board or beam must be removable,
to exchange the same, if desired. I have also an extra line of different rolls, beams
or boards, which I use in need by the different thickness of the layer, or by the more
fine or coarse material, which I want to weaving, asbestos-fibre upwards to goat-
hair.
To one end of the shaft D* carrying the lower roll D is fastened an arm L, one
end of which connects with a rod M, the latter being provided at its upper free
end with a hook N, adapted to engage pins C, arranged upon a disc or collar P
secured to the end of the shaft, which carries the upper roll C the pins () will
successively engage the hooked end of the rod M and so depress one end of the
arm L, thereby causing the lower roll to move, until such time as the pin shall
have passed out of engagement with the hook N, after which the counterpoise or
weight Q connected to the opposite end of the lever L will bring the parts back
again to their normal position as is evident.
The pins O and the hooks F can be arranged in any desired number, so that
the movement of the lower roll or upper roll or beams or boards can be varied
according to requirements.
In order to interweave a coarser material, I have stronger rolls or beams or
boards and I arrange upon the lower roll a series of needles H secured to arms
or shoulders J, each arm or shoulder preferably carrying one or more needles and
adapted to engage the hair or other fibrous material, move it as it passes between
the rolls, and in this manner separate. it to a more or less extent. The arms or
shoulders J, which support the needles H, are arranged in a line with the hooks F,
and are provided with depressions K, into which said hooks F will fall and grasp
the material during the movement of the roll.
After the hair, fibre, moss or analogous material has reached this stage of com-
pletion, it is ready to undergo the process with the fire- or waterproof fluid or
composition and at this stage the material may be used in the full length and
breadth or cutted or formed in any desired shape, dipped in the composition and
.pressed or formed with consideration, for what it will be used. By cheaper things
it is enough to cover the surface only with the composition.

page_text: If I want a very desirable and durable pressure and formation and a good
unit with the composition I place the shapes in a casing of metall or suitable
material; the durability I can obtain by heating only or composed with pressure
or pressure alone. This operation may be accomplished by a die, having upon its
face an ornamental design, which will impress itself upon the material, as will be
evident.
In order to give greater strength to the finished product, when it is desired to
produce ornaments or other figures in relief, upon the face of the material before
it has been treated with fire- or waterproof fluid or composition or to strengthen
the weaving material, the hooks F may be operated to penetrate the fabric and
draw the material from the under side up. and through the surface thereof in the
form of loops, which latter interlock each other in a manner similar to the knitted
goods of different kind, see Fig. 7, shown clearly in the following: The hooks F
of the upper roll C goes down through the fibre-layers to the furrows or grooves E
of the lower roll D, each hook F grasping a small portion of hair or fibre of every
description upwards through the surface of the upper layer; after a small move-
ment of the fibre-layers as I want to have shorter or longer connected meshes,
the hooks F of the upper roll C, with the above described small portion of fibre
still ever in its furrows, goes down again through the fibre-layers to the furrows
or grooves E of the lower roll D; the above described first small portion of fibre
is now laying even on the surface of the upper layer, the handles of the hooks Fin
the midst, grasping a second small portion of fibre from the lower layer to the
surface and through the first small portion of fibre; the hooks F of the upper
roll C having now only the second small portions of fibre in its furrows.
the above described movement of the fibre-layers, the hooks F of the upper roll C
makes the above described operation for a third small portion of fibre, grasping
it upwards through the second small portion, having now only the third small
portion of fibre in its furrows; beginning now to operate for the fourth portion of
fibre grasping upwards and so forth. If I want ornamented meshes, like meshes.
on fancy. knitting-goods, I unit the loops together on the surface or I form the
first described connected meshes in oblique manner instead rectilineal or the
like. I never keep in stock connected mesh-goods. If I am not sure, that I can
sell out the upwardly-standing loop-goods, I draw a wire or other support through
the upwardly-standing loops of the woven goods, and if I need then connected
mesh-goods, I draw the second loop through the first loop, the third loop through
the second loop with the same result, as first described, to form connected
meshes. I may introduce thereinto, during the course of manufacture, a wire-
netting or other suitable help, to strength the material; but it is not all neces-
sary and may be entirely dispensed, if found desirable.
After
The metal-casing may also be dispensed with, although the use of the latter
permits of considerable ornamentation and provides for a more accurately fitting.
The fire and waterproof or fire- or waterproof composition may be of any
desired or well-known kind; and pulverized saw-dust and blood-albumen; and
sieved ashes or cement of slacks or slags-triturated remainders of smelting-houses
or forges or coal-remainders- or other kind. Or a mass of rubber, or a mass of
cork, or any combination of suitable material or the above with it, producing the
same in any desired grade of fineness or more coarseness and every grade of thick-
ness, intermixed with a binding or adhesive material or waterglass, or any com-
bination of these intermixed with woolen or cotton will give a strong and effective
coating to the material and consequently a greater stability to the product. The
proportions of the compositions as cover of the interwoven fibrous material are
very different and fluctuating. Every kind of composition with qualification to
be adhesive and forming after stiffness a durable surface is desirable. With regard
to the proportions of the large number of desirable compositions. I will given
some for example;
As a waterproof composition: 1 part gutta-percha, and two part indian-rubber,

page_text: or gutta-percha, intermixed with line-seed-oil or varnish of every desirable quan-
tity. Another composition is: Indian-rubber intermixed with sulphuri of every
quantity alone, or intermixed with small portions of chalk,, or, zink-white or
clorid or like substances or white-lead or lac. in tables or substitutes for the above
named. Pulverized or otherwise. prepared saw-dust intermixed with blood albu-
men, to moisten it, and used in this way only by mixing it, or drying the above
named ingredients. and after drying; using the same, as cover for the interwoven
fibrous material by heat and pressure.. One part wood-ashes.or substitutes for, it,
one part paste or suitable material and one part printing or waste-paper, softened
in water and pounded or otherwise, or as substitute for it any kind of suitable
pulp or cellulose, the above named parts mixed together ready for use. Or asbes-
tos-fibre or other kind of asbestos, intermixed with various quantity
உ.
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of triturated spar-fluodor. dolomit...or chalk or like substances .one
kind alone or mixed together, or one part. asbestos of every descrip-
tion and two parts cement of slacks or slags or like substances. Or
two parts asbestos intermixed with one part clay. Or two parts asbestos, one part
triturated or otherwise glass-dust or pulverized bones. It may also mixed in the
above described compositions small parts of wax or oil or pitch or turpentine
or waterglass or other glutinous or gumous substances, to make the compositions
more flexible if desired. The parts of the above described compositions must not
be the same in every instance or occassion, the parts may be of every variety, if
the adhesive and durable quality of the compositions is present. The elasticity
of the interwoven material is of such a manner, to unit it with every adhesive
compositions, different from the above-named. Two parts remainders of cork,
1 part gutta-percha or indian-rubber, or two parts cork, pulverized or otherwise
and part oxided or otherwise line-seed-oil or substitute for it, or shoddy or
other substitutes for woolen or cotton or woolen or cotton, teared to small pieces
and cooked to an adhesive mass or otherwise or intermixed with small parts of
guttapercha or indian-rubber or line-seed-oil or substitutes with adhesive quali-
fication. The parts of the woolen, cotton- or cork-composition are various. Fire
and waterproof material, produced as above described may also be used between
the walls, ceilings or floors of buildings or other structures and will make also an
effective covering for pipes, wires, boilers, kettles and the like, as well as sub-
stantial packing as will be readily understood, it can be encased and may be pro-
vided with suitable hinges or adjacent frames.
It is evident, that the rolls C and D may be replaced by boards, one or more,
or beams, with or without chains, which will be provided of course, with the
grooves E, and the function of the boards or beam or chains will be substantially
the same as the rolls above referred to.
From the foregoing it will be apparent that my invention provides in a very
simple and inexpensive manner, a very desirable and effective fire- or waterproof
or both material which is well adapted for the purposes intended and which may
be made of any degree of elasticity, thickness and fineness; the machine described
being so arranged that the lower roll alone or the upper roll alone or both rolls
thereof readily and quickly removed and replaced by others according to require-
ments, as one or more boads or beams, plain or with furrows or chains.
Exspecially by buildings, erected for limited time it is more usefull, to fasten-
ing all-ready the interwoven sheets over the walls, ceilings, floors etc. and after-
wards coating the sheets with an above described composition; or by partition
walls or as covering for different purposes, coating the one one side with a desir-
able composition and the other side with a composition, unequal to the composition
on the first side, as cooled melted metalic composition.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said in-
vention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
--
1st. The herein described process of producing a fibrous and elastic fire- or

page_text: waterproof or both material, which consists of curling the hair or analogous
substances used therefor, next felting the same with needles or hooks and coating
it with a fire- or waterproof or fire- and waterproof composition.
2nd. The herein described process of producing a fibrous and elastic fire- or
waterproof material, which consists of weaving curled hair or analogous sub-
stances, and next coating it with a fire- or waterproof composition by pressure and
if necessary coating same composition with a fire- or waterproof paint or cover.
3rd. The herein described process of producing a fibrous and elastic fire- and
waterproof material, which consists in heating the hair or analogous substances
used therefor, to curl the same and afterwards felting and coating it with a fire-
or waterproof fluid.
4th. The herein described process of producing fibrous and elastic fire- and
waterproof material, which consists in raking curled hair or other fibre and after-
wards passing it between rolls or beams or boards with needles or hooks, to
interweaving it and subjecting the product to the action of a fire- or waterproof
or both composition.
5th. The herein described process and apparatus for manufacturing fibrous and
elastic fire or waterproof material, which consists in interweaving raked hair or
analogous substances used therefor and coating the above product with a:fire- or
waterproof or both composition.
6th. The herein described process for manfacturing fibrous and elastic fire-
and waterproof material, which consists in treating the hair or analogous sub-
stances, used therefor, to curl it, passing the same between rolls or beams, one of
said rolls being provided with peripheral grooves and the other being provided
with radially or single disposed hooks, adapted to engage the material, as it passes
between the rolls, and afterwards coating said material with a fire- or waterproof
or both composition.
7th. The herein described process for manufacturing fibrous and elastic fire-
or waterproof material, which consists in curling the hair or analogous material,
used therefor and passing same in layers between rolls or beams, one of said rolls
being arranged to move and the other provided with radially or straigth dis-
posed hooks, adapted to penetrate the material as it passes through the rolls or
beam or boards and draw loops upwardly and afterwards may unit the same.
Sth. The herein described process for manufacturing fibrous and elastic fire-
or waterproof material, which consists in passing curled or raked material between
rolls or beams, one of said rolls being provided with needles or hooks and being
adapted to oscillate or not and the other roll being provided with hooks, adapted
to engage the material and to enter depressions below the needles.
9th. The herein described process and apparatus for manufacturing fire- or
waterproof material, which consists in curling the hair or analogous substances
used therefor and treating the same after weaving with a fire- or waterproof or
both composition and forming it by pressure.
10th: The herein described process for manufacturing fibrous and elastic fire-
and waterproof material, which consists in felting or weaving hair or analogous
material and treating the same with fire- or waterproof composition and placing
it within casings of suitable design and subjecting the same to pressure or heat
or both, whereby ornamental characters may be impressed; if necessary, the pro-
duct can be varnished or glazed or extra hardened.
11th. As a means for curling hair or fibrous material a plurality of pipes, bars
or chained sheets and adapted to be heated.
12th. As a means for curling hair or analogous material a line of pipes, baris or
sheets, arranged in staggered order or in straigth line and a strip of paper or
similar material between the pipes or sheets and the layers of hair or analogous
material.
13th. As a means for curling a plurality of pipes, bars or sheets, a strip of
paper or similar material, adapted to be supported upon the lower row of said

page_text: pipes and contakted with the upper row thereof, a layer of hair sustained upon
said strip an exterior covering strip for said hair or analogous material and
clamps for holding it in position.
14th. As an improved article to manufacture a block or sheet or other shape
of said fire- or waterproof material, the same consisting of a layer of interwoven
hair or other fibrous material, having certain loops therein interlocked or pulled
upwardly through the body thereof, said hair or analogous material, treated with
fire- or waterproof or both material, with or without casing, to support it.
15th. As a means for thickening the hair sheets or produced from analogous
material two or more of the above described ready felted or interwoven sheets
or layers of hair or analogous material with loops or meshes therein or standing
upwardly and united the loops of the lower sheet with the loops of the upper
sheet and receive in this way a double or triple or more height single sheet.
16th. In a machine for treating hair or analogous material, an upper roll,
having a plurality of needles or hooks therein and a lower roll or beam or beards,
provided with grooves, within which said needles are working and means for giv-
ing said lower roll or beam or chained boards any desired movement with respect
to said upper roll.
17th. In a machine for treating hair or fibrous material, used therefore, an
upper roll or beam or boards of any desired movement, as rotate or oscillate or
to move for or backward or up- or down, with respect to the material, which
is treated, having a series of needles or hooks, projecting therefrom, a lower rol
or beam or boards, located suitable to said upper roll and being plain or having
grooves therein and means for any desired movement with respect to said upper
roll.
18th. In a machine for treating hair or analogous material an upper roll, sup-
ported to any desired movement, with respect to the more fine or more coarse
material, which is to be interwoven, having a series of needles or hooks, a lower
roll or beams or board with or without chains, located in proximity to said upper
roll and having needles or points projecting therefrom and grooves located beneath
and adjacent to said needles, within which said hooks pass, and means for giving
said lower roll or beam any desired movement with respect to said upper roll.
19th. In a machine for treating hair, a roll or beam, having a series of needles
or hooks, a lower roll or beam or board with furrows or chains, in which furrows
or chains sink the needles to engage the hair or analogous material, used therefore.
20th. As a means for fastening the hair layers or analogous material by the
weaving process, a mesh of different kind, like the meshes by knitting goods,
formed from the hair or analogous material alone.
21th. As a means to weave the different kind of material in good quality, an
extra line of rolls, beams or boards in every desired shape, to change or to supply
the lower or upper roll, if it is needed.
22th. As a means for treating the hair or analogous material during the pro-
- cess to interweaving it, a needle for the lower roll or board or beam, said needle
having one or more points and furrows, in respect to the needles of the upper
roll, to assist said upper needles, to engage the material to weaving it.
23th. As an improved article of manufacture a sheet or other shaped form,
plain or hollow or curved of the above described fire- or waterproof material, with
or without loops or clamps therein.
24th. As an improved article of manufacture, a plain or shaped sheet or other
form of the above described fire- or waterproof material, coated on the one side
with a suitable composition, and coated on the other side with a composition,
different to the composition of the first side, as metal or asbestos.
25th. As an improved article of manufacture, a plain or curved sheet or cover
of the above described fire- or waterproof material, all-ready fitted and fastened
over the walls, floors, ceilings or the like and afterwards coating with a fire- or
waterproof composition or fluid.

page_text: 26th. As a means to manufacture, the innerside of the felted or woven curled
hair or anlogous material can be coated with a fire- or waterproof composition
and the rough and uncoated material can be on the surface.
27th. The coating of the fire- or waterproof composition can also be perforated.
28th. As a means to manufacture, a pipe formed from the above described
material and the use as pipe or as cover for pipes or wire.
29. As a means for coating, a mass of asbestos, rubber or cement or paper-
pulp or cork or woolen or cotton or suitable coating material, used alone or inter-
mixed with one or more parts of different material to strengthen it or to give
more durability or elasticity to cover the above described interwoven hair or sub-
stitute, used therefore.
Dated, this Seventh day of September 1898.
ELIZA KATHARINA MAUSSNER.