matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE BEARING SURFACES OF HORSE COLLARS, RIDING AND HARNESS SADDLES, AND SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Nuttall at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
July 1868. A communication from abroad by Eugene Sullivan, of
New York, United States of America.
I, THOMAS NUTTALL, of Bury, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE BEARING
SURFACES OF HORSE COLLARS, RIDING AND HARNESS SADDLES, AND SIMILAR
ARTICLES," being a communication to me from abroad by Eugene Sullivan,
of New York, United States of America, to be as follows:-
I cover the portion of the body of the collar that is brought in contact
with the horse with a fabric whose exterior surface has been rendered
waterproof by a coating composed of vulcanized caoutchouc or gutta
percha, or any other composition possessing a sufficient portion of the
said gums to produce an elastic and durable waterproof coating on
woven fabrics. The inner edge of the said waterproof covering of the
body stuffing is combined with the united ends of the leather covering
of the roll of the collar, and the outer edge of the said waterproof covering
is united with the prolonged portion of the roll covering. The prolonged
portion of the said roll covering usually covers the entire exterior surface

page_text: of the body of the collar, or that portion thereof which is not brought
into bearing contact with the horse. I employ similar waterproof
fabrics for the bearing surfaces of riding and harness saddles, and any
harness bearing on the horse. I have produced very superior articles
when I have employed as a covering for the bearing portion thereof
a kersey or some other elastic woven fabric after it has been rendered
waterproof by the combination therewith of a coating of vulcanized
caoutchouc or gutta percha. This fabric forms a smooth, soft, and
durable bearing surface, one that will not under any circumstances
chafe or gall the horse; this is undoubtedly attributable in a great
measure to the waterproof quality of the bearing surfaces preventing
the stuffing becoming saturated with moisture, and also to the fact that
the said surfaces can be cleaned with soap and water without impairing
the softness and smoothness of the texture thereof.
AN IMPROVED CONDENSER FOR STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isaac Hudson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
November 1868.
I, ISAAC HUDSON, of Stockport, in the County of Chester, Mechanic,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
CONDENSER FOR STEAM ENGINES," to be as follows:-
Instead of the ordinary condenser into which the steam passes from
the eduction pipe and the injection water enters at or near the bottom, I
employ a square vessel having at two sides a number of ledges and one
open side which can be closed by a plate bolted to it, and at the top an
opening for the injection water, and at the bottom a nozzle connected
by a pipe to the air pump. The ledges support dishes having holes
in the centre, through which is passed a pipe extending from above the
vessel where it is connected to the ordinary eduction pipe. The top dish
is full of perforations, and the next dish has perforations for a short
distance surrounding the pipe, and its back edge is lowered, so that the
water that cannot pass through the perforations can pass over the edge,
and all the remaining dishes are of the same construction; and in order

page_text: that the water can descend freely from the top to the bottom there are
spaces between the dishes and the sides of the vessel, one space being
opposite the next space, and so on from top to bottom. The pipe in the
interior of the vessel has passages or openings formed in its exterior,
two of which open into the space between two dishes, and so on for all
the others. The steam to be condensed passes into the pipe in the vessel
and through the passages into the spaces between the dishes, and the
injection water falls first upon the top perforated plate and descends to
the next plate, condensing a portion of the steam; the water then
descends to the next plate, and so on from top to bottom condensing
the steam in its passage, and from the division of the steam and the
subdivision of the water to an immense extent of surface the con-
densation is effected with great rapidity in a comparitively small
vessel.
IMPROVED MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING THE BARREL FRINGE OR TASSEL FRINGE ON SHAWLS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Craven at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
April 1868.
I, JOSEPH CRAVEN, of the Firm of D. and J. Craven, of Thornton,
near Bradford, in the County of York, Shawl Manufacturers, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS OR
APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING THE BARREL FRINGE OR TASSEL FRINGE ON
SHAWLS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to that kind of fringe produced or formd on
shawls technically known as "barrel fringe" or tassel fringe, that is,
in forming the threads constituting the fringe into tufts wrapped around
with other thread, and which has heretofore been effected by hand, which
process is both tedious and cannot be done with that regularity or
uniformity desirable. Now my improvements consist in the employment
of a pair of nippers or jaws to hold a series of the threads sufficient
to form a tuft or tassel. These nippers are fixed upon suitable frame-
work, and one part is screwed to receive a screwed pulley, to which is
attached a thread carrier and guide to which rotary motion is given by
driving band or strap, whereby the thread is carried around the tuft,

page_text: the screw causing the pulley to move laterally or traverse, and thereby
cause the guide to wind or wrap the thread in regular spiral coils upon
the said tufts. The nippers also carry a needle or hooker, which is
caused to slide by the lateral action or motion of the pulley, and thereby
pass the end of the wrapping thread through the coils thereof and thus
secure the said ends.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING AIR FOR GRAIN KILNS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Archibald Brownlie at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 20th March 1868.
I, ARCHIBALD BROWNLIE, of the Firm of Brownlie & Son, of the
Garrion Grain Mills, Wishaw, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING AIR FOR GRAIN KILNS," to be as follows, that
is to say:
This Invention relates to the heating of air for drying grain in grain
kilns. The air is heated by being forced or drawn by a fan or other
blowing apparatus through cast-iron pipes exposed to the heat of a
common fire.
The improvements consist in the construction and arrangement of the
pipes in the fire chamber or furnace. Two long parallel cast-iron boxes
are disposed horizontally at a convenient distance apart, and the inlet
air pipe communicates with the inner end of one box whilst the outlet
pipe communicates with the outer end of the other box. The two boxes
communicate with each other by a series of pipes of a horse-shoe or
arched form which are placed vertically, being fitted into faucetted

page_text: openings formed in the tops of the side boxes. The arched pipes are by
preference of a form which in the cross section presents two parallel
straight sides with rounded ends. The brickwork casing of the furnace
is arched, but so as not to be in contact with the arched pipes, and there
is free space round and between these for the circulation of the fire
gases. The fire-grate is at about the level of the side boxes into which
the pipes are fitted and extends only part of the way back from the front
end. The side boxes are fitted or formed with partitions to direct the
air through the arched pipes in convenient sets or sections; thus, in one
example, the air on entering has access to only four of the arched pipes,
and by these it passes over to the other side box, whence it returns by
the next four pipes, finally making its last traverse by the third set of
four pipes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF MATTRESSES AND CAMP BEDS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Frazer and William Naar
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 4th August 1868.
We, JOSEPH FRAZER, Silk Mercer, and WILLIAM NAAR, Upholsterer,
both of Bayswater, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
MATTRESSES AND CAMP BEDS," to be as follows:-
The chief object of this Invention is to provide for the adjustment of
the upper surface of spring mattresses so as to set the head of the
mattress higher than the foot. To this end the mattress is made with
a base and an upper frame, which frames are connected together by the
springs. Applied to the ends of the frames are fastenings (straps and
buckles, or their equivalent,) for drawing the frames together, so that
the foot of the mattress may be depressed and the head elevated at
pleasure. Also for facility of packing the frames may be drawn
together so as to reduce the bulk of the mattress. The springs run
along the sides and across the middle of the mattress, secured to the

page_text: wood of the base frame and to the wood and webbing of the top frame,
and by this arrangement a considerable economy in the number of the
springs required to give the mattress the required stiffness is effected.
To convert the mattress into a camp bed it is only necessary to screw
short legs into the bottom or base frame at the corners thereof.
AN IMPROVED SELF-ACTING RACK OR CATCH WITH OR WITHOUT HINGE
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Turner Hall, George
Critchley, and Howard Busby Fox at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 17th December 1868..
We, JAMES TURNER HALL, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, GEORGE CRITCHLEY, of the same Place, Jeweller, and HOWARD
BUSBY Fox, of Oxton, Cheshire, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED SELF-ACTING RACK OR CATCH WITH OR
WITHOUT HINGE," to be as follows:-
The object of our Invention is to hold firmly in any desired position,
or at any angle of inclination, a box or trunk lid, pianoforte top, door,
or any article where a hinge is used with the certainty of its remaining
as placed, and which is self-acting when closing.
Our Invention consists in attaching to a hinge, or to any article where
a hinge is required, a thin piece of metal of a segmental form cut as a
rack for nearly its entire length, one end of which is made fast and
the other end wider than the racked portion, and which is guided by
a fixed pin working in a slot of a piece of an irregular pentagonal form
swiveled near its centre, the longest angle of which is a catch for the

page_text: rack, and which is held in position by a spring or lever forcing it against
the rack until thrown out of gear by the broader portion of the segmental
piece, and which is restored to its working position by a pin striking it
down upon a fixed piece, which also acts as a bearing for the catch piece;
and the combination of the whole or part of these for the purpose sct
forth.
AN IMPROVED COMBINED OPEN AND CLOSED CARRIAGE
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ollive Hollingworth at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
December 1868.
I, OLLIVE HOLLINGWORTII, of 105, Hereford Road, Westbourne
Park, W., Esquire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED COMBINED OPEN AND CLOSED CARRIAGE," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to combine in one vehicle the advantages
of a light park phaeton with the comforts of a miniature brougham;
and my Invention consists of making the body of the carriage of wicker-
work or other suitable light material, and of attaching thereto a hood of
leather or other similar material with a moveable driving box and dickey.
When used as a park phacton the hood is folded back on either side and
the dickey placed behind with driving irons in the front. When used as a
brougham the hood is raised, doors are fitted in, and the dickey is removed
to the front to form a driving box for the coachman; the doors are
moveable. Should it be desired to convert the phaeton into a brougham

page_text: while out and the doors not be available an apron and curtain would
form temporary substitutes. Carriages have before been constructed to
be used either open or closed, but no carriage has hitherto been built
which can be used as a phaeton or brougham.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ARRANGEMENTS AND APPARATUS FOR DEALING WITH SEWAGE
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Yule at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th August
1868.
I, JOHN YULE, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ARRANGEMENTS AND APPARATUS FOR DEALING WITH SEWAGE,"
to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention rolates to improved arrangements for dealing with
sewage, more particularly in connection with the watercloset system,
and comprises simple and economical apparatus for intercepting the
sewage at or near dwelling-houses so as to prevent its discharge into
the main sewers, and also apparatus for removing it.
The main features of the Invention are the employment of compressed
air (alone or in combination with exhaustion) for transferring the sewage
from closed receptacles into which the dwelling-house soil pipes dis-
charge thence into closed tank carts, and the furnishing of such tank
carts or accessary carts with air pumps driven by horse gear for com-
pressing or exhausting the air employed.

page_text: In carrying out the Invention a closed tank or vessel is placed at the
bottom of one or more dwelling-house soil pipes, the inlets thereinto
from such pipes being fitted with simple flap valves, which whilst
admitting the sewage prevent the compressed air from passing into the
pipes. The tank is provided with a pipe for discharging the contents,
such pipe being by preference fitted to the top and projecting down
inside to within a few inches from the bottom. A second smaller pipe
is fitted to the top of the tank to admit the compressed air, and this pipe
may also be projected down inside so that the air entering by it may
agitate the contents, if this is found necessary, to prevent their adhering
to the sides. Both pipes are fitted with stop valves and couplings to
connect with flexible or jointed pipes from the tank cart. The
pump for
compressing the air (or which may be used for exhausting it if preferred)
is placed on the tank cart and is arranged to be driven by horse gear, so
that the horse which moves the cart from place to place may be availed
of for the pumping operation. The gear will consist principally of a
vertical shaft mounted on the top of the cart and having fixed to it an
overhanging pole or lever to be drawn by the horse walking round the
cart. The pump or pumps may be driven from the vertical shaft by any
suitable mechanism in use for such purpose. When the pipes are con-
nected and the air forced by onc pipe into the house tank the pressure
acting on the surface of the contents will cause them to pass by the
other pipe into the tank cart.
IMPROVEMENTS INBREECH- LOADING GUNS."
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Golden, of Bradford, in the County of
York, Gun Maker, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-
LOADING GUNS."

page_text: although projecting from the same. It also has its fulcrum formed
upon the body of the gun; its upper part I make in a shape similar
to the human foot, the foot fitting into a recess formed through the
bolt to which it is desired to give motion for the purpose of unlocking
the breech.
The second part of my Invention consists in the improvement of
cutting a slot through the solid bar of the fore end of the body to
allow a spring to be passed through it, thus allowing the spring to
press upon a projection formed on the lever (whether of the description
above named or an ordinary one which transmits motion to the bolt
through the slot in which it passes) and thus unlock the breech. This
spring is fixed in position by a pin or screw passing through the
upper side of the solid bar, the point or end of such screw being
caused to fit in a countersunk place made in the spring for the
purpose of receiving the same; such arrangement causes the screw
to serve the purpose of a set pin for forcing down the spring to its
proper position, and by means of a small friction pulley upon that end
of the spring which bears upon the heel or projection of the upper end
of the thumb lever friction is reduced. Should the spring break it
may easily be removed and replaced by a fresh one without taking the
gun to pieces.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Charles Golden in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 16th November 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PREŞENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
GOLDEN, of Bradford, in the County of York, Gun Maker, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of May, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the thirty-
first year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Charles Golden, Her special licence
that I, the said Charles Golden, my executors, administrators, and

page_text: Secondly. The arrangement of the spring shown and described to be
used in conjunction with the before-named thumb lever.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Golden, have hereunto set
my hand and scal, this Twelfth day of November, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight.
Witness,
P. H. SHARP,
Patent Agent,
Leeds.
CHARLES GOLDEN. (L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON, STEEL, AND OTHER METALLIC SUBSTANCES, SUCH IMPROVEMENTS BEING ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE MANUFACTURE OF TOOLS MADE OF THE SAME MATERIALS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Archibald Munro and William
Bennet Adamson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 31st October 1868.
We, ARCHIBALD MUNRO, of Arbroath, in the County of Forfar,
North Britain, and WILLIAM BENNET ADAMSON, of Glasgow, in the
County of Lanark, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON, STEEL,
AND OTHER METALLIC SUBSTANCES, SUCH IMPROVEMENTS BEING ALSO APPLICABLE
TO THE MANUFACTURE OF TOOLS MADE OF THE SAME MATERIALS," to be as follows,
that is to say :-
This Invention relates in the first place to the employment of creosote
or hydrocarbons for the purpose of making tools and other articles
composed of iron, steel, or metallic alloys much harder and more
thoroughly tempered than hitherto. The tools or other articles to be
hardened or tempered are heated to the necessary temperature, and
cooled by immersion in the creosote or hydrocarbon, and to further

page_text: increase the hardness or temper of the tools or other articles carbon or
other indurating substance may be mixed with it.
This Invention relates in the second place to the manufacture of iron,
steel, and metallic alloys, or tools, or other articles composed of iron,
steel, or metallic alloys, and it consists in treating the iron, steel,
or metallic alloys in the following manner :-The iron, steel, or
metallic alloys are melted and rendered dense and hard by being cast in
chills, the chilled iron, steel, or metallic alloys is or are then remelted,
and recast into chills, the result being the production of a much harder,
denser, and more durable material than hitherto obtained. For the
purpose of rendering the metals so treated still harder and denser they
may be remelted and cast into chills for any number of times.
It is to be understood that tools or other articles manufactured under
the second part of this Invention may be treated by creosote or hydro-
carbons, with or without indurating substances added thereto, as herein-
before described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE VALVES OF STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Anthony Bell at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th May 1868.
I, ANTHONY BELL, of 39, Alfred Road, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE VALVES OF STEAM ENGINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in the valves of steam engines,
and consists in constructing them in such manner that there will be
little or no pressure on the back of the said valves, thus preventing to
a considerable extent the wear and friction that result from a large
surface being exposed to the pressure of the steam.
A hollow casing of iron, brass, or other metal or material is pressed
against the valve facing by screws or their equivalents, and also held
firmly in a vertical and horizontal position by bolts or other fastenings.
The valve is constructed so as to fit easily within the said casing, metal
or other packing strips being let into the top and sides thereof so as to
form a practically steam-tight joint between the valve and its casing.
The said valve may be of any required form and area, and is so
constructed that the exhaust steam passes completely through it and

page_text: strikes against the casing instead of against the back of the valve itself;
a rib or ribs being placed across the exhaust opening of the valve in
order to increase its strength. Two or more lugs of suitable construction
are screwed or otherwise fastened in a convenient part of each side of
the said valve so that the valve strap may fit easily between their
projecting ends and the side of the valve. The valve strap and spindles
instead of being constructed in one piece as at present are in two parts,
each spindle having a T-piece forged or otherwise fixed thereto; the said
T-pieces dropping between the said lugs and acting in the same manner
as the present strap. This form of valve and strap, may be conveniently
applied to the present form and construction of steam chests.
In- PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS, AND IN THE PRODUCTION OF FABRICS SUITABLE FOR USE IN THIS MANUFACTURE, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Gardiver and Tom
Henry Faulkner at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 11th September 1868.
We, BENJAMIN GARDIVER, of Thornbury, Bradford, in the County of
York, and TOM HENRY FAULKNER, of 22, Milk Street, in the City of
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "In-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS, AND IN THE
PRODUCTION OF FABRICS SUITABLE FOR USE IN THIS MANUFACTURE, AND FOR OTHER
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
umbrellas and parasols, and in the production of fabrics suitable for use
in this manufacture, and for other purposes. We produce a new fabric
suitable for covering the frames of umbrellas and parasols from the fibre
known as China grass by.dyeing the grass in the state of fibre and after-
ward weaving it into a fabric. This new fabric is also suitable for other

page_text: Or the frames of umbrellas and parasols may be covered with a
material produced by weaving undyed China grass into a fabric which is
afterwards dyed in the piece; but fabrics so produced are less suitable
for this manufacture.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN CONDENSERS OF CARDING ENGINES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Travis, James Chadwick,
and Joseph Law at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 4th September 1868.
We, CHARLES TRAVIS, of Great Howarth, near Rochdale, JAMES
CHADWICK, of Wardle, near Rochdale, and JOSEPH LAW, of Ashworth
Street, Rochdale, all in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN CONDENSERS OF
CARDING ENGINES," to be as follows:-
We propose to fix thin flat guides between the doffers and the strippers;
these guides are placed between the rings on the doffers with the flat side
towards the doffer, by this means the slivers are more effectually
separated; we also place two rollers (fluted or plain) between the
stripper and the twisting straps to take the slivers from the stripper and
carry them to the twisting straps; we also place guides between these
rollers and the twisting straps for the slivers to pass between; by these
means there are less breakages and better work produced.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SOAP
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL. SPECIFICATION left by Edward Samuel Tyrrell Steane
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 28th July 1868.
I, EDWARD SAMUEL TYRRELL STEANE, of Barking, in the County of.
Essex, Soap Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SOAP," to be. as
follows:-
According to my Invention I am enabled to manufacture soap with
a much less proportion of oil, grease, or fatty substance (known as
goods) than usual, by which great economy is effected.
In order to manufacture one ton of soap I boil from 1 to 2 cwt. of oil,.
grease, or fatty substances with 2, 3, or 4 cwt. of caustic soda lees for 1,
2, or 3 hours, to which I then add separately 8, 10, or 12 cwt. of lime
water, from 2 to 3 cwt. of soda crystals, 2 to 3 cwt..of silicate of soda,.
from 1 to 2 cwt.. of common salt (chloride of sodium) or salt cake, and
cwt. nitre cake. I prefer to use the fatty substances and alkalies in
the proportions given above, although I do not limit myself thereto.
absolutely. The matters are boiled together for or hour, lime water:
being added as the boiling proceeds to compensate for evaporation, ands

page_text: the mixture is then framed and crutched until it sets. By combining
materials in the above-mentioned manner a soap may be produced of
equal quality to that at present requiring twice the quantity of goods or
fatty substances. In order to give wear to the soap I may add thereto
during the above process any suitable proportion of animal matter, such
as horn or bone dust, integuments of animals, or ground cereals, pulped
vegetables, or other suitable substance.
The improvements consist, 1st, in manufacturing soap by means of
the combination of materials above enumerated, whereby the quantity of
fat required is greatly reduced.
2ndly. In thoroughly causticizing all the alkalies by means of the
lime water.
3rdly. In the incorporation of the animal or vegetable substances
above mentioned for giving wear to the soap.
The improvements are applicable to white, yellow, mottled, brown,
and other kinds of soap.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WINCHES AND CRANES OR APPARATUS FOR RAISING OR MOVING HEAVY BODIES
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Owens, of Whitefriars Street, in the City
of London, Engineer, and Thomas Patterson, of Kennington, in the
County of Surrey, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN WINCHES
AND CRANES OR APPARATUS FOR RAISING OR MOVING HEAVY BODIES."
Sealed the 22nd December 1868, and dated the 24th June 1868..
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Owens and
Thomas Patterson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 24th June 1868.
We, SAMUEL OWENS, of Whitefriars Street, in the City of London,
Engineer, and THOMAS PATTERSON, of Kennington, in the County of
Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN WINCHES AND CRANES OR APPARATUS FOR RAISING OR MOVING HEAVY
BODIES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to such winches and cranes or apparatus for
raising or moving heavy bodies as are actuated by steam or other motive

page_text: fluid, and consists in constructing them in such manner that the same
movement which throws a friction cone into gear to cause the barrel
to rotate with the main shaft also opens a throttle valve or cock to
admit the necessary supply of steam or motive fluid to the cylinder,
and when the cone is thrown out of gear the throttle valve or cock
is closed, so that only enough steam is admitted to keep the piston in
motion. For this purpose we employ a spindle which communicates
by a rod or connection with the throttle valve or cock, and which has
The
a worm or screw to act on a lever for moving a friction cone.
main shaft which carries the cone passes through the barrel of the
winch or crane.
The action is as follows:-When the weight to be raised has been
attached to the lifting or hauling rope or chain, the attendant by a
handle or otherwise gives one or more turns or part of a turn to the
spindle, whereby the cone takes against the inside of the barrel, causing
it to revolve with the shaft, while the rod connecting the spindle with
the throttle valve at the same time opens the valve to admit the
necessary amount of steam to the cylinder. The more the spindle is
rotated the more firmly does the cone take against the barrel, and the
more is the throttle valve opened. To stop the rotation of the barrel
the spindle is turned in the reverse direction, whereby the cone is
released, the throttle valve being at the same time closed, while the
attendant with his foot actuates a break strap on the barrel. For the
purpose of obtaining greater power when required, we employ a shaft
parallel with the main shaft, and carrying a large and a small toothed
wheel; this shaft is capable of receiving a longitundinal movement,
whereby a small wheel on the main shaft is caused to gear into the large
wheel on the parallel shaft, while the small wheel on this parallel shaft
at the same time takes into a large wheel on the barrel; greater
power is thus exerted on the barrel. The winch or crane may be worked
by a steam or other cylinder forming part thereof, or by an independent
engine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN EXTRACTING BURS FROM WOOL
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Burton Walker at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th August 1868.
I, HENRY BURTON WALKER, of 21, Sawrey Place, Bradford, in the
County of York, Woolstapler, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN EXTRACTING BURS FROM WOOL," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in extracting burs
from wool. For this purpose I steep the wool in a bath of sulphuric
acid which varies in strength according to the class of wool under treat-
ment, but about equal proportions of acid and water will do. The wool
is then passed through rollers (by preference fluted) to crush the burs and
squeeze out the acid and water. I then spread it for a short time on
the floor to cool and to allow the air to act on it; it is then dried upon
steam pipes or other means. When perfectly dry I "willy" it to knock
out the burs. It is then steeped in a soda bath and passed through
rollers, and then washed in soap and water, and dried.
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TUBES FOR MARINE BOILERS, SURFACE CONDENSERS, AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Everitt at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 3rd June 1868.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD EVERITT, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
TUBES FOR MARINE BOILERS, SURFACE CONDENSERS, AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES,"
to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention consists in an improvement or improvements in
manufacturing tubes of the description above named so that such tubes
may be rendered capable of resisting to a great degree the chemical
action of sea or other water having a corrosive or destructive effect upon
brass or yellow metal tubes; this has been hitherto effected by using
tubes of solid copper which, require to be of considerable substance to
give the requisite strength, and thus the weight and cost are materially
enhanced.

page_text: I propose to employ brass or yellow metal tubes coated outside or
inside or both with copper, and I prefer to apply the copper by means
of electro-deposition, and afterwards drawing the tubes if necessary to
give them a finished surface.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE PREVENTION OF SMOKE AND FOR REGULATING THE SUPPLY OF AIR TO FURNACES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Shepherd at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
September 1868.
I, JAMES SHEPHERD, of Whitefield, in the County of Lancaster,
Mechanic, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE PREVENTION OF SMOKE AND FOR
REGULATING THE SUPPLY OF AIR TO FURNACES," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in the use of an escapement wheel with
pallets and pendulum as in the common clock, the escapement wheel
works loose on the end of a drum or barrel carrying a ratchet wheel, the
ratchet being attached to the said escapement wheel. A cord is wound
on the said drum or barrel, one part of which passes to the damper and
moves the same by the use of a lever and pulley, the other part of the
cord passes over a pulley or pulleys to the stokehole and has a weight
attached thereto, to act through the mechanism on the damper and
gradually close the same but not entirely shut off the draft. The
damper is very little open when the fuel is thrown on the fire, thereby
a comparitively small quantity of air enters the furnace during the
operation of firing and prevents the flues from being cooled by excess
of cold air, and also prevents dense or black smoke being formed by

page_text: cooling the flame arising from the furnace. As soon as the fuel has
been supplied the door is closed and the apparatus wound up by the
act of closing the door or by any other independent method that may
be found necessery. The same act that winds up the apparatus also
opens the damper and the entire supply of air passes through the
fire-grate or other openings that may be used for supplying air to the
furnace. The damper by the action of the weight commences to close
gradually, the speed and time of closing being regulated by the
pendulum before named and by the proportions of the working parts
of the apparatus. The damper remains partially closed for some time
before the next supply of fuel is put in the furnace.
The object of my improvements is to prevent the formation of dense
or black smoke in steam boiler or other furnaces.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF CARRYING. RAILWAY AND OTHER TICKETS, CARDS,. AND LABELS READY FOR EXHIBITION OR DELIVERY
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Wesley Goundry at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the.
30th April 1868..
I, JOHN WESLEY GOUNDRY, of Old Shildon, noar Darlington,, in
the County of Durham; do hereby declare the nature of; the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF CARRYING. RAILWAY AND
OTHER TICKETS, CARDS,. AND LABELS READY FOR EXHIBITION OR DELIVERY," to
be as follows:--
The object of this Invention is to reduce the trouble and annoyance.
often attending the safe custody of passengers and other tickets.
in railway travelling, or otherwise by affording means, of ready.
examination, manipulation, or operation upon examination or delivery,.
when (as is frequently the case): such passengers. are- unexpectedly
called upon; for those purposes, at the same time securing the tickets
from being lost by their being. placed: constantly under, the eyes and
hands of the passengers, or in any other-readily available. position.. For:
these purposes I use a case of suitable size and material furnished with
small springs, clips, or frames so as to hold the ticket securely until the:
same is drawn out.. This case is provided, with a strap, or elastic bandi

page_text: to allow of the case being fastened to the hand or the arm (where it
may be turned so as to hide the ticket), or to any other part of the
person as may be desirable; or as a pendant worn as an armlet or
bracelet or otherwise. It is also provided with button holes or other
appliances to allow of its being attached to an inner lining or other
part of a garment, where it may be kept when not in use and if
. preferred during travelling; and this case admits of a return or other
ticket being cut or clipped (when required) without withdrawal from
the case, and such case should be open on one side so as to facilitate
inspection, and if worn at the hand would materially hasten the
examination of tickets by merely extending the arm to the view of of
the railway officer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CLIPPING HORSES, SHEARING SHEEP, AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO REAPING AND MOWING MACHINES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Augustus Frederick
Elphinstone Dalrymple at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th September 1868.
I, GEORGE AUGUSTUS FREDERICK ELPHINSTONE DALRYMPLE, of Logie
Elphinstone, in the County of Aberdeen, North Britain, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
OR APPARATUS FOR CLIPPING HORSES, SHEARING SHEEP, AND OTHER SIMILAR
PURPOSES, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO REAPING AND MOWING
MACHINES," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in apparatus used for
shearing sheep and clipping horses whereby these operations are con-
ducted in a more rapid and efficient manner than hitherto, which
improved apparatus may also be applied to reaping and mowing
machines.
This apparatus as applied to the shearing of sheep and clipping of
horses consists of a revolving knife or knives, which may be circular or
in the form of segments of a circle. The knife or knives is or are placed
in a metal case, the edges of which are formed at the front or cutting

page_text: side into teeth or fingers. These teeth or fingers are blunt at the point,
but the inside edges are sharpened towards the inside of the case, so that
when the instrument is pushed forward by the operator, who holds the
machine by a handle, the hair or wool is divided by the teeth and cut by
the circular or segmental knife or knives, which revolve on an axis fitted
with a driving pulley actuated by a cord or band which passes through
the handle of the apparatus. To admit of this the handle is not fixed in
the same plane as the case but higher, much in the same manner as the
handle of a mason's trowel. The apparatus may be driven by hand or
motive power, and to admit of free action on the part of the operator the
driving band is carried by guide pulleys fixed in. the handle of the
machine, and may be made to pass round an intermediate pulley attached
to an elastic spring situated between the motion and the apparatus.
In reaping and mowing operations the corn or grass is cut by the
revolving knife or knives herein-before described in contradistinction to
reciprocating knives or cutters.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT- IRON HURDLES, GATES, AND FENCING
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Bayliss at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
June 1868.
I, WILLIAM BAYLISS, Senior Partner of the Firm of Bayliss, Jones,
and Bayliss, of Monmore Green, Wolverhampton, in the County of
Stafford, and Cannon Street, in the City of London, Iron Hurdle and
Fencing Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of my said
Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-
IRON HURDLES, GATES, AND FENCING," to be as follows (that is to say) :-
My improvements appertain to the description of hurdles, gates, or
fencing made with rectangular standards or other shaped standards, and
rectangular rails, and round or oval horizontal or vertical rails, and
consist in cutting the rails off to the length required, and remove as
much of the round part of the iron as to form a rectangular tenon and
shoulders, and by punching corresponding holes in the standards, or
bottom or other rail as may be required for receiving the rectangular
tenon so formed, they simply require to be rivetted or spread over on
the outer or extreme ends to complete the hurdle, gate, or fencing, to
which this mode of manufacture may be applied. The manner in which

page_text: I treat the end or ends of the round or oval formed rails, is by laying
the rail on a bed against a stop, and by means of a tool put in motion by
a crank or other equivalent means worked by steam or other convenient
power, so as to give to it a reciprocating motion, such tool being
elevated and the rail passed under it against the stop; the descent of
the tool will remove sufficient of the ordinary round or oval portion of
the iron to form the shoulder and rectangular tenon at the same time,
and this one tenon forms a guide for determining the exact position
of the tenon on the other end of the rod or rail, by placing it in an
open forked seat and pressing it forward by means of a spiral spring up
to a stop or gauge for the tool to descend and form the other tenon.
Some modifications of this plan may be required according to the
description of hurdles, fencing, or gates that may be required to be
made, in which this simple but sound principle of manufacture may
be applied.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WAIST SPRINGS FOR BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Elizabeth Jewel Nicoll and
Thomas Mark Ablett at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 22nd February 1868.
We, ELIZABETH JEWEL NICOLL, of Oxford Street, and THOMAS MARK
ABLETT, of High Holborn, Shoe Maker, both in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
WAIST SPRINGS FOR BOOTS AND SHOES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to improvements in the curved springs inserted
in the soles of boots and shoes for imparting an arched appearance to
the waist, and also increased flexibility.
The improvements consist in firmly riveting to one end of the
spring a copper or other metal plate, the edges of which we perforate
so as to facilitate the attachment of the plate and spring by stitching
to the inner sole, and between the inner and outer soles of the boot,
thus firmly securing the spring from displacement. The spring is
attached to the boot at the sole end of the waist, its other end being
unconfined except by the thicknesses of leather above and below it,
and bears upon the centre of the heel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR LIGHTING AND VENTILATING THE INTERIOR OF BUILDINGS COMBINING A DECORATIVE EFFECT
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Weston at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
31st March 1868.
I, JOHN HENRY WESTON, of Kennington Road, in the County of
Surrey, Gas Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR LIGHTING AND
VENTILATING THE INTERIOR OF BUILDINGS COMBINING A DECORATIVE EFFECT,"
to be as follows:-
My improvements are more particularly referable to lighting, venti-
lating, and decorating public halls or buildings, although they may be
applied as well to lighting and ventilating rooms generally.
According to my Invention I make an opening or openings in the
ceiling of the building or area to be lighted of suitable diameter, in which
I introduce a cone or cones formed of latticework, or otherwise perforated
and ornamented to suit the design of the ceiling, by which means the
opening is in a great measure concealed from view, and at same time
serves as an outlet for the heated air which passes out through the per-
forations in the cone and is conveyed away in any suitable manner.
From this cone I suspend a gaselier at one or more points consisting of

page_text: a pendant tube, at the lower end of which is arranged a number of
horizontal gas tubes, the lines of which form a floral or other design, by
preference around an oval or other shaped ring or centre, the whole
being suspended at such a distance from the ceiling as will give a
minimum of shadow according to the nature of the ornaments thereon,
the purpose being to illuminate the ceiling as much as possible. At the
salient points of the gaselier which, as above described, is formed of
horizontal tubes, I also place horizontal burners preferably of spray
form for the purpose of illuminating the apartment, and also make
a series of perforations along the sides of the tubes forming horizontal
gas jets which serve to display the design of the gaselier when, lighted.
The effect may be heightened by using cut glass lenses carried by the
central ring or mounted in the interstices between the tubes forming the
design of the gaselier, the tubes adjacent to such lenses being perforated
at top instead of at the side, so as to form vertical gas jets to illuminate
the lenses, or colored glass may be used with a similar object.
By such an arrangement of parts, as before described, I obtain a
highly decorative effect combined with the improvements in illuminating
and ventilating apparatus.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ANCHORS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ezra Padley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
September 1868.
I, EZRA PADLEY, of Tipton, in the County of Stafford, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ANCHORS,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described in
anchors.
In constructing anchors according to my Invention I make the stem
or stalk of the anchor shorter than usual, and I provide the said stem
with the ordinary ring, through which the cable is passed. I also make
the arms of the anchor straighter than usual, and in place of the ordinary
flukes at the ends of the arms I provide the said ends with enlargements.
The flukes or holding parts of the anchor I arrange on opposite sides of
the arms instead of at the ends of the arms, as is usual. I prefer to use a
series of three flukes on each side of the arms, one fluke at or near each
end of the arms where the enlargements are situated; and a third fluke
at the junction of the stalk or stem with the arms. The two series of
flukes or holding parts of the anchor described arc situated in planes at

page_text: right angles, or nearly at right angles, to the plane of the arms and stem
or stalk, the pointed parts of the flukes of one series projecting in an
opposite direction to those of the other series. When the anchor is
use one or other of the series of flukes or holding parts are lodged in
the earth.
By constructing anchors according to my Invention the holding
power of the anchor is increased, and there is no tendency of the
anchor to slip while in use. Further, the strain which in ordinary
anchors is confined to a portion of one of the arms is in anchors con-
structed according to my Invention distributed equally over the whole 1
of the arms.