IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WOVEN BAGS
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Whitelegge Naylor, of Brighouse, in the
County of York, Carpet Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WOVEN BAGS."
Sealed the 18th April 1871, and dated the 19th October 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Whitelegge.
Naylor at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 19th October 1870.
·I, JAMES WHITELEGGE NAYLOR, of Brighouse, in the County of York,
Carpet Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WOVEN BAGS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has especial reference to bags used in the extraction or .
expression of the oil from linseed or lintseed, or other oleaginous seeds
which heretofore have been made by folding a portion of woven fabric, -
and seaming or sewing the two sides together, and then closing one
end, thus forming a bag. Such bags also in order to the more easy.
removal thereof from the cake or solid portion or residuum of the seeds.

page_text: after the extraction or expression of the oil therefrom are made taper,
that is, wider at the top or open end than at the bottom or closed end
of the said bags.
Now, in order to save the time or costs of seaming or sewing the
two sides of a fabric together, and also with the object of producing
more permanent and neater bags, I weave the fabric to the form
required without any side seam by the process or method of what
is technically known as "double weaving," that is, by having the warp
threads arranged in two sets, both sets being under process of weaving
simultaneously, the shuttle passing the weft through each shed alter-
nately, thus two fabrics are produced one above the other yet joined
together at each selvage or side. In order to effect or produce the
required taper form of the bag I have the dents of the reed or the
reed wires placed nearer together in one of the sides of the reed frame
than in the other side according to the required taper of bag, or non-
parallel to each other. Then by causing the reed to have a gradual
and continuous rising and falling motion imparted to it when weaving
the warp threads are in like manner expanded or placed further apart
and contracted or placed nearer together so as to produce a fabric of
the varying width required. Or instead of the dents or wires being
thus fixed in the frame of the reed out of parallelism with each other
they may be loose or moveable therein, and a fork or grating may
be constructed with teeth or gratings non-parallel and applied to the
reed and operated in such manner as to cause the dents or reed wires
to expand and contract as aforesaid. Or other means may be adopted
to effect or produce the variation in width of the said bags.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James Whitelegge Naylor in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 19th April 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES 3
WHITELEGGE NAYLOR, of Brighouse, in the County of York, Carpet
Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of October, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty- 3

page_text: fourth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said James Whitelegge Naylor, Her special
licence that I, the said James Whitelegge Naylor, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said James Whitelegge Naylor,
5 my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WOVEN BAGS," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said James Whitclegge Naylor, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Whitelegge Naylor, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :-
This Invention has especial reference to bags used in the extraction
or expression of the oil from linseed or lintseed or other oleaginous seeds
which heretofore have been made by folding a portion of woven fabric,
and seaming or sewing the two sides together and then closing one end
thus forming a bag. Such bags also in order to the more easy removal
thereof from the cake or solid portion or residium of the seeds after the
extraction or expression of the oil therefrom are made taper, that is,
wider at the top or open end than at the bottom or closed end of the
said bags.
Now in order to save the time or costs of seaming or sewing the two
sides of a fabric together, and also with the object of producing more
permanent and neater bags, I weave the fabric to the form required*
without any side seam by the process or method of what is technically
known as "double weaving," that is, by having the warp threads
arranged in two sets, both sets being under process of weaving
simultaneously the shuttle passing the weft through each shed
alternately, thus two fabrics are produced one above the other yet.

page_text: joined together at each selvage or side. In order to effect or produce
the required taper form of the bag, I have the dents of the reed or
the reed wires placed nearer together in one of the sides of the reed
frame than in the other side, according to the required taper of bag or
non-parallel to each other. Then by causing the reed to have a
gradual and continuous rising and falling motion imparted to it when
weaving, the warp threads are in like manner expanded or placed
further apart and contracted or placed nearer together so as to produce
a fabric of the varying width required. Or instead of the dents or
wires being thus fixed in the frames of the reed out of parallelism
with each other they may be loose or moveable therein, and a fork
or grating may be constructed with teeth or gratings non-parallel and
applied to the reed and operated in such manner as to cause the dents or
reed wires to expand and contract as aforesaid; or other means may be
adopted to effect or produce the variation in width of the said bags.
In the performing or practical working out of this Invention the
ordinary weaver will readily understand how to gear up the harness or
healds, as the case may be, for " double weaving," also the most con-
venient means of expanding and contracting the warp to vary the
width of the bag, whether by having the dents of the reed arranged
non-parallel to each other or further apart on one side of the reed than
the other, and arranging the reed so that a gradual rising and lowering
motion may be given to it by suitable mechanism which any ordinary
mechanic will understand how to effect, or by having the dents loose
in the reed, and a fork or grate formed so that by a gradual lateral
movement of it the dents will be expanded or contracted as required, so
that the warp threads will be gradually expanded during the weaving of
a bag from its bottom to its top, and then as gradually contracted from
the top to the bottom of the next bag, the fabric being woven in con-
tinuous fabric comprising a series of bags which are afterwards cut off
or separated from each other, and the bottom ends sewn up and the top
ends hemmed in the usual manner.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the
inanner of performing or carrying the same into practical effect, I would
have it distinctly understood that I make no claim to double weaving
generally, and that I do not confine or restrict myself to the means.or
method of expanding and contracting the warp during the process of
weaving taper bags as herein described, but what I claim as my Invention,

page_text: is, the manufacture or production and use of bags for the purposes set
forth, woven in manner substantially as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Whitelegge Naylor, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of April,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.
one.
JAMES WHITELEGGE NAYLOR. (L.S.)
Signed, scaled, and delivered
by the within-named James
Whitelegge Naylor in the
presence of
H. A. SANDERS,
'
Bookkeeper to J. W. Naylor,
Brighouse.