Improvements in Apparatus or Means for Inducing an Interchange or Mutual Balance of Temperatures between Two Fluid Bodies.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 18th Apr., 1898
Complete Specification Left, 18th Jan., 1899-Accepted, 18th Feb., 1899
Improvements in Apparatus or Means for Inducing an Interchange or
Mutual Balance of Temperatures between Two Fluid Bodies.
I, SALOMON FRANK, of No. 4, Blucherplatz, Frankfort-on-the-Main, in the
Empire of Germany, Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my
invention to be as follows:
--
My invention relates to improvements in apparatus or means for introducing an
interchange or mutual balance of temperatures between two fluid bodies in which
pipes or tubes are employed which are corrugated helically both inside and outside.
I will first describe apparatus according to my invention designed for cooling
wort beer or the like.
Corrugated pipes are so arranged one above the other in a frame that the wort
to be cooled,. as it descends from a diffuser, trickles down in thin streams over the
outer surfaces of the said corrugated pipes. For ensuring the better uniformity
in the descending sheet of liquor, additional diffusers or distributing diaphragms
may be inserted between the series of pipes.
A smooth or plain pipe is preferably inserted into each corrugated pipe, such
pipe being closed in at both ends, and tightly adhering to the inner corrugations
of the said pipe, so that the cooling liquid such as spring water and ice water
admitted under pressure is compelled to follow the spirals of the pipes.
In all other respects the improved apparatus is constructed after the manner of
the well-known arrangements in which the cooling medium is supplied in the
form of showers.
A similar arrangement may be adopted for heating apparatus. In this case the
pipes should preferably be erected vertically, the currents of air or fluid to be
heated being caused to come in contact with the outer surface of such pipes, while
steam is sent into the interior of each pipe from a collecting or store-chamber, in
such a manner that it is obliged to follow the helical channels, while its con-
densation water is discharged through a bottom pipe.
Or the said inner pipes which are closed at their ends in the first example may
be left open at both ends, while the corrugated pipes would be closed at one end.
The fluid or steam will in that case enter the inner pipe, will rise within this pipe
and will then flow back along the helical grooves of the corrugated pipe, around
which either the air or other fluid to be heated freely circulates.
Where it is desired to compel both fluids to take a spiral course around the
corrugated pipe, another arrangement may be adopted. In this case the spirally
corrugated pipe is enclosed between smooth-walled pipes both within and without,
so that there are formed two spiral channels, one outside and the other inside the
said corrugated pipe.
In this arrangement-which is especially adapted for cooling liquids or for
condensing steam or vapours, one fluid (such as ice water) is admitted into the
apparatus and caused to flow through the interior of the corrugated. pipe, and is
then discharged through the inner pipe, whereas the other fluid (say, condensed
steam) enters at the opposite end, flows through the outer spiral of the corrugated

page_text: pipe and discharges at the end where the cooling medium, for example, entered.
This method of cooling by means of opposite currents will be found very effective,
though it will be readily understood that the same arrangement might also serve
for heating liquids or gases.
101
0
+1 1000
:
Improvements in Apparatus or Means for Inducing an Interchange or
Mutual Balance of Temperatures between two Fluid Bodies.
I, SALOMON FRANK, of No. 4, Blücherplatz,. Frankfort-on-the-Main, in the
Empire of Germany, Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement;-
-
My invention relates to improvements in apparatus or means for inducing an
interchange or mutual balance of temperature between two fluid bodies and consists
of arrangements in which pipes or tubes are employed which are corrugated
helically both inside and outside.
. I will describe with reference to the accompanying drawings arrangements of
apparatus according to my invention. Figure 1 represents in sectional elevation
an arrangement intended more particularly for cooling wort, beer, or the like.
In this apparatus corrugated pipes a are so arranged horizontally one above
another in a frame that the wort or the like to be cooled, as it descends from a
perforated tray or diffuser b trickles down in thin streams over the outer surfaces
of the said corrugated pipes. For ensuring uniformity in the descending sheet
of liquor, additional diffusers or distributing diaphragms, may be inserted between
the series of horizontal corrugated pipes a as shewn for instance at bl.
A smooth or plain pipe or chamber is preferably provided in each corrugated
pipe, such pipe or chamber e being in contact with the inner corrugations of the
pipe a, so that the cooling liquid such as spring water and ice water admitted
under pressure at d and e respectively is compelled to follow the spiral passages
through the pipes a.
In all other respects the improved apparatus is constructed after the manner of
the well known arrangements in which the cooling medium is supplied in the
form of showers.
Figure 2 illustrates an arrangement which may be employed for heating pur-
poses. In this arrangement the pipes a are preferably placed vertically, the
currents of air or fluid to be heated being caused to come in contact with the outer
surface of such pipes, while steam is admitted to the interior of each pipe a from
a pipe fin connection with the source of steam supply. The steam admitted to
each corrugated pipe a is obliged to follow the helical passage therein while water
of condensation is conveyed away by a pipe or passage with which the lower
ends of the pipes a communicate.
The pipe c which in the arrangements Figures 1 and 2 is closed at its ends is in
the arrangements illustrated in Figures 3 and 4 open at both ends, while the
corrugated pipes a are closed at one end. In the arrangement shewn in Figure 3
the heating fluid enters the pipe c at h and rising within this pipe passes out at
top into the helical passage in the interior of the pipe a down which it flows in
contact with the exterior surface of the pipe C into a chamber C¹ at the bottom
and is discharged therefrom through a cock C². Air or other fluid to be heated is
caused to impinge against the exterior surface of the corrugated pipe a.

page_text: In case it be desired to compel both the heating fluid, and the fluid to be heated,
to take a helical course along the corrugated pipe a, the said pipe is enclosed
between the internal smooth pipe c and an outer pipe or casing as shewn in
Figure 4 so that there are formed two spiral channels one outside and the other
inside the said corrugated pipe ".
In this arrangement Figure 4 which is especially adapted for cooling liquids or
for condensing steam or vapours, one fluid (such as ice-water) is admitted into
the apparatus at k and caused to flow through the interior of the corrugated pipe
and is then discharged through the inner pipe c whereas the other Huid (say,
condensed steam) enters at the opposite end at flows along the outer groove of
the corrugated pipe a and discharges at m at the end where the cooling medium,
entered. This method of cooling by means of opposite currents will be found very
effective, though it will be readily understood that the same arrangement might
also serve for heating liquids or gases and the direction in which the fluids pass
through the pipes may be the reverse of that described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. Apparatus for inducing an interchange or mutual balance of temperature
between two fluids, the characteristic feature of which apparatus is a pipe, corru-
gated helically both internally and externally, one of the fluid bodies being caused
to circulate or flow in the interior helical corrugation, the other fluid being caused
to flow in or impinge against the exterior corrugation or surface substantially as
hereinbefore described.
2. In an apparatus for inducing an interchange or mutual balance of tem-
perature between two fluids the combination with a pipe corrugated helically both
internally and externally, of a pipe or chamber, such as c or its equivalent, arranged
in the corrugated pipe a to cause the fluid admitted into the interior of the corru-
gated pipe to follow the direction of the inner helical grooves of the pipe
substantially as herein before described.
3. In an apparatus for inducing an interchange or mutual balance of tempera-
ture between two fluids the combination with a pipe corrugated helically both
inside and outside, of a tube in the interior of the corrugated pipe, through which
inner tube one of the fluids is caused to flow, and therefrom into the inner helical
groove in the corrugated pipe or vice versa so that the said fluid traverses both
pipes or tubes in succession substantially as hereinbefore described.
4. In an apparatus for inducing an interchange of temperature between two
fluids the combination with a pipe corrugated helically both internally and exter-
nally, of an outer tube or casing enclosing the corrugated pipe, a plain pipe in the
interior of the corrugated pipe, and means for causing one of the fluids to flow
through the inner pipe into and through the internal helical groove in the corru-
gated pipe or vice versa and the other fluid to flow through the outer pipe or casing
and the external helical groove in the corrugated pipe substantially as hereinbefore
described.
5. The several combinations of parts constituting apparatus or means for
inducing an interchange or mutual balance of temperature between two fluids
substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated by the accompanying
drawings.