IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING, LOWERING, ENGAGING, AND DISENGAGING SHIPS' BOATS AND OTHER BODIES
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Cordy Baxter, of Abchurch Lane, in the
City of London, Architect, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR RAISING, LOWERING, ENGAGING, AND DISENGAGING SHIPS'
BOATS AND OTHER BODIES."-A Communication from abroad by Arthur
T 11
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Cordy Baxter
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 16th June 1873.
I, ROBERT CORDY BAXTER, of Abchurch Lane, in the City of London,
5 Architect, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING, LOWERING, ENGAGING, AND DISENGAGING
SHIPS' BOATS AND OTHER BODIES," communicated to me from abroad by
Arthur Crouch Folkard, of Trincomalee, in the Island of Ceylon, to be as
follows:-
For raising and lowering boats the boat is suspended from the davits
by single blocks and falls, which for heavy boats may be made of wire

page_text: and hemp. The falls are brought through an arrangement of blocks
side by side on deck below the bulwarks, and passed through a brake
block, by which they are secured when the boat is hoisted. The falls
are united at their extremities so that they as it were form or act as a
single rope with a hook at the end. A hydraulic ram is used; its head t
carries the moveable block of chain tackle, the stationary block of which
is fixed to the base plate. The number of its tackle sheaves is equal to
the maximum fall of the boat divided by the stroke of the ram. Small
pipes with stop-cocks lead from the ram cylinder to the bulwarks near
each boat, and the ram cylinder and fire engine are in communication. I
If the single falls are used without the hydraulic gear, the boats may be
raised and lowered by simply adjusting the hook to deck tackle, but
when the complete apparatus is employed the end of the combined falls
is passed through a snatch block, which acts as a fair leader, and is
hooked to the chain of the hydraulic ram. The screw of the brake
block is released to throw the weight of the boat upon the water in the
ram. A stop-cock being opened the boat descends, the speed being
regulated and its descent stopped by the control of the stop-cock.
The boat is raised by reversing the operation, water being pumped
into the ram cylinder by the fire engine, whereby the whole weight of
the men is utilized instead of only a small proportion, as at present.
By connections with the donkey engine the power may be applied for
hauling off a boat when stranded, starting foul anchors, raising heavy
guns, and raising and lowering other bodies.
For rapidly securing and releasing the boats to and from the davits
and covers or tarpaulins, arms are hinged or jointed one to each davit,
level with the gunwale of the boat when fully hoisted. The arms are
supported also from the davit head, and are notched to catch upon
either gunwale for preventing lateral motion. Stops on the gunwale
prevent longitudinal motion. The boat when lowered falls clear of tho
The boat at the part beyond the stem and stern falls is provided
with small removeable covers. The main cover is attached to bars bent
to correspond with the contour of the boat, and fixed to rods hinged to
the arms.
A rope or chain passes from either bar through a block
suspended from the chain or bar connecting the davit heads, and when
it is hauled on from the deck the bars are raised vertically over the
longitudinal centre of the boat, and the cover, tarpaulin, or canvas is
arms.

page_text: hauled up between them, leaving the boat free for the men to enter and
clear for the descent. The same arrangement is adopted in like manner
for other bodies.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Robert Cordy Baxter in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 16th December 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ROBERT
CORDY BAXTER, of Abchurch Lane, in the City of London, Architect,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of June, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the thirty-
sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Robert Cordy Baxter, Her special license,
that I, the said Robert Cordy Baxter, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Robert Cordy Baxter, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agrec with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the.
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,.
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS.
IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING, LOWERING, ENGAGING, AND DISENGAGING SHIPS' BOATS
AND OTHER BODIES," a communication to me from abroad by Arthur
Crouch Folkard, of Trincomalee, in the Island of Ceylon, upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Robert Cordy Baxter, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my,
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in
the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Robert Cordy Baxter, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and·

page_text: by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the accom-
panying Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is
to say :-
For raising and lowering boats the boat is suspended from the davits
by single blocks and falls, which for heavy boats may be made of wire
and hemp. The falls are brought through an arrangement of blocks
side by side on deck below the bulwarks and passed through a brake
block, by which they are secured when the boat is hoisted. The falls
are united at their extremities so that they as it were form or act as a
single rope with a hook at the end. A hydraulic ram is used; its head
carries the moveable block or chain tackle, the stationary block of which
is fixed to the base plate. The number of its tackle sheaves is equal to
the maximum fall of the boat divided by the stroke of the ram. Small
pipes with stop-cocks lead from the ram cylinder to the bulwarks near
each boat, and the ram, cylinder, and fire engine are in communication.
If the single falls are used without the hydraulic gear the boats may be
raised and lowered by simply adjusting the hook to deck tackle, but
when the complete apparatus is employed the end of the combined falls
is passed through a snatch block, which acts as a fair leader, and is
hooked to the chain of the hydraulic ram. The screw of the brake block
is released to throw the weight of the boat upon the water in the ram.
A stop-cock being opened the boat descends, its speed being regulated
and its descent stopped by the control of the stop-cock.
The boat is raised by reversing the operation, water being pumped
into the ram cylinder by the fire engine, where the whole weight of the
men is utilized, instead of only a small proportion as at present.
By connections with the donkey engine the power may be applied for
hauling off a ship when stranded, starting foul anchors, raising heavy
guns, and raising and lowering other bodies.
For rapidly securing and releasing the boats to and from the davits
and covers or tarpaulins arms are hinged or jointed, onc to each davit,
level with the gunwale of the boat hen fully hoisted; the arms are
supported also from the davit head, and are notched to catch upon either
gunwale for preventing lateral motion. Stops on the gunwale prevent
longitudinal motion. The boat when lowered falls clear of the arms.
The boat at the part beyond the stem and stern falls is provided with
small removeable covers; the main cover is attached to bars bent to

page_text: correspond with the contour of the boat, and fixed to rods hinged to the
arms. A rope of chain passes from either bar through a block suspended
from the chain or bar connecting the davit heads, and when it is hauled
on from the deck the bars are raised vertically over the longitudinal
centre of the boat, and the cover, tarpaulin, or canvas is hauled up
between them, leaving the boat free for the men to enter and clear for
the descent. The same arrangement is adopted in like manner for other
bodies.

page_text: davit head, though sometimes the ordinary tackle may be used. The
pendants pass over the wheels C which are fixed to the bulwark rail and
through the ships' deck, any leakage being prevented by iron stand
pipes D. Below in line with these pipes are fixed to the deck beams
wheels E, which lead the pendant ropes of each boat so as to clear the
deck beams in the direction shewn by the lines x¹, x², x³, Figure 1, until
they reach the double grooved wheels F. Passing round them in pairs
they traverse the ship till they reach similarly grooved wheels G, by
which they are led fore and aft (see Figure 1). At a determined length
the two pendants of each single boat are joined in one, and then to an
iron hook H, which is furnished with a screw shank for taking up slack,
or sometimes the pendant may be united to a single chain at a point
sufficiently distant from the wheels E to admit of the full length of fall
without the chain entering the wheel E. At or about points K. below
the deck each pair of pendants pass through a separate brake or com-
pressor (to be hereafter described), whereby the boats are held up when

page_text: The Drawings indicate a ram with 3 feet stroke, multiplied by the
purchase eight times so as to give a fall of 28 feet, but a longer stroke
is sometimes used with a purchase of the same or fewer combinations to
suit particular cases. After passing the last pulley O* of the purchase
the chain passes the fair leading wheel R, and is thus brought opposite
to the leading wheels G of the boat pendants, towards which it travels
on rollers below the deck beams. The press of the hydrostatic purchase
is in communication at will by a pipe S with the ship's fire-engine or
other forcing pumps, as also by the pipe T with a point of discharge
into the waste box k which is situated below the hollow bridge column X.
This pipe T is furnished with a stop-cock V, by which the discharge of
water from the press can be regulated. This stop-cock is opened or shut
by a rod W, which passes up the hollow supporting pillar X of the
bridge and through a hollow brass standard Y above the bridge, where
it terminates in a lever handle Z. Each pair of pendants pass through
brakes or compressors at or about points marked K, Fig. 1. These
brakes or compressors are shewn in detail at Figures 15 and 16. a, a, in
those Figures are two hard wood blocks, across which when rope pendants
are used are laid sections of hemp or other fibrous rope secured by
passing over stout pins in the sides of the blocks, not shewn in the
Drawings. For chain pendants an ordinary compressor stop is fitted
to the upper block. Between the upper and lower blocks when separated
the pendant ropes pass freely. The lower block is carried on a metal
plunger b, which passes (through a leather collar, washer, or diaphragm)
into the cylinder c. This cylinder is bolted to a framework of plate
iron d, which is secured to the under side or other portion of the deck
beams e, e.
The upper block is attached to a screwed rod e, which
works in a female screw in the casting fand terminates above the deck
in a hand wheel K secured from indiscriminate use by a chain and
padlock. This screw serves to regulate the fixed position of the upper
block a, or as an alternative means of releasing the brakes if required.
Strain on the compressor blocks is borne by one or more guide rods 9,
which pass thro' the centre of both blocks. The travel upwards of the
plunger is determined by a projecting ring on its base at h, stopping
against the shoulder of the collar groove. A pipe leads from the
cylinder c to the waste box k, and in this the pipes from all the brakeş
meet, and are led upwards into a copper ball 1, into which water can be
thrown by any convenient forcing pump. Stop-cocks m are provided in
each pipe, and below them at n each pipe is in addition furnished with a

page_text: discharge cock worked by rods o passing up thro' a hollow column X
and a hollow standard Y to the bridge. The waste box / is provided
with doors for ready access as indicated by the dotted lines. The top of
the standard Y carries a lever p in connection with the rod o of each
discharge cock (as shewn on plan in Figure 13), and has a glass plate
illuminated at night, on which can be read the name of the boat to
which each lever applies. Each lever p is furnished at an intermediate
point between its handle and its fulcrum with a chain q, passing into
the hollow standard Y, and attached near the base of the latter to a
loose ring r.
8 is a foot lever hinged to the wall of the standard at t,
and an iron rod v passes through it in a line with the centre of the ring r,
to which the two ends of the rod are secured. Sometimes only a single
discharge cock is used for discharging the water in order to release all
the brakes or compressors simultaneously, all their cylinders being in
connection by piping n', Fig. 1. The operation of releasing individual
brakes is then performed by the screw and hand wheel K.
In some cases brakes or compressors are used independent of hydro-
static gear. In such cases the upper of the two blocks a is permanently
bolted, and the lower block is screwed up against it by the hand wheel K
and rod e, the latter being extended through a fixed female screw in the
lower block. Sometimes also corresponding curved channels, waves, or
grooves are cut in the upper and lower blocks to increase when necessary
the compression of the rope.
In Figures 8 and 9 a serrated iron plate w is shown in elevation and
section fixed just below the purchase chain Q (as in Figure 8) at some
point near its fair leader wheel R.
Figures 3, 17, and 18 show at x in side elevation, plan, and end view
iron gripes notched to receive the gunwales of the boat, and so prevent
lateral movement. They are hinged on brackets y bolted or otherwise
secured to the davits, and have on their faces a wooden roller z to take
the friction of the pendant.
I sometimes extend the notches above referred to so that they may
serve as guides for larger boats, as shewn by dotted lines at a¹, a',
Figure 3.
The gripes are held permanently in position by standing rigging b¹,
Figures 3 and 17.

page_text: To the rear of each gripe and over the transverse centre of the
boat are hinged two arms c¹ which extend over either gunwale, as
shewn, and are there connected with iron or wooden bars & which
are bent to the swell of gunwale line on either side, and extend the
whole distance between the gripes x.
To these bars d is attached
the main canvas cover of the boat g, which is extended over the
gripes x, as shewn at h¹, and secured by running rings to cords and
loops which are placed over turning pins working loose in the
boat gunwale; is an opening left in those parts of the covers h¹
through which the pendants pass. Small separate covers k¹ are
secured by similar side pins over the stem and stern of the boat.
A brail rope is rove from the centre of the cover which it sustains
through the middle sheave of the three-way pulley f. To either
arm d¹ and at their longitudinal centre are fixed two ropes e¹, Figures
3 and 18, which are passed upwards through the two side sheaves of
the three-way pulley f¹, Figures 18 and 19. At a convenient point
these two side ropes e¹ and the centre brail rope are united to
form a single line m³, which then passes through a block f" to the
3311
Ppwwww
To the rear of each gripe and over the transverse centre of the
boat are hinged two arms c¹ which extend over either gunwale, as
shewn, and are there connected with iron or wooden bars & which
are bent to the swell of gunwale line on either side, and extend the
whole distance between the gripes x. To these bars & is attached
the main canvas cover of the boat g, which is extended over the
gripes x, as shewn at h¹, and secured by running rings to cords and
loops which are placed over turning pins working loose in the
boat gunwale; is an opening left in those parts of the covers h¹
through which the pendants pass. Small separate covers k¹ are
secured by similar side pins over the stem and stern of the boat.
A brail rope is rove from the centre of the cover which it sustains
through the middle sheave of the three-way pulley f. To either
arm d¹ and at their longitudinal centre are fixed two ropes e¹, Figures
3 and 18, which are passed upwards through the two side sheaves of
the three-way pulley f¹, Figures 18 and 19. At a convenient point
these two side ropes e¹ and the centre brail rope are united to
form a single line m³, which then passes through a block f" to the
deck.
Figure 20 is a side view, and Figure 21 a plan of spring buffer
rods to prevent a boat being damaged against a ship's side by a
rolling motion during hoisting or lowering. o' is a metal ring turning
freely in a socket made to receive it in the gunwale of the boat
opposite both pendants, and at right angles to a line between them.
An iron or ashen rod p¹ passes freely through this ring, and is long
enough to extend a foot or 18 inches (according to the weight of
the boat) beyond the extreme line of gunwale of the latter. This
rod also passes free through the two ends of a metal frame q², and
is extended through a link of chain in the pendant; it is furnished
at one end with a traveller or roller, as shewn in the Drawing. At
is secured solid to the rod a metal collar, between which and the
inner end of the metal frame is a stout spiral or helical spring 8¹,
through the centre of which the rod p¹ passes. Two such buffer rods
are carried in the boat when their use is likely to be required, or are
lowered into it when coming alongside. The rings o¹ which play loose
up and down the rod p¹ and are only guides throwing no strain on the
gunwale, are then placed by their stems in the sockets in the gunwale,
the rods being run out and then pushed back through the links of

page_text: the two pendants till the inner ends of the frames q' bear against the
latter.
When the boat swings the travellers on the rods p¹ strike the ship's
side, and through the collars transmit the blow to the springs 8¹,
the diminished force being expended on the chains of the pendants.
The travellers are made sufficiently wide to avoid danger of their
entering any port whilst rolling up or down the ship's side during
the ascent or descent of the boat. The apparatus is thus worked
premising that the hook H of each pair of pendants is always kept
hooked on to any convenient link of the purchase chain, the press
cylinder M full of water with the ram at top of stroke, and the
brake cylinders c fully charged with water so as to hold the pendant
ropes secure between the two blocks a. On a sudden order for any
boat or boats to be lowered the crews rush to them and either raise
the main covers by hand or if not too hurried pull upon the line m³,
Figure 18, which raises the arm d and brails the main cover between
them to the position shewn in Figure 18. The flaps ¹ are by the
same movement slipped off the turning pins 2, the small end covers
being left in the boats for after removal if required; or the boat can
first be lowered sufficiently below the cover to allow of the crew
entering her. When the crew are in, the officer on the bridge with
one hand depresses the lever or levers p of the particular boat or boats
upon which the discharge cock or cocks n are opened, the water thus
escaping from the cylinders c of that or those particular brakes. The
rams with the lower blocks a then fall, being aided in doing so by
the spring of the pendant ropes downwards. The pendant ropes are
then held only by the purchase chain, and the weight of the boat or
boats is thus thrown upon the water in the press. With the other
hand the officer then operates the lever Z, which by the rod W opens
the discharge cock Y of the hydrostatic press, and by regulating the
escape of water from it permits of the fall of the ram under the
pressure brought upon its purchase chain by the weight of the boats.
These fall out of their gripes x, and their descent is under absolute
control by the discharge cock V, thus enabling the officer on the bridge
to regulate the descent or arrest it altogether.
In the event of an emergency demanding the simultaneous lowering
of all the boats the officer on the bridge places his weight on the treadle
lever 8, by so doing depressing the ring r, which through the chains q³.

page_text: draws down all the levers p, thus releasing all the boat brakes simul-
taneously. To keep the pendant ropes of unlowered boats in position
whilst the purchase chain Q pays out, and to allow the latter to remain
free for hoisting, the stop plate w is fixed in such a position below the
chain Q that those ropes which slack as the purchase chain pays out
falls into the serrations shown in the Drawings, and the loose hook or
hooks are thus withdrawn from the chain and stopped from accidental
paying out, as shewn in Figure 9.
If in a calm or
The operation of raising is performed as follows :—
quiet sea, and ship not rolling much, the pendant hook H is not
removed from the chain Q, but should the sea be rough, or the ship
rolling heavily, it is disconnected from the chain and hooked to the
travelling block of an ordinary rope purchase, laid parallel with the
chain, three or four men can then run up rapidly any slack produced
by the lift of the sea or roll of the ship, and hold the boat whilst the
hook is then connected with the purchase chain in any convenient
link. Sometimes the rope purchase above referred to is used for
the whole operations of lowering and raising in cases where the
hydrostatic purchase is not fitted. The forcing pump in connection
with the hydrostatic purchase M is then worked until by the upward
motion of the ram the boat is raised fairly hard up into the gripes x.
While this is being done the door in the waste box k is unlocked by
the responsible person and the stop-cock m immediately below the
force ball referring to the particular boat, the name of which is on an
enamelled plate in the handle, is opened. The discharge cock having
been closed, after lowering the boat, water is forced into the force ball
and through the open cock m and the pipe i into the brake cylinder c,
thus by the rise of the ram 6 compressing the pendants between the
upper and lower blocks a. The stop-cock m is then closed, and the
O waste box locked up. The cover of the boat, if it has been raised, is
then lowered into position by the rope m', and the loops of the cover
flaps are passed over the reversing pins i.
The number of boats which can be hoisted simultaneously depends
solely on the strength given to the purchase chain and the power
5 applied to the pumps; as example, the strain on the ram with an eight
fold purchase, as above described, required to raise a boat weighing with
her crew 16 hundredweight is, after allowance for friction of pulleys
and ram collar, 19 tons, and 4 men exerting their own weight only,

page_text: and working plump plungers of three inches diameter and a leverage
of 5 on the handles can apply a power of twenty-two tons on the ram.
With double action pumps, the flow of water being unbroken, the
upward motion of the boat is steady and continuous, whilst the union
of the two pendants ensures a level keel, both in hoisting and lowering,
the speed of the ram being multiplied eight-fold by the purchase; the
boats rise at a corresponding rate. After the boat is hoisted and
secured by the compressors should the ram not have been fully raised
during the lifting of the boat the pendant hook H is removed from the
chain Q, whilst the ram is pumped up to full stroke ready for the next
occasion. All the pendant hooks are then replaced in the chain and
slack taken up by their screwed shanks. The hydrostatic purchase
may be further utilized for many purposes on board ship. It is some-
times employed as an elastic bitt for the cable when riding head to
wind in a heavy sea. For this purpose the moveable block of any
suitable purchase is attached to any convenient part of the cable in-
board, connecting the rope or chain of such purchase with the chain Q
of the hydrostatic purchase, when at full stroke; t¹, Figure 5, is a pipe
and stop-cock, which opens communication with any air vessel of about
the same internal capacity as the press cylinder. As the ship rides
upon her cable the pressure brought upon the ram forces the water
through the pipe t into the air vessel, and the air in it is correspondingly
compressed. As the ship eases her cable in pitching the air by re-
expansion forces the water back into the press, raising the ram, and so
taking up slack ready for the next strain. When so used the stop w,
Figure 8, is lowered by suitable gearing, so that the hooks H may be
retained in the chain ready for emergencies. It is also sometimes
employed for any purpose requiring power when raising or easy means
of controlling the descent of heavy weights. For such purposes I place
fair leader wheels for the chain Q.
3
Instead of using the gearing or wheel arrangement for multiplying
and increasing the stroke of the ram I sometimes use a ratchet and axle
with coiling drum, or other suitable mechanical arrangement may be used
for the purpose. Sometimes to gain the eight-fold purchase, and when
space is not a great object, a four-fold tackle may be suspended to a 3
chain fixed at one end and passing over a single pulley in the head of
the ram, so as to reduce friction.

page_text: When inconvenient to bring the pendant ropes and chains below the
deck the chain from the hydrostatic purchase can be led on to the
deck in order to be connected with the pendant ropes or chains.
For hauling off when stranded a chain may be attached to a hook in
the ram head at v¹, Figures 4, 5, and 7, and thus through any fair
leader use the full power of the ram direct. That initial power with a
ram of twelve inches diameter and a pressure of three tons only on the
circular inch would amount to four hundred and thirty-two tons, which
could be multiplied to any desired extent by purchases.
If the apparatus be used in very cold climates or frigid regions the
water can be contained in and drawn from a tank containing salts or
agents which are non-conductors of cold or prevent rapid freczing or
congelation.
The hydrostatic purchases may be fixed either vertically, as shewn in
the Drawing, or horizontally between decks.
Among the advantages of this Invention may be mentioned
That on emergency all the boats of a ship can be individually or
collectively lowered without preparation, and under such complete
contol that a child could suddenly arrest the descent of all collectively.
And as the maximum opening of the discharge cock only admits under
the weight of all the boats of a certain rate of discharge a safe speed
in descent can never be exceeded.
That the foregoing advantage is dependant on any one man only in.
the ship retaining his presence of mind, and even he could descend with
the boats by pulling the lever Z by a line when in one of the boats.
That the controlling gear being situated on the bridge it is
immediately in charge of the officer of the watch, and without his
consent no boat in the ship can be lowered. This is a special advantage
in emigrant or troop ships, where the crew have in some cases been
known to seek their own safety only.
That by the use of such a lever as the handle of a pump men can in
raising it exert a force of fully twice their weight, and in forcing it
downwards of their full weight; therefore great increased power is
gained over the present system of hauling, whereby it is doubtful if the

page_text: average of the men employed can exert much more than one-third of their
weight.
The number of hands required for hoisting is thus largely reduced,
a great gain in ships which carry but few men.
Moreover increase of power by lengthening the levers of a pump is
gained without increase of friction, such as largely accompanies any
system of block purchase.
That a perfectly clastic bitt is gained for the cable when required,
an advantage which will be appreciated by all nautical men.
That great and easily controlled power is gained for all operations of
raising or lowering heavy weights, such as guns or deck boats, sending
down or lifting top masts or yards, and other similar purposes.
That means are provided for applying the greatest known natural
power for hauling off when stranded, and this may be increased almost
practically without limit.
The small space occupied for the results gained, the ram being only
one foot in diameter and standing vertically between decks.
Although I have particularly described the application of the
Invention to ships' boats it may be applied in like manner with obvious
adaptations to other heavy bodies.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same may be performed, I declare that I claim,—
First. The employment of the hydrostatic press and its arrangements,
substantially in the manner and for the purposes described.
Secondly. The employment of the hydrostatic and screw brakes,
either in combination or separately, with the valve gearing for their
separate or collective working, substantially in the manner and for the
several purposes above described.
Thirdly. The employment of single pendants instead of tackles for
suspending the boats whilst being lowered or hoisted, and the method
by which they are led through the deck to one universal lowering
point, and are united so as to insure a level keel when hoisting and
lowering, substantially as above described.
Fourthly. The employment of the metal gripes, substantially in the
manner and for the purposes above described.

page_text: Fifthly. The arrangement for covering the boats, substantially in the
manner and for the purposes described.
Sixthly. The employment of the serrated stop for withdrawing the
loose pendant hooks of unlowered boats, substantially in the manner
above described.
Seventhly. The employment of spring buffer rods in the manner
and for the purposes above described.
Eighthly. The general arrangement and combination of parts con-
stituting the improved apparatus herein-before described for the purposes
set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Robert Cordy Baxter, have
hereunto set my hand and scal, this Twelfth day of December,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
seventy-three.
Witness.
E. DE PASS,
68, Fleet Street,
London.
ROBT. C. BAXTER. (LS.)