Improvements in or relating to Nozzles for Spraying or Distributing Liquids.
Year: 1897

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Nozzles for Spraying or Distributing
Liquids.
I, JAMES ANGUS WATSON, residing at No. 1454 Howard Avenue, Washington,
District of Columbia, U.S.A., Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to spraying nozzles for spraying or spreading liquids for any
purpose and is particularly applicable for sprinkling lawns. The object of the
invention is to produce a spraying nozzle which is simple and cheap in construction,
effective in operation and which is durable, having no parts which are liable to
wear or become easily damaged. To these ends the improved sprayer consists of
two parts which are connected by a suitable joint, preferably screw-threaded, and
one of which parts may be attached directly to a hose or directly to any fountain
or sprayer stand. One of the parts of my sprayer is a circular or cylindrical
casing having a circular opening in the top. This part is generally made of thin
metal drawn or stamped into shape. The other part is preferably a hollow casting,
which I will term the core of the sprayer, having at its upper end a tapered or
cone-shaped tip which projects through the opening in the top of the casing and
having at its lower end a coupling section adapted to be screwed directly on a hose
or stand. The tip of the core is preferably conical, having a base larger than the
opening in the casing and having its upper portion projecting through and nearly
filling said opening. The apex of the cone preferably extends some distance above
the casing and is provided with one or more perforations to produce a central jet
or jets. An annular chamber is thus formed between the base of the cone and
the top of the casing which I will term a rotation chamber and the water is pro-
jected from this chamber through the annular opening. Suitable passages are
provided leading from the chamber within the core to the rotation chamber adapted
to admit water to the latter chamber and give it a rapid rotary movement therein.
My improved sprayer is usually formed of two parts, a core and a surrounding
casing. In a simple form the lower end of the core is in the form of an ordinary
hose coupling. Above the coupling is a central chamber and at the upper end of
the core is a tapering or cone-shaped tip. The outer casing is circular, its lower
end is connected to the outside of the coupling portion by a threaded joint, and
there is a circular opening in its upper end in which the tip is centrally located,
thus forming a narrow annular outlet. Between the tip and the casing there is an
annular rotation chamber and there are a plurality of passages leading from the
inner chamber to the outer chamber and adapted to give the water a rapid rotary
movement in said latter chamber. To facilitate the boring of the passages suitable
projections are cast upon the core. The base of the tip is preferably larger than the
opening in the casing and situated some distance below the opening. From the
base the tip tapers through the opening, nearly filling it, and it preferably extends
some distance above, having its sharp point cnly removed. A small perforation
at the apex provides for a central jet which enhances the effect of the sprayer.

page_text: The operation of all of the forms of the sprayer is practically the same and may
be readily understood. The coupling part is attached directly to a hose, or to any
suitable fountain or stand, and water under pressure is admitted to the central
chamber. This water issues through the passages and revolves rapidly in the outer
chamber. The passages are in the aggregate larger than the annular outlet and
hence the water in the outer annular chamber will be nearly under the same
pressure as the water in the inner chamber. The water therefore issues with great
force from the annular outlet and it will be sprayed outwards and upwards. If
the water were not rotated in the outer chamber it would be propelled from the
annular opening directly to the centre of the tip and it would there interfere and
would not spread properly but by giving the water sufficient rotation it is thrown
off the centre, and it is free to be projected to a considerable distance horizontally.
The water is thrown partly by centrifugal force but chiefly by the direct pressure
in the outer chamber, and to aid in directing the water properly, the cone-shaped
tip is larger within the opening of the casing than at the opening and the walls of
the tip and the casing converge toward the annular outlet.
The tip is preferably made in the form of a cone, in which case the water will
separate before reaching the apex of the cone and the apex will be dry. I prefer to
form one or more small openings in the apex to enhance the effect of the spray and
for the purpose of effectually wetting the ground immediately surrounding the
sprayer when used as a lawn sprinkler. If the apex of the cone be removed, the
result will not be very seriously affected, but I have found that a portion of
the cone extending above the casing will increase the angle of elevation of the stream
and assist in braking up the water so that it will fall quite uniformly at all points
within the radius of operation. As above stated a perfect cone is the most desirable
shape for the tip but it may be flattened or rounded somewhat without materially
affecting the operation.
A modification of the invention consists of a construction in which the water
passes from the central chamber through lateral openings to an outer chamber and
from the latter chamber it passes to the rotation chamber through spiral passages
cut in the edge of the tip. The operation of this form of sprayer is the same as that
of the one already described.
In other modifications, the water may pass from the central chamber through
openings to an outer annular chamber, and from this chamber it passes through
passages to an equalizing chamber. The passages may be formed by the over-
lapping ends of flanges and they are arranged to rotate the water in the equalizing
chamber. There is a contracted throat or passage between this chamber and the
rotation chamber. It is found that unless the pressure of the water is equal all
around the rotation chamber the spray will not issue uniformly from the outlet
and it is found further that with but one or two tangential inlets the spray will not
be uniform unless means be provided to equalise the pressure about the annular
outlet. By directing the water first into the equalising chamber and then through
the annular throat I effectually equalise the pressure and obtain a uniform spray.
The outer edge of the flanges preferably fit closely to the casing and water is only
permitted to pass through the passages between their overlapping ends. In these
forms the coupling portion is the same as already described for the first construction.
The tip may be a truncated cone but the rotation chamber is preferably the same as
in the other modifications, i.e. formed between the top of the casing and the base
of the cone shaped tip.
In another modification there may be a coupling cast integral with the outer
casing the water being admitted directly from the coupling to the outer annular
chamber. The core and cone may be cast hollow and water admitted through an
opening to supply the central jet or jets. A pin suitably connected to the core may
be provided to hold the nozzle in an upright position.
In the various forms of the invention the casings are adjustable upon the cores.
When the nozzle is used purely as a lawn sprayer it will be found to work very well
under all pressures with a uniform opening and no adjustment will be necessary.

page_text: But when used as a nozzle to hold in the hand it is convenient to make the spray
fine or coarse as desired or to shut the water off completely. This can be accom-
plished simply by turning the casing to the right or left, thus varying the annular
opening or closing it completely. When the opening is very small the spray will be
very fine and when it is larger the spray will be coarser.
It will
The various forms may be used as nozzles to be held in the hand for sprinkling
purposes but when designed for such use the cone shaped tips should be elongated
and the angle of the cone correspondingly reduced so as to throw the water away
from the operator. In general the angle of elevation at which the water is dis-
charged depends on the angle of the cone and the speed of rotation.
increase as the sides of the cone become steeper and decrease as the speed of
rotation increases. By properly proportioning the various parts any desired angle
of elevation may be secured. I have found that when the angle of the apex of
the cone is 90 degrees the best results is obtained for ordinary lawn spraying pur-
poses. The water leaves the cone before reaching the apex thereof and hence the
cone may be truncated more or less if desired. As herein before stated I prefer to
use a perfect cone. The water from the annular opening will cling to the cone for
some distance above the opening and will then be thrown off in spray leaving the
tip of the cone free from water. The spray from the annular opening will not
therefore interfere with the jet openings in the top of the cone.
D
1
1 1005
BOULT & WADE,
Agents for the Applicant.
Improvements in or relating to Nozzles for Spraying or Distributing
Liquids.
I, JAMES ANGUS WATSON, residing at No. 1454 Howard Avenue, Washington,
District of Columbia, U.S.A., Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:
My invention relates to spraying nozzles for spraying or spreading liquids for any
purpose, and is particularly applicable for sprinkling lawns. The object of the
invention is to produce a spraying nozzle which is simple and cheap in construction,
effective in operation and which is durable, having no parts which are liable to
wear or become easily damaged. To these ends the improved sprayer consists of
two parts which are connected by a suitable joint, preferably screw-threaded. and
one of which parts may be attached directly to a hose or directly to any fountain
or sprayer stand. One of the parts of my sprayer is a circular or cylindrical
casing having a circular opening in the top. This part is generally made of thin
metal drawn or stamped into shape. The other part is preferably a hollow casting,
which I will term the core of the sprayer, having at its upper end a tapered or
cone-shaped tip which projects through the opening in the top of the casing and
having at its lower end a coupling section adapted to be screwed directly on a hose
or stand. The tip of the core is preferably conical, having a base larger than the
opening in the casing and having its upper portion projecting through and nearly
filling said opening. The apex of the cone preferably extends some distance above
the casing and is provided with one or more perforations to produce a central jet
or jets. An annular chamber is thus formed between the base of the cone and
the top of the casing which I will term a rotation chamber and the water is pro-
jected from this chamber through the annular opening. Suitable passages are

page_text: provided leading from the chamber within the core to the rotation chamber adapted
to admit water to the latter chamber and give it a rapid rotary movement therein.
The details of the construction and operation of the sprayer will now be described
in connection with the accompanying drawing, in which
Figure 1 is a perspective view of one form of the improved spraying nozzle
mounted upon a suitable stand.
Fig. 2 is a side view of the same nozzle, the casing being broken away to show the
interior.
Figs. 3, 4, 5 and 6 are side views of other forms of the invention, parts being
broken away to show the interior construction.
Fig. 7 is a section taken on the line 7-7 of Fig. 6, and
Fig. 8 is a plan view showing in diagram the direction taken by the water after
it is ejected from the nozzle.
My improved sprayer is usually formed of two parts, a core A and a surrounding
casing B. In Figs. 6 and 7 it is shown in its simplest form. In these figures the
lower end of the core A is in the form of an ordinary hose coupling 1. Above the
coupling is a central chamber a and at the upper end of the core is a tapering or
cone-shaped tip 2. The casing B is circular, its lower end is connected to the outside
of the coupling portion by a threaded joint 3, and there is a circular opening in its
upper end in which the tip 2 is centrally located, thus forming a narrow annular
outlet C. Between the tip and the casing there is an annular rotation chamber b
and there are a plurality of passages 4 leading from the chamber a to the chamber b
and adapted to give the water a rapid rotary movement in said latter chamber.
To facilitate the boring of the passages 4 suitable projections 5 are cast upon the
core A. The base of the tip 2 is preferably larger than the opening in the casing
and situated some distance below the opening. From the base the tip tapers through
the opening, nearly filling it, and it preferably extends some distance above, having
the sharp point only removed. A small perforation 6 at the apex provides for a
central jet which enhances the effect of the sprayer.
The operation of all of the forms of the sprayer shown in the drawing is practi-
cally the same and it may be readily understood from an inspection of Figs. G6, 7
and 8. The coupling 1 is attached directly to a hose, as shown in Fig. 3 or to any
suitable fountain or stand, and water under pressure is admitted to the chamber a.
This water issues through the passages 4 and revolves rapidly in the chamber_b.
The passages 4 are in the aggregate larger than the annular outlet C and hence the
water in the annular chamber 6 will be nearly under the same pressure as the water
in the chamber a. The water therefore issues with great force from the annular
outlet C and it will take the direction shown by the arrow lines d in Figs. 6 and 8.
If the water were not rotated in the chamber b it would be propelled from the
annular opening directly to the centre of the tip and it would there interfere and
would not spread properly; but by giving the water sufficient rotation it is thrown
off the centre, as shown in Fig. 8, and it is free to be projected to a considerable
distance horizontally. The water is thrown partly by centrifugal force but chiefly
by the direct pressure in the chamber b, and to aid in directing the water properly
the cone-shaped tip is larger within the opening of the casing than at the opening
and the walls of the tip and the casing converge toward the annular outlet C.
The tip is preferably made in the form of a cone, as shown in Fig. 6, in which
case the water will separate before reaching the apex of the cone and the apex will
be dry. I prefer to form one or more small openings 6 in the apex to enhance the
effect of the spray and for the purpose of effectually wetting the ground immediately
surrounding the sprayer when used as a lawn sprinkler. If the apex of the cone
be removed, as shown in Fig. 3, the result will not be very seriously effected, but I
have found that a portion of the cone extending above the casing will increase the
angle of elevation of the stream and assist in breaking up the water so that it will
fall quite uniformly at all points within the radius of operation. As above stated
a perfect cone is the most desirable shape for the tip but it may be flattened or
rounded somewhat without materially affecting the operation,

page_text: Next to the simplest form is that shown in Fig. 5 in which the water passes from
the central chamber a through openings 7 to a chamber 8 and from the latter
chamber it passes to the rotation chamber 6 through spiral passages 9 cut in the
edge of the tip 2. The operation of this form of sprayer is the same as that of the
form shown in Fig. 6.
In the form shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3, the water passes from the central
chamber a through openings 7 to an annular chamber 8, and from the chamber 8
it passes through passages 10 to an equalizing chamber 11. The passages 10 are
formed by the overlapping ends of flanges 12 and they are arranged to rotate the
water in the chamber 11. There is a contracted throat or passage 13 between the
chamber 11 and the rotation chamber b. It is found that unless the pressure of
the water is equal all around the rotation chamber the spray will not issue uniformly
from the outlet and it is found further with but one or two tangential inlets the
spray will not be uniform unless means be provided to equalize the pressure about
the annular outlet. By directing the water first into the equalizing chamber 11
and then through the annular throat 13 I effectually equalise the pressure and
obtain a uniform spray. In Figs. 2 and 3 the outer edges of the flanges 12 pre-
ferably fit closely to the casing and water is only permitted to pass through the
passages 10 between the overlapping ends. In these forms the coupling portion
is the same as in Figs. 5 and 6. In Fig. 3 the tip is a truncated cone, but the
rotation chamber b is the same as in the other figures, i.e. formed between the top
of the casing and the base of the cone-shaped tip. The sprayer shown in Fig. 3, is
provided with a supporting pin or rod 14.
In Fig. 4 there is a coupling 1* cast integral with the casing B and the water
is admitted directly from the coupling to the annular chamber 8. The core and cone
may be cast hollow, as shown in dotted lines, and water admitted through an
opening 7 to supply the central jet or jets 6. A pin 15, suitably connected to the
core, is provided to hold the nozzle in an upright position.
In the various forms of the invention the casings are adjustable upon the cores.
When the nozzle is used purely as a lawn sprayer it will be found to work very well
under all pressures with a uniform opening and no adjustment will be necessary.
But when used as a nozzle to hold in the hand it is convenient to make the spray
fine or coarse as desired or to shut the water off completely. This can be accom-
plished as shown in Figs. 2 and 3, simply by turning the casing to the right or left,
thus varying the annular opening C or closing it completely. When the opening
is very small the spray will be very fine and when it is larger the spray will be
coarser.
In some instances the form shown in Fig. 6 is preferable and in other instances
the forms shown in the other figures are preferable. In the forms shown in Figs. 2
and 3 the passages 7 and 10 can be formed in the casting without drilling, while in
that shown in Fig. 6 it is generally necessary to drill the passages 4. The
passages, 4, 9 and 10 are all adapted to impart a rotary movement to the water in
the chamber surrounding the cone and I shall designate them broadly as tangential
passages, although the term may not be strictly correct in all instances.
The various forms may be used as nozzles to be held in the hand for sprinkling
purposes but when designed for such use the cone shaped tips should be elongated
and the angle of the cone correspondingly reduced so as to throw the water away
from the operator. In general the angle of elevation at which the water is dis-
charged depends on the angle of the cone and the speed of rotation. It will
increase as the sides of the cone become steeper and decrease as the speed of
rotation increases. By properly proportioning the various parts any desired angle
of elevation may be secured. We have found that when the angle at the apex of
the cone is 90 degrees the best result is obtained for ordinary lawn spraying pur-
poses. As shown in Figure 8 the water leaves the cone before reaching the apex
thereof and hence the cone may be truncated more or less if desired.
As herein before
stated I prefer to use a perfect cone, as shown in Figures 2, 5, & 6. The water from
the annular opening will cling to the cone for some distance above the opening and

page_text: will then be thrown off in spray leaving the tip of the cone free from water. The
spray from the annular opening will not therefore interfere with the jet openings
in the top of the cone.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
-
1. A sprayer comprising a core having a central chamber and a tapering or cone-
shaped tip, a cylindrical casing surrounding the core and having a circular opening
in its upper end, an annular chamber included between the tip and the casing, an
annular outlet to said chamber formed by the tip centrally arranged
in the opening of the casing, and tangential passages through which
the water from the central chamber passes to the annular chamber, said passages
imparting a rotary movement to the water in said latter chamber, substantially
as described.
2. A sprayer comprising a core having a central chamber, a coupling portion and
a cone-shaped or tapering tip at its upper end, a jet opening in the top of the tip
leading from the central chamber, a circular casing surrounding the core and con-
nected to it by a suitable joint, a circular opening in the top of the casing an
annular rotation chamber between the core and the casing, an annular outlet to
said chamber formed by the tip centrally located in and nearly filling the opening
in the casing, and tangential passages through which the water from the central
chamber passes to the annular chamber, said passages imparting a rotary movement
to the water in said latter chamber, sustantially as described.
3. A sprayer comprising a core having a central chamber a coupling portion and
a cone-shaped or tapering tip at its upper end, and a circular casing surrounding
the core and connected to it by a suitable joint, a circular opening in the top of
the casing, an annular rotation chamber between the core and the casing, an annular
outlet to said chamber formed by the tip centrally located in and nearly filling
the opening in the casing, and tangential passages through which the water from the
central chamber passes to the annular chamber, said passages imparting a rotary
movement to the water in said latter chamber, and said casing being adjustable on
said core to vary or close the annular outlet, substantially as described.
4. A sprayer comprising a core having a cone shaped tip and a central chamber,
a casing surrounding the core and having a central opening in its top into which
the tip enters to form an annular outlet, a rotation chamber between the casing
and tip, an annular chamber 8 below the rotation chamber, passages leading from
the central chamber to the chamber 8, and tangential passages leading from the
chamber 8 to the rotation chamber, said passages imparting a rotary movement to
the water in said latter chamber, substantially as described.
5. A sprayer comprising a core having a tapering or cone-shaped tip, a casing
surrounding the core and having a circular opening in its upper end through which
the tip of the core projects to form an annular outlet, and flanges 12 surrounding the
core below the tip, said flanges fitting the casing and having overlapping ends,
the passages between said ends being adapted to impart a rotary movement to the
water as it passes upward to the annular outlet, sustantially as described.
6. In a sprayer the core having the coupling 1, surrounding overlapping
flanges 12, a cone-shaped tip 2, a central chamber band an outlet opening 6, in com-
bination with a circular casing fitting said flanges 12 and provided with a circular
opening in its top into which the tip projects to form an annular outlet, said casing
being adjustably connected to said core by a screw-threaded joint, substantially as
described.
100~

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page_text: Date of Application, 31st Mar., 1897-Accepted, 24th July, 1897
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Devices for Repairing Punctured Pneumatic Tyres.
I CHARLES FREDERICK WHITE, of 52 Wabash Ave., Chicago, Illinois, United
States of America, Inventor and Mechanic, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention relates to apparatus for repairing punctured pneumatic tyres
with cement, and especially that class of tyres known as single tube or hose pipe
tyres. According to my invention the apparatus comprises a hollow needle having
a solid point adapted to be inserted in the puncture in the tyre and having an eye
in its point connecting with the hollow portion or chamber thereof; means for
cjecting a suitable quantity of suitable liquid cement through the needle while it
is in position in the puncture of the tyre and means for distributing the cement
concentrically around the needle and puncture before the needle is withdrawn
therefrom. Moreover I construct the said hollow needle in such a manner as to
admit of its being conveniently and effectively charged with the liquid cement or
similar tyre repairing substances.
In order that my said invention may be clearly understood and readily carried
into effect I will proceed to describe the same with reference to the accompanying
drawing.
Figure 1 represents a longitudinal section through the centre of my improved
apparatus and Figure 2 an end view thereof.
Figure 3 represents a fragmentary view of a pneumatic tyre showing the
application of my improved needle to a puncture.
Similar letters of reference refer to similar parts in the various figures.
A, designates the needle. It comprises preferably a cylindrical piece of metal
with a sharp, solid point B. Into the axial centre of the needle drill a hole
which extends close to the end of the point and forms the cement receiving
cham er C. A small orifice D, is drilled transversely through one side of the
point into the chamber and makes a side outlet for the cement adjacent to the
needle point. I knurl a portion of the body of the needle to form a frictional
surface. I cut a thread H on the outside of the needle at its end adjacent to the
entrance into its cement chamber, and on this threaded end I fit a detachable
cap E, which may be unscrewed and detached therefrom at the will of the user
when it is desired to charge such chamber with cement or for any other purpose.
I provide the top of the cap with a central screw threaded hole and the rod of the
plunger passing through the said hole has a corresponding screw thread. Or if
desired the said hole may be a plain one and the rod adapted to slide therein.
On the end of the plunger I place a leather washer I, adapting it to fit snugly
in the chamber of the needle which is bored out smoothly to receive it, and on
each side of the washer I place thin flanges J and K. The flange J is made
somewhat smaller in diameter than the washer and the end of the plunger is
riveted over it, while the flange K is about the same size as the washer. On the
outer end of the stem I secure a finger disc which forms a head, knurling its
periphery as shown.

page_text: Referring to Figure 3, L designates a fragment of a tyre. At M a piece is cut
out to disclose the interior of the tube.
In order to repair a punctured tyre the needle is first filled with cement and
this is accomplished by unscrewing the cap E and removing the cap and plunger
from the cylinder. After the cement has been introduced into the chamber of
the needle the cap together with the plunger is replaced the former being screwed
tightly down upon the cylinder. If desired the needle may be kept charged with
cement ready for use.
It is necessary to inflate the tyre under slight pressure to disclose the location of
the puncture. Having found it, the point of the needle is inserted and pushed in
far enough to introduce the eye of the needle inside the tyre. The plunger is then
screwed into its chamber through its cap which forces the cement out laterally
through its eye at the same time the needle is turned around in the puncture,
which distributes the cement in the form of a thread concentrically around the
needle and the puncture in a pyramidal mass that flows together. The needle is
then withdrawn slowly, which owing to the position of the eye below the point
allows the cement to flow into the puncture and completely cover it.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim in a device for repairing punctured pneumatic tyres is:-
:―
1. The combination of the cylinder and cement ejecting needle, the cap, the
piston and the leather piston head and washers, substantially as described.
2. The combination of the cement holding cylinder having the needle point, a
knurled surface on said cylinder, the cap threaded thereto, the piston threaded
to said cap, a knurled head on said piston and a leather washer or other pliable
washer on the end of the piston adapted to fit said cylinder, substantially as
described.
3. The combination of the cylinder having the needle point with a cap threaded
thereto, a piston threaded to said cap and a leather or other pliable piston head
secured on the end of said piston, substantially as described.
4. The combination with the cement holding cylinder having a needle point, a
passage leading from said cylinder into said point, an egress hole for the cement
in said point below its extreme end, with a piston adapted to screw in and out of
said cylinder and having a pliable or soft piston-head secured to its end,
substantially as described.
5. The combination in a cement needle for repairing bicycle tyres of a cylinder
adapted to hold cement and having a needle point, an eye in the needle below its
point, with a cap screwed to the inlet end of said cylinder, a piston threaded to said
cap, a leather piston head on the inner end of said piston and suitable supporting
washers on either side of said piston head, substantially as described.
Dated this 31st day of March 1897.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.