Improvements in or relating to Internal Combustion Engines.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 6th Feb., 1899
Complete Specification Left, 6th Dec., 1899-Accepted, 13th Jan., 1900
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Internal Combustion Engines.
I CHARLES THOMAS CROWDEN, Engineer, of Vernon Lodge, Eastnor Grove,
Leamington Spa, County of Warwick, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
1
This invention relates to internal combustion engines, particularly those iun
with light or heavy hydro-carbon oils, the invention relating to the construction
of the more important parts.
In constructing the engine I make it with one or more cylinders and I will
now describe it as having two The cylinders are placed in a water tank
for cooling purposes which may be a casting or made of any suitable material
and in any suitable manner say for example sheet copper folded round and rivetted
or brazed or otherwise formed into a tank. The tank is formed' with openings
through which the cylinders which are bored at the respective parts to fit the
openings in the tank are passed and secured with a water-tight joint, so that the
cylinders lie in the water contained in the tank The tank is provided with a
number of pipes to which the air has access and through which it may if desired be
impelled either by the draught of the vehicle should the engine be used for a
motor-car, or by a fan or other suitable means so that the water is to a large
extent cooled by the air while it is heated by the evlinders. The tank may be
provided with cooling gills or radiators, and the water may be either merely a
bulk of water contained in the tank or the tank may be connected with another
supply or coil of piping or the like through which it may circulate with or
without the assistance of a pump or other special means of propulsion.
The ends of the cylinders project beyond the tank so as to be freely accessible
and at the end remote from the driving shaft are the inlet and outlet supplies
and valves; these may be bolted to the cylinders in such a manner that by undoing
the bolts the whole of the valves can be removed Any of these valves may be
provided with a preferably screwed cap the removal of which will give access
to that particular valve without the necessity for removing the whole of the valve
bodies etc from the cylinders. The valves may be water-jacketted if necessary
or may be contained in the cylinder tank. The valve chambers may be formed
in one or more pieces, preferably castings, connected at the middle or otherwise,
with the exhaust pipe to the silencer if that be used. A cock, valve or other
suitable device may be employed whereby the fuel may be led to either of the
cylinders separately or to both at once so that both cylinders may be used when
great power is required, one cylinder when little power is required, and one
evlinder may be caused to pump air so as to cool it while the other cylinder is
working and these functions may be changed so that the cylinders can be
alternately cooled by pumping air. Any required controlling mechanism for
the valves to facilitate this may be employed, and operated from the driver's
seat when these engines are applied to self propelled vehicles.
This method of working may be used with any desired number of cylinders.
The exhaust valve of each cylinder is operated by a connecting rod one end

page_text: of which is carried eccentrically upon or sunk into a toothed wheel driven by
another toothed wheel preferably of half the size on the crank shaft of the engine;
for a single cylinder this connecting rod would be jointed to a rod passing through
one of the tubes in the cylinder tank so as to reach the valve at the other end
or the eccentric rod itself might pass through the tube and be guided at the
other end. Where two cylinders are employed and arranged to have their working
stroke opposite to each other the connecting rod would be jointed to a rocking
shaft having one exhaust valve rod at each end so as to operate them alternately.
With two cylinders having their working strokes simultaneously two eccentrics etc.
would be employed. Any necessary universal or other special joints in this or
other parts of the mechanism necessary to permit compound movement are
employed and ball bearings may be used wherever required.
The explosive charge may be ignited by tube ignition but I prefer to employ
the electric current for the purpose and in that case I effect the necessary make
and break of contact by the following means. A suitable bracket carries a shaft
with a chain wheel at one end driven from the engine shaft and having at the
other the necessary number of hit-and-miss devices according to the number of
cylinders The device may comprise a disc or equivalent either of insulated
material or having the necessary parts insulated upon which a brush of rubber
travels alternately making and breaking contact according to the conducting
or non-conducting material with which it is alternately engaged.
If preferred spaces may be left instead of the non-conducting materials and the
contacts will be made as the conducting arms or equivalent engage the brush the
position of which can be adjusted by a screw.
A fly wheel is made preferably of cast iron in segments, mortised or dowelled
together, and prevented from bursting by a preferably wrought iron ring upon
the outside shrunk upon it and secured by screws and the like The centre would
be formed with a boss in the usual manner strengthened by a wrought ring at
cach end; the wheel may be keyed upon the shaft and one or both ends of the boss
or its strengthening rings are turned to receive a toothed wheel which may be
used for driving purposes or for the valves for electric ignition
Dated this 6th day of Wahma 1900
CHAS. T. CROWDEN,
Boult & Wade,
Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Internal Combustion Engines.
I CHARLES THOMAS CROWDEN, Engineer, of Vernon Lodge, Eastnor Grove,
Leamington Spa, County of Warwick, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
-
This invention relates to internal combustion engines, particularly those jun
with light or heavy hydrocarbon oils, the invention relating to the construction
of the more important parts
The invention may be applied to an engine having one or more cylinders,
and I now describe it in connection with the accompanying drawings which
illustrate a convenient construction for a two cylinder engine, arranged to operate
a motor-car.
Figure 1 is a plan partly in section.
T
0

page_text: Figure 4 is a detail of the cut-out valve, being a section on the line 4–4
of Figure 3.
Figure 5 is a detail partly in section on the line 5-5 of Figure 3 showing a
construction for providing cooling water for the exhaust valves.
Figures 6, 7 and 8 are details showing a modification in the connections for
operating the exhaust valves, and
Figures 9 and 10 are respectively a side view and a plan of an electric sparking
device
Like letters indicate like parts in all figures
A is the frame or bed of a vehicle, on to which is secured a water tank B.
The tank may be a casting or made of any suitable material, and in any suitable
manner, say for example as shown in Figure 1, of sheet metal, the edges of
which are bent over the rivetted, brazed or otherwise joined water-tight The
tank is formed with openings in its ends, through which the engine cylinders CC¹,
which are bored at the respective parts to fit the openings, are passed and secured
with water tight joints, so that the bodies of the cylinders lie in the water con-
tained in the tank.
A convenient construction for forming these joints is shown in Figure 1 in
which the openings are strengthened by circular flanges 136 on the inside of the
tank provided with grooves B7 in which is placed a suitable packing, flanges or
collars C3 being bolted to the flanges B6 to form the joint. The collars may be
provided with ears C¹ C³ placed on each side of a lug C6 fixed on the frame A:
the ears and lugs are bored and secured together by a long bolt C7 forming the
support for the cylinders. The front collar of each cylinder may be formed
integral with and form part of the front frame of the engine, which may be
supported as shown in Figures 1 and 2 by other long bolts C³, held at each end
in brackets on the frame A.
The tank 18 also provided with a number of pipes B¹ leading from one end
of the tank to the other, and open at both ends so as to have free access to the
air, which may, if desired, be impelled through them by a fan or other suitable
means, so that the water when heated by the cylinders is to a large extent cooled
by the currents of air. When the engine is used on a motor car the pipes are
preferably arranged, as shown in the figures, so that the air will be forced through
them by the draught of the vehicle
The tank may be provided with cooling gills or radiators and the water may be
either merely a bulk of water contained in the tank, or the tank may be connected
with a supply tank and the water cuculated from one to the other either with
or without the assistance of a pump or other special means of propulsion. Or, as
shown in Figures 1 and 2, the tank may be connected by pipes B2 B3 with a
radiator coil B or the like and the water kept in circulation by a pump B5 driven
by a belt or chain from the engine shaft.
The ends of the cylinders C C project beyond the tank so as to be freely
accessible, and at the end remote from the driving shaft are the inlet and outlet
valves.
The valve chambers D D¹ are preferably cast and may be formed in one piece,
connected centrally or otherwise with a common exhaust pipe D leading to the
silencer D³ if one be used, or to any convenient position for discharging the waste
gases without annoyance. Conveniently the valve chest is secured to the cylinders
by bolts C3 in such a manner that on unscrewing the bolts the whole of the
valves can be removed.
The supply valves D D³ are operated in the well-known manner by suction'
within the cylinders, being held on their seats by springs D6 D7. They are
connected by pipes D8 D9 with a common supply pipe D10 leading from the
carburettor which may be placed in any convenient position say at D" below
the frame A
A cock. valve, or other suitable device may be employed whereby the explosive

page_text: •
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mixture may be led to either of the cylinders separately or to both at once, so
that both-cylinders may be used when great power is required, one cylinder
alone when little power is required, and the cylinder put out of work, may be
caused to pump air so as to cool it while the other cylinder is working, and these
functions may be changed so that the cylinders can be alternately cooled by
pumping air. This method of working may be used with any desired number
of cylinders.
.
A convenient construction of cut-out cock for this purpose is shown in vertical
median section in Figure 3 and in horizontal section in Figure 4. The cock
E is placed at the junction of the supply pipe 110 with the branch supply
pipes 1. The hollow plug is divided by the wall E into two chambers E E².
The chamber E¹ is closed at top and bottom and has three side ports E3 Eª E³;
the other chamber E² is open at the bottom and side.
When in the position shown in Figure 4 each cylinder is in connection with
the supply of explosive mixture through the chamber and the ports E³ E
and EE, respectively, the side port of the chamber E2 being closed. By turning
the plug to the night the port E3 will be brought opposite and in connection with
the branch pipe 18 and the port E with the supply pipe D10, thus keeping up
. connection with the valve 1 of the cylinder C. The branch D however will be
in connection with the side port of the chamber E2, and cut off from the supply
pipe 11, the cylinder C being thus put out of work, but able to take in air
through the bottom port of the chamber E. By reversing the rotation of the
plug and bringing the chamber E2 opposite the branch 18 the cylinder C will
be put out of work and the cylinder C¹ brought into operation. The. bottom of
the valve body may be covered with a perforated plate or with wire gauge to
prevent the accidental sucking in with the air of dust or the like.
Any suitable device for turning the plug E may be employed, and when the
engines are used on self-propelled vehicles this should be arranged so as to be
operated from the driver's seat. Although described in connection with a two
cylinder engine it is evident that the valve E may be modified so as to be used
with an engine having more than two cylinders.
J is a control and, mixing valve for regulating the supply of explosive gases
and air to the cylinder or cylinders: as, however, it forms no part of this inven-
tion if need not be particularly described. It may be placed in any convenient
part of the supply pipe Do
The exhaust valve of each cylinder 18 operated by a connecting rod one end of
which is carried eccentrically upon or sunk into a toothed wheel driven by
another toothed wheel preferably half the size on the crank shaft of the engine.
For a single cylinder engine this connecting rod would be jointed to a rod
passing through one of the air tubes (B) in the cylinder tank so as to reach the
valve at the other end; or the eccentric rod itself might pass through the tube
and be guided at the other end. Where two cylinders are emploved and arranged
to have their cranks together with alternate explosions, the following arrange-
ment is used shown in Figure 1. .
Rotatably canned in a bearing formed on the engine frame is a toothed
wheel engaging a wheel F5 fixed on and rotating with the engine crank shaft G.
One end of a connecting rod F, is carried on a pin placed eccentrically on the
wheel F, whilst its other end is pivotted at F to one arm of a rocking bar F8,
pivotted centrally at F; the connecting rod F being connected to the bar so
as to permit of both vertical and. horizontal movement, a convenient construction
being shown in Figure 6
At each end of the rocking bar is a connecting rod F10 F1, one for each exhaust
valve F. Each rod F10 F1 works in a guide B8 within one of the air tubes B¹.
The free end of each rod is in contact with the end of the valve stem F¹ of its
respective exhaust valve F and-acts to raise the valve from it's seat against the
tension of a spring Fe in the well-known manner.
When the two evlinders have their cranks opposite each other two eccentrics F

page_text: F (Fig 7) operated by two gear wheels F F are provided operating two con-
necting rods F F pivotted to two rocking arms F1 F13 operating respectively
a connecting rod F10 F1. The arms F12 F1 are pivotted at one end and may be
provided with separate pivot pins. Preferably they are placed on one pin, as
shown in Figure and in section in Figure 8, the arm F12 working on the pin F
and the arm on a sleeve F formed on the arm F2.
Any necessary universal or other joints in this or other parts of the mechanism
necessary to permit compound movement are employed and ball bearings may be
used if desired.
Both the supply and the exhaust valves may be provided with caps the removal
of any one of which will give access to a desired valve without the necessity for
removing the whole of the valve chest from the cylinders Such caps are preferably
screwed as shown on the supply valves, lettered D¹³, and on the exhaust,
lettered F1, Figs. 1 and 3.
The valves may be water-jacketted if necessary, or they may be contained in
the cylinder tank. In the construction shown in the figures accompanying this
specification the exhaust valves are shown with a jacket 117 connected by pipes F18
(Figure 5) with the evlinder water tank. The water jacket F17 is formed as a
tank surrounding the whole exhaust valve chamber. The connecting pipes 118
are placed one at top and one at bottom, and are connected up with the cylinder
tank by push joints 19, that is the ends of the pipes which are preferably made
conical simply butt in orifices formed in sockets secured on the wall of the
cylinder tank. This construction permits of the removal of the valve and its
water jacket without impediment when the bolts C³ are removed. By placing
the pipes F18 one at top and the other at bottom, as shown in Figure 5, the
heat of the valve itself sets up free circulation between the exhaust jacket and the
cylinder tank
The explosive charge may be ignited by tube ignition but I prefer to employ the
electric current and in that case I effect the necessary make and break of contact
by the following means A short shaft H is carried in a sleeve H¹ forming
part of a bracket fixed on the frame so that the shaft can be conveniently rotated
say by a chain wheel H³ operated through intermediate gearing by a toothed
wheel H on the engine shaft G. H³ H are the primary and secondary commu-
tators respectively, H the contact maker of the primary circuit. H H the
terminals for the wires leading to the explosion chambers of the cylinders
The fly wheel K is made preferably of cast iron in segments, mortised or
dowelled together and prevented from bursting by a preferably wrought iron ring
upon the outside shrunk upon it and secured by screws or the like In the
construction illustrated the wheel is shown in two pieces K¹ K2 held together by
studs K. Kis the wrought ring secured by screws K The wheel boss is also
strengthened by wrought rings K6 K7 one on each side. The ring K is turned
to receive a toothed wheel K8 which may be used for diving purposes If desired
such a wheel may be provided on each end of the boss
A starting apparatus is provided of any suitable kind. A convenient arrange-
ment is shown in Figures 1 and 2, comprising a pin L on an arm L¹ on the end of
a shaft L rotating in a bearing L on the frame A The pin L is adapted to
engage a hole L in the crank pin G' but is normally held out of engagement with
the same by means of a spring L The shaft L is provided with a gear or
friction wheel LG operatively connected with a similar wheel L carried on a
shaft L in a bearing L on the frame A. This latter shaft is turned by means
of a handle not shown in the drawings
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
1. In an internal combustion engine a water tank such as B formed separately
from but surrounding the engine cylinder or cylinders and having air tubes such
as B substantially as described.

page_text: 2. In an internal combustion engine the combination of a water tank such
as B B surrounding the engine cylinder or cylinders a radiator coil such as B
and connecting pipes with or without a circulating apparatus substantially as
described.
3. In a two-cylinder internal combustion engine a cut-out cock having two
chambers such as E¹ E2 one chamber adapted to place either one or both cylinders
in communication with the supply of explosive mixture and the other chamber
adapted to place one cylinder at a time in communication with the atmosphere
substantially as described
4. In a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine the employment of a cock
or valve having an air chamber such as E2 with a strainer such as E whereby
when the engine is running a cylinder may be cut out and cooled by the admission
of air into its interior through the chamber.
5. In a multi-cylinder explosion engine a cut-out cock such as E arranged
and operating substantially as described or as illustrated in Figures 3 and 4 of the
accompanying drawings.
6. In an internal combustion engine the combination with the cylinder jacket
of a separate tank water jacket surrounding the exhaust valve chamber connected
with the cylinder jacket and providing its own circulation by its own heat.
7. In an internal combustion engine the combination with the water jacket
of the cylinder and a bolted joint to the cylinder of a push joint such as F19 to
the water supply of the exhaust valve jacket substantially as and for the purpose
described or as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
8. In an internal combustion engine having a cylinder water jacket through
which air tubes pass the utilization of one or more of such tubes for the reception
of the exhaust valve appurtenances.
9. In a two cylinder internal combustion engine operating the exhaust valves
from the engine shaft by means of gear wheels such as a connecting rod such
as F6 and a rocking bar such as F8 having rods such as F10 F1 in operative
connection with the exhaust valves the whole combined and operating substantially
as described.
10 In a two cylinder internal combustion engine operating the exhaust valves
from the engine shaft by means of gear wheels such as F F F F connecting
rods F F oscillating bars such as F3 F4 rods such as F10 F11 in operative con-
nection with the exhaust valves the whole combined and operating substantially
as described or as illustrated in Figures 6, 7 and 8 of the accompanying
drawings.
11. In an internal combustion engine the herein described construction of a two-
part cast iron fly wheel for a high speed engine.
12. The internal combustion engine substantially as described or as illustrated
in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 of the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 6th day of December 1899.
BOULT & WADE,
Agents for the Applicant.