IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO MACHINERY FOR WILLOWING, CARDING, DRAWING "" AND OTHERWISE WORKING WOOL
Year: 1884

page_text: I WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings in the County of Middlesex do hereby declare the nature
of my invention for " IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO MACHINERY FOR
WILLOWING, CARDING, DRAWING
""
AND OTHERWISE WORKING WOOL to bo as
follows:-
The object of this invention is to dispense with a number of operations in tho
treatment of wool, which operations have rendered the results obtained up to
the present time, defective.
By the machine or series of machines hereinafter described I am enabled to carry
on continuously, as a single process, five operations which are at present performed
one after the other and separately.
I place the raw wool as it comes from the bale, after having soaked it in pure
water, on the table at one end of the machine or series of. machines, and when it
leaves the other end thereof it has been 1st burred 2nd carded, 3rd formed into
slivers, 4th washed, and 5th drawn or hackled; so that the raw wool becomes in a
single passage through the machine transformed into slivers ready for combing.
It is only necessary, therefore, to draw this sliver considerably by subjecting it.
to the action of gills or hackles adapted to deliver it to the comb, in order to
enable me to dispense with the card in the combing of wool.
If short or carding wool is to be treated it will be sufficient to card this wool or
at least the sliver thereof on a fine card-clothing in order to obtain a product of the
desired quality.
The advantages of this system are as follow, viz :-
1 Without impoverishing the wool, all the impurities it contains are at once
removed.
2nd The wool is carded in the raw state, that is to say, coarsely in order to placo
the fibros parallel to each other.
3rd A saving of 50 per cent of soap is effected in the washing operation.
4th The wool is transformed into sliver directly after the washing of the saune.
5 The cards and their coverings are dispensed with, or reduced in cost.
6th The quantity of uoils in the combing is diminished by 5 per cent.
7th The value of the carding is increased.
8th The value of the noils is increased by reason of their cleanness.
9th The value of the carding is increased by reason of its whiteness.
10th The yield for each machine is augmented.

page_text: When this system is employed for short carding wools the yield is augmented,
because of the absence of coarse rovings (or slubs) and there exist the same advan-
tages as with the combed wool excepting those appertaining to the noils and the
carding.
This new system for removing the burrs entangled in the various kinds of wool
is more especially distinguished from other methods and machines by the use, in
combination with a machine of special construction, of jets or streams of water
under pressure distributed in any suitable manner upon the wool to be treated in
the said machine.
In carrying tho said invention into practice I mount upon a frame in suitable
bearings a cylinder or toothed roller which has hollow journals marle in one piece
with the ends or end plates of the said cylinder. On the inner side of the said
end plates are arranged toothed bars which form the periphery of the said roller.
The said end plates can be connected with cach other by means of suitable interior
longitudinal bars but in such a manner that they can be adjusted relatively to each
other so as to produce a certain tension upon the said bars.
The said toothed bars aro mado of phosphor bronze or other suitable material.
In these bars, at short and equal distances apart, are made suitable incisions or
slits so as to form upon the said bars teeth having a proper length and thickness
and forming combs of about five teeth to the centimeter. The said bars terminate
at each end in a toothless or plain portion of rectangular section and stronger than
the toothed portion to enable the said bars to be adjusted in a uniform and accurate
manner. They are provided with rectangular notches in the said plain portion,
which notches engage with circular ribs or projections formed on the end plates
upon which the bars are held at suitable distances from each other, determined by
the thickness of the plain portions. This distance between the bars can, if desired,
be maintained by means of small discs having grooves upon their circumferences,
in which the bars are inserted. In this position the bars are firmly connected with
the end plates by a copper ring on each side upon their plain portions, thus firmly
securing the whole.
Between the bars thus secured are left open spaces which are enlarged towards
the interior and so that points of obstruction are presented to the fibres of the
wool only between the teeth at the lower ends of the same.
In the outer rim of the end plates are formed teeth so that it constitutes a
toothed or crown wheel.
On the left hand side of the cylinder or roller are situated two similar pairs of
feeding rollers provided with points, which rollers are preceded by a pair of grooved
rollers of the same diameter, which in their turn, are preceded by an upper roller
_turning freely and by a lower roller pertaining to an endless feeding table the outer
roller of which can be supported in suitably arranged bearings.
These eight feeding rollers (as well as all the accessory rotating picces in this
machine) have their journals inserted in blocks or bearings in the curved frame,
which can be adjusted in order to bring them nearer to, or remove them from, each
other on an auxiliary frame mounted on the main frame.
Above the feeding rollers and at proper distances therefrom, two regulating
rollers are arranged radially with respect to the aforesaid cylinder or roller and
are provided with bent points and turned or bent in the opposite direction to that
of the teeth of the said cylinder or roller, with the object, hereinafter described;
these regulating rollers aro supported in bearings secured in a radial position upon
the said auxiliary frame.
On the right hand side of the said cylinder or roller is mounted, in suitable
bearings in the main frame, an intermediato roller in such a manner that its
covering, which consists of very fine copper needles or teeth bent at a right angle,
extends into the spaces between the teeth of the said cylinder or roller. Behind
the said intermediate roller is a circular brush with ordinary bristles which turns
with great velocity in suitable bearings so that its bristles sweep the covering of
the said intermediate rollor.

page_text: The said cylinder or roller is traversed longitudinally by a tube at its centre,
which tube passes freely through the aforesaid hollow journals. At a suitable
distance above the cylinder or roller is provided a similar tube which passes
through brackets fixed upon the auxiliary frame. These two tubes, each of which
is closed at one of its ends, communicate at their opposite ends with a slightly
inclined tube. From this tube branch symmetrically two curved tubes of a smaller
diameter, which carry a horizontal tube placed at a suitable height between the
two regulators or regulating rollers.
In the lower portion of three of these tubes are formed, at equal distances apart
a series of narrow transverse slits or incisions having a suitable length, through
which slits or incisions broad streams or jets of water are ejected. This water is
under pressure in the tubular system, into which it is introduced by means of an
india-rubber tube attached to one of the aforesaid tubes and communicating with
any source for this purpose. In order to supply the said cylinder or roller and the
regulating rollers with water uniformly over their entire surface an alternating
motion is transmitted to this system of tubes by means of the mechanism herein-
after described. A fourth tube, which is fixed and has a longitudinal slit or
incision, is provided for supplying water to the feeding roller over the whole of
its surface.
A bracket cast with the main frame supports a driving shaft on which fixed and
loose pulleys and a small pulley and a large pulloy aro mounted. The said small
pulley drives a corresponding pulley on a shaft which is carried in bearings in the
main frame and upon which are mounted pinions which engage with the toothed
crowns of the aforesaid end plates of the cylinder or roller, driving this also in the
desired direction. The said shaft is, moreover, provided with chain-wheels, one of
which corresponds to another chain-wheel at the inner end of another shaft carried
in bearings in the main frame, and the latter has at its outer end a pinion which
drives a corresponding chain-wheel on the shaft of--the upper feeding roller. The
three pairs of rollers are connected on the left-hand side by toothed wheels in such
a manner that a pinion, turning the upper feeding roller in one direction, turns
the lower feeding roller in the opposite direction by means of some of the said
toothed wheels, but this feeding roller is provided at the other end with a pinion
which engages with an intermediate pinion running loosely on a spindle fixed in
the main frame; this pinion actuates another pinion upon the lower feeding roller,
which transmits the motion in the direction opposite to the upper feeding roller by
means of other of the said toothed wheels; the latter pinion engages with another
pinion of the upper grooved roller, which transmits rotary motion to the lower
roller in the opposite direction by means of other toothed wheels. The upper
grooved roller has, moreover, on its outer part a pinion which actuates a wheel
secured to the inner roller of the endless table. By the arrangement of the
different pinions, the velocity of the feeding rollers is made variable for each
pair, that is to say, it is augmented as regards those situated nearest to the cylinder
or roller.
In order to drive the regulating rollers, which rotate very slowly, the lower
feeding roller has, independently of its connecting pinion, a similar pinion by the
side of the latter which engages with a wheel connected to one of the regulating
rollers; a pinion upon the latter behind tho said wheel turns another pinion
running loosely on a spindle in the frame, which pinion actuates a wheel
upon the other regulator; the latter turns, therefore, more slowly than the first
regulator.
A chain-wheel on one of the shafts above mentioned actuates the corresponding
pinion on the shaft of the aforesaid intermediate roller. The large pulley on the
driving shaft corresponds to the small pulley on the shaft of the brush and turns
the latter with great velocity.
On the extremity of the driving shaft is fitted a pulley-block with an excentric
pin which serves for communicating the aforesaid alternating motion to the tubular
system above described.

page_text: The excentric pin of the said pulley-block is connected by a rod having at its
ends suitable ball and socket joints, with one arm of a bell-crank-lever having
its centre on a part fixed upon the aforesaid auxiliary frame; the other arm of
the said bell-crank-lever is jointed between lugs or projections on the middle
of one of the tubes.
The burring of the wool is effected as follows, that is to say:-The wool is
spread upon the endless table and then passed under a roller which compresses
it and exerts a certain tension upon it, and thence to the grooved rollers which
create a grinding action between them and conduct away as powder all foreign
substances, such as stones, and carry the wool to the other feeding rollers which
conduct it to the burring cylinder or roller to which they deliver it in a wet state,
by reason of the water issuing from one of the tubes. The burring cylinder or
roller, when revolving, transports the wool beneath the first regulating roller, the
bent needles of which catch the wool surrounding the burrs, but by the rotation
of the said cylinder or roller and regulator, the pieces of wool thus caught aro
exposed to the action of water which Hows from one of the aforesaid tubes until
the points of tho bent needles or wires on the regulating roller lie in the same
direction as the jet of water. During this time the jet of water, under pressure,
washes or separates the fibres of the wool from the burrs and throws them into the
spaces between the teeth of the cylinder or roller whilst the burrs which are
completely freed from the wool are held between the points of the said teeth.
The burrs which are not perfectly freed from the wool are separated from the
needles or wires of the regulating roller as soon as the points of the same lie in
the same direction as tho jets of water; they then pass to the second regulating
roller where they undergo a similar treatment, being watered on one side by the
jet of water ejected from the large tube; by this second regulator the burrs arc,
without fail, freed from the fibres of wool which still cling to them. The work of
the regulating rollers is of great importance in this system of burring, because they
turn the pieces of wool containing the burrs around in such a manner that they
present to the action of the water, sometimes the upper side, and sometimes the
lower side; so that even if two burrs were superposed they would be completely
freed from the wool by means of the two regulating rollers in combination with
the jets of water under pressure ejected from the tubes which receive an alternating
motion. The portions of the wool, which have thus passed underneath the needles
or wires of the regulators, undergo the action of the larger jet of water which forces
them into the spaces between the teeth; thereby separating from them the foreign
substances which they contain, such as dust.
In this manner the roller becomes covered at a certain portion of its periphery
with a fleece of wool lodged between the teeth which hold between their points
the burrs completely freed from the wool in which they were contained before its
treatment. The surface of the burring cylinder or roller as it continues its
rotation, passes in front of the intermediate roller, the covering of which consists
of line flexible needles or wires extending between the teeth of the said cylinder
or roller, so as to remove therefrom the burrs which, being caught by the said
needles or wires, are afterwards swept off by the aforesaid brush and fall upon a
separating sieve or other receptacle suitably arranged between the frames. The
said cylinder or roller, therefore, carries only the fleece of washed and burred wool
and in order to remove this from between the teeth it is passed beneath the jets
of water ejected from the interior tube which completes the washing of the wool
and removes it the more easily the more the spaces between the toothed bars are
enlarged towards the interior.
The quantity of water used in the machine constructed as above described is
very great but can be reduced by one half by dispensing with the interior central
tube and substituting for it an apparatus adapted for removing the wool from the
bars of the cylinder or roller by mechanical means. Into each intervening space
between two consecutive bars enters a blade of zinc or other suitable material

page_text: designed to push back, and thus throw down, all matter lodged between the bars
and adhering to them.
Instead of the hydraulic tube, a hollow or solid shaft is passed through the
hollow journals of the cylinder or roller, upon the two ends of which shaft are
screwed flanges which, in order to prevent the movement of the said shaft, are
secured to the bearings by means of four countersunk screw-bolts. Two or more
excentrics are keyed in proper places upon a fixed shaft. Upon the ring or strap
of one of the said excentrics is fixed, in any suitable manner, a disc of sheet-iron
which rotates together with the said ring. This disc is provided on its periphery
with as many radial notches as there are spaces between the bars of the aforesaid
cylinder or roller and in each notch in the said disc is soldered, by means of small
plates, or otherwise fixed, a blade of zinc of the same length as the bars so that the
rings or straps of the excentrics provided with the discs thus fitted with blades,
constitute a wheel having uniform and radial vanes placed very near to each other
and extending into the spaces between the bars of the said cylinder or roller. The
centre of each excentric is situated below the centre of the cylinder or roller n
sufficient distance to allow, in the upper part of the roller, the said zinc blades to
extend into the space between the bars only a few millimeters just enough to keep
them from leaving that space, while, in the lower portion, they extend beyond the
outer edges of the bars, a distanco sufficient to enable them to remove with the
greatest facility all matter lodged between the bars.
The ring carrying the wheel with vanes or blades is held upon the excentric by
lateral rings secured to the said excentric, between which rings it can rotate freely
with the cylinder or roller; this rotation can be effected by the simple pressure of
the bars against the blades, but it is preferable, in order that neither of them shall
sustain an injurious pressure, to drive the wheel with the blades simultaneously
with the cylinder or roller by two studs screwed to the plate of the cylinder or
roller and acting in the slits formed in the said disc.
The wool, which by the jets of water ejected from the upper hydraulic tube bias
heen forced between the teeth of the cylinder or roller and is thus placed in strips
upon the latter, is gradually pressed out of the space between the teeth by the
said blades which advance in the lower portion of the roller proportionally to its
rotation, and as soon as the blades pass beyond the bars these strips of wool are
separated from the roller along the whole of its length and fall upon the false
bottom of the roller-vat, or into any other suitable receptacle.
By this arrangement for mechanically removing the wool from between the
teeth of the cylinder or roller, not only is a great saving of water effected but the
wool is separated with more uniformity or regularity, that is to say, in a continuous
strip and not cut or divided into small pieces by the pressure of the water.
In the two cases in which either the interior tube or the apparatus just described
is employed, the water and wool are collected in a vat having two bottoms, tho
upper one of which is perforated so that the wool is retained by it in the upper
compartment, whilst the water with the sand and other foreign matter contained
in it passes into the lower compartment, from which it can be discharged through
a cock,
The said vat is arranged in any suitable manner between the sides of the frame,
and the upper compartment for the collection of the wool has a larger capacity
than is necessary for the wool.
If the said apparatus is employed, the operation of the machine is as follows, that
is to say:
On the shaft of one of the feed-rollers is fixed a pulley which imparts slow
motion to a drum or cylinder. A comb is actuated by a pulley placed on the
shaft of the brush.
The compressing rollers are actuated by toothed wheels but one of them in each
couple carries a pulley which is driven by another pulley fixed on another shaft.

page_text: The drawing frame is placed behind the compressing rollers and is of the ordinary
type with only one head. It may be replaced by a gill or other device for drawing
the wool and capable of transmitting it to the finishing head.
The said comb to which a rapid motion is imparted, separates the wool from the
cylinder in order to form a covering which is transformed into sliver as it passes
into a trumpet which carries it to the compressing rollers. These rollers deliver it
to the other rollers which force the sliver to pass into soap-water contained in a
vat. Leaving the last named compressing rollers the sliver passos up to rollers
which cause it to pass through a second bath. It again ascends in order to pass
between two other compressing rollers, and from these rollers it travels over a table
which delivers it to another roller which, after having drawn it, transmits it to two
grooved cylinders or rollers. The sliver is then rolled upon the finishing head
which forms it into bobbins ready for being combed after having undergone several
drawing operations by means of drawing-frames or gill-boxes without having to
pass the card again.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
For the Applicant.

page_text: Figure 4 is a cross section on the line 1—2 (Figure 1) showing the lower parts
of the machine in elevation.
Figure 5 is a longitudinal section on line 3-4 (Figure 3) showing the working
parts of the machine drawn to an enlarged scale.
Figure 6 is a partial view and a cross-section drawn to an enlarged scale, of the
bars which constituto the exterior surface of the burring roller.
Figure 7 shows the apparatus for removing the wool from between the teeth.
Figure 8 is a view showing the general arrangement of a complete apparatus.
Upon a frame A is unmounted in suitable bearings G the burring cylinder or
roller D which is represented in longitudinal section in Figure 4 and in cross-
section in Figure 5. The journals a a of the roller which are hollow are made
integral with the ends or end plates dd, between the inner sides of which are
arranged the bars b which form the periphery of the said roller. The side plates d d
can be connected with each other by means of suitable interior longitudinal bars
but in such a manner that they can be adjusted relatively to each other so as to
produce a certain tension upon the said bars.
The bars b, which have the section shown on an enlarged scale in Figure 6, are
made of phosphor-bronze or other suitable material. In these bars, at short and
equal distances apart, are made suitable incisions or slits so as to form upon the
said bars teeth ¹ having a proper length and thickness and forming combs of
about five teeth to the centimetre. Theso bars terminate at each end in toothless
or plain portions 63 of rectangular section and stronger than the toothed portions,
to enable the said bars b to be adjusted in a uniform and accurate manner. Tho
portions are provided with rectangular notches which engage with circular ribs
or projections c formed on the end plates & upon which the bars are held at suitable
distances from each other, determined by the thickness of the plain portion b².
The distance between the bars can, if desired, be maintained by means of small
discs having grooves upon their circumferences, adapted to receive the ends of
the bars. In this position the bars are firmly connected with the end plates by
copper rings b³ placed upon the plain portions.
Between the bars thus secured are left, as shown in Figure 5, open spaces which
are largest towards the interior, so that points of obstruction are presented to the
fibres of the wool only between the lower or outer ends of the teeth.
In the outer rims of the end plates d d teeth are forined so that the said ends
constitute toothed or crown wheels e shewn in Figure 4.
On the left-hand side of the cylinder or roller D, Figure 5, are situated two
similar pairs of feeding rollers c c c c provided with points, which rollers are
preceded by a pair of grooved rollers c c of the same diameter, which in their
turn, are preceded by a roller c³ turning freely and by a roller beneath it forming
one of the carrying rollers of an endless feeding table B, the other carrying roller
of which is not shown in the drawing but which can be supported in suitably
arranged bearings.
These eight feeding rollers, as well as the accessory rotating parts of the machine,
rotate in the direction of the arrows shown in the drawings and have their journals
in blocks or bearings in curved guides which can be adjusted to bring the said
rollers nearer to, or remove them from, each other on an auxiliary frame A¹
mounted on the main frame A, Figures 1 and 2.
Above the feeding rollers, and at proper distances therefrom, two regulating
rollers XX are arranged radially with respect to the cylinder or roller D, and are
provided with points turned or bent in an opposite direction to that of the teeth
of the roller D with the object hereinafter described. These regulating rollers are
supported in bearings 9 secured in a radial position upon the said auxiliary
frame A (figures 1 and 2).
On the right-hand side of the said cylinder or roller D is mounted, in suitable
bearings G' in the main fiame A, an intermediate roller F, in such a manner that
its teeth which consist of very fine copper wire bent at right angles, extend into
the spaces between the teeth b¹ of the said cylinder or roller D... Behind the said

page_text: intermediate roller is a circular brush H with ordinary bristles, which turns with
great velocity in suitable bearings G³, in such a manner that its bristles sweep tho
surface of the intermediate roller F.
The said cylinder or roller D is traversed longitudinally by a tube R at its
centre, which tube passes freely through the aforesaid hollow journals a a in the
bearings G G.
At a suitable distance above the cylinder or roller D is provided a similar
tube R' which passes through the brackets M M fixed upon the auxiliary frame A¹.
These two tubes, each of which is closed at one of its ends, communicate at their
opposite ends with a tube R¹.
From this tube R* branch symmetrically two curved tubes of smaller diameter,
which carry a horizontal tube placed in a suitable position between the two
regulators or regulating rollers X X¹, figures 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5.
In the lower portion of each of the tubes R R2 r is formed, at equal distances
apart a number of narrow transverse slits or incisions having a suitable length,
through which slits or incisions broad streams or jets of water are ejected. This
water is under pressure in the tubes, into which it is introduced by means of an
india-rubber tube attached to the aforesaid tube R¹ and communicating with any
source for this purpose.
In order to supply the cylinder or roller D and the regulating rollers with water
uniformly over their entire surfaces, an alternating or reciprocating motion is
transmitted to this system of tubes by means of mechanism hereinafter described.
A tube having a longitudinal slit or incision, is provided for supplying water
to one of the feeding rollers C over the whole of its length.
A bracket G³ which is cast with the main frame A supports a driving shaft J on
which the fixed and loose pulleys N N, a small pulley L, and a large pulley Karė
mounted. The pulley L transmits motion through a belt to a corresponding
pulloy L' on a shaft P which is carried in bearings A in the main frame A and
upon which are mounted pinions e¹ e' which engage with the toothed wheels e of
the plates dd of the cylinder or roller D, driving this in the dosired direction.
The said shaft P is moreover provided with two chain wheels i and f the former of
which corresponds to the chain-wheel at the inner end of the shaft I carried in
bearings A³ in the main frame. The shaft I has at its outer end a chain wheel /
which drives a corresponding chain-wheel on the shaft of the upper feeding
roller C in the direction of its arrow figure 1. As shown in figure 2 the threo
pairs of rollers cc, c¹ c², c³ c² are connected in pairs on the left-hand side by the
toothed wheels m, m, m³, m³, m³ m², in such a manner that the pinion, turning
the upper feeding roller c in one direction, turns the lower feeding roller c in the
opposite direction. This latter feeding roller is provided at the other end, figure 1,
with a pinion n which engages with an intermediate pinion n² running loosely on
a spindle fixed in the main frame; this pinion n' actuates another pinion n³ upon
the lower feeding roller c', which transmits the motion in a direction opposite to
that of the upper feeding roller c by means of the toothed wheels m² m². The
pinion n engages with another pinion n³ on the shaft of the upper grooved
roller c and transmits rotary motion to the lower roller c² in an opposite direction
by means of the toothed wheels m² m².
The upper grooved roller o has on the outer side of the pinion n³ a pinion o
which actuates the wheel o¹ of the inner roller of the endless table B. By the
arrangement of the different pinions, the velocity of the feeding rollers is made
variable that is to say, it is augmented as regards those situated nearest to the
cylinder or roller D.
In order to drive the regulating rollers XX', which rotate very slowly, the
lower feeding roller c has, independently of the connecting pinion m, a similar
pinion by the side of the latter which engages with a wheel p connected to one of
the regulating rollers ✗; a pinion p³ upon the latter behind the wheel p engages
with a pinion p² running loosely on a stud in the frame, which pinion actuates &

page_text: wheel 9 upon the regulator roller X'; this latter turns therefore more slowly than
the roller X.
The chain wheel on the shaft P actuates the corresponding pinion f¹ on the
shaft of the intermediate roller F. The large pulley K on the driving shaft J
transmits motion to the small pulley K¹ on the shaft of the brush H and turns the
latter with great velocity.
On the extremity of the driving shaft is fitted a disc with a crank pin w which
serves for communicating the aforesaid alternating motion to the tubular system
above described.
The crank pin wis connected by a rod t having at its ends suitable ball and
socket joints, with one arms of a bell-crank lever having its fulcrum upon a pivot v
fixed upon the auxiliary frame A¹. The other arm s¹ of the said bell-crank-lever
is jointed between the lugs or projections u on the tube R¹. This mechanism is
shown in plan in figure 3 and it may be easily seen that at every revolution of the
shaft J, and consequently of the pin w, the tubular system makes a motion
communicated through the connecting rod t to the bell-crank lever 8 8¹, in a
longitudinal direction.
The burring of the wool is effected as follows, that is to say:-The wool is
spread upon the endless table which is not represented in figure 3 and only partly
in the other figures and which can be made in any suitable manner; and then
passed under the roller c³, which compresses it and exerts a certain tension upon it,
it thence passes to the grooved rollers c³ c² which create a grinding action between
them and remove as powder all foreign substances, such as stones etc and then
carry the wool to the feeding rollers c¹ c¹ cc, which conduct it to the burring
roller D to which they deliver it in a wet state, by reason of the water issuing
from the tube 2. The roller D when revolving transports the wool beneath the
first regulating roller X, the bent needles of which catch the wool surrounding the
burrs but by the rotation of the said cylinder or roller and regulator roller X the
pieces of wool thus caught are exposed to the action of water, which flows from
the tube 7, until the points of the bent needles or wires on the regulating roller lie
in the same direction as the jet of water. During this time the jet of water under
pressure washes or separates the fibres of the wool from the burrs, and throws them
into the spaces between the teeth of the cylinder or roller D, whilst the burrs
which are completely freed from the wool are held between the points of the said
teeth.
The burrs which are not perfectly freed from the wool are separated from the
needles or wires of the regulating roller X as soon as the points lie in the same
direction as the jet of water; they then pass to the second regulating roller X¹
where they undergo similar treatment, being watered on one side by the jet of
water ejected from the large tube R³. By means of this second regulator, the burrs
are without fail freed from the fibres of wool which still cling to them. The work
of the regulating rollers X X is of great importance in this system of burring,
because they turn the pieces of wool containing the burrs around in such a manner
that they present to the action of the water sometimes the upper side and sometimes
the lower side; so that even if two burrs were superposed they would be completely
freed from the wool by means of the two regulating rollers X X' in combination
with the jets of water under pressure ejected from the tubes which receive an
alternating motion. The portions of the wool which have thus passed underneath
the needles or wires of the regulators, are subjected to the action of the larger jet
of water from the tube R2 which forces them into the spaces between the teeth,
thereby separating from them the foreign substances which they contain, such as
dust.
In this manner the roller becomes covered at a certain portion of its periphery
with a fleece of wool lodged between the teeth which hold between their points the
burrs completely freed from the wool in which they were contained.
The roller D, as it continues its rotation, passes in front of the intermediate
roller F the teeth of which extend between the teeth of the said cylinder or roller D,

page_text: so as to remove therefrom the burrs, which, being caught by the needles or wires,
of the roller F are afterwards swept therefrom by the brush H, and fall upon
a separating sieve or other receptacle suitably arranged between the sides of the
frame. The cylinder or roller D therefore, carries only the washed and burred
wool, and in order to remove this from between the teeth 61 it is passed beneath
the jets of water ejected from the interior tube R, which completes the washing of
the wool and removes it the more easily the more the spaces between the toothed
bars are enlarged towards the interior.
The quantity of water used in the machine constructed as above described and
shown in the drawings, is very great but can be reduced by one half by dispensing
with the interior central tube and substituting for it an apparatus adapted for
removing the wool from the bars of the cylinder or roller by mechanical means.
For this purpose, into the intervening space between each two bars enters
a blade of zinc or other suitable material designed to push back and thus throw
down all matter lodged between the bars and adhering to them.
Figure 7 of the annexed drawing is a cross-section of the roller D provided with
this modification mentioned.
Figure 7 shows a partial longitudinal section of the same.
Instead of the water tube a hollow or solid shaft B is passed through the hollow
journals a a of the cylinder or roller upon the two ends of which shaft are screwed
flanges B which, in order to prevent the movement of the said shaft aro secured
to the bearings by means of four counter-sunk screw-bolts V. Two or more
excentrics E are keyed in proper places upon the fixed shaft B. Only one of these
excentrics is shewn in the drawing, placed near the end plate d of the roller.
Upon the ring or strap L of the said excentric is fixed in any suitable manner
a disc H of sheet-iron, which rotates together with the said ring L. This disc is
provided on its periphery with as many radial notches as there are spaces between
the bars b of the roller D, and in each notch in the said disc is soldered to small
plates g or otherwise suitably fixed, a blade of zinc Z of the same length as the
bais b, so that the rings or straps of the excentrics provided with the discs thus
fitted with blades, constitute a wheel having uniform and radial vanes placed very
near to each other and extending into the space between the bars 'b of the said
cylinder or roller. The centre a of each excentric E is situated below the centre
of the cylinder or roller a sufficient distance to allow, in the upper part of the roller,
the blades Z to extend into the spaces between the bars only a few millimeters
(just enough to keep them from leaving that space, while in the lower portion they
extend beyond the outer edges of the bars, a distance sufficient to enable them to
remove with the greatest facility all matter lodged between the bars.
The ring L carrying the wheel or disc with vanes or blades Z is held upon the
excentric by rings ce secured to said excentric, between which rings the said wheel
can rotate freely with the cylinder or roller. This rotation can be effected by the
simple pressure of the bars b against the blades Z but it is preferable, in order that
neither of them shall sustain an injurious pressure, to drive the wheel with the
blades simultaneously with the cylinder or roller by means of two studs cc
serowed to the plate d and neting in slits formed in the disc H.
It is easy to perceive that the wool, which by the jets of water ejected from the
upper hydraulic tube has been forced between the teeth of the cylinder or roller D
and is thus placed in strips upon the latter, is gradually pressed out of the space
between the teeth by the said blades Z which advance in the lower portion of the
roller proportionally to its rotation, and as soon the blades Z pass beyond the
bars b, these strips of wool are separated from the roller along the whole of its
length and fall upon the false bottom of the roller-vat, or into any other suitable
receptacle.
By this arrangement for mechanically removing the wool from between the teeth
of the cylinder or roller not only is a great saving of water effected but the wool
is separated with more uniformity or regularity than heretofore, that is to say, in a
Continuous strip and not cut or divided into small pieces by the pressure of the water,

page_text: In the two cases in which either the interior tube R or the apparatus just
described is employed, the whole, water and wool, are collected in a vat Y having
two bottoms the upper one of which is perforated so that the wool is retained by
it in the upper compartment, whilst the water with the sand and other foreign matter
contained in it passes into the lower compartment, froin which it can be discharged
through a. cock in proportion to the speed with which it enters. The vat is
arranged in any suitable manner between the sides of the frame A A, and the
upper compartment for the collection of the wool has a larger capacity than is
necessary for the wool.
If the apparatus described with reference to Figure 7 is employed the machine
has the appearance as in figure 8 which illustrates the complete apparatus, which
is operated as follows, that is to say-On the shaft of the feed-roller c¹ is.fixed
a pulley which imparts slow motion to the drum or cylinder El³. A comb i is
actuated by a pulley placed on the shaft of the brush G.
The compressing rollers K K¹ L" L, and M" M are actuated by toothed
wheels but one of these upon each pair carries a pulley r which is driven by
a pulley fixed on the shaft 1 Figuro 1.
The rollers L L M M' are driven by a chain not described.
The drawing-frame is placed behind the compressing rollers M M and is of
the ordinary type with only one hend. It may be replaced by a gill or other
device for drawing the wool and capable of transmitting it to the finishing head S.
The operation of the apparatus shown in Figure 8 is as follows, the raw wool in
either a wet or dry condition is spread upon the table A, it thence passes to the
feed rollers cc' which present it to the roller E constructed as hereinbefore
'described.
The rollers c¹¹ and c¹¹¹ detain the non-separated wool on the needles and and force
it to separate.
Water is thrown upon the wool, in the proportion as it is taken up by the needles,
through the pipes, D 'D' D'¹.
A brush G turns rapidly and throws into the trough or receptacle V the burrs
which have remained at the surface of the teeth, the said brush in this case being
arranged to lift the burrs directly from the burring cylinder.
The cylinder His provided with card clothing and turns very slowly to take up
the wool as it is delivered from between the teeth by the zinc blades.
The comb I to which a rapid motion is imparted separates the wool from the
cylinder H' which wool is transformed into sliver as it is passed into the trumpet X
which directs it to the compressing rollers K K¹. These rollers deliver it to the
rollers L L L which force the sliver to pass into soap water contained in a tank N.
Leaving the compressing rollers L" Li, the sliver passes up to the roller M and
thence down to the roller M' which causes the sliver to pass through a second bath
at N. It again ascends in order to pass between the two compressing rollers M" M
and from these rollers it travels over a table O which delivers it to the roller P
which after having drawn it, transmits it to two grooved cylinders or rollers R R¹
The sliver is then rolled upon the finishing head S which forms it ready for being
combed after having undergone several drawing operations by means of drawing
frames or gill-boxes without having to pass the card again.
Although I have described a complete machine in which the wool is 'treated
I may if desired arrange one or more new or old machines together, for obtaining
a sliver of wool in a single operation.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:-
First. In a machine for burring wool or similar materials, and wherein jets of
water are employed, the hollow cylinder or roller D having plates &d upon which
are secured, in order to form the periphery of the said roller, the toothed bars 6 of
phosphor bronze, substantially as described with reference to Figures 4, 5 and 6 of
the drawings.

page_text: Second. In a machine for burring wool or similar materials wherein jets of water
are employed, the regulating rollers X, X', provided on their peripheries with bent
points or needles, combined with the roller D as shown in Figure 5 of the drawing,
whereby the fibres of wool containing the burrs are exposed for a considerable
time to the action of the water in order to remove the burrs completely from the
wool in which they are entangled, substantially as described.
Third. In a machine for burring wool or similar materials, the arrangement of
the water tubing to which alternating or reciprocating motion is imparted (the
said motion being transmitted from the driving shaft by means of the crank pin u
the connecting rod t with ball and socket joints and the bell-crank lever 8 8¹;
';)
the tubes R2 r communicating with each other through the bent tubes and
being arranged horizontally above the roller D in the brackets M M and communi-
cating through the exterior tube R¹ with the tube R which extends longitudinally
through the burring roller at the centre, passing through the hollow journals a a,
the tubes R R³r having transverse incisions or slits on their lower sides, through
which the jets of water are ejected under pressure, those jets which leave the upper
tubes being designed to remove from the entangled wool the burrs contained in it
and to force it between the teeth b¹ of the roller D, from which teeth it is dis-
engaged, after the sweeping of the burrs by the covering of the intermediate
roller F, by the pressure of the jets of water passing from the interior tube R, and
precipitated into the tank Y, substantially as described and as represented in the
accompanying drawings.
Fourth. In a machine for burring wool, the combination with the endless table B,
of the compressing roller c³, the pairs of rollers cc, c¹ c¹, c², c³, the burring roller D
and the fixed water-tube having a longitudinal slit or spout, substantially as
shown and described.
Fifth. In a machine for burring wool or similar materials, the combination with
the roller D, of the intermediate roller F having the covering of fixed needles bent
at right angles, to remove the burrs from the teeth of the burring roller, and the
brush H for cleaning the teeth of the said intermediate roller, substantially as
described and shown.
Sixth. In a machine for burring wool, the blades represented in Figures 7 and 7ª
of the drawing and having for their object to push the wool back from between
the needles of the burring roller 1) thereby dispensing with the interior tube R².
Seventh. A burring machine comprising the cylinder H, and the comb i, in
combination with a drawing machine and its gills: substantially as described with
reference to Figure 8.
Eighth. In a machine for burring wool, the application, in the interior of the
burring roller, of a wheel having radial blades Z placed eccentrically with respect
to the centre of the burring roller in such a manner that the said blades extend
into the spaces between the bars, passing beyond the edges of the bars at the lower
portion of the said roller a sufficient distance to remove with facility the strip of
wool forced between them by the water, substantially as described with reference
to the accompanying drawings.
AA
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
For the Applicant.