matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM BOILERS OR GENERATORS, AND IN TUBES FOR THE SAME
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Harrison Adams at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th November 1876.
JOSEPH HARRISON ADAMS, of Fulham Road, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM BOILERS OR GENERATORS, AND
IN TUBES FOR THE SAME."
This Invention consists in improvements in the construction of steam boilers or
generators, and in tubes for steam boilers, whereby a greater heating surface is
obtained and a better circulation is produced, thereby effecting a saving of fuel.
In carrying out my improvements in that class of boilers known as Cornish
boilers, the tubes are arranged in two series in such a manner that the heat from
the furnace first passes through the upper series and returns through the lower
series, which is placed parallel with the first series, and then passes away in the
usual manner through the ordinary flues to the chimney. The bridge of the
furnace is so arranged as to form the division between the upper and lower series
of tubes.
My improvements in tubes for steam boilers consist in the construction and
employment of what I call combined air and water tubes, such tubes consisting of
an outer and an inner tube, the latter being of less diameter than the former. The
inner tube, which is for the water, is placed in the centre of and parallel with the
outer tube, the annular space between the two tubes forming the space for the
heated air from the furnace, and thus serves for heating the water in the inner tubes,
and also the water in the spaces between the outer tubes.
I prefer to fix the ends of the smaller tube to the side of the outer or air tube at
a short distance from the ends of the same and at opposite sides thereof. Where the
tubes are placed vertically the top end of the smaller tube may be fixed in the top
end of the larger tube. If it is desired to make the central tube the same size as
the chimney, it may contain more than one inner water tube.
These improved combined air and water tubes are applicable to all classes of steam
hailore
ROLLER OR RINK SKATES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Rodolphe Cross at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 21st April 1876.
RODOLPHE CROSSE, of Kensington, in the County of Middlesex.
IN ROLLER OR RINK SKATES."
"IMPROVEMENTS
My Invention is as follows:-Each of the brackets on which the rollers are
mounted is by means of one screwed or otherwise formed centre or stud fixed to
the bed of the skate. The two brackets are united by means of a flat spring, which
is firmly fixed to each bracket; each bracket pivots on its fastening stud, and the
flat spring causes the two brackets to work together so as to cause them to assume
the required mutual converging position for facilitating the wearer of the skate
to describe curves or gyrations. For the purpose of giving the spring the required
bend which causes the rollers to converge a double or bell crank lever is mounted
on each side of the skate in the fore part of the same, and the arms of this bell
crank lever are so bent that the wearer by pressing one side or the other of the
foot downwards as required for either right or left movement thereby presses against
one arm of the bell crank lever, its other arm thereby so pressing against one side
of the spring as to cause it to assume a curvature, whereby the brackets are turned
on their pivots and consequently the rollers are caused to converge. The brackets
may be made with single or double rollers or wheels.
In order to facilitate the depression of the foot to one side or the other I
prefer to make the part of the bed or sole plate on which it more directly rests
somewhat narrower than the sole of the foot, or to make the fore part of the sole
rest directly on a rounded projection or knob on the sole plate.
AN IMPROVED PRESS FOR COPYING LETTERS AND OTHER DOCUMENTS, AND FOR SIMILAR PURPOSES."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Bosmer Sargent at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st July 1876. Partly a communica-
tion from abroad by L. A. Grosclaude, of Geneva, Switzerland.
*
WILLIAM BOSMER SARGENT, of the City and State of New York, United States
of America, now of No. 8, Southampton Buildings, London. AN IMPROVED PRESS
FOR COPYING LETTERS AND OTHER DOCUMENTS, AND FOR SIMILAR PURPOSES."
Partly a communication.
This Invention relates to a press for copying letters and other documents, and
which may also be used for pressing flowers to prepare them for preservation, and
for other similar purposes. The peculiar feature of my improved press is the
mechanism whereby great pressure may be exerted upon books or other articles in
the press with very slight exertion, and which renders the press very compact,
durable, and generally convenient.
My improved press is constructed with bottom and top plates or slabs of wood or
metal, and of any desired size. At the upper side of the said top plate and
extending across the same I arrange a small shaft which is fitted to turn freely in
bearings secured upon the said plate near the edges thereof. This shaft has at its
two extremities cranks of a very short throw or radius. On the pins of the said
cranks I fit small rods or links whose lower ends are provided with hooks, and
these hooks are arranged to take into other hooks which are secured adjustably in
the bottom plate or board of the press, that is to say, these last named hooks have
screw shanks which pass down through the said plate and through small wheels
whose bosses have screw thrends fitted to the said shanks. The said wheels are
kept in place by small metal cross bars secured to the bottom of the plate or board.
I prefer that one of the screw shanks of the said adjusting hooks should have a
right-handed thread, and that the other should have a left-handed thread, so that
the two hooks may be adjusted in either direction by the same movement of the
fingers of both hands. The aforesaid crank shaft is provided at or about its centre
with a handle or lever, and by turning this handle or lever the said shaft is adjusted
to apply or relax the pressure as desired. The bottom plate or board of the said
press is provided at one edge with eyes or rings whereby it may be suspended upon
Posing 2dI

page_text: the wall of an office, or the like. The top plate or board is hinged or jointed to the
bottom plate or board at the opposite edge of the latter, so that when the press is
suspended against a wall the top plate or board may be opened or turned down to
form a shelf, and to support the said top plate in this position it is connected to the
other plate by a toggle link at one or both sides, and the plates are provided with
stops to relieve the joints of strain.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WHEELS OR ROLLERS FOR ROLLER SKATES, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Bown at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 19th August 1876.
WILLIAM BOWN, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WHEELS OR ROLLERS FOR ROLLER
SKATES, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES."
My Invention relates to the construction of wheels or rollers for roller skates, the
sheaves or wheels of pullies, and wheels of various descriptions, capable of turning
upon a shaft, and has for its object to so construct such wheels or rollers that their
axles may be kept properly lubricated, and the lubricating substance or liquid
prevented from escaping from the box or from the rubbing surfaces and dropping
about. To this end the wheel or roller, which may be constructed of metal, wood,
or other suitable material is bored out at the centre, so as to form a cylindrical box
or chamber, the sides of which are formed of steel discs which are countersunk into
the sides of the wheel or roller and properly secured thereto. Holes are made in
these steel discs for the axle to pass through, and the discs form the bearing surfaces
for the axles, which therefore do not come into contact with the body of the wheel
or roller. A vacant space is thus left all round the axle, and in this space I place
a piece of sponge, wool, cotton, felt, or other analogous porous substance, which will
absorb and hold the liquid lubricant, and while keeping the rubbing surfaces
properly lubricated will prevent the oil from escaping from the box.
In one of the steel discs is made a hole, through which the oil or other lubricant
may be introduced into the axle box, and this hole is covered by a small moveable
plate, which is mounted on a pin or stud, on which it may be turned to open or
close the hole. This plate will prevent the oil from escaping, and will also prevent
dirt or dust from entering the box. If preferred this hole may be closed by means
of a small screw or plug instead of by the small moveable plate, I prefer the latter
however, as (being permanently attached to the steel disc) it is not so liable to get
lost as a loose screw or stud would be.
For wheels of carriages and other vehicles the naves may be constructed in the
manner above described, and the spokes and felloes may be adapted thereto in the
usual manner.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MODE OR METHOD OF HARDENING AND STIFFENING STEEL WIRE AND STEEL STRIPS, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Fildes Cocker and Benjamin
Frederick Cocker at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th
September 1876.
THOMAS FILDES COCKER, junior, of Sheffield, in the County of York, and
BENJAMIN FREDERICK COCKER, of Retford, in the County of Nottingham, "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MODE OR METHOD OF HARDENING AND STIFFENING STEEL WIRE
AND STEEL STRIPS, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR."
Our Invention has for its object the hardening and stiffening of steel wire and
steel strips by means of a cold blast, and consists in the combination with a
furnace and arrangement for heating such wire and strips of a drum in which the
blast is collected and concentrated on to the wire (or strips) as it leaves the furnace
in a heated state, and thereby cools the wire (or strips) as required.
"
The wire is passed from a swift"
or wheel and led through a pipe containing
lead which is always kept in a molten state by the pipe being fitted over the fire
of the furnace and surrounded by fire, by which means the wire becomes thoroughly
heated before it leaves the furnace. By the end of the furnace whence the wire
passes out in a heated state is mounted a drum having a central passage for the
wire and formed with internal air passages arranged so as to receive the cold air
forced into them by means of a fan through a pipe and concentrate the blast on to
the wire as it is drawn through the said central passage.
The wire after being
hardened or stiffened by means of the cold blast in the manner stated is wound
upon a
"swift" or wheel and is ready for use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE UNION JOINTS FOR CON- NECTING PIPES OR TUBES WITH COCKS, TAPS, OR FAUCETS OF ALE, WINE, AND OTHER CASKS OR BARRELS, AND FOR SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Wright at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd May 1876.
WILLIAM WRIGHT, of Foreign Street, Brixton, in the County of Surrey, Plumber
and Hot Water Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE UNION JOINTS FOR CON-
NECTING PIPES OR TUBES WITH COCKS, TAPS, OR FAUCETS OF ALE, WINE, AND
OTHER CASKS OR BARRELS, AND FOR SIMILAR PURPOSES."
This Invention relates to union joints for connecting pipes or tubes to cocks,
taps, or faucets for drawing ale, winc, or spirits or other liquids from the casks or
barrels containing the same, and for other pipe or tube connections or couplings.
These union joints consist of a socket in one of the two parts to be united, and a
shouldered piece soldered on the pipe, and which fits into the said socket and is
mado tight therein by a nut fitted to a thread on the socket and screwed down
upon the shoulder or collar on the said shouldered piece. In the joints ordinarily
employed for these purposes the said socket and shouldered piece have been hereto-
fore mado round, so that the said shouldered piece could turn freely in the socket,
and consequently it frequently happened that in screwing down the aforesaid nut
to make the joint tight the said shouldered piece would be turned around with tho
nut, and would therefore be twisted off of the pipe on which it was soldered, and
would consequently have to be removed for resoldering or replaced by a new piece.
My Invention is designed to entirely obviate the above difficulty, and thereby
avoid the delay, expense, and other inconveniences resulting from the above
described imperfect method of forming these joints. For this purpose I form in tho
cock, tap, or faucet, or other article forming one of the parts to be connected a
square socket or a socket having any number of flat sides, and I also form the
sliouldered piece which fits in and couples with the said socket of the same shape.
The nut is applied to the joint in the usual manner. By this novel construction of
the parts of these joints it will be seen that I entirely prevent any danger of.
twisting the shouldered pieco from the pipe on which it is soldered, as the flat sides
of the socket and of tho said piece offer an effectual resistance to any tendency of
the same to turn with the nut when the same is being screwed down to make the
joint tight.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM OR OTHER MOTIVE POWER ENGINES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas McCulloch, David McCulloch,
and James Burnett at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th
June 1876.
THOMAS McCULLOCH, DAVID McCULLOCH and JAMES BURNETT, all of Kilmarnock,
in the County of Ayr, North Britain, Engineers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM OR
OTHER MOTIVE POWER ENGINES."
This Invention has reference to a new or improved mode and means of or ar-
rangement for constructing and fitting the piston rods to the pistons and cylinders
of stationary cylinder steam or other motive engines so as to couple the free end
of the piston rod direct to the crank shaft, as in oscillating and trunk engines,
without connecting rods or guides, or the necessity of a moving cylinder or of the
trunk reciprocating, thus giving all the advantages of this class of engines in com-
pactness with greater cheapness in first cost of construction and suitable for both
single and compound cylinder engines.
And the nature and novelty of this Invention or its improvements consist in con-
necting the inner end of the piston rod to the piston by a ball or oscillating joint,
made steam or fluid-tight, when the piston rod is inserted from the back of the
piston; and further in fitting a fluid-tight lateral sliding plate at or on the end of
the cylinder through which the piston rod passes oscillating in a wide transverso
slot, over which and an eliptic packing recess and soft elastic or spring metallic
ring packing the plate slides, with a collar or other equivalent outside for keeping
the plate close steam-tight up to the packing. The piston rod passes out through a
round eye or boss in the centre of this plate; and outside this is fitted with and
passes out through a short stuffing box piece, separate from but oscillating by a
ball or oscillating joint, ground or working steam tight, with a stuffing gland,
or other equivalent in the boss or eye in the sliding plate, through both of which
the piston rod works, having its butt or bushed free end (as in trunk and oscillating
engines) directly connected to the crank or crank pin of the crank shaft. The steam-
tight recess for the lateral sliding plate might either be formed or planed in the actual
end of the cylinder, or in its screwed-on end or cover, and either have an outer
cover or tightening plates over the outer ends or sides of the sliding plates.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RINK SKATES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Alexander Richmond Morison
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th April 1876.
JAMES ALEXANDER RICHMOND MORISON, of Saint Stephen's Chambers, in the
City of Westminster, Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN RINK SKATES."
My Invention consists in constructing rink skates with two or more, by preference
two, axleless spheres or balls arranged one in front of another below the stock or
foot plate, so as to form the surface upon which the plate travels. Each of these
spheres is held loosely by a frame or claws attached to the under side of the stock,
and the said frame or claws also carry antifriction rollers or balls against which the
sphere bears. The axes of the antifriction rollers should be at right angles to the
line of the skate.
My Invention further consists in applying behind and in contact with the
rear sphere, or behind each of the rear rollers in roller skates, a roller roughened
or not, which I call a skid roller. It does not run upon the surface of the rink but
is caused to rotate by the friction of the sphere or rollers.
When the skater wishes to stop he depresses his heels so as to bring the skid
roller upon
the rink, this action causes a reverse rotation of this roller which
therefore acts as a skid or break upon the sphere or rollers. The periphery of the
skid roller should be shaped to fit the sphere or rollers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINE SHUTTLES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Mac Nay Rimington at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th April 1876.
JOHN MAC NAY RIMINGTON, of the Town and County of Newcastle-upon-Tyne,
Merchant. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINE SHUTTLES."
According to this Invention a strip of steel or other suitable metal is placed
longitudinally in the hollow of the shuttle, and against one side thereof. One end
of the said strip of metal is fastened to the solid metal forming the nose of the
shuttle, the other end being left loose so as to convert it into a spring.
When it is desired to thread the shuttle the thread is passed from the spool or
bobbin contained therein between the spring and the side of the shuttle, and over a
notch formed in the upper edge of the spring through a hole formed in the other
side of the shuttle, the threading being then completed.
The end of a small screw which passes through the side of the shuttle near the
nose thereof presses against the spring, and by regulating the pressure upon the
same the requisite degree of tension of the thread is obtained.
A NEW OR IMPROVED COMBUSTIBLE COMPOSITION APPLICABLE TO VARIOUS USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Giovanni Gilardi at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 19th February 1876.
GIOVANNI GILARDI, of Leghorn, Italy, at present residing at Golden Square, in
the County of Middlesex. "A NEW OR IMPROVED COMBUSTIBLE COMPOSITION
APPLICABLE TO VARIOUS USEFUL PURPOSES.”
This new or improved combustible composition consists of the following
ingredients and proportions or thereabouts:-
100 pounds charcoal or carbon obtained from the stems, branches, or roots, of
the vine plant; the commercial name of this substance in France,
Italy, and elsewhere, being known as the "noir de vigne."
11/2
16
"
33
2
»
nitre or saltpetre.
wheaten or other similar flour.
gum arabic or other suitable gum.
The gum is advantageously dissolved in water and added to the other ingredients
(reduced to powder and mixed together) until a thick paste is formed, which may
be pressed into moulds of suitable form according to the purpose for which the
composition is required, it is then dried ready for use.
The proportions of the several ingredients may be considerably varied according
as the composition may be required to burn fast or slow for any particular purpose
to which it is to be applied.
For some purposes the gum may be omitted, particularly when it is desired to
make a cheap composition. This combustible composition may be advantageously
employed for heating foot warmers for railway travelling and other uses, also for
cigar and pipe lighters. It is also found useful as a substitute for the ordinary
diamond for dividing or cutting glass (by the action of heat) into various shapes or
forms, being also useful for the application of heat to other purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PACKING RINGS AND IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank Wirth at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 16th September 1876. A communication
from Theodor Remus, residing at Lodz, in the Empire of Russia.
FRANK WIRTH, of the Firm of Wirth and Company, Patent Agency, of Frankfort-
on-the-Maine, in the Empire of Germany. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PACKING RINGS AND
IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME" A communi-
cation.
My Invention relates to improvements in packing rings and in the method of and
apparatus for manufacturing the same. The said packing rings are made of one
unsoldered piece of copper and showing a triangular cross section, and are manu-
factured in the following manner, that is to say:-Round plates or discs are
stamped out of metallic plates, and by means of a press drawn over a steel or iron
bolt the thickness of which corresponds with the diameter of the ring to be made.
This covered bolt is then fixed on a lathe, and the metallic cap covering the bolt is
by means of four rollers cut into rings, which at the same time are rolled. By
turning a spindle which has a left and right hand thread the rollers can be caused
to approach or separate from each other. The said rollers are made of hardened
steel, and have at their circumference a cutting edge
The bottom of the disc covering the head of the bolt is afterwards employed for
making smaller rings.
By the above described apparatus rings can only be made of a determined
diameter, but rings of larger dimensions may be cut by providing the apparatuş
with a metallic cap placed on the disc, on which rings of any desired diameter can
be cut and rolled.
It is well known that metal is the most suitable material for packing, especially
for screws where two surfaces are to be packed hermetically one against another.
In consequence whereof rings have heretofore been employed made of a piece of
round or square copper thread, the ends of which were soldered together, but these
rings could not be employed in all cases because they do not fully answer to their
purpose and their manufacture is difficult and costly. The soldered part of such
rings had always less solidity and softness than the other parts, and neither the
round or the square form of the ring were found quite satisfactory.

page_text: My above described ring has none of the inconveniences of these other rings, and
possesses the following advantages, namely,---
First. The metal of which the same is made affords all the solidity and softness
required for a good packing ring.
Second. The same is not soldered.
Third. Its triangular form is the most suitable one.
Fourth. Its price is not high.
These improved packing rings can be made of any suitable size.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN INDIA-RUBBER VALVES, AND IN THE MEANS FOR RETAINING VALVES IN THEIR SEATS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isaac Blue Harris at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd June 1876.
ISAAC BLUE HARRIS, of Castle Mills, Fountainbridge, Edinburgh.
" IMPROVE-
MENTS IN INDIA-RUBBER VALVES, AND IN THE MEANS FOR RETAINING VALVES IN
THEIR SEATS."
This Invention relates to the employment of the elastic pressure derivable from
india-rubber tubing for closing valves applied to such tubing, or for closing orifices
to which such tubing is applied as a valve.
When fitting air bags according to my Invention I attach thereto a flanged india-
rubber tube with a closed head. At the side of the tube near the head is a hole for
the admission and expulsion of air, there being sufficient internal space between the
hole and closed head to receive a glass or other hard spherical valve. Over the
tube a loose metal ring is fitted, it being of such diameter that it will compress the
tube at the part embraced, and thus slightly contract its internal diameter. When
the valve is forced down the tube towards the ring it will be nipped by the tube
and held in place against the internal pressure of the air, but when the air is to
be discharged, say, for collapsing the vessel, the valve is forced up past the air
hole and the seat for the air is consequently opened. Where greater resistance is
required than the simple adhesion of the ball to the rubber will afford I make the
india-rubber tube open at the head, and insert a cylindrical core of rubber some-
what less in diameter than the tube. This core I secure in place by a cross strap,
pin, or equivalent contrivance, and between annular ribs outside the tube I place a
metal ring as before explained. By sliding this ring down it will press the tube
into contact with the corc, and thereby close the passage between the tube and the
core. To open the valve it will only be necessary to slip the ring past the core,
and an anuular passage will be opened for the admission or discharge of water or
other fluid.
Another adaptation of the closing ring is to fit on the closed tapering end of a
rigid tube pierced with lateral holes a tube of india-rubber, and to place the ring on
this elastic tube. By pushing the ring close up to the tapered end of the rigid tube
the surrounding elastic tube will be caused to close the hole in the rigid tube.
drawing back the ring the rubber tube will expand and open the holes for the
discharge or passage of water, air, or other fluid.
On
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WHISKY AND OTHER SPIRITS, AND IN APPARATUS FOR THE SAME.
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Patrick Griffin at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 21st August 1876.
"AN IMPROVEMENT
PATRICK GRIFFIN, of the City and County of Cork, Ireland.
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WHISKY AND OTHER SPIRITS, AND IN APPARATUS FOR THE
SAME.
"
My Invention relates to an improvement in the manufacture of whisky and other
spirits, and in apparatus used therein; the object of the Invention being to purify
the whisky or other spirit by depriving it of the impurities by which it is con-
taminated, and also to reduce it to the legal strength for bonding.
Before whisky as commonly made is fit for consumption, it is necessary to keep
it for a considerable time to allow of it undergoing that natural process of purifi-
cation which time effects in alcoholic liquors, but by my Invention I am enabled
at small cost and in a very short time to deprive it of all those injurious qualities
which in the ordinary way are only eliminated by age.
My Invention consists in submitting the whisky or other spirit in a divided state
to the action of a current of atmospheric air in the following manner:-The whisky
or other spirit is conveyed from the still into a perforated pan or vessel located
within, and at the upper part of a hollow column about 15 feet in height, the pan
or vessel being furnished with regulating screw plugs or equivalent devices in each
hole to control the passage of the spirit through them, and cause it to fall in small
drops. The spirit falls in this divided state through the whole beight of the
column into a receiver below, and in its descent it meets and is acted upon by an
ascending current of atmospheric air forced into the column at the lower parts by
fans or other blowers, which air after ascending through the column and acting on
the falling spirit as above mentioned, escapes at the top of the column through a
suitable chimney or shaft.
I also employ the process and apparatus of my Invention for reducing the spirit
to the legal strength, instead of diluting it as now practised in Ireland before
putting it into bond.
IMPROVEMENTS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Shaw at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 16th December 1876.
JAMES SHAW, of Brighton, in the County of Sussex,
VELOCIPEDES."
." “IMPROVEMENTS IN
My Invention relates to an improved construction of bicycle and mechanism for
propelling the same at high speed by one or two riders.
The fore wheel is of large diameter and the perch is forked and mounted directly
on the axle of the fore wheel without the usual steering fork, the steering being
effected by the hind wheel, which is considerably smaller and is mounted in a
steering fork connected to the perch, which passes over this hind wheel and extends
back in rear to support the second rider's seat, and may be provided with handles for
steadying the bicycle when ridden by a learner. The steering handle is immediately
behind the fore wheel, on a vertical spindle mounted in a socket in the perch, and
having short lever arms connected with the steering fork of the hind wheel. The
first rider's seat is supported on the perch about the middle of its length; power is
applied to the fore wheel to propel the vehicle by endless pitch chains (one at either
side) passing round chain drums keyed on the axle of the fore wheel and round
other similar drums fixed on an axle mounted in a hanging bracket or support
carried beneath the perch, the said axle being provided with foot cranks operated
by the first rider in the usual way; to these cranks are attached cords terminating
in suitable handles held by the second rider, and through which he thus assists in
the propulsion of the vehicle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REFINING MINERAL AND OTHER OILS, AND IN THE MODE AND MEANS EMPLOYED THEREFOR."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Garroway and John Garroway
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th September 1876.
WILLIAM GARROWAY and JOHN GARROWAY, both of Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain. "IMPROVEMENTS IN REFINING MINERAL AND OTHER OILS,
AND IN THE MODE AND MEANS EMPLOYED THEREFOR."
This Invention has reference to a new or improved mode and means or pro-
cess of treating and refining the crude shale or other oils after extraction from
the shale or other parent source, in which the use of the sulphuric acid and sub-
sequent washing with caustic soda, herein-before used and found very expensive,
are dispensed with. And the nature and novelty of the Invention consist primarily
in the employment of sulphurous acid (instead of sulphuric acid) either in a gaseous
or liquid state. The crude oils are received or placed in the ordinary refining
cisterns, tanks, or troughs, where they are washed with sulphurous acid gas, which
immediately precipitates the tarry matter and other impurities in a much superior
manner to that experienced with sulphuric acid. The sulphurous acid is preferred
to be used in the liquid state, and is introduced amongst the oil gradually in such
quantity or for such period as experience determines for the particular quality or
kind of oil under treatment, the washing being continued until the tarry matter and
other impurities are precipitated and the pure oil left floating above, which, so far
purified is then run off into other vessels and again washed with sulphurous acid
and water until the impurities are fairly removed. The oil is then finally refined
in the usual manner, except that the use of caustic soda in quantity is not required
in the washing process as heretofore when sulphuric acid was used in the refining
process.
Hitherto the tarry matter obtained or produced in oil refining has been considered
as waste by reason of the vitriol contained in it, but the tarry matter resulting from
the present process being free from vitriol may be utilized for various purposes.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TRAPS FOR GULLIES, DRAINS, AND GENERAL SANITARY PURPOSES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas George Greenstreet at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th December 1876.
THOMAS GEORGE GREENSTREET, of Number 78, Camberwell New Road, in the
County of Surrey, Surveyor. "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TRAPS
FOR GULLIES, DRAINS, AND GENERAL SANITARY PURPOSES."
The Invention consists in constructing a frame of wood or other suitable material,
with a covering of india-rubber of suitable thickness stretched across it to all four
corners, and having overlapping edges; over such frame, and connected therewith,
is placed a corresponding frame of iron. This double frame is then placed upon
bearers fixed to right and left of the gulley, and is also fitted with a bow handle to
permit of removal, as occasion may require. In the india-rubber cover is made a
slit, the sides of which yielding to the weight of the superincumbent slop permit an
casy flow through the rent into the drain, effectually stopping the formation of
those "cross nests," as they are termed, which, under the present system of "arms
or "block traps" to the street gullies, choke the passage into the sewer, and from
time after time involve great trouble and expense in clearing them out. The system
of "arms or "block traps" I propose to abolish altogether, so that there may be an
uninterrupted flow direct into the drain pipe. As soon as the flow ceases the slit
in the india-rubber covering closes, and all effluvia from the sewer are effectually
trapped thereby, as well as sealed by the wedging of the overlapping edges of the
frame covering against the sides of the gulley.
"
"
IMPROVEMENTS IN BRACES FOR SUSPENDING TROUSERS AND OTHER ARTICLES OF DRESS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Edward Caines and William
Mitchell at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, on the 14th January
1876.
CHARLES EDWARD CAINES and WILLIAM MITCHELL, both of No. 41, Noble Street,
in the City of London, Brace and Belt Manufacturers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN BRACES
FOR SUSPENDING TROUSERS AND OTHER ARTICLES OF DRESS."
Our said Invention consists of the construction and combination of parts herein-
after described for connecting the tabs of braces to and disconnecting from the said
braces.
Our Invention is applicable to the front tab parts, as well as to the back tab
parts of braces.
We will describe our Invention as applied to the front ends of a brace. On the
bottom bar of the brace, buckle, or fastening, a doubled or folded piece of leather
rides, the edges of the said doubled piece of leather being sewn together. The said
doubled or folded piece of leather constitutes a tab picco to which the tab is
connected as herein-after described. In the middle of the outer or front fold of the
tab piece is a narrow vertical opening in which a metallic hook is situated and
fixed. The said metallle hook is provided with a spring tongue which closes the
opening to the hook, the free end of the spring tongue bearing against a raised part
at the beak or end of the hook. At the head of the hook is a cross piece provided
at each end with a piercing or hole. The said hook, spring, tongue, and cross piece,
are made from one piece of sheet metal. The hook is secured in the front fold of
the leather tab piece, by rivetting the head of the said hook to the said front fold,
which rivetting is effected prior to the sewing together of the folded or doubled tab
piece. The tabs are provided with rings or loops. By pressing the ring or loop of
the tab against the spring tongue of the hook fixed in the tab piece of the brace,
and drawing the tab downwards, the hook is opened and the tab ring enters the
said hook, and the tab is securely fastened to the brace. To disconnect the tab it is
only necessary to press inwards the spring tongue of the hook to permit the tab
ring being withdrawn from the said hook.
We apply our Invention to the back tab part of the brace in the manner

page_text: described with reference to the front tab parts, excepting that the leather tab pieco
to which the hook is connected is fastened to the webbing of the brace instead of
to the buckle or fastening.
The leather tab piece at the back of the brace may either be made of two pieces
of leather or of one folded or doubled piece.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILS AND CHAIRS FOR TRAMWAYS AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Clarke at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 24th March 1876.
THOMAS CLARKE, the younger, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Ironfounder,
"IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILS AND CHAIRS FOR TRAMWAYS AND OTHER SIMILAR
PURPOSES."
My Invention relates to improvements having for their object securing the rails
of tramways and other similar light railways to the chairs in a more simple and
effective manner than heretofore.
In carrying out my Invention I form on the top of the chair a block or eleva-
tion, slightly tapering (in the same line as the rails) from the top to the base, and
by preference leaving a shoulder on each side for the flanges of the rail to
rest upon.
•
The rail is forined with any desired groove, but the under side of its entire
length is provided with two pendant flanges, such flanges being of the same depth
as the block on the top of the chair, and being bent or inclined inwards to a taper
or angle corresponding with the taper of the before-mentioned block, but of sufficient
width to allow of the insertion of a flat key between the flange and the side of the
block. The rails takes a bearing on the top of the block as well as the flanges of
the rail resting on the shoulders on each side of the block.
The outward thrust of the key is taken by the wrought-iron rail instead of by
the cast metal chair, as is usual, and consequently a lighter chair can be used in
carrying out my Invention, although the security of the rail from lifting does not
necessarily depend on the pressure of the key, which I prefer to be parallel.
NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR OPERATING THE VALVES OF AIR COMPRESSORS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Shaw at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 13th December 1876.
'
JOHN SHAW, of Ovenden, near Halifax in the County of York, Contractor's
Agent. "NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR OPERATING THE VALVES OF AIR
COMPRESSORS."
This Invention relates to apparatus to be used for opening and closing the valves
of air compressors, and consists, —
Firstly. In operating such valves by means of a hydraulic apparatus comprising
an ordinary cylinder and piston, the cylinder being attached to the piston rod or
other moving part of the compressor, and the hydraulic piston rod being connected
to a cross head to which the valvo spindles of the compressor are attached.
Secondly. Instead of the appliances above described I may use a steam cylinder
and piston arranged so as to act either in conjunction with or independantly of the
moving parts of the " compressor."
Thirdly. I may operate such valves by means of one or more eccentrics suitably
arranged and worked from any convenient source.
By the above methods the operation of the valves is effected in a more positive
manner than by the action of atmospheric pressure or friction which have hitherto
been relied on for the purpose.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MILLS FOR GRINDING CORN
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Bell at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents on the 11th August 1870.
HENRY BELL, junior, of 22, St. Peter's Hill, Grantham, in the County of Lincoln.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MILLS FOR GRINDING CORN."
This Invention has for its object improvements in mills for grinding corn.
At the present time Bovill's systein for cooling the mill's stones by means of air is
in general use, but it does not at all times entirely effect its object, and especially
in moist weather there is a tendency to claminess in consequence of the moisture
from the grain not being carried off with sufficient rapidity. To obviate this I form
an opening in the case of the stones just at the entrance to the meal spout, and I
fit to this opening a mouth-piece so formed as to lead air into the case in a
tangential direction, the rotation of the stone causing an indraft. The air entering
in this way cools the meal and effectually carries off the moisture. I provide a door
or valve in the mouth-piece, by means of which the quantity of air admitted can be
regulated at pleasure.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING AND TWISTING
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Josiah Aked at the Office of the Com-
inissioners of Patents on the 16th February 1876.
JOSIAH AKED, of Halifax, in the County of York, Spinner and Manufacturer, and
DAVID BARKER, of the same Place, Mechanic. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR
SPINNING AND TWISTING."
This Invention relates to the wharles of spindles or tubes employed in such
machinery, and the object of it is to prevent "contrary" twist or twist in the
wrong direction being given to the yarn when spinning, which is frequently the
case by reason of the bands being occasionaly put on the wharles the wrong way,
and the presence of such yarn is very objectionable in woven fabrics. In order there-
fore to prevent the spindles being driven the wrong way I form an inclined groove
in the flanges of each wharle, so that if the band should be put on the wrong way
it is thrown off the wharle immediately by one of the inclined grooves. Only one
groove is required in the wharle so long as it is always placed on the side of the
frame that it is made for, but by forming two grooves, one in each flange, the
wharles will serve for each side of the frame.
THE CONSTRUCTION OF BICYCLES." "IMPROVEMENTS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Singer at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 14th October 1876.
GEORGE SINGER, of Coventry, in the County of Warwick.
THE CONSTRUCTION OF BICYCLES."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
According to this Invention I employ for the front wheel of bicycles an anti-
friction roller bearing in two parts, held together by bolts or other means, the upper
half being part-of the steering fork, and the other half being detachable. The
bearing contains several small round pieces of steel which revolve in a circular
groove or recess formed or turned in the spindle or axle of the wheel, and not as
heretofore in a recess in the fork end. I thus gain in strength and in facility for
manufacture, adjustment, and detachment.
For the bind wheel I employ a roller bearing of the following construction:-The
rollers, which are small round pieces of steel, are contained in a recess formed in the
end of the nave of the back wheel, and revolve round a pin passing through them.
The rollers are kept in the recess by means of a cap which fits over the end of the
nave and is held in place by being screwed tightly between the eye or end of the
back fork and a nut on the end of the pin, the nave revolving inside the cap, and
this latter being stationary; I thus gain cheapness of manufacture and the exclusion
of dust from the bearing. This bearing may also be used for the pedals.
I fix and arrange the handle bar or guiding appliance so that it becomes very simple
and firmn, and so that it can easily be shifted in position, and also easily removed
and repaired when required. For this purpose I form the guiding fork head with
two bosses, and through each boss I pass the screwed shank formed on each of the
eyes which carry the handle bar, and I secure the shanks to the bosses by means of
nuts. The eyes may be split below and there held together by screws.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FLOORING CRAMPS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Hampton at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 16th November 1876.
JOSEPH HAMPTON, of Wednesbury, in the County of Stafford, Tool Manufacturer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FLOORING CRAMPS."
My Invention consists in constructing and arranging the parts of flooring cramps
in the manner herein-after described, whereby great simplicity in their construction
and efficiency in their action are obtained.
I make the body or frame of the flooring cramp of a strong angle bar, the
horizontal web of the said bar being furnished with an arch-shaped channel or case
in which the cramping bar slides. The front or acting end of the said cramping bar
has a cross head, and its rear end is fixed to a screw. This screw works in the
arch-shaped channel or case on the body of the flooring cramp, and is capable only
of a sliding motion in the said channel or case. Near the end of the said screw is a
bevil toothed wheel, the eye of which wheel is made into a screw box, which works
upon the said screw. The channel or case is cut away to receive the bevil toothed
wheel and screw. box, the said toothed wheel and screw box being capable only of a
rotatory motion. The said bevil toothed wheel on the screw is worked by another
bevil toothed wheel on an axis at right angles to the screw, and the last-named
toothed wheel is worked by a winch or handle. By turning the said winch or
handle motion is transmitted through the bevil gearing to the screw box, by the
motion of which the screw is made to advance in or retire out of the said screw box.
A sliding motion is thereby given to the cramping bar, the motion of the said
cramping bar being direct, that is, in a line with the screw by which it is actuated.
The cramp is fixed on the joist during the cramping operation by the joist being
gripped between the vertical web of the angle bar of the body and an adjustable
sliding gripping plate. The said adjusting gripping plate is carried by a bracket
cast in one piece with the body or frame, the head of the gripping plate working in
a slot in the said bracket.
Motion is given to the sliding gripping plate by a screw working in a screw box
fixed on the under side of the bracket described. The inner end of the screw is
connected to the gripping plate by a swivelling joint, and the outer end of the
screw is provided with an arm or rod for turning it. By turning the fixing screw
5 Price 277

page_text: in one or other direction it is made to advance in or retire from the screw box, and
give a sliding motion to the gripping plate.
By the motion of the gripping plate in one direction it is made to advance against
the joist and fix the cramp on the said joist; and by the motion of the gripping
plate in the opposite direction the said gripping plate is released from the joist, and
the cramp may be removed.
IMPROVEMENTS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Allen at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 13th April 1870.
THOMAS ALLEN, of Southsea, in the County of Hants.
CISTERNS."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
The Invention comprises the constructing or providing cisterns with a moving
bucket or chamber within them, which may be tilted mechanically when desired, and
its contents delivered to a discharge or flushing pipe, the said bucket or chamber
being provided with one or more openings or orifices for filling from the water by
which the said bucket or chamber is surrounded or partly surrounded when it falls
back or is brought to its normal position within the cistern. The number and size
of the openings or orifices will afford the means of adjustment or regulation of the
time to be intentionally occupied in filling to prevent the waste which night
otherwise occur by a too frequent tilting or use of the apparatus. The apparatus is
more especially intended for domestic watercloset service, for which it is conveniently
made as hereunder stated, subject to variation as circumstances demand or as may
be desired. Cistern to be of metal, slate, or any convenient material with partition
dividing it off into a main chamber and a flushing chamber (or having a separate
flushing chamber annexed or provided.) Discharge or flushing pipe furnished to
flushing chamber. Top of dividing plate or partition to he at intended (feed) level
of water bucket is furnished with pivots on which it swings, fitted in grooves from
which it can be readily lifted or replaced.