Year: 1886

page_text: I, WILHELM DOEHRING, of Leipzig, in the Kingdom of Saxony, Superintendent
of the Fire Brigade of the City of Leipzig do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
In some branches of industry it is necessary to provide certain rooms with a
temperature, which is only allowed to vary within a few degrees.-Likewise it is
desirable in large establishments to regulate the temperature of the said rooms
to a certain number of degrees without requiring a person to be in the room to
ascertain the stability of the temperature required.
Various kinds of Alarm Thermometers have been in use for several years.
Most, however, of them have the drawback of not recording the variations of
temperature, or of indicating the rise or fall of temperature by the same signal, or
of only indicating one of the two variations.
My invention has for its object to remedy the above defects, for which purpose
I use the following apparatus.
I use a thermometer, which may be made of metals having different coefficients
of expansion, but which I prefer to be an ordinary thermometer of quicksilver,
having platinum wires melted into the glass, at the bulb, and at the required
maximum and minimum degrees, or at any other degrees that may be required at
any time. These wires are melted in, in such a way that when the mercury rises
in the tube it touches the platinum wires melted in at the required degrees, and
thereby closes certain circuits as required.
The Thermometer is placed in the room where the temperature is to be regulated,
with a contact breaker, and in the distant. recording room in which is the watch-
man who has charge of the temperature, is situate the maximum bell, minimum
bell, and the recording instrument, the whole being connected with wires, so that
currents of electricity pass as follows.
One current passes from a battery to the automatic contact breaker, through the
same to the minimum part of the recording instrument, thence. to the minimum
bell and back to the battery.
This current, which is only allowed to pass the contact-breaker, when the
temperature is below the minimum, causes in its passage, the minimum bell to
sound, and a record' to be made on the recording instrument, thereby making
known to the watchman the excessive fall of temperature and the duration thereof,

page_text: When however the temperature attains the minimum, or passes it, a short
circuit is closed, as follows. A current passes from the battery through the coil of
the electro magnet of the contact breaker to the bulb of the thermometer, thence
through the mercury to the minimum platinum wire, whence it returns to the
battery. In passing the coils of the contact breaker this current magnetises the
core of the same, which attracts the armature and breaks the first current so that
the minimum bell ceases sounding and the pencil, to record in the recording
instrument.
If, however, the temperature rises above the maximum, another current is closed
as follows. This current passes from the battery through the coils of the contact-
breaker to the bulb of the thermometer (as before) but then divides, part passing
by the minimum wire of the thermometer back to the battery, but the rest passing
from the maximum wire to the maximum recording apparatus and thence to the
maximum bell and through the same back to the battery, thereby causing the said
bell to sound, and the pencil to record on the maximum recorder.
When the temperature falls again to the normal this second part of the current
is cut off, and the whole current passes through the short circuit mentioned above.
Thus the temperature of any number of rooms may be ascertained, but each
room requires a thermometer and contact-breaker, whereas the same pair of bells
and recording instrument will suffice.
The recording instrument may be made as follows. A drum is arranged to
revolve, once, in, say, twenty four hours, by a clock-movement or otherwise, and
arround the same is laid a strip of paper divided into hours, etc. On each side of
this drum, which may be of any convenient length, are arranged coils or sets of
coils with soft iron cores, on the one side for the maximum; on the other for the
minimum record, one set of each for each room, these coils are so arranged that
when the particular current passes through them, they attract armatures provided
with pencils in such a manner that when attracted, the pencil presses on the paper
of the drum, making a mark thereon proportionate to the duration of derangement
from the normal temperature. I prefer to use coloured pencils, a different colour for
maximum and minimum.
Or, instead of the above recording instrument, I can make use of a Morse
recorder, I then require a transmitting apparatus formed as follows, the current
when passing this apparatus traverses a coil, which magnetises a soft iron core,
thereby attracting an armature, which when it was at rest served to restrain, a
clock-movement, when attracted by the electro-magnet frees the clock-movement
which now makes a wheel revolve, which wheel is provided on its circumference
with certain recesses. Against this wheel, a spring presses in such a manner, that
on the wheel revolving, a projection of the spring enters the recesses, and the end
of the spring is made to rise and fall, corresponding to the recesses on the wheel,
the end of the spring is met either on its upward or downward course by a con-
ductor which serves to further the electric current, when the same is touched by
the spring, and thereby contact produced, this current passes to the Morse
recorder, and the correspondings signs or marks are made on the tape of the same.
I can also make use of an indicator-box connected in the proper manner with
the different rooms, to indicate to the watchman in which room or rooms the
temperature required, is not attained, or exceeded. In order to alter the range of
temperatures which may be recorded by a thermometer, I use a thermometer
having a platinum wire, melted in, at each degree, or, say, at every five, ten fifteen
degrees, only connecting those which are required at the time, with the other
apparatus. This apparatus will also be found useful for fire-alarms.
1
1000

page_text: I, WILHELM DOEHRING of Leipzig in the Kingdom of Saxony, Superintendent
of the Fire Brigade of the City of Leipzig, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
In some branches of industry it is necessary to provide certain rooms with a
temperature, which is only allowed to vary within a few degrees. Likewise it is
desirable in large establishments to regulate the temperature of the said rooms to a
certain number of degrees without requiring a person to be in the very room to
ascertain the stability of the temperature required.
Various kinds of alarm-thermometers have been in use, which, by means of an
electric current actuate a clock movement in some distant room as soon as the
temperature has become too high or too low.
These alarm thermometers hitherto employed have mostly the inconvenience of
indicating both the excessive rise or fall of the temperature by the same signal,
whether there is a rise or fall of temperature so that two thermometers would be
required for each room to be controlled. Besides these thermometers, leave no
visible record, whether the temperature has, in the course of the day, exceeded the
intended limit or fallen below it.
The present invention has the purpose of removing the said inconveniences. For
indicating the excessive rise or fall of temperatures, one thermometer only is
required whether it be a quicksilver thermometer or a thermometer consisting of
metals having different coefficients of expansion.
The accompanying drawings show quicksilver thermometers with platina wires.
melted in.
Fig. 1 of the accompanying drawings represents the arrangement of the system.
A is the thermometer B the battery C a contact breaker D the minimum
recording pencil E the minimum alarm bell, F the maximum recording pencil
G the maximum alarm bell, the whole being connected by the wires as shown.
The function of the apparatus is as follows:
When the temperature is below the minimum degree of the thermometer A, the
galvanic current proceeds from the positive pole of the battery B₁ to the post a of
the automatic current-breaker C through the armature 6 in contact with a to the
post a, leaves the current-breaker at c and proceeds to the writing device D,
through the coil of the electromagnet of the same to the minimum bell E, through
the coils of the electromagnets of the latter back to the negative pole of the
'battery B¹.
$
The armature of the writing contrivance is attracted and as the same carries an
angle arm with colour pencil (for instance red), a red line is produced on the paper
strip which moves around with the drum in, say 24 hours. At the same time the
minimum bell sounds.
When the quicksilver in the thermometer A attains the minimum degree, a short
electric circuit is closed. The current now proceeds from the positive pole of the
battery through the electromagnet coils of the current-breaker C to the bulb of
the thermometer A, through the quicksilver to the platinum wire, which is melted
in at the minimum degree. From there the current returns to the battery B¹. The

page_text: i
cores of the electromagnet of the automatic current breaker C are magnetised by
means of the current now passing through the coils, and attract the armature b so
that the first circuit is broken, the armature of the writing contrivance D resumes
its normal position, and the minimum bell ceases sounding. When the maximum
temperature is reached or exceeded, a second circuit is closed, as at this place
another platinum wire is melted in. While a part of the current returns to the
battery from the minimum wire of the thermometer, another part of the same
proceeds through the quicksilver column to the maximum wire and from there
through the electromagnet coils of the writing device F to the maximum bell G
back to the battery B¹. The armature of the writing device F is attracted, and the
colour pencil (for instance blue) produces a blue line on the paper strip; at the same
time the maximum bell sounds, until, after the normal temperature has been
attained, this shunt-current is broken and the whole galvanic current proceeds
directly to the battery through the minimum wire.
It is advantageous to insert into this return current certain. resistances for
allowing, with the transmission of the maximum temperature, a sufficiently strong
current to pass for working the writing contrivance F and the bell 'G.
If the maximum-and minimum temperature of a room is intended to be varied
at pleasure, further platinum wires are required to be melted into the thermometer
at the corresponding degrees, and all wires 'to be connected with the board of the
current breaker or with a plug rail, fastened thereon (see dotted lines Fig. 1) The
desired degrees are here connected with the main wires by intermediate plugs.
The current-breaker, the writing contrivance and the bells are situated in the
room of the attendant.
Fig. 2 is an elevation,
Fig. 3 a side view, and
Fig. 4 a plan of the contact breaker C with the device for adjusting it to the
required degrees.
Fig. 5 is a section, Fig. 6 a plan and Fig. 7 an elevation of the writing device
indicating the excessive rise or fall of temperature of five different rooms. The
drum is caused to revolve by a suitable clock movement in a given time, for
instance once in 24 hours and is surrounded with a correspondingly divided paper
strip (Fig. 8). This strip is so arranged, that the exact time and the duration of
the irregularity can be directly read on it.
Fig. 9 shews an arrangement for controlling the temperatures of several rooms.
Here, instead of the writing contrivance, an indicator box is arranged.-Besides
the battery B¹, a second battery B" is arranged, which serves to increase the
current, when the maximum temperature has been exceeded.
This circuit is then as follows:
From the battery B" (Fig. 9) the current proceeds through the quicksilver
column of the thermometer inserted in the circuit to the maximum wire of the
same. From there it continues through the indicator box, proceeds to the maximum
bell G and to the battery B¹¹.
The rest of the arrangement is the same as described above. For each room to
'be controlled or for each thermometer A, B, etc, a current breaker C is required.
This latter arrangement may be so combined with that previously described, that
the writing contrivance may be placed in the room of the watchman or inspector,
and the 'indicator box near the stoker, so that the rise or fall of tenperature is
indicated audibly and visibly to the inspector etc as well as to the stoker.
In the place of the writing apparatus represented by Figs. 5-8, an ordinary
Morse-apparatus M with automatic releasing device may be arranged for recording
the excessive rise or fall of temperature. In this case a particular apparatus N is
required, which releases a clock movement when the current passes through. This
apparatus is constructed as shown in Figs. 11 to 13: An armature m belonging to
an electromagnet n carries an arm o (Fig. 13) which, when at rest, serves as a
catch on a tooth of the wheel p and preverits the same from moving. The wheel p
actuated by a clock-movement P tends to move in the direction indicated by the

page_text: arrow (Fig. 13). The axle of the wheel p carries a type-wheel ġ provided with
Morse-recesses, against which presses the contact spring which, when a recess of q
passes, falls upon the insulating body s and interrupts or breaks the metallic
contact. The stop of the clock movement may also act, instead of on the wheel p,
directly on the fly-wheel so that the pressure on the armature is decreased. If the
minimum temperature is not attained, the current proceeds from the positive pole
of the battery B¹ through the armature supports of the current-breaker C to the
apparatus N¹, enters at t the electromagnet-coils n, passes the metallic parts of
the apparatus, enters the slide spring r, leaves the same at a proceeds through the
minimum bell E to the electromagnet of the More-apparatus and back to the
negative pole of the battery B₁. The electromagnet n of the apparatus N
attracts its armature m releases thereby the arm o from out the wheel p and the
latter rotates, driven by the clock-movement, with the type wheel, which, corre-
sponding to its signs or recesses, breaks the current several times and on the Morse-
apparatus, Morse-types are produced, while the bell E sounds. When the normal
temperature is attained, a short circuit of the battery B' is closed as before described.
When the maximum temperature is exceeded, the battery B3 acts in the same manner
on the apparatus N2 and M and bell G, as above, the battery B¹ on N¹, M and E.
This apparatus may also be arranged direct to indicate fire to the fire brigade
dépôt or other controlling place. When the switches R S are brought into the
position shown by dotted lines and the battery B' is excluded, a current is closed,
when the maximum temperature is attained, which current proceeds from the
positive pole of the battery B₁ through the thermometer A to the maximum wire
of the same; from there through the apparatus N2 to the fire brigade-depôt.
There the current passes the fire-alarm bell, the electromagnet of the Morse-
apparatus M, through the key thereto to the negative pole of the battery B³
thence to the earth-plate E. The clock-movement of the apparatus N' is released
and while the fire alarm bell is sounding, the signs are produced on the Morse-
apparatus M², which indicate the place of the fire.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that, what
I claim is:
1.) For the purpose of ascertaining the temperature in distant rooms or
chambers, a controlling and alarm thermometer, which, by aid of a galvanic
current, indicates excessive rise and fall of temperature.
2.) In combination with the said thermometer, the writing device for marking
the duration of the rise or fall of temperature, in which an electromagnet influences
an armature provided with a pencil to make corresponding marks on a paper strip
actuated by a clockwork.
3.) In combination with the said thermometer an indicator box substantially as
and for the purpose described.
4.) The sad thermometer in combination with a Morse-apparatus and the
apparatus N1 N2, cousisting of a clock having a type wheel q and wheel p set in
action by the armature m of the electromagnet n.
.
5.) The use of the said thermometer, apparatus N and Morse-recorder M as an
automatic fire alarm, substantially as described.
ليمي
CAT
1000