IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR WORKING OF WOOD
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Thurgood Markall, of Fieldgate Street,
Whitechapel, London, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR WORKING OF WOOD."
Sealed the 2nd November 1863, and dated the 20th May 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Thurgood Markall
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 20th May 1863.
I, JOHN THURGOOD MARKALL, of Fieldgate Street, Whitechapel, London,
do hereby declare the nature of my Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR WORKING OF WOOD," to be as follows:-
The first improvement relates to a novel arrangement in constructing such
circular saw benches as are actuated by means of foot treadles, whereby a
larger driving or foot wheel can be applied than has been heretofore, and the
operator is enabled to stand in a more advantageous position to exert his
strength and handle his work. This is done by making the bench nearly
double the ordinary length from the right to the left hand of the operator
when he stands in his working position, and arranging the axle lines of the
crank and saw spindles transversely, and that of the treadle longitudinally
thereunto, placing the crank axle a little more than one-fourth of the length
of the bench from the right hand end, and the saw spindle about the same
distance from the other end. This arrangement leaves considerable distance
between the two axle lines, in the horizontal direction, and allows the driving

page_text: wheel upon the crank axle to project above the table at or near the extreme
back thereof (quite out of the way of the work), and to be of greater diameter
than could run under the table, hence more suitable for the purpose both in
size and position than any heretofore used for foot power.
The second improvement relates to morticing machines, the noveltics of
which are, first, that of giving motion to the chisel carriage (which works up
and down in ordinary guides) by means of a treadle and connecting rod, to
which connecting rod is attached a crank shaft carrying a fly wheel, so
arranged as to convey the power of the treadle and the momentum of the fly
wheel direct to the movement of the chisel carriage; an elastic spring is
applied to carry the weight of the chisel carriage, and to assist in withdrawing
the chisel from the wood, also to prevent backlash upon the top return of the
stroke. Secondly, the mode and arrangement for holding the work. Upon a
sort of table (through which the guide standards run) is fitted a fence, some-
what similar to that used upon a saw bench, and on the guide standards an
adjustable guard, so arranged as to take upon the work about five inches
from the chisel, both on the right and left hand sides, to keep the work from
rising when the chisel is withdrawn. To elevate work of various depths
to a proper height several thicknesses of packing are fitted upon the table,
and prevented from shifting by means of steady pins or dowels. By this
arrangement the work can be held by hand against the fence without the aid of
clamping, and shifted or turned about more expeditiously than has heretofore
been provided for.
The third and last improvement consists of combining the two machines in
one, in order to give better support to the morticing machine, and also to long
lengths of wood under operation. It also applies to the general arrangement.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Thurgood Markall in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 18th November 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
THURGOOD MARKALL, of Fieldgate Street, Whitechapel, London, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-six year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said John Thurgood Markall, Her special licence that I, the said John

page_text: Thurgood Markall, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said John Thurgood Markall, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR WORKING OF WOOD," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said John Thurgood Markall, executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their bands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Thurgood Markall, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say:-
The first improvement relates to a novel arrangement in constructing such
circular saw benches as arc actuated by means of foot treadles, whereby a
larger driving or foot wheel can be applied than has been heretofore, and the
operator is enabled to stand in a more advantageous position to to exert his
strength and handle his work. This is done by making the bench nearly
double the ordinary length from the right to the left hand of the operator
when he stands in his working position, and arranging the axle line of the
crank and saw spindle transversely, and that of the treadle longitudinally
thereunto, the crank axle a little more than one-fourth of the length of the
bench from the right-hand end, and the saw spindle about the same distance
from the other end. This arrangement leaves considerable distance between
the two axle lines in the horizontal direction, allows the driving wheel upon
the crank axle to project above the table at or near the extreme back thercof
(quite out of the way of the work), and to be of greater diameter than could
run under the table, heuce more suitable for the purpose both in size and
position than any. heretofore used for foot power.
The second improvement relates to mortising machines, the novelties of
which are, first, that of giving motion to the chisel carriage (which works up
and down in ordinary guides) by means of a treadle and connecting rod, to
which connecting rod is attached a crank shaft carrying one. or more fly
wheels, so arranged as to convey the power of the treadle and the momentum

page_text: of the fly wheel direct to the movement of the chisel carriage; au elastic
spring is applied to carry the weight of the chisel carriage, and to assist in
withdrawing the chisel out from the wood, also to prevent backlash upon the
top return of the stroke. Secondly, the mode and arrangement for holding
the work. Upon a sort of table (through which the guide standards run) is
fitted a fence, somewhat similar to that used upon a saw bench, and on the
guide standards an adjustable guard, so arranged as to take upon the work
about five inches from the chisel, both on the right and left hand sides, to
keep the work from rising when the chisel is withdrawn. To elevate work of
variouse thicknesses to a proper height, several thicknesses of packing are fitted
upon the table, and prevented from shifting by means of steady pins or dowels.
By this arrangement the work can be held by hand against the fence without
the aid of clasping, and shifted or turned about more expeditiously than has
heretofore been provided for.
The third and last improvement consists of comprising the two machines
in one, in order to give better support to the mortising machine, and also to
long lengths of wood under operation. Two fly wheels are used on the
mortising machine by preferance. The circular saw spindle is made in most
cases to work in a frame hinged at one end on two pivots, & the other end to
be raised and lowered by means of a screw actuated by the hand wheel to
regulate the depth of cut in rabbitting or grooving. It also applies to the
general arrangement of all the parts lettered.
A, the crank shaft; B, the fly wheel of ditto; C, the circular saw; D, the
frame that the saw runs in; E, the regulating screw for the same; F, the
foot treadle of the sawing machine; II, the crank; I, I, the fly wheels; :
J, the connecting or treadle rod; K, the treadle; L, the chisel carriage;
M, the guides; N, the elastic spring; O, the table; P, the fence; Q, ad-
justable guard; R, packing pieces of the mortising machine. The Drawing
shows the general arrangement and construction.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Thurgood Markall, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of November, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.
Witness,
JOHN STANLEY. (L.S.)
JOHN THURGOOD MARKALL. (L.S.)