IMPROVEMENTS IN COMPRESSING YARN WHEN WOUND INTO THE FORM OF COPS, PIRNS OR ANALOGOUS FORMS, FOR USE IN SHUTTLES FOR WEAVING, AND IN THE MECHANISM EMPLOYED " THEREFOR PROAL
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Duncan of Lochee in the County of Forfar,
North Britain for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN COMPRESSING YARN
WHEN WOUND INTO THE FORM OF COPS, PIRNS OR ANALOGOUS FORMS, FOR
USE IN SHUTTLES FOR WEAVING, AND IN THE MECHANISM EMPLOYED
"
THEREFOR
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Duncan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th September 1883.
GEORGE DUNCAN of Lochee, in the County of Forfar, North Britain " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN COMPRESSING YARNS WHEN WOUND INTO THE FORM OF COPS, PIRNS,
OR ANALOGOUS FORMS, FOR USE
IN SHUTTLES FOR WEAVING, AND IN THE
MECHANISM EMPLOYED THEREFOR
"1
This Invention which relates to improvements in compressing yarns when wound
in the form of cops pirns, or analogous forms for employment in the shuttles of
looms for weaving has for its object to enable yarns when in such forms to be more
readily and more evenly compressed throughout their mass so as to introduce or
place as long a length as possible of yarn into the said shuttles.
The mechanism by which the foregoing object is effected consists of a pair of
fluted rollers.-The flutes in each of which are preferably as nearly as possible of a
half cylinder. The yarn in the form of cops, pirns or analogous forms is placed
upon a feeding table in front of, or above the fluted cylinders so that as the fluted
cylinders revolve an opposite pair of flutes in each roller enclose one, two or more
cops lengthwise between them, and hold them therein at the middle portion of the
rollers, that is to say, at the position in which the opposite pair of flutes form a
complete cylindrical tube.-When the fluted rollers are in this position they remain
stationary so that a plunger can be inserted into the tubular hollow between them
at each end. Such plungers are forced to the necessary distance to produce the
required degree of compression of the yarn by means of a pair of eccentrics, cranks,
hydraulic rams, by a steam cylinder or cylinders, racks and pinions, fast threaded
screws or by the mechanical equivalent of either of these capable of producing the
required motion of the rams inwards and outwards with the necessary rapidity.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said George Duncan in the Patent Office on the 25th March 1884.
GEORGE DUNCAN of Lochee in the County of Forfar, North Britain "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN COMPRESSING YARNS WHEN WOUND INTO THE FORM OF COPS, PIRNS
OR ANALOGOUS FORMS FOR USE IN SHUTTLES FOR WEAVING AND IN THE
MECHANISM EMPLOYED THEREFOR
My said Invention which relates to improvements in compressing yarns when
wound in the form of cops, pirns or analogous forms for employment in the shuttles
of loons for weaving has for its object to enable yarns when in such forms to be
more readily and more evenly compressed throughout their mass so as to introduce
or place as long a length as possible of yarn into the said shuttles.
The mechanism by which the foregoing object is effected consists of a pair of
fluted rollers, the flutes in each of which are preferably as nearly as possible of a
half cylinder. The yarn in the form of cops, pirns or analogous forms is placed
upon a feeding table in front of or above the fluted cylinders so that as the fluted
cylinders revolve an opposite pair of flutes in each roller enclose one two or more
cops lengthwise between them and hold them therein at the middle portion of the
rollers that is to say at the position in which the opposite pair of flutes form a
complete cylindrical tube. When the fluted rollers are in this position they remain
stationary so that a plunger can be inserted into the tubular hollow between them
at each end. Such plungers are forced to the necessary distance to produce the
required degree of compression of the yarn by means of a pair of eccentrics, cranks,
hydraulic rams by a steam cylinder or cylinders racks and pinions, fast threaded
screws, or by the mechanical equivalent of either of these capable of producing the
required motion of the rams inwards and outwards with the necessary rapidity.
And in order that my said invention may be properly understood I now proceed
more particularly to set forth the system, mode or manner in or under which the
same is or may be used or practically carried into effect reference being had to the
accompanying Drawings and to the letters and Figures marked thereon that
is to say:-
Figure 1, represents in part front elevation and part longitudinal section the
mechanism constructed according to and constituting my present Invention.
Figure 2, represents the same partly in horizontal section and partly in plan.
Figure 3, represents the same in transver section, the said section being taken
on the line A. B. Figures 1 and 2.
In carrying my present Invention into practice, I provide the pair of fluted
rollers a, and b, the flutes or grooves c, in each of which are preferably as nearly
as possible of a half cylinder as represented more particularly at Figure 3. The
cops d, or pirns or analogous forms into which the yarn is wound are placed upon
a feeding table not shewn in the drawings, from which they fall or are led into the
shoot or hopper e, in front of or (as represented at Figure 3) above and between
the fluted rollers a, and b, so that, as the said fluted rollers revolve, an opposite
pair of flutes or grooves c, in each roller enclose one, two or more cops, or pirns
lengthwise between them, and hold them therein at the middle portion of the
rollers a, and b, that is to say at the position when any opposite pair of flutes or
grooves c, form a complete or nearly complete hollow cylindrical passage as
represented more particularly at Figure 3. The intermittent rotary motion of the
fluted or grooved rollers a, and b, is imparted thereto by means of the driving
shaft f, which is driven from the pullies g, and h, which are respectively the fast
and loose pulley of the machine. Upon the opposite end of the shaft f, there is

page_text: provided the fly wheel i, or this fly wheel may be provided in any other suitable
position, or the said shaft f, may be provided with two sets of pullies so that it
may be driven from both ends. Upon the driving shaft f, there are also secured
the spur pinions j, preferably each with fifteen teeth into which are geared the
spur wheels k, which are preferably of sixty three teeth. The wheels k, are keyed
or otherwise suitable secured upon the cam or wiper shaft l, which has its bearings
in the two inner gables m, of the machine, and which shaft l, also has secured
upon it the two cams or "wipers" n, that is to say one for operating each fluted
roller a, and b, respectively. The shafts o, to which the grooved or fluted
rollers a,
and b, are secured, have their bearings in the gables m, and have keyed
thereon the ratchet wheels p, and q, preferably each of twenty two teeth or as
many teeth as there are flutes or grooves c, in the said rollers a, and b. Pivoted
loosely upon the shafts o, there are provided the ratchet levers r, which carry the
pawls 8, and the springs t, which bear upon the back of the said pawls 8.
ratchet levers r, also carry the studs u, upon or around which the discs v, are
caused to rotate and they are also acted upon by the springs w, which by their
pressure return the ratchet levers r, and the mechanism connected therewith to
their normal position after the same have been displaced from such position by the
action of the cams or "wipers" n as hereinafter more fully set forth.
These
The driving shaft f, has its bearings in the inner and outer gables respectively
marked m, and x, and has further keyed or otherwise suitably secured upon it the
bevil pinions y, preferably of fifteen teeth, gearing into the bevilled wheels z,
which are keyed or otherwise suitably secured upon the vertical shafts a'. These
shafts a', have their bearings in the horizontal frames b¹, of the machine, and at
their upper ends are provided with the crank discs c¹, the crank pins d', of which
engage with the outer ends of the connecting rods 61, the inner ends of which are
in pivotal connection with the plungers f¹. These plungers f¹, are supported in
the gables m, and a, and are shaped in such a manner that is to say with a large
hollow eye-piece at their central part so as to allow of the crank pins d', and the
eyes g', of the connecting rods having a free range of motion within the same as
represented more particularly at Figure 2.
The operation of the several parts of mechanism hereinbefore described is as
follows: The driving shaft f, through the spur pinions j, and spur wheels k,
transmits motion to the cam or "wiper" shaft l, the cams or wipers n, of which
bear in their revolution upon the rotating discs v. This action upon the discs v,
causes the ratchet levers r, to be thrown pivotally outwards and by means of the
pawla 8, engaging with the ratchet wheels p, and q, to rotate the fluted rollers a
and b, through a distance at each separate motion equal to that occupied by one of
the flutes or grooves c.
The cams or wipers n, then pass onwards and allow the
ratchet levers 7, and pawls 8, and their attachments to return to their normal
position by the action of the springs w, and t, bearing respectively upon these
parts. When the flutted rollers a and b, have been brought into the required
position by this last described mechanism, and, whilst holding a cop or cops
between them in the said position, the plungers f', are advanced by means of the
bevil pinions and wheels respectively marked y, and z, which impart rotary motion
to the vertical shafts a', crank discs c¹, and crank pins , and convert the said
motion into a reciprocating motion through the connecting rods e¹, and impart the
said reciprocating motion to the plungers ', by means of the connections therewith.
The plungers f¹, are advanced and withdrawn once at every period of rest into
which the rollers a, and b, have been brought by the action of the cams or
"wipers" n.
The effect of these said several movements of the mechanism upon the yarn in
the form of cops or analogous forms fed into the machine through the shoot or
hopper e, or its equivalent, as hereinbefore described, is that the said yarn is carried
round by the action of the rollers a, and b, and is therein compressed endwise by
the plungers f, and the cops or pirns so compressed fall out below the said rollers a,
and b, into any suitable receptacle,

page_text: It is to be understood although only one cop is represented on the accompanying
drawings as being operated upon that one two or more such cops, pirns or yarn
wound in analogous forms may be simultaneously operated upon by my improved
mechanism; and it is to be further understood the plungers f¹, although operated
by means of the mechanism represented on the accompanying drawings and as
herein before described that the said plungers f' may be operated by means of
eccentrics, hydraulic rams steam cylinders, racks and pinions, fast threaded screws
or by the mechanical equivalent of any of these means capable of producing the
required motion of the plungers f¹, inwards and outwards with the necessary
rapidity.
It is to be further understood although I have represented on the accompanying
drawings a machine wherein the yarn in the form of cops pirns or other analogous
form is compressed between the ends of two plungers advancing from opposite ends
of the fluted rollers a and b, within a cylindrical hollow formed between such fluted
rollers, that I may construct such rollers with grooves which .do not extend the
whole length of the same, but are formed with a solid bulkhead or stop at one end,
so that the yarn in the form of cops or other analogous form may be operated upon
by one plunger only which compresses the said yarn between its end and the
'solid end of the before mentioned grooves.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and the system, mode or manner in or under which the same is or may
be used or practically carried into effect I would observe in conclusion that I do
*not claim the compressing of yarns when in the form of cops pirns or analogous
forms, but what I consider to be novel and original and therefore claim as the
Invention secured to me by the herein before in part recited Letters Patent is :-
For compressing yarns when wound into the form of cops, pirns or analogous
forms for use in shuttles for weaving, the mechanism consisting of the fluted
rollers a, and b, shafts f, l, o, and a¹, gear-wheels j, k, y, and z, cams or "wipers " n,
ratchet wheels p and q, pawls 8, discs v, crank discs c', crank pins d', plungers f¹,
and their relative connecting rods e', and the attachments to all these several
parts substantially as herein before described with reference to the accompanying
drawings or the mechanical equivalents of all or any of the said parts, it being
understood that the essence of the Invention consists in the combination of a pair
of fluted rollers having an intermittent motion and into the cylindrical hollow
formed by the said pair of fluted rollers during a period of intermission or rest
plungers are advanced to compress the cops or yarns in analogous forms and from
which cylindrical bollow the plungers are withdrawn during the said period of
intermission of movement of the said fluted rollers substantially as and for the
purposes herein before set forth with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In Witness Whereof I the said George Duncan have hereunto set my hand and
seal this twenty first day of March in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and eighty four.
GRADON
זגזגתת