IMPROVEMENTS IN TELEPHONES, IN PART PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Edwin Irish, of Sunderland, in the County of
Durham, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN TELEPHONES, IN PART
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Edwin Irish at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th September 1881.
WILLIAM EDWIN IRISH, of Sunderland, in the County of Durham. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN TELEPHONES, IN PART APPLICABLE TO OTHER ELECTRIC APPARATUS."
This Invention relates to certain improvements in or applicable to telephones,
and in part applicable to other electric apparatus, such as dynamo and other
induction machines.
In all the telephones hitherto devised the one pole or the two poles of the
permanent magnet with which they are fitted is or are separately wound around
with insulated wire, or they are otherwise wound or fitted with wire bobbins, so
that in their usable condition the coils of the wire or of the bobbins completely
encircle each pole passing between the poles when two are used.
As the result of experiment I have found that I can obtain greatly improved
results (when the improved apparatus is used as a receiver) as regards the increase
of the volume of the reproduced sound by winding the wire in continuous couvolu-
tions around both the poles of the magnet as though they were but one pole, or by
surrounding the two poles with but one bobbin of wire, and thus, when a current
of electricity is sent through the wire, I employ in an improved manner both the
poles for reproducing the transmitted sounds.
According to a very advantageous modification of carrying this part of my
Invention into practical effect, as adapted to the receiver of a telephone, I cause
the poles to rise centrally within the case of the telephone, preferably in proximity
to each other from a uniting part (the equivalent of the bend of the usual horse-
shoe inagnet), which is flattened out at right angles to the poles, and is curved to
the inner form of the case, and is screwed or otherwise simply secured thereto. I
then coil the insulated wire in continuous convolutions around the raised poles
Price G1

page_text: and the space between them as though all formed a solid piece, or I surround the
two poles and the intermediate space with but one bobbin of wire, the same being
internally conformned to the size, shape, and relative positions of the two poles, and
I connect the ends of the insulated wire or of the bobbin wire to the line-wire
and to the battery-wire respectively.
This improved system of winding the poles of the magnet with insulated wire,
or of surrounding them with but one bobbin of wire is also applicable to dynamo
and other induction machines.
It is usual in existing telephones to have but one vibrating diaphragm, which is
supported transversely of and opposite but at a very slight distance from the ends
of the poles of the magnet; but I have found that I can obtain better results as
regards the increase of the volume of reproduced sound by using two diaphragms,
the one of which is used as usually, but the other of which I place at the opposite
end of the magnet, that is, between it and that part of the case to which it is
secured, suitably recessing the case so as to allow of free vibration of this diaphragm,
the outer or usual diaphragm being preferably perforated to allow of the clear
transmission of the sounds given out by the inner diaphragm.
According to another modification I dispense with the usual diaphragm, and use
in lieu thereof, or I may use in addition thereto two vibrating plates or bands,
stretching these plates or bands from side to side of the case alongside of the above
referred to continuous surrounding wire or bobbin of wire, but a slight distance
therefrom sufficient to allow of their free vibration, and parallel with the two inner
poles of the magnet. This improvement is also applicable to other telephones in
which the magnets are wound in any usual manner.
I make the case of the telephone of ebonite or of wood or other material turning
or otherwise making it externally of a suitable conformation for being conveniently
held by the hand, and recessing it internally for the reception of the magnet, and
with a suitable through hole for the passage of the line and battery wires, and I
secure the usual vibrating diaphragm between the cylindrical or rim part of the
case, and a cover which is secured thereto by screws securing the inner diaphragm
when used as hereinbefore referred to; or the two vibrating plates or bands when
used also as hereinbefore referred to, the cover being centrally perforated for the
transmission of the sound, and being dished on the outside, and slightly recessed
on the inside for allowing of the free vibration of the outer diaphragm when used..

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said William Edwin Irish in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
15th February 1882.
WILLIAM EDWIN IRISH, of Sunderland, in the County of Durham.
"IMPROVE-
MENTS IN TELEPHONES, IN PART APPLICABLE TO OTHER ELECTRIC APPARATUS."
This Invention relates to certain improvements in or applicable to telephones,
and in part applicable to other electric apparatus, such as dynamo and other
induction machines.
In all telephones hitherto devised the one pole or the two poles of the permanent
magnet with which they are fitted is or are separately wound around with
insulated wire, or they are otherwise wound or fitted with wire bobbins, so that in
their usable condition the coils of the wire or of the bobbins completely encircle
each pole passing between the poles when two are used.
As the result of experiment I have found that I can obtain greatly improved
results (when the improved apparatus is used as a receiver) as regards the increase
of the volume of the reproduced sound by winding the wire in continuous
convolutions around both the poles of the magnet and the intervening space as
though there were but one pole, or by surrounding the two poles and the intervening
space with but one bobbin of wire, and thus when a current of electricity is sent
through the wire I employ in an improved manner both the poles for reproducing
the transmitted sounds.
According to a very advantageous modification of carrying this part of my
Invention into practical effect as adapted to the receiver of a telephone, and which
is illustrated on the accompanying Drawings in plan view in Fig. 1, and in elevation
in Figs. 2, 3, and 4, I cause the poles 1 to rise centrally within the case 2 of the
telephone, preferably in proximity to each other (as most clearly shown in Figs. 1
and 2) from a uniting part 3 (the equivalent of the bend of the usual horse-shoe
magnet, one modification of which is illustrated in Fig. 5), which part 3 is flattened
out at right angles to the poles 1 and is curved to the inner form of the case, as
best seen in Fig. 1, and is screwed or otherwise simply secured thereto at 4.
then coil the insulated wire 5 in continuous convolutions around the raised poles 1
and the space between them (intervening an insulating sheet 6 of gutta-percha, or
its equivalent) as though all formed a solid piece; or I surround the two poles and
the intermediate space with but one bobbin of wire (5), the same being internally
conformed to the size, shape, and relative positions of the two poles, and I connect
the ends of the insulated wire 5, or of the bobbin wire (5), to the line-wire and to
the battery-wire or earth respectively.
This improved system of winding the poles of the magnet with insulated wire,
or of surrounding them with but one bobbin of wire, is also applicable to dynamo
and other induction machines.
It is usual in existing telephones to have but one vibrating diaphragm 7, which
is supported transversely of and opposite but at a very slight distance from the
ends of the poles of the magnet, one example of which is shown in Fig. 3, but I
have found that I can obtain better results as regards the increase of the volume
of reproduced sound by using two diaphragms 7, 8, the one 7 of which I use as
usually, but the other 8 of which I place, according to the modification illustrated
in Fig. 4, at the opposite end of the magnet, that is, between it and that part of
the case 2 to which it is secured, suitably recessing the case, as at 10, so as to allow
of free vibration of this diaphragm, the outer or usual diaphragm 7 being preferably
perforated centrally, as at 11, or at other parts, to allow of the clear transmission
of the sounds given out by the inner diaphragm 8.

page_text: '
According to another modification, which is illustrated in Fig. 6, I dispense with
the usual diaphragm, as shown in the face view of the case in this Fig., and use in
lieu thereof, or I may use in addition thereto, as shown in the sectional view of
Fig. 7, two vibrating plates or bands 12, stretching these plates or bands from side
to side of the case by making their ends wedge shaped, as shown, and inserting
them in correspondingly shaped recesses in the case, or by any other equivalent or
suitable means, alongside the above referred to continuous surrounding wire 5 or
bobbin of wire 5, but a slight distance therefrom sufficient to allow of their free
vibration and parallel with the two inner poles 1 of the magnet. This improvement
is also applicable to other telephones in which the magnets are wound in any usual
manner.
Figures 6 and 7 are illustrative of a very serviceable form of instrument, made in
accordance with my hereinbefore described improvements, but in such a form as
that it is very handy and serviceable for use, both as a transmitter and as a
receiver, and can be used without necessitating change of position of the head or
of the instrument or the use of two telephones, so that conversation can be carried
on by people at a distance as continuously and uninterruptedly as if they were
speaking vis-à-vis. The receiver 13 and transmitter 14 are so connected by the
intermediary part 15, which is properly insulated and acts as a holder, as that when
the transmitter is held opposite the mouth the receiver is opposite the ear, and thus
conversation can be most conveniently carried on by people telephonically connected.
The holding part 15 is fitted with contact points at 16, conveniently situated, so
that upon the instrument being taken up the thumb in resting upon the button
of the outer point bears the latter upon the inner point, thus completing the
circuit for ringing the bell at the distant end, or for putting the instrument in a
usable condition by closing the local circuit. In some cases, or, if required, two of
such keys may be fitted to the same holder. This form of instrument can be laid
upon a table ready for use by being picked up at any time.
I make the case 2 of the telephone of ebonite, or of wood, or other material,
turning or otherwise making it externally of a suitable conformation for being
conveniently held by the hand, as in Figs. 2 to 4, and recessing it internally for
the reception of the magnet as shown, and with a suitable through-hole 17 for the
passage of the line and battery wires, and I secure the usual vibrating diaphragm 7
between the cylindrical or rim part of the case and a cover 18, which is secured to
the case by screws 19, securing the inner diaphragm 8 when used, as herein before
referred to, or the two vibrating plates or bands 12 when used, also-as-herein before-
referred to, the cover 18 being centrally or otherwise perforated, as at 21, for the
transmission of the sound, and being dished on the outside and slightly recessed on
the inside for allowing of the free vibration of the outer diaphragm when used.
Having now described the nature and objects of my said Invention, together with
the manner in which the same is to be or may be performed or carried into
practical effect, I would remark in conclusion that what I consider to be novel
and original, and therefore claim as the improvements constituting the Invention
secured to me by the herein before in part recited Letters Patent are,-
1. The hereinbefore described improved system of winding the poles of the
permanent magnet of telephones, by winding insulated wire in continuous
convolutions around both the poles of the magnet and the intervening space, as
though all formed one piece, or by equivalently surrounding the two poles and the
intervening space with but one bobbin of wire, whereby when a current of electricity
is sent through the wire I am enabled to employ in an improved manner both the
poles for reproducing the transmitted sounds, substantially as described and specified
and as illustrated on the accompanying Drawings. I also claim the application of
this improved system of winding the poles of the magnet to dynamo and other
induction machines.
2. The combination with a telephone (used as a receiver) fitted with an outer
diaphragm in any manner usual in existing telephones, and the poles of the magnet
of which are wound in the improved manner hereinbefore described, or in any

page_text: usual manner, of an additional diaphragm placed at the inner end of the magnet
and between it and its case, which is suitably recessed for its reception and free
vibration, the outer diaphragm in this improved combination being preferably
perforated, substantially as and to obtain the advantages described and specified
and as illustrated on the accompanying Drawings.
3. The combination with a telephone (used as a receiver) fitted with an outer
diaphragm in any manner usual in existing telephones, or in which such diaphragm
is dispensed with or not used, and the poles of the magnet of which are wound in
the improved manner herein before described, or in any usual manner, of vibrating
plates or bands stretched from side to side of the case along side of the wire or
bobbin surrounding the said poles, but a slight distance therefrom sufficient to
allow of their free vibration, and parallel with the inner poles of the magnet,
substantially as hereinbefore described and as illustrated on the accompanying
Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edwin Irish, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Tenth day of February, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty two.
WILLIAM EDWIN IRISH. (L.S.)