IMPROVED "PACKS OR BAGS FOR HOLDING AND CONVEYING WOOL
Year: 1884

page_text: "
I, SAINT JOHN VINCENT DAY of 115 St Vincent Street, Glasgow, in the County
of Lanark, North Britain, Civil Engineer and Patent Agent do hereby declare the
nature of the said invention for "IMPROVED "PACKS OR BAGS FOR HOLDING AND
CONVEYING WOOL "to be as follows:―
"
"
This Invention which relates to improved "packs ' or bags made of Jute for
holding and conveying wool has for its object to prevent shreds of the jute fibre of
which such "packs" or bags are made from becoming separated from the jute and
mixed with the wool.
The attainment of the foregoing object has for long been a desideratum in
packs" or bags for the packing and conveying of wool, for the reason that the
fibre of the jute of which the said "packs" or bags are made is extremely tender
or brittle and throws off with the slightest rubbing a large quantity of shreds or
fibres which adhere to the greasy wool.-The jute cloth also tears and unweaves
itself each time that such bales are handled so that at last the raw wool has mixed
up with it shreds or fibres which hitherto it has proved impossible to pick out for
the reason that the eye cannot easily detect them. These fibres or shreds of jute
become further mixed with the wool in carding, combing, spinning and weaving
operations without exhibiting their presence but in the operations of dyeing
woollen yarns or fabrics they become detected as they do not take up the dye in
the same proportions as the wool itself the shreds or fibres of jute assuming a darker
hue than the wool so that it is only at very considerable expense that jute shreds
or fibres can be removed from yarns or fabrics in the spun or woven state.
In order then to prevent the shreds or fibres of jute from separating themselves
from the cloth of which such " packs" or bags are made, that side of the cloth
forming the interior of the said "packs" or bags is rendered "hairless," that is to
say, it is so treated that it shall not give off such shreds or fibres as aforesaid and
a "pack" or bag with such "hairless" interior is what constitutes this Invention.-
The interior of the said "packs" or bags is rendered hairless through being
cropped or singed, or cropped and singed, or it may be sized or starched or gummed,
Price 8d1

page_text: tr
or cropped and singed, or cropped or singed together with being sized or starched
or gummed; and the exterior may also be similarly treated to prevent the said
'packs" or bags from external deterioration;-or the shreds or fibres may be
removed by singeing alone with or without being cropped, sized or starched or
gummed.
In order further to prevent the separation of shreds or loose fibres from the cut
edges of the cloth which in "packs" as hitherto made are turned to the interior
of the cloth, in the case of sewn bags, these raw edges and sewing are according
to the present improvements turned to the outside of the "pack" or bag so that
the interior has a homogeneous "hairless" surface throughout.
In the case of seamless "packs" or bags, that is to say "packs" or bags which
are woven at once of double cloth for the body of the "packs" or bags and with
thick single cloth for the bottoms or sides, the cloth is treated in the same manner
to produce a "hairless" interior surface, or the exterior as well as the interior,
both "hairless," and the cloth of which the "packs" or bags are composed or the
packs' or bags themselves, may, for the purpose of producing upon them a
better finish, be mangled or calandered.
"
Either twilled or plain cloth may be used for the said "packs" or bags but it is
preferred to use twilled cloth and to use the twilled side of the cloth for the
interior surface._

page_text: «
I, SAINT JOHN VINCENT DAY, of 115 St Vincent Street, Glasgow, in the County
of Lanark, North-Britain, Civil Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the
nature of the said invention for IMPROVED "PACKS" OR BAGS FOR HOLDING
AND CONVEYING WOOL" and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This Invention which relates to improved "Packs" or Bags made of Jute for
holding and conveying Wool has for its object to prevent shreds of the jute fibre,
of which such "Packs" or Bags are made, from becoming separated from the Jute
and mixed with the Wool.
The attainment of the foregoing object, has for long been a desideratum in
"Packs" or Bags for the packing and conveying of Wool, for the reason that the
fibre of the Jute, of which the said "Packs" or Bags are made, is extremely tender
or brittle and throws off, with the slightest rubbing, a large quantity of shreds or
fibres which adhere to the greasy wool packed therein. The Jute Cloth also tears
and unweaves itself each time that such bales are handled, so that at last, the raw
wool has mixed up with it, shreds or fibres which hitherto it has proved impossible
to pick out, for the reason that the eye cannot easily detect them.-These shreds or.
fibres of jute become further mixed with the Wool in carding, combing, spinning
and weaving operations without exhibiting their presence, but in the operations or
processes of dyeing woollen yarns or fabrics they become detected, as they do not
take up the dye in the same proportion as the wool itself, the shreds or fibres of
Jute assuming a hue differing from that of the wool, so that it is only at very
considerable expense that the Jute shreds or fibres can be removed from the yarns
or woven fabrics.
"
In order then to prevent the shreds or fibres of Jute from separating themselves
from the Cloth of which such "Packs" or Bags are made, that side of the cloth,
forming or which is to form the interior of the said "Packs" or Bags, is rendered
"hairless," that is to say, it is so treated that it shall not give off such shreds or
fibres as aforesaid, and a " Pack or Bag with such "bairless" interior produced
as hereinafter described is what constitutes this Invention.
For attaining this object, the side of the cloth which forms or is to form the
interior of the said "Packs" or Bags is either cropped or singed, or both cropped
and singed, or, it may be either sized, or starched, or gummed, or treated with
other glutinous or adhesive substance or substances; before or after being cropped
or singed, or both cropped and singed.-The side of the cloth which forms or is to
form the exterior of the said "Packs" or Bags need not be treated so as to render
the said exterior "hairless," but when it is desirable to prevent the external surface
of the "Packs" or Bags from external deterioration by giving off shreds or fibres,
the said exterior surface may be treated similarly to that of the interior surface.―
In order further to prevent the separation of shreds or loose fibres from the cut
edges of the cloth which, in "Packs" as hitherto made, are turned to the interior
of the "Pack," these raw edges with their sewing are, according to the present
improvements and as represented respectively in part elevation and part transverse
section at a, b, in Figures 1, and 2, of the accompanying Drawings, turned to the
outside of the "Pack," or when applied to Bags as represented at Figures 3, and 4,
these raw edges a, and sewing b, are also turned to the outside of the said Bags so

page_text: that the interior has a homogeneous "hairless" surface throughout.-The cloth of
which the "Packs" or Bags are composed and prepared or treated according to
either of the modes herein before set forth is, by preference, for the purpose of
producing a better finish upon the interior or upon both the interior and exterior
of the "Packs" or Bags, mangled or calendered; and when a glazing calender is
used, that is to say, a calender wherein one of the rolls moves with a greater
surface speed than the surface speed of the other rolls, then such glazing
calendering may be employed alone for laying the fibres of the Jute cloth, that is
to say without treating the said cloth or "Packs" or Bags by cropping, singeing,
or the use of an adhesive or glutinous substance according to either of the
alternative combinations constituting the treatment for rendering the Cloth or
"Packs or Bags "hairless as hereinbefore described.
Either twilled or plain cloth may be used for the said "Packs" or Bags, but it
is preferred to use twilled cloth and to employ the twilled side of the cloth for the
interior surface as set forth in a prior Specification relating to another mode of
rendering the interior of Jute "Packs or Bags "hairless' filed by me the said
Saint John Vincent Day No 3343, A.D. 1884.
"
The sizing or starching of the Cloth may be effected in any convenient manner,
such for example as by passing the cloth over or through what are known as
damping or sprinkling machines in which, liquid size or starch is contained.―The
sizing may also be effected by any of the well-known arrangements of sizing
apparatus neither the means for sizing, or starching, or singeing forming any part
of this Invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is :-
First. Improved "Packs" or Bags for holding and conveying Wool, wherein the
Jute cloth composing such "Packs" or Bags is rendered "hairless" on either its
interior or on both its interior and exterior surfaces, by the treatment substantially
as herein before set forth.
Second. "Packs" or Bags for holding and conveying Wool which have been
rendered "bairless" on their interior surfaces or on both their interior and exterior
surfaces by treating them or the cloth of which they are made to either cropping
or singeing with or without being subsequently calendered or mangled substantially
as hereinbefore set forth.
Third. "Packs" or Bags for holding and conveying Wool which have been
rendered "hairless" on their interior surfaces or on both their interior and exterior
surfaces by treating them or the cloth of which they are made to both cropping
and singeing and with or without being subsequently calendered or mangled
substantially as hereinbefore set forth.
"
"
Fourth. "Packs" or Bags for holding and conveying Wool which have been
rendered hairless on their interior surfaces or on both their interior and exterior
surfaces by treating them or the cloth of which they are made to either cropping
or singeing combined with the treatment by size, or starch, or gum, or any other
suitable glutinous or adhesive substance and with or without being subsequently
calendered or mangled, substantially as hereinbefore set forth.
"
111
Fifth. Packs" or Bags for holding and conveying Wool, which have been
rendered hairless" on their interior or on both thoir interior and exterior surfaces
by treating them or the cloth of which they are made by both cropping and
singeing combined with the treatment by size, or starch, or gum or any other
suitable glutinous or adhesive substance and with or without being subsequently
calendered, or mangled substantially as hereinbefore set forth.
"
Sixth. "Packs or Bags for holding and conveying Wool whose interior has
been rendered "hairless' or practically so by treating them to the operation of
glazing calendering as hereinbefore set forth.

page_text: "
Seventh. The improved "Packs or Bags for bolding and conveying Wool, the
cloth whereof has been treated in some one of the modes hereinbefore set forth
and claimed in the preceding claiming clauses, and in which the cut edges and
sewing are turned to the outside of the said "Packs" or Bags, substantially as
hereinbefore set forth and shewn upon the accompanying Drawings.
Dated this Second day of October 1884

page_text: I, SAINT JOHN VINCENT DAY, of 115 St Vincent Street, Glasgow, in the County
of Lanark, North Britain, Civil Engineer and Patent Agent seek leave to amend
the specification of Letters Patent, No. 6303 of 1884, as shown in red ink in the
copy of the original specification hereunto annexed that is to say by striking out
the word "either" in the second line counting from the bottom of page seven. of
the said original Specification which occurs between the words "to" and "cropping"
and inserting in place thereof the word "both,"-also by striking out the word
or which occurs at the beginning of the last line in said page seven of said
original Specification and inserting in place thereof the word "and."
"
"J
My reasons for making this amendment are as follows that they are clerical
errors and do not extend the scope of the Specification.
In the matter of the application made by Saint John Vincent Day for leave to
amend the Specification of Letters Patent N° 6303 of 1884.
I hereby grant leave to the said Saint John Vincent Day to amend the said
Specification in the manner proposed.

page_text: I, SAINT JOHN VINCENT DAY of 115 St Vincent Street, Glasgow, in the County
of Lanark, North Britain, Civil Engineer and Patent Agent do hereby declare the
nature of the said invention for "IMPROVED "PACKS" OR BAGS FOR HOLDING AND
CONVEYING WOOL" to be as follows:-
This Invention which relates to improved "packs" or bags made of Jute for
holding and conveying wool has for its object to prevent shreds of the jute fibre of
which such "packs" or bags are made from becoming separated from the jute and
mixed with the wool.
"
The attainment of the foregoing object has for long been a desideratum in
'packs" or bags for the packing and conveying of wool, for the reason that the
fibre of the jute of which the said "packs" or bags are made is extremely tender
or brittle and throws off with the slightest rubbing a large quantity of shreds or
fibres which adhere to the greasy wool. The jute cloth also tears and unweaves
itself each time that such bales are handled so that at last the raw wool has mixed
up with it shreds or fibres which-hitherto it has proved impossible to pick out for
the reason that the eye cannot easily detect them. These fibres or shreds of jute
become further mixed with the wool in carding, combing, spinning and weaving
operations without exhibiting their presence but in the operations of dyeing
woollen yarns or fabrics they become detected as they do not take up the die in
the same proportions as the wool itself the shreds or fibres of-jute assuming.a.darker_
hue than the wool so that it is only at very considerable expense that jute shreds
or fibres can be removed from yarns or fabrics in the spun or woven state.
"
In order then to prevent the shreds or fibres of jute from separating themselves
from the cloth of which such "packs' or bags are made, that side of the cloth
forming the interior of the said "packs" or bags is rendered "hairless," that is to
Bay, it is so treated that it shall not give off such shreds or fibres as aforesaid and
a "pack" or bag with such "hairless" interior is what constitutes this Invention.
The interior of the said "packs" or bags is rendered hairless through being
cropped or singed, or cropped and singed, or it may be sized or starched or gummed,
or cropped and singed, or cropped or singed together with being sized or starched
or gummed; and the exterior may also be similarly treated to prevent the said
"packs" or bags from external deterioration; or the shreds or fibres may be
removed by singeing alone with or without being cropped, sized or starched or
gummed.
In order further to prevent the separation of shreds or loose fibres from the cut
edges of the cloth which in "packs" as hitherto made are turned to the interior
of the cloth, in the case of sewn bags, these raw edges and sewing are according
to the present improvements turned to the outside of the "pack" or bag so that
the interior has a homogeneous "hairless" surface throughout.
"
In the case of seamless " packs or bags, that is to say "packs" or bags which
are woven at once of double cloth for the body of the "packs" or bags and with
thick single cloth for the bottoms or sides, the cloth is treated in the same manner
to produce a "hairless" interior surface, or the exterior as well as the interior,

page_text: "
both "hairless," and the cloth of which the "packs" or bags are composed or the
packs" or bags themselves, may, for the purpose of producing upon them a
better finish, be mangled or calandered.
Either twilled or plain cloth may be used for the said "packs" or bags but it is
preferred to use twilled cloth and to use the twilled side of the cloth for the
interior surface.

page_text: t
$6
I, SAINT JOHN VINCENT DAY, of 115 St Vincent Street, Glasgow, in the County
of Lanark, North-Britain, Civil Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the
nature of the said invention for IMPROVED "PACKS OR BAGS FOR HOLDING
AND CONVEYING WOOL" and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This Invention which relates to improved "Packs" or Bags made of Jute for
holding and conveying Wool has for its object to prevent shreds of the jute fibre,
of which such "Packs or Bags are made, from becoming separated from the Jute
and mixed with the Wool.
"
"
The attainment of the foregoing object, has for long been a desideratum in
"Packs" or Bags for the packing and conveying of Wool, for the reason that the
fibre of the Jute, of which the said "Packs or Bags are made, is extremely tender
or brittle and throws off, with the slightest rubbing, a large quantity of shreds or
fibres which adhere to the greasy wool packed therein. The Jute Cloth also tears
and unweaves itself each time that such bales are handled, so that at last, the raw
wool has mixed-up-with-it, shreds or fibres which hitherto it has proved impossible
to pick out, for the reason that the eye cannot easily detect them. These shreds or
fibres of jute become further mixed with the Wool in carding, combing, spinning
and weaving operations without exhibiting their presence, but in the operations or
processes of dyeing woollen yarns or fabrics they become detected, as they do not
take up the dye in the same proportion as the wool itself, the shreds or fibres of
Jute assuming a hue differing from that of the wool, so that it is only at very-
considerable expense that the Jute shreds or fibres can be removed from the yarns
or woven fabrics.
In order then to prevent the shreds or fibres of Jute from separating themselves
from the Cloth of which such "Packs" or Bags are made, that side of the cloth,
forming or which is to form the interior of the said "Packs" or Bags, is rendered
"hairless," that is to say, it is so treated that it shall not give off such shreds or
fibres as aforesaid, and a "Pack" or Bag with such "hairless" interior produced
as hereinafter described is what constitutes this Invention.
For attaining this object, the side of the cloth which forms or is to form the
interior of the said "Packs" or Bags is either cropped or singed, or both cropped
and singed, or, it may be either sized, or starched, or gummed, or treated with
other glutinous or adhesive substance or substances; before or after being cropped
or singed, or both cropped and singed.-The side of the cloth which forms or is to
form the exterior of the said "Packs" or Bags need not be treated so as to render
the said exterior "hairless," but when it is desirable to prevent the external surface
of the "Packs" or Bags from external deterioration by giving off shreds or fibres,
the said exterior surface may be treated similarly to that of the interior surface.―
In order further to prevent the separation of shreds or loose fibres from the cut
edges of the cloth which, in "Packs" as hitherto made, are turned to the interior
of the "Pack," these raw edges with their sewing are, according to the present
improvements and as represented respectively in part elevation and part transverse
section at a, b, in Figures 1, and 2, of the accompanying Drawings, turned to the
outside of the "Pack," or when applied to Bags as represented at Figures 3, and 4,
these raw edges a, and sewing b, are also turned to the outside of the said Bags so

page_text: 33
"
that the interior has a homogeneous "hairless" surface throughout.-The cloth of
which the "Packs
or Bags are composed and prepared or treated according to
either of the modes hereinbefore set forth is, by preference, for the purpose of
producing a better finish upon the interior or upon both the interior and exterior
of the "Packs or Bags, mangled or calendered;-and when a glazing calender is
used, that is to say, a calender wherein one of the rolls moves with a greater
surface speed than the surface speed of the other rolls, then such glazing
calendering may be employed alone for laying the fibres of the Jute cloth, that is
to say without treating the said cloth or "Packs" or Bags by cropping, singeing,
or the use of an adhesive or glutinous substance according to either of the
alternative combinations constituting the treatment for rendering the Cloth or
Packs or Bags "hairless as herein before described.
"
"
Either twilled or plain cloth may be used for the said "Packs" or Bags, but it
is preferred to use twilled cloth and to employ the twilled side of the cloth for the
interior surface as set forth in a prior Specification relating to another mode of
rendering the interior of Jute "Packs" or Bags "hairless" file. by me the said
Saint John Vincent Day N° 3343, A.D. 1884.
The sizing or starching of the Cloth may be effected in any convenient manner,
such for example as by passing the cloth over or through what are known as
damping or sprinkling machines in which, liquid size or starch is contained.-The
sizing may also be effected by any of the well-known arrangements of sizing
apparatus neither the means for sizing, or starching, or singeing forming any part
of this Invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
First. Improved "Packs" or Bags for holding and conveying Wool, wherein the
Jute cloth composing such "Packs" or Bags is rendered "hairless" on either its
interior or on both its interior and exterior surfaces, by the treatment substantially
as herein before set forth.
"
Second. "Packs" or Bags for holding and conveying Wool which have been
rendered "hairless on their interior surfaces or on both their interior and exterior
surfaces by treating them or the cloth of which they are made to both either
cropping and or singeing with or without being subsequently calendered or mangled
substantially as bereinbefore set forth.
Third. "Packs or Bags for holding and conveying Wool which have been
rendered "hairless" on their interior surfaces or on both their interior and exterior
surfaces by treating them or the cloth of which they are made to both cropping
and singeing and with or without being subsequently calendered or mangled
substantially as herein before set forth.
Fourth. "Packs or Bags for holding and conveying Wool which have been
rendered "hairless" on their interior surfaces or on both their interior and exterior
surfaces by treating them or the cloth of which they are made to either cropping
or singeing combined with the treatment by size, or starch, or gum, or any other
suitable glutinous or adhesive substance and with or without being subsequently
calendered or mangled, substantially as hereinbefore set forth.
"
Fifth. "Packs or Bags for holding and conveying Wool, which have been
rendered "hairless on their interior or on both their interior and exterior surfaces
by treating them or the cloth of which they are made by both cropping and
singeing combined with the treatment by size, or starch, or gum or any other
suitable glutinous or adhesive substance and with or without being subsequently
calendered, or mangled substantially as herein before set forth.
Sixth. "Packs" or Bags for holding and conveying Wool whose interior has
been rendered "hairless" or practically so by treating them to the operation of
glazing calendering as hereinbefore set forth."
•

page_text: Seventh. The improved "Packs" or Bags for holding and conveying Wool, the
cloth whereof has been treated in some one of the modes hereinbefore set forth
and claimed in the preceding claiming clauses, and in which the cut edges and
sewing are turned to the outside of the said "Packs" or Bags, substantially as
herein before set forth and shewn upon the accompanying Drawings.