AN IMPROVED KNEADING MACHINE
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Paul Gondolo, of 29, Boulevart St. Martin, Paris,
in the Empire of France, Pastry Cook, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED
KNEADING MACHINE."
Sealed the 19th November 1861, and dated the 1st June 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Paul Gondolo at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st June 1861.
J, PAUL GONDOLO, of 29, Boulevart St. Martin, Paris, in the Empire of
France, Pastry Cook, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED KNEADING MACHINE," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to an improved kneading apparatus, which consists of
a cylindrical or oval case or chamber in which are fixed round or triangular
pallets, at suitable distances apart, forming part of the chamber, or otherwise
fixed thereto; in this chamber is also placed a shaft furnished with two series
of pallets of a spiral form arranged quincunxially & helically around the axis.
A rotary movement is imparted to these pallets, which causes the dough
under operation to be forced upon the fixed pallets, while, at the same time,
the form & arrangement of the movable pallets causes the dough to move to
and fro in the direction of the length of the chamber. The above apparatus
is further supplied with two sets of gearing, so as to permit of increasing or
reducing the rate of speed during the kneading operation, according to the
nature of the dough, or as may otherwise be deemed requisite.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Paul Gondolo in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
30th November 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, PAUL
GONDOLO, of 29, Boulevart St. Martin, Paris, in the Empire of France, Pastry
Cook, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the First day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fourth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Paul Gondolo, Her special licence that I, the said Paul
I, the
Gondolo, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
said Paul Gondolo, ny executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Bri-
tain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "AN IMPROVED KNEADING MACHINE," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Paul Gondolo, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Paul Gondolo, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the annexed Sheet of Drawings, that is
to say:-
:
My Invention relates to an improved kneading apparatus applicable for
obtaining dough of every description, but principally to such as is of a tough
thick nature, as required for vermicelli, biscuits, pastry, and the like products..
The machinery or mechanical parts by which my said apparatus is chiefly.
distinguished consists of a working-up part with a central shaft provided with
two sets of pallets, curved quincunxially and helically, planted round it. The
two sets or series of pallets having a rotary motion within the kneading trough
will impart to the dough under operation first an upward and then an alternate
to-and-fro motion in the direction of the length of the trough or chamber, at

page_text: same time compressing, stretching, and tearing the same dough on stationary
pallets suitably secured to the kneading trough. This upward crosswise
crushing, stretching, work along the incline surfaces of both the moveable and
stationary pallets produces a tough thick kneaded dough, quite appropriate to
the above purposes. My kneading machine is completed by a reversing semi-
cylindrical trough, which, after the dough is properly kneaded, rocks on its
axis nearly one revolution; when removed from the bent helical working-up
pallets the dough can be withdrawn by hand, and the trough scraped and
cleaned. Should the stationary pallets anywise prevent the withdrawing of
the dough, these could, by means of a mechanism described hereafter, be
prevented from rocking with the trough, but this latter arrangement I have
deemed preferable. In order to accelerate the kneading work I further cause
the working-up apparatus to rotate more quickly at the beginning, and more
slowly at the end, of the operation, which is obtained through two sets of
gearing so contrived as to work with shifting speed, or, in other words, to
permit of increasing or reducing the rate of speed during the kneading opera-
tion, according to the nature of the dough. In order to prevent the shaft or
axis of the working-up apparatus from undergoing too much strain, and to
allow it to turn constantly within the axis of the trough, I cause it to turn
in brackets formed with, or otherwise secured to, the said trough, which
brackets are themselves made to rotate on the fixed framing of the kneading
apparatus.
I have represented the improved kneading machine of my Invention in the
annexed Drawings, wherein Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal elevation thereof,
whilst Fig. 2 shows a transverse elevation or top view; and Fig. 3, a plan of
the same; Fig. 4 shows a detail, which shall be explained hereafter; Fig. 5
shows a peculiar arrangement that might be adopted for the axis of the
working-up apparatus. In all these Figures the same letters of reference
stand for the like parts.
a, framing of the apparatus; it consists of three uprights supporting all the
parts, and upon which turn all the driving axes; b, semi-cylindrical trough,
the borders of which are heightened by four appendices c, which are placed
and displaced at will; the bottom of the trough 6 bears the hollow sleeves d,
by which the trough is supported over the main brackets on the uprights, and
around which it is made to rock for the purpose of scraping away the dough
when suitably worked up; e, the shaft or axis of the working-up apparatus
turning in the sleeves d so as to stand constantly within the axis of the
trough; the axis e is provided with two series of pallets f, forming two sets of
helices round the shaft e, which pallets are arranged or planted quincunxially,"

page_text: each end being curved in the manner of a rake tooth g; all the teeth are
besides shaped helically, being with respect to one another in a helicoidal
direction, and forming a double broken helix with opposite furrows, the
solutions therein being intended for the passage of the fixed pallets planted in
the box; h, gear wheel keyed upon the axis e in order to impart the rotary
motion which have termed a slow-speed motion;" i, pinion keyed upon the shaft
with crank j, and engaging the wheel h; k, gear wheel keyed upon the shaft e
in order to impart the rotary motion termed "full speed;" 1, pinion keyed
upon the crank shaft j, and engaging the wheel ; m, lever for applying either
the slow-speed or the full-speed motion; o, teeth on each of the bottom pieces
of the trough for reversing it; these are engaged by the pinions p on crank
shaft q; r, fixed or stationary pallets planted in the trough, between which
fixed pallets pass the pallets of the working-up apparatus for the purpose of
rolling & stretching the dough. Besides the upward and longitudinal to-and-fro
motion imparted to the latter, as before alluded to, I bave represented, the
pallets as they are withdrawing for the dough to be scraped off, and for this
purpose they are formed with an arm s, which is hinged out of the trough
upon a shaft t, the brackets of which are formed of the same cast with the
said trough, thus said pallets are connected to each other, unless it be deemed
preferable to fit them within the trougli, in which case they would rock with
it. The pallets r at Fig. 5 are not arranged on the side of the trough, but
fixed on bosses formed on an interior shaft s', which may be made moveable at
will; sleeves e¹, turning upon the axis s', constitute the axis of the working-up
apparatus and support the pallets f and the metallic curved arm g, to which
motion is imparted by gear wheels placed on the two ends. of said sleeves..
The advantages of such an arrangement are the facility of varying the position
of the pallets by means of levers t formed at the ends of the shaft s', which
are turned in either direction and held by means of a set screw u. I will
observe that the fixed pallets or arms r may be removed from the trough in
order to facilitate the scraping or cleaning by merely acting upon the handle a,
which is made to turn round o.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, it is needless to describe
the manner in which the same is to be carried into effect, which will be easily
understood, only I will observe that the kneading trough may be of any form,
that the fixed pallets or arms of triangular form which are fitted within the
said trough may be replaced by cylinders. turning round an axis, by which
cylinder the rolling and stretching of the dough would be effected. What
I claim and wish to secure as my Invention is the kneading machine above
described, by which the dough is rolled & stretched by means of curved move-

page_text: able pallets or arms which, in their rotating motion, take a quantity of dough,
which they roll and crush against the parallel surface of the fixed arms or
pallets, as described, the most striking features of said machine or apparatus
being,―
First, the pallets planted on a central shaft and arranged quincunxially, so
as to form in their progress round said shaft two helical or helicoidal lines.
Secondly, the curved rake-like form of the same pallets arranged so as to
form in their progress round two helical or helicoidal lines with solutions of
continuity, especially as described.
Thirdly, the fixed or stationary pallets may be planted in the trough or
arranged so as to withdraw therefrom during its rocking and passing through
the solutions in the movable helicoidal pallets of the working-up apparatus.
Fourthly, a peculiar arrangement of the fixed pallets, which may be planted
or arranged upon the axis of the kneading trough, or assume various positions
with regard to the said trough, or even be removed from the trough for
cleaning purposes.
Fifthly, the crushing & rolling of the dough by means of fixed working-up
agents, while the trough itself possesses a rocking rotating motion, the whole
as and for the purpose herein-above specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said Paul Gondolo, have set hereunto my hand
and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
P. GONDOLO.
(L.B.)