Improvements in Steam Hammers and the like.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 12th Mar., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 22nd Oct., 1890-Accepted, 22nd Nov., 1890..
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Steam Hammers and the like..
A communication from abroad by FREDERICK WINSLOW TAYLOR, residing at the
corner of Locust and Magnolia Avenues, Germantown, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,
United States of America, Mechanical Engineer.
I, PHILIP MIDDLETON JUSTICE of 55 and 56 Chancery Lane in the County of
Middlesex Fellow of the Institute of Patent Agents do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to the supporting structure or frame of steam hammers, power
hammers, and the like.
Heretofore these hammers have usually been constructed with rigid frames
accompanied with certain disadvantages incident thereto-to wit, a constant jarring
and vibration, rapidly deteriorating the whole structure, injurions strains arising
from misdirected blows and otherwise, and the difficulty of making requisito
adjustments from time to time and of renewing injured or deteriorated portions of
the frame. Some hammers have been constructed with flexible frames, but among
these difficulty has been met with in obtaining the necessary stiffness required to
guide the blows. In the use of these hammers experience demonstrates that at
times, owing to the elasticity of the parts, the structural inaccuracies in the fitting
thereof, the great jarring and vibration incident to the character of the work the
hammer is required to perform, the unequal and twisting strains resulting from
misapplied work and, the irregular surface or uneven bedding of the material being.
operated upon, lateral strains or side impulses of a sort most injurious to the ordinary
steam hammer frame are generated between the tup and the tup-guides at the
moment the blow of the hammer is delivered; and heretofore the legs of the frame
have generally been attached either directly to the cylinder or to an entablature
secured to the lower part thereof in such position that the centre of gravity of
the cylinder, entablature, piston, and piston-rod has been located considerably above
In this old and
the entablature and the point of connection of the legs thereto.
common construction the injurious lateral shocks or side impulses above referred to
are wholly received by the naked legs of the frame, and by them largely transmitted
to the entablature and cylinder, which practically results in shortening the life of
the hammer and leads directly to premature fracturing the legs or stripping the
cylinder from off the entablature.
In flexible frames the guides for the tup are so sprung by the blows that the
hammer rod and stuffing box of the cylinder are often greatly injured.
Now the object of the present invention is to remedy the above mentioned defects
and to attain greater efficiency and durability by taking up and distributing
throughout the several members of the frame in the least destructive manner and
with the best effect the great shocks, strains, and vibrations incident to the character
of the work these hammers are called upon to perform.
Tho object is further to obtain a ready means of adjustment in relation to the
working parts and the means whereby deteriorated portions of the frame may he
renewed without involving the whole structure.
It is furthermore a feature of this invention that the entablature carrying the
cylinder is preferably so arranged upon and encircles the cylinder that any shocks
or impulses which are not absorbed or taken up by the frame of the machine at or
near the tup-guides and are transmitted to the cylinder and entablature. shall be
exerted in a plane approximating the centre of gravity of the combined mass of the
cylinder, entablature, piston, and piston-rod when the hammer her reached its point

page_text: of impact or is within the limits of the range in which its effective blow is delivered,
thereby reducing the danger of fracturing the cylinder and its adjacent parts to a
minimum and strengthening and steadying the entire structure.
These objects are successfully accomplished by the combination with more or less
flexible legs, of certain central braces all as hereinafter described.
Referring now to the drawings
Fig. 1 is a side elevation of a hammer embodying the invention.
Fig. 2 is a plan view of the same enlarged and partly in section.
2
Fig. 3 is a side elevation of a hammer embodying slight modifications of the
invention, and
Fig. 4 is a side elevation of the lower portion of a leg and braces, showing
further modifications.
Throughout the several views similar letters and numerals are used to designate
similar parts.
1 is the cylinder, 2 the piston, and 3 the piston rod, the functions and mode of
operation of which are well understood.
4 is the entablature or part of the frame by which the cylinder is secured. This
part may be made integral with or separate from the cylinder, as is found expedient,
but it is preferred to make it as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, which consists of a casing
embracing the lower part of the cylinder and extending well up upon it, the object
being to prevent as much as possible any nutation or vibratory-motion-due-to-flexure,
-and-with the same object in-view-it-is also preferred that the points where the com-
bined mass of the cylinder, entablature, piston, and piston-rod are supported and
braced shall lie in a horizontal plane passing through or near to the centre of gravity
of the said mass at the time the blow is delivered.
5, 5, are legs, each of which may be made in one piece as shown in Figs. 3 and 4,
or the upper and lower portions, designated respectively 5 and 56, may be made
separate from the rest as shown in Fig. 1. It is most desirable that the upper and
lower portions of the legs should be made of thin but wide slabs of metal, in order
that they may bend readily without passing the elastic limit of the metal when the.
central portion receives a heavy blow from the tub, and for this reason it is also
desirable that the central portions should be comparatively massive, so that by their
inertia they may tend to absorb the shocks occasioned by these blows.
6 is the tup, and 7 are the guides for the tup.
8 are distance-pieces, the function of which is to prevent the legs from being
thrust together and binding the tap.
9 is the top die, 10 the bottom die, and 11 the anvil.
12 are the base plates on which the frame rests and through which it is bolted.
13, 13, are central tup guide braces which may consist of any suitable sort of rods
extending from the central portion of the legs, either to the foundations or the earth
or to some object attached to the ground. They need not necessarily be tension
braces. Struts extending diagonally to the ground, abutting either directly upon it
or upon an elastic cushion as shown in Fig. 4 would be equivalent devices. The
object of these braces is to take up the shock from the side blows of the tup and to
secure the machine at or near the part where the blows are delivered. These braces
are anchored, preferably as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, by being attached to the shoes 17
which are bolted securely to the shoe-plates 18.
15 15 are entablature braces which, with the struts 16 act in transmitting any
motion in the central portions of the legs to the entablature without placing the legs
under the injurious transverse strains before mentioned; and they further prevent the
flexible legs from being sprung away from the tups.
20 20 are bolts which are found to be very desirable as will hereinafter appear.
They pass from the legs on one side of the machine through to the legs on the other
side, and may be provided with nuts on both ends.
In place of the above mentioned bolts the central portions of the legs may be
fashioned integral with or fastened to one another in any other suitable manner, such
as rivetting &c.

page_text: ".
The peculiar merits of the 'improved hammer will be made apparent by a brief
description of the manner in which the strains are taken up and distributed. As was
before stated; in beating down the work between the dies a side impulse is frequently
given to the tup--we will say, for example, from the left to the right-in consequence
of which in the present machine a direct thrust is put upon the struts 16 on the.
right hand side. This thrust is taken up by the braces 15 15 on the same side,
which being long and through a limited distance perfectly elastic, act as powerful
springs and communicate without shock tension strains down to the ground and
up to the entablature. The upper tension strain passes through the entablature
and down to the ground on the other side by the braces 15 15 on the left. It
will be seen that the struts 16 on the left are thrown into compression, tending to
thrust in the central portions of the legs against which they abut, but this inward
movement is checked by the elastic tension members or tup guide braces which are
attached to them. After the impulse has ceased it will be seen that the tension
members 13 on the right, acting as a spring, prevent sudden recoil of the legs on
and lower
that side. It will also be seen that owing to the construction of the upper
portions of the legs a slight flexure and adaptation will take place as they are thrown
into compression.
By the use of the bolts 20 20 which are themselves elastic tension members, the
strains on one side of the machine will be partly transmitted directly over to the other
side, where they will be taken up by the tension members 13 on that side. If, in
place of the tension braces 13 compression members or struts are used, as shown in
Fig. 4 their function still remains the same, only in this case the strains are taken
up by struts on the same side as the blow, instead of, as in the case of tension braces
on the opposite side.
It will be seen that as the frame is flexible by making the proper adjustment in the
several braces a certain range in horizontal directions can be given to the top die over the
bottom die without materially disturbing the vertical position of the hammer rod,
and this may often be found very advantageous. The adjustments referred to may be
made by altering the length of the adjustable strut 16 and the length of the central
bracos 13 as shown in Fig. 3, or in any other suitable and convenient way.
Dated this 12th day of March 1890
PHILIP M. JUSTICE.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Steam Hammers and the like.
A communication from abroad by FREDERICK WINSLOW TAYLOR, residing at the
corner of Locust and Magnolia Avenues, Germantown, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,
United States of America, Mechanical Engineer.
I, PHILIP MIDDLETON JUSTICE of 55 and 56 Chancery Lane, in the County, of
Middlesex, Fellow of the Institute of Patent Agents, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :→
.
This invention relates to the supporting structure or frame of steam hammers,
power hammers and the like.
:
Heretofore these hammers have usually been constructed with rigid frames
accompanied with certain disadvantages incident thereto-to wit, a constant jarring
and vibration, rapidly deteriorating the whole structure, injurious strains arising from
misdirected blows and otherwise, and the difficulty of making requisite adjustments
from time to time and of renewing injured or deteriorated portions of the frame.
Some hammers have been constructed with flexible frames; but among these
difficulty has been met with in obtaining the necessary stiffness required to guide the
blows. In the use of these hammers experience demonstrates that at times, owing to
the elasticity of the parts, the structural inaccuracies in the fitting thereof, the great
jarring and vibration incident to the character of the work the hammer is required to

page_text: perform, the unequal and twisting strains resulting from misapplied work, and the
irregular surface or uneven bedding of the material being operated upon, lateral
strains or side impulses of a sort most injurious to the ordinary steam-hammer frame
are generated between the tup and the tup-guides at the moment the blow of the
baainier is delivered; and heretofore the legs of the frame have generally been attached
either directly to the cylinder or to an entablature secured to the lower part thereof in
such position that the centre of gravity of the cylinder, entablature, piston, and piston-
fod has been located considerably above the entablature and the point of connection
of the legs thoreto. In this old and common construction the injurious lateral shocks
or side impulses above referred to are wholly received by the naked legs of the frame,
and by them largely transmitted to the entablature and cylinder, which practically
results in shortening the life of the hammer and leads directly to premature.fracturing
the legs or stripping the cylinder from off the entablature. In flexible frames the
guides for the tup are so sprung by the blows that the hammer-rod and stuffing-box'
of the cylinder are often greatly injured.
Now the object of the present invention is to remedy the above-mentioned defects
and to attain greater efficiency and durability by taking up and distributing throughout
the several members of the frame in the least destructive manner and with the best
effect the great shocks, strains, and vibrations incident to the character of the work
these hammers are called upon to perform.
The object is further to obtain a ready means of adjustment in relation to the
working parts and the means whereby deteriorated portions of the frame may. be
renewed without involving the whole structure.
It is furthermore a feature of this invention that the entablature carrying the
cylinder is preferably so arranged upon and encircles the cylinder that any shocks or
__ impulses which are not absorbed or taken up by the frame-of-the-machine.at.or_near
the tup-guides and are transmitted to the cylinder and entablature shall be exerted in
a plano approximating the centre of gravity of the combined mass of the cylinder,
entablature, piston, and piston-rod when the hammer has reached its point of impact
or is within the limits of the range in which its effective blow is delivered, thereby
reducing the danger of fracturing the cylinder and its adjacent parts to a minimum
and strengthening and steadying the entire structure.
These objects are successfully accomplished by the combination, with more or less
flexible legs, of certain central braces all as hereinafter described.
Referring now to the drawings which accompany the Provisional Specification-
Figure 1 is a side elevation of a hammer embodying the invention.
Figure 2 is a plan view of the same enlarged and partly in section.
Figure 3 is a side elevation of a hammer embodying slight modifications of the
invention; and
Figure 4 is a side elevation of the lower portion of a leg and braces, shewing further
modifications.
Throughout the several views similar letters and numerals are used to designate
similar parts.
1 is the cylinder; 2, the piston, and 3 the piston-rod, the. functions and mode of
operation of which are well understood.
4 is the, entablature or part of the frame by which the cylinder is secured. This
part may be made integral with or separate from the cylinder, as is found expedient;
but it is preferred to make it as shewn in Figs. 1 and 2, which consists of a casing
embracing the lower part of the cylinder and extending well up upon it, the object
being to prevent as much as possible any nutation or vibratory motion due to flexure;
and with the same object in view it is also preferred that the points where the
combined mass of the cylinder, entablature, piston, and piston-rod are supported and
braced shall lie in a horizontal plane passing through or near to the centre of gravity
of the said mass at the time the blow is delivered.
5, 5, are legs, each of which may be made in one piece as shewn in Figs. 3 and 4,
or the upper and lower portions, designated, respectively, 5ª and 5b, may be made
separate from the rest; as shown in Fig. 1. It is most desirable that the upper and

page_text: lower portions of the legs should be made of thin but wide slabs of metal, in order
that they may bend readily without passing the elastic limit of the metal when the
central portion receives a heavy blow from the tup, and for this reason it is also
desirable that the central portions should be comparatively massive, so that by their,
inertia they may tend to absorb the shocks occasioned by these blows.
6 is the tup, and 7 are the guides for the tup.
8 are distance-pieces, the function of which is to prevent the legs from being thrust
together and binding the tup.
9 is the top die; 10 the bottom die, and 11 the anvil.
12 are the base-plates on which the frame rests and through which it is bolted.
13, 13 are central or tup guide braces, which may consist of any suitable.sort of
rods extending from the central portion of the legs, either to the foundations or the
earth or to some object.attached to the ground. They need not necessarily be tension-
braces. Struts extending diagonally to the ground, abutting either directly upon it.
or upon an elastic cushion, as shown in Figure 4, would be equivalent devices. The
object of these braces is to take up the shock from the side blows of the tup and to
secure the machine at or near the part where the blows are delivered. These
braces are anchored, preferably, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, by being attached to
the shoes 17, which are bolted securely to the shoe-plates 18.
15, 15 are entablature-braces which, with the struts 16 act in transmitting any
motion in the central portions of the legs to the entablature without placing tlio legs
under the injurious transverse strains before mentioned; and they further prevent
the flexible legs from being sprung away from the tups.
20, 20, are bolts which are found to be very desirable, as will hereinafter appear.
They pass from the legs on one side of the machine through to the legs on the other
side, and may be provided with nuts on both ends.
In place of the above-mentioned bolts the central portions of the legs may be
fashioned integral with or fastened to one another in any other suitable manner, such
as riveting, &c.
The peculiar merits of the improved hammer will be made apparent by a brief.
description of the manner in which the strains are taken up and distributed. As was
before stated, in beating down the work between the dies a side impulse is frequently
given to the tup-we will say, for example, from the loft to the right-in consequence,
of which in the present machine, a direct thrust is put upon the struts 16 on the
right hand side. This thrust is taken up by the braces 15, 15 on the same side,:
which, being long and through a limited distance perfectly elastic, act as powerful
springs and communicate without shock tension strains down to the ground and up
to the entablature. The upper tension strain passes through the entablature and down
to the ground on the other side by the braces 15, 15, on the left. It will be seen
that the struts 16 on the left are thrown into compression, tending to thrust in the
central portions of the legs against which they abut; but this inward movement is
checked by the elastic tup guide braces which are attached to them. After the impulse
has ceased it will be seen that the tup guide braces 13 on the right, acting as a
spring, prevent sudden recoil of the legs on that side. It will also be seen that, owing
to the construction of the upper and lower portions of the legs, a slight flexure and
adaptation will take place as they are thrown into compression.
By the use of the bolts 20, 20, which are themselves elastic tension members, the
strains on one side of the machine will be partly transmitted directly over to the other
side, where they will be taken up by the tup guide braces 13 on that side. In place
of the tension-braces 13, shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3, compression members or struts
may be used, as shown in Figure 4, and their function still remains the same, only in
this case the strains are taken up by struts on the same side as the blow, instead of,
as in the case of tension-braces, on the opposite side.
It will be seen that as the frame is flexible by making the proper adjustment in
the several braces a certain range in horizontal directions can be given to the top die
over the bottom die without materially disturbing the vertical position of the hammer-
rod, and this may often be found very advantageous. The adjustments referred to

page_text: may be made by altering the length of the adjustable struts 16 and the length of the
tup guide braces 13, as shown in Figure 3, or in any other suitable and convenient way.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion as communicated to me by my foreign correspondent and in what manner the
same is to be performed. I declare that what I claim is :-
1. In the frame of a tup-hammer, the combination with the legs having tup-guiding
portions secured to one another, of tup-guido braces, as the tension rods 13, or their
equivalent struts, attached to the tap-guiding portions of said legs and secured to
suitable anchorages outside the legs and said anchorages, substantially as and for the
purposes herein before described.
2. In the frame of a tup-hammer, the combination with the legs having tup-guiding
portions secured to one another; and the entablature; of external entablature-braces,
consisting of elastic tension members, attached to the upper portions of the structure,
and placed outside the legs, and secured to suitable anchorages, the said tension
members being made in two or more sections, and provided with struts abutting
against the central portions of the legs; and tup-guide braces, attached to the tup-
guiding portions of the legs, and secured to suitable anchorages outside the legs;
together with the said anchorages; substantially as and for the purposes specified.
the
3. In the frame of a tup-hammer; the combination with the flexible legs having
tup-guiding portions secured to one another, and the entablature; of external
entablature-braces, consisting of elastic tension members attached to the upper portions
-of-the-structure, and-placed-outside-the-legs, and secured to suitable anchorages, t
said tension members being made in two or more sections, and provided with struts,
adjustable in length, and abutting against the central portions of the legs.; and
adjustable tup-guide braces, and secured to suitable anchorages outside the legs;
together with the said anchorages, all substantially as and for the purposes specified.
4. In the frame of a tup-bammer, the combination with the legs having tup-guiding
portions secured to one another, each leg being made in two or more articulated
sections; and the entablature; of external entablature-braces, consisting of elastic
tension members, attached to the upper portion of the structure, and placed outside.
the legs, and secured to suitable anchorages, the said tension members being made in
two or more sections, and provided with struts abutting against the central portions of
the legs; and tup-guide braces attached to the tup-guiding portions of the legs and
secured to suitable anchorages outside the legs; together with the said anchorages;
substantially as and for the purposes specified.
5. In a power hammer the combination with the cylinder, its piston and piston-rod
of the frame, comprising an entablature embracing the cylinder and supports and
braces upholding and bracing the cylinder in a plane passing through or near the
centre of gravity of the combined mass of the cylinder, entablature, piston and piston-
rod when the hammer bas reached its point of impact, as and for the purposes
described.
Dated this 22nd day of October 1890.