IMPROVEMENTS IN HOLDERS OR BOBBINS FOR HOLDING OR CONTAINING YARN OR THREAD, AND IN TURNING, CUTTING SHAPING, AND REDUCING WOOD AND OTHER SUBSTANCES.
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Hamilton, of Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain, and James Hamilton, of the same Place, Bobbin
Turners, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN HOLDERS OR BOBBINS
FOR HOLDING OR CONTAINING YARN OR THREAD, AND IN TURNING, CUTTING
SHAPING, AND REDUCING WOOD AND OTHER SUBSTANCES.'
Sealed the 23rd March 1858, and dated the 19th January 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Hamilton and
James Hamilton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 19th January 1858.
We, THOMAS HAMILTON, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, and JAMES HAMILTON, of the same Place, Bobbin Turners, do hereby.
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HOLDERS OR
BOBBINS FOR HOLDING OR CONTAINING YARN OR THREAD, AND IN TURNING. CUTTING,
SHAPING, AND REDUCING WOOD AND OTHER SUBSTANCES," to be as follows, that is
to say-
This Invention relates, in the first place, to the application or employinent
and use of small cylindrical, conical, or taper wooden tubes, to act as cop.
bottom holders or the fundamental bases of copped or wound-up yarn, as
required in various branches of textile manufacture. These holders are turned
'Di 11 ➤

page_text: or shaped out of rough wooden blanks by the agency of the machinery or
apparatus to be herein-after described, and they are principally suitable as the
supporting bases on which to wind the lowest strata of yarn in the formation
of cops, so that when the yarn comes to be wound off in the process of manu-
facture, either by weaving in the shuttle or otherwise, the whole or very
uearly the whole of the yarn can be properly taken off and turned to available
account. In this way the manufacturer is enabled to save and economise all
or nearly all the yarn usually lost in the shape of waste cop bottoms.
The wooden blanks out of which these cop bottom holders are made are
rectangular in transverse section as they come from the saw, and they are long
enough to make several holders. These blanks are each worked into shape in
a composite apparatus of the lathe class, the blank being inserted by one end
into a correspondingly squared end recess in the front end of the running lathe
mandril. Between this mandril and the following headstock of the apparatus
there is fitted a traversing slide rest bracket toolholder, acting also as a guide
eye bracket for the work. On the front side of the eye of this bracket tool-
holder there is fitted a compound gouge and chisel cutter, which, as the free
end of the blank is entered into the eye, reduces the part to a cylindrical form
by the revolution of the blank to fit the guide eye. The other side of the
sliding toolholder has attached to it a bent stop, set to measure off the
required length of the intended cop holder, the toolholder being traversed
along its guides and along and over the end of the blank, until the stop comes
against the end of the latter. This side of the toolholder also carries a trans-
versely acting toolholder or slide rest piece fitted with a composite tool for
turning the cone or taper upon the cop holder, and for cutting off and squaring
the ends thereof. This tool consists of a main broad chisel with a cutting
edge inclined both horizontally and vertically, whilst a cutter on each side
serves for severing the length for the cop holder and squaring the ends. The
central hole is drilled out by a drilling tool carried in the mandril of the following
headstock, which tool is brought forward against the end of the revolving
blank by a hand lever with a segmental toothed end gearing with a fixed rack
upon the headstock. An inclined chisel tool may also be directly attached to
the transversely acting toolholder instead of the main cutter of the composite
tool, the squaring of the ends being performed either by side or end cutters
attached to it, or otherwise arranged. The same machinery, or modifications
of it, is also available for making bushes for bobbins and other generally
similar articles. By another system the cop bottom holders and generally,
similar articles, are turned out of long blanks, either square or cylindrical, by

page_text: inserting them in a tubular rotatory mandril. As each holder is turned and
cut off, a fresh length of blank is brought forward clear of the mandril up
against a stop, the turning and cutting off being completed by means of any
suitable compound tools. These cup holders are also shaped in another
apparatus, consisting of an overhanging end mandril head of a lathe bored out
centrally, and carrying therein a central spindle mandril to receive the pre-
viously drilled out blank end. This bored head as cut away on one side,
where it is fitted with an inclined shaping compound cutter of the chisel kind,
but curved out at the entering end. As the end of the drilled blank is passed
by hand upon the central spindle of this cutting head, the externally acting
cutter shapes the cop holder as required, and the operator then withdraws the
blank and cuts off the completed cop holder by applying it laterally to a
circular saw carried by the same mandril head, a stop being used to define the
proper length of the severed piece. By another procedure short drilled
blanks are shaped to form by being centered by one end upon the rounded end
of the revolving mandril of the tool, whilst the front end of the other mandril,
being of reduced diameter, is traversed forward to enter the drilled centre, this
traverse of the inandril being effected either by the segmentally ended lever
and rack action previously described, or by a treadle and compound lever and
spring movement, which latter movement is also available in all cases instead
of the rack movement before described. When the blank is thus centered
and held it is reduced to shape by means either of a single or a back and front
compound tool.
In turning the blanks of bobbins or yarn holders or similar articles to
shape, the rough blank in each case is turned down by back and front travel-
ling slide rest tools, whilst the concave face of one end flange is reduced to.
form by means of a gouge tool set on an angular lever, which is brought round
by hand for the purpose by the operator after the other portions of the bobbin
are shaped.
When bobbin barrels, swift spindles, or other details are to be cut to any
accurately determined length, they are subjected to the action of a duplex
circular saw tool. The two circular saws are fast upon a back shaft revolving
at a high rate, whilst in front of this shaft is another slowly revolving, one
driven by a train of worin wheel gearing from the saw shaft and carrying a
pair of stellar wheels, and at one side a stop disc. The pieces to be cut to
length are deposited in the openings in the stellar wheels and beneath the
upper length of an endless belt, which thus bears upon the inserted pieces,
whilst its opposite end is carried upon a front stationary pulley near the
.I

page_text: ground; as the pieces are inserted into their retaining spaces in the stellow
wheels they are each pressed up by one end against the stop disc plate on the
stellow wheel shaft, which disc is adjustable to suit the cut, whilst the saws
are also similarly adjustable for a like purpose. In this way the pieces lightly
held down by the tensional action of the endless belt are successively sawn off
as required, and when cut they are released from the stellar wheels by coming
round to the bottom side or length of the belt; bobbin barrels or other pieces
can thus be cut with great rapidity to a determined and accurate length, in
readiness for being faced on the ends, if required, by a rotatory plane or other
cutting tool.
Where an accurate plane surface with a good hard face is required in
shaping wood blocks or other details, a circular plane toothed saw is used.
This planing saw has long or deep inclined teeth sloped off to the back face,
so as to cause the front face to act at each tooth like a plane cutter, the
cutting action thus being at a right angle to the plane of revolution of the saw.
The work to be cut is traversed up to and along the front face of the saw
by a guide fence of the usual kind.
In cutting out the faces of blocks, such as are used for printing and for
other purposes, rotatory tools governed by a pentographic movement are used.
The block to be cut is secured upon a proper base, and over it is set
the pentograph movement. The actuating power for the cutting tools is
derived from a belt pulley, from which pulley other belts pass round suitable
pulleys carried upon studs on the pentographic movement, so as to convey the
revolution to the vertical mandril of an adjustable frame upon the free arm of
the pentograph. The pentographic action is fitted with guiding and elevating
and depressing levers, so that the operator can direct the rotatory cutting
action of the necessary tools to whatever part of the design he thinks proper.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Thomas Hamilton and James Hamilton in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 19th July 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, THOMAS
HAMILTON, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, and JAMES
HAMILTON, of the same Place, Bobbin Turners, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of January, in the year of our Lord

page_text: One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-first year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said Thomas Hamilton and James Hamilton, Her special license that we,
the said Thomas Hamilton and James Hamilton, our executors, adminis-
trators and assigns, or such others as we, the said Thomas Hamilton and
James Hamilton, ourexecutors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no, others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
HOLDERS OR BOBBINS FOR HOLDING OR CONTAINING YARN OR THREAD, AND IN
TURNING, CUTTING, SHAPING, AND REDUCING WOOD AND OTHER SUBSTANCES," upon
the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Thomas Hamilton and James
Hamilton, by an instrument in writing under our hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Thomas Hamilton and James
Hamilton, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
mauner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement, reference being had to the accom-
panying Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is
to say -
Our said Invention relates in the first place to the application or em-
ployment and use of small cylindrical, conical, or taper wooden tubes to act as
cop bottom holders, or the fundamental bases of copped or wound-up yarn,
as required in various branches of textile manufacture. These holders are
turned or shaped out of rough wooden blauks by the agency of the machinery
or apparatus to be herein-after described, and they are principally suitable as
the supporting bases on which to wind the lowest strata of yarn in the forma-
tion of cops, so that when the yarn comes to be wound off in the process of
manufacture, either by weaving in the shuttle or otherwise, the whole or very
nearly the whole of the yarn car be properly taken off and turned to available
.account. In this way the manufacturer is enabled to save and economise all
or nearly all the yarn usually lost in the shape of waste cop bottoms. The
wooden blanks out of which these cop bottom holders are made are rectangular
in transverse section as they come from the saw, and they are long enough to

page_text: enable several holders. These blanks are each worked into shape in a com-
posite apparatus of the lathe class, the blank being inserted by one end into
a corresponding squared end recess in the front end of the running lathe
mandril. Between this mandril and the following headstock of the apparatus
there is fitted a traversing slide rest bracket toolholder, acting also as a guide
eye bracket for the work. On the front side of the eye of this bracket
toolholder there is. fitted a compound gonge and chisel cutter, which as the
free end of the blank is entered into the eye reduces the part to a cylindrical
form by the revolution of the blank to fit the guide eye. The other side of
the sliding toolholder has attached to it a bent stop set to measure off the
required length of the intended cop holder, the toolholder being traversed
along its guides and along and over the end of the blank until the stop comes
against the end of the latter. This side of the toolholder also carries a trans-
versely acting toolholder or slide rest piece, fitted with a composite tool
for turning the cone or taper upon the cop holder, and for cutting off and
squaring the ends thereof. This tool consists of a main broad chisel with a
cutting edge inclined both horizontally and vertically, whilst a cutter on each
side serves for severing the length for the cop holder and squaring the ends.
The central hole is drilled out by a drilling tool carried in the mandril of the
following headstock, which tool is brought forward against the end of the
revolving blank by a hand lever with a segmental toothed end gearing with a
fixed rack upon the headstock. An inclined chisel tool may also be directly
attached to the transversely acting toolholder instead of the main cutter of
the composite tool, the squaring of the ends being performed either by side or
end cutters attached to it, or otherwise arranged. The same machinery, or
modifications of it, is also available for making bushes for bobbins and other
generally similar articles. By another system, the cop bottom holders,
and generally similar articles, are turned out of long blanks, either square or
cylindrical, by inserting them in a tubular rotatory mandril; as each holder is
turned and cut off, a fresh length of blank is brought forward clear of the
mandril up against a stop, the turning and cutting off being completed
by means of any suitable compound tools. These cop holders are also shaped
in another apparatus consisting of an overhanging end mandril head of a lathe,
bored out centrally, and carrying therein a central spindle mandril to receive
the previously drilled blank end. This bored head is cut away on one side,
where it is fitted with an inclined shaping compound cutter of the chisel kind,
but curved out at the entering end. As the end of the drilled blank is passed
by hand upon the central spindle of the cutting head the externally acting

page_text: cutter shapes the cop holder as required, and the operator then withdraws the
blank and cuts off the completed cop holder by applying it laterally to a
circular saw carried by the same mandril head, a stop being used to define the
proper length of the severed piece; by another procedure short drilled blanks
are shaped to form by being centred by one end upon the rounded end of the
revolving mandril of the tool, whilst the front end of the other mandril being
of reduced diameter is traversed forward to enter the drilled centre, this
traverse of the mandril being effected either by the segmentally ended lever
and rack action previously described, or by a treadle and compound lever and
spring movement, which latter movement is also available in all cases instead
of the rack movement before described. When the blank is thus centred and
held it is reduced to shape by means either of a single or a back and front
compound tool. In turning the blanks of bobbins or yarn holders and similar
articles to shape the rough blank in each case is turned down by back and
front traversing slide rest tools, whilst the concave face of one end flange is
reduced to form by means of a gouge tool set on an angular lever which is
brought round by hand for the purpose by the operator after the other portions
of the bobbins are shaped. When bobbin barrels, swift spindles, or other
details are to be cut to any actually determined length, they are subjected to
the action of a duplex circular saw tool. The two circular saws are fast upon
a back shaft revolving at a high rate, whilst in front of this shaft is another
slowly revolving one driven by a train of worm wheel gearing from the saw
shaft, and carrying a pair of stellar wheels, and at one side a stop disc. The
pieces to be cut to length are deposited in the openings in the stellar wheels
and beneath the upper length of an endless belt, which thus bears the
inserted pieces, whilst its opposite end is carried upona front stationary pulley
near the ground; as the pieces are inserted into their retaining spaces in the
stellar wheels they are each pressed up by one end against the stop disc plate
on the stellar wheel shaft, which disc is adjustable to suit the cut, whilst the
saws are also similarly adjustable for a like purpose. In this way the pieces
tightly held down by the tensional action of the endless belt are successively
sawn off as required, and when cut they are released from the stellar wheels
by coming round to the bottom side or length of the belt, Bobbiu barrels or
other pieces can thus be cut with great rapidity to a determined and accurate
length, in readiness for being faced on the ends, if required, by a rotatoryplane
or other cutting tool. Where an accurate plane surface with a good hard
face is required, in shaping wood blocks or other details, a circular plane
toothed saw is used. This planing saw has long or deep inclined teeth
upon

page_text: sloped off to the back, faced so as to cause the front face to act at each tooth
like a plane cutter, the cutting action thus being at a right angle to the plane
of revolution of the saw. The work to be cut is traversed up to and along
the front face of the saw by a guide fence of the usual kind. In cutting out
the faces of blocks such as are used for printing and for other purposes,
rotatory tools governed by a pentagraphic movement are used. The block to
be cut is secured down upon a proper base, and over it is set the pentagraph
movement. The actuating power for the cutting tools is derived from a belt
pulley, from which pulley other belts pass round suitable pulleys carried upon
studs on the pentagraphic movement, so as to convey the revolution to the
vertical mandril of an adjustable frame upon the free arm, of the pentagraph.
The pentagraphic action is fitted with guiding and clevating and depressing
levers, so that the operator can direct the rotatory cutting action of the
necessary tools to whatever part of the design he thinks proper.
And in order that our Invention may be properly understood, we shall now
proceed to describe the several illustrative Figures upon the explanatory
Sheet of Drawings which we have hereunto appended, for the purpose of
showing certain modifications under which our improvements may be
judiciously carried out in practice.
The first part of our present Invention consists in the application or employ-
ment and use of small conical tubes formed of wood, and employed as cop
bottom holders or bases for winding yarn thereon to form the cops for
shuttles.
Figure of our Drawing is an elevation or longitudinal view of a
mechanical arrangement for turning or forming these cop bottom holders ;
Figure 2 is a vertical section of Figure 1, showing the arrangement of the
compound toolholder; and Figure 3 is a corresponding vertical section, out
taken nearer to the right-hand extremity of the bed plate, so as to show the
arrangement for shifting the headstock to and fro. In this modification the
turning machinery is mounted upon a rectangular bed plate A, to which is
fixed the headstock B which carries the mandril C. This mandril is driven
by means of an endless belt which passes round the pulley D, and derives its
motion from a steam engine or other prime mover. The front extremity of
the mandril C is made with an interual squared recess, into which is pasчed
the end of the rough blank E from which the cop bottom hoiders a to be
turned. These blanks are rectangular pieces of wood sufficiently long to
make several conical holders, and they are inserted into the mandril in the
rough state as they leave the saw. he bed plate A of the machine is made

page_text: with the usual longitudinal opening, having dovetailed on angular sides, in
which opening the slide rest toolholder Fis fitted. This toolholder consists
of the vertical plate F, which has upon its left-hand face a small bracket pro-
jecting therefrom; to the angular face of this bracket is bolted the cutting
tool G. This cutter is a gouge-like tool, arranged so that it turns down the
blank Eto the predetermined diameter, and reducing the wood to a cylindrical
form. As the blauk is turned down by the cutter G the toolholder Fis advanced
along the bed plate A, by the means herein-after described, the turned portion
of the blank enters the eye H in the vertical plate of the toolholder, which
eye serves to guide and steady the turned portion of the blank. When a
sufficient length of the turned wood to form the cop bottom holder has passed
through the guide eye H, other cutting tools are brought into operation,
which give to it the conical or taper figure, square off the ends, and sever the
turned holder from the remaining portion of the blank. These secondary
cutters are held in a slide rest arrangement which forms a part of the tool-.
holder F; from the right-hand face of the vertical plate of the toolholder a
small horizontal plate I projects, which has a dovetailed groove formed in it.
The plate I has fitted to it a sliding plate J, which is attached by means of a
link to the hand lever K; this lever is centred upon a stud that projects from
the vertical plate of the toolholder F. The sliding plate J has upon its upper
face a holder in which the cutting tools L are fixed by means of pinching
screws; two of these cutters are placed at a distance apart equal to the length
of the intended cop bottom holders, and a third tool which is placed above the
others turns the longitudinal face or periphery of the wood. When the
proper length of turned wood has passed through the eye H, which is
indicated by a simple guage placed at the back of the blank, the attendant
workman moves the tools L up to the work by means of the hand lever K.
The broad chisel-like tool first comes into operation; its cutting edge being
placed at an angle, so as to turn the surface of the wood down to the required
conical figure. As the slide rest is steadily advanced the two lower cutting
tools then come into operation, and complete the work by squaring the ends
and cutting off the cop bottom holder from the other portion of the blank. A.
longitudinal hole is drilled through the centre of the cop bottom holders, this
is effected as the wood emerges from the eye H in the vertical plate of
the toolholder F. The moveable headstock M carries the laterally slide.
mandril N, in the front extremity of which is fitted the drill O. The mandril
N is moved towards the blauk by means of a hand lever, the back extremity
of which forms a segmental toothed end P; which works in the fixed horizontal

page_text: rack Q. Upon the attendant workman moving the hand lever of the toothed
segment P the drill is brought up to the end of the blank, and it cuts its
way through the rapidly revoling wood. The drillO passes through the wood
somewhat beyond the part where the cop bottom holder is to be cut off, so
that the orifice is made completely through it. As the cop bottom holders are
ent off the headstock M requires to be moved in like proportion; this is effected
by means of the wheel R, which gears with the rack Sthat is fitted to the inner
side of the bed plate A. The wheel R is fast to the short vertical spindle T,
to the upper extremity of which is fixed a land wheel U; by putting this
wheel in motion the headstock is caused to traverse to and fro upon the bed
plate A as required. As the headstock M is moved along the bed plate
it carries with it the toolholder F, which is attached to the mandril N
by means of the arm V; the lower extremity of this arm has an internal
screw tapped in it that corresponds to the external screw W; this screw
projects laterally from the face of the vertical plate of the toolholder F; it is
screwed into the arm V and is held perfectly steady by the nut X. When
the mandril N is moved up to the work to drill the central hole in the cop
bottom holder the toolholder F is also moved along a corresponding distance,
so that as the drill O is doing its work inside the cylindrical part of the blank
the gutter G is turning down a fresh portion of the outside of the blank, and
as the cop bottom holders are successively formed and cut off from the blank
the mandril N as it follows the blank gets protruded to its full extent; it is
when this occurs that the headstock M requires to be moved nearer to the
blank; the mandril N is then moved backwards or to the right hand to its
full extent, and the headstock M is put in motion by means of the hand wheel
U, and when moved the required distance it may be fixed by a pin or other
catch passed between the teeth of the wheel R, or by any other simple and
convenient means. Figure 3ª is an elevation of one of the cop bottom holders
on the scale of full size. Another mode of forming cop bottom holders is
shown in Figures 4 and 5 on our Drawings; the former of these Figures is an
elevation of a portion of the lathe arrangement sufficient to show the improve-
ments; Figure 5 is an end view looking upon the circular saw for cutting off
the cop bottom holders. In this arrangement the bed plate A, the headstock
B, the main portion of the mandril C, and the driving pulley D are similar to
the corresponding parts in Figure 1. The mandril C has screwed on to it a
partially hollow mandril head E, which is bored out centrally, as shown in the
end view, Figure 5; in the centre of this recess a small spindle is fixed, and
to the internal surface of the recess a cutting tool F is secured; this cutting

page_text: tool has an inclined cutting edge which shapes the exterior of the blank to
the required taper form. The blanks are primarily turned to a cylindrical
figure and bored longitudinally through the centre; the end of one of these
blanks is inserted into the recess and passed over the central spindle. As the
workman pushes the blank steadily onwards the tool F shapes the periphery
of the blank, the further end of the recess forming a stop to indicate the
proper length of the cop bottom holder. This operation is effected with great
rapidity, and the turned article is then withdrawn and the completed cop
bottom holder is cut off by means of the circular saw G which is carried upon
the hollow mandril E; another portion of the cylindrical blank is then inserted
to be turned in like manner to form another cop bottom holder, and so on
throughout the work. Instead of turning the cop bottom holders from one
long unbored blank in this way, short bored blanks may be strung or passed
upon a mandril and completed by the back and forward action of a compound
or duplex tool or by hand. Attempts have heretofore been made to manu-
facture these cop bottom holders of gutta percha and also of paper, neither of
which materials has been found to answer the purpose; but by manufacturing,
the cop bottom holders in wood they not only fully answer the intended
purpose, but can be produced by the meaus hercin-before described very
economically as regards prime cost.
Figure 6 on our Drawing is an end view, and Figure 7 a plan; n
improved mode of turning bobbin barrels, swift spindles, and other articles of
a generally similar kind. In this arrangement there is a rectangular bed plate
A, having cast thereon the end and central vertical standards B which carry
the bearings of two shafts arranged parallel to each other. The left-hand-
shaft C has fast to it the pulley D, which is driven by an endless belt that
derives its motion from a steam engine or other prime mover. To the shaft C
is secured a circular saw E. The portion of the shaft beyond this saw has a
screw thread cut therein, to which the boss of a second circular saw F is
fitted. By means of the screw on the shaft C, and internal screw in the boss
of the saw F, its distance from the saw E may be adjusted as required for
different kinds of work. The opposite extremity of the shaft C has upon it a
worm G which is in gear with the wheel H on the horizontal shaft I; the
bearings of this shaft are carried in brackets which project from the end
standard A. The shaft I carries a worm J which gears with the wheel K on
the extremity of the shaft L, the rotatory speed of which is reduced by means
of the train of worm-wheel gearing by which it is driven. The shaft L has
fast to it a pair of stellar wheels. M; it is in the spaces between the radial

page_text: arms of these stellar wheels that the blanks to be cut to one uniform length
are placed. The blanks N are retained in these spaces whilst being cut by
means of the endless belt O which passes between the stellar wheels M, and
is kept distended by the blanks as they are successively deposited in the
spaces of the wheels; the other portion of the belt O is carried an adjustable
pulley Parranged below the machine. The blanks N are successively inserted
between the arms of the stellar wheels M by an attendant, and as the wheels
rotate they are brought within the range of the duplex saws E and F which
cut off the ends of the blanks and make them of uniform length. As the
stellar wheels continue their rotation the cut lengths are released therefrom
when they reach the lower part of the revolution where the belt O has no
longer a tensional strain upon them. The spindle L also carries a circular
metal disc Q to act as an adjustable guage surface for the ends of the blanks
on one side to bear against whilst being cut, so that the cut can be accurately
set to take place at any desired part.
Figure 8 is an elevation, and Figure 9. a plan, showing an improved
arrangement for forming the concavity in the lower ends of bobbins and other
articles where such a contour is required. This arrangement is an improve-
ment upon the means for effecting the same object described and shown in
the Specification of British Letters Patent granted to us for improvements
in turning, cutting, shaping, or reducing wood and other substances, and
bearing date on or about the Twenty-second day of October, One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-seven. In this arrangement the headstock B, the
mandril C, shifting headstock D, and its mandril E are similar to corre-
sponding turning apparatus described in the said Specification. The improve-
ment consists in the means for varying and adjusting the circular or elliptical
range of the cutting tool or tools; through a hole made in the moveable
headstock D the stud of the socket F is passed. This socket may be fixed
either vertically or to any required angle by means of the nut G at the back
of the headstock. The socket F carries the toolholder H, which is secured
thereto by a nut at the lower part, but the holder works freely within it, and
may be partially rotated by means of the handle I. A square hole is cut
through the upper part of the holder H, in which the carrier arm J slides to
and fro, but may be fixed at any point by the lateral pinching screw in the
head of the holder H. The outer end of the arm J is bent upwards at a
right angle, and to the extremity is secured the cutting to 1 K, which is
fastened to the arm J by a pinening screw. As the workman moves the
handle I from right to left the tool K describes a curved path, as indicated by

page_text: dotted lines in Figures 8 and 9 of our Drawings, this curved path extending
from the periphery of the bobbin and increasing in depth towards its centre
thus forming by the simple traverse of the handle I the required concavity.
Where a compound movement of the tool is required the movement of the
socket F may in like manner be governed by a handle similar to that by
which the toolholder H is actuated. In the arrangement shown in Figure 10
on our Drawings, the lateral traverse of the toolholder J is governed by its
backward end having a pin which works in the curved or differentially formed
slot L cut in the upper face of the socket F. By means of these arrangements
for varying the paths described by the cutting tools a great variety of complex
work in turning may be readily effected.
Figure 11 on our Drawings is an end view of an improved cutting tool
which is of a concave gouge-like form; the lower curved line A represents
the bevelled cutting edge; the upper curved line represents the edge of a
plate of iron B which is fastened by screws to a piece of metal which extends
upwards from a bridge piece across the upper part of the curve of the tool.
The edge of the plate B is nearly in contact with the cutting edge of the tool,
its. office being similar to that of a secondary plane iron; the shavings of wood
as they are cut off pass between the cutting edge A and the edge of the plate B
This tool is a modification of others of somewhat similar construction
described in the Specification of the Letters Patent herein-before referred to
Figures 12 and 13 on our Drawings represent a plan and elevation or side
view of an arrangement for sawing and planing or dressing up wood to a fair
surface at one and the same time. In this arrangement the framing À carries
the pedestal bearings B in which the saw shaft C rotates. This shaft, is
driven by an endless belt passing round the fast and loose pulley D; to
the outer extremity of the shaft C is fitted the circular saw E. The teeth
of this saw are made very deep; the part near the point of each tooth is
sharpened so as to cut or divide the wood, whilst the lower part of each tooth
is bevelled off to a cutting edge similar to the edge of a plane iron. Thus
that part of the saw tooth extending from the bottom of the tooth nearly up
to its apex is made with this bevelled plane-like edge. The effect of this
mode of constructing the saw is, that while the wood is cut asunder by the
dividing portion of the tooth, the rough surface is smoothed off or planed by
the following bevelled portion of the tooth. The timber F to be cut is placed
in the adjustable frame G and wedged or otherwise temporarily secured
therein; the frame G traverses to and fro in the guide H, parallel to the face
of the saw.
The frame G is caused to traverse along the guide H at the

page_text: required speed by means of any of the mechanical appliances at present used
for a like purpose; Figure 14 is an elevation, and Figure 15 a plan, of an
arrangement for cutting the figures upon blocks of wood such as are used for
printing textile fabrics. The base plate A is a rectangular plate of metal
having holes made therein for fastening the block to be cut thereto. To one
side of the base plate A is bolted a standard B which serves to support the
upper extremity of the vertical shaft C, the lower end of which is carried in a
footstep bearing on the base plate A. Rotatory motion is communicated to
the shaft from a pulley D that is fast to a spindle E, this spindle carried in
the standard F which is bolted to the base plate. The spindle E is driven
by means of an endless belt in connection with the prime mover, which belt
gives motion to the pulley G on the spindle E. The belt H which passes
round the pulley D, and a pulley on the shaft C imparts its motion thereto.
There is also a grooved pulley I fast to the shaft C, which pulley by means of
the band J gives motion to the pulley K, and this in its turn by the band L
gives motion to the pulley M. The pulley K is fast to a short tubular boss
which runs loosely upon a vertical stud that is fastened to the hand lever N.
The tubular boss of the pulley K is prevented from rising upon the vertical
stud which is screwed thereon. The motion of the pulley K drives the pulley
which is fast to the spindle O, that carries at its lower end the drilling or
cutting tool P. The spindle of the drill Pis supported in a cross head, which
is carried by a pair of uprights Q that are fixed to the hand lever N. The
hand lever N rests upon the vertical support R, which is secured to the base
plate A by bolts; these bolts pass through slots made in the support R, so
that it can be adjusted as regards height. At right angles to the hand lever
N is another hand lever S, which is tubular at its inner end and slides to
and fro upon a rod, which is indicated by dotted lines; its inner end is inade
with an eye which encircles the shaft C. The tubular part of the hand lever
S is secured to the rod upon which it slides by a pinching screw T. To the
outer end of the hand lever is fitted a roller U to facilitate its motion over the
surface of the base plate A. This roller is adjustable as regards height by
means of a screw arrangement which admits of the lever being raised or
lowered as required by the exigencies of the work. The rotatory motion of
the pulleys I, K, and M, and their respective bands impart a like and rapid
motion to the cutting drill P, which drills out the surface of the wood in
whatever direction it is caused to pass over. By means of the two levers
N and S the workman is enabled to cause the cutting tool to follow the
direction of any design that may be drawn upon the 'block V arranged

page_text: beneath the drill. Thus far the machine is adapted for cutting a design
drawn upon
the surface of the intended printing block, but it may be readily
adapted so as to follow the contour of a duplicate block or pattern after the
manner of a pentagraph. This inay be effected by extending the backward
end of the hand lever N so that it overhangs the base plate; to the extremity
of the overhanging end is fitted a style or traversing pointer having at its
lower extremity a small roller so as to move with great facility over the
surface of the pattern. By causing the style to traverse along the curves of
the pattern or duplicate the drill P will pass through a correspondingly curved
path, and in this manner cut a similar design upon the block beneath it.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of our said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, we would observe in conclusion, that we do not confine or restrict
ourselves to the precise details or arrangements which we have had occasion
to describe or refer to, as variations may be made therefrom without deviating
from the principles or main features of our said Invention; but what we con-
sider to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to
us by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is,-
First, the general arrangement and construction of machinery orapparatus
for turning, cutting, and shaping wood and other substances, as herein-before
described.
Second, the use and application of wood for for the purpose of forming or
manufacturing cop bottom holders in lieu of the materials heretofore used for
the purpose, as herein-before described.
Third, the system or mode of turning or manufacturing cop bottom holders
from wood by means of the machinery or apparatus as herein-before described,
or any mere equivalent therefor, or by passing the short lengths of wood upon
a mandril as herein-before described.
Fourth, the system or mode of turning or manufacturing cop bottom holders
by means of a hollow mandril having the shaping tool arranged in the interior
thereof, as herein-before described.
Fifth, the arrangement and construction of machinery for cutting wood into
pieces of uniform length by means of duplex saws, as herein-before described.
Sixth, the system or mode of arranging the cutting tools used in turning
machinery, so that the said tools may be caused to traverse through a cir-
cular, elliptical, or other curved path, at the will of the operator, by means of
mechanism arranged as shown in Figures 8, 9, and 10 of our Drawings, or
any mere equivalent therefor.

page_text: Seventh, the arrangement and construction of concave cutting tools to be
used in conjunction with turning machinery, as herein-before described, and
shown in the accompanying Drawings.
Eighth, the system or mode of constructing saws in which the teeth are so
formed as to plane the surface of the wood after sawing or dividing it, as
herein-before described..
Ninth, the arrangement and construction of machinery for cutting designs
or figures in wooden or other blocks, in which the mechanical details are so
arranged that the cutting drill may be moved at the will of the operator in
any direction over the surface of the block, or be caused to move in accord-
ance with the motion of a style or pointer as it traverses over the surface of a
pattern, as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, we, the said Thomas Hamilton and James Hamilton,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Seventeenth day of
July, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-
eight.
THOMAS HAMILTON. (L.s.)
JAMES HAMILTON.
(L.S.)

page_text: doth hereby disclaim the following words, "system, the cop bottom holders,
"and generally similar articles are turned out of long blanks, either square or
"
66
66
66
"
66
'
cylindrical, by inserting them in a tubular rotatory mandril; as each holder
" is turned and cut off a fresh length of blank is brought forward clear of
"the mandril up against a stop, the turning and cutting off being completed
by means of any suitable compound tools. These cop. holders are also
shaped in another apparatus, consisting of an overhanging end mandril
"head of a lathe bored out centrally and carrying therein a central spindle
"mandril to receive the previously drilled blank end. This bored head is
cut away on one side where it is fitted with an inclined shaping com-
pound cutter of the chisel kind, but curved out at the entering end. As the
"end of the drilled blank is passed by hand upon the central spindle of the
cutting head the externally acting cutter shapes the cop holder as required,
"and the operator then withdraws the blank and cuts off the completed cop
"holder by applying it laterally to a circular saw carried by the same mandril
head, a stop being used to define the proper length of the severed piece by
another" contained. in our said Specification, and, occurring in the twenty-
seventh and remaining lines of page six, and in the fourth and preceding
lines of page seven thereof, as printed by Her Majesty's printers; also the
words "when bobbin barrels, swift spindles, or other details are to be cut to
any actually determined length, they are subjected to the action of a duplex
"circular saw tool. The two circular saws are fast upon a back shaft re-
volving at a high rate, whilst in front of this shaft is another slowly revolving
one driven by a train of worm wheel gearing from the saw shaft, and
"carrying a pair of stellar wheels and at one side a stop disc. The pieces to
"be cut to length are deposited in the openings in the stellar wheels and
"beneath the upper length of an endless belt, which thus bears upon the
inserted pieces, whilst its opposite end is carried upon a front stationary
pulley near the ground. As the pieces are inserted into their retaining
spaces in the stellar wheels, they are each pressed up by one end against the
stop disc plate on the stellar wheel. shaft, which disc is adjustable to suit
the cut, whilst the saws are also similarly adjustable for a like purpose. In
this way the pieces, tightly held down by the tensional action of the endless.
<
"
"
"
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64
"
"
"belt, are successively sawn off as required, and when cut they are released
from the stellar wheels by coming round to the bottom side or length
"of the belt. Bobbin barrels, or other pieces can thus be cut, with great
64
rapidity to a determined and accurate length, in readiness for being faced
"on the ends, if required, by a rotatory plane or other cutting tool. Where
an accurate plane surface with a good hard face is required in shaping
"

page_text: "
<<
6
"
"wood blocks or other details, a circular plane toothed saw is used. This
planing saw has long or deep inclined teeth sloped off to the back, faced so
"as to cause the front face to act at each tooth like a plane cutter,
"the cutting action thus being at a right angle to the plane of revolution
"of-the saw. The work to be cut is traversed up to and along the front
"face of the saw by a guide fence of the usual kind. In cutting out the
"faces of blocks, such as are used for printing and for other purposés,
rotatory tools governed by a pentagraphic movement are used. The block
to be cut is secured down upon a proper base; and over it is set the penta-
graph movement. The actuating power for the cutting tools is derived
" from a belt pulley, from which pulley other belts pass round suitable pulleys
"carried upon studs on the pentagraphic movement so as to convey, the
"revolution to the vertical-mandril of an adjustable frame upon the free arm
"of the pentagraph. The pentagraphic action is fitted with guiding, and
elevating, and depressing levers, so that the operator can direct the rotatory
" cutting action of the necessary tools to whatever part of the design he
"thinks proper," contained in the eighteenth and remaining lines of page
seven, and in the fourteenth and preceding lines of page eight of our said
Specification, printed as aforesaid, as also the following words, figures,
and letters. "Another mode of forming cop bottom holders is shown in.
"Figures 4 and 5 on our Drawings; the former of these Figures' is 'an
"elevation of a portion of the lathe arrangement sufficient to show the
"improvements; Figure 5 is an end view looking upon the circular saw for
cutting off the cop bottom holders. In this arrangement the bed plate A;
"the headstock B, the main portion of the mandril C, and: the driving
"pulley D, are similar to the corresponding parts in Figure 1. The mandril
"C has screwed on to it a partially hollow mandril head E, which is bored
out centrally as shown in the end-view Figure 5, in the centre of this
"recess a small spindle is fixed, and to the internal surface of the recess a
cutting tool F is secured; this cutting tool lias an inclined cutting edge
"which shapes the exterior of the blank to the required taper form. The
" blanks are primarily turned to a cylindrical figure and bored longitudinally
through the centre; the end of one of these blanks is inserted into the
recess and passed over the central spindle; as the workman' pushes the
blank steadily onwards, the tool F shapes the periphery of the blank; the
"further end of the recess forming a stop to indicate the proper length of the
$
"
cop bottom holder. This operation is effected with great rapidity and the
"turned-article is then withdrawn, and the completed cop bottom holder is
"cut off by means of the circular saw G, which is carried upon the hollow

page_text: "mandril E; another portion of the cylindrical blank is then inserted, to be
"turned in like manner to form another cop bottom holder, and so on
66
66
throughout the work," contained in the twenty-ninth and remaining lines
of page ten, and in the twelfth and preceding lines of page eleven, and the
words "in this way," in the thirteenth line of the said eleventh page of our
said Specification, printed as aforesaid, as also the following words, figures, and
letters. Figure 6 on our Drawing is an end view, and Figure 7 a plan of an
improved mode of turning bobbin barrels, swift spindles, and other articles
"of a generally similar kind. In this arrangement there is a rectangular
"bed plate A, having cast thereon the end and central vertical standards B,
"which carry the bearings of two shafts arranged parallel to each other:
«
«
"
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The left hand shaft C has fast to it the pulley D, which is driven by an
endless belt that derives its motion from a steam engine or other prime
"mover; to the shaft C is secured a circular saw E; the portion of the
"shaft beyond this saw has a screw thread cut therein, to which the boss of
"a second circular saw F is fitted; by means of the screw on the shaft C,
"and internal screw in the boss of the saw F, its distance from the saw E
may be adjusted as required for different kinds of work. The opposite
"extremity of the shaft C has upon it a worm G which is in gear with the
"wheel H on the horizontal shaft I; the bearings of this shaft are carried in
"brackets which project from the end standard A. The shaft I carries a
worm J which gears with the wheel K on the extremity of the shaft L, the
rotatory speed of which is reduced by means of the train of worm wheel
"gearing by which it is driven. The shaft L has fast to it a pair of stellar
"wheels M; it is in the spaces between the radial arms of these stellar wheels
"that the blanks to be cut to one uniform length are placed. The blanks N
are retained in these spaces whilst being cut by means of the endless belt O
" which passes between the stellar wheels M, and is kept distended by the
"blanks as they are successively deposited in the spaces of the wheels; the
"other portion of the belt O is carried an adjustable pulley P arranged
"below the machine. The blanks N are successively inserted between the
"arms of the stellar wheels M by an attendant, and as the wheels rotate they
are brought within the range of the duplex saws E and F, which cut off
"the ends of the blanks and make them of uniform length. As the stellar
"wheels continue their rotation the cut lengths are released therefrom, when
"
"
"
they reach the lower part of the revolution where the belt O has no longer
"a tensional strain upon them. The spindle L also carries a circular metal
"dise Q, to act as an adjustable guage surface for the ends of the blanks on one
"side to bear against whilst being cut, so that the cut can be accurately set

page_text: 66
to take place at any desired part" contained in the twenty-first and remain-
ing lines of page eleven, and in the fifteenth and preceding lines of page
twelve of our said Specification, printed as aforesaid, as also the following
words, figures, and letters. "Figure 11 on our Drawings is an end view of an
improved cutting tool which is of a concave gouge-like form, the lower
"curved line A represents the bevelled cutting edge, the upper curved line-
represents the edge of a plate of iron B, which is fastened by screws to a
piece of metal which extends upwards from a bridge piece across the upper
part of the curve of the tool; the edge of the plate B is nearly in contact
"with the cutting edge of the tool, its office being similar to that of a
"secondary plane iron; the shavings of wood as they are cut off pass between
"the cutting edge A and the edge of the plate B.
66.
"
"
6
"
"This tool is a modification of others of somewhat similar construction
described in the Specification of the Letters Patent herein-before referred
to. Figures 12 and 13 on our Drawings represent a plan and elevation or
"side view of an arrangement for sawing and planing, or dressing up wood
to a fair surface at one and the same time. In this arrangement the
framing A carries the pedestal bearings B, in which the saw shaft C rotates.
"This shaft is driven by an endless belt passing round the fast and loose
"pulley D; to the outer extremity of the shaft C is fitted the circular saw E.
"The teeth of this saw are made very deep; the part near the point of each
"tooth is sharpened so as to cut or divide the wood, whilst the lower part of
each tooth is bevelled off to a cutting edge similar to the edge of a plane
"iron. Thus that part of the saw tooth extending from the bottom of the
"the tooth nearly up to its apex is made with this bevelled plane-like edge..
"The effect of this mode of constructing the saw is, that while the wood is"
cut asunder by the dividing portion of the tooth, the rough surface is
"smoothed off or planed by the following bevelled portion of the tooth. The
"timber F to be cut is placed in the adjustable frame G, and wedged or
"otherwise temporarily secured therein; the frame G traverses to and fro in
"the guide H parallel to the face of the saw. The frame G is caused to
traverse along the guide H at the required speed by means of any of the
"mechanical appliances at present used for a like purpose. Figure 14 is an
"elevation, and Figure 15, a plan of an arrangement for cutting the figures
upon blocks of wood, such as are used for printing textile fabrics. The
base plate A is a rectangular plate of metal, having holes made therein for"
fastening the block to be cut thereto. To one side of the base plate A is
"bolted a standard B, which serves to support the upper extremity of the
vertical shaft C, the lower end of which is carried in a footstep bearing on

page_text: 66
"the base plate A. Rotatory motion is communicated to the shaft from a
pulley D that is fast to a spindle E; this spindle carried in the standard F,
"which is bolted to the base plate. The spindle E is driven by means of an
prime mover, which belt gives motion
" endless belt in connection with the
"to the pulley G on the spindle E. The belt H which passes round the
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"
"
"
pulley D and a pulley on the shaft C imparts its motion thereto. There
is also a grooved pulley I fast to the shaft C, which pulley by means of the
"band J gives motion to the pulley K, and this in its turn by the band L
gives motion to the pulley M. The pulley K is fast to a short tubular boss,
which runs loosely upon a vertical stud that is fastened to the hand lever N..
"The tubular boss of the pulley K is prevented from rising upon the vertical
"stud which is screwed thereon. The motion of the pulley K drives the
pulley M, which is fast to the spindle O that carries at its lower end tho
drilling or cutting tool P. The spindle of the drill P is supported in a
cross head, which is carried by a pair of uprights Q that are fixed to the
"hand lever N. The hand lever N rests upon the vertical support R, which
" is secured to the base plate A by bolts; these bolts pass through slots made
" in the support R, so that it can be adjusted as regards height. At right
"angles to the hand lever N is another hand lever S, which is tubular at its
"inner end and slides to and fro upon a rod, which is indicated by dotted
"lines; its inner end is made with an eye, which encircles the shaft C. The
"tubular part of the hand lever S is secured to the rod upon which it slides.
"by a pinching screw T. To the outer end of the hand lever is fitted a
"roller U to facilitate its motion over the surface of the base plate A. This
"roller is adjustable as regards height by means of a screw arrangement,
"which admits of the lever being raised or lowered as required by the
exigencies of the work. The rotatory motion of the pulleys I, K, and M,
" and their respective bands, impart a like and rapid motion to the cutting
"drill P, which drills out the surface of the wood in whatever direction it is,
"caused to pass over. By means of the two levers N and S, the workman
" is enabled to cause the cutting tool to follow the direction of any design.
"that may be drawn upon the block V arranged beneath the drill.. Thus far
"
"
<
"
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the machine is adapted for cutting a design drawn upon the surface of the.
intended printing block, but it may be readily adapted so as to follow the
contour of a duplicate block or pattern, after the manner of a pentagraph..
This may be effected by extending the backward end of the hand lever N,
so that it overhangs the base plate; to the extremity of the overhanging
end is fitted a style or traversing pointer, having at its lower extremity a
" small roller as to move with great facility over the surface of the pattern.
"

page_text: 46
"
By causing the style to traverse along the curves of the pattern or duplicate,
"the drill P will pass through a correspondingly curved path, and in this
manner cut a similar design upon the block beneath it;" contained in the
twelfth and remaining lines of page thirteen in page fourteen, and in the tenth and
preceding lines of page fifteeen of our said Specification, printed as aforesaid ;
also the words, "First, the general arrangement and construction of machinery
or apparatus for turning, cutting, and shaping wood and other substances, as
herein-before described," contained in the nineteenth and tivo following lines of
the same page; as also the following words, "turning or manufacturing cop
"bottom holders by means of a hollow mandril having the shaping tool.
"arranged in the interior thereof, as herein-before described.
"Fifth, the arrangement and construction of machinery for cutting wood
"into pieces of uniform length by means of duplex saws, as, herein-before
"described. Sixth, the system or mode of," contained in the twenty-ninth
to the thirty-fourth lines of page fifteen of our said Specification, printed as
aforesaid, as also the following words, " Seventh, the arrangement and con;
"struction of concave eutting tools to be used in conjunction with turning
"machinery, as herein-before described and shown in the accompanying
"
Drawings. Eighth, the system or mode of constructing saws, in which the
"teeth are so formed as to plane the surface of the wood after sawing or
dividing it, as herein-before described. Ninth, the arrangement and con-
"struction of machinery for cutting designs or figures in wooden or other
"blocks, in which the niechanical details are so arranged that the cutting
"drill may be moved at the will of the operator in any direction over the
"surface of the block, or be caused to move in accordance with the motion
"of a style or pointer as it traverses over the surface of a pattern, as herein,
"before described," contained in the twelfth and preceding lines of page
sixteen of our said Specification printed as aforesaid. We further hereby dis-
claim or cancel Figures 4, 5, 6, 7, 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15 of the Drawings
appended to our said Specification, being the Figures referred to in what
is herein-before stated to be disclaimed.
1
We hereby alter or amend our said Specification by substituting for the fol-
lowing words "enable, is, segmetally, guage, is, revoling," contained respectively
in the lines one, and twenty-six, page six; line eight, page seven; lines twenty-
six and thirty-four, page nine; and line three, page ten, the following words
respectively, namely, "make, are, segmentally, gauge, being, revolving," and
by substituting for tlie words "laterally slide," contained in line thirty-five,.
page nine, the words "longitudinally sliding," the said words which we hereby
thus alter or amend being contained in our said Specification, as printed by Her

page_text: .
Majesty's Printers, and certified by Clerks in the Great Seal Patent Office.
And we also hereby alter or amend our said Specification by cancelling or
erasing the word "for" in the twenty-second line of page fifteen thereof, as
printed as aforesaid, and also by erasing the words "Second," "Third," and
"Fourth," contained respectively in the twenty-second, twenty-fifth, and twenty-
ninth lines of the said page fifteen, and substituting therefor the words
"Firstly," "Secondly," and "Thirdly, respectively. And in order that the
effect of the present Disclaimer and Memorandum of Alteration may be
clearly shown and understood, we will proceed to repeat (omitting the pre-
amble and testing clause) the said Specification as proposed to be hereby
amended:-
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Our said Invention relates in the first place to the application or employ-
"ment and use of small cylindrical, conical, or taper wooden tubes to act as
cop bottom holders, or the fundamental bases of copped or wound-up yarn,
66. as required in various branches of textile manufacture. These holders are
"turned or shaped out of rough wooden blanks by the agency of the
"machinery or apparatus to be herein-after described, and they are princi-
66
"
"
"
66
"
pally suitable as the supporting bases on which to wind the lowest strata
"of yarn in the formation of cops, so that when the yarn comes to be wound
"off in the process of manufacture, either by weaving in the shuttle or other-
wise, the whole or very nearly the whole of the yarn can be properly taken
off and turned to available account. In this way the manufacturer is
enabled to save and economise all or nearly all the yarn usually lost in
"the shape of waste cop bottoms. The wooden blanks out of which these
cop bottom holders are made are rectangular in transverse section as they
come from the saw, and they are long enough to make several holders.
"These blanks are each worked into shape in a composite apparatus of the
"lathe class, the blank being inserted by one end into a corresponding
squared end recess in the front end of the running lathe mandril. Between
this mandril and the following headstock of the apparatus there is fitted a
" traversing slide rest bracket toolholder, acting also as a guide eye bracket
"for the work. On the front side of the eye of this bracket toolholder there
"is fitted a compound gouge and chisel cutter, which as the free end of the
"blank is entered into the eye reduces the part to a cylindrical form by the
"revolution of the blank to fit the guide eye. The other side of the sliding tool-
"holder has attached to it a bent stop, set to measure off the required length
" of the intended cop holder, the toolholder being traversed along its guides
" and along and over the end of the blank until the stop comes against the
"end of the latter. This side of the toolholder also carries a transversely
«

page_text: "
"
acting toolholder or slide rest piece, fitted with a composite tool for turning
"the cone or taper upon the cop holder, and for cutting off and squaring the
"ends thereof. This tool consists of a main broad chisel with a cutting edge
"inclined both horizontally and vertically, whilst a cutter on each side serves
"for severing the length for the cop holder and squaring the ends. The
"central hole is drilled out by a drilling tool carried in the mandril of the
following headstock, which tool is brought forward against the end of the
"revolving blank by a hand lever with a segmental toothed end gearing with
"a fixed rack upon the headstock. An inclined chisel tool may also be
directly attached to the transversely acting toolholder instead of the main
"cutter of the composite tool, the squaring of the ends being performed either
by side or end cutters attached to it or otherwise arranged. The same
"machinery or modifications of it are also available for making bushes for
"bobbins and other generally similar articles. By another procedure short
drilled blanks are shaped to form by being centred by one end upon the
"rounded end of the revolving mandril of the tool whilst the front end of the
"other mandril being of reduced diameter is traversed forward to enter the
"drilled centre, this traverse of the mandril being effected either by the
segmentally ended lever and rack action previously described, or by a treadle
"and compound lever and spring movement, which latter movement is also
available in all cases, instead of the rack movement before described. When
"the blank is thus centred and held it is reduced to shape by means either of à
single or a back and front compound tool. In turning the blanks of bobbins
or yarn holders and similar articles to shape, the rough blank in each case is
"turned down by back and front traversing slide rest tools, whilst the concave
"face of one end flange is reduced to form by means of a gouge tool set.on
an angular lever which is brought round by hand for the purpose..by the
"operator after the other portions of the bobbins are shaped.
"
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"
"
..::
"And in order that our Invention may be properly understood, we shall
"now proceed to describe the several illustrative Figures upon the explanatory
"Sheet of Drawings which we have hereunto appended, for the purpose of
showing certain modifications under which our improvements may be
judiciously carried out in practice.
"The first part of our present Invention consists in the application or
employment and use of small conical tubes formed of wood, and employed
as cop bottom holders or bases for winding yarn thereon to form the cops
" for shuttles.
"
Figure 1 of our Drawing is an
"mechanical arrangement for turning
elevation or longitudinal view of a
or forming these cop bottom holders;

page_text: "Figure 2 is a vertical section of Figure 1, showing the arrangement of the
"compound toolholder; and Figure 3 is a corresponding vertical section, but
"taken nearer to the right hand extremity of the bed plate, so as to show
"the arrangement for shifting the headstock to and fro. In this modification
"the turning machinery is mounted upon a rectangular bed plate A, to which
"is fixed the headstock B, which carries the mandril C. This mandril is
“driven by means of an endless belt, which passes round the pulley D, and
"derives its motion from a steam engine or other prime mover. The front
"extremity of the mandril C is made with an internal squared recess, into
"which is passed the end of the rough blank E, from which the cop bottom
"holders are to be turned. These blanks are rectangular pieces of wood
"sufficiently long to make several conical holders, and they are inserted into
"the mandril in the rough state as they leave the saw. The bed plate A of
"the machine is made with the usual longitudinal opening, having dovetailed
" or angular sides, in which opening the slide rest toolholder F is fitted. This
"toolholder consists of the vertical plate F, which has upon its left hand face
"a small bracket projecting therefrom; to the angular face of this bracket
"is bolted the cutting tool G. This cutter is a gouge-like tool, arranged so
that it turns down the blank E, to the predetermined diameter, and reducing
"the wood to a cylindrical form. As the blank is turned down by the cutter
G, the toolholder F, is advanced along the bed plate A by the means herein-
"after described, the turned portion of the blank enters the eye H, in
"the vertical plate of the toolholder, which eye serves to guide and
steady the turned portion of the blank. When a sufficient length
"of the turned wood to form the cop bottom holder has passed
"through the guide eye H; the other cutting tools are brought into
"operation, which give to it the conical or taper figure, square off the
ends, and sever the turned holder from the remaining portion of the
"blank. These secondary cutters are held in a slide rest arrangement,
"which forms a part of the toolholder F; from the right-hand face of the
"vertical plate of the toolholder a small horizontal plate I projects, which
has a dovetailed groove formed in it. The plate I has fitted to it a sliding
plate J, which is attached by means of a link to the hand lever K; this
"lever is centred upon a stud that projects from the vertical plate of the
66
66
66.
"
toolholder F. The sliding plate J has upon its upper face a holder, in
"which the cutting tools L are fixed by means of pinching screws; two of
"these cutters are placed at a distance apart equal to the length of the
"intended cop bottom holders, and a third tool, which is placed above the
"others, turns the longitudinal face or periphery of the wood. When

page_text: "
"the proper length of turned wood has passed through the eye H, which is
"indicated by a simple gauge placed at the back of the blank, the attendant
workman moves the tools L up to the work by means of the hand lever K.
"The broad chisel-like tool first comes into operation, its cutting edge being
"placed at an angle so as to turn the surface of the wood down to the re-
"quired conical figure. As the slide rest is steadily advanced the two. lower:
cutting tools then come into operation, and complete the work by squaring,
"the ends and cutting off the cop bottom holder from the other portion of the
blank. A longitudinal hole is drilled through the centre of the cop bottom
"holders, this being effected as the wood emerges from the eye H in the
"vertical plate of the toolholder F. The moveable headstock. M carries
"the longitudinally sliding mandril in the front extremity of which is:
"fitted the drill O. The mandril N is moved towards the blank by means.
of a hand lever, the back extremity of which forms a segmental toothed.
"end P which works in the fixed horizontal rack Q. Upon the attendant.
"workman moving the hand lever of the toothed segment P the drill.is
"brought up to the end of the blank, and it cuts its way through the rapidly.
revolving wood. The drill O passes. through the wood somewhat. beyond
"the part where the cop bottom holder is to be cut off, so that the orifice is.
"made completely through it. As the cop bottom holders are cut off the.
"headstock M requires to be moved in like proportion; this is effected by
"
"
means of the wheel R, which gears with the rack S that is fitted to the
"inner side of the bed plate A. The wheel R is fast to the short vertical.
"
spindle T, to the upper extremity of which is fixed a hand wheel U; by..
"putting this wheel in motion the headstock is caused to traverse to and fro.
" upon the bed plate A as required. As the headstock M is moved along
"the bed plate it carries with it the toolholder F, which is attached to the
"mandril N by. means of the arm. V; the lower extremity of this arm has an.
"internal screw tapped in it that corresponds to the external screw.W; this
screw projects laterally from the face of the vertical plate of the tool-.
"holder F; it is screwed into the.arm V, and is held perfectly steady by the
"nut X. When the mandril N is moved up to the work to drill the central.
"hole in the cop bottom holder, the toolholder F is also moved along a cor-:
responding distance, so that as the drill O is doing its, work inside the.
cylindrical part of the blank, the cutter G is turning down, a fresh portion of,
"the outside of the blank, and as the cop bottom holders are successively,
"formed and cut off from the. blank, the mandril N as it. follows, the blank
gets protruded to its full extent; it is when this occurs that the headstock.
"
.6.
66.

page_text: "M requires to be moved nearer. to the blank. The mandril N is then
"moved backwards or to the right hand to its full extent, and the headstock
"M is put in motion by means of the hand wheel U, and when moved the
"required distance it may be fixed by a pin or other catch passed between
"the teeth of the wheel R, or by any other simple and convenient means.
Figure 3 is an elevation of one of the cop-bottom holders on the scale of
"full size. Instead of turning the cop-bottom holders from one long
"unbored blank in this-way, short bored blanks may be strung or passed
upon a mandril and completed by the back and forward action of a com-
"pound or duplex tool or by hand. Attempts have heretofore been made to
"manufacture these cop bottom holders of gutta percha, and also of paper,
"neither of which materials have been found to answer the purpose; but by
manufacturing the cop bottom holders in wood, they not only fully answer
the intended purpose, but can be produced the means herein-before
66
"described, very economically as regards prime cost.
"
"Figure 8 is an elevation, and Figure 9, a plan, showing an improved
"arrangement for forming the concavity in the lower ends of bobbins and
"other articles where such a contour is required. This arrangement is an
"improvement upon the means for effecting the same object described and
"shown in the Specification of British Letters Patent, granted to us for
Improvements in Turning, Cutting, Shaping, or Reducing Wood, and other
"Substances, and bearing date on or about the Twenty-second day of October,
"One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven. In this arrangement the head-
"stock B, the mandril C, shifting headstock D, and its mandril E are similar
"to corresponding turning apparatus described in the said Specification.
"The improvement consists in the means for varying and adjusting the
"circular or elliptical range of the cutting tool or tools; through a hole made
"in the moveable headstock D the stud of the socket F is passed. This
"socket may be fixed either vertically or to any required angle by means of
"the nut G at the the back of the headstock. The socket F carries the tool-
"holder H, which is secured thereto by a nut at the lower part, but the
"holder works freely within it, and may be partially rotated by means of the
"handle I. A square hole is cut through the upper part of the holder H,
"in which the carrier arm J slides to and fro, but may be fixed at any point
by the lateral pinching screw in the head of the holder H. The outer end
"of the arm J is bent upwards at a right angle, and to the extremity is
"secured the cutting tool K, which is fastened to the arm J by a pinching
" screw. As the workman moves the handle I from right to left the tool K

page_text: "
describes a curved path as indicated by dotted lines in Figures 8 and 9 of
our Drawings; this curved path extending from the periphery of the bobbin,
"and increasing in depth towards its centre, thus forming by the simple
traverse of the handle. I the required concavity. Where a compound
"movement of the tool is required, the movement of the socket F may in
"like manner be governed by a handle similar to that by which the tool-
"holder H is actuated. In the arrangement shown in Figure 10, on our
"Drawings, the lateral traverse of the toolholder J is governed by its back-
"ward end having a pin, which works in the curved or differentially formed
"slot L, cut in the upper face of the socket F. By means of these arrange-
"ments for varying the paths described by the cutting tools, a great variety
"of complex work in turning may be readily effected..
66
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of our said
"Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
"into effect, we would observe in conclusion, that we do not confine or restrict
"ourselves to the precise details or arrangements which we have had occasion
"to describe or refer to, as variations may be made therefrom without
"deviating from the principles or main features of our said Invention; but
"what we consider to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the
"Invention. secured to us by the herein-before in part recited Letters
Patent is,--
"First, the-general arrangement and construction of machinery-or-apparatus for
" turning, outting, and shaping wood and other substances as herein before
described.
"Second. Firstly, the use and application of wood for the purpose of
"forming or manufacturing cop bottom holders in lieu of the materials
"heretofore used for the purpose, as herein-before described.
Third. Secondly, the system or mode of turning or manufacturing cop
"bottom holders from wood, by means of the machinery or apparatus as
"herein-before described, or any mere equivalent therefor, or by passing the
"short lengths of wood upon a mandril, as herein-before described.
"Fourth. Thirdly, the system or mode of arranging the cutting tools used
"in turning machinery, so that the said tools may be caused to traverse
through a circular, elliptical, or other curved path at the will of the
operator by means of mechanism, arranged as shown in Figures 8, 9, and 10
"of our Drawings, or any mere equivalent therefor."
And we the said Thomas Hamilton and James Hamilton do hereby further
declare that the above Disclaimer and Memorandum of Alteration are not
nor is any part thereof intended to extend the exclusive right granted by the

page_text: said Letters Patent, and that these Presents shall not extend the said
exclusive right in any way whatever.
In witness whereof, we, the said Thomas Hamilton and James Hamilton,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Thirteenth day of March,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five.
ROUNDELL PALMER,
Attorney-General.
Lincoln's Inn, April 19th, 1865.