IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY, OR APPARATUS FOR WORKING WOOD
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edwin Jackson, of Bradford, and John Jackson, of Leeds,
both in the County of York, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY,
OR APPARATUS FOR WORKING WOOD."
j
Sealed the 29th April 1878, and dated the 31st January 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edwin Jackson and John
Jackson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st January.
1878.
"
EDWIN JACKSON, of Bradford, and JOHN JACKSON, of Leeds, both in the County.
of York. IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR WORKING WOOD.".
Our Improvements consist in a combination of machinery, as follows:-Firstly,,
we provide a circular saw bench or table with circular saw, having a rising and
falling spindle, or the bench or table is arranged so that it may be raised or lowered
at pleasure.
On the saw bench or table is provided a vertical slide on which is mounted or
carried a spindle; on this may be fixed a cutter head or disc plate for moulding,
tenoning, and other purposes.
At the back of the bench a vertical shaft is mounted in suitable bearings on
which the driving pulleys are carried.
At the back of the saw bench also is attached or applied an endless band saw;
having a table which may be canted to any angle to suit the work for which it is
required, the band saw being kept sufficiently tight by ordinary means.
Over the saw bench is provided a horizontal slide which may be set to any angle,
and arranged so as to work on an upright bracket or pillar. On this slide is fitted
a traversing head on which is fitted another slide to which a horizontal or vertical
motion is given by means of a screw actuated by suitable gearing. This vertical
slide carries cutter spindle, on which may be fixed boring tools, cutter heads, or
Price 671

page_text: disc plates for moulding, tenoning, boring, mortising, planing, thicknessing, screw
cutting, spiral moulding cutting, moulding circular work, or squaring and moulding
quarter wreaths for hand rails and other purposes.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of. the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Edwin Jackson and John Jackson in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 30th July 1878.
EDWIN JACKSON, of Bradford, and JOHN JACKSON, of Leeds, both in the County
of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR WORKING WOOD."
Fig. 1 (Sheet 1) is a front elevation, shewing the general arrangement of a wood
working machine, according to our Invention.
Fig. 2 is a plan of the machine; Fig. 3 is an end elevation thereof.
Figs. 4, 5, and 6 are various detached details for working quarter turns and
wreaths of hand rails.
Fig. 7 is a front view of bracket for boring and mortising.
Fig. 8 is a moveable tenoning carriage.
1 is the principal framework of the machine; 2 is a sliding bracket (under the
table) and carries a circular saw spindle 3. This bracket 2 is made to rise and fall
in an ordinary way by the hand wheel 4, gearing 5, and screw 6; 7 is an adjustable
fence provided for square and bevil cutting. The saw spindle is driven in the usual
way. Near to one end of the table a vertical spindle 8 is mounted in bearings in a
slide 9, which is capable of vertical adjustment by means of the hand wheel 10,
gearing 11, and screw 12.
The motion is such as to allow of the upper end of the spindle 8 being lowered
clear of the top of the table. At the back of the machine and on the table is fixed
a pillar 13, upon which is mounted the radial arm or bed 14, which is free to turn
horizontally thereon to any angle required. Upon the arm or bed 14 is mounted a
compound slide composed of two slides 15 and 16. The slide 16 carries in suitable
bearings a vertical spindle 17 which is capable of adjustment horizontally by the
screw 18 moving the compound slide, and vertically by the hand wheel 19 and
screw 20 moving the slide 16.
Upon the upper end of the spindle 8 and upon the lower end of the spindle 17,
cutters are mounted suitable for the various kinds of work to be performed.
The driving shaft 21 from which motion is given to the spindle 8 and 17 passes
through the pillar 13, and is carried by it and the foot step 22. The spindle 17
receives its motion (by a band or strap) from the pulley 23, and the spindle 8 receives
motion by another band or strap from the pulley 24, the pulley 25 being a loose
one.
Mortising is done by a revolving cutter or bit fixed in the spindle 17, which is
turned round on the pillar 13 to the required position. A bracket 26 is attached to
the back of the principal framing 1, which bracket is provided with a suitable

page_text: sliding table 27. A gripping cramp 27ª receives and holds the part to be operated
upon.
The sliding table 27 receives reciprocating motion from the crank 28, which is
driven from the pulley 29 on the vertical driving shaft 21 through the pulley. 30
on the crank shaft, the length of the crank stroke being adjustable to the length of
mortise required. The mortises thus formed are round at the ends.
The squaring and moulding of quarter turns and wreaths of hand rails is effected
by aid of the apparatus represented by the parts 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, and 36, in Figs.
4, 5, and 6.
The stock 31 fixed to the side of the principal framework 1 of the machine is
pierced to receive the vertical rod 32. This rod at all times represents the centre
of the "well hole" of a stair case. The cutter on the end of the spindle 17 is so
adjusted in position by means of the radial arm or bed 14 and slide 15, that the
cutter's periphery represents the radius of the required "well hole." To the vertical
rod 32 a horizontal rod or bar 33 is fixed as shewn, and on it the cramp or bed
plate 34 is secured to the required pitch of the wreath. The wreath piece being
fixed in the cramp 34 on the horizontal rod or bar 33, and also brought to a
position corresponding with the radius of the required "well hole" from the axis
32, the tool or cutter in the spindle 17 is then brought over the wreath piece to the
point where the cut is required to be made, and also to the required depth. Then,
by moving the apparatus that is carried by the rod 32 horizontally round the axis
of that rod, a cut is made which forms a perfect segment of a circle, thus squaring
the inside surface of the wreath. To square the outside surface of the wreath, the
slide 15 is moved horizontally on the radial arın or bed 14, a distance equal to the
breadth of the required wreath or rail, plus the diameter of the cutter. The operation
of moving the apparatus around the axis 32 being then repeated, the wreath piece
is so squared quite truly on both its inside and outside surfaces.
To square the top and the under side, and to give the required twist to the
wreath or rail, another rod or bar 35 is placed horizontally above and at right angles
to the rod or bar 33. The cramp or bed plate. 34 is now fixed on the rod or
bar 35, so that the line on the top side of the wreath is perpendicular when
the tool is brought down to the depth required, and circular vertical motion is
given to the wreath, and a horizontal traverse on the rod or bar 33 at right
angles, the previously formed side surface of the wreath being always kept close.
up to the guide 36; the upper suface then becomes perfectly shaped. The same
operation being repeated for the bottom side, the wreath then becomes a portion
of a helical coil, whose cross section is rectangular.
To produce the moulding on the wreath, the same motion is used, but the tool
used must be a counterpart to that of the moulding required.
To cut spiral mouldings, the material to be operated upon is placed between ⚫
centres or bearings in suitable headstocks 37 and 38 on the bracket 26. The radial
arm or bed 14 is swivelled round, fixed over the headstocks, and secured in a
position parallel therewith, so that the axis of the cutter spindle forms a radial line
with the object to be operated upon.
Change wheels are provided between the headstock 37 and the screw 18, so that
various pitches of spirals may be cut as follows:-Motion is given to the screw 18,
a longitudinal traverse is imparted to the cutter slides 15 and 16, along the radial arm
or bed 14, and, by means of the change gear, an angular, circular, or axial
motion is given to the object intended to be cut, thereby producing the spiral
required.
Taper spirals may also be cut by raising or lowering the centre of the headstock 38,
so that the axis of the object forms an angle with the radial arm or bed 14.
Plain taper objects may also be shaped by this apparatus.
For tenoning, the cutter spindle 17 may be brought directly over the bottom
spindle 8, and the cutter so arranged and formed to cut shoulders of equal or un-
equal length, and form the said shoulders either square or undercut or otherwise, as
.

page_text: may be desired, a suitable carriage 39 being provided on which to mount the
material to be operated upon, the said carriage being moved by hand.
For cutting mouldings, the upper spindle 17 with its cutter is capable of being
moved to any required position to cut one side, while the lower spindle and cutter may
be used to cut the other.
For trenching, the material being suitably fixed on table, and the upper spindle
and cutter being travelled along by means of screw 18, either square or angular
work may be produced. The operation of grooving and rebating resemble the
operation of moulding.
When longer objects (for instance, ships' masts) than can be admitted between the
centres of the above-described machine are required to be cut, the construction of the
machine may be modified, as shewn in Figs. 9, 10, and 11, whereof Fig. 9 is a front
elevation thereof shewing the general arrangement of the machine; Fig. 10 is an end
elevation thereof; Fig. 11 is a plan of the same. In this arrangement we use a long slide
40, for carrying the cutter spindle 17, and similar slide (forming a compound slide) to
those shewn on the radial arm or bed 14, described with reference to the preceeding
arrangement.
The long slide 40 is placed on the faces of uprights or standards 41 and 42,
arranged on the top of the principal framework 1 of the machine, and is capable of
being raised or lowered by a suitable arrangement of gearing and screws, as shewn
in Figs. 9, 10, and 11. Or, if preferred, the principal framework 1 may be dispensed
with, and the uprights or standards 41 and 42 be carried down to the floor or a
suitable foundation, and secured thereto, the bases of said standards or uprights
being made to project forward so as to have the fixed table 43 mounted thereon.
In this latter arrangement the vertical driving shaft 21 and the pulley 44 may
also be dispensed with, and the driving pulleys 45 and 46 (shewn in dots) on
the vertical shaft 47 (Fig. 9) substituted therefor.
A table 43 of any suitable length may be fixed under the spindle 17, upon which
may be mounted a pair of headstocks 37 and .38 similarly arranged to those herein-
before described and for similar purposes, and having the same reference numbers
marked thereon.
The present arrangement of long slide 40 and table 43 may be used for squaring
or trueing, or trying up large scantlings of timber, as shewn in Fig. 11, and by the
cutter spindle and disc travelling in place of the wood, having the usual motion,
considerable saving of room may be effected in working this class of machine over
the ordinary ones in use.
For tenoning, the material to be operated upon is fixed upon the table 43 by
a suitable fence and holding apparatus. Such fence and holding apparatus has
a horizontal swivelling or angular motion, in order that tenons may be cut,
having either right or any desired angle. The spindle 17 and suitable cutters
mounted thereon, are traversed past the material by means of the screw 18 in
the long slide 40. The lengths and forms of the shoulders are provided for by
the diameters and configurations of the cutters.
For cutting mouldings the material is fixed to the table in proper position by
suitable holding apparatus, and the spindle 17 with the desired shape of moulding
is traversed on the long slide 40 by the screw 18, as in the tenoning operation.
For trenching, the material is suitably fixed on the table, and the spindle with
cutter is traversed as above described.
The operations of grooving and rebating are performed similarly to the moulding
operation.
Having described the nature of our said Invention, and the manner in which the
same is to be performed, we would have it understood that what we consider to be
novel and original, and therefore claim as our Invention is,―
1. The combination of parts constituting the improved wood working machinery,
constructed, arranged, and operating, as shewn in and described with reference to
Figs. 1 to 8 inclusive of the accompanying Drawings.

page_text: 2. The combination with the table of the pillar 13, shaft 21, pulley 23, radial arm
or bed 14 (capable of turning about said pillar), slides 15 and 16, spindle 17, and
adjusting screws 18 and 20, all arranged and operating substantially as described
and shewn.
3. In combination with mechanism such as referred to in claim 2, the bracket 26
(attached to the framing 1) with its sliding table 27, means for actuating the same,
and the gripping cramp, all arranged and operating substantially as described and
shewn for the purpose specified.
4. In combination with mechanism, such as referred to in claim 2, the apparatus
shewn in and described with reference to Figs. 4, 5, and 6 of the Drawings, for
squaring, shaping, and moulding the wreaths and quarter turns of hand rails.
5. The arrangement of apparatus for cutting spiral mouldings, substantially as
described and shewn.
6. The constructing wood working machinery, substantially as described with
reference to Figs. 9, 10, and 11 of the Drawings.
In witness whereof, we, the said Edwin Jackson and John Jackson, have
hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-fourth day of July, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.