Motor Car.
Year: 1897

page_text: Motor Car.
CHARLES M. JOHNSON, 22, Laurence Pountney. Lane, Cannon Street, E.C.,
Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows;-
-
My invention consists of a motor car & means of operating same, in which
I may use a two or more wheeled vehicle to carry the power generator & motor
which may be connected on to any other vehicle as required. The purpose of
this invention is to use an explosive engine at a regular or very near a regular
load, for it is a well known fact that an explosive engine in order to make a perfect
combustion of the gases used for the explosion must be working at a regular or
very near a regular load & the purpose of this invention is to obtain that result.
In a former specification I did combine the explosive engine with an air engine or
the like to accomplish this result. Now I am combining the explosive engine with
a dynamo & motor & a variable resistance which may consist of a resistance entire
or in part or of an accumulator entire or in part. In my construction I may place
the explosive engine in connection with a dynamo & when the accumulator is used
in whole or in part as it may be used when the power of the engine is not absorbed
to drive the motor car, I store the current in the accumulator and may use this
stored current in emergencies like hill climbing, starting or at any other time
when required.
My invention further consists of the use of the fly wheel of an engine as a
dynamo, that is to say, a reduction in weight of the dynamo may be made by the
use of this arrangement in connection with an engine.
My invention further consists of lessening the weight of the dynamo & motor
by making the fields and magnets of hollow tubing of any desirable form, the
said fields and magnets may be filled with iron filings, or the like, in such a
manner that the mass will increase the efficiency of the dynamo and motor of
ordinary construction and yet be lighter and more efficient.
My invention further consists of the consuming of the unburnt gases of the
explosive engine, which it is well known causes a disagreeable odour by placing
within a round or close to the exhaust pipe or exhaust of the explosive engine,
either a light, heat or both, by which the gases can be consumed.
My invention further consists of an electric current generator to fire the explosive
mixture operated by the explosive engine, this electric current generator gives
out a current very refractory, making a highly efficient ignitor of the explosive
charge.

page_text: I, CHARLES M JOHNSON, of 22, Laurence Pountney Lane, Cannon Street, in
the City of London, Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement ;-
-
My invention consists of a motor car and means of operating same, in which
I may use a two or more wheeled vehicle to carry the power generator and motor
which may be connected on to any other vehicle as required. The purpose of
this invention is to use an explosion engine at a regular or very nearly a regular
load, for it is a well known fact that an explosion engine in order to make a perfect
combustion of the gases, used for the explosion must be working at a regular or
very nearly a regular load and the purpose of this invention is to obtain that result.
In a former specification I did combine the explosion engine with an air engine or
the like to accomplish this result. Now I am combining the explosion engine with
a dynamo and motor and a variable resistance which may consist of a resistance entire
or in part or of an accumulator entire or in part. In my construction I may place
the explosion engine in connection with a dynamo and when the accumulator is used
in whole or in part as it may be used when the power of the engine is not absorbed
to drive the motor car, I store the current in the accumulator and may use this
stored current in emergencies like hill climbing, starting or at any other time
when required.
My invention further consists of the use of the fly wheel of an engine as a
dynamo, that is to say, a reduction in weight of the dynamo may be made by the
use of this arrangement in connection with an engine.
My invention further consists of lessening the weight of the dynamo and motor
by making the fields and magnets of hollow tubing of any desirable form, the
said fields and magnets may be filled with iron filings, or the like, in such a
manner that the mass will increase the efficiency of the dynamo and motor of
ordinary construction and yet be lighter and 1..ore efficient.
My invention further consists of the consuming of the unburnt gases of the
explosion engine, which it is well known causes a disagreeable odour by placing
within around or close to the exhaust pipe or exhaust of the explosion engine,
either a light, heat or both, by which the gases can be consumed.
My invention further consists of an electric current generator to fire the explosive
mixture operated by the explosion engine, this electric current generator gives
out a current very refractory, making a highly efficient ignitor of the explosive
charge.
The accompanying drawings illustrate by way of example one arrangement or
construction of apparatus according to this invention.
Figure 1 is a side elevation of the operative portion of a motor vehicle operated
by an explosion engine in combination with a dynamo, motor and regulating
device according to this invention.
Figure 2 being a plan below the line 2-2 of Figure 1, of the apparatus shown
in Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a diagram of the electric connections of the same apparatus.
Figure 4 illustrates one method of applying the fly wheel of the engine to form
the core of a dynamo armature and shows a transverse section of hollow field mag-
nets packed with filings.

page_text: Figure 6 lustrates a device for consuming the unburnt gases from the vanausu
of the explosion engine, and
Figure 6 an arrangement of an electric generator to fire the charge in the
cylinder of the explosion engine.
Like letters indicate like parts throughout the drawings.
With reference first to Figures 1, 2 and 3, A. is the body or frame of a portion of
a motor road vehicle carrying the operative machinery and to which a trailing
portion B is attached preferably by a pivotal connection such as is indicated at B₁.
The body A forms a box like structure within which are contained an explosion
engine Ca dynamo D a motor E and (in the example illustrated) a battery of
accumulators F. If preferrred the accumulators may be replaced by a variable
resistance.
The explosion engine C is preferably a double cylinder engine as indicated in
the drawings, and drives a dynamo D by means of two belts C connecting two
pulleys C on the engine with two corresponding pulleys D' on the dynamo. The
commutator of the dynamo is indicated at 12.
The motor E is geared to the road wheels A' through equational gearing G and
belts G2 in a well known manner readily understood from the drawings.
The commutator of the motor is indicated at E the brushes and brush gearing
both on the dynamo and motor being omitted for the sake of clearness.
:-
The operation of the apparatus shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3 is as follows:-
The engine, dynamo and motor are so proportioned that under normal con-
ditions of running the power at which the engine preferably operated is greater
than that required by the motor to propel the vehicle and the surplus power
generated from the dynamo by the engine is stored in the accumulator F which, as
is seen from Figure 3, is preferably placed in parallel with the motor and is
provided with a switch S by which it may be put in or out of connection with the
dynamo or motor circuit.
When power above the normal is required by the motor, such for example as
in the case of hill climbing or starting, the reserve power stored in the accumulator
may be drawn upon to supply this additional demand, the engine C being still
worked at or very nearly at the normal load.
It will thus be seen that the engine C may be worked at an approximately
constant load under all conditions of demand by the motor thus ensuring the
most favourable conditions of working for the engine.
If preferred the engine may be always operated at a load greater than the
normal required by the motor and the surplus power absorbed by a variable
resistance which may be adjusted or cut out of the circuit to correspond with the
variations or increase of the power demanded by the motor.
In Figure is diagrammatically illustrated one arrangement by which the fly
wheel of an engine may be made to serve as the core of a dynamo armature H
being the rim of the fly wheel and H the spokes.
The boss H of the fly wheel is preferably insulated magnetically from the
shaft I by means, of say, a gun-metal sleeve H³.
Figure 4 further illustrated one construction of field magnet made hollow and
packed with iron filings. The two limbs are shown at K and K' each limb being
made in two pieces the joints being indicated at K³. The two portions may be
screwed or bolted together in any convenient manner such for example as that
indicated at K². The interior of each limb as well as the interior of the cylindrical
yoke L is packed with iron filings J. This yoke L may conveniently be provided
with shoulders L' against which the limb K K¹ abut, nuts L² being provided to
retain them in position.
If desired the rim of the fly wheel shown in Figure 4 may be built up of tubular
sections which are packed with iron filings. Such a construction of armature core
allows of very ready magnetisation and demagnetisation such as is experienced by
a core rotating between the poles of a magnet. The construction of field magnet<

page_text: besides lightening the machine also increases its efficiency owing to the increased
conductivity of the magnetic circuit as compared with one of solid material.
With reference to Figure 5 M represents the exhaust box or silencer into which
the exhaust pipe O enters. The exhaust gases leaving the box M by the outlet
pipe 01. Both these pipes 0 and.0 are preferably perforated at the sides as
indicated at 03 in the usual manner.
Into the exhaust box M, at which point the exhaust gases are in a comparatively
quiet state, protrudes a jet or burner P at which a flame of naphtha or any other
convenient fuel is burned thus completing the consumption of those gases in the
exhaust box which have escaped from the cylinder unburned.
The side pipes P¹ are preferably perforated through which a supply of atmos-
pheric or other oxygen may be given if necessary to the burner to ensure complete.
combustion of the gases in question.
The consumption of the gases in the above described manner may be effected at
any point where the gases are comparatively quiet or if desired they may be led
into any convenient receptacle other than the exhaust box or silencer such a
receptacle being if necessary provided for the purpose.
But instead of a flame a red hot tube or other hot body may be employed any
suitable means being used to maintain the body at the desired temperature.
With reference to Figure 7 an explosion engine T is shown from the shaft T
of which a Wimshurst machine or other rotary electrical machine is driven by
means of belts R R¹. One pole of the machine is connected to the frame of the
engine the other pole being connected to an insulated discharge ball V. The
discharge from the machine passes from the ball V to the ball V₁, the latter being
in metallic contact with the frame of the machine. The electrical circuits are
indicated in chain lines.
The distance between the discharge balls is preferably regulatable, the ball F
being in the example illustrated mounted for the purpose on an adjusting stem
passing through the wall of the cylinder from which it is insulated by an insulating
material W.
Various modifications may obviously be made in the details of construction of
the apparatus illustrated in the accompanying drawings without departure from
the spirit of this invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
-
1. In a motor road vehicle the combination of an explosion engine an electric
generator an electric motor and a storage battery with or without an adjustable
resistance for the purpose of enabling the explosion engine to be run at constant
load.
2. In a motor road vehicle the combination of an explosion engine an electric
generator an electric motor and a variable resistance for the purpose of enabling
the explosion engine to be run at constant load.
3. In a motor road vehicle an engine fly wheel forming a portion of a dynamo
armature or a field magnet substantially as and for the purpose described or illus-
trated in Figure 4 of the accompanying drawings.
4. The combination with a motor road vehicle of a dynamo or motor having the
field magnets or armature core or both hollow and packed with iron filing sub-
stantially as and for the purpose or purposes described or illustrated in Figure 4
of the accompanying drawings.
5. In a motor road vehicle consuming the unburnt exhaust gases from an ex-
plosion engine a flame or a heated body substantially as described.
'
6. In a motor road vehicle the combination with a silencer or other receptacle
for the exhaust gases from an explosion engine of a flame or heated body sub-
stantially as and for the purpose described or illustrated in Figure 5 of the
accompanying drawings.

page_text: 7. In a motor road vehicle an electric generator of the kind described arranged
and operating to fire the charge of an explosion engine substantially as described
and illustrated in Figure 6 of the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 22nd day of September 1898.
BOULT & WADE,
Agents for the Applicant.