Improvements in the Means and Method of Preparing Vegetable and Animal Fibres, Fabrics, or Piece Goods for the Reception of Aniline Black.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 5th Aug., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 2nd May, 1894-Accepted, 2nd June, 1894
.
Improvements in the Means and Method of Preparing Vegetable
and Animal Fibres, Fabrics, or Piece Goods for the Reception
of Aniline Black.
We JOHN CLAPHAM of 19 St. Pauls Road Manningham Bradford, in the
County of York, Stuff Merchant, JULES PICARD of 45 Rue D'Aboukir, Paris,
Hat Manufacturer, CYPRIEN VILLEDIEU of 4 Rue Charlet, Paris, Chemist, and
WALTER WILLIAM LANCASTER LISHMAN of 36 Washington Street Girlington;
Bradford in the County of York Pattern Dyer, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to the preparation of vegetable and animal fibres, fabrics,
or piece goods, by means of processes, operations and ingredients hereinafter set
forth.
To effect the preparation of the fibres, fabrics or piece goods whether vegetable
or animal upon which it is intended to produce an aniline black, we proceed in the
following manner to prepare for the reception of same.
We treat the fibres, fabrics, or piece goods for one, two or more minutes in a
bath which we will call Bath 1 containing water at say 15° to 25° centigrade
temperature and a quantity of sulphonated or soluble oil as "olein oil" or an
emulsion of oil or oils, with or without a little acid, or the said bath may contain
water and glycerine along with a little soap, or without the soap, making say an
1 to 5% strength solution.
The fibre, fabric or piece goods is then squeezed or wrung out by the usual
methods, and washed off in water, which it is preferable to have slightly acidulated
especially if the bath containing the sulphonated oil has been employed in the
making up of Bath 1.
After being squeezed or wrung out, the fibre or material is then passed for one
two or more minutes through.
Bath 2 containing water, acid and a quantity of a salt of the manganates,
permanganates, or other manganese salts of the alkalis or other metals or alkaline
earths or oxides of manganese, such as permanganate of potash or soda, preferably
permanganate of potash in quantity sufficient for the amount of fibre or material to
be treated, with or without a quantity of an alkaline chloride, sulphate, nitrate,
acetate or analogous salts, or a salt or salts of any of the metals.
It is then squeezed or wrung out and passed through.
Bath 3. Water containing a little acid to acidulate, then squeezed and wrung
out and through.
Bath 4. Water to wash off.
The fibres, fabrics, or piece goods are now ready for the reception of the aniline
black.
We may say that this process may be used alone for the preparation of the
fibres, or in conjunction with what are known as the padding processes today.
If with the padding processes either before or after the padding bath has been
used preferably after.
Dated this 4th day of August 1893.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Means and Method of Preparing Vegetable
and Animal Fibres, Fabrics, or Piece Goods for the Reception
of Aniline Black.
We JOHN CLAPHAM of 19 St. Pauls Road, Manningham,, Bradford in the
County of York Stuff Merchant, JULES PICARD, of 45 Rue. D'Aboukir, Paris,
Hat Manufacturer, CYPRIEN VILLEDIEU of 4 Rue Charlet, Paris, Chemist, and
WALTER WILLIam Lancaster Lishman of 36 Washington Street, Girlington,
Bradford, aforesaid, Pattern Dyer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention 5
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to the preparation of vegetable, and animal fibres, fabrics,
or piece goods by means of processes, operations, and ingredients hereinafter set
forth..
To effect the preparation of the fibres, fabrics, or piece goods whether animal or
vegetable, upon which it is intended to produce an aniline black, or what are known
as, ordinary black; logwood black; or blacks, or colors which are developed or
produced by oxidation as indigo blues, or colors for which manganese will act as a
mordant, or carrier, we proceed in the following manner, to prepare for the
reception of same.
We treat the fibres, fabrics, or piece goods for one, two, or more minutes in a
bath which we will call :-
Bath 1. Containing water at say 15° to 25° centigrade temperature, and a
quantity of sulphonated, or soluble oil, as olein oil, or an emulsion of oil, or oils
with or without a little acid, or the bath may contain water and glycerine along
with a little soap, or without the soap, or soap alone, making say % to 5%
strength solution, or the said bath may contain water, and a quantity of soap, or
glucose, or glucose and soap combined from 1% to 5% strength, or the bath may
contain water, and a mixture of any two or more of the aforesaid ingredients which
are capable of combining with each other and water.
The soluble oils are preferable for cotton, and vegetable fibres, and the glycerine,
soap, or glucose, for wools, hairs, and animal fibres.
The fibres, fabrics, or piece goods are then squeezed, or wrung out by the usual
methods, and then passed into a bath which we will call-
Bath la. Containing water, which it is preferable, (especially when olein oil
has been used) to have slightly acidulated with acid, to wash off.
The fibres, fabrics, or piece goods are then squeezed or wrung out, and then
passed (for one, two, or more minutes, or until the material has assumed a brown
color) through bath which we will call-
Bath 2. Containing water, acid, and a quantity of a salt of the manganates,
permanganates, or other manganese salts of the alkalis, or other metals or alkaline
earths, or oxides of manganese, such as permanganate of potash, in quantity
sufficient for the amount of fabric, or material to be treated (a suitable strength
is % to 3%) with, or without the addition of a quantity, equal to about one half
the weight of the permanganate taken, of an alkaline, chloride, sulphate, nitrate
acetate, or analogous salt, or a salt of any of the metals as sodium chloride (common
salt) sodium sulphate (Glaubers salt) magnesium sulphate (Epsom salt). It is then
squeezed or wrung out and passed through bath which we will call.
•
Bath 3. Containing water, and a little acid to acidulate, then squeezed, or
wrung out, and passed through bath which we will call-
Bath 4. (Bath 3 is optional) Containing water to wash off.
The fibres, fabrics, or piece goods are now ready for the reception of the aniline
black, or other black, or coloring matter, or dyes.

page_text: This process may be used alone, (especially in the case of aniline blacks, and
indigoes) for the preparation of the fibres, or in conjunction with what are known
as the "padding" processes.
If with the "padding" process, either before or after the "padding" bath has
been used, but preferably after.
In the case of logwood blacks on vegetable yarns the permanganate bath, or
Bath 2. may be used in several positions in the usual process of dyeing black,
.e. before the tanning mordant, or after it, or after the ironing, or saddening,
taking the place of the liming before the logwood is applied, and this position is
preferable.
By treating with the before mentioned ingredients we impart a greater affinity
to all fibres for taking up, and oxidation of salts of aniline dyes, and other coloring
matters.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature, and object of the
said invention, and in what manner the same is to be employed we declare that
what we claim is :-
1. For preparing animal, and vegetable fibres, fabrics, or piece goods for the
reception, or production of dyes, the use of the Baths 1. la. and 2 substantially as
herein set forth.
2. For preparing animal and vegetable fibres, fabrics, or piece goods for the
reception or production of dyes, the use of the Baths 1 and 2 substantially as
herein described.
"
3. For preparing animal, and vegetable fibres, fabrics, or piece goods for the
reception, or production of dyes, the use of the Baths 1. 2. and 3 substantially as
herein described.
4. For preparing animal, and vegetable fibres, fabrics, or piece goods for the
reception, or production of dyes, the use of the Baths 1. 2. and 4 substantially as
herein described.
5. For preparing animal, and vegetable fibres, fabrics, or piece goods for the
reception, or production of dyes, the use of the Baths 1. 2. 3. 4 substantially as
herein set forth.
6. For preparing animal, and vegetable fibres, fabrics, or piece goods for the
reception, or production of dyes, the use of the Baths 1. 1a. 2 and 3 substantially
as herein set forth.
7. For preparing animal, and vegetable fibres, fabrics, or piece goods for the
reception, or production of dyes, the use of the Baths 1. 1a. 2. 3 and 4 substantially
as herein set forth.
8. The use of the permanganate bath as herein described for special use in
logwood black dyeing.
DL:
1904