IMPROVE- MENTS IN LAMPS AND BURNERS, AND IN THE APPARATA TO BE USED THEREWITH
Year: 1852

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Matthew Samuel Kendrick, of Birmingham,
in the County of Warwick, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LAMPS AND BURNERS, AND IN THE APPARATA TO BE USED
THEREWITH."
Sealed the 28th May 1858, and dated the 29th November 1852.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Matthew Samuel
Kendrick at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
his Petition, on the 29th November 1852.
I, MATTHEW SAMUEL KENDRICK, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS AND BURNERS, AND IN THE
APPARATA TO BE USED THEREWITH," to be as follows, that is to say:-
My improvements relate, firstly, to the mode of raising and lowering
the cotton in solar lamps by means of a cord or chain connected with
the "cotton carrier" at one end, and with a small pulley at the other
end, which pulley being put in motion by a handle working from the
outside to the interior of the lamp head will cause the cotton to raise.

page_text: It is lowered by a helical spring fastened to the bottom of the "lamp
head" and to the "cotton carrier," pulling the cord down when the
handle is turned in the reverse direction.
Secondly, to the mode of raising and lowering the cotton in French
and other lamp burners by means of an endless chain or band working
over two suitable pullies, one being placed at the top of the "burner
case," and the other nearly at the bottom; a small projection is formed
on the chair or band, which projection is attached to the "cotton
carrier," so that when the endless chain or band is put in motion the
cotton will be raised or lowered as desired, which motion is obtained
by means of a pinion placed on the axis of the upper pulley, and
is put in motion by an outer tube and pinion attached to the glass
holder.
Thirdly, to another mode of raising and lowering the cotton in lamps,
which I effect by means of a double tube having teeth cut on the bottom
ends, ono part extending below the other; a pinion is fixed inside the
"burner case," and another secured to the handle on the outside of the
"burner case," which being turned round by the handle, the teeth of
the double tube taking in to both pinions will raise or lower the cotton
by means of a rack attached to the cotton "carrier."
Fourthly, to "pressure lamps," and consists in the application thereto
of a regulating spring, which exerts its power, in proportion to the
height of the column of oil, to the mode of preventing the overwinding
of such lamps, and to the application to such lamps of an outer tube
and stop-cock for supplying oil to the burner.
Fifthly, to gimbal ship lamps, which consists in applying a lamp
similar to what is usually employed for railway roof lamps, that is, where
the oil is above the light.
And, lastly, to the mode of applying reflectors to candle and other
lamps, which consists in so attaching a reflector to a stem jointed to the
lamp or candlestick, so as to throw the reficcted light in any required
direction.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Matthew Samuel Kendrick in the Great Seal
Patent Office, on the 28th May 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
MATHEW SAMUEL KENDRICK, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Gracious Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing late the Twenty-ninth day of November, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-two,
in the sixteenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said Mathew Samuel Kendrick,
Her special license that I, the said Mathew Samuel Kendrick, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as. I, the said
Mathew Samuel Kendrick, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agrec with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should' and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS AND BURNERS, AND
IN APPARATUS TO BE USED THEREIN," upon the condition, amongst others,
that I, the said Mathew Samuel Kendrick, by an instrument in
writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Mathew Samuel Kendrick, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement (that is to say):
My Invention consists,―
Firstly, in the mode of raising the wicks in solar lamps by means of
a cord or chain connected with the wick holder, which is lowered by
means of a spiral spring, as shown in the accompanying Drawings in

page_text: Figure No. 1, where the spiral spring is shewn at A, in the position it
would be when at rest. One end of the spring is fastened to the wick
holder b, b, and the other to the bottom of the reservoir for oil C, C, and
the spring coils round the air pipe D. F, is a hollow tube, the upper
part of which is raised above the level of the top of the reservoir of oil,
and having a small pulley I, in the interior, and near the top; this tube
is fastened or soldered to the top of the oil reservoir C, C, at II, and the
bottom or lower end of the tube is stopped or plugged by any suitable
means, so as to prevent the admission of oil; another tube G, commu-
nicates with the tube l', and is fixed or fastened to it at one end, and at
its other end to the side of the oil reservoir C, C, so that the two tubes
G, and I, form together one bent tube. A spindle L, having at onc
end a handle M, and at or near the other end a small drum wheel K,
passes through the tube G, and a chain or metallic cord is fastened at
one end to the drum wheel K, and passing up the tube F, and over the
pulley I, is fastened at its other end or ends to the wick holder b, b; by
turning the handle M, the chain or cord becomes wound round the drum
wheel K, and thereby the wick holder is raised.
My Invention consists,-
Secondly, in a method of lowering or raising the wicks in French and
other lamps or burners by means of the apparatus herein-after described.
Figure 2, shews a section of a lamp having my apparatus. A, A, A,
is the reservoir for the oil; B, is the air tube; c, c, is the wick holder,
with a rack work attached to it, which is shewn separately at Figure 3;
d, d, is a tube, which is shown separately at Figure 4, having a small
double pinion attached, as shewn in the Drawing at c, Figure 2, and
Figure 4, and which is allowed to revolve easily on its axis, and
small projecting wires f, f. 9, 9; 9, g, is a double tube, which is shown
separately at Figure 5, the inside tube of which has teeth or cogs, and
the outside of which has a rim projecting horizontally, and also fur-
nished with cogs or teeth pointing upwards. E, E, is a circular chamber
parallel to the air tube B, and communicating with the outside of the
oil reservoir A. A, by means of the tube H. I, is a spindle, having at
one end a handle J, and at the other the pinion K. The wick holder
c, c, shewn separately at Figure 3, is first placed over the air tube B;

page_text: the tube d, shewn separately at Figure 4, is then placed over both the air
tube and the wick holder, and is kept in its place by the projecting wires
ff, which fit into the lower part a, a, of the oil reservoir. The double
tube
9. 9, shewn separately at Figure 5, is then placed so that the inside
tube embraces the tube d, and the outside tube with the projecting rim
descends into the chamber E, E, below the level of the tube H. The
spindle I, with its pinion K, and handle J, is then inserted in the tube
HT, so that the pinion may work in the teeth or cogs of the projecting
rim of the double tube 9, 9, Figure 5; by turning the spindle I, the
double tube . g, is caused to revolve, and the teeth of the interior tube
work upon
the double pinion c, Figure 4, and Figure 2, and cause it to
revolve, and by so doing to raise or depress the wick holder c, c, by means
of the rack work attached.
Thirdly, in another method of raising the wicks of lamps by the means
herein-after described.
In Figure 6, A, is the burner; B, the air tube; on the interior of the
outer case of the burner are fastened two small pullies, which are shewn
in front view at Figure 9, and inside view in Drawing No. 6. The
upper pulley is furnished with a toothed wheel or pinion; an endless
chain or band passes round these pullies, which endless chain or band
is fastened to the wick holder c, c, Figure 6. A glass holder is shewn
separately at Figure 8, having a spindle H, with a pinion at one end
and a handle at the other, which passes through one of the supports of
the upper part of this glass holder; the lower ring 1, Figure 8, of the
glass holder fits close to the outside of the burner, and in this ring is a
small slot to fit on to a suitable projection on the outside of the burner.
Figure 7, is the section of a tube, having teeth at its lower extre-
mity, and pins or teeth projecting inwards horizontally, near its upper
extremity, and also pins, somewhat shorter, placed rather lower down,
and also projecting inwards, for the purpose of keeping in its position
when on the burner. The glass holder is first placed over the burner,
and then the tube shewn in Figure 7, is also placed over the burner, so
that the teeth at its lower extremity may work in the pinion of the
spindle H, of the glass holder, and is kept in its position by means
of the shorter and lower teeth or pins embracing the burner, and that

page_text: by turning the spindle II, the tube is made to revolve round the burner,
when the upper pins or teeth, projecting inwards, act upon the toothed
wheel attached to the upper pulley, shown at Figure 9, and also in
Figure 6, and cause the pullies to revolve on their axes, and by moving
the endless chain or band raise or depress the wick holder, and by
means of the tube Figure 7, being made larger than the burner, a
current of air is allowed to pass between it and the burner.
Figure 10, shews another method of effecting the same object, by
having a small projecting piece from the wick holder, which is tapped
with a suitable screw, and instead of employing the pullies and endless
chain, as lastly described, a screw, furnished at its upper extremity
with a pinion, passes through the female screw, tapped in the pro-
jecting piece attached to the wick holder, and is made to revolve by
the same means as those adopted for causing the pullies to revolve.
Fourthly, in improvements whereby lamps are adapted to stand con-
siderable drafts of air without sensibly affecting the steadiness of the
light, even when applied by mechanical means.
Figure 11, represents a lamp burner so adapted. A, is the burner;
B, the air tube; C, another tube around tube A, ascending to near
the top, and descending below the burner, and terminating at a circular
aperture D, which may be protected by a perforated plate, supported
on two or more uprights, in order to allow the surplus oil to escape into
the oil cup; another tube E, surrounds tube C, and descends below it;
this tube E, is perforated at its upper part; tubes C, and E, are
joined together at F, and there form a seat for the glass chinney. G,
is a tube passing horizontally through tubes C, and F, and made sound
to both. H, is a spindle, having a pinion at one end, and a handle at
the other end. K, K, are two tubes to supply the oil to the burner,
and are made sound at their junction. I, is an oil cup made to screw
on and off tube E. M, M, are two perforated dises inserted between
the tubes C, and E. and placed below the perforations in the tube E.
I use either of the herein-before described modes of raising or lowering
the wicks, but do not confine myself to the same, so long as I employ
a tube having teeth cut on its lower end, put in motion by means of a
pinion or handle, as before described. The air entering through the

page_text: perforations in tube E, and afterwards passing through the perforated
discs M, M, and then descending and entering through the perforations
at D, in order to supply the external and internal air to the flame, the
sudden draught will be checked, and the air gradually supply the
flame.
Fifthly, my Invention relates to gimble, ship, and other lamps, as
shewn in Figure 12. A, is a glass disc. B, the reservoir for the oil.
C, is a tube depending from the reservoir B, through which the oil is
supplied to it. D, is a swivel joint and stopper, to make the lamp
sound after it is filled. E, is a glass holder, supported on two or more
uprights. F, is a spindle, carrying a pinion at one end, and working
in suitable bearings at both ends. G, is a spindle placed on the top
of reservoir B, and working in suitable bearings with a handle attached
thereto. I, is a tube which passes through the reservoir B, and made
sound top and bottom. J, is an endless chain, metallic cord, or other
suitable material, which passes over the spindles G, and F. K, is a
tube having teeth on its lower end, which work into the pinion
attached to the spindle F; when the interior of the burner is fitted
with above described arrangement, by turning the handle of the spindle
G, at the top of the reservoir B, the wick will be raised, or lowered as
required. When this lamp is required to be filled with oil it will be
necessary to invert it.
Sixthly, my Invention relates to pressure or overflow lamps, as
shewn in Figure 18. A, is a cylinder to contain the oil. B, is a
tube placed on the outside of and extending to near the bottom of
the cylinder A, and there communicating with the interior of the
same.. C, is the burner placed on uprights on the oil cup D, which
is made sound to cylinder A. E, is an additional tube surrounding
the burner C. F, is a spindle, having a barrel G, on its axis, and
supported in proper bearings below the burner C. I, is the handle
which works the wick. J, is a piston surrounded with a flexible
material. K, is a valve in the centre of the piston J. L. is a box
containing at one end a graduated steel spring, and having a pro-
jecting barrel 1, 1, and working round the spindle M, to which
spindle one end of the graduated spring is attached, the other end

page_text: of the graduated. spring being secured to the box 7; the spindle M,
is fixed at or near the lower part of the cylinder A. N, is a gut
chain or other suitable material secured at one end to the projecting
barrel 7, 7, and at the other end to the lower part of the piston J. O,
is a flat band of suitable material, secured at one end to the top part
of piston J, aiid at the other end to the barrel G. The upper part of
the supply pipe B, is inade sound into the external tube E. At the
lower part of Figure 14, is the section of the spindle F, shewing a
projection fastened to it, which fits into the toothed wheel R, which is
fastened against the upright or support of the burner, and allowed to
rotate casily; but to the wheel R, a stop is attached so as to prevent
'it turning quite round on its axis, and. thereby, owing to the projection
on the spindle F, when the spindle has been. turned the requisite
number of times, the wheel R, arrives at the limit of its rotation, and
prevents the further turning of the spindle, and avoids the risk of
overwinding, and of breaking the band. O. In some instances I
employ a cock between the burner and the tube B, and tlirough which
the oil passes before entering the burner, in order to regulate" the
supply, and assist in cleansing the lamp when required. After the
lamp is filled at the oil cup with oil, by turning- the handle of the
spindle F, the piston will be drawn up, and at the same time wind up
the spring in box K; the valve in piston J, falls from its bearing,
and permits the oil above to pass below; on releasing the handle the
oil is forced up the tube B, and thence into the outer tube E, and
thenice into the burner C, at top, by which means the spurting of thie
oil over the chimney glass is prevented.
Seventhly, my Invention relates to a mode of so constructing the
joints of hinges attached to reflectors applicable to candle or other
lamps that the light may be thrown in any required direction, without
"departing from the focal action as shewn in Figure 15. A, is a ring
suited to the size of the upper part of the lamp. B, is a joint or hinge
one half attached to ring A, and the other half to a square stem C.
The reflector is secured to a small slide fitting the stem C, and capable
of sliding to and fro. E, is a small set-screw to hold the slide at-nny
⚫ required position.
..

page_text: Having now described the nature of my Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I hereby declare that I claim as
my Invention,
Firstly, the machinery and apparatus for raising and lowering the
wicks of lamps constructed as above described.
Secondly, lamps or burners made so as to prevent the flames being
acted upon by sudden or great draughts of air, and constructed as above
described.
Thirdly, lamps or burners admitting a current of air between an
outer tube and the burner, constructed as above described.
Fourthly, pressure or overflow lamps with graduated steel springs,
having the burners surrounded with tubes, through which the oil is
supplied to the burners at the top, and having the apparatus herein
described for proventing overwinding, and constructed as above de-
scribed.
Fifthly, lamps in which the reservoirs for oil are above the burner,
and in which the apparatus for raising and lowering the wicks are
constructed as above described.
Sixthly, jointed hinges or holders for reflectors, constructed as above
described.
In witness whereof, 1, the said Mathew Samuel Kendrick, have
hereunto set my hand and scal, this Twenty-eigth day of May,
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.
MATTHEW SAMUEL KENDRICK. (L.s.)