METHOD OF PREPARATION
Year: 1861

page_text: 3rdly, to the use of such chemical agents and such mechanical apparatus as
will entirely remove all resinous, ligneous, or other matters from such vegetable
fibres, & so as to cleanse, bleach, and prepare them to take perfectly dyes of
all colors, and with any admixtures of wools, silks, cotton, or other materials.
METHOD OF PREPARATION.
The vegetable fibres, such as before named and others, are prepared, after
having undergone the usual preliminary processes of retting, scutching,
hackling, & others, by being put into a bath of water, which must be heated
to boiling point for about an hour, after which they are removed to cool, &
then washed out. The fibres are afterwards, boiled in ordinary boiling
apparatus; or, according to my Invention, in cylindrical boilers revolving on
their axes, or in vacuum pans heated by steam up to 35 to 40 degrees
Reaumur (110 to 120 Fahrenheit); to the water I add for every hundred-
weight of vegetable fibre from four to seven pounds of salts of soda, or other
analogous chemicals, so as to produce a lye of the strength of about 2 to 4
degrees of Beaumé's lye meter. The vegetable fibres must be well stirred
and moved, and kept at the boiling point for half an hour, then taken out to
let the water run off & cool, after which they must, be well & thoroughly
washed, so as to remove entirely all the dissolved, resinous, & other matters;
after the last washing they must be put into a lukewarm soap bath, prepared
of so much best white soap so as to feel somewhat greasy to the touch, and
the fibres must remain in it for about twenty to thirty minutes, then be well
washed, rinsed, and dried by hydro-extractors, or any other mechanical drying
means; and may be fully dried in the open air, or by artificial heat. If the
vegetable fibres are to be prepared for light colors, they must then be sub
mitted to a bleaching bath, prepared in the proportion of three pounds of
chloride of lime to about 150 pounds of fibre, the chloride of lime being
previously dissolved in warm water, so as to facilitate the production of
chlorine; it may be sometimes found useful to add four ounces of sulphuric
acid, the strength of this bath to be about 3 degrees Beaumé. In about 60
to 90 minutes the vegetable fibres will have bleached sufficiently, but if not,
two more ounces of sulphuric acid may-be-added; -great-care-must, however,
be taken in this operation to constantly watch the vegetable fibres, so as to
preserve them from being weakened or destroyed. As soon as taken out they
must be well washed repeatedly; so as to render them quite sweet, and in the
last water an ounce of muriatic acid is to be mixed, & when passed through
this it must be well washed out again, after which the fibres must be put into
the soap bath, as mentioned above, & therein treated in the same way as
described above, and finally dried as aforesaid.

page_text: MIXING THE VEGETABLE FIBRES.
In order to mix them properly, they must before the washing process. be
cut into the same lengths as the fibres of the wool, silk, cotton, or other fibres
with which it is to be. mixed; & can then be operated on by the usual
machinery employed for the production of slivers for spinning and weaving,
& for the production of other fabrics.
L
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Charles. Samuel. Henry Hartog in the Great. Seal, Patent
Office on the 3rd June 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I; CHARLES
SAMUEL HENRY HARTOG, of Norfolk Street, Strand, in the County of Middle-
sex, Merchant, send greeting.
-7
"WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters.
Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fourth-year of Her
reign, did, for Herself,. Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Charles Samuel Henry Hartog, Her special licence. that I, the. said
Charles Samuel Henry Hartog,. my executors, administrators,, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Charles Samuel Henry Hartog, my exécutors,
administrators,. and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter. during the term therein ex-
pressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel. Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION AND TREATMENT
OF VEGETABLE FIBRES, THE BETTER TO ADAPT. THEM FOR COMBINING, WORKING UP,
AND DYEING WITH DIFFERENT FIBRES, SUCH AS SILK, WOOL, COTTON, AND OTHERS,.
AND IN APPARATUS USED IN SUCH TREATMENT OR PREPARATION," upon the con-
dition (amongst others) that I, the said Charles Samuel Henry Hartog, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under, my, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe, and ascertain the,
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within.
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters.
Patent..
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Samuel, Henry Hartog, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
j

page_text: be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement (that is to say) :-
These improvements consist, first, in producing and preparing vegetable
fibres of a silky and woolly nature suitable for admixing, spinning, and working
up with animal wool and hair, shoddy and mungo wools, silk, cotton, or other
different fibres, which I obtain from the plants commonly, known as rhoea,
ranee, bon sunn, jute, Indian flax, and hemp aloes, plantain, pine apple, Indian
and other nettles, leaves of grasses and trees, and other vegetable products.**
Secondly, in the employment of these products in spinning and manu-
facturing all kinds of yarns and woven fabrics, or any other applications .in
which animal wool, hair, shoddy, and mungo wools, silk or cotton, are em-
ployed, either by using it alone or in any other combinations.".
}
Thirdly, in the use of such chemical agents and such mechanical apparatus
as will entirely remove all resinous, ligneous, and other matters. from such
vegetable fibres, so as to cleanse and bleach them; and prepare. them to take
perfectly dyes of all colors, and with any admixtures of, wool, silk, cotton or
other material.
METHOD OF PREPARATION.
The vegetable fibres, such as before named, and others, are prepared, after
undergoing the preliminary processes of retting, scutching, hackling, &c., by
being put into a bath of water, which must be heated to boiling point for
about an hour, after which they are taken out to cool, and then washed out;
the fibres are afterwards boiled in ordinary boiling apparatus, or according to
my Invention in cylindrical perforated metal or wooden vessels, subdivided by
partitions, and revolving on their axes within closed pans or cisterns containing
water heated by steam, provided & regulated with suitable inflow and outflow
pipes and cocks to from 35° to 40 degrees Reaumur (110 to 120 degrees
Fahrenheit); to the water I add for every hundredweight of fibre from four to
seven pounds of salts of soda or other analogous chemicals, so as to produce a
lye of the strength of about 2 to 4 degrees Beaumé's lye meter. The vegetable
fibres must be well stirred and moved, and be kept at the boiling point for
half an hour, and are then taken out-to-let-the-water_run_off and cool, after
which they must be well and thoroughly washed, so as to remove entirely all
the dissolved resinous or other matters; after the last washing they must be
put into a lukewarm soap bath, prepared of so much best white soap, as to
feel somewhat greasy to the touch, and the fibres must remain in it for about
twenty or thirty minutes; they are then well washed, rinsed, and may be dried
by hydro-extractors or any other mechanical drying means; or they may be
fully dried in the open air or by artificial heat..

page_text: If the vegetable fibres are to be prepared for light colors, they must then
be submitted to a bleaching bath, prepared in the proportion of three pounds
of chloride of lime to about 150 pounds of fibres, the chloride of lime previously.
having been dissolved in warm water, so as to facilitate the production of
chloride; it may sometimes be found useful to add four ounces of sulphuric
acid; the strength of this bath to be about three degrees of Beaumé. In about
sixty to ninety minutes the vegetable fibres will have bleached sufficiently, but
if not, two more ounces of sulphuric acid may be added; great care must,
however, be taken in this operation to constantly watch the vegetable fibre, so
as to preserve them from being weakened or destroyed; as soon as taken out
they must be well washed repeatedly, so as to render them quite sweet, and in
the last water an ounce of muriatic acid is to be mixed, and when passed
through this it must be-well-washed out again, after which the fibres.must be
put into the soap bath, as mentioned above, and treated therein the same way
as described above, and finally dried as aforesaid.
MIXING THE VEGETABLE FIBRES WITH WOOL, HAIR, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES.
In order to mix them properly, they must, before or after the washing
process, be cut into the same lengths as the fibres of the wool, silk, cotton, or
other fibres, with which they are to be mixed, and then be operated on by the
usual and appropriate machinery employed for the production of slivers for
spinning and weaving or for the production of any other fabrics.
By proceeding as above described, the fibres will be prepared :D:D:D:D:D:D:D:D:D:DCRCRCRC:
short time, which no other process heretofore has admitted of, and from which
results great preservation of the fibres besides saving time and expense, whilst
by, all other modes they are more or less injured, weakened, or destroyed.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Samuel Henry Hartog, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Third day of June, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
Witness,
W. CLARK, Patent Agent,
53, Chancery Lane, London.
C. S. H. HARTOG. (L.B.).

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Samuel Henry Hartog, of Norfolk Street,
Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Merchant, for the Invention of
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION & TREATMENT OF VEGETABLE FIBRES
THE BETTER TO ADAPT THEM FOR COMBINING. WORKING UP, & DYEING WITH
DIFFERENT FIBRES, SUCH AS SILK, WOOL, COTTON, & OTHERS, & IN APPARATUS
USED IN SUCH TREATMENT OR PREPARATION."
Sealed the 21st January 1862, and dated the 4th December 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Samuel Henry
Hartog at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 4th December 1861.
I, CHARLES SAMUEL HENRY HARTOG, of Norfolk Street, Strand, in the
County of Middlesex, Merchant, do hereby.declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION & TREATMENT OF VEGETABLE
FIBRES, THE BETTER TO ADAPT THEM FOR COMBINING, WORKING UP. & 'DYEING
WITH DIFFERENT FIBRES, SUCH AS SILK, WOOL, COTTON, & OTHERS, & IN APPARATUS
USED IN SUCH TREATMENT OR PREPARATION," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates; 1st, to preparing vegetable fibres of a silky & woolly
nature suitable for mixing, spinning, & working up with aniinal wool & Chair,
shoddy, and mungo wools, silk, cotton, 'or other different fibres. The fibres
which I treat are from the plants commonly known as China grass, rheea,
sunn, jute, Indian flax, 'and hemp, aloes, plantain, pine apple, Indian, and
other nettles, leaves of grasses & trees, and other vegetable products.
2ndly, to the employment of this product in spinning and manufacturing all
kinds of yarns;& all kinds of woven fabrics, or any other applications in which
animal wool, hair, shoddy; & mungo wools, silk, or cotton'are employed;or by
using it alone or in any other combinations.

page_text: 3rdly, to the use of such chemical agents and such mechanical apparatus as
will entirely remove all resinous, ligneous, or other matters from such vegetable
fibres, & so as to cleanse, bleach, and prepare them to take perfectly dyes of
all colors, and with any admixtures of wools, silks, cotton, or other materials.
METHOD OF PREPARATION.
The vegetable fibres, such as before named and others, are prepared, after
having undergone the usual, preliminary processes of retting, scutching,
hackling, & others, by being put into a bath of water, which must be heated
to boiling point for about an hour, after which they are removed to cool, &
then washed out. The fibres are afterwards boiled in ordinary boiling
apparatus; or, according to my Invention, in cylindrical boilers revolving on
their axes, or in vacuum pans heated by steam up to 35 to 40 degrees
Reaumur (110 to 120 Fahrenheit); to the water I add for every hundred-
weight of vegetable fibre from four to seven pounds of salts of soda, or other
analogous chemicals, so as to produce a lye of the strength of about 2 to 4
degrees of Beaume's lye meter. The vegetable fibres must be well stirred
and moved, and kept at the boiling point for half an hour, then taken out to
let the water run off & cool, after which they must be well & thoroughly
washed, so as to remove entirely all the dissolved, resinous, & other matters;
after the last washing they must be put into a lukewarm soap bath, prepared
of so much best. white soap so as to feel somewhat greasy to the touch, and
the fibres must remain in it for about twenty to thirty minutes, then be well
washed,rinsed, and dried by hydro-extractors, or any other mechanicaldrying
means, and may be fully dried in the open air, or by artificial heat. If the
vegetable fibres are to be prepared for light colors, they must then be sub-
mitted to a bleaching bath, prepared in the proportion of three pounds of
chloride of lime to about 150 pounds of fibre, the chloride of lime being
previously dissolved in warm water, so as to facilitate the production of
chlorine; it may be sometimes found useful to add four ounces of sulphuric
acid the strength of this bath to be about 3 degrees Beaumé. In about 60
to 90 minutes the vegetable fibres will have bleached sufficiently, but if not,
two more ounces of sulphuric acid may be added; great care must, however,
be taken in this operation to constantly watch the vegetable fibres, so as to
preserve them from being weakened or destroyed. As soon as taken out they
must be well washed repeatedly, so as to render them quite sweet, and in the
last water an ounce of muriatic acid is to be mixed, & when passed through
this it must be well washed out again, after which the fibres must be put into
the soap bath, as mentioned above & therein treated in the same way as
described above, and finally dried as aforesaid.

page_text: MIXING THE VEGETABLE FIBREE.
In order to mix them properly, they must before the washing process be
cut into the same lengths as the fibres of the wool, silk, cotton, or other fibres
with which it is to be mixed, & can then be operated on by the usual
machinery employed for the production of slivers for spinning and weaving,
& for the production of other fabrics.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Charles Samuel Henry Hartog in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 3rd June 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
SAMUEL HENRY HARTOG, of Norfolk Street, Strand, in the County of Middle-
sex, Merchant, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fourth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Charles Samuel Henry Hartog, Her special licence that I, the said
Charles Samuel Henry Hartog, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
or such others as I, the said Charles Samuel Henry Hartog, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein ex-
pressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION AND TREATMENT
OF VEGETABLE FIBRES, THE BETTER TO ADAPT THEM FOR COMBINING, WORKING UP.
AND DYEING WITH DIFFERENT FIBRES, SUCH AS SILK, WOOL, COTTON, AND OTHERS.
AND IN APPARATUS USED IN SUCH TREATMENT OR PREPARATION," upon the con-
dition (amongst others) that I, the said Charles Samuel Henry Hartog, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next, and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent...
NOW KNOW YE, that 1, the said Charles Samuel Henry Hartog, do hereby
declare the nature of my said-Invention, and in what manner the same is to

page_text: be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement (that is to say) :-
These improvements consist, first, in producing and preparing vegetable
fibres of a silky and woolly nature suitable for admixing,spinning, and working
up with animal wool and hair, shoddy and mungo wools, silk, cotton, or other
different fibres, which I obtaiu from the plants commonly known as ileea,
ranee, bon suun, jute, Indian flax, and hemp aloes,plantain, pine apple, Indian
and other nettles, leaves of grasses and trees, and other vegetable products.
Secondly, in the employment of these products in spinning and manu-
facturing all kinds of yarns and woven fabrics, or any other applications in
which animal wool, hair, shoddy, and mungo wools, silk or cotton, are em
ployed, either by using it alone or in any other combinations.
Thirdly, in the use of such chemical agents and such mechanical apparatus
as will entirely remove all resinous, ligneous, and other matters from such
vegetable fibres, so as to cleanse and bleach them, and prepare them to take
perfectly dyes of all colours, and with any admixtures of wool, silk, 'cotton or
other material.
METHOD OF PREPARATION.
The vegetable fibres, such as before named, and others, are prepared, after
undergoing the preliminary processes of reiting, scutching, hackling; &c., by
being put into a bath of water, which must be heated to boiling point for
about an hour, after which they are taken out to cool, and then washed out;
the fibres are afterwards boiled in ordinary boiling apparatus, or according to
-my Invention in cylindrical perforated metal or wooden vessels, subdivided by
partitions, and revolving on their axes within closed paus or cisterns containing
water heated by steam;provided & regulated with suitable inflow and outflow
pipes and cocks to from 35° to 40 degrees Reaumur (110 to 120 degrees
Fahrenheit); to the water I add for every hundredweight of fibre from four to
seven pounds of salts of soda or other analogous chemicals, so as to produce a
lye of the strength of about 2 to 4 degrees Beaumé's lye meter. The vegetable
fibres must be well stirred and moved, and be kept at the_boiling-point-for
half an hour, and are-then-taken out to let the water run off and cool, after
which they must be well and thoroughly washed, so as to remove entirely all
the dissolved resinous or other matters; after the last washing they must be
put into a lukewarm soap bath, prepared of so much best white soap, as to
feel somewhat greasy to the touch, and the fibres must remain in it for about
twenty or thirty minutes; they are then well washed, rinsed, and may i bedried
by hydro-extractors or any other mechanical drying means; or they may be
fully dried in the open air or by artificial heat.

page_text: If the vegetable fibres are to be prepared for light colors, they must then
be submitted to a bleaching bath, prepared in the proportion of three pounds
of chloride of lime to about 150 pounds of fibres, the chloride of lime previously
having been dissolved in warm water, so as to facilitate the production of
chloride; it may sometimes be found useful to add four ounces of sulphuric
acid, the strength of this bath to be about three degrees of Beaumé. In about
sixty to ninety minutes the vegetable fibres will have bleached sufficiently, but
if not, two more ounces of sulphuric acid may be added; great care must,
however, be taken in this operation to constantly watch the vegetable fibre, so
as to preserve them from being weakened or destroyed; as soon as taken out
they must be well washed repeatedly, so as to render them quite sweet, and in
the last water an ounce of muriatic acid is to be mixed, and when passed
through this it must be well washed out again, after which the fibres must be
put into the
soap bath, as mentioned above, and treated therein the same way
as described above, and finally dried as aforesaid.
MIXING THE VEGETABLE FIBRES WITH WOOL, HAIR, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES.
In order to mix them properly, they must, before or after the washing
process, be cut into the same lengths as the fibres of the wool, silk, cotton, or
other fibres with which they are to be mixed, and then be operated ou by the
usual and appropriate machinery employed for the production of slivers for
spinning and weaving or for the production of any other fabrics.
By proceeding as above described, the fibres will be prepared in a very
short time, which no other process heretofore has admitted of, and from which
results great preservation of the fibres besides saving time and expense, whilst
by all other modes they are more or less injured, weakened, or destroyed.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Samuel Henry Hartog, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Third day of June, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
30 Witness,
W. CLARK, Patent Agent,
53, Chancery Lane, London.
C. S. H. HARTOG. (L.S.)