IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Christopher Nickels, of Albany Road, Cam-
berwell, Gentleman, and James Hobson, of Leicester, Mechanist,
Cal Terantia at sit
Sealed the 2nd August 1853, and dated the 6th June 1853.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Christopher Nickels
and James Hobson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 6th June 1853.
We, CHRISTOPHER NICKELS, of Albany Road, Camberwell, Gentle-
man, and JAMES HOBSON, of Leicester, Mechanist, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING" to be
as follows:
This Invention consists of causing each of the pile or surface warp
threads to be threaded through a guide in front of the reed. The pile
or surface warp is placed above the loom, or is so conducted as to leave
the space between the guides and the reed clear or open for the
dropping or putting in of a wire or thick weft in front of the reed.
The pile or surface warp is not passed through the reed, but moves into

page_text: and from the other warps to make the sheds for the weft or wires.
The batten is actuated by a cam in place of cranks, which, however, is
not in itself new.
The weft for the back of the fabric is put in by one
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Christopher Nickels and James Hobson in the
Great Seal Patent Office, on the 6th December 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we,
CHRISTOPHER NICKELS, of Albany Road, Camberwell, Gentleman, and
JAMES HOBSON, of Leicester, Machinist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Sixth day of June, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the sixteenth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto us, the said Christopher Nickels and James Hobson, Her
special licence that we, the said Christopher Nickels and James
Hobson, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
we, the said Christopher Nickels and James Hobson, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
.others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
WEAVING," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said
Christopher Nickels and James Hobson, by an instrument in writing
under our hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Christopher Nickels and James
Hobson, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described

page_text: and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, that is
to say:
This Invention consists of causing each of the pile or surface warp
threads to be threaded through a guide in front of the reed. The pile
or surface warp is placed above the loom, or is so conducted as to
leave the space between the guides and the reed clear or open for the
dropping or putting in of a wire or thick weft in front of the reed.
The pile or surface warp is not passed through the reed, but moves into
and from the other warps to make the shed for the weft or wires. The
batten is actuated by a cam in place of cranks, which, however, is not
in itself new. The weft for the back of the fabric is put in by one or
more shuttles in the ordinary manner. And in order that our Inven-
tion may be more fully understood, and readily carried into effect, we
will proceed to describe the means pursued by us.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1, shows a vertical section; Figure 2, a front view; and
Figure 3, an end view of a loom suitably arranged for weaving terry
or cut pile fabrics, and having our improvements applied thereto; and
Figure 4, shows a section of some of the parts full size. The loom in
the arrangement shewn in the Drawings works with two shuttles for
putting in two weft threads simultaneously into two sheds opened at the
same time for that purpose, but as this is similar to what is described in
the Specification of a former Patent granted to one of us, no claim is
now made thereto, and the same may be varied, the arrangement
for working the shuttles forming no part of our present improve-
ments. The batten is shewn to be actuated by a cam in place of
cranks, which is more generally used. The working of the picking
sticks, the thread stoppers, the take up and the letting off motions, also
the raising and lowering of the healds, being similar to those in common
use and well understood, we have not thought it necessary to enter
into a description thereof. a, a, are a series of guides or instruments
through which the pile or surface warp threads are passed from the
bobbins a, guided over the beam or roller a². The guides a, are
carried by a bar a³, supported by arms a', fixed on the axis a, carried

page_text: by brackets a", on the side framing, as shewn; the arms a', and guides
a, are raised and lowered by links a', connected to lever arms a³, fixed
on the axis a, supported in bearings on the side framings. a, is a
lever arm and truck on the axis a', which is acted upon by the cam a
fixed on the main shaft, which receives motion in the following manner,
so as to move the guides with the pile or surface warp into the position
shewn by dotted lines, to admit of a wire being dropped by the grooved
roller b, or by other convenient means, at proper intervals from the
holder b, between the guides a, and the reed or sley. (1) 1,) are fast
and loose pullies on the axis (2), which receive motion from a steam
engine or other power; (3) is a pinion on the axis (2), which takes
into and drives the toothed wheel (4.) fixed on the crank shaft or axis
(5), which in this arrangement gives motion to the batten by cams (6,
and 7.) The cam (6,) acts against trucks or rollers carried by levers (8,)
which are connected to the swords by links (9,) to give motion to the
sley or batten so as to beat up the work. The cam (7,) acts against the
trucks or rollers (10,) carried by the links (11.) which connect the
levers (8,) and (12,) together, and thus causes the batten to be moved
back, and remain back for a time, whilst a double pick takes place, and
another wire is allowed to fall by the partial revolution of the roller b'.
The axis (5) gives motion to the toothed wheel (13), which takes into
and drives the toothed wheel (14,) fixed on the axis (15); a toothed
wheel (16.) fixed on the axis (15.) taking into and driving the toothed
wheel (17,) fixed on the cam shaft (18); (19,) is a bevilled toothed wheel
fixed on the axis (15), which takes into and drives the bevil toothed
wheel (20,) fixed on the axis (21), upon which are fixed the cams or
tappets for giving motion to the leaves of heddles, which will be readily
understood on examining the Drawings. Motion is communicated to
the wire delivering roller b', in the following manner: the toothed
wheel (13,) on the axis (5,) takes into and drives the toothed wheel
(22,) fixed on the axis (23), upon which is fixed the pinion (24), which
takes into and drives the bevil wheel (25,) fixed on the axis (26). The
bevil toothed wheel (27,) fixed on the axis (26,) taking into and driving
the bevil toothed wheel (28,) on the axis of the grooved wire delivering
roller 6¹.

page_text: In place of introducing wires to weave terry fabrics, thick weft may
be thrown across by a guide or by a shuttle by the loom being suitably
arranged for such purpose, as is well understood. And we would state
that the wires may, when making cut pile fabrics, be cut out, or cut
their own way out, as has heretofore been the case, and as is well
understood.
Having thus described the nature of our Invention, and the manner
of performing the same, we would have it understood that we make no
claim to any of the parts separately which are shown and described,
and the same may be varied, so long as the peculiar character of our
Invention be retained. And we would state that we are aware that
guides have before been used in looms, but under a different state of
combination and for other purposes. We do not, therefore, claim
generally to apply guides to looms. But what we claim is, the applica-
tion of guides in front of the reed of a loom in such manner as to
receive the pile or surface warp threads, and actuate the same to open
sheds for the passage of the weft to form the back or body of the
fabric, and yet keep the space open in front of the reed, as shown and
described.
In witness whereof, we, the said Christopher Nickels and James
Hobson, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Sixth
day of December, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-three.
5
Witness,
J. G. TONGUE.
CHRISTOPHER NICKELS. (L.S.)
JAMES HOBSON.
(L.S.)