MENTS IN MOTIVE POWER ENGINES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Bell at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 30th November 1881.
JOHN BELL, of Wishaw, in the County of Lanark, North Britain.
MENTS IN MOTIVE POWER ENGINES."
"IMPROVE-
This Invention, which relates to improvements in motive power engines, consists
as follows:-
First. The slides or guides in which the piston rod crosshead travels is formed in
one casting, either with or without the crank shaft plummer blocks cast in one
piece therewith, and the part or parts so made are bolted down upon or cast in one
piece with the engine seat. The cylinder is attached directly to the outer end of
that portion of the casting which contains the crosshead slides or guides, and
projects out over the engine seat. To avoid the necessity for brickwork or stone
work foundation, the seat is formed of a cast iron box inverted, and with bolt holes
at the ends, sides, or corners, for fixing it down at once on any floor where it may
be required.
Secondly. In placing the cylinders of compound steam engines end wise to each
other, that is to say, in a continuous centre line, so that the pistons of both the
high and low pressure cylinders may act on one and the same crank, the pistons of
the high and low pressure cylinders being fixed on a piston rod common to both
cylinders.
This
Thirdly. In an improved arrangement of governor for controlling the supply of
steam to the cylinders of steam engines. The improved governor has a spindle
attached to the throttle valve, which on being moved inwards or outwards by the
mechanism to which it is attached opens or closes the throttle valve.
mechanism consists of a boss which is rotated from a belt or its equivalent driven
from the crank shaft. There is also a rotating picco within the cylinder, and on
the end of the spindle is a coupling head, to which are attached the ends of two

page_text: links placed at an angle to the spindle. The other or outer ends of these links are
attached to short weighted levers carried upon studs, the arrangement being such
that when the speed of the engine increases the weighted levers are thrown
outwards by centrifugal action, and thereby moving the inclined brakes correspond-
ingly so cause them to move the spindle of the throttle valve, as well as the valve
itself, by partly closing the admission port. Conversely when the speed of the
engine falls the woighted levers fall inwards, causing the throttle valve to move off
the admission port, and so increase the supply of steam.
Fourthly. In an improved arrangement of the stuffing boxes of motive power
engines. This consists in forming one or more passages leading from the cylinder
into that part of the stuffing boxes which contains the packing.
Asbestos or
metallic packing composed of slitted rings are preferred. By this arrangement
the pressure of the motive fluid used acts externally upon the packing and forces
it close to the piston rod, valve rod, or other rods moving in stufting boxes to which
it may be applied.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said John Bell in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 30th May
1882.
JOHN BELL, of Wishaw, in the County of Lanark, North Britain.
MENTS IN MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES."
"
IMPROVE-
My said Invention relates to improvements in motive power engines and consists
as follows:-
Firstly. The slides or guides in which the piston rod crosshead travels is formed
in one casting, either with or without the crank shaft plummer-blocks cast in one
piece therewith, and tho part or parts so made are bolted down upon or cast in
one piece with the engine scat. The cylinder is attached directly to the outer end
of that portion of the casting which contains the crosshead slides or guides, and
projects out over the engine sent. To avoid the necessity for brickwork or stone-
work foundation, the seat is formed of a cast-iron box inverted, and with bolt
holes at the ends, sides, or corners, for fixing it down at once on any floor whero
it may be required.
Secondly. In placing the cylinders of compound steam engines end wise to each
other, that is to say, in a continuous centre line, so that the pistons of both the
high and low pressure cylinders may act on one and the same crank, the pistons of.
the high and low pressure cylinders being fixed on a piston rod common to both
cylinders.
This
Thirdly. In an improved arrangement of governor for controlling the supply of
steam to the cylinders of steam engines. The improved governor has a spindle
attached to the throttle valve, which on being moved inwards or outwards by tho
mechanism to which it is attached opens or closes the throttle valve.
mechanism consists of a boss which is rotated by a belt or its equivalent driven
from the crank shaft. There is also a rotating piece within the cylinder, and on
the end of the spindle is a coupling head, to which are attached the ends of two
links placed at an angle to the spindle. The other or outer ends of these links are
attached to short weighted levers carried upon studs, the arrangement being such
that when the speed of the engine increases the weighted levers are thrown
outwards by centrifugal action (against controlling springs), and thereby moving
the inclined links correspondingly causes thein to move the spindle of the throttlo
valve as well as the valve itself, thus partly closing the admission port. Conversely
when the speed of the engine falls the weighted levers fall inwards, causing the
throttle valve to further open the admission port, and so increase the supply of
steam to the engine.
Fourthly. In an improved arrangement of the stuffing boxes of motive power
engines. This consists in forming one or more passages leading from the cylinder
into that part of the stuffing boxes which contains the packing. Metallic packing
composed of slitted rings are preferred. By this arrangement the pressure of the
motive fluid used acts externally upon the packing, and forces it close to the
piston rod, valve rod, or other rods moving in stuffing boxes to which it may be
applied.
And in order that my said Invention may be properly understood, I now
proceed more particularly to set forth the system, inode, or manner in or under
which the same is or may be used or practically carried into effect, reference being
had to the accompanying Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon,
that is to say:-
Figure 1 represents a horizontal section of those parts of a horizontal steam
engine constructed according to the first part of my present Invention.

page_text: Figure 2 represents a longitudinal or side view of the same, partly in elevation
and partly in longitudinal section.
Figure 3 represents a part end view of the same.
Figure 4 represents a longitudinal section of the governor constructed according
to the second part of my present Invention.
Figure 5 represents a view of same, shewing the mechanism for actuating the
valve as hereinafter more particularly referred to.
Figure 6 represents a part front elevation of a cylinder and stuffing-box fitted
with metallic packing constructed according to the third part of my present
Invention.
Figure 7 represents a view of the same, partly in longitudinal section, and
partly in side elevation.
The bed plate A of the engine has cast upon it, as shewn, the guides a, a,
between which the piston rod crosshead B travels; it also carries the crank-shaft
plummer-blocks b, b. Tho guides a, a, are cast at the inside of the portion C, of
the bed plate A, at the end of which portion, and at the inside of same is cast tho
stuffing-box c, through which passes the piston rod d carrying the piston d.
To the end, and at the outside of the part c, is secured at its one end the low-
pressure cylinder D, and at its other end this low pressure cylinder carries the
high-pressure cylinder E, which it supports by the stud attachments e, e, as shewn,
or by any other suitable or equivalent attachments. The piston rod & passes from
one end of the low pressure cylinder D through the stuffing box c and gland c¹,
and at this end is fitted to the crosshead B, all in the usual manner. At the other
end of the cylinder, the piston rod d passes through the stuffing-box f and gland
, and into the high pressure cylinder E through the stuffing-box g and gland g¹
thereof, and to its end is fitted the other piston F. The steam inlets, and exhaust
ports, and valve connections on the cylinders D and E are not shewn, as their
arrangement and construction is obvious, namely, that the steam exhausts alter-
nately from the outer end of the high pressure cylinder to the further end of the
low-pressure cylinder, and then from the other end of the high pressure cylinder to
the adjacent end of the low pressure cylinder.
The engine scat G is formed of a cast-iron inverted box, with a flanch h around
its bottom edge, by which it may be bolted or otherwise secured to the foundation,
or it may be cast sufficiently heavy, so that by its insistent weight on a level
surface it will provide the requisite degree of steadiness. The bed-plate A may
be cast independently of the engine seat G, and bolted or otherwise suitably
secured thereto, or it may be cast in one piece therewith. The lines i, i, may be
formed on the engine scat casting, to imitate the joints between ashler stone blocks,
as shewn, and it is preferred that the imitation stone surfaces be painted stone
colour.
According to the second part of my Invention I construct a governor, as shewn
at Figures 4 and 5, in which rotatory motion is imparted from the driving shaft of
the engine, or from a second motion shaft driven by the engine, to the pulley a³,
which is cast upon as shewn or otherwise suitably secured to the box b³, within
which box are pivoted on the screw-pins c³, c³, the weighted-lovers d², d². Against
the outside edges or periphery of these two levers, the springs e², e², press, these
springs being fixed to the inner side of the rim of the box 63 by the screws ff.
Into the shorter arms g², g², of the weighted levers d², d², are fitted the plugs h³, h³,
which are free to move rotatively within the holes in the levers wherein they are
fitted. To these plugs he, h², are jointed at their outer ends the links i³, i³, by the
pins, and at their inner ends to the coupling-head A³, by the pins ³, k². This
coupling-head A is secured upon the spindle B, which carries at its other end the
piston valve C² fixed thereon, or it may be any other suitable form of sliding
throttle valve.
The body Q³ of the throttle valvo casing is formed of cast iron or any other
suitable material, and has within it a cylindrical passago D³, within which the
valve C² slides in opening or closing the area of the steam passage. Into this

page_text: passage D' the steam enters (through an ordinary steam valve, not shewn on the
Drawings) through the inlet E, and through the space formed by the flanches of
the valve C, and the cylindrical passage D³, and out from the governor through
the outlet F. At one end of this body G of the throttle valve casing is secured
the plate H carrying the stuffing-box and gland I, at the other end is screwed, as
shewn, or otherwise suitably fitted, the tube M², which carries, and around which
the pulley and its attached governor are rotated, and which in the same casting
forms the stuffing-box J' (fitted with the gland K') within the loop L³. The box b
is secured upon the tube M2 by the collar N. At the end of the spindle B',
outside the box cover O' is fitted the collar or stop 12. The box cover is held in
position by the herein before mentioned screw-pins c², c², which pass through the
weighted levers d², d, and screw into the back plate of the box b³, as represented
in dotted lines at Figure 4.
In action,.when the speed of the engine is greater than that it is adjusted
for, the weighted levers d², d³, are by centrifugal action thrown outwards, thus
moving the shorter arms g³, g², nearer to the centre of the box 63, which motion
through the links, and the coupling-head A² secured to the spindle B³ is
transmitted to the valve C, thus moving the piston throttle valve C³ inwards, so
as thereby to diminish the area of the steam passages around the flanches of the
said valve C
According to the third part of my present Invention I construct the stuffing-
box A³, as shewn, with a recess BS in its flanch to admit the flanches C3, D3, of the
metallic packing, which is formed of two flanched brushes E, F, bored to fit the
piston-rod Gs, and ground into each other steam tight. Each bush is cut into
segments, preferably four in number, as represented by the lines H³, 13, in
Figure 6.
To keep the segments of the packing in their proper position, namely, that
position best adapted to prevent the motive fluid from passing through the joints
between the segments, I fit small pins N³, N³, through the flanches C³, D³,
respectively of the segmental bushes ES, F. Around the packing and between
that and the inside of the stuffing box A³ is left the chamber J³, and into this
chamber Js, from the inside of the cylinder cover K³, are drilled the holes L³, of
any convenient number. The packing is held within the stuffing-box A³ by the
flanch M bearing, when screwed up, upon the flanches of the packing. The
motive fluid passes from the cylinder through the holes Ls into the chamber J³,
and thus exerts pressure at the back of the packing, which again at its front or
inner surface bears upon the piston rod G³.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, I desire to observe in conclusion that I do not claim as new all the
features of the horizontal steam engine, shewn at Figures 1 to 3 on Sheets 1 and 2
of the annexed Drawings, but what I do claim as novel and original, and therefore
claim as secured to me by the hereinbefore in part recited Letters Patent is,
First. The construction of the engine bed-plate A in combination with tho
portion C, within which are formed the cross-head guides a, a, and stuffing-box c,
as hereinbefore described with reference to Sheets 1 and 2 of the accompanying
Drawings.
Second. The construction of a motive power engine in which the cylinder D is
directly attached to the bed-plate A, in the manner hereinbefore described with
reference to the accompanying Drawings.
Third. The construction of an engine seat G. of cast iron in the form of an
inverted box with or without the lines i, i, either cast in combination with bed-
plate A or independently thereof, as hereinbefore referred to and described with
reference to the accompanying Drawings.
Fourth. The construction of a governor with weighted levers d', d³, arms g², g²,
plugs h, h², links 2, 3, coupling head A², box 62, substantially as hereinbefore
referred to and described with reference to the accompanying Drawings.
Fifth. The construction of stuffing boxes of motive power engines with the

page_text: segmental metallic packing E³, F³, chamber Js, and passages L³, L³, for motive
fluid, as herein before described with reference to the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whoreof, I, the said John Bell, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Twenty sixth day of May, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty two.
TATTIT
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