Improvements in Apparatus for Dyeing, Bleaching, or Scouring Fibrous Materials.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 7th Feb., 1896
Complete Specification Left, 6th Nov., 1896-Accepted, 9th Jan., 1897
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Dyeing, Bleaching, or Scouring
Fibrous Materials.
I, THOMAS HALLIWELL, of Slack Lane Works, Eccles, in the County of
Lancaster, Cop Dyer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:
This invention is designed primarily for dyeing cops but may be applied to the
Scouring, dyeing or bleaching of other fibrous materials.
In constructing the machine we provide two closed chambers or vats preferably
cylindrical connected at the bottom by a pipe or pipes so that the liquor can flow
from one to the other and at the top both chambers are connected to an ejector or
other exhauster by which a vacuum or partial vacuum may be produced in the
upper part of either chamber.
On each of the vats or dye chambers is mounted an auxiliary or second chamber
extending considerably above the other. This auxiliary chamber is provided with a
central passage fitted with a number of pipes or tubes extending throughout its
length and with side passages each divided into two parts by means of a division
plate. The side passages are all connected at the top of the chamber with one
another and by a pipe with the ejector. By this means air or steam may be
exhausted from either of the vats. At the bottom of the side passages a draw
off tap
is affixed to drain off any water of condensation or liquor that may collect
therein.
Exhaust pipes connect this chamber with a slide valve of D or V or other
convenient shape. This valve is provided with three ports so that either of the
exhaust pipes may be closed or opened to the atmosphere or to the ejector. This
valve is worked to and fro by hydraulic pressure, a water supply valve being
connected to it which is opened and closed as required to admit pressure to either
side of a piston attached or connected to the valve.
In each of the vats is fitted a ball or other float attached to a lever or spindle
which projects through the side of the vat. As the liquor rises in one vat the
lever is moved out and reverses the hydraulic valve thereby moving the slide valve
and changing the exhaust from one vat to the other. By this arrangement the
working of the vats is rendered automatic for as soon as the valve is changed
and the exhaust applied to the other vat the liquor passes from one to the other
through the connecting pipe at the bottom and consequently is forced to pass
through the material under operation..
To the interior of each of the dye chambers is fitted a false bottom above the
inlet pipe provided with a central aperture and above this is placed a plate
provided with one, two, four or more openings and a valve seating. Over each of
the main openings in this plate is placed a plate or carrier on which the cops are
mounted and over the valve seating is placed a suitable valve through which the
liquor may be allowed to pass when desired. This valve is provided with a handle
or lever by which it may be operated from the outside.
The cop carriers or plates are each formed with a handle by which they may be
raised or removed from the vat and are held in position in the interior by a lever

page_text: which rests on the top of the handle and upon the edges of the plate and which is
held in position by pivoted links. This lever is counterbalanced by a weight so
that when the links are released it is raised thereby.
A lid is hinged to the top of each vat and is held in position when closed by a
screw engaging and operating two levers which are forced out under the edges of
the top plate or the lid may be fastened down by any other suitable means.
Pipes are provided for supplying the dye liquors steam and water to the interior
of the vats also a steam coil for heating the dye liquors and a draw off tap.
Dated this 5th day of February 1896.
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
6, Bank Street, Manchester, Patent Agents.
Improvements in Apparatus for Dyeing, Bleaching, or Scouring
Fibrous Materials.
I, THOMAS HALLIWELL, of Slack Lane Works, Eccles, in the County of
Lancaster, Cop Dyer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to improved apparatus for dyeing scouring or bleaching
yarn in the form or shape of cops or other fibrous material.
It will be fully described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1. Front elevation:
Fig. 2. Plan.
Fig. 3: Sectional elevation of part of the apparatus drawn to larger scale.
Fig. 4. Transverse section.
Fig. 5. Sectional plan on line x-x Fig. 3.
Fig. 6. Sectional plan on line y-y Fig. 3.
I construct my improved apparatus with two closed chambers or vats A A' to
receive the yarn cops or material to be dyed and to contain the liquor with which
yarn cops or other material is to be treated. The chambers or vats A A¹ are
preferably cylindrical in shape and are connected at the bottom by a pipe or pipes B
through which the dye or other liquor can flow from the vat or chamber A to the
other vat or chamber A¹.
On the top of each of the vats or dye chambers A. A¹ I place a second or
auxiliary chamber C C¹ extending to a considerable height above the dye
'chambers. By means of these auxiliary chambers the dye vats A A are
connected to an ejector D or to an air pump or other exhauster by which a
vacuum or partial vacuum may be produced in either of the dye chambers A A'
to fill them with dye liquor or to cause the dye liquor to flow from one to the other
through the bottom pipe B.
The upper chambers C C' act as condensers to condense and collect any steam
or moisture drawn off from the dye chambers A A'. They are each provided with
a central passage or chamber fitted with a number of tubes c extending throughout
its length through which the air and vapour are drawn off by the ejector or
exhauster D and with a number of side passages E preferably four each divided
longitudinally into two parts by a division plate e. Cold water is caused to
circulate around the pipes c entering at the inlet pipe near the bottom and
flowing out by an outlet pipe near the top for the purpose of condensing
any vapour or steam that may be drawn up into them by the exhauster or
ejector D.

page_text: The side passages E at the top at one side of the division plate e open into the
chamber which is also in communication with the pipes c and at the other side of
the division plate are joined or connected with one another with a chamber el in
which any moisture carried up through the pipes c collects and from which it can
be drawn off. At the bottom of the chamber e¹ below the side passages E is fitted
a discharge pipe fitted with a suitable valve through which any water of
condensation or liquor therein can be drawn off and returned to the vat A. This
valve works automatically when the pressure in the vat A is below that in the
chamber e. The chamber is also fitted with a gauge glass to indicate the
amount of liquor collected therein.
The side passages E and the condensing chambers C C' are connected with the
exhaust or ejector D by means of the pipes F F and the valve G working in the
valve chamber H.
The valve G is constructed with a central port g so as to be capable of placing
each of the vats A. A' through the chambers C C side passages E and pipes F Fi
alternately in connection with the exhaust or ejector D and with the external
atmosphere. The valve chamber H is provided with three ports. Two of these
ports connect and communicate with the exhaust pipes FF one at each side
and the third one h connects with the exhaust or ejector D by the pipe d. When
the valve G is at one end of the chamber H (see Figs. 4 and 5) the port fis
brought into communication with the port h and with the exhaust or ejector D
and the port f' is uncovered and is open to the atmosphere so that air can pass
through it into the pipe F and when moved to the other edge of the chamber H
the port is brought into communication with the port A and the exhaust or
ejector D and the port and pipe F is opened to the atmosphere. When the
valve G is placed in the centre of the valve chamber H both ports ƒ ƒ³ are
closed.
The valve G is worked to and fro by bydraulic pressure by means of a piston K
working in a cylinder L to which water is admitted through the ports. The
piston K is connected to the valve G by the piston rod k. The water to operate
the piston K is supplied from a main water pipe M through the water supply
valves m m'.
The valves m m' which supply the water to the cylinder L are operated or
opened alternately by floats N in the interior of the vats A A. Each float N is
connected by means of a connecting link or lever a with a spindle n' which projects
through the side of the vat and which is forced outwards when the float N rises
coming into contact with the spindle of the water supply valve m and opening the
valve. The valve m is held closed by a spring. The valves m m¹ have each
double ports and when the inlet waterway is closed the exhaust is open through
which the exhaust water from the back of the piston flows away.
Each of the vats A A¹ is fitted on top with a hinged lid or cover which is
held down in position when closed by a screw o engaging with and operating two
pivoted levers o. When the screw is lowered the ends of the levers o' are forced
out under the edges of the top and when the screw is raised the ends of the levers
are withdrawn.
In the interior of each of dye vats or chambers A A' is fitted a false bottom or
plate P above the inlet b of the pipe B through which the liquor is admitted. The
bottom or plate P is provided with a number, preferably four openings p over or
upon each of which is placed a plate or carrier R upon which on bollow skewe.
the cops of yarn T are placed. The plate P is also provided with a valve pl
which can be opened and closed from the outside of the vat by the handle p
through which liquor may be allowed to pass either up or down when
required.
The cop carriers or plates R are each formed with an upright handler by which
they can be lifted into and out of the vat. They are held in positiun in the
interior of the vat by a lever S pivoted to side which rests on the top of the
handle and depending arms therefrom rest on the edges of the plate.or

page_text: carrier R. The pivoted lever S is secured by the double or jointed links
pivoted to the top. The cop carriers Rare lifted into and out of the vats by means
of a book attached to a chain passing over a pulley and counterweighted at the
other end the pulleys being supported on a swivelling arm.
On the handler of the cop carrier R is placed a plate T which resta upon the
top of the hollow skewers or spindles in the interior of the cops T and holds
the cops in position.
The pipe B which connects the two dye chambers or vats at the bottom also
serves as a means of communication for introducing the dye liquor or for supplying
water or steam to the dye vats A A. At the back of the pipe B I attach an inlet
pipe B' through which the dye or other liquor is drawn from a cistern or other
vessel into the vats in this pipe B' is fitted with a stop valve U which is maintained
closed while the apparatus is at work and is opened to supply the dye liquor to or
discharge it from the vats A A'. On the top of the bottom pipe B fattach a
water pipe V with a valve V1 through which water can be introduced into the
vats AA to wash the cops and in front I attach a steam pipe W for introducing
steam into the vats at the bottom to steam the cops, another branch of the steam
pipe W conveys steam to the ejector or exhauster D.
A steam coil to is placed in the interior of the vats to heat them to the desired
temperature these coils are connected by the steam pipes to and the valves w' and
the waste steam escapes at the discharge pipe 10³.
The two vats A A¹ are also connected at top by means of a pipe Y with a
branch y extending to the valve chamber in communication with the ejector or
exhauster D and fitted with a three way valve y'. By means of this pipe and valve
both vats can be exhausted at the same time for the purpose of filling them with
liquor or for drawing air or steam through the cops.
In operating the apparatus the cops of yarn T'on the cop carriers R are placed
in position in the interior of the vats A A over the apertures p in the bottom P
and secured by the levers S and links a and the lid is closed. The stop valve U
on the pipe B is then opened to admit the dye liquor and the ejector or
exhauster D is set in operation the valve G being set in a central position to close
ports which lead to the vats. The three way valve y' in the pipe Y is next
opened placing the ejector or exhaustor D in communication with both vats A A
and the exhaust or vacuum therein slowly draws up the dye liquor into them until
there is sufficient. The stop valve U and the three way valve y' are now closed
and the valve G moved to one end of the valve chamber H putting the port f in
communication with the exhauster or ejector D thereby creating a vacuum in the
vat A and drawing the liquor from the vat A until it reaches the height of the
float N and raises it. The rising of the liquor and the raising of the float N in
the vat A forces or moves out the spindle n which projects through the side until
it comes into contact with the spindle of the water supply valve m and admits water
to the other side of the piston K in the hydraulic cylinder L and reverses its
position and causing the valve G to move from one end of the chamber H to the
other aud changing the exhaust from the vat A to the vat A'. By this arrange-
ment the working of the vats is rendered automatic as soon as the position of the
valve G is changed the exhaust is applied to the other vat and the liquor then
flows back through the pipe B until the operation is again reversed in a similar
.manner. This movement of the liquor from one vat to the other forces the liquor
through the cops T first in one direction and then in the reverse. The air and
vapour drawn off from the top of the vat A passes through the pipes c around
which cold water is circulating in which any steam or vapour is condensed thereby
assisting the formation of the vacuum and thence up the side passages E of the
auxiliary chamber C to the pipe F any condensed water which may be carried over
from the pipes c collecting in the chamber c¹ at the bottom. The liquor is discharged
from the vats again by opening the stop valve U. Steam is admitted into the vala
when required by the steam pipe W and water from the water main through the
valve V

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is.
1. Apparatus for dyeing bleaching or scouring cops or other textile materials
constructed with two vats or dye chambers connected with a bottom communicating
pipe, two condensing chambers placed above the vats connected with an ejector or
exhauster, a slide valve for alternately placing the vats in communication with the
exhauster and the atmosphere, an hydraulic cylinder and piston for automatically
operating the slide valve, floats placed inside the vats for opening the water supply
to the hydraulic cylinder when the vat is filled with liquor to reverse the valves,.
and dye, steam, and water admission valves arranged substantially as and for the
purpose described.
2. Apparatus for dyeing bleaching or scouring cops or other materials
constructed and arranged substantially as and for the purpose described and.
shown,
Dated this 11th da osow
1000
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Manchester, Liverpool, and London, Patent Agents..