Improvements in Apparatus for Aërating and Heating the Water in Baths and the like.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 7th Feb., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 6th Dec.. 1893-Accepted, 27th Jan., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Aërating and Heating the Water in
Baths and the like.
I CHARLES HENRY ROSHER of Albany Buildings 39 Victoria Street S.W.
in the County of London Civil Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
My invention has for its object the maintenance in a sanitary condition by means
of aeration of large volumes of water such as are used in public or private
swimming baths and plunge baths or in artificial lakes and canals (such as were
employed at "Venice in London" at Olympia). It may also be applied to filtering
apparatus for purifying water for use in swimming baths or otherwise and is partly
applicable to other purposes as hereinafter described.
To carry out my invention I employ a jet or jets of water which issue at a
suitable pressure from orifices or nozzles presenting directly towards and situated
at a convenient distance above the surface of the water in the swimming bath
artificial lake filter-tank or sump which it is proposed to aerate.
The water-jets partly by induction and partly by striking the surface of the
water carry and impel beneath its surface a quantity of air in a finely divided state
which air oxidises organic impurities and renders the water wholesome.
The pressure of water required for the jets may be obtained from the main or
other source of supply or by direct pressure from a circulating pump drawing
water from the bath itself or from some other source.
The pressure required to obtain the greatest efficiency will vary according to the
depth of the water to be aerated as it will readily be seen that the penetrating
power of the jet must be in proportion to it's sectional form and area and it's
velocity; while the amount of air inducted and impelled will be in proportion to
the velocity of the jet and the surface which it exposes to the circumambient air.
I do not confine myself to the employment of any particular form of orifice or
nozzle for giving direction and force to the jet which may be cylindrical, annular,
flat or irregular in section and will be designed to expose as much surface to the
air as is consistent with sufficient penetrating power. According to circumstances
I employ powerful isolated jets or a series of smaller jets.
In the case of a swimming bath the tubular handrails frequently employed would
form a very convenient means of conducting the pressure water to the jets and
they may be perforated or provided with nozzles at suitable intervals. Such
handrails are carried on brackets which latter may be used to convey the water to
the handrails. Further the handrails may be adjusted so that the jets can be
directed as desired downwards towards the surface of the water in the bath or
outwards at any required angle for the purpose of spraying the surface and
removing scum or for introducing a clarifying solution.
In some instances I enclose the jet nozzle or orifice in a sleeve or chamber the
lower part of which is carried below the water surface and which may be internally
provided with a cone or cones and in it's upper part be perforated or pierced to
allow of the admission of air.
If in addition to aerating the water it is also desired to heat it a steam jet may
be arranged to suck the water and deliver it at an increased temperature in the
form of a jet or jets for any of the purposes before mentioned.
Dated this 7th day of February 1893.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Aörating and Heating the Water in
Baths and the like.
CHARLES HENRY ROSHER of 39 Victoria Street S.W., in the County of
London, Civil Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
My invention has for its object the maintenance in a sanitary condition by means
of aeration; of large volumes of water such as are used in public or private
swimming baths and plunge baths or in artificial lakes and canals (such as were
employed at "Venice in London at Olympia).
=
It may also be applied to filtering apparatus for purifying water for use in
swimming baths or otherwise and is partly applicable to other purposes as
hereinafter described.
To carry out my invention I employ a jet or jets of water which issue at a
suitable pressure from orifices or nozzles presenting directly towards and situated
at a convenient distance above the surface of the water in the swimming bath,
artificial lake, filter-tank or sump which it is proposed to aërate.
The water-jets partly by induction and partly by striking and penetrating
beneath the surface of the water, carry with them and impel a quantity of air in a
finely divided state, which air oxidises organic impurities and renders the water
wholesome.
The pressure of water required for the jets may be obtained from the main or
other source of supply or by direct pressure from a pump or steam-jet apparatus
arranged to draw water for the supply from the bath itself or from some other
source such as a well or river.
The pressure required to obtain the maximum of efficiency will vary according
to the depth of the water to be aërated, as it will readily be seen that the
penetrating power of the jet must be in proportion to its sectional form and area
and its velocity; while the amount of air inducted and impelled will be in
proportion to the velocity of the jet and the surface which it exposes to the circum-
ambient air.
I do not confine myself to the employment of any particular form of orifice or
nozzle for giving direction and force to the jet, which may be cylindrical annular,
flat or irregular in section and will be designed to expose as much surface to the
air as is consistent with efficient penetrating power.
"
According to circumstances I employ powerful isolated jets or a series of smaller
jets.
In the case of a swimming bath the tubular handrails frequently employed just
above the surface of the water would form a convenient means of conducting the
pressure-water to the jets, and they may be perforated or provided with nozzles at
suitable intervals.
Such handrails are attached to the sides of the bath by brackets, which latter
may be adapted so as to convey the water to the tubular handrails.
Further, the handrails may be made capable of adjustment so that the jets can
be directed as desired, downwards for the purpose of aëration or outwards at any
required angle, for the purpose of spraying the surface and removing scum or for
introducing a clarifying solution.
In some instances, I enclose the jet nozzle or orifice in a sleeve or chamber the
lower part of which extends below the surface of the water and which may be
internally provided with a cone or cones and in its upper part be provided with
holes or spaces to allow of the admission of air.

page_text: If in addition to aërating the water it is desired to heat it, a steam jet may be
arranged to suck the water and deliver it at an increased temperature in the form
of a jet or jets for any of the purposes before mentioned.
In order that my invention may be better understood I append to this Specifi-.
cation three sheets of drawings illustrating the same applied to a swimming bath.
The letters of reference refer to like or corresponding parts in the several apparatus:
described.
Figs. 1 and 2, Sheet 1, show a portion of a swimming bath with the water jet.
apparatus attached to the sides thereof on brackets and forming a handrail.
Figs. 3, 4, 5 and 6 show elevations of aërating appliances, in relative position to
surface of water, shewn in detail in Sheet 2.
Figs. 7 and 8, 9 and 10, 11 and 12, Sheet 2, show respectively sections and plans
of alternative aërating instruments; and Figs. 13 and 14 shew section and plan of
a combined steam-jet lifter and aërator.
Fig. 15, Sheet 3, shows a portion of a swimming bath and section and elevation.
of a tubular handrail to conduct pressure water to aerating appliances.
Fig. 16 shows also a portion of a swimming bath and in elevation a steam-jet
lifter drawing water from the bath and delivering it through a handrail to the:
aërators.
In Figs. 1 and 2 the water or other fluid is supplied under pressure through a
supply pipe A into a horizontal pipe a, which is supported on the sides of the bath
in brackets a'. The water or other fluid issues through the orifices or nozzles a³:
onto the surface of the water in the bath either in a vertical or horizontal direction.
as desired for aërating the water or spraying the surface thereof.
In Figs. 7 and 8 the water or other fluid supply enters the aĕrating instrument
under pressure through tube A and is discharged into chamber B through the
nozzle b, the jet thus delivered impinging upon the surface of the water of the bath
at the point c, through an orifice in cone C. The jet of water or other fluid in
passing through chamber B, induces a current of air through holes 6', which air is
carried into the water in the bath by the action of the jet, and is more or less in
volume according to the size and velocity of the jet issuing at b.
"
:
Figs. 9 and 10 show a similar instrument to the one above described except.
that the supply pipe enters at the side and a central needle D is added, which would
cause the same quantity of fluid to expose a larger frictional surface to the circum-
ambient air.
Figs. 11 and 12 show a further modification in this type of instrument. A
receiving cone E is formed near to the nozzle b, whereby the chamber B is much.
reduced in capacity.
The action is the same as in the instrument first described but additional holes
are provided at 6 whereby a further supply of air is carried into the apparatus..
A cone C may also be attached to this instrument.
Figs. 13 and 14 show in combination with an aérating instrument a steam jet
water lifter. In this case steam is supplied by pipe G to nozzle g; this issues in
the form of a jet into the cone y'. The action of the steam jet is to suck the water
from the bath by pipe F and deliver it into chamber A', from whence it is.
discharged through Lozzle b into chamber B; the subsequent action being as.
described in preceding cases.
Fig. 15 shows a tubular handrail a fixed to the wall of the bath on brackets a¹ ;.
through it the water or other fluid is conveyed to nozzles b which are shewn
Dattached to the side of the bandrail nearest to the wall of the bath. Attached to
the wall of bath, below nozzles », are sleeves or chambers B fitted with cones C.
In this case the annular space between the nozzle b and the upper part of
chamber B serves for the admission of air.
In Fig. 16 a is a handrail similar to the one just described. a' is a nozzle similar
5 to those shown in Figs. 1 and 2. J is a tee-piece into which an aërator B (provided
with a nozzle in its upper part and with holes for the admission of air) is
screwed. H is a steam jet water lifter to which steam is supplied 'through pipe G

page_text: and its action is to suck water from the bath through a pipe F and to deliver it
through pipe a to the nozzles or aërators.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what inanner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1. A pipe provided with nozzles or orifices, attached above water level to the
wall of a swimming bath; through which water or other fluid is conveyed under
pressure, and which is capable of being turned on its axis, so as to vary the
direction of the jets, substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore described
with reference to Figs. 1 and 2.
2. An instrument, having a water jet under pressure at its upper part, directed
in a downwardly direction, and having a casing surrounding the same in which
holes or spaces are provided for the admission of air, the lower part of the casing
being provided with a cone or cones substantially as and for the purpose herein-
before described with reference to Figs. 3 to 12.
3. The combination of an instrument as above described, with a steam-jet water
lifter, substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore described, with reference
to Figs. 13 and 14.
4. In a swimming bath, the employment of a tubular haudrail to conduct water
or other fluid under pressure, for the supply of aërators such as have been
described, substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore described with
reference to Fig. 15.
5. In a swimming bath or other receptacle, the combination of a tube provided
with nozzles or aërators as above described, with a steam-jet water lifter substan-
tially as and for the purpose hereinbefore described with reference to Fig. 16.
Dated this 6th day of December 1893.
CHARLES H. ROSHER.