IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR FORGING NUTS
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Peers Scott, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR
FORGING NUTS." A communication from abroad by the Firm of Kettler and
Vogel, of Hagen, in Westphalia, Germany.
aled the 28th June 1878, and dated the 17th January 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Peers Scott at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th January 1878.
JOHN PEERS SCOTT, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR FORGING NUTS." A communication from
abroad by the Firm of Kettler and Vogel, of Hagen, in Westphalia, Germany.
This Invention consists in an improved combination of machinery for making
hexagonal nuts out of a flat bar of iron, and without any waste, except that due
to oxidation from heat.
The improved machinery consists of a die of the form of the nut to be forged, and
of two punches which are forced into the nut blank by cams or other equivalents
from opposite sides, to make the required hole and to consolidate the iron in the
die, one of the punches is forced clean through the nut to remove the thin film of
metal that is left between the ends of the two punches; this extra traverse of one
of the punches is given by a projection on the cam by which the punch is forced at
first partly into the nut. A strong spring is applied to one end of the machine,
which yields and prevents injury in case of accidents.
The bar of iron of which the nuts are made is indented at each side by wedge-
shaped clips, which are opened and closed by a toggle joint, actuated by a bar which
is moved to and fro by a cam or other equivalent.
The clips are made of an angle of sixty degrees, and when closed, the points of
the clips nearly meet in the centre of the bar, thereby forming two sides of the
hexagon nut.
In making square nuts the wedge-shaped clips are not required.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said John Peers Scott in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 11th
July 1878.
JOHN PEERS SCOTT, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR FORGING NUTS." A communication from
abroad by the Firm of Kettler and Vogel, of Hagen, in Westphalia, Germany.
This Invention consists in an improved combination of machinery for making
hexagonal nuts out of a flat bar of iron, and with very little waste, except that due
to oxidation from heat.
The improved machinery consists of a die of the form of the nut to be forged, and
of two blocks and punches, which latter are forced into the nut blank by cams or
other equivalents from opposite sides to make the required hole, and to consolidate
the iron in the die, one of the punches is forced clean through the nut after the
meeting of the two punches in the middle of the nut; this extra traverse of one of
the punches is given by a projection on the cam by which the punch is forced at
first partly into the nut. A strong spring is applied to one end of the machine
which yields and prevents injury in case of accidents.
The bar of iron of which the nuts are made is indented at each side by wedge-
shaped clips, which are opened and closed by a toggle joint actuated by a bar, which
is moved to and fro by a cam or other equivalent.
The clips are made of an angle of 60 degrees, and when closed, the points of
the clips nearly meet in the centre of the bar, thereby forming two sides of the
hexagon nut.
In making square nuts the wedge-shaped clips are not required.
And in order that the Invention may be fully understood, and readily
carried into operation, I will proceed to describe the accompanying Sheet of Drawings,
on which Fig. 1 is an elevation, Fig. 2 a plan, Fig. 3 an end view, and Fig. 4 a
transverse section of the improved machinery for forging nuts; Figs. 5 and 6
are detached views of part of the same; and Fig. 7 is a plan of the end of a bar of
iron of which the nuts are made.
A is the framing, in which are bearings for the shafts B and C; the shaft B is
furnished with a clip or cam n, and the shaft C with a larger clip k, and two smaller
clips, Both shafts are set in motion or worked by the wheels G, G¹, and the
pinion D on the fly wheel shaft. Between the two frame guides A are two slides
Hand I, which move to and fro between the set rails P and N. The slide His
worked by means of the clips 1, 1, on one side and the heart plate i on the other
side, whilst the slide I remains stationary, and can only yield a little when the
machine is overstrained by the compression of the spring k¹. Two hexagonal blocks
w and e, fixed in the slides H and I, impart to the nut about to be formed its shape
in the die t, whilst both the punches h and g, passing through the blocks w and e,
take part in forming the hole in the nut. The punch g is fixed in a smaller slide b,
running in the larger slide H, and is forced forward by the larger clip k, whilst the
punch is advanced by the clip n by means of the shaft B.
The mode of operation is as follows:-During the revolution of the shaft C, the
clips,, push the slide H forward, so that the end of the bar of iron placed in
front of the die t is pressed by means of the hexagonal block w into the diet,
filling up the empty space between the two blocks w and e, and immediately
thereupon the clip k of the shaft and the clip n of the shaft B, coming from different
directions, press the two punches g and h into the now compressed iron, and form
thereby the hole in the nut. Both punches mutually advance until close together,
whereupon the punch g alone is completely forced through the nut and into the
block w, the punch h being drawn back to its original position. After the nut has
thus been completely finished, the clip k takes hold of the heart plate i, which on its
part draws back the slides H and b, which move together, then the slide b strikes

page_text: the bevel stud f, fixed in the framing, and pushes the block e through the die t
whereby the nut in the die falls out.
In order to prevent the waste of the angle pieces a, a, see Fig. 7, between the
several hexagons of the iron bar of which the nuts are made, I employ the small
slides m, m2, see Figs. 4, 5, and 6, with the wedges g¹, g³; these slides are placed in
the front plate of the slide H; the wedges compress the angle pieces a, a, shortly
before the pressing of the nut takes place. The two slides with their wedges are
set in motion by the levers z, z', see Figs. 5 and 6, which have their fulcrum in the
pivots c, c¹, and when the slide H is in motion they are forced backwards and
forwards with it.
The opening and closing of the shears is effected by the toggle links y, y', and
the cross slide L, running on the framing A, see Fig. 2, which is moved forward by
an inclined plane R on the wheel G¹, and moved backwards by a bent lever actuated
by a curve u on the wheel G¹. The latter can also be effected by springs fixed in a
suitable manner. The quick back movement of the shears enables the nut blank to
be indented to a smaller size than the die t, by which means all waste of iron in
forming the sides of nuts is prevented. The piece of iron r, placed in front of the
die in the front view of the slide H, see Figs. 5 and 6, serves as a support to
the extended iron bar; Fig. 6 shews the shears open, and Fig. 5 shews them
closed.
In order to prevent the hexagonal blocks w and e from knocking together when
the machine is empty, whereby the projecting edges on the faces of the blocks for
the formation of the bevel on the nut would quickly wear out, the springs is placed
over the framing A, against which the slide bar b, holding the block e, strikes by
means of the two pins x.
By means of the machine above described, nuts can be pressed from wrought iron
bars, without any waste of iron, except that due to the oxidation by heat and the
thin film left by the punches g and h, in making the hole in the nut. The film left
is about one-fiftieth part of an inch thick, and about half the diameter of the hole,
and it prevents wear and tear in the ends of the punches.
It is evident that when square nuts are made, the wedge-shaped clips g², g², are
not required.
Having thus stated the nature of the Invention, and the manner of performing
the same, as communicated to me by my foreign correspondents, I declare that I
claim, the general combination and arrangement of the parts forming a machine for
forging nuts, as shewn and described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Peers Scott, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Ninth day of July, One thousand eight hundred and
seventy-eicht
JOHN P. SCOTT. (L.s.)