CERTAIN MACHINES OR MACHINERY FOR EXTRACTING CORRODED IRON AND OTHER NAILS AND BOLTS OUT FROM SHIPS BOTTOMS, MASTS, DECKS, AND ANY OTHER PART THEREOF
Year: 1812

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
ARIELL, of the Parish of Saint Anne, Limehouse, in the County of Middlesex,
Shipwright, send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third did, by
His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Twenty-fifth day of
June, in the fifty-second year of His reign, give and grant unto me, the said
William Ariell, my exors, adññiors, and assigns, His especial licence, full.
power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said William Ariell, my exors,
adñiors, and assigns, should and lawfully might, during the term of years
therein mentioned, make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales,
and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "CERTAIN MACHINES OR
MACHINERY FOR EXTRACTING CORRODED IRON AND OTHER NAILS AND BOLTS OUT FROM
SHIPS BOTTOMS, MASTS, DECKS, AND ANY OTHER PART THEREOF;" in which said
Letters Patent there is contained a proviso that if I, the said William Ariell,
shall not particularly describe and ascertain the nature of my said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, by an instrument in writing
under my hand and seal, and cause the same to be inrolled in His Majesty's
High Court of Chancery within two calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent, that then the said Letters Patent,
and all liberties and advantages whatsoever thereby granted, shall utterly
cease, determine, and become void, as in and by the same, relation being
thereunto. had, may more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
William Ariell, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and
the manner which the same is to be performed, are particularly described
and ascertained in the Drawings hereunto annexed, and the following descrip-
tion thereof, that is to say:
The machine will draw out all corrody leaky iron or other nails and bolts
from ships' bottoms without wounding the outside plank more than a trenail
will fill up. First, provide a company of shipwrights and pay close attention
to order. Each sett of machinery will employ six or eight men to carry on
the works with dispatch. The bottom being previously, dubbed clean, try
every nail or bolt intended for extraction with two crows, each about twenty
inches long, as Fig. 1, with steel drawing parts A, one on each side of the
head of the nail, placing the points A between the head of the nail and
the ship's bottom; then, with a hammer, strike on the head B of the crows,
the blow bearing equally against the bottom and the nail, both sides striking
together. It will be seen by the peculiar construction of the the crows, that
they will not wound the bottom, being made broad at the part that bears
against the plank. If the nail has a large head and much corroded in
the shank, it will start; when once it is started two or three inches, apply
If the nail or bolt should refuse
the claw crow, Fig. 2, to take it out.
to start on the application of the crows, then, with a small cold chisel,
trim the head of the nail to any size less than one inch diameter, and also the
wood round the nail with a small gouge from 1½ inch to inch diameter
about one inch in; then with the tapping bitt, view'd in Fig. 3, and section of
same (A being the nail to be drawn out); B, the shank; C, C, the
leaver fastened on the shank with a nutt and screw; d, the female screw
made of cast steel and well wrought and tempered with three or four gullets
within. To discharge the core, each machine must be furnished with four
or five tapping bitts, at least from 1 inch diameter to diameter, as Nos.
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, end views. You must make choice of the size of the tapping
Proceed to spring
bitt according to the size of the nail you have to extract.
a worm on (or in) the head of the nail by turning the tapping bitt round
on the head. Attention must be paid in springing the worm not to force
the tapping bitt, but work it backwards and forwards, and be particular to
use a small quantity of oil and a little patience, and clear the gullets of
the tapping bitt with a crooked instrument, as Fig. 4, every fresh tap you
make. Having sprung a worm of four or five threads on the head of the
nail, turn the tapping bitt.off; then take the female screw drawing bitt B,
Fig. 5 and Fig. 7, views and sections, with the screw shank C attached and

page_text: bolted, and turn it on the head of nail A with a leaver, as F, F, Fig. 6,
the drawing bitt B being four or five threads tipon the nail. Take the leaver
of and apply the triangle frame D, as in Fig. 6, over the screw shank C
against the ship's bottom for an abutment. Be careful to fix a washing ring:
on the frame D round the screw C, then, with the leaver E, E, turning
round with the sun upon the screw C against the frame D, will draw out the
nail A. If at any time the worm in the nail should trip, I have only to
apply a smaller size tapping bitt and shift the female screw drawing bitt,
always observing the tapping bitt 1, 2, 3, &c., Fig. 3, and drawing bitt 1, 2, 3,
&c., Fig. 7, be of the same thread. Fig. 7, drawing bitts of various sizes all
made to fit and fix on the screw shank C, the pin a and the hole a to fasten
or bolt the screw shank and drawing bitt together; b, the square part of
the body fitted to a wrench, Fig. 8, to disengage the drawing bitt froin the.
screw shank C.
As the machines are so constructed, the size of the bitts
may be altered at pleasure from a tenpenny brad to a twenty-inch nail or bolt.
The deals of a deck being much worn, leaving the head of the nails an inch
bare, or, if at any time a nail or bolt start out from the bottom, one, two,
or more inches, apply the claw screw machine Fig. 9. A, the nail, half an
inch or more clear of the wood; B, B, a pair of claws fixed to the screw.
shank C; F,the bridle round the claws that closes with a screw at G on the nail;
when clench'd fast, put the frame D, D, D, D, over the same, then the leaver
E, being turned round with the sun, will draw out the nail A. If in confined
places, as over a block or under the bottom, there not being room for the leaver
E, E, in Figs. 6 and 9, to work round, in lieu thereof make use of Fig. 10; (a),
a large square nutt with the thread therein, to fit the screw shank C in Fig. 6,
and the screw shank C, Fig. 9; b, b, a long wrench leaver to fit on the nutt a,
the nutt being 2 inches, the side of the square 1 inches thick, the leaver to
fit the nutt about 2 feet 9 in' to three feet in length. A pair of claws may
be attached to the screw C with a strong frame D, D, Fig. 11, to use in
confined places, when there is not room for the triangle frame, as in Fig. 9. The
leaver when turned round works the screw C in frame D at a, and draws up
the nail A. When the drawing bitt C, Fig. 6, has drawn out the nail A, put
the square part of the nail A into one of the square holes in a plate of iron
punched of various sizes, as Fig. 12; with the lever E, E, turn the nail off
against the sun, to disengage the nail from the drawing bitt. When nails or
bolts are extracted by any of the foregoing machines, and it is intended to
fasten with trenails, which is to be preferred if the timbers are of sufficient
Scantling, the hole must be put through the timber and inside plank, and a
trenail drove of that diameter most convenient for the tonage of the ship. If

page_text: a copper bolt is at any time preferred, it will only be necessary to drive the.
bolt through a copper ring; or, if the preference be given to cast copper bolts
with caulking iron heads, they will fill up all incision made in the plank by
the machines.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Ariell, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of August, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and twelve.