Improvements in Pumping Apparatus for Raising and Forcing Liquids.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 21st Mar., 1890-Accepted, 26th Apr., 1890
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Pumping Apparatus for Raising and Forcing
Liquids.
I, HENRY RYDER CUSSONS, of 67 Peel Street, Kingston-upon-Hull, Yorkshiro,
Commercial Clerk, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
My Invention relates to the production of an apparatus for raising and forcing
liquids wherein such operation is accomplished in a very efficient manner with the
expenditure of a comparatively small amount of labour or power, the object of my
Invention being to utilize, with the aforesaid apparatus, a quantity of water or other
liquid which shall assist in the working thereof.
The apparatus is intended to be worked by manual labour, but, by a slight alteration
in construction, it could with convenience be adapted to work by motive power.
In order that my Invention may be the better understood, I have appended the
accompanying explanatory drawing wherein Figure 1 is a vertical section of a double
acting pump or liquid raising apparatus constructed according to my said improve-
ments; Figures 2 and 3 showing detail views hereinafter referred to.
The
In the apparatus according to my Invention, as illustrated in the annexed
drawing, A, A, are the pump barrels or cylinders within which the caps or plungers C, C,
are fitted, these caps being provided with circumferential packing rings c, c.
beam E, which is centred at i and provided with handles E¹, is connected, at each end,
to the caps through the intervention of a framework composed of vertical rods C¹, C²,
by means of which the caps are alternately raised and lowered correspondingly with
the beam E. The lower end of each cylinder is provided with an extension A' within
which is fitted a pump bucket B3 with valve a', these extensions A' being separated
from the cylinders or barrels A by partitions or dead ends a and provided with foot
valves a¹.
Working upon the centre or pivot i, independently of, and adjacent to the above-
mentioned beam E, is a second beam F, Figure 3. This supplementary beam is
employed to work the pump buckets B³, independently of the beam E, through the
intervention of the hollow pump spears, tubes or air vessels B, the latter being con-
nected, at their upper ends, to the beam F by the rods B', and, at their lower ends, to
the pump buckets B³ by the rods B².
The lower end of each air vessel or hollow
B
spear passes through the cap C from
which it is insulated by the packing ring e' interposed between the adjacent surfaces
of the hollow spear B and cap C, the latter being allowed a certain amount of play on
the hollow spear or air vessel for the reason hereinafter explained. The chamber D,
which forms a communication between the ends of the cylinders or barrels A, serves
as a receptacle for a predetermined quantity of water or liquid which I utilize to assist
in working the apparatus, this bead of water serving, to a certain extent, as a beam on
which the caps Care poised or floated.
In the drawing, the air vessel B, cap C, and bucket B³, shown to the right hand
side, are at or near the end of their travel on the upstroke; the left hand air vessel B,
cap C, and bucket B3 being at, or near, the end of their travel on the downstroke as
shown in full lines by the arrows, the dotted lines and arrows indicating the position
which the various parts of the apparatus will assume when the beams are on their
return stroke.
The water or other liquid being raised, passes through the apparatus in the direction
of the double barbed arrows. It first is raised by the pump buckets B³, through the
foot valves at a, into the cylinder extensions A', passing therefrom through the
horizontal pipe 6, up the vertical pipe b', into the horizontal pipe 63, and thence, into

page_text: the cylinders A, from whence it is raised by the caps C, and finally emerges from the
horizontal pipe 63 through the outlet contained in the pipe .
From the foregoing it will be seen that the liquid is first raised by the buckets B³,
worked from the beam F; the operation being completed by the caps C, worked from
the beam . It will also be observed that the column of water above the cap C exerts
its weight altogether upon the cap, this pressure being equal to the height of the
column of water, and, both pumps being of equal height and size, the pressure is the
same in each.
In order to facilitate the working of the apparatus 1 propose to employ the
following arrangements of parts although I do not confine this part of my Invention
to the precise details specified-Forming part of the cap C, and extending vertically
downwards therefrom, I provide an extension e, the latter thus forming a chamber
with the lower end of the pump spear serving as a receptacle for a definite quantity of
water; this water, which assists in working the apparatus, being expelled from, or
forced into, this receptacle according to the varying position of the end of the pump
spear B relatively to the extension of the cap C. An opening is formed in the
extension of the cap in which one end of a flexible tube H is inserted, the other
end being connected to a sliding valve d, formed with an opening d', working hori-
zontally in the socket e formed in the side of each of the cylinders A. The valves d
work in contrary directions to each other through the intervention of the connecting
rod I, which reciprocates, at each stroke of the pump beams E, F, by means of a hell
crank connected to the lever or rod G, which latter may either be worked by the
handle through the bell crank g', at the top of the apparatus, or by a rod g²,
connected to a crank which is attached to, and works with, the beam or beams
aforesaid; or, said rod G may be actuated by any other convenient means.
In the position of the apparatus as shown, the head of water contained in the
chamber is supposed to he in position under, and forcing upward, the cap which
is shown to the right hand side of drawing. At the same time, a quantity of the
water enters the opening of the valve d, passing through the flexible tube H into
the chamber formed in the cap C, where, owing to the force exerted on the water
in D by the opposite cap C, on the downstroke, it expands and increases the amount
of that in the chamber of cap C, with the result, that the motion of the hollow pump
spear B and the end of beam F connected thereto, on the upstroke, is accelerated.
The full lines in the drawing show the position of the cap C when the water has been
forced into the space between the end of B and c², the dotted lines denoting the
position of the spear B and beam F when the reverse action takes place, and the
water is expelled from the space in the cap C. In the latter case, it will be seen, that
on the downstroke, the position of the valve d is reversed, as shown to the left of the
drawing, the orifice d' in the valve d arriving opposite to that e' in the socket e,
whereupon, the water contained in the cap C is, by the pressure of the hollow spear B,
expelled therefrom through the tube H and outlets d', e¹, direct into the atmosphere
and a vacuum thus formed under the hollow pump spear B; the full lines, to the left
of the drawing, showing the position assumed by the hollow spear B when the valve is
open to the atmosphere; the dotted lines indicating the position assumed when the
valve is closed to the atmosphere, but open in the water chamber D, and the cap
chamber consequently filling with water.
In order to maintain the head of water in the chamber D always constant, and to
replace that lost therefrom in working the apparatus, 1 provide a chamber J, Figure 2,
in which a float K is loosely carried, between the stopsj, j, on a vertical spindle h.
This float chamber is kept constantly supplied with water from the vertical passage b¹,
the valves permitting water to pass from above to under the float K, whilst the
valve n permits water to enter the chamber D from under the float K through the
orifico ¹. When the valves are open, that at n is closed, and vice versa on
the partial rotation of the spindle h, which is attached to the reciprocating rod M by
the arm o, the rod M being actuated from the lever G by the bell crank o. The
float K, which is capable of vertical movement only in the chamber J, is provided
with a packing ring m. The valves k, which are opened and closed alternately by the

page_text: partial rotation of the spindle h, are connected by the arms L to a sleeve or socket l
provided with a pin or projection which engages, and slides vertically in, a longi-
tudinal slot h¹ in the rod h.
The apparatus above described may be modified somewhat in certain respects,
without departing from the characteristic features which distinguish my said Inven-
tion. For instance, the pump spears B instead of being hollow, may be solid, in
which case they would exactly correspond in weight, so as to balance each other;
and, further, if found convenient, these hollow or solid pump spears might be replaced
by a piston, which would be inserted into a hollow tube suitably carried in each of
the pump barrels or cylinders A.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
(1) The improvements in apparatus for pumping, raising and forcing liquids
substantially as herein set forth and shown.
(2) The method of and means employed for working the pumping apparatus,
referred to in the preceding claim, by utilizing a predetermined quantity or head
of water substantially as set forth.
(3) The combination with the hereinbefore described pumping or liquid raising
and forcing apparatus of a hollow pump spear or air vessel B, cap or plunger C,
beams E, F, and means for alternately filling and expelling water into, and out of,
the chamber in the cap C, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
Dated this 15th day of March 1890.
JAMES STEVENSON,
Gray's Inn Chambers, 20, High Holborn, London, W.C., Agent for Applicant.