Improvement in Steam Boilers.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 3rd Aug., 1895-Accepted, 14th Dec., 1895
CUMI LUID DE
Improvement in Steam Boilers.
JOSÉ DIAZ DE BENJUMEA 342 West 59th Street, in the City of New York,
United States of America Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to steam boilers, and has for its objects to provide a steam
generator which is very strong, comparatively light, and that is adapted by its
construction to utilize the heat produced within it to a remarkable degree, whereby
safety and economy are secured by the use of the improvements.
To these ends my invention consists in the construction and combination of parts,
as is hereinafter described and indicated in the claims.
Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings forming a part of this
Specification, in which similar figures and letters of reference indicate corresponding
parts in all the views.
Fig. 1 is a sectional side and top view of a vertical boiler, the right-hand figure
being on the sectional plane above the crown sheet on the line A. B.
Fig. 2 is a sectional side view of a horizontal boiler.
The improvements are adapted for use in connection with horizontal and vertical
boilers; in the accompanying drawings cylindrical boilers are represented in
which 10 represent the shell proportioned to suit the capacity of the steam
generator.
An ash pit 11 is produced in the base of the shell 10 by supporting a series of
grate bars 12 at their ends on a bracket-ring 13, or by other means.
The central portion of the boiler will be made up of two concentric annular
shells 16 and 17, the diameter of the inner shell being less than that of the outer
the shells being corrugated or not as may be found most convenient, but
preferably corrugated, securely held together by stay bolts if necessary, screwed
into both shells and properly riveted.
one;
At the top extremity or lower end of the shells these will be riveted to an iron
ring 20 by rivets 20 leaving a water space of about three or more inches in the
vertical boiler.
Between the shell 10 and the shell 17 a spiral partition 18 is introduced and
secured by any suitable means, and the said partition may be formed of any
appropriate material, hollow, or solid as shown in Fig. 1 and 2, filled with any
refractory material or water, terminating in the vertical boiler at circulating
necks at its upper extremity and at opening for stack 28° (shown in dots in Fig. 1.)
at its lower extremity.
The annular shells of boiler in the vertical Fig. 1 16 and 17 as previously
described, will terminate at their lower extremity in a water leg fire box 14. This
water leg fire box to be properly bolted, screwed and riveted within which is
formed the fire box provided with a proper fire door 15. Similarly, in the
horizontal boiler the shells 16 and 17 are connected to a water surrounding fire
chamber 14 which will be more or less the same as the present ones used in boilers
of the locomotive type and properly bolted, screwed and riveted in the usual
manner.
A second spiral partition 19 (shown only in the horizontal) is inserted if
convenient between the concentric shells 16 and 17 for the purpose of reducing the
water contained between said shells, and which partition is preferably given a

page_text: '
pitch similar to that of the outer spiral partition 18 and said spiral partition is
secured to the shells 16 and 17 in any convenient manner.
Within the shell 16 a third spiral partition 22 is held by any preferred means,
having contact with the inner surface of the shell 16 as shown clearly in Fig. 1
and 2, the points of impinge being on the plain portion of said shell, so that a close
joint is afforded.
The spiral partition 22 has contact with a core 22 that extends through the
center of the coil and serves to close the aperture that would be formed if said core
were not provided, thereby producing a continuous spiral passage 22ª.
A steam dome 25 is provided on the vertical type of boiler Fig. 1 with one
inverted flange head, to be known as the crown sheet. The cover or lid of said
steam dome, to be provided with hand hole at center, and stay bolts 28" used for
stiffening the steam dome. In the horizontal boiler the steam is collected in a
similar manner as is in boilers of the locomotive type used at present, over the
fire box 25.
The spiral space 16 Fig. 2 and the space 16 Fig. 1 is destined to contain water
that may be introduced at a desired point by any usual means (not shown).
In the vertical boiler, the water held between the shells 16 and 17 passes through
branch pipes or necks extended between the shell 17 and the crown sheet 24
tapping the said shell and sheet.
Any required number of tubes 28 (shown only in Fig. 1.) are provided between
the shell 17 and the outer shell, extending from the lower extremity of the vertical
boiler Fig. 1 as indicated, connected to the water leg fire box and at the upper
extremity to tap the dome for the purpose of affording a more freely circulation of
steam in the generator. When a great number of these tubes are provided, the
outermost spiral 18 will be left out entirely. The same arrangement as that of the
vertical boiler regarding these tubes, will follow for the horizontal, with the only
modification that the tubes will be connected around the bottom part of the water
surrounding heating chamber to the plate marked X Fig. 2, and joined to the
water space 16 at the further extremity of shell 17 by means of elbow tube
connections or as may be found most convenient.
The body of the boiler between the upper line of the fire box Fig. 1, and the
lower line of steam dome, to be encased, as before mentioned, (shell 10,) and said
casing protected with asbestos. In this lagging will be provided inspection
doors 29 on each side, and opening for stack 28, placed ou side at right angle to
the fire door 15 as indicated in Fig. 1, and on top of boiler 28 shown in Fig. 2.
At the lower end of spiral passage 10° in the vertical boiler Fig. 1, a draft pipe
is secured over the aperture 28 in the shell 10 (shown in dots), which pipe is
extended to a sufficient height to insure a proper combustion of fuel placed in the
fire chamber 14, access to which chamber is afforded through the aperture 15 that
is closed by a hinged door 15" in the usual manner.
It is to be understood that the usual fittings for a steam boiler, such as a gauge,
safety valve and water gauges are to be supplied for the boiler, but as these are
not necessary to show the features of invention, they are omitted from the
drawings.
The operation of the improved steam boiler is as follows:
Water is supplied to the spiral space 16 Fig. 2 or to the space 16 Fig. 1 in
sufficient amount to cause it to enter the steam dome 25 and cover the crown
sheet 24 Fig. 1 and 24° Fig. 2, and for effective service as well as to protect said
sheet, water should be fed to the boiler while in service, so as to maintain it about
at the level shown in Fig. 1 & 2 which will allow ample space above the water for
containing steam.
Fire being started in the fire chamber 14, the heat current and products of
combustion will pass up the spiral passage 22" that intervenes the coils of the spiral
partition 22, the course of the heat being indicated by arrows.
After the products of combustion have traversed the comparatively long spiral
passage in the inner shell 16, they will impinge on the under side of the crown

page_text: sheet 24 Fig. 1, and as the surface of the shell 16 with which the heat is thrown in
contact is corrugated preferably, the passage of said heat will be somewhat
retarded and a large percentage of heat is absorbed and transmitted to the water
in the spiral space 16b Fig. 2 and in the space 16 Fig. 1.
The heat is deflected by the crown sheet 24 Fig. 1 and a portion transmitted
through said plate to the water covering the crown sheet, and by the draft of the
pipe 28 the hot products of combustion are drawn down the spiral passage inter-
vening the partition 18 Fig. 1 which will cause the heat thus drawn to have contact
with the corrugated portion of the shell 17, thereby heating it and the water that
contacts its inner surface.
A similar operation takes place in the type of boiler Fig. 2, only the products of
combustion travelling forward and backward and through smoke stack 28°
horizontally instead of vertically as in Fig. 1.
It will be seen by the peculiar construction of the improved boiler in Fig. 2,
a spiral water column is enveloped by a spiral column of heat on both sides,
which travel forward and backward, and as the water thus exposed to heat is
of comparatively small volume at any point, it is rapidly raised in temperature
and steam is evolved copiously and quickly.
The long passage that the heat from the fire chamber is compelled to traverse
before the products of combustion reach the draft pipe, effect the transmission
of a large percentage of heat to the water in the space 16 for heating said
water to produce steam, so that great economy results from the use of the
improvements.
The peculiar disposition of the material composing the boiler affords great
strength in proportion to the weight and thickness of said material, as the
corrugations of the shells 16 and 17 while it increases heating surface, also
increases the capacity of these shells to resist bursting strains, so that a com-
paratively light boiler having the improvements, is capable of sustaining safely a
very high steam pressure which is of advantage wherever it is desired to economize
in cost, weight and dimensions of a boiler that is capable of evolving safely high
pressure steam.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1. A steam boiler comprising concentric shells, arranged to provide a water
space between two heat spaces, of spiral partition within the innermost of said
shells and a steain chamber and water leg fire box connected with the water space
substantially as described.
2. In a steam boiler the combination with three concentric shells, of two spiral
partitions within the innermost of said shells, and the outer and outermost of the
inner shells producing a water space between two heat spaces substantially as
described.
3. In a steam boiler the combination with an outer shell and two concentric
shells within the outer shell, of three spiral partitions within the innermost of
said shells, between the innermost and outermost of the inner concentric shells, and
within the outer shell, producing a spiral water space between two spiral heat
conduits substantially as described.
4. In a steam boiler the combination of an outer cylindrical shell, two concen-
trically disposed inner cylindrical shells within the outer shell, spiral partition
within the innermost shell and forming an up-take for hot gases from the fire
chamber and a closing ring at the further or top end of the two inner shells
forming a water holding space between said shells, a deflecting crown sheet on top
or further end of the outer shell and spaced from the upper or further end of the
inner shells, of a steam chamber above the heating chamber connecting the water
held between the two inner shells direct from the horizontal type of boiler, of a
team chamber placed at top of the vertical type or boiler connecting the water

page_text: held between the two inner shells by means of necks or branch pipes extending
from the space between said inner shells to tap the dome, a water leg or water
surrounding fire box joining the two inner shells, of a sufficient number of tubes
parallel to said shells and extending between the outer shell and the outermost of
the inner shells joined to the upper part of said water leg fire box to tap the dome
in the vertical type of boiler and connected at the further end to the water space
between the two inner shells in the horizontal boiler, a spiral partition between the
larger of the inner shells and the outer shell, forming a spiral down-take passage
for products of combustion, substantially as described.
Dated this Twenty-fifth day of July in the year Eighteen hundred and
ninety-five.
JOSÉ DIAZ DE BENJUMEA.