A NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CHECKING THE NUMBER AND AMOUNT OF OR OTHER PLACE, ALSO FARES PAID BY PASSENGERS ENTERING A VEHICLE FOR CHECKING THE NUMBER OF PASSENGERS WHO LEAVE AT DIFFERENT STAGES
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Alfred Silverwood of Brighton in the County
of Sussex, Mechanical Engineer and Draughtsman for an Invention of A NEW
OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CHECKING THE NUMBER AND AMOUNT OF
OR OTHER PLACE, ALSO
FARES PAID BY PASSENGERS ENTERING A VEHICLE
FOR CHECKING THE NUMBER OF PASSENGERS WHO LEAVE AT DIFFERENT
STAGES
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Alfred Silverwood
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th March 1883.
THOMAS ALFRED SILVERWOOD of Brighton in the County of Sussex [Mechanical
Engineer and Draughtsman] "A NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CHECKING
THE NUMBER AND AMOUNT OF FARES PAID BY PASSENGERS ENTERING A VEHICLE
OR OTHER PLACE, ALSO FOR CHECKING THE NUMBER OF PASSENGER[S] WHO LEAVE
AT DIFFERENT STAGES
"
According to this invention the number of persons who enter and leave a vehicle
or other place is registered by the act of the persons depressing steps, preferably
two, upon which they must tread to enter or leave, the said depression actuating
a registering arrangement; no registry in either case taking place unless both steps
have been depressed; and to ascertain where or at what stage the passengers
enter and leave, a second registering arrangement is used, automatically worked
preferably from one of the wheels of the vehicle, all constructed and acting
substantially as follows
At the entrance of the vehicle or other place is arranged say two steps, suitably
hinged to admit of one side being depressed; under these steps are wedges
arranged in suitable guides which wedges by the depression of the steps actuate
four sliding bolts, two vertically and two horizontally, one end of these bolts is
formed with inclined planes or bearings for the purpose of blocking and working
each other alternately and the other end as a punch or die for registering
purposes.
The wedge depressers are ranged in pairs, side by side, fixed to the top and

page_text: formed or keyed cams or projections one of which on revolution of the spindle
bottom step two working the vertical bolts driven from the top step, and two the
horizontal bolts driven from the bottom step The depressing action of the top
wedge forces the vertical bolt down, and brings the bottom wedge upon such bolt
below the line of edge of wedge, ready for further acting upon the bolts, if next
step is depressed.
This double action allows a passenger to retrace his step after having put
his foot upon the first or lower step if intending to enter, on upon the top
step, if coming out, on finding that he is either mistaken in his vehicle, or
that he has not travelled far enough: in such case no registry takes place, and
either step instantly returns to its original position by aid of suitable springs,
directly the foot is removed. To prevent a registry taking place in the event of
one passenger depressing the top step, and another passenger the bottom step at
the same time, the act of depressing one step blocks the other, so that a person must
move off one step and leave that free, and on to the other to complete a registry.
For registry of outside passengers two projecting levers may be fixed to top step
preferably underneath, on which levers a step can be attached and made to form
one of the steps of the ladder. ... 330
רו
The registry is made upon a tape of paper, or other suitable material which is
preferably placed in the apparatus in a roll, and gradually drawn out under the
registering dies by winding on a drum which drum may be actuated by an adjustable
lever, fixed by a joint to one of the vertical sliding bolts which lever works an arm
with pawl actuating a ratchet wheel fixed to drum. When one step is depressed
the pawl and lever is moved half way over a ratchet tooth, and when the second
step is depressed the pawl passes over the tooth, and when the depression of the
step is released the drum is pulled round sufficient to ensure a clear space for the
next impression, thereby preventing two impressions on the same place The tape
or material to receive the impressions from the dies may be placed at the end of
the underneath part of the bottom step in suitable receptacle to preserve it from the
effects of weather and water. A door is formed at the back of the apparatus to
enable the registering paper to be withdrawn which can be done by simply lifting
the pawl off the ratchet and extracting the drum The paper may be attached to
the drum by any suitable spring catch or otherwise
The distance or stage indicator is constructed and works substantially as
follows.
.
On the hub or nave of one of the wheels of the vehicle is attached an arc shaped
cam which in revolving forms an inclined plane. This inclined plane works
against a vertical bolt moving a horizontal bolt working at right angles with the
vertical bolt. At the end of the horizontal bolt is a lever and pawl working a
ratchet wheel. When the wheel of the vehicle is in motion the arc shaped cam
presenting an inclined plane to the vertical bolt depresses the same as the cam passes
its longest point, the vertical bolt being raised again by a spring thus giving a
reciprocating motion to the horizontal bolt and moving the ratchet wheel onc
tooth per revolution of the wheel of the vehicle. The ratchet wheel is fixed on to
a quadrant similar to that of a screw cutting lathe so that by gearing one or more
gear wheels with the ratchet wheel and using the latter as the measuring one, the
travelling distance-can be easily and correctly calculated To prevent the indicator
working when the vehicle is backed the top of the bolt against which the cam
presses is made with a joint which on the vehicle being backed bends inwards
'from the cam and the ratchet wheel is not moved; the joint returns to its proper
position by spring.
By use of the quadrant the distance indicator can be adapted to the smallest
wheel of a tramcar or to the largest wheel of an omnibus, simply by changing, one
gear wheel in the quadrant for a larger or smaller one; the difference in the
diameter of a wheel occasioned by wear can be provided for in the same way.
To the ratchet or gear wheel in the quadrant a rod is keyed on the other end
is a pinion this pinion gears into another pinion upon the spindle of which is

page_text: actuates the drum by depressing a pawl taking into the ratchet wheel and another
raises the punch or die to mark the distance or stage on the registering paper;
this die acts by a spring. Thus the winding drum has a double action imparted to
it one by the bolts and the other by the stage or distance indicator but the
6 movement given by the latter is very slight and only to guard against a stage
mark being made twice in the same place in event of no passenger entering or
leaving during a stage.
For tramcars the same indicator is sufficient for both ends a longer rod being
only required to connect the gear wheel in quadrant which rod can be disengaged
O at will

page_text: *SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Thomas Alfred Silverwood in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 24th September 1883.
THOMAS ALFRED SILVERWOOD of Brighton in the County of Sussex, Mechanical
Engineer and Draughtsman A NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CHECKING
THE NUMBER AND AMOUNT OF FARES PAID BY PASSENGERS ENTERING A VEHICLE
OR OTHER PLACE, ALSO FOR CHECKING THE NUMBER OF PASSENGERS WHO LEAVE
AT DIFFERENT STAGES
According to this invention the number of passengers who enter and leave a
vehicle, as also the number who enter and leave at or between different stages or
distances is automatically registered upon a suitable tape or band by the weight of
the passenger depressing steps (preferably two) placed at the entrance and upon
which all who enter or leave must tread such depression of the steps actuating a
registering arrangement made and working as hereafter described. No registry
takes place unless both steps have been successively depressed by the same person.
This allows a passenger to retrace his step after having stepped upon the bottom
step intending to enter, or on the top step if coming out, on finding that he is
either mistaken in his vehicle, or that he has not travelled far enough.
prevent a registry taking place if one passenger should depress the top step and
another at the same time get on the bottom step, or vice versa, it is arranged that
the depression of one step blocks the action of the other, so that a person must
move off one step and leave that free and on to the other to complete a registry of
one. Upon the foot being removed from the step it immédiately returns to its
original position by the aid of suitable spring or other appliance.
To
There is a second registering arrangement for marking the stages upon the
registering tape, automatically worked by the revolution of one of the wheels of
the vehicle; there will thus be three different marks placed upon the registering
tape one to denote entries, one exits, and a third stages or distances. Therefore
to ascertain how many passengers got in and left during the first stage, it will only
be necessary to count the number of marks on the tape up to the first stage mark
on it.
An omnibus having say four different fares would have the four different
stage marks made upon the tape at the termination of each stage and the entries
and exits at or between the different stages would be shown by the corresponding
marks on the tape between the stage marks. To enable my invention to be fully
understood so that the same may be carried into practical effect I will describe the
same by aid of the accompanying drawings.
Figures 1 and 2 are side elevations, Figure 3 end-view at line Y. Z. of Figures 1
and 2 Figure 4 view of winding drum for tape, Figure 5 longitudinal view
partly in section of apparatus for working stage indicating register Figure 6 end
view of Figure 5 shewing application to wheel of vehicle, and Figure 7 plan of part
of Figure 5; Figures 8 and 9 are views of detached parts shown in Figures 1. 2
and 3. In Figures 1. 2. 3 and 4 the same letters denote the same parts; also in
Figures 5. 6 and 7
Referring to Figures 1. 2. 3 and 4. A is bottom step, A¹ top step, A² frame
work, B. B. wedge depressers attached to underneath of step A; C horizontally
moving bolt having one end formed with an incline plane, and the other end wedge
shape; C¹ horizontally moving bolt having one end formed with an incline plane
and fitted near other end with right angle vertically placed wedge; D vertically
moving bolt having its lower end formed as a wedge, the upper end being under
top step A; D', vertically moving bolt on the lower side of which is a right angle
horizontally placed wedge E¹; E vertically placed wedge on side of bolt C¹;
F lever jointed to end of bolt C¹ pivotted at G formed with a head F³ made with
an incline plane. F¹ guides or brackets for bolts C and C¹, and D. and D' to slide
in. F guides for punch carriers 4 and 5, formed on plate W. G¹ shaft, one end
passes through suitable socket in frame and projects as far as is necessary to form

page_text: connection with the stage indicating register as will be here after described; the
other end works in suitable socket in frame A³. G², guards to prevent fraudulent
insertion between or under steps. E' cam on shaft G¹, I cam also on shaft G',
shown only at Figure 3; K, vertically moving rod guided at M and jointed to
standard I by link K, L spring for raising rod K: Land L" springs to withdraw
bolts C and C. M, roll of paper tape, placed in box P' a part of side of which is
removed to show roll of paper M. L' circular revolving cushion to support paper
tape when being punched or marked. N drum on to which paper tape M is wound.
Q. Q. tension rollers for tape, attached by suitable arms to side of box P¹ and
tightened on paper by spring R2: R springs for raising steps A and A¹ when foot
is removed; R vertically moving rod attached to bolt D'; S, head on punch
holder 5 for cam I fixed on rod G³ Figure 3 to act upon; T cross bar projecting
through either side of frame fastened to underneath of top step by vertical
support;-T-Figure 3-spiral spring for adjusting punch 2; U spiral spring for
actuating punch 2; V spiral spring for adjusting punch 3, W back plate fastened
to frame A². On this plate the guides F2 and also the bracket G is formed.
✗ handle of paper clip on drum N: E³ hinges of steps A and A¹
Referring to Figures 5. 6 and 7, a quadrant screwed on to hollow holder f;
b cross head screwed on to rod c which rod works in hollow holder f; d hole for
cross pin; e spiral spring on-rod c; g socket screwed on to f; h bolt having its lower
end formed with an incline plane; j head of bolt h, pivotted at i, the top of which
is also formed with an incline plane; connecting link jointed to cross head b;
1 ratchet wheel revolving on a pin fixed on quadrant a; m small gear wheel,
attached to and revolving with 1, and gearing. with larger wheel o; n lever shown
in dotted lines working at back of a on pin that forms axle for wheel being
carried through frame a for this purpose; p carrier for wheel o; this carrier has
two slots for adjusting wheel o with smaller wheel m and is shown at back of
wheel o by dotted lines; q tappet adjusted by spiral spring for keeping head j of
bolt h upright, by acting on projection r; 8 arc shaped cam on nave of wheel to act
on incline plane of j; u pawl attached to link k for working wheel; v check
pawl for wheel
The whole apparatus shown at Figures 1. 2. 3. and 4 is arranged at the entrance
of a vehicle in such a way that a passenger inust tread upon the two steps
successively to enter, and the same in coming out
Referring to Figures 1. 2 and 3. On stepping on step A the weight of passenger
will depress the step from hinge E2 bring down depressers B. B. the incline planes
of which acting on the incline planes of bolts C and C¹ will move both horizontally
bringing the upper incline side of wedge end of bolt C under lower incline side of
wedge E of vertical bolt' D' thereby blocking step A' sufficient to prevent it being
fully depressed; at the same time the depression of step A causes by the action of
the other depresser or wedge B, acting on the incline plane of bolt C', the latter
to move horizontally which brings the incline plane of head F³ of arm F down on
to the incline plane formed at top of punch carrier 4, seen in dotted lines in
Figure 2; then by placing one foot on A' the latter is sufficiently. depressed to
cause the thin end of wedge at end of rod D to come behind wedge projection E
on bolt C' and us preventing the latter from returning to its original position by
action of spring L" the step A when the foot is wholly removed will return to its
original position by the action of the springs R and the bolt C being also at the
same time withdrawn by the spring Li frees rod D' which allows step A¹ to be
fully depressed which forces down rod D, the incline of wedge end, acting on the
incline of wedge E on side of bolt C¹ completes the horizontal movement of same,
which further depresses head F³ thereby forcing, down punch carrier 4 with
punch 3 on to the tape of paper passing over circular cushion L' and making one
mark to register an entry. On bolt C¹ returning to its original position-that.
shown in the drawings-by the action of the spring L", it causes the head F³ of
arm F to be raised from the incline at top of carrier 4, this latter then returns to
its original position carrying punch 3 with it by the action of spiral spring:V
s

page_text: On a passenger coming out and first stepping on A¹ the latter is depressed
which forces down vertical bolts D. and D¹ but not sufficient to cause punch 1 to
come on to the tape; the wedge end of D coming against the outer incline side
of wedge projection E on side of bolt C¹ blocks step A and prevents it being fully
depressed the edge of wedge E at bottom of bolt D' is brought by depression
of A¹ below the edge of wedge end of bolt C; then by stepping on to A from A¹
the former will be at first only slightly depressed, the wedge B causing the bolt C
to move sufficiently forward to bring the wedge end over the edge of wedge E' at
bottom of D; but when the whole weight of passenger comes upon A, A' will rise
by springs R at the same time rod Ď will be drawn up by the action of the
spring N thereby unblocking step A which at once becomes fully depressed and
wedge B causing bolt C to travel farther the wedge. end of which acting on the
incline plane of wedge E¹ will further depress rod D¹ sufficient to bring punch 1
on to paper tape and thereby mark one exit.
When the bolts D and D₁ are freed they return to their original position—that
shown in the drawings-by the action of springs N¹. N². Figure 3.
Referring to the registering tape. A roll of paper tape M is placed in a box P¹
the end of the tape is drawn between tension rollers Q. Q. over circular cushion L²
and fastened by suitable clip X to winding drum N. The clip may be a half
round rod let into drum which will hold the end of tape on being turned half
round by external handle. This drum is supported by suitable bearings in
standards II bolted to frame A, and has attached to it a ratchet wheel H. To
bolt D¹ is connected a rod R¹ the end of which carries a pawl P, rod R' being
connected to lever J' and worked from standard I². On the bolt D¹ being forced
down it brings rod R¹ with it the pawl P causing ratchet wheel H to move slightly
round thereby winding a certain distance of paper on to drum N; the pawl O2 is a
check pawl to prevent drum N moving back on the raising of rod R¹ and pawl P.
Referring to Figures 1. 2. 3. 5. 6 and 7.
Figure 5 shows a longitudinal view partly in section of the apparatus for
working the distance or stage indicating register. This is suitably fitted across the
underneath of vehicle so that the centre of wheel o comes suitable for the end of
rod G¹ which projects through frame to be passed through; and the head j for
cam 8 to act upon. This projecting part of rod G is preferably made square, the
centre in wheel o being made to correspond, and it is better for the connecting part
of G¹ to fit loosely in centre of wheel o. On the nave t of one of the wheels is
fitted an are shaped cam s; the head j of bolt h is arranged for this cam to act
against the incline plane at top, which depresses or forces down bolt hat every
revolution of the wheel; the incline plane at bottom of h acting upon a corre-
sponding incline at end of rod c forces the latter forward the distance of the incline
planes at ends of c and h which forward movement actuates arm and pawl w
thereby slightly turning ratchet wheel l, on this is fixed a small gear wheel m
which gears with larger gear wheel o carried on the adjustable carrier p which
by slots, and screw bolts screwing into a enables wheel o to be moved nearer to or
further from m thereby allowing the latter to be changed for a larger or smaller
one. On the carrier pis a suitable boss sufficiently high to carry and keep wheel o
free of ratchet wheel
When the point of cam s passes over j the bolt h will immediately return to its
original position-that shown in the drawing-and also rod c bringing cross
head band connections & and w with it, by the action of the spiral spring e, the
ratchet wheel being prevented from moving back by means of the check pawl v
To enable the vehicle to be backed without the distance indicating register being
put in action the head j of bolt h is separate from and pivotted to it at i, and
supported upright in one direction by suitable shoulder preferably made slanting
as shown; when the vehicle is backed the cams will press down the head j
without depressing bolt h, the head jis brought back to its vertical position by
the action of the spiral spring on the tappet 9 pressing against stud r. It will
thus be seen that one revolution of the wheel o will cause rod G₁ to turn once.

page_text: Near that end of G that works in socket in frame is fastened a cam I (shown
only at Figure 3) which on turning takes under head S, on top of punch carrier 5,
raising same at every revolution: the spring U is stronger than the spring T3, the
latter being for adjusting or holding punch 2 off the paper; on the carrier 5 being
raised by cam I and released, the extra strength of spring U will cause the
carrier 5 to come down sharply overcoming the spring T3 sufficiently to allow the
punch 2 to descend on to the paper tape and mark a distance or stage. To
prevent two stage marks being made in the same place, one on top of the other
the drum N has a second motion imparted to it by pawl O connected to end of
rod K, the latter is guided at M² and connected to standard I by link K². On
rod G is a cam H' which acts upon the top of rod K forcing it down at every
revolution, this rod K comes back by spring L, the pawl O taking in ratchets on
wheel H² slightly turns drum N
Referring to Figure 4-In event of it being advisable to arrange a step in the
ladder to the outside of a vehicle, to act as the top step A¹ I suspend a cross
bar T from the underneath of step A¹ by support T; the ends of T projecting
beyond side of frame A² are perforated at T2 for the step to be bolted on to,
consequently stepping on to the step fastened at T2 would be equivalent to
stepping on upper step A¹
It will thus have been seen that the entries are marked by punch 3, the exits by
punch 1, and the distances or stages by punch 2; a distinctive mark must be used
for each.
By use of the adjustable carrier p, the distance or stage mark can be set to be
made where required by changing wheel m for a larger or smaller one.
The whole apparatus is enclosed by suitable case with door with lock at cach
end to enable the paper tape to be removed and put in.
The pawls are kept to their work by suitable springs
So far I have described my invention as applied to vehicles, but it must be clear
to any engineer or mechanic that it is also suitable for registering the number of
persons who pass in and out of any place where it is desired to know the number
who enter and leave. In this case the apparatus for marking the stages is
not used
Having now described the nature of my invention and how the same may be
carried into practical effect, I declare that I claim
First In an apparatus for the purpose described, the use of incline planes and
wedges or equivalents for actuating registering punches in combination with tho
depression of steps, all substantially as herein before described and shown in the
accompanying drawings.
Second In an apparatus for the purpose described the use of incline planes at
end of sliding bolts, and projecting wedge or incline on side of sliding bolts for the
purposes described
Third In an apparatus for the purpose described, the use of the arrangement of
parts described and shown for working the distance indicating punch
Fourth In an apparatus for the purpose described, the use of the adjustable
carrier p, for the purpose described.
In witness whereof I the said Thomas Alfred Silverwood have hereunto set my
hand and seal this twenty first day of September in the year of Our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty three.
THOMAS. ALFRED. SILVERWOOD. (L.S.)