IMPROVE- MENTS IN PRINTING, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Percy David Hedderwick, of Glasgow, in the
County of Lanark, North Britain, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PRINTING, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED
THEREFOR."
Sealed the 14th October 1870, and dated the 31st May 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Percy David Hedder-
wick at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 31st May 1870.
I, PERCY DAVID HEDDERWICK, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED
THEREFOR," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention, which relates to a special arrangement and con-
struction of printing mechanism whereby paper in the web may be
printed on both sides and subsequently cut into pieces of any required
length, consists of an open framework, in which are carried the two
rolls of paper in the web to be printed. The upper part of the said

page_text: framework is provided with type cylinders and impression cylinders,
there being two type cylinders and four impression cylinders, the type
cylinders having two impression cylinders between them, and one im-
pression cylinder on their outer sides. The paper from the outer roll
is led over the outer impression cylinder at that end of the machine,
and in passing over it it is printed on one side by contact with the
adjacent type cylinder, after leaving which it is passed over carrying
rollers (and by preference along the under side of the machine), from
which it passes over further carrying rollers to the upper side of the
machine, being supported in its course by travelling bands or tapes, and
is thence led over the impression cylinder at the opposite end of the
machine, in passing over which it is printed on the opposite side, or in
place of leading the said web along the under side of the machine it
may be lead over the upper side. On leaving the second impression
cylinder it is carried over a revolving drum provided with grippers which
seize hold of one end of the web and carry the web round with it, the
said drum also revolving a cutting roller, the cutting edge of which
at a certain point of the revolution comes in contact with the paper
and cuts it through, so as to leave the paper in the lengths required.
The drum is also provided with a second set of grippers, which imme-
diately before being cut lay hold of the paper at the part where it is
about to be cut, thereby preventing it falling off the drum as it passes
through the lower half of its revolution, until arriving at a point where
the grippers are released, and at the instant of such release a blast of
air is injected into the said drum, and passing through perforations in
its outer casing blows the cut portion down on to the receiving board
below.
The web of paper from the second paper roll is carried over the
impression cylinder next to the first type cylinder herein-before referred
to, and is printed on one side from that type cylinder, it passes thence
under the impression next to itself, and thereby its opposite side is
brought in contact with the second type cylinder, by means of which
it is printed on that side. After the second web is thus printed it is led
away to a cutting apparatus, whereby it is cut into pieces or lengths
to what
hayin hafore

page_text: two inking apparatus to each type cylinder being to give it a separate
inking for each printing on alternate sides of the two webs.
The inking apparatus carried upon the upper side of the type cylinders
is made moveable (by preference in a circular arc), so that when it is
required to take out or replace stereotype plates, or the type cylinder,
it may be moved out of the way from interfering with any of those
operations.
In place of arranging the mechanism, as herein-before described,
with the several rollers, cylinders, and drums, placed in a horizontal
position, they may be placed vertically or at any other angle, or in
place of arranging the impression cylinders in line with the type
cylinders the impression cylinders may be placed above and below the
type cylinders.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Percy David Hedderwick in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 30th November 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, PERCY
DAVID HEDDERWICK, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirty-first day of May, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the 33rd
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Percy David Hedderwick, Her special license
that I, the said Percy David Hedderwick, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Percy David Hedderwick,
my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
“IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED
THEREFOR," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Percy
David Hedderwick, by an instrument in writing under my hand and
seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said

page_text: cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Percy David Hedderwick, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, reference being had to the accom-
panying Drawings and to the letters and figures marked thereon,
that is to say:-
My said Invention, which relates to a special arrangement and con-
struction of printing mechanism, whereby two webs of paper may be
printed on both sides from type or stereotype cylinders, and subsequently
cut into pieces of any required length, consists of an open framework in
which is carried either one or both rolls of paper (in the web) to be
printed. The upper part of the said framework is provided with type or
stereotype cylinders and impression cylinders, there being two type or
stereotype cylinders and four impression cylinders, the type or stereotype
cylinders having two impression cylinders between them and one im-
pression cylinder on their outer side. The paper from the outer roll is
led over the outer impression cylinder at that end of the machine, and
in passing over it it is printed on one side by contact with the adjacent
type or stereotype cylinder, after leaving which it is passed over carrying
rollers (and by preference along the under side of the machine), from
which it passes over further carrying rollers to the upper side of the
machine, being supported in its course by travelling bands or tapes, and
is thence led over the impression cylinder at the opposite end of the
machine, in passing over which it is printed on the opposite side; or in
place of leading the said web along the under side of the machine it
may be led over the upper side. On leaving the second impression
cylinder the web is carried over a revolving drum provided with grippers,
which seize hold of one end of the web and carry the web round with it,
the said drum also revolving a cutting roller, the cutting edge of which
at a certain point of the revolution comes in contact with the paper and
cuts it through, so as to leave the paper in the lengths of sheets required.
The drum is also provided with a second set of grippers, which lay hold
of the web immediately behind the part where it is about to be cut,
thereby preventing is falling off the drum. The cut sheets of paper are

page_text: carried round by the grippers until arriving at a point where the grippers
are released, and at the instant of such release, a blast of air is injected
into the said drum, and passing through perforations in its outer casing
blows the cut portion down on to the receiving board below.
The web of paper from the second paper roll is carried over the
impression cylinder next to the first type or stereotype cylinder herein-
before referred to, and is printed on one side from that type or stereotype
cylinder; it passes thence under the impression cylinder next to itself,
and thereby its opposite side is brought in contact with the second type
or stereotype cylinder, by means of which it is printed on that side. After
the second web is thus printed it is led away to a cutting apparatus,
whereby it is cut into pieces or lengths and deposited on a receiving
board, similar to what is herein-before referred to in connection with the
first web of paper. The type or stereotype cylinders are provided with
inking and ink-distributing apparatus of the usual roller order, both on
the upper and under sides, the object of providing two inking apparatus
to each type cylinder being to give it a separate inking for each of the
two webs.
The inking apparatus carried upon the upper side of the type or
stereotype cylinders is made moveable (by preference in a circular arc),
so that when it is required to take out or replace stereotype plates or a
type cylinder, it may be moved out of the way from interfering with any
of those operations.
In place of arranging the mechanism as herein-before described, with
the several rollers, cylinders, and drums placed in a horizontal position,
they may be placed vertically, or at any other angle; or in place of
arranging the impression cylinders in line with the type cylinders the
impression cylinders may be placed above and below the type cylinders.
And in order that my said Invention may be properly understood, I
now proceed more particularly to set forth the system, mode, or manner
in or under which the same is or may be used or practically carried into.
effect, that is to say :-
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of a printing machine constructed in
accordance with the first modification of my Invention; whilst Figure 2
is a detached longitudinal section of a portion of one of the drums,
herein-after described as the revolving delivery drums G and G¹.
Figure 3 is a longitudinal section of a portion of a printing machine

page_text: shewing a second modification of delivery apparatus; whilst Figure 4 18
a Diagram illustrating a third arrangement of delivery apparatus.
Figure 5 is a plan of part of Figure 1; and Figure 6 is a Diagram
illustrating certain details herein-after referred to.
With reference to the first modification of my improved printing
apparatus, as shown at Figures 1, 2, 5, and 6 of the Drawings, the
mechanism is carried in an open framework A, and it consists of two
rollers B and B', supported in brackets or bearings, not shown, and upon
which the paper to be printed is rolled, as shown at C and C¹. Upon
the upper part of the framework A two type or stereotype cylinders
D and D¹, and four impression cylinders E, E', and F, F', are situated
and arranged in such a manner that two of the impression cylinders,
namely, those marked F, F', are adjacent to each other, and situated
between the two type cylinders D and D¹, whilst the two remaining
impression cylinders E and E¹ are in consequence situated respectively
at the outside of the said type cylinders D and D¹. There are also
provided two revolving drums G and G¹, the construction of which is
more particularly shewn in the detached section, Figure 2. Each of
the drums G, G', consists of end frames or plates a, between which the
drum proper is fixed, consisting of a thin plate bent cylindrically, and
at intervals either perforated or slotted with openings, as shown at
Figure 1. The end frames or plates a of the drums G and G¹ are cach
centred and free to revolve upon hollow tubular bearings c, which are
secured to the framework A by means of screwed studs or bolts & being
To the
passed through flanges e formed upon the hollow bearings c.
outer ends of the said cylindrical bearings ca pipe fis attached, which
is in communication with an adjacent fan, pump, or other apparatus,
whereby a blast or strong current of air is passed through the pipe fand
the interior of the bearing c, thence into a pipe t which is situated con-
centrically with and extending across the entire length of the drum
G or G¹. The said pipe t is provided at suitable intervals with blow
pipes us, as shown upon Figure 1. The revolving drums G and G' are
each provided with two distinct sets of grippers, not shewn in the
Drawings, but which grip the web at its edges. The individual or
separate functions assigned for each set are herein-after set forth.
Situated adjacent to the drums G and G' respectively, with their
peripheries in contact therewith, are two cutting rollers H and H', so
called from each having at a certain part of its periphery a knife or

page_text: sharp cutting serrated instrument, which is brought into contact with
the peripheries of the drums G or G¹ at regular intervals, as the rollers
H and H¹ are revolved by means of a spur pinion g fixed upon the axis
of each, and geared into corresponding spur wheels h fixed upon the
axis of the drums G and G' respectively. The purpose for which the
said knives are provided and the manner in which they act are herein-
after more particularly set forth.
Having now described the construction and general arrangement of
the chief parts of my improved printing apparatus, as arranged under
one modification, its action or mode of operation which remains to be
explained will be more clearly understood.
The end of the web or roll of paper C which is wound upon the
roller B is drawn upwards and passed over the outer impression
cylinder E, thence it is passed downwards, and being subjected to
contact with the type or stereotype cylinder D, is thereby printed upon
one side. In being passed onwards it is next led over a carrying roller I,
thence downwards to another and corresponding carrying roller I',
whence it is led along the under side of the apparatus, being supported
and conducted in its course by travelling bands or tapes extending
between the stretching rollers u, u¹, u², when having arrived at the
latter it is brought into contact with and conducted round another
carrying roller I², thence upwards, when it is passed over another
carrying roller I³, from which it is conducted and passed over the
impression cylinder E¹, in passing round which it has that side which
has not been printed upon brought into contact with the type or
stereotype cylinder D¹, and is in like manner printed. From the
impression cylinder it is then passed over the revolving drum G, and is
caught by one set of the grippers, not shewn in the Drawings, with
which the said drum G however is provided, as herein-after specified,
and the printed web is thereby carried round upon the drum G until the
knife or cutting instrument, herein-after referred to as being situated
at the periphery of the cutting roller H, is in passing through a revo-
lution brought into contact with the web of paper upon the periphery of
the drum G, when it severs or cuts the said paper into sheets of the
requisite length. The detached portions of paper when thus cut off are
in the lengths required corresponding to the circumferences of type on
the cylinders D and D'. Immediately before the cutting of the web has
been accomplished the second set of grippers, herein-before referred to,

page_text: has caught hold of the web close to and behind that part where the
cut has to be made, the web thereby being secured from being thrown
or falling off the drum G whilst passing through the lower half of its
revolution, and until arriving at the point where the grippers are
released and the cut sheet free to be removed from the drum G. It is
blown from off the drum G by means of a current of air passing from
the blowpipe u and entering on the inner side of the paper by issuing
through the perforations, so that it is finally deposited upon the receiving
board J provided for the purpose of receiving the sheets as they are thus
thrown off. The said current of air is intermittent, and it is adjusted
by the opening and closing of a valve, so as to come into action at the
desired instant. The direction in which the web is drawn and conducted
from one part of the series of operations to the others is clearly indicated
by the arrows upon Figure 1. With reference to the end of the second
web or roll of paper, that one marked C³, which is wound upon the
roller B¹, is drawn upwards and passed round the impression cylinder F,
by which it is printed on one side through being in contact with the
adjacent type or stereotype cylinder D. It is then conducted round and
passed downwards between the impression cylinders F and F¹, and is
then conducted round the latter and drawn upwards between it and the
second type or stereotype cylinder D³, whereby it is printed upon the
opposite side through being in contact with the said type or stercotypo
cylinder D. The web is then drawn onwards and passed round a
carrying roller K, thence it is drawn upwards and passed over another
carrying roller K', from which it is conducted to the revolving drum G¹,
where it is cut and treated in a manner in every respect similar to that
herein-before described with reference to the first web, and the detached
sheets are finally deposited upon the receiving board L. The whole of the
operations in connection with the second web of paper are clearly traced
and indicated by means of the arrows shown upon Figure 1. As will
be clearly understood by reference to Figure 1 each of the type
cylinders D and D¹ is provided with two inking. apparatus of the usual
roller type, the ink being placed in the reservoirs I, I, I, I, is conducted
to the type cylinder by means of an ordinary train of ink distributing
rollers 2 acting with their peripheries in contact; the lowest roller of
the train on the under side and the uppermost roller of the train on the
upper side being partially immersed in the ink, whilst the latter two
rollers of the train are in contact with the type cylinder and distribute
the ink thereon. The object of supplying inking apparatus at both the

page_text: upper and under sides is to give a separate inking for each printing
operation upon the two webs. To facilitate the operation of taking out
or putting in types, stereotype plates, or the type or stereotype cylinders
themselves, the inking apparatus on the upper side is moveable (by pre-
ference in a circular arc) so that it may be drawn away from interfering
with any of the above-mentioned operations. This feature and arrange-
ment of the mechanism is indicated by the dotted lines in red upon
Figure 1. The arrangement of gearing by preference employed for the
transmission of motion to the working parts of the whole apparatus is
particularly shown upon Figure 5. The shafts a², a³, upon which the
type cylinders D and D¹ are fixed have each bevil wheels 62, 63, fixed
upon one end; the said wheels 62, 63, are geared into corresponding bevil
wheels, c, respectively, which are fixed upon a shaft x carried in
bearings, supported on brackets formed upon one of the side
frames A. Upon one end of the shaft x fast-and-loose pullies Y¹ and Y*
are situated, provided for the purpose of transmitting a rotary motion to
the said shaft and the type or stereotype cylinders D and D', through
the intervention of a driving band or belt which is in communication
with some adjacent motor. In order that the impression cylinders may
in like manner be made to revolve or kept stationary as may be desired
the shafts a², a³, of the type cylinders D and D¹ have (upon their ends
opposite to those upon which the bevil wheels 6º, 6º, are situated) spur
wheels d³, d³, fixed, each of these is in turn geared respectively into two
corresponding wheels e¹, e², or e³, e, situated upon their adjacent shafts
ƒ¹³‚ƒ³‚ƒ³, ƒ³, that is to say, the wheel d' is geared into the wheels e¹, e³,
causing the impression cylinders E and F to revolve, whilst the wheel d³
is geared into the wheels e³, et, in like manner, causing the impression
cylinders E and F¹ to revolve, and in order that any of the impression
cylinders E, E', or F, F, may be kept stationary whilst the type cylinders
Dand D¹ are in motion, it is provided that any of the wheels e¹, e², e³, e¹,
may be drawn out of contact with their respective driving wheels d², d³,
the shafts f, ff, f, being elongated for this purpose as shown.
In order that the motion of all the moving parts of the machine may
be stopped when a web breaks mechanism is provided, as shown, and
more particularly illustrated by the diagram, Figure 6. Above and freely
rolling on each of the impression cylinders E, E, F, and F¹ are small
rollers 6 which are attached to the extremities of bell-crank levers c
centred upon studs d. The rollers 6 lie upon the top of the web as it

page_text: extends over the upper side of the impression cylinders, and if the web
breaks one, any, or all of the rollers & drop into the slots a (which are
those made for fastening the impression cylinder blankets in the usual
well-known manner), and which has the effect of drawing down the
ends of the bell-crank levers c, to which the rollers b are attached, whilst
their opposite ends are in consequence forced outward in the direction.
indicated by the arrows, and as these opposite ends are in contact with
the tappets e, which are fixed upon a rod f, the rod f is thereby moved
in the direction indicated. To the end of the rod fa bell-crank lever g
is jointed, the fulcrum of which is centred upon a stud h. When the
rod ƒ is moved in the manner already described it drags with it the end
of the bell-crank lever g, to which it is jointed, whilst the opposite end of
the said bell-crank lever g is moved upwards and thrown out of contact
with the tappet i, which is fixed upon the shaft k. Upon this shaft k the
belt guide is also situated, against which the end of a strong spring m
(or its equivalent, such as a weighted lever,) is brought to bear. Im-
mediately that the tappet i is relieved from contact with the lower end
of the bell-crank lever g the pressure from the spring m instantly draws
along the belt guide I and the shaft K a sufficient distance to shift the
belt from the fast pulley Y¹ to the loose pulley Y2, and thereby stops
the motion of the working parts of the machine.
Under the second modification of my improved printing apparatus, as
shown upon Figure 3 of the Drawings, the arrangement and construction
of the mechanism is in some parts similar to that herein-before set forth
under the first modification, and shown upon Figures 1, 5, and 6 of the
Drawings. It is therefore unnecessary to repeat the description of such
similar parts. I therefore only specify those remaining parts wherein
the second differs from the first modification. The webs of paper after
having been subjected to the double printing operations in a manner
similar in every respect to that shown and set forth in reference to the
first modification are thereafter led in like manner to revolving delivery
drums G and G¹, Figure 3, and when they are brought into contact
therewith the two edges of each web are seized by grippers (which open
laterally and are of any suitable type) the position of which is shown at
a, a¹, upon the drums G, G¹, it being explained that whilst the position
of the drum G¹ is indicated by a line yet it is fitted with grippers and
other moving parts, similar to those shown on the drum G. Each web
is then drawn onwards and partially wound round cach of the drums G

page_text: and G', until having been carried thereby through a portion of the
revolution of the drums G and G', each web is severed or cut by the action
of serrated knives b', which are at suitable intervals pressed toward the
periphery of the drums G and G¹, in which openings or grooves are
formed, and into which the cutting edge of the knives 6' advance. Each
knife 6' when being pushed forward is actuated by means of a tappet c¹
which is fixed upon a disc ď¹; the said disc d¹ being fixed upon a shaft e¹
and made to revolve therewith at such a velocity as to bring the
tappet c¹ into contact with and push outward a light frame f¹ (to which
the knife is attached) at intervals corresponding to the lengths of
sheets required, and in proportion to the circumference of the type
cylinder. Immediately that the web has been cut in the manner now
described the frame f¹ is pushed backwards by springs, not shown in
the Drawings, to its former position, and whilst in the act of being
so pushed back the cutting edge of the knife is brought into contact
with a brush, or its equivalent, situated in such a position as to ensure
the said contact. By this means any small portions of paper or detached
fibres or dirt that may have adhered to the said cutting edge of the
knife b¹ during the cutting operation are removed and the knife is thus
kept clean for the following cuts. Simultaneously with the cutting of
the web in the manner herein-before described the web is again caught
(close behind where it was severed) by another set of grippers similar
to those already referred to as being situated at a¹ but placed apart
therefrom at a distance equal to the length of the sheets required.
Whilst during the next succeeding instant of time the first set of
grippers, namely, those referred to as situated at a¹ (but which by the
continuous revolving of the drum G are now situated at a²) are released
and the centre of the detached sheet is pushed inwards by means of a
folder g (whose frame and gearing are in every respect similar to the
frame and gearing of the knives ¹) and brought into contact with
travelling tapes by which the sheet is drawn inwards in the direction
indicated by the arrows on the drum G and round the roller h, whence
it is conducted outwards in the direction shown, when its leading end
(that is to say, the middle of the sheet,) having arrived at the point g¹
(which through the continuous revolving of the drum G is now situated
at g2) it is fed out from the tapes in the drum G at the same speed as,
but in an opposite direction to, that in which the periphery of the
drum G is travelling. When the point G' has arrived at the point g³
the sheet is entirely cleared and released from the tapes, and will be

page_text: in the act of falling on to the board h¹, in which act it will be assisted
by a blast of air from within the drum G. The blast of air is caused
(as in the first modification) by a fan or pump in connection with the
fixed pipe t, on which the drums G and G¹ revolve. In the under side
of this pipe t is a slit . As the blow pipes u³, which revolve with the
drums, come alternately opposite this slit a current of air rushes
through the slit into the blow pipes us and out through the per-
forations or slots in that part of the outer casing of the drums G
and G which covers the mouths of the blow pipes u³ at the moment
when the sheets are freed from the tapes inside the drums G and G.
If, however, the weight of the paper used be sufficient to cause the
sheets to fall without any assistance the blast of air may be dispensed
with. The roller / is made to revolve by means of any suitable arrange-
ment of gearing communicating with any of the revolving shafts in the
mechanism; the proportions of the said gearing being such as to cause
the periphery of the roller h to travel at the same velocity as the
periphery of the drum G; by this means the tapes are caused to travel
at the same velocity, and the distance over which they conduct the
sheet is in correspondance with the time which the point g¹ has occupied
in travelling round to the position indicated at 9², or g² to that of g³; by
this means each sheet in succession is accurately delivered in the same
position.
The third modification of the delivery apparatus of my improved print-
ing machine is illustrated by the diagram, Figure 4, and its peculiarity
consists in a parallel delivery arrangement, the application of which to
both sets of sheets is clearly shown upon the Drawing. The web from
the first web roll, after having passed between the first impression and
type or stereotype cylinders, is printed upon one side and carried down-
wards and along the underside of the machine in a manner similar to
what is already specified with reference to the first modification, and
conducted round a carrying roller A', whence it is conducted upwards
and round a corresponding carrying roller A², is thence drawn onward
and round the impression roller E, where it is printed upon the opposite
side; it is then passed between a revolving drum B and a cutting
roller B¹, where it is cut into the desired lengths by a knife, which, with
its gearing, is in every respect similar to that herein-before described,
with reference to the second modification of my improved printing
machine, after which each detached sheet in succession is conducted to a
short series of travelling tapes carried upon the stretching rollers

page_text: a, a¹, a², a³, this said series of tapes being actuated by suitable mechanism
in such a manner that their outer extremity is made to oscillate
between the points 6, 61. By this means one sheet is conducted between
the stretchers 62, 63, and onwards upon the tapes c in the direction
indicated by the arrows to a carrying roller C, thence downwards to
another carrying roller C¹, thence onward in the direction indicated
by the arrows to a point g, whilst the sheet in immediate succession
is conducted between the stretchers e, e¹, and onwards upon the tape f
in the direction indicated by the arrows to the point g, and as the
distance over which the sheet upon the tape c has to travel is greater
by the length of the sheet itself than that over which the other sheet
upon the tape fhas to travel, their ends by this means meet at the
point g, and they are conducted together onwards in the direction
indicated by the arrows until arriving at a point in the series of tapes
situated immediately above the receiving board a* and beneath the
framework (which consists of narrow strips of wood), and which is
attached to the rods c¹ and c, which is actuated through the levers C² by
suitable mechanism in such a way that the frame 6' is depressed between
the tapes, and forces downwards the sheets (held thereby at the edges),
and which drop upon the receiving board a' below.
As will be seen by reference to the diagram, Figure 4, the series of
tapes for the delivery of the second set of sheets, although having their
relative positions slightly changed, yet their mode of action and the
conducting therethrough of the sheets, and the final depositing of them
upon the receiving board * being so similar to that already described
with reference to the first set, and being clearly indicated by the arrows,
it is unnecessary to further specify the operation in detail.
It is to be understood that in any of the herein-before described
modifications of my improved printing machine I do not confine myself
to the arrangement of the series of type and impression cylinders with
their axes placed in a horizontal plane as shown upon the Drawings, but
these may be arranged vertically or at any angle of inclination.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the
system, mode, or manner in or under which the same is or may be used
or practically carried into effect, I would observe in conclusion that what
I consider as novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention
secured to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,―

page_text: First. The arrangement and construction of mechanism for printing
two webs of paper on both of their sides, from a single set of types or
stereotype plates arranged on two cylinders, substantially as herein-before
described.
Second. The use of a blast of air from within the delivery drums to
lay or assist in laying the printed sheets of paper on the receiving boards,
substantially as herein-before described.
Third. The entering of each sheet of paper into a set of tapes arranged
within the delivery drums and causing it to be again led from the drums
folded, as herein-before described and shown at Figure 3 of the appended
Drawings.
Fourth. The mounting of the cutting and folding knives or blades so
that they are impelled outwards from and inwards to the centre on
which they revolve, and the use of a brush or its equivalent for the
purpose of cleaning the cutting knives, as herein-before described.
Fifth. The automatic stopping of the machinery in the event of the
web breaking by means of small rollers resting on the impression
cylinders, and which, when the web breaks, drop into the slots which are
used for fastening the impression cylinder blankets, and thereby shifting
the driving belt from the fast to the loose pulley, as herein-before
described and shown at Figure 6 of the Drawings hereunto appended.
Sixth. The horizontal delivery fly guided by a parallel motion, as
herein-before described and shown at Figure 4 of the Drawings hercunto
appended.
In witness whereof, I, the said Percy David Hedderwick, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of