IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS OF EXTRACTING FAT FROM AND DRYING BONES AND THE LIKE
Year: 1884

page_text: I FRIEDRICH SELTSAM of Forchheim, Bavaria, German Empire, Chemist do
hereby declare the nature of my said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
PROCESS OF EXTRACTING FAT FROM AND DRYING BONES AND THE LIKE" to be as
follows:-
Bones from which the grease has been extracted by the known methods by nid
of benzine, must always be subjected, after extraction, to a drying process in order
to remove all remaining water from them. It is, moreover, impossible even by
repeated washings with liquid benzine to extract all the grease from the bones,
because the water which always remains after the grease has been extracted,
always mechanically holds particles of fat, and prevents the benzine from thoroughly
penetrating the bones. According to my present invention I combine the drying
and extracting process, employing for the extraction of the grease a liquid solvent
whose boiling point is above 100 degrees centigrade, and so conducting the process
of extraction, that by means of the heat imparted by the liquid or gaseous solvent
a complete evaporation is effected of the water contained in the bones, and
consequently the bones are thoroughly dried.
Any of the ordinary apparatuses employed in grease extracting can be made use
of in this process.
The bones from which the grease is to be extracted are placed in an extractor
provided with a perforated bottom, which is connected by a pipo having a stop
cock with a condenser. A steam coil is fixed in the space underneath the perforated
bottom, which serves for heating and evaporating the liquid solvent. I use as a
solvent, those distillation products of petroleum, naphtha, shale oil, pit coal or
brown coal, which boil at a temperature exceeding more or less the boiling point
of water. Commercial qualities which contain under carburets of hydrogen boiling
at below 100 degrees centigrade are rectified by fractional distillation before being
made use of. When the extractor is charged with the requisite quantity of solvent,
the cock of the conducting pipe is closed, and by blowing steam under pressure
through the worm, the heating of the solvent placed in the lower compartment of
the extracting apparatus begins. The volatilized solvent thus formed, rises upwards
and condenses partly on the lower layers of the bones placed in the apparatus,
heating them, and at the same time dissolving the grease. This heat gradually
increases until the bones in the under layers attain a temperature of 100 degrees.
By this time the water contained in the bones begins to evaporate, and escapes

page_text: through the upper layers of bones together with the uncondensed vapour of the
solvent to the condenser, where the steam of the water and vapour of the solvent
enter, and are condensed, and gather in the receptacle.
The specifically lighter solvent is conducted back to the extracting apparatus.
By this process the heat required for the evaporation of the water is drawn from
the solvent, whereby a condensing of the same and at the same time a more perfect
extraction of the grease is attained. The methods hitherto adopted for grease
extracting have utilized only the amount of heat necessary for the heating of the
bones for the condensation of the steam. But as this amount of heat is altogether
insufficient it has been found necessary to cool the extractor artificially by cir-
culating water in or around the apparatus, or a partial condensation of the solvent
is obtained by quick evaporation by means of reduced pressure, or by injecting cold
benzine. These remedies can be entirely dispensed with in the new process which
becomes thus much simpler.
The operation above described is continued until all the water is removed from
the bones. As a rule the extract
which still adheres to the bones
by aid of steain under pressur
temperature of over 100 degrees
removal of the solvent. Bones
the removal of the solvent, and
They contain at the most only traces of grease while by the methods hitherto
adopted for extracting 1 per cent to 2/2 per cent of fat generally remains; and
further they do not need any breaking up beforehand, and can be removed to the
extracting apparatus in the same state as they were conveyed to the factory,
because with the removal of the water from the bones the extraction of the grease
is considerably facilitated. Besides the bones become much more brittle by the
complete removal of the water and fat and can therefore be broken up more easily.
As by the process above described the sulphur and nitrogen compounds present
in the bones are carried away and condensed with the grease extracted from the
bones instead of remaining behind as with bones containing water, so on the
removal of the bones from the extraction apparatus as well as by their further
treatment the workmen and the neighbourhood of the factory experience no
annoyance, as the dried bones leave the extracting apparatus free from all smell.
Lastly by this new process an advantage is gained for by the subsequent
extraction of the gelatino a more valuable product is obtained, for the bones which
are dried according to the new process contain no grease, and the glue is thus not
contaminated by fatty substances.
of the grease is now complete and the solvent
riven off according to the well known method
As the bones by being dried have attained a
impossible for the steam to condenso on the
The new drying process thus procures a better yield of grease and glue, an
important simplification of the manufacture besides considerable advantages from
a sanitary point of view.
It is self evident from the above described process that other oleaginous
substances can be treated in the manner described. This process can also be
worked at the ordinary as well as at higher or lower pressure.
WM P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Per J. O. O'Brien,
Of 6, Lord Street, Liverpool,
Patent Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: I, FRIEDRICH SELTSAM, Forcheim, Bavaria Germany, Chemist do hereby declare
the nature of my said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS. IN THE PROCESS OF
EXTRACTING FAT FROM AND DRYING BONES AND THE LIKE." and in what manner
the same is be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
Bones from which the grease has been extracted by the known methods, by aid
of benzine, must always be subjected after extraction to a drying process, in order
to remove all remaining water from them. It is moreover impossible even by
repeated washings with liquid benzine, to extract all the grease from the bones, .
because the water which remains after the grease has been extracted, always
mechanically holds particles of fat, and prevents the benzine from thoroughly
penetrating the bones. According to my present invention I combine the drying
and extracting process, employing for the extraction of the grease a liquid solvent,
whose boiling point is above 100 degrees centigrade, and so conducting the process
of extraction, that by means of the heat imparted by the liquid or gaseous solvent,
a complete evaporation is effected of the water contained in the bones, and
consequently the bones are thoroughly dried.
Any of the ordinary apparatuses employed in grease extracting, can be made
use of in this process. A suitable apparatus is represented in the accompanying
drawing.
The bones from which the grease is to be extracted are placed in an extractor A,
provided with a porforated bottom a, communicating by a pipe b, having a stop
cock d, with a condenser B. A steam coil is fixed in the space underneath the
perforated bottom a which serves for heating and evaporating the liquid solvent
introduced through pipe g. I use as a solvent those distillation products of
petroleum, naphtha, shale oil, pit coal, brown coal and the like, which boil at a
temperature exceeding more or less the boiling point of water. Commercial
qualities which contain hydrocarbons boiling at below 100 degrees centigrade, are
rectified by fractional distillation, before being made use of. After the bones
are placed in the extractor, it is charged with the requisite quantity of solvent, the
cock of the conducting pipe g is closed, and on blowing steam under pressure
through the coil f, the heating of the solvent placed in the lower compartment of
the extracting apparatus begins. The volatilised solvent thus formed rises upwards,
and condenses partly on the lower layers of the bones placed in A, heating them,
and at the same time dissolving the grease. This heat gradually increases until
the bones in the under layers attain a temperature of 100 degrees centigrade.
By this time the water contained in the bones begins to evaporate, and escapes
through the upper layers of bones, together with the uncondensed vapor of the
solvent through pipe b to the condenser B where the steam of the water and vapor
of the solvent enter and are condensed, and gather in the receptacle D.
The specifically lighter solvent is conducted back through pipe to the
extracting apparatus.
By this process the heat required for the evaporation of the water is drawn
from the solvent, whereby greater condensation of the same among the bones and
consequently more perfect extraction of the grease, is attained. By the methods

page_text: hitherto adopted for grease extracting, only the amount of heat necessary for the
heating of the bones has been taken from the solvent and consequently the con-
densation of the same was very limited. But as this amount of condensation is
altogether insufficient, it has been found necessary to cool the extractor artificially,
by circulating water in or around the apparatus, or a partial condensation of the
solvent is obtained, by quick evaporation,-by means of reduced pressure, or by
injecting cold benzine. These remedies can be entirely dispensed with in the new
process which becomes thus much simpler.
The operation above described is continued until all the water is removed from
the bones. As a rulo the extraction of the grease is now complete, and the solvent
which still adheres to the bones, is driven off according to the well known method,
by aid of steam under pressure. As the bones by being dried have attained a
temperature of over 100 degrees, it is impossible for the steam to condense on the
removal of the solvent. Bones treated in this manner are completely dry after
the removal of the solvent and can be conveyed direct to the crushing machine.
They contain at the most only traces of grease, while by the methods hitherto
adopted for extracting, 1 per cent to 2 per cent of fat generally remains; and
further they do not need any breaking up beforehand, and can be removed to the
extracting apparatus in the same state, as they were conveyed to the factory,
because with the removal of the water from the bones the extraction of the grease
is considerably facilitated. Besides the bones become much more brittle, by the
complete removal of the water and fat, and can therefore be broken up more
casily.
As by the process above described, the sulphur and nitrogen compounds present
in the bones are carried away and condensed with the grease, instead of remaining
behind as with bones containing water, so on the removal of the bones from the
extraction apparatus, as well as by their further treatment, the workmen and the
neighbourhood of the factory experience no more annoyance, as the dried bones
leave the extracting apparatus free from disagreeable smell.
Lastly by this new process an advantage is gained, in that by the subsequent
extraction of the gelatine, a more valuable product is obtained; for the bones
which are dried according to the new process contain no grease, and the glue is
thus not contaminated by fatty substances.
The new drying process thus procures a better yield of grease and glue, an
important simplification of the manufacture, besides considerable advantages from
a sanitary point of view.
It is self-evident from the above described process, that other oleaginous
substances can be treated in the manner described. This process can also be
worked at the ordinary as well as at higher or lower pressure.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
The process for the simultaneous removal of moisture and extraction of fatty
matter from bones and other substances containing oil or grease by treatment
with a liquid solvent for fats, having a boiling point exceeding 100 degrees
centigrade substantially as described.