Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 25th May, 1887
Complete Left, 22nd Feb., 1888
Complete Accepted, 27th Apr., 1888
I LOUIS SEPULCHRE, of Herstal near Liège in the Kingdom of Belgium, Manu-
facturer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in lighting and heating by mineral oils
having for object to remove the burners away from their feeding reservoirs placing
them in connection therewith by conduits or tubes in which the mineral oil circulates
in a very fine thread under pressure; to tap or draw from these conduits at any point
or at any level and to establish a constant level for the oil necessary for one or several
burners; to be enabled to detach or attach and fit a burner, a group of burners or a
whole branch of these conduits at one of their branching off joints or junctions
without arresting the feeding of other burners or the general circulation of the oil;
to be enabled to light these burners without removing either their globes or their
chimneys; finally to feed lighting apparatuses, suspended by counterweights by
means of a flexible conduit or tube.
The circulation of the mineral oil under pressure in the conduit is obtained either
by the position of the reservoir at a higher level than the burners, or by a pump
forcing the petroleum into the pipes. The conduit may ramify or separate into
branches and feed upon each branch a burner or a group of burners.
1. To feed a group of burners, I fit upon the conduit the distributing apparatus
represented Figures 1 and 1 of the accompanying drawing. The object of this
apparatus is to give passage, from the conduit to the burners, to only the exact quantity
of mineral oil required, and to automatically close the orifice of the passage directly
the burners are extinguished. Now, to obtain the perfect closing of this orifice,
whatever may be the strength of the pressure of the liquid, I employ this pressure
itself, a process not hitherto applied with this object and which has the privilege of
overcoming the pressure by itself, in such a way that the closing apparatus or valve
(hereinafter terined the obturator) upon which it acts, is the more pressed upon the
orifice the more the oil tends to escape. This powerful compression of the obturator
upon the orifice is necessitated by the extreme fluidity of mineral oils. The pressure
of the liquid acts equally upon all parts of my obturator, moved freely by this

page_text: pressure, and thenceforth in order that the closing may be ensured and perfect it is
only requisite that the material of the obturator or that of the edge of the orifice
upon which it bears should be compressible.
As regards the strength of the pressure I have at disposal, it is sufficient to observe
that a column of petroleum of less than 13 metres in height produces a pressure of
one atmosphere, that is to say 1 Kil .033 for each square centimetre of the obdurator;
a column 3 metres 25 in height therefore puts at my disposal a force of a quarter of
an atmosphere. This being established in order to characterise my process of closing,
I will describe the distributing apparatus which is shown Fig. 1 as it is manufactured,
that is to say ready to be used-C, is the end of a conduit which brings the mineral
oil under pressure. S, is the obturator with its rod t which engages in the orifice o
and which is guided at g.
The apparatus being represented ready to work, the obturator S is drawn resting by
its weight upon the collar or flange of the tube C.-o is the orifice by which the
mineral oil passes to go to the burners by the tubes A A ;-This orifice is made in the
lower side of a casing R enclosing a counterweight P-This counterweight is a body
of such weight as to counter balance and more than counterbalance the force of the
pressure of the liquid. I use as counterweight, in order that its volume may be as
much reduced as possible, a body of a density at least equal, but preferably superior
to the density of the mineral oil utilised; for example, in my experiments I have
made use of a counterweight of green beech wood which, plunged into the mineral
oil fell to the bottom; its specific weight was about 0.900. When the mineral oil
arrives in C under pressure, the obturator S has a tendency to close the orifice o, but
this latter is kept open by the counterweight P, against which the rod t of the obturator
strikes and the mineral oil enters into the casing R of the counterweight and spreads
in the feed conduits A A of the burners the wick holders of which, placed level
with the casing R fill with oil at the same time as R. However, accordingly as the
mineral oil rises around the counterweight P, this latter loses a portion of its weight
equal in quantity to the weight of the volume of oil which its submerged part
replaces, and the obturator S, moved by the pressure of the liquid, drives back the
counterweight and gradually approaches the orifice o. When, finally, the counter-
weight P has lost by immersion so much weight that the preponderance belongs to
the action of the pressure of the liquid upon the obtuorator S, this latter completely
drives back the counterweight, Fig. 1 and automatically closes the orifice o.
liquid is then ostablished, both in the wick-holders of the burners and in the case R
of the counterweight P, at a fixed level which it will henceforth maintain. If, in
fact, the burners are lit and consume mineral oil, the level slightly lowers, but it
reestablishes itself directly and unceasingly by the partial opening of the orifice o
which takes place directly the counterweight, less immersed, has again acquired a
weight preponderating the strength of the pressure of the liquid. Thus when the
burners are burning a supply of oil is established exactly equal to the consumption,
and this supply ceases directly the burners are extinguished. If the pressure of the
oil in the conduit C is very weak, the action of this pressure may be strengthened by
a spring R arranged beneath the obturator S, as shewn Fig. 3º.
The
II. To give access, when required, to the obturator S and also to avoid the incon-
veniences consequent upon the soldering of the box which encloses this obturator
(soldering which might burn derange or damage the delicate parts contained within
it and intended to operate the closing), I preferably lodge the obturator S in a box
opening and closing by screw; one part / forming part of the case R of the counter-
weight P; the other part K is fixed to the conduit C and I join them by means of a
nut or screw coupling m. To ensure tightness, a joint or washer J is compressed
between these two parts; in this case, and preferably, the orifice o is made in the
compressible matter which serves for tight joint between two parts of the box. By
this combination, the oil distributing apparatus instead of being soldered to the oil
conduit C, is screwed to it and may be easily detached.
But in order to be able to separate it therefrom, in case of need, without spilling
oil, I adjoin to the box, which I have just described, immediately following it upon the

page_text: conduit C, a second similar box, Fig. 3, that is to say also enclosing an obturator S
which the pressure of the liquid compresses upon a tight joint or washer to shut
off admission of oil by the orifice o¹. The rod t of the obturator S₁ bears on the
obturator S so that the closing, and consequently also the opening is simultaneous ; or
the rod t¹ is an extension of the rod t through the obturator S to the obturator S¹, so
that the obturator S cannot move without the obturator S¹.
By this addition of a second box enclosing a second obturator, the entire distributing
apparatus with everything attached to it may easily and without waste of oil be
detached from the oil conduit C, this latter remaining meanwhile in full service for
other burners. The obturator S₁ becomes free, and moved by the pressure of the
liquid has in fact also closed automatically the orifice o. If the pressure of the liquid
in the conduit C should be insufficient to ensure the automatic closing by the obturator
or obturators, 1 compensate this insufficiency of pressure by applying a spring R¹,
represented Fig. 3* in its simultaneous and direct action upon the two obturators.
A similar arrangement serves to unite two oil conduit pipes so that in case of need
there may be separated from the main conduit the pipe attached to and fed from it
without interrupting the service of the general circulation of oil and without spilling ;
this arrangement is shown Fig. 4.-At the end of the main conduit C is fitted a box
with obturator S¹¹ as above described; second box is attached thereto and is itself
attached to the following pipe C-only this second box, a part of which is dependent
upon the pipe C¹, does not contain an obturator, but encloses attached either to the
collar or flange of the pipe C¹, or at the joint 1 (considerably widened in its centre)
a tappet or striker q passing through the centre, of the oil passage without inter-
cepting the oil. Directly the pipe C¹ is screwed and fixed to the main conduit (as
just described) this striker uplifts, by the aid of the rod t", the obturator S" and
keeps the communication free between C and C. This communication ceases and
the obturator S automatically closes the oil conduit directly the pipe ("is detached
together with the striker q. Fig. 4* represents the end of a conduit closed in this
way and prepared to receive an extension.
III. In Fig. 3, 5, 5b, my distributing apparatus is represented in its direct
application to any kind of burners, either to a burner with one or several flat wicks,
to a circular burner with rounded flat wick, or to a circular burner with circular wick
and central current of air. In these various arrangements, the oil is brought under
pressure in C directly to the burner. The obturator S and the parts appertaining
thereto are arranged as in the distributing apparatus for a group of burners (Figs. 1,
1, 2, 3). The shape and the arrangement of the counterweights P however
vary
with the application because the counterweight borrows for casing the wick case of
the burner itself. Thus, Fig. 5*, the counterweight occupies the hollow central part R
of the wick case of an ordinary circular burner; its contact with the wick is prevented
and its free play insured by means of a perforated partition E which surrounds
the wick.
In the combination with a burner having two flat wicks (Fig. 5) the counterweight P
is arranged around the wicks closed in a perforated case E¹. The arrangement would
be the same for a burner with one flat wick or with three flat wicks.
In Fig. 5b the same kind of counterweight is represented in its application to a
burner with circular wick and central air current ;-only, in this case, the per-
forated partition for preventing contact of the wick with the counterweight P
is useless, because the wick is fixed on the central air tube and cannot interfere with
the play of the counterweight.
The access of oil to the burners, instead of being central, may also take place
laterally. Figs. 5 and 5d represent in vertical section (at A' B₁ Fig. 5d) and in.
horizontal section (at C D Fig. 5) in its application to a burner with circular wick,
and Fig. 5 in its details, a distributing apparatus constructed according to an
absolutely different method, that is to say working by means of a float F acting by a
forked lever L. In all burners as well as for those here represented, the float, as
light as possible, is placed outside the wick, surrounded by a perforated casing, in a
small reservoir sufficient to. permit the play of a somewhat powerful lever and that of

page_text: the float which governs it and must therefore travel a considerable distance from top
to bottom. The oil enters laterally into this reservoir G.
The orifice o is, in the present case where the pressure is not utilised and acts as
opposing force, as narrow as possible, p is the passage by which the petroleum has
issue in the wick reservoir. In a tube n, tapped and fitted to the collar or flange of
the conduit C, is introduced the valve G¹ the metallic packing of which is screw.
threaded and terminates by a stud u attaching the lever L. This lever L is so
arranged that it closes or opens the valve, accordingly as it is lifted or lowered by the
float F.
IV. Figure 6 represents a hanging lighting apparatus with central burner and
reflector. The burner B₁ is provided with a mechanism for automatical admission of
oil. The oil arrives in the burner by the supporting branch C of the apparatus,
into which it is brought from the reservoir A¹ by a union D¹ serving at the same
time as support to the receiver or reservoir on the branch of the hanging lamp. This
annular receiver A¹ is fitted around the reflector which it supports by an inner flange,
and which screens it from the heating rays of the flame. The supply of oil, estab-
lished at a level above the burner, may also feed this latter to the last drop. Other
burners may branch off laterally and feed in the same way from the same receiver,
either directly, or indirectly by the supporting branches C.
V. The Figures 7 and 7, two views, and 7 section at E¹ F¹ represent a burner
provided with an apparatus permitting lighting without removal of the chimney, or of
the Globe. This apparatus is composed of three rods n', which are attached to the
gallery or glass holder z at p¹, pass through the guides 9', descend parallel with the
wick case traverse, attaching themselves thereto, the rod m' and bend beneath to
form a slide upon the wick case. When this contrivance is uplifted and, with it, the
glass holder, the chimney etc., the ring m¹ meets three springs, which it compresses
and passes beyond and upon which it then rests supporting the whole apparatus and
exposing the wick which may then be lit.
Figures 8 and 8° represent another stop arrangement for the slide m¹ n¹ consisting
of a catch or cam (Fig. 8 front view; Fig. 8 section at G¹ H₁ the catch been seen
from beneath; Fig. 85 section at K' L' the catch seen from above and Fig. 8° view
from the right side of the catch at the moment when the ring m³ comes into contact
with it). This stop apparatus is composed of a catch or cam pivoting around an
axle soldered to the wick tube. This catch has, in its entire height, an outer heli-
coidal face i. Towards the left Fig. 8, this helicoidal face is divided, in its entire
height, and extends in two curvilineal surfaces s and s¹ of different radius, of which s
projects as regards s¹. At rest, the part on the right of the axle y is away from the
wick tube, whereas the part on the left of y is in contact with this tube. When the
ring m is pushed upward, Fig. 8, it slides on the helicoidal face i and pushes
the right part of the catch against the wick tube; meanwhile, the ring m³ has
passed beyond the curvilineal faces, and this latter (as well as all the left side of the
catch) moves further and further away from the wick tube and reaches the maximum
distance from this tube when the ring m¹ reaches the upper level of the catch. Then,
the curvilineal faces has placed itself under the ring m¹ which it keeps in place,
while the faces comes in contact with the inner face of the ring m¹. To lower the
apparatus the handle or knob of the catch is pressed upon ; by this pressure, the
ring m³, moved by the helicoidal face slightly lowers and places itself in front of
the faces. Then, it is only necessary to push the ring m¹ downward to cause the
descent of the whole apparatus.
VI Figs. 9. 9 and 9b relate to special arrangements of feeding by a general
conduit, applicable to constant level lighting apparatuses hung by counterweights.
In Figs. 9 and 9* C is the general oil conduit; B is a feed tube wound spirally
around or at the side of the suspension and which is attached to one of the supports D
of the burner or to the burner itself, provided with a few regulating apparatus.
When the lamp is lowered, the feed tube stretches and the spiral elongates, when the
lamp is raised again the spiral contracts.
In Fig. 9 the feed tube B is a spiral of hard copper, forming spring, attached to

page_text: the tube supports by the plate P M and feeding the burner. The fixed plate PF
carries a rod C R which descends vertically, passes through the plate P M by a
suitable opening, forms rack on part of its length and carries the smoke bell at its
lower end. If the lamp is pulled down the spring B lengthens and, to fix the lamp,
the edge of the opening of the plate P M may be engaged in the rack, which is easy,
because of the rigidity of the suspension the supports of which are of one piece
from the burner to the plate P. M.
The use of the same contrivance (the teeth of the rack being however reversed,
upward) may be applied when the spiral conduit B is of soft metal and does not
form a spring.
Cal
T
1007

page_text: Improvements in Lighting and Heating by Mineral Oils.
I LOUIS SEPULCHRE, of Herstal near Liege in the Kingdom of Belgium,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
at
This invention relates to improvements in lighting and heating by mineral oils
having for object to remove the burners away from their feeding reservoirs placing
them in connection therewith by conduits or tubes in which the mineral oil circulates
in a fine thread under pressure; to tap or draw from these conduits at any point or
any level and to establish a constant level for the oil necessary for one or several
burners; to be enabled to detach or attach and fit a burner, a group of burners, or a
whole branch of these conduits at one of their branching off points or junctions
without arresting the feeding of other burners or the general circulation of the oil;
to be enabled to light these burners without removing either their globes or their
chimneys; finally to feed lighting apparatuses suspended by counterweight, by means
of a flexible conduit or tube.
The circulation of the mineral oil under pressure in the conduit is obtained either
by the position of the reservoir at a higher level than the burners, or by a pump
forcing the petroleum into the pipes. The conduit may ramify or separate into
branches and feed upon each branch a burner or a group of burners.
I. To feed a group of burners, I fit upon the the conduit the distributing apparatus
represented Figures 1 and 1" of the drawings left with the provisional specification.
The object of this apparatus is to give passage, from the conduit to the burners, to
only the exact quantity of mineral oil required, and to automatically close the orifice
of the passage directly the burners are extinguished-Now, to obtain the perfect
closing of this orifice, whatever may be the strength of the pressure of the liquid, I
employ this pressure itself, a process not hitherto applied with this object and which
has the privilege of overcoming the pressure by itself, in such a way that the closing
apparatus or valve (hereinafter termed the obturator) upon which it acts, is the
more pressed upon the orifice the more the oil tends to escape. This powerful
compression of the obturator upon the orifice is necessitated by the extreme fluidity
of mineral oils. The pressure of the liquid acts equally upon all parts of my obturator,
moved freely by this pressure, and thenceforth in order that the closing may be
ensured and perfect it is only requisite that the material of the obturator or that of
the edge of the orifice upon which it bears should be compressible.
As regards the strength of the pressure I have at disposal, it is sufficient to observe
that a column of petroleum of less than 13 metres in height produces a pressure of one
atmosphere, that is to say 1 kil .033 for each square centimeter of the obdurator; a
column 3 metres 25 in height therefore puts at my disposal a force of a quarter of an
atmosphere. This being established, in order to characterise my process of closing, I
will describe the distributing apparatus which is shown Fig. 1 as it is manufactured,
that is to say ready to be used-C, is the end of a conduit or passage which brings
the mineral oil under pressure. S, is the valve round the. obturator with its rod or

page_text: spindle t which engages in the orifice O and which is guided at 9. The apparatus being
represented ready to work, the obturate S is drawn resting by its weight upon the
collar or flange of the tube Co is the orifice by which the mineral oil passes to go
to the burners by the tubes A A:-This orifice is made in the lower side of a
casing R enclosing a counterweight P-This counterweight is a body of such weight
as to counterbalance and more than counterbalance the force of the pressure of the
liquid. I use as counterweight, in order that its volume may be as much reduced as
possible, a body of a density about equal, but preferably superior to the density of
the mineral oil utilised; for example, in my experiments I have made use of a
counterweight of green beech wood which, plunged into the mineral oil fell to the
bottom; its specific weight was about 0,900. When the mineral oil arrives in C
under pressure, the obturator S has a tendency to close the orifice o, but this latter is
kept open by the counterweight P, against which the rod t of the obturator strikes,
and the mineral oil enters into the casing R, of the counterweight and spreads in the
feed conduits A A of the burners, the wick holders of which placed level with the
casing R, fill with oil at the same time as R. However, accordingly as the mineral oil
rises around the counterweight P, this latter loses a portion of its weight equal in
quantity to the weight of the volume of oil which its submerged part replaces, and
the obturate S, moved by the pressure of the liquid, drives back the counterweight
and gradually approaches the orifice o. When, finally, the counterweight P has lost
by immersion, so much weight that the preponderance belongs to the action of the
pressure of the liquid upon the obturator S, this latter completely drives back the
counterweight, Fig. 1 and automatically closes the orifice o. The liquid is then
established, both in the wick-holders of the burners and in the case R of the counter-
weight P, at a fixed level which it will henceforth maintain. If, in fact, the burners
are lit and consume mineral oil, the level slightly lowers, but it reestablishes itself
directly and unceasingly by the partial opening of the orifice o which takes place
directly the counterweight, less immersed, has again acquired a weight preponderating
the strength of the pressure of the liquid. Thus, when the burners are burning, a
supply of oil is established exactly equal to the consumption, and this supply ceases
directly the burners are extinguished. If the pressure of the oil in the conduit
very weak, or if the circumstances require a seat of very sınall diameter for the
obturator the action of this pressure may be strengthened by a spring R¹ arranged
beneath the obturator S (as shown Fig. 3).
is
II. To give access, when required, to the obturator S and also to avoid the
inconveniences consequent upon the soldering of the box which encloses this obturator
(soldering which might burn, derange or damage the delicate parts contained within
it and intended to operate the closing), I preferably lodge the obturator S in a box
opening and closing by screw-one part h forms part of the case R of the counter-
weight P; the other part K is fixed to the conduit C and I join them by means of a
nut or screw coupling m.
To ensure tightness, a joint or washer J is compressed between these two parts.
By this combination, the oil distributing apparatus instead of being soldered to the
oil conduit C, is screwed to it and may be easily detached.
But in order to be able to separate it therefrom, in case of need, without spilling
oil, I adjoin to the box, which I have just described, immediately following it upon
the conduit C, a second similar box, Fig. 3, that is to say also enclosing an obturator S¹
which the pressure of the liquid compresses upon a tight joint or washer J¹ to shut
off admission of oil by the orifice o¹. The rod or spindle t of the obturator S¹ bears
on the obturator S so that the closing, and consequently also the opening, is
simultaneous; or the rod t' is an extension of the rod t through the obturator S to
the obturator S', so that the obturator S cannot move without the obturator S¹. By
this addition of a second box enclosing a second obturator, the entire distributing
apparatus, with everything attached to it, may easily and without waste of oil
be detached from the oil conduit C, this latter remaining meanwhile in full service
for other burners.
The obturator. S' become free, and moved by the pressure of the liquid has.in fact

page_text: also closed automatically the orifice o. If the pressure of the liquid in the
conduit C should be insufficient to ensure the automatic closing by the obturator
or obturators, I compensate this insufficiency of pressure by applying a spring R¹,
represented Fig. 3* in its simultaneous and direct action upon the two obturators.
A similar arrangement serves to unite two oil conduit pipes so that in case of need
these may be separated from the main conduit the pipe attached to and fed from it,
without interrupting the service of the general circulation of oil and without spilling ;
this arrangement is shown Fig. 4.
At the end of the main conduit C is fitted a box with obturator S₁ as above
described; a second box is attached thereto and is itself attached to the following
pipe C only this second box, a part of which is dependent upon the pipe C³, does
not contain an obturator, but encloses attached either to the collar or flange of the
pipe C or at the joint (considerably widened in its centre) a tappet stop or
striker q passing through the centre of the oil passage without intercepting the oil.
Directly the pipe C is screwed and fixed to the main conduit (as just described) this
striker uplifts, by the aid of the rod t", the obturator S" and keeps the communication
free between C and C¹. This communication ceases and the obturator Su
automatically closes the oil conduit directly the pipe C₁ is detached together with
the striker q. Fig. 4* represents the end of a conduit closed in this way and prepared
to receive an extension.
The arrangement Fig. 4 of the drawings left with the provisional Specification may
be simplified by omitting one of the boxes, as shown Fig. 4b of the accompanying
sheet of Drawings; to effect this the seating joint J" is fixed in the box by means of
a screw washer Jiv
By eliminating the stop or striker q and replacing it by an arrangement of valve
or obturator S with seat J", the whole reversed, so that the rods till come into
contact and are driven back by the screwing of the single coupling m¹¹, an arrange-
ment is obtained permitting the opening and closing at will and without overflow of
oil, of two contiguous ends of the conduits. But as in this case a sufficient pressure
cannot be produced upon the valve or obturator excepting upon the entering side, at
least one spring R₁ must be used, acting on the obturator S Fig. 4°.
most cases it will be preferable to use springs R' acting on each of the valves or
obturators.
In
III. In Figs. 5. 55° my distributing apparatus is represented in its direct application
to any kind of burners, either to a burner with one or several flat wicks, to a circular
burner with rounded flat wick, or to a circular burner with circular wick and central
current of air. In these various arrangements, the oil is brought under pressure in C,
directly to the burner. The obturator S and the parts appertaining thereto are
arranged as in the distributing apparatus for a group of burners (Figs. 1, 1, 2, 3).
The shape and the arrangement of the counterweights P vary however with the
application, because the counterweight borrows for casing the wick case of the burner
itself. Thus, Fig. 5*, the counterweight occupies the hollow central part R of the
wick case of an ordinary circular burner, its contact with the wick is prevented and
its free play ensured by means of a perforated partition E which surrounds
the wick.
In the combination with a burner having two flat wicks (Fig. 5) the counter-
weight P is arranged around the wicks enclosed in a perforated case E¹.-The
arrangement would be the same for a burner with one flat wick or with three flat
wicks.
In Fig. 5b the same kind of counterweight is represented in its application to a
burner with circular wick and central air current: only, in this case, the perforated
partition for preventing contact of the wick with the counterweight P is useless,
because the wick is fixed on the central air tube and cannot interfere with the play of
the counterweight. The access of oil to the burners, instead of being central, may
also take place laterally-Figs. 5° and 5ª represent in vertical section (at A' B¹
Fig. 5) and in horizontal section (at C D¹ Fig. 5) in its application to a burner
with circular wick, and Fig. 5°, in its details, a distributing apparatus constructed

page_text: according to an absolutely different method, that is to say working by means of a
float F acting by a forked lever L. For all burners as well as for those here
represented, the float, as light as possible, is placed outside the wick, surrounded by a
perforated casing, in a small reservoir sufficient to permit the play of a somewhat
powerful lever and that of the float which governs it, and must therefore travel
a considerable distance from top to bottom. The oil enters laterally into this
reservoir G.
The orifice o is, in the present case where the pressure is not utilised and acts as
opposing force, as narrow as possible; p is the passage by which the petroleum has
issue in the wick reservoir. In a tube n, tapped and fitted to the collar or flange of
the conduit C, is introduced the valve G¹ the metallic packing of which is screw
threaded and terminates by a stud U (Fig. 5) attaching the lever L. This lever L
is so arranged that it closes or opens the valve, accordingly as it is lifted or lowered
by the float F.
IV. Figure 6 represents a hanging lighting apparatus with central burner and
reflector. The burner B' is provided with a mechanism for automatical admission of
oil. The oil arrives in the burner by the supporting branch C of the apparatus, into
which it is brought from the reservoir A' by a union D¹ serving at the same time as
support to the receiver or reservoir on the branch of the hanging lamp. This annular
receiver A is fitted around the reflector which it supports by an inner flange, and
which screens it from the heating rays of the flame. The supply of oil, established
at a level above the burner, may also feed this latter to the last drop. Other burners
may branch off laterally and feed in the same way from the same receiver, either
directly or indirectly, by the supporting branches ; but I do not claim the arrange-
ment of this oil receiver or reservoir.
V. The figures 7 and 7* two views, and 7° section at E¹ F¹, represent a burner
provided with an apparatus permitting lighting without removal of the chimney, or
of the Globe. This apparatus is composed of three rods n³, which are attached to the
gallery or glass holder z at p¹, pass through the guides gi descend parallel with the
wick case, traverse, attaching themselves thereto, the ring m' and bend beneath to
form a slide upon the wick case. When this device is uplifted and, with it, the
Glassholder, the chimney etc., the ring m¹ meets three springs r¹ which it compresses
and passes beyond and upon which it then rests supporting the whole apparatus and
exposing the wick, which may then be lit.
Figures 8 and 8 represent another stop arrangement for the slide m¹ n¹ consisting
of a catch or cam (Fig. 8 front view; Fig. 8" section at G₁ H³, the catch being seen
from beneath; Fig. 85 section at K¹ L', the catch seen from above, and Fig. 8° view
from the right side of the catch at the moment when the ring m¹ comes into contact
with it.) This stop apparatus is composed of a catch or cam a pivoting around an
axle soldered to the wick tube. This catch has, in its entire height, an outer helicoidal
face i-Towards the left, Fig. 8, this helicoidal face is divided, in its entire height,
and extends in two curvilineal surfaces s and s¹ of different radius, of which s
projects as regards. At rest, the part on the right of the axle y is away from the
wick tube, whereas the part on the left of y is in contact with this tube. When the
ring mis pushed upward, Fig. 8, it slides on the helicoidal face i and pushes
the right part of the catch against the wick tube; meanwhile, the ring in has
passed beyond the curvilineal face s, and this latter (as well as all the left side of the
catch) moves further and further away from the wick tube and reaches the maximum
distance from this tube when the ring m¹ reaches the upper level of the catch. Then,
the curvilineal faces, has placed itself under the ring m¹ which it keeps in place,
while the faces comes in contact with the inner face of the ring m¹. To lower the
apparatus, the handle, or knob v of the catch is pressed upon; by this pressure, the
ring m moved by the helicoidal face i slightly lowers and places itself in front of
the faces. Then, it is only necessary to push the ring m¹ downward to cause the
descent of the whole apparatus..
Vl. Figs. 9, 9, and 9 relate to special arrangements of feeding by a general
conduit, applicable to constant level lighting apparatuses hung by counterweights.

page_text: In Figs. 9 and 98, C is the general oil conduit ; B is a feed tube wound spirally
around, or at the side, of the suspension and which is attached to one of the supports D
of the burner, or to the burner itself, provided with a feed regulating apparatus.
When the lamp is lowered, the feed tube stretches and the spiral elongates, when the
lamp is raised again the spiral contracts.
In Fig. 96, the feed tube B is a spiral of hard copper, forming spring, attached to
the tube supports by the plate P M and feeding the burner. The fixed plate P F
carries a rod CR which descends vertically, passes through the plate P M by a
suitable opening, forms rack on part of its length and carries the smoke bell at its
lower end. If the lamp is pulled down the spring B lengthens and, to fix the lamp,
the edge of the opening of the plate P M may be engaged in the rack, which is easy,
because of the rigidity of the suspension the supports of which are of one piece from
the burner to the plate P M.
The use of the same contrivance or device (the teeth of the rack being however
reversed upward,) may be applied when the spiral conduit B is of soft metal and does
not form a spring.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed what I claim is :-
1. At the end of a mineral oil conduit in which this liquid circulates under pressure,
or at a branch of this conduit, the establishment of the liquid at a constant level by
means of a valve or obturator S closing the admission orifice o by the pressure of the liquid
itself with or without the aid of a spring R-and opening it by a counterweight P,
the weight of which is superior to that of the pressure of the liquid, but the density
of which is such that, immersed to a certain extent in the liquid, it loses sufficient of
its weight to permit the automatic closing of the inlet orifice.
2. A valve or obturator box, in two pieces, the one k soldered to the oil conduit or
passage, the other h soldered to the distributing apparatus, joined by a sleeve or
coupling m, between which pieces and h, a plate of compressible matter serves
simultaneously as joint to the pieces k and h and as seat to the obturator S.
3. The combination of two valve or obturator boxes, similar to those claimed in
claim 2, immediately following each other in connection with the distributing
apparatus; the valves or obturators S and S₁ working simultaneously under the
pressure of the liquid and of the counterweight P.
4. The union of two mineral oil conduit pipes by means of :-
a) Two consecutive boxes, analogous to those claimed by my second claim, one
of which contains a valve or obturator S", whereas the other encloses a stop or
striker q so arranged that the obturator S", kept open by the stop or striker
closes by the simple pressure of the liquid directly the box with stop or striker is
detached ;
9,
b)-A box, closed by a single coupling or sleeve m", in conjunction or with a
movable support JV, for the seating-joint J" of the valve or obturator S¹¹, the
rod of which meets a stop or striker q which drives it back under the action
of the screwing up of the coupling m¹¹ Fig. 4b;
c)-A box, closed by a single coupling m¹¹, but enclosing two valves or obturators,
arranged in inverse direction, the rods or spindles of which are driven back
simultaneously by the screwing up of the coupling and thus open communication
between the tubes C and C', whereas by the unscrewing of the coupling m", the
valves or obturators close the passages or conduits Cand C¹ automatically under
the action of the pressure of the liquid, or of the springs Fig. 4°.
5. The immediate access, of the mineral oil under pressure, to any kind of burner
at the same time as the direct establishment of the oil at a constant level within the
burner itself, by the combination of the burner with a valve or obturator opening and
closing automatically under the influence either of the pressure of the oil counter-
balanced by a weight P lodged in the burner, or by a lever L moved by a float F,
both also lodged in the burner.
6. A device permitting the lighting of a burner without removing its chimney,

page_text: consisting in a slide m' arranged and guided on the wick case and attached to the gallery
or glass holder by the rods n', which slide remains suspended by the springs when
.
it is uplifted, or by a catch a helicoidal fuce i of which pushed back by the
ring m of the slide, causes the projection of a wing of the catch which places
itself under the ring m¹.
7. In movable lighting apparatuses suspended by a counterweight, the arrangement
of a feed conduit B starting from the ceiling and consisting of a tube wound spirally
above, at the side, or around the suspension, which tube may or may not form spring
and is attached to the burner or to one of its supports,-in combination with an
apparatus regulating the level of oil in the burner.