Year: 1885

page_text: I, JOHN HONEYMAN of 140 Bath Street, Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
Fellow of the Royal Institute of British Architects, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in uptake or outlet ventilators applicable
to halls, churches and other public buildings, dwelling houses and the apartments
thereof, railway carriages, ships, and situations generally wherein it is required to
effect ventilation or promote currents and the apparatus as constructed in accordance
with the invention consists of a chamber or enclosed space of any desired form in
transverse section divided into two compartments by a partition, wall, or diaphragm
extending across it centrally and wherein an orifice or hole is formed or a pipe or
tube inserted horizontally. From the sides of each compartment other pipes, tubes
or air trunks of considerably larger area than the central tube or orifice extend to
a position where they can communicate freely with the outer atmosphere the said
air trunks being preferably composed of or lined with sheet lead, zinc or other
metal not easily affected by damp and having their outer ends covered with wire
grating or netting to prevent the entrance of birds, rats or the like there through.
The lower side of each compartment of the ventilating chamber and its air trunk
is sloped from the central division to the front where it communicates with the
outer air to prevent the lodgement of rain or moisture and the sides of each com-
partment of the chamber are composed of, or furnished with a series of valves
hung at their upper ends or otherwise so as to open inwards either from external
pressure or when a partial vacuum is created in the compartments through the
exhaustive or inducing action of the apparatus.
The ends of the compartments are also furnished with doors or shutters hinged
at their upper ends and provided with cords or their equivalents passing over
pulleys to a situation where they can be readily reached by hand for the purpose
of raising or lowering the said doors or shutters and so opening, partially opening
or entirely shutting off communication with the interior of the ventilating chambers
through the valves. When closed these doors or shutters preferably lie at an angle
and to form a seat or sill for them the base of the chamber is extended on each side
or the ventilation may be regulated or stopped by valves or dampers in the tubes
or air trunks.
An air or wind current in passing through the apparatus constructed as
described enters by the air trunk into the compartment of the ventilating chamber

page_text: on one side of the central division or wall the pressure thereby engendered closing
the valves in the ends of the said compartment and so effectually preventing down
draught. The air trunk being of much larger area than the pipe or orifice through
the central partition, the air in passing through the said pipe or opening is com-
pressed and issues from it into the other compartment with considerably increased
velocity the effect of which is to create an inducing action in the second compart-
ment and to open the valves thereof, whereby the air to be exhausted is, even if at
the same temperature as the external air, drawn into the compartment and is
thence discharged into the atmosphere with the current passing outwards through
the other air trunk.
'
The air trunks act either as exhaust or inlet trunks according to the direction of
the wind currents and as before stated the valves of the compartment communi-
cating with that trunk which is for the time being the inlet immediate on such
inward passage close against their seats and the inlet draught is directed through
the central orifice into the air trunk on the opposite side of the chamber which
then acts as an exhaust. In no circumstances can there be down draught into the
building or apartment to be ventilated, the valves affording complete protection.
A feature of the invention is that in applying it to buildings the architectural
effect of the structure is not or need not be interfered with as the apparatus instead
of being set outside the roof in the usual way may be set inside the roof in which
case the air trunks are carried out to and terminated flush with the slates or other
cleading on both sides, and in buildings having two or more flats for the ventilation
of the under flats, the apparatus may be set on the joists under flooring the air
trunks in that case being carried to and terminated flush with the outer walls.
In applying the invention to railway carriages, ships' holds, or to other bodies
in motion, the valves are placed in communication with an air shaft which may be
of any required length or dimensions leading to the space to be ventilated.

page_text: I, JOHN, HONEYMAN of 140 Bath Street, Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
Fellow of the Royal Institute of British Architects, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:—
This invention relates to improvements in uptake or outlet ventilators applicable
to halls, churches, schools and other public buildings, dwelling houses and the
apartments thereof, stables, railway carriages, ships and situations generally
wherein it is required to effect ventilation or promote air currents. Figure 1,
sheet 1, of the appended drawings is a transverse section, figure 2, a longitudinal
vertical section, figure 3, a horizontal section and figure 4, a perspective view of
the improved ventilator constructed under one modification of the invention.
As seen by these figures the apparatus consists of a box or chamber A which is
shewn to be rectangular but which may be of any desired form in transverse
section. The box is divided into two compartments by a partition wall or
diaphragm B, extending across it centrally and wherein an orifice or hole is made
or a pipe or tube C, is inserted so as to lie horizontally as shewn. From the ends
of each compartment pipes, tubes or air trunks D, extend to a position where they
can communicate with the outer atmosphere. These pipes, tubes or air trunks D,
are of considerably larger area than the area of the pipe, tube or orifice C, in the
diaphragm B, and they are preferably composed of or lined with zinc, sheet lead
or other metal not easily affected by damp the outer ends of the said trunks D,
being covered with wire or other guards to prevent the entrance of birds, rats or
the like therethrough.
As shewn by figures 2 and 4 the lower side or bottom of each compartment of
the ventilating chamber or box A, and its trunk D, is sloped downwards from the
central partition or wall B, towards the outer ends of the trunks to prevent the
lodgement of rain or moisture in the bottom of the ventilator, or the slope of the
bottom may be towards the central division B, and means provided on each side
of the said division to catch and draw off water. As also seen by figures 2 and 4
the sides of each compartment of the chamber A, are furnished with a series of
valves E, which may be composed of silk or other light and flexible material
stretched on frames but are preferably made of thin metal, wood, or other
equivalent substance and balanced so as to be easily moved by air pressure these
valves, in any case, being arranged to open inwards, both from external pressure
and when a partial vacuum or inducing current is created in the compartments
through the exhaustive or inducing action of the apparatus. An air or wind
current, in passing through the ventilator constructed as hereinbefore described,
enters by the air trunk D, into the compartment on one side or other of the mid
wall or diaphragm B, and the pressure thereby engendered closes the valves E, in
that compartment so shutting off communication between the said compartment
and the space to be ventilated and effectually preventing down draft. The trunk D,
through wich. the air current is entering, being of larger diameter than the pipe
انه
.
"

page_text: or passage C, through the wall or diaphragm B, the air, in passing through the
said pipe or passage C, is compressed and issues from it into the other compartment
with considerably increased velocity which, creating a partial vacuum or inducing
current in the second compartment first opens the valves E, thereof and thereafter
draws in through the openings so constituted foul or vitiated air from the apartment
or space being ventilated; the said air, with the current through the pipe or orifice C,
passing to the outer atmosphere through the air trunk D. It is found that this
action takes place even though the temperature of the air to be exhausted is as low
as that of the outer atmosphere and it will be seen from the construction of the
ventilator that under no circumstances, (granting the apparatus to be in working
order) can there be down draught into the compartment or building being
ventilated, the valves E, affording complete protection.
Figure 5 illustrates in transverse section, figure 6 in longitudinal vertical section,
figure 7 in horizontal section and figure 8 in perspective, a modified form of the
ventilator hereinbefore described and wherein two dividing or partition walls H,
are employed at the interior of the box or chamber A, each of these dividing walls
or diaphragms being furnished with a series of valves I, opening towards the air
trunks D. In this case the foul or vitiated air, instead of being, drawn in through
the sides of the ventilator as in the preceding arrangement passes in through the
bottom of the space enclosed between the walls or partitions H, or it may pass in
at the top, and is drawn out into one or other of the air trunks D through the
valves I, by the inducing action set up by the current of air passing through the
pipe or channel J from one air trunk to the other.
The arrangement, figures 1 to 4, is especially applicable to open roofs and the
arrangement, figures 5 to 8, to ceilings or ceiled roofs a trunk or pipe, connected to
the ventilator at X, extending to or passing down through the ceiling.
Under a modification of the arrangement figures 5 to 8 the foul air, instead of
passing into the ventilator through an opening at X Figure 6, may be drawn in
through openings at Y figures 7 and 8 thence passing into the trunks D, through
the valves I, as before described. In this case the bottom of the space between the
partitions H, is closed.
Figure 1, sheet 2 of the drawings illustrates in transverse section, figure 2 in
vertical longitudinal section and figure 3 in horizontal section a further modifi-
cation in which the pipe or passage C, for the inducing air current instead of being
central and passing through or extending between one or more dividing walls or
diaphragms is conducted along the sides of the box or chamber A, from one air
trunk D, to the other. In this case the chamber A, has also two cross division
walls H, with valves I, opening towards the trunks D, the foul air entering the
ventilator through the bottom of the space between these walls, (or it may enter
from the top) and passing out into the trunks D, according to the direction of the
current through the passages C.
The improved ventilators, constructed under any of the modes hereinbefore
described, may be put into turrets or gables or gablets in roofs and the air trunks
may be curved or angled either vertically or horizontally and a feature of the
invention is that in applying the ventilator to buildings the architectural effect of
the structure is not or need not be interfered with as the apparatus, instead of
being set outside the roof in the usual way, may be set inside the roof in which
case the air trunks are carried out to and terminated flush with the slates or other
cleading on both sides or they may take the form of dormers or be otherwise
treated.
In buildings having two or more flats, for the ventilation of the under flats, the
apparatus may be set between the joists under flooring, the air trunks D, in that
case being carried out to and terminated flush with the outer walls.
In applying the invention to railway carriages, ships holds or other bodies in
motion the valves are placed in communication with an air shaft which may be of
any required length or dimensions leading to the space to be ventilated.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1. A ventilator consisting of an open ended box or chamber divided internally
by a cross wall or diaphragm into two compartments, which communicate with
each other by an orifice or tube of lesser area than the open ends of the chamber
each compartment having valves opening from the space to be ventilated towards
the interior of the apparatus, substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore
described with reference to figures 1 to 4 inclusive, sheet 1 of the annexed
drawings.
2. A ventilator consisting of an open ended box or chamber divided internally
into compartments by two or more cross walls or diaphragms between which
extend an air duct of lesser area than the open ends of the compartments, valves
opening from the space to be ventilated towards the ends of the compartments
being provided in the cross walls substantially as herein before described and
shewn under one arrangement at figures 5 to 8 sheet 1 of the accompanying
drawings.
3. A ventilator consisting of an open ended box or chamber divided internally
into compartments by two or more cross walls or diaphragms the said walls having
valvea opening from the space to be ventilated towards the ends of the chambers
between which air passages of lesser area than the open ends extend substantially
as described with reference to sheet 2 of the appended drawings.
Dated this Eighteenth day of Mov 188R