Improvements in Valve Gears for Pumping Engines.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 29th Jan., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 30th Sept., 1889-Accepted, 30th Nov., 1889
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Valve Gears for Pumping Engines.
PHILIP RUDOLF BJORLING 3 Faringdon Villas, Stroud Road Gloucester, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
:-
Firstly In using a slide valve in connection with pistons or plungers for moving
the valve, when the said pistons or plungers are actuated partly by live steam and
partly by exhaust steam, for pumps with one or more cylinders.
Secondly: In arrangeing the cylinder ports in such a manner that no exhaust
cavity is required in the slide valve, by that means I reduce the area of the slide
valve, consequently loss power is required to actuate it; or by means of branching the
exhaust ports from the steam ports to obtain the same result.
Thirdly In arrangeing the steam and exhaust branches in the cylinder, so that
the valve box or chamber can be removed without disturbing the steam and exhaust
pipes.
Fourthly: In arrangeing the starting handle by means of a lever or handle and
tongne, in cases where the valve is actuated partially by live steam and partially by
exhaust steam.
:-
Fifthly employ the same valve gear for pumps with two cylinders, either side
by side or one on the top of the other, by means of coupling the valve moving
ports from one cylinder to the valve moving piston or plunger of the other, in such
a manner that the cylinders operate each others slide valve.
Sixthly: I make my slide valve with four cavities and two passages for live steam,
so us to admit steam to a high-pressure and a low-pressure cylinder, when the
pumps are made compound, in connection with my other improvements, substantially
as described.
In carrying out my first improvement I make my slide valve of the B type, fitting
between two lugs or collars on the circular valve moving pistons or plungers.
The valve moving pistons consist first of one piston on each end of the slide valve,
than I introduce an annular exhaust space on the outer side of each piston or
plunger; next 1 employ the valve moving pistons or plungers proper, which are
bored out to fit a piston secured in each valve box or chamber cover. (These latter
pistons I do not claim, as they have been used before).
In carrying out my second improvement I employ two ordinary steam ports or
passages, and two exhaust ports or passages, the first passing to the centre of the
cylinder valve face leaving only a moderate space between them, to make a steam
tight joint; the latter opening out in the space between the valve moving pistons
and the valve moving plungers proper. Or I employ only the two steam ports,
with branch ports opening out in the space between the valve moving pistons and the
valve moving plungers proper, for exhausting the steam.
In carrying out my third improvement I only turn the steam inlet and the steam
outlet or exhaust towards the valve face and cast the steam and exhaust branches
and flanges onto the cylinder body.
In carrying out my fourth improvement I make a slot in the valve moving piston
or plunger for a tongue to fit, which tongue I move in the usual manner by means of
a spindle and lever or handle.
In carrying out my fifth improvement I arrange my valve moving ports in such
a manner that the ports from one end of one cylinder is put into communication
with the opposite end of the valve chest of the other cylinder, by that means one
cylinder controls the valve of the other cylinder, and starts the other cylinder
before the actuating cylinder has reached the end of its stroke, consequently I obtain
a uniform flow of the water from the pump into the delivery main or pipe.

page_text: :
In carrying out my sixth improvement I make my slide valve with four cavities
and two five steam passages, I also employ for that purpose, first two steam ports
with branches for admitting the steam from the high-pressure to the low-pressure
cylinder; secondly I introduce two steam ports leading from the valve face to
the low-pressure cylinder with branch ports opening out into the space between the
valve moving pistons and valve moving plungers proper, for exhausting the steam
from the low-pressure cylinder. The centre part of the slide valve I make of the
ordinary. B type, next I form two passages for live steam, on the outer end or outside
thero passages I form ordinary D valves. Or I make an ordinary B valve and two
D valves fitted separately a little distance from one another. The movement of the
steam is as follows: The steam enters first, we say, the right-hand passage into the
right-hand cavity of the B or centre slide valve, and passes into the right-hand end
of the high-pressure cylinder; the steam on the left-hand side of the cylinder then
passes up the left-hand steam passage into the exhaust branch, through the left-hand
D cavity in the slide valve, or left hand D valve, into the left-hand-steam passage to
the right-hand end of the low-pressure cylinder; and the steam in the loft-hand end
of the low-pressure cylinder passes through the branch passage into the space between
the right-hand valve moving piston and valve moving plunger proper, for exhausting
the steam and finishing the travel of the slide valve or slide valves.
Dated this 26th day of January 1889.
PHILIP R. BJORLING.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Valve Gears for Pumping Engines.
PHILIP RUDOLF BJORLING 114 Malvern Street, Stapenhill in the County of
Derbyshire, Engineer late of 3 Faringdon Villas, Stroud Road, Gloucester, in the
County of Gloucestershire, do hereby declare the nature of my invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVE GEAR FOR PUMPING ENGINES and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :—
This invention relates to certain improvements in valve gears for pumping engines,
and has for its objects the reduction of cost in their manufacture, greater efficiency
of action and increased durability.
:-
In carrying out my invention I Firstly :—use a slide valve in connection with
pistons or plungers for moving the valve, when the said pistons or plungers are
actuated partly by live steam and partly exhaust steam, for pumps with one or more
cylinders. Secondly:-I arrange the ports in such a manner that no exhaust cavity
is required in the slide valve, by that means I reduce the area of the slide valve,
consequently less power is required to actuate it; or otherwise by means of branching
the exhaust ports from the steam ports to obtain the same result. Thirdly :-
arrange the steam and exhaust branches in the cylinder, so that the valve box or
chamber can be removed without disturbing the steam and exhaust pipes. Fourthly:-
I arrange the starting handle by means of a lever or handle and tongue, in cases
where the valve is actuated partially by live steam and partially by exhaust steam.
Fifthly employ the same valve gear for pumps with two cylinders, either side
by side, or one on the top of the other, by means of coupling the valve moving
ports from one cylinder to the valve moving piston or plunger of the other, in such
a manner that the cylinders operate each its opposite valve and visa versa. Sixthly:-
I make my slide valve with four cavities and two passages for live steam, so as to
admit steam to a high-pressure and a low-pressure cylinder, when the pumps are
made compound in connection with my other improvements.
:-
For the better explanation of the aforesaid improvements, which relates principally
to the valves, I have annexed hereto three sheets of drawings, shewing valve gears
of different construction to suit different purposes. The simplex gear is represented
in figure 1, sheet 1, in vertical section; figure 2, is a sectional plan; figure 3, is a
section through the line A B; and figure 4 is a section through the line CD.

page_text: K is an
The valve gear for pumps with two cylinders is shewn in figure 5, sheet 2,
which is a sectional elevation of one cylinder and valve gear and figure 6,
sheet 2, a plan of the two cylinders shewing the arrangement of the valve
moving ports. The valve gear for compound pumping engines, in which the
steam is first admitted into a high-pressure cylinder and than passed into a low-
pressure cylinder, is illustrated by figure 7, sheet 3. Figure 7 being a sectional
elevation shewing the arrangement of the steain ports. The action of the valves in
all these cases is identical. Referring first. to the simplex or single cylinder gear
shewn in figures 1 to 4, sheet 1, A is the steain cylinder, B the valve chest, an
ordinary B valve, fitted between two lugs or collars on the circular valve moving
piston or plunger D. The valve moving pistons consist first of one piston E E' on
each end of the slide valve; in combination with the last named I use an annular
exhaust space F F on the outer side of each piston or plunger E'; next I
employ the valve moving pistons or plungers proper G G¹, which are bored out to
fit a piston H H' secured in each valve box or chamber cover J J.
or.linary steam piston actuating the piston rod L. M is the starting tongue actuated
by means of the spindle N and lever or handle O. It will be seen that in this
arrangement the ports are so arranged that no exhaust cavity is required in the
slide valve; by which means I reduce the area of the slide valve, consequently less
power is required to actuate it. In carrying out this improvement I employ two
ordinary steam ports or passages 6 and 6, the first reach to the centre of the cylinder
valve face, which leaves only a moderate space between them to ensure a steam tight
joint; the latter open out in the spaces F between the valve moving pistons E E'
and the valve moving plungers proper G G¹, or I may employ only the two steam
ports, with the branch ports opening out in the spaces F F¹, as shewn in figure 1,
shent 1, for exhausting the steam. also arrange the steam branch P and exhaust
branch in the cylinder, so that the valve box or chamber B can be removed without
disturbing the steam and exhaust pipe. The starting gear consists of a tongue,
spindle and handle or lever, which is new in cases where the valve is actuated
partially by live steam and partially by exhaust steam. The action of the gear is as
follows:
Referring to fig. 1, sheet 1, the piston K is moving from left to right.. As
soon as the piston has passed the valve moving port, shewn by the dotted lines, an
communicates with a port in the valve chest, which is in that position in juxtaposition
with the small port in the valve moving cylinder G. The pressure of steam thus
introduced between the valve moving plunger and the fixed piston in the cover moves
over the valve to the position shewn in figure 1, sheet 1, and by this preliminary
motion brings the ports of the chamber, G, at the other end of the valve in juxta-
position with the corresponding ports. The onward travel of the valve is thus
accelerated and determined, whilst by the same motion the port in G₁is now closed
against the disturbing effect of the exhaust immediately set up on the former steam
side of the piston K. The exhaust steam issuing through the space F', and the slots.
or passages through the valve moving plunger proper G¹, acting on the larger area
of the piston E' finishes the travel of the valve. The corresponding ports on the
right-hand end of the valve chamber are now in juxtaposition, ready for a repetition
of the reversing action when the piston K shall have arrived at the left-hand end
of the cylinder (the valve moving port on that side being cut away in the
illustration. I employ the same valve gear for pumps with two cylinders, either
side by side, one on top of the other, or two cylinders in a line, and couple the valve
moving ports from one cylinder to the valve moving piston or plunger of the other,
in such a manner that steam from one cylinder operates the slide valve of the other
cylinder and vise versa. This arrangement is shewn in figures 5 and 6, sheet 2, the
valve moving port A in the cylinder B is coupled to the valve moving port Ċin
the valve chest or chamber D on the cylinder B, either by means of a pipe, as shown
in figure 6, sheet 2, or when the two cylinders are cast together by ports cast in the
cylinders; the port A' in the cylinder B', I connect in like manner with the valve
moving port. C in the valve chest or chamber D' on the cylinder B, by this means

page_text: :-
on cylinder controls the valve of the other cylinder, and starts the other piston
before the actuating piston has reached the end of its stroke, which can be determind
by the distance between the valve moving ports in the cylinder, consequently I
obtain an uniform flow of the water from the pump into the delivery main or pipe.
In carrying out my last improvement, illustrated in figure 7, sheet 3, I make my slide
valve with four cavities A, A', A", A" and two live steain passages B, B₁, I also
employ for that purpose, first-two steam ports CC, with branches D D' for
admitting the steain from the high-pressure cylinder E to the low-pressure cylinder F;
secondly I introduce two steam ports G G leading from the high-pressure cylinder
with branch ports H H opening out into the spaces J J¹ between the valve moving
pistons or plungers and the valve moving pistons or plungers proper, for exhausting
the steam from the low-pressure cylinder. The centre part of the slide valve I mako
of the ordinary B type, nex I form the two passages B B' for the live steam, on
the outer end or outside these passages I form ordinary D valves. Or I make, an
ordinary B valve and two D valves fitted separately, a little distance from one
another. The flow of the steam is as follows:-The steam enters first, for example,
the right-hand passage B₁ into the right-hand cavity A" of the B valve or centre
slide valve, and passes into the right-hand end of the high-pressure cylinder E; the
steam in the left-hand end of the cylinder E then passes up the left-hand steain
passage or port into the exhaust branch D, through the left-hand cavity A in the
slide valve, or left-hand D valve into the left-hand steam passage G to the right-hand
end of the low-pressure cylinder F; and the steam in the left-hand end of the low-
pressure cylinder F passes through the steam port G' and the exhaust branch or
port H into the space J¹ between the right hand valve moving piston or plunger
and valve moving piston or plunger proper and finishes the travel of the slide-valve
or slide valves. From hence it is allowed to escape into the atmosphere or condenser
where one is employed.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
improvements, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that
what I claim as my improvements are :—
1. In using one or more slide valves in connection with pistons or plungers for
moving the valve, when the said pistons or plungers are actuated partly by live steam
and partly by exhaust steam for pumps with one or more cylinders.
2. In arrangeing the ports in the manner described that no exhaust cavity is
required.
3. In arrangeing the steam and exhaust branches in the cylinder substantially as
described.
4. In using a starting handle a described in cases where the valve is actuated
partially by live steam and partially by exhaust steam.
5. In employing the same type of valve gear for duplex pumping engines in the
manner described.
6. The use of four cavities and two passages for live steam or one B valve and
two D valves in a line, so as to admit steam to a high-prossure and a low-pressure
cylinder, when the pumping engine is made compound, in connection with my other
improvements, substantially as and for the purpose described.
Dated this 28th day of September 1889.