AN IMPROVEMENT OR IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING OR PREPARING WOOLLEN CLOTH
Year: 1834

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
CLISILD DANIELL, of Tiverton Mills, near Bath, in the County of Somerset,
Clothier, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Twenty-fifth day of September, in the fifth year of His reign,
did, for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Joseph Clisild Daniell, His especial licence, full power, sole privilege and
authority, that J, the said Joseph Clisild Daniell, my exors, adñors, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Joseph Clisild Daniell, my exors, adors.
or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times during the term of years therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England and Wales, and
the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "AN IMPROVEMENT OR IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING OR PREPARING WOOLLEN CLOTH;"
in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso, that I, the said Joseph
Clisild Daniell, shall cause a particular description of the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be inrolled
in His said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months,
next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters
Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully
and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Joseph Clisild Daniell, do hereby declare that my said Invention is described
and ascertained in manner following, that is to say:-
My improvements in the process of manufacturing or preparing woollen
cloth are applicable to the process of manufacturing or preparing such kinds
of woollen cloth as are now commonly subjected to the operation termed
felting, milling, or fulling in order to thicken the cloth, and also to the
operation termed dressing or giging with teasles (or substitutes for teasles),
in order to raise a woolly pile or nap of woolly fibres upon the surface of the
cloth; and my said improvements consists in modes, herein-after described, of
repeatedly subjecting such cloth, whilst it is fully extended in width (and spread
out in as even and unfolded a surface as can be obtained,) to a flattening
and compressing action exerted upon the cloth by means of revolving cylin-
drical rollers, which are pressed towards each other with a considerable force,
and which turn round with a continuously revolving motion whilst the cloth is
passing between them in order to receive their compressing and flattening
action. The cloth may be subjected to such compressing action immediately
after being milled or felted by the means commonly used for that purpose, and
whilst it remains wet and soapy after coming from the milling or felting
eperation, the cloth in that state being passed through between such revolving
cylindrical rollers as aforesaid when it is fully extended in width, without any
folds of the cloth at the time, whilst it is undergoing the flattening and com-
pressing action of the said rollers, that action will tend to consolidate the
texture of the cloth and give permanency to the felting which has been
produced, and also to equalize, flatten, or level all wrinkled corrugations of the
surface as well as inequalities in the thickness of the cloth which may have
resulted from imperfection in the weaving, or which may have arisen or have
been increased during the milling or felting which the cloth has undergone
previously to being subjected to the said compressing action; and streams or
jets of water may be occasionally played upon the surface of the cloth, at
either or both sides thereof, at the part before where it enters between the
afoi esaid compressing rollers, those jets being regulated by cocks in their
supply pipes so as to throw water upon the cloth in any such quantity as may
be required from time to time to moisten or keep the cloth at a due degree of
wetness, in order to render the soap slippery during the continuance of the
flattening action aforesaid; and also after that action has been continued as
long as is desirable, the said jets may be increased so much as to wash away
the soap or other matters with which the cloth was impregnated during the
milling or fulling. And note.-The action whereby the said compressing

page_text: rollers and jets of water will wash and cleanse the cloth from the soap
and other matters which were left in it after the milling or felting will
become a substitute for the mode very commonly practised of late years
of washing and cleansing cloth in like case by passing it between revolving
squeezing rollers; but in that mode the cloth is gathered up laterally in casual
and irregular creases or folds, so as to become contracted into a narrow band.
whilst it is passing between the squeezing rollers, wherefore the squeezing
action of those rollers takes place upon several folds of the cloth at once, the
thickness being irregular and variable owing to the usual gathering up of
the cloth into such folds, and hence that action of squeezing rollers will not
produce any of the flattening, levelling, or equalizing effects which it is the
object and intention of my improvements to attain, and which I do obtain by
subjecting the cloth to the flattening action of revolving compressing rollers
when it is extended in width and surface without folds; and for this purpose
the cloth is previously wound or rolled around a horizontal winding roller, and
carefully extended in width during that winding or rolling, in order to gather
it smoothly and evenly on the roller, in the same manner as is commonly done
in preparation for submitting cloth to the action of an ordinary dressing
machine or gig mill; the said roller around which the cloth is so wound or
rolled being at the time of so rolling mounted in the machinery by which my
improvements are to be carried into effect, and occupying a suitable position
in that machinery for conducting the cloth from the said winding roller so
as to pass the cloth between the compressing rollers, the lowermost one of
which may be made like a cylindrical drum, mounted on pivots at each end of
its axis, and capable of turning round freely thereon; and the cloth may be
conducted from the winding roller, around which it is previously wound as
aforesaid, to pass over and in contact wit! portion of the cylindrical surface
of the lowermost compressing roller, and thence to go forwards to another
gathering or winding roller situated at the opposite side of the machinery,
which latter roller, being turned round by the machinery, will wind up and
draw forwards the cloth, thereby unwinding and pulling off the cloth from the
other first-mentioned winding roller, and also drawing it in an unfolded and
extended surface over the upper part of the circumference of the lowermost
compressing roller, which roller turning round its surface will
accompany
cloth in its motion; and the cloth whilst in contact with that roller will
conform to its smooth cylindrical surface, and will in that state receive the
flattening action of the uppermost compressing rollers, bearing downwards
upon the cloth, when it is supported beneath by the lowermost compressing
roller. And note.-That winding-up roller which, as before mentioned, draws
the

page_text: forwards the cloth by winding up the same, is turned round by wheelwork
actuated by the power of machinery with a suitable slow motion for drawing
and passing the cloth between the compressing rollers, the other corresponding
winding-up roller from which the cloth is pulled off and unwound must have
its wheelwork disconnected for the time from the power machinery, a suitable
friction being applied to that roller, in order to retard its turning motion with-
out preventing the same, and that retardation will cause a tension on the
cloth whilst it is drawing forwards, which tension can be increased or dimi-
nished by suitable regulation of the friction, so as to be sufficient to keep the
cloth properly extended whilst it is passing over the lowermost compressing
roller, but without causing more tension than is requisite for that purpose.
And note. The aforesaid arrangements for passing the cloth slowly and with a
regular motion through the machinery in an extended surface by winding it
up around a winding roller at one side of the machinery, and pulling it off
from another like roller at the opposite side of the machinery, is very similar
to the corresponding parts and actions of ordinary dressing machines or gig
mills, the cloth wrapping about a portion of the circumference of the lower-
most compressing roller in like manner as the cloth wraps about a portion of
the circumference of the gig barrel of a dressing machine. And the compres-
sing action to which the extended cloth is to be subjected, according to my
improvements, is to be produced by certain uppermost rollers, which are placed
over the lowermost roller or cylindrical drum before mentioned, so as to bear
downwards with a considerable weight or force upon the cloth which is
extended over the cylindrical surface of the said lowermost roller, by which
means the cloth will be compressed between the said uppermost and lower-
most rollers with a flattening and equalizing action; and by the progressive
drawing forwards of the cloth, as before mentioned, every part of it will
in turn be subjected to the said flattening action. And when all the length of
the cloth has been thus passed through between the compressing rollers, the
connection of the wheelwork of the two winding-up rollers is to be changed,
in order that the empty winding roller may be turned round by the power of
the machinery so as to wind the cloth by pulling off and unwinding it from
the other or full roller around which it was wound up or gathered in the
manner before explained, and the friction by which the retardation and
tension of the cloth is obtained must also be made to act upon the full roller
instead of the empty one; all which is similar to the corresponding arrange-
ment of an ordinary dressing machine or gig mill. And the cloth is subjected
to a repetition of the flattening and levelling action of the compressing rollers
whilst the cloth is winding backwards in manner last mentioned, the same

page_text: as when it was winding forwards in manner first mentioned, because the
compressing rollers having free liberty of turning motion in either direction,
their cylindrical surfaces will accompany the cloth equally well when it is
moved cither way. And whereas the lists or borders of woollen cloth are
usually of a thicker substance than the other parts of the cloth, and also.
because there may be other inequalities of thickness in the cloth, it is
advisable to make each of the uppermost compressing rollers in several distinct
portions or short lengths, one length situated at the end of the other, like a
continuous cylindrical roller, with only such narrow intervals between the
different lengths as may be necessary for admitting the parts which are to
guide and retain each length in its intended place, so as to range with the
others in the row, but without support or confinement as to raising and
falling, for cach length is left to rest upon the extended surface of the cloth
which is beneath it, that part of the cloth being supported upon the cylindrical
surface of the lowermost compressing roller, and moving slowly forwards
therewith, as before mentioned. The said several lengths of the uppermost
compressing rollers may be pressed downwards on the cloth by the action of
levers loaded with weights, which can be increased or diminished at pleasure,
or can be slided nearer to or further from the centres of motion of the
respective levers, in the manner of a steelyard, in order to adjust the intensity
of pressure which the rollers will exert upon the cloth suitably to the strength
and coarseness or fineness of the cloth which is to be operated upon. Each
of the said lengths of the uppermost compressing rollers may have a short
pivot at each end of it, and those pivots may be lodged in suitable notches.
at the under side of each lever, at or near to the middle part of the length
thereof, between the fulcrum or fixed centre of motion of the lever and the
end thereof where the weight is suspended, and which end is prolonged in.
order that the weight may be hung on at a distance for obtaining an increase
of action when required.
Each pivot of each distinct length of uppermost compressing roller has a
loaded lever of its own; but those levers may be coupled together in pairs, and
one weight applied to each pair of levers, so that there will be one weight for
each length of roller. The said levers retain the several lengths of rollers in
place, so that they will range together in a row, but their weights press down
each length independently of the others with a suitable force for performing
its effect on the cloth. And two rows of detached lengths of uppermost
compressing rollers may be applied over the same lowermost compressing
roller, so that the cloth in moving forwards with the cylindrical surface of the
latter will first pass beneath and be subjected to the compressing action of

page_text: one row, and then, in moving a little further forwards, will be subjected to the
compressing action of the other row, and the narrow intervals which are left,
as before mentioned, between the several different lengths of uppermost rollers
in each row may be interspaced to each other, in order that the intervals
between the several lengths which constitute one row may stand opposite to
the middle of the several lengths which constitute the other row, whereby
those parts of the cloth which escape the compressing action of one row,
owing to the intervals between the several lengths thereof, will receive the
compressing action of the other row. The cloth is to be worked many times
alternately backwards and forwards through the machinery in the manner
above described whilst the cloth continues soapy, occasionally applying such
a slight sprinkling of water, by the jets before mentioned, as is requisite to
keep the cloth wet and continue the soap in a slippery state, which is most
favorable to the action of my improvements, whereby the unequal and partial
shrinkage of the cloth, which always takes place in the process of felting or
milling, will be diminished or removed, and any wrinkled corrugations of, the
surface of the cloth which may result from partial shrinking will be reduced to
a more flat and even surface, so that the cloth will become more susceptible of
complete and uniform dressing by the dressing machine or gig mill, and enable
the same to raise the woolly fibres to an equally full pile or nap over every
part of the surface, for that felting and thickening of woollen cloth which takes
place during the felting or milling process necessarily causes the cloth to
contract in its superficial dimensions; but the extent of such contraction will
be partial and unequal, owing to the materials which compose some parts of the
cloth being more disposed for felting than other parts, and such inequalities
of contraction being attended by inequalities of thickness will dispose the
cloth to fall into wrinkles, which interfere with the subsequent operations
of dressing and cropping; but by subjecting the cloth to the action of
compressing rollers according to my improvements, as before explained, whilst
the cloth continues impregnated with the soap used in the felting or milling
operation, the inequalities of contraction are greatly diminished, and the
cloth is better prepared for the operation of dressing, because it will present
a more even and uniform surface to the action of the teasels, or substitutes
for teasels, by which the woolly pile as to be raised in the dressing machine
or gig mill.
And woollen cloth may be also subjected in an unfolded and
extended surface to the compressing action of revolving cylindrical rollers
according to my said improvements, in manner aforesaid, during the progress
of the operation of dressing or giging the cloth by the ordinary dressing
machines or gig mills; for after the woolly fibres have been raised to a pile or

page_text: nap by long-continued action of the teasels, or substitutes for teasels, upon the
surface of the cloth, in the manner which is commonly termed rowing, the
absence of the fibres, which are drawn out from the texture of the cloth so as
to appear on the surface and form that raised pile will leave minute interstices
in the said texture, which will impair the solidity of the body of the cloth; but
after the pile has been cut, cropped, or shorn to an even length by the ordinary
means, then by subjecting the cut cloth in an unfolded and extended surface
to the compressing action of revolving cylindrical rollers according to my
improvements, in the manner herein-before described, that action will tend to
close the said minute interstices in the texture of the cloth, so as to consolidate
and improve that texture; and by suitable regulation of the jets of water before
mentioned during such compressing action, the cloth should be kept moistened
nearly to the same degree of wetness as is commonly done during the ordinary
action of the dressing machine or gig mill; and the said operation, according
to my improvements, will prepare the cloth for undergoing with advantage
that stage of the dressing or giging operation which is commonly termed
mozing, and which is performed after the cropping or shearing, and with
deader teasles than were used for the previous stage of the dressing operation
which is termed rowing, because the mozing is not so much intended to raise
more woolly fibres into a pile or nap upon the surface as to arrange and give
proper direction to the fibres which have been previously raised and cropped
or shorn to an even length. And the cloth may be subjected to the compressing
action of revolving cylindrical rollers, according to my said improvements,
during the progress of the operation of mozing, in order to improve the texture
of the cloth and produce evenness of thickness and flatness, and uniformity of
surface, before that finishing of the mozing or last dressing, which is to be
rendered permanent by the process now commonly termed roll boiling in
hot water, after a method for which a Patent was granted to me by King.
George the Third, dated the Seventeenth day of July One thousand eight
hundred and nineteen, and which process is now very generally used by
clothiers, and for greater convenience in subjecting the cloth in an unfolded and
extended surface to the compressing action of revolving cylindrical rollers.
according to my said imprvoements, during the progress of the operation of
dressing the cloth, as above explained. The machinery whereby my said im-
provements are to be carried into effect may be combined with the machinery
of an ordinary dressing machine or gig mill, and so incorporated therewith.
that both will operate together like one piece of machinery, wherein the cloth,
after being subjected to the ordinary action of the revolving gig barrel will, in
proceeding a little further forwards, be immediately afterwards subjected to the

page_text: compressing action of revolving cylindrical rollers according to my improve-
ments; or when the cloth is drawn in a reverse direction through the machinery,
it will be subjected to the gig barrel after having been drawn between the
compressing rollers.
And for the more complete explanation of the mode of carrying my said
improvements into effect, I have hereunto annexed two Sheets of Drawings,
in which machinery containing revolving compressing rollers is exhibited.
Sheet 1 being representations of a distinct machine for operating according to
my said improvements, and Sheet II. being representations of similar ma-
chinery incorporated with the parts of an ordinary gig mill. The direction
in which each of the different views is taken is stated in writing on each of the
Drawings, and the same letters of reference denote the same parts in all the
Figures.
In Sheet I., A, Figure 3, is the endless strap or belt by which the
machinery is put in motion from the power of millwork; B, B. are fast
and loose pulleys on which the strap A works; C, the horizontal axis, on one
end of which they are mounted, and at the opposite end of the same axis
Ca spur cog wheel D is fixed, to gear with another like wheel E, which
serves as an intermediate wheel to transmit the motion to a larger spur cog
wheel E, which is fixed on the end of the axis of one of the winding
rollers K, around which the cloth is to be wound up in order to draw it
forwards through the machinery; K is the other winding roller at the
opposite side of the machinery, from which roller the cloth is to be pulled off
and unwound; and L1 is a brake wheel fixed on the end of the axis of the
roller K1, and encompassed by a brake strap, which is drawn tight by a
lever M1 and weight N 1, so as to grasp round the circumference of the
brake wheel L1 and occasion sufficient friction to retard the motion of the
winding roller K1 and produce tension on the cloth in pulling off the
roller K 1. The cloth, in passing from one winding roller K 1 to the other
winding roller K, is conducted over the lowermost compressing roller G, which
is at liberty to revolve freely upon pivots at the ends of its axes, in order that
its circumference may accompany the cloth in its motion. The uppermost
compressing rollers are disposed in two rows H and H. 1, over the lowermost
compressing roller G, so as to press downwards upon the extended surface of
the cloth which is passing over the said roller G. In order to exert the com-
pressing action which my improvements are effected, I and I 1 are the
pressing levers by which the uppermost rollers H and H 1, are retained in
their respective rows, and are pressed downwards upon the cloth by the action
of weights J, suspended on the levers; the levers I are applied in pairs, as is

page_text: shewn in the plan, Figure 2, each pair including one roller H or II1 between
them, and having one weight J suspended between the pair of levers, so as to
act upon both, and both of them concur in pressing down the roller H or H 1,
to which they belong. The levers I are applied to a fixed bearing bar X,
which extends horizontally all the length of the machine, and which serves all
the several levers as their fulcrum or fixed centre of motion; each lever has a
hooked notch at the upper side of its extreme end to apply beneath the lower
edge of the fixed bearing bar X, and a notch at the under side of the lever to
receive the pivoty of the roller H or H1; and there are also several notches
at the upper side of the lever, towards its extremity, for receiving the end of a
short cross bar which serves the pair of levers, and on which the weight J is
suspended; that cross bar can be placed in any of the said notches to vary the
distance of the weights J from the fulcrum X. W, Figure 6, is an extra
weight, which can be placed upon the suspended weight J, in case it is required
to increase the pressure upon the roller H or H1; the spur wheel D can be
removed out of gear with the intermediate wheel E, and by the same means it
will be brought into gear with the large spur wheel F1, on the end of the
axis of the winding roller K 1, which roller will in that case be turned round
in a suitable direction for winding up the cloth around itself, thereby drawing
it back in a reverse direction between the compressing rollers, and pulling it
off from the other winding roller K, which, by the disconnection of its wheel-
work E, will be capable of turning round and unwinding the cloth from itself.
The bearing for the axis C of the wheel D is moveable by means of a lever P,
which is connected by a link p with a handle, which the attendant can take
hold of, and by moving the same he can connect the wheel D either with the
wheel E, in which case the cloth will be moved one way, or else the wheel D
can be connected with the wheel F1, and then the cloth will be moved in a
reverse direction. The winding roller K is provided with its brake wheel L
and friction strap, which is drawn tight by a lever M and weight N, the same
as before described respecting the other roller K 1; but as only one of these
friction brakes ought to be in action at once, and the other relieved from the
friction, a lever O is applied across the machine, being mounted on a fixed centre
pin near to the middle of its length, and having a connecting link from each end
to the levers M and M 1, so that by pressing down the handle at the extreme
end of the lever O, the weight M will be released, and the other weight M1
allowed to act, or, vice versa, by raising up the same handle, which can be
retained in either position by hooking it into notches in a fixed support. 6 is a
supply pipe for bringing water to the machinery, with a stop-cock at 5, for
regulating the flow or stopping it; the pipe 6 divides into two branches, 3

page_text: and 4, which rise up at one end of the machinery, and then each branch divides
again into two smaller branches, each having a stop-cock communicating with
one end of as many tubes, 2, 7, and 8, 9, which extend horizontally all across
the width of the machinery above and beneath the surface of the extended
cloth, and those tubes are pierced with small holes at equal distances in a row
along their length to throw many small jets of water upon the cloth, which
can be regulated by the cocks so as to moisten and wet it slightly or else to wet
it profusely, as may be required for the different stages of the operation of my
improvements, as herein-before explained. For introducing the cloth into the
machinery, a piece of canvas cloth is attached to each of the winding rollers K
and K. 1, and one end of the piece of woollen cloth which is to be treated accord-
ing to my improvements is sewed to the canvas of the roller K whilst the
machine is standing still, with the strap A, working on the loose pulley B, and
the wheel D being engaged with the wheel E, as shewn in Figure 4, the
machinery is to be put in motion by shifting the strap A to the fast pulley
B, whereupon the roller K will begin to turn slowly round and wind up the
cloth around itself, during which the attendants must hold out the lists with
their hands, and take care that the cloth rolls up in a smooth and even manner
without any folds, and avoiding or preventing wrinkles or creases as completely
as can be done. And note.-For facilitating the lateral extension of the cloth
during such winding around the roller K, the cloth may, if thought desirable,
be dragged over the notched face of a fixed rail, the notches thereof extending
obliquely across its face, as shewn in Figure 7, Sheet I.; those notches over
which the middle of the width of the cloth will apply being straight or square
across the rail, but all the other notches having divergent obliquity, which
increases each way from the middle part towards each end, in order to extend
the cloth in width and to keep out the lists, so that the cloth will be more
likely to wind up without wrinkles; such a rail may be fixed horizontally
opposite to the roller K in a temporary manner, and may be removed after the
cloth is wound. Such notched rails are used by calico printers and bleachers for
extending cloth in width whilst it is entering into their machinery; they call
them cutters, and they are applied in various ways and at various places where
lateral extension is found necessary. When the cloth is all wound up around the
winding roller K, leaving only as much as is required to reach to the canvas on
the other winding roller K 1, the motion of the machinery is stopped by turning
the strap A on to the loose pulley B. Then the canvas being extended between
the several compressing rollers G and H, H 1, and the other end of the piece of
woollen cloth sewed to the end of the canvas, the cog wheel D is engaged with
the wheel F 1, so that its winding roller K 1 will, (when the machinery is

page_text: again put in motion) wind up the cloth, and pull it off from the roller K; the
friction brakes must also be changed by lifting up the handle at the end of the
lever O, to take the weight N 1 out of action and allow the weight N to operate
on the brake of the roller K. As the cloth is drawn from the roller K to the
roller K 1 it is subjected to the flattening and compressing action of the rollers
G and H, H 1, between which it passes; and when the whole length of the piece
of cloth has been drawn through, and it becomes all accumulated around the
roller K 1, the attendant must reverse the connection of the cog wheel D, by
moving the handle P, and that will cause the roller K to begin to turn and
wind the cloth back again, passing it between the compressing rollers in a con-
trary direction to that in which it moved before; the handle O must also be
pressed down. And again, after the roller K has wound up all the cloth round
itself, the motion must be again reversed, and so on, the soapy cloth being
repeatedly worked through between the compressing rollers until the intended
equalizing effect is attained, which may require the operation to be con-
tinued during two hours or more, the speed of the machinery being such as
to pass a piece of cloth of thirty-five yards in length through in about two
minutes, and then back again in two minutes more; and, if requisite to keep
the soap in a slippery state, a slight sprinkling of water may be thrown upon
the cloth through the jets by opening the supply cock 5 partially, and finally
that cock must be fully opened, and all the jets set running copiously, whilst
the cloth is continued to be worked in the machinery, in order to wash away
the soap and cleanse the cloth, which may require another hour of operation,
and then the cloth will be prepared for undergoing the dressing operation.
And the same machinery which is represented in Sheet I. may be also used for
operating on the cloth according to my improvements during the progress of
the dressing; that is, after that part of the dressing which is termed rowing is
completed, and also the cropping or shearing, which succeeds to the rowing,
but before that stage of dressing which is commonly termed mozing is began.
The operation will be the same as that which has been described, and may be
continued during three hours, the cloth being kept wetted by the jets of water,
but may be washed with copious streams towards the conclusion; and also,
after that stage of dressing called mozing has been nearly completed, the cloth
may be again subjected to a like operation of the machinery represented in
Sheet I. for about two hours, being kept wetted all that time, after which
the mozing may be resumed, in order to lay the nap of the cloth in the state
in which it is intended to permanently remain.
The exact period of the usual course of operations at which my improve
ments are to be introduced, and the duration of the operation according to my

page_text: improvements, must be varied at the discretion of the manufacturer, according
to the kind of cloth and the finish which is required to be given thereto.
The pressure caused by the uppermost compressing rollers H and H1 is about
ninety pounds weight on the cloth for five inches width across the cloth, but
that may be greatly varied. Note.-The winding roller K should be so fitted
on its axis that the attendant can slide it endways thereou through a short
space, which may be done from time to time, in order to remove the cloth
laterally in the machinery, and avoid partial action of the compressing rollers.
Sheet II. of the Drawings represents similar machinery to that in Sheet I.,
but combined with the parts of an ordinary dressing machine or gig mill.
For facility of explanation, the same letters of reference are used to denote
the same or corresponding parts, and therefore a very brief description will be
sufficient. The first motion of the power machinery is communicated to the
revolving gig barrel 10, which is furnished on its circumference with teasles or
substitutes for teasles, as usual, and by a small pinion 11 upon the extreme
end of the axis of the gig barrel. A slow motion is given to a cog wheel 12,
which, by means of another smaller wheel 13, gives a still slower motion to a
spur wheel D, which performs the same office as the wheel D in Sheet I.,
and which, as before explained, may be made to engage either with the large
wheel F of the winding roller K, (as is represented,) or else with the interme-
diate cog wheel E, which, by means of a second intermediate wheel 14, gives
motion to the large wheel F 1, on the end of the winding roller K 1, in a
similar manner to that of the machinery, Sheet I. The cloth, in passing from
the roller K to the corresponding roller K1, is carried over the gig barrel 10,
as usual in gig mills, and is then conducted by a roller 15 (which serves the
purpose of what is called a breasting roll), to pass between the compressing
rollers G and H, H 1, which are similar to those in Sheet I., and operate in
a similar manner. But in Sheet II. the operation, according to my improve-
ments, must be carried on in concert with the giging or dressing, and will not
therefore occasion any loss of time. A lifting bar should be applied beneath
the extreme ends of all the loaded levers I, with tackle by which they can all
be lifted up at once, in order to relieve the uppermost rollers Hand H' from
their pressure, so that those rollers will not produce any operation on the
cloth until it is required to begin operating thereon according to my improve-
ments, and then the lifting bars of the loaded levers are to be removed to let
down the weights J, and produce the pressure by the uppermost compressing
rollers, which may be done during any required portion of the stage of
dressing termed rowing, or else during any required portion of the stage of
dressing termed mnozing; wherefore part of the rowing or of the mozing will

page_text: be performed in concert with the compressing action of the rollers, according
to my improvements; other parts of the rowing or of the mozing having been
performed by the action of the gig barrel alone.
Having now described the nature of my said improvements, and the manner
of carrying the same into effect, I, the said Joseph Clisild Daniell, do hereby
declaro that the new Invention, whereof the exclusive use is granted to me
by the said Letters Patent, consists partly in the mode, herein-before described,
of subjecting woollen cloth which has been milled and felted, and which still
retains its soap, to the flattening and compressing action of revolving cylindrical
rollers, between which the soapy cloth is passed and repassed repeatedly, but
always in an extended surface without folds, the intention and tendency of
such compressing action being to flatten, level, and equalize inequalities of
thickness and of substance of the cloth, and to remove wrinkles and irregularities
of surface which result therefrom, so as to prepare the cloth for undergoing
the operation of dressing, and raising the woolly fibres into a more uniform
pile over the whole surface than would be raised by the same degree of
dressing action without such previous flattening, leveling, and equalizing.
And further consists in the modes, herein-before described, of subjecting
woollen cloth which has been partly dressed, (and which may also have been
cropped,) to a like flattening and compressing action of revolving rollers,
between which the cloth is passed and repassed repeatedly in a moist state, but
always in an extended surface without folds, the intention and tendency of such
compressing action being to consolidate the body of the cloth, and make up as
much as can be for the hollowness occasioned by the absence of the woolly
fibres which have been drawn out by the dressing operation from the texture
of the cloth to form the pile or nap on the surface thereof, and also to compress
that nap, and give a close and small face to the cloth, and which latter part of
my said improvements may either be performed in manner herein-before
described, and represented in Sheet I. of the Drawings hereunto annexed as
a distinct and new operation in addition to the ordinary dressing and cropping
operations, or else it may be performed in the manner herein-before described
and represented in Sheet II. of the Drawings hereunto annexed, at the same
time that the dressing (or some stage thereof) is going on, and consequently
before the cropping by which that dressing is to be followed has been performed.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Clisild Daniell, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twentieth day of March, in the fifth year of
the reign of our Sovereign Lord King William the Fourth, and in the
vear of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and thirty-five.
JOSEPH CLISILD (L.S.) DANIELL.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twentieth day of March, in
the year of our Lord 1835, the aforesaid Joseph Clisild Daniell came
before our said Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the
Specification aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified,
in form above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped
according to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Twenty-fifth day of March, in the year of our Lord One
1.