IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING AND VENTILATING."
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Lovell, of Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, Scotland, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN HEATING AND VENTILATING."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Lovell at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 25th May 1858.
I, JAMES LOVELL, of Glasgow, in the County of Lavark, Scotland;
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING AND VENTILATING" to be as follows:-
My Invention is applicable to various kinds of buildings, and con-
sists in the adaptation and use of a heating furnace with hollow iron
vessels or bodies contained within a fire-proof chamber, into which
the external air is introduced, and from which it passes in a heated
state to the building. There is also within the said fire-proof chamber
another iron chamber for ventilating, furnished with ingress & egress
shafts, by means of which the impure air may be transmitted to the

page_text: exterior of the building, and a constant current and circulation of air
kept up within the building. The hollow iron vessels or bodies, which
may be of any convenient form, are to be arranged either horizontally
or perpendicularly, so as to be out of contact with the fuel in the
furnace, but to receive the heat passing therefrom, and diffuse it by
radiation over the internal surface of the said fire-proof chamber, the
smoke and deleterious gases passing out through a smoke flue to the
chimney. The external air is admitted to the upper part of the fur-
nace through a portion of the hot air chamber by means of small
pipes inserted in each side of the throat or flue leading from-the fire-
place to the hollow vessels or bodies. The warm air passes from the
chamber along a flue, and is admitted to the building in any con-
venient manner. The current of air thus produced is regulated by a
self-acting damper, so arranged that it acquires its motion by means
of a pendulum and weight.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James Lovell in the Great Seal Patent Office,
on the 25th November 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
JAMES LOVELL,. of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, Scotland, Gen-
tleman, send greeting..
of
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of May, in the year
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the six-
teenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said James Lovell, Her special licence
that I, the said Jamies Lovell, my executors, administrators, and as-
signs, or such others as I, the said James Lovell, my executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING
AND VENTILATING," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said

page_text: James Lovell, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-.
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters. Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Lovell, do hereby de-
clare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being had to the Drawings here-
unto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to
say):
"
My Invention of "Improvements in Heating and Ventilating" has
for its object the generation of heat, and its transmission to the interior
of buildings, concurrently with the abstraction of the impure heated
vapour therefrom, and its passage out of the same, in such a manner.
as also to maintain a constant circulation of fresh air therein.. And
this object is accomplished by means of apparatus consisting of a fur-
nace or fire-place communicating with a heating chamber, in which
is contained another chamber with a down-cast and up-cast shaft
for the passage of impure heated air into and out of it. There is
also a cold air drain for the admission of fresh external air into the
heating chamber. The heat, as it passes from the furnace into the
chamber, is in a great degree absorbed by the inner chamber, and by
means of this concentration of beat the impure heated air or vapour
is drawn into the latter from the floor of the building by the down-
cast shaft, and is discharged by the up-cast shaft, the fresh external
air entering the heating chamber, and, after becoming heated, being
made to pass into the building through any convenient openings in
the floor.
.
Such being the general features of my Invention, it may be con-
siderably varied as to the details of form and construction, and mode
of adaptation of the apparatus to particular buildings. Also the conduit
or inlet for fresh external air, and the flues to the chimney, may be
of various lengths, and carried in various directions, to suit particular
buidings and localities.
In order, however; that my Invention may be fully understood, T

page_text: will proceed to describe, by the aid of the accompanying Drawing, one
mode by which it may be readily carried into effect.
Fig. 1, is a vertical section; Fig. 2, an elevation; and Fig. 3, a
plan or horizontal view of the heating and ventilating apparatus, sup-
posed to be applied below the floor of a building. Fig. 4, is a vertical
section, and Fig. 5, an elevation of the ventilating apparatus or
chamber, shewing the connection therewith of the down-cast and up-
cast shafts. a, is the brickwork inclosing the heating chamber, and
containing the fire box or furnace b. This fire box is lined with fire-
brick, and is extended upwards at c, where are inserted a series of
pipes or tubes d, passing into the heating chamber e. These pipes
may be arranged as shewn or otherwise, as preferred, and may be
varied in size and number. At their end, the furthest removed from
the furnace, they are inserted into a close box f, between which and
the furnace is fixed another box y, and between these two boxes is
fixed the ventilating chamber h, containing within it a series of pipes i,
the number and size of which may be varied. The box g, is in com-
munication with the flue j, leading to the chimney. k, is the down-cast
shaft for the passage of impure heated air from the building into the
chamber h; and 4, is the up-cast shaft for the same to pass out into the
external air at an elevation. m, is the conduit or inlet for fresh external
air, through which the air may be introduced into the chamber e
from any convenient spot, the conduit or inlet being adapted to the
particular locality. », is the flue for the passage of the hot air from
the chamber e, to the building, the admission of which may he regu-
lated as desired, and there may be several openings in the floor of the
building, through which the heated air may be admitted, so as to
distribute its effects over the area of such floor and building. 0, 0, are
openings from the heating chamber e into the upper part of the
furnace b.
The operation of the apparatus is as follows:-The cat from the
furnace passes up the extended portion c, and along the tubes d, into
the close box f, whence it is returned through the tubes i, in the
ventilating chamber h, the smoke and noxious vapours passing through
the box g, into the flue j, leading to the chamber. By this means the
heat is communicated to the chamber e, by radiation, from the tubes d,

page_text: box f, and ventilating chamber h, so that the fresh air, on its introduc-
tion to the said chamber e, by the inlet m, will become heated, and
pass in a heated state out of the chamber through the flue n, whence
it is conveyed to the building in any convenient manner. At the same
time the required circulation of air is kept up by means of the chamber h,
in which there will be a considerable amount of heat concentrated, so
as to draw the impure heated air or vapour from the floor of the building
by the down-cast shaft k, and discharge it up the up-cast shaft. /, the air
or vapour entering the shorter leg k, of the syphon, being thus made to
pass through the ventilating chamber h, and to be carried up the longer
leg 7, and so discharged at an elevation. The current of air thus
produced may be regulated by a self-acting damper of any suitable
construction.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I would have it understood that
I do not mean or intend to confine myself to the precise forms and
arrangements of the parts shown and described; but what I do claim
as of my Invention is, the adaptation of apparatus for heating and
ventilating by means of a fire-proof chamber containing a heating
apparatus, and receiving constant supplies of fresh external air, such
chamber containing also a ventilating chamber, with down-cast and
up-cast shafts, as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Lovell, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, the Twenty-third day of November, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.
Witness,
J. T. LIDIARD,
50, Carey Street, Lins. Inn.
Law Stationer.
J. LOVELL. (L.S.)