Improvements in Wave Power Air Compressors.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 5th Oct., 1899-Accepted, 28th Apr., 1900
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Wave Power Air Compressors.
I, JAMES FRANK PLACE, of the Borough of Glen Ridge, County of Essex, and
State of New Jersey, United States of America, Mechanical Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
My invention relates to wave motors or mills, or to that class of motors or
mechanism intended and built for the purpose of utilizing the power of waves
of the ocean, or other large bodies of water; and the object of my invention
is to utilize the power of such water waves, by using the same to compress air
and store the latter for use in driving engines, electric dynamos and the like
or for any other purpose. The special objects of this improvement are 1st, to
secure an automatic adjustment of the air compressor to the irregularity of and
the different height, size and strength of different waves, and to the rise and
fall of the tides, thus saving all trouble and expense of adjustment from the
power station, or from the shore; 2nd, to ensure full work of the piston in the
air compressor cylinder, and complete compression and clearing of the cylinder
with every stroke; 3rd, to keep the compressor cool, without water-jacketting
the cylinder; 4th, to allow the power or Hoating buoy free and easy action at
all times, thus avoiding rigidity of parts in and straining of the mechanism; and
5th, to obtain the maximum power at the minimum cost of construction.
I attain these objects as herein set forth, by the mechanism illustrated in the
accompanying drawings in which:
Figure 1 is a side elevation of my wave power air-compressor, showing the
power float, floating air chamber or buoy; the air-compressing cylinder flexibly
connected thereto; the totally submerged air chamber or buoy beneath the float-
ing buoy, and the automatic compensating cylinder within the same; and the
fixed anchorage on the bottom below.
Figure 2 is a vertical section of all the parts shown in Figure 1, drawn to a
slightly larger scale, and showing details of air inlet, flexible connection, the
two cylinders, pistons, and so forth.
Figure 3 is a vertical section of a modified form of construction in connecting
the air compressing cylinder to the floating buoy and to the compensating
cylinder.
Figure 4 is a plan view of the plate or axis of the universal joint or flexible
connection on the under side of the floating buoy. A vertical section of this
plate or axis at right angles to the view in Figure 2, is shown in Figure 3.
Figure 5 is a plan view and also a vertical section of the light-tension spider
spring which holds the upward opening valve in the compensating piston to its
scat.
Similar reference numerals refer to similar parts throughout the several views.
1 (Figures 1 and 2) is the power float, floating air-chamber or buoy, which floats
on the surface of the water, rises and falls as the waves pass under it, and thus

page_text: operates the piston within the air-compressing cylinder. This power float may
be any ordinary floating structure, or a water-tight steel air-chamber or buoy.
A convenient form is as shown in the drawings, being a flat, circular air-chamber
with a good sized flue or opening 2, through the centre, flared trumpet-shaped
at 3 on the lower sides, or end, on the under side of the floating air-chamber or
buoy; 4 is the air-compressing cylinder, and 5 the air-compressing piston, of
equal diameter and fitted to work closely in said cylinder; and 6 (Figure 2) is
the piston-rod, which passes through the stuffing box 7 in the lower end of the
compressing cylinder, and also through the stuffing box 8 in the upper end of the
the automatic compensating cylinder 9. This cylinder I call a compensating
cylinder, because it does no work, except to automatically adjust the distance
between the two cylinders, and consequently between the floating buoy and the
submerged buoy and its anchorage below, as hereinafter described, to compen-
sate for the different height or size of the waves, and the difference in depth of
water at high and low tide. This compensating cylinder (9) I locate for con-
venience in a large flue within the totally submerged buoy 10; it may be fixed
on, the top or on the side of the submerged buoy, and it will work equally as
well; the preferred construction, however, is as shown. At 11 I place a universal
joint or flexible connection, attached to the under side of the floating buoy
(1) within the opening 2 by means of the plates 12 and 13, which are fixed to
the floating buoy. Passing through the axis, Figure 4 (shown also in Figure 3)
of this universal joint (11) I have a rubber hose or flexible conduit 14, which
is connected air-tight to the upper end of the compressing cylinder (4) at 15
(see Figure 2), and its upper end passes up through the opening in the
floating buoy, up into the air-inlet pipe 16, nearly to its top. The top of this
air-inlet (16) is protected from rain and spray by the hood 17. In the lower
part of this hood, at 18, is a circle of perforations, so as to allow any water
which may get into the hood to run out. This air inlet pipe 16 is firmly
secured, water tight to the top of the floating buoy, by means of the flange 56,
which is bolted air tight to the buoy, completely closing the top of the opening 2,
except an opening in the flange for the pipe 16. Around the top of the floating
buoy I have put a safety rail or rope 58 for convenience in handling or
examination.
to
The two cylinders are connected together endwise, substantially erect and in
line, one below the other, beneath the floating buoy, by the piston rod 6 as
shown in Figure 2, and by the piston rod 19 as shown in the modified con-
struction (Figure 3). The piston rod 6 (Figure 2) has two pistons, one on each
end a working or air-compressing piston on one end in the compressing
cylinder +. and રી compensating piston 20 in the compensating
cylinder 9, rigidly connected together by the rod, and each fitted
work air-tight 111 its respective cylinder. The totally submerged
buoy 10 (which is also used as a compressed-air storage tank or reservoir) is
located beneath the floating buoy and compressing cylinder 4, substantially in
line therewith, upright; it may be made in the shape of an ordinary upright
cylinder, or in any convenient shape; but the preferred construction is as shown,
similar in shape to a top or the frustum of a cone. The top may be rounded
as shown, or it may be fat or pressed inwardly. This submerged buoy supports
the compensating cylinder 9 and the piston rod 6 (see Figure 2); and in the
modified construction (Figure 3) it supports the piston rod 19 and the com-
pressing cylinder 4-keeping all substantially erect and in line by reason of its
buoyancy. At 21 (Figure 2) I fix an inlet valve opening into the top of the
air-compressing cylinder from the lower end of the conduit 14. At 22 is an out-
let check valve, opening from the lower part of the compressing cylinder +
(Figure 2) into the rubber hose or flexible conduit 23, which is connected to the
submerged air-chamber or buoy 10 at 24: and at 25 is a similar outlet check
valve opening from the submerged buoy into the rubber hose or flexible con-
duit 26, which is connected with other compressed-air storage tanks or reservoirs

page_text: afloat or on shore. The air-compressing piston 5 has one or more check.
valves 27 and 28, on the under side of the piston, which allow the air to pass
from the upper part of the compressing cylinder through the piston into the
lower part of the cylinder when the cylinder descends with the floating buoy
(see Fig. 2), or the piston (5) apparently rises on its up-stroke. In the piston 20
(see Fig. 2), of the compensating cylinder 9 I have both inlet and outlet, or
upward opening and downward opening relief check-valves; 29 is an outlet or
downward opening check valve, with several passages, 30 and 31, which allow
the fluid (either air or liquid) to pass from the upper side, or space above the
piston, through these passages and through the valve 29 into the lower part of
the cylinder or space below the piston. 32 and 33 is a concentric inlet or upward
opening check valve, which allows the fluid to pass through this valve from the
lower part of the cylinder to the upper part of same, or space above the piston.
The relief or downward opening check valve 29 is held to its seat by a very
strong spiral spring 34. of great tension; and the inlet or upward opening check
valve 32 and 33 is held to its seat by a light, flat spider spring 35 and 36-shown
more clearly in Figure 5. This flat spider spring I make of very thin steel,
so that it presses the valve 32 and 33 to its seat very lightly-hardly sufficient
to overcome the weight of the piston rod 6 and its two pistons 5 and 20. Spiral
spring 34 is a spring of much stronger tension than spring 35 (Figure 5)-80
strong in fact, that it will now allow the valve 29 to open at all until a greater
pressure per square inch is exerted on the valve than is set for the pressure per
square inch in the compressing cylinder or in the submerged buoy 10. At 37
(Figure 2) I fix a plug to shut off the inside of the piston rod 6 from the air space
above the check valve 29.
The piston rod 6 can be made solid. but I prefer a hollow rod, as shown in the
drawings, and it should be made of bronze or gun-metal, large in diameter and
of great strength and rigidity. At 38 is a recess in the lower cylinder-head of
the compensating cylinder 9, to form an air-cushion for the piston 20 when
the projection 39 enters the same on the limit of its downward movement; and
40 is a similar recess in the upper end of the same cylinder to serve a similar
purpose when the projection or round nut 41 enters it on the limit of its upward
movement; and 42 (Figure 2) is a similar recess in the upper end of the compress-
ing cylinder, to serve a similar purpose when the projection or round cap nut 43
on the piston 5 enters it on the limit of its up-stroke, or when the compressing
cylinder 4 descends with the power float to the limit of its downward movement
These air-cushions are for the purpose of avoiding shock and injury to the parts
as the pistons reach the limit of movement in their respective cylinders, either
up or down. By placing the check valve 22 (in Figure 2) a slight distance above
the lower cylinder head; and check valve 54 in the modified construction
(Figure 3) a slight distance below the upper cylinder-head, a similar air-cushion
is formed below the piston 5 in Figure 2 (or above the piston 52 in Figure 3)
as the limit of movement of compression by the piston is reached in the com-
pressing cylinder 4.
The compensating cylinder 9 is fastened to the submerged buoy 10 by bolts
through the concentric connecting flange 44 at the top (see Figure 2). This
enables the cylinder to be removed from the flue in the submerged buoy without
removing the cylinder-head from the cylinder. The compensating cylinder 9
can be filled with compressed air, which may be supplied through the pipe
connections 45 from the submerged buoy or it may be filled with oil or other
noncompressible liquid. In the latter case (when oil or other liquid is used)
the pipe connection 45 is dispensed with, and the apertures where it enters
are closed. In case compressed air is used in the compensating cylinder, the
piston 20 must be of larger area, and consequently the cylinder of larger
diameter, than the compressing cylinder (4) and piston 5, so that as the floating
buoy rises under the action of the waves the compressing cylinder (see Figure 2)
will rise and the piston rod 6 and its pistons will remain stationary until the

page_text: compressing piston 5 has reached the limit of its working stroke, when the
compressed air having been all forced out except what is in the air-cushion,
and the outlet check valve 22 (or 54 in the modified construction Figure 3)
having been closed by the piston, the lifting power of the floating buoy acts
directly on the compensating piston 20, and the increased pressure on the
valve 29 causes it to open which allows the fluid to pass through from above
to below the piston, and the piston (20) rises until the floating buoy reaches
the crest of the wave. If oil or any other non-compressible liquid is used in
the compensafing cylinder 9, then that cylinder may be made of the same
diameter as the compressing cylinder (4) or even of smaller diameter if desired.
At 46 I fix an eye-bolt to the lower end of the compensating cylinder, to
which is attached an ordinary block and tackle 47, the rope 48 passing to the
shore or to some convenient floating structure, by which means the floating
buoy with its compensating cylinder can be raised or lowered at convenience.
The whole is held by the fixed or ballasted anchorage 49 (see Figures 1 and 2),
which may be any sort of sunken structure loaded with weights or stones; or
it may be any fixed body resting on or fastened to the bottom beneath the sub-
merged buoy; but it must be an anchorage sufficiently heavy and strong to hold
the submerged buoy and cylinder (9) in place, and also to hold against the
lifting power of the floating buoy as it operates the air-compressor. The sub-
merged buoy and compensating cylinder may be fixed to the anchorage by any
sort of flexible connection or they may be held by the ring bolt and rods 57
and block and tackle 47 as shown.
In the modified construction shown in Figure 3, the piston rod 19 has but one
piston (20) which operates in the compensating cylinder 9. To this piston rod
I fix at the other end, rigidly and immovably the compressing cylinder 4 as shown
at 57. Then I employ another piston rod (50) which is connected to the universal
joint or flexible connection 11. This piston rod (50) is made with a conduit or
air passage 51, running through the same, and connecting with the rubber hose
or flexible conduit 14 (see Figures 2 and 3), and forming with it a continuous
air passage from the air inlet 16 to the lower part of the compressing cylinder 4,
or space below the piston 52 (see Figure 3). On top of the piston 52 I
have an inlet check valve 53, opening upward from the space in the cylinder
below to the space above the piston; and at 54 an outlet check valve opening
from the space in the cylinder above the piston (52) to the pipe connection 55
and the rubber hose or flexible conduit 23, (see Figures 2 and 3), which forms a
continuous compressed air passage from the compressing cylinder 4 to the sub-
merged air chamber or buoy 10, as before described.
It will be noticed that the compressing cylinder in Figure 2 is suspended
entirely from the floating buoy, being connected to that buoy by the universal
joint or flexible connection 11; and the compressing piston 5 is fixed to the
compensating cylinder piston rod; whereas in the modified construction (Figure 3)
the compensating piston is attached to the universal joint (or is flexibly con-
nected to the floating buoy) by the hollow piston rod 50, and the compressing
cylinder is rigidly fixed to the compensating cylinder piston rod. In the first
case (Figure 2) the compressing cylinder 4 rises and falls with the motion of
the floating buoy under the action of the waves, and the compressing piston
remains practically stationary; and in the other case (modified construction,
Figure 3) the action is reversed, the compressing piston (52) works up and down
with the floating buoy, and the compressing cylinder 4, being fixed to the com-
pensating cylinder piston rod at 57, remains stationary (see Figure 3). The
Jocation of the cylinder in either case may be transposed without detriment to
the working of the mechanism; that, is, the compensating cylinder may be ou
top, attached to the universal joint or flexible connection and floating buoy, and
the compressing cylinder below the same fixed to the submerged buoy. The pre-
ferred construction, however, is as shown in the drawings.
The submerged air-chamber or buoy 10 I make of great buoyancy, so that the

page_text: strain upward on the anchorage beneath the same is considerable after deducting
the weight of cylinder (or cylinders) pistons, and so forth. The advantages and
object of this submerged buoy are to keep the two cylinders as erect as possible
at all times, and to maintain the compensating cylinder at a uniform distance
from the anchorage or bottom. It also serves to keep the floating buoy as nearly
as possible directly over the cylinders and anchorage, all substantially in line,
so as to get the full amount of the action of the floating buoy as it rises and
falls on the waves; and to also allow it, with the aid of the flexible connection
or universal joint, to take any natural or irregular movement given to it by the
waves without straining the working parts of the mechanism.
The length of the compensating cylinder should be considerably longer than
the compressing cylinder, or of sufficient length to equal the difference between
high and low tide where located, and the difference in height of waves. The
compressing cylinder 4 should be fully as long as the height of the highest wave
where located. The compressing piston will work in the lower part of the
cylinder (or in the upper part in the modified construction, Figure 3) at all
times, regardless of the height of the waves; for it will be noticed that the check
valve 32 and 33 in the compensating piston 20 has quite a small opening, and
the tension of the spider spring 35, 36, is not sufficient to overcome the weight
of the piston rod 6 and pistons (and compressing cylinder in modified construc-
tion Figure 3). As a consequence, the piston 20 has at all times a tendency
to settle down not quickly (as the small passages in valve 32 and 33 will not
allow this) but very slowly-so that the compressing piston 5 is drawn down and
kept working at all times in the lower part of cylinder 4, taking a longer stroke
with each recurrence of a higher wave (see Figure 2). In the modified construc-
tion (Figure 3) the same tendency of the compensating piston 20 to settle down
slowly, draws the compressing cylinder 4 down also, and keeps its piston 52
working in the upper part of the cylinder-the same result being obtained, full
compression of the air regardless of the length of stroke. By this improvement
of mine the only effect of a high or storm wave is to compress a correspondingly
greater amount of air with each stroke. This is one special feature of my inven-
tion.
Hitherto a serious objection to compressing air by wave power has been the
difficulty of obtaining other than a very low pressure; for there being no com-
pensating cylinder or any other device so far as I know, for adjusting the com-
pressor to different heights of waves and varying depths of water caused by the
tides, complete compression could only be had by having a short cylinder (not
longer than the height of ordinary or very small waves); and in that case a storm
wave, or even the rise of the tide, would break or ruin the machine or its con-
nections. Hitherto if the compressing cylinder were made long enough to allow
for the difference between extreme high tide or high wave and extreme low tide
or low wave, then in ordinary weather and at any other than extreme high
tide, the piston would only work in a small proportion of its stroke and only
a trifling compression or none at all would he obtained. By my invention full
stroke and full compression of the air in the compressing cylinder is insured at
all times, whether in high or low tide or with high or low waves the degree
of compression being regulated as desired at the storage reservoirs, regardless
of tides or condition of weather, and being only limited by the strength of the
mechanism and the displacement or buoyancy of the floating buoy. This is
another special feature of my invention..
The two cylinders being submerged at all times, the heat generated by the air
compression is quickly absorbed by the water, thus avoiding the difficulty of
cooling.
The operation of my invention is briefly as follows: As the floating buoy
descends into the hollow of a wave the compressing cylinder (4) drops corre-
spondingly (see Figure 2) and as the piston 5 remains stationary the air in the
upper part of the cylinder passes through the valve 27 and 28 in the piston and

page_text: fills the space below the piston; the inlet check valve 21 and the outlet check
valve 22 having closed. As the floating buoy rises on the approaching wave,
lifting the compressing cylinder 4 with it the valves 27 and 28 close (the piston
remaining stationary) and the air below the piston is compressed until the com-
pression equals the pressure behind the check valve 22, when it is forced through
the valve 22 into the flexible conduit 23 and the submerged air chamber or
buoy 10. During this last operation (or working stroke of the piston 5) air is
drawn into the hood 17 and air-inlet 16, and through the flexible conduit 14
and valve 21 to the upper part of the cylinder (4). During this complete
operation the piston 5 remains stationary, for the valve 29 in the piston 20 in
the compensating cylinder below, has remained closed. If now the succeeding
wave is higher, or the tide rises, so that when the piston 5 reaches the bottom
of the cylinder 4 and the floating buoy has not yet reached the crest of the wave,
then the piston presses hard on the air-cushion below the check valve 22, and
immediately increased power is exerted on the rod and compensating piston 20,
and increased pressure on the relief valve 29 until the tension of the spring 34
is overcome and the valve opens; this allows the fluid in the compensating
cylinder above the piston 20 to pass down through the valve 29 and the piston
rises (with also the rod 6 and compressing piston 5) and allows the floating buoy
to reach the crest of the wave without further air-compression. The operation
in the modified construction (Figure 3) is the same except that the movements
of the cylinder 4 and compressing piston 52 are reversed, as heretofore explained.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
1st. Mechanism for utilizing the power of water waves, comprising a floating
air chamber or buoy, and a submerged cylinder flexibly connected to the under
side of said floating buoy,-substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
2nd. The combination in mechanism for utilizing the power of water waves,
of a floating air chamber or buoy, and a submerged air compressor flexibly con-
nected to the under side of said buoy,-substantially as and for the purpose set
forth.
3rd. Mechanism for utilizing the power of water waves, comprising a floating
air chamber or buoy and a submerged cylinder beneath the same; in combination
with a piston fitted to work in said cylinder; and a universal joint or flexible
connection, between said floating buoy and said cylinder,-substantially as and
for the purpose set forth.
4th. The combination in mechanism for utilizing the power of water waves,
of a floating air-chamber or buoy and a submerged cylinder beneath the same;
an air inlet conduit fixed above said floating buoy, and opening into said cylinder
below; a piston fitted to work within said cylinder; and a flexible connection
between said floating buoy and said cylinder,substantially as and for the pur-
pose set forth.
5th. The combination in mechanism for utilizing the power of water waves,
of a floating air chamber or buoy; an air compressing cylinder fitted with a piston
and submerged beneath said floating buoy; an air inlet conduit fixed to the upper
side, and a flexible connection on the under side of said floating buoy,-substan-
tially as and for the purpose set forth.
6th. Mechanism for utilizing the power of water waves, comprising a floating
air chamber or buoy, and two cylinders connected together and submerged beneath
said floating buoy,substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
7th. The combination in meclianism for utilizing the power of water waves, of
a floating air chamber or buoy, and two cylinders connected together, and flexibly
connected to and submerged beneath said floating buoy, substantially as and for
the purpose set forth.
8th. Mechanism for utilizing the power of water waves, comprising a floating

page_text: air chamber or buoy, and two cylinders connected together endwise and sub-
merged beneath said floating buoy,-substantially as and for the purpose set
forth.
9th. The combination in mechanism for utilizing the power of water waves, of
a floating air chamber or buoy, and two cylinders connected together endwise
by a piston rod and submerged beneath said floating buoy-substantially as and
for the purpose set forth.
10th. Mechanism for utilizing the power of water waves, comprising a floating
air chamber or buoy, and two cylinders each having a piston fitted to work in
same, said cylinders being connected together endwise by a piston rod, and sub-
merged beneath said floating buoy,--substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
11th. The combination in mechanism for utilizing the power of water waves,
of a floating air chamber or buoy; two cylinders submerged beneath said buoy,
and connected together endwise by a piston rod; and a flexible connection
between said buoy and said cylinders, substantially as and for the purpose set
forth.
12th. The combination in means for utilizing the power of water waves, of a
floating air chamber or buoy; and two cylinders submerged beneath said buoy.
and connected together by a piston rod; and a flexible connection between said
cylinders and said buoy,--substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
18th. The combination in mechanisin for utilizing the power of water waves,
of a floating air chamber or buoy; and two cylinders submerged beneath said
buoy, and each having a piston: all connected together substantially in line,
uprightly, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
14th. Mechanism for utilizing the power of water waves, comprising a floating
buoy and a totally submerged buoy, and two cylinders connected together end-
wise beneath said Hoating buoy, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
15th. The combination in mechanism for utilizing the power of water waves,
of two air chambers or buoys; and two cylinders, all connected together substan-
tially in line uprightly,--substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
16th. The combination in means for utilizing the power of water waves, of two
buoys, one floating on the surface of the water and one totally submerged beneath
the other, and two cylinders each having a piston, all connected together sub-
stantially erect and in line-substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
17th. The combination in mechanism for utilizing the power of water waves,
of two buoys, one floating on the surface of the water, and one totally sub-
merged and anchored beneath the other; and two cylinders, connected together
substantially erect and in line,-substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
18th. Mechanism for utilizing the power of water waves, comprising two buoys,
one floating on the surface of the water and one totally submerged and anchored
beneath the other; and two cylinders connected together endwise, all substan-
tially in line, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
19th. The combination in mechanism for utilizing the power of water waves,
of two buoys, one floating on the surface of the water, and one totally submerged
and anchored beneath the other; and two cylinders connected together endwise
by a piston rod, all substantially in line, substantially as and for the purpose
set forth.
20th. The combination in mechanism for utilizing the power of water waves,
of two buoys, one floating on the surface of the water, and one totally submerged
and anchored beneath the other; and two cylinders connected together endwise
by a piston rod, and each of said cylinders having a piston fitted to work in the
same, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
21st. Air-compressing mechanism for utilizing the power of water waves,
comprising two buoys, one floating on the surface of the water, and one totally
submerged and anchored beneath the other; and two cylinders, one an air com-
pressing cylinder and the other a compensating cylinder; said cylinders being
connected together endwise,—substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

page_text: 22nd. The combination in air-compressing mechanism for utilizing the power
of water waves, of two buoys, one floating on the surface of the water and one
totally submerged and anchored beneath the other; an air compressing cylinder
and a compensating cylinder, each of said cylinders having a piston, and said
cylinders being connected together endwise,substantially erect and in line,
substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
23rd. Air-compressing mechanism for utilizing the power of the waves, com-
prising two buoys, one floating on the surface of the water and the other anchored
beneath the same; and two cylinders connected together erect in line, one of
said evlinders being an air compressing cylinder and the other a compensating
cylinder, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
24th. The combination in air-compressing mechanism for utilizing the power
of the waves, of two buoys,-one floating on the surface of the water and the
other anchored beneath the same; and two cylinders connected together endwise
by a piston rod, one of said cylinders being an air-compressing cylinder and the
other a compensating cylinder,-substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
25th. Air-compressing mechanism for utilizing the power of water waves,
comprising two cylinders, one an air compressing cylinder and the other a
compensating cylinder, the said two cylinders being connected together by a
piston rod, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
26th. The combination in air-compressing mechanism for utilizing the power
of water waves, of two cylinders connected together by a piston rod, each of said
cylinders having a piston fitted to work therein, substantially as and for the
purpose set forth.
27th. The combination in air-compressing mechanism for utilizing the power of
water waves, of two cylinders connected together by a piston rod, each of said
cylinders having a piston fitted to work therein, and each of said pistons being
provided with valves, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
28th. The combination in air-compressing mechanism for utilizing the power
of water waves, of an air-compressing cylinder, and a compensating cylinder, each
of said cylinders having a piston and a piston rod connecting said cylinders
together endwise, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
29th. In an air-compressor operated by the power of water waves, a com-
pensating cylinder with piston, said piston being provided with a relief valve,
substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
30th. The combination in air compressing mechanism for utilizing the power
of water waves, of a floating buoy; a compressing cylinder and a compensating
cylinder a piston in said compensating cylinder; and a relief valve, whereby
and under the operation of which said compressing cylinder is adjusted to the
different heights of waves and varying depths of water, substantially as and for
the purpose set forth.
31st. The combination in air-compressing mechanism for utilizing the power
of water waves, of a floating buoy; a compressing cylinder and a compensating
cylinder, said two cylinders being connected together endwise by a piston rod;
a piston in said compensating cylinder; and a relief valve, whereby and under
the oneration of which said compressing cylinder is automatically adjusted to
the different heights of waves and varying depths of water, substantially as and
for the purpose set forth.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.