IMPROVEMENTS IN CONDENSING MACHINES FOR WORKING YARNS OF WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Beaumont, of Moate, in the County of
Westmeath, Scribbling Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CONDENSING MACHINES FOR WORKING YARNS OF WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS
SUBSTANCES."
Sealed the 9th October 1863, and dated the 18th May 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Beaumont at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
May 1863.
I, JOSEPH BEAUMONT, of Moate, in the County of Westmeath, Scribbling
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN CONDENSING MACHINES FOR WORKING YARNS OF WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS
SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in condensing machines for working yarns
of wool and other fibrous substances has for its object to increase the fineness
of the slubbing, roving, or yarn without diminishing the quantity of work
produced, thereby effecting a considerable economy in the manufacture. This
is effected by passing the slubbing between a series of pairs of rollers and
rubbers, in which certain of the rollers act as bottom rollers and rubbers, and
the other rollers act as top rollers and rubbers. Both bottom and top rollers
act as drawing rollers, and therefore the fibres or slubbing will be rubbed
between these rollers in the process of drawing. As these rollers work one
over the other, the fibres or yarn in the form of a slubbing will be drawn
between them, and at the same time will undergo the process of rubbing by

page_text: means of the same rollers, to which an endway reciprocating motion in the
direction of their axis will be communicated while they are rotating on their
axis. These rollers are rotated by means of toothed wheels and pinions
actuated by a driving wheel connected with the doffing cylinder. The draught
of the rollers is produced by increasing the size of the toothed gear by which
they are actuated, so as to cause each pair of rollers to go a little faster than
the pair immediately preceding. By this mode of condensing the slubbing
can be drawn from twenty-five to one hundred per cent. finer than by the
usual method, the quality of work depending upon the fineness of tho
substance or material employed or acted on. The particular draught required
for different descriptions of fibres is effected by changing the size of tho
pinions of the rollers, more particularly the pinions of the bottom rollers.
From the foregoing description it will be understood that the essential
feature of the Invention is passing the slubbing between consecutivo pairs of
rollers, with which the work of drawing and rubbing is performed at the same
time, so that greater fineness is thereby obtained.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Joseph Beaumont in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
18th November 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPHI
BEAUMONT, of Moate, in the County of Westmeath, Scribbling Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-sixth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, IIer heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Joseph Beaumont, Her special licenso that I, the said Joseph Beaumont,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Joseph
Beaumont, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, uso, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CON-
DENSING MACHINES FOR WORKING YARNS OF WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that 1, the said Joseph Beaumont, by
an instrument in writing under my hand and scal, should particularly describo

page_text: and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Beaumont, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the
letters and figures marked thercon (that is to say).
My Invention of "Improvements in Condensing Machines for Working
Yarns of Wool and other Fibrous Substances" has for its object to increase
the fineness of the slubbing, roving, or yarn without diminishing the quantity
of work produced on the condenser, thereby effecting a considerable economy
in the manufacture. This is effected by passing the slubbing between a series
of pairs of rollers and rubbers, in which certain of the rollers act as bottom
rollers and rubbers, and the other rollers act as top rollers and rubbers. Both
bottom and top rollers act as drawing rollers, and therefore the fibres or
slubbing will be rubbed between these rollers in the process of drawing. As
these rollers work one over the other the fibres or yarn in the form of a
slubbing will be drawn between them, and at the same time will undergo the
process of rubbing by means of the same rollers, to which an endway
reciprocating motion in the direction of their axis will be communicated while
they are rotating on their axis. These rollers are rotated by means of toothed
wheels and pinions actuated by a driving wheel connected with the doffing
cylinder, the toothed wheels and pinions being of such diameter and numbers
of teeth, and so arranged with referenco to each other, that a progressively
increasing rotary motion may be communicated thereto. It will be evident
that by progressively increasing the size of the toothed gear by which the
rollers are actuated so as to cause each pair of rollers (or if driven by pulleys
instead of geared wheels by lessening or increasing their size) to go a little
faster than the pair immediately preceding, a drawing action is given to the
rollers, so that the slubbing will be drawn out while being rubbed and con-
densed. By this mode of condensing the slubbing can be drawn from twenty-
five to one hundred per cent. finer than by the usual method, if required (the
quality of work depending upon the fineness of the substance or material
employed).
The particular draught required for different descriptions of fibres is effected
by changing the size of the pinions of the rollers, more particularly the pinions
of the bottom rollers.

page_text: In the accompanying Drawing, Fig. 1 is a plan view of so much of a con-
densing machine as is necessary to shew my Invention; Fig. 2 is an elevation
of that side of the apparatus at which the driving gear is placed; Fig. 3 is a
similar view of the opposite side, shewing the arrangement for giving the
endway motion to the rollers.
C is the doffer of a carding engine, the rest of which is not shewn in the
Drawing, as being unnecessary.
This doffer receives the wool from the
cylinder of the carding engine in the usual manner, and the wool is stripped
therefrom by means of a doffer roller D, which conducts the wool to the first
pair of rubbing rollers E, e. These rollers form the wool into a kind of
slubbing, which passes forward to the second pair of rollers F, f, to which a
somewhat quicker rotary motion is given, so that they put a draft on the wool.
The drawn-out and condensed slubbings pass to a third and fourth pair of
rubbing and drawing rollers G, g, and H, h, whereby they are drawn out and
rubbed into threads, in which form they pass through the traverser bar I,
whereby they are guided and arranged on bobbins not shewn in the Drawing,
but which are actuated by the bobbin drum J. A stud, pulley, or wheel K
receives motion from the carding engine so as to drive the doffer C, on the
axle of which is a spur wheel L, whereby the doffer roller D and the driving
gear of the rollers E, F, G, and H are actuated. This driving gear consists
of the change pinions m, m, m, m, on the axles of the under rollers and the
ntermediate change pinions c, c, c, c. Another wheel O, Fig. 1, on the axle
of the doffer roller D, gears into and drives a wheel N on the axle of the
rubbing roller E. On the axles of the lower rollers E, F, G, and H are long
pinions p, p, p, p, and on the axles of the upper or rubbing rollers are other
pinions r, r, r, r, which gear into and are driven by the long pinions p, p.
The bobbin drum J is driven by a band passing round a pulley T on the lower
drawing roller H and also round a large pulley U on the axle of the bobbin
roller. On the other end of the axle of the bobbin roller is an oblique or
zig-zag pulley V, whereby the bar I is traversed backwards and forwards, so as
to lay the threads regularly on the bobbins as they are delivered from the last
pair of drawing rollers II, h.
It will be seen by referring to the Drawing that there are two sets of
doffers and rubbing and drawing rollers adapted to the same carding engine,
and that motion is communicated from one set of doffers to the other by
means of an intermediate wheel L*, so that the two sets of apparatus may act
uniformly and simultaneously. An endway motion, so as to produce a rubbing
action, is communicated to the rollers by means of the vertical shaft l, which
is supported in a step below, and turns in bearings n, n, fixed to the framing of

page_text: the machine. Excentrics W, W, W, W, are mounted in the shaft I, and are
connected by straps to bars o, o, in which the axles of the rollers are mounted.
It will now be seen that as the vertical shaft l rotates and carries round with
it the excentrics W, W, a lateral motion will be imparted to the rollers at the
same time that they are receiving a rotary motion from the gearing, and by
this means a rubbing and drawing action will be produced.
In order to render the machine suitable for operating upon material of
various qualities, the upper rollers e, f, g, h, are mounted in moveable bearings,
which are capable of adjustment vertically, by means of set screws j, j, j, j, as
shewn in the Drawing. The pinions m, m, m, m, of the drawing rollers
E, F, G, H, and also the intermediate pinions c, c, c, c, may be changed when
required for others of different numbers of teeth. To facilitate this operation
the bearings of the pinions c, c, are made adjustable, as shewn in Fig. 2, so
that they may be set at any distance.
It will be readily understood by practical men that being enabled to use a
great variety of change wheels and pinions, I am enabled to work all kinds of
wools, from the longest and coarsest to the shortest and finest staple, and also
various mixtures of substances, thereby superseding the use of the carder and
billy in the manufacture of yarns for blankets, carpets, hosiery, and analogous
fabrics.
Having now described my Invention of "Improvements in Condensing
Machines for Working Yarns of Wool and other Fibrous Substances, and
having explained the manner of carrying the same into effect, I claim as the
Invention secured to me by Letters Patent as aforesaid, combining the rubbing
and drawing processes, as herein set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Beaumont, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twelfth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.
o Witness,
THOMAS PARSONS,
of Monte,
Co Westmeath.
JOSEPH BEAUMONT. (L.s.)