IMPROVEMENTS, IN HEATING, VENTILATING, AND SEWERING COTTAGES OR DWELLING HOUSES
Year: 1852

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James. Johnson, of Worsley, in the County
of Lancaster, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS,
IN HEATING, VENTILATING, AND SEWERING COTTAGES OR DWELLING
HOUSES"
D
•
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Johnson"
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,*
on the 9th October 1852.
I, JAMES JOHNSON, of Worsley, in the County of Lancaster, Gentle-;
man, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN HEATING, VENTILATING, AND SEWERING COTTAGES OR DWELLING,
HOUSES "to be as follows:
.ff
When convenient or practicable I would build a number of cottages,
or dwelling houses together, having a declivity or hill to form terraces,
or the foot of a bridge, as generally presented at railway stations, for
the site.

page_text: Instead of having a separate chimney or flue for cach house or
cottage, I make one common flue or chimney at some convenient
distance from the cottages or houses. I convey the smoke from all the
fires, however numerous, under the said cottages or houses, to the
common flue, by incans of tunnels or culverts, which keep the founda-
tions and walls perfectly dry, and heat the rooms under which they
pass.
1
I construct an oven, grate, and boiler for each house in one piece, the
over and boiler being over the fire; and the smoke passing through
flues behind the oven into the common flue, as before described, by
which arrangement a great saving of fuel is effected, and the rooms or
apartments regularly heated.
As a general principle of ventilation I leave cavities or recesses at
certain distances within or between the walls, extending from top to
bottom of the sanic, with perforated plates inserted in the walls of cach
room, and communicates with the said cavities or recesses. These
cavities, recesses, or chambers within or between the walls also-
communicate with the common flues as before mentioned, which create
a draught or strong current of air sufficient to ventilate any rooni or
building, however extensive. My my principle or system of sewering
combines both inside and outside drainage; for the outside I construct
the sewers in the shape of a V, or sharp angle, to prevent stoppages,
and make communications inside the houses between the said angle
sewers and the cavities or recesses in the walls as before mentioned, so.
that all the, slops or waste water may be discharged at once from the
respective rooms in which it or they accumulate, without the trouble of
carrying it or them outside the houses, and making unsightly pools in
the streets.
-
I desire it to be distinctly understood that I do not confine myself
to the exact details herein expressed, as this is only an outline of my
invention or improvements, which I will more fully explain in my
Completo Specification.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James Johnson in the Great Seal Patent Office,
on the 9th April 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
JAMES JOHNSON, of Worsley, in the County of Lancaster, Gentleman,
send greeting.
•
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her.
Royal Letters Patent, bearing date the Ninth day of October, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-two, in
the sixteenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said James Johnson, Iler especial
license that I, the said James Johnson, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said James Johnson, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
HEATING, VENTILATING, AND SEWERING COTTAGES OR DWELLING HOUSES,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said James Johnson,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of my said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, by an instru-
ment in writing under my hand and scal, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent, as reference
being thereunto had will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Johnson, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed; to be particularly described and ascertained.
in and by the following statement, that is to say:
My Invention relates,-Firstly, to an improved method of heating.
cottages or dwelling houses, which I accomplish by constructing the:
fire grate, oven, and boiler. all in one. frame-work,. and one. above the
other; for instance, I arrange the oven over the fire grate, and the:

page_text: boiler over the oven, so that the heat from the fire ascends flues which
surround both the oven and boiler, and thus keep them always heated
and to heat the rooms 1 continue the said flues from the oven and
boiler aforesaid by recesses in the walls and tunnels or culverts under
the cottages to keep the walls and foundations perfectly dry, and
convey the smoke to a coninion chimney built in any convenient
position or place, so as to answer the purpose of a chimney for any
number of houses or cottages that may be connected or contiguous, to
each other. I also construct and arrange the flues so that the smoke
will ascend at, the back of the oven and boiler, and I leave spaces for
cleaning the same. Secondly; to an improved method of ventilating
cottages or dwelling houses, which I accomplish by leaving cavities or
recesses. at certain distances within, or. between, the walls, extending
from. the top to the bottom thereof, with perforated plates inserted in
the walls of each room to communicate with the said cavities.
I also
make these cavities.or recesses communicate with the common flues
before mentioned, by. which a draught or strong current of, air is
obtained sufficient.to ventilate any room or building, however extensive.
Thirdly, to an improved method of sewering, which combines botli
inside and outside drainage; for the outside I construct the sewers in
the shape of a V, or sharp angle, to prevent stoppages, and I make
communications between the said angle sewers and the cavities or
recesses in the walls, as before referred to, so that all the slops or waste
water may be discharged at once through the said cavities or recesses
from the respective rooms in which it accumulates, without the trouble
of carrying it outside the houses and making unsightly pools in the
streets. All the water from the roofs of the houses will also pass down
and through the said sewers, and thus assist in keeping them clean; and
these recesses will also serve the purposes of fixing water-closets which
can be placed in any convenient position of the buildings. The con-
struction and arrangement of the fire grate, oven, and boiler are shewn
in the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, on which the same letters of
reference are used to represent similar parts where different views or
diagrams are shewn. Figure 1, is a front elevation of my improved
fire grate, oven, and boiler; Figure 2, a side elevation of same; and 8

page_text: Figure 8, a plan thereof; a, represents the fire grate; b, the oven;
c, the boiler; and d, the flues.
Having thus described the nature and particulars of my said In-
vention, I desire it to be distinctly understood that I do not confine
myself to the precise details herein described, as such may be varied
or modified without departing from the principle thereof; but I claim
as new and of my Invention, firstly, the improved method of heating
cottages or dwelling houses as hercin described; secondly, the improved
method of ventilating cottages or dwelling houses as herein described;
and thirdly, the improved method of sewering as herein described.
In witness whereof, 1, the said James Johnson, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Seventh day of April, One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-three.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the
within-named James Johnson in
the presence of
E. J. ПUGHES,
JAMES JOHNSON. (L.B.)
Patent Agent,
Manchester.