IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COKE."
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Lazarus Simon Magnus, of No. 3, Adelaide
Chambers, in the City of London, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COKE."-A communication.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Lazarus Simon Magnus at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and
Declaration, on the 1st September 1856, pursuant to the 9th Section of
the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, LAZARUS
SIMON MAGNUS, of No. 3, Adelaide Chambers, in the City of London, send
greeting.
WHEREAS I, the said Lazarus Simon Magnus, have this day signed a
petition to Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, praying Her said
Majesty to grant to me, my executors, administrators, and assigns, Her
Royal Letters Patent, and Her special licence that I, the said Lazarus
Simon Magnus, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said Lazarus Simon Magnus, my executors, administrators, or assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term of fourteen years, should and lawfully might make,

page_text: use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COKE,"
NOW KNOW YE, I, the said Lazarus Simon Magnus, by this instrument
in writing under my hand and seal, do hereby declare the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be par-
ticularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement, that
is to say:
The object of my said Invention is to produce a description of coke heavier
and harder than that now in use, and possessing superior heating power. To
attain this object, I mix pulverized coals of different varieties in such propor-
tions that there may be a much less quantity of the useful elements of the full
dissipated in the process of coking than is necessarily consequent upon the
ordinary practice, in which bituminous coal is alone employed. When the
hydrogen, which enters so largely into the composition of the bituminous
varieties of coal, is expelled by 'the heat in the process of coking, it carries off
a portion of the carbon in the varying proportions of the different hydro-
carbons and leaves the residue, presenting the well-known porous or cellular
appearance of ordinary coke; but in the process constituting this Invention the
coals are prepared for the ordinary process of coking by crushing or grinding,
and are then mixed together in the proportion of about two-thirds bituminous
coal and about one-third of steam, anthracite, or other dry coal of which the
carbon is the preponderating element. In the above proportion, which ex-
perience has proved to give the best result, the coking operation dissipates less
of the heating power of the full, and the more carbonaceous portion of the
mixture having been brought into intimate contact with that containing the
larger quantity of volatile matter, the coke produced is more valuable, when
merely considered from an economic point of view, and possesses those qualities
of hardness and compactness which are essential for smelting purposes, so that
a larger charge than is ordinarily used may be operated upon at once without
crushing the lowermost layer of coke, and' also for land and marine locomotion
where the full must stow in as small a space as possible, and sustain without
deterioration a large amount amount of handling.
I also produce a greater percentage of coke than hitherto in consequence
of the fixation of part of the carbon, which ordinarily passes off in combination
with the hydrogen, the gas which escapes in my process being much less highly
carburetted than in the common process. The coking of the mixture.is per-
formed in the usual manner in close ovens until no more gas passes off, and it

page_text: has been found advisable to cover the floor of the oven with a thin layer of
unmixed pulverized bituminous coal.
While I do not claim the mere mixing of different varieties of coal for the
purpose of making coke, as the same may have been previously accidently
performed, I do claim as my Invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent,
the process of crushing or grinding and mixing varieties of coal of different
chemical constitution, as above described, for the purpose of producing a hard
and compact coke of superior heating power.
In witness whereof, I, the said Lazarus Simon Magnus, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of August, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
LAZS SIMON MAGNUS. (L.S.)