AND IN- PROVED SQUARE OR PARTIALLY SQUARE CORNERED BONDING ROLL TILES
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Young Poole, of Weston-super-Mare,
in the County of Somerset, for the Invention of "New AND IN-
PROVED SQUARE OR PARTIALLY SQUARE CORNERED BONDING ROLL TILES."
Sealed the 28th April 1874, and dated the 7th November 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Young Poole
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 7th November 1873.
I, EDWARD YOUNG POOLE, of Weston-super-Mare, in the County
of Somerset, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"NEW AND IMPROVED SQUARE OR PARTIALLY SQUARE CORNERED BONDING ROLL
TILES," to be as follows:-
Whereas it has hitherto been the method in the manufacture of all
the roll tiles to cut off at least two corners diagonally (Fig. 1) in order
that the tiles of the upper course may occupy their proper position with
regard to the lower course in relation to the lap; for if the corners were
not cut off the upper course would not take its proper bearing upon the

page_text: "
lower course, but would override. This is not the case with plane tiles or
slates which are laid to "break joint; the joints of two upper slates
resting upon the plane surface of the one under.
The object of this Invention is to combine the roll and fillet principlo
of the roll tiles with the "break joint" principle of the slates or "plane "
tiles, and so to get rid of the cut-off corners, as the following description
will explain.
The new tile previously mentioned is square at each of the four
corners (subject to the taper of the roll and fillet) and is laid to "break
joint" as in the case of slates or plane tiles, with this advantage, that
by making use of the roll and fillet a much lighter roof is obtained than
in the case of plane tiles. The object is attained in the following manner
(Fig. 3). There is a fillet the whole length of the tile on the one side
and a roll fitting this fillet the whole length of the tile on the other side
(or there may be rolls to each side and fillets to each side alternately,)
but not preferably), and in the middle there is a roll not quite the
length of the tile by as much as will be equal to the lap of the upper
tiles. This roll also forms a stop to the upper tiles, or it may be shorter
still and not form a stop (Fig. 4).
The method of laying is as follows:-' -The first course is laid as usual,
the next course above will then be laid to "break joint" with their rolls
and fillets resting upon the plane surface above the shorter roll in the
centre of the tile below them, and in like manner with the other courses
(Figs. 7 and 8). This "breaking joint" also forms a "bonding" principle
of a very important kind, for not only does the lower tile form a bond
or tie to the two tiles above it, but the middle roll of an upper tile
forms a gripe to the roll and fillet of the two tiles below it (Figs. 9
and 10).
It will be understood by this "breaking joint" that every alternate
course will require half-tiles at the gables; these are easily obtained by
dividing a tile at the middle roll, or these half-tiles may be made for the

page_text: They form a compact roof, well bonded, and as light as ordinary roll
tiles. The eaves are also perfect, as they form a straight line, and the
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Edward Young Poole in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 6th May 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWARD
YOUNG POOLE, of Weston-super-Mare, in the County of Somerset, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of November, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the
thirty-seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Edward Young Poole,
Her special licence, that I, the said Edward Young Poole, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Edward
Young Poole, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an In-
vention for "NEW AND IMPROVED SQUARE. OR PARTIALLY SQUARE CORNERED
BONDING ROLL TILES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said Edward Young Poole, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edward Young Poole, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the

page_text: same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, reference being had to the accom-
panying Drawings, and to the figures and letters marked thereon, that
is to say:
In the manufacture of roll tiles it has hitherto always been usual to
cut off at least two corners of the same diagonally in order that the tiles
of the upper course, when laid, may occupy their proper position with
regard to the lower course in relation to the "lap;" for it the corners
were not so cut off the upper course would not take its proper bearing
upon the lower course but would override the latter. This is not the case
with plane tiles or slates which are laid so as to "break joint" the joints
of two upper tiles or slates resting upon the plane surface of the one
below.
The object of my said Invention is to combine the roll and fillet
principle of the roll tiles with the "break joint" principle of the slates
or plane tiles, and so as to get rid of the cut-off corners.
The tiles made in accordance with my said Invention are square at
each of the four corners (subject to the taper of the roll and fillet), and
are laid to "break joint" as in the case of slates or plane tiles, with this
advantage, that by making use of the roll and fillet a much lighter roof
is obtained than in the case of plane tiles. This object is attained in
the following manner :-A fillet is formed along the whole length of the
tile on the one side, and a roll fitting this fillet along the whole length of
the tile on the other side, or there may be rolls to each side and fillets to
each side alternately, but not preferably, and in the middle is formed a
roll not quite the length of the tile, by as much as will be equal to the
lap of the upper tiles. This roll also forms a stop to the upper tiles,
or it may be made still shorter and so as not to form a stop.
The method of laying the tiles is as follows:-The first course is laid
in the usual way, the next course above is then laid to "break joint"
with the rolls and fillets resting upon the plane surface above the shorter
roll in the centre of the tile below them, and in like manner with the
other courses. This arrangement of "breaking joint" also involves a
"bonding" principle of a very important kind, for not only does the
lower tile form a bond or tie to the two tiles above it, but the middle
roll of an upper tile forms a grip to the rolls and fillets of the two tiles
below it.

page_text: ""
It will be understood that by "breaking
joint overy alternate
course will require half tiles at the gables, such half tiles being readily
obtained by dividing a tile at the middle roll, or they may be made
expressly for the purpose.
I should here mention that the rolls may be made either round,
square, or polygonal, and either with plain or ornamental surfaces.
I will now proceed to refer to the accompanying Drawings from
which the nature of my said Invention will be more clearly understood.
In Sheet 1, Figure 1 is an isometrical view of the under side of a tile
formed in accordance with my said Invention, Figure 2 being a view of
the upper side of the same. The fillet with the stop end is shewn at A,
the roll at B, and the shorter roll at C. The rolls and fillet being of a
tapered form the wide end of the fillet is made hollow with its end
stopped; but if preferred, the end of the roll B may be stopped either
way instead. When the parts are of parallel or similar width with the
larger middle roll to cover the upper end of the side roll B, then the
fillet need not be hollow.
In Sheet 2, Figure 1 represents the old roll tile with cut-off corners;
Figure 2, shewing old roll tiles overstretched; Figure 3 shows the square
cornered bonding roll tile with the circular roll; and Figure 4 the same
with the shorter middle roll; Figure 5 is a tile with a square ornamental
roll j and Figure 6 is a tile with an angular roll; Figure 7 represents
the tiles when being laid, shewing the "stop" middle roll at a; Figure 8
being a similar view but shewing the "shorter" middle roll at b;
Figure 9 shews at a¹ the upper tile, at 6¹ the left hand tile, and at c
the right hand tile; Figure 10 shews the left hand tile at c¹, the
right hand tile at c³, and the lower tile at d; Figure 11 is a section of
the shorter middle roll; and Figure 12 a section of the "stop" middle
roll. In these figures the several letters of reference indicate similar
parts.
A is the fillet, otherwise called a rib, flange, or ridge, the same being
made either solid or partly hollow with a stop end to lighten it, B is the
roll to cover the fillet A on the next tile. The parts A and B form con-
tinuous side barriers to the tile; C is the shorter roll to cover and grip
the joint formed by the roll and fillet B and A, and as much as the lap
above for the lap of
will allow it to "break joint" with a plane surface
the upper tiles; D and E are the square, that is to say, perfect corners

page_text: "
substituted for the cut-off corners F and G in the old form of tiles. The
term "
is to be understood to mean that the side barriers
square corners
before mentioned are continued to the ends at the top and bottom of
the tile in the direction of their length, and by "partially square" is
meant any modification of the corners which would include the principle
of continued side barriers with breaking joint and rectangular lap to roll
tiles. The rolls and fillets may be formed either of parallel width, with
larger middle roll, or tapering, so as to give uniformity of form and
appearance.
The several parts of the tiles are not confined to any particular sec-
tional or other shape, nor is it necessary although it is preferrable, to
confine the number of the middle rolls to one. The side roll may be
either an attached part to the tile with the fillet on the other side, or it
may be a detached part, used upon the tiles with the before mentioned
fillets on each side in a manner similar to the "imbrex" and " tegula "
of the Italians, in which case the middle roll binds the "tegula" down
without requiring mortar or cement.
The tiles forming the subject of my said Invention may be made
by hand or by means of any suitable mechanical appliances and
machinery.
It should be mentioned that the term "bond" is to be understood in its
general sense, and that the effect of the general bond obtained by means
of my said Invention prevents the stripping off of the tiles by the wind.
It should also be observed that a preferable method of cutting the half
tiles for gables (which operation may be performed whilst the tiles are
"green" or unbaked) is in quarter and three-quarter parts down the
length of the plane surface of the tiles, as a straight line is thus formed
to the edge, and the capping is enabled to rest better upon the tiles.
One great advantage resulting from the use of my said Invention is
that there can be no overstretching laterally so as to open the tiles as
with cut-off corners, and thus to allow of the entrance of drift. A compact
well bonded roof is formed, and the same is as light as when constructed
with ordinary roll tiles. The eaves are also perfect, as they form a
straight line, and the fillets are brought down to the bottom of the rolls
in every case.
Having thus described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I would observe in

page_text: conclusion that what 1 consider novel and original, and therefore claim
as constituting the Invention secured to me by the said herein-before in
part recited Letters Patent are, the construction and method of using
square or partially square cornered bonding roll tiles, substantially as
and for the purposes herein-before set forth and described, or any mere
modifications thereof.
part recited Letters Patent are, the construction and method of using
square or partially square cornered bonding roll tiles, substantially as
and for the purposes herein-before set forth and described, or any mere
modifications thereof.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Young Poole, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Fifth day of May, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
four.