IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PULLEYS FOR TRACTION AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Archer, junior, of the Dunston Engine
Works, near Gateshead-on-Tyne, in the County of Durham, Engi-
neer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
PULLEYS FOR TRACTION AND OTHER PURPOSES."
Sealed the 8th April 1873, and dated the 12th October 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Archer at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th October 1872.
I, THOMAS ARCHER, junior, of the Dunston Engine Works, near
Gateshead-on-Tyne, in the County of Durham, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF PULLEYS FOR TRACTION AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
་
My Invention has for its object the casting of pulleys in such a
manner as to obviate the necessity for afterwards turning or otherwise
finishing their peripheries and the hole in the boss for the axle, and also
to give increased hardness to these parts. For this purpose instead of
casting the whole pulley in sand as usual the periphery and the hole in
the boss for the axle are cast in metal chills. And this is effected by

page_text: means of a metal ring for casting the periphery, and a metal pin or plug
for casting the hole in the boss.
The internal surface of the metal ring corresponds with that required
for the outer surface of the said periphery, which said outer surface is
thereby formed with the requisite truth and accuracy, and hardened as
required by the contact of the molten metal with the chilling surface of
the ring during the process of casting.
The casting ring is or may be formed in two or more parts, by pre-
ference enclosed and held together by an outer ring. And the ring is
required to be of sufficient strength to resist the sudden expansion
caused by the pouring in of the molten metal. The casting of the holo
in the boss is effected by means of a metal pin or plug which may be
inserted in the bottom plate of the mould box. The interior of the said
ring is filled with sand except in the spaces left to receive the bars of
iron or molten metal in order to form the arms of the pulley.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Thomas Archer in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 12th April 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
ARCHER, junior, of the Dunston Engine Works, near Gateshead-on-
Tyne, in the County of Durham, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twelfth day of October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the thirty-sixth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Thomas Archer, junior, Her special licence that I,
the said Thomas Archer, junior, executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said Thomas Archer, junior, executors, ad-
ministrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, tho Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
facture of PulleYS POR TRACTION AND OTHER PURPOSES," upon the condition

page_text: (amongst others) that I, the said Thomas Archer, junior, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Archer, junior, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto
annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say) :-
My Invention has for its object the casting of pulleys in such a
manner as to obviate the necessity for afterwards turning or otherwise
finishing their peripheries, and the hole in the boss for the axle, and also
to give increased hardness to these parts. For this purpose instead of
casting the whole pulley in sand as usual, the periphery and the hole in
the boss for the axle are cast in metal chills. And this is effected by
means of a metal ring for casting the periphery, and a metal pin or plug
for casting the hole in the boss.
'
The internal surface of the metal ring corresponds with that required
for the outer surface of the said periphery, which said outer surface is
thereby formed with the requisite truth and accuracy, and hardened as
required by the contact of the molten metal with the chilling surface of
the ring during the process of casting.
The casting ring is or may be formed in two or more parts, by pre-
ference enclosed and held together by an outer ring, and the ring is
required to be of sufficient strength to resist the sudden expansion
caused by the pouring in of the molten metal. The casting of the hole
in the boss is effected by means of a metal pin or plug which may be
inserted in the bottom plate of the mould box. The interior of the said
ring is filled with sand, except in the spaces left to receive the bars of
iron or molten metal which form the arms of the pulley.
Having thus stated the nature of the said Invention I will proceed to
describe more particularly in what manner the same is to be performed
by the aid of the accompanying Drawings, in which are represented the
metal casting rings above referred to.

page_text: Fig. 1 is a vertical section shewing the casting rings or mould box;
Fig. 2 is a plan or horizontal view of the same; Fig. 3 is a similar section
shewing another arrangement of casting rings; Fig. 4 is a plan or hori-
zontal view of the same; Fig. 5 represents on an enlarged scale the
central pin or plug for casting the hole in the boss; and Fig. 6 is a plan
or horizontal view of the same. In these several Figures the same letters
of reference indicate corresponding parts.
a, a, is a cast-iron ring formed in pieces held together by outer iron
rings b, b.
c, c, are a top and bottom ring, with a hole in the centre,
fitted within the, larger rings a, a, as a means of holding the steel central
pin d in a vertical position as required. The outer ring or mould box a, a,
is divided horizontally through the middle in order to admit of the
pattern being removed from the sand, which is also divided in the usual
way of moulding, and the pattern is likewise inserted as usual to form
the mould of the arms and boss. The outer ring a, a, may also be made
of the full depth in one piece and divided vertically, as shewn in Fig. 2.
e, e, are the spaces filled in with sand. ff, represent the arms. The
central steel pin d has a collar g on it for the purpose of forming the
hole in the boss of the pulley, and it has also a portion cut out at one
side in order to insert a piece of iron for forming the keyway in the
said hole. The inside of the collar 7 is tapered as shewn, and the pin
being correspondingly tapered can be easily removed as required. This
tapering of the pin causes the requisite pressure on the collar g and the
keyway picco, and they can be easily removed as required.
On reference to Fig. 1 it will be seen that the internal surface of the
metal ring a, a, corresponds with the required outer surface of the
periphery of the pulley, so that this portion of the pulley will be cast in
the metal chill formed around it by the corresponding portion of the
ring a, a, and will be thereby formed with the requisite truth and
accuracy, and hardened as required.
The casting of the hole in the boss is also effected in a similar manner
by the collar g on the central pin d, acting as a metal chill on the
internal surface of the said hole.
In Fig. 3 is shewn another arrangement intended for chilling the
angular sides of the periphery of the pulley, and not its grooved surface.

page_text: In this case the mould box has two rings i and k for holding the sand.
The inner ring & chills the angular sides of the pulley in contact with it.
The box is divided horizontally through the middle and has no vertical
divisions.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I hereby declare that what I claim
as of my Invention is, the mode described of casting pulleys in such a
manner as to obviate the necessity of afterwards turning or otherwise
finishing their grooved peripheries, and the hole in the boss for the axle,
and also to give increased hardness to these parts by casting such parts
in metal chills, as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Archer, junior, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Tenth day of April, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three.
Witness,
FRED. S. NEWALL,
Gateshead.
THOMAS ARCHER, JUN³. (L.8.)