IN BORING OR EXCAVATING AND BLASTING ROCKS AND MINERALS, AND IN THE OR THE TOOLS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1865

page_text: IN BORING OR EXCAVATING AND BLASTING ROCKS AND MINERALS, AND IN THE
OR
THE TOOLS EMPLOYED THEREIN."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Julian Bernard at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
April 1865.
I. JULIAN BERNARD, of Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of Middlesex.
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for IMPROVE-
MENTS IN BORING OR EXCAVATING AND BLASTING ROCKS AND MINERALS, AND IN
THE TREATMENT OF THE TOOLS EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as follows:
This Invention relates. first, to the use and employment of a novel
cartridge for containing the blasting charge, and consists in so forming the
cartridge that the explosive agent employed is protected from the possibility
of being crushed or pressed, and is at the same time rendered waterproof.
which prefer being done by either gutta percha or a solution of india-rubber.
DQ/1

page_text: The charge is protected from being crushed by being enclosed in a cylindrical
casing of such strength as to resist any desired pressure. the casing being
provided with openings in it so as to allow the blasting agent to act freely on
the substance to be blasied. In some instances I employ a protector for the
explosive material, shaped somewhat similar to a cotton reel, and I place the
blasting agent round its stem, the necessary fuse or wire passing through one
of its ends. the whole being properly secured by means of an outer casing.
Secondly, this Invention consists in the use and employment of a peculiar
and novel tool or instrument which I employ for blasting. li consists of a
bar of metal, which is of a smaller diameter at any desired part or parts in its
length than at the ends round which small part or parts is placed the explosive
material, and afterwards protected by suitable means, such as waterproof
covering. The bar is then inserted in a hole formerly made and the charge
ignited, which I prefer doing by means of electricity, as is well understood.
I make a central hole in the bar for carrying the requisite wire. I sometimes
employ a peculiar expanding collar or ring on a part of the bar, which pari.
I make conical, and which conical part is placed on or attached to a parallel
rod, but of a smaller diameter than the outer portion of the bar, and which I
make hollow for receiving the smaller rod. By this arrangement the outer
portion of the bar can be forced against the expanding ring and conical collar
or part of the bar, and in this way can be made to tighten the bar and act as
a "tamping."
Thirdly, in placing over or against the "tamping" over the blasting charge
a moveable weight., which I effect by placing in or over the partially filled hole
a bar, which passes through a hole in the said weight, such bar being fur-
nished with a stop to retain the weight in its required position. By means of
these bars several parts simultaneously can be discharged at once, as there
may be several cartridges employed at relative distances apart as before
referred to, it not being always desirable in very deep holes to confine the
charge to the bottom.
This is
Fourthly, this Invention relates to and consists of improved tools for cutting
and boring rocks and hard formations, and in the means and method I
employ for shaping and treating such tools, and which operations I partly
perform by means of suitable dies shaped as may be required,
effected by placing or securing such die or dies in a suitable seat or rest, and
pressing or striking the tool to be operated upon until it assumes its proper or
required form, which operation is rapidly effected in the following manner and
by the following means:- place the die properly secured in the lower part

page_text: of a frame, proper guides being placed over it to regulate and guide the tool
or tools to be shaped or formed, which are placed over or against the die or
dies; this frame contains a drop or weight. which is allowed to fall in proper
grooves or guides on the tool, until its formation is completed by contact with
the die this weight is raised by means of a cam or other suitable means,
and may be released in a similar manner to the weight of a pile-driving
machine, or the direct action of a steam hammer, or other means may be
employed for giving a blow.
Fifthly, in making the cutting edge of serrated cutting or boring tools
with their teeth or serrations disposed or formed at different angles in different
portions of the same tool; so that a slight movement of the tool will cause
the serrations of one part of the tool to cut in a different direction on the rock
to that of the teeth last previously acting thereon.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Julian Bernard, in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
28th October 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I. JULIAN
BERNARD, of Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria. by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five. in the twenty-eighth year of Her
reign. did for Herself. Her heirs and successors. give and grant unto me, the
said Julian Bernard. Her special license that 1. the said Julian Bernard,
my executors. administrators, and assigns. or such others as the said
Julian Bernard. my executors, administrators. or assigns. should at
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed. should and lawfully might make. use.
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
BORING OR EXCAVATING AND BLASTING ROCKS AND MINERALS, AND IN THE TREAT.
MENT OF THE TOOLS EMPLOYED THEREIN," upon the condition (amongst others)
that 1, the said Julian Bernard, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my hand and seal. should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal

page_text: Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Julian Bernard, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the follow-
ing statement. reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and to
the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:-
My said Invention relates. firstly, to the use and employment of a novel
cartridge for containing the blasting charge employed in blasting rocks and
minerals, and consists in so forming the cartridge that the explosive agent
employed is protected from the possibility of being crushed or pressed verti
cally, and is at the same time rendered waterproof, which I prefer being done
either by gutta percha or a solution of india-rubber. The charge is protected
from being crushed vertically by being enclosed in a cylindrical casing of such
strength as to resist any desired pressure, the casing being also provided with
openings in it, which allow the blasting agent to act freely on the substance
to be blasted. In some instances 1 employ a protector for the explosive
material shaped somewhat similar to a cotton reel, and I place the blasting
agent round its stem, the necessary fuse or wire passing through one of its
ends, and the whole properly secured by means of an outer casing.
Secondly, my Invention relates to and consists in the means and method I
employ for shaping and treating tools intended for cutting and boring rocks
and hard formations, which operations I perform by means of suitable dies
shaped as may be required. This is effected by placing or securing such die
or dies in a suitable seat or rest, and pressing or striking the tool to be
operated upon until it assumes its proper or required form; or the tool may
be placed in a seat or rest and the blows applied to the die. This operation
is rapidly effected in the following manner and by the following means:-1
place the die, properly secured, in the lower part of a frame, suitable guides
being placed over it to regulate and guide the tool or tools to be shaped or
formed, which are placed over or against the die or dies. This frame contains
a drop hammer or weight which is allowed to fall (in proper guiding grooves
in the frame) upon the tool, the formation of which is completed by forcible
contact with the die. The weight or drop may be raised by means of a cam
or other suitable means, and may be released in a similar manner to the
weight of a pile driving machine, or a direct-acting power-hammer, hydraulic
press, or other mechanical contrivance may be adopted for giving the
necessary blows or pressure.
And in order that the said Invention may be fully understood, I shall now

page_text: proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose shall
refer to the several Figures on the annexed Sheet of Drawings, the same letters
of reference indicating corresponding parts in all the corresponding Figures.
Figure of the annexed Sheet of Drawings represents a vertical section of
a blasting cartridge. constructed in accordance with the first head of my
Invention.
. A represents a cast-iron or other metal core. shaped somewhat like a
cotton reel, and consisting of a central stem and a top and bottom flange a. a'.
This core is inserted into a copper or other suitable casing B. the space
between the stem of the core and the inner sides of the casing and flanges
being filled with any desired blasting agent. In my Drawing I have repre-
sented gum cotton as the agent employed, which is wrapped round the stem
of the core. C is a protruding end of the gun cotton, or a wire employed for
firing the charge which is passed out through a hole in the top flange made
for that purpose. After the core and blasting charge have been inserted into
the casing BI propose, with a view to protecting the charge from damp and
moisture, to lay a disc D of guta percha, india-rubber, or other good water-
proof material upon the end of the core, so as to completely cover the same
and form a tight joint or packing between the core and the outer casing.
I
also propose to introduce a packing b. of india-rubber or other good material
for the purpose between the periphery of the top flange of the core and the
interior of the casing. It will be obvious that the charge in a cartridge of this
construction cannot possibly be injured either by damp or by being crushed
vertically. the strength of the core effectually preventing the latter con-
tingency, whilst the metal casing, waterproof covering, and packing effectually
prevent all risk of injury from the former cause. I shall now proceed to
describe more particularly the second head of my Invention, which is illus-
trated by the rest of the Figures of the Drawing.
Figure 2 represents a side elevation. partly in section. shewing a machine
for carrying out my improved method, and means of forming or shaping
mining tools. Figure 3 is a sectional plan of the same taken along the line
1-2 (Figure 2). and Figure 4 is a side view of a part of the machine above
the line 34 (Figure 2). the front guiding standard A being removed in order
more clearly to show other parts and details of the machine. Figure 5
represents an enlarged view of a tubular die B with a mandril C, which is
employed in forming hollow or tubular tools or crown cutters, such as repre-
sented at Figures 6 and in plan and vertical section respectively. Figure 8
represents an enlarged detail elevation of a suitable die for forming the tool

page_text: represented in elevation and plan at Figures 9 and 10 respectively; and
Figure 1 shows an arrangement of parts consisting of a plate D, and two
pieces or jaws E. E', which can be readily removed from the machine or
placed therein, and substituted for the two moveable pieces or jaws F. F',
shewn in the machine at Figures 2 and 3. The registering pins a. a',
(Figure 1) insure the proper position of the plate D in the machine. by
taking into two corresponding holes b, b', (Figure 2) formed in the bed plate (.
A die H. corresponding in form to that shewn at Figure 8 is represented in
the detail Figure 11. which arrangement is substituted for the parts F. F¹.
(Figure 3) when it is found more convenient or desirable to place the die in
a bed below the tool, to be formed as shewn in Figure 11. in which case the
tool I would receive the blow or pressure instead of the die H. Figures 12
and 13 represent in elevation and plan another modification of tool, which is
more especially adapted to cutting grooves, such as are frequently required in
slate quarries: such modifications are easily produced in the machine referred
to, the parts E, E. and F. F., being formed and shaped to suit any required
size or form of die and tool. The operation of the machine is as follows:-
The slide being drawn in the direction of the arrow (Figure 3) by means
of the handle L, until it occupies the position indicated by the dotted lines at
c. c. the jaws F. F, will, under the action of the springs M. M', expand or
open so as to admit more readily of the tool or die being placed therein, the
vertical travelling stand or support N, N', having been previously adjusted to
the proper height; this can be easily done by raising or lowering such parts
at pleasure by the aid of a counterweight and pulley or otherwise, the detents
d. d, by taking into the toothed rack e. c. as shewn, enabling the operator to
determine its position at pleasure. He then places the tool I, either in a hof
or cold state in the position shewn in Figure 2, and actuates the drum or
grooved pulley 0. by means of the winch handle, round which pulley passes
a chain or cord P. connected by a self-acting catch Q. to the drop or hammer
R. after it has passed over the guide pulley S. The hammer R is thus
elevated until the stud or piece T in the catch Q comes in contact with the
inclined projections U. U. (Figure 4) (one only of which is seen in the Drawing)
which projections are so formed on the standards as to release the catch Q on
The drop or hammer R
the winding motion of the drum being continued.
thus released will fall upon the die H (Figure 2) placed above the tool, and
forms the tool to any required shape according to the shape of the die. The
blow of the drop may be repeated at pleasure should it be found necessary,
and its force increased by the application of a spring or springs acting upon

page_text: the drop. The slide K is then withdrawn, so as to occupy the position indi-
cated by the dotted lines, after which the iool and die can be readily removed.
There is an opening made in the slide K, which gradually widens at one end.
so as to form lateral inclines as shown, which permit of the springs M. M'.
opening the jaws or parts F. F. when the slide is drawn out to the position
shewn by the dotted lines, and which serve also to close the jaws again firmly
when the slide is pushed in. as shewn by the full lines in Figure 3. The die
or shaper should be guided and steadied under the hammer by a cross
guiding piece V (Figure 2). or other equivalent contrivance. The arrange-
ment (Figure 11) is intended to be used when the die is situate below the
tool. the plate D serving as a socket or anvil to receive the stem of the die.
The tool (Figures 6 and 7) consists of a tubular or crown cutter having a
ionthed or serrated edge: the serrations being produced by a correspondingly
shaped serrated steel inbular die B. placed on a mandril C. as shown in
Figure 5. and struck by the hammer. the tool to be shaped being also placed
on the mandril and underneath the dic. The horing tool. Figures 9 and 10,
consists of a cylindrical rod or bar having a number of grooves or chamfres
j. j. formed by the die (Figure 8) a shori distance along its surface from
the cutting or working end. giving it the appearance shewn in Figures 9
and 10, where four of such grooves are shown. The die will of course be a
counterpart, consisting of a corresponding number of projections . . shaped
to conform to the required shape of the grooves in the tool. The use of dies
will not only be found advantageous in the manufacture of tools for cutting
and boring rocks and hard formations, but also for the expeditious repair of
such tools when broken or injured. the enting edge being readily restored by
submitting the tools to the action of the proper dies under a hammer or
powerful pressure.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect. I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to be novel and
original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-
before in part recited Letters Patent is.--
First, the peculiar construction of cartridge for blasting purposes, with a
view to the protection of the charge from injury from vertical pressure, or by
the access of damp and moisture thereto, as herein-before described.
Second, the system or mode of shaping and treating tools employed in the
cutting and boring of rocks and hard formations by means of dies or forms,
which are counterparts of the desired cutting edges of the tools. the dies, or

page_text: forms and tools being brought into forcible contact, either by percussion or by
the aid of hydraulic or other powerful pressure.
In witness, whereof, 1. the said Julian Bernard, have to this my Speci-
fication set my hand and seal. this Twenty-eighth day of October.
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five.
J. BERNARD. (1..S.)