A New or Improved Manufacture of Soap.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 30th Aug., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 30th May, 1890-Accepted, 29th Nov., 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
A New or Improved Manufacture of Soap.
I CHARLES BILLING of 18 Green Lane Seaforth in the County of Lancaster Chemist,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
In all the soaps known to me at the present time there is none which contains more
than 2 per cent. of pure hydrocarbon, and even this amount of hydrocarbon is to a
great extent, if not entirely mechanically mixed so that it at once separates on
pressure or on boiling.
Now my invention is designed so as to form a soap having a very much larger
amount of hydrocarbon. I find that if a mixture of certain hydrocarbons be employed
instead of a single hydrocarbon or instead of a number of hydrocarbons of a single
series the hydrocarbons are found to combine much better with the soap. I therefore
employ by preference a mixture of turpentine and light petroleum spirit (say the
earlier members of the paraffine series or it may be the earlier members of the olefine
series or even the lighter spirits of several different series mixed). I prefer however
at present a mixture of one part of light American petroleum spirit to nine parts of
oil of turpentine.
In carrying out my invention I make a white soap of the ordinary type taking care
however that there be no free alkali but sufficient fatty acid to neutralise all the alkali
employed. To about eleven cwt. by weight of this I add one cwt. by measure of the
mixed spirits and also something under a lb. of oil of cassia, oil of cinnamon or other
essential oil capable of veiling the smell of turpentine. In my most successful
experiments hitherto I have added one ounce of oil of cassia to the cwt. and a quarter
of an ounce of oil of carraway. I have mentioned actual quantities above but do not
bind myself to these exact quantities as I find that with different varities of soap
varying amounts of spirits can be used.
The invention is applicable alike to bar soap and to dry soap.
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, Patent Agents for the Applicant.
UUMI LE
A New or Improved Manufacture of Soap.
I, CHARLES BILLING of 18 Green Lane, Seaforth, in the County of Lancaster,
Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
1. It has been well known for some time past that the addition of paraffin to soap
improves the latter for clothes washing purposes.
2. No method as far as I am aware has ever yet been found by which more than
three per cent. of paraffin oil or wax can be added to soap, so as to be thoroughly
incorporated therewith, and any quantity above this amount is not a compound but a
simple mixture with the soap, and when the mass is dissolved in water the paraffin
separates. If the paraffin used be one of the lower members of the series it rapidly
evaporates, and if it be one of the higher it is apt to collect in small globules on the
clothes causing unsightly greasy marks when they are dry.
3. I have discovered that hydrocarbons of series other than the paraffins such as
the olefines and turpentines possess cleansing properties to a greater or less degree,
but many of them are not available for use in commercial soap making owing to their
Di Q71

page_text: prohibitory high prices, and my invention is designed so as to overcome the defects
mentioned in paragraph 2 hereof, to obtain all the cleansing properties of the
hydrocarbons, and to produce a standardised soap, which will be new to commerce
and possess characteristic advantages, greater than any soap in use up to the present
time.
4. I have found that if ordinary soap (destitute of free alkali) be mixed with a
mixture of hydrocarbons of different series, one of them being turpentine or one of
its isomerides or oxides, the whole intimately combines, and the resulting soap
acquires a new property in the cleansing and bleaching of such household clothes as
are usually sent to be washed. This property is best explained by the modus operandi,
which is as follows:-
Clothes coloured and plain (except flannels and woollens, which should not be
boiler) are, without previous soaking or preparation of any kind, added to a cold or
tepid solution of this soap in a suitable vessel. The whole is boiled for a sufficient
length of time, usually 10 to 20 minutes, after which the goods can be taken out.
They are then found to be thoroughly cleansed, and the white portions bleached
without the aid, as under the old systein, of friction, severe manual labour, machines
or chemicals. This property is, to a very limited extent, present in the paraffin soap
mentioned in paragraphs 1 and 2 hereof, but manufacturers of it have experienced
the impossibility of making these latter soaps so as to contain the necessary proportion
of paraffin, and be completely soluble in tepid water, and show a presentable
appearance for the market.
5. The largest amount of paraffin in any of the soaps which I have examined and
found completely soluble has been under or about 3 per cent., and when this amount
is exceede the soap becomes very soft and friable, and separation of the paraffin
takes place when treated with water.
6. I have also found that turpentine and its isomerides possess cleansing and
bleaching properties to a much greater extent than any other of the hydrocarbons
which I have examined, and, instead of having a sap requiring the presence
of 12 and per cent. of hydrocarbon, which is necessary to produce the desired effect
when paraffin alone is used, I have been able to make one satisfactory in every
respect containing only 8 and per cent. of hydrocarbons of the turpentine series.
7. I have observed that the development of the cleansing and bleaching process
and the result of it is most satisfactory when hydrocarbons of a boiling point
approaching that of water are used, as the process continues until some time after the
boiling point of water has been reached, whereas, if turpentine alone be employed,
its dissipation will take place too quickly. The presence, therefore, at the critical
moinent, of a hydrocarbon having a higher boiling point than that of turpentine,
enhances the action of the latter to such an extent that it renders a smaller proportion
of the mixed hydrocarbons necessary, and, in consequence, I have been able to
produce a soap containing the maximum amount of efficiency, with the minimum
amount of hydrocarbon, namely, about 6 and per cent., and, at present, I regard
this strength as the standard for laundry soap.
8. I have further found that turpentine causes paraffin oil, when mixed with it, to
dissolve in strong soap solution, and that therefore a soap made with a mixture of
these hydrocarbons in the proportions given in paragraph 10 hereof is completely
soluble in tepid water.
9. This soap is admirably adapted for washing flannel and woollen goods. They
come out as soft, fleecy and white, and, if coloured, as brilliant as new, while, when
washed with paraffin soaps described in paragraphs 2, 4 and 5 hereof, they seem to
absorb the particles of oil, which, as stated in paragraph 4 hereof, are not in
solution, and are washed out again only with extreme difficulty.
10. In carrying out my invention, in practice, so far, I use hard or curd soap made
in the ordinary manner by a soap boiler, preferring for laundry purposes one that
has no excess of alkali, (though for scouring purposes alkalies may be added) and
all I do is to add, while the soap is liquid, or in aqueous solution, to 15 hundred
weight (1680 lbs.) of soap, 11 gallons 1 and pints Imperial measure of hydrocarbons

page_text: already mixed in the proportion of 8 parts of turpentine and one part of olefine or
nixed paraffin and olefine having a boiling point ranging up to that of boiling
water, but preferably one of about 200 degrees Fahrenheit. If the smell require to
be disguised or veiled I add, to the mixture of the hydrocarbons before they are
incorporated with the soap, about two ounces of some agreeable essential oil or
mixture of them for every hundredweight of soap to be produced, such as
oil of cinnamon, cassia, carraway, almonds, verbeña, nitro-benzol or the like.
mention these as the ingredients and quantities I am at present using, but the
quantities may be varied without considerable deterioration.
the
I
11. The invention is applicable alike to soap in bars, to toilet and medicated soap,
to soft soap, to dry or powdered soap and to a mixture of the hydrocarbons
mentioned in paragraph 10 hereof, and the words "paraffin" and "olefine" should
be held to include any of the ordinary commercial distillations of petroleum and
mixtures thereof.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I am
well aware as already stated that paraffin wax and other distillatory products of
petroleum have been mixed with soap before the date of my application, and that
turpentine oil has also been added to soap, and I make no claim broadly for either
of these two ideas, but I declare that what I claim is:-
1. A new or improved manufacture of soap, said soap consisting, in addition to
the ordinary constituents of soap, (such as fat, resin, alkali and water with or
without other substances ordinarily used as additions or adulterants) of a mixture
of hydrocarbon oils, such as paraffins or olefines with turpentine, substantially as
and for the purposes described.
2. The improved manufacture of soap, substantially as herein described, which
consists in mixing mineral hydrocarbon oils with turpentine, then adding this inixture
to an ordinary soap when the latter is liquid, and well incorporating, whereby the
whole is rendered soluble in water and the turpentine is prevented from too early
evaporation.
Dated this 20th day of ML 1000
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of Liverpool, Manchester, and London, Patent Agents.