Improvements in and relating to Feed Mechanism for Type-writers and like Machines.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 30th June, 1897-Accepted, 14th Aug.,
1897
[Communicated from abroad by CHARLES SEARS of 1047 E. Madison Avenue,
Cleveland (Ohio) in the United States of America, Manufacturer.]
Improvements in and relating to Feed Mechanism for Type-writers
and like Machines.
I, CHARLES JUNGE, of Lincoln Chambers, 75 Chancery Lane, London, W.C.,
Consulting Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement: --
The invention relates to mechanism for imparting to the carriage of a type-
writer, matrix making machine, or other analogous machine, a differential feed
movement, that is to say, a movement, accompanying the actuation of each key
lover, which is proportionate to the width of the corresponding character.
The broad invention includes a feeding ratchet, a selecting plate capable of being
moved in a path corresponding with the movement of the ratchet, a selecting pawl
carried thereby, a universal bar which is moved by every key lever a distance
proportionate to the width of the corresponding character, suitable mechanism for
transmitting movement from this bar to the selecting plate, a retaining pawl for
preventing the movement of the ratchet while the selecting pawl being moved,
and some suitable mechanism for simultaneously moving the selecting pawl and
the retaining pawl inversely into and out of engagement with the ratchet.
This invention is capable of many specific embodiments while retaining the
essential characteristics thereof; and some of these embodiments are shown in
the drawings in which:-
Figure 1 is an end elevation of one form of the invention adapted to control the
movement of a feed screw, the parts being shown in the position they assume
when at rest.
Figure 2 is a view of the same parts, showing their positions when about to
move in the feeding direction.
Figure 3 is a plan view of some of the same parts, the ratchet and mechanism
for transmitting motion therefrom to the feed screw being shown by dotted lines.
Figure 4 is a plan view of said transmitting mechanism,-the parts shown in
Figure 3 not being shown in this figure.
Figure 5 is a rear elevation of another modification of the invention.
Figure 6 is a plan view of the mechanism shown in Figure 5.
Figure 7 is a side elevation of the same mechanism.
Figure 8 is a perspective view of the cam block F.
Figure 9 is a side elevation of another modification of the invention.
Figure 10 is a plan view of the mechanism shown in Figure 9.
Figure 11 is an enlarged plan view of some of the parts shown in Figure 9.
Figure 12 is a front view of parts of the two notched bars G and H, showing
the relative depth of the notches therein;

page_text: Figure 13 is a view of a part of each of the two bars G and I showing the
comparative depth of corresponding notches therein; and
Figure 14 is a longitudinal sectional view of the bearing for the shaft B,-
this figure being intended to show the manner in which the removable gear 6 is
secured upon said shaft B.
The construction shown in Figures 9 to 13'inclusive is the preferred construction,
because it contains not only the parts substantially as shown in the other figures
for imparting the differential movement-to the carriage, but also mechanism for
preventing the momentum of the parts from carrying them beyond the desired
point; and also mechanism whereby the machine may be quickly changed in such
manner that the actual feed movements of the carriage may be increased or
diminished to conform to different sizes of type, without changing the relative
movements of the carriage which accompanies the printing of the different
characters.
E
1 In
I will therefore first describe the mechanism in said Figures 9 to 13 inclusive.
Referring to the parts by letters, A represents a ratchet; as shown it is a
ratchet wheel; and it is mounted on a short shaft, a, which is fixed to some suitable
part of the frame work, X, of the machine. This particular form of the ratchet
is not an essential feature of the invention, as will be apparent from the description
hereinafter contained of the form of the mechanism shown in Figures 5, 6 and 7.
It has not been thought necessary to show the carriage, because it constitutes no
part of the invention; and any suitable carriage may be employed. It must,
however, be understood that either the carriage or the ratchet, or some of the
intermediate mechanism, is to be under the continual influence of a force, as for
example, a spring, tending to move said parts in the feeding direction. This is,
however, no part of the invention, and is not shown in the drawing.
nearly all typewriters which have heretofore been placed upon the market,
the carriage is under the influence of
a spring which acts in the
described manner. Any suitable intermediate mechanism may be employed for
connecting the ratchet and the carriage, whereby the movement of the one to
which the power, above referred to, is directly applied, will be transmitted to the
other. The means shown for thus connecting the ratchet and the carriage con-
sists of the following parts, namely; a pinion, a¹, which is loosely mounted on the
shaft; a, and held thereon by a removable nut, a, which permits it to be easily
removed, and another pinion of a different size substituted therefor. This pinion
carries a pawl, a³, which engages with a ratchet a', the latter ratchet being
rigidly secured to the ratchet A. This construction compels the ratchet;' A, to
move simultaneously with the pinion, a', when the same is moved in the feeding
direction, but permits the independent movement of said pinion, a¹, in the reverse
direction when the carriage is being retracted: Because I employ the particular
form of ratchet, a, and pawl, a³, as shown, to make the connection between
pinion, a', and ratchet, A, it is necessary that the power to move the parts in the
feeding direction shall not be applied to the ratchet A, but to some other part of
the described mechanism, preferably the carriage. The pinion, a³, meshes with
the pinion, b, which is fastened on a short shaft, B,-this shaft being mounted
in suitable bearings,, which are rigid with the frame work. of the machine.
The pinion, b, is provided with an angular hole which fits on the correspondingly
shaped end of said shaft, B, where it is held by a nut, 68. The chief advantage of
arranging the pinions, a¹, and, b, so that they may be removed, is to provide means
whereby the actual movements of the carriage may be made to correspond with
different sizes of type, (Brevier, Nonpareil, etc.) without changing the actual or
relative movements of the ratchet A. For example, to impart to the carriage a
feed movement corresponding to the width of Brevier type, two pinions, a¹, and, b,
of predetermined relative sizes are employed. Now, to adapt the mechanism to
produce a feed movement of the carriage corresponding to Nonpareil type, or any
different size of type, these pinions may be quickly removed and superseded by
other pinions of different relative sizes.
11.

page_text: A bevel gear, b', which is attached to the inner end of the shaft, B, meshes with
a bevel gear, r, attached to the shaft, R, mounted in suitable fixed bearings. A
pinion,, is secured to the shaft, R; and the function of this pinion is to engage
with a rack on the carriage and thereby move the carriage proportionately.to its.
own movement. This particular mechanism for transmitting motion from the
pinion, b, to the carriage, while useful for the purpose stated, is not an essential
characteristic of the board invention, and may be superseded by any other form of
connecting mechanism which is adapted to transmit the said motion.
The movement of the ratchet, A, is normally prevented by a retaining pawl, 0,
which is pivoted to a suitable fixed support at a point between its ends. The
pawl tooth, c, which engages with the ratchet is upon what may be called the
front end of the pawl. The selecting pawl, E, is pivoted to a selecting plate, D,
which is capable of moving in a path which corresponds with that of the ratchet.
In the present case the selecting plate, D), is hung loosely upon the same shaft, a,
upon which the ratchet, A, is mounted, wherefore it moves in the arc of a circlo
about the axis of the shaft. The selecting pawl and the retaining pawl are con-
nected with each other by means of a pin or screw, c, on the rear end of the
retaining pawl, which projects through a curved slot, e, in the selecting pawl..
It is clear that by the above described connection between these two pawls, when
the tooth of the pawl; C, moves toward the ratchet, the tooth of the pawl,, E,
moves away from it, and vice versa. Any other form of mechanism may be used
for connecting these two pawls which will permit the selecting pawl to move with
the selecting plate, and which will cause one of the pawls to move toward or from
the ratchet when the other pawl moves in the opposite direction.
G represents a variably movable universal bar which extends beneath; all of
the key levers, T. It constitutes one member of a frame, the sides, g¹, of which
are pivoted to the fixed sides of the machine. The variable movement of the bar.
in the construction shown is due to the fact that it is notched in its top edge
directly beneath the key levers, and that the depth of each notch, g, is inversely.
proportionate to the width of the character which corresponds with the key lever
above said noteli. I am not the originator of a machine containing a variably.
movable universal bar whose varying movements are produced by like movements
of different keys; and in prior constructions in which such a variably movable
universal bar is found, the variable movement of such bar is effected in different
ways which are the recognized equivalents of each other;-for example, the bar
has been provided with notches of different depth as shown herein; the key levers
are sometimes provided with stubs of different length for engagement with said
bar; sometimes the bar is equipped with such stubs, and sometimes the key levers
have the notches. Any construction which produces the described variable move-
ments of said bar, is intended to be included within the invention. A link, 'g;
connects the bar, G, with a part of the selecting plate, D, which lies on the opposite
side of its pivot to that which the selecting pawl is pivoted. A spring or springs, g
hold the notched bar up to its normal position relative to the key levers, and
returns it to its said position after it has been moved down.
1
J
I represents a second universal notched bar which lies beneath all of the key
levers; the depths of the notches, h, in this bar are directly proportionate to the
width of the characters corresponding with the key levers beneath which they
lie. It is clear, therefore, that the corresponding, notches in said two universul
bars are complementary to each other; that is to say, the deeper the notch in any.
one bar, the shallower is the corresponding notch in the other bar. This bar, H,
is a part of the rectangular frame, the sides, .h, of which are pivoted on a horizontal
axis to the frame of the machine.
I represents a slide having slots, i, through which pins or screws, ¿¹, pass into a
fixed part of the machine frame, by means of which, said slide is supported and
guided in a horizontal path.
:
91127
A lever arm, h, is rigidly connected with the frame, of which the notched bar

page_text: is a part. A pin, 2, secured to the slide, I, enters a slot in this arm, whereby the
movement of the notched bar, H, causes a corresponding longitudinal movement
of the slide. Pivoted to the slide is a plate, J, upon which are formed several
stops, j, j', }, }ƒ³, placed progressively at various elevations. A toe, g', which
is secured to a lateral extension of the notched bar, G, will, when said bar is
depressed, engage with one or the other of said stops and thus prevent the
momentum of the notched bar from carrying it an excessive distance. These stops
are arranged so that the lowest stop,, which permits the greatest momentum of
the bar, G, is the one which is brought beneath said toe by the shortest movement
of the slide, I: a greater movement of the slide bringing the next stop, j', beneath
said toe, thereby shortening the possible movement of the notched bar; and so on
until the longest movement which is imparted to the slide, I, will bring the highest
stop, *, beneath the toe, g. There are as many of these stops as there are different
widths of characters or kinds of feed movement desired. Ordinarily, it will be
found preferable to use about five of these stops, as shown in the drawing.
L represents a lever pivoted to some part of the fixed frame of the machine; its
forward end is bevelled from top to bottom to a point, and this end engages with
a similarly bevelled block, m, which is attached to a spring, M. This spring is
attached to a fixed part of the frame work of the typewriter, and it exerts a con-
tinuous force in the direction of the lever, L, wherefore the engagement of the
bevelled surfaces tends to move the lever the full extent of its intended movement
in either direction, after the point of the lever has passed the point on the block, m.
This spring and block also make the accidental movement of the lever, L, impos-
sible. A link, 12, connects this lever with the plate, J; this plate has a slot, j³,
into which a pin, 13, on the link enters. A fixed pin,, enters a substantially
vertical slot, 15, in the link.
A third universal bar, N, also lies beneath all of the key levers, close to the
notched bar, H, and extends laterally under the lever, L. Arms, n, which carry
the bar, N, are pivoted to the forward transverse bar, h, which forms a
part of the rectangular frame of which the notched bar H is a part,
the pivots being preferably in line with the pivots of said rectangular
frame. The upper edge of this bar lies normally above the top edge of the
notched bar, H, and in contact with the key levers, and a spring or springs, n',
exerts a continuous force upon the bar, N, tending to draw it up to its highest and
normal position. The arms, n, pass beneath the notched bar, H, and normally are
in contact with the lower edge thereof.
The operation of the described mechanism is as follows: When any key lever
is depressed, it first moves the bar, N, down out of contact with the lever L;
thereafter both bars, G, and, H, are moved, the former a distance inversely pro-
portionate to the depth of the notches beneath the operating key lever, and
the latter a distance directly proportionate thereto. When the bar, H,
moves, it causes, ag before explained, the forward movement of the
slide, I, such a distance as will bring the proper one of the stops, j-j*,
beneath the toc, g'. The movement of the bar, G, moves the selecting
plate, D, and likewise the selecting pawl, E,-the movement of said parts
being proportionate to the desired feed movement of the carriage. The down-
ward movement of the bar, G, brings the toe, gt, against the proper stop, j-j, with
a force sufficient to swing the plate, J, downward slightly upon its pivot. This
movement of the plate, J, through the link, 12, draws the lever, L, downward, so
that its point passes the bevelled point of block, m; and this movement of the
lever L is transmitted through a link, c, to the retaining pawl, C, thereby with-
drawing said retaining pawl from engagement with ratchet, A, and at the same
instant moving the selecting pawl into engagement with the ratchet. The feed
movement of the ratchet immediately follows, and this movement continues until
the selecting pawl returns to its normal position, which in the present case is
when the pin, e, on the selecting pawl strikes the end of the slot, c¹, in the retaining

page_text: pawl. The stopping of the selecting pawl at this, its normal position, stops the
ratchet, said ratchet having moved a distance equal to the antecedent selecting
movements of the selecting pawl. When the key lever is released, the spring, n³,
lifts the bar, N, and assists in lifting the notched bar, H. A spring,, draws
the slide, I, to its normal position, this movement assisting in returning the
notched bar, H, to its normal position. The upward movement of the bar, N, lifts
the lever L. This movement of the lever, L, returns the plate, J, to its normal
position, and at the same time moves the retaining pawl into engagement with
the ratchet, and, thereby, the selecting pawl out of engagement with the said
ratchet. The spring, g, lifts the notched bar, G, to its normal position:
Referring now to the modified construction shown in Figures 1 to 4 inclusive,
we find a ratchet, A, loosely mounted on a shaft, a; the selecting plate, D, which
is hung upon this shaft; the selecting pawl, E, pivoted to the selecting plate; and
the retaining pawl, C, which is pivoted to a fixed support. A pin, c, on the
retaining pawl enters a slot, e, in the selecting pawl.
We find also the universal notched bar, G, which lies beneath all of the key
levers and is part of the rocking frame which is pivoted to the fixed frame work
of the machine. This notched bar is connected by a link, g, with the selecting
plate, D.
In the foregoing respects the construction shown in Figures 1 and 2 is sub-
stantially like that previously described. The second universal bar, H¹, also lies
beneath the key levers, and it is a part of a rocking frame, the side arms of which
are pivoted to the machine frame. This bar is so placed that the key levers do not
touch it until they near the end of their downward movement. A link, h², con-
nects the retaining pawl, C, with this bar, H¹.
A downward movement of any key lever produces, through the described
mechanism, the proper movement of the selecting plate, 1), and pawl, E. Just
before the key lever reaches its lowest position, it strikes the bar, H',-moving
it downward. This causes the retaining pawl, C, to be withdrawn from engage-
ment with the ratchet, A, and simultaneously, to move the selecting pawl, E, into
engagement with said ratchet, whereupon the feed movement of the ratchet takes
place, said ratchet carrying the selecting pawl with it until said pawl reaches its
normal position. The movement of the ratchet, A, is transmitted to the carriage
by means of a pinion, a¹, secured to the ratchet, which engages with a pinion, b,
secured to a feed screw, B. The ratchet in this caso is moved, when released by the
retaining pawl, by a spring (not shown) which is enclosed in a spring barrel, A³,
between the ratchet, A, and pinion, a, and rigid with both.
In the construction shown in Figures 1 to 4, the feed movement of the ratchet
may be stopped by the engagement of the end of slot e, with the pin, c; and the
force of the spring, h, acting upon bar, H¹, may be relied upon to return the
pawl, C, into engagement with the ratchet, and to withdraw the pawl, E, from said
engagement. But I prefer to employ for these purposes a cam block, F, having an
inclined or cam notch; f; and an arm, 3, rigidly secured to the selecting pawl,
having a pin, e³, which enters this notch, f. As the pawl, E, moved by the
ratchet, A, returns to its normal position, this pin, e, enters the notch, f, and
engages with the inclined edge thereof. This draws the pawl, E, out of engage-
meut with the ratchet, stops its movement, and simultaneously moves the pawl, C,
into engagement with the ratchet. In order to make it certain that the pawl, C,
will be held out of engagement with the ratchet while said ratchet is making its
feed movement, I provide a spring latch, P, having a shoulder, p', which is
adapted to engage with a pin, 4, on the pawl, C. This latch has an arm, 72, which
extends into the path of the pin, e³, whereby said latch is held back when the parts
are in their normal position. But when the pawl, E, begins its selecting move-
ment, the latch is released and it flies forward, its end striking the pin, c. When
the pawl, C, is withdrawn from engagement with the ratchet, A, the shoulder, p¹,
on the latch passes over the pin, c, and holds said pawl away from the ratchet
until, upon the return of pawl E. to its normal position, the pin, e³, strikes the

page_text: arm, of the latch and withdraws the latch from engagement with the pino,
thereby permitting the pawl, G,to move into engagement with the ratchet.
There is also shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3, an additional stop pawl, K, adapted"
to engage with the ratchet, and stop it, in case the mechanism heretofore
described should fail to operate in the intended manner. This pawl is therefore
intended to insure greater certainty in the operation of the mechanism heretofore
described, but it may be omitted if desired. This pawl is pivoted to a fixed
support, and is provided with a pink which enters a cam slot, d, in the selecting
plate, D. When said plate begins its movement, this slot therein causes the
pawl, K, to be withdrawn; and just as the plate, 1), on its return movement nearly
reaches its normal position, said slot causes a movement of said pawl, K, into
engagement with the ratchet. Since the selecting plate necessarily accompanies
the ratchet in its feed movement, this pawl will act unfailingly and stop the
ratchet, even if the pawl, C, is not thrown into engagement with the ratchet at
the proper time.
:.
In Figure 4, a clutching device of a common form is shown, whereby the
pinion, b, which is loosely mounted on the feed screw may be connected to or dis-
connected from said screw. This is a construction which will permit the reverse
movement of the feed screw to return the carriage to the starting point. for. the
beginning of a new line.
In Figures 5, 6 and 7 is shown a construction similar to that shown in Figures 1
to 4 inclusive, except that the ratchet, indicated in said figures by A¹, is straight
and horizontally movable with the carriage to which it is intended to be secured;
while the selecting plate, indicated by D', is movable horizontally in suitable
guides, that is to say in a path which corresponds with the path of the ratchet
The notched universal liar, G, and the other bar, H, are provided and arranged
relative to the keys as in the construction last described. The movement of the
notched bar is transmitted to the selecting plate by means of a bell crank lever, U,
a link, u, which connects one arm of said lever with the selecting plate, and a
link, u, which connects the other arm of said lever with an arni, g, which is
rigid with and extends behind the pivot of the frame of which the notched bar, G,
is a part. The retaining pawl, C, is released from engagement with the ratchet
and the selecting pawl carried into engagement with said ratchet by means of a
link, V, which connects the said retaining pawl with an arm, h, which is rigidly
connected with and extends rearward from the rocking frame of which the bar, H,
is à part. All of the other parts shown in Figures 1-4, and hereinbefore described,
are also found in the construction shown in Figures 5-7.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said In-
vention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
1
1. In feeding mechanism for typewriters and analogous machines, in combina-
tion, a feeding ratchet, a retaining pawl pivoted to a fixed support, a selecting
plate movable in a path which corresponds with that of the ratchet, the key levers,
a bar extending beneath said' key levers and adapted to be moved different distances
ly different key lovers, mechanism intermediate of said bar and selecting plate
for moving the latter a distance proportionate to the movement of the former, a
selecting pawl pivoted to said selecting plate, and mechanism for moving said'two
pawls simultaneously in reverse directions into and out of engagement with said
ratchet, substantially as and for the purpose specified.
2. In feeding mechanism for typewriters and analogous machines, in combina-
tion, a feeding ratchet, a retaining pawl pivoted to a fixed support, a movable
selecting plate, a selecting pawl pivoted thereto, the key levers, a movable notched
bar lying beneath said key levers, mechanism connecting it with said selecting
plate, a second movable bar lying beneath the key levers and adapted to be moved
by them, mechanism for moving said pawls simultaneously in reverse directions
into and out of engagement with said ratchet, substantially as and for the purpose
specified.

page_text: 3.. In carriage feeding mechanism for typewriters, the combination of the key
levers, a variably movable bar lying beneath said levers, a series of movable stops
for engagement with said bar, and mechanism operated by the key levers for
moving the proper stop into position to engage with said bar, substantially as and
for the purpose specified.
4. In carriage feeding mechanism for typewriters, the combination of the key
levers, two universal bars lying beneath the key levers and having complementary
notches in their upper edges, a series of stops adapted to engage with and stop
the movement of one of said bars, and mechanism operated by the other bar for
moving said stops, substantially as and for the purpose specified.
5. In carriage feeding mechanism for typewriters, the combination of the feeding
ratchet, and mechanism for moving it differentially, with removable and change-
able mechanism for transmitting the movement of the ratcliet to the carriage,
substantially as and for the purpose specified.
Dated the 90th T. 100%