Improvements in Lamps and Lamp Stoves for Burning Hydro-carbon Oils.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 3rd Feb., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 3rd Nov., 1893-Accepted, 3rd Feb., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Lamps and Lamp Stoves for Burning
Hydro-carbon Oils.
I, CHARLES DIXON ARIA of Broad Street House, Old Broad Street, in the
City of London, Lamp Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
:-
My invention relates primarily to that class of lamps in respect of which Letters
Patent were granted to me dated the 22nd day of November 1887 No. 16073, and
the 1st day of November 1888 No. 15768, and in which an hermetically closed
primary or main reservoir supplied oil by gravity to an open secondary reservoir,
into which depended the wick, the burner being supported upon a skeleton frame,
and which lamps were more especially designed to burn heavy hydro-carbon oils,
but my present invention or part thereof is also applicable to other classes of lamps
than those herein before referred to.
In lamps such as those in respect of which the herein before recited Letters
Patent were granted to me, the primary reservoir was placed in an elevated position
with relation to the secondary reservoir, and this in some cases has proved to be
somewhat inconvenient, more especially in regard to stoves, inasmuch as the primary
reservoir was necessarily separated by some distance from the secondary reservoir,
and connected therewith by a length of tube, and according to one feature of my
present invention, I obviate this defect.
For this purpose I form the primary reservoir in the form of an annular chamber
provided with a central opening therethrough, and I furnish this primary reservoir
with a filling orifice fitted with a screw stopper, by means of which it may be
hermetically closed.
Within the central opening of the annular primary reservoir, I mount in any
suitable manner a cylindrical vessel or fixed secondary reservoir, open at the top
and closed at the bottom, and which extends slightly below the primary reservoir,
and I connect this secondary reservoir with the primary reservoir by means of one
or more ways or conduits located at the lower part thereof.
Within this fixed secondary reservoir, I tightly fit, but with capability of turning
within certain limits a cylinder closed at the bottom but open at the top and
provided with openings in the sides corresponding with the ways or conduits
hereiubefore referred to, or the cylinder might be open at both ends and upon the
upper end of this moveable cylinder I mount by means of a skeleton frame the
burner so that the wick depends therein.
I provide the moveable cylinder with knobs or projections or other means by
which it may be easily rotated, the extent of rotation being governed by stops, so
that in one position it is open to the supply from the primary reservoir, and in the
other position it is closed to such supply.
By this arrangement of parts, I obtain a very compact form of lamp especially
adapted for use in railway or other hand lanterns, and which by reason of its
peculiar form is also especially useful for oil stoves whilst by means of the moveable
cylinder within the secondary reservoir, I am enabled by slightly turning the former,
readily to cut off the supply of oil to the secondary reservoir during the filling of
the main reservoir, after which by restoring the moveable cylinder to its former
position, communication is again established between the secondary reservoir and
the primary reservoir, thus avoiding the flooding of the secondary reservoir during
the filling of the lamp, and enabling the same to be supplied from the primary
reservoir upon the principle of the "bird fountain" without inconvenience.

page_text: "
In some cases I dispense with the moveable cylinder and mount the burner by means
of a skeleton frame upon the fixed secondary reservoir, and in this case, when it is
desired to supply the same from the primary reservoir upon the "bird fountain
principle, I fit within the secondary reservoir, a short cylinder or band provided
with openings therein corresponding with the ways or conduits and adapted to be
rotated by suitable means from the exterior of the secondary reservoir, so that it
will act as a valve to cut off the supply of oil at the times required, or in lieu of
this rotating valve, I sometimes employ a sliding valve or valves mounted within
the secondary reservoir to effect the same object."
In cases where the "bird fountainprinciple is not required, I employ the
arrangement of lamp lastly herein before described, but I dispense with the valve or
valves to cut off the oil supply, and instead of hermetically sealing the filling orifice
of the primary reservoir, I provide the same with a stopper furnished with an air
hole or rising air tube.
The burner I employ in connection with the lamp hereinbefore described is of
very simple construction, that is to say the cone consists of two plates or leaves
rising from a base (at or near which point air openings are provided in the plates or
leaves) and extending upward a short distance above the wick tube the plates or
leaves gradually approaching one another from the base upward as will be readily
understood, whilst these plates or leaves are at the sides or ends thereof unconnected
in any manner except at the base, thus leaving a clear opening to admit a free
supply of air to the flame.
A burner of this character is very inexpensive to produce, and is peculiarly
adapted to the burning of heavy hydro-carbon oils.
Dated this 3rd day of February 1893.
WHITE & WOODINGTON,
27, Southampton Buildings, London, Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Lamps and Lamp Stoves for Burning
Hydro-carbon Oils.
I CHARLES DIXON ARIA of Broad Street House Old Broad Street in the City
of London Lamp Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates primarily to that class of lamps in respect of which Letters
Patent were granted to me dated the 22nd day of November 1887 No. 16073 and
the 1st day of November 1888 No. 15768 and in which an hermetically closed
primary or main reservoir supplied oil by gravity to an open secondary reservoir
into which depended the wick the burner being supported upon a skeleton frame
and which lamps were more especially designed to burn heavy bydro-carbon oils
but my present invention or part thereof is also applicable to other classes of lamps
than those hereinbefore referred to.
In lamps such as those in respect of which the herein before recited Letters
Patent were granted to me the primary reservoir was placed in an elevated position
with relation to the secondary reservoir and this in some cases has proved to be
somewhat inconvenient more especially in regard to stoves inasmuch as the primary
reservoir was necessarily separated by some distance from the secondary reservoir
and connected therewith by a length of tube and according to one feature of my
present invention I obviate this defect.
For this purpose I form the primary reservoir in the form of an annular chamber
provided with a central opening therethrough and I furnish this primary reservoir
with a filling orifice fitted with a screw stopper by means of which it may be
hermetically closed.

page_text: within the central opening of the annular primary reservoir I mount in any
suitable manner a cylindrical vessel or fixed secondary reservoir open at the top
and closed at the bottom and which extends slightly below the primary reservoir
and I connect this secondary reservoir with the primary reservoir by means of one
or more ways or conduits located at the lower part thereof.
Within this fixed secondary reservoir I tightly fit. but with capability of turning
within certain limits a cylinder closed at the bottom but open at the top provided
with openings in the sides corresponding with the ways or conduits hereinbefore
referred to or the cylinder might be open at both ends and upon the upper end of
this moveable cylinder I mount by means of a skeleton frame the burner so that
the wick depends therein.
I provide the moveable cylinder with knobs or projections or other means by
which it may be easily rotated the extent of rotation being governed by stops so
that in one position it is open to the supply from the primary reservoir and in the
other position it is closed to such supply.
By this arrangement of parts I obtain a very compact form of lamp especially
adapted for use in railway or other hand lanterns and which by reason of its
peculiar form is also especially useful for oil stoves whilst by means of the
moveable cylinder within the secondary reservoir I am enabled by slightly turning
the former readily to cut off the supply of oil to the secondary reservoir during the
filling of the main reservoir after which by restoring the moveable cylinder to its
former position communication is again established between the secondary reservoir
and the primary reservoir thus avoiding the flooding of the secondary reservoir
during the filling of the lamp and enabling the same to be supplied from the
primary reservoir upon the principle of the "bird fountain" without inconvenience.
In some cases I dispense with the moveable cylinder and mount the burner by
means of a skeleton frame upon the fixed secondary reservoir; and in this case
when it is desired to supply the same from the primary reservoir upon the
"bird fountain" principle I fit within the secondary reservoir a short cylinder or
band provided with openings therein corresponding with the ways or conduits and
adapted to be rotated by suitable means from the exterior of the secondary
reservoir so that it will act as a valve to cut off the supply of oil at the times
required or in lieu of this rotating valve I sometimes employ a sliding valve
or valves mounted within the secondary reservoir to effect the same object.
In cases where the "bird fountain" principle is not required I employ the
arrangement of lamp lastly herein before described but I dispense with the valve
or valves to cut off the oil supply and instead of hermetically sealing the filling
orifice of the primary reservoir I provide the same with a stopper furnished with
in air hole or rising air tube.
The burner I employ in connection with the lamp hereinbefore described is of
ery simple construction that is to say the cone consists of two plates or leaves
ising from a base (at or near which point air openings are provided in the plates
r leaves) and extending upward a short distance above the wick tube the plates or
eaves gradually approaching one another from the base upward as will be readily
nderstood whilst these plates or leaves are at the sides or ends thereof unconnected
any manner except at the base thus leaving a clear opening to admit a free
upply of air to the flame.
A burner of this character is very inexpensive to produce and is peculiarly
dapted to the burning of heavy hydro-carbon oils.
And in order that the said invention may be more clearly understood and readily
arried into effect I will proceed aided by the accompanying drawings more fully
describe the same.

page_text: Figure 4 is an elevation of the burner separately.
and
Figure 5 is a similar view of the cylinder which fits into the secondary reservoir
Figure 6 is a vertical section representing the primary and secondary reservoirs
with the cylinder and burner removed.
Figure 7 is a similar view to Figure 1 but representing a slight modification.
Figure 8 is a vertical section of a portion of a lamp illustrating a further
modification and
Figure 9 is a similar view to Figure 8 but showing some of the parts in a different
position.
.
Figure 10 is a similar view to Figure-7-but representing a further modification.
Figure 11 is a similar view to Figure 7 but representing the invention applied to
a central draught chimney burner.
Figure 12 is a vertical longitudinal section of a lamp stove having the present
invention applied thereto and
Figure 13 is a transverse section thereof taken on the line 1-1 of Figure 12.
In the several figures like parts are indicated by similar letters of reference.
Referring to Figures 1 to 6 a represents the primary reservoir which takes the
form of an annular chamber provided with a central opening a therethrough and
this primary reservoir a is furnished with a filling orifice fitted with a screw
stopper a² by means of which it may be hermetically closed.
Within the central opening a' of the annular primary reservoir a is mounted a
cylindrical vessel or fixed secondary reservoir open at the top and closed at the
bottom as will be seen more particularly on reference to Figure 6 and which
extends below the primary reservoir a and this secondary reservoir is connected
with the primary reservoir a by means of two or there might be only one or more
than two ways or conduits a* * located at the lower part thereof and which
serve also to support the secondary reservoir b whilst such reservoir is also
steadied by means of brackets a' ** from the primary reservoir a or in other suitable
manner.
It will be seen that by the construction hereinbefore described the secondary
reservoir will be supplied from the primary reservoir à upon the principle
of the "bird fountain that is to say the secondary reservoir will never
contain any large volume of oil but the latter will be maintained at a constant
level.
Within the fixed secondary reservoir is tightly fitted but with capability of
turning within certain limits a cylinder c closed at the bottom but open at the
top and provided with openings c¹ in its circumference corresponding with the
ways or conduits a* herein before referred to, or the cylinder c might be open
at both ends provided the part adjacent to the opening c¹ fitted tightly within
the like part of the secondary reservoir & the object being to make a tight joint at
that point.
Upon the upper end of the moveable cylinder c is mounted a moveable burner
fitting d which is provided with a cylindrical extension which enters a corre-
sponding seat provided at the upper end of the cylinder c and the fitting d is
removeably secured in position by means of bayonet slots d³ in the cylindrical
extension d² engaging studs upon the wall of the seat c².
Upon the burner fitting d and supported by a skeleton frame d' is mounted a
cone or burner d³ (hereinafter more fully referred to) into which leads the usual
wick tube do which also descends into the cylinder c and is provided with a wick
winder d' of ordinary construction.
The moveable cylinder e is provided with a knob or enlargement et upon one of
the studs by the aid of which it may be easily rctated the extent of rotation
being governed by stops 62 formed upon the enlarged upper part 6' of the secondary
reservoir b so that in one position and as represented at Figure 1 the ways C¹

page_text: are coincident with the conduits a* and permit the flow of oil from the primary
reservoir a to the secondary reservoir bor rather to the interior of the cylinder c
whilst in the other position the conduits a* are closed against such flow by an
imperforate part of the cylinder c.
5 By this arrangement of parts a very compact kind of lamp is obtained especially
adapted for use in railway or other hand lanterns and which by reason of its
peculiar form is also especially useful for oil stoves whilst by means of the
moveable cylinder c within the secondary reservoir bit is possible by slightly
turning the former readily to cut off the supply of oil to the secondary reservoir b
during the filling of the main reservoir a after which by restoring the moveable
cylinder c to its former position communication is again established between the
secondary reservoir b and the primary reservoir a.
This device prevents the flooding of the secondary reservoir b during the filling
of the lamp and enables the same to be supplied from the primary reservoir a on
the principle of the "bird fountain" without inconvenience.
It will be observed that the sole office of the moveable cylinder c is to close at
the times desired the conduits a* and to carry the burner, although the burner
might be carried by the secondary reservoir 6 independently of the cylinder cas
will hereinafter appear.
In the example given at Figure 7 the moveable cylinder c as a support for the
burner is dispensed with and the burner is mounted by means of the skeleton
frame upon the upper part of the secondary reservoir 6 to which it is secured
by means of studs similar to those c³ hereinbefore referred to and which
similarly engage bayonet slots d³ in the burner fitting d.
In this example a short cylinder or band e provided with openings c¹ therein
corresponding with the ways or conduits a* is fitted at the lower part of the
secondary reservoir 6 with capability of rotation so that it will act as a valve to
cut off the supply of oil at the times required as hereinbefore described with
respect to the previous figures and in order that this band or valve c may be
rotated from the exterior of the secondary reservoir a rod at its lower end
forked and fixed to the interior of the band c and at its upper end cranked and
furnished with a knob is employed.
In the example given at Figures 8 and 9 the short band or valve c instead of
closing the conduits a* by a rotary movement as hereinbefore described is arranged
to slide vertically within the secondary reservoir & for that purpose the ways c
being in this case dispensed with.
In order to give the necessary vertical movement to the band or valve c a rod c³
s at its lower end fixed to the valve or band c and at its upper end passes out
hrough the burner fitting where it is at et formed with a head by means of which
t may be actuated and the band or valve c raised until arrested by a stop /* to
pen the conduits a* as represented at Figure 8 and there normally held by meanз
f a notch or tooth which engages the upper part of the skeleton frame or
owered to close the conduits a* as represented at Figure 9, during the filling of
he primary reservoir a.
In the example given at Figure 10 the body of the lamp is similar in arrangement
that represented at Figures 7, 8, and 9 but instead of supplying the secondary
eservoir from the primary reservoir a upon the principle of the
untain" by hermetically closing the filling orifice of the primary reservoir a as
"bird
ereinbefore described such filling orifice
ith a rising air tube a³ or a simple air hole might be employed in lieu of the air
provided with a stopper a² furnished
be and inasmuch as the oil is to maintain the same level in both reservoirs a and b
is unnecessary to cut off the supply to the secondary reservoir during the filling
the primary reservoir a and the valve e is consequently dispensed with.
When a chimneyless burner is employed in connection with the lamp hereinbefore
scribed a simple form of burner such as that represented at Figures 1 to 10. is
e preferred kind.

page_text: The cone of this burner consists of two plates or leaves do which rise from a
base and extend upward a short distance above the wick tube do whilst the
plates or leaves d'" gradually approach each other from the base d' upward.
The plates or leaves d' are at the sides or ends thereof unconnected in any
manner except at the base d' thus leaving a clear opening to admit a free supply of
air to the flame whilst additional air openings ds are provided in the plates or
leaves d³ near to the base d³.
A burner of the character above described is very inexpensive to produce and is
peculiarly adapted to the burning of heavy hydro-carbon oils.
In the example given at Figure 11 the invention is shown applied to a round
wick chimney burner of the character shown and described in the Specification of
Letters Patent granted to me dated_the_1st_day of November 1888 No. 15768 the
arrangement of the novel features constituting my present invention being similar
to that represented at Figure 7.
In the example given at Figures 12 and 13 the invention is shown applied to a
lamp.stove of common form.
The primary reservoir a in this case is formed rectangular to correspond with the
shape of the upper part e of the stove and the latter is hinged at a* to the primary
reservoir a which constitutes the base of the stove in order that it may be turned
back to give access to the burners for trimming and other purposes whilst a bolt or
catch a mounted in a lug a' and engaging a foot el of the upper part e is employed
to normally lock the upper part e with the base a.
""
The primary reservoir a is designed to supply the secondary reservoir b upon the
principle of the "bird fountain as described with respect to Figures 1 to 9 and 11
and is fitted with a valve arrangement similar to that shown and described with
respect to Figures 8 and 9 whilst for convenience a projecting funnel a hermetically
closed by a stopper a² is provided at one end of the primary reservoir a for filling
purposes.
The upper part e of the stove is provided with chimneys & passing through the
oven whilst the burner is furnished with air distributing gratings usual in hydro-
carbon lamps or stoves in which a chimney is employed.
It will be seen that the present invention is peculiarly adapted to lamp stores
inasmuch as a free current of air is permitted to pass beneath the entire surface of
the primary reservoir a between the primary reservoir a and secondary reservoir b
and between the top of the primary reservoir a and the upper part e thereby
effectually insulating the oil in the primary reservoir a whilst as a further protection
the oven is furnished with a nonconducting bottom e¹ of suitable construction.
Although my invention is especially adapted for burning heavy hydro-carbon
oils it will be understood that it may also be employed in connection with the
ordinary light oils of commerce.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
:-
1. In a lamp or stove for burning hydro-carbon oils the combination of a
primary reservoir formed with a vertical opening therethrough, an open topped
secondary reservoir mounted in such opening and extending slightly below the
primary reservoir, a conduit or conduits connecting the primary reservoir with the
secondary reservoir a skeleton frame or support at the top of the secondary
reservoir, and a burner mounted upon the skeleton frame substantially as herein
shown and described.
2. In a lamp or stove for burning hydro-carbon oils the combination of a primary
reservoir formed with a vertical opening therethrough a secondary reservoir
mounted in such opening a conduit or conduits connecting the primary reservoir
with the secondary reservoir a rotary or sliding valve or shutter located within the
secondary reservoir for cutting off the supply of oil thereto, means for actuating

page_text: such valve, a filling orifice to the primary reservoir hermetically closed by a
stopper, and a burner located at the top of the secondary reservoir substantially as
herein shown and described.
3. In a lamp or stove for burning hydro-carbon oils the combination of a primary
reservoir formed with a vertical opening therethrough, a secondary reservoir
mounted in such opening a conduit or conduits connecting the primary reservoir
with the secondary reservoir a hollow cylinder fitted with capability of rotating
within the secondary reservoir and provided with openings or ways corresponding
with the conduits, a burner mounted upon the top of such cylinder means of
rotating the cylinder, stops for limiting such rotation and a filling orifice located at
the top of the primary reservoir, and hermetically closed by a stopper substantially
as herein shown and described.
4. In a lamp or stove for burning hydro-carbon oils a chimneyless burner
consisting of a skeleton frame upon which is mounted a cone formed out of a
single piece of metal bent into a form having a flat base and sides consisting of
plates or leaves extending upwards a short distance above the wick tube and
gradually approaching each other such sides being unconnected except at the base
and provided with air openings near to the latter substantially as herein shown and
described.
Dated this 3rd day of November 1893.
WHITE & WOODINGTON,
27, Southampton Buildings, London, Agents.