matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED SETTING FOR LAMP REFLECTORS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Marc Antoine François Mennons.
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 14th April 1860.-A communication from Messrs. Gustave and
Adrien Künkler, residing in Paris.
I, MARC ANTOINE FRANÇOIS MENNONS, of the British and Foreign Patent
Offices, 39, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, in the Empire of France, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED SETTING FOR LAMP
REFLECTORS," to be as follows:-
This setting is composed, 1stly, of a circular metallic collar fitting to the
lamp glass, and resting on a projecting ring cast on the latter, at a short
distance above the point of the flame.
2dly, of a second collar of an oval form hinged to the first, and fitting in an
oval opening formed in the reflector.
3dly, of a pair of small guide pieces fixed in a slanting position, one on each
side of the circular collar, and sliding in a pair of corresponding sockets on the
oval collar above.
By means of these guide pieces the upper collar, with the reflector, is set at
any required angle, while the lower collar turning freely on the glass permits.
of the light being faced at will from one point to another.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON DRILL-PROOF SAFES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Price at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th September
1860.
I, GEORGE PRICE, of Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford, Iron Safe
and Lock Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON DRILL-PROOF
SAFES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of an improved method of rendering the doors and
other parts of wrought-iron safes and strong room doors drill-proof by coating
them with steel, similar to my former Patent (dated January 31st, 1855,
No. 236); but instead of producing this result by the "case-hardening'
process, as therein specified, I produce the iron plates with a surface of steel
on one or both sides, and of any required thickness, in the course of their
manufacture (that is to say) by "piling" the iron and steel together to form
the "pile" or "billet" of which the sheet is produced by passing through the
rolls. Any desirable kind or quality of steel may be used, and the hardening
of the steel surface may be effected by any of the usual methods employed in
hardening steel.
As I purpose using both the foregoing methods, I do not intend this latter
to supersede my former Patent.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF GEARING WHEELS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Clissold at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
May 1860.
I, WILLIAM CLISSOLD, of Dudbridge, in the County of Gloucester,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF GEARING WHEELS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to remove the liability of the teeth of cog
wheels being stripped off when subjected to heavy work, and also to prevent
the great noise, together with the rapid wear and tear to which gearing is
exposed under ordinary circumstances, owing mainly to the back lash of the
cogs. To secure these advantages, I propose to cast spur and other gearing
with plain or uncogged surfaces at the opposite ends of the teeth, and on a
level with the pitch line of the teeth. Thus, supposing a pair of spur wheels
to be formed according to this Invention, their teeth will gear together as
usual, while the plain surfaces with which each is provided will roll the one
against the other noiselessly, and like the surfaces of pressing rollers, all slip
being prevented by the gearing together of the teeth, which will appear as if
standing up from an annular groove in which they are in part embedded.
To cast wheels with sunken teeth, or rather with plain surfaces standing up on
each side thereof on a level with the pitch line, I fit loosely on to each side
of the pattern wheel to be cast a collar or disc, which will produce in the
casting the desired lateral extension of plain surface on the wheel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CHIMNEY Tops
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas William Teulon, of Euston Road, in the
County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CHIMNEY
Tops."
Sealed the 16th November 1860, and dated the 21st May 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas William Teulon
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st May 1860.
I, THOMAS WILLIAM TEULON, of Euston Road, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CHIMNEY TOPS," to be as follows:-
This Invention is for the prevention of the wind passing down the chimney
top, and consequently for the prevention of smoky chimneys. For this purpose
part of the outside of the chimney top is fluted or made with a series of grooves
arranged vertically round the circumference, the said flutings or grooves
having a communication at the upper extremity with the interior of the
chimney top. The upper extremities of the said flutings or grooves are
covered by a cap which directs the currents of wind into the interior of the
chimney top.
Also the chimney top is surmounted by a wind cutter or current divider,
which forms a kind of coronet, and is made of a number of vertically fixed
vanes or wind guards arranged round the circumference of the top.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FIXING TYRES UPON WHEELS AND CHAIRS UPON SLEEPERS, PART OF WHICH IS APPLICABLE TO RIVETTING GENERALLY
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas William Plum at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Pétition, on the 10th
August 1860.
I, THOMAS WILLIAM PLUM, of Blaenavon Iron Works, in the County of
Monmouth, Ironmaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FIXING TYRES UPON WHEELS AND CHAIRS UPON SLEEPERS,
PART OF WHICH IS APPLICABLE TO RIVETTING GENERALLY," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists first, in making a groove or grooves in the tyres of
railway wheels of such dimensions as may be found most suitable according
to the size and purpose of the tyre, one such groove being formed round the
inside of the tyre (the side opposite the fillet), or on both sides if required,
the said groove or grooves may be formed in the making of the tyre which
is preferred or turned after the tyre is complete (with that exception) ready
for the wheel, and in the employment of a circular fillet or tongue of wrought
iron or steel or other suitable metal for securing the wheel within the tyre
on one or both sides; the said fillet or tongue may be flat or bevilled; or rebated
and rounded or moulded, and is driven into the groove in the tyre after the
tyre has been shrunk on to the wheel, and while the tyre is warm; the said
fillet or tongue may be further tightened by the application of force or pressure
of any ordinary kind upon the edge of the tyre nearest the groove. The
ends of the said fillet or tongue may then be further secured by rivetting
or welding or by a "key piece," so formed and fixed as to keep the
said fillet or tongue extended in its diameter, such key piece being secured

page_text: by what I term a cup and cone rivet also applicable for rivetting purposes
generally, and shewn in the accompanying Drawing, or a key piece may be so
formed as effectually to secure the ends of the said tongue and be held in
position by a metal plug run into the wheel or tyre. The said fillet or tongue
being secured by the mode described cannot be displaced by any amount of
force likely to be exerted upon it during the use of the wheel, but can be
removed without difficulty when it is required to change the wheel, or tyre.
The tyre is in this manner securely fixed into the wheel without bolts. For
the purpose of obtaining a more even and less detrimental action of the wheels
upon rails my Invention also consists in casting the ordinary chairs with the
bolt holes at an angle instead of being perfectly vertical, the bolts or spikes
for fixing the chairs are consequently driven into the sleepers skewwise, and
do not so easily draw by the action of the wheels upon them.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WELDED IRON TUBES, AND IN MA- CHINERY EMPLOYED IN THE SAID MANUFACTURE
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jabez Elul Barnsley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th June
1860.
I, JABEZ ELUL BARNSLEY, of Rowley Regis, in the County of Stafford,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WELDED IRON TUBES, AND IN MA-
CHINERY EMPLOYED IN THE SAID MANUFACTURE," to be as follows:-
In the ordinary method of manufacturing welded iron tubes the skelps are
heated to a welding heat in a reverberatory furnace and drawn on a draw
bench. They are then heated a second time and subjected to a second drawing,
when the welding is complete. The two drawings are effected at separate
draw benches.
My Invention consists of manufacturing welded iron tubes by the use of a
double or compound draw bench, by which two tubes are drawn at the same
time, that is, one tube is undergoing its first drawing, and another tube is
undergoing its second drawing simultaneously. The skelps are placed in the
furnace side by side in the ordinary manner, and each skelp as it is brought to
the required heat opposite one side of the draw bench is withdrawn and
operated upon by the said draw bench. It is then returned to the furnace
opposite to the other side of the draw bench, and is subjected to a second
drawing simultaneously with the first drawing of another tube. The wagon
by which the ends of the partially formed tubes are seized in the drawing

page_text: process consists essentially of two levers turning upon separate centres, which
said levers, on the application of the chain by which the drawing is effected,
are made to grasp the two partially formed tubes between their ends and fixed
pieces on the body of the wagon.
A NEW METHOD OF ECONOMISING WATER PASSING THROUGH CANALS WHEN SUCH WATER IS USED FOR DRAGGING BOATS OR OTHERWISE
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Crompton and William
Robertson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 21st May 1860.
We, SAMUEL CROMPTON, of the City of Manchester, Gentleman, and WILLIAM
ROBERTSON, of the same Place, Mechanician, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "A NEW METHOD OF ECONOMISING WATER PASSING THROUGH
CANALS WHEN SUCH WATER IS USED FOR DRAGGING BOATS OR OTHERWISE," to be as
follows:-
The object of our Invention is to restore a portion of the water passing
through the locks of canals or otherwise, from a lower to a higher level. For
this purpose we use pumping machinery, which is worked at each lock or
overflow, the water thus raised at intervals being used as constant power to
drag boats, as described in the Provisional Specification of Letters Patent
applied for by the within-named William Robertson, on the Thirtieth day of
December, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, No. 2987, or for any
other purpose where moderate power is required. There are two modes by
which the power obtained from the water thus restored from a lower to a
higher level may be utilized; one of these modes being by water wheel or
turbine and windlass, and the other by means of a flexible expanding pipe
passing between rollers attached to the boat to be dragged. The advantages
of our present Invention are, that the power obtained may be extended over a

page_text: longer period, and can be more easily controlled, and the machinery employed
may be placed in any convenient position, without reference to the position of
the locks; or the water thus restored may be used for canal purposes, whether
for increasing the traffic or economising the water.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MAKING OF CAGES AND AVIARIES FOR BIRDS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Pierre Celse Hippolyte Chabrol
and Alexandre Berson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 24th November 1860.
We, PIERRE CELSE HIPPOLYTE CHABROL and ALEXANDRE BERSON, 51, Rue
de Malte, Paris, in the Empire of France, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MAKING OF CAGES AND AVIARIES
FOR BIRDS," to be as follows-
Our Invention relates to improvements in cages and aviaries for birds.
Hitherto the roofs and trays of such cages and aviaries have been composed of
wood or zinc coated with paint, which materials become oxydised and impreg-
nated with excrement, and hence impart very obnoxious odour. Now, in order
to obviate these disadvantages, we propose to employ glass, crystal, porcelain,
china, or pottery, which may be more or less ornamented or decorated, for the
manufacture of the trays, slides, drawers, or bottoms of cages and aviaries, and
also for the roofs and caps thereof; and in order to prevent the food and drink
becoming foul, we construct the food holders and drinking vessels of glass,
crystal, porcelain, china, or pottery in such manner that they may deliver or
bring down the food or drink contained therein as fast as consumed by the
bird; for this purpose the food or drink is placed in a vessel, chamber, or
holder, having an exit orifice at bottom opening into another vessel, chamber,
or holder. As long as the latter is sufficiently full to keep the orifice closed
with food or drink, no more descends from the upper to the lower vessel or
chamber, but as the food or drink is consumed and frees the orifice, a fresh
supply necessarily drops through it into the lower vessel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MEASURING GAS, AND IN APPARATUS FOR INDICATING THE PRESSURE OF GAS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Hulett at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd January 1860.
I, DAVID HULETT, of 55 and 56, High Holborn, in the County of Mid-.
dlesex, Gas Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MEASURING GAS, AND IN APPARATUS FOR
INDICATING THE PRESSURE OF GAS," to be as follows:-
1stly. In making the front or box in gas meters in an oval or circular form
for the purpose of reducing the labour in the manufacture thereof.
2ndly. In placing the valve in the passage to the outlet, in order that the
pressure of the gas may tend to raise the valve instead of depressing it as in
ordinary meters.
3rdly. In placing the valve at the back of the meter, therefore, should the
meter be tilted, the valve will fall and shut off the gas.
4thly. In making a communication between the charge spout and waste-
water box, with the upper part of the meter to prevent gas from being frau-
dulently extracted by drawing off the water.
5thly. In making the water line reservoir as small as possible, so that the
displacement from the same shall not interfere with the measuring chamber.
6thly. An improved mode of shewing the water line by means of an indicator
operated upon by the water in the meter.
7thly. In attaching the spout or syphon to the waste-water box by means.
of a union or screw to give greater facility for its removal.

page_text: 8thly. In working the finger of the dial in gas pressure indicators by means
of a curved rack or toothed segment attached to a float, operated upon or
worked by the water in the indicator, and guiding the float by means of a rod
fixed to it, the other end of which turns freely upon a hinge joint or other
similar means attached to any convenient part of the indicator.
9thly. In working the dial of pressure indicators or gauges by means of an
inverted cup floating in or immersed in mercury, a rod being attached to the
top to actuate the finger of the dial, or by having mercury in an inverted
syphon with a rod working the hand or finger of the dial, or working over a
pulley similar to the action of the barometer hand.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING, DOUBLING, AND WINDING FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sigismund Schuhman and George
Harrison at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 6th June 1860.
We, SIGISMUND SCHUHMAN, Cotton Manufacturer, and GEORGE HARRISON,
Overlooker, both of Burnley, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
FOR SPINNING, DOUBLING, AND WINDING FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
In spinning from cardings, drawings, slubbings, or rovings, we employ three
pairs of drawing rollers as commonly used, and in connection with them an
additional roller turning in a reverse or contrary direction to the others. The
material to be spun passes between the three pairs of rollers and under the
fourth roller, by which means there is a greater hold on the fibres of the cotton,
which enables long and short staples to be worked together, and delivers a fine
equal sliver from the front rollers, so that it can be spun into yarn of any
desired number. For doubling two or more yarns or threads we employ a
single pair of rollers as usual, but both for spinning and doubling we wind the
yarn or thread in the shape of cops upon tubes of wood, paper, or other suitable
material. The shaper rail is moved up and down as required by connecting it
with a horizontal bar, to which variable lateral motion is imparted by causing
one or both of its ends to come in contact with a sliding cam or shaper shifted
by degrees so as to increase the motion of the bar.
In winding machines we employ a pair of rollers for regulating the speed of
the yarn or thread, and wind in the form of cops in the same manner as that
described for spinning and doubling.
A METALIC THERMOMETER
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph A. Munn at the Office of
the Cominissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th October
1860. A communication from abroad by J. B. Hubbard, of the City of
New York, U. S. of America.
I, JOSEPH A. MUNN, of New York, U.S. of America, and now residing at
No. 13, East Street, Red Lion Square, W.C., London, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "A METALIC THERMOMETER," to be as
follows:-
This thermometer consists of a netalic ring forming about seven-eighths of
a perfect circle, and is composed of brass and steel; one end of this ring is
permanently fastened to the end of one of the prongs of a forked piece of brass
(resembling a tuning fork) which extends through nearly the whole diameter
of the inside of ring. The ends of prongs of said fork are opposite the space
in the ring, and act as a fulcrum for the lever, which is composed of brass and
fastened between the prongs of fork by a pin running through them; a portion
of the lever extends beyond the prongs (the ends of them), in which there is
a slot cut lengthwise, and is connected to the unfastened end of ring with a
pin and button, the pin running through the slot; the other portion of lever
situated between the prongs is forked and in the shape of a half circle, and
extends about two-thirds of the length of first-mentioned fork. The centre
shaft, to which the index band is attached, runs through both prongs of first-
mentioned fork, standing between and on a line with the ends of the forks of
the lever, and is connected to the lever with a silk thread, sufficient turns

page_text: being taken around the shaft with the thread to keep it from slipping, and
the ends of thread stretched and fastened one to each prong of the lever; there
is also a straight steel spring attached to one prong of the lever to keep it
steady. The index hand is moved by the expansion & contraction of the metalic
ring, the one end of which being connected to the lever moves the hand by
means of the silk thread fastened to lever and shaft as afore-mentioned.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PUDDLING, BALLING, AND MILL FURNACES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Adcock at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th April
1860.
I, HENRY ADCOCK, of the City Road, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PUDDLING, BALLING,
AND MILL FURNACES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in puddling, balling, and
mill furnaces. For these purposes in constructing suitable reverberatory
furnaces for puddling iron, balling iron, and reheating iron, in place of con-
structing the fire places as heretofore the fire place of each of such furnaces is
constructed as follows:-
The bridge at the back end of the fire-bars rises to a height, by preference,
of about eighteen inches, and the opening over the bridge is about eighteen
inches above the top of the bridge to the under surface of the front end of the
reverberatory roof, but these dimensions may be varied, and in place of having
a considerable space between the front of the bridge and the inside front of
the fire place, and an opening or openings at the sides to feed the fuel through
into such space over the fire-bars, the front of the furnace is brought nearer
to the bridge, and the feeding of the fire is thro' a space under the front of
the furnace, between the lower part of which and the upper surface of the
fire-bars there is a space of about eight to ten inches in height, or sufficient to
admit of the fuel being forced under the front of the fire place on to the fire-
bars within the space between the bridge and the front, the fire-bars being

page_text: continued under the front of the fire place to receive the fuel, and they are
continued or extended by a dead plate in front of their ends. The fire-bars
are set closer together than is usually the case, and the fuel is fed on to their
front ends from a hopper above or from a dead plate, so that the heap of fuel
closes the opening between the upper surfaces of the fire-bars and the under
surface of the front of the fire-place, and in order to prevent the heap of fuel
which is external of the fire place resting against the outer surface of the front
of the fire-place, a plate is fixed in such manner as to leave an air space
between the front of the fire-place and the plate. The alternate fire-bars are
capable of being slightly raised at their ends, and by excentric or other
surfaces the front and back ends of the alternate bars are alternately slightly
raised, which prevents the formation of large clinkers. Under the fire-bars
is an inclined screen down which the cinders fall towards the front of the
ash-pit by which they are sifted, and they are from time to time thrown up with
the fresh fuel into the hopper, or on to the dead plate in front of the fire-
place. In order to retain the heat when a furnace is stopped for a time the
front opening into the fire-place is closed by a slide or suitable damper, and
such is the case in respect to the front of the ash-pit.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACE OR GRATE BARS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Scott at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th May
1860.
I, GEORGE SCOTT, Engineer, of 15, Ashburnham Terrace, Greenwich, in the
County of Kent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACE OR GRATE BARS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object such an arrangement & construction of the
fire-bars that in a given space they afford a greater area for the fuel, and more
evenly and equally distribute air into and among the burning fuel than those
now in use.
It consists in so forming the bars that their cross section is of a ridge and
furrow form, thus presenting hollows or valleys of various forms between each
pair of bars instead of, as hitherto, forming a level or plain on their upper
surface.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WHEELS FOR TRACTION AND LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Peacock and Thomas
Richard Truman at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 11th September 1860.
We, DAVID PEACOCK, of Number 6, Walpole Street, New Cross, in the
County of Kent, Engineer, and THOMAS RICHARD TRUMAN, of Number 6,
Edwin Place, Peckham, in the County of Surrey, Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
WHEELS FOR TRACTION AND LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES," to be as follows:-
The tire or periphery of the wheel is constructed with slots, in which slots
are placed bearing pieces or teeth of a triangular form (converging towards the
nave) the same respectively working on pins or bolts passing through the
hypothenuses thereof, and secured in the periphery of the wheel, the effect of
such arrangement being to bring the centre of the external or bearing surfaces
of the bearing pieces or teeth, which are perfectly straight or slightly curved,
flush or level with the external surface of the tire of the wheel. As the wheel
revolves, the angular ends of the bearing pieces, which are posterior to the line
of progression, project in such a manner as to act as pawls in gripping or
scotching the earth in the event of the wheel having a tendency to slip.
Instead of the bearing pieces or teeth being arranged and working in slots,
as before-mentioned, they may be placed and fitted on the exterior of the
wheel or between two wheels, or the rim or periphery of the wheel may be

page_text: formed entirely of such bearing pieces or teeth mounted and secured on suitable
arms radiating from the centre or nave.
A spring or springs or other suitable arrangement may be employed to keep
the bearing pieces or teeth in position.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOBBINS OR HOLDERS FOR TEXTILE MATERIALS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Mackenzie and John
Hamilton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 31st May 1860.
We, GEORGE MACKENZIE, of Paisley, in the County of Renfrew, North
Britain, Thread Manufacturer, and JOHN HAMILTON, of Glasgow, in the
County of Lanark, North Britain, Commission Merchant, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOBBINS OR HOLDERS FOR
TEXTILE MATERIALS," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to the application and use in the manufacture of
bobbins, reels, spools, or holders for textile materials of clay, porcelain, or
any suitable fictile material, instead of wood, ivory, or other materials hitherto
used in such manufacture. In making solid bobbins in this way, they are
simply moulded or turned in a lathe out of the clay or porcelain material, or
whatever plastic material may be employed. Or, instead of making them
solid, they may be made with a barrel or cylindrical centre piece, with
porcelain or clay ends attached. Bobbins made in this way present a very
handsome appearance, and they are capable of being highly ornamented.
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF CHURN
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
March 1860. A communication from abroad by Edward Lynch, of the
City of Buffalo, County of Erie, and State of New York, United States
of America.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF CHURN," to
be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved arrangement of churn, whereby the
milk and cream under operation may be more effectually exposed to the action
of the air than in churns as ordinarily constructed. To this end a floating
breaker is applied to the churn, it being formed of a ring or tube which
surrounds the central shaft that carries the beaters, and having projecting
from it radial arms which take into vertical grooves formed to receive them
in the churn case or barrel. The arms of the breaker are tapered off towards
their lower edges, and as the breaker is made to float in the case its position
therein will depend upon the amount of the fluid under operation. When a
large quantity is required to be operated upon there may, with advantage, be
placed below this floating breaker a fixed breaker of similar construction, but
keyed in position a little above the rotating beater. This beater it is
preferred to construct with dash blades, set after the manner of ordinary
propeller blades. Breakers attached to the sides of the churn, and projecting

page_text: a short distance inwards, are also provided to give additional surface for the
cream to strike against when set in agitation by the beaters. When the dash
blades are set in motion a current of air will be drawn through the ring of the
floating breaker, and a suction will be produced, which will draw the breaker
into the milk just far enough to cause a portion of the milk to break over
the ends of the arms, and flow toward the central ring. The milk will then
flow down toward the bottom to be again lifted by the dash blades, and again
broken against the arms, while the counter currents and central draft through
the ring will produce a thorough agitation and ventilation of the milk.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MARINE STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Restel Ratsey Bevis at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st January
1860.
I, RESTEL RATSEY BEVIS, of Birkenhead, Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MARINE STEAM ENGINES," to
be as follows:-
In arranging marine steam engines according to my Invention, I combine
together, as has before been proposed, a high-pressure and a low-pressure
steam cylinder working together on what is known as Wolff's principle, the
steam acting first on the piston in the high-pressure cylinder, and being
expanded from this cylinder into the low-pressure cylinder, which is of a larger
size. These cylinders I connect with a crank or cranks on the main shaft in
such a manner that the pistons of the two cylinders may not be at the ends of
their strokes; at the same time I prefer so to arrange them, that when the
engine is working forward the piston of the low-pressure cylinder may be at
the end of its stroke one-sixth of a revolution or thereabout before the piston
of the high-pressure cylinder is at the end of its stroke. The high and low
pressure cylinders being applied in this manner form a combined engine in
which the power applied to the crank shaft is sufficiently uniform throughout
the revolution to allow the combined engine to be employed for marine pur-
poses as a pair of engines are commonly employed.
It has before been proposed to construct marine engines in the manner
above described, but difficulty is found in starting such a combined engine

page_text: should it happen to stop on or near the dead point of the crank of the high-
pressure cylinder. To overcome this difficulty, I make a communication
direct from the boiler to the valve box of the low-pressure cylinder by which
steam can be admitted to this valve box by opening a valve provided for the
purpose when required to start the engine from the position before mentioned,
and between the boiler and the valve box I introduce a regulating valve,
which will close the passage as soon as sufficient steam is admitted to raise
the pressure in the valve box to, the same pressure as that at which the steam
is usually admitted to it. When the engine is at work the use of this valve
renders it impossible to put a higher pressure of steam on the low-pressure
cylinder than that which it is calculated to bear. The regulating valve is so
arranged in this passage, that the pressure of steam in the boiler (when the
starting cock is opened) raises it off its seat towards which it is pressed by a
spring or otherwise, which, however, is not of sufficient strength to keep the
valve closed against the full pressure of the steam, but when the spring is
assisted by a back pressure equal to that at which steam may safely be
admitted to the low-pressure cylinder the valve will be closed. The con-
struction of this regulating valve may, however, be varied.
AN IMPROVED COMBINED SANDWICH CASE AND DRINKING FLASK
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Horace Welch Harding at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
October 1860.
I, HORACE WELCH HARDING, of the Firm of Messrs. Thomas Harding and
Sons, Accoutrement Manufacturers, No. 108, Regent Street, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED COMBINED SANDWICH CASE AND DRINKING FLASK," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to combine a drinking flask and sandwich
case in one and the same article. This I propose effecting by forming the
exterior of the whole case of an oblong form having a division running
vertically through its centre; in one of these divisions is to be placed the
desired liquid, with a screw nozzle attached to its upper surface; the other
compartment being provided with a hinged or sliding door to contain sandwiches
and the like; metallic loops may be placed on any suitable part of the case,
by which the whole may be suspended by a strap either around the neck or
body of the wearer.
This is particularly adapted to military purposes, and to the various volunteer
corps, and when desired may be coloured to match the uniform.
AN IMPROVE- MENT IN SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Maximilian Simon at the Office-
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th Sep-
tember 1860.
I, MAXIMILIAN SIMON, of Little Moorfields, in the County of Middlesex,.
Manufacturer, do declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVE-
MENT IN SEWING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in sewing machines consists in the adaptation.
to sewing machines of the ordinary kind of a mechanical contrivance, whereby
the work or fabric to be operated upon is crimped, puckered, or gathered up,
so as to produce a kind of frill. This crimping, puckering, or gathering up is
performed at the same time as the stitching or sewing operation, with which
it will in no way interfere. The effect is produced by causing one of the two
fabrics or pieces that are to be stitched, sewed, or connected together to be
moved under the needle at greater speed, or, rather, with longer strides, at
each movement of the feeding motion than the other piece of fabric; by this
means that piece which is moved to the greater extent will be puckered up,
while the other piece will only be drawn forward the proper length of a stitch..
In order to effect this object, a thin piece or bar of metal is interposed
between the two pieces of fabric to be sewed or stitched together. One of the
edges of this thin bar is brought up to very near the point where the needle
works up and down, and the pusher bar of the feeding motion is made to act
against one of the fabrics, and push it forward to the required extent, while,

page_text: in consequence of the interposition of the thin plate, this pusher bar is pre-
vented from interfering with the other fabric. A guide bar may also be used
to guide the fabrics in their passage under the needle. The guide on this
guide bar and the thin intermediate bar are both adjustable, so as to enable
the contrivance to be used for different kinds of work.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF SEWERAGE MATTERS, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION-left by Archibald Brownlie at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th January
1860.
I, ARCHIBALD BROWNLIE, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF SEWERAGE MATTERS, AND IN THE APPARATUS
EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to a simple and effective plan of separating the solid
from the liquid matters of sewerage and other impure or waste waters, as well
as to the utilisation of such matters, and the prevention of the pollution of
rivers, canals, and lakes, into which sewerage matters have hitherto been
discharged.
According to one modification under which this Invention may be judiciously
carried out in practice, the main or arterial sewer, or a branch thereof, is fitted
up with a series of receiving vessels, having open expanded tops with con-
tracted lower ends. These receivers are so disposed in the sewer, or in con-
nection therewith, that the sewerage matters shall flow over their tops, and in
doing so the solid matters held in suspension are intercepted and gradually
deposited in the receivers. These receivers are placed in a line, so that the
solid matter missed by the first one is caught by the second, and what is
missed by the second is caught by the third, and so on throughout the series.
In this way the liquid matter flows clear away, leaving deposits of solid matter

page_text: in the receivers. The receivers are so disposed in excavations, that their
lower ends are freely accessible by waggons or railways, or otherwise, or by
barges or boats, into which the deposited matter can be discharged by opening
a small valve or discharging duct fitted in the bottom of each.
According to another modification the sewerage matters are caused to flow
through or over layers or masses of ashes, carbonaceous matter, or other
substance, so that not only is the solid matter held in suspension deposited in
such ashes, but the ammoniacal and other valuable ingredients of the sewerage
matters are similarly arrested, so as to be capable of being turned to useful
account. It is preferred to form filtering beds of ashes, or other suitable
matter, either in a series of intercepting embankments in the sewer, or to
arrange such filtering beds so as to cause the sewerage discharged to take a
tortuous or ziz-zag course, and thus enable the ashes or filtering matter to take
up all or most of the valuable ingredients of the sewerage. When the ashes
are thoroughly saturated the mass is removed and used as manure, and fresh
filtering matter deposited in their place. These two systems of receivers and
filtering beds may be worked either in conjunction or separately.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUSES FOR RAISING LIQUIDS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
October 1860. A communication from abroad by Jacques Taillandier,
of Paris, François Raynaud, of Moulins, and Jean Jan, called Paulet, of
Canet, all in the French Empire.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUSES FOR RAISING LIQUIDS," (communicated to me
from abroad by Jacques Taillandier, of Paris, François Raynaud, of Moulins,
and Jean Jan, called Paulet, of Canet, all in the French Empire,") to be as
follows:-
Two
This Invention is intended to effect the raising of liquids by vacuum.
or more receivers are connected together by a pipe provided with taps, the
said pipe being in communication by another pipe with a boiler. The bottoms
of the receivers are, by preference, convex internally, and the upper parts are,
by preference, in the form of flattened domes, carrying pipes provided with
turn-off taps, and each surmounted with a funnel or other receptacle for
water, or a reservoir in communication with the receivers by pipes ter-
minating in jets or roses. Pipes from the domes connect the two receivers,
and are in connection with a branch leading to the source from which liquid
is to be raised. The lower part of the branch pipe is provided with a valve to
prevent the return of liquid. Draw-off taps are fitted to the lower part of the
receivers.

page_text: To produce a vacuum in the receivers all air contained therein is allowed to
escape by the turn-off taps in the dome; steam is admitted to fill the
receivers; after which a small quantity of water is let from the funnels
through the jets or roses to condense the steam. Steam is admitted to, say,
one of the receivers, and as soon as a vacuum is produced communication is
opened between the pipe leading to the liquid reservoir and the exhausted
receiver; a sucking action immediately takes place, draws liquid into the
receiver, which is taken off by the tap at bottom, as required. When one
receiver is full the other is brought into action, and thus a continuous supply
of liquid is maintained. The draw-off taps may be replaced by pipes fitted
with valves acting automatically. Taps may be placed at the top of the
receivers for the exit of the air, and other parts are susceptible of modifications.
AN IMPROVED PUMP OR PORTABLE FIRE ANNIHILATOR
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Tileston Vose, of the State of Massachusetts,
of the United States of America, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED
PUMP OR PORTABLE FIRE ANNIHILATOR"
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said William Tileston Vose at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition. and Declaration,
on the 30th October 1860, pursuant to the 9th Section of the Patent
Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, BE IT
KNOWN, that I, WILLIAM TILESTON VOSE, of the State of Massachusetts,
of the United States of America, do solemnly and sincerely declare that
I have invented "AN IMPROVED PUMP OR PORTABLE FIRE ANNIHILATOR,"
and that the nature of such Invention and the manner it which the saine is
to be performed, or in other words, its construction and mode of operation, are
fully described and represented in the following Specification and the accom-
panying Drawings, of which Figure 1 is a side elevation of such pump,
showing the manner in which it is held or supported by a person while being
put in operation by him. Figure 2 is a sectional view of the pump barrel.
The pump shown in the Drawings, and having my improvement, is that for
which Letters Patent of Her Majesty Queen Victoria were granted to me on
the 25th day of January in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and fifty-five.

page_text: The nature of my Invention consists in an improved pump or com-
bination of the patented pump, with a stirrup or foot-stand, by which the
pump may not only be supported on the ground, but be maintained in position
by the foot of a person while he may be employed in operating the pump.
In the Drawings A, A, is the double-acting force-pump barrel; B, B, are
its pistons; C, C, their valves; while D, D, are the piston rods, united to a
handle E; F is the foot piece, it being a metallic bow fastened to the lower
end of the pump barrel, and made to extend therefrom in the form and
manner as shown in the Drawings. Preparatory to operating the pump the
bottom of the foot-rest should be placed on the ground, and the operator should
insert his right foot within the said rest and press it firmly downward. By
means of the foot-rest the pump will be supported while its pistons are raised
and depressed.
What I claim is, an improved pump as constructed with a barrel and a foot-
stand or rest combined and arranged together substantially as described.
In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal, this 10th day
of October 1860.
WILLIAM TILESTON VOSE. (LS.)
AN IMPROVE- MENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Holland at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th August
1860.
I, HENRY HOLLAND, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVE-
MENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS," to be
as follows:-
My Invention consists of the improvement or improvements herein-after
described in constructing the stretcher joints on the tubular ribs of umbrellas
and parasols, by which said joints the connection of the stretchers with the
said ribs is strongly and securely effected. I make the tubular rib of steel by
the ordinary method, but near the middle of the rib, the steel of which it is
made, is of greater width than at the other portion, and the edges of the said
wider portion are raised and made to lie parallel with one another, the edges
of the other portion of the said steel being brought together to form the
tubular rib. Between the said parallel portions of the rib I insert a
strengthening piece of steel, which extends about an inch on either side of the
said parallel portions. The end of the stretcher is forked, the prongs of the
said fork lying respectively between the strengthening piece of steel and the
sides of the parallel portions of the rib.
The wire forming the joint upon which the stretcher turns passes through
the three thicknesses of steel of the rib, and through the two prongs of the
fork, and is rivetted on the outside of the joint.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE-POWER FROM HEATED COMPRESSED AIR
Year: 1860

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Marc Antoine François Mennons
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th July 1860. A communication from Frédéric Guibé, resident at
Toulouse (Depart. de la Haute Garonne).
I, MARC ANTOINE FRANÇOIS MENNONS, of the British and Foreign Patent
Offices, 39, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, in the Empire of France, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION
AND ARRANGEMENT OF APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE-POWER FROM HEATED
COMPRESSED AIR," to be as follows:-
These improvements consist in a peculiar construction and arrangement of
apparatus by means of which atmospheric air compressed and heated to a high
degree is applied to the production of motive-power. In this system the coll
air is forced by a pump into a strong closed recipient, in which it is heated to
say about 250° or 300° (centigrade), and from thence passes to a driving
cylinder, similar to that of the ordinary steam engine. The heating of the
compressed air in the closed recipient may be effected internally by hydrogen,
carburetted hydrogen, or other suitable gas, or externally by any ordinary
fuel, such as coal or coke. In the latter ease, the fire instead of acting directly
on the air recipient may act on an interposed bath of fused metal, or on a
boiler charged with oil or a saline solution, and surrounding the recipient
entirely or in part.
To check the heating produced by the compression of the air and the friction
of the piston the feeding pump is enclosed in a case charged with cold water.

page_text: The air passing to the pump is carried through the water of this case, and
thus impregnated with moisture is thrown into the closed recipient, where the
aqueous particles are converted into steam. To economise as far as possible
the heat of the air on its escape from the driving cylinder, it is carried round
the conduit of the cold air delivered by the pump. The expansion gear is so
arranged as to vary independently (by means of two distinct guide pieces,) the
course of two slide valves (one expansion and one distribution), enclosed in
two superposed boxes. The piston packings are composed of a series of
metallic plates with parallel faces, between each of which is placed a metallic
wedge. The plates alone are in contact with the piston rod and the surfaces
of the cylinder, to which they fit exactly, so that the packing is continuous on
all sides. The pressure of these plates against the wedges, the cylinder, and
the piston rod is maintained by metallic springs.