Improvements in Telegraphic Transmitters and Receivers.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 24th May, 1899
22nd Ech 1000 Accented 24th May 1000
Date of Application, 24th May, 1899
Complete Specification Loft, 22nd Feb., 1000 Accepted, 24th May, 1000
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Telegraphic Transmitters and Receivers.
A communication from abroad by ALBERT CUSHING CREHORE, of Hanover, Grafton
Country, New Hampshire, United States of America, Professor of Physics,
and GEORGE OWEN SQUIER, of Fort Monroe, Elizabeth City County, Virginia,
United States of America, Lieutenant in U.S.A.
I, WILLIAM LLOYD WISE, of 46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
London, Consulting Engineer and Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to telegraphic transmitters and receivers, but will be
described with special reference to receivers and to that class thereof known as
chemical receivers.
In transmitters. using perforated tapes similar to that shewn in Patent
No. 6787 of 1897 and in the well known chemical receivers the message has been
perforated longitudinally of the tapes and received longitudinally thereof. In
both instruments such tapes are inconvenient for handling and give considerable
trouble, particularly in the case of long messages.
One object of the present invention is so to organize an instrument or apparatus
that it may be used as a transmitter or as a receiver and that it will be adapted
to transmit messages from sheets wherein they have been perforated in lines
transversely of the sheet and also to receive messages in lines transversely of
a sheet. The messages will then be in letter form and will be much more easily
handled.
Another object of the invention is to construct a receiver that will be especially
adapted to take messages sent by the alternating current transmitters con-
structed in accordance with the before mentioned patent. The receiver is not,
however, limited to use with such transmitters since it is readily adaptable for
use in the place of any chemical receiver.
Fig. 1 of the accompanying drawings is a plan of a receiver according to this
invention, Fig. 2 is a front elevation thereof, and Fig. is a side elevation
with parts shown in section; Fig. 4 represents a part of a sheet bearing characters
as formed in the instrument when used as a receiver: Fig. 5 is a similar repre-
sentation of a sheet perforated with the same characters and adapted for use in
the same instrument when used as a transmitter.
The drawings simply represent the elemental parts of one example of apparatus
according to this invention, no attempt being made to illustrate details and
refinements of construction.
In chemical receivers now in use wherein styli or points are employed for
leading the current to the tape, the said styli are held in a fixed position and the
chemically prepared paper or strip is fed through the apparatus. In a receiver
according to this invention, however, the styli are made to travel across the paper
or message sheet, which is itself made to travel under them. The paper may be
in the form of sheets or in a continuous web as shown in Fig. 3.

page_text: The message sheet may be made to travel step-by-step so as to be stationary
while the styli are making a trip across it and to move a line space between the
trips of the styli-in this case the styli would move straight across the sheet;
or the sheet may have a continuous movement and the styli may then be made
to move obliquely across the machine, their speed with relation to that of the
sheet being so timed that the paper will have advanced a line space between
the commencements of successive trips of the styli, and the line of characters will
be straight across the sheet. The example illustrated is designed to produce the
rombined movements of styli and paper just mentioned.
The frame of the receiver is indicated at 5, and may be of any suitable form
and construction. In it is journalled a roller 6, which is in a sense a platen and
may be so termed. This roller may be formed in any suitable way. Its surface
may serve as a conductor or not as preferred. If metal it should be of tin or
nickle or plated therewith. It is shown in Fig. 3 as formed of a metal tube
mounted on and suitably insulated from the heads in which the journals of the
roller are secured. When the platen is a conductor the apparatus may be used
on either an alternating current circuit or on a direct current circuit. When
the platen is used as a conductor it may be placed in circuit by any suitable means
such as a brush 7, as indicated in dotted lines in Fig. 3.
The chemically prepared or sensitized paper is preferably made up in a roll
and mounted in one end of the frame as indicated at 8. From this roll the
paper is led over the cylinder 6, and around suitable guide rolls, one being
indicated as at 9, and out through feeding rolls indicated at 10 and 11, the paper
being indicated by the line 12.
$
In the example instrument shown ri., one adapted to receive messages from an
alternating current transmitter-two styli or points 13, 14, are associated together
(Figs. 1 and 2) to which the terminals of the line are led. These styli may be
made to travel across the apparatus in various ways. They may, as shewn, be
mounted upon a cross piece as 15, and insulated from one another. This cross
piece is secured to conducting tapes 16, 17, so constructed that current may be
applied to them while in motion. These tapes are in the form of endless bands
and mounted upon rollers or drums journalled in suitable brackets or bearings
at each side of the apparatus. The drums are indicated at 18 and 19.
One way in which these drums may be constructed is best illustrated in Fig. 3,
in which one is shown provided with metallic rings 20, 21, suitably insulated
from one another so that each may receive one of the conducting tapes. These
rings have flanges or projections extending to the face of the pulley so that
contacts or brushes as indicated at 22, 23, may bear thereon and convey the
current through the rings 20 and 21 to the metallic bands and the styli carried
thereby. Several pairs of styli 13, 14, may be mounted upon the same bands 4,
four such pairs being indicated in the drawings. These pairs are placed at equal
distances apart, which may be such that one pair will engage the message sheet
just before the preceding pair leaves it so that it will be impossible for the
apparatus to omit any character. The current flows from one stylus to the other
through the message sheet and as the alternations occur a mark is made at one
needle and then at the other, to cessation of current or the periods of zero current
between alternations or semi-cycles producing no mark upon the sheet.
The styli are preferably led upon and off the paper by means of insulating dises
or sheets such as are indicated at 24 and 25. These discs insure a steady and
perfect engagement of the styli with the paper as they come upon the latter and
Jikewise a smooth and steady movement in leaving the paper even when travelling
at a high speed. These discs also serve to determine the margin of the sheet on
which the messages are received. In providing for the presence of one set or two
sets of brushes or styli upon the paper just before the preceding set leaves the
same, the repetition of a portion of a character or signal will frequently be
produced. This repetition, however, is readily discernible, but for the purpose
of making it absolutely clear where such repetition terminates, horizontal lines

page_text: may be formed upon the sensitized paper to indicate the actual limits of the lines
of characters. These lines may be made by marking devices as the paper is
passing through the apparatus. These marking devices may consist of inking
pins but are preferably steel needles in an electric circuit which with its battery
is indicated at 32. The needles are indicated at 26 and 27, as mounted upon
the frame of the machine and bearing upon the paper as it passes over the
platen G. These marginal lines are represented in Fig. 4, at 28, and the
character "y" is therein shown as repeated. Fig. 4 also illustrates the appearance
of the characters upon sensitized paper.
The brackets 29 for the drums 18 and 19 may be of any suitable form and
mounted or formed upon the frame of the apparatus in any suitable way.
Any suitable means may be employed for transmitting motion to the styli 13
and 14. In the drawings there is shown for this purpose a pulley 30 mounted
upon the shaft carrying the drum 19. To the driving pulley 30 power may be
transmitted in any suitable way, as by belt or chain from a suitable motive
power.
The movement of the paper through the apparatus may be caused in any
suitable way may be by gearing connected to that which propels the styli.
The drawings illustrate this movement as produced by means of a worm 31
which is mounted upon the shaft with the driving pulley 30, and meshes with
a worm wheel 33 mounted upon the shaft of the feeding roll 10.
As will be seen from Fig. 1, the brackets 29 are so mounted that the styli 13
and 14 travel obliquely across the apparatus and that their point of leaving the
paper is a line space from the point with which they engage the paper.
The movement of the paper is so regulated with relation to the speed and
obliquity of movement of the styli that the lines or characters are parallel and
extend across the sheet at right angles to its lateral edges.
In using this apparatus for receiving messages in a direct current circuit the
marks will all appear at one stylus, the current passing from one stylus through
the paper to the other, or by the omission of one stylus it may pass from the
remaining stylus through the roller G.
In each character represented on the message sheet in Fig. 4, the upper dots
or dashes are made by say, the positive semi-cycles transmitted, while the lower
ones are made by the negative semi-cycles transmitted, the intervals between
the dots representing the periods of zero current and the spaces between the
characters or words representing the semi-cycles that have been suppressed by
the transmitter plus the period of zero current at the end of one character and
the beginning of the next.
Obviously the apparatus described is not limited to the receipt of any particular
style of character or signal but may be used with any of the existing codes.
To use this instrument as a transmitter the messages are prepared as indicated
at Fig. 5, wherein perforations are shown as made in a sheet of paper or other
suitable non-conducting material in the regular order indicated in Fig. 4. The
message sheet thus prepared is then fed over the platen 6, and as the styli ride
across the sheet they make circuit with the platen through the perforations, the
circuit being interrupted as the styli ride over the portions of the sheet between
the perforations.
To render a transmitting sheet operative with alternating current it must have
the brushes or styli move over the holes in synchronism so that the makes and
breaks occur at the points of zero current.

page_text: A communication from abroad by ALBERT CUSHING ('REHORE, of Hanover, Grafton
County, New Hampshire, United States of America, Professor of Physics,
and GEORGE OWEN SQUIER, formerly of Fortress Monroe, Elizabeth City
County, State of Virginia, but now of Washington, District of Columbia,
United States of America, Captain in the United States Army.
I, WILLIAM LLOYD WISE, of 46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
London, Consulting Engineer and Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to telegraphic transmitters and receivers, but will be
described with special reference to receivers and to that class thereof known
as chemical receivers.
In transmitters using perforated tapes, such as described in the Specification of
Letters Patent No. 6787 of 1897 granted for an invention communicated to me
by the aforesaid Albert C. Crehore and George O. Squier, and'in the well known
chemical receivers, the message has usually been perforated longitudinally of the
tapes for use in the transmitters, and received longitudinally on the plain
prepared tapes fed through the receivers. In both the transmitters and the
receivers such tapes are inconvenient for handling and give considerable trouble,
particularly in the case of long messages.
One object of the present invention is so to organize an instrument or
apparatus that it may be used as a transmitter or as a receiver and that it will
be adapted to transmit messages from sheets wherein they have been perforated
in lines transversely of the sheets and also to receive messages in lines trans-
versely of a sheet. The messages will then be in letter form and will be much
more easily handled.
Another object of the invention is to construct a receiver that will be especially
adapted to take messages sent by the alternating-current transmitters constructed
in accordance with the aforesaid specification. The receiver is not, however,
limited to use with such transmitters since it is readily adaptable for use in
the place of any chemical receiver.
Fig. 1 of the drawings filed with my Provisional Specification is a plan of a
receiver according to this invention. Fig. 2 is a front elevation thereof, and
Fig. 3 is a side elevation with parts shown in section: Fig. 4 represents a part of
a sheet bearing characters as formed in the instrument when used as a receiver:
Fig. 5 is a similar representation of a sheet perforated with the same characters
and adapted for use in the same instrument when used as a transmitter.
The drawings simply represent the elemental parts of one example of apparatus
according to this invention, no attempt being made to illustrate details and
refinements of construction.
In all chemical receivers now in use of which the communicators are aware and
wherein styli or points are employed for leading the current to the tape, the said
styli are held in a fixed position and the chemically prepared paper or strip
is fed through the apparatus. In a receiver according to this invention, however.
the styli are made to travel across the paper or message sheet, which is itself
made to travel under them. The paper may be in the form of sheets or in a
continuous web as shown in Fig. 3.
The message sheet may be made to travel step-by-step so as to be stationary
while the styli are making a trip across it and to move a line space between the

page_text: trips of the styli-in this case the styli would move straight across the sheet;
or the sheet may have a continuous movement and the styli may then be made
to move obliquely across the machine, their speed in relation to that of the sheet
being so timed that the paper will have advanced a line space between the com-
mencement of successive trips of the styli, and the line of characters will be
straight across the sheet. The example illustrated is designed to produce the
combined movements of the styli and the paper just mentioned.
The frame of the receiver is indicated at 5, and may be of any suitable form
and construction. In it is journalled a roller 6, which is in a sense a platen and
may be so termed. This roller may be formed in any suitable way. Its surface
may serve as a conductor or not as preferred. If of metal, it should be of tin
or nickle or plated therewith. It is shown in Fig. 3 as formed of a metal tube
mounted on and suitably insulated from the heads in which the journals of the
roller are secured. When the platen is a conductor the apparatus may be used
in either an alternating-current circuit or a direct-current circuit. When the
platen is used as a conductor it may be placed in circuit by any suitable means
such as a brush 7, as indicated in dotted lines in Fig. 3.
The chemically prepared or sensitized paper is preferably made up in a roll
and mounted in one end of the frame as indicated at 8. From this roll the paper
is led over the cylinder 6, and around suitable guide rolls, one being indicated
at 9, and out through feeding rolls indicated at 10 and 11, the paper being
indicated by the line 12.
In the example instrument shown-riz., one adapted to receive messages from
an alternating-current transmitter-two styli or points 13 and 14 are associated
together (Figs. 1 and 2) and to them are connected respectively the terminals of
the line-in other words, the line and the return. These styli may be made to
travel across the apparatus in various ways. They may, as shown, be mounted
upon a cross piece as 15, and insulated from each other. This cross piece is
secured to conducting tapes 16 and 17 so constructed that current may be
applied to them while in motion--steel is a suitable material for them. These
tapes are in the form of endless bands and mounted upon rollers or drums
journalled in suitable brackets or bearings at each side of the apparatus. The
drums are indicated at 18 and 19. The two bands are connected to the two styli
respectively, and each of them travels in a plane perpendicular to that of the
sheet.
One way in which these drums may be constructed is best illustrated in Fig. 3,
in which one is shown provided with metallic rings 20 and 21, suitably insulated
from each other so that each may receive one of the conducting tapes. These rings
have flanges or projections extending to the face of the pulley so that contacts
or brushes, as indicated at 22 and 23, may bear thereon and convey the current
through the rings 20 and 21 to the metallic bands and the styli carried thereby.
Several pairs of styli 13 and 14 may be mounted upon the same bands 16 and 17,
four such pairs being indicated in the drawings. These pairs are placed at equal
distances apart, which are preferably such that one pair will engage the message
sheet just before the preceding pair leaves it so that it will be impossible for the
apparatus to omit any character. The current flows from one stylus to the
other of a pair through the message sheet, and as the alternations occur a mark
is made at one needle or stylus and then at the other: cessation of current, or the
periods of zero current between alternations or semi-cycles, produce no mark
upon the sheet.
The styli are preferably led upon and off the paper by means of insulating
discs or sheets such as are indicated at 24 and 25. These discs insure a steady
and perfect engagement of the styli with the paper as they come upon the latter
and likewise a smooth and steady movement in leaving the paper even when
travelling at a high speed. These discs also serve to fix the margin of the sheet
on which the messages are received. In providing for the presence of one set
of styli upon the paper just before the preceding set leaves the same, the

page_text: :
repetition of a portion of a character or signal will frequently be produced. This
repetition, however, can be casily discerned; but for the purpose of making it
absolutely clear where such repetition terminates, longitudinal lines may be
formed upon the sensitized paper to indicate the actual limits of the lines of
characters. These lines may be made by marking devices as the paper is passing
through the apparatus. These marking devices may consist of inking pens but
are preferably steel needles in an electric circuit, which, with its battery, is
indicated at 332. The needles are indicated at 26 and 27 as mounted upon the
frame of the machine and bearing on the paper as it passes over the platen 6.
These marginal lines are represented in Fig. 4 at 28, and the character "g" is
shown therein as repeated. Fig. 4 also illustrates the appearance of the characters
upon sensitized paper.
The brackets 29 for the drums 18 and 19 may be of any suitable form and
mounted or formed upon the frame of the apparatus in any suitable way.
Any suitable means may be employed for transmitting motion to the styli 13
and 14. In the drawings there is shown for this purpose a pulley 30 mounted
upon the shaft carrying. the drum 19. To the driving pulley 30 power may
he transmitted in: any suitable way, as by belt or chain from a suitable motive
power..
The movement of the paper through the apparatus may be caused in any
suitable way, as by gearing connected.. to that which propels the styli. The
drawings illustrate this movement as produced by means of a worm 31 which is
mounted on the same shaft as the driving pulley 30, and engages with a worm
wheel 33 mounted on the shaft of the feeding roll 10.
1
As will be seen from Fig. 1, the brackets 29 are so mounted that the styli 13
and 14 travel obliquely across the apparatus and that their point of leaving the
paper is a line space from the point at which they engage the paper.
The movement of the paper is so regulated in relation to the speed and
obliquity of movement of the styli that the lines of characters are parallel and
extend across the sheet at right angles to its lateral edges.
In using this apparatus for receiving messages in a direct-current circuit
the marks will all appear at one stylus, the current passing from one stylus
through the paper to the other: or by the omission of one stylus it may pass from
the remaining stylus through the roller 6.
In each character represented on the message sheet in Fig. 4, the upper marks
are made by, say, the positive semi-eyeles transmitted, while the lower ones are
made by the negative semi-cycles transmitted, the intervals between the marks
representing the periods of zero current and the spaces between the characters or
words representing the semi-cycles that have been suppressed by the transmitter
plus the period of zero current at the end of one character and the beginning of
the next.
Obviously the apparatus described is not limited to the receipt of characters
or signals of any particular style but may be used for any of the existing codes.
To use this instrument as a transmitter, the messages are prepared as indicated
at Fig. 5, wherein perforations are shown as made in a sheet of paper or other
suitable non-conducting material in the regular order indicated in Fig. 4. The
message sheet thus prepared is then fed over the platen 6, and as the styli (or
brushes, which may be substituted therefor) ride across the sheet they make
circuit with the platen through the perforations, the circuit being interrupted
as the styli or brushes ride over the portions of the sheet between the perforations.
To render a transmitting sheet operative with alternating current it must have
the brushes or styli move over the holes in synchronism with the generation of
pulses of current so that the makes and breaks occur at the points of zero current.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:
1. In a telegraphic instrument, the combination with means for moving a

page_text: message sheet, of styli or brushes mounted to move obliquely across the path of
the sheet, the movement of the sheet and styli or brushes being so timed that
each succeeding stylus or brush will strike the paper one line space behind the
preceding stylus or brush and that the paths of the styli or brushes will be
perpendicular to the edges of the sheet.
2. In a telegraphic instrument, the combination with means for moving a
message sheet, of a stylus or brush or styli or brushes moving across the sheet
and means for protecting the margin of the sheet from the action of the stylus
or brush or styli or brushes substantially as described.
3. In a telegraphic instrument, the combination with means for moving a
message sheet of a conducting band mounted on pulleys at the sides of the
instrument one or more styli or brushes carried by the said band, and means for
conveying current to the said band and styli or brushes, substantially as described.
4. In a telegraphic instrument, the combination with a message sheet, of an
insulated conducting surface extending transversely under it and pairs of styli
or brushes connected in the circuit of the instrument and movable across the
sheet over the said conducting surface through which the path of the current
from one stylus or brush to the other of each pair is completed.
5. In a telegraphic instrument, the combination with means for moving a
message sheet, of a pair of conducting bands insulated from each other, styli
or brushes carried by each band, pulleys provided with conducting surfaces over
which the bands pass, and electric brushes or contacts bearing upon projections
or extensions of the said surfaces for conveying current to the styli or brushes.
6. In a telegraphic instrument, the combination with a prepared message
sheet and mechanism for feeding it, of a continuous conducting band carrying
conducting styli or brushes in straight lines transversely across the sheet.
7. In a telegraphic instrument, the combination with means for uniformly
moving a message sheet, of a continuous conducting band or bands carrying
conducting styli or brushes adapted to move uniformly across the sheet in
straight lines at right angles to the edges of the sheet.
8. In a telegraphic instrument, the combination with a prepared message
sheet, of conducting styli or brushes carried on a continuous metallic belt or
continuous metallic belts which is or are caused to travel in a plane or planes
perpendicular to the sheet so as to move the styli or brushes in straight lines
transversely across the moving sheet, and means for conveying current to the
said belt or belts.
9. In a telegraphic instrument, the combination with a chemically prepared
message sheet, and means for uniformly moving the sheet, of a pair of metallic
bands insulated from each other and connected respectively to the terminals
of the line, and means for moving the bands in a plane or planes perpendicular
to the sheet so that the styli or brushes carried by the bands move uniformly in
straight lines across the sheet.
10. In a telegraphic instrument, the combination with a prepared message
sheet and means for moving the same, of conducting bands carrying four sets
of conducting styli or brushes equally distributed around the band and adapted
to be carried in straight lines transversely across the moving sheet and means
for conveying current to the said bands.
11. Telegraphic transmitters and receivers constructed, arranged, and operating
substantially as hereinbefore described and shown in the drawings filed with
my Provisional Specification.
Dated this 22nd day of lahmane 1000
W. LLOYD WISE,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C.,
Chartered Patent Agent.