Improvements in Kilns for Burning Cement-making Materials and for similar purposes.
Year: 1898

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Kilns for Burning Cement-making Materials and for
similar purposes.
I, JOHN CAMERON SWAN, of 4, St. Nicholas Buildings, in the City and County
of Newcastle-on-Tyne, Portland Cement Manufacturer, do hereby declare the
nature of my invention to be as follows:-
This invention has for its object to provide a kiln in which cement-making
materials in the form of slurry, or in a dry, or semi-dry, state can be dried and
burnt (or only burnt if dry already) in a continuous manner.
The kiln con-
structed according to this invention, for the drying and burning of slurry for
example, consists of a vertical structure having a tube, or tubes (preferably of
iron) in its upper part. Beneath this the kiln consists of a continuation of
brickwork preferably wider at top than at bottom and beneath this is a con-
tinuation preferably wider at bottom than at top the walls of which
are of double metal casings constituting a jacket with means for
allowing a current of water to pass through the said jacket. Into this
jacketted continuation opens a passage leading from a gas producer, or furnace.
which may be protected at its hottest part by a water jacket and is provided
with means for blowing in air to generate combustible gas from the carbon and
hydrogen of the fuel. Beneath the said jacketted continuation is a cooling
chamber provided with means for admitting air and for removing the burnt
material.
or
to the out-
When the kiln is to be put into operation, as applied for example to the
drying and burning of a slurry of cement-making materials, slurry is run into
the tube, or tubes, in the upper part of the kiln which is,
are, surrounded by the escaping kiln gases on their way
let flue. The slurry is here dried, or partly dried, and descends into the
continuation of the kiln beneath, in which the gases from the lower part of
the kiln pass through the interstices in the materials under treatment and com-
plete the drying, if necessary, and dehydrate the silicates and decarbonate the
carbonates. The material descends into the jacketted continuation wherein the
heat derived from the combustion of the gases from the gas producer, or furnace,
passing through interstices in the descending mass of material, is high enough
to effect combination of lime silica, alumina and ferric oxide, which are now
the chief components of the mass. The mass is partly fritted and forms clinker
which descends into the cooling chamber where it is cooled by the entering air.
From time to time part of the cooled clinker is withdrawn, causing the material
above to descend to be subjected to the gradually increasing heat resulting in
its conversion into clinker. The heat produced by combustion of gases from
the producer or furnace by the agency of hot air from the cooling chamber may
be regulated by partial, or complete combustion of the gases in the upper part of
the producer or furnace, or in the flue. leading therefrom to the kiln, into which
air may be blown. The producer, or furnace, may be fed at intervals, with

page_text: fuel through a mouth provided with a door resembling that of a gas retort,
and the ashes from the fuel are withdrawn, when necessary from the
ashpit into which they fall, the said ashpit containing water which
forms a lute that prevents escape of air from the producer or furnace. The
air is preferably blown into the producer or furnace and cooling chamber, but
the kiln and producer may be worked by chimney draught or by a mechanical
exhauster. The kiln described is applicable for treating mixtures made in the
semi-dry, or dry, way, well known in cement making or natural minerals.
For these materials the upper tube, or tubes, may not be necessary and the
materials may be directly charged into the kiln either through an open mouth,
or by means of a bell and cone, or other contrivance, suitable for charging when
the gases, from a kiln, or furnace, are carried into a chimney, or into apparatus
for further use, or treatment.
1
101
1
P
1000
JOHNSONS & WILLCOX,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agents.
DI MULTIVATION
Improvements in Kilns for Burning Cement-making Materials and for
similar purposes.
I, JOHN CAMERON SWAN, of 4, St. Nicholas Buildings, in the City and County
of Newcastle-on-Tyne, Portland Cement Manufacturer, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention has for its object to provide a kiln in which cement-making
materials in the form of slurry, or in a dry, or semi-dry, state can be dried and
burnt, (or only burnt if dry already) in a continuous manner.
I will describe my invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Figure 1 is a vertical section on the line QR, Figure 3, Figure 2 is a vertical
section on the line T S, Figure 3, and Figure 3 is a transverse section on the
line V W X Y Z Figure 1. The kiln constructed according to this invention,
for the drying and burning of slurry for example, consists of a vertical structure
having a tube, or tubes, a (preferably of iron) in its upper part. Beneath this
the kiln consists of a continuation of brickwork, preferably wider at top than
at bottom, and beneath this is a continuation d, preferably wider at bottom than
at top; the walls of which continuation are of double metal casings, constituting
a jacket which is provided with means for allowing a current of water to
pass through the said jacket. Into this jacketted continuation opens a passage k
leading from a gas producer or furnace e which may be protected at its hottest
part by a water jacket and is provided with an opening for charging the
producer or furnace with fuel and with means for blowing in air by an opening or
openings as at to generate combustible gas from the carbon and hydrogen of the
fuel. Beneath the said jacketted continuation d is a cooling chamber 9 provided
with means for admitting air, as at h, and the door for removing the burnt
material. The opening at f is for blowing air into the upper part of the producer,
or furnace, to burn the gas therefrom, if necessary, should the air blown in at h
be insufficient for the complefe combustion of the gases produced in the furnace
or producer.
Openings are provided in the jacket as shewn at the right hand side of
Figs. 1 and 3 for the purpose of inserting tools, if necessary, to aid the descent

page_text: of the clinker from d to g. These openings are closed by firebrick blocks or
otherwise unless when opened occasionally for the above purpose.
, Fig. 1, indicates iron girders carrying the flue k over the open space between
the gas producer e and the kiln. This open space is not essential unless to pro-
vide free space around the water jacket e forming the combustion chamber
of the gas producer e.
When the kiln is to be put into operation as applied for example to the drying
and burning of a slurry of cement-making materials slurry is run into the tube,
or tubes, a, in the upper part of the kiln, which tube, or tubes, is, or are,
surrounded by the escaping kiln gases on their way to the outlet flue b. The
slurry is dried or partly dried, in the tube or tubes, a and descends into the
continuation c of the kiln beneath, in which the gases from the lower part of
the kiln pass through the interstices in the materials under treatment and complete
the drying, if necessary and dehydrate the silicates and decarbonate the carbonates.
The material descends into the jacketted continuation wherein the heat,
derived from the combustion of the gases from the gas producer, or furnace, e
and passing through interstices in the descending mass of material, is high
enough to effect combination of lime, silica, alumina, and ferric oxide, which are
now the chief components of the mass. The mass is partly fritted, and forms
clinker which descends into the cooling chamber where it is cooled by the
entering air. From time to time part of the cooled clinker is withdrawn by
the door causing the material above to descend to be subjected to the gradually
increasing heat resulting in its conversion into clinker. The heat produced by
combustion of gases from the producer, or furnace e, by the agency of hot air
from the cooling chamber g, may be regulated by partial, or complete combustion
of the gases in the upper part of the producer, or furnace, è or in the flue
leading therefrom to the kiln, into which air may be blown, as aforesaid by
the opening f. The producer, or furnace, may be fed, at intervals with fuel
through the mouth 7 provided with a door resembling that of a gas retort and
the ashes from the fuel are withdrawn when necessary, from the ash-pit m
into which they fall through the continuation n the said ash-pit containing water
which forms a lute that prevents escape of air from the producer or furnace. The
air is preferably blown into the producer, or furnace and cooling chamber, but
the kiln and producer may be worked by chimney draught, or by a mechanical
exhauster. The kiln described is applicable for treating natural minerals, or
mixtures made in the semi-dry, or dry, way, well known in cement making. For
certain materials (say when treating natural materials) the tube or tubes a may
be dispensed with, and the materials be directly charged into the kiln, either
through an open mouth, or by means of a bell and cone, or other contrivance
suitable for charging when the gases, from a kiln, or furnace, are carried into a
chimney, or into apparatus for further use, or treatment.
The various openings can be closed by doors or plugs when not in use.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is: —
1. A kiln consisting of, or comprising, a vertical structure with means for
admitting the material to be treated thereto at top, and a cooling chamber beneath,
and a gas producer, or furnace, with an inlet for the products of combustion
therefrom to the said vertical structure above the cooling chamber, and an outlet
for the said products at the upper part of the said vertical structure substantially
as hereinbefore described.
2. In a kiln, a vertical structure comprising an inlet at top for the material
treated, and an outlet flue, a continuation beneath, wider above than below,
beneath this an inlet from a producer or furnace, and beneath this again a
cooling chamber; substantially as hereinbefore described.
3. In a kiln, a vertical structure having an inlet tube, or tubes, in its upper

page_text: part for the admission of the materials to be treated, and beneath this a jacketted
continuation and beneath this again a cooling chamber, and a producer, or
furnace, with a passage communicating with the said vertical structure between
the said cooling chamber and the said jacketted continuation, and means for
admitting air to the producer, or furnace, and to the cooling chamber, and an
outlet for the volatile products from the said producer, or furnace and kiln
at the upper part of the said vertical structure; all substantially as herein before
described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 29th day of March 1899.
JOHNSONS & WILLCOX,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Agents.