Machines for the Reduction of Cereals and other Products to Useful, Artistic, and Convenient Forms for Food.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 10th Nov., 1896-Accepted, 23rd Jan., 1897
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Machines for the Reduction of Cereals and other Products to Useful,
Artistic, and Convenient Forms for Food.
I, HENRY D PERKY, of Number 57-Jackson Street, in the City of Worcester,
County of Worcester, and State of Massachusetts, in the United States of
America, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention has relation to machines for the reduction of cereals and other
products to useful, artistic and convenient forms for food, wherein is employed a
pair of reducing rolls or cylinders, one or both of which is formed with fine
circumferential grooves into which the grain, duly softened by boiling or otherwise,
is pressed by the action of the rolls or cylinders, and from which it is removed
in the form of slender porous threads or filaments by the action of a suitable
comb-like scraper.
The object of the invention is to provide a machine of this character which is
especially designed for family use, and which may be operated by hand power,
such machine being also provided with means of improved character for shaping
the threads or filaments, as they are discharged from the rolls, into convenient and
attractive forms for use.
Referring to the accompanying drawings,
Figure 1 is a plan view of the machine embodying the invention;
Figure 2 is a side elevation of the same, with the rotary table in operating
position, and the roll forming device inactive ;
Figure 3 is a front view;
Figure 4 is a vertical section of the upper portion of the machine; and
Figure 5 is a plan view of the reducing rolls and the comb or scraper.
In these drawings the letter A designates the frame of the machine, which is
provided at B with a suitable clamp or fastening by means of which it can be
secured to a table or other desired supporting bed.
Said frame is provided with a pair of parallel standards A', each of which has
at its upper end an inverted U-shaped or bowed neck A, which carries the
boxes A³ for the journals of the reducing rolls or cylinders D, D. These arches
or bowed portions are sufficiently slender to permit them to spring somewhat in
order to facilitate the adjustment of the rolls or cylinders D, D¹, with respect to
each other, such adjustment being accomplished by means of the tension bolts E,
one of which is provided at each side of the machine. These bolts are seated in
the upper portions of the standards A', and extend longitudinally or chord wise
with references to the arches A2, engaging downward tensions E of the boxes or
bearings of the front roll or cylinder D.
Said rolls or cylinders, which are thus supported forward of the standards A',
and over an interspace above the bed plate of the frame, are journaled side by
side, and are adjustable to neat and accurate contact with each other, the roll Ď
having a series of fine circumferential grooves d, d therein. F, F, indicates the
intermeshing gears of said rolls, and F', is the driving pinion which meshes with
the gear of the rear roll and is carried by the main shaft F, which is journaled
in the bearings F of the frame, and is fitted with a crank F'.

page_text: G indicates the feed hopper which is seated between the arches or neck A² and
rests by means of the concave edges of its side flanges upon circular rebated
bearings d' at the end of the rolls. H represents the toothed comb or scraper
which removes the product from the grooves of the roll D.
The machine is provided with means whereby the filaments delivered from the
roll D, may be put in neat and attractive form for use.
For making biscuit forms and also for making other shapes, such as would be
suitable for pie crust, strawberry shortcake, or other layer forms where it is
designed to place the fruit, meat etc. upon or between layers of the cereal product,
I provide the following mechanism.
A horizontal circular rotary table situated below the level of the comb or
scraper H of the machine is carried by a peripherally grooved belt wheel I
which is journaled to the free end portion of a horizontal arm J, which is pivoted
to a pin of the bed portions of the frame A, said pin being below the inner edge
of the pulley K, on the end of the shaft of the roll D', which drives the wheel [1
by means of a belt K', passing over said pulley and downward around two
idlers k, k¹, whereby the belt is deflected horizontally around the wheel. These
idlers are mounted upon bearings of the arm J, almost directly over the pin j in
order that, without interfering with the belt engagement, said arm being swung
to carry the table I into the interspace below the rolls of the machine for use, or
to move it out of the way. When swung below the rolls for use it can be
'adjusted in different positions so that the food product delivered from the comb or
scraper from the rolls may be deposited upon any desired zone thereof. The
rotations of the table causes the filamentous product to be deposited thereon in
the form of superposed layers of more or less uniform character; and by moving
the arm J, the entire surface of the table may be uniformly covered to the desired
depth. The table may then be removed from the machine, and the mass cut into
biscuit or other form. Or, after the layer of the cereal is deposited upon the
table, a layer of chopped or shredded meat or chicken may be placed thereon.
I do not desire to limit myself to any particular meaus for rotating the table I,
since this may be accomplished in various ways.
Another form in which the machine is adapted to deliver the product is that of
cylindrical roll or loaf. This roll or loaf is formed by winding the filamentous
deposit upon a small smooth surfaced spindle L, from which it is removed by an
end wise movement when the proper size is reached. This spindle is journaled
transversely of the machine in open slots L', of arm M, which are respectively
hinged or pivoted to forward extensions M', of the bows or necks A2, as the sides
of the machines. Journaled in the free end portions of these arms is a rough
surfaced roller N, of comparatively large diameter, with which the spindle L is
designed to engage by gravity so that it will be revolved by the frictional contact.
When in operation, said roller is rotated by means of a belt O, extending from a
pulley O¹, on the shaft of the roll D' to a pulley O2 on its own shaft.
The product as it is discharged from the rolls by the comb or scraper falls upon
this roller N and is removed therefrom upon the spindle L, which rises in the
slots as the roll thereon increases in diameter.
Where it is desired to shape the product into cup form, the same mechanism is
employed with the exception that a spindle of larger diameter is used. In this
manner the product roll is formed with a larger hole or cavity, and may be used
in such form. Or, it may be cut in half, forming two sections. In either case the
bottom of the product roll or those of its sections may be filled with a small
quantity of the shredded or filamentous product, forming a cup in which either
before or after baking may be placed any edible substance such as tomatoes, eggs,
fruit, meats, oysters etc.
When not in use the arms M, with the roller N, may be turned upward into
position as shown in full lines if Figure 2 of the drawings. being held in such
position by means of set screws P out of the way so that the table I may be swung
into position below the compressing rolls.

page_text: R, R, designates screws by means of which the comb or scraper H, may be
adjusted relatively to the grooved roll D.
S designates a cap plate or guard which is placed over the driving parts of the
machine. The standard supports A', A3, of the frame extend forward in an
overhanging manner over the front of the bed plate, and are made of suitable
strength.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is-
1. The hereinbefore described machine, adapted to reduce cooked cereals into
the form of slender porous threads or filaments, and having means whereby the
same, upon delivery, are shaped into the form of rolls, biscuit, pie crust, and the
like, as may be desirable, substantially as specified.
2. The hereinbefore described machine for reducing cooked cereals into
the form of slender porous threads or filaments, and for shaping such product into
convenient and attractive forms for use, said machine comprising essentially a
pair of reducing rolls, one of which is circumferentially grooved, and between
which the grain is crushed, a feed hopper, a comb device for removing the product
from the grooved roll, and rotatable devices adapted to receive the discharged
product and shape it into the form of rolls, biscuit, pie crusts, and the like,
substantially as specified.
Dated this 10th day of November 1896.
JENSEN & SON,
77, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Patent Agents.