IMPROVE MENTS IN SPINNING OR TWISTING FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1861

page_text: North Britain, Manufacturer, and Charles Frederick Halle, of Manchester,
in the County of Lancaster, Merchant, for the Invention of "IMPROVE
MENTS IN SPINNING OR TWISTING FIBROUS MATERIALS."
Sealed the 28th June 1861, and dated the 5th January 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Watson and Charles
Frederick Halle at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 5th January 1861..
We, JOHN WATSON, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Manufacturer, and CHARLES FREDERICK HALLE, of Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING OR TWISTING FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as
follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to the arrangement and construction of mechanism
for spinning or twisting fibrous materials.
Under one modification of these improvements the framing of the spinning
frame is arranged in the ordinary way. At one extremity of the shaft of the
upper drawing rollers is a worm which gives motion to a spur wheel which is
fast to the upper end of a short vertical shaft. The collar and foot-step
bearings of this shaft are carried in the laterally projecting parts of a bracket
which is bolted to the end standard of the frame. On the lower part of the
shaft is a worm which gives motion to a spur wheel carried on a stud fixed in
an inwardly projecting part of the bracket. This stud also carries a change
pinion which drives a spur wheel which is carried on a stud fixed in the
inwardly projecting part of the bracket. The spur wheel is cast with an
[Price 8d.]

page_text: elongated boss, at the outer part of which is a heart wheel or cam, the rotatory
motion of which acts upon one or more levers, by means of which the copping
rail is caused to rise and fall with a differential speed so as to build up
or form the cops by winding the yarn in the ordinary conical figure on the
spindles. Instead of using a weight to produce the necessary degree of tension
or drag on the wharves or pulleys of the spindles this is effected by means of a
screw fitted in front of each spindle, and round it is passed the tensional cord
or string. More or less drag is produced by turning these screws and so
winding the cord upon them, or vice versa. In order to prevent the vibration
of the arms of the flyers, which vibration is caused by their rapid rotatory move-
ment, a metal ring is placed over the ends of the upwardly turned arms, which
addition effectually stops the vibratory movement.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Watson and Charles Frederic Halle, in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 5th July 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
WATSON, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Manufacturer,
and CHARLES FREDERIC HALLE, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Merchant, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fourth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said John Watson and Charles Frederick Hallc. Her special license that
we, the said John Watson and Charles Frederic Halle, our executors
administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said John Watson
and Charles Frederic Halle, our executors, administrators, or assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SPINNING OR TWISTING FIBROUS MATERIALS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that we, the said John Watson and Charles Frederic
Halle, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
our hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of them, should parti-
cularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what

page_text: manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said John Watson and Charles Frederic
Halle, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:-
Our said Invention relates to the arrangement and construction of
mechanism for spinning or twisting fibrous materials.
Under one modification of these improvements the framing of the spinning
frame is arranged in the ordinary way. At one extremity of the shaft of the
upper drawing rollers is a worm which gives motion to a spur wheel which is
fast to the upper end of a short vertical shaft. The collar and footstep
bearings of this shaft are carried in the laterally projecting parts of a bracket
which is bolted to the end standard of the frame. On the lower part of the
shaft is a worm which gives motion to a spur wheel carried on a stud fixed
in an inwardly projecting part of the bracket. This stud also carries a change
pinion which drives a spur wheel which is carried on a stud fixed in the
inwardly projecting part of the bracket. The spur wheel is cast with an
elongated boss, at the outer part of which is a heart wheel or cam, the rotatory
motion of which acts upon one or more levers, by means of which the copping
rail is caused to rise and fall with a differential speed so as to build up or form
the cops by winding the yarn in the ordinary conical figure on the spindles.
Instead of using a weight to produce the necessary degree of tension or drag
on the wharves or pulleys of the spindles, this is effected by means of a screw
fitted in front of each spindle, and round it is passed the tensional cord or string.
More or less drag is produced by turning these screws and so winding the
cord upon them or vice versa. In order to prevent the vibration of the arms
of the flyers, which vibration is caused by their rapid rotatory movement, a
metal ring is placed over the ends of the upwardly turned arms, which addition
effectually stops the vibratory movement.
And in order that our said Invention of improvements in machinery for
spinning or twisting fibrous materials may be properly understood, we shall
now proceed to describe the several Figures on the explanatory Sheet of
Drawings which we have hereunto appended for the purpose of showing
certain modifications under which our said improvements may be judiciously
carried out in practice, that is to say,
Figure
on the accompanying Sheet of Drawings is an end elevation of

page_text: such portions of a spinning frame as are sufficient to show the nature of our
improvements; Figure 2 is an elevation of a portion of the machine taken at
right angles to Figure 1. looking upon one of the longitudinal series of
spindles; Figure 3 is an elevation. partially in section, of one of the spindles
as arranged in the copping rail. The framing A of the spinning frame is of
the ordinary open pannelled kind. At each end of the frame in the centre of
the cross rail of the standards is arranged the pedestal bearings of the hori-
zontal shaft B. A pinion on this shaft, not shown in the Drawings, gives
motion to the wheel C, which is carried on a stud fixed in the end standard.
On the stud of the wheel C is a pinion shown in dotted lines, which gives
motion to the wheel D, and this wheel is in gear with the wheel E. On the
stud of the wheel E, and outside the end standard is a worm F, which gives
motion to the worm wheel G, fast to the vertical shaft H. The shaft H is
carried in a bracket piece that is bolted to the end standard A, and at the
lower part of the shaft is a worm I, the motion of which actuates the wheel J:
this wheel is carried on an adjustable stud fixed in a laterally projecting
bracket bolted to the bracket piece of the shaft H. The stud of the wheel J
carries a change pinion, which gears with the wheel K, the stud of which is
carried in the same bracket as that of the wheel J. The boss of the wheel K
is elongated, and a cam or snail 1 is formed thereon; an antifriction roller
M presses against the periphery of the cam. The roller M runs on a "stud
fitted in the upper end of the rocking lever N, which is carried in a short
vertical standard fixed in the flooring. To the stud at the upper extremity of
the lever N is connected the adjustable link O, the other extremity of which
is attached to the lever P, that is fast to a transverse shaft Q carried in
brackets pendent from the lower longitudinal rails of the framing. The
shaft Q is connected by means of duplex levers R with a second shaft S,
which rests upon the duplex arms, and is arranged parallel with the first
shaft so as to move up and down in the slotted brackets which form the guides
for the shaft S. Two arms T and T are formed on the shaft S near its
extremities projecting in opposite directions; these arms are attached to the
vertical rods U and U', one of which is fast to the copping rail V. on one side
of the machine, and the other is connected in a corresponding manner to the
rail on the other side. The shaft S has also fast to it a vertical lever W,
which is connected by the link X to the lever Y; this lever is fast to the
shaft Z. The latter shaft is connected by the arm a with the rod b, the upper
end of which is fitted with an antifriction roller that rests on the periphery of
the cam which forms a part of the heart wheel c. Upon commencing to fill
the series of pirns in the frame, the antifriction roller M is resting against the

page_text: point or extremity of the cam L, and as it slowly rotates. its curvature is so
arranged that it forms the rounded portion at the lower part of the cop. The
rotatory movement of the cam causes the rocking lever N to move in a lateral
direction towards the end standard, the roller M being kept up to the periphery
of the cam by means of a counterweight hung to an arm projecting laterally
from the shaft S. The continued rotatory movement of the cam L, and the
lateral motion of the lever N. by its connection with the shaft S. causes the
copping rail V on each side of the machine to descend gradually. and when
the shaft S has reached its lowest position the formation of the cops is
completed. Thus during the filling of the cops the roller M moves over the
surface of the cam I, until it reaches the hollow or inwardly curved portion of the
cam at which point the cops are formed, and the further rotation of the cam is
stopped. At the next filling the cam is shifted round a little, either by hand or
mechanical means, to bring the roller again in proper contact with the point
of the cam. Simultaneously with the regular downward movement of the
copping rails produced by the cam L the cop is built up in the conical form
by the heart motion c in the ordinary manner. The spindles d are arranged
in the usual way in the copping rail V, as are also the flyers f. which are driven
by endless bands passing round the wharves e. and the cylinder or drum on the
first-motion shaft B. During the uniform descent of the copping rails the
heart wheel c, which is driven by a worm on the stud of the wheel E, is con-
tinually causing the spindles to rise and fall through the connection of the
rails V with the rod b and the shaft S. Thus as the heart wheel continually
builds up the cop in a conical figure caused by its rapid reciprocatory move-
ment, the required diameter of the cop is obtained by the gradual descent of
the spindles through the medium of the cam L. In this way by altering the
curve of the periphery of the cam L, a corresponding difference will be made
in the winding on of the yarn. and the shape of the cop will be altered in pro-
portion. During the rapid rotatory movement of the spindles d and injurious
vibratory movement of the legs of the flyers takes place. To avoid this
motion we solder or otherwise fix a ring g to the upwardly turned legs of the
flyer, which effectually prevents the tremulous motion without in any way
impairing its efficiency in other respects.
Another improvement consists in making the lower extremity of the spindle
of larger diameter than the part immediately above it, as shown in Figure 3 on
the accompanying Drawings. This arrangement admits of their being fitted
much more securely in the footstep bearings by the retaining plates or holders,
and prevents their being withdrawn by the removal of the cops. The tension
or drag on each spindle is regulated by the string which passes round the

page_text: wharve h, and has attached to it the weight i. the string being passed through
a notch made in the front plate ). With this arrangement the tension on the
wharve would be uniform; and in order to make it differential, the copping
rails are caused to move slightly in a lateral direction at each descent caused
by the heart motion. This movement is caused by the rail coming in contact
with a small inclined plane fitted to the inner face of the end standard. which
gives it the required motion, and being independent of the plates j. it causes
the strings to be drawn a little aside, and the drag is consequently increased
on the wharves h when winding on the smaller diameter of the cop. In this
way the yarn is wound uniformly on the pirn, and the cop is formed perfectly
regular throughout.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of our said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, we would observe in conclusion, that what we consider novel and
original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to us by the herein-
before in part recited Leifers Patent is.
First, the general arrangement, construction. and combination of the parts
forming the cam motion for imparting a reciprocatory movement or vertical
traverse to the spindles of spinning machinery, as herein-before described
and shown in the accompanying Drawings.
Second, the system or mode of preventing the vibratory movement of the
legs of flyers used in machinery for spinning, arranged according to these
improvements by means of a ring attached thereto, as herein-before described
and shown in the accompanying Drawings.
Third, the system or mode of constructing the spindles of machinery for
preparing fibrous materials with a shoulder or enlargement at the lower part,
and of increasing the tension or drag on the spindles at regular intervals by
means of a lateral movement, as herein-before described and shown in the
accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, we, the said John Watson and Charles Frederick
Halle have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Second day of
July, One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
HN WATSON. (L.S.)
C. F. HALLE.
(L..S.)