IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO THE GENERATION STORAGE REGULATION DISTRIBUTION AND UTILIZATION OF ELECTRICITY AND APPARATUS OR MEANS THEREFOR AND IN METHODS OR MEANS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SUCH APPARATUS OR PARTS THEREOF
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Stokes Williams of Riverton New Jersey United
States of America for an Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO
THE GENERATION STORAGE REGULATION DISTRIBUTION AND UTILIZATION OF
ELECTRICITY AND APPARATUS OR MEANS THEREFOR AND IN METHODS OR
MEANS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SUCH APPARATUS OR
PARTS THEREOF
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Stokes Williams at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th April 1883.
JOSEPH STOKES WILLIAMS of Riverton, New Jersey, United States of America.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO THE GENERATION STORAGE REGULATION
DISTRIBUTION AND UTILIZATION
ELECTRICITY AND APPARATUS OR
OF
MEANS
THEREFOR AND IN METHODS OR MEANS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE CONSTRUCTION
OF SUCH APPARATUS OR PARTS THEREOF."
My invention consists in improvements in and relating to the generation storage
distribution regulation measurement and utilization of electricity and apparatus or
means therefor and in methods or means to be employed in the construction of such
apparatus or parts thereof.
I provide for distributing regulating transmitting and utilizing an electric current
or currents from circuits of high potential or vice versa or of varying potential so
as to provide for the utilization of any means of production and with high or low
potential adapted to operate in the main circuits and derived circuits of an
electrical apparatus or system of distribution for the operation of railways tramways
the propulsion of vessels for light heat motive power, traction purposes extraction
of metals electrically or otherwise or to provide for the conservation of power in
the form of electric energy for such or other uses or applications.
In my former Letters Patent I have provided for decreasing the amount of metal
employed in the main electric circuit or circuits by the accumulation of power at

page_text: fixed points or places through an electrical system of distribution and have also
provided for further reducing the cost of an electrical system by providing for
transmitting currents of high potential through the main conductors or circuits and
reducing and regulating the force of the currents in the translating or discharging
circuits or to vary the pressure tension or electro motive force of a current or
currents as desired for any or all purposes for instance through the medium of
incandescent lamps are lamps electric motors electric heaters of low resistance in
the derived circuits in which the devices for translating electric energy are coupled
in parallel circuit either in parallel series or multiple arc or in series in such circuits
or with translating devices either for utilizing continuous or alternating or
continuous currents of high internal resistance placed in derived circuits or loops of
the main circuit in series or in derived parallel circuits with or without devices or
means for accumulating or storing energy in the derived circuits distant from the
generating station or principle reserve with devices or means for regulating or
varying electric potential in the derived circuits or in both the main and derived
circuits by such means I am enabled to utilize electric energy with greater safety
and for any purpose or application. By such methods of working it is not only
possible but practicable to utilize any power however distant and transmit through
the electrical circuit the energy or power converted with any speed pressure or
tension thereby utilizing the capital expenditure to the best advantage and
rendering it more economical to convey to cities along the railway lines or else-
where the energy convertable from coal natural forces or otherwise through electrical
circuits than otherwise possible.
In carrying my invention into practice I have provided various devices for
regulating or varying the electric potential and making the discharging circuits
independent of the main circuits and for making the utilization of electric energy
throughout the system or on portable parts of the system for the operation of
railways tramways or along railway lines or over or from fixed electrical circuits
or places independent of the main electrical circuit or circuits or the generation or
both generation and storage for a given time and my improvements are designed
especially to be used in such a system or with such a method of working or means
employed therein or therefor. At the different houses works buildings stations or
places along a railway or throughout a city district or elsewhere the translating
discharging or working circuits independent or otherwise are connected with the
main circuit through a branch or sub branch in series loop derived or multiple arc
multiple series circuit or any combination of such circuits with insulated or
partially insulated circuits with returns by earth or the reverse or any combination
of such circuits.
In order to obviate loss or waste of energy I employ cut offs automatically or
otherwise operated to make and break the charging circuit or both the charging
and discharging circuit in such a manner consecutively alternately or simultaneously
or otherwise as to provide for maintaining a supply of energy in the working
translating or discharging circuit or circuits the conservation or accumulation of
energy and the force of the current or currents in such circuit or circuits being
regulated varied or suited to the translating device or devices in operation therein
(in series parallel circuit or otherwise) or the conservation or discharge of energy
in or from such circuits with or without varying the pressure or electric potential
in the main conductor conductors or charging or discharging circuits. In order to
provide for such a result the derived loop or other circuits extending from the
main discharging circuit to the supply the translating working or discharging
circuit or circuits (with or without accumulators electric magazines induction or
such like conserving or storing devices) are of such proportions carrying capacity
or conductivity as to provide for sub dividing the current as required in the
various branches or to the various circuits or groups of devices adapted to operate
in independent circuits through the medium of accumulating conserving or storing
devices or otherwise-That is to say the conductivity of the branch is in accordance
with the maximum units of electric energy required in the circuit during a period

page_text: a certain time or at any given time and the conductivity of this branch may be
decreased in accordance with the conservation of energy in such circuit and such
circuit can be of a fixed conductivity or a variable one dependent upon the
conservation accumulation or utilization of energy in such circuit and dependent
upon the pressure or electric potential in the main which as before stated may be
variable and with great variation or dependent upon the units of energy desired
to be transmitted through the circuit for instance if the ordinary working pressure
should be 10,000 volts through an electric circuit conveying at such pressure
1000 horse power of energy into the translating or discharging circuits (with or
without accumulating or converting devices adapted to make the trauslating
working or discharging circuits independent of the main circuit or circuits for a given
time or intermittently alternatively or consecutively automatically or otherwise)
by the employment of devices or means in the discharging circuits for varying the
conductivity in such circuits it is practicable with the main circuit or circuits
being suitably insulated partially or entirely to increase the units of energy
transmitted through the main electrical circuit or circuits to any extent to which
the insulation will permit (I therefore construct my electrical conductors insulated
or partially insulated, with return by earth the reverse or by an insulated circuit
with the derived loop or branch circuit in multiple arc multiple series or series or
any combination of such circuits and provide the necessary maximum insulation
upon such main circuit or circuits and the branch or derived cir- circuit through which
the high tension current or currents are transmitted or designed to be transmitted).
The derived circuit circuits or branches each consist of a single or multiple conductor
or a combination of them.
A single conductor or a multiple of conductors of varied or uniform conductivity
represents the conductivity in such portion of the circuit so as to provide for
conveying and limiting the units of energy diverted from the main circuit at each
branch or derived circuit or feeder and in order to provide for reducing regulating
or varying the forces in the discharging or working circuits irrespective of the
force or dependent upon the force tension or electric potential in the main circuit
and dependent upon the number of lamps heaters motors or other translating devices
in or out of operation and with or without other converting accumulating storing
or regulating devices such as accumulating induction electro chemical' gas batteries
or magazines or any combination of them with switching or commutating deviceś
combined with electro magnetic devices adapted to provide for the transformation
of alternating into continuous currents or vice versa or to provide for the distributing
continuous or alternating currents as may be desired.
The multiple arc multiple series series or any combination of such working or
discharging circuits for translating electric currents into light heat motive power
or any purpose with or without conserving or accumulating devices are connected
with the main electrical circuit of multiple arc inultiple series or series with or
without utilizing the earth or a partially uninsulated circuit as a portion of such
or one or more of the circuits through the medium of a conductor or a series of
them or the equivalent thereof so as to provide for conducting the currents into
the working or translating circuits and for varying or stopping the supply
dependent upon the consumption in the circuits at different houses works traus-
lating devices or groups of then or working circuits. The construction and
arrangement of such supply portion of the circuit is such as to provide for varying
the current passing and the potential in such circuit or circuits by decreasing the
carrying capacity or conductivity of such portion of the circuit or circuits auto-
matically dependent upon the conservation accumulation or consumption of energy
in such circuit or circuits, it is necessary as is well known to limit or vary the
supply in such circuits and this may be regulated by resistances adapted to operate
in the circuits either by the translating devices themselves or through the medium
of accumulating or storing devices so that the discharging or working circuits in
one case are controlled by the resistance in such circuits dependent upon the
resistance in the derived or loop circuits therefrom in which the translating devices

page_text: are adapted to operate (with or without accumulating storing condensing induction
devices employed therein as converters or regulators of potential)
In practising my invention for regulating the force of the current in the
discharging or working circuits and varying the force in the discharging or
working circuits I employ the improvements described in my former applications. 5
I provide for converting the tension of the current by the employment of con-
ductors provided with increasing or decreasing sections with a minimum of
conductivity in the circuit between the translating devices and the main charging
circuit. The conductivity of such portion of the circuit provides for conveying
the necessary supply of energy into the translating or working circuit or to the 1
accumulating or converting devices and for limiting such supply providing a
uniform tension of current is transmitted through the main charging circuit
irrespective of the difference of the electric potential between the main or the
working or discharging circuits.
In my former Patents I provided for increasing the conductivity of the dis-
charging and working circuits or in other words decreasing the resistance and
making the discharging or working circuits practically independent of the main
charging circuits and in my application for Patent N° 24. I have provided for
varying the conductivity in the derived loop or branch circuits with or without
the employment of devices for accumulating or storing energy in the discharging
or working circuits.
In order to effectually accomplish these results I sometimes provide a series of
conductors or branches each of which or one of which represents a fraction or the
minimum consumption of energy in such translating circuits or the maximum
consumption possible through one of such of the translating devices in such circuits
employed or designed to be employed in the translating or working circuit or
circuits. The conductivity of the derived branch or loop circuit from the main
circuit to the series of branches or sections of such circuit is such as to provide for
conducting the maximum supply of current into the translating circuit or circuits
when all the translating devices in such circuit or circuits shall be in operation pro-
viding the force of the current or the electric potential in the main circuit shall not
be below some pre-determined standard which is preferably of high potential and
thereby reduce the sectional area or weight of metal employed in the length of the
main electrical circuit. In the circuit extending from the branches or sections of
decreased section I employ a metallic conductor which is increased in conductivity in
proportion as I wish to reduce the force of the current. One of such conductors may
be led to each translating or other device for utilizing or conserving or accumu-
lating electric energy or a single multiple arc parallel circuit or a series of circuits
may be employed from which derived or loop circuits are carried in which the
translating conserving or accumulating devices are adapted to operate.
Where independent circuits are employed leading from and adapted to operate
in conjunction with the first named branches or sections by making the carrying
capacity of the section of the conductor of a conductivity suited to supply the current
necessary for each translating device or other apparatus the resistance in the circuit
will be regulated through the medium of the device adapted to operate in such
circuit as the section or conductivity of the regulating portion of the circuit (less
than the conductivity or resistance of the translating portion of the circuit or less
than the conductivity of the electric lamp arc incandescent electric motor heater
accumulating or other device for translating conserving accumulating or utilizing
the energy) is decreased in proportion as the force of the current in the main
charging circuit is to be reduced in the discharging circuit but I prefer to employ a
circuit making device which is combined with electro magnetic or other means so
as to be operated automatically or by hand and to be adjustable for the purpose
intended. This circuit making device may consist of a conical plunger spherical
or equivalent device of conducting or non-conducting material or of both conducting
series of
and non-conducting material and of a single conductor or of a
'conductors the series of conductors being insulated from each other so as to form

page_text: branches terminating in the discharging or working circuit with or without each
section being adapted to exert its proportion of force upon a magnet or solenoid.
or an electro magnetic or electric translating device which is combined with the.
circuit maker with or without devices or means in such circuit for accumulating
conserving or storing electric energy. Instead of forming the branches or series
of conductors upon or in the movable piece insulated from each other they may,
terminate in proximity to the plunger or circuit making device or be adapted to be
placed in the electrical circuit consecutively through the medium of such device
dependent upon the number of translating or conserving devices or the consumption
or utilization of energy in the working circuit. I sometimes employ a series of
these devices mounted upon a rocking beam or shaft so as to constitute a compound
circuit maker electrically or otherwise operative for reversing the current through
an electrical circuit or for cutting and accumulating or converting device out of the
charging circuit or for regulating the electric potential in the circuits of the same
or varying potential with or without the medium of a weight or spring for main-
taining a set variation or regulation. The device may be coupled in a derived
multiple arc multiple series or series circuit and with or without being combined
measured and recording devices and with or without being controlled by magnetic
devices or devices of simple or compound form adapted to operate or be controlled
through the medium of independent circuit or circuits provided with a simple or
compound circuit maker at a distant point or station or a signalmans Cabin with or
without being combined with a centrallized system of circuit makers through the
medium of interlocking mechanism. Each of the branches or sections of the
conductors of reduced or minimum conductivity may represent the amount of
energy necessary for a single translating device say one incandescent lamp or the
smallest possible fraction to be consumed through the medium of any one of the
translating or utilizing devices.
In constructing this circuit making and regulating device I sometimes arrange
these branches or sectional conductors insulated from each other consisting of very
fine wire strips of metal or foil and arrange them in pyro-insulating material separate
from each other with points projecting one above the other in spiral or other forms
so that one conductor after another can be placed in circuit either as the stationary
or movable portion of the circuit. In constructing such devices or portions of the
circuit in multiple. I sometimes provide for depositing electrically the conductors
upon sheets of insulating material say asbestos and support them one above the
other or deposit or mould or fuse them in recesses dovetailed or otherwise.
The conical spherical circular pyramidal or other suitably formed plunger
rotating or circuit making device is adapted to fit closely in a case or box of
insulating material through which the conductor or conductors extend the
insulating material and conductors being enclosed within a suitable metallic box or
casing with means for attachment to the main electrical circuit by screw coupling
or otherwise either directly or to the branch extending therefrom The circuit
making device is arranged so as to be supported in bearings or guides with
an axle. or extension for connection with the core of a solenoid, electric motor,
pressure valve float or other device which is adapted to be operated through
the medium action or work done by the electric current passing through the
translating or discharging circuit or to or from the conserving or accumulating.
device or through the medium of partly or entirely the action of an electric meter
electro magnetic with or without compressing or pumping devices valves or floats
gas meters thermo electric meters or thermo electric regulators or any combination
of such devices in the circuit or derived circuit or both adapted to operate in the
discharging or working circuit or a portion of the current through the medium of
a derived circuit therefrom.
:
In order to obviate firing or to ensure good contact I employ a liquid, metallic or
otherwise, in the circuit making or regulating box or circuit. I sometimes employ
mercury or other metallic liquid conductor and cover the same with an insulating
liquid for instance paraffin glycerine water or the like. Or I sometimes provide

page_text: for regulating the conductivity through the medium of a liquid between the metal
conductors other than metallic. In the normal position of the circuit maker it is
only possible for a minimum amount of current to pass but as each translating or
other consuming or utilizing device is placed in the circuit through the medium of
their independent controlling devices one or more branches are thrown into the
circuit through the medium of the switching device displacing the mercury or
other liquid in proportion to the current passing by which the device adapted to
provide for the movement of the circuit making device is controlled through the
medium of a solenoid or other device which can be connected in multiple arc
multiple series or otherwise in a derived circuit from the discharging or working
circuit or with the main derived circuit (or both) and with or without accumulating
or independent converting device or devices adapted to provide for making the
discharging circuits independent of the main circuit through the medium of
switching or commutating devices operative through the medium of electro
magnetic thermo electric compressing pumping or other suitable devices or com-
bination of them adapted to measure or represent with or without recording
devices the consumption conservation accumulation or utilization of electric energy
in the discharging or working circuit.
In some cases I arrange these devices in combination with the devices or means
for representing the current or portion of a current passing through the discharging
or working circuit or the main derived circuit so that the circuit maker is
maintained in the desired position partly or entirely through the medium of the
devices or means combined with the meter or adapted to provide for the measuring
of current. For this purpose I sometimes employ a pressure valve float or
mercurial column and a plunger or displacer which is mounted in guides or
supports or upon a rocking beam or shaft which is provided with rockers or
excentrics and with or without locking or engaging faces and with or without a
spring or weight so that the pressure of air or gas or the height or column of
liquid or the expansion or contraction of the device for providing for the measure-
ment of the current will permit of or cause the movement of the circuit making
device either by making or breaking the circuit in the derived charging circuit or
otherwise For instance within this tube I employ a liquid which extends to the
two ends thereof the tube being so formed or provided with reservoirs or chambers
at each end that a column of liquid metallic or otherwise may be supported at
equal heights or different heights at each end and I provide a float or governor
which has combined with it a circuit maker plunger or displacer which is adapted
to fit into a suitable chamber insulated the plunger being composed of insulating
or conducting material so as to provide for the completion or interruption of the
derived circuit (for high or low tension currents) with or without the employment
of a good liquid conductor metallic or otherwise insulating or bad conductor or a
combination of them. I sometimes employ these combinations or a liquid of low
conductivity or insulating for the purpose of-obviating firing or to more efficiently
control and operate with high tension currents the derived circuit in such cases
terminates either as a single conductor or a series of branches which terminate in
points through insulation being preferably silicate or other suitable material
moulded to the desired form. Or I sometimes unite or form these ends or parts
of a thin film or part formed by moulding or deposition sometimes consisting of
platinum copper nickel silver or an alloy and I preferably employ a conical semi
spherical pyramidical or wedge shaped displacer or plunger composed of insulating
or conducting material. When insulating material is employed the liquid con-
ductor will provide for the completion or interruption of the electric circuit
dependent upon the height.. Or in some cases I complete the circuit through the
movable piece or plunger.
This circuit maker is supported in suitable guides so as to provide for a verticle
or rocking movement and is combined with the coupling box of the derived circuit.
The movable piece or circuit making devices are somewhat similar to those already
described for regulating or varying the electric potential or supply of energy into

page_text: the translating or working circuit and are adapted for use for regulating or
governing the supply or consumption of energy or the electric potential or supply
of the current or to provide for consecutively or alternately charging accumulating
conserving or converting devices or as commutating or switching devices or cut offs
for conserving or accumulating devices electric motors generators or other purposes.
And I sometimes employ for this last named purpose a series of such devices either
with vibrating oscillating or endwise moving pieces or rotating shafts or a com-
bination of them as commutators or switching devices for the above named purposes
or for the purpose of varying the conductivity or internal resistance in the
discharging or working circuit or for varying the internal resistance of a developing
storing converting or regulating source or device with or without varying the
resistance of the external circuit or the devices in such circuit or the devices
adapted to be combined in such circuit in parallel circuit or series through the
medium of a centralized system of conductors extending to the grouping box.
This device is applicable in the equipment of electric engines or other vehicles
for traction purposes or for elevators hoists or other portable objects adapted to
be operated over fixed or determined circuits or from fixed or determined points
or places and I sometimes combine with such system of circuit making conductors
a special circuit maker or key or a series of them (interlocked in the combination
automatically or otherwise dependent upon the position of some other circuit
maker) which provides for the completion of an electric circuit between some
part of the accumulating or storing devices forming some part of the electrical
equipment of a wagon vehicle or train or the motors for propelling the same or
other portable objects with the fixed portion of the electric circuit with or without
accumulating conserving and converting or regulating devices in one or more of
the circuits of the stationary part or parts of the system
In some cases in the construction of the circuit making or regulating devices for
varying the conductivity in an electric circuit I stamp or mould the movable
portion into the form of a cone pyramid wedge shape or the like of very thin
sheets or films of metal say platinum iron nickel copper or a highly refractory
metal or alloy of metal so as to provide a minimum conductivity in any given
section. Or I provide a form of insulating material and coat such insulating
material with some other material carbonaceous or otherwise mechanically or in
any preferred manner and subsequently deposit electrically or otherwise the metal
or alloy for instance platinum nickel iron copper or a metallic alloy and thereby
provide means for the employment of a uniform increase or decrease of con-
ductivity in the electric circuit dependent upon the position or relation of such
device in an electric circuit in which a liquid of low or good conductivity or a
combination of them is employed as before described.
When such device is suitably connected with an electro magnetic device say the
core of a solenoid whose armature is suitably wound and adapted to be energized
by the current passing through a circuit or a discharging or working circuit as
before described with reference to the regulating devices the cone will be raised or
lowered and thereby provide for the displacement of the liquid dependent upon
the consumption of energy or the number of translating devices in the circuit and
thereby regulate the surface of conducting material upon the cone in contact with
the liquid metallic or otherwise or both and consequently vary the conductivity of
such circuit in accordance therewith. When the liquid is at the lowest point and
the point of the cone is in the insulated liquid or merely touches the metallic
circuit the conductivity of the circuit is preferably normal when used as a regu-
lating device in the derived circuit from the main but when used as a circuit
controller for regulating the speed of machinery or an electric motor or for the
development of an electric current I sometimes work under reverse conditions that
is to say the cone or movable piece and the liquid portion of the circuit in the
normal condition represents the maximum conductivity and as the speed of the
motor or shaft increases or reaches some predetermined maximum the mechanical.
or electric governor combined with the shaft or axle of a motor or the shaft or axle

page_text: of a steam gas or compressed air engine water or windmill provides for decreasing
the conductivity in the generative portion of the electric machine by varying the
height of the column of liquid and such circuit making device may be connected
or combined with the steam or air or gas supply for steam engines gas or com-
pressed air engines or with the gas or liquid fuel supply or the damper for the
supply of air for the firing of boilers or furnaces or thermo electric generators or
the governor of a wind mill or the water supply to a turbine or with electric
circuits secondary or subsidiary accumulating devices mechanically or electrically
or both.
In some cases I employ such device as an automatic cut off in the electric circuit
between the generator and an accumulating conserving or storing magazine or
converter but in such cases the normal position may be a minimum of conductivity
or with high resistance in the electric circuit from the source and I employ a
counter weight or spring to provide for such result, and lead the main circuit or
a portion thereof so as to provide for operating the circuit making device when
a current of sufficient force shall be developed. Or by the employment of a
mechanical governor or other means whose position is dependent upon the speed
of the shaft.
I sometimes employ a second device of this kind in the electric circuit working
under reverse conditions with a branch or loop in which the electro magnetic or
electric translating portion of the device is placed so that in case there should be
any backward flow of the current towards the generator or transmitting source
the column of liquid will be lowered and the conductivity of the circuit reduced
to a minimum or interrupted. By the employment of circuit making devices with
a multiple of conductors in the main electrical circuit or adapted to operate in the
developing portion of the circuit or at the source with or without accumulating or
storing devices and by combining such switching and circuit making devices with
the cut offs to the steam or gas engine (operated by belting or mounted directly on
the shafts of the prime motor) or the cut offs dampers or valves to the combustion
chambers or the gas or fuel supply pipes thereto for firing and with or without
combining such switching devices with recording and measuring or automatic cut
off devices which indicate or stop the conservation or accumulation of electric
energy I am enabled to provide for regulating or varying the generation or
development of the current or to maintain a uniform pressure or supply through
the electrical circuit and regulate or vary the conductivity of the electrical circuit
either at the generators or elsewhere or throughout the electrical system dependent
upon the height and conductivity of the electric circuit which is regulated varied
and completed through the medium of a liquid either as conducting or insulating
or a combination of them. I employ this method of constructing and operating
my electric cut offs circuit making commutating and regulating devices operative
electro magnetically by pressure by expansion compression pumping heat and time
mechanism or any combination of such means for cutting out or putting portions or
parts of the electrical circuit or circuits with or without accumulating or converting
devices in the circuit in portable system or stationary or any combination of them
or for regulating the charging or discharging of the accumulating storing or trans-
forming devices or separating automatically or otherwise the stationary and portable
electric systems for instance in the equipment of an engine vehicle train elevator
vessel or the like it is important to make good electrical contact and to prevent
firing it is also necessary to prevent the backward flow of the current and it is
also desirable to provide for varying the conductivity of the electric circuits of the
motors convertors electric magazines according to the work required to be done or
to vary the conductivity of the electric circuits to or from or the internal resistance
of the convertors or magazines or any combination of them according to the
resistance in the discharging circuits for supplying the energy into the electric
circuits (of the train or other portable system) with one or more motors or such
circuits in parallel circuit or series according to the position of a compound circuit
and circuit making device or devices forming part of the equipment of or in

page_text: connection with the portable system train engine elevator hoist traction cable or
the like with or without devices or means upon such portable objects or a series
of them for holding a reserve of power in the electric circuits for the development
of an electric current in the discharging circuit or circuits therefrom.
In the equipment of an engine train or the like I prefer to employ devices or.
means to provide a reserve upon one or more or each vehicle which is equipped
with electrical connections and I automatically employ devices between each vehicle
these coupling devices I preferably make through the medium of a coupling box
into which the meeting end of the conductor of each vehicle extend preferably
from the upper portion through or between an insulating collar or support into a
chamber adapted to receive the liquid as herein before described the box or casing
formed of metal is adapted to form a permanent attachment bolted clamped or
otherwise secured to framing this box is provided with an aperture at its upper
part and a spring clutch with a sliding piece or part combined there with which is
adapted to cover the aperture with or without an elastic packing. I provide each
vehicle with these attachments into which a single conductor or multiple arc or
parallel circuit extend and I provide coupling pieces at each end of a flexible
conductor or a series insulated from each other and covered with insulation the
end pieces are of wedge shape or other suitable form and provided with suitable
recesses into which the spring lock or clutch fits or engages with so as to tend to
force the part into proper contact or into the liquid contact in the box and lock
the same in position the part extending into the box and liquid is preferably at an
angle say a right angle to the axial line of the flexible conductor or electrical
circuit. The conductor or conductors extend through the length of the vehicle
and in suitable portions of this circuit either in parallel circuit or series or series
in parallel circuit. I place electric magazines batteries or accumulating devices in
groups of two or more I employ automatic switching devices when I employ
electro chemical batteries for alternatively or consecutively charging the same so.
that one part may be discharging into the working or translating circuit in which
electric lamps incandescent semi incandescent or otherwise electric heaters electro
magnetic devices connected or combined with the brake blocks electric motors
connected or combined with the axles of the wheels directly or through frictional
or chain gearing or any or all of such devices independent multiple series or
parallel circuits or series or a combination of such circuits in which switching
devices are adapted to provide for turning on or off the current to or from the
translating circuits so as to control a group or series of lamps heaters brake blocks
or motors as may be desired from some place or point on the vehicle and also
independent circuit makers for each translating device such as lamps or heaters
and automatic regulators preferably such as is herein provided for regulating the
discharge in the light and heater circuits dependent upon the consumption
for instance the multiple of circuits or the device connected with a core of a
Bolenoid
It will be understood that as many vehicles as desired may be placed in the
electrical circuit with the source or store or both and the current may be regulated
as desired with or without reducing the tension from the force in the main circuits
before passing to the electrical conductors along the line or upon the vehicles or I
may charge a series of accumulating devices upon each vehicle by placing them in
multiple arc parallel circuit or series through the medium of an insulated circuit
or partially insulated with return by earth or the reverse and I may employ &
main charging circuit with the devices for accumulating or storing energy upon a
series of vehicles with or without including the engine or electric magazines thereon
and such charging circuit can be under the control of the engine driver through
the medium of a circuit maker upon a switch board arranged among a centralized
system of switches or circuits the main connections if not all of same I preferably
operate through the medium of a liquid or liquids as set forth herein. This system
of circuits in some cases consists of sliding bars or rocking shafts having a system
of plungers or keys with or without interlocking or crossing each other one or

page_text: more of which may be combined with an electric circuit through the medium of a
speed regulator or governor and in some cases I connect or combine the circuits to
the motors through the medium of a circuit maker or regulator (and preferably
through the medium of a liquid or a combination of them as before described)
adapted to operate in the electrical circuit with the motors in series or parallel
circuit or with circuits consisting of a multiple of branches or terminating at the
circuit maker or in the same or the equivalent thereof so as to provide for varying
the conductivity of the circuit or series of circuits and so as to provide for
interrupting the circuit to the motors or reversing the circuit with the motors
coupled in parallel circuit or series and I sometimes provide upon this circuit maker
or upon an independent one connected or combined or interlocked together so that
the motors can be transformed into generating machines when impeding the motion
of the vehicles or trains for this purpose preferably provide for throwing the
elements for developing the current into a series of circuits or in other words
increase the internal resistance of the generator and short circuit or increase the
conductivity in such circuit or a derived circuit therefrom or from the circuit from
the battery or main charging circuit in series or parallel circuit or by short circuiting
or reversing the polarity through the medium of a compound circuit and series of
plungers and compound or independent circuit making devices or coupled in
quantity the elements of the machine with or without placing the field 'magnets
operating in the developing circuit through the medium of a multiple of circuits
or branches for the developing circuit for short circuiting the magazines and placing
them in the developing circuit from the machines.
I also employ an automatic cut off in such developing circuit so as to prevent
the backward flow of the circuit from the magazines when the force of the current
from the generative portions of the circuit shall fall below a predetermined point
or be less than that of battery or magazine in order to accomplish this in some
cases I employ a derived circuit connected with the developing circuit in which is
included the coil or coils of a magnet or solenoid whose armature carries a circuit
maker adapted to operate through the medium of a liquid or a combination of
them as before described the normal position of the circuit is broken through the
medium of a spring or weight this circuit making device is preferably of a com-
pound form so as to complete the main circuit and throw the coil into such main
circuit so long as the current passes to the battery but in case the current is
interrupted or reversed the polarity of the armature is reversed and the spring or
weight causes the plunger to return to its normal position. This device is
applicable for either uses or circuits in charging magazines or batteries in derived
or loop circuit of parallel or series circuit in a system of electrical distribution and
can be compounded to any extent so as to provide for charging magazines batteries
accumulators or induction devices or regulators of tension and by the employment
of any automatic cut off and meter device to interrupt such circuit through the
magnet when the magazines or batteries become charged there need be no loss of
energy by the current passing through the circuit unnecessarily. I prefer to
employ a permanent magnet for the core or armature having a polarity reverse to
the active pole of the magnet and round the magnets according. In the equipment
of the vehicles or electrical circuits with motors. I preferably employ machines
whose elements are arranged and adapted to operate in conjunction with each
other in such a manner as to obviate the reversal of the current one or more times
each revolution to in other words obviate the use of commutators as herein more
fully described. In order to provide for changing the circuits or controling the
direction of the current in the developing circuit when operating as generators for
impeding the motion of a train or for charging accumulators for light heat or
other purposes upon the train I employ a compound circuit and circuit maker
whose normal position (with train standing or with the developing circuit
inoperative or of less force than that from the accumulator) provides for separating
the generator from the accumulating devices or magazines and the construction
and arrangement of the circuits and cut off devices are such that as to govern the

page_text: direction of the current to the accumulators dependent upon the direction the
vehicle is moving for instance by the employment of a compound solenoid or
magnet or an electric motor whose normal position is governed by a spring or
weight the relative position of the circuits will be governed dependent upon the
direction of the current transmitted through the elements and by the employment
of stops the position will be maintained so long as the current is flowing in one
direction and is of sufficient force to operate the device against the spring or
weight or I sometimes combine these with a locking armature of compound con-
struction or clutch arrangement electro-magnetically operative from a derived
circuit in parallel circuit or otherwise so as to maintain the circuit with less
expenditure of energy this circuit making device is arranged so that it will be
operated to either branch dependent upon the direction the vehicle is moving and
by the employment of machines with or without commutators I readily provide
for operating in the charging circuit of the battery in the proper direction the
various combinations of cut offs and regulating devices being employed as herein
provided for in some cases I provide for controlling these circuits from the driving
or guard department through the medium of an independent circuit of the system
by the current can be transmitted to the electro magnetic devices adapted to
control the direction of the current and through the medium of the compound
automatic cut offs as before described I am enabled to decrease the power expended
in maintaining and regulating the circuits by locking or holding the device electro
magnetically through the medium of an armature with engaging faces adapted to
fit into or with corresponding parts so as to lock the same against the force of
the weight or spring and automatically break the circuit to the prime electro-
magnetic device which caused the adjustment of the circuits
I am enabled under such method of working to avoid any unnecessary waste or
expenditure of energy I employ independent circuits or derived circuits for my
electric heaters and I employ automatic cut offs adapted to complete or interrupt
the electrical circuit through the medium of a liquid as herein provided for and I
combine with such circuit making devices thermo regulating devices adapted to
regulate the consumption of energy Such independent circuit is provided with
electro magnetic devices counterweighted or the equivalent thereof so that the
normal position is a closed circuit or the reverse or the circuit maker can be
adapted to operate with a counterweight which is combined with a compound
translating device say solenoids or electric motors for instance a disc motor or a
motor having its element or elements adapted to operate in conjunction with one
or more poles of permanent or electro magnets so as to operate without a
commutator. I provide a compound circuit maker and circuits in such case at the
operative point so as to provide for reversing the current through such circuits and
I sometimes employ a dash pot or liquid to steady the action or position of the
piston plunger or moving part of the regulator such device being especially
applicable (on trains or moving objects) or I sometimes obviate the use of
regulating devices by the resistance of the translating devices which are connected
in parallel circuit, circuit making devices may be in each compartment and also
controllable through the medium of an independent circuit extending to the driving
or guard department of the train or both such departments. The circuit will be
controlled by the employment of a return circuit or derived circuit therefrom in
which the solenoids or electric devices are arranged and adapted to operate against
the force of an adjustable spring or weight which is adapted to operate for a
minimum or maximum conductivity in the circuit as arranged preferably through
the medium of a multiple of conductors or a plunger or conical piece and liquid as
described in accordance with the temperature of the compartment or room or the
expansion or temperature of the heater thermo electrically through the medium of
thermo electric elements or the heat or volume of the liquid contained in the heater
as described in my former Letters Patent. In order to provide for automatically
applying the brakes in case of separation of the vehicles by accident breakage or

page_text: otherwise or upon undue compression of the buffers, I employ a derived branch or
independent circuit which is adapted to supply the energy for energizing the
electro magnetic devices connected with the brake blocks, or connected with the
valves of hydraulic vacuum or air compressing or steam brakes or other devices
for impeding the motion of the train any excessive jamming of the carriages will
apply the brakes to each carriage or the vehicles of the train collectively such
arrangement can be applied on each vehicle or on the engine only when the.
electrical circuit extends throughout these contacts may be made by the buffers
being forced against springs at the latter part of their movement. In carrying
this into practice I arrange in a portion of the electrical connections containing
the electro magnetic devices a circuit maker whose normal position when the
vehicles are connected will be interrupted. I sometimes employ a inovable link or
a flexible coupling which is stretched across or between the carriages and thereby
breaks the circuit upon one or both adjoining carriages the springs causing the
immediate completion of the circuit the connection being adapted to operate against
them and by means of a bar connection provided with an insulated portion and a
metallic circuit the brake blocks may be mounted upon hinged plates carrying
electro magnets the normal position through the medium of a weight or springs
being clear of the wheels or braking surface the brake blocks may be detachable
wearing plates of cast steel or iron forming the keeper of the magnets of horse
shoe form. In some cases the electrical connections from each vehicle are adapted
to be placed in electrical communication with the permanent or fixed portion of the
electrical circuit with or without the medium of a liquid in the circuit preferably
a liquid say brackish water. I can employ a flexible connection or a vertically
sliding piece maintained in its normal position by a spring or weight so as to
interrupt the circuit and be of sufficient height to clear all obstructions on the line
I employ plungers or contact makers held in position by a spring or weight so as
to interrupt the circuit upon the vehicle these plungers are preferably adapted to
operate in conjunction with a liquid or combination of them as herein
provided for and I sometimes connect them with the core or armature of
a solenoid or magnet which is included in the derived circuit of the main
charging circuit when the current flows into the electrical circuit on the vehicle
the solenoid is energized and its core carrying the plunger of conical or other
suitable form is acted upon or drawn downwards against the force of the spring
or weight through its support or guide until the liquid shall occupy its greatest
height and the maximum conductivity afforded in such portion of the circuit. In
some cases I lead this derived circuit to an automatic cut off device in conjunction
with the accumulating or storing device or devices on the vehicle adapted to be
charged vivified or revivified through the medium of the charging current
transmitted from the source or reserves through stationary portions of the electrical
circuit for instance when I employ electro chemical batteries I may employ
electrolysis or an accumulation of gas evolved by the process of electrolysis the
deposition may represent the work done or the energy stored and by means of a
weighted rocking lever or a rotating cylinder provided with suitable blades or
elements adapted to revolve in suitable metallic solution and connected with or
through the medium of the liquid forming part of the derived circuit which
represent a certain portion of the current passing the accumulating device may be
cut out of the charging circuit when some predetermined amount of energy is
stored but I prefer to employ a pumping or a compressing device which is combined
with an ordinary disc motor the receiver or chamber in which the air or liquid is
pumped being adapted to represent the conservation of power in the reservoir and
upon some predetermined pressure or height of the liquid in the charging circuit
will be interrupted through the medium of a float valve or other suitable means
either with or without electro magnetic devices and means connected or combined
thereby in the circuit until the pressure or height of liquid shall be reduced which
will be dependent upon the consumption in the translating or discharging circuits

page_text: from the magazine By combining the translating circuit through a derived
circuit in parallel circuit or otherwise with an electro magnetic device combined
with a valve or other governing medium which provides for restoring the governing
device connected with the cut off of the main charging circuit to the accumulating
device. I am enabled to restore the governing device to operate in a reverse
manner to that in the charging circuit and in exact proportion to the work done in
the discharging circuit or the decrease of the energy stored, Or I may employ the
gas evolved from an independent electro chemical battery which will operate in a
somewhat similar manner or I may employ a gas battery as a governor for the
electro chemical battery and the gas may be recomposed by connecting same in the
discharging circuit or I may employ a gas battery solely having decomposing and
recomposing chambers or parts by such means the decomposing chamber or
elements being connected on a loop or derived circuit from the main charging
circuit and the recomposing elements and chambers or convertor with or without
other means of regulating or varying the electric potential being connected in the
discharging or controlling circuit in any preferred manner. The charging and
discharging circuits. become absolutely independent in their working the strength
of my reservoir is my limit and the pressure is my regulator and operates one or
more cut offs in the charging circuit through the medium of valves or floats or
electro magnetic devices adapted to be operated from the decomposing chamber
with or without being controlled partly by the current or a portion thereof in the
discharging circuit from the recomposing chamber or part, or I may heat & liquid
air or gas in an independent chamber or reservoir or collapsible or expansible
Vessel and dependent upon the temperature of the liquid I regulate or stop
the charging, the circuit may be controlled through the medium of a float or
otherwise through a mercurial column with or without electro magnetic devices.
The derived circuit in all cases represents only a fraction of the current
passing. The magazines or convertors upon the vehicle or train may be
charged with a minimum resistance by short circuiting or coupling in multiple
arc or parallel circuit or by the employment of a multiple of branches or
feeders connected with the elements so as to reduce the internal resistance of the
accumulating or storing devices or a series of them charged alternatively
consecutively or collectively and they may be connected in the discharging circuit
coupled in series. Or I may reverse this method of working and connect the
elements of the magazines accumulating device or devices in the charging circuit
in series and in the discharging circuit in which one or more motors or sections of
one or more motors upon one or more of the vehicles are adapted to operate in
parallel circuit or through the medium of compound circuits and circuit making
devices, I provide for varying the force of the current in the discharging circuits
by decreasing the resistance in the motor circuits or the internal resistance of the
magazine connected in the discharging circuits or both or the reverse as may be
desired and I sometimes combine this centralized system of circuit makers and
circuits in a grouping box or otherwise upon the engine or in the driving
department so that one or more of the same shall interlock with one or more
other circuit makers or circuits so as to provide for the proper relative working of
the charging and discharging circuits or so as to provide for directing a portion of
the current from the stationary portion of the system either through an independent
circuit or a branch from the main charging circuit into the motor circuits for
propelling the vehicles while charging the accumulating or storing devices.
And I sometimes provide regulating or converting devices in the charging
circuit or stationary portion of the electrical system and the portion of the circuit
in which the motors are adapted to operate. I accomplish this by the employment
of a multiple of circuits and a circuit maker or so as to provide for varying the
conductivity of such portion of the circuit preferably through the medium of liquid
or a combination of them with or without such circuit making device being
connected with the speed regulator or governor combined with the driving
mechanism or axles. Or I provide special. converting devices such as induction

page_text: plates or coils condensers or in other words accumulating devices by which I
provide for increasing the length or varying the conductivity or surface charged
or resistance in the charging and discharging or working circuits by the employment
of a commutator or switching device which may be combined with an electro
magnetic device or motor or with the driving mechanism or axles so as to provide
for alternatively consecutively or intermittently changing the connections at the
charging and discharging circuit. I sometimes effect this by means of a metal circuit
or plates and a plunger or series adapted to operate between the plates or outside of
them and provide for increasing or decreasing the height of the liquid for instance
I may employ two or more plates having the form of a V arranged in close
proximity to each other each plate may be connected with the terminals or
conductors of their respective electro chemical elements through the medium of
a plunger which is adapted to displace the liquid and thereby cause it to increase
the surface of the plates in contact therewith or in other words to decrease the
resistance. By supplying these plungers upon a suitable rocking or rotating
shaft one or more sets may be adapted to be in the charging circuit while others
will be in the discharging circuit as will be understood from the description berein.
I sometimes merely decrease the conductivity of the electric circuit through the
medium of a conical plug or circuit maker or a multiple of circuits in the main
charging circuit or a branch therefrom leading to the motors and I sometimes
combine this multiple circuit or converting device with a circuit making device of
compound form adapted to connect one or more of the motors in series or
parallel circuit.
In the electrical equipment of the vehicle or train I employ an electrical circuit
which is controlled from the driving department (with or without being controlled
from the Guards department or portions of the train) through the medium of a
circuit maker which is arranged in the grouping box before stated with or without
being interlocked or combined with one or more of the other circuit makers for
instance the circuit maker for propelling the vehicles. This circuit is preferably
an independent circuit in which electro magnetic devices are adapted to operate
upon circuit makers arranged to operate in conjunction with the electric circuit or
circuits (from the reserves of electric energy upon each vehicle) in which are
included electro magnetic devices having connected or combined with them the
brake blocks. I sometimes provide a main charging circuit extending throughout
the length of the train (with coupling devices between each vehicle) and control
the circuit from the driving department of the train through the medium of a
circuit maker so that such charging circuit may be placed in electrical communi-
cation with the stationary portion of an electric circuit while the trains may be
moving or stationary or both or in connection with the main magazine or store of
energy upon the engine. I sometimes provide for short circuiting this electrical
circuit through the medium of suitable connections and switching devices upon
each vebicle so that the electrical circuit upon each vehicle can be placed in the
electrical communication with the stationary portion of the circuit from the
generating or developing source or from the reserves of electric energy or both.
The accumulating devices may be adapted to operate in series or in parallel circuit
and be alternatively or consecutively or collectively charged suitable connections
and circuit making devices being provided for this purpose automatic switching or
cut off devices being provided to operate in the derived circuits from the main
charging circuit so as to stop the current passing into the electric magazine when
some predetermined amount of energy shall be stored as before described with
reference to accumulating devices.
Under
I may employ currents of higher tension for charging these magazines_than
desired to be used in the discharging or translating circuits or the reverse.
my method of varying the conductivity of the electrical circuits and of regulating
or varying the conductivity to or from the magazines or convertors and working
through the medium of liquid in the circuit I am enabled to charge or vivify the
magazines or convertors coupled in quantity or short circuited or in series or

page_text: continuous lengths with currents of high tension either upon the vehicles or trains
or in the stationary portion of the system or both.
In the construction or equipment of an electric engine tramcar or vehicle I
prefer to apply the motors of the greatest diameter possible directly to the driving
axles. I sometimes employ chain or link gearing in order to obtain an extended
surface and provide for the vertical movement caused by the springs I employ a
Beries of plates cut or moulded in the form of rings having the diameter
necessary for the armature. Upon these rings (with or without dovetailed recesses
thereon formed by casting or otherwise) I mould or deposit electrically or otherwise
the conducting element in the form of a continuous coil each bar or section of
which is connected with the bar or section on the opposite side of the support
and led to the external circuit to rings or to commutators according to the arrange-
ment of the inductive poles in which they operate in conjunction with that is to
say when I employ a pole or poles of one denomination or inductive poles so
arranged as to provide for the current always flowing in one direction through the
elements connected with the external circuit. I employ rings mounted upon and
insulated from the axle and when the poles and elements of the armature are so
arranged that commutating devices are necessary to break or interrupt the circuit.
I preferably employ the machines without commutators and employ two or
more rings upon and insulated from the axle to which the element or elements of
the motors are connected in series or parallel circuit or two or more independent
set of rings one set connected with the element elements or part of the elements in
series or continuous lengths (through the medium of rings upon and insulated
from the axle) the other set being connected to the element or elements in parallel
circuit derived circuits or branches to the independent sections or lengths or
sections of the continuous element or elements so as to short circuit the same or
reduce or vary the internal resistance of the machine these short circuiting devices
are connected with the metallic circuit of the armature so that the current enters
with or without passing through the helix of the inductive pole of such section to
the conducting portion of the same element or part of the element arranged so as
to be under the inductive action of a pole of the opposite denomination arranged
at different parts the ends are preferably at the faces of the armature diametrically
opposite or on opposite sides of the axis of rotation and I employ a series of rings
or plates of magnetic or non-magnetic material each of which may be adapted to
operate in conjunction with independent poles or with all the poles united to one
frame or support magnetic or otherwise the pole pieces being cut away or
arranged so that their consequent poles or parts in a straight line lengthwise of
the armature will be at an angle to the axis of rotation the short circuiting
devices in such case being arranged in accordance there with two or more sets of
poles may be arranged in like manner in conjunction with each ring under this
construction I am enabled to employ sheet metal in continuous rings upon which
my conducting element or elements are mounted preferably in grooved or dovetailed
recesses the conducting element having each section bar or surface connected with
the bar or surface like a continuous coil similar to a Gramme ring. I provide
apertures notches or recesses through the support magnetic or otherwise for
carrying the conductor or element so that each section can be connected with its
continuation on the opposite side of the support magnetic or otherwise this
conducting element can be a continuous coil and be short circuited or connected in
the external circuit at one or more or any number of points and the quantity and
tension of current transmitted therefrom or utilized there through will be
dependent upon the conductivity of such portion of the short circuit and the
length of the conducting element operated upon under the influence of the pole or
poles or in utilizing such machine as a motor dependent upon the force or tension
of the current transmitted and the conductivity of the short circuiting branch or
series of them it will be understood that currents of different tension can thus be
taken from or utilized through the same machine through the medium of a series
of rings and short circuits and suitable electrical connections. These rings may be

page_text: mounted upon or secured to a non-magnetic hub by clamping bolting or rivetting
or by arranging them in a mould adapted to maintain the plate or ring position
and receive the molten metal so as to form the hub or series of these rings may
thus be united upon an axle and connected to the external circuit through the
medium of rings or a series of them as before stated or I sometimes mould or cast
the hub with projections adapted to fit into corresponding parts of the rings, these
parts are planed or slotted so as to fit close or are cast in metal moulds under
pressure so as to provide for the parts so formed being exactly true and I slide one
plate or ring after another on to the hub with washers or bracing plates which are
also moulded or otherwise constructed to fit exactly and maintain the rings the
proper distance apart these rings are first provided with a conducting element
which is connected with the external circuit through the medium of bars running
lengthwise of the hub through grooves or openings provided for same to the rings
or collectors at one or both ends of the axle which I preferably form to fit into
cups or chambers containing a liquid say mercury the conducting elements may be
connected in series or in parallel circuit. In some cases I arrange the pole pieces
to be placed or extend between or towards the axis of these rings so as to increase
the surface and bring the poles in close proximity to the inductive elements con-
nected with the external circuit these polar extension rings or parts may be each
independent of the others or may be combined upon magnetic or non magnetic
frames so that they may be supported in position by bars or framing extending
lengthwise of the axis which I preferably so arrange as to provide for the vertical
movement caused by the movement of the springs each portion of these magnets
may be connected to a continuous bar of magnetic or non magnetic material and
be held in position by projections upon such bars or by projections formed upon
these rings or sectional magnets which fits into the corresponding parts of the frame
adapted to receive them or these rings or sections of the magnet may be provided
with logs or extensions through which bars pass lengthwise of the axle through
distancing washers which separate the different rings or sections on either side of
the ring armatures.
These magnets as well as the armatures may be wound with continuous coils the
conducting material being preferably secured upon them by moulding or electro
deposition so as to form a continuous coil or sections thereof with each section
connected to the one on the opposite side. The stationary and movable elements
may be connected in parallel circuit or in series and the consequent poles
established dependent upon the point of the introduction of the current or these
magnets rings or plates may be joined alternatively so as to constitute a sort of a
spiral or continuous coiled magnet which form the conducting element with or
without being coated or coil'd with copper or other conducting metal insulated
from the magnetic coil the armature rings or plates may be formed in somewhat
similar manner and be adapted to fit between the blades rings or coils of the
magnet or magnets. The elements of the armature connected with the external
circuit or charging circuit being connected to the rings thereon by extensions or
terminals extending lengthwise of the axle through the apertures or open parts of
the hub or support carrying the armature the plates or supports of the conducting
element or elements of the armature may be formed into a continuous coil of
magnetic material connected in the circuit or not and with conducting material
deposited by fusion moulding electrically or otherwise theron so as to form one or
more sections of a continuous coil connected in the external circuit at two or more
points as herein described. The conducting elements may have the form of a
divided contentric ring section or sections or coils connected to a section or similar
section or coil on the opposite end or face of the support armature, section or
magnet either alternatively through the support (magnetic or otherwise) connecting
each section in series. or simply for completing the electrical circuit these sections
are so connected that the currents induced therein or utilized therethrough provide
for the current being in one direction through the circuit at all times while the
machines move in one direction either as a generator or as a motor. In some cases

page_text: I employ conductors arranged radially with connecting bars or links at an angle
thereto so as to connect them at their ends through or arround the support magnetic
or otherwise either as the fixed elements or field magnets or the armature
independently or collectively with or without means for short circuiting or varying
the internal resistance of the machine through the medium of independent or
compound circuits as before described with reference to generators regulators or
current transformers The conducting elements or sections or parts adapted to
operate in conjunction with or under the influence of opposite magnetic poles or
fields are connected so that the current flows in the same direction continuously
through the element or elements connected with the external circuit either as a
motor or generator and with or without including the field magnets in the main
circuit or a shunt therefrom or I can employ permanent magnets as one portion of
my machines as I do not need to reverse the polarity of the magnets in the reversal
of the working of my machine and I sometimes employ an independent circuit for
including the permanent magnets in a circuit in which the current always flows in
the same direction. I employ a compound circuit maker with compound contacts
for this purpose when using the machine as a motor. In the construction of this
plate or section of the armature I sometimes employ malleable cast iron which has
been been formed in metal moulds and with pressure the rings or sections being
formed with concentric or radially formed recesses and projections into or upon
which the conducting elements are deposited or formed by moulded fuse or
deposition the sectional length or coil of which are connected through the openings
or alternatively and continuously over and around the support or ring. I some-
times place this form or support in a lathe and with templets and gauges I make
every section or part thereof perfectly true and sometimes cut or form dovetailed
or holding recesses or projections upon or through the supports so that the
conducting element will be maintained in position either by the contraction of the
molten metal or the insulation or holding surface for the deposition of metal or by
fusing the ribbons or bars in the proper positions.
In moulding the conducting material upon the forms or supports I preferably
heat the mould and force the molten metal into the spaces not occupied by the
form or support with the terminals extending therefrom for connection to the bars
with or without means for short circuit as described. I have described the con-
struction of these conductors and elements as thin plates with the inductive
elements principally upon the end faces the poles being arranged accordingly but
I also provide for constructing machines in a similar manner or with or in other
words the elements connected in the external circuits and adapted to operate in
conjunction with inductive poles arranged in other positions relatively to the
inductive elements connected with the external circuit or circuits without the
reversal of the current and without commutating devices for instance I may employ
arms or concentric rings of magnetic or non-magnetic materials extending length-
wise of the axle and fitting in polar extremity or between poles of opposite
denomination or between the arms of a coil magnet somewhat similar to that before
described these arms or projections may extend from both sides of the centre line
of the hub and be secured in position by bolts, clamps dovetailed projections or
recesses and with or without the employment of molten metal for securing the
parts in proper position or by arranging the sections ready for use in the machine
or they may rest upon a ledge of the supporting hub or be formed or moulded
with it
In order to provide for the deposition of the metal in coils or strips as before
stated I sometimes apply an insulating coating by means mechanically or otherwise
and subsequently apply a suitable metallic point or carbonaceous coating to the
parts where I wish to deposit by electro or chemical deposition Under such
method of constructing the elements of my machines I am enabled to obviate the
use of insulation upon or over the conducting elements of my armature and
magnets and operate with them in close proximity thereby increasing the effiency
of my machine I sometimes coat or cover the adjoining faces of the armature and

page_text: magnets with a thin coating of insulating paint or with copper or metallic alloy
so as to prevent oxidation and in some cases coat the core or body of my armature
in like manner with or without insulation first applied and subsequently form my
conducting element thereon or employ the first deposit as my conducting element
which may be in the form of a coil as will be understood from the previous
description this method of constructing magnetic elements or the elements of
electro magnetic devices is applicable in constructing solenoids magnets and
armatures and in order to obtain greater surface I sometimes form the end of my
magnets semispherical conical pyramidical or wedge shaped with the armature
being formed reversely-ring-magnets and solenoids may also be provided with
coils as before described. The conducting elements being secured in dovetailed
grooves or recesses and I preferably employ a coating of good conducting metal or
alloy adapted to operate in close proximity to the core or the solenoid with or
without an insulating stud or ring
In the arrangement of my motors upon the axles of vehicles or electric engines
I mount the magnets upon a bed plate or framing secured to the girders of the
engine or resting upon or supported by springs which are supported by the axles in
order to provide for the vertical movement of the springs and obtain a greater
acting surface than hitherto practised in the construction of electric engines. These
armature and magnet blades arms or rings may be about one inch or more in
thickness dependent upon the diameter of the armature upon an armature of Six
feet in diameter and four feet long which can be readily applied upon the axle of
eight feet driving wheels with the ordinary track guage. I can obtain more than
1000 feet of surface on the armature in immediate proximity to the poles of the
magnets I employ a series of rings armatures or blades adapted to operate into or
between the blades arms or rings of the magnets which extend towards the axis
and are supported by the framing as before stated each ring or blade of the
armature may be adapted to operate with poles of opposite denomination on each
side of each blade ring or section or at each end of the armature the connections
being made as before described I sometimes secure the magnet supports directly to
the frame with bars of iron connecting all the blades in a line with the axle and on
both sides at one or more points and may also employ similar connections across
the top of the armatures the blades rings or extensions of the magnets being
provided with suitable separating strips or blocks and by the application of two or
more such machines upon the axle of the driving wheels it will be practicable to
run at high speed and operate trains as with present engines with greater economy
than under the ordinary method of operating railways. It will be understood that
these motors can be compounded to any extent and be connected in parallel circuit
or series but I prefer to regulate and vary the conductivity of the charging circuit
through the medium of a multiple of circuits and plunger conical or equivalent
form through the medium of liquid and operate with high force currents and
regulate the force (through the medium of condensers inductive or accumulating
devices) from the main charging circuit or from the magazines or reserves of
electric energy upon the engine or tender or both. I sometimes provide for
utilizing the metal of the engines wheels and track so as to act with the magnet
or magnets and the coils of the magnets may be in the earth circuit.
armature being insulated from earth other than through the coils which may be
the working resistance between the two portions of the insulated rail circuit or
between the earth and one insulated rail which may be the charging or return
circuit with or without accumulating storing devices connected therewith or with
the generating or storage device or both and with or without converting trans-
forming or reducing devices in proximity to the line and switching device or
devices in the grouping box and with or without a multiple of circuits and suitable
connections for throwing the motors in the main charging circuit and the magazines
into the charging circuit of the main while running over an electrical circuit or
with or without a series of circuits and commutating or switching devices or a
-centralized system of switches in a grouping box or switch board with suitable
The

page_text: arrangement of circuits and switching devices for throwing the accumulators
magazines or converting devices in series or for reducing or varying the con-
ductivity of the circuits or devices or parts thereof in such circuits charging
discharging or working circuits or any combination of them in series or parallel
circuit in all cases preferably arranged to operate through the medium of liquid
or a combination of liquids as described for regulating or varying the force or
tension of the current from the working charging circuit or the magazines or
reserves or both. I preferably employ liquid as before stated for making the
contact between the electrical circuit to the magazines upon the vehicles and the
stationary circuit or I sometimes complete the circuit through the wheels from
the earth circuit and make return by the insulated circuit between the lines and the
adjustable connections or circuit closer I employ cut off devices in the charging circuit
to the magazines operative automatically by hand and time mechanism as described
and the main charging circuit may supply a series of different stations houses works
or districts provided with electrical circuits converting storing regulating reducing
devices in the derived or loop circuit and translating devices as will be understood
from the description herein and in accordance with the hight or column of liquid
or a combination of them the conductivity of the circuit will be regulated auto-
matically or otherwise and the conductivity of the circuit or the number of
magazines or the length of the accumulating surface thrown into the circuit will in
accordance with the resistance of the motors passing over the line or the resistance
or conductivity of the regulating and converting portion of the electrical circuit
through the medium of a multiple of conductors or otherwise as herein provided
for. I have described the construction of armatures with coils attached thereto or
mounted thereon under another construction in the same class of machine and
especially for use on engines vehicles or portable objects I sometimes form or secure
the coils on plates provided with recesses and projections into or upon which the
conducting elements are secured as described and in order to secure these plates in
position and to provide for their operating in close proximity to the polar exten-
sions arms or rings adapted to be in close proximity to the end faces of the
armatures, I provide counter sunk recesses into which the rivets or bolts fit closely
and I provide nut locks for the bolts or secure them in position by forming
flattened parts or recesses upon the screw end which terminates about flush with
the face in which I provide a sloted recess into which I pour moulten metal this
recess being of such form as to provide for the metal in cooling firmly securing the
parts and in some cases I provide for securing the rings plates or sections in position
through the medium of dovetailed or suitably constructed or arranged parts so that
I am enabled to employ moulten metal which when cool clamps the parts firmly
together either directly upon the hub or upon or to the arms rings or supports so
that the inductors and their supports will be arranged radially or concentrically
and adapted to fit into or between the arms or extensions of the magnet magnets
or magnetic coil according to the construction of the machines as before described.
Under another modification I deposit form or place the conducting. elements arms
extensions or rings forms or support magnetic or otherwise and employ plates or
magnetic rings upon each side for instance I may employ a disc ring sheets or
ribbons of insulating material say paper vulcanite or insulating medium which may
be moulded or compressed into shape upon which I paint stamp or photograph the
form desired for the conductors such form being suited to the construction of the
machine either armatures or magnet permanent or electro magnet or a combination
I then deposit electrically or otherwise upon the portions having affinity for metal
the conducting elements or coil connected continuously as before described and
subsequently deposit thereon with or without first applying an insulation a coating
of iron or an alloy of iron with nickel or other metal or the coil may be formed of
such magnetic alloy by deposition and with or without being coated with a better
conducting metal or alloy superposed coils or elements may thus be formed of
magnetic and conducting metal or of magnetic metal solely one or both of which
may be connected in the external circuit with or without including the field magnet

page_text: coils of permanent or electro magnets in parallel circuit or series or independent
circuits or shunts. In securing the series of blades or armatures and the wings
blades or extensions of the magnets in position for an electric engine, I sometimes
arrange that each section can be detached independently of others but I prefer to
construct my machine so as to avoid any possibility of ineffectiveness with as few
parts as possible firmly secured in position and under proper construction a machine
may be so constructed that one piece forms the key to the whole armature or group
of magnets. For instance in the construction of large dynamo or armatures I may
employ a fly wheel ten feet more or less in diameter with the plates or rings
carrying the inductors (with each conductor connected alternatively or in the form
of a coil as with or without superposed layers as before described the conducting
elements being preferably formed by deposition or moulding) so as to form the
spokes or support for the rim such plates ring or supports may be moulded with
the rim and hub or secured therewith by moulding riveting or bolting or a
combination of them or by forming the hub clamps on one side as the key and
forming the plates so as to fit into grooves or recesses or engage suitably fitting
parts of the rim the plates or ring carrying the inductors will be forced firmly in
position against the side of the hub (with or without insulation) the hub being
preferably of non-magnetic material the inductive poles being arranged in any
preferred manner but preferably in such way as to obviate the use of commutating
devices say all south poles on one side and north on the opposite the elements being
connected to rings upon the axle with or without fitting into recesses or boxes
containing liquid mercury or insulating or a combination of them and with or
without the coils of the magnet permanent or electro magnets being connected in
the circuit with or without current transformers electric magazines translating
_devices in the circuit in parallel circuit or series with or without utilizing the earth
as a portion of the electrical circuit for induction or otherwise and with or without
using the converting regulating devices as herein provided for.
In the construction of machines for application to the axles of vehicles I some-
times provide for using the driving wheels as the support for the armatures plates
rings or sections in boxes or otherwise so as to be adapted to operate in conjunction
with one or more armatures preferably a series as described between the wheels
under such an arrangement I provide for utilizing the entire space between the
wheels and also provide for the vertical movement of the springs or the wear of
the journal boxes and obtain a maximum of surface in close proximity to the
inductive poles all of which is important in the construction of engines. I enclose
the entire machine or series of them within an iron casing secured to the girders
of the engine or vehicle and with or without the employment of non-magnetic
supports or insulation between the casing and the machine. The pole pieces may
extend lengthwise of the frame and consists of long bars or plates of metal
extending the entire length or distance of the two sets of driving wheels and the
bars may be provided with arms of semicircular or other suitable form the bars
being secured midway between the wheels and at the back and front of the arma-
tures and at the top and bottom and by the means of dovetailed slots or projections
and distancing strips or blocks which are so fitted as to be secured together the
parts can be arranged in position and keyed bolted clamped and nut locked or
otherwise secured so that the parts must maintain their proper working position
and at the same time permit of the vertical movement of the springs any endwise
lateral movement being obviated by suitable braces across the frame and the
shoulders upon the axle adapted to operate in conjunction with the journal boxes
so as to prevent lateral movement when poles of like denomination are arranged
between the armatures the inductors are on opposite sides and connected so as to
provide for the current flowing in the same direction through the elements from
the source of power the magazine or reserve upon the engine or from the stationary
circuit or any combination of them as described. I sometimes employ a multiple
of circuits extending to a series of rings upon the axle so as to provide for short
circuiting the elements or compounding the machine and sometimes employ cut off

page_text: devices so as to compound the machine or to intermittently make and break the
circuit this cut off may be operated by a crank and connection geared with the
shaft or axle of the engine so as to intermittently vary the supply or so as to cut
the alternate magnets out of the circuit. I preferably employ for this purpose a
reciprocating arm carrying a plunger of conical form adapted to operate in liquid'
or ring of insulating material carrying metallic blades which fit into their respective
recesses in a box so that each department will be distinct the shaft running through
the same and connected with the axis of movement I employ liquid in this box
as described with reference to other circuit makers and arrangements of this kind
may be employed in the construction of the grouping boxes for controlling the
electrical circuits upon the vehicle and the shaft may be combined with handles
for operating screw or bevelled gearing so that the grouping box may be arranged
against the side or front of the engine and thereby take less room the various cut
off and indicators for regulating the charging and over charging and for varying
the conductivity of the electrical circuit to or from the magazines or motor circuits
or main charging circuit or the discharging circuits throughout the train or any
combination of them being preferably combined or adapted to be controlled
through the medium of circuit making devices constructed so as to operate in
conjunction with the conductors or bars extending through or into the grouping
box and into the cups or recesses into which the blades or plungers are adapted to
fit and operate for the completion of the circuits through the medium of a liquid or
combination of them as herein described this arrangement of circuit making devices
is applicable for central stations for charging magazines accumulating or storing
devices in derived circuits or loops in series and parallel circuit or for converting
transforming or regulating devices connected in the derived circuits in which electrical
motors are adapted to be operated and combined with the converting storing or
circuit regulating and cut off devices as herein described. In the construction of
batteries or magazines for the accumulation or holding in reserve electric energy I
provide special construction and arrangement of parts in building or equipment of
engines railway carriages or other portable objects either as electric gas magazines or
electro chemical magazines I construct the tank for my tender of iron and line the
same inside with lead or other suitable metal with or without being covered with
some insulating elastic or earthy vitrious coating which is applied to the interior
of the tank and to the interior brace, cross ties and chambers and I provide
grooves or recesses into which the electrodes or elements are adapted to fit and be
secured by suitable insulating cement or insulating partitions or strips or insulating
or separating material of a porous character for instance pulverized pomice stone
wood fibre asbestos slag wool or the like which I apply to the electrodes or portion
thereof as hereafter more fully described or in some cases I employ iron or copper
tanks or iron or steel lined with copper or with or without an insulating or inoxi-
dizable lining (in such cases the framing or chamber will be utilized as part of the
element) and I employ metallic gauze foil sheets plates or boxes of lead or sheet
metallic gauze foil or plates of lead copper iron or other metal with or without
recesses and projections aperatures or corrigations and with or without being
rendered porous by the extraction of foreign substances metallic or otherwise
chemically or by heat or mechanically with or without the employment of materials
in a finely divided state or any combination of such means. I sometimes divide
these tanks into compartments so that they may operate independently of each
other in the charging or discharging circuit or so that the magazine may be more
readily built up or repaired in case of accidents and also to give increased strength
to the magazine and prevent any movement of the electrodes or elements sections
or parts thereof in the framing or respective chambers or holders.
In constructing my electric tender or magazine or the magazine as electro'
chemical or gas magazines forming part of the equipment of my engine I form the
ir holder into compartments of square parallelogram octagonial or other suitable
orm so as to avoid loss of space or to obtain the greatest surface in a given space
nd provide for the elements adapted to be charged vivified or revivified being in

page_text: close proximity with insulation between them under one construction and these
elements are adapted to fit closely in these chambers with insulation surrounding.
them either by being applied to the portion of the supporting chamber of the
magazine or by a porous covering upon the elements which exactly fits the chamber
or carries one or more collars metallic or otherwise which provides for such results
or the elements can be secured in position with a suitable metallic chamber box
or tube or a series of them which fit so as to fill the compartment or are adapted
to fit upon and within the framing so as to prevent any movement. The framing
may consist of plate or angle iron extending across and notched into each other
and secured to the main framing the angle iron may be provided with recesses
adapted to receive and hold the metallic boxes or compartments a series of these
dividing and supporting strips are arranged one above the other or the compart-
ments or boxes are provided with projections or recesses adapted to fit parts corre-
sponding reversely on cross pieces or the main framing cap or covering (with or
without independent and detachable covering for each) secured in position by bolts
and nuts clamps screw bolts or otherwise such main covering or series of them can
be adapted to provide for covering or opening the main chamber in which these
sections of magazines are placed for instance in the construction of a tender for
operation on Railways the metal framing would not in appearance materially
differ from that of an ordinary tender or water tank arranged upon a special
truck or as at present arranged at the side of the boiler or upon the engine as at
present made which as before described is composed partly or entirely of metal
and in most cases will be mounted upon the axles through the medium of springs
supported by the axles each compartment containing the elements is provided
with a tight fitting and preferably metallic cover with an elastic and insulating
packing which is secured in position by keys nuts and bolts screw bolts or other-
wise or a series of compartments may be closed and tightly sealed by one cap or
covering so as to provide for utilizing the space now occupied with coal being
for the storage of power electro chemically or through the medium of gases or
otherwise by charging vivifying or revivifying such magazines while running or
stationary from the permanent or fixed electrical circuits. In some cases I employ
the elements with their greatest width or length arranged vertically across the
line of the axis or the reverse with or without being in detachable compartments.
In some cases I divide or form the tank into a series of compartments with
metallic framing or cross pieces or plates which I coat or cover with an insulating
cement and in some cases make provision for the electrodes or elements of my
magazine sliding into the recesses or between the projections and in order to
secure them firmly in position within such recesses at the ends I employ an
insulating cement with which I fill the space so as to secure the elements firmly in
position I prevent these elements from coming in contact by coating them with a
porous insulation such as asbestos wood fibre slag wool pumice stone or other
materials which are first mixed with some suitable adhesive material. I apply
such coating to the elements which may consist of metal sheet plates or foil and
pack them closely together either in pairs foiled upon themselves or coiled upon
each other or the elements consist of a series of plates or sheets which lap each
other with the entire series having their ends combined to their respective terminals
in parallel circuit and in order to provide for making good electrical contact and
securing the parts together by lapping plates or sheets so that they extend beyond
the plates of the opposite elements the parts which extend beyond the ends of the
plates are not covered with insulation the other portions of each plate being
covered. I place these plates or sheets within a mould and compress them together
and force in moulten lead or other suitable metal from the bottom of the mould at
each end thereby securing the plates or sheets firmly together and at same time
insert the terininals in their proper places and in order to protect them against
oxidation or chemical action I provide a suitably formed extension in the mould
so that the moulten metal employed will extend above or beyond the main portion
of the same and surround the conductors this projection is adapted to fit in an

page_text: insulating collar or washer through the lid or covering or instead of employing
such formed extensions I sometimes provide an inoxidizable water tight insulation
in which the portion of the conductor within the battery is enclosed this insulation
may be applied subsequently when securing the elements in the proper position
within the parts of the magazine or the compartments designed to receive them
the conductors preferably extending through the aperature lids covering ends or
sides of the metallic casing which are closely sealed with insulating material either
as a permanent arrangement or by insulating packing pieces clamped or screwed
into position. In some cases I provide for separating the elements by slight
projections of insulation extending from or placed upon or between the plates
previously covered with the porous insulation so as to permit of free circulation of
the liquid. These plates may be of iron lead copper or other suitable metal or they
may be carbon or iron sheets coated with lead or other suitable metal or one of the
plates may be carbon and the other metal or carbon or coke granulated or moulded
with or compressed within moulds into moulten lead with or without such moulten
metal being mixed with some metal or substance which can be extracted by
chemical means heat dissolution and such plates may be provided with aperatures
recesses or projections upon or within which the active agents will be supports the
porous insulation being subsequently applied. In some cases I provide the plates
or elements with coupling links alternatively through each other or at their ends
so as to have an alternative position and negative elements all the positive clements
being coupled in series and all the negative in series I also provide extensions for
short circuiting or coupling the sections at various points throughout the length
of the elements which may be employed the modifications necessary to accomplish
it being purely mechanical I prefer however to always operate upon the length
of the element and sometimes form with slits or cuts or of a zig-zag form or in the
form of rings discs cuts or with an aperture or insulation in the centre so as to
prevent short circuiting across the element of the continuous elements so as to
provide for varying the resistance or in other words the conductivity of the circuits
charging or discharging as herein set forth I carry these extensions through
insulation and protect them as before described this arrangement is also applicable
when I employ a boxes or chambers in which granulated or pulverized materials
are employed in fact any form of element can be so combined. I may lead the
terminals out at the sides of the chamber and from opposite ends of the elements
through the insulation and sides or through the insulation solely and the elements
may have their greatest length in a perpendicular or horizontal line or at an
angle thereto or of curved corrugated or angular form or at an angle to each
other I sometimes employ a structure or metallic casing similar in appearance
and in mounting upon the engine to an ordinary locomotive boiler with
insulation in the inner portion as described with or without the metal
being coated with lead or other metal the elements may extend lengthwise
of the structure of cylindrical semi cylindrical flat corrugated or other
form superposed side by side or parallel connected alternatively and con-
tinuously through end plates or insulation or insulating cap from which the
terminals extend to the switching devices for regulating the charging and dis-
charging as herein described or elements may be arranged in two or more continuous
coils or rings or sections thereof like as a series of discs or rings having their
opposite ends connected alternatively or coupled in the usual manner the interior
arrangements may be completed before putting them into the chamber and the
entire structure of elements can then be slipped into place and insulation poured
in so as to secure the same provision being made for contraction so as to prevent
loosening; this may be acconiplished by one or more recesses dovetailed or otherwise
extending around the inner portion or at the ends or I may place one element
after the other in position and cement them in position one after the other with
the necessary insulation or separation preferably through the medium of porous
Insulation (I sometimes provide for insulating by employing thin sheets of
metal perforated upon which I apply the porous insulation). Or I reverse this,
'

page_text: construction and employ porous insulating sheets and deposit electrically or other-
wise the form of the element upon the opposite sides thereof first coating the sides
mechanically or otherwise with some material (carbonaceous or otherwise) that has
affinity for metal under such construction the elements are brought in close
proximity and without the possibility of short circuiting or the failure of the
insulation boxes having the form of discs or flat rings may be adapted to be
employed for these elements and be filled with metallic oxides or other suitable
material to provide for charging or being revivified when placed in the electrical
circuit with the source or reserve. These elements may be forced and held firmly
in position against any endwise movement by an end piece provided with lugs
which are adapted to pass into recesses and be turned so as to grip a heavy flange
so that the end piece can be forced home against the packing I also provide for
bolting this end piece through the flanges and I preferably employ a packing piece
of insulation between the elements and the end piece
In order to provide for the attachment of the conducting bars or coupling links
I sometimes provide openings at the top and bottom of the cylinder or chamber or
a channel through which I lead my conducting bars or terminals or provide for
their attachment or I may provide a detachable cap or cover for this purpose
which may be removed at pleasure the conductors being carried back through a
channel under same to the grouping box or system of circuit makers as herein
described terminals may be secured at other parts in a similar manner and be
connected in parallel circuit or for short circuiting or in a continuous circuit or in
series in the electrical translating circuit or in the main charging circuit with or
without other magazines in the circuit on one or more of the vehicles or in the
main charging circuit. I sometimes construct these magazines with the elements
plates sheets boxes or otherwise secured in cement or insulating materials at their
ends or upon all sides or packed in somewhat similar manner in metal casings
having parallel sides as upon a tender or at the back of the driving department or
at the side of the motors in the same position relatively thereto and of about the
same form as the water tanks of steam locomotives. In the tank provided with
parallel sides with a detachable cover or covers at the top I sometimes coat
or cover the plates with porous insulating material on one side only and embed
these plates in insulation on their ends or edges and fill in between each set of
plates or in the boxes with or without openings or porous sides the active material
metal metallic oxides or salts or metallic solution in a broken pulverized granulated
or porous condition with or without being mixed with carbon or coke. I some-
times arrange openings or traps with suitable piping and valves below the elements
80 as to provide for drawing off the liquids or removing solution or material
employed and cleansing the elements or magazine by washing or otherwise by
passing suitable solutions through pipes leading thereto from the upper portion of
the elements this arrangement can be made applicable for all these reservoirs and
the same devices may be adapted to regulate the force of the batteries according
to the height of the liquid which may be varied at will by forcing air into an
expansible vessel or chamber or bag placed in the liquid supply portion or pumping
apparatus which may be operated by hand or the air may be compressed in an
independent chamber through the medium of a pump driven from the axle and by
means of governing valves adapted to operate in the pipes between the air reservoir
and electric reservoir I can provide for increasing or decreasing the height of the
liquid by letting off the air which acts so to vary the height of the column of
liquid instead of using a pump for forcing air a similar arrangement may be used
for pumping liquid into a reservoir which is adapted to be used in conjunction
with an electric reservoir through the medium of pipes and valves these valves
may be combined with an electro magnetic device or speed governor so as to
regulate the force of the current in the discharging or charging circuit or both this
arrangement is applicable for cut offs or stopping regulating or varying the
consumption of fuel steam gas or the speed of shafts operated by compressed air
water wind or other means or for cutting out or putting in electric magazines in

page_text: the charging circuit and may be used electric meters governing devices at a
generating source or in derived circuits in an electrical system of distribution and
may be combined with the circuits through the medium of electro magnetic devices
combined in the circuits or derived circuits charging or discharging or both as
described with reference to other cut offs or regulating devices the elements are
adapted to be in such close proximity that the amount of liquid displaced will be
very slight and the height of the liquid can be indicated in a gauge-placed in the
driving department as the force of the battery weakens the pressure can be
increased thereby increasing the surface and decreasing the resistance. In electro
chemical batteries I sometimes use independent plates placed between the charging
plates in my batteries these plates or elements may be secured in position and
connected to the discharging circuit or these metal plates as before stated may be
perforated or porous and support porous insulation or be formed of porous
insulating material and coated with metal. The elements of the battery may be so
formed and the space between the opposite plates or surfaces may be filled with
the metallic oxides or metal in a finely divided state with or without being mixed
with carbon or coke or porous metallic plates for instance lead may be interposed
between these surfaces and in contact with them.
In the construction of my electric magazines electro chemical I sometimes
employ granulated materials and solutions separated by suitable. metallic plates.
tubes porous or perforated which are coated with insulation or the reverse as
before described so as to support the active agents with or without the metal
diaphragm a portion being in action these plates or supports of cylindrical or other
forin are insulated from each other at the ends or wedges and connected
continuously or otherwise with the external circuit preferably as described and
through the medium of liquid say mercury. The metal or material employed in
the plates or conductors within the active portions of the magazines is entirely
dependent upon the metallic oxides or material and solutions used. Iron may be
employed with or without being coated with lead and I may employ acid or
alkaline solutions and sometimes employ the oxides of aluminium in combination
with suitable conducting material or plates and insulation or deposited or placed
upon or between suitable insulation as described. Magazines constructed as herein
described are applicable for all purposes in an electrical system of distribution as
well as for use in the equipment of portable systems.
A similar construction of magazines are suitable for the storage of electric
energy through the medium of gas evolved electrically or otherwise and the
elements may be connected alternatively as herein described or one chamber be
over the other or inside of it the terminals in the discharging circuit be led there
from through insulated caps which I preferably form somewhat conical so as to
provide or to fit into counter sunk recesses so as to make a tight joint adapted to
resist the pressure of the gas from within the chambers. These boxes or chambers
may be of suitable form to be adapted for use in any of the forms being specially
provided for the pipes for the introduction of the gases into the converters or
recomposing chamber lead from the main reservoirs to the lower portion of the
converters. The extensions or terminals consisting of any suitable material metal
sheets porous plates with or without being in fragments or granulated slate with
or without being mixed with coated or coating of carbon or coke granulated or
otherwise are packed into these chambers and the terminals extend to the
generating or developing sources (when on the engine or portable portion of the
electric system) so as to provide for being placed in the electric circuit automatically.
or otherwise through the medium of the circuit making devices upon the engine
with or without utilizing one or more of the rails or wheels of the vehicles other
terminals or extensions extend to the circuit making devices or external circuit
these secured set of terminals are adapted to provide for the development of the
current in the external circuit containing the motors and the electric regulating.
devices or utilizing devices as herein described I sometimes employ metallic

page_text: framing (which is perforated) in the construction of these boxes chambers or
elements and embed them in insulation and provide pipes from the decomposing
chamber (which are covered with lead and insulating coating vitrious or otherwise)
which are connected at the bottom of the convertor to admit the gases to their
respective chambers or in some cases I employ only one gas or compound and
connect the framing as the other elements in the circuit alternating or continuously
as herein described or as usual the entire or coils of elements are supported in
the outer metallic frames from which they or one set is insulated by pouring in
suitable insulating material or otherwise as herein described one or more set of
pipes extend from these convertors to an automatic cut off or safety valve which
cut out the main holder or the main charging circuit the pressure being indicated
upon a dial or by a pressure guage or by an electric alarm or both. In some cases
I provide for working from the main holders or convertor constructed to develop
less force than desired in the discharging circuit or circuits. In order to accomplish
this I employ condensers induction devices with or without magnetic cores or
elements or converting devices as herein described.
The pressure guage or cut off device of the magazines of whatever character or
the current regulator or convertors in which the conductivity of the circuit is
regulated or varied with or without a multiple of conductors or both or any com-
bination of them may be combined with the speed governors or regulators and
with the main charging circuit along the rails the contact piece or wheel which I
preferably form of a curved face shape or piece or the equivalent adapted to fit
into a corresponding contact plate running lengthwise of the track with or without
liquid therein and I sometimes employ a reservoir containing the liquid in such
portion of the circuit with a cut off or valve automatically or otherwise operative
so as to prevent an excess of liquid in the circuit so as to prevent short circuiting.
In the construction of these magazines the main portion may be upon the tender
and the converting and regulating devices being placed upon the engine along with
à reserve and the two magazines may be adapted to operate in the discharging
circuits together in series or a continuous circuit of the motor or other discharging
circuits therefrom or either one may be employed independently of the other with
or without accumulating or induction devices for regulating the force of the current
in one or more of the circuits in the electrical equipment of the engine vehicle or
train. I provide magazines similar in construction secured to suitable supports
under or in connection with each vehicle so as to connect them with the main
charging circuit or circuits and with these respective circuits containing the
translating devices I provide for charging and discharging these magazines in
groups or pairs or as gas magazines with low or high force currents with or
without interfering with the discharging or translating circuits. In order to secure
them firmly in position I provide fitting chambers of metal which are secured to
the sills of the vehicles with lugs and screws bolts and nuts or rivets so that such
attachment will be a permanent fixture with the vehicle through these boxes or
through the floor of the vehicles I employ tight fitting plungers or cones which are
adapted to slide or move or be screwed into tight fitting cups insulated into which
the conductors from the latter terminate preferably through the medium of liquid
in the circuit as before described I sometimes employ an elastic insulating packing
between the shoulders of the cups and the plunger by this means it is impossible
to fail in the contacts The cases of the electric magazine or some parts thereof
are adapted to fit exactly the case provided for same so that it will be impossible
for the magazines to move and to further secure this being the case the door or
opening at the end of the casing which is preferably at the sides of the vehicle is
adapted to force inclined pieces or wedges in position over or around the magazine
and against the casing with or without an independent spring or weight lock. I
sometimes provide for this purpose so that in all cases except by the will of an
operator and with the door opened it will be impossible to remove the magazine I
also provide locks and keys for securing the opening to the magazines and to the

page_text: circuit plungers as described. The arrangement of circuit plungers and contacts
are applicable in all the fittings of the train and may be compounded so as to
continuously slide upon or with one circuit with or without liquid; when I wish
to take off several circuits or make independent connections the conductors for
the elements of the magazine extend through the insulation and casing and I
provide a cup cups or recesses into which the plungers are adapted to operate as
set forth. This method of constructing contacts is applicable for all uses.
It will be understood from the foregoing description with reference to varying
the conductivity of the electrical circuit that I employ either a multiple of
conductors or branches in the main electrical circuit or derived circuits therefrom
with devices in parallel circuit or series as may be desired Or I provide for an
equivalent result by varying the conductivity of the electrical circuit by varying
the volume or quantity or height of a liquid or a combination of such liquids
metallic or good conducting with or without insulating for covering the good
conductor or series of them or with an insulating or bad conducting liquid and
varying to a mathematical correctness the surface of the conducting material in
the electrical circuit and adapted to be operative or controlled by thermo or
magneto electric devices or otherwise dependent upon the consumption or
conservation or utilization of electric energy or the electric potential in the derived
circuits with or without accumulating or storing devices in such circuits or in the
main electrical circuits supplied directly from the generating source dynamo or
magneto electric (operated by gas engines steam engines water or wind engines or
motors) or otherwise or from accumulating conserving or converting devices other
than or in combination with the generating source-Or from the reserves of electric
energy. I sometimes employ such devices for regulating the generative capacity
of the generators of a dynamo or magneto electric machine or a series of them
with the devices coupled in parallel circuit or series in the main external circuit or
in a derived or shunt therefrom in which is included the coils of the field magnets
either coupled for quantity or series or capable of being automatically changed
from one to the other dependent upon the force of the current desired or for
regulating the force of the current or the resistance of the external circuit or for
varying the conductivity of the electrical circuit including the coils element or
elements of the armature or field magnet or magnets of the generating machine.
machines or sections thereof coupled for quantity or series or continuous circuit
with or without the reversal of the current one or more times each revolution by
the employment of a multiple of branches of greater or less conductivity
independently or collectively so as to provide for injecting into or from or short
circuiting or interrupting the sections or parts from the circuit so as to provide for
varying the conductivity of such portions of the circuit and with or without
altering the connections of such circuit from series to parallel circuit or vice versa
automatically or otherwise or for decreasing the length of such portion of the
circuit partially or entirely as the resistance in the external circuit may be varied
through the derived circuits in the parallel circuit with return by earth or the
reverse or with an insulated circuit. This method of short circuiting for charging
or discharging conductors is applicable for converting the current from high force
to low or vice versa through the medium of any kind of convertor or electric
potential transformer reducer or regulator and is well suited for induction devices
condensers accumulatiors or electric magazines electro chemical gas batteries or
otherwise and through the medium of the regulating devices or switching devices
and liquid circuits it is practicable to utilize and regulate currents of any force
and to provide for the utilization of currents of any potential or tension or to
vary the tension as may be desired even from the same accumulating storing or
converting devices either from the generator or developer or the transformer or
regulator at any portion of an electrical circuit for instance if an accumulator or
battery or condensor or induction coils or combination of them is coupled in series
or connected continuously by leading off from any portion of such devices a
derived circuit of less conductivity than would be required to discharge such part

page_text: 1
in a given time independent currents may be developed in the external circuits.
and the difference in the force of the currents will be in proportion to the
difference of surface or the elements in series or the length or resistance in such
different circuits. By constructing motors machines or devices so as to provide
for such method of working I employ a multiple of branches leading into the same
or main circuit element or coil each set of magnets are connected with the main
circuit by common conductors or a series of them and through the medium of the
circuit making or regulating devices with or without being combined with a speed
regulator indicator or controller mechanically electrically or otherwise and the
electric connections either of a loop or derived circuit in parallel circuit multiple
are or multiple series and with or without being in combination with devices or
means for storing energy in one or more of the circuits adapted to have
their conductivity or internal resistance varying by such means I sometimes combine
the multiple of circuits with a circuit controlling or switching devices operated
by band partly or entirely (and with or without being combined with a speed
regulator or governor electric or otherwise) so as to provide for placing the
armature or field magnets or both of an electric motor or a series of them in the
electrical circuit either in series or multiple are either with the main electrical
circuit directly or through the medium of a derived or branch circuit in multiple
are circuit circuit insulated or with return by earth or the reverse with or without
accumulating storing or converting devices in the circuit thereto from the
developing source and with or without other means in the circuit for varying the
conductivity or resistance in such circuit at the generating source or elsewhere.
By this means I am enabled to connect the elements of the machine or device or
a series of them with the electrical circuit either in series or in multiple arc
automatically or otherwise or both through the medium of the compound circuit
maker and circuits in the electrical circuit of the stationary portion of or in the
equipment of tramcars engines trains or other portable objects with or without
automatic cut offs to prevent the backward flow of the current by the pressure of
gas the height of liquid springs weights heat electrically or any combination of
such means.
In the circuits or derived circuits from the main charging circuits
or the discharging circuits or between the stationary and portable circuits of the
system or in the circuits adapted to be combined with one or more motors or
sections of one or more motors connected in series or parallel circuit with or
without the employment of a liquid in the circuit as described.
In some cases I maintain circuit making or regulating devices or cut off in its
normal position by means of a spring weight float or collapsible medium with a
stop so that a break minimum conductivity is maintained in the circuit. In all
cases when suitably adjusted the circuit maker will be automatically adjusted in
exact accordance with the resistance in the discharging or external circuit or in
accordance with the speed of the shaft or the current developed or transmitted
in the main circuit or derived circuit or an independent circuit which represent a
certain portion or relation to the main circuit or the force or consumption or
conservation in such circuit. By these means, the automatic circuit makers and
the current passing will be controlled as would otherwise be impossible as the
solenoid or other devices combined with the circuit maker will operate upon the
core armature part in proportion to the resistance in the circuit and thereby
regulate or vary the conductivity of such circuit. I prefer, to employ independent
circuits for the motors or devices in which there are wide variations in the work
_being done and regulate such circuits in a similar manner and such device is an
efficient govenor for a motor and can be adapted to be operative from a current
developed by the rotation or movement of the motor either from a suitably wound
coil or coils or inductors of the armature or a minature generator mounted upon
the shaft of the motor for instance a metal disc or a continuous coil may be
employed with suitably arranged pole pieces as electro magnets or permanent
magnets and with or without commutators as I may employ the well known form
of disc machine with a sharp cutting periphery with the developing element

page_text: connected in the circuit through the medium of mercury or a liquid and sometimes
cover or surround this wheel with a shield which will prevent loss by the
centrifugal force and employ a somewhat similar arrangement at the axle for the
purpose of regulating the speed of a motor, by such means I prefer to employ
permanent magnets or include the magnets in a derived circuit from the main the
current developed by such device or portion of the circuit leads to the switching
device electro magnetically thermo electrically or otherwise operated so as to
provide for varying the conductivity of the main or for interrupting and completing
Buch circuit or for the conductivity or resistance of the converting device in the
charging and disobarging circuit irrespective of the force of the current developed
by the generator or source. The regulating device for a derived circuit can have
the multiple conductors connected at their ends to one of the derived circuits or
conductors of a multiple are or other circuit and by the employment of a liquid as
before stated or a series of contacts insulated and a plunger or rotating piece having
an armature or core with or without being mounted upon a lever or rocking beam
so as to be adapted to be held in position by a spring or weight and be operated
by a solenoid or magnet or a series of them which are combined in the external
circuit of the derived translating working or discharging circuit of one or both
branches in such a manner as to regulate the current passing through the circuit
and to reduce the force of the current in the discharging or working circuits or to
regulate the current in the circuit to meet the variations or fluctuations of con-
sumption transmission or development by the action of the current through the
medium of the armature core or other means which is depressed or elevated thereby
so as to vary the height of the liquid by varying the surface in the multiple of
conductors in the circuit or the volume of liquid
I combine with a main or generator circuit a series of accumulating storing
converting and regulating devices charged in series or otherwise therefrom with a
current of high tension and reduce or vary the force of the current in separate
translation circuits by the employment of automatic switching devices controlled
by pumping compressing liquid air or gases or by the evolution of gas in one or
more cylinders provided with one or more pistons valves or cut offs and with or
without a spring or weight for actuating in one direction a circuit for firing the gas
evolved upon a definite accumulation so as to provide for regulating the force of
the current in the discharging circuits suited to the translating or utilizing devices
in such circuits through the medium of accumulating storing or converting devices
which are by such means alternatively or consecutively thrown into the main and
translating circuits or such actuating devices can be combined with recording
devices for registering and measuring the current. By such means the force of the
current from a generator or source of electricity does not affect electric lamps,
motors or other translating devices as the accumulating storing or converting
devices and the devices for alternatively or consecutively charging and discharging
are affected by the current in the same relation proportionately I thereby control
the movement of the devices for alternately or consecutively making the connection
with the generator or source of electricity and reducing the force of the current
in the translating or discharging circuits
In such a system of electrical distribution the electrical generating devices
electric lamps motors or other translating devices may all be arranged in an
insulated circuit of multiple arc with or without utilizing the earth as a portion
of the main circuit as return or the reverse and with or without utilizing partially
an uninsulated circuit as a portion of the translating or discharging circuit in
which accumulating storing or converting devices are consecutively alternatively
or intermittently thrown into the charging and discharging circuits through the
medium of the switching devices controlled by electro magnetic or suitable device
or devices adapted to be operated in proportion to the consumption in the circuit
or otherwise of multiple arc the accumulating or storing devices being combined or
connected in the charging and discharging circuit through the medium of con-
ductors of suitable conductivity to regulate the current charged and discharged or

page_text: in other words to vary the resistance or conductivity in the charging and dis-
charging circuits or the number of elements coupled in series or the length of the
element charged or to short circuit same at one or more points when working into
the discharging circuit through the medium of the switching or commutating
devices
I sometimes combine lamps motors or other translating devices with the supply
circuit of high force through the medium of reservoirs condensers induction or
accumulating devices whose elements or parts are alternatively consecutively or
intermittently placed in the charging and discharging circuits through the medium
of a derived circuit which limits the current and a switching or commutating
device having electrical connections and including electro magnetic devices for
altering the circuits by short circuiting or otherwise from quantity to tension or
.vice versa.
I sometimes employ arc semi-incandescent or incandescent lamps or any of them
in series for special uses. I regulate the force of the current in such circuits by
varying the conductivity as herein provided for through the medium of short
circuiting devices and electrical circuits suited for so operating for transforming
tension to quantity or vice versa with or without alternating the current. the
lamps may be arranged in multiple are or multiple series and the force of the
current can be varied or regulated by short circuiting by a multiple of circuits or
otherwise the elements or length or surface with or without the employment of a
liquid or a combination of liquid in the circuit as herein described or for increasing
or varying the number of the elements in the series or charging or discharging
circuit or the carrying capacity or conductivity of the circuit through the medium
of the circuit making device with or without a multiple of conductors or with or
without a liquid or a combination of them in the circuit adapted to provide for
varying the conductivity of such portion of the circuit between the high tension
portion of the circuit and the reduced tension through the medium of electro
magnetic devices as herein provided for. I combine with these regulating devices or
means of working the cut offs to the steam cylinders gas cylinders or fuel supply
gas or liquid or the dampers for the admission of air with the electro-magnetic or
other devices as herein provided for indicating the conservation of energy-and the
'conductivity of the circuit so as to obviate waste of fuel or power.
I sometimes employ for regulating or varying the force of the current or for
regulating or varying the resistance or conductivity in an electric circuit a
continuous conductor lapped or folded backwards and forwards alternatively or in
the form of a coil each coil or fold being insulated from each other and arranged
parallel or at an angle to each other and at right angles or at an angle to a
vertical axis and I sometimes employ a series of these arranged upon a movable
piece or plunger or upon a stationary part so that the greatest length of the
conductor will represent the greatest resistance and I employ mercury or the
liquid conductor with or without insulating liquid as a covering and adapted to
be operated in the electrical circuit by decreasing or increasing the height of
the liquid and increasing or decreasing the conductivity of the circuit as before
stated.
I sometimes employ a conducting surface or a multiple of them of a film of
metal upon insulation in the form of a V so that the point of the conductor will
represent the minimum conductivity of the circuit and the resistance will become
decreased in proportion as the height of the column of liquid is increased.
I sometimes provide a series of these with a plunger or displacer of insulating
material between them and adapted to provide for varying the height of the
liquid In some cases such conductors connected with the discharging circuit is
made of increased conductivity in proportion as I wish to decrease the force of the
current in the discharging circuit.
I preferably form these conductors for use in such portions of the circuit by
depositing electrically or otherwise or embedding the same in recesses formed upon
insulating material which forms the walls of the chamber in which the liquid is

page_text: placed. Or such conductors may be built up or formed on detachable plates
adapted to fit into such chambers.
In order to provide efficient means for short circuiting the current in case of
undue pressure in the branches I employ a liquid for instance mercury covered
with insulating liquid as before stated which is placed in a box in which the
conductors of the derived circuit terminate through the insulation. I fit a piston
or float which has combined with it a rocking lever suitably supported and
weighted to the derived circuit. The other arin of the lever carries a pointed
contact maker which is suspended by the rocking beam over a mercurial cup or
liquid which is connected with the return portion of the electrical circuit or main
conductor. The amount of the mercury in the main derived circuit represents the
conductivity or slightly less than the conductivity of such circuit or the maximum
current designed to be passed through such circuit. In case there shall be any
excess or undue pressure in such circuit the liquid will be expanded and thereby
raise the float in proportion to such expansion and short circuit the current.
I preferably enclose the liquid in the main circuit in a tube having a projecting
arm (in which the float or piston fits) of sufficient height to provide for any
possible expansion of the liquid.
Or the circuit may be completed from or upon some predetermined rise of the
liquid an electro magnet may be thrown into the circuit which will actuate an
armature for short circuiting or interrupting the flow of the current in the derived
or main circuit or the rising and lowering of the liquid can provide for completing
and interrupting the circuit through a fixed connection or a series extending or in
suitable proximity to the chamber containing the liquid. I preferably employ a
multiple of conductor or a pointed piece of platinum or iron or other metal coated
with platinum silver, Copper or an alloy.
These portions of the circuit either in parallel multiple arc or series are arranged
in suitable insulation with or without metallic casing or box for joining with
tubular or other sections by screw couplings or otherwise which are preferably
so formed as to provide for forcing in insulation heated or under pressure.
I sometimes employ for main conductors copper or other suitable metal bars
wires or tubes which are placed in iron casing tubes or boxes with suitable vitreous
or other insulating material and I coat or cover the outer casing with a metal or
alloy of better conductivity than iron say copper and with or without employing a
protecting or inoxidizable coating thereon and I sometimes provide projections or
arms therefrom to provide for extending into the earth circuit, these projections or
arms may extend for some distance therefrom or be connected with water channels
water gas pipes railway tracks in order to provide for reducing the resistance these
arms may also be coated and the derived circuits in multiple arc multiple series or
loops in series with or without accumulating conserving and regulating electric
potential converting or transforming devices with or without devices or means in
the stationary and portable portions of the system to provide for the conservation
of power in the form of electric energy and devices and means to provide for
regulating converting or varying the electric potential as may be desired for any
use or application from independent convertors or parts or sections thereof.
When utilizing natural force such as the wind, tide, the heat of the sun, the
force or fall of water, I provide means to regulate the development of the current
by the conservation or accumulation of the power in the form of electric energy so
as to cut the generator or series out of the circuit by float or valve pumping or
compressing devices and in combination with the shaft of the wind motor. I
employ a weighted governor which will regulate and vary the position of the
blades of the motor dependent upon the speed of the electric generator or the speed
of the wind. The angle or position of a parabolic reflector may be varied and
regulated in somewhat similar manner through the medium of a second reflector.
or part combined with the main electrically or mechanically in fact any means
which provides for converting and utilizing such power may be utilized for varying
the position of such devices dependent upon the beat evolved for instance through

page_text: the medium of a liquid column and a float or piston which is combined with the
reflector the position will be regulated dependent upon the heat concentrated by
making the normal position of the reflector so as to be suited to the position the
sun occupies relatively to the device in the morning and the temperature to be
imparted thereby the reflector will be automatically regulated or it can be operated
by time mechanism. I prefer however to form the refector and chamber con-
taining liquid which is of glass or metal so that the heat will be utilized through
the medium of such liquid either by the generation of steam and the utilization of
the steam for motive power to drive dynamo or magneto electric machines or
by the conversion of the heat through the medium of the liquid diffuser and thermo
electric elements which are preferably coupled with an accumulating.,or trans-
forming device or series of them of low internal resistance through the medium of
a commutating or switching device adapted to alternatively or consecutively place
the parts of such device in the charging and discharging circuits with or without
other converting conserving or transforming devices to operate as current trans-
formers, or transmitters at the developing source or stations or in the derived
discharging or working circuit switching circuit making devices and devices for
varying the conductivity of the circuits derived or main or both being employed as
herein provided for in the circuits provided with translating devices with return
by earth or the reverse with or without devices or means to make the translating
devices in the discharging or working circuits independent of the generating and
storing devices or either of them for a given time and for utilization in portable
systems or devices equipped with electrical circuits and devices for the translation
of electric energy into light heat motive power or the purposes of traction over
fixed electrical circuits or sections or to or from fixed points or places the devices
being coupled in multiple are parallel circuit or series or any combination of such
circuits. I sometimes provide for the circulation and diffusion of the liquid and
the regulation of the temperature of the elements and the conservation of energy
by employment of a series of pipes connected to a vertical pipe each of these pipes
lead to a return pipe connected with the heating chamber in the circuit of the
liquid in which the thermo electric elements or series of them can be placed so as
to provide for the development of an electric current in an external circuit or
circuits of low resistance in which the accumulating conserving or converting
devices are adapted to operate as will be understood from the foregoing
description.
The variation in the volume of liquid may provide for varying the number of
conserving devices in the electric circuit or for decreasing or stopping the genera-
tion of the currents by employing a shade or governor whose position is electro
magnetically or otherwise controlled so as to reduce or vary the surface exposed to
the action of the sun the devices described for cutting the conserving devices out
of the charging circuit or for regulating the charging and discharging circuit or
measuring the energy stored or conserved or for proportioning the generation to
the consumption or for regulating the electric potential or pressure in the circuits
can be combined with the devices for varying the surface exposed such surface may
consist of a series of suitably formed lenses so as to provide for the concentration
or focussing of the rays so as to heat the chamber containing the liquid. These
devices may be supported upon a frame whose position is controlled by time
mechanism or by the height or column of the liquid or otherwise as herein
provided for or stopping or regulating the developinent or conservation of the
electric currents
I employ these improvements for the distribution of electric energy for light
heat or motive power and for operating electrical railways or in the equipment of
waggons vehicles engines or trains or other portable objects adapted to be operated
over fixed or determined lines or from fixed or determined points or places such as
hoists elevators or vessels or torpedos operated through the agency of electric
currents electric motor or motors connected or combined with a shaft axle or series
of them either directly or through the medium of gearing frictional or otherwise

page_text: for communicating motion to shaft for driving or propelling a vehicle train or
object over a circuit metallic or partially metallic with or without accumulating
storing or converting current transforming or regulating devices upon one or more
of the wagons vehicles or trains and with or without devices or means in the
circuit of the stationary portion of the electrical circuit to reduce convert or
transform the force of the current or electric potential in the devices or means or
working circuits forming part of the electrical equipments of the waggon vehicle
train or other portable object or a series of them adapted to utilize electric energy
for light heat motive power brake power independently or collectively through the
medium of electrical circuits and suitable translating regulating or converting and
conserving devices with the devices or means employed as herein set forth or in
combination with the devices means or methods of working apparatus or combina-
tions as set forth in the following Patents and application N° 5233 dated
November 30th A.D. 1881. N° 5742 December 31st A.D. 1881. N° 85. dated
January 6th A.D. 1882. N° 224 dated January 16th A.D 1882. N° 700 dated
February 13th 1882. N° 766 February 16th 1882. No 856 February 22nd 1882
N° 1174 March 10th 1882. N° 1556 March 30th 1882 N° 2558 May 30th
1882. 4034 August 22nd 1882. and my Provisional Specification dated January 1"
1883. N° 24. or any combination of them

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Joseph Stokes Williams in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
27th October 1883.
KE
JOSEPH STOKES WILLIAMS of Riverton, New Jersey, United States of America
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO THE GENERATION STORAGE REGULATION
DISTRIBUTION AND UTILIZATION OF ELECTRICITY AND APPARATUS OR
THEREFOR AND IN METHODS OR MEANS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE CONSTRUCTION
OF SUCH APPARATUS OR PARTS THEREOF
"
MEANS
My invention consists in improvements in and relating to the generation storage
distribution regulation measurement and utilization of electricity and apparatus or
means therefor and in methods or means to be employed in the construction of
such apparatus or parts thereof
I provide for distributing regulating transmitting and utilizing an electric
current or currents from circuits of bigh potential or vice versa or of varying
potential so as to provide for the utilization of any means of production and with
high or low potential adapted to operate in the main circuits and derived circuits
of an electrical apparatus or system of distribution for the operation of railways or
tramways for the propulsion of vessels for the production of light heat or motive
power for traction purposes for the extraction of metals electrically or otherwise or
to provide for the conservation of power in the form of electric energy for such or
other uses or applications
In the Specifications of former Letters Patent granted to me or on my behalf I
have described methods or means whereby I provide for decreasing the amount of
metal employed in the main electric circuit or circuits by the accumulation of
power at fixed points or places in an electrical systein of distribution and also for
further reducing the cost of an electrical system by providing for the transmission
of currents of high potential through the main conductors or circuits and reducing
and regulating the force of the currents in the translating or discharging circuits
or varying the pressure tension or electro motive force of a current or currents as
desired for any or all purposes for instance for utilization through the medium of
incandescent lamps arc lamps electric motors electric heaters adapted to operate
with currents of lower resistance in the derived circuits than in the main circuits
in which the devices for translating electric energy are coupled in parallel circuit
either in series or multiple are or in series in such circuits or with translating
devices either for utilizing continuous or alternating currents of high internal
resistance placed in derived circuits or loops from the main circuit in series or in
derived parallel circuits with or without devices or means for accumulating or
storing electric energy in the derived circuits at a distance from the generating
station or main reserve with devices or means for regulating or varying the electric
potential in the derived circuits or in both the main and derived circuits. By such
means I am enabled to utilize electric energy with greater safety and for any
purpose or application. By such methods of working it is not only possible but
practicable to utilize any power however distant and to transmit through the
electrical circuit the energy or power converted with any speed pressure or tension
thereby utilizing the capital expenditure to the best advantage and rendering it
more economical to convey through electrical circuits to cities towns or villages
along the railway lines or elsewhere the energy convertable from coal natural
forces or otherwise than otherwise possible
In carrying my invention into practice I provide various devices for regulating
or varying the electric potential and rendering the discharging circuits independent

page_text: of the main circuits and for making the utilization of electric energy throughout
the system or on portable parts of the system, for the operation of vehicles on
railways tramways or along railway lines or over or from fixed electrical circuits
or places, independent of the main electrical circuit or circuits or the generation or
both the generation and storage for a given time and my improvements are designed
especially to be used in such a system or with such a method of working or means
employed therein or therefor. At the various houses works buildings stations or
places along a railway or throughout a city town district or elsewhere the
translating discharging or working circuits (independent or otherwise) are con-
nected with the main circuit through a branch or sub-branch in series loop derived
or multiple arc or multiple series circuit or any combination of such circuits with
insulated or partially insulated circuits with returns by earth or the reverse or any
combination of such circuits
In order to obviate loss or waste of energy I employ cut offs automatically or
otherwise operated to make and break the charging circuit or both the charging
and discharging circuit consecutively alternately or simultaneously or otherwise in
such a manner as to provide for maintaining a supply of energy in the working
translating or discharging circuit or circuits, the conservation or accumulation of
energy and the force of the current or currents in such circuit or circuits being
regulated varied or suited to the translating device or devices in operation therein
(in series parallel circuit or otherwise) or the conservation or discharge of energy
in or from such circuits with or without varying the pressure or electric potential
in the main conductor conductors or charging or discharging circuits. In order to
provide for such a result the derived loop or other circuits extending from the
main discharging circuit to the translating working or discharging circuit or
circuits (with or without accumulators electric magazines induction or similar
conserving or storing devices) are of such proportions carrying capacity or
conductivity as to provide for sub dividing the current as required in the various
branches or to the various circuits or groups of devices adapted to operate in
independent circuits through the medium of accumulating conserving or storing
devices or otherwise. That is to say the conductivity of the branch is in
accordance with the maximum units of electric energy required in the circuit
during a certain period or at any given time and the conductivity of this branch
may be decreased in accordance with the conservation of energy in such circuit
and such circuit can have a fixed conductivity or a variable conductivity dependent
upon the conservation accumulation or utilization of energy in such circuit and
according to the pressure or electric potential in the main which as before stated
may be variable and vary greatly or be dependent upon the units of energy
desired to be transmitted through the circuit for instance if the ordinary working
pressure should be 10,000 Volts through an electric circuit conveying at such
pressure 1000 horse power of energy into the translating or discharging circuits
(with or without accumulating or converting devices adapted to make the
translating working or discharging circuits independent of the main circuit or
circuits for a given time or intermittently alternatively or consecutively either
automatically or otherwise) by the employment of devices or means in the
discharging circuits for varying the conductivity in such circuits it is practicable,
the main circuit or circuits being suitably insulated either partially or entirely, to
increase the units of energy transmitted through the main electrical circuit or
circuits to any extent to which the insulation will permit I therefore construct my
electrical conductors, insulated or partially insulated, with return by earth or the
reverse or by an insulated circuit with the derived loop or branch circuit in
multiple arc multiple series or series or any combination of such circuits and I
provide the necessary maximum insulation upon such main circuit or circuits and
the branch or derived circuit through which the high tension current or currents
are transmitted or designed to be transmitted. The derived circuit circuits or
branches each consist of a single compound or multiple conductor or a combination
of them.

page_text: •
A single conductor or a series of conductors of varied or uniform conductivity
represents the conductivity in such portion of the circuit so as to provide for
conveying and limiting the units of energy diverted from the main circuit at each
branch or derived circuit or feeder and in order to provide for reducing regulating
or varying the force in the discharging or working circuits irrespective of the
force or dependent upon the force tension or electric potential in the main
circuit and dependent upon the number of lamps, heaters, motors or other
translating devices in or out of operation and with or without other converting
accumulating storing or regulating devices such as accumulating or induction
devices electro chemical gas batteries or magazines or any combination of them
with switching or commutating devices combined with electro magnetic devices
adapted to provide for the transformation of alternating into continuous currents
or vice versa or to provide for the distributing continuous or alternating currents
as may be desired.
The multiple arc, multiple series, series, or any combination of such working or
discharging circuits for translating electric currents into light heat motive power
or for other purposes, with or without the employment of conserving or accumu-
lating devices, are connected with the main electrical circuit of multiple arc
or a partially
multiple series or series with or without utilizing the earth
uninsulated circuit as a portion of such or one or more of the circuits, through the
medium of a conductor or a series of conductors or the equivalent thereof so as to
provide for conducting the currents into the working or translating circuits and
for varying or stopping the supply dependent upon the consumption in the circuits
at different houses works translating devices or groups of them or working circuits.
The construction and arrangement of such supply portion of the circuit is such as
to provide for varying the current passing and the potential in such circuit or
circuits by decreasing the carrying capacity or conductivity of such portion of the
circuit or circuits automatically dependent upon the conservation accumulation or
consumption of energy in such circuit or circuits. It is necessary as is well known
to limit or vary the supply, in such circuits and this may be regulated by
resistances adapted to be rendered operative in the circuits either by the translating
devices themselves or through the medium of accumulating or storing devices so
that the discharging or working circuits in one case are controlled by the
resistance in such circuits dependent upon the resistance in the derived or loop
circuits therefrom in which the translating devices are adapted to operate (with or
without accumulating storing condensing or induction devices being employed
therein as converters or regulators of potential.)
In carrying into practice the portion of my invention relating to the regulation
of the force of the current in the discharging or working circuits and the variation
of the force in the discharging or working circuits I employ the improvements
described in the Specifications of my former Letters Patent herein referred to and
I provide for converting the tension of the current by the employment of
conductors provided with increasing or decreasing sections with a minimum of
conductivity in the circuit between the translating devices and the main charging
circuit. The conductivity of such portion of the circuit provides for conveying the
necessary supply of energy into the translating or working circuit or circuits or to
the accumulating or converting devices and for limiting such supply providing an
uniform tension of current is transmitted through the main charging circuit
irrespective of the difference of the electric potential between the main and the
working or discharging circuits.
As set forth in the Specifications of my former Letters Patent I provided for
increasing the conductivity of the discharging and working circuits or in other
words decreasing the resistance and making the discharging or working circuits
practically independent of the main charging circuits and in the Specification of
my former Letters Patent N° 24 dated January 1 A.D. 1883 I have provided for
varying the conductivity in the derived loop or branch circuits with or withou

page_text: the employment of devices for accumulating or storing energy in the discharging
or working circuits.
In order to effectually accomplish these results I sometimes provide a series of
conductors or branches each of which or one of which represents a fraction or the
minimum consumption of energy in such translating circuits or the maximum
consumption possible through one of the translating devices in such circuits
employed or designed to be employed in the translating or working circuit
or circuits. The conductivity of the derived branch or loop circuit from the
main circuit to the series of branches or sections of such circuit is such as to
provide for conducting the maximum supply of current into the translating circuit
or circuits when all the translating devices in such circuit or circuits shall be in
operation providing the force of the current or the electric potential in the main
circuit shall not be below some pre-determined standard which is preferably of
high potential and thereby reduce the sectional area or weight of metal employed
in the length of the main electrical circuit. In the circuit extending from the
branches or sections of decreased section I employ a metallic conductor which is
increased in conductivity in proportion as I wish to reduce the force of the current,
One of such conductors may be led to each translating or other device for utilizing
or conserving or accumulating electric energy or a single multiple are parallel
circuit or a series of circuits may be employed from which derived or loop circuits
are carried in which the translating conserving or accumulating devices are
adapted to operate
Where independent circuits are employed leading from and adapted to operate
in conjunction with the first named branches or sections by making the carrying
capacity of the section of the conductor of a conductivity suited to supply the
current necessary for each translating device or other apparatus the resistance in
the circuit will be regulated through the medium of the device adapted to operate
in such circuit as the section or conductivity of the regulating portion of the
circuit (the conductivity or resistance of the translating portion of the circuit is
proportioned and varied in accordance with the resistance of the electric lamp whether
are or incandescent, electric motor, heater, accumulating or other device or a series
or combination of them for translating conserving accumulating or utilizing the
energy) as the force of the current from the main charging circuit is to be reduced
in the discharging circuit but I prefer to employ a circuit making device which
is combined with electro magnétic or other devices so as to be operated automati;
cally or by hand or both and to be adjustable for the purpose intended. This
circuit making device may consist of a plunger having a conical or tapered form or
may consist of a spherical or other suitably shaped piece or part of conducting or
non-conducting material or of both conducting and non-conducting material and of
a single conductor or of a series of conductors the series of conductors being
insulated from each other so as to form branches terminating in the discharging or
working circuit with or without each section being adapted to exert its proportion
of force upon a magnet or solenoid or an electro magnetic or electric translating
device which is combined with the circuit maker or resistance with or without
devices or means in such circuit for accumulating conserving or storing electric
energy. Instead of providing for the branches or series of conductors upon or in
the movable piece being insulated from each other they may terminate in proximity
to the plunger or circuit making device or be adapted to be placed in the electrica!
circuit consecutively through the medium of such device dependent upon the
number of translating or conserving devices or the consumption or utilization of
energy in the working circuit. I sometimes employ a series of these devices
mounted upon a rocking beam or shaft so as to constitute a compound circuit
maker electrically or otherwise operative for reversing the current through an
electrical circuit or for cutting an accumulating or converting device out of the
charging circuit or for regulating the electric potential in the circuits of the same
or varying potential with or without the medium of a weight or spring for main-
taining a set variation or regulation. This device may be coupled in a derived,

page_text: multiple arc, multiple series, or series circuit with or without being combined with
measuring and recording devices and with or without being controlled by magnetic
devices or devices of simple or compound form adapted to operate or be controlled
through the medium of an independent circuit or circuits provided with a simple
or compound circuit maker at a distant point or station or in a signalmans cabin
combined or otherwise with a centrallized system of circuit makers through the
medium of interlocking mechanism. Each of the branches or sections of the con-
ductors of reduced or minimum conductivity may represent the amount of energy
necessary for a single translating device say one incandescent lamp or the smallest
possible fraction to be consumed through the medium of any one of the translating
or utilizing devices.
In constructing this circuit making and regulating device I sometimes so arrange
these branches or sectional conductors that they are insulated from each other such
branches or sectional conductors consisting of very fine wire or strips of metal or
foil and I sometimes interpose pyro-insulating material between them so that they
are separated from each other their points projecting one above the other in spiral
or other forms so that one conductor after another can be placed in circuit either
as the stationary or movable portion of the circuit. In constructing such devices
or portions of the circuit in multiple I sometimes provide for electrically depositing
the conductors upon sheets of insulating material say asbestos and support them
one above the other or deposit or mould or fuse them in recesses dovetailed or
otherwise,
The conical spherical circular pyramidal or other suitably formed plunger or
rotating circuit making device is adapted to fit closely in a case or box of insulating
material through which the conductor or conductors extend the insulating material
and conductors being enclosed within a suitable metallic box or casing with means
for attachment to the main electrical circuit by a screw coupling or couplings or
otherwise either directly or to the branch extending therefrom.
The circuit making device is 80 arranged as to be supported in bearings or
guides and is provided with an axle or extension for connection with the core of a
solenoid, electric motor, pressure valve, float or other device which is adapted to be
operated through the medium or action of or the work done by the electric current
passing through the translating or discharging circuit or to or from the conserving
or accumulating device or devices or through the medium (partly or entirely) of
the action of an electric meter or electro magnetic device with or without com-
pressing or pumping devices valves or floats gas-meters thermo electric meters or
thermo electric regulators or any combination of such devices in the circuit or
derived circuit or both adapted to operate in the discharging or working circuit
or a portion of the current through the medium of a derived circuit therefrom or
both such parts of the circuits.
In order to obviate firing or to ensure good contact I employ a liquid metallic or
otherwise, in the circuit making or regulating device I sometimes employ mercury
or other metallic liquid conductor and cover the same with an insulating liquid for
instance paraffin glycerine water or the like. Or I sometimes provide for
regulating the conductivity through the medium of a non-metallic liquid between
the metal conductors. In the normal position of the circuit maker it is only
possible for a minimum amount of current to pass but as each translating or other
consuming or utilizing device is placed in the circuit through the medium of their
independent controlling devices one or more branches or working resistances are
thrown into the circuit by reason of the fact that the switching device displaces
the mercury or other liquid in proportion to the current passing by which the
device adapted to provide for the movement of the circuit making device is
controlled through the medium of a solenoid or other device which can be
connected in a loop multiple are multiple series or otherwise in a derived circuit
from the discharging or working circuit or with the main derived circuit (or both)
and with or without accumulating or an independent converting device or devices
adapted to provide for making the discharging circuits independent of the main

page_text: circuit through the medium of switching or commutating devices operative through
the medium of electro magnetic thermo electric compressing pumping or other
suitable devices or combinations of them with or without measuring and recording
devices for indicating the consumption conservation accumulation or utilization of
electric energy in the discharging or working circuit.
In some cases I arrange these devices in combination with the devices or means
for measuring or representing the current or a portion of the current passing
through the discharging or working circuit or the main derived circuit so that the
circuit maker is maintained in the desired position partly or entirely through the
medium of the devices or means with the meter or adapted to provide for or
operate in conjunction with the device for measuring the current. For this purpose
I sometimes employ (within a chamber or tube for instance) a pressure-valve float
or mercurial column and a plunger or displacer which is mounted in guides or
supports or upon a rocking beam or shaft provided with rockers or excentrics and
with or without locking or engaging faces and with or without a spring or
weight so that the pressure of air or gas or the height or column of liquid or the
expansion or contraction of the device for the measurement of the current will
permit of or cause the movement of the circuit making device so as to vary the
current passing in the derived charging circuit or otherwise. For instance within
the tube I employ a liquid which extends to the two ends thereof the said tube
being so formed or provided with reservoirs or chambers at each end that there
will be a column of liquid (metallic or otherwise) of equal heights or different
heights at each end and I provide a float or governor which has combined with it
a circuit maker plunger or displacer adapted to fit into a chamber suitably insulated
the plunger being composed of insulating or conducting material so as to provide
for the completion or interruption of the derived circuit (for high or low tension
currents) with or without the employment of a good liquid conductor metallic or
otherwise or an insulating or bad conductor or a combination of them. I sometimes
employ these combinations or a liquid of low conductivity or an insulating liquid
for the purpose of obviating firing or to more efficiently control and operate with
high tension currents; the derived circuit in such cases terminates either as a single
conductor or a series of branches in points through any suitable insulating material
(preferably silicate) moulded to the desired form. Or I sometimes unite or form
these ends or parts of a thin film or part formed by moulding or deposition and
consisting for instance of platinum copper nickel silver or an alloy of one or more
of the same or other metals and I preferably employ a conical semi-spherical
pyramidical or wedge-shaped displacer or plunger composed of insulating or con-
ducting material. When insulating material is employed the liquid conductor will
provide for the completion or interruption of the electric circuit dependent upon the
height. Or in some cases I complete the circuit through the movable piece or plunger.
This circuit maker is supported in suitable guides so as to provide for a vertical
rocking or rotating movement and is combined with the coupling box of the
derived circuit. The movable piece or circuit making devices are somewhat
similar to those already described for regulating or varying the electric potential
or supply of energy into the translating or working circuit and are adapted to
be used for regulating or governing the supply or consumption of energy or the
electric potential or supply of the current or to provide for consecutively or
alternately charging accumulating conserving or converting devices or as commu-
tating or switching devices or cut offs for conserving or accumulating devices
electric motors generators or for other purposes. And I sometimes employ a series
of such devices either with vibrating oscillating or endwise moving pieces or
rotating shafts or a combination of them as commutators or switching devices for
the above named purposes or for the purpose of varying the conductivity or
internal resistance in the discharging or working circuit or for varying the internal
resistance of a developing storing converting or regulating source or device with
or without varying the resistance of the external circuit or the devices in such
circuit or the devices adapted to be combined in such circuit in parallel circuit or

page_text: series through the medium of a centralized system of conductors extending to the
grouping-box. This device is applicable in the equipment of electric engines
or other vehicles for traction purposes or for elevators hoists or other portable
objects adapted to be operated over fixed or determined circuits or from fixed or
determined points or places and I sometimes combine with such system of circuit
making conductors a special circuit-maker or key or a series of them (interlocked
in the combination automatically or otherwise dependent upon the position of some
other circuit maker) which provides for the completion of an electric circuit
between some part of the accumulating or storing devices forming some part of
the electrical equipment of a wagon vehicle or train or the motors for propelling
the same or other portable objects with the fixed portion of the electric circuit
with or without accumulating conserving and converting or regulating devices in
one or more of the circuits of the stationary part or parts of the system.
In some cases in the construction of the circuit making or regulating devices
for varying the conductivity in an electric circuit I stamp or mould the movable
portion into the form of a cone pyramid or wedge shaped or a similarly formed
piece of very thin sheets or films of metal say platinum, iron, nickel or copper, or
a highly refractory metal or alloy of metals so as to provide a minimum
conductivity in any given section. Or I provide a form of insulating material
and coat such insulating material mechanically or in any preferred manner with
some other material (carbonaceous or otherwise) and subsequently deposit
electrically or otherwise the metal or alloy for instance platinum, nickel iron copper
or a metallic alloy as aforesaid and thereby provide means for the employment of
an uniform increase or decrease of conductivity in the electric circuit dependent
upon the position or relation of such device in an electric circuit in which a
liquid of low or good conductivity or a combination of them is employed as before
described.
When such device is suitably connected with an electro magnetic device. Say
the core of a solenoid whose magnet or bobbins is suitably wound and adapted to
be energized by the current passing through a circuit or a discharging or working
circuit as before described with reference to the regulating devices the cone will
be raised or lowered and thereby provide for the displacement of the liquid
dependent upon the consumption of energy or the number of translating devices
or the resistances in the circuit and thereby regulate the surface of conducting
material upon the cone in contact with the liquid (metallic or otherwise or both)
and consequently vary the conductivity of such portion of the circuit in
accordance therewith. When the liquid is at the lowest point and the point of
the cone is in the insulated liquid or merely touches the metallic circuit the
conductivity of the circuit is preferably normal when used as a regulating device
in the derived circuit from the main but when used as a circuit controller for
regulating the speed of machinery or an electric motor or for the development of
an electric current, I sometimes work under reverse conditions that is to say the
cone or movable piece and the liquid portion of the circuit in the normal condition
represents the maximum conductivity and as the speed of the motor or shaft
increases or reaches some predetermined maximum the mechanically or electrically
operative governor combined with the shaft or axle of a motor or the shaft or axle
of a steam gas or compressed air engine water wheel turbine or wind mill provides
for decreasing the conductivity in the generative portion of the electric machine
by varying the height of the column of liquid and such circuit making device
may be connected or combined with the steam or air or gas supply for steam
engines gas or compressed air engines or with the gas or liquid fuel supply or the
damper for the supply of air for the firing of boilers or furnaces or thermo electric
generators or the governor of a wind mill or the water supply to a turbine or with
electric circuits secondary or subsidiary accumulating devices mechanically or
electrically or both.
In some cases I employ such devices as an automatic cut off in the electric
circuit between the generator and an accumulating conserving or storing magazine

page_text: or converter but in such cases the normal position may be a minimum of
conductivity or with high resistance in such portion of the electric circuit from
the source and I employ a counter weight or spring to provide for such result, and
lead the main circuit or a branch thereof so as to provide for operating the circuit
making device when a current of sufficient force shall be developed. Or I may
employ a mechanical governor or other means whose position is dependent upon
the speed of the shaft.
I sometimes employ a second device of this kind in the electric circuit working
under reverse conditions with a branch or loop in which the electro magnetic or
electric translating portion of the device is placed so that in case there should be
any backward flow of the current towards the generator or transmitting source
the column of liquid will be lowered and the conductivity of the circuit reduced to
a minimum or interrupted. By the employment of circuit making devices with a
multiple of conductors in the main electrical circuit or adapted to operate in the
developing portion of the circuit or at the source with or without accumulating or
storing devices and by combining such switching and circuit making devices with
the cut offs to the steam or gas engine (operated by belting or mounted directly
on the shafts of the prime motor) or the cut offs dampers or valves to the com-
bustion chambers or the gas or fuel supply pipes thereto for firing and with or
without combining such switching devices with recording and measuring or
automatic cut off devices which indicate or stop the conservation or accumulation
of electric energy I am enabled to provide for regulating or varying the generation
or development of the current or to maintain an uniform pressure or supply
through the electrical circuit and regulate or vary the conductivity of the electrical
circuit either at the generators or elsewhere or throughout the electrical system
dependent upon the height of the liquid or the conductivity of the portion of the
electric circuit which is adapted to be regulated varied or completed through the
medium of a liquid (either a conducting or insulating liquid or a combination of
them.) I employ this method of constructing and operating my electric cut offs
circuit making commutating and regulating devices operative by pressure or by
expansion compression mechanically hydraulically pneumatically or electrically
pumping heating or by time mechanism or a combination such means for cutting
out or putting a portion or portions of the electrical circuit or circuits with or
without accumulating conserving or converting devices in the circuit of the
portable or stationary portion of the system or a combination of them or for
regulating the charging or discharging of the accumulating storing or transforming
devices or separating automatically or otherwise the stationary and portable
electric systems for instance in the equipment of an engine vehicle train elevator
vessel or the like it is important to make good electrical contact and to prevent
firing; it is also necessary to prevent the backward flow of the current and it is
also desirable to provide for varying the conductivity of the electric circuits of or
to the motors converters or electric magazines according to the work required to
be done or to vary the conductivity of the electric circuits to or from, or the
internal resistance of, the convertors or magazines or any combination of them
according to the resistance in the discharging or working circuits (of the train or
other portable system or parts of a system) with one or more motors in paralle!
circuit series or multiple series according to the position of a compound circuit and
circuit making device or devices forming part of the equipment of or in connection
with the portable system or part of a system such as a train engine elevator
hoist traction cable or the like with or without devices or means upon such
portable objects or a series of them for bolding a reserve of power in the electric
circuits for the development of an electric current in the discharging circuit or
circuits therefrom.*
In the equipment of an engine train elevator traction cable or the like I prefer
to employ devices or means to provide a reserve upon one or more vehicles or
upon each vehicle which is equipped with electrical connections and I employ
cupling devices between each vehicle these coupling devices being adapted to

page_text: operate or be operated either automatically or by hand through the medium of a
coupling box into which the meeting ends of the conductors of each vehicle
extend preferably from the upper portion through or between an insulating
collar or support into a chamber adapted to receive the liquid as herein before
described; the box or casing formed of metal is adapted to form a permanent
attachment and is bolted clamped or otherwise secured to the framing of the
` vehicle. This box is provided with an aperture at its upper part and a
spring clutch having a sliding or movable piece or part combined there-
with which is adapted to cover the aperture with or without an elastic
packing. I provide each vehicle with these attachments into which a single
conductor or a multiple arc or parallel circuit extends and provide coupling
pieces at each end of a flexible conductor or a series of conductors insulated
from each other and covered with insulation; the end pieces may be of wedge
shape or other suitable form and may be provided with suitable recesses
into which the spring lock or clutch fits or engages so as to tend to force the part
into proper contact or into the liquid contact in the box and lock the same in
position. The part extending into the box and liquid is preferably at an angle say
a right angle to the axial line of the flexible conductor or electrical circuit. The
conductor or conductors extend through the length of the vehicle and in suitable
portions of this circuit either in parallel circuit series or multiple series or series in
parallel circuit. I sometimes employ electric magazines batteries or accumulating
devices in groups of two or more. I employ automatic switching devices when
I employ electro chemical batteries so as to alternatively or consecutively charge
the same so that one part may be discharging into the working or translating
circuit in which incandescent semi-incandescent, or other kinds of electric lamps
electric heaters or electro magnetic devices connected or combined with the brake-
blocks electric motors connected or combined with the axles of the wheels directly
or through frictional or chain gearing or any or all of such devices are adapted to
operate in multiple series or parallel circuits or series or a combination of such
circuits and I employ switching devices adapted to provide for turning on or off
the current to or from the translating circuits so as to control one or more or a
group or series of lamps heaters brake-blocks or motors as may be desired from one
or more places or points on the vehicle or train and I also employ independent
circuit-makers for each translating device such as lamps or heaters and automatic
regulators preferably such as is herein described for regulating the discharge in the
light and heater circuits dependent upon the consumption of energy or the
temperature of the compartment or the expansion of some medium in connection
with the heaters as described in one or more of the Specifications of Letters Patent
herein referred to.
It will be understood that as many vehicles as desired may be placed in the
electrical circuit with the source or store of electric energy or both and the current
may be regulated as desired with or without reducing the tension from the force
in the main circuits before passing to the electrical derived circuits along the line
or upon the vehicles or I may charge a series of accumulating devices upon each
vehicle by placing them in multiple arc or series parallel circuit or series through
the medium of an insulated circuit or partially insulated circuit with return by
earth or the reverse and I may employ a main charging circuit with the devices for
accumulating or storing energy upon a series of vehicles with or without including
the engine or electric magazines thereon and such charging circuit can be under
the control of the engine-driver through the medium of a circuit maker upon a
switch-board arranged among a centralized system of switches or circuits, the main
connections if not all of the same I preferably operate through the medium of a
liquid or liquids as herein set forth. This system of circuits in some cases consists
of sliding bars or rocking shafts having a system of plungers projections or keys
(which may or may not interlock or cross each other) one or more of which may
be combined with an electric circuit through the medium of a speed regulator or
governor and in some cases I connect or combine the circuits to the motors through

page_text: the medium of a circuit maker or regulator (and preferably through the medium of
a liquid or a combination of them as before described) adapted to operate in the
electrical circuit with the motors in series or parallel circuit or with circuits
consisting of a multiple series or branches terminating at the circuit maker or in
the same or the equivalent thereof so as to provide for varying the conductivity of
the circuit or series of circuits and for interrupting the circuit to the motors or
reversing the current to the same whether coupled in parallel circuit or series or
multiple series and I sometimes provide in connection with this circuit-maker an
independent circuit-maker connected or combined or interlocked therewith so that
the motors can be transformed into generating machines when it is desired to
impede the motion of the vehicles or trains; for this purpose I preferably provide
for throwing the elements for developing the current into a series of circuits or in
other words I increase the internal resistance of the generator and short circuit or
increase the conductivity in such circuit or a derived circuit therefrom or from the
circuit from the battery or main charging circuit in series or parallel circuit or by
short circuiting or reversing the polarity of the magnet or element or or elements
of the motor through the medium of a compound circuit and series of plungers and
compound or independent circuit making devices or I couple in parallel - series or
multiple series the elements of the machine with or without placing the field
magnets operating in the developing circuit through the medium of a multiple of
circuits or branches for the developing circuit for short circuiting the magazines
and placing them in the developing circuit from the machines.
I also employ an automatic cut off in such developing circuit so as to prevent
the backward flow of the current from the magazines when the force of the current
from the generative portions of the circuit falls below a predetermined point or is
less than that of battery or magazine or magazines, In order to accomplish this
I in some cases employ a derived circuit connected with the developing circuit in
which is included the coil or coils of a magnet or solenoid whose armature carries
a circuit-maker adapted to operate preferably through the medium of a liquid or a
combination of liquids as before described; the circuit is normally broken through
the medium of a spring or weight and the circuit making device is preferably of a
compound form so as to complete the main circuit and throw the coil into such
main circuit so long as the current passes to the battery but in case the current is
interrupted or reversed the polarity of the armature is reversed and the spring or
weight causes the plunger to return to its normal position. This device is
applicable for either uses or circuits in charging magazines or batteries in derived
or loop circuit of parallel or series circuit in a system of electrical distribution and
can be compounded to any extent so as to provide for charging magazines batteries
accumulators or induction devices or regulators of tension and by the employment
of an automatic cut off and meter device to interrupt such circuit through the
magnet when the magazines or batteries become charged there need be no loss of
energy due to the current passing through the circuit unnecessarily. I prefer to
employ a permanent magnet for the core or armature having a polarity reverse to
the active pole of the magnet. In the equipment of the vehicles or electrical
circuits with motors I preferably employ machines whose elements are arranged
and adapted to operate in conjunction with each other in such a manner as to
obviate the reversal of the current one or more times during each revolution of
the armature or in other words to obviate the use of commutators as herein more
fully described. In order to provide for changing the circuits or controlling the
direction of the current in the developing circuit when the machines are to operate
as generators for impeding the motion of a train or for charging accumulators for
the production of light or heat or for other purposes upon the train I employ a
compound circuit and circuit maker whose normal position (when the train is
stationary or when the developing circuit is inoperative or of less force than that
from the accumulator) provides for separating or disconnecting the generator from
the accumulating devices or magazines and the construction and arrangement of
the circuits.and.cut off devices are such as to govern the direction of the current

page_text: to the accumulators dependent upon the direction in which the vehicle is moving
for instance by the employment of a compound solenoid or magnet or an electric
motor whose normal position is governed by a spring or weight the relative
position of the circuits will be governed dependent upon the direction of the
current transmitted through the elements and by the employment of stops the
position will be maintained so long as the current is flowing in one direction and
is of sufficient force to operate the device against the spring or weight or I
sometimes combine these with a locking armature of compound construction or a
clutch arrangement electro-magnetically operative from a derived circuit in parallel
circuit or otherwise so as to maintain the circuit with less expenditure of energy;
this circuit making device is so arranged that it will be operated to either branch
dependent upon the direction the vehicle is moving and by the employment of
machines with or without commutators I readily provide for operating in the
charging circuit of the battery in the proper direction the various combinations of
cut offs and regulating devices being employed as herein-provided for.
In some
cases I provide for controlling these circuits from the driver's or guard's department
through the medium of an independent circuit of the system; by such means the
current can be transmitted to the electro magnetic devices adapted to control the
direction of the current and through the medium of the compound automatic
cut offs as before described I am enabled to decrease the power expended
in maintaining and regulating the circuits by locking, or holding the device
electro magnetically through the medium of an armature with engaging faces
adapted to fit into or engage with corresponding parts so as to lock the same
against the force of the weight or spring and automatically break the circuit
to the prime electro-magnetic device which caused the adjustment of the circuits.
I am enabled under such method of working to avoid any unnecessary waste or
expenditure of energy. I employ independent circuits or derived circuits for my
electric heaters and I'employ automatic cut offs, adapted to complete or interrupt
the electrical circuit through the medium of a liquid as herein provided for and I
combine with such circuit making devices thermo regulating devices adapted to
regulate the consumption of energy. Such independent circuit is provided with
electro magnetic devices counterweighted or the equivalent thereof so that when
they are in their normal position the circuit is closed or the reverse or the circuit
maker can be adapted to operate with a counterweight which is combined with a
compound translating device say solenoids or electric motors for instance a disc
motor or a motor having its element or elements adapted to operate in conjunction
with one or more poles of permanent or electro magnets so as to operate without
a commutator. I employ a compound circuit maker and circuits in such case at
the operative point so as to provide for reversing the current through such circuits
and I sometimes employ a dash pot or liquid to steady the action or position of the
piston plunger or moving part of the regulator such device being especially
applicable on trains or moving objects or I sometimes obviate the use of regulating
devices by the resistance of the translating devices which are connected in parallel
circuit series or multiple series; circuit making devices may be arranged in each
compartment and also controllable through the medium of an independent circuit
extending to the driver's or guard's compartment of the train or both such
compartments. The circuit will be controlled by the employment of a return
circuit or derived circuit therefrom in which the solenoids or electric devices are
arranged and adapted to operate against the force of a weight or an adjustable
spring which is adapted to so operate as to maintain a minimum or maximum
conductivity in the circuit as arranged preferably through the medium of a multiple
of conductors or a plunger or conical piece and liquid as described in accordance
with the temperature of the compartment or room or the expansion or temperature
of the heater thermo electrically through the medium of thermo electric elements
or the heat or volume of the liquid contained in the heater as described in the
Specifications of certain of the former Letters Patent herein referred to. In order
to provide for automatically applying the brakes in case of the separation of the

page_text: I can
vehicles by accident breakage or otherwise or upon undue compression of the
buffers, I employ a derived branch or independent circuit which is adapted to
supply the energy for energizing the electro magnetic devices connected with the
brake blocks, or connected with the valves of hydraulic vacuum or air compressing
or steam brakes or other devices for impeding the motion of the train any
excessive movement or jamming of the carriages will apply the brakes to each
carriage or the vehicles of the train collectively; such arrangement can be applied
on each vehicle or on the engine only; when the electrical circuit extends
throughout these contacts may be made by the buffers being forced against springs
during the latter part of their movement. In carrying this into practice I arrange
in a portion of the electrical connections containing the electro magnetic devices
a circuit maker whose normal position when the vehicles are connected will be
interrupted. I sometimes employ a movable link or a flexible coupling which
is stretched across. or between the carriages and thereby breaks the circuit
upon one or both adjoining carriages the springs causing the immediate
completion of the circuit the connection being adapted to operate against
them and by means of a bar connection provided with an insulated
portion and a metallic circuit the brake blocks may be mounted upon
hinged plates carrying electro magnets the normal position through the
medium of a weight or springs being clear of the wheels or braking surface;
the brake-blocks may be detachable wearing plates of cast steel or iron forming
the keeper of the magnets of horse shoe form. In some cases the electrical
connections from each vehicle are adapted to be placed in electrical communication
with the permanent or fixed portion of the electrical circuit with or without the
medium of a liquid in the circuit preferably a liquid say brackish water.
employ a flexible connection or a vertically sliding piece maintained in its normal
position by a spring or weight so as to interrupt the circuit and be of sufficient
height to clear all obstructions on the line. I employ plungers or contact makers
held in position by a spring or weight so as to interrupt the circuit upon the
vehicle; these plungers are preferably adapted to operate in conjunction with a
liquid or combination of liquids as berein provided for and I sometimes connect
them with the core or armature of a solenoid or magnet which is included in the
derived circuit of the main charging circuit. When the current flows into the
electrical circuit on the vehicle the solenoid is energized and its core carrying
the plunger of conical or other suitable form is acted upon or drawn downwards
against the force of the spring or weight through its support or guide until the
liquid is at its greatest height and the maximum conductivity afforded in such
portion of the circuit. In some cases I lead this derived circuit to an automatic
cut off device in conjunction with the accumulating or storing device or devices
on the vehicle adapted to be charged vivified or revivified through the medium of
the charging current transmitted from the source or reserves through stationary
portions of the electrical circuit for instance when I employ electro chemical
batteries I may employ electrolysis or an accumulation of gas evolved by the
process of electrolysis; the deposition may represent the work done or the energy
stored and by means of a weighted rocking lever or a rotating cylinder provided
with suitable blades or elements adapted to revolve in a suitable metallic solution
and connected with or through the medium of the liquid forming part of the
derived circuit which represents a certain portion of the current passing the
accumulating device may be cut out of the charging circuit when some predeter-
mined amount of energy is stored but I prefer to employ a pumping or compressing
device which is combined with an ordinary disc motor the receiver or chamber in
which the air or liquid is pumped being adapted to represent the conservation of
power in the reservoir and upon some predetermined pressure or height of the
liquid in the cbarging circuit will be interrupted through the medium of a float
valve or other suitable means either with or without electro magnetic devices and
means connected or combined there with in the circuit until the pressure or height
of liquid shall be reduced which will be dependent upon the consumption in the

page_text: translating or discharging circuits from the magazine. By combining the translating
circuit through a derived circuit in parallel circuit or otherwise with an electro
magnetic device combined with a valve or other governing medium which provides
for restoring the governing device connected with the cut off of the main charging
circuit to the accumulating device. I am enabled to restore the governing device
to operate in a reverse manner to that in the charging circuit and in exact propor-
tion to the work done in the discharging circuit or the decrease of the energy
stored. Or I may employ the gas evolved from an independent electro chemical
battery which will operate in a somewhat similar manner or I may employ a gas
battery as a governor for the electro chemical battery and the gas may be recom-
posed by connecting the gas battery in the discharging circuit or I may employ
a gas battery solely having decomposing and recomposing chambers or parts; by
such means the decomposing chamber or elements being connected on a loop or
derived circuit from the main charging circuit and the recomposing elements and
chambers or convertor with or without other means of regulating or varying
the electric potential being connected in the discharging or controlling circuit
in any preferred manner the charging and discharging circuits become absolutely
independent in their working. The strength of the reservoir is the limit
and the pressure is the regulator and operates one or more cut offs in the charging
circuit through the medium of valves or floats or electro magnetic devices adapted
to be operated from the decomposing chamber with or without being controlled
partly by the current or a portion thereof in the discharging circuit from the
recomposing chamber or part, or I may heat a liquid air or gas in an independent
chamber or reservoir or collapsible or expansible vessel and dependent upon the
temperature of the liquid, 1 regulate or stop the charging; the circuit may be
controlled through the medium of a float or otherwise through a mercurial column
with or without electro magnetic devices. The current in the derived circuit in
all cases represents only a fraction of the current passing. The magazines or
convertors upon the vehicle or train may be charged with a minimum resistance
by short circuiting or coupling in multiple arc or parallel circuit or by the employ-
ment of a multiple of branches or feeders or multiple series circuit connected with
the elements so as to reduce the internal resistance of the accumulating or storing
devices or a series of them charged alternatively consecutively or collectively and
they may be connected in the discharging circuit coupled in series. Or I may
reverse this method of working and connect the elements of the magazine or
magazines or accumulating device or devices in the charging circuit in series and
in the discharging circuit in which one or more motors or sections of one or more
motors upon one or more of the vehicles are adapted to operate in parallel circuit
or through the medium of compound circuits and circuit making devices. I provide
for varying the force of the current in the discharging circuits by decreasing the
resistance in the motor circuits or the internal resistance of the magazine connected
in the discharging circuits or both or the reverse as may be desired and I some-
times combine this centralized system of circuit makers and circuits in a grouping
box or otherwise upon the engine or in the driving department so that one or more
of the same shall interlock with one or more other circuit makers or circuits so as
to provide for the proper relative working of the charging and discharging
circuits or so as to provide for directing a portion of the current from the stationary
portion of the system either through an independent circuit or a branch from the
main charging circuit into the motor circuits for propelling the vehicles while
charging the accumulating or storing devices. And I sometimes provide regu-
lating or converting devices in the charging circuit or stationary portion of the
electrical system and the portion of the circuit in which the motors are adapted
to operate. I accomplish this by the employment of a multipe of circuits and a
circuit maker so as to provide for varying the conductivity of such portion of the
circuit preferably through the medium of a liquid or a combination of liquids with
or without such circuit making device being connected with the speed regulator
or governor combined with the driving mechanism or axles. Or I provide special

page_text: converting devices such as induction plates coils or condensors or in other words
accumulating devices by which I provide for increasing the length or varying the
conductivity or surface charged or the resistance in the charging and discharging
or working circuits by the employment of a commutator or switching device which
may be combined with an electro magnetic device or motor or with the driving
mechanism or axles so as to provide for alternatively consecutively or intermit-
tently changing the connections at the charging and discharging circuit. I some-
times effect this by means of a metal circuit or plates and a plunger or series of
plungers adapted to operate between the plates or outside of them and provide for
increasing or decreasing the height of the liquid for instance I may employ two
or more plates having a V shaped form arranged in close proximity to each other;
each plate may be connected with the terminals or conductors of their respective
electro chemical elements through the medium of a plunger which is adapted to
displace the liquid and thereby cause it to increase the surface of the plates in
contact therewith or in other words to decrease the resistance. By supporting
these plungers upon a suitable rocking or rotating shaft one or more sets may be
adapted to be in the charging circuit while others will be in the discharging
circuit as will be understood from the description contained herein.
I sometimes merely decrease the conductivity of the electric circuit through the
medium of a conical plug, or circuit-maker or a multiple of circuits in the main
charging circuit or a branch therefrom leading to the motors and I sometimes
combine this multiple circuit or converting device with a circuit making device of
compound form adapted to connect one or more of the motors in series multiple
series or parallel circuit.
In the electrical equipment of the vehicle or train I employ an electrical circuit
which is controlled from the driving department (with or without being controlled
from the guard's department or other portions of the train) through the medium of
a circuit-maker which is arranged in the grouping box before stated with or
without being interlocked or combined with one or more of the other circuit makers
for instance the circuit maker for controlling the passage of the current to the devices
for propelling the vehicles. This circuit is preferably an independent circuit in
which electro magnetic devices are adapted to operate upon circuit-makers arranged
to operate in conjunction with the electric circuit or circuits (from the reserves of
electric energy upon each vehicle) in which are included electro magnetic devices
having connected or combined with them the brake-blocks. I sometimes provide
a main charging circuit extending throughout the length of the train (with coupling
devices between each vehicle) and control the circuit from the driving compart-
ment of the train through the medium of a circuit-maker so that such charging
circuit may be placed in electrical communication with the stationary portion of
an electric circuit while the train may be moving or stationary or both or in
connection with the main magazine or store of energy upon the engine. I some-
times provide for short circuiting this electrical circuit through the medium of
suitable connections and switching devices upon each vehicle so that the electrical
circuit upon each vehicle can be placed in electrical communication with the
stationary portion of the circuit from the generating or developing source or from
the reserves of electric energy or both. The accumulating devices may be adapted
to operate in series or in parallel circuit and may be alternatively or consecutively
or collectively charged suitable connections and circuit making devices being
provided for this purpose and automatic switching or cut off devices being
provided to operate in the derived circuits from the main charging circuit so as to
prevent the passage of the current into the electric magazine when some pre-
determined amount of energy shall be stored as herein described with reference to
accumulating devices.
I may employ currents of higher tension for charging these magazines than
those desired to be used in the discharging or translating circuits or the reverse.
Under my method of varying the conductivity of the electrical circuits and of
regulating or varying the conductivity to or from the magazines or convertors and

page_text: working through the medium of liquid in the circuit I am enabled to charge or
vivify the magazines or convertors coupled in quantity or short circuited or in
series or continuous lengths with currents of high tension either upon the vehicles
or trains or in the stationary portion of the system or both.
In the construction or equipment of an electric engine tramcar or vehicle I
prefer to apply motors of the greatest diameter possible directly to the driving
axles. I sometimes however employ chain or link gearing for connecting such
motors with the axles. In order to obtain an extended surface and provide for
the vertical movement of the main portion or body of a vehicle and parts connected
therewith permitted by the springs I employ a series of plates cut or moulded in
the form of rings having the diameter necessary for the armature. Upon these
rings (which may or may not have dovetailed recesses therein formed by casting or
otherwise) I mould or deposit electrically or otherwise the conducting element in
the form of a continuous coil each bar or section of which is connected with the
bar or section on the opposite side of the support and led to the external circuit to
rings or to commutators according to the arrangement of the inductive poles which
the armature or armatures operates or operate in conjunction with that is to say
when I employ a pole or poles of one denomination or inductive poles so arranged
as to provide for the current always flowing in one direction through the elements
connected with the external circuit I employ rings mounted upon and insulated
from the axle and when the poles and elements of the armature are so arranged
that the commutating devices are necessary to break or interrupt the circuit.
I preferably employ machines without commutators and employ two or more
rings upon and insulated from the axle to which the element or elements of the
motors are connected in series or parallel circuit or I may employ two or more
independent set of rings one set connected with the element elements or part of
the elements in series or continuous lengths (through the medium of rings upon
and insulated from the axle) the other set being connected to the element or
elements in parallel circuit derived circuits or branches to, the independent
sections or lengths or sections of the continuous element or elements so as to short
circuit the same or reduce or vary the internal resistance of the machine; these
short circuiting devices are connected with the metallic circuit of the armature
so that the current enters with or without passing through the helix of the
inductive pole of such section to the conducting portion of the same element or
part of the element arranged so as to be under the inductive action of a pole of
the opposite denomination arranged at different parts; the ends are preferably
at the faces of the armature diametrically opposite or on opposite sides of the
axis of rotation and I employ a series of rings or plates of magnetic or non-
magnetic material each of which may be adapted to operate in conjunction with
independent poles or with all the poles united to one frame or support (magnetic
or otherwise) the pole pieces being cut away or so arranged that their consequent
poles or parts in a straight line lengthwise of the armature will be at an angle
to the axis of rotation the short circuiting devices in such case being arranged
in accordance therewith. Two or more sets of poles may be arranged in like
manner in conjunction with each ring or armature. Under this construction I am
enabled to employ sheet metal in continuous rings upon which my conducting
element or elements is or are mounted preferably in grooved or dovetailed recesses
the conducting element having each section bar or surface connected with the bar
or surface like a continuous coil similar to a Gramme ring. I provide apertures
notches or recesses through the support (magnetic or otherwise) for carrying the
conductor or element so that each section can be connected with its continuation
on the opposite side of the said support. This conducting element can be a con-
tinuous coil and be short circuited or connected in the external circuit at one or
more or any number of points and the quantity and tension of current trans-
mitted therefrom or utilized therethrough will be dependent upon the conductivity
of such portion of the short circuit and the length of the conducting element
operated upon under the influence of the pole or poles or in utilizing such

page_text: 1 t
machine as a motor dependent upon the force or tension of the current trans-
mitted and the conductivity of the short circuiting branch or series of them it will
be understood that currents of different tension can thus be taken from or utilized
through the same machine through the medium of a series of rings and short
circuits and suitable electrical connections. These rings may be mounted upon or
secured to a non-magnetic hub by clamping bolting or rivetting or by arranging
them in a mould adapted to maintain the plate or ring in position and receive the
molten metal so as to form the hub; or a series of these rings may thus be united
upon an axle and connected to the external circuit through the inedium of rings
or a series of rings as before stated or I sometimes mould or cast the hub with
projections adapted to fit into corresponding parts of the rings; these parts are
planed or slotted so as to fit close or are cast in metal moulds under pressure so as
to provide for the parts so formed being exactly true and I slide one plate or ring
after another on to the hub with washers or bracing plates which are also moulded
or otherwise constructed to fit exactly and maintain the rings the proper distance
apart; these rings are first provided with a conducting element which is connected
with the external circuit through the medium of bars running lengthwise of the
hub through grooves or openings provided for the same to the rings or collectors
at one or both ends of the axle. These rings or collectors I preferably arrange in
cups or chambers containing a liquid say mercury; the conducting elements may
be connected in series or in parallel circuit. In some cases I so arrange the pole
pieces that they occupy a position or extend between or towards the axis of these
rings so as to increase the surface and bring, the poles in close proximity to the
inductive elements connected with the external circuit; these polar extension
rings or parts may be independent of each other or may be combined upon
magnetic or non-magnetic frames so that they may be supported in position by
bars or framing extending lengthwise of the axis which I preferably so arrange as
to permit the vertical movement of the parts permitted by the springs. Each
portion of these magnets may be connected to a continuous bar of magnetic or
non-magnetic material and may be held in position by projections upon such bars
or by projections formed upon these rings or sectional magnets which fits into the
corresponding parts of the frame adapted to receive them or these rings or sections
of the magnet may be provided with lugs or extensions through which bars pass
lengthwise of the axle through distance pieces or washers which separate the
different rings or sections on either side of the ring armatures.
These magnets as well as the armatures may be wound with continuous coils
the conducting material being preferably secured upon them by moulding or by
electro deposition so as to form a continuous coil or a coil having series of
sections with each section connected to the one on the opposite side. The stationary
and movable elements may be connected in parallel circuit multiple series or in
series and the consequent poles established dependent upon the point of the
introduction of the current or these magnets rings or plates may be joined
alternatively so as to constitute a kind of spiral or continuously coiled magnet
which form the conducting element with or without being coated or coiled with
copper or other conducting metal insulated from the magnetic coil; the armature
rings or plates may be formed in somewhat similar manner and may be adapted to
fit between the blades rings or coils of the magnet or magnets. The elements of
the armature connected with the external circuit or charging circuit being con-
nected to the rings thereon by extensions or terminals extending lengthwise of the
axle through the apertures or open parts of the hub or support carrying the
armature the plates or supports of the conducting element or elements of the
armature may be formed into a continuous coil of magnetic material connected in
the circuit or otherwise and with conducting material deposited thereon by fusion
by moulding by electricity or otherwise so as to form one or more sections of a
continuous coil connected in the external circuit at two or more points as herein
described. The conducting elements may have the form of a divided concentric
ring section or sections or coils connected to a section or similar section 8r coil on
הי

page_text: the opposite end or face of the support armature section or magnet either alter-
natively through the support (magnetic or otherwise) connecting each section in
series or simply for completing the electrical circuit; these sections are 80 connected
that the currents induced therein or utilized therethrough provide for the current
passing in one direction through the circuit at all times while the machines move
in one direction either as a generator or as a motor, In some cases. I employ con-
ductors arranged radially with connecting bars or links at an angle thereto so as to
connect them at their ends through or around the support (magnetic or otherwise)
either as the fixed elements or field magnets or the armature independently or
collectively with or without means for short circuiting or varying the internal
resistance of the machine through the medium of independent or compound circuits
as before described with reference to generators regulators or current transformers.
The conducting elements or sections or parts adapted to operate in conjunction
with or under the influence of opposite magnetic poles or fields are so connected
that the current flows in the same direction continuously through the element or
elements connected with the external circuit either as a motor or generator and.
with or without including the field magnets in the main circuit or a shunt there-
from or I can employ permanent magnets as one portion of my machines as it is
not necessary to reverse the polarity of the magnets in the reversal of the working
of the machine and I sometimes employ an independent circuit for including the
magnets in a circuit in which the current always flows in the same direction. I
employ a compound circuit-maker with compound contacts for this purpose when
using the machine as a motor. In the construction of the plate or sections of the
armature I sometimes employ malleable cast iron which has been formed in metal
moulds and with pressure the rings or sections being formed with concentric or
radially formed recesses and projections into or upon which the conducting
elements are deposited or formed by moulding fusion or electro deposition; the
sectional length or coils of such elements are connected through openings or alter-
natively and continuously over and around the support or ring. I sometimes place
this form or support in a lathe and by utilizing templets and gauges or other
devices I make every section or part thereof perfectly true and sometimes cut or.
form dovetailed or retaining recesses or projections upon or through the supports
so that the conducting element will be maintained in position either by the con-
traction of the molten metal or the insulation or holding surface whereon the metal
is deposited or by fusing the ribbons or bars in the proper positions.
In moulding the conducting material upon the forms or supports I preferably
heat the mould and force the molten metal into the spaces not occupied by the
form or support with the terminals extending therefrom for connection to the bars
with or without means for short circuiting as described. I have described the
construction of these conductors and elements as thin plates with the inductive
elements principally upon the end faces the poles being arranged accordingly but I
also provide for constructing machines in a similar manner with the elements
connected in the external circuits and adapted to operate in conjunction with
inductive poles arranged in other positions relatively to the inductive elements
connected with the external circuit or circuits without the reversal of the current
and without commutating devices for instance I may employ arms or concentric
rings of a magnetic or non-magnetic material or materials extending lengthwise of
the axle and fitting in polar extremities or between poles of opposite denomination
or between the arms of a coil magnet somewhat similar to that before described;
these arms or projections may extend from both sides of the centre line of the hub
and be secured in position by bolts clamps dovetailed projections or recesses and
with or without the employment of molten metal for securing the parts in proper
position or by arranging the sections ready for use in the machine or they may
rest upon a ledge of the supporting hub or be formed or moulded with it.
In order to provide for the deposition of the metal in coils or strips as before
stated I sometimes apply an insulating coating either mechanically or otherwise
and subsequently apply a suitable metallic paint or carbonaceous coating to the

page_text: parts where I wish to deposit the metal by electro or chemical deposition. Under
such method of constructing the elements of my machines I am enabled to obviate
the use of insulation upon or over the conducting elements of the armature and
magnets and to provide for their operation in close proximity to each other thereby
increasing the efficiency of the machine. I sometimes coat or cover the adjoining or
adjacent faces of the armature and magnets with a thin coating of insulating paint
or material or with copper or a metallic alloy so as to prevent oxidation and in
some cases I coat the core or body of the armature in a similar manner (with or.
without first applying an insulating paint or material) and subsequently form the
conducting element thereon or I employ the first deposit as the conducting element
which may be in the form of a coil as will be understood from the previous
description. This method of constructing magnetic elements or the elements of
electro magnetic devices is applicable in the construction of solenoids magnets and
armatures and in order to obtain greater surface I sometimes form the end of the.
magnets semispherical. conical pyramidical or wedge shaped the armature in such
cases being formed reversely. Ring magnets and solenoids may also be provided
with coils in a similar manner to that above described the conducting elements
being secured in dovetailed grooves or recesses and I preferably employ a coating
of good conducting metal or an alloy adapted to operate in close proximity to the
core or the solenoid with or without an insulating stud or ring.
In the arrangement of motors upon the axles of vehicles or electric engines I
mount the magnets upon a bed-plate or framing secured to the girders or frame-
work of the engine and preferably resting upon or supported by the springs in the
ordinary manner so as to provide for the vertical movement of such framework and
the parts supported thereby and so as to obtain a greater working surface than
hitherto practicable in the construction of electric engines. The armatures and
magnet blades arms rings or parts may be about one inch or more in thickness
dependent upon the diameter of the armature. An armature six feet in diameter
and four feet long can be readily applied to the axle of eight feet driving wheels
with the ordinary track gauge I can therefore obtain by the employment of such
armatures upon the axles of two pairs of driving wheels more than 1000 feet of
surface adapted to operate in immediate proximity to the poles of the magnets.
I employ a series of rings armatures or blades adapted to operate into or between
the blades arms rings or poles of the magnets which extend towards the axis and
are supported by the framing as before stated. Each ring or blade of the armature
may be adapted to operate in proximity to poles of opposite denomination on the
sides of each blade ring or section the connections to the accumulators or rings
being made as herein described. I sometimes secure the magnet supports directly
to the frame by bars connecting the blades in a line with the axle and on both
sides at one or more points; these connections extend across the periphery of the
armatures the blades rings or extensions of the magnets being provided with suitable
distance pieces or separating strips or blocks. By the application of two
or more of such machines or motors upon the axles of the driving wheels it will be
practicable to run at high or low speed with greater economy than when motors of
the ordinary construction are employed for traction purposes. It will be under-
stood that these motors can be compounded to any extent and be connected in
parallel circuit multiple series or series but I prefer to regulate and vary the
conductivity of the charging circuit through the medium of a series of circuits and
a plunger of conical or equivalent form adapted to enter a suitable liquid and I
operate with high tension currents and regulate (through the medium of condensers
inductive or accumulating devices) the force from the main charging circuit or
from the magazines or reserves of electric energy upon the engine or tender or
both. I sometimes provide for utilizing the metal of the engines wheels and the
track so as to act with the magnet or magnets and the coils of the magnets may,
be in the earth circuit, the armature being insulated from earth other than through
the coils which may be the working resistance between the two portions of the
insulated rail circuit or between the earth and one insulated rail which may be

page_text: .
the charging or return circuit with or without accumulating storing devices
connected therewith or with the generating devices or storage source or both and
with or without converting transforming or reducing devices in proximity to the
line and a switching device or devices in the grouping box and with or without a
series of circuits and suitable connections for throwing the motors into the main
charging circuit and the magazines into the charging circuit of the main while
running over an electrical circuit or with or without a series of circuits and commu-
tating or switching devices or a centralized system of switches in a grouping box
or switch-board with a suitable arrangement of circuits and switching devices for
throwing the accumulators magazines or converting devices in series or for reducing.
or varying the conductivity of the circuits or devices or parts thereof in such
circuits whether charging dis-charging or working circuits or any combination of
them in series or parallel circuit. In all cases the switching devices are preferably
arranged to operate through the medium of liquid or a combination of liquids as
described for regulating or varying the force or tension of the current from the
working or charging circuit or the magazines or reservoirs or both. I preferably
employ liquid as before stated for making the contact between the electrical circuit
to the magazines upon the vehicles and the stationary circuit or I sometimes
complete the circuit through the wheels from the earth circuit and make return by
the insulated circuit between the lines and the adjustable connections or circuit-
closer. I employ cut off devices in the charging circuit to the magazines
which cut off devices are operative automatically or by hand or by time
mechanism as herein described and the main charging circuit may supply
a series of different stations houses works or districts provided with electrical
circuits converting storing regulating and reducing devices in the derived
or loop circuit and translating devices as will be understood from the
description herein contained and in accordance with the height or column
of liquid or a combination of liquids the conductivity of the circuit will be regulated
automatically or otherwise and the conductivity of the circuit or the number of
magazines or the length of the accumulating surface thrown into the circuit will
be in accordance with the resistance of the motors passing over the line or the
resistance or conductivity of the regulating and converting portion of the electrical
circuit through the medium of a multiple of conductors or otherwise as herein
provided for. I have described the construction of armatures with coils attached
thereto or mounted thereon; under another construction in the same class of
machine and especially for use on engines vehicles or portable objects I sometimes
form or secure the coils on plates provided with recesses and projections into or
upon which the conducting elements are secured as described and in order to
secure these plates in position and to provide for their operating in close proximity
to the polar extensions arins or rings adapted to be in close proximity to the end
faces of the armatures, I provide counter sunk recesses into which the rivets or
bolts fit closely and I provide nut locks for the bolts or secure them in position by
forining Hattened parts or recesses upon the screw end which terminates about
flush with the face in which I provide a slotted recess into which I pour molten
metal this recess being of such form as to provide for the metal in cooling firmly
securing the parts in position and in some cases I provide for securing the rings
plates or sections in position through the medium of dovetailed or suitably
constructed or arranged parts so that I am enabled to employ molten metal which
when cool clamps the parts firmly together either directly upon the hub or upon
or to the arms rings or supports so that the inductors and their supports will be
arranged radially or concentrically and be adapted to fit into or between the arms
or extensions of the magnet magnets or magnetic coil according to the construction
of the machines as before described. Under another modification I deposit form
or place the conducting elements arms extensions or rings forms or support
(magnetic of otherwise) and employ plates or magnetic rings upon each side for
instance I may employ a disc ring sheets or ribbons of insulating material say
paper vulcanite or other suitable insulating medium which may be moulded or

page_text: compressed into shape and I paint stamp or photograph'upon the same the form
desired for the conductors such form being suited to the construction of the
machine either armatures or magnet permanent or electro-magnet or combination
of them. I then deposit electrically or otherwise upon the portions having affinity
for metal the conducting elements or coil connected continuously as before described
and subsequently deposit thereon with or without first applying insulating material
a coating of iron or an alloy of iron with nickel or other metal or the coil may be
formed of such magnetic alloy by deposition and with or without being coated
with a better conducting metal or alloy; superposed coils or elements may thus be
formed of magnetic and conducting metal or of magnetic metal solely one or both
of which may be connected in the external circuit with or without including the
field magnet coils of permanent, or electro magnets in parallel circuit or series
independent circuits or shunts. In securing the series of blades or armatures and
the wings blades or extensions of the magnets in position for an electric engine,
I sometimes so arrange the parts that each section can be detached independently
of the others but prefer to so construct my machine as to avoid any possibility
of ineffectiveness and with as few parts as possible firmly secured in position and
under proper construction a machine may be so constructed that one piece forms
the key to the whole armature or group of magnets. For instance in the con-
struction of large machines or armatures I may employ a fly-wheel ten feet more
or less in diameter with the plates or rings carrying the inductors (with each
conductor connected alternatively or in the form of a coil with or without
superposed layers as before described the conducting elements being preferably
formed by deposition or moulding) so as to form the spokes or support for the
rim; such plates ring or supports may be moulded with the rim and hub or
secured thereto by moulding rivetting or bolting or a combination of them or by
forming the hub clamps on one side as the key and forming the plates so as to fit
into grooves or recesses or engage suitably fitting parts of the rim the plates or
ring carrying the inductors will be forced firmly in position against the side of the
hub (with or without insulation) the hub being preferably of non-magnetic material
and the inductive poles being arranged in any preferred manner but preferably in
such way as to obviate the use of commutating devices. For instance all the south
poles may be arranged on one side and all the north poles on the opposite side the
elements being connected to rings upon the axle which rings may or may not fit
into recesses or boxes containing a liquid such as mercury or an insulating liquid
or a combination of them and with or without the coils of the magnets (permanent
or electro magnets) being connected in the circuit and with or without current
transformers electric magazines or translating devices in the circuit in multiple
series parallel circuit or series and with or without utilizing the earth as a portion
of the electrical circuit for induction or otherwise and with or without using the
current transformers or regulating devices as herein provided for.
In the construction of machines for application to the axles of vehicles I
sometimes provide for using the driving wheels as the support for the armatures
plates rings or sections in boxes or otherwise so as to be adapted to operate in
conjunction with one or more armatures preferably a series as described between
the wheels; under such an arrangement I provide for utilizing the entire space
between the wheels and also provide for the vertical movement permitted by the
springs or the wear of the journal boxes and I obtain a maximum of surface in.
close proximity to the inductive poles all of which features are important in the
construction of electric engines. I enclose the entire machine or series of machines
within an iron or other casing secured to the girders of the engine or vehicle with
or without the employment of non-magnetic supports or insulation between the
said casing and the machine. The pole pieces may extend lengthwise of the
frame and consist of long bars or plates of metal extending the entire length of or
the entire distance between the two sets of driving wheels and such bars may
be provided with arms of semi-circular or other suitable form the bars being
secured midway between the wheels and at the back and front of the armatures

page_text: The various
and at the top and bottom and by means of dovetailed slots or projections and
distancing strips or blocks which are so fitted as to be secured together the parts
can be arranged in position and keyed bolted clamped and nut locked or otherwise
secured so that the parts must maintain their proper working position and at the
same time permit the vertical movement allowed by the springs any endwise
lateral movement being obviated by suitable braces across the frame and the
shoulders upon the axle adapted to operate in conjunction with the journal boxes
so as to prevent lateral movement. When poles of like denomination are arranged
between the armatures the inductors are on opposite sides and are so connected as
to provide for the current flowing in the same direction through the elements from
the source of power the magazine or reserve upon the engine or from the stationary
circuit or any combination of them as described. I sometimes employ a multiple
of circuits extending to a series of rings upon the axle so as to provide for short
circuiting the elements or compounding the machine, and I sometimes employ a
cut off device or devices so as to compound the machine or to make and break or
to vary the resistance in the circuit intermittently and regularly; such cut off
device or devices may be operated by a crank and connection geared with the
shaft or axle of the engine so as to vary the supply or so as to cut the magnets
alternatively or consecutively or until the speed is reduced out of the circuit.
I preferably employ for this purpose a reciprocating arm carrying a plunger of
conical form adapted to operate in a liquid or I employ a ring of insulating
material carrying metallic blades which fit into their respective recesses in a box
so that each department will be distinct the shaft extending through the same and
being connected with the axis of movement, I can employ liquid in this box as
described with reference to other circuit makers and arrangements of this kind
may be employed in the construction of the grouping boxes for controlling the
electrical circuits upon the vehicle and the shaft may be combined with handles
for operating screw or bevelled gearing so that the grouping box may be arranged
against the side or front of the engine and thereby occupy less room.
cut offs and indicators for regulating the charging and over charging and for
varying, the conductivity of the electrical circuit to or from the magazines or
motor circuits or main charging circuit or the discharging circuits throughout the
train or any combination of them are preferably combined or adapted to be
controlled through the medium of circuit making devices so constructed as to
operate in conjunction with the conductors or bars extending through or into the
grouping box and into the cups or recesses into which the blades or plungers are
adapted to fit and operate for the completion of the circuits through the medium
of a liquid or spring contacts or a combination of them as herein described. This
arrangement of circuit making devices is applicable for central stations for
charging magazines accumulating or storing devices in derived circuits or loops in
series multiple series and parallel circuit or for converting transforming or
regulating devices connected in the derived circuits in which electrical motors
are adapted to be operated and combined with the converting storing or circuit
regulating and cut off devices as herein described. In the construction of batteries
or magazines for accumulating or holding in reserve electric energy I provide a
special construction and arrangement of parts in the building or equipment of
engines railway carriages or other portable objects either as electric gas magazines
or electro chemical magazines. I construct the tank for my tender of iron or
other suitable metal and line the same inside with lead or other suitable metal
with or without being covered with some insulating elastic earthy or vitrious
coating which is applied to the interior of the tank and to the interior braces
cross ties and chambers and I provide grooves or recesses into which the electrodes
or elements are adapted to fit and be secured by suitable insulating cement or
insulating partitions or strips or insulating or separating material of a porous
character for instance pulverized pomice stone wood fibre asbestos slag wool or the
like which I apply to the electrodes or portion thereof as hereafter more fully
described or in some cases I employ iron or copper tanks or iron or steel lined

page_text: with copper or with or without an insulating or inoxidizable lining (in such cases
the framing or chamber will be utilized as part of the elements) and I employ
metallic gauze foil sheets plates or boxes of lead or sheet metallic gauze foil or
plates of lead copper iron or other metal with or without recesses and projections
apertures or corrigations and with or without being rendered porous by the
extraction of foreign substances metallic or otherwise chemically or by heat or
mechanically with or without the employment of materials in a finely divided
state or any combination of such means. I sometimes divide the electrodes in
these tanks into compartments so that they may operate independently of each
other in the charging or discharging circuit, or so that the magazine may be more
readily built up or repaired in case of accidents and also to give increased strength
to the magazine and prevent any movement of the electrodes or elements sections
or parts thereof in the framing or respective chambers or holders.
In constructing my electric tender or magazine or the magazine as electro
chemical or gas magazines forming part of the equipment of my engine I form the
holder into compartments of square parallelogrammatic octagonal or other suitable
form so as to avoid loss of space or to obtain the greatest surface in a given space
and provide for the elements adapted to be charged vivified or revivified being in
close proximity with insulation between them under one construction and these
elements are adapted to fit closely in these chambers with insulation surrounding
them either by being applied to the portion of the supporting chamber of the
magazine or by a porous covering upon the elements which exactly fits the chamber
or carries one or more collars metallic or otherwise which provides or provide for
such results or the elements can be secured in position with a suitable metallic
chamber box or tube or a series of them which fit so as to fill the compartment or
are adapted to fit upon and within the framing so as to prevent any movement.
The framing may consist of plate or angle iron extending across and notched into
each other and secured to the main framing; the angle iron may be provided with
recesses adapted to receive and hold the metallic boxes or compartments. A series
of the dividing and supporting strips are arranged one above the other or the
compartments or boxes are provided with projections or recesses adapted to fit
parts corresponding reversely on cross pieces or the main framing cap or covering
(with or without an independent and detachable covering for each) secured in
position by bolts and nuts clamps screw-bolts or otherwise such main covering or
series of them can be adapted to provide for covering or opening the main chamber
in which these sections of magazines are placed for instance in the construction of
a tender for operation on railways the metal framing would not in appearance
materially differ from that of an ordinary tender or water tank arranged upon a
special truck or as at present arranged at the side of the boiler or upon the engine
as at present made which as before described is composed partly or entirely of
metal and in most cases will he mounted upon the axles through the medium of
springs supported by the axles; each compartment containing the elements is
provided with a tight fitting and preferably metallic cover with an elastic and
insulating packing which is secured in position by keys nuts and bolts screw bolts
or otherwise or a series of compartments may be closed and tightly sealed by one
cap or covering so as to provide for utilizing the space now occupied with coal for
the storage of power electro chemically or through the medium of gases or other-
wise by charging vivifying or revivifying such magazines while running or
stationary from the permanent or fixed electrical circuits. In some cases I employ
the clements with their greatest width or length arranged vertically across the line
of the axis or the reverse with or without being in detachable compartments.
In some cases I divide or form the tank into a series of compartments with
metallic framing or cross pieces or plates which I coat or cover with an insulating
cement and in some cases I make provision for the electrodes or elements of my
magazine sliding into the recesses or between the projections and in order to secure
them firmly in position within such recesses at the ends I employ an insulating

page_text: cement with which I fill the space so as to secure the elements firmly in position.
I prevent these elements from coming in contact by coating them with a porous
insulation such as asbestos wood fibre slag wool pomice stone or other materials
which are first mixed with some suitable adhesive material. I apply such coating
to the elements which may consist of metal sheets plates or foil and pack them
closely together either in pairs coiled upon themselves or coiled upon each other or
the elements may consist of a series of plates or sheets which lap each other the
entire series having their ends combined to their respective terminals and in order
to provide for making good electrical contact and securing the parts together by
lapping plates or sheets so that they extend beyond the plates of the opposite
elements the parts which extend beyond the ends of the plates are not covered
with insulation the other portions of each plate being covered. I place these
plates or sheets within a mould and compress them together and force in molten
lead or other suitable metal from the bottom of the mould at each end thereby
securing the plates or sheets firmly together and at the same time I insert the
terminals in their proper places and in order to protect them against oxidation or
chemical action I provide a suitably formed extension in the mould so that the
molten metal employed will extend above or beyond the main portion of the same
and surrounde the conductors. This projection is adapted to fit in an insulating
collar or washer through the lid or covering or instead of employing extensions so
formed I sometimes provide an inoxidizable water tight insulation in which the
portion of the conductor within the battery is enclosed; this insulation may be
applied subsequently. when securing the elements in the proper position within the
parts of the magazine or the compartments designed to receive them the conductors
preferably extending through the aperture, lids, covering, ends, or sides of the
metallic casing which are closely sealed with insulating material either as a
permanent arrangement or by insulating packing pieces clamped or screwed into
position. In some cases I provide for separating the elements by slight projections
of insulating material extending froin or placed upon or between the plates
previously covered with the porous insulation so as to permit the free circulation
of the liquid. These plates may be of iron, lead, copper or other suitable metal or
they may be composed of carbon or iron sheets coated with lead or other suitable
metal or one of the plates may be formed of carbon and the other of metal or carbou
or coke granulated or moulded or compressed within moulds into molten lead with
or without such molten metal being mixed with some metal or substance which can
be extracted by chemical means heat or dissolution and such plates may be pro-
vided with apertures recesses or projections upon or within which the active agents
will be supported the porous insulation being subsequently applied. In some cases
I provide the plates or elements with coupling links alternatively through each
other or at their ends so as to provide for alternate sections of the positive and
negative elements being coupled in series. I also provide extensions for short
circuiting or coupling the sections at various points throughout the length of the
elements which may be employed the modifications necessary to accomplish this
being purely mechanical. I prefer however to always operate upon the length of
the element and sometimes for it with slits or cuts of a ziz-zaz form or in the
form of rings or discs or with an aperture or insulation in the centre so as to
prevent short circuiting across the element of 'the continuous elements so as to
provide for varying the resistance or in other words the conductivity of the
charging or discharging circuits as herein set forth. I carry these extensions
through insulation and protect them as before described; this arrangement is
also applicable when I employ boxes or chambers in which granulated or
pulverized materials are employed in fact any form of element can be so
combined. I may lead the terminals out at the sides of the chamber and from
opposite ends of the elements through the insulation and sides or through the
insulation solely and the elements may have their greatest length in a perpendiculur
or horizontal line or at an angle thereto or may be of curved corrugated or angular
i

page_text: form or at an angle to each other. I sometimes employ a structure or metallic
casing similar in appearance and in mounting upon the engine to an ordinary
locomotive boiler with insulation in the inner portion as described, with or without
the metal being coated with lead or other metal; the elements may extend length-
wise of the structure of cylindrical semi cylindrical flat corrugated or other form
superposed side by side or parallel and connected alternatively or continuously
through end plates or insulation or an insulating cap from which the terminals
extend to the switching devices for regulating the charging and dis-charging as
herein described or the elements may be arranged in two or more continuous coils
or rings or sections thereof like a series of discs or rings having their opposite ends
or sides connected alternatively or coupled in the usual manner; the interior
arrangements may be completed before putting them into the chamber and the
entire structure of elements can then be slipped into place and insulation poured
in so as to secure the same provision being made for contraction so as to prevent
loosening; this may be accomplished by one or more recesses dovetailed or
otherwise extending around the inner portion or at the ends or I may place one
element after the other in position and cement them in position one after the other
with the necessary insulation or separation preferably through the medium of
porous insulation. Or I sometimes provide the desired insulation by employing
thin sheets of perforated metal upon which I apply the poro is insulation. Or
reverse this construction and employ porous insulating sheets and deposit electri-
cally or otherwise the form of the element upon the opposite sides thereof first
coating the sides mechanically or otherwise with some material (carbonaceous or
otherwise) that has affinity for metal. Under such construction the elements are
brought in close proximity and without the possibility of short circuiting or the
failure of the insulation. Boxes having the form of discs or flat rings may be
employed for these elements and be fitted with metallic oxides or other suitable
material to provide for charging or revivifying when in the electrical circuit with
the source or. reserve. These elements may be forced and held firmly in position
against any end wise movement by an end piece provided with lugs which are
adapted to pass into recesses and be turned so as to grip a heavy flange so that
the end piece can be forced home against the packing. I also provide for bolting
this end piece through the flanges and I preferably employ a packing piece of
insulation between the elements and the end piece or covering.
In order to provide for the attachment of the conducting bars or coupling links
I sometimes provide openings at the top and bottom of the cylinder or chamber or
a channel through which I lead the conducting bars or terminals or provide for
their attachment or I may provide a detachable cap or cover for this purpose
which cap or cover may be removed at pleasure the conductors being carried back
through a channel under the same to the grouping box or system of circuit-makers
as berein described. Terminals may be secured at other parts in a similar manner
and be connected in parallel circuit or for short circuiting or in a continuous circuit
or in multiple series in the electrical translating circuit or in the main charging
circuit with or without other magazines in the circuit in one or more of the vehicles
or in the main charging circuit. I sometimes construct these magazines with the
elements plates sheets boxes or otherwise secured in cement or insulating materials
at their ends or upon all sides or packed in a somewhat similar manner in metal
casings having parallel sides as upon a tender or at the back of the driving
department or at the side of the motors in the same position relatively thereto and
of about the same form as the water tanks of steam locomotives. In the tank
provided with parallel sides with a detachable cover or covers at the top I sometimes
coat or cover the plates with porous insulating material on one side only and embed
these plates in insulation on their ends or edges and fill in between each set of
plates or in the boxes (with or without openings or porous sides) the active material
metal metallic oxides or salts or metallic substances in a granulated or porous
condition with or without being mixed with carbon or coke. I sometimes arrange
openings or.traps with suitable piping and valves below the elements so as to

page_text: provide for drawing off the liquids or removing the solution or material employed
and cleansing the elements or magazine by washing or otherwise by passing
suitable solutions through pipes leading thereto from the upper portion of the
elements; this arrangement can be made applicable for all these reservoirs and the
same devices may be adapted to regulate the force of the batteries according to the
height of the liquid which may be varied at will by forcing air into an expansible
vessel or chamber or bag placed in the liquid supply portion or pumping apparatus
which may be operated by hand or the air may be compressed in an independent
chamber through the medium of a pump driven from the axle and by means of
governing valves adapted to operate in the pipes between the air reservoir and
electric reservoir I can provide for increasing or decreasing the height of the liquid
by letting off the air which serves to vary the height of the column of liquid.
Instead of using a pump for forcing air a similar arrangement may be used for
pumping liquid into a reservoir which is adapted to be used in conjunction with an
electric reservoir through the medium of pipes and valves; these valves may be
combined with an electro magnetic device or speed governor so as to regulate the
force of the current in the discharging or charging circuit or both. This arrange-
ment is applicable for cut offs for stopping regulating or varying the consumption
of fuel steam or gas or the speed of shafts operated by compressed air water wind
or other means or for cutting out or putting in electric magazines in the charging
circuit and may be used as electric meters or governing devices at a generating
source or in derived circuits in an electrical system of distribution and may be
combined with the circuits through the medium of electro magnetic devices
combined in the circuits or derived circuits (charging or discharging or both) as
described with reference to other cut offs or regulating devices. The elements are
adapted to be in such close proximity that the amount of liquid displaced will be
very slight and the height of the liquid can be indicated by a gauge placed in the
driving department and as the force of the battery weakens the pressure can be
increased thereby increasing the surface and decreasing the resistance. In electro
chemical batteries I sometimes use independent plates placed between the charging
plates; in my batteries these plates or elements may be secured in position and
connected to the discharging circuit or these metal plates as before stated may be
perforated or porous and support porous insulation or be forined of porous insulating
material and coated with metal. The elements of the battery may be so formed
and the space between the opposite plates or surfaces may be filled with the
metallic oxides or metal in a finely divided state with or without being mixed with
carbon or coke or porous metallic plates for instance lead may be interposed between
these surfaces and in contact with them.
In the construction of electric magazines I sometimes employ granulated
materials and solutions separated by suitable metallic plates or tubes (porous or
perforated) which are coated with insulation or otherwise as before described so as
to support the active agents with or without the metal diaphragm a portion being
in action; these plates or supports of cylindrical or other form are insulated from
each other at the ends or edges and are connected continuously or otherwise with
the external circuit preferably as described and through the medium of a liquid
say mercury for instanc-. The inetal or material employed in the plates or con-
ductors within the active portions of the magazines is entirely dependent upon the
metallic oxides or material and solutions used. Iron may be employed with or
without being coated with lead and I may employ acid or alkaline solutions and I
sometimes employ the oxides of aluminium in combination with suitable conducting
material or plates and insulation or deposited or placed upon or between suitable
insulation as described. Magazines constructed as herein described are applicable
for all purposes in an electrical system of distribution as well as for use in the
equipment of portable objects or systems.
A similar construction of magazines is suitable for the storage of electric energy
through the medium of gas evolved electrically or otherwise and the elements may
be connected alternatively as herein described or one chamber may be arranged

page_text: above the other or inside of it and the terininals in the discharging circuit may be
led therefrom through insulated caps which I preferably form somewhat conical so
as to provide or fit into counter sunk recesses and make a tight joint adapted to
resist the pressure of the gas from within the chambers. These boxes or chambers
may be of such a form as to be adapted for use in the construction of the magazines
herein specially provided for, the pipes for the introduction of the gases into the
convertors or recomposing chamber being led from the main reservoirs to the lower
portion of the convertors. The extensions or terminals consisting of any suitable
material metal sheets or porous plates with or without being in a fragmentary or
granulated state and with or without being mixed with or coated with carbon or
coke granulated or otherwise are packed into these chambers and the terminals
extend to the generating or developing sources (when on the engine or portable
portion of the electric system) so as to provide for being placed in the electric
circuit automatically or otherwise through the medium of the circuit making
devices upon the engine with or without utilizing one or more of the rails and
wheels of the vehicles; other terminals or extensions extend to the circuit making
devices or external circuit. This second set of terminals is adapted to provide for
the development of the current in the external circuit containing the motors and
the electric regulating devices or utilizing devices as herein described. I sometimes
employ a metallic framing (preferably perforated) in the construction of these
boxes chambers or elements and embed them in insulation and provide pipes from
the decomposing chamber (such pipes being covered with lead and an insulating
coating vitreous or otherwise) which pipes are connected at the bottom of the
convertor to admit the gases to their respective chambers. I connect the elements
in the circuit either alternately or continuously as herein described. The elements
are supported in the outer metallic frames from which they are insulated by
pouring in suitable insulating material or otherwise as herein described. One or
more sets of pipes extend from these convertors to an automatic cut off or safety
valve which cuts out the main holder or the main charging circuit the pressure
being indicated upon a dial or by a pressure gauge or by an electric aların or both.
In some cases I provide for working from the main holders or convertors
constructed to develop less force than that desired in the discharging circuit or
circuits. In order to accomplish this I employ condensors or induction devices
with or without magnetic cores or elements or current transforming devices as
herein described.
The pressure-gauge or cut off device for the magazines whatever may be its
character or the current regulator or convertors in which the conductivity of the
circuit is regulated or varied with or without a multiple of conductors or any
combination of them may be combined with the speed governors or regulators
and with the main charging circuit along the rails. The contact piece or wheel
which I preferably form with a curved face or of any other suitable shape is
adapted to fit into a correspondingly shaped contact plate running lengthwise of
the track with or without liquid therein and I sometimes employ a reservoir
containing the liquid in such portion of the circuit with a cut off or valve
automatically or otherwise operative so as to prevent an excess of liquid in the
circuit and thereby prevent short circuiting. In the construction of these magazines
the main portion may be upon the tender and the converting and regulating
devices be placed upon the engine together with a reserve and the two magazines
may be adapted to operate in the discharging circuits together in series or
continuous circuit from the motor or other discharging circuits therefrom or either
one may be employed independently of the other with or without accumulating or
induction devices for regulating the force of the current in one or more of the
circuits in the electrical equipment of the engine vehicle or train. I provide
magazines similar in construction secured to suitable supports under or in con-
nection with each vehicle so as to connect them with the main charging circuit or
circuits and with these respective circuits containing the translating devices I
provide for charging and discharging these magazines in groups or pairs or as gas
a

page_text: magazines with low or high force currents with or without interfering with the
discharging or translating circuits. In order to secure such magazines firmly in
position I provide suitable chambers of metal which are secured to the framework
of the vehicles through the medium of lugs and screws bolts and nuts or rivets
so that when attached they will constitute a permanent fixture to the vehicle.
Through these boxes or through the floor or lower part of the frame of the
vehicles I pass tight fitting plangers or cones which are adapted to slide or move
or be screwed into tight fitting cups suitably insulated' into which cups the
conductors from the latter terminate preferably through the medium of liquid in
the circuit as before described I sometimes employ an elastic insulating packing
between the cups and the plunger; by this means I am enabled in all cases to
ensure a proper contact. The outer casings or boxes of the electric magazine or
some parts thereof are adapted to exactly fit into the case or receiver provided for
the same so that it will be impossible for the magazines to move when in use and
to further ensure this result the door or opening which is at the end of the outer
casing and which is preferably on one side of the vehicle is when being closed
adapted to force inclined pieces or wedges over or around the magazine and
between the same and the casing with or without the employment of an
independent spring or weight lock. I sometimes so arrange such magazines within
their enclosing case or chamber that except at the will of an operator and with the
door opened it will be impossible to remove a magazine or magazines. I also
provide locks and keys for controlling the access to the magazines and to the
circuit plungers herein described. The arrangement of circuit-plungers and contacts
is applicable in all the fittings of the train and may be compounded. When I wish
to take off several circuits or make independent connections the conductors for
the elements of the magazine extend through the insulation and casing and I
provide a cup cups or recesses into which the plungers are adapted to operate as
set forth.
It will be understood from the foregoing description with reference to varying
the conductivity of the electrical circuit that I employ either a multiple of
conductors or branches in the main electrical circuit or derived circuits therefrom
with devices in parallel circuit multiple series or series as may be desired. Or I
provide for an equivalent result by varying the conductivity of the electrical circuit
by varying the volume or quantity or height of a liquid or a combination of liquids
(metallic or good conducting with or without an insulating liquid for covering the
good conductor or series of them or with an insulating or bad conducting liquid)
and varying to a mathematical correctness the surface of the conducting material
in the electrical circuit adapted to be operative or controlled by thermo or magneto
electric devices or otherwise dependent upon the consumption or conservation or
utilization of electric energy or the electric potential in the derived circuits with or
without accumulating or storing devices in such circuits or in the main electrical
circuits supplied directly from the generating source (dynamo or magneto-electric)
operated by gas-engines steam-engines water or wind engines or motors or
otherwise or from accumulating conserving or converting devices other than or in
combination with the generating source or from the reserves of electric energy. I
sometimes employ such devices for regulating the generative capacity of the
generators of a dynamo or magneto electric machine or a series of them with the
devices coupled in parallel circuit multiple series or series in the main external
circuit or in a derived or shunt circuit therefrom in which is included the coils of
the field magnets either coupled in multiple series or parallel circuit or series or
capable of being automatically changed from one to the other dependent upon the
force of the current or the resistance of the external circuit or for varying the
conductivity of the electrical circuit including the coils element or elements of the
armature or field magnet or magnets of the generating machine machines or
sections thereof coupled for high or low force currents or in a continuous circuit
with or without the reversal of the current one or more times during each revolu-
tion by the employment of a multiple of branches of greater or less conductivity

page_text: independently or collectively so as to provide for injecting into or ejecting from or
short circuiting or interrupting the sections or parts from the circuit so as to
provide for varying the conductivity of such portions of the circuit and with or
without altering the connections of such circuit from series to multiple series or
parallel circuit or vice versa automatically or otherwise or for decreasing the length
of such portion of the circuit partially or entirely as the resistance in the external
circuit may be varied through the derived circuits in the parallel circuit with
return by earth or the reverse or by an insulated circuit. This method of short
circuiting for charging or discharging conductors is applicable for converting the
current from high force to low force or vice versa through the medium of any kind
of converter or electric potential transformer reducer or regulator and is well suited
for induction devices condensers accumulators or electric magazines electro chemical
or gas batteries or otherwise and through the medium of the regulating devices or
switching devices and liquid in the circuits it is practicable to utilize and regulate
currents of any force and to provide for the utilization of currents of any potential
or tension or to vary the tension as may be desired even from the same accumu-
lating storing or converting devices either from the generator or developer or the
transformer or regulator at any portion of an electrical circuit for instance if an
accumulator or battery or condensor or induction coils or a combination of them
is coupled in series or connected continuously by leading off from any portion
of such devices a derived circuit of less conductivity than would be required to
discharge such part in a given time independent currents may be developed in the
external circuits and the difference in the force of the currents will be in proportion
to the difference of surface or the number of elements in series or the length or
resistance in such different circuits. In so constructing motors machines or devices
as to provide for such method of working I employ a multiple of branches leading
into the same or main circuit element or coil and each set of magnets is connected
with the main circuit by common conductors or a series of them and through the
medium of the circuit making or regulating devices with or without being combined
with a speed regulator indicator or controller mechanically electrically or otherwise
and the electric connections either of a loop or derived circuit in parallel circuit
multiple arc or multiple series and with or without being combined with devices
or means for storing energy in one or more of the circuits adapted to have their
internal resistance varied by such means. I sometimes combine the multiple of
circuits with a circuit controlling or switching device or devices operated either
entirely or partially by hand with or without being combined with a speed regulator
or governor (electric or otherwise) so as to provide for placing the armature or field
magnets or both of an electric motor or a series of them in the electrical circuit
either in series parallel circuit or multiple series either with the main electrical
circuit directly or through the medium of a derived or branch circuit insulated
partly or entirely with return by earth or the reverse with or without accumu-
lating storing or converting devices in the circuit thereto from the developing
source and with or without other means in the circuit for varying the conductivity
or resistance in such circuit at the generating source or elsewhere. By this means
I am enabled to connect the elements of the machine or storing device or a series.
of them with the electrical circuit either in series or in multiple are or series
automatically or otherwise or both through the medium of the compound circuit-
maker and circuits in the electrical circuit of the stationary portion or in the
equipment of tram cars engines trains or other portable objects with or without
automatic cut offs to prevent the backward flow of the current by the pressure of
gas the height of liquid, springs, weights, heat, electrically or any combination of
such means in the circuits or derived circuits from the main charging circuits or
the discharging circuits or between the stationary and portable circuits of the
system or in the circuits adapted to be combined with one or more motors or
sections of one or more motors connected in series or parallel or multiple circuit
with or without the employment of a liquid in the circuit as described.
In some cases. I maintain the circuit making or regulating device or cut off in its.

page_text: normal position by means of a spring, weight, float, or collapsible medium combined
with a stop so that a minimum conductivity is maintained in the circuit. In all
cases when suitably adjusted the circuit-maker will be automatically adjusted in
exact accordance with the resistance in the discharging or external circuit or in
accordance with the speed of the shaft or the current developed or transmitted
in the main circuit or derived circuit or an independent circuit which represents a
certain portion or relation to the main circuit or the force or consumption or con-
Bervation in such circuit. By these means the automatic circuit-makers and the
current passing will be controlled (as would otherwise be impossible) as the solenoid
or other devices combined with the circuit-maker will operate upon the core
armature or part in proportion to the resistance in the circuit and thereby regulate
or vary the conductivity of such circuit. I prefer to employ independent circuits
for the motors or devices in which there are wide variations in the work being
done and regulate such circuits in a similar manner and such device is an efficient
governor for a motor and can be adapted to be operative by a current developed by
the rotation or movement of the motor either from a suitably wound coil or coils
or inductors of the armaturo or a miniature generator mounted upon the shaft of
the motor for instance a metal disc or a continuous coil may be employed with
suitably arranged pole pieces as electro magnets or permanent magnets and with or
without commutators as I may employ the well known form of disc machine with
a sharp cutting periphery with the developing element connected in the circuit
through the medium of mercury or a liquid and sometimes cover or surround the
wheel with a shield which will prevent loss by the centrifugal force; and I employ
a somewhat similar arrangement on or in connection with the axle for the purpose
of regulating the speed of a motor. I prefer to employ permanent magnets or
include the magnets in a derived circuit from the main. The current developed by
such device or portion of the circuit leads to the switching device electro-
magnetically thermo-electrically or otherwise operated so as to provide for varying
the conductivity of the main circuit or for interrupting and completing such circuit
or for varying the conductivity or resistance of the converting device in the
charging and discharging circuit irrespective of the force of the current developed
by the generator or source. The regulating device for a derived circuit can have
the multiple conductors connected at their ends to one of the derived circuits or
conductors of a multiple are or other circuit and by the employment of a liquid
as before stated or a series of insulated contacts and a plunger or rotating piece
having an armature or core with or without being mounted upon a lever or rocking
beam so as to be adapted to be held in position by a spring or weight and be
operated by a solenoid or magnet or a series of them which are combined in the
external circuit of the derived translating working or dis-charging circuit of one or
both branches in such a manner as to regulate the current passing through the
circuit and to reduce the force of the current in the discharging or working circuits
or to regulate the current in the circuit to meet the variations or fluctuations of
consumption transmission or development by the action of the current through the
medium of the armature core or other means which is depressed or elevated thereby
so as to vary the height of the liquid by varying the resistance the multiple of
conductors in the circuit or the volume of liquid.
I combine with a main or generator circuit a series of accumulating storing
converting and regulating devices charged in series or otherwise therefrom with a
current of high tension and reduce or vary the force of the current in separate
translation circuits by the employment of automatic switching devices controlled
by pumping compressing liquid air or gases or by the evolution of gas iu one or
more cylinders provided with one or more pistons valves or cut offs and with or
without a spring or weight for actuating in one direction a circuit for firing the
gas evolved upon a definite accumulation so as to provide for regulating the force
of the current in the discharging circuits suited to the translating or utilizing
devices in such circuits through the medium of accumulating storing or converting
devices which are by such means alternatively or consecutively thrown into the

page_text: main and translating circuits or such actuating devices can be combined with
recording devices for registering and measuring the current. By such means the
force of the current from a generator or source of electricity does not affect electric
lamps, motors or other translating devices as the accumulating storing or converting
devices and the devices for alternatively or consecutively charging and discharging
are affected by the current in the same relation proportionately I thereby control
the movement of the devices for alternately or consecutively making the connection,
with the generator or source of electricity and reducing the force of the current in
the translating or discharging circuits.
In such a system of electrical distribution the electrical generating devices
electric lamps motors or other translating devices may all be arranged in an
insulated circuit of multiple arc with or without utilizing the earth as a portion of.
the main circuit as return or the reverse and with or without utilizing partially
an uninsulated circuit as a portion of the translating or discharging circuit in
which accumulating storing or converting devices are consecutively alternatively
or intermittently thrown into the charging and discharging circuits through the
medium of the switching devices controlled by electro magnetic or suitable device.
or devices adapted to be operated in proportion to the consumption in the circuit
or otherwise the accumulating or storing devices being combined or connected in
the charging and discharging circuit through the medium of conductors of suitable
conductivity to regulate the current charged and discharged or in other words to
vary the resistance or conductivity in the charging and discharging circuits or the
number of elements coupled in series or the length of the element charged or to
short circuit same at one or more points when working into the discharging circuit
through the medium of the switching or commutating devices.
I sometimes combine lamps motors or other translating devices with the supply
circuit of high force through the medium of reservoirs condensers induction or
accumulating devices whose elements or parts are alternatively consecutively or
intermittently placed in the charging and discharging circuits through the medium.
of a derived circuit which limits the current and a switching or commutating
device baving electrical connections and including electro magnetic devices for.
altering the circuits by short circuiting or otherwise through a multiple series
circuit so as to vary the force of the current from high to low force or vice
versa.
I sometimes employ are semi-incandescent or incandescent lamps or any of them
in series for special uses. I regulate the force of the current in such circuits by.
varying the conductivity as herein provided for through the medium of short
circuiting devices and eléctrical circuits suited for so operating for transforming.
tension to quantity or vice versa with or without alternating the current the lamps
may be arranged in multiple arc or multiple series and the force of the current can
be varied or regulated by short circuiting by a multiple of circuits the elements or
length or surface with or without the employment of a liquid or a combination of
liquid in the circuit as herein described or for increasing or varying the number
of the elements in the series or charging or discharging circuit or the carrying
capacity or conductivity of the circuit through the medium of the circuit making
device with or without a multiple of conductors or with or without a liquid or a
combination of them in the circuit adapted to provide for varying the conductivity.
of such portion of the circuit between the high tension portion of the circuit and
the reduced tension through the medium of electro magnetic devices as herein
provided for. I combine with these regulating devices or means of working the
cut offs to the steam cylinders gas cylinders or fuel supply gas or liquid or the
dampers for the admission of air with the electro magnetic or other devices as
herein provided for indicating the conservation of energy and the conductivity of
the circuit so as to obviate waste of fuel or power.
I sometimes employ for regulating or varying the force of the current or for:
regulating or varying the resistance or conductivity in an electric circuit a con-.
tinuous conductor lapped or folded backwards and forwards alternatively or in the,

page_text: form of a coil each coil or fold being insulated from each other and arranged
parallel or at an angle to each other and at right angles or at an angle to a vertical
axis and I sometimes employ a series of these arranged upon a movable piece or
plunger or upon a stationary part so that the greatest length of the conductor will
represent the greatest resistance And I employ mercury or the liquid conductor
with or without insulating liquid as a covering and adapted to be operated in the
electrical circuit by decreasing or increasing the height of the liquid and increasing
or decreasing the conductivity of the circuit as before stated.
I sometimes employ a conducting surface. or a multiple of them of a film of
metal upon insulation in the form of a V so that the point of the conductor will
represent the minimum conductivity of the circuit and the resistance will become
decreased in proportion as the height of the column of liquid is increased.
I sometimes provide a series of these with a plunger or displacer of insulating
material between them and adapted to provide for varying the height of the
liquid In some cases such conductors connected with the discharging circuit is
made of increased conductivity in proportion as I wish to decrease the force of the
current in the discharging circuit.
I preferably form these conductors for use in such portions of the circuit by
depositing electrically or otherwise or embedding the same in recesses formed upon
insulating material which forms the walls. of the chamber in which the liquid ig
placed. Or such conductors may be built up or formed on detachable plates
adapted to fit into such chambers.
In order to provide efficient means for short circuiting the current. in case of
undue pressure in the branches I employ a liquid for instance mercury covered
with insulating liquid as before stated which is placed in a box in which the
conductors of the derived circuit terminate through the insulation. I fit a piston
or float which has combined with it a rocking lever suitably supported and
weighted to the derived circuit. The other arm of the lever carries a pointed
contact maker which is suspended by the rocking beam over a mercurial cup or
liquid which is connected with the return portion of the electrical circuit or main
conductor. The amount of the mercury in the main derived circuit represents
the conductivity or slightly less than the conductivity of such circuit or the maxi-
mum current designed to be passed through such circuit. In case there shall be
any excess or undue pressure in such circuit the liquid will be expanded and
thereby raise the float in proportion to such expansion and short circuit the
current.
. I preferably enclose the liquid in the main circuit in a tube having a projecting
arm (in which the float or piston fits) of sufficient height to provide for any
possible expansion of the liquid.
Or the circuit may be completed from or upon some predetermined rise of the
liquid an electro magnet may be thrown into the circuit which will actuate an
armature for short circuiting or interrupting the flow of the current in the derived
or main circuit or the rising and lowering of the liquid can provide for completing
and interrupting the circuit through a fixed connection or a series extending or in
suitable proximity to the chamber containing the liquid. I preferably employ a
multiple of conductor or a pointed piece of platinum or iron or other metal coated
with platinum silver copper or an alloy.
These portions of the circuit either in parallel multiple arc or series are arranged
in suitable insulation with or without metallic casing or box for joining with
tubular or other sections by screw couplings or otherwise which are preferably so
formed as to provide for forcing in insulation heated or under pressure.
I sometimes employ for main conductors copper or other suitable metal bars
wires or tubes which are placed in iron casing tubes or boxes with suitable vitreous
or other insulating material and I coat or cover the outer casing with a metal or.
alloy of better conductivity than iron, say copper and with or without employing
a protecting or inoxidizable coating thereon and I sometimes provide projections
or arms therefrom (which may also be coated with metal or metallic alloy to.

page_text: prevent oxidation) to provide for extending into the earth portion of the circuit,
these projections or arms may extend for some distance therefrom, or be connected
with water channels water gas pipes railway tracks in order to provide for
reducing the resistance to the derived circuits which the translating or utilizing
devices are connected in multiple are multiple series or loops in series with or
without acccumulating conserving and regulating electric potential converting or
transforming devices with or without devices or means in the stationary and
portable portions of the system to provide for the conservation of power in the
form of electric energy and devices and means to provide for regulating con-
verting or varying the electric potential as may be desired for any use
application from current transformers regulators parts or sections thereof.
or
When utilizing natural force such as the wind, tide, the heat of the sun, the force
or fall of water, I provide means to regulate the development of the current by the
conservation or accumulation of the power in the form of electric energy so as to
cut the generator or series out of the circuit by float or valve pumping or com-
pressing devices and in combination with the shaft of the wind motor, I employ
a weighted governor which will regulate and vary the position of the blades of the
motor dependent upon the speed of the electric generator or the speed of the wind.
The angle or position of a parabolic reflector may be varied and regulated in some-
what similar manner through the medium of a second reflector or part combined
with the main electrically or mechanically in fact any means which provides for
converting and utilizing such power may be utilized for varying the position of
such devices dependent upon the heat evolved for instance through the medium of
a liquid column and a float or piston which is combined with the reflector the
position will be regulated dependent upon the heat concentrated by making the
normal position of the reflector so as to be suited to the position the sun occupies
relatively to device in the morning and the temperature to be imparted thereby
the reflector will be automatically regulated or it can be operated by time
mechanism. I prefer however to form the reflector and chamber containing liquid
which is of glass or metal so that the heat will be utilized through the medium of.
such liquid either by the generation of steam and the utilization of the steam for
motive power to drive dynamo or magneto electro machines or by the conversion
of the heat through the medium of the liquid diffuser and thermo electric elements
which are preferably coupled with an accumulating or transforming device or series
of them of low internal resistance through the medium of a commutating or
switching device adapted to alternatively or consecutively place the elements of
such device in the charging and discharging circuits with or without other con-
verting conserving or transforming devices to operate as current transformers or
transmitters at the developing source or stations or in the derived discharging or
working circuits switching circuit making devices and devices for varying the
conductivity of the circuits derived or main or both being, employed as herein
provided for in the circuits provided with translating devices with return by earth
or the reverse with or without devices or means to make the translating devices
in the discharging or working circuits independently of the generating and storing
devices or either of them for a given time and for utilization in portable systems
or devices equipped with electrical circuits and devices for the translation of
electric energy into light heat motive power or the purposes of traction over fixed
electrical circuits or sections or to or from fixed points or places the devices being
coupled in multiple arc parallel circuit or series or any combination of such circuits.
I sometimes provide for the circulation and diffusion of the liquid and the
regulation of the temperature of the elements and the conservation of energy by
employment of a series of pipes connected to a vertical pipe each of these pipes
lead to a return pipe connected with the heating chamber in the circuit of the
liquid in which the thermo electric elements or series of them can be placed so as
to provide for the development of an electric current in an external circuit or
circuits of low resistance in which the accumulating conserving or converting

page_text: devices are adapted to operate as will be understood from the foregoing
description.
The variation in the volume of liquid may provide for varying the number of
conserving devices in the electric circuit or for decreasing or stopping the
generation of the currents by employing a shade or governor whose position is
electro magnetically or otherwise controlled so as to reduce or vary the surface
exposed to the action of the sun the devices described for cutting the conserving
devices out of the charging circuit or for regulating the charging and discharging
.circuit or measuring the energy stored or conserved or for proportioning the
generation to the consumption or for regulating the electric potential or pressure
in the circuits can be combined with the devices for varying the surface exposed
such surface may consist of a series of suitably formed lenses so as to provide for
the concentration or focussing of the rays so as to heat the chamber containing the
liquid. These devices may be supported upon a frame whose position is controlled
by time mechanism or by the height or column of the liquid or otherwise as herein
provided for or stopping or regulating the development or conservation of the
electric currents.
I employ these improvements for the distribution of electric energy for light
heat or motive power and for operating electrical railways or in the equipment of
waggons vehicles engines or trains or other portable objects adapted to be operated
over fixed or determined lines or from fixed or determined points or places such as
hoists elevators or vessels or torpedoes operated through the agency of electric
currents electric motor or motors connected or combined with a shaft axle or series
of them either directly or through the medium of gearing frictional or otherwise
for communicating motion to shaft for driving or propelling a vehicle train or object
over a circuit metallic or partially metallic with or without accumulating storing or
converting current transforming or regulating devices upon one or more of the
waggons vehicles or trains and with or without devices or means in the circuit of the
stationary portion of the electrical circuit to reduce convert or transform the force
of the current or electric potential in the devices or means or working circuits
forming part of the electrical equipments of the waggon vehicle train or other portable
object or a series of them adapted to utilize electric energy for light heat motive power
brake power independently or collectively through the medium of electrical circuits
and suitable translating regulating or converting and conserving devices with the
devices or means employed as herein set forth or in combination with the devices
means or methods of working apparatus or combinations as set forth in the Speci-
fications of the following Letters Patent namely N° 5233 dated November 30th A.D.
1881 N° 5742 December 31 A.D. 1881. N° 85 dated January 6th AD 1882 N° 224
dated January 16th A.D. 1882. N° 700 dated February 13th 1882. N° 766.
February 16th 1882 N° 856 February 22nd 1882 N° 1174 March 10th 1882.
N° 1556 March 30th 1882 N° 2558 May 30th 1882. 4034 August 22nd 1882.
and January 1** 1883 N° 24 or any combination of them.
In the Specifications of former Letters Patent granted to me or on my behalf
I have described methods or means whereby I provide for decreasing the amount
of metal employed in the main electric circuit or circuits by the accumulation of
power at fixed points or places in an electrical system of distribution and also for
further reducing the cost of an electrical system by providing for the transmission
of currents of high potential through the main conductors or circuits indicated in
the accompanying drawings by the reference letter a and reducing and regulating
the force of the currents in the translating or discharging circuits indicated in the
accompanying drawings by the reference letter b or to regulate and vary the
pressure tension or electro motive force of a current or currents in the circuits
a or b or any combination of circuits of supply and translation in which branches
or derived circuits are employed as desired for any or all purposes for instance for
utilization through the medium of incandescent lamps 1 arc lamps 2 electric
motors 3 electric heaters 4 adapted to operate with currents of lower resistance in

page_text: .
the derived circuits b than in the main circuits a in which the. devices for
translating electric energy are coupled in parallel circuit either in series or
multiple arc or in series or with translating devices either for utilizing continuous
or alternating currents of high internal resistance placed in derived circuits or
loops b from the main circuit in series or in derived parallel circuits with or
without devices or means c for accumulating or storing electric energy in the
derived circuits b at a distance from the generating station a* or main reserve a¹
with devices or means 5 for regulating or varying the electric potential in the
derived circuits b or in both the main and derived circuits a and b. By such
means I am enabled to utilize electric currents with safety and for any purpose or
application. By such methods of working it is not only possible but practicable
to utilize any power however distant and to transmit through the electrical
circuit, a the energy or power converted with any speed pressure or tension
thereby utilizing the capital expenditure to the best advantage and rendering it
more economical to convey through the electrical circuits a and b to cities towns
or villages along the railway lines or elsewhere the power obtainable from the
conversion of coal natural forces or otherwise than otherwise possible.
In carrying my invention into practice I provide various devices for regulating
or varying the electric potential and rendering the discharging circuits b independent
of the main circuits a and for making the utilization of electric energy throughout
the system or on portable parts of the system, for the operation of vehicles on
railways tramways or along railway lines or over or from fixed electrical circuits
independent of the main electrical circuit or circuits a or the generator a* or both
the generating source a* and main reserve a¹ for a given time and my improvements
are designed especially to be used in such a system or with such a method of
working or means employed therein or therefor. At the various houses works
buildings stations or places along a railway or throughout a city town district or
elsewhere the translating devices are adapted to be supplied and operated in the
discharging or working circuits b (independent or otherwise) which are supplied
from the main circuit a the translating or working resistances being adapted to
operate in such derived branch or sub-branch circuits in series or multiple arc or
multiple series circuit or any combination of such circuits b with insulated or
partially-insulated circuits a with returns by earth or the reverse.
In order to obviate loss or waste of energy I employ cut offs d automatically or
otherwise operated to make and break the charging circuit a or both the charging
circuit a and the discharging circuit 6 consecutively alternately or simultaneously
or otherwise in such a manner as to provide for maintaining a supply of energy
in the working translating or discharging circuit or circuits b, the conservation or
accumulation of energy and the force of the current or currents in such circuit or
circuits 6 being regulated varied or suited to the translating device or devices 1, 2,
3, 4 in operation therein (in series parallel circuit or otherwise) or the conservation
or discharge of energy in or from such circuits 6 with or without varying the
pressure or electric potential in the main conductor or conductors a or charging and
discharging circuits or independent discharging circuits. In order to provide for such
a result the derived loop or other circuits 6 extending from the main circuit a to
supply the translating devices or working resistances in such working or discharging
circuit or circuits b (with or without accumulators electric magazines induction or
similar conserving or storing devices c or a combination of them) are of such
proportions or capacity as to provide for sub-dividing the current and conducting
it as required into the various branches or circuits b so as to supply the various
devices adapted to operate in independent circuits 6 through the medium of
accumulating conserving or storing devices c or otherwise. That is to say the
conductivity of the branch 6 is in accordance with the maximum units of electric
energy required in the circuit b during a certain period or at any given time and
the conductivity of this brauch b may be decreased or varied in accordance with
the conservation of energy in such circuit and such circuit can have a fixed
conductivity or a variable conductivity dependent upon the conservation accumu

page_text: lation or utilization of energy in such circuit b and according to the pressure or
electric potential in the main a which as before stated may be variable and
dependent upon the units of energy desired to be transmitted through the circuit for
instance if the ordinary working pressure should be 10,000 Volts through an electric
circuit conveying at such pressure 1000 horse power of energy into the translating
or discharging circuits b (with or without accumulating or converting devices c
adapted to make the translating working or discharging circuits b independent of
the main circuit or circuits a for a given time or intermittently alternatively or
consecutively either automatically or otherwise) by the employment of the devices
or means 5 in the discharging circuits b for varying the conductivity or sectional
area of a portion of such circuits it is practicable, (the main circuit or circuits a,
being suitably insulated either partially or entirely,) to increase the units of energy
transmitted through the main electrical circuit or circuits a to any extent to which
the insulation will permit I therefore construct my electrical conductors a insulated
or partially insulated with return by earth or the reverse or or so as to provide an
insulated circuit with the derived loop or branch circuit having translating devices
or working resistances connected in multiple arc multiple series or series and I
provide the necessary maximum insulation upon such main circuit or circuits a
or portions thereof and the branch or derived circuit 6 or portions thereof through
which the high tension current or currents are transmitted or designed to be
transmitted. The derived circuit circuits or branches b may consist of a single
or multiple conductor whose conductivity or the number of individal branches
or terminals will be regulated through the medium of the device 5
A single conductor or a multiple of conductors or branches of varied or uniform
conductivity represents the conductivity in such portion of the circuit so as to
provide for conveying and limiting the units of energy diverted from the main
circuit a at each branch or derived circuit or feeder 6 and in order to provide
for reducing regulating or varying the force in the discharging or working
circuits 6 irrespective of the force or dependent upon the force tension or electric
potential in the main circuit a and dependent upon the number of lamps 1, 2
heaters 4 motors 3 or other translating devices in or out of operation and with or
without other converting accumulating storing or regulating devices c such as
accumulating or induction devices electro chemical gas batteries or magazines or a
combination of them with switching or commutating devices d combined with
electro magnetic devices adapted to provide for the storage of energy or for the
transformation of alternating into continuous currents or vice versa or to provide
for the distribution or continuous or alternating currents in the same system as
may be desired.
The translating devices or working resistances 1, 2, 3, 4 are connected in the
working or discharging circuits 6 so as to provide for translating (into light heat
or motive power or for other purposes) electric currents supplied from the main
electrical circuit or circuits a and derived circuits or branches therefrom so as to
constitute multiple are multiple series or series circuit with or without utilizing
the earth or a partially uninsulated circuit as a portion of such circuit or one or
more of the circuits (with or without the employment of conserving or accumu-
lating or current transforming devices adapted to render the discharging or working
circuit or circuits b independent of the charging circuit or circuits for a given
time) the supply of the current to such discharging or working circuits 6 or to the
transiating devices or working resistances 1, 2, 3, 4 being regulated through the
medium of the device 5 provided with a series of conductors or the equivalent
thereof and adapted to operate so as to provide for conducting the currents into
the working or translating circuits band for varying or stopping the supply
dependent upon the consumption in the circuits b at different houses or works or
translating devices or groups of them. The construction and arrangement of such
device 5 adapted to form a portion of the circuit is such as to provide for varying
the current passing and the potential in such circuit or circuits 6 by decreasing
the carrying capacity or conductivity of such portion of the circuit or circuits

page_text: automatically dependent upon the conservation accumulation or consumption of
energy in such circuit or circuits b. It is necessary as is well known to limit or
vary the supply in such circuits and this may be regulated by resistances adapted
to be rendered operative in the circuits through the medium of the translating
devices themselves or through the medium of accumulating or storing devices Bо
that the supply in the discharging or working circuits b will be controlled by the
resistance in such circuits dependent upon the resistance in the derived or loop
circuits therefrom in which the translating devices 1, 2, 3, 4 are adapted to operate
(with or without accumulating storing condensing or induction devices c being
einployed therein as converters or regulators of potential)
In carrying into practice this portion of my invention relating to the regulation
of the force of the current in the discharging or working circuits and the variation
of the force in the discharging or working circuits I employ the improvements
described in the specifications of the former Letters Patent herein referred to, I
provide for regulating and varying the tension of the current by the employment
of conductors or channels provided with increasing or decreasing sections with a
minimum of conductivity in the circuit 6 between the translating devices 1, 2, 3, 4
and the main charging circuit a. The conductivity of such portion of the circuit
at 5 provides for conveying the necessary supply of energy into the translating or
working circuit b or to the accumulating or converting devices c and for regulating
the supply and tension of the current transmitted from the main charging
circuit a into the circuits b, irrespective of the difference of the electric potential
between the inain circuit a and the working or dis-charging circuits b.
In the Specifications of some of the said former Letters Patent I provided for
increasing the conductivity of the discharging and working circuits b or in other
words decreasing the resistance and making the dis-charging or working circuits b
practically independent of the main charging circuits a and in the Specification of
my Letters Patent N° 24 A.D 1883, I have provided for varying the conductivity
in the derived loop or branch circuits with or without the employment of devices c
for accumulating or storing energy in the dis-charging or working circuits b.
In order to effectually accomplish these results I sometimes provide a series of
conductors or branches 6 forming part of the device 5 as herein more fully described
each of which or one of which represents a fraction or the minimum consumption
of energy in such translating circuits 6 or the maximum consumption possible
through one of the translating devices or working resistances in such circuits b
employed or designed to be employed in the translating, or working circuit or
circuits b. The conductivity of the derived branch or loop circuit through the
device 5 from the main circuit a to the series of branches or sections 6 of such
circuit b is such as to provide for conducting the maximum supply of current
through the translating circuit or circuits b. When all the translating devices in
such circuit or circuits 6 shall be in operation providing the force of the current
or the electric potential in the main circuit shall not be below some predetermined
standard which is preferably of high potential and thereby provides a certain
supply and for reducing the sectional area or weight of metal employed in the
length of the main electrical circuit. In the circuit extending from the branches
or sections 6 I can employ a conductor or conductors having a greater amount of
metal in a given length or of such section as to provide for offering less resistance
to the passage of the current through the portion of the circuit leading from the
device 5 to the translating device or devices than an equivalent length of the
portion of the circuit to or formed through the medium of such device. A conductor
or conductors may be led from the device 5 or conductor 6 to each translating or
other device for utilizing or conserving or accumulating electric energy or a single
multiple are parallel circuit or a series of circuits may be employed from which
derived or loop circuits are carried in which the translating devices or the
conserving or accumulating devices c are adapted to operate or a combination of them.
Where independent circuits are employed leading from the device 5 and adapted
to operate in conjunction with the branches or sections 6 by making the carrying

page_text: capacity of the section of the conductor of a conductivity suited to supply the
current necessary for each translating device or other apparatus the resistance in
the circuit b will be regulated through the medium of the device adapted to operate
in such circuit as the section or conductivity of the regulating portion of the circuit
is decreased in proportion as the force of the current from the main charging
circuit a is to be reduced in the dis-charging circuit 6 but I prefer to employ a
circuit making device which is combined with an electro magnetic or other
device as at 5 so as to operate automatically and be adjustable for the purpose
intended. This circuit making or regulating device 5 may consist of conical
spherical or other suitably formed plunger or movable part 7 of conducting or
non-conducting material or of both conducting and non-conducting. material and
of a single conductor 8 or of a series of conductors 6 the series of conductors
being insulated from each other so as to form part of the discharging or working
circuit b to or from the regulating portion of the circuit forming part of the
device 5 so that the current will operate upon a magnet or solenoid 5 or an electro
magnetic or electric translating device which is combined with means adapted to
provide for varying the conductivity of the circuit through the device 5 in
accordance with the variation of resistance or the consumption of or utilization of
energy in the circuits b through the medium of the translating devices or working
resistances adapted to be supplied therefrom or operate therein with or without
devices or means in such circuit for accumulating conserving or storing electric
energy. Instead of forming the branches or series of conductors 6 upon or with
the movable piece being insulated from each other they may terminate in proximity
to the plunger or circuit making device 7 or be adapted to be included in the
electrical circuit 6 consecutively through the medium of such device 5 dependent
upon the number of translating or conserving devices or the consumption utilization
or dis-charge of energy in or from the working or discharging circuit b. I some-
times employ a series of these devices mounted upon a rocking beam or shaft 9 so
as to constitute a compound circuit maker electrically or otherwise operative for
reversing the current through an electrical circuit or for cutting an accumulating
or converting device out of the charging circuit and placing another accumulating
or converting device in a working or discharging circuit or for regulating the
electric potential in the circuits of the same or for varying the potential with or
without the medium of a weight or spring for maintaining a set variation or
regulation. This device may be coupled in a derived, multiple arc, multiple series,
or series circuit with or without being combined with measuring and recording
devices and with or without being controlled by magnetic devices d' or devices of
simple or compound form adapted to operate or be controlled through the medium
of an independent circuit or circuits e provided with a simple or compound circuit
maker eat a distant point or station or in a signalmans cabin combined or other-
wise with a centrallized system of circuit makers f through the medium of inter-
locking mechanism such as is described or illustrated in the Specifications of
former Letters Patent granted to me or on my behalf or in Figures
to
of the accompanying drawings. Each of the branches or sections of the conductors
of reduced or minimum conductivity may represent the amount of energy necessary
for a single translating device say one incandescent lamp or the smallest possible
fraction to be consumed through the medium of any one of the translating or
utilizing devices.
In constructing this circuit making and regulating device I sometimes so arrange
these branches or sectional conductors 6 that they are insulated from each other
such branches or sectional conductors 6 consisting of very fine wire or strips of
metal or foil and I sometimes interpose pyro-insulating material between them so
that they are separated from each other their points occupying a position above or
in advance of each other spirally or otherwise so that one conductor after another
can be placed in circuit either as the stationary or movable portion of the circuit.
In constructing such devices or portions of the circuit in multiple I sometimes
provide for electrically depositing the conductors upon sheets of insulating material

page_text: say asbestos and support them one above the other or deposit or mould or fuse
them in recesses dovetailed or otherwise.
The conical spherical circular pyramidal or other suitably formed plunger 7 or
rotating circuit making device d may be adapted to fit closely in a case or box of
insulating material through which the conductor or conductors 8 extend the
insulating material and conductors being enclosed within a suitable casing (metallic
or otherwise) with means for attachment to the electrical circuit by a screw
coupling or couplings or otherwise. The circuit making device 7 or d is so arranged
as to be supported in bearings or guides d* or 9* and is provided with an axle or
extension d or 10 for connection with the core of a solenoid 11 electric motor d¹
pressure valve or float 12 or other device which is adapted to be operated through
the medium or action of or the work done by the electric current passing through
the translating or discharging circuit b or to or from the conserving or accumulating
device or devices c or through the medium (partly or entirely) of the action of an
electric meter or electro magnetic device with or without compressing or pumping
devices valves or floats gas-meters thermo electric meters or thermo electric
regulators or any combination of such devices in the circuit or derived circuit or
both adapted to operate in the discharging or working circuit or a portion of the
circuit through the medium of a derived circuit therefrom or both such circuits.
In order to obviate firing or to ensure good contact I employ a liquid, metallic
or otherwise in the circuit making or regulating device 5 d or the like I some-
times employ mercury and cover the same with an insulating liquid for instance
paraffin glycerine or the like. Or I sometimes provide for regulating the
conductivity through the medium of a non-metallic liquid between the metal
conductors 8. In the normal position of the circuit maker it is only possible for a
minimum amount of current to pass but as each translating or other consuming or
utilizing device, is placed in the circuit through the medium of their independent
controlling devices 13 e¹ or fone or more branches or working resistances are
thrown into the circuit by reason of the fact that the switching device 7 displaces
the mercury or other liquid in proportion to the current passing by which
provision is made for the movement of the circuit making device through the
medium of a solenoid or other device which can be connected in a loop multiple
are multiple series or otherwise in a derived circuit from the discharging or
working circuit b with or without operating upon the portion of the circuit to an
accumulating or independent converting device or devices adapted to provide for
making the discharging circuits 6 independent of the main circuit a through the
medium of switching or commutating devices d operative through the medium of
an electro inagnetic device d' or a thermo electric device, a compressing or
pumping device 14 or other suitable devices or any combinations of them with or
without measuring and recording devices-15 for indicating the consumption
conservation accumulation or utilization of electric energy in the discharging or
working circuit b.
In some cases I arrange these devices in combination with the devices or means
for measuring or representing the current or a portion of the current passing
through the discharging or working circuit or the main derived circuit b so that
the circuit maker 5 is maintained in the desired position partly or entirely through
the medium of the devices or means combined with the meter or adapted to
provide for or operate in conjunction with the device for measuring the current.
For this purpose I sometimes employ (within a chamber 16 for instance) a
pressure-valve or float 12 or a mercurial column and a plunger or displacer which
is mounted in guides or supports or upon a rocking beam or shaft provided with
rockers or excentrics and with or without locking or engaging faces and with or
without a spring or weight so that the pressure of air or gas or the height or
column of liquid in the chamber 16 or the expansion or contraction of the device
for the measurement of the current will permit of or cause the movement of the
circuit making device 5 so as to vary the current passing in the derived circuit b
or otherwise. For instance within the tube I employ a liquid which extends to

page_text: the two ends thereof the said tube being so formed or provided with reservoirs or
chambers at each end that there will be a column of liquid (metallic or otherwise)
of equal heights or different heights at each end and I provide a float or governor
which has combined with it a circuit maker plunger or displacer adapted to fit
into a chamber suitably insulated the plunger being composed of insulating or
conducting material so as to provide for the completion or interruption of the
derived circuit (for high or low tension currents) with or without the employment
of a good liquid conductor metallic or otherwise or an insulating or bad conductor
or a combination of them. I sometimes employ these combinations or a liquid of
low conductivity or an insulating liquid for the purpose of obviating firing or to
more efficiently control and operate with high tension currents; the derived
circuit bin such cases terminates either as a single conductor or a series of
branches in points or otherwise through any suitable insulating material
(preferably silicate) moulded to the desired form. Or I sometimes unite or form
the ends or parts 8 of a thin film or part formed by moulding or deposition and
consisting for instance of platinum copper nickel silver or an alloy of one or more
of the same or other metals and I preferably employ a conical semi-spherical
pyramidical or wedge shaped displacer or plunger 7 composed of insulating or
conducting material. When insulating material is employed the liquid conductor
will provide for the completion or interruption of the electric circuit dependent
upon the height of such liquid or the surface of the conductors thrown into
contact. Or in some cases I complete the circuit through the movable piece or
plunger.
This circuit maker is supported in suitable guides so as to provide for a vertical
rocking or rotating movement and is combined with the coupling box of the circuit.
The movable piece or circuit making devices are somewhat similar to those already
described for regulating or varying the electric potential or supply of energy into
the translating or working circuits and are adapted to be used for regulating or
governing the supply or consumption of energy or the electric potential or supply
of the current or to provide for consecutively or alternately charging accumulating
conserving or converting devices c or as commutating or switching devices or cut
offs for conserving or accumulating devices electric motors generators or for other
purposes. And I sometimes employ a series of such devices either with vibrating
oscillating or endwise moving pieces or rotating shafts or a combination of them as
commutators or switching devices, for the above named purposes or for the purpose
of varying the conductivity or internal resistance in the discharging or working
circuit b or for varying the internal resistance of a devoloping storing converting
or regulating source or device as at g a¹ with or without varying the resistance of
the external circuit or the devices in such circuit or the devices adapted to be
combined in such circuit (as working resistances for the conservation regulation
or utilization of electric currents) in parallel circuit or series through the medium
of a centralized system of conductors extending to the grouping box or commu-
tating device d. This device is applicable in the equipment of electric engines or
other vehicles for traction purposes or for elevators hoists or other portable objects
adapted to be operated over fixed or determined circuits b or from fixed or
determined points or places and I sometimes combine with such system of circuit
making conductors a special circuit-maker or key or a series of them (interlocked
in the combination automatically or otherwise dependent upon the position of
some other circuit maker) which provides for the completion of an electric circuit
between some part of the accumulating or storing devices c forming some part of
the electrical equipment of a waggon vehicle or train or the motors 3 for propelling
the same or other portable objects with the fixed portion of the electric circuit b
with or without accumulating conserving and converting or regulating devices c
in one or more of the circuits of the stationary part or parts of the system.
In some cases in the construction of the circuit making or regulating devices for
varying the conductivity in an electric circuit I stamp or mould the portion 7 or 8
in the form of a cone pyramid or wedge shaped or similarly formed piece of very

page_text: thin sheets or films of metal say platinum, iron, nickel or copper, or a highly
refractory metal or alloy of metals so as to provide a minimum or uniform
conductivity in any given section. Or I provide a form of insulating material
and coat such insulating material mechanically or in any preferred manner with
some other material (carbonaceous or otherwise) and subsequently deposit
electrically or otherwise the metal or alloy for instance platinum, nickel, iron
copper or a metallic alloy as aforesaid and thereby provide means for the employ-
ment of an uniform increase or decrease of conductivity in the electric circuit
through the device 5 dependent upon the position or relation of such device in an
electric circuit in which a liquid of low or good conductivity or a combination of
them is employed as before described.
When the movable part or parts of the device 5 is or are suitably connected
with an electro magnetic device, say the core 17 of a solenoid magnet or
magnets 11 is or are suitably wound and adapted to be energized by the current
passing through a circuit or a discharging or working circuit as before described
with reference to the regulating devices the part 7 will be raised or lowered and
thereby provide for the displacement of the liquid dependent upon the consumption
of energy or the number of translating devices or the resistance in the circuit
and thereby regulate the surface of conducting material upon the cone or pointed
piece in contact with the liquid (metallic or otherwise or both) and consequently
vary the conductivity of such portion of the circuit in accordance therewith.
When the liquid is at the lowest point and the point of the cone is in the insulated
liquid or merely touches the metallic circuit the conductivity of the circuit is
preferably normal when used as a regulating device in the derived circuit 6 from
the main a but when used as a circuit controller for regulating the speed of
machinery or an electric motor 3 or for the development of an electric current
from a producer g or source a' I sometimes work under reverse conditions that is
to say the cone or movable piece and the liquid portion of the circuit in the
normal condition represents the maximum conductivity and as the speed of the
motor or shaft increases or reaches some predetermined maximum a mechanically.
or electrically operative governor h combined with the shaft or axle of the motor 3
or the shaft or axle of a steam gas or compressed, air engine waterwheel turbine
or windmill provides for decreasing the conductivity in the generative portion of
the electric machine by varying the height of the column of liquid and such circuit
making device 5 may be connected or combined with the steam or air or gas
supply for steam engines gas or compressed air engines or with the gas or liquid
fuel supply or the damper for the supply of air for the firing of boilers or furnaces
or thermo electric generators or the governor of a windmill or the water supply
to a turbine or with electric circuits secondary or subsidiary accumulating devices
mechanically or electrically or both.
In some cases I employ such device 5 as an automatic cut off in the electric
circuit between the generating or. producing source g and an accumulating con-
serving or storing magazine or converter c or a series of them but in such cases
the normal position of such device may provide for a minimum of conductivity
or a high resistance in such portion of the electric circuit from the source and I
employ a counterweight or spring to provide for such result and employ the main
circuit a or a branch thereof so as to provide for operating the circuit making
device 5 when a current of sufficient force shall be developed. Or I may employ
a mechanical governor or other means whose position is dependent upon the speed
of the shaft of the motor.
I sometimes employ a second device of this kind in the electric circuit working
under reverse conditions with a branch or loop in which the electro magnetic or
electric translating portion 10, 11 of the device is placed so that in case there
should be any backward flow of the current towards the generator or generators g
or transmitting source the column of liquid will be lowered and the conductivity
of the circuit reduced to a minimum or interrupted by short circuiting the current
to the source causing the backward flow. By the employment of circuit making

page_text: devices 5 with a multiple of conductors 6 or 8 in the main electrical circuit or
adapted to operate in the developing portion of the circuit or at the source a* with
or without accumulating or storing devices c and by combining such switching and
circuit making devices 5 with the cut off 18 to the steam or gas engine or the
cut offs dampers or valves 19 to the combustion chambers or the gas or fuel supply
pipes thereto for firing and with or without combining such controlling devices
with recording and measuring or automatic cut off devices which indicate or stop
the conservation or accumulation of electric energy I am enabled to provide for
regulating or varying the generation or development of the current or to maintain
an uniform pressure or supply through the electrical circuit and regulate or vary
the conductivity of the electrical circuit either at the generators g or elsewhere or
throughout the electrical system dependent upon the height of the liquid or the
conductivity of the portion of the electric circuit which is adapted to be regulated
varied or completed through the medium of a liquid (either conducting or insulating
liquid or a combination of them) I employ this method of constructing and
operating electric cut offs circuit making commutating and regulating devices
operative by pressure or by expansion compression mechanically hydraulically
pneumatically or electrically pumping heating or by time mechanism or a com-
bination of such means for cutting out or putting a portion or portions of the
electrical circuit or circuits with or without accumulating conserving or converting
devices c in the circuit of the portable or stationary portion of the system or a
combination of them or for regulating the charging or discharging of the
accumulating storing or transforming devices c or separating automatically or
otherwise the stationary and portable electric systems for instance in the
equipment of an engine vehicle train elevator vessel or the like it is important
to make good electrical contact and to prévent firing; it is also necessary to
prevent through the medium of a device as for instance at 20 the back ward flow
of the current and it is also desirable to provide for varying the conductivity of
the electric circuits of or to the motors 3 or convertors or electric magazines c
according to the work required to be done or to vary the conductivity of the
electric circuits to or from, or the internal resistance of, the convertors or magazines c
or any combination of them according to the resistance in the discharging or
working circuits a or b (of the train or other portable system or parts of a system)
with one or more motors 3 in parallel circuit series or multiple series according to
the position of a compound circuit and circuit making device or devices & forming
part of the equipment of or in connection with the portable system or part of a
system such as a train engine elevator hoist traction cable or the like with or
without devices or means upon such portable objects or a series of them for holding
a reserve of power in the electric circuits for the development of an electric current
in the discharging circuit or circuits therefrom..
In the equipment of an engine train elevator or the like I prefer to employ
devices or means to provide a reserve c upon one or more vehicles or upon each
vehicle which is equipped with electrical connections and I employ coupling
devices between each vehicle these coupling devices being adapted to operate or
be operated either automatically or by hand through the medium of a coupling
box into which the meeting ends of the conductors of each vehicle extend
preferably from the upper portion through or between an insulating collar or
support into a chamber adapted to receive the liquid as hereinbefore described;
the box or casing formed of metal is adapted to form a permanent attachment and
is bolted clamped or otherwise secured to the framing of the vehicle. This box is
provided with an aperture at its upper part and a spring clutch having a sliding
or movable piece or part combined therewith which is adapted to cover the
aperture with or without the employment of an elastic packing between the parts.
I provide each vehicle with these attachments into which a single conductor or a
multiple are or parallel circuit extends and I provide coupling pieces at each end
of a flexible conductor or a series of conductors insulated from each other and
covered with insulation; the end pieces may be of wedge shape or other suitable

page_text: form and may be provided with suitable recesses into which the spring lock or
clutch fits or engages so as to tend to force the part into proper contact or into the
liquid contact in the box or lock the same in position. The part extending into
the box and liquid is preferably at an angle say a right angle to the axial line of
the flexible conductor or electrical circuit. The conductor or conductors extend
through the length of the vehicle and in suitable portions of this circuit either in
parallel circuit series or multiple series or series in parallel circuit I sometimes
employ electric magazines batteries or accumulating devices in groups of two or
more I employ automatic switching devices d when I employ electro chemical
batteries c so as to alternatively or consecutively charge the same so that one part
may be discharging into the working or translating circuit b in which incandescent
semi-incandescent or other kinds of electric lamps 1 or 2 electric heaters 4 or
electro magnetic devices 21 connected or combined with the brake-blocks 22
electric motors 3 connected or combined with the axles of the wheels directly or
through frictional or chain gearing or any or all of such devices are adapted to
operate in multiple series or parallel circuits or series or a combination of such
circuits and I employ switching devices d adapted to provide for turning on or off
the current to or from the translating circuits b so as to control one or more or a
group or series of lamps 1, 2 heaters 4 brake-blocks 22 or motors 3 as may be
desired from one or more places or points on the vehicle or train and also employ
independent circuit makers 13 for each translating device such as lamps or heaters
and automatic regulators 5 preferably such as are berein described for regulating
the discharge in the light and heater circuits dependent upon the consumpton of
energy or the temperature of the compartment or the expansion of some medium
in connection with the heaters as described in one or more of the Specifications of
Letters Patent herein referred to.
It will be understood that as many vehicles as desired. inay be placed in the
electrical circuit with the source a g or store c of electric energy or both and
the current may be regulated as desired with or without reducing the tension from
the force in the main circuits a before passing to the electrical derived circuits b
along the line or upon the vehicles or I may charge a series of accumulating
devices c upon each vehicle by placing them in multiple arc or series parallel
circuit or series through the medium of an insulated circuit or partially insulated
circuit in connection with the stationary source a" or reserve or store c with return
by earth or the reverse and I may employ à main charging circuit with the
devices c for accumulating or storing energy upon a series of vehicles with or
without including the working resistances on the engine or the electric magazines c
thereon and such charging circuit can be under the control of the engine-driver
through the medium of a circuit-maker d upon a switch-board i arranged among a
centralized system of switches or circuits; the main connections and in some cases
all of the connections I preferably make through the medium of a liquid or
liquids as herein set forth. This system of circuits in some cases consists of
sliding bars or rocking shafts & having a system of plungers projections or keys
(which may or may not interlock or cross each other) one or more of which may
be combined with an electric circuit through the medium. of a speed regulator or
governor and in some cases I connect or combine the circuits to the motors 3
through the medium of a circuit inaker or regulator d (and preferably through the
medium of a liquid or a combination of them as before described adapted to
operate in the electrical circuit so as to place the motors in series or parallel circuit
or with circuits consisting of a multiple series or branches terminating at the
circuit maker d or in the same or the equivalent thereof so as to provide for
varying the conductivity of the circuit or series of circuits and for interrupting
the circuit to the motors 3. or reversing the current to the same whether coupled
in parallel circuit or series or multiple series and I sometimes provide in connection
with this circuit-maker an independent circuit-maker & connected or combined or
interlocked therewith so that the motors can be transformed into generating
machines when it is desired to impede the motion of the vehicles or trains; for

page_text: this purpose I preferably provide for throwing the elements for developing the
current into a series circuit or in other words I increase the internal resistance of
the generator and short circuit the elements of the battery into the charging
circuit therefrom and I provide for reversing the polarity of the magnet or element
or elements of the motor through the medium of a compound circuit and series of
plungers and compound or independent circuit making devices.
I also employ an automatic cut off 20 in such developing circuit so as to prevent
the backward How of the current from the magazines c when the force of the
current from the generative portions of the circuit falls below a predetermined
point or is less than that from the battery or magazine or magazines c. In order
to accomplish this I in some cases employ a derived circuit 23 connected with the
developing circuit in which is included the coil or coils 24 of a magnet whose
armature carries one or more circuit-makers 25 adapted to operate preferably
through the medium of a liquid or a combination of liquids as before described;
the circuit is normally broken through the medium of one or more springs 26 or
weights and the circuit making device is preferably of a compound form so as to
complete the main circuit and throw the coil 24 into such main circuit so long as
the current passes to the battery but in case the current is interrupted or reversed
the movement of the armature is reversed and the spring or weight causes the
plunger or plungers to return to its or their normal position and the current
flowing from the batteries will maintain the interruption of the circuit so long as
the electrical pressure from the reservoirs is greater than that from the generators.
This device is applicable for use in other circuits for charging magazines or
batteries in derived or loop circuit of a parallel or series circuit in a system of
electrical distribution and can be compounded to any extent so as to provide for
charging magazines batteries accumulators or inductive devices or regulators of
tension and by the employment of an automatic cut off j and meter device to
interrupt such circuit through the magnet when the magazines c become charged
there need be no loss of energy due to the current passing through the circuit
unnecessarily. I prefer to employ a permanent magnet for the core or armature 27
having a polarity reverse to the active pole of the magnet.
In the equipment of the vehicles or electrical circuits with motors I preferably
employ machines whose elements are arranged and adapted to operate in conjunction
with each other in such a manner as to obviate the reversal of the current one or
more times during each revolution of the armature or in other words to obviate
the use of commutators. In order to provide for changing the circuits or controlling
the direction of the current in the developing circuit when the machines are to
operate as generators for impeding the motion of a train or for charging accumu-
lators for the production of light or heat or for other purposes upon the train and
employ a compound circuit and circuit maker 28 whose normal position (when the
train is stationary or when the developing circuit is inoperative or of less force
than that from the accumulator) provides for separating or disconnecting the
generator from the accumulating devices or magazines c and the construction and
arrangement of the circuits and cut off devices are such as to govern the direction
of the current to the accumulators c dependent upon the direction in which the
vehicle is moving for instance by the employment of a compound solenoid or
magnet or an electric motor whose normal position is governed by a spring or
weight the relative position of the circuits will be governed dependent upon the
direction of the current transmitted through the elements and by the employment
of stops the position will be maintained so long as the current is flowing in one
direction and is of sufficient force to operate the device against the spring or weight;
or I sometimes combine these with a locking armature of compound construction
or a clutch arrangement electro-magnetically operative from a derived circuit in
parallel circuit or otherwise so as to maintain the circuit with less expenditure of
energy; this circuit making device is so arranged that it will be operated to either
branch dependent upon the direction the vehicle is moving and by the employment
of machines with or without commutators I readily. provide for operating in the

page_text: charging circuit of the battery in the proper direction the various combinations of
cut offs and regulating devices being employed as herein provided for. In some
cases I provide for controlling these circuits from the driver's or guard's department
through the medium of an independent circuit maker of the system; by such means
the current can be transmitted to the electro magnetic devices 28 or 29 adapted to
control the direction of the current and through the medium of the compound
automatic cut offs as before described I am enabled to decrease the power
expended in maintaining and regulating the circuits by locking or holding the
device electro magnetically through the medium of an armature with engaging
faces adapted to fit into or engage with corresponding parts so as to lock the same
against the force of the weight or spring and automatically break the circuit or
increase the resistance in the circuit to the prime electro-magnetic device which
caused the adjustment of the circuits.
I am enabled under such method of working to avoid any unnecessary waste or
expenditure of energy. I employ independent circuits or derived circuits 6 for the
electric heaters 4 and I employ automatic cut offs adapted to complete or interrupt
the electrical circuit through the medium of a liquid as herein provided for and
I combine with such circuit making devices thermo regulating devices adapted to
regulate the consumption of energy in accordance with the temperture of the
material or room or space to be heated as herein set forth and more fully described
in the Specifications of some of the Letters Patent herein referred to. Such
independent circuit is provided with electro magnetic devices counterweighted or
the equivalent thereof so that when they are in their normal position the circuit is
closed or the reverse or the circuit maker can be adapted to operate with a
counterweight which is combined with a compound translating device say solenoids
or electric motors for instance a disc motor or a motor having its element or elements
adapted to operate in conjunction with one or more poles of permanent or electro.
magnets so as to operate without a commutator. I employ a compound circuit maker
and circuits in such case at the operative point so as to provide for reversing the
current through such circuits and I sometimes employ a dash pot or liquid to
steady the action or position of the piston plunger or moving part of the regulator
such device being especially applicable on trains or moving objects or I sometimes
obviate the use of regulating devices by the resistance of the translating devices
which are connected in parallel circuit series or multiple series; circuit making
devices may be arranged in each compartment and also controllable through the
medium of an independent circuit extending to the driver's or guard's compartment.
of the train or both such compartments. The circuit will be controlled by the
employment of a return circuit or derived circuit therefrom in which the solenoids
or electric devices are arranged and adapted to operate against the force of a
weight or an adjustable spring which is adapted to so operate as to maintain a
minimum or maximum conductivity in the circuit as arranged preferably through
the medium of a multiple of conductors or a plunger or conical piece and liquid as
described with reference to the circuit making device 5 so as to provide for varying
the conductivity of the circuit in accordance with the temperature of the com-
partment or room or the expansion or temperature of the heater thermo electrically
through the medium of thermo electric elements or the heat or volume of the
liquid contained in the heater as described in the Specifications of certain of the
former Letters Patent herein referred to. In order to provide for automatically
applying the brakes in case of the separation of the vehicles by accident breakage
or otherwise or upon undue compression of the buffers I employ a derived branch
or independent circuit which is adapted to supply the energy for energizing the
electro magnetic devices connected with the brake blocks or connected with the
valves of hydraulic vacuum or air compressing or steam brakes or other devices.
for impeding the motion of the train or any excessive movement jamming of the
carrriages will apply the brakes to each carriage or the vehicles of the train
collectively, such arrangement can be applied on each vehicle or on the engine
only, when the electrical circuit extends throughout these contacts may be made

page_text: by the buffers being forced against springs during the latter part of their move-
ment. In carrying this into practice I arrange in a portion of the electrical
connections containing the electro magnetic devices a circuit maker whose normal
position when the vehicles are connected will be interrupted. I sometimes employ
a movable link or a flexible coupling which is stretched across or between the
carriages and thereby breaks the circuit upon one or both adjoining carriages the
springs or other force causing the immediate completion of the circuit the con-
nection being adapted to operate against them electrically or otherwise; the brake
blocks may be mounted upon hinged plates carrying electro magnets the normal
position through the medium of a weight or springs being clear of the wheels or
breaking surface; the brake-blocks may be detachable wearing plates of cast steel
or iron forming the keeper of the magnets of horse shoe form. In some cases the
electrical connections from each vehicle are adapted to be placed in electrical
communication with the permanent or fixed portion of the electrical circuit with
or without the medium of a liquid in the circuit preferably a liquid say brackish
water. I can employ a flexible connection or a vertically sliding piece main-
tained in its normal position by a spring or weight so as to interrupt the circuit
and be of sufficient height to clear all obstructions on the line. I employ
plungers or contact makers held in position by a spring or weight so as to
interrupt the circuit upon the vehicle; these plungers are preferably adapted to
operate in conjunction with a liquid or combination of liquids as herein provided
for and I sometimes connect them with the core or armature of a solenoid or
magnet which is included in the derived circuit of the main charging circuit.
When the current flows into the electrical circuit on the vehicle the solenoid is
energized and its core carrying the plunger of conical or other suitable form is
acted upon or drawn downwards against the force of the spring or weight through
its support or guide until the liquid is at its greatest height and the maximum
conductivity afforded in such portion of the circuit. In some cases I lead this
derived circuit to an automatic cut-off device in conjunction with the accumulating
or storing device or devices on the vehicle adapted to be charged vivified or
revivified through the medium of the charging current transmitted from the
source or reserves through stationary portions of the electrical circuit for instance
when I employ electro chemical batteries I may employ electrolysis or an accumu-
lation of gas evolved by the process of electrolysis the deposition may represent
the work done or the energy stored and by means of a weighted rocking lever or
a rotating cylinder provided with suitable blades or elements adapted to revolve
in a suitable metallic solution and connected with or through the medium of the
liquid forming part of the derived circuit which represents a certain portion of
the current passing the accumulating device c may be cut out of the discharging
circuit when some predetermined amount of energy is stored but I prefer to employ
a pumping or a compressing device 14 which is combined with a moter d₁ the
receiver or chamber 16 into which the air or liquid is pumped being adapted to
represent the conservation of power in the reservoirs c and upon some predeter-.
mined pressure or height of the liquid the charging circuit will be interrupted
through the medium of the float or valve 12 or other suitable means either with or
without electro magnetic devices and means connected or combined there with in
the circuit until the pressure or height of liquid shall be reduced which will be
dependent upon the consumption in the translating or charging circuits from the
said reservoirs or magazine c. By combining the translating circuit through a
derived circuit in parallel circuit or otherwise with an electro magnetic device 30
combined with a valve 31 or other governing medium which provides for reducing
the pressure or the beight or column of liquid in accordance with the work done
in the translating or charging circuit and also for cutting out putting in or varying
I am
the conductivity of the charging circuit to the accumulating devices c.
enabled to provide for the governing device operating in a reverse manner to that
in the charging circuit and in exact proportion to the work done in the discharging
circuit or the decrease of the energy stored. Or I may employ the gas evolved

page_text: from an maependent electro cheinical battery which will operate in a somewhat
similar manner or I may employ a gas battery as at 32 as a governor for the
electro chemical battery and the gas may be recomposed by connecting the gas
battery in the discharging or translating circuit with the electro chemical battery
or I may employ a gas battery solely having decomposing and recomposing
chambers or parts by such means the decomposing chamber or elements being
connected on a loop or derived circuit from the main charging circuit and the
recomposing elements and chambers or converter with or without other means of
regulating or varying the electric potential being connected in the discharging or
controlling circuit in any preferred manner The charging and discharging
circuits become absolutely independent in their working. The strength of the
reservoir is the limit and the pressure is the regulator and operates one or more
cut offs in the charging circuit through the medium of valves or floats or electro
magnetic devices j adapted to be operated from the decomposing chamber 33 with
or without being controlled partly by the current or a portion thereof in the dis-
charging circuit from the recomposing chamber or part 34 or I may heat a liquid
air or gas in an independent chamber or reservoir or collapsible or expansible
vessel and dependent upon the temperature of the liquid I regulate or stop
the charging the circuit may be controlled through the medium of a float or other-
wise through a mercurial column or contact piece at 35 adapted to be controlled in
its movement by the pressure of gas evolved in the battery 32 and with or without
electro magnetic devices j for breaking the circuit to the electro chemical batteries c
when some predetermined pressure is reached. The current in the derived circuit
in all cases represents only a fraction of the current passing. The magazines or
convertors c upon the vehicle or train may be charged with a minimum resistance
by short circuiting or coupling them in multiple arc or parallel circuit or by the
employment of a multiple of branches or feeders or multiple series circuit connected
with the elements so as to reduce the internal resistance of the accumulating or
storing devices or a series of them charged alternatively consecutively or collectively
and they may be connected in the discharging circuit coupled in series. Or I may
reverse this method of working and connect the elements of the magazine or
magazines or accumulating device or devices in the charging circuit in series and
in the discharging circuit in which one or more motors 3 or sections of one or more
motors upon one or more of the vehicles are adapted to operate in parallel circuit
or through the medium of compound circuits and circuit making devices d. I
provide for varying the force of the current in the discharging circuits by
decreasing the resistance in the motor circuits or the internal resistance of the
magazine c connected in the discharging circuits or both or the reverse as may be
desired and I sometimes combine this centralized system of circuit makers d and
circuits in the grouping box i or otherwise upon the engine or in the driving
department so that one or more of the same shall interlock with one or more other
circuit makers d or the circuits leading thereto so as to provide for the proper
relative working of the charging and discharging circuits or so as to provide for
directing a portion of the current from the stationary portion 6 of the system
either through an independent circuit or a branch b from the main charging
circuit a into the motor circuits b for propelling the vehicles while charging the
accumulating or storing devices c. And I sometimes provide regulating or
converting devices in the charging circuit or stationary portion of the electrical
system and the portion of the circuit in which the motors are adapted to operate.
I accomplish this by the employment of a multiple of circuits and a circuit maker 5
or d or a combination of them so as to provide for varying the conductivity of
such portion of the circuit preferably through the medium of a liquid or a com-
bination of liquids with or without such circuit making device being connected
with the speed regulator or governor h combined with the driving mechanism or
axles. Or I provide special converting devices, such as induction plates coils or
condensers c or in other words accumulating devices by which I provide for
increasing the length or varying the conductivity or surface charged or the

page_text: resistance in the charging and discharging or working circuits 6 by the employ-
ment of a commutator or switching device d which may be combined with an
electro magnetic device or motor d or with the driving mechanism or axles so as
to provide for alternatively consecutively or intermittently changing the
connections at the charging and discharging circuit. I sometimes effect this by
means of a metal circuit or plates and a plunger or series of plungers adapted
to operate between the plates or outside of them and provide for increasing or
decreasing the height of the liquid for instance I may employ two or more plates
having a V-shaped form arranged in close proximity to each other; each plate
may be connected with the terminals or conductors from the source or reserve
through the medium of a plunger which is adapted to displace the liquid and
thereby cause it to increase the surface of the plates in contact therewith or in
other words to decrease the resistance. By supporting these plungers upon a
suitable rocking or rotating shaft d³ one or more sets may be adapted to be in the
charging circuit while others will be in the discharging circuit as will be under-
stood from the description contained herein
I sometimes merely decrease the conductivity of the electric circuit through the
medium of a conical pointed or equivalently shaped part forming a portion of the
circuit or a multiple of circuits in the main charging circuit or a branch therefrom
leading to the motors and I sometimes combine this multiple circuit or converting
device with a circuit making device d of compound form adapted to connect one
or more of the motors in series multiple series or parallel circuit.
In the electrical equipment of the vehicle or train I employ an electrical circuit
which is controlled from the driving department (with or without being controlled
from the guard's department or other portions of the train) through the medium of
a circuit-maker which is arranged in the grouping box i with or without being
interlocked or combined with one or more of the other circuit makers d for
instance the circuit maker d for controlling the passage of the current to the
devices for propelling the vehicles. This circuit is preferably an independent
circuit in which electro magnetic devices are adapted to operate upon circuit-
makers arranged to operate in conjunction with the electric circuit or circuits (from
the reserves o of electric energy upon each vehicle) in which are included the
electro magnetic devices 21 having connected or combined with them the brake
blocks or devices 22. I sometimes provide a main charging circuit extending
throughout the length of the train (with coupling devices between each vehicle)
and control the circuit from the driving compartment of the train through the
medium of a circuit-maker so that such charging circuit may be placed in electrical
communication with the stationary portion 6 or a of an electric circuit while the
train may be moving or stationary or both or in connection with the main
magazine or store of energy c upon the engine. I sometimes provide for short
circuiting this electrical circuit through the medium of suitable connections and
switching devices upon each vehicle so that the electrical circuit upon each vehicle
can be placed in electrical communication with the stationary portion b of the
circuit from the generating or developing source a* or from the reserves c of electric
energy or both. The accumulating devices c may be adapted to operate in series
or in parallel circuit and may be alternatively or consecutively or collectively charged
Buitable connections and circuit making devices d being provided for this purpose
and automatic switching or cut off devices as at j. 32 being provided to operate in
the derived circuits from the main charging circuit so as to prevent the passage of
the current into the electric magazine or magazines c when some predetermined
amount of energy shall be stored as herein described.
I may employ currents of higher tension for charging these magazines c than
those desired to be used in the discharging or translating circuits or the reverse.
Under my method of varying the conductivity of the electrical circuits and of
regulating or varying the conductivity to or from the magazines or convertors c
and working through the medium of liquid in the circuit I am enabled to charge
or vivify the magazines or convertors c coupled in parallel circuit or multiple or

page_text: snort-circuited or in series or continuous lengths with currents of high tension
either upon the vehicles or trains or in the stationary portion of the system or
both.
In the construction or equipment of an electric engine tramcar or vehicle I
prefer to apply motors 3 of the greatest diameter possible directly to the driving
axles k. I sometimes however employ chain or link gearing for connecting such
motors with the axles k. In order to obtain an extended surface and provide for
the vertical movement of the main portion or body of a vehicle and parts connected
therewith permitted by the springs I employ a series of plates m cut or moulded
in the form of rings or sections of rings having the diameter necessary for the
armature. Upon these rings (which may or may not have dovetailed recesses
therein formed by casting or otherwise) I mould or deposit electrically or other-
wise the conducting element m' in the form of a continuous coil each bar or section
of which is connected with the bar or section on the opposite side of the support m
and led to the external circuit to rings or to commutators m² according to the
arrangement of the inductive poles n which operate in conjunction with the
armature or armatures m that is to say when I employ inductive poles so arranged
as to provide for the current always flowing in one direction through the elements
connected with the external circuit I employ rings m³ mounted upon and insulated
from the axle k and when the poles n and elements of the armature m are arranged
otherwise I provide commutating devices.
I preferably employ the machines without commutators and employ two or more
rings m' upon and insulated from the axle k to which the element or elements mi
of the motors are connected in series or parallel circuit or I may employ two or
more independent set of rings m³ one set connected with the element or elements m'
or part of the same in series or continuous lengths (through the medium of rings m²
upon and insulated from the axle) the other set being connected to the element or
elements m in parallel circuit derived circuits or branches to the independent
sections or lengths or sections of the continuous element or elements m' so as to
short circuit the same or reduce or vary the internal resistance of the machine;
these short circuiting devices are connected with the elements m¹ of the armature
Bo that the current enters with or without passing through the helix n' of the
inductive pole or poles n of such section to the conducting portion of the same
element or part of the element arranged so as to be under the inductive action of
a pole n of the opposite denomination arranged at different parts; the poles n are
preferably adjacent to and on opposite sides of the end faces of the armature and
diametrically opposite on opposite sides of the axis of rotation and I employ a
series of rings or plates m of magnetic or non-magnetic material each of which
may be adapted to operate in conjunction with independent poles n or with all
the poles united to one frame or support n* (magnetic or otherwise) the pole
pieces n being cut away or so arranged that their consequent poles or parts
in a straight line lengthwise of the armature can be at an angle to the axis
of rotation the short circuiting devices in such case being arranged in accordance
therewith. Two or more sets of poles n may be arranged in like manner
in conjunction with each ring or armature m; under this construction I am
enabled to employ sheet or plate metal in continuous rings m upon which my
conducting element or elements m² is or are mounted preferably in grooved or
dovetailed recesses the conducting element having each section bar or surface
connected with the bar or surface like a continuous coil similar to a Grammne ring.
I provide apertures notches or recesses through the support m (magnetic or other-
wise) for carrying the conductor or element m' so that each section can be
connected with its continuation on the opposite side of the said support. This
conducting element can be a continuous coil and be short-circuited or connected in
the external circuit at one or more or any number of points and the quantity and
tension of current transmitted therefrom or utilized therethrough will be dependent
upon the conductivity of such portion of the short circuit and the length of the
conducting element m² operated upon under the influence of the pole or poles n or

page_text: in utilizing such machine as a motor dependent upon the force or tension of the
current transmitted and the conductivity of the short circuiting branch or series of
them; it will be understood that currents of different tension can thus be taken
from or utilized through the same machine through the medium of a series of
rings m' and short circuits and suitable electrical connections. The rings m may
be mounted upon or secured to a non-magnetic hub m by clamping bolting or
riveting or by arranging them in a mould adapted to maintain the plate or ring in
position and receive the molten metal so as to form the hub; or a series of these
rings may thus be united upon an axle or I sometimes mould or cast the hub m*
with projections adapted to fit into corresponding parts of the rings m; these parts
are planed or slotted so as to fit closely or are cast in metal moulds under pressure
so as to provide for the parts so formed being perfectly true and I slide one plate
or ring after another on to the hub m* with separating or bracing plates m³
between them which separating or bracing plates are also moulded or otherwise
constructed to fit exactly and maintain rings m the proper distance apart; these
rings are first provided with a conducting element mi which is connected with the
external circuit through the medium of bars running lengthwise of the hub m*
through grooves or openings provided for the same to the rings collectors or com-
mutators m at one or both ends of the axle k. These rings or collectors I
preferably arrange in cups or chambers containing a liquid say mercury; the
elements m¹ may be connected in series or in parallel circuit with or without being
in the same circuit as the helices n¹ of the field magnets which may also be
connected in series or parallel circuit so as to constitute one or more magnets or
individual magnets. In some cases I so arrange the pole pieces n that they occupy
a position or extend between or towards the axis of these rings m so as to increase
the surface and bring the poles n in close proximity to the inductive elements m¹
connected with the external circuit these polar extensions connected with the
rings or parts n may be independent of each other or may be combined upon
magnetic or non-magnetic frames n* so that they may be supported in position by
bars or framing extending lengthwise of the axis so as to allow the vertical move-
ment of the parts permitted by the springs . Each portion of these magnets may
be connected to a continuous bar of magnetic or non-magnetic material and may
be held in position by projections or supporting parts n through the medium of
the projections or engaging parts n³ formed upon these rings or sectional magnets
which fit into the corresponding parts of the frame n² adapted to receive them or
these rings or sections of the magnet may be provided with lugs or extensions
through which bars pass lengthwise of the axle through distance pieces or
washers which separate the different rings or sections on either side of the ring
armatures.
These magnets n° as well as the armatures m may be wound with continuous
coils the conducting material being preferably secured upon them by moulding or
by electro-deposition so as to form a continuous coil or coils having a series of
sections with each section connected to the one on the opposite side. The stationary
and movable elements may be connected in parallel circuit multiple series or in
series and the consequent poles established dependent upon the point of the intro-
duction of the current or these magnets rings or plates may be joined alternatively
80 as to constitute a kind of spiral or continuously coiled magnet which forms the
conducting element with or without being coated or coiled with copper or other
conducting metal insulated from the magnetic core; the armature rings or plates m
may be formed in a somewhat similar manner and may be adapted to fit between
the blades rings poles or helices of the magnet or magnets n The elements m of
the armature connected with the external circuit being connected to the rings or
commutators m³ by extensions or terminals extending lengthwise of the axle
through the apertures or open parts of the hub or support m* carrying the
armature the plates or supports m of the conducting element or elements m¹ of the
armature may be formed into a continuous coil of magnetic material connected in
the circuit or otherwise and with conducting material deposited thereon by fusion

page_text: by moulding by electricity or otherwise so as to form one or more sections of a
continuous coil connected in the external circuit at two or more points as herein
described. The conducting elements may have the form of a divided concentric
ring section or sections or coils connected to a section or similar section or coil on
the opposite end or face of the support m of the armature either alternatively
through the support (magnetic or otherwise) connecting each section in series or
simply for completing the electrical circuit; these sections are so connected that the
currents induced therein or utilized therethrough provide for the current passing
in one direction through the circuit at all times while the machines move in one
direction either as a generator or as a motor. In some cases I employ conductors
arranged radially with connecting bars or links at an angle thereto so as to connect
them at their ends through or around the support m (magnetic or otherwise) either
as the fixed elements or field magnets or the armature independently or collectively
with or without means for short circuiting or varying the internal resistance of the
machine through the medium of independent or compound circuits as before
described with reference to generators regulators or current transformers. The
conducting elements or sections or parts m³ adapted to operate in conjunction with
or under the influence of opposite magnetic poles or fields n are so connected that
the current flows in the same direction continuously through the element or
elements connected with the external circuit either as a motor or generator and
with or without including the field magnets n° in the main circuit or shunt there-
from or I can employ permanent magnets as one portion of the machines as it is
not necessary to reverse the polarity of the magnets, in the reversal of the working
of the machine as a generator and I sometimes employ an independent circuit for
including the magnets n in a circuit in which the current always flows in the same
direction. I employ a compound circuit maker & with compound contacts for this
purpose when using the machine as a motor. In the construction of the plate or
sections of the armature I sometimes employ malleable cast iron which has been
formed under pressure in metal moulds the rings or sections being formed with
concentric or radially formed recesses and projections into or upon which the
conducting elements m² are deposited or formed by moulding fusion or electro-
deposition; the sectional length or coils of such elements are connected through
openings or alternatively and continuously over and around the support or ring m.
I sometimes place this form or support in a lathe and by utilizing templets and
gauges or other devices I make every section or part thereof perfectly true and
sometimes cut or form dovetailed or retaining recesses or projections upon or through
the supports so that the conducting element m' will be maintained in position
either by the contraction of the molten metal or the insulation or holding surface
whereon the metal is deposited or by fusing the ribbons or bars in the proper
positions.
In moulding the conducting material upon the forms or supports m I preferably
heat the mould and force the molten metal into the spaces not occupied by the said
form or support with the terminals extending therefrom for connection to the bars
with or without means for short circuiting as described. I have described these
conductors and elements as constructed of thin plates with the inductive elements
principally upon the end faces the poles being arranged accordingly but I also
provide for constructing machines with the elements connected in the external
circuits and adapted to operate in conjunction with inductive poles arranged in
other positions relatively to the inductive elements connected with the external
circuit or circuits for instance I may employ arms or cencentric rings of a magnetic
or non-magnetic material or materials extending lengthwise of the axle and fitting
In polar extremities or between poles or between the arms of a magnet somewhat
imilar to that before described; these arms or projections may extend from both
ides of the centre line of the hub and be secured in position by bolts clamps dove-
ailed projections and recesses with or without the employment of molten metal
or securing the parts in proper position or by arranging the sections ready for use

page_text: in the machine or they may rest upon a ledge of the supporting hub or be formed
or moulded with it.
In order to provide for the deposition of the metal in coils or strips as before
stated I sometimes apply an insulating coating either mechanically or otherwise
and subsequently apply a suitable metallic paint or carbonaceous coating to the
parts where I wish to deposit the metal by electro or chemical deposition. Under
such method of constructing the elements m³ n¹ of my machines I am enabled to
obviate the use of insulation upon or over the conducting elements of the armature
and magnets and to provide for their operation in close proximity to each other
thereby increasing the efficiency of the machine.
I sometimes coat or cover the adjoining or adjacent faces of the armature and
magnets with a thin coating of insulating paint or material or with copper or
a metallic alloy so as to prevent oxydation and in some cases I coat the core or
body of the armature in a similar manner with or without first applying an insu-
lating paint or material and subsequently form the conducting element thereon or
I employ the first deposit as the conducting element which may be in the form of
a coil as will be understood from the previous description. This method of con-
structing magnetic elements or the elements of electro magnetic devices is applicable
in the construction of solenoids magnets and armatures and in order to obtain
greater surface I sometimes form the end of the magnets semipherical conical
pyramidical or wedge shaped the armature in such cases being formed reversely.
Ring magnets and solenoids may also be provided with coils in a similar manner to
that above described the conducting elements being secured in dove-tailed grooves
or recesses and I preferably employ a coating of good conducting metal or an alloy
adapted to operate in close proximity to the core of the solenoid with or without an
insulating stud or ring.
In the arrangement of the motors upon the axles k of the vehicles or electric
engines I mount the magnets n° upon the bed plate or framing n* secured to the
girders or framework o of the engine and preferably resting upon or supported by
the springs in the ordinary mauner so as to provide for the vertical movement of
Buch framework and the parts supported thereby and so as to obtain a greater
working surface than hitherto practicable in the construction of electric engines.
The armatures m and magnet blades arms rings or poles n may be one inch (inore
or less) in thickness dependent upon the diameter of the armature or armatures m.
An armature or series of armatures under this construction six feet in diameter and
occupying a space four feet long can be readily applied to the axles k of eight feet
driving wheels with the ordinary track guage. I can thus obtain by the employ-
ment of such armatures upon the axles of two pairs of driving wheels more than
1000 feet of surface adapted to operate in immediate proximity to the poles n of
the magnets I employ a series of rings armatures or blades m adapted to operate
into or between the blades arms rings or poles n of the magnets which extend
towards the axis and are supported by the framing n* as before stated. Each ring
or blade m of the armature may be adapted to operate in proximity to poles n of
opposite denomination on the sides of each blade ring or section m with or without
operating over the periphery thereof and at or towards the opposite sides of the
periphery of the armature or sections thereof the connections to the commutators
or rings m² being made as herein described or in any other suitable manner
I sometime secure the magnets supports n² directly to the frame n* or o or both
through the medium of bars or supports extending in a line with or lengthwise of
the axle k and on both sides at one or more points these bars supports or connections
extend across or over the periphery of the armatures m the blades rings or
extensions n³ of the magnets being provided with suitable distance pieces or
separating strips or blocks or these distance pieces may be formed with or upon the
arins or polar extensions n' of the magnets by moulding or otherwise. By the
employment of two or more of such machines or motors upon the axles k of
the driving wheels it will be practicable to run at a high or low speed with

page_text: greater economy than when motors of the ordinary construction are employed for
traction purposes It will be understood that these motors 3 can be compounded to
any extent and be connected in parallel circuit multiple series or series but I prefer
to regulate and vary the conductivity of the charging circuit b or a through the
medium of a series of circuits and a plunger of conical or equivalent form which is
preferably adapted to operate in circuit through the medium of a liquid as herein
described with reference to the device 5 and other regulating devices and I operate
with bigh tension or high pressure and regulate through the medium of condensers
induction or other forms of accumulating devices c or a combination of condensing
or induction devices adapted to operate in the charging circuit b or a or from the
magazines or reserves c or source of electric energy upon the engine or tender or
both or I regulate from the main reserve or source such as gas electro chemical or
other forms of batteries or sources of supply forming part of the electrical
equipment of the engine or vehicle or of the stationary portion of the circuit or
system or any combination of them. I sometimes provide for utilizing the metal
of the engine's wheels and the track so as to act with or form part of the magnet
or magnets n° and the coils n¹ of the magnets may be adapted to be included in
the circuit with earth the armature m being insulated from earth and the con-
ducting elements or coils for the magnetization of the magnets n° or of the armature
or both may be adapted to operate in conjunction with the main circuit of supply
and the insulated portion b of the circuit or with the circuit from the reserves c or
the current transformers or any combination of them so that the circuit will be
completed in order that the motor may operate as a working resistance in the
circuit of supply either as an insulated circuit or between earth and an insulated
rail or portion of the circuit which may be the charging or return portion of the
circuit with or without accumulating or storing devices c connected therewith or
with the generating devices 9 or storage source cor both and with or without
tension converting transforming or reducing devices or pressure regulators 5
or a combination of them in proximity to the line or between the source of supply
and the working resistances upon the vehicle or train or portable object and a
switching or controlling device or devices d in the circuit or grouping box i and
with or without a series of circuits and connections for throwing the motors 3 into
the main charging circuit b or a and the magazines c into the charging circuit of
the main while running over an electrical circuit b or with or without a series of
circuits and commutating or switching devices d or a centralized system of switches
in a grouping box or switch board with a suitable arrangement of circuits and
switching devices for throwing the accumulators magazines or converting devices c
in series or for reducing or varying the conductivity of the circuits or devices or
parts thereof in such circuits whether charging discharging or working circuits or
any combination of them in series or parallel circuit. I preferably arrange the
devices d and 5 for varying the conductivity or resistance of the circuit to operate
through the medium of a liquid or a combination of liquids as described for
regulating or varying the force or tension of the current from the charging circuit
or the magazines or reservoirs or both I preferably employ liquid as before stated
for completing the electrical circuit to the magazines c upon the vehicles from the
stationary circuit b or I sometimes complete the circuit through the wheels from
the earth circuit and make returns by the insulated circuit 6 between the lines and
the adjustable connections or circuit closer p I employ cut off devices in the
charging circuit to the magazines which cut off devices are operative automatically
or by hand or by time mechanism as herein described and the main charging
circuit may supply a series of derived circuits or stations houses works or districts
provided with electrical circuits with or without the employment of the pressure
egulators 5 or condensing or induction devices or electro chemical or electric gas
magazines c or a combination of them adapted to operate between the source of
upply and the translating devices in the working circuit or in the circuits of the
distributing stations as will be understood from the description herein and in
accordance with the height or column of liquid or a combination of liquids the

page_text: conductivity of the circuit can be regulated automatically or manually or both and
the conductivity of the circuit or the number of magazines or the length of the
accumulating surface thrown into the circuit will be in accordance with the
resistance of the motors 3 passing over the line or the resistance or conductivity
of the regulating and converting portion of the electrical circuit through the
medium of a multiple of condensers as described with reference to the device 5
or d or as herein provided for I have described the construction of armatures
with coils attached thereto or mounted thereon under another construction in the
same class of machine and especially for use on engines vehicles or portable objects
I sometimes form or secure the coils on plates provided with recesses and projections
into or upon which the conducting elements m' are secured as described and in
order to secure these plates in position and to provide for their operating in close
proximity to the polar extensions or arms n adapted to be in close proximity to
the end faces of the armatures m I provide counter sunk recesses into which the
rivets or bolts fit closely and I provide nut locks for the bolts or secure them in
position by forming flattened parts or recesses upon the screw end which terminates
about flush with the face in which I provide a slotted recess into which I force
molten metal this recess being of such form as to provide for the metal in cooling
firmly securing the parts in position and in some cases I provide for securing the
rings plates or sections in position through the medium of dovetailed or suitably
constructed or arranged parts so that I am enabled to employ molten metal which
when cool clamps the parts firmly together either directly upon the hub m* or
upon or to the arms rings or supports m so that the inductors and their supports
will be arranged radially or concentrically and be adapted to fit into or between
the arms or extensions of the magnet or magnets n according to the construction
of the machines as before described. Under another modification I deposit form
or place the conducting elements m' upon rings forms or supports (magnetic
or otherwise) and employ such elements upon each side of the form or support m
for instance I may employ a disc ring sheets or ribbons of insulating material say
paper vulcanite or other suitable insulating medium which may be moulded or
compressed into shape and I paint stamp or photograph upon the same the form
desired for the conductors such form being suited to the construction of the machine
I then deposit electrically or otherwise upon the portions having affinity for metal
the conducting elements or coil connected continuously as before described and
subsequently deposit thereon after the application of an insulating material a
coating of iron or an alloy of iron with nickel or other magnetic material and a coil
may be formed of such magnetic alloy by deposition and with or without being
coated with a better conducting metal or alloy superposed coils or elements may
thus be formed of magnetic and conducting metal or of magnetic metal solely one
or both of which may be connected in the external circuit with or without
including the field magnet coils of permanent or electro magnets in parallel
circuit or series independent circuits or shunts. In securing the series of blades
or armatures and the wings blades or extensions of the magnets in position upon
an electric engine I sometimes so arrange the parts that each section can be
detached independently of the others but I prefer to so construct the machine as
to avoid any possibility of ineffectiveness and with as few parts as possible firmly
secured in position and under proper construction a machine may be so made that
one piece forms the key to the whole armature or group of magnets. In the
construction of large machines or armatures I may employ a fly wheel ten feet
(more or less) in diameter with the plates or rings carrying the inductors (with
each conductor connected alternatively or in the form of a coil with or without
superposed layers as before described the conducting elements m' being preferably
formed by deposition or moulding) so as to form the spokes or support for the rim
such lates ring or supports may be moulded with the rim and hub or secured
thereto by moulding rivetting or bolting or a combination of them or by forming
the hub clamps on one side as the key and forming the plates so as to fit into
grooves or recesses or engage-in-suitably fitting parts of the rim the plates or rings

page_text: *
carrying the inductors m' will be forced firmly in position against the side of the
hub m (with or without insulation) the hub being preferably of non magnetic
material and the inductive poles n being arranged in any preferred manner but
preferably in such a way as to obviate the use of cominutating devices. I
preferably employ a series of these wheels mounted upon the same axis. For
instance all the south poles may be arranged on one side and all the north poles on
the opposite side the elements being connected to rings upon the axle which rings
may or may not fit into recesses or boxes containing a liquid such as mercury or
an insulating liquid or a combination of them and with or without the coils of
the magnets (permanent or electro magnets) being connected in the circuit and
with or without current transformers electric magazines or translating devices in
the circuit in multiple series parallel circuit or series and with or without utilizing
the earth as a portion of the electrical circuit for induction or otherwise and
with or without using the current transformers or regulating devices as herein
provided for.
In the construction of machines for application to the axles of vehicles I
sometimes provide for using the driving wheels as the support for the armatures
plates rings or sections in boxes or otherwise so as to be adapted to operate in
conjunction with one or more armatures preferably a series as described between
the wheels, under such an arrangement I provide for utilizing the entire space
between the wheels and also provide for the vertical movement permitted by the
springs or the wear of the journal boxes and I obtain a maximum of surface in
close proximity to the inductive poles all of which features are important in the
construction of electric engines I enclose the entire machine or series of machines
within an iron or other casing n* secured to the girders o of the engine or vehicle
with or without the employment of non-magnetic supports n* or insulation between
the said casing and the machine. The pole pieces n may extend lengthwise of the
frame and consist of long bars or plates of metal extending the entire length of or
the entire distance between the two sets of driving wheels and such bars may be
provided with arms or poles n of semicircular or other suitable form the bars being
secured midway between the wheels and at the back and front of the armatures
and at the top and bottom and by means of dovetailed slots or projections and
distancing strips or blocks which are so fitted as to be secured together the parts
can be arranged in position and keyed bolted clamped and nut locked or otherwise
secured so that the parts must maintain their proper working position and at the
same time permit of the vertical movement allowed by the springs any endwise
lateral movement being obviated by suitable braces across the frame and the
shoulders upon the axle adapted to operate in conjunction with the journal boxes
so as to prevent lateral movement. I sometimes employ a multiple of circuits
extending to a series of rings or commutators m upon the axle k so as to
provide for short circuiting the elements or compounding the machine and I
Bometimes employ a cut off device or devices so as to compound the machine
or to make and break or to vary the resistance in the circuit intermittently
and regularly; such cut-off device or devices may be operated by a crank
and connection geared with the shaft or axle of the engine so a.s to
alternately or consecutively or until the speed is reduced vary the supply
or so as to cut the magnets out of the circuit. I preferably employ for this
purpose a reciprocating arm carrying a plunger of conical form adapted to operate
in a liquid or I employ a ring of insulating material carrying metallic blades
which fit into their respective recesses in a box so that each department will be
distinct the shaft extending through the same and being connected with the axis
of movement. I can employ a liquid in this box as described with reference to
other circuit makers and arrangements of this kind may be employed in the
construction of the grouping boxes i for controlling the electrical circuits upon the
vehicle and the shaft d may be combined with a handle d' through bevelled
gearing d or screw gearing so that the grouping box may be arranged against
the side or front of the engine and thereby occupy but little space. The various

page_text: cutoffs and indicators for regulating the charging and overcharging and for varying
the conductivity of the electrical circuit to or from the magazines or motor circuits
or main charging circuit or the discharging circuits throughout the train or any
combination of them are preferably combined or adapted to be controlled through
the medium of circuit making devices d so constructed as to operate in conjunction
with the conductors or bars extending through or into the grouping box i and
into the cups or recesses into which the blades or plungers 7 are adapted to fit
and operate for the completion of the circuits through the medium of a liquid or
spring contacts or a combination of them as herein described. This arrangement
of circuit-making devices is applicable for central stations for charging magazines
accumulating or storing devices in derived circuits or loops in series multiple series
and parallel circuit or for converting transforming or regulating devices 5 or c or a
combination of them connected in the derived circuits in which electrical motors 3
are adapted to be operated and combined with the converting storing or circuit
regulating and cut off devices as herein described.
In the construction of batteries or magazines for accumulating or holding in
reserve electric energy I provide a special construction and arrangement of parts
in the building or equipment of engines railway carriages or other portable objects
either as electric gas magazines or electro chemical magazines. I construct the
tank q for my tender of iron or other suitable metal and line the same inside with
lead or other suitable metal with or without being covered with some insulating
elastic earthy or vitreous coating which is applied to the interior of the tank and
to the interior braces or cross ties q* and chambers and I provide grooves or
recesses into which the electrodes or elements are adapted to fit and be secured
by suitable insulating cement or insulating partitions or strips q₁ or insulating or
separating material of a porous character for instance pulverized pumice stone
wood fibre asbestos slag wool or the like which I apply to the electrodes r or
portion thereof as hereafter more fully described or in some cases I employ iron or
copper tanks or iron or steel lined with copper with an insulating or inoxidizable
lining. I employ in the construction of the electrodes r metallic foil sheets plates
or boxes of lead or other metal with or without recesses apertures or corrugations
and with or without being rendered porous by the extraction of foreign substances
metallic or otherwise chemically or by heat or mechanically with or without the
employment of materials in a finely divided state. I sometimes divide the electrodes
in these tanks into compartments so that they may operate independently of each
other in the charging or discharging circuit or so that the magazine may be more
readily built up or repaired in case of accidents and also to give increased strength
to the magazine and prevent any movement of the electrodes or elements or
sections or parts thereof in the framing or respective chambers or holders.
'In constructing my electric tender or magazine or the magazine as electro
chemical or gas magazines forming part of the equipment of the engine I form the
holder into compartments of square parallelogrammatic octagonal or other suitable
form so as to obtain the greatest surface in a given space and provide for the
elements adapted to be charged vivified or revivified being in close proximity and
separated from each other. Under one construction and these elements r are
adapted to fit closely in these chambers with insulation surrounding them such
insulation being applied to the portion of the supporting chamber of the magazine
or by a covering upon the elements which exactly fits the chamber or
carrier or the elements can be secured in position within a suitable metallic
chamber box or tube or a series of them which fit so as to fill the com-
partment or are adapted to fit upon and within the framing q* so
prevent any movement. The framing may consist of plates or angle iron
extending across and notched into each other and secured to the main framing q
the dividing strips q* may be provided with recesses adapted to receive and hold
the boxes or compartments constituting or containing the elements r. A series of
the dividing and supporting strips are arranged one above the other or the com-
partments or boxes are provided with projections or recesses adapted to fit parts
as to

page_text: corresponding reversely on cross pieces q* or the main framing 9 cap or covering q³.
(with or without an independent and detachable covering for each) secured in
position by bolts and nuts clamps screw bolts or otherwise; such main covering 9',
or series of them can be adapted to provide for covering or opening the main
chamber in which these sections of the elements r of the magazines are placed for
instance in the construction of a tender for operation on railways the metal
framing q would not in appearance materially differ from that of an ordinary
tender or water tank arranged upon a special truck or as at present arranged at
the side of the boiler or upon the engine which framing as before described is
composed partly or entirely of metal and in most cases will be mounted upon the
axles through the medium of the springs 7 supported by the axles, each compart-
ment containing the elements is provided with a tight fitting and preferably
metallic cover q' with an elastic and insulating packing g' which is secured in
position by keys nuts and bolts screw-bolts or otherwise as at q³ or a series of
compartments may be closed and tightly sealed by one cap or covering so as to
provide for utilizing the space now occupied with coal for the storage of power
electro chemically or through the medium of gases or otherwise by charging
vivifying or revivifying such magazines while running or stationary from the
permanent or fixed electrical circuits 6 In some cases I employ the elements r
with their greatest width or length arranged vertically across the line of the axis
or the reverse with or without being in detachable compartments.
In some cases I divide or form the tank into a series of compartments with the
metallic framing or cross pieces or plates 9" which I coat or cover with an
insulating material or cement and in some cases I make provision for the electrodes
or elements r of my magazine sliding into the recesses or between the projections
and in order to secure them firmly in position within such recesses at the ends
I employ an insulating material or cement with which I fill the space so as to secure
the elements firmly in position, I prevent these elements from coming in contact by
coating them with insulating material such as asbestos, wood, fibre, slay wool, pumice
stone or other materials which are first mixed with some suitable adhesive material.
I apply such coating to the elements which may consist of metal sheets plates
or foil and pack them closely together either in pairs coiled upon themselves or
coiled upon each other or the elements may consist of a series of plates or sheets
which lap each other the entire series having their ends r combined to their
respective terminals and in order to provide for making good electrical contact and
securing the parts together by lapping plates or sheets so that they extend beyond
the plates of the opposite elements the parts which extend beyond the ends of
the plates are not covered with insulation the other portions of each plate being
covered. I sometimes place these plates or sheets within a mould or form and
compress them together and force in molten metal or other suitable metal from the
bottom of the mould or form at each end thereby securing the plates or sheets r
firmly together and at the same time I insert the terminals in their proper places
in the extensions r¹ and in order to protect them against oxidation or chemical
action I provide a suitably formed extension in the mould or form so that the
molten metal employed will extend above or beyond the main portion of the same
and surround the said conductors or terminals. The projections holding the
terminals are adapted to fit in an insulating collar or washer extending through
the lid or covering 9° 9' or instead of employing extensions so formed I sometimes
provide an inoxydizable water tight insulation in which the portion of the terminals
or conductors within the battery is enclosed, this insulation may be applied sub-
sequently when securing the elements in the proper position within the parts of
the magazine or the compartments designed to receive them the terminals
or conductors preferably extending through the aperture lids, covering, ends
or sides (of the casing) which are closely sealed with insulating material
either as a permanent arrangement or by insulating packing pieces clamped or
screwed into position. In some cases I provide for separating the elements r by
slight projections of insulating material extending from or placed upon or between

page_text: the plates previously covered with the porous insulation so as to permit the free
circulation of the liquid. These plates may be of lead or other suitable material
or they may be composed of carbon or metal sheets coated with lead or other
suitable material or one of the plates may be formed of carbon and the other of
metal or I may use carbon or coke granulated or moulded or compressed within
moulds into molten lead with or without such molten metal being mixed with
some metal or substance which can be extracted by chemical means heat or
dissolution and such plates may be provided with apertures recesses or projections
upon or within which the active agents will be supported the porous insulation
being subsequently applied. In some cases I provide the plates or elements n with
coupling links as at alternately through each other or at their ends so as to
provide for alternate sections of the positive and negative elements r being coupled
in series. I also provide extensions for short circuiting or coupling the sections at
various points throughout the length of the elements or the series of elements
through the medium of the terminals which are combined with the extensions from
the elements r as described. I prefer however to always operate upon the length
of the element and sometimes form it with slits or cuts or of a zig-zag form or
in the form of rings or discs or with an aperture 7 or insulation in the centre so as to
prevent short circuiting across the element r and also to provide for uniformity in
the charging and discharging of the elements and to provide for the employment
of compound terminals which are connected at various points throughout the
length of the elements for short circuiting or throwing the elements into multiple
series circuit or to provide for a circuit as translating or working circuits from the
elements connected in continuous lengths or tension series
I carry these
extensions through insulation and protect them as before described, this arrangement
is also applicable when I employ boxes or chambers in which granulated or
pulverized materials are employed I may lead the terminals out at the sides of
the chamber q and from opposite ends of the elements through the insulation and
sides or through the insulation solely and the elements may have their greatest
length in a perpendicular or horizontal line or at an angle thereto or may be of
curved corrugated or angular form. I sometimes employ a structure or metallic
casing similar in appearance and in mounting upon the engine to an ordinary
locomotive boiler with insulation in the inner portion as described with or without
the metal being coated with lead or other material, the elements may extend
lengthwise of the structure of cylindrical semi-cylindrical flat corrugated or other
form and be superposed side by side or parallel and connected alternatively or
continuously through end plates or insulation or an insulating cap from which the
terminals extend to the switching devices d for regulating the charging and
discharging as herein described or the elements may be arranged in two or more
continuous coils or rings or sections thereof like a series of discs or rings having
their opposite ends or sides connected alternatively or coupled in the usual manner,
the arrangement of the elements may be completed before putting them into the
chamber and the entire structure of elements can then be slipped into place and
insulation poured in so as to secure the same provision being made for contraction
so as to prevent loosening; this may be accomplished by one or more recesses
dovetailed or otherwise extending around the inner portion or at the ends or I may
place one element after the other in position and cement them in position one after
the other with the necessary insulation or separation preferably through the
medium of porous insulation. Or I sometimes provide the desired insulation by
employing thin sheets of perforated metal upon which I apply the porous
insulation. Or I reverse this construction and employ porous insulating sheets and
deposit electrically or otherwise the form of the element upon the opposite sides
thereof first coating the sides mechanically or otherwise with some material
(carbonaceous or otherwise) that has affinity for metal. Under such construction
the elements n are bronght in close proximity and without the possibility of short
circuiting or the failure of the insulation. Boxes or elements having the form of
discs or flat rings may be employed and be filled with metallic oxides or other

page_text: suitable material to provide for the conservation of power electrically when placed
in the electrical circuit with the source or reserve. These elements r may be
forced and held firmly in position against any endwise movement by an end piece
provided with lugs which are adapted to pass into recesses and be turned so as to
grip a heavy flange so that the end piece can be forced home against the packing
I also provide for bolting this end piece through the flanges and I preferably
employ a packing piece of insulation between the elements and the end piece or
covering.
In order to provide for the attachment of the conducting bars or coupling links
I sometimes provide openings at the top and bottom of the cylinder or chamber or
a channel go through which I lead the conducting bars or terminals or provide for
their attachment or I may provide a detachable cap or cover for this purpose which
cap or cover may be removed at pleasure the conductors being carried back through
a channel under the same to the grouping box i or system of circuit makers d as
herein described. Terminals may be secured at other parts in a similar manner
and be connected in parallel circuit or for short-circuiting or in a continuous circuit
or in multiple series in the electrical translating circuit or in the main charging
circuit with or without other magazines c in the circuit on one or more of the
vehicles or in the main charging circuit b or a I sometimes construct these magazines
with the elements plates sheets boxes or otherwise secured in cement or insulating
materials at their ends or upon all sides or packed in a somewhat similar manner
in metal casings having parallel sides as upon a tender or at the back of the driving
department or at the side of the motors in the same position relatively thereto and
of about the same form as the water tanks of steam locomotives. In the tank
provided with parallel sides with a detachable cover q' or covers q³ q³ q' at the top:
I sometimes coat or cover the plates with porous insulating material on one side,
only and embed these plates in insulation on their ends or edges and fill in between
each set of plates or in the boxes (with or without openings or porous sides) the
active material metal metallic oxides or salts or metallic substances in a pulverized
granulated or porous condition with or without being mixed with carbon or coke.
I sometimes arrange openings or traps with suitable piping and valves as at 8 below.
the elements so as to provide for drawing off the liquids or removing the solution or
material employed and cleansing the elements or magazine by washing or otherwise
by passing suitable solutions through inlets & leading thereto from the upper portion
of the elements, this arrangement can be made applicable for all the reservoirs and
the same devices may be adapted to regulate the force of the batteries according to
the height of the liquid which may be varied at will by forcing air into an
expansible vessel or chamber or bag placed in the liquid supply portion o¹ or by
pumping apparatus o³ which may be operated by hand or through the medium of
a pump driven from the axle and by means of governing valves adapted to operate
in the pipes between the air reservoir and electric reservoir I can provide for
increasing or decreasing the height of the liquid by letting off the air which serves
to vary to the height of the column of liquid. Instead of using a pump for
forcing air a similar arrangement may be used for pumping liquid into a reservoir
which is adapted to be used in conjunction with an electric reservoir through the
medium of pipes and valves as at s these valves may be combined with an electro
magnetic device or speed governor so as to regulate the force of the current in the
discharging or charging circuit or both. This arrangement is applicable for cut
off's for stopping regulating or varying the consumption of fuel steam or gas or the
speed of shafts operated by compressed air water wind or other means or for
cutting out or putting in electric magazines in the charging circuit and may be
used as electric meters or governing devices at a generating source or in derived.
circuits in an electrical system of distribution and may be combined with the
circuits through the medium of electro magnetic devices combined in the circuits
or derived circuits (charging or discharging or both) as described with reference to
other cut offs or regulating devices. The elements r are adapted to be in such,
close proximity that the amount of liquid displaced will be very slight and the

page_text: height of the liquid can be indicated by a gauge placed in the driving department
and as the force of the battery weakens the pressure can be increased thereby
increasing the surface and decreasing the resistance. In electro chemical batteries
I sometimes use independent plates placed between the charging plates; in the
batteries these plates or elements may be secured in position and connected to the
charging or discharging circuit or these metal plates as before stated may be
perforated or porous and support porous insulation or be formed of porous insulating
material and coated with metal. The elements of the battery may be so formed
and the space between the opposite plates or surfaces may be filled with the
metallic oxides or metal in a finely divided state with or without being mixed with
carbon or coke or porous metallic plates for instance lead may be interposed between
these surfaces and in contact with them.
•
In the construction of electric magazines I sometimes employ granulated
materials and solutions separated by-suitable metallic diaphragms plates or tubes
(porous or perforated) which are coated with insulation or otherwise as before
described so as to support the active agents with or without metal diaphragm or
portion being in action; these plates or supports of cylindrical or other form are
insulated from each other at the ends or edges and are connected continuously or
otherwise with the external circuit preferably as described and through the medium
of a liquid say mercury for instance. The metal or material employed in the plates
or conductors within the active portions of the magazines is entirely dependent
upon the metallic oxides or materials and solutions used. Iron or other metal may
be employed with or without being coated with lead and I may employ acid or
alkaline solutions according to the materials used and I sometimes employ the
oxides of aluminium in combination with suitable conducting material or plates
and insulation and deposited or placed upon or between suitable insulation.
Magazines constructed as herein described are applicable for all purposes in an
electrical system of distribution as well as for use in the equipment of portable
objects or systems.
A similar construction of magazines is suitable for the storage of electric energy
through the medium of gas evolved electrically or otherwise and the elements may
be connected alternatively as herein described or one chamber may be arranged
above the other or inside of it and the terminals in the discharging circuit may be
led therefrom through insulated caps which I preferably form somewhat conical so
as to provide or fit into countersunk recesses and make a tight joint adapted to
resist the pressure of the gas from within the chambers. These boxes or chambers
may be of such a form as to be adapted for use in the construction of the magazines
herein specially provided for, the pipes for the introduction of the gases into the
converters or recomposing chamber being lead from the main reservoirs to the
lower portion of the converters. The extensions or terminals consisting of any
suitable material metal sheets or porous plates with or without being in a frag-
mentary or granulated state and with or without being mixed with or coated with
carbon or coke granulated or otherwise are packed into these chambers and the
terminals extend to the generating or developing sources (when on the engine or
portable portion of the electric system) so as to provide for being placed in the
electric circuit automatically or otherwise through the medium of the circuit
making devices d upon the engine with or without utilizing one or more of the
rails and wheels of the vehicles; other terminals or extensions extend to the circuit
making devices d or external circuit. This second set of terminals is adapted to
provide for the development of the current in the external circuit coutaining the
motors 3 and the electric regulating devices or utilating devices as herein described.
I sometimes employ a metallic framing (preferably perforated) in the construction
of these boxes chambers or elements and embed them in insulation and provide
pipes from the decomposing chamber (such pipes being covered with lead and an
insulating coating vitreous or otherwise) which pipes are connected at the bottom
of the convertor to admit the gases to their respective chambers I connect the
elements in the circuit either alternately or continuously as herein described. The

page_text: elements are supported in the outer metallic frames from which they are insulated
by pouring in suitable insulating material or otherwise as herein described. One
or more sets of pipes extend from the convertors to an automatic cut off or safety
valve which cuts out the main holder or the main charging circuit the pressure
being indicated upon a dial or by a pressure-gauge or cut off device j at 37 or by
an electric alarm or both. In some cases I provide for working from the main
holders or convertors constructed to develop less force than that desired in the
discharging circuit or circuits. In order to accomplish this I employ condensors or
induction devices c at 36 with or without magnetic cores or elements or current
transforming devices as herein described.
C
The pressure gauge or cut off device j at 37 for the magazines whatever may
be its character or the current or pressure regulator 5 or the induction of condensing
devices c in which the conductivity of the circuit is regulated or varied with or
without a multiple of conductors or a combination of them may be combined with
(or controlled by) the speed regulator or governor h and circuit controllers d and
with the main charging circuit 6 or a along the rails. The contact piece or wheel p
which I form with a curved face or of any other suitable shape is adapted to
work upon the contact plate b èxtending lengthwise of the track. In the
construction of these magazines the main portion may be upon the tender and the
converting and regulating devices be placed upon the engine together with a
reserve and the two magazines may be adapted to operate (through the medium of
the devices d in series or otherwise) the motor or other discharging circuits therefrom
or either one may be employed independently of the other with or without
accumulating or induction devices cat 36 for regulating the force of the current
in one or more of the circuits in the electrical equipment of the engine vehicle or
train. I provide magazines c similar in construction secured in suitable supports
under or in connection with each vehicle as shewn at 38 so as to connect them
with the main charging circuit or circuits band with these respective circuits
containing the translating devices I provide for charging and discharging these
magazines in groups or pairs or as gas magazines with low or high force currents
with or without interfering with the discharging or translating circuits. In order
to secure such magazines firmly in position I provide suitable chambers f of metal
which are secured to the framework of the vehicles through the medium of lugs
and screws bolts and nuts or rivets so that when attached they will constitute a
permanent fixture to the vehicle. Through these boxes or through the floor or
lower part of the frame of the vehicles I pass tight fitting plungers or cones
which are adapted to slide or move or be screwed into tight fitting cups suitably
insulated into which cups the conductors from the latter terminate preferably
through the medium of a liquid in the circuit as before described. I sometimes
employ an elastic insulating packing between the cups and the plunger; by this
means I am enabled in all cases to ensure a proper contact. The outer casings or
boxes g of the electric magazine c or some parts thereof are adapted to exactly fit
into the case or receiver t provided for the same so that it will be impossible for
the magazines to move when in use and to further ensure this result the door t'
which is at the end of the outer casing t and which is preferably on one side of
the vehicle is when being closed adapted to force inclined pieces or wedges t² over
or around the magazines and between the same and the casing with or without
the employment of an independent spring or weight lock 3. I sometimes so
arrange such magazines within their enclosing case or chamber t that except at
the will of an operator and with the door opened it will be impossible to remove a
magazine or magazines. I also provide locks and keys for controlling the access
to the magazines and to the circuit makers arranged at 39. The arrangement of
circuits and contacts is applicable in all the fittings of the train and may be
compounded. When I wish to take off several circuits or make independent
connections the conductors for the elements of the magazine extend through the
insulation and casing and I provide at 39 a cup cups or recesses into which the
plungers are adapted to operate as set forth.

page_text: It will be understood from the foregoing description with reference to varying
the conductivity of the electrical circuit that I employ either a multiple of
conductors or branches in the main electrical circuit a from the generators or
producers g or in the devices 5 or the conserving accumulating condensing or
induction devices or a combination of them or derived circuits b therefrom with
any of such devices or the translating devices in parallel circuit multiple series or
series as may be desired.-Or I provide for an equivalent result by varying the
conductivity of the electrical circuit by varying the volume or quantity or height
of a liquid or a combination of liquids (metallic or good conducting with or without
an insulating liquid for covering the good conductor or series of them or with an
insulating or bad conducting liquid) and varying to a mathematical correctness the
surface of the conducting material 8 in the devices 5 or d adapted to be operative
or controlled by the thermo or magneto electric devices 11 or d or otherwise
dependent upon the consumption or conservation or utilization of electric energy
or the electric potential in the derived circuits b with or without accumulating or
storing devices c in such circuits or in the main electrical circuits a supplied
directly from the generating source a* (dynamo or magneto electric or otherwise)
operated by gas engines steam engines water or wind engines or motors or otherwise
or from accumulating conserving or converting devices other than or in combination
with the generating source or from the reserves of electric energy. I sometimes
employ such devices 5 or d or both for regulating the generative capacity of the
generators of a dynamo or magneto electric machine or a series of them with the
devices coupled in parallel circuit multiple series or series in the main external
circuit or in a derived or shunt circuit therefrom in which is included the
coils n of the field magets n either in multiple series or parallel circuit or
series or capable of being automatically or otherwise changed from one to the
other dependent upon the force of the current or the force of the current desired
or the resistance of the external circuit or for varying the conductivity of the
electrical circuit including the coils element or elements of the Armature m or
field magnet or magnets n of the generating machine machines or sections thereof
coupled for high or low force currents or in a continuous circuit (with or
without the reversal of the current one or more times during each revolution)
by the employment of a multiple of branches of greater or less conductivity
independently or collectively so as to provide for injecting into or ejecting
from or short circuiting or interrupting the sections or parts of the field magnets
or armature or both from the circuit so as to provide for varying the conductivity
of such portions of the circuit and with or without altering the connections of such
circuit from series to multiple series or parallel circuit or vice versa automatically
or otherwise or for decreasing the length of such portion n, m of the circuit
partially or entirely as the working resistances 1, 2, 3, 4, c, 3 in the external
circuit may be thrown into or out of circuit or use so as to vary in parallel circuit
multiple series or otherwise with return by earth or the reverse or by an insulated
circuit. This method of short circuiting is applicable for converting the current
from high force to low force or vice versa through the medium of any kind of
convertor or electric potential transformer reducer or regulator g 5 d¹ 3 or a com-
bination of them and is well suited for induction devices condensers accumulators
or electric magazines electric chemical or gas batteries c and through the medium
of the regulating devices or switching devices 5, d, and liquid in the circuits it is
practicable to utilize and regulate currents of any force and to provide for the
utilization of currents of any potential or tension or to vary the tension as may be
desired even from the same accumulating storing or converting devices c either
from the generator or developer g or the transformer or regulator 5 d at any
portion of an electrical circuit for instance if an accumulator or battery or con-
densor or induction coils c or a combination of them is coupled in series or
connected continuously by leading off from any portion of such devices derived
circuits of less conductivity than would be required to discharge such part in a
given time independent currents may be developed in the external circuits b and

page_text: the difference in the force of the currents will be in proportion to the difference
of surface or the number of elements r in series or the length or resistance in the
devices c in such circuits--In so constructing motors 3 generating machines g or
devices d 5 as to provide for such method of working-I employ a multiple of
branches leading into the same or main circuit element or coil and each set of
magnets or elements or coil is connected with one circuit by a common conductor
or a series of them and through the medium of the circuit making or regulating
devices 5 d with or without being combined with a speed regulator h indicator or
controller mechanically or electrically operated as upon the shaft of a motor or
electrically operative through the passage of the current through the circuit a or b
the resistance in which is varied by the translating devices being thrown into and
out of operation and adapted to operate in loop or derived circuits in parallel
circuit multiple arc or multiple series and with or without being combined with
devices or means c for storing energy in one or more of the circuits adapted to
have their internal resistance varied by such means I sometimes combine the
multiple of circuits with a circuit controlling or switching device or devices d
operated either entirely or partially by hand with or without being combined with
a speed regulator or governor h (electric or otherwise) so as to provide for placing
the armature or field magnets or both of an electric motor or a series of them in
the electrical circuit either in series parallel circuit or multiple series either with
the main electrical circuit a directly or through the medium of a derived or branch
circuit 6 insulated partly or entirely. with return by earth or the reverse with or
without accumulating storing or converting devices c in the circuit thereto from.
the developing source a* or reserve c and with or without other means in the
circuit for varying the conductivity or resistance in such circuit at the generating
source or elsewhere By this means I am enabled to connect the elements of the
generator or storing device or a series of them with the electrical circuit a either
in series or in multiple arc or series automatically or otherwise or both through
the medium of the compound circuit maker d and circuits in the electrical circuit
of the stationary portion or in the equipment of tramcars engines trains or other
portable objects with or without automatic cut offs as at 20 to prevent the
backward flow of the current by the pressure of gas, the height of liquid springs,
weights, heat, electrically or any combination of such means in the circuits a or
derived circuits b from the main charging circuits or the discharging circuits or
between the stationary and portable circuits of the system or in the circuits adapted
to be combined with one or more motors 3 or sections of one or more motors
connected in series or parallel or multiple circuit with or without the employment
of a liquid in the circuit as described.
In some cases I maintain the circuit making or regulating device or cut off 5 in
its normal position by means of a spring, weight, float, or collapsible medium
combined with a stop so that a minimum conductivity is maintained in the circuit
or the circuit is absolutely broken except through the helix of the solenoid or one
of the individual belices as illustrated in Figure-In all cases when suitably
regulated the circuit maker 5 will be automatically adjusted in exact accordance
with the resistance in the discharging or external circuit a or b or any combination
of them or in accordance with the speed of the shaft or the current developed or
transmitted in the main circuit a or derived circuit b or an independent circuit
which represents a certain portion or relation to the main circuit or the force or
consumption or conservation in such circuit. By these means the automatic circuit
makers 5 and the current passing will be controlled as the solenoid 11 or other
electric translating device combined with the circuit maker 7 will operate upon the
core armature or part in proportion to the resistance in the circuit and thereby
regulate or vary the conductivity of such circuit. I prefer to employ independent
circuits for the motors 3 or devices in which there are wide variations in the work
being done and regulate such circuits in a similar manner And such device is an
efficient governor for a motor and can be adapted to be operative by a current
developed by the rotation or movement of the motor either from a suitably wound

page_text: coil or coils or the inductors of the armature or a miniature generator mounted
upon the shaft of the motor; for instance a metal disc or a continuous coil may bè
employed with suitably arranged pole pieces or electro magnets or permanent
magnets and with or without commutators I may employ a disc machine with a
sharp cutting or bevelled edge or periphery with the developing element connected
in the circuit through the medium of mercury or a liquid and I sometimes cover
or surround this wheel with a shield which will prevent loss of the liquid due to
centrifugal force I prefer to employ permanent magnets or include the magnets in ȧ
derived circuit from the main. The current developed by such device or a portion
of the circuit leads to the switching device electro-magnetically thermo-electrically
or otherwise operated so as to provide for varying the conductivity of the main
circuit or for interrupting and completing such circuit or for varying the
conductivity or resistance of the converting device in the charging and dis-
charging circuit and maintaining a determined force of current in the derived
circuit at variance with the force of the current developed by the generator or at
the source.
The regulating device 5 for a derived circuit can have the multiple
conductors connected at their ends to one of the derived circuits or conductors of
multiple arc or other circuit and by the employment of a liquid as before stated or
a series of insulated contact parts and a plunger or rotating piece 7 having an
armature or core 17 with or without being mounted upon a lever or rocking
beam 40 so as to be adapted to be held in position by a spring or weight 41 and be
operated by a solenoid or magnet or a series of them 11 which are combined in the
external circuit of the derived translating working or discharging circuit 6 of one
or both branches in such a manner as to regulate the current passing through the
circuit b and to reduce the force of the current in the discharging or working
circuits b or to regulate the current in the circuit to meet the variations or
fluctuations of consumption transmission or development by the action of the
current through the medium of the armature core or other means which is
depressed or elevated thereby so as to vary the height of the liquid by varying the
surface or resistance in the multiple of conductors in the circuit or the volume of
liquid
I combine with a main or generator circuit a a series of accumulating storing or
converting and regulating devices c charged in series multiple series or otherwise
therefrom with a current of high tension and I reduce or vary the force of the
current in the separate translating circuits 6 by the employment of automatic
switching devices & controlled by pumping or compressing a liquid, air or gases as
for instance at 14. 12 or by the evolution of gases in one or more cylinders
provided with one or more pistons valves or cut offs and with a spring or weight
or other means for completing a circuit so as to fire the gas evolved upon a definite
accumulation so as to provide for placing the accumulating storing or converting
devices c alternatively or consecutively in the main and translating circuits or such
actuating devices can be combined with recording devices for registering and
measuring the current. By such means the translating or discharging circuits are
rendered independent of the generator or source of electricity for a given time I
thereby control the movement of the devices d and 5 for alternately or consequ-
tively making the connection with the generator or source of electricity or reducing
the force of the current in the translating or discharging circuits
In such a system of electrical distribution the electrical generating devices
electric lamps motors or other translating devices may all be arranged in an
insulated circuit in multiple arc or multiple series in parallel circuit with or without
utilizing the earth as a portion of the main circuit as a return or the reverse and
with or without utilizing partially an uninsulated circuit as a portion of the trans-
lating or discharging circuit 6 in which accumulating storing or converting devices c
are consecutively alternatively or intermittently thrown into the charging and
discharging circuits through the medium of the switching devices d controlled
by electro magnetic or other suitable device or devices adapted to be operated
in proportion to the consumption of energy in the circuit or otherwise the

page_text: accumulating or storing devices c being combined or connected in the charging and
discharging circuit through the medium of conductors, of suitable conductivity to
regulate the current.passing.or in other words to vary the resistance or condu-tivity
in the charging and discharging circuits, or the number of elements 2. coupled in
series or the length of the element charged or to short circuit the same at one or.
more points when working into the discharging circuit through the medium of the
switching or, commutating devices d.
זי
. I sometimes combine lamps motors or other translating devices with the supply
circuit of high force, through the medium of reservoirs condensors induction or
accumulating devices c whose elements or parts are alternatively consecutively or
intermittently placed in the charging and discharging circuits through the medium
of a derived circuit which limits the current and a switching or commutating
device d-having electrical connections and including electro magnetic devices d'
for altering the circuits by short circuiting, or otherwise so as to vary the force of
the current from high to low force through a multiple series circuit parallel circuit
or a series of circuits or vice versa
I sometimes employ arc semi-incandescent or incandescent lamps or any of them in.
series for special uses. I regulate the force of the current in such circuits by varying
the conductivity as herein provided for through the medium of short circuiting
devices and electrical circuits adapted to provide for transforming high tension.
currents to currents of lower tension or vice versa with or without alternating the
current; the lamps may be arranged in multiple arc or multiple series or series.
and the force of the current can be varied or regulated by short circuiting by a
multiple of circuits the elements or length or surface of the induction condensing
or accumulating devices c through the medium of the switching devices d or the
device 5 or a combination of them with or without the employment of a liquid or
a combination of liquids in the circuit as herein described or for increasing or
varying the number of the elements in the series or charging or discharging circuit
or the carrying capacity or conductivity of the circuit through the medium of the
circuit making device d, 5, with or without a multiple of conductors or with or
without a liquid or a combination of them in the circuit adapted to provide for
varying the conductivity of such portion of the circuit between the high tension
portion of the circuit and the reduced tension through the medium of electro
imagnetic devices 11, d' as herein provided for. I combine with these regulating
devices means for working the cut offs to the steam cylinders gas cylinders or
fuel supply gas or liquid or the dampers for the admission of air with the
electro magnetic or other devices; as herein provided for indicating the con-
servation of energy and the conductivity of the circuit so as to obviate waste of
fuel or power
I sometimes employ for regulating or varying the force of the current or for
regulating or varying the resistance or conductivity in an electric circuit a
continuous conductor lapped or folded backwards or forwards alternatively or in
the form of a coil each coil or fold being insulated from each other and arranged
parallel or at an angle to each other and at right angles or at an angle to a
vertical axis and I sometimes employ a series of these arranged upon a movable
piece or plunger or upon a stationary part so that the greatest length of the
conductor will represent the greatest resistance and I employ mercury or the
liquid conductor with or without insulating liquid as a covering and adapted to be
operated in the electrical circuit by decreasing or increasing the height of the
liquid and increasing or decreasing the conductivity of the circuit as before stated
through the medium of the device 5.
I sometimes employ a conducting surface or a multiple of them of a film of
metal upon insulation in the form of a V so that the point of the conductor will
represent the minimum conductivity of the circuit and the resistance will become
decreased in proportion as the height of the column of liquid is increased.
I sometimes provide a series of these pointed terminals 8 with a plunger or.
displacer 9 of insulating material between them and adapted to provide for varying

page_text: the height of the liquid. In some cases such conductors connected with the
discharging circuit is made of increased conductivity in proportion as I wish to
decrease the force of the current in the discharging circuit.
I preferably form these conductors for use in such portions of the circuit by
depositing electrically or otherwise or embedding the same in recesses formed upon
insulating material which forms the walls of the chamber in which the liquid is
placed or such conductors may be built up or formed on detachable plates adapted
to fit into such chambers
In order to provide efficient means for short circuiting the current in case of
undue pressure in the branches or in any other circuit I employ a liquid for
instance mercury covered with insulating liquid as before stated which is placed in
a box or chamber 42 into which the conductor of the derived circuit extends I fit
a piston or float 43 which is combined with an electric translating device for
instance the core 17 of solenoid 11 with or without being combined with a rocking
lever suitably supported and weighted This electric translating device is included
in the return portion of the circuit or in a loop connected with the main so as to
short circuit any excess of current to the return or to the main The amount of
the mercury in the main derived circuit represents the conductivity or slightly less
than the conductivity of such circuit or the maximum current designed to be
passed through such circuit. In case there shall be any excess or undue pressure
in such circuit the liquid will be expanded and thereby close the derived or loop
circuit and short circuit the current in exact accordance with the excess arising
from the undue pressure
I preferably enclose the liquid in the main circuit in the chamber 42 so as to
provide for any possible expansion of the liquid
Or the circuit may be completed from or upon some predetermined rise of the
liquid and the electro magnet or solenoid 11 may be thrown into the circuit and
will actuate the armature 17 carrying a plunger for short circuiting interrupting or
reducing the flow of the current in the derived or main circuit or the rise and fall
of the liquid can provide for completing and interrupting the circuit through a
fixed connection as at 44 or a series of fixed connections extending in suitable
proximity to the chamber 43 containing the liquid. I sometimes employ a multiple
of conductors or a pointed piece of platinum or iron or other metal coated with
platinum silver copper or an alloy.
These portions of the circuit either in parallel multiple are or series circuit are
arranged in suitable insulation with or without a metallic casing or box 45 for
connection with tubular or other sections by screw couplings or otherwise which
are preferably so formed as to provide for forcing in and retaining insulation heated
or under pressure
I sometimes employ as main conductors copper or other suitable metal bars wires
or tubes which are placed in iron casings tubes or boxes with suitable vitreous or
other insulating material between the said main conductor and the outer casing
and I coat or cover the outer casing with a metal or an alloy of better conductivity
than iron say copper with or without employing a protecting or inoxidizable
coating thereon and I sometimes provide projections or arms therefrom (which may
also be coated with metal or metallic alloy to prevent oxidation) to extend into
the earth portion of the circuit; these projections or arms may extend for some
distance therefrom or be connected with water channels water or gas pipes or
railway tracks in order to provide for reducing the resistance to the derived circuits
in which the translating or utilizing devices are included or adapted to operate in
multiple are multiplo series or loops in series with or without condensing or
induction devices c and with or without devices or means c in the stationary and
portable portions of the system to provide for the conservation of power in the
form of electric energy and devices and means d, 5 to provide for regulating
converting or varying the electric potential as may be desired for any use or
application from current transformers or regulators or parts or sections thereof.
When utilizing a natural force such as the wind, tide, the heat of the Sun, the

page_text: force or fall of water, I provide means to regulate the developement of the current
by the conservation or accumulation of the power in the form of electric energy
so as to cut the generator or series out of the circuit by float or valve pumping or
compressing devices and in combination with the shaft of the Windmotor, I
employ a weighted governor which will regulate and vary the position of the
blades of the motor dependent upon the speed of the electric generator or the
speed of the wind The angle or position of a parabolic reflector may be varied
and regulated in somewhat similar manner through the medium of a second
reflector or part combined with the main electrically or mechanically in fact any
means which provides for converting and utilizing such power may be utilized for
varying the position of such devices dependent upon the heat-evolved for instance
through the medium of a liquid column and a float or piston which is combined
with the reflector the position will be regulated dependent upon the heat concen-
trated by making the normal position of the reflector so as to be suited to the
position the sun occupies relatively to the device in the morning and the tem-
perature to be imparted thereby the reflector will be automatically regulated or
it can be operated by time mechanism. I prefer however. to form the reflector
and chamber containing liquid which is of Glass or metal so that the heat will be
utilized through the medium of such liquid either by the generation of Steam and
the utilization of the Steam for motive power to drive dynamo or magneto electric
machines or by the conversion of the heat through the medium of the liquid
diffuser and thermo electric elements which are preferably coupled with an accumu-
lating or transforming device c or series of then of low internal resistance through
the medium of a commutating or switching device d adapted to alternatively or
consecutively place the elements of such device in the charging and discharging
circuits with or without other converting conserving or transforming devices o to
operate as current transformers and transmitters c at the developing source a* or
stations or in the derived discharging or working circuit b, switching circuit making
devices and devices 5 for varying the conductivity of the circuits derived or main
or both being employed as herein provided for in the circuits provided with trans-
lating devices with return by earth or the reverse with or without devices or
ineans c to make the translating devices in the discharging or working circuits
independent of the generating and storing devices or either of them for a given
time and for utilization in portable systems or devices equipped with electrical
circuits and devices for the translation of electric energy into light heat motive
power or for the purposes of traction over fixed electrical circuits b or sections or
to or from fixed points or places the devices being coupled in multiple are multiple
series parallel circuit or series or any combination of such circuits I sometimes
provide for the circulation and diffusion of the liquid and the regulation of the
temperature of the elements and the conservation of energy by the employment
of a series of pipes connected to a vertical pipe; each of these pipes lead to a
return pipe connected with the heating chamber in the circuit of the liquid in
which the thermo electric elements or series of them can be placed so as to provide
for the development of an electric current in the external circuit or circuits a of
low resistance in which the accumulating conserving or converting devices care
adapted to operate as will be understood from the foregoing description
The variation in the volume of liquid may provide for varying the number of
the conserving devices c in the electric circuit or for decreasing or stopping the
generation of the currents by employing a shade or governor whose position is
electro magnetically or otherwise controlled so as to reduce or vary the surface
exposed to the action of the sun the devices described for cutting the conserving
devices c out of the charging circuit or for regulating the charging and discharging
circuit or measuring the energy stored or conserved or for proportioning the
generation to the consumption or for regulating the electric potential or pressure
in the circuits can be combined with the devices for varying the surface exposed;
such surface may consist of a series of suitably formed lenses so as to provide for
the concentration or focussing of the rays so as to heat the chamber containing

page_text: the liquid. These devices may be supported upon a frame whose position is
controlled by time mechanism or by the height or column of the liquid or otherwise
as herein described for stopping or regulating the development or conservation of
the electric currents
I employ these improvements for the distribution of electric energy for light
heat or motive power and for operating electrical railways or in the equipment of
waggons vehicles engines or trains or other portable objects adapted to be operated
over fixed or determined lines b or from fixed or determined points or places such
as hoists elevators or vessels or torpedoes operated through the agency of electric
currents electric motor or motors connected or combined with a shaft axle or series
of them either directly or through the medium of gearing (frictional or otherwise)
for communicating motion to shaft for driving or propelling a vehicle train or
object over a circuit (metallic or partially metallic) with or without accumulating
storing or current converting or transforming or regulating devices c d
upon one
or more of the waggons vehicles or trains and with or without devices or means d 5
in the circuit of the stationary portion of the electrical circuit b to reduce convert
or transform the force of the current or electric potential in the devices or means
or working circuits forming part of the electrical equipment of the waggon vehicle
train or other portable object or a series of them adapted to utilize electric energy
for light heat motive power brake power independently or collectively through the
medium of electrical circuits and suitable translating regulating or converting and
conserving devices with the devices or means employed as berein set forth or in
combination with the devices means or methods of working apparatus or combi-
nations as set forth in the Specifications of Letters Patent herein before referred to.
In Figure 1 of the drawings I have shewn a diagrammatic view wherein the
main circuit a is connected with the producing source and provided with derived
circuits b in which I provide means for regulating the force of the current or for
varying the pressure by the employment of the devices 5 and means as at 42, 43
for short circuiting the current in case of undue pressure. I have shewn a supply
circuit a extending along the line from which branches are led to conductors or
rails b partially insulated between the lines which rails provide for conducting the
current through the electrical circuit on the engine vehicles or train with or
without the employment of the rails of the line as shewn in Figure 2. I have
shewn in Figure 1 the conductor 6 extending both for short distances and
continuously and in Figure 2 I have shewn the rails extending continuously and
formed into insulated sections connected with the source of supply the current to
these rails being controlled by the source of supply or the reserve of the current is
controlled in these derived circuits or conductors by the employment of the
device 42, 43 and 5 and an electro magnetic or electric trauslating device el
included in a controlling circuit or a series of controlling circuits e extending from
a signalmans cabin such device being adapted to operate in such a manner as to
render it impossible to cause the current to flow into the circuit b against the will
of the signalman or operator. The working of these devices is also preferably so
arranged that the circuit is completed only by or through the vehicles passing over
the circuit and the regulating device 5 is only thrown into the circuit upon the
completion of the circuit e which renders operative the device e¹. The devices e¹
are preferably so constructed as to provide for reducing the force of the current
passing through the conductor or conductors b below the force of the current
transmitted through the main circuit a excepting when I employ accumulating or
converting devices c in conjunction therewith. The device 5 is adapted to so
operate as to provide for varying the conductivity of the circuit 6 in accordance
with the variation of resistance through the electrical circuit or working resistance
forming part of the electrical equipment of a waggon vehicle or train
I have shown in this Figure various circuits with devices adapted to provide
for disturbing power through the medium of electric circuits for use at railway
stations along the lines for lighting heating or motive power in the stationary
portions of the circuit for the lighting of stations 45, 46 and 47 signalling and the

page_text: operation of movable mechanism along the lines as well as for lighting heating
motive power upon the engines vehicles or trains or for the purposes of traction or
any combination of such purposes. I have shewn devices c adapted to provide for
the conservation or accumulation of power electrically transmitted through the
circuit through the medium of electro-chemical or electric gas magazines with or
without the employment of accumulating or induction devices adapted to operate
in conjunction therewith.
I have shewn single and compound magazines or accumulating devices o but I
prefer to employ a compound magazine or magazines adapted to operate for
constantly utilizing the main circuits but in some cases a single magazine not
compounded is employed in connection with the switches and crossing or signalling
or other appliances which are adapted to operate at intervals through the medium
of the electric transmitting devices as described and set forth in the Specifications
of my previous Letters Patent.
I have shown the devices c adapted to be connected with the railway lines or
earth or an uninsulated portion of the circuit in such a manner as to provide for
operating as working resistances in the insulated portion of the circuit or a derived
or branch circuit 6 therefrom into or through which the current is induced or
caused to flow from.
These working resistances c are adapted to hold a reserve of energy at fixed points
or stations and to supply energy into the working circuits b connected therewith or
are adapted to so operate as to provide for regulating the current in the circuits so'
as to permit the variation and regulation of the force of the current in the
circuits b irrespective of the force of the current in the supply circuit a or with.
any force or tension either through the working resistances such as lamps heaters
motors or other translating devices in the derived circuit b with or without
working from electric reservoirs electro chemical or gas batteries which I preferably
adapt to operate when employed with low internal resistance in the derived or
charging circuits and limit the quantity introduced into such circuit by the
employment of the regulating devices 42, 43 and 5 adapted to provide for such a
result as herein set forth.
I have shown signals 48 along the line provided with one or more electro
magnetic or other translating devices at 49 adapted to be operated from the derived
circuits 6 of the main or distributing circuit a and to be controlled through the
medium of independent circuits extending to a system of contact makers which
are combined through the medium of interlocking mechanism for securing the
proper relative working of the signalling and other movable mechanism and light
and for signalling apparatus and for combining a series of stations or for block
signalling as under the ordinary system employed in the operation of railways so
as to secure the proper relative working of all parts so connected or combined.
The accumulating devices c either electro-chemical or gas batteries may be adapted
to supply the current necessary for a station or for independent translating devices
or groups of translating devices employed for the operation of the signalling
bolting and testing or other devices at one or more stations 45 the circuits are
shewn with the working resistances adapted to provide for the translation of
electric energy into motive power or both motive power and light at the signals 48
crossings or crossing lines 50 or bolting or testing devices or both for the lights 52
at 51 with or without being combined with lock bars or devices or means to
control the circuits or movable mechanism while the train occupies a given section
or is passing onto or from the crossing line and for fog signals 53. These various
circuits I control and interlock through the medium of the centralized system of
contact makers or circuit controllers f combined mechanically or both mechanically
and electrically so as to provide for the proper relative working of the system of
circuits which are adapted to be operated or controlled from the cabin with or
without being controlled along the line or from other cabins or blocking signalling
or testing devices the circuit extending from or in electrical communication with
such devices at distant points or stations so as to operate upon the circuit controlling.

page_text: device in the derived circuit 6 in which the electric translating devices combined
with the movable or acting parts of crossing lines torpedoes signal lights or traffic
controlling devices are adapted to operate in parallel circuit or series as may be
desired and the automatic cut off devices are adapted to provide for decreasing or
stopping the consumption of energy at each complete movement or operation of a
switch or crossing line in a similar manner to that described in the specifications
of my former Letters Patent I employ magnetic devices of simple or compound
construction adapted to operate upon an armature carrying one or more contact
parts or plungers to provide for completing the circuit one or both ways and with
or without being combined with the movable part of the signal 48 switch or crossing
Jine 50 or the testing or both bolting and testing devices 51 or the electro magnetic
devices or circuits for the operation of such movable part or parts connected
combined or adapted to operate in conjunction therewith constantly or at intervals
for cutting out or reducing the consumption of energy for the maintenance of a
signal 48 in some defined position or for stopping or reducing the consumption of
energy in the maintenance or locking of a switch crossing line locking bars or
testing and bolting devices when they occupy some defined position as fully set
forth in the Specifications of my former Letters Patent herein referred to.
At the stations 45, 46 and 47 the devices and electric circuits are indicated by
letters of reference as herein described
The producers or generators may have combined with them in the working
circuit magazines c of low internal resistance which can be alternately charged
and discharged through the medium of the device d electrically operative as
described with reference to other figures of the drawing. These magazines c are
adapted to be alternatively placed in the charging circuit from the generator or
producer and into the discharging circuit to the condensers or induction devices
through the medium of the device d or a series of them adapted to operate as
described with reference to various figures of the drawings.
Where conserving or accumulating devices c are employed either in the stationary
circuit or in the equipment of the vehicles or both I provide Automatic cut offs as
indicated in the drawings at 20 in the stationary circuits and in the equipment of
the engine or vehicles between the magazines c forming part of the equipments of
engines trains or other portable objects and the stationary source or magazines or
other devices in the stationary portion of the electric circuit I have shewn the
dynamo electric machines g at the generating source a similar in construction to
the machines illustrated in other figures of the drawings as applicable to engines
or vehicles in which a series of disc or ring armatures is employed and adapted to
operate in conjunction with inductive poles arranged at the sides of the discs.
This Construction of machine provides for subdividing or varying the connections
and thereby varying the internal resistance of the helix or helices of the magnet or
magnets or the conductor or helix or helices of the armature or armatures by the
employment of a compound set of terminals and contacts and suitable commutating
devices either automatically or otherwise operative as herein more fully described
with reference to generators condensors induction or accumulating devices
Figure 3 and 4 represent a series of derived circuits b arranged for making
electrical communication through the vehicles, the pressure regulators 42 43 and
current transformers 5 and circuit controlling devices e¹ and circuits e being indi-
cated as before described. In Figure 5 I have shewn an arrangement of batteries c
which are provided with a compound set of terminals terminating in a circuit
making device d so as to provide for varying the internal resistance of the
magazines in the charging and discharging circuits and provided with a device 5
in the discharging circuit for varying the resistance in the circuit in accordance
with the resistance in the external circuit. The electro magnetic device d¹ is
shewn as an electric motor provided with a speed regulator or governor h the shaft
of the said motor being combined with the shaft or axis d of the device d which
is provided with cam surfaces or projections that operate upon the plungers 7
These cam surfaces or projections are so arranged as to provide for throwing the

page_text: for
series elements in a multiple circuit into the charging circuit and for throwing
another set of elements into the charging circuit in series. The motor
operating the commutator d is shewn included in the charging circuit and also in
the discharging circuit so that in case there is no current passing through the
charging circuit the current passing through the discharging circuit from the
reservoirs c provides for operating such motor from the fact that the governor h
of the motor is adapted to operate in such a manner as to provide for breaking the
circuit thereto from the batteries when the current is passing through the charging
circuit and when the speed of the motor falls below a given point the current
passes through a loop from the discharging circuit and thus provides for keeping
the motor in action with a less rate of speed-The compound contacts which
provide for this result are indicated at 53 the contacts to provide for operating the
motor through the current from the generator being shewn as extending to a
greater depth than those for completing the circuit so as to place the motor in the
discharging circuit from the reservoirs c therefore as the speed diminishes the
motor is thrown into the battery circuit and operated by a portion of the current
passing therethrough. Automatic cut offs and devices for regulating the charging
or the accumulation of power in the magazines may be adapted to operate in or
upon the charging circuit as described.
In Figure 6 I have shewn an arrangement of commutating devices & in combi-
nation with devices c which devices d are adapted to operate in conjunction with:
compound electrical generators induction devices condensors or electric motors so
as to provide for varying (automatically or otherwise) the internal resistance of
such devices through the medium of compound terminals or connections as herein
described so as to provide for short circuiting or throwing into a multiple circuit
the continuous length or tension series circuit so that one or more sets of the.
terminals may be connected in a continuous length or lengths in tension series to
individual contacts or circuit making devices and with one or more other sets of
individual terminals or branches connected permanently to one end of the same
element or elements and to individual or independent collectors or contacts or con-
tacts or otherwise as herein specially provided for in the operation of generators or
induction devices-The Shaft d' is operated by the motor d' which is connected
with a pumping device as before described for pumping a liquid into the
chamber 16 into which a loop from the main charging circuit containing
the electro magnetic device 11 extends. This device 11 is adapted to
operate upon the cut off ; when the liquid reaches some predetermined
height by the completion of the circuit at 12-Such predetermined height
represents the amount of energy stored in the reservoirs c and through the medium
of the regulating device 31 included in the discharging circuit from the battery
or batteries c I provide for varying, the quantity of liquid flowing from the
reservoir 16 in accordance with the translation of energy or the variation of
resistance in the discharging circuit 6 and for restoring the communication between
the charging circuit and the reservoirs c until they again become fully charged
when they are again cut out of the circuit I have shewn in this figure the
pressure regulator 43 in the Charging Circuit the automatic cut off ; the motor d'
adapted to be operated in the charging and discharging circuit dependent upon
the action of the cut off device j and the measuring device 15; the plungers 7
operated by the device d are so arranged as to provide for operating with
individual terminals connected in series lengths with one set of contacts while
another set of terminals is connected with another set of contacts so as to provide
for one part being in the charging circuit while another part is in the discharging
circuit I have shewn three sets of the batteries or reservoirs c cach of which sets
is provided with three sets of series elements so as to provide if desired for placing
such elements in the circuit connected in multiple series through the medium of
the device d and with a multiple of branches to each of these sectional series
elements so as to provide for reducing the internal resistance to any extent which
may be desired-The contact pieces on the devices & are arranged to lap each

page_text: other and the terminals extend from one device d to the other in which the
contacts are arranged for throwing the elements into series or multiple series. ;
This device may be operated by hand or automatically and by such device I can
provide for consecutively increasing or reducing the number of the elements in the
circuit I preferably operate through the medium of pointed parts as described
with reference to the devices 5.
I employ an automatic cut off as at 20 to prevent the backward flow of the
current
In figure 7 I have shewn an arrangement of batteries which are especially
adapted for use upon vehicles and which are enclosed in a metallic casing and
provided with means for flushing or cleansing the electrodes and chambers the
commutating cut off regulating and switching devices being indicated by reference
letters and numerals similar to those herein before referred to, I have shewn at 55
a branch for short circuiting the reservoirs c or throwing them into the stationary
portion of the charging circuit collectively.
Figure 8 and 9 represent in perspective an electric engine constructed as herein
described and
Figures 10, 11. 12. 13 and 14 represent various modifications and arrangements,
of the parts constituting the elements of the machine as herein described
Figure 15 is a diagrammatic view representing various circuit controllers
and cut offs adapted to be used in the equipment of electric engines and
vehicles
N° 1 CIRCUIT CONTROLLER
This Circuit controller provides for including the motors 3 on the engine in the
discharging circuit from the batteries c or from the stationary source of supply b
either in series or multiple series, For instance :—
The contact makers 1, 2 and 3 when operated cause the motors to be included.
in series in the charging circuit so that their armatures revolve in one direction
and the contact makers 4 and 5 cause the motors to be included in multiple
series in the charging circuit so that their armatures revolve in the same
direction as that in which they revolve when the contact makers 1, 2 and 3.
are operated
The contact makers 6, 7 and 8 when operated cause the motors to be included
in series in the charging circuit in such a manner that their armatures will
be caused to revolve in an opposite direction to that in which they revolve
when the contact makers 1, 2. and. 3 are operated and the contact makers
9 and 10 when operated provide for including the motors in the charging circuit
in multiple series the current passing in such a direction as to cause the armatures
to revolve in the same direction as that in which they revolve when the contact
makers 6. 7 and 8 are operated.
-
This Circuit Controller provides for including the storage batteries or reservoirs c
on the engine or tender in the discharging circuit therefrom to the motors 3 (with
or without the employment of induction or condensing devices in such circuit)
either in series or multiple series For instance
The contact makers 1. 2 and 3 when operated provide for including the
reservoirs or magazines 1 and 2 in the discharging circuit in series and the
contact makers 4 and 5 when operated provide for including such reservoirs or
magazines in the discharging circuit in multiple series.
The contact makers 6 7 and 8 when operated provide for including the
reservoirs or magazines 3 and 4 in the discharging circuit in series and the contact
makers 9 and 10 when operated provide for including such reservoirs or magazines
in the discharging circuit in multiple series

page_text: The contact makers 1. 2. 11 and 7. 8 when operated provide for including the
hole of the reservoirs or magazines 1. 2. 3 and 4 in the discharging. circuit or
eries and the contact makers 12 and 13 when operated provide for including such
eservoirs or magazines in the discharging circuit in multiple series
The contact makers 14 and 15 when the circuit controller N° 2 is in its normal
osition provide for completing the circuit direct from the stationary source or
upply balong the line to the motors 3. with or without the employment of
aduction or condensing devices between such stationary source or supply and
uch motors

page_text: from the batteries or reservoirs in series and the contact makers 9 10. 12. 13
and 14 when operated together provide for including both sets of induction or
condensing devices in the discharging circuit from such batteries or reservoirs
in series
The Contact maker 15 when operated either at the same time as the contact 5
makers 5 and 6 or 9. 10 and 11. provides for interrupting the circuit to the.
primary coil or the element or elements the induction or condensing devices whose
discharging circuit is interrupted
This Circuit Controller is designed to provide for charging a series of reservoirs
or magazines upon one or more vehicles or upon each Vehicle of the train by
including the same in the circuit from a inachine or machines arranged upon such
vehicle or vehicles and designed when desired to act as a generator or generators-
The said circuit controller moreover provides for controlling the discharging circuit
from one or more of such reservoirs or magazines to the translating devices upon a
vehicle or vehicles such as electric lamps for instance but I prefer to employ
independent circuits for this last named purpose
When the Contact makers 1 and 2 are operated they provide for closing the
circuit from one or more of the reservoirs or magazines upon the engine to the
regulating device which provides for controlling the passage of the current from
the generator or generators on the vehicle or vehicles to the magazines or reservoirs
wherein the energy developed by such generator or generators is designed to be
stored.
In order to provide for closing the circuit of a machine or machines upon the
axle or axles or connected there with by link or other gearing-I provide means
as at 28 and as herein described for completing the circuit of a machine or
machines upon or connected with one or more axles. of one or more vehicles
throughout the train and for connecting the machine or machines with the
elements of the batteries. for storing or accumulating power electrically and I
provide devices or means as at 29 for maintaining the direction of the current
to the batteries always constant irrespective of the direction of movement of
the vehicle and I employ devices or means as at 20 for preventing any backward
flow of the current from the generator or generators and devices or means as at 32.
33. 34. for cutting the magazines c out of the circuit when some preternmined
"

page_text: storage of energy is accomplished The device at 32 is shewn as an electric gas
magazine having a decomposing and recomposing chambers elements or parts and
being placed upon a loop from the charging circuit some fraction of the current is
utilized for effecting an accumulation of gas in the holder and the decomposing
chamber is connected in the discharging circuits together with the magazines c
thereby providing for the parts working in unison and for the pressure of the gas
in the holders operating upon the device j to break the charging circuit when some
predetermined accumulation is reached. It will be understood that as many of the
machines may be thrown into the charging circuit with the batteries as may be
desired for arresting or impeding the motion of the train. I have shewn the
condensors or induction devices c adapted to be included in the motor circuits and
the circuit from the service of supply either upon the vehicles or the stationary
portion or both through the medium of the commutating device d operated by the
device d¹-I have shewn means at 5* for automatically preventing the passage of
the current to the devices c or to the electro magnetic device d excepting when the
discharging circuit of the induction or condensing devices is uninterrupted and in
accordance with the resistance in the discharging circuit. I accomplish this by the
employment of the device 5* connected in a circuit between the charging and dis-
charging circuit and in such loop I include the device d¹ and 5* so that inmediately
the current passes through the loop the device d' is thrown into operation and the
circuit to the condensors or induction devices c is closed through the device 5*
which is adapted to provide for varying and regulating the conductivity of the
circuit to the condensors or induction devices in accordance with the variation of
resistance in the discharging circuit therefrom or in accordance with the variation
in the speed of the shaft of the motor through the medium of the governing
device h
Figures 16. 17 and 18 represent in perspective in end view partly in section
and in transverse section a vehicle provided with the armatures
m, secured
to the axle and adapted to operate in combination with pole pieces which fit into
or between the said armatures rings or discs and are supported by the framing of
the vehicle so as to hold the parts in their proper relationship to each other as
described with reference to other Figures of the drawings and to provide for the
formation of the poles by the current passing through the helix or helices of the
magnet or magnets independently or collectively in series or otherwise dependent
upon the arrangement of the connections of the elements of the machine which are
regulated by the devices & The magnets may be supported upon or formed with
or by semicircular or other suitably formed magnetic cores the arms or blades of
which extend between the arms or discs or in close proximity of the elements of
the armature on opposite sides of the axis of rotation. Like letters indicate like
parts in the various figures of the drawings. Figures 15 to 19 representing in
section various modifications in the construction of such machines as previously
herein described. It will be understood that I can employ pole pieces of opposite
denomination arranged so as to adapted to operate on both side or end faces of
the armature and on opposite sides of the axis of rotation without cutting away
the pole pieces or providing for leaving a space opposite the poles. In such a case
the coils or helices of the armature are carried to a cominutator so as to provide
for working in the circuit as is usual or I may employ compound sets of armature
plates such as illustrated in Figure 14 so as to operate off both surfaces with the
connections made in a similar manner so as to provide for making the poles
operate upon the elements m' of such compound armature independently or
collectively as the poles m¹ on the forward end of the engine are shewn as so
arranged as to provide for utilizing such compound armature or for working
on both surfaces with poles or arms of poles of like denomination in proximity
to and on both sides of each disc or compound armature and on both sides of the
axis of rotation.
Figures 19 to 28 represent various modifications in the construction and
arrangements of the elements of the reservoirs or magazines herein before described

page_text: In figures 29 to 35 I have shewn in front view, plan vertical section and in
various detail views the contact makers f. for use in combining and interlocking
the electric circuits at railway stations and repeating device fl which may be also
combined electrically or both electrically and mechanically with the circuit making
devices so as to provide for securing the proper relative working of the circuits
and the devices adapted to operate along the line and be controlled from such
circuits. These circuit making devices f. may be employed as block signalling
instruments and the series of stations may be electrically combined as is usual to
prevent any conflict in the working of the signals or the operation of the trains
over any section of the line and the light and fog signalling controlling circuits or
the light and fog signalling circuits may be combined with and operated by the
devices f. at a series of stations and such circuits may be controlled by the
testing and bolting circuits for the switches or signals or any combination of them.
In Figures 36 to 42 I have shewn in section various modifications in the
construction of machines which may be adapted to act either as generators or motors
as herein described.
Having thus fully described my said invention and the manner of performing
the same.
I wish it understood that I claim.
An electric circuit loop or derived circuit for the main circuit through which a
current of high tension is transmitted having an automatic pressure regulator or
proper means to prevent an excess of current passing into such circuit means to
reduce the tension of the current passing beyond a given point in such circuit with
or without devices or means to provide for the conservation of energy in such
circuit by the employment of simple or compound electro chemical batteries
provided switching or commutating devices for consecutively alternatively or inter-
mittently charging the same or for charging one part while one or more other parts
are or may be discharging into a working or translating circuit or with or without
devices or means in such circuit for disconnecting such simple or compound
magazines from the discharging circuit automatically or at the will of an operator
or by time mechanism or electrically or automatically upon some predetermined
storage of power or capacity of the magazine or with or without having one or
more electric gas batteries adapted to provide for the conservation of power by the
evolution of gas electrically and for the development of an electric current in a
discharging or working circuit and to be automatically cut out of the charging circuit
when some predetermined amount of energy is stored with or without having one
or more compound condensers or induction devices adapted to be charged and dis-
charged through the medium of a commutating or switching device electrically or
otherwise consecutively or alternatively being connected in the charging and
discharging circuit with or without electrical connections from the translating or
working circuit to a regulating device in the charging circuit to the condensers for
automatically regulating or varying the conductivity of such portion of the circuit
in accordance with the variation of resistance a variation in the consumption of
energy in the discharging circuit or circuits of the condensing or induction devices
or to cut the condensing or induction devices out of the charging circuit automati-
cally or by hand or both when the working resistances motors lamps heaters or
other devices adapted to be operated therefrom are not in operation or in other
words when there is not a closed discharging or working circuit from the condensers
or induction devices through the medium of the independent controlling devices for
placing one or more or any number of independent working resistances in or out
of circuit with or without having the condensors or induction devices or a combi-
nation of them combined with or adapted to operate in conjunction with electro
chemical or electric gas magazines in the charging or discharging circuits thereof in
or under any of the combinations described.
The method of preventing excess of pressure in the derived or other circuits of a
system of electrical distribution or in an apparatus or system for utilizing electricity
for light heat motive power traction or other purposes or circuits adapted to
operate in combination therewith by the employment of a thermo regulating

page_text: device with or without an electro magnetic combination adapted to provide for.
varying the resistance in the derived branch loop for short circuiting the current
in accordance with any excess of pressure without breaking the circuit of supply.
The construction or use of a thermo electric pressure regulator or a thermo and
electro magnetically operative pressure regulator and short circuiting device.
provided with means for varying the resistance in the short circuiting loop or
derived circuit in accordance with the excess of pressure from the main or source
substantially as set forth.
An apparatus or system of electrical distribution in which the current is trans-
mitted with bigher tension through the main than in the discharging or working
circuits the employment of automatic pressure regulator between the translating
device and the main circuit of supply so as to prevent an excess of current passing
into the derived circuit from the main and one or more automatic current or
pressure regulators in the derived circuit adapted to provide for reducing the force
regulating and varying the current passing into a derived circuit (having a series
or groups of translating devices adapted to operate therein) in accordance with the
variation of resistance or variation of consumption of energy in such circuit with
or without the employment of means in the derived circuit or a loop therefrom for
measuring and recording the current or a fractional part of the current passing
through the circuit and the employment of independent and manually operative
controlling devices for independently operative translating devices in such circuit.
An apparatus or system of electrical distribution in which the following elements
are employed one or more partially insulated circuits in which the tension of the
current is reduced below the force of the current flowing through the main circuit
of supply or from the source as set forth in the seventh claim and an independent.
controlling circuit leading from some central point or station from which one or
more electro magnetic or electric translating devices is or are adapted to operate
and be controlled manually the device energized by the current sent through the
independent circuit being adapted to operate upon the circuit to the partially
insulated portion of the circuit in such a manner as to provide for interrupting
the current flowing to one or more sections of the partially insulated portions of
the circuit at the will of an operator at a distant point or station or a signalmans
cabin through the medium of a circuit maker under his control with or without
such independent controlling circuit or circuit maker therefor being interlocked
mechanically or electrically or both with other controlling devices or circuits or
supply circuits or both for the operation of movable mechanism switches crossings
signalling bolting testing or lighting or devices electrically operative for the
operation of a railway line or lines and with or without being combined in or with
a general system of electrical distribution in which proper electric translating
devices are adapted to operate in parallel circuit multiple series or a combination
of such circuits for lighting or heating or motive power or traction or a combination
thereof
An electric circuit in which is employed an electric motor whose shaft is provided
with or acts upon a speed regulator or governor a movable part of which is adapted,
to provide for varying the current passing through the motor by varying the extent
of the surface of the part in contact which is adapted to provide for the passage of
the current with or without the employment of a conducting liquid say mercury
in a chamber to form a portion of the circuit and provide for varying the surface
in contact therewith with or without the employment of a protecting liquid of
higher resistance as a covering for the mercury or with or without the employment
of an insulating liquid or liquid of higher resistance between the surfaces of the
metallic parts adapted to close the circuit and with or without the employment of
a spiral or coil or a series of points or individual contacts pointed or otherwise
adapted to form part of the circuit and with or without the employment of
devices or means in the circuit (as a derived circuit) to measure and record the
energy
An electrical system of distribution or electric circuit for supplying electricity,

page_text: for the operation of vehicles or trains or other purposes in which is employed one
or more partially insulated or exposed rails or conductors by which a current is
conveyed to one or more electrical connections forming part of the equipment
engine wagon vehicle or train or other movable devices or a series of them with
an automatic current transformer or regulator adapted to operate upon or in the
portion of the circuit between the source of supply and the commencement or end
of the partially insulated circuit or in the insulated part of the circuit or one or
more derived circuits connected therewith in such a manner as to reduce and
regulate the tension of the current flowing through the partially insulated section
of the circuit below that in the main circuit with or without the employment of
electric magazines induction or condensing devices of simple or compound con-
struction or a combination of them of such devices adapted to operate as current
regulators or transformers or to hold a reserve between the source and the partially
insulated rail or conductor by which an electric current is adapted to flow to one
or more working resistances forming part of the electrical equipment of an electric
engine tramcar or train or for other purposes with or without the employment of
devices or means combined in the electrical equipment of the portable device so as
to provide for storing energy as the current passes through one or more such
working resistances in the electrical connections of the wagon vehicle train or
device adapted to operate in or with a stationary system of electric circuits or
reservoirs or both substantially as set forth.
The construction of a dynamo or magneto electric or electro dynamic machine
in which a series of rings or discs are employed and caused to revolve and operate
under the influence of the poles at one or more magnets formed arranged or cut
away in such a manner that the inductive poles of opposite denomination operate
upon opposite sides of the discs or rings and upon opposite sides of the axis of
rotation between the periphery and the axis of the machine the discs or rings or
the equivalent thereof built up or formed in sections or otherwise being composed
of magnetic or non-magnetic material carrying the coil or coils of an insulated
conductor wound formed or secured upon or with the same and having its greatest
length of the coil radially in the plane of the discs or rings radially with or without
the employment of compound or multiple of circuits or branches adapted to provide
for varying the internal resistance of the electrical connections or circuit of the
armature and with or without the employment of a multiple of conductors
branches or short circuits or independent circuits for varying the internal resistance
of the helixes of the field uragnet or magnets by short circuiting through the
medium of proper contacts (preferably pointed and terminating or adapted to be
placed in electrical circuit) through the medium of electrical connections and a
switching or commutating device with or without the employment of mercury
covered with glycerine or other protecting liquid or with or without the medium
of a movable or sliding contact operating in conjunction with any number of
individuals terminals of the circuit within a chamber containing a liquid insulating
or of higher resistance than the melting parts of the metallic portions of the
circuit
A dynamo electric or electro dynamic machine having one or more magnets or
Bectional blades or cores of magnets or individual magnets provided with a
compound set of individual helixes insulated from each other or one or more helixes
of continuous length with a compound set of terminals one or more individual sets.
or branches of which are connected with and extend from the same so as to be
adapted to shorten or vary the length of the helix or to short circuit the same from
the external circuit or the helix or helixes conductor or conductors of one or more
armatures or both the helixes of the armature or armatures and field magnet or
magnets formed with attached or extending to a switching commutating or
regulating device in or through which the circuit is-is adapted to be closed or
broken or have its conducting-or resistancer- through the medium of
terminals or connections formed in or by pointed conical wedge shaped pyramidical
or equivalent parts of thin films movable or fixed of conducting matter or

page_text: otherwise, with or without operating in conjunction with mercury covered or not with
a protecting liquid or the employment of other liquid with or without the movable
and stationary parts being maintained in close contact by pressure of a spring or
the equivalent thereof
The construction of a dynamo electric or electro dynamic machine in which one
or more or a series of rings or discs are employed for supporting or carrying the
coil of a conductor or conductors insulated therefrom and adapted to form part of
an external circuit which discs rings and conducting element are revolved in front
of and in close proximity to the inductive poles of opposite denomination of one or
more magnets such poles being adapted to operate upon opposite sides of the coil.
or circuit carrying discings discs or rings and upon opposite sides of it or their
axis of rotation between the periphery and the axis of the revolving portion of
the machine the electrical circuit of the armature being completed through the
medium of two or more rings insulated from the axle and proper connections or
contacts plates or surfaces connected with the electrical connection or connections
forming part of the external circuit with or without the employment of a chamber
or box lined with (insulation and of insulating machines) adapted to provide for
retaining mercury with or without being covered with an insulating liquid for
closing the circuit between the stationary part and the coil conductor or conductors
of the circuit carried by the disc discs rotating ring or rings of the armature or for
retaining a liquid to act as a lubricator or to lessen friction between the rotating
and fixed parts of the circuit with or without the employment of four or more
rings to which a multiple of branches or circuits extend for short circuiting or
reducing or varying the internal resistance of the coil coils conductor or conductors
carried by one or more disc rings or supports single or compound constituting
a disc armature having the conducting element or elements coiled placed formed
or secured radially or concentrically upon both sides of the disc or ring in
sections or otherwise with two or more terminals extending upon the axle or
contact parts.
The construction or use of compound dynams or magnets electric or electro
dynams magnetic machine as herein described provided with a compound set of
connections or terminals one or more sets of, which are connected with one or more
sets of elements connected in continuous length or lengths or in tension series
to individual contacts or circuit making
and with one or more other sets of
individual terminals or branches connected permanently at one end with the same
element or elements and to individual or independent collectors or contacts so as to
provide for short circuiting the continuous length or lengths or the tension series
element or elements for reducing or varying the internal resistance of such element
or elements through the medium of a
or switching device automatically
or otherwise operative in the external circuit adapted to vary the arrangements
compound connections in the external circuit extending from the collectors upon
the axles so as to short circuit or throw into a multiple series or parallel circuit the
short circuiting branches
the series element or elements helix or
helixes of the armature or armatures or the helix or helixes of the magnet or
magnets or both with or without being provided with other means in the external
circuit for further varying or modifying the internal resistance of the circuit
through the conducting element helix or helixes of the armature or armatures
magnet or magnets or both consecutively or collectively in accordance with the
resistance of the external circuit or the variation of resistance in such circuit or in
accordance with the electro motive force or tension of the current needed or being
utilized or in accordance with the speed of the shaft of the motor or the work
imposed thereon either as a generator or motor substantially as set forth
compound dynamo electric or electro dynamic machine having a number of separate
magnets with inductive poles adapted to operate upon the side surfaces of the
armature or armatures provided with individual helixes insulated with individual
terminals or one or more continuous helixes for a series of magnets or arms or blades
constituting the core or cores of a magnet or magnets of the machine with one or
A

page_text: more sets of individual insulated branches integral with and extending from the
continuous helix or helixes to a compound commutating device adapted to provide
for the cutting out consecutively or collecting short circuiting or varying the
internal resistance of the machine automatically or at the will of an operator or
for throwing the undivided helixes into a series circuit or for cutting or putting
consecutively .or collectively the individual helixes or for varying the internal
resistance of the circuit containing such helixes automatically or at the will of an
operator or for varying the power of the machine as a generator or meter substan-
tially as set forth.
The construction or use of compound electro chemical batteries or accumulators
or one or more electro chemical batteries or accumulators compounded through the
medium of a commutating device automatically or otherwise operative with the
elements thereof or part of them connected in continuous length or tension series
circuit such element or elements being provided with another set of individual
terminals or branches adapted to short circuit the continuous length or tension
series circuit so as to provide for operating under reverse conditions in the charging
and discharging circuits with or without devices or means in the external circuit
automatically or otherwise operative to vary the quantity or force of the current
discharged from such elements by reducing or increasing the number of the
continuous lengths or tension series elements or parts thereof or part of them in a
multiple or parallel or series circuit through the medium of a grouping box or
commutating or circuit making device automatically or otherwise operative
In the electrical equipment of an Engine Vehicle or train for the employment of
the following element one or more dynamo or magneto electric or electro magneto
or electro dynamic machines connected or combined directly or indirectly with one
or more axles of an Engine Vehicle or train so as to be actuated by the movement
thereof in either direction one or more automatic devices or commutators electrically
and automatically operative or in lieu thereof or in conjunction therewith one or
more independent controlling devices and controlling circuits under the control of
one or more of the operators or attendants of the Vehicle or train for completing
the circuit between the magazine and the generator or for partly or entirely
utilizing the machines to impede the motion of the train and with or without
electrical connections extending to a circuit controlling device and reverser between
a source or reserve of electric power upon the Vehicle or train or between a source
in or connected with a stationery part of an electric circuit as a producing or
reserve source or a combination of them and one or more electrical machines
adapted to operate in such circuit or circuits connected or combined with an axle
or axles of the wheels so as to provide for utilizing such machine or machines as
electric moters for propelling the engine vehicle or trein in either direction or as
generators for storing energ upon the train for lighting heating or motive power
or brake purposes or for all such purposes upon the vehicle or train through the
medium of electrical connections and circuit making devices which provide for
converting any number of moters or
machines into generators and placing
it or them in electrical communication with the elements of one or more electro
chemical gas magazines or groups of magazines compounded or not upon the
engine or one or more vehiches of a train adapted to operate in the charging
curcuit from the generator or generators with or without the same time discharging
from some other part or parts into the translating or working circuits upon the
engine vehicle or train in which divers means are employed for the translation of
the current
lighting and heating brake power or other purposes upon the
engine vehicle or train
The method of operating engines vehicles or trains by electricel power by the
employment of one or more electric motors provided with a series of rings dices or
armatures projecting from the supporting hub or axis of the driving wheels or the
axis of the motor combined or adapted to be combined or operate in conjunction
with the axles of the wheels and with a series of arms or extensions constituting
the inductive magnectic poles (of one or more magnets) arranged and adapted to

page_text: operate upon the end surfaces and upon opposite sides of a series of disces rings or
armatures and upon the portion of the armature between the axis and the periphery
and upon opposite sides of the axis of rotation
The construction or use of an electric engine vehicle tramcar or train adapted to
be propelled by electric power through the medium of one or more electric motors
having the inductive magnectic poles of the motor or motors so formed or arranged
as to be adapted to operate upon the end surfaces and between the axis and
periphery and upon both the opposite sides of a series of disc sections or rings of the
amature or amatures secured upon and projecting vertically from an axle and
having the magnet or magnets formed or adapted for such result and secured to
the framing resting upon springs supported by the axles of the wheels of the
vehicles so as to provide for compensating for vertical movement or irregular pressure
An electric engine verticle tramcar or train equipped with electrical connections
circuit controlling device or devices and one or more electric motors having series
of discs or rings or projecting arms mounted and secured upon one or more axles
of the wheels or upon one or more axles independent of the wheels but connected
or combined there with by link or other gearing The magnet or magnets of one or
more of the motors being constructed arranged and supported by suitable framing
so as to be maintained in proper rotationship to present inductive poles of opposite
denomination of the same or independent magnets to the end faces or opposite sides
and towards the periphery of two or more or each disc ring or series of them
constiting the armature or armatures with or without the arms blades or poles
of the same independent magnets of opposite polarity being arranged and adapted
to operate upon both side surfaces of the disc or rings of the armature or series of
armatures on opposite sides of the axis of rotation
In the equipment of an Electric engine tramcar vehicle or tram one or more
dynamo electric machines or electric motors with field magnets secured to the
framing supported by the wheels with or without the medium of springs and having
their cores made or formed, of sectional plates or rings with their greatest width
in a line vertical to or crossing the horizontal axle line of the armature, such plates
or rings constituting the cores of one or more magnets having poles arms or pro-
jections of segmental or other form secured to or formed upon the same, adapted
to operate upon the side surfaces of a series of disc or ring armatures mounted upon
one or more axles connected to the axle or axles of the wheels by link or other
gearing or secured directly upon one or more axles of the wheels.
An electric motor having connected or combined with its shaft means for
indicating the speed of the shaft and means for regulating and varying the current
passing into the circuit of the motor by varying the extent of surface in contact in
the regulating portion of the circuit through the medium of a movable piece or
part connected with or operated by the governor or speed indicator operated by or
from the shaft of the motor with or without the employment of mercury covered
or not with a protecting insulating material contained in a chamber and adapted
to form the regulating portion of the circuit to the motor
In combination with an electrical machine for the development of an electric
current adapted to operate upon or be operated by the axles of a vehicle or by an
axle or axles adapted to have its or their movement reversed of means adapted to
operate electrically and automatically in the external circuit of the machine for
maintaining a constant direction of the current in the portion of the circuit in
which one two or more electric chemical or electrical gas magazines are adapted to
operate for the conservation or the accumulation of the energy transmitted through
uch circuit with or without the employment of an independent controlling device
or circuit under the charge of an attendant for interrupting the circuit manually
r both manually and electrically and with switching devices automatically
perative in the circuit between the developing source and the elements for storing
he energy so as to prevent the backward flow of the current from such elements
brough the circuit to the charging source or devices or means as with an electrical
as magazine for making the elements in the charging circuit for the storage of

page_text: the energy absolutely and at all times independent of the elements adapted to
develop a current or the light heat brake or other electric translating circuit and
devices or means adapted to provide for breaking the charging or developing circuit
to the magazine when some predetermined amount of energy is stored substantially
as set forth
Second An electric motor engine or machine or an electric current in which the
following elements are employed, one or more magnets so formed, arranged or cut
away and secured in position that the inductive holes thereof are adapted to
operate on opposite sides of the axis of rotation and over opposite side surfaces of
one or more discs or rings of a rotating armature or armatures carrying one or
more conductors or coils connected in continuous length or in multiple through the
medium of two or more rings and proper contacts which provide a closed circuit or
circuits, with the external circuit or circuits terminating at the rings upon the axle
of the armature with the helices of the field magnet or magnets adapted to provide
for energizing same connected in series or multiple in a continuous length with the
helix or helices or conductor or conductors of the discs or rings in the same circuit
or connected in series or multiple in the same circuit or in individual branches or
in any number of circuits and means in the circuit for placing the elements of the
motor in communication with a source of supply with or without a compound
circuit maker and circuits as means for reversing the current through elements of
the motor collectively or consecutively or in multiple in series or parallel in the
same or induced branches or circuits and with or without the employment of a
regulator or governor electrically or mechanically operative dependent upon the
speed of the shaft of the motor so as to provide for varying the resistance of the
circuit to the elements of the motor or for cutting out or putting in parts of the
elements thereof in accordance with the speed of the shaft or work being done by
the motor through the medium of a single moving part or contact pieces or an
ordinary resistance or one or more multiple circuits provided with V shaped conical
pointed pyramidical spiral or equivalent formed part or parts of the circuit
stationary or movable adapted to provide for varying the conductivity of the
circuit through the medium of the connection operated by the speed governor with
or without the employment of mercury or a conducting liquid with or without
such conducting liquid being covered with a projecting liquid of greater electrical
resistance or with or without the employment of a liquid of greater resistance or
of insulating character adapted to operate on the circuit.
The construction or use of compound electrical condensers or induction devices
or one or more condensers compounded devices or induction devices provided with
a compound set of connections or terminals one or more sets of which are
connected with one or more sets of the elements of the condensers or induction
devices in continuous lengths or tension series and with one or more other set of
individual terminals or branches connected with the same elements so as to
provide for short circuiting the continuous length or lengths of the tension series
element elements or circuit or reducing the internal resistance of the element or
elements or for varying the internal resistance through the medium of commutating
or switching devices automatically or otherwise operative with or without devices
or means in the external circuit for further varying or modifying the internal
resistance of such condensers or element through the medium of a centralized
system of contacts and switching or commutating devices or a grouping box or a
combination of them adapted to operate in such a manner as to provide for the
utilization' of such condensing or induction device or devices as current regulators
or transmitters suited to operate in conjunction with a developing or reserve
source or both of electric power to transmit the current through the mains or
external circuit directly or indirectly to the translating circuits or for transforming
or regulating the force of the current in derived or other circuits for lighting
heating motive power or other purposes.
The construction or use of a compound element for use in accumulators or
secondary batteries in which the respective electrodes are built compressed or

page_text: formed of a series of sheets or layers of lamina or metal perforated or not with or
without being first provided with a non self supporting sheet or film of metallic
oxides or substances, or material deposited mechanically electrically or otherwise
in a porous or finely divided state or evenly distributed layer (excepting through
or in the apertures or recesses when employed) and the respective series or lengths
of such electrodes being insulated from each either by thin sheets or covering or
dividing strips some neutral granulated fibrous or porous material. The respective
electrodes so formed and arranged being secured with their respective terminal
attachments of simple or compound character and the layers of the compound
elements secured by an insulating clamp, or a support of insulating material at
the ends or sides with or without the terminal connections being secured or
protected by such insulation substantially as set forth.
The construction or compound element for use in batteries or accumulators the
respective electrodes of which are composed built up or formed of a series of flexible
sheets or layers perforated or not of inoxidizable material one or both of which is
coated or supports a non self sustaining coating or film layer or deposit of metal
or material constituting an active agent of the compound element, the respective
electrodes and similar shaped parts thereof being arranged face to face, and
insulated from each other with a minimum of distance between them secured in
such position by insulating material at the ends or edges or otherwise and the
respective electrodes being combined with their terminals of simple or compound
character with or without being encased or covered by or imbedded in an
insulating material adapted to protect the same or to secure the respective parts of
the electrodes in their proper and permanent relationship to each other substantially
as set forth.
An electric magazine co:npound electrodes are employed composed of or built up
of non self supporting sheets layers or folds as herein described as set forth in the
two preceding claims such electrodes being provided with terminals secured
permanently to said electrodes and part of which is subsequently encased with
insulating material which material is adapted to secure and maintain the respective
electrodes in a fixed relationship to each with their surfaces mostly or entirely
in the same plane, the compound element being supported in a suitable casing or
chamber with their greatest width at a right angle or an angle to a horizontal plane
and secured in such chamber or compartment substantially as set forth.
The construction or use of electric tanks integral with or secured to a framing
supported by the axle of a vehicle engine or train in which the compound elements
are secured in one or more compartments formed or encased with a resisting metal
lined with insulation on lead or other protecting metal or either of them and a cap
cover or enclosing part or series of same adapted to provide against any movement
of the electrodes withor without securing the electrodes permanently in the
chambers substantially as set forth.
In combination with the electrodes of secondary batteries or a battery in liquid
tight chambers integral with or forming part of the equipment of an engine vehicle
or train the employment of devices or means adapted to operate for the cleansing
of the elements or for flushing the same without removal of the elements
substantially as set forth.
The construction or use of tanks for the storage of electricity for operating on
railway lines having electrodes secured firmly in position with the casing or
framing for supporting the same integral with or secured to the framing of the
vehicle, with the terminals from such electrodes extending to a commutating or
switching device adapted to provide for charging such elements at fixed points or
stations while stationary or running or both with or without the elements having
electrical connections adapted to provide for varying the internal resistance through
the medium of a switching or commutating device with or without a pressure
regulator in the circuit and with or without an automatic cut off to prevent the
backward flow of the current from the elements with or without an automatic
cut off to prevent waste of current by overcharging substantially as set forth.

page_text: An electric engine locomotive or vehicle adapted to be operated by an electric
current consisting of the parts constructed combined and adapted to operate or be
operated under any of the combinations described or illustrated substantially as
set forth.
An electric circuit in which is employed a compound commutating or switching
device electro magnetically or otherwise operative and one set or compound sets
of electrical connections connected with the elements of the condensing or induc-
tion device or devices in which discharging circuit one or more electric motors
with or without a speed regulator or governor connected with the shaft of the
motor for varying the conductivity of the discharging circuit for which the motor
is adapted to operate and an automatic regulator adapted to cut the condensing
or induction devices out of the charging circuit when the circuit of the motor is
interrupted or adapted to vary the conductivity of the circuit to the motor in
accordance with the varying of resistance in the motor circuit or in accordance
with the variation of the work imposed on the motor.
The construction or use of an automatic pressure regulator adapted to operate in
an electric circuit to an electric lamp or lamps or other electric translating devices
substantially as set forth with reference to Figures 42 and 43 or any mere
modification of same.
In a system of electrical circuits in which the regulating devices 42, 43 and one
or more independent controlling circuits e and circuit making devices e' in the
derived circuit b are adapted to operate and be controlled the employment of
interlocking mechanism for controlling the proper relative working of signals or
other movable mechanism and the circuits and devices connected therewith
substantially as set forth
In witness whereof I the said Joseph Stokes Williams have hereunto set my
hand and seal this twenty seventh day of October in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty three.