IMPROVEMENTS IN LIGHTING AND HEATING APPARATUS.
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Thomas Cooper Thomas, of 54, 55, and 56, Minories,
in the County of Middlesex, Assistant to Messieurs Ridsdale and Company,
Lamp Manufacturers, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LIGHTING AND
HEATING APPARATUS.".
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Thomas Cooper
Thomas at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th June
1880.
JOHN THOMAS COOPER THOMAS, of 54, 55, and 56, Minories, in the County of
Middlesex, Assistant to Messieurs Ridsdale and Company, Lamp Manufacturers.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LIGHTING AND HEATING APPARATUS.
My Invention has for its object improvements in lighting and heating apparatus.
For lighting purposes I construct a lamp wherein the flame is contained in a
" cono " of
metallic chimney, which at its lower end surrounds the burner, the
which is attached to the chimney.
The chimney is formed with a hole or holes, around which is or are secured the
inner end or ends of a glazed chamber or chambers of parabolic form in longitudinal
section, and radiating from the chimney with the larger diameter outward. The
form of chamber may be varied; it may be conical or of square or polygonal cross
section, so long as there is a gradual widening towards the outer or glazed end.
In lamps having an odd number of such chambers as above referred to, I prefer to
employ round wicks. Where four such chambers are employed, I use a flat wick
burner with its slot arranged diagonally, so as to present as nearly as may be an
equal amount of light to each chamber. My improvements are applicable to gas
and candle lamps.
"
By enclosing the light in the chimney as described, I am enabled to improve the
combustion, and obviate the darkening of the chambers by smoke, which is liable
to occur where the flame is in the chambers themselves.
In lamps of the kind in which the air necessary to support combustion is
admitted at the upper part of the lamp, passes downward, and reaches the flame
through the burner or slot (the products of combustion escaping by the chimney),,
I provide around the upper part of the chimney a second or inner top plate, which

page_text: is perforated for the passage of air, and is furnished with a deflector or guide so
arranged as to leave an annular space for the circulation of air between itself and
the chimney, to prevent overheating of the outer casing of the lamp.
To obvinto the risk of accident owing to escape by the burner of vapourized oil
from the reservoir or tank, 1 provide special holes for the escape of such vapour
from the reservoir or tank through the wall of the wick tube above the top of the
reservoir or tank.
Lamps or apparatus such as above described may be employed for various
heating purposes, including cooking.
In some cases for heating purposes I modify the arrangement of the apparatus
by closing the bottom end of the chimney, and arranging a jet or burner, or jets or
burners, in the wider part of the chamber that is connected to the chimney, holes
being provided for admission into the chamber of air to support combustion. The
heated products ascending the chimney may pass into a chamber provided with a
cover forming a hot plate, and with suitable means of escape for such products.
There may be a jet or jets, or burner or burners, at the bottom of the chimney, in
addition to that or those in the lateral chamber connected thereto, as already
described.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said John Thomas Cooper Thomas in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
24th December 1880.
JOHN THOMAS COOPER THOMAS, of 54, 55, and 56, Minories, in the County of
Middlesex, Assistant to Messieurs Ridsdale and Company, Lamp Manufacturers.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LIGHTING AND HEATING APPARATUS.'
My Invention has for its object improvements in lighting and heating apparatus.
For lighting purposes I construct a lamp wherein the flame is contained in a
metallic chimney, which at its lower end surrounds the burner, the cone of which
is attached to the chimney. The chimney is formed with a hole or holes, around
which is or are secured the inner end or ends of a chamber or chambers of parabolic
form in longitudinal section, and radiating from the chimney with the larger
diameter outward. The chamber or chambers terminates or terminate at the
chimney, and the outer end or ends of the chamber or chambers is or are closed
with glass of any suitable description, it may be by a lens or lenses. The form of
chamber may be varied, it may be conical or of square or polygonal cross section,
so long as there is a gradual widening towards the outer or glazed end. In lamps
having an odd number of such chambers as above referred to, I prefer to employ
round wicks. When four such chambers are employed, I use a flat wick burner
with its slot arranged diagonally, so as to present as nearly as may be an equal
amount of light to each chamber. My improvements are applicable to gas and
candle lamps.
By enclosing the light in the chimney as described, I am enabled to improve the
combustion and obviate the darkening of the chambers by smoke, which is liable to
occur where the flame is in the chambers themselves.

page_text: In lamps of the kind in which the air necessary to support combustion is
admitted at the upper part of the lamp, passes downward, and reaches the flame
through the burner or slot (the products of combustion escaping by the chimney),
I provide around the upper part of the chimney a second or inner top plate, which
is perforated for the passage of air, and is furnished with a deflector, guide, or wall,
so arranged as to leave an annular space for the circulation of air between itself
and the chimney, to prevent overheating of the outer casing of the lamp.
To obviate the risk of accident owing to escape by the burner of vaporized oil
from the reservoir or tank, I provide special holes for the escape of such vapour
from the reservoir or tank through the wall of the wick tube above the top of the
reservoir or tank.
Lamps or apparatus such as above described may be employed for heating
purposes.
Referring now to the accompanying two Sheets of Drawings,-
Fig. 1, Sheet 1, is a vertical sectional elevation of a lamp or lighting apparatus
constructed according to my Invention.
Fig. 2 is a plan of the same partly in section in line x, x, of Fig. 1, and Fig. 3 is
a horizontal cross section of the same in line y, y, of Fig. 1.
A is the oil tank or reservoir; B, the wick tube provided with holes B¹, B¹,
for the escape of vaporized oil; C, the burner with its slot arranged diagonally in
relation to the parabolic reflectors (see Fig. 3), and F the milled head of the wick
pinion spindle. The whole of the above parts are connected together, and are
attached by a hinged joint, and secured by a catch to the upper part of the lantern.
G is a metal chimney with holes at H, H, H, H, for the emission of light. Around
these holes are secured the inner ends of the parabolic chambers J, J, made of
bright or reflecting material. The outer ends of the chambers are closed by sheets
of glass K, K, K, K, carried in sliding frames L, L. Around the upper part of the
chimney is a perforated plate N furnished with a tubular deflector, guide, or wall M;
so arranged as to leave an annular space S for the circulation of air between M
and the chimney, to prevent over-heating of the outer casing T of the lamp. O is
a deflector attached to the hinged cover P. Q.Q, are ventilating holes protected
against draughts by a guard plate Q¹, and R, R, are small holes communicating
from the chambers into the body of the lamp. Figs. 4, 5, and 6 are horizontal
cross-sections in line y, y, of Fig. 1, shewing lamps with one, two, and three
reflecting chambers respectively for various uses. Fig. 7, Sheet 2, is a longitudinal
sectional elevation of a large lamp constructed with reflecting chambers connected
with a chimney according to my Invention, adapted for lighting and heating
purposes.
Fig. 8 is a plan of same partly in section in line y, y, of Fig. 7. C* is the cone
of an argand gas burner, but other kinds of burners, for instance, oil burners or a
series of burners arranged annularly or otherwise may be used. G is the metal
chimney with holes H, H, for the emission of light, around which holes are secured
to the chimney the inner ends of the conical chambers J, J. O is a deflector plate
and P a circular cover. 1, 1, 2, 2, are inlet holes for air, and 3, 3, egress holes for
products of combustion.
Fig. 9 shews in vertical section, and Fig. 10 in plan and section, an arrangement of
upper part of a railway carriage lamp provided with a perforated plate N, and a
deflector or guide M, according to my Invention. It will be understood the metal
chimney enters M, and that there is an annular space between the chimney and M,
as described with reference to Fig. 1. O is the deflector attached to the hinged
cover P. Q, Q, are holes for ventilation.
In my Provisional Specification, I proposed in some cases for heating purposes to
modify the arrangement of the apparatus by closing the bottom end of the chimney,
and'arranging a jet or burner, or jets or burners, in the wider part of the chamber
connected to the chimney, holes being provided for admission into the chamber of
air to support combustion. The heated products ascending the chimney were to
pass into a chamber provided with a cover forming a hot plate, and with suitablo

page_text: means of escape for such products. I also stated there might be a jet or jets, or
burner or burners, at the bottom of the chimney, in addition to that or those in the
lateral chamber connected thereto, as already described. I however do not now
claim such arrangements, as I do not consider them so advantageous as the
arrangements hereinabove described.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and explained in
what manner it is to be or may be performed or carried into practical effect, I
desire to have it understood that what I claim as secured to me under the Letters
Patent herein before in part recited is,-
1. The improved lamp or lighting apparatus, constructed and arranged
substantially as hereinbefore described and shewn in Figs. 1, 2, and 3 of the
accompanying Drawings.
2. The combination with a metal chimney of a chamber (or chambers), of
parabolic, conical, or other like form in longitudinal section, such chamber (or
chambers) being at the inner end (or ends) or smaller diameter (or diameters)
thereof joined to the chimney, so that the chamber (or chambers) radiates (or
radiate) from the chimney with its (or their) larger end or diameter (or ends or
diameters) outwards, substantially as described with reference respectively to
Figs. 1 and 3, to Fig. 4, to Fig. 5, to Fig. 6, and to Figs. 7 and 8 of the accom-
panying Drawings.
3. In lamps of the kind in which the air necessary to support combustion enters
at the upper part of the lamp, providing around the upper part of the chimney a
second or inner top plate perforated for the passage of air, and a deflector, guide, or
wall carried by such inner top plate, and so arranged as to leave an annular space
for the circulation of air between such deflector, guide, or wall itself and the
chimney, to prevent over heating of the outer case of the lamp, substantially as
described with reference respectively to Figs. 1 and 2, and to Figs. 7 and 8 of the
accompanying Drawings.
4. The improved lamp or apparatus, constructed and arranged substantially as
described with reference to Figs. 7 and 8 of the Drawings, for lighting and heating
purposes.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Thomas Cooper Thomas, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty second day of December, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty.