IMPROVEMENTS IN MECHANISM FOR MAKING CIRCULAR TENONS AND MORTISES
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Arthur Ives, of New Haven, in the
County of New Haven, and State of Connecticut, United States
of America, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MECHANISM FOR
MAKING CIRCULAR TENONS AND MORTISES."
Sealed the 6th July 1869, and dated the 24th February 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Arthur Ives
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 24th February 1869.
I, WILLIAM ARTHUR IVES, of New Haven, in the County of New
Haven, and State of Connecticut, United States of America, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MECHANISM
POR MAKING CIRCULAR TENONS AND MORTISES," to be as follows:-
The nature of my Invention consists in the peculiar construction,
combination, and arrangement of an expansive boring bit for making
circular mortises, a hollow expansive auger for making circular tenons to
fit the said circular mortises made by the expansive boring bit, and a bit
stock or holder for holding the said expansive bit and hollow auger

page_text: during the operations of making the circular mortises and tenons, which
operations are performed at one and the same time.
My Invention is intended for use in framing carriage wheels, furniture,
and other like purposes, and will be found to effect a saving of labor,
time, and expense.
E
The parts comprising the said Invention may be used in combination
or separately. I provide my apparatus with a table, on which is laid the
wood to be tenoned and mortised this table has appropriate machinery
for imparting to the wood intermittent reciprocating movements back
and forth, as well as laterally, after the manner of a planing machine, for
the purpose of feeding the wood to the mortising expansive bit and
tenoning hollow expansive auger, which are held in position by the tool
holders, the said holders being sustained in bearings, and having toothed
wheels on their inner ends, which engage with a toothed wheel on the
driving shaft. The expansive boring. bit consists of a shank having a
recess or bed near its boring end, the said bed terminating at its base in
a smooth curve, while at its upper end the bed has a rectangular groove
for the reception of the adjustable cutter,. which is so prepared as to fit
the said curve and groove in the said bed, and is held in place by a
wedging set screw. The latter has a tapering body, which passes through
an oblong slot in the cutter and into the bed, so that the cutter may be
adjusted transversely for boring circular mortises of any desired diameter,
while the said screw forces the cutter up into the groove, where the
cutter is principally held by its upper edge. However, instead of the
curved base the bed may have a V-shaped projection for the reception of
the movable cutter, a corresponding groove being formed above its
cutting edge, whereby the distance of the adjustable cutter above the
central cutter can be varied to any desired extent. The hollow expansive
auger consists of a circular hollow body, surmounted by a circular head
which contains a slot for the reception of movable dies or knife holders.
These dies receive the knives, which are set at an angle and fastened to
the dies by screws, and the said dies are made to approach or recede from
each other for cutting a small or large fenon, as the case may be, by
turning a right and left hand screw, which is held in position by a pro-
jection in the head and works in screw recesses. in the side. of the knife
holders. The said 'holders are held in position by set screws, which fit
into grooves in the sides of the holders. The tool holders, which receive
the expansive bit and hollow expansive auger, have a socket, in which

page_text: two movable jaws are held at the bottom of the socket by a pin. The
said socket has a bridge for sustaining a right and left hand screw, which
passes through the jaws, and the latter are expanded or contracted by
turning the said screw, or the jaws may be hollow and have an inward
projecting lip to embrace the tool. They may also have a screw thread
on their shanks, and be operated by a sliding sleeve having a cor-
responding threaded recess..
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Arthur Ives in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 23rd August 1869:
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
ARTHUR IVES, of New Haven, in the County of New Haven, and
State of Connecticut, United States of America, send grecting..
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing, date the Twenty-fourth day of February, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the
thirty-second year of Her reign,. did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said William Arthur Ives,
Her special licence that. I, the said William Arthur Ives, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Willian Arthur Ives, my exccutors,. administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make,. use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MECHANISM FOR MAKING CIRCULAR
TENONS AND MORTISES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
William Arthur Ives, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Arthur Ives, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same

page_text: is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
The nature of my Invention consists in a peculiar combination and
arrangement of an expansive boring bit for making circular mortises, a
hollow expansive auger for making circular tenons to fit the circular
mortises made by the expansive boring bit, and a bit stock or holder for
holding the expansive bit and hollow auger in position during the opera-
tion of making the circular mortises and tenons, which is performed at
one and the same time, and being particularly intended for use in
framing carriage wheels, furniture, &c. will be found convenient and
useful to this class of artizans, whereby a saving of labor, time, and
expense are effected by my Invention, the parts comprising the same.
being used in combination or separately.
To enable others skilled in the art to make and use my Invention, I
will now describe the same as illustrated in the accompanying Drawing
making part of this Specification, and of which Figure 1 represents a
plan or top view of my Invention; Figure 2, a front elevation;
Figures 3, 4, 5, and 6, views of the expansive bit on an enlarged scale;
Figures 7 and 8, a modification of same; Figures 9, 10, 11, and 12,
views of the hollow expansive auger; and Figures 13 and 14, views of
the bit stock or holder.
In the said Drawings A represents a table in which is laid the
wood B, C, to be tenoned and mortised. This table has appropriate
machinery for imparting to the wood intermittent reciprocating move-
ments back and forth, as well as laterally, after the manner of a planing
machine (but not shewn in the Drawing, it being well known to
mechanics), for the purpose of feeding the wood up to the mortising
expansive bit D and tenoning hollow expansive augor E, which are held
in position by the tool holder F, said holders being sustained in bear-
ings G, G, on the stand H, and having toothed wheels I, I, on their
inner ends, which engage with a wheel K on the driving shaft L carrying
a pulley M and belt N through which the combination is operated. The
expansive boring bit D consists of a shank O having a recess or bed P
near its boring end, said bed terminating at its base în a smooth curve Q,
while at its upper end the bed has a rectangular groove R for the recep-
tion of the adjustable cutter S, which is so prepared as to fit on the
curve and into the groove R in said bed, and is held in place by a
wedging set screw T having a tapering body which passes through an

page_text: oblong slot U in the cutter S and into the bed P (see Figures 3, 4,
and 6), permitting thereby a transverse adjustment of the cutter for
boring circular mortises of any desired diameter, while said screw forces
the cutter up into the groove R, where the cutter is principally held by its
upper edge. However, instead of the curved base
the bed P may
have a V-shaped projection W for the reception of the moveable cutter S,
having a corresponding groove X above its cutting edge, whereby the
distance of the cutter S above the central cutter can be varied to any
desired extent, as shown in Figures 7 and 8, which represent a modifica-
tion of my Invention. The hollow expansive auger E consists of a
circular hollow body a, surmounted by a circular head b, which contains
a slot c for the reception of movable dies or knife holders d, d. These
dies receive the knives e, e, which are set at an angle and fastened to the
dies by screws f,f, (see Figures 9, 11, and 12), and the said dies are
made to approach or recede from each other for cutting a small or large
tenon, as the case may be, by turning the right and left hand screw 9,
which is held in position by a projection in the head 6, and works in
screw recesses in the side of the knife holders, said holders being held in
position by set screws i, i, which fit into grooves k, k, in the sides of the
holders, as shewn in Figures 9 and 10. The tool holdor F, which receives
the expansive bit and hollow expansive auger, consists of a socket l, in
which two movable jaws m, m, are held at the bottom of the socket by
a pin n, said socket having a bridge o for sustaining a right and left hand
screw p, which passes through the jaws and expands or contracts the
same by turning the said sorew, or the jaws m, m, may be hollow, with
an inward projecting lip r to embrace the tool, and a screw thread on
their shanks, and operated by a sliding sleeve having a corresponding
threaded recess if preferred.
Having described my Invention, what I claim and desire to secure by
Letters Patent is,-
1st. The expansive bit D, with bed P having grooves R and projec-
tions Q, W, the adjustable cutter S made to fit said bed, and wedging
set screw T, substantially as and for the purposes described and
specified.
2d. The expansive hollow auger E, with adjustable knife holders d, d,
knives e, e, carrying and set screws g and f, f, substantially as and for
the purposes set forth and specified.
3d. The bit stock or tool holder F, with expansive jaws m, m, pin n,

page_text: bridge o, and right and left hand screw p, substantially as described and
set forth.
And, 4th. The combination of the expansive bit D, the hollow auger E
and tool holder F, arranged and operating together in manner sub-
stantially as and for the purposes described and specified.
In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and scal,
this Third day of August, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-nine.
Witnesses,
ARTHUR NEILL.
ARTHUR B. WILLIAMS.
WILLIAM ARTHUR IVES. (L.S.)