Improvements in Stoves for Heating Purposes.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 18th June, 1895
Complete Specification Left, 18th Mar., 1896-Accepted. 18th Apr., 1896
Date of Application, 18th June, 1895
Complete Specification Left, 18th Mar., 1896-Accepted. 18th Apr.. 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Stoves for Heating Purposes.
We, THOMAS BOLAS, of 60 Grove Park Terrace, Chiswick, Analytical
Chemist, ADOLPHE SMITH, of 4 Barclay Road, Walham Green, Journalist,
and GABRIEL KAMENSKY, of 21 Blomfield Road, Maida Hill, Gentleman, all in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
Our invention relates to an improved stove, the main portion of which is
constructed of baked and porous clay (which may if desired be treated with
magnesia after the baking), compressed asbestos, granular and agglomerated silica
or other refractory material.
The general form of our improved stove is that of a vertical shaft, column, or
tube, the bore or main hollow chamber of which is to contain the fuel. This
chamber may be circular, oval, square, or of other section but the surrounding wall
must be very thick-either all round or part of the way round. The thick wall of
the stove perforated with vertical channels or passages, each of which may act
as a separate chimney or flue, either alone or with a pipe as a continuation.
All these channels may be connected together at or near the top, and thus be
joined to a chimney or flue common to all.
The lower end of each vertical channel or passage is connected with the bore or
chamber of the stove, into which they enter a little above the level of the fire grate.
Several vertical channels or perforations may run into each other or join near to the
place where they enter the bore or chamber of the stove.
The fire grate consists of bars which not only form a grill or division in the bore
or chamber of the stove, but rise up vertically or obliquely so as to cross an opening
in the side of the main shaft of the stove, and allow of an open front. Those portions
of the bars which cross the open front should be made broad and thin so as to warm
the air which there enters to the fuel.
The bore or chamber of the stove, in which the fuel is placed, is closed at the
top, and a door is provided at or near the top for charging the stove with fuel. By
thus closing the top combustion is limited to that portion of the fuel which lies
immediately over the grate and adjacent to the mouths of the vertical channels or
passages which are in the thick wall of the stove. As the fuel is consumed fresh
portions descend into this area of combustion.
As it is inconvenient to construct the stove of a single piece of baked clay,
compressed asbestos or other refractory material, we prefer to build it up of a
series of suitably modelled bricks or tiles, which may be fastened together by metal
bolts which pass vertically through them; or may be held together in any other
convenient way. In the case of a large stationary stove we put the bricks or tiles
together with a ceinent, as for example fireclay.
Exterior to the stove itself may be an outer casing, shell or lattice of metal or
other suitable material; this being made ornamental if desired.
In the arrangement described the flue pipe must be connected with the stove near
the top, where the before mentioned vertical channels terminate; but as it may
often be desirable that the outflow for the gaseous products of combustion should
be at or near the bottom of the stove, we occasionally provide an additional vertical
channel or additional vertical channels in the thick wall of the stove, by which the

page_text: gaseous products of combustion can be led downwards after having ascended by
the vertical channels first mentioned, as leading upwards from a position a little
above the fire grate. When the stove is thus constructed we provide two necks for
the connection with the flue pipe or chimney one at or near the top and the other
at or near the bottom, so that either outlet may be used according to local or other
requirements.
I
Sometimes that portion of the stove which may be regarded as the front is made
much thinner in the wall than the rest, and no channels for the passage of gaseous
products of combustion are made in this part.
In order to facilitate the lighting of the stove we sometimes provide a moveable
attachment by which the upper part of the bore or chamber of the stove is
temporarily connected with the flue pipe or chimney by the most direct path, this
attachment having an opening by which fuel may be added from time to time.
When the stove is burning briskly the attachment is removed.
When the opening at or near the top of the bore or chamber of the stove:
is uncovered for the purpose of adding fresh fuel, smoke may escape, and to
prevent this we provide two doors or covers one behind the other and with a
convenient space between them. The outer door having been opened, the coal or
other fuel is passed into the intermediate space, after which the outside door is
closed and the inside door is opened.
Dated this 18th day of June 1895.
PHILIP M. JUSTICE,
55 & 56 Chancery Lane, London, Chartered Patent Agent,
For the Applicants.
Improvements in Stoves for Heating Purposes.
We, THOMAS BOLAS, of 60 Grove Park Terrace, Chiswick, Analytical
Chemist, ADOLPHE SMITH, of 4 Barclay Road, Walham Green, Journalist,
and GABRIEL KAMENSKY, of 21 Blomfield Road, Maida Hill, Gentleman, all in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
Our invention relates to an improved stove, the main portion of which is constructed
of baked and porous clay, compressed asbestos, granular and agglomerated silica or
other porous refractory material either alone or mixed together such refractory
materials being sometimes treated with magnesia after baking. The magnesia may
be applied if desired as a thin wash.
To clearly explain the nature of our invention reference is made to the accom-
panying drawings in which some forms of same are given by way of illustration it
being understood that the actual form of the stove may be varied without departing
from our invention.
In these drawings-
Fig. 1 is a front elevation of a stove.
Fig. 2 is a plan of same.
Fig. 3 is a sectional side elevation.
Fig. 4 is a plan on line x-x Fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is a back elevation.
Fig. 6 is a sectional elevation shewing a modified arrangement for the stove
top and
Fig. 7 is a sectional elevation of au addition to the stove.
The general form of our improved stove is that of a vertical shaft, column or
tube, the bore or main chamber a of which contains the fuel. This chamber may

page_text: be circular oval square or of other section; but the surrounding wall must be very:
thick either all round or part of the way round. The thickest portion of the wall
which is shown as being at the back is perforated with vertical channels or
passages beach of which may act as a separate chimney or flue-either alone or;
with a stove pipe in continuation. All, or any number of these channels may be.
connected together at or near the top such as by means of a curved box or casing c
which is connected to a chimney or flue & common to the group. The lower end.
of each channel b which is to serve as an upcast chimney or flue is connected with
the chamber a by a short curved or oblique mouth 6, opening into said chamber
a little way over the level of the fire bars or grate e.
The channels b may
run into each other or join near to the place where they are connected with the
chamber.a.
The fire grate consists of bars which not only form a grill or division in the
chamber a but also rise up vertically as shown at for obliquely so as to cover an
opening in the wall of the stove, and thus present an open front through which air
may pass. Those portions of the bars which cover the open front or the opening
are preferably made deep and thin as shown, so as to warm the air before it enters
to the fuel.
I
The chamber a is closed at the top while the stove is in use, a door g or other
closing device being provided at or near the top for this purpose and for allowing
the stove to be charged with fuel. The door g is hinged as shown at g¹ and is
provided with a corrugated part which fits upon a similarly corrugated flange on
the mouth in order to prevent the escape of smoke. By closing the top, :
combustion is limited to that portion of the fuel which lies immediately over the
grate or fire bars or adjacent to the oblique or curved mouths 6' of the vertical
channels or passages b serving as chimnies. As the fuel is consumed fresh portions
descend into this area of combustion.
As it is inconvenient and often impracticable to construct the stove of a single
piece of baked clay, or other similar material, though we may do so if desired,.
we prefer to build it up of a number of suitably shaped bricks or tiles h which in
the case of the smaller stoves may be made as perforated and shaped discs each of
which corresponds to a complete or nearly complete horizontal section of the stove;
these bricks or discs being threaded upon, and held together by, vertical metal bolts
running through them as shown at i Fig. 2. Larger stoves may be built up of
suitable bricks set with clay or other plastic material.
Exterior to the stove itself may be an outer shell casing or lattice of metal to
retain the bricks or the like in place this being made ornamental if so desired. The
stove may if desired be provided with a moveable front A and in this case the
charging door may be brought lower down if desired and the front may be one with
the metal top or not.
In the arrangement where all the vertical channels or flues are connected with
the main bore of the stove or fuel column, at a short distance above the fire grate
the flue pipe if any must obviously be connected near to or at the top of the stove
as at d but as it may often be desirable that the out flow of the gaseous products
of combustion should be at or near the bottom of the stove, we then use some one
or more of the channels bas down cast shafts for the gaseous products of combustion
and we make provision for the connection of a flue pipe with such channel or
channels near the bottom of the stove. In such a case we provide two connections
for the stove pipe; one near the top of the stove and the other near the bottom so
that the downcast shafts may be used or not as desired and the stove become equally
available for use by direct connection with a chimney or with a passage under the
floor leading to a chimney.
Such an arrangement is illustrated in Figs. 3 and 5 in which the dotted lines b*
show how some of the flues may be employed as down cast flues there being with
this arrangement three up cast flues & and two down cast flues 66. These latter may
unite in a chamber; at the base of the stove to which chamber a connection k for the
stove pipe is attached. It will be obvious that when the down cast flues are employed
:

page_text: the pipe or connection d must be closed by a stopper or cover and similarly when dis
being used must be closed.
1
It will be understood that the downcast flues 662 have no mouths such as b¹
connecting them with the base of the stove the course of the gases being up one of
the upcast flues b and then over and down the downcast flues bb².
In order to facilitate the lighting of the stove, we sometimes provide a move-
able attachment in place of the cover g by which the upper part of the chamber a
is temporarily connected with the chimney by the most direct path, this attachment
having an opening by which kindling materials or fuel may be added from time to
time. When the fuel in the stove is burning briskly the special or temporary
attachment is removed and the top of the fuel column is closed.
Such an arrangement is illustrated in Fig. 6 where a box. is superposed on the
mouth of the chamber a such box having a stopper or cover m which may be
placed in the mouth when the box is removed the box / communicates with a
box n (placed over the flues b) by means of a short socket or it may be a sliding
joint n so that the gases have a direct path through and n to the pipe d' which
is in this case attached to the box n. When the box n is removed the joint or
pipe n' must be closed by a stopper or cover. The box may be formed in halves
the division line being diagonally across same as shown so that the half carrying the
pipe d' may be turned round to set the pipe in a vertical position. The halves are
secured together in any suitable way.
When the opening at or near the top of the chamber a is opened for the
addition of fuel, smoke may escape, and to prevent this we sometimes provide two
doors or covers, preferably sliding or rotary, one behind the other with a
convenient space between them. The outer door having been opened, the fuel is
passed into the intermediate space, after which the outside door is closed and the
inside door opened.
Such an arrangement is shown in Fig. 7 where a box o is employed having a
cover m and a covering plate p for the mouth this covering plate being attached
to an arm operated by a handle r. The arrangement of double doors may how-
ever be applied to the box or mouth g³ in other ways, such as by means of a
sliding door in same.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. The improved column or base burning stove constructed of refractory or like
fire resisting material substantially in the manner described.
2. In a stove of the class described the arrangement of upcast and downcast flues
substantially as and for the purposes described.
3. In a stove of the class described an arrangement of parts for connecting by a
short path the top of the fuel column with the stove pipe substantially as and for
the purpose described.
4. In a stove of the class described an arrangement of parts for enabling fuel to be
supplied to the main chamber without allowing the smoke from the latter to escape
substantially as described.
5. The construction and arrangement of stove substantially as described and
illustrated in the drawings.
Dated this 17th day of March 1896.
PHILIP M. JUSTICE,
55 & 56 Chancery Lane, London, Chartered Patent Agent,
For the Applicants.