IMPROVEMENTS IN THE USE OF SLAGS OR SCORIA AS WASTE PRODUCTS OBTAINED FROM THE MANUFACTURE OF STEEL BY THE CONVERTER PROCESS & IN THE MODE OF OPERATING UPON THEM FOR THE PURPOSE OF SEPARATING OBTAINING & USING THE INGREDIENTS COMPOSING THE SAME PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS. PATENT to James Wright of No 10 Cornhill in the City of London
Civil Engineer for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE USE OF SLAGS
OR SCORIA AS WASTE PRODUCTS OBTAINED FROM THE MANUFACTURE OF STEEL
BY THE CONVERTER PROCESS & IN THE MODE OF OPERATING UPON THEM
FOR THE PURPOSE OF SEPARATING OBTAINING & USING THE INGREDIENTS
COMPOSING THE SAME
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Wright at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd April 1883.
:
JAMES WRIGHT, of N° 10 Cornhill, in the City of London Civil Engineer
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE USE OF SLAGS OR SCORIA AS WASTE PRODUCTS OBTAINED
FROM THE MANUFACTURE OF STEEL BY THE CONVERTER PROCESS AND IN THE
MODE OF OPERATING UPON THEM FOR THE PURPOSE OF SEPARATING OBTAINING
AND USING THE INGREDIENTS COMPOSING THE SAME
After the Steel has been poured out of the Converter there remains a large
portion of Scoria called Slag which I find contains a number of valuablo
ingredients, more particularly iron, which hitherto have been thrown away on the
waste heaps.
The object of my invention is to recover these ingredients which principally
consist of small pieces of iron, some per-oxide of iron & a considerable portion of
Silica and Silicates of iron, lime, & alumina
My process is as follows:-
When the Slag is taken from the Converter, it is friable & easily broken by
hammers, into moderate sized lumps & then passed through a "Blakes Crusher," or
similar machine so as to reduce it to a size small enough for being treated by a
Crushing & pulverising machine by which it is reduced to a granular condition.

page_text: The metallic portions retain their original volume varying from a pea to a
walnut in size. I then separate the different ingredients, partly by the operation,
Sieving, & partly by winnowing, whereby the particles arrange themselves according
to their specific gravities or by washing over inclined planes, or by means of a
buddle, whereby according to their densities the different ingredients arrange
themselves and may them be recovered and applied to their different uses.
6
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said James Wright in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 3rd October
1883.
JAMES WRIGHT of 10 Cornhill in the City of London Civil Engineer IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE USE OF SLAGS OR SCORIA AS WASTE PRODUCTS OBTAINED FROM
THE MANUFACTURE OF STEEL BY THE CONVERTER PROCESS AND IN THE MODE OF
OPERATING UPON THEM FOR THE PURPOSE OF SEPARATING OBTAINING AND USING
THE INGREDIENTS COMPOSING THE SAME.
When steel is made by means of what is known as the converter process, either
acid or basic, there is formed within the Converter during the operation, a
considerable mass of slag or scoria, which hitherto has been thrown away as refuse,
but which contains a number of valuable ingredients: my invention has for object
the recovery of the most important of these in such a state as to make them
reusable: One the Chief components of these slags consist of small masses of steel
and iron in different metallic states and in volumes varying from a very small shot
up to the size of a Walnut; In some of the old Waste banks formed of Converter
slags I find the slag contains about one-fifth of these metallic portions. The other
Components consist of agglutinated masses of oxides and silicates of iron of lime
and of alumina in varying proportions and Combinations. I propose by dis-
integrating and pulverizing the slags to separate the composing ingredients so as
more easily to recover them and obtain them in a state suitable for being used
again for similar or other purposes
To Effect this I take converter slags either from old Waste heaps or as they are
taken from the Converter after the charge of steel is drawn off, and by means of
hammers or other suitable breaking machinery I break them into moderate sized
lumps preparatory to disintegrating and pulverizing them dry, by means of rollers,
edge runners or any other well known pulverizing machinery. While being
pulverized the metallic portions are separated from the seliceous compounds, the
latter being reduced to a powder, while the former resist disintegration and retain
their volume. By means of seives of varying meshes the metallic portion is
separated from the powdered oxides and silicates and is then in a suitable condition
for being remelted in Cupola or other furnace and converted into steel or iron bars.
The pulverized portions consisting of the oxides and silicates before mentioned are

page_text: in a suitable state for being used in the manufacture of Cements or Cementitious
mixtures for use in combination with limes for concretes and other similar uses.
Having now described my invention and explained in what the same consists
and how it is carried out I wish it understood that what I claim and wish secured
to me by the before in part recited Letters patent is
The treatment of converter slags having for object the recovery and use of the
small masses of metal contained within them which has hitherto been overlooked
and thrown away. And as consequent upon and resulting from the treatment of
the said slags for the recovery of the said metallic portions, by means dry dis-
integration and pulverization, the recovery of the oxides and silicates of iron, of
lime, and of alumina, in a state of powder and highly suitable for being used as
components of Cements and Cementitious mixtures for building and similar
purposes.
In Witness whereof I the said James Wright have hereunto set my hand and
Beal to these presents this second day of October One thousand eight hundred and
eighty three.