Improvements in or relating to Centrifugal Pumps.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 17th Apr., 1899
Complete Specification Left, 17th Jan., 1900-Accepted, 3rd Mar., 1900
Improvements in or relating to Centrifugal Pumps.
I, EDMOND EMILE MARCHAND, Bey, Chief Engineer and Manager of the Sugar
Plantation of Daira-Sanieh, Erment, Upper Egypt, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention to be as follows:
The present invention relates to improvements in centrifugal pumps for the
purpose of increasing their work or yield, by a construction whereby the liquid
is made to pass along a curved way without rectilineal corners or angles, such
as are found in pumps at present in use.
In ordinary pumps the liquid makes a first turn at right angles on passing
from the suction-pipe into each opening of the turbine, a second like bend is
made in passing from the openings (oeillard) between the blades of the turbine,
and finally a third like bend or angle is made in passing from here into the
body of the pump.
In the improved construction of pump, the water is introduced through an
elbow, curved, as required, into the turbine provided with a single opening leading
by a circular passage or track, curved in section, to the blades of the turbine;
on coming out from them the liquid passes into the body of the pump, which is,
preferably, in three parts: the first part which covers one of the lateral faces of
the turbine is secured to the curved suction tube; the second part or cover is
secured to the former and connected to the evacuation or out-flow tube arranged
axially with the axis of rotation of the turbine; and the counter-body or third
part which covers the other lateral face of the turbine, and is concentric with
the outer cover or part. These three parts form together an annular space of
curvilineal section communicating with the outflow tube. On the counter-body
are wings cast with or fitted to it, and of a height, at every point equal to the
distance between the counter-body and the cover or part. As the water issues
from the turbine, it is given a gyratory movement, but it meets the blades and
follows their lines or direction, and, as the last portion of these blades is so
arranged as to be in a plane passing through the axis of rotation, the
water, when leaving them takes a rectilineal movement, in the direction of the
axis or of the outflow tube.
As the turbine is subject to a pressure in a longitudinal direction, one of the
extremities of its shaft is set against a step or bearing at the extremity of the
counter-body while the other end is fluted and turns in a bearing, a third inter-
mediate hearing, which may be formed solid with the fluid inlet elbow, supports
the shaft in the centre of its length. A pulley, or transmission gear, according
to requirements, is placed on the shaft between the two bearings. To balance
the turbine the counter-body which is hollow is pierced with holes by which the
water passes, so that the other face of the turbine is subject to the pressure of
the column of water flowing back, in a direction contrary to the pressure which
it receives on the other side.
If the suction cannot be arranged under the frame which supports the pump,

page_text: In the interior and concentrical with the casing C is arranged the counter-
body D which surrounds the back part of the turbine A and is so shaped that
between its outer surface and the inner surface of the casing an annular conical
space is formed the apex of which lies in the centre of the delivery tube J. In
this space are arranged ribs h, cast in one piece with or attached to the conical
body D, these ribs being of a height equal everywhere to the distance between
the part D and the casing C, i.e. so as to extend up to the casing C, thus forming
partitions in the said annular space.
Each rib is at the beginning strongly inclined towards the plane of rotation
of the turbine A, afterwards it is curved until the other end passes into the
plane of the axis of the shaft of the turbine. These ribs begin near the
plane in which the flanges of B and C meet, and terminate at the other end,
near the plane where the flanges g and j of the casing C and the tube J meet,
or better still, where the cap is joined to the body D as represented in Figure 1.
The conical body D serves as a bearing block to one end of the shaft L, lubricant
being supplied through a passage in a plate of a lubricator t. This plate is, as
regards its outside form, shaped like a knife (Figure 3), so as to offer as little
resistance as possible to the flow of the water.
The shaft L passes through the suction tube E provided with a bearing m for
the purpose of supporting it, while its other end is supported in a bearing
bracket G carried on a base H. At k is provided an air-cock or outlet.
Working.
The pump being fetched, as usual, .e. filled with water up to the passage k the
turbine is started. The water contained in the pump is delivered and the space
vacated by it occupied by water from the suction tube which, in its turn, is
delivered, and so on.
In order to enter the turbine A the water passes through the elbow E describing
a large arc, and in entering and passing along the turbine it follows a suitably
curved course, and on leaving the turbine it also passes along a strongly curved
way so as to reduce the losses of delivery to a minimum.
When leaving the turbine A, the liquid has a gyratory movement, but here it
encounters the ribs h which cause the water to change its direction of flow until
it is brought into a rectilineal movement at right angles to the plane of rotation
of the turbine and coinciding with the axis of the delivery tube J whence the
water passes to its destination.
It will be readily observed that, from its entry into the pump to its exit, the
water always travels in a curve without meeting any sharp corners.
This also
applies to its entry and to its leaving the pump, a feature not to be found in the
case of known centrifugal pumps, in which the water is forced along a passage
having three right angle turns, as represented by 1-2-3 in Figure 3.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
1. A centrifugal or turbine pump, characterised by an arrangement of parts
whereby the liquid is constantly forced along a curved passage without sudden or
sharp turns, the turbine being provided with a single inlet orifice communicating
with the suction tube and forming the opening of a circular passage of curved-
lined section, leading to wings or blades which extend into the circularly shaped
body of the pump the said body being of curved-line section and provided with
ribs for the purpose of changing the gyratory movement of the water into a
rectilineal movement in the direction of the axis of rotation of the turbine and
of the delivery pipe, substantially as described.
2. A centrifugal or turbine pump comprising a curved inlet conduit, a shaft
carrying blades, a circular conical casing, a similarly shaped inner body provided
with a series of curved ribs extending between it and the inner surface of the