IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER HEATERS AND FUEL ECONOMIZERS APPLICABLE IN PART TO STEAM PROALATION
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Isaac Shimwell M.Dougall of Irk Vale, Chadderton, near
Manchester in the County of Lancaster for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN WATER HEATERS AND FUEL ECONOMIZERS APPLICABLE IN PART TO STEAM
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Isaac Shimwell M°Dougall
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd December 1882.
ISAAC SHIMWELL MCDOUGALL of Irk Vale Chadderton near Manchester in the
County of Lancaster "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER HEATERS AND FUEL ECONOMIZERS
APPLICABLE IN PART TO STEAM GENERATORS
"
In constructing an apparatus according to my Invention I make an outer
cylinder provided with ends perforated so as to receive a series of tubes or pipes
which at such extremity are firmly connected to the said ends so that the said
tubes or pipes extend through the said cylinder-According to the strength of the
vessel a greater or less number of these tubes or pipes may be screwed at the ends
and fitted with suitable nuts so as to act as stays for the purpose of tying the ends
together.
The cylinder thus formed is placed in an ordinary flue or other place through
which the heated gases pass the portion of the flue immediately surrounding the
vessel being if necessary enlarged to allow the heated gases to pass along freely
The gases may be made to pass through the internal tubes and along the external
cylinder or vice versa thus surrounding and intersecting the volumn of liquid to
be heated-The gases may also be made to pass through the internal tubes and
along the cylinder at the same time or if desired the vessel instead of being placed
in a flue may be coated with some non conducting substance so as to retain the
heat and the heated gases be passed through the internal tubes only.
One end of the cylinders may be made larger than the other and as the ends
and tubes are rigidly connected together they can be withdrawn bodily from the
cylinder (without disturbing the joints connecting the ends and the tubes together)
by simply releasing the fastenings which join the ends of the cylinder. By this
ineans the whole series of tubes and the two ends are laid open to inspection and
facility is afforded for cleaning and repairing

page_text: If desired instead of making the cylinder ends of different diameters the same
result may be obtained by making the cylinder parallel and placing lining rings
between the ends and the cylinder which when released will admit of the ends and
tubes being withdrawn bodily as before described.
A further improvement is obtained by providing the vessel with means for
expansion and contraction so as to correct any variation in the length of the tubes
and cylinder resulting from the effect of unequal temperature and thus prevent
the breaking of joints and undue straining and leakage
For this purpose I provide in the body of the vessel a hoop of a U form in
section or by making eleastic joints by means of flanges or angle irons or other
suitable means provided for expansion and contraction. Steam generators or steam
boilers can also be constructed on this principle If a vessel constructed as described
be connected by ordinary mountings to a dome or steam receiver a steam boiler
would be produced possessing the same advantages for inspection cleaning over-
hauling and repairs as those already indicated or if desired a self contained
boiler can be constructed on this principle by arranging the tubes so as to allow
suitable space for steam and water. Multitubular boilers can thus be constructed
which will possess the advantage of being provided with suitable means for
expansion at the ends and thus obviate (grooving) or fracture at flanges angle
irons and end plates
For purposes generally where spaces is not of moment the outer cylinder is for
convenience of construction made circular but in special cases where space is
limited the shape of the outer cylinder can be modified to suit the limited space
available This consideration is of great importance in steam ships and sometimes
in buildings
In applying this vessel as a steam generator or economizer to land and marine
boilers it will be necessary in most instances to construct an outer casing or flue
to convey the heated gases from the furnace or other sources both through the
pipes and around the cylinder. In marine boilers the usual smoke box or funnel
may be utilized for the purpose of receiving the vessel but will be enlarged if
necessary to such an extent as to allow the gases to pass freely where the vessel
is fixed At some convenient position means of access to the ends of the vessel
are provided and suitable dust chambers constructed with doors and dampers
arranged for convenience of cleaning. A vessel as described made of metal of high
conductivity can be applied as an economizer to locomotive boilers by fixing it
in such a position that the waste steam and heated gases from the boiler and
engine shall pass along the shell and through the tubes of the vessel. The funnel
or smoke box or other suitable place for fixing the vessel being enlarged so as to
allow the free passage of the steam and gases
The apparatus hereinbefore described is furnished with suitable connection for
the inlet and exit of water and two or more of them may be combined in one
flue or flues or other place and the brickwork or walls of the flue or flues may
be arranged so that the waste products of combustion or other heating medium
may be caused to pass first around and through one apparatus thence passing
to another and so on. Bye flue and pipes may be provided which can be used
when it is desired to cut off the passage of either gases or water through the
apparatus

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Isaac Shimwell MoDougall in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 21st June 1883.
ISAAC SHIMWELL MCDOUGALL of Irk Vale Chadderton near Manchester in the
County of Lancaster "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER HEATERS AND FUEL ECONOMIZERS,
APPLICABLE IN PART TO STEAM GENERATORS
"
My Invention has for its object to provide apparatus which is principally
applicable as a feed water heater and fuel economizer by utilizing the waste heat
from furnaces in the heating of feed water so as thereby to economize fuel. In
order that my said Invention may be fully understood I will describe it with
reference to the accompanying drawings which represent various applications of the
said apparatus according to my said Invention. Figure 1 shews in Sectional
elevation its application to a stationary boiler furnace. Figure 2 is a partial
sectional plan of the same. Figure 3 shews its application to a marine boiler and
Figure 4 shews its application to the funnel of a locomotive.
In constructing an apparatus according to my Invention I make an outer
cylinder A and provided with ends a a perforated so as to receive a series of tubes
or pipes b b which at each extremity are firmly connected to the said ends a a so
that the said tubes or pipes extend through the said cylinder A. According to the
strength of the vessel a greater or less number of these tubes or pipes b b may be
screwed at the ends by nuts as shewn at Figures 3 and 4 or they may be fastened
in any other suitable way so as to act as stays for the purpose of tying the ends a a
together.
The cylinder A thus formed is placed in an ordinary flue or other place through
which the heated gases pass, the portion of the flue immediately surrounding the
vessel being if necessary enlarged to allow the heated gases to pass along freely-
The gases may be made to pass from the flues of the furnace through the internal
tubes bb and also along the outside of the cylinder A or first through or along one
and then the other thus surrounding and intersecting the volume of liquid to be
heated or the gases may if desired be caused to first pass through the internal tubes
and then along the exterior of the cylinder or vice versa. There may be one or
more than one of the vessels A as desired. If desired the vessel or vessels A. instead
of being placed in a flue may be coated with some non conducting substance so as
to retain the heat and the heated gases be passed through the internal tubes
only.
One end of the Cylinder A, may be made larger than the other and as the ends
a a and tubes b, b, are rigidly connected together they can be withdrawn bodily
from the cylinder A (without disturbing the joints connecting the ends and the
tubes together) by simply releasing the fastenings which join the ends to the
cylinder. By this means the whole series of tubes and the two ends are laid open
to inspection and facility is afforded for cleaning and repairing.
If desired instead of making the cylinder ends of different diameters the same
result may be obtained by making the cylinder parallel and placing lining rings cc
between the turned up edges of the ends and the ends of the cylinder which rings
when released and removed will admit of the ends and tubes being withdrawn
bodily as before described.
The vessel may be provided with means for expansion and contraction so as to
correct any variation in length of the tubes and cylinder resulting from the effect
of unequal temperature and thus prevent breaking of joints and undue straining
and leakage. For this purpose I provide in the body of the vessel a hoop d (or
hoops) of a U form in section or by making elastic joints by means of flanges or
angle irons or other suitable means provide for expansion and contraction. If a
vessel constructed as described be connected by ordinary mountings to a dome or
Steam receiver a steam boiler would be produced possessing the same advantages
for inspection cleaning overhauling and repairs as those already indicated. Or if

page_text: desired a self contained boiler can be constructed on this principle by arranging
the tubes so as to allow suitable space for steam and water. Multibular boilers
can thus be constructed which will possess the advantage of being provided with
suitable means for expansion at the ends and thus obviate "grooving or fracture
at flanges angle irons and end plates whilst at the same time the ends and tubes
can be withdrawn from either end of the boiler.
For purposes generally where space is not of moment the outer cylinder is for
convenience of construction made circular but in special cases where space is
limited the shape of the outer cylinder can be modified to suit the limited space
available. This consideration is of great importance in Steam Ships and sometimes
in buildings.
In applying this vessel as a Steam generator or economiser to land and marine
boilers it will be necessary in most instances to construct an outer casing or flue to
convey the heated gases from the furnace or other sources both through the pipes
and around the Cylinder. Such a casing is shewn in Figures 1 and 2 (marked E)
there being doors as at e by which access can be had to the tubes. f. f, are safety
valves. is the pipe conveying water to the cylinders A (which communicate by
suitable pipes or passages) and h is the pipe for conveying the heated feed water
to the boiler. In marine boilers the usual smoke box or funnel may be utilized for
the purpose of receiving the vessel but will be enlarged (as shewn in figure 3) if
necessary to such an extent as to allow the gases to pass freely where the vessel
or vessels is or are fixed. At some convenient position means of access to the ends
of the vessel are provided and suitable dust chambers constructed with doors and
dampers are arranged for convenience of cleaning. A vessel as described made of
metal of high conductivity can be applied as an economizer to locomotive boilers
by fixing it in such a position that the waste steam and heated gases from the
boiler and Engine shall pass along the shell and through the tubes of the vessel;
the funnel or smoke box or other suitable place for fixing the vessel being enlarged
so as to allow the free passage of the steam and gases. Figure 4 will explain this
application without further description.
In all cases the apparatus herein before described is furnished with suitable
connections for the inlet and exit of water and two or more of them may be
combined in one flue or flues or other place and the brickwork or walls of the flue
or flues may be arranged so that the waste products of combustion or other heating
medium may be caused to pass first through, or around and through, one apparatus,
thence passing to another, and so on. Bye flue and pipes may be provided which
can be used when it is desired to cut off the passage of either gases or water through
the apparatus. The arrows in figure 2 shew the direction of the heated gases from
the furnace through the casing E to the chimney.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into
effect I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to be novel and
original and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the hereinbefore in
part recited Letters Patent is :-
The improvements in means or apparatus for heating feed water and economizing
fuel applicable in part to steam generators substantially as hereinbefore described
in its various applications with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In witness whereof I the said Isaac Shimwell McDougall have to this my
Specification hereunto set my hand and seal this eighteenth day of June One
thousand eight hundred and eighty three.