AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HARROWS
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Smith, of Brierley Hill Iron Works, near
Dudley, in the County of Worcester, Manufacturer, for the Invention of
"AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HARROWS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Smith at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th July 1858.
I, HENRY SMITH, of Brierley Hill Iron Works, near Dudley, in the County
of Worcester, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven
tion for "AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HARROWS,
to be as follows:-
In making harrows according to my Invention, I join the bars constituting
the frame of the harrow by means of hollow bolts or rivets. The said hollow
bolts or rivets are passed through holes in the framing where the bars cross,
and a collar or washer being placed upon the protruding end of the hollow
rivet, the mouth of the rivet is expanded and rivetted down upon the collar or
washer; the framing is thus held together by the said hollow rivets. The
holes in the rivets are not of uniform diameter throughout, being wider at top
than at bottom. The tines or tangs of the harrow are slightly taper, and are
dropped into the holes in the rivets, and fastened therein by being driven down
to the required extent in the holes. When it is required for transport or

page_text: repair to remove the tines or tangs, they may be driven from their places by
a hammer, the points of the said tines or tangs being defended from injury by
a protecting tool placed thereon for the purpose of receiving the blows.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Henry Smith in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
17th January 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, HENRY
SMITH, of Brierley Hill Iron Works, near Dudley, in the County of Worcester,
Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-second year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Henry Smith, Her special licence that I, the said Henry Smith, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Henry
Smith, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HARROWS," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Henry Smith, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Smith, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say :-
My Invention of an improvement or improvements in the manufacture of
harrows is illustrated in the accompanying Drawing, Figure 1 representing
in plan a portion of a harrow constructed according to my Invention, and
Figure 2 representing a section of the same, taken through the line a in
Figure 1.

page_text: In making a harrow according to my Invention, I take a series of bars b, b,
one of which is shown separately in side and front elevation in Figure 3, and
crossing the said bars in the manner represented. I join the said bars by
means of hollow bolts or rivets c, each of the said hollow bolts or rivets c
being, passed through the holes in the upper and lower bars b, b, respectively,
as will be understood by an examination of Figure 2 and Figure 4; the said
Figure 4 represents on a larger scale than Figure 2 a section of a portion of
the harrow; Figure 5 represents in section the hollow rivet or bolt c. A
collar or washer d, shown separately in section in Figure 6, is next placed
upon the protruding end of the hollow rivet or bolt c, and the mouth of the
said rivet is expanded and rivetted down upon the said collar or washer d, as
will be understood by an examination of Figure 4.
The method of joining described is applied at each crossing of the bars b,
constituting the framing of the harrow, and the framing is thus held securely
together. The holes in the hollow rivets c are not of uniform diameter
throughout, being a little wider at top than at bottom. The tines or tangs e
of the barrow are slightly taper, and are dropped into the holes in the hollow
rivets c, and are fastened therein by being driven down to the required extent
in the said hollow rivets. The tines or tangs may be driven into the hollow
rivets c, either by percussion or by pressure, and although there is little risk
of the tines or tangs becoming loose in the hollow rivets, yet I sometimes pass
a small cotter or ring through a hole in the tine or tang at or about the point f,
Figure 4, so as to prevent the accidental removal of the tine or tang e.
When it is required, either for transport or repair, to remove the tines or
tangs, they may be driven from their places in the hollow rivets, in the manner
illustrated in Figure 7, that is to say, a hollow tool g being put upon the
tine or tang e, the head of the said tool g. is struck with a hammer, the said
tine or tang is thereby forced from its place without injury to its point.
By manufacturing harrows in the manner described and represented in the
Drawing, great strength is imparted to the junctions of the bars constituting
the framing of the harrow, and great facility is obtained in removing the
tines or tangs of the harrow for the purposes of transport and repair.
Although I have only represented a harrow made according to my Invention
with a framing made of flat bars, yet my Invention is equally applicable to
harrows the framing of which is made of square bars.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of
carrying the same into effect, I wish it to be understood that I do not
limit myself to the precise details herein described, as the same may be varied

page_text: without departing from the nature of my said Invention; but I claim as my
Invention,
Firstly, the improvement in the manufacture of the frames of harrows,
herein-before described and represented in the accompanying Drawing, that
is to say, joining the bars constituting the frame of the harrow by means of
hollow bolts or rivets passed through holes at the crossings in the said bars,
the protruding ends of the said bolts or rivets being expanded and rivetted
upon a collar or washer previously placed upon the said hollow rivets; the
said hollow rivets, in addition to joining the bars of the harrow, containing
the holes in which the tines or tangs are fixed.
Secondly, the improvement in fixing the tines or tangs in harrows, herein-
before described, and represented in the accompanying Drawing, that is to
say, fixing the said tines or tangs by forcing them, either by percussion or by
pressure, into taper holes formed in the hollow bolts by which the framing of
the harrow is held together.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Smith, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of January, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
Witness,
WALTER EP WOOD.
HENRY SMITH. (L.S.)