matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PEGS OR TONGUES FOR SHUTTLES USED IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Carr and John Taylor at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th April 1878.
WILLIAM CARR and JOHN TAYLOR, both of Bury, in the County of Lancaster.
"AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PEGS OR TONGUES FOR SHUTTLES
USED IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
This Invention relates to the spring pegs or tongues used in such shuttles to
hold the cop of weft, and consists in an improved method of affixing the springs to
such pegs or tongues.
Hitherto the springs have been attached to the outer end of the peg by brazing,
and these springs were consequently not only liable to become detached or broken
off, but the heat necessary for the brazing operation softened that end of the spring
and destroyed the spring "temper."
Our Invention consists in attaching the springs without brazing, and in such a
manner that they can easily be removed and replaced.
Instead of reducing the peg to a half-round form from one end to the other, as
hitherto done, we leave about three-quarters of an inch at the point of the peg in
its original round form having a sloping shoulder towards the thick end of the peg.
In this sloping shoulder we drill a hole towards the point of the peg, and we also
drill the usual hole in the block at the thick end of the peg. We then provido a
half-round spring of suitable length, one end of which we reduce to a point, and
placing the larger end of the spring in the hole in the block we bend the spring and
place the point at the other end in the hole at the sloping shoulder near the point
of the peg.
The spring is now securely fixed, and having "play" or freedom of motion at
both ends it will hold the cop much better than the usual spring, at the same time
that by merely bonding it in the form of a bow it can be readily removed at any
time, and another spring substituted.
IM- A communi- PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF MOVABLE SCAFFOLDING
Year: 1878

page_text: the Office of the
A communication
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Ledger at
Commissioners of Patents on the 29th January 1878.
from abroad by Alfred Hansen, of Copenhagen, in the Kingdom of
Denmark.
JAMES LEDGER, Engineer and Patent Agent, of 61, Fleet Street, London. "IM-
A communi-
PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF MOVABLE SCAFFOLDING."
cation from abroad by Alfred Hansen, of Copenhagen, in the Kingdom of
Denmark.
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the construction of movable
scaffolding, whereby a cage or platform may be easily and effectually moved up and
down in front of a building, and at a given distance therefrom.
The following is the manner I propose to construct scaffolding according to this
Invention I first errect in front of the building a straight upright, inade of
several sections, fitting into each other, and added one to another until the desired
height is attained. Along the said upright is made to slide a bush surrounding it,
and to which a cage or platform is fixed by suitable stays or rods, the upright
passing through the bottom thereof. A triangular bracket fixed to the top of the
upright, and abutting against the upper part of the building, serves to keep it at a
suitable distance from the said building, and a rope adjusted to the above bracket
and to two fixed points of the building keep the whole firmly in position.
Another rope made fast to the bush aforesaid, and passing over pulleys at the
top of the upright, serves to move the platform or cage up or down in front of the
building along the upright aforesaid, and may be secured, when the desired height
is attained, to pins or clamps on the said bush.
Two brackets extending from the cage or platform, and abutting against the
building, prevent any oscillation of the said cage or platform.
It will be found that a scaffolding constructed as above can be errected and
taken down more speedily and worked more efficiently than the movable platforms
at present in use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN INDIA RUBBER TYPE FOR PRINTING PURPOSES, MORE PARTICULARLY ADAPTABLE TO HAND ENDORSING STAMPS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Kissam Cooke at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd November 1878.
GEORGE KISSAM COOKE, of the New York Rubber Type Foundry, 180, Fleet
Street, in the City of London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN INDIA RUBBER TYPE FOR
PRINTING PURPOSES, MORE PARTICULARLY ADAPTABLE TO HAND ENDORSING
STAMPS."
This Invention relates to certain improvements in india rubber type for
printing, stamping, or endorsing, and is specially applicable to or for hand endorsing
or other stamps.
These improvements consist in making such type reversible, that is, with two or
more faces, thus rendering the same more solid and substantial, and allowing of a
less number of parts or pieces being employed, and lessening the liability of losing
such parts; also by providing a die, face, or lettering on two or more sides of such
type, it is rendered more useful and applicable for various purposes.
For this purpose for double faced type I provide a block of india rubber on the
top and bottom, whereof the lettering, figures, designs, or patterns which are to be
printed or stamped are produced in a suitable manner by pressing, moulding, or
casting, and on the centre, that is, midway between the top and bottom surfaces of
these double faced blocks on two sides thereof, I provide a lateral flange or flanges,
which, together with the part not in use for the time being for stamping purposes,
will serve to hold the type in its place and facilitate the giving off of a clear
impression by holding the whole piece steady or firmly in its "holder."
According to a modification I make such type in the shape of a double wedge or
block tapering towards both the upper and under sides, on which sides the lettering,
figures, designs, or patterns are provided in a suitable manner.
These said flanges may be formed by a flat piece of metal, wood, or other rigid
material being inserted in the centre of the rubber type block, parts of this rigid
centre piece protruding, and so forming the said flange or flanges. By preference,
however, I form the whole block out of one solid piece of india rubber.
According to a further modification 1 make such block or blocks in the form of
a cross or star shaped piece, thereby producing four or more faces on which the die,

page_text: lettering, figures, designs, or patterns are produced as aforesaid. In this case the
flange or flanges are done away with, and the parts horizontal or at an angle to the
die or face to be used will constitute the flange or flanges for the time being.
The type or design blocks thus produced are cut-to-the-required-lengths
-applied-as-desired to suitable backings or receptacles.
and
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR TWISTING AND WINDING THREAD, AND ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER MACHINERY FOR SPINNING AND TWISTING COTTON, SILK, AND OTHER FIBRES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Kilpatrick at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th July 1878.
WILLIAM KILPATRICK, in the Employment of Messieurs Kerr and Company, of
Paisley, in the County of Renfrew, North Britain. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR TWISTING AND WINDING THREAD, AND ALSO APPLICABLE TO
OTHER MACHINERY FOR SPINNING AND TWISTING COTTON, SILK, AND OTHER
FIBRES."
This Invention has for its object by the improved construction of parts con-
nected with the pressure rollers of thread twisting and winding machinery, to
prevent waste in the event of a thread breaking; and the improvements are also
applicable to other machinery used for spinning and twisting cotton, silk, and other
fibres.
In existing thread twisting and winding machinery the upper pressure rollers
are carried in a series of brackets upon a rail. The brackets being formed at
present with cradles or side groove bearings for the spindles of the pressure rollers
it is necessary, upon a thread breaking, to lift the roller out of contact with the
lower roller, which revolves in the wetting trough, in order to prevent the continued
winding and consequent waste of the broken thread. With this arrangement the
continued winding and waste of a broken thread is not always effectually
prevented.
By the present improvements the upper pressure roller is automatically removed
out of contact with the lower roller upon a thread breaking, and the improvement
mainly consists in forming the rail brackets with inclined guides or slots to carry
the spindles of the upper pressure rollers.
The thread to be wound is passed in the usual manner through an eye in the
rail carrying the brackets into the wetting trough, under. the lower roller, and
between it and round the upper pressure roller, which latter it maintains in
position.
Rubber or other suitable material is attached to the rail between the brackets,
and when a thread breaks the upper pressure roller is left free, and it rolls down

page_text: the inclined guide or slot of the rail bracket out of contact with the lower roller,
and jams the broken thread against the rubber on the rail.
The automatic removal of the upper pressure roller out of contact with the lower
roller, and the jamming of the broken thread between the upper pressure roller and
the rubber on the rail, effectually prevents the continued winding and consequent 5
waste of the broken thread.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COFFIN PLATES AND COFFIN FURNITURE
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Joseph Emery at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th March 1878.
FRANCIS JOSEPH EMERY, of Church Works, Burslem, in the County of Stafford,
Earthenware Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN COFFIN PLATES AND COFFIN
FURNITURE."
'
This Invention has for its object improvements in coffin plates and coffin
furniture.
In the manufacture of coffin plates and coffin furniture I employ earthenware or
glass combined with metal in the manner indicated in the Drawing annexed.
The earthenware may be of the varieties known as china, porcelain, earthenware,
stoneware, terra cotta, or parian. It may be moulded dry by heavy pressure or
impact, or it may be moulded in the fluid or plastic state. The earthenware plates
or furniture are burnt in a pottery kiln, and they are glazed or left bisque. Plates
or furniture made of glass are moulded by pressure and then annealed in a kiln.
In the annexed Drawing the letters A, A, indicate the parts of the coffin plate or
furniture, which are of metal.
The recesses to receive the metallic portions may be undercut around the sides,
and the metal baving been inserted into the recess is spread by pressure with a
suitable tool; or the plate or furniture may be perforated within the recesses, and
stems may be attached to the metallic portions to pass through the perforations
and be secured at the back of the plate or furniture.
In the case of glass the metallic portions may be inserted at the back in a recess
or groove prepared to receive them.
The metallic parts are prepared by stamping or casting or cutting to the form
desired, and they may be engraved or otherwise ornamented; or in some cases
these parts may be omitted.
-
IMPROVEMENTS IN CURLING STONES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew McIntyre at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd January 1878.
ANDREW MCINTYRE, of Strathbungo, in the County of Renfrew, North Britain,
Brickmaker and Builder. "IMPROVEMENTS IN CURLING STONES."
This Invention relates to curling stones such as are commonly used in the game
of curling on ice, and has for its object to adapt such stones for being used advan-
tageously on other comparatively smooth surfaces in cases where ice is not
available.
The improved curling "stone," which may be made of stone, metal, vulcanite, or
any other suitable material, and which is of the usual shape, has three or more holes
drilled or bored in its bottom side at convenient distances from its centre. Into
each of these holes is inserted a small loosely fitting ball of glass, glazed earthen-
ware, hard wood, or metal, and an annular ring is screwed or otherwise fitted into
the mouth of each hole to prevent its ball dropping out. The depth of the holes is
regulated so as to allow the balls to project a short way beneath the stone to support
it, and when the stone is propelled along the floor the balls roll or revolve in their
holes or sockets.
The friction of the balls in their sockets may be reduced to a minimum, if
necessary, by boring the socket holes deeper and large enough to admit two or more
balls bearing or rolling on each other; and, when preferred, metal tubes containing
the balls may be fitted into the holes, small fillets being formed at the lower ends
of the tubes to retain the balls.
Castors or pullies fitted on universal or swivel joints may be substituted for the
arrangement of antifriction balls described, or may be used in combination with
them.
IN SECURING WHEELS AND PULLEYS TO THEIR AXLES."
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Graham at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 28th October 1878.
.
WILLIAM GRAHAM, of Monk Bretton, in the County of York.
IN SECURING WHEELS AND PULLEYS TO THEIR AXLES."
"IMPROVEMENTS
My Invention has for its object the securing of the wheels of colliery wagons,
tram cars, and other vehicles, pulleys, and other wheels to their axles or shafts,
and particularly the obtaining of a ready means of disengaging and replacing the
same.
In carrying out my Invention as applied to the wheels and axles of corves or
colliery wagons (for example), in which the wheels may be made of cast steel,
malleable cast iron, or ordinary cast metal, and revolve with the axle, I construct
the boss of the wheel sufficiently large on one side to allow of a recess being cast or
otherwise formed in it of a square, hexagon, or other shape, corresponding in shape
and diameter to a shoulder formed on the axle. The hole through the body of the
wheel I prefer to make of a circular form, and the end of the axle fits into it in the
usual manner.
In order to retain the wheel upon the axle I form a cotter hole through the boss
of the wheel on the same side as the recess; this cotter hole which may be cast or
otherwise formed being made partly in the metal, and partly so as to open into the
recess, and I also cut or otherwise form a cross groove in the shoulder of the axle
corresponding to the cotter hole in the wheel, so as to make the cotter hole partly
in the wheel, and partly in the axle; I then insert a cotter or pin which may be
fastened by being split or by a nut or otherwise, whereby the wheel is firmly
secured on the axle whilst admitting of being readily removed and replaced.
When my Invention is applied to wheels intended to revolve on their axles, the
shoulder upon the axle and the recess in the boss for its reception are made of a
cylindrical shape, and the groove in the collar is made of an annular form.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TIN OR OTHER METAL CANS, ALSO APPLICABLE TO BOTTLES OF GLASS OR EARTHENWARE
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Emil Enzensberger at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 16th May 1878. A communication from
abroad by Adrien Pickard, of Rue Martel, Paris.
EMIL ENZENSBERGER, of Cheapside, in the City of London, Commission Agent.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TIN OR OTHER METAL CANS, ALSO APPLICABLE TO BOTTLES
OF GLASS OR EARTHENWARE." [A communication from abroad by Adrien Pickard,
of Rue Martel, Paris.]
This Invention relates to improvements in the construction of tin or other netal
cans for holding water, milk, varnish, oils, paraffins, paints, or any other liquid,
whereby the contents of the said cans can be retained in the latter or poured
therefrom as required without the necessity of using a cork or other stopper, as is
generally the case. It consists in forming the upper or neck of a tin or other metal
can, where the hole for the mouth-piece occurs, with a tube or barrel projecting
downwards into the can, and formed through its side with a rectangular or other
shaped hole or opening. Into the tube or barrel is inserted and closely fitted a
plug or tube projecting from the lower part of a funnel or other shaped mouth-
piece formed (or not) with a suitable spout. Through the side of this plug or tube,
which is closed at its lower end, is a hole or opening corresponding with that through
the side of the lower tube or barrel.
By turning the plug or tube with its funnel or other shaped mouth-piece round
in the said lower tube or barrel, and bringing their respective holes or openings
opposite to or in line with each other, the contents of the can be poured out, and
by turning them so as to bring their holes or openings away from each other the
contents of the can are retained and prevented from being spilt if the latter is over-
turned.
For preventing the plug or tube from leaving its position in the lower tube or
casing, it may be formed with a screw, or with a pin turning in a slot, or in any
able manner

page_text: This Invention is also applicable to bottles of glass or carthenware, as well as to
other receptacles for liquids, in which case the lower tube or casing may be fitted
into the neck of the bottle or other receptacle by means of india-rubber rings or
packing pieces secured by cement or otherwise, so as to ensure a water-tight joint
therewith.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR MOUNTING CARD FILLETS ON CYLINDERS
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Walton, of the Haughton Dale Mills, Denton, in the
County of Lancaster, Wire Card Manufacturer, for the Invention of "AN
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR MOUNTING CARD FILLETS ON CYLINDERS."
Sealed the 29th November 1878, and dated the 13th June 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Walton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th June 1878.
WILLIAM WALTON, of the Haughton Dale Mills, Denton, in the County of
Lancaster, Wire Card Manufacturer. "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR MOUNTING
CARD FILLETS ON CYLINDERS."
In mounting card fillets on cylinders it is of the utmost importance for the
proper working of the cards that the fillets should be subjected to a uniform tension
while being mounted.
The improved apparatus for effecting this object consists of a roller, the circum-
ference of which is covered with felt, flannel, or other substance to prevent the
slipping of the card fillet, and to the axle of the roller is fixed a friction pulley or
other friction apparatus. Above the roller are two bars. The card fillet passes
through a guide which is traversed to and fro by means of a lever and a rack and
pinion, or a screw and screw nut, or other equivalents. When the card fillet is
being wound on the cylinder it passes first through the guide, then over one of the
bars, then under the roller covered with felt or flannel, the teeth of the card fillet
being by preference in contact with the felt or flannel, then over the second bar,
and thence to the cylinder to be covered.
In some cases a pulley can be used in lieu of the roller covered with felt or flannel

page_text: above referred to; the friction apparatus must then be connected to the axle of
this pulley, which would be traversed to and fro, thereby dispensing with the guide
described above.
The apparatus for traversing the fillet may be worked by hand, or made self-
acting by connecting it to the shaft of the cylinder to be covered or otherwise.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HARBOURS AND BREAKWATERS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Evelyn Liardet at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th September 1878.
JOHN EVELYN LLARDET, of Broomfield House, Deptford, in the County of Kent.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN HARBOURS AND BREAKWATERS."
To form a harbour for boats and vessels on the sea coast near to the shore I
construct a floating breakwater of a curved or bent form. The two ends of the
floating structure are secured to the shore, or to piers run out from it in such a
manner that the floating structure, whilst retained in place, shall be free to rise and
fall with the tide, and, in addition, the structure may be moored more especially at
the central part, which is furthest from the shore, by strong moorings. On the top of
the whole length of the floating structure I erect a promenade platform, and at the
shore ends provide rising and falling inclines or footways to give free access from
the shore to the promenade platform at all times of the tide.
At one, two, or other number of points in the floating breakwater openings are
provided to allow of boats drawing a moderate depth of water to enter, and where
these openings are formed light moveable swing bridges, turning either horizontally
or vertically, may be provided so as to form a continuous footway from one end of
the structure to the other.
Libraries, baths, marine aquariums, and refreshment rooms may also be formed
upon the floating structure so as to make it attractive as a promenade, as well as
being serviceable as a secure harbour for yachts, pleasure boats, and other vessels.
In the same way larger floating structures may also be formed to serve as
harbours, even for the largest vessels. In some cases, when they are merely to serve
as harbours, they might be at a distance from the shore, and form a circular or other
shaped harbour with entrances where required.
The floating structure I prefer to form of rows of closed water-tight tubes at a
distance apart from one another, and held and braced together by other closed
water-tight tubes placed diagonally, and crossing one another, the several tubes
being tied where they cross one another by strong tie bolte, which may be led
through tubes that form part of and pass through the tubular floats, or other
approved fastenings may be used. Thus the whole structure would be formed of a
D
.

page_text: number of closed floating parts, and even if a leakage were to arise in some or more
of them, still from the number of separate parts of which the structure would be
formed it would always float securely, and the defective parts, if there should be
any, could be repaired at any convenient time.
Floating structures to serve merely as breakwaters may be formed in the same
manner.
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IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING AND PREPARING FRAMES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Wright and Joseph Wright
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th May 1878.
ROBERT WRIGHT, Managing Overlooker, and JOSEPH WRIGHT, Mechanic, both of
Keighley, in the County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING AND PREPARING
FRAMES."
The object of our Invention is to arrange what is commonly known as the
lifting rod in spinning or preparing frames used for spinning wool, silk, or other
fibrous materials in such a manner that. the lifter can instantly be "set" to suit the
length of the various bobbins or spools without having to move the dogs that are
secured to the bottom of the lifter spindles, and thus save a large amount of time
now expended in regulating the lifter dogs to suit the various lengths of bobbins
or spools.
We accomplish our object in the following manner:-To the end of the lifter
rod we secure a square or angular socket. In this socket is fitted the arm of a
loose bracket; at the end of this arm is a flange, against which works the end of
the lifter screw. At the back of this flange next the lifter rod are two or more
projections; these projections are so adjusted to bring the end of the lifting rod
such a distance from the end of the lifter screw that the lifter spindles and bobbins
are set, and will lift the proper distance to suit the bobbin for which the projection
on the loose bracket has been arranged for. By turning the loose bracket in the
socket until another projection is brought in contact with the end of the lifting
rod the lifting spindles will be elevated or lowered according to the amount of
projection from the back of the flange.
We can also accomplish our object by securing a fine toothed ratchet to the end
of the lifting rod, and arranging the bottom of the loose bracket with teeth to
correspond. This bracket is secured to the ratchet, and by moving the same
towards or from the lifter screw the lifter spindles will be elevated or lowered, as
the case may be.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHAFT TUGS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ferdinand Eglington at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th May 1878.
FERDINAND EGLINGTON, of Walsall, in the County of Stafford, Horse Furniture
Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHAFT TUGS."
The said Invention consists in improvements in the construction of that part of
the harness of horses and other draught animals which is technically known as
"shaft tugs," and is of such a nature as to allow of the horse or other animal being
released from any vehicle to which it is attached without the necessity of drawing
the said tugs off their respective shafts.
It will be seen that the employment of this Invention is especially useful in the
event of horses falling down, in which case they can be immediately detached from
the vehicle, notwithstanding any strain that may be put on the harness by reason
of the weight of the horse.
The shape of the main portion of the tugs is similar in appearance to that of
tugs as ordinarily constructed. The body, which forms the loop through which
the shaft passes is formed in two portions, which are hinged or pivoted together,
such hinge being at the lower part of the tug; that portion which is outside
when in use has a buckle loosely pivoted at the upper part thereof, below which
is a small fixed stud; it is also provided with one or more small metal loops so
fixed as to admit of being moved on their respective pins as on pivots. A strap is
attached to the disengaged end of that portion of the tug which is next the horse,
and is provided with a perforation for the admission of the before-mentioned fixed
stud, and with a series of perforations at the end for the annexation and adjustment
of the "belly band."
When in use the said strap is passed through the lower part of the buckle below
the tongue bar, and through the moveable loops until the fixed stud enters the per-
foration before mentioned, when the said moveable loops are pressed down on the
The loops
strap, which is thus firmly held until it is desired to release the same.
MENTS IN ELASTIC WEBBING FOR BOOT SPRINGS AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Lawton Haddan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st July 1878. A communication
from abroad by the Firm of Reithoffor and Sons, of Vienna, in the Empire of
Austro-Hungary.
JOHN LAWTON HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors of
" IMPROVE
Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer.
MENTS IN ELASTIC WEBBING FOR BOOT SPRINGS AND OTHER PURPOSES." A com-
munication from abroad by the Firm of Reithoffer and Sons, of Vienna, in the
Empire of Austro-Hungary.
The improvements as applied to boots consists in abolishing the interwoven
body usually employed for boot springs and substituting in lieu of it two distinct
sheets of any suitable material, stuck together with any india-rubber solution or other
composition, the usual rubber threads being arranged between the two sheets, which
are corrugated to receive them. One of these sheets may be of a color and texture
suited to the exterior of the boot, say, fine kid, and the other corresponding sheet
may be of a material suited to the lining or interior of the boot, say, baptiste.
Elasticity is provided by the puckers or corrugations in both sheets, which readily
permits free action in the rubber threads.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR IMPARTING VARYING VELOCITIES TO THE DRIVING GEAR OF MACHINERY
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th May 1878. A communication
from abroad by Wilhelm Richard Schürmann, of Düsseldorf, in the Empire of
Germany.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors of
Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer.
" IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR IMPARTING VARYING VELOCITIES TO THE DRIVING GEAR
OF MACHINERY." [A communication from abroad by Wilhelm Richard Schürmann,
of Düsseldorf, in the Empire of Germany.]
The improvements consist in the use of a driving belt communicator, which is
intended for transferring the velocity given by any belt to which it may be applied,
and increase or diminish the said velocity without disturbing the running of the
machine.
The apparatus or communicator consists of a shaft working in a bracket or wall
hanger, with a fast and loose pulley keyed together on the same shaft, and actuating
suitable gearing, consisting of two or more cogged wheels and pinions engaged with
each other, but so adjusted that their arrangements can be varied as desired.
A driving belt is passed over the fast or loose pulley drum, and by means of a
guide fixed both sides of the belt on to a convenient handle, the said belt is moved
from the fast to the loose pulley, or vice versa, and so the gear is put into fast or
slow motion.
The various parts may be constructed of metal.
IMPROVEMENTS IN UN- HAIRING AND TANNING HIDES AND SKINS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Pitt at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents on the 19th August 1878. A communication from abroad
by Giovanni Canali, of San Giovanni Bianco, in the Province of Bergamo, Italy.
GEORGE PITT, of Sutton, in the County of Surrey. "IMPROVEMENTS IN UN-
HAIRING AND TANNING HIDES AND SKINS." A communication from abroad by
Giovanni Canali, of San Giovanni Bianco, in the Province of Bergamo, Italy.
This Invention has for its object improvements in unhairing and tanning hides
and skins.
In order to remove the hair the hide or skin is treated with a solution of hydro-
IMPROVEMENTS IN CERTAIN PARTS OF UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Joseph Stokes at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th November 1878.
FREDERICK JOSEPH STOKES, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Screw
Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN CERTAIN PARTS OF UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS."
My Invention has reference to those parts of umbrellas and parasols called the tip
caps, that is, those parts which are used for engaging with or taking upon the tip
ends of the ribs of the closed umbrella or parasol for holding them in their closed
positions. In tip caps as ordinarily made much inconvenience arises from the
difficulty of withdrawing the tip cap from the tip ends of the ribs, when it is wished
to open the umbrella or parasol, in consequence of the binding action of the said
ribs upon the tip cap. The object of my Invention is to remedy this incon-
venience.
Instead of engaging the tip cap with or withdrawing it from the tip ends of the
ribs by sliding it upon the tube carrying it as usual I advance the tip cap upon
and withdraw it from the tip ends of the ribs by a screwing motion, as herein after
more particularly explained.
In constructing the tip caps and parts connected with them according to my In-
vention I provide the tip cap with a central tube or bush screwed internally with a
hollow or female quick-threaded screw and I fix at the required place on the stick
of the umbrella or parasol a tube provided with an external convex or male screw of
a size proper for the hollow or female screw in the tube or bush of the tip cap to
screw upon. The quick threaded screwed tubes may either be parallel or slightly
tapered, and be furnished either with a single, double, or treble thread.
The screwed tube on the stick has flanges or beadings at top and bottom which
act as stops and prevent the tip cap from being screwed completely off it. The
screwed tip cap is furnished with a milled flange or collar for turning it.
.
By turning the screwed tip cap in one or other direction it rises and falls by a
screwing motion upon the fixed screwed tube on the stick and its cupped part takes
upon or is withdrawn from the tip ends of the ribs.

page_text: By my Invention the difficulty of withdrawing the tip cap from the ribs, due to
their binding action upon the tip cap, is removed, and there is an absence of the
rattling of the tip cap upon the tube when in its withdrawn position, which is common
in tip caps of the ordinary kind.
Instead of fixing the screwed tube upon which the screwed tip cap works on the
stick of the umbrella or parasol the said screwed tube may form part of or be con-
nected to the runner tube of the umbrella or parasol.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REVERSIBLE TRAMWAY RAILS, AND IN CHAIRS FOR THE SAME
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Floyd at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 27th September 1878.
THOMAS FLOYD, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Civil Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN REVERSIBLE TRAMWAY RAILS, AND IN CHAIRS FOR THE
SAME."
According to this Invention the rail may be made either solid or from two halves
(duplicates) reversed to one another; in the latter case each half is formed on the
meeting side with a shoulder or projection so that when the two halves are brought
together reversed to one another the shoulder or projection of one half will fold or
lap over that of the other. The two halves when brought together (or the solid
rail as the case may be) are in section similar to the letter H save that the top
right-hand portion and the bottom left-hand portion are provided with thickened
lips or extensions to form a tread for the wheel, the bottom right-hand portion
and the top left-hand portion being without the thickened lip or extension piece,
and so acting as a guard rail.
The chair to receive this rail is in the form of a kind of jaw into which the rail
is dropped, one side of the chair being formed at the top with a lip facing in the
direction of the rail, the other side (which is slightly lower) forming a rest or
support for the top thickened extension piece which takes the weight of the vehicle
travelling over it. The bottom thickened extension piece on the opposite half or
side serves as a shoulder in between which and the lip on the chair a wedge may be
driven, and the rail thus secured in its place.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING AND PRINTING OF TEXTILE FABRICS AND YARNS
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Dreyfus, of the City of Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, Chemical Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN DYEING AND PRINTING OF TEXTILE FABRICS AND YARNS."
Sealed the 29th April 1879, and dated the 4th November 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Dreyfus at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th November 1878.
CHARLES DREYFUS, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Chemical Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING AND PRINTING OF TEXTILE
FABRICS AND YARNS."
My Invention consists in the production of an aniline black by printing or
dyeing that will not be subjected to "greening," that is to say, that the black I
produce will resist the action of air, light, and other agents that turn to green the
ordinary aniline black. To carry out iny Invention I prepare the cloth or yarn in
a somewhat weak solution of bichromate of potash and then dry it. It is then
printed or padded with a colour containing besides the proper amount of thickening
a suitable quantity of hydrochlorate of aniline of commerce or any other salt of
aniline, or a salt of toluidine, or a salt of commercial aniline, which is a mixture in
various proportions of aniline, toluidine and pseudo toluidine. To this is added a
suitable quantity of a mineral salt of chromium, or of any other similar metal.
The black will come up immediately after printing, and requires no "ageing" like
former blacks known. After printing the goods are passed in a bath containing
carbonate of soda or any other alkali; then they are washed and passed through a
bath of bisulphite of soda or any other bisulphite; they are washed again, taken
Pics 11

page_text: "
through a weak bath of sulphuric acid, or any other acid, washed again; then they
are passed through a weak bath of chloride of lime or of soda, usually called
chimik," washed again, soaped, and they are then ready for starching. It is how-
-ever-not essential to follow these operations in the consecutive order here set down.
For dyeing yarns or pieces either_the_process described above may be employed or
the following or similar ones based on the same principle:-Take a bath made
with bichromate of potash, hydrochlorate of aniline, nitrate of chromium, and a
sufficient quantity of water for the quantity of cotton to be worked. The cotton
-previously-boiled and wrung is put into this bath and left in from 12 to 24 hours;
the goods are then taken out, well wrung and washed, and undergo the operations
as specified above.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS AND SHOES, AND IN THE APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Blakey at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 13th December 1878.
JOHN BLAKEY, of Leeds, in the County of York. IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS AND SHOES, AND IN THE APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED
THEREIN."
"
This Invention relates to machinery to be employed in the manufacture of boots
and shoes for the purpose of reducing the manual labor. My improvements
consist,―
Firstly. In cutting out the soles, heels, and uppers by means of a press acting
upon dies or knives of the required shape. The press is similar to ordinary presses,
but is rendered more adaptable by having the ram mounted in grooves, so that
the operator can slide it away from the table, so as to give more room for mani-
pulation when working.
Secondly. For "lasting" boots and shoes I attach to the edges of the "top" or
'upper" a series of "dogs" or binding screws, and these are pressed together on
the underside of the "last" by sliding blocks or dies formed so as to approximate
the size of the last.
"
Thirdly. For driving rivets or 'hobnails" into the soles and heels I employ a
press similar to the one first described, the nails being first arranged to the required
form with the points upwards, over which the sole or heel is placed and pressed
down on to the nails. The nails may be kept in position by placing them in holes
formed in metal plates, within which are pins upon which the nails rest. On the
sole or heel being placed upon the plate and pressure applied the plate is depressed,
and the pins being fixed the nails are forced into the leather; or two metal plates
may be employed, the upper one having grooves or holes cut through it within
which the heads of the nails are placed. The upper plate is then raised by spring
or eccentric until clear of the points of the nails, which are left standing on the
lower plate. The leather is then placed on the upper plate, pressure applied, and
the nails are forced in as in the first instance.

page_text: Fourthly. For smoothing the edges and bottoms of boots I employ sand or emery
instead of files as heretofore. This may be applied to rollers; but I prefer a
machine constructed as follows:-I mount two shafts in pedestals at a short
distance from each other. Each shaft carries 2 pullies, one at each end, and one
shaft also carries driving pulleys in the centre. Round each opposite pair of
pullies I pass a belt covered with sand or emery, so that the operator can apply the
boot to either the rigid portion of the belt where it passes round the pullies or to
the flexible portion between the two. Two operators can also work at one
machine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHUTTLES TO PREVENT FLOATS IN WEAVING
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Westley, William James
Monk, and Lawrence Holden at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on
the 25th March 1878.
THOMAS WESTLEY, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster, WILLIAM JAMES
MONK, of the same Place, Machinist, and LAWRENCE HOLDEN, of Longridge, in the
same County, Manager. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SHUTTLES TO PREVENT FLOATS IN
WEAVING."
Our Invention consists of a simple apparatus, which we fix into the eye end of
the shuttle "to prevent floats in weaving,"
We make a small box in two halves, and fit into one half a pivot, on to which
we neatly fit a spring tumbler projecting above the open top of the before-mentioned
box, which is closed on every other side. In the inside and near the bottom we fix
another small fulcrum pivot, passing through both sides of the box. On to this we
fix a small plate spring, made in such shape that one end being bent over the pivot
presses against one side of the box, the other being carried up is made bow shape
to fit into a provision made in the side of the before-named tumbler. Such
tumbler being now at rest projects a little above the box; there is a hole drilled
through the box sides and tumbler on the lower side. On the opposite side of such
tumbler a provision is made to receive the bow end of the spring, so that when the
tumbler top comes in contact with a float of broken yarn such tumbler is forced
partially round on first-named pivot until the spring slips out of its first resting
place in tumbler side till it comes to second provision, there holding it till released.
The box complete is now fitted into the eye end of a shuttle until the hole drilled
through the box comes fair with the eye, and the projecting part of the tumbler
stands above the shuttle top; the yarn is then passed, as usual, through the eye,
and box fitted in.

page_text: The projection on top of tumbler is made so as to slide freely as long as the yarn
of the warp is all right, but should a breakage of yarn take place then this projec-
tion comes in immediate contact therewith, and is carried partially round on the
pivot, and nips the yarn, which is immediately broken, whereby the loom is, as
usual, stopped.
5
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOXES OR CASES FOR HOLDING, MATCHES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Theóphile Noël and Jules Dupaquet
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd February 1878.
THEOPHILE NOËL, of Long Acre, and Jules DupaqUET, of Wells Street, Oxford
Street, both in the County of Middlesex.. "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOXES OR CASES
FOR HOLDING, MATCHES."
This Invention relates to improvements in boxes or cases for containing lucifer
and other self-igniting matches, being so formed that only one match can be delivered
or withdrawn therefrom at one time.
For this purpose we make our improved boxes or cases of metal paper, papier
mache, leather, or other suitable material advantageously in the form of a flat-
shaped bottle, although we do not confine ourselves thereto, as they may be of oval
or other suitable shape.
Each case is formed with an orifice, which may be like that of an ordinary
bottle, and of a size a little larger than the match which is to pass through it.
When the box or case is filled with matches, each match can be discharged there-
from by holding the orifice downwards, and then by shaking it a match will be
guided by the curved surface leading to the orifice, from which. it will project, so as
to be readily withdrawn.
-
Each box or case may be formed with a lid or otherwise, so as to be readily
opened for filling if desired, and they may be ornamented in various ways, or have
advertisements printed or exhibited thereon.
IMPROVED APPARATUS TO BE APPLIED TO THE DOORS OF ROOMS, RAILWAY CARRIAGES, WATERCLOSETS, AND OTHER PLACES, FOR THE PURPOSE OF INDICATING WHETHER THE ROOM OR OTHER PLACE IS ENGAGED OR IN USE
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Mark Abrahams at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 18th June 1878.
MARK ABRAHAMS, of Leadenhall Street, in the City of London, Merchant.
'IMPROVED APPARATUS TO BE APPLIED TO THE DOORS OF ROOMS, RAILWAY
CARRIAGES, WATERCLOSETS, AND OTHER PLACES, FOR THE PURPOSE OF INDICATING
WHETHER THE ROOM OR OTHER PLACE IS ENGAGED OR IN USE."
The object of this Invention is to indicate to persons outside a door whether the
room, closet, compartment, or other place to which such door belongs, is in use, so
as to avoid the necessity of opening or trying the door to ascertain the fact. To
this end I adapt to the door an apparatus which can be worked either by the bolt
or lock which is used to close or fasten the door from the inside, or by a bolt or lock
which may be worked from the outside.
The apparatus consists of a small box, in the face of which is made an opening
or openings through which ENGAGED, or any other word or words of like import,
may be seen when brought opposite to the opening.
The word "engaged" is marked by printing or otherwise on a movable plate,
which may be connected with and actuated by the ordinary bolt or lock, so that
the door cannot be secured from the inside without at the same time moving the
plate into such a position as to display the word. By arranging the apparatus in
this manner it will be obvious that unless the door be secured from the inside the
word "
ngaged" will not be displayed, so that although the door may be closed
a person on the outside will at once see that the room or closet is not in use.
For some purposes, such as for the compartments of railway carriages, or for
committee or consulting rooms, the apparatus may be worked from the outside and

page_text: by means of an independent key, the apparatus being in no way connected with
the ordinary lock or bolt. The door may then be opened or closed without
affecting or operating upon the indicating apparatus, which will always indicate
that the room is in use until the indicating plate is moved out of sight when the
roon is disengaged.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREAT- MENT OF FIBRES THAT HAVE BEEN DYED WITH ANILINE BLACK TO PRODUCE VARIATIONS IN THE COLOR OR SHADES OF COLOR THEreof
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Holliday at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 9th December 1878.
CHARLES HOLLIDAY, of the Firm of Read, Holliday, and Sons, of Huddersfield,
in the County of York, Manufacturing Chemist. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREAT-
MENT OF FIBRES THAT HAVE BEEN DYED WITH ANILINE BLACK TO PRODUCE
VARIATIONS IN THE COLOR OR SHADES OF COLOR THEreof."
In carrying out these improvements I place the fibre that has been dyed aniline
black in a suitable tank, and subject it to the action of indigo reduced by hydro-
sulphite of the character of that described in the Specification of Letters Patent
granted to Paul Schutzenberger and Felix de Lalande, dated the Thirtieth day of
December, One thousand eight hundred and seventy one, No 3377, by which I am
enabled to produce, according to the shades obtained of the aniline black and the
quantity of indigo in the hydro-sulphite tank, variation of color or shades of color
of blue black and blue.
The proportions for the variations desired will be readily understood by persons
accustomed to the use of such dye matters,
AN IMPROVED SPOOL OR REEL EMPLOYED IN SEWING MACHINE SHUTTLES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Sykes and James William Sykes
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd November 1878.
JOHN SYKES and JAMES WILLIAM SYKES, both of Huddersfield, in the County
of York, Tailors and Woollen Drapers. "AN IMPROVED SPOOL OR REEL EMPLOYED
IN SEWING MACHINE SHUTTLES."
The object of this Invention is to make spools or reels employed in sewing
machine shuttles in such a manner that they can be produced at less cost and be
more durable than those at present in use. Hitherto spools or reels have been
constructed or composed of a spindle having a flange driven or fixed on each end
thereof. In practice it is found that these flanges soon work loose and come off
the spindle, making the spool useless. Now our Invention consists in punching
spools or reels in one piece from solid materials, such as metal, wood, bone, or other
similar hard or tough material. Or instead of punching spools or reels from the
solid, they may be cast in one piece, either in metal, glass, pot, or similar material.