IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS OR WEAVING MACHINES APPLICABLE TO THE WEAVING OF COTTON, SILK, FLAX, HEMP, WOOL, OR ANY OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES, BY MEANS OF WHICH Ix- PROVEMENTS THE WARP THREADS ARE UNWOUND MORE REGULARLY FROM THE WARP ROLLER, AND THE CLOTH OR TISSUE TAKEN UP WITH MORE REGULARITY; AT THE SAME TIME WITHOUT STRAINING THE WARP THREAD, AND BY MEANS OF A PECULIAR MOTION IN RELEASING THE SION ON THE WARP THREAD HE IS ENABLED TO E OR
Year: 1853

page_text: TTERS PATENT to Ernest Alexandre Gouin, of 110, Avenue de
Clichy, Batignolles, Paris, in the Département de la Seine, France,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS OR WEAVING
MACHINES APPLICABLE TO THE WEAVING OF COTTON, SILK, FLAX, HEMP,
WOOL, OR ANY OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES, BY MEANS OF WHICH Ix-
PROVEMENTS THE WARP THREADS ARE UNWOUND MORE REGULARLY
FROM THE WARP ROLLER, AND THE CLOTH OR TISSUE TAKEN UP WITH
MORE REGULARITY; AT THE SAME TIME WITHOUT STRAINING THE WARP
THREAD, AND BY MEANS OF A PECULIAR MOTION IN RELEASING THE
TENSION ON THE WARP THREAD HE IS ENABLED TO GIVE AN ELASTIC
OR BACK MOTION TO THE WARP, WHICH PERMITS OF ALL INELASTIC
FIBROUS SUBSTANCES TO BE WOVEN UPON THE POWER LOOM; AND IN
CASE THE WEFT THREAD SHOULD BREAK, THE LOOM CAN CONTINUE IN
MOTION WITHOUT THE CLOTH ROLLER CONTINUING TO TAKE UP, OR
WITHOUT DETRIMENT TO THE TISSUE."
aled the 9th November 1858, and dated the 9th September 1853.

page_text: nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS OR WEAVING
MACHINES APPLICABLE TO THE WEAVING OF COTTON, SILK, FLAX, HEMP,
WOOL, OR ANY OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES, BY MEANS OF WHICH IMPROVE-
MENTS THE WARP THREADS ARE UNWOUND MORE REGULARLY FROM THE
WARP ROLLER, AND THE CLOTH OR TISSUE TAKEN UP WITH MORE REGULARITY;
AT THE SAME TIME WITHOUT STRAINING THE WARP THREAD, AND BY MEANS
OF A PECULIAR MOTION IN RELEASING THE TENSION ON THE WARP THREAD
I AM ENABLED TO GIVE AN ELASTIC OR BACK MOTION TO THE WARP, WHICH
PERMITS OF ALL INELASTIC FIBROUS SUBSTANCES TO BE WOVEN UPON THE
POWER LOOM; AND IN CASE THE WEFT THREAD SHOULD BREAK, THE LOOM
CAN CONTINUE IN MOTION WITHOUT THE CLOTH ROLLER CONTINUING TO TAKE
UP, OR WITHOUT DETRIMENT TO THE TISSUE," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in hand and power
looms, and consists in a combination of mechanism for letting off the
warp from the warp beam, for winding up the fabric as it is woven, and
for preventing the winding up of the fabric when no weft is thrown in.
For the purpose of regulating the unwinding of the warp there is on
the warp beam a toothed wheel which takes into a toothed pinion fixed
to a pulley (moving on a fixed axis) acted on by a weighted strap or
band. In order to effect the winding up of the fabric a lever having
drivers is used to give motion to a ratchet wheel fixed on the work
beam, such lever being weighted at its front end, and acted on by an
eccentric at its other end. In the event of the weft not being thrown
across, the batten in moving up to the work prevents the ratchet wheel
winding up the work on the work beam.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Ernest Alexandre Gouin in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 9th March 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, 1,
ERNEST ALEXANDRE GOUIN, of 110, Avenue de Clichy, Batignolles,
Paris, in the Department de la Seine, France, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Ninth day of September, in the year

page_text: of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the seven-
teenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Ernest Alexandre Gouin, Her
special licence that I, the said Ernest Alexandre Gouin, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Ernest
Alexandre Gouin, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOKS OR WEAVING MACHINES APPLICABLE
TO THE WEAVING OF COTTON, SILK, FLAX, HEMP, WOOL, OR ANY OTHER
FIBROUS SUBSTANCES, BY MEANS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS THE WARP
THREADS ARE UNWOUND MORE REGULARLY FROM THE WARP ROLLER, AND THE
CLOTH OR TISSUE TAKEN UP WITH MORE REGULARITY; AT THE SAME TIME
WITHOUT STRAINING THE WARP THREAD, AND BY MEANS OF A PECULIAR
MOTION IN RELEASING THE TENSION ON THE WARP THREAD, HE IS ENABLED
TO GIVE AN ELASTIC OR BACK MOTION TO THE WARP, WHICH PERMITS OF ALL
INELASTIC FIBROUS SUBSTANCES TO BE WOVEN UPON THE POWER LOOK; AND
IN CASE THE WEFT THREAD SHOULD BREAK, THE LOOM CAN CONTINUE IN
MOTION WITHOUT THE CLOTH ROLLER CONTINUING TO TAKE UP, OR WITHOUT
DETRIMENT TO THE TISSUE," upon the condition (amongst others) that
I, the said Ernest Alexandre Gouin, by an instrument in writing under
my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Ernest Alexandre Gouin, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement thereof (that is to say):
My improvements in looms consist, first, in the employment of a
mechanical arrangement of the break on the warp roller, by which
means the tension on the warp threads or the resistance to its unwind-

page_text: ing remains constant, whatever may be the diameter of the roll from
which it is unwound, so that the room may be regulated in such a
manner that a given tension or strain on the warp threads being
necessary to produce the unwinding when the warp roller is full, this
strain will remain constant whatever may be the diameter of the roll of
warp thread, that is to say, the resistance to turning on the circum-
ference of the break pulley liminishes in the exact ratio of the
diminution of the diameter of the roll of warp threads.
Second, in the disposition of the taking up motion, by which means
the force exerted on the tissue or the circumference of the taking up
roll (when once adjusted to the required degree) will remain constant,
without it being necessary for the weaver or person in attendance on
the looms to either change or readjust the taking up force, whatever
may be the diameter of the roll acted upon.
Third, in the taking up motion admitting of exactly the same
amount of advance of the tissue each stroke of the lay beam, that is to
say, the speed of the circumference of the taking up roll will remain
constant whatever may be the diameter.
Fourth, in allowing the tissue woven to give back or unroll a small
quantity each stroke of the lay beam, so as to relieve the strain on the
warp threads when the heddles open or separate the threads for the
passage of the shuttle, or in fact to relieve the warp threads at any
desirable moment for improving and facilitating the action of weaving.
Fifth, in the construction and use of an excentric by which the
backward and forward motion of the taking up lever is produced, so
that the motion of the taking up roller relative to the motion of the
lay beam may be varied in any degree to suit the exigence of the work
or tissue to be produced.
Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4, represent my improvement in the manner of
producing an equal resistance to the unwinding of the warp threads,
which is done by gradually decreasing the weight or tension on the
break pulley of the warp roller. In Figures 1, and 2, A, A, is a lever,
having its fulcrum at B, and between the other end E, and the surface
of the roll of warp threads is interposed a spring F, which presses down
the lever, and consequently throws the requisite strain on the cord,

page_text: strap, or other substance which composes the break which bears on the
surface of the pulley G; it is evident that as the roll of warp diminishes
in diameter the distance between the surface and the end of the
lever E, will be increased, and the compression of the spring will be
decreased, thus decreasing the tension on the break, so that the resist-
ance on the circumference of the pulley G, may be diminished in the
exact ratio of the decrease of the diameter of the roll of warp.
Figures 3, and 4, represent another combination to produce the
same result, where A, A, is the lever to produce pressure on the break
through the medium of the springs F, F, which springs are gradually
relieved as the roll of warp diminishes. These springs are made of
steel or other suitable material.
Figure 5, is the representation of the excentric employed on the end
of the crank shaft to give motion to the double lever H, H, Figures
1. 2, 6, and 7; at the point 1, is the centre of the pin I, I, revolving
freely in its bearings on the double lever; upon the end of this pin I, a
crank arm J, J, is keyed, the end of which is made to bear on the
surface of the roll of tissuo; upon the same pin I, is also fixed the arnı
K, K, the other end of which works in the groove or slot of the lever
L, L, the upper part of which lever is furnished with a number of
drivers, which act upon the ratchet wheel M, M, which is fixed on the
shaft of the taking up roller. On the same pin I, I, but revolving
freely on it, is the arm N, the other end of which works in the groove
or slot of the lever O, O, which is exactly similar to the lever I, L, but
which acts on the other side of the ratchet wheel M, M. At the
point P, is the axis of a small pulley to guide the chain which unites
the arm K, with the arm N, so that when the end of the arm K,
which works in the slot is depressed by the action of the increase in
diameter of the taking up roll, the arm N, will be depressed in a
greater degree, that is, in the ratio of the distance of the points of
attach of the connecting chain from the centre of the axis I. Q, is a
spring which can be adjusted to the required force. Now it is evident
that as the crank shaft revolves the lever H, II, will be depressed, and
the spring Q, will be extended, and, vice versà, the lever H, H, will
rise by the force of the spring, thus producing a backward and forward

page_text: motion to the pin I, which communicates its motion to the levers which
act on the ratchet wheel, but as the angular motion of the levers O,
and L, will be different according as the arms K, K, and N, are at
different distances from the centre of the taking up roll, it is evident
that the action on one side of the ratchet wheel will be more than the
other, consequently there will be a backward and forward motion trans-
mitted to the taking up ratchet; at the same time the tissue will be
advanced a definite distance each stroke of the lay beam.
Figure 7, represent a modification in the form of the lever H,
which is useful to weave very open tissues, and where a positive motion
may be necessary instead of the combined action of the excentric and
the spring, it is evident that the same rolling and unrolling motion will
be transmitted to the roll of tissue by the excentric alone, but without
the elastic action of the spring. In weaving certain tissues the action
of the reed in the lay beam pushing up the weft thread (which is thrown
across by the shuttle) determines the unwinding of the warp thread
from the roller, and the slackness of the tissue thus produced in front
of the reed allows the spring Q, to act and to roll up the tissue, but
when the weft thread breaks or is not thrown across, and the reed
does not encounter the weft thread, there is little or no force produced
by the action of the reed to unwind the warp thread, and the action of
the spring Q, not being sufficient in itself to both roll up the tissue and
unwind the warp thread, the tissue and warp thread remain stationary,
although the loom may continue in motion indefinitely; in fact, the
taking up motion ceases to act.
of which is a
Figures 8, and 9, represent another modification of the taking up
motion. A backward and forward motion is given to the lever R, in
the same or similar manner as is given to the levers L, and O, but
instead of the ratchet wheel M, a worm wheel S, is used; the superior
part of the lever R, carries a worm shaft, on the end
ratchet wheel T, and a moveable arm H, and driver V;
arm U, is made to encounter either a stud or inclined plane fixed to
the framing of the loom; now it is evident that the motion given to
the lever R, will have a tendency to make the end of the moveable
arm U, descend, but as it encounters the stud or piece of the framing
the end of the

page_text: X, it will push the driver, and by this means give motion to the worm
wheel which winds on the tissue to the roller.
In witness whereof, I, the said Ernest Alexandre Gouin, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Sixth day of March, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four.
ERNEST ALEXANDRE GOUIN. (L.S.)
RICHARD LLOYD,
58, Rue de Clichy, Paris.