IMPROVE- MENTS IN BISCUIT BAKING OVENS, AND IN APPLIANCES TO BE USED THERE- WITH.
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Hutchin, of Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Biscuit Manufacturer, for the Invention of “IMPROVE-
MENTS IN BISCUIT BAKING OVENS, AND IN APPLIANCES TO BE USED THERE-
WITH.
"
Sealed the 12th June 1874, and dated the 15th December 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Hutchin at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th December 1873.
I, GEORGE HUTCHIN, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Biscuit Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BISCUIT BAKING OVENS, AND IN APPLIANCES TO BE
USED THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object (1) economical application of heat,
(2) uniform baking of biscuit, (3) saving of labour, and (4) occupation
of small ground room. The said Invention consists essentially in causing
biscuits whilst being baked to be carried by suitable appliances twice
through the oven, either forward and backward through the same baking.

page_text: space, or forward through one baking space and back through another,
and this latter arrangement I prefer. The baking spaces are either
heated by the direct application of flames or by heated gases circulating
through a novel arrangement of flues.
The appliances I prefer to carry the biscuits through the oven are
endless travelling chains carried by pullies. The said endless chains are
provided with wire gauze trays so attached by pins or their equivalents
that they preserve a horizontal position the whole time the biscuits
thereon are within the oven. The said trays are supplied with and
relieved of biscuits when entering and emerging from the oven automa-
tically or by hand.
To heat the baking space or spaces I construct the top and bottom
of each space of sheet metal or.. tiles, and allow flames from the com-
bustion of gas or other fuel to act directly thereon, or where two baking
spaces are used one above the other I employ heated gases or products
of combustion passing through flues led lengthways over the upper and
under the lower baking space, and finally side by side lengthways
between the two baking spaces to the chimney, or as desired.
It will be obvious that a biscuit oven constructed and arranged as
above described will only require to be about half the length of an oven
where the biscuits enter at one end and are delivered at the other.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said George Hutchin in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 15th June 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
HUTCHIN, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Biscuit Manu-
facturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of December, in the year. of
our Lord, One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the thirty-
seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said George Hutchin, Her special licence that I,
the said George Hutchin, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or

page_text: such others as I, the said George Hutchin, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed;
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands; and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BISCUIT. BAKING OVENS,
AND IN APPLIANCES TO BE USED THEREWITH," upon the condition (amongst
others) that. I, the said. George Hutchin, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their, hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after. the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Hutchin; do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the accompanying: Sheet of
illustrative Drawings, and to the figures and letters marked thereon,
that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object (1) economical application of heat,
(2) uniform baking of biscuit, (3) saving of labour, and (4) occupation
of small ground room. The said Invention consists essentially in causing
biscuits whilst being baked to be carried by suitable appliances twice
through the oven, either forward and backward through the same baking
space, or forward through one baking space and back through another,
and this latter arrangement I prefer. The baking spaces are either
heated by the direct application of flames or heated gases circulating
through a novel arrangement of flues.
The appliances I prefer to carry the biscuits through the oven are
endless travelling chains carried by pulleys. The said endless chains are
preferably provided with wire gauze trays, so attached by pins or their
equivalents, and actuated by gravity or mechanical means, that they
preserve a horizontal position the whole time, the biscuits thereon are
within the oven., The said trays are supplied with, and -relieved of
biscuits when entering and emerging from the oven automatically or by
hand.

page_text: To heat the baking space or spaces I construct the top and bottom of
each space of sheet metal or tiles, and allow flames from the combustion
of gas or other fuel to act directly thereon, or where two baking spaces
are used one above the other I employ heated gases or products of
combustion passing through flues led lengthways over the upper and
under the lower baking space, and finally side by side lengthways
between the two baking spaces to the chimney, or as desired.
It will be obvious that a biscuit oven constructed and arranged as
above described will only require to be about half the length of an oven
where the biscuits enter at one end and are delivered at the other.
Fig. 1 is
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
horizontal section, and Fig. 2 a longitudinal vertical section
of a biscuit baking oven constructed under my Invention. Like letters
denote the same parts.
Under the first part of my Invention a are endless travelling chains 1
carried by pullies b, b¹; c, wire gauze trays attached by the pins d to the
chains a; e, weight attached to one end of each tray; f, rollers running
on the rails g, so as to maintain the trays c in a horizontal position; h,
guides to maintain the trays in position whilst passing around the pullies
bi, biscuit delivering space; j, pins acting to raise the tray into a
horizontal position after having delivered the biscuits; k, endless travel-
ling band carrying biscuits from the cutting apparatus to the trays;
7, driving mechanism for the endless chains and trays here shown as
toothed wheel and ratchet; other means may be used. The arrows show
the direction of motion. The action is as follows:-A tray is filled with
biscuits at caused to travel forward through the top baking space m,
through the end space n, and back through the bottom baking space o.
When the tray reaches the delivering space ; the weighted end e falls,
and the biscuits slide off the tray and are collected automatically or by
hand. The continued motion of the chains carries the tray along until
the unweighted end strikes against the pins j', which retain the said end
until the motion of the chain has caused the weighted end to rise into a
horizontal position and until the rollers ƒ rest on the rails g.
Instead of one end of each tray being weighted the carrying pins
might be nearer one end of the tray than the other. When the pins are
in the centre a balance weight might be used to retain the trays in a
horizontal position and the guides and rails dispensed with,

page_text: Under the second part of my Invention the top of each baking space
is constructed of sheet metal 1, and the bottom of tiles 2. The products
of combustion or heating gases are led through the flue 3 over the top
baking space from one furnace through the flue 4 below the bottom
baking space from another furnace, the heating gases from both meeting
in the intermediate flue 5%; from thence they pass to the chimney.
BROOD and ei mits 4.
The products
of combustion or heating gases are led through the flue 3 over the top
baking space from one furnace through the flue 4 below the bottom
baking space from another furnace, the heating gases from both meeting
in the intermediate flue 5; from thence they pass to the chimney.
Instead of heating gases and products of combustion passing through
the flues 3, 4, and 5, gas jets can be used.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and parti-
cularized the same so that others will be enabled to carry my Invention
into practico, I claim,-
First. Constructing biscuit baking ovens and appliances in such
manner that the biscuits enter and are delivered at the same end of the
oven, substantially as described and illustrated.
Second. Causing biscuits whilst being baked to pass twice through
the same baking space or forward through one baking space and back
through a second.
Third. Causing the products of combustion and heating gases from
one furnace to pass through a top flue, from a second furnace to pass
through a bottom flue, the product finally meeting in an intermediate
flue, substantially as described and illustrated.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Hutchin, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, the Twelfth day of June, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four.
In the presence of
JAMES JOHNSON,
Patent Office,
Clayton Square,
Liverpool.
GEORGE HUTCHIN. (L.S.)