matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN PUDDLING IRON
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Lloyd at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th April
1864.
I, JOHN LLOYD, of Donnington, in the County of Shropshire, Engineer to
the Lilleshall Iron Company, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PUDDLING IRON," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the introduction of a combination of air and
steam, collected or forced into a box or chest, into the molten iron by means of
tubes depending from the chest. The chest is held by or attached to chains,
to allow of its being raised or lowered to suit the furnace, or removed for the
purpose of leaving the furnace clear and accessible.
IMPROVE MENTS IN STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur John Joyce at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th February
1864.
I, ARTHUR JOHN JOYCE, of Gower Street, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE
MENTS IN STEAM ENGINES," to be as follows:-
The main object of my Invention is the prevention of vibration in all
structures arising from the working of steam engines as well as in the engines
themselves, and this I accomplish by balancing the cranks, and the upward
thrust and downward pull as exerted between the piston and the ends of the
cylinder. I effect this object by the use of four cylinders acting in equili-
brium with one another either by the employment of four cranks set radially
on the shaft at angles of 90° to one another, or by preference by the employ-
ment of four cylinders set in pairs at angles of 90° to one another, and acting
two and two upon two cranks set in the same plane, but on opposite sides of
the shaft, and at angles of 180° to one another.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PROTECTING THE BOTTOMS AND SIDES OF SHIPS AND VESSELS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Ager at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th October
1864.
I, GEORGE AGER, of Walthamstow, in the County of Essex, Gentleman, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PROTECTING THE BOTTOMS AND SIDES OF SHIPS AND VESSELS," to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object the protection of the bottoms and sides of
seagoing and other vessels by preventing the adhesion thereto of all animal or
vegetable matter.
For this purpose I sheath the bottoms and sides of the ship or vessel to
the required height with plates of sheet lead of suitable size and thickness.
These plates I attach to the ship's bottom and side by means of cement,
marine glue, or other suitable adhesive matter, or by rivetting, soldering,
or other known means.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MARKING INK
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Johannes Möller at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd July
1864.
I, JOHANNES MÖLLER, of No. 8, Shaftesbury Villas, Hornsey Rise, Islington,
in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MARKING INK," to be
as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the manufacture of a red marking ink
suitable for writing on or marking fabrics, and which remains permanently
red. For this purpose I compound the following substances:-The purest
red and fast coloring principle of madder root, with which either cochineal,
magenta, or carmine may be mixed in small proportions, say, from one part in
four to one part in eight, also alcohol about half a drachm to the fluid ounce
of color, and a few drops of sulphuric ether. These last render the color more
fluid. A little common salt and a small quantity of gum or sugar water are
also added. A small quantity of alum is mixed either in the color, or a weak
solution is applied to the material before the color is used.
AN IMPROVED HANDLE OR STOCK FOR TOOLS AND OTHER ARTICLES TO WHICH HANDLES OR STOCKS ARE APPLIED, TOGETHER WITH AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE SHANKS OF THE TOOLS OR OTHER ARTICLES USED THEREWITH
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Ross at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th May 1864.
I, PETER Ross, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Tool Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED HANDLE
OR STOCK FOR TOOLS AND OTHER ARTICLES TO WHICH HANDLES OR STOCKS ARE
APPLIED, TOGETHER WITH AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE SHANKS OF THE TOOLS OR OTHER
ARTICLES USED THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in forming an elastic aperture in the head of the
handle by boring a hole for the reception of the shank of the tool, and by
cutting with a circular saw or otherwise through the handle head lengthwise,
whereby it may be said to be divided into, by preference, four equal parts.
The head of the handle is somewhat conical, and has a screw thread cut on
the outer surface thereof, on to which a collar of a corresponding shape is free
to screw.
The shank of the tool or other article to be inserted in the handle is made
somewhat larger at its outer than at its inner end, so that when placed in the
aperture in the handle head and the collar is screwed down the divided por-
tions of the wood of which the handle is composed are pressed and jammed
closely together and against it, the larger portion being inside, preventing
motion or escape impossible. The tool or other article may be easily removed
by slightly turning the collar sufficiently to release or open the slits in the
handle head.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Roger Crompton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
November 1864.
I, JAMES ROGER CROMPTON, of Elton, in the County of Lancaster, Paper
Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of an improved method of taking the pulp or paper
off the wire web used in paper machines.
After the paper has been couched in the usual manner common to the
Fourdrineer machine, I continue the wire web with the pulp or paper
adhering to it partially round another roller similar to an ordinary couch
roller, and underneath this I place two press rollers similar to an ordinary
press "with the wet felt passing between the two last-named rollers.
The top roller of the said press is heated by steam or otherwise, and the
wire web with the pulp lying on its upper surface, after passing round the
second couch roller before named, is made to come in contact with the top
roller of the said press, and the circumference of this roller being made to
move, either by gearing or straps, at the same speed as the wire web, the
paper or pulp is caused to leave the said wire web and adhere to the top
press roller, and is continued partially round this roller, and passes between it
and the one working in conjunction with it, the wet felt intervening as in the
ordinary first press. The paper now leaves the heated roller, and may be
passed through a second press as is usual, and conveyed to the drying cylinders,
and finished in the ordinary manner.

page_text: By another arrangement, I place the first press rollers underneath the
ordinary bottom couch roller in such a manner that the top roller of this
press will come in contact with the pulp or paper, and so cause it to leave the
wire web and adhere to the said top press roller, as in the other arrangement,
and I consider this plan preferable where there is sufficient room to place the
press under the couch rollers.
In the last-named arrangement the second couch roller is not used.
A "doctor" is placed so as to clear the heated roller of any paper or pulp
that may unnecessarily adhere to it, and a movable tray is suspended near it
to catch the material scraped off by the said doctor. The second couch roller 1
is so arranged that it may be lifted from the heated roller by a shaft and levers
and still allow the wire to remain at the same or nearly the same tension.
Another object of this improvement is to be able to run the paper machine
at a greater speed and so increase the production of the machine, for the
paper when it leaves the heated roller is possessed of greater tensile force 1
than it has when drawn off the wire web in the ordinary manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SWITCHES OR POINTS FOR RAILWAYS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Knowles at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th November
1864.
I, THOMAS KNOWLES, of the City of Manchester; in the County of Lan-
caster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SWITCHES OR POINTS FOR RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
In making switches or points for the purpose of guiding trains from one
line to another it has hitherto been the practice of forming the end of a rail
with a feather edge at the end, and also at that part which is uppermost
when laid; but I plane or otherwise make the end to a fine point or feather
edge, and also both the top and bottom part of the switch the same, that is,
I make both the top and bottom the same shape or parallel with each other,
so that when one edge is worn out the same point or switch can be turned
upside down, and by placing it at the opposite side of the line it will serve
the same purpose as a new switch, thereby forming a double switch, or
making one serve the purpose of two.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CHIMNEY-PIECES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Charles Tucker at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th August
1864.
I, HENRY CHARLES TUCKER, of Hailsham, in the County of Sussex, Builder,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CHIMNEY-PIECES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the use and application of glass or crystal to
chimney-pieces, applied in ornamental devices, such as scrolls, pedestals,
leaves, or other ornamental and architectural designs. The said glass or
crystal may be cast, cut, or etched; it may also be composed of coloured glass
or crystal of all colours, either in pieces or otherwise. At the same time this
said glass or crystal is to be made of sufficient strength and thickness to
enable it to resist concussion, or any other causes that might be liable to crack
or break it. Such glass or crystal as aforesaid is to be attached to the wall,
or paper or wooden back, by rivets, cement, or other suitable attachment.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY CARRIAGES, FOR OBTAINING A COMMUNICATION BY A BUFFER PLATFORM FROM ONE CARRIAGE TO ANOTHER OF A TRAIN
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Simpson Lawson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd July 1864.
I, WILLIAM SIMPSON LAWSON, of High Street Place, Stepney Green,
London, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY CARRIAGES, FOR OBTAINING A COMMUNICATION BY A
BUFFER PLATFORM FROM ONE CARRIAGE TO ANOTHER OF A TRAIN," to be as follows,
that is to say:-
The Invention consists in connecting separate railway carriages by means
of a buffer platform placed over the buffers at each end, and in the whole
breadth of the carriage, projecting partially beyond the said buffers, &
working in somewhat like manner, with steps leading up to the said platform,
and roofed over, making entrance and exit doors at each end thereof; &
also of having down the centre of each carriage a passage in a direct line, and
in communication with the said doors, the seats for the passengers being either
arranged along each side of this passage, or transversely. By means of these
arrangements the separate and several carriages forming a train are connected
together, and a complete line of covered passage communication is obtained
from carriage to carriage from one end of the train to the other, thereby
placing the whole of the carriages in the train in safe, easy, and direct com-
munication with each other, and completely under the guidance and supervision

page_text: of the guard or train conductor appointed for the purpose. The doors at each
end being glazed enables also the passengers in any one carriage to see into
the other, thereby enabling a communication with other passengers, or with
the guard or conductor of the train, and affording protection from violence or
accident at any time.
Im- PROVEMENTS IN REVOLVER FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Tomlinson Bousfield at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th.
March 1864. A communication from abroad by Stephen Wood, residing
at Cornwall, New York, United States of America.
I, GEORGE TOMLINSON BOUSFIELD, of Loughborough Park, Brixton, in the
County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN REVOLVER FIRE-ARMS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the so constructing the locks of revolver
fire-arms that the hammer may be retained at half-cock, also that the
hammer may be drawn back by the thumb to full-cock, and the piece then
exploded by pulling the trigger, and in addition so that the hammer may also
be drawn back and the piece exploded merely by pulling the trigger. For this
purpose the face of the hammer has two notches formed in it, into one of which
a click or pawl enters when the hammer is drawn back a short distance to half-
cock, and into the other notch the same pawl enters when the hammer is by the
thumb drawn back to full-cock; this pawl is by preference carried by and turns
on the same pin as that on which the trigger turns, and the pawl is by means
of a spring pressed against the face of the hammer; pin-jointed to the trigger
is a second pawl which is also pressed by a spring against the face of the
hammer; this spring is carried by the driver that causes the cylinder or
rotating breech to revolve. If the hammer is to be brought to half-cock the
hammer is drawn back until the pawl that turns on the axis of the trigger
enters the half-cock notch formed in its face. If the hammer is by the thumb
drawn back so that the pawl which turns on the same pin as the trigger has

page_text: entered the full-cock notch, the piece may be exploded by pulling the trigger;
this first revolves the rotating breech, and brings a chamber in it opposite the
barrel; the pawl carried by the trigger then comes against the pawl that is in
the full-cock notch in the hammer and pushes it out therefrom, the pawl
carried by the trigger at this time being itself prevented from entering the notch
in the hammer by a projection on the hammer coming against it and keeping
it away from the notches when the pressure is released from the trigger, the
trigger is by its spring brought back to its former position, the pawl carried by
it is then below the full-cock notch before entered by the other pawl when the
hammer was by the thumb drawn back to full-cock. When the hammer is to
be lifted and the piece exploded by merely pulling the trigger, the pawl carried
by it enters the full-cock notch in the hammer, and as the trigger is pulled
back it lifts the hammer until the pawl is pressed out from the notch by the
projection on the hammer coming against it, the hammer is then set free and
the piece exploded.
THE IMPROVED METHOD OF LIGHTING RAILWAY CARRIAGES, AND OTHER CON- VEYANCES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Charles Brant, at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
November 1864.
I, JOHN CHARLES BRANT, Colour Manufacturer, of Walworth, in the
County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"THE IMPROVED METHOD OF LIGHTING RAILWAY CARRIAGES, AND OTHER CON-
VEYANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its objects improvements in the lighting of railway
carriages, cabins, and berths of ships on a new and economical principle, viz. :
I attach to the roof of.railway carriages and other conveyances or floor of
buildings a case or tube, constructed with reflectors so placed in any way I
may deem fit to carry out the nature of my Invention. In the center of the
case or tube or at the ends I place a lamp to burn oil or any other illuminating:
fluid or gas, with a reflector or reflectors. In the roof of the of the carriage,,
and over each compartment I have an opening in which I insert a piece of.
ground or tinted glass, and in the case or tubes illuminated in the roof of the-
carriage over the glass I place a reflector; by this means I thow the light
into every compartment of the carriage, or where required. When gas is.
employed I prefer to place an iron tube or gas holder under the carriage. I
insert in the tube a drum with a spiral spring to force the gas into the supply
pipe to the burner in the roof of the carriage.
Ix- PROVEMENTS IN SEPARATING WOOL FROM REFUSE MIXED FABRICS AND MATERIALS ass
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Saville at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
December 1864.
I, SAMUEL SAVILLE, of Bradford, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Book-keeper, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Ix-
PROVEMENTS IN SEPARATING WOOL FROM REFUSE MIXED FABRICS AND MATERIALS,
to be as follows:--
"
My Invention consists in submitting mixed fabrics or materials containing
wool to the joint action of an acid and an alkali, or salt of an alkali or alkaline
earth. A method I adopt is to immerse the fabric or material in sulphuric
acid to which potash is added, or I replace the sulphuric acid by muriatic
acid. According to another part of my Invention I steep the material in a
heated solution of alum. By these processes cotton or other vegetable fibre
may be beaten out when in a dry state, leaving the wool in a suitable condition
for the usual processes of the woollen manufacture.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SIZING TEXTILE FABRICS AND YARNS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Lightfoot at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th April
1864.
I, JOHN LIGHTFOOT, of Accrington, in the County of Lancaster, Chemist,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SIZING
TEXTILE FABRICS AND YARNS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to fix better on cloth and yarns the flour,
starch, farina, or other substances, that are used for sizing purposes, so that .
the yarn will be better protected by the size, and less liable to injury from
friction in weaving, and also that both cloth and yarn will be better preserved
from. mildew, as well as a substitute for flour, starch, farina or substances
that have been used for such purposes.
Also for finishing printed goods to give certain desired appearances to the
cloth, I use tungstate of soda, potash or ammonia, dry or in solution, mixed
with flour, starch, farina, (or other substances that are used for sizing purposes)
for finishing cloth, yarns, or printed goods, and when I use it for sizing or
finishing yarns, cloth, or printed goods, I take about eight ounces of dry
tungstate of soda or one pint of tungstate of soda, in solution at about 80°
Twaddell's hydrometer, and mix it with from one to four gallons of flour or
starch paste, at from eight to sixteen ounces of flour or starch per gallon. I
pass the yarns, cloth, or printed goods through this mixture by the ordinary
processes of sizing or finishing, and dry.
And when I use tungstate of soda, potash, or ammonia alone, I make a
solution in water of any of the salts named, say, from eight to thirty-two
ounces per gallon. I pass the yarns, cloth, or printed goods through this

page_text: solution and dry, and in some cases for printed goods I am obliged to use con-
siderably less of tungstate of soda, potash, or ammonia, for if too strong it will
affect some colors. I have also found that neutral tungstate of soda, potash,
or ammonia will answer the same purpose, but not quite so well as the alkaline
tungstates. The cloth or yarns when sized with tungstate of soda, potash, or
ammonia, either alone or mixed with starch flour, farina, or other substances
that are made use of for sizing purposes, will be found to be less liable to
mildew. Although tungstate of soda, potash, and ammonia have been named
I find that I can use aluminate of soda, or potash, with some advantage.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF OBTAINING SULPHUR FROM ALKALI WASTE
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Jones at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th February
1864.
I, BENJAMIN JONES, of Warrington, in the County of Lancaster, Manu-
facturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED METHOD OF OBTAINING SULPHUR FROM ALKALI WASTE," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists, first, in the conversion of the insoluble sulphide of
calcium, as existing in the waste, into a soluble bisulphide of calcium by
treating the alkali waste with water and steam in appropriate vessels in which
the substance may be either confined from or exposed to the air, according to
circumstances, until the conversion of the insoluble sulphur compound into
soluble bisulphide of calcium is effected.
Secondly, in the method of separating the soluble bisulphide from the
insoluble residues.
And, thirdly, in the precipitation of the sulphur from the solutions by means
of hydrochloric or any other acid, either at the ordinary or any other elevated
temperature.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING THE DRAG IN THROSTLE SPINNING AND DOUBLING
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Pemberton and John Ford
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 28th September 1864.
We, ALFRED PEMBERTON, of Eccles, in the County of Lancaster, Agent, and
JOHN FORD, of Ordsall Lane, Salford, in the said County, Manager, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR EFFECTING THE DRAG IN THROSTLE SPINNING AND DOUBLING," to be as
follows:-
Our Invention relates to an arrangement whereby the bobbins may be
separately regulated in their drag according to their requirements. For this
purpose we apply an adjustable apparatus to each bobbin capable of being
tightened or loosened thereon, and thus effecting more or less pressure. To this
end we employ a bar running along the frame, to which set screws are adapted,
and these by being advanced towards or turned from the bobbins effect the
required amount of pressure for the necessary drag; but springs or other
binding apparatus may be employed. Also we effect the drag by causing the
bobbins to run upon strips of wood, and this drag may be varied by imparting
smoothness or roughness to the said strips of wood.
AN IMPROVED HOLDER FOR CARTRIDGES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Hamlyn Williams at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th August 1864.
I, ALFRED HAMLYN WILLIAMS, of Fenchurch Street, in the City of London,
Travelling Bag Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED HOLDER FOR CARTRIDGES," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is an improved holder for cartridges, especially
applicable for volunteer practice with ball cartridges.
This holder is so constructed that it will serve for retaining cartridges in
place in the bag or other receptacle instead of their being loose therein, and
it will also serve as a stand, that is to say, it may be made to stand of itself on
any convenient surface.
The number of cartridges expended also may be readily ascertained. The
holder consists of a sheet or piece of cardboard or other material or combi-
nation of materials covered with leather or not, and bent, folded, hinged, or
jointed so that it may be compressed and caused to occupy comparatively
little space when in the bag or receptacle. On this sheet or piece which
forms the body of the holder are a number of pocket sockets, loops, or rings,
each intended to receive a cartridge. When the holder is removed.from the
bag and allowed or caused to expand, open, or extend, it will form a stand,

page_text: the holder resting on one or more of its edges; or the holder may be so
modified that it will not bend, fold, or be capable of compression and exten-
sion, but yet serve as a holder in the bag or other receptacle, and also as
a holder acting as a stand when out of such bag or receptacle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR OPENING AND CLEANING COTTON
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Crowther at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
September 1864.
I, WILLIAM CROWTHER, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR OPENING AND CLEANING COTTON," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in making the teeth of openers and willows and other
machines of the like nature semi-elliptic at the points and round at the shank
end where they are fixed in the cylinder or drum. Likewise in attaching
similar teeth in the top cover, frame, or grids, or to a loose plate or plates,
that can be removed and altered as required. The teeth in the top cover,
frame, or grids, may be made of wood, steel, wrought, malleable, or cast iron,
brass, or any other kind of metal or material. The teeth are fixed in an
horizontal, diagonal, or a slanting position, both in the cylinder or drum, and
in the top cover, frame, or grids.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH CABLES OR WIRES FOR SUBMARINE, SUBTERRANEAN, OR OVERGROUND PURPOSES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Hotham Needham at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th March 1864.
I, FREDERICK HOTHAM NEEDHAM, of the Strand, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH CABLES OR WIRES FOR SUBMARINE, SUBTERRANEAN, OR
OVERGROUND PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in certain improvements in electric telegraph cables
or wires for submarine, underground, or house to house or other purposes,
and relates to their insulation without the use of gutta percha, india-rubber,
or such like materials. I propose to insulate electric telegraph wires by
means of an oxydized surface or coating which will form a non-conducting
covering.
In addition to such oxidated surface, I should propose for submarine wires.
to apply thereto a deposit of saline earthy substances similar to those con:
tained in the sea, such deposit to be formed in combination with the oxidation,
or subsequently thereto. The oxidised surface may be caused very readily.by
means of immersion in diluted acids, such as sulphuric, nitric, or hydrochloric-
acid, and by exposure to moist air or other well known means; or the oxides
of other metals, such as tin, lead, antimony, bismuth, or any of their alloys
may be made to adhere to the surface of the copper-conducting wire oxidized
or in a bright state.

page_text: A comminuted or powdered leaden surface may be applied to the copper,
or an oxide of lead, the water of the ocean would then increase such
oxidation, and preserve thereby the lead from dissolving by the chlorine in the
water; the saline deposits would then attach themselves to the oxidised
lead, and the wire would ultimately become imbedded in a thick line of
insulating deposit. The powdered mineral or oxide might be mingled with
some adhesive materials in order to render it easily applicable to the copper
wire. For submarine wires it would be necessary to strengthen them with &
fibrous material in order to render them capable of sustaining the weight of
a considerable length paid out from a vessel.
Wires for land telegraphs would not require to be treated with saline
earths, although in some cases I should propose to apply a coating of
pulverised earthy substances or solutions...
IMPROVED MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR WORKING CAPSTANS ON SHIP BOARD AND ELSEWHERE
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Elliott at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th December
1864.
I, GEORGE ELLIOTT, Manager to Messieurs Fowler and McCollin, of the
Vulcan Iron Works, Hull, in the County of York, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR
WORKING CAPSTANS ON SHIP BOARD AND ELSEWHERE," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to capstans used on board ships and in harbours and
docks, and also for hauling in the nets of fishing vessels, and consists in the
application of steam power for working such capstans instead of manual
labour as hitherto employed.
In ships and vessels I employ a spindle projecting to a suitable height
above the deck, and passing downwards through a stuffing box into a footstep
at the bottom of the ship or vessel. Through the barrel of the capstan I fix
a key or cotter to connect the capstan to the spindle, and this spindle I
connect by means of bevil, spur, or worm gearing to a pair of small engines
for giving motion to the capstan. In some cases where desirable the capstan
can be worked by means of a shorter spindle than the one above described, by
making the stuffing box deeper, so that the spindle need not pass through the
hold of the ship.
For capstans used on dock or harbour heads, the casing containing the
spindle is securely fixed in position by masonry or other suitable means, and a
pair of bevil, spur, or worm wheels placed on the top of the said spindle, and

page_text: the wheel is connected to the capstan barrel, and motion communicated from
a pair of small engines as above described.
In case of any accident occurring to the working parts of the machinery
the capstan can be worked in the ordinary way by manual labour, by with-
drawing the key or cotter from the spindle, and securing the said spindle
firmly in its place by means of a pawl or other suitable means.
DECORATING JAPANNED WARE AND ARTICLES OF FURNITURE WITH PAPER OR OTHER MATERIAL PRINTED OR ORNAMENTED IN VARIOUS COLOURS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew Smith at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th December
1864.
I, ANDREW SMITH, of Mauchline, in the County of Ayr, North Britain, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "DECORATING JAPANNED
WARE AND ARTICLES OF FURNITURE WITH PAPER OR OTHER MATERIAL PRINTED OR
ORNAMENTED IN VARIOUS COLOURS," to be as follows, that is to say:
This Invention relates to an improved mode of decorating japanned ware
and all kinds of furniture with tartan or other printed or ornamented paper,
or cloth, or other like material, tinted and coloured by blocks or otherwise,
the process being similar to that described in my Provisional Specification,
dated 7th September 1864, No. 2086.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS, CAPS, BONNETS, AND OTHER COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hermann Freystadt, at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
July 1864.
I, HERMANN FREYSTADT, carrying on Business under the Style or Firm of
Tueski and Company, Manufacturers, 42, Jewin Street, in the City of
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS, CAPS, BONNETS, AND OTHER COVERINGS FOR THE
HEAD," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of an improved material to be employed for the
foundations or bodies, brims, and trimmings of hats, caps, bonnets, and other
coverings for the head, and consists in the use or employment of paper, mill-
board, cardboard, or pasteboard covered with calico, linen, silk, or other
suitable material, and afterwards japanned in the usual manner. Or, instead
of paper, millboard, cardboard, or pasteboard, I take the material known as
"Brazilian leaf," and cover it with calico, linen, silk, or other suitable
material, and afterwards japan it.
By this Invention a cheap and suitable material is produced for the purposes
above described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THRESHING MACHINES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John David at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th February
1864.
I, JOHN DAVID, of 3, Vernon Place, Bloomsbury Square, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THRESHING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
It is well known that whatever may be the ability of the attendant in
feeding a threshing machine, it is very difficult, if not impossible, to supply
an equal and regular quantity of straw, hence it results that if the supply be
too abundant the straw will pass through less perfectly threshed than if in
smaller quantity, and causing a waste of power, time, and strain on the machine,
while only imperfect results are obtained.
In the threshing machine of this Invention, whatever the irregularity in the
feeding of the straw into the concave or drum, it is always equally threshed
at all parts. The principal feature of improvement consists in making the
arms of the beaters flexible, so as to permit of their adapting themselves to
the requirements of the work of themselves without requiring any attention
on the part of the attendant. All kinds of agricultural products may be
threshed in this machine, and the improvement may be applied to all existing
machines by simply supplying the beaters with flexible arms in the manner
described.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR BORING GROUND FOR WELLS AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Pelham Maitland at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
July 1864.
I, PELHAM MAITLAND, of River Street, Myddelton Square, in the County
of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR BORING GROUND FOR WELLS AND OTHER
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improved apparatus for boring ground for wells and other
purposes relates to a novel construction of apparatus for boring deep and
narrow holes, as in forming Artesian wells, and for ascertaining the nature of
strata when testing ground for engineering or building operations.
In carrying out my Invention the boring or cutting tool is adapted to the
end of a hollow rod composed of a number of tubes screwed into each other
by their ends, or otherwise connected together, so as to form a hollow rod of
suitable length. This hollow rod is open both at top and bottom, and
throughout its whole length, so as to receive a cylindrical vessel or bucket,
which may be suspended in the hollow or tubular rod by a cord, chain, or
solid rod made in suitable lengths, so that the bucket may be moved up or
down the hollow rod when required. The bucket is provided at its bottom
or lower end with clack valves which open inwards, so that when during the
boring operation the disintegrated soil or rock is forced up against them by
the action of the cutting tool or boring instrument it will open the valves and
enter the interior of the bucket. Another set of valves which open outwards

page_text: may be placed at the upper end of the bucket, and, if desired, these latter
when opening may be made to act upon a detent and release a hammer, which
by striking on a detonating cap will cause an explosion, which will indicate
that the bucket is full and must be withdrawn and emptied and let down
again to the bottom of the tubular rod. The bucket is surrounded at any
convenient part with suitable packing, which will prevent the disintegrated
soil from passing, except into the interior; it is also provided with spring
catches or pins, which by taking into grooves or recesses made on the interior
of the lowermost joint or part of the tubular rod will hold the bucket in its
place during the boring operation, and until the spring catches are released.
Instead of these spring catches the bucket can be held down by means of a
bayonet joint.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BATTERIES AND IN ELECTRIC PRINTING TELEGRAPHS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 11th July 1864.-A communication from abroad by Victor Delaye,
of Paris, France.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BATTERIES AND IN ELECTRIC PRINTING TELEGRAPHS," to be
as follows:-
The improvements in batteries consist in arranging their elements in such
manner as from the same battery to obtain currents of different intensity;
this I effect by placing an additional copper or zinc pole or electrode in one of
the cells, and by carrying a separate wire from each electrode to a sending
instrument a current of a different intensity will be transmitted, say, to a sending
instrument, and through it to the line wire by the ordinary wire, and also from
the additional electrode by the separate wire to the sending instrument, then
by connecting the two at the sending instrument a current of increased
intensity will be transmitted along the line wire.
My improvements in electric printing telegraphs consist in the employment
of reinforced currents or currents of different intensities transmitted along
one and the same wire, that is to say, I employ an ordinary current and when
required an increased or reinforced current, whether produced in manner before
described or otherwise (whether voltaic or electro-magnetic) for the purpose of
producing the release and consequent revolution of the type wheel, and by the
reinforced current the release and consequent action of the printing machinery.

page_text: The accompanying Diagram shows an arrangement of battery of 40 cells
suitable for carrying this part of my Invention into effect. The smaller
current derived from 18 cells, C¹ to Z, is here used to magnetize an armature
and release a detent, enabling the type wheel to revolve by clockwork in the
ordinary manner. The reinforced current, namely that from the whole
battery, C to Z, is employed to magnetize a separate and larger armature,
which releasing a separate detent enables separate clockwork to actuate the
printing hammer which strikes under the type wheel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM AND OTHER MOTIVE POWER ENGINES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jesse Simes at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th November
1864.
I, JESSE SIMES, of Tonbridge, in the County of Kent, Brewer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM AND
OTHER MOTIVE POWER ENGINES," to be as follows:-
In steam and other motive power engines considerable cost is incurred in
obtaining a close packing between the piston and the cylinder, and there is
also great difficulty in maintaining such close packing so as to avoid loss of
power by the escape of the steam or other power employed; and the object of
my improvements is to remedy these evils and to render close fitting of the
parts altogether unnecessary. For this purpose the piston is formed with an
extended flange, or cylinder to dip into mercury to a depth dependent upon
the pressure of the steam or other motive power employed, which in acting
on the piston may pass the edges of it, but in doing so it acts upon that
surface of the mercury in the annular space formed between the outer cylinder
and that attached to the piston, causing a depression of the mercury in that.
space and a rise of it on the other surface of the flange or cylinder attached.
to the piston to an extent dependent on the pressure of the steam or other
power employed. By these means economy of construction and working are
obtained, and engines thus arranged are particularly applicable to using
superheated steam.

page_text: My improvements also relate to giving motion to the slide valves of steam
and other motive power engines from the exhaust side of them, by which the
pressure on the part immediately connected to the valve by the steam or other
power employed is removed.
A NEW APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN FASTENINGS FOR ARMOUR PLATES ON SHIPS, AND IN OTHER LIKE FASTENINGS WHERE BOLTS AND NUTS ARE USED
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Cowper Phipps Coles at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
February 1864.
I, COWPER PHIPPS COLES, of Southsea, in the County of Hants, Captain in
the Royal Navy, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"A NEW APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN FASTENINGS FOR ARMOUR PLATES ON SHIPS,
AND IN OTHER LIKE FASTENINGS WHERE BOLTS AND NUTS ARE USED," to be as
follows:-
My new apparatus is a conical washer, which is inserted with the taper end
foremost over the threaded end of the bolt, and is screwed up by the nut.
In some cases I make the washer and nut in one piece.
IMPROVED ARRANGE- MENTS FOR LOCKING AND UNLOCKING THE DOORS OF RAILWAY CARRIAGES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Shaw, at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th December
1864.
I, RICHARD SHAW, of Patricroft, in the County of Lancaster, Cotton Spinner,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED ARRANGE-
MENTS FOR LOCKING AND UNLOCKING THE DOORS OF RAILWAY CARRIAGES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in various improved modes of locking and unlocking
railway carriage doors, and may be applied so as to lock or unlock all
simultaneously, or to lock one side while it unlocks the other or opposite side,
and vise versa..
In one arrangement I place below, or in the floor of the carriage at each
side a shaft running the length of the carriage (and lying in bearings) and
fix on the cains, cranks, or eccentrics placed so as to work a rod, rods, or
other connection communicating with the lock, catch, or fastening of each
door; this is done by means of an upright rod, chain, or other connection
between the aforesaid cams, cranks, or eccentrics, and the lock, catch, or
fasteners so that when the shaft is moved as required the locks, catches, or
fasteners are made to catch or uncatch as the case may be. The shafts, cams,
cranks, or eccentrics are worked or moved by a handle or lever attached to.
the said shafts, which two shafts may be worked separately or together by

page_text: connecting them with handles or levers by a bar, rod, or chain, so that the
locks, catches, or fasteners of both sides of the carriage may be worked
simultaneously.
In another arrangement I make the shafts to slide by a wheel and pinion,
worm wheel or lever, and firmly attach the upright or connecting bar between
the lock, catch, or fasteners to the aforesaid shaft, so that the upright bar or
connecting rod may act as a spring for the lock, catch, or fasteners, the latter
being attached at right angles thereto, and by placing in each door a lever
capable of being moved by a handle for pressing back the upright rod, the
doors may be locked or unlocked separately when required.
In another arrangement I apply the upright bar to act directly as the lock,
catch, or fastener by being raised or lowered, as the case may be, by means of
the cams, cranks, or eccentrics and the before-mentioned shafts.
I also employ wire ropes or chains to act as substitutes for the shafts placed
below or in the bottom of the carriage, and also for the shaft connecting the
aforesaid two shafts together, when the doors of both sides of the carriage are
to be acted upon simultaneously.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Askew at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th July
1864.
I, CHARLES ASKEW, of No. 27, Charles Street, Hampstead Road, in the
County of Middlesex, Coppersmith, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the permanent way of
railways.
For this purpose I employ rails of the section shewn at Figure 1 of the
annexed Drawing, and as chairs I employ angle pieces, such as is shown at
Figure 2, one is placed on each side of the rail and a bolt passing through the
angle pieces and through the flange of the rail secures the parts the one to the
other. The ends of the rails are fished by angle pieces similar in section to
those shown at Figure 2, but longer than the pieces employed for chairs, so
that the angle pieces may be bolted to the two rails as is usual in applying fish
plates.
Figure 3 is a section of the parts combined together. The dovetail
enlargement at the bottom of the flange of the rail prevents it rising in
the chairs and fish plates.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TRAPS FOR DRAINS, SINKS, GULLEYS, AND OTHER PLACES WHERE TRAPS ARE APPLIED
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Cartwright Reed at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
November 1864.
I, SAMUEL CARTWRIGHT REED, of Fleet Street, in the City of London, Doctor
of Medicine, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TRAPS FOR DRAINS, SINKS, GULLEYS, AND
OTHER PLACES WHERE TRAPS ARE APPLIED," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in suspending a valve or valves, but by preference two
valves, at a convenient distance apart in the box or case of the trap as hereafter
described. The valves are fitted with trunnions which are loosely hung upon
supports attached to or cast in a piece with the sides of the box or case. These
valves are free to move inwards and towards each other, but motion in the
contrary direction is arrested by their abutting each against a metal plate
inclining upwards and terminating against the ends of the box or case, and in
such manner that when the valves are in their normal position, an acute angle
is formed by the inclined plates and themselves. A pointed hood or roof
shaped cover fits over the valves, and receives the first shock of the water and
refuse that falls through the grating above, and by reason of its shape it guides
or distributes the sewage as near as may be in equal proportions on each side;
as the sewage so falls it passes between the inclined surfaces and the valves
to the drain or sewer below, the said surfaces being inclined, preventing the
stoppage thereon of any substance. As soon as the sewage has passed, the
valves close and are so at all times except when opened by sewage passing

page_text: through. In the event of one valve becoming choked the other is free and
sufficient to take off on all ordinary occasions, the sewage that passes through.
The parts are so arranged that the hood can be lifted on raising the ordinary
grating and then the valves are free to be taken from their supports to be
cleaned, or for other purposes. The box or case in which the trap constructed
as before described, is placed, is made somewhat larger at its upper than at
its lower end, so as to allow ample space for the motion of the valves and for
facilitating the removal of the .parts therefrom. The whole of the parts are
made of cast iron which may be enamelled, vitrified, galvanized, or treated
in any other approved manner as experience may dictate. Traps constructed
in the manner before described are fitted by preference immediately beneath
the ordinary grating, but they may be applied to any part of a drain or gulley
where found necessary.