AN IMPROVED MATERIAL TO BE USED IN WELDING IRON OR STEEL
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Denton Abel, of No. 20, Southampton
Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, for the
Invention of "AN IMPROVED MATERIAL TO BE USED IN WELDING IRON OR
STEEL." A communication from abroad by Hermann Schierloh, of
Jersey City, in the County of Hudson, State of New Jersey, United
States of America.
Sealed the 16th February 1875, and dated the 15th September 1874.
:
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Denton Abel
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 15th September 1874.
I, CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of No. 20, Southampton Buildings,
5 Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MATERIAL TO BE USED IN
WELDING IRON OR STEEL," to be as follows:-

page_text: Clean wrought-iron turnings or chips are ground in a steel mill or by
edge runners till they are reduced to particles like those resulting from
filing with an ordinary fourteen-inch bastard file. With these is mixed
an equal quantity of refined borax, from which about 10 per cent. of
the water of crystallisation has been previously driven off by heat. The
mixture is then ground to about the fineness of ordinary meal. With
the flux so prepared iron can be welded to iron or to steel; or steel can
be welded to steel; or iron or steel can be welded to cast iron at a much
lower heat than is required for ordinary welding, a bright cherry red
heat being generally sufficient.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Charles Denton Abel in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 10th March 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
DENTON ABEL, of No. 20, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in
the County of Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of September, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-
eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Charles Denton Abel, Her special
license, that I, the said Charles Denton Abel, my executors, adminis-
strators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Charles Denton
Abel, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Inven-
tion for "AN IMPROVED MATERIAL TO BE USED IN WELDING IRON OR STEEL," a
communication to me from abroad by Hermann Shierloh, of Jersey

page_text: City, in the County of Hudson, State of New Jersey, United States of
America, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Charles
Denton Abel, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Denton Abel, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to the preparation of a material to be used in
welding iron or steel.
Clear wrought-iron turnings or chips are ground in a steel mill or by
edge runners till they are reduced to particles like those resulting from
filing with an ordinary fourteen-inch bastard file. With these is mixed
an equal quantity of refined borax, from which about 10 per cent. of
the water of crystallisation has been previously driven off by heat. The
mixture is then ground to about the fineness of ordinary meal. With
the flux so prepared iron can be welded to iron or to steel; or steel can
be welded to steel; or iron or steel can be welded to cast iron at a much
lower heat than is required for ordinary welding, a bright cherry red
heat being generally sufficient.
Instead of borax, or along with it, other chemical ingredients known
and used for welding purposes may be employed in preparing the flux.
The flux prepared as above described is applied in the usual way to
the pieces to be welded; and it may also be used with advantage to
prevent steel from being deteriorated, or as it is usually called "burnt"
in heating, and to restore steel that has been so deteriorated.
Having thus described the nature of this Invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to me by my
foreign correspondent, I claim, the use for welding iron and steel of a

page_text: flux powder consisting of ground iron and borax, prepared substantially
as herein set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Denton Abel, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Tenth day of March in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five.