IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF ROLLING FRICTION TO THE AXLE-BOXES AND JOURNALS OF RUNNING SHAFTS AND AXLETREES OF MACHINES AND VEHICLES OF ALL DESCRIPTIONS FOR LESSENING THE RESISTANCE TO THE MOTION.
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Nicolas Bailly, of the Town of Vesoul, in the
t
L...
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Empire of France, Agent of the Eastern Railway of France, Charles
Durand, of the Town of Jussey, in the said Empire of France, Chief
Draughtsman of the said Railway, George Howard Mesnard, of
No. 4, Vimiera, Wandsworth Road, in the County of Surrey, England,
Engineer, and Zacharie Poirier, of Number 2, The Grove, South
Lambeth, in the said County of Surrey, Merchant, for the Inven-
tion of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF ROLLING FRICTION TO
THE AXLE-BOXES AND JOURNALS OF RUNNING SHAFTS AND AXLETREES OF
MACHINES AND VEHICLES OF ALL DESCRIPTIONS FOR LESSENING THE RESISTANCE
TO THE MOTION.".
: Sealed the 28th: February 1865, and dated the 14th November 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Nicolas Bailly, Charles
Durand, George Howard Mesnard, and Zacharie Poirier at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 14th November
1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Nicolas Bailly, Charles
Durand, George Howard Mesnard, and Zacharie Poirier at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 14th November
1864.
We, NICOLAS BAILLY, of the Town of Vesoul, in the Empire of France,
Agent of the Eastern Railway of France, CHARLES DURAND, of the Town of

page_text: Jussey, in the said Empire of France, Chief Draughtsman of the said
Railway, GEORGE HOWARD MESNARD, of No. 4, Vimiera, Wandsworth Road,
n the County of Surrey, England, Engineer, and ZACHARIE POIRIER, of
No. 2, The Grove, South Lambeth, in the said County of Surrey, Merchant,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
APPLICATION OF ROLLING FRICTION TO THE AXLE-BOXES AND JOURNALS OF RUNNING
SHAFTS AND AXLETREES OF MACHINES AND VEHICLES OF ALL DESCRIPTIONS FOR
LESSENING THE RESISTANCE TO THE MOTION;" and which further improvements
are joint Invention of us, the said Nicolas Bailly, Charles Durand, George
Howard Mesnard, and Zacharie Poirier (to be as follows):-'.
This Invention relates to improvements in the application of rolling friction,
being further improvements upon those secured by a Patent dated 3rd
September 1868, No. 2177, granted to the said Nicholas Bailly and Charles
Durand, and consists in where the bearings are circular in form the applica-
tion of a cylinder running freely upon the axle or shaft, or a lining fixed
thereto, supported on spheres or other suitable manner, which supports enter
a throat in the lining, shaft, or axle, the ends of the cylinder are cut away in
a dished and .coned form to receive spheres, which spheres also enter into a
throat upon the lining, shaft, or axle, and upon the end plates which embrace
the the whole apparatus and fix it to the bearing of the shaft or axle of
the machine, or wheels, or other appliance whatsoever. Where the bearings
are not circular in form the application consists in a kind of turntable beneath
the shaft or axle formed by a basin in the bearing, and by a circular coned
and dished piece turning freely on a pivot cut away in a curved form on its
outer edge to receive spheres, 3, or 4, or more in number, upon which the
turntable piece rotates, the spheres entering a throat on the under side
thereof; on the upper surface it is in contact with and supports the shaft or
axle, which also rests upon a sphere running within the upper surface of
the turntable, and entering a throat in the shaft or axle, and guided by a
friction roller, which is supported by chairs in the axle box; in these chairs
are also supported two or more large friction rollers, which are above the shaft
or axle; there are 4 tapered and screwed keys & nuts to firmly adjust and fix

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed'
by the said Nicolas Bailly, Charles Durand, George Howard Mesnard;
and Zacharie Poirier, in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 12th May
1865.
TO ALL TO. WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, NICOLAS
BAILLY, of the Town of Vesoul, in the Empire of France, Agent of Eastern.
Railway of France, CHARLES DURAND, of the Town of Jussey, in the said,
Empire of France,, Chief Draughtsman of the said Railway, GEORGE HOWARD
MESNARD, of Number 4, Vimiera, Wandsworth Road, in the County of.
Surrey, England, Engineer, and ZACHARIE POIRIER, of Number 2,.The.
Grove, South Lambeth, in the said County of Surrey, Merchant, send.
greeting..
.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-eighth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said Nicolas Bailly,, Charles Durand, George Howard Mesnard, and.
Zacharie Poirier,, Her special licence that we, the said Nicolas Bailly,.
Charles Durand, George Howard Mesnard, and Zacharie Poirier,. our
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we,. the said
Nicolas Bailly, Charles Durand, George Howard. Mesnard,, and Zacharie
Poirier, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at, any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
APPLICATION OF ROLLING FRICTION TO THE AXLE-BOXES AND JOURNALS OF RUNNING
SHAFTS AND AXLETREES OF MACHINES AND VEHICLES OF ALL DESCRIPTIONS FOR
LESSENING THE RESISTANCE TO. THE MOTION," upon the condition (amongst..
others) that we, the said Nicolas Bailly, Charles Durand, George Howard
Mesnard, and Zacharie Poirier, our executors or administrators,. by an instru+ -
ment in writing under our, or their, or one of their hands and, seals, should.
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in.
what manner the same was to be performed, and, cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent..
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said George Howard Mesnard and
Zacharie Poirier, on behalf of ourselves and the said Nicolas Bailly and

page_text: Charles Durand, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement, reference being bad to
the Sheet of Drawing hereunto annexed, and forming part of this our
Specification, and to the figures and letters of reference marked thereon
This Invention relates to improvements in the application of rolling friction,
being further improvements upon those secured by a Patent dated 3rd
September 1868, No. 2177, granted to the said Nicolas Bailly and Charles
Durand, and consists where the bearings are circular in form in the applica-
tion, as herein-after described and shown in the Drawings, of a cylinder
running freely upon the axle or shaft or on a lining fixed thereto, supported
on spheres, which spheres or other equivalent supports enter or work upon a
throat or shoulder formed on the lining shaft, or axle; the ends of the
cylinders are cut away in a dished and coned form to receive the spheres in
suitable openings or embrasures. Where the bearings are not circular in
form the application may in some cases be made to consist of a kind of turn-
table beneath the shaft formed by a basin in the bearing, and by a circular
coned and dished piece turning freely on a pivot, cut away in a curved form
on its outer edge to receive spheres, 3, or 4, or more in number, upon which
the turntable piece rotates, the spheres entering a throat on the under side
thereof on the upper surface; it is in contact with and supports the shaft or
axle, which also rests upon a sphere running within the upper surface of the
turntable, and entering a throat in the shaft or axle, and guided by a friction
roller, which is supported by chairs in the axle box; in these chairs are
supported two or more large friction rollers, which are above the shaft or
axle there are 4 tapered and screwed keys to firmly adjust and fix the
same.
But as this last arrangement would, where it may be desirable to use it, be
only a modification of one of the arrangements described in the former Patent
of Messrs. Bailly and Durand, no claim is here made to it.
The annexed Sheet of Drawings shews the application of our Invention to
the axles of horizontal and vertical shafts or bearings in machines, road and
railway and other carriages, &c.
Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of the axle-box of a road carriage,
where the wheel rotates and the axle is fixed. Upon the axle A of the
'carriage is immoveably fixed a cylindrical piece B, on the exterior of which at
the ends is turned the throats a, a, a, a, and two grooves b, b, in which rol
spheres C, which support a cylindrical envelope D, made in one, two, or more
'pieces, in the ends of which cylinder are cut coned and curved embrasures or

page_text: openings to receive the working spheres E, which rotate in or upon the throats'
or shoulders a, a, a, a, before described, and in or upon the throats or
shoulders é, e, e, e, turned in the end plates F, which are fixed to the wheel.
by bolts or other suitable means, and which will be so arranged as to exclude
dust and dirt from entering the box. It will be easily seen from this arrange-
ment there can be no movement in the direction of the length of the axle,
and only a rolling movement' upon the spheres E, which spheres being
embraced and kept équidistant by the cylindrical piece. D (which..piece is
carried round by the rolling action) turned horizontally in their onward
progress, thereby ever changing the surfaces in contact. The effect of the
cylindrical piece D with its embrasures is such as to cause the working
spheres E to turn about in every sense, and the effect of the action of the
parts is such that the sphere has, always a tendency to wear itself true; this
cylindrical piece bears only its own weight on the spheres, and its duty being
simply to keep the working spheres E equidistant from each other, it has
little or no work to do, and can never therefore develop frictional heat
sufficient to render the bearings, shaft, or axle heated to any injurious
extent.
Figure 2 is a sectional end view, shewing the working spheres E.
Figure 3 is a section through the cylindrical envelope D, shewing the
supporting spheres C.
Figure 4 is a plan of the cylindrical envelope D.
Figure 5 is an elevation of the end plates F.
5
Figure 6 is an arrangement similar to that described Figure 1, for a long
bearing in carriages or machinery where the axle or shaft rotates, and the
wheel is fixed thereto, the same letters of reference, as before, applying to the
same respective several pieces or parts thereof. This Drawing shows the
throats a, a, a, a, turned upon the axle or shaft A, dispensing with the
cylinder B, which is not required in all cases.
Figure 7
Figure 8
Figure 9
shews the arrangement when applied to large shafts or axles,
where the bearings are short, the same letters of reference as before,
applying to the same respective several pieces or parts thereof,
the supporting spheres C in this case are dispensed with.
The metal which we prefer to use for the supporting spheres and other
parts of the apparatus is cast iron, but other hard metals may be used.
Our Invention being now described, and the manner of carrying it into
effect, we wish it to be understood that we do not confine ourselves to the
precise arrangement as shewn in the accompanying Sheet of Drawing, so
long as the peculiar features of our Invention bo retained, which Invention

page_text: consists in the use of apparatus providing in the manner herein-before,
described for the peculiar application of rolling friction to the axle-boxes and
journals of running shafts and axletrees of machines and vehicles, substantially
as set forth in the present Specification.
In witness whereof, we, the said George Howard Mesnard. and Zacharie
Poirier, for ourselves and on behalf of the said Nicolas Bailly and Charles
Durand, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twelfth day of May,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five.
GEORGE HOWARD MESNARD. (L.S.)
Z. POIRIER..
(L.S.)