IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RAILWAY WHEELS
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Maurice Gandy, of Liverpool, in the County
of Lancaster, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION
OF RAILWAY WHEELS."
Sealed the 9th July 1875, and dated the 6th May 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Maurice Gandy at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
6th May 1875.
I, MAURICE GANDY, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF RAILWAY WHEELS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the construction of composite wheels of iron,
steel, or other metal and paper, and consists in the novel combinations
of metal and paper herein-after described.
Firstly. To construct a railway wheel according to this Invention I
use a tyre formed with a bulb or dovetailed projection on its inner
surface. The main body of the wheel is formed of compressed paper, by

page_text: .
'
preference manufactured in manner as described in the Specification of
Letters Patent granted to me on the 6th day of January 1875, num-
bered 52. This paper filling is supported and kept in position by two
dished metal discs shaped at their outer edges to receive and fit on to
the bulb or dovetailed inner rim of the tyre. These discs are by
preference shrunk or contracted on to the tyre in manner as described in
the Specification of Letters Patent granted to me on the 16th day of
January 1875, numbered 173. The nave or boss of the wheel is formed
with two flanges, one being fast to the boss and the other loose thereon.
These flanges are spaced apart so as to receive the thickness of the body
of the wheel, namely, the paper filling and the metal discs. Between
the discs and the boss I place packing rings of paper, and between the
flanges on the boss and the discs I also place packing rings of paper,
thus insulating the boss or nave from the metal discs. The discs are
held together by means of bolts suitably spaced near the circumference
of the disc. These bolts are fitted, by preference, loose in the discs and
tight in the paper, the holes may be larger in both, and be fitted with
hollow plugs or ferrules. The discs and paper are secured to the nave
by means of bolts which pass through the flanges on the nave or boss.
These bolts are also made to fit loose in the metal and tight in the paper,
or they may be fitted with ferrules.
. Secondly. To construct a railway wheel according to this Invention I
use a tyre, as herein-before described, with a bulb or dovetailed pro-
jection, and I use the paper body, as herein-before described, in com-
bination with one dished disc fitted and insulated, as described, and for
the second disc I substitute a ring shaped to fit the bulb or dovetailed
projection on the tyre and attached to the paper body and discs by bolts,
as before described. In some instances I insert a plain disc between the
ring and the paper body, the bolts passing through the ring, the plain
disc, the paper body, and the dished disc, as will be understood. The
loose flange on the boss, as described in the first part of this Specifi-
cation, I bring hard up against the paper filling and bolt therethrough
to the fast flange on the nave or boss, and outside of the dished disc;
or I bring the loose flange hard up against the plain disc and then bolt
through, as will be understood.
Thirdly. To construct a wheel according to this Invention I use a
tyre, as herein-before described, fitted with a bulb or dovetailed pro-
jection, and I use a paper body, as herein-before described, in com-

page_text: bination with two plain discs and two rings, such rings being shaped to
fit the bulb or dovetailed projection on the tyre, the whole being bolted
together and also fitted at the nave or boss, as before described.
Fourthly. To construct a wheel according to this Invention I use a
tyre, as herein-before described, with the bulb or dovetailed projection,
and I use a paper body, as herein-before described, in combination with
two rings shaped to fit the bulb or dovetailed projection, and attached to
the paper body of the wheel by bolts, as before described, the body being
attached to the nave by bolts passing through the fast and loose flanges
on the nave and through the body, as will be understood.
Fifthly. To construct a wheel according to this Invention I use a tyre
provided with a flange or web on the inside circumference thereof, such
flange or web being formed at the outside edge of the tyre. The main
body of the wheel is formed of compressed paper which is supported and
protected by two metal discs, the body of the wheel being held to the
tyre by bolts passing through the said body and the web on the inside
of the tyre. The body of the wheel is attached to the nave by means of
bolts which pass through a fast and loose flange, as described in the first
part of this Specification.
In some cases the inside disc may be provided with a projection
which fits into a dovetailed groove in the tyre, or a loose ring may be
used; or I construct a wheel, as lastly described, with one loose ring,
dispensing with the discs and bolting the paper to the web on the tyre
and to the loose ring, as will be understood.
In constructing wheels, as herein-before described, and where the
discs or rings are made to fit the bulb or dovetailed projection on the
tyrc, I by preference shrink or contract the said discs or rings on to the
tyre, in manner as described in the Specification of Letters Patent
granted to me on the 16th day of January 1875, numbered 173.
30 SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Maurice Gandy in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 6th November 1875.

page_text: +
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Sixth day of May, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the thirty-
eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Maurice Gandy, Her special licence,
that I, the said Maurice Gandy, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Maurice Gandy, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term.
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF RAILWAY WHEELS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Maurice Gandy, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Maurice Gandy, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
-
This Invention relates to the construction of composite wheels of iron,
steel, or other metal, and paper, and consists in the novel combinations
of metal and paper herein-after described.
surface.
Firstly. To construct a railway wheel according to this Invention I
use a tyre formed with a bulb or dovetailed projection on its inner
The main body of the wheel is formed of compressed paper,
by preference, manufactured in manner as described in the Specification
of Letters Patent granted to me on 6th January 1875, numbered 52.
This paper filling is supported and kept in position by two dished metal
dises shaped at their outer edges to receive and fit on to the bulb or
dovetailed inner rim of the tyre. These discs are, by preference, shrunk
or contracted on to the tyre in manner as described in the Specification
of Letters Patent granted to me on 16th January 1875, numbered 173.

page_text: The nave or boss of the wheel is formed with two flanges, one being fast
to the boss and the other loose thereon. These flanges are spaced apart
so as to receive the thickness of the body of the wheel, namely, the
paper filling and the metal disos. Between the discs and the boss I
place packing rings of paper, and between the flanges on the boss and
the discs I also place packing rings of paper, thus insulating the boss or
nave from the metal discs. The discs are held together by means of
bolts suitably spaced near the circumference of the disc. These bolts
are fitted, by preference, loose in the discs and tight in the paper.
The
holes may be larger in both, and be fitted with hollow plugs or ferrules.
The discs and paper are secured to the nave by means of bolts, which
pass through the flanges on the nave or boss. These bolts are also made
to fit loose in the metal and tight in the paper, or they may be fitted
with ferrules.
Secondly. To construct a railway wheel according to this Invention I
use a tyre as herein-before described with a bulb or dovetailed projection,
and I use the paper body as herein-before described in combination with
one dished disc fitted and insulated as described, and for the second disc
I substitute a ring shaped to fit the bulb or dovetailed projection on the
tyre, and attached to the paper body and disc by bolts as before
described. In some instances I insert a plain disc between the ring and
the paper body, the bolts passing through the ring, the plain disc, the
paper body, and the dished disc as will be understood. The loose flange
on the boss as described in the first part of this Specification I bring
hard up against the paper filling and bolt therethrough to the fast flange
on the nave or boss and outside of the dished disc, or I bring the loose
flange hard up against the plain disc and then bolt through as will be
understood.
Thirdly. To construct a wheel according to this Invention I use a
tyre as herein-before described, fitted with a bulb or dovetailed projec-
tion, and I use a paper body as herein-before described in combination
with two plain discs and two rings, such rings being shaped to fit the
bulb or dovetailed projection on the tyre, the whole being bolted
together and also fitted at the nave or boss as before described.
Fourthly. To construct a wheel according to this Invention, I use a
tyre, as herein-before described, with the bulb or dovetailed projection,
and I use a paper body as herein-before described in combination with

page_text: two rings shaped to fit the bulb or dovetailed projection, and attached to
the paper body of the wheel by bolts as before described, the body being
attached to the nave by bolts passing through the fast and loose flanges
on the nave and through the body as will be understood.
Fifthly. To construct a wheel according to this Invention I use a
tyre provided with a flange or web on the inside circumference thereof,
such flange or web being formed at the outside edge of the tyre. The
main body of the wheel is formed of compressed paper, which is sup-
ported and protected by two metal discs, the body of the wheel being
held to the tyre by bolts passing through the said body and the web on
the inside of the tyre. The body of the wheel is attached to the nave
by means of bolts which pass through a fast and loose flange, as
described in the first part of this Specification.
In some cases the inside disc may be provided with a projection,
which fits into a dovetailed groove in the tyre, or a loose ring may be
used, or I construct a wheel, as lastly described, with one loose ring,
dispensing with the discs, and bolting the paper to the web on the tyre
and to the loose ring as will be understood.
In constructing wheels as herein-before described, and where the
discs or rings are made to fit the bulb or dovetailed projection on the
tyre, I, by preference, shrink or contract the said discs or rings on to
the tyre, in manner as described in the Specification of Letters Patent
granted to me on the 16th day of January 1875, No. 173.
In order that this my Invention may be more clearly understood I
have hereunto annexed two Sheets of Drawings illustrative of the
various novel combinations of metal and paper which constitute my
Invention of improvements in the construction of railway wheels. The
Drawings are full size, and like letters marked thereon indicate corre
sponding parts in the various modifications. The letters and figures also
correspond with those used in the following explanation :—
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation illustrating a sufficient portion for
practical purposes of a railway wheel constructed according to the first
method described in the beforegoing Specification.
Figure 2 is a sectional elevation illustrating my Invention according to
the second method described.
Figure 2 is a sectional elevation illustrating my Invention according to
the second method described.

page_text: Figure 3 is a sectional elevation illustrating my Invention according to
the third method described.
Figure 4 is a sectional elevation illustrating my Invention according to
the fourth method described.
Figures 5, 6, 7, and 8 are sectional elevations illustrating my Invention
according to the fifth method described.
Firstly. Upon reference to Figure 1 it will be seen that in con-
structing a railway wheel I use the tyre A with a bulb or dovetailed
projection such as shown at B on its inner surface. The main body of
the wheel is formed of compressed paper C, by preference manufactured
as described in the Specification of Letters Patent granted to me, No. 52,
A.D. 1875. This paper filling C is supported and kept in position by
two dished metal discs D, E, shaped at their outer edges D¹ and E¹ to
receive and fit on to the dovetailed inner rim B of the tyre A. The
discs D, E, are by preference shrunk or contracted on to the tyre A
in manner as described in the Specification of Letters Patent granted to
me, No. 173, A.D. 1875. The nave or boss a of the wheel is formed
with two flanges b, d, the flange b being fast and formed on the boss a
and the flange d being loose on the boss a. These flanges are spaced so
as to receive the thickness of the body of the
filling C and the metal discs D, E.
boss a I place packing rings e of paper, and between the flanges b, d, on
the boss a and the discs D, E, I also place packing rings of paper h,
thus insulating the boss or nave a from the metal discs D, E. The
discs D, E, are held together and to the paper filling C by means of
bolts F suitably spaced near the circumference of the discs D, E. These
bolts Fare fitted by preference loose in the discs D, E, and tight in the
paper filling C. Where the bolts pass through the metal discs they may
be provided with ferrules such as f. The discs D, E, and the paper
filling C are secured to the nave a by means of bolts 2, which pass
through the flanges b, d, on the nave or boss a. These bolts may also
be made to fit loose in the metal and tight in the paper, and they also
may be provided with paper ferrules.
wheel, namely, the paper
Between the discs D, E, and the
Secondly. Upon reference to Figure 2 it will be seen that a modifi-
cation of my Invention consists in using a tyre A, as described in
reference to Figure 1, with a dovetailed projection B, and the paper
body C in combination with one dished disc E fitted and insulated as

page_text: before described, and for the second disc I substitute a ring I shaped to
fit the dovetailed projection B on the tyre A, and attached to the paper
body C and the disc E by bolts F. In some instances I use a plain
disc J between the ring I and the paper body C, as shown in the
Drawings. The centre and nave of the wheel may be constructed essen- u
tially as shown at Figure 1.
Thirdly. Upon reference to Figure 3 it will be seen that another
modification of my Invention' consists in using a tyre A, as before
described, and a paper body C in combination with two plain discs J, K,
and two rings I, L, shaped to fit the dovetailed projection B on the 1
tyre A, the whole being bolted together and also fitted to the nave or boss.
as before described.
Fourthly. Upon reference to Figure 4 it will be seen that another
modification of my Invention consists in using a tyre A, as before
described, and paper body C in combination with two rings I, L, shaped
to fit the dovetailed projection B on the tyre A, and attached to the paper
body C by bolts F. The body C is attached to the nave by bolts passing
through the fast and loose flanges b, d, on the nave a through the body C,
as will be understood.
Fifthly. Upon reference to Figures 5, 6, 7, and 8 it will be seen that 2
other modifications of my Invention consist in using the tyre A provided
with a flange or web S on the inside circumference thereof, such flange or
web S being formed at or near the outside edge of the tyre A. In some
cases the inside edge of the tyre may be formed with a dovetailed pro-
jection B, as shown at Figures 5 and 6. In some cases the dovetailed 2
projection may be omitted, as shown at Figures 7 and 8. The main body
of the wheel is formed of compressed paper C, which is supported and
protected by two metal discs J, K, as shown at Figure 5, the body of
the wheel being held to the tyre by bolts F passing through the said
body and discs and the flange or web S and ring I, as shown at
Figure 5, or the discs J, K, may be dispensed with and the wheel con-
structed as shown at Figure 6; also in some cases the ring I may be
dispensed with and the wheel constructed as shown at Figures 7
and 8.
Having now fully described and ascertained the nature of this my
Tuontion and shown how the come man ha nut into prectioal oneration.

page_text: dimensions of the parts constituting railway wheels constructed according
to my Invention, as the same are capable of considerable variations, but
what I claim as my Invention is,―
Firstly. A railway wheel constructed as shown in Figure 1 of the
accompanying Drawings, namely, with the tyre such as A, having a
dovetailed projection such as B in combination with a paper body such
as C and two dished metal discs such as D, E, and the bolts F and the
boss or nave, such as shown, the whole substantially as set forth in the
before-going Specification.
Secondly. A railway wheel constructed as shown in Figure 2 of the
accompanying Drawings, with the tyre, such as A, having a dovetailed
projection such as B in combination with the paper body such as C, and
one dished disc such as E, and one plain disc such as J, and a ring such.
as I, and the bolts F, the whole substantially as set forth in the before-
going Specification.
Thirdly. A railway wheel constructed as shown at Figure 3 of the
accompanying Drawings, with a tyre such as A, having a dovetailed pro-
jection such as B in combination with the paper body such as C and two
plain discs such as J, K, and two rings such as I, L, and the bolts F,
the whole substantially as set forth in the before-going Specification.
Fourthly. A railway wheel constructed as shown at Figure 4 of the
accompanying Drawings, namely, with the tyre such as A, having a
dovetailed projection such as B in combination with the paper body such
as C and two rings such as I, L, and the bolts F, the whole substan-
tially as set forth in the before-going Specification.
Fifthly. A railway wheel constructed as shown at Figure 5 of the
accompanying Drawings, namely, with the tyre such as A having a
dovetailed projection such as B and a flange or web S in combination
with the paper body such as C, two plain discs J, K, and a retaining
ring such as L, and the bolts F, the whole substantially as set forth in
the beforegoing Specification.
Sixthly. A railway wheel constructed as shown at Figure 6 of the of
the accompanying Drawings, namely, with the tyre such as A, having a
dovetailed projection such as B, and a flange or web S in combination
with the paper body such as C, and a retaining ring such as I, and the
bolts F, the whole substantially as set forth in the beforegoing Speci-
fication.

page_text: Seventhly. A railway wheel constructed as shown at Figure 7 of the
accompanying Drawings, namely, with the tyre such as A, with the
flange S in combination with the paper body such as C, a disc such as J,
and the bolts F, the whole substantially as set forth in the beforegoing
Specification.
Eighthly. A railway wheel constructed as shown at Figure S of the
accompanying Drawings, namely, with the tyre such as A, with the
flange S in combination with the paper body such as C, and the bolts F,
the whole substantially as set forth in the beforegoing Specification.
6
In witness whereof, I, the said Maurice Gandy, have hereunto set 1
my hand and seal, this Fourth day of November, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five.