IMPROVE- MENTS IN COOLERS FOR WINE AND OTHER LIQUIDS AND SUBSTANCES, AND IN VESSELS FOR PROTECTING LIQUIDS AND OTHER SUBSTANCES FROM UNDESIRED EFFECTS OF THE ATMOSPHERE OR ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE, ALSO IN COVERS OR STOPPERS FOR THE SAME AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Clifton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st March
1867.
I, HENRY CLIFTON, of New Bond Street, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN COOLERS FOR WINE AND OTHER LIQUIDS AND SUBSTANCES, AND IN VESSELS
FOR PROTECTING LIQUIDS AND OTHER SUBSTANCES FROM UNDESIRED EFFECTS OF THE
ATMOSPHERE OR ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE, ALSO IN COVERS OR STOPPERS FOR THE
SAME AND OTHER ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
My cooler is constructed with a shell, wall, or casing, divided by one or
more partitions into two, three, or more compartments; these compartments
are covered in and enclosed on all sides, and they are concentric if the vessel
is round, or those of each side are parallel with each other if the vessel is
rectangular or straight sided. One or more of these compartments contain
charcoal or some other material which is a non-conductor or bad conductor of
heat and cold, and the other or others contain dead, confined or compressed
air, in other words the compartments are one within or behind the other.
What I prefer is to employ three compartments, the outermost and the
innermost containing charcoal or other non-conducting substance and the
intervening compartment containing confined air.
The central part of the apparatus, that is to say, the space enclosed by
the shell or casing, consists of two chambers concentric or one within the
other; the innermost one contains ice or iced water, and the one surrounding..

page_text: it contains the matter to be cooled. The innermost is closed by a removeable
lid, and over the whole is another lid also formed with compartments one
overlying the other, one or more containing charcoal or other non-conducting
or badly conducting substance, and the other or others contain dead, confined,
or compressed air; or the cover may only contain the non-conducting or badly
conducting substance; between the bottom of this cover and the lower lid a
small space is left in which the air is confined when the cover is on. Proper
taps are provided for drawing off the water or other matters; there may be a
filter at or near the bottom. Sometimes I use two covers in addition to the
cover which closes the innermost chamber; the uppermost cover is made with
superimposed compartments containing non-conducting or badly conducting
material and air, as in the cover before-mentioned, and the second cover which
is placed a little below it to allow for an intervening layer of air is a
removable plate or diaphragm, its object being to allow of one portion of the
apparatus being uncovered without having necessarily to uncover the other
portion.
For wine or other bottled beverages the outer shell is fluted or composed of
a series of half round hollow columns, each being intended to contain a bottle,
the outer wall or shell being formed with compartments arranged and filled
as those before described, and the central space of the cooler, that is, the space
enclosed by the partition of the bottle space, is a chamber or chambers con-
taining ice or ice and water, the cover being arranged as above described; a
filter may be provided at the lower part of the vessel.
My apparatus or vessel for protecting milk, butter, and other matters from
the influence of the atmospheric temperature is a vessel, the shell casing or
outer portion of which consists of compartments formed by partitions concentric
with, parallel to, or surrounded by the outside, of the vessel; these compart-
ments are covered over and enclosed on all sides, and contain confined, dead,
er compressed air. Within this arrangement the central or interior part of
the vessel forms a chamber for containing the matter to be protected, and is
provided with a cover fitting air-tight, and which may be also provided with
air compartments. The whole may be closed in by an upper cover of this or
ordinary character; there may be within the whole an internal chamber for
ice or other agent.
My improved cover or stopper is a plug round which is an elastic packing
ring; the lower part of the plug is hollowed out so as to form a conical
recess or a recess with bevelled or sloping inner sides, and the edges of this
part are slit or otherwise made expansible. In this hollow or recess is a plate,
diaphragm, or piece, which when a compartment for coutaining charcoal or

page_text: other substance is required may be made hollow and form a chamber; this
plate, piece, or chamber is capable of working up and down in the hollow or
recess before mentioned when moved by a lever. When the lever is
depressed the moveable plate, piece, or chamber is raised, thereby forcing the
lower part of the plug outward into or against the packing, and thus effecting
a tight joint, or the same effect may be obtained by making the plug or the
lower part thereof moveable so that it can slide down over the plate, diaphragm,
or chamber.