matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FLOATING DOCKS, AND OTHER FLOATING STRUCTURES
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Michael Swan at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th November
1858.
I, MICHAEL SWAN, of Henstridge Villas, St. John's Wood, in the County of
Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FLOATING DOCKS, AND OTHER FLOATING
STRUCTURES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved construction and arrangement of
floating dry docks, pontoon bridges, landing stages, and other floating struc-
tures of a similar nature, whereby great economy and simplicity of construction
are combined with facility in working or manoeuvring.
According to this Invention when applied to the construction of floating
docks, it is proposed to construct the dock of two or more pontoons, connected
at their lower or under edges by means of strong girders supporting a cradle;
the span between the pontoons, that is to say, the width of the cradle being
sufficient to receive a ship. These pontoons and cradle are perfectly air-tight
at the top and sides, but are open at the bottom in place of being closed, as
heretofore, so that the water is allowed to rise more or less within them,
according to the quantity of air contained in or forced into the upper part.
By having suitable air pumps connected with the pontoons for the purpose of
forcing air therein, and furnishing such pontoons with escape valves, it is
obvious that they may be floated or sunk, as desired, by simply forcing air in
or letting the air escape. The engines for working the pumps may either be

page_text: carried on the decks of the pontoons or in water-tight compartments made
inside the same; and separate air-tight bulkheads may be made in the
pontoons for the purpose of increasing the buoyancy of those parts of the
pontoons subject to the greatest pressure or weight. The two or more pon-
toons should be connected by a pipe or pipes, so that an equilibrium of air
pressure may be maintained therein. This pneumatic principle of mouthed
pontoons may obviously be applied to the construction of floating pontoon
bridges, landing stages, and other similar floating structures.
The details of construction may in all cases be considerably modified so long
as the main features of this Invention are retained.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND ADAPTATION OF SEWERS
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick John Money at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th September 1858.
I, FREDERICK JOHN MONEY, of Thaxted, in the County of Essex, Surgeon
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION AND ADAPTATION OF SEWERS," to be as follows:-
It has hitherto been usual to construct sewers with one general opening for
the reception and removal of the waste water and sewage of towns; but I
propose to construct them with a pipe or connected pipes laid therein through-
out their entire length, so as to afford separate channels on conduits, one for
the liquid, and the other for the sewage; such internal pipes being con-
structed of metal, earthenware, or other suitable material. I further arrange
the sewage pipes, that they may be connected with dwellings by branch
sewage pipes, independent of the ordinary water drains leading therefrom to
the main sewer. And the main sewage, metal, or other pipes, laid within
the main street sewers, may have at suitable intervals plugs or valves, to
relieve them of any excessive pressure, and may, when convenient, be laid
at such levels as to deliver their contents into barges, or otherwise, for further
removal; or, when requisite, the delivery of the sewage may be facilitated by
employing the archimedian screw, or like mechanical means to raise it.
CONVERTING A CERTAIN VEGETABLE SUBSTANCE INTO FIBROUS MATERIAL FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF TEXTILE AND OTHER FABRICS
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Lichtenstadt at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd December
1858.
I, DAVID LICHTENSTADT, of Henry Cottages, Park Road, Peckham, in the
County of Surrey, Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "CONVERTING A CERTAIN VEGETABLE SUBSTANCE INTO FIBROUS MATERIAL FOR
THE MANUFACTURE OF TEXTILE AND OTHER FABRICS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in utilising the sugar cane deprived of its sugar by
reducing that vegetable substance to fibrous material, which may be spun,
woven, and otherwise treated so as to produce textile and other fabrics. I
take sugar cane after it has been freed from the saccarhine matter, and I cut
away the knots or joints, and put the pieces (which have been severed from the
knots), in bundles into a boiling caustic solution, and force this solution into
the pores of the cane by steam or other pressure, and after a sufficient time I
take out the bundles and press the cane between the rollers so as to break the
cane and bring out flattened fibrous material. After this I wash it in dilute
sulphuric or other suitable acid, and then I again boil the whole in a sapon-
aceous solution in order to liberate the fibrous material from all the vegetable
glue and albumen. After all it is to be washed in clean hot water, and may
be treated in the usual way of treating fibrous material for manufacturing
purposes. The knots may be treated in the same way, but will produce an
inferior article only, which might be used for stuffing purposes, &c.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RESPIRATORS
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Higginbottom Treacher
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th October 1858.
I, WILLIAM HIGGINBOTTOM TREACHER, of Blackfriars Road, in the County
of Surrey, Surgical Mechanician, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RESPIRATORS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists, first, in forming respirators with separate chambers
for inhalation and exhalation in the manner hereafter described; and, second,
in fitting into the inhaling chamber powdered charcoal or other chemical
purifying agent.
I construct my respirator with an outer shield or plate, which may be
covered with velvet, cloth, silk, or other textile material; at a small distance
behind this outer shield I place a similar plate, and bring both plates together
at their ends; along the centre of and between the plates I fix a partition, which
shuts off all communication between the top and bottom of the plates. In
the back plate I cut two slots, one above and the other below the partition,
and over these slots I fix upon slight springs or blades, thin pieces of metal,
one to each slot. These pieces of metal carried on the blades form valves,
and I make one to open inwards and the other outwards; I cover the space
between the outer and inner plates with perforated metal both at top and at
bottom, and for convenience of wear I apply a perforated metal screen at the
back of the inner plate, and pad the screen to make it fit over the mouth.
Where desired I place powdered charcoal or sponge moistened with any

page_text: purifying agent in that chamber to which the valvo opening inwards is fitted.
In this respirator, without the slightest additional effort in breathing, air is
inhaled through one chamber and exhaled through a separate chamber;
consequently the air exhaled is not again drawn into the lungs, nor can it
comminglo with that drawn in.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS USED FOR EXHIBITING ADVERTISE- MENTS
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Enrico Tamberlick at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th August
1858. A communication.
I, ENRICO TAMBERLICK, of the Rue du Commerce, Quartier Leopold,
Brussells, in the Kingdom of Belgium, do hereby declare the nature of the
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS USED FOR EXHIBITING ADVERTISE-
MENTS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus used for exhibit-
ing advertisements, and consists in the employment for this purpose of a hollow
column erected in any suitable locality, and by preference of an octagonal
form. This column it is preferred to construct of a framework of iron, glazed
on all its faces, and on the glass advertisements are written in ornamental or
other letters, as may be desired. Within the column a lamp or lamps are
placed, which by shining through the glass render the advertisements legible
at night. On the top of the column an ornamental lantern is placed, and on
the transparent sides of this lantern directions to the streets of a town or city
In this
may be written. This column may also carry an illuminated clock.
manner the advertising structure is made both ornamental and generally
useful. The column may also be arranged to receive and afford shelter to a
person employed in selling newspapers or other articles.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUSES FOR SPINNING THREADS; FOR PREPARING THREADS FOR WEAVING AND KNITTING; FOR COVERING CORES WITH FIBROUS AND OTHER MATERIALS; AND FOR MAKING ROPES, PARTS OF WHICH ARE APPLICABLE AS PULLEYS, REELS, AND BOBBINS
Year: 1858

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Wilkinson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th March
1858.
I, WILLIAM WILKINSON, of Bayswater, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUSES FOR SPINNING THREADS; FOR PREPARING
THREADS FOR WEAVING AND KNITTING; FOR COVERING CORES WITH FIBROUS AND
OTHER MATERIALS; AND FOR MAKING ROPES, PARTS OF WHICH ARE APPLICABLE AS
PULLEYS, REELS, AND BOBBINS," to be as follows:-
Upon a revolving ring or table, shewn on the machine in plan at A,
Figure 1, and in side elevation detached at Figure 3, I mount round the
surface thereof as many bobbin or reel carriers B, B, B, as there are threads
or strands required. Each carrier takes one bobbin carrying one, two, or
more threads or strands, coloured or not as may be required, and each bobbin
is free to revolve on or round the axis a of its carrier. The threads or strands
upon these bobbins are intended to form the covering threads or strands, but
the core, where a core is required, is carried upon a drum, reel, or bobbin C
behind or below the revolving ring, and is introduced through the central
aperture 6 in the ring. The ring being made to rotate, and the core with its
covering threads being drawn away, the bobbins will be made to turn and give

page_text: off their supply. I wind the finished material upon drums, bobbins, or reels
D, shewn in plan, Figure 1, and side elevation, Figure 2.
I form the pulleys E, reels C, bobbins B, and other like articles employed
in the spinning, preparation, winding, or. carrying of threads, of ironstone,
china, or other like material made from a plastic substance, and then dried,
baked, or fired by first fashioning the article while in the plastic state, forming
the necessary hole or aperture therein by drilling or pressure together, in some
cases with perforations around the rim for the threads to pass through, and
finishing the same by firing or baking in the usual manner; or I form these
articles of glass. When made of ironstone, china, or other like materials, I
ornament the ends thereof by printing or painting. For polishing threads, I
pass them over rollers, or through pipes in contact with horsehair. Where
required, I render the threads while being operated on waterproof, by passing
them through a waterproofing solution. Pulleys manufactured as above
described are applicable to various purposes of utility.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY BRAKES
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Cuit and Alexandre
Godefroy at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 27th May 1858.
We, CHARLES CUIT, Manufacturer, and ALEXANDRE GODEFROY, Gentleman,
both of Paris, in the Empire of France, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY BRAKES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to an improved brake having a frame with three
sides, two of which are twin beams, between which the wheels roll.
In order to put on the brake, this frame is lowered on to the line, and rolls
thereon on rollers each having double spindles and a flange, and presents an
incline to the wheel of the carriage on which the latter wheel ascends, and
raises the carriage. In order to remove the brake, the frame is raised
between the wheels, and leaves them free to perform their rototary movements.
Fig. 1 of the Drawings annexed is a side elevation, and Fig. 2 an end view.
a, b, body of the carriage; c, ordinary wheels; d, sheet-iron braces placed
on each side of the carriage, embracing the wheels; e, cross bar, connecting
the braces; f. incline fixed on the braces, on which incline the wheels
ascend; g, rollers having moveable double spindles, on which the wheel
ascends; h, other rollers having a flange capable of rolling on the rails, and
thereby causing the frame to slide on the line when it supports the carriage;
these rollers also have moveable double spindles; i, chains supporting the
frame; these chains are attached to the frame of the carriage; j, chain
for raising the frame; k, windlass for working chain j. The chain j and

page_text: windlass may be replaced by an endless screw, rack, or other equivalent;
, roller or guide for the chain; m, traction bar of the first carriage, it is
forked; n, traction bar of the second carriage, it is a rod which is held by a
pin in the fork m.
When the guard wishes to put on the brake he lowers the frame which
rolls on the line, the wheels of the carriage ascend on the rollers, and the
whole stops short by the sliding of the frame on the line. In order to remove
the brake he raises the frame by means of the windlass.
ORNAMENTING TEXTILE FABRICS
Year: 1858

page_text: the application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Theodore Raymond and
Alphonse Lambert at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 27th February 1858.
We, JOSEPH THEODORE RAYMOND and ALPHONSE LAMBERT, both of Cale-
donian Road, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "ORNAMENTING TEXTILE FABRICS," to be as follows (that is
to say) :-
Our Invention, which has for its object the ornamenting of textile fabrics
such as are manufactured from silk, wool, cotton, or otherwise, for the general
purposes of upholstery, consists in printing upon the surface or surfaces of the
said fabrics any appropriate device or design in suitable varnish, size, or
cement, through the medium of engraved blocks, plates, or otherwise, and
coating the said surfaces so cemented or otherwise with powdered vegetable,
animal, or mineral substances of varied colors, so as to cause the same to
adhere to the cemented portions, and thereby form the pattern or design upon
the fabric.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING SKINS FOR TANNING
Year: 1858

page_text: This Invention received Provisional Protection, out notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Garnett Taylor at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th March 1858.
I, WILLIAM GARNETT TAYLOR, of Ashby-de-la-Zouch, in the County of
Leicester, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING SKINS FOR TANNING," to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object the removal of the fur more particularly
from hare, rabbit, and other similar skins by mechanical means preparatory to
such skins being tanned into leather. Heretofore, when skins of this kind
were required to be tanned, the fur was removed by chemical agents, such as
lime, potash, and soda, but which are all found to be injurious, either to the
fur or pelts; whereas by the mechanical means which I propose to employ to
remove the fur and prepare the skin for tanning the fur as well as the pelts
will be preserved from injury. The mechanical means I propose to employ
for removing the fur from the skins are knives, so arranged as to act on the
surface or cylindrically, to remove the fur close to the pelt, the skin being
adjusted so as to come in continuous contact with the edges of the knives.
LOADING CANNON AT THE BREECH
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Warry at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition; on the 20th November
1858.
I, ROBERT WARRY, Armourer Sergent, 3rd Depôt Battalion, Chatham, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "LOADING CANNON AT
THE BREECH," to be as follows:-
The cannon is cast solid and bored from muzzle to breech thro' the cascable
midway between the cascable and trunions. A conical cylindrical plug or
tumbler, which is fastend to the left side of the gun by means of a steel
plate, thro' which, and the whole breech of the gun this tumbler revolves,
having a quarter turn by means of a leaver, and the shoulder and scrue inside
prevents its moving to eather side; it has an axle protruding thro' the steel
plate, to which the lever is affixed. The quarter turn will either bring up the
hallow side of the tumbler, which then forms and has all the resisting powers
of a breech, or leaves the gun entirely open. The charge is introduced by the
hand, and then placed beyond the tumbler by means of a flanged ramrod;
this completed, the leaver in the act of shutting the breech has also the power
of cutting the cartrige end by means of the tumbler, and introduces the-
powder to the nipple, which is placed above the breech on the right hand
side. The scrue in the steel plate has the effect of easing the revolution of
the tumbler, as in the opening of the gun it brings the tumbler slightly out of
its bedding from right to left, which in shutting the tumbler it wholly recovers, _
thereby ensuring the tightness of the tumbler or breech during explosion..

page_text: An oil hole is introduced at the left rear corner of the breech from the surface,
for the purpose of oiling the tumbler on the bottom side, and which prevents
friction and assists in loading. The whole breech of the gun from the
trunions is square-sholdered outside; the bore from cascable to the length of
the charge in front of the tumbler is a shade larger than the bore of the fore
reach of the gun, to admit the charge easily. It must be understood that the
tumbler has been placed through the breech solidly, and is hollowed on the one
side thro' the boring of the gun, leaving a portion of the tumbler of sufficient
strength to resest the explosion of the charge.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SPOONS AND FORKS
Year: 1858

page_text: eceto
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st June
1858. A communication.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office of Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughstman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
SPOONS AND FORKS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the application of malleable cast iron for the
manufacture of spoons and forks in place of the copper or brass at present used
in the production of these articles in electro-plated ware. The malleable iron
is rolled in the same way as in the manufacture of the like articles in copper,
but under the influence of a double decarburation, to which the cast iron is
subjected. By this means an economy is effected in the cost of the articles,
the copper being replaced by an innocuous white metal, which presents also the
advantage of increased strength.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF ORNAMENTAL FABRICS FOR LADIES' DRESSES
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Lomas at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th October
1858.
I, JOHN LOMAS, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Calico Printer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
PRODUCTION OF ORNAMENTAL FABRICS FOR LADIES' DRESSES," to be as follows:-
My Invention applies to cotton, woollen, silk, or other piece goods upon
which patterns are produced by processes of printing, weaving, or by other
means, and consists in forming another pattern thereon by embossing, and in
such manner that the said embossed parts, when the piece is made up, may
follow a leading outline of the dress. Thus, I emboss the edge or edges of a
piece of printed cloth, which may then be made up into a "flounced robe,"
the said flounces being ornamented by the embossed parts, or it may in like
manner be made up into dresses called robes à quille."
IMPROVEMENTS IN BRAKES FOR COMMON ROAD VEHICLES
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Mainwaring at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st December
1858.
I, WILLIAM MAINWARING, of Brimfield, in the County of Hereford, Surveyor,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
BRAKES FOR COMMON ROAD VEHICLES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to brakes for two-wheeled vehicles, to relieve the
horses attached thereto when going down hill. On the axletree I attach a
rigid pendent arm or arms, the lower part of which supports the fulcrum of a
long lever, the fore end of which carries a skid or brake surface, which when
lowered rubs against the ground; this end of the lever projects forward in front
of the wheels, while the back and free end by which the brake is actuated pro-
jects behind the cart or other vehicle, so that the driver may readily apply it.
This end of the lever is furnished with an arc and stop pin, or other suitable
contrivance, by which to fix the lever in the different positions desired.
Accordingly, another arrangement in addition to the lever, I apply a stay or
prop from the shaft to the brake surface or skid, so that when it is forced
forward by the leverage, it at the same time tends to raise the shafts and so
relieve weight from the horse's back, which is also the case in some measure
in the arrangement first described. For dog-carts, gigs, &c., I use compound
leverage, so as to bring the range of the hand lever within convenient reach
of the driver while on his box.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COILING AND SECURING TELEGRAPH CABLES, PREPARATORY TO LAYING THEM FROM SHIPS OR VESSELS
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Josiah Latimer Clark at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th Sep-
tember 1858.
I, JOSIAH LATIMER CLARK, of Adelaide Road, Haverstock Hill, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN COILING AND SECURING TELEGRAPH CABLES, PREPARATORY TO
LAYING THEM FROM SHIPS OR VESSELS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in coiling and securing
telegraph cables preparatory to laying them from ships or vessels. For
these purposes, in place of using bands or fastenings around the successive
coils, which require to be cut in succession to release the successive coils, the
bands or fastenings used by me are such that they are successively released
without being cut. In coiling an electric telegraph cable into the hold or
other part of a ship or vessel, strong cords or bands are used at intervals
around the coils, the one end of each cord or band is to be made fast and a
loop is to be made therein, and such loop is to embrace a coil of the cable,
then another loop is to be drawn through the previous one, and such loop
is to embrace the next coil of the cable, then another loop is to be drawn
through the previous one which is to embrace the next coil of the cable, and
in this manner each coil is to be embraced by a loop formed in each of the
cords or bands, and so long as the last end of each coil or band is retained,
the loops will hold the coils securely together, but as the ends of the cords or

page_text: bands are pulled, the succeeding loops formed in the length of the cord or
band will be released, and the coils of the cable will be successively unlashed
one from another.
Another arrangement is to employ a number of bearers of hoop iron or
other material, which are placed radially under each layer of a coiled cable, and
in the act of laying each coil of a cable on the radial bearers a cord or band
is passed from under each bearer over the coil, then under the bearer, then
over the next coil of the cable, and so on, by which arrangement a layer of
coils of a cable will be released from the lashings by withdrawing the radial
bearers from below the coils in succession.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MILL BANDS
Year: 1858

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Brazenor and George
Brazenor at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 19th February 1858.
We, THOMAS BRAZENOR, the elder, and GEORGE BRAZENOR, the younger,
Saddlers and Harness Makers, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN MILL BANDS," to be as follows (that is to say):-
Our Invention consists in the application to mill bands of tawed in contra-
distinction to tanned leather, selecting for this purpose suitable hides, and
stretching them while in a green state; from the tawing from such skins so
treated we-form our bands, using them singly or doubly, but if double we
purpose securing them together by suitable rivets, not that we wish to confine-
ourselves to this mode, as they may be sewed or stitched in the ordinary way.
Bands thus made of tawed leather will be found much more flexible and
enduring than when made of tanned hides as commonly used.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF ORNAMENTING TEXTILE FABRICS
Year: 1858

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
August 1858. A communication.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF ORNAMENTING TEXTILE
FABRICS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object to produce ornamental designs upon lace
or net, and such like fabrics, by the application of various colors, principally
to the figured or ornamented parts thereof.
I prefer to use for this purpose mineral colors, such for instance as those
prepared from metals, and which may by means of a suitable mordant be set
fast in the fabric so as to resist any amount of washing.
The designs so applied to the fabric may consist of flowers, fruits, arabesques,
animals, landscapes, figures, escutcheons, armorial bearings, or any other kind
of designs or devices.
The colors may be applied to the fabric to be ornamented either by means
of brushes or by printing, or in any other suitable manner.
A NEW OR IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF JAPANNED WARES
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Walton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th June
1858.
I, FREDERICK WALTON, of Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A
NEW OR IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF JAPANNED WARES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of the method, herein-after described, of manu-
facturing japanned wares, that is to say, articles which are ordinarily made of
japanned iron or papier mâché.
In carrying my Invention into effect, I make the body or foundation of the
articles of iron in the usual way; I then apply a coating of black japan or
other suitable adhesive varnish or cement to the surface of the article, and
sprinkle or dust upon the japan, while the said japan is adhesive, vegetable
fibre in a finely divided state, that is, such a dust or powder as is produced by
pounding or rubbing down unsized paper. After the japan has hardened by
stoving or otherwise, I paste one, two, or more sheets or layers of making
paper, that is unsized paper, upon the flock surface produced by the attached
vegetable fibre. The sheets or layers of making paper are applied as in the
manufacture of papier mâche wares, and the article is finished by japanning as

page_text: japanned wares are usually finished. Articles made according to my Invention
have the strength of japanned iron wares, and the external character and
appearance of papier mâché goods, and the japan is not liable to blister as it
frequently does in japanned iron goods.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRODUCING PRINTING SURFACES FROM ENGRAVED PLATES
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Bradbury at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st October
1858.
I, HENRY BRADBURY, of the Firm of Bradbury and Evans, of Whitefriars,
in the City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PRODUCING PRINTING SURFACES FROM ENGRAVED PLATES," to
be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in producing printing
surfaces from engraved plates. For these purposes a composition is spread
over an engraved plate in order to get a cast, and from such cast an electro-
type plate is obtained. The composition consists of gutta percha and animal
grease or oil, or vegetable oil (by preference, lard or olive oil is used). The
gutta percha is combined with the grease or oil by means of heat. The
composition is kneaded and washed in warm water, and then the water is
completely pressed out. The composition is laid on a plate, and heat is
applied to the under or back surface of the engraved plate, so that by melting
the composition the whole of the engraved parts may be filled. The coating
of composition thus applied is when dry or set to be removed, and from it
an electrotype plate is to be produced, as is well understood; but in place of
resorting to the ordinary means of preparing the surface of the cast taken from
the engraved plate, it is preferred to wash the surface of the composition cast
over with a solution of the nitrate of silver, and then to subject the same to
the vapours or fumes produced from phosphorous and caustic potash.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF LUBRICATING COMPOUNDS
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew Baader, at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th September
1858.
I, ANDREW BAADER, junior, of Mittenwald on the Isar, Bavaria, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF
LUBRICATING COMPOUNDS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the preparation of lubri-
cating compounds, and consists in combining quicksilver and asbestos with the
following fatty and oily matters,-tallow, rape oil, sheep's fat, linseed oil, and
hogs' lard.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PROPELLING SHIPS OR VESSELS
Year: 1858

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Raymond at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th January
1858.
I, HENRY RAYMOND, of Bristol, in the County of Gloucester, Artisan, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PROPELLING SHIPS OR VESSELS," to be as follows (that is to say) :-
My Invention, which has reference to the propulsion of ships or vessels,
which I designate the "vacuum cylinder ship propellor," consists in forming
or placing within the hull of the ship or vessel, in any suitable submerged
position in the line of motion with the vessel, one or more cylinders, provided
with pistons or plungers in such manner as to admit of their being actuated
by steam or other motive power, and a free ingress and egress of the water
thereto obtained, the ship or vessel being propelled by the pressure of the
water acting externally upon the superficial area of the pistons or plungers
against a vacuum formed on the opposite sides of the same.
A MODE OF CROSSING BANKERS' CHEQUES AND DRAFTS
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Thomas Clarke at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
October 1858.
I, SAMUEL THOMAS CLARKE, of 30, Kildare Terrace, Westbourne Park,
in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "A MODE OF CROSSING BANKERS' CHEQUES AND DRAFTS," to
be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved system or mode of crossing bankers
cheques and drafts, and consists in effecting such crossing by means of per-
forations, the parallel lines with the banker's name or simply the words "and
Co." appearing in perforations in lieu of in ink, which latter is not secure or
safe from its great liability to be tampered with successfully. By perforating,
cutting, or punching out certain portions of the cheque, the same when so
crossed cannot possibly be again restored to its former or uncrossed condition.
The apparatus required for crossing cheques on this system consists simply of
a tool fitted with a series of small punches, arranged so as to produce the
parallel lines and words required in crossing a cheque, the whole being fitted.
into any ordinary or convenient form of press.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE DECOMPOSITION OF SALT AND IN THE ABSTRACTING OF METALS FROM THEIR OBES
Year: 1858

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Milne Syers at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th February
1858.
I, JOHN MILNE SYERS, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Manu-
facturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE DECOMPOSITION OF SALT AND IN THE ABSTRACTING OF
METALS FROM THEIR OBES," to be as follows:-
I take any ore or ores in which is contained or supposed to be contained
metal, and put it in a vessel containing water; I then take wires of different
metals and immerse the ends in the vessel afore mentioned; the other ends
I lead and immerse respectively in vessels containing chloride of sodium and
water; this being done, galvanic action takes place; and the metals in the
ores are conveyed into the vessels containing chloride of sodium and water;
thus silver wire will convey silver, copper wire will convey copper, and so on.
The metals thus deposited may be afterwards reduced or used by any of the
methods at present known. I do not confine myself to the use of chloride
of sodium as most other salts will produce the galvanic action as above
described.
A METHOD OF CARRYING ROADS OVER (OR THROUGH) LAND COVERED WITH WATER
Year: 1858

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Gratian Jackson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
May 1858.
I, JOSEPH GRATIAN JACKSON, of Belper, in the County of Derby, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "A METHOD OF CARRYING ROADS
OVER (OR THROUGH) LAND COVERED WITH WATER," to be as follows:-
I construct, or having elsewhere constructed, I place upon the surface of
the water which covers the land to be crossed by a road, a water-tight tube,
open at the ends, and of a sufficient length and diameter. In section the tube
may be of a circular or any other convenient form. In some cases the tube
may be constructed of wood, but iron will usually be found the cheapest and
best material for the construction of it. By "a water-tight tube," I mean one
as nearly water-tight as it can be made.
The roadway will be laid down in the interior of the tube, which may be
enclosed in another similar tube or tubes for greater security. Pieces of glass
or other solid transparent substance may be let into holes or openings in the
tube or tubes, so as to admit light to the roadway in the daytime.
When completed, the tube or tubes are to be sunk in the water on to the
solid ground, which must be prepared by dredging or otherwise, so as to form
a solid and secure bed to receive the tubes. The tubes may be wholly or
partially imbedded in the ground, if desired. Hollows in the bed of the water-

page_text: course may be filled up, and the tube or tubes will generally rest upon the
solid ground; but they may be made to bridge over hollows, or may be sup-
ported by means of intermediate feet or supports. In some cases, however,
the tube or tubes will be suspended in the water from pontoons or by other
means, so as to rest either partially or not at all upon the ground.
The above method is applicable to the crossing of navigable and other rivers,
lakes, channels of the sea, and sheets of water generally. The road to be
constructed inside the tube may be a railway or tramway, or an ordinary
carriageway or footway.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Victor Touche at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd February
1858.
I, VICTOR TOUCHE, of 100, Great Titchfield Street, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER," to be as follows:-
In the ordinary beating machine I insert a grated or wire gauze passage,
through which the water passes therefrom, carrying with it dirt or other
useless matter proceeding from the raw material, leaving behind the fibre to
be reduced to pulp, which is effected in the said machine by the continuous
working of the cylinder. At the grated passage I also introduce a rotating
brush, so as to keep a clear way for the aforesaid water to flow out. The
fibre, when thus prepared, is bleached by the addition of the usual bleaching
materials (the grated passage being then closed), and when washed out and
reduced to proper length is then conveyed directly to the pulp vat to be con-
verted into paper by the usual means.
This part of my Invention is applicable to the manufacture of paper from
vegetable substances in general as distinguished from rags.
My Invention further consists in producing pulp from what is known as
"bass
"bast," or fibrous material possessing similar qualities, by the above
described continuous operation, without boiling, and also without the use of
alkalies or acids.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FURNACES
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gottlieb Boccius at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th November
1858.
I, GOTTLIEB BOCCIUS, of Totnes, in the County of Devon, Gentleman, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF FURNACES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to economize the burning of fuel in furnaces
of various kinds, by heating the air which is to be thrown into the fire-place.at:
or near the bridge to such a temperature during its passage to the bridge that
on entering the fire-place it will be converted into or act on the fire like an
atmosphere of oxygen gas, and thus effect a more efficient combustion of the.
fuel and heated gases than heretofore. To this end I provide the furnace -
with lateral flues running parallel with the fire-place, through which I conduct
air to the back thereof, and the ends of these flues I close with copper or other
suitable plates pierced with fine holes, which form the communication between
the air flues and the fire-place. Or, instead of closing these. flues with pierced.
plates, I flatten and taper their ends so as to cause the air. to enter the fire-
place from each flue in the form of a thin sheet. The gases of combustion
pass off by a central flue which is bent round to take the circuit of the fire-.
place, and is brought into close proximity with the lateral air flues. The air
will thus be heated both by the direct heat of the fire-place and also from the

page_text: winding smoke flue. The waste gases having thus been made available to
the heating of the air supplied to the furnace, pass off at a diminished tempe-
rature into the atmosphere through the furnace chimney. This Invention I
would remark applies equally to all classes of close furnaces.
AN IMPROVED RAILWAY GUIDE
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Knight at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
February 1858.
I, CHARLES KNIGHT, of St. John's Wood, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED RAILWAY
GUIDE," to be as follows:-
I print the time tables and other information for each division or main line of
railway and its branches upon a set of cards or sheets of paper or other material
of the same colour, and I employ a different colour for each division; the
traveller can thus select the cards relating to the main lines and branches on
which he wishes to travel, and the difference of colour shows him at once at
what points of his journey he has to change from one line or division to
another; the different colours of the cards also enable him to arrange them
with facility in their proper order, and while using them he is not encumbered
and embarrassed by the guides to all the other lines and branches on which he
is not travelling. Some of the advantages of the improved railway guide may
be obtained when the coloured sheets are bound up together, but the separate
cards or sheets form the most complete arrangement. The colour may cover
the whole or a portion only of one or both sides of each card or sheet, and the
backs and fronts of the sheets may be of the same or different colours. The
set of cards is rendered still more complete by a map, in which the several
lines and branches are coloured to correspond with their respective cards.
CONCENTRATING AND RETAINING THE VALUABLE PROPERTIES OF FARM YARD AND STABLE MANURE
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herman Schwietzer, Joseph Holder,
and John Broughton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 6th April 1858.
We, HERMAN SCHWIETZER, JOSEPH HOLDER, and JOHN BROUGHTON, of Scarp
Castle, Brighton, in the County of Sussex, Manufacturing Chemists, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "CONCENTRATING AND RETAINING
THE VALUABLE PROPERTIES OF FARM YARD AND STABLE MANURE," to be as
follows:-
A. Dilute strong sulphuric acid with fourteen times its bulk of pure water,
saturate with this powdered dolomite, heat in an earthen vessel and filter the
liquid off.
B. Digest powdered dolomite with commercial hydrochloric acid heated, and
strain off.
C. To a quart of solution A add one gallon of solution B, strain off the
precipitate and bring it to a specific gravity of 1.15.
D. To every gallon of the liquid C add half a pint imperial measure of a
solution of either hydroclorate, nitrate, or sulphate of ammonia (or any other
fo the like ammoniacal salts) having a specific gravity of 1·15 and one fluid
ounce of strong nitric acid.
We particularly claim and reserve for our benefit the use of the solutions of
salts of magnesia alone or in conjunction with ammoniacal salts, whether
made from dolomite, as herein-before described, or obtained from the bittern of
salines, or any other source, in application to manures.

page_text: If half a gallon of the liquid be mixed with four or six gallons of the stable
urine and distributed over one ton of farm. yard manure or stable dung it will
fix, considerably strengthen, and retain all their valuable fertilizing properties,
and it may then be exposed in: heaps or tanks for any length of time without
being impaired, and will only give off its nourishment to the crops by the
action of the earth and atmosphere.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CRANES
Year: 1858

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time.prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Squire Townend at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th July
1858.
I, SQUIRE TOWNEND, of Blossom Street, in the City of York, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CRANES,"
to be as follows:-
The improvements have for their object the application of a self-adjusting
counterweight, capable of adapting itself to and thereby balancing different
weights to be lifted. For this purpose the counterbalance weight employed
to counteract the weight being lifted, is applied to one end of a lever turning
upon a centre of motion, carried by the framing of the crane in the manner of
a pendulum, and in such manner that the counterweight exerted is increased
by departure from a perpendicular to a horizontal direction. The other end
of this counterbalance lever bears a pulley or guide wheel, over which the
lifting chain or cord from the windlass passes to the weight to be lifted; and
these parts are so arranged that in lifting a light weight the lever of the
counterbalance weight will remain nearly vertical, whilst with increase of
weight lifted, this lever will be drawn by the lifting chain into a more inclined,
or it may be to a horizontal position, according to the weight exerted at the
end of the chain in relation to the weight on the counterbalance lever. And
when horizontal the weighted lever will be exerting its utmost power as a

page_text: counterbalance. The axis of the counterbalance or pendulum lever is capable
of sliding in its bearings, and it has affixed upon its ends toothed racks, the
teeth of which take into teeth carried by the fixed framing, by which I obtain
increased effect, and an indicator indicates by the amount of motion to the
weighted lever an approximation to the weight lifted. Spring or other elastic
media is placed in position to receive any concussion produced by a quick
rebound of the counterbalance weight.
For the convenience of transit of portable cranes so constructed, I prefer to
form the counterbalance lever in two parts, the upper part from the axis is
capable of turning in one direction, in order thereby to reduce the height of it,
yet, so that when drawn back by the chain or band, acted upon by the weight
being lifted, it may act again upon the weighted end of the lever to lift it.
The jib is also capable of being lowered to reduce the height of the parts.
A NOSE- BAG FOR HORSES
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Auguste Arnal at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th May
1858.
I, AUGUSTE ARNAL, living at Rue du Faubourg, St. Honoré, No, 191, in
Paris, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "A NOSE-
BAG FOR HORSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in nose-bags for horses, and
consists in forming the bag in such manner that the corn is supplied to the
horse in small quantities, in place of the mass of corn being in contact with the
horse's mouth. For this purpose the corn is placed in bags on each side of
the horse's head, and the bottom of each of these bags is attached to a piece of
board to which the bottom of another bag is attached, which is open at the
top to admit the mouth of the horse. In the bottom of each of the bags
which contains the corn there is a small opening, through which the corn
passes into the centre bag to the horse's mouth until the corn covers the
opening, when more corn will be prevented from passing; and in the board
which forms the bottom of the centre bag there is a hole, which is covered
with a fine grating, to allow dust or dirt to fall through. The bags are
furnished with straps, in order to attach them to the horse's head, and the tops
of the bags are also furnished with strings, so that they may be tied over to
prevent the corn from being shaken out.