IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMP SOCKETS HAVING A DOUBLE AIR PRO CURRENT FOR BURNING PARAFFIN, PETROLEUM, AND OTHER MINERAL OILS
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Florent Grau, Lamp Manufacturer, of No. 82,
Boulevard Sébastopol, Paris, in the Empire of France, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMP SOCKETS HAVING A DOUBLE AIR
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Florent Grau at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th October 1869.
I, FLORENT GRAU, Lamp Manufacturer, of No. 82, Boulevard Sébas-
topol, Paris, in the Empire of France, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMP SOCKETS HAVING A DOUBLE AIR
CURRENT FOR BURNING PARAFFIN, PETROLEUM, AND OTHER MINERAL OILS," to be
as follows:-
The advantages of my system of lamp socket having a double and
independent air current are that the light is enhanced by burning more
brightly, is steadier, and of a whiter and is consequently of a more
pleasant hue to the eye than can be produced with the ordinary socket,
and by a complete combustion of the lighting fluid emits no disagreeable

page_text: odour, which is of frequent occurrence in the old method of construction,
the chimney being as cool after having used the lamp ten or more
hours as when first lighted, thus preventing any accidents which might
otherwise arise from overheating.
My principle is equally applicable to lamps with a flat or round wick.
In order that the light may burn steadily without flicker and fatiguing
the sight, a division is made inside the inner cylindrical tube by means
of a metal band perforated at equal distances, and round the lower part
of the outer cap are a number of holes for establishing the air current
necessary to combustion; the upper part of this case is also pierced to
admit the air, which isolates the light from the glass chimney, and thus
prevents its overheating, maintaining the flame in a good condition, and
improving the lighting power. The wick is regulated by means of a
screw and rack.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Florent Grau in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 4th April 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FLORENT
GRAU, Lamp Manufacturer, of No. 82, Boulevard Sébastopol, Paris, in
the Empire of France, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of October, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-
third 1 year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Florent Grau, Her special licence that I,
the said Florent Grau, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Florent Grau, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMP SOCKETS HAVING A DOUBLE AIR CURRENT
FOR BURNING PARAFFIN, PETROLEUM, AND OTHER MINERAL OILS," upon the con-
dition (amongst others) that I, the said Florent Grau, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one

page_text: of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Florent Grau, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement and accompanying Drawings, that is to say :-
The advantages of my system of lamp socket having a double and
independent air current are that the light is enhanced by burning
brighter, and is steadier, and of a whiter and consequently more pleasant
hue to the eye than can be produced with the ordinary socket, and by a
complete combustion of the lighting fluid emits no disagreeable odour,
which is of frequent occurrence in the old method of construction, the
chimney being as cool after using the lamp ten or more hours as when
first lighted, thus preventing any accidents which might otherwise arise
from overheating.
My principle is equally applicable to lamps with a flat or round wick.
In order that the light may burn steadily without flicker and fatiguing
the sight, a division is made inside the inner cylindrical tube by means
of a metal band perforated at equal distances, and round the lower part
of the outer cap are a number of holes for establishing the air current
necessary to combustion; the upper part of this case is also pierced to
admit the air, which isolates the light from the glass chimney, and thus
prevents its overheating, maintaining the flame in a good condition, and
improving the lighting power. The wick is regulated by means of a
screw and rack.
Fig. 1 of the accompanying Drawings represents a flat wicked burner,
and Fig. 2 shows a plan of the same; Figs. 3 and 4 illustrate a round
wicked burner. These burners have the appearance of moderator
sockets bearing the same chimnies, the globe rest and gallery being
identically the same, and may be ornamented or cut in any design.
In order that the light may burn steadily without flicker and fatiguing
the sight, a division is made inside the inner cylindrical tube A by
means of a metal band perforated at equal distances. The outer cap is
furnished with small holes c round the lower part for establishing the
current of air necessary to combustion; the upper part c³ is also pierced

page_text: to admit the air, which isolates the glass chimney from the light, and
thus prevents its heating, whilst at the same time maintaining the flame
in good condition and improving the lighting power. Fig. 4 shows the
wick prepared for lighting, the globe rest and gallery being marked in
dotted lines. Fig. 5 represents a cylindrical tube or cap fitting inside
that A, and is placed over the wick. Fig. 6 is the metal band dividing
the inner tube.
Having thus described my Invention, what I claim and desire to
secure by Letters Patent is, the improved lamp socket herein described
and illustrated as having a double air current for the purposes already 1
set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Florent Grau, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twelfth day of March, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.
E. HÉBRÉ,
82, Boulev*. Sébastopol.
FLORENT GRAU. (L.S.)