Improvements in Horseless Carriages.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Mar., 1896
Complete Specification Left, 28th Dec., 1896-Accepted, 6th Mar., 1897
Improvements in Horseless Carriages.
We, EDMUND GASCOINE, Junior, Engineer, of College Road, Maidstone, in
the County of Kent and CHARLES DANIEL COURTOIS, Engineer, of Chateau
D'Ardon, Laon, in the Republic of France, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to various improvements in horseless carriages of the
kind in which petroleum or similar motors are employed for driving them.
An important feature in our invention has reference to the means employed for
cooling the water with which the cylinder of the petroleum or other motor is
jacketed. For this purpose we provide below the carriage and advantageously at
the front portion thereof a condenser which may be in the form of a shallow box
provided with a number of horizontally arranged tubes open to the atmosphere at
both ends, the said open ends being directed towards the front and rear of the
carriage so that a current of air will readily flow through them when the carriage
is in motion. This condenser is in connection with a reservoir or reservoirs
supplying the water to the water-jacket and with a chamber or chest in which any
vapour that may be generated from the water collects. A suitable pump is
situated at some convenient part of the system for the purpose of causing a
circulation of the water through the water-jacket, the condenser, and the reservoir
or reservoirs.
Another feature in our invention relates to the driving gear and the means for
controlling the speed and changing the direction of movement of the carriage.
The driving and driven shafts are each provided with a coned speed pulley and a
drum, the said coned pulleys being connected by an ordinary open belt and the
drums by a crossed belt which normally runs loose. The position of the said open
belt on the coned pulleys is controlled by a fork which can be shifted by the driver
of the carriage. By shifting the belt from left to right or rice versa the speed of
the driven shaft can be accordingly increased or diminished as required. We
provide in conjunction with the aforesaid crossed belt, a roller carried by a pedal
which is within convenient reach of the driver. By actuating this pedal the said
roller acts on the crossed belt and by tightening it causes the driven shaft to be
revolved in the reverse direction and the carriage to be driven backward. The
revolution of the driven shaft is conveyed to the axle of the carriage preferably by
means of toothed gearing. In combination with the said gearing we employ a
safety device which can be brought into operation to prevent the road wheels of
the carriage from revolving in the event of the carriage tending to run backward
when on a steep incline.
Another of our improvements relates to the carburetter from which the motor-
cylinders takes its charges of oil and air. We provide the opening in the upper
part of the carburetter through which the air is drawn into the said carburetter,
with a tube which becomes warmed by its proximity to the neighbouring parts of
the motor and thereby raises the temperature of the air as the latter flows through
the said tube to the carburetter.
Another feature in our invention is that we utilize the cylinder of the motor as
an air compressor for assisting in stopping the carriage in the event of its getting
beyond the driver's control; the said cylinder thus acts as a brake. We also

page_text: provide a brake in connection with the fly-wheel of the motor, the said brake being
under the control of the driver and so arranged that it can be immediately applied
when required.
Another feature in our invention consists in interposing between the carriage
proper and the underframe to which the various parts of the notor-machinery are
connected, india-rubber or other springs which intercept the vibrations due to the
working of the motor and prevent such vibrations from being transmitted to
the carriage proper.
Instead of employing accumulators or secondary batteries for supplying the
electricity required for vapourising and igniting the charges admitted to the
motor-cylinder, we prefer to employ a dynamo-electric machine or some other
source of electricity that is not liable to fail in its supply.
Dated this 26th day of March 1896.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicants.
Improvements in Horseless Carriages.
We, EDMUND GASCOINE, Junior, Engineer, of College Road, Muidstone, in
the County of Kent and CHARLES DANIEL COURTOIS, Engineer, of Chateau
d'Ardon, Laon, in the Republic of France, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to improvements in horseless carriages of the kind in
which petroleum or similar motors are employed for driving them and has special
reference to the means employed for cooling the water with which the working
cylinder of the motor is jacketed.
According to our invention we provide below the carriage and advantageously
at the front portion thereof a shallow box or chamber communicating with the
jacket of the working cylinder and having a number of horizontally arranged
tubes passing longitudinally through it. These tubes are open to the atmosphere
at both ends, so that a current of air will readily flow through them when the
carriage is in motion and keep the surrounding water cool. A pump is preferably
employed for causing the water to circulate through the system.
In order that our said invention may be clearly understood and readily carried
into effect we will proceed to describe the same more fully with reference to the
accompanying drawings.
Figure 1 is a transverse section of the working cylinder of a petroleum or other
motor showing our water cooling apparatus applied thereto, and
Figure 2 is a plan thereof.
A is the working cylinder. B and B are reservoirs for containing the cooling
water. They are situated above the level of the working cylinder and commu-
nicate with each other at their upper parts by means of a horizontal pipe band at
their lower ends by means of a pipe 6 which passes underneath the working
cylinder. A is the jacket surrounding the working cylinder and communicating
at its lower part with the pipe b' by means of the pipe c and at the upper part with
a chamber situated above the level of the working cylinder. The chamber C
also communicates directly with the lower part of the pipe 6 by means of an
approximately vertical pipe c' leading from the lower part of the said chamber.
This arrangement is similar to that set forth in the Complete Specification of a
prior Patent granted to Emile Roger No. 16362 dated the 31st August 1895.

page_text: G is the shallow box or chamber, preferably situated below the carriage near
the front thereof. It is traversed by the horizontal tubes which are open to the
atmosphere at both ends, the said open ends being directed towards the front and
rear of the carriage so that a current of air will readily flow through them when
the carriage is in motion. The said box G communicates at one end with the
upper part of the chamber C by means of the pipe d and at the other end with
the reservoir B by means of the pipe d' leading from the lower part of the said
box. E is a pump operated by the motor and adapted to cause circulation of the
water through the system.
The reservoirs B and B having been filled with water and the motor and pump
set to work the operation of the above system is as follows. The water passea
from the reservoir B through the pipe b' and the pipe c into the jacket A. During
its passage through the jacket A¹ it is heated by the working cylinder and the
heated water together with any steam that may be generated pass together into
the chamber C, the water occupying the lower and the steam the upper portion
thereof. The water will descend through the tube c¹ into the pipe 6 and flow to
the reservoir B¹ whence it may pass again into the reservoir B through the pipe b.
The steam collected in the upper part of the chamber C is conducted through
the pipe d to the box G wherein it is cooled and condensed, the water of con-
densation passing, by means of the circulating pump, through the pipe d and being
discharged into the reservoir B, wheuce it descends through the pipe 61 and
circulates again through the system.
By the circulation of the water and steam in the above manner and the passage
of the air through the tubes g and over the outer surface of the box G'a rapid
exchange of caloric is ensured between the cooling water and the atmosphere.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is:-
1. In a horseless carriage, the combination with the water-jacket surrounding
the working cylinder of a box or chamber traversed by a number of longitudinally
disposed tubes through which the air freely passes when the carriage is travelling,
substantially as described and for the purpose specified.
2. In a horseless carriage the combination with the water jacket A' water
reservoirs B B₁ and chamber C of a circulating pump E and of a tubular box
or chamber G constructed and arranged substantially as described and for the
purpose specified.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicants..