IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH SPINNING SPINDLES AND THEIR BEARINGS
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alexander Melville Clark of the firm of A. M and
W. Clark of 53 Chancery Lane in the County of Middlesex Fellow of the
Institute of Patent Agents for an Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN AND
CONNECTED WITH SPINNING SPINDLES AND THEIR BEARINGS communicated to
him from abroad by Gilman Jaquith of Maysville in the County of Mason and
State of Kentucky United States of America
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alexander Melville Clark
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th June 1883.
ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK of the firm of A. M. and W. Clark of 53 Chancery
Lane in the County of Middlesex Fellow of the Institute of Patent Agents
"IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH SPINNING SPINDLES AND THEIR
BEARINGS [communicated to him from abroad by. Gilman Jaquith of Maysville
in the County of Mason and State of Kentucky United States of America]
This Invention has reference to spindles for ring spinning frames, and consists,
partly in certain novel constructions of the whirl by which the live spindle or
bobbin spindle proper is driven. These include a whirl, suitable for driving a
quill bobbin provided with an upper cup portion or extension constructed externally
to fit snugly up within the eye of the bobbin and further constructed at the base
of said upper cup portion with an external flange and having a yielding or elastic
washer placed on said flange to support the bobbin and to assist in driving it, the
entering upper cup portion of the whirl also aiding in driving as well as serving to
steady the bobbin. An annular groove is formed around the base of the upper
cup and immediately above the bobbin supporting flange of the whirl, to receive
within it the inner marginal portion of the friction or driving washer whereby
said washer or interposed packing is prevented from coming or being drawn off
with the bobbin when doffin. The said upper cup which serves as an oil receptacle
is connected by one or more ducts or perforations passing through the body portion
of the whirl with an inverted cup formed on the lower head of the whirl for a
purpose hereafter explained.

page_text: The Invention also consists in making the body portion of the whirl between its
upper and lower flanges or heads, with a broad slightly convex face like a pulley
or with a slightly concave face (according to the kind of band used) instead of
making it V grooved as usual, whereby a flat band may be used for operating said
spindle, an increased speed obtained for the spindle, and other advantages secured.
It also consists in a novel construction of the bushing which fits within the bolster
and receives the bobbin spindle through it, whereby a better centering action is
obtained for the bushing. This bushing is or may be made in one piece and has a
conical head which fits within a correspondingly coned socket in the upper part of
the bolster, whereby said bushing readily centres itself and is relieved from all
shake consequent upon looseness of fit as, for instance, when the bushing screws
into the top of the bolster. It may be taken out when required by suitably
turning the usual wire buckle which passes over the end of the whirl. Said
bushing is made with a reduced body or waist and has perforations therethrough
for supplying oil from the bolster to the spindle and is furthermore constructed
with a lower steadying collar fitting the interior of the bolster. A passage is
formed in the coned socket of the bolster for establishing circulation of the oil as
required. The Invention likewise consists in a cup like construction of the bolster
at its upper end and an inverted cup-like construction of the lower head of the
whirl before referred to arranged to enter freely within the cup or top of the
bolster, whereby dust and lint are more effectually excluded from entering the
bolster. The Invention also includes, among other features an elastic cushion
support for the lower end of the bobbin spindle and a special construction of the
same, whereby an easier riding or running action is obtained for the spindle.
Fitted within the bottom of the bolster is a short tube preferably made of
slightly larger dimensions internally at its top than at its lower end. In this tube
is inserted a metal spiral or other spring or any other yielding substance which
will act as a spring, or serve as an elastic support to the spindle. Inside of said
spring, when the same is a spiral one is inserted a steel or other guide pin having
a head sufficiently large to cover the top of the spring. The head is slightly dished
out at its centre on top to receive within it the lower pointed end of the spindle
which is thus centred and supported upon an elastic cushion, the pin not reaching
to the bottom of the bolster. The spring is made sufficiently stout to carry, without
yielding, the simple weight of the live spindle with its attachments and bobbin
while in a state of rest but, when said spindle is in rapid motion, the spring
slightly yields and enables the spindle to ride free from that dead jar which is
incidental to all spindles that run on hard and unyielding surfaces. By thus
providing for the easy running of the spindle, which is free to move up and down;
breakage of the threads being worked will be prevented, the spindle may be run
at a higher speed and its life will be materially prolonged.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Alexander Melville Clark in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
6th December 1883.
ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of the firm of A. M. and W. Clark of 53 Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Fellow of the Institute of Patent Agents.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH SPINNING SPINDLES AND THEIR
BEARINGS A communication to me from abroad by Gilman Jaquith of Maysville,
in the County of Mason and State of Kentucky, United States of America.
35
This Invention has reference to spindles for ring spinning frames, and consists
partly, in certain novel constructions of the whirl by which the live spindle or
bobbin spindle proper is driven. These include a whirl suitable for driving a quill
bobbin, provided with an upper cup portion constructed externally to receive
closely over it, the lower portion of the eye of the bobbin and further constructed
at the base of said cup portion with an external flange on which a yielding or
elastic washer is placed to support the bobbin and to assist in driving it, the
entering upper cup portion of the whirl also aiding in driving as well as serving
to steady the bobbin. Such whirl is furthermore constructed with an inverted cup
below the said flange in communication with the upper cup by one or more oil
passages, and is formed with an annular groove at the base of the upper cup and
immediately above the bobbin supporting flange of the whirl, to receive within it
the inner marginal portion of the friction or driving washer of the bobbin, whereby
said washer or interposed packing is prevented from coming or being drawn off
with the bobbin when doffing.
The Invention also consists in a novel construction of the whirl for driving a
bobbin spindle whereby a flat band may be used for operating said spindle, an
increased speed obtained for the spindle, and other advantages secured. It also
consists in a novel construction of the bushing which fits within the bolster and
receives the bobbin spindle through it, whereby a better centreing action is obtained
for the bushing.
The Invention likewise consists in a cup-like construction of the bolster at its
upper end and an inverted cup-like construction of the lower head of the whirl
arranged to enter within the cup or top of the bolster, whereby dust and lint are
more effectually excluded from entering the bolster.
The Invention also includes among other features an elastic cushion support
for the lower end of the bobbin spindle, and a special construction of the same
whereby an easier riding or running action is obtained for the spindle.
The Invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings forming part of this
specification, in which similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in
all the figures.
Figure 1 represents an elevation of the rail bolster of a ring spinning spindle
whirl, and upper and lower rails in part, embodying the Invention. Figure 2 is a
vertical section, omitting the rails, with the spindle in elevation. Figures 3,4
and 5 are transverse sections, on the lines x, x, y, y, and z, z, respectively in
figure 2. Figure 6 is an elevation of a modified construction of the whirl.
A, in the drawing, indicates a tube or bolster arranged to extend through the
rails S, S of the spinning frame and with its top, which projects above the upper
rail, enlarged to form a cup b. B is the live or bobbin spindle proper and C is the
whirl by which the bobbin is driven. D is a bushing arranged to enter down
within the bolster A and serving to support the spindle in its upright position

page_text: This bushing is or may be made in one piece and has an enlarged conical head c
which fits closely within a correspondingly coned socket d of the upper part of the
bolster whereby said bushing readily centres itself and is relieved from all shake
consequent upon looseness of fit as for instance, when the bushing screws into the
top of the bolster. It may be taken out when required by suitably turning the
usual wire buckle which passes over the end of the whirl. Said bushing is made
with a reduced body or waist and has perforations e therethrough for supplying
oil from the bolster to the spindle B, and is furthermore constructed with a lower
steadying collar f. A passage g is also formed in the bolster A on one side of the
head of the bushing for establishing circulation of the oil as required.
The whirl C by which the spindle B is driven, instead of being made V shaped
or grooved where the band runs, as is ordinarily the case for driving by a round
cotton or other band, is constructed, between an upper cup h, with which said
whirl is provided and lower inverted cup i or what corresponds with the space
between the upper and lower flanges of the whirl, with a broad or extended pulley
shaped portion of either a slow convex configuration as shown in Figures 1 and 2,
or slow concave form as shown in figure 6. By this construction, a flat tape-like
band may be used for driving the whirl. This band may either be a braided
woven tape or a flat thin lace leather one which may vary from one eighth of an
inch to half an inch in width, more or less. The concave form shown in Figure 6,
will be found best suited for driving by a leather band, and the convex shape,
shown in Figures 1 and 2, for driving by a tape or ribbon band. By thus using
a thin narrow leather band, a largely increased and more uniform driving friction
and much more adhesion than is practicable from a round cotton band running in
a V grooved whirl, is obtained, and the spindle may be run at a much higher
speed. There is also a great saving of power, inasmuch as, with the ordinary V or
U grooved whirl, the band that usually is taken from a horizontal cylinder or
drum, has a half twist in its way to the whirl of the upright spindle. This
produces friction by the band coming in contact with the sides or flanges of the
V grooved whirl and causes a binding action of the band on the sides or flanges of
the whirl. Such side friction is avoided by the construction here shown and
described for the whirl, and which permits of a flat leather or other suitable flat
band being used in place of a round cotton band. Applied to a spindle for
spinning yarn, the flat band will be found greatly superior to the round one.
The upper cup h of the whirl, which serves as an oil receptacle, is connected by
one or more ducts or perforations / passing through the pulley-like portion / of the
whirl with the inverted lower cup i. The upper oil cup portion h of the whirl is
extended upwards and constructed externally to receive snugly over or on the
outside of it the lower portion of the bobbin, and the whirl is further constructed
at the base of the cup h with an outer collar or flange m on which a yielding or
elastic washer n of leather or other suitable material is placed to support the
bobbin, which rests thereon, and to assist in driving the bobbin by friction thus
applied to its lower end as the whirl and spindle B are rotated. To prevent the
yielding washer n from coming off the whirl when doffing the bobbin, which
would cause much trouble and annoyance, the upper portion of the whirl,
immediately above the flange m is made with a groove o, within which the inner
edges of said washer are sprung to hold it in place, but not preventing its removal
when necessary to replace it by another washer. The bobbin however does not wholly
depend upon friction applied to its end to drive it, as such, while sufficient in case
of a spool bobbin, might not and in some cases would not be found sufficient for a
quill one, which having no heads, prevents a reduced end area, consequently the
upper cup by its snug fit up within the eye of the bobbin, is also made, by its
friction against the sides of the eye, to assist the washer n in driving the bobbin as
well as to aid in steadying it.
h
The inverted cup of the whirl enters freely within the cup b of the bolster.
This is much more advantageous than arranging the top of the bolster to enter
within the whirl, inasmuch as, by the arrangement shown in the drawing lint and

page_text: dust are much more effectually prevented from working their way into the tube or
bolster, for the reason that fibres of cotton coming up and catching on the bolster
near its top, and coming in contact with the whirl in rapid motion, are carried on
and thrown off by the whirl and so prevented from dropping down into the tube,
whereas, were the lower portion of the whirl to be arranged outside of the top of
the bolster, the lint and dust coming up the bolster would naturally work their
way or be sucked into it.
Fitted within the bottom of the bolster A, is a short tube E, preferably made of
slightly larger dimensions internally at its top than at its lower end. In this tube
is inserted a metal spiral or other spring F or any other yielding substance which
will act as a spring, or serve as an elastic support to the spindle B. Inside of said
spring, when the same is a spiral one as here shown, is inserted a steel or other
guide pin G, having a head sufficiently large to cover the top of the spring. The
head is slightly dished out at its centre on top to receive within it the lower
pointed end 8 of the spindle B which is thus centred and supported upon an elastic
cushion the pin G not reaching to the bottom of the bolster. The spring F is made
sufficiently stout to carry without yielding, the simple weight of the live spindle B
with its attachments and bobbin while in a state of rest but when said spindle is
in rapid motion, the spring slightly yields and enables the spindle to ride free from
that dead jar which is incidental to all spindles that run on hard and unyielding
surfaces. By thus providing for the easy running of the spindle which is free to
move up and down, breakage of the threads being worked will be prevented, the
spindle may be run at a higher speed and its life will be materially prolonged.
Having described the nature of the said Invention and the manner of performing
the same I declare that what I claim as the Invention to be protected by the
herein before in part recited Letters Patent is :
1. The spindle whirl C provided with an upper cup portion or extension h
constructed externally to fit snugly up within the eye of the bobbin an external
flange or collar m at the base of said upper portion and an annular groove o
in said upper portion h immediately above said flange or collar, substantially as
specified.
2nd The whirl C provided with a lower inverted cup i the flange or collar m, the
upper cup h projecting above the flange or collar m and the annular groove o at the
base of the said upper cup, substantially as herein shown and described.
3rd The combination with the spindle B of the whirl C provided with a bobbin
supporting flange m and the upper cup portion h for extension up into the eye of
the bobbin, and the packing or yielding washer n upon the upper surface of the
flange m, substantially as herein shown and described.
4th The combination with the bobbin spindle B of the whirl C constructed with
a broad bearing surface or portion k between its heads or flanges adapted to receive
on or around it a flat band for driving said whirl and spindle substantially as
specified.
5th The whirl C constructed with upper and lower reverse cups h i, connected
by one or more oil passages and having an interposed convex or concave body
portion adapted to receive on or round it a driving band of flat or ribbon-like
construction, essentially as shown and described.
6th The bushing D constructed with a conical or tapering head c on its upper
end, enlarged lower portion f and a reduced perforated waist or body, substantially
as described.
7th The combination of the bushing D having a conical or tapering head c the
bolster A constructed with an internal tapering upper portion d, and the bobbin
spindle B substantially as specified
8th The combination with the bolster A having an upper cup portion b and the
spindle whirl C, constructed with a lower inverted cup i arranged to enter down
within the cup portion 6 of the bolster, essentially as and for the purpose herein
set forth.
9th The combination with the bolster and bobbin spindle, of an elastic cushion

page_text: arranged within the bolster and serving to support said spindle at its lower end,
essentially as described.
10th The elastic cushion arranged within the bolster for centreing and supporting
the bobbin spindle constructed of a tube E, a contained spiral spring F, and a
centreing supporting pin G for the spindle arranged to enter down within the 5
spring and constructed to rest upon or overlap it, substantially as specified.
In witness whereof I the said Alexander Melville Clark, have hereunto set my
hand and seal this sixth day of December A. D. 1883.
2 6 5
A MLADI