Improvements in Rotary Cutting Tools.
Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 7th Apr., 1886.
Complete Left, 6th Jan., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 15th Feb., 1887.
DESERV
[Communicated from abroad by TRUMAN DOUD COOK, of Topeka, County of Shawnee,
and State of Kansas, in the United States of America, Machinist.]
Improvements in Rotary Cutting Tools.
1, REGINALD HADDAN of the firm of Herbert and Co. Patent Agents of 67 Strand
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
This invention consists in the formation of cutting edges on Rotary Cutting tools
parallel to each other and to the axis of the tool, and also in the adjustment on their
axis of the several sections of those tools which are driven on a spindle so that the succes-
sive blows given by respective cutting edges shall be almost without interval.
Tools such as the auger, routing bit, countersink, slotter, or shaper are so made
according to this invention that their cross section perpendicular to the axis will be
represented by the diagram formed according to the following construction ;-
From the center of the circle the diameter of which is equal to that of the tool, are
drawn as many equidistant radii as there are to be cutting edges, from the centre of
each of these radii is erected a perpendicular prolonged to cut the circumference of the
circle. To the center of each perpendicular at about a quarter of an inch therefrom
on the side nearest the center of the circle is placed a point, from which passes an arc
of a circle which also touches the outer circle where the latter is met by the next
perpendicular. These ares form the outer surfaces, and the respective perpendiculars
whose points they touch form the inner surfaces, which meeting the outer surfaces at
the extremity of the perpendicular form therewith the cutting edges of the tool.
For a door style cutter, door and sash coper sash cutter, grooving cutter or moulding
cutter all of which are made in convenient separate sections, of convenient diameter
which will generally be about five inches and of the desired thicknesses. Then I first
draw in the circle of the face of one of the sections as many equidistant radii as I am
to have radial wings to the tool, and then I erect a perpendicular to each radius at its
center, extending it to the circumference. Then as the diameter of these tools is such
D
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page_text: as to require channels of less depth between their radial wings, than the tools herein-
before described, from a point, set off about three eights of an inch from each
perpendicular, at a distance from its contact with the circumference of about one half of
the radius, I draw a parallel to each perpendicular as far as a point at a distance from the
circumference of about one eighth of the radius. Then with any desired radius I describe
an arc from the last mentioned point to the end of the next perpendicular after which,
with a radius of about a quarter of an inch I describe an arc cutting the above
mentioned parallel and are so as to round off the point where the said parallel meets
the arc.
Then after boring all the sections belonging to the tool so as to fit the driving
spindle and after dressing the several circumferential surfaces of the sections to any
form of line they are desired to cut, I place them all in contact upon an arbor, and
securing them in place, I cut them all to the shape of the above mentioned diagram.
When the several sections completing either a doorstyle cutter, door and sash coper
sash cutter, tonguing and grooving cutter or moulding cutter are constructed as now
described, and placed upon their driving spindle I adjust them so that the cutting
edges of the several sections are out of rank, and so distributed around the spindle
that the blows delivered by them successively when at work, are, practically, almost
without interval.
By this means the jarring of the machine in which these tools are operated is quite
or nearly done away.
REGINALD HADDAN.
Pp. Herbert & Co.,
67, Strand, W.C.,
Agents.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Rotary Cutting Tools.
I, REGINALD HADDAN, of the firm of Herbert & Company, of 67, Strand, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention,
a communication to me from abroad by Truman Doud Cook, of Topeka, county of
Shawnee, and State of Kansas, in the United States of America, Machinist, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
The object of this invention is to present an improvement in the construction of
wood-working tools, driven about their axis by power, which will at once involve
greater simplicity of construction, neatness of operation and execution, facility of
keeping in order and durability for use.
Figure 1 represents a side and end view of the improved boring and routing bit, Figure 2
represents a side and end view of the improved countersink with its follower in line but a
little removed from its socket, Figure 3 represents a side view of the improved boring
bit and countersink in combination, Figure 4 represents a side and end view of the
improved slotter or gain cutter, Figure 5 represents a side and end view of the
improved shaper, Figure 6 represents a side view of the improved cutter head with
the sections of which it is composed placed in order upon the driving spindle but not
in contact with each other, Figure 7 represents an end view of Figure 6, Figure 8
represents an anti-friction recess, sunk in such faces of the peripheral wings of the
sections of Figure 7 as are exposed to wear against the wood upon which the cutter
head is at work, Figure 9 represents the construction diagram which is laid out upon
the end of the cylinder from which the tool is to be formed when the diameter of
the tool is to be less than about three inches and Figure 10 represents the diagram
required when the diameter of the tool is to be greater than about three inches.
I construct these tools of cylinders of steel of the desired length and diameter or of
discs of the desired thickness and diameter.
When the diameter of the tool is to be less than about three inches, as is generally
the fact, in case of the boring and routing bit, countersink and shaper, I take a
cylinder of steel of the diameter and length required for the tool and having formed
upon one end a plane surface perpendicular to the axis of the cylinder 1 lay out upon
this plane surface the diagram shown in Figure 9, as follows:
Having determined the number of lateral co-acting cutting edges for the tool to he
constructed, I draw in the plane surface as many equidistant radii 1, 1, and then from
the centre of each radius I erect a perpendicular 2e, extending it to the circumference.
Then from the point 3 opposite, and about a quarter of an inch distant from the point 4,
in each perpendicular, at a remove from its contact, c, with the circumference of about
one half of the radius I describe the ares Be employing the radius of the diagram itself
and then describe the semi-circles 3, 4.
The construction diagram being thus completed with a milling tool, fitted for the
purpose; I next plough out from end to end of the cylinder or as far as desired all of

page_text: The
the material lying outside of the reverse curved lines 4, 3c, as far as to the perpen-
diculars 2c and to within about an eighth of an inch of the opposite point e.
eighth of an inch thus left is removed with the file.
I have now constructed in the cylinder two or more lateral radial wings,
identical in form with the intervening channels v, Figures 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. The
peripheral edges of these several lateral wings now form co-acting lateral cutting
edges.
These lateral cutting edges are sharpened by pressing these plane surfaces of the
lateral wings 4c, Figure 9 against the emery wheel.
The convex surfaces 3c are
never disturbed after the tool is completed. These co-acting lateral cutting edges
are therefore easily maintained in perfect order until by successively grinding the
plane surface 4c, the wings themselves are worn away.
In case of the shaper Figure 5, the tool is complete when these co-acting lateral
cutting edges are formed as now described. The centre hole for receiving the
driving spindle should be formed before the milling tool is put to the cylinder.
In case of the boring and routing bit the end cutting edges are formed on the
ends of the lateral wings by chamfering the convex surface with the file and extending
the chamfer in a direct line from the bed e¹ of the channel r, to the axis of the cylinder
Figure 1.
In case of the countersink Figures 2 and 3, the socket for receving the follower
on the boring bit should be formed and its thread cut before the end cutting edges
are formed.
In case of the slotter or gain cutter, Figure 6, the ending cutting edges need only to
be extended to the bed c', of the channels. They should retreat slightly, too, as they
tend toward the bed and the surface lying within their inner termini should be made
somewhat dishing.
When the diameter of the tool to be manufactured is more than about three inches,
the tool is still constructed upon the same principle but the constructing diagram
is modified so as to secure to the lateral radial wings the maximum of strength as
in case of the construction of cutter heads.
Having prepared the disc of the proper diameter and thickness so that its faces are
planes perpendicular to its axis I lay out upon either face the constructing diagram
as shown in Fig. 10.
On determining the number of co-acting cutting edges for the tool I draw, as in the
preceding process, in either of the plane faces, as many equi-distant radii 1', 1', and
then from the centre of each radius 1 erect a perpendicular 21 c', extending it to
the circumference. Then starting from the point 3, set off about 3 of an inch
from each perpendicular, opposite the point 4 in the perpendicular, at a remove
from its contact with the circumference equal to about of the radius I describe
the ares 3e, employing the radius of the disc itself.
Then from the point 3' I draw a parallel to each perpendicular 21 c¹, to a
point 5 about opposite the centre point 6 of the perpendicular and, then again,
with a radius of about 4 of an inch I describe the aresy, cutting the parallels 3, 5,
and the arcs 3¹¹, at equal distances from their point of contact 3-I then describe the
semi-circles 5, 6.
The construction diagram being thus completed, with a milling tool fitted for the
purpose I next plough out from face to face all of the material lying outside of the
broken lines 6, 5, y c¹, as far as to the perpendiculars 2 c and to within about an
eighth of an inch of the opposite point c'. The eighth of an inch thus left is removed
with the file.
I have now constructed in the dise the predetermined number of radial wings, w,
identical in form with intervening channels », Figures 6 and 7. When this diagram
is employed the number of radial wings constructed in the disc should not be less
than four.
The peripheral edges of these radial wings, extending from face to face, across
the thickness of the disc, now form co-acting lateral cutting edges, c, Figures 6 and 7,
which are sharpened just as are the tools whose construction is herein-before described.

page_text: The hole in the disc for receiving the driving arbor is made before the milling tool
is put to the disc.
The peripheral edges of these radial wings may be dressed to cut any form of line
desired, either for mouldings, window sash, door styles, door copings, tonguing and
grooving or for reed work.
The cutter head may be made of two or more sections as shown in Figures 6 and 7
with the peripheral edges of each dressed to a different form, so, as by changing the
succession of the sections upon the arbor to derive different forms of moulding from
the same cutter head.
Again the several sections may be so arranged upon the arbor that their several
peripheral cutting edges shall be out of rank and so distributed about the axis as to do
away with the jarring of the supporting table.
al
When as in the tonguing and grooving cutter head the face of the radial wings of
some one or more of the sections is exposed to rub against the wood which is being
cut, this exposure may be relieved by sinking in such face, with the milling tool,
slight anti-friction recess 2 about of an inch below the peripheral edge of the wing.
Finally the convex surface of the radial wings being described by the same radius as
the disc itself provides that the moulding cut by this tool when the wings are nearly
worn away by grinding is identical with that cut when the tool was new.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :-
1. In a rotary cutter head, itself and its knives being constructed complete in a
single piece or of a similar succession of single pieces, the equi-distant co-acting radial
wings with their peripheral co-acting cutting edges, the radial wings being constructed
with their inner plane surfaces perpendicular to the radius of the cutter head and
their outer, convex surfaces being all ares described by a radius of the same circle, all
being constructed substantially as and for the purpose herein before described.
2. In a boring and routing bit constructed with equi-distant co-acting radial wings,
the radial wings with their co-acting lateral cutting edges and co-acting radial cutting
edges at the working end of the bit, meeting at the axis or extending only to or
near to the basis of the radial wings, all being constructed substantially as and for the
purpose hereinbefore described.
REGINALD HADDAN.
Pp. Herbert & Co.,
67, Strand,
Agents to the Applicant.