Improvements in or relating to Pneumatic Tyres for Wheels.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Nov., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 21st Sept., 1894-Accepted, 24th Dec., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Pneumatic Tyres for Wheels.
I, CHARLES KINGSTON WELCH, The Hollies, Eaton Road, Coventry, in the
County of Warwick, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to
be as follows:-
This invention relates to pneumatic tyres for wheels, of velocipedes and other
vehicles and has for its object to provide an improved fabric for use in pneumatic
tyres and also apparatus for producing said fabric.
The said improved fabric has the peculiar feature that the weft threads are bent
instead of being straight as is the case in ordinary woven fabric. The said threads
may make any suitable angle with the longitudinal or warp threads, but, preferably
each weft thread has the greatest displacement at the centre from the straight line
joining its ends.
I use the said fabric double or with more folds than two, the several layers being
suitably solutioned or otherwise secured together. I moreover so arrange, that the
several threads of the weft of each layer shall cross those of the weft in the
adjacent layer or layers. The fabric when in position or on the wheel has its warp
threads circumferential, and the middle of the weft threads at the tread portion of
the tyre. By this construction any tendency there may be to push one set
of weft threads straight or into a radial position on contact with the ground
is overcome owing to the position of the set of weft threads in the adjacent
layer of the fabric and the abrading action due to the sliding of the weft threads
over the warp threads is considerably reduced if not altogether avoided. The
warp and weft threads may be of equal strength.or one may be thinner than the
other if desired. I may make the warp threads in some parts of the fabrics
stronger than in other parts of the same.
My improved fabric may be very advantageously used as a jacket to be placed
between the air-tube and the tread portion of the tyre and held in place by wires
or cores contained in or formed by the edges of the same in a well-known manner,
or it may be used to form a tubular envelope for the air-tube, or as an insertion in
what are commonly known as single tube tyres.
Where an arched cover is to be constructed one piece of single fabric may be
used the edges of the same being turned over upon the said fabric and solutioned
or otherwise attached thereto. This makes a double fabric in which the weft
threads of one layer are always at an angle with the weft threads of the other
layer producing the result hereinbefore described.
J may make my improved fabric in various ways. For instance I may employ a
piece of fabric woven in the ordinary way with warp and weft threads at right
angles to one another, and by manipulating and stretching said fabric cause the
weft threads or the warp threads to assume an angular form. 1 may then fold such
fabric as above described or secure together two pieces of the same so as to form a
double fabric.
Dated this 24th day of November 1893

page_text: Improvements in or relating to Pneumatic Tyres for Wheels.
I, CHARLES KINGSTON WELCH, The Hollies, Eaton Road, Coventry, in the
County of Warwick, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained, in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to pneumatic tyres for wheels of velocipedes and other
vehicles and has for its object to provide an improved cover for such tyres.
The said improved cover consists of an outer coating of india rubber forming
the tread surface of the tyre, and an inexpansible lining made of two or more
layers of textile fabric, the peculiar feature of which is that the transverse
threads, i.e. the threads that lie across the tyre, are bent or curved instead of being
straight as in ordinary fabrics. The said transverse threads may have any suitable
curvature. If there are only two layers or sheets of fabric they are so placed with
regard to one another that the transverse threads of one layer are bent or curved
in the opposite direction from, and cross, those of the other layer. Where there
are more than two layers the transverse threads of one or more of the layers cross
those of the other layer or layers.
The aforesaid inexpansible lining forms a restraining jacket for the air-tube
where such is used.
If all of the threads which extend in the same direction are considered to belong
to the same series whether they are in the same layer or not, then the jacket or
inexpansible lining of the cover may be said to consist of three series of threads viz.
one series of longitudinal threads and two series of curved or bent transverse
threads. My improved cover is very rigid in a direction approximately tangential
to the rim.
In the accompanying drawing
Figure 1 is a plan of a piece of fabric having straight longitudinal threads and
bent transverse threads.
Figure 2 is a similar view of two superposed pieces of such fabric shewing three
series of threads.
Figure 3 is a view of a portion of a jacket or inexpansible lining constructed
from one piece of fabric according to my invention.
Figure 4 is a transverse section of the jacket shewn in Figure 3.
Like letters denote similar parts throughout the drawing.
a, a are the longitudinal or warp threads, b, b are the transverse or weft threads.
The transverse threads b, b are bent or curved as shewn in Figure 1, so that the
middle portions 61, 6 of said threads are considerably displaced from the position
that would be occupied by a straight line joining the ends of the threads. Their
displacement may be accomplished by stretching or manipulating the fabric after
its removal from the loom or by other suitable means.
When the fabric is to be used for the jacket or inexpansible lining of the cover
of a tyre I use two, three, or more folds the several folds or layers being suitably
solutioned or stitched or otherwise secured together. I moreover so arrange that
the threads of the weft of one layer shall be bent or curved in the opposite
direction from those of the other layer, or of other layers when there are more
than two. Said construction is clearly shown by Figure 2 from which it is readily
seen that the weft threads of the two layers cross each other in two places.
jacket or inexpansible lining is so applied to the tyre that the warp threads are
circumferential and the middle portions 6', 6' of the weft threads are at the
tread. In such a tyre any tendency to push one set of weft threads straight or into
a radial position on contact with the ground is counteracted by the weft threads
The
•

page_text: in the other layer of the lining which are at an angle with the weft threads in
the first layer, and the tyre is thus very rigid in a direction approximately
tangential to the rim.
When an arched cover is to be constructed I may use one piece of single fabric such
as that shewn in Figure 1 the edges of the same being turned over as shewn in
Figures 3 and 4. It will be observed that the result is very similar to that
attained when two superposed pieces of fabric are used as described with reference
to Figure 2. This is very clearly seen from a comparison of Figures 2 and 3.
The thick line c in Figure 3 shews the edge of the canvas.
When I wish to use my improved fabric for the lining of a cover which is to be
secured to the rim by means of endless inextensible cores in a well known manner,
I may secure said cores to the lining by any suitable means. For example in
Figures 3 and 4 the cores d, d are shewn contained in the folded edges of the
lining.
Instead of using a woven strip in which the warp forms the longitudinal threads
and the weft the transverse threads I sometimes use an endless woven band cut
from a woven tube of a diameter approximately equal to that of the wheel to
which the tyre is to be applied, in which case the transverse threads are formed by
the warp. The transverse threads are bent approximately to the shape shewu in
Figure by stretching or otherwise manipulating the fabric as hereinbefore
described.
My improved fabric may be used to form a tubular jacket for the air-tube of.a
pneumatic tyre by joining the edges of the band in any suitable manner, or it may
be used as an insertion in what are commonly known as single tube tyres. The
warp and weft threads may be of equal strength or the threads in some parts of
the fabric may be thinner than those in other parts of the same if desired.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
:-
✓
1. For a pneumatic tyre, a cover provided with a jacket or lining having a
series of longitudinal threads occupying the whole width of the jacket or lining,
and two or more series of curved or bent transverse threads, substantially as, and
for the purpose specified.
2. In a pneumatic tyre, a cover provided with a jacket or lining and inextensible
cores contained in or incorporated with the edges of the jacket for holding the tyre
to the rim substantially as described and shewn in Figures 3 and 4.
3. A pneumatic tyre provided with an improved cover constructed substantially
as hereinbefore described.
4. A pneumatic tyre constructed with an insertion which consists of a series of
longitudinal threads surrounding the tyre and two series of bent or curved
transverse threads, substantially as described.
Doted this plot dow of Santambar 1801
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.