matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS USED IN PREPARING AND SPINNING FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Yates at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th October
.1857.
I, JAMES YATES, of Little Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, Overlooker,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS USED IN PREPARING AND SPINNING FIBROUS MATERIALS,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to improvements in top rollers used in roving, slub-
bing, spinning, and other frames, and consists of making one of the bosses
loose and the other fast on the spindle, so that if one of them should be made
a little larger than the other in the process of covering, each of them will
regulate or adjust its own speed.
I make the spindle of the ordinary shape and construction, but on that end
which has the loose boss I cut a thread, on which I screw a nut to fill up the
end of the boss and keep it on the spindle, as well as to prevent the lubri-
cating matter running out or off it on the work, and also the flyings from
fastening the loose boss.
I supply the oil or lubricating matter at the neck between the rollers in the
usual manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HAY-MAKING MACHINERY
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Smith, of the firm of Smith and Ashby, of
Stamford, in the County of Lincoln, Agricultural Implement Makers,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN HAY-MAKING MACHINERY."
Sealed the 17th April 1857, and dated the 5th February 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Smith at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th February
* 1857.
I, HENRY SMITH, of the firm of Smith and Ashby, of Stamford, in the County
of Lincoln, Agricultural Implement Makers, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HAY-MAKING MACHINERY," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved mode of obtaining the reverse action
in hay-making machines, the object being to prevent the necessity of sliding
any of the gearing wheels on their respective shafts, and thus to remove the
tendency of the gearing wheels (which they possess when mounted so as to
slide) working out of gear and giving the machinery a lateral strain.
tine barrel axle I mount loosely a spur pinion, which is always in
the driving wheel on the axle or boss of one of the running wheels.
On the
gear with
To this

page_text: loose 'pinion I attach clutch teeth, and on the same axle I fit a hollow axle,
which is connected to the tine barrel; mounted loosely on the hollow axle is a
second spur pinion provided with clutch teeth, and on the hollow axle is a
feather on which slides a clutch box for locking into the clutch teeth of one or
other of the two loose pinions. "A double pinion, the arbor of which turns in
bearings provided for it on the frame of the machine, gears into the driving
wheel and into the loose pinion on the hollow axle. The driving motion may
thus be conveyed through either of the loose pinions to the tine barrel by
merely sliding the clutch box to the right or left; or when in an intermediate
position the tines may remain stationary.
"
The like effect may be produced with the use of bevil gearing; a clutch box
throwing into and out of action one or other of a pair of bevil pinions gearing
into the upper face of a double crown wheel; which is itself driven by a bevil
wheel on the axle or boss of one of the running wheels of the machine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PROPELLING SHIPS OR VESSELS
Year: 1857

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Haythorne Reed at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
April 1857.
I, JOSEPH HAYTHORNE REED, of Charles Street, Berkeley Square, in the
County of Middlesex, a Major in Her Majesty's Army, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PROPELLING SHIPS OR VESSELS,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of paddlo
wheels suitable either for sea or inland navigation, whereby the back lift or
water, so objectionable with ordinary paddle wheels, is obviated, whilst the
water is directed either to the ship's sides, so as to close in or meet in the
wake of the ship, or it may be directed outwards from her sides if found
desirable; the former action being preferred for canal or inland navigation,
whereby the banks are less injured by the swell or surge, and the reverso
action may be used for sea-going boats.
According to this Invention, the principle of the screw propeller is applied
to paddle wheels, that is to say, the floats or propellers are arranged in the
form of a screw or portion of a helix, in place of being parallel to the axis of
the paddle wheel, as in wheels of the ordinary construction.
These helicoidal floats extend over about one-half of the circumforonco of

page_text: the paddle wheels, and consequently they considerably overlap each other, that
is, one helix or float begins before the other is completed, so that there will be
no striking or concussion against the water produced by the entrance therein
of the floats singly, since there will always be two or more floats entering and
leaving the water without any intermission, one float entering before the other
leaves the water.
AN IMPROVED SAFETY APPARATUS TO BE APPLIED TO THE TRIGGERS OF FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1857

page_text: This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by François Desir Lejard at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
April 1857.
I, FRANÇOIS DESIR LEJARD, of Paris, in the Empire of France, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED SAFETY
APPARATUS TO BE APPLIED TO THE TRIGGERS OF FIRE-ARMS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the employment of a spring plate or catch, which
engages in a groove or slot made in the rear of the body of the trigger, and
holds the trigger tight until released when in the act of or immediately before
firing, by drawing back a bolt in front of the trigger guard, which pushes back
the spring catch, disengages it from the body of the trigger, and allows the
trigger to act in the ordinary manner.
AN IMPROVED BEER ENGINE OR SYPHON AND VENT PEG, TO BE USED FOR THE PURPOSE OF DRAWING OR PUMPING ALES, BEER, OR OTHER FLUIDS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Luke Duncan Jackson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st January 1857.
I, LUKE DUNCAN JACKSON, of Underwood, in the County of Nottingham,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
BEER ENGINE OR SYPHON AND VENT PEG, TO BE USED FOR THE PURPOSE OF DRAWING
OR PUMPING ALES, BEER, OR OTHER FLUIDS," to be as follows:-
The beer engine or syphon is an engine for drawing up ales, beer, or other
fluids, and may be constructed to discharge from the same outlet as many
different kinds of ales or other fluids as may be desired.
The means by which I carry out this object is as follows:-The beer
engine or syphon is fastned or fixed upon the counter, table, or board where it
is required for use, and consists of a cylinder with a drum inside, and placed.
eccentrically with a shaft through the centre of it. In the drum there are
two spaces, one on each side. In these spaces are two wedges or valves,
which work in groves made in the cylinder ends, and as the drum is turned
round (which is done by means of a handle attached to the shaft passing
through the drum) the wedges or valves work. The grooves in the cylinder
ends are made from the centre of the cylinder, and the bearings of the drum
are made from the centre of the drum. The drum is placed out of the centre
of the cylinder, and in such a position as when turned round to leave a space

page_text: on the part of the cylinder opposite the outlet, and this space being filled up
by the wedge forms the eccentric motion.
The method I adopt for conveying the ales or other fluids from the barrel
or vessel containing the same to the cylinder is by means of pipes, and to
each pipe is a tap, plug, or valve, which is worked by a stopper fixed in the
pipe, and near to the cylinder of the engine, and which has to be removed
before the fluid required can be drawn up.
The vent peg intended to be used in connexion with the beer engine or
syphon is made as a screw with a head, and a valve in the head acting on the
passage which passes through the screw.
A SMOKE-CONSUMING FURNACE
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Smith at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th April
1857. A communication froin Mess" Sebille, Bertholomey, and Mariotte,
Engineers, of Paris and Nantes.
I, WILLIAM SMITH, of 10, Salisbury Street, Adelphi, Civil Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A SMOKE-CONSUMING
FURNACE," a communication from Mess" Sebille, Bertholomey, and Mariotte,
Engineers, of Paris and Nantes, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to steam-boiler and other furnaces, and consists in a
novel arrangement of the grate or fire-bar portions, the disposition of bridges
and deflectors in the arrangement for charging and cokeing the fuel in or upon
the furnace.
Instead of the ordinary furnace, a circular frame is mounted on a standard
or pillar in the ash-pit, or under the boiler, copper, or other vessel to be heated.
Upon this circular frame a set of fire bars, divided in their length into two
parts or two sets of short bars, are fitted, so that upon turning the frame
round to the extent of half its circumference, one set or part of the bars are
presented, and upon which the fuel is deposited, which, when partially con-
sumed or in an incandescent state, is, by reason of the furnace being again
caused to turn or partially rotate, changed from the front to the back part of

page_text: the furnace, when that which is the front division has to be charged with fuel.
When the bars are cast in one piece of the entire length, a projection upward
in the centre of the length of each bar is formed or cast thercon, so as to form a
ridge piece, bridge, or division across the diameter of the circular grate; or when
the bars are fitted in two parts or lengths, then a cross ridge piece or bridge
may be cast on and form part of the supporting frame. Over the centre of the
revolving grate, and projecting from the bottom of the boiler, a bridge is
formed of a suitable shape, composed of fire lumps or fire bricks; or a hollow
cast-iron trunk, tube, or deflector may span the furnace and aid in supporting
the boiler; and this hollow bridge picce may be perforated with holes for the
admission of air into the furnace. For other forms of boilers the same end
may be attained by forming the depending bridge by a suitable water space or
connecting piece extending across the furnace. Where two furnace doors are
employed, or where it is desirable to divide the furnace in width, a longitudinal
ridge, bridge, or division may be constructed, depending from the under side
of boiler or boilers, so as to approach within a suitable distance the upper
surface of the revolving grate or furnace. There are also instances where the
circular revolving grate may be used advantageously in combination with a
short length of the ordinary fixed furnace bars applied in front thereof.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MOULDS FOR FORMING THE SOLES OF BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William McKinley and Robert Walker of No. Four
Orchard Street, Paisley, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF MOULDS FOR FORMING THE SOLES OF BOOTS AND SHOES."
Sealed the 29th September 1857, and dated the 30th July 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Mc Kinley and
Robert Walker at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 30th July 1857.
We, WILLIAM MC KINLEY and ROBERT WALKER, of No. Four, Orchard
Street, Paisley, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "AN
IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MOULDS FOR FORMING THE SOLES OF BOOTS
AND SHOES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object an improvement in the manufacture of
moulds for the forming of the soles of boots and shoes. For this purpose a
complete boot or shoe is produced, having the size and form of sole desired,
the sole being of gutta percha; and the improvement consists in preparing
and using an electrotype cast in the making of a mould, for the production of
like sizes and forms of soles, of gutta percha or compounds thereof. The
upper" of such boot or shoe is prepared so as not to be injured by the acid

page_text: used in the bath used to deposit the required electrotype cast. The sole and
a small portion of the "upper "is to be made conductive, and placed in the
solution, and the boot or shoe, with a last therein, is put into the solution and
in connection with a galvanic battery, so as to have a metal coating (by pre-
ference copper) deposited thereon which is removed and divided into two
parts, and fixed by soldering in an iron or suitable frame or form.
CERTAIN IMPROVE- MENTS IN COCKS, VALVES, PUMPS, AND WATER PLUGS
Year: 1857

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Lund at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th August
1857.
I, EDWARD LUND, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS IN COCKS, VALVES, PUMPS, AND WATER PLUGS," to be as follows:-
The nature of my Invention consists in a particular employment of atmo-
spheric air or other elastic gas or gaseous compound, or vulcanized india-
rubber or other non-metallic elastic compressible material, to diminish the
vibration or concussion which takes place in cocks, valves, pumps, and water
plugs, when a stream of water or other fluid passing rapidly through them is
suddenly stopped.
I propose, when necessary, to separate the air or gas from the water or
other fluid by means of a partition or diaphragm of leather or other animal
membrane, vulcanized india-rubber, liquid mercury, a thin plate of copper or
other metal, or to cuclose the air or gas in a water-tight bag or case made
of these or similar materials, so that the air or gas may not become mixed
with the water or other fluid.

page_text: I do not intend to confine myself to any particular form or construction of
cock, valve, pump, or water plug with which to use my Invention, but I
reserve the details of the application of my said Invention, and the mode of
carrying the same into effect, and the exact statement of the several claims
I may be entitled to make until the time for filing my Complete Specification.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE PREVENTION OF SMOKE, AND POR EFFECTING A BETTER COM- BUSTION OF FUEL IN STEAM BOILER FURNACES
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Horace Taylor and Robert
Tate Barrett at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 18th December 1857.
WO, JOHN HORACE TAYLOR, of the Victoria Dock Road, in the County of
Essex, Engineer, and ROBERT TATE BARRETT, of the same Place, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR THE PREVENTION OF SMOKE, AND POR EFFECTING A BETTER COM-
BUSTION OF FUEL IN STEAM BOILER FURNACES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an arrangement of apparatus to be applied to
steam boiler furnaces, whereby the combustion of the fuel is greatly improved,
thus enabling fuel of an inferior quality to be used, whilst the prevention of
smoke is effectually accomplished.
According to this Invention it is proposed to supply a current or currents of
heated air to the boiler furnace, such current or currents being derived from a
fan or other blower, and being heated by passing along pipes, arranged in any
convenient manner to traverse the flues, so that the same heat which is
employed for generating steam serves also to heat the air supplied to the
furnace.
I propose to regulate the speed of the fan or other blower by means of cone
pullies or other regulating apparatus, acted upon by the damper or pressure
regulator, for which Letters Patent are granted to Phillip Marcus on or

page_text: about the Fourteenth day of March, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six,
by which means as the pressure increases in the boiler the blast will be dimi-
nished, and vice versa. By this mode of supplying hot air to steam boiler
furnaces, the heat of the air itself is made to assist to a certain extent in the
generation of the steam by acting directly upon the boiler.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COUPLING CARRIAGES ON RAILWAYS
Year: 1857

page_text: This Invention received Provisional Protection, out notice
LILG
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Augustin Mortera at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th July
1857.
I, AUGUSTIN MOBTERA, of Paris, in the French Empire, Civil Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COUPLING
CARRIAGES ON RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
My improvements in coupling carriages consist in fitting on the end of one
carriage, between the two ordinary buffers, a supplementary buffer head, and
on the end of another a hinged spring catch, which enters the buffer head and
is maintained there by a latch, or by a spring or other equivalent, or by a key.
The whole of the carriages for a train can be coupled without the aid of
attendants, and in order to uncouple them the catch has to be raised, or the
key or a pin removed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF COLLARS, CUFFS, AND. SIMILAR ARTICLES OF LADIES DRESS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John King at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th June
1857.
I, JOHN KING, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF COLLARS, CUFFS, AND.
SIMILAR ARTICLES OF LADIES DRESS," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture or production of ornamental
collars, cuffs, and similar articles of ladies dress by printing such articles at
one operation, or the fabrics from which they are made, by the agency of
printing blocks cut to the shape of the articles. In proceding to carry out
this Invention, the block impressions of the desired ornamental figures are
given to the collar and cuff material in the piece, each impression being
disposed at the requisite distance from its neighbour, so that the individual
collar and cuff pieces can be afterwards cut out as required preparatory to
making up for use. The ornamental figure is thus entirely given by the block
printing action, the figure being suited exactly to the contour or shape of the
article operated upon, and the blocks being specially cut for the purpose;
collars and cuffs can either be thus ornamented by block printing directly upon
the body fabric of the articles, or instead of this system, portions of the block
printed fabric can be attached to the collar and cuff bodies, so as to give both

page_text: color and relief thereto. In furtherence of they ornamenting effects herein-
before described, sewed work or embroidery may be used in connection with
the printing processes referred, to. Printing and sewing combined in this way
produce very superior ornamental effects.. Instead of adopting block printing
for this purpose, cylinder or roller printing may be judiciously used.
A NEW OR IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF RUNNER NOTCHES AND TOP NOTCHES FOR UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Holland at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd April
1857.
I, WILLIAM HOLLAND, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Tool
Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED
MANUFACTURE OF RUNNER NOTCHES AND TOP NOTCHES FOR UMBRELLAS AND
PARASOLS," to be as follows:-
In making runner and top notches according to my Invention, I take wire
having a section resembling the letter U, or strips of sheet metal, which by
rolling or otherwise have been bent into a trough-like form. I coil the said
wire or metal strips upon a mandril or cylinder, so as to form a compact
helical or corkscrew-like coil, the open side of the U-shaped wire or trough-
like strip being turned outwards in coiling. I then, by means of a saw or
otherwise, cut the said coil, so as to divide transversely each turn of the said
coil, and thereby make a series of rings. I bring the ends of each ring together
and join them by soldering. The trough-like form of the ring constitutes the
groove in which the wire forming the axis of the joints lies. The notches are
formed either by a press or circular saw. When used for a runner notch, a
tube or runner is soldered or otherwise fixed to the said notch.

page_text: Although I prefer the forms described, yet strips of sheet metal bent into
such a form that in section they resemble the letter M may also be employed
in carrying my Invention into effect. I prefer to use wire or strips of iron or
zinc, but do not limit myself to the use of any particular metal.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CHURNS FOR PRODUCING BUTTER
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Stettinius Clark and
Benjamin Moore at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 27th May 1857.-A communication.
.
We, WILLIAM STETTINIUS CLARK and BENJAMIN MOORE, of the American
Patent Agency, 133, High Holborn, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CHURNS FOR
PRODUCING BUTTER," (a communication,) to be as follows:-
The nature of our Invention consists in giving such direction to the cream
placed in the tub of the churn by the action of the agitator that it shall assume
the character of a screw. The shaft is placed diagonally in the tub, its
position enabling us to create a vortex or whirlpool; one end of this shaft
enters a step, secured to one side of the bottom of the churn, while the upper
drops into a slot or bearing upon the upper edge thereof; a suitable handle
serves to rotate the shaft and dashers, which are of the following construction,
resembling a screw: these wings are secured to the shaft at right angles to the
shaft; these dashers, being perforated to allow of the cream passing through
them, rendering the working easier.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINARY FOR RAISING, LOWERING, TRAVERSING, AND COMPRESSING
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Forsyth at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
August 1857.
I, THOMAS FORSYTH, of the City of Manchester, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINARY
FOR RAISING, LOWERING, TRAVERSING, AND COMPRESSING," to be as follows:-
The nature of my Invention consits in an improved combination of wheels
and screw applicable for raising and lowering heavy bodies, and to various
other purposes where great force or pressure is required.
In performing my Invention I employ the requisite framing and a screw,
the screw having on it a nut toothed wheel, by which I mean a toothed wheel,
with a screw cut in the eye of it, this wheel gearing into another wheel that
is fast on a driving shaft, and on that shaft there is also another toothed
wheel loose or fast as required, and it gears into a wheel upon the screw,
having a different number of teeth in it, and being connected by a key fitting
in a groove in the screw; but this wheel is not screwed in the eye.
When less power and great speed is desired, the wheel on the driving shaft
not gearing into the nut wheel on the screw is loose on the shaft, and the
traverse of the screw giving the lift or other desired effect, is as the velocity

page_text: of the power directly transferred through one pair of wheels into the pitch
of the screw.
When greater power and less speed are desired both wheels on the driving
shaft must be fast, when on motion being given the screw and nut will both
revolve in the same direction at different speeds, and the degree of action of
the machine for the effect desired will be changed according to the different
speeds at which the nut and screw revolve.
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF APPARATUS FOR CONDENSING AND COOLING PURPOSES
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles de Bergue at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th July
1857.
I, CHARLES DE BERGUE, of Dowgate Hill, in the City of London, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of my Invention of "AN IMPROVEMENT OR
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF APPARATUS FOR CONDENSING AND COOLING
PURPOSES," to be as follows, that is to say:-
My said Invention consists of an improved mode or modes of constructing
or forming air-tight, water-tight, and steam-tight joints, or connections in
tubular condensing and cooling apparatus between the pipes or tubes of such
apparatus, and the chamber or chambers to which the pipes or tubes are fitted
or connected.
And the said mode or modes consists in constructing or forming such joints
or connections, by inserting the extremities of a series of pipes or tubes at
one end of such series into or through holes or openings, not only in the
chamber, but also into or through a plate, sheet, or thickness of vulcanized
india-rubber, or other suitable elastic or semi-elastic packing, having corre-
sponding holes or openings, and likewise into or through a moveable plate
having corresponding holes or openings; the rubber or packing being inter-
posed between the face or cheek of the chamber and the moveable plate, and
the chamber and the moveable plate being furnished with screws or other

page_text: equivalent provision for bringing them closer or nearer together, so as to
compress the rubber or packing, and make the edges of its holes or openings
to. press and fit against the sides or exterior of the pipes or tubes. The
extremities of the series of pipes or tubes at the other end of such series to
be connected to another chamber similarly, or in the ordinary, or any approved
manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COMBINING PLOUGHS WITH LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Hamilton, Charles Burrell,
and James Boydell at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 26th January 1857.
We, FRANCIS HAMILTON, of Acton, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman,
CHARLES BURRELL, of Thetford, in the County of Norfolk, Engineer, and
JAMES BOYDELL, of Gloucester Crescent, Camden Town, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN COMBINING PLOUGHS WITH LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in combining ploughs with
locomotive engines. For these purposes several ploughs are used at the same
time, and they are connected to the locomotive engine in such manner that
the last of the series of ploughs may be still drawn forward up toward the
headland whilst the locomotive engine is turning at the headland. Each
plough is made with a single handle, and the depth of ploughing is governed
by a wheel or wheels to each plough. In order that one man may guide two
ploughs, the ends of the handles of two neighboring ploughs are made to
terminate opposite each other. The series of ploughs (used at one time) are
connected by the fore ends of their beams to a bar which is at all times held
in an inclined direction to the back of the locomotive engine, by reason of
such bar. being connected at one end thereof by a long chain or links, and at

page_text: the other end by a short chain or links to the whippletree. The whippletree
is connected at the middle of its length to the hinder part or back of the
locomotive engine, in such manner that it can be drawn thereby, either when
parallel or at an angle to the back of the locomotive engine; by which
arrangement when the locomotive engine has arrived at the headland and is
turning, it will still continue to draw forward the hinder ploughs, though the
first of the ploughs have come up to the headland. To facilitate the working
of several ploughs one after the other, the beams of each pair, or it
may be more, are connected by two connecting rods and pin-joints to each
other.
AN IMPROVED PICKER' TO BE USED IN POWER LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Burslem and John Burslem
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 17th February 1857.
We, WILLIAN BURSLEM and JOHN BURSLEM, of Cheadle, in the County of
Chester, Picker Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of our Inven-
tion for "AN IMPROVED PICKER' TO BE USED IN POWER LOOMS FOR WEAVING,"
to be as follows:-
Our Invention is intended to combine durability with simplicity and
cheapness in the manufacture of "pickers," and is more particularly adapted
to those looms known as "under pick" looms, that is, in which the vibrating
arms called "picking sticks" have their fulcra below the shuttle box. The
principal novelty in this Invention consists in the use of a wire framing, and
also for forming or constructing the "pickers" that the striking parts or fronts
shall I oppose a good solid front to the points of the shuttle without an unnecessary
consumption of leather or other like material. The front part of the "picker"
is formed of several layers or thicknesses of buffalo hide or leather, or both,
and is bound to the back of the "picker" by a frame of wires sufficiently
strong to withstand the blow by which the shuttle is impelled. The layers of
hide, &c. being suitably formed, are pierced, and the wire forced through it and
rivetted, to prevent the separation of the layers. The "picking stick " passes
between the wires laterally, fitting rather closely between the ends of the

page_text: "picker," and imparts extra solidity to the front of the "picker" when striking
the shuttle. Thus, by the interposition of the wire framing, instead of hide, &c.
to bind the ends of the picker, a considerable saving and greater durability is
attained.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR THE EXTINCTION OF FIRE IN BUILDINGS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Middleton and John Lowes
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
6th August 1857.
We, SAMUEL MIDDLETON and JOHN LOWES, both of Southwark, in the
County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR THE EXTINCTION OF FIRE IN BUILDINGS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention of "Improved Apparatus for the Extinction of Fire in
Buildings," is intended to afford facility for flooding the whole or any par-
ticular part of a building, for the purpose of extinguishing fire, and consists
principally in having a main pipe in connection with the ordinary water main
in the street, and running up the entire height of the building. From this
main pipe, at about the level of the ceiling upon each floor, is a branch pipe,
which runs round the top of each room, and is furnished with hollow balls
which project into the room. These balls are perforated or furnished with
openings in such a manner as to distribute the water in the form of a fan, and
each room is provided with a sufficient number of balls to flood every portion
of such room when the water is turned on. The landings, passages, and
staircase may also be furnished with branch pipes and perforated hollow balls.
Another branch pipe in connection with the main pipe also extends into the
chimney near the top, and is so perforated as to direct the water at an acute

page_text: angle against the inside of the chimney. The main pipe and each branch
pipe is furnished with a separate stop cock. Thus it will be evident that in
the case of fire, by opening the stop cock communicating with the main pipe,
and at the same time opening the stop cock of any particular branch, any
room or floor, or the landing, passages, staircase, or chimney may be imme-
diately flooded and the fire extinguished.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AMBULANCE CARRIAGES
Year: 1857

page_text: Sealed the 27th April 1858, and dated the 29th October. 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Daniel de la Cherois
Gourley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 29th October 1857.
I, DANIEL DE LA CHEROIS GOURLEY, of Wilton House, Regent's Park, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN AMBULANCE
CARRIAGES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in ambulance carriages, for
which purposes the body of each carriage is made of such length as to contain
on its bottom two stretchers, side by side, and longitudinally of the body of the
carriage. The sides and ends of the body of the carriage are preferred to be
upright, allowing ample space above the wounded men on the stretchers. The
stretchers have each on their under sides four rollers, to facilitate their being
moved on the bottom of the carriage; or such rollers may be applied to the
bottom of the carriage. Each stretcher is made with two sliding handles

page_text: at each of its ends, and it is desirable that they should have folding legs. The
surface of each stretcher is covered with waterproof fabric, so as to admit
of being washed; and elasticity may be obtained to the stretchers by springs of
vulcanized india-rubber. The body of the carriage is on springs, and on
a single axle with two wheels; and the carriage is provided with shafts
suitable for a pair of horses. Each carriage, in addition to carrying two
persons on stretchers on the interior, is also made suitable for carrying
ten persons on the outside, for which purpose there is constructed a folding
seat at the top on each side, and a foot board or rest to each seat; and
in order to produce a back to each side seat the roof of the body of the
carriage is raised, and such raised part is covered in at top, around which a rail
is formed, by which a convenient place is obtained for knapsacks and other
articles. Each side seat is made suitable for four persons in a sitting position,
and the front of the roof is made with two seats having a box or space between.
The sides of the body of the carriage are made with openings, closed by sliding
pannels of perforated metal; and the front is closed, and formed with or with-
out openings for ventilation. The back end is partially closed by a board
hinged to the back end of the body of the carriage; and it is preferred that
this board should be made in two parts, capable of folding and of being
supported in a horizontal position by sliding supports, by which means a
suitable table, is obtained for surgical purposes.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF PRESERVING BUTTER
Year: 1857

page_text: wwww
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Avery at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th March 1857.
I, JOHN AVERY, of 32, Essex Street, Strand, London, Patent Agent, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF
PRESERVING BUTTER," a communication from Jean Girard, of Mi-Connet, in
the Empire of France, to be as follows:-
The butter is first washed to extract all the milk in the ordinary manner,
it is then spread out, and brandy or alcohol is poured over it, then kneaded
or worked up, so as to mix the butter and alcohol thoroughly together, after
which it is made up into balls and wrapped in paper steeped in brandy or
alcohol, then in a second paper, so as to exclude the air.
If the butter be required for sea voyages, it should be packed in air-tight
Butter prepared in this manner will keep good for a long time, and
as the alcohol will evaporate no taste or smell of it will remain.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Earle Harry Smith at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th September
1857.
I, EARLE HARRY SMITH, of the City and State of New York, United States
of America, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SEWING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
The cams made use of in sewing machines to move the parts are apt to
wear loose and rattle; I therefore make my cams in two parts, to be brought
up towards each other until the edges take rollers one above the other on the
arm to be moved; the one roller taking one side, the other the other side of
the cam, which is to be of larger diameter. The parts between the cam and
shuttle or needle bar need not be described, as they are to be of any desired
character. My shuttle I form in an annular shape, and give it either a circular.
or alternating motion, and I cause the needle to continue to rise while the
shuttle passes through the loop, so as to lift the said shuttle and avoid friction.
I cause the thread to pass out of my shuttle, as near the point of motion on
which it alternates or revolves, as possible. The thread passes through a.
stationary guide near the upper end of the needle bar in such a manner that
the rising of the needle bar above said guide pulls the thread tight, drawing
it through the eye of the needle. My feed motion is a toothed plate in the
bed, having an alternating motion, and the pressure pad above the cloth.

page_text: carries fingers or pawls, to keep the cloth from being drawn baek by the
toothed plate.
I also use a self-accomodating foot to press on the cloth, set on a universal
joint or helical spring, so as to adjust itself to the surface of the cloth, which is
often irregular on account of different thickness. I also give motion to my
needle bar and a reciprocating shuttle (if that character of shuttle be used) by
cranks and connecting links to the shuttle and needle bar, so placed that the
cranks in opposite positions give a fast motion to the shuttle to pass the loop,
while the needle moves slowly, and vice versa. The slack of the thread is
also drawn up by a similar crank motion. I also clamp the shuttle thread.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF WASH WATERS CONTAINING SOAP, OILS, SAPONIFIED OR SAPONIFIABLE MATTERS, FOR THE OBTAINMENT OF PRODUCTS THEREFROM
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Leslie, of Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain, Merchant, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE TREATMENT OF WASH WATERS CONTAINING SOAP, OILS, SAPONIFIED OR
SAPONIFIABLE MATTERS, FOR THE OBTAINMENT OF PRODUCTS THEREFROM."—A
communication.
Sealed the 19th June 1857, and dated the 1st April 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Leslie at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st April
1857.
I, JOHN LESLIE, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF WASH WATERS CONTAINING SOAP, OILS, SAPONIFIED OR
SAPONIFIABLE MATTERS, FOR THE OBTAINMENT OF PRODUCTS THEREFROM," being a
communication from abroad, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the treatment of what are ordinarily waste wash
waters, arising from washing and cleansing processes of various kinds, for
the obtainment of a commercial valuable oil, or oleaginous matter or grease
therefrom.
In carrying out the Invention in practice, the wash water is run into a suit-

page_text: able boiler or heating chamber, where it is heated by the agency of steam or
otherwise up to a suitable temperature, and sulphuric acid or other suitable
chemical agent is then added to it. This treatment causes the soapy, oily, or
greasy matter to collect as a scum on the surface of the fluid when it is cooled
down. The under fluid is then run off from the chamber, and the oily or
greasy matter is thus separated for further treatment. This treatment consists
in the subjection of the collected matter to the action of heat, caustic potass
or other suitable chemical agent or ingredient being added to the mass under
treatment. This effects the refinement of the collected matter, converting it
into a commercially valuable oil. The chemical ingredients to be used will
vary with the nature of the particular wash water under treatment. Thus,
the essential features of the Invention are,--
First, the raising the soapy, oil, or greasy matter to the surface of the treated
fluid.
And, second, the heating the raised or collected matter by steam or other-
wise, adding a chemical agent or agents for the removal or destruction of the
foreign matter which may be present.
A HYDROSTATIC BELLOWS
Year: 1857

page_text: Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
January 1857.-A communication from Edmond Armand Louis d'Argy,
of Batignolles, Seine, France.
I, CHARLES FREDERIC VASSEROT, of the firm Wells and Vasserot, of 45,
Essex Street, Strand, London, Patent Agents, Mechanical Draughtsmen, &c.,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A HYDROSTATIC
BELLOWS," a communication from Edmond Armand Louis d'Argy, of Batignolles,
Seine, France, to be as follows; and consists of a cylinder or hollow disc of
metal or otherwise, having inside thereof another cylinder dividing the bellows in
two parts. Between the two cylinders is placed water to about half its capacity.
The inner cylinder is a reservoir for air, and through which passes a hollow
axle supporting the apparatus. Motion is given to the apparatus by a to-and-
fro movement with the hand, and a displacement of the water takes place in
reason of its specific gravity having a tendency to maintain itself in the lower
part between the two cylinders or discs. By this movement a vigorous
aspiration is produced by atmospheric pressure on valves placed near the
inside cylinder (on the side of the apparatus), which resist the escape of the
compressed air. The same effect is produced on the opposite part when
the contrary movement is given, so that every valve closes itself hermetically

page_text: by the hydraulic pressure and opens alternately by the atmospheric pressure.
The air (compressed) between the two cylinders or discs rushes with great
force into the inner cylinder or reservoir through two valves, placed on top of
the inner cylinder and disconnected by a partition. The inner cylinder or
reservoir has for its object to give a continuous supply of air, receiving at
each movement a fresh supply, which is conducted to the fire by means of
several apertures made in the said hollow shaft, having a pipe fastened on one
end thereof.
IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR FEEDING STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Lang at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th August
1857.
I, ALEXANDER LANG, Engineer, residing at Kinniel Iron Works, in the
County of Linlithgow, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR FEEDING STEAM BOILERS."
This Invention consists of an arrangement for feeding the boiler with hot
or cold water, & is best explained by reference to the annexed Drawings, in
which the pipe A with a valve at top B, and an arm in the centre (the latter
to regulate the fall of the float C) conveys the water into the boiler, the
valve D passes steam into the chest E, which drives the water into the boiler.
These valves close by the descent of the lever F and back balance G, which
is caused by the water running out of the box H through the valve I, in
consequence of the water in this box having been discharged by its excess of
weight over the back balance G having caused it to descend on the spindle
of the valve I, by which this valve had been opened, and the water allowed
to flow into the top cistern and through the pipe J into the chest K, where
the water is kept at a fixed level by the outlet syphon pipe L, which level is
kept to adjust the pressure of the steam from the chest E, the capacity of E
to K being such as to reduce 40 lbs. steam down to 11 lbs. The steam from

page_text: the chest E flows into the chest K through the valve M by the bent pipe N,
and the water from K into E through the valve O. These valves close by
the ascent of the lever F. The letters refer alike in each plan. To explain
the supply of water to the boiler, suppose the box H full of water, then in its
descent it would open the valves D & B, and the water contained in the
chest E would be blown into the boiler. On the discharge of the water from
the box H the lever attached would fall by the excess of weight, and the
valves M, O, would open, allowing the steam to pass out of the chest E by
the valve M, and the water to descend by the valve O, and this repeated
action would keep the boiler duly supplied. When the water in the boiler is
of sufficient height, the ball C will rise against the lever P, and so the entire
action is stopped. The supply of water to the chest H is arranged by the
bridge in that chest Q rising against the valve spindle K, which it raises and
allows the flow from any convenient pipe or receptacle. The fall of the box
His controlled by the ball S, which, supposing the lever in a raised position,
would be at T, giving, say, an equivalent to 8 lbs. weight, which, when
reversed to U, would give a depressing power of 16 lbs., and so allow 16 lbs.
weight of water to be delivered before the back balance G would cause the
box H to rise. Fig. 3 is a plan of the top of the chest, and Fig. 4 a section,
showing the valves D, B, and the lever attached. The small pipe Z allows
the steam to escape during the interval of opening & shutting the valves.
AN IMPROVED METALLIC COM- POUND APPLICABLE TO THE MANUFACTURE OF USEFUL AND ORNAMENTAL ARTICLES FOR WHICH GERMAN SILVER AND COMPOUNDS RESEMBLING GERMAN SILVER ARE AT PRESENT USED
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Sharman at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th November
1857.
I, WILLIAM SHARMAN, of Sheffield, in the County of York, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METALLIC COM-
POUND APPLICABLE TO THE MANUFACTURE OF USEFUL AND ORNAMENTAL ARTICLES FOR
WHICH GERMAN SILVER AND COMPOUNDS RESEMBLING GERMAN SILVER ARE AT
PRESENT USED," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in certain combinations of metallic substances, by
which a better result is obtained than by metallic mixtures heretofore manu-
factured, and which are produced in the following manner :-
I mix from 35 to 90 per cent. of the finest foreign zinc with from 10 to 65
per cent. of fine tin; the zinc is first melted, when the tin is gradually added.
The whole being thoroughly fused, I stir it with a stick in order to ensure
perfect combination or mixture, the gases given off from the stick aid in the
reduction of any oxide which may be present. In rolling the alloy I prefer to
do it in the same manner as spelter or zinc is rolled, but it is only necessary to
do so in rolling the hard proportions or those containing a large quantity (say
70 per cent.) of zine; I afterwards anneal it. Those portions containing
above 75 per cent. are mostly adapted for casting..