matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVED MEANS OF CHECKING THE RECRIPTS OF OMNIBUS GUARDS, CONDUCTORS OF PUBLIC VEHICLES, AND OTHER PERSONS EMPLOYED AS MONEY-TAKEBS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Addin Gardiner at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th June
1869.
I, ADDIN GARDINER, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS
OF CHECKING THE RECRIPTS OF OMNIBUS GUARDS, CONDUCTORS OF PUBLIC VEHICLES,
AND OTHER PERSONS EMPLOYED AS MONEY-TAKEBS," to be as follows:-
This Invention is intended principally to protect omnibus companies
or proprietors from being defrauded by the omnibus guards or conductors
of the fares (or any portion thereof) which they receive from the
passengers.
The Invention consists in the employment of checks or tickets of
metal or other suitable material of different forms, each representing a
particular sum or fare and stamped or otherwise marked in plain figures
one penny (or thereabouts) in excess of the actual fare to be paid. A
certain quantity of these checks or tickets, representing the various fares
according to distance, is given to each guard or conductor before com-
mencing his day's work, and every evening he has to return those checks

page_text: which he has not distributed to passengers during the day or journey,
and by counting and deducting the number of checks so returned from
the number of tickets he received in the morning it will be seen how
much money he has received from the passengers. A notice is to be
placed in a conspicuous place either inside or outside (or both in and out)
of the omnibus or vehicle, that each passenger on paying his fare is to
receive a cheque from the guard or conductor, and that one penny
will be returned to him for every cheque so received on his presenting
it (or them) at the office of the company or proprietor, or to any other
person authorised or appointed to receive such checks, and arrange-
ments will be made with shop keepers in all the principle streets in
the city, town, or elsewhere, and at the stations from and to which the
omnibuses or vehicles ply, that they shall pay one penny for each check
so returned, the omnibus company or proprietors agreeing to refund
them the money so paid at any stated times on their handing in the
returned checks.
It will be understood that the novelty of this system consists in the
employment or use of the metal or other checks of various forms
marked with the fare, and one penny more (or thereabouts) to be
refunded on the return of the ticket to an authorised person, and it
will be evident that it will form a perfect means of checking the
receipts not only of omnibus guards and conductors of public vehicles
but that the same system might be applied with equal facility to check
the receipts of other persons employed as money-takers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COMMUNICATING BETWEEN THE PASSENGERS AND THE GUARD AND DRIVER OF RAILWAY TRAINS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Williams at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
February 1869.
I, WILLIAM WILLIAMS, of Sneinton Elements, in the Parish of
Sneinton, in the County of Nottingham, Gentleman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COMMUNICATING BETWEEN
THE PASSENGERS AND THE GUARD AND DRIVER OF RAILWAY TRAINS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in part at least of revolving shafts and gearing
discs or buffers or their equivalent contrivances.
In carrying out my Invention I attach a tube, shaft, or equivalent
contrivance to the whole length of a railway carriage. At each end of
this shaft is inserted a rod, and in the space between these rods are
placed springs or their equivalents, which press or force the rods out of
the tube to any required distance to meet the ends of the rods affixed to
the adjoining carriages. At the outward end of each rod is affixed a
disc or buffer, the outward face of which is formed with raised segments
or their equivalents, which gear with the discs or buffers of the adjoining

page_text: carriages. On the shaft adjoining the guard's and driver's carriages is
placed a wheel or its equivalent, and in a position suitable for the
convenience of the guard and driver is placed another wheel, which
when turned will communicate rotary motion to the shaft. On this
last-mentioned wheel or its equivalent is fixed a camber wheel, with
which is connected a rod attached to a bell. When this camber wheel
is turned by the guard or the driver the bells in both the guard's and
driver's carriages will ring, and they will continue ringing so long as the
wheel is turned. At each compartment of the passengers' carriages a
wheel is fixed on the shaft, Connected with this wheel is another wheel
placed in a convenient position for the use of the passengers, which
wheel when turned round will cause the bells in the driver's and the
guard's carriages to ring. The wheels intended to be used by the
passengers in case of need are protected by a glazed or other frame, and
in connection with this frame are two discs. When the frame is removed
for the purpose of signalling to the guard and driver the discs are
displayed on each outward side of the compartment in which the
protecting frame has been removed, and by means of catches or their
equivalents the passengers are prevented from replacing the frame or
withdrawing the discs.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING CHAFF AND OTHER SIMILAR VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Tester at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
November 1869.
I, JAMES TESTER, of Hurst Green, in the County of Sussex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR CUTTING CHAFF AND OTHER SIMILAR VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in machinery for
cutting chaff, straw, hop bines, stalks, and other similar vegetable sub-
stances, the principal object of the Invention being to enable any length
of cut to be made by a novel method of actuating the feed motion.
The machine consists of a table set on standards and supporting the
feeding box, one end of which is open to receive the hay, the other end
is provided with bearings in which two horizontal toothed or grooved
rollers are set one above the other, the journal boxes of the upper roller
being held in slides and secured at a suitable distance from the lower
roller by screw nuts. Close to the feeding box a driving wheel is
secured by a horizontal shaft fixed thereto on one side only, the shaft

page_text: passing through bearings on the table and extending to the front of
the box in order to operate the cutting knife. This wheel is formed
with a slot extending from the centre towards the periphery, and in
the slot a connecting rod is adjusted at any required distance from the
centre so as to cause it to vary in its stroke, and being joined below the
table to a rocking frame (working on a transverse shaft in the cross
standards), the opposite ends of which project under the box and beyond
the table, it operates two forked rods ascending to a double or rocking
pall motion, one on each side of a ratchet wheel set on the lower roller
shaft, which carries a pinion gearing with a similar pinion on the shaft of
the upper roller, thus each revolution of the driving wheel gives two
motions to the palls, rack, and rollers, and the moment each supply of
material is thus forced out of the feeder, the knife cuts off the lengths
protruding, the feed motion being stationary at such instant. The slot
in the driving wheel may be marked by divisions so as to indicate the
position in which the connecting rod should be fixed in order to cut a
particular length of material, and the lower extremity of the connecting
rod may also be joined to the rocking frame in different bearings, move-
able pin joints being provided for the purpose. By these arrangements
the palls may be made to throw the rack wheel over to the extent of one
or other number of teeth and thereby thrust out any length of hay, straw,
or other material to be cut by the knife. The driving wheel may be
actuated by toothed gearing, and the machine may be driven by hand or
steam power.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ROPES, CORDS, AND TWINES, AND IN THE MACHINERY THEREFOR
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Green at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd July
.1869.
I, JOHN GREEN, of Lisburn, in the County of Down, in Ireland, Rope.
and Twine Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ROPES, CORDS, AND
TWINES, AND IN THE MACHINERY THEREFOR," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the wet and dry rubbing, sizing, drying, and,
polishing of ropes, cords, and twines, and consists in drawing those
materials from bobbins or reels revolving in framework through one or
more sizing troughs, and over and under a series of grooved bars or
pulleys and drums or cylinders placed at various intervals, one or more.
of which drums or cylinders I make to revolve in the direction in which
the materials under process are passing, and one or more, of which
drums or cylinders I encircle with roughened iron chainwork, or woven,
twisted, or plaited wirework that may be raised a little off the covering
of the drum or cylinder if necessary. I also pass the materials under
process immediately after one of the sizings through small chain, card,
or any of the ordinary rubbing substances held between two ribbed or

page_text: roughened plates; one being of wood and screwed down upon the other,
which is of metal, and is made to travel backwards and forwards in
framework by means of arms working off eccentrics or cranks on the
shaft of one of the drums or cylinders. The wood plate is furnished
with springs to adjust the pressure of the rubbing substances upon any
of the materials under process which may be of varying thickness.
For better drying and polishing the materials under process I pass the
Bame over and under an iron chest or iron chests heated with steam, and
curved and grooved longitudinally upon the under as well as upon the
upper surface. I also use strippers attached to or fixed upon the frame-
work at various intervals for smoothing the materials under process.
I employ a revolving frame or revolving frames for drawing the
materials under process before and after they have passed over and
under the heated chest or chests, and I notch or serrate the faces of the
bars coming into contact with the materials under process to preserve the
course of such materials; and in order to maintain the tension of the
same upon the drawing frame or frames I pass them between a series of
rollers kept in close contact together.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CLIPS FOR THE ATTACHMENT OF WINDOW BLINDS TO THEI ROLLERS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Alfred Warrington at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 11th January 1869.
Ì, THOMAS ALFRED WARRINGTON, of 8, Carlton Road, Kentish Town,
in the Parish of Saint Pancras, in the County of Middlesex, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CLIPS FOR THE ATTACHMENT OF WINDOW BLINDS TO THEI
ROLLERS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to facilitate the attachment and
detachment of window blinds to and from their rollers. The usual
modo heretofore employed for the purpose of fastening blinds to their
rollers is by the aid of tacks, which are very liable to tear the blind,
besides the inconvenienco of having to withdraw and drive them in
every time a clean blind is required; in other cases sewing is employed,
which is a tedious operation.
Now according to my Invention I secure the blinds to their rollers
by means of clips made of sheet metal and peculiarly formed so as to
render them capable of being easily pushed on to or withdrawn from
the roller by the use of one hand whilst the blind is held by the other,

page_text: so that the removal of the roller from its place to take off or put on
the blind is not required. The blind is first placed against the roller
and then my improved clips are sprung or pushed on at suitable
distances apart, by which means the blind will be held secure in
position. Each clip consists of a peculiarly formed spring con-
structed somewhat in the form of the lyre of the ancients, or of the
letter U, having its upper parts situated nearer to each other at their
tops than in the body of the clip, the top edges of such upper parts
being curved outwards and rolled up so as to facilitate the operation
of placing the clip in position, while at the same time it will remove
all such risk of injury to the blind as might otherwise occur from
its contact with the sharp edges of the metal.
In constructing clips according to my Invention I prefer that the
metal should be tinned, galvanised, or otherwise covered with suitable
substances to prevent rust or oxidation of the metal from injuring
the blinds.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOXES FOR HOLDING JEWELLERY AND FOR OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Frederick Williams at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 25th June 1869.
I, WILLIAM FREDERICK WILLIAMS, of Broad Street, Golden Square,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOXES FOR HOLDING JEWELLERY AND
FOR OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the application of a spiral, flat, or other
spring or springs in boxes for holding jewellery, and articles carried by
trade travellers and others, such spring or springs serving to operate a
movable frame or case within the box provided with drawers or shelves
for containing the jewellery or other articles, said movable frame being
used for the purpose of facilitating access to the contents of the. drawers.
When spiral, flat, or other metal springs are employed I prefer to
place them beneath the inner rising case before mentioned. This case
is held down when the box is closed by a spring catch at either side and
when released therefrom by the person opening the box the springs
below the inner frame or case will cause the same to rise. The drawers

page_text: or shelves rest on ledges formed on the inner and movable case, and
when the box is closed are pressed down closely one on the other, but
when the box is opened they are separated by the ledges on the rising
of the inner case as before mentioned, so as to permit of the shelves
being drawn out at the front of the box in the usual manner.
Instead of using metal springs india-rubber may be employed for
the same purpose, in which case I prefer to place the spring in a recess
formed at the side of the inner case instead of below it, one end of the
india-rubber being fastened to the lower part of said case, and the other
end to the upper part of the box proper, so that when the box is closed
these springs will be put in tension and so raise the inner case when it
is released from the spring catchics as before mentioned after opening the
box.
Instead of using spring catches for the purpose of securing the
movable case when the box is closed the same object may be attained
by making said movable frame to fit tightly in the outer case when
nearly down, where it will be held until again partially raised by hand.
The springs then come into action for raising said movable frame the
same as before.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR APPLYING BREAKS ON RAILWAYS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Clinton Edgcumbe Brooman
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 17th May 1869.-A communication from abroad by Samuel
Henry Tisbury, of Nahum, near Umballa, India.
I, CLINTON EDGCUMBE BROOMAN, of the Firm of Robertson, Brooman,
and Company, of 166, Fleet Street, Patent Agents, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
APPLYING BREAKS ON RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to apply breaks to the rails on which
the wheels of the vehicles travel, or on a separate rail laid in the space
between the rails.
The Invention consists in fitting to the body or framework of railway
carriages, engines, or tenders a series of links or connecting rods for
supporting the breaks, which are caused to bear upon the ordinary rails,
or upon an additional rail laid in the space between the ordinary rails.
The breaks are actuated by screw or other power, either direct or by the
intervention of other rods or appliances. Or instead of suspending the

page_text: breaks by links they may be connected to sliding blocks working in
the carriage frame or horu plates, and actuated by elbow levers.
Any number of breaks may be fitted to the carriages forming a train,
and when all the breaks of the train are not required to be used to
impede its progress or to stop it, I propose that a number of them
should be kept out of action by means of a lever or levers being held by
a catch, so that at any moment the driver or other person in charge of
the train can withdraw the catch and release the levers, whereupon
the levers are caused to act upon the supplementary breaks by powerful
springs.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DECORTICATING AND CLEANING GRAIN AND SEED
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Kirby Cook and George Hauxwell
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 5th June 1869.
We, KIRBY Cook, of Bishopwearmouth, in the County of Durham,
Miller, and GEORGE HAUXWELL, of the City of Durham, Millwright, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR DECORTICATING AND CLEANING GRAIN AND SEED," to be as
follows:-
In apparatus constructed according to our Invention the grain or seed
to be decorticated and cleaned is supplied to a hopper, from which it
passes to a feeder where it comes in contact with revolving plates;
these plates throw it off to fans which dash it against and through a
circular perforated plate into an annular cell or compartment; in this
cell or compartment it is met by pins carried by horizontal revolving arms
attached to an upright; the grain is carried by the pins through the
outer perforated wall of the first cell into a second annular cell, and
again in like manner into and through other similar cells, from the last
of which it falls down a spout. The arms have an outer rim or pegs,

page_text: and the revolving horizontal part of the machine is covered by gauze,
which allows air and dust but not good grain to pass. At the bottom of
the spout the grain is struck by a blast, which drives it up another spout
which is provided with one or more valves or flaps, and one or more
delivery spouts. The dust and bran are driven by the blast up the spout
into a compartment at the top thereof, while the grain is divided
according to its lightness, and the several qualities pass out by the
several delivery spouts. The feed to the apparatus is regulated by a
lever and screw. The foot of the upright which carries the revolving
arms is hollow at the bottom, and can be raised or lowered by a lever to
produce more or less friction as required.
Ax IMPROVED SURGICAL TRUSS OR BANDAGE
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Clément Léon Camel at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 21st January 1869.
I, JEAN CLEMENT LÉON CAMEL, of Rue St. Helène, No. 36, Lyons,
France, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Ax
IMPROVED SURGICAL TRUSS OR BANDAGE," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the control or prevention of the virilo
manifestations which in certain conditions of the genital organs are pro-
ductive of injurious results. For this purpose I employ a compressing
bandage of caoutchouc or other material in a textile form or otherwise,
and so shaped as to press upon the penis and keep it pointed in the
direction of the thighs towards the feet and provent its erection. I
attach this compressing bandage to a small cylinder of wood or other
material between which and the bandage the penis rests and is held in
the required position. I attach this apparatus to the person by means of
such a system of bandages, straps, tapes, or ribbons with or without
buckles or elastic fastening as shall most conveniently fit the form of
the patient.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VELOCIPEDES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Buck at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th April 1869.
I, WILLIAM HENRY BUCK, of Stretford, near Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VELOCIPEDES," to be as follows:-
The Invention relates more particularly to that class of velocipedes
having three wheels and known as the "tricycle," and is designed for
the purpose of enabling the rider to guide and drive the apparatus with
ease and facility, obtaining thereby increased velocity or speed.
The improvements relate, first, to the apparatus for driving, and
consist in attaching the ordinary crank pins to connecting rods secured
to a block sliding upon a vertical slide bar having a triangular or other
suitable shaped section. Upon these connecting rods the plates or rests
for the feet of the driver are attached. The slide bar upon which the
block slides is situated vertically between the axle of the front guide
wheel and the framing supporting the seat, the upper end of such slide

page_text: bar above the framing and in front of the driver terminating in a handle,
by which the vehicle is governed when in motion.
The apparatus by which the steering or governing is accomplished,
being the second part of my improvements, may be described as
follows: A radial horizontal arm in connection with the aforesaid
vertical slide bar is constructed so as to extend from the crank axle and
embrace the front wheel, terminating outside thereof between the front
and back wheels in a segment or quadrant, which is supported by and
slides in a corresponding groove formed at the junction of a forked
bracket or "stay" projecting from the axle of the hind or back wheels,
the upper framing supporting the seat being connected to platforms or
rests projecting from the hind axle at points corresponding with the
connections therewith of the forked bracket in which the segment
slides. The feet of the rider when propelling the velocipede move with
the aforesaid connecting rod in a segmental direction to and fro in con-
juction with the sliding of the block upon the vertical slide bar, as it
is governed in its motion by the revolution of the crank, at which
time the rider, having hold of the handle for steering or governing, can
readily with steadiness and precission direct, through the medium of the
vertical slide bar and quadrant, the velocipede to run or proceed in any
direction he may think fit.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LIPTING JACKS FOR LIFTING RAILWAY RAILS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Deas and Richard
Christopher Rapier at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 12th August 1869.
We, JAMES DEAS, of Glasgow, Civil Engineer, and RICHARD
CHRISTOPHER RAPIER, of 5, Westminster Chambers, Westminster, in
the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LIPTING JACKS FOR LIFTING
RAILWAY RAILS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in lifting jacks for
lifting railway rails. For this purpose we construct a platelayer's lifting
jack for adjusting the level of the rails of the permanent way of railways
and supporting them temporarily during the operation of packing the
sleepers as follows:-We make a sole plate of iron or other material,
about ten to fifteen inches square, round, or other convenient shape,
and with a short column cast or fixed on it, and in the top of this
column we fix a bush of brass or other metal cut with a female screw
thread, and into this bush or nut is screwed an iron screw with a
swivelled top piece to fit approximately to the under side of the rails

page_text: to be lifted, and furnished with side flanges to prevent the rails slipping
off it.
In using this jack it is only necessary to insert it under the rail in one
of the drain spaces between the sleepers or to dig a small hole for it,
and then by turning the screw up the rail is lifted to the required level.
One advantage of this form of jack for this purpose is that if a train
comes up unexpectedly the jack is quite out of the way of the train, and
may be left in its place without danger and even with advantage. It is
also lighter and much more easily removed from one place to another
than any other tools hitherto used for the purpose of lifting and
adjusting rails.
COLORED OR ILLUSTRATED DOMINOES WITH CENTRAL NUMBER
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Guillaume Dauzats at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
October 1869.
I, GUILLAUME DAUZATS, of 73, Rue Croix de Seguey (Bordeaux), and
37, Boulevard Bonne Nouvelle, Paris, in the Empire of France, Gentle-
man, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "COLORED OR
ILLUSTRATED DOMINOES WITH CENTRAL NUMBER," to be as follows:--
The object of my Invention is to replace ordinary dotted dominoes
by dominoes of a novel kind, which I term colored or illustrated dominoes
with central number, having on each half of their face instead of a
number of dots (::
, blank) combined two and
two a series of seven distinct colors, or a series of 7 illustrations of
various objects of any kind, in such wise that these colors or these illus-
trations replace the dots. The game will be played with these new
dominoes precisely as with those now in use, and according to the
same rules, but of course by calling for and placing together two ends
of dominoes bearing the same color if these dominoes are colored; or the
same design if they are illustrated. The value of each domino is indicated

page_text: by a number placed in the centre. When a player has finished he has
but to add up the numbers placed in the centre of the dominoes re-
maining to his adversaries to ascertain the amount of his gain. This
novel system of dominoes has the advantage of being more agreable to
the eye, of preventing errors in laying the dominoes together, and of
being accessible even to children still incapable of counting, but easily
able to distinguish between colors or objects, such as flowers, fruit, or
animals represented by the illustrations. The numbers inscribed in the
centre of each domino are the result of the values conventionally
given to the colors or objects painted in their place. It will be evident
from the preceding that my Invention is not dependent upon the
material of which the dominoes are made, whether wood, bone, ivory,
mother of pearl, porcelain, or other material, nor upon the use of any
particular colors or designs, upon any particular method of making
such dominoes, or of applying such colors or designs, whether by
dyeing, printing, or engraving by lithography, photography, or otherwise,
but consists essentially in the substitution of colors and illustrations
in lieu of the dots upon ordinary dominoes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHIPS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Duke at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st July
1869.
I, JAMES DUKE, of Dover, in the County of Kent, Ship Builder, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF SHIPS," to be as follows:-
Three stems, two stern posts, two keels, and one kelson. The first stem
is boxed into the end of main keel, the second stem shifts eight feet
over it, butting against the second keel and seating in the upper side
of foremast floor timber, the third stem also shifting eight feet over
the second keel, butting against the kelson backed by a solid filling
from kelson to a powerfully constructed orlop deck supported by arches
formed from kelson to deck sustained by an abutment terminating the
filling forward and a water-tight bulkhead aft, thus separating the main
hold effectually from the engine room and store rooms. For the needful
strength to the after part of screw vessels the arches are continued to
the fore part of the second stern post, the heel of which is tenanted into
second keel, the outer stern post is tenanted into main keel and placed
sufficiently apart from the inner one to allow the screw to revolve, the

page_text: two stern posts taking a bearing of the same. The floor timbers are
let equally into keel and kelson; the lower futtocks are tenanted into
same. The orlop deck beams are let into the solid crown of the arch
thus strengthened for a ram by the introduction of a heavy metal shaft
passing through the three stems into the filling, to which is given three
metal plates in the stems and filling the end of shaft (without the stem),
being bonneted with a heavy metal prow seven feet under water, sus-
taining any amount of concussion.
I claim this novel construction and principle for every class and
service, particularly for rams, monitors, turreted, screw, and all ships of
great length, the additional strength it gives enables them to sustain
any amount of weight (they will float with) to be centered at any one
spot with the least possible deflexion or hogging, maintaining the same
inflexibility if on the ground however uneven.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS USED IN STRAMING PRINTED YARNS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis John Crossloy and
Richard Hanson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 23rd January 1869.
We, LOUIS JOHN OROSSLEY, of Halifax, in the County of York,
Carpet Manufacturer, and RICHARD HANSON, of the same Place,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS USED IN STRAMING PRINTED YARNS," to bo
as follows:-
The object of our improvements is to economize the steam used in
steaming printed yarns, and also to prevent as far as possible the injury
to the colors at present arising from the water or moisture which
settles on the yarns from condensation of steam within the chamber.
Our Invention relates therefore to a new method of constructing the
steam chamber or vessel wherein the printed yarns are placed during
the steaming process. We form an outer shell or jacket partly or
entirely round the framework of the steam chamber as hitherto used,
and which framework thus furnishes the inner casing of the vessel,
leaving a hollow space between for the introduction of the steam, and

page_text: by this means the inner casing being kept constantly at a great heat the
condensation of steam when admitted within the inner portion of the
chamber where the yarns are placed will be nearly or altogether
obviated. The steam can either be admitted within the inner chamber
direct from the space between this, and the outer shell by means of a
valve, or it may receive the steam direct from a pipe passing through
the outer casing into the inner part of the vessel without being first
admitted to the hollow space between the two shells.
Another important advantage of our improved steam chamber is, that
we can reduce the size very considerably as compared with those now
in use, most of which are formed with inclined roofs, so that the steam
which is condensed into water owing to the casing being exposed outside
to the action of the cold air will run down the inclined portions of the
roof without dropping on to the yarns. The roof of our improved steam
chamber is by preference of an elliptical form, and requires only to be
of sufficient size or height conveniently to receive the frame which
supports the yarns, so that the large angle or space formed by the
inclined roof is dispensed with, and thus a great saving is effected in the
quantity of steam used every time the steam vessel requires to be charged
or filled for each set of yarns introduced.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN MOWING AND REAPING MACHINES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Whiteside at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
May 1869. A communication from the Kniffen Mowing Machine
Company, of Worcester, Mass., in the United States of America.
I, PETER WHITESIDE, of Fox Street, Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN MOWING AND REAPING MACHINES," a communication, to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is to combine in one machine all the
advantages of a separate reaping or mowing machine with light draught,
easy execution, simple construction, to reduce the gearing and get the
cutting apparatus where the grain can be successfully delivered out of
the way of the following swath to work without a connecting rod by
means of a crank, which allows the machine to work equally well either
in a horizental position or at any angle over rough uneven ground, hill
sides, embankments, or in any similar position.
The body or main frame consists of a metal tube which extends from
wheel to wheel with radial arms to support the gearing, which support

page_text: prevents trembling and vibration when the machine is in motion. The
drive wheels consist of wrought-iron spokes cast in the hub and rim of
the said wheels, by which means the wheels are lighter and yet stronger
than if made all of cast iron. There is only a short length of shafting,
avoiding all collars and shoulders; the crank shaft is supported by
bearings at its extremities with the crank and pinion between the
bearings, by which means the wear is equal on both boxes. The gearing
is all spur, which reduces the draught, is much quieter, and yet more
durable. The draught rod is attached below the main axle to relieve
the pressure from off the horses' necks. The cutting bar is drawn and
the wheels are followers to give motion to the knife. The inside shoe is
connected to the draught or main frame by links or a chain and a clevis
pin, by which means more or less pressure may be put on the ground.
The knife for mowing or cutting with back delivery is placed before
the said drive wheels, and with side delivery is placed behind the said
drive wheels. The attachments for working are a rod from crank
through an iron sleeve with an universal coupling to the elbow which
drives the knife, with a link which allows for the variation from the
working of the elbow, and thus permits the knife and bar to work
perfectly free cither in a perpendicular, horizontal, or other direction
without danger of cramping or breaking the knives. The machine is
thrown out of gear by a simple lever, which throws all the gearing out
at one movement when the drive wheels move on with the working parts
perfectly quiet and still.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE PRESERVATION OF MEAT AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED. THEREIN
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Wyatt at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
November 1869.
I, SAMUEL WYATT, of Old Town Street, Plymouth, in the County of
Devon, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE PRESERVATION OF MEAT AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED.
THEREIN," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a simple mode of and apparatus for pre-
serving meat in all weathers, specially adapted for domestic use, and
consists in forcing brine or other suitable preservative liquor into the
tissues of the meat by the aid of a force pump and a hollow needle
pointed at one end and provided with numerous lateral perforations at
or near such pointed end. This needle has a screwed cap fitted to its
opposite end, to which is attached a flexible tube in connection with the
outlet valvular opening of a simple force pump, the outlet opening to
such pump being connected by another pipe with a vessel containing
the brine or other liquor employed.

page_text: The cylinder of the pump is made of porcelain or other like material
which is clean and not acted upon by the brine. This cylinder is fitted
in a wooden or cast-iron stand, which also carries the fulcrum of a lever
or a cranked spindle and hand wheel for actuating the piston or plunger
of the pump, and is capable of being clamped on to a table or bench
when required for use. The piston may consist of two discs of the same
material as the cylinder having a packing of cork or other suitable
material between them, which is tightened up by compressing it between
the discs by means of a tightening nut on the end of the piston rod.
This piston is connected by a pin joint to a rod which is jointed to the
actuating lever or crank. The valve boxes should be made to unscrew
in the centre to facilitate the removal of any deposit of salt which may
take place therein, and the valves themselves may be spherical or
pear-shaped.
In using this apparatus the hollow perforated needle is thrust into
the meat and the pump then set to work, when the brine or other liquor
will be forced into and amongst the tissues, the operation being repeated
at different parts of the meat until the whole has been impregnated,
when it will keep sweet for a considerable period in all weathers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WATCHES AND OTHER TIMEKEEPERS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Barnabas Daft, Edmund
Axmann, and Thomas Willis Willin at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 24th September
1869.
We, THOMAS BARNABAS DAFT, of Lorn Road, Brixton, in the County
of Surrey, EDMUND AXMANN, of Belsize Road, South Hampstead, in the
County of Middlesex, and THOMAS WILLIS WILLIN, of 19, Clerkenwell
Green, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATCHES AND OTHER TIMEKEEPERS," to
be as follows:-
These improvements have for their object the construction of watch
cases from sheet steel in order to make them exceedingly cheap and
durable, also the construction of an endless screw or worm upon a spindle
going through the pendant of a watch and terminating in a knob in
order to wind up without a key, the screw or worm being geared into the
wheel of the going barrel, and also in the dials of watches which are to
be of steel with the figures stamped or embossed upon them.
Im- PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Brown at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
June 1869.
I, RICHARD BROWN, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention has principally for its object to economise the fuel
employed in the manufacture of iron from its ores.
In the ordinary blast furnace, as is well known, large quantities of
heat and of combustible gases are allowed to escape wastefully from the
top, and although some attempts have been made to utilise these waste
gases they have for the most part been directed to their application apart
from the blast furnace itself. By the present Invention it is proposed
to employ the hitherto waste gases so as to obtain all the available duty
from them either in the furnace itself and before they leave it or in an
equivalent manner, and it is reasonably expected that a much smaller
quantity of fuel will in consequence be required in proportion to the

page_text: ores treated, whilst a furnace of a given size should produce a larger
yield of metal per day as a larger proportion of ore can be charged
into it.
In carrying out the Invention according to one modification the blast
furnace is to a certain extent covered in, and one or more vertical or
inclined tunnels are provided for charging in the ore and limestone,
whilst separate tunnels are provided for charging in the fuel. Helical
or spiral. flues are formed in the brickwork round the ore tunnels, and
these flues form outlet channels for the waste gases, which having
thus comparatively long courses to traverse before escaping have ample
time afforded for giving up heat to the tunnels and to the orc and
limestone in them. In addition air is admitted by any convenient
openings into the helical flues so as to complete the combustion of the
gases passing through them, and thereby set free more heat to act on
the ores. A portion of the gases is allowed to enter the ore tunnels and
passes off from them along with moisture and carbonic acid driven off
by the heat from the ores and limestone.
In a second modification the separate gas flues are dispensed with and
the whole of the gas passes off by the ore tunnel or tunnels, air being
admitted to complete its combustion at one or more points in such
tunnels.
In a third modification the gases are made to act on the ores and
limestone in tunnels, spaces, chambers, or kilns not actually in the
furnace itself, but constructed as near thereto as possible, the gases
being led to them by flues and having air supplied to complete their
combustion whilst the ores and limestone when thus heated, as far as
convenient or practicable, are transferred in their heated state to the
blast furnace. Where the conformation of the ground admits of it
these external kilns may be erected at the level of the top of the blast
furnace.
AN IMPROVED SIGNALING APPARATUS USED IN HAND SIGNAL LAMPS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Jacob Hill and Richard
Davis at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 15th February 1869.
We, EDWARD JACOB HILL, of Victoria Station, Pimlico, in the County
of Middlesex, and RICHARD DAVIS, 19, Oraven Street, Strand, London,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED SIGNALING APPARATUS USED IN HAND SIGNAL
LAMPS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to an improved signaling apparatus which
can be placed inside the hand signal lamp when wanted, or removed at
pleasure.
In this apparatus we make use of the natural means of weight as the
acting agent, and it is worked upon the principle of a balance scale, and
consists of the signal glasses which are attached to a moveable frame
working in an almost semicircular manner on pivots, and rods attached
to the glasses are passed through small holes to the outside of the lamp,

page_text: the same rods being prevented from extending beyond the outer case of
the lamp by small moveable lids or caps, or other similar contrivances,
the momentary removal of which lids or caps, effected by the hand or
finger, causes the change of signals.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FINISHING TEXTILE FABRICS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Bruce Thompson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 8th March 1869.
I, WILLIAM BRUCE THOMPSON, of Dundee, in the County of Forfar,
North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FINISHING TEXTILE FABRICS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to an improved arrangement and construction of
rollers for picking cloth, which may be either made of wood or iron,
and the circular surfaces of which are filled with teeth or spikes set at
a tangent or nearly so to the circumference of the rollers. The spikes
or teeth may be put through either leather, wood, iron, or other material
and then fixed on the rollers, or they may be driven direct into the
roller itself. The positions of the rollers admit of both sides of the cloth
being cleaned, and as they are driven at a high speed all loose threads
that may be left on the cloth are immediately removed; between the
picking rollers another roller is placed, by preference made of metal, and
over which the cloth passes. For the purpose of regulating the pressure
of the cloth upon the rollers and rendering the machine suitable for

page_text: different thicknesses of cloth, guide rails are attached at the necessary
positions. After leaving the "pickers" the cloth may be rolled up or
passed over a roller in manner similar to what is used in a chesting
calender.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOKS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Baxenden and Joseph
Heald at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 22nd January 1869.
We, RICHARD BAXENDEN, of Chorley, in the County of Lancaster,
Machine Maker, and JOSEPH HEALD, of the same Place, Machino
Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOKS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
These improvements consist in an arrangement of parts in connection
with the pick of a loom, and working the same.
The pick we use is what is usually called a metallic under pick formed
and worked in the following manner :-At the bottom end of the
picking stick receiver is formed a ball joint, which gives a universal
motion to the pick, the pick and plate at one end being toothed and
slotted for setting or regulating the motion sooner or later as the loom
may requiro; the other end of the plate is open for readiness in
application. A moveable bracket is suspended from the back rail of the
loom which receives a stud and bracket for connecting the picking shaft
and bowl and stud. There is a self-acting check strap let in top of tho

page_text: backboard belonging to the shuttle box, which is regulated by the
picking stick. The advantages of this arrangement over the ordinary
loom is that the ball joint is not connected to the swing rail same as
in ordinary under-pick looms, which shakes in the sley with the effect of
the pick on the swing rail. Likewise one end of the metal pick plate
being open it can be applied to the box of any ordinary loom without
disturbing the tappet or tappet shaft; the other end of the plate is
toothed and slotted, also the metal pick, so that the pick may be
adjusted sooner or later as the loom may require it, and when ordinarily
screwed up remain very firm. If it be necessary to strengthen the force
of the pick the moveable bracket can be adjusted, which by its con-
nections carries with it the picking bowles, &c. to or from the metal
pick, consequently when the points and picks get a little worn they do
not require changing, but may be used until near worn in two. The
check strap let in the backboard of the loom and belonging to the
shuttle box is so arranged that when the picking stick is picking the
shuttle sets and resets the check strap for the shuttle to cushion against
when returned; this check strap can be adjusted at pleasure as the
friction may requiro.
:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WATER COCKS OR VALVES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henderson and Thomas
Brown at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 15th March 1869.
We, JOHN HENDERSON and THOMAS BROWN, both of Kirkcaldy,
in the County of Fife, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WATER COCKS
OR VALVES," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention which relates to improvements in the construction of
self-closing water valves or cocks, consists in forming the body of the
cock as a hollow cylinder, and through which the spindle or stem of the
valve passes. The inner part of the body of the cock constitutes the
valve seat, and the stem or spindle passes out through the front end of
the cylinder or body. On the outer end of the spindle or stem a cap
which constitutes the means by which the valve is pushed inwards by the
hand so as to draw off water is fixed, and it is so arranged that the valve
cannot be opened more than a certain fixed distance. Around and fixed
at its lower end to the valve spindle is an india-rubber or other elastic
tube, the outer end of the tube beng secured to the outer or front end of

page_text: the body of the cock. The tube acts as a spring and pulls the valve close
against the seat immediately that the pressure of the hand is taken off
the cap. The elastic tube also prevents the escape of any water around
the spindle or stem, and the valve face or seat may or may not be
covered with india-rubber or other elastic material.