Improvements in or connected with Incandescent Mantle Lamps.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 2nd Dec., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 2nd Sept., 1896-Accepted, 31st Oct., 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Incandescent Mantle Lamps.
We, MARIE AMANDINE FERNANDE ALICE HANTZ, MARIE ALFREDE
LÉONTINE ADRIENNE HANTZ, and EUGENE EDGARD HANTZ, all of 14 Rue de
Chevreul, Paris, in the Republic of France, do hereby declare the nature of our
invention to be as follows :-
Our invention relates to mantle lamps of that class in which the vapour of
petroleum or other suitable oil is burned to render the mantle incandescent.
In carrying our invention into practice we arrange at the lower part of the oil
vessel or reservoir of the lamp an air vessel which is filled with compressed air
by means of a pump. The air vessel, through a box arranged within it and
containing a pressure-reducing valve, and through a small pipe, is in connection
with the upper part of the reservoir, for the purpose of keeping the air pressure
constant.
In the reservoir terminates a tube whose open end extends nearly to the bottom
of the said reservoir. Upon this tube provided with a regulating cock we arrange
vaporizing tubes carrying a nozzle and into which the oil is forced by means of
the compressed air entering the reservoir from the air vessel through the box and
pipe, the oil being vaporized by the flame issuing from the burner arranged above
the nozzle. To enable the vaporization of the oil contained in the tubes to be
effected when first setting the lamp in operation we arrange a spirit vessel round
the tube in the reservoir, and provide a cup above the said vessel. This cup is
connected by a pipe (fitted with a cock) with the spirit vessel, which is also in
connection with the reservoir through an opening usually closed by means of a
valve, so that the compressed air contained in the reservoir, passing through
the valve into the spirit vessel can act upon the spirit contained therein
and on the cock being opened, can force the spirit into the cup where it is
lighted for heating the tubes until the vapour leaving the nozzle is ignited above
the burner, whereupon the vaporization of the oil will take place by the heat of
the gas flame itself.
A spring acts upon the valve in such a manner that the latter will enable the
compressed air to pass from the reservoir into the vessel only when the air pressure
in the latter has sunk below the pressure required for forcing the spirit from the
spirit vessel into the cup, so that the air pressure in the vessel can vary but little.
By reason of the aforesaid valve the oil and the spirit cannot become mixed when
the lamp is held obliquely.
Round the vaporizing tubes the mantle and the chimney surrounding the latter
and carried by the gallery are arranged in an appropriate manner.
In order that the outlet opening for the oil vapour may be cleaned so as to
obtain a flame which will always be of equal size, a needle or cleaning pin is
provided in the nozzle. This needle terminates above in a thin cylindrical part
and has a conical part provided with somewhat concave surfaces. The needle
projects below from the nozzle and is furnished with a screw-threaded part upon
which is fitted a small bevel wheel provided with a female screw thread and
engaging with a second small bevel wheel, the latter being fixed upon a shaft
supported in an appropriate manner and having a handle. Below the screw-
threaded part the needle possesses a longitudinal slot, and a coupling muff is slid upon
the same.
A pin fixed in this muff passes through the slot in the needle. The

page_text: coupling muff has two crowns of teeth and is connected with the forked end of a
lever so that it can be displaced upon the needle in the vertical direction by means
of the said lever, and so that either its upper teeth can be caused to engage with a
crown of teeth on the small bevel wheel or its lower teeth with those of a fixed
crown wheel. When in the latter case the shaft and therefore the small bevel
wheel is turned in one or the other direction the needle will be raised or lowered,
and its cylindrical terminal part will thus be pushed through the gas outlet opening
or drawn from the same, the pin of the muff held in engagement with the crown
wheel preventing the needle from turning. By an upward movement of the needle
to be effected in the described manner the opening will be cleaned by the cylindrical
terminal part of the needle. This cleaning of the opening may be completed by
imparting to the needle in its uppermost position a turning movement.
This may
take place by disengaging the lower teeth of the muff from those of the crown
wheel with the aid of the lever, and by engaging its upper teeth with the teeth of
the small bevel wheel, the muff in the turning movement of the shaft being turned
by the small wheel and the needle being operated by the pin, thereby causing the
opening to be kept in a clean and polished state.
In this turning movement of the needle in its uppermost position the edges
formed by the concave surfaces scrape off the dirt which may adhere to the lower
conical part of the opening and which then drops into the lower part of the nozzle.
When the lamp is not in operation it will be expedient to place the needle in its
uppermost position for the purpose of preventing the collection of impurities such
as dust and the like in the opening.
In order that the admission of air into the vessel may be automatically regulated
and that the compressed air in the same may always remain at the desired pressure
although the supply of oil in the reservoir diminishes, the admission of the compressed
air from the vessel to the box, which is connected by the pipe with the upper part
of the reservoir, takes place through an aperture closed by a pressure-reducing
valve which is opened automatically as soon as the air pressure in the box has
decreased a little, thereby causing the air pressure in the said box and the reservoir
to remain nearly constant. This valve is jointed to a lever, one end of which is
pivoted in a bracket on the partition separating the vessel from the box, whilst the
other end of this lever is connected with a pin whose lower end is lightly forced
by a spring against a membrane. The membrane is held in the upper part of a
tube inserted vertically into the partition and closes the upper end of such tube.
Below the membrane we arrange a helical spring in the tube so that its upper
end will bear against the membrane, whilst its lower end rests upon a disc
inserted into the tube and adapted to be adjusted in the same by means of a
screw.
As soon as the pressure of the air contained in the reservoir, owing to the
consumption of oil, has sunk below a certain limit the valve will be raised from its
seat by the air contained in the vessel and subjected to a higher pressure, thus
enabling some air to pass from this vessel through the box and the pipe into the
reservoir. On the pressure of the air contained in the reservoir and the box
again reaching a certain amount the membrane will be lowered by this air,
compressing the spring adjusted for a certain amount of pressure, the pin with the
corresponding arm of the lever will therefore be moved downwards and the valve will
be forced upon its seat until the pressure in the reservoir has been lowered again,
and so on.
The membrane may of course be replaced by a piston.
Dated this 2nd day of December 1895.
J. G. LORRAIN,
Chartered Patent Agent.

page_text: Improvements in or connected with Incandescent Mantle Lamps.
We, MARIE AMANDINE FERNANDE ALICE HANTZ, MARIE ALFREDE
LÉONTINE ADRIENNE HANTZ, and EUGÈNE EDGARD HANTZ, all of 14 Rue
de Chevreul, Paris, in the Republic of France, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
Our invention relates to mantle lamps of that class in which the vapour of
petroleum or other suitable oil is burned to render the mantle incandescent.
An incandescent lamp constructed according to our said invention is represented
in the accompanying drawings, in which
Figure 1 shows a longitudinal section of this improved lamp.
Figure 2 is a section at a right angle to that of Figure 1, representing the
vaporizing tubes and the nozzle of the same.
Figures 3 to 5 show details.
In carrying our invention into practice we arrange at the lower part of the
oil vessel or reservoir A of the lamp, an air vessel a which is filled with compressed
air by means of a pump b.
The air vessel a, through a box al arranged within it and containing a pressure-
reducing valve and through a small pipe c, is in connection with the upper
part of the reservoir A, for the purpose of keeping the air pressure in the latter
constant.
In the reservoir A terminates a tube B whose open erd extends nearly to the
bottom of the said reservoir. Upon this tube B, provided with a regulating
cock S, we arrange vaporizing tubes F carrying a nozzle E and into which the oil
is forced by means of the compressed air entering the reservoir A from the air
vessel a through the box a' and pipe c, the oil being vaporized by the flame issuing
from the burner V arranged above the nozzle E. To enable the vaporization of
the oil contained in the tubes F to be effected when first setting the lamp in
operation, we arrange a spirit vessel G round the tube B¹ in the reservoir A, and
provide a cup g above the said vessel. This cup is connected by a pipe 92 (fitted
with a cock g¹) with the spirit vessel G, which is also in connection with the
reservoir A through an opening g³ usually closed by means of a valve g*, so that
the compressed air contained in the reservoir A passing through the valve 9* into
the spirit vessel G can act upon the spirit contained therein, and on the cock g¹
being opened, can force the spirit into the cup g where it is lighted for heating
the tubes F, until the vapor leaving the nozzle E is ignited above the burner V.
whereupon the vaporization of the oil will take place by the heat of the gas
flame itself.
A spring 9 acts upon the valve g in such a manner that the latter will enable
the compressed air to pass from the reservoir A into the vessel G only when the
air pressure in the latter has sunk below the pressure required for forcing the
spirit from the spirit vessel G into the cup g, so that the air pressure in the vessel G
can vary but little. By reason of the aforesaid valve g the oil and the spirit
cannot become mixed when the lamp is held obliquely.
Round the vaporizing tubes F the mantle X and the chimney Y surrounding
the latter and carried by the gallery Z are arranged in an appropriate manner.
In order that the outlet opening e for the petroleum vapour may be cleaned so
as to obtain a flame which will always be of equal size, a needle or cleaning pin H
s provided in the nozzle E. This needle terminates above in a thin cylindrical
art h° and has a conical part h³ provided with somewhat concave surfaces o
Figure 5). The needle H projects below from the nozzle E and is furnished
with a screw-threaded part h upon which is fitted a small bevel wheel k provided

page_text: with a female screw thread and engaging with a second small bevel wheel t, the
latter being fixed upon a shaft L supported in an appropriate manner and having
a handle. Below the screw threaded part the needle H possesses a longitudinal
slot, and a coupling muff I is slid upon the same. A pin i fixed in this muff
passes through the slot h¹ in the needle H. The coupling muff I has two crowns
of teeth and is connected with the forked end of a lever j so that it can be displaced
upon the needle H in the vertical direction by means of the said lever, and so
that either its upper teeth can be caused to engage with a crown of teeth 4º on the
small bevel wheel k, or its lower teeth with those of a fixed crown wheel k¹.
When in the latter case the shaft L and therefore the small level wheel k is turned
in one or the other direction the needle H will be raised or lowered, and its
cylindrical terminal part will thus be pushed through the gas outlet opening e
or drawn from the same, the pin i of the muff held in engagement with the crown
wheel preventing the needle H from turning. By an upward movement of the
needle H to be effected in the described manner the opening e will be cleaned by
the cylindrical part 1° of the needle. This cleaning of the opening e may be
completed by imparting to the needle H in its uppermost position a turning move-
ment. This may take place by disengaging the lower teeth of the muff I from
those of the crown wheel k¹ with the aid of the lever j and by engaging its upper
teeth with the teeth of the small level wheel k, the muff 1 in the turning
movement of the shaft L being turned by the small wheel k, and the needle H
being operated by the pin i, thereby causing the opening e to be kept in a cleaned
and polished state.
In this turning movement of the needle in its uppermost position the edges
formed by the concave surfaces ho scrape off the dirt which may adhere to the
lower conical part of the opening e, and which then drops into the lower part of
the nozzle E. When the lamp is not in operation it will be expedient to place the
needle H in its uppermost position, for the purpose of preventing the collection of
impurities, such as dust and the like, in the opening e.
In order that the admission of air into the vessel A may be automatically
regulated and that the compressed air in the same may always remain at the
desired pressure although the supply of oil in the reservoir A diminishes, the
admission of the compressed air from the vessel a to the box a', which is connected
by the pipe c with the upper part of the reservoir A, takes place through au
aperture v closed by a pressure-reducing valve t which is opened automatically as
soon as the air pressure in the box a¹ has decreased a little, thereby causing the
This
air pressure in the said box a¹ and reservoir A to remain nearly constant.
valve t is jointed to a lever t', one end of which is pivoted in a bracket t² on the
partition T separating the vessel a from the box a', whilst the other end of this
lever is connected with a pin u¹ whose lower end is lightly forced by a spring t
against a membrane u². The membrane u² is held in the upper part of a tube u
inserted vertically into the partition T, and closes the upper end of such tube.
Below the membrane u we arrange a helical spring us in the tube u so that its
upper end will bear against the membrane, whilst its lower end rests upon a
disc u inserted into the tube u and adapted to be adjusted in the same by means
of a screw u³.
As soon as the pressure of the air contained in the reservoir A, owing to the
consumption of oil, has sunk below a certain limit the valve t will be raised from
its seat v by the air contained in the vessel a and subjected to a higher pressure,
thus enabling some air to pass from this vessel a through the box al and the pipe c
into the reservoir A. Ou the pressure of the air contained in the reservoir A and the
box a' again reaching a certain amount the membrane u² will be lowered by this air,
compressing the spring us adjusted for a certain amount of pressure, the pin u with
the corresponding arm of the lever t¹ will therefore be moved downwards and the
valve will be forced upon its seat until the pressure in the reservoir A has been
lowered again, and so on. The membrane u may of course be replaced by a
piston.
1,3

page_text: aving on particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven--
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I.
claim is :-
1. In petroleum vapour incandescent lamps the combined arrangement of an
air pump b, a vessel a for compressed air, an automatic pressure-reducing valve t
included between the said vessel and the petroleum reservoir A and by means of
which the requisite quantity of compressed air is automatically conducted to the-
petroleum reservoir, a tube B provided with a regulating cock S, the vaporizing
tubes F which are supplied with petroleum by the air pressure prevailing in the
petroleum reservoir A, the outlet nozzle E of the said vaporizing tubes being-
furnished with a needle or cleaning pin H adapted to be moved vertically and to.
be turned and enabling the opening e for the outlet of the petroleum to be kept
clean, and a cup g wherein spirit may be burned when the lamp is first set in
operation, for the purpose of preliminarily heating the vaporizing tubes F, whilst
in the normal operation of the lamp the flame fed by the petroleum vapour produced
in the tubes F yields to the latter the heat necessary for vaporizing the petroleum.
substantially as described.
2. In petroleum vapour incandescent lamps, wherein the petroleum is forced by
means of compressed air from a reservoir A into the vaporizing tubes, the
arrangement of a spirit vessel G provided in the petroleum reservoir, the said
vessel C being connected on the one hand by an automatic valve 2 with the
reservoir A, and on the other hand by a tube 92 having a cock g' with the cup g
designed for the preliminary heating for the purpose of enabling this cup to be
supplied with spirit by simply opening the cock g', when first setting the lamp.
in operation, substantially as described.
3. In petroleum vapour incandescent lamps the arrangement of a needle or
cleaning pin H passing from below into the removable nozzle E provided with the
outlet opening e for the petroleum vapour which needle or pin terminates above in
a thin cylindrical part 1° and is furnished below outside the nozzle E with a screw-
threaded part and a longitudinal slot ', and which can be moved by means of the
small toothed wheels k, k, l, k¹, the coupling muff I being provided with a pin i,
the shaft L and the lever j, so that it will be raised or lowered in the said nozzle E,
in order to remove the impurities from the vapour outlet opening in its upward
movement, or to prevent the access of dust and the like into the same in its
uppermost position, or that it will turn in its uppermost position in the nozzle E.
without a vertical displacement, thereby completing the cleaning of the opening e,
for the purpose of obviating a change in the size of the flame by keeping the
opening e clean.
4. In petroleum vapour incandescent lamps, wherein the petroleum is forced by
means of compressed air from the reservoir into the vaporizing tubes, the pressure-
reducing valve t with a lever t¹ provided with a spring t3 and a pin u¹ and a
chamber or tube u closed by a membrane u² (or piston) subjected to the air pressure
prevailing in the petroleum reservoir A, which tube or chamber communicates with
the outer atmosphere and encloses an adjustable helical spring u³ acting upon the
said membrane (or piston) the combination being such that when the air
pressure in the reservoir A is reduced below a certain limit the air pressure in the
vessel a, aided by the action of the spring u³ and acting in opposition to that of the
spring 3, will open the valve t in order to pass through the opening into
the reservoir A until the combined action of the augmented air pressure in the
said reservoir A upon the aforesaid membrane u2 (or piston) of the chamber น. and
the spring t³ upon the lever t, can overcome that of the spring u³ and will close the
valve again, it being possible to vary the pressure in the petroleum reservoir A by
adjusting the pressure of the spring u³, substantially as described.
13
5. In a petroleum vapour incandescent lamp a device for eleaning the vapour
outlet opening, characterized by the feature that the cleaning pin H which is to.
be passed through the vapour nozzle, is brought in firm connection with the lamp.

page_text: and is actuated by a mechanism which, in a suitable manner pushes the pin forward,
draws it backward, or turns it round as the case may be.
6. In a petroleum vapour incandescent lamp, the device for actuating the cleaning
pin mentioned in the preceding claim, consisting of a gearing which can be operated
so that the cleaning spindle is screwed upwards by the wheel k when the spindle is
made secure against a turning movement by causing the coupling I to engage with
a stationary toothed crown, whilst it only turns when the coupling is engaged with
the wheel k.
7. In a petroleum vapour incandescent lamp the arrangement of the pin of the
cleaning spindle with a cylindrical part h° which is to be pushed through the nozzle,
and with a taper or grooved part 1°, h which serves to scrape out the dust from
the nozzle, by the rotation of the cleaning spindle.
Dated this 1st day of September 1896.
For the Applicants,
J. G. LORRAIN, M.I.E.E., M.I. Mech. E.,
Norfolk House, Norfolk Street, Strand, London, W.C.,
Chartered Patent Agent.