IMPROVEMENTS IN KITCHEN RANGES
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Benuett, of Aston, near Birmingham,
in the County of Warwick, Builder, and John Currall, of Bir-
mingham, aforesaid, Kitchen Range Fitter, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN KITCHEN RANGES."
Sealed the 25th March 1870, and dated the 12th October 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Bennett and
John Currall at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 12th October 1869
We, WILLIAM BENNETT, of Aston, near Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick, Builder, and JOHN CURRALL, of Birmingham, aforesaid,
Kitchen Range Fitter, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN KITCHEN RANGES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists, firstly, in giving to the bottom of the grates
of kitchen ranges a rising and falling motion by means of a vertical
screw, which also raises and lowers the ash pan at the same time. The
screw is worked by a moveable key, and the screw box, which is raised
and lowered by the action of the screw, supports the bottom of the

page_text: grate. The top of the ash pan forms a rest or table, upon which any-
thing can be supported. The ash pan can be introduced into its place
and withdrawn by a sliding horizontal motion. Instead of giving a
rising and falling motion to the bottom of the grate by means of a screw
and screw box, as described, the same object may be obtained by means
of a single rack and pinion. In this case the bottom of the grate is
supported on a bracket at one side of the grate, the vertical side of the
said bracket being made into a rack, with which a pinion worked by a
moveable key on the outside of the grate gears By turning this key
in one or other direction the moveable bottom may be raised or lowered
and adjusted in the grate at the desired height.
Our Invention consists, secondly, of the following arrangement of the
parts of a kitchen range for cottages and small houses:-The range
consists either of an oven on one side of the fire-place and a boiler on
the other, or an oven on each side, or an oven only on one side with a
sham oven on the other. In order to carry the heat in the required
direction we employ a loose fitted and moveable channel or flue passing
front of the range from one side to the other just below the bottom
of the oven or ovens. We make the fire pass over the top of the
oven, down the side, and under the bottom, then through the said flue
under the bottom of the oven or boiler on the opposite side of the fire-
place and up the back, passing through the flue
Our Invention consists, thirdly, of a rising and falling dust preventer
(serving also as an ash pan or stand or table) which is provided with
projections at top capable of engaging in openings in the sides of the
grate.
Our Invention consists, fourthly, of a draw plate or blower constructed
in the following manner, by the use of which an open fire or close fire-
grate may be made at pleasure:-The said draw plate or blower resembles
at front the ordinary draw plate or blower, but the sides of the said
blower are made as wide as the flue at the back of the chimney hole, and
the back of the said blower above the opening in it is so expanded by an
oblique plate that when the blower is pushed to its full extent into the
chimucy hole it closes the said flue and cuts off communication with
the chimney. A close fire-grate is thus made. By drawing out the
blower the flue is opened and an open fire-grate formed. By drawing out
the blower more or less the draught through the fire may be regulated.
We attach the blower described to the plate rack of the range, by means

page_text: of which plate rack the said blower is moved into or out of the chimney
hole. The ends of the said plate rack to which the blower is attached
are supported and slide upon ledges made on the frame of the range.
The blower may be worked by hand instead of being connected to and
worked by the plate rack.
Our Invention consists, fifthly, of the following improvements in con-
structing and arranging the fire panel of kitchen ranges, that is, the
plate by which the top of the grate between the ovens is closed:--Instead
of making the said panel lift off as usual to form an open fire we make
the said panel capable of sliding, and we make at the back of the grate
a box or receptacle, into which the said panel is received when pushed
back The panel is provided at front with a plate, which effectually
closes the top of the grate and enables an open drop bar to be used.
The panel is fixed in its place to form a close fire by means of snugs
engaging with the ends of the ledges upon which the panel slides. The
plate at the front of the panel is provided with projections at its ends,
against which the fall bar when the latter is turned down bears, and
lifting the said panel releases its snugs from the ends of the ledges
and permits it to be moved back into its receiving box to form an open
fire.
Our Invention consists, sixthly, in combining with the range a steam
generator or hot water cistern constructed as follows:-At the back of
the fire-place (or other convenient part) we fix a small boiler or cistern,
which is heated by the fire in the said fire-place. A pipe passing from
the cove plate of the range supplies water to the boiler or cistern, and
another pipe at the back of the boiler or cistern conveys away the steam
or hot water from the said boiler or cistern. When steam is to be
produced the quantity of water admitted is regulated by a stop-cock, so
that it is immediately converted into steam on entering the generator
or cistern. The steam or hot water may be supplied to a bath or used
for any other purpose, such as cooking by steam. Instead of the boiler
or cistern described a series of pipes may be made to answer the same
purpose. In place of or in addition to the boiler or cistern or series of
pipes described a small removeable pot or vessel (or a cooking utensil)
may be inserted in the hole in the middle of the fire panel of the grate,
the said pot or vessel or cooking utensil being supplied with water by a
pipe, a second pipe conveying away the steam or hot water.
Our Invention consists, seventhly, of the following improvements in

page_text: fixing kitchen ranges or arranging the flues of the said ranges:-We fix
the range straight as usual, but instead of leaving flue room at the
back of the oven or ovens we place the said oven or ovens close against
the back wall and arrange the flue so that the hot air is first carried
over the top of the oven, down one side of the oven, then under the
bottom, and next up the other side of the oven and between the fire-
brick back and back of chimney, and then into the main flue. The hot
air passes round each oven in the way described. By this arrangement
the lower part or parts of the oven or ovens are effectually heated. Or
the hot air is carried down at the back of the grate between two ovens
or an oven and boiler, or at the back of the two ovens and back flue,
and passes first under the bottom of the oven or ovens, then up the side
and over the top of the main flue.
Our Invention consists, lastly, of the following improvements in fixing
kitchen ranges:-Instead of arranging the two ovens parallel to one
another as usual we place the said ovens inclined to one another at a
small angle, that is, we so incline the ovens that the back ends of the
ovens are nearer together than their front ends; by this means the
range is made to occupy less room than usual, while there is room
enough between the flat back wall and the inclined back of the ovens
for the flues. Either of the arrangements of flues described in the last
part of our Invention may be applied to ranges set in this way; or
instead of inclining the ovens in the manner described they may be
inclined to one another in the other direction, that is, instead of the
back ends of the ovens being situated nearer to each other than the front
ends the front ends may be situated nearer to each other than the back
ends. By this arrangement a large space is left at the back of the
in which the flues and the apparatus herein-before described may
range,
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, S
filed by the said William Bennett and John Currall in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 6th April 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM
BENNETT, of Aston, near Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Builder, and JOIN CURRALL, of Birmingham, aforesaid, Kitchen Range 3
Fitter, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent bearing date the Twelfth day of October, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-
third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto us, the said William Bennett and John Currall, Her
special licence that we, the said William Bennett and John Currall,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said
William Bennett and John Currall, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN KITCHEN RANGES."
upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said William Bennett
and John Currall, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under our or their hands and seals, or under the hand and seal
of one of us or them, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said William Bennett and John Currall,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say:-
Our Invention consists of the several arrangements or combinations of
the parts of kitchen ranges herein-after described and illustrated in the
accompanying Drawings.
Our Invention consists, firstly, in giving to the bottoms of the grates
of kitchen ranges a rising and falling motion by means of a vertical
screw. The screw is worked by a moveable key, and the screw box,
which is raised and lowered by the action of the screw, supports the
bottom of the grate This part of our Invention is illustrated in con-
nection with the kitchen range represented in front elevation in Figure 1,
and transverse vertical section taken through the fire-place in Figure 2
of the Drawings. a is the bottom of the grate b, the said bottom a being
capable of a rising and falling motion in the said grate b. The said
moveable bottom a is carried by and affixed to the horizontal arm or

page_text: bracket c, having at one end a screw box d; this screw box is con-
structed in two parts or halves for convenience of manufacture.
Working in the screw box d is a vertical screw e turning at bottom in
the step or bearing /, and at top in the bearing g affixed to the under
side of the hob of the grate. The upper end e³ of the screw e is made
square, and upon the said square end a removeable key or handle is
fitted. By turning the said key the screw e is rotated and the screw
box d made to rise or fall upon the said screw The moveable bottom a
is thereby raised or lowered in the grate b, and the fire space of the said
grate thus diminished or increased as may be required. In the Drawing
the moveable bottom a of the grate is represented at its lowest position
Instead of giving a rising and falling motion to the bottom of the grate
by means of a screw and screw box, as described and represented in
Figures 1 and 2, the same object may be obtained by means of a single
rack and pinion. In this case the bottom of the grate is supported on a
bracket at one side of the grate, the vertical side of the said bracket
being made into a rack, with which a pinion (worked by a removeable
key or handle on the outside of the grate) gears. This arrangement of
our Invention is represented in connection with the kitchen range shown
in transverse vertical section in Figure 3 of the Drawing.
moveable bottom carried by and fixed to the horizontal arm or bracket c,
the vertical part of which said bracket is made into a rack h; gearing
with the said rack h is a pinion i, the axis of which is supported by a
bearing and the side of the grate, as represented. The projecting end
of the axis of the pinion is made square, and upon the said square end a
key or handle is fitted. By turning the said key the rack is raised or
lowered, and with it the moveable bottom a, and the said bottom is thus
made to diminish or increase the fire space of the grate bat pleasure.
a is the
Our Invention consists, secondly, of the following arrangement of the
parts of a kitchen range for cottages and small houses:-The range
consists either of an oven on one side of the fire-place and a boiler on the
other, or an oven on each side, or an oven only on one side and a sham
oven on the other side. In order to carry the heat in the required
direction we employ a loose fitted and moveable channel or flue passing
in front of the range from one side to the other just below the bottom of
the oven or ovens. We make the fire pass over the top of the oven,
down the side, and under the bottom; then through the said flue under
the bottom of the oven or boiler on the opposite side of the fire-place and

page_text: up the back, passing through the chimney flue. This part of our
Invention is illustrated in the kitchen range provided with two ovens
represented in front elevation in Figure 10, horizontal section in
Figure 11, and vertical transverse section in Figure 12.
a, b, are the
two ovens, and c is the loose fitted and moveable channel or flue
passing in front of the range from one side to the other, as represented.
The ends of the channel or flue c open respectively into the flues under
the bottoms of the ovens a, b. The said removeable channel or flue c is
hxed to the range by means of a hook d at each end taking into a slot e
in front of each oven. By this means the channel or flue c is fixed in
its place, but is also capable of being readily removed when required
from the range. Other kinds of fastenings may be employed instead of
that represented. The fire and heated air from the grate first pass over
the top of the oven a, down the side flue g to the fluc h under the
bottom of the oven. The heated air is then conducted into the moveable
channel or fluc c, and through the said channel or fluc c into the flue i
under the bottom of the oven b, the heated air then rises up the flue or
flues at the back angles of the oven b, then over the top of the oven b,
and from thence passes to the chimney. The course of the heated air is
indicated by arrows in the several Figures. By the passage of the
heated air through the moveable channel or fluc c the said channel or
fluc becomes highly heated, and thus serves as a hot plate or rest, upon
which articles of food, culinary vessels, and other things may be placed
to be heated. Instead of the second oven b a boiler or sham oven may
be substituted therefor.
Our Invention consists, thirdly, of a draw plate or blower constructed
in the following manner, by the use of which an open fire or close fire-
grate may be made at pleasure:-The said draw plate or blower
resembles at front the ordinary draw plate or blower, but the sides of the
said blower are made as wide as the flue at the back of the chimney
hole, and the back of the said blower above the opening in it is so
expanded by an oblique plate that when the blower is pushed to its full
extent into the chimney hole it closes the said flue and cuts off com-
munication with the chimney. A close fire-grate is thus made. By
drawing out the blower the flue is opened, and an open fire-grate
formed. By drawing out the blower more or less the draught through
the fire may be regulated. We attach the blower described to the plate
rack of the range, by means of which plate rack the said blower is

page_text: moved into or out of the chimney hole. The ends of the said plate rack
to which the blower is attached are supported and slide upon ledges
made on the frame of the range. The blower may be worked by hand
instead of being connected to and worked by the plate rack. This part
of our Invention is shown in connection with the kitchen range repre-
sented in front elevation in Figure 1, vertical transverse section in
Figures 2 and 3, and plan, partly in horizontal section, in Figures 4
and 5. The horizontal sections of Figures 4 and 5 are taken on the
lines A, A, of Figures 2 and 3 respectively. In Figures 1, 2, and 4
the draw plate or blower is represented pushed to its full extent into
the chimney flue to form a close grate, and in Figures 3 and 5 the
said draw plate or blower is represented drawn out of the chimney flue
to form an open fire to the grate. The draw plate or blower consists
of a front plate k of the ordinary kind, side plates k³, k, and a back
oblique plate ³, the said oblique plate passing from near the top of the
opening in the front plate to the top of the back edges of the side
plates, k³, as represented The blower is supported by the plate rack
herein-after described. The sides of the blower are made as wide as
the flue at the back of the range above the ovens, the said flue / com-
municating with the chimney flue or hole m. When the blower is
pushed to its full extent into the flue l, as represented in Figures 1, 2,
and 4, it closes the said flue and cuts off all communication between
the blower and the chimney hole or flue m; that is to say, the side
plates,, of the blower cut off communication with the flue
vertically, and the oblique plate horizontally (see the horizontal section,
Figure 4); a close fire-grate is thereby made. By drawing out the
blower, as illustrated in Figures 3 and 5, the flue is opened, and com-
munication between the draw plate or blower and chimney fluc m
thereby established, and an open fire-grate formed. By drawing out the
blower more or less the draught of the fire may be regulated. The
blower is attached to and supported by the plate rack n of the range.
The ends of the said plate rack n are supported and slide upon the
ledges p, p, on the frame or side plates of the range. By slid.ng the said
plate rack n the blower may be moved into or out of the flue 1.
Figure 6 represents in front elevation, Figure 7 in plan, and Figure 8
in vertical section a blower constructed according to our Invention to be
worked by hand instead of by the plate rack This construction of
blower may also be used with the plate rack. This blower is made
without a front plate, the oblique plate ³ having a handle
だ
attached to

page_text: it, by which the blower may be moved into or out of the flue at the
chimney hole. The top of this blower is closed in by a plate k instead
of being open as in the blower first described. The parts of the blower
may be modified as follows:-The plate ³ of the blower may turn upon
a joint at its bottom instead of being fixed, the joint being situated at the
back of the blower. In this case the said plate assumes the
inclination represented in Figure 3 when the blower is drawn out of the
flue 1, the top of the said plate k³ resting against the back of the said
flue, and when the blower is pushed into the flue the top of the
plate ³ is thrown forward, turning on its joint and taking an inclination
the reverse of that represented. An opening is cut in the top covering
at m nearly equal in width to the plate k³. By this arrangement the
drawing forward of the blower increases the flue space of the open fire
largely, and promotes the draught.
Our Invention consists, fourthly, of the following improvements in
constructing and arranging the fire panels of kitchen ranges, that is, the
plate by which the top of the grate between the ovens is closed:-Instead
of making the said panel lift off as usual to form an open fire we make
the said panel capable of sliding, and we make at the back of the grate a
box or receptacle, into which the said panel is received when pushed back.
The panel is provided at front with a plate which effectually closes the
top of the grate and permits an open drop bar to be used. The panel is
fixed in its place to form a close fire by means of snugs engaging with
the ends of the ledges upon which the panel slides. The plate at the
front of the panel is provided with projections at its ends, against which
the fall bar when the latter is turned down bears, and lifting the said
panel releases its snugs from the ends of the ledges, and permits it to be
moved back into its receiving box to form an open fire. This part of our
Invention is illustrated in connection with the kitchen range represented
in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, and a plan and end elevation of the sliding
fire panel is represented detached in Figure 9. q is the sliding fire panel
working between the hobs, and capable of being pushed into or drawn
out of the receptacle or box s at the back of the grate; v, v, are the ledges
on which the panel slides. At the front of the panel q is a plate ŕ at
right angles thereto. This plate with the panel 9 effectually closes
the top of the grate, and permits an open drop bar t to be used.
When the panel 9 is in the position represented in Figures 1, 2, and 4 it
closes the top of the grate and forms a close fire, the flame and heated air

page_text: b
from the grate 6 passing down the vertical flue u at the back of the grate.
The panel is fixed in the position represented in Figures 1, 2, and 4
by the snugs, 73, on the end of the panel dropping into or engaging
with the ends ³, o³, of the ledges v, v, upon which the panel slides.
On the ends of the plate r of the panel q are projections w, w, best
scen in the separate view, Figure 9. To enable the panel to be pushed
back into its receiving box s the snugs ³,, require to be lifted out
of the parts, v³, of the ledges v, v. This is effected by the ends t of
the fall bar t, which ends when the said fall bar is turned down bear
against the projections w of the plater and lift the said plater and
the pancl q. The snugs 73, 73, are thereby released from the ends v³, v³,
of the ledges v, v, and the inner end of the panel q is at the same time
depressed so as to permit the said panel to pass under the plate
into the receiving box s. When the panel is pushed into its
receiving box s, as represented in Figures 3 and 5, an open fire is formed,
the front plate r of the panel cutting off communication with the flue u
at the back of the grate.
Our Invention consists, fifthly, in combining with kitchen ranges a
steam generator or hot water cistern fixed by preference at the back of
the fire-place, but the said steam generator or cistern may be fixed at any
other convenient part of the kitchen range. This part of our Invention
is represented combined in the kitchen range, Figures 1 and 2. w³ is a
small boiler or cistern situated in the flue u at the back of the fire-
place b, the said boiler or cistern w³ being carried by the back plate a³.
By the passage of the flame and heated air down the flue « the water
in the boiler or cistern w' is heated. A pipe u³ communicating with a re-
servoir of water passes from the cove plate of the range and opens into the
bottom of the boiler or cistern and supplies water to the said boiler or
cistern. Another pipe y from the top of the boiler or cistern passes to
the cove plate and conveys away the steam or hot water from the said
boiler or cistern. The said pipe y is furnished with a stop-cock z. When
steam is to be produced the quantity of water admitted to the boiler or
cistern u is regulated by a stop-cock in the pipe u³, so that the water is
immediately converted into steam on entering the boiler or cistern w³.
The steam or hot water may be supplied to a bath or used for any other
purpose, such as cooking by steam. The pipe y may be furnished with
a universal joint, by means of which a second pipe may be connected to
it for conveying the steam or hot water to the article or place where it is

page_text: to be used. In place of or in addition to the boiler or cistern wo³ a small
removeable pot or vessel or cooking utensil may be inserted in the hole
in the middle of the fire-panel of the grate, the said pot, vessel, or
cooking utensil being supplied with water by a pipe, a second pipe
conveying away the steam or hot water. This part of our Invention is
illustrated in Figure 13, where a is the pot, vessel, or cooking utensil
provided with a rim b at top by which it is supported in the hole in the
fire panel; c is the pipe for supplying the vessel a with water; and d is the
pipe for conveying away the steam or hot water. The pipe c is furnished
with a stop-cock. e, e, are universal joints by means of which the inlet
and outlet pipes c, d, may readily be connected with and disconnected
from the vessel a.
Our Invention consists, sixthly, of the following improvements in
fixing kitchen ranges or arranging the flues of the said ranges:-We
so fix the range that instead of leaving flue room at the back of the
oven or ovens we place the said oven or ovens close against the back
wall, and arrange the flue so that the hot air is first carried over the
top of the oven, down one side of the oven, then under the bottom, and
next up the other side of the oven and between the fire-brick back
and back of the chimney, and then into the main flue. The hot air
passes around each oven in the way described, or the hot air is carried
down at the back of the fire-grate between two ovens or an oven and
boiler or at the back of two ovens and back flue, and passes first under
the bottom of the oven or ovens, then up the side and over the top to
the main flue. By the last described arrangement the lower part or
parts of the ovens are effectually heated. The last described arrange-
ment of the flues is illustrated in the kitchen range represented in
Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 before described, and also in the horizontal
section of the said range represented in Figure 14, and vertical transverse
section represented in Figure 15, the said section Figure 15 being taken
on the line B, B, Figure 14. When the range is used with a close fire
the heated air is conducted through the flues in the following way :-
The hot air from the fire-place b is first carried down the flue u at
the back of the grate, and passes by the side opening 3 (see Figures 2
and 3) into the flue 4 under the bottom of each of the ovens 1, 2. After
passing under the oven the hot air passes by the opening 5 (see Figure
15) into the flue 6 at the side of the oven, and entering the opening 7
passes across the top of the oven and enters the flue 8, and escapes from
the said flue 8 by openings 10, 10, (see Figures 4 and 5) in the plate 11 (see

page_text: Figure 15) to the flue above the ovens, and from thence escapes to
the chimney flue m. The course of the heated air down the back Blue u
along the bottom flue 4 of the ovens, up the side 6 of the ovens, over
the tops of the ovens, and from thence through the openings 10, 10, in
the plate 11 to the flue is indicated by arrows. In Figure 14 the
dotted arrows indicate the course of the hot air under the bottoms
of the ovens, and the continuous arrows indicate the course of the
hot air over the tops of the ovens to the back flue 8. When kitchen
ranges with close fires only are to be made we modify the last described
arrangement of flues as follows:-We lower the fire-grate, leaving
sufficient room between the top of the grate and a plate covering the
top of the fire to form a flue or channel. This flue at the top of the
grate opens into the flucs above the tops of the ovens, so that the hot
air instead of being conducted from the tops of the ovens by an opening
at the back of each of the ovens, as in Figure 14, the said hot air is
conducted by an opening in the inner side of each oven into the flue
between the closed top of the fire space and top of the grate, the hot
air from the last mentioned flue passing into the chimney flue behind
the back cove plate. The plate 11 runs from end to end of the range,
the said plate separating the flue from the flue at the back angles of
the ovens. In all cases where the opening in which the range is set is
deeper from front to back than the ovens (or oven and boiler) the
said plate 11 is extended back and let into the wall, and the top covering
or plate 11 of the range is also carried back and let into the wall, as
in the case of the plate 11. By this means the parts are made air-tight
between the ground floor and tops of the ovens or oven and boiler, and
also between the tops of the ovens or oven and boiler and the under
side of the top covering or plate 11°.
Figure 16 represents a kitchen range provided with flues arranged
according to another part of our Invention. The flues in this range
convey the hot air around the ovens 12, 13, in the manner described
with respect to Figures 10, 11, and 12, excepting that the hot air after
passing under the bottom of the oven passes to a flue at the back of
the range to the chimney flue, that is to say, the hot air from the fire
passes first over the top of each of the ovens 12, 13, next down the 3
side flue 14, then under the bottom of the oven to the back angular
flues 15 behind the fire-brick back, and from thence to the chimney
flue, as indicated by the arrows in Figure 16. By an examination of

page_text: the said Figure 16 it will be seen that the ovens are set close against the
back wall, there being no flue room at the back of the ovens.
Our Invention consists, lastly, of the following improvements in fixing
kitchen ranges. Instead of arranging the two ovens parallel to one
another as usual we place the said ovens inclined to one another at
a small angle, that is, we so incline the ovens that their back ends are
nearer together than their front ends. By this means the range is
made to occupy less room than usual, while there is room enough
between the flat back wall and the inclined back of the ovens for the
flues. Either of the arrangements of flues described in the last part
of our Invention may be applied to ranges set in this way. Or instead
of inclining the ovens in the manner described they may be inclined
to one another in the other direction, that is, instead of the back ends
of the ovens being situated nearer to each other than the front ends,
the front ends may be situated nearer to each other than the back ends.
By this arrangement a large space is left at the back of the range in
which the flues and the apparatus herein-before described or a large
boiler may be placed.
The first described way of setting the ovens at an angle is represented
in the kitchen range, Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 14, and 15 of the Drawings,
and the second described way of setting the ovens at an angle is repre-
sented in the kitchen range, Figure 16. By an examination of the
Drawings the inclined positions in which the ovens are set will be
readily seen.
The arrangement of flues described with respect to a range having
the ovens set at an angle may also be used with ranges having the ovens
set parallel in the ordinary way. By setting the ovens in the manner
represented and the arrangement of the plates 11, 11, all the ordinary
fixing in brickwork is rendered unnecessary. The cove plates of the
range instead of being fixed on the top of the hot plates or hobs as
Is usual we employ a suitable frame extending the length of the range,
having a rebate on which the cove plates and hot plates are supported.
The hot plates being thus loose fitted are moveable for cleaning or other
purpose.
Although we have represented our several improvements principally

page_text: Having now described the nature of our Invention, and the manner
in which the same is to be performed, we wish it to be understood that
we do not limit ourselves to the precise details herein described and
illustrated, as the same may be varied without departing from the nature
of our Invention; but we claim as our Invention of improvements in
kitchen ranges,―
Firstly. Giving to the moveable bottoms of the grates of kitchen
ranges a rising and falling motion by means of a vertical screw working
in a screw box connected with the moveable bottom, or by means of a
rack and pinion, substantially as hercin-before described and illustrated
in Figures 1, 2, and 3 of the accompanying Drawings.
Secondly. The combination with kitchen ranges of a loose fitted and
moveable channel or flue for carrying the heat from the oven on one
side of the grate to the other oven or boiler or sham oven on the
opposite side of the grate, the said channel or flue also serving as a
hot plate or rest, substantially as herein-before described and illustrated
in Figures 10, 11, and 12 of the accompanying Drawings.
Thirdly. The construction and arrangement of the parts of draw
plates or blowers for kitchen ranges herein-before described and
illustrated in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 of the accompanying
Drawings, whereby the draw plate or blower can at pleasure be either
used to form a close fire or an open fire to the grate, and also to regulate
the draught through the fire when an open fire is used.
Fourthly. Making the fire panels of the grates of kitchen ranges
capable of sliding and combining with the sliding fire panel a box or
receptacle at the back of the grate into which the fire panel is received
when pushed back to form an open fire, the parts being constructed and
arranged substantially as herein-before described and illustrated in
Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 9 of the accompanying Drawings.
Fifthly. Combining with kitchen ranges a small steam generator or
cistern, fixed by preference at the back of the grate, for heating water or
generating steam, as herein-before described and illustrated in Figures 1
and 2 of the accompanying Drawings.
Sixthly. Applying a pot or vessel or cooking utensil to the fire panel
of kitchen ranges for heating the contents of the said pot or vessel or
cooking utensil, or for producing hot water or steam, as herein-before
described and illustrated in Figure 13 of the accompanying Drawings.

page_text: provements in Auchen Ranges.
Seventhly. Arranging the flues of kitchen ranges substantially as
herein-before described and illustrated in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 14, 15,
and 16 of the accompanying Drawings.
Lastly. Setting the ovens of kitchen ranges inclined to one another
at a small angle, substantially as herein-before described and illustrated
in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 14, 15, and 16 of the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, we, the said William Bennett and John Currall,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Second day of April,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
seventy.
WILLIAM BENNETT. (L.S.)
Witness,
GEORGE SHAW.
JOHN CURRALL.
(L.S)