Improvements relating to the Generation and Super-heating of Steam.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 1st Feb., 1896
Complete Specification Left, 2nd Nov., 1896-Accepted, 5th Dec., 1896
Improvements relating to the Generation and Super-heating
of Steam.
I, CHARLES DENTON HOLMES, of Hull Engineering Works, Hull, in the
County of York, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention consists of improvements relating to the generation of steam, my
object being to construct and arrange in combination with the boiler or generator
simple and convenient appliances whereby a continuous supply of dry or super-
heated steam can be produced with a low consumption of coal or fuel, and utilised
with the greatest economical advantage.
In the application of my invention to a marine boiler of the ordinary return
tube type, I attach a pipe to the main stop valve on the upper side of the boiler or
at any other convenient position for the conveyance of the steam to a super-heater
fitted within the uptake. In passing through this super-heating appliance the
steam is super-heated by the heat of the gases in the uptake, and it is then
conducted to a feed water heater consisting of a metallic chest or chamber fixed
either inside or outside the boiler, and so constructed that the steam in passing
through it shall give up the whole or a portion of its super-heat to the feed water
which is preferably forced into the chamber in the form of a spray.
steam is then conveyed by means of a suitable pipe or pipes to a second super-
heating appliance fitted within the uptake, wherein it is again super-heated. From
this super-heater the steam is conveyed direct to the engines, or it may be first
passed through a second feed water heater, preferably of a tubular type, where it
gives up a portion of its super-heat, and is then led to the engines as dry or
partially super-heated steam.
The
In order to still further regulate the degree of super-heat of the steam, I provide
a branch pipe with a pass valve in order that saturated steam from the boiler
may be mixed with the super-heated steam if required before its admission to the
engines.
I make provision for the circulation of the water through the feed heater or
heaters when getting up steam within the boilers, by so arranging the donkey or
special pump, pipes, and connections, that the water shall be drawn by the pump
or pumps from the bottom of the boiler and forced through the feed heaters before
being returned to the boiler.
The feed water for the boiler is preferably first delivered from the pumps into
the tubular type feed water heater herein before referred to. From such heater the
water is conveyed to the spray or other type feed water heater, fixed either
within or without the boiler, and from thence it passes either direct to the boiler or
to a feed chest or chambers which I fix either within the uptake or smoke box
or within the interior of the boiler. The connection between the feed chest or
chambers and the interior of the boiler is formed by means of pipes or tubes
preferably arranged diagonally within the uptake or smoke box and below the
water level, through which the water passes before delivery into the boiler, the

page_text: said water tubes either communicating direct to the boiler or to a chest or plate
attached to boiler.
I sometimes employ the feed chest or chambers, and the pipes or tubes within
the uptake or smoke box, without the super-heating appliances and the feed heaters
connected therewith such as bereinbefore described, the feed water being then
forced direct from the pumps into the feed chests or chambers. When getting up
steam in a boiler fitted with my smoke box feed heater I arrange for the water to
be drawn from the lower part of the boiler and circulated through the heater;
and I sometimes employ the feed chest or chambers and connecting tubes for the
sole purpose of thus circulating the water within the boiler during its working.
I preferably so arrange the connection of the main feed pipe with the supply pipe
or pipes from the lower part of the boiler, that as the feed water is forced into the
chest or chambers it assists to draw water from the bottom of the boiler through
the supply pipes and thus to maintain a good circulation.
The super-heaters for fitting within the uptake as herein before described each
consist preferably of a box or chest having a longitudinal division plate or partition
dividing it into two compartments. The connection between such compartments
is formed by means of U or other shaped tubes through which the steam passes
and becomes super-heated by the hot gases which impinge upon the exterior of
the tubes.
The heater into which the feed water is introduced in the form of a spray,
consists preferably of a wrought iron or steel chest or chamber fitted with a
perforated plate or cylinder within which the water is forced as a spray or shower
in order that it may absorb heat from the super-beated steam admitted to the
annular space surrounding the perforated plate or cylinder. The tubular heater
into which the steam is passed after its second super-heating is arranged with
internal tubes through which the steam is passed whilst the water flows over the
exterior of the same, or the steam may be caused to pass over the exterior of the
tubes and the water to circulate through them.
I sometimes dispense with the second or tubular feed heater and employ only
the spray type of apparatus, whilst in other cases I dispense with the spray type
and use only the tubular form of heater or heaters.
In order to dry or super-heat steam which has passed through one cylinder
of an engine, I convey such steam to a super-heater fixed in the uptake of the
boiler or in any other convenient position. After super-heating the steam may be
conveyed direct to the second or other cylinders of the engine, or a portion of its
super-heat may be first abstracted by causing it to pass through a feed water heater
such as hereinbefore described.
When the escaping gases passing through the uptake are at low temperature,
I effect the super-heating of the steam by causing it to pass through tubes fitted
in an apparatus suitably arranged for direct heating with a special fire, or with an
oil burning apparatus.
I adapt my invention to boilers working under a natural, or under a forced or
induced draught, and for varying types of both land and marine boilers, making
such modifications as may be necessary to suit the particular service required.
Dated this 31st day of Tonuers 1900
MARKS & CLERK,
18 Southampton Buildings, Loudon, W.C., and
13 Temple Street, Birmingham, Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements relating to the Generation and Super-heating
of Steam.
I, CHARLES DENTON HOLMES, of Hull Engineering Works, Hull, in the
County of York, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention consists of improvements relating to the generation of steam, my
object being to construct and arrange in combination with the boiler or generator
simple and convenient appliances whereby a continuous supply of dry or super-
heated steam can be produced with a low consumption of coal or fuel, and utilised
with the greatest economical advantage.
In the accompanying sheet of explanatory drawings to be hereinafter
referred to ;-
Figure 1 Sheet 1 is an end view of an ordinary marine boiler with the up-take
or smoke box casing removed, showing one method of super-heating steam and
heating feed water in accordance with my invention.
Figure 2 is a side elevation of the boiler with the smoke box casing partly
removed to show my super-heating and feed heating appliances.
Figure 3 is a plan of the boiler with my super-heating and feed heating
appliances.
On Sheet 2, Figure 4 is an end view, Figure 5 a side elevation, and Figure 6 a
plan of a boiler, each view being partly in section, with a modified form of my
improved feed water heating apparatus.
The same reference letters in the different views indicate the same parts.
In the application of my invention to a marine boiler of the ordinary return tube
type, such as shown on Sheet 1 I attach a pipe A to the stop valve B on the upper
side of the boiler or at any other convenient position for the conveyance of the
steam to a super-heater fitted within the up-take D. In passing through this
super-heating appliance C the steam is super-heated by the beat of the gases in
the up-take, and it is then conducted to a water heater consisting of a metallic
chest or chamber E fixed outside the boiler, as shown in the drawings, or in the
inside of the boiler. The interior of the chamber E is fitted with suitable tubes
arranged in any convenient manner and I preferably cause the steam to pass
through the tubes and the feed water over the exterior of the same. In passing
through the chamber E the steam gives up the whole or a portion of its super-heat
to the feed water. The steam is then conveyed by means of a suitable pipe F to
a second super-heating appliance C' fitted within the up-take, wherein it is again
super-heated.
From this super-heater C¹ the steam is conveyed direct to the
engines by way of the pipes G G¹, or it may be first passed through a second or
intermediate feed water heater, where it gives up a portion of its super-heat, and
is then led to the engines as dry or partially super-heated steam.
For the purpose of mixing wet or saturated steam from the boilers with super-
heated steam from the heater C¹, I sometimes arrange the pipe G to communicate
with the stop valve H as shown at Figure 3 and I am thus enabled to still further
regulate the degree of super-heat of the steam before its admission to the
engines.
I make provision for the circulation of the water through the feed heater or
beaters when getting up steam within the boilers, by so arranging the donkey or
special pump pipes and connections, that the water shall be drawn by the pump
or pumps from the bottom of the boiler by means of a pipe such as J Figure 2 and

page_text: forced through the feed heaters before being returned to the boiler. When a
second or intermediate feed water heater is employed as herein before described
the feed water for the boiler is preferably first delivered by the pumps from the
bot well or other supply into such feed water heater, aud is then conveyed to the
first feed water heater E. From the heater E the feed water passes either direct
to the boiler or to the lower feed chest or chamber L which I fix either within the
up-take or smoke box as shown, or within the interior of the boiler, and from
thence to the upper chests L' L. The connection between the upper feed chests
or chambers L L and the lower chest L is formed by means of pipes or tubes M
arranged preferably diagonally within the up-take or smoke box and preferably
below the water level, through which the water passes before delivery into the
boiler. The upper chests L' L' communicate direct with the boiler.
I sometimes employ the feed chests or chambers, and the pipes or tubes within
the up-take or smoke box, without the super-heating appliances and the feed heaters
connected therewith such as herein before described, the feed water being then forced
direct from the pumps into the lower feed chest or chamber L. When getting up
steam in a hoiler fitted with my smoke box feed heater consisting of the
chests L L L and pipes M, I arrange for the water to be drawn from the lower
part of the boiler by means of the pipe J and circulated through the heater: and
I sometimes employ the feed chest or chambers and connecting tubes for the sole
purpose of thus circulating the water within the boiler during its working.
I preferably so arrange the connection of the main feed pipe with the supply pipe
or pipes from the lower part of the boiler, that as the feed water is forced into the
chest or chamber L through the inlet K, Figure 2, it assists to draw water from
the bottom of the boiler through the supply pipe J as shown by the arrows and
thus to maintain a good circulation.
For the purpose of shutting off the connection with the boiler I sometimes
employ a stop valve such as (Figure 3) upon each of the chests L' and L².
The super-heaters C C' for fitting within the up-take as hereinbefore described
each consist preferably of a box or chest c having division plates or partitions
dividing it into two or more compartments. The connection between such com-
partments is formed by means of the tubes 2 through which the steam passes and
becomes super-heated by the hot gases which impinge upon the exterior of the
tubes.
I sometimes employ a feed water heater such as N as shown on Sheet 2 into
which the feed water is introduced in the form of a spray, instead of the tubular
heater E herein before described. Such heater N consists preferably of a wrought
iron or steel chest or chamber fitted with a perforated plate or cylinder N¹ within
which the water is forced as a spray or shower in order that it may absorb beat
from the super-heated steam admitted to the annular space N2 surrounding the
perforated plate or cylinder N. The tubular heater into which the steam is sume-
times passed after leaving the super-beater C' as hereinbefore described, is arranged
with internal tubes through which the steam is passed whilst the water flows over
the exterior of the same, or the steam may be caused to pass over the exterior of
the tubes and the water to circulate through them.
I sometimes dispense with the second or tubular feed heater and employ only
the spray type of apparatus, whilst in other cases I dispense with the spray type
and use only the tubular form of heater or heaters. Figures 4, 5, and 6 on Sheet 2
illustrate an arrangement in which only the spray feed beater N is employed, the
water being conveyed direct from such heater by the pipe K, (preferably passing
through the steam space of the boiler) to the feed chest L and from thence through
the smoke box beating tubes M direct into the boiler without the use of the upper
feed chests L' L' hereinbefore described.
In order to dry or super-heat steam which has passed through one cylinder of
an engine, I convey such steam to one of the afore-named super-heaters C C or to
a third super-heater fixed in the up-take of the boiler or in any other convenient
position. After such super-heating steam may be conveyed direct to the second

page_text: or other cylinders of the engine, or a portion of its super-heat may be first
abstracted by causing it to pass through a supplementary feed water heater.
When the escaping gases passing through the up-take are at a low temperature,
I effect the super-heating of the steam by causing it to pass through tubes fitted
in an apparatus suitably arranged for direct heating with a special fire, or with an
oil burning apparatus.
Instead of arranging the super-heaters within the up-take we sometimes arrange
them within the combustion chamber of a marine boiler or at the rear end of a
Lancashire or other boiler. The extent of the super-heating is in all cases
regulated before the steam is conveyed to the engines, by causing it to first pass
through feed water heaters such as hereinbefore described.
I adapt my invention to boilers working under a natural, or under a forced or
induced draught, and for varying types of both land and marine boilers, making
such modifications as may be necessary to suit the particular service required.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is ;-
1. The combination with a steam boiler or generator of super-heating and feed
water heating appliances substantially as and for the purposes described.
2. The combination with a steam boiler or generator of the super-heaters CC',
the tubular feed water heater E, and the smoke box feed water heater comprising
the chests L L L and pipes M, either with or without an intermediate feed water
heater, substantially as and for the purposes described and as illustrated.
3. In steam boilers or generators the use of a smoke box heater either with or
without super-heating appliances substantially as and for the purposes described.
4. In steam boilers or generators the arrangement of the main feed water supply
in conjunction with a pipe or pipes such as J connecting with the lower part of
the water space, substantially as and for the purposes described and as illustrated.
5. In steam boilers or generators the use of a heater such as N in which the feed
water is introduced in the form of a spray and is heated by superheated steam
substantially as described and as illustrated.
6. The combination in a steam boiler or generator of superheating appliances
and a spray feed water heater N, with a smoke box feed beating apparatus,
substantially as described and as illustrated.
7. The improved general construction and arrangement of steam super-heating
and feed water heating and circulating appliances, substantially as and for the
purposes described.
Dated this 31st day of t
MARKS & CLERK,
18 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., and
13 Temple Street, Birmingham.