IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ORDNANCE
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Lloyd Wise of 46 Lincoln's Inn Fields, in
the County of Middlesex, for an Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF ORDNANCE a communication from Charles Timothio
Maximilien Valerand De Bange, a person resident at Paris in the Republic of
France.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Lloyd Wise at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th February 1883.
WILLIAM LLOYD WISE of 46 Lincolns Inn Fields in the County of Middlesex
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ORDNANCE" (a communication from
Charles Timothie Maximilien Valerand De Bange a person resident at Paris in the
Republic of France)
By the ordinary plan of hooping ordnance only that stress tending to produce
longitudinal fracture is resisted to any sensible extent, the only longitudinal
resistance offered by the hoops or rings and tending to resist transverse fracturo
of the core being that due to friction.
Now, this invention has reference to a method of hooping designed to afford
resistance not only to longitudinal fracture but also to transverse fracture, and a
distinctive feature of the invention is the employment of hoops or rings of
bi-conical form in transverse section.
The accompanying sketch will serve to illustrate the nature of the invention.
Approximately this sketch is, as regards length, to a scale of 1/10th, the transverse
dimensions being, however, trebled, and the conicalness being increased to about
ten times what it would be in actual practice. In this particular example
a represents in section part of the core or inner tube strengthened by four rows of
hoops or rings.
The external form of the core commencing from the left is first cylindrical, then
it gradually increases its diameter, like the frustum of a cone from whose base it
gradually diminishes in diameter after the manner of a second truncated cone of
contrary direction to the first, then it again gradually increases in diameter, then

page_text: succeeds a cylindrical form up to the shoulder that forms the abutment for the
locking hoop or ring E
From this shoulder the diameter gradually decreases, and before the muzzle is
reached there is a gradual increase of diameter. The hoops or rings A. B. C. D. E.
F. G. H. I as will be seen are formed internally to fit the core or tube in such a 5
way that slipping of the hoops relatively to the core or tube is prevented towards
the breach by the second hoop B which is fixed on the tube, and towards the chase
by the locking hoop E, and, lastly, by an enlargement which terminates at the
muzzle end of the tube.
The external configuration presented by the first row of hoops, and by each 1
successive row,
when in position will be readily understood from the sketch. Also,
it will be seen that the hoops of each row are arranged to break joint with those of
the next row or rows, J., K., L; M, N, O, P, being the hoops of the second
row, Q, R, S, T, U, V, those of the third row, and X Y Z the outer hoops or rings.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Lloyd Wise in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
7th August 1883.
"
WILLIAM LLOYD WISE of 46 Lincoln's Inn Fields in the County of Middlesex
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ORDNANCE (A communication from
Charles Timothie Maximilien Valerand de Bange, a person resident at Paris, in the
Republic of France)
By the ordinary plan of hooping ordnance only that stress tending to produce
longitudinal fracture is resisted to any sensible extent, the only longitudinal
resistance offered by the hoops or rings and tending to resist transverse fracture of
the core being that due to friction
Now this invention has reference to a method of hooping designed to afford
resistance not only to longitudinal fracture but also to transverse fracture, and a
distinctive feature of the invention is the employment of hoops or rings of
bi-conical form.
Fig. 1 of the accompanying drawings represents in longitudinal section a gun
with hooping according to this invention. Fig. 2 is a half longitudinal section to
a scale of 10 as regards length, the transverse dimensions being, however trebled,
and the conicalness being increased to about ten times what it would be in actual
practice
a represents in section part of the core or inner tube strengthened by four rows
of hoops or rings. The external form of the core commencing from the left is first
cylindrical, then it gradually increases in diameter, like the frustum of a cone from
whose base it gradually diminishes in diameter after the manner of a second
truncated cone of contrary direction to the first, then it again gradually increases
in diameter, then succeeds a cylindrical form up to the shoulder that forms the
abutment for the locking hoop or ring E. From this shoulder the diameter
gradually decreases and before the muzzle is reached there is a gradual increase of
diameter. The hoops or rings A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, as will be seen are formed
internally to fit the core or tube in such a way that slipping of the hoops relatively
to the core or tube is prevented towards the breach by the second hoop B which is
fixed on the tube and towards the chase by the locking hoop E and, lastly, by the
enlargement which terminates at the muzzle end of the tube.
The external configuration presented by the first row of hoops commencing from
the left, is as follows: it is cylindrical to the middle of the first hoop A, then
widens out to the front of the second hoop B, each succeeding hoop up to the
locking hoop E has the form of two equal truncated cones united at their smaller
diameters; the locking hoop E has the form of a truncated cone with its base in
front, the chase hoops F F also have the form of two truncated cones united at
their smaller parts, but the larger parts diminish as they approach the nozzle;
lastly a projection on the hoop & serves to butt against the last hoop of the second
row, and the chase hoop H has the form of a truncated cone terminating at the
muzzle in an enlargement I.
The hoops J, KLMNOP of the second row are arranged so that they break
joint with or cover the joints of the first row, the internal configuration of the
second row corresponding to the external form of the first, thus these two rows are
connected longitudinally in a solid manner, and disjunction in one row involves
transversal rupture in the other row or in other words circumferential disconnection
of the hoops or spirals composing the latter row as the case may be according to
the method of manufacture employed. The exterior form of the second row of

page_text: hoops is very similar to that of the core or tube itself, the foremost hoop P abutting
against a shoulder in the hoop G of the first row. The third row of hoops is placed
over the second in much the same way as the first row is placed on the core, and
the hoops or rings of the fourth row X X Y Z (which embraces only limited parts
of the gun) are put on in the ordinary way.
This novel mode or system of construction presents the following advantages.
1 Union of the core or tube throughout its length with the hoops or rings that
strengthen it, and a special arrangement of the hooping of the breech, such that
supposing a transverse fracture of the tube to occur at the breech (au fosse) the
disjunction of the fractured parts will involve separation of three rows of hoops
which consequently oppose the giving way of the breech, and will, in the event of
fracture (even if they become unwound) at least prevent projection of the broken
portion of the tube.
2. Union in a longitudinal sense of the two first rows of hoops and rings in such
manner that any disjunction in one of the rows involves separation of the spirals
of the corresponding hoop of the other row. It will be evident that the above
described arrangement of biconical hooping is equally applicable to ordnance of
other kinds than the example illustrated, and that the number of rows of hoops
may be varied as required.
Having described the nature of the said invention and the manner of performing
it as communicated to me as aforesaid, I would have it understood that what is
considered to be novel and original and is therefore claimed as secured to me under
the Letters Patent first hereinbefore in part recited is ;-
1. In the manufacture of ordnance the use of bi-conical hoops or rings so applied
as to prevent both transverse and longitudinal fracture substantially as hereinabove
described.
2. The improved manufacture of ordnance wherein hoops or rings of bi-conical
form are so applied in connection with one another and with the core or tube as to
present united resistance to both transverse and longitudinal fracture substantially
as hereinabove described with reference to the drawings.
In Witness whereof I the said William Lloyd Wise have hereunto set my hand
and seal this seventh day of August in the year of Our Lord one thousand eight
hundred and eighty three
TY TYOD Ιπτα τη
TYARD WIT
W. LLOYD
ISE
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