Doors Opening Inwards.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Mar., 1887.
Complete Left, 7th June, 1887.
Complete Accepted, 8th July, 1887.
and Doors Opening Inwards.
I SAMUEL ELLIOTT of the Albert Works Newbury in the County of Berks Builder
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows :-
1
The object of my invention is to prevent the admission of wet and draught at the
bottoms of windows whether casements or sashes and doors opening inwards or
upwards whether of Glass iron or wood and also for the purpose of taking away
moisture or water accumulating by condensation or otherwise on the inside of windows
and glass doors.
In carrying out my invention I make use of two grooves of metal the one fixed to
the bottom of the window or door in a rebate and the other fixed on or let in to the
sill of the door or window whether the sill be of stone wood or other material.
These grooved bars may be of brass zinc iron or any other metal and are made with
the sides of unequal height at right angles to the bottom of the groove. The
lower bar which is of larger diameter than the upper is fixed perpendicularly by screws
into a groove or channel formed to receive it in the sill, the higher side of the bar
being on the outside or it can instead be screwed on to an ordinary sill without
forming any groove at all. This bar is perforated with holes at the bottom varying in
number according to the length of the bar and corresponding holes are bored through
the sill to carry off any water which may in any way enter the grooved bar whether by
condensation or otherwise. A lateral perforation may also be used or a small pipe to
carry off any water so entering.
The top bar as before described is of similar shape but smaller in size and is screwed
horizontally into a rebate formed on the outer edge of the underside of the bottom
rail of the door window or casement and it will then form a stop for the door window
or casement.
The edge of the higher side of this bar which is fixed on the bottom rail of the door
window or casement rests on and laps over the outer and higher edge of the bottom
bar fixed in or on the sill and forms the outside joint of the door window or casement

page_text: consequently the shorter side of the small bar touches the inside face of the lower
bar thus forming an almost water tight joint and if a little water should enter it will
drop into the bar beneath and be carried away.
The shorter and lower side of this bar is chamfered or bevelled at the point where
it comes into contact with the square edge of the rebate at the under side of the
bottom rail and thus forms a throating which will cause the water to drip into the sill
bar beneath.
For the purpose of taking away water from the inside arising from condensation
or otherwise I cause a horizontal groove to be made along the top side of the bottom
rail of the sash window or casement close to the glass and a hole or holes to be hored
from such rail in a perpendicular or slanting direction to meet a corresponding hole
or holes in the bar beneath and in the case of sashes or sash bars I also cause grooves
to be made close to the glass and holes to be made to convey the moisture down to the
bottom rail and into the sill bar beneath. The bar is perforated with corresponding
holes on the top or longer side and by this means the water passes into the metal bar
and thence through the sill beneath to the exterior.
The method of using the invention by screwing on instead of letting in the lower
bar is particularly applicable to existing doors casements and sashes and for taking
away moisture collecting on the inside of windows or casements by condensation
or from the melting of frozen vapours.
1 SAMUEL ELLIOTT of the Albert Works Newbury in the County of Berks do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:—
The object of my invention is to prevent the admission of wet and draught at the
bottoms of windows whether casements or sashes and doors opening inwards or
upwards whether of glass iron or wood and also for the purpose of taking away water
or moisture accumulating by condensation the melting of frozen vapours or otherwise
on the inside of windows and glass doors.

page_text: In carrying out my invention I made use of two hollow bars or open troughs of
metal the one fixed on or let in to the sill of the door or window, whether the sill be of
stone wood or other material and the other fixed to the bottom of the door or window
and the two forming when closed air chambers which are almost watertight.
These hollow bars or troughs may be made of brass zinc iron or any other metal the
sides are of unequal height and preferably for simplicity I make them rectangular.
The lower bar which is of larger diameter than the upper is fixed in air upright or
vertical position into a groove or rebate formed to receive it in the sill of the door
or window along which it extends the whole length the highest side of the bar being
on the outside or it can instead be secured on to an ordinary sill without forming any
groove at all. This bar is perforated with holes at the bottom varying in number
according to the length of the bar and corresponding holes are bored through the sill
to carry off any water which may in any way enter the hollow bar. A lateral
perforation may also be used or a small pipe to carry any water so entering and in the
case of windows or doors at a distance from the ground this pipe may if necessary
extend beyond the surface of the Wall to prevent water running down the face of
the Wall.
The upper bar is smaller in size and of somewhat similar shape but with the sides
not so unequal in height-It is not fixed in an upright position but sideways or
horizontally with the longer side uppermost into a rebate formed on the outer edge of
the underside of the bottom rail of the door or window and it will then form a stop
for the door or casement.
The edge of the higher side of the upper bar which is fixed on the bottom rail of
the door or window rests on and laps over the outer and higher edge of the bottom
bar fixed in or on the sill and forms the outside joint of the door or window and having
both faces where they come into contact being made as true as possible it leaves but
a very slight aperture through which wet or draught can enter-The shorter side of
the small bar also touches the inside face of the lower bar thus forming by the
closeness of the fitting of these two points and the resistance of the air in the hollow
bars which form air chambers an almost watertight and draught-tight joint and if a
little water should by any means find its way into the aperture it will drop into the
lower bar and he carried away outside-When the bars are made rectangular the
shorter and lower side of the upper bar is chamfered or bevelled at the point where it
comes into contact with the square edge of the rebate at the underside of the bottom
rail and thus forms a throating which will cause any water coming into the upper bar
to drip into the lower or sill bar beneath.
For the purpose of taking away from the inside of glass doors or windows water
arising from condensation the melting of frozen vapours or otherwise I cause a
horizontal groove to be made along the top of the bottom rail of the door or window
close to the glass and a hole or holes to be bored from such rail in a perpendicular or
diagonal direction to meet a corresponding hole or holes in the upper side of the
metal bar beneath and in the case of sashes with sash bars I also cause grooves to be
made in the sash bars close to the glass and holes to be made to convey the moisture
through the sash bar and into the groove in the bottom rail and by this means the
water from the glass passes into the metal bar and thence through the sill beneath to
the exterior in the manner before described.
The method of using the invention by screwing on to the sill instead of letting into
the lower bar is particularly applicable to existing doors or windows both for the
prevention of the entrance of wet or draught and for taking away moisture collecting
on the inside and for such doors or windows the rebate can be formed in the bottom
of the door or window by screwing on a fillet or bead-And in order that my invention
may be fully understood and readily carried into effect I will proceed to describe the
accompanying sheet of Drawings reference being had to the figures and letters
marked thereon.
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation shewing the invention as applied to external doors
and French Casements and shewing the door or casement closed.
Figure 2 is a similar sectional elevation shewing the door or casement open.

page_text: Figures 3 and 4 are corresponding sectional elevations shewing the inventions as
applied to window casements opening inward-figure 3 shewing the window closed
and figure 4 open.
Figure 5 is a corresponding sectional elevation shewing the method of using the
invention by screwing on to the sill instead of letting in the lower bar and shewing
the window closed.
Similar letters refer to similar parts throughout the several figures.
In all the figures a, is the lower bar screwed into a groove cut in the sill of an
external door or French Casement as in figures 1 and 2 or partly let in to the sill of a
sash casement as in figures 3 and 4 or fixed on to the sill as in figures 5 and 6.
b, is the upper or smaller bar shewing the bevelled point at c forming the drip or
throating.
d, is the point where the higher side of the upper bar laps over the outer and higher
edge of the bottom bar.
e, is the point where the inner face of the longer side of the lower bar touches the
edge of the shorter side of the upper bar and any water which may in any way enter
the bar whether from the outside through the aperture, d, or from condensation
runs by the point e, into the bottom bar a, and thence through the channel for through
the pipe whichever may be used to the outside of the building. The water channel
is cut through the sill to a corresponding hole in the bottom bar a, The groove at
the top of the bottom rail of the sash or casement in which the invention is used for
the purpose of taking away the water arising from condensation or the melting of
frozen vapours is shown at the letter g, and the hole through such bottom rail to
convey this water into the bar b, is shewn by the letter h.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is.
1. The combination and arrangement of parts forming the improved water bars
substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore described and shewn in the
accompanying Drawings.
2. The arrangement of two hollow metal bars or open troughs the one fixed
vertically the other horizontally and fitting on each other in such a manner as to form
air chambers and with a channel for the conveying away of any water which may
enter substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore described with reference to
the accompanying Drawings.
Dated this 7th day of June 1887