IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLING MILLS
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki, of the Firm of
J. Brandt and G. W. von Nawrocki, Patent Agents, of 124, Leipzigerstrasse,
Berlin, in the Empire of Germany, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN ROLLING MILLS." A communication from Julius Schmidt, of the Firm of
Schmidt Brothers, of Schwelm, Westphalia, in the Empire of Germany.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Gerard Wenzeslaus von
Nawrocki at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th September
1880.
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI, of the Firm of J. Brandt and G. W. von
Nawrocki, Patent Agents, of 124, Leipzigerstrasse, Berlin, in the Empire of
Germany. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLING MILLS." A communication from Julius
Schmidt, of the Firm of Schmidt Brothers, of Schwelm, Westphalia, in the Empire
of Germany.
This Invention relates to the cold rolling of wire or fine iron by means of small
rollers with semi-hexagonal grooves forming a hexagonal section. The application
of the hexagonal grooves has the advantage that the wire or fine iron is always
under a central pressure, the structure of the metal will not alter, and the formation
of seams is avoided.
Each pair of rollers is carried in little bearings fixed on a standard. All standards
rest on a foundation plate, which at the same time carries the main standards on
which the plummer blocks for the driving shafts are fixed. The latter serve for
the motion of the rollers; the train of wheels is so arranged as to obtain such
speed and direction of motion that the wire will pass through the rollers first one
way and then the other, or alternately forwards and backwards.
In the first set of rolls, therefore, the top shaft moves the top roller, the bottom
shaft the bottom roller, while in the second set the top shaft moves the bottom
roller and the bottom shaft the top roller.
The relation of speed of the spur wheels is arranged according to the stretching
of the wire. This arrangement of the transmission of motion enables the application
of very small rollers, which has not been possible in rolling mills used to the
present, because the top roller has always been moved by the bottom one or
evice versa.

page_text: The driving shafts receive their proper speed by an arrangement from the main
shafting.
It is very essential to arrange the number of revolutions of the shafts and the
relation of speed of the spur wheels in such a way that the speed of the periphery
of the top and bottom rollers is as nearly as possible the same; if such is not the
case the roller which moves quicker will slip over the wire, and, therefore, be used
excessively and require more power.
The rollers consist of small cylinders made of steel, hard cast iron, or any other
suitable material; a number of grooves are turned on their periphery.
These rollers are fixed on short shafts, which, on one end, as far as the shaft rests
in the bearing, is so much stronger that the roller finds sufficient hold, while a bush
is slipped over the other end and fixed there with a wedge.
These short shafts are provided with a hexagonal or square boss, which fits in
the roller, so that the latter must follow the motion of the shaft.
The bearings, and therefore the rollers, can by means of the wedges be shifted so
that the grooves of the top and bottom roller correspond exactly together.
Instead of arranging the rollers side by side they can be placed one behind the
other, the separate rollers can also be moved by means of pullies instead of spur
wheels.
A channel is formed in the base plate for the running off of the water which has
been used for cooling..

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 8th March 1881.
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI, of the Firm of J. Brandt and G. W. von
Nawrocki, Patent Agent, of 124, Leipzigerstrasse, Berlin, in the Empiro of
Germany. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLING MILLS." A communication from Julius
Schmidt, of the Firm of Schmidt Brothers, of Schwelm, Westphalia, in the Empiro
of Germany.
This Invention relates to the cold rolling of wire or fine iron by means of small
rollers with semi-hexagonal grooves forming a hexagonal section. The application
of the hexagonal grooves has the advantage that the wire or fine iron is always
under a central pressure, the structure of the metal will not alter, and the formation
of seams is avoided. The rolling mill designed for this purposo is shown in annexed
Drawing, in which Fig. 1 is a side elevation, partly in section; Fig. 2 a plan,
and Fig. 3 an end view, while the remaining Figures show the construction of
details. Each pair of rollers a, b, is carried in little bearings fixed on a stand A.
All stands A rests on a foundation plate B, which at the same time carries the main
standards D, on which the plummer box for the two shafts & and fare fixed. The
latter serve for the motion of the rollers a, b, as shown in Fig. 1. The train of
wheels is so arranged as to obtain such a speed and direction of motion that the
wire will pass through the rollers, as indicated in Figure 2, first one way and then
the other, or alternately forwards and backwards. In the first set of rollers (I.), the
top roller is moved by the top shaft and the bottom roller by the bottom shaft,
while in the 2nd set the top shaft moves the bottom roller, and the bottom shaft
the top roller, and so on in alternation. The relation of speed of the spur wheels
is arranged according to the stretching of the wire. This arrangement of gearing
enables the application of very small rollers, which has not been possible in rolling
mills hitherto used, because the top roller has always been moved by the bottom
one, or vice-versa. The driving shafts d and f receive their motion by suitable
gearing from the main shafting. It is very essential to arrange the number of
revolutions of the shafts and the relation of speed of the spur wheels in such a way
that the speed of the periphery of the top and bottom rolls is as nearly as possible
the same; if such is not the case the roller which moves quicker will slip over the
wire, and, therefore, be used excessively and require more power. The rollers a
and b consist of small cylinders made of steel, chilled cast iron, or any other suitable
material; a number of grooves are turned in the periphery. These rollers are fixed
on short shafts g, which on one end, as far as the shaft rests in the boaring, is so
much stronger that the roller finds sufficient hold, while a bush is slipped over the
other end and fixed there with a wedge. The shafts g are at i provided with a
hexagonal or square boss which fits in the roller so that the latter must follow the
motion of the shaft. The bearings m, Fig. 2, and therefore the rollers, can by
means of the wedges L, Fig. 2, be shifted so that the grooves of the top and
bottom roller correspond exactly with each other. When rolling, all grooves on the
right are first used, until worn out, then the next, and so on. It is most
advantageous to use round rods; if d, Fig. 4, is the diameter of the rod the first
groove will have the width d; if now a circle is struck with d as diameter, and a
regular hexagon inscribed in this circle, then the height d of this hexagon gives the
diameter of the circle in which the hexagon for roller II. is to be inscribed, and so
on, as indicated in Fig. 4. By this means an alteration of the structure is almost
completely avoided. If such is not particularly desired, a set of more flat hexagonal
grooves is turned into the rolls, so that the next set of rollers stretches so much
more as the height d is less. To prevent the formation of too sharp edges on the

page_text: wire at a, a, whereby some alteration of structure would be caused in the following
rollers, the grooves are made sufficiently large that they cannot be completely filled
in this direction, and the edges of the wire become somewhat rounded (b, b). If
the stretching were carried to the utmost limit, the latter could easily be exceeded
by insufficiently screwing up the fore rollers or by the wearing of the same, so that
the sides of the wire would obtain seams, which are absolutely avoided by the
arrangement described. For making round wire all the corners of the last groove
but one are broken and the wire made to pass subsequently through a round
groove, which completes the rolling only as far as is necessary to finish the rounding
of the wire. Flat or square wire is preferably passed through the rollers illustrated
by Fig. 5. By these rollers the thickness may be considerably reduced, the
wire being prevented from escaping towards the sides. It is evident that the shape
and dimensions of the grooves depend entirely on the section of the wire to be
produced. The indirect driving of rollers, analogous to that described for ordinary
rolls, may also be applied to universal rolling mills provided with side rollers, as 1
illustrated by Figs. 6 to 8. Instead of arranging the rollers side by side they can
be placed one behind the other; the different rollers can also be moved by means of
pulleys instead of spur wheels. A channel is formed in the base plate for the exit
of the water which has been used for cooling. The number of rollers can, of course,
he-arranged at pleasure
-1.-The manner described of rolling wire or fine iron cold by means of hexagon
rollers, as illustrated by Fig. 4.
2. The indirect driving of the rollers by means of two shafts provided with spur
wheels or pullies in such a way that the direct transmission of motion between 5
top and bottom roller is avoided, and the application of small rollers is made
possible.
-
3. The application of the mode of driving described in claim 2 for universal
rolling mills with side rollers, Figs. 6 to 8, for the manufacture of specially
shaped wire or iron.
4. The arrangement of the rolls shown in Fig. 5 for rolling flat sections.
In witness whereof, I, the said Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Fifth day of March, A.D. 1881.
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI. (L.S.)