IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR OBTAIN- ING MOTIVE POWER."
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Heinson Huch, and Francis Windhausen, of
Brunswick, for the Invention of " IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR OBTAIN-
ING MOTIVE POWER."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Heinson Hucli
and Francis Windhausen at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 10th October 1864.
We, EDWARD HEINSON, HUCH, and FRANCIS WINDHAUSEN, of Brunswick, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER," to be as follows:-
. This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for obtaining
motive power, and consists in an improved construction of engine to be worked
by heated gases or, vapours. The engine is composed as is usual of a cylinder
having a piston working to and fro within it, and the engine is so arranged
that when the piston rises heated gases are drawn into the cylinder and when
the piston descends the gases in the cylinder pass to a condenser, and are
thereby condensed, and the condensed gases are from thence drawn out by an
air pump. In order that the cylinder may be protected from the heated gases
the sides of the cylinder are surrounded by a jacket filled with water, the
bottom of the cylinder is for the same purpose covered by a casing filled with
water, the pipe through which the heated gases are led to the cylinder rises up
through this casing, and this pipe is also thereby protected, the times at which

page_text: the heated gases are admitted into the cylinder are governed by a tap or valve
on this pipe, and the plug of the tap is made hollow in order that water may
pass through it, the pipe that-leads-up to this-tap is lined with fire-clay. In
order to protect the under side of-the-piston-from-the-action-of-the-gasės,-the
piston has connected to its under side a protecting shield of iron plate, this
shield is formed of a plate nearly covering the under side of the piston, and
from around the edges of this plate a cylinder of sheet metal descends into an
annular space formed between the sides of the cylinder and the hollow water
casing which nearly covers the bottom of the cylinder; this casing rises up into
the cylinder to a height equal to the length of the stroke of the piston. Steam
or-air-is at-each movement of the piston introduced as herein-after described
into this space, and into a space between the top of the shield and the bottom
of the piston, and the shield of-the piston is thereby protected. Heated gases
are alternately introduced into and allowed to escape from the cylinder through
the cock or tap above-mentioned by causing the plug of the tap to oscillate to
and fro so as alternately to open a communication between the source from
which the heated gases are obtained and the cylinder, and then to close this
communication, and open a communication between the cylinder and the
passage to the condenser. The gases as they leave the cylinder are by pre-
ference caused to pass through the tubes of a steam boiler before entering the
condenser; condensers of any suitable construction may be employed, but we
prefer to employ a cylindrical condenser that is surrounded by the steam boiler
above-mentioned, the steam boiler being of an annular form in cross section.
Within the condenser are placed a number of shelves or trays on to which the
condensing water is caused to fall in succession, the water being introduced into
the condenser at its upper end, the alternate shelves of the condenser being for
this purpose made to occupy the space in the centre of the, condenser, and the
other shelves being formed around the sides of the condenser: The con-
dénsing water and the condensed gases are drawn away from the bottom of the
condenser by an air pump. On the upper side of the piston that works in the
cylinder is a trunk working through suitable packing in the top of the cylinder,
and into the annular space between the trunk and the sides' of the cylinder
steam produced in the steam boiler and in the water spaces above mentioned
is allowed to enter, when the piston descends and so aids. in forcing down
the piston; on the ascent of the piston a communication is opened through
the piston; to allow the steam to pass through it into the space between the
sides of the cylinder and the shield carried by the bottom of the piston, and so
as above stated keeps the piston and shield from being injured by the. heated
gases. A connecting rod passes up from the top of the piston through the trunk

page_text: to a crank on the main shaft and so gives motion to this shaft, and from the
main shaft the air pump and valves before mentioned derive their respective
motions. In cases where the heated gases as they come from the cylinder
would not be sufficiently heated to be. used advantageously for producing steam
before passing to the condenser, the steam boiler before mentioned is not em-
ployed, neither are the water casings necessary, the cylinder may then be left
open at the top; and in order to keep the cylinder and piston cool, air is allowed
to pass through the opening, before mentioned, in the piston into the space
around the shield of the piston, in place of allowing steam so to pass through
the opening as before explained. In place of the top of the cylinder being left
open, as above mentioned, the top of the cylinder may be made to act as tho
air pump, the piston and its shield may then be kept cool by jets of water
being at the ascent of the piston, forced against the screen carried on its under
side, and the sides of, the cylinder kept cool by water resting on the top of the
piston.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Edward Heinson Huch, and Francis Windhausen in the Great
'Seal Patent Office on the 10th April 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, EDWARD
HEINSON HUCH and FRANCIS WINDHAUSEN, of Brunswick, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Tenth day of October, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-eighth year of IIér.reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
Edward Heinson Huch, and Francis Windhausen, Her special licence that
we, the said Edward Heinson Huch, and Francis Windhausen, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, tlie said Edward Heinson
Huch, and Francis Windhausen, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and' at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for" IMPROVE-
:MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER," upon the condition (amongst
others) that we, the said Edward Heinson Huch, and Francis Windhausen,
our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our or
their hands and seals, or under the land and scal, of one of us or them, should

page_text: particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said. Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in
the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the sail Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Edward Heinson Huch and Francis
Windhausen, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be. performed, to be particularly described-and
ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for obtaining
motive power, and consists in an improved construction of engine to be worked
by heated-gases or vapours. The engine is composed, as-is-usual,-of-a-cylinder
having a piston working to and fro within it, and the engine is so arranged
that when the piston rises heated gases are drawn into the cylinder, and when
the piston descends the gases in the cylinder pass to a condenser, and are
thereby condensed, and the condensed gases are from thence drawn out by an
air pump. In order that the cylinder may be protected from the heated gases
the sides of the cylinder are surrounded by a jacket filled with water; the
bottom of the cylinder is for the same purpose covered by a casing filled with
water, the pipe through which the heated gases are led to the cylinder rises
through this casing, and this pipe is also thereby protected, the times at which
the heated gases are admitted into the cylinder are governed by a tap or valve
on this pipe, and the plug of the tap is made hollow in order that water may
pass through it; the pipe that leads up to this tap is lined with fire-clay. In
order to protect the under side of the piston from the action of the gases, the
piston has connected to its under side a protecting shield of iron plate; this
shield is formed of a plate nearly covering the under side of the piston, and
from around the edges of this plate a cylinder of sheet metal descends into an
annular space formed between the sides of the cylinder and the hollow water
casing which nearly covers the bottom of the cylinder; this casing rises up
into the cylinder to a height equal to the length of the stroke of the piston.
Steam or.air.is at each movement of the piston introduced, as herein-after
described, into this space, and into a space between the top of the shield and
the bottom of the piston, and the shield of the piston is thereby protected.
Heated gases are alternately introduced into and allowed to escape from the
cylinder through the cock or tap above mentioned, by causing the plug of the
tap to oscillate to and fro, so as alternately to open a communication between
the source from which the heated gases are obtained and the cylinder, and
then to close this. communication and open a communication between the
.cylinder and the passage to the condenser. The gases as they leave-the

page_text: cylinder are by preference caused to pass through the tubes of a steam boiler
before entering the condenser; condensers of any suitable construction may
be employed, but we prefer to employ a cylindrical condenser that is sur-
rounded by the steam boiler above mentioned, the steam boiler being of an
annular form in cross section. Within the condenser are placed a number of
shelves or trays, on to which the condensing water is caused to fall in
succession, the water being introduced into the condenser at its upper end,
the alternate shelves of the condenser being for this purpose made, to occupy.
the space in the centre of the condenser, and the other shelves being formed:
around the sides of the condenser. The condensing water and the condensed
gases are drawn away from the bottom of the condenser by an air pump. On,
the upper side of the piston that works in the cylinder is a trunk working
through suitable packing in the top of the cylinder, and into the annular space.
between the trunk and the sides of the cylinder steam produced in the steam.
boiler and in the water spaces above mentioned is allowed to enter, when the
piston descends and so aids in forcing down the piston; on the ascent of tlio;
piston a communication is opened through the piston to allow the steam to.
pass through it into the space between the sides of the cylinder and the shield,
carried by the bottom of the piston, and so as above stated keeps the piston
and shield from being injured by the heated gases: A connecting rod passes.
up from the top of the piston through the trunk to a crank on the main shaft,:
and so gives motion to this shaft, and from the main shaft the air pump and!
valyes before mentioned derive their respective motions. In cases' where the
heated gases as they come from the cylinder would not be sufficiently heated.
to be used advantageously for producing steam before passing to the condenser,.
the steam boiler before mentioned is not employed, neither are the water
casings necessary, the cylinder may then be left open at the top in order to
keep the cylinder and piston cool, air is allowed to pass through, the opening,.
before mentioned, in the piston into the space around the shield of the piston
in place of allowing steam so to pass through the opening, as before explained..
In place of the top of the cylinder being left open, as above mentioned, the.
top of the cylinder may be made to act as the air pump; the piston and its
shield may then be kept cool by jets of water being at the ascent of the piston
forced against the screen carried on its under side, and the sides of the cylinder
kept cool by water resting on the top of the piston.

page_text: ments-of-the machine.
I-Machine-with-Inside-Working-Piston Fig-1-is-a-vertical-section-
through the axis of apparatus; Fig. 2, a side view and a vertical -section-
through the hot air cylinder A. In Fig. 1, A designs the section through the
axis of the working cylinder; B, the section through the vertical axis of the
condenser; and C, that of the air pump; D signifies the fly-wheel shaft, crank,
and pulley. The whole is joint-by-the frames E-and the foundation plate F,
ánd screws, bolts, and rivets. The inner capacities of the working cylinder A
of the condenser B, and of the air pump C are in communication by the
channels and pipes T, P, Q, (Figures 1 & 2).
nately formed and interrupted by the distributing
But still the air pump C may be put in communication with the outer
atmosphere by the channel Q, and the valve R₁. The capacities underneath
the piston of the hot air cylinder may be put periodically in communication
with that heating apparatus from which the machine receives its heated gases.
by the channels T and O.
This communication is alter-
apparatus H and the valve R.
The heating apparatus from which the gases may be produced could be,
1°. A stove constructed exclusively for that purpose, from which the hot
gases are coming into the working cylinder either directly or pass before they
arrive into the cylinder through a rain of water or over a cooling surface of
water, to clean the gases of impurities.
2°. Each other heating apparatus may provide those gases if only the
quantity of gases produced and their temperature is sufficient for the efficient
working of the machine.
3° Steam engines, cooking stoves, evaporating pans, kilns, and so on, the
hot gases of which escaping useless into the atmosphere, may be made useful
in our engine.
The hot gases are going during. the piston is moving onward into the
working cylinder A. During this time the distributing apparatus H has
opened the way from the heating apparatus to the inner capacity of the
cylinder. When the piston goes back or down the distributing apparatus H
shuts the way of the hot gases coming from the heating apparatus, and opens
the entrance of the condenser so that no more hot gases can come into the
working cylinder, and the gases being in the cylinder may have. free access
into the condenser. This condenser is a cylindrical capacity B, which is
surrounded by a tubular boiler B₁. The gases go next into the annular
capacity P₁, which is protected by fire-bricks. From there they pass through
the-tubular-boiler-B-and-move-on-according to-the-darts -1,2,3,4-through-

page_text: a rain of water falling down over the annular basins and plates V and V₁.
During the entrance of the gases of the working cylinder into the condenser,
the working piston is going down, and because the piston of. the air pump is'
going up the cooled gases and the water resulting of condensation of steam'
are aspirated consequently, and the action of the piston is then renewed. The'
water necessary for the cooling is aspirated through the pipe U, and its quantity
is régulated by the cock U. The water may also be brought into the
condenser by a feeding pump kept in motion by the engine. The steam:
formed in the tubular boiler B₁, and in the capacity surrounding the cylinder,
baving a pressure of one atmosphere or more, is led through the pipe N to the
distributing valve N₁. When the piston goes down, this steam passes through
the opening Ng, and fills the capacity A, left, by the hollow piston rod or the
trunk. in the upper part of the cylinder. When the piston G moves onward'
the opening N, is covered by the slide valve N₁. The steam contained in the
capacity A, goes through the channel M2, which is in this moment left open by
the piston M, into the lower part of the cylinder underneath the piston;
according to the darts 1, 2. Here this steam is mixed with the gases of
combustion. This steam can give a little moisture for the inner sides of the
cylinder, and serves as a kind of grease. To protect those parts which are
exposed to a great temperature they are surrounded by water and steam
formed of that water; so the cylinder is made of double barrel, or has a
jacket, and the bottom of the cylinder is hollow, so that the channels O₁, T, P₂,
may be surrounded by water. All those capacities are in communication'
together and with the tubular boiler B, by means of the pipes A, T, and H
so as to allow to all steam formed in the different parts to unite in the tubular
boiler B, from whence it is admitted into the cylinder periodically, as, described'
before. To keep hot the gases in the cylinder, and to protect the piston and
the cylinder from too great a degree of heat, there is fixed underneath the
piston a sort of shield or screen, which we call in our description the shield G.,
and the inner side of the bottom of the cylinder is covered with fire-bricks.
The distributing slide tap His hollow, and to keep it cool it is filled with
water, and this water is put into communication with the water in the other
capacities by the pipe Has is to be seen in Fig. 2. The regular motion of the
distributing slide tap. H, the distributing piston M₁, and the distributing slide:
valve N, is effected by the centre crank H,, the angular lever H.; and the
rod H₁, and by the excentric fixed on the main crank pin as is to be seen in²
the Drawing.
The air pump is single acting, and its piston is packed in any known
manner, in our Drawing for instance, with leather. The communication of:

page_text: the air pump with the atmosphere or with the condenser is effected automa-
tically by the valves R and R₁. The condenser is surrounded, as we have
stated already, by a tubular-boiler,-and is put in our Drawing just between.
-cylinder-and-air-pump.-Without-altering-the-principle of construction the
condenser might be put-in any other position, and have any shape and arrange-
ment whatever if only the condenser is made well tight against the entrance.
of the outer atmosphere, and a most perfect cooling is obtained by its
arrangements.
-
In certain cases where the heat of gases is not considerable enough the
following modifications seem to be recommendable.
1°. The working cylinder is open on its upper part. The hollow piston
rod G₂ is then no more necessary, and the cylinder cover K, the distributing
apparatus N, with the pipe N are left away. On the contrary, the piston
distribution M, may be kept to admit atmospherical air during the fore stroke
of the piston through the opening M to cool the cylinder and the piston
if necessary.
2. Instead of the tubular boiler filled with water, atmospherical air may
be heated in the condenser. For this purpose the tubular boiler has openings,
on the top and on the bottom. In the upper openings, air enters, and is,
heated on the tubes, and then goes through pipes to the firing or heating from.
which the hot gases are coming, and are used in the engine,
T
3. The steam which is produced in the capacities filled up with water is:
conducted into the flue, O to be mixed with the hot gases.
In the machine which we have described we suppose to have two different
cylinders, but we could as well apply one single cylinder which is to be
working cylinder and air pump at once. For this purpose the working.
cylinder A keeps in its main parts the same forms as we have described.
The capacity under the piston G receives the hot gases, and the capacity left;
by the hollow piston rod G. serves as an air pump. The channel M, on the
contrary opens into that part of condenser, where the gases have the lowest.
temperature, and leads them over the slide valve M, from whence they are
down, into, the annular capacity A, as soon as the piston goes back or descends..
The slide valve N, keeps shut the channel N, during the time the piston is;
going onward. The cooled gases drawn into the capacity A, are compressed,
up to one atmosphere by the mounting piston, and are pushed into the atmo-.
sphere through valves which, are to be arranged for that purpose on the
cylinder cover. The channel M, is left away, but another channel opens the
way underneath the piston M₁, and has its corresponding mouth in the hollow
piston rod G. Through this channel may enter atmospherical air upon the

page_text: shield or screen of the piston, and that piston itself to cool both if necessary.
Because the gases of the condenser are always mixed with a certain quantity
of water resulting from condensing steam, this water keeps over 'the piston G,
and so cools the sides of the cylinder, so that the jacket of that cylinder may
be left away.
II. The machine with the outside working piston.--The special purpose of
this construction is to apply gases of a very high temperature.
Fig. 3 is a front view, and a vertical section of the working cylinder and
air pump, and its accessory parts; Fig. 4 is a side view of the engine, and a
vertical section of the working cylinder.
:
A is the cylinder, which is filled with water; B is a piston of a hollow
cylindrical form shut on the top; H is a circular slide valve, covered on the top
with fire-bricks, which slide valve has one or more openings by which the hot
gases go. alternately into the cylinder, and from thence into the condenser ;
T₁, K and K₁, form the mechanism which gives motion to this slide valve;
D, E, are the channels which lead the gases under the piston; P G; are the
channels which lead the gases from the piston into the condenser; L is the
connecting rod by which the motion of the piston is transmitted to the crank
and fly-wheel shaft. In the bottom end of the cylinder A is formed an
annular channel A₁. The cylinder is shut at the lower end by the bottoni A,
from which the channels E and Prise up to the top of the cylinder. Their
upper mouth is commanded by the circular slide valve H, which opens in
given times alternately the mouth of E or P, so as to give in one time access
of the hot air during a certain expansion period; and let escape in the next
back stroke of the piston the hot air into the condenser through the 'pipe
and G. This motion is effected in any one of the known manners, either by
whole rotations or only oscillations, with a greater or less number of admission
openings, which number modifies the speed of rotation. In our Drawing
we have for instance given motion to the distributing apparatus by the shaft
of the governor and toothed wheels. The valve H moves in the 'round.
plate E₁, which is cast in one piece with the pipes E and P, and shuts the
cylinder hermetically against the capacity filled with water. The lubrication of
the circular slide valve is effected on the outer circumference by the oil pipe h,"
which comes from an outside oil, receiver, and on the inner circumference it'
is effected by water coming through notches cut in the pipe which surrounds
the axle T. Instead of the slide valves which we have described, the mouth-
pieces of the pipes E and may be commanded by ordinary valves: Those
valves are fixed on rods which pass air-tight through the pipes E and P and
the bottom of the cylinder, and are put in motion by any known mechanism

page_text: fit to give to the valves the desired motion so as to command those openings.
To cool those parts (that is to say, those rods and valves), they may be
hollow and filled with water. The steam formed therein may escape through
a hole in a fit place...
The piston is composed of a hollow cylinder of double casing, which is shut
at the upper end by a double top Bi. The capacity. left. by the double casing
is filled up with material non-conducting caloric. At the lower end of the piston
is fixed the packing, which may be composed; of a felt or leather ring d, over
which is left an annular capacity destined for the grease. Besides this capacity
a similar one is left in the casing of the piston, which has the purpose to
receive the dirt which may accumulate perhaps, on the outer sido of tho
cylinder. This dirt may be taken out of openings shut up by screws. The
cooling of the packing is effected by dipping it always at the end of the piston
stroke in the annular capacity Ai. The water contained in the cylinder is
renewed in the same measure as steam is formed of it; this steam goes through
the pipe M into channel E, and with the hot gases under the piston.
The condenser is joint to the cylinder by the pipe G, and may be similar to
the one represented in Fig. 1 & 2, or the gases may go from the pipe G
through one or more tubular stoves, by means of which they may give their
heat to any other room we want to heat, and after that they may come
to the condenser to be cooled perfectly, and drawn out by the air pump, and
pushed out in the atmosphere.
: The air pump is represented in Fig. 1 and 3 in two rectangular sections.
Underneath of its piston is arranged a great number of iron sheets, which
offer to tlie entering gases, a very great cooling surface. Those sheets are
dipped always in the water which is in the lower part of the cylinder, and
the purpose thereof is to annihilate the heat which is produced at the back
stroke of the piston by the compression of the gases up again to one
atmosphere.
Work of the Engine-When the engine is to be put to work, the working
cylinder, must be sufficiently heated before. Then the condenser must be
"partially exhausted, and with those preparations 'the engine may be put
to work..

page_text: 2. We obtain the whole combination and arrangement of the construction
of the heretofore described engine.
3. We claim the manner by which we cool the sides of the cylinder, the
piston, the piston packing, and the distributing apparatus.
4. We claim the arrangement of the air pump principally intended to
annihilate the caloric which is produced in the air drawn out of the con-
denser during the period the piston of the air pump descends, and that air is
compressed up to one atmosphere to be pushed out.
5. We claim the whole arrangement of the condenser for the purpose of
cooling the gases perfectly in a particular manner as we have described, so
that the caloric taken away from them is made useful in the afore-described
manner.
We claim besides the arrangement of the whole engine, the following appli-
cations of it, by which we obtain in an economical and satisfactory manner
certain purposes.
1. We put into communication the blow-off pipe of any steam engine with
a condenser of one of our atmospheric engines, and instead of admitting steam
to that said steam engine we let enter through the steam admission pipe the
atmospherical air. Then always will be on one side of the piston of the said
steam engine the pressure of the atmosphere, and on the other the minor
pressure of the condenser, and by that difference of pressure the piston of
that steam engine will move as usually, and a certain amount of motive
power will be gained. This amount of motive power being transmitted only
from a principal machine of our system, in which of course that quantity of
air drawn into the condenser must be drawn out again, that atmospherical
engine must lose a certain amount of power because the air pump has more
work to do.
2. The atmospherical air coming from such a steam engine, and going
rapidly into the condenser, will in its way to the condenser be highly ex-
panded, and consequently its temperature being yet low, such expanding air
will lose a great deal of caloric, and in a fisting apparatus will be able to cool
fluids or gases, and serve consequently a good many purposes, because that
cooling is only an accessory effect of that said combination of the mechanisms
of a steam engine, and an engine of our system it is of course produced in a
most economical manner, and we therefore claim, the applying of that arrange-
ment for cooling purposes.
3. We claim besides the use of our partly exhausted condenser for every
purpose obtained until now by the aspirating power of a partly exhausted
space

page_text: 4. We claim. the use of our engine to supply the place of chimneys and
exhaustors of any kind.
In witness whereof, we, the said Edward Heinson Huch and Francis
Windhausen, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this 22 (Twenty-
two) day of March, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and sixty-five.