IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OB APPARATUS TO BE USED FOR THE MANUFACTURE, COLOURING, VENEERING, " AND ENAMELLING OF PAPER AND PAPER CLOTH, AND SUCH-DIAM MATERIALS.
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edwin Salt, of Darwen, in the County of Lan-
caster, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
OB APPARATUS TO BE USED FOR THE MANUFACTURE, COLOURING, VENEERING,
"
AND
ENAMELLING OF PAPER AND PAPER CLOTH, AND SUCH-DIAM MATERIALS.'
33
Sealed the 10th August 1875, and dated the 29th April 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edwin Salt at the
•
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th April 1875.
I, EDWIN SALT, of Darwen, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO BE USED FOR THE MANUFACTURE, COLORING,
VENEERING, AND ENAMELLING OF PAPER AND PAPER CLOTH, AND SUCH-LIKE-
MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its essential object the construction and
arrangement of paper-making machinery, and is intended to improve
the ordinary wire or shake machine, so that a greater variety of papers

page_text: may be made and veneered, or enamelled in color, or otherwise, or the
color on each side different; also cotton or other suitable woven material
may be united on one side or in centre of sheet, and the paper itself
feeding up to and including one drying cylinder, and a finish given to
both sides of the paper in its damp state, the wet felts working above
wire frame and vat, securing less area, and same are kept washed
thoroughly clean, thus avoiding stoppages for changing them, also the
breakage of paper, therefore giving larger production and requiring
less skilled labor; and the manner in which I accomplish this is as
follows:-
:-
1st. To produce paper continuous it is essential that the edges should
be good to avoid breakage, and to accomplish this I improve the
deckle by a fixing for carrying cross bars (by preference) having flat
cross bars on edge for lightness at the extreme end of each deckle,
and inside of pullies, under which the straps work on wire for forming
edge of paper.
Thus the pressure required on strap and wire can be
more accurately given with less liability to injure the wire, and being
lighter the wear on parts carrying them is reduced.
2nd. By using two shake or wire frames in line with cach other, and
the coucher rolls of each meeting in centre, the wet felts being carried
by rollers above the wire. The vats for the pulp are at the extreme of
each wire frame, and outside of each vat are wash box, batter, and
squeezers for preparing and cleaning felts, one box being about ninc
inches from the floor and the other on or near the floor, and over the
last-named box at a suitable height are a pair of metal press rolls with
a drying cylinder above, the cylinder and top roll being kept clean by
doctors. By preference I drive the top press roll, which gives motion,
by friction to the one below. The cylinder may also be driven in the
same way, but I prefer to drive it independently, so that any degree of
pressure may be given to the paper. Other drying cylinders and
callenders may be worked as usual for thick paper (and for ordinary
paper one of the shake frames, vat, and wash box would not be required),
or a short felt may be worked on the top press roll for thin paper.
3rd. Paper that requires sizing in the machine or colored by plastic
or pigment and enamelled will require operating on after leaving the
drying cylinders, and by preference the moisture received by this process
I dry by heated pipes and air in manner following:-The paper having

page_text: -
been sized or colored is conducted through the following drying pro-
cess At each side of machine is an endless chain band working in
grooved pulleys secured to shafts extending over the machine, one shaft
working near the floor, the other any suitable height, and a few feet in
advance so as to give the chains an incline, on which are secured a
number of laths that may have two sides covered with copper, or other
sheeting to keep them straight, the laths continuing at about one foot
apart from each other and the whole distance round outside of the chains
forming a continuous feed or paper carrier. The upper part of the feed
may have steam or heated water pipes, both above and below the lath
and chain, allowing room to work, and this portion being covered,
excepting a space at bottom and top for the paper and carrier to work
through, the covering being a protection from cold air. This drying
apparatus may be repeated and the repetition governed by the height.
used, the superficial area required being much reduced by this method.
On the paper being fed into the inlet the following arrangement is
made-Over and in front of inlet is a box that will take in a loose
lath, say, 3 inches longer than those on the feed carrier (there are
also some spare ones), the box ends having handles for convenience to
move when wanted; the box ends are secured on a shaft across a
machine, which has fixings and bearings to carry it, one side of the box
being made to slide up or down, so that when the paper gets on the feed
the box is moved by handle towards feed, and by the same movement
the box side rises and the loose lath is deposited on the paper, which is
gripped and held by the laths and carried on to the top of incline, being
dried in its course; and by arrangement the lath is lifted up and deposited
in a box, the paper going downwards through a covering for protection
from cold air, being again conveyed to the other incline, which is
repeated as often as required. I also use a fan, taking the air from the
inclined passage or other arrangement, and drive the air by fan on
to the paper in its downward course, whereby the drying will be
accelerated.
4th. The colouring is accomplished by placing a cylinder at a suitable
height, and after the drying cylinders, on which works a felt, and
also a short feeding felt, to convey the paper to the coloring felt or
roller for distributing the quantity of color required from a box on to
the paper, which continues its course on the cylinder, on which a series
or round brushes, having both a rotary and lateral motion, working on

page_text: the paper and going over cylinder or a little past by suitable arrange-
ment, and so the paper may be passed through the drying apparatus as
before described. For satin or enamelled paper after the coating color
has been affixed, as before explained, and dried, the paper is conveyed
under a duster box containing Paris white, or other required color, from
which a regulated quantity is delivered, and in its course another series
of brushes gives the enamelled finish required; the paper is then
passed through the slitter knives and cut to the required breadth, by
which operations three or more breadths are finished, hence a great
saving is gained.
5th. The Arrangement for Wire Part and Wet Felts.-The breast and
lower coucher rolls work inside wire at each extremes, with small rollers
and vacuum boxes intermediate, and the deckles carried as before named,
the pulp flowing from the vat on to the wire, and thence is conveyed
to the coucher rolls, the top coucher roll working inside of wet felt,
over wire vat, and bottom press roll, down through the wash box, batter,
and squeezers, returning over vat and wire to chouchers, and in passing
presses and takes up the paper from the wire web, and is carried by the
felt to the press rolls; the paper adhering to the top one or short felt
is carried to the drying cylinder and again taken from the press roll
(being self feeding) by and round the cylinder, having had its sides.
reversed on the polished surface of the top press roll and drying cylinder;
on each are doctors to keep them clean. This operation imparts a finish
to both sides of paper when in a damp state, and thin paper after
leaving the cylinder may be reeled off and finished.
6th. The pulp from the second va tmay be finer or coloured, and a thin
or thick flow passed on wire to coucher roll, from which it is taken up
by the wet felt to the second nip of top couchers, at which any desired
pressure may be used; thus the two sheets of paper web are pressed
together, and may be termed veneered, the sheet of paper going the
track before described, the felt returning over top of coucher roll, above
wire and vat, down to the wash box, batter, and squeezers, returning to
the couchers, making a complete circuit; and when the paper has
tracked its course over the first drying cylinder it may be fed through.
as many more cylinders as desired and finished in the usual way.
7th. On the outside of veenering vat are fixings to carry the batch or
roll of woven material for affixing to the paper, as before described (the

page_text: pieces, say, of cotton, may be batched to this roll, the ends being neatly
joined and wound on roll to any size); the end is then passed under
wash box, vat, and wire, the cloth being supported and carried by
opening rolls or flat openers and led between the bottom coucher rolls,
(which are some distance apart,) up to and through the nip of the top
couchers, at which point it is united with the paper, either internally or
on a single sheet, and tracking the course as before described.
Sth. To Supply the Vats with Pulp, and Motive Power to Machinery.-
By preference I place three stuff chests, at a suitable distance, on either
side of machine most convenient from vencering vat, extending so far
as required towards the drying cylinders, then the moving power or
engine to drive the machinery. A shaft driven by engine giving motion
to two other shafts by wheels, one being a line shaft extending to
veneering vat, from which motion is given to shakes, pumps, batters,
and strainers, by cross shafts, wheels, pullies, and straps, also motion is
given to other shafts from the line shaft for driving the agitators in
stuff chests; the second shaft from engine drives the press rolls and
first drying cylinder. On the shaft ends next to cylinder are the speed
wheels for altering the speed of machine suitable for the paper. On this
shaft are pullies driving other pullics by straps, communicating motion
to the coucher rolls, wires, and felts, also the last named shaft gives
motion to any number of drying cylinders, callenders, air drying appa-
ratus, color rolls, brushes, fan, and the other requirements for working
the machine. There are also two small regulating stuff chests, one for
the supply of cach vat, fixed close to larger chests, from which the
required supply of pulp is given by the pumps, there being pipes from
the small chests to supply each vat from suitable regulating valves to
strainers, vats, and continuous to the wire webs of machine, and by
which the paper is made.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Edwin Salt in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 29th October 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWIN
SALT, of Darwen, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria; by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of April, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the thirty-eighth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Edwin Salt, Her special licence that I, the said
Edwin Salt, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Edwin Salt, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS TO
BE USED FOR THE Manufacture, COLOURING, VENEERING, and EnamELLING OF PAPER
AND PAPER CLOTH, AND SUCH-LIKE MATERIALS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Edwin Salt, my executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edwin Salt, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
This Invention has for its essential object the construction and
arrangement of paper-making machinery, and is intended to improve the
ordinary wire or shake machine, so that a greater variety of papers may
be made and veneered or enamelled in color or otherwise, or the color

page_text: to and including one drying cylinder, and a finish is given to both sides
of the paper in its damp state, the wet felts working above wire frame,
(yet requiring less area,) and same are kept washed thoroughly clean,
thus avoiding stoppages for changing them, also the breakage of paper,
therefore giving larger production and requiring less skilled labor.
The manner in which I accomplish this is as follows :—
1st. To produce paper continuous it is essential that the edges should
be good to avoid breakage, and to accomplish this I improve the deckle
by a fixing for carrying cross bars (by preference), having flat or round
cross bars on edge for lightness at the extreme end of each deckle, and
inside of pulleys under which the straps work on wire for forming edge
of paper; thus the pressure required on strap and wire can be more
accurately given with less liability to injure the wire, and being lighter
the wear on parts carrying them is reduced.
2nd. By using two shake or wire frames in line with each other, and
the top coucher rolls of each meeting in centre, the wet felts or
substituted wires being carried by rollers above the wire. The vats for
the pulp are at the extreme of each wire frame, and outside of each vat
are wash box, batter, and squeezer, for preparing and cleaning felts, one
box being about nine inches from the floor, the other on or near the
floor, and over the last named box; at a suitable height are a pair of
metal press rolls with a drying cylinder above, the cylinder and top roll
being kept clean by doctors. By preference I drive the top press roll
which gives motion by friction to the one below. The cylinder may
also be driven in the same way, but I prefer to drive it indepentently, so
that any degree of pressure may be given to the paper, other drying
cylinders and callenders may be worked as usual for thick paper (and
for ordinary paper one of the shake frames, vat, and wash box would not
be required for their ordinary paper).
3rd. Paper that requires sizing in the machine or colored by plastic or
pigment, and enamelled will require operating on after leaving the
drying cylinders, and by preference the moisture received by this process
I dry by heated pipes and air in manner following. The paper having
been sized or colored is conducted through the following drying
process: At each side of the machine is an endless chain band working
in grooved pulleys secured to shafts extending over the machine, one
shaft working near the floor, the other any suitable height, and a few

page_text: feet in advance so as to give the chains an incline, on which are secured
a number of laths that may have two sides covered with copper or other
sheeting to keep them straight, the laths continuing at about one foot
apart from each other, and the whole distance round outside the chains
forming a continuous feed or paper carrier. The upper part of the feed
may have steam or heated water pipes both above and below the lath
and chain or in other convenient place, allowing room to work, and
this portion to be covered, except a space at bottom and top for the
paper and carrier to work through, the covering being a protection from
cold air. This drying apparatus may be repeated, and the repetition
governed by the height used, the superficial area required being much
reduced by this method. On the paper being fed into the inlet the
following arrangement is made:-Over and in front of inlet is a box
that will take in a loose lath, say three inches longer than those on the
feed carrier (there are also some spare ones), the box ends having
handles for convenience to move when wanted, such box ends being
secured on a shaft across the machine which has fixings and bearings to
carry it, one side of the box being made to slide up or down, so that
when the paper gets on the feed, the box is moved by handle towards
feed, and by the same movement the box side rises and the loose lath is
deposited on the paper, which is gripped and held by the laths and
carried to top of incline, being dried in its course, and by arrangement
the lath is lifted up and deposited in a box, the paper going downwards
through a covering for protection from cold air, being again conveyed to
the other incline when a number of inclines are used and repeated as
often as required. I also use a fan taking the air from the inclined
passage or other arrangement, and draw or force or both the air by
fan on to the paper on its downward course, whereby the drying will be
accelerated.
4th. The colouring is accomplished by placing a cylinder at a
suitable height, and after the drying cylinders on which works felt,
and also a short feeding felt to convey the paper to the colouring felt or
roller for distributing the quantity of colour required from a box on to
the paper, which continues its course on the cylinder, on which a series
of round brushes having both a rotary and lateral motion working on
the paper, and going over cylinder or a little past by suitable arrange-
ment, and the paper may be passed through the drying apparatus as
before described. For satin or enamelled paper after the coating color

page_text: has been fixed as before explained, and dried, the paper is conveyed
under a duster box containing Paris white or other required color, from
which a regulated quantity is delivered, and in its course another series
of brushes gives the enamelled finish required; the paper is then passed
through the slitter knives and cut to the required breath, by which
operations three or more breadths are finished, hence a great saving is
gained.
5th. The Arrangement for Wire Part and Wet Felts.-The breast and
lower coucher rolls work inside wire at each extreme with small rollers
and vacuum boxes intermediate, and the deckles carried as before
named, the pulp flowing from the vat on to the wire and thence con-
veyed to the coucher rolls, the top rolls working inside of wet felts, over
wire, vat, and bottom press roll, down through the wash box, batter, and
squeezers, returning over vat and wire to couchers, and in passing,
pressing, and taking up the paper from the wire web, and being carried
by the felt to the press rolls, the paper adhering to the top one is carried
to the drying cylinder, and again taken from the press roll (self-feeding)
by and round the hot cylinder, having had its sides reversed on the
polished surface of the top press roll and drying cylinder; on each are
doctors to keep them clean. This operation imparts a finish to both
sides of paper when in a damp state, and thin paper after leaving the.
cylinder may be taken off and finished.
6th. The pulp from the second vat may be colored, and a thin or
thick flow passed on wire to coucher roll, from which it is taken up by
the wet felt to the second nip of top couchers, at which any desired
pressure may be used, then the two sheets of paper, wet, are pressed
together and may be termed veneered; the sheet of paper going the
track before described, the felt returning down to the wash box, batter,
and squeezers, returning to the couchers making a complete circuit, and
when the paper has tracked its course over the first drying cylinder it
may be fed through as many more cylinders as desired, and finished in
the usual way.
7th. On the outside of vencering vat are fixings to carry the woven
material for affixing to the paper as before described (the pieces of, say,
cotton may be attached to this roll, the ends being neatly joined and
wound on roll to any size), the end is then passed under wash box, vat,
and wire, being supported and carried by opening rolls or flat openers,

page_text: and passed between the bottom coucher rolls (which are some distance
apart) up to and through the nip of the top couchers, at which it is
united with the paper either internally or in a single sheet, and tracking
the course as before described.

page_text: •
xings to carry the deckies a.
d', shake bars for supporting rolls and deckles.
e', pulleys carried by stud pins.
f, pulleys for retaining pulp in position and proper width.
The deckles a', a', are made to carry the ordinary slices for forming
thickness of paper, and also to move to suitable distance required for
width of paper. Instead of making each deckle of brass in one piece,
as usual, I make short ends and secure them to intermediate lengths of
pitch pine or other suitable material, which may be made of any suitable
length. I also move the cross bars 6º, 6º, carrying them to the extreme
ends, so as to be easier set and less dangerous to injure wire. The
pressure required on the straps for forming edge of paper by the altered
position of bars b³, b², can be more accurately given. The cross bars
62, 6, by which the deckles are carried are secured to fixings c¹, c', c¹, c¹,
at each end of bars, each fixing having adjusting screw and bolt to set
and secure the bars 6, 7, to the required height, the said fixings being
secured to the shake bars d', d'. The usual cranking of d¹, d', for
carrying the breast roll is dispensed with. The pulleys e¹, e¹, are carried
by stud pin in slot to regulate the tightness of straps that work under
the pulleys fƒ¹ƒƒ³, and give the required pressure on wire web
actuated by the adjusting screws and bolts in fixings c¹, c', c¹, c¹.
"
1
The vat and wire part A and A¹ next to the press rollers and drying
machine I reverse from the usual mode of working the shake machine.
The coucher rollers I place farthest from the press rollers and drying
cylinders. I also use a second vat and wire part B and B', as shewn
in the Drawings, the coucher rollers c, c, c¹, c', coming suitably
together.
For making thick or veneered paper and such like the endless wire
webs of each shake part run from the vats A and B towards the coucher
rollers C, C, C', C³, each going over the rollers C, C, and returning by a
downward course toward its own supply vat, and going round their
appointed breast and bearing rollers and making a continuous circuit,
the deckles for cach having their appointed position, as shewn by the:
Drawing. I also work over the said wires A' and B' endless wet felts.
7

page_text: or wire webs G and G¹ to couch and gather the paper pulp from the
lower wire webs, their course being shewn by arrows, and the paper pulp
supplied from the vats A and B to wire webs A¹ and B' going under the
coucher rollers C¹, C¹, is taken up by the felts or webs G and G³, and
in passing the nip of upper couch rolls C', C', are pressed together,
the rolls receiving, and pressure being given by the weights and
levers F, F, F¹, the paper adhering to the felt or wire web G, and
passing on and through the nip of the press rollers H and H, the felt
or wire G taking a downward course through wash box, batters J, and
squeezers K, and returning to coucher rollers, the felt or wire G going
its course, as shewn by arrows, both making a continuous circuit. The
paper adhering to the press roller H is taken through the nip of upper
press roll and drying cylinder H", when the paper is taken from
the roller H by the hot cylinder H" after going over same (thin papers
may be wound on a reel). Doctors are fixed on cylinder H" and
roller H for cleaning them.
In Fig. 3 the web of pulp is carried from coucher on to the felts,
and thence through the press rollers and drying cylinder, as previously
described.
Thick paper may be fed through any number of drying cylinders and
callender rolls from the cylinder H". The pressure required to be
actuated to the rollers and H' is given by levers, they being connected
to worms, wheels, and shafts, and worked by the hand wheels O and O'
as shewn.
The coucher rollers C¹, C¹, are provided with similar arrangements E, E,
to lift them when required.. L is a batch of cloth, paper, or other
material, and its course is shewn under wire part B', 'having opening
and bearing rollers as required, and is united with the paper at C¹, C',
taken up by the felts G and G¹, and going the course of paper previously
shewn.
And I would have it understood that the vat and wire part B and B¹
if omitted would leave a self-feeding shake machine for ordinary paper
making; also I would have it understood that the press rollers H, H',
and drying cylinder H", with or without wash box, batter, and squeezers
may be fixed to any of the present shake machine, giving the advantage
of self-feeding through press rolls and drying cylinder, as shewn in the
Drawing.

page_text: And for paper requiring, grounding, or colouring by plastic or pig-
ments I provide for in way following:-Immediately following the
drying cylinders and over callendar rollers I fix cylinder 1, colour roll 2,,
and box 3, circular brushes 4, 5, 6, 7, which have a rotary and lateral
motion, the cylinder 1 being supplied with felts 8 and 9 to feed the
paper and to form a continuous moving blanket table, and under
brushes 6 and 7 are bearing rolls to support and press the paper (carried
by the felt) sufficiently against the brushes 6, 7, to give the desired
finish, and the paper fed from callendar rolls over roll a to roll b, and
between the felts 8 and 9, the felt 8 being required for feeding the paper
and taking it forward to colour roll 2 and brushes, the roll c is effectively
borne by the paper between rollers a and b, each end of c being carried
by the arms of levers & connected by, rods e to fixings carrying colour
roll 2 and brush 4, so that if the paper between a and b is broken
the roll c drops, giving a corresponding action to the levers, by which
the roll 2 and brush 4 arc moved from the cylinder, so as not to
distribute colour on the cylinder felt when the paper is not going its
course.
There are balance weights f on the arms of levers d to regulate the
balancing arrangement that the roll e requires.
The brushes 4, 5, 6, 7, receive lateral motion from levers and shaft g
connected and worked from wheel on cylinder. Rotary motion is
given by strap from pulley j, and the colouring roll 2 from pulley / and
the paper continuing its course from the brushes down through the
covered hot-air passage m, and under the lath feeding box n to the paper
carrier o, the lath from the box w by a movement of box falls on the
paper, and going with the paper to top of feed carrier, when by a
suitable projection at each side the rod is made to leave the carrier, and
drops into the box p, the paper descending through a similar hot-air
passage as m, and repeating and repeating the inclined carrier, according
to height, as desired. These air passages by the use of a fan will be
improved, and the paper dried in its course; the paper to have a satin
or enamelled finish. The paper is brought from the last inclined paper
carrier to the rolls q, ", over which a duster box s works by a jogging
motion, which dusts the powdered material on to the rollers; and is carried
along over the roll and under the polishing brushes b¹, b¹, b¹, b¹, b¹, b¹,
by the endless felt t, the brushes rotating swiftly on the surface of paper,
which produces the satin surface as described, working under coloring
2"
8

page_text: brushes 6 and 7; I also work under the felt t and brushes b¹, b¹, b', b¹, b', b¹,
to give the desired pressure, each end having set screws under bearing
for this purpose. The paper then goes through the drawing rolls u and
slitter knives to be cut to required widths, and reeled on roller w,
the arrows shewing the course of paper, and paper requiring grounding.
only is taken from the last paper carrier to the roll u and slitters v to
the reels w.
Machine sized and air dried paper (by omitting the colouring arrange-
ment) can be sized and dried by this method.
Where colouring is not required the slitter rollers are placed in the
ordinary way.
If necessary the vats may be supplied with pulp of the same kind
or varied, say one coarse, the other fine, and also of different colours.
After the paper leaves the colour roll and brushes it descends through:
the covered air passage m, as before described, the diagonal paper
carrier o to endless chain bands working in notched flanged pulleys
carried by the shafts, as shewn above and below outside of covering, the
carrier working inside of covered protection.
Pipes for steam or hot water may be fixed under and cover the upper
part of carrier, and a fan attached by suitable troughs taking heated
air from 1' to 2', and to the other air troughs or passages in which are
guides, worked from the end to direct the current of air most suitable to
the paper.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature and
object of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed or carried out in practice, I hereby declare that I claim as
regards the general arrangement of the machinery shewn and described,
the Invention of "Improvements in Machinery or Apparatus to be Used
for the Manufacture, Colouring, Veneering, and Enamelling of Paper
and Paper Cloth, and such like Materials," substantially as the same is
herein-before described and illustrated by the accompanying Drawings,
special points in regard to the said Invention being,—
(a). The adjustment of straps to deckles a¹, securing good edges to
paper, lightness, greater safety to wire, easy alteration of either height
or length, and less wear on supports, substantially as herein-before
described, but I do not claim the pulleys f¹ or position of slices.

page_text: (b). Arrangement and working of wire parts of shake machines A'
and B as shewn and described with the felts or webs G and G¹, with the
press rollers H and H¹, and cylinder H", with their appointed wash
boxes and squeezers, either worked together or separately, substantially
as herein-before described.
(c). Arrangements for the working of cylinder and coloring roll and
brushes; also the drying arrangements, and the duster box, and
arrangement for polishing and drawing rollers and slitter knives
and reels, which will give economy of space, less waste, and larger
production, as the width of paper made by the machine can be colored
and finished in the before-named manner, substantially as hercin-before
described, but I do not claim for the use of the fan or covered, air
passage, and I do not claim or limit myself to the mere mechanical
arrangements shewn and described, except as constituent parts of my
said Invention.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edwin Salt, have hereunto set
my hand and scal, this Twenty-seventh day of October, in the
year of our Lord One thousand cight hundred and seventy-
five.
Witness,
NATHANIEL FISH,
Spring Bank View,
Over Darwen.
EDWIN SALT. (L.S.)