matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IM- PROVED SAFETY APPARATUS FOR LOCOMOTIVES AND BRAKE WAGONS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Laurence Hill at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th February
1870.
I, LAURENCE HILL, of Port Glasgow, in the County of Renfrew, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVED SAFETY APPARATUS FOR LOCOMOTIVES AND BRAKE WAGONS," to be as
follows, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object to prevent railway accidents of the
very dangerous kind which arise from locomotives running away without
the control of the drivers, or from brake wagons alone or with other
wagons or carriages getting into motion down inclines without the
control of the brakesmen..
And the Invention consists in providing locking appliances which by
means of springs or weights so dispose the proper parts when the drivers
or brakesmen are absent as to prevent the locomotive or wagon from
starting of itself. In the case of a locomotive there is applied to the
regulator handle a spring which tends to move it so as to shut off

page_text: the steam, and which acts whenever the driver leaves the position in
which he has command of the handle.
In one modification the spring is connected by a chain or link to a
hinged portion of the foot plate, and when the driver is in his place his
weight counteracts the spring and sets the regulator handle free for him
to shift it, but when he goes away from the locomotive the spring at
once shuts off the steam if not already shut off.
In other modifications a lever or bar connected to the spring is so
situated that the driver has to move it aside to get at the regulator
handle, whilst-it-returns-instantly-on-the-driver-leaving.
In the case of a brake wagon the Invention is most conveniently
applied when hydraulic brake apparatus is used, such apparatus com-
prising one or more cylinders filled with liquid, and having pistons
connected to cranks or eccentrics on the axle or axles of the wagon.
The rotation of the axles causes the liquid to be forced alternately to and
from each cylinder end through a passage controlled by a valve, and in
proportion as the valve is closed so is the flow of the liquid and con-
sequent rotation of the axles retarded. The valve is connected to a
spring or weight which tends to close it, but which is counteracted by
the weight of the brakesman on a hinged part of the platform when he
is in his place for controlling the wagon. Or a lever or bar connected
to the spring or weight may be arranged so that the brakesman has to
set it aside, but in any case the spring or weight comes into action and
closes the valve instantly on the brakesman leaving the wagon.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FANS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John George Henry Hill at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th June 1870.
I, JOHN GEORGE HENRY HILL, of Impasse de la Carue, Rouen, in the
Empire of France, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FANS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in fans. On the top
of a suitable handle I mount a frame in which wheelwork is contained.
The handle is able to turn in respect to the frame, but a ratchet and
pawl leaves it free to turn only in one direction. The handle carries
with it a toothed wheel driving another wheel at right angles to it, and
this gears with a wheel on the axis of which a coiled spring is attached
at one end. The spring is contained in a spring box, to the interior of
which the other end of the spring is attached, the spring is thus wound
up so as to tend to rotate the spring barrel by turning the handle of the
fan. There are spur teeth on the spring barrel which drive a pinion
with a spur wheel on its axis. This spur wheel drives a pinion at one
end of an axis which at its other end is carried in a rocking piece
jointed to the frame. A spring is applied to this piece, which by inclines

page_text: acts to hold the rocking piece at one or other end of the short throw
permitted to it. Near the end of the axis which thus is capable of being
rocked is a toothed wheel, and by the movement of the axis this wheel
can be put in gear with either one or the other of the two wheels on an
axis at right angles and which carries the fan surface. The rocking piece
with the bearing of the moveable axis is actuated by a turn button
mounted on the frame. When the turn button is moved a pin upon it
throws the rocking piece in one direction or the other, and so the fan
surface can be rotated either way. The turn button also by inclines at
its ends lifts a spring stop which when not so lifted locks the train of
wheels so that the rotation of the fan surface is stopped by placing the
turn button in an intermediate position.
The fan may consist of one or more wings fluted or otherwise made of
parchment, paper, gauze, feathers, or other thin material, plain, or orna-
mented with spangles, lace, beads, mirrors, or otherwise, and so formed
with and between supports that they may be folded or slided together.
The wing or wings of the fan may be attached to a solid, grooved, or
hollow rod, the end of which fastens into a small spring mortice with
release button, which is connected with the superior extremity of the
spindle of the wheel work by means of a flat elastic piece of steel. The
wings may be expanded or contracted through the action of a small bar
acting at the ends of the sticks or supports and connected with the rod,
or by other means, such as the fan sticks being bent back by means of a
spring. The rod may be supplied with a pouch or pouches, or other
recesses for a sponge or other absorbing material to retain scent, which
will be wafted by the revolution of the fan wings. The fans may be
made spiral, curved, fluted, or in any other manner.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR THE USE OF INVALIDS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Christopher Fabian Bower at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 17th November 1870.
I, CHRISTOPHER FABIAN BOWER, of No. 14, Perth Road, Stroud Green
Road, N., in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR THE USE OF INVALIDS," to
be as follows: -
The stage is four inches from the ground ("is in two parts") being
supported by four castors, in the sides of which are two uprights with a
cap at the top, thro' which passes a dwarf crutch, the rod of which is
pierced, so that when raised a thumbscrew penetrates one of the holes
which secures the crutch "the exact height required." The two parts
(when used) are secured together at the ends by two iron plates and
thumbscrews, which allows of their being adapted to and "fitting width
of chest." There is a portable "foot rest," and which is available for
the "knee" also (so that the toe will point downwards), and which at
times is very desirable, it can also be applied to "right" or
" left side,"
as may be required. Two driving wheels 22 inches diameter are secured

page_text: to a cross piece in the uprights, which renders the propelling power
" nominal."
At the end of the stage two standards are screwed in (to be used at
discretion), from which is suspended with four straps a small cane seat,
so that the patient when tired "can take rest."
It is a great consideration being in two parts, being easy for packing
and travelling, taking in and out of house, up steps, &c.; and when
not in use can be placed in the hall, taking up no more room than an
ordinary "umbrella stand." It is very light in its construction, and can
be carried by one hand.
To the afflicted, such as partially paralised, injured foot or leg, invalids
and cripples generally, must be a great public benefit, "walking" being
"rendered easy," and the price so moderate.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF CONSTRUCTING DOUBLING, THROSTLE, AND OTHER FLYERS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Wenner at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
October 1870.-A communication from abroad by Emil Wenner, of
Salerno, in Italy.
I, ALFRED WENNER, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE
OF CONSTRUCTING DOUBLING, THROSTLE, AND OTHER FLYERS," to be as follows:-
The principal point in this Invention consists in making flyers in
several distinct parts instead of in one as hitherto, and in such manner
that the 2 ends of the flyer can easily be removed and replaced by new
ones when worn out, whereby the following great advantage attending:
the making of flyers in one piece are removed, namely, that when the
thread which passes through the eye at the end of the flyer wears a deep.
groove, which it soon does, occasioning many breakages, and very often
after a short time rendering the whole flyer useless, then where my
Invention is adopted only the one part has to be renewed, whilst the
main part of the flyer will remain and be in good order for a very long
period. The several parts can be fitted together in various ways, up to

page_text: the present I have considered that this is well effected by making the
upper part with a socket in its lower portion with screw holes, and
inserting the lower part and securing the same to the upper part by a
screw, or the upper and lower parts may be lap jointed and secured by
a screw, but these details are not material as others might be substituted.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Woodcroft Hammond at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th April 1870.-A communication from abroad by Adam Charles
Girard and Maric Etienne Jules Poulain, of Paris, Empire of
France.
I, HENRY WOODCROFT HAMMOND, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON," a communication to me
from abroad by Adam Charles Girard and Marie Etienne Jules Poulain,
of Paris, Empire of France, to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to add to or combine with fossil fuel,
such as coal and coke, now used for melting iron and iron ore, those
alkaline bases or radicals that are contained in vegetable fuel or charcoal,
and which are known to produce a superior quality of metal.
Our "modus operandi" consists in causing vapours of alkaline metals,
such as sodium and potassium, the former especially, to act on the molten
or melting pig, cast iron, or bloom, so as to absorb or abstract therefrom

page_text: the major part of the metalloids contained in them, and thus to
materially improve the quality of the metal.
By one of our processes the sodium or potassium is melted and
vaporized in an iron retort between the degrees of 390° and 480°
Fahrenheit, the pressure being kept up to about 5 or 6 atmospheres, and
the vapours evolved are led or injected into the molten iron and the jet
kept on until the iron is fit for malleation or rolling. The quality of the
iron thus obtained may be varied by causing the vapours of alkaline
metals to act in the presence of or along with either a current of air or
nitrogen, or of oxyde of carbon, one or the other of these gases being
incorporated with the iron mass separate from the metallic vapours
(sodium or potassium), all the while acting simultaneously with them,
or else the said gases (air, nitrogen, or oxyde of carbon) may be made to
act on the product of the combination already obtained. By our second
process we dispense to a certain extent with the direct action of vapours
of sodium or potassium on the melted metal by adding either chloride of
sodium or carbonate of soda, or the corresponding salts of potassium and
potash, or a mixture of any of these salts to the mixture of iron ore, fuel,
and flux. The result thus obtained with coal is well worthy of remark,
since, the same as by using alkaline vapours, we impregnate the fossil coal
with those elements that are absent in its cinders or ashes and which are
known to constitute the superiority of charcoal iron.
In order to carry out the latter process the salts or mixtures of salts
above mentioned arc dissolved in a trough or receptacle placed above the
furnace, and whilst the latter is being charged the necessary quantity of
solution is dropped or let into the mass, or the fuel may be sprinkled
over or pervaded with the said solution previously to being used in the
furnace in its usual state of dryness. This sprinkling operation may also
be applied to the ore.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOTTLES OR FLASKS, AND AN IMPROVED DEVICE FOR UNCORKING SAID BOTTLES OR FLASKS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Johan Anderson Lindblad at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 17th June 1870.
I, JOHAN ANDERSON LINDBLAD, of Sheffield, in the County of York,
Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOTTLES OR FLASKS, AND AN IMPROVED
DEVICE FOR UNCORKING SAID BOTTLES OR FLASKS," to be as follows:-
The said Invention relates to improvements in bottles or flasks, and in
a device peculiarly adapted for use in connection with said bottles or
flasks, which improvements are herein-after described, reference being
had to the accompanying Drawing.
I propose to construct the bottles or flasks, which may be made of glass,
earthenware, or other suitable material, with a hollow head A placed
horizontally or at any convenient angle on the top of the neck. B; an
aperture C communicates from either end of the head A with the interior
of the bottles, as shown in Figure 1, Figures 2 and 3 being a side and
plan view of the neck of a bottle of which Figure 1 is an elevation.
The head A may be varied in size and shape to correspond with the

page_text: size and shape of the bottles or flasks for which it is used, and an
additional aperture D may be formed communicating with the interior
of the bottle, as shown in Figure 4, or the head may be closed at one end
and the top as shown in Figure 5. The corks or stoppers adapted for
use in connection with the head A when in position will lie horizontally
over the aperture E in the neck of the bottles. These heads may be
applied to bottles, flasks, and other like articles.
The device, Figure 6, for uncorking these bottles or flasks may be made
of any suitable material and convenient size for the purpose of removing
corks. It is formed with a punch or plug F at the end of the piston or
rod G. This piston is notched at one side, which is made flat for the
purpose, and said piston moves freely in the narrow part H¹ of the
frame H. The piston G is moved by the pinion I worked by the handle J,
which pinion has its bearing on the frame at H. The frame H of
the device is constructed to fit loosely over the top of the head A, so
that the punch or plug F is brought in contact with the cork, and is
prevented from passing too far by the cross bars H³, H³. Around the
piston and close to the punch or plug F is placed a movable washer F¹ of
india-rubber, cork, or felt, which when the device is being used presses
against the head of the bottle and prevents waste of the liquids. The
device or apparatus is worked by the handle J which turns the pinion I
working the movable piston G, the plug pressing against the cork and
displacing the same sufficiently to allow the passage for pouring out the
contents of the bottle or flask, or entirely removing the cork, which being
uninjured may be saved for future use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STOPPERING BOTTLES, JARS, POTS, AND ANALOGOUS RECIPIENTS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Louis de Negroni at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
April 1870.
I, JEAN LOUIS DE NEGRONI, of No. 42, Boulevart du Temple, in the
City of Paris, Captain in the French Army, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STOPPERING BOTTLES, JARS,
POTS, AND ANALOGOUS RECIPIENTS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
My Invention consists in an improved mode of stoppering for the
purpose of closing hermetically bottles, jars, pots, and other like vessels
or recipients. To carry out my Invention I fix over a metallic tube,
lined with cork or other suitable material that will enter frictionwise
the neck of the recipient a plate surrounded by a thin slip of metal
also covered with a second plate so as to form a box which I prefer to
be of a round form; two openings opposite each other are made
through these two plates, and I place between them a metallic or other
plate lined underneath or on its two sides with cork or other suitable
material, so that this plate being placed in the interior of the said
metallic box the cork closes the hole or holes. To open the stopper
I employ a pivot, axis, or hinge, and a knob for forcing out the plate

page_text: covered with cork from the interior of the box through a notch.
Instead of inserting this stopper in the recipient, the recipient itself
may be made part of the stopper and the cork covered plate only is
moveable. I can also turn the plate of cork over an excentric hole,
this rotatory motion taking place around the axis of the vessel to be 5
stoppered. In this case the hole is placed on one side and only half
the plate is covered with cork. By making half a rotation the two
holes will meet and the vessel is opened; by completing the rotation the
cork will cover the lower opening and the vessel is closed. I can also
move the upper plate covered with cork round an axis placed outside 1
the entire hole so as to uncover the hole and the edges entirely.
.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Eugene Vimeux at the Office-
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th.
April 1870.
I, EUGENE VIMEUX, of 1, Station Road, High Street, Clapham, in-
the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to such musical instruments as are generally
termed wind instruments, and has been designed in order to attain a
softening of the tone of the instrument and to cause it to sound as
mellow as a wood or a combined wood and metal musical instrument.
The Invention consists in so constructing the musical instrument that
the original bell can be removed or detached from the instrument in
order that the same may be replaced at will by a head representing the
head of some animal, bird, fish, or reptile, the same being made of metal or
of a suitable composition or material, and the tongue inside such head is
made fixed or movable if desired, which will have the effect of softening

page_text: the tone of the instrument, and will cause it to sound much more mellow
than wind musical instruments as at present constructed.
The Invention can be applied to all keyed, valved, or slide wind
musical instruments of every description.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DRYING SUGAR
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Robert Lake, of the "International
Patent Office," Southampton Buildings, London, Consulting
Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
DRYING SUGAR." -A communication from abroad by Alexander
Herbst, of Moscow, in the Empire of Russia.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said William Robert Lake
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition
and Declaration, on the 11th February 1870, pursuant to the
9th Section of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852..

page_text: This method of sugar drying effects a great saving of time and makes
the sugar clearer, because the loaves are not exposed so long a time to a
5 high temperature as is the case in the ordinary method. The loaves

page_text: dried by my improved method are also more compact than those dried
by other methods.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Robert Lake, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Eleventh day of February, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE. (L.S.)
Witness,
DAVID SEYMOUR BATCHELOR,
Clerk to Messrs. Haseltine, Lake, & Co.,
S, Southampton Buildings,
London.
AN IMPROVED HOLDER FOR CARTRIDGES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Achille Du Bled, Paul
Chenaillier, and Jean Auffret at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 12th March 1870.-A communi-
cation from Monsieur Pierre Marie Fouque, residing at Paris, in
the Empire of France.
We, ACHILLE DU BLED, of No. 24, Rue Traverse, Saint Germain,
Paris, Manufacturer, PAUL CHENAILLIER, of No. 15, Rue de Strasbourg,
Paris, Manufacturer, and JEAN AUFFRET, of No. 22, Rue Notre Dame
des Victoires, Paris, Commercial Clerk, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED HOLDER FOR CARTRIDGES," to be as
follows, that is to say :-
This Invention consists in the construction of an improved cartridge
box or holder. The cartridge box or holder is made of leather or other
suitable material of the usual form, and is divided by a partition in
which are perforated holes for the reception of the cartridges. The back
of this partition is lined with a sheet of india-rubber perforated with
holes concentric to the first holes, but smaller than the cartridge. By
this arrangement in introducing the cartridges the india-rubber yields,
and closes over them socketwise and keeps them firmly in their places
while by the application of a little force they may be removed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Augustus Huddart at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th February 1870.
I, GEORGE AUGUSTUS HUDDART, of Brynkir, in the County of
Carnarvon, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS,"
to be as follows:-
The chief object of this Invention is to provide a continuous support
for the running wheels of engines and carriages as they pass over the
spaces or gaps that necessarily occur between the joints of the rails, To
this end I so form the outer fish plate at each joint that it will extend
upwards to the head of the rails and present a bearing for the running
wheels, thus virtually bridging over the gap between the adjoining. rails.
When I use fish plates permanently fixed to instead of detachable from
the rails, according to the. Invention for which I obtained Letters Patent,
dated October 1st, 1869, the outer fish plate (which in this case forms a
side continuation of the rail, it being attached thereto by welding,
brazing, or otherwise,) is formed with a head which constitutes a bearing

page_text: surface for the wheels as they pass over the joints of the rails. When
applied to reversible rails it may be made with a double head. The
inner fish plate may be the inverse of the outer plate to allow of the rail
being reversed, or it may be similar to those proposed to be used under
my above-mentioned Patent cither with or without the addition of a
head.
Another plan of obtaining the continuous support is, when using
reversible rails to crank the ends of the adjoining rails and to trim down
or shape by forging the cranked portion of each to fit against the
unchanged section of the ends of the adjoining rails, the cranked ends
will be formed with a head to bear the pressure of the running wheels;
that portion which acts as the inner fish plate will be the reversed
counterpart of the other to render the rail reversible. A modification of
this plan will be to form the cranked portion of one end of a rail with a
double head for the support of the wheels. In that case the adjoining
cranked portion of the meeting rail will retain only the web. I thus
form a lap joint with a continuous or unbroken bearing surface. When
the rails are not reversible I so form the ends of the rails that they will
respectively clamp the foot of the meeting rail and form a support for
the foot thereof.
A further improvement consists in permanently securing by welding or
otherwise the heads of the screw bolts used for coupling up the fished
joint to one or other of the fish plates. This arrangement will ensure
a firm coupling of the parts.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CERTAIN DESCRIPTIONS OF BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Christmas Andrews at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th October 1870.
I, ALFRED CHRISTMAS ANDREWS, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Shoemaker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CERTAIN DESCRIPTIONS OF BOOTS AND SHOES," to be as
follows, that is to say :-
This Invention refers more particularly to improvements in the
manufacture of elastic boots and shoes, or such as are kept in position
when in wear by the insertion of elastic webbing in particular parts of
the uppers, and the object of the Invention is to place this elastic
webbing in such position as to obviate the evils arising from the present
modes of using it, which it is well known are great, the constant pressure
upon the ankle and instep being productive of much inconvenience, and
often injury to the wearer; with this view I insert the elastic webbing
in what is termed the button piece, a loose flap piece in which the holes
for button boots are cut, and as a fastening I employ by preference a
button furnished with a shank like a hook which engages in a staple or

page_text: eye under the button piece, thus presenting the appearance of a buttoned
boot though it is really secured by the hook and eye; other fastenings
may be used if preferred, thus it follows that by this mode of placing the
elastic all undue pressure upon the ankle or instep is prevented for the
upper is of sufficient size without the elastic to fit the foot and ankle,
and the elastic merely affords the necessary resiliency to the action of
the foot in movement and in no way binds the ankle or instep. when still,
the webbing is also thus placed where it will last very much longer. I
have thus far described the Invention in its application to boots; shoes
can be made in the same way with smaller button piece..
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robinson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th July
1870.
I, WILLIAM ROBINSON, of Old Bailey, in the City of London, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF IRON," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to two branches of the manufacture of iron,
namely, puddling and rolling, and the features of novelty consist,-
First. As regards the puddling of iron, in performing that operation
entirely by improved mechanical means instead of by manual labor as
heretofore generally practised, I am aware of various attempts having
heretofore been made to effect the above operation mechanically, but such
attempts have I believe failed in practice.
And the object sought to be attained by this Invention is to render
the operation of puddling iron by mechanical means more practicable,
simple, and certain than the means heretofore employed for that purpose
I propose to accomplish this by so constructing the puddling furnace or
some part thereof as that it shall be capable of having an oscillating,
rocking, vibratory, or undulating movement imparted thereto, so as to

page_text: throw the molten metal from end to end or side to side of the furnace,
and thus to effect in a more certain and less laborious manner than here-
tofore the agitation of the molten mass in the furnace..
As regards the second part of this Invention relating to the rolling of
iron, the improvement consists in an improved mode of arranging the
rollers for the purpose of dispensing with the necessity for reheating the
iron, as is now the case in order to reduce it to the desired guage. I
propose to accomplish this object by arranging rollers in pairs of different
guage in front of or in a straight or circular line with and near to each
other, so that as the iron passes between each pair of rollers in succession ]
it shall be gradually reduced in guage or thickness, and by the time it
has passed between the last pair of rollers it shall be reduced to the
- proper guage at one heat.
If desirable some of the pairs of rollers may be moved quicker than
the other pairs so as to draw the iron as well as roll it.
IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF TRIMMINGS, EDGINGS, RUCHINGS, PLAITING, AND OTHER SIMILAR GOODS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hesketh Hughes at the Office-
·
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
August 1870.
I, HESKETH HUGHES, of Homerton, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF TRIMMINGS, EDGINGS, RUCHINGS, PLAITING, AND
OTHER SIMILAR GOODS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to an improved manufacture of trimmings,
edgings, ruchings, plaiting, and other similar goods for attaching to
ladies' dresses, bonnets, ties, gloves, and other articles of male and female
wearing apparel, and consists in employing metal covered with a thin
fabric or not, as a back or body in lieu of a strip of woven fabric, as at
present employed. By this means goods of any pattern can be made
and retained in the majority of cases without the necessity of sewing or
gumming. The metal of a soft pliable nature I prefer to use in strips,
so that it can be folded and bent in any suitable manner to grip and
retain the fabric forming the trimming or edging between the folds..
The folds or bends may be any distance apart and of any form, and
braid, gimp, or other ornamental edging can be attached to it by sewing

page_text: or otherwise. The material thus made can be sewn or otherwise attached
to the dress or other article. In some cases the fabric is sewn on the
strip of metal before or after the folding or bending operation is performed.
The trimming, edging, ruching, plaiting, or other article when finished
can be perforated for cord or other material to be laced or passed into,
and to prevent the metal showing it may be covered in the first instance
with a thin fabric such as muslin.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON- STRUCTION OF REVOLVING COILERS APPLICABLE TO LOOMS FOR SPINNING HEMP, FLAX, AND OTHER TEXTILE MATTERS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Armand Ruiz and Edouard Le
Pelletier at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 24th June 1870.
We, ARMAND RUIZ and EDOUARD LE PELLETIER, of No. 62, Rue de
Provence, in the City of Paris, in the Empire of France, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON-
STRUCTION OF REVOLVING COILERS APPLICABLE TO LOOMS FOR SPINNING HEMP, FLAX,
AND OTHER TEXTILE MATTERS," to be as follows:-
These coilers consist of two cylinders one within the other, the inner
one being provided with small holes for the exit of any extraneous
matter, such as dust or any little impurities in the hemp or flax. In
the centre of the inner cylinder is a hollow or solid vertical shaft, and
passing over this is a similarly constructed disc on which the material to
be spun (prepared in ribbon) is placed, and is arranged round the shaft
in eccentric circles. To this disc india-rubber bands or cords are
attached, the object being that when the coiler is furnished with
material the disc is forced to the bottom, and as the matter is drawn out.
in the course of manufacture the cords contract and raise the disc on
which the substance rests. The inner cylinder is provided with four

page_text: longitudinal grooves to accommodate a like number of projections on
the disc, thus acting as guides to its ascension or descension. In lieu of
the india-rubber cords or bands a spiral spring may be used for
producing the desired effect of lifting the material. Or instead of
raising it, it may be depressed by the employment of a weighted disc
placed on its upper surface; in this case the ribbon is drawn from the
bottom of the coiler and passes thence through the vertical, and in this
case, hollow shaft or tube making its exit as before at the top or ldf
the coiler.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS FOR HEATING WATER FOR BATHS AND FOR DOMESTIC AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Nicholas Meixner
and James Watmough at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 14th May 1870.
We, FREDERICK NICHOLAS MEIXNER, Engineer, and JAMES WAT-
MOUGH, Plumber, both of the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS FOR HEATING WATER FOR BATHS AND FOR DOMESTIC
AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows
:-
Our improvements relate to such boilers as are employed for heating
water for baths and domestic uses, and which may also be used for
heating water to circulate in pipes for warming green-houses and other
buildings, and for like purposes.
Our improvements consist in the combination and arrangement of the
parts, namely, the boiler consists of two parts, a lower part having two
hollow sides or feet to rest on the brickwork on a level with the fire-
grate, which hollow sides leave a passage under the lower part of the
boiler to form a flue, and an upper part which is connected to the lower
part by a series of short vertical tubes. leaving a flue space between the

page_text: two parts. The ends of the tubes enter sockets in the two parts of the
boiler, and the joints are made by running such fusible metal round the
tubes as will melt and allow the water or steam to escape if the boiler
should become dangerously overheated. A damper is applied to the
flue part of the lower boiler, which can be regulated by a rod, and
another damper or slide may be employed to allow ashes and soot to
fall or be removed from the flue. The front part of the upper boiler is
covered by a plate, so as to leave a space between the boiler and the
plate to form a flue passage, and in the said plate a valve or damper is
made to regulate the draught, and the plate is arranged so that it
be readily removed to clean out the flue. The water is brought to the
lower part of the boiler, and a valve is applied to allow the water to
enter, but to close against its return by the inlet pipe, as sometimes
happens. The outlet pipe is from the upper part of the boiler, which
may have a safety valve applied to it if required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CARDING WOOL OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Dyson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st May
1870.
I, ALFRED DYSON, of the Firm of Joseph Dyson and Sons, of
Huddersfield, in the County of York, Woollen Manufacturers, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
OR APPARATUS FOR CARDING WOOL OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as
follows:-
"
"
This Invention relates to the "
"fly doffer or the comb usually
employed for doffing the carded fibre from the doffer cylinder of carding
engines. Heretofore in the practical operation of these "fly doffers
the cards on the said cylinder are damaged by the return stroke or back
action or motion of the said doffer or comb. Now to prevent this
damage I mount the rocking shaft which carries the said "fly doffer"
in slides or slidable bearings upon the frame of the carding engine, and
I apply a rotary shaft either behind the aforesaid shaft or in some other

page_text: convenient position, carrying an eccentric or cam at each end to operate
the slide bearings at such times as that when the fly comb has made its
stroke down to remove the fibre from the cards it is then drawn away
from the surface of the doffer cylinder, the comb being thereby free to
return clear of the cards, and thus prevent damage thereto.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR METHODS OF HEATING BY THE CIRCULATION OF HOT WATER
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ebenezer Thornton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
April 1870.
I, EBENEZER THORNTON, Enon Place, Bradford, in the County of York,
Ironmonger, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR METHODS OF HEATING BY THE CIRCULATION OF
HOT WATER," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of a tank or cistern for holding water intended
to be heated, to which pipes are connected for conducting the water
thereto and the heated water therefrom to the various places where it
may be required. Around this tank or cistern is a case or cover which
forms a steam-tight space or chamber of any suitable capacity, into
which steam is introduced. The steam heats the water in the tank, and
as the steam becomes condensed it is carried away by any usual syphon
or other suitable means. The arrangements and fittings connecting
this tank with the circulating pipes are the same or similar to those
now in use in connection with ordinary hot water apparatus for heating
or warming purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR SHAPING STAVES FOR CASES AND BARRELS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Spence at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
April 1870. A communication from abroad by Albert Taubert, of
Paris, in the Empire of France, Contractor.
I, WILLIAM SPENCE, of 8, Quality Court, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR SHAPING STAVES FOR
CASES AND BARRELS," (being a communication to me from abroad by
Albert Taubert, of Paris, in the Empire of France, Contractor,) to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object the more regular cutting and
shaping of staves, as required, in order to improve the quality of
casks by equalizing the thickness of the component staves and in-
creasing the uniformity of their shape throughout. The machine for
this purpose planes the staves on their external and internal surfaces
according to the curves suited to the casks required to be made, and at
the same time planes the sides of the staves with the required taper
towards cach end. The rough staves are successively introduced into
the machine on a table, and between guides adjustable by means of a

page_text: handle to suit the width of the staves, which are pushed forward beyond
the said table until they are taken up by grooved rollers and advanced
between horizontal cutters, one above and the other below the said table,
in order to form the required convexity and concavity of the stave, also
between vertical cutters adapted to shape the sides of the stave with
the required taper toward each end. When a stave comes in contact
with the vertical cutters it rests on a lever, which is a little beyond the
said table, by which an excentric is set in motion through gearing and
a to-and-fro movement imparted to a carriage which slides on supports
underneath the table. This carriage is furnished with an endless screw
that gears with a toothed segment, and thereby, in combination with a
duly arranged set of levers, produces a movement which successively
moves apart the vertical cutters from the period of their contact with the
end of the stave to that with the middle of the same, and successively
brings them together from the middle to the other end thereof in order
to allow for the difference of width between the ends and the middle of
the stave, which difference can be varied as required by means of the said
excentric. When the stave is removed from the lever on which it rested,
the parts above referred to are put out of gear, and the excentric is
returned by the action of a counterpoise to the position required for
another stave. In order to provide for staves of different widths the
required spreading apart of the vertical cutters is effected by means of
a hand wheel, which is caused to turn the endless screw on the sliding
carriage, which movement is regulated by means of an indicating point
fixed to one of the levers and another fixed to one of the guides of the
stave.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HAR- MONIUMS AND OTHER REED INSTRUMENTS OF MUSIC
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin C. Rolls at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
June 1870.—A communication from abroad by George William
Scribner, of the Town of Chatham, & Province of Ontario,
Canada.
I, EDWIN C. ROLLS, of the Town of Chatham, in the Province of
Ontario, and Dominion of Canada, now of Lee, Kent, England, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for " IMPROVEMENTS IN HAR-
MONIUMS AND OTHER REED INSTRUMENTS OF MUSIC," to be as follows:-
―:
The nature of the Invention relates to the construction & application
of tubes of a peculiar form to the metallic reeds or vibrators of har-
moniums, cabinet organs, seraphims, melodions, & similar instruments
of music in which the reeds or vibrators are placed not more than half
an inch apart or distant from cach other in rows or ranks. The open
ends of the tubes are placed over, opposite, or in juxtaposition to the
metallic vibrators, in such a manner as that the end of each tube shall
enclose two or more of the vibrators, each vibrator producing a different
note or tone of the musical scale or octave, the tubes having the effect
of qualifying or subduing the harshness or metallic quality or character

page_text: of the tone of the vibrators or reeds, and of increasing the power &
volume of sound of the same, causing the quality of the tone to resemble
more nearly that of the pipe organ or flute. The tubes can be con-
structed of wood or metal, separately or in compartments. They can
be used or placed in a vertical or horizontal position as is most con-
venient. By reversing the vibrators they can be made to speak or
sound by the use of a suction, exhausting, or inhaling bellows, although
a blowing or forcing bellows can be used, if preferred, by simply
reversing or turning over the vibrators in their sockets or positions.
One end of each of the tubes being placed opposite or against two
or more vibrators; the other end of each tube is provided with an
opening for the emission of the tone or sound, & the passage of air
either by the use of the inhaling or exhaling bellows. The tubes are
also provided with adjustable slides, which partially cover the openings
by means of which the tubes can be tuned in unison with the reeds or
vibrators. The tubes of the bass register are provided with a stop slide
or damper for the purpose of subduing the bass at pleasure. The tubes
in the bass register gradually increase in width as they descend the scale
enclosing an additional number of vibrators which are equidistant. Some
of the advantages claimed are a greatly improved quality & volume of
tone in a small space & at a moderate expense.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ATTACHMENTS TO- BE USED WITH CHAINS,, CORDS, BANDS, AND SUCH LIKE: PLIABLE ARTICLES, ESPECIALLY USEFUL, AMONGST OTHER PURPOSES, FOR SECURING ON THE PERSON- TRINKETS AND JEWELLERY
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Townshend Griffin at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents;. with. his Petition, on the 4th
January 1870.
I, TOWNSHEND GRIFFIN, of the Junior Carlton Club, Pall Mall;
Westminster, in the County of Middlesex, Esquire, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ATTACHMENTS TO-
BE USED WITH CHAINS,, CORDS, BANDS, AND SUCH LIKE: PLIABLE ARTICLES,
ESPECIALLY USEFUL, AMONGST OTHER PURPOSES, FOR SECURING ON THE PERSON-
TRINKETS AND JEWELLERY," to be as follows:-
:-
This Invention consists in taking a rod or wire of gold, silver, or other
suitable metal or material; and twisting the same around a cylindrical,..
a conical, an oval, a square, or other shaped core, and thus producing.
an open screw coil or a twisted thread,, a hook split ring or other
means of connection being provided and fastened thereto when-necessary..
But in attaching. lockets or other articles which have rings or eyes, the
thread can be passed through the ring or eye to any desired extent,.
and hence no hook or split ring is in such case required. The chains,..
cords, bands, or such like pliable articles are to be wound or twisted..
in the direction of thread, so that the same may thus be caused to.

page_text: pass through the centre of such open thread without its being requisite
to get hold of an end or ends of such cord, chain, band, or pliable
article, (being thus applicable to endless chains, cords, or bands, or
pliable articles, and such chains, cords, bands, or pliable articles may be
further secured by a short turn on the end or ends of the said open
screw if desired.
With regard to chains, cords, or ropes used on shipboard, and for
other purposes, these "improvements will enable such chains, cords, or
ropes to be held on to by another cord, chain, or rope, and yet be free
to slide or move along.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HAMMERING AND PLANISHING SHEET METALS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Emanuel Miller at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th October 1870.
I, CHARLES EMANUEL MILLER, of North Shields, in the County of
Northumberland, Ironmonger, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HAMMERING AND PLANISHING
SHEET METALS," to be as follows :―
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of
hammer for planishing and hammering copper, brass, tin, and other
light sheet metals, which hammer is driven at a high velocity by steam
or other power, or by hand through the intervention of gearing for the
purpose.
The hammering block should be of sufficient weight to give the desired
blow by gravity, and is contained within a hollow holder secured to a
cross head or other vertical moving part of the apparatus. Through
this holder passes transversely a bolt or key, which also passes through
a transverse slot or keyway made in the shank of the hammer block,
and of sufficient length to afford clearance for the required stroke of

page_text: the hammer. Between the top of the hammer shank and a cap or
cover on the holder there may be interposed a cushion of india-rubber
or other suitable elastic material to receive the rebound of the hammer
from its mark. A rapid vertical reciprocating motion is imparted to
the part which carries the hammer holder, either by the direct appli-
cation of steam or compressed air, or by means of cranks, cams,
eccentrics, or other equivalent mechanical contrivance driven from a
rotatory shaft actuated by power or by hand. As the holder rises the
key or bolt lifts the hammer block, and as it descends again the hammer
block is allowed to fall by its own gravity, sliding for that purpose
freely within the holder. The slot in the hammer block also allows of
the actuating cranks or eccentrics passing the centres freely at each
revolution.
By this arrangement of apparatus facility is afforded for applying
hammer blocks of different shapes and sizes (according to the work to
be performed) to the same holder.