IMPROVE- MENTS IN TOOLS AND APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN BLASTING, BORING, AND CUTTING Rock, STONE, AND OTHER HARD SUBSTANCES, AND IN THE MEANS EMPLOYED FOR MAKING SUCH TOOLS
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Julian Bernard, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in
the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN TOOLS AND APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN BLASTING, BORING, AND CUTTING
Rock, STONE, AND OTHER HARD SUBSTANCES, AND IN THE MEANS EMPLOYED
FOR MAKING SUCH TOOLS."
Sealed the 24th April 1866, and dated the 27th October 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION. left by the said Julian Bernard at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th October 1865.
I, JULIAN BERNARD, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN TOOLS AND APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN BLASTING, BORING, AND CUTTING
ROCK, STONE, AND OTHER HARD SUBSTANCES, AND IN THE MEANS EMPLOYED FOR
MAKING SUCH TOOLS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists, firstly, in the use and employment of a peculiar
and novel tool or instrument which I employ for blasting; it consists of a
bar of metal which is of a smaller diameter at any desired part or parts in
its length than at the ends, round which small part or parts is placed the
explosive material, and afterwards protected by suitable means, such as water-
proof covering. The bar is then inserted in a hole formerly made, and the.

page_text: charge ignited, which I prefer doing by means of electricity, as is well under-
stood. I make a central hole in the bar for carrying the requisite wire.
I sometimes employ a peculiar expanding collar or ring on a part of the
bar, which part I make conical, and which conical part is placed on or
attached to a parallel rod, but of a smaller diameter than the outer portion of
the bar, and which I make hollow for receiving the smaller rod. By this
arrangement the outer portion of the bar can be forced against the expanding
ring and conical collar or part of the bar, and in this way can be made to
tighten the bar and act as a "tamping."
Secondly, in placing over or against the "tamping" over the blasting
charge a moveable weight, which I effect by placing in or over the partially
filled hole a bar which passes through a hole in the said weight, such bar
being furnished with a stop to retain the weight in its required position.
By means of these bars several parts simultaneously can be discharged at once,
as there may be several cartridges employed at relative distances apart as before
referred to, it not being always desirable in very deep holes to confine the charge
to the bottom.
Thirdly, in making the cutting edge of serrated cutting or boring tools with
their teeth or serrations disposed or formed at different angles in different
portions of the same tool, so that a slight movement of the tool will cause the
serrations of one part of the tool to cut in a different direction on the rock
to that of the teeth last previously acting thereon.
Fourthly, in making tools or chisels employed in cutting or working stone,
metal, and other hard substances by shaping the bevel of the tool in a
correspondingly shaped steel die by the aid of a blow or powerful pressure,
whether the tool be in a hot or cold state, and in subsequently submitting
such partially formed tool to a second and more open die, when by a powerful
blow the cutting end or edge only of the tool will be acted upon by the
bottom or narrowest part of the die, thereby compressing or consolidating
such portion of the tool by rendering the metal more homogeneous at that
art
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Julian Bernard in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 26th
April 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JULIAN 3
BERNARD, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman,
send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the 27th day of October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the 29th year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Julian Bernard, Her special license that I, the said Julian
Bernard, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Julian Bernard, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN TOOLS AND APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN BLASTING, BORING, AND CUTTING,
Rock, STONE, AND OTHER HARD SUBSTANCES, AND IN THE MEANS EMPLOYED FOR
MAKING SUCH TOOLS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Julian Bernard, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Julian Bernard, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being bad to the accompanying Drawings, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say :-
My said Invention consists, firstly, in the use and employment of a peculiar
and novel tool or instrument which I employ for blasting; it consists of a bar
of metal A (shewn in sectional elevation at Fig. 1 of the annexed Sheet of
Drawings), which bar is of smaller diameter at any desired part or parts a, a,
in its length than at the ends, round which small part or parts is placed the
explosive material b, b, which is afterwards protected by suitable means, such
as waterproof covering. This bar is then inserted in a hole previously made
to receive it, and the charge b is ignited, which I prefer doing by means of.
electricity, as is well understood; and for this purpose I make a central hole.
or passage c in the bar for carrying the requisite wire, and I also make
lateral holes branching out of the central hole c, and communicating with the
several charges b, as shewn in the Drawings. I sometimes employ a peculiar
expanding collar or ring on a part of the bar, which part I make conical, and
which conical part is placed on or attached to a parallel rod, but of a smaller,

page_text: diameter than the outer portion of the bar, and which I make hollow for
receiving the smaller rod. By this arrangement the outer portion of the bar
can be forced against the expanding ring and conical collar or part of the bar,
and in this way can be made to lighten the bar, and act as a "tamping."
Secondly, in placing over or against the "tamping "over the blasting charge
à moveable weight, which I effect by placing in or over the partially filled
hole a bar which passes through a hole in the said weight, such bar being
furnished with a stop to retain the weight in its required position. By means
of these bars several parts can be simultaneously discharged at once, as there
may be several cartridges employed at relative distances apart, as before
referred to, it not being always desirable in very deep holes to confine the
charge to the bottom.
Thirdly, in making the cutting edge of serrated cutting or boring tools with
their teeth or serrations disposed or formed at different angles in different
portions of the same tool, so that a slight movement of the tool will cause the
serrations of one part of the tool to cut in a different direction on the rock to
that of the teeth last previously acting thereon.
The fourth part of my Invention has reference to certain improvements in
the means for shaping and treating tools described in the Specification of
Letters Patent granted to me on or about the 25th of April 1865, No. 1192,
and consists in making tools or chisels employed in cutting or working stone,
metal, and other hard substances by shaping the bevel of the tool in a
correspondingly V-shaped steel die A (shown in section at Fig. 2) by the aid
of a blow or powerful pressure, whether the tool be in a hot or cold state, and
in subsequently submitting such partially formed tool to a second and more
open V-shaped die B (Fig. 3), when by a powerful blow the cutting end or
edge only of the tool will be acted upon by the bottom or narrowest part of
the die, thereby compressing or consolidating such portion of the tool by
rendering the metal more homogeneous at that part.
The dotted lines in Fig. 3 illustrate the contour of the V-shaped recess of
the first-mentioned die, and indicate clearly the difference in the form or bevel
of the recesses of the two dies A and B. Although I prefer to make these
dies each in one solid piece, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3, it is obvious that they
may be made in two or more parts, so as to enable the sides of the V-shaped
matrix or recess to vary their angle. I have given a sectional elevation of one
example of this arrangement at Fig. 4, where a, a, are two pieces forming the
sides of the die, and 6 is a moveable piece, which on being changed for one
of a more or less acute angle, as the case may be, will cause the sides c, c, of
the matrix also to form a more or less acute angle accordingly, as indicated

page_text: by the dotted lines. d is a bed or holder for supporting the several parts of
the die, and e, e, are adjusting screws for forming abutments for the side
pieces a, a, at any desired angle.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to be novel
and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-
before in part recited Letters Patent is,―
First, the peculiar blasting tool or instrument herein-before described and
illustrated in reference to Figure 1 of my Drawings.
Second, the combination with the peculiar blasting tool or instrument
illustrated by Figure 1 of an expanding ring and conical surface, substantially
as and for the purpose herein-before described.
Third, the placing over or against the "tamping" of a blasting charge of a
moveable weight combined with a bar provided with stops, substantially as
and for the purpose herein-before described.
Fourth, the making of the cutting edges of serrated cutting or boring tools
with their teeth or serrations disposed or formed at different angles in different
portions of the same tool, substantially as and for the purpose herein-before
described.
Fifth, the shaping or producing the bevel and cutting edges of tools or
chisels employed in cutting or working stone, metal, and other hard substances
by forcing them by a blow, or by powerful pressure into-dies or matrices of a
corresponding V-section to the bevel required, and in subsequently forcing
the bevelled tool into a second V-shaped matrix, the angle of which is less
acute than that of the first-mentioned matrix, substantially as and for the
purpose herein-before described and illustrated by Figures 2, 3, and 4, of my
Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Julian Bernard, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of April, One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-six.
J. BERNARD. (L.S.)