Improvements in the Manufacture of Fire Proof Plastic Material for Cement, also applicable to Smelting and Various other useful purposes.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 21st Oct., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 4th Mar., 1891-Accepted, 5th Sept., 1891
NECTARENAL DI ECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Fire Proof Plastic Material
for Cement, also applicable to Smelting and Various other useful
purposes.
I, ROBERT STONE, of 8 Talbot Court, Eastcheap, in the City of London,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this said invention to be as follows:-
My invention consists of a novel method of manipulating or treating granite, hard
rock, shale, spar, glass, lava, ores, marble, china-clay, slag Devonshire clay, Dorset-
shire clay, or analogous clays, rocks, materials or substances, in the manufacture of
plastic compositions or fluid substances.
When treating the materials for the production of cement or plastic, moulding,
or coating purposes, I burn or roast the same and in order to impart binding
properties to the materials operated upon I use as a flux petroleum spirit,
petroleum, or vitriol or such like liquids in the proportions of about one hundred
weight of flux (more or. less) to every ton of the material operated upon I some-
times burn or roast the material without using the aforesaid liquids. When burnt,
I grind it to a fiue powder; or I may use the material in some instances without
burning; in which case I mix the ground material with sodium silicate, or any
other silicious liquids or substances. With the silicates I may use a small portion
of lime or cement, alum, or tar, to remove the effect of the soda, and harden the
material, say 5 per cent. in weight to every ton of the material (more or less).
When burning the material for a high class of cement, especially when burnt from
granite or hard rocky substances, I use say from 10 to 20 per cent. (more or less) of
alumina, clay, or river mud, or lime or chalk cement made by this process possesses
a much higher quality than Portland cement, especially when granite is used; it
will also last much longer in wear. In some instances I melt the material down
into a
liquid state and run it while in that state into moulds or dies of any suitable
shape. The ground material before mentioned, when mixed with the silicious
liquids, may also be run into moulds or dies of any shape. The before mentioned
materials when treated by this process, will be suitable for many purposes too
numerous to name%; the following are some of them :-Erections of all kinds,
columns, bricks, tiles, statuary, roadway and floor surfacing of all kinds, and for all
plastic and other general purposes, pottery ware, pipes, and sanitary appliances
generally. I may also mix the materials with water instead of the silicious liquids
or substances, by using the foregoing liquids as a flux.
The necessary heat for effecting the above named operations, also has the effect
of melting any metals found mixed in the raw material, such as iron, gold, copper,
zinc, tin or aluminium, which can be separately preserved. When the manufactured
material requires glazing or ornamenting I prepare the glaze or ornamenting
material, and lay it on in a molten or hot state, thus saving the great expense of
burning in the glaze, or ornamenting in the ordinary way; or I may lay the glazing
material on cold, and melt it in by a forced flame, by oils or hot air or otherwise, or
I may coat the same with a glaze by means of ground granite mixed with oils or
other liquids or substances.

page_text: Improvements in the Manufacture of Fire Proof Plastic Material
for Cement, also applicable to Smelting and various other useful
purposes.
I, ROBERT STONE," of 8 Talbot Court, Eastcheap, in the City of London;
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my said invention and, in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:
"
My invention consists of a novel method of manipulating or treating granite, hard
rock, such as slate, slate refuse, shale, spar, glass, lava, ores, marble, china clay,
slag, Devonshire clay, Dorsetshire clay,, or rocks or "other suitable clays, rocks,
materials or substances (all hereinafter included in the word "materials ") in the
manufacture of plastic compositions or fluid substances.
f. *
When treating the materials for, the production of cement or plastic moulding, or
coating purposes, I burn or roast the same and, in 'order to impart binding properties.
to the materials operated upon I use as a flux petróleum spirit, petroleum, or vitriol,
or oils of an inflammable nature which also has the effect of contracting the
materials & removing the metals, in the proportions of about one cwt. weight of
flux more or less to every ton of the materials operated upon. I sometimes burn
or roast the materials with ordnary fuel without using the aforesaid liquids When
burnt I grind the materials to a fine powder by preference while in a hot state or
I may use the materials in some instances without burning in which case or in any
case may inix the ground materials with 12 per cent. more or less of sodium
silicate or any other silicious liquids or substances with the silicates I may use a
small portion of lime to remove the soda & harden the materials say 5 per cent. in
weight to every ton of the materials more or less When burning the materials for a
high class of cement especially when burnt from hard rocks or substances such as
granite or ores I use say from 20 to 30 per cent. more or less of clay or river mud
or lime or chalk The foregoing materi. is moe burnt either collectively or
separately. When burning for a white ement I prefer using Nottinghamshire
Derbyshire or Leicestershire rocks or similar rocks or substances of a fine silken
nature in combination with lime marble spar china clay or such like material in
about & proportions more or less. In some instances I melt one or more of the
ingredients of the before inentioned materials slate shale etc: into a liquid state
and run it while in that state into moulds or dies of any suitable shape:' The 'ground
materials before mentioned burnt or unburnt when mixed with the selicious liquids
may also be run into moulds or dies of any shape. The before mentioned materials
when treated by this process will be suitable for many purposes too numerous' to
name The following are some of them Erections of all kinds columns bricks tiles
statuary roadway and floor surfacing of all kinds and for all plastic and other
general purposes pottery ware pipes and sanatery appliances generally I may also
mix the materials with water instead of the selicious liquids or substances by using
the foregoing liquids as a flux. The aforesaid process will also have the effect of
removing any metals may be found in the materials such as iron' gold lead copper
zince tin which can be run into moulds or dies it being injurious to cement When
the manufactured material requires glazing or ornamenting I prepare the glaze or
ornamenting material and lay it on in a molten or hot state thus saving_the.great
expense of burning in the glaze or ornamenting in the ordnary way or I may lay
the glazing material on cold and melt it in by a forced flame by oils or hot air or
heated rolls or otherwise or I may coat the same with a glaze by means of ground
granate mixed with oils or other liquids or substances.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what, maner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
The improvements in the manafacture of fire proof plastic material for cement
also applicable to smelting and various other useful purposes substantially as herein
before described.