IMPROVE- MENTS IN CANDLESTICKS
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Brown, of Tollington Road, in the
County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN CANDLESTICKS."
Sealed the 21st September 1875, and dated the 23rd March 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Brown at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd March 1875.
I, ROBERT BROWN, of Tollington Road, in the County of Middlesex,.
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CANDLESTICKS," to be as follows:-
Ordinary chamber or other candlesticks are open to three objections,—
1. If the candle to be used is not exactly the size of the socket paper
has to be wound round it in order to keep it steady, and when the
candle burns down to the socket the paper must be removed or it will
catch fire.
2. The rim of the ordinary candlestick is so shaped that the grease

page_text: from the guttering of the candle runs into the socket where it chokes
the candle in the socket.
3. When the candle in the ordinary candlestick burns down towards
the socket it has to be removed, and the piece is often wasted, but if the
candle burns down to the socket there is no means of removing the
piece, an inch long, which is left, but it has to be dug out and is
lost.
In the improved candlestick the use of paper is avoided, and also the
running of the candle grease into the socket; moreover, the candle as
originally inserted into the Patent candlestick may be burned to the very
end without removal from the candlestick.
These objects are effected, 1st, by the use of a spike fixed on a short
stem inserted at the bottom of the socket. By pressing the bottom of
the candle on to this spike it is effectually held in position and prevented
from shaking about without the use of paper. The rim of the candlestick
is made with a hollow or concave channel, so that the grease from the
guttering of the candle runs into it and remains in it, and is not
conducted into the socket as in the ordinary form of candlestick; but
when the candle burns down to the rim this grease may melt into and
run on to the remaining inch of the candle in the candlestick, to which
it is conducted by two gutters formed in the rim for the purpose. The
upper part of the stem of the candlestick is made loose and separate
from the lower part, and the joint is made in the form of a double notch,
the faces of which may be either rectangular or inclined, but with a
part cut horizontal so as to form a rest. The cap or upper part being
moveable is capable of turning round, and of being raised or lowered on
the fixed spiked stem, so that when the cap is turned round and pushed
down the inch of candle in the socket will appear above it as if on a
save-all, and will burn away to the very last.
SPECIFICATION in
pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, 3
filed by the said Robert Brown in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 23rd September 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ROBERT,
BROWN, of Tollington Road, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman,>
send greeting.
3

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of March, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the
thirty-eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Robert Brown, Her special
licence that I, the said Robert Brown, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Robert Brown, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others from time to time, and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE.
MENTS IN CANDLESTICKS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said Robert Brown, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Robert Brown, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto
annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to
say):
Ordinary chamber or other candlesticks are open to three objections,—
1. If the candle to be used is not exactly the size of the socket paper
has to be wound round the former in order to make it fit the socket and
remain steady therein. When the candle burns down to the socket the
paper must be removed or it will catch fire.
2. The rim of the ordinary candlestick is so shaped that the grease
from the guttering of the candle runs into the socket where it chokes
the candle in the socket.
3. When the candle in the ordinary candlestick burns down towards
the socket it has to be removed, and the piece left is often wasted, but if
the candle burns down to the socket there is no means of removing the

page_text: piece, an inch long (which is left), but it has to be dug out and is
.lost.
In the improved candlestick which forms the subject of the present
Invention the use of paper is avoided, and also the running of the
candle grease into the socket is prevented; moreover, the candle as
originally inserted into the Patent candlestick may be burned to the
very end without the necessity of its removal from the candlestick.
These objects are effected, first, by the use of a spike fixed on a short
stem inserted at the bottom of the socket. By pressing the bottom of
the candle on to this spike it is effectually held in position, and without
the use of paper is prevented from shaking about in the socket. The
rim of the candlestick is made with a hollow or concave channel, so that
the grease from the guttering of the candle runs into it and remains in
it, and is not conducted into the socket as in the ordinary form of
candlestick; but when the candle burns down to the rim this grease may
melt into and run on to the remaining inch of the candle in the candle-
stick, to which it is conducted by two lateral gutters or notches formed
in the rim for the purpose. The upper part of the stem of the candlestick
is made loose and separate from the lower part, and the joint is made in
the form of a double notch, the faces of which may be either rectangular
or inclined, but with a part cut horizontally so as to form a rest. The
cap or upper part being movable is capable of being turned round, and
of being raised or lowered on the fixed spiked stem, so that when the
cap is turned round and pushed down the inch of candle in the socket
will appear above it as if on a save-all, and will burn away to the very
last.
In the accompanying Drawing I have shewn various ways of carrying
out my Invention.
Fig. 1 is a sectional elevation of one form of candlestick. The part a
of the stem or stick is fixed to the pan b in the usual manner. This
part a is provided at its upper end with a spike or pricket c on which
the candle is held when placed in the socket, as indicated by the dotted
lines in the Figure. The stem a is provided at its lower part with a
short piece of casing a which extends half round the stem. A cylindrical
cap piece d forms the upper part of the candlestick, and is movable, so
that it may be slidden up or down on the fixed part a. One half of the
cylinder of the lower part of the picce d is cut away as at d', so that

page_text: when the piece d is lowered, as shewn at Fig. 2, the parts a¹ and d¹ will
fit each other, and the cylinder will be complete. The rim d* at the
top of the movable part d is made with a hollow or concave channel (as
shewn at Figures 1 and 2) to receive any melted tallow that may gutter
down the candle. When the candle has burned down level with the
rim, or nearly so, the upper or movable piece d may be turned round
so as to bring the cutaway part d¹ of the movable picce d opposite the
projecting part a¹ of the stem. The part d may then be lowered into
the position shewn at Fig. 2, and the spike c with the short length of
candle adhering to it will be projected through the nozzle or rim, as
shewn in the Figure.
Fig. 3 is an elevation of a flat candlestick, shewing a modification of
Fig. 1, the only difference being that in Fig. 3 the part cut away at d¹ is
cut on an incline instead of vertically as in Fig. 1. In Fig. 3 the part a
is raised up, as in Fig. 4, and Fig. 4 represents the same construction,
but with the part & lowered, as in Fig. 2.
Figures 5 and 6 represent another modification. In this instance the
movable upper part d is made with a slot d² like a double bayonet joint,
and two pins a², a², are fixed in the part a of the stem, and serve to hold
the part d either in the raised position, as shewn in Fig. 5, or in the
lowered position, as shewn at Fig. 6.
In this instance a
Figures 7 and 8 represent another modification.
helical slot d³ is cut in the movable piece d to receive a pin a², which is
fixed in the side of the fixed part a of the stem. On turning round the
movable part d of the stem when it is in the position shewn at Fig. 8 it
will be gradually raised into the position shewn at Fig. 7, in which
position it may be held by allowing its lower edge to rest on the projecting
pin a³, as shewn in Fig. 7.
All the candlesticks shewn at Figures 1 to 8 are intended to be made
of metal, but the Invention is equally applicable to candlesticks made of
earthenware. In consequence however of the difference in the material
it will be necessary to construct the several parts in a somewhat different
manner.
Fig. 9 is a vertical section of an earthenware candlestick constructed
according to my Invention. The lower fixed part a is made tubular to
receive the cylindrical save-all a*, which may be fixed in the part a by

page_text: cement or otherwise. The tubular part a is made with a vertical slot a³
to receive a projecting nib or pine at the lower end of the movable
stem d, as shewn in the horizontal section, Fig. 10, which is taken in
the linc 1, 2, of Fig. 9.
When the movable part d of the stem is to be lowered into the
position shewn at Fig. 11 the nib e is to be brought round opposite to
the end of the vertical slot a³, when the movable part d can be lowered.
When, on the contrary, it is desired to raise the part d into a position to
receive a candle the part d is simply drawn up so as to raise the nib e
out of the slot, and then by turning the part round the nib e will be
made to rest upon the top edge of the tubular part a, and be thus
supported in its proper position.
Having now described my Invention of "Improvements in Candle.
sticks," and having explained the manner of carrying the same into
effect, I claim as the Invention secured to me by Letters Patent as
aforesaid,―
Constructing the stems of candlesticks in two parts, one of which
is made movable on the other, as and for the purposes hercin set
forth.
I also claim the combination of a spike or pricket at the top of the
fixed part of the stem with a movable socket or upper part of the stem,
as and for the purpose herein set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Robert Brown, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, the Twenty-third day of September, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
five.