IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FOUR-WHEELED CARRIAGES."
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Edward Standfield, of the Town of Exeter,
in the County of Devon, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF FOUR-WHEELED CARRIAGES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Edward Stand-
field at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his. Petition,
on the 28th January 1870.
I, JOHN EDWARD STANDFIELD, of the Town of Exeter, in the County
of Devon, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FOUR-WHEELED CARRIAGES," to be as.
follows:-
The nature of this Invention consists in the novel and peculiar shape.
of the body of the carriage, whereby the advantage of a better sitting
accommodation and an appreciable shortening of the distance between.
the centres of the wheels are obtained, thus giving a much easier draught
and less total weight.
The vehicle is shewn on the annexed Drawing. Fig. 1 shews the
Invention as applied to a cab in side view; Fig. 2 shews the shape of

page_text: the body in plan; it may, however, also be made as indicated by the
dotted lines, thereby offering more space for an extra seat. The doors
are arranged on the two front angles or quarters and open towards the
front. The hind wheels, which in ordinary cabs and other vehicles must
be placed so far behind as to allow the doors to clear when open, can by
this Invention be brought much more forward, thereby giving an easier
draught and less weight. The seats are by preference arranged as shewn,
which affords the greatest amount of accommodation and is convenient
for conversation. The back quarters may be provided with windows, as
shewn, if preferred, or they may be left blank.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent
filed by the said John Edward Standfield in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 28th July 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
EDWARD STANDFIELD, of the Town of Exeter, in the County of Devon,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of January, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-
fourth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said John Edward Standfield, Her special
licence, that I, the said John Edward Standfield, my exccutors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said John Edward
Standfield, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FOUR-WHEELED
CARRIAGES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said John
Edward Standfield, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should

page_text: particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Edward Standfield, do hereby
declare the nature of my said. Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, that is to
say :-
The nature of this Invention consists in the novel and peculiar shape
of the body of the carriage, whereby the advantage of a better sitting
accommodation and an appreciable shortening of the distance between
the centres of the wheels are obtained, thus giving a much easier draught
and less total weight.
The vehicle is shewn on the annexed Sheet of Drawings. Fig. 1
shews in plan section the shape of the body of the carriage; it may,
however, also be made as indicated by the dotted lines, thereby offering
more space for an extra seat a shewn in dotted lines. The seats 6 aro
by preference arranged as shewn, which affords the greatest amount
of accommodation, is convenient for conversation, and prevents tho
unpleasantness of riding backwards. The doors c, c, are arranged on
the two front angles or quarters, and open towards the front, as shewn.
The hind wheels d, d, which in ordinary cabs and other vehicles must be
placed so far behind as to allow the doors to clear when open, can by
this Invention be brought much more forward, thereby giving less weight
and easier draught, and the vehicle will take up a small space.
Fig. 2 shews the Invention applied to a close carriage. The back
quarters may be provided with windows, as shewn, if preferred, or they
may be left blank.
Fig. 3 shews the Invention applied to an open carriage, which may be
closed when desired, as shewn in dotted lines. The front part of the head
is here shewn standing, but it may as easily be made to fall in a manner
similar to that used with landaus.
The Invention may be applied to public or private vehicles.
The back and back quarters may be modified in shape if desired; they
may, i
7, for instance, form a continuous curve without any sharp or rounded

page_text: manner of carrying the same into elect, what i claim as my invention is,
the shape of the body of the carriage and the arrangement of the doors,
substantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Edward Standfield, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of July, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.