A CHAIN AND APPARATUS FOR STRAIGHT, SQUARE, AND PARALLEL STONE AND MARBLE SAWING, WHICH CHAIN MAY BE APPLIED TO OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1806

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
PHILLIPS, of East Stonehouse, in the County of Devon, Stonemason, send
greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third did, by
His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Twelfth day of Feb-
ruary, in the forty-sixth year of His reign, give and grant unto me, the
said John Phillips, my executors, administrators, and assigns, His especial
licence that I, the said John Phillips, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, during the term of years therein mentioned, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town'
of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "A CHAIN AND APPARATUS FOR
STRAIGHT, SQUARE, AND PARALLEL STONE AND MARBLE SAWING, WHICH CHAIN
MAY BE APPLIED TO OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES;" in which said Letters Patent
there is contained a proviso obliging me, the said John Phillips, by an
instrument in writing under my band and seal, to cause a particular descrip-
tion of the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery
within' six calendar months after the date of the said recited Letters Patent,
as in and by the same (relation being thereunto had) may more fully and
at large appear.
⚫ NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said

page_text: John Phillips, do hereby declare that my said. Invention is described in the
Drawings and description thereof hereunto annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Phillips, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Ninth day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and six.
EXPLANATION OF THE ABOVE DRAWINGS.
The chain consists of two kinds of links, the one resembling a hollow
cylinder, with the ends.a.little.rounded, and a hole at each end, as A, Fig.1.;
and the other link resembling a double-headed shot, as B, Fig. 2, which
links in forming the chain are used alternately, as at D, D, D. The hollow
cylinder links are formed in two parts, as at C, C, or more if found necessary,
which may be cast in mould, or struck up with a male and female tool or
engine; the double-headed link may also be formed by a male and female tool
or engine, cast in a mould, or. turned in. a lathe, according to the purpose for
which it is wanted, the strength required, or the metal or matter used, which
may be of various kinds; for common and strong. purposes iron will be
cheapest; for some purposes the, heads of the double-headed link may be
put on something similar to a common pin, and then rivetted on them. The
hollow cylinder links, when great, strength is required, may have a partition
across, as at d; the aperture at each end should be larger outside than
in to give room for the links to turn sufficiently in every direction over
pullies, &casat Fig. 6, and 0-0, 0-0 Fig. 8.---When-the-links are put-
together to form the chain, the double-headed links should be laid in the
apertures of the hollow cylinder links, as at D, D, D, Fig. 4; then the other
parts of the cylinder links should be put directly over their fellows, and holes
being made through the same with drill, &c., as at E, E; Fig. 5; which
holes should be countersunk on the outside, and. pieces of metal, wire, or
-other-substance-being-exactly-fitted-to-thic holes, should be thrust-through the-
same, and rivetted at each end, and then-filed smooth; or the cylinder links
may be joined also by rings being drove on them, as 1, 2, 3, Fig. 5; for orna-
mental purposes, cement or solder will connect them sufficiently strong. A
stonemason's saw framed with one of these chains is better calculated to cut
stone straight than when framed with a ropo, as the latter. will shrink with
the wet, and by that means sometimes break the saw-heads, and also
stretch with the sun and dry weather; consequently, the saw gets slack and
must cut untrue, whilst the chain will always remain the same. The straight-
ness of stone sawing will also be much assisted by the use of the apparatus,

page_text: Fig. 7, which, being fixed at each end of a piece or block of stone, as at
Fig. 8, the saw passing between the apparatus or guides, as at 4, Fig. 7, and
5, 6, Fig. 8, which should be perfectly straight and kept at a proper distance
by the brace K and wedge L, Fig. 7, is thereby in its progress towards the
bottom prevented from going any way but in a direct straight line. G, G,
Fig. 7, may be made of cast or wrought iron, steel, or any other fit substance,
and nailed or screwed on to two pieces of wood, as H, H, cut wider at
bottom than at top, like a dovetail or square, like 7, at Fig. 8, which pieces
should be fitted on to another piece of wood, so as to be slided backwards
and forwards as may be wanted. Although I have mentioned wood for the
bottom parts of the apparatus, yet it would answer well if made all of wrought
or cast metal, and if the latter, then G and H, Fig. 7, can be cast together
or in one piece, and may be made of any form that is found most convenient.
To the guides at Fig. 8 is added the arms M, M, M, M, M, M, and to the
end of each arm a truck 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, O. For the purpose of fastening the
guides to blocks of stone that are so large that they cannot be conveniently
fixed on the feet of the guides, they may be fastened on to the ends of the
blocks with the chain above specified, or with a rope, but the chain is best
for the reasons before stated. When this method is adopted, the feet of the
guides may be dispensed with, and the guides kept in their places at bottom.
with the brace and wedges, like K and L, Fig. 7, or they may be turned
with their feet outwards.
Fig. 8 also shows a way to lengthen the guides, which is done thus:-Two
parallel pieces of iron or other proper substance should be provided, about
the same thickness and width as the guides, and whatever length is found
necessary, as N, N, Fig. 8; and also two braces to span both the grafts (as
the parallel pieces of iron N, N, may be termed), which braces should be so
made that the grafts may be slided up and down as may be required, and
kept in their places by means of a nut and screw and wedge, as at Fig. 7,
or with wedges only. By this method of lengthening the guides, not half
the number of them will be wanted in a stonemason's yard that otherwise
would. When a quantity of stone is wanted to be cut to a particular width
or thickness, as slabs, &c. &c., a kind of box may be formed with the guides
fixed to the ends, one end of which box should be fixed to it, and the
other end should be made so as to slide forward and backwards as the
length of the stone or stones to be cut therein may require. The sides of
this box should be made perfectly straight, and have holes made in them
toward the shifting end at certain distances from each other, as necessity
may dictate, to fix pins in for the purpose of keeping the end of the box and

page_text: the stones confined in it in their places. Holes should also be made at I,
Fig. 7, to fix pinion, as at 18, Fig. 8, for the purpose of keeping the
stone, &c. in it's place. To form the apparatus for square stone sawing, a
slab of stone or other proper substance should bo provided, as P, Fig. 9,
to which should bo fixed two straight pieces exactly parallel to each other,
as Q, Q, to the ends of which should be fixed pieces of iron, steel, or other
proper substance, exactly squaro to the pieces on the edge Q, Q; then by
placing slabs, jambs, &c. &c. on P, as 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, and 17,
they are by thrusting the grub saw T forward and backward, keeping it closo
to R and S, cut exactly square; or if a frame saw is used, by passing the
same between the guides U, U, W, W, should be fixed permanently, but
X, X, should be made to slide in grooves, and kept in their places by nuts
and screws, so as to admit a thin or thick saw plate, &c., as may be wanted.
By parallel sawing is meant the dividing and cutting grooves, &c. to make
flates, reeds, &c., in jambs, pillasters, &c., às at Fig. 12, to do which any
number of saws, commonly called grub saws, may be connected together, as
at Fig. 10, by means an aperture being mado in the side of each, so as to
admit a board or any proper substance to pass through the same, as at Y,
when they may be kept at any distance by being slided on the same, and
secured in their places by nuts and screws, as at Z, Z, &c.
Fig. 11 is also a method which will be found very useful when a great
number of flutes, reeds, &c. are wanted to be divided and cut of one size.
Fig. 13 is the handle to be used to Fig. 10 to thrust it forward and
backward, by a piece of board being put across at each end.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the same Ninth day of August,
in the year above mentioned, the aforesaid John Phillips came before our
Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification afore-
said, and all and every thing therein contained, in form abovo written.
And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of
tho Statute in that case made and provided.
Inrolled the Twelfth day of August, in the year above written.