IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER FROM THE MOTION OF SHIPS OR WAVES, AND IN THE APPLICATION OF SUCH MOTIVE POWER FOR PUMPING, PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS MAY BE APPLIED FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PUMPS GENERALLY."
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Herbert John Haddan, of the Firm of Herbert and
Company, Solicitors of Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster,
Civil Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF
OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER FROM THE MOTION OF SHIPS OR WAVES, AND
IN THE APPLICATION OF SUCH MOTIVE POWER FOR PUMPING, PART OF
WHICH IMPROVEMENTS MAY BE APPLIED FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PUMPS
GENERALLY." A communication from abroad by Gaspare Minisini, of Turin,
in the Kingdom of Italy.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Herbert John Haddan at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th November 1879.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors of
"IMPROVEMENTS
Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer.
IN THE MEANS OF OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER FROM THE MOTION OF SHIPS OR
WAVES, AND IN THE APPLICATION OF SUCH MOTIVE POWER FOR PUMPING, PART
OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS MAY BE APPLIED FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PUMPS
GENERALLY." A communication from abroad by Gaspare Minisini, of Turin, in
the Kingdom of Italy.
The object of the Invention is more particularly to pump out water from the
hold of ships by means of pumps deriving their motive power from the up and
down motion of said ships, but the means of obtaining motive power and the
construction of the pumps are also applicable for other purposes.
The Invention consists in applying at the stern or other convenient part of the
vessel two floats (preferably lenticular), which rise and fall alternately, and
transmit their motion upon a shaft or shafts situated inside the ship, the oscillating
motion of the levers with which the floats are connected being transformed into a
continuous rotary motion by means of ratchet wheels or their known equivalent
coupled to the driving shaft by springs. Each float is attached to the end of a
(vertically oscillating) lever placed behind the ship, and fixed on a (horizontal).
rocking shaft passing into the ship through a stuffing box, and carrying at its
inner end a (horizontal) lever connected with the (upper) end of a (vertical) rod in

page_text: such a manner that the radius of the lever can be regulated by hand, which may
be done by means of a screw spindle and a slide block. The other (lower) end of
the said rod moves a second lever mounted on a (horizontal) shaft, which carries
at its opposite end another (horizontal) lever articulated to a pair of rods (forming
an angle at the end of the said lever, and moving in a vertical plane) moving with
their opposite (upper) ends a ratchet wheel by means of a pair of clicks, the two
ratchet wheels corresponding to the two floats, being mounted side by side on the
same shaft, each ratchet wheel containing a spiral spring attached with its outer
end to the wheel, and with its inner end to a disc or boss keyed on the driving
shaft, which thus receives a continuous rotary motion. The greatest distance
between the two floats is not greater than the width of the ship, and each float is
attached at its centre to a chain, which limits the down motion of the float, and
serves to draw the float out of the water in order to set the mechanism out of
action.
For pumping out water from the hold of ships two pump barrels are used with
pistons placed vertically upon the deck, and actuated from the same crank shaft,
which can either be driven by hand or from the driving shaft by means of suitable
intermediate gearing. Between the two cranks a bevel wheel is mounted on the
crankshaft, driving another bevel wheel on the axle of a large fly wheel.
The piston is formed by two discs or rings of leather pressed between two narrow
metal discs, and bent round at the circumference of the latter. The suction' and
the delivery valve are placed at the bottom of the barrel, the pump being worked
without necessitating a direct contact of the liquid with the piston.
The valves are india rubber disc valves resting on an elevated seat of gun metal
or other suitable material, leaving an annular space or groove between the valve
seat and the valve chest for the deposit of solid matters rising with the water.
The india rubber disc is bolted to a metal disc provided at its circumference with
two (or more) vertical sleeves or guides sliding on corresponding rods or guides
attached to the bottom of the valve chest.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed 3
by the said Herbert John Haddan in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 14th May 1880.
する
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors of
Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MEANS OF OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER FROM THE MOTION OF SHIPS OR 3
WAVES, AND IN THE APPLICATION OF SUCH MOTIVE POWER FOR PUMPING, PART
OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS MAY BE APPLIED FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PUMPS
GENERALLY." A communication from abroad by Gaspare Minisini, of Turin, in
the Kingdom of Italy.
The object of the Invention is more particularly to pump out water from the 4
hold of ships by means of pumps deriving their motive power from the up and

page_text: down motion of said ships, but the means of obtaining motive power and the
construction of the pumps are also applicable for other purposes. The Invention
consists chiefly in transmitting the alternately rising and falling motion of floats
(preferably two) upon a driving shaft, and applying it for pumping water or for
other purposes by suitable gearing, as will be seen from the annexed Drawings,
which illustrate the Invention as applied for pumping out water from the hold of a
ship. Fig. 1, Sheet I., is a longitudinal section, Fig. 2 a plan, and Fig. 3 a cross
section showing the general arrangement of the apparatus, while the remaining
Figures are detail views. Similar letters of reference designate the same parts.
Two floats a, a¹, of sheet metal, the capacity of which varies with the size of the
ship, are fixed to the extremity of two levers b (1), 61 (1'). These floats are shown
on a larger scale in plan and cross section, Fig. 4. The length of these levers is
such that the extreme distance between the two floats approaches the maximum
width of the ship. The down motion of the floats is limited by the chains H
(Fig. 1) connected with the centre of the floats and attached to the stern of the
ship; the chains serve also for raising the float out of the water in order to set the
apparatus out of action. The levers b, b', are strengthened by two rods c, c¹.
Two horizontal shafts d, d, placed sufficiently apart to permit the necessary
play to the helm, and carrying at the outer end the levers 6, 61, are provided at
the other extremity with lovers e (2), e¹ (2¹), on each of which slides the regulator
ff¹; in the latter is pivoted the fork of the rod g, g¹. This arrangement is shown
on a larger scale by Fig. 5 (in plan, side elevation, and end elevation). It will be
seen that the lever e is provided with a screw spindle having a hand wheel v,
which when turned to the right or left serves to place the block f nearer to the
shaft d or further away from it, whereby the length of the levere and consequently
the power transmitted by the floats upon the pumps can be regulated. The rods
g, g', transmit their motion to the levers h (3), h¹ (3¹), mounted on the horizontal
shafts, The other extremities of the latter are provided with levers
m (4), m³ (41), to the outer end of which are linked the vertical rods n, n, n', n¹,
for imparting a rotary motion to the ratchet wheels p, p¹, by means of the ratchets
0, 0, 0, 0¹. As will be seen from Fig. 6, (Sheet II.,) which represents on a larger
scale two vertical sections of the mechanism, the wheels p, p, contain a spiral
spring c attached with one end to the circumference of the wheel, and with the
other to a disc c keyed to the horizontal shaft q. The ratchet wheels p, p¹, and
the ratchet holders v, vl, are loose on this shaft and turn independently of the
latter. The other end of the shaft q carries the bevel wheel r, which gears into
another wheel & keyed on the vertical shaft t. This shaft carries at its upper end
another bevel wheel u gearing into the wheel u¹, which is keyed on the horizontal
shaft H of the pump. All shafts of the mechanism described turn in brackets
firmly attached to beams of the ship (as shown). The shaft t rests on a step
bearing supported by a cross beam of the bracket supporting the shaft q, as shown
in Fig. 8, Sheet II. The apparatus acts as follows:-When the pump is to be set
at work the floats are lowered by means of the chains H. The waves which
alternately raise and lower these floats communicate motion to the levers b, b',
and thereby to the shaft d, d, which latter transmits it to the successive levers,
(by means of the rods n, n, n', n', to the ratchet wheels p, p'. In the interior
of the latter the energy obtained is stored up by the tension of the springs, so that
the irregular motion of the waves is not directly communicated to the shaft 9, but
is first transformed into a regular and continuous motion by the springs. The
bevel wheels 7, 8, u, u', communicate the rotary motion to the shaft H of the pump,
which immediately begins to work. It need hardly be said that the dimensions of
the mechanism described, the length of the levers, the proportion of the bevel
wheels, &c., depend upon the size or construction of the ship, and it is likewise
evident that the mode of transforming and regulating the motive power of waves
can be applied to a great many purposes, not only for working pumps without
departing from the nature of the Invention. The Figures 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11
(Sheet II.,) show a ship pump driven by the new motor, Figs. 7, 8, and 9 being

page_text: .
respectively a front view, a side view, and a plan; Fig. 10, a vertical section and
a horizontal section through the pump barrel; and Fig. 11, a section through the
crank shaft, showing the arrangement of the fly wheel. The construction of
ordinary hand power pumps is in so far defective, as these pumps require a con-
Biderable power of driving, while the pistons and valves are complicated, and
therefore liable to get out of order. The pump herein described, however, attains a
greater useful effect with a simple and solid construction. In this pump (Fig. 10)
the piston D is not, during its stroke, brought in contact with the liquid to be
extracted, whereby its durability is greatly increased. The piston consists of two
leather discs Q1, Q¹, pressed between two metal discs Q, Q, by means of a nut,
which is screwed on the lower continuation of the piston guide. By this arrange-
ment the thickness of the piston is very small, and consequently the friction on the
gun metal lining G1 of the pump barrel G¹ very limited. The valves are formed
by an india rubber disc R resting on a bronze ring P fitted to the inlet and outlet,
and forming the valve seat. The rubber disc is attached to a metal disc by bolt
and nut, as shown. The valve is guided in its motion by two sleeves b, b', sliding
on two rods a, a, fixed in the valve box, as shown by Fig. 10. This arrangement
allows of any foreign matter suspended in the water being deposited in the
(annular) space formed between the valve seat and the circumference of the valve
chest until acted upon by the discharge current of the water without interfering
with the working of the valves. As shown by Figures 7, 8, and 9 the whole
arrangement comprises two barrels G, G¹, suction valves E, E', and delivery valves
F, F. Two pipes S¹, S', dip into the water of the hold, while two other pipes.
F, F, conduct the water outside. The pistons are driven from two horizontal
shafts revolving in bearings supported by the stands I, I, I. The fly wheel shaft K
is arranged as shown by Fig. 11, which is a vertical section through line V, R, of
Fig. 9. It revolves with one end in a bearing forming an extension of the central
stand I', and with the other end in a stand N. This arrangement has the object
of avoiding the effect of the rolling of the ship on the fly wheel. As stated above
the motion of the pump is derived from the two bevel wheels u, u¹, the first of
which is mounted on the vertical shaft e, while the second is keyed on the shaft H
of the pump. The disengaging gear t¹ serves to make the bevel wheel u loose on
the shaft t if the pump is to be worked by hand, which may be necessary when
the sea is quiet and the interior of the vessel charged with water. As will be seen
from the above description this Invention utilises the energy of waves by trans-
forming their intermittent and irregular motion into a continuous and regular
motion. The peculiar construction of the pump herein described may evidently
also be adapted to pumps in other places, and according to the purpose for which
the motive power is used. The floats may be considerably enlarged and altered in
construction so as to form real pontoons.
In witness whereof, I, the said Herbert John Haddan, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of May, A.D. 1880.
TT
HUDDIN