matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
A PNEUMATIC BREAK OR APPARATUS TO BE ATTACHED TO RAILWAY CARRIAGES OR TRUCKS FOR THE PURPOSE OF RETARDING OR STOPPING THE SAME
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Luke Duncan Jackson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th December 1856.
I, LUKE DUNCAN JACKSON, of Underwood, in the County of Nottingham,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A PNEUMATIC
BREAK OR APPARATUS TO BE ATTACHED TO RAILWAY CARRIAGES OR TRUCKS FOR THE
PURPOSE OF RETARDING OR STOPPING THE SAME," to be as follows:-
A pneumatic break is a break intended to be attached to each carriage, or
break, or truck used or worked on railways, by means of a connexion from
one end of the train to the other, by a simple contrivance to be attached and
detached, namely, by a square linked chain between the carriages, breaks, or,
trucks. A traversing plummer block is fixed at each end of carriage or
truck to allow for oscillation; the links are to be made sufficiently long to
allow for elongation between the carriages. A small plummer block is
attached, as near to the centre of the carriage or truck and underneath the
same, to form a bearing, and near to this bearing to have on the shaft either
a screw, eccentric cam, or other appliance necessary for putting the break in
or out of gear, so as to place the same under the control of either the engine
driver, stoker,, or guard, thus enabling either of them to apply the breaks
direct throughout the train. For instance, if the engine man should see a train
in front of him or danger on the line, he may at once put the whole of the

page_text: breaks throughout the train into action, and also by means of the connexion
communicate with the guard or guards by ringing a bell attached to their
carriage. The breaks are worked by a cam or eccentric fixed on the axle of
the carriage, which, when put in gear, and so long as the axle turns, works
the pump, which forces the breaks powerfully against the wheels on the car-
riages or trucks until they are stopped. To effect this, an arrangement of
machinery is placed either on the block bar, or under the bottom of the
carriage, consisting of a cylinder, piston, and rod, connected by means of a
lever and links. To the present way-shaft a pump or air-pump is connected
to cylinder, to condense or compress air into the cylinder to force the piston
attached to the lever on the way-shaft. The pump or air-pump is worked by
a link, chuck, or other means attached to a lever from a cam or eccentric,
which, when put in gear, is worked by the rotative action of the axletree.
THE TREATMENT OR PREPARATION OF FABRICS OR TEXTILE MATERIALS TO BE DYED OR PRINTED
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Durand Gardissal at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th April 1856.-A communication.
I, CHARLES DURAND GARDISSAL, of 10, Bedford Street, Strand, London,
and 29, Boulevart St. Martin, Paris, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "THE TREATMENT OR PREPARATION OF FABRICS
OR TEXTILE MATERIALS TO BE DYED OR PRINTED," to be as follows:-
My new process for dyeing and printing textile fabrics depends on the prin-
ciple that textile materials acquire a great affinity for colours after they the
said textile materials have been exposed to the action of nitric acid, or rather
to that of a mixture of nitric acid and sulphuric acid. The threads or textile
materials, by a short contact in the cold shade with the acids, combine with
the constituent elements of the nitric acid, and thus prepared are in the best
condition for receiving colouring matter with or without the assistance of
mordants. Similar results may be obtained by using nitric acid or such
compounds. These may be imbibed in the textile fabrics previous to the dye-
ings, or dissolved in suitable quantity in the colouring matter. I encrease the
power of absorption of colours that the fabrics have by dipping them, before
the application of mordants, in a bath of milk, of solutions of albumina, of
gelatine, of gluten, or any other azoted matted that may be coagulated by

page_text: heat, by acids, or by any chemicals or agent forming insoluble compounds
with these matters. Thus, I fix the albumina by one of the three means
indicated, gelatine, tannin, gall nut, &c. I obtain fine black colours by the
combination of tannin with gelatine. I employ baths of fatty matters for the
better fixing of certain colours.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR HOLDING POSTAGE, RECEIPT, AND OTHER STAMPS
Year: 1856

page_text: wera wus
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Foster at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th May 1856.
I, THOMAS FOSTER, of Brownlow Street, in the County of Middlesex, Turner,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS
FOR HOLDING POSTAGE, RECEIPT, AND OTHER STAMPS," to be as follows:-
The improved apparatus which forms the subject of my Invention consists
of a hollow cylinder made of bone, ivory, wood, metal, or other suitable
material, through which is passed a spindle, provided at one end with a button
knob, stud, or handle, whereby the said spindle may be rotated. The postage,
receipt, or other stamps are to be cut into lengths, consisting of any convenient
number of stamps, and one end of the length or series is attached to the spindle
inside the cylinder, either by passing it through a slit made in the spindle for
the purpose, or in any other convenient manner. The other end of the series
or length of stamps is passed through a slit made vertically in the cylinder. A
short piece of the end stamp is allowed to project from this slit, so the entire
length, or any part thereof, may be drawn out, and stamps torn off as required.
When one end of the length is attached to the vertical spindle, the latter is to
be rotated by means of the thumb and finger, and lengths of stamps wound
thereon, leaving only a part of the end one projecting from the slit in the
cylinder.

page_text: These cylinders may be made of a variety of ornamental forms and mounted
in different manners, and by lengthening the central spindle or by em-
ploying two or, more spindles, two, three, or more different kinds of stamps
inay be enclosed in the same cylinder. The cylinders may be mounted hori-
zontally in bearings or standards, or vertically on a foot, so as to present the
appearance of a handsome column, the surface of which may either be
ornamented or made useful by covering the same with an almanack, a list of
stamp duties payable on letters of various weights, or on bill stamps of various
amounts, or any other useful information that may be desired may be attached
thereto; or the small cylinders may be adapted to various kinds of ornamental
figures, such as men carrying. packs on their backs, soldiers, drummer boys, &c.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CASTING OF SAILORS' AND OTHER POCKET-KNIPE HANDLES AND SCALES
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Brown at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th June
1856.
I, EDWARD BROWN, of Henry Street Works, Sheffield, in the County of
York, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CASTING OF SAILORS' AND OTHER POCKET-KNIPE HANDLES
AND SCALES," to be as follows:-
My improvements and additions in the manufacture of sailors' and other
pocket-knife scales and hafts, consists in the casting of the two scales or hafts
together, by a union of the metal with the two scales or hafts on the back
part of the pocket-knife handle, by which the pocket-kuife becomes stronger
and also much cheaper than when the scales or hafts are cast separately.
What I claim as new is, the union of the two scales or hafts in the casting of
the said scales or hafts.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN WEAVING WHEN JACQUARD OR OTHER ORNAMENTING APPARATUS IS EMPLOYED
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Christopher Nickels and James
Hobson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 17th June 1856.
We, CHRISTOPHER NICKELS, of the Albany Road, in the County of Surrey
and JAMES HOBSON, of Leicester, do hereby declare the nature of the Inven-
tion for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN WEAVING WHEN JACQUARD OR OTHER ORNAMENTING
APPARATUS IS EMPLOYED," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the more uniform delivery and tension of
the warp threads or yarns wound upon the bobbins used when weaving by
jacquard or other ornamenting apparatus. For this purpose, the unwinding
of the thread or yarn from the bobbins is caused to take place in the opposite
direction to that generally adopted; that is, the revolution of the bobbin is in
the opposite direction to the delivery of the warp thread or yarn. The warp
thread or yarn, in this arrangement, passes from the under side of the bobbin
over or partly around a framed or open lever, which rests on the surface of the
yarn or thread wound on the bobbin, and from thence over a fixed rod or wire
which supports the levers of another row of bobbins. A dancing weight is
hung on the warp thread, between the fixed rod or wire and the lever it passes
over, so that the warp thread or yarn is caused to descend with the weight, and,
the open lever is caused to press on the surface of the yarn; the bobbin and

page_text: the weight is raised by the taking up of the yarn in weaving. The pressure
of the yarn on the open lever, and the friction of the yarn passing around
it being reduced, the bobbin will be allowed to revolve to give off more yarn,
until the weight again descends low enough to give the required pressure and
friction to arrest its further descent, and so hold the bobbin until a further
delivery of the yarn is required.
AN IMPROVED DRYING APPARATUS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Gray at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd October
1856.
I, THOMAS GRAY, of the Ratcliff Works, Rose Lane, Stepney, in the
County of Middlesex, Ink Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED DRYING APPARATUS," to be as follows:-
I cause to be erected a brick, or stone, or iron work furnace, of any required
shape and dimensions, and for the purpose of economising the heat and fuel
generated and used therein I insert in openings left for that purpose in either of
the sides thereof, and also for allowing the passage of the apparatus herein-after
described, one or more doors without hinges, made to rise and fall vertically in
grooves without any flues to such furnace, so that no beat shall escape therefrom
when the furnace is in use, except through the openings of such doors or the fire
holes of such furnace, which fire holes may be one or more in number according
to the size of the furnace and for the purpose of speedily and effectually drying
any materials composed of animal or vegetable substances, or both. I cause
the following apparatus to be constructed, that is to say, I fix a double line of
metal rails (similar to a railway) in the interior of the said furnace opposite to
each of the said sliding doors and reaching from such doors to the opposite side
of the said furnace, such rails being supported on uprights from within the
furnace for the purpose of allowing the heat to pass without obstruction under
the said rails, and I then construct a framework or carriage on wheels made
to run upon the said rails, and of such width as to allow the said framework

page_text: to pass freely into and out of the said furnace through the said openings therein,
and of such depth or length as may be required according to the size of furnace
and the said openings therein. I then cause to be made a wirework structure
or frame, in the form of a hollow cylinder, with a convenient opening in some
part of the sides thereof, for the purpose of putting therein and removing
therefrom the materials intended to be dried, and one of such wirework frames
is to be fixed or attached to each of the before described carriages upon upright
bearings fixed thereto, so that the said wirework frame may be made easily
to revolve on such bearings for the purpose of turning the material to be dried
in such furnace, by means of a handle to be fixed to such wirework frame,
when required, by passing the same through a hole to be left in each of the
said sliding doors for that purpose, thereby obviating the necessity of with-
drawing the material from the furnace until it is completely dried, by which
means, and the material being placed loosely therein, the heat of the furnace
is distributed equally over the surfaces of the said material and a great saving
of time is thereby gained in the process of drying, and the material is more
effectually and completely dried than by other processes now in use for that
purpose.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER BY GASES OR FLUIDS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Armand Louis André Herbelot at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th August 1856.
I, ARMAND LOUIS ANDRÉ HERBELOT, Mechanician, of the Town of Paris, in
the French Empire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER BY GASES OR FLUIDS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in obtaining motive power by employing compressed
air, or other gas or gases, or a fluid, in the following manner :-The gas or fluid
is introduced into an air-tight case, which contains a shaft or spindle that has
fixed thereto or formed thereon a helix or thread, or helicies or threads, of
uniform breadth and thickness. The gas or fluid, by exerting unbalanced
pressures on abutments, formed either at the extremities of the helix or helices,
or otherwise, communicates rotary motion to the aforesaid shaft or spindle, and
by means of it to an external shaft, by means of which machinery of any
description may be driven.
A METHOD OR METHODS OF PURIFYING COAL WITHOUT DECARBONISATION
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Auguste Mathieu Maurice
de Bergevin at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 21st November 1856.
I, AUGUSTE MATHIEU MAURICE DE BERGEVIN, of Sermon Lane, in the City
of London, Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"A METHOD OR METHODS OF PURIFYING COAL WITHOUT DECARBONISATION" to be as
follows:-
The object of my Invention is to deprive coal of its defective qualities, by
subjecting it to certain chemical preparation, which absorbs and neutralise
these defects, whereby, in burning, the coal will omit but little smoke and
smoke vapour, and will not form with intense heat, clinker or cake together,
and will be applicable to the furnaces of locomotives and other boilers, as well
as to the domestic and manufacturing purposes generally.
In the particular quality of the coal to be operated on, and according to the
uses to which it is to be applied, I immerse, dip, or place it in a bath of or
with one or other of the following compositions:-
No. 1, sulphuret of calcium, anhydrate, chloride, or other forms of lime,
petrolum or coal tar, sulphate of iron, nitrate of potasse, or other salts,
sulphuric acid dissolvd or held in water.

page_text: No. 2, the same ingredients as No. 1, with bicarbonate of soda added.
No. 3, the same as No. 1 & 2, with the additions of asbestos.
No. 4, the same as No. 1, 2, & 3 with sulphate of zinc, muriate of mag-
nesia, and the double salts of manganese and zinc.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC ENGINES
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Aimé Lecocq at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th December
1856.
I, AIME LECOCQ, of France, Contractor, do hereby declaro the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC ENGINES," to be as follows:-
These improvements consist in an arrangement by which the pressure of
the water flowing from a basin or reservoir, and falling down in the buckets
of a wheel enclosed on both sides, causes this wheel to turn and carry the
water up through a syphon-like canal to another basin or reservoir, from
whence part of the water may flow and impart motion to another wheel, which
latter, as well as the first one, may serve then as a prime mover for any
machinery.
AN IMPROVED GREASE BOX FOR AXLES, JOURNALS, AND OTHER ROTARY PARTS OF MACHINERY
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Victor Jeanne, Adolphe Martin, and
Michel Edmond Martin at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 9th January 1856.
We, VICTOR JEANNE, ADOLPHE MARTIN, and MICHEL EDMOND MARTIN,
Engineers, of Paris, Empire of France, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED GREASE BOX FOR AXLES, JOURNALS, AND OTHER
ROTARY PARTS OF MACHINERY," to be as follows:-
The great speed given to the rolling stock of railways soon imparts to the
axle journals a temperature such as to liquefy the grease, and to make it
escape without producing any working power; its heat is even often so great
as to ignite it.
The nature of our Invention relates to do away with those defects, by
modifying somewhat the construction of the grease boxes, and by using water
in sufficient quantity for cooling the said pieces. The said modifications are
little expensive, since they consist of a water tank, that may be adapted beneath
a seat, &c., and a pipe, one part of which is formed of metal and one of
caoutchouc, connecting the said reservoir with the lower part of the grease box.
A cock is secured to the pipe, allowing to regulate the passage of the water
according to exigencies; another cock is adapted at the lower part of the
grease box, to empty it completely as often as required.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN COLLAPSIBLE OR FOLDING HATS AND BONNETS, AND IN FLEXIBLE ARTICLES TO BE APPLIED TO OTHER COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lodowiska Bonnard at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd April
1856. A communication from his Father, Jean Baptiste Bonnard, of
Paris.
1, LODOWISKA BONNARD, of Tottenham Court Road, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for 'IMPROVE-
MENTS IN COLLAPSIBLE OR FOLDING HATS AND BONNETS, AND IN FLEXIBLE ARTICLES
TO BE APPLIED TO OTHER COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD, to be as follows:-
The Invention of improvements in collapsible or folding hats or bonnets,
and in flexible articles to be applied to other coverings for the bead, refers, in
the first place, to a hat or bonnet for ladies, and consists in constructing the
body of the hat or bonnet with a number of strips of whalebone or other
suitable material in casings in the soft material of the article, which gives it
vertical stiffness. The tip or crown is quite pliable and may be crumpled up.
The brim is of large diameter, and extends all round and acts as a sun shade;
it is formed of soft pliable material, having a number of radial casings, in
which are whalebone strips or other stiff material. At the inner circumference
this is secured to the lower part of the body, and extends therefrom as usual;
but in order to support it, a pliant material is attached all round the body
near the top, and also to the brim about midway of its breadth. The brim
and body have a separation on one side, from which the brim closes and opens

page_text: in the manner of a fan. The hat or bonnet keeps out stiff when secured open
and on the head, but may be collapsed and rolled up in a small space and tied
in that form by the ordinary ribbon fastenings of the bonnet. A hat may
similarly constructed for gentlemen.
The second part refers to the application of the flexible brim, with it several
radial stiffenings of whalebone to a man's hat as a sun shade. In this case
these stiffeners are alternately placed in casings above and below the brim, so
that when applied to the hat they alternately come above and below the brim,
whereby it is kept extended. This flexible extending brim has a separation at
one side for its removal from the hat, when it may be collapsed into a small
space, and so tied up for portability when not in use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY BRAKES
Year: 1856

page_text: application, for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by.the Act.)..
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederic Howorth Edwards at
the Office-of-the-Commissioners of Patents, with his -Petition,-on-the
12th March 1856.
I, FREDERIC: HOWORTH EDWARDS, of the Town and County of Newcastle-
upon-Tyne, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY BRAKES" to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to a mechanical arrangement whereby a frictional
retarding action may be instantaneously brought to bear upon a railway train
with a power variable at will from the slightest breaking or retarding force to
the complete locking of the whole of the wheels of the train. Such arrangement,
therefore, answers as well for securing the ordinary retarding effect necessary
for the usual working of the train as for an almost instantaneous stop for prevent-
ing accidents from collisions and other sources of casualties. Each carriage in
the train has attached to its central part, beneath the framing, a short horizontal
cylinder to receive two pistons, which pistons may either be of the common
kind or composed of two metal disc plates, embracing a flexible cupped or
dished packing piece fitting to the cylinder. This cylinder has a stuffing box
at each end, the packing being, by preference, a flexible cupped ring embracing
the piston rod, and contained in a small gland or packing chamber cast on the
cylinder cover. The rods of the two pistons pass respectively fore and aft
through the two stuffing boxes, far enough to reach the two axles of the car-

page_text: riage. These rods need be cylindrical only for the actual distance required for
the traverse of the pistons; beyond this part they may be flat or rectangular
in section, and each is finally connected to a duplex knee-joint link arrange-
ment or parallelogram of lings on the "lazy tongs" plan, working in a slotted
bracket attached to the framing, and connected with a pair of clipping wood
blocks which embrace the running axle of the carriage wheels. The inward
traverse of the pistons thus causes the fore and aft pairs of brake blocks to clip
more or less severely upon the axle, so as to retard the train in proportion to
the quantity of steam admitted to the cylinders. Various other mechanical
arrangements may be adopted for giving the necessary brake action. The
pressure cylinders are connected with each other and with the locomotive
boiler by flexible tubing; the joint connections of the tubing being made by
turning the ends over ferrules, and then screwing these parts together.
With this arrangement steam from the locomotive boiler may be admitted
into every cylinder in the train, the steam being conducted in at the two ends
of the cylinder, in each case, so as to cause the two pistons to advance towards
each other, and draw all the brake blocks into simultaneous action throughout
the train.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS AND OTHER COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD, AND OF PARTS THEREOF
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gustavus Palmer Harding at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
6th September 1856.
I, GUSTAVUS PALMER HARDING, of Kingsland, in the County of Middlesex,
Warehouseman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS AND OTHER COVERINGS FOR THE
HEAD, AND OF PARTS THEREOF," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in manufacturing velvet bonnets, and cloth and velvet
hats, and other coverings for the head, whether intended for men or women's
wear, and also parts of cloth and velvet hats, bonnets, and other similar articles
without stitching or sewing, by blocking the cloth or velvet into any desired
form, and then cementing it on to a shape corresponding to the form on which
the cloth or velvet was blocked. In order to make the hat, bonnet, or other
covering, or part thereof, waterproof, I use a waterproof cement, or I employ
cloth or velvet previously waterproofed. I do not confine myself to any par-
ticular method of carrying my Invention into effect, but I consider the following
advantageous, and I desire to secure the same, for manufacturing cloth and
velvet hats, bonnets, and other coverings, and parts thereof, according to my
For
improvements. I use steam for blocking the piece of cloth or velvet.
cloth, I place it on the block in a wet state and pass a heated iron over it:
and for velvet, I place it over steam until the fabric is rendered sufficiently
lastic to stretch to the form of the block, so that the part of the cloth or velvet

page_text: thereon may be smooth and even. I then remove the cloth or velvet from the
block, and place it on a shape corresponding to the form, having previously
coated the shapo with a mixture of gelatine and starch, or other adhesive
composition, and I then remove the parts of the velvet or cloth which are not
required to form the hat or bonnet, &c.
The shapes which I generally employ for the purposes of my Invention are
shapes of a light unvarnished material, and of the description known as
milliners' shapes. I make parts of hats, bonnets, or other like coverings,
according to my improvements, which may be made up into a complete article
by the addition of portions otherwise made.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING FOR DOUBLING OR SPINNING COTTON OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1856

page_text: This Invention received Provisional Protection, out notice to
roceed
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Thatcher at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th January
1856.
I, ROBERT THATCHER, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, Cotton
Spinner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING FOR DOUBLING OR SPINNING COTTON OR OTHER FIBROUS
SUBSTANCES" to be as follows, and consists in a new method of treating the
produce of what is commonly known as the condensing carding engine:―
Hitherto the coils from the carding engine have been passed through the
drawing frame, or, as in the case of spinning and carding room sweepings,
direct to the spinning frame, whether a mule or a roving frame. To this
latter material, oily waste spinning and carding room sweepings, though
I do not confine myself to it, my Invention more particularly refers. But
in my improved method I subject the coils from the carding engine to a
succession of easy draughts, by which means I obtain a result in the case of
sweepings not before arrived at. The machine best adapted to carrying out
this object, a succession of easy draughts,. is that known as the slubbing frame.
But I do not confine myself to the use of one slubbing frame only, as a series
of two or more slubbing frames will in many cases be found advantageous.
But although the slubbing frame is that which I consider best adapted to my

page_text: purpose, yet the present arrangement of the rollers in these frames does not
sufficiently carry out my object. The present plan of regulating the draught
is by a change of wheels altering the speed of the rollers. But I cannot by
this plan obtain a draught sufficiently easy. I therefore reduce the diameter
of the rollers, and particularly the middle roller, and also bring the rollers
much closer together.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF APPLYING DIASTASE & HEAT TO THE SACCHA- RIFICATION OF STARCH
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Talbot Pitman at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th January
1856.
I, JOHN TALBOT PITMAN, of the American & European Patent Offices, 67,
Gracechurch Street, London, do hereby declaro the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF APPLYING DIASTASE & HEAT TO THE SACCHA-
RIFICATION OF STARCH," a communication from Frans Victor Oscar Hyckert, of
Stockholm, Sweden, to be as follows:-
The Invention depends upon the following facts:-1st, that diastase is
readily soluble in water; 2d, that starch, being composed of an envelope or
integument, and a soluble portion called amidinc, the first action of the diastase
upon it is to loosen or bust the envelope, after which it comes in contact with
the amidine, which it converts into sugar; 3d, that this loosening or burst-
ing of the envelope of the starch may also be effected by heat, but tho
temperature required is higher than that at which the diastase can exert its
saccharifying power.
In my new process, while I make use of heat, I yet preserve all the
saccharifying power of the diastase. The diastase contained in ground malt
designed for the mashing operation is dissolved in water, which is afterwards
drawn off through the false bottom of the mash tub. A considerable portion

page_text: of diastase is still retained in the wet mass remaining in the tub, in order to
save which this mass is mashed in the ordinary way and then boiled, or brought
to a temperature sufficiently high to break the integuments of the grains or
cells of starch; afterwards the mass is allowed to cool down to a point at
which the diastase is capable of exerting its saccharifying power. The dissolved
diastase is divided into as many portions as there are wettings to be made, and
these portions are successively added to the boiled malt. This produces a fresh
cooling, and the malt must again be brought up to the temperature suitable for
saccharification. By this process, the object of which is to allow the heat to
perform the first action of the diastase, by breaking the starch envelopes without
depriving the diastaso of its saccharifying power, all the starch is converted
into sugar, which considerably increases the quantity of wort produced.
AN IMPROVED CHURN
Year: 1856

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Warren, John Jones, and
Benjamin Crowther at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 21st July 1856.
We, JAMES WARREN, Carpenter, JOHN JONES, Gentleman, and BENJAMIN
CROWTHER, Gentleman, all of the Clapham Road, in the County of Surry, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED CHURN,"
to be as follows:-
On a pair of rockers we propose to place four standards of any convenient
height in such wise as to allow a box or case to swing between (or the case
may be made to move by the action of the rockers only without swinging).
To secure the tops of the uprights in position, two cross bars pass over, covered
with tubing, so as to allow the cross bars or rods to work therein. Between
the framing so formed the box or "churn" is attached or suspended. This
churn box may be made of any suitable material, form, or size; is provided
with a lid, into which the milk is poured; the churn is then set in motion,
similarly to a swing or child's cradle, and in a short time the butter is formed;
the buttermilk is strained off through a tap in the casing. One or more holes
or perforations is are made in the top of the casing to allow air to escape.
5 APPARATUS FOR COLLECTING AND CONDENSING SMOKE AND GASES GENERATED IN FURNACES
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Josiah Harris, at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th August 1856.
I, JOSIAH HARRIS, of Dolgelly, in the County of Merioneth, North Wales,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
5 APPARATUS FOR COLLECTING AND CONDENSING SMOKE AND GASES GENERATED IN
FURNACES," to be as follows:-
An iron fan composed of two or more blades constructed to revolve in a
chamber having a communication by means of a pipe with the furnace or
flues. Another pipe from the chamber passes into a receiver containing
water. The fan is revolved by steam or other power, whereby the smoke and
gases are collected from the furnaces and flues, & forced into the receiver con-
taining the water, and become condensed. The deposit, being principally
carbon, is afterwards separated from the water and re-used as fuel.
A METHOD OF DISENGAGING METALS FROM THE MATRIX
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Eyre Wyche at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th October
1856. Partly a communication.
I, THOMAS EYRE WICHE, of Camberwell, in the County of Surrey, Gentle-
man, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A METHOD OF
DISENGAGING METALS FROM THE MATRIX," to be as follows:-
I take the quartz or other substances in which the metal or metals is or are
embedded, and having broken the same into convenient pieces, put them into
a steam-tight boiler or other vessel with a quantity of water, and add thereto
sufficient caustic alkali. I then apply heat until the mixture boils, and con-
tinue the same under pressure as long as may be necessary to cause the alkali
to act upon and dissolve the quartz or other matrix, leaving the metal free as
a residuum. This plan is applicable to metals either in a state of oxide or
acid, or in the native state.
A NEW AND IMPROVED METHOD OF MANUFACTURING COPPER ROLLERS FOR CALICO PRINTING
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Jenkins at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd April
1856.
I, WILLIAM JENKINS, of Neath Abbey, in the County of Glamorgan,
Moulder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for A NEW AND
IMPROVED METHOD OF MANUFACTURING COPPER ROLLERS FOR CALICO PRINTING, to
be as follows:-
A sheet or cake of copper of suitable dimensions is to be "rolled" or
hammered, in either a heated or cold state, until the metal is rendered
sufficiently dense or solid for the surface required to be afterwards produced
upon it, and is then to be bent, by means of "rollers" or other suitable
machinery, into a cylindrical shape or form, the edges being unjoined. The
edges are to be joined together and the cylinder made complete by the action
of melted metal poured upon and between them until they are fused, so that
the metal so poured and the edges of the cylindrical form become incorporated,
or welded, or joined together, producing a cylinder or roller.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OP ZINC AND ZINC WHITE
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Titterton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th May
1856.
I, CHARLES TITTERTON, of Roehampton, in the County of Surrey, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OP ZINC AND ZINC WHITE," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of zinc
and zinc white, and the improvements consist,―
Firstly, of employing the refuse, skimmings, and dross obtained from various
branches of manufactures where zinc is employed; and in using such matters,
they are introduced into a muffle or retort, mixed with broken coke or carbon.
The muffle or retort used is provided with a tube or passage at the upper part
leading to the white zinc chamber, and a tube or outlet at the lower part for
the passage of the melted zinc.
Secondly, when using ores of zinc in the manufacture of zinc white, in order
to obtain cadmium for the most part separate from the zinc white, the
apparatus is arranged with two chambers, one to receive the first products,..
which contain the cadmium, and the other chamber to receive the zinc white..
The passages leading to the separate chambers are provided with valves or
slides to close one passage when the other is open. By which arrangement

page_text: the first vapours, passing off, which are for the most part cadmium, will pass
into the cadmium chamber, and are there condensed, the air or gas passing
through a suitable screen; such passage being then shut, and the other opened,
the vapours of zinc will be oxidized and received into the proper chamber.
Thirdly, in constructing the screen in the chambers, it is important that the
surfaces thereof should be kept free of oxides, for which purpose the screens
are each suspended on leather or other suitable flexible material around the
frame of the screens, and there is in each case a rod or wire passing through
passing through the frame with stops thereon; hence by pulling or moving the
frame at intervals against the stop, the whole of the frame is so completely
shaken as to detach the oxides from the surface of the screens.
Fourthly, the Invention consists in subjecting white zinc to hydraulic
pressure in order to obtain "body" when using it as paint.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING. THE CONSUMPTION OF SMOKE IN STEAM BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES
Year: 1856

page_text: Sealed 6th May 1856, and dated 4th March 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Lodge, the elder,
John Ogden, and George Lodge, the younger, at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 4th March 1856.
We, GEORGE LODGE, the elder, Engineer, JOHN OGDEN, Engineer, and
GEORGE LODGE, the younger, Manufacturer, all of Leeds, in the County of
York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING. THE CONSUMPTION OF SMOKE IN STEAM BOILER AND
OTHER FURNACES, to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to introduce streams of air into the flame
and gases generated in steam boiler and other furnaces while passing or
after they have passed the bridge, and thus to effect the combustion of any
smoke that may be passing of from the fire-place; this we effect by the

page_text: employment of an air-distributing apparatus of a peculiar construction,
supplied by air directly from the ash-pit or from a tube running under the
ash-pit. This apparatus consists of a hollow pillar, which carries at a level
a little above the furnace bridge an air chamber, formed somewhat like a
flattened tube, and provided with a series of holes in its opposite sides, for the
purpose of distributing (in streams) the air which passes up the hollow pillar
from the ash-pit or air supply tube. This air-distributing apparatus we prefer
to make of fire-brick or fire-clay, to prevent its rapid destruction by the
flame that plays around it; and when applying our Invention to waggon
boilers, we propose to have two such air-distributing tubes or chambers set
at any suitable distance apart. In some kinds of boilers we may find it de-
sirable to make the bridge the supporting medium for the air chamber or
chambers, and in that case we form the bridge hollow, so as to connect the air
distributors with the air supply pipe or ash-pit.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SHAFTING FOR MILL AND ENGINE PURPOSES, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE MANUFACTURE OF SHAFTS, POLES, BEAMS, MASTS, SPARS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES, IN WHICH GREAT STRENGTH OR LIGHTNESS, OR BOTH THESE QUALITIES COMBINED, MAY BE REQUISITE
Year: 1856

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Newman and William
Whittle at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 23rd January 1856.
We, JAMES NEWMAN, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manu-
facturer, and WILLIAM WHITTLE, of Smethwick, in the County of Stafford,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SHAFTING FOR MILL AND ENGINE PURPOSES, WHICH
IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE MANUFACTURE OF SHAFTS, POLES,
BEAMS, MASTS, SPARS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES, IN WHICH GREAT STRENGTH
OR LIGHTNESS, OR BOTH THESE QUALITIES COMBINED, MAY BE REQUISITE," to be
as follows, that is to say:-
Our improvements, consist in manufacturing the articles above named in
manner similar to that practised in carrying out an Invention for "Improve-
ments in the manufacture of axles," for which Her Majesty's Letters Patent,
bearing date the 16th day of July, A.D. 1855, have been granted to us, by
making them tubular, and strengthening them in the inside with a bar or bars
running the whole length in a diametrical or radial direction in the cross
section, so that when four bars or arms are employed which meet, and are

page_text: welded in the centre, the transverse section shews the form of a cross within
a circle. Should it be required to make the .articles solid instead of tubular,
or partly solid and partly tubular, rods of the requisite section and length
are inserted into the hollow spaces, and welded. therein by rolling or otherwise.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF CLEANING, DRESSING, AND PREPARING A CERTAIN DESCRIPTION OF SEED OR GRAIN, CALLED "DARI," AND FREQUENTLY CALLED MILLET, AND THEREBY RENDERING THE SAME SUITABLE FOR FOOD
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Brown and George Brown at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
28th January 1856.
We, PETER BROWN, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Corn
Merchant, and GEORGE BROWN, of the same place, Corn Merchant, do hereby
declare the nature of our said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF
CLEANING, DRESSING, AND PREPARING A CERTAIN DESCRIPTION OF SEED OR GRAIN,
CALLED "DARI," AND FREQUENTLY CALLED MILLET, AND THEREBY RENDERING THE
SAME SUITABLE FOR FOOD," to be as follows:-
Hitherto the grain called "dari" has been comparatively useless as an
article of food, in consequence of the presence of its natural husks and other
impurities; whereas, by means of the use of our Invention, such grain or seed
may be rendered an excellent article for human consumption as food. Our
Invention consists in cleaning, dressing, or preparing the "dari," by the
adaptation thereto of a similar process, and the application and use of similar
machinery as is now employed in the cleaning and dressing of rice, and after-
wards grinding the "dari" into flour if required.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CAST STEEL TYRES FOR RAILWAY LOCOMOTIVE ENGINE AND CARRIAGE WHEELS
Year: 1856

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Bennett Howell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th June
1856.
I, JOSEPH BENNETT HOWELL, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Steel
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CAST STEEL TYRES FOR RAILWAY LOCOMOTIVE
ENGINE AND CARRIAGE WHEELS," to be as follows, that is to say:-
It consists in the construction of tyres for engine and carriage wheels of
cast steel, by casting them in a mould formed on or attached to the outer
rim or periphery of a disc, which is caused to rotate on its axis at a con-
siderable velocity, either vertically or horizontally. The centrifugal action, thus
obtained, causes the fluid metal to condense, & fill the mould much more
perfectly than would be the case if the operation were attempted in a state
of rest.
Rotation is continued until the metal has set, when the casting is removed
from the mould.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF ORNA- MENTAL FABRICS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Rudolph Hermann Schwabe at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st May 1856.
I, RUDOLPH HERMANN SCHWABE, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, Commission Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF ORNA-
MENTAL FABRICS," to be as follows, that is to say:
This Invention relates to a mode or modes of manufacturing ladies' dress
fabrics, as also ornamental fabrics applicable for other purposes, such as scarfs,
handkerchiefs, and other articles, in such way that the ornamental fringes of
the goods are wholly, or nearly so, produced in the loom. In weaving or
manufacturing ornamental fabrics intended for ladies' fringed flounce dresses,
an additional warp beam if fitted up alongside the ordinary body fabric warp
beam of the loom, and the warp from this beam is woven in along with the
rest of the material for the formation of the necessary fringes.
In the process of weaving, so long as plain body fabric only is required, the
additional warp is interwoven with the rest of the material just as in the
weaving of plain cloth; but when a fringe is to be formed across the width
of the piece, a sufficient length of the fringe warp is drawn forward by itself
by means of a rod or stretcher, so as to form a looped-up portion of such
warp, which portion is kept free and clear of the body of the fabric. In this
condition of the parts the plain weaving again goes on until the succeeding

page_text: fringe is to be made, and so on. Instead of weaving the fringe warp through-
out the body of the fabric, it may be used only at the actual fringe portions
by severing it after each fringe is made, so that the plain weaving can then
go on without it until the next fringe is to be made, when the severed end
of the warp from the beam is partially woven in, and the fringe produced as
before described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF USING EMERY, GLASS, AND SAND, OR OTHER SUB- STANCES ON LINEN OR OTHER MATERIAL, AND IN THE MACHINERY APPLICABLE TO THE MANUFACTURE THEREOF
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph William Schlesinger at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd January 1856.
I, JOSEPH WILLIAM SCHLESINGER, of Northfleet, in the County of Kent,.
Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF USING EMERY, GLASS, AND SAND, OR OTHER SUB-
STANCES ON LINEN OR OTHER MATERIAL, AND IN THE MACHINERY APPLICABLE TO THE
MANUFACTURE THEREOF," to be as follows:-
I make conical tubes of linen, or paper, or other material, which may be
readily fitted on a stick or handle, taking care that the sides of the linen,
or paper, or other material, are closely fastened by means of glue or other
adhesive substance, and when the tubes are perfectly dry I cover them with
glue or other adhesive matter upon which I immediately place emery powder,
ground glass, or sand, or any other substances having the same qualities. I
then make conical pieces of wood, on which these tubes are fitted; I prefer
having these pieces of wood in the shape of a file, as that form is the one
workmen are most accustomed to use, but the form of this bandle may of
course be varied, and may be made of any other material as well as wood.
The tube as above prepared, and put over the handle, has the appearance or

page_text: a continuous file, and thus being solid may be used for polishing metals or
other substances, and for all purposes for which emery paper, glass paper, or
other like polishing agents are at present employed, but with considerable
advantage in respect to the work done as well as a saving in expense.
As the tubes aro made in sizes, with handles for each size, the handle will
last for a very long period, the tube being slipped off when spoiled or used up,
and another tube slipped on.
The tubes as above described may be made by hand, but to manufacture
large quantities I have a machine consisting of a number of revolving cones
(or duplicate handles), of the same size as the tubes to be made. The tubes
are placed on these revolving cones, which are set in motion by wheels, and
whilst turning round the tubes are covered with the glue or similar substance,
and the emery or other powder, as above mentioned, is also put on whilst in
motion. This machine is worked by any of the ordinary motive powers.