IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING MACHINERY
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alexander Melville Clark, of Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, for the Invention of " IMPROVEMENTS
IN SPINNING MACHINERY." A communication from abroad by Jean Jacques
Bourcart, of Paris, France.
ealed the 12th August 1879, and dated the 4th March 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION filed by the said Alexander Melville Clark at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th March 1879.
ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING MACHINERY." [A communication
from abroad by Jean Jacques Bourcart, of Paris, France.]
This Invention of improvements in spinning machines consists (A) in the employ-
ment of a differential motion for increasing or reducing the speed of the drawing or
delivery rollers, the said differential gear being mounted directly upon the axis of
one of the rollers, or controlling such axis by intermediate gear, such as toothed
wheels, racks, chains, or other devices, the object of the differential motion being to
regulate the speed of the delivery rollers by the motion of the copping rail, or by
the rate at which the yarn is wound on the bobbins, in which case it is governed
by the rotation of the spindles (B) in the employment of a conoidal drum acting
through a bowl and lever frame upon a toothed sector for varying the speed of the
copping rail (C) in driving the spindles at varying velocities by means of a conoidal
drum, which through a bowl and frame or lever like that above mentioned, and
two cones or friction surfaces, rotates the drum or drums from which the spindles
are driven, and drives the spindles at a velocity corresponding with the velocities
at which the yarn should be wound upon the spindle, according to the form to be
given to the bobbin or cop (D), in the application of either or all of the above
improvements to mules and to other continuous machines for winding, twisting, or
spinning fibrous and other matters, but more particularly in the application to
mules of the winding on arrangements of continuous spinning frames, that is to
say, of spindles with flyers or rings and travellers, also the application of thread
guides placed above the spindles and fixed to the carriage, whether the latter be
movable or not (E), in the employment of a novel form of traveller in ring spinning
Price le 471

page_text: machines, the distinctive feature of which is, that it extends past the axis of the
spindle, and acts as a lever which assists, more or loss, according to its length, tho
motion of the traveller around the ring. Also in the employment of a weight to
increase or reduce the effect of the centrifugal force, and so to diminish the friction
of the traveller on the ring, or to increase the pressure of the traveller against the
bobbin. Also in the employment of a rotary guide or carrier for the thread during
the winding on which assists the revolution of the traveller around the ring, thus
relieving the thread of the tension, which without it would be necessarily exerted
to carry round the traveller. It is operated independently of the spindle, and may
be in the form of an open or closed flyer, and may be mounted to rotate either upon 1
the spindle itself or on an axis in line with the spindle but independent thereof;
it may also be operated direct or by means of a frictional surface, without partici-
pating in the copping motion which is not performed by the flyer, but by a separato
winding device capable of being connected with the rotary thread guide or carrier
if desired, as in Figure 8. The Invention also consists in the employment of a disc
mounted concentrically upon the tip of the spindle with which it turns, and capable
of being removed for doffing the bobbins, the said disc being roughened on its edge
with which the thread is in contact to facilitate the revolution of the traveller upon
the ring when the tension of the thread is excessive. This disc may be replaced by
any suitable drag, for example, by a second ring and traveller which fulfils the
same object as the disc with roughened edge. The rotary thread carrier and
spindle are driven at different velocities independently of each other by means of
one or more drums, the rotary carrier or the spindle, or both, being operated by
friction gear or other means adopted in spinning machines. It also consists in the
application of a thread guide moving with the copping rail or parallel therewith.
A. APPLICATION OF DIFFERENTIAL MOTION TO DRAWING ROLLERS TO REGULATE
THE TENSION OF THE YARN DURING THE WINDING ON.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings shows a section of the differential gear
which is mounted on the axis of drawing roller C, Figure 2. This gear consists of
a drum B, B', having an internal and external ring of teeth; two pinions D, D',
mounted upon pins fixed to the differential disc, and gearing with the internal ring
of teeth, and with a pinion E fixed on the axis of the drawing roller C, or on the
nearest shaft thereto, and a driving pulley D² attached to the disc. This differential
motion is driven on the one hand by driving shaft A, and level gear 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 0,
7; the latter gearing with the outer ring of teeth on wheel B, and on the other
hand by the copping rail G₁, and intermediate parts G, a, b, c, d, which by the
rising and falling of the copping rail, impart alternate circular motion to the pulley
D², whereby the motion of the copping rail adds to or takes away from the speed
transmitted from shaft A, to drawing roller C. Instead of a driving pulley D² and
chain C, a toothed wheel or sector D2 and rack C, as shown in Figure 3, may be
employed. Instead of mounting the differential gear upon the axis of the delivery
roller, it may bo carried upon an intermediate axis, and this, whether the differential
gear be arranged as in Figure 1, or in Figure 4, in which latter example the shaft A
drives the covering plate Ď³, which may either be a toothed wheel or pulley, while
the copping rail G, G', operates the toothed drum B, B². Bevel gear as in Figure 5
may be substituted.

page_text: tension of the yarn in order to carry round the traveller, as for example, a second
ring A¹ upon the spindle, and a second traveller B¹. T", T2, thread guides moving
with the copping rail.
Figure 7 shows the means for correcting any defects in the tension and twist
which the copping rail is ineffectual to remedy. It consists of a cam R acting
through a lever on the chain or rack connecting the copping rail and the differential
gear.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Alexander Melville Clark in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
3rd September 1879.
ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINNING MACHINERY." A communication
from abroad by Jean Jacques Bourcart, of Paris, France.
The objects of this Invention are as follows:-1st. In ring spinning frames the
winding on untwists the yarn one turn in every convolution wound upon the cop
(i.e., 5 to 10 per cent.), the result of which is that the tension of the yarn when
wound upon the cop is less at the interior where the coils are of small diameter
than at the exterior, where they are of larger diameter, and the drag would thus
be excessive if an extra amount of twist were not given to the yarn to counteract
this effect. In order to remedy this objection and others arising from the same
cause I give the front drawing rollers such speed relatively to that of the spindles
as will enable every part of the yarn to be wound with the exact amount of twist
it is intended to have, and neither more nor less.
. 2nd. The angle relatively-to the ring at which the pull of the yarn acts on the
traveller varies with the diametor of the cop, that is to say, when winding on the
full diameter the traveller runs freely, the pull being nearly tangential to the ring,
but when winding on the smaller diameter the traveller (if such diameter be very
small) will not move and the yarn will be cut or broken, the pull being in this case
almost normal or radial to the ring. To avoid this objection I employ either an
elongated traveller extending obliquely from the ring across the bobbin, or a device
which carries round the yarn and traveller when the tension is greatest, or a rotary
flyer arm or thread carrier to assist the winding, still however retaining in all
cases the principle of the ring and traveller.
3rd. The length of yarn extending between the ring and thread board which
is carried round in space with the bobbin or cop is nearly 5 times as great at the
commencement of the lift as at the finish. This gives rise to two effects, viz., 1st,
the drag due to the resistance of the air varies with the length and velocity of the

page_text: yarn; and, 2nd, the angle made by the yarn in passing through the traveller is
variable, and the friction due thereto is consequently very variable, so that a
traveller of a weight which would allow of the winding being effected at the termi-
nation of the lift would not permit it to be done at the commencement. The above.
objections are avoided by making the distance of the thread board from the ring
invariable.
4th. The length of yarn delivered during the descent of the copping rail is
diminished to the extent of the motion of said rail, and the frictional angle of the
yarn in the traveller is smaller; the length of yarn delivered during the rise of the
copping rail is augmented to the same extent, and the friction angle of the yarn in.
the traveller is greater. There is consequently greater tension on the yarn during
the descent than during the ascent of the copping rail. I remedy this defect by
supplying more yarn during the former and less during the latter movement, and
also by regulating the angle of friction in the traveller by means of a peculiar form
of ring.
5th. In piecing up yarns it is difficult to find the broken end without doffing the
bobbin or cop, as the copping rail is in the way when it covers the conical end or
nose; hence it is impossible to wind upon the bare spindle as it could not be doffed.
To avoid this I divide the copping rail into as many movable parts as there
are rings, and make each spindle capable of being lifted high enough for the.
purpose.
6th. The spindles are generally difficult to remove, and the bolsters and footsteps
cannot be readily cleaned, regulated, or replaced. To avoid these objections I make
these parts in several pieces and of suitable dimensions.
7th. Hitherto only irregularly and in general highly twisted yarn has been
wound, whereas by the present improvements I am enabled to wind on yarn with
as little twist as may be desired, uniformly equal in amount; and I am also enabled
to wind upon the bare spindle itself without a cop tube.
The following is a summary of the improvements:-
§ A. Application of a motion for regulating the speed of the drawing rollers of
continuous spinning machines according to the varying speed at which the yarn is
wound upon the spindles, or with the object of obtaining a particular amount of
twist at certain parts of the yarn, said motion being similar to that employed for
driving the spindles, and with the same object; for example, a pair of differential
cones or friction discs, or a conical friction disc.
§ B. A varying motion of the copping rail.
C. Novel arrangements for driving the spindles at varying speeds.
SD. Application of the improvements comprised under §§ A, B, C, to mules.
§E. Novel arrangements of the various parts of the winding on mechanism.
$A. Application of a differential motion to the drawing rollers to regulate the
tension of the yarn during the winding on.-FIRST ARRANGEMENT, Figures 1
and 2.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings shows a section of the differential gear
which is mounted on the axis of drawing roller C, Figure 2. This gear consists of
5 a drum B, B', having an internal and external ring of teeth of two pinions D, D¹,
mounted upon studs fixed to the differential disc, and gearing with the internal
ring of teeth and with a pinion E fixed on the axis of the drawing roller C, or on
the nearest shaft thereto; and of a driving pulley D attached to the disc. This
differential motion is driven on the one hand by driving shaft A and bevel gear
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, the latter gearing with the outer ring of teeth on wheel B, and on
the other hand by the copping rail G' and intermediate parts G, a, b, c, d, which by
the rising and falling of the copping rail impart alternate circular motion to the
pulley D², whereby the motion of the copping rail adds to or takes away from the
speed transmitted from shaft A to drawing roller C. Instead of a driving pulley D.
5 and chain c a toothed wheel or sector D and rack C, as shown in Figure 3, may be
employed. Instead of mounting the differential gear upon the axis of the delivery
roller it may be carried upon an intermediate axis, and this.whether. the differential

page_text: gear be arranged as in Figure 1 or as in Figure 4, in which latter example the
shaft A drives the covering plate D³, which may either be a toothed wheel or
pulley, while the copping rail G, G³, operates the toothed drum B, B'. Bevil gear
as in Figure 5 may be substituted for the arrangement, Figure 4.
SECOND ARRANGEMENT, Figuros 6, 7, and 8.
Figure 6 shows a face view of the principal parts of a spinning frame; Figure 7
is an end view and Figure 8 a transverse section taken through the drawing rollers.
A, driving shaft; B, friction disc; C, imoveable friction disc; D, delivery roller
shaft; E, shaft of cone drums; F, slidng rod; F¹, cone drum; G, cone drum for
copping rail carrying the rings; H, shaft for driving spindles; I, friction disc;
K, differential wheel; L, flyer; M, spindle; 1 to 16, train of wheels.
Shaft A transmits motion to friction disc B fixed on its axis or on another shaft,
in which case it is driven through the gear wheels 1, 2, 3, 4. Said friction disc B
drives another friction disc C movable along its shaft, nearer to or farther from the
centre of disc B by means of sliding rod F, operated by an advancing and rotating
cone F on cone shaft E, which is driven by friction disc I. The friction disc Č
drives the delivery rollers D by the train of wheels 5 to 12 and K, or without the
differential wheels 12 and K.
This same arrangement may be made to drive rollers D or spindles M relatively
slower or faster by making H the driving shaft and transmitting the required
difference in speed to the feed rollers D by a differential wheel K operated by inter-
mediate gear and cone drum G.
When it is desired to obtain a variable speed of the spindles with the same
apparatus I connect the friction disc C and the spindle driving shaft H by a pair
of bevel wheels 13 and 14, and from the driving shaft A motion is transmitted
direct to the delivery rollers D as usual in continuous spinning frames, or the
motion may be imparted to said rollers by bevel wheels 15, 16, and intermediate
gear
5 to 12. This arrangement allows of employing shaft A to drivo the flyer L,
shaft H to drive spindles M and rollers D, differential wheel K to compensate by
the action of cone G having both a longitudinal and rotary motion for the necessary
differences of speed in the delivery, and the friction disc B being common to all to
regulate the pressure of the flyers L against the yarns in winding them on the
spindles M, or the tension of the yarn through the medium of the spindles.
The relative proportions and arrangements of the parts will necessarily vary
according to the object desired and to the kind and size of machine to which they
are to be applied. Figure 8ª shows a method of controlling the speed of the
spindles and delivery rollers when friction gear are employed. A or B, friction disc
to which motion is imparted; C, C¹, C", regulator of the friction between A and B
consisting of a spring or weight with screw and nuts; D, friction shaft for trans-
mitting the motion to the delivery rollers and spindles.

page_text: The shaft H drives the spindles L, or they may be driven by drum M or two
drums M³, or drum M may be provided with a friction disc from which to drive the
flyer on the spindle. The shaft A imparts motion to shaft H by a band and inter-
mediate tension drum 2. The shaft C imparts motion to the flyer by a cord kept
in tension by drum 3 and also by drum M¹. The tension device 1 serves to keep
the bands of cones B, C, in tension.
When it is desired to impart a varying speed to the spindles with the same
apparatus C would be made the driving shaft and A the spindle driving shaft in
place of M or H while M would be driven from shaft C.
FOURTH ARRANGEMENT.
Figure 11 shows a general view, and Figures 12 and 13 a face view and transverse
section on a larger scale of the differential gear. In Figure 11, which represents
the frame of an ordinary continuous spinning frame. S, S¹, are toothed wheels for
driving the delivery rollers keyed on prolongations thereof. To these are applied
any suitable notion for connecting or controlling the speed of the delivery rollers
according to the varying rate at which the yarn is wound in order to give the
thread a particular twist at certain points, such speed being imparted to the
delivery rollers in any suitable manner, such as by a convex friction disc, whatever
may be the relative speed of the other parts of the machine.
1, driving drum; 2, pair of bevel wheels; 3, shaft of convex friction disc; 4, 5,
friction roller; 6, 7, endless screw gear; 8, 9, S¹, differential gear; m, shaft.
By an apppratus relatively differential motion necessary for controlling the speed
of the delivery rollers is imparted to shaft m by the intermediate gear 6, 7, 8, 9,
with or without a differential wheel apparatus. For example drum 1 operates
through gear wheels 2 the shaft 3 mounted in a suitable support and carrying a
convex friction disc 4 for transmitting motion through friction roller 5 to shaft m.
The cone drum 10 driven by shaft 11 serves to vary the position of disc 4 according
to the degree of twist to be put in the yarn, the couvex face of the disc being con-
centric with the arc in which it moves around shaft 1.

page_text: .
their relation the one to the other, according to the mode of winding on desired.'
Shaft H through the intermediate gear 12 to 15 drives shaft L of conoidal cam D,
and shaft F of regulator cam R mounted upon a prolongation of shaft L and in one
with a pinion loose on said shaft. a is a follower on the end of shaft L in contact
with cam R. The shaft drives cam R through pinion in the same direction as
shaft L, but at a higher or lower speed, so that shaft L is moved longitudinally at
each revolution, carrying with it the cam D. The cam D acting on follower a
oscillates the bearing C at same time that its face x, y, acts on the friction roller g of
a lever h to produce the traverse of the copping rail Q through the intermediate gear.
1
C.-METHOD OF DRIVING THE SPINDLES AT VARIABLE SPEEDS, Figures 22
and 23.
The conoidal drum H, as in Figures 22 and 23, imparts an alternate circular
motion to a frame upon shaft I carrying an arm K' and fork M₁ for shifting the
band Qon cone pulleys P', P". The cone pulley P which receives motion through P'
from the driving pulley P thus revolves at varying speeds according to the position
of the band Q on P¹, which variable speed is imparted to the spindles by any
known means, as for instance that shown in Figure 23. When using the arrange-
ment of spindles with rotary thread carriers or flyers hereinafter described and
shown in Figures 36, 37, and 38, two rollers K, Figure 24ª, are employed for driving
the two wharves f, N, on the spindles geared together by a band Q on the cone
pulleys P, P, and operated by friction. The band is shifted along said coned pulleys
by a conoidal drum in the same manner as band Q, Figure 22.
. D.-APPLICATION OF THE ABOVE IMPROVEMENTS COMPRISED IN § § A, B, C,
TO MULES.
'M, J, Figure 24, is a section of mule carriage; H, conoidal driver mounted on a
shaft h which is driven from A. by the intermediate gearing shown in Figure 16, or
its equivalent. The cone H imparts the copping motion to the rail G by bowl I
mounted in a frame carrying a sector K, pinion, L, and rack M. G', G, thread
boards mounted upon the carriage, whether the same be fixed or movable. The
drum A is operated in the manner described under § C so as to impart variable
motion to the spindles.
E. IMPROVED ARRANGEMENTS OF WINDING ON MECHANISM.
Figures 25 and 26 show a plan and section of a ring and traveller, the latter
being extended so as to act as a lever, of which y, Figure 26, is the fulcrum, z, the
point at which the force is applied for moving the traveller circularly around the
spindle, and x is the point of resistance to circular motion. By this novel applica-
tion of leverage y, z, the resistance ac may be diminished at will. The rim of ring A,
Figure 25, has an inclination corresponding to the resultant of the traction of the
yarn. The weight P, Figures 25, 26, &c., is applied in order in case of necessity to
increase or reduce the effect on the traveller of centrifugal force, or to increase the
pressure of the traveller against the cop. In Figures 26, 27, and 28, A. is the
ring, and B the annular traveller provided with gudgeons d, d, running in the
groove or race g of ring A. Figures 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, and 35 show various
forms of travellers, all of which have the same levor action.
In Figures 36, 37, 38, and 39 a, b, c, d, is a rotary thread carrier or flyer upon
the spindle, and rotated independently thereof by the friction of a cono coupling
upon the wharve or gear wheel f. The mode of driving the spindle is clearly shown
in these Figures.
DISC FIXED ON THE TIP OF SPINDLE.
a, b, Figure 36, is a disc mounted concentrically on the tip of the spindle, around
whose periphery the yarn rubs more or less according to its tension. This disc
which has a roughened edge may be replaced by any equivalent device acting in
proportion to the tension of the yarn in order to carry round the traveller, as for

page_text: example a second ring A' upon the spindle, and a second traveller B¹. T¹, T¹¹, thread
board moving with the copping rail; this may consist simply of an arm T¹, Tu,
or T, T, of suitable form, see Figure 36, mounted on the copping rail, and against
which the yarn being wound rubs from time to time or continuously in order to
guide it and prevent the thread flying out by centrifugal action.
Figure 15a shows the means for correcting any defects in the tension and twist
which the copping rail is ineffectual to remedy. It consists of a cam R acting
through a lever on the chain or rack connecting the copping rail and the differential
gear.
Figures 40 to 46,—A, copping rail; B, traveller; T, thread board; M, spindle;
L, flyer; N, spindle wharve; F, flyer wharve; a, b, roughened disc; c, d, friction
disc; Z, bolster; V, foot-step; Y, clutch; X, rest. These Figures illustrate different
arrangements of friction discs by which the motion of the traveller around the ring
is facilitated when the yarn is subject to excessive tension. Figures 40 to 45 also
represent different arrangements of flyers and spindles which may be driven
simultaneously at different speeds by means of one or more drums. In Figure 40,
M is an ordinary spindle driven at the desired speed by the wharve N with or
without a friction disc, and provided with a disc a, b, upon which rests a wire
flyer b, b, having eyes at top and bottom by which it is mounted loosely on the
spindle, and carrying the traveller B controlled by the copping rail A. As the
eyes b, b¹, are loose on the spindle it follows that when the tension on the yarn
becomes excessive the wire rubs against the roughened disc a, b, and is carried
round with the spindle, and when the tension is insufficient the wire rubs against A'
by the effect of centrifugal force. It is in this manner that the winding on and
tension of the yarn are regulated. The arrangement shown in Figure 41 may also
be used for the same purpose. In Figure 46 a disc a, b, of polygonal form is screwed
on the top of the spindle and serves to carry round the yarn when subject to too
great tension. X, Y, is a device for facilitating the recovery of a broken end; the
wire X is capable of being turned on its axis and has two rests X, X", which serve
to support a disc Y fixed on the spindle at one of two different heights according to
the position of the broken end to be recovered. In Figure 40 the same object is
facilitated by making each ring separately movable up or down on the copping
ail A (see Figure 43), or the spindle may be lifted and supported on X, in which
case it would be preferable to place X beneath the wharve N.
Figure 41 shows the arrangement of the winding on mechanism when the spindle
M and flyers L are driven by separate drums. The bolster Z is capable of being
unscrewed and is of sufficiently large diameter to allow of the spindle being with-
drawn through the opening. The same arrangement is also adapted in Figures 42,
43, and 44. The footstep V is made sufficiently long to enable the tip of the cop to
be withdrawn from ring A. When the spindle M is lifted without being entirely
withdrawn from the footstep V, the rest X, Figure 46, may be employed. The
flyer L has but one arm of oval section, weighted at F, and extending down through
the bolster Z to give it stability.
The Drawing also shows how the ring may be inserted in the copping rail A. from
below and fixed by screws, so as to permit of its adjustment. In this arrangement
an adjustable brake or drag, common to all, would be applied either to the spindle,
drum, or flyer drum. Figure 42 shows an arrangement of spindles and flyer having
the same kind of footstep V, bolster Z, and rest X, as in Figures 40, 41, and 46,
but in which the spindle M and flyer L are driven by two cords from a single drum
or two drums acting as one, the wharve F being of larger or smaller diameter than
N. The wharve N drives spindle M by a suitable friction disc c, d, such as that
indicated in Figure 43, composed of two circularly corrugated plates fitting one in
the other. The flyer is also connected to the ring by a double traveller B.
Figure 43 shows an arrangement of spindle and flyer driven by a single drum, or

page_text: two acting as one, but in which the flyer L is carried round by a pair of circularly
corrugated friction plates c, d. The flyer L is of oblong section, and carries with it
a spiral traveller B guided by the ring on the copping rail A, upon which is also
mounted a thread board T moving with it. The recovery of a broken end is
facilitated by making A in parts, one for each spindle, and capable of moving up
and down.
Figure 44 shows an arrangement of flyer similar to Figure 41 as regards the
motion, and to Figure 43 with regard to the copping rail.
Figure 45 shows an arrangement of flyer and spindle driven as before, but in
which the bolster Z and footstep V are screwed together.
This Invention of improvements in spinning machines thus consists :—
(A) In the employment of a differential motion for increasing or reducing the
speed of the drawing or delivery rollers, the said differential gear being mounted
directly upon the axis of one of the rollers, or controlling such axis by intermediate
gear such as toothed wheels, racks, chains, or other devices, the object of the differ-
ential motion being to regulate the speed of the delivery rollers by the motion of the
copping rail, or by the rate at which the yarn is wound on the bobbins, in which
case it is governed by the rotation of the spindles.
(B) In varying the speed of the up and down motion of the copping rail by the
employment of a conoidal drum, acting through a bowl and lever frame upon a
toothed sector.
(C) Driving the spindles at varying velocities by means of a conoidal drum,
which, through a bowl and frame or lever like that above mentioned, and two cones
or friction surfaces rotates the drum or drums from which the spindles are driven,
and drives the spindles at a velocity corresponding with the velocities at which the
yarn should be wound upon the spindle according to the form to be given to the
bobbin or cop.
(D) In the application of either or all of the above improvements to mules and
to other continuous machines for winding, twisting, or spinning fibrous and other
matters, but more particularly in the application to mules of the winding on
arrangements of continuous spinning frames, that is to say, of spindles with flyers,
or rings and travellers, also the application of thread guides placed above the
spindles and fixed to the carriage, whether the latter be movable or not.
(E) In the employment of a novel form of traveller in ring spinning machines,
the distinctive feature of which is, that it extends past the axis of the spindle and
acts as a lever which assists more or less, according to its length, the motion of the
traveller around the ring. Also in the employment of a weight to increase or reduce
the effect of the centrifugal force and so to diminish the friction of the traveller on
the ring, or to increase the pressure of the traveller against the bobbin. Also in
the employment of a flyer or rotary guide or carrier for the thread during the
winding on, which assists the revolution of the traveller around the ring, thus
relieving the thread of the tension which without it would be necessarily exerted
to carry round the traveller. It is operated independently of the spindle and may
be in the form of an open or closed flyer, and may be mounted to rotate either upon
the spindle itself or on an axis in line with the spindle, but independent thereof, it
may also be operated direct or by means of a frictional surface without participating
in the copping motion, which is not performed by the flyer but by a separate
winding device capable of being connected with the flyer. The Invention also con-
sists in the employment of a disc mounted concentrically upon the tip of the spindle
with which it turns, and capable of being removed for doffing the cops, the said
disc being roughened on its edge with which the yarn is in contact to facilitate the
revolution of the traveller upon the ring when the tension of the thread is excessive.
This disc may be replaced by any suitable device, for example, by a second ring
and traveller which fulfils the same object as the disc with roughened edge. It
also consists in driving the flyer or rotary thread carrier and spindle at different
velocities, independently of each other, by means of one or more drums, the flyer,
or spindle, or both being operated by friction gear, or other means adopted in

page_text: spinning machines. It also consists in the application of a thread board moving
with the copping rail or parallel therewith.
It also consists in the general arrangements, such as described and represented in
Figures 40 to 46.
Having described the nature of the said Invention, and the manner of performing
the same, I declare that what I claim as the Invention to be protected by the
hereinbefore in part recited Letters Patent is,-
1st. The general arrangement substantially as described and represented in
Figures 1, 2, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, operating as set forth, and for the purposes
specified in § A.
2nd. The arrangements of mechanism, substantially as described, and represented
in Figures 14, 15, 15ª, 24, 20, 21, operating as set forth, and for the purposes
specified in § B.
3rd. The arrangements of mechanism, substantially as described, and represented
in Figures 22, 23, and 24ª, operating as set forth, and for the purposes specified
in § C.
4th. The arrangements of mechanism, substantially as described, and represented
in Figure 24, operating as set forth, and for the purposes specified in section D.
5th. The arrangements of mechanism, substantially as described, and represented
in Figures 25 to 35 and Figures 40 to 46, operating as set forth, and for the pur-
poses specified in § E, and especially (a) the arrangements described and represented
in Figures 36, 37, & 38 for transmitting motion to the flyer; (b) the arrange-
ment of disc with roughened edge, as shown; (c) Figure 40, the device or flyer
which by centrifugal action and the tension of the yarn is caused to act as
described, either in conjunction with the parts carried on the spindle, or with the
parts outside of the spindle, or with both at once; (d) Figure 41, a ring adjustable
by means of screws, and which is inserted at the underside of the copping rail, and
a bolster of sufficient size to admit, when unscrewed, of the spindle or flyer and
their accessories being raised out of the spindle bearings; (e) Figures 42, 43, 44.
the application of the concentrically grooved friction disc, as and for the purpose
described; (f) the application of a single arm flyer either balanced or not; (g) the
employment of a bolster screwed to the footstep, as shewn and described; (h) the
application of a support to the spindle when raised out of its bearings for recovering
the broken ends of the yarns; (i) the application of a polygonal or corrugated disc
at the tip of the spindle. The application of an intermediate organ varying alter-
nately or continuously in position for correcting or regulating the motion
transmitted to the delivery rollers, the winding on devices, and the spindle operating
mechanism as described, and represented in Figure 15º.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alexander Melville Clark, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Third day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy nine.