IMPROVEMENTS IN TELEGRAPHS
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Meinrad Theiler, of Einsiedeln, in the Republic
of Switzerland, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
TELEGRAPHS."
Sealed the 21st March 1862, and dated the 28th September 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Meinrad Theiler at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
September 1861.
I, MEINRAD THEILER, of Einsiedeln, in the Republic of Switzerland,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN TELEGRAPHS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to improvements applicable to three descriptions of
telegraphs, namely, the dial instruments, the type printing, and the mark
printing instruments. With respect to the first, my dial instrument presents
the letters on a dial like other telegraphs of this description, both the sending
and the receiving stations being in circuit, and therefore their hands moving
in uniformity.
But the peculiarity of my improvement consists in a far less number of
currents being required to carry the hand round the dial than in any other
instrument hitherto brought into use. If the letters are arranged in alpha-
betical order on the dial, six currents are capable of presenting any one out of
27 letters or marks. By placing the letters in a different order by which the

page_text: utmost number of letters can be produced by the least number of currents,
30 letters can be presented by applying only four currents. On applying a
greater number of currents in any arrangement of letters, the number of
presented letters increases in rapid progression. To accomplish that purpose,
I apply two magnets actuated alternately either by reversed currents or by
currents of different strengths, or also by currents varying in duration. To
each of the armatures of these magnets a lever is attached, which when the
magnet acts, takes into an escapement wheel, and by raising a catch which holds
this wheel after each motion of a lever, and lets the wheel perform a certain
part of a revolution. This wheel is driven round by clockwork, and on the
axle of the wheel a hand is mounted outside to point upon the letters of a
dial. The teeth of the escapement wheel are arranged so as to allow it only
a step-by-step motion when one of the magnets acts, but when the other
magnet is actuated, it causes or allows the wheel to jump over a certain
number of letters. The dial shows the terminals of these jumps by letters
distinguished from the rest. On serving on short lines, those magnets may
be actuated direct by the line current; on long lines two relays are applied,
or a double relay, which when actuated in one or the other of its armatures,
completes the circuit of a local battery either to the one or the other of the
magnets. The sending is performed either by two tappers or by a double
tapper moving either upwards and downwards or in both directions, or moving
to the right and to the left, or forwards and back wards. I also intend using
a key, which consists of a hand to be moved over or along the sides of a
dial, which presenting the alphabet divided into several rows, may itself be
moved to bring another row of letters before the band. The motion of the
hand, as well as that of the dial, establishes the currents, but the dial, either
in an opposite direction to that of the hand, or of different strength or duration,
as above mentioned. To render the instrument still more easy of use, a key-
board may be applied to it.
The second part of my Invention consists in a combination of the dial-
telegraph with a printing arrangement. On the axle of the escapement wheel
outside, just behind the dial, a type wheel or disc is mounted, containing the
letters, figures, and other marks in corresponding order with the dial, and
inked by a band, or in any other well known manner. Underneath this
wheel a strip of paper is passed by a train which is driven by the same
spring which actuates the escapement wheel. The arrangement can also be
made in such a way that either the type wheel or the train which passes the
paper is driven by a distinct or separate spring, which is wound up by the
motion of the main train. This train has, besides forwarding the paper to

page_text: serve for printing the letters by raising a hammer, which when it drops strikes
the paper against the type wheel. Another service this train has to perform
is to replace the hands and the type wheels with it to zero, as this means of
security sometimes may be required. The same means of self-correction may
be applied to my dial telegraph. After these motions are performed, the
train is stopped by a catch; this catch is previously lifted by the motion of
any of the escapement levers, but the train is stopped now by the raised lever
itself, and therefore it cannot complete its motion before the lever drops
again. In order to prevent the printing of any letter before the hand has
reached the required letter, the key is so arranged as to keep the current
on line until the key is again moved, when it interrupts only for a very
short time, that is to say, until it has reached its lowest position, or the
limit of its motion, when it forms contact again. By this arrangement,
the operator is allowed time to work the key as slowly as he likes, and
so to bring the hand to the required letter with perfect security; the
letter cannot be printed until all currents on line are taken off. This is per-
formed either by a separate key or by a different motion of the key or keys
applied for contact. The train for passing the paper, as above mentioned,
may be quite dispensed with, and all its functions may be performed by an
extra magnet, which is actuated by every current, but drops its armature to
which the hammer is attached, when all currents are taken off for the purpose
of printing a letter. As both the sending and the receiving stations are in
circuit in this printing apparatus, as well as in the dial instrument, the
operator can always see what letter his correspondent has got printed. I also
intend to apply the key with moveable hand & dial, as well as a key board!
to this printing instrument.
The third part of my Invention concerns an improvement in Morse's or in
other mark-printing instruments. In Morse's instruments the marks reprc-
senting the letters consist of a dot and a dash. Now the dash requires more
time than the dot, and that loss I prevent by printing a double dot instead of
a dash. So the message would be printed like this::
:::
The printing of the dots on the second line I perform by an extra magnet
but on the same wire, and by a current of the same direction. On printing a
dot, the writing lever establishes the way to the second magnet, but only for
5 a moment, the time being regulated by the clockwork. If a second current
arrives directly after the first, the second magnet prints the second dot, thereby
replacing the dash. The two currents causing the double dot are sent by a
second key, which on being depressed, makes an interruption between two
contacts. This arrangement also allows of the printing the common Morse

page_text: signs, the dot and the dash, in connection with the double dot; therefore this
instrument is able to print three different signs which will form the alphabet
by a smaller number of marks, and hence work much faster than a Morse.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Meinrad Theiler in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
28th March 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, MEINRAD
THEILER, of Einsiedeln, in the Republic of Switzerland, Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of September, in the year of our
Lord, One thousand eight hundred and one, in the twenty-fifth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Iler heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Meinrad Theiler, Her special licence that I, the said Meinrad
Theiler, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Meinrad Theiler, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN TELEGRAPHS," upon the condition (amongst others), that I, the
said Meirad Theiler, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under or their, or one of their hands and seals, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
,
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Meinrad Theiler, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement: -
The first part of my Invention relates to dial instruments, in which the
letters, figures, and other marks are presented on a dial as in other telegraphic
instruments of this description. Both the sending and receiving station
being in circuit, the hands of the dials at both station move in uniformity.
The peculiarity of my improvements consists in a far less number of currents

page_text: and motions being required for carrying the hands round the dial than in any
other instrument hitherto used.
The second part of my Invention consists in a combination of the dial
telegraphs with a mechanism for printing letters and other marks.
The third part of my Invention consists in improvements on the Morse and
other mark printing instruments, whereby the various marks representing
the letters of the alphabet, and other marks can be produced or printed with
greater rapidity.
In order that my said Invention may be more clearly understood, I will
proceed to describe the same, reference being had to the annexed Sheet of
Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon.
Figure 1 is an elevation, partly in section, of a portion of my dial instru-
ment; and Figure 2 is an elevation of the dial.
A, see Figure 1, is an escapement wheel, actuated by a clockwork similar
to those used in Morse and other instruments; B and C are two bell-crank or
forked levers, to one arm of which the armatures b and c are attached. The
levers B and C are held down by springs D and E, which latter are furnished
with screws at their lower extremity, for regulating the tension. Each of the
levers B and C when actuated by its magnet Y or Z, will raise the catch F, and
allow the escapement wheel to perform part of a revolution, until arrested in
its progress by the catches g or h of the lever arms B and C. The escape-
ment wheel A is furnished with a double disc of teeth, one containing seven
and the other fourteen teeth, the catch g of lever B taking into the smaller
wheel of seven, and the catch h of lever C into the larger wheel of fourteen
tecth. On the armature c of the lever C being attracted by the magnet z, the
forked arm of the lever C, and with it the catch F, will be raised, and allow
the wheel to advance by one-half of a tooth, and by a second half on the
lever C being again depressed, and the catch F lowered into the teeth of the
large wheel. The lever B, when raised, withdrawing thereby the catch-F from
the teeth of the large wheel, allows the escapement wheel to advance three
steps, or three letters, and a fourth step or letter on again dropping the
catch F into the teeth of the large wheel. On the axle of the escapement
wheel a hand is mounted, which points to the letters and marks on the dial,
as shewn in Figure 2. Supposing an electric current to pass through the
coils of the magnets Y and Z, only one of the levers B and C will be actuated,
because their respective armatures are magnetised in opposite order. If a
positive current causes the magnet Z to attract its armature, the escapement
wheel will advance one letter, and a second letter when the current ceases.
On sending a negative or reversed current, the armature c is repelled, whilst the

page_text: armature bis attracted, and the escapement wheel thereby moved forward by
three letters, and on the current ceasing, the lever B will drop, and the wheel
advance another letter. Thus it becomes evident, that while seven negative
currents will cause the wheel to perform a complete revolution, it requires
fourteen positive ones to produce the same effect. To work this instrument a
double key is required, capable of sending reversed currents, and of breaking
them off. The currents pass through the instruments of both the sending and
the receiving station, and the hands are set to zero, both after the completion
of each message, and when otherwise required; for this purpose a catch i, see
Figure 2, may be applied, which will prevent the wheel from being moved
backwards beyond zero. In order to reach each letter by the least number of
currents, those letters to which the hand jumps on the lever B being actuated,
are marked so as to be distinguished from the others, in this instance, by a
line reaching from the letter to the centre of the dial. The operator thus
always sees in what direction he has to send, and how many times he has to
work the key.
above described
Figures 3 and 4 represent a mechanism attached to the
instrument, for the purpose of printing the letters and marks. G, H, I, and J,
are a train of wheels, actuated either by a weight or by a spring, and this
mechanism is situated within the former. The escapement having already been
described, is omitted. Figure 4 represents those parts outside the frame, and
in view of the operator. This train of wheels has no further connection with
the ratchet wheel A' mounted on the axle of the escapement wheel, but to
wind up the spring which actuates the latter. The motion of this train of wheels
is arrested by the radical arm J' of pinion J striking against the catch / of the
lever K when the wheel A¹ is at rest. But as soon as the escapement acts,
and the wheel A¹ begins to move, the lever K will, by the motion of the
wheel A', be thrown out of its teeth, and thereby the catch will liberate the
radial arm J, which will then move round until its progress is arrested by its
striking against the catch m of the upper arm of the lever K, and only be
able to complete its revolution on the lever K falling again, and taking into
the teeth of the ratchet wheel. The lever K, namely, being of considerable
weight, and the tension of the spring L being so regulated by a screw, as to
require a certain time for raising the lever, the latter cannot fall into the
teeth of the wheel as long as the wheel continues in rapid motion, therefore
For the
the radial arm J will remain stationary until the wheel A' is at rest.
more perfect regulation of the movement of the lever K, a short segment with
teeth cut upon its surface may be formed on the lower lever K, into which
teeth a spring catch takes. On the axle of the pinion J a fusee is mounted,

page_text: see Figure 4, which, on revolving, depresses the hammer M, and suddenly
releasing it, the spring O pulls it upwards, and causes it to strike or press the
strip of paper N, N, against the type wheel A2, mounted likewise on the axle
of the escapement wheel. The type wheel may be inked in any of the well-
known modes. The paper is passed forward by two rollers H' and P', the
former being mounted on the axle of the pinion II, see Figure 3, as usual in
most printing instruments.
Instead of the arrangements just described for printing by means of the
train of wheels, the latter may be entirely dispensed with, and an extra mag-
net used in its place, as shewn in Figure 5. A represents the escapement
wheel, and A³ the type wheel, fixed on the same axle. C' is a double lever
to which an armature c¹ is attached, magnetised as described with reference
to Figure 1. This armature is attracted alternately by the one or the other
The
of the poles of the magnet according to the direction of the current.
springs D' being adjusted, the lever C¹ will remain in the position in which
it is placed by the action of the magnet when the current has ceased. The
wheel A is actuated by clockwork, and its course is arrested alternately,
and again liberated by the catches d and e of the lever C'. The current, in
addition to actuating the magnet Z, Z, has to actuate the relay which completes
the circuit of a strong local current to the magnet Y'. As the relay acts by
any current, the magnet Y' remains in action as long as the line current
is on. M is the hammer with its armature, and which on being attracted
by its magnet raises the hammer from the type wheel. The spring O¹ is so
adjusted that it cannot move the hammer during the reversing of the current,
but it will strike it against the type wheel as soon as the current ceases.
Attached to the hammer M' is a catch Q, taking into the teeth of a ratchet
wheel fixed to the roller H, this catch on the hammer being attracted and re-
leased will turn the rollers H and P₁, and thereby move the paper H, II,
forward. Instead of a separate relay as mentioned, a lever K, as shewn in
Figure 3, may serve to break and re-establish the local circuit, and the said
lever may at the same time be applied for printing the letters in connection
with a train of wheels as described with reference to Figures 3 and 4.
I also intend to apply a relay to any of the above-described instruments
when working long lines. This relay will complete the local circuit, and
will cause any part of the mechanism to perform its functions when required
both when the line current is on, and when it is interrupted.
For working the instrument described with reference to Figure 5, a key
is required similar to that shown in ground plan in Figure 6, and in end
elevation in Figure 7. The lever O with its fulcrum at A moves horizontally

page_text: to the right and to the left, and by this motion it pushes the ends of the
levers L and E, which are insulated each from the other and which have
their fulcra at L and E, to the contacts c, and Z, Z, each pair being con-
lever O also permits of a vertical
nected. The fulcrum or joint A of the
or up and down motion of the lever. A spring holds the handle raised.
Near the place C a wedge-shaped piece of steel D, D, is fixed to the lever
O, and on depressing its handle the sides of the wedge will force the ends
of the levers L and E simultaneously against the contacts Z, Z. The fulcra
of the levers L and E are connected, L to line and E to earth. The
contacts c, c, are in connection with the copper, and the contacts Z, Z, with
the zinc pole of a battery. From the Drawing it is evident that on moving
the handle O to the right or to the left, either a positive or negative current
is sent through the line. The levers L and E may be fitted with springs,
as is well known, to prevent interruption of the current till the lever reverses
the current again. For printing a letter the current is broken by depressing
the handle of lever O, and by that means pushing the ends of the levers L
and E against the contacts Z, Z. For ordinary purposes the key described
answers all requirements, in cases however, where the utmost rapidity of
action is required, I avail myself of a key board similar to my key board
for which Letters Patent were granted to John Henry Johnson, dated the
Eighteenth day of May, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, No. 1110.
A cylinder or shaft, see Figures 8 and Figure 9, represent part of my said
cylinder arrangements with modifications applicable to the apparatus above
described. A is a ratchet wheel fixed on the cylinder or shaft, and on which
shaft the teeth corresponding to the letters and figures are mounted in the
form of a helice. When no key is depressed the wheel with the shaft is stopped
by the catch of the lever B. As the rod E attached to the lever reaches over
all the keys it is raised by every key, whereupon the the wheel with shaft
begins to turn round until stopped by the catch K, see Figure 9, of that key
which has been depressed. Upon the axle of the wheel A, a second wheel C
is mounted, having fourteen teeth, and on this wheel a commutator acts,
reversing the current at every twenty-eighth part of a revolution of the wheel.
The keys called commutators are well known, and various modifications
may be made. Figure 15 represents a modification suitable for this purpose.
C is the wheel fixed to the shaft of wheel A in Figure 8. L and E are two
levers raised alternately by the wheel C; each of them, when raised, touches
the pin c, and dropping down rests on the pins Z, Z. The points of these
levers are so arranged that both of them will for a short time rest on the
pius Z, Z. The pin c is connected to the copper, and the pin Z to the zinc

page_text: pole of the battery, whilst the lever L is in connection with the line, and the
lever E with earth. The direction of the current is now the same as described
with reference to Figure 6, but on the stopping of the shaft, see Figures 8 and 9,
both the lovers rest on Z, Z; therefore, the current ceases and the letter is
5 printed. The key-board may also be applied to the dial and printing instru-
ment described with reference to Figures 1 to 4. To effect this purpose it is
only necessary to replace the wheel C, Figure 8, with a wheel D, represented
in Figure 10, which latter only contains seven teeth, or in all cases, half as
many teeth as there are letters and marks to be transmitted. The teeth of
the wheel E in Figure 10, are made flat at the top to keep on the current
during the printing of the corresponding letters.
In the arrangements described above, a considerable number of currents is
necessary for producing the entire alphabet and other marks. In one, seven
currents are required, and in the other fourteen; but the number of currents
can be much reduced by the application of an arrangement for setting the hand
and type wheel to zero after each letter, which may be done either in the
forward or in the backward direction.
Figure 11 represents an arrangement for finger and type wheel backwards.
A represents the rachet wheel described in Figure 3, the axle of which is
furnished with a pinion taking into the sector S. The sector is actuated by
the pins a, b, c, d, f, of the wheel I. The number of the pins and the length
of the arms of sector S is such that no pin will strike the arms, before the
radial arm of pinion J has left the catch m of lever K, when the letter will
have been printed. By the backward motion of the sector, the spring which
actuates the escapement wheel is rewound. On proceeding to another letter
the sector moves forward with the escapement wheel to the required letter.
To permit of the backward motion of the type wheel, the catch m on lever K
is made so as to turn round its centre on a stud.
For producing the alphabet and marks by a smaller number of currents as
mentioned, a wheel as represented in Figure 12 is substituted for the one of
seven teeth, as shewn in Figure 1. This wheel contains only four teeth
corresponding with the letters I, Q, W, and, on the dial. The letters
between A and I are produced by one to four motions of the lever C, see
Figure 1, there being not more than eight letters, and each motion of the lever
being capable of producing two letters. The letters from I to Q are again
eight in number, and they can be produced by one motion of the lever B, and
one to three motions of the lever C. The next series from Q to W, contains
six letters, and is to be produced by two motions of lever B, and one to two
motions of lever c. The next series from W to contains four letters to be
-

page_text: effected by three motions of lever B, and one of lever C. Lastly, the two
marks and are produced by four motions of lever B.
The arrangement mentioned in my Provisional Specification for producing
thirty letters and marks by only four motions or currents is too complicated in
comparison to the result produced to be carried out. To economine time and 5
labor still more, those letters which are most often used are placed first on the
type wheel.
The third part of my Invention relates to improvements in Morse and other
mark printing instruments. In this instrument I apply two magnets, and
two printing pins. A, see Figure 13, is the paper roller, moved by the usual
clock work, and which passes the paper upon which the pin 6 of lever B prints
the usual marks. This lever is actuated by the magnet C, and as all the various
parts are similar to those of a common Morse, this instrument may be worked
in the same manner. By the side of the lever B is placed lever D with its
magnet E. The principal part of this instruments is the commutator F, F,
on which are mounted two arms g and h, each insulated from the other as well
as from the lever F of the commutator. These two arms form a fork between
which the lever I works. The lever I is centred to the frame of the instru-
ment, from which it is insulated, and only makes contact with either of the
arms g or h of the fork. From the terminal z, a connection shown in dotted
lines, is made to one end of the coil wires of each magnet, the other end of
the coil E is connected to g, and the end of coil c to h. Between the
terminal Z and the centre of the lever I, the relay with the local battery
is placed. When no current is on, the lever F rests with its arm h on
the end of the lever I, which latter is set by a regulating screw K, and
thus the magnet C is in circuit. If a current is established, and the lever B
is attracted by magnet C, the other end of the lever B raises lever I,
and the latter the commutator F by the arm h; the end of the lever I
still remaining in contact with the arm h. As long as the lever B remains
attracted to magnet C, no action of the lever D is possible, but as
soon as the current ceases, and the lever B drops, the end of lever I will
come in contact with the arm g of commutator F, and if a current arrives
during this contact, the lever D will be attracted by magnet E, and the
pin d will print a mark. As the lever B acts on the lever I at a short
distance from its centre, the end of lever I will move over a greater
distance than pin b, therefore the pin d will print its mark ere the pin b
has left the paper.
As the pin prints its mark a moment before the pin d,
the position of the latter must be to the corresponding extent in advance of
the former in order that the marks be printed exactly one above the

page_text: other. J is ratchet wheel kept in motion by the train of the instru-
ment, and on the end of lever F a catch may be placed taking into the
wheel J. By this means the lever F with its fork g, h, is prevented from
dropping too, soon when the current ceases. The dropping must, however, in
any case occupy but a very short time, otherwise the lever B cannot priut a
single row of dots as required by the Morse alphabet. For sending the two
currents which are to produce the double dots, a second key is applied, which
on being depressed makes contact twice, with a short interval between the
two. This key is shewn in Figure 14. To the bell-crank lever La catch
M is centered, which pulls the wheel N by one tooth, when the handle of
lever L is depressed. To wheel N a larger wheel O is fixed, with double
the number of teeth, and insulated from the wheel N; this same wheel
necessarily advances by two teeth with each motion of the crank lever L,
thereby causing the connector P to form contact with the pin Q, which is
connected to line. The connector is pressed against the wheel O by a spring
or otherwise, and therefore interrupts the current, and at the sanre time.
vents the wheel O moving in the wrong direction. Thus this key may be
placed side by side with the common Morse key, either of them being worked
as occasion may require. This instrument allows of the printing of messages
in the same manner as a common Morse, and it is likewise capable of
producing an additional mark, by which the alphabet can be produced by a
smaller number of marks, and consequently in less time.
1-
Having now described the nature of my said improvements, and the
manner in which they may be carried into effect, I wish it to be understood
that I do not confine or restrict myself to the precise arrangements and details
shown and described, as the same may be modified without departing
from the principal of my said Invention, but what I do claim as the Invention
to be secured to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,-
Firstly, the application of apparatus or mechanism to dial and printing
instruments, in which the uniform motion of the hands and type wheels at
the sending and receiving stations is effected simply by the use of the electro-
magnet, and by means of which apparatus or mechanism four letters can be
produced by only one current on application of two magnets, as described with
reference to Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4.
Secondly, the application of apparatus or mechanism to dial and printing
instruments as stated, by means of which mechanism two letters can be pro-
duced by a simple to-and-fro motion of the escapement lever, as described with
reference to Figure 5.
Thirdly, the application of apparatus or mechanism to dial and printing

page_text: instruments as stated, by means of which mechanism the letters can be
printed both when the line current is on and when it is broken off, the
printing being performed either by the power of a train or by an extra magnet,
which may be actuated by a local battery, as described in reference to
Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5.
Fourthly, the application of apparatus or mechanism to dial and printing
instruments as stated, by means of which mechanism the hands and type-
wheels are returned to zero after the printing of each letter, thereby permitting
of the printing of twenty-eight letters by the application of only four currents,
as described with reference to Figures 11 and 12.
Fifthly, the construction and use of a key by means of which the current
can be reversed and kept on line until it is broken off by a motion of
the key in another direction, as described with reference to Figures 6
and 7.
Sixthly, the construction and use of a key-board, the keys of which may be
marked with the letters to be transmitted, and which keys on being depressed
cause the contacts and interruptions required by each letter, as described with
reference to Figures 8, 9, 10, and 15.
Seventhly, the application of apparatus or mechanism to Morse and other
mark printing instruments, by means of which mechanism an additional mark
can be printed by a current sent by the same wire and in the same direction
as in a common Morse instrument, as described with reference to Figures 13
and 14.
In witness whereof, I, the said Meinrad Theiler, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
MRD. THEILER. (L.S.)