A Manufacture of Tannins, Gallates, Kinos, and other Vegetable Extracts from a Certain Tree Bark and Wood, and Treatment and Processes Employed for Obtaining such Articles.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 18th June, 1887
Complete Left, 17th Mar., 1888
Complete Accepted, 4th May, 1888
A Manufacture of Tannins, Gallates, Kinos, and other Vegetable
Extracts from a Certain Tree Bark and Wood, and Treatment
and Processes Employed for Obtaining such Articles.
We, HENRY JOHN SIMPSON and GRANVILLE DE MONTMORENCY MACKIRDY, both of
7 Rumford Street, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Merchants and ANDREW
TAYLOR, of 11 Lutton Place, Edinburgh, in the County of Midlothian, North Britain,
Chemist do hereby declare the nature of the said invention to be as follows:-
Heretofore the bark of the Californian Red Tree Wood (Sequoia Sempervirens)
which is of exceptional length and thickness has been virtually a wasto product and of
no known industrial value. The wood of the tree also is at present of a comparatively
small value as a furniture wood, because it has been found to flake off when working
under the carpenters tools and to warp to such an extent, in furniture made from
it, as to render it unsuitable for the purpose.
The object of this Invention is to render the bark a useful article and the wood a
more valuable one. To this end experiments were made with the bark and wood
resulting in the discovery that the bark can be turned to useful account, inasmuch as
we found it contained Tannins, Gallates, Kinos and other vegetable extracts, which
could be extracted and used as commercial products. The wood was also found to
contain like extracts.
We find that the preferable way of treating the bark and wood for obtaining the
above named products, and according to this Invention is as follows. The bark, or
wood may be cut into blocks and is then steeped in a heated vat, or pan, preferably of
open and cemented brickwork. The vat may be heated by a steam coil so as to
produce a temperature of about 180° Fahr.
It is necessary, to remove organic acid, which prevents the dissolution of the
tannins and other colouring matter in the material, that a caustic alkali be introduced.
This treatment may be continued for about four hours. The caustic alkali may be of
the strength usual in paper making operations.
The liquor (which is of a rich red colour) resulting from this process, is now removed.
The liquor may stand at about 4° Beaume. The partially pulped material is then

page_text: further treated as before, namely boiled with water, but now with the addition to it
of dilute sulphuric acid. After boiling for a reasonable period the Gallates, Kinos
and other products will be removed. Some will be deposited as a red powder which
is then removed for subsequent recovery as merchantable articles in any known way.
The Gallates will be in the removed liquor and will have to be crystallized from it.
The red liquor is afterwards treated by suitable means such as concentration, or
precipitation so as to prepare it for uses of the Tanner, or for use as a wood stain, or
an insecticide, or for sanitary purposes, or for use in the manufacture of
parqueterie, or sanitary felting.
as
We would have it understood that this Invention is not confined to the exact
methods, or processes of treating the wood, and bark herein specified as these may
bo varied in different ways according to the varying circumstances and requirements
without departing from our Invention.

page_text: A Manufacture of Tannins, Gallates, Kinos, and other Vegetable
Extracts from a Certain Tree Bark and Wood, and Treatment
and Processes Employed for Obtaining such Articles.
We, HENRY JOHN SIMPSON and GRANVILLE DE MONTMORENCY MACKIRDY, both of
7 Rumford Street, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Merchants, and ANDREW
TAYLOR, of 11, Lutton Place, Edinburgh, in the County of Midlothian, North Britain,
Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
Heretofore the bark, of the Californian Red Wood Treo (Sequoia Sempervirens)
which is of exceptional length and thickness, has been virtually a waste product
and of little known industrial value. The wood of the tree also is at present of-a
comparatively small value as a furniture wood, because it has been found to flake off
when working under the carpenters tools and to warp to such an extent in furniture
made from it, as to render it unsuitable for the purpose.
The object of this Invention is to render the bark a useful article and the wood a
more valuable one. To this end experiments were made with the bark and wood
resulting in the discovery that the bark can be turned to useful account, inasmuch as
we found it contained Tannins, Gallates, Kinos and other vegetable extracts, which
could be extracted and used as commercial products. The wood was also found to
contain like extracts.
We find that the preferable way of treating the bark and wood for obtaining the
above named products, and according to this invention is as follows:-The bark, or
wood is cut into pieces of convenient size being subsequently in certain cases
crushed, or bruised in any known way, such as between rollers, and is then steeped
and boiled with water in a heated vat or pan, preferably of open and cemented
brickwork. The vat may be heated by a steam coil so as to produce a temperaturo
of from 80° to 212° Fahr. In treatment, one hundredweight of bark may be steeped
in about eight gallons of water and continued for about four hours or more.
During this process of steeping and for the purpose of removing organic acid or
gums which prevent the dissolution of the tannins and other colouring matter, we
add a caustic alkali, namely from five to twenty five per cent. of alkali to the bulk
of the material treated. This will give a brown colour to the liquor: the less
alkali the lighter red the colour will be. To take the colour entirely out of the
fibre about fifteen per cent., of the bulk of the material, more alkali may be added to
the material being treated.
The red liquor is afterwards treated by suitable means, such as concentration, until
it attains the weight of twelve pounds, or over, per gallon, or precipitation by
bydrochloric acid or sulphuric acid, in any known way, from 5% to 10%, or more,
just according to the requirements of the special batch being manufactured, so as to
prepare it for the uses of the Tanner, or as a pigment, or for use as a wood stain, or
as an insecticide, or for sanitary purposes, or for staining in the manufacture of
parqueterie, marqueterie and such like ornamental purposes, or sanitary felting.

page_text: The red liquor either in its concentrated form, or dilute, may be precipitated by
adding dilute hydrochloric, or dilute sulphuric acid. This precipitate, or extract
may be dried and ground for use as a pigment, or for the Tanner, or other com-
mercial uses. The tannins, gallates and kinos in the liquor removed from the
precipitate may be recovered from it by known means and purified and cystallized.
The concentrated paste not treated by acid may also be put to the uses above stated.
In order to utilize either the precipitate, or the dried concentrated paste, when
used as a pigment it may be mixed with ground mineral earth, such as is used by
Colour Makers, for example Barium Sulphate, Whiting, Barytes and other similar
ingredients. In order to fix the colour, a small portion of the sulphate of iron or
copper, or a like salt may be added.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we would have
it understood that we do not intend to limit our invention to the exact methods or
processes of treating the wood and bark herein described, as these may be varied,
or modified without departing from our Invention. For instance, we may allow a
certain amount of the original colour to remain and extract only so much as is
deemed expedient by the method as above described, in this way the residual wood
and bark would not be destroyed and might afterwards be used for other purposes;
but what we claim in respect of the herein described Invention is :-
First. The manufacture herein described, for the purposes specified, consisting of
Tannins, Gallates, Kinos and other vegetable extracts produced from the bark and
wood of the Califorian Redwood Tree (Sequoia Sempervirens), substantially as set
forth.
Second. The treatment, or process herein described for manufacturing Tannins,
Gallates and Kinos from the bark and wood of the Californian Redwood Tree
(Sequoia Sempervirens) which consists of (1) cutting the bark and wood into suitable
pieces and with or without bruising it,-(2) steeping and boiling in water and
caustic alkali, (3) precipitating the solution of the alkaline liquor, and (4) treating
the liquor removed from the precipitate as described; substantially as set forth.
Third. The process or treatment herein described for manufacturing vegetable
extracts from the bark and wood of the Californian Redwood Tree (Sequoia
Sempervirens) which consists of (1) cutting the bark and wood into suitable pieces-
and with or without bruising it, and (2) steeping and boiling in water and a caustic
alkali substantially as set forth.
;
Fourth. The process or treatment herein described, for manufacturing extracts in
the form of liquid solutions which may be used in dyeing, tanning, wood staining, or
the like, or of pigments, from the bark and wood of the Californian Redwood Tree
(Sequoia Sempervirens) which consists of (1) cutting the bark and wood into
suitable pieces and with or without bruising it,-(2) steeping and boiling in water
and a caustic alkali, and (3) concentrating the alkaline liquor, or precipitating the
concentrated solution of the alkaline liquor by hydrochloric or sulphuric acid;
substantially set forth.
s 16th day of March 1888.
HENRY JOHN SIMPSON.
GRANVILLE DE MONTMORENCY MACKIRDY.
ANDREW TAYLOR.
By Cheesbrough & Royston,
15, Water Street, Liverpool,
Patent Agents.