matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF PRODUCING IMITATIONS? OF; MARBLE APPLICABLE TO WALLS OR OTHER SURFACES, TISSUES, OR FABRICS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Garrett Tongue at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the.
12th December 1873.-A. communication from abroad by César
Ciampanty, Decorative Painter, of Paris, France.
I, JOHN GARRETT TONGUE, of the Firm of Tongue & Birkbeck, Patent
Agents & Engineers, of 34, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane,-
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said.
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF PRODUCING IMITATIONS? OF;
MARBLE APPLICABLE TO WALLS OR OTHER SURFACES, TISSUES, OR FABRICS," (a com-
munication to me from abroad by César Ciampanty, Decorative Painter,
of Paris, France), to be as follows:―
This Invention relates to an improved process or means of painting so
as to imitate marbles of the most varied character by drawing, copying,
tracing, or transferring the veins or outlines of real marble on to paper
or other suitable material, by which means a perfect design is obtained
of all the veins which appear on the specimen of marble which it is
desired to imitate or reproduce%; then by well-known processes these
designs (which are cut out with great care) are transferred on to a metal
plate, parchment, or other suitable surface.

page_text: A marble design can also be obtained according to these improve-
ments by treating different specimens of marble with acids which only
attack certain parts and reject the others, so that a plate of marble thus
treated serves to reproduce the outlines by printing or otherwise
as if they were obtained by means of an engraved plate, and the
transfer to paper or other material is effected and cut out as previously
described.
When required to paint on walls, and when the wall is duly prepared,
as for the purpose of painting ordinary marbles according to the kind
which it is required to reproduce, the styles or designs are spread out
which are to make part of the character of marble required to be
imitated. Then on this preparation the different stencil sheets cut out
are applied, which application can be varied at will, and by means of a
wet sponge all the parts disappear which take the style or design of the
ground preparation which are then modified according to the nature of
the character of marble to be reproduced or imitated.
The colors employed may be prepared with water, but by preference
with water and albumen so as to fix them by means of sulphurous
vapours, or by any other chemical means employed to fix albumenous
matters. The same process is employed for woven fabrics which are
first prepared and with the design or style of ground required for the
different varieties of marble which are to be reproduced, then they are
varnished and placed in a heated chamber which gives it the polish of
real marble in solidifying at the same time the albumenized colors and
the varnish. They can be cleansed and washed without damage as well
as the paintings executed on walls by the said process.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR LOCKING RAILWAY SWITCHES OR POINTS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Sharples at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
December 1873.
I, HENRY SHARPLES, of Farnworth, near Bolton, in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR LOCKING RAILWAY SWITCHES OR POINTS," to be as
follows:-
The object of my Invention is to prevent accidents upon railways,
which sometimes occur by the moving of the switches whilst a train is
in the act of passing the facing points; and my Invention consists of a
novel arrangement of apparatus, whereby the wheels of the train are
caused to lock the switch rails and keep them locked until the whole of
the train has passed the points.
At the inner side of one of the permanent rails, just in front of the
points, I mount a secondary rail in such a position that the flanges of
the wheels as they pass bear upon this rail, which is not connected to
the permanent rail, but carried at a point near its centre by one arm of
a lever in such a way that the said rail can rise and fall and also oscillate

page_text: on its centre. This lever is keyed upon a transverse shaft extending
across from one rail to another, and its other end is formed into a bolt
(or carries a bolt) so placed that as the wheels of the train press down
the oscillating rail in passing over it the lever throws up the bolt direct
in front of or behind the point of the switch rail and thus locks it in its
position (whether open or closed) until the last wheel of the train has
passed over the points, when the oscillating rail being released a weighted
lever keyed upon the transverse shaft raises the oscillating rail and
depresses the bolts so as to leave the switch rails or points free to move.
Near the other end of the transverse shaft is keyed a second bolt lever
which acts upon the corresponding switch or point of the other rail, so
that the depression of the oscillating rail bolts both switch rails at once,
and the rising of the said rail releases both simultaneously.
It will be thus evident that it will be impossible for the switch rails
to be moved either accidentally or otherwise whilst a train is in the act
of passing over the facing points; and at the same time this apparatus
is entirely independent of and disconnected from the apparatus which
moves the switches and signals.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OR MANUFACTURE OF COKE
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Penrose at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
October 1873.
I, WILLIAM PENROSE, of Swansea, in the County of Glamorgan, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE PRODUCTION OR MANUFACTURE OF COKE," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the production of coke, and consists in the
mixing or incorporating anthracite (or stone coal), free burning steam
coal, with bituminous coal or any other coal capable of making coke with
pitch, tar, or any form of tar bitumen, mineral oils containing bitumen,
vegetable oils containing bitumen, petroleum, or any of the waste.
products of petroleum, such coals being in a state of division.
As instancing how I carry out my Invention I will state that I cause
the coals to be disintegrated by means of any well-known disintegrator.
I prefer the machine known as Carr's disintegrator, and to such dis-
integrated fuels by preference in moist condition I add any of the above
named ingredients, namely, pitch, tar, or any form of tar bitumen,
mineral oils containing bitumen, vegetable oils containg bitumen,

page_text: petroleum, or any of the waste products of petroleum, and cause one or
more of these substances, liquid or otherwise, to be mixed or incorporated
therewith. When such mixture or incorporation has been effected
either by means of a pug-mill or other incorporating apparatus, the
mixed materials may be compressed into blocks (by any of the well-
known methods) or may be otherwise treated. The materials thus.
compressed into blocks or not compressed are to be then introduced into
a convenient retort, or any of the well-known forms of coking ovens,
for the purpose of being converted into coke..
The proportions in which the coals and one or, more of the before-
named materials are to be employed, will vary according to the quality
of the coals and the other substance or substances (liquid or otherwise),
but I have found good results may be obtained by employing about sixty
parts by weight of anthracite or stone coal of average good quality to
about thirty-five parts by weight of bituminous or cokeing coal, and to
about five parts by weight of ordinary coal tar; but as I before-men-
tioned these proportions may be varied.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Henry Smith at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th July 1873.
I, JAMES HENRY SMITH, of Combination Sewing Machine Co., Albion
Works, Lansdowne Rd., London Fields, in the County of Middlesex,
Sewing Machine Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES," to be as follows, and
to consist of a spring so formed as to fit in a slot cut in the presser
bar, thereby obviating the necessity of steady or guide pins; said spring
and foot steadier is adjustable by means of a screw (or other device)
for the purpose of putting more or less pressure on the material being
sewn, the advantages. being simplicity, durability, and cheapness of>
manufacture.
AN IMPROVED TRANSPORTABLE LAMP APPLICABLE TO SEVERAL PURPOSES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sosthéne Hugues Souchard at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 13th December 1873.
I, SOSTHENE HUGUES SOUCHARD, of the Firm Lemaire et Souchard,
of Boulevard de Strasbourg, 123, at Paris, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED TRANSPORTABLE LAMP APPLICABLE
TO SEVERAL PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has reference to an improved construction of lamp,
which, by the adjustment or changing of certain of its component
parts, is rendered applicable to a variety of purposes; such as for
ordinary illumination, for directing the light in a particular direction,
for telegraphic purposes, for fantasmagorical representations, and for
signalling, such lamp being also rendered readily transportable by means
hereafter described.
The lamp is provided with a hollow wick with internal and
external air supply as in ordinary argand lamps. The gallery is pro-

page_text: The keys or handles for adjusting the globe support and the wick
are provided with a hinged joint, so that they can be turned down
in order to occupy less space when the lamp is to be packed for
transport.
For transporting the lamp a case is provided, arranged so as to
contain the body of the lamp closed by the screw cap and all its
separate parts, such as the gallery, wick tube, chimney glass, reflectors,
and other necessary adjuncts.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ROLLING IRON OR OTHER METALS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Halc and Charles
Matthews at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 23rd January 1873.
WC, EDWARD HALE and CHARLES MATTHEWS, both of tho Albion
Iron Works, Aspull, near Wigan, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declaro the naturo of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR ROLLING IRON OR OTHER METALS," to be as follows :—
This Invention relates to the rolling of hoop iron or metals similarly
shaped, and consists in the construction and employment of self-acting
mechanical appliances for guiding or conveying a piece or bar of metal
between two or more pairs of rolls at the same time instead of one pair,
by which means a much greater length of metal can be rolled with the
same heat, and thereby effect a great economy in labor, an improvement
in the quality, and an increased quantity of production. The heated bar
after passing between one pair of rolls passes over a guard to a hinged
caso balanced by a weight or spring, the case being inclined so that it
can lead the rolled strip to another pair of rolls above or below, and so
on as often as required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN EXTRACTING ANIMAL GREASE AND OTHER IMPURITIES FROM WOOL
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Watlıcn Dunn and
Osborne Prangley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 5th February 1873.
We, THOMAS WATHEN DUNN, and OSBORNE PRANGLEY, both of
Trowbridge, in the County of Wilts, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN EXTRACTING ANIMAL GREASE AND
OTHER IMPURITIES FROM WOOL," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object to extract animal grease and other
impurities from wool. For this purpose we place the wool in its raw
state into a chamber into which steam is admitted, the wool is thereby
heated and the greasy and other impuritics contained in it are brought
into a liquid state, and whilst thus heated we submit the wool to pressure
either by passing it between rollers or by pressing it in any suitable press
whereby the greater portion of the greasy, glutinous, and other impurities
in a liquid state are expressed from the wool. By this means the sub-
sequent washing of the wool prior to its being carded and combed is
much facilitated. Heated air may be used instead of or together with
steam.
THE SAFE COUPLING AND UNCOUPLING OF RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND WAGGONS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Rathbone at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
November 1873.
I, JAMES RATHBONE, of Bass Street, Newzealand, Derby, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "THE SAFE COUPLING AND
UNCOUPLING OF RAILWAY CARRIAGES AND WAGGONS," to be as follows:-
The sketch, Figure 1, is the representation of the longitudinal section.
of a carriage or waggon end, the centre hole being for the insertion of
the draw bar, those on each side of the draw bar being for the insertion
of cheeks or brackets as represented by Number 1, Figure 2; through
the draw bar and each of the cheeks is a hole about 1 ½ in. diameter,
about five inches to the centre from the face side of the carriage or
waggon end, these holes being for the insertion of the crank rod,
Figure 3; on one side of the draw bar is formed a recess about a inch
and half on each side the centre of the hole and in line with the bottom
of the hole. There is also a similar recess in one of the cheeks so
arranged that they are opposite to each other, as represented in Figure 4;
the bottom of the recess forms a ledge or support for the crank rod; the
object of the crank is to draw the coupling up tight when in gear, and

page_text: in.
also to prevent the sudden jerk when the train starts, as well as to
dispense with necessity of going betwixt the carriages for that purpose;
its peculiar form will cause it to bind towards the side of the hook or as
near as can be to the centre; on the straight part of this rod is suspended
a rule joint, Number 2 and 3, Figure 2; Number 4, Figure 2, is a
plate which serves as a connecting link betwixt the coupling and the
lever, Number 5, Figure 2; this lever is composed of rule joint links and
is fastened to a rod 1½ in. ; each end of this rod is square so that a
handle may be placed on it when required for the purpose of coupling or
uncoupling; it is fixed about 7 th back from the waggon end and
about 3 in. below it; it is supported by a metal bracket near the centre
and by the suspending irons at each end. The lever is so constructed
as to oscilate according to the requirements of the draw bar and the
buffers.
The dotted lines at the end of the draw bar, Fig. 2, represents
something like the form of a hook which would be required for the
purpose of working out the present method of coupling without waste
of material or loss to the railway companies.
Fig. 4 is intended to represent a carriage or waggon end cut through
in a line with the centre of the draw bar hole, and also to represent the
manner in which the draw bar and brackets or cheeks are joined
together. The dotted line at the lower extremity of the ½ inch plate,
No. 4, Fig. 2, shows the radius in which it and the extremity of the
lever, No. 5, Fig. 2, move while raising or lowering the coupling
No. 2 and 3, Fig. 2.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TELEGRAPH CABLES AND IN COVERING TELEGRAPHIC CONDUCTORS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Hooper at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
November 1873.
I, WILLIAM HOOPER, of 31, Lombard Street, in the City of London,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TELEGRAPH CABLES AND IN COVERING TELEGRAPHIC
CONDUCTORS,'
" to be as follows:-
The main object of the Invention is the preparation of a compound
suitable for covering the conductors of telegraph cables, to be applied as
an insulator either directly to the conductor or over another insulator,
which I prefer to be of india-rubber; and such compound is suitable
also for embedding the fibrous yarns and for covering the wires with
which the cable core is surrounded; and it is also suitable to be applied
together with tape, or with yarns, or otherwise to telegraphic wires to
be used on land, in tunnels, and many other places in which a covered
wire is required.

page_text: tough and does not readily crack when bent, and (which is a point of
great importance) it is free from naphtha or other such like volatile
material likely to affect prejudicially the high insulating properties of
india-rubber, as wood, tar, or pitch always do when used with an
insulator of india-rubber in telegraph cables.
I employ the soft tar obtained from the distillation of cotton seed oil,
or it may be the "foots" of this or other vegetable drying oil. This
soft tar or oil I oxidize by treating it whilst hot with nitric acid. The
product I mix with the hard pitch obtained from the distillation of
cotton seed oil or other vegetable drying oil; I so obtain the compound
which I require. It becomes sufficiently fluid for use at a temperature
somewhat exceeding 300 degrees Fahrenheit.
I also saturate the fibrous yarns employed in telegraph cables with
the soft pitch obtained by the distillation of cotton seed oil or other
vegetable drying oil. This treatment renders the yarns non-absorbent.
LADIES' DRESS IMPROVER
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Petremant at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
November 1873.—A communication from abroad by Madame Le
Cerf, of Paris, in the Republic of France.
I, ALFRED PETREMANT, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
AN IMPROVED
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "
LADIES' DRESS IMPROVER"" (a communication to me from abroad by
Madame Le Cerf, of Paris, in the Republic of France), to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is to manufacture a "dress improver" for
improving the "set" of the back part of the skirt of a ladies' dress, such
"improver" being more portable and easier to wash and "get up" than
those hitherto employed.
In making this "dress improver," a piece of calico or other suitable
material is cut out about one foot deep and thirty-four inches wide (or
of any other suitable size), and to this piece are sewn or otherwise
attached (say) four flounces, one above the other, and each being (say)
about two inches and a half parrower than the preceding one, the
flounces being laid on quite flat and not fulled.

page_text: Along the lower edge of each flounce, a piece of the material (about
an inch and a half wide) is turned over, and a number of cotton cords
are run in to give stiffness.
The upper edge of the "improver" is also turned over double, and
formed into a "slot" or "slots," through which running strings or tapes
are placed. It will thus be seen that the "improver" when not in use,
will be quite flat and be very handy for packing and carriage, and will
easily be washed and "got up" to the required stiffness.
When required for use the running strings or tapes are pulled, which
will have the effect of drawing up or fulling the "improver" to the 1
required form.
Strings or tapes are also provided on the inside, whereby the shape
may be further modified at pleasure.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGE LAMPS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Zingler at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
February 1878.-A communication from abroad by Erwin Dubsky,
of Lissitz, in the Empire of Austria.
I, HENRY ZINGLER, of 22, Weaver's Hall, Basinghall Street, in the
City of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for “IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGE LAMPS," to be as follows:―
The object of this Invention is to construct carriage lamps in such a
manner that in addition to throwing the light forward as heretofore a
stream of light may also be thrown downwards on to the step of the
carriage or on to any other part required to be illuminated. For this
purpose in place of forming the lamp with a flat metal plate at the
bottom and vertical sides as heretofore the parts of such sides and
bottom or one or the other which interfere with the light passing down
in a straight line to the step or other part of the carriage are removed,
and the opening so formed is glazed with a lens of glass placed at right
angles to the line between the step or other part and the flame of the

page_text: lamp. If the step or other part of the carriage to be illuminated is
behind the lamp a portion of the lower part of the reflector at the back
of the lamp and the back part of the bottom plate is thus cut away and
an inclined glass lens introduced. Or if the step or part to be illu-
minated bo in front of the lamp then the lower portion of the front t
glass and the front of the bottom plate is thus cut away. Or the lamp
might be similarly formed to throw light downwards to both sides or on
to a step both in front of and behind it, or on both sides at once. The
lamp may be so constructed that the stream or streams of light thus
thrown downwards from it shall be continuous, or they may by a slide 1
bo shut off except at such times as they are required to be shewn. This
slide can be opened either by hand or by mechanism in connection
with the door or passing to the coachman's seat.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ASCERTAINING AND INDICATING THE WORK DONE BY MACHINERY USED IN PREPARING, SPINNING, DOUBLING, AND WEAVING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS, AND. IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Wilkinson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th September 1873.
I, FREDERICK WILKINSON, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Yarn Agent; do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ASCERTAINING AND INDICATING THE WORK DONE BY MACHINERY
USED IN PREPARING, SPINNING, DOUBLING, AND WEAVING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS
MATERIALS, AND. IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to enable the superintendant of a mill
to have before him at any time he pleases a record of the performance of
each machine without actual inspection thereof or of any counting
apparatus attached thereto, and to bring the whole, if desired, under his
view at any required situation. For these purposes I propose to connect
a machine with an electric current which records upon a travelling
surface, moved by clockwork or other regular speed, and ruled with
divisions for periods of time, the intervals between the stopping of the
said machine and its being again put to work. This arrangement I
repeat in colums ruled side by side, each division representing a

page_text: particular machine. The electric current may effect the registration by
magnets, chemical decomposition, or other means now adopted for
telegraphic purposes.
For machines which vary in their operations as in the case of the
carding engine, which as is well known besides its carding operation 5
rotates sometimes for grinding and sometimes for stripping, I apply
extra electric wires and provide corresponding colums on the travelling
surface.
I propose to provide the clockwork with suitable gearing for dis-
engaging and engaging its motive power with the travelling surface, in 10
⚫ the former case at the hour at which the work should cease, and in the
latter at which it should commence.
I also propose to use the aforesaid travelling surface for denoting the
quantity of material that has been passed through a machine. For
this purpose the tracer is caused to make an extra mark at required 18
intervals.
The above description alludes to the whole of the machines in the
mill, but if desired a portion only of them may be furnished according
to my Invention.
In addition to or in place of the above arrangement I propose to take 2
the electric wires as aforesaid from the machines and connect them to
magnets which cause an index in any desired place to move and denote
when any particular machine is not at work.
A NEW OR IMPROVED WINDOW SASH FASTENER
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Burton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
December 1873.
I, JAMES BURTON, of No. 113, Gloucester Road, Regent's Park, in the
County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED WINDOW SASH FASTENER," to be
as follows:-
This Invention consists of a sash fastener which cannot be unfastened
from ouside the window, and which effectually prevents draughts and
rattling.
My Invention is composed of two parts, the one a hasp or bar, the
other a pin.
The hasp or bar is fixed to the outer sash, and by means of a hinge
works from a horizontal to a vertical position, the hasp or bar has a hole
cut through it, and at the end furthest from the window is pierced by a
The pin has a slot cut in it and is fixed in the inner sash. To
fasten the window the hole in the hasp or bar is passed over the pin, and
screw.

page_text: it is secured in that position by a turn of the screw, and by further
revolutions of the screw the sashes may be tightened to any required
extent. The same results can be obtained by fixing the bar (without the
loop) so that it can be moved in a lateral direction to the pin, which in
this case has a projection.
A NEW OR IMPROVED INSTRUMENT FOR DRAWING IN PERSPECTIVE
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Myrie Cory at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
April 1873.
I, JOHN MYRIE CORY, of Hammersmith, in the County of Middlesex,
Architect, do hereby declaro the nature of the said Invention for "A
NEW OR IMPROVED INSTRUMENT FOR DRAWING IN PERSPECTIVE," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to the arrangement and construction of a new
or improved instrument for drawing in perspective.
The instrument consists of a bow made so that when bent it forms
part of the circumference of a circle until it becomes a semicircle end
of a rod or chord to the arc formed by the bow, the chord being
graduated and figured with numbers which denote the distance of the
centre of that circle of which the bow is a segment, and arranged so as
to be capable of being fixed at the different gradations marked on the
rod or chord. Points or legs are arranged in combination with the
instrument so as to steady it when in use, and to fix it to the drawing
board.

page_text: METHOD OF USE.
Having found the distance of the vanishing point (of the perspective
drawing to be made) from the edge of the drawing board, draw the bow
to the figure on the chord corresponding in feet and inches to that
distance, and secure the bow in that position, then place the bow against
the edge of the drawing board.
AT square (working within the bow for the radiating lines above the
bow, and on the edge of the board for the horizontal lines) is used, then
find the distance from the centre of the arms to the edge of the T square
and set the centre of the bow (which is indicated on the instrument)
so much either above or below the point where the line of vanishing
points cuts the edge of the board as the case may be, keeping the chord
parallel with the edge of the board.
The surface of the drawing board will project slightly above the upper-
most edge of the bow; the T square may then be used above the bow:
for drawing horizontal lines, or in it for divergent lines without removing
either the instrument or the square from the board.
In cases where, with the chord parallel to the board, sufficient play
for the square is not allowed by the size of the instrument (such as
when the line of vanishing points lies much above the ground line), the
T square should be set to the line of vanishing points and the bow of
the instrument adjusted to it, but turned out from the board so that the
chord is at an angle instead of parallel to the edge of the board.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PIANOFORTES
Year: 1873

page_text: 1
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 6th May 1873.-A communication from abroad by Wilhelm
Freudentheil, of Hamburg, Germany.
I, ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PIANOFORTES,' to
be as follows :—
"
This Invention relates to improvements in the construction of piano-
fortes, and consists in making the part known as the wrest plank of
metal (cast iron) with wood-lined holes for the wrest pins.
This improvement is applicable to instruments in which the rest of the
framework is constructed either of wood or iron, but especially to the
latter, as in that case the wrest plank, stretchers, or bracings and string
plate can be cast in one piece. The holes for the reception of the wrest
pins are made larger than the pins, and are plugged with hard wood
bored to receive the pins, and so forming a lining for the hole and pre-

page_text: venting the rusting in of the pins. The holes in the wrest plank are
made of such shape as to prevent the wood plugs from turning. By
means of this improvement the instrument is less liable to be influenced
by humidity or change of temperature or climate. It is also improved
in tone and stands longer in tune.
Ar IMPROVED DOMESTIC FUEL ECONOMIZER
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Oglesby and John
Aitchison Jackson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 12th March 1873.
We, JOHN OGLESBY and JOHN AITCHISON JACKSON, both of the City
of York, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention for "Ar
IMPROVED DOMESTIC FUEL ECONOMIZER," to be as follows:-
The Invention is designed for the purpose of saving or economizing
coals or other fuel when employed for defusing or emitting heat from
domestic fire-places or ranges, by the adaptation thereto of peculiarly
adjusted portable fire-plates or blocks, which can be applied as separate
blocks conforming to the shape of the back and sides of the fire-place
for which they are designed, or as a separate and independent portable
sliding fire-place provided with hollow or perforated iron bars in the
front thereof, or such bars may be of the usual construction.
These plates or blocks, whether separate or combined, are so constructed
and arranged that when heated the gases of combustion evolved from
the burning fuel will be drawn by the rarefication and draught of air
towards them, so as to impinge upon and circulate through grooves or

page_text: holes provided therein for that purpose in such a manner that they not
only effect a thorough combustion of such gases evolved which would
otherwise pass off up the chimney, but also throw into the room by the
employment of such fire-clay blocks an amount of heat that in the
ordinary fire-place or range is taken up by the unproductive space now
filled with the debris of the fire.
The combined arrangement of fire-clay blocks when composing a
portable range or fire-place is provided with adjustible brackets or
other equivalent, which form sliding supports. that will enable the
range or grate containing the fire to slide on the same in such a manner ]
that it can with the greatest facility be brought forward from the space
it ordinarily occupies on to the hearth a distance that will admit of its
emitting by the radiation of its heat the greatest amount of warmth
into the room wherein it is situated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Howarth Parkinson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd June 1873.
I, JAMES HOWARTH PARKINSON, of Clough Fold, near Rawtenstall,
in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in the construction and
arrangement of the "picking motion," in what are known as "under
pick" looms, the object being to dispense with the picking bands, and
also with the check straps hitherto employed.
Each picking stick is mounted at its lower end on a short shaft, and
its upper end is connected by a short link to a rod sliding through a
guide, and having its other end attached to the picker which drives the
shuttle. I propose to make this picker of metal, and face it with
buffalo hide or other suitable material. Upon the other end of the short
shaft is fixed a lever carrying a bowl acting in a groove of a cam,
so formed as to give the requisite sudden motion to the picking sticks,
and so arranged as to work alternately on each side of the loom.

page_text: The grooves in the picking cams are also so formed as to give such a
return motion to the picking sticks that the shuttles coming from
the opposite sides may be gradually arrested by the picker towards the
end of the their flight, so as to disponse entirely with the use of the
check straps now employed for the purpose, as in the present instance
the gradual check is given, and the shuttles are arrested by the
receding picking sticks, the rod attaching the picker to the picking stick
forming a sufficiently rigid connection.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY SIGNALling Apparatus
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Cole at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
August 1873.
I, FREDERICK COLE, of South Hackney, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
RAILWAY SIGNALling Apparatus," to be as follows :—
My Invention relates to improved automatic signalling apparatus for
working railways on the block system.
In carrying out my Invention I employ semaphore signals disposed
one at each end of every block or section into which the road is divided.
Each semaphore arm is connected to and operated by a lever disposed
alongside the rail in such a position that it will be acted on by the
wheels of a train as the latter passes the signal.
The mechanism actuating the two signals is connected together by a
chain or rods, so that the signals at both extremities of the block or
section arc operated simultaneously, but in different ways, that is to say,
as a train enters a certain section it sets the signal in passing against any

page_text: succeeding train. On arriving at the end of the section it sets another
signal, and at same time lowers the first one.
Bells or gongs may be provided on the semaphore, sounded by similar
means to give an audible signal if required.
To guard against the derangement of the signal apparatus by the b
expansion and contraction of the chains or rods I provide an eccentric
wheel or cam (or it may be an arm provided with a friction roller)
actuated by a spring or counterweight, and applied to the chain so as to
constantly press against it, and by deflecting it from the straight line so
take up the slack due to expansion.
1
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SAFETY VALVES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Wyse at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th May
1873.
I, JOHN WYSE, of Newbury, in the County of Berks, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF SAFETY VALVES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in certain improvements and arrangements
in the construction of safety valves especially applicable to marine
boilers, and whereby the necessity for the employment of great weights
is avoided. Two valves are formed in one piece with the spindle, or
respectively mounted thereon, the area of the face of the upper valve
being greater than that of the lower valve. The space between the
two valves forms a chamber into which the steam is admitted through
steam ports. The lower valve rests upon a seat constructed at the top
of an exhaust chamber which is placed below the same, and over the
valve spindle immediately above the upper valve is placed a series of
leaden weights, the same being regulated according to the difference
between the respective areas of the two valves. The upper part of the

page_text: valve box is constructed as a "bonnet" or case for the reception of the
valve spindle and weights, and a lever may be attached thereto for the
purpose of lifting the latter. This operation may however be effected
by any suitable means. The steam is admitted by the steam ports into
the chamber between the valves, and when the pressure of steam in the
boiler exceeds that of the weights and the pressure of steam on the
lower valve the valvos are raised and the steam escapes through both
valves into the bonnet or case, and thus passes to the pipe provided for
its exit. The principle is that the steam pressure on the lesser valve
acts as part of the weight on the larger valve, the dead weights making
up the difference.
AN. IMPROVED 'CLIP' OR INSTRUMENT FOR CLIPPING OR SHEARING ANIMALS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Gedge at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
September 1873.-A communication from abroad by Reimer
Zimmerman, of 64, Faubourg St. Martin, Paris, France.
I, JOHN GEDGE, of the Hollies, South Lambeth, in the County of
Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN.
IMPROVED 'CLIP' OR INSTRUMENT FOR CLIPPING OR SHEARING ANIMALS," a com-.
munication to me from abroad by Reimer Zimmerman, of 64, Faubourg
St. Martin, Paris, France, to be as follows:
The clip or shear, the subject of this Invention, presents three principal
features of novelty,-
1°. It acts like the instrument called "shears" serving to shear, clip,
or poll sheep, that is to say, this clip is worked by one hand only, by
the aid of a recall spring.
2°. The knife and the blades on which it presses form spring in such
wise as always to obtain a clean cut.
3°. On the backward return of the knife it is released automatically
from the blades with which it is no more in contact,

page_text: b
This improved clip is composed of two parts A, B; the part A is that
which carries the fixed blades and the part B carries the movable knife.
These two pieces are united together by means of a screw 6 permitting
their rotation, a spring C serves constantly to bring the piece B to its
point of departure. This piece which by pressure of the hand travels
laterally from one extremity to the other of the plate or plane A is
guided in its course by the clamp D, this clamp further serves to keep
the knife and the blades in contact as herein-after described.
The knife E is mounted on the extremity of the piece B and is secured
thereto by a screw. The blades on which it bears are fixed separately on
the plane or plate A by screws a, a, it results therefrom that on the
passage of the knife each of these blades gives under its pressure in such
wise as to obtain perfect contact of the cutting edges. It would still be
very difficult to operate or work this clip with one hand, because the
resistance produced on the advance of the knife would on its return be
with difficulty overcome by the recall spring. To avoid this incon-
venience when the knife is at the end of its course it is instantly
disengaged from the blades, the pressure on which ceases and the return
of the knife follows without effort. The same piece which causes the
disengagement renews the pressure and so on continuously. This
pressure is obtained by means of the clamp D and the nut G which
comes between clamp and knife acting as a wedge. This nut is set on
an axle on which it can pivot, thus when the knife has passed over all
the blades and is at the end of its course, a notch d formed in the clamp D
allows it to escape by causing the pressure to cease. In returning
backwards it strikes against the clamp, but finding no resistance it turns
and passes on one side of it, at the other end it encounters the extremity
of the clamp which causes it to resume its first position. A pin e keeps
it, thus forcing it to engage itself under the clamp D at the next cut.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ORNA- MENTAL ASPHALTe Pavement and TILES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Jeffrey Bennett at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th October 1873.
I, JOSEPH JEFFREY BENNETT, of Finsbury Place, Finsbury Square, in
the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ORNA-
MENTAL ASPHALTe Pavement and TILES,” to be as follows :—
This Invention consists in certain improvements in the manufacture
of asphalte pavement and tiles, whereby a great variety of ornamenta-
tion can be imparted thereto, producing the effect of tesselated
pavement and of encaustic decoration, the same being applicable to
the formation of floorings and of the surfaces of walls which it is
desired shall possess an ornamental appearance, combined with great
durability and economy of construction or formation.
The asphalte employed for the purposes of this Invention may be
of any of the known kinds, some descriptions of asphalte being better
applicable to the manufacture of pavement or tiles for particular
purposes, as will be well understood by persons conversant with such

page_text: materials and operations. The asphalte is brought into a liquid state
in cauldrons or other suitable receptacles by means of heat, as well
understood; and whilst in such liquid and heated state, Parian, Keene's,
Portland, Mediena, or any other suitable cement, plaster, lime, or chalk,
according to the purposes which are in view, or as the locality and
circumstances may require, is combined and mixed therewith. The
asphalte and other materials are then run into moulds in which the
desired ornamentations have been previously placed, as hereinafter
mentioned. The above-mentioned layer of prepared asphalte, and which
forms the face of the pavement or tiles, is then increased in thickness
for the purpose of obtaining strength by pouring into the moulds upon
the asphalte a mixture of Portland or any other suitable cement, mixed
with coarse grit, forming a kind of concrete; or a mixture of tar, pitch,
and sharp grit may be made and run into the moulds whilst in a heated

page_text: same and the edges of the tiles. The lava may be of a colour different
from that of the tiles, so as to have an attractive and pleasing effect.
The pavement or tiles can be laid upon any suitably prepared surface,
as will be well understood, or upon wooden flooring, and will be found
to possess, amongst others, the following qualities, that is, of being
non-slippery, noiseless, non-inflammable, impervious to moisture, and of
great durability, whilst at the same time the cost, when laid, may be
estimated at about one half that of tesselated or encaustic tiles.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF NIGHT SOIL, SEWAGE, and OTHER LIKE REFUSE MATTERS, AND IN THE PRODUCTION OF MATERIALS CAPABLE OF BEING EMPLOYED FOR THE PURPOSES OF DEODORIZATION
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Hughan at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 20th August 1878.
I, WILLIAM HENRY HUGHAN, of Morningside, Eccles, in the County
of Lancaster, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of my said.
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF NIGHT SOIL, SEWAGE, and
OTHER LIKE REFUSE MATTERS, AND IN THE PRODUCTION OF MATERIALS CAPABLE OF
BEING EMPLOYED FOR THE PURPOSES OF DEODORIZATION," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the treatment of sewage, night soil, and other
refuse, and consists in employing materials such as peat, sand, sawdust,
coal, coke, seaweed, or other vegetable matters, and also domestic, town,
farm, or other refuse or sweepings or ashes in conjunction with clay,
sand, Portland, or other cement, magnesia, or magnesium, limestone,
salt, or mixtures of two or more of the same in order that the resulting
combination after having been submitted to a carbonizing process shall
form what I have termed a cement or carbonized product.
In carrying out my Invention I proceed as follows:-I incorporate
the before mentioned materials, or some of them, namely, pcat, sawdust,
coal, coke, seaweed, or other vegetable matters, also domestic, town, or

page_text: farm refuse, or sweepings, or ashes with either clay, sand, Portland or
other cement, sulphated or otherwise, magnesia or magnesium, limestone,
salt, or mixtures of two or more of the same, and after having
thoroughly incorporated the same I mould or press the mixture thus
obtained, and submit the same to a carbonizing and a distillatory process
in such a manner as that the resulting condensible products may be
obtained and the gaseous products be collected and may be employed for
the purposes of illumination, heating, or otherwise.
The carbonized product may be retained in a solid form and may be
employed in such form as a deodorizing agent or otherwise, or the same
having been reduced to powder I employ as an absorbent and deodorizer
in the treatment of night soil, urine, and other foecal matters, either
alone or in conjunction with the condensed products obtained as 'before
mentioned, and also either with such mixture or sand in conjunction
with soluble alkaline silicates, either by mixing the same with the refuse
matters to be heated or by filtering such refuse matters through the
same.
The proportion to be employed will vary with the substances to be
heated, but I have found good results may be obtained by employing,
for example, in the treatment of night soil or similar refuse the car-
bonized product resulting from the carbonization of the before-mentioned
mixtures in about the proportion of such material in a divided condition
of one-fourth part by weight of the night soil to be operated upon.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WRAPPERS OR ENVELOPES FOR PRESSES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Goulton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
December 1873.
I, WILLIAM GOULTON, of Sutton-on-Trent, in the County of Nottingham,
Seed Crusher, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WRAPPERS OR ENVELOPES FOR PRESSES,"
to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to effect an economy in the manufacture
of the wrappers or envelopes used to enclose bags of crushed linseed and
other seeds intended to be subjected to hydraulic pressure, for the
purpose of expressing the oil therefrom. These wrappers serve also as
moulds for moulding the crushed seed into cakes, and they are in general
formed of two iron frames hinged together at one end, and fitted with
corrugated tin plates which form the top and bottom of the closed
mould. These plates require a stiff backing to enable them to support
the severe pressure which is applied to the contents of the press, and
for this purpose a back made of horsehair rope has usually been
employed, the rope being laid in folds, and the folds secured together by
transverse strands, thereby forming a kind of coarse horsehair cloth.

page_text: This fabric is however very expensive, and many attempts have been
made but without success to substitute therefor a backing of less cost,
which would bear without injury the pressure to which the contents of
the press are exposed.
I now propose to provide a backing of cane, whalebone, or equivalent 5
elastic substance, by plaiting or interlacing strands of such material
over and around bars of iron rivetted to the hinged frame, and thereby
forming a light and strong fabric that will sustain the corrugated metal
plates and lie within the metal framing, while at the same time it will
fill the space circumscribed by the framing. The tin face plates may be 1
secured to the backing by means of pins or their equivalent.