Improvements in Machines for Scalping and Bolting Flour.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 11th Aug., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 11th May, 1892-Accepted, 11th June, 1892
· PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machines for Scalping and Bolting Flour.
We, JOHN METHERELL, Miller, of 514, Mulberry Street, LOUIS HENRY
LANIER Jr., Miller, of 1401, West Broad Street, both in Nashville, Davidson
County, and CHARLES OSCAR THOMAS Sr., Miller, of Murfreesborough, Rutherford
County, all in the State of Tennessee, United States of America, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to an improved apparatus for scalping, re-scalping, and
bolting, the flour from wheat or other grain after granulating, and has for its object
to render pure flour and perfect separation of the various stocks simultaneously.
In carrying out the invention, four concentric reels revolve within each other and
within a casing, the heads of the various reels being ordinarily made to project
beyond a front vertical partition thereof. The bolting cloth attached to the reels
is graduated in fineness, that is to say the mesh of the cloth covering the inner reel
is coarser than that of the next reel the finest mesh of cloth being attached to the
outer reel, and the preferred texture of the cloth employed is 16 20 and 24 wire on
the inner reel or corresponding numbers in gritz gauze or punctured zinc, Number 8
bolting cloth upon the second reel, Number 10 bolting cloth upon the third reel, and
Number 14 bolting cloth upon the outer reel, or in relative order to suit the degree
of fineness of reduction on the stock being operated upon. Where desired, the reels
or any of them may be covered by cloths in sections of different grades or degrees
of fineness. The reels are also graduated in length; the inner reel is the longest
and the outer reel the shortest. The recls are concentrically arranged and so
adjusted with respect to each other that the steps or relative prolongations at the
heads and tails are essentially equal.
The tail and likewise the head of each reel consists of an annular or disc-like plate
provided with a central circular opening. The tail plates have a round peripheral
surface and the head plates a corresponding angular or V-shaped surface and the
head and tail plates of each reel are cach adapted for engagement with two or more,
preferably two, correspondingly-grooved sheave wheels. The tail sheaves engage
with the tail plates at the lower peripheral surface of the latter one sheave at each
side of a central line drawn perpendicularly through the reels and as the tail plates
are stepped the sheaves are similarly located. Each set of these sheaves turns in
independent hangers each attached to a cross-beam and each cross-beam rests upon
and is attached to a jack or jacks carried by a lower stationary cross-bar. By
this means, when desired, the tail of each reel may be elevated so that it will incline
in the direction of the front. The front sheave wheels are arranged in similar
manner but are secured to horizontal shafts journaled at their ends in stepped cross-
bars and at the outer ends in similarly arranged permanent cross-bars. The main
shaft is between the uppermost pair of the said shafts and is geared with both, the
other adjacent shafts being geared therewith and with each other so that from one
driving shaft independent rotary movement is imparted to each of the reels.
The inner reel differs materially in construction from any of the other reels; the
heads and tails, however, in all of the reels are essentially alike and the tails are
provided with a peripheral groove near their inner edge for a purpose hereinafter
described and with a series of slots in their outer faces extending through to the
interior of the reels, these slots being adapted for the exit of any tailings or particles
of too great size to pass through the meshes of the bolting cloth, and the said
tailings
or large particles when delivered from the reels drop into pockets or com-
partments, one of which is provided for each reel by means of a vertical partition
located at the rear of the casing; the space between the front partition and the

page_text: inner rear partition is of a length nearly corresponding to the length of the finest
meshed section of the outer reel and constitutes a compartment for the reception of
the finest flour.
The construction of the inner reel is as follows: The head and tail plates are
connected by a series of bolts which are each passed through a rib essentially
diamond-shaped in cross-section, the said ribs being of sufficient length to snugly
abut at their extremities against the inner faces of the said plates, and between
the diamond-shaped ribs other ribs are placed representing in cross-section a
three-quarter diamond the open portions of which are made to face the periphery
of the reel forming, as it were, buckets or pockets. The latter ribs also extend
'from the head to the tail plate and within each of said ribs at its extremity a
block is secured, preferably made of wood, and the ribs are held in firm contact
with the head and tail plates by bolts which are passed through said blocks
and plates.
The attachment of both sets of ribs is effected between the
periphery of the plates and the wall of their central opening. Two or more,
preferably three, brace rings are employed in connection with the ribs ordinarily
made of wood and having a central opening and angular peripheral recesses
whereby the ring may be snugly fitted to the surfaces of the ribs facing the
centre of the reel. When three brace rings are used, one is located at the
centre of the reel and the others near the ends.
A series of circular ribs, preferably constructed of sections of semi-circular band
iron, is arranged at suitable distances apart between the head and tail plates which
ribs are preferably flat upon their inner and outer faces and of a diameter sufficient
to create quite a space between them and the opposed surfaces of the longitudinal
diamond-shaped ribs, as, for instance, two inches, more or less, space should exist
between the points of the diamond-shaped ribs and the cloth covering the reel
which two combined constitute the opposing surfaces. These circular or diametrical
ribs are employed as supports for the bolting cloth of the reel and, in order that the
several circular ribs may be adjusted at any time to perfect alignment, they are
connected with each longitudinal diamond-shaped rib by set screws having their
heads countersunk in the outer face of the circular ribs and their inner ends passed
into threaded apertures in the diamond-shaped ribs, each set screw being provided
with an adjusting nut in contact with the inner face of the circular or diametrical
ribs.
To prevent the bolting cloth from being chafed or injured when tightened by
frictional contact with the circular ribs the outer face of each of said ribs is covered
by a smooth piece of cloth or its equivalent. The desired mesh of the bolting cloth
is maintained a distance only at each side of the centre of the reel to correspond in
length with the fine flour compartment which compartment as heretofore stated is
nearly of the same length as the shorter reel, the remaining necessary length of the
cloth which must extend from end to end of the reel is of such close mesh that the
material to be bolted cannot pass through it. This formation of the bolting cloth is
the same upon each of the reels. The bolting cloth at its rear end has a hem
formed therein and the longitudinal edges of the cloth are made to overlap and is
held in this position and stretched circumferentially by a cord or a wire or its
equivalent laced over studs located in rows upon the outer face of the cloth, one
row near cach longitudinal edge. The attachment of the cloth to the tail plate is
effected by passing through the hem a stout wire which is bent to fit in the
peripheral groove of the tail plate and eyes are formed in the two ends of the wire;
the said ends of the wire are drawn together by a bolt, passed through the eyes,
and provided with a suitable nut. Thus a secure and rigid fastening is obtained
for the rear end of the cloth and yet the cloth is rendered readily removable.
longitudinal adjustment of the cloth is effected at the head of the reel and is
accomplished in the following manner :-A wooden band or facing is secured to the
inner side of the head plate and a slight distance therefrom an adjustable ring,
having its inner edge provided with angular recesses to receive the longitudinal
ribs, is loosely mounted upon said ribs in such manner as to be capable of lateral
The

page_text: movement. The bolting cloth near its free end is tacked or otherwise secured to
the periphery of this sliding ring and the extreme forward end of the cloth is
secured to the facing band. A number of bolts are passed through the ring the
facing, and the head plate, at intervals and the inner ends of the bolts are provided
with nuts which are embedded in the ring. Thus by turning the nuts in the proper
direction, the loose ring may be drawn forward until a proper tension is exerted
upon the cloth.
At the head of the inner reel and extending completely through the said reel at
the will of the operator, a conveyor conduit is applied, consisting of a cylindrical
casing having closed ends and openings in the top near each extremity for the
reception of stock, and an Archimedean screw journaled in said casing which may
be of one pitch or right and left as desired. The screw is driven by a chain belt
connected with the main shaft. The purpose of the conveyor is to conduct the
stock to be operated upon into the reel both at the head and also at the tail. This
reel can also be supplied alone by a spout located at its head when circumstances
demand it. The conveyor may be constructed to carry two classes of stock into
the reel at the same time, the casing being to that end provided at its bottom with
openings adapted to be covered by dampers when desired, the dampers being
normally held over the opening, by springs and moved to uncover the openings
through chains or ropes secured to each damper and all led outward at the tail of
the machine. The stock by reason of the dampers is under perfect control so that
kindred stocks may be admitted to any position inside of the reel, good stock always
being at the head with definitive tendency towards the tail, the intention being to
admit good stock into the head of the conveyor and poor stock to the tail and this
without previous commingling.
With reference to the bracing rings they are supported, or rather are held,
in position by the diamond ribs being secured to their periphery, one form of
ring being used particularly when the conveyor is passed through the centre of
the reel, but the rings may be made to fit a shaft located in the centre of the
reel, in which event they are provided with spider arms and by closing the space
between the diamond ribs and the spider arms a perfect dead-head and solid
inner cylinder is formed and the stock thus directed to the periphery will
remain in that position from end to end of the reel. This cylinder may also be
formed by employing alternate full diamond ribs with three-quarters or trough-
like diamond ribs arranged so closely as to touch each other throughout their
length.
We desire it to be emphatically understood that this inside reel, whether used as
an inside reel or as a single reel, inay be constructed with the diamond ribs together
as above referred to so as to form a solid outside surface or with the diamond ribs
set apart or spaced, and further that the conveyor or shaft may be employed in
connection with the reel and the brace rings may be made either with or without
arms; the cloth tightening devices may also be used or omitted, according to the
will of the constructor and the character of the stock to be operated upon within
the reel. The adjusting ring by which the longitudinal adjustment of the bolting
cloth is effected as above mentioned may be constructed of metal and provided upon
its inner face with a series of inwardly-extending lugs, some of which lugs are
provided at their inner ends with an angular casting or forging adapted to conform
to the outer apex of the full diamond ribs, the said casting or forging being
adapted to slide upon said ribs. The lugs intermediate of the particular lugs just
referred to are provided with apertures through which the adjusting bolts are
passed which bolts are passed through the facing and the head, being provided at
their outer ends with nuts. When a metal adjusting ring is employed, the cloth is
attached thereto by means of bolts or their equivalent.
The second reel is situated immediately outside of the innermost reel.
It is,
however, entirely independent of said reel mechanically speaking having its own
driving mechanism. The head and tail plates are constructed in like manner to 'the
corresponding plates of the inner reel, the tail plate being provided with stock

page_text: outlets and a peripheral groove and the head plate with an inner wood facing ring.
The head and tail plates are held together by a series of heavy rods or tubes, the
extremities of which are threaded and passed through suitable apertures in the said
plates and the extremities of each rod or tube are provided with two jamb nuts one
against the outer face of the plates and the other against the inner face of the tail
plate and the facing ring of the head. At given distances, say ten or twelve inches
apart, the rods or tubes are pierced with holes through which bolts are passed,
threaded from their heads to their lower ends and upon these bolts three nuts are
placed between two of which the rods are held, the other nut bearing against the
inner surfaces of the circular ribs or bands corresponding with the rings or band of
the inner reel, which bands encircle the inner reel. In the outer face of these bands
the heads of the said bolts are countersunk. The office of these nuts is to perfectly
adjust the position of the bands upon the bolt at a desired distance from the bracing
rods or tubes, the nuts holding the bands rigid between them and the heads of the
bolts while the other nuts equalize the distance of the bands from the rods. The
bands or circular ribs follow in general order throughout the entire length of the reel
and form a cylindrical reel or frame upon which is placed the bolting cloth, after
the bands have been provided with the covering, heretofore alluded to, which may
consist of Canton flannel or other soft material. This is done in order to protect the
bolting cloth from wear upon the metal bands. The adjusting ring corresponds to
the same ring of the inner reel and is usually made of wood bored to receive the
brace rods or tubes upon which it is capable of sliding and, as in the central reel,
adjusting bolts are passed through the ring the head and its facing whereby the
bolting cloth, which is also attached in the manner heretofore described, may
stretched longitudinally the circumferential adjustment being the same as that
employed in connection with the inner reel.
be
The construction of the other reels is of a similar character and therefore the
description of one is sufficient. The only point of difference consists in their
diameter and length; one reel overlapping the next endwise creating a series of
steps at each end of the apparatus as heretofore described, the longest reel being
the inside one and the shortest the outside although the diameters are increased
in the outer successive reels. There are these important differences in the
operation however; each reel makes its revolution independent of the other, cach
reel works an independent cloth and has an independent brush to be hereinafter
described, each reel has its independent cloth-tightening device and its indepen-
dent drive and supporting wheels, each reel has its independent longitudinal
ribs or braces and performs its own independent functions, one wheel working
one way in rotating while the next works in the opposite direction, or all can
be rotated in one direction if desired. The heads of the reels are prevented
from leaking and dusting, and likewise the tail of the centre reel, by applying
thereto a dead-head. These dead-heads are alike in construction and consist. of
a ring of wood made of a number of segments connected by straps, the exterior
diameter of the rings being slightly less than the diameter of the head or tail
plate opening, into which they are adapted to be inserted, and upon opposite
edges of each ring a dusting material, such as sheepskin with the wool on or
hide with the hair or fur on, is tacked or otherwise secured, the said dusting
material being so attached that the wool fur or hair, when the dead-head is
used in connection with the centre reel, will contact with the wall of the head
and tail plate opening and the outer surface of the conveyor casing, a dead-
head being located in the head opening of each of the other reels the dusting
surfaces being in contact with the wall of their openings and the cloth of the
next inner reel. The walls of the opening in the inner partition and the front
partition of the casing made to accommodate the reels, are likewise provided with a
dead-head, the dusting material whereof comes in contact with the cloth of the outer
reel. The cloth of each reel, with the exception of the cloth of the outer reel, is
swept, as it approaches the top of the apparatus, by a series of stationary brushes
the head whereof consists of a bar which passes through the dead heads and projects

page_text: beyond the heads and tails of the reels, being supported from the top and sides of
the frame of the apparatus by brackets. The cloth of the outer reel is swept by
brushes secured to a shaft journaled in bearings at the rear of the apparatus and
driven by a belt.
It has been mentioned that the inner reel is provided with full and open
diamond-shaped longitudinal braces making a broken or continuous circle and it
will be noticed that the three outer reels are described as not being supplied with
such ribs. We desire it to be understood that every reel may be constructed with
full diamond and open diamond-shaped ribs as explained with reference to the
inner reel and also so set apart that the material operated upon shall fall between
the diamond-ribs and through the cloth on to the next reel with its diamond ribs
and cloth and so continue from one to the other consecutively. It is to be further
understood that we do not restrict ourselves to a four-reeled machine only, as we
contemplate making machines containing one, two, three, or four reels and also to
reconstruct hexagon reels to conform to the inside reel. The flour passing through
the outer cloth is deposited in conveyors placed side by side or otherwise at will
at the bottom of the flour chamber or chest, and upon the division board of the
conveyor boxes a series of dampers are pivoted which dampers may be manipulated
to direct the flour to any one conveyor as, for instance, by means of a crank or
cranks connected with the pivotal pins of the dampers. In the bottom of the
conveyor boxes, openings are provided at desirable points for the delivery of the
flour.
The operation of the improved machine is as follows:- -When the machine is in
operation, the mechanical arrangement of the rotative agents turns one reel one way
and the next the other way (or to the contrary) consecutively, or all one way at
will. The cylinders are so rotated that the cloth of one reel moves as many feet
per minute as the other, be it large or small. The inner reel is clothed with
coarse cloth wire, gritz-gauze, bolting cloth, or punctured zinc, the next finer, the
third still finer, and the outside the finest of all, the preferred grades having been
heretofore mentioned. The stock to be operated upon is presented to the inner
reel from a bur or roller mill or other granulating device and is received into the
reel at its head. The material comes in contact with the coarsest cloth situated at
the head of this recl, say No. 16 wire. Directly within the reel and situated some
fifteen inches from the entrance of the stock, the entered material comes in contact
with one of the obstructing rings which directs it to the periphery of the reel. By
the rotation of the reel, the entered material is carried in the direction of the
travel of the reel to the point of gravitation where it inclines to a downward
tendency but is caught by the points of the full diamonds and upon the open
diamonds which latter fill with material at an angle of about 45° and the material
is re-directed again to the surface of the cloth. The surplus accumulation conse-
quent upon the travel of the reel in one direction (and exceeding the needed supply
of material requisite upon the cloth and between it and the longitudinal tubes or
rods or points of diamonds) is caught by the open diamonds and elevated over
the point of gravitation and deposited upon the cloth on the opposite side of the
reel and in its descent to the bottom of the reel the material is caught by the
points of the full diamonds and backs of the open diamonds, and again re-directed
to the surface of the cloth until it reaches the point of rest at the bottom of the
reel. The rapidity of the time of travel of the stock from the head of the reel to
the tail is regulated by raising or lowering the reels at the tail by the jacks hereto-
fore described or their equivalent. It will be seen that the material as it enters
the central reel, presents the largest volume of stock, being subjected to the coarsest
cloth a large volume of this stock necessarily falls to the next cloth. The head
of the cloth of the inner reel being relieved of its load, the residuum remaining
is of a coarser nature of material retaining with it the light fibrous material also
which is sought to be eradicated in the manufacture of perfect goods. As this
travels within the centre reel towards the tail of the machine it passes over a
slightly finer wire, say a No. 20 wire cloth. This operation relieves the residuum

page_text: above alluded to of more of its load depositing it upon the cloth below, but at a
different position from the former number of cloth and is of a much inferior
quality. The balance of the load passes over still another number of cloth, still
finer than the preceding numbers, through which is taken all the remaining flour
contained in the material within the reel. The stock then being thoroughly dusted
of flour passes to the next granulating device and is again to be subjected to other
reductions to the finish be they many or few. The stock at the head of the central
reel being separated as described is of a pure quality, as nothing as yet of the fibre
has been able to reach the cloth on account of the bulk of material contained
within. In this condition it is bolted immediately on a silk or gritz gauze cloth,
say No. 52 gritz gauze. The material passing through this cloth at this position
drops to the next reel clothed with say a No. 10 bolting cloth. The residuum
passes on to this No. 10 cloth, through Nos. 64 gritz gauze and No. 8 bolting
cloth at the tail though in different positions. The middlings taken through the
wire cloth and scalped over the latter cloth is taken at once to the middlings
purifier for treatment. The material at the head of the machine having been
deposited there in a still further state of purity, now receives its final and third
scalping and all in its relative positions as to the qualities produced. This cloth
gives off at the tail all middlings which have been passed with the flour through
the preceding cloths and deposited over its tail to the appointed purifiers for puri-
fication. The material has now been scalped three times in succession and by as
many cloths without any mixing or contaminating influences and is now subjected
to the outer and circumferentially larger reel clothed with say No. 14 bolting cloth.
The action of this cloth produces the effect of the preceding scalping depositing
at its head through the cloth, a perfect flour pure in its quality perfect in granule
and free of fibre, towards its centre it begins to produce a lower quality, and at its
further end or tail the poorest flour is derived.
A summary of the process which has been above stated may be made as
follows;
1st. Break stock to the following reduction machine ;
2nd. Coarse middlings to coarse middlings purifier;
3rd. Medium middlings to medium middlings purifier;
4th. Fine middlings to fine middlings reduction device;
5th. First quality of flour;
6th. Second quality of flour; and
7th. Third quality of flour;
all of which has been accomplished without gathering material from the tail of
one reel (which may be even taken through the same number of cloth as that on
the head of the reel but which on account of travel and consequent depletion of
stock from the former number of reel has been impoverished and renders a very
low grade compared with the head of the reel) to the head of the following
one, as is now practised in every system of milling at present universally
employed.
It will be seen that many important results are simultaneously accomplished by
the operation of the device;-
First: It economizes, respecting flour space;
Second It economizes, respecting power required to manufacture the volume
of material as ordinarily supplied, compared with well known systems;
Third: It is economical, respecting the use of elevators and conveyors compared
with many other systems.
Again, it produces a thoroughly prepared break stock for the following reduction
and it produces thoroughly dusted middlings for the purifier.
:
Fifth It produces thoroughly separated fine middlings to be carried to the fine
middlings reducing device;
Sixth It relieves good material of its impurities and at the commencement it
is free of the fault of mingling dirty stock with clean, and it exterminates
impurities and forbids its admittance to any grade better than its class assigns it.

page_text: It also accomplishes a classification of grades in succession and keeps its grades
pure from beginning to finish.
Date : 11t 1
1001
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machines for Scalping and Bolting Flour.
We, JOHN METHERELL, Miller, of 514, Mulberry Street, LOUIS HENRY
LANIER Jr., Miller, of 1401, West Broad Street, both in Nashville, Davidson
County, and CHARLES OSCAR THOMAS Sr., Miller, of Murfreesborough,
Rutherford County, all in the State of Tennessee, United States of America, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
This invention relates to an improved apparatus for scalping, re-scalping,
and bolting, the flour from wheat or other grain after granulating, and has for its
object to render pure flour and perfect separation of the various stocks simul-
taneously, and the invention consists in the novel construction and combination
of the several parts, as will be hereinafter fully set forth and pointed out in the
claims.
Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this
Specification, in which
Figures 1 and Fig. 1 represent a longitudinal vertical section, taken on
lines 1-1 Figures 2 and 3.
Figure 2 is a vertical section through the frame, taken upon line 2—2 Figure 1,
the heads of the reels being in elevation.
Figure 3 is a vertical section on line 3-3 Figure 1.
Figure 4 is a section on line 4-4 Figure 5, illustrating the cloth-adjusting ring
used in connection with the head of the centre reel.
Figure 5 is a vertical section through the head and ring, taken on line 5-5
Figure 4.
Figure 6 is a vertical section through one of the outer reels near the inner
head, shewing the form of adjusting ring employed in connection with the bolting
cloth, and
Figure 7 is a diametrical section on line 7-7 Figure 6.
Figure 8 is a partial exterior side elevation of one of the reels, illustrating the
manner of securing the longitudinal ends of the bolting cloth.
Figure 9 is a section, taken on line 9-9 Figure 8, and
Figure 10 is a section on line 10-10 Figure 8.
Figure 11 is a section, taken on line 11-11 Figure 12, illustrating one of the
adjustable sheaves which engages with the tails of the reels, and
Figure 12 is a side elevation of the view shewn in Figure 11.
Figure 13 is a detail sectional view through a portion of the inner reel,
illustrating the manner of bracing the said reel and providing for surface
adjustment.
Figure 14 is a similar detail section illustrating the manner of accomplishing
the same results upon the outer reels.
Figure 15 is a detail view of a portion of one of the dust rings.
Figure 16 is a diametrical section through the centre reel near the head, on
line 16-16 Figure 17, illustrating a modified form of the cloth adjusting plate.
Figure 17 is a section, taken on line 17-17 Figure 16.

page_text: Figure 18 is a diametrical section through the centre reel, illustrating the con-
struction of said reel when used as a centre reel only and not in connection with a
conveyor, and
Figure 19 is a detail view of a part of the centre reel, shewing the cloth thereof.
Similar figures and letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the
views.
In carrying out the invention, four reels A, B, C, and D, are employed, held to
revolve within a preferably rectangular casing 10, the heads of the various reels
being ordinarily made to project beyond a front vertical partition 11, as illustrated
in Figure 1. The bolting cloth attached to the reels is graduated in fineness that
is to say, the mesh of the cloth covering the inner reel is coarser than that of the
next reel, the finest mesh of cloth being attached to the outer reel D and the
preferred texture of the cloth employed is 16, 20, and 24 wire on the inner reel
or corresponding numbers in gritz gauze or punctured zinc: Number 8 bolting
cloth upon the second reel; Number 10 bolting cloth upon the third reel; and
Number 14 bolting cloth upon the outer recl; or in relative order to suit the
degree of fineness of reduction on the stock being operated upon. Figure 3 shews
the bolting cloths of the several reels in section for a portion of their circumference,
the remainder being indicated in dotted lines. Figure 19 also shews the clothing
of the centre reel as formed in sections of different grades or degrees of fineness.
It will be understood that where desired the reels B, C, D, or any of them, may
be covered by cloths in sections of different grades or degrees of fineness. The
reels are also graduated in length, the inner reel A is the longest and the outer
reel D the shortest. The reels are further concentrically arranged and so adjusted
with respect to each other that the steps at the heads and tails are essentially
equal, as is also best illustrated in Figure 1.
The tail 12 and likewise the head 13 of each reel consists of an annular or disc-
like plate provided with a central circular opening, and the diameters of the plates,
and also the diameters of the plate openings, vary according to the location of the
reel to which they are applied. The tail plates 12 have a round peripheral surface
and the head plates 13 a corresponding angular or V-shaped surface and the head
and tail plates of each reel are each adapted for engagement with two or more,
preferably two, sheave wheels. The sheave wheels 14 engaging with the tail
plates are provided with grooves a. (see Figure 1). The tail sheaves engage with
the tail plates at the lower peripheral surface of the latter, one sheave at each
side of a central line drawn perpendicularly through the reels; and as the tail
plates are stepped, the sheaves 14 are similarly located. Each set of wheels 14 is
held to turn in independent hangers 16 each attached to a cross-beam 17 and each
cross-beam 17 rests upon, and is attached to, a jack or jacks 18 carried by a lower
stationary cross-bar 19 which bar is usually secured at its ends to the frame of the
apparatus, as illustrated in Figure 14, and in the enlarged detail view in Figure 11.
y this means when desired, the tail of each reel may be elevated so that it will
incline in the direction of the front. The front sheave wheels 15, which contact
with the head plates 13, are arranged in similar manner to the rear sheave wheels 14.
The front sheave wheels however are each secured to a horizontal shaft 21 which
shafts are journaled at their inner ends in stepped cross-bars 22 located in front of
the partition 11 and attached to uprights 23 and the outer ends of the shafts are
journaled in similarly-arranged permanent cross-bars 24 secured to the sides of the
frame. This arrangement of the shafts is somewhat triangular, and is clearly shewn
in Figures 1 and 2. The main or drive shaft 25 is located between the uppermost
of the shafts 21 and is provided at its outer end with a drive pulley 26 and between
its ends with a spur wheel 27, which wheel meshes with similar spur wheels 28
located upon the said two shafts 21, which shafts at the rear of the spur gears are
each provided with a pinion 29 and each of the other shafts 21 is provided with a
similar pinion, the pinions upon each side line of shafting being adapted to mesh
with each other, and with pinions upon the upper shafts 21. Thus from one drive
shaft independent movement is imparted to each of the reels.

page_text: The inner reel A differs materially in construction from any of the other reels;
the heads and tails however in all of the reels are essentially alike, and the tails
are provided with a peripheral groove 30 (Figures 10 and 11) near their inner
edge, for a purpose hereinafter described, and with a series of slots 31 in their
outer faces extending through to the interior of the reels, these slots being adapted
for the exit of any tailings, or particles of too great size to pass through the meshes
of the bolting cloth; and the said tailings or large particles when delivered from
the reels, drop into pockets or compartments 32 one of which is provided for each
reel by means of a vertical partition 33 located at the rear of the casing; the space
between the front partition 11 and the inner rear partition 33 is of a length nearly
corresponding to the length of the finest meshed section of the outer reel D, and
constitutes a compartment 34 for the reception of the finest flour.
The construction of the inner reel is as follows-The head and tail plates 13 and
12 are connected by a series of bolts 35 which are each passed through a rib 36
essentially diamond-shaped in cross-section (Figure 3) the said ribs being of
sufficient length to snugly abut at their extremities against the inner faces of the
said plates and between the diamond-shaped ribs, ribs 37 are placed, representing
in cross-section a three-quarter diamond, the open portions of which are made to
face the periphery of the reel, forming as it were buckets or pockets. The latter.
ribs 37 also extend from the head to the tail plate and within each rib 37 at its
extremity a block 38 is secured, preferably made of wood, and the ribs are held in
firm contact with the head and tail plates, by bolts 39 which are passed through
said blocks and plates, as best shewn in Figure 1. The attachment of the ribs 36
and 37 is effected between the periphery of the plates and the wall of their central
opening. Two or more, preferably three, brace rings 40 are employed in
connection with the ribs, ordinarily made of wood and having a central opening 41,
and angular peripheral recesses whereby the ring may be snugly fitted to the
surfaces of the ribs 36 and 37 facing the centre of the reel, as best shewn in
Figure 16. When three brace rings are used, one is located at the centre of the
reel and the others near the ends, as illustrated in Figure 1. A series of circular
ribs 42 (Figure 18) preferably constructed of sections of semi-circular band iron
is arranged at suitable distances apart between the head and tail plates 12 and 13,
which ribs are preferably flat upon their inner and outer faces and of a diameter
sufficient to crente quite a space between them and the opposed surfaces of the
longitudinal diamond-shaped ribs, as is best shewn in Figure 1, as, for instance, two
inches, more or less, space should exist between the points of the diamond-shaped
ribs and the cloth covering the recl, which two combined constitute the opposing
surfaces. These circular or diametrical ribs are employed as supports for the
bolting cloth of the reel and in order that the several ribs 42 may be adjusted at
any time to perfect alignment they are connected with each longitudinal diamond-
shaped rib 36 by set screws 43, having their heads countersunk in the outer face of
the ribs 42, and their inner ends passed into threaded apertures in the diamond-
shaped ribs, as best illustrated in detail in Figure 13, each set screw being provided
with an adjusting nut 44 contacting with the inner face of the circular or
diametrical ribs. To prevent the bolting cloth from being chafed or injured when
tightened by frictional contact with the circular ribs, the outer face of each of said
ribs is covered by a smooth piece of cloth 45 or its equivalent (see Figures 13
and 14). The desired mesh of the bolting cloth 46 is maintained a distance only at
each side of the centre of the reel to correspond in length with the fine flour
compartment 34 which compartment, as heretofore stated, is nearly of the same
length as the shorter reel D; the remaining necessary length of the cloth, which
must extend from end to end of the reel, is of such close mesh, as shewn at bin
Figure 1, that the material to be bolted can not pass through it. This formation
of the bolting cloth is the same upon each of the reels. The bolting cloth at its
rear end has a hem 47 formed therein (see Figures 8 and 10) and the longitudinal
edges of the cloth are made to overlap, as shewn at in Figure 9, and is held in
this position and stretched circumferentially by a cord 48 or a wire, or its equivalent,
B

page_text: laced over studs 49 located in rows upon the outer face of the cloth, one row near
each longitudinal edge, as is clearly shewn in Figure 8.
The attachment of the cloth to the tail plate 12 is effected by passing through
the hem 47 a stout wire 50 which is bent to fit in the peripheral groove 30 of the
tail plate, and eyes 51 are formed in the two ends of the wire, the said ends of the
wire are drawn together by a bolt 52, passed through the eyes and provided with a
suitable nut 53, as shewn in Figure 10. Thus a secure and rigid fastening is
obtained for the rear end of the cloth and yet the cloth is rendered readily
removable. The longitudinal adjustment of the cloth is effected at the head of the
reel and is accomplished in the following manner-A wooden band or facing 54 is
secured to the inner side of the head plate 13 (see Figure 5) and a slight distance
therefrom an adjustable ring 55 having its inner edge provided with annular
recesses 56 to receive the longitudinal ribs 36 and 37, is loosely mounted upon 'said
ribs in such manner as to be capable of lateral movement. The bolting cloth near
its free end is tacked or otherwise secured to the periphery of this sliding ring 55
and the extreme forward end of the cloth is secured to the facing band 54. A
number of bolts 57 are passed through the ring, the facing, and the head plate, at
intervals, as shewn in Figures 4 and 5, the ring being best illustrated in Figure 4,
and the inner ends of the bolts are provided with nuts 58 which nuts are embedded
in the ring. Thus by turning the nuts in the proper direction the loose ring may
be drawn forward until a proper tension is exerted upon the cloth. At the head
of the 'rcel A. and extending completely through the said reel at the will of 'the
operator, a conveyor conduit E is applied, consisting of a cylindrical casing 59
having closed ends and openings 60 in the top near each extremity for the reception
of stock, and a screw 61 journaled in said casing which may be of one pitch or
right-and-left, as desired. The screw is driven by a chain belt 62 connected with
the main or drive shaft. The purpose of the conveyor is to conduct the stock to be
operated upon into the reel, both at the head and also at the tail. This reel A
can also be supplied alone by a spout located at its head, when circumstances
demand it.
The conveyor shewn in the accompanying drawings is constructed to carry two
classes of stock into the reel at the same time, the casing being to that end provided
at its bottom with openings 63 adapted to be covered by dampers 64 when desired,
which dampers are operated in any approved manner. One way of manipulating
the dampers consists in normally holding them over the opening 63 by springs of
any description and the dampers are moved to uncover the openings through the
medium of chains or ropes 64, as shewn in Figure 1, the rope or chain being
secured to each damper, and all of the ropes or chains are led outward at the tail
of the machine a sufficient distance to be readily grasped by the operator. The
stock, by reason of the dampers, is under perfect control by the operator who is
enabled to admit kindred stocks to any position inside of the reel, good stock always
being at the head with definitive tendency toward the tail the intention is to
admit good stock into the head of the conveyor and poor stock to the tail, and this
without previous commingling.
With reference to the bracing rings 40 they are supported, or rather are held in
position, by the diamond ribs being secured to their periphery. The form of ring
shewn in Figure 16 is used particularly when the conveyor is passed through the
centre of the reel, but the rings may be made to fit a shaft located in the centre of
the reel, in which event they are provided with spider arms 65, as shewn in
Figure 18, and by closing the space between the diamond ribs and the spider arms
a perfect dead-head and solid inner cylinder is formed and the stock thus directed
to the peripliery will remain in that position from end to end of the reel. This
cylinder may also be formed by employing alternate full diamond ribs with three-
quarters or trough-like diamond ribs arranged so closely as to touch each other
throughout their length, as illustrated at E in the said Figure 18.
We desire it to be einphatically understood that this inside reel A, "whether used
as an inside reel or as a single reel, may be constructed with the diamond ribs

page_text: together, as above referred to, so as to form a solid outside surface, or with the
diamond ribs set apart or spaced; and further that the conveyor or shaft may be
employed in connection with the reel and the brace rings may be male either with
or without arms; the cloth-tightening devices may also be used or omitted according
to the will or desire of the constructor and the character of the stock to be-operated
upon within the reel.
At this point it may be further remarked that the adjusting
ring 55 may be constructed as shewn in Figures 16 and 17 instead of as illustrated
in Figure 5. In the said figures the adjusting ring is constructed of metal and is
provided upon its inner face with a series of inwardly-extending lugs 66 some of
which lugs are provided at their inner ends with an angular casting or forging 67
adapted to conform to the outer apex of the full diamond ribs 36, the said
casting or forging being adapted to slide upon said ribs. The lugs 66,
intermediate of the particular lugs just referred to, are provided with
apertures through which the bolts 57 are passed, which bolts, as in the form
illustrated in Figure 5, are passed through the facing 54 and the head 13,
being provided at their outer ends with suitable nuts 58, as best shewn in
Figure 17.
When a metal adjusting ring is employed the cloth is attached
thereto by means of bolts 68 or their equivalent.
The second reel B is situated immediately outside of the reel A. It is
however entirely independent of said reel, mechanically speaking, having its own
driving mechanism. The head and tail plates 69 and 70 are constructed in
like manner to the corresponding plates of the inner reel, the tail plate being
provided with the stock outlets 31 and the peripheral groove 30 and the head
plate with the inner wood facing ring 54. The head and tail plates are held
together by a series of heavy rods or tubes 71 the extremities of which are
threaded and passed through suitable apertures 72 in the said plates, and the
extremities of each rod or tube are provided with two jam nuts 73 and 74
one contacting with the outer face of the plates and the other with the inner
face of the tail plate and the facing ring 54 of the head, as best shewn in
Figure 1. At given distances, say ten or twelve inches apart, the rods or tubes
are pierced with holes through which bolts 75 are passed, threaded from their
heads to their lower ends, as best shewn in Figure 14. The heads of the bolts
are creased, whereby they may be manipulated with a screw driver. Upon the
bolts 75, three nuts 76, 77, and 78, are placed. The nuts 76 contact with the
under surface of the rods and the nuts 77 with the immediately. opposite upper
surface, the outer nuts 78 bearing against the inner surfaces of the circular ribs
or bands 79 corresponding with the rings or bands 42 of the inner reel, which
bands 79 encircle the inner reel, as shewn in Figure 1. In the outer. face of
these bands, the heads of the bolts 75 are countersunk. The office of these
nuts is to perfectly adjust the position of the bands upon the bolt 75 at a
desired distance from the bracing rods or tubes 71, the nuts resting upon the
bands and holding the same rigid between them and the heads of the bolts,
while the other nuts equalize the distance of the bands from the rods. The
bands or circular ribs 79 follow in general order throughout the entire length
of the reel and form a cylindrical reel or frame upon which is placed the
bolting cloth 46 after the bands have been provided with the covering 45,
lieretofore alluded to, which may consist of Canton flannel or other soft material.
This is done in order to protect the bolting cloth from wear upon the metal
bands. The adjusting ring 80 (Figures 6 and 7) corresponds to the ring 55 of the
inner reel and is usually made of wood bored to receive the brace rods or tubes
upon which it is capable of sliding, and, as in the central reel, adjusting bolts
are passed through the ring, the head and its facing, whereby the bolting cloth,
which is also attached in the manner heretofore described, may be stretched
longitudinally, the circumferential adjustment being the same as that employed. in
connection with the reel A.
The construction of the reels B, C, and D, is of a similar character and therefore
the description of one is sufficient. The only point of difference consists in their

page_text: diameter and length, it being readily observed, by reference to Figure 1, that one
reel overlaps the other endwise, creating a series of steps at each end of the
apparatus as heretofore described, the longest real being the inside one and the
shortest the outside, although the diameters are increased in the outer successive
reels. There are these important differences in the operation, however; each reel
makes its revolution independently of the other; each reel works an independent
cloth and has an independent brush to be hereinafter described; each reel has its
independent cloth-tightening device and its independent drive and supporting
wheels. Each reel has its independent longitudinal ribs or braces, and performs
its own independent functions, one wheel working one way in rotating while the
next works in the opposite direction, or all can be rotated in one direction, if
desired.
The heads of the reels A, B, C, and D, are prevented from leaking and dusting
and likewise the tail of the centre reel, by applying thereto a dead-head 81. These
dead-heads are alike in construction and consist of a ring of wood made of a number
of segments e connected by straps e', as best shewn in Figure 15, the exterior
diameter of the rings being slightly less than the diameter of the head or tail
plate opening, into which they are adapted to be inserted, and upon opposite edges
of each ring a dusting material 82, such as sheepskin with the wool on or hide
with the hair or fur on, is tacked or otherwise secured, the said dusting material
being so attached that the wool, fur, or hair, when the dead-head is used in con-
nection with the centre reel, will contact with the wall of the head and tail plate
'opening and the outer surface of the conveyor casing, as shewn in Figure 1. A
dead-head is located in the head opening of each of the reels B, C, D, the dusting
surfaces being in contact with the wall of their openings and the cloth of the
next inner reel. The dead-heads are held stationary by timbers 83 attached
thereto and to the frame of the apparatus, as best shewn in Figure 2. The walls
of the opening in the inner partition 33 and the front partition 11 made to
accommodate the reels, are likewise provided with a dead-head 84 the dusting
material whereof comes in contact with the cloth of the outer reel. The cloth of
each recl, with the exception of the cloth of the outer reel D, is swept as it
approaches the top of the apparatus by a series of stationary brushes 85, the head
whereof consists of a bar 86 of wood or metal which passes through the dead-heads
and projects beyond the heads and tails of the reels, being supported from the top
and sides of the frame of the apparatus by brackets 87 as best shewn.in Figure 1.
The cloth of the outer reel D is swept by brushes 88 secured to a shaft 89 journaled
in bearings at the rear of the apparatus, as best shewn in Figure 3, which shaft is
driven by a belt connection 90 with one of the lower shafts 21, as illustrated in
Figure 2.
'
.
It has been mentioned that the reel A. is provided with full and open diamond-
shaped longitudinal ribs, making a broken or a continuous circle, and it will be
noticed that the three outer reels are shewn and described as not being supplied
with such ribs. We desire it to be understood that every reel may be constructed
with full diamond and open diamond-shaped ribs as explained with reference to
the reel A and also so set apart that the material operated upon shall fall between
the diamond ribs and through the cloth on to the next reel with its diamond ribs
and cloth and so continue from one to the other consecutively. It is to be further
understood that we do not restrict ourselves to a four-reeled machine only, as we
contemplate making machines containing one, two, three, or four, reels and also to
reconstruct hexagon reels to conform to the inside reel.
The flour passing through the outer cloth is deposited in conveyors 91 and 92,
placed side by side or otherwise at will at the bottom of the flour chamber or
chest 34 and upon the division board 93 of the conveyor boxes a series of dampers
are pivoted, which dampers may be manipulated in any approved manner to direct
the flour to any one conveyor as for instance by means of a crank or cranks 94
connected with the pivotal pins of the dampers. In the bottom of the conveyor
.. boxes, openings 95 are provided at desirable points for the delivery of the flour.

page_text: The conveyors may be rotated in any well known manner. In the drawings, the
shafts of the conveyors are represented as connected by a chain belt 96 with one of
the shafts 21.
The operation of the improved machine is as follows-When the machine is
in operation, the mechanical arrangement of the rotative agents turns one reel one
way and the next the other way (or to the contrary) consecutively, or all one way
at will. The cylinders are so rotated that the cloth of one reel moves as many
feet per minute as the other, be it large or small. The inner reel is clothed with
coarse wire cloth, gritz-gauze, bolting cloth, or punctured zinc, the next finer, the
third still finer, and the outside the finest of all, the preferred grades having been
heretofore mentioned. The stock to be operated upon is presented to the inner
reel from a burr or roller mill or other granulating device and is received into
the recl at its head. The material comes in contact with the coarest cloth situated
at the head of this reel, say No. 16 wire. Directly within the reel and situated
some fifteen inches from the entrance of the stock, the entered material comes in
contact with one of the obstructing rings 40, which directs it to the periphery of
the reel. By the rotation of the reel, the entered material is carried in the
direction of the travel of the reel to the point of gravitation where it inclines to a
downward tendency but is caught by the points of the full diamonds and upon the
open diamonds which latter fill with material at an angle of about forty-five
degrees, and the material is redirected again to the surface of the cloth.
surplus accumulation consequent upon the travel of the reel in one direction (and
exceeding the needed supply of material requisite upon the cloth and between it.and
the longitudinal tubes or rods or points of diamonds) is caught by the open
diamonds and elevated over the point of gravitation and deposited upon the cloth
on the opposite side of the reel and in its descent to the bottom of the reel, the
material caught by the points of the full diamonds and backs of the open
diamonds and again redirected to the surface of the cloth until it reaches the point
of rest at the bottom of the reel. The rapidity of the time of travel of the stock
from the head of the reel to the tail is regulated by raising or lowering the reels
at the tail by the jacks heretofore described, or their equivalent.
The
It will be seen that the material as it enters the central reel A presents the
largest volume of stock, being subjected to the coarsest cloth a large volume of
this stock necessarily falls to the next cloth. The head of the cloth of the inner
reel A being relieved of its load, the residuum remaining is of a coarser nature
of material, retaining with it the light fibrous material also, which is sought to be
eradicated in the manufacture of perfect goods. As this travels within the centre
reel A toward the tail of the machine it passes over a slightly finer cloth, say a
No. 20 wire cloth. This operation relieves the residuum above alluded to, of more
of its load depositing it upon the cloth below, but at a different position from the
former number of cloth and is of a much inferior quality. The balance of the
load passes over still another number of cloth, still finer than the preceding numbers,
through which is taken all the remaining flour contained in the material within the
reel. The stock, then being thoroughly dusted of flour, passes to the next granulating
device and is again to be subjected to other reductions to the finish, be they many
or few. The stock at the head of the reel A. being separated as described, is of a
pure quality, as nothing as yet of the fibre has been able to reach the cloth on.
account of the bulk of material contained within. In this condition, it is bolted
immediately on a silk or gritz gauze cloth say No. 52 gritz gauze. The material
passing through this cloth at this position, drops to the next reel clothed with, say,
a No. 10 bolting cloth. The residuum passes on to this No. 10 cloth, through
No. 64 gritz gauze and No. 8 bolting cloth at the tail, though in different positions.
The middlings taken through the wire cloth and scalped over the latter cloth is
taken at once to the middlings purifier for treatment.
The material at the head of the machine having been deposited there, in a still
further state of purity, now receives its final and third scalping and all in its

page_text: relative positions as to the qualities produced. This cloth gives off at the tail all
middlings which have been passed with the flour through the preceding cloths and
deposited over its tail to the appointed purifiers for purification.
The material
has now been scalped three times in succession and by as many cloths, without any
mixing or contaminating influences, and is now subjected to the outer and circum-
ferentially larger reel D clothed with, say, No. 14 bolting cloth. The action of
this cloth produces the effect of the preceding scalping, depositing at its head,
through the cloth, a perfect flour pure in its quality, perfect in granule and free of
fibre towards its centre it begins to produce a lower quality; and at its further
end or tail the poorest flour is derived.
A summary of the process which has been above stated may be made as
follows:-
1st. Break stock to the following reduction machine;
2nd. Coarse middlings to coarse middlings purifier;
3rd. Medium middlings to medium middlings purifier;
4th. Fine middlings to fine middlings reduction device;
5th. First quality of flour;
6th. Second quality of flour; and
7th. Third quality of flour;
all of which has been accomplished without gathering material from the tail of one
reel (which may be even taken through the same number of cloth as that on the
head of the reel but which on account of travel and consequent depletion of stock
from the former number of reel has been impoverished and renders a very low
grade, compared with the head of the reel) to the head of the following one, as is
now practised in every system of milling at present universally employed.
It will be seen that many important results are simultaneously accomplished by
the operation of the device :-
First-It economises, respecting flour space;
Second It economises, respecting power required to manufacture the volume of
material as ordinarily supplied, compared with well known systems;
Third-It is economical respecting the use of elevators and conveyors compared
with many other systems;
Fourth Again, it produces a thoroughly prepared break stock for the following
reduction and it produces thoroughly dusted middlings for the purifier ;
Fifth-It produces thoroughly separated fine middlings to be carried to the fine
middlings reducing device;
Sixth It relieves good material of its impurities and at the commencement; it
is free of the fault of mingling dirty stock with clean; and it exterminates impurities
and forbids its admittance to any grade better than its class assigns, it. It also
accomplishes a classification of grades in succession and keeps its grades pure from
beginning to finish.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manuer the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. The combination, with a bolting reel, of driving sheaves engaging the head
and adapted to revolve the reel, mechanism for rotating said driving sheaves and
adjustable sheaves engaging the tail as specified.
2. The combination, substantially as described, of a series of reels arranged one
within the other, independent driving sheaves engaging each of said reels, a drive
shaft and connections between the said drive shaft and the drive sheaves of the
several reels, all substantially as set forth.
3. The combination, substantially as described, of a bolting reel, a conveyor
casing extended within and from end to end of the reel and having inlets at its
ends and a discharge between its ends within the reel, and a conveyor in the said
casing, substantially as set forth.

page_text: 4. The combination, with a bolting reel, of a casing within the reel provided
with inlets and valved outlets, and a screw conveyor journaled in said casing,
substantially as and for the purpose specified.
5. The combination, with a bolting reel and a casing supported within the same,
projected beyond the head and tail and provided with an inlet at its ends, and
valved outlets, of a right-and-left screw conveyor journaled in said casing, as and
for the purpose specified.
6. The combination, with the head and tail plates of a bolting reel, of a conveyor
centrally located within the reel and provided with inlet and outlet apertures and
a series of ribs, essentially diamond-shaped in cross-section, arranged longitudinally
around the conveyor between it and the bolting cloth of the reel, substantially as
shewn and described.
7. The combination, with the head and tail plates of a reel, of a series of
circularly-arranged ribs longitudinally located within the reel, some of which are
diamond-shaped in cross-section and the others trough-like presenting essentially a
broken diamond-shape in cross-section, as shewn and described.
8. The combination, with the head and tail plates of a reel, of a series of
circularly-arranged ribs longitudinally located within the reel, some of which are
diamond-shaped in cross-section and the others trough-like, representing essentially
a broken diamond in cross-section, rods projected through the diamond-shaped ribs
and the head and tail plates, securing the latter at suitable distances apart, blocks
attached within the broken diamond-shaped ribs at their ends, and bolts passed
through said blocks into the head and tail plates of the reel, substantially as shewn
and described and for the purpose specified.
9. The combination, substantially as described, of a bolting reel, a conveyor
casing within the same having inlets at its ends and a discharge intermediate of its
ends and a right-and-left hand screw-conveyor operating in the said casing, sub-
stantially as set forth.
10. The improved machine for scalping and bolting flour, comprising a plurality
of bolting reels arranged one within the other and supported to revolve indepen-
dently, whereby said reels may be revolved at different speeds and in opposite
directions, and mechanism for revolving the adjacent ones of such reels in opposite
directions, whereby the stock will be bolted from one reel upon a clear portion of
the next outer reel, that is to say upon a portion of the cloth of said outer
reel not covered by the stock therein, all substantially as and for the purposes
set forth.
11. An improved machine for scalping and bolting flour, comprising a plurality
of reels arranged one within the other and adapted to be revolved independently
whereby the reels may be revolved independently and in opposite directions, and
the clothing of said reels being of different degrees of fineness, the clothing grading
from a coarse mesh on the centre reel to a fine finishing mesh on the outer reel,
substantially as set forth.
12. An improved machine for scalping and bolting flour, comprising a series of
independent reels arranged one within the other, and supports for said reels, the
supports for each reel being independent of those of the others, whereby the reels
are supported independently and inay be revolved independently of each other, all
substantially as set forth.
13. In a machine, substantially as described, the combination of the series of
reels arranged one within the other and made of different lengths, the centre reel
being the longest and the outer reel the shortest, sheaves arranged to engage and
support such reels, the sheaves supporting each reel being independent of those
supporting the others, the main frame or casing and the supports for the sheaves,
all substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
14. The combination of a series of reels supported one within the other, a pair
of driving sheaves for each reel arranged to engage such reel upon opposite sides
of a line drawn vertically through its axis, gear wheels connected with said sheaves

page_text: and arranged in trains on opposite sides of the centre of the machine and a drive
gear meshing the inner gears of each side train, substantially as set forth.
Dated this 11th dex of Mar 1802
J. METHERELL,
L. H. LANIER, JR.,
C. O. THOMAS, SENR.,
By A. M. & Wm. Clark,
53, Chancery Lane, London, Chartered Patent Agents.