An Improved Sight-feed Lubricator.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd Aug., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 17th May, 1889-Accepted, 23rd Aug., 1889
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Sight-feed Lubricator.
I, GEORGE MAULE MARCHANT, of Chapel Hill, Huddersfield, in the County of
York, Brass Founder and Finisher do hereby declare the nature of this invention to
be as follows:—
My invention has reference to sight-feed lubricators employed for lubricating the
cylinders of steam engines and other objects requiring to be constantly lubricated.
In carrying out my invention I employ part of the mechanism embodied in prior
Letters Patent granted to me on the 29th day of November 1878, No. 1869, which
mechanism consisted in the employment of cams for raising a piston, which piston at
a given point was forced down its cylinder by means of a strong spiral spring. It
is now my intention to employ mechanism of a like character consisting of a disc
having a series of cams on its upper surface, whilst another disc having corresponding
cam surfaces is placed on the top of the first mentioned disc, the upper disc being
forced upon the lower one by means of a spiral spring. The lower disc is made
with a worm wheel and caused to revolve by a worm actunted from any moving part
of the engine or other moving mechanism, the arrangement being such that when
the worm wheel revolves the lower cams, the cams on the upper disc are raised, but
when they arrive at the highest part of the cam the spiral spring forces down the
upper disc, consequently causing the piston to inject a small quantity of oil through.
a nipple. In combination with these rotary cams, I employ a glass tube filled with
water or other liquid, whose specific gravity is heavier than that of oil. The nipple
previously mentioned is placed so as to project up within the bottom of the glass
tube, the upper part of the glass tube being covered in by any ordinary form of union,
to which is connected a tube in communication with the parts requiring to be lubri-
cated therefore on the rotation of the cams within the tallow cup, the oil is injected
or forced through the nipple into the glass tube, which oil immediately rises up
through the water into, the outlet part.
In order to adapt this sight feed lubricator to engines at varying pressures, the
pressure of the spiral spring can be regulated or adjusted by means of an adjusting
nut which will either compress or relax the said spring, enabling the piston to force
the lubricant against the pressure of both water and steam. The glass tube may rise
up from the inside of the tallow cup, or it may be placed at a position outside the said
cup.
Dated this 921 1... of A 1000
TASKER & CROSSLEY,
Halifax. Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Sight Feed Lubricator.
1, GEORGE MAULE MARCHANT, of Chapel Hill, Huddersfield, in the County of
York, Brass Founder and Finisher, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention has reference to sight feed lubricators employed for lubricating the
cylinders of steam engines and other objects requiring to be constantly lubricated.
In carrying out my invention, I employ part of the mechanism embodied in prior
Letters Patent granted to me on the 29th day of November 1878, No. 4869, which
mechanism consisted in the employment of cams for operating a piston, which piston
at a given point was forced down its cylinder by means of a strong spiral or other
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page_text: spring. It is now my intention to employ mechanism of a like character consisting
of a disc having a series of cams on its upper surface, whilst another disc having
corresponding cam surfaces is placed on the top of the first mentioned disc, the upper
disc being forced upon the lower one by means of a worm wheel caused to revolve by
a worm acinated from any moving part of the engine or other moving mechanism,
the arrangement being such that when the worm wheel revolves, the lower cam forces
the piston down, causing lubricant to be injected through a valve and through a small
nipple, and when the cams have reached their highest point so as to be separated, a
strong spiral spring forces the piston back again. In combination with these rotary
cams, employ a glass tube filled with water or other liquid, whose specific gravity
]
is heavier than that of oil. The nipple previously mentioned is placed so as to project
up within the bottom of the glass tube, the upper part of the glass tube being covered
in by any ordinary form of union, to which is connected a tube in communication
with the parts requiring to be lubricated, therefore on the rotation of the cams within
the tallow cup, the oil is injected or forced through the nipple into the glass tube,
which oil immediately rises ap through the water into the outlet part.
The pressure of the spiral spring can be regulated or adjusted by means of an
adjusting nut, which will either compress or relax the said spring; and in order to
regulate the number of drops of lubricant per stroke of the piston or in a given time,
I employ an adjusting screw or other like device, which will determine the length of
stroke the piston is to receive. The glass tube may rise up from the inside of the
tallow cup, or it may be placed at a position outside the said cup.
In order that my invention may be better understood, I will now make reference to
the accompanying sheets of drawings illustrative thereof, wherein
Fig. 1 is elevation of a sight feed tallow cup or lubricator constructed according to
my invention.
Fig. 2 is vertical section of same, shewing the piston at its lowest position.
Fig. 3 is corresponding section to Fig. 2, but in this case the piston is at its highest
position.
Fig. 4 is cross section through the line a of Fig. 2, and
Fig. 5 is a detached view of the operating cams and piston or plunger.
Number 1 represents the shell or exterior part of the lubricator, which contains the
operating mechanism and the lubricant, and 2 is a glass tube to enable the observer
to see the drops of lubricant as they rise up through the tubes to the pipes on their
way to the parts requiring to be lubricated. Within the shell 1 I place a vertical
tube or cylinder 3 for the reception of the piston or plunger 4. A vertical slot 5 is
formed in the cylinder 3 (see Fig. 5) through which pass studs or pins 6 for the
purpose of connecting the lower cam 7 to the said piston, the object of the slot being
to permit the piston to descend as it is being forced down by the rotary motion of
the upper cani 8, the said cam 8 receiving its motion from worm wheel 9 driven by
worm 10 operated by ratchet wheel 11 through the medium of the pawl and lover 12
which receives to and fro motion from any convenient reciprocatory part which may
be at hand. The rotary motion of the upper cam 8 causes the lower cam 7 to descend,
and with it the piston, but soon after the cams have arrived at the position shewn in
Fig. 5, the piston will have reached the extent of its downward movement, the effect
of which is to gradually but positively force out the oil lodging in the bottom of the
cylinder or chamber 13, and send it through perforations or outlets (as indicated by
the arrows) all of which outlets are covered with wire gauze, and when the said lubri-
cant reaches the jet or nipple 14, it is ejected, in distinct and separate drops, into the
glass tube 2 filled with water or other liquid, from which it passes, as indicated by
the arrows, through another jet or nipple 15, from whence it passes down the pipe 15
to the parts requiring to be lubricated, and this goes on every time the piston is caused
to descend, but when the cams get to the position shewn in Fig. 5, or to the extreme
edge of each cam, the spiral spring 16 immediately shoots up and raises the said
piston until the lock nut 17 on the top of the piston comes into contact with the under-
side of the adjusting nut and screw 18, which determines the extent of the piston's
upward movement. Instead of the drops of lubricant passing down the pipe 15*, the

page_text: said drops may pass down pipe 15b, (see Fig. 1,) from whence the said lubricant
gets direct onto a steam chest or cylinder, or other part requiring to be greased.
In order to regulate the number of ejections passing through nipple 14 at each down-
ward motion of the piston, the adjusting screw 18 is employed to determine the
distance between the upper part of locknut 17 and the underside of adjusting nut 18,
because when the space or area between the two parts is enlarged, more eject-
inents will be made per stroke of the piston than will be the case when the two
parts 17 and 18 are nearer together, and this arises in consequence of the effective
capacity of the cylinder being greater.
Instead of placing the adjusting. screw 18 so as to act on the top of the piston as
just described, such adjusting screw with nut may be placed near the bottom of
the said piston, as shewn in section Fig. 6, where 20 is an adjusting nut fitting
onto a thread formed on the piston rod 4. This nut is made with a slot 20,
see Fig. 7, into which slot fits one end of a set screw 21 for the purpose of preventing
the nut from turning around; therefore when the chamber 13 requires to be enlarged
or reduced, so as to contain more or less lubricant, the nut 19 on the top of the piston
rod 4 must be turned with a key or other like device, and as the nut 20 is stationary,
it follows that the screw threaded piston and its plug 22 will be made to move either
up or down, and if the latter as shewn in Fig. 8, the effective capacity of the
chamber 13 would be reduced and there would be fewer drops of lubricant per stroke
of the piston than would be the case when the piston occupied the position shewn in
Fig. 6.
So far I have described my improved apparatus for operating the piston and
ejecting lubricant from the chamber 13. I will now proceed to describe the way in
which the lubricant gets to the said chamber 13, and to do this, 1 insert within the
shell 1 of the lubricator, a small perforated tube 23, see Fig. 2, within which is a valve
and spindle 24, such valve being closed by a spiral spring underneath the said valve,
as illustrated by the drawings. This valve is opened by a finger 25 made secure by
screws or other means to the upper rotary cam 8, therefore when the piston is at its
highest point as shewn in Fig. 3 the finger 25 is timed to come into contact with the
upper end of the valve spindle 24, which it lowers as the cam revolves, causing the
valve to open, thereby permitting the oil in the shell of the lubricator to pass through
the perforated tubo 23, through the valve and through the perforations below to the
chamber 13, as indicated by arrows. It will be here understood that as the piston 4
is raised, there is no pressure in the chamber, consequently the lubricant is free to
pass through the valves to the said chamber, and this happens every time the piston
is raised in the cylinder, as shewn in Fig. 3. It is therefore obvious that, when the
piston is raised and the cylinder empty, the chamber is then fed with lubricant, and
whon the piston is down or descending, and the valve 24 closed, the supply of lubri-
cani is forced or squeezed from the chamber through the various valves shown in
section Fig. 4 to the nipple 14 from which it passes in drops up the glass tube 2,
but I make no claim to these valves as they are only used to prevent the steam from
getting to the lubricant.
In Fig. 9 I have shewn a modified arrangement of valves through which the lubri-
cant is forced by the piston from chamber 13. In this arrangement I have dispensed
with finger 25 and valve spindle 24, which were employed in the previous illustration
for the purpose of allowing the lubricant to pass from the shell 1 to the said chamber 13.
In this latter case 1 make a number of perforations 26 laterally through the
cylinder 3, through which perforations the lubricant can freely pass when the piston
is in its highest position, and the bottom thereof above the said perforations, whereby
the chamber 13 receives its supply of oil, but when the piston descends, the pressure
thereof causes the oil to open valve 27, whereby the said oil will escape and be forced
through the passage c, as indicated by arrows, and from thence will pass to the nipple 14
and be ejected in detached drops.
The drawings to which reference has already been made, shew the piston as having
been caused to descend by cams and to ascend by a spiral spring, but in Fig. 10 such
parts are reversed or turned upside down. In Fig. 10 it will be seen that the cam 8

page_text: cams,
is placed near the bottom of cylinder 3, the worm wheel 9 thereon being driven by
worm 10 as shewn in Fig. 1, the upper cam 7 being now forced upon the lower
cam 8 by the spiral spring 16. Figs. 11 and 12 represent details of the two
which may have two or more lifts for one revolution of the worm wheel 9,.
as the drawings indicate. It will therefore be understood that as the cam 8 revolves,"
the upper cam 7 is caused to rise, taking the piston with it, so as to leave the
chamber 13 empty to allow the lubricant to pass from the shell 1 through the per-
forations of the cylinder 3, and when the cams have reached their highest point, the
spiral spring 16 will make the upper cam 7 and piston descend into the chamber 13
causing the lubricant therein to lift up the valve in the bottom of the piston 4,
whereby the lubricant will pass up through the piston, which in this case is made
hollow as shewn at Fig. 10, such lubricant passing through the nipple 14 a drop at
a time, and afterwards such drops pass up through the glass tube 2 which in this
figure occupies a different position to that shewn in Figs. 1 and 2, but the position
of the glass tube 2 with regard to the working parts of the lubricator is only a
matter of style and is of little importance, and forms no part of my invention.
The drawing Fig. 13 shews the same manner of working the piston as that just
described with regard to Fig. 10, and the letters of reference marked thereon indicate
the same parts in Fig. 13. In this case, instead of employing a hollow piston, I now
make it solid and cause the lubricant to force open the ordinary back pressure
valves 28 and 29 by the pressure of the piston as it is forced down by the spiral spring,
and in order to ensure that the lubricant passes up the glass tube 2 in drops, I employ
a receiver marked 30 filled with water or other suitable liquid, the lubricant entering
the bottom of the said receiver, and as it rises to the top thereof it enters the bent
tube 31 and makes its way to the nipple 14 as already described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is.
Firstly. In sight feed lubricators, the employment of a cylinder and piston, the
latter of which is forced down by cams and raised by springs in manner substantially
as described and shewn in Figs. 2, 3; and 5.
Secondly. In-siglit feed lubricators, the employment of a cylinder and piston, the
latter of which is forced down by springs and raised by cams, substantially as
described and shewn in Figs. 10 and 13.
Thirdly. In sight feed lubricators, the adjusting or lock nut 17 for regulating the
pressure of the spiral spring, substantially as described.
Fouthly. In sight feed lubricators, the employment of the adjusting nuts or screws
such as 18 and 20, for regulating the length of the piston's stroke, and determining
the quantity of lubricant ejected, and the number of ejectments, substantially as
described and shewn in Figs. 2, 3, 6, 7, and 8.
Fifthly. The general arrangement, construction, and combination of parts forming
a sight feed lubricator, substantially as herein described and illustrated by the
drawings.
Dated this with t
CM 1000
TASKER & CROSSLEY,
Halifax, Agents.