Improved Apparatus for Utilizing the Heat of and Preventing Noise and Dirt from the Exhaust of Gas and Oil Engines
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 10th Oct., 1899-Accepted, 25th Nov., 1899
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improved Apparatus for Utilizing the Heat of and Preventing Noise
and Dirt from the Exhaust of Gas and Oil Engines,
I, GEORGE CROYDON MARKS, of 18, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane,
London, W.C., Consulting Engineer and Chartered Patent Agent (a communica-
tion from John Potter Murphy, of Aldine Hotel, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in
the United States of America, General Superintendent, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention relates to apparatus for utilising the heat of the exhaust gases
of gas engines for vaporising oil for use in the engine and also for preventing
noise and dirt from such exhaust.
The nature of my improvements will be best understood as described in connec-
tion with the drawings in which they are illustrated and in which
Figure 1 is a side elevation of a portion of my improved apparatus in what I
consider to be its best form, shown, for the most part, in central longitudinal
section.
Figure 2 is a plan view of the casting forming the head of the apparatus and
by which it is connected with the engine, (not shown).
Figure 3 is a cross-section on the line 3-3 of Fig. 1.
Figure 4 is a cross-section on the line 4-4 of Fig. 1.
Figure 5 is a cross-section on the line 5-5 of Fig. 1.
Figure 6 is, in effect, a continuation of Fig. 1, showing in longitudinal section
the air admitting device and the end of the secondary muffling and cleaning
chamber.
Figure is a longitudinal sectional view of the said secondary chamber on a
smaller scale and
Figure 8 is a cross-section on line 8-8 of Fig. 6.
A indicates the cast head of the apparatus having, as shown, a flange A¹ by
which it is attached to the engine, and an internally threaded cylindrical head A²,
the flanged and cylindrical heads being connected as shown by a central exhaust
passage B which at its junction with the head A2 is internally threaded, as
indicated at B', and two admission passages C C. D is a tube screwing into
the threaded end B₁ of the passage B and forming a continuation of the exhaust
passage. The chamber formed in this pipe is designated by the symbol S. E is
a pipe section screwing into the threaded head A2, as shown and surrounding
the pipe D forming with it the annular chamber which I have designated with
the symbol T, while the portion of the pipe E which extends beyond the pipe
section D forms the metal wall of the cylindrical chamber designated by the
symbol U. The end of the pipe section E is threaded, as indicated at E¹, and
upon it screws the head H with which is connected the exhaust pipe section
indicated at I. The chamber T is separated from the chamber U by the U shaped
annular head G which screws upon the end section D' of the pipe D and fits
tightly in the pipe E as shown. F is the inlet casting for air; it is fitted around
the pipe E, forming the annular chamber F1 and the portion of the pipe E lying
Price 81T

page_text: within this chamber is made with. multiple perforations, as indicated at E, so
as to admit the air freely into the chamber T. 12 indicate two annular
rings fitting against the pipe section E on each side of the perforated portion E,
said rings being connected by cross-bars f as shown. J is a metal ring fitting
on the outside of the pipe E and, as shown, close to the inlet casting F, said
ring forming one wall of an annular chamber V formed by a cylindrical casing K
fitted, as shown, over the ring J and the end of the head H. In the cylindrical
casing K I form two openings, indicated at K K², Fig. 4, and around the portion
of the casing in which these openings are formed I fit a ring section L having
openings L1 and L2 which in one position of the ring coincide with the openings h
and K2 and which, as the ring is turned, as by its handle, may be made to partly
or wholly close the said openings. M and M are jackets of non-conducting,
preferably, refractory material fitted in the chamber T inside of the pipe
section E and outside of the pipe section D. These are employed because an
explosive mixture is contained in a portion of the chamber T which it is necessary
to keep below the point of ignition and because the heat of the gases of the
chamber S is dangerously high from this point of view. N N etc., are annular
perforated diaphragms forming a multiple series of partitions in the chamber T.
They may be formed of wire gauze or perforated metal as may be most convenient.
000 etc., are a multiple series of perforated metal plates forming partitions
in the chamber U and with their edges fitted into close contact with the metallic
wall of the said chamber formed by the pipe E. As shown these partition
plates are spaced by perforated thimbles P P etc., secured on bolts . Q is
the oil supply pipe which is led into the annular chamber V and wound tightly
in multiple convolutions on the metal pipe E forming the inside wall of said
chamber. Q and Q3 indicate continuations of this oil supply pipe leading to
an oil spraying device, best indicated in Fig. 5. As shown in said drawing, an
opening E is forined through the pipe E into the chamber T at a short distance
from the air passage leading into the said chamber. Around this opening E
is secured the casting R into which screws the injector body R' formed with a
nozzle R2 which projects into the chamber T between two of the diaphragms N N
and connects through a passage R3 with the oil supply pipe section indicated
at QR is a needle valve working in the spraying nozzle R2 connected with
the threaded shaft R5 working in a threaded portion R and operated by a lever
handle R R indicates a propeller like wheel loosely journalled on the pro-
jecting end of the needle valve R so that it will turn freely and rapidly when an
annular jet of oil is projected against its arms. W, Fig. 4, indicates a burner
in use to heat the oil on starting the engine.
Z, Figs. 6, 7 and 8, is a nozzle surrounding the end I of the exhaust I and
having its end 7 opening into a combustion chamber X2 of the cylindrical
casing X. At the rear of the nozzle Z is an air admission port 2 opening into
a chamber Z3 separated by a valve seat % from a chamber connecting freely
with the air, as through port is a valve normally held to its seat Z by
a light spring Z8. The casing X is, as shown, divided into a number of chambers
X and X3 by perforated partitions X and some of these chambers, preferably
alternate ones, Z³ ³ are filled with refractory material having intercommunicating
interstices. Small pieces of pumice stone I have. found to be extremely suitable.
Xindicates the final exhaust opening.
The operation of the apparatus is readily followed. The exhaust gases from
the engine pass through the port B in the casting A into the chamber S formed
on the inside of the pipe D and from said chamber they pass into the muffle
chamber U, the perforated diaphragms in said chamber performing their well
known function of deadening the noise of the exhaust and also performing the
additional function of conveying the heat of the exhaust gases to the metal wall
of the chamber U formed by the pipe E with which pipe the diaphragms are in
close metallic connection. From the muffle chamber U the gases escape through
the pipe I. The air forming a portion of the explosive charge of the engine

page_text: passes
is drawn in through the casting F and through the perforation E2 in the pipe E
into the chamber T passing through all of the perforated partitions and
finally being drawn into the engine through the ports CC. The oil which it is
desired to vaporise and mix with the air coming from the supply pipe
through the coils Q' situated in the chamber and which are in close metallic
contact with the heated metallic wall of the chamber U. The oil in passing
through the chamber V is therefore highly heated and delivered in this condition
to the spraying device which admits the oil, of course under considerable
pressure and in a fine spray, into the chamber T, the spraying device being
arranged to throw the oil into the chamber in a direction substantially perpen-
dicular to a radial line of the annular chamber. The sprayed oil is thoroughly
mixed with the air by the action of the sprayer and also of the multiple
diaphragms N N etc., through which the air and vaporised or sprayed oil pass
before they reach the admission ports C C.
The function of the gated openings K¹ K in the chamber V is to provide
a means for heating the oil when the engine is first started and before the
exhaust gases have had an opportunity of heating the muffle chamber and through
it the coils of oil admission pipe. By moving the ring L so as to open the
passages K and K the flame of a Bunsen burner W or similar lamp can be
thrown into and substantially around the chamber V. so as to heat the coils of
pipe and the oil passing through it. This need only continue until the
exhaust gases have had time to heat up the muffle chamber to the proper point
when the lamp may be withdrawn and the gates closed.
While the above described portions of my apparatus are capable of use alone I
have found it advantageous to provide further muffle chambers and devices for
preventing smell and soot from the gases issuing from pipe I; causing said pipe
to project into the nozzle Z and the gases issuing from its end I¹ to suck into
the nozzle a supply of air; the jet raising the valve Z and the gases and air
mixing in the nozzle Z and chamber X2. The heat of the gases soon raises the
pumice stone in chamber X3 to a temperature hot enough to insure ignition and
combustion of the gases passing through it and by successively passing through
the empty chamber X2 and filled chambers X3 the noise is greatly deadened and
all the combustible vapors consumed so that neither smell nor soot issues from
exhaust X*.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:
1. The combination of concentric tubes D E forming a central and annular
surrounding conduit, the inner arranged to serve as the exhaust conduit of a gas
engine and the outer one as an air intake passage, with a series of perforated
diaphragm partitions in the air intake conduit and an oil spraying nozzle arranged
to throw oil between two partitions of the annular air conduit and in a direction
substantially at right angles to a radial line from the centre of the annular
chamber.
2. In combination with an exhaust conduit of a gas engine a cylindrical metal
walled chamber U, a multiple series of perforated metal plates 0 0 etc., having
their edges in contact with the walls of chamber U, an oil supply pipe Q' coiled
on and in contact with the metal walls of chamber U and a tubular casing K
enclosing said coiled pipe.
3. In combination with an exhaust conduit of a gas engine a cylindrical metal
walled chamber U, a multiple series of perforated metal plates 0 0 etc., having
their edges in contact with the walls of chamber U, an oil supply pipe Q' coiled
on and in contact with the metal walls of chamber U, a tubular casing K enclos-
ing said coiled pipe and having two openings as K¹ K2 formed in it and means
for closing said openings.
4. In combination with an exhaust conduit of a gas engine, a cylindrical metal

page_text: walled chamber U, a multiple series of perforated metal plates 00 etc., having
their edges in contact with the walls of chamber U, and oil supply pipe Q coiled
on and in contact with the metal walls of chamber U, a tubular casing K enclos-
ing said coiled pipe and having two openings as K₁ K² formed in it and a sleeve
cover L having openings as L1 L2 for opening and closing said openings K¹ K².
5. The combination of concentric tubes D E forming a central and annular
surrounding conduit, the inner one arranged to. serve as the exhaust conduit of
a gas engine and the outer one as an air intake passage, with a series of perforated
diaphragm partitions in the air intake conduit, a cylindrical chamber U connected
with the exhaust conduit and having metal walls, a multiple series of perforated
metallic plate partitions situated in chamber U and having their edges in contact
with its walls, a coiled oil inlet pipe wound on the metal walls of the chamber U,
a chamber enclosing said coiled pipe and a spraying nozzle connected to the
coiled inlet pipe and arranged to throw the oil between two partitions of the
air inlet conduit.
6. The combination with an exhaust conduit as I leading from a gas engine,
of a muffle chamber, as X, divided by perforated partitions into chambers, one
or more of which is filled by refractory material having intercommunicating
interstices, and means for introducing air into said muffle chamber together
with the exhaust gases.
7. The combination with an exhaust conduit, as I, leading from a gas engine,
of a muffle chamber, as X, divided by perforated partitions into chambers, alter-
nate ones being open and filled with loosely packed refractory material respec-
tively, and means for introducing air into said muffle chamber together with
the exhaust gases.
8. The combination with an exhaust conduit, as I, leading from a gas engine,
of a nozzle Z surrounding the end I¹ of said conduit and opening in the rear of
said conduit end I¹ to the atmosphere, a muffle chamber X into which said nozzle
opens, said chamber being divided into a series of chambers X2 X3 by perforated
partitions and the alternate chambers X3 filled with loosely packed refractory
material and an exhaust passage X at the end of chamber X opposite to that
connected to nozzle Z.
9. The combination with the exhaust conduit of a gas engine, of a primary
muffle chamber or chambers arranged as described to preheat and vaporise oil to
be used in the engine and a secondary muffle chamber arranged to receive the
gases from the primary system and means for introducing air to said secondary
chamber to consume the hydrocarbons in the gases.
10. The combination with the exhaust conduit of a gas engine, of a primary
muffle chamber or chambers arranged as described to preheat and vaporise oil
to be used in the engine and a secondary muffle chamber arranged to receive the
gases from the primary system, said secondary chamber being divided into
chambers X2 X3 alternately open and filled with refractory material, and means
for introducing air to said secondary chamber to consume the hydrocarbons in
the gases.
Date
UHIS 10TH tray of October 1899.
MARKS & CLERK,
18, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
13, Temple Street, Birmingham, and 25, Cross Street, Manchester,
Agents.