Improvements in the Method of and Apparatus for Making. Parchmentized Fibre Tubes.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Dec., 1:91
Complete Specification Left, 28th Sept.. 1992-Accepted, 29th Oct., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Method of and Apparatus for Making.
Parchmentized Fibre Tubes.
We, ROBERT PORTER FRIST, Fibre Worker, a citizen of the United States,
residing at No. 1407 Harrison Street, in the City of Wilmington, County of
Newcastle, and State of Delaware, U.S.A., and CHARLES GIDEON RUPERT,
Manager, a citizen of the United States, residing at No. 822, Adams Street, in the
City of Wilmington, County of Newcastle, and State of Delaware, U.S.A., do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Our invention relates to that class of tubes made from chemically treated paper
known under various names, such as vulcanized, parchmentized or hard fibre.
Such tubes heretofore have been formed by winding moist treated strips on a
mandrel. This mode of manufacture we have found objectionable to some extent,
owing to the liability of the moist paper to break or tear under the strain of
winding.
The object of our invention is to obviate this difficulty and other practical
difficulties encountered in the manufacture of such fibre tubing, which end we
attain by winding strips of dry untreated paper of requisite width, spirally in
tubular form with closely abutting or overlapping edges, and then immersing or
submerging the paper tube thus formed in a chemical transforming bath of suitable
well-known constituents, such, for instance, as chloride of zine.
This immersion of the paper in the transforming bath may be done in various
ways, either as the strip is being wound into tubular form, or successively, as each
layer is applied, or after the tube is completely formed. Or, we may attain
substantially the same result by winding a strip of dry or untreated paper spirally
into a tubular form, and applying the transforming fluid thereto by forcing,
pouring, brushing, or rolling it upon the paper, so as to parchmentize the tube
during, or just after, its formation.
According to one way of carrying out our invention, the transforming bath or
fluid may be contained in a tank provided at each end with an elastic packing ring,
or annular gate, through which the mandrel passes below the normal level of the
transforming bath. Strips or ribbons of dry paper of suitable width and constitution
are wound spirally upon the mandrel at a proper angle to form a tube with closely
abutting or overlapping edges. By this arrangement, the mandrel is simultaneously
rotated, and fed forward endwise through the tank. The strips are wound on the
mandrel outside the tank, and they are fed forward thereon and therewith, through
the elastic packing rings or annular entrance gates, and out through the discharge
gates, the gates yielding sufficiently to permit their passage. Any leakage of the
bath through these gates may be caught in a drip pan.
After traversing the bath the mandrel with the tube thereon, may pass through
an eye or ring, or it may pass through pressing rollers, having semi-circular grooved
peripheries, which press and consolidate the tube which is afterwards treated, and
finished in well-known ways.
The tanks may be duplicated, and a single layer may be wound upon the
mandrel and passed through the first bath; an additional strip being then wound
upon this treated strip, and the whole then passed through a second bath, and then
through an eye and rolls. The tube is subjected to the action of the transforming
bath coincidentally with its formation, but the dry paper might first be formed
upon the mandrel, and then immersed in the bath while remaining thereon, or it
might be removed therefrom before immersion in the bath.
Our invention may also be carried out in the following manner. A strip of

page_text: paper may be made to pass from a spool around a mandrel at a suitable angle to be
wound thereon with its edges closely abutting or overlapping, as the mandrel is
rotated, and at the same time moved longitudinally in the proper direction. The
mandrel is intended both to rotate continuously and to move steadily endwise, in
contact with the face of a saturated roll made preferably of elastic material, which
may be enveloped in a fibrous absorbent covering, such as woollen cloth, or other
material, capable of resisting the action of the transforming fluid. This roll may
revolve in a tank containing a transforming bath of well known constituents, such
as chloride of zinc, etc., in which bath the lower side of this saturating roll is
immersed. A balancing or pressure roll may be made to turn in contact with
that side of the mandrel opposite the saturating roll to counteract its pressure, and
compress the tube as it is formed.
Each strip and layer of the paper is saturated with the transforming fluid as
soon as it is wound upon the mandrel. That is, as soon as it passes far enough
around it to prevent strain on the treated or saturated portion of the paper.
After leaving the rolls, the mandrel with the tube thereon, may pass through an
eye, or a pair of semi-circular grooved rolls, which consolidate it. The tube may
then be finished in well known ways.
According to a further modification, dry or untreated paper strips may be made
to pass from a spool, or spools, around a mandrel rotating and moving endwise in
contact with saturating rolls revolving above a drip pan, on the opposite side of
the mandrel from pressure rolls. The fluid drips upon the paper as it is wound
upon the mandrel from an elevated reservoir provided with a discharge pipe or
pipes, or suitable stop cocks.
A separate set of rolls may be provided for each strip, as the walls of the tube
may vary in thickness, according to the number of the plies or layers, and each
strip is wound upon the mandrel in advance of its particular set of rolls.
The mandrel carries the wound and moistened strips from the rolls through a
compressing eye or between a pair of semi-circular grooved rolls, to further con-
solidate the two.
Brushes might be substituted for the fibrous covering of the saturating rolls,
and the transforming fluid instead of dripping upon the mandrel from an elevated
reservoir might be forced there-against by pressure.
Dated this 14th day of December 1891.
ROBERT PORTER FRIST.
CHARLES GIDEON RUPERT.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Method of and Apparatus for Making
Parchmentized Fibre Tubes.
We, ROBERT PORTER FRIST, Fibre Worker, a citizen of the United States,
residing at No. 1407 Harrison Street, in the City of Wilmington, County of
Newcastle, and State of Delaware, U.S.A., and CHARLES GIDEON RUPERT,
Manager, a citizen of the United States, residing at No. 822 Adams Street, in the
City of Wilmington, County of Newcastle, and State of Delaware, U.S.A., do
hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
Our invention relates to that class of tubes made from chemically treated paper
known under various names, such as vulcanized, parchmentized or hard fibre.
Such tubes heretofore have been formed by winding moist treated strips on a
mandrel. This mode of manufacture we have found objectionable to some extent,
owing to the liability of the moist paper to break or tear under the strain of
winding.
The object of our invention is to obviate this difficulty and other practical

page_text: difficulties encountered in the manufacture of such fibre tubing, which end 'we
attain by winding strips of dry untreated paper of requisite width, spirally in
tubular form with closely abutting or overlapping edges, and then immersing or
submerging the paper tube thus formed in a chemical transforming bath of suitable'
well-known constituents, such, for instance, as chloride of zinc.
This immersion of the paper in the transforming bath may be done in various
ways, either as the strip is being wound into tubular form, or successively, as each
layer is applied, or after the tube is completely formed. Or, we may attain
substantially the same result by winding a strip of dry or untreated paper spirally
into a tubular form, and applying the transforming fluid thereto by forcing,
pouring, brushing, or rolling it upon the paper, so as to parchmentize the tube
during, or just after its formation.
According to one way of carrying out our invention, the transforming bath or
fluid may be contained in a tank provided at each end with an elastic packing
ring, or annular gate, through which the mandrel passes below the normal level
of the transforming bath. Strips or ribbons of dry paper of suitable width and
constitution are wound spirally upon the mandrel at a proper angle to form a tube
with closely abutting or overlapping edges. By this arrangement, the mandrel is
simultaneously rotated, and fed forward endwise through the tank. The strips are
wound on the mandrel outside the tank, and they are fed forward thereon and
therewith, through the elastic packing rings or annular entrance gates, and out
through the discharge gates, the gates yielding sufficiently to permit their passage.
Any leakage of the bath through these gates may be caught in a drip pan.
After traversing the bath, the mandrel with the tube thereon, may pass through
an eye or ring, or it may pass through pressing rollers, having semi-circular
grooved peripheries, which press and consolidate the tube which is afterwards
treated and finished in well-known ways.
The tanks may be duplicated, and a single layer may be wound upon the mandrel
and passed through the first bath; an additional strip being then wound upon this
treated strip, and the whole then passed through a second bath, and then through
an eye and rolls. The tube is subjected to the action of the transforming bath
coincidently with its formation, but the dry paper might first be formed upon the
mandrel, and then immersed in the bath while remaining thereon, or it might be
removed therefrom before immersion in the bath.
Our invention may also be carried out in the following manner. A strip of
paper may be made to pass from a spool around a mandrel at a suitable angle to be
wound thereon with its edges closely abutting or overlapping, as the mandrel is
rotated, and at the same time moved longitudinally in the proper direction. The
mandrel is intended both to rotate continuously and to move steadily endwise, in
contact with the face of a saturated roll made preferably of elastic material, which
may be enveloped in a fibrous absorbent covering, such as woollen cloth, or other'
material capable of resisting the action of the transforming fluid. This roll may
revolve in a tank containing a transforming bath of well known constituents, such
as chloride of zinc, etc., in which bath the lower side of this saturating roll is
immersed. A balancing or pressure roll may be made to turn in contact with that.
side of the mandrel opposite the saturating roll to counteract its pressure, and
compress the tube as it is formed.
Each strip and layer of paper is saturated with the transforming fluid as soon
as it is wound upon the mandrel. That is, as soon as it passes far enough
around it to prevent strain on the treated or saturated portion of the paper.
After leaving the rolls, the mandrel with the tube thereon, may pass through
an eye, or a pair of semi-circular grooved rolls, which consolidate it. The tube
may then be finished in well known ways.
According to a further modification, dry or untreated paper strips may be made
to pass from a spool, or spools, around a mandrel rotating and moving endwise in
contact with saturating rolls revolving above a drip pan, on the opposite side of
the mandrel from pressure rolls. The fluid drips upon the paper as it is wound

page_text: upon the mandrel from an elevated reservoir provided with a discharge pipe or
pipes, or suitable stop cocks.
A separate set of rolls may be provided for each strip, as the walls of the tube
may vary in thickness, according to the number of the plies or layers, and each
strip is wound upon the mandrel in advance of its particular set of rolls.
The inandrel carries the wound and moistened strips from the rolls through a
compressing eye or between a pair of semi-circular grooved rolls, to further con-
solidate the two.
Brushes might be substituted for the fibrous covering of the saturating rolls, and
the transforming fluid, instead of dripping upon the mandrel from an elevated
reservoir, might be forced there-against by pressure.
In order that our invention may be more clearly understood, reference is made
to the accompanying drawings, in which-
Figs. 1 and 2 represent transverse sections through apparatus for carrying out
our invention, in which a tank or tanks containing a chemical bath is employed;
Fig. 3 represents a vertical transverse central section through apparatus for
applying the chemical or transforming bath to the convolutions of the paper strip
by means of a roller, and
Fig. 4 represents a plan view of the said apparatus;
Fig. 5 represents a vertical central transverse section, and
Fig. 6, a plan of an apparatus adapted to pour the transforming fluid upon the
paper, the corresponding parts being lettered as in the preceding figures;
. Fig. 1 shows the transforming bath or fluid as contained in a tank A, provided
at each end with an elastic packing ring or annular gate B B¹, through which a
mandrel C passes below the normal level of the transforming bath. Strips or
ribbous of dry paper of suitable width and constitution are wound spirally upon
the mandrel at a proper angle to form a tube, with closely abutting or overlapping
edges.
There are various ways in which the mandrel may be rotated and fed forward.
The mechanism shown for this purpose consists of a stationary screw-shaft D,
mounted in standards d and carrying a gear-wheel E, which as it rotates moves
longitudinally on the shaft. The wheel E gears with a cog-wheel F, mounted in a
frame F, which also carries a cog-wheel H, to which the mandrel is secured. The
wheel F has a square bore, through which a square shaft H', carrying a pulley h,
extends. When the pulley is revolved, a rotary motion is given to the wheels F, E,
and H and to the mandrel, and a forward movement of all the wheels and the frame
is effected. The operation of the mechanism is obvious, and needs no further
description.
The organization shown is such that the mandrel is simultaneously rotated and
fed forward endwise through the tank. The strips are wound on the mandrel
outside the tank, and they are fed forward thereon and therewith through the
elastic packing rings or annular entrance-gates B and out through the discharge-
gates B, the gates yielding sufficiently to permit their passage. Any leakage of
the bath through these gates is caught in a drip pan A'. After traversing the bath.
the mandrel, with the tube thereon, goes through an eye or ring F or passes
between pressing-rolls G G', having semi-circularly-grooved peripheries, which
compress and consolidate the tube, which is afterward treated and finished in well-
known ways.
Fig. 2 shows an apparatus substantially similar to that delineated in Fig. i,
except that the tanks are duplicated and a single layer is wound upon the mandrel,
passed through the first bath A, an additional strip then wound upon this treated
strip, and the whole then passed through the second bath A2 and then through the
eye and rollers, as above described.
Like parts are correspondingly lettered in both figures. The apparatus, unless
otherwise indicated, being of usual approved construction and operation, needs no
detailed description. The operation of the apparatus will readily be understood
from the foregoing description.

page_text: Referring to Figs. 3 and 4, a paper strip a passes from a spool A around a
mandrel B at a suitable angle, to be wound thereon with its edges closely abutting
or overlapping as the mandrel is rotated, and at the same time moved longitudinally
in the proper direction. (Indicated by the arrows.) Figs. 3 and 4 show a mandrel
intended both to rotate continuously and to move steadily endwise in contact with
the face of a saturating-roll C, made, preferably, of elastic material, which may
be enveloped in a fibrous absorbent covering, such as woollen cloth or other
material capable of resisting the action of the transforming fluid. This roll C
revolves in a tank D, containing a transforming bath of well-known constituents,
such as chloride of zinc, &c., in which bath the lower side of this saturating-roll is
immersed. A balancing or pressure roll E turns in contact with that side of the
mandrel opposite the saturating-roll to counteract its pressure and compress the
tube as it is formed. Under this organization each strip and layer of the paper
saturated with the transforming fluid as soon as it is wound upon the mandrel-that
is, as soon as it has passed far enough around it to prevent strain on the treated or
saturated portion of the paper. After leaving the rolls the mandrel, with the tube
thereon, passes through an eye F or a pair of semi-circularly-grooved rolls G G',
which consolidate it. The tube is then finished in the usual well-known ways.
is
Figs. 5 and 6 show dry or untreated paper strips a a¹, passing from a spool or
spools around a mandrel B, rotating and moving endwise in contact with the
saturating-rolls C C', revolving above a drip-pan D on the opposite side of the
mandrel from the pressure-rolls E E. The fluid drips upon the paper as it is
wound upon the mandrel from an elevated reservoir H, provided with a discharge
pipe or pipes and suitable stop-cocks K K.
In practice a separate set of rolls C E C'E' is provided for each strip, as shown,
as the walls of the tube vary in thickness according to the number of the plies or
layers, and each strip is wound upon the mandrel in advance of its particular set
of rolls. The mandrel carries the wound and moistened strips from the rolls
through a compressing-eye F or between a pair of semi-circularly-grooved rolls G G¹
to further consolidate the two.
There are various ways in which the mandrel may be rotated and fed forward.
The mechanism shown for this purpose consists of a stationary screw-shaft d,
carrying a gear-wheel e, which as it rotates moves longitudinally on the shaft.
The wheel e gears with a cog-wheel f, mounted in a frame f¹, which also carries a
cog-wheel h, to which the mandrel is secured. The wheel fhas a square bore,
through which a square shaft ¹, carrying a pulley h³, extends.
When the pulley
is revolved, a rotary motion is given to the wheels f, e, and hand to the mandrel,
and a forward movement of all the wheels and the frame is effected. The operation
of the mechanism is obvious and needs no further description.
It is obvious that brushes might be substituted for the fibrous covering of the
saturating-roll, and that the transforming fluid, instead of dripping upon the
mandrel, as shown in Figs. 5 and 6, from an elevated reservoir, might be forced
there-against by pressure.
The operation of the apparatus will readily be understood from the foregoing
description.
Figs. 5 and 6 show the second strip as wound upon the previously-moistened
preceding strip and as being moistened in its turn.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is-
1. The herein before-described improvement in the art of making parchmentized-
fibre tubes, which improvement consists in winding a strip of dry or untreated
paper spirally into tubular form, with closely adjacent edges, converting the tube
into parchmentized fibre by passing it as fast as formed through a transforming
bath, and then consolidating the tube thus formed and treated into a homogeneous
fabric by pressure.

page_text: 2. The hereinbefore-described improvement in the art of making parchmentized-
fibre tubes, which improvement consists in winding a strip of dry or untreated
paper spirally into tubular form, with closely abutting or overlapping edges,
immersing the tube thus formed in a transforming-bath, winding a second strip of
dry or untreated paper on the treated tube, and passing both the treated and
untreated layers or convolutions through a second transforming-bath.
3. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a tank for con-
taining a transforming-bath, a mandrel, means for revolving it below the surface of
the transforming-bath, for traversing it endwise therethrough, for winding a strip
of dry or untreated paper thereon, and for carrying its convolutions through the
bath to be acted upon thereby as fast as formed, and means for consolidating the
transformed fabric into a homogeneous structure.
4. The combination, substantially as herein before set forth, of a series of trans-
forming-baths, a mandrel, means for rotating and traversing it end wise through the
baths and for winding a strip of dry or untreated paper thereon and passing it
through one of the baths, and means for winding a second strip upon the first after
passing through the first bath and for passing both strips through the succeeding
bath, for the purposes described.
5. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a transforming
tank or bath, a mandrel, means for rotating it, for winding a strip thereon, and for
moving both the mandrel and strip end wise through the bath, and gates or valves
through which the shaft, with the strip wound thereon, passes to subject it to the
action of the bath.
6. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a transforming
tank or bath, a rotating mandrel movable endwise therethrough, elastic or yielding
gates in the tank, through which the mandrel passes, together with the paper
wound thereon, and means, such as eyes or grooved rollers, for consolidating the
tube as it emerges from the bath.
7. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a series of trans-
forming tanks or baths, a rotating mandrel movable endwise therethrough, elastic
or yielding gates in the tanks through which the mandrel passes, together with the
paper wound thereon, and means, such as eyes or grooved rollers, for consolidating
the tube as it emerges from the bath, whereby a strip of dry or untreated paper
may be wound upon the mandrel, passed through the bath, successive strips or
layers of untreated paper wound thereon, and the whole passed through another
bath and consolidated after emerging therefrom.
8. The hereinbefore-described improvement in the art of making parchmentized-
fibre tubes, which improvement consists in winding a strip of dry or untreated
paper spirally into tubular form and conveying to the tube an acid or transforming
fluid to convert the paper into parchmentized-fibre as fast as wound into tubular
form.
9. The herein before-described improvement in the art of making parchmentized-
fibre tubes, which improvement consists in successively winding strips of dry or
untreated paper spirally into tubular form one upon the other, conveying to each
layer of the tube as formed an acid or transforming fluid to convert it into
parchmentized-fibre, and then consolidating the transformed layers, as described.
10. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a series of
saturating-rolls, means for applying a transforming fluid thereto, a mandrel rotating
and moving endwise past these rolls to wind the paper spirally into a tube and feed
it past them, balancing or pressure rolls on the opposite side of the mandrel to that
of the saturating-rolls, and means, such as eyes or rollers, through or between which
the mandrel passes end wise with the saturated tube thereon.
Dated this 27th day of September 1892.
CARPMAEL & Co.,
Agents for the Applicants.