Improvements in Water Motors for Pumping or Raising Liquids and for Operating Organ Bellows and the like.
Year: 1896

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Water Motors for Pumping or Raising Liquids and
for Operating Organ Bellows and the like.
I, JAMES KEITH, Assoc. M. Inst. C.E., of 27 Farringdon Avenue, in the City of
London, Gas, Hydraulic, Heating and Ventilating Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of this Invention to be as follows:-
This Invention is a development of those described in the Specification of
Letters Patent No. 23640 of 1893 and No. 260 of 1895 granted to me and it has
for its object mainly to simplify the construction of the motor whereby the fric-
tion of the working parts is reduced to a minimum by dispensing with the stuf-
fing boxes in the main valve chamber and the back end of the cylinder; to
simplify and make more sensitive and efficient the automatic controlling valve;
and to allow of water-casing the exterior of the air pump cylinder when this is
desirable by the waste water working the motor, in a simple, efficent and inexpen-
sive manner.
The improved motor consists of a cylinder with its piston, a main valve chamber
with piston valve situated over the admission and exhaust ports of the cylinder,
and an auxiliary valve chamber with its piston valve situated at one end of the
working cylinder, the parts lieing arranged in general as in the motor described in
the Specifications above referred to.
The main valve is actuated by the pressure water entering from an orifice in the
main valve chamber. When the main valve closes to the pressure water the port
leading to the back end of the cylinder, said water passes by way of a port, open-
ing on the main valve chamber, to the auxiliary valve chamber into which it
enters by means of a number of orifices therein. From the auxiliary valve cham-
ber the pressure water passes out through a second series of holes and by way of a
passage formed in or connected to the cylinder into the back end of the main valve
chamber where it acts on the end of the piston valve. This end of the piston
valve is of greater area than that part of the valve constantly acted on by the
pressure water and the valve is thus traversed so as to uncover the port at the back
end of the cylinder to the pressure water from the inlet orifice. When the piston
traverses the length of the cylinder, a nut on the end of the piston rod acting on
a button secured on the auxiliary valve piston rod moves said piston until the
orifices in said valve chamber, which are in communication with the pipe leading
from the auxiliary valve chamber to the back of the main valve chamber, are put
nto communication with a passage leading from the auxiliary valve chamber to
he exhaust chamber in the main valve. The pressure water which before acted
on the back of the main valve chamber is now open to the exhaust; and the pres-
ure water, which is constantly acting on the other side of the piston of main
alve meeting with no opposition, traverses the piston valve so as to open the port

page_text: in the back end of the cylinder to the exhaust and open the port at the front end
to the pressure water. The pressure water now acts on the front side of the pis-
ton and drives it back, when the piston rod acting on the rod of the auxiliary
valve piston drives said valve piston back until communication between the
passages leading from the back of the main valve chamber to the auxiliary valve
chamber is closed to the exhaust and communication between the pressure water
in the main valve chamber and the aforesaid passage is established, which pres-
sure water again acts on the back of the main valve piston as already described.
As a modification the auxiliary valve instead of being formed as a piston valve
as already described may be formed so as to bear on a ground face on the back end
of the cylinder and have a radial slot formed in which alternately puts the port
leading from the pressure water in the main valve chamber into communication
with the port leading to the back of the main valve chamber, and the port lead-
ing from the back of the main valve chamber into communication with the ex-
haust port from the auxiliary valve chamber. To give the necessary turning
movement to the auxiliary valve the spindle excepting that part which is carried
through the face upon which the valve bears is of square cross section and has a
twist upon it which when the piston moves backwards or forwards is so acted
upon by a nut on the hollow piston rod that the valve is turned to put in communi-
cation either of the two sets of ports before mentioned. In order to prevent the
piston rod from turning a fork piece is secured on it outside the cylinder which
fork piece acts on a stationary guide..
Pressure water is admitted automatically to actuate the motor by the action of
valve apparatus connected to the water supply orifice on the main valve chamber.
This apparatus consists of a valve casing in which is secured a diaphragm upon
the upper side of which the compresed air for raising the liquid acts against a
weighted lever the other end of which passes through a slot in a spindle connected
to the lower side of the diaphragm. The lower end of this spindle passes through
a cup leather and acts to close an orifice in the water end of said apparatus. in
the water casing another diaphragm is fitted, with the upper side of which the
aforementioned orifice communicates, whilst the under side is acted on by the
pressure water. This diaphragm acts by the combined action of a spring and
pressure water admitted to its upper side by a small adjustable bye-pass to close
communication between the pressure water and the motor when the air in the
receiver is at its normal pressure, but when the pressure falls below the normal
the weighted lever raises the small valve off its seat and the water confined on
the upper side of the diaphragm passes through an outlet to the exhaust. The
pressure water which acts on the underside of the diaphragm now lifts said dia-
phragm against the action of the spring and escapes to the main valve chamber of
the motor to operate it.
When the motor is used for the working of organ bellows, the upper diaphragm
is by preference removed altogether, and the lower spindle of the said upped dia-
phragm worked directly by a lever and chain actuated by the bellows.
The air pump cylinder can be most efficiently and simply water-cased by tightly
elippin over the turned flanges and other exterior surfaces provided on it, an
outer covering or casing of metal formed internally to fit the other external sur
faces of cylinder, the whole being put together by hydraulic or other efficient
pressure.
The waste water pipe from motor can be connected to one end of this outer cover
ug and at other end an exhaust water pipe can be fitted. This arrangement is
desirable and necessary should the apparatus either he working in a heated atmos
phere or be kept going rapidly and continuously.
WALLACE
FAIRWEATHER,
Of the Firm of Cruikshank & Fairweather, Chartered Patent Agents,
62, Saint Vincent Street, Glasgow, Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Water Motors for Pumping or Raising Liquids ad
for Operating Organ Bellows and the like.
I, JAMES KEITH, Assoc. M. Inst. C.E.. of 27 Farringdon Avenue, in the City
of London, Gas, Hydraulic, Heating and Ventilating Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
bo particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This Invention is a development of those described in the Specifications of
Letters Patent No. 23640 of 1893 and No. 260 of 1895 granted to me and it has for
its objec. mainly to simplify the construction of the motor whereby the friction
of the working parts is reduced to a minimum by dispensing with the stuffing
boxes in the main valve chamber and the back end of the cylinder: to simplify
and make more sensitive and efficient the automatic controlling valve: and to
allow of water casing the exterior of the air pump cylinder when this is desirable
by the waste water working the motor, in a simple, efficient and inexpensive
manner.
The Invention is. illustrated by the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 being a
transverse vertical section of the apparatus. and Figure 2 a longitudinal vertical
section with the regulating valve removed. Figure 3 shews a slightly modified
form of the auxiliary piston valve. Figure 4 shews the form of valve and the
arrangement of valve casing and ports when the valve is constructed to bear on
a ground face, and Figures 5 and 6 are front views respectively of the valve and
ground face.
As shewn by Figures 1, 2 and 3 the improved motor consists of a cylinder A with
its piston B, a main valve chamber C with piston valve D situated over the admis-
sion and exhaust ports E of the cylinder A, and an auxiliary valve chamber F
with its piston vaive G situated at one end of the working cylinder A, the parts
being arranged in general as in the motor described in the Specifications above.
referred to.
The main valve piston D is actuated by the pressure water entering from an
orifice H in the main valve chamber C. When the main valve D closes to the
pressure water the port E leading to the back end of the cylinder, said water passes
by way of a port I, opening on the main valve chamber C, to the auxiliary valve
chamber F into which it enters by means of a number of orifices J therein. From
the auxiliary valve chamber F the pressure water passes out through a second
series of holes K and by way of a passage L formed in or connected to the cylinder
into the back end of the main valve chamber C where it acts on the end DI of the
piston valve D. This end D' of the piston valve D is of greater area than that end
of the valve D constantly acted on by the pressure water and the valve is thus
traversed so as to uncover the port. E at the back end of the cylinder A to the
pressure water from the inlet orifice H. When the piston B traverses the length
of the cylinder A, a nut M¹ on the end of the piston rod M acting on a button N
secured on the auxiliary valve piston rod O moves the piston valve G until the
orifices K in the auxiliary valve chamber F, which are in communication with the
pipe or passage L leading from said valve chamber to the back of the main valve
chamber C, are put into communication with a passage P leading from the auxili-
ary valve chamber F to the exhaust chamber Q in the main valve chamber C...
The pressure water which before acted at the back of the main valve chamber C
on the end D' of the piston D is now open to the exhaust chamber Q, and the
pressure water, which is constantly acting on the other side D3 of the main valve
piston D meeting with no opposition, traverses the piston valve D so as to open the
port E in the back end of the cylinder to the exhaust chamber Q and open the
port E at the front end to the pressure water. The pressure now acts on the front

page_text: side of the piston B and drives it hack, when the piston rod M acting on the rod O
of the auxiliary valve piston G drives said valve piston back until communication
between the passage L'leading from the hack of the inain valve chamber C to the
auxiliary valve chamber F is closed to the exhaust Q and communication hetween
the pressure water in the main valve chamber C and the aforesaid passage Lis
established by way of the ports J and K, which pressure water again acts on the
hack of ae main valve piston D as already described.
In the modified form of auxiliary valve shewn' at Figure 3, the piston of said
valve is made hollow as at G1 throughout its length whereby it is put into equili
brium by means of the pressure water in the back end of the cylinder A and is
thus secure against shocks in the exhaust pipe which might tend to alter the posi-
tion of this valve after it has been moved by the main piston, a third series of
ports R being formed in the valve chamber to communicate with the exhaust
Passage P.
As a modification the auxiliary valve instead of being formed as a piston valve
as already described may he formed as shewn at S, Figures 4, 5 and 6, so as to bear
on a ground face T on the back end of the cylinder A and have a radial slot S!
formed in it which alternately puts the port I leading from the pressure water in
the main valve chamber into communication with the port L. leading to the back of
the main valve chamher, and the port L leading from the back of the main valve
chamber into communication with the exhaust passage P from the auxiliary valve
chamber. To give the necessary turning movement to the auxiliary valve G the
spindle O excepting that part which is carried through the face upon which the
valve S hears is of square cross section and has a twist upon it which when the
piston B moves backwards or forwards is so acted upon by a nut on the hollow
piston rod M that the valve S is turned to put in communication either of the two
seta of ports before mentioned. In order to prevent the piston rod M from turn-
ing, a forked pieer M is secured on it outside the cylinder A which fork piece acts
on a stationary guide M.
Pressure water is admitted automatically to actuate the motor by the action of
valve apparatus connected to the water supply orifice on the main valve chamber.
This apparatus consists of a valve casing a in which is secured a diaphragm b
upon the upper side of which the compressed air for raising the liquid acts against
a weighted levere the other end of which passes through a slot in a spindle d
connected to the lower side of the diaphragm b. The lower end of this spindle.
which is formed as a valve e, passes through a cup leather el or other packing gland,
and acts to close an orifice f in the water end of said apparatus. In the water
casing of the valve apparatas another diaphragm & is fitted, with the upper
side of which the aforementioned orifice communicates, whilst the under side is
acted on by the pressure water entering at i. This diaphragm & acts by the com-
bined action of a spring j and pressure water admitted to its upper side by a small
adjustable hye-pass & to close ecommunication hetween the pressure water and the
motor by way of the orifice H when the air in the receiver is at its normal pres-
sure, but when the pressure falls below the normal the weighted lever e raises the
small valve e off its seat and the water confined on the upper side of the dia-
phragm & passes through an outlet / to the exhaust Q. The pressure water which
acts on the underside of the diaphragm & now lifts said diaphragm against the
action of the spring ; and escapes by way of the orifice to the main valve
chamber of the motor to operate it."
h
When the motor is used for the working of organ bellows, the upper dia-
phragm is by preference removed altogether, and the lower spindle d of the said
upper diaphragm worked directly by a lever and chain actuated by the bellows.
The air pump cylinder when such is provided can be most efficiently and simply
water-cased by tightly slipping over the turned flanged and other exterior surfaces
provided on it, an outer covering or casing of metal formed internally to fit the
other external surfaces of cylinder, the whole being put together by hydraulic or
other efficient pressure.

page_text: The waste water pipe from the motor can be connected to one end of this outer
covering and at the other end an exhaust water pipe can be fitted. This arrange-
ment is desirable and necessary should the apparatus either be working in a heated
atmosphere or be kept going rapidly and continuously.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said In-
vention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
1. A water motor the parts of which are constructed, arranged and combined
substantially as described with reference to the annexed drawings.
2. In water motors for pumping or raising liquids and for operating organ
bellows and the like the combination with the motor cylinder of a main piston
valve the smaller end of which is constantly acted upon by the pressure water and
an auxiliary valve situated on the back of the cylinder and operated from the
piston rod to put the large end of the main valve into communication with the
pressure water whereby the front and back ports of the cylinder are alternately
opened to pressure water and to the exhaust substantially as described.
3. In water motors for pumping or raising liquids and for operating organ
bellows and the like a regulating valve constructed as described and arranged to
automatically control the admission of water to the motor substantially as
described.
4. In water motors for pumping or raising liquids and for operating organ
bellows and the like an auxiliary valve constructed as described with reference to
Figures 2 and 3 and arranged to control the operation of the motor valve.
5. In water motors for pumping or raising liquids and for operating organ
bellows and the like an auxiliary valve constructed as described with reference to
Figure 4 and arranged to control the operation of the motor valve.
WALLACE FAIRWEATHER,
Of the Firm of Cruikshank & Fairweather, Chartered Patent Agents,
62 Saint Vincent Street, Glasgow, Agent for the Applicant.