Improvements in and relating to Machinery for the Calendering or Finishing of Paper or like Fibrous Web Material.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 15th Mar., 1898-Accepted, 28th May, 1898
Improvements in and relating to Machinery for the Calendering or
Finishing of Paper or like Fibrous Web Material.
A communication from abroad by IRWIN PETER DILLON, of 62, Butler Street,
Lawrence, in the State of Massachusetts, one of the United States of America,
Manufacturer, and HENRY CLAY KING, of 361, Lowell Street, Lawrence afore-
said, Grocer.
I, ALFRED GEORGE BROOKES, of 55 & 56, Chancery Lane, in the County of
London, Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement:-.
$
This invention has for its object to provide an improved calendering machine.
⚫ Calendering machines comprehend usually a plurality or stack of rolls resting
one upon another, and running in suitable end bearings, the paper being passed
back and forth between the rolls, suitable devices, called doctors, being pressed
against the different rolls to prevent the paper hugging any particular roll instead
of passing to and about the next of the series.
In calendering machines as now usually constructed, these doctors are mounted
at their ends upon joumals forming a part of the doctors themselves, or are
arranged upon pivots directly connected with the doctors to enable the latter to
be swung towards or from their respective rolls.
The journals or pivots being connected directly to the doctors, do not however
permit any change in the axial or aligned position of the doctor, and if, as is
frequently the case, the rolls of the stack should, by reason of wear in the bearings
or otherwise, settle slightly lower at one of their ends than at the other, the
doctors for the several rolls would contact with the latter at one, their lowest ends
only, and would therefore not operate properly upon the paper.
In accordance with one part of this present invention, I mount the doctors in
suitable end supporting connections of such character as will not only permit
the doctors to be moved laterally and bodily towards and from their respective
rolls, but will also permit the said doctors when moved against their rolls to
adjust themselves axially, that is,, to change their alignment sufficiently to enable
them to contact for their entire lengths with their rolls.
.In the preferred embodiment of my invention for accomplishing this result I
suspend the doctors at their ends in links jointed both to the doctors and to the
supports from which the doctors are hung, there being one or more links at each
of the ends of the doctors as may be found desirable.
My invention comprehends also various details of construction to be hereinafter-
described and pointed out in the claims.
In calendering machines as now constructed, means are provided for moistening
and cooling the paper as it passes between the rollers.
Such means as heretofore provided have consisted of one or more air jets pro-
jected upon the paper, the air as it is projected acting to draw more or less water
from a suitable source which is mixed with the air and deposited upon the paper,
TD71

page_text: In practice my correspondents have found that by the use of combined air and
water the water is apt to be deposited upon the paper in globules of excessive
size, and have also found that the nozzles through which the water is projected
upon the paper must be so small in order to restrict the quantity of water used,
as to become readily clogged by sediment or foreign particles carried in suspen-
sion by the water.
To obviate this objection, the present invention comprehends the use of com-
bined air and steam mozzles, the steam being utilized as the carrier to project
itself and also a quantity of air drawn thereby upon the paper, the contact of
the steam with the air, as the two are mixed, acting to condense the steam and
cause a deposit upon the paper of fine particles of moisture much like dew, my
.correspondents having found that they are enabled to more uniformly moisten
and cool the paper by this means than by the combined use of air and water.
In the drawings, Fig. 1, in front elevation, shows a calendering machine em-
bodying my invention;
Fig. 2, a vertical section of the same taken on the dotted line x-x;
Fig. 3, an enlarged sectional detail showing one of the doctors and its attach-
ments, the section being on the line x-x Fig. 1;
Figs. 4 and 5 are sections on the dotted line y-y, Fig. 3, looking toward the
right and left respectively.
Fig. 6, is a top or plan view partially broken out, of the moistening or cooling
device.
Fig. 7, a cross section of the same on the dotted line ¹¹.
Fig. 8, is a central vertical section showing other embodiments of my improved
doctor.
Fig. 9, is a broken detail, in front elevation, showing a modified form of
mounting the doctor and its connections.
In the embodiment of my invention selected for illustration and shown in
the drawings, A, A, are the two end frames of the calender mounted upon a suit-
able base A¹, said end frames being provided with usual vertical slots a for the
reception of the bearing boxes a¹ of the several calender rolls a², the slots a being
closed at the tops of the end frames by suitable caps a³, all constructed and
arranged to operate as is now customary in calenders in common use.
Referring now particularly to Figs. 2 to 5, the doctors are shown at D, they
preferably having a V shaped cross-section as shown, and adapted at their edges
to act against the calender rolls.
At their ends the doctors are preferably provided with end castings or heads d',
to which are jointed at d³ the lower ends of links d³, jointed at their upper ends
at d to the end frames A or to suitable cheek plates d applied thereto, see
Fig. 2.
In the construction shown also the said doctors have jointed to the outer ends
of their heads d' at d³, the lower ends of the arms de of bell crank levers pivoted
at d to the end frames or the cheek plates d* attached thereto, the other arms d³
being shown as sector-like in shape and adapted for attachment of the springs,
as will be described.
Assuming therefore that each doctor is hung at its opposite ends upon what
in effect are two links d³, do, which constitute connections between the doctor
and its support, viz.:-the end frame, which connections are jointed not only
to the end frame but to the doctor also, it will be evident that the said doctor may
have a lateral movement towards or from its calender roll, and may also have a
greater or less axial movement whereby its alignment may be changed as desired.
Where a doctor has a body movement, one of its ends may be moved farther
than the other without twisting the structure itself, but where it has simply a
movement about a pivot, one end cannot be moved farther than the other without
twisting the structure; hence the adaptability of my improved construction to
rolls in which the alignment has changed.
Referring now particularly to Figs. 3 to 5, the doctors are shown as pressed

page_text: against their respective rolls by suitable springs s, shown as coiled springs,
mounted upon suitable seats e, shown as cup-shaped and pivotted at e¹ to the
cheek plates d*.
.
The springs at their ends opposite their seats act upon suitable collars e²; shown
as threaded upon the ends of the swing rods e³ which pass through the springs
and the seats therefor, and at their opposite ends are slotted as at e to enable
them to be slipped upon the sector arms d8 of the bell crank levers described, .
the said spring rods at the slots e¹ being provided with the detents e5 to cooperate.
with suitable notches e in the sector arms ds, to fix the adjusted positions of the "
spring rods upon the said sector arms.
:
When the calender is first set in operation, it is desirable that the doctors press-
against their respective rolls with greater force than after the calender has been
in operation for some time, and therefore in starting the calender; the spring
rods will be positioned upon the sector arms of the bell crank levers in the.
positions determined by the holding notches e farthest removed from the pivots.
of the said bell crank levers, the springs then acting through. the greatest lever-
age, and therefore with the greatest power to press the doctors against their.
respective rolls.
T
If this spring pressure were continued, the pressure of the doctors against.
their rolls would act shortly to heat the latter, and therefore after the calender.
has been operated for a time, the spring rods e³ are moved inwardly to the inner-
most notches e6 of their bell crank levers, thereby partially to relieve the pressure
of the doctors upon the rolls to prevent heating, this reduced pressure being
however, sufficient to ensure proper passage of the paper through the calender
after the latter has once been fairly in operation.
The arms of the bell crank levers are shown as provided at their outer.ends
with the stop projections d, the curve of the arms being turned sharply inward,
as shown so that when the spring rods e³ are moved outwardly from the notches e
farthest from the pivots , they will at once drop down to the stops d', which hold
them in position, yet entirely release the pressure of the doctor upon the roll.
Each doctor is provided, as herein shown, with the depending guiding combs
or fingers to assist in directing the paper between the successive pairs of rolls.
So far as known to my correspondents they are the first to mount a doctor in
such a manner as to provide for a lateral body movement towards and from its
roll, whereby its alignment may be automatically changed to accomodate the
alignment of the roll, and so far as known to them they are also the first to provide
a sector, through which the spring acts upon the doctor, whereby the acting point
of the spring which is the detent es, may be changed as to its position to vary
the pressure of the doctor upon its roll:
I have thus far described one means of accomplishing a bodily and automatic
alignment of the doctor, so that it becomes self adjusting to meet the alignments
of the calender roll opposite to it, irrespective of any position the latter may
temporarily assume; but I do not wish to be understood as restricting the inven-
tion to this particular mechanism.
Accordingly in Figs. 8 and 9, I have shown other mechanism for accomplishing
the same object, and while it will be understood that each of these different
mechanisms, or species, possess the common advantage or capability of changing
its alignment to meet the alignment of the roll, they also possess other individual
advantages and capabilities due to their respective constructions.
Referring to the doctors shown in the upper part of Fig. 8, it will be seen that
the doctors D are provided with links d³ pivotted to the doctor at d², and to the
cheek plates at d, the same as before, and that in the lower part of Fig. 8 and
in Fig. 9, the doctor instead of being sustained by a link at its forward end; has
projecting ends c, arranged to ride in a fixed slide-way c¹ on the cheek plate, said
slide-way being preferably provided with friction rolls or bolts; c².
These doctors have. at each end, a bolt or projection, g; adjustable if desired,
said bolt having a stop gl and nut g³ thereon, and receiving at its outer end, the
lower sleeved end o³ of a lever of.

page_text: The latter is pivotted at its upper end, preferably adjustably by means of a
slot 3, on the support or cheek plate d³, and has an operating handle ga, shown as
constituting therewith a bell crank lever.
A spring s is interposed between the stop g¹ and sleeve g³ tending to separate
the two, this spring performing the office of the springs before described.
This spring is caused to normally hold the doctor pressed against its roll by.
means of a suitable lock, herein shown as a pivotted latch k weighted at its pro-
jecting outer end and having a hook at its opposite end to engage a pin con.
the cheek plate.
As shown in connection with the upper three doctors, the various parts are so
hung and proportioned that the doctors are held considerably ahead of the
pivots d when the latch k is engaged with pin c, so that the lifting of the outer
ends of the latches k causes the doctors automatically to swing away from the
rolls by foice of gravity; whereas the lowermost two doctors, are shown as having
no tendency to swing away from the rolls when the latch is released, but rather
a tendency, because of the weight of the latch and handle, to swing or move
towards the rolls.
In operation, the stop g¹ will be adjusted so as to cause the spring, bearing
against the sleeve g³, to hold the doctor D against its roll with the desired tension
when the latch k is hooked under the pin c, thus maintaining the doctor against
its roll under slightly yielding pressure, when so caught or hooked.
If now the paper should catch, or a blade scratch or break, or any other mishap
require it, the weighted end of the latch k is thrown up and the handle raised,
both of these movements being accomplished quickly, by one upward throw of
the hand, thereby removing the doctor entirely away from its roll.
It will be observed that unless the latch is caught on its pin, the spring s¹
has no tendency to hold the doctor against its roll. Another feature of the
improvements consists in forming the doctor as a removable and preferably rolled
steel blade having a shank or flange do removably set in a holding groove ("
formed in a carrier d¹².
.
When one of these blades is injured, it is but a moments delay, simply to
slip it out of its carrier and to slip a new blade into its place, thus restoring the
doctor to perfect working order in a moment and at slight expense.
Referring now to Figs. 2, 6 and 7, it will be seen that there is provided
opposite each doctor an air supply pipe h, extending longitudinally of the rolls,
and opposite the bight between two adjacent rolls, said air supply pipe being
shown provided with a continuous nozzle h¹, adapted to direct a jet or film of air
into the bight between the rolls.
Within this air supply pipe h, see Fig. 7, there is in the present instance,
arranged a steam pipe i, supplied with steam from a suitable source, and provided
immediately back of the nozzle h¹ with one or more series of perforations 21,
through which steam is directed into the nozzle from within the air supply pipe.
In the operation of the calender, steam admitted to the pipe i escapes through
the perforations into the air nozzle h', and draws air into the air supply pipe
and projects it, mixed with the steam, through the nozzle h¹ upon the paper at
the bight between the rolls.
As soon as the steam comes in contact and mixes with the air in the nozzle h¹,
it is at once condensed by the air and is deposited by the latter upon the paper,
much in the form of dew, that is, in such fine particles that it cannot excessively
moisten the paper, yet in such quantities as to keep the paper cool and sufficiently
damp to enable it to receive the desired finished surface."
The perforations, in the steam pipe may be made sufficiently small to restrict
the delivery of the steam, without danger of becoming clogged, inasmuch as
there are no foreign particles or substances carried in suspension by the steam,
thereby making this device superior to devices wherein water is used, for water
nearly always carries in suspension various foreign substances.
In Fig. 2, the doctor D₁ for the lowermost roll of the stack, is reversed, that is,.

page_text: "
supported from its underside rather than suspended from its upper side, as with
the other doctors, it being supported in practically the same manner upon links do,,
and the aims d¹ of bell crank levers pivotted at d¹³ and having their sector
arms d acted upon by the spring rods e³ of the springs in the cup shaped seats e*
pivotted at e¹³.
The invention is not limited to the particular construction of parts herein shown
and described, for it is evident the same may be varied without departing from
the spirit and scope of the invention, and while I have herein shown doctors.
applied to all the rolls of the stack, yet they may be applied to a part only, if.
desired, and the number of rolls and the construction of the doctors may be varied,
as desired.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
The improvements in and relating to machinery for the calendering or finishing
of paper or like fibrous web material consisting of:
1. In a calendering machine having a plurality of superimposed calendering
rolls freely movable vertically, an automatically moving doctor, supported at
its ends and movable towards its roll, both ends simultaneously, and either end
bodily and independent of the opposite end, substantially as described.
2. In a calendering machine, having a plurality of superimposed calendering
rolls, freely movable vertically, a supported movable doctor, and means automati-
cally to cause movement of said doctor, both ends simultaneously and either end
independently toward its roll, so as to cause it to follow the vertical axial plane
or bight of said rolls, substantially as described.
3. The combination with a roll, and bearings therefor, of a doctor, supports
therefor, and a plurality of connections at opposite ends of and connecting the
said doctor and supports, and pivotted both to the doctor and supports, sub-
stantially as described.
4. The combination with a roll and bearings therefor, of a doctor, supports
therefor, connecting links jointed both to the supports and doctor, and springs
to move said doctor towards said roll, substantially as described.
5. The combination with a roll, its bearings, and a doctor hung to move bodily.
towards and from said roll, of a spring lever fixedly pivotted at one end, and
connected with and to move said doctor, and a spring and connections between
it and said lever, permitting the acting point of the spring to be changed relatively
to the said lever, substantially as described.
6. The combination with a roll, its bearings, of a doctor, supporting links for
and at the ends thereof and loosely pivotted to it and to its support, and pivotted
bell crank levers having one of their arms jointed to said doctor, and springs
connected with their other arms, substantially as described.
7. The combination with a roll, and its bearings, of a doctor adapted to be
moved towards and from the said roll, the pivotted bell crank levers connected
with said doctor, the springs, pivotted cup shaped seats therefor, and the spring
rods adapted to engage the said bell crank levers, and operate substantially, as
described.
8. The combination with a roll, and its bearings, of a doctor adapted to be
moved bodily towards and from the said roll, the pivotted bell crank levers,.
having notched arms, springs, and spring rods adapted to engage the said notches,
to hold said doctor normally pressed against said roll, substantially as described.
9: A doctor, and supports therefor, combined with means to movably support
said doctor. at each end and mechanism to cause the same to move bodily back
from the roll, a tension device carried by said doctor and normally inoperative,.
and means to render said tension device operative, substantially as described.
10. The combination with a roll, of a doctor, a tension device therefor and
movable therewith, said device being normally inoperative, and mechanism

page_text: including a latch, rendering said tension device operative to hold said doctor
against the roll, substantially as described.
11. A doctor, and its supports, movable connections between said doctor and
its supports, a projection extending from the doctor, a lever pivottally connected
to said projection and to the adjacent support, and a handle to operate the lever,
combined substantially as described.
12. A doctor, and its supports, movable connections between said doctor and
its supports, a projection extending from the doctor, a lever movable longitudi-
nally on said projection and pivotally connected to said projection and to the
adjacent support and a handle to operate the lever, combined substantially as.
described.
13. A doctor, and its supports, movable connections between said doctor and
its supports, a projection extending from the doctor, a lever pivottally connected
to said projection and to the adjacent support, a lock to hold said lever normally
in a certain position, and a handle to operate the lever, combined substantially
as described.
:
14. A doctor, and its supports, movable connections between said doctor and
its supports, a projection extending from the doctor, a tension device, a lever
movable longitudinally on said projection and pivotally connected to said pro-
jection and to the adjacent support, and a handle to operate the lever, combined
substantially as described.
15. The combination with a doctor, its supports, and movable connections
between the doctor and its supports, of a projection extending from said doctor,
a stop thereon, a lever movable longitudinally on and pivottally connected to
said projection and connected to the adjacent support, a spring operating between
said stop and lever to hold them apart, and a lock to hold said lever under pressure
against said spring, substantially as described.
16. The combination with a doctor, its supports, and movable connections
between the doctor and its supports, of a projection extending from said doctor,
a stop adjustable thereon, a lever movable longitudinally on and pivotally con-
nected to said projection and connected to the adjacent support, a spring operating
between said stop and lever to hold them apart, and a lock to hold said lever
under pressure against said spring, substantially as described.
17: The combination with a doctor, its supports, and movable connections
between the doctor and its supports, of a projection extending from said doctor,
a stop thereon, a lever movable longitudinally on and pivotally connected to
said projection and connected to the adjacent support, a spring operating between
said stop and lever to hold them apart, a pin on said support, and a latch pivoted
on said lever, said latch being weighted at its outer end and adapted to engage
said pin at its other end, substantially as described.
18: A doctor, supports therefor; and movable connections between the doctor.
and its supports, combined with a lever pivotally connected to the doctor and to
the adjacent support, and means to adjust said lever up and down on its said
support, substantially as described.
19: A doctor, supports therefor, and links pivotally connected to the doctor
and to said supports, combined with a projection from said doctor, a lever longi-
tudinally movable on said projection and pivotally connected thereto and to the
adjacent support, and a handle to operate the lever, substantially as described.
20: The combination with a calender, of an air supply, and one or more steam
jets arranged adjacent the calender rolls to project the said air directly towards
the calender rolls, substantially as described.
21: The combination with a calender, of an air supply pipe provided with
a nozzle opening adjacent and parallel to the calender rolls, and a steam pipe
arranged within the said air supply pipe adjacent said rolls and adapted to pro-
ject steam into the said nozzle from within the air supply pipe, whereby the
steam is mixed with and condensed by the air immediately before the latter is
projected from the nozzle, substantially as described.

page_text: 22. In a doctor, the combination with a blade having a flange throughout its
-length, of a carrier therefor of substantially the same length therewith, having a
holding groove throughout its length to receive and removably hold said blade,
substantially as described.
WM. BROOKES & SON,
55 and 56, Chancery Lane, London,
Agents for the Applicant.