IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS FOR PREVENTING NUTS AND BOLTS OR OTHER SCREWED PARTS FROM WORKING LOOSE
Year: 1884

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
We, WILLIAM BAYLISS, of the firm of Bayliss, Jones and Bayliss, of Victoria
Works Wolverhampton in the County of Stafford, Bolt, Nut and Fencing
manufacturers, and ROBERT HOWARTH, of 9, Beaumaris Terrace, Lower Villiers
Street, Blakenhall, Wolverhampton, aforesaid, Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of our invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS FOR PREVENTING NUTS AND
BOLTS OR OTHER SCREWED PARTS FROM WORKING LOOSE to be as follows:-
The chief object of this invention is to form a nut for screw bolts (and for other
articles having a male or external screw thread) in such a manner that a part or
parts at or near the outer face thereof shall distort the threads upon the screw bolt
as the same pass through or out of the outer end of the nut as the nut is screwed
up thereon, such distorted threads securely preventing the nut from becoming
unscrewed by any jarring action to which it may be subjected.
According to one modification of this invention a self-locking nut is formed from
any description of screwed nut by bruising, compressing, or indenting, one, two, or
more of its threads nearest to its front or outer face inwards (that is towards the
opposite face) each in one, two, or, more places around the circumference.
The threads may be bruised, compressed, or indented, by means of a flat ended
fuller, punch, or other corresponding tool, which is driven or pressed against the
outer face of the nut, such tool bearing preferably for a short distance or distances
only upon the face of the nut from the hole therethrough towards the outer
circumference of the nut.
The outer thread or threads are thus bruised, compressed, or indented, with the
general bruising down, compressing, or indenting of the metal, and as the nut is
screwed up upon its bolt (or corresponding part) the uninjured threads, which are
those through the greater thickness of the nut, are readily screwed upon the bolt,
but when the bruised, compressed, or indented part or parts of the thread or
threads come to be screwed thereon the effect is to distort those threads of the bolt
upon which the bruised, compressed, or indented thread or threads of the nut are
screwed, and the nut is thus securely prevented from becoming unscrewed by any
jarring action to which it may be subjected.
The effect is of course the same whether the nut is screwed upon the bolt, or the
bolt screwed up within the nut.

page_text: According to another modification of our invention a small projection or
projections may be formed, during the manufacture of the nut-blank, upon the
outer face thereof in position to be afterwards over the parts of the threads to be
bruised, and this projection or projections are simply hammered or pressed down to
effect the bruising, compressing, or indenting, of the thread or threads.
According to another modification of our invention the thread at the outer face
of the nut may be bruised, compressed, or indented, around the entire circum-
ference (or for any desired part or parts) thereof, by means of a spherical-ended or
partly spherical-ended tool driven or pressed thereagainst, with an effect corre-
sponding very closely with that produced by the previously described methods of
bruising, compressing, or indenting the thread or threads; or a projection may be
formed around the entire circumference of the edge of the hole through the nut at
the outer face thereof, when forming the nut-blank, and this projection be hammered
or pressed down so as to bruise, compress, or indent, the thread next to the outer
face of the nut.
Various methods have been described above for bruising, compressing, or
indenting the thread or threads, but such. bruising, compressing, or indenting
may be effected in any convenient manner.
According to another modification of our invention the nut has a projection or
projections formed on the outer face thereof, such projection or projections being
clear of the cut in tapping the thread, but afterwards set forwards so that when the
nut is screwed upon the bolt (or corresponding part) the projection or projections
distort the bolt threads as they pass out through the nut.
It will be seen that our improved construction of nuts are, self-locking quite
independently of any special attention on the part of the person whose duty it may
be to screw them upon their bolts (or corresponding parts), as there are no loose or
extra parts thereto to be fixed or placed in position.
This invention is, of course, applicable also, as will be readily understood,
in the case of deck plates, of a certain description of fish plates, and various
other articles which have a hole or holes therethrough screwed to receive a
screwed bolt or bolts or other part or parts having a male or external screw thread
thereon.
Although it is much preferred to treat, in the manner before described, the
internal screw thread through a nut or other article; it will be obvious that, if
desired, one or more of the threads of the bolt or other part having, a male or
external thread thereon may be bruised, compressed or indented, in an analogous
manner to and in lieu of some of the modifications of the means by which
the screw thread or threads of the nut or other part having a female or internal
screw thread is or are bruised, compressed or indented; but in such case the
thread or threads so treated should be that one or those which enter only a
short distance into the inner face of the nut or other article having an internal
thread.

page_text: We, WILLIAM BAYLISS, of the firm of Bayliss Jones and Bayliss, of Victoria
Works, Wolverhampton in the County of Stafford, bolt nut and fencing manu-
facturers, and ROBERT HOWARTH, of 9 Beaumaris Terrace, Lower Villiers Street,
Blakenhall, Wolverhampton, aforesaid, engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
our invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS FOR PREVENTING NUTS AND BOLTS
OR OTHER SCREWED PARTS FROM WORKING LOOSE and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the accompanying drawings and the
letters of reference marked thereon:-
The main purpose of this invention is to form a nut for screw bolts (and for
other articles having a male or external screw-thread) in such a manner as that the
nut shall distort the convolutions of the thread upon the screw bolt, as the same
pass through the part of the nut adjacent to the outer face as the nut is screwed
up thereon, such distorted convolutions of the thread securely preventing the nut
from becoming unscrewed by any jarring action to which it may be subjected.
The means by which this invention may be carried into effect are illustrated by
the drawings herewith, of which figure 1 is a transverse section taken diagonally
through an ordinary screwed nut, and figure 2 a back or outer elevation of the
same, that is of the face a figure 1. A fullered-ended tool is driven or pressed
against the outer face of the nut so as to produce a grooved or pressed-down part b,
by which means the outer convolution or convolutions of the thread are pressed
down or indented in one place around their circumference with the general pressing
down or indenting of the metal occasioned by the tool. This pressing down of the
outer convolutions of the thread is clearly shewn at figure 1. As this nut is
afterwards screwed upon its bolt (or corresponding part) the unaltered convolutions
of the thread, being those through the greater thickness of the nut, as shewn, are
readily screwed upon the bolt, but when the pressed-down or indented parts come
to be screwed thereon the effect is to distort those convolutions of the thread of the
bolt upon which the pressed-down or indented convolutions of the thread of the nut
are screwed (that is to say such convolutions of the thread of the bolt are forced
out of pitch or gauge with the remaining convolutions of the thread of the bolt).
Figure 3 illustrates the screwed end of a bolt upon which a nut with pressed-down
or indented convolutions of the thread has been screwed up but not screwed back.
The nut is omitted in the illustration. c shews the distortion in the convolutions
of the thread of the bolt at the point up to which a pressed-down or indented
convolution of the thread of the nut has been screwed. Each of the outer
convolutions of the thread of the bolt are distorted as a pressed-down or indented
convolution of the thread of a nut is screwed up thereon, but the distortion shews
chiefly at the point up to which a pressed-down or indented convolution of the
thread of the nut is screwed, as the remaining outer convolutions of the thread of
the bolt have been equally distorted throughout and shew therefor to a regular
i

page_text: pitch together, although out of true pitch with the remaining convolutions of the
thread, and also altered in shape therefrom.
The nut with the pressed-down or indented convolutions of the thread is thus
securely locked upon the bolt and prevented from becoming unscrewed by any
jarring action to which it may be subjected.
The effect is of course the same whether the nut is screwed up upon the bolt, or
the bolt screwed up within the nut.
One or more of the convolutions of the thread of a nut may of course be pressed
down or indented in any convenient manner, otherwise than simply by the fullered
tool referred to, and the convolution or convolutions may be pressed down or
indented in one only or more places around the circumference, as desired.
Figure 4 is a corresponding section to figure 1, and figure 5 a corresponding view
to figure 2. In these two figures however d is a projection or lump formed upon
the nut blank. After the nut has been screwed in the ordinary manner this
projection d is hammered or pressed down, as shewn at figure 6, thus pressing down
for indenting the outer convolutions of the thread of the nut, with the same effect
ns in the other cases of pressing down or indenting the convolution or convolutions
of the thread. One only of these projections d or more may be employed, as
desired (but one is sufficient), or a projection may be formed around the entire
circumference of the edge of the hole through the nut at the outer face thereof,
when forming the nut blank, and this projection be hammered or pressed down so
as to press down or indent the convolution or convolutions of the thread next to
the outer face of the nut. The modification illustrated by figures 4, 5 and 6 is the
one which we prefer to adopt in carrying out our invention.
i
It is preferred to press down the projection or projections or to form the
indentation or indentations at the outer face of a nut by means of an ordinary
press, of such a character, for instance, as is employed for punching or cutting out,
but with suitable press tools; as will be readily understood.
In this specification the expressions, "pressed down," "press down," and "pressing
down," in relation to á convolution or convolutions of a thread, refer to the distortion
of such convolution or convolutions in a direction parallel, or approximately so,
with the axis around which such thread convolutes, whether such distortion has
been or is produced by actual pressing down or in any analogous manner.
It will be seen that our improved nuts are self-locking quite independently of
any special attention on the part of the person whose duty it may be to screw them
upon their bolts (or corresponding parts) as there are no loose or extra parts
thereto to be fixed or placed in position.
The invention is, of course, applicable also, as will be readily understood, in the
case of deck plates, of a certain description of fish plates, and various other articles
which have a hole or holes therethrough screwed to receive a screwed bolt or bolts
or other part or parts having a male or external screw thread thereon.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is
1. Self-locking nuts and other articles which have an internal screw thread
therein, the locking device, thereof being formed so as to distort a convolution or
convolutions of the thread upon the screw bolt (or analogous part) as the same pass
through the convolution or convolutions of the thread adjacent to the outer end of
the nut or other article having an internal thread as such nut or article is screwed
up thereon or as such bolt or analogous part is screwed within the nut or article,
:the distortion of such convolution or convolutions being in effect the forcing of
them out of true pitch or gauge with the remaining convolutions of the same thread,
.substantially as set forth.
111
2. Self-locking nuts and other articles which have internal screw threads therein,
the locking device thereof being formed by pressing down or indenting, one or more
of the convolutions of such thread of each nut or other article having an internal
screw thread so that the same shall distort one or more of the convolutions of the

page_text: .
thread of the bolt or analogous article upon which it is screwed or which is screwed
into it, by forcing one or more of such last mentioned convolutions out of true
pitch or gauge with the remaining convolutions of the thread upon the bolt or
analogous article, substantially as herein described.
3. Self-locking nuts (and other articles having an internal screw thread therein)
the locking device of which is formed by compressing (either by direct pressure or
impact) a projection or lump (or projections or lumps) on the outer face thereof,
substantially as herein described and shewn by figures 4, 5, and 6.
4. Nuts and other articles having, or intended to have, an internal screw thread
therein, formed with a projection or projections d at their outer face so that such
projection or projections may be afterwards compressed to press down or indent one
or more of the convolutions of the thread through such nut or other article,
substantially as and for the purpose herein described and illustrated by figures 4
and 5 of the accompanying drawings.
5. Self-locking nuts (and other articles having an internal screw thread therein)
the locking device of which is formed by denting in the outer face thereof,
substantially as and for the purpose herein described and shewn by figures 1 and 2.
Daten uns Ih day of February 1005.
J. C. MEWBURN,
Agent for Stephen Watkins,
Wolverhampton,
Agent for the Applicants.