matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FLOUR."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Render at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd December 1876.
FREDERICK RENDER, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Miller.
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FLOUR."
"IM-
My Invention relates to a method of drying flour, whereby I am enabled to
effect that object without submitting it to an amount of heat which would injure
its quality, and for this purpose I effect the said operation in a vessel from which
the air is wholly or partly exhausted.
In carrying out my Invention I propose to place the flour in a vessel mounted
upon hollow axes, through one of which the air may be exhausted by means of
a pump or other ordinary apparatus, the said air pipe being turned up above the
level of the flour. The other hollow axis is connected to a steam pipe which coils
around the vessel and imparts the required amount of heat by radiation. The
vessel being now turned the flour is kept in agitation and dried at a low tem-
perature.
Instead of the coiled pipe other radiating heating surfaces may be employed.
A NEW OR IMPROVED INSTRUMENT FOR OPENING SHEET METAL CASES, CANS, BOXES, AND OTHER VESSELS CONTAINING PRESERVED FISH, MEAT, OR OTHER ARTICLES OF FOOD, AND FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Maschwitz at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 27th October 1876. A communication from
abroad by Messieurs Meyer and Geiger, of New York, in the United States of
America, Merchants.
CHARLES MASCHWITZ, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Merchant.
"A NEW OR IMPROVED INSTRUMENT FOR OPENING SHEET METAL CASES, CANS,
BOXES, AND OTHER VESSELS CONTAINING PRESERVED FISH, MEAT, OR OTHER ARTICLES
OF FOOD, AND FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES."
The said Invention consists of the new or improved instrument constructed as
hercin-after described for opening sheet metal cases, cans, boxes, and other vessels
containing preserved fish, meat, or other articles of food, and for other like
purposes.
By the use of the said instrument a disc or a portion of a disc may be readily
cut from the head, lid, cover, or other part of the case, can, or box for the purpose
of opening the same, and the said instrument may be adjusted at pleasure so as
to enable it to cut openings of the required size in the case, can, or box to be opened.
The said instrument consists essentially of a handle having at its head or inner
end a bar flat on its under side and semicircular or angular on its upper side. At
the under side of the said bar and at the extreme end thereof a pointed hook or
bent spike is situated; this hook constitutes the fulcrum or centre of motion of the
instrument when in use, as herein-after explained. On the said bar a sliding saddle
piece works, the said saddle piece carrying on its under side a pointed cutter. By
means of the said saddle piece the cutter may be adjusted on the bar at any required
distance from the hook or fulcrum at the extreme end of the said bar. The saddle
piece carrying the cutter may be fixed in its adjusted position on the bar, either by
a small lever jointed to the said saddle piece and having an eccentric heel or short
arm which bears against the back of the bar, or by a wedge inserted between the
saddle piece and the back of the bar, or by a screw binding the saddle piece to
the bar.
In using the instrument the saddle piece carrying the cutter is adjusted and fixed
on the bar nearer to or further from the hooked or fulcrum end of the bar, according
as a large or small opening is to be cut in the case, can, or box. By means of the
pointed end of the hook a hole is pierced in the middle or other part of the lid,
cover, or end of the case, can, or box, and the hook is passed through the said hole

page_text: and made to bear against the under side of the lid, cover, or end; the said hook
constituting a fulcrum or centre on which the instrument may move. By now
pressing the bar of the instrument against the lid, cover, or end to be opened and
moving the handle through a circle or part of a circle upon its hook or fulcrum, a
disc or portion of a dise is cut from the lid, cover, or end of the case, can, or box, by
the operation of the pointed cutter.
IMPROVED COMBINED HEALD SPRINGS FOR WEAVING FANCY WORK OF EVERY DESCRIPTION
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Shorrock at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 13th March 1876.
WILLIAM SHORROCK, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster, Overlooker, and
JOHN LEWIS, of the same Place, Engineer and Patent Agent. "IMPROVED COMBINED
HEALD SPRINGS FOR WEAVING FANCY WORK OF EVERY DESCRIPTION."
The springs now in use for bringing down the healds in fancy looms are spiral or
spring box for stave work, and for border work, india-rubber, or similar material,
both of which are expensive and liable to get out of order. This Invention is
inexpensive and cannot get out of order, and consists of a bracket board secured to
cach cross rail as in the others. We secure to these boards as many wire springs as
there are staves of the following shape-Two sides of a triangle with two or more
ring coils in the extreme corner is made of steel wire of spring temper, the upper
side of which is attached to the under side of bracket boards, the other side of such
triangle hangs or is suspended downwards, to the extreme end of which is looped or
otherwise connected another wire, which is brought up through the bracket board
to the upper side, the outer or upper end of which is again looped, this upper looped
end of wire is now resting on the upper side of the bracket board thus forming as
near as may be a triangle. The twine or string from each end of the heald is now
connected to the loops resting on the board. When the heald goes up the lower
side of the two side of triangle spring gives to the vertical or nearly vertical wire
connected at its outer extreme end, when lifted forms through the ring coils at the
corner near the board. One of the most excellent springs for the purpose ever formed.
We do not confine ourselves to the number of coils of ring nor shape of such, as we
shall be compelled to alter shape and coils to circumstances in accordance with our
requirements.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO THE FOOT STEPS OF THE SPINDLES EMPLOYED IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING, DOUBLING, OR TWISTING FIBROUS MATERIAL
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Gledhill at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd December 1876.
JAMES GLEDHILL, of Staley Bridge, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN OR APPLICABLE TO THE FOOT STEPS OF THE SPINDLES EMPLOYED IN MACHINERY
FOR SPINNING, DOUBLING, OR TWISTING FIBROUS MATERIAL."
The object of this Invention is the construction of an improved description of
foot stop, whereby the foot of each spindle of such machinery shall be fully pro-
tected from dust and at the same time be more efficiently and economically
lubricated than is practicable at present. Now this Invention consists in forming
a foot step with a short length of tubing screwed into it or otherwise, so as to
project upwards a sufficient distance to contain a quantity of lubricating material
sufficient to last several weeks, this tubing or receptacle being covered by a loose
cover capable of sliding upon the spindle so as to be raised up when required for
filling the receptacle and of closing down upon the open top of such receptacle so
as to prevent all dust or dirt obtaining access to the foot of the spindle. It will be
readily apparent that this improved description of foot step is applicable to new or
existing spindle machinery.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOBBINS . AND REELS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Kennedy Martin at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th January 1876.
JAMES KENNEDY MARTIN, of Hopefield Mill, Bathgate, in the County of
Linlithgowshire, North Britain. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOBBINS .
AND REELS."
This Iuvention for the manufacture of bobbins and reels has for its object
greater economy and durability as compared with wooden bobbins now in use,
and which are so liable to crack and rend more especially when used in hot
climates.
According to this Invention it is proposed to construct bobbins and reels from a
homogeneous mass of vegetable fibres, resinous and gelatinous substances, size and
alum, the whole being pressed into a perforated mould of the required pattern to
consolidate the mass and drive out the moisture. By this mode of manufacture
a finished bobbin or reel not subject to fracture is obtained without further
manipulation.
The vegetable fibres which have been found to give good results are cotton and
linen rags, jute cuttings, and flax waste. To these there is added about 10 per
cent. of rosin or tragacanthe, about 6 per cent. of alum, and about 7 per cent. of fine
wheat flour as a size. These ingredients are to be well beaten together in a
beater engine enclosed in a steam jacket to keep it hot until the whole forms a
homogeneous mass. This mass when reduced to a proper consistency is to be
introduced into heated perforated moulds, and subjected to hydraulic or other
powerful pressure, thereby consolidating the compound and forming at one operation
a solid and compact bobbin or reel. The moulds should of course be made in
halves so as to be capable of being opened for the ready removal of the finished
bobbin.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES FOR STEAM BOILERS, AND OTHER PURPOSES."
Year: 1876

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Arthur Wilson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th October 1876.
RICHARD ARTHUR WILSON, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Mill Furnisher.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES FOR STEAM BOILERS, AND OTHER PURPOSES."
My Invention consists in an improved arrangement of machinery and apparatus
for supplying fuel to furnaces, also in an improved grate bar.
The feeding apparatus consists of a pair of crushing rollers or other equivalent
to reduce the fuel into small pieces, and to discharge it into a box from which it is
raised by a chain of buckets or other equivalent, and delivered into a trough placed
above the hoppers of the furnaces. In this trough works an endless chain of
scrapers which carry the fuel forward and deposit it into the hoppers, from whence
it is distributed on to the fires by revolving fans, which are driven by friction
discs fixed on a line of shafts placed behind the hoppers. Each disc drives two
pulleys fixed on the upright shafts of the fans, or one upright shaft may be driven
by friction from the line shaft or by bevel gearing, and the other by toothed wheels
on the edges of the fans or otherwise.
The improved grate bar consists of a stationary frame, to which two sets of
movable grids are hinged; these grids are moved up and down alternately by
eccentrics or cams acting on rods jointed to arms on the grids. When the one set
of grids is raised the fuel slides down the inclines on to the other grids, which are
then stationary, and when the first set of grids assumes a horizontal position the
other set is raised to carry forward the fuel. By this means the fuel is taken from
the front of the furnace to the bridge.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William John Jewitt at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th November 1876.
WILLIAM JOHN JEWITT, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster. " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM ENGINES."
This Invention relates,-
.
Firstly. To the employment, application, or use of what are known as "disc
valves" in place of the slide valves for admitting the steam alternately to each end
of the cylinder, and for opening and closing the exhaust passage.
And, Secondly. To the construction and arrangement of various parts of the
steam engine consequent upon the employment of such valves.
The steam ports upon the cylinder facings are made in a radial form (say, six to
each passage); in the centre of these is the steam passage. The valves are each
made with six pockets to form a communication between the steam ports and the
steam passage in the centre, and six radial openings to form communication from
the valve box to the steam ports. The steam is thus admitted to the inside of the
valves, and the exhaust passage leads from the back of the valve box; if preferred,
this arrangement may be reversed. The valve spindles are mounted perpendicularly
to the centre of the cylinder. Their external ends fit in stuffing boxes and run in
oil, the valves being held against their facings by means of the steam acting against
a small piston, the end of whose rod acts as a plunger and communicates an
equivalent pressure to the oil, which transmits the said pressure to the end of the
valve rod, and thus the pressure of steam inside and outside the valves is balanced.
A slight alternate circular motion is given to the valve rods by the following
means: Upon the crank shaft is a mitre wheel gearing with a similar wheel keyed
at one end of a line shaft running parallel with the centre line of the cylinder. At
or near the other end of this shaft are mounted (on feathers or long keys) two
sleeves or bosses, each of which carries two studs fixed at right angles to the axis of
the shaft and upon opposite sides of its centre so that the sleeves revolve with the
shaft but can slide longitudinally thereon. On these studs are small conical rollers
or bowls running against the faces of discs which are provided with suitable circular
inclined surfaces. It will be evident that as these conical rollers or bowls roll over
the inclined surfaces on the discs the bosses or sleeves will be moved longitudinally
5 Davion 931

page_text: upon the line shaft. The bosses or sleeves are embraced by forked levers keyed on
to the valve spindles, and by these means as the sleeves slide to and fro the requisite
alternate circular motion is given to the valves.
The discs carrying the inclined planes for cutting off the steam are not fixtures
but can be set sooner or later by means of worm gearing connected with the
governor.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS FOR BURNING OILS FOR ILLUMI- NATING PURPOSES.
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Wulferode at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th February 1876.
WILLIAM WULFERODE, of Fawcett Street, Kensington, in the County of Middle-
sex, Commission Agent.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS FOR BURNING OILS FOR ILLUMI-
NATING PURPOSES.'
My Invention relates more particularly to that class of lamps in which volatilo
oils such as liquid hydrocarbons are burned, and which liquids are liable to ignite
and burn furiously when brought into contact with a naked flame, one of the main
objects of the Invention being that lamps for burning highly combustible liquids
shall be safe, and that in case of a lamp being accidentally overturned the light shall
bo extinguished before the combustible liquid can escape.
Another object of the Invention is to maintain a constant pressure on the
combustible liquid so as to force it up to the burner or to the point of ignition.
In carrying out my Invention the burner may be of any of the ordinary con-
structions suitable for burning the liquid intended to be consumed, but the body of
the lamp is to be divided into two compartiments, one placed within the other, but
communicating at bottom by holes or openings made in the walls of the inner
compartment which is intended to receive the combustible liquid, while the outer
compartment which surrounds it is to be supplied with water. By this means the
combustible liquid is kept cool.
A small
In order to charge the lamp with liquid the burner must be removed by un-
screwing the same. An aperture in the upper part of the outer compartment must
also be opened by removing the screw stopper which closes the same.
quantity of water must then be poured into the outer compartment until the holes
communicating with the inner compartment are completely covered. The inner
compartment may then be charged with the combustible liquid, and the burner
replaced, after which the outer compartment must be filled with water and the
aperture then closed. The effect of this will be that the water in the outer com-
partment will press on the combustible liquid in the inner compartment and will
force it up a tube to the burner. A space communicating with the top of the
water chamber surrounds this supply tube, so that should the lamp be accidentally
overturned the water from the chamber below will pass up this space to the burner
rn .611

page_text: and will extinguish the flame before any of the combustible liquid can escape, thus
there cannot be any ignition of the latter, and therefore this improved lamp may
with justice be styled a "safety lamp."
I would observe that benzoline, petroleum, colza, or any other oil or combustible
liquid can be burned in these lamps, as the hydrostatic pressure of the water will
always keep the combustible liquid up to the wick.
MENTS IN ROLLER SKATES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Howitt at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 18th September 1876.
WILLIAM HOWITT, of Ilford, in the County of Essex, Engineer.
MENTS IN ROLLER SKATES."
" IMPROVE-
The
In constructing roller skates in accordance with the first part of my improve-
ments, I connect the axes of the rollers to the foot plate by means of forked arms
formed with eyes or bearings through which the axes of the rollers pass.
upper end of each of the forked arms which support the rollers is connected by a
pin or axis (upon which the forked arms can rock) to studs, one to each pair of
rollers, such studs being capable of rotation in a plate or socket which secures them
to the foot plate of the skate.
By this means the axes of the rollers are connected to the underside of the
foot plate by universal joints, upon which they move in any required direction.
Horizontal arms on each of the axes of the rollers pass into circular eyes or
sockets formed in the lower ends of vertical arms connected to the underside of the
foot plate, a circular plate formed in the upper ends of such arms being capable of
rotation on a plate which connects them to the underside of the foot plate.
Lever arms project horizontally from the lower ends of the vertical arms before
referred to, and these lever arms are connected by the ends of a coiled spring
which at all times acts to restore the two pairs of rollers to their normal position,
or in a direct line with the foot plate, after being caused to diverge therefrom.
The diverging movement of the axes and rollers is arrested by fixed pins or studs
on the underside of the foot plate acting against the ends of slots on the circular
plates of the semi-rotating vertical arms.
According to the second part of my improvements each of the axes of the rollers
are carried by an arm mounted and fixed at an angle thereon, the upper end of the
arm being bolted to a plate fixed at right angles thereto, and forming part of a
bracket fixed to the underside of the foot plate.
The angular arm of each pair of rollers is arranged to partially rotate around a
fixed axis, and carries a bent plate at its upper end, the bent surface of which, as
the rollers diverge by rocking the foot plate, compresses a piece of india-rubber
between it and a bent down portion of the plate forming the fixed bracket, the
071

page_text: india-rubber acting to bring back the rollers to their normal position when the side
pressure on the foot plate is removed. A curved slot is formed in the bent plate,
through which a pin screwed into the fixed bracket passes, in order to limit the
diverging movement of the rollers in either direction.
In place of the bent plate or bracket previously described, the bracket may
be of cast metal, and the inclined axis upon which the rollers diverge may be
set a short distance from the line of the axis upon which the rollers revolve, by
which arrangement increased leverage is obtained for compressing the block of
india-rubber, which limits the movement of the rollers in each direction and brings
them back to their normal position again.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CUPOLA OR FOUNDRY FURNACES FOR THE MELTING AND PURIFYING OF IRON AND OTHER METALS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hugh Ford at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents on the 5th May 1876.
"
HUGH FORD, of Macclesfield, in the County of Chester.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF CUPOLA OR FOUNDRY FURNACES FOR THE MELTING AND
PURIFYING OF IRON AND OTHER METALS."
These improvements relate to those descriptions of cupola furnaces which are
divided into two chambers, the upper one constituting the melting place, and the
lower one the purifier. In accordance with this Invention the upper chamber
should be constructed of a taper form communicating by means of a taper tube
with the upper part of the lower chamber or purifier which is of dome shape.
The wind or blast is carried from the blower to the tuyeres through channels or
casings within the brickwork of the furnace, or secured to the outside of the iron
casing, or by an annular pipe running round but detached from the furnace, or by
separate pipes from the blower to cach tuyére, as may be found most convenient.
There are six tuyeres in the upper chamber, four entering horizontally at such an
angle as to give the air a circular motion round the melting place, and two per-
pendicularly, blowing downwards through the taper tube of the upper chamber into
the lower chamber, carrying or blowing off all slag or cinder floating on the melted
iron in the purifier through an orifice left for the purpose in the door or other con-
venient part of the purifier.
In this construction of cupola or foundry furnace great economy of fuel is ensured
with great speed in melting iron and other metals, and at the same time such
metals are rendered much cleaner and purer than if melted by any other system.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CLEARING AND CARTING MUD FROM ROADS
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Gilbert Smelt Knott, of Dulwich, in the County of Surrey,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CLEARING AND
CARTING MUD FROM ROADS."
Sealed the 12th May 1876, and dated the 24th February 1876.
PROVISIONAI, SPECIFICATION left by the said Gilbert Smelt Knott at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th February 1876.
GILBERT SMELT KNOTT, of Dulwich, in the County of Surrey. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR CLEARING AND CARTING MUD FROM ROADS."
My Invention has reference to an improved apparatus for clearing and carting
mud from roads, consisting mainly of an endless travelling band or chain of flat
buckets or scoops carried by a cart and stretched over three rollers, two of which
are in close contiguity to the surface of the road, while the third is situated over
the cart, so that the scoops in travelling over the rollers are made to scoop up the
mud from the road and to deliver it into the cart. The said endless chain of
buckets is by preference placed in a somewhat inclined position at the back of the
cart, and a scraper, with its edge formed of caoutchouc or bristles, extends from
behind the lower end of the chain buckets to some distance in advance on either
side thereof, the scraper being made to widen out towards its forward end, so that
as the cart is drawn along the scraper gathers in the mud from either side thereof
and causes it to collect at the point where the scoops or buckets are, thus facilitating
the filling of the latter; and it is preferred to place inside the scraper a revolving
brush which shall sweep the mud into the scoops as they pass in front of it. The
bearings of the lower rollers of the chain buckets are carried in the sides of the
scraper, and the ends of the latter are fixed to vertical bars carried on pivots on
each side of the cart with their upper ends extending beyond such pivots, and
provided with bearings for the upper roller of the chain buckets, so that when the
apparatus is not required to operate, the chain buckets, together with the scrapers,
can be turned out of the way by causing the said bars to turn on their pivots.
This may be effected by means of a screw spindle turned by a handle in front of
the cart and working in a nut on a transverse rod connecting the two upright bars.
The chain buckets are made to travel by imparting rotary motion in any convenient.
[Price 2d.]

page_text: known manner to the upper roller from the wheel of the cart, but by preference
I fix to the wheel a toothed ring in gear with a toothed wheel, carried by the
before-mentioned upright bars, the motion being imparted to the roller of the
endless buckets from the toothed wheel by means of an endless band and pullies.
The back of the cart is by preference closed with a sloping lid, hinged at the top,
and secured by catches at the sides and bottom, the catches being all secured to a
rod hinged to the cover, so that in opening the one catch the others will be opened
at the same time so as to let the mud flow out of the cart.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN DRESSING STONE AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Burt at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 28th September 1876.
"
PETER BURT, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain. IMPROVE-
MENTS IN DRESSING STONE AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED
THEREFOR."
This Invention, which relates to improvements in dressing stone, consists in
effecting the said operation by means of a series of cutting or dressing tools fixed in
tool holders extending parallel to the length of a shaft and formed or fixed at
intervals around the circumference thereof. The tools in alternate holders are
placed with their cutting points facing in opposite directions, under which arrange-
ment the operation of dressing the stone is continuous, both on the forward and
backward stroke of the table or platform on which the stone is carried. The axle of
the tool holding shaft projects at one or both sides through the framing of the
machine, and on or in the said projecting part or parts feathers or grooves are made.
On one or both of the projecting parts a boss provided with projecting spokes or
with a rim like a hand wheel is so situated as to be capable of sliding horizontally
on the feather or groove. The boss is formed rectangular or with other number of
sides which enter a correspondingly shaped recess made in the framing, or under
a modification it may simply have feathers or tongues made on it, these also
entering into recesses in the framing. By this arrangement, when the table or
platform carrying the stone is travelling in one direction, the tool holding shaft is
held stationary until the stone is at the end of its stroke; this being arrived at the
boss is pulled back out of the recess in the frame, and by turning the said boss
through a quadrant or other are another set of the cutting tools facing in a direction
opposite to those last in operation is brought into position to operate on the stone
whilst performing its return stroke.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Lawson Thackeray and Edward
Glover at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th June 1876.
JOHN LAWSON THACKERAY and EDWARD GLOVER, both of Radford, in the County
of Nottingham. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DOUBLING COTTON AND
OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS."
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for doubling cotton
and other fibrous materials. For this purpose we employ spindles, which are fixed
at their lower ends into a rail which has a rising and falling motion given to it to
distribute the thread upon the bobbin. The spindle passes up through the centre of
a pulley or whirl, which is carried by a fixed upper rail and is driven by a band
passing around it. The bobbin is supported upon a shoulder or flange on the
spindle, and rises and falls with it. There are two flier arms attached to a disc
forming the upper part of the pulley or whirl; they stand up on either side of the
bobbin, and the yarns to be doubled are passed through an eye at the upper end of
one of them. These eyes we form with sockets to screw on to the flier arms, so
that they can be changed when they become worn.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CONDENSERS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Thorpe and Henry Prince at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th December 1876.
CHARLES THORPE and HENRY PRINCE, of the City of Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, Engineers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN CONDENSERS."
This Invention though specially adapted to steam pumps, herein-after described,
and described and shewn as in connection therewith, they may be usefully and
economically applied to other purposes.
On the accompanying Sheet of Drawings Fig. 1 is a plan, part in section, shewing
the port holes f; and Fig. 2, a section of the condenser.
c is the suction or supply pipe leading from the well or other water supply to the
condenser; is a belt passing round the outside of the condenser; e is an india-
rubber washer or valve which covers the port holes f which open into the belt d;
y is the body of the condenser; h is the supply or suction pipe leading to the steam
pump; is the exhaust pipe leading from the steam cylinder to the condenser ; ; is
a valve which opens or closes the end of the exhaust pipe j; is a light coiled steel
spring which closes the valve and thus closes the exhaust pipe j, preventing the
water from being drawn into the steam cylinder when the steam pump is not in
motion; m is a grating which acts as a guide for and also prevents the india-rubber
washer or valve e from being drawn into the condenser.
When the steam pump put in motion the water flows in the direction of the
arrows through the supply pipe c, round the belt d, through the port holes f and
grating m in the direction of the arrows, and into the condenser g, and through the
the pipe to the steam pump.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF NEEDLES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Walker at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 15th July 1876.
HENRY WALKER, of Alcester, in the County of Warwick, and of Gresham St., in
the City of London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF NEEDLES."
My improvements in the manufacture of needles consist,-
Firstly. Of an improved mode or modes of making the eyes of needles in the soft
state.
Secondly. In an improved mode or modes of scouring needles..
In the ordinary mode of stamping needles that portion of the metal in front of
the eye is usually somewhat depressed by the action of the dies used to form the
shape of the head, but by my improvements in the manufacture of needles I first
stamp them in the ordinary manner between suitable dies, and afterwards press or
strike them between a second pair of suitable dies; this second blow is given at
right angles to the first blow, and the result is to raise the metal in front of the eye
on the sides of the eye next toward the point of the needle, and to leave the
opposite sides of the eye or those furthest from the points grooved as usual. The
blow or pressure called above the "second" I give first or second as I may fix con-
venient for the particular job in hand. In either case I produce a needle of such a
form that it reduces the labour of sewing considerably. The pressure between
suitable dies may be given by the ordinary stamps and presses, or by any convenient
machinery.
I proceed now to describe the second part of my improvements in the manu-
facture of needles. In the ordinary mode of scouring needles they sometimes
become heated by the friction against each other. By my improvements in the
manufacture of needles I construct either the runners or the runner benches partly
or entirely of metal, and I attach to portions of the metal used metallic tubular or
other shaped water vessels, in which I place water or any other fluid to take up or
absorb the superabundant heat, and the quantity of water or other fluid used of a
given temperature will correspond with the amount of heat abstracted, so that with
a quick or moderately quick action, more or less water being used, the temperature
may be kept down to any desired point.
By another improvement I also avoid the use of the ordinary runners and runner
benches, and adjust the packets of needles each with its separate pressure, and

page_text: arrange them for reciprocating, circular, or compound motion on a plain surface or
on a curved surface, such as a circle, or part of a circlo; by these means I remove.
or replace any one packet without disturbing another. I attach to this arrange-
ment the same means of keeping the needles cool as before described, making only
the necessary changes for the difference of forms to which to apply the tubular or
other vessels.
IMPROVEMENTS IN EMBOSSING, PERFORATING, FOLDING, GOFFERING, AND PLAITING FABRICS, AND IN MACHINERY FOR PRODUCING THE SAME
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hesketh Hughes at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 16th May 1876.
HESKETH HUGHES, of Brooksby Walk, Homerton, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN EMBOSSING, PERFORATING, FOLDING, GOFFERING,
AND PLAITING FABRICS, AND IN MACHINERY FOR PRODUCING THE SAME."
〃
This Invention relates to improvements in embossing, perforating, folding, goffering,
and plaiting fabrics, and in machinery for producing the same, and is carried into
effect thus
I stamp or otherwise prepare a fabric into a kind of latticework or skeleton and
then gum or otherwise temporarily attach it to the back of, say silk, satin, or the
like. I then sew the two fabrics together and pass them as one through crimping
or other rolls or apparatus to produce an impression of the under fabric upon the
upper one, and also to produce a facsimile of the rolls or other apparatus upon
the surface of the upper fabric. The spaces between the latticework of the under
fabric give a kind of hollow and also a kind of looseness to the parts of the upper
fabric, whereby a series of puffs can be formed by an Italian iron or other article.
The article so produced in lengths can be cut up and made into articles of clothing
or for other purposes.
The materials used for the purposes of my Invention I intend principally to be of
a washable character, the design of the under fabric being preserved upon the upper
one in consequence of the sewing.
The parts of the upper fabric which are to come between the latticework of the
lower fabric may be operated upon by any suitable device or design giving apparatus,
which device or design would in most cases be retained upon the upper fabric after
the operation of sewing, thus if the fabric be of a non-washable character the double
design or device would be upon the surface, or the intermediate portions of the upper
fabric may be deviced after the sewing.
The improvements in machinery consist of the formation of parts and their
arrangement to produce the embossing and other operations by means of endless
hands

page_text: I take a strip of steel and perforate it to form links in one or more pieces which
will hinge together when bent that they form cutting out dies or perforators for the
fabrics. The links made into a band can by a slight alteration in their shape bo
made applicable for driving machinery, the formation or holding together of shutters
or other purposes for which they can be made available.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PENDULUMS FOR TIME KEEPING APPARATUS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Oppenheimer at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th October 1876.
JOSEPH OPPENHEIMER, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Merchant.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PENDULUMS FOR TIME KEEPING APPARATUS."
65
My Invention relates to those pendulums which are commonly called com-
pensating, the object being to keep the vibrations equal under changes of tem-
perature; and the main feature of my said Invention consists in causing a lateral
expansion or contraction to counteract similar variations in a longitudinal direction.
Thus I cause the bob" to be capable of sliding upward or downward, and I
connect it to the upper end of the pendulum by means of two pairs of links, the
centres of which are kept apart by a lateral rod which may be adjustable. Under
variations of temperature this rod will expand or contract, in the former case forcing
apart the links and drawing upward the bottom of the pendulum, and in the latter
lowering it.
The aforesaid arrangement may be replaced by a series of compensating cross
bars or links, or by similar apparatus, which will act laterally by expansion and
contraction.
Instead of the pendulum being suspended at top it may vibrate like a balance
wheel of a watch or chronometer, and may be formed as a jointed circle or with
angular sides.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER SKATES
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Hall and William Hall, both of Wilford Street, in
the Town and County of the Town of Nottingham, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER SKATES."
Scaled the 26th May 1876, and dated the 1st April 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Hall and William Hall
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st April 1876.
JOHN HALL and WILLIAM HALL, both of Wilford Street, in the Town and County
of the Town of Nottingham.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER SKATES."
"
The object of the Invention is to afford increased facilities in the use of roller
skates, so that circular or curved motions may be more readily obtained and in
variable degrees, depending on the skill or disposition of the skater.
B
Incarrying our Invention into effect the axis of each of the pairs of supporting
rollers or wheels is formed at the upper part of its central portion spherical, to rest
in a correspondingly cup shaped bearing, and from each of these spheres rises a stem
to control the motion of its axle, by the portion of each bearing above the cup being
inclined or bell shaped sideways or transversely to admit of the stems and their
axles taking transverse angular positions, whilst they are controlled to preserve
vertical positions in a longitudinal direction. Each of these stems is also formed
with a vertical slotted or other suitable opening in the longitudinal direction or the
direction of the length of the skate. Through these slotted or other openings passes
a plate, or it may be other suitably formed spring, the ends of which are received
into and held by suitable brackets, and these brackets with the ends of the springs
are embraced by socket pieces, and each socket piece carries a pair of smaller rollers,
one pair for the toe and the other pair for the heel of the skate, to prevent injury
[Prine d

page_text: to the surface being skated upon from careless or accidental tilting of the skate, so
as to bring the toe or heel of the sole in contact with such surface.
By varying the position or strength of the spring connecting the vertical stems of
the respective bearing axles the extent of rocking of the skate under given pressure
or exertion will be varied.
Springs are applied under each axle of the bearing wheels to aid in keeping the
spherical surfaces in their cups.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ROLLER SKATES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Howard Mesnard, William
Sankey, and Frank Wilson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on
the 24th May 1876.
GEORGE HOWARD MESNARD, WILLIAM SANKEY, and FRANK WILSON, of South
Lambeth Road, in the County of Surrey. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION
OF ROLLER SKATES."
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the construction of roller
skates whereby curves and other motions can be effected with more facility and
rapidity than heretofore.
The following is the manner we propose to construct roller skates according to
our said Invention :-At each end and under the stock or foot stand of the skate
we place two vertical rollers held in position by fixed brackets. These rollers may
be made of any suitable material or shape, but we prefer making them with
curved peripheries. In the center of the stock or foot stand aforesaid and
between the vertical rollers we place a horizontal wheel or roller in such a manner
that it shall stand at a certain distance from the floor when the skate is horizontal
and when the skater wishes to go in a straight line, but when it is desired to
make curves or other motions the operator inclines his foot or feet on one side,
thereby bringing the horizontal wheel or roller aforesaid in contact with the floor.
The combined action of the horizontal wheel and one of the vertical rollers above
described will cause the skate to describe curves or other motions, which will be
found to be effected with more ease and in a smaller radius than with the roller
skates now generally in use. Suitable leather straps are fixed to the stocks or
foot stands in order to secure the skates to the foot of the skater.
METHOD OF CALLENDERING, GLAZING, OR SURFACE COLOURING PAPER OR OTHER GOODS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Ibbotson at the Office of the
Cominissioners of Patents on the 16th September 1876.
WALTER IBBOTSON, of Queen Street, Salford, and of Cartmel, both in the County
"A NEW OR IMPROVED
of Lancaster, also of Belfast, in the County of Antrim.
METHOD OF CALLENDERING, GLAZING, OR SURFACE COLOURING PAPER OR OTHER
GOODS."
I apply wax or other materials such as lac, glue, size, and such like, to the
surface of the paper in various ways, according to the required finish or the different
goods to be operated on; I place in a convenient position the materials I use, so
that when the paper is passing from the reel to the callender bowls, it comes in
contact with laid materials, more or less of which (as may be desired) adheres to
the surface of the paper, and is fixed and spread by either the pressure or heat used
in callendering, or by both pressure and heat combined, which gives the goods an
improved finish and causes the goods to pass more freely through the callender, and
thereby a saving in motive power.
Another means I employ is to deposit the materials I use on the face of one of
the callender bowls from which it is taken on to the surface of the paper. The
materials I use are varied according to the finish or colour required, and are some-
times applied in a solid or dense condition or form, and at other times I am able to
apply them in a liquid or semi-liquid form, and at pleasure I mix with the laid
materials colouring matter or dyes so as to impart to the surface of the paper such
colours I desire.
I also use an arrangement by which the quantity of the materials deposited on
the surface of the paper is regulated, and can be altered whilst the process is going
on, which is effected by a brack rotating at the back of the paper, or a roller and
doctors if necessary to take off surplus and regulate supply.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SKATING RINKS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Watts at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 25th March 1876.
JAMES WATTS, of the St. James' Hall Skating Rink, Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SKATING RINKS."
The great desideratum for the floor of a skating rink is to have a surface of the
greatest evenness, and which if possible may at the same time have a certain
amount of elasticity and spring. Artificial ice has been successfully tried, but it
is found to be very expensive to keep it in a perpetually freezing state. Asphalte
bas no clasticity, and is besides objectionable on account of the dust and dirt it
generates.
My improvements relate to a means of so laying the floors of skating rinks that
whilst they may have the elasticity of the ice they can be laid at much less cost,
and be permanent, and be also free from the dust and dirt of asphalte floors.
My Invention consists then substantially in first laying the floor with vulcanite,
india-rubber, cork, or some substance of an equally elastic nature. Upon this I lay
oil or floor cloth or kamptulicon (or in some cases carpet or drugget), and lastly
upon this I place malleable or toughened glass, and by this combination of sub-
stances I acquire elasticity or spring together with a perfectly even or level surface
entirely free from dirt or dust.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BICYCLE BRAKES.
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Dickio McCandlish at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd December 1876.
RICHARD DICKIE MCCANDLISII, of Ferrestone Lodge, Hornsey, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN BICYCLE BRAKES.'
"
The means by which I carry this into effect is by working the brake on back
wheel by the use of a steel, copper, or other metal wire chain or ribbon, one end of
which is attached to the lever of the roller or spoon and the other end to a ratchet
wheel fixed to a prolongation of the backbone or to the front part of the saddle
spring of the bicycle, the said wheel being moved on its axis by means of a lever
projecting in front of the vertical arm of the machine. A second brake is also
attached to the ratchet wheel and worked as an eccentric in case the brake on the
back wheel is not sufficient. By means of the ratchet wheel and a click or ratchet
working into its teeth, I propose to maintain the pressure of both brakes during
pleasure, and when necessary to release this pressure I have a second lever behind
the one which turns the ratchet wheel (in order to tighten the brakes), upon pressing
which towards the other the click is thrown out of gear and the brake power thus
removed.
I also propose in some cases as being more suitable for certain bicycles to attach
the front end of the above-mentioned wire, chain or ribbon to a small ratchet wheel
fastened to or forming part of the axle of the handle or steering gear to be worked
by a click as in the case above, the said click being thrown out of gear by a small
lever thus disengaging the brake power, and in this case the second or auxiliary
brake on the large wheel being either roller or spoon shaped will be worked also by
a wire or the like attached to a lever at one end and to the ratchet wheel in the
handle at the other end, and thus as before the turning of the handle will work both
brakes and the click keep them in action until the rider wishes to release them. In
both cases I shall either pass the wire chain or ribbon through the backbone, which
is hollow as a rule, or I shall bring it up outside through eyes fastened to backbone.
By these means I secure a strong reliable brake on the small wheel which is the
safest to brake by, but in case of emergency and to prevent the necessity of skidding
the wheels entirely the second brake comes into play as an auxiliary so as to render
the braking effect more certain than in any construction hitherto used for the
purpose.