Improvements in Apparatus for Dyeing and otherwise Treating Yarns.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd July, 1894
Complete Specification Left, 20th Apr., 1895-Accepted. 24th May, 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Dyeing and otherwise Treating
Yarns.
FREDERICK BARRACLOUGH, of Yeadon near Leeds, in the County of York,
Woollen Manufacturer, do hereby declare 'the nature of this invention to be a's
follows:-
This invention relates to apparatus for dyeing, scouring, bleaching, steaming,
and otherwise treating all kinds of yarn; the said yarn being mounted or wound
upon hollow perforated tubes, spindles, skewers or bobbins closed at oneдend, and
open at the other, and the dyeing or other treatment being effected by 'forcing or
drawing suitable liquors, steam, air, or gases through the yarn by way of the said
perforated tubes.
The object of my invention is to construct a simpler and more effective apparatus
for the above purpose than has hitherto been used.
In carrying out my invention, I construct two strong closed reservoirs of any
suitable material and of any convenient size-and shape; 'the two reservoirs, being
equal and alike in all essential 'features.
I also construct of any suitable material and of any convenient shape, a treating
tank with an air-tight removable cover; the treating tank being smaller in size
than either of the reservoirs.
I also provide a delivery pipe leading from the bottom of one reservoir to the
lower part of the treating tank; also another delivery pipe leading from the bottom
of the other reservoir to the upper part of the treating tank. In all cases except
one, which will be hereinafter described, I place no cocks or valves in these
delivery pipes.
I also provide an air-pipe leading 'from the top of one reservoir to the lower part
of the treating tank; also another air-pipe leading from the top of the other
reservoir to the upper part of the treating tank. Each of these air-pipes. I
provide with a cock or valve.
Instead of having independent communication with the treating tank, these
air-pipes may be arranged as branches. from the corresponding delivery pipes.
I also provide a steam boiler, injector, ejector, air pump, blower or other well-
known appliance, with communicating pipes and cocks or valves, for producing
pressure or suction in one or other of the reservoirs as required. An air-vessel or
a reducing valve may be interposed between any of these appliances and the
reservoirs according to circumstances, in order to insure a suitable and steady
pressure or suction; and in the case of steam a steam trap may be interposed.
One pressure or suction producing appliance may serve for both reservoirs or
even for several pairs of reservoirs; or on the other hand a separate appliance may
be used for each reservoir. More than one of these appliances may be connected
to each reservoir so that, for example, pressure and suction may be produced
alternately in the same reservoir.
'I provide each reservoir with the following fittings, viz. :-
(1.) An escape valve or cock at the top of the reservoir, by opening which the
pressure or vacuum in the reservoir may be destroyed when desired. But this
valve is not necessary when using a separate injector or ejector in connection with
each reservoir as the means of producing the required pressure or suction, for

page_text: there is a free passage for air or steam through the said appliance itself when it is
not in operation.
Or, as an alternative, the escape valve may be omitted, and a three-way cock or
valve is placed in the pipe which supplies pressure or suction to the reservoir; the
valve being so arranged that when set open in one position it connects the
reservoir with the suction or pressure producing appliance, in another position it
connects the reservoir with the open air, and in another position it is completely
closed.
(2.) An inlet pipe and valve or other known feeding arrangement through
which liquids may be introduced into the reservoir before and during the dyeing
or other process. A filter is preferably placed above this inlet.
(3.) A valve or cock at the bottom, by which the reservoir may be emptied when
the dyeing or other process is ended, and by which a small quantity of liquor may
be drawn off from time to time as required during the operations.
(4.) A steam coil or similar arrangement for communicating heat to the contents
of the reservoir without increasing their volume; or else a perforated pipe supplying
heat by means of direct steam. Or both methods of heating may be applied to
one and the same reservoir.
(5.) A glass guage for showing the height of the liquid in the reservoir at any
time.
(6.) A manhole and lid, or other means of obtaining access to the interior of
the reservoir for cleaning and other
purposes.
1-1 '(7.) In some cases, a safety valve adjusted to blow off at the maximum pressure
intended to be used in the reservoir.
(8.) In some cases, a pressure or vacuum guage, or both.
The treating tank I place with its bottom at a slightly higher level than the tops
of the reservoirs. I construct it with a closely fitting cover which when unfastened
may be easily pushed up out of the operator's way, on account of being suspended
from a rope passing over a pulley and carrying a balance weight at the other end.
Across the lower part of the tank fit with an air-tight joint a horizontal
partition provided with holes into which the open ends of the perforated tubes or
Spindles bearing the yarn may be inserted or I screw nipples into the holes, and
fit the tubes on the nipples. (This partition may be either fixed or removable.
When removable, two or more partitions may be placed above each other.)" Thus
liquids or gases can only pass from the upper to the lower side of the partition,
or vice versa, by passing through the yarn which is mounted or wound upon the
perforated tubes. As an alternative, I substitute a removable horizontal hollow
plate, perforated for the tubes or nipples upon its upper side and provided with
a hole or socket on its under side, instead of the perforated partition above-
mentioned.
+1
=
.-
The socket on the under side of the hollow plate fits bermetically on the mouth
of the delivery pipe leading from one of the reservoirs to the bottom of the
treating tank so that any liquids or gases passing through that delivery pipe in
either direction must necessarily also pass through the hollow plate, the perforated
tubes, and the yarn. The hollow plate does not fit closely to the side of the tank
nor make a tight joint with it. (Two or more of these hollow plates may be placed
one above the other, and connected to each other by short pipes.)
1
a
The point at which the upper delivery pipe enters the treating tank may be
varied considerably, provided always that it is so, placed relatively to the lower
delivery pipe that liquids or gases passing from one to the other are obliged to
pass through the yarn upon the perforated tubes. In other words, one delivery
pipe must communicate with the insides of the tubes of yarn, and the other must
communicate with the outsides of the same.
"The upper delivery, pipe may advantageously be made branched and enter the
treating tank at several points, so as to distribute the flow of the reagents; or it
may end in a rose or a perforated ring, or other means of attaining the same end.
The same remark applies to the upper air-pipe already described: and also to the

page_text: lower delivery and air pipes when used in connection with the partition in the
treating tank.
I connect with the treating tank two draining pipes. These leave the tank at a
point level with the upper surface of the partition, or at'a corresponding or lower
level relatively to the hollow plate. One of these draining pipes discharges into
one reservoir, and the other into the other. Or one branched pipe may be
substituted for the two single pipes. Each pipe, or each branch, is provided with
a cock or valve. One of these draining pipes may serve the purpose of the upper
air-pipe already described, which in this case may be dispensed with.
The method of working my improved apparatus is as follows: Suppose it is
intended to use pressure for forcing the liquors in, for example, a dyeing
process:-
One of the reservoirs (which for distinction I will call No. 1.) is almost filled
with a suitable liquor through the inlet provided for this purpose. The liquor is
now heated to the required temperature by means of the steam coil or perforated
pipe.
Meanwhile the escape cock is kept open, or the three-way cock (if used) is set
to give communication between the outer air and the interior of the reservoir. The
treating tank is charged with the yarn upon perforated tubes as already described,
and the cover is put on and secured. Next the escape valve or cock is closed;
and the appliance which supplies steam or air under pressure is set in action, or;
if already working, the valve or cock which gives communication from it to the
reservoir is opened. All the other valves except the escape cock of reservoir
No. 2. being closed, the pressure forces the liquor up the delivery pipe into the
treating tank, where it passes through the yarn and down the other delivery pipe
into reservoir No. 2. The dyeing of the yarn is effected while the liquor is passing
through it.
When reservoir No. 1. is empty, reservoir No. 2. will be nearly full, as may be
seen by looking at the glass guage on each. Pressure is now shut off and the escape
cock opened in reservoir No. 1.; whilst prèssure is turned on and the escape valve
(or cock) closed in No. 2. The liquor now passes back through the yarn in the
opposite direction (e.g.-from circumference to centre of the yarn wound on the
tubes, instead of from centre to circumference as before).
When No. 1. reservoir is nearly full again, the two stages of the operation are
repeated as often as necessary. The dye-liquor may be strengthened from time to
time by additions made through the inlet cocks, or other arrangements, into the
reservoirs.
When the yarn is sufficiently dyed, the cock or valve of one of the draining
pipes is opened, to empty the treating tank of liquor. Then the valves or cocks of
the air-pipes are opened, and the pressure in one of the reservoirs is continued
in order to force the dye-liquor out of the yarn. After this, the yarn is removed,
and a fresh charge is put into the treating tank.
Steaming, or oxidizing by air, or treatment with other gases is effected in the
same way as the freeing of the yarn from liquor.
If vacuum be substituted for pressure in forcing the liquors, the suction must be
applied to the opposite reservoir as compared with pressure. In other words,
pressure is applied to a full reservoir in order to empty it, and vacuum is applied to
an empty reservoir in order to fill it. The escape cocks or valves (which in this
case serves as air-inlet valves) are manipulated to correspond.
The course of the liquor from one reservoir to the other, and vice versa; through
the yarn, is the sathe as with pressure, and the general method of working is the
saino.
The one instance, already mentioned, in which I employ cocks or valves in the
delivery pipes is when; in working-with vacuum, I do not wish the suction of the
liquors to commence until the full power of the suction has been attained. In this
case. I place a cock or valve in one or both of the delivery pipes, and keep it disea
until the suction appliance has sufficiently exbausted the air in the reservoir.

page_text: In all cases, if desired, pressure may be applied in one reservoir and suction in
the other, simultaneously.
The apparatus may also be worked first entirely by pressure and then entirely
by suction, or vice versa, in treating the same charge of yarn.
Dated this 21st day of July 1894.
Improvements in Apparatus for Dyeing and otherwise Treating
Yarns.
FREDERICK BARRACLOUGH, of Yeadon near Leeds, in the County of York,
Woollen Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to he performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to apparatus for dyeing and otherwise similarly treating
all kinds of yarn; the said yarn being mounted or wound upon hollow perforated
tubes, spindles, skewers, or bobbins closed at one end and open at the other; and
the dyeing or other treatment being effected by forcing or drawing suitable liquors
through the yarn by way of the said perforated.tubes.
The object of my invention is to construct a simpler and more effective apparatus
for the above purpose than has hitherto been used.
In the drawings filed herewith, Fig. 1 is a vertical section of one form of my
improved apparatus, showing its novel features and general arrangement.
Fig. 2 illustrates in a similar manner a modified form of the same, and also shows
alternative arrangements of some of the details.
The same letters refer to corresponding parts in both figures.
are referred to in my claims are marked with capital letters;
marked with italics.
The parts which
other parts are
In carrying out my invention, I construct two strong closed reservoirs (A' A'
Figs. 1 and 2) of iron or other suitable material, the two reservoirs being equal and
alike in all essential features. These reservoirs are preferably of rectangular form,
but any other convenient shape may be used, and they may be of any convenient
size.
1 also construct a closeable treating tank B. Figs. 1. and 2., provided with an
air-tight removable cover a; the treating tank being smaller in size than either of
the reservoirs. I place it with its bottom at a slightly higher level than the tops-of
the reservoirs. It may be made of iron or other suitable material; and it is
preferably rectangular in shape, but any other convenient shape: may be used.
I also provide a delivery pipe C₁ Figs. 1 and 2, leading from the bottom of the
reservoir A' to the lower part of the treating tank B; also another delivery
pipe C Figs. 1 and 2, leading from the bottom of the other reservoir A³ to the
upper part of the treating tank B. (I place no cocks or valves in these delivery
pipes.C¹ C².)
I also provide an air-pipe D' Figs. 1 and 2, leading from the top of the
reservoir A¹ to the lower part of the treating tank. B; also. another air-pipe D³
Figs. 1 and 2, leading from the top of the other reservoir A³ to the upper part of
the treating tank B. Instead of having independent communication with the
treating tank B, these air-pipes D' D may be arranged as branches from
the corresponding delivery pipes CC. This is the arrangement shown in the
drawings, and is generally preferable...
Each of these air-pipes D' D' is provided with a cock or valve E¹ E' Figs. 1
and 2

page_text: I also provide a steam boiler, injector, ejector, air pump, or other well-known
appliance, with communicating pipes 6' 6 Figs. 1 and 2, and cocks or valves c¹³
Figs. 1 and 2, for producing pressure or suctions in one or other of the reservoirs A¹ A³
as required. An air vessel or a reducing valve may be interposed between any of
these appliances and the reservoirs A¹A² according to circumstances, in order to
insure a suitable and steady pressure or suction; and in the case of steam, a
steam trap may be interposed. One pressure or suction producing appliance
may serve for both reservoirs or even for several pairs of reservoirs ; or on
the other hand a separate appliance may be used for each reservoir. More
than one of these appliances may be connected to each reservoir; so that, for
example, pressure and suction may be produced alternately in the same
reservoir.
All the above-named suction or pressure producing appliances are well known,
and I claim no novelty in the application of any of them to the circulating of
liquors in dyeing apparatus; therefore I have not described them fully, nor
shown them in my drawings. The same remark applies to the above-mentioned
air-vessel, reducing valve, and steam trap, which are, or may be, interposed between
the said appliances and the reservoirs Ai. A².
:
•
The choice between suction and pressure, and the choice of the appliance to be.
used in any given instance, is fixed by the special conditions attached to that
particular case; such as the price of fuel, the availability or otherwise of water
power, the physical properties of the yarn to be treated; the temperature of the
dye or other liquor, the advantage or disadvantage of condensed steam mixing with
the liquor, and other like considerations;-one of the features of my improved
apparatus being that it is equally suited to either pressure or suction, or both,
whether produced by steam or air or any other means, thus giving the dyer free
choice as to which he shall use.
1 provide each of the reservoirs A¹ A' with the following fittings, viz. :-
.
'
(1) An escape valve or cock, d¹ ď³ Fig. 1., at the top of the reservoir, by opening
which the pressure or vacuum in the reservoir may be destroyed when desired.
(But this valve is not always necessary when using a separate injector or ejector in
connection with each reservoir, as the means of producing the required pressure or
suction, for there is (or may be) a free passage for air or steam through the said
injector or ejector itself when it is not in operation.) Or, as an alternative, the
escape valve d' or d² Fig. 1. may be omitted, and a three-way cock or valve c¹ or c
Fig. 2. is placed in the pipe 6 or 62 Fig. 2. which supplies pressure or suction to the
reservoir A¹ or A³; the valve c' or 'Fig. 2, being so arranged that when set open'
in one position it connects the reservoir with the pressure or suction producing
appliance through the pipe b or Fig. 2., in another position it connects the
reservoir with the open air through the pipe d' or d² Fig. 2., and in another
position it is closed.
(2) An inlet pipe and valve, or other known pattern of feeding arrange-.
ment, ee Figs. 1 and 2, through which liquids may be introduced into the
reservoir before and during the dyeing of other operation. A filter is preferably
placed above this feeding arrangement.
(3) A valve or conff Figs. 1 and 2, at the bottom, by which the reservoir
may be emptied when the dyeing or other operation is ended, and by which a small
quantity of liquor may be drawn off from time to time as required during the
operations.
;
(4) Wherrequired, a steam coil or similar arrangement, g g Figs. 1 and 2, for
communicating heat to the contents of the reservoir before and during the dyeing
or other operation. Or a simple perforated pipe (not shown in the drawings) may
supply heat by means of direct steam previous to commencing the operations, and
then the coil gg³ alone may be used whilst the liquors are being forced or drawn
through the yarn. This arrangement is similar to one frequently used in hank-
dyeing cisterns.

page_text: (5) A glass guage (not shown) for showing the height of the liquid in the
reservoir at any time.
´(6) A man-hole and lid (not shown) or other means of gaining access to the
interior of the reservoir for cleaning and other purposes.
(7) In some cases a safety valve (not shown) adjusted to blow off at the
maximum pressure intended to be used in the reservoir.
(8) When desired, a pressure or vacuum guage (not shown), or both.
(The four fittings last mentioned, viz. :-the glass guage, the man-hole and lid,
the safety valve, and the pressure or vacuum guage, are all so well-known. and
arranged in such an ordinary manner that I have not thought it necessary to show
them in my drawings.)
I have referred to the eight fittings enumerated above, for the sake of
completeness; but I make no claim to novelty in respect of any of them, or of
any combination of any or all of them with each other or with the reservoir.
The closeable treating tank B Figs. 1 and 2, I construct with a closely fitting
cover a, which when unfastened may be easily pushed up out of the operator's way
on account of being suspended from a rope or chain passing over a pulley and
carrying a balance weight at the other end. When the treating tank is closed, the
cover a is secured by means of bolts and nuts, or hinged bolts and nuts, or other
convenient fastenings. It is preferable that thumb-nuts, or fly-nuts, should be used
instead of ordinary nuts, so that the cover may be fastened or loosed readily by
hand without the need for a spanner. A packing ring is preferably used to insure a
tight joint between the treating tank and the cover.
Across the lower part of the treating tank B, at a higher position than the mouth
of the delivery pipe C', I fit with a water-tight joint a horizontal partition h Fig. 1,
provided with boles into which the open ends of the perforated tubes or spindles i,
bearing the yarn, may be inserted. The perforated tubes i have each a flat flange
at a convenient distance from their open ends, to prevent them going too far
through the holes in the partition Fig. 1. This flange may have a disc of india-
rubber or felt on its under side, in order to make a tighter joint. Or I screw
nipples into the holes, and fit the tubes on the nipples.
Thus liquids, steam, or air can only pass from the lower to the upper side of the
partition Fig. 1, or vice versa, by passing through the yarn which is wound upon
the perforated tubes i. The tubes i may be held fast to the partition h during the
dyeing or other process, by means of bayonet joints or similar attachments; but
prefer to make them (the tubes) of such a length that they are held in position by
the cover a when the tank is closed, as shown in Fig. 1.
In this case the upper
part of each tube i, where it is not covered with yarn, is made without perforations.
When it is not desirable to use spindles of this additional length, I fix a plate j.
Fig. 2. to the cover a, at a suitable distance below it, by means of the connecting
pieces k. k. Fig. 2. This plate j is permanently fastened to the cover a, and is
removed with it when the treating tank B is opened. The distance between the
plate j and the cover a is determined by the length of the perforated tubes i
Fig. 2; and is such that when the cover a is put on, the plate; just touches the
tops of the tubes i and holds them down..
The plate is full of fine perforations; which allow the liquids to pass through
when a dyeing or other operation is going on.
The partition h. Fig. 1. may be either fixed or removable. When it is removable,
provide it with an upright rod / in the middle, and I form an eye or loop at the
top of this rod. Then when I wish to remove the partition h from the treating
tank B, I lift it out by means of a hook which I hook into the eye at the top of
the upright rod l. The height of the rod l, including the eye or loop, is either
equal to or less than that of the perforated tubes i which are in use at the same
time.
T
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page_text: upper side, and provided with a larger hole or socket upon its under side. The
socket on the under side of the hollow plate h Fig. 2, fits and is hermetically
sealed on the mouth of the delivery pipe C', as shown in Fig. 2., so that any
liquids, steam, or air passing through that delivery pipe in either direction must
necessarily also pass through the hollow plate (h. Fig. 2), the perforated tubes (/),
and the yarn.
The hollow plate h Fig. 2. does not fit closely to the side of the treating tank,
nor make a tight joint with it. Its upper surface corresponds with that of the
partition h Fig. 1., and the arrangement of the perforated tubes is the same for
one as for the other. The upright rod Fig. 2., is for the same purpose as the
corresponding rod / Fig. 1.
Although I show the hollow plate h Fig. 2, in combination with the perforated
plate Fig. 2., it is also permissible to use the partition Fig. 1. in combination
with the perforated plate; Fig. 2.; and also to use the hollow plate h Fig. 2 in.
combination with long perforated tubes i Fig. 1., instead of shorter tubes i Fig. 2,
and the perforated plate j Fig. 2.
But I wish it to be understood that I make no claim to novelty in any of the
internal arrangements and fittings of the treating tank B as just described, either
singly or in combination with each other or with the treating tank.
The upper delivery pipe C Figs. 1 and 2. may advantageously be made branched,
and enter the treating tank B at several points, so as to distribute the flow of the
reagents or it may end in a perforated channel m Fig. 1. running round the
upper part of the treating tank; or it may end in a perforated pipe running round.
the upper part of the treating tank in a recess formed to receive it.
The lower delivery pipe C₁ Fig. 1, when used in connection with the partition h.
Fig. 1. in the treating tank, may likewise be made branched, or a spreading cap.
may be placed above its mouth, for the same purpose.
But I make no claim to novelty in this branching of the delivery pipes, nor in
the perforated channel m Fig. 1, nor in the perforated pipe in the recess above-
mentioned, nor in the spreading cap above-mentioned.
I connect with the treating tank B. Figs. 1 and 2, two draining pipes n' n³
Figs. 1 and 2. These leave the treating tank B at a point level with the upper
surface of the partition Fig. 1; or at a corresponding or lower level relatively
to the hollow plate h Fig. 2. One of these draining pipes (Figs. 1 and 2).
discharges into one reservoir (A¹ Figs. 1 and 2), and the other (n² Figs. 1 and 2)
discharges into the other reservoir (A2 Figs. 1 and 2).
Or one branched pipe may be substituted for the two single pipes n³ n³; or one of
the pipes may be omitted entirely. Each pipe, or each branch, is provided with a
cock or valve o' o² Figs. 1 and 2.
But I make no claim to novelty in respect of these draining pipes.
My improved apparatus may be worked in various ways. I will first describe a
method of working when pressure is to be used in forcing the liquor through the.
yarn:-
One of the reservoirs, say A.', is almost filled with a suitable liquor through the
inlet pipe c', and is heated (if required) to a suitable temperature by the perforated
steam pipe or the steam coil g'. Meanwhile the escape cock d Fig. 1. is kept
open, or the three-way cock c Fig. 2. is set to give communication between the
outer air and the interior of the reservoir A¹. The treating tank B is charged
with the yarn mounted (if already in cop or similar form) or wound upon the
perforated tubes i which are inserted in the holes in the partition or hollow plate h
(Fig. 1 or 2); and the cover a is put on and secured.
Next the escape valve d¹ Fig. 1. is closed, or the same result obtained by turning
the three-way cock or valve Fig. 2. The appliance which supplies steam or
nir under pressure having been set in action, the valve or cock c¹ is opened so as to
give communication between it and the reservoir A'. At the same time all the
other cocks or valves in the whole apparatus are closed except the escape valve d³

page_text: Fig of the reservoir A³, or the corresponding three-way valve ‹³ leading to the-
escape pipe Fig. 2.
Thus the pressure produced in the reservoir A¹ forces the liquor out of the
reservoir Aby the only availablo outlet, which is the delivery pipe C¹. Thence
the liquor passes into the lower part of the treating tank B Fig. 1. or into the
hollow plate Fig. 2., whence it passes into the tubes . From the tubes i it
escapes by the perforations therein and passes through the yarn mounted or
wound thereon; the dyeing or other reaction taking place whilst the liquor is
flowing through the yarn. Having passed through the yarn, the liquor fills the
treating tank B, and overflows down the delivery pipe C into the second
reservoir A2. When the reservoir A¹ is nearly empty, the reservoir A³ will be
almost full, as may be ascertained by looking at the glass guage-on each.
At this stage the pressure is shut off from the reservoir A', and the escape
valve d Fig. I is opened, or the three-way valve c¹ Fig. 2. is set to connect the
reservoir A with the escape pipe Fig. 2. Also the pressure is turned on in
the reservoir A³, and the escape valve of the same reservoir is closed. The liquor
is now necessarily forced in the opposite direction; that is to say, up the delivery
pipe into the treating tauk B, then through the yarn into the hollow perforated
tubes i, and thence down into the delivery pipe C', and into the reservoir A' from
which it originally started. (In this stage, as in the first, the dyeing or other
treatment is effected while the liquor is passing through the yarn.)
When the reservoir A' is nearly empty, the operation may be again reversed,
and the two stages of the operations repeated as often as necessary. The liquor
in the reservoirs may be strengthened from time to time by additions made through
the inlet cccks or other feeding arrangements e¹ e². If necessary owing to
condensed steam or other causes, portions of the liquor may be drawn. off from
time to time by the cocks ff. When the dyeing or other operation is completed,
the valve o' or o² of the draining pipe n' or n³ (Figs. 1 and 2) is opened, in order
to empty the upper part of the treating tank B of liquor. Then the valve o¹ or o³
is closed again, and the valves E¹ E' of the air pipes D' D² are both opened.
Next the pressure is turned on again in one reservoir A' or A2, and the escape
valve d² or d¹ is kept open in the other reservoir A2 or A¹; in order to force the
remaining dye or other liquor out of the yarn. Then, if necessary, one of the
valves o¹ o may be opened again.
Finally the treating tank is opened; and the yarn is removed, either tube by
tube or bodily along with the removable partition or hollow plate.
Then the next batch of yarn is put in the treating tank and proceeded with in
the same manner. In most cases the same liquor may be used over again.
If vacuum be substituted for pressure in forcing (or rather, drawing) the liquor,
the suction must be applied to the opposite reservoir as compared with pressure.
In other words, pressure is applied to a full reservoir in order to empty it, whereas
vacuum or suction is applied to an empty.reservoir in order to fill it. The escape
valves d¹ d³ Fig. 1. (or the three-way valves c c² Fig. 2., communicating with the
escape pipes & Fig. 2..)-are manipulated to correspond, bearing in mind that the
said escape valves serve the purpose of air-admission valves when working with
.vacuum instead of pressure.
The course of the liquor through the yarn from one reservoir to the other, and
vice versa, is the same as when pressure is used, and the general method of working
is sufficiently similar to need no further explanation.
In addition to working simply by pressure alone or by vacuum alone, my
improved apparatus permits of various combination methods of working. Thus,
for example, pressure may be applied in one reservoir and suction in the other,
simultaneously. Or the forcing of the liquors in both directions may be effected
first entirely by pressure and then entirely by suction, or vice versa, in treating one
and the-same-charge of warn.. Or the forcing of the liquor in both directions may
"be effected by alternate pressure and suction in one reservoir only, neither pressure
nor suction being applied to the other reservoir.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
In the apparatus hereinbefore described and shown,—
1. The combination of the two closed reservoirs A' A' with the closeable
treating tank B and the delivery pipes C¹ C³ in the manner described and shown.
2. The combination of the two closed reservoirs A' A' with the closeable
treating tank B and the delivery pipes C¹ C2 and the air-pipes D1 D2 and the
valves or cocks E' E' in the manner described and shown.
Dated this 19th day of April 1895.
FREDERICK BARRACLOUGH,
Applicant.