IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS ENGINES
Year: 1884

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION,
I, ARTHUR WILLIAM LOVELL REDDIE of the Office for Patents, 6 Bream's
Buildings, Chancery Lane in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby
declare the nature of the invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS ENGINES and in
what manner the same. is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates generally to that class of gas engines in which the power
is obtained by the explosion of a mixture of gas and air in the cylinder of the
engine, and particularly to that class of these engines in which the explosive
mixture is confined under a considerable pressure in the cylinder, previous to being
exploded.
It is the object of the invention to produce an engine of this class which will be
more reliable and uniform in its action, and which will be capable of developing a
higher degree of power than those heretofore produced:
The invention consists generally in devices for effecting a more perfect mixing or
commingling of the gas and air which form the explosive mixture, and in devices
for regulating and controlling the proportions in which these two fluids enter into
the explosive mixture; in devices for supplying the explosive mixture to a pump
and for receiving and containing the same as it is received from the pump; in
devices for introducing the explosive mixture into the cylinder of the engine and for
regulating and controlling the quantity of the mixture introduced into the cylinder.
at each stroke, and for varying the quantity so introduced according to the labour
which the engine is performing at any particular time; in devices for igniting the
explosive mixture in the cylinder and for preventing a premature or a tardy
lighting thereof; in devices for utilizing the heat from the products of the
explosions in the cylinder; in devices for lubricating the various parts and also in
various other devices for various purposes; all of which will be hereinafter fully
explained and particularly pointed out.
To aid in a ready understanding of the details in the construction and
organization to be hereinafter described a brief description of the general
construction of the engine will be first given: The air and. gas which form the
explosive mixture are admitted in suitable proportions into a chamber containing a
mixing apparatus through which these two fluids are drawn by a pump and forced
into a tank or reservoir in a thoroughly homogeneous condition and ready to be
supplied to the power cylinder. The mixing chamber and the tank are connected

page_text: by a conduit pipe which is provided with a valve apparatus controlled by a
governor connected with some moving part of the engine, by which the pressure of
the mixture in the tank is automatically regulated so as to control tlie amount
delivered to the cylinder of the engine at each stroke of the piston. By this
means the speed of the engine is made to control the quantity of the mixture
supplied to the cylinder so that when the speed increases beyond what is desirable,
it is brought back to its normal condition by a proportionate decrease of the
mixture supplied to the cylinder, The tank just referred to communicates by a
conduit pipe with a valve chest provided with a single induction valve which
controls induction ports at the opposite ends of the power cylinder and is operated
from an eccentric upon the main crank shaft, so as to open and close said
ports alternately, and thus admit a charge to the opposite ends of the cylinder
alternately. The main crank shaft of the engine is provided with an eccentric
which, through suitable connections, operates a pair of valves located at the
opposite ends of the cylinder, and so arranged that at the proper time they open
communication between the charges confined in the cylinder and igniting burners
which are carried by said valves.
The exhaust outlet is located at or near the middle of the length of the power
cylinder and communicates with a conduit pipe which is connected with a coil
located in the tank or reservoir from which the explosive mixture passes to the
power cylinder, by which means the heat of the products of the explosions in the
power cylinder is utilized in raising the pressure of the mixture supplied to
the cylinder. The power piston is of such length with relation to the length of its
stroke that the exhaust outlet will be fully opened just as the piston completes its
stroke in oach direction and the induction valve is so timed that the charges are
admitted to each end of the cylinder at or about the time that the power piston
commences its stroke toward that end of the cylinder, thereby causing the charges
to be compressed in the cylinder before they are exploded.
The details in the construction of the organization thus outlined will now be
described in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a side elevation of a gas engine embodying the present invention.
Figure 2 is a like view looking from the right of Figure 1, the fly-wheel and a
portion of the supporting framework being omitted.
Figure 3 is a vertical sectional elevation of the same taken upon the line
of figure 2.
Figure 4 is a vertical sectional elevation of the power cylinder, taken upon the
line of figure 1.
Figure 5 is a horizontal section of the same, taken upon the line x x of figure 4,
and the line y y of figuro 1.
Figure 6 is a side elevation of the lower part of the engine, looking from the loft
of figures 1 and 3.
Figure 7 is an elevation of the valve chest looking from the cylinder side..
Figure 8 is a vertical sectional elevation upon an enlarged scale, of the valve
chost and the induction and igniting valves, slowing said valves in position to
admit a charge into the lower end of the cylinder and fire the charge compressed in
the upper end of the cylinder.
Figure 9 is a like view, showing the valves reversed in position.
Figure 10 is a like view of the upper iguiting-valve, showing the same in a
position intermediate of that shown in figures 8 and 9.
Figure 11 is a like view, taken upon the line y y of figure 8, aliowing the oiling
apparatus.
Figure 12 is a side elevation upon a like scale of the valvo chest with the
igniting valves removed.
Figure 13 is a like view of the igniting valves, looking from the inner or cylinder
side.
Figure 14 is a like view of anid valves, looking from the opposite side.

page_text: Figure 15 is a like view of the covering plate of the upper igniting valve, looking
from the outside.
Figure 16 is a like view of the covering plate of the lower igniting valve, looking
from the inside.
Figure 17 is an irregular cross section taken upon the line y y of figure 9.
Figure 18 is a like view taken upon the line x x of figure 8.
Figure 19 is a vertical section upon an enlarged scale, take upon the line of
figure 18.
Figure 20 is a like view taken upon the line y y of the same figure.
Figure 21 is a like view taken upon the line x x of figure 20.
Figure 22 is a horizontal section upon a like scale, taken upon the line
figures 13 and 14, and the line y y of figure 23.
of
Figure 23 is a vertical section upon a like scale, taken upon the line x x of
figure 22.
Figure 24 is a horizontal section upon a like scale, taken upon the line YY of
figure 23.
Figure 25 is an outside face view, upon the same scale as figures 12, 13 and 14,
of the upper igniting valve showing the covering plate removed, and the valve in
position to fire the charge in the upper end of the power cylinder.
Figure 26 is a like view showing the valve in the position it will occupy when
the charge is being admitted to the upper end of the power cylinder.
Figure 27 is a vertical section upon an enlarged scalo, of the mixing chamber
showing the mixing apparatus and the cocks and valve for controlling the admission
of the air and gas to the mixing chamber.
Figure 28 is a vertical sectional elevation upon the same scale as figures 8 and 9,
showing an induction valve of a modified construction.
Figure 29 is a like view showing an induction valve of still another form.
Figure 30 is a side elevation of the lower part of the engine, showing a modified
form of the apparatus for mixing the gas and air and for regulating the quantity of
the explosive mixture which passes to the power cylinder at each stroke.
Figure 31 is a vertical section of the same, taken upon the line xx of figure 30.
Figure 32 is a horizontal section taken upon the line zz of the same figure..
Figure 33 is a vertical section upon an enlarged scale, of the mixing chamber of
figures 30 and 31.
Figure 34 is an enlarged sectional elevation of the lower igniting valve, taken
upon the line of figure 35, showing an igniting burner of another construction.
Figure 35 is a horizontal section of the same, taken up on the line x x of
figure 34.
Figure 36 is a horizontal section of the valve, upon a still larger scale, taken upon
the same line, showing the igniting burner in plan view.
Figure 37 is a similar view showing the burner in section.
Figure 38 is an outside view upon a like scale, of that portion of the valve in
which the burner is located, showing the burner in elevation.
Figure 39 is a vertical section of the same portion of the valve taken upon the
line.xx of figure 36; and
Figure 40 is a sectional detail to be hereinafter referred to.
Referring particularly to figures 1, 2 and 3 it is to be understood that the power
cylinder 100, is supported in a vertical position upon a suitable frame work, which,
at a proper distance from the cylinder, also supports the main crank shaft 101,
which is provided with the usual flywheel 119 and belt pulley 118. In the
organization here shown the induction port at each end of the power cylinder is
opened to admit a charge of the explosive mixture to the cylinder, at or just
after, the power piston commences its stroke toward that end of the cylinder into
which the charge is being admitted, so that the mixture instead of being drawn
into the cylinder by the power piston is simply allowed to flow in and fill the
cylinder. This manner of charging the cylinder makes it necessary that the

page_text: mixture should be maintained at a pressure somewhat above that of the atmosphere
and to effect this the engine is supplied with a pump, 102, by which a supply of
the mixture is constantly forced into and maintained at the proper pressure in a
tank, 103, located in the base of the engine or in some other convenient position.
For the sake of economy and in order to secure compactness in the structure, the
puinp 102 will preferably, as shown in the present case, be located directly beneath
the power cylinder, and the tank 103 will be mado of annular form so as to
surround the pump and form a base for the engine.
In order to simplify the construction and reduce the number of parts it is
preferable that the piston rod 104, instead of having ordinary guides should be
provided with an open triangular frame 107, which surrounds the shaft, 101, and
is connected at its apex to the crank 106 by a connecting rod 108, its base boing
attached directly to the piston rod 105 of the pump. By this means not only is a
direct connection formed between the piston rod of the engine and the piston rod
of the pump, but the necessity of using crossheads and bearings is obviated...
Referring now particularly to figures 1, 3, 6 and 27, the apparatus by which the
air and gas which form the explosive mixture are thoroughly mixed or commingled
before they are admitted or forced into the tank, 103, and by which the explosivo
mixture thus formed is maintained at the proper pressure in said tank, will now bo
described Tho gas which is to enter into the explosive mixture is admitted from
a source of supply through a pipe 99, and a duet 9 into the mixing chamber 08,
while the air which is to be mixed with said gas to form the explosive mixture is
drawn into said chamber through a port 8.
:
The relativo proportions of gas and air which should enter into the explosive
mixture will be determined by trial, as, in order to secure the best results the
proportion of each must be varied according to the quality of the gna. It therefore
becomes impossible to determine these proportions. accurately in advance.
In order therefore to properly regulate the proportions of gas and air which are
allowed to enter into the explosive inixture, the duct 9 and the port 8 are provided
with cocks, valves, or other similar devices, 6, 7, by which the size of said duct and
port can be regulated so as to admit a greater or less quantity of the fluids as may
be desired. The chamber 98 is provided with a valve 5 which is arranged to close
both the duct and port 8, so as to prevent the escape of the fluids from the
mixing chamber under certain conditions which will bo hereinaftor explained.
In order to secure a thorough mixing or commingling of the gas and air, which is
necessary in order that the best results may be obtained, when the mixture is
exploded, the chamber 98 is provided with a number of diaphragms or partitions, 4,
having small apertures, 3, through which the air and gas inust pass in small
streams as they are drawn from the chamber into the pump. The soveral
partitions are placed a short distance from each other, as shown in Figure 27, and
the apertures 3 in the several partitions are so arranged, as also shown in snid
figure, that they do not coincide with each other. From this arrangement it
results that the small streams of gas and air in passing through the apertures in
the partitions from one side of the chamber to the other, are broken up and large
numbers of cross currents are formed in the spaces between the partitions so that
by the time the fluids have passed through the apertures in all the partitions and
are ready to be drawn into the pump, they have become so commingled as to forin
a practically homogeneous fluid or mixture. The mixing chamber 98 is provided
with two ports 10, 11 which communicate with the pump upon opposite sides of
the piston 100. Thoso ports are controlled by ordinary hinged valves which
operate in the manner common in air pumps to admit and confine the fluid
alternately in the opposite ends of the pump cylinder. The pump is provided
with two eduction-poits, 12 and 13, which are also controlled by ordinary valves,
and through which the fluid, drawn into the opposite ends of the pump, is forced
outward into an eduction chamber, 110, from which it passes through a pipe 111 to
the tank 103.

page_text: The operation of this part of the apparatus is as follows ¦——
pump
As the piston 109 ascends, a charge of the explosive mixture will be drawn from
the chamber 98 through the port, 11, into the port below said piston, and as the
piston descends a like charge will be drawn through the port 10 into the
above said piston, while the charge already below the piston will be ejected
through the port 13 into the chamber 110 and thence through the pipe 111 to the
tank. As the piston again ascends, the charge drawn in above the piston will be
ejected through the port 12, while a fresh charge will be drawn in below the
piston; and so the operation will be repeated, a charge of the explosive mixture
being forced into the tank at each stroke of the engine. The pump 102 will be
made of such size that at each stroke it will draw from the chamber 98 and force
into the tank 103, a quantity of the explosive mixture just equal to that which
under ordinary conditions it is desired the engine shall consume at each stroke...
The tank 103 is provided with a conduit pipe 112, which communicates with a
valve chest, 113, located by the side of the power cylinder, 100; and the pipe 112,
is provided with an ordinary throttle valve 114, by which the flow of the explosive
mixture to the cylinder can be shut off when desired, and also with an ordinary
relief valve, 150, by which, in case the mixture in the tank should become ignited
through any accident, or the pressure in the tank should become too great, relief
may be afforded so as to prevent damage to the apparatus.
The power cylinder 100 is provided with a single exhaust outlet consisting of
one or more ports 115, which are located at or near the middle of the length of the
cylinder and open either into a pipe or chimney, 147, (see dotted lines in figure 2)
leading to the open air or into an exhaust pipe 116, which extends downward
and passes through the tank 103 in the form of a coil, 148, (see figure 31), and
then opens into the open air as indicated at 149 (see figure 2). By this means the
gaseous products of combustion before escaping to the open air, are conveyed through
the tank so as to impart their heat to the mixture in the tank, and thereby
increase its expansive energy when exploded.
The power cylinder is provided at its opposite ends with, induction ports 20, 21
which register with ports 14, 15 which communicate with annular chambers 22, 23,
formed in the inner walls of the opposite ends of the chest 113 and which are
brought into communication with the interior of said chest, at the proper times, to
admit the charges of the explosive mixture to the opposite ends of the power
cylinder, by means of a single induction valve, 121, which is operated through
a rod 122 from an eccentric 123 upon the main crank shaft 101. To effect the
admission of the charges to the opposite ends of the power cylinder at the proper
times, the chest 113 and valve 121 are constructed as follows: Referring
particularly to figures 3, 8 and 9 it will be observed that the valve chest 113 is
cylindrical in forin, and is contracted at its upper and lower ends, just below. the
chambers 22, 23, so as to afford bearings for the valve 121 which is also cylindrical
ju form, and hollow throughout the greater portion of its length. It is to be
remarked that, although the valve 121 is made cylindrical in the present instance,
it may be square, polygonal, or of any other desired form in cross section. The
valve it will be observed is provided at or near the middle of its length with a
number of ports 24 through which the explosive mixture admitted to the chest 113
is permitted to pass so as to enter the interior of the valve. This valve is also
provided at a suitable distance from each end with a number of ports 26, 27 which
are so positioned that when the valve is in its lowermost position, as shown in
with the chamber 23 so as to permit the
figure 8, the ports 27 will coincide
mixture to pass from the interior of the valve through the ports, 15, 21, into the
lower end of tlie power cylinder; and that when the valve is in its uppermost
position, as shown in figure 9, communication between the ports 27 and
chamber 23, will be cut off; while the ports 26 at the upper end of the valve will
coincide with the chamber 22 so as to permit the mixture to pass from the interior
of the valve through the ports 14, 20, into the upper end of the power cylinder.
It will be seen that by this arrangement a perfectly balanced valve is secured'so

page_text: that no power is necessary to hold it in any position to which it is moved. It will
also be observed that the ends 70, 71 of the valve are extended a sufficient distance
beyond the ports 20, 27, to keep the ports, 20, 21 closed during the entire stroke of
the valve, except when they are in communication with the chost 113. Tho
purpose of this will be made clear when the operation of the engine is described.
It will be seen by reference to figuros 3 and 4 that the power piston 120 is of
such length, with relation to its stroke that the exhaust ports 115 do not become
uncovered so as to permit the products of combustion to pass out of the cylinder
until just before the piston completes its stroke.
It will also be observed that the eccentric 123, by which the valve 121 is
operated, is so positioned upon the crank shaft that communication will be
established between the valve chest 113 and each end of the cylinder, to admit a
charge of the explosive mixture just as the power piston is completing its stroke
toward the opposite end of the power cylinder, thereby allowing the incoming
charge to expel the products of combustion remaining in the cylinder through the
exhaust ports, and that communication will bo shut off between said valve chest
and that end of the cylinder which is receiving the charge just after the power
piston bas commenced its return stroko, thereby confining the charge just admitted
in the power cylinder so that it will be compressed therein by the return stroke of
the power piston.
The walls of the power cylinder 100, and the valve chest 113, are provided with
the usual water spaces 25 through which water is caused to circulate in the usual.
manner to prevent undue beating of the parts.
The igniting burners 50, 51 by which the charges confined in the opposite ends of
the power cylinder are exploded alternately, are carried in recesses 52, 53 in a pair
of valves 54, 55 which are connected to each other by a rod 95 and slide between
faces 56, 57, formed upon opposite ends of the valve chest 113, and covering
plates 58, 59, said valves being operated through a rod 124, from an eccentric 125,
upon the main crank shaft 101, as shown in figures 3, 8, 9. The igniting
burners 50, 51, which are of annular form and of a length about equal to the depth
of the recesses 52, 53 in which they are located, are provided at their outor ends
with flanges 16 (see figures 22 and 24) which fill the recesses 52, 53 so as to form
annular chambers in said recesses around the inner ends of the burners. The ends
of the burners are provided with a series of slots 17, and also with a number of
small apertures 18 by which communication is opened between the interior of the
burners and the annular chambers formed in the recesses in which they are located;
and through which the mixture passes in small jets to feed the Bames which burn
upon the inside of the annular burners. The valve chest 113 is provided with two
ports 28, 29 which open outward from the annular chambers 22, 23, through the
faces 56, 57, and the valves 54, 55 aro provided with corresponding ports 30, 31
which open inward from the recesses 52, 53, and are in such position that, as tho
valves reciprocate, they will come opposite the ports 28, 29, and thus bring the
charges confined in the cylinder into communication with the igniting burners so
as to fire said charges at the proper times.
By reference to figures 12, 13, 14, 25 and 26, it will be observed that the
ports 28, 29, are rectangular in form, while the ports 30, 31 are of rhomboidal
form, from which it results that as the valves move along the faces in which the
ports 28, 20 are located the opening through which the mixture passes from the
cylinder to the burner is so gradually enlarged as to prevent the mixture.rushing
out into the burner so rapidly as to extinguish the Hume of the burner before
it can be communicated inward to the charge in the cylinder. The purpose of
this construction will moro fully appear when the operation of the engine is
explained.
The valve 54 is provided with a duct 32 which passes upward from the recess 52
(see figure 23), then bends laterally and then inwardly, opening outward into a
channel 34 (see figure 17) formed upon the inner face of the valve and extending
for some distance above and below said duct (see figure 13). The valve 54 is alŝo

page_text: -provided with a port 36 (see figures 8, 9 and 23) which opens inward from the
recess 52 inside the igniting burner 50 to a channel, 38, formed in the inner face
of the valve and extending downward for some distance below the port 30 in such
position that when the valve is passing upward from its lowermost position, it will
be opposite a port 40, formed in the lower part of the face 56, and thus keep the
burner 50, in communication with the open air until just before said burner arrives
in position to fire the charge. The valve 55 is provided with a duct 33, a port 37,
and channels 35, 39; and the face 57 with a port 41, similar to the duct 32,
port 30, channels 34, 38, and port 40 just described in connection with the
valve 54 and face 56, except that they are located in reverse position with relation
to the burner 51.
The chamber 22 at the upper end of the valve chest 113 is provided with a
laterally extending duct 42 (see figures 17 and 19) which communicates with the
lower part of a chamber 44, which is provided with a cross partition 46 (see
figures 20 and 21) having an opening which is controlled by an ordinary check
valve 47 and from the upper part of which leads a duct 48 (see figures 18 and 20)
which bends outward so as to open into the channel 34 formed upon the inner face
of the valve 54. That part of the chamber 44 which is below the partition 46 is
provided with a port 60 which opens outward to the open air, and is controlled by
an ordinary check valve 19.
The chamber 23 at the lower end of the valve chest 113 is provided with a
duct 43 which opens into a chamber 45 which is provided, with a partition, a port,
and valves, similar to the partition 46, port 60 and valves 19 and 47; and from
which leads a duct 49, similar to the duct 48, which opens outward into the
channel 35 upon the inner face of the valve 55. The purpose of the various ports,
ducts, channels and valves just explained in connection with the valves 54, 55 and
the valve chest 113 will more fully appear when the operation of the engine is
described.
The plates 58, 59 which cover the valves 54, 55 are provided with apertures
62, 63 which are arranged in such position as to communicate with the
recesses 52, 53 in which the igniting burners are located, except at the time when
and a short time before and after the latter arrive in position to fire the charges in
the cylinder. These plates are also provided with suitable chimneys 64, 65 in
which are located permanent burners 66, 67 which are supplied with gas through
pipes 68, 69 so as to be kept constantly burning. Said burners being located in
such position that their flames will lie nearly or quite opposite the recesses 62, 63
so as to light the igniting burners as they are carried by said recesses during
the reciprocation of the valves. The chimneys 64, 65 are also provided with
apertures 96, 97 (see figures 3 and 9) located opposite the lower ends of the
apertures 62, 63 which serve a purpose which will be hereinafter explained.
The operation of the engine just described is as follows:-
The cocks 6, 7 having been opened so as to admit the gas and air into the mixing
chamber 98, the main crank sbaft will be turned by hand or otherwise until the
pressure of the explosive mixture in the tank 103 is equal or about equal to that
of the atmosphere. The throttle valve 114 will then be opened so as to allow the
mixture in the tank to flow freely into the valve chest 113. Let it now be
understood that the power piston 120, has just commenced to move downward.
As the piston 120 continues it downward movement the piston 109 of the pump
will also move downward so as to force another charge of the explosive mixture
into the tank 103 and thereby raise the pressure of the mixture in the tank above
that of the atmosphere. Just after the power piston 120 reaches the limit of its
downward stroke the eccentric 123 will, through the rod 122, move the valve 121
upward to the position shown in figure 9, so as to bring the ports 26 into register
with the chamber 22. The explosive mixture under the pressure which now
exists in the tank 103 will rush through the ports 24 and 26 into the chamber 22
and thence through the ports 14, 20 and fill the power cylinder above the power
piston. After the crank shaft 106 has passed its centre and the piston 120 in its

page_text: ascent has partly covered the exhaust ports 115, the eccentric 123 will move the
valve 121 downward so as to cut off communication between the chest 113 and
the port 20 and thus confine the charge admitted in the upper end of the cylinder.
As the power piston continues its ascont a small portion of the mixture confined in
the cylinder and the annular chamber 22 will pass through the duct 42 into the
chamber 4 beneath the valve 47 and raising said valvo, will flow through the
duct 48 into the channel 34 and thence through the duct 32 to the annular
chamber in the recess 52 around the burner 50, from which chamber the mixture
will issue through the slots 17 and apertures 18, in small jets into the interior of
the burner. The port 30 of the valve 54 being at this time in register with the
port 40 of the face 56, the heat generated by the flame of the burner 66 will draw
a current of air through said ports so as to carry the mixture outward through the
aperture 62 and thus light the burner 50 from the flame of the permanent
burner 66.
It will readily be seen that before the explosive mixture issuing through the
slots 17 and apertures 18 will be brought into communication with the flame of
the burner 60, a considerable quantity of said mixture will have accumulated in the
recess 52 and aperture 02, so that a slight explosion will be caused each time that
the igniting burner is lit and these explosions, unless means are provided for
preventing it are liable to extinguish the permanent burners. To obviate this
danger the chimneys 64, 65 are provided with the apertures 96, 97 which serve to
relieve the chimneys of the force of the explosions and thus prevent the permanent
burners from becoming extinguished.
As the power piston 120 continues its upward movement.compressing the charge
in the upper end of the power cylinder, the eccentric 125 will, through the rod 124,
commence to move the valves 54, 55 upward. As the valve 54 continues to move
upward the igniting burner 50 will continue to be fed by the mixture confined in
the upper end of the power cylinder, the channel 34 being of such length as to
maintain communication between the ducts 48 and 32. As soon as the valve 54
has moved upward so far as to cut off communication between the ports 30, 40, the
port 36 and channel 38 will come into communication with the port 40, as shown
in figure 10, so that air will continue to be supplied to the igniting burner until
just before said burner arrives in position to fire the charge. Just after the power
piston arrives at the limit of its upward stroke, the valve 54 will also arrive at the
limit of its upward movement so as to shut off communication between the
channel 38 and the port 40, and also between the aperture 62, and the recess 52 in
which the igniting burner 50 is located, and at the same time bring the port 30
into communication with the port 28, as shown in figure 8, so that the flame of the
igniting burner 50 will be communicated through the ports 30, 28, the chamber 22
and the ports 14, 20, to the charge confined in the power cylinder above the power
piston, so as to explode said charge and start the piston upon its downward stroke.
At the same time that the charge is fired in the upper end of the cylinder by tho
igniting burner 50, as just explained, the valve 121 will arrive in position to bring
the ports 27 into communication with the chamber 23 at the lower end of the power
cylinder, and the pump piston 109 will have completed another stroke so that the
pressure in the tank will have been again raised above that of the atmosphere. This
will cause the charge of the explosive mixture.to rush through the ports 24, 27 into
the chamber 23 and thence through the ports 15, 21 into the lower end of the power
cylinder. As soon as the power piston has moved sufficiently far upon its down-
ward stroke to partly cover the exhaust ports 1·15, the valve 121 will have again
commenced to move upward so as to cut off communication between the chest 113
and the port 21 and confino the charge in the lower end of the power cylinder, and
at the same time a portion of the mixture confined in the cylinder will pass through
the duct 43 into tlio chamber 45; thence past the valve in said chamber, corro-
sponding to the valve 47 already described; and thence through the duct 49 to the
channel 35, from which it will pass through the duct 33 to the annular chamber
formed in the recess 53 around the burner 51, so as to cause said burner to be lit from

page_text: the permanent burner 67 in the same manner as. already described in connection
with the burner 50. As the power piston continues its downward movement the
valve 55 will also move downward so that just after said piston has completed its
downward stroke, the burner 51 will be brought into the position shown in
figure 9 and the charge in the lower end of the power cylinder will be exploded
in the same manner as already explained in connection with the charge previously
admitted to the upper end of the said cylinder. As the first charge is exploded in
the lower end of the cylinder, as just stated, the valve 121 will again arrive in the
position shown in figure 9, so as to admit a second charge to to the upper end of
the cylinder and this charge rushing into the upper end of the cylinder under the
pressure existing in the tank will expel all the products of combustion remaining
in the cylinder through the exhaust ports 115. As soon as the charge has been
thus admitted the power piston 120 will again close the exhaust ports so as to
confine the charge in the upper end of the cylinder after which it will be fired in
the manner already explained; and so the operation will continue to be repeated
charges being thus admitted and fired alternately in the opposite ends of the
cylinder.
To stop the engine it is only necessary to close the throttle 114. When this is
done no more of the explosive mixture can pass from the tank 103 to the valve
chest 113, but the momentum of the engine will cause it to make several revolutions
after the throttle has been closed and this will cause the pump to still force the
mixture into the tank 103 so as to raise the pressure in said tank considerably
above that of the atmosphere. This is a feature of considerable practical importance
as it always insures a sufficient pressure in the tank to charge the power cylinder
whenever the throttle valve is again opened. It is of course apparent that the
same result might be accomplished by providing a supplemental pump for charging
the tank when it is desired to start the engine. With the reservoir 103 charged
with the mixture, the only operatious required to set the engine in motion
are the opening of the throttle-valve and the turning of the main crank shaft,
until the ports 26 or 27 at one end of the induction valve have been opened.to
admit the charge upon one side of the power piston and the igniting valves moved
into position to fire said charge.
.
It will be observed that when the igniting burners 50, 51 are brought into
position to fire the charges in the opposite ends of the cylinder, the pressure of the
explosive mixture upon both sides of said burners is the same; that is to say, the
mixture passes through the ducts 42, 43 and connections to feed the burners at
the same pressure that it passes through the ports 28, 30 and 29, 31 to the front
of the burners to be exploded, so that the mixture upon both sides of the flame of
the burner is in equilibrium, and thus the tendency to create a pressure which
would be likely to extinguish the burner before the firing can take place, is avoided.
Attention has already been called to the fact that the ports 28, 29 and 30, 31
through which communication is established between the chambers 22, 23, and the'
igniting burners, are not of the same shape; the former being polygonal, while the
latter are rhomboidal in form. By reason of this construction the passage formed
between the chambers 22, 23 and the burners by the bringing of these parts into
coincidence is so gradually opened that even if a slight difference in pressure does
exist between the mixture in the chambers 22, 23 and that in the recesses 52, 53
it will be so gradually communicated to the burners as to prevent all liability of
extinguishing their flames. It is of course to be understood that the same result
may be accomplished by making the coinciding ports of different forms from those
shown. For example, one may be made round, while the other is square or both
may be made round; or when they are of the form shown their order may be
reversed, the rhomboidal ports being in the faces 56, 57, while the rectangular
ports are in the valves.
In operating engines of this construction it sometimes happens that a charge
fails to become exploded at the proper time so that the power piston will proceed
upon its stroke without having the charge exploded behind it. When this occurs

page_text: 1
it has been found, that, just before the power piston arrives in position to uncover
the exhaust ports 115, owing to leakage, and particularly to the fact that a portion
of the charge has either been consumed by the igniting burner or has escaped
unconsumed through the ducts and channels leading to said burner, a partial
vacuum will be formed in the cylinder so that as soon as the igniting valve arrives
in position to bring the igniting burner into communication with the permanent
burner, there will be a tendency to suck the flame through the ports and channels
communicating with the cylinler, and thus effect a tardy firing of the charge.
This is very undesirable in the practical operation of the engine, and consequently
it is highly important to provide means by which such a tardy firing of the charge
will be prevented. This is accomplished in the present case by the valves 19
nud 47 located in the chambers 44, 45. It has already been explained that so long
as the explosive mixture is being forced from the cylinder through the ducts 42, 43,
the valves 47 will be mised so as to permit the mixture to pass through the
chambers 44, 45 into the ducts 48, 49, and thence to the igniting burners. As
soon, however, as a partial vacuum becomes formed in the power cylinder, so that,
instead of their being a tendency to force the mixture through the ducts 42, 43,
outward, there is a tendency to draw the mixture in the opposite direction; the
valves 47 become closed so as to shut off communication between the ducts 42, 43
and the ducts 48, 49; while at the same time the valves, 19 are raised so as to
permit air to pass from the ports 60 into the ducts 42, 43 and fill the partial
vacuum formed in the power cylinder. The same result may be attained by
increasing the throw of the eccentric 125, so that after the firing takes place, or
should take place, the ports 30, 31 will be carried on past the ports 28, 20 and that
the burners 50, 51 will not be brought back into communication with the apertures
02, 03 until after the power piston has proceeded so far upon its stroke as to open
the exhaust ports 115, thus making the valves 54, 55 cut off communication
between the burners and the interior of tho cylinder. Or the same result can been
obtained by the use of an independently operated cut-off valve arranged to closo
communication between the burner and cylinder until after the power piston has
proceeded far enough upon its stroke to open the exhaust ports. Any of these
arrangements are to be considered as equivalents.
In order to properly lubricate the valve 121 where it passes through the
contracted portious of the valve chest 113, the arms 70,-71 of the valve are provided
with oil chambers having small lateral ports 2, opening outward against tho bearing
surfaces of the valvo chest. The upper end of the valve is provided with a funnel
shaped cup 72 having a cock 73 by means of which the chainber in the end 71 can
be filled and then closed so as to prevent the oil from being forced out of the
chamber through the cup 72 by the pressure of the mixture in the valve chest.
The upper end of the valvo is also provided with a threaded rod 74 which passes
through the chamber and is made conical at its lower and so as to control an
opening 75 formed in the bottom of the chamber. The top of the lower chamber
is provided with a small opening, 1, through which said chamber is filled with oil
from the upper chamber by the raising of the rod, 74.
In order to properly lubricate the piston 120 and the rod 104 where it passes
through the stuffing box in the end of the cylinder, the upper and lower cuds of
the valve chest 113 are provided with oil cups 76, 77 the stems 78, 79 of which
open into the chambers 22, 23. These oil cups are provided with the usual cocks
for controlling the flow of oil through the stems and also with check valves 80
which are arranged as shown in figuio 11 so as to raise and allow the oil to flow
from the cups into the chambers 22, 23 and to close and prevent the oil from being
forced from the cups by the compression and the explosion of the charges. From
this construction it results that while the charges are. being admitted, the force of
the explosive mixture in passing through the chambers 22, 23 will cause a partial
vacuum to be formed in the stems 78, 79.so that the checks 80. will be raised and 5
a small amount of oil drawn into chambers 22, 23 from which it will be carried by
the force of the incoming charges into the power cylinder upon the walls of which

page_text: it will adhere so as to lubricate the piston, and also gradually work downward and
accumulate around the rod in the lower end of the cylinder so as to keep it also
properly lubricated. Some of the oil which drops from the opening 75 into the
interior of the valve 121 will also be carried through the ports 26, 14, 20 and
27, 15, 21 into the power cylinder by the force of the incoming charges so as to aid
in lubricating the piston and rod.
In operating engines of this class it sometimes happens that the flame caused by
the explosion of the charge upon one side of the power piston is forced past the
piston so as to cause a premature explosion of the charge, which is at the same
time being compressed upon the opposite side of the piston. To obviate this the
piston 120 is, in the present case, made in two parts so that an annular chamber 81
is formed at its centre which at each reciprocation of the piston will be brought
into communication with the open air through the exhaust ports 115. From this
construction it results that, before the flame can be forced past the piston so as to
fire the charge which is confined upon the opposite side, the air contained in the
chamber 81 must be raised to a pressure greater than that of the explosive mixture
in front of the piston, but before this can be done the piston will have proceeded
far enough upon its stroke to bring the chamber 81 into communication with the
exhaust ports 115 and thus again reduce the pressure in the chamber 81 to that of
the atmosphere.
When the engine is of the vertical form as herein shown it will be readily seen
that the soot and unconsumed products of combustion which accumulate in the
upper end of the cylinder will naturally collect on top of the piston and will be
driven out through the exhaust ports 115 by the force of the incoming charges.
This, however, will not be the case with these products which accumulate in the
Jower end of the cylinder, as such products will naturally collect at the bottom of
the cylinder and in such position that they cannot be forced out through the
ports 115. The cylinder is therefore provided at its lower end with a cleaning
pipe 143. (see figures 2 and 40) having a cock 146 and a weighted or spring seated
valve 145, so that when it is desired to remove these waste products of combustion
from the cylinder, it may be done by simply turning the cock 146 so as to open
the passage through the pipe 143.
The two discs 141, 142 of the valve 145 are so proportioned that the pressure of
the mixture in the cylinder will not raise the valve, but that when the explosion
occurs the greatly increased pressure will raise the valve and allow a small portion
of the exploded mixture to escape through the waste pipe 144, and in so doing
carry out the soot and other matter collected in the bottom of the cylinder. When
the cylinder has been thus cleaned the cock 146 will be turned so as to close the
pipe 143 and prevent all escape of the exploded mixture until cleaning again
becomes necessary.
As the labour which the engine is called upon to perform varies at different
times, it is desirable to provide means by which the power of the engine can be
automatically regulated so as to conform to these temporary variations. This may
be done either by increasing and decreasing the amount of the explosive mixture
supplied to the engine at each stroke of the piston, or by increasing and decreasing
the quantity of gas which is allowed to enter the explosive mixture and thus
increasing and decreasing its richness or strength. The former method has been
adopted in the present case. For this purpose the pump 102 is provided with a
valve apparatus connected with a governor which operates when the speed of the
engine increases beyond what is desirable, to open communication between the
tank 103 and the suction side of the pump so that a part of the mixture supplied
to the pump will be taken from the tank, thereby reducing the pressure in the tank
and consequently the quantity of the mixture delivered to the cylinder of the
engine at each stroke. To effect this the mixing chamber 98 and the tank 103 are
provided with pipes 82, 83 which communicate with a chamber 84 upon opposite
sides of a differential valve 85, the rod 86 of which is connected to one arm of a
bell crank lever 87 the opposite arm of which is provided with a bowle 93 which

page_text: lies in close proximity to the flange of a screw threaded sleeve 88 which surrounds
the threaded hub.92 of the belt pulley 118. This pulley 118 is provided upon the
inside of its rim with a pair of pivotted levers 91, the outer ends of which are
provided with weights 90, while their inner ends are connected by rods with a
Hange upon the outer end of the sleeve 88.
The levers 01 are provided with a suitable spring 80 connected to onch, which,
when the engine is running at its normal speed, holds the weights 90 inward away
from the rim of the pulley, as shown in figures 3 and 6. When, however, the
speed of the engine is accelerated the centrifugal force of the woights 90 will
over-balance the tension of the spring 89 and allow the weights to tako positions
nearer to the rim of the pulley and in so doing they will rock the lovers 91 so as to
give the sleeve 88 a partial turn upon the hub 92 and cause the sleeve to move
inward a short distance. This will bring the flange upon the inner end of the
sleeve into contact with the bowle 93 of the lever 87 thereby rocking the lever and
opening the valve 85.
As soon as the valve 85 is opened the whole or a part of the explosive mixture,
depending upon the extent to which the valve is opened, which is drawn into.the
pump, will pass from the tank instead of through the duct 9 and port 8, and the
amount thus withdrawn from the tank will tend to reduce the pressure in
the tank so that the amount of the mixture which will be supplied from
the tank to the power cylinder will be proportionately diminished, and this
in turn will cause a reduction in the speed of the engine. As soon as the
engine has fallen back to its nornal speed the spring 80 will again draw the
weights inward, thereby withdrawing the sleeve 88 from the bowlo 93 of the
lever 87 and permitting the spring 94 to close the valve 85. If at anytime the
speed of the engine becomes suddenly increased so as to open the valve 85 and
allow the full pressure of the tank to pass to the chamber 98, the valve 5 will at
once become closed so'ns to prevent the escape of any of the explosive mixture
through the port 8 to the open air. This valvo will also, during the time it remains
closed, prevent the pump from drawing in any additional gas and air through the
port 8 and duct 9.
As hereinbefore stated, the proportions of gas and air which should enter into
the explosive mixture will vary with the quality of the gas used and can therefore
be determined only by trial. For this reason the cock 7 has been provided so that
the quantity of air admitted to the mixing chamber can be varied at pleasure.
This performs another very important function which will now be explained. It
will be observed that the port 8 through which the air passes to the mixing
chamber communicates directly with the open air, froin which it results that the
air pusses to the mixing chamber under just the pressure of the atmosphere, while
the gas, as is usual, is admitted to the mixing chamber under a pressure considerably
greater than that of the atmosphere. This difference in the pressure at which the
two fluids are introduced into the mixing chamber, as well as the speed at which
the engine is to be operated, are elements which must be taken into consideration
in securing the proper adjustment of the cock 7, as any adjustment of said cock,
which would serve to admit the proper proportions of gas and air with the gas at a
given pressure, would not hold good if the pressure of the gas was changed; neither
would an adjustment, which would serve to admit the proper proportions of gas
and air with the engine running at a given speed, hold good if the speed of the
engine was changed. To make this clear, let it be supposed that the engine and
the pump are running at their minimum speed, and also that when so running the
gas opening is of such size that the gas, under the pressure which exists in tho
pipe 99, will be forced into the mixing chamber sufficiently fast to fully supply the
pump. It is manifest that under such conditions as these no air would bo drawn
into the mixing chamber, no matter how large the air opening. Let it now be
supposed that the speed of the engine is doubled, the area of the gas, opening
remaining the same. It is manifest that under such conditions the quantity of gas
which will be forced through the gas opening will not be sufficient to fully supply

page_text: the pump and that as a consequence a quantity of air will be drawn through the
air opening to supply the deficiency. And so it has been found in practice, that,
the air and gas opening remaining the same the proportion of air which will be
drawn into the pump will be increased and the proportion of gas diminished as the
speed of the engine increases and vice versa.
It has also been found in practice that this difficulty can be obviated and the
Fame relative proportion of gas and air preserved in the explosive mixture at all
speeds of the engine, by decreasing the area of the air opening as the speed of the
engine increases and vice versa and it is for this purpose as well as for that
hereinbefore mentioned that the cock 7 is provided.
Although I have, in the present case, shown the invention as embodied in a
vertical engine; yet, it will be readily seen that, by a slight modification in the
construction of certain of the parts, the invention may be embodied in an engine of
horizontal form, if such form should be preferred. It will also be seen that a single
acting engine either of a vertical or horizontal form can readily be constructed so
as to embody many of the features of the present invention. To do this it would
only be necessary to omit one of the induction ports of the power cylinder and
one of the igniting valves and its communicating ports &, and leave the corre-
sponding end of the power cylinder open. In such case a single instead of a double
acting pump would be employed to force the explosive mixture into the tank. It
may also be remarked in passing that, if preferred, a single acting pump may be
used in connection with a double acting power piston, but in such case the pump
would have to be speeded up so as to make two strokes to one of the power piston
and this would not be found desirable.
In conclusion it is to be remarked that modifications may be made in many of
the details of the construction hereinaboye described; without departing from the
spirit of the invention.
Instead of the cock 146 being used with the clearing pipe 143 and valve 145 for
the purpose of cleaning out the lower end of the cylinder of the engine, the cock
may be dispensed with and the valve 145 positively forced to its seat by any
convenient means, and thus the same results be produced as by the employment of
both the cock and the valve.
The pump 102 may in some cases be arranged above or at one side of the power
cylinder instead of below it, especially when it is desired to utilize my invention in
engines for stamp mills, hammers and other such machines.
The heat of the products of explosion may be utilized to heat the explosive
mixture before it enters the power cylinder by passing it from the exhaust ports
into a reservoir in which is a coiled pipe or a series of pipes through which the
mixture is forced before entering the cylinder. The exhaust pipe might be large
enough to permit the pipe conveying the mixture to the cylinder to lie within the
same so that the products of explosion in escaping would pass over said conveying
pipes, or the products of the explosion might be utilized to beat the mixture in
other ways without departing from the spirit of my invention.
The construction of the induction valve may be greatly modified without
departing from the invention.
Two of the several modifications which may be made in said valve are illustrated
in figures 28 and 29. In the construction shown in the first of these figures, the
ports 24, 26 and 27 have been omitted from the valve, the valve being contracted
at its middle so as to allow the explosive mixture to pass directly from the valve
chest 113 to the chambers 22, 23 when the valve is in position to admit the charges
into the opposite ends of the cylinder, instead of passing through the interior of the
valve as in the construction just described. The construction shown in figure 29
is substantially the same, except that the central portion of the valve is enlarged
so as to nearly fill the valve chest, and thus permit a much less quantity of the
explosive mixture to remain in said chest after communication is shut off between
the chest and the power cylinder,

page_text: The construction and arrangement of the apparatus for effecting the mixing of
the gas and air and also for controlling the pressure of the explosive mixture in the
tank may also be greatly modified without departing from the invention. One
Buch modified construction and arrangement is shown in figures 30 to 33 inclusivo.
In this case the mixing chamber 08 is divided into three compartments 137, 138
and 139, the two latter being provided with openings which communicate with the
former. The gas which is to enter into the the explosive mixture is admitted from
the pipe 99 into the compartment 139 while the air is admitted through the port 8
into the compartiment 138.
The admission of the gas is controlled in this case as in that already described by
a cock 6, which is however in this case located in the pipe 99. The admission of
the air is controlled by a sliding gate 7 which is arranged to cover the port 8, and
is provided with means, as a handle, by which it can be properly adjusted. This
gate performs the same function as the cock 7 already described. From the
compartments 138, 139 the air and gas pass to the main compartment 137 in which
is located the mixing apparatus. This is arranged in substantially the same manner
as in the construction already described, but instead of being composed of a number
of perforated plates, consists of a single perforated plate 126 (see figure 33) and a
number of layers of wire gauze 140, through which the gas and air are drawn so as
to become thoroughly mixed as they pass through the ports 10, 11 to the pump.
It will of course be seen that the perforatel plates or partitions 4 may be used
in this case or that the single perforated plate, and the wire gauze may be used in
the chamber first described if preferred.
In this case the governor valve 85 is arranged in a horizontal instead of a vertical
position, and the pipes 82, 83 instead of communicating with the mixing chamber
and the tank, communicate with the pump upon opposite sides of the piston 109.
From this arrangement it results that when the valve 85 is opened by reason of the
speed of the engine becoming unduly accelerated the mixture instead of being drawn
from the tank back into the pump is simply allowed to circulate froin one side to
the other of the piston 109 without being forced into the tank, thus effecting the
same result as in the former case.
The construction of the igniting burners may also be varied from that hereinbefore
described without departing from the invention. Figures 34 to 39 inclusive
illustrate another form of burner suitable for this purpose, said burner being shown
as applied to the lower igniting valve 55.
This burner consists of a series of discs 132 (see figure 37) which are provided at
their outer edges with flanges 131 and are mounted upon a hollow stud 129 which
is secured to and passes through the valve so as to open inward upon its inside faco
as sliown at 31 (see figure 37) and in position to register with the port 29 when
the burner is in position to fire the charge, as shown in figures 34 and 35. The
stud 129 is provided with a series of small openings 130, which communicate with.
the annular chambers formed between the discs, the flanges 131 and the outer
disc 132 being provided with a series of small openings or slots 133, through which
small jets of the mixed gas and air pass to feed the flame, which in this case burns
upon the outside of the burner in the recess 53, instead of upon the inside of the
burner as in the construction first described. The channel 39 which supplies air
to the flame of the burner opens into the recess 53 upon the outside of tho burner
(see figure 34), instead of opening into the inside of the burner, and the duct 33
through which tho burner is fed opens into the hollow stud 129 (see figures 36, 37)
instead of into the recess 53. The stud 129 is provided just in front of the
duct 33 with a valvo 134 controlled by a screw rod 135 (see figure 37) by which
the quantity of the explosive mixture which is allowed to pass to the burner can be
regulated as may be required. The valve 55 is provided with recesses and ports 136
(see figures 35 to 39) extending laterally from the recess 53 and through to the
inside face of the valve. These recesses are so positioned that when the burner is
in position to fire the charge they will be brought into register with the port 29

page_text: (see figure 35) which in this case is made broader than in the construction first
described, so as to permit the charge confined in the cylinder to come into'
communication with the flame of the burner and be exploded. The ports 136 may.
be made rhomboidal in form, the same as the ports. 30, 31, and for the same purpose
if desired or found necessary.
The aggregate area of the openings 130 in the stud 129 of the burner is much
less than the aggregate area of the openings 133 in the discs 132, and the.
flanges 131, so that the mixed gas and air after passing through the former openings
will be allowed to expand considerably before it passes through the latter openings
to be burned. By this arrangement the great and constantly increasing pressure
in the cylinder will not force the mixture outward so fast as to extinguish the flame
of the burner, while by providing the burner with a large number of small jet
openings, as shown, the certainty of its being lit by the flame of the burner 67 is
insured, and at the same time a large area of flame is provided which makes the
ignition of the charge in the cylinder more rapid and certain.
In order to prevent an unnecessary amount of the mixture from being consumed
by the burner, the valve 134 will be so adjusted as to permit only a sufficient
quantity of the mixture to pass to keep the burner supplied.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
1. In a gas engine the combination of a mixing chamber provided with a gas
inlet, with an adjustable cock or gate controlling an air opening to said mixing
chamber, and a pump for drawing the gas and air into snit mixing chamber,
substantially as described.
2. In a gas engine the combination, with a mixing chamber provided with a
mixing apparatus substantially such as described, and with openings for admitting
the air and gas upon one side of said mixing apparatus, of a pump communicating
with the chamber upon the other side of said mixing apparatus for withdrawing
the mixture therefrom, substantially as described.
3. In a gas engine the combination, witli a mixing chamber provided with a
mixing apparatus substantially such as described, and with openings for admitting
the air and gas upon one side of said mixing apparatus, of a pump communicating
with the chamber upon the other side of said mixing apparatus for withdrawing
the mixture therefrom, and an inwardly opening valve or valves for said air and
gas openings, substantially as described.
4. In a gas engine the combination, with the mixing chamber 98, provided with
the partitions 4, placed a short distance from each other and having apertures 3
which are arranged so as not to coincide with each other, and with openings for
admitting air and gas upon one side of said partitions, of a pump communicating
with the chamber upon the other side of said partitions for withdrawing the
mixture therefrom, substantially as described.
5. In a gas engine the combination, with the mixing chamber 98 provided with
the partitions 4 placed a short distance from each other, and having apertures 3
which are arranged so as not to coincide with each other, and with openings for
admitting air and gas upon one side of said partitions, of cocks, gates or valves 6, 7,
for controlling said openings, and a pump communicating with the chamber upon
the other side of said partitions for withdrawing the mixture therefrom,
substantially as described.
6 In a gas engine the combination, with the mixing chamber 98 provided with
partitions placed a short distance from each other and having apertures 3 which
do not coincide with each other, of openings for adinitting the air and gas into said
chamber upon one side of said partitions, a pump connected to said chamber upon
the other side of said partitions and arranged to draw the mixture therefrom, and a
tank arranged to receive the mixture from said pump, substantially as described.
7. The combination, with a gas chamber 139, of an air chamber 138 of a larger
area than the gas chamber, provided with a valve opening inward; a mixing

page_text: chamber 137 connected by apertures with said gas and air chambers, a valve
opening into said mixing chamber for controlling said apertures, and a pump with
openings between said mixing chamber and the pump cylinder, and with an
induction valve or valves opening from said mixing chamber toward the pump,
substantially as described.
8. The combination, with a gas chamber 139, of an air chamber 138 of a larger
area than the gas chamber provided with a valve opening inward, a mixing
chamber 137 provided with a mixing apparatus and connected by apartures with
Baid gas and air chambers, a valve opening into said mixing chamber for controlling
said apertures and a pump with openings between said mixing chamber and the
pump cylinder, and with an induction valve or valves opening from said mixing
chamber towards the pump, substantially as described.
0. The conibination with a gas chamber 139, of an air chamber 138 of a larger
area than the gas chamber, provided with a valve opening inward, a mixing
chamber 137 connected by apertures with said gas and air chambers, a valve
opening into said mixing chamber for controlling said apertures, and a pump with
openings between said mixing chamber and the pump cylinder, and with an
induction valve or valves opening from said mixing chamber towards the pump, a
reservoir for receiving the mixture of gas and air from the pump, and a valve or
valves opening outward from the pump, substantially as described.
10. In a gas engine the combination, with the pump 102 and tank 103, of the
pipes or pasanges 82, 83, and a valve as $5, controlled by a governor, substantially
as described.
11. In a gas engine the combination, with the mixing chamber, the pump, and
the tank, of a passage connecting said tank and chamber, a valvo controlling said
passage, and a governor operated by the engine for moving said valve, substantially
as described.
12. In a gas engine the combination, with the mixing chamber for receiving the
gas and air, the pump for withdrawing said gas and air from the chamber, and the
tank for receiving the mixture from the pump, of a passage connecting said tank
and chamber, a valve controlling said passage, a governor operated by the engine
for moving said valve, and the valve 5 for preventing the escape of the mixture
from the mixing chamber through tho admission openings substantially as
described.
R
13. The combination, with a pump and valves controlling the openings to tho
pump for the gas and air mixture, of a passage connecting the two sides of tho
pump, a valve for controlling said passago and a governor operated by the ongine
for actuating said last mentioned valve, substantially as described.
14 The combination, with weighted levers pivotted to a revolving support, of n
spring for drawing the weighted ends of aid levers towards the centre of said
revolving support, a loose internally screwed sleeve connected to and operated by
said weighted lovers, a threaded support upon which said screwed sleeve works, a
valve operated by said slcove and a pump having a passage connecting the two
sides of the same controlled by said valvo, substantially as described.
15. The combination, with the weighted levers pivotted to a revolving support,
of a spring for drawing the weighted ends of: said levers towards the centre of said
revolving support, a loose internally screw threaded alceve connected to nud
operated by said weighted levers, a threaded support upon which said sleeve works,
a valve operated by said sleeve and a lever for actuating said valve provided with
a bowle against which the threaded sleeve works, and a pump having a passage
connecting the two sides of the same, controlled by said valve, substantially as
described.
10. The combination, with the pulley 118, of the levers 91 provided with
weights 90 pivotted to the web of said pulloy and curved so as, to lie properly
within the same, a spring 89 for drawing the weighted ends of said levers towards
the centre of the pulley, an internally screw-threaded sleeve 88 connected by rods
with the ends of said levers, a threaded hub 92 forming part of said pulley and

page_text: secured to the main shaft of the engine and a lever for operating a valve provided
with a bowle running in contact with the flange of said internally screw threaded
sleeve and a pump having a passage connecting the two sides of the same and
controlled by said valve, substantially as described.
17. The combination, with the cylinder of a gas engine, of a pipe for receiving
the products of explosion of the explosive mixture, and a reservoir for containing
said mixture, through the interior of which said pipe passes to the open air, so that
said products will heat said mixture in passing through said pipe, substantially
as described.
18. The combination, with a reservoir for the explosive mixture, of a power
cylinder and piston, and an induction valve or valves positively opened to admit
a charge or charges of said mixture to said cylinder and exhaust ports opened by
the power piston, substantially as described.
19. The combination, with a reservoir for containing the explosive mixture
under pressure, of a power piston, its cylinder provided with exhaust ports placed
so as to be entirely opened upon the completion of a stroke of said piston, an
induction valve positively opened to admit a charge of the explosive mixture from
the reservoir to the power cylinder at that end of it in which the explosion has just
taken place, and after the power piston has uncovered the exhaust ports, to force
out the products of said explosion, substantially as described.
20. The combination, with the power cylinder and its piston of a double acting.
gas engine, of exhaust ports arranged at or about the middle of said cylinder, and
an induction valve controlling the admission of the explosive mixture at each end
of the cylinder whereby the explosive mixture is admitted to the cylinder after
the exhaust ports are partially or wholly opened, substantially as described.
21. The combination, with the power cylinder and its piston of a double, acting
gas engine, of exhaust ports arranged at or about the middle of said cylinder, an
induction valve controlling the admission of the explosive mixture at each end of
the cylinder, and a reservoir for containing the explosive mixture whereby the
mixture is admitted from the reservoir to the cylinder after the exhaust ports are
partially or wholly opened, substantially as described.
22. The combination, with the power cylinder and its piston of a double acting
gas engine, of exhaust ports arranged at or about the middle of said cylinder, and
an induction valve controlling the admission of the explosive mixture at each end
of the cylinder, and a piston rod passing through the end of said cylinder,
substantially as described.
23 In a double acting gas engine in which the charges are admitted into the
power cylinder in front of the advancing piston so as to be compressed thereby, the
combination, with the power cylinder provided with the induction ports 20, 21 at
its opposite ends, and with the valve chest 113 communicating with both of said
ports, of the single reciprocating valve 121 arranged to control both of said ports
and provided with elongated ends 70, 71, whereby the ports 20, 21 are kept closed
except when in communication with the valve chest 113, substantially as described.
24. In a double acting gas engine in which the charges are admitted into the
power cylinder in front of the advancing piston so as to be compressed thereby, the
combination with the power cylinder provided with the induction ports 20, 21 at
its opposite ends, and with the valve chest 113 communicating with both of said
ports, of the hollow reciprocating valve 121 provided with the ports 24, 26, 27 and
with the elongated ends 70, 71, whereby the ports 20, 21 are kept closed except
when in communication with the valve chest 113, substantially as described.
25. In a double acting gas engine in which the charges are admitted into the
power cylinder in front of the advancing piston so as to be compressed thereby,
the combination with the power cylinder provided with the induction ports 20, 21
at its opposite ends, and with the valve chest 113 communicating with both of said
ports, of a single valve arranged to open and close said ports alternately to admit
and confine the charges, the firing ports 28, 29 communicating with the induction
F
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page_text: ports, and the valves 54, 55, carrying igniting burners to fire the charges after
they liave been coin pressed in the power cylinder; substantially as described.
20. The combination, with a power cylinder, provided with a port and a passage
communicating therewith, of an igniting valve provided with a burner supplied by
a part of the explosive mixture in said power cylinder through said port and passago,
substantially as described.
27. The combination, with a power cylinder having a port, na 28 or 29; commu-
nicating with the interior thereof, of an igniting valve carrying a burner, suitable
passages through which said burner is fed from the charge in the cylinder and
a port, or ports, as 30 or 31, or 136, through which the charge in the cylinder
is brought into communication with the flame of the burner, substantially as
described.
28 The combination with a power cylinder having a port, as 28 or 29, commu-
nicating with the interior theroof; of an igniting valve provided with a recess, as
52 or 53, in which is located an igniting burner, suitable passages, as 42, 48, 34, 32,
through which said burner is fed from the charge in the cylinder; and a port or
ports, as 30 or 31, or 136, through which the charge is fired, substantially as
described.
20. In a gas engine the combination, with the power cylinder having a port
through which the charge is fired, of a moving valve carrying an igniting burner,
suitable passages through which said burner is fed from the charge in the power
cylinder, and a valve by which communication inward to the power cylinder
through said passage is cut off from the time when the charge is exploded or
should be exploded, until after the power piston has opened the exhaust ports,
substantially as described.
30. In a double acting gas engine the combination with the power cylinder
having ports through which the charges are fired in the opposite ends of the
cylinder, of moving valves carrying igniting burners, suitable passages through
which said burners are fed from the charges in the power cylinder, and valves by
which communication inward through said passages to the power cylinder is cut
off from the time when the charges are exploded, or should be exploded, until after
the power piston has opened the exhaust ports, substantially as described.
31. In a gas engine the combination, with the power cylinder having a port
through which the charge is fired, of a valve carrying an igniting burner, suitable
passages through which said burner is fed from the charge in the cylinder, and an.
outwardly opening valve 47 controlling said passages, substantially as described.
32. In a gas engine the combination, with the power cylinder having a port
through which the charge is fired, of a valve carrying an igniting burner, suitable
passages through which said burner is fed from the charge in the cylindor, an
outwardly opening valve 47 controlling said passages, a port 60 opening outward
to the air from said passages, and an inwardly opening valve 19 controlling said
port, substantially as described.
33. The combination, with an igniting valve provided with a burner located in
a rocess in said valve, of a port or ports for placing said recess in communication
with the air when the burner is to be lighted after each explosion, an aperture
through the valve cover communicating with said recess when the burner is being
lighted, and a stationary burner and chimney in front of said aperture whereby
after the burner in the valve has been lighted, air will be caused to pass through
said port or ports and recess to clear the same of the products of the previous
explosion, substantially as described.
34. The combination, with an igniting valve 54 or 55, provided with a burner
located in a recess 52 or 53, and passages 38 or 39 communicating with the
air through openings 40, 41 when said burner is relighted, an aperture 62 or 63
through the valve cover, and a chimney and stationary burner substantially as
described.
35. A burner provided with a hollow stud through which the burning fluid is
supplied and discs with flanges having small openings located thereon, said stud

page_text: being perforated between said discs and said perforations being less in area than
the openings in the flanges, in combination with an igniting valve having a recess
in which said burner is located and a recess or recesses extending therefrom,
substantially as described.
36 A burner provided with a hollow stud through which the burning fluid is
supplied, and discs with flanges having small openings located thereon, said stud
being perforated between said discs, and said perforations being less in area than
the openings in said flanges, and a valve for controlling the flow of said fluid
through said stud, in combination with a igniting valve having a recess in which
said burner is located and a recess or recesses which entend therefrom, substantially
as described.
37. In a gas engine the combination, with a port 28 or 29 communicating with
the interior of the power cylinder, of an igniting valve 54 or 55, having a port
or ports 30 or 31, or 136, communicating directly with the flame of an igniting
burner, and arranged to be brought into communication with said port 28 or 29,
to fire the charge, said ports being made of different form so as to prevent a too
rapid opening of communication between the two, substantially as described.
38 In a gas engine the combination, with a port 28 or 29 communicating with
the interior of the power cylinder, of an igniting valve, 54 or 55, having a port
or ports 30 or 31, or 136, communicating with the flame of an igniting burner and
arranged to be brought into communication with said port, 28 or 29, to fire the
charge, one of said ports being of polygonal and the other of rhomboidal form,
substantially as described.
39. In a gas engine, the induction valve, 121, provided with oil chambers at its
opposite ends, said chambers having ports, 2, through which the oil is supplied to
the bearings of the valve, substantially as described.
40. In a gas engine, the induction valve, 121, provided with oil chambers at its
opposite ends and having the openings 75, 1, and valve rod, 74, by which the oil
is supplied from one chamber to the other, substantially as described.
41. In a gas engine, an oil cup 76 or 77, the stem of which is provided with 'a
check valve 80 and communicates with a passage through which the explosive
mixture: passes in entering the power cylinder, substantially as described.
42 In a gas engine, the combination, with the power cylinder having its exhaust
opening at or near the middle of its length, of a power piston provided with an
annular air chamber which is brought, into communication with the exhaust opening
as the piston reciprocates, substantially as described.
43. The combination, with the cylinder of a gas engine, of means substantially
as describer, which will open by the force of the explosion of the explosive mixture
in the cylinder and not by the compression of said mixture, to clean the cylinder.
44. The combination, with the cylinder of a gas engine, of a cleaning pipe and
valve controlling the same, constructed so that said valve will open by the force of
the explosion of the mixture in the cylinder, and not by the compression of said
mixture, to clean the cylinder, substantially as described.
45. The combination, with the cylinder of a gas engine, of a pipe, 143, a
differential valve 141, 142, and means for preventing the action of said valve
except when the cylinder is to be cleared out, substantially as described.
46. The combination, with the cylinder of a gas engine, of a pipe as, 143, a
differential valve as, 141, 142, and a cock as, 146, substantially as described.
Dated this 23rd day of September 1884.