Improvements in and relating to Steam Generators, and Furnaces therefor.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Feb., 1894
Complete Specification Left 6th Nov.. 1894-Accepted, 23rd Feb., 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Steam Generators, and Furnaces
therefor.
I, PAUL DOUDART DE LA GRÉE, of 95 Boulevard Beaumarchais, Paris, in the
Republic of France, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
My invention relates to steam generators and comprises an improved com-
bination of means enabling me to obtain generators which are as much as possible
reduced in weight and volume with a view to their application to velocipedes,.
carriages, boats, flying machines and the like.
The principal and essential part of this combination lies in the mode of heating.
It is desirable to devise a portable furnace concentrating a considerable energy
upon very small surfaces and thus distributing the heat in a manner so to speak
independent of the heating surface. Moreover it is needful that this furnace shall
provide for a perfect and continuous regularity, that it shall be furnished with
a governor enabling it to be always kept under control and its intensity to be
instantly varied from the maximum to the minimum, permitting the same if
necessary to be actuated automatically by the motor. It is also requisite that
the furnace shall burn a fuel which may easily be procured anywhere.
The furnace which I employ and by which these conditions are fulfilled is one
with intense burners consuming spirit or petroleum or any other vapourized liquid
or permanent gas and constituted by elements of soldering lamp burners, united in
groups of any number, the whole of these groups being subjected to the same mode
of feed and regulation.
I will hereinafter describe it in its details.
In order to make judicious use of this mode of heating, the characteristic
feature of which consists in being intense and regulated and enabling the heat
produced by each burner to be concentrated on the same point, it is necessary to
construct the generator so as to constitute two parts communicating with each
other. One part, which may be regarded so to speak as the article to be soldered,
receives the jets directly from the burners of the furnace at a distance where it
will collect the whole of their intensity, while the other part is designed solely for
collecting laterally along the path followed by the jets of flame, and without
restricting their current, the radiating heat which is disengaged therefrom in their
passage.
It is particularly the combination of this intense furnace, submitted as hereinafter
set forth to a single regulation, consuming petroleum or other combustible liquid,
with an appropriate boiler which forms the chief feature of this invention.
This combination remains the same irrespective of the nature of the generator
employed, whether use be made of a generator containing permanently a reserve
of liquid subjected to heat or whether a generator for instantaneous vapourization.
be employed.
In order that the nature of my invention may be easily understood I will
proceed to describe several examples of the application of this combination to
generators of these two categories.
The furnace, which forms one of the parts of the said combination, has a.
multiplicity of parallel or divergent burners, and a single mode of regulation and
food is emblazed

page_text: This furnace as before stated is constituted by elements consisting of soldering
lamp burners. But, and this is the characteristic feature of the furnace, the said
burners are united in such numbers as to produce the desired force, and the
whole of the group is submitted to the same mode of feed and regulation, the
regulation of intensity being obtained at the same time for all the burners or,
according to their number, for each group of burners, by the operation of a
single part or connected parts and so that this operation may be effected by
hand or that it may be controlled by the generator through the intervention
of a special governor.
The governor may be arranged so as never to extinguish the furnace which it
only causes to burn very little and in this case the limited position of the governor
is regulated in such a manner that it corresponds to the minimum of heat which
the furnace may supply without being extinguished. It is then necessary to have
at disposal a second cock enabling the furnace to be extinguished by completely
-closing the communication. The second cock may be actuated by a rod the
extremity-of which is placed within reach of the operator.
In this furnace the spirit or other liquid used may be conducted from an upper
reservoir into the lower feed chamber.
This arrangement necessitates the heating of the upper reservoir in order that
the pressure in the latter may be sufficient for causing the circulation of the
liquid; this is a complication which does not exist when a single reservoir is
employed the upper part of which form the vapour or gas chamber, from which
extend the tubes leading to the several burners.
As will be readily understood, and as is moreover the case in soldering lamps,
the burners become rapidly heated in contact with the flames produced by the
combustion of the gases or vapours and by conductibility this raised temperature
of the burners is transmitted to the lower reservoir which is heated together with
the liquid it contains, which then generates a quantity of vapours sufficient for
always maintaining the pressure necessary for the proper operation of the lamp.
This holds good for reservoirs of sufficiently small dimensions, but if a reservoir
of greater dimensions must be employed the increased temperature of this reservoir,
due by conductibility to the heating of the burners, is not sufficient for always
keeping up the desired pressure in the reservoir. From this results that as the
pressure gradually diminishes the burners will be lowered and may even be
completely extinguished. In order to remedy this inconvenience the reservoir
may be heated either by means of any auxiliary source of heat independent of the
lamp, or by the aid of a supplementary burner supplied by the reservoir, but in
these two cases such sources of heat necessitate a continued watching and
manipulation which complicate the operation of the apparatus.
With a view to suppressing these complications I may employ a supplementary
burner which is lighted and extinguisbed automatically at the desired moment.
Between the burners which constitute my lamp proper I arrange an inclined
burner connected to the vapour chamber by a pipe. This burner has such an
inclination that the jet of flames which it produces will be directed into a tube
which extends into the interior of the reservoir. The said tube is then bent for
enabling the gases produced by the combustion to leave. The inclined burner
must be lighted only when the pressure in the reservoir is no longer sufficient
for imparting to the flames of the burners the desired intensity for heating
the generator, and it must be extinguished when the pressure in the reservoir
has become sufficient for the proper operation of the burners of the furnace.
For lighting and extinguishing this regulating burner automatically the
inclined burner is connected to the vapour chamber by a pipe which terininates
in the vapour chamber at any point." At the orifice of this pipe is a small
valve which can slide along grooves so as to cover or uncover the said orifice.
This slide valve is connected to a rod secured to another rod performing the
part of a piston which is adapted to be displaced in a cylinder. Between the
bottom of this cylinder and the said rod or piston is inserted a spring of such

page_text: power that it resists the pressure of the vapour in the chamber and consequently
the pressure of the vapour upon the front face of the rod or piston while the
latter has not reached a certain value corresponding to the proper operation
of the burners. When the vapour has attained this pressure the spring yields,
the rod or piston is displaced, carrying away the slide valve which will cover
the said orifice, and the vapour discontinues to arrive at the inclined burner
so that the latter is extinguished.
After the operation has proceeded for a certain time the pressure diminishes in
the reservoir, the aforesaid spring compels the rod or piston to move in the
opposite direction, the orifice of the pipe is uncovered by the slide valve, and
the vapour arrives at the inclined burner where it is lighted, according to the
spirit employed, either by reason of the short distance between the extremity of
the regulating burner and that of one of the burners of the furnace, or by means
of a small tube which conducts to one of the burners of the furnace a portion of
the vapours which escape from the inclined burner or by means of a small lamp or
else by means of any known lighting device.
The increase of temperature of the reservoir, due to the inclined burner, causes
the pressure to rise until it has attained a sufficient force for overcoming the
resistance of the spring and closing the before-mentioned orifice.
It is evident that the device just described can operate only with a rod or piston
preventing in an absolute manner the arrival of vapour in the chamber containing
the spring, otherwise this steam would establish a counter-pressure which would
injuriously affect the operation of the device.
In practice the rod of the piston may be adapted to slide in a stuffing box, but,
as is well known, it is very difficult to obtain a mounting perfect enough for
completely preventing the vapour from passing round the rod of the piston, and
a small quantity of vapour is liable to pass into the chamber containing the spring
and gradually establish the counter-pressure before alluded to.
A first means for remedying this inconvenience consists in putting the chamber
enclosing the spring in communication with the chamber of the furnace by means
of a small orifice from which leaves a tube conducting the vapour to the chamber
of the furnace at a point where its combustion is still useful without however
finding a counter-pressure therein.
I may also prevent the establishment of the counter-pressure by replacing the
metallic spring by a block of compressible material filling exactly the cylinder so
as to leave no space for the vapour. If the compressible material is susceptible
of being attacked by the vapour I interpose between the bottom of the piston rod
and this compressible material a washer or disc of inattackable material.
A third means which I consider very practical consists in surrounding the rear
extremity of the piston rod with an envelope of flexible material, such as gold-
beater's skin, bladder, indiarubber or the like, the edges of the said envelope being
fixed by any suitable means to the side of the cylinder to form a joint. A passage
puts the vapour chamber in communication with the chamber constituted by the
gold-beater's skin or the like so as to obtain an equal pressure in these two
chambers; the vapour acting in the chamber for the gold-beater's skin or the like
acts against the concave surface terminating the rod or piston which performs here
especially the part of a guide, and if this pressure is greater than the power of
the spring the said concave surface of the piston will be displaced, compressing
the spring, and the slide valve fixed to the rod or piston will close the aforesaid
orifice. When the pressure in the vapour chamber is sufficiently lowered the said
spring will carry it away, will move the rod or piston back to the original position,
and the slide valve will uncover the orifice as before.
From this arrangement it is seen that all communication between the chamber
containing the spring and the vapour chamber will be intercepted, and that the
action of the spring and of the slide valve will take place without any fatigue.
Whatever may be the means employed (spring, block of compressible material,
envelope of gold-beater's skin or any other means than the three mentioned by

page_text: way of example) I can regulate the resistance offered by these parts to the action
of the vapour and consequently regulate the maximum and minimum pressures in
the reservoir by screwing a bottom or cap more or less upon the cylinder.
The heating burner may extend from the middle of the burners of the furnace
and placed above the lamp. My automatic regulating device may also be applied
to one or more regulating burners extending from any point of this reservoir for
acting at any point of this same reservoir. The lighting may if necessary be
produced by means of a small lamp.
1 may obtain the pressure which actuates the metallic or other spring from the
vapour chamber, or place this part at any point of the reservoir, even at a point
where the non-vaporized liquid is to be found, the pressure being adapted to play
the same part.
The two parts of the combination being the generator and the furnace which,
as stated, may be formed of one or more groups of intense burners, I will give, as
examples of carrying out my combination, generators with a furnace formed of one
or more groups of intense burners and dividing moreover the generators into two
classes, namely, generators with a reserve of liquid submitted to heat, and
generators for instantaneous vaporization.
A generator having a reserve of liquid submitted to heating, and a furnace
formed by a single group of intense burners is arranged, conformably to the
principle of the combination which have set forth, so as to receive directly and
normally the jets of flame projected at the maximum point of their intensity while
collecting in their passage the radiating heat which is disengaged from the lighted
current.
The radiating heat from the burners is collected in heating tubes the length
of which is such that there is left to the flame, after it has passed them, intensity
enough to furnish a violent jet impinging against a cap of concave form, which
completes the collection of the heat of the lighted gases and only supplies burnt
gases.
This cap, the form of which is adapted to the number and position of the
burners in order that the return current of the gas may not interfere with the
combustion, performs so to speak the part of articles to be soldered upon which
the greatest part of the heat is concentrated, and the tubes are here in reality
used only so as not to lose the heat radiating at the circumference of the jet which
the soldering lamp projects upon the article.
The furnace of this generator is formed of a group of five burners submitted
to the action of a single governor actuated by the generator.
This latter is divided into two chambers connected by a number of tubes enabling
the liquid to circulate from one chamber to the other. As this communication
may be insufficient or difficult to provide I may substitute for them or adjoin
to them one or more other communications through small tubes away from the heat.
A horizontal flap valve of suitable construction receives the shocks resulting from
the ebullitions and prevents the projection of water into the upper part of the
boiler. If the height of the generator increases, the flap valve may be dispensed
with. The upper part thus separated constitutes a small steam reservoir, where
are placed, in communication with the feed and the steam pipe, a crown provided
with numerous saw cuts, and a pipe for the water gauge.
A circular envelope effects the return of the heat all round the generator for
conducting the gases to the chimney.
In other generators heated by furnaces with a single group of burners the
products of combustion, instead of escaping freely, leave through an orifice in the
upper part of the generators.
The outlet for the products of combustion may also be provided on one of the
sides in lieu of being arranged at the centre.
I may give to the cap, against which the jets impinge, more or less depth or
curve according to the intensity of the jets or, if its dimensions require it, use
several small receiving caps performing each the same part and provide, if

page_text: necessary, either across the single cap of large size, or between the small caps,
passages for the outflow of the products of combustion. I may also substitute
for the tubes which surround the jets, in order to collect the radiating heat, a
double cylinder surrounding the whole of the jets instead the latter being
surrounded separately.
These several arrangements are all based upon the same principle, that is to say,
a union of soldering lamp burners constituting a group submitted to a single mode
of feed and regulation, projecting their heat violently upon a limited part of the
generator which receives the jet directly in its full intensity, and another part of
which, connected with the latter, collects only in the passage the heat which is
lost by radiation.
I may also employ a generator with a furnace formed by the union of several
groups of intense burners.
In the before-described arrangements the burners are grouped in series of five
and the flames coming from the burners traverse vertical tubes and heat by
radiation the lower part of the generator; then they impinge violently against the
bottom of the upper part. In order to obtain the greatest effect and to concentrate
the action of the furnace I have provided at the bottom of the upper part twelve
small domes with a circular groove, each of which is subjected to the action of a
group of five burners. I may arrange the burners otherwise and form a dome
either above each of them or above any number according to the dimensions of
the boiler and the number of burners.
The products of combustion pass through a central tube and through a casing
into the chimney; the return of the flame towards the lower part of the generator
is obviated by the interposition of a plate.
The upper and lower parts of the generator are connected by a series of
communicating tubes.
At any point of the generator I arrange a governor which acts upon the burners
of the furnace so as to regulate the feed and consequently the intensity of the
burners according to the pressure of the boiler.
The distance at which the caps or domes should be from the starting points of
the various jets has heretofore been determined only by experience; it varies
according to the maximum intensity given to the jet, and is always comprised
within very small limits.
The burners of the generator before described in this example are arranged in
a circle, but in certain cases, and for facilitating the watching, may arrange
them in a straight line in one or more rows or in any other manner adapted to
the circumstances.
I have chosen this example in order to set forth a composition of elements
already tried separately, and to show the reduced dimensions which may be
obtained with the principle of my combination. For example the union.of twelve
groups of five having about 50 centimetres in diameter by 30 centimetres in
height will give from 7 to 8 horse-power.
The generator for instantaneous vaporization which I employ may possess a
furnace formed by a single group of burners.
One arrangement of this generator has a serpentine which first describes round
the furnace constituted by a group of five burners several convolutions so as to
surround the jet from the burners at their departure and to collect the radiating
heat of the same. After leaving an interval for facilitating the outlet of the
combined gases the serpentine is then continued in such a manner as to form a kind
of groove against which will impinge the flames coming from the burners of the
furnace which are arranged in a circle. This part of the generator, as in the
preceding applications, therefore plays the part of an article to be soldered upon
which the force of the burners is concentrated.
This serpentine having practically the same form in the system of boiler with
a reserve of liquid as herein before described is thus simply substituted for it.
In another arrangement of a generator for instantaneous vaporization, I use

page_text: partly a serpentine and partly obstructions arranged on the same principle, the
furnace being likewise formed by a single group of burners.
The obstructions are arranged so as to receive the violent jet of flames from
the furnace. The obstructing tubes are slightly curved upon their length to
form a dome. These obstructions play the part of the cap whose general form they
assume. Thus they constitute one of the parts of the generator.
The other part designed to collect the radiating heat at the departure from the
burners is constituted by a serpentine performing the part of a cylinder which
surrounds the jets, and this serpentine is continued by the obstructions which
are only the prolongation thereof.
The generator for instantaneous vaporization may have a furnace formed of
several groups of burners, for instance twelve groups of five hurners each. As
in the preceding examples such a generator may comprise an upper and a lower
part, the latter part being heated by radiation and the upper part forming a
groove which receives directly the action of the jets coming from the several burner.
In this case the lower part comprises twelve vertical conduits formed by the
winding of the same tube. When the winding of this part of the boiler has been
effected the tube continues as a helix, so as to leave a certain interval between
the upper and lower part. I then form the upper part of the generator with
the same tube so as to produce a circular groove submitted directly to the action
of the jets and constituting so to speak the article to be soldered.
In another arrangement of the generator for instantaneous vaporization the
lower part is formed by a serpentine which describes round the furnace a certain
number of helices wound in a special way.
These helices completely surround to the desired distance the jets from the burners
and collect the radiating heat in their passage.
The upper part of the generator is formed by helices wound to the form of a
cap and is united with the lower part through the interior by means of a
continuation and the mode of winding of the serpentine itself.
The interval separating the two parts at the periphery serves for the escape of
the burnt gases.
.
The water arrives through an admission pipe, rises in an inclined part of the
helix and passes in its upward movement in a curve to a point which is so to speak
the first stage relatively to the admission pipe.
From the said point it continues in a horizontal part forming a large curve at
this stage and then commences a fresh ascent to the second stage.
Having arrived below the aforesaid point it flows in a second horizontal part
provided above the preceding one and thus passes successively through two more
ascending parts and two horizontal parts. After the last horizontal part it follows
a number of interior helices which continue without further horizontal parts. By
means of this central part it reaches the cap through which it passes following the
helices wound one upon the other in a special manner, and finally escapes on one
side to the apparatus through a pipe, having become vaporized during its passage.
In order to obtain a very considerable augmentation of the vaporizing surface
with the same dimensions and the same weight I may employ a turban which,
instead of being produced by the winding of helices, consists of a chamber having
the same exterior conformation as a turban when wound, but in which the capillary
passage of the water to be vaporized or the steam is obtained by means of a
partition which may have any desired sinuosities in the form of snails, zig-zags,
concentric circles, superposed discs if it is desired to have layers parallel to the
lower wall of the turban, or the like, thus being in a medium submitted to the
same pressure; I may effect this separation by a thin partition, whilst an absolute
tightness at the points of contact of the partitions with the chamber is not
required. The sides of the chamber must however be of the thickness necessary
for resisting the pressures which prevail in the generator.
The last exterior helix of the generator, instead of being vertical, is slightly
inclined so as to constitute a sort of collar.

page_text: From the collar, in lieu of rising to form the cap the tube assumes a round.
section and passes into the cap through an adjutage.
The metallic envelope employed has the same form as that represented by the
exterior outline of the helices in the case of a cap obtained by winding.
This envelope is made of two parts, a bottom part which is connected with the
vertical lateral wall, and a cover which is screwed upon the vertical wall. In
the interior of the envelope are a series of concentric partitions which are held by
any suitable means on the cue hand upon the interior face of the cover and on the
other hand upon the bottom.
Upon the interior face of the bottom and also upon the interior face of the
cover may be a series of stairs whose steps which correspond to each other permit
of the very exact regulation of the constant distance which must be between two
consecutive partitions.
In lieu of connecting the partitions to the bottom and cover by a suitable
means they may also be obtained by making them of cast metal or by hollowing
out this partition in the lathe half upon a block which becomes the cover and
half upon another block which becomes the bottom, or by combining the latter
mode with that of connecting a portion of the partitions.
From the collar the steam passes through a conduit and an inlet orifice between
the vertical wall of the cap and the first partition; from the inlet orifice in the
cap the steam or the water passes on each. side round the first partition and
arrives at a point diametrically opposite to the inlet orifice; there it is conducted
through an orifice between the first and the second partition; it returns, passing
round the second partition, to a point diametrically opposite to the inlet orifice,
and is conducted through an inlet orifice between the second and the third partition;
thus it passes successively from the partition nearest to the lateral wall into the
interior partition and thence leaves the generator through a conduit which,
traversing the cover, begins in the central partition and may if necessary serve as
a stay for the cap if the diameter of the latter requires it.
As will be seen the partitioning has the effect of transmitting immediately in
the whole interior of this cap to the capillary layers of liquid the intense heat
which is imparted by the furnace to the bottom of the cap.
For connecting the cap with the collar the inclined tube which constitutes the
collar immediately assumes a round section and rising vertically extends into a
part connected to the lateral wall of the cap; this vertical part of the tube
constituting the generator may be utilized for placing therein the device for
automatically regulating the inlet of the water into the generator.
The vertical tube is connected with the cap by a horizontal slit.
I may
I may employ any suitable means for the manufacture of the partitioned cap
before described, and for the mode of fixing the partitions on the one hand to the
bottom of the cap and on the other hand to the interior face of the cover.
also arrange the partitions parallel to the upper and lower faces of the cap for
constituting parallel layers of liquid or steam.
The orifices which enable the steam or the water to traverse the several passages
in the cap do not extend over the entire length of each of the partitions while
having a sufficient section so as not to lessen too much the resistance of each of
these partitions.
It will be understood that this new arrangement of cap with partitions, with the
object of augmenting the vaporizing surface, can be used irrespective of the mode
of winding of the helices composing the lower part of the generator.
I have herein before described the furnace as being constituted by burners
projecting in circular columns the intense jet which will thus impinge against the
cap according to practically circular projections in which the centres of intensity
are in some sort a series of points placed at certain distances from each other.
For regulating the action of the intense jet upon the cap I may give the jets of flames,
by arranging the burners for this purpose, the form of an arc of a circle so that the
centre of intensity may be replaced by a sort of line of intensity for each burner.

page_text: Experience has shown that the operation of these generators will be the better-
the thinner the metal. I have thus been led to employ tubes of smaller ant
smaller diameter and thickness.
I have finally constituted each element of a generator by a bundle of small
cylindrical tubes having a sufficiently small interior diameter to answer the
requirements of instantaneous vaporization combined with the discharge from and
arrival in a single tube and which are turned together round moulds or mandrels
to assume the form adapted to the principle herein before set forth.
By reason of this combination the whole first part of the generator (that which
collects the radiating heat of the intense jets) may be of less thickness than the
second part of this generator (that which receives directly the intense jet and is
called turban). For this purpose it is sufficient to constitute the ascensional part
by arranging the tubes parallel one to the other, or two or more to one another
according to circumstances, and to constitute the turban by twisting the small tubes
two and two, three and three or more according to the height to be given to
this turban; these twisted tubes are then wound one round the other as in the case
of flattened tubes.
I may of course constitute these bundles with any kind of cylindrical or other
form of vaporizing tubes whatever may be the dimensions and thickness.
The combination which I have just set forth affords the double advantage of
enabling very light generators to be obtained while preserving the same section of
passage and diminishing the length of the passage, which reduces the losses
of charge and leaves the benefit of the vaporizing surfaces. The instantaneous
heating gains thereby and I pass the liquid as it were into the flame almost
without any intermediary.
In order not to lose any part of the radiating heat I may provide another stage
above the two which I have described. This last stage gradually becomes wider
so as to mask upon the side the interval provided for the escape of the gases while
leaving a sufficient passage between itself and the lower extremity of the turban.
Dated this 24th day of February 1894.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.
Improvements in and relating to Steam Generators, and Furnaces
therefor.
I, PAUL DOUDART DE LA GRÉE, of 95 Boulevard Beaumarchais, Paris, in
the Republic of France, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :―
My invention relates to steam generators and comprises an improved combination
of means enabling me to obtain generators which are as much as possible reduced
in weight and volume with a view to their application to velocipedes, carriages,
boats, flying machines and the like.
The principal and essential part of this combination lies in the mode of heating.
It is desirable to devise a portable furnace concentrating a considerable energy
upon very small surfaces and thus distributing the heat in a manner so to speak
independent of the heating surface. Moreover it is needful that this furnace shall
provide for a perfect and continuous regularity, that it shall be furnished with a
governor enabling it to be always kept under control and its intensity to le
instantly varied from the maximum to the minimum, permitting the same if
necessary to be actuated automatically by the motor. It is also requisite that tl.e
furnace shall burn a fuel which may easily be procured anywhere.

page_text: The furnace which I employ and by which these conditions are fulfilled is one
with intense burners consuming spirit or petroleum or any other vapourized liquid
or permanent gas and constituted by elements of soldering lamp burners, united in.
groups of any number, the whole of these groups being subjected to the same mode
of feed and regulation.
I will hereinafter describe it in detail.
In order to make judicious use of this mode of heating, the characteristic feature
of which consists in being intense and regulated and enabling the heat produced by
each burner to be concentrated on the same point, it is necessary to construct the
generator so as to constitute two parts communicating with each other. One part,,
which may be regarded so to speak as the article to be soldered, receives the jets
directly from the burners of the furnace at a distance where it will collect the
whole of their intensity, while the other part is designed solely for collecting
laterally along the path followed by the jets of flame, and without restricting their
current, the radiating heat which is disengaged therefrom in their passage.
It is particularly the combination of this intense furnace submitted as hereinafter
set forth to a single regulation, consuming petroleum or other combustible liquid,
with an appropriate boiler which forms the chief feature of this invention.
This combination remains the same irrespective of the nature of the generator
employed, whether use be made of a generator containing permanently a reserve of
liquid subjected to heat or whether a generator for instantaneous vapourization be
employed.
In order that the nature of my invention may be easily understood I will proceed
to describe several examples of the application of this combination to generators of
these two categories.
In the accompanying drawings
Figure 1 represents a combination of burners forming a generator or furnace
constructed according to my invention.
Figures 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 show an arrangement by which I am enabled to realize
the automatic operation for maintaining the reservoir under pressure.
Figure 2 is a front view.
Figure 3 a plan of the furnace with its reservoir.
Figure 4 is an elevation partly in section on the line 1-2 of Figure 3 drawn to
an enlarged scale and showing the arrangement of the regulating burner.
Figure 5 is a section of the obturating slide valve on the line 3-4 of
Figure 4.
Figure 6 represents a modification of the arrangement of the parts which act
upon the obturating slide valve.
Figure 7 shows a modified form of generator and furnace.
Figure 8 is an horizontal section of the same the bottom half being taken on the
line A B and the top half on the line C D of Figure 7.
Figures 9 and 10 show generators with a single group of burners.
Figures 11, 12 and 13 show a generator in which several groups of burners are
employed.
Figures 14, 14 and 15 show a generator for instantaneous vapourization having
a furnace formed by a single group of burners.
Figure 15 shows a modified arrangement of generator for instantaneous
vapourization.
Figures 16 and 17 show an arrangement in which twelve groups of burners are
used arranged in a circle.
Figures 18 and 19 show another arrangement of generator with tubes coiled in a
peculiar manner and
Figures 20, 21 and 22 show a still further modified form of generator.
The furnace, shown in Figure 1 which forms one of the parts of the said com-
bination, has a multiplicity of parallel or divergent burners, and a single mode of
regulation and feed is employed.
This furnace as before stated is constituted by elements consisting of soldering
;

page_text: lamp burners B. But, and this is the characteristic feature of the furnace, the said
burners are united in such numbers as to produce the desired force, and the whole
of the group is submitted to the same mode of feed and regulation, the regulation
of intensity being obtained at the same time for all the burners or, according to
their number, for each group of burners, by the operation of a single part or
connected parts and so that this operation may be effected by hand or that it may
be controlled by the generator through the intervention of a special governor.
The governor may be arranged so as never to extinguish the furnace which it
only causes to burn very little and in this case the limited position of the governor
is regulated in such a manner that it corresponds to the minimum of heat which the
furnace may supply without being extinguished. It is then necessary to have at
disposal a second cock F* enabling the furnace to be extinguished by completely
closing the communication. The second cock F* may be actuated by a rod f* the
extremity of which is placed within reach of the operator.
In this furnace the spirit or other liquid used may be conducted from an upper
reservoir into the lower feed chamber C through a pipe D*.
This arrangement necessitates the heating of the upper reservoir in order that the
pressure in the latter may be sufficient for causing the circulation of the liquid;
this is a complication which does not exist when a single reservoir is employed the
upper part of which forms the vapour or gas chamber, from which extend the tubes
leading to the several burners.
As will be readily understood, and as is moreover the case in soldering lamps,
the burners B become rapidly heated in contact with the flames produced by the
combustion of the gases or vapours and by conductibility this raised temperature of
the burners B is transmitted to the lower reservoir which is heated together
with the liquid it contains which then generates a quantity of vapours sufficient for
always maintaining the pressure necessary for the proper operation of the lamp.
This holds good for reservoirs of sufficiently small dimensions, but if a reservoir
of greater dimensions must be employed the increased temperature of this reservoir,
due by conductibility to the heating of the burners, is not sufficient for always
keeping up the desired pressure in the reservoir. From this results that as the
pressure gradually diminishes the burners B will be lowered and may even be
completely extinguished. In order to remedy this inconvenience the reservoir may
Le heated either by means of any auxiliary source of heat independent of the lamp,
or by the aid of a supplementary burner supplied by the reservoir, but in these
two cases such sources of heat necessitate a continual watching and manipulation
which complicate the operation of the apparatus.
With a view to suppressing these complications I may employ a supplementary
burner which is lighted and extinguished automatically at the desired moment.
Between the burners B which constitute my lamp proper I arrange an inclined
burner C connected to the vapour chamber by a pipe c. This burner has such an
inclination that the jet of flames which it produces will be directed into a tube D
which extends into the interior of the reservoir A. The said tube D is then bent
as shown in Figure 2 for enabling the gases produced by the combustion to leave.
The inclined burner C must be lighted only when the pressure in the reservoir is
no longer sufficient for imparting to the flames of the burners the desired intensity
for heating the generator, and it must be extinguished when the pressure in the
reservoir has become sufficient for the proper operation of the burners of the
furnace.
For lighting and extinguishing this regulating burner automatically the inclined
burner is connected to the vapour chamber by a pipe e which terminates in the
vapour chamber at any point; for example at E. At this orifice is arranged a
small valve e which is adapted to slide along the grooves f so as to cover or uncover
the said orifice E. This slide valve e is connected to a rod g secured to another
rod performing the part of a piston h which is adapted to be displaced in a
cylinder i. Between the bottom of this cylinder i and the said rod or piston h is
inserted a spring of such power that it resists the pressure of the vapour in the

page_text: chamber and consequently the pressure of the vapour upon the front face of the rod
or piston while the latter has not reached a certain valve corresponding to the
proper operation of the burners. When the vapour has attained this pressure the
spring yields, the rod or piston is displaced, operating the slide valve which will
over the said orifice E, and the vapour discontinues to arrive at the inclined
burner C so that the latter is extinguished.
After the operation has proceeded for a certain time the pressure diminishes in
the reservoir, the aforesaid spring compels the rod or piston to move in the
opposite direction, the orifice E of the pipe c is uncovered by the slide valve e, and
the vapour arrives at the inclined burner C where it is lighted, according to the
spirit employed, either by reason of the short distance between the extremity of
the regulating burner and that of one of the burners of the furnace, or by means of
a small tube m which conducts to one of the burners of the furnace a portion of the
vapours which escape from the inclined burner C, or by means of a small lamp, or
else by means of any known lighting device.
The increase of temperature of the reservoir, due to the inclined burner C,
causes the pressure to rise until it has attained a sufficient force for overcoming the
resistance of the spring and closing the before-mentioned orifice E.
It is evident that the device just described can operate only with a rod or piston
preventing in an absolute manner the arrival of vapour in the chamber containing
the spring, otherwise this steam would establish a counter-pressure which would
injuriously affect the operation of the device.
In practice the rod of the piston may be adapted to slide in a stuffing box, but,
as is well known, it is very difficult to obtain a, mounting perfect enough for
completely preventing the vapour from passing round the rod of the piston and a
small quantity of vapour is liable to pass into the chamber containing the spring
and gradually establish the counter-pressure before alluded to.
A first means for remedying this inconvenience consists in putting the chamber
enclosing the spring in communication with the chamber of the furnace by means of
a small orifice e from which leaves a tube y conducting the vapour to the chamber
of the furnace at a point where its combustion is still useful without however finding.
a counter-pressure therein.
I may also prevent the establishment of the counter-pressure by replacing the
metallic spring by a block of compressible material filling exactly the cylinder so
as to leave no space for the vapour. If the compressible material is susceptible of
being attacked by the vapour f interpose between the bottom of the piston rod and
this compressible material a washer or disc of inattackable material.
I
A third means which I consider very practical is represented in Figure 6, it
consists in surrounding the rear extremity of the piston rod with an envelope of
flexible material, such as gold-beater's skin, bladder, india-rubber or the like, the
edges of the said envelope being fixed by any suitable means to the side of the
cylinder to form a joint. A passage R puts the vapour chamber in communication
with the chamber formed by the gold-beater's skin or the like so as to obtain an
equal pressure in these two chambers; the vapour in the chamber formed by the
gold-beater's skin or the like acts against the concave surface S terminating the
rod or piston which performs here especially the part of a guide, and if this pressure
is greater than the power of the spring the said concave surface S of the piston
will be displaced, compressing the spring and the slide valve fixed to the rod or
piston will close the aforesaid orifice E. When the pressure in the vapour
chamber is sufficiently lowered the said spring will carry it away, will move the
rod or piston back to the original position, and the slide valve will uncover the
orifice E as before.
From this arrangement it is seen that all communication between the chamber
containing the spring and the vapour chamber will be intercepted, and that the
action of the spring and of the slide valve will take place without any fatigue.
Whatever may be the means employed, (spring, block of compressible material,
envelope of gold-beater's skin or any other means than these three mentioned by

page_text: .
way of example) I can regulate the resistance offered by these parts to the action
of the vapour and consequently regulate the maximum and minimum pressures in
the reservoir by screwing a cap or end piece P upon the cylinder, as shown in the
drawing.
In this description I have described a heating burner extending from the middle
of the burners of the furnace and placed above the lamp. It will be understood
that this is only given as an example, and that my automatic regulating device
may also be applied to one or more regulating burners extending from any point of
this reservoir for acting at any point of this same reservoir. The lighting may if
necessary be produced by means of a small lamp.
As will be seen from the drawing the pressure which actuates the metallic or
other spring is obtained from the vapour chamber; but I may place this part at
any point of the reservoir, even at a point where the non-vaporized liquid is to
be found, the pressure being adapted to play the same part.
The two parts of the combination being the generator and the furnace which, as
stated, may be formed of one or more groups of intense burners, I will give, as
examples of carrying out my combination, generators with a furnace formed of one
or more groups of intense burners and dividing moreover the generators into two
classes; namely generators with a reserve of liquid submitted to heat, and generators
for instantaneous vaporization.
A generator having a reserve of liquid submitted to heating, and a furnace
formed by a single group of intense burners is arranged, conformably to the
principle of the combination which I have set forth, so as to receive directly and
normally the jets of flame projected at the maximum point of their intensity while
collecting in their passage the radiating heat which is disengaged from the lighted
current.
The radiating heat from the burners is collected in heating tubes the length of
which is such that there is still left to the flame, after it has passed them, intensity
enough to furnish a violent jet impinging against a cap of concave form, which
completes the collection of the heat of the lighted gases and only supplies burnt
gases.
This cap, the form of which is adapted to the number and position of the burners
in order that the return current of the gas may not interfere with the combustion,
perforins so to speak the part of articles to be soldered upon which the greatest
part of the heat is concentrated, and the tubes are here in reality used only so as
not to lose the heat radiating at the circumference of the jet which the soldering
lamp projects upon the article.
The furnace of this generator is formed of a group of five burners submitted to
the action of a single governor actuated by the generator.
This latter is divided into two chambers connected by a number of tubes H'H"
H111
as shown in Figures 7 and 8 enabling the liquid to circulate from one.
chamber to the other. As this communication may be insufficient or difficult to
provide may substitute for them or adjoin to them one or more other com-
munications through small tubes passing outside the apparatus as shown at R¹ R¹¹
Figure 7.
A horizontal disc or plate P with radial grooves receives the shocks resulting
from the ebullitions and prevents the projection of water into the upper part of
the boiler. If the height of the generator is increased the flap valve may. be
dispensed with. The upper part thus separated constitutes a small steam space or
reservoir, in which is arranged the communication M with the feed and the steam
pipe N¹, a crown provided with numerous saw cuts, and a pipe L for the water
gauge.
At C is a circular envelope which effects the return of the heat all round the
generator for conducting the gases to the chimney.
Figures 9 and 10 show generators heated by furnaces with a single group of
burners. Figure 9 gives an example of the application of our combination to
a generator constructed on the same principle, but in which the products of

page_text: combustion, instead of escaping freely, leave through an orifice in the upper part of
the generator.
The outlet for the products of combustion may also be provided on one of the
sides in lieu of being arranged at the centre.
I may give to the cap, against which the jets impinge, more or less depth or
curve according to the intensity of the jets or, if its dimensions require it, use
several small receiving caps performing each the same part and provide, if
necessary, either across the single cap of large size, or between the small caps,
passages for the outflow of the products of combustion. I may also substitute for
the tubes which surround the jets, in order to collect the radiating heat, a double
cylinder as shown in Figure 10, surrounding the whole of the jets instead of the
latter being surrounded separately.
These several arrangements are all based upon the same principle, that is to say
a union of soldering lamp burners constituting a group submitted to a single mode
of feed and regulation, projecting their heat violently upon a limited part of the
generator which receives the jet directly in its full intensity and another part of
which, connected with the latter, collects only in the passage the heat which is lost
by radiation.
1 may also employ a generator with a furnace formed by the union of several
groups of intense burners as shown in Figures 11, 12, and 13.
In the examples given the burners are grouped in series of five and the flames
coming from the burners traverse vertical tubes and heat by radiation the
lower part B of the generator; they then impinge violently against the bottom of
the upper part. In order to obtain the greatest effect and to concentrate the
action of the furnace 1 have provided at the bottom of the upper part twelve small
domes A with a circular groove, each of which is subjected to the action of a
group of five burners. I may arrange the burners otherwise and form a dome
either above each of them or above any number according to the dimensions of the
boiler and the number of burners.
.
The products of combustion pass through a central tube C¹ and through a
casing D into the chimney E'; the return of the flame towards the lower part of
the generator is obviated by the interposition of a plate H.
The upper and lower parts of the generator are connected by a series of
communicating tubes A2 in the generator represented in the drawings and arranged
on each side of the domes, as indicated in Figure 12 which is a view from below of
the part A' of the generator. At any point of the generator 1. arrange a governor
which acts upon the burners of the furnace so as to regulate the feed and
consequently the intensity of the burners according to the pressure of the boiler.
The distance at which the caps or donies should be from the starting points of
the various jets has heretofore been determined only by experience; it varies
according to the maximum intensity given to the jet, and is always comprised
within very small limits.
The burners of the generator before described in this example are arranged in a
circle, but in certain cases, and for facilitating the watching, I may arrange them
in a straight line in one or more rows or in any other manner adapted to the
circumstances.
I have chosen this example in order to set forth a composition of elements
already tried separately, and to show the reduced dimensions which may be
obtained with the principle of my combination. For example the union of twelve
groups of five having about 50 centimetres in diameter by 30 centimetres in height
will give from 7 to 8 horse-power.
The generators for instantaneous vaporization which I employ may possess a
furnace formed by a single group of burners as shown in Figures 14 and 14*.
This generator is formed of a serpentine which first describes round the furnace
constituted by a group of five burners several convolutions so as to surround the
jet from the burners at their departure and to collect the radiating heat of the
same. After leaving an interval for facilitating the outlet of the combined gases

page_text: the serpentine is then continued in such a manner as to form, as shown in Figure 14,
a kind of groove M' against which will impinge the flames coming from the burners
of the furnace which are arranged in a circle. This part of the generator, as in the
preceding applications, therefore plays the part of an article to be soldered upon
which the force of the burners is concentrated.
This serpentine having practically the same form in the system of boiler with a
reserve of liquid as hereinbefore described is thus simply substituted for it.
Figure 15 shows another arrangement of a generator for instantaneous
vaporization, composed partly of a serpentine and partly of obstructing tubes
arranged on the same principle, as shown, the furnace being likewise formed by a
single group of burners.
The obstructions are arranged so as to receive the violent jet of flames from the
furnace. The obstructing tubes are slightly curved upon their length to form a
dome. These obstructing tubes play the part of the cap whose general form they
assume. They thus constitute one of the parts of the generator.
The other part designed to collect the radiating heat at the departure from the
burners is constituted by a serpentine performing the part of a cylinder which
surrounds the jets, and this serpentine is continued by the obstructions which are
only the prolongation thereof.
The generator for instantaneous vapourization may have a furnace formed of
several groups of burners, as represented in Figures 16 and 17 for instance twelve
groups of five burners each. As in the preceding examples such a generator may
comprise an upper part A' and a lower part B, the latter part being heated by
radiation and the upper part A' forming a groove which receives directly the
action of the jets coming from the several burners.
In this case the lower part B¹ comprises twelve vertical conduits formed by the
winding of the same tube. When the winding of this part of the boiler has been
effected the tube continues as a helix so as to leave a certain interval between the
upper part A' and the lower part B¹. I then form the upper part of the generator
with the same tube as indicated in Figure 17 so as to produce a circular groove
submitted directly to the action of the jets and constituting so to speak the article
to be soldered.
In another arrangement of the generator for instantaneous vaporization the
lower part is formed by a serpentine which describes round the furnace a certain
number of helices wound in the manner represented in Figures 18 and 19 of the
drawing.
These helices completely surround to the desired distance the jets from the
burners and collect the radiating heat in their passage.
The upper part of the generator is formed by helices wound to the form of a
cap and is united with the lower part through the interior by means of a continua-
tion and the mode of winding of the serpentine itself.
The internal separating the two parts at the periphery serves for the escape of
the burnt gases.
The water passes through an admission C", rises in an inclined part G of the
helix to the point 2, whence it passes in its upward movement in a curve to a
point M which is so to speak the first stage relatively to the admission pipe C".
From the said point M¹ it continues to flow in an horizontal direction through 3 to
the large curve F and then through 4 to the point N" where it commences a fresh
ascent to the second stage passing the points 5 and 6 and so on up through the tube
forming the coil.
Having arrived below the aforesaid point M" it flows in a second horizontal
part provided above the preceding one, passing through the points 7 and 8 and thus
passes successively through two more ascending parts 9, 10, 13 14 and two
horizontal parts 11-12, 15-16. After the last horizontal part it follows a
number of interior helices 17-18, 19-20, 21-22 which continue without further
horizontal parts. By means of this central part it reaches the cap through which
it passes following the helices wound one upon the other.
It thus passes

page_text: successively to the points 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33 and finally
escapes on one side to the apparatus through a pipe 34, having become vaporizel
during its passage.
In order to obtain a very considerable augmentation of the vaporizing surfare
with the same dimensions and the same weight I may employ a turban the arrange-
ment represented in Figures 20, 21 and 22, which, insteal of being prolucel by
the winding of helices, consists of a chamber having the same exterior conform i--
tion as a turban when wound, but in which the capillary passage of the water to
be vapourized or the steam is obtained by means of a partition which may have
any desired sinuosities (in the form of sunils, zig-zags, concentric circles, superposed
discs if it is desired to have layers parallel to the lower wall of the turban, or the
like), thus being in a medium submitted to the saine pressure; I may effect thi
separation by a thin partition, whilst an absolute tightness at the points of contact
of the partitions with the chamber is not required. The sides of the chamber
must however be of the thickness necessary for resisting the pressures, which
prevail in the generator.
The last exterior helix of the generator, instead of being vertical, is slightly
inclined so as to constitute a sort of collar.
From the collar, in lieu of rising to form the cap the tube assumes a round.
section and passes into the cap through an adjutage or inlet orifice Figs. 20
and 21.
The metallic envelope employed has the form shown in the drawing, Fig. 20
which form is the same as that represented by the exterior outline of the helices in
the case of a cap obtained by winding.
This envelope is made of two parts, a bottom F1 which is connected with the
vertical lateral wall C, and a cover D" which is screwed upon the vertical wall.
In the interior of the envelope are a series of concentric partitions E' which are
held by any suitable means on the one hand upon the interior face of the cover DIL
and on the other hand upon the bottom F'.
In the accompanying drawing I have represented upon the interior face of the.
bottom and also upon the interior face of the cover a series of steps which corre-
spond to each other and permit of the very exact regulation of the constant
distance which must be between two consecutive partitions.
In lieu of connecting the partitions to the bottom and cover by a suitable means
they may also be obtained by making them of cast metal or by hollowing out this
partition in the lathe half upon the block which becomes the cover and half upon
another block which becomes the bottom, or by combining the latter mode with
that of connecting a portion of the partitions.
From the collar the steam passes through a conduit G, and the inlet orifice g'
between the vertical wall C of the cap and the first partition; from the inlet.
orifice g in the cap the steain or the water passes on each side round the first
partition and arrives at a point diametrically opposite to the inlet orifice; there it
is conducted through an orifice g between the first and the second partition; it.
returns, passing round the second partition, to a point diametrically opposite to the
inlet orifice g, and is conducted through an inlet orifice 9 between the second and.
the third partition; thus it passes successively from the partition nearest to the
lateral wall C into the interior partition H and thence leaves the generator
through a conduit I' which, traversing the cover, begins in the central partition H*
and may if necessary serve as a stay for the cap if the diameter of the latter
requires it.
As will be seen the partitioning has the effect of transmitting immediately in
the whole interior of this cap to the capillary layers of liquid the intense heat
which is imparted by the furnace to the bottom of the cap.
For connecting the cap with the collar the inclined tube which constitutes the
collar immediately assumes a round section and rising vertically extends into a
part J connected to the lateral wall of the cap; this vertical part of the tube
constituting the generator may be utilized as shown in the drawing, for placing

page_text: therein the device for antomatically regulating the inlet of the water into the
generator.
The vertical tube is connected with the cap by a horizontal slit which terminates
in the latter at g'.
I may employ any suitable means for the manufacture of the partitioned cap
before described, and for the mode of fixing the partitions on the one hand to the
bottom of the cap and on the other hand to the interior face of the cover.
I may
also arrange the partitions parallel to the upper and lower faces of the cap for
constituting parallel layers of liquid or steam.
The orifices which enable the steam or the water to traverse the several passages
in the cap do not extend over the entire length of each of the partitions while
having a sufficient section so as not to lesson too much the resistance of each of
these partitions. The drawing Figures 20 and 21 shows one arrangement which
may be used for these openings.
It will be understood that this new arrangement of cap with partitions, with the
object of augmenting the vaporizing surface, can be used irrespective of the mode
of winding of the helices composing the lower part of the generator.
I have herein before described the furnace as being constituted by burners
projecting in circular columns the intense jet which will thus impinge against the
cap according to practically circular projections in which the centres of intensity
are in some sort a series of points placed at certain distances from each other.
For regulating the action of the intense jet upon the cap I may give the jets of
flame, by arranging the burners for this purpose, the form of an arc of a circle so
that the centre of intensity may be replaced by a sort of line of intensity for each
burner, all these lines of intensity having the form of arcs of a circle.
Experience bas shown that the operation of these generators will be better the
thinner the metal. I have thus been led to employ tubes of smaller and smaller
diameter and thickness.
I have finally constituted each element of a generator by a bundle of small
cylindrical tubes having a sufficiently small interior diameter to answer the require-
mments of instantaneous vaporization combined with the discharge from and arrival
in a single tube and which are turned together round moulds or mandrels to assume
the form adapted to the principle hereinbefore set forth.
By reason of this combination the whole first part of the generator (that which
collects the radiating heat of the intense jets) may be of less thickness than the
second part of this generator (that which receives directly the intense jet and
which I call "turban"). For this purpose it is sufficient to constitute the ascen-
sional part by arranging the tubes parallel one to the other, or two or more to one
another according to circumstances, and to constitute the turban by twisting the
small tubes two and two, three and three or more according to the height to be
given to this turban; these twisted tubes are then wound one round the other as
in the case of flattened tubes.
I may of course constitute these bundles with any kind of cylindrical or other
form of vaporizing tubes whatever may be the dimensions and thickness.
The combination which I have just set forth affords the double advantage of
enabling very light generators to be obtained while preserving the same section of
passage and diminishing the length of the passage, which reduces the losses
of charge and leaves the benefit of the vaporizing surfaces. The instantaneous
heating gains thereby and I pass the liquid as it were into the flame almost without
any intermediary.
In order not to lose any part of the radiating heat I may provide another stage
above the two which I have described. This last stage gradually becomes wider
so as to mask upon the side the interval provided for the escape of the gases
while leaving a sufficient passage between itself and the lower extremity of the
turban.
I wish it understood that I do not limit myself to the number of groups of
intense burners mentioned in the various examples described, and that this number

page_text: may vary with the importance of the generator, according to its various applications,
either as a fixed generator or as a portable generator for tricycles, quadricycles,
carriages, boats, aërial navigation, and the like.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven--
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what !
claim is :-
First. The combination with a furnace burning liquid fuel vaporized to form a
permanent gas, constituted by the union of intense soldering lamp burners, divided
into groups of any number, subjected to a single régime of intensity and feed of a
generator, either with a reserve of liquid submitted in a permanent manner to heat,
or with instantaneous vaporization, but characterized by its division into two
heating surfaces, one of which considered as an object to be soldered receives
directly the action of the burners of the furnace, while the other collects the
radiating heat.
Second. In the above described furnace the grouping of any number of intense
burners and the single regulation of the intensity and feed either of the whole or
of connected groups; this regulation being effected either automatically by the
generator itself or by hand.
Third. In the hereinbefore described system of generator the division into two
heating surfaces, one receiving directly the action of the furnace burners and the
other collecting the radiating heat.
Fourth. The before described arrangement for keeping the reservoir of the-
furnace at the pressure necessary for the effective operation of the burners, by
employing the pressure either of the liquid or of the vapours or gases contained
in the reservoir for actuating one or more heating burners which transmit their
heat to the reservoir where there is any need, for which purpose this pressure is.
caused to act upon an obturator (slide, valve, flap or the like) kept open by
spring regulated at will which yields to the pressure of the reservoir when the
latter passes beyond the maximum value which has been fixed and which returns to
its place when the pressure of the reservoir is lowered in its turn.
Fifth. The general arrangements of the various types of generators with a
permanent reserve of liquid submitted to the heating described by way of:
exemplifying the application in the foregoing Specification.
Sixth. The arrangements of the generators with instantaneous vaporization.
formed of a single element or of more coupled elements, but characterized
especially by the mode winding of the helices in order to obtain two distinct parts.
answering the conditions herein before specified.
Seventh. The method above described of winding the helices of a generator
with instantaneous vaporization.
Eighth. The hereinbefore described arrangement of the cap formed by a
partition obtained by any means and traversed by the steam which is obliged to-
pass successively through all the spaces comprised between the partitions, this.
arrangement having for its object to augment the vaporizing surface.
Ninth. The arrangement of the jets of flame in arcs of circles.
Tenth. The hereinbefore described means employed for favouring the instanta--
neous voporization by each element of a generator by a bundle composed of any
kind of cylindrical, flat or other forms of vaporizing tubes, whatever may be the
dimensions and thicknesses of the same.
ז
11004
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.