IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS AND APPARATUS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Edmondson, of Frizinghall, near Bradford, in
the County of York, Manufacturer, and Thomas Ingram, of Bradford,
aforesaid, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS AND APPARATUS
FOR WEAVING."
Sealed the 21st July 1863, and dated the 27th January 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Edmondson and
Thomas Ingram at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 27th January 1863.
We, JOSEPH EDMONDSON, of Frizinghall, near Bradford, in the County of
York, Manufacturer, and THOMAS INGRAM, of Bradford, aforesaid, do hereby.
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS AND
APPARATUS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
The objects of this Invention are,-
Firstly, to render looms self-acting in finding the shed wherein a broken
pick is made, or where the full shoot of weft is not introduced, so that when
the loom stops the required shed shall be ready to receive the weft at the next
shoot.
Secondly, to cause the change boxes in fancy looms to change only when
the required number of picks of any particular color of weft have been
woven, notwithstanding the weft having been broken.

page_text: 1Diruty, to throw any required number of picks or shoots of wert into one
shed.
Fourthly, in continuous loom or looms that do not require to stop for
change of weft, such as for which Letters Patent were granted to the aforesaid
Thomas Ingram, dated April 4, 1860, No. 861, to provide for the introduction
of the changed weft into the proper shed.
Fifthly, in the aforesaid continuous looms to cause the weft so introduced
to supplement the broken pick or shoot, or to cause the next shoot to com-
mence at or near the point or place in the shed where the broken pick or
shoot terminates, or to take out the broken pick of weft so that there shall
not be a double shoot in some part of such shed where a pick or shoot is
broken.
Sixthly, to lessen the friction on the warp when weaving gauze, leno, or
other similar cloth, and to dispense with the easy rod usually applied for that
purpose.
Seventhly, to thread the weft mechanically through the eye of the shuttle
or the weft case.
In order to accomplish the first part of this Invention, we apply a reversing
motion for driving or operating the shedding or treading tappets, which is
arranged in such manner that when the weft breaks the weft fork will
act upon it, and cause the tappets to be reversed in their action, or turned
backward to the position they were in when the weft broke, and then to
remain there until the loom stops and the weft is changed, when the new
shoot will be introduced to the proper shed or place in which it was broken;
or a counter may be employed, either a ratchet wheel or worm, which may
be set or adjusted to run the number of picks required before the shed in
which the pick was broken returns in usual course, or in the case of a
jacquard or witch engine, to run the number of picks required to bring back
the same shed.
The second part of our Invention is effected by working or operating the
jacquard apparatus, witch engine, or other indicating means employed in fancy
looms for changing the boxes from the same motion, or apparatus which we
employ for operating the shedding or treading tappets, consequently, the indi-
cating apparatus will be reversed at the same time, and remain in the position
wherein the weft broke until the next pick or shoot is made.
The third part is effected by arranging the jacquard or other indicating
apparatus so as to become disconnected with the treading motion for the
required number of picks or shoots, and then be connected again. In con-

page_text: tinuous looms, we have a feeding rack or hopper to each shuttle box, and the
apparatus employed for changing the weft cases is arranged to operate in con-
nection with the shedding motion, so that the tappets will always be reversed,
or the shed in which the weft was broken re-opened before the changed weft
is introduced.
The fifth part of our Invention is accomplished by having separate holders
for the ends of weft to each shuttle case employed, which are mounted upon
a wheel or endless strap, which is so arranged that when a change of shuttle
case is made, the holder of the changed weft will be moved into contact with
a cutting instrument. A weft feeler or detector is also placed in such a
position that the shoot of weft will act upon it in passing through the shed,
which feeler when the weft breaks will actuate the cutting instrument at the
proper time for cutting and releasing the weft, so that the end of the new
shoot of weft shall join the end of the old or broken shoot in the shed, or the
broken shoot may be withdrawn from the shed by the weft feeler feeding or
delivering it to a rotary spindle, or to a travelling endless belt. This weft
detector may also be applied to stop looms, and also in substitution of the
ordinary weft fork.
We accomplish the sixth object by using an additional "dupe heald" in-
stead of the usual heald used to lift the duped end or thread of the warp
alternately with the dupe in addition to a modified form of heald or dupe
heald for the other ends or threads of the warp. To thread the weft through
the
eye of the shuttle or weft case we use a suction bellows or pump, actuated
by any suitable means, to the mouthpiece of which we apply the eye of the
shuttle when required to have the weft passed through it.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Joseph Edmondson and Thomas Ingram in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 27th July 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOSEPH
EDMONDSON, of Frizinghall, near Bradford, in the County of York, Manu-
facturer, and THOMAS INGRAM, of Bradford, aforesaid, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of January, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-sixth

page_text: year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto us, the said Joseph Edmondson and Thomas Ingram, Her special
licence, that we, the said Joseph Edmondson and Thomas Ingram, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Joseph
Edmondson and Thomas Ingram, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS AND APPARATUS FOR WEAVING," upon the condition
(amongst others) that we, the said Joseph Edmondson and Thomas Ingram,
our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or
their, or one of our or their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Joseph Edmondson and Thomas
Ingram, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement, and the accompanying Drawings,
with the letters of reference marked thereon (that is to say):-
The objects of this Invention are,-
Firstly, to render looms self-acting in finding the shed wherein a broken pick
is made, or where the full shoot of weft is not introduced, so that when the
loom stops the required shed shall be ready to receive the weft the next shoot.
Secondly, to cause the change boxes in fancy looms to change only when
the required number of picks of any particular colour of weft have been woven,
notwithstanding the weft having been broken.
Thirdly, to throw any required number of picks or shoots of weft into one
shed.
Fourthly, in continuous looms or looms that do not require to stop for
change of weft, such as for which Letters Patent were granted to the afore-
said Thomas Ingram, dated April 4th, 1860, No. 861, to provide for the
introduction of the changed weft into the proper shed.
Fifthly, in the aforesaid continuous looms, to cause the weft so introduced
to supplement the broken pick or shoot, or to cause the next shoot to com-
mence at or near the point or place in the shed where the broken pick or

page_text: shoot terminates, or to take out the broken pick of weft, so that there shall
not be a double shoot in some part of such shed where a pick or shoot is
broken.
Sixthly, to lessen the friction on the warp when weaving gauze, leno, or
other similar cloth, and to dispense with the casing rod usually applied for
that purpose.
Seventhly, to thread the weft mechanically through the eye of the shuttle
or weft case.
In order to accomplish the first part of this Invention we apply a reversing
motion for driving or operating the shedding or treading tappets, which is
arranged in such manner that when the weft breaks the weft fork will act
upon it and cause the tappets to be reversed in their action or turned back-
ward to the position they were in when the weft broke, and then to remain
there until the loom stops and the weft is changed, when the new shoot will
be introduced to the proper shed or place in which it was broken; or a counter
may be employed, either a ratchet wheel or worm, which may be set or
adjusted to run the number of picks required before the shed in which the
pick was broken returns in usual course; or, in the case of a jacquard or
witch engine, to run the number of picks required to bring back the same
shed.
Fig. 1 represents so much of the end elevation of an ordinary loom as is
necessary to shew the application of this part of our Invention, or the reversing
of the tappets; and Fig. 2 is part of a front elevation of the same.
A is the framing; B, the crank shaft; C, the tappet shaft; D', D2, and D³,
are the gear wheels. On the boss E of the wheel D³ (which runs loose on
the tappet shaft C) are placed the tappets F1, F2, F3, arranged for a 3-tread
twill. They are free to slide along and around the boss E. To the boss I of
the tappets are attached catch plates G' and G². On the face of G¹ are 3.
snugs or projections H' equidistant and adjusted to catch a similar projection
on one of the arms of the wheels D³; G2 has 3 teeth H2, equidistant on its
circumference. K' is a toothed wheel, fast on the tappet shaft and gearing.
into K, whose pinion K³ drives K+ (which is loose on the tappet shaft) at the
same speed (i. e., one revolution for three picks of the loom) as the gear
wheel D³, but in the opposite direction. To the face of K' is attached a
catch L, so adjusted that its point L', which is turned inwards, will catch on
the tooth H when the tappets are brought into gear with it. M is a clutch
box fixed on the boss I for sliding the tappets in or out of gear.
N is a lever
jointed at O and hinged upon a stud plate N¹ fixed to the frame A; it has a

page_text: forked end taking into the clutch box M. To the jointed end of the lever is
attached a rod P, having two projections R, R', on the face, and a slot sliding
upon two rods or shafts V & V', extending across the loom and carrying two
tappets Q, Q. On each of the rods V & V¹, is a lever or arm U¹ carrying at
its upper end the weft fork holder and weft fork U, which are actuated by the
weft hammer in the usual way. V, V, are armis or levers on the shafts
V & V', with their apices abutting against the lever V³, which is the same as
usually carries the weft fork, knocks off the strap guide, and actuates the
break; in this instance it is confined to the two latter purposes. On the
crank shaft is fixed a worm S, the thread of which makes two convolutions
round the shaft, and is grooved in the side so as to receive and retain a pin n
(fixed in the apex of the jointed lever N) from its entrance to its exit. T is
a spring latch projecting from the framework of the loom to catch the jointed
lever N just before it is released by the worm S. When either weft fork acts
it moves the tappet Q at the end of its respective rod (Q' is shewn in this
position), thereby acting upon the rod P, pushing the toothed apex of the
lever N into the worm S, which carries it to the right, moves the tappets to
the left, the catch H on the plate G¹ out of gear with the catch on the arm of
the wheel D³, & the tooth H on the plate G2 into gear with the projection on
the arm L, which reverses the motion of the tappets F 1, F 2, F 3, during one
revolution of the crank shaft. By the completion of this one revolution the
plate G has traversed over the face of the projection on the arm L and has
entered the recess between the projection and the arm, so that it is released
and stands still, however long the loom continues to run. At the same time
that this is accomplished the toothed apex of the jointed lever N has coine
out of the worm and the lever N has been caught by the latch T, which holds
it in its position till released by the operator. Let it be supposed that the
weft fork actuating the tappet Q indicates in the usual manner that the weft
has broken in the shed made by the tappet F3, it operates the usual strap
guide and the rod on which the tappet Q' is fixed about the time that the
tappet F has allowed its respective shed to close and F' begins to open
another. Then, while F¹ is opening its respective shed, the worm is moving
the projection on the face of the plate G¹ out of gear with the wheel D³, which
has hitherto been moving it in the direction of the arrow. It is completely
released a moment before the tappet F¹ has reached the position indicated in
the Drawing, which corresponds with its shed being fully opened. Then, the
moment after this release, the tooth on the plate G2 is brought (by the progress
of the worm) into contact with the projection on the arm L, which carries it

page_text: round in the opposite direction during one revolution of the crank shaft, which
will bring back the tappet F³ into exactly the position occupied in the Drawing
by F, and will reopen the shed in which, as before stated, the weft broke.
The tappets F 1, F 2, F 3, then stand still as before described.
The method of accomplishing the same object by a worin operating as a
counter of the picks made by the loom after the weft is broken is shewn in
Figs. 3, 4, and 5. U is the usual weft fork with its holder fixed upon a
lever U, which is fastened to the shaft V₁ carrying an arm V2, the other end
of which is opposite the usual lever V3 which knocks off the belt handle V*.
On the shaft V¹ is fixed an arm V³, to which is hinged a hooked rod Va
resting on a bar V7 fixed to the frame. W is the weft hammer, fitted with a
"disarmer," as hereafter explained, and its lever operated by the tappet W¹ou
the tappet shaft. X is a worm, also fixed on the tappet shaft, into which the
hooked rod V will fall when pushed off its rest V. This worm, hooked.rod,
and its rest, are shewn in detail in Figs. 4 and 5. X' is a tappet fixed in a
groove of the worm.
The Drawing, Fig. 4, shews, first, the hooked rod on its rest; second (in
dotted line), as pushed off its rest; and, third (also in dotted line), as drawn
forward by the tappet X'. The worm may be adjusted on the tappet shaft so
that the hooked rod will fall into any groove required by the number of treads
which the loom is working. In Fig. 5 the worm is set for a 6 tread. Suppose
that when weaving a 6-tread cloth the weft breaks in the shed opened by the
first tappet or tread, the weft fork U is caught as usual by the weft hammer,
which draws it back with the lever U¹ to which it is attached, also moves the
shaft V partially round, brings the end of the lever V2 against the usual
lever V ready to knock off the belt. The shaft V, in its motion partially
round, also moves the arm V³, which pushes the hooked rod off its rest V',
the hook falls into the groove immediately under it in the worm (Fig. 5), and
is prevented from recoiling by the stop or step Vs (Figs. 3, 4). The worm
causes the hook to travel along at the rate of two treads or two picks of the
loom to each thread of the worm, so that from the time at which the hook has
entered the worn till the tappet in the worm has reached the hook the loom
will have run 4 treads. The tappet then draws forward the bar V, the arm V³
moves the rod V' still further round, pushes forward the lever V2, and by it
the lever Vs, and thereby knocks off the belt handle and puts on the usual
break, which stops the loom in two more revolutions (making 6 in all) from
that during which the weft broke, so that the whole of the treads will have
run round and that which opened the shed in which the weft broke will have

page_text: reopened its shed when the loom has stopped. In its further progress, after
drawing forward the bar V, the face of the tappet in the worm ceases to draw
the said bar, when the action of the spring V withdraws the bar V6, the point
of the hook passing over the tappet X' in the groove, and being lifted high
enough, it returns to its place on the rest V. The lever Y on the shaft V is
operated by a weft fork on the opposite side of the loom and works into a
worm by means of an arm and hooked rod, being duplicates of those previously
described.
Fig. 6 shows our method of accomplishing the same object with a jacquard
or witch engine. V' and Y'are shafts operated by the two weft forks, precisely
as in Fig. 1, the connections for knocking off the belt handle being also the
same as in Fig. 1. On the ends of the shafts V and Y are levers Z and Z',
to which are attached a cord conducted by means of pulleys over and down to
the hookers for turning the card or lag cylinder. When either of the shafts
V and Y are operated by the weft forks and the belt handle is knocked off,
as previously shewn, the cord is drawn in the direction of the arrow and lifts
the hookers, precisely as is done by hand to reverse the cylinder whilst the
loom is running, the break being adjusted to stop the loom when the proper
card has returned and the shed belonging thereto is reopened.
The second part of our Invention is effected by working the card cylinder,
which regulates the changing of the boxes, by a star wheel gearing into a
pin wheel, which may be fixed on the boss N (Fig. 14), the motion of which
is reversed, as hereafter described, and thereby causes the cards to be reversed
in the same manner as the tappets for making the shed. It will be necessary
in this case to use one card for each pick or shoot of the loom, instead of one
card for each double pick as usual.
The third part of our Invention is effected by applying a small indicating
apparatus (such as is commonly used for regulating the changes of the boxes
of looms) to lift the two hookers of the jacquard engine to the position in
which the cylinder will oscillate between them without being turned by either
of them. Hence the same shed may be repeated as often as required by
cutting the small cards accordingly. It will be necessary to attach a false
heald shaft to be worked by a tappet on the tappet shaft, or in any other con-
venient way, to lift the selvege ends so as to catch the weft at each shoot and
prevent the shuttle from partially withdrawing the preceding shoot.
The manner of accomplishing our fourth object is shewn in Figs. 7, 8, 9,
10, 11. Fig. 7 is a front elevation of a loom fitted for weaving plain cloth;
Fig. 8 is an elevation of that end of the same loom to which the driving

page_text: pulleys are attached, and Fig. 9 a similar elevation of the opposite end;
Figs. 10 and 11 are side and edge views of the weft hammer, with an instru-
ment attached, herein-after called a "disarmer," which prevents the weft fork
catching on the hammer when required.
And whereas in the aforesaid Patent of Thomas Ingram provision is made
for the application of only one rack or hopper for each loom, in conseq u en
of which it frequently happens that the newly supplied weft is introduced into
a shed other than that in which the former supply of weft was broken or
exhausted, thereby causing a thin place, and also a break in the twill of
the cloth.
To remedy this we place a similar hopper or rack at each end of the loom
opposite each shuttle box. These hoppers are lettered A and A¹, and the
sliding propellers B and B'. These propellers are operated by levers C and
C', as herein-after described. D and D¹ are the weft hammers, each fitted
with a "disarmer" E (see Figs. 10 and 11). This disarmer is a sliding piece
attached to the side of the weft hammer, having at its upper end a flange, lying
when at rest on the bottom of the notch of the hammer head. When raised
it fills up the notch of the hammer and prevents the hook of the weft fork
from being caught thereby. F and F¹ (Figs. 7, 8, and 9) are the weft forks
(one at each side of the cloth) with their holders, which are fixed on
levers F and F³. F is fixed on a shaft G extending across the loom, having
fixed upon it a lever G³ (outside the opposite end of the frame), in the end of
which is a projecting pin supporting a tongue H', hinged upon the stop rod.
Upon the same shaft G is fixed a small lever 1' for lifting the disarmer on
the weft hammer D'; also on the same shaft is a lever I', having a pin pro-
jecting under the retaining catch J, which is hinged upon this shaft G, and
projects under the "setting up catch K. F is fixed upon the shaft G',
which also extends across the loom parallel to the shaft G. It has fixed upon
it a lever G (outside the opposite end of the frame) in the end of which is
a projecting pin supporting a tongue H, hinged upon the stop rod. Upon the
same shaft (G) is fixed a small lever I for lifting the disariner on the weft
hammer D; also on the same shaft is the lever I projecting under the
retaining catch J. It will be understood that for weaving plain cloth only
two treading or shedding tappets are required, which operate alternately, and
which we may denominate Nos. 1 and 2. Suppose, then, that when the
shed has been opened by No. 1 tappet the loom has picked from the
right-hand side, and the weft has broken in crossing through, then the weft
fork F operates in the usual way, and the hook is caught and drawn forward
"

page_text: by the notch in the head of the weft hammer D, lifting the tongue H³ at the
other end of the loom by means of the lever F, the shaft G, and lever G³,
while the lay is retiring. On the return of the lay the point of the tongue H¹
passes upon the inclined foot of the lever C, and pushing it forward causes
the propelling slide B¹ to drive the bottom shuttle-case out of the hopper A¹
into the shuttle, which has meanwhile recrossed the loom through the shed
opened by the tappet No. 2 (but leaving no weft therein). The shuttle
is then ready to enter the shed to be opened by the tappet No. 1 in due
course. This, it will be remembered, is the shed in which the weft was
broken. While this has proceeded the retaining and setting up catches have
been lifted by the lever 12 on the shaft G, so that the cloth is slackened to the
extent of one pick, and the setting up catch has omitted to set up another
pick (together corresponding with the two picks lost) so that there is no thin
place in the cloth. Immediately on the action of the weft fork F, the weft
hammer D' is disarmed by the small lever I¹ raising the disarmer E, so that
the weft fork F¹ is prevented from acting, otherwise another fresh case would
be inserted unnecessarily when the shuttle again arrived at the left side. The
hammer tappets L and L' are so constructed that they hold their respective
weft forks, with their shafts and levers, just sufficient time to perform the
above operations, releasing them in due course, and allowing them to fall by
the weight of the levers into their position of rest. When the loom is weaving
any cloth having more than two treads the tappets require to be reversed,
and we shew the manner of performing this in Figs. 12, 13, and 14. Fig. 12
is an end elevation of the apparatus attached on the crank shaft of the loom ;
Fig. 13 is an elevation on a larger scale of the said apparatus detached, and
Fig. 14 is a section of the same taken through the line Y, Z. M is the spur
wheel communicating motion from the crank shaft to the tappets, which are
running loose on the low shaft. This wheel is usually fixed on the crank
shaft, but in our apparatus it is fixed on the boss of a bevil wheel N (which
runs loose on the crank shaft), gearing with two bevil wheels O, mounted upon
spindles O¹ projecting at right angles from a boss P (also running loose upon
the crank shaft) and carrying a ring Q outside the bevil wheels. These bevil
wheels O gear with another bevil wheel R, which is fixed to the crank shaft,
on the back of which is an arm carrying a stud S, with its end projecting to
and nearly in contact with the surface of the ring Q; T and T¹ are slides
projecting from the surface of the ring, but working in grooves cut into the
ring, and are pressed towards the shaft by springs U, U₁; V and V₁ aro
fingers hinged at one end on the ring, their other ends entering the slides

page_text: T and T; V is a flange or guide fixed to the ring; W is a lever hinged to
the frame, having in it a small stud w projecting inwards, so as to have its
end nearly in contact with the ring Q when pushed towards the crank shaft.
A rod X is connected to this lever at one end, and has a slot in the other end,
which enables it to rest and be capable of sliding on the two shafts which the
weft forks operate. On these shafts are two tappets, which act upon pro-
jections on the rod X when actuated by the weft forks. When there is an
unbroken supply of weft the stud S is between the slides T & T¹, as shewn
in Fig. 12, and being fast to the crank shaft carries round with it the whole.
apparatus, and gives motion by means of the gear wheels to the treading
tappets. When the weft is broken or the supply is exhausted one of the weft
forks actuates its respective shaft, as before described, and by the tappet at
its end moves the rod X and the lever W towards the crank shaft. The
stud w then comes against the flange or guide V2, and in the onward progress
of the ring, in the direction of the arrow, this stud enters between the
guide V and the finger V, lifting the finger at its bend inwards, and raising
thereby the slide T. This brings the notch a in the slide T' opposite to the
stud S, which immediately liberates itself through the notch, and leaves the
ring behind it. The inertia of the ring carries it forward a little further till
the stud w enters through the notch 6 in the slide T', which recoils and
imprisons the stud w between the two slides. The ring, with the two bevil
wheels within it, is then steadily held by the lever W, so that the bevil
wheel R by means of the two bevil wheels O, causes the bevil wheel N,
with its boss and the spur wheel M thereon to revolve in a manner
opposite to its former direction, and as the treading tappets derive their
motion from the spur wheel M, they too will have the direction of their
notion reversed. But this reverse motion continues during only one revolu-
tion of the crank shaft, corresponding to one pick of the loom, for in its
forward progress the stud S comes under the finger V, and lifts it at its bend
inwards, and thereby lifting the slide T, till the notch c comes opposite the
stud w.
The stud w liberates itself; the inertia of the ring allows the stud S
to go further forward till it enters through the notch d in the slide T, when
the slide recoils, and, imprisoning the stud in its normal position, the treading
again proceeds in its normal direction.
Fig. 15 shews the application to the continuous loom of the worm for
counting the treads, as previously described, for ordinary looms. Instead of
the weft fork lifting the tongue H on to the inclined foot of lever C, it
lifts it only partially, so that the tongue continues to pass under the foot of the

page_text: lever C', until finally lifted on to it by the tappet in the worm, as described
in Figs. 3, 4, and 5. A new supply of weft is then introduced, and the work
proceeds without stopping. When the shed is worked by a jacquard or witch
engine, we use the contrivance described in Fig. 6, as applied to ordinary
looms.
To accomplish our fifth object, namely, to avoid a double shoot of weft in
any part of the shed in which the weft has been broken, we prefer to with-
draw the broken pick of weft. Our apparatus is shewn in Figs. 16, 17, 18,
and 19. A is a forked feeler binged to the front of the lay held in its position
of rest by a spring attached to the sword; on the same spindle is an escape-
ment B, having a spring 6 resting against the fork. C is a rod passing
through a guide on the escapement, and hinged to a bell-crank lever D fixed
to the rocking shaft; E is a cord passing from the bell-crank lever round a
pulley F (fixed with the front central point of its groove in the axial line of the
rocking shaft) to a lever G hinged to the frame carrying a friction roller in
contact with a tappet H fixed on the low shaft. A circular knife I, attached
to a disc, having its edge clothed with a card or other suitable material, is
placed upon a stud fixed to the lay. A cord J passes over a small pulley
fixed to the knife around guide pulleys, having their axes in the axial line of
the rocking shaft, and thence around a pulley L fixed upon the low shaft; a
similar apparatus reversed is applied also at the opposite end of the loom.
As the lay retires from the cloth the tappet H draws the cord E, raises the
rod C, the apex of which pushes up the escapement, and by the spring b
moves the fork in the direction of the arrow. The prongs of the fork then
project above the race board, and between it and the weft, extending from the
edge of the cloth to the shuttle in the box. The tappet H is adjusted to
cause the fork to reach a perpendicular position just in time for the return
shoot to loop against it; the rod C still continuing to rise, if the weft breaks
the spring 6 kicks the fork on to the knife edge and card, as shown by dotted
lines in Figs. 17 and 18. The knife revolving at a great speed, cuts the weft
between the prongs, and the card seizes the cut end, and withdraws it from
the shed. If the weft remains perfect, its tension balances the pressure of the
spring b, until the apex of the rod C pushes itself off the point of the escape-
ment. The fork and escapement being then at liberty, are drawn back by
the spring attached to the sword just in time for the liberated weft to be
drawn up to the selfedge of the cloth by the shuttle; the time at which this
happens is regulated by a set screw in the escapement.
Fig. 20 shows the arrangement for performing our sixth object. A, A,

page_text: represent the usual dupe heald with its slide A', and B, B, the additional dupe
beald with its slide B' taking the place of the ordinary heald, which works
alternately with the dupe heald A, A. The dupes A, A, and B, B, lift the
thread of warp marked D. C, C, represent our new or modified form of
dupe heald to be used in conjunction with the two ordinary dupes A, A, and
B, B; through its eye is drawn the end E. This dupe C, C, has two
slides C¹ and C³, between which passes the end or thread of warp D, operated
by the dupes A, A, and B, B. When the end D is lifted by the dupe A, A,
the staves of the slides B and C are also lifted; the end D is then free to
move the slide C along C, which allows the end D to rise with little friction
or tension on the intended side of the end E. When the end D is required
to lift on the opposite side of E it is raised by the dupe B, B; at the same
time the staves of the slides A¹ and C¹ are lifted; D is then free to move the
slide C¹ along C³, and rises with little tension or friction on the required side
of the end E. It will be seen that, by this arrangement, the shed will always
extend from the cloth to the warp rods behind the healds, thereby avoiding
the great friction and tension arising on
the use of an "easing rod" unnecessary.
and B, B, we may use a heald of the
acting from above instead of from below.
the ordinary plan, and thus making
Instead of the ordinary dupes A, A,
new form C, C, but with the slides
To accomplish our seventh object, namely, to thread the weft mechanically
through the eye of the shuttle, we use a pair of suction bellows actuated by
the hand, foot, or other convenient means. Figs. 16 and 17 shew it as it may
be worked by the sword of the loom; M, M, are two sets of suction bellows
with their outlet ends fixed to the lay sword N, and their inlet ends to the
framework of the loom; P, P, are flexible pipes from the inlet ends joined
together, and carried to an elastic mouth-piece in the breast beam. The
motion of the sword produces a continuous draft in at the mouth-piece, to
which the
eye of the shuttle is applied instead of to the mouth of the attendant,
as usual.
Figs. 21 and 22 are full-size elevations and cross sections of the levers C
and C', in Figs. 7, 8, and 9, shewing that the inclined foot is a slide piece
held in position by a pin and spiral spring. When any obstruction prevents
the propelling slide from driving forward the cop case, this slide piece gives
way, and striking with a set screw against the belt lever (or a lever on a rod
extending across the loom, carrying an arm going against the belt lever) stops
the loom. Figs. 23 and 24 are full-sized views of the tappet for operating
the weft hammer.

page_text: Figs. 25 and 26 are detail views (half size) of the hoppers, and Fig. 27
is a cross section of the same, enclosing a cop case, shewing the form of
spring and holder for preventing the bottom case in the hopper from passing
out till forced by the propeller, and for guiding the same till it reaches the
shuttle.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Edmondson, for and on behalf
of myself and the said Thomas Ingram, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Twenty-fourth day of July, One thousand eight hundred and
sixty-three.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the
within-named Joseph Edmondson,
in the presence of
W*. TASKER,
JOSEPH EDMONDSON. (L.S.)
Patent Agent,
Halifax.