IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING AND WARMING APPARATUS
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alexander Brandon, of Paris, in the Empire of
France, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING AND
WARMING APPARATUS,"
Sealed the 23rd October 1855, and dated the 5th May 185.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alexander Brandon at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th May 1855.
I, ALEXANDER BRANDON, of Paris, in the Empire of France, Gentleman, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING
AND WACHING APPARATUS" to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in heating water and other liquids for baths, for
being circulated through pipes, in order to warm buildings, apartments, &c.
by means of a lamp or other heating medium applied under a chamber which
only communicates with the main body of water by two apertures. As soon
as water or other liquid in this separate chamber begins to be heated, the
heated water flows through the upper aperture, and gives way to a like inflow
of colder water through the lower aperture, and thus the water is caused to
circulate through this heating chamber until the whole body has attained the
same temperature. in order to keep water in a bath or other vessel hot,
I provide the bath or vessel with an outer casing, and fill up the spacebetween

page_text: the two casings with charcoal, sawdust, or other non-conductor of heat. I
find it sometimes desirable to introduce a partition plate between the heating
chamber and the main body of liquid. This plate entirely closes communi-
cation at the top, but does not rest upon the bottom of the main vessel. By
means of this partition the liquid passes through the heating chamber more
than once before mixing with the main body.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Alexander Brandon in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
3rd November 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALEXANDER
BRANDON, of Paris, in the Empire of France, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the eighteenth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Alexander Brandon, Her special licence that I, the said Alexander Brandon,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Alex-
ander Brandon, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfullymight make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING AND
WARMING APPARATUS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Alexander Brandon, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be perforined, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that f, the said Alexander Brandon, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings bereunto annexed
(that is to say)
The Invention consists in heating and warming water and other liquids and
Huids for various purposes, by means of a lamp or other heating medium,

page_text: applied under a chamber near the vessel or receptacle containing the main
body of liquid or fluid to be heated, and only communicating with such recep-
tacle by two apertures or passages, one of which is placed at a higher level
than the other, and by means of which passages the liquid to be heated. is
caused to pass or circulate through the heating chamber in the following
manner: When the water or other liquid to be heated is poured into its
receptacle it flows into the heating chamber, and on the lamp being lighted,
or heat otherwise applied, the water contained in the chamber as it becomes
heated passes through the upper passage into the body of liquid to be heated
while its place is suppli. by a freshinflow of liquid through the lowerpassage,
which becomes heated in its turn, and passes again into the main vessel,it:
place being supplied by another fresh inflow, and so on until the whole of the
liquid is raised to the required temperature. Or, instead of the heating
chamber communicating directly with the receptacle containing the body of
liquid to be heated, it may communicate with a space surrounding the
receptacle, formed by placing a partition between the heating chamber and
the main vessel, or by furnishing the vessel with double bottom and sides.
Liquid being admitted into this space is made to circulate through it and
the heating chamber, and so communicate heat to the main body of liquid.
In order to keep the water in a bath or other vessel hot, I provide the bath
or vessel with an outer casing, and fill up the space between the two casings
with charcoal, sawdust, or other non-conductor of heat. This Invention is
applicable to heating baths, warming apartments, houses, and carriages, dress-
ing and warming food, and various other purposes.
Figure 1 of the Drawings annexed is a side elevation of a bath with my
improvements applied thereto; Figure 2, a plan of the same; and Figure 3, a
section through the line c, d, of Figure 2. B is the bath fitted into an outer
casing A. X, chamber placed between the casing and the sides of the bath,
and separated by a partition from a recess immediately beneath it, con-
taining a lamp m; the remainder of the space E between the bath and casing
is filled with charcoal or other non-conductor of heat. The chamber X com-
municates with the bath by passages hand, the lower of which,, passes
down to near the bottom of the bath. The partition f' is made concave, to
concentrate the heat. When the bath is filled, the water will of course pass
into and find its level in the chamber X, and on the lamp being lighted,
the water in the chamber X will, as it becomes heated, gradually pass into
the bath through the opening h in the direction of the arrow, while its
place will be supplied by an inflow of water from the bath, entering the
chamber through the passage j, which becomes heated in its turn, and

page_text: returns into the bath through, another inflow of water from the bath
taking its place, and so on. Figure 4 is a sectional view of part of a bath, in
which a casing or partition B is fitted, resting on brackets o, o. It forms a
double side and bottom to the bath, and between it and the sides of the bath
there is a space K, which is filled with water or other liquid through a pipe p,
terminating at top in a funnel-shaped mouth, and opened and closed by
a cock q.
m is the lamp; X, heating chamber, communicating with the
space K by passages handj. The liquid as it gets heated circulates through
the heating chamber and spacé K, and thus heats the water in the bath.
Figure 5 is a sectional elevation of another modification of heating apparatus.
N, N, is a chamber with double sides, the bottom of which forms the cover of
a lamp placed beneath it. This chamber communicates through the pipe D
with the vessel or receptacle containing the main body of liquid to be heated,
and it should be placed as near as possible to the bottom of such vessel or
receptacle. It communicates through the pipe C with another chamber or
receiver B, provided with a cap or double casing X, which encases it at the
sides and top, as shewn. The space between the two casings is filled with
some non-conductor of heat. The receiver B communicates with the body of
liquid to be heated through the pipe E. The lower part of the chamber N,
which forms the cover for the lamp, is perforated with a series of holes for
admitting air to the wick, which is of cylindrical shape, and is slipped over a
tube T, which screws into a stand P, also perforated with holes p, p, through
which air is supplied through the tube to the wick. The lamp is connected
to the chamber N by hooks HI, or otherwise, and may be brought nearer to or
further from it, as desired. The water or other liquid to be heated enters the
When
apparatus N, N, through the pipe D, and gradually rises to the top.
the liquid in N becomes heated, it rises through the receiver B and pipe E to
the upper surface of the liquid to be heated, and is replaced by a fresh inflow
of water through the pipe D, and so on; so that a regular circulation is kept
up through the pipes D and E, in the direction of the arrows, until the whole
body is raised to the same temperature. The apparatus N may be adapted
for the employment of air as a heating agent; by removing the tube D, and
admitting air into the chamber N through apertures in the bottom, the air
would rise through the chamber, become heated, and pass off through the
receiver B, to be used where required. Or a serpentine coil, worm, or other
contrivance may be placed in the heating apparatus, to prolong the contact of
the air with a heated surface. The sides of the heating apparatus may be
made of glass, so as to render the light of the lamp available. The bath may
be covered on the outside with cloth, felt, or other substance, to prevent radi

page_text: ation of heat, and it may be provided with a water-tight lid, which should fit
the bath closely, and prevent the escape of steam. The top of the lid may be
stuffed and used as a seat, or covered with oilcloth, to serve as a table, or may
if sufficiently large be employed as a bedstead. The bath may be made of a
variety of shapes, such as a dressing table, couch, flower stand, &c.
I apply my Invention to an improved bath constructed as follows:-The
bath consists of a basin or vessel in the shape of a hip or other bath, fitted
into the frame of the seat of an arm chair, and descending between the legs
of the chair, where it may be concealed by drapery, and covered at top by a
lid, which forms the seat of the chair, and is covered with some impervious
material, to prevent the escape of steam from the bath. The outer surface of
the bath is covered with some non-conductor of heat. The heating apparatus
is fitted between the back legs of the chair.
And having now described the nature of the said Invention, and the manner
in which the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim, heating and
warming by means of water or other liquid or fluid caused to circulate through
a chamber heated by a lamp or otherwise, and to impart heat either directly
to a volume of water, liquid, or fluid, or to impart heat to such volume of
water, liquid, or fluid, by circulating through a casing surrounding the same,
in the manner herein-before fully described, and represented in the Drawings
annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alexander Brandon, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of October, One thousand eight
ALEXANDER BRANDON. (L.S.)