Improvements in Rotary Engines.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 4th Apr., 1898-Accepted, 27th Aug., 1898
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Rotary Engines.
I, JOHN PAUL DORAU, citizen of the United States, and residing at Lark, in the
County of Brown and State of Wisconsin, U.S.A., Minister of the Gospel, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
:--
My invention has relation to improvements in engines.
Among the objects contemplated are to secure the maximum power, the engine
being always at the full power point, without any dead centers; reduction of
friction and cross strain; provision for balancing the movable steam gates at all
times; obviating the necessity of lubricating, the parts being always encircled
by steam which acts as a constant lubricator; to provide an improved construction
wherein the engine is run at certain periods by the direct force of the intersecting
steam, and at certain other periods by the expansive force of the steam already in
the casing.
A further object resides in providing an improved form of governor tripping
mechanism whereby when the speed of the engine becomes too great, the quantity
of steam admitted to the casing is decreased, or if the speed exceeds a certain limit,
then the steam is entirely cut off.
A still further object contemplated is the provision of a construction in which
a stationary piston is employed having a revolving part therearound forming the
interior chamber in which the piston is located, said revolving part provided with a
series of radiating spokes to which an outer rim is attached, forming a wheel
periphery, and around which periphery a belt for transmitting the power may be
passed.
In the accompanying drawings, Fig. 1 is a front view of the engine.
Fig. 2 is a rear view, with parts broken away, to show the valve, and certain
steam ports;
Fig. 3 is a front view, with the side pieces removed, and parts in section ;
Fig. 4 is a horizontal section on the line 4-4 of Fig. 3, with a part broken
away.
Fig. 5 is a transverse vertical sectional view, with parts broken away.
Fig. 6 is a detail sectional view showing the conical valve.
Fig. 7 is a detail view of the piston, the lower portion thereof being broken
away;
Fig. 8 is a detail view of the piston, looking at the portion thereof where the
packing is arranged.
Fig. 9 is a front elevation of a rotary engine embodying another form of my
improvements, showing one side of the casing removed, and certain parts broken
away.
Fig. 10 is a horizontal sectional view of Fig. 9.
Fig. 11 is an end elevation with the outer rim in section.
Fig. 12 is a rear elevation, parts broken away.
Fig. 13 is a view of the casing, with the piston removed.

page_text: Fig. 15 is a view of the valve and allied parts, used in the several forms of
construction.
Fig. 16 is a fragmentary view of a modified form, being a section on the same
plane as Fig. 10.
Fig. 17 is a view of one front side of the casing of Fig. 16.
Fig. 18 is a modified form of slide-gate controlling device.
Fig. 19 is a modified form of governor mechanism for controlling the valve.
Fig. 20 represents a modification, showing the casing with one side removed,
and the piston and other parts in section.
Fig. 21 is a detail view of the valve mechanism relating to this modification.
Fig. 22 is a view at right angles to Fig. 21, and
Fig. 23 is a front view of Fig. 22.
Referring to the drawings, the numeral 17 in the forms of construction illus-
trated in Figures 1 to 8 inclusive indicates a circular casing which is supported
on a suitable base 18. This casing forms an interior circular chamber 19, which is
intersected centrally by a transverse shaft 20. The opposite ends of this shaft
are journaled in projections from the opposite side pieces of the casing, which
projections form journal boxes, and are rendered steam tight by means of
glands 21, 21. These glands serve to compress packings 22, 22 into recesses in
the journal boxes. One of the outer ends of the shaft 20 carries a fly wheel 23.
Mounted upon the shaft within the circular chamber 19 of the casing is a rotary
piston 24. This piston is formed with an eccentric projection 25, and said eccentric
portion is provided with interior chambers 26, 26. The chamber 26 has extending
therefrom outwardly to the periphery of the piston steam ducts or passages 27, 271,
and chamber 26 has extending outwardly therefrom to the periphery
of the piston similar steam ducts oľ passages 28, 281. The periphery
of the eccentric portion of the piston is formed with a series of steam
leads or recesses 29, as shown more clearly in Figure 8, the function of which
will hereafter more fully appear. A medial point of the edge or periphery of the
eccentric is intersected by a diagonal recess 30, in which is fitted a packing
strip 31, said strip being pressed outwardly by means of a coiled spring 32 inter-
posed between the inner sides of the strip and the bottom of the recess. The
opposite sides of the piston are also provided therearound, near their outer edges,
with annular packing strips 33, 33.
Diametrically opposite points of the casing 17 are provided with horizontal
recesses 34, 34, in which are fitted, so as to reciprocate therein, sliding steam
gates 35, 35. These gates have each, along one of their side edges, a recess 36,
forming a steam passage to admit steam into the space of the recess 34 back of
said steam gate. The steam passes into one of these recesses after the piston begins
to move the sliding gate outwardly. At this time the inner end of the guide-way
groove for the gate is opened so that the steam is free to enter the recess 36. The
inner edges of the gates which are adapted to bear against the piston are provided
with suitable packing strips 37, 37. One side of the circular casing 17 has a
projecting portion 38 which is formed with a transverse tapering opening 39. In
this tapering opening is fitted a conical valve 40, said valve being intersected near
opposite ends by openings 41, 41', said openings being arranged at right angles to
each other. The opening 41 has leading thereto at right angles a passage 42.
This valve has projecting therefrom to the exterior, a valve-stem 43, and to the
extremity of the stem is rigidly connected an upwardly-extending operating
handle 44. An arm 45 is mounted loosely on the valve-stem, and this arm has
formed rigid therewith a segmental rack 46, with which rack a dog 47 carried
by the operating handle is adapted to engage. A coiled spring 49 encircles the
valve-stein between the arm 45 and the side of the casing. Projecting out from
the front side of the casing is a bracket 50, having extending upwardly therefrom
a tubular post 51. Extending through this tubular post is a tubular shaft 52.
The lower end of this shaft is formed or provided with a beveled gear 53, which

page_text: beveled gear meshes with the beveled gear 54 on the main shaft 20. Surround-
ing the tubular shaft 52, just above the tubular post 51, is a collar 55, said collar
having projecting out therefrom the lugs 56, 56, between which are pivoted the
stems 57, 57, of the governor balls 58, 58. Surrounding the tubular shaft 52
above the collar 55, is a coiled spring 59. This spring is confined between the
collar 55 and cap 60 arranged on the upper end of the tubular shaft 52. This
cap is provided at its lower end with an annular groove 61 in which fits a collar 62.
Connected to opposite points of this collar are the upper ends of links 63, 63. The
lower ends of these links are pivotally connected to the governor ball stems.
Passing through the cap-piece 60, and through the tubular shaft 52 and the
beveled gear 53 is a rod 64. Turning on the upper end of this rod is an adjusting
nut 65. The lower end of the rod is pivotally connected to the arm 45. It will
be understood, of course, that the conical valve, in the first instance, is properly
set by means of its operating handle 44, so that its steam ports or ducts will be
so positioned as to make the proper registration with other ducts hereinafter
described. The piston in its rotation, of course, rotates the main shaft 20, and
this shaft, through the intermeshing of its beveled gear 54 with the beveled
gear 53 of shaft 52, causes said shaft 52 to rotate, and the governor balls to be
rotated therewith. If the speed of the machine becomes too great, the governor
balls will, by centrifugal force, fly outwardly and cause the descent of the cap 60
against the pressure of the coiled spring 59. The downward movement of the cap
will also cause a corresponding movement of the rod 64, and said rod 64 will act
on arm 45 and cause the conical valve to be turned, by reason of the engagement
of the dog 47 of the operating handle 44 with the segmental rack 46, which rack,
as before described, is fast to the arm 45. This will cause a turning of the conical
valve in the proper direction to limit or shut off the live steam. When the speed
of the engine has become sufficiently slow, the upward pressure of the spring 59
exerted against the cap 60 will be sufficient to overcome the centrifugal force,
and will cause the cap 60, and with it the rod 64, to be forced to their normal
positions.
The numeral 66 indicates the inlet opening which leads to a chamber 67,
said chamber being in communication with the tapering opening 39 for the
conical valve by means of the two ports 68, 681. Now the openings 41, 41¹ of
the conical valve are so positioned that when the opening 41 is in register with the
port 68, the opening 41' is out of register with port 68¹. Two steam
passages 69, 691 extend from opposite ends of the tapering openings 39 along,
respectively, the front and rear sides of the circular casing 17, and when
the opening 41 of the valve is in register at one end with the port 68, it will
be in register at its opposite end with the passage 69. The steam, there-
fore, is free to flow from the chamber 67 through the port 68, through the open-
ing 41 of the valve, and into the passage 69. This passage 69 leads to the
projecting hearing of the front side of the circular casing, as indicated at 70, (see
Figure 5), the passage 70 leading to an annular recess 71 formed in the inner side
of the front side piece of the casing. This annular recess 71 registers with a
port 72, said port being formed in the piston and leading to the chamber 26 of
said piston. The passage 691 also leads to another passage 73, which forms a con-
tinuation thereof, and extends into the bearing of the rear side of the circular
casing. This passage 73 also communicates with an annular recess 74 formed in
the rear side piece of the circular casing, and recess 74 is in communication with
the chamber 26¹ of the eccentric by means of a duct 75 formed in the piston.
The opposite sides of the piston are provided with annular steam spaces 76, 76¹.
Leading from the annular recesses 71 & 74 to these respective steam spaces are
passages 77, 771. Adjusting screws 78, 78¹ are adapted to be screwed across either
of these passages, so as to cut off communication between the recesses 71 & 74 and
the annular steam spaces 76, 76¹. The function of these annular steam
chambers .76, 761.and passages 77, 771 is as follows: If for instance the inlet steam
passes into the annular recess 71, and feeds into the chamber 26, the other

page_text: chamber 26¹ of the piston is the exhaust chamber, and the exhaust steam passes
therefrom into the recess 74. Now, this live steam which enters the recess 71 has
a tendency to act expansively in the said recess so as to force the opposite side of
the piston against the inner side of the rear side piece of the circular casing, and
thereby increase friction. To guard against this, the adjusting screw 78' is turned
out so as to leave the passage 771 open, while the screw 78 is screwed in so as to close
the passage 77. The live inlet steam, therefore, cannot pass from the recess 71
into the annular steam space 76. A portion of the exhaust steam, however, is
free to pass into the annular steam space 76', and the exhaust steam which so
passes into the annular space 76' acts to counteract the pressure of the steam in
the recess against the front side of the piston, and consequently balances said piston.
If, on the other hand, the steam space 761 is receiving inlet steam, and the
space 76 is receiving exhaust steam, then the screw 781 is turned in so as to
close the passage 774, while the screw 78 is turned
out so as tio
open passage 77, thereby allowing the exhaust steam to pass into the steam
space 76, and counteract the pressure of the live steam against the opposite side
of the piston. The steam spaces 76, 761 also serve as constant steam lubricators.
It will be noticed that the sliding gates 35, 351 are provided at their inner edges,
and at the forward ends of said edges, with inwardly-extending arms 79, 79.
These arms pass through suitable stuffing boxes 80, 80, and enter recesses 81, 81
in opposite sides of the projecting bearing of the front side piece of the circular
casing.
In the operation of this form of the engine, and if the conical valve is in the
position shown in Figures 3 & 6, the steam, or other actuating agent, passes
through the inlet 66, into the chamber 67, thence through the port 68, through the
opening 41 of the valve into the passage 69, thence into the passage 70 to the
recess 71, thence through the port 72 into the chamber 26. At the beginning
of the operation, the piston is in the position shown in Fig. 3, that is to say,
with the eccentric portion 25 thereof in the lowermost position, the lower edge of
said eccentric touching the circular bordering rim of the chamber 19. The
steam which thus passes into the chamber 26, finds its exit through the ports 27, 271,
and fills up the space from the point where the packing 31 bears against the rim
of the chamber 19 to the under side of the sliding gate 35. The expansive force
of the steam in this space acts against the eccentric, and causes the piston, together
with the shaft 20, to rotate in the direction of the arrow shown in Figure 7.
Now, by the time the piston has been rotated sufficiently far in the direction
indicated to bring the port 27 above the sliding gate 351, the steam issuing out of
said port 27 will begin to fill up the slight space between the upper side of the
sliding gate 351 and the point where the packing 31 touches the bordering rim of
the chamber 19, said space constantly enlarging with the continued rotation of
the piston.
The space between the under sides of the sliding gates 351 & 35 is
also still being filled from the port 271 until said port 271 likewise gets above the
sliding gate 351. With the continued rotation of the piston the port 28¹ soon
passes below the gate 35, and the moment it gets below said gate the steam con-
fined in the space between the under sides of the two gates begins to exhaust
through the port 281 into the chamber 261, thence. through the port 75 into the
recess 74, thence into the passages 73 & 691, and along the latter to the exhaust
opening 82 at the rear side of the circular casing. As soon as the port 28 passes
below the gate 35, this port also serves to assist port 28 in exhausting into the
chamber 26. Now, after the two exhaust ports 28 & 28¹ have passed above the
sliding gate 351, the two ports 27, 271 are again in position to fill the space below
the under side of the two gates, while the exhaust ports 28, 28¹1 are above the
gate 351 in position to exhaust the steam left in the space above the upper sides of
the two gates. It will be seen from this that a continuous rotary motion is imparted
to the piston.
The inner edges of the sliding gates 35, 351 are intended to touch the periphery
of the piston during the entire time said piston is rotating, but owing

page_text: to the irregular shape of the periphery of the piston caused by the eccentric
formation, said gates are required to move in and out when the eccentric portion
of the piston is touching the same, in order to accommodate themselves to such
irregular shape of the eccentric. The outward movement of the gates is accom-
plished by the projecting portion of the eccentric bearing against the inner edges
of the gates. In order to facilitate the outward movement, however, I have pro-
vided the periphery of the eccentric with the steam leads 29, which permit the
steam to get in between the inner edges of the gates and the periphery of the
piston, and thereby act expansively against said edges, in order to move said
gates outwardly in their guideways or passages. The steam which passes into the
guideways 34 acts against the outer edges of the sliding gates, and causes said
gates to move inwardly, when the contour of the piston requires it. These outer
edges are longer than the inner edges of the gates, as will be clearly seen from
Figure 4, inasmuch as said inner edges are provided with the projecting arms 79
which pass outwardly into the recesses 81, and are exposed to the external atmo-
sphere. This slight excess in length of the outer edges will cause the steam acting
thereagainst to force the gates inwardly against the expansive force of the steam
acting against the short inner edges of the gates. In order to facilitate the passage
of the steam into the guideways 34, I prefer to provide the edges of the gates with
the steam passages 36 hereinbefore referred to. The steam leads 29 also serve to
allow steam to pass to the upper side of the gates to balance the steam pressure
below.
If it is desired to reverse the engine, all that is required to be done is to release
the dog.47 of the operating handle 44 from engagement with the segmental rack,
and move said handle in a direction to turn the conical valve one quarter of a
turn to the left, with respect to Figure 3 of the drawing. This will cause the
passage 42 to be brought into register with the passage 69, and the opening 41
into register with the exhaust 82, at the same time the opening 411
at the
opposite end of the valve is brought into register with the
port 68¹ and the passage 691. The exhaust steam therefore in the
chamber 19 will enter through the ports 27, 271 into the chamber 26 of
the piston, and thence by the passages and ducts herein before described, to the
passage 42 of the conical valve, thence downwardly through the opening 41 into
the discharge, it being obvious that the inlet steam from the chamber 67 cannot
pass directly to the passage 69, in view of the fact that the opening 41 is out of
register with the duct 68 and said passage 69. Steam, therefore, will be exhausted
from the chamber 26 of the piston, while the inlet steam from the chamber 67 will
pass through the duct 681, through the opening 41' of the valve into the passage 691,
thence into the passage 73 to the recess 74, thence through the port 75 into the
chamber 261 of the piston, and thence out through the ports 28, 281 into the
chamber 19. When it is desired to stop the engine entirely, of course all that
is necessary to be done is to turn the handle 44 so that the conical valve will be
turned to such a position that none of its ports are in register with the ducts
leading from the chambers 67.
Figures 9 to 15 illustrate a modified form of my invention. In this modifica-
tion the uprights which extend from the base piece have mounted fast in their
upper ends the opposite ends of a fixed axis 83, which is formed or provided
medially with a fixed piston 84, said piston being provided with two
chambers 85, 851. Each chamber has extending from one point thereof to another
a channel. The channel of the chamber 85 is indicated by the numeral 86, and
the channel of the chamber 85' by the numeral 861. The chamber 85 has extend-
ing therefrom a duct 87, and the chamber 85¹ a duct 87'. These ducts, respectively,
lead to chambers 88, 88' which are formed in the piston, and from these chambers
said ducts are extended through the edge of the piston as indicated by the
numerals 89, 89¹.
The fixed shaft or axis 83 is formed with two parallel longitudinal
channels 90, 90¹, which at their inner ends communicate with the chambers 85, 85¹,
respectively. The numeral 91 indicates a steam inlet pipe, which leads from any

page_text: suitable source of steam supply. This pipe communicates with a passage 92 which
extends across the fixed shaft or axis 83, beneath the longitudinal channels 90, 90¹.
The passage 92 communicates with a transverse valve-opening 93 at the
points 94, 94¹.
Mounted revolubly on the shaft or axis 83 is a casing 95, which casing forms an
interior chamber 96 in which the piston is located. The inner sides of the side
pieces of the casing are extended inwardly and thickened, said inwardly extending
or thickened portions bearing closely against the sides of the piston, but not close
enough to prevent the rotation of the casing. These inwardly projecting portions
conform to the contour of the piston. At diametrically opposite points the casing
is extended outwardly to provide lateral passages 97, 97. In these passages are
adapted to work the reciprocating gates 98, 98, the inner ends of which extend
into the chamber 96, and are adapted to bear against opposite points of the edge
of the piston. These lateral passages 97, 971 have extending therefrom
channels 99, 99¹, said channels communicating with an annular channel 100, which
annular channel in turn communicates with a longitudinal channel 101 in the
shaft 83, said longitudinal channel in turn communicating with the main steam
passage 92.
The sides of the casing are formed, respectively, with outwardly-extending hub
portions which surround the shaft or axis. These hub portions are preferably
formed with recesses, in which are arranged anti-friction rollers, which bear
directly against the shaft, and thereby serve to reduce friction to the minimum.
The outer end of one of these hub portions is provided with a beveled gear 102.
The periphery of the casing has radiating therefrom a series of spokes 103,
which extend to and connect with an outer rim 104. This outer rim forms the
band or pulley for a belt (not shown) for transmitting the power of the engine to
the mechanism to be operated. The outer surface of this rim is advisably provided
with a series of recesses 105. These recesses, when the belt is adjusted around the
rim, form air chambers, and thereby assist in holding the belt by suction to the
surface of the rim. They also form cooling chambers in order to counteract the
effect of any heat on the belt which may be transmitted through the spokes. It
will be evident that the radiating spokes 103 and the connecting outer peripheral
rim 104 possess a distinct advantage. For instance, it would be impracticable to
pass the belt directly around the periphery of the casing, as the heat within the
casing would have the effect of injuring the belt in a very short time. By provid-
ing the radiating spokes on the outer connecting rim, however, and passing the
belt around said outer rim, the belt is thereby almost entirely protected against any
injurious effects from the heat.
This arm
Extending upwardly from one of the standards is an arm 106.
revolubly supports a beveled gear 107, which gear is in mesh with the beveled
gear 102. The governor mechanism employed in this form of device is exactly
similar to the governor mechanism of the form of engine illustrated on Sheets 1,
2 & 3, excepting that the governor weight stems are connected to lugs 108, 108
extending upwardly from the beveled gear 107. The lower end of the rod 64,
however, of the governor mechanism works through a guide formed by an
apertured lug 109 projecting from one of the uprights. Below the arm 106
the rod has pivoted thereto a lever 110. This lever is also pivoted at
the point 111 to the upright, The opposite ends of this lever have preferably
journaled therein anti-friction rollers as clearly shown. Pivoted to the frame work
is a bell-crank lever 112. The horizontal arm of this lever is provided with an
elongated slot, through which slot the rod 64 passes. The lever 110 is arranged
just above the horizontal arm of the bell-crank lever. Said horizontal arm of the
bell-cránk lever has pivoted thereto a plate or leaf 113, which projects at one end
for a short distance over the slot. The vertical member of the bell-crank lever
extends upwardly between two arms 114, 114, the upper extremity of the vertical
member being somewhat enlarged (as shown clearly in Figure 10) and from
opposite ends of this enlargement project trunnions, which trunnions pass freely
through openings formed in the arms 114, 114. The outer ends of the

page_text: arms 114, 114' are formed upon the inner sides thereof with teeth 115. Extending
through the longitudinal channels 90, 90¹ of the fixed shaft are rods 116, 1161
The inner ends of these rods turn in suitable bearings at the inner ends of the
respective channels, and the outer ends of the rods extend through the outer
ends of the shaft 83. Rod 116 is extended outwardly somewhat farther than
rod 116, and said rod 116 has connected to its outer extremity a link 117, the
opposite end of said link being connected to the arm 114. The outer end of
rod 116 has connected thereto a link 118, and the opposite end of this link is
connected to the inner arm 114. Near their inner extremities the rods 116, 116'
have connected thereto respectively, links 119, 1191, and the opposite ends of said
links have connected thereto, respectively, valve rods 120, 120, which valve rods
extend at right angles to the rods 116, 1161 into the chambers 85, 85¹ of the piston,
the ends of said valve rods within said chambers being connected, respectively, to
valves 121, 121¹.
The main valve is indicated by the numeral 122, and this valve is advisably of
conical form and fits in the valve opening 93, which opening intersects the outer
end of the fixed shaft 83. The valve is cut away at diametrically opposite points
to form segmental recesses, a set of these recesses being provided for the respective
longitudinal channels 90, 90¹ of the shaft, Two of said segmental recesses are
indicated by the numerals 123, 123, and the other two segmental recesses by the
numerals 124, 124 (see particularly Figures 10 & 15). This valve has projecting
therefrom a valve-stem 125, and mounted loose on this valve-stem but fast to the
frame work is a segmental rack 126. Mounted fast on the valve-stem is lever 127,
which lever has pivoted thereto a dog or pawl, which dog or pawl, when in engage
ment with the teeth of the segmental rack, is adapted to hold the lever, and con-
sequently the valve, to adjusted position. Connected to the lower end of the
lever 127 is a rod 128. Journaled in a suitable bearing is a short upright shaft 129,
said shaft carrying at its upper end a cam 130 which is fast thereon, the inner
end of said cam being provided with a projecting tooth. As will be seen more
particularly from Figure 10, this cam is arranged between the outer ends of the
arms 114, 114. The rod 128 which is connected at one end to the valve-stem 125,
has connected to its opposite end a short link 131, the opposite end of said link
being connected rigidly to the short shaft '129.
The horizontal member of the bell-crank lever is normally supported in a
horizontal position by means of a spring 132. Another spring 133 is located
above said horizontal arm of the lever, and limits the upward swinging of the
horizontal member.
Within the chambers 88, 88' of the piston are pivoted arms 134, 134. The
lower ends of said arms carry rollers, which work in suitable openings for their
accommodation, and the upper ends of the arms serve as valves to regulate, respec-
tively, the ducts 87, 871. The inwardly-extending thickened portion of one side
of the casing is formed at diametrically opposite points with segmental
recesses 135, 135, and with segmental raised portions 136, 136.
The opposite
inwardly-extending thickened portion of the casing is also formed at diametrically
opposite points with similar recesses 137, 137, and with similar segmental raised
Iortions 138, 1:38. This construction is shown most clearly in Figures 10 & 13.
The operation of the form of engine shown more particularly in Figures 9 to 15
inclusive will now be explained. In the position of the valve-stem lever shown in
Figure 11, the valve 122 is in such position that its diametrically opposite
recesses 123, 123 & 124, 124 will not permit inlet steam to enter the chamber 96,
nor to exhaust therefrom. The machine is, therefore, represented as at a stand
still. The Figure 15 representation, however, shows the valve 122 as having been
turned so as to bring one of its recesses 123 into register with the exhaust open-
ing 139, and also into register with a port 140 leading to the passage 90; and one
of the recesses 124 in register with the port 94 leading from the steam inlet
passage 92, so that inlet steam is free to flow through said port 94, into said
recess 124 of the valve, thence through a duct 140¹ into the passage 90'. The

page_text: exhaust steam, on the other hand, is free to flow outwardly through passage 90,
thence through duct 140 into one of the recesses 123, and thence out through the
exhaust opening 139. The inlet steam flowing inwardly through the
passage 90', enters the chamber 85¹ of the piston, and from said 'chamber passes
into the passage 861, which conducts the steam to the outer end of the chamber 85¹,
and from said outer end of said chamber the steam enters the duct 87. If the
upper end of the arm 134¹ is turned to such position as to uncover the duct 87¹ the
steam is permitted to continue its course through the duct 891 and enter the
chamber 96 in that portion of said chamber between the under side of the sliding
gate 984 and the eccentrically projecting portion of the piston which contacts
with the inner circular wall of the chamber. As the piston is stationary, the force
of the steam in the space referred to will cause a rotation of the casing, and the
rim 104 connected thereto in a direction towards the left of Figure 9. Steam is
also free to pass from passage 92 into the channel 101, thence into annular
passage 100, and thence through channels 99, 991 into the passages 97, 97¹, so as
to act against the outer edges of the gates 98, 981, in order to thereby hold the inner
edges of said gates firmly against the piston. As the casing continues to rotate in the
manner just explained, the space between the under side of the gate 981 and the
eccentric portion of the piston is continually enlarged. It will also be under-
stood that in this movement of the casing the raised segmental surface 138 is
acting against the roller of arm 134', the opposite edge of said roller being
received in the opposite segmental recess, 135, so that the upper end of the
arm 1:34 is swung and held in a position to open duct 87. When the casing has
revolved sufficiently far to bring the raised cam surface 138 out of contact with
the roller of arm 134¹, said roller will then be acted upon by one of the raised
surfaces 136, and the arm 134¹ turned in an opposite direction so as to close the
duct 871, the opposite edge of the roller being received in one of the recesses 137.
This will have the effect of closing off the flow of inlet steam into the casing, and
hence further rotation of the casing will be caused entirely by the expansive force
of the steam already in the chamber 96. It will therefore be seen that throughout
the rotation of the casing there are periods when the casing is rotated by the
inflowing steam, and also periods when the inflowing steam is cut off, and
the casing rotated by the expansive force of the steam already in the chamber of the
casing, whereby a saving is effected in the consumption of steam. It will be
further understood that the raised surfaces 138 on one side also act alternately on
the arm 134, so as to open the duct 87, to permit the exhaust steam to pass into
the chamber 85 of the piston, thence through the passage 86 into the inner end of
said chamber, thence through the longitudinal channel 90 of the shaft, and out
through the final exhaust 139 herein before referred to; and it will be further
understood that when the raised surfaces 138 are not acting on the arm 134, one
or the other of the raised surfaces 136 will be acting thereon so as to throw said
arm in position to close off the duct 87. The duct 87, therefore, is intermittently
opened and closed the same as the duct 87. In order to provide for a continuous
exhaust, however, no matter in which direction the engine is rotating, I run from
each chamber 85, 851 extra ducts, the duct leading from chamber 85 being indicated
by the numeral 141, and the duct from the chamber 851 by the numeral 142.
These ducts lead respectively to the tubular pivots of the arms 134 & 1341
and other ducts 143, 1431 lead from the opposite ends of the tubular
pivots to the casing chamber 96. These ducts 143, 1431 near
outer ends are enlarged to form valve chambers in which inwardly
opening flap-valves 144, 144' are respectively pivoted. From this arrange-
ment it will be obvious that when the inlet steam is flowing through the channel 90¹
into one portion of the casing chamber 96, there is a continuous exhaust from
another portion of said chamber through duct 143, through the tubular pivot of
the arm 134, thence through the duct 141, into chamber 85, thence through
channel 90, and out through the final exhaust 139 and when the engine is running
in the opposite direction a continuous, exhaust occurs through the duct 1431,
their

page_text: tubular pivot of arm 1341 thence through duct 142 into chamber 85¹, along
channel 90' to the final exhaust.
It will be obvious that in order to secure a reversal of the operation of the
engine, all that is necessary to be done is to shift the valve operating lever 127 so
as to reverse the positions of the recesses 123, 123 and 124, 124 of the main
valve 122.
In order to initially start the engine all that is necessary to be done is to turn
the lever 127 on its pivot in the proper direction to bring either set of the recesses
of the valve into register, respectively, with the inlet and exhaust ports herein-
before explained. This movement of the lever 127 also effects another function,
viz., it throws one or the other of the arms 114, 114' in accordance with which way
the lever is turned, out of engagement with the bell-crank lever 112, so that the
governor trip mechanism will only act on the particular arm 114 or 114¹ with
which the bell-crank lever is still in engagement, said arm, through the connection
between the same and the valves 121, 1211 adapted to control the speed of the
engine by regulating the quantity of inlet steam, through the medium of the
governor trip mechanism. The throwing of either arm 114 or 114¹ out of engage-
ment with the bell-crank lever is effected in the following manner, viz. when the
lever 127 is turned in the manner pointed out it will have the effect of moving
the link 128, which link in turn will act on the short link 131, and cause a turning
of the shaft 129. As this shaft 129 carries rigidly at its upper end the cam 130,
said cam will be turned so as to throw its tooth into engagement with the teeth
of either of the arms 114 or 114'. If, for illustration, it will be supposed that the
cam is turned in a direction to throw its tooth into engagement with the teeth
of the arm 114, the outer end of said arm will be thrown out laterally, it being
understood that both of said arms are of spring material, so as to permit them to
be thus sprung outwardly. As the arm 114 is sprung outwardly as thus explained,
it will bring its opening out of engagement with one of the projecting trunnions
of the upper enlarged end of the vertical member of the bell-crank lever 112.
The automatic cut-off of the steam through the medium of the governor
mechanism will now be explained If the speed of the engine becomes too great,
the governor weights will of course fly outwardly by centrifugal force. This
will cause a down movement of the rod 64, which rod in turn will cause a turning
of the lever 110 on its pivot 111, so as to throw the right hand end, Figure 12,
of said lever, down on top of the lid 113. This will cause a turning of the bell-
crank lever on its pivot, and a downward movement of the horizontal arm of
said bell-crank ever. This will permit the right-hand end of lever 110 to roll by
the end of the pivoted lid and pass into the elongated slot of the horizontal member
of the bell-crank lever. It will of course be understood that during this operation
either one or the other of the arms 114 or 114' are out of engagement with one
of the trunnions projecting laterally from the upper end of the vertical member of
the bell-crank lever, as previously explained. It follows, therefore, that with the
down turning of the horizontal member of the bell-crank lever just described,
either the arm 114 or 114' which is still in engagement with the bell-crank lever
is moved longitudinally, and consequently either the valve 121 or 121¹ through the
described connections is pushed outwardly to partially cover or entirely cover the
duct leading to the chamber 96. It will of course be understood that the moment
the right hand end of the lever 110 passes into the slot as just described, the
horizontal member of the bell-crank lever is free to turn upwardly, and the
spring 133 is provided as a cushion to relieve shock or prevent the horizontal arm
of the lever coming into contact with the pivot 111. Of course the effect of the
valve 121 or 121' moving towards the inlet duct leading to the chamber 96 is to
slow up the speed of the engine, and as said speed is thus gradually reduced, the
governor mechanism will again raise the rod 64. As said rod 64 raises, it carries
upwardly with it the lever 110. The upward movement of this lever 110 is not
interfered with by the lid 113, as said lid is hinged so as to swing upwardly.
After the rod 64 is raised back to the position shown in Figure 12, the lever 110

page_text: will be turned back to its Figure 12 position, and the left hand end of said lever
will bear on the horizontal member of the bell-crank lever and cause said lever to
be held at the horizontal position also shown in Figure 12.
In the illustration given the arm 114' is left in engagement with the bell-crank
lever 112. When, therefore, the rod 64 is moved downwardly by the out-flying of
the governor weights, as previously explained, and the bell-crank lever is turned
in the manner described, the arm 1141 is moved longitudinally. This will have
the effect of turning the link 118, which in turn will rotate rod 116', and said rod
will actuate the link 1191 at the inner end thereof, and cause a movement of the
valve-rod 120 and its valve 121¹ outwardly, so as to partially or completely close
the duct 871 for the inlet steam.
The lever 127 which is fast on the valve-stem of the valve 122, in connection
with the duct which is secured to said lever, not only provides a means for revers-
ing the engine by turning the valve 122, so as to reverse the position of the
recesses of said valve, but also for entirely cutting off the flow of inlet steam which
enters through the pipe 91. When the lever 127 is turned to the vertical position
shown in Figure 11, and the dog is permitted to engage the segmental rack, the
valve 122 is turned and held so as to entirely cut off the entrance of inlet steam
into the engine.
In Figure 16 of the drawings, I show a modified form of construction in which
the governor tripping mechanism is entirely dispensed with. In this form the
passages 90, 90¹ are provided in the fixed shaft or axis, and these passages connect
at their inner ends with branch passages 145, 145¹ extending into the piston. These
branch passages in turn are also provided with branch passages 146, 146¹, respec-
tively, leading therefrom at right angles, and laterally through a corresponding
side of the piston. These latter passages 146, 146¹ register with recesses 147, 147¹
formed in the thickened inwardly-extending portion of one side of the casing.
These recesses 147, 1471, respectively, connect the passages 146, 146' with other
passages 148, 148' in the piston. These passages 148, 148' communicate respec-
tively, with the casing chamber 96 by means of ports 149, 1491. It will be under-
stood that the recesses 147, 1471 are struck in the same arc of a circle, and form
only segments of a complete circle, as clearly shown in Figure 17. The remaining
portions of the circle are formed by raised curved segmental surfaces 150, 150¹
(see Fig. 17).
In the operation of this form of device, if the engine is taking inlet steam
through the passage 90, said steam will pass through said passage and enter the
branch passages 145 & 146, and during the revolution of the casing, as the
recesses 147, 1471 are brought into register with the passages 146 & 148, said
recesses will permit the inlet steam to pass into the passage 148 and thence out
through the port 149, to thereby enter the chamber 96 and rotate the piston by
the force of the inflowing steam, while, on the other hand the recesses 147, 147¹
will permit the exhaust steam which is free to enter the port 1491 and passage 1481
to pass by way of passages 1461 & 145¹ into the longitudinal channel 901 of the
fixed shaft. When, however, the raised surfaces 150, 150¹ register with the
passages 146 & 148 and with the passages 1461 & 148', the inlet steam is cut off
to the piston chamber 96, and the exhaust steam from said chamber. During the
time the inlet steam is thus cut off, therefore, the casing is being rotated entirely
by the expansive force of the steam already in the piston chamber 96. When
inlet steam passes through passage 901, of course the reverse operation takes place.
It will be noticed that in this form of construction the passages 99 & 99¹ for con-
ducting the steam to the back of the sliding gates are provided the same as in the
principal form of construction.
Figure 18 illustrates a modification of the means for holding the inner edges
of the sliding gates in contact with the piston. This modification comprehends
the doing away of the feature of introducing steam back of the outer edges of the
gates as in the other forms of construction, and in lieu thereof pro-
viding each gate with an outwardly extending stem 151, which stem

page_text: passes through the outer end of the chamber for the gate. To the outer end
of this stem is secured a cross bar 152, and to the ends of this cross bar
are pivoted links 153, 153. To the inner ends of these links are pivoted the inner
ends of springs 154, 154, the outer ends of said springs being secured to the
rim 104 of the casing. It is obvious that the tendency of the springs 154 is to
exert an inward force on the links 153, and said links in turn an inward force on
the cross bar 152. This will have the effect of forcing the stem 151 inwardly,
and consequently holding the inner edge of the gate in contact with the piston.
When the casing is carried around such distance as to cause the eccentric portion
of the piston to bear on the gate, the pivotal connection formed by the links 153
will allow the outward movement of the cross bar 152, without strain on, or
breakage of, the springs.
Figure 19 represents a modification in the mechanism operated by the governor.
In the form of construction illustrated in Figures 9. to 15 inclusive, the governor
mechanism does not act directly on the valve 122 in order to regulate the speed
of the engine, but upon interior valves 121, 121. In the modified form illustrated
in Figure 19, the steam is cut off by the governor mechanism directly, at the main
valve 122. This modification contemplates the doing away with entirely of the
arms 114, 114 and allied mechanism. Referring to this modified mechanism, the
valve-operating lever 127 is fast on the valve-stem 125 as in the Figure 9 to 15
construction, and also the segmental rack 126 is loose on said valve-stem. The
segmental rack is formed with a projecting arm 155, which has an upwardly
beveled outer end. One end of a coiled spring 156 is secured to the frame work,
and the opposite end of said spring to the arm 155. The lower end of the depend-
ing rod 64 of the governor mechanism has hinged thereto a supplemental rod 157,
and this supplemental rod is formed on its edge which is adjacent to the end of
the arm 155 with a series of teeth, any of which are adapted to engage the end of
the arm 155 to hold said arm in the horizontal position illustrated in Figure 19.
The lower extremity of the supplemental rod 157 is bent at an oblique angle, as
indicated at 158. Adapted to bear against this oblique extension is a roller 159
carried at the end of a short arm 160. A spring 161 is connected to rod 64, and
the free end of said spring bears against the supplemental rod 157, so as to normally
hold the toothed edge of said supplemental rod in engagement with the end of
arm 155. Another spring 162 is located above the arm 155, and is adapted to
limit the upward throw of said arm. The numeral 163 indicates a medially pivoted
lever which carries at one end an anti-friction roller. The opposite end of the
lever is formed with an elongated slot 164, which slot receives a pin -165 projecting
from the rod 157.
In operation, when the speed of the engine becomes too great and the rod 64 is
forced downwardly by the outflying of the governor weights, the supplemental
rod 157 is also caused to move downward slightly, so as to cause the oblique exten-
sion 158 to ride along the roller 159. As the oblique extension is
thus acted on by the roller 159, the supplemental rod is caused to turn on
its hinged joint outwardly away from the end of the arm 155, and thereby release.
the teeth from engagement with the end of the .arm 155. The moment the arm is
thus released the spring 156 will act on said arm and cause the same to move
upwardly, and as the arm is fast to the segmental rack 126, and said rack in
turn is made fast to the lever 127 by the dog, and which lever in turn is fast to
the valve-stem 125, it is obvious that said valve-stem and its valve are turned.
The recesses in the valve are by this movement brought into position to diminish
the supply of inlet steam, or to entirely cut off the supply of said steam, in
accordance with the extent to which the valve is turned. After the speed of the
engine has been decreased, and the rod 64 begins to ascend towards its former
position, the lever 163 is turned on its central pivot, and the end of said lever carry-
ing the roller is caused to bear on the arm 155, and thereby force said arm down
into the horizontal position shown in Figure 19. At the same time the oblique
extension 158 of the rod 157 rides upwardly against the roller, and the spring IG1

page_text: is then free to turn the rod 157 on its hinge so as to throw the lower toothed end
thereof towards the end of the horizontal arm 155, in order to bring one of the
teeth again in engagement with the end of said arm 155. On the return move-
ment of the arm 155 towards its horizontal position, the valve-stem 125 and its
valve 122 are of course again turned towards and to their former position.
Figures 20, 21, 22 & 23 illustrate a still further modified form of engine. The
piston in this modified form is indicated by the numeral 84. The cam projection
of said piston is designated by the numeral 166, and is of somewhat different form
than the cam projection represented in the several other constructions illustrated.
The shaft 83 is provided with the longitudinal channels 90, 90', and channel 90
communicates with a passage 167, said passage communicating at its outer end
with a chamber 168 extending at an angle therefrom. This chamber in turn has
a duct 169 leading therefrom, and communicating with the casing chamber 96.
A steam lead 170 extends from the duct 169, and also communicates with the
casing chamber 96.
Pivoted within the chamber 168 is a plate valve, 171, a pin 172 forming the
pivot. The lower end of this plate valve is bifurcated, and the inner furcate. part
has openings 173, 1731 therethrough. Extending from the plate valve is a lug 174
forming a bearing for a pin 175 on which an arm 176 is pivoted. Arm 176 is
formed at its lower end with an outwardly-turned projection 177, which is adapted
to work through the opening 173 of the plate 171. Also pivoted on pin 175 is an
arm 178, which is likewise formed at its lower end with an outwardly-extending
projection 179 extending into the opening 173. Another lug 180 extends from
the valve-plate 171 above the lug 174, and this lug 180 forms a bearing for a
pin 181, on which pin is pivoted an arm 182, said arm having its lower end pivoted
to arm 178 at the point 183. Within the longitudinal channel 90 extends the
rod 116 similar to the corresponding rod of the Figure 9 construction, and this
rod 116 connects at its inner end to the link 119. The link has connected to its
other end a pitman 184, the opposite end of said pitman in turn being connected
with a transverse pin 185, which pin connects the two arms 176 & 182.
Within a suitable recess or opening 186 in the piston is a pivoted arm 187
Fig. 20. The lower end of this arm carries an anti-friction roller, which is
adapted to be acted upon by segments arranged on opposite sides of the piston.
The anti-friction roller is adapted at certain periods to ride in segmental recesses
not shewn but similar to the recesses 135 or 137 in Figures 10 & 13; or to be acted
upon by segmental raised surfaces similar to 136 or 138, Figures 10 & 13. The
upper end of the pivoted arm passes between the furcate parts of the pivoted
plate 171.
From the longitudinal channel 90' of the shaft or axis 83 extends an exhaust
passage 188, which is prolonged through the piston, so as to communicate with
the casing chamber 96.
It will be understood that the rod 116 in the longitudinal channel 90, at its
outer extremity, is connected to governor trip mechanism similar to that shown,
for instance, in the Figure 9 form of construction. In said Figure 9 form of
engine, two arms 114, 114' are provided. In the present illustration of the modifi-
cation, however, as the engine shown is but a single acting engine, and con-
sequently only one rod 116 is employed, only one arm, say arm 114, is therefore
provided. It will be obvious, however, that this modified construction is equally
applicable to a double acting engine, and in such case, the parts shown on the left
of Figure 20 would be duplicated on the right of said figure, and two rods similar
to 116, 1161 would be provided, one for each longitudinal channel of the shaft, as
in the Figure 9 form, and consequently both arms 114, 114' would also be provided
for connection to the outer ends of the rods, and for operating said rods. In the
operation of the modified form just described, when the speed of the engine becomes
too great, and consequently the rod 116 is acted upon by the governor tripping
mechanism, the pitman 184 will be actuated so as to turn arm 176 on its pivot and
arm 182 on its pivot 181. The turning of arm 176 will be in a direction to draw

page_text: the lower projection 177 out of the opening 173. The effect of the turning of the
arm 182 will be to cause said arm to turn arm 178 in a direction to thrust its
projection 179 through the opening 173. It will also be understood that as the
casing 95 is revolved the raised segmental surfaces are brought into engagement
with the anti-friction roller of the lever 187, which of course will have the effect
of turning said lever 187 on its pivot, the turning of the lever in one direction
causing the upper end thereof to act against the projection 179 which has been
thrust through the opening across the bifurcated portion of the plate valve, and
thereby turn said valve in a direction to close off the duct 169, and consequently
cut off the admission of steam into the casing chamber 96, thereby permitting
the engine to continue its rotation by the expansion of the steam already in said
casing chamber. The plate valve will retain its adjusted position owing to the
friction of the parts, until said valve is actuated in the opposite direction. The
lever 187 will of course continue to be turned by the opposite raised segments,
but said turning will have no effect on the valve plate until the projection 177 is
subsequently thrust through the opening 173 across the bifurcated portion of the
plate valve. When the speed of the engine slows down, the pitman 184 is
operated upon by the rod 116 in an opposite direction to cause the projection 179
to withdraw and the projection 177 to intersect the bifurcated end of the plate
valve. The turning of the lever 187 by the raised segments opposite to those
first referred to, will cause said lever to act on the projection 177, and thereby
swing the plate valve to a position to once more open the duct 169, and thereby
admit steam to the casing chamber.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1. In an engine, the combination, of a casing and a piston within the chamber
of the casing, one of said parts being rotatable and said piston provided with an
inlet passage and with an exhaust passage in communication with the chamber of
the casing, a part provided with a valve opening, and having an inlet opening
leading thereto, and an exhaust opening leading therefrom, and also having
passages leading therefrom and adapted to communicate with the inlet and exhaust
passages of the piston, a valve for regulating the inlet and exhaust passages, said
valve provided with a projecting stem, a governor shaft and governor mechanism
in connection therewith, mechanism between the rotatable part and said governor
mechanism for imparting the rotation of the rotatable part to said governor shaft,
a rod, a connection between said rod and the governor-ball stems of the governor-
ball mechanism, an arm to which the lower end of said rod is connected, the
opposite end of said arm being loosely mounted on the stem of the valve, a
segmental rack fast on the end of the arm, and an operating handle fast to the
stem of the valve, and provided with a dog adapted to engage the segmental rack.
2. In an engine, the combination, of a casing and a piston within the chamber
of the casing, one of said parts being rotatable, and said piston provided with a
suitable inlet passage and an exhaust passage in communication with the
chamber of the casing, a part having a valve opening therein, with an
inlet opening leading thereto and exhaust opening leading therefrom,
and provided with passages leading to the inlet and
exhaust passages
of the piston, a valve for regulating the inlet and exhaust passages, said valve
provided with a projecting stem, a tubular governor shaft, mechanism between
said shaft and the rotatable part for imparting the rotation of the latter to the
governor shaft, governor-ball stems carrying governor balls at their outer ends, a
slidable cap fitted to the outer end of the governor shaft, links connecting said
cap with the governor-ball stems, a rod passing through the cap and through the
governor shaft, a coiled spring about the governor shaft below the slidable cap,
an arm to which the lower end of the rod is connected, the opposite end of said
arm being loosely mounted on the stem of the valve, a segmental rack fast to the

page_text: end of the arm, and an operating handle fast to the stem of the valve, and pro-
vided with a dog adapted to engage the segmental rack.
3. In an engine, the combination of a casing, and a piston within the chamber
of the casing, one of said parts being rotatable, said piston having peripheral steam
leads and provided with inlet and exhaust passages communicating with the
chamber of the casing, mechanism for regulating the inlet and exhaust passages,
slidable gates working in passage-ways in the casing and bearing at their inner
edges against the periphery of the piston, the steam-leads of the piston adapted to
permit steam to bear against the inner edges of the gates, and means for conveying
steam to the space of the passage-ways for the gates between the outer edges of
said gates (which edges present greater surfaces than the inner edges) and the
outer ends of the passage-ways.
4. In an engine, the combination, of a casing and a piston within the chamber
of the casing, one of said parts being rotatable, said piston having inlet and exhaust
passages communicating with the chamber of the casing, mechanism for
regulating the inlet and exhaust passages, slidable gates working in
passage-ways in the casing, and bearing at their inner edges against the
periphery of the piston, said inner edges having projecting arms which extend out
to the external atmosphere, and means for conveying steam to the space of the
passageways for the gates between the outer edges of said gates, and the outer ends
of the passageways.
5. In an engine, the combination, of a casing and a piston within the chamber
of the casing, one of said parts being rotatable, said casing provided with inlet
and exhaust passages leading to recesses on the inner faces of the opposite sides
of the casing, which recesses communicate with passages running through and out of
the piston, and the piston provided upon opposite sides with steam channels, which
are in communication with the recesses of the inner faces of the sides of the casing
by means of connecting passages, set screws for regulating said connecting passages,
and slidable gates adapted to act in conjunction with the piston to divide the
chamber into interchangeable inlet and exhaust compartments, and a valve pro-
vided with suitable ports, so arranged that when one port is in register with the
inlet, the other port is out of register therewith.
6. In an engine, the combination, of a casing and a piston within the chamber
of the casing, one of said parts being rotatable, and the casing provided with an
inlet and with an exhaust, and with a valve opening in communication with the
inlet, said valve opening provided with passages leading therefrom to the interior
chamber of the casing, and a valve within the valve opening, and having ports
therethrough at right angles to each other, one of said ports having a passage lead-
ing thereto at an angle, said ports being thus arranged so that when one port is
in register with the inlet and with the passage leading to the chamber of the
casing, the other port is out of register with the inlet but in register with the
exhaust and with the other passage leading from the inner chamber of the casing,
and when the valve is given a partial turn, the passage of said valve leading to
the port at one end thereof will be brought into register with the inlet, and the
other port of the valve to which said passage leads into register with the exhaust
passage, while the port at the opposite end of the valve is brought into register
with the inlet passage, whereby a reversal of the engine is obtained.
7. In an engine, the combination, of a casing and a piston within the chamber
of the casing, one of said parts being rotatable, said casing provided with suitable
inlet and exhaust passages, a valve for regulating the inlet and exhaust passages,
said valve provided with a projecting stem, a governor shaft and governor
mechanism in connection therewith, mechanism between the rotatable part and
said governor shaft for imparting the rotation of the rotatable part to said governor
shaft, a rod, a connection between said rod and the governor-ball stems of the
governor-ball mechanism, an arm to which the lower end of said rod is connected,
the opposite end of said arm being loosely mounted on the stem of the valve, a
segmental rack fast to the end of the arm, and an operating handle fast to the

page_text: stem of the valve and provided with a dog adapted to engage the segmental
rack.
8. In an engine, the combination, of a casing and a piston within the chamber
of the casing, one of said parts being rotatable, said casing provided with suitable
inlet and exhaust passages, a valve for regulating the inlet and exhaust passages,
said valve provided with a projecting stem, a tubular governor shaft, mechanism
between said shaft and the rotatable part for imparting the rotation of the latter
to the governor shaft, governor-ball stems carrying the governor-balls at their outer
ends, a slidable cap fitted to the outer end of the governor shaft, links connecting
said cap with the governor-ball stems, a rod passing through the cap and through
the governor shaft, a coiled spring about the governor shaft below the slidable cap,
an arm to which the lower end of the rod is connected, the opposite end of said
arm being loosely mounted on the stem of the valve, a segmental rack fast to the
end of the arm, and an operating handle fast to the stem of the valve, and provided
with a dog adapted to engage the segmental rack.
9. In an engine, the combination, of a rotatable casing consisting of an inner
circular chamber provided with inlet and exhaust passages, a series of spokes
radiating from the casing, and a peripheral connecting rim for said spokes, a
stationary piston within the chamber of the casing, and provided with a lower
peripherally extending cam projection contacting at a lower point with the wall
of said chamber, said piston also provided with ports, respectively, in register with
the inlet and exhaust passages, slidable gates carried by the rotatable casing, and
adapted to act in conjunction with the piston to divide the chamber into inter-
changeable inlet and exhaust compartments, and a valve provided with suitable
passages, so arranged that when one passage is in register with the inlet, the other
passage is out of register therewith but in register with the exhaust.
10. In an engine, the combination, of a rotatable casing forming an inner
circular chamber provided with inlet and exhaust passages, a series of spokes
radiating from the casing, and a peripheral connecting band rim for the spokes,
said band rim provided on its outer surface with a series of recesses to form air
chambers beneath the band, which is adapted to surround the rim; a stationary
piston within the chamber and provided with a lower peripherally extending cam
projection contacting with the wall of the chamber, said piston also provided with
ports, respectively, in register with the inlet and exhaust passages, slidable gates
carried by the rotatable casing and adapted to act in conjunction with the piston
to divide the chamber into interchangeable inlet and exhaust compartments, and
a valve provided with suitable passages, so arranged that when one passage is in
register with the inlet, the other passage is out of register therewith but in register
with the exhaust.
11. In a rotary engine, the combination, of a shaft or axis, a casing forming an
interior chamber, and a piston within the chamber, said piston provided with
peripherally extending cam projection, and one of the latter parts being rotatable,
and said shaft or axis provided with longitudinal passages extending to and in
communication with passages or chambers in the piston, said passages or chambers
in the piston being in communication with the casing chamber, one of said longi-
tudinal passages being adapted to act as an inlet passage, and the other or said
longitudinal passages as an exhaust passage, opposite segments formed in the rotatable
part, with opposite recesses in the same arc of a circle and continuous with the
segments, the segments adapted to close the inlet and exhaust passages or chambers
in the piston, and the segmental recesses to open said passages or chambers, the
inlet passage or chamber when thus opened permitting the inlet steam to flow to
the casing chamber to actuate the rotatable part, and said inlet passage or chamber
when closed by the segments causing the rotatable part to be revolved solely by
the expansion of the steam already in the casing chamber, slidable gates adapted
to work against the edge of the piston, and a valve for regulating the admission of
steam to one of the longitudinal passages of the shaft or axis, and for exhausting
the steam through the other longitudinal passage of said shaft or axis.

page_text: 12. In a rotary engine, the combination, of a shaft or axis, a casing forming an
interior chamber, a piston within said chamber, said piston provided with a
peripherally extending cam projection, and one of said latter parts being rotatable,
and the shaft or axis provided with longitudinal passages extending to and com-
municating with passages or chambers in the piston, said passages or chambers
in the piston being in communication with the casing chamber, and one of said
longitudinal passages of the shaft adapted to act as an inlet passage, and the other
of said longitudinal passages as an exhaust passage, sets of opposite segments
formed in the rotatable part with opposite recesses for each set in the same arc of
a circle with the segments and continuous therewith, pivoted arms for regulating
the passages or chambers of the piston which lead into the casing chamber, the
arm for the inlet opening adapted to be acted upon by the segments of one set so
as to turn said arm to a position to have one end uncover the inlet opening, and
its other end to be received in the segmental recesses of the opposite set, and when
acted upon by the segments of the other set to turn the arm so as to cause one end to
cover the inlet opening, and its opposite end to be received in the segmental recesses
of the opposite set, and the arm for the exhaust opening being adapted to be acted
upon in a similar manner to cover and uncover the exhaust opening leading from
the casing chamber into the chamber or passage in the piston, slidable gates
adapted to bear at their inner edges against the edge of the piston, and a valve
for regulating the admission of steam to one of the longitudinal passages of the
shaft or axis, and for the exhaust of the steam through the other longitudinal
passage of said shaft or axis.
13. In a rotary engine, the combination, of a revoluble casing forming an
interior piston chamber, a stationary piston having passages or chambers therein
communicating with the chamber of the casing, a fixed shaft or axis to which the
piston is rigidly connected, said shaft or axis provided with longitudinal passages
extending to and communicating with the passages or chambers in the piston, one
of said longitudinal passages adapted to act as an inlet, and the other of said longi-
tudinal passages as an exhaust, opposite segments formed in the casing, with
opposite recesses in the same arc of a circle as the segments and continuous there-
with the segments adapted to close the inlet and exhaust passages or chambers
in the piston, and the segmental recesses to open said passages or chambers, the
inlet passage or chamber, when thus opened permitting the inlet steam to flow to
the chamber of the casing to actuate said casing, and said inlet passage or chamber
when closed by the segments, causing the casing to be revolved solely by the
expansion of the steam already in the casing chamber, slidable gates adapted at
their inner edges to bear against the edge of the piston, and a valve for regulating
the admission of steam to one of the longitudinal passages of the shaft or axis,
and for exhausting the steam through the other longitudinal passage of said shaft
or axis.
14. In a rotary engine, the combination, of a revoluble casing forming an
interior piston chamber, a stationary piston having passages or chambers therein
communicating with the chamber of the casing and provided with a peripherally
extending cam projection, a fixed shaft or axis to which the piston is rigidly con-
nected, said shaft or axis provided with longitudinal passage extending to and
communicating with the passages or chambers in the piston, one of said longi-
tudinal passages adapted to act as an inlet, and the other of said longitudinal
passages as an exhaust passage, sets of opposite segments formed in the casing,
with opposite recesses for each set in the same arc of a circle with the segments,
and continuous therewith, the segments of the respective sets adapted to close the
inlet and exhaust chambers in the piston, and the segmental recesses to open
said passages or chambers, the inlet passage or chamber when thus opened per-
mitting the inlet steam to flow to the chamber of the casing to actuate said casing,
and when said inlet passage or chamber is closed by the segments causing the 5
casing to be revolved solely by the expansion of the steam already in the casing
chamber, slidable gates adapted at their inner edges to bear against the edge of

page_text: the piston, and a valve for regulating the admission of steam to one of the longi-
tudinal passages of the shaft or axis, and for exhausting the steam through the
other longitudinal passage of said shaft or axis.
15. In a rotary engine, the combination, of a revoluble casing forming an
interior chamber, a stationary piston having passages or chambers therein com-
municating with the chamber of the casing, said piston provided with recesses and
with a peripherally extending cam projection, a fixed shaft or axis to which the
piston is rigidly connected, said shaft or axis provided. with longitudinal passages
extending to and communicating with the passages or chambers in the piston, one
of said longitudinal passages adapted to act as an inlet, and the other of said longi-
tudinal passages as an exhaust, sets of opposite segments formed in the casing,
with opposite recesses for each set, said recesses being in the same arc of a circle with
the segments, and continuous therewith, arms pivoted in the recesses of the piston,
said arms adapted for regulating the ducts leading from the passages or chambers
of the piston to the casing chamber, the arm for the inlet opening adapted to be
acted upon by the segments of one set, so as to turn said arm to a position to have
one end thereof uncover the inlet opening and its opposite end to be received in
the segmental recesses of the opposite set, and when acted upon by the segments of
the outer set, to turn the arm so as to cause one end to cover the inlet opening, and
its opposite end to be received in the segmental recesses of the opposite set, and the
arm for the exhaust opening adapted to be acted upon in a similar manner to cover
and uncover the exhaust duct, slidable gates adapted at their inner edges to bear
against the edge of the piston, and a valve for regulating the admission of steam
to one of the longitudinal passages of the shaft or axis, and for exhausting the
steam through the other longitudinal passage of said shaft or axis.
16. In a rotary engine, the combination, of a revoluble casing forming an
interior chamber, said casing provided with opposite segments and with opposite
recesses which are in the same are of a circle as the segments and continuous
therewith, a piston within the chamber of the casing, said piston having passages
or chambers, therein communicating with the segments and with the segmental
recesses, and also having other passages therein communicating with said segments
and recesses and with the chamber of the casing, and said piston further provided
with a peripherally-extending cam projection, a fixed shaft or axis to which the
piston is rigidly connected, said shaft or axis provided with longitudinal passages
extending to and communicating with the passages or chambers in the piston, one
of said longitudinal passages adapted to act as an inlet, and the other of said
longitudinal passages as an exhaust, slidable gates adapted at their inner edges
to bear against the edge of the piston, and a valve for regulating the admission
of steam to one of the longitudinal passages of the shaft or axis, and for exhaust-
ing the steam through the other longitudinal passage of said shaft or axis.
17. In a rotary engine, the combination, of a revoluble casing forming an
interior chamber, said casing provided with sets of opposite segments and opposite
recesses, the recesses being in the same arc of a circle as the segments, and con-
tinuous with said segments, a piston within the chamber of the casing, said piston
having passages or chambers therein, one passage or chamber communicating
with the segments and recesses of one set, and the other passage or chamber with
the segments and recesses of the other set, and said piston also having other
passages therein communicating each with one of the passages or recesses in the
piston and with the chamber of the casing, and said piston further provided with a
peripherally extending cam projection, a fixed shaft or axis to which the piston
is rigidly connected, said shaft or axis provided with longitudinal passages extend-
ing to and communicating with the passages or chambers in the piston, one of said
longitudinal passages adapted to act as an inlet, and the other of said longitudinal
passages as an exhaust, slidable gates adapted at their inner edges to bear against
the inner edge of the piston, and a valve for regulating the admission of steam
to one of the longitudinal passages of the shaft or axis, and for exhausting the steam
through the other longitudinal passage of said shaft or axis.

page_text: 18. In a rotary engine, the combination, of a revoluble casing forming an
interior chamber, a piston within the chamber of the casing, said piston having
passages or chambers in communication with the chamber of the casing, a fixed
shaft or axis to which the piston is rigidly connected and said shaft or axis pro-
vided with longitudinal passages extending to and communicating with the
passages or chambers in the piston, a valve for regulating the admission of steam
to one of the longitudinal passages of the shaft or axis, and for exhausting the
steam through the other longitudinal passage of said shaft or axis, rods within
the longitudinal passages of the shaft or axis, means for operating said rods, valves
within the passages or chambers in the piston, and adapted for regulating the
ports or ducts leading from said passages or chambers in the piston to the chamber
of the casing, and connections between the axis and said valves.
19. In a rotary engine, the combination, of a revoluble casing forming an
interior chamber, a piston within the chamber, said piston having passages or
chambers in communication with the chamber of the casing, a fixed shaft or axis
to which the piston is rigidly connected, said shaft or axis provided with longi-
tudinal passages extending to and communicating with the passages or chambers
in the piston, a main valve for regulating the admission of steam to one of the
longitudinal passages of the shaft or axis, and for exhausting the steam through
the other longitudinal passage of said shaft or axis, rods within the longitudinal
passages of the shaft or axis, valves within the passages or chambers in the piston,
and adapted for regulating the ports or ducts leading from said passages or chambers
in the piston to the chamber of the casing, connections between the rods and said
valves, arms connected to the outer ends of the rods, a shaft carrying at one end a
cam which is located between the arms, a connection between the valve-stem and
the shaft carrying the cam, a bell-crank lever having its horizontal arm provided
with an elongated slot and also having detachable connections with the arms,
one of said arms being thrown out of engagement with the bell-crank lever when
the valve-stem is turned in either direction, an upwardly opening hinged leaf
secured to the horizontal arm of the bell-crank lever, and extending for a distance
over the end of the slot, and governor mechanism operating on the bell-crank
lever so as to turn the same when the speed of the engine becomes too great, and
thereby move the arm to which it is connected so as to operate on one of the valves
in the passage or chamber of the piston, in order to slow up the speed of the
engine.
20. In a rotary engine, the combination, of a revoluble casing forming an
interior chamber, a piston within the chamber, said piston having passages or
chambers in communication with the chamber of the casing, a fixed shaft or axis
to which the piston is rigidly connected, said shaft or axis provided with longi-
tudinal passages extending to and communicating with the passages or chambers
in the piston, a main valve for regulating the admission of steam to one of the
longitudinal passages of the shaft or axis, and for exhausting the steam through
the other longitudinal passage of said shaft or axis, valves within the passages or
chambers in the piston, and adapted for regulating the ports or ducts leading from
said passages or chambers in the piston to the chamber of the casing, connections
between the rods and said valves, arms connected to the outer ends of the rods, a
shaft carrying at one end a cam which is located between the arms, a connection
between the valve-stem of the main valve and the shaft carrying the cam, a bell-
crank lever having detachable connections with the arms, one of said arms being
thrown out of engagement with the bell-crank lever, when the valve-stem is turned
in either direction, governor mechanism, a rod connected to said governor
mechanism, and adapted to be moved downwardly and upwardly thereby as the
speed of the engine is increased or decreased and a lever located above the horizontal
member of the bell-crank lever, and pivoted at a point intermediate of its ends,
and also pivoted at a point intermediate of its ends, to the rod of the governor
mechanism.
21. In a rotary engine, the combination, of a casing forming a chamber, a piston

page_text: therein, said piston provided with a peripherally-extending cam projection, a
sliding gate adapted to bear at its inner edge against the edge of the piston, a
stem projecting from the gate, and provided at its outer end with a cross-bar,
links pivoted to said cross-bar, and springs pivoted at their inner ends to the links.
22. The combination, of, a valve, a valve-operating lever fast on the stem of the
valve, a segmental rack loose on the valve-stem, said rack formed or provided with
a projecting arm, a spring acting on the arm to normally turn said arm on the
valve-stem, a dog pivoted to the valve-operating lever and engaging with the
segmental rack, governor mechanism, a rod adapted to be acted upon by
the governor mechanism so as to be caused to descend on an increase of speed of the
engine and to ascend on a decrease of speed of the engine, a pivoted lever having
a pivotal connection also with the rod, said rod on its descent adapted to cause a
turning of the arm so as to turn the valve in a direction to cut off the supply of
the actuating medium, and when the speed of the engine decreases and the rod
ascends, the lever pivoted to the rod adapted to cause the arm to turn so as to turn
the valve and gradually bring the engine to a normal or faster speed.
23. The combination, of a valve, a valve-operating lever fast on the stem of
said valve, a segmental rack loose on the valve-stem, said rack formed or provided
with a projecting arm, a spring acting on said arm to normally throw the same
upwardly, a dog pivoted to the valve operating lever and engaging the segmental
rack, governor mechanism, a rod depending therefrom and adapted to be caused
to descend on an increase of speed of the engine, and to ascend on a decrease of
speed of the engine, a supplemental rod pivoted to the first-named rod, said supple-
mental rod provided with teeth on its edge adjacent to the end of the arm, and
also having its lower extremity formed with an oblique extension, a spring secured
to the governor rod and bearing at its free end against the supplemental rod, a
roller adapted to bear against the oblique extension of the supplemental rod, and
a lever pivoted at a point intermediate of its ends, and also having a pivotal con-
nection with the supplemental rod.
24. In a rotary engine, the combination, of a revoluble casing forming an inner
chamber, a stationary piston within said chamber and having a cam projection
extending therefrom, a longitudinal shaft for the piston, said shaft having longi-
tudinal channels therein, said channels communicating with chambers
or passages in the piston, which chambers or passages communicate with
the casing chamber, a pivoted plate valve within one of the piston passages
or chambers and adapted to control the admission of steam to the casing
chamber, arms pivoted to the plate valve and having their lower ends formed with
projections adapted to register with openings in the end of the plate valve, one of
said arms being of greater length than the other, another short arm pivoted at a
medial point to the plate valve, and also connected at its upper end to the long
arm and at its lower end to the other short arm, governor trip mechanism,
mechanism connected to the connected long and short arms and adapted to be
acted upon by the governor trip mechanism so as to alternately throw the arms
having the projections inwardly and outwardly through the openings of the plate
valve, a lever pivoted in the piston, means for actuating said lever so as to cause
the same to act on the projections of the arms, and gates adapted to have their
inner edges held yieldingly against the edge of the piston.
BOTTOMLEY & LIDDLE,
Chartered Patent Agents, 154, St. Vincent Street, Glasgow,
Agents for the Applicant.