IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING, TWISTING, OR DOUBLING WORSTED OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES, AND IN MEANS FOR PREPARING PART OF SUCH APPARATUS
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Michael Stell, of Hamerton Mill, Bradford, in
the County of York, Worsted Spinner, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING, TWISTING, OR
DOUBLING WORSTED OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES, AND IN MEANS FOR
PREPARING PART OF SUCH APPARATUS."
Sealed the 2nd August 1870, and dated the 5th February 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Michael Stell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th February 1870.
I, MICHAEL STELL, of Hamerton Mill, Bradford, in the County of
3 York, Worsted Spinner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING, TWISTING,
OR DOUBLING WORSTED OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES, AND IN MEANS FOR
PREPARING PART OF SUCH APPARATUS," to be as follows:-
"
One part of this Invention relates to the "trap twisting frame" or
O machinery for twisting or doubling worsted or other fibrous substances,

page_text: and the improvements consist in having the trap rollers supported in
swivelling bearings and arranged that ou the breakage of any one of the
twisted yarns its trap roller will fall back at the top end, and be removed
from contact with the driving means, and thereby cease to rotate. For
driving these rollers I prefer to employ an endless belt or band running
behind the said rollers at right angles thereto and in contact with pullies
fixed on the bottom parts thereof when the yarn is in continuity, but
when any one of the yarns break that roller will be removed from
contact with the driving belt, and rotation will thereby cease. Instead
of belts for driving these rollers friction wheels may be used. For this
purpose also the tubes now used for carrying the bobbins on stationary
spindles or studs I may drive by friction wheels, as aforesaid.
Another part of this Invention relates to machinery for spinning or
twisting fibrous substances, technically known as "cap frames," and
the improvements consist, firstly, in a method of mounting and driving
the bobbins. For this purpose I employ wharles to run loosely on or
near the foot of the studs or fixed spindles under the lifter plate with
loose tubes resting upon them and driven by pins in the wharles entering
notches in the tubes, or vice versa. These tubes have cach a weighty
flange at bottom end, and one or two feathers or ribs on the side thereof,
and the bobbins are formed with one or two slots, so as to fit the tubes
and slide freely thereon. The bobbins are supported upon and moved up
and down on the tubes by the ordinary lifter plate. Secondly, in con-
structing each cap with one or more openings in its side for the passage
of a current of air produced when the bobbin is in quick rotary motion,
by which I obtain a better class of yarn.
•
Another part of this Invention relates to means or apparatus for
producing the groove or grooves in the bobbins required for carrying
into practice the second part of my Invention, and consists of a stud or
mandrill of the same diameter as the hole in the bobbin to be grooved,
which is fixed in suitable framework. A longitudinal groove is formed
in one side of this mandrill, and a drill is mounted in suitable bearings
and partly embedded in the said groove so as to rotate thereon. Another
mandrill of similar diameter is also fixed upon a movable bracket
opposite to and in line with the other mandrill, upon which the bobbins
to be grooved are placed, and then pushed forward towards the rotary

page_text: drill and upon the mandrill which carries the said drill, until the drill
has passed through the bobbin and thus drilled or formed a slot
longitudinally through it.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Michael Stell in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 5th August 1870..
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I; MICHAEL
STELL,. of Hamerton Mill, Bradford, in the County of York, Worsted
Spinner, send greeting,
WHEREAS: Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of February, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-
third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Michael Stell, Her special licence
that I, the said Michael Stell, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said Michael Stell, my exccutors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should.
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR.
SPINNING, TWISTING, OR DOUBLING WORSTED OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES, AND,
IN MEANS FOR PREPARING PART OF SUCH APPARATUS,” upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Michael Stell, my executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months. next and immediately after the date of the said Letters,
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Michael Stell, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention and in what manner the same is to be

page_text: 8
say) :-
One part of this Invention relates to the "trap twisting frame" or
machinery for twisting or doubling worsted or other fibrous substances,
and the improvements consist in having the trap rollers supported in
swivelling bearings, and so arranged that on the breakage of any one of
the twisted yarns its trap roller will fall back at the top end and be
removed from contact with the driving means, and thereby cease to
rotate. For driving these rollers I prefer to employ an endless belt or
band running behind the said rollers at right angles thereto and in
contact with pullies or toothed wheels fixed on the bottom parts thereof
when the yarn is in continuity, but when any one of the yarns break
that roller or wheel will be removed from contact with the driving belt,
and rotation will thereby cease. Instead of belts for driving these
rollers friction wheels or toothed wheels may be used for this purpose,
in which case swivelling bearings will not be essential. Also the tubes
now used for carrying the bobbins on stationary spindles or studs I may
drive by friction wheels, as aforesaid.
Another part of this Invention relates to machinery for spinning or
twisting fibrous substances, technically known as "cap frames," and
the improvements consist, firstly, in a method of mounting and driving
tho bobbins. For this purpose I employ wharles to run loosely on or
near the foot of the studs or fixed spindles under the lifter plate with
loose tubes resting upon them, and driven by pins in the wharles
entering notches in the tubes, or vice versa. Or instead of pins, as
aforesaid, I may apply to the wharles or the tubes, or both, rings of
gutta percha, india-rubber, leather, or other substance to produce
friction, and thereby drive the tubes by the frictional contact thereof
with the said wharles, or for driving the said tubes I may form a
tapered socket or recess in the wharlo and a cone or conical part on the
foot of the tube fitting into the socket, or vice versa. Also for holding
the tube out of contact with the wharle I put a spring on the spindle
rail to reach up a little above the foot of the tube, so that when the tube
is lifted out of contact with the wharlo a catch in the end of the
spring will bear up the tube until the bobbin is doffed or the broken
thread is recovered, or while any other irregularities in the yarn aro
corrected, when the tube can be easily thrust off the catch of the spring,

page_text: and the tube again set in motion. By these improvements the wharle
will be kept in constant motion and thereby much labour saved and
wear and tear of bands and machinery prevented. These tubes have cach
a weighty flange at bottom end, and one or two feathers or ribs on the
side thereof, and the bobbins are formed with one or two slots so as
to fit the tubes and slide freely thereon. The bobbins are supported
upon and moved up and down on the tubes by the ordinary lifter
plate. Secondly, in constructing each cap with one or more openings
in the side for the passage of a current of air produced when the
bobbin is in quick rotary motion, by which I obtain a better class of
yarn.
Another part of this Invention relates to means or apparatus for
producing the groove or grooves in the bobbins required for carrying
into practice the second part of my Invention, and consists of a stud or
mandril of the same diameter as the hole in the bobbin to be grooved,
which is fixed in suitable framework. A longitudinal groove is formed
in one side of this mandrill, and a drill is mounted in suitable bearings
and partly embedded in the said groove so as to rotate thereon. Another
mandrill of a similar diameter is also fixed upon a moveable bracket
opposite to and linable with the other mandril, upon which the bobbins
to be grooved are placed and then pushed forward towards the rotary
drill and upon the mandril which carries the said drill, until the
drill has passed through the bobbin, thus drilling or forming a slot
longitudinally through it.
In order that the said Invention may be clearly understood I herein

page_text: the bottom end of the spindle, and shewn in contact with an endless.
belt C, which belt is carried by a series of rollers D arranged so as to
hold the said belt in suitable position, and having sufficient amount of
tension to act upon and give rotary motion to a series of pullies or
toothed wheels B, so as to produce rotary motion of the "trap rollers."
E is a spring lever, which is hinged at E' and held in the position shown
by the yarn F (when in continuity) pressing upon and holding the
tweezle lever G in the position now shown, which keeps or holds the
pulley or wheel B. in close contact with the driving belt C. But when
the yarn breaks the tweezle end G of the lever G is not pressed thereby,
and the other end G overbalancing or being heavier than the end G¹
falls, and it thereby ceases to hold the spring lever E in its present
position, and the trap roller being, then at liberty suspended on the
pivots and arranged to have a tendency to fall back and remove tho
roller or wheel B out of contact with the belt C rotary motion of the
said "trap roller" ccases. Or instead of pullies or spur toothed wheels.
and an endless belt, bevel toothed wheels. may be applied to these
spindles, and be driven by other bevel wheels fixed on a horizontal shaft
in the manner shewn at Fig. 3; and any of such wheels on the said.
spindles may be removed out of gear with its driver when the yarn
breaks by having the end of the lever G when it drops made to enter
into a spiral groove H formed on the back or boss of the said wheel,
whereby the said wheel will be lifted. Or instead of the toothed wheels.
being lifted a slidable catch plate or clutch plate I may be held in
contact with the wheel whon the yarn is in continuity by means of. the
lever G, but when the yarn breaks the plate will fall out of contact or
out of gear, as before explained (and as shewn in Fig. 4). Also in some
cases friction wheels may be employed instead of toothed wheels: for
driving these spindles. And I may also use such friction wheels for
driving the tubes now used for carrying the bobbins employed in
spinning or twisting machinery.
The second part of my Invention is shewn on Sheet 2 of these
Drawings, where Fig. 1 is a vertical section of a cap and its spindle, also
a tube with a bobbin thercon and means or apparatus for driving the
saine. A is the cap; B, the spindle or stud fixed in a rail C in the
usual manner; D is a wharle loose on the spindle and resting on a
washer or collar E, which is also loose on the said spindle; F is the tubo

page_text: fitting loose on the spindle, and having a weighty flange resting upon
the wharle D, in which are fixed two pins d which pass through holes
in the flange of the tube to drive it (as shewn at Fig. 2). On two
opposite sides of this tube are two ribs or feathers (f) which fit into
slots formed in the bobbin G, by which the said bobbin is driven or
carried around, and it is traversed or moved up and down thereon by
the lifter rail or lifting plate H in the usual manner. In some cases
instead of pins & I use a ring of gutta percha, india-rubber, leather, or
other similar or suitable substance to produce friction in manner as
shewn at Fig. 3. Or I form the flange of the tube conical and a suitably
shaped recess in the wharle, as shown at Fig. 4; or they may be vice
versa, a recess formed in the flange, and the wharle formed conical to fit
it. In order to hold the tube out of contact with the wharle to prevent
rotary motion being given to it when so required, a spring catch I is
fixed on the rail C which will slip under the flange of the tube when it
is raised up, and will slip out again when the tube is pressed down on
the wharle. Fig. 5 is a cap in elevation, shewing three round holes or
openings in the side for the passage of air, but which openings may of
course be made of any other form. By means of such holes I obtain a
better class of yarn.
The third part of the said Invention is shewn in Sheet 3, wherein
Fig. 1 is an elevation of the drill or apparatus for drilling the slot holes
in bobbins to be employed in carrying into practice the second part;
Fig. 2 is a plan of the same; and Fig. 3 is an end view of a bobbin when
the slots are cut therein. A is the stud or mandril, which is fixed in a
stand B attached to a bed plate C, which may be fixed to any ordinary
bench; D is a drill of suitable size mounted on the stud or mandril
partly embedded into it, and having a pulley E thereon, which by means
of a driving band communicates rotary motion to the said drill from any
source of power; F is another stand to support the end of the drill;
G is a bracket hinged to the bed plate at G¹, and secured in the position
shewn by means of a lever or locking handle H, which is also hinged to
the bed plate; I is another stud or mandril of the same size as the holo
in the bobbin to be slotted, on which the bobbin J is placed to be
operated upon by the drill. This is effected by the attendant pushing
the bobbin forward towards the drill and upon the mandril A until the
drill passes through the said bobbin, when it is withdrawn upon the

page_text: mandril I again, then by means of the lever or handle II the bracket (
is set at liberty to fall back, so that the bobbin can be taken off the
mandril and replaced with another to be operated upon in like manner.
In order to have both the slots cut exactly opposite to each I have a
portable guide a to fit into a slot formed in the under side of the drill
mandril, as shewn in the section, Fig. 4, to be used for cutting the
second slot.
In witness whereof, I, the said Michael Stell, have hereunto set
my hand and scal, this Third day of August, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by
the within-named Michael Stell,
in the presence of
J. W. TASKER,
Clerk to W. Tasker,
Patent Agent,
MICHAEL STELL. (L.S.)
Halifax & Bradford.