IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY , OR APPARATUS FOR CRUSHING OR REDUCING GRAIN, SEEDS, AND OTHER PROAL SPATION
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Enoch Oldfield Tindall, of Scarborough, in the County
of York, Engineer, for the Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
, OR APPARATUS FOR CRUSHING OR REDUCING GRAIN, SEEDS, AND OTHER
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Enoch Oldfield Tindall
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
6th October 1859.
I, ENOCH OLDFIELD TINDALL,. of Scarborough, in the County of York,
Engineer, do hereby declare.the.nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CRUSHING. OR REDUCING GRAIN, SEEDS, AND OTHER
SUBSTANCES," to be as follows, that is to say:ali
This Invention relates especially to such machinery as is used for crushing,
rolling, or reducing oats, barley, and other grain and seeds,..but it, is also
applicable in variety of other machines, for reducing different substances... As
fitted up for crushing oats and barley; the whole of the working details, are
carried upon the top of an open cast-iron -frame, in which are. the bearings
for a pair of parallel horizontal metal crushing rollers, these being surmounted
by a stationary hopper or feeding receiver. Each crushing rollers is: grooved
annularly along its entire surface, and when at work the: projections on ope
3

page_text: roller fit into the corresponding recesses or grooves in the other. The grooves
and ridges may be of various forms or transverse sections, but they are by pre-
ference V-shaped or triangular. The object of grooving the operating rollers
is to present a large working surface to the grain, and at the same time to
enable them to feed more evenly, and crush with less expenditure of power
and with greater rapidity than plain rollers. The rollers are geared together
in the usual manner by spur pinions, and they are adjustable as regards
mutual contiguity by a pair of horizontal end screws operating upon the
bearings of one roller. This roller is situated directly beneath the centre of
the hopper, and it thus acts itself as a feeder. The feed of the material to
be crushed is regulated by a sliding diaphragm outside the hopper worked by
a screw, the lower edge of this diaphragm being thus capable of being set
exactly at the necessary distance from the external roller, which is carried in
stationary bearings. There are also attached to the hopper, two stationary
clearer pieces notched on their lower edges to fit into the grooves of the
rollers, and thus prevent them from clogging. The driving of the improved
crusher is effected by a winch-handled fly-wheel fast on the projecting end of
the spindle of the external roller.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent
filed by the said Enoch Oldfield Tindall in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 5th April 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ENOCH
OLDFIELD TINDALL, of Scarborough, in the County of York, Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixth day of October, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-third year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give or grant unto me, the
said Enoch Oldfield Tindall, Her special license that I, the said Enoch Oldfield
Tindall, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Enoch Oldfield Tindall, my executors, administrators, or assigns should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times, thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CRUSHING OR REDUCING GRAINS, SEED, AND OTHER

page_text: SUBSTANCES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Enoch
Oldfield Tindall, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Enoch Oldfield Tindall, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:-
My said Invention relates especially to such machinery as is used for
crushing, rolling, or reducing oats, barley, and other grain, and sceds; but it is
also applicable in a variety of other machines for reducing different substances.
As fitted up for crushing oats and barley, the whole of the working details are
carried upon the top of an open cast-iron frame, in which are the bearings for
a pair of parallel horizontal metal crushing rollers, these being surmounted by
a stationary hopper or feeding receiver. Each crushing roller is grooved
annularly along its entire surface, and when at work, the projections on one
roller fit into the corresponding recesses or grooves in the other. The grooves
and ridges may be of various forms or transverse sections, but they are, by
preference, V-shaped or triangular. The object of grooving the operating
rollers is to present a large working surface to the grain, and at the same time
to enable them to feed more evenly and crush with a less expenditure of power
and with greater rapidity than plain rollers. The rollers are geared together
in the usual manner by spur pinions, and they are adjustable as regards mutual
contiguity, by a pair of horizontal end screws operating upon the bearings of
one roller. This roller is situated directly beneath the centre of the hopper,
and it thus acts itself as a feeder. The feed of the material to be crushed is
regulated by a sliding diaphragm outside the hopper, worked by a screw; the
lower edge of this diaphragm being thus capable of being set exactly at the
necessary distance from the external roller, which is carried in stationary bear-
ings. There are also attached to the hopper two stationary clearer pieces,
notched on their lower edges, to fit into the grooves of the rollers, and thus
prevent them from clogging. The driving of the improved crusher is effected
by a winch-handled fly wheel fast on the projecting end of the spindle of the
external roller.
And in order that my said Invention may be properly understood, I shal
now proceed to describe the several Figures on the accompanying Sheet

page_text: of Drawings, for the purpose of showing certain modifications under which my
improvements may be judiciously carried out in practice, that is to say:-
Figure 1, on the Sheet of illustrative Drawings, is a complete external side
elevation of one modification of my machinery or apparatus for crushing or
reducing grain, seeds, and other substances; the improved arrangements being
represented as carried out in a crushing or reducing mill of the ordinary form
as regards. its general structure. Figure 2 is a corresponding ertical sectional
elevation of the upper or actual operating part of the machine. Figure 3 is
an end, elevation of the mill or machine complete, as looking on the delivery
end of the shoot by which the reduced matters are conveyed away from the
rollers to their proper receptacle. Figure 4 is a transverse horizontal section
or sectional plan of the machine, as taken immediately beneath the supplying
hopper, and showing the rollers in plan. The mill or machine as thus fitted
is especially intended for crushing or reducing oats and barley, but it is also.
applicable for a variety of other purposes. The working parts of the machine.
are entirely carried upon an open cast-iron frame, consisting of two partially
curved standards A, having base flanges as feet for standing on the floor, and
three horizontal transverse tie rods B, fitted with nuts at each end for bolting
the two standards together and affording stays thereto. The upper stays or
bolts B serve also to attach the rectangular case or crushing box C containing
the crushing rollers. This case or box is in two sections, bolted together at D.
The lower section has upon its upper edges two pairs of bearings E, for the
spindles of the two parallel horizontal crushing rollers F, G, both which are
driven by the large hand-winch fly wheel H. This fly wheel is keyed upon one
end of the spindle I of the crushing roller F, which is thus driven direct by the
fly wheel. The opposite end of the first-motion spindle I has keyed upon it a
spur pinion J, in gear with the spur wheel K. This spur wheel, which has
twice the number of teeth in the pinion F, is keyed upon the projecting end of
the spindle of the crushing roller G. In this way the roller F runs at twice
the speed of the roller G.
Each of the rollers is grooved annularly along its entire surface, or from
end to end, such grooves with their corresponding projections being either in
the form of undulations, or angular, or V-shaped. They may be of various
forms, but they are by preference V-shaped or triangular in transverse section,
as shown more particularly in the sectional plan, Figure 4. They are
adjustable as regards mutual contiguity by a pair of horizontal end screws L,
which operate upon the bearings of the spindle of the roller G, which bearings
are capable of traversing horizontally. In this way the rollers can be set to
operate upon various substances, as well as to crush to a finer or coarser size,

page_text: as may be desired.. The roller G is disposed directly beneath the supplying
mouth of the hopper or receiver M, so that in its motion it acts itself as a
feeder of the material to the crushing movement. The hopper M is screwed
down upon the top of the upper section of the case C, and it is fitted with a
sliding door or regulating diaphragm N outside the hopper, worked by a
screw O, for the purpose of adjusting the quantity of material. With this
door and screw the lower edge of the door or diaphragm can be set exactly at
the necessary distance from the first motion roller, which is carried in stationary
bearings, so that the quantity of raw material supplied from the hopper to the
crushing rollers can be most accurately adjusted. The mill is supplied with
grain in the usual way by the hopper, and as the projections of one roller fit
into the grooves of the other the crushing or reducing action is very materially
improved. The grooves and ridges present an increased working surface as
compared with plain rollers, and the interlocking of the peripheries causes
them to act with much greater energy than plain cylinders. In addition to
these advantages the improved form of the rollers causes the feed to be even
and regular, so that the crushing is effected with greater rapidity and with a
less expenditure of power than in the ordinary mills. To keep the grooves of
the rollers clear there is attached to the hopper M a clearing diaphragm P,
and a second plate or diaphragm Q is fitted to the case C, the lower edges of
both being notched to fit to the peripheries of the rollers, and thus prevent all
clogging. The crushed or reduced matters are delivered from the mill by the
inclined shoot R. The rollers may either be driven at different speeds, as
represented in the Drawings, or they may both be driven at the same rate,
but it is preferred to actuate them at different rates, so as by the frictional
action of their peripheries to gain a superior crushing or reducing effect.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, I would observe, in conclusion, that what I consider novel and
original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-
before in part recited Letters Patent, is,-
First, the general arrangement and construction of machinery or apparatus
for crushing or reducing grain, seeds, and other substances, as herein-before
described.
Second, the system or mode of equalising the feed or supply of raw material
to crushing mills or machines by means of annularly grooved rollers, as herein-
before described.
Third, the system or mode of feeding, crushing, or reducing mills or

page_text: apparatus by the agency of one of the actual crushing or reducing rollers, as
herein-before described.
Fourth, the system or mode of working grooved crushing rollers wherein
one roller is driven at a higher rate than the other, for the purpose herein-
before described.
Fifth, the application and use, in connection with annularly grooved
crushing rollers, of clearers or cleansing edge surfaces shaped to correspond
to the roller surfaces.
In witness whereof, I, the said Enoch Oldfield Tindall, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Third day of April, One thousand
eight hundred and sixty.
ENOCH OLDFIELD TINDALL. (L.B.)