CERTAIN IMPROVED MODES OF AND APPARATUS FOR APPLYING PREPARED FUEL TO VARIOUS CULINARY AND DOMESTIC PURPOSES
Year: 1838

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
JOYCE, of Camberwell New Road, in the County of Surrey, Gardener, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Fifteenth day of March, in the First year of Her reign, and
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and thirty-eight, did, for
Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said Thomas
Joyce, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I,
the said Thomas Joyce, my executors, administrators, and assigns, and such
others as the said Thomas Joyce, my executors, administrators, or assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times during the term of years therein mentioned, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of
Berwick-upon-Tweed, and Her Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad,
my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVED MODES OF AND APPARATUS FOR APPLYING
PREPARED FUEL TO VARIOUS CULINARY AND DOMESTIC PURPOSES;" in which said
Letters Patent is contained a proviso obliging me, the said Thomas Joyce, by
an Instrument in writing under my hand and seal, particularly to describe

page_text: and ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and the manner in which
the same is to be performed, and to cause the same to be inrolled in Her
Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as
in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at
large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Thomas Joyce, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, are particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following description thereof, reference being 1
had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked
thereon, that is to say :-
Whereas Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria was gra-
ciously pleased to grant to me, the said Thomas Joyce, Her Royal Letters
Patent, bearing date at Westminster, the Sixteenth day of December, in the 1
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and thirty-seven, for my
Invention of "Improved Apparatus for Heating Churches, Warehouses, Shops,
Factories, Hothouses, Carriages, and other places requiring Artificial Heat,
and Improved Fuel to be used therewith;" now my present improvements
consist in certain modes of and apparatus for applying the said prepared fuel a
to certain culinary and domestic purposes not contemplated in, my former
Patent, viz, plate warmers, or chambers or closets to keep plates, dishes, and
viands hot, tea and coffee urns, and kettles, intended either to boil liquids
contained therein, or to keep them at a desired temperature, wine or beer
warmers, or urns used for heating or warming such fluids; also ironing a
stoves, and other heating apparatus for laundry use, such as fluting or, frilling
irons and common flat irons, likewise hot closets for airing and drying linen
and other articles; and lastly, apparatus for heating the fluid contained in
baths, coppers, and other vessels, to which the external application of fire
would be inconvenient; all of which improved apparatus are susceptible of $
slight modifications. I will therefore proceed to describe such arrangements
as I have found to answer for the various applications and purposes for which
they are intended, without confining myself to the precise forms thereof,
referring to the accompanying Drawings. to illustrate the same.
Fig. 1 of the accompanying Drawings is an elevation of one construction of 3
a cylindrically shaped plate warmer, one of the doors being shewn open to
expose the interior.
a, a, is the outer casing of tin or plate metal, which may
be encased or covered with wood. to prevent radiation of heat, if thought
desirable. It is supported on, legs, to allow access of air to the under part of

page_text: the stove or chamber 6 containing the fuel, or it may be supplied with air to
support combustion from within the apparatus through holes c, c, near its
bottom. The interior of the plate warmer is furnished with two, three, or
more shelves d, d, to receive plates, dishes, or viands, the bottom plate e also
serving for this purpose. The centre of the apparatus is occupied by the stove
or fuel chamber b, which may be let into a recess or not, as thought
desirable, and the inner edges of the shelves d are supported by rods f, f,
extending from the top to the bottom of the apparatus. 9 is a cap piece or
cover applied to an aperture formed in the top plate h, and is pierced with
small holes to allow the escape of hot air or vapour arising from the viands
or the stove. Through the aperture in this plate the stool can be readily
removed to be supplied with fuel or to ignite the same when required. The
plate warmer has one or two doors i, according to the size of the apparatus,
and handles k, by which it can be readily carried about. The stove in which the
fuel is consumed is in this instance made portable, and can readily be drawn
out of the apparatus by its handle 7, it being supplied with air at the bottom,
and the draft regulated by a governor or sliding valve m at its top. The
arrangement and construction of the interior of the stove will be clearly seen
in some of the herein-after described sectional Figures, and therefore need not
be further explained at present.
Fig. 2 is a front elevation of another plate warmer, which is shaped and
formed as an oblong square closet or cupboard with folding doors. The same.
letters of reference being marked upon this as the foregoing Figure, no further
description will be necessary..
Fig. 3 is an external representation of a tea or coffee urn, intended either
to boil water or coffee, or keep the same at a required temperature. a, a,
is the outer casing of the urn; the foot or standard 6 is made hollow to admit
of the passage of air to support combustion of fuel in the stove c; the air
passes through apertures d, d, in the inverted cone e placed at the bottom.
fis the exit valve or governor for regulating the degree of draft through the
stove, and consequently the combustion of the fuel. In this instance the
regulator is placed in the lid or cover of the fuel chamber in a short
chimney h, which projects through the lid or cover of the urn, and by opening.
or shutting the apertures of this valve, either by raising or lowering it, or
turning round the knob i, the degree of draft will be regulated.
Figure 5 is an extenal representation of a ten-kettle, the arrangement
and method of heating being much like the urn just described. A short
description will suffice, the same letters of reference being marked upon corre-
sponding parts as in the latter Figures. In this instance the exit aperture of

page_text: the stove or fuel chamber c does not enter the lid of the kettle, and from the
small dimension of the stove no regulating valve is required, the apertures for
the admission of air being such as to allow only of the requisite degree to
support the proper combustion of the fuel. The kettle may either be furnished
with 3 or 4 legs, or placed upon a separate stand or trivet k to allow the air
access to the stove.
Fig. 7 is an external representation of an apparatus or urn for quickly
heating or warming wine, beer, or other liquors, and at the same time contain-
ing a quantity of hot water. Fig. 8 is a section of the same taken vertically.
Fig. 9 is a plan view. a, a, is the outer casing of the urn or apparatus.
b, the stove or chamber for the fuel, receiving its supply of air to support
combustion through the apertures c of the short tube d attached to the bottom
plate or movable flap or shutter c, which is capable of being opened to remove
any dust or ashes which may remain after the combustion of the fuel. The
top or cover of the stove f is supplied with the governor valve g to regulate the
degree of combustion. h, i, k, are three small funnels attached to the top of the
urn and supplied with covers. The liquids to be heated are to be poured into
these funnels; the one, h, is for water, and opens direct into the interior of the
casing or chamber a, a; the other, i, is intended for beer, and is connected
with the pipe 1, l, which is coiled around the stove several times, and is
furnished with a cock m at its lower end. The funnel k is intended for
heating wine or other liquids, which are generally required in smaller quantities
than beer; it is connected to the pipe n, coiled a less number of times round the
stove, and is furnished with the cock o. The other or water cock p opens
direct to the water chamber. The apparatus may be supported with any
description of feet or standards which will allow of the admission of air to the
stove. It will be seen that the combustion of fuel in the chamber will com-
municate heat to the water in the urn, and that any liquid poured into the
funnels i or k will, in its descent through the pipes 7 or m, become heated or
warmed, and can be drawn off in this state by their taps or cocks.
Fig. 10 is an external representation of one of my improved ironing stoves
or apparatus for laundry use, in which both Italian or frilling irons, as well as
flat irons, are heated. Fig. 11 is a vertical section of the same. In this
instance the ironing apparatus is constructed with a double casing. a, a, is
the outer casing supported on legs in any convenient manner. b, b, is the
inner casing stove or fuel chamber, supplied with the inlet and outlet apertures
for air, e and f, as in the former instances. c, c, are the Italian or frilling
irons, which are of different sizes, and placed so that two or more persons can
use them at one time, the irons receiving their heat direct from the stove;

page_text: they are attached either to the inner or outer casing; the latter is supplied
with a cover d, which may be used or not, as thought necessary. The top of
the fuel chamber 9 can be removed to supply the fuel or ignite the same, and
has the exit aperture ƒ formed in it. This cover also forms a hot plate, upon
which flat irons, as at h, h, are to be placed for the purpose of heating them.
i, i, are handles for carrying the apparatus from one place to another.
Fig. 12 is an external representation of an apparatus which may be con-
sidered either culinary or domestic, as it is equally applicable for heating or
warming irons for laundry use, or as a hot plate or stove for heating or boiling
the contents of saucepans and stewing or preserving utensils, &c. Fig. 13 is
a vertical section, and Fig. 14 a plan view of the same shewing flat irons
placed on the hot plate. In this apparatus the object is to keep the ignited
fuel as near to the top part or hot plate as possible. This may be effected by
properly shaping the bottom of the stove or top or cover of the inlet aperture
for the air. a, a, is the casing of the apparatus, which is in the form of an
inverted cone, and supported by legs or standards. 6 is its top or cover,
supporting the fuel chamber c, through which the fresh fuel is supplied, and
which may either be attached to the cover or not, as thought desirable. d is
the aperture for the admission of air to the fuel, which opens into the cone e,
having the conical cover f placed upon it, the air escaping to the interior of
After a portion of the fuel
the chamber a by holes g, g, formed in the cone e.
has been ignited in the chamber a, the remainder is to be placed in the
chamber c, c. h is the cover of the fuel chamber, which can be removed at
pleasure, and the draft through the stove regulated by the governor i, as before
stated.
Fig. 15 is a sectional Figure of another ironing stove or hot-plate apparatus
of the same description, in which the fuel chamber c is placed at the end in
such a manner as to leave the whole of the hot plate or cover of the chamber
a, a, to be used for the culinary or domestic purposes above named. The same
> letters of reference being marked on corresponding parts to those last described,
no further description will be required, the apparatus being supplied with a
small exit pipe or tube k furnished with a regulator to determine the degree
of combustion, the air being admitted thro' holes or apertures at m. Fig. 16
is a plan or horizontal view of the same.
Fig. 16* is a front view of a hot closet for airing or perfectly drying linen
and other articles. It is constructed after the manner of the plate-warming
apparatus, Fig. 2, but in this instance the shelves are formed of wires or rods
placed across the chamber, upon which the articles may be hung loosely or
placed in piles upon them. a, a, is the casing of the apparatus; b, the stove

page_text: or fuel chamber; c, the rods or wire shelves; d, the doors. It will be evident
that this apparatus may be made of any required size, and is applicable to
warming or drying various kinds of articles, and as there are no sparks allowed
to escape from the fuel, danger of fire is avoided.
Fig. 17 is a side representation of a stove or apparatus intended for heating
liquids contained in baths, coppers, or other vessels where the external appli-
cation of a stove is inconvenient, and is intended to be placed in the water or
fluid contained in such vessels, either floating or not; as may be desired.
Fig. 18 is a vertical section, Fig. 19 a plan, and Fig. 20 an end view of the
same. a, a,. is the casing or fuel chamber, which is supplied with fuel as
required through the aperture or tube b, which may be of any length to
increase the draft. The bottom of the stove or grating to support the fuel in
this instance is formed of hollow tubes c, c, open at their ends to the water in
the bath, which is allowed to flow through them. f is another tube placed
in the same manner, and consequently increasing the heating surface.
The passage for the air to the stove is formed by the side wings g, g, which-
are open by the ways h, h, to the under part of the grating or tubes. In
applying this stove to heating fluids contained in a bath or other vessel, the
fuel is first to be ignited in the chamber a, a, and then placed in the liquid,
fuel being added until the same is raised to the required temperature; the
apparatus is intended to be. sunk in the fluid, so that the same shall flow
over the top plate of the fuel chamber, as shewn by the dotted water line in
the Figures:
Having now described and ascertained the nature of my present Invention,
and the manner of carrying the same into effect in the several novel or peculiar
arrangements and constructions of apparatus applicable to various culinary
and domestic purposes, I desire it to be understood that I do not claim as any
part of my present Patent the preparation of fuel herein-before named, but I
do claim the application of the said prepared fuel to any of the culinary and
domestic purposes herein described.
And I further claim the improved modes of an apparatus for applying the
prepared fuel herein named to the purpose of heating or warming in the
various culinary and domestic operations as herein-before set forth and
described, which are not contemplated, included, or described in my former
Patent before alluded to.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Joyce, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Fifteenth day of September, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and thirty-eight.
.
{
1
THO
(L.S.) JOYCE.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Fifteenth day of September, in
the second year of the reign of Her Majesty Queen Victoria, the said Thomas
Joyce came before our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknow-
ledged the Instrument aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and
specified, in form above written. And also the Instrument aforesaid was
stamped according to the tenor of the Statute made in the fifty-fifth year of
the reign of His late Majesty King George the Third.
TA