IN- PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF FISH HOOкs
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Isaiah Williams, of Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick, Merchant, and Rasmus Carolius Hansen Wallendahl,
of Bergen, in the Kingdom of Norway, but at present residing
at Birmingham, aforesaid, Merchant, for the Invention of "IN-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF FISH HOOкs."-A
communication from abroad by Ole Ruskeland, of Bergen, in tho
Kingdom of Norway.
Sealed the 22nd December 1869, and dated the 8th July 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Isaiah Williams
and Rasmus Carolius Hansen Wallendahl at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 8th July
1869.
We, ISAIAH WILLIAMS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Merchant, and RASMUS CAROLIUS HANSEN WALLENDAHL, of Bergen,
in the Kingdom of Norway, but at present residing at Birmingham,

page_text: aforesaid, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF FISH Hooks," to
be as follows:-
The said Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described
in machinery for the manufacture of fish hooks, by which improved
machinery pieces of steel or iron wire are barbed, pointed, cut off of the
required length, and the ends flattened. The said pieces of wire after they
have been operated upon by the machine are properly bent and finished
by hand or otherwise, all the essential work having been done by the
said machinery.
A machine made according to the said Invention consists essentially
of the following arrangement or combination of parts:-A drum or
drums turning on horizontal axes carry the coils of steel or iron wire
from which the fish hooks are to be made. The machine operates upon
two wires simultaneously. The wires are fed through tubular feeders
inclined upwards. The inner ends of the wires protrude from the ends
of the said tubular feeders, and when at rest a cutter advances horizontally
and cuts barbs near the said ends of the wires, the inclined position of
the wires and the horizontal position of the cutter giving the required
angle to the barbs, After the retiring of the barb cutter a plate
advances in a horizontal plane, and engaging in the barbs pushes
the wires under the cutter by which they are afterwards cut off,
and brings their ends between the tools by which the point of the
hook is made. These tools consist of a pair of dies fixed in vertical
levers and a middle vertical tool situated between the said dies. The
two barbed wires on the closing of the vertical levers are compressed
at their ends, and the said ends pointed. The metal removed to form
the points is not cut off by the dies described, but is cut off by cutters
on the said vertical levers, the said cutters being situated below the
said dies. In order to cut away the superfluous steel the wires are
depressed into a lower horizontal plane, by which they are brought
between the said vertical levers containing the cutter's tools; on the
said levers closing again the waste steel is cut away, During this
process the barbed ends of the wires are supported on shoulders on either
side of the middle tool, The wires are cut off of the required length and
their ends flattened by means of the cutter and tool under which the
wires passed after the barbing process. The pieces of wire are now
removed from the machine by a cross bar or knocker off, This bar not

page_text: only forces the wires from the machine, but also effects the depression
herein-before referred to of the barbed and pointed wires for the purpose
of bringing them between the cutters for removing the superfluous metal
at the point. The said bar has two motions; the one a short slow
descending motion to depress the wire for cutting, the other a rapid
motion through a greater range for knocking the barbed wires from tho
machine. In order more readily to liberate the barbed and pointed
wires the middle tool is made capable of receding. This is effected by
making it turn upon a joint; a horizontal arm at the back of the said
tool is depressed by a spring, and the said tool thereby kept in its normal
psition. When the barbed and pointed wires are forced from the machine
the said arm is raised, and the said tool thereby made to retire and leave
the pointed ends of the wire free. The closing motion of the point
forming and cutting dies or tools is by preference effected by an adjustable
weight, the opening motion of the same being effected by the direct
action of the principal or driving shaft, from which shaft the motions
of the other parts are taken, the return motions being either effected
directly from the said driving shaft or by means of springs.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Isaiah Williams and Rasmus Carolius Hansen
Wallendahl in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 3rd January.
1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, ISAIAH
WILLIAMS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Merchant,
and RASMUS CAROLIUS HANSEN WALLENDAHL, of Bergen, in tho
Kingdom of Norway, but at present residing at Birmingham, aforesaid,.
Merchant, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of July, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-
third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto us, the said Isaiah Williams and Rasmus Carolius
Hansen Wallendahl,. Her special licence that we, the said Isaiah
Williams and Rasmus Carolius Hansen Wallendahl,, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Isaiah

page_text: Williams and Rasmus Carolius Hansen Wallendahl, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF FISH НоокS," a communication to
us from abroad by Ole Ruskeland, of Bergen, in the Kingdom of
Norway, upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Isaiah
Williams and Rasmus Carolius Hansen Wallendahl, our executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under our or their hands:
and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us or them, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Isaiah Williams, on behalf of myself
and the said Rasmus Carolius Hansen Wallendahl, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, that is to say :--
The said Invention consists of the improvements herein-after described
in machinery for the manufacture of fish hooks, by which improved
machinery pieces of steel or iron wire are barbed, pointed, cut off of the
required length, and the ends flattened. The said pieces of wire after
they have been operated upon by the machine are properly bent and
finished by hand or otherwise, all the essential work having been done
by the said machinery,
A machine made according to the said Invention consists essentially
of the following arrangement or combination of parts: A drum or
drums turning on horizontal axes carry the coils of steel or iron wire
from which the fish hooks are to be made. The machine operates upon
two wires simultaneously. The wires are fed through tubular feeders
inclined upwards. The inner ends of the wires protrude from the ends
of the said tubular feeders, and when at rest a cutter advances
horizontally and cuts barbs near the said ends of the wires, the inclined
position of the wires and the horizontal position of the cutter giving the

page_text: required angle to the barbs. After the retiring of the barb cutter a
plate advances, and engaging in the barbs pushes the wires under the
cutter by which they are afterwards cut off, and brings their ends
betwecu the tools by which the point of the hook is made. These
pointing tools consist of a pair of dies fixed in vertical levers and a
middle vertical tool situated between the said dies. The two barbed
wires on the closing of the vertical levers are compressed at their ends,
and the said ends pointed. The metal removed to form the points is not
cut off by the dies described, but is cut off by cutters on the said vertical
levers, the said cutters being situated below the said dies. In order to
cut away the superfluous metal the wires are depressed into a lower
horizontal plane, by which they are brought between the said vertical
levers containing the cutting tools. On the said levers closing again
the waste metal is cut away. During this process the barbed ends of
the wires are supported on shoulders on either side of the middle tool.
The wires are cut off of the required length, and their ends flattened by
means of the cutter and tool under which the wires passed after the
barbing process. The pieces of wire are now removed from the machine
by a cross bar or knocker off. This bar not only forces the wires from
the machine but also effects the depression herein-before referred to of
the barbed and pointed wires for the purpose of bringing them between
the cutters for removing the superfluous metal at the point. The said
bar has two motions; the one a short, slow, descending motion to depress
the wire for cutting the points, the other a rapid motion through a
greater range for knocking the barbed and pointed wires from the
machine. In order more readily to liberate the barbed and pointed
wires the middle tool is made capable of receding. This is effected by
making it turn upon a joint; a horizontal arm at the back of the said tool
is depressed by a spring, and the said tool thereby kept in its normal
position. When the barbed and pointed wires are forced from the
machine the said arm is raised, and the said tool thereby made to retire
and leave the pointed ends of the wires free.
Having explained the nature of the said Invention, we will proceed
to describe, with reference to the accompanying Drawings, the manner in
which the same is to be performed.
Figure 1 represents in front elevation, Figure 2 in back elevation, and
Figure 3 in plan, a machine to be used in the manufacture of fish hooks
constructed according to the said Invention; Figures 4, 5, and 6 are

page_text: parts of the machine; and Figure 7 is a vertical section of the upper part
of the machine showing the action of the principal tools drawn to a
larger scale. The same letters and figures of reference indicate the same
parts in each of the Figures of the Drawings.
a, a, is the frame of the machine, and 6 is the bed plate. At the top
of the frame a, a, the feeding arrangement, and the barb cutter, and the
cutters for cutting off and flattening the barbed lengths of wire are
situated. The separate standard or upright a² carries the mechanism
for pointing the barbed wires and for removing them from the machine.
The said standard a³ is capable of being separated to a greater or less
distance from the fixed frame a, a, for adapting the machine to the
making of fish hooks of different sizes. The bottom of the standard a³
works in slots in the bed plate b, and the frame a, a, and standard a² are
connected together by the screws a³, a³, and lock nuts at a', a'. The
wires c, c, from which the fish hooks are to be made are coiled on drums,
the said wires being uncoiled from the said drums by the action of the
machine. These drums are not represented in the Drawings, as they
constitute no essential part of the machine. The two wires c, c, from
the drums are fed through inclined tubular feeders d, d, situated side by
side (one only of these feeders is shown), the inner ends of the said
wires c, c, protruding from the nozzles of the feeders d and resting on
the bed or block d (see Figure 7). The inclined feeders d are supported
by the supports d², d², secured to the framing of the machine, the feeders
being fixed in the said supports by the set screws d. Before putting
the machine to work the wires c, c, from the drums are passed by hand
into and through the feeders d, d, the required distance, but on working
the machine the said wires are fed automatically into the said machine.
On the wires c, c, fed into the feeders d, d, coming to rest on the bed d'a
horizontal cutter e advances and cuts the barbs near the ends of the wires,
the inclined position of the wires c, c, and the horizontal position of the
cutter e giving the required angle to the barbs, as represented in Figure 7.
In the plan, Figure 3, the barb cutter e is shown barbing the two
wires c, c.
The barb cutter e is carried by the dovetail slide aⓇ on the
bed as of the machine, and the said barb cutter is fixed to the slide by
the pin and nut at e. The length of stroke of the barb cutter e may
be adjusted by the screw fon the slide taking into a screw box e³ affixed
to the cutter (see Figure 7). A slot is made in the barb cutter e, through
which the stem of the pin e² passes to permit of the adjustment
described. After the retiring of the barb cutter e; a spring plate g acting

page_text: as a carrier or pusher advances in an inclined direction upon the inclined
feeders d, d, and engaging in the barbs which have just been cut upon
the wires, pushes the said wires over the fixed cutter h² of the pair of
cutters h, h, and also between the pointing tools i, i, . The plate.or
carrier 9 is guided in its motion by projections on the said plate
working in inclined slots at gå in the upper part of the frame of the
machine (see Figures 1 and 2). The cutters h, h, consist of a fixed
tool h² and a moveable tool for cutting off the lengths of wires fed by
the carrier plate g and for flattening the wires at the cut off parts. On
the descent of the moveable tool or cutter the wires between the
cutters h, h, and tools i, 2, are carried down by the said moveable cutter,
and lengths of wire are cut off by the edge of the said cutter hand-the
edge of the fixed die or bed d', the flattening of the wires at the cut off
parts being effected between the inclined edges of the two tools h, h²,
where they meet. During the operation of the pair of cutters 1, 2, and
while the ends of the barbed wires are held between the said cutters h, h³,
the barbed lengths of wire marked in Figure 7 are operated upon by
the pointing tools i, . A front elevation of these pointing tools and the
standard as in which they are carried is represented in Figure 4. The said
pointing tools consist of a pair of levers i, i, turning on the centres, ³,
and a middle vertical tool suspended upon the joint * between the
upper acting ends of the said levers. These levers i, i, are opened and
closed in the manner herein-after described. When the said levers are
closed the barbed ends of the wires which have been fed by the spring
plate or carrier g between the acting inner faces of the levers i, i, and
the acting inner faces of the middle tool are compressed between the
said faces and flattened to form the points of the fish hooks. One of the
barbed wires which has been cut off from the length of wire in the
feeder d, and the cut off end flattened by the tools h, h, and the barbed
end pointed by the operation of the upper ends of the tools or levers i, i,
and middle tool is represented in the machinc in Figure 7, and
on a larger scale in Figure 8. The superfluous metal of the pointed
part c³, Figure 8, of the barbed wires requires next to be removed in
order to point the wire at the barb in the manner represented in Figure 9.
This superfluous metal is cut off by the operation of the cutters 1, 1,
affixed in the levers i, i, below the acting parts of the said levers by
which the compressing or pointing of the barbed ends is effected.
These cutters are represented in Figure 4 in the levers i, i, the said
levers i, i, being closed a second time to operate the said cutters. The

page_text: said Figure 4 represents a front view of the pointing tools and the parts
by which they are actuated, and also the supporting upright a³ of the
said tools and their actuating parts after the levers i, 2, have flattened
or pointed the ends of the barbed wires; the said barbed wires are
depressed at the barbed ends to bring them under the operation of the
levers 1, 1, in the pointing levers i, i. The depressing of the barbed
wires (Figure 7) is effected by the cross bar m having a limited rising
and falling motion. When the bar m is made to descend the barbed
ends of the wires are carried down opposite the cutters 1, 1, and
against the shoulders near the bottom of the middle tool . By
means of these shoulders the wires are supported at the barbed ends
during the action of the cutters 7, 1. When the wires are supported by
the shoulders the levers i, i, close a second time and advance the
cutters. 1, 1, which cut off obliquely the superfluous metal from the
point ends of the wires, and thereby complete the pointing of the said
ends, the barbed and pointed wires now assuming the shape represented
in Figure 9. The barbed and pointed wires are next removed from the
machine. This is effected by the cross bar m which serves both to
depress the wires for finishing the points, and for ejecting the finished
wires from the machine. After the pointing cutters 1, 1, have retired by
the opening of the levers i, i, the cross bar m is again depressed through
such a distance as to knock the barbed and pointed wires from the
machine. The bar m in its second descent passes through a greater
rango of motion than in its first descent to effect the knocking off
described. In order more readily to liberate the barbed and pointed
wires from the pointing tools by the knocker off the middle tool is
made capable of receding. This is effected by suspending the said tool
on the joint carried by the bracket n on the top of the standard or
upright a. Connected with the said tool 3 is a weighted horizontal
arm p. By raising the arm p in the manner herein-after described the
tool is made to turn on its joint in the direction indicated by the arrow
in Figure 7, and is removed from between the upper acting ends of the
levers i, i. The wires are thus liberated from between the levers i, i,
and middle tool i, and by the action of the knocker off or bar m the
said wires are with certainty removed from the machine. The middle
tool is returned to its place between the pointing levers i, i, and
maintained there during the action of the said pointing levers by the
spring (see Figure 1). During the operation of the pointing tools i, i,
and and I, 1, the ends of the wires c, c, protruding from the tubular

page_text: feeders d, d, are barbed by the advance of the barb cutter e, and on the
retiring of the cutter h, pointing tools i, i, and knocker off m, the
carrier plate g again advances, and engaging with the barbs on the wires
pushes them between the cutting off and pointing cutters and tools
h, h, i, 2, when the operations already described. are repeated.
As the carrier plate g advances the barbed wires between the last-
mentioned cutters and tools a further quantity of wire is drawn from
the drums into the feeding tubes d, d, thus the feeding forward of the
barbed wires feeds forward at the same time further lengths to be barbed.
Figures 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, and 17 represent of the full size
several of the working tools of the machine; Figure 10 representing in
side elevation, and Figure 11 in plan the bed or block d' and the
cutting off and flattening tools or cutters h, h; Figure 12, the said tools
or cutters h, h, in front elevation, and Figure 13 a plan of the under side
of the cutter h; Figure 14 representing the middle tool of the pointing
tools i, ; Figure 15 representing in side elevation, and Figure 16 in
plan the pointing tools 1, 1, and middle tool i, and Figure 17 represent-
ing an end elevation of one of the pointing tools 1. The tool h is
provided with guides 7, which on the descent of the said tool enter holes
in the fixed tool h³.
We will now describe the mechanical arrangements by which the
several working parts of the machine are actuated and the details of the
said parts. is the main shaft of the machine, carrying the fly wheel s
and fast and loose pulleys (not shown in the Drawings). On the shaft r
is a toothed wheel or pinion t, which gears with the toothed wheel π on
a parallel shaft, and the toothed wheel u gears with the toothed wheel v.
The reciprocating sliding motion of the barb cutter e is given in the
following way-On the bed as a dovetail slide a works (see Figures 3
and 5), to which the barb cutter e is affixed in the manner previously
explained. A reciprocating motion is given to the slide a through the con-
necting rod w, lever x, and connecting rod z, the said connecting rodz
being keyed to the pin of the crank y on the shaft of the middle toothed
wheel u. The parts for working the slide a will be best traced by referring
to the elevation, Figure 1, and plan, Figure 3. The advance motion of
the carrier plate g is effected by the upper end of the arm 1 of the bent
lever 1, 2, acting against the fork g³ of the said carrier plate (see
Figures 1 and 7). . The lever 1, 2, turns on the centre 3, and the short
bent arm 2 of the said lever is operated upon to cause the advance of

page_text: the carrier plate g by means of the cam or projection 4 on the disk 5 of
the toothed wheel (see Figure 1). The coiled spring 6 effects the
return motion of the carrier plate and lever. The descent of the
moveable cutter h is effected as follows:-The said cutter is affixed to
the dovetail slide 7 working in the vertical bed 8. Fixed to the slide 7
is a rod 9 connected at 10 to the nearly horizontal lever 11. The
lever 11 turns on the centre 12. The free end of the lever 11 is
depressed by the pin or stud 13 on the disk 14 of the toothed wheel v
(see Figure 1). By the depressing of the free end of the lever 11 the
rod 9 is pulled down and the slide 7 and cutter / carried by it made to
descend. As soon as the pin or stud 13 ceases to act upon the lever 11,
the rod 9 and parts connected with it are raised by the spring 15 around
the rod 9, which had been compressed by the descent of the said rod.
The spring 15 is omitted in Figures 2 and 5. The rising of the lever 11
is limited by the stop 16. The closing of the pointing levers or tools i, i,
is effected as follows:-Between the lower arms of the said levers is a
vertical sliding rod 17 carrying a roller 18. This roller on its descent
acting against the inclined parts 19, 19, of the levers i, i, closes their
upper acting ends. The descent of the rod 17 is effected by the action
of the cams or projections 20, 21, on the opposite face of the disc 14 of
the toothed wheel to that on which the stud 13 is situated, acting
through the lever 22 and link 23 upon the said sliding rod 17. Tho
lever 22 is jointed at 24. The first closing of the pointing levers or tools
to point the barbed ends of the wires is caused by the action of the
cam 20 on the free end of the lever 22, and the second closing of the
pointing levers or tools i, i, for the operation of the separate cutters 1, 1,
to remove the superfluous metal from the points is produced by the
action of the roller or projection 21. The return motion of the leyer 22
is effected by the weighted arm 25, and its rising motion is limited by the
stop 16. On the ascent of the roller 18 from the inclined parts 19, 19,
of the levers i, i, the lower arms of the levers are closed by the pressure
of the springs 26, 26, and the upper acting arms are thereby opened.
The motion of the cross bar m first through a short range of motion to
depress the wires for the pointing operation and next through a longer
range of motion to eject the barbed and pointed wires from the machine
is effected as follows:-The said cross bar m is connected by the pin and
slot at m² with the vertical bar m³, the lower end of the said vertical bar
being connected by a pin and slot with the horizontal lever 27 turning
on the centre 28. On the. rotation of the disk 29 on the axis of the

page_text: toothed wheel u a stud 30 on the said disk raises the inner short arm of
the said lever 27 and depressses its outer arm. The said outer arm
thereby depresses the vertical bar m³ and cross bar m, and causes the
said cross bar to depress the barbed wires and bring them opposite the
pointing tools 1, 1. By the continued rotation of the disk 29 a second
pin or stud 31 on the said disk 29 (see Figure 6) acts upon the
lever 27 and again depress the said cross bar m, and causes the latter to
knock the barbed and pointed wires from the machine. The increased
range of motion necessary for the cross bar m to effect this is given to
the said bar in consequence of the pin or stud 31 being at a greater
distance from the centre of the disk 29 than the pin or stud 30, hence
the lever 27 is lifted to a greater extent, and a corresponding depression
of the bars m³, m, results. The vertical bar m³ is guided in its motion
by the plate 32, a screw pin on which works in a slot in the said bar m³,
as represented. The return motion of the lever 27 is effected by the
spring 33. The depression of the horizontal arm p to cause the middle
pointing tool to recede on the knocking off of the wires is effected by.
the cross bar p' affixed to the vertical bar p³. The lower end of the
vertical bar på is jointed at p to the compound lever 34, 35. The lever 341
turns on the joint 36, and its free end is hooked at 37 and works in a slot
in the lever 35. At the opposite side of the disk 29 of the toothed
wheel u to that at which the stud 31 is situated and made in one piece
with the said stud 31 is a stud 38, which by the rotation of the disk 29
raises the lever 35, and through it the lever 34, vertical bar p³, and cross
bar p. The latter bar på acting on the horizontal arm p causes the middle
tool to recede on its joint i, as herein-before described. The. vertical
bar p³ is guided by the plate 32 similarly to the vertical bar m³. The
return motion of the levers 34, 35, vertical bar p³, and cross bar pis
effected by the weight of the said parts. Figure 6 represents in edge view
the disk 29 carrying the three studs 30, 31, and 38. By an examination
of Figures 2 and 6 it will be seen that the levers 35, 34, are raised by
the stud 38 before the stud 31 acts upon the lever 27, hence the middle
tool is removed before the cross bar m commences its second descent to
knock off the wires. By an examination of the Drawings it will be seen
that several of the levers and cam studs are made adjustable to adapt
the machine to the manufacture of fish hooks of different sizes. The'
barbed, pointed, and flattened wires (Figure 9), which have been operated
upon by the machine are bent and finished by hand in the ordinary
way

page_text: Having now described the nature of the said Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, we wish it to be under-
stood that we do not limit ourselves to the precise details herein
described and illustrated, as the same may be varied without departing
from the nature of the said Invention, but we claim as the said Invention
of improvements in machinery for the manufacture of fish hooks,
• Firstly. The combination or arrangement of 'the inclined tubular
feeders, horizontal barb cutter, and carrier plate, substantially as and for
the purpose herein-before described and illustrated in the accompanying
Drawings. Also the mechanism described and represented for actuating
the said barb cutter and carrier plate.
Secondly. The combination or arrangement of the die or bed for sup-
porting the wires to be barbed, and the pair of cutters for cutting off
and flattening the barbed wires, and also the pointing tools for pointing
the barbed ends of the wires and for cutting off the superfluous metal
at the points, substantially as herein-before described and illustrated
in the accompanying Drawings. Also the mechanism described and
represented for actuating the said cutters and pointing tools.
Thirdly. The combination with the said pointing tools of a cross bar
for depressing the barbed and pointed wires for the action of the pointing
cutters and for knocking off or removing the barbed and pointed wires
from the machine, substantially as herein-before described and illustrated.
in the accompanying Drawings. Also the mechanism described and
represented for actuating the said cross bar.
Lastly. The general arrangement or combination of the parts enu-
merated in claims 1, 2, and 3 into a machine, as herein-before described
and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Isaiah Williams, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Thirty-first day of December, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine.
Witness,
GEORGE SHAW.
ISAIAH WILLIAMS. (L.S.)