IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR GRINDING SHAPING & BEVILLING GLASS
Year: 1884

page_text: I, HYPPOLITE BESSON mechanical Engineer and I ERNEST NEILD KENT Brush-
maker both of 46 Bonner Road Bethnal Green in the county of Middlesex do
hereby declare the nature of the said invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR GRINDING SHAPING & BEVILLING GLASS to be as follows:-
This invention consists in a new mode of grinding the glass by aid of a former
or model fixed on the same axis as the glass, or parallel to it; & this said former
or model when in rotation will guide either the glass or the grinder to produce or
cut a duplicated outline or form on the glass.
By means of these improvements we are enabled to grind and bevil the shape
and outline of glass cither round, oval, oblong, square and such forms with more
accuracy & more economically than has heretofore been possible with the present
method of grinding.
The machines or apparatus constructed according to our invention rests on a
table or bed and consists of a rocking-frame, carrying the glass and the former,
in combination with a slide carrying the grinder and the pattern roller: or (vice-
versa) a rocking frame, carrying the grinder and roller in combination with a slide
carrying the glass and the former or model.
The rocking-frame mounted on rocking-centers carries the mechanical parts to
hold the glass in the same axis of the former or model, and also gives rotary.motion
to the said axis by means of gear wheels & straps driven from a pulley mounted at
the end of one of the rocking-centers.
The axis wbich carries the glass and the former or model is mounted in suitable
bearings upon the rocking-arms to which springs or weights are attached, so as to
hold the former or model up to a pattern roller or stop.
The blank glass to be ground is held upon the said axis by two moveable and
coincident spindles adjusted by screws or springs, and these said spindles are always
impelled to get the same rotary motion by gear-wheels attached to each spindle
from a parallel axis fixed on the rocking-frame; and this last axis receives
its rotation by means of a strap or gear-wheel attached to one of the centers of
the rocking-frame.
The means to hold the glass between these said spindles depends on the
form of the glass to be ground; for flat glass, pads or cushions of India rubber

page_text: or any other elastic material are fixed on the said coincident ends of each spindle
or axis for bollow glass, cores of soft wood covered with India-rubber felt or cork
are preferable..
In order to grind circular waved lines round tumblers decanters and such like
glass, we provide the rocking-movement to the grinder & the pattern roller, in this
arrangement the grinder & roller rise and fall according to the outline of the
former fixed on the same axis as the glass, already named; but when the grinding is
parallel to the length of the glass as "Flutes or grooves and such-like forms, we
fix the former or the pattern and the glass next to one another between mandrils
and centers on a sliding-table and theso mandrils are driven at equal speed by
connecting gear wheel.
"
Sometimes, to grind facets, waved bevils, or irregular lines on glass, a former or
several formers with irregular outlines or deep projections are fixed on the axis of
the work or between mandrils and centers already mentioned.
The grinder of stone, stone and iron, emery, or any other suitable material
commonly used for grinding and polishing is fixed to a moveable headstock on a
pivotting carriage on the table, and the said grinders receives its rotary motion by
means of a strap from the main shaft. Sometimes, in order to present the stone at
an angle for bevilling, or to round the edges of small glass, such as mouth-mirrors
(oval or square) or watch glasses & spectacle-lens and such like forms, the
following arrangement is employed: The carriage on which the grinder is mounted
can be pivoted nearly half a revolution round an adjustable pivot by means of a
worm-screw & wheel or a lever connected to a crank fitted to an upright shaft
which, by receiving a rotary motion compels the said carriage & the grinder to
move round the edges of the glass.
It is evident that various modifications of the parts of the grinder and
the rotary axis carrying the glass, and the former or model can be varied
according to the shape & size of the glass to be ground, without departing from
the object of this invention.

page_text: I HYPPOLITE BESSON, mechanical Engineer and I ERNEST NEILD KENT Brush-
maker both of 40 Bonner Road Bethnal Green in the County of Middlesex, do
bereby declare the nature of our invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHODS
OF GRINDING, SHAPING AND BEVILLING GLASS & IN THE MACHINERY THEREFOR, and
in what manner the same is to be performed; to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention consists in a new mode of grinding glass by the aid of a former,
or model, fixed on the same axis as the glass or parallel to it and this said former,
or model, when in rotation will guide either the glass or the grinder to produce or
cut a duplicated outline or form on the glass.
By means of these improvements we are enabled to grind & bevil the shape and
outline of glass either round, oval, oblong, square and such forms with more
accuracy and more economically than has heretofore been possible with the present
method of grinding.
The machine or apparatus constructed according to our invention rests on a
table or bed & consists of a rocking-frame carrying the glass and the former, or
model, in combination with a slide carrying the grinder and pattern-roller; or
vice-versa, a rocking frame carrying the grinder & roller in combination with a
slide carrying the glass and the former or model.
The rocking frame mounting on rocking centres carries the mechanical part to
hold the glass, on the same axis as the former or model, and also gives rotary
motion to the said axis by means of gear wheels and straps driven from a pulley
mounted at the end of one of the rocking centres.
The axis which carries the glass and the former or model is mounted on suitable
bearing upon rocking arms to which springs or weights are attached so as to hold
the former or model up to the pattern roller.
The blank glass to be ground is held upon the said axis by two moveable and
coincident spindles adjusted by screws or springs and these said spindles are always
impelled to get the same rotary motion by gear wheels attached to each spindle
from a parallel axis fixed on the rocking frame; and this last axis receives its
rotation by means of a strap or gear wheel attached to one of the centres of the
rocking frame.
The means to hold the glass between these said spindles depend on the form of
the glass to be ground; for flat glass, pada or cushions of indiarubber or any other
elastic material are fixed on. the said coincident ends of each spindle or axis; for
hollow glass & core or cores of soft wood, covered with indiarubber, felt, or cork are
preferable.
.
In order to grind circular waved lines round tumblers, decanters and such like
glass, we provide the rocking movement to the grinder, and the pattern roller, and
by this arrangement the grinder and roller rise and fall according to the outline
of the former, or model, fixed on the same axis as the glass (or parallel to it)
already named but when. the grinding is parallel to the length of the glass, as

page_text: .
flutes or grooves, and such forms we fix the former or the pattern and the glass
next to one another between mandrils and centres on a sliding table, and these
.mandrils are driven at equal speed by connecting gear wheels.
Sometimes, to grind facets waved bevils or irregular lines on glass, a former or
several formers, with irregular outlines or projections are fixed on the axis or
between mandrils and centres already mentioned (acting similarly to a rose-engine
lathe.)
The grinder of stone, iron, emery, or any other suitable material commonly used
for grinding and polishing, is fixed to a moveable headstock on a pivoting carriage
on the table, and the said grinder receives its rotary motion by means of a strap
from the mainshaft.
And in order that our said Invention may be fully understood, we shall now
proceed to describe the same, more particularly, and for that purpose we shall refer
to the several figures of the annexed sheets of drawings; the same letters of
reference will indicate corresponding or similar parts in all the figures.
Fig. 1 is a front elevation of a machine for grinding, shaping and bevilling flat
glass, such as spectacle glasses, mouth mirrors and such like glass forms.
Fig. 2. is the plan.
Fig. 3. is a side view of the same.
Fig. 4. is an enlarged size of the coincident ends or chucks holding the glass.
Fig. 5. 6. 7. 8. and 9. are different views of a similar machine applied for grinding
large forms of glass such as oval mirrors, oblong shapes, and such like irregular
forms.
Fig. 10. is a front view of a similar machine arranged to grind facets, grooves,
flutes on hollow glasses as tumblers and the like.
Fig. 11. 12. 13. 14 and 15. are different views of the same.
Fig. 16. is a side elevation showing the rocking frame movement transferred to
the grinder and guide or roller; this arrangement is suitable to cut long grooves
or flutes either straight or spiral.
Fig. 17 is a plan of the same.
The Fig 1. 2. 3. 4 show the application of our Invention to grind, shape, and
bevil small glass.
The machine or apparatus is mounted on a table T and consists of rocking-
frame F F F F and a grinder G.
The grinder G of iron, stone, wood or any other suitable material commonly
used for grinding and polishing is mounted on a spindle G which is carried by two
adjustable headstocks g g fixed on a saddle g g by means of screws and nuts;
the spindle G¹ with the grinder G are subjected to a to and fro motion imparted by
a grooved cam N fixed ou spindle K through the lever n¹, axis m", and forked
lever n, engaging with a grooved collar m mounted on spindle G¹; the cam N or
shaft K receives its rotary motion through the pulley K by a strap from the
pulley g. on the spindle G₁; the said spindle K also carries a grooved pulley K¹
The rocking frame is composed of frame F F fixed to a rocking bar or axis A
between two fixed centres or bearings y y. These bearings are formed on a plate P
which can be pivotted by means of a socket joint made by the plate P with the
plate P¹ of the sliding collar P¹ fitted to an overhanging bar P₁ placed centrally
to the grinder G; the frame F F can be brought either backward or forward to
the grinder by sliding the collar P' either way, or pivotted to an angle by means of
the socket joint, and as the whole of the apparatus is hung on the bar P¹¹ centrally
over the grinder G, great elasticity is obtained, and this is very necessary to grind
any glass by machinery, especially small glass.
The rocking frame also carries the axis carrying intermediate gear, and the axis
or two spindles A. A on which the pattern, model or shape C is fixed with the glass
object B to be ground; the said glass B is fixed between two coincident ends of the
spindles A A on the same axis as the pattern C held by the adjusting screws d. d.
The model C is kept in constant contact with a guide roller, or part of a roller C¹
by its own weight or by a spring or weights. The guide Ci sometimes to suit the

page_text: shape model or pattern is made smaller in periphery than that of the point of
contact formed by the glass B on the grinder G, but when accuracy is required,
and especially for shaping the edges of the glass which are to be fitted in frames
such as spectacle frames, and such like, we prefer to make it of the same periphery
as the said point of contact.
The rotation of the spindle A A on which the pattern, and the glass object arc
fixed is produced as follows:-The wheels E E mounted loosely on each spindle A A
by means of a slot and feather gearing with wheels E¹ E¹, mounted on a parallel
spindle A', which carries the grooved pulley L, driven by L' L" both fixed on the
same axis as the fixed centres or bearings yy, and will compel the two said
spindles A A carrying the pattern C and the glass B to revolve in equal time, and
to obtain the rotation of the spindles A. A always proportional to the speed of the
grinder, the pulley L" receives its motion from another grooved pulley K¹ on
spindle K through K driven by g. on the grinder-spindle, and it is evident, that
whatever rocking impulse is imparted by the pattern C against the guide C to the
frame F F, the rotation of A A and its gearing will not be hindered.
Fig. 4. represents an enlarged view of the two coincident ends of spindles A A.,
which hold the glass :-B is the glass held between two pads of indiarubber bb or
any other elastic material attached to the flange bb, these coincident ends or
chucks are made of various sizes and are also interchangeable so as to suit glasses
of different size and form.
The working of the machine is as follows:-The screw d is unscrewed, a glass B
is fitted between the two coincident ends of spindles A A and the said screw is
screwed, which secures the glass between the spindles A A; the frame F F is swung
gently downward against the grinder G; motion is then given to the grinder by
shifting the strap to the fixed pulley on the shaft G¹, next the motion to the frame
is given from the pulley g to K and K¹ to L" and L' to L on the axis A¹ carrying
a pair of wheels El E¹ engaging with the wheels E E of the axis A A and then the
grinding process is carried automatically. Several machines can be worked
together without needing any more skill than that of taking off the glass and
repeating the same operation.
It is evident that the last apparatus just described could be made to grind the
shape and the bevil of larger flat glass, but we find it convenient in grinding glass
to fix the apparatus to suit the grinder, and if the grinder is fixed on a vertical
spindle, the face of the grinder will be horizontal, and the glass will be presented
first horizontally to it, and then inclined in order to obtain the bevil, as shewn in
Fig. 8. Sheet 2. G is the grinder, mounted on a vertical spindle G₁, B is the glass
and C is the pattern of the glass in contact with the guide C₁ to regulate the
grinding, they are mounted on the same axis A which is fitted in the headstock of
the frame F rocking in fixed bearings y y and receives its rotation through
wheels E E driven by the pulley L'.
Fig. 5. 6. and 7 show the same apparatus applied to grind the shape and to bevil
the same, acting with a grinder fixed on a horizontal spindle so that the face of
the grinder will be vertical. The apparatus is composed, as before described, of
two distinct parts, the rocking frame and the grinder. The rocking frame is very
similar in its construction to that above described; it has a rocking frame free to
vibrate on fixed centres or bearings y y carrying a similar axis A A which revolves
through the wheels E E, E' E', driven by grooyed pulley L", through the connecting
pulleys L L to the axis A. or coincident spindles A A on which the glass B and
the model C are fixed. In this case the pivotting plate P carrying the frame F. F.
is fixed on the plate or slide P₁ by a pivot or stud P P; thus by means of the
double slide PP", the apparatus with the glass can be brought either to or from
the face of the grinder so as to alter the distance between the grinder G and
the pivot or stud P. P. and by doing so it alters the angle of the bevil to be
ground.
The construction of this slide rest is very similar to an ordinary double slide rest
very commonly used. It has a solid casting or base Tin which is fixed a transversal

page_text: slide P¹¹ with screw S¹ carrying a lateral slide P' with screw S, which carries the
plate P. with the frame F F.
The glass B is kept in contact with the grinder by the pivotting movement of
the plate P. imparted by the action of a weight attached to a cord O passing over
pulley Ou to a stud or button O, fitted to the plate P, and the action of the weight
is regulated or stopped by having an arm Q, fitted on plate P, which while
grinding, pivots and meets an adjustable bar q¹ when the grinder will cease to grind
the glass, and it will be ready to he taken out.
To balance the rocking frame when inclined to the grinder we use the following
arrangement: a bolt with nut or wheel is screwed in the plate P, this bolt /
passes through a slotted lever and also through a spiral spring H fitted between
the lever and wheel and this said spring presses on the lever according to the
screwing or unscrewing of the wheel or nut . The lever is mounted loosely on
the axis A" and has a prolonged arm 17 passing on the other side of the frame,
and, when the frame is inclined to the grinder, meets a fixed barf placed on frame
F F; the arm f will then press on the lever and carry it along with it at the
same time compressing the spring H and by regulating the tension of the spring by
unscrewing or screwing the wheel as before said, the weight of the apparatus or
frame can be balanced but still will allow the pattern C to press on the guide C¹ and
regulate the work of the grinder on the glass; when the apparatus is not working,
we let it rest on the bar p. p of bracket p¹ p²
In this apparatus arranged for bevilling we fix the guide C¹, which rubs against
the pattern on the plate P so as not to alter its contact with the pattern while
pivotting or sliding.
The grider G in this apparatus can be pivotted to any angle of bevil by means
of endless screw w engaging with a toothed segment mounted at the back of its
headstock, which is firmly fixed by means of screws and nuts passing through
circular slots.
Before bevilling the edges of the glass it is usual to shell off the edges of the
glass by the means of a file rubbed downward on the outer edge or by pinching the
said edges by a pair of pinchers this method of preparing the glass before bevilling
accelerates very much the process of grinding.
the
The action of the machine is as follows:-having the apparatus resting on the
resting bar p, the screws d d fitted on the axis A. A are unscrewed, the glass B
taken off, and another fixed in its place; the screws d d are again screwed against
the spindles A. A until they hold the glass sufficiently safe; the frame then is
lifted from the bar p, and inclined to the position shown in Fig 5. 6. and 7;
plate P is gently pivotted by holding the lever q until the glass meets the face of
the grinder; if the inclination is not correct, the frame is moved either to or from
the face of the grinder by the slide P¹ P and screws S S₁ having given the
rotation to AA by its gearing wheels E E, E¹ Ẹ¹ driven by the pulley g fixed on
The glass
the spindle of the grinder through the intermediate pulleys L, L' L.
and the pattern are made to rtate slowly but always in relation to the speed of
the grinder, and by the rotation of the pattern C against the guide C₁, the glass B
is compelled to present its inclined edge to the grinder until the lever q meets the
adjustable bar q'; then the glass is finished and ready to be taken out, to be fitted
on a similar apparatus having stone or wood grinder so as to finish and polish the
glass, the same operation is repeated; several machines can also be worked together
as described before.
When the glass is ground by a grinder fixed on a vertical axis as shown in
Fig. S. we use the same means to rotate and pivot the frame to the grinder, but
instead of having an axis composed of two spindles as before described, we may use
only one spindle A and place the glass B at one end of it, and the pattern C at the
other end. The rotation of A is effected, as before described, first, by the grooved
pulley g placed on the grinder through an intermediate upright spindle or shaft
not shewn in the drawing, and the wheel L" and wheels E¹, E, to the axis A; the

page_text: pattern guide is also fixed on the plate P as before described, so as to receive the
same movement as the frame F.
We balance the frame by fitting on the lever q an adjustable weight qq, and the
pivotting of the frame on the grinder is controlled by the lever q meeting an
adjustable stud q¹ passing through a circular slot made on plate P¹.
In some cases we fix the glass on the chuck of the spindle A, either by
cementing it, which method is well known by glass grinders, or we use the
following arrangement:-The chuck, A. Fig. 8. and 9 on which the glass is fixed,
has a ring of indiarubber all slightly projecting off the chuck which fits in a
circular groove made on the face of the chuck A. The mandril or spindle A A is
made hollow like a cylinder from one end to the other, and a small plunger a¹
having packing pieces ii is fitted in it; the plunger a¹ is connected to a threaded
bar a, which screws in a fixed nut a fitted at the end of the spindle A, on which
the pattern C is fixed. Now by means of a wheel or lever, this bar all can be
unscrewed or screwed and move the plunger up and down.
.
To fix the glass on the chuck A, we take the glass B and fix it against the
india rubber a on the chuck, we then press it gently to the face of the chuck,
while the plunger is withdrawn by the wheel or other means. The withdrawal of
the plunger will effect a vacuum or nearly so at the back of the glass, and to insure
complete fixing of the glass, we secure the front of the glass by a washer held by a
screw d fitted on a bracket F F which is adjusted on the axis A'.
In order to grind or cut facets and waved lines round hollow glass, such as
tumblers and such like forms of glass, we use the same apparatus arranged and
shewn in Fig. 10. 11. and 12. Sheet 3.
The rocking frame F F is fixed on a lateral slide or carriage P, which is mounted
on a transversal slide P¹¹; the carriage or lateral slide P is made adjustable on the
transversal slide P¹ round the centre q by means of nuts and screw P P passing in
a circular slot made on P¹; when we grind lateral facets on hollow glass, we make.
the slide or carriage P receive a to and fro motion through a pin U¹ fitted in a
small bracket on the carriage P engaging with a grooved cam U, rotating on
spindle, by pulley L. The spindle is mounted on two brackets fixed on each
side of P and has a small toothed wheel loosely fitted on a feather i, so as to
slide with the carriage P, when acted by cam U. The wheel l' has one or more
teeth formed round its periphery, which at each revolution will rotate the
wheel E to a distance equal to the number of teeth formed on it, and through
intermediate gear the axis or two spindles A A. receives the partial rotation each
time the tooth t or teeth of wheel meet with wheel Euf; this step by step
motion can be varied by increasing or diminishing the number of teeth round the
wheel and E by change of wheel; thus it is evident if a glass B is fixed
between these spindles A A on the same axis as a pattern C, and both receiving
the same step by step motion, that the time taken between one step and another
will be the time taken by the grinder to cut a facet or any similar design on the
glass.
The glass B is fixed between the two spindles A. A by means of a concentric
chuck b¹ to hold the foot of it and suitable core b, which is inserted in the hollow
of the glass, the two spindles with the glass and pattern C are finally secured by
the screws d, d.
The rocking frame F F vibrates freely between fixed centres Y Y on the axis A¹¹
to and from the grinder G and is controlled by the pattern C which is kept against
the guide or roller C¹, by the means of a spring or weight; but we prefer in this
apparatus to use its own weight, and by screwing the slide P either to or from
the grinder so that the frame F F is made to press more or less heavily on the
grinder.
When the glass B is turning by the motion imparted by wheel, we make the .
glass rise froin the grinder and return to it, by the following device:-We provide
on the surface of the pattern C. Fig. 12. or on the outline of a former or formers
c, c, c c or cl, c², c³. Fig. 14. 15. deep depressions and projections, which, as soon as

page_text: the pattern receives its next impulse, will rotate to its next depression, meet the
fixed guide or roller C³, and rise the glass from the grinder to a distance equal to
that between the depression and projection made on the pattern; and while the
wheel is not engaged with the wheel E the roller or guide C¹ will rest in the
depression and the grinder will be-cutting the facet.
To return the glass gently against the grinder we use the following arrange-
ment A bracket d' fixed on the end of the axis or the headstock of screw d,
carries a small bar n connected to a plunger n¹ of the cylinder N, which is mounted
on a bracket 11 to the table T. In the interior of the cylinder a valve V is fitted
to a port O and has a small aperture O which may be made adjustable. The
action of this device is as follows:-Immediately the projection on the pattern
rises the glass from the grinder, the bar is drawn with the plunger n¹ by the
same motion into the cylinder N, then the valve V opens and lets either air or
liquid fill the space made by the withdrawal of the plunger, and when the rocking
frame brings back the glass to the grinder through the depression of the other side
of the said projection, the plunger n' connected to the frame by the barn, receives
the same movement, slides back in the cylinder and shuts the valve V. The air or
liquid imprisoned in the space between the plunger and valve can only escape by
the small aperture O¹ made on the valve or at any convenient part in the said
space; the air or liquid that is forced gradually out of the said space by the weight
of the rocking frame, controls the said frame to fall gradually with the glass to the
grinder and at each rise of the glass from the grinder, the same action will be
repeated.
In grinding long facets, flutes or such like designs on glass, the guide or roller C¹
is placed stationary on the table T, and the alternate rectilinear movement of the
carriage P makes the pattern C slide laterally against it, but when we cut small
circular facets or any such designs we fix the-guide or roller C₁ on the carriage P
'so that both receives the same movement; the guide or roller C is also fixed on
the carriage P. when we use a former or template c c, c c¹ Fig 15. or a series of
then c¹ c² c³ mounted on the axis A taking the place of pattern C. In this case
we use a small roller C¹, but when the projections and depressions made on the
outline of the pattern are too small we use a blank point or tracer.
In order to cut spiral flutes or any similar designs round hollow glass, we take
off the wheel E and fix instead a loose arm a on the same axis A" carrying a
pair of bevil wheels E³ and E' connected to a wheel or pinion E³ which engages
with the teeth of a fixed rack E. The arm a is fitted loosely on the axis A
between the bevil wheel E³ and the solid bearing of the spindle of the wheel E³ on
|_plate P.; by having the arm. fitted_loosely_on spindle_of_E³ or axis. Al, it allows.it.
a certain range of rocking which enables us to vary the size of wheel E³ so as to
change the pitch of the spiral to be ground on the glass.
While the plate P moves in its alternate rectlinear movement, the wheel E' is
carried by the said movement and rolls to and fro on the rack E transmitting a
rotary to and fro motion to its bevil wheel E, E³ and to the axis or spindles A, A
carrying the glass and the pattern; this combined movement with the grinder will
produce a spiral line, flute, groove or such like design, until the guide C¹ touches
the pattern C or the depression made on it, then the grinder G will cease to cut,
and the glass has to be lifted and turned to the next place spiral line, groove, flute
or such like design The mechanism with the glass is lifted from the grinder
either by hand or by projections. The glass is turned to its next spiral by lifting
the arm a and turning the wheel E to a division made on its periphery corre-
sponding to the spiral groove to be cut. It is evident, if we want a left and right
spiral groove, crossing one another, we effect this by reversing the to and fro
motion, to obtain this, we fit on the armn a next to E³ an extra axle on which are
loosely mounted two wheels fixed together one gearing with E³, and the other or
front one with the fixed rack E6: the rack will have to be placed a little farther
from the machine so as to not meet the previous wheel E.

page_text: In cutting spiral lines, grooves, flutes or any such designs on glass we fix the
grinder G on a moveable frame g₁ between headstock g, attached to a standard g
by, socket joint g₁. The grinder spindle carries a pulley m which receives motion
by a belt from a pulley placed at the back of the standard g¹¹¹. The bearings of
the grinder are made adjustable in the slots formed on the headstocks g g by
means of screws and wheels. When cutting spiral grooves and such like, the
grinder is pivotted by the means of the socket joint g, to the same angle as that
of the spiral groove to be produced on the glass.
Sometimes in order to grind long flutes grooves, waved lines or spiral grooves B₁
Fig. 16 and 17. Sheet 4, round decanters and such like forms of glass, we provide
the rocking movement to the grinder G and to the guide or roller C¹, and fix the
pattern C and the glass B next to one another on axes A, A¹ parallel to one another,
between spindles A A, A¹ A¹ and d, d¹ on a sliding table T; these spindles or
mandrils are driven at equal speed by connecting gear wheels E E, E¹ E¹, and E" E".
The arrangement is constructed as follows:-On a bed T, a table or carriage P is
mounted on dovetail grooves and receives an alternate rectilinear movement from
two discs D, D by the two connecting arms D' D' made adjustable in the
grooves H, H formed on each side of the table P and on the face of the discs D, D.
The discs D, D receive a slow motion proportionate to the power of the grinder
from an endless screw S fitted on a shaft engaging with a toothed wheel D₁ fitted
on the shaft of the discs.'
The axes of the pattern C and the glass B mounted on the carriage P are
composed of two spindles A, A, A¹ A¹ each mounted on
a separate head-
stock a, a, a, a¹, and adjusted by centre screws d, d'; each spindle receives an
independent rotation from each other by a parallel axis A" through the gear
wheel EE to E' E' and to E E on the axis of the glass.
The rocking frame is formed of two levers F F extending beyond the axis of
vibration TT each having a weight f, f which serves to counterbalance the weight
and pressure of the grinder and roller against the glass B and the pattern C.
The grinder is mounted on a rocking frame upon a double armed or forked
bracket and vertical pivot g¹. The guide or roller is also mounted on the
rocking frame but upon g" a singled armed bracket and vertical pivot g111 and
both receive an equal and contrary pivotting motion by the means of the double
elbow joints or links q¹ q¹, fitted on the arm or handle qq and guided in a slotted
piece q mounted on the cross piece, joining the armed brackets g, g₁ of the
lever FF; the links q¹ q¹ are secured in the slotted piece on a sliding block L by
a nut & screw; the dotted lines B¹ B¹, C¹ C¹, and n on pattern, glass, and slotted
piece q are the angular positions of the grinder, pattern roller, and links by which
the positions of the grinder and guide or roller are obtained to produce the
groove B¹.
The construction of the spiral gear is the same as previously described; we
mount it either on the axis A¹¹ or A¹ of the pattern. Fig. 16 and 17 show the
bracket K mounted on the end of the axis A¹ carrying the bevil wheels E³, E
and pinion E rolling on a fixed rack E6, which is fitted at the side of the machine;
the action of this spiral gear is the same in movement as the one described and
illustrated Fig. 13. Sheet 3.
The turning of the glass to its next spiral groove flute or such like design is
effected by the method previously described.
Now, having described the application of our Invention for grinding, shaping and
bevilling glass of different form and size, and the manner of performing the same,
it is evident that various modifications of the grinder with the rotary axis or axes
carrying the glass and the pattern can be made according to the shape and the size
of the glass to be ground without departing from the object of this Invention, and
we would have it understood that we claim
1. The method of grinding, shaping, and bevilling glass by means of a pattern,
shape, or template fixed on the same axis as the glass, or on an axis placed parallel
to the axis of the glass, substantially as described.

page_text: 2. The method by which the glass is shaped, bevilled, ground in facets, flutes,
straight or spiral by the use of a rocking frame and pattern, kept in contact with a
stop, guide or roller substantially as described.
3. The method by which the glass is held between the two spindles on the same
axis, each receiving an independant rotation from a parallel axis, and also by which
flat glass is held at one end of an axis by means of a partial vacuum made at the
back of the glass substantially as described.
4. The method for bevilling flat glass by employing a pivotted plate to present
the glass to the grinder and an adjustable bar for controlling the angle of the bevil
substantially as described.
5. The method of spacing the facets, grooves or flutes round hollow glass,
by employing a wheel having one or more teeth formed round its periphery
substantially as described.
.
6. The method of lifting and returning the glass gradually to the grinder by
employing projections and depressions round the contour of a pattern, shape, or
template in conjunction with a small plunger gradually displacing air or liquid
substantially as described.
7. The method for grinding spiral lines grooves or flutes on hollow glass by the
means of a lever arm carrying bevil wheels and a pinion rolling on a fixed rack
substantially as described.
8. The construction of machinery for grinding shaping and bevilling glass
substantially as described.
Dated this 0th day of Wahur 100
HYPPOLITE BESSON.
ERNEST NEILD KENT,