IMPROVEMENTS IN COP TUBES
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred Vincent Newton, of the Office for Patents, 66,
Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN COP TUBES." A communication from
abroad by Jeremias Essex, of North Bennington, in the State of Vermont,
United States of America.
Sealed the 24th March 1876, and dated the 18th January 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred Vincent Newton at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th January 1876.
ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in
the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN COP
TUBES."
.
The main object of this Invention is to construct a cop tube that will have a
tendency to hold to and retain the cop formed thereon, and thereby prevent the
disarrangement of the yarn. To this end the tube which is made of a lengthi
somewhat exceeding the length of the cop is furnished at its periphery either with
ribs,, projections, or protuberances, or there may be formed therein grooves or
recesses, or apertures may be made through the sides of the tube. By this means
an inequality of surface will be obtained sufficient to ensure the retention of the
cop upon the cop tube."
The tube is formed with a flange at its base to protect the cop from the
lubricating oil of the spindle's bolster.
When ribs are used they will preferably take a spiral direction upwards with a
diminishing pitch.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of 'the Letters Patent filed by the
said Alfred Vincent Newton in 'the Great Seal Patent Office on the 18th
*July 1876.
1.1.
86
ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON,,of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman. IMPROVEMENTS IN OOP TUBES."
Being a communication to me from abroad by Jeremiah Essex, of North Bennington,
in the State of Vermont, United States of America.

page_text: This Invention consists in a cop tube provided externally with one or more
ribs, projections, or protuberances, or provided with grooves, recesses, or apertures,
whereby the yarn of the cop is enabled to take so firm a hold upon the tube that
after the tube has been removed from the spindle of the mule or other spinning
frame the accidental detachment of the cop from the tube is rendered impossible.
The cop tube thus. provided with ribs, projections, protuberances, grooves, recesses, or
apertures is made of a sufficient length to extend through the whole of the cop,
and it thus forms a complete inflexible core which prevents the yarn from becoming
disarranged or injured in any part of the cop and provides for the better transport
of the cop, and also of its easy application to a shuttle spindle, and allows every
inch of yarn to be run off from.the cop and utilized, thereby avoiding waste.
The Invention further consists in providing the cop tube with a flange around its
base for the purpose of strengthening the tube; and both protecting the bearing of
the spindle bolster from dirt and preventing oil from the bearing from getting on
the cop.
When a tube thus constructed has a cop wound upon it, the cop and
tube being capable of transportation from place to place, and of being more or less
roughly handled-without-injury, the two together-inay form a distinct and complete.
article of merchandize.
The Invention is illustrated in the accompanying Drawing in which,
Fig. 1 represents an elevation of a mule spindle having upon it one of the
improved cop tubes with its cop, the tube and cop being in section.
Figures 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 are elevations of several cop tubes. illustrating modifi-
cations of the Invention.
Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the several Figures.
A is the spindle; B is the body of the cop tube; and bis the flange around the
base thereof.
The tube may be constructed of any material of which cop tubes are usually
made, or of any suitable material as metal, paper, or hard vulcanized india-rubber.
In the example shewn in, Figures 1 and 2, the tube has a spiral rib c, c,
constructed on its exterior surface. The tube with such rib and its flange b may
be cast in metal of one solid piece, or a tube may be formed of sheet metal or paper
or other material, and the flange and rib subsequently added thereto; or the tube
with its rib may be formed by winding spirally around a mandril of the proper
shape a slightly tapering narrow strip of material having one of its longitudinal
edges turned up at right angles, so that when the strip is wound about the mandrel
and the spiral joint closed securely, the upturned edge aforesaid forms the spiral
rib, or the tube may be formed by the process known in metal working as
spinning; but however formed this rib commencing at the flange b extends spirally
about the external surface of the tube towards the top, the distance between the
coils diminishing from base to top, and the rib should terminate at its upper
extremity in a line nearly parallel with the axis of the tube and merge into the
surface thereof, so as to present no impediment to the yarn running off freely in
process of weaving or spooling.
".
The tube may be open at its upper end, as shewn in Fig. 1, to allow the spindle
to protrude through it, or may have its upper end closed, as shewn in Fig. 2, and of
the same shape as the upper end of the spindle. Or the tube may fit tightly on
the end of a shortened spindle, as shewn in Fig. 7, the mule spindle A in this case
forming simply a driver and the cop tube constituting the spindle proper.
In the construction of these tubes with a spiral rib it is preferable that the said
rib should wind around the tube in a direction opposite to that of the winding on
of the yarn, as by this several advantages are secured in mule spinning,, viz., when
the mule is running in or toward the rollers the spiral formation of the rib near the
top of the tube assists the thread to find the top of the spindle after the mule is
geared ready to make a stretch, and when the spindles leave the rollers on their
retrograde movement and have finished the stretch, the motion having been
reversed this rib greatly facilitates the movement or action of the yarn known to
spinners as "backing off," thereby preventing a smooth nose on the cop.

page_text: A somewhat similar character may be given to the exterior of the tube by
chasing grooves in it.
In the example of the Invention shewn in Fig. 3, the tube is made with bulbous
protuberances d, d, on different parts of its length.
In the example shewn in Fig. 4, the tube has projections or ribs e, e, in the
form of rings.
In that shewn in Fig. 5, there are small nodular projections f, f, on the exterior
of the tube.
Fig. 6 shews a tube having numerous small holes g,.g, provided in it. The holes
may be of any shape.
All of these constructions of the tube provide for its forming a core to the cop,
and also for the retention of the cop upon it, so that the yarn cannot either
wholly or in part be displaced in the direction of the length of the tube.
It frequently happens in the use of cops of the usual constructions, that is to
say, made. on a very short tube or without any tube or core at all, that when they
are skewered or put on the spindles of loom shuttles, the short quill or tube in the
butt of the cop adhering firmly to the shuttle spindle, the blow of the picker staff
in driving the shuttle in the direction of the butt of the cop breaks the cop in two
in the middle, leaving one-half or the butt end thereof attached to the spindle, and
the nose or detached end thereof lodged in the shuttle or in the fabric. And it
sometimes happens in mule spinning that when a thread has broken and several
stretches have been made before the end has been picked up and pieced, that when
so pieced a weak or scant place will be left in the body of the cop, thus preparing it
as it were to meet with the above-mentioned accident, to wit, the breaking in two of
the cop. These very serious mishaps are avoided by the use of these improved cop
tubes, and all stoppage of the loom occasioned by such accident, and the incidental
loss are avoided, and moreover, by the extension of the tube entirely through the
cop facility is afforded for properly placing the cop on the shuttle spindle.
Having now set forth the nature of the Invention of "Improvements in Cop
Tubes, as communicated to me by my foreign correspondent, and explained the
manner of carrying the same into effect, I wish it to be understood that under the
above in part recited Letters Patent I claim, the constructing of cop tubes in the
manner and for the purpose above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, the Eighteenth day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.
A 17 NEWON