CERTAIN MILLS AND MACHINERY, UPON A NEW OR IMPROVED CONSTRUC- TION, FOR THROWING, SPINNING, DOUBLING, AND TWISTING SILK THREAD, COTTON THREAD, FLAX THREAD, HEMP THREAD, AND ALL SUCH OTHER ARTICLES AS USUALLY ARE OR MAY BE THROWN, SPUN, DOUBLED, OR TWISTED
Year: 1804

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,. THOMAS
MARGRAVE, of the Parish of Saint Mary, Whitechapel, in the County of
Middlesex, Throwster, send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third did, by
His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Nineteenth day of December, in the forty-fifth year of
His reign, give and grant unto me, the said Thomas Margrave, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, His especial licence, that I, the said Thomas
Margrave, my executors, administrators, and assigns, during the term of years
therein mentioned, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon Tweed, my Inven-
tion of "CERTAIN MILLS AND MACHINERY, UPON A NEW OR IMPROVED CONSTRUC-
TION, FOR THROWING, SPINNING, DOUBLING, AND TWISTING SILK THREAD, COTTON
THREAD, FLAX THREAD, HEMP THREAD, AND ALL SUCH OTHER ARTICLES AS USUALLY
ARE OR MAY BE THROWN, SPUN, DOUBLED, OR TWISTED;" in which said Letters
Patent there is contained a proviso obliging me, the said Thomas Margrave,
by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, to cause a particular
description of the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery
within one calendar month after the date of the said recited Letters Patent.

page_text: 3333
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Margrave, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of January, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and five.
THOMAS MARGRAVE. (L.S.)
EXPLANATION of Figure 1 and 2.-An improved circular mill for throwing
off threads. It is divided into eleven equal parts. Figure 1 represents a
section of one of those parts as it appears when at work. Figure 2 shews
the internal part.
In the centre of the mill is shaft A, A, to which are
fastened the worm B (consisting of five threads) and the fly Q, Q, Q, Q. Q
(six feet three inches in diameter). The edge or side of the fly is covered
with leather, and, as it goes round, turns the spindles R, R, R, R, working
in the pots Y, Y, Y, Y. On these spindles are placed or fastened the
bobbins of untbrown silk S, S, S, S. The worm works the wheel C, C (con-
taining twenty-five teeth and fixed to the shaft brackets and stand D, D, D, D.
At the other end of the said shaft is fixed a wheel, E, E, containing twenty-
nine teeth, against which works a double roller F, F (4%, inches in dia-
meter), with a wheel formed in the centre, containing twenty-seven teeth.
It is here to be remarked, that the quantity of threads on the worm B, and
teeth on the wheels C, E, and F, are discretional, as they must be increased
or decreased in proportion to the strength or quantity of throw required. The
double roller F is fastened on the axletrees K, K, which axletrees, being
connected one to the other by the iron joints M, turn the whole of the
rollrer round the mill. Fastened to the said axletrees, viz, F, G, and L, G, is
the motion roller (4½ inches in diameter), in which H, H, the action, tra-
verses and spreads the thread on P, P, P, P, the receiving bobbins, by means
of a friction roller fastened to H, and working in the grove of the motion G, as
explained in the Drawing. The action H is connected together round the mill
by I, a wire being screwed to the end of each of the said actions, as also ex-
plained in the drawing. L, L, L, L, are the rollers (4% inches in diameter),
fastened on the axletree K, which, by noving round with the axletree, turns
the bobbins P that receive the thread. The bobbins P are secured in the
iron frames N. Attached to each of these frames are two moveable spring
wires (as specified in the Drawing), which fasten the bobbin in the frame at each
end when at work. The frames N are fastened in frames O, O (in which a
grove is cut for that purpose, by a hinge and button, as explained in the Drawing,
so as to lift the said frame N up and down, and enable the person working at

page_text: S and the
There are
the mill to take from off it any of the said receiving bobbins P, that may be out
of order, without stopping any other part of the mill. In Figure 1 there are
four frames N fastened on the frame O; one only is lettered in the Drawing,
and that one is thrown up to more readily explain the manner in which P,
the receiving bobbin, is fastened. When it is let down again it of course falls
on the roller L, and by bearing on the said roller, as that roller turns round
on K, the axletree, P, the receiving bobbin, likewise turns, and so geathers the
thread from S, the lower bobbin. The double roller F, with a wheel formed
in the centre, also performs the same work as roller L, as explained in the
Drawing. The axletree K, it is again repeated, turns by means of the double
roller F being fastened on it, which double roller works in wheel E. V, V, V, V,
are the wire caps that guide the thread from S to P, between
action F, which spreads the thread on the receiving bobbins P.
wire eyes fixed in a frame to steady the thread in its transition. T, T, is a
frame in which iron screw stutcheons are fastened to secure the spindle
R. W, W, is the weight and string fastened on T, and which, by bearing on
the spindle immediately above the stutcheons, gives them an equal pressure
on the fly. X, X, X, X, X, X, is the frame of the mill, consisting of eleven
upright standards and two circular frames. It is again repeated, that
Figure 1 is a section of one of the eleven parts of the mill. With the excep-
tion of F and G there is only one, F, and, consequently, in the other divisions
the rollers L are placed in their stead. There are three motions (G) placed
in three of the eleven different divisions. In the remaining eight divisions,
a roller (L) is placed in lieu of (G). and on which a receiving bobbin (P)
works, the same as on the other rollers L. The height from the pots Y to
the top of the receiving bobbin P is 22 inches. This is a description of
the mill for one tier.
EXPLANATION of Figure 3.-An improved circular mill for spinning,
doubling, and twisting of threads.-The lower part of the mill, as described
in the Drawing, is the same as Figures 1 and 2, that is to say, as far as
relates to the lower spindles worked by the fly. In the centre is a shaft A, to
which is fastened B a drum, four feet in diameter, and F, a groved wheel, two
feet eight inches in diameter. D, D, a band working round B. the drum, and
which, by a transverse motion conducted by C, C, the lower leading rollers,
turns E, the spindle on which is fixed T the receiving bobbin. H, a card
working in F, the groved wheel, and which, by a transverse motion conducted
by G, G, the upper leading pullies, turns the roller connected with the con-
ducting eye I, which lays the thread on the receiving bobbin K, a wheel
worked precisely in the same manner as the double roller F, in Figure 1 and 2,

page_text: viz, by B, C, D, and E. L, L, L, the shaft brackets and stand, to which K is
fixed. M, a heart motion, likewise fastened on the shaft L. N, a lever working
against M. O, a lever attached at the end of the lever N, and at the other
end to P, a loose roller on the centre shaft. Q, a cord fixed to P, passing over
a pully secured in the framework, and fastened at the opposite end to R, R.,
a circular frame. Attached to this frame is S, the lifter, which, falling into the
grove of I, moves it up and down so as to lay the silk regularly on the
receiving bobbin. In further explanation of this motion, it is to be observed
that P, the loose roller, turns backwards and forwards as M, the heart motion,
goes round the shaft L, on account of their connection together through the
levers N and O. Now, as the loose roller P turns backwards and forwards, it
raises and falls the circular frame R, by means of the cords Q; S, the lifters,
being attached to the circular frame; and, as before observed, falling into the
grove of the conductor I, of course raises and falls it so as to spread the thread
regularly on the receiving bobbins. V, the finger pulls (consisting of two
square pieces of wood covered in the inside with cloth), through which the
thread from the lower bobbins pass, in order to give them an equal and
regular pressure previous to being put through W, W, the poppits. From
these they pass through two eyes, as explained in the said Drawing, to steady
the said poppits, then through another eye immediately over the centre of the
receiving bobbin, then through the conducting eye, and from thence on to the
receiving bobbins. The use of these poppits are, that in the event of either
of the threads breaking, the poppet through which the thread so broke passed
(and which was previously supported by the said thread bearing the eye of the
poppet on a parallel with V, the finger pulls) immediately falls on the pallet of
X, the leaver, and, by sinking that end of it, raises the opposite one so as to
make it come in contact with rotchets or stops fastened on the hose of the
bobbin, as also on a roller that turns the conducting eye; consequently, imme-
diately that one of the two threads break, the poppet, by falling on the pallet of
the leaver X, and raising the opposite end of it, stops both the spindle on
which the receiving bobbin is fixed, and the conducting eye attaching to the
said bobbin, until the person, working at the mill ties up the end and again
sets it at work. The eyes of the poppets are not seen in Figure 3, they being
supposed to have fallen on the leaver from the breaking of the thread.
Z, Z, Z, small pullies round the mill, and which guide the cord and band,
and regulates the pressure of each on the spindles. Several parts of the
framework in this Figure 3 appear to be cut away for the purpose of more
clearly shewing the internal part of the machine. There are six divisions in
it, and each division contains eight lower and four upper spindles. Only two

page_text: lower and one upper spindle are specified in the Drawing, because, as all the
others work in the precise same manner, it is unnecessary to repeat them.
The dotted lines round the drum are intended to explain, that in those spaces
are to be placed the remaining five divisions. C and G, the upper and lower
leading pullies, and Z the smaller upper and lower leading pullies, are fixed
loose on small shafts, as explained in the Drawing, and which shafts are
secured to the framework round the mill.
EXPLANATION of Figure 4 and 5.-The leaver, as used in Figure 3, Letter
X, and in Figure 8, Letter D. Figure 4 represents its actual situation when
the pallet of the lever has been depressed by the falling of the poppets I.
Therein is a regulating screw to prevent poppet bearing the lever too low
when they fall on it from the breaking of the threads. Figure 5 represents
the under side of the lever, and shews 2, the springs which steadys the
opposite end of the lever to which the poppets fall, so as to make it bear
within a short distance of the rotchets which it stops.
person working at the mill to raise up the pallet of the
poppets have fallen, so as to bring the eyes of the said poppets on a parallel
with the finger-pulls, and thus render it easy to pass the thread through the
said eyes after having been tied up. 33 in Figure 4 and 5 is the screw
which regulates the spring 2.
It also enables the
lever on which the
EXPLANATION of Figure 6.-The spindle used in Figure 3, Letter E. 4, 4, the
hoses fastened tight on the spindle, the lower one of which is turned by the
band. The upper one has a rotchet or stop, which, by the leaver X falling
into it, as explained in Figure 4, stops the spindle in the event of a thread
breaking. The receiving bobbin is fastened tight on this spindle. 5, the
slutcheon which secures the spindle. 6 is a brass pipe or ferrell secured to the
slutcheon 5, and which encompasses the spindle without bearing against it.
7 is the pully worked by cord H; this also has a rotchet or stop, which, by the
leaver X falling into it, as explained in Figure 4, stops the conducting eye
in the event of a thread breaking, and which, as it turns round, being
connected with the conducting eye by means of two wires placed in the said
pully, and passing perpendicularly through the roller attached to the said
conducting eye, turns it round the receiving bobbin in the centre of the pully.
7 is a brass pipe or ferrell, which falls on the brass pipe or ferrell 6, and so,
from the circumstance of ferrell 6 encompassing the spindle without bearing
upon it, the pully 7 likewise turns round by working on ferrell 6 without
bearing on the spindle, and that saves considerable friction. 7 is thrown up in
the Drawing, in order to shew the ferrell or pipe in the inside of it, which
works on 6. I is the conducting eye, which lays the thread on the receiving

page_text: bobbin T, and which moves up and down, as already explained, by S, the
lifter in Figure 3. Figure 7 represents a view of the manner in which the
cords and band travel attaching to Figure 3. P is the loose roller on the
contre shafts, to which are fastened Q, the cords that are connected to R, the
circular frame; the loose pully P is turned backwards and forwards by means
of its connection with the heart motion M, through leavers N and O, as
already explained in Fig. 3. B is the drum round which D, the band,
works, and which is conducted from the drum by means of the lower leading
pullies C (not observable in this Figure, being supposed to be covered by the
. upper leading pullies G, which is already evinced in Figure 3), so as to make
them bear on the outside of the spindles E, E, E, E, E, round the mill. F is
the groved wheel round which H, the cord, works. G, G, are the upper leading
pullies which conduct the cord from the groved wheel, so as to make it bear on
the outside of the rollers which turn the conducting eyes. Z, Z, Z, Z, Z, are
the small pullies round the mill, which guide the cord and band, and regulates
the pressure of each on the spindles.
EXPLANATION of Fig. 8.-An improved machine for doubling threads. When
this doubling machine is at work, in the event of any of the threads breaking
in their passage from A, A, the bobbins of single thread, to E, the receiving
bobbin, E is immediately stopped by the falling of the poppets C, C (as
already described in Fig. 3, Letter W), in the pallet of the lever D, which lever
is also described in Figures 3, 4, and 5, Letter X. F, F, is the ratchet and
spindle on which the receiving bobbin works and against which the lever acts.
G is a roller fastened on the axletree, and which by moving round turns F,
the ratchet and spindle on which E, the receiving bobbin, works. H is the
motion fastened on the same axletree as the roller G. I, I, I, the action which
spreads the silk on the receiving bobbin. K is the friction roller fastened on
I, and working in the groove of the motion H. The threads from the bobbins
A are passed through the cleanser B, for the purpose of clearing the thread
from any gout that may adhere to it, as also to give an equal tightness to each
thread in their transit to the poppets. Previous to the thread being put through
the poppets, they are passed over a wire rod for the purpose of steadying the
said poppets. From the poppets the threads are passed both together through
an eye, as explained in the Drawings, in order to connect them both together,
previous to their being laid on the receiving bobbins. Figure 9, of the motion
II, as used in Fig. 8, is for the purpose of showing the form in which the
groove is cut. Figure 10, of K, the friction roller, as used in Fig. 8, is for
the purpose of more clearly showing the manner in which it works, and the
way in which it is attached to frame 1. The curve at the end is to enable it to

page_text: pass the double grove in the motion H, where they cross. Figure 11 is the
cleanser B, as used in Fig. 8; 1, is the spring in the inside, and which when at
work is not seen, on account of being encased in a box, as seen in Fig. 12.
This spring bears against 2, a small piece of wood edged with brass, as seen in
Fig. 13, which bears, by virtue of the spring, tight against another piece of
wood 5, covered with cloth. Between these the thread passes, and consequently,
in the event of any gout attaching to the thread, the closeness with which the
wood edged with brass adheres to the wood covered with cloth prevents it
passing through on to the bobbins. 3 is the regulating screw to the spring,
making it bear tighter or slacker on 2, as occasion requires; 4 is a piece of
wire or wood, also seen in Fig. 12, passed over 2, and which prevents it, by
means of the button fastened on 2, from shooting out of the frame. The
number of teeth on wheel K, in Fig. 3, are discretional.
My new improvements are, in Figs. 1 and 2, the application of a fly to
work the spindles, the iron frames in which the receiving bobbins are fixed,
and the manner in which they are placed. In Fig. 8 the spindle E, as cx-
plained in Fig. No. 6, and the application of a fly, to work the common
spindles. (In Fig. 8, the cleanser B, as explained in Fig. 11, 12, and 13, & the
lever D, as explained in Fig. 4 and 5; but as I am not positively certain
they are entirely new, I do not claim them.)
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the same Nineteenth day of January,
in the year above mentioned, the aforesaid Thomas Margrave came before
our Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained in form above written.
And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of
the Statute in that made and provided.
Inrolled the same Nineteenth day of January, in the year above