IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WOVEN HADDING
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Mallinson, of Salford, in the County of
Lancaster, Pattern Designer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF WOVEN HADDING"
Sealed the 3rd September 1860, and dated the 5th April 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Mallinson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
April 1860.
I, GEORGE MALLINSON, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Pattern
Designer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WOVEN FABRICS," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to produce fabrics having a pile surface of
mohair, alpaca, or other costly material, with a back or foundation of cotton,
or other cheap material. In weaving these improved fabrics I prefer to make
use of two or more weft threads of different colors and qualities, which are
floated over the warp threads so as to produce floats of different lengths; these
floats are afterwards cut in the usual manner to obtain pile of two or more
different lengths; by means of these improvements a rich and glossy appearance
is imparted to the surface of the fabrics.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Mallinson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
10th September 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
MALLINSON, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Pattern Designer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-third year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
George Mallinson, Her special licence that I, the said George Mallinson, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said George
Mallinson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WOVEN FABRICS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said George Mallinson, my executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said. George Mallinson, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement (that is to say):-
The object of my Invention is to produce fabrics having a pile surface of
mohair, alpaca, or other costly material with a back and foundation of cotton
or other cheap material. In weaving these improved fabrics I prefer to make
use of two or more weft threads of different colors and qualities, which are
floated over the warp threads so as to produce floats of different lengths; these
floats are afterwards cut in the usual manner to obtain pile of two or more
different lengths; by means of these improvements a rich and glossy appearance
is imparted to the surface of the fabrics.
And in order that my Invention may be fully understood and readily carried
into effect, I will proceed to describe the means pursued by me, reference being

page_text: had to the accompanying diagram, which represents a draught or tie-up'
suitable for producing my improved woven fabrics in an ordinary loon having
two or more shuttles.
The 8 horizontal lines in the diagram indicate the shafts or healds, and
the eighteen vertical lines represent the treadles; the rising cords are indicated
by the crosses at the intersection of the horizontal and vertical lines.
The two sets of Figures from 1 to 28 at the lower part of the tie-up, indicate
the order of succession in which the shuttles must be worked to produce one
description of my improved woven fabrics.
In weaving my improved fabrics I prefer to make use of a warp of cotton
or other strong and cheap material, and I employ two or more kinds of weft,
partly of cotton or other cheap material, to form the back and the short or
foundation pile, and partly of mohair, alpaca, or other costly material to pro-
duce the face or long pile of the fabric.
The diagram indicates the succession in which the weft is thrown in to
produce a rich fabric, that is to say, eight shoots of mohair or other costly
material, then a binding weft, then four shoots of the weft to form the short or
foundation pile, then a binding weft, and after that, other eight shoots of
mohair or other costly material, and so on until the piece is woven.
It is,
however evident, that the order of succession in which the binding weft and
the weft for the long and short pile are thrown in, and the color and quality of
the weft threads may be varied according to the particular style or quality of
fabric to be produced. It will also be apparent, that in order to produce pile
of different lengths, the weft of cotton or other cheap material must be floated
over a less number of warp threads than the weft of mohair, alpaca, or other
costly material. When the fabric has been woven the races are cut in the
usual manner of cutting fustians; by this means the costly pile is raised above
the foundation pile, and fabrics are produced at a comparatively small cost,
having the rich and glossy appearance due to the surface of mohair, alpaca, or
other costly material of which the long pile is made, and possessing also great
warmth and softness, owing to the short foundation or filling up pile made of
cotton or other cheap material.
I wish to remark, that in some cases more than two qualities or colors of
weft may be used so as to produce more than two different lengths of pile;
also that the number of healds and treadles, and the peculiar arrangement of
the tie-up may be varied.
Having thus stated the nature of my Invention, and the manner of per-
forming the same, I wish it to be understood that I do not limit myself to the
precise details given, so long as the peculiar character thereof be retained; but
:

page_text: what I do claim is, the improvements in, the manufacture of woven fabrics
described, whereby a surface pile of mohair; alpaca, or other costly material, is
combined with a foundation pile of cotton or other cheap material.
In witness whereof, J; the said George Mallinson, have hereto set my
hand and seal, this Seventh day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty.
GEORGE MALLINSON. (L.S.)