Improvements in and in Connection with Glazing, also Applicable for Fixing Sheets of Metal, Slate, or other Material, and Partly Applicable to Capping for Metal Roofing.
Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 10th June, 1886.
Complete Left, 10th Mar., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 15th Apr., 1887.
Improvements in and in Connection with Glazing, also Applicable
for Fixing Sheets of Metal, Slate, or other Material, and Partly
Applicable to Capping for Metal Roofing.
I, CHARLES FREDRICK ELLIOTT, of 40 Selborne Street, Liverpool, in the County
of Lancaster, Managing Foreman do hereby declare the nature of my said invention
to be as follows:-
My invention relates to certain improvements hereinafter described, in and in
connection with that type of glazing, or fixing roofing sheets in which putty or
cement is dispensed with, the sheets being held between a sash bar and a cap, or over
wood or iron cones, or rolls, or filletts.
My invention consists in the particular form of and connection between the sash
bar and cap, whereby the cap keys onto the sash bar, and connecting screws or like
devices are dispensed with and the connecting screws or like devices between the sash
bars and their supports are protected from the weather, and their holes can be so
formed as to allow for expansion and contraction. The connection between the cap
and the sash bar being also such as to allow for expansion and contraction of these
parts.
A sheet metal sash bar according to my invention consists as follows. The sash
bar is provided with wings, the edges of which are turned up and provided with
grooves, or channels to receive rope or other packing strips in manner such as shown
in Figure 8 of the drawings of the specification of a former Patent granted to me,
No. 5472. A.D. 1880, but in the present case I turn up the edge of the groove or
channel so as to more securely grip the packing strip which is placed in such groove.
These turned up flanges and packing strips form the seat, or bed for the glass or other
sheets. The sash bar may be provided with a wooden core.
In constructing the sash bar I form on the upper edges thereof longitudinal beads
or keys which project angularly along each upper edge of the sash bar, and I form the
capping, or cover of a section to correspond with and slide over and key onto the said
beads or keys, the capping leaving a space between its underside and the upper
surface of the sash bar for the heads of the screws, bolts or like devices by which the

page_text: sash bar is fastened to the rafters, or purlines and to the wooden core. The holes in
the metal of the sash bar through which the screws, or bolts pass may be enlarged or
elongated to allow for expansion and contraction.
In fixing the capping it slides on the beads or keys of the sash bar and weathers, or
covers over the holes and screw or bolt heads, thus preventing any leakage and at the
same time firmly fixing the cap and sash bar together without external fastenings.
The edges of the capping are made to correspond with the turned up edges of the sash
bar, leaving sufficient space between them to receive the glass, or other sheets. To
prevent the cap from slipping I provide the lower end of each sash bar with a clip
which is secured to the sash bar in the space between the sash bar and the cap so that
when the cap is in position the clip can be bent over it and so prevent it from
slipping.
Zine or other sheet metal sash bars may be made with, or without wooden cores,
and in cases where the roof is constructed of iron framing I provide an iron rafter
which may be rivetted or bolted to the purlines and form a hollow rafter. Where the
sash bars are formed of iron the grooves for the packing strips are preferably on the
outside of the turned up edges, as the metal is more easily rolled, drawn, or cast in
this form. The beads or keys forming a double grip for the cap being formed on the
upper edges of the sash bar as in the case of zinc, or other sheet metal sash bars.
A suitable means and method of constructing zinc or other sheet metal bars as
above set forth is as follows. I first take a sheet of metal of the requisite width and
place it on a matrix having two projecting beads, and press these beads in the metal
by a corresponding die, or the beads can be rolled in the sheet metal. I then place
the sheet with the beads on a matrix corresponding with the finished form of the bar
and with a corresponding die I press the sheet metal into the form of the matrix and
produce the sash bar. Other means of constructing the sash bar can be employed,
namely, it may be produced by rolling, or drawing, the section of the rolls or draw
plates corresponding to the section of the sash bar.

page_text: Improvements in and in Connection with Glazing, also Applicable
for Fixing Sheets of Metal, Slate, or other Material, and Partly
Applicable to Capping for Metal Roofing.
I CHARLES FREDERICK ELLIOTT, of 40, Selborne Street, Liverpool, in the County of
Lancaster, Managing Foreman, do hereby declare the nature of my said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My Invention relates to certain improvements hereinafter described, and in connection
with that type of glazing, or fixing roofing sheets in which putty, or cement is
dispensed with, the sheets being held between a sash bar and cap, or over wood, or
iron cores, or rolls, or fillets.
My Invention consists in the particular form of and connection between the sash bar
and cap, whereby the cap keys onto the sash bar and connecting screws, or like devices
are dispensed with, and connecting screws, or like devices between the sash bars and
their supports are protected from the weather and their holes can be so formed as to
allow for expansion and contraction. The connection between the cap and the sash
bar being also such as to allow for expansion and contraction of these parts.
A sheet metal sash bar according to my Invention consists as follows. The sash bar
is provided with wings the edges of which are turned up and provided with grooves,
or channels to receive rope, or other packing strips in manner such as shown in
Figure S of the Drawings of the Specification of a former Patent granted to me
No. 5472. A.D. 1880, but in the present case I turn up the edge of the groove, or
channel, so as to more securely grip the packing strip which is placed in such groove.
These turned up flanges and packing strips form the seat, or bed for the glass,
or other sheets. The sash bar may be provided with a wooden, metal, or other
strengthening core.
In constructing the sash bar, I form on the upper edges thereof longitudinal beads,
or keys which project angularly along each upper edge of the sash bar, and I form the
capping, or cover of a section to correspond with and slide over and key onto the said
beads, or keys, the capping leaving a space between its underside and the upper
surface of the sash bar for the heads of the screws bolts, or like devices by which the
sash bar is fastened to the rafter, or purlines and to the wooden, or other core, at the
same time providing a solid bearing for any weight that may come on the caps by
climbing over them. The holes in the metal of the sash bar through which the screws,
or bolts pass may be enlarged, or elongated to allow expansion and contraction.
In fixing the capping it is slid on the beads, or keys of the sash bar and weathers,
or covers over the holes and screw or bolt heads, thus preventing any leakage and at
the same time firmly fixing the cap and sash bar together without external fastenings.
The edges of the capping are made to correspond with the turned up edges of the
sash bar, leaving sufficient space between them to receive the glass, or other sheets.

page_text: To prevent the cap from slipping, I provide the lower end of each sash bar with a clip
which is secured to the sash bar in the space between the sash bar and the cap so that
when the cap is in position the clip can be bent over it and so prevent it from slipping.
Zinc, or other sheet metal, sash bars may be made with, or without wooden cores
and in cases where the roof is constructed of iron framing I provide an iron rafter
which may be rivetted, or bolted to the purlines and form a hollow rafter. Where the
sash bars are formed of iron, or wood, the grooves for the packing strips may be on
the outside, or inside of the turned up edges. The metal may be easily rolled, drawn,
or cast in these forms. The beads, or keys are formed on the upper portion of the
sash bar.
In connection with the above my Invention consists of a method and means for
manufacturing the sash bars when made of malleable metal such as zinc. Such means
and method of constructing zinc, or other malleable sheet metal bars as above set forth
is as follows. The sheets of metal of the requisite width are first placed on matrices
having grooves or projecting beads and I press these beads in the metal by corresponding
dies. I then place the sheet with the beads on a matrix corresponding with the finished
form of the bar and with corresponding dies I press the sheet metal into the form of
the matrix and produce the sash bar. These operations may be done by separate
operations as hereafter described. Other means of constructing the sash bar can be
employed, namely it may be produced by rolling, or drawing the section of the rolls,
or draw plates corresponding to the section of the sash bar, or it may be constructed
by one, or more combinations of these processes.
Examples embodying the improvements according to this Invention are
given in the
accompanying five sheets of Drawings which form a part of this Specification and
which are marked with figures and letters of reference corresponding with those used
in the description hereunder given of the various examples of figures.
Figure 1 illustrates a malleable, or ductile metal glazing, preferably zinc. It consists
essentially of two portions one a sash bar a and the other a cap b. The sash bar is
made of a single piece of metal and provided with two beads, or projections c one on
either side so formed as to give the cap ba secure bearing. The crown of the sash
is lowered and a space is thus formed between it and the cap. The object of this
construction is to provide room for the head of the screws which I prefer to use in this
form of glazing, by which the sashes are secured to the frame, purlines, or other object
to which they may be applied. An example of securing shown in Figures 11 to 15
(hereafter described). It will be seen on reference to the Drawings that the cap is
shaped at its upper corners to correspond with the beads c of the sash so that when
slid over it the bent in portions bear upon the under side of the beads e and so secure
the
cap in position and a good bearing is effected. The sides, or wings of the
cap
extend outwards and have turned down edges e which bear upon the glass h.
b
In each of the various examples of malleable stamped, or drawn metal sash bars
(such as zinc) namely those illustrated in Figures 1, 1 and 2 and 6 to 15, the beads c
and impressed crown d are maintained and the sides spaced apart. Such space must
be at least sufficient to give the necessary room for the head of the fastening screws.
The lower, or glass bearing portions of the sashes vary as will be seen. For instance
in Figure I each wing, or side of the bar is provided, or formed with two channels
and one outside the other, whilst in Figure 2 the channels are turned inwards and
lie within the channels i. In each case the channels g serve to hold the packing strips,
or cords k.
In Figure 1 the bar a is shown formed of a single piece of metal constituting a
tubular construction, the ends of the metal being made to over lap at the upper part d
of the bar. The beads c, the sides of the bar the channels and the bottom are of
continuous metal. The interior space may if required be provided with a strengthening
core (m) such as wood which may be inserted from the open ends of the bar. The
tubular formation of a sheet metal sash bar is applicable to other constructions of
sheet metal bars, that is to say the contour, or shape of the bar may be of various
kinds and other than that shown. By the use of a tubular formation, I am enabled to
construct sash bars of great strength in relation to the weight of metal used.

page_text: Figure 9 shows a modification of sheet, bearer. The sheets in this instance are fitted
into recesses, or channels formed in the sides of the bars a and take the place of the
channels g. The water channels are similar to those of the other example above
described.
The sheets h in Figure 10 are borne by the ledges which are formed between the
channels and g.
Means of strengthening the sash bars a are shown in Figures 6. 7 and 8. In
Figure 6 the strengthing consists of a wooden core m fitting to the sides and crown
of the sash and also supporting a portion of the channels i. In Figure 7 the
strengthening consists of a channelled cast iron core m the upper edges c¹ of which
take into the hollow channels formed by the beads c. The same form of strengthening
is shown also in Figure 8, but in this case is an inverted channel core m. In these
two Figures m' represent flanges cast upon the cores to form seats by which the
sash bars may be fastened to the purlines, or other bearing.
も
An example of a joint and a general arrangement of a glazing constructed in the
form set forth with reference to Figure 1 is shown by Figures 11 to 15. Figure 11
is a perspective view of the arrangement. Figure 12 shows two bars and caps
separated and Figure 14 shows the same connected. Figure 13 is a cross section
through XX Figure 12 and Figure 15 is a plan showing the connection illustrated in
Figure 14. When a sheet of glass is to be secured, or put in, the caps bare slid off
from the beads c. The sheet is then put in position upon the bearers of the bars a and
the caps slid on. The caps are prevented from becoming displaced by strips, or
pieces n of pliable metal which are secured by the holding down screws. The ends of
these strips
nare turned over the end of the caps as shown. The strips may be made of
any suitable metal capable of withstanding repeated bendings Brass will serve the
purpose. Where the ends of the bars are connected to one another and also to the sash
bearer O such as purline one sash a and cap bis made to surmount and overlap the other
(see Figures 11. 14 and 15) and the channels of the upper bar bear upon the channels
of the lower one. To permit of this overlapping the beads e of the lower bar a at c²
are made flush with the sides of the bar (see Figures 12. 13 and 11). The sheets
of glass borne by the lower bar butt up against the end of the upper bar as shown
and the sheets borne by the upper bar project beyond the end of such bar at hand
overlap the lower sheets. The caps 6 of the upper bars project beyond the bar in the
same degree as the glass whilst the sides of the cap of the lower bar is cut away
bearing only the upper portion of the cap which fits under the cap of the upper bar.
The two bars are secured in position by screws which pass through them and into
the purline or other bearing. The screws also pass through and secure the strips n.
The bars may if desired be let into the purlines, or other scating.
Figures 3 and 4 are respectively cross section and side view of a cast metal bar a
(such as cast iron). In this case the bar consists of a single verticle web s having
beads, or projections on each side of it at its upper portion. These beads, or
projections constitute a head and may be of any desired shape so long as the cap
bearing beads, or projections care maintained. The under side of the beads, or
projections serve to bear and hold the cap & in position. In this case the bar may be
secured to its bearing, or seat by the flanges m¹ which are held by screws in the
ordinary way.
b
In Figure 5 a represents a wooden bar, the head of which is provided with beads,
or projections c substantially as set forth with reference to Figures 3 and 4.
In
Figures 16 and 17 illustrate in cross section my Invention applied to the joining of
sheets of metal for roofing purposes.
represents the ordinary wood covering of a
roof and represents ordinary rolls. y are the metal sheets (such as zinc) the edges
of which are brought up the rolls as shown and turned, or shaped into beads c.
Figure 16 the edges of the sheets q are secured to the roll by screws m³ and
washers m³ which bear upon and grip the edges of the sheets as shown. In Figure 17
the same object is effected by the beads e being turned outwards instead of inwards as
in Figure 16. The washers m³ in Figure 17 consist of strips, or pieces of metal

page_text: shaped and turned over to correspond with the beads c of the roofing sheets. These
washers mare interspaced along the roll at such intervals as may be required and
held by screws m².
are made to correspond with and slide over the
same construction as that set forth with reference to
The
caple
beads c and are substantially
Figure 1.
The sheet metal bars a and caps 6 when made of malleable and ductile metal such
as zinc may be either drawn, or stamped. When they are drawn it is effected in
stages by suitable dies by the ordinary process. For stamping, or pressing the forms
of bars set forth with reference to Figures 1 and 2 I use the dies illustrated in
Figures 18 to 24. Figures 18 to 21 show sections of dies for stamping sash bars a
with outwardly turned channels G. A are the upper dies and B the lower dies. The
latter are provided with gauge pieces C against which the metal is placed when
stamping, so as to ensure the impressions of the dies being made in the metal on the
correct parts. represents the metal strip throughout these Figures showing
the shape of the same throughout the process. Figure 18 shows the dies for stamping
the beads c and consists of projections 1 formed in the face of the die of the required
size and distance apart. The lower die is provided with grooves 2 corresponding with
the projections 1. The dies shown in Figure 19 are for stamping the channels y
of the bar u. The upper die consists of two longitudinal projections and 4 and a
groove 5. The lower, or female die is provided with corresponding grooves 6 and 7
and a projection 8.
Figure 20 shows the form of dies for forming the channels in the sash bar. The
projecting piece 9 of the upper die and the corresponding groove 10 of the lower die
effect this; the projection 11 and groove 12 being provided to correspond with the
channel already formed in the metal ». After the metal has been stamped and
treated by the three above described sets of dies it is subjected to a forth and final
treatment for bending the metal (it now having received all the necessary impressions)
into the shape of the bar a. This is effected by the dies illustrated in Figure 21. The
upper die consists of two side projecting cheeks 13 and a slightly projecting strip 14.
The lower die consists essentially of an upright matrix 15 having two projecting
beads 16. 16. It will be seen that this matrix corresponds with the space formed by
the sides and crown of the completed bar. The metal is placed on the matrix 15 as
shown in the Drawing, when the upper die descends and bends the sides of the metal
down and 50 causes it to take the shape of the complete bar a.
I prefer to make the various stampings in the order above specified, but the first
three stages may be varied as to order without material modification of lies.
The dies above set forth may be fixed to and worked by stamping, or pressing
machinery of any known, or convenient kind. It will be seen that the shape of the
under and upper dies may consist of the converse of those shown. For instance in
lieu of the dies in Figure 18 consisting of projections 1 and the lower die of recesses,
or grooves 2, the upper die may be provided with grooves, or recesses and the lower
die may have projecting strips 1.
Figures 23 and 24 show the modified form of dies which I use for making sash bars
having internal channels g, namely bars constructed as set forth with with reference to
Figure 2. In this instance the dies shown in Figure 23 are equivalent to those shown
in Figure 20 and the dies shown in Figure 24 are equivalent to those set forth with
reference to Figure 21. For making the beads c of the bar a, I use in this case the
same construction of dies as shown in Figure 18 and for making the channel I I use the
same kind of dies as shown in Figure 19 but these channels are made on the inverse
side of the metal as shown in dotted lines and designated by the letter V
Figure 19.
The сар bis made by dies shaped as shown in Figure 22. The face of these dies
correspond with the shape of half of the cap and the two halves are made by the same
dies in two operations, as will be understood.
By the above described construction and arrangement of glazing and jointing for
roofing sheets, all screws and bolts are covered in and protected from all deleterious
atmospheric influences; at the same time a secure fastening is provided. The glazing,

page_text: or roofing is moreover one which can be readily repaired, taken to pieces, or put
together.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is :-
First. In glazing of the type herein described a sash bar made of a single piece of
malleable, or ductile sheet metal having two bearing beads, or projections c adapted to
receive and hold a cap substantially as set forth.
b
Second. In glazing of the type herein described a cast metal or wooden bar a having
bearing projections c on each side thereof adapted to receive and hold a cup
substantially as set forth.
Third. In sheet metal roofings of the type herein described forming the edges of the
sheets into beads, or projections c in such a manner as to receive and hold a cap b such
cap being constructed to fit over such beads, or projections substantially as and for the
purposes set forth with reference to Figures 16 and 17 of the drawings.
Fourth. In glazinu of the type herein described a sash bar of malleable, or ductile
sheet metal of tubular, or hollow construction, or formation whereby great strength is
obtained, as set forth.
Fifth. The dies A and B constructed substantially as set forth with reference to
Figures 18. 19. 20. 21. 23 and 24 for forming the malleable, or ductile sheet metal
bars a set forth with reference to Figures 1 and 2 of the Drawings.
C
Sixth. The method herein described of constructing the malleable, or ductile sheet
metal bar a set forth with reference to Figures 1 and 2 of the Drawings which
consists of first forming the beads & then forming the channels then the channels i
and then bending the improved plate into its final form, such formation of beads,
channels, or bending being effected by dies constructed substantially as described.
Seventh. The dies A and B constructed substantially as set forth with reference to
Figure 22 for forming the malleable, or ductile sheet metal cap herein described.
Eighth. The connection, or jointing of the sheet metal glazing herein described set
forth with reference to Figures 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15 of the Drawings hereto
annexed.
Ninth. The particular formation and construction of the sash bars described and
shown with reference to Figures 1. 1. 2. 3. and 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9 and 10 of the
Drawings.
Tenth. The particular formation and arrangement of sheet metal roofing jointings
described and shown with reference to Figures 16 and 17 of the Drawings."
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