IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BROWN COLORING MATTERS
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Georges de Laire, of the Imperial Mint, Paris, in the
Empire of France, Chemist, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF BROWN COLORING MATTERS."-Partly a communication
from abroad by Charles Girard, of Lyons, France, Chemist.
Sealed the 9th June 1863, and dated the 17th March 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Georges de Laire at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
March 1863.
I, GEORGES DE LAIRE, of the Imperial Mint, Paris, in the Empire of
France, Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BROWN COLORING MATTERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
brown coloring matters. In order to produce a brown coloring matter,
aniline red, violet, or blue dyes is taken and treated with a salt of aniline.
The salt which is found the most suitable is the hydrochlorate, and the
following is a convenient way in which to conduct the process:-Take 4 parts
of anhydrous hydrochlorate of aniline, and one part of dry aniline red, which
add to the hydrochlorate as soon as it has become fused. When the aniline
red has entirely dissolved, the temperature of the mixture is rapidly raised to
the boiling point of the hydrochlorate of aniline, about 240° centigrade. The
mass is maintained at this temperature until its color, which is of a fine

page_text: reddish violet, and which seems at first to undergo no alteration, changes
suddenly to brown. The operation lasts one or two hours, and may be
regarded as complete when yellow vapours are observed to condense on the
sides of the apparatus, at the same time a strong and altogether characteristic
smell of garlic is perceptible. The brown color thus obtained is soluble in
water, alcohol, and acids, and may be employed at once in dyeing, and without
any previous treatment. It may also be purified by precipitating it from its
aqueous solution by common salt. In general, sufficiently concentrated saline
solutions or alkaline solutions precipitate the brown colour from its solutions.
In place of employing aniline dye already formed, the material for producing
the dye may be substituted, as, for example, the arseniate of aniline (which
heated by itself yields aniline red) may be treated with the hydrochlorate of
aniline, and the brown dye will be thus produced.
I would remark that the word "aniline" in this Specification is intended to
mean not only aniline properly so called, but also the bodies analogous thereto
known as the homologues of aniline, such as toluidine and others.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Georges de Laire in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
16th September 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGES
DE LAIRE, of the Imperial Mint, Paris, in the Empire of France, Chemist,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-sixth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said Georges de Laire, Her special licence that I, the said
Georges de Laire, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Georges de Laire, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BROWN COLORING MATTERS," the
result partly of a communication made to me from abroad by the Inventor,

page_text: Charles Girard, of Lyons, France, Chemist, and partly of invention and
discovery made by myself, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said Georges de Laire, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be. performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Georges de Laire, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:--
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
brown coloring matters. In order to produce a brown coloring matter,
aniline, violet, or blue dye is taken and treated with a salt of aniline. The
salt which is found the most suitable is the hydrochlorate. I would here
remark that in my Provisional Specification it was proposed to treat aniline
red in a similar manner, but it has since been found that the production of a
brown colour from this material is too costly, the value of the red dye being too
great to commence with. The following is a convenient way in which to
conduct the process:-Take 4 parts of anhydrous hydrochlorate of aniline,
and 1 part of dry aniline, violet, or blue dye, which add to the hydrochlorate
as soon as it has become fused. When the aniline dye has entirely dissolved,
the temperature of the mixture is rapidly raised to the boiling point of the
hydrochlorate of aniline, about 240° centigrade. The mass is maintained at
this temperature until its colour, which seems at first to undergo no alteration,
changes suddenly to brown. The operation lasts one or two hours, and may
be regarded as complete when yellow vapours are observed to condense on the
sides of the apparatus, at the same time a strong and altogether characteristic
smell of garlic is perceptible. The brown color thus obtained is soluble in
water, alcohol, and acids, and may be employed at once in dyeing, and without
any previous treatment. It may also be purified by precipitating it from its
aqueous solution by common salt. In general, sufficiently concentrated saline
solutions or alkaline solutions precipitate the brown colour from its solutions.
In place of employing aniline dye already formed, the material for producing
the dye may be substituted, as, for example, the arseniate of aniline (which
heated by itself yields aniline red) may be treated with the bydrochlorate of
aniline, and the brown dye will thus be produced.

page_text: I would remark that the word aniline in this Specification is intended to
mean not only aniline properly so called, but also the bodies analogous thereto
known as the homologues of aniline, such as toluidine and others.
In witness whereof, I, the said Georges de Laire, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twelfth day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.
GEORGES DE LAIRE. (L.S.)