Electro Magnets.
Year: 1885

page_text: Electro Magnets.
I EDWARD GARDNER COLTON of the firm of Popplewell Colton & Co of Victoria
Chambers Southampton Buildings in the county of Middlesex Fellow of the
Institute of Patent Agents do hereby declare the nature of this invention for
IMPROVED METHOD OF NEUTRALIZING THE RESIDUAL MAGNETISM IN ELECTRO
MAGNETS, a communication to me from abroad by Friedrich Haenichen, Otto
Haenichen, and Oscar Seebass all of Staats Zeitung Building Tryon Row in the
City County and State of New York U.S.A. Electricians, and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
It is well known in operating electrical instruments, inconvenience and loss of
battery power is caused by the residual magnetism' in the coros of electro magnets
which heretofore could not be effectively neutralized. The object of this invention
is to furnish a method of neutralizing the residual magnetism in electro magnets Bo
that the latter release the armature promptly and quickly and produce not only a
considerable saving in the battery materials but also a more perfect control of the
electro magnets used in the electrical apparatus.
The invention consists of a method of neutralizing the residual magnetism in
electro-magnets by the following steps.
Firstly. Sending a current in one direction through the coils of the electro-
magnet so as to attract the armature.
Secondly. Sending a current in the reverse direction through the coils of the
electro magnet, so as to neutralize the residual magnetism of the cores and cause
the dropping of the armature and the automatic breaking of the circuit when the
complete neutralization of the residual magnetism has taken place.
The accompanying drawing represents a diagram which illustrates the application
of this method of neutralization of the residual magnetism in electro-magnets to a
telegraph key and sounder.
In the drawing E represents an electro magnet, A the armature of the same,
Ka telegraph key or other circuit closing and breaking device, B a battery and
D a disconnector by means of which the current is automatically interrupted at the
Prine Rd1

page_text: proper moment. The key K is pivoted at one end and provided with a knife edged
contact piece b at the opposite end, that makes connection with a similar contact b¹,
arranged at right angles to the former. The key K is acted upon by a spring 8, so
as to be raised instantly when released. The oscillating circuit-closing and breaking
key K is provided at opposite sides with insulated projecting studs a a that act
upon springs de at opposite sides of the key K, said springs being arranged
respectively with knife edged contact pieces del which form alternately contact
with fixed knife edged contact pieces ² e³ according as the key K is depressed or
released and raised by the spring & The contact pieces de¹ are arranged at right
angles to the contact pieces d³ e³, so as to reduce the contact surface as much as
possible and prevent the wear of the contacts. The key K is further provided
with a knife edged contact piece f that forms connection with a knife edged
contact piece f¹ of a yoke ƒ³, said contact-pieces being also at right angles to each
other.
•
The armature A is pivoted in the usual manner and provided with a stop-screw
and spiral spring It is further provided with an extension-arm D¹, having a knife
edged contact-piece g, which in connection with the contact-piece g¹ of a supporting
piece D forms the disconnector D.
The positive pole of the battery is connected by a wire'l with the contact-point b',
while the contact point 6 of the key K is connected by the key K with a binding
post of the same, and then by wire 3 to one end of the coils of the electro
magnet E. The opposite end of the coils of the electro magnet is connected by
wire 4 to the contact-piece and the contact-piece d' of spring d, by wire 5 to a
binding-post f³ on the yoke f³ and by a wire 6 to the negative pole of the battery B
The contact-piece e¹ of the spring e is connected by wire 7 to the positive pole of
the battery while the contact piece e² is connected to by wire 8 to the armature A
and the contact piece g of the disconnector.
The contact piece g of the disconnector D is connected by wire 9 to that end of
the coils of the electro magnet to which the wire 4 is connected. By pressing down
the key K connection is formed by the contact points b b and d' d² whereby the
current flows as follows:-From the positive pole of the battery, wire 1, contact-
pieces bb¹, key K and wire 3 to the coil of the electro magnet, thence over wire 4,
contacts d² d', spring d, wire 5, binding post f³ and wire 6 to the negative pole of
the battery. The armature is thereby attracted and the connection between the
contacts g g of the disconnector D produced.
On releasing the key K, it is returned to its normal condition by the spring a
whereby the connection between the contacts bb, and dis broken and new
contacts made at the points ele² and ff, so that the current flows as follows:-
From the positive pole of the battery wire 7, spring e, contacts e¹ e², wire 8
armature A, contact-pieces g g', wire 9, through the coils of the electro-magnet,
wire 3, binding-post p, key K, contacts ff, and wire 6 to the negative pole of the
battery.
This causes the current to pass in a reverse direction through the coils of the
electro-magnet, so as to neutralize the residual magnetism in the cores of the same
and cause the instant dropping of the armature and the simultaneous breaking of
the circuit by the separation of the contacts g g¹ of the disconnector D. By the
oscillations of the key the current is sent first in one and then in the opposite
direction through the coils of the electro-magnet, one current serving to vitalize the
cores of the same, so as to attract the armature, while the reverse current serves to
neutralize the residual magnetism in the cores of the magnet and the instant
release of the armature, whereby the prompt and ready action of the magnet is
secured and the armature caused to respond to the key without fail.
The reverse current is automatically interrupted by the action of the disconnector
which breaks the said reversed current at the moment when the completo neutrali-
zation of the cores of the electro-magnet has taken place. The neutralization of the
residual magnetism by the reverse current, sent through the coils of the electro-
magnet, takes place so rapidly and instantly that the operation of the electrical

page_text: apparatus is not retarded thereby but on the contrary its effectiveness considerably
increased.
The method described has the advantage that the armature can be placed in
close contact with the cores of the magnet, (whereas heretofore the same had to be
adjusted at some distance from the same) and that electrical apparatus of all kinds
can be worked with weaker currents to produce the same effect as with stronger
batteries whereby a considerable saving in battery power and expenditure for the
same is obtained. I do not bind myself to the exact form of contact arrangements
shewn as the same is capable of variation.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention as communicated to me from abroad and in what manner the same is
to be performed I declare that what I claim is
1st The berein-described method of neutralizing the residual magnetism in
electro magnets, consisting firstly in sending a current in one direction through the
coils of the electro magnet, and secondly, sending a current in a reverse direction
through the coils of the electro magnet so as to neutralize the residual magnetism
of the cores and cause the dropping of the armature substantially as set forth.
2nd Effecting the neutralization of the residual magnetism in electro magnets by
the following steps:-firstly, sending a current in one direction through the coils of
the electro-maguet so as to attract the armature; secondly, sending a current in a
reverse direction through the coils of the electro magnet so as to neutralize the
residual magnetism in the cores of the same and cause the dropping of the armature,
and thirdly, automatically breaking the circuit as soon as the neutralization of the
residual magnetism has taken place substantially as set forth.
Dated: Novinhan 100x