matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN MECHANISM FOR FASTENING FRENCH OR FOLDING WINDOWS AT ANY DESIRED POINT WHEN PARTIALLY OPENED
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Bristow Hunt at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th May
1870. A communication from abroad by Edward Vansittart Neale,
of Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, BRISTOW HUNT, of No. 1, Serle Street, Lincoln's Inn, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MECHANISM FOR FASTENING FRENCH OR
FOLDING WINDOWS AT ANY DESIRED POINT WHEN PARTIALLY OPENED," (a com-
munication to me from abroad by Edward Vansittart Neale, of Paris, in
the Empire of France,) to be as follows:-
This Invention mainly consists in the application to French or folding
windows of a system or metallic pincers or clamps which, grasping the
handle of the ordinary "espagnolette," fasten the window when partially
opened at any desired point. The pincers or clamps, the form of which
may vary according to circumstances, are secured to one side of the
ordinary fixing bar on which the handle of the espagnolette rests when.
the window is closed, or are inserted in an opening formed for their
reception in the said bar which if necessary may be widened for this.

page_text: purpose. These clamps, the arms of which may either be crossed or bent
back on themselves, are operated by a screw placed beneath their centres,
with which they are connected by rods jointed to the arms, so as to be
opened or closed as the screw is moved up or down. In order to give
the pincers a firmer hold on the handle of the espagnolettes the latter
are provided with longitudinal strips of metal the edges of which are
either toothed to form a ratchet or sloped off from one end to the other,
the claws of the pincers being shaped to correspond with whichever of
these arrangements may be adopted. In order to admit of a wider
opening being given to the window than the ordinary length of the
espagnolette handle will allow, the latter may if desired be made of two
or more tubes sliding one within the other, and toothed externally
throughout their length to correspond with the clamps.
In the application of the Invention to windows unprovided with
espagnolettes, I fasten on one side of their central division a bar
carrying the clamp and screw above described, and on the other an
expanding bar with a double joint (like that of the ordinary espagnolette
handle) which may be concealed in the side of the frame. The bar
carrying the clamp may be in the same manner concealed in the
opposite side of the frame so that both become visible only when the
window is opened.
The form, dimensions, arrangement, and mode of application of the
mechanism above described may of course be varied according to
the position and construction of the windows to which it is to be
adapted.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF REAPING MACHINES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Read at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th July
1870.
I, THOMAS READ, of Malton, in the County of York; do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION
OF REAPING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention applies principally to reaping machines with a
continuous side delivery, and the improvements relate,―
Firstly. To an improved method of raising and lowering the delivery
platform.
Secondly. To the method of driving the pulleys over which the endless
delivery bands pass:
Thirdly. To the means of raising and lowering the knives.
And, fourthly. To an improved socket for supporting the rear end of
the dividing iron.
I construct the delivery platform of wood, having endless delivery
bands running transversely thereon, and I raise and lower it as required
by means of a ratchet lever and wheel. The driving pulleys over which
the endless delivery bands pass are mounted on a shaft driven by a pair

page_text: "
of bevil wheels and an endless chain passing round a stud wheel fixed
to the small land wheel. The carrier pulleys at the other side of the
platform are mounted each in a sliding bracket adjustable by means of
a set screw in order to tighten the bands whenever they become slack.
Instead of placing the small "land wheel" outside the "parting board"
as usual I place the same inside where it cannot run down the corn, and
I mount it on a stud having a squared part fitted in a slot in the
"parting board' so that the knife bar can be raised and lowered at
pleasure, and I pass a screw through the said squared part of the stud,
by turning which by means of a key the proper elevation can be given
and the stud then secured in its place by a lock nut. And, lastly,
instead of letting the rear end of the dividing iron merely work between
two wings, as ordinarily practised, I provide the same with a socket
working on the point of the dividing board, so that it can rise and fall as
required but cannot get out of its place, as hitherto frequently occurred
when passing over rough ground.
I also use a reel or sails for laying the crop towards the cutters, and
I drive the same by means of chains and stud wheels actuated by a pinion
gearing into the internal wheel. The height of this reel can be altered
at pleasure to suit irregular crops by means of a lever and quadrant
without the necessity for stopping the machine. The driving chain may
be tightened when required by means of a sliding bracket which carries
the stud upon which the chain wheels are mounted. The reel is so
arranged that it may be readily removed when it is desired to use a hand
rake instead thereof. Clutches are also provided for throwing the machine
out of gear when necessary.
A NEW OR IMPROVED TOP
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Clews and Frederick
Clews at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 1st December 1870.
We, JOHN CLEWS and FREDERICK CLEWS, of the Firm of Clews
Brothers, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention of "A NEW OR IMPROVED TOP," to be as
follows, that is to say :-
use.
""
Previous to this Invention two spinning instruments, one known as
the "
gyroscope and the other as the "chameleon top," have been in
The "gyroscope" consists of a wheel having a heavy rim carried
on centres within a circular ring, and within which it revolves. The
"chameleon top" consists of a wheel also having a somewhat heavy rim,
and whose upper side is provided with a disc divided into segments of
various colours, and above which a disc having a segment cut out of it
is situated. As the "chameleon top" is spinning the coloured segment
which is exposed to view through the open segment of the disc referred
to appears as continuous around the upper surface of the top, and by
altering the position of the said disc whilst the top is spinning, which is
effected by touching a projecting part at its centre with an instrument

page_text: provided for the purpose, a different coloured segment is exposed to view,
and thus the "chameleon" effects are produced whilst the top is
spinning.
"
The present Invention then consists in combining the "gyroscope'
and "chameleon top" together, so as to constitute one instrument, and
'whereby the "chameleon" effects are rendered self-acting. This is effected
by fitting the upper side of the "gyroscope" wheel with a "chameleon"
disc having segments of different colours, and with another disc above it
having a segment cut out, which as the top revolves exposes to view
different coloured segments as its position becomes changed. The self-
acting motion above referred to is produced by forming "horns” or
projections on the corners of the loose disc of the chameleon where the
segment is cut out; these horns" or projections when the top is
spinning come in contact with the brass ring of the gyroscope, pro-
ducing a novel effect, which has the appearance of giving a forward,
stationary, and retrograde motion to the colours on the disc successively.
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IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SIZE
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Christopher Crossley, Robert
Whipp, and Thomas Crossley at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 7th April 1870.
We, CHRISTOPHER CROSSLEY, and ROBERT WHIРР, both of Manchester,
in the County of Lancaster, Drysalters, and THOMAS CROSSLEY, of
Rochdale, in the same County, Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF SIZE," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in combining a preparation of muriate of zinc,
or sulphate of zinc, or any other preparation of zinc with the refuse
produced in the manufacture of wheaten and other starch, commonly
called "slimes." In performing our Invention we first heat the
preparation of zinc, and then add the "slimes," the whole being well
mixed together and forming a homogeneous mass. The composition
so prepared is added to and boiled with any farinaceous or other size
for sizing, dressing, stiffening, and conditioning cotton, and other fibrous
substances and fabrics.
AN IMPROVED MILLSTONE DRESS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Fairclough at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
April 1870. A communication from abroad by John Fairclough,
of St. Joseph, Missurio, in the State of Kansas, one of the United
States of America.
I, JOHN FAIRCLOUGH, of the Firm of James Fairclough and Sons,
of Warrington, in the County of Lancaster, Miller, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MILLSTONE DRESS,"
a communication to me from abroad by John Fairclough, of St. Joseph,
Missurio, in the State of Kansas, one of the United States of America,
to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to increase the grinding efficiency of
horizontal millstones. For this purpose the dress is so arranged that
cach furrow describes a tangential line at its inner end, and thence
curves slightly towards the periphery, where it terminates in a radial or
nearly radial line. Any desired number of the said furrows are formed
on the faces of the millstones. To augment the increased efficiency of

page_text: These
millstones so dressed short furrows or furrowlets are formed near the
skirt of the stone between the furrows first above described.
furrowlets may be straight or curved, or formed of a combination of
curved and straight lines similar to those first above set forth..
IMPROVEMENTS IN BUTTONS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Evans at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd August
1870. A communication from abroad by Joseph Hampson, of
Newburgh, Orange County, State of New York, United States.
I, THOMAS EVANS, of the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Mill and Machine Ironmonger, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BUTTONS," a communication
from abroad by Joseph Hampson, of Newburgh, Orange County, State
of New York, United States, to be as follows:-
The improvements consist in forming the button of two discs, one of
which has a pointed screwed stem upon it. The disc with the screwed
stem is first screwed through the cloth where the button is to be fixed,
then the other disc is screwed upon the end of the stem so that the
cloth comes between the two discs, and thus the button is readily and
firmly secured in the cloth.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOXES OR RECEP- TACLES FOR REELS TO REGULATE THE UNWINDING OF THE THREAD THEREFROM
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Charles at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st December
1870.
I, PETER CHARLES, of the Firm of Charles, Reynolds, and Company,
of Milk Street, in the City of London, Manufacturers, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOXES OR RECEP-
TACLES FOR REELS TO REGULATE THE UNWINDING OF THE THREAD THEREFROM," to
be as follows:-
According to my Invention I dispose or lay the reels of cotton or
thread each in a semicircular recess or bed between divisions placed in
the box or receptacle in which the reel is free to revolve when tension
is applied to the thread to unwind it from the reel. The reels are
arranged end to end in one or more rows in the box in which I fix a
small rod near to and parallel with each row of reels; this rod or wire
passes through the partitions by which the box is divided and which
serve to hold the wire rigidly in position. Upon these wires between
the divisions I place a small ring or eyelet (or it may be an ordinary
glass bead) one to each reel which is free to slide up and down a portion

page_text: of the rod or wire as the thread unwinds from the corresponding reel.
The thread is led from the reel through the bead or ring and through
an eyelet hole in the side of the box whence the cotton or thread is
drawn as required for use. By this arrangement the tension or strain
occasioned by drawing the thread out is first borne by the bead or ring
and the rod on which it runs so as to prevent the reel being jerked out
of place by a sudden pull or rotated quicker than the rate at which the
thread leaves the reel which would cause an entanglement of the thread.
The ends of thread from the several reels are pendent from the sides of
the box ready to the hand, the friction of the reel in turning in its bed
and of the thread in passing through the bead serving to check its
passage and limit the thread unwound to the quantity required for use,
and preventing any liability of the thread being accidentally drawn out.
The quality, size, or number of each thread may be indicated on the
box near its eyelet hole, so that the thread required may be readily
selected, and there is no necessity to open the box except to replace the
reels as they are exhausted.
The improved arrangement of my Invention may be applied or
constructed at the bottom of a lady's work box the threads passing out
through the sides of the box.
AN IMPROVED BIT
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Michael Henry at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd June
1870. A communication from abroad by Martin Camalez, of 17,
Boulevard Saint Martin, Paris, France.
I, MICHAEL HENRY, of Fleet Chambers, 68, Fleet Street, in the City
of London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "AN IMPROVED BIT," communicated to me from abroad by
Martin Camalez, of 17, Boulevard Saint Martin, Paris, France, to be as
follows:-
The Invention has for object an improved bit so constructed as to pull
up or stop a horse suddenly by its pressure against the palate or the roof
of the mouth.
In ordinary bits the mouth piece of the bit or bit mouth is a slightly
curved bar which exerts no action on the palate, whereas in this
improved bit the mouth piece of the bit or bit mouth has a rising or
projecting part towards the centre, and a curved or bent part which
when the bit is pulled by the rider presses so severely against the horse's
palate as to stop him at once.

page_text: In one arrangement for carrying the Invention into effect the mouth
piece of the bit is of a ___ shape, and a curved or arc-shaped bar or plate
is jointed to it to bear against the palate of the horse when the bit or
bridle is pulled. The curb chain is connected with the end of this curved
bar, and passes under the lower jaw of the horse. The reins are inserted
through rings or eyes placed at intervals in the bit sides or bars so as to
regulate the tension of the bit according to the restiveness of a horse.
When the bit is pulled the curved piece presses against the roof of the
horse's mouth, while his tongue and lower jaw are held between bit
and curb.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN WASHING, CHURNING, AND MIXING MACHINERY
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Ingham Taylor at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th May 1870.
I, JOHN INGHAM TAYLOR, of the City of Manchester, Mechanical
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for " IM-
PROVEMENTS IN WASHING, CHURNING, AND MIXING MACHINERY," to be as
follows:-
These improvements relate to washing and churning machinery and to
all classes of mixing machinery wherein a stirring action is required,
and consist in the combination and application to the purpose of two
or more spiral screws working either concentrically or parallel to one
another.
As applied to washing or mixing machinery a machine may be con-
structed according to this Invention with two or more spiral or quick
threaded screws, mounted in swivel nuts, swivelling in a cross bar fixed
across the top of the vessel or tub in which the washing operation is to
be performed. At the lower extremity of these screws cranks of any
convenient radius are affixed so as to revolve with such screws, and to the
crank pins is suspended the cage or other receptacle for containing the

page_text: articles to be washed, or the dolly or stirrers may be mounted or suspended
from such crank pins. The two or more spiral screws are caused to
move up and down and at the same time to revolve upon their axes by
being coupled together at their upper extremities by means of a cross
tree in which they are free to revolve, which cross tree is raised and
lowered either by a lever or by a connecting rod and eccentric or crank,
and thus by passing through the swivelling nuts an up and down and
revolving motion is communicated to the screws, whilst at the same time
the cage, dolly, or stirrers suspended from the crank pins is caused to
follow the motion of the cranks, and thus to perform the washing, stirring,
or mixing motion required.
A churn may be constructed according to this Invention with two
spiral screws of different diameters one working inside and concentrically
with the other. The inner spiral screw having dashers affixed at its
lower extremity and being capable of revolving upon its axis without
rising or falling or of revolving and rising or falling at the same time
by passing through a nut or female thread formed inside the outer screw.
This outer screw has also dashers affixed upon its lower extremity and is
preferred to have a revolving motion and at the same time an up-and-
down motion imparted to it which is effected by mounting such outer
screw in a collar which moves up and down in a hollow pillar, which
collar is provided with arms or trunnions branching from it which
project through long slots formed in the sides of the pillar and thus
prevent such collar from turning upon its axis and yet allow it to move
up and down with the outer screw. A lever may be connected to the
collar for giving it the necessary reciprocating motion for actuating the
screws, or a connecting rod and eccentric or crank may be applied for
the purpose.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TEMPLES' EMPLOYED IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Holding, James Eccles,
and William Birch Cooper at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 29th March 1870.
We, JOSEPH HOLDING and JAMES ECCLES, both of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, and WILLIAM BIRCH COOPER, of Bowden, in the
County of Chester, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TEMPLES' EMPLOYED IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as
follows:-
Our Invention relates to the temples employed in looms for weaving,
and is designed for the purpose of uniformly distending the woven fabric
across the selvages, and also retaining the same throughout its width as
it is woven "pick by pick;" and the improvements consist in mounting
in projecting brackets secured to the breast beam on either side of the
"reed," a roller or bar provided with projecting teeth, or may be fluted
or supplied with pins which may be fixed therein or otherwise formed
thereon. This roller is placed in a position immediately over and on the
cloth at the point of "closing up." In the rear or front of the roller
or rod a second roller is supported on adjustable bearings under the
cloth in a position that will allow it to run parallel with the first roller

page_text: above the cloth, this second adjustable roller is capable of being raised
and fixed above or below the parallel axes of the first roller, the position
of which is regulated according to the degree of hold or class of fabric
the temple is employed upon. This improved arrangement of temple
is independently fixed in its bearings without the ordinary trough, and
the teeth points or flutes upon the surfaces of the two or more rollers are
cut all the way, or, as we prefer, the first roller above the cloth is cut
two or three inches at the selvadge ends and the second roller under the
cloth is cut throughout the intermediate distance. The cloth as woven
may first
pass over a projecting ledge under the cloth before it is brought
under the action of the first roller, the said ledge raises the cloth so as to
maintain a better contact with the rollers.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR DECANTING LIQUIDS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Bentley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th January
1870.
I, THOMAS BENTLEY, of High Street, Margate, in the County of
Kent, Ironmonger, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR DECANTING LIQUIDS," to be as follows:-
In charging paraffine or other lamps with oil from the opacity of the
receiver it is very difficult to ascertain the precise time at which the
filling operation should be discontinued, and thus the oil occasionally
runs over the rim thereof down the lower portion of the lamp and on to
the table cover or floor. :
.
This Invention has for object the decanting of oil or other liquid
from a can or other vessel in such wise that when the receiver is
sufficiently filled the flow of the liquid is arrested and the can or other
vessel is withdrawn without any of the oil (or other liquid) dropping
from the nozzle or spout thereof, and it consists in forming the spout
of the oil can of two tubes, either of equal length, or (which I prefer)
the upper tube to be longer than the lower, but both meeting at the

page_text: end of the nozzle or spout of the can, or a tube may be placed in the
upper part of the neck (itself a tube) of the can, running a little into the
interior thereof. The oil in filling the receiver passes through the lower
tube and flows on until it rises to the end of the nozzle of the can; the
end or point of the upper tube is reached at the same moment, and the
further flow of the oil is stopped.
I have described the Invention as applicable to the decanting of oil
into a lamp, but it will be easily understood that it may be applied (with
certain modifications) to all vessels from which liquids are to be, decanted
into a receiver..
The apparatus may be made separate and screwed or otherwise fitted
on to or into the neck of the can, decanter, or other vessel, or it may
form, as in the oil can, part of the vessel itself.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Blount Wayne at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th November 1870.
I, JOSEPH BLOUNT WAYNE, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Tool Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS,” to be as follows :-
:-
My Invention relates to such kinds of breech-loading fire-arms as are
opened and closed by means of a block turning on the side of the shoe
or breech chamber, and consists of the arrangement or combination of
parts herein-after described for extracting or withdrawing the empty
cases of the exploded cartridges from the barrels of the said fire-arms.
The breech block is capable of a longitudinal or sliding motion upon its
joint pin a coiled spring pressing the said block towards the rear end of
the gun.
The knuckle of the block has an incline formed on its rear
end, and the rear snug to which the joint pin is fixed carries a projecting
piece which acting against the inclined end of the knuckle gives the
block an advance motion as it is shut down, and permits it to receive
by the spring described a retiring motion as the block is opened. On

page_text: '
the joint pin of the block, and near the front of the shoe is a cam
having only a rotatory motion, the said cam being provided with an
inclined or oblique slot, in which slot a pin or stud on the cartridge
extractor engages, the said extractor sliding on the joint pin of the block
and also in a groove in the breech end of the barrel. The said pin or
stud carries an antifriction roller. In order to give the required motion
to the cam by the raising and lowering of the breech block, there is
formed on the end of the said cam an incline terminating in a step or
shoulder. A pin on the front end of the knuckle of the block acting
against the said step or shoulder when the block is raised gives the
required rotatory motion to the said cam to cause it to withdraw the
extractor. As the said block however possesses as herein-before described
a sliding motion, the said pin by virtue of the said sliding motion passes
from the front of the step or shoulder when sufficient rotatory motion
has been given to the cam, and the further throwing back of the block
does not affect the cartridge extractor. After the introduction of a fresh
cartridge into the barrel, and on shutting down the block, the said pin of
the knuckle by the advance of the block comes in contact with the
incline on the end of the cam and gives it the necessary rotatory motion
to cause the advance of the cartridge extractor into the end of the barrel.
The block may be fixed down by a snap fastening.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND FUSION OF CAST IRON, AND IN THE APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Aristide Balthazard Bérard at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 15th June 1870.
I, ARISTIDE BALTHAZARD BÉRARD, Civil Engineer, Knight of the
Legion of Honour, of No. 51, Avenue Montaigne, Paris, in the Empire
of France, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND FUSION OF CAST IRON, AND IN THE
APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as follows, that is to say:-
The object of my Invention is,―
Firstly. To obtain highly carburetted cast iron by reducing iron ores
with solid fuel and gases, and, secondly, when melting cast iron to
increase, or at least not to lessen, by that operation the quantity of
carbon it contains.
The apparatus I employ for reducing the ore consists of a gas gene-
rator and of a reverberatory furnace provided with a half-high furnace on
its upper part.
The gas generator is somewhat similar to that described in the Speci-
fication of Letters Patent granted to me, and bearing date the Seventh

page_text: day of December 1868, No. 3715, except that I apply to it an apparatus
for regenerating and purifying the gas produced in the gas generator
properly so called. After passing through a reheating tubular apparatus
the gases are introduced into a hollow place of cylindrical or prismatical
form, containing coke mixed with powdered lime to promote the fusion
of the cinders, and burnt by means of a blast. I also introduce water
steam thereto. The gases pass through this coke and water steam, and
the tarry matters are decomposed. The combustible gases on leaving
this apparatus are utilized for the reduction of the ores or other heating
purposes.
The reducing apparatus consists of a reverberatory furnace provided
with a small vertical or inclined cupola furnace on its upper part. The
reverberatory furnace has a moveable sole plate, and serves as a crucible
for receiving the cast iron as soon as it is produced in the cupola. The
blast furnace is charged with ore, with fuel, and fluxes in the usual way.
The reducing gases from the gas generator pass and are burnt over the
crucible, then through the cupola containing ore. The reduction and
fusion are thus effected in a favorable manner.
This apparatus for reducing the ores may be employed for the second
fusion of the cast iron. For this purpose I charge it with lingots of
cast iron instead of ore, and the fusion of the cast iron is thus effected
by contact with the reducing gases, which instead of effecting the
decarburation, as in the fusion by the ordinary cupola, rather increase
the dose of carbon it contains.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SLASHER SIZING MACHINES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Bullough at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st June
1870. A communication from abroad by Daniel Hussey, of the
City of Lowell, Agent, and Frederick Allen Leigh, of Boston,
Mechanical Engineer, both of the State of Massachusetts, United
States of America.
I, JOHN BULLOUGH, of Accrington, in the County of Lancaster,
Machine Maker, of the Firm of Howard & Bullough, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SLASHER
SIZING MACHINES," a communication to me from abroad by Daniel Hussey,
of the City of Lowell, Agent, and Frederick Allen Leigh, of Boston,
Mechanical Engineer, both of the State of Massachusetts, United States
of America, to be as follows:-
In that class of sizing machine known as the "slasher" I apply
friction to each of the section beams in the creel by means of levers and
weights in conjunction with a strap or other elastic substance which
passes over the ends of the section beams. Each lever has a projection
at its outer extremity, which is operated upon by a boss with an inclined
plane, which is attached to the setting-on rod of the machine. The

page_text: amount of friction to be given to each section beam can be regulated by
the position of the weight on the lever, or by moving the hook which is
attached to the strap nearer to or further from the stud upon which the
lever works. By this arrangement any amount of friction can be applied
to the section beams, according to their distance from the size box and
the amount of elasticity in the yarn, so that a certain amount of friction
can be given if desired when the machine is working, and be increased
so as to stop the motion of the section beams entirely when it is desired
to stop the machine.
AN IMPROVED JOINT FOR WATER, GAS, AND STEAM PIPES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Bristow Hunt at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
June 1870. A communication from abroad by Henri Alexandre
Roche, of Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, BRISTOW HUNT, of No. 1, Serle Street, Lincoln's Inn, in the
County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED JOINT FOR WATER, GAS, AND STEAM
PIPES," (a communication to me from abroad by Henri Alexandre
Roche, of Paris, in the Empire of France,) to be as follows :—
The object of this Invention is to form an elastic joint for water, gas,
and steam pipes, which while preventing direct contact between the
ends of the latter allows a certain amount of flexion in all directions,
and counteracts the effects of dilatation or contraction of the metal
under change of temperature.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawing is a longitudinal section of
two lengths of pipe with the elastic packing; Figures 2, 3, are sections
of the hinged collar; Figure 4 is an end view of the pipe and its
collar. Figure 5 represents the complete joint.

page_text: As seen in Figure 1 the pipes are provided at each end with shoulders
a, b, forming the angles c, c, between the vertical line of the one and
the oblique line of the other. The caoutchouc disc or washer d covers
the edge 6 of each pipe, and is stopped by the projection a by which
it is maintained in position during the mounting of the joint. The 5
cast-iron collar is formed of two parts hinged together as
seen in
Figs. 2, 3, and is provided internally with two ribs f,f, which while
adding to its strength compress the elastic washer d into the angles c, c,
thus preventing leakage of the fluid. Under this pressure of the
collar and its ribs the dise takes the form shewn in Fig. 3. g is an iron 1
rivet connecting the two parts of the collar, Figs. 2, 3, the joint being
completed by the pin h, shewn in Figure 5. As a further precaution
against leakage the washer may if so required be made with raised
edges or flanges, which passing between the ribs f, f, of the collar
and the vertical sides of the shoulders a, a, prevent all possibility of 1
metallic contact, while increasing the pliability and hermaticity of the
joint.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREWING FERMENTED LIQUORS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Bailey at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
March 1870.
I, WILLIAM BAILEY, of the Firm of William Bailey and Son, of
Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford, Manufacturing Chemists,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN BREWING FERMENTED LIQUORS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the preparation, application, and use in
brewing of certain combination or mixtures, either in the solid state
or in the state of solution, of sulphurous acid or any suitable saline
compound thereof with a salt or salts of phosphoric acid. For this
purpose I prefer to take the combination or mixture known as sulphite
of phosphate of lime, or sulphite of phosphate of calcium, and to mix
the same with a neutral or acid sulphite of one of the alkalies, earths, or
alkaline earths, such, for instance, as the sulphite of sodium. The com-
pound or material thus produced, whether solid or in aqueous solution,
I apply to the beer by mixing it with the malt or some other of the
ingredients employed, either before "mashing" during some subsequent

page_text: stage of the process, or if deemed advisable after the fermentation has
ceased.
The use of the said Invention is attended with the following advan-
tages amongst others, viz., the production of a bright sound beverage,
which does not require "finings," and which has no tendency to acidify
or go sour; the increase of the nutritive qualities of the beer, and the
facility it affords for controlling the fermentation at every point.
Iм- PROVEMENTS IN VALVES APPLICABLE TO STEAM OR WATER PRESSURE
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Common Brown at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st June 1870.
I, THOMAS COMMON BROWN, of Ipswich, in the County of Suffolk,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN VALVES APPLICABLE TO STEAM OR WATER PRESSURE," to be as
follows:-
:-
This Invention relates to improvements in slide valves for hydraulic
machines or steam engines, according to which I am enabled to relieve
the back of the valve to any desired extent of the pressure of the water
or steam without any attachments either to the valve or to the casing,
or the employment of any moveable or adjustable parts.
In applying my improvements to steam engines I make the exhaust
port on the cylinder somewhat wider than usual, and across the centre I
cast a bar, to which I fix a T shaped piece; I form the slide valve by
preference in one solid piece, so that the interior of the back shall rest
on the top of the above-mentioned T piece, while the face of the valve
bears on the port face of the cylinder as usual; I make an opening in
the centre of the back of the valve in any desired proportion with the

page_text: area of the surface pressing on the port face, and make the margin of
the opening to fit steam-tight upon the face of the T piece. The steam
pressure will thus be removed from the centre of the valve in every part
of its motion.
The above principle of construction, but slightly modified in accordance
with circumstances, I apply in hydraulic machines for relieving a slide
valve to any desired extent of the pressure on the back.
Iм- PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TRIMMINGS OR EDGINGS, AND IN APPARATUS IN CONNECTION THEREWITH
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hesketh Hughes at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
February 1870.
I, HESKLTH HUGHES, of Homerton, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TRIMMINGS OR EDGINGS, AND IN APPARATUS
IN CONNECTION THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to form a series of embossed, raised, and
sunken surfaces in the body of a fabric and to sew the raw edges together
so that when applied as a trimming or an edging on any article of dress
the raw edges are sewn undermost, and thus a surface is exposed to wear
which will not unravel or fray out. I take a strip or piece of silk, satin,
or other fabric (preferably cut on the cross) and I pass it between rollers
cut or prepared with the intended design or pattern, the rollers or the
fabric being previously heated and in some cases damped to ensure the
fabric taking the design. The raw edges are not acted upon by the
rollers but are left to be turned under the fabric and then sown together;
this sewing developes the design by spreading out the raised and cunken
parts so that the edges are entirely bidden from view when the trimming

page_text: or edging is sewn upon the dress or other garment which it is intended
to ornament. In some cases I sew the raw edges of two or more of the
same pattern trimmings or edgings or of mixed patterns together, and
these when spread out present nearly a round edging with a series of
ribs in which the raised and sunken parts are made. When I act upon
a large piece or a length of fabric I sew the parts together directly at
the bottom of the outside ribs, and I leave the other parts of the fabric
plain; or I can produce an undulating surface on the plain part at the
side of the outside ribs to give an ornamental appearance at that part.
The edges of the trimming which are exposed to wear have the appear-
ance of having been pinked, and one of the advantages is that the
trimmings will wear much longer than those made at the present time,
as the wearing edges of mine are of the body of the material instead of
the edges of it.
My improvements in apparatus consist in the combination of an
endless chain and a roll working in close connection to operate upon the
fabric passing between them. The roll is cut or formed with indentations
of the desired pattern or design. The links hold plates between them,
the plates being formed with projections and tail pieces; the projections
are lifted up into the indentations of the roll by the tails riding upon a
fixed plate or bar. The plates are kept in the spaces for nearly one-half
of the circumference of the roll, so that the heat which is communicated
to them may fix the pattern firmly upon the fabric,
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th May 1870.-A communication from abroad by Benoit Louchart,
of 39, Faubourg St. Martin, Paris, France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son,
of No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES," a communication to me from abroad
by Benoit Louchart, of 39, Faubourg St. Martin, Paris, France, to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in an improved distribution of the steam, and
will be best understood by reference to the annexed Sheet of Drawing.
The steam enters the cylinder by the two openings c, d, alternately
opened or closed by the two slide valves C, D. The discharge of the
cylinder takes place automatically by the piston itself, which on arriving
at the end of its strike at E closes this opening, while on the contrary
the other F is opened to permit the escape of the steam when it has
exerted its maximum power. The distribution of the steam is effected

page_text: by means of the cam G arranged for variable expansion. This engine
works with great regularity, whether the ordinary governor be employed
or not. The governor is in connection with the rod of the cam, so
that in its different movements it lengthens or shortens the journey of
the slide valves, and thereby regulates the supply of steam to the
cylinder.
IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO PICKS AND OTHER TOOLS OR IMPLEMENTS ATTACHED TO HANDLES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Davy at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition%; on the 23rd
February 1870.
I, CHARLES DAVY, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
APPLICABLE TO PICKS AND OTHER TOOLS OR IMPLEMENTS ATTACHED TO HANDLES,"
to be as follows.:—
My Invention consists in securing the blades or tools of picks,
hammers, axes, adzes, and other similar instruments to their handles in
such manner that they may be readily detached for repair or other
purpose and replaced or others substituted therefor.
In carrying out my Invention I provide the handle with a hollow cast
iron or other head or socket firmly secured thereto, and slotted trans-
versely for the reception of the blade or tool of the instrument. I secure
the blade or tool in the head or socket by means of a cam of the form of
involute curve. An ordinary excentric cam might also be used for
the purpose, but I prefer the involute form, as it admits of considerable
wear, and the leverage remains constant or nearly so during the whole
an

page_text: of its revolution. This cam I mount to revolve in the head or socket
above mentioned, through the sides of which the ends of the cam spindle
project, said ends being squared in order to permit of the cam being
rotated in one direction or the other by means of a suitable key or
spanner for the purpose either of securing the tool or blade to the
handle, or of permitting its removal therefrom. If necessary the blade
or tool may also be provided with one or more projections formed
thereon on the opposite side to that against which the cam bears, said
projection or projections being received in a corresponding recess or
recesses in the head, or the position of the projections and recess may be
_reversed. When_securing_tools to handles by means of a wedge, as
sometimes practised, I propose to draw up and secure the wedge in
position by means of a screw passing through a slot in the side of the
head or socket, and working in a lug formed on the back of the wedge.
In this manner the wedge can be tightened as desired, or loosened
sufficiently to permit of the removal of the tool or blade from the head
or socket.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PIPE JOINTS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Strain at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th January
1870.
I, JOHN STRAIN, of Neilston, in the County of Renfrew, North Britain,
Oivil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PIPE JOINTS," to be as follows, that is to say:—
This Invention has for its object the making of pipe joints in a more
convenient, simple, and efficient manner than heretofore, and it is appli-
cable to cast-iron, earthenware, or other pipes made with spigots and
faucets.
The Invention consists in making one or more grooves in the external
joint surface of the spigot, in making one or more corresponding grooves
in the internal joint surface of the faucet, and in filling the annular
space or spaces formed by the grooves with lead or cement introduced or
poured in through an opening formed for the purpose through the faucet
or otherwise. When the joint is to be permanent and not likely to
require separating Portland or other convenient calcareous cement may
be used; but asphalt or other bituminous cement sufficiently liquefiable

page_text: by heat may be employed if preferred, in which case the joints may at
any time be easily separated on applying heat externally. The groove
on the spigot is formed in an enlarged part at the end thereof, and the
faucet may be made long enough to overlap beyond the enlarged part
of the spigot so as to form a cavity into which packing may be rammed t
if required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COMBINED WINNOWING, SCREENING, AND BLOWING MACHINES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Baker at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd November
1870.
I, JOHN BAKER, of the Falcon Works, Wisbech, in the County of
Cambridge, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COMBINED WINNOWING, SCREENING, AND BLOWING
MACHINES," to be as follows:-
'
-
This Invention relates to a simple arrangement of the gearing employed
in combined winnowing, screening, and blowing machines for trans-
mitting motion from the fan shaft to the riddles and screens, the object
being to afford facility for using the machine either as a winnowing
machine or as a blower only. This is accomplished by causing one or
other or both of the bevel gears, which transmit the motion from the fan
shaft to the riddles and screens, to slide longitudinally on their respective
shafts, and to be fixed thereon by means of a set screw either when in or
out of gear with each other. Or when the bevel gear on the fan shaft is
situate outside the framing, then it may be made to take off entirely,
leaving the fan in either case free to work alone.
IMPROVED MODE AND MEANS FOR PREVENTING DAMPNESS AND SALTPETRE
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Dupland at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
February 1870.
I, HENRY DUPLAND, of No. 37, Boulevard Bonne Nouvelle, Paris, in
the Empire of France, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVED MODE AND MEANS FOR PREVENTING DAMPNESS AND SALTPETRE,"
to be as follows:-
I propose to preserve walls from becoming saltpetred by damp and
to protect other surfaces from the effects of dampness by means of
several coatings prepared and applied in the following manner :—
First Coating.—I take linseed oil, and to every 200 lbs. I add 20 lbs.
of litharge in powder, 10 lbs. of minium or red lead, 6 lbs. of umber in
calcined stone, 6 lbs. of alum in powder, and 10 lbs. of tin in ingot,
30 per cent. of turpentine, to be added at the moment of using the
composition. I boil the whole during four hours over a slow fire, during
the last hour it is however requisite that the fire be brisk enough to fuse
the tin..

page_text: Second Coating.-I add to the above preparation 3 per cent. of
beeswax and 3 per cent. of caoutchouc, then boil the whole for an hour
over a slow fire.
Third Coating. I take (according to the quantity required of a
suitable consistency to be applied with a brush) red lead in powder
and calcined ceruse or white lead ground with oil and turpentine in
equal quantity, and 5 per cent. of litharge in an impalpable powder.
I then dilute these ingredients with the same composition as used for
the second coating, and apply it over the second coating, but at an
interval of 24 hours.
Fourth-Coating.-I-prepare-a-composition_as_for_the_first_coating,_|
and when the 4 hours' heating have expired I at the expiration of an
hour draw it off clear; I then dissolve 40 per cent. of hard gum copal,
and when in fusion throw the first composition into it while still warm
and clear; I then add 40 per cent. of warm turpentine, stir the whole
well together, add 10 per cent. of ceruse or white lead calcined and
ground with turpentine, and then apply the preparation cold with a
brush over coating Number Three.