Motor Car.
Year: 1898

page_text: Motor Car.
I, CHARLES M. JOHNSON, 22 & 23, Laurence Pountney Lane, London, E.C.
England, Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to
be as follows:-
:-
My invention pertains to the operation of a motor car in which I may use a
combination of an explosive engine, dynamo motor and accumulator to operate
the car.
I provide the electric motor with a double commutator so that I may be
able to use the electric current stored in the accumulator, if necessary, on one
commutator, and the dynamo current direct on the other commutator, when I
want extra power over and above what the cells give. Otherwise I should operate
the double commutator from the cells, or from the dynamo, from either or both
of them, as and when required.
1
My invention further consists of expanding or contracting pulleys or wheels
used for belting or the like, so arranged or constructed as to expand separately
or jointly, to increase or decrease the speed or to take up the slack of the belt,
chain or the like.
The expanding pulleys may conveniently be made in sectors; each sector of
the pulley being capable of radial motion between limits, radial motion outwards
causing an increase in the effective diameter and inward motion a decrease.
The driving pulley may be caused to expand and the driven to contract simul-
taneously and vice versa, or either may be operated singly.
Besides operating to vary the velocity ratio of the axles carrying them, the
said pulleys may serve conveniently to take up slack of the belt, chain or the like.
Dated this 21st day of February 1898.
CHARLES M. JOHNSON.
1, CHARLES M. JOHNSON, of 22 and 23, Laurence Pountney Lane, London, E.C.,
Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:―
My invention pertains to the operation of a motor car in which I may use a
combination of an explosive engine, dynamo motor and accumulator to operate
the car. I provide the electric motor with a double commutator so that
able to use the electric current stored in the accumulator, if necessary, on one
commutator, and the dynamo current direct on the other commutator, when I
may be

page_text: want extra power over and above what the cells give. Otherwise I should operate
the double commutator from the cells, or from the dynamo, from either or both
of them, as and when required.
My invention further consists of expanding or contracting pulleys or wheels
used for belting or the like, so arranged or constructed as to expand separately
or jointly, to increase or decrease the speed or to take up the slack of the belt,
chain or the like.
The expanding pulleys may conveniently be made in sectors; each sector of
the pulley being capable of radial motion between limits, radial motion outwards
causing an increase in the effective diameter and inward motion a decrease.
The driving pulley may be caused to expand and the driven to contract simul-
taneously and vice versa, or either may be operated singly.
Besides operating to vary the velocity ratio of the axles carrying them, the
said pulleys may serve conveniently to take up slack of the belt, chain or the like.
One arrangement and one construction of pulley according to this invention
are set forth in the accompanying drawings of which;
Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic elevation of the working parts of a motor car.
Fig. 2 is a section on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a diagram of the electrical connections.
Fig. 4 is a central section of an expanding pulley.
Fig. 5 shows an arrangement of two pulleys to form a variable speed gear and
Fig. 6 is a view of the parts shown in Fig. 5 looking in the direction of the
arrow 6 and partly in section on the line 6-6 of Fig. 5.
As shown in Fig. 1, the motor car is formed of two parts A and B, the por-
tion A, carrying the machinery which effects the propulsion of the car, the
portion B being intended to carry, say, passengers. The two portions A. and B
are connected together pivotally at B¹ so as to allow for turning. The portion A
carries an oil or other engine C, a dynamo D, a motor E, and a battery of accumu-
lators F.
The engine C is preferably a twin engine and provided with two fly wheels C¹
driving the dynamo D by means of belts C³ running on pulleys D¹ one on each
end of the dynamo shaft. The engine and dynamo are conveniently situated as
shown at the forward part of the car body A the motor E being situated at the
rear of the said body and connected through an equational gear G, belt G2 and
intermediate pulleys to the driving wheels A'. The motor is provided with two
commutators E1 E2, each of which communicates with a separate set of windings
on the armature.
For the sake of clearness, the brushes and brush gear are omitted in the
drawings both from the dynamo and from the motor any well known arrangement
being adopted for this.
When the car is running under normal or light conditions of load, the dynamo
will be operating partly to charge the accumulator and partly to drive the
motor E through one of the commutators say E¹, and the engine may then be
working at or nearly at its full power. When however a steep hill has to be sur-
mounted, or a higher power is for any reason desirable, the accumulators are
disconnected from the dynamo and switched on to the other commutator E2 of
the motor which therefore is supplied with approximately double the former
power. The electrical connections by which this is effected are shown diagram-
matically in Fig. 3 in which the dynamo commutator is represented at 12 and
the two motor commutators at E E respectively, the accumulator being indicated
at F. Two-way switches S1 S2 are provided, which, when in the position shown
in full lines, put the accumulator in connection with the dynamo for the purpose
of charging, the dynamo being in connection with the commutator E¹ of the
motor. When the switches are moved into the positions indicated in dotted lines,
the accumulator will be disconnected from the dynamo and put in connection
with the second commutator E3 of the motor which it will therefore supply with
power.

page_text: Adjusting resistances may be provided as is usual, to regulate the dynamo and
the motor and, if desired, also to regulate the accumulator, or if preferred the
latter may be regulated by a multiple contact switch of the kind commonly
employed for that purpose..
With reference now to Figs. 4, 5 and 6 an expanding pulley is shown in Fig. 4
mounted on a shaft H. The pulley is composed of two disc-like side members J
which are secured to the shaft by means of arms J¹ and the bosses J2 being keyed
to the shaft. These two flanges embrace a number of sector-like members K, in
the example illustrated these members are four in number. The flanges are
provided with projections J³ which engage in slots in the sectors K and serve to
drive the sectors and to confine motion to one radially inwards or outwards. The
slots preferably terminate at a point a short distance from the outer circum-
ference of the sectors. Radial motion outwards is imparted to the sectors by
means of a conical wedge L, the wedge having arms or projections L' which
pass out between the arms L supporting one of the flanges J and which are secured
to a sleeve M which is free to travel upon the shaft H. A convenient method of
connecting the arms L¹ to the sleeve is by screwing the sleeve to the arms as
at L2 and locking it in position by means of a set screw L which prevents relative
rotation of the sleeve M and arms L. The sleeve may be provided with a
groove M with which the prongs of a fork may engage so as to impart to it the
desired axial motion along the shaft without impeding its rotation.
The cone L may obviously be replaced by a mutilated cone or a frustum of a
cone or the cone may be variously shaped to produce any desired relation between
the axial travel of the wedge and the diametrical change of the pulley.
The variable speed gear illustrated in Figs. 5 and 6 is composed of two pulleys
of the kind described with reference to Fig. 4, one being mounted on a shaft
and the other on a shaft H between which two shafts a variable velocity ratio is
desired. Cranks N1 N2 mounted on fixed centres ( engage respectively by means
of pins N with the grooves M of the sliding sleeves on the shafts Hand H.
The other arms of the two cranks are united by means of a link N, the link being
operated by means of a pinion P engaging with a rack P¹ upon the link.
A rope is shown at Q, the rope making rather more than one entire revolution
on each pulley, and these serving to retain the sectors in contact with their respec-
tive wedges L against radially outward motion.
The operation is as follows:-
The pulleys are shown in Figs. 5 and 6 at one extreme of their range of motion,
namely that at which the shaft H2 would be driven from the shaft H' at the
slowest obtainable speed assuming the speed of the shaft H¹ to be constant. If
the pulley P be now rotated in a clock-wise direction as viewed in Fig. 5, the
cranks Ni N2 will rotate about their respective centres O so as to move the wedge
outwards from the pulley on the shaft H2 and thrust it inwards from the pulley
on the shaft H' thus decreasing the effective diameter of the former but increasing
that of the latter. By this means the velocity ratio of the two shafts will be
varied, the velocity of the shaft H2 increasing relatively to that of the shaft H'.
The above device is described as showing a simple manner of varying the dia-
meters of the pulleys, but if desired the cone may be moved by a worm or cam
mechanism and in the case of the employment of a worm, the worm may be
arranged so as to take up a large portion of the working friction encountered by
the cone L when acting to increase the diameter of the pulley.
Where desired the ratio of simultaneous contraction and expansion of the two
pulleys may be unequal, suitable mechanism for this purpose being employed.
In order to provide for the stretching of the belt or rope, it is preferred to make
one of the cones or the link or other connecting part, adjustable. One such con-
struction is shown in Fig. 5 where the link is formed in two parts which are
connected together by a bolt and nut N, working in the slots No in the two parts.
The action of this device is to allow the effective length of the link N to be

page_text: varied and thus permit the diameter of one pulley to be varied independently of
the other for the purpose of tightening or slackening the belt.
A single pulley constructed according to this invention may conveniently be
employed in combination with a pulley of invariable diameter and so serve by
its expansion and contraction to tighten or slacken the belt and when provided
with suitable mechanism to contract to such an extent as to permit the belt to
slip partly or entirely on one or both pulleys and thus to reduce the speed of the
motor-car or to stop it.
This invention is not limited to the precise arrangement herein before described
and illustrated in the accompanying drawings but the details of the said arrange-
ment may obviously be considerably varied without departing from the spirit of
this invention which has clearly been set forth to be chiefly the provision for
generating a high power on emergency with the employment of apparatus work-
ing normally at and designed for a lower power. For instance if preferred, the
motor may be of any well known construction, that is, provided with only one
armature winding and one commutator instead of two as hereinbefore described
and the accumulator and dynamo may be arranged in such a case to operate con-
jointly upon one and the same commutator and armature winding of the motor.
A modification may obviously be made in the form of the members K without
departing from the spirit of the invention, other radially adjustable circumferential
members being employed in the place of these sectors, although owing to the
formation of their external periphery, the employment of sectors is preferred.
The radius of curvature of the external periphery of these members may be that
of the maximum effective radius of the pulley or of the minimum effective radius
as shown in the drawings or any other desired curvature may be given.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1. In a motor car the combination substantially as described of an explosion
engine, an electric generator an electric accumulator and an electric motor to
form the propelling apparatus.
2. In a motor car the combination with an explosion engine of an electric
generator an accumulator and a motor so arranged that the engine may be
operated at a uniform load with varying loads on the motor.
3. In a motor car the combination with an electric generator and an accumu-
lator of a motor having two independent armature windings connected to two
commutators substantially as and for the purpose described.
4. In a motor car an expanding pulley having sector-like members which can
be moved radially outwards or inwards to vary the effective diameter of the pulley
substantially as described.
5. In a motor car an expanding pulley having guide plates J radially adjust-
able circumferential members K and a conical wedge all arranged and operating
substantially as described.
6. In a motor car the combination of two expanding pulleys of the kind
described and mechanism so that one may expand and the other simultaneously
contract to form a variable speed gear.
7. In a motor car the employment of a pulley of the kind described to tighten
or slacken the belt.
8. In a motor car having a variable speed gear of the kind described the em-
ployment of adjustable cones links or connecting parts for the purpose of tighten-
ing the belt.
9. In a motor car having a variable speed gear of the kind described the em-
ployment of an adjustable link such as N formed in two parts slotted as at No
for the purpose of tightening the belt.
10. The expanding pulley substantially as described and illustrated in Figure 4
of the accompanying drawings.

page_text: 11. The combination and arrangement of parts constituting a variable speed
gear substantially as described or illustrated in Figures 5 and 6 of the accom-
panying drawings.
30
2 37
1000