IM- PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MAKING BUTT HINGES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Spence at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
January 1861.
I. WILLIAM SPENCE, of 50, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MAKING BUTT HINGES," (being a communication
me from abroad by William Henry Van Gieson, of Paterson, in the
County of Passaic and State of New Jersey, United States) to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in the several combinations and arrangements of the
parts of mechanisın herein-after stated.
First, the combination of parts by which when the folder or swedge which
commences the operation of turning the joint is brought down upon the blank
from which a part of the hinge is formed, a part of the bed on which the said
blank is supported is allowed to yield, in order to accommodate itself to the
[Price 8d.]

page_text: action of the folder, while the extreme edge which is to be bent up in the
formation of the joint is firmly supported.
Secondly, the combination of a fixed stop to support the edge of the blank
from which the hinge is to be formed, with a reciprocating die and a sliding
support under the blank for completing the turning of the joint.
Thirdly, the combination of parts by which the perfecting of the joint is
effected by the operation of files, the edge of the binge farthest from the joint
being supported by an overhanging stop, by which it is not only held up against
the files, but also prevented from being moved out of its required position by
their operation.
Fourthly, the combination of vibrating supports, set screws, and springs, for
the purpose of adjusting the required angular position of the hinge in relation
to-the-files while the former is being operated upon by the latter. -
Fifthly, the combination with the apparatus for turning and finishing the
joint of the hinge of fingers or slides which move the blank forward to the
required position.
Sixthly, the connection of the fingers which move the blanks forward into
their required positions with the lever of the clutch, by which the main shaft
is connected to the driving pulley in such a manner that an undue strain on
the fingers will cause the shaft to be disconnected from the pulley and the
machine to be stopped.
Seventhly. the combination of guides and slides for guiding the hinges and
delivering them from the apparatus in which the joint is turned and finished
to the slides, by which they are brought into the position required for driving
the wires to connect the parts of the hinge.
Eighthly, the combination of the slides by which the parts of the hinge are
brought into the position required for driving the wire, to connect them with
the driving parts in such a manner as to be capable of bringing the hinges
into such position and to support them during the operation.
Ninthly, the combination with the said slides of a guide placed above them
and so constructed as to hold the hinge down upon the slide during the
operation of driving the wire.
Tenthly, the combination with the apparatus for driving the wire of supports
separated by springs which may become collapsed as the driving apparatus
advances, in order to allow the supports to approach each other, and which
springs. when relieved from the pressure thus applied to them, will expand and
distribute the supports so as to be capable of supporting the wire at regular
intervals, or nearly so, thereby preventing the wire from bending in the opera-
tion of driving.

page_text: Eleventhly, the combination with the apparatus for supporting the hinge
and driving the wire of a stop against which the hinge abuts during the opera-
tion of driving the wire, such stops being supported by springs, and connected
to the driving clutch in such a manner that an undue pressure against the
stop will cause the clutch to be released and the machine stopped, thereby
preventing damage resulting from an undue resistance of the wire to the
operation of driving.
And. lastly, the combination and application to machines for making hinges
of pliers or cutting nippers, and a chisel for cutting off and pointing the wire
after the proper length has been driven into the hinge.
SPECIFICATION In pursuance of the co
by the said William Spence in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 15th
July 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I. WILLIAM
SPENCE. of 50, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one. in the twenty-fourth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said William Spence, Her special license that I, the said William Spence, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William
Spence, my executors. administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR
MAKING BUTT HINGES," being a communication from abroad by William Henry
Van Gieson, of Paterson, in the County of Passaic and State of New Jersey,
United States, upon the condition (amongst others. that I, the said William
Spence, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particu-
larly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Spence, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):
This Invention of "Improvements in Machinery for Making Butt Hinges
consists in the several combinations and arrangements of the parts of mechanism
herein-after stated and described.
"
First, the combination of parts by which when the folder or swedge which
commences the operation of turning the joint is brought down upon the blank
from which a part of the hinge is formed, a part of the bed on which the
said blank is supported is allowed to yield, in order to accommodate itself to
the action of the folder, while the extreme edge which is to be bent_up_in
the formation of the joint is firmly supported.
Secondly, the combination of a fixed stop to support the edge of the blank
from which the hinge is to be formed, with a reciprocating die and a sliding
support under the blank for completing the turning of the joint.
Thirdly, the combination of parts by which the perfecting of the joint is
effected by the operation of files, the edge of the hinge farthest from the joint
being supported by an overhanging stop, by which it is not only held up against
the files, but also prevented from being moved out of its required position by
their operation.
Fourthly, the combination of vibrating supports,-set screws, and springs, for
the purpose of adjusting the required angular position of the hinge in relation
to the files, while the former is being operated upon by the latter.
Fifthly, the combination of fingers or slides which move the blank forward
to the required position, with apparatus for turning and finishing the joint of
the hinge.
Sixthly, the connection of the fingers which move the blanks forward into
their required positions with the lever of the clutch, by which the main shaft is
connected to the driving pulley, in such a manner that an undue strain on the
fingers will cause the shaft to be disconnected from the pulley and the machine
to be stopped.
Seventhly, the combination of guides and slides for guiding the hinges and
delivering them from the apparatus, in which the joint is turned and finished
to the slides, by which they are brought into the position required for driving
the wires to connect the parts of the hinge.
Eighthly, the combination of the slides by which the parts of the hinge are
brought into the position required for driving the wire to connect them with

page_text: the driving parts, in such a manner as to be capable of bringing the hinges
into such position and to support them during the operation.
Ninthly, the combination with the said slides of a guide placed above them,
and so constructed as to hold the hinge down upon the slide during the
operation of driving the wire.
Tenthly, the combination with the apparatus for driving the wire of sup-
ports separated by springs which may become collapsed as the driving appa-
ratus advances, in order to allow the supports to approach each other, and
which springs, when relieved from the pressure thus applied to them, will
expand and distribute the supports, so as to be capable of supporting the wire
at regular intervals, or nearly so, thereby preventing the wire from bending in
the operation of driving.
Eleventhly, the combination with the apparatus for supporting the hinge
and driving the wire of a stop against which the hinge abuts during the opera-
tion of driving the wire, such stop being supported by springs and connected
to the driving clutch in such a manner than an undue pressure against the stop
will cause the clutch to be released and the machine stopped, thereby pre-
venting damage resulting from an undue resistance from the wire to the
operation of driving.
And, lastly, the combination and application to machines for making hinges
of pliers or cutting nippers, and a chisel for cutting off and pointing the wire
after the proper length has been driven into the hinge.
Having thus stated the nature of the said Invention, I will proceed to
describe more particularly in what manner the same is to be performed by the
aid of the accompanying Drawings, in which are represented the several parts
of the mechanism above referred to.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure is a side elevation of the machine, exhibiting the side which is
from the operator; Figure 2 is an end elevation, representing the end of the
machine, which is at the right hand in Figure 1; Figure 3 is a plan of the
machine, the side towards the operator being represented towards the top of
the Sheet: Figure 4 is an edge elevation of the apparatus for cutting off the
wires, which form the joint or axis after being driven into the hinge; Figure 5
is a side elevation of the same, corresponding with an end elevation of the
machine, shown from the side opposite that represented in Figure 2; Figure 6
is a detail view of the boxes or plates, used to clamp the wire which forms the
axis of the hinge, for the purpose of driving it forward. This Figure (6)
shows the end of these plates. Figure 7 is a detailed sectional elevation

page_text: parallel to the longitudinal or side elevation of the machine, showing more
fully the arrangement for clamping the wire for the purpose above stated.
Figure 8 is a detail elevation of one of the springs, which separate the guides
through which the wire which forms the axis of the hinge passes, and by which
it is supported between the driving apparatus and the hinge. Figure 9 is an
end elevation of one of the guides which support the wire between the driving
apparatus and the hinge, when the said wire is being driven into the hinge.
Figure 10 is an end elevation of a guide for keeping the hinge down to its
place, when brought into position for driving the wire. Figure is a plan or
horizontal view of the slides, which bring the parts of the hinge into position
for driving the wire which forms the axis of the joint, and also represents a
stop, against which the parts of the hinge are pressed by the wire while it is
being driven in to unite the parts of the hinge. Figure 12 is a plan or hori-
zontal view of the under side of the machine. Figure 13 is a detail sectional
elevation of some parts of the machine, which are used for the completion of
the operation of turning the joint of the hinge. Figure 14 is a plan repre-
senting in detail the horizontal slide upon which the hinge is supported during
this stage of its construction. Figure 15 is a detail sectional elevation, showing
parts of the machine which are used for the purpose of commencing the for-
mation of the joint of the hinge. Figure 16 is a detail sectional plan, showing
the cam for working the slides, which carry the fingers for feeding into place
the blanks, out of which form the hinge is formed, and also the connections to
the slides and to the other parts of the machine, by which the driving pulley
is disengaged on any undue pressure or strain being brought upon the fingers
which feed the work forward. Figure 17 is a detail sectional elevation,
showing those parts of the machine which perform the operation of filing or
cleaning out the joint of the hinge, so as to make the parts fit together with
facility. Figure 18 is a detail plan, showing the support for the hinge during
the operation of filing the joint. 1 is the bed or frame of the machine; 2 is
the main shaft, upon which the fly-wheel or pulley 3 is secured. The shaft
2 is supported upon two uprights towards the right-hand end of the machine,
and a post or upright set at the extreme left-hand end; 4 is an excentric on
the main shaft 2, by means of which and the connecting rod 5 motion is com-
municated to the slide 6, which supports and carries the parts by which the
hinge is formed. It may be proper to remark in this place that the metal
from which the hinges are formed is first cut into the required shape by means
of dies, and afterwards placed in the hoppers or reservoirs 7, from which the
pieces of metal so shaped are fed to the working parts by fingers 8, 9, and 10,
fixed to the slides 11, in order to be formed into complete hinges. These slides 11

page_text: have arms 12 and 13, which are screwed to them by means of bolts 14, which
clamp them so firmly together as to prevent rotation from their junction with
each other, except when subjected to more than the ordinary working strain.
These arms 12 and 13 are also united in the middle in a similar manner by
the bolt 15, which terminates at the top in a round head. which is operated
upon by the cam 16, in order to give motion to the slides 11. For this
purpose the cam 16 is keyed to the shaft 17, which is connected to the shaft 2
by mitre gearing 18, 18. The shaft 17 is supported by brackets 19, and sets
in motion parts below the bed, which are herein-after described. The
fingers 8, 8, fixed to the slides 11 are formed with a broad end which under-
lies the blanks from which the hinges are made, placed in the receiving box or
hopper 7, and so constructed that at each vibration towards the right hand, as
represented in Figures and 3, they will remove a blank piece of metal from
the hopper, and slide it into the proper position upon the supports 20 to be
acted upon by the folders 21, which perform the first part of the operation of
turning the joint. This supporting plate 20 (see Fig. 15) is hinged to the
plate 22, which is fixed to a raised and removable portion of the bed 1, the
latter being recessed to allow the plate 20 10 descend, so that the slide or
folder 21 may press the hinge down and commence the formation of the joint.
The piece of metal of which the hinge is being formed is farther supported
by the inner piece 24, which is stationary and the end of it inclined, as repre-
sented, in order to accommodate it to the bend required to be given to the
metal by the folder 21. This folder 21 is firmly though removably connected
to the slide 6 by means of bolts 25 and 26, and made capable of adjustment
by means of a set screw 27. The slides 11 are supported in brackets or
blocks 28. As soon as the parts of the machine have returned from the
movement by which the commencement of the turning of the hinge is per-
formed, the slides again move forward carrying with them the fingers 8, 9,
and 10, and another blank piece of metal is moved into the position previously
described, and the commencement of the formation of the joint is again per-
formed in the same manner. At the same time the hinge previously com-
menced is moved forward upon the support 29, where the turning of the
joint is completed by means of the action of the vibrating swedges 30, 30,
(see Fig. 13) which are pressed up against the hinge by the inclined planes 31
fixed to the slide 6. The plate 30, which forms the support upon which the
hinge rests at this stage of the operation, is so fitted and constructed as to slide
under the plate 33 and across the plate 34 (see Fig. 14) in such a
that while it at all times abuts against the swedge 30, and thus fully supports
the hinge, it is still allowed to recede as the swedge advances to complete the
manner

page_text: joint, and is caused to return to its position as the swedge retires by means of
spiral springs contained in holes, represented by dotted lines in Figure 14,
which springs abut at one end against the rods 35, the latter abutting against
the rigid piece 36 fixed to the bed of the machine. The edge of the hinge is
supported during the operation of completing the turning of the joint by a
plate or stop 33, which is held down in position, as represented, by bolts
37, 37, and this piece is made adjustable by means of the set screw 38, which
passes through the piece 36 fixed to the bed, as above stated. The dies or
swedges 30 for completing the turning of the joint are connected to vibrating
arms 39 by means of bolts 40, and made adjustable by means of set
screws 41. The arms 39 are connected by hinges to the under side of the
bed I, as shewn, and the inclined planes 31, 31, are fixed to the slide 6 by
means of the bolt 42, and made adjustable by means of set screws 43, as
represented. The hinge is at the next revolution moved forward by the
fingers 10 upon the support 44 (see Fig. 3), where it is subjected to the
action of the files 45 (see Fig. 17), which finish and smooth the joints of the
hinge, so as to make them fit together as required. This support is hinged
at 46, as represented, in order to allow it to vibrate when pressed upon by the
action of the files, the motion being restricted by a set screw 47, which passes
through the bed of the machine; the plate 48 to which it is hinged is fixed to
the raising piece 23. Plate 44 is grooved at the end as represented in
Figure 18, in order to allow the files to enter. The plate 44 is kept up in its
required position (except when pressed upon by the action of the files) by a
spiral spring 50, represented in Figure 17. The stop 51 is firmly fixed to the
plate or support 44 by means of the bolt 52, and is set up in its required
position by a set screw 53; this stop 51 has a rebate on its under side, which
admits the blank or part of the hinge farthest from the files. and supports it
in such a manner as to prevent it being tilted out of its position upon the
plate 44. The files 45 are fixed to the piece 54. which is hinged to the
vibrating piece 55 at the lower end, and secured at the upper end by the
bolt 56, an adjustment being provided for by set screws 57. The arms 55 are
hinged at their upper end to the pieces 58 which are connected firmly to the
slides 6, and the arms 55 are pressed up against the slides 6 by springs 59.
The slide 60 is placed between the pieces 55, and a rod 61 passes up through
the slide 6 for the purpose of working the slide 60, so as to throw out the
arms 55 and consequently the files 45 in such a manner as to cause them to
operate upon the hinge during their downward stroke, at the end of which
stroke the piece 60 strikes against a stop 62 fixed to the bed, and is forced up
into such a position as to allow the files to approach each other and thus clear

page_text: the hinge. As the slide 6 again rises the rod 61 strikes against the set
screw 63, as represented, and the slide 60 is again forced downwards in the
slide 6, so as to throw out the files into the position represented in Figure 17
preparatory to the next downward stroke. The set screw 63 is supported in a
bracket 64 fixed to the right-hand upright which supports the main shaft of
the machine, as shewn in Fig. 1. The fingers 8, 9, and 10 are connected, as
Should any of the
before stated, to the slides 11 and worked by the cam 16.
blanks in the operations already described catch in such a manner as to
prevent their being moved forward by the application of the proper force, the
slides 11 are so joined to the arms 12 and 13, and these arms to each other,
that the application of an undue force will draw them into a different angular
position to each other, and thereby cause the slides 65 to draw upon one or
both of the pins 66 and 67, so as by means of their connection to each other
and to the lever arm 68 to withdraw the slide 69 which holds the clutch
lever 70, and disengage the working parts of the machine from the driving
pulley, thereby stopping the operation of the machine and allowing the
difficulty to be removed. The slide 69 is held up in position by the spiral
The machine is
spring 71 when not withdrawn in the manner above stated.
so constructed that one part of the hinge is formed upon one side of it, while
the other part of it is being formed upon the other, both in the manner already
described. When the joints of the hinge have been turned and filed as above
described, the blanks or parts are pushed forward by the slides or fingers 72,
73, and 74, so as to bring them into the guides 75, down which they are
guided to the slides 76 and 77, being turned over in their descent, as is
A stop 78
obvious from the guides being curved, as represented in Figure 1.
prevents their passing too far inward to be in the proper position upon the
slides 76 and 77; the slides 76 and 77 are supported upon slides 79 and 80,
which have tongues 81, 81 (see Fig. 11), which fit between tongues forming
the slides 76, 77. The hinges fall in such a position upon the slides 76 and
77 that, the curved joints fall between and beside the tongues of these slides,
and thus keep them in the proper position for one part to meet and fit into
the other. These slides 76 and 77 are forced by the springs 82 into a position
nearer the centre than is occupied by the tongues 81, when the slides 79 and
-80 are at the outward, end, of_their_stroke, so as to allow the joints of the parts
of the hinge to fall between the tongues of the slides 76 and 77, as above
stated, but as the slides 79 and 80 are forced inward to bring the parts of the
binge together as the parts come in contact, the springs 82 yield, allowing the
slides 79 and 80 to approach the centre without carrying with them further
the slides 76 and 77, by which the parts of the hinge are held firmly together

page_text: during the operation of driving the wire which connects them. The slides are
prevented from approaching each other so closely as to prevent the passage of
the wire by pins 83, the object of this provision being to prevent their closing
when no hinge is upon them, and thereby crippling the wire or deranging the
parts of the machine. The hinge is kept down upon the slides, and prevented
from rising during the operation of driving the wire which connects them by
the guide 84, which is fixed to the bed and frame of the machine for that
purpose, and is placed over the slides as indicated in Figure 10, the line
drawn under this Figure indicating the top of the slides. The slides 79 and
80 are worked by means of levers 85 hung in pedestals fixed to the bottom of
the machine at 86 as a fulcrum, the said levers being connected to the slides
above mentioned by the connecting rods 87; as represented in Figure 12;
these levers receive motion from cams 88 and 89 on the shaft 17, as repre-
sented in Figure 12. The levers 85 are kept in contact with the cams by
means of a spiral spring 90. When the hinge is in the position already
described upon the slides 76 and 77, the wire is driven into the parts of the
hinge by the apparatus which I am about to describe. The wire being
conveniently disposed upon a reel or other suitable support, is passed through
the post 91 in which it is supported, through the post 92 into the driving
clamp 93, the construction of which is fully shewn in Figure 7, where it
passes between the plates 94 and 95, between which it is clamped during the
forward motion of the driver 93, the plates 94, 95, being caused to--approach-
each other by means of force applied at the end of the lever 96 hung upon the
pin 97, and so formed at its upper end that force applied in the proper
direction to give the forward motion to the driver 93, will first press the
plate 95 firmly, so as to hold firmly between it and the plate above it any
substance which may be between them. The form of this arm or lever 96.
for this purpose is shewn in the Figure 7. In order to work this lever
and give motion to the driving slide 93, a connecting rod 98 is united
to it by a joint at the lower end, which connecting rod receives motion
from the cam 99 attached to the shaft 17, so as to cause it to draw the slide
forward; the said cam operating upon a pin or roller 100 fixed at the end of
the connecting rod 98, as shewn in Fig. 12. The lever 96, and by it the
slide 93, is drawn back when released from the cam 99 by means of the ten-
sion of the spiral spring 101. The relaxation of the tension of the rod 98
upon the lever 96 relieves the clamp or driver from a portion of its friction
upon the wire, thus allowing the driving clamp to slide back without carrying
the wire with it, it being aided in releasing the wire by the spring 102
(see Fig. 3) which is connected at one end to the driving clamp 93, and at

page_text: the other to the post 91. The same spring 102 is also useful in causing the
clamp to act upon the wire when being forced forward. The levers 85 which
work the slides 79 and 80 are made adjustable by means of joints 103, so as
to bring the slides into the proper position required to suit any sized joints of
the various sizes of hinges, and these joints being only held by the friction will
also yield to an undue strain thrown upon them, and thus prevent the parts
from breaking. The wire is supported against bending between the driving
clamp and the hinge by perforated slides 104 and 105, and by a support im-
mediately behind the apparatus, by which the wire is cut off after being driven,
the supporting slides 104, 105, being separated by springs 106, which are
also perforated in order to allow the wire to pass. As the driving clamp
advances it is obvious that the guides or slides 104, 105, will approach each
other so as to divide the space in which the wire is unsupported between the
driver and the cutting apparatus into nearly equal portions, as the springs will
naturally yield nearly equally. As the driver is withdrawn the slides 104 and
105, and springs 106, resume their former position; after the wire is driven
into the hinge it is cut off and pointed by the cutting pliers or jaws 107,
and the chisel 108 worked by the slide 109, which receives motion from the
cam 110 on the main shaft of the machine. The cutting jaws 107 are sup-
ported by the standard 32 to which they are fixed, and the chisel 108 is
guided in the same standard. The jaws or cutting nippers have a small hole
drilled through between them, which hole is so countersunk as to form a
cutting edge on the side next the hinge, as indicated in Figure 3. These jaws
are worked by the slides 111 connected to the slide 109, being forced by the
descent of the latter between the upper arms of these jaws 107, which opera-
tion closes the jaws so as nearly to sever the wire, when the farther descent of
the slide 109 brings the chisel 108 down upon the wire and completes its
dismemberment. The slide 109 is raised by a spiral spring 112 (see Fig. 2),
which is connected at one end to this slide 109, and at the other to the
arm 113 fixed to the cap of the main frame. The hinge is supported against
the pressure or thrust of the wire in the operation of driving by a stop 114,
shewn in Figures 3 and 12. and in detail in Figure 11. This stop passes
through the flange which unites the upper and lower portions of the bed, and
at the left-hand end is united to a plate 115, which is connected by means of
the rod 116 to the crank 117 on the shaft 118, upon which the crank 68 and
the levers 110, 120 are hung. The connection of this stop with the slide 69 is
thus rendered complete, and it is obvious, therefore, that the exertion of undue
pressure upon the stop 114 will disengage the clutch by which the band wheel
is connected to the main shaft, and thus stop the machine. The stop 114 is

page_text: supported against the pressure of driving the wire by the springs 121, which
are connected at one end to the plate 115, and at the other to the bar 122, of
which the screw 123 forms a part, thus allowing an adjustment of the tension
of these springs by means of the nut 124 at the end of the machine to accom-
modate the machine to the labor to be performed.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention communicated to
me from abroad, as aforesaid, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, I would remark that I am aware that the above described operations
of turning the joints of hinges, of feeding the wire to form the axis around
which the other parts of the hinge are bent, and of cutting off the wires after
the said joints have been formed, have been performed by mechanism different
from that herein-before described. I do not, therefore, claim-as of--such
Invention any other mechanism for the purpose than that described; but what
I claim is,-
First. the combination of the swedges or folders 21, the yielding supporting
plate 20, and the fixed support 24 for the purpose herein-before described.
Secondly, the combination of the fixed stop 33, the dies 30, and the
sliding support 29 for the purpose herein-before described.
Thirdly, the combination of the files 45, working as described, with the
stops 51, and supports 44 for the purpose herein-before described.
Fourthly, the combination of the vibrating supports 44, set screws 47, and
springs 50 arranged for the purpose herein-before described.
Fifthly, the combination of the fingers 8, 9. and 10, with the swedges or
folders 21, and the files 45 for the purpose herein-before described.
Sixthly, the combination in the manner described of the clutch for discon-
necting the power from the machine, with the fingers for moving the blanks
forward into position, the fingers being so connected with the clutch lever
as to cause an undue strain upon the fingers 8. 9. and 10, or any of them,
to release the clutch lever 70, and thus disconnect the driving power, as herein-
before described.
Seventhly, the guides 75, so constructed and arranged in connection
with the slides 76 and 77, as to be capable of turning the parts of the hinge
over and delivering them upon the slides 76, 77, for the purpose herein-before
described.
Eighthly, the construction and arrangement of the slides 76, 77, 79, and
80, and their arrangement in connection with the apparatus for driving the
wire by which the parts of the hinge are brought into and held in the proper
position to receive the wire which forms the axis of the hinge for the purpose
herein-betore described.

page_text: Ninthly, the combination of the guide 84 with the said slides 76, 77, 79,
and 80 for the purpose herein-before described.
Tenthly, the combination of the driving clamp 93, and the supporting slides
104, 105, and the springs 106 for the purpose herein-before described.
Eleventhly, the combination of the stop 114 with the supporting slides
76, 77, 79, and 80, or other support for the hinge during the operation of
driving the wire, and with the clamp 93, or other mechanism, for driving the
wire to form the axis of the hinge, the said stop 114 being connected with
the disengaging apparatus in such a manner that an undue pressure in
driving the wire will disconnect the driving power for the purpose herein-before
described.
And lastly, the combination of the cutting pliers 107 with the chisel 108,
and the adaptation and application of the same to a machine for making hinges
for the purpose herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Spence, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
Witness,
GEO. BEDELL COULCHER,
50, Chancery Lane,
Law Stationer.
WILLIAM SPENCE. (L.S.)