Improvements in Calculating Rules for Yarns and Oloth.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 17th Apr., 1895-Accepted, 24th May, 1895
Improvements in Calculating Rules for Yarns and Oloth.
I, ARNOLD SCHAER, of Warreu, Rhode Island, United States of America,
Manager, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
This invention relates to the class of computing devices for solving arithmetical
questions.
Its object is to provide mechanical means for solving certain questions that arise
in manufacturing textile fabrics, that to solve in the usual way require a great deal
of figuring and calculation on the part of both the manufacturer and the dealer.
One of these questions for instance, is, if a dealer wants cloth of a certain width
and number of yards to the pound, what number of yarn and how many picks to
the inch in weaving will make the goods? Another question is, having goods of a
certain width and number of yards to the pound, and number of picks to the inch,
what is the number of the yarn? And having yarn of a certain number what
must be the number of picks per inch to make goods of a certain width and
weight?
These and many like questions that usually require elaborate calculations with
all their liability to error, are correctly solved with a single movement of the device
which is the subject of this invention.
The invention is hereinafter fully explained and illustrated in the accompanying
drawing in which
Figure 1 shows a top view of the calculating rule closed.
Fi
Figure 2 represents the same open as when it is in use.
Figure 3 is a cross section, or end view.
This calculating device consists of a rule A, of any convenient length, having a
dovetailed groove made in the centre of its width and extending the whole length
of the rule. A strip a, is fitted to slide in the groove after the manner of slide
rules. This rule then has four lines of divisions made on it designated as 1, 2, 3, 4
in the drawing. Lines 1 and 4 are made on the rule proper at each side of the
groove, and lines 2 and 3, are made on the slide a. The space made by the
divisions on the lines 1, 2, 3 commence largest at the left hand and decrease in
logarithmic proportion as they go to the right, and when the slide a, is closed in the
rule, the divisions on the lines 1, 2, 3, exactly agree with each other, though line 1
is numbered, 2, 3, 4, whilst the same divisions on the slide a, are marked, 20, 30, 40,
and so on, the figures in the middle of the slide serving for lines 2 and 3, on each
side of them. The lines 4 of divisions are also made in logarithmic proportion,
but increase in the opposite direction to the other lines and when the slide a is close
in, No. 40, on the slide is opposite No. 99 on line 4. Line 1 of the divisions is
marked on the rule as "No. of yards per lb." And line 2 is marked on the slide
"Av. No. of yarn." Line 3 is also marked on the slide as "Inches wide," and
line 4 is designated on the rule as "Av. count" (or average picks per inch) which
means that as the number of picks per inch of the filling may not be the same as
the number of threads per inch of the warp, the average of the two is taken as the
average count, if the one was 80 threads to the inch and the other 86 threads,
83 would be the average count.
The same remark applies to the "Av. No. of yarn" marked on line 2 of
the division.

page_text: To use the rule to solve the following, questions,-If the cloth is 40 inches wide
and the average count per inch 80, move the slide a, so that 40 on the line 3, is
opposite to 80 on line 4, and opposite to the number of yarn on line 2 will be the
number of yards per pound the cloth will be, if the yarn is No. 30, cloth will
weigh 36 yds. per lb., if the yarn is No. 60, the cloth will run 7 yds. per lb.
And the reverse process is also correct. If the cloth weighs 4 yds. per lb. and
the yarn is No. 40 bring 4% on line 1 opposite 40 on line 2 and opposite any
width of cloth on line 3 will be found on line 4 the number of count per inch
necessary to make the goods, if the count is 100 per inch on line 4, the width will
be 32 inches on line 3, if the count is 75, the width will be 49 inches. And if the
number of the yarn is 80 on line 2, and the count is 60 on line 4 and they are
placed opposite each other, then opposite any width on line 3 is the number of yards
per. pound on line 1.
These examples are but few of the many in which by the use of the rule
calculations can be quickly made, that comparatively few are qualified to make
in the usual way because of the number of factors and their relations to each
other.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, 1 declare that what I
claim is :-
1. A rule for use in calculating the relative size and weight of yarn and cloth
having a sliding portion in it marked with two rows of divisions increasing in
logarithmic proportion to each other, from one end and a row of divisions on the
rule to one side of the slide, agreeing with the divisions on the slide, and having
a row of divisions increasing in logarithmic proportion to each other from the other
end of the rule, substantially as described.
"
2. A rule for use in calculating the relative size and weight of yarn and cloth
having a sliding portion in it marked with two rows of divisions increasing in
logarithmic proportion to each other from one end, the upper row being
marked "Av. No. of yarn and the lower row marked "No. inches in width," a
row of divisions on the rule to one side of the slide, agreeing with the divisions on
the slide and marked "No. of yards per lb.," a row of divisions increasing in
logarithmic proportion to each other from the other end of the rule and
marked "Av. count," substantially as described.
3. In a calculating rule the combination of three lines of divisions exactly
agreeing with each other and increasing in logarithmic proportion to each other
from one end of the rule, two of said lines being made on a slide movable on said
rule, and the other line of the three made on the rule to one side of the slide, with
a 4th line of divisions of like proportions to each other but made in. reversed order
on the rule to the three first lines of divisions, substantially as described.
Dated this 17th day of April 1895.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.