matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
THE MANUFACTURING OF RAILWAY GREASE, FOR THE CLEANSING AND RE- MANUFACTURING OF OLD USED DIRTY RAILWAY GREASE OR GREASES, FOR THE CLEANSING AND REMANUFACTURING OF OLD, DIRTY, COTTON WASTE, Tow, OR ANY TEXTILE FABRIC
Year: 1856

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Napoleon Norminton at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th April 1856.
I, EDWIN NAPOLEON NORMINTON, of 12, Charrington Street, St. Pancras, in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "THE MANUFACTURING OF RAILWAY GREASE, FOR THE CLEANSING AND RE-
MANUFACTURING OF OLD USED DIRTY RAILWAY GREASE OR GREASES, FOR THE
CLEANSING AND REMANUFACTURING OF OLD, DIRTY, COTTON WASTE, Tow, OR ANY
TEXTILE FABRIC," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the manufacturing of railway grease from palm
oil or any other fatty matter.
Firstly, I combine a mixture of carbonate and sulphate of soda combined
with water, instead of carbonate of soda alone, in the proportion of cwt. of
carbonate of soda to cwt. of sulphate of soda to one ton of palm oil, or other
fatty matter; but I do not confine myself to these proportions.
Secondly, I take old, dirty, used, railway grease, and separate the oily or fatty
matter from the dirt and metallic oxides by the application of heat and strong
soap lies, and the residue I convert into soap, which soap I reconvert with the

page_text: oily or fatty matter, seperated as above, or with palm oil or any other fatty
matter, for the manufacture of railway grease.
Thirdly, I take weak soap lies and boil the dirty cotton waste, which soap
lies convert the oily matter in the cotton waste into soap, and thereby cleanse
the cotton waste.
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN LATHES, APPLICABLE ALSO IN PART OR ON THE WHOLE TO TOOLS FOR BORING, SHAPING, CUTTING, AND SCREWING METALS
Year: 1856

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edwards at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th July 1856.
I, WILLIAM EDWARDS, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer and
Tool Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN LATHES, APPLICABLE ALSO IN PART OR ON THE
WHOLE TO TOOLS FOR BORING, SHAPING, CUTTING, AND SCREWING METALS," to be as
follows:-
My first improvement consists in a variation in the construction of the
driving headstock of double-geered lathes, which is applicable also in a similar
manner to machines for boring, shaping, cutting, and screwing metals. In
addition to the usual back shaft for giving the slow motions necessary for
turning surfaces of metal of large diameter, I apply an additional shaft, geered
in the same manner, which I prefer to be placed in front of the headstock.
This additional shaft is furnished with toothed wheels or geering, by which,
when in use, it communicates motion from the driving pulleys to the wheel
which is fixed on the main shaft or spindle of the lathe.
The calculation of the geering is such as to give a series of speeds, which are
for the most part intermediate betwixt the speeds given by the driving pulleys
when used alone, and the speeds given by the usual back shaft.

page_text: By these means I am enabled to construct lathes, as also machines. for
drilling, boring, slotting, and shaping metals;, and, also screwing machines,
which possess superior powers of varying the speed, and also for adjusting the
power of the driving strap to the work in hand, by which the efficiency of the-
above description of tools is greatly increased.
Another improvement consists in a variation in the construction of the self-
acting bracket used to support the long traversing shaft or regulating screw of
slide lathes. Instead of the single weight on a vertical lever, usually employed,
I use two weights fixed on two horizontal levers, one on each side of the self-
acting bracket. These stand in opposite directions, so that when the bracket
is moved in one direction, by the carriage in passing, it lifts one of the levers,
and when passing in the other direction it lifts the other.
By these means the shaft or screw is more efficiently supported in a proper
position when at work, and at the same time the carriage is enabled to pass
the bracket with great facility.
AN IMPROVED BALANCE FOR WEIGHING
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Schmidt and Edward
Schmidt at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 16th July 1856.
We, WILLIAM SCHMIDT and EDWARD SCHMIDT, of the firm of Schmidt and
Company, of Heidelberg, in the Grand Duchy of Baden, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED BALANCE FOR WEIGHING,"
to be as follows:-
The object of this improved balance for weighing is to obviate an evil
arising from the present construction of counter scales or balances, in which,
when the scale is loaded upon one side, there is a want of freedom in the
action of the scale pans.
In the improved balance, the axle of the beam is made with a projecting
shoulder at one side of the front part of the knife edges, and with a similar
projecting part upon the opposite side at the back part of the knife edges,
which form the points on which the beam turns. These shoulders on the axle
enter into recesses made in the planes or supports upon which the knife edges
rest, and serve to preserve the equilibrium of the scale pans when either side
is loaded. This improvement is applicable to counter scales and the ordinary
beam balance.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN SAWING MACHINERY
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th December 1856.-A communication from Saint Albin Hugues.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVEMENT IN SAWING MACHINERY," (communicated to me by Saint
Albin Hugues, a foreigner residing abroad,) to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the combined employment of a travelling or
locomotive steam engine, and of one or more rotary saws, saw blades, or band
saws, whereby, instead of the material having to be brought often from great
distances to saw mills, the substitute for the saw mills, viz., the travelling
steam engine and saw or saws, will be enabled to be taken readily to the
material to be cut.
A convenient saw bench may be formed by prolonging the side frames of an
ordinary portable or travelling engine and by placing planking thereon. A
circular saw, mounted in suitable bearings in, upon, or dependant from the
frames, may be driven by a strap passed round a pulley on the axis of the saw
and directly round another pulley on the fly wheel shaft, or first round an
intermediate pulley and then round the pulley on the fly wheel shaft.

page_text: With different engines and different kinds of saws various contrivances may
be used for driving them, the Invention consisting in the combination of a
travelling steam engine made to drive one or more circular saws, saw blades,
or band saws.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF EMBOSSED SURFACES ON WOOD
Year: 1856

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Omer Henry at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st December
1856.
1, JEAN OMER HENRY, of No. 39, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, in the Empire
of France, and of No. 4, South Street, Finsbury, London, do hereby declare
the nature of my Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF
EMBOSSED SURFACES ON WOOD," to be as follows, that is to say:-
The Invention consists in employing thin sheets of wood to obtain embossed
impressions by means of the stamping press and pressing rollers.
To prepare the wood to be stamped, I take a sheet, or thin plank of wood,
the surface of which must be made even, as if prepared to be varnished.
Damp paper is placed upon the wood to render it as supple as possible, and it
is then stamped by the stamping press in the same way as paper. If the
wood is varnished, it is allowed to remain for a few hours in a damp place in
order not to affect the brilliancy of the varnish.
to it a sheet of thin
By this process I an
If the wood to be stamped is very thin, I glue on
cardboard, so as to give support to the parts in relief.
enabled with any quality of wood to imitate sculptures, and to cover small
articles of furniture, such as work boxes, at a small cost.
I can also obtain by means of pressing rollers nearly similar results to those

page_text: obtained by the stamping machine. One of the two cylinders has the engraving
hollowed out of its surface, and the other cylinder is a counterpart. The
wood being compressed between the two cylinders takes the impression of the
engraving.
EXTRACTION OF OIL FROM A VEGETABLE SUBSTANCE NOT HITHERTO SO USED
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Auguste Neuburger, of 39, Rue de l'Echiquier,
Paris, in the Empire of France, and of 4, South Street, Finsbury, London,
for the Invention of "EXTRACTION OF OIL FROM A VEGETABLE SUBSTANCE
NOT HITHERTO SO USED."
Sealed the 1st August 1856, and dated the 6th March 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Auguste Neuburger at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
6th March 1856.
I, AUGUSTE NEUBURGER, of 39, Rue de l'Echiquier, in the Empire of
5 France, and of 4, South Street, Finsbury, London, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention of EXTRACTION OF OIL FROM A VEGETABLE SUB-
STANCE NOT HITHERTO SO USED," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention consists in obtaining oil from the plants of the genus Thlaspi
and allied genera of the order Cruciferæ (Juss.), which oil forms a substitute
for colza oil, and may be used for lamps and other purposes.
The species from which the oil may be obtained are the following:-

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Auguste Neuburger in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
5th September 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, AUGUSTE
NEUBURGER, of 39, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, in the Empire of France, and
of 4, South Street, Finsbury, London, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her mosti Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria,.by.i.Her Letters
Patent, bearing date, the Sixth day of March; in the year of our Lord-One
thousand..eight hundred and fifty-six, inthe nineteenth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and, successors; give and grantaunto me,. the said
Auguste Neuburger,. Her.,special license that.. I, the.said Auguste Neuburger,
my..executors, adniinistrators, and, assigns, -or- such others as I, the "said
Auguste Neuburger, my executors, administrators,, and assigns, should: at any
time agree with, and.no others, from time to time and at all. times. thereafter

page_text: The seeds may be gathered in July if sown in March, and when sown in
October they are gathered in the following May.
The oil is obtained by dressing, grinding, and pressing the seeds, as in the
process for obtaining colza oil, and is also purified in the same manner.
In witness whereof, I, the said Auguste Neuburger, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of August, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
A. NEUBURGER. (L.S.)
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN FOG SIGNALS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Stokes at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st January
1856.
I, JOHN STOKES, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Lamp Maker,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT OR
IMPROVEMENTS IN FOG SIGNALS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in making the fog signals used upon railways as
follows: Instead of making the body of two shallow cups, raised out of sheet
metal, and secured together at their edges, I make the said body by casting
and give to the said body a form resembling that of the ordinary fog signal,
excepting that the edges are curved instead of angular, and the sides convex
instead of flat. The opening in the body of the signal is closed after the
introduction of the detonating compound by means of a plate or disc carrying
the nipples, on which the percussion caps are situated, and which resembles
that of the ordinary fog signal. I also form the arms or bands by which the
signal is attached to the rail by casting the same in one piece with the body of
the signal. I prefer to cast the fog signal in malleable iron or cast iron,
capable of being aunealed, but I do not confine myself to any material. The
essence of my my Invention consists in casting the body and arms of the signal
in one piece.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF CERTAIN WASTE WOOLLEN YARNS OR THREADS, WHEREBY THE FIBRE OR WOOL OF WHICH THEY ARE. COMPOSED IS RENDERED CAPABLE OF BEING AGAIN SPUN AND MANUFACTURED
Year: 1856

page_text: is invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Holland and John Irving
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 27th September 1856.
We, JAMES HOLLAND, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Dyer,
and JOHN IRVING, of the same Place, Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of
our said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF CERTAIN WASTE
WOOLLEN YARNS OR THREADS, WHEREBY THE FIBRE OR WOOL OF WHICH THEY
ARE. COMPOSED IS RENDERED CAPABLE OF BEING AGAIN SPUN AND MANUFACTURED,"
to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to the treatment of waste or destroyed woollen
"heald yarns," or "healds" that have been rendered unfit for such purpose by
use, friction, &c. in the process of weaving. These improvements consist in
extracting or destroying the varish and other extraneous matters from the
fibres of wool which have been used in their original state as "heald yarns,"
by means of the use of alkaline or ammoniacal solutions. This has also
the effect of opening or untwisting the said yarns, so that the drawing out
of the fibres of the wool can be again performed (as when in its original
state), and the wool may then be submitted to the ordinary processes of
carding, scribbling, spinning, &c., and, as it were, reproduced for further
manufacturing processes.
A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF JOINING THE PARTS OF METALLIC AND OTHER BEDSTEADS, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF FURNITURE
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Manoah Bower and John Barwell
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
21st May 1856.
We, MANOAH BOWER, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manu-
facturer, and JOHN BARWELL, of Birmingham aforesaid, Gentleman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF
JOINING THE PARTS OF METALLIC AND OTHER BEDSTEADS, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF
FURNITURE," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists of a new or improved joint or junction to be used in
place of the ordinary corner block and dovetail joint commonly used in metallic
bedsteads and other articles of metallic furniture. Our said Invention is also
applicable to bedsteads and other articles of furniture made of wood.
We will describe our Invention in its application to a metallic bedstead.
We fix upon the upright pillar, at that part where the side rails are to be
attached thereto, a block of metal, in which are made recesses, proceeding from
the upper face downwards, but not through the said block. The said recesses
are of a figure suitable to receive the ends of the side rails, and prevent the
side rails being removed therefrom except by being lifted vertically. The
ends of the side rails may be fashioned somewhat like the letter T, and the
block have recesses of a corresponding figure; or the said rails and recesses

page_text: may have the figure of a dovetail. The vertical pillar passes through the block
described, and a second block, without recesses, is dropped over the said pillar,
and, by a concave screw in the said block engaging with a convex screw on
the pillar, the said block may be screwed down tightly upon the first-men-
tioned block, the ends of the rails being thus securely held between the two
blocks. In taking the bedstead to pieces, it is only necessary to unscrew the
upper block sufficiently high to permit of the ends of the rails being raised
from the lower block. We sometimes form the ends of the rails so as to make
them encircle the pillar, but we do not limit ourselves to details, the essence of
our Invention consisting in securing the ends of the rails between two blocks,
one screwed down upon the other. We sometimes make the ends of the
rails of different shapes, so as to prevent their being placed in the wrong
blocks.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING WASTE LIQUORS PRODUCED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CHLORINE, AND IN SEPARATING NICKEL, COBALT AND COPPER FROM LIQUIDS CONTAINING THEM IN COMBINATION WITH MANGANESE AND IRON
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmund Knowles Muspratt and
Balthasar Wilhelm Gerland at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 9th December 1856.
We, EDMUND KNOWLES MUSPRATT, of Liverpool, and BALTHASAR WILHELM
GERLAND, Ph. D., of Hesse Cassel, now residing in Manchester, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING WASTE
LIQUORS PRODUCED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CHLORINE, AND IN SEPARATING NICKEL,
COBALT AND COPPER FROM LIQUIDS CONTAINING THEM IN COMBINATION WITH
MANGANESE AND IRON," to be as follows:-
This Invention is more particularly applicable to the separation of nickel,
cobalt, copper, and oxide of manganese from manganese ores. These ores are
now frequently used in the manufacture of chlorine, and by this process the
ore is brought into a soluble state. In order to separate the nickel, cobalt,
and copper, we take the liquid as it runs from the chlorine still, and having
brought all the metals into complete solution, we add carbonate of lime to
precipitate the iron, which is then separated by filtration, or the iron may be
separated by evaporating, the solution and calcining the residue and re-dissolving
all that remains soluble. From the filtrate or clear solution copper is
separated by adding sulphuretted bydrogen and again filtering; the solution

page_text: now contains nickel, cobalt, and manganese; to this, sulphuret of calcium or
other sulphuret is added, by which the nickel, cobalt, and part of the man-
ganese is rendered insoluble. From this insoluble precipitate the manganese
is dissolved out by weak muriatic acid, leaving the mixed sulphurets of nickel
and cobalt, from which the two metals are obtained by processes now in use,
or the cobalt and nickel may be separated by precipitating with oxalate of
lime. The manganese is separated from its solution by the addition of lime,
which throws it down as protoxide; this may be converted into peroxide, and
again used in the manufacture of chlorine. In a similar manner to that
above described, nickel, cobalt, and copper may be separated from other ores
or substances which contain them in combination with manganese and iron.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING OR PREPARING INDIAN CORN AND OTHER GRAIN FOR FERMENTATION AND DISTILLATION
Year: 1856

page_text: appucation for Letters Latent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Watt at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th August
1856.
I, WILLIAM WATT, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING OR PREPARING INDIAN CORN AND OTHER GRAIN FOR
FERMENTATION AND DISTILLATION," to be as follows:-
pur-
I steep Indian corn in water at an artificial or high temperature, say, from
about sixty to one hundred degrees of Fahrenheit's thermometer, for the
pose of softening it, and facilitating the after process of malting. I then
conduct the malting process in a moist atmosphere, artificially heated, say,
from about sixty to one hundred degrees of Fahrenheit's thermometer. When
the malting process is conducted in an artificially heated atmosphere the
steeping at a high temperature is not so necessary, but should the malting
process be conducted in the usual way I employ the high temperature in
steeping. The whole process may also be conducted in an artificially heated
moist atmosphere, such as described, without steeping, and this process may
also be applied to other grain. I also steep the corn in water, or in the water
in which corn has been previously steeped, for a longer period, so as to enable
me without malting so to decompose the fibrous and other matter that the

page_text: starch can be easily brought to a fine state of division, which I effect by grind-
ing with water, hot water being preferred. The starch being thus set free, can
be converted into sugar and alcohol by any of the known methods. This
process may also be applied to other grain.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR POLISHING OR FINISHING YARNS OR THREADS
Year: 1856

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Hyde Greg, Henry Russell
Greg, and James Hope, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 19th December 1856.
We, ROBERT HYDE GREG and HENRY RUSSELL GREG, both of Manchester,
in the County of Lancaster, Manufacturers, and JAMES HOPE, of Reddish, in
the same County, Manager, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention
for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR POLISHING OR
FINISHING YARNS OR THREADS," to be as follows:-
This Invention applies to the polishing, or smoothing, or finishing, cotton
and linen yarns or threads, in the bank or skein, and consists in the applica-
tion, employment, or use, in the machinery or apparatus employed for such
purpose, of a comb of metal, wood, whalebone, or other suitable material,
either simple, as a bar with teeth at right angles to it, or complex or circular,
as a spiked roller, and which may be stationary or revolving as required; or as
a substitute for the same a similar application, employment, or use of a card-
ing fillet, either flat, or vertical, or circular, as a roller of cards, and which may
be fixed or in motion as required; through which additional arrangement of
apparatus the threads or yarns are to be passed or run rapidly during the
processes of polishing and finishing, and by means of which the completion of
such process is obtained.
A LUMINOUS FIRE-PLACE AND SELF-SUPPLYING SMOKE CONSUMER
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Leighton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th March
1856.
I, JOHN LEIGHTON, of No. 40, Brewer Street, Golden Square, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "A LUMINOUS FIRE-PLACE AND SELF-SUPPLYING SMOKE CONSUMER," to be
as follows:-
The intent of this Invention is to obtain cheapness, cleanliness, and comfort,
with less attention than is required, for the ordinary smoky and wasteful fire.
The fire-place is constructed with a chamber at the back and sides for
cooking, or coking the coals. This chamber is covered in at all parts except
that in communication with the fire, consequently leaving no vent for the gas
and bitumenous smoke but into the fire; and it will be found useful for
steam engines, domestic fire, and all purposes where the consumption of
smoke is desired.
The method for using for domestic purposes is to put a supply of coals into
the coking chamber, which forms the back and sides of the fire-place, then
make up a coke fire in front; "thus the coals of to-day will form coke for
the morrow."

page_text: The fire-place is also eligible for greenhouses or conservatories, &c. &c.;
being simple and portable it may be put on a flat stone, or even ground, and
set going without a chimney.
For locomotive or stationary engines, it may be modified to receive fuel at
the top, back, or sides of the coking chamber, and have a flap door or sliding
bottom to let the coke fall through when requisite. The flap door or sliding
bottom is also useful for domestic purposes.
A CRAMPON TO PREVENT HORSES SLIPPING IN FROSTY WEATHER
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Anelli at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th September
1856.
I, JOSEPH ANELLI, of No. 2, Talbot Villas, Paddington, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"A CRAMPON TO PREVENT HORSES SLIPPING IN FROSTY WEATHER," to be as
follows:-
The crampon is made of iron, steel, or other metals to the size and shape
of the shoes of horses, with two holders in front and two resisting shoulders
behind, with two pivots at their tops, on which are rivetted two bands, with
loopholes to turn over, made of leather, elastic iron, steel, or other metals, and
fastened together over the holders on the hoof of horses by a screw, a strap, a
clasp, a spring, or elastic. Under the frame of the crampon are screwed steel
points to prevent slipping.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WORKING RAILWAY SWITCHES AND CROSSINGS AND CERTAIN INDICATING APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING ACCIDENTS ON RAILWAYS
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th February 1856.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WORKING RAILWAY SWITCHES AND CROSSINGS AND CERTAIN
INDICATING APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING ACCIDENTS ON RAILWAYS," (communicated
to me by A. Dumas, of Paris, a foreigner residing abroad) to be as follows:-
These improvements consist, firstly, in working railway switches and crossings
from the locomotive, instead of from the road.
And, secondly, in a tell-tale or clockwork index for indicating the passage
of every train, and the time elapsed since its passage.
I fix in the road, and at the side of the taper end of every switch, an
apparatus acted upon by a roller depressed by the engine driver or attendant,
as hereafter explained. To two fixed blocks are centred the inner ends of two
levers. The outer ends of these levers carry a band, and another band or rail,
the edge of which is rounded at the centre, where it is made to press against
the end of the switch or crossing rail. These bands are elevated from the
ground by means of a strong spring placed under them, and, when so raised,

page_text: the switch or crossing rail is out of action. When a train is required to move
off to a crossing or siding, the engine driver depresses the roller in front of the
engine, by means of cranked levers placed within easy reach, which depresses
the bands, and thus forces the switch against the main rail, and takes off the
train. As soon as the train has left the switch or crossing rail, the spring
forces
up the bands and takes the switch from the main rail.
The improved tell-tale consists of an apparatus fitted with a dial and pointer,
worked by clockwork and the passing of a train, and acts as follows:-
Suppose a locomotive has just passed, and the index on the dial points to 12,
the clock movement, by the passing of the train, is brought in gear with the
index pointer, and will cause the index to mark on the dial and exhibit to the
driver of the next passing train how long a time has elapsed since the previous
train passed. The second locomotive, in passing, presses on a spring connected
with the tell-tale, puts the index out of gear with the clock movement, and
brings the index pointer back to -12, ready to act again. If more than 55
minutes elapse between the passage of two trains the clockwork goes on, but
without working the pointer. A disk marked with figures is worked also by
the passing of the train, and exhibits in front of the apparatus the number of
trains which have passed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF VALVES FOR REGULATING THE PASSAGE OF GAS AND OTHER FLUIDS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Wailes at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th February
1856.
I, GEORGE WAILES, of 10, Palace Row, New Road, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF VALVES FOR REGULATING THE PASSAGE OF
GAS AND OTHER FLUIDS, to be as follows:-
My Invention refers principally to those valves employed in street mains, or
other mains or pipes, in which the passage of gas or other fluids requires to be
regulated or stopped, and consists in improvements in the means of trans-
mitting motion to the slide valve for the purpose of opening or closing it.'
For this purpose I place a pulley or sheave on the axis or shaft to which
the key or handle for moving the slide is applied; to this pulley I affix the end
of a chain, wire rope, or other suitable flexible strap, the other end of which
is carried direct and fixed to the further end of the slide. When the shaft
and pulley is turned round, the chain is wound up, and so moves and opens
the slide. Another chain or rope is fixed to and wound on this pulley in the
opposite direction to that of the last, from thence it passes over a turning
pulley, and back to the opposite end of slide to that at which the first chain.
is fixed.

page_text: By turning the key shaft in the opposite direction to that before mentioned,
this chain will be wound up, while the first-mentioned chain will be unwound,
and so move and close the valve. The whole is enclosed within the casing
of the valve, a suitable recess being formed in the casing for the reception of
the pullies, the shaft only being allowed to project in the usual way.
In applying these improvements to gas valves, the chains or flexible bands
or connection should be of material as little subject to the prejudicial action
of the gas as possible.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SWING LOOKING GLASSES
Year: 1856

page_text: by the
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Owen Murrell at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th January
1856.
I, OWEN MURRELL, of Bethnal Green Road, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
SWING LOOKING GLASSES" to be as follows:-
These improvements relate to those parts of swing looking glasses termed
"knobs," employed for tightening the swing frame of the glass in the pillars or
stand thereof by which the frame is supported. The novelty of these improve-
ments consists in constructing such said knobs in the following manner :-I
first form a small hole through said knob, and then enlarge such said hole from
the outer end of the knob, about half way down, more or less, and then insert
a piece of metal therein, in which is formed a screwed hole; I then fill up the
larger hole with a hollow cup, the outer end whereof is shaped to complete
the ornament of the knob; I then insert into the aforesaid screwed hole a
piece of round wire, one end whereof is formed with a neck, and the other end
with a screw for connecting it to the aforesaid knob. I also crank, or bend,
or otherwise shape or form such said wire as that when it is passed through a
hole in the pillar, said wire cannot turn round; 1 then affix inside of each
upright side of the frame of the glass a piece of metal, in which is formed a

page_text: hole, somewhat of the shape of the figure 8, the lowermost opening being the
largest to allow the end of the aforesaid wire to pass freely through the same,
the upper opening fitting the neck of the said wire Thus it will be seen that
as the knob is turned round by the hand in the proper direction, the frame of
the glass will be tightened against the pillar thereof, and remain so until
released, the frame of the glass being capable of being turned round upon the
aforesaid necks without the possibility of untightening the knobs by such
movement, or otherwise injuring the screws of the knobs, as heretofore has
been the case with knobs as commonly constructed.
A MEDICINE FOR THE CURE OF VENEREAL AFFECTIONS AND GENERATIVE DEBILITY, THE TREISEMAR
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lewis Jacob Jordan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th November
1856.
I, LEWIS JACOB JORDAN, of Berners Street, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A
MEDICINE FOR THE CURE OF VENEREAL AFFECTIONS AND GENERATIVE DEBILITY, THE
TREISEMAR," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a certain combination or certain combinations of
the following ingredients or materials as a medicine for the cure of gonorrhoea,
gleets, and all venereal affections, and urethral discharges, & generative
debility. To prepare this medicine I use sulphate of zinc, nitrate of potash,
tragacinth powder, powdered henbane, tartarate of potash, bicarbonate of soda,
and sugar, which I combine & use in certain proportions, according to the
stage and character of the disease.
OF ALL GOODS, MERCHANDIZE, AND VALUABLE COMMODITIES WHATSOEVER
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Moseley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th January
1856.
I, JOSEPH MOSELEY, of Well Walk, Hampstead, in the County of Middlesex.
Esquire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for THE TRANSPORT
OF ALL GOODS, MERCHANDIZE, AND VALUABLE COMMODITIES WHATSOEVER, to be as
follows:-
A machine of a spherical, cylindrical, or barrel form, or two or more of such
machines attached together, into which such goods, merchandize, and valuable
commodities aforesaid, are to be placed or packed, and the machine or
machines to be drawn along by horses or other beasts of draught or burden,
or by steam or mechanical power, by means of shafts or traces attached to two
pivots placed on opposite sides or ends of such machine or machines, so that
such machine or machines shall move along the ground with a rotatory motion
in the direction in which they are drawn, and bearing such goods, merchandize,
and valuable commodities so placed as aforesaid, when of a solid or material
nature in a rotatory motion also.
AN IMPROVED CARTON OR Box FOR KEEPING PAPERS OR OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.).
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Emile Ventré at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st June 1856.
I, EMILE VENTRE, of the City of Paris, in the Empire of France, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED CARTON OR Box
FOR KEEPING PAPERS OR OTHER ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
I propose to construct a box in such manner as to admit of its being opened
and reclosed, and the contents withdrawn and replaced, without displacing it,
or any article that may be resting upon it. I purpose to effect this by making
the face of the box to open or shut by means of a button placed upon a
spring and running in a slot; the pressure of the, finger upon this button
causes the face of the box to fall, displaying its contents; by raising this
face or flap to its original position and withdrawing the pressure from the
button, the box is refastened or locked. This box, which may be formed of
any shape or material, obviates the necessity of the expensive shelves and
compartments now.used in most offices, as my improved boxes may be piled
the one upon the other, and the contents of each be withdrawn without the
removal of any of the boxes superposed.
A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jean Baptiste Edouard Victor Alaux, of No. 2, Rue
St. Etienne, Bonne Nouvelle, in the City of Paris, Householder, for the
Invention of "A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION."
Sealed the 31st March 1857, and dated the 8th November 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jean Baptiste Edouard®
Victor Alaux at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition on the 8th November 1857.
I, JEAN BAPTISTE EDOUARD VICTOR ALAUX, of No. 2, Rue St. Etienne,
Bonne Nouvelle, in the City of Paris, Householder, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of a new description of grease or
oleaginous lubricating composition suitable for machinery, and more particularly
the axles of railway carriages, said composition possessing the properties of
neat's-foot oil, with the advantage of being considerably cheaper in price, and
capable of being produced in any quantity. The main objection to the
oleaginous lubricating compositions or mixtures hitherto commonly employed
for greasing machinery, consists in their being devoid of what I consider to be

page_text: and have found essential ingredients to the production of an efficient lubri-
cating composition, namely, paraffine and stenrine.
And the object and intention of this Invention is to mix one or other, or
both, of the above-mentioned ingredients, with such oleaginous substances as
do not contain them, and to preserve such said ingredients in those oleaginous
that do contain them; and I would hero observe, that I have obtained good
and economical results from the use of vegetablo oils mixed with either
parafino or stearine, or both, in tho manufacture of a lubricating composition
according to this Invention. Tho description of vegetable oil which I prefer
for the purpose of this Invention is that known and distinguished as rosin oil
which should be distilled at a very low temperature; said oil I subject to three
distillations, the product of the first and third of which I do not use, but only
the product of the intermediate or second distillation; I take about six parts
of the oil thus prepared or obtained, and place them in a double-bottom still,
heated by steam, until the temperature is raised to about 100 degrees of
Centigrade's thermometer; to this I add one part of mutton tallow, heated and
pressed, or squeezed and liquified; I then stir it well, and leave it to cool or
set, and oil thus manufactured I have found preferable to all other oils for
Jubricating purposes, not excepting neat's-foot oil. I give the preference to
mutton tallow for its richness in stearic matter, nevertheless, other kinds of
tallow may be used. I would also remark, that oil obtained from tho dis
tillation of turf peat and schiste during such process always retains a certain
percentage of paraffine, which can be usefully employed for the purposes of
this Invention, either alone or in combination with rosin oil and other
substances, but it is imperative that the tar which they contain be separated.
therefrom.
AN IMPROVED SCREW BOLT OR FASTENING FOR SHIP-BUILDING AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Hall Brock Thwaites at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
December 1856.
I, JOHN HALL BROCK THWAITES, of Bristol, Dentist, do hereby declare the
nature of the Invention for "AN IMPROVED SCREW BOLT OR FASTENING FOR
SHIP-BUILDING AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My improved fastening combines the properties of a nail or bolt and of a
screw, being driven into the material by percussion, like a nail, and rotating on
its axis during its advance, like a screw. These screw bolts or fastenings are
formed of one or more threads, the pitch of the threads being greater than the
diameter of the bolt. The form of the threads, as also of the heads and points
of the fastenings, may be varied to suit the purposes for which they are
intended, and the fastenings may be made of various materials, as metal, wood,
ivory, &c., according to the uses to which they are to be applied.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CAST STEEL
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd July
1856. A communication..
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of Glasgow, North Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CAST
STEEL," a communication from James Jackson and Son, of St. Seurin, in the
Empire of France, Steel Manufacturers, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates, firstly, to an improved system or mode of treating
metal for effecting the production of cast steel at an extremely low price;
secondly, to a peculiar construction and arrangement of furnaces employed
in the process of manufacturing cast steel.
According to this Invention, the hammering, rolling, and working of the
metal, subsequent to its, withdrawal from the puddling furnace, and the
several reheatings attendant on such operations, are entirely dispensed with.
The metal after having been decarburised in the puddling furnace is either
conveyed direct to the fusing crucibles, whereby a saving of time is effected, or
it is plunged into a tank or running stream of cold water. In the latter case,
the metal, after being thus suddenly cooled, is reduced to powder or grains by
hammers or stampers, and is then put into the-fusing crucibles:

page_text: The puddling or decarburising furnaces may for convenience be arranged
near to the smelting furnace, and flames from the decarburising furnaces may
be made to heat the crucibles in the fusing furnace, with which the decar-
burising or puddling furnaces communicates, suitable dampers being fitted
thereon to open or close the communication, as found desirable. The crucibles
are arranged circularly round the fire grate of the fusing furnace on a suitable
shelf or ledge for that purpose. The flames, which pass freely round the sides
and tops of the crucibles, escape from the heating chamber of the furnace to
the chimney by radiating passages, which open into an annular flue com-
municating with the chimney; and in order that the heat may be the same or
nearly the same in all parts of the heating chamber, the passages on the
chimney side of such chamber are smaller than those on the opposite side, that
is to say, they gradually increase in size as they are farther from the chimney.
Suitable closed apertures above the crucibles enable them to be introduced
and withdrawn with facility, and enables them to be inspected when necessary.
The ash-pit may be closed when requisite, and a blast of hot or cold air
introduced therein to feed the furnace.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY PINS OR SPIKES
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Hopper at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th July 1856.
I, GEORGE HOPPER, of Houghton le Spring Iron Works, in the County of
Durham, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY PINS OR SPIKES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved form or construction of railway pins
or spikes, whereby a greater degree of security and stability of fastening is
obtained than can be effected by any of the pins in ordinary use.
According to my Invention, the pin or spike is rolled out of a bar of iron
by means of suitable swaging rolls, after the manner described by me in the
Specification of my Patent, dated the 6th of June 1855. These rolls are
shaped in such such a manner as to form a V-shaped or other groove or
trough in the flat side of the bar from one end to the other, leaving, however,
a greater thickness of metal at the central or middle part of the bar's length
for the purpose of forming the neck of the pin, as I shall now proceed to
describe.
The bar having been thus shaped is bent double in the form of a staple, the
bend being so effected as to cause the V grooves or troughs to meet, thereby
producing a partially hollow pin with a solid head, and having a split on each
side up from the point to the neck or head. The head is then shaped in the

page_text: ordinary manner, and the extremities of each limb of the pin are bevilled
inwards, so that on driving the pin, the two limbs may expand or open out,
and so lock the pin firmly inside the sleeper, the angle of such bevils
regulating the amount of expansion of the pin.
The neck of the pin, or that part which enters the chair, is made round
and slightly conical, so as to hold more firmly therein and prevent lateral
vibration.
That part of the pin or spike which enters the sleeper may be made
rectangular, that is to say, each limb may be V-shaped inside and outside,
such shape being found in practice to hold more firmly into the wood of
the sleeper.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING TIMBER FOR SHIP BUILDING, MAST MAKING, AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Augustus Ferguson, of Millwall, Poplar,
in the County of Middlesex, Mast Maker, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING TIMBER FOR SHIP BUILDING, MAST MAKING,
AND OTHER PURPOSES."
Sealed the 30th December 1856, and dated the 31st October 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Augustus Ferguson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition on the
31st October 1856.
I, CHARLES AUGUSTUS FERGUSON, of Millwall, Poplar, in the County of
Middlesex, Mast Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING TIMBER FOR SHIP BUILDING, MAST MAKING,
AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
These improvements consist in preparing timber for ship building, mast
making, and other purposes, by charring the inner surfaces for the prevention
of mildew and rot; for which purpose, after the timber is cut out, I tako a
large iron roller, and having made it hot, I roll it over the surfaces of the
timber, which are to be placed in contact with each other, until they are
sufficiently charred, after which they may be put together and united in the

page_text: usual manner. In treating planks for ship building, two rollers may
advantageously be employed, the lower one being fixed and the upper one
moveable for convenience of heating; when the upper roller is heated and
placed above the lower one, the planks are passed between them, the inside
of the plank being placed in contact with the heated roller.
AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR THRASHING AND CLEANSING CORN OR GRAIN
Year: 1856

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Alfred Shaw at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th December
1856. A communication from Carlo Vai, of Turin.
I, GEORGE ALFRED SHAW, of 6, Dartmouth Row, Blackheath, in the County
of Kent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
MACHINE FOR THRASHING AND CLEANSING CORN OR GRAIN," a communication
rom Carlo Vai, of Turin, to be as follows:-
The Invention consists in the employment and use of a revolving fan,
having upon every blade or alternate blade a number of beaters, hinged or
jointed so as to act as flails. The sheaf of corn, &c., is opened out loosely
upon a gridded bed, and so laid thereon that all the ears containing the grain
come under the action of the beaters as the fan rotates. By this means tho
grain is thrashed out of the ears and falls on to a second grid or sifter below,
which at every revolution of the fan is jerked up and down, which causes the
grain alone to fall through into the trough below. Thus it becomes cleansed
and separated from the husks and other substances, which are carried off by
the winnowing process of the fan, and the sifter or grid retains any particles
of straw or other impurity.
The machine may be driven by any of the ordinary methods, either by hand
or steam power.