CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FABRICS OR TEXTURES TO BE USED IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Lund, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Gentleman, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF FABRICS OR TEXTURES TO BE USED IN THE CONSTRUCTION
OF UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS,"
Sealed the 16th August, 1859, and dated the 22nd February 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Lund at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd February 1859.
1, EDWARD LUND, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE. MANUFACTURE OF FABRICS OR TEXTURES TO BE USED IN THE
STRUCTION OF UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS," to be as follows:-
CON-
My Invention consists in so weaving or forming the fabric or texture to be
used in covering the frames of umbrellas and parasols that it shall be thicker
or contain stronger threads (or a greater number of threads) at those parts
which, by the repeated folding and unfolding of the fabric, from friction, or
from other causes, are the most likely to become worn or injured by use.
I do not confine the application of my Invention to any particular description
of fabric or texture to be used for the purpose of my Invention, but I intend
to apply it to fabrics or textures made of silk, cotton, linen, alpacca, or any
other material, or combination of materials used or employed in the con

page_text: struction of umbrellas and parasols, and to form the said thick portions of such
fabrics or textures by an increase in the number or strength of the thread of
either the warp or the wett, as may be found desirable; and a more detailed
description of my said Invention, and the particular method of carrying the
same into effect, will be described in my Complete Specification to be here-
.after filed.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Edward Lund. in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
18th August 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWARD
LUND, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of February, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-second year of
Her reign,did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Edward Luud, Her special license that I, the said Edward Lund,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Edward Lund, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully night make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Chaunel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVE.
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FABRICS OR TEXTURES TO BE USED IN THE CON-
STRUCTION OF UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS," upon the condition, amongst others,
that I, the said Edward Lund, by un instrument in writing under my band
and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar montlis
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edward Lund, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
(that is to say):-
My Invention consists in so weaving or forming the fabric or texture to be
used in covering the frames of umbrellas and parasols that it shall be thicker
or more substantial, or contain stronger threads, or a greater number of

page_text: threads at those parts which, by repeated folding and unfolding of the fabric,
from friction, or from other causes, are the most likely to become worn,broken,
or injured by use.
I do not confine the application of my Invention to anyparticulardescription
of fabric or texture to be used for the purpose of my Invention, but I intend
to apply it to fabrics or textures made of silk, cotton, linen, wool, or any other
material, or combination of materials, other than now in ase, which may or cau
be used or employed in the construction of umbrellas and parasols, and to
form the said thick or more substantial or more durable portions of such
fabrics or textures, by an increase in number or strength of the threads of
either the warp or the weft threads as may be found desirable, and thereby
increasing its durability in wearing.
r
In order that the Invention may be fully explained and more clearly under-
stood, I will proceed to shew the best methods with which I am at present
acquainted for thus rendering the silk or umbrella covering more durable in
certain required parts of its texture. The portions of the covering which arc
the most subject to friction,and most liable to wear, aud particularly requiring
the extra durability, and consequently the extra thickness, substance, or
tenacity of the material, are at about the longitudinal central line, or part of
each gore where the covering becomes folded, and at a point about one-half
the length of each gore, and in a transverse line around the circumference of
the umbrella where the "gets" or joints are formed between the "ribs" and
stretchers," and between the "stretchers" and the flange of the "runner,"
and whereby the covering becomes rubbed and worn. The methods of
effecting the required extra toughness, tenacity, or thickness at certain
required places are various, as, for instance, the warp or weft threads may be
increased in strength or in number, and woven thicker or closer together in
stripes where the folds occur, as before named, or the fabric may be woven
with a "twill" or stripe of what is known by weavers as "tweeled "cloth," or
"twilled" cloth, or may be woven as double cloth at such places similar to
stay cloth," so as to render such parts or stripes hollow and more elastic
and yielding, and consequently giving much less resistance to friction or wear;
or the outer side or surface of such fabric may be woven in loops and cut into
plush or velvet pile, which would be also ornamental when applied to parasols.
The increased resistance to wear may also be obtained by weaving such parts
as single or double "twill," or by cementing on to the fabric strips or ribands
of the same, or other suitable material, by means of india-rubber, or other
cement or varnish, or strips may be attached by sewing or other means; but
at present I-prefer to obtain the required result by altering the thickness or
C

page_text: increasing the number of the weft threads, and weaving or forming such
stripes or thicknesses as "tweeled cloth," or "twilled cloth " at anydetermined
distance from each other.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, together with the
method of performing the same, I would remark in conclusion that I claim
the above-named improvements in the manufacture of fabrics or textures to be
used in the construction of umbrellas and parasols by increasing the durability
of the fabric or texture employed, more particularly at about the central line
or part of each gore, or at certain other places where it is or may be subject
to the greatest amount of wear by friction, for the purpose of preserving such
portions of the umbrella or parasol covering from the extra amount of friction
and wear, and thereby rendering the umbrella covering available for use for a
longer time, or more durable than the plain single fabrics or textures hitherto
so employed.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Lund, have hereunto set my.
hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of August, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
EDWARD LUND. (L.8.)