matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN COATING IRON AND STEEL WIRE WITH OTHER METALS OR ALLOYS
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Johnson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th September
1854. A communication.
I, WILLIAM JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of Glasgow, North Britain, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COATING IRON AND STEEL
WIRE WITH OTHER METALS OR ALLOYS," communicated to me from Alexandré
Désiré Eugene Boucher and Adrien Muller, foreigners resident abroad, to
be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar arrangement of apparatus for effecting
the coating of iron or steel wire of all thicknesses with tin or zinc or metallic
alloys, by which arrangement the operation is accomplished with greater
regularity than hitherto, with economy in manual labor & material. One
great feature in the Invention is, that the wire is instantly cooled after leaving
the bath, a most essential point as regards the production of a good result, and
the prevention of all roughness on the surface of the wire when the operation
of coating is completed.
The machine for effecting the coating is capable of operating upon several
wires or lines of wire at one time, & may be varied in its dimensions according

page_text: to circumstances. The wires to be operated upon are wound upon vertical reels,
situated at one extremity of the machine. From these reels they pass through
a double vessel, containing a solution of double chloride of zinc & ammonia, or
a simple solution of chlorhydric acid diluted with water. The second portion
of this vessel serves to receive any acid which may drop from the wires after
immersion, and during their passage through cushions attached to the vessel.
From these cushions the wires proceed to the metal bath, whether of zinc or
tin, the molten metal being contained in a cast-iron or other suitable vessel
placed immediately over a furnace. On leaving this bath the wires are
entirely coated with metal, & they are then passed through two steel guage
plates, which remove any superabundant amount of metal, & produce the
smoothness of surface desired. The wires thus coated are then instantly cooled
by a number of jets of cold water, which arrangement is of very great advantage
in the process of tinning, as it materially improves the appearance of the work
by imparting a smoothness, brilliancy, and whiteness not hitherto obtained,
and preventing oxydation.
The water is applied by passing the wires through tubes, through which a
current of cold water is kept constantly flowing. After the cooling process
the wires are immediately dried, for which purpose they pass over or through
a series of bands or cushions, and thence into and through the series of tubes
which are enclosed in a metal casing, heated by the waste heat from the
furnace. After emerging from the drying chambers the wires are wound on
to drums.
It will be easily understood that if it is desired to harden the wires they
may be passed one or more times through the guage plates with soap suds or
fatty matter.
AN IMPROVED CLOTHES PEG
Year: 1854

page_text: ⚫ by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Taylor at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th July 1854.-
A communication.
I, JAMES TAYLOR, of Burnley, in the County of Lancaster, Cabinet Maker,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED CLOTHES
PEG," as communicated to me from abroad, to be as follows:-
I make two pieces of wood, metal, or other suitable material the shape or
configuration as shewn in the accompanying outline Drawing, and connect

page_text: them at the centre, as shewn at a, by a wire or any simple connection, and fix
a wire or spring between them, as shown at b; so that when the ends next the
spring are compressed, the other ends open, and, being fixed on the clothes
line, the said spring forces the extreme points together, and holds the clothes
firmly in their places.
ROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC PENS
Year: 1854

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th February
1854. A communication.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Tan Fickls, in the County of
Middlesex, and of Glasgow, North Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
METALLIC PENS," being a communication from the United States of America,
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiarity in the form of steel or other metallic
pens, whereby greater durability is obtained, accompanied with cheapness and
increased freedom of action. The improved pen consists of a flat piece of thin
metal formed with recesses or hollows on each side, for holding the ink; these
recesses communicate with the split in a similar n.anner to the opening of an
ordinary metallic pen. The shank or upper part of the pen is made slightly
tapered, for the facility of securing it effectually in its holder, which is of course
suitably formed to receive it. The nib or point of the en is ground and
finished up on both sides, so that each side may be used alternately, and if
desired, one side may be made with a broad nib and the other with a fine one,
to suit the taste of the writer; in such case the sides of the pen are marked to
indicate the sharp and broad nibs.
THE PURPOSE OF PREVENTING COLLISIONS ON RAILWAYS, WHICH I HAVE DESIGNATED 'GOSLING'S RAILWAY DANGER SIGNAL
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Gosling at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th February
1854.
I, WILLIAM GOSLING, of No, 4, Edward Street, Woolwich, in the County
of Kent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "THE PURPOSE
OF PREVENTING COLLISIONS ON RAILWAYS, WHICH I HAVE DESIGNATED 'GOSLING'S
RAILWAY DANGER SIGNAL," " to be as follows:-
To consist of a bell fixed in a locomotive engine or tender, rung by a lever
and pendulum, protected by springs and padding, and acted upon by striking a
stop fastened upon the sleeper of a railway. It is a danger signal to attach to
a locomotive engine or tender, which will warn the driver, and that indepen-
dent of any look out on his part or that of the guard, so that a collision cannot
possibly take place. It will work at all times and under all circumstances,
by day or by night, or in foggy weather, and, in fact, it is all which can
possibly be required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FACIA BOARDS, SIGN BOARDS, OR NAME BOARDS
Year: 1854

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Thorne and Samuel Lemon
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
18th September 1854.
We, GEORGE THORNE and SAMUEL LEMON, both of Fore Street, in the City of
London, Gas Light Furniture Manufacturers and Brass Founders, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FACIA BOARDS,
SIGN BOARDS, OR NAME BOARDS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in illuminating facia boards, sign boards, or name
boards for indicating the names or numbers of shops, buildings, streets, &c.
For this purpose we employ a series of what may be termed "fixed lanterns,"
with two, three, or more faces, each face bearing the same letter or numeral,
and the series of letters or numerals making up the word or number to be
indicated. We attach these lanterns to the fronts of shops, buildings, &c. at
such distances apart as to allow of the names or numbers being discernible
from any direction. We make the lanterns opaque or translucent, and the
letters or numerals transparent, and either plain or colored; or we reverse this
arrangement, and we illuminate the lanterns by having a gas or other light
in each of them. We also in some cases employ reflectors, so as to exhibit
the names or numbers with greater distinctness and effect.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TUNING KEYS FOR PIANOFORTES AND OTHER STRINGED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
Year: 1854

page_text: із Invention received froiisional Irotection, o notice to proceea win the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Williain Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th September 1854.-A communication.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TUNING KEYS FOR PIANOFORTES AND
OTHER STRINGED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS" to be as follows:-
This Invention of improvements in tuning keys for pianofortes consists in
combining the spindle of the handle with the socket which fits on to the pins
of the piano or other instrument by means of cog wheels or other suitable
gearing, so that the two shall have their axis in or nearly in the same line,
whilst the interposed gearing enables the handle of the key to turn faster than
the socket, and thus enable the tuner to turn the pins with facility, and hence
with great nicety, against the tension of the string, without the danger of bend-
ing over the pins or injuring the wooden sockets in which they are fitted. In
combination with the handle and socket provided with interposed gearing, as
above specified, it is proposed to employ a stop lever or arm projecting from n
plate, to which a portion of the gear is secured, so that the said lever or arm
may rest against some portion of the instrument to be tuned, and thus foru
a rest, for the facility of turning the handle and socket in the act of tuning.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BUTTONS
Year: 1854

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Kosman Rose at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd May
1854.
I, KOSMAN ROSE, of Commercial Road, Stepney, in the County of Middlesex,
Japanner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN BUTTONS" to be as follows:-
My said Invention relates to a peculiar construction of buttons, by means of
which I am enabled to attach them without stitching.
I punch out a disc of metal of the required form for the button head, and I
then cut through the same disc to form two small tongues of metal, one on
each side of a central portion of the metal, which centre must not be cut away.
These cuts, if continued from side to side of the button head, would make a
narrow oval or other like shaped aperture or slit, but as the centre portion
of the disc is allowed to remain, it affords a means for bending the two tongues
until they are at right angles with the under side of the button head, and
parallel to each other, with their pointed ends downwards, serving as the stem
of the button. If these tongues or points forming the stem are passed through
cloth, they may be made fast thereto by bending the pointed metal backwards
against the cloth; or previous to so bending, a small metal disc, perforated to
receive the tongues or points, may be placed over them, brought against the
cloth, and the metal tongues or points then pressed over such small disc
or shield for its better protection, and.producing a more finished article.

page_text: I do not limit myself to the number of these metal tongues, though two
will generally be sufficient, or to the metal of which they are formed, or to
the character or material of the button head, which may be variously orna-
mented and manufactured so as to conceal the apertures consequent on cutting
the points or tongues from the metal itself; neither do I restrict myself to
forming the points or tongues from the metal disc, as it is obvious they may be
attached by soldering, rivetting, cementing, or other means. Also, instead of
slitting the metal to form the tongues or points, a short central tube may be
formed out of the metal head or attached thereto, and its outer edge forced
over a flat metal ring by suitable punches, for securing it to any material.
And what I do claim as the novelty of my said Invention is, the providing a
metal stem or stems on the under side of the button, tubular, pointed, or other-
wise, to be passed through the cloth or other material to which the buttons are
to be attached, and securing the same thereto by pressing the ends of such
points or tongues or tube edge outwards from the centre, either against the
material or over small metal discs, shields, guards, or flat metal rings, or other
materials, thereby dispensing with the necessity of stitching such buttons.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CONNECTING AND SUPPORTING ARTIFICIAL TEETH
Year: 1854

page_text: by the Act.)
avent was not given within the time prescribed
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Gilbert at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st March 1854.
I, HENRY GILBERT, of Suffolk Street, Pall Mall East, in the County of
Middlesex, Dentist and Surgeon, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CONNECTING AND SUPPORTING ARTIFICIAL TEETH "
to be as follows:-
I cover springs of steel or other suitable material which are to be employed
for connecting and supporting the upper and lower sets of teeth with prepared
gutta percha or prepared india-rubber separately or combined. I also, in some
cases, apply a thin coating of gold by the electrotype process to the exterior of
the india-rubber or gutta percha covering. I also construct springs for the
above-mentioned purpose of steel covered by a thin coating of gold applied by
the electrotype process. I also construct springs for the above-mentioned
purpose, of solid or tubular form, of prepared india-rubber or gutta percha
separately or combined.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FORMATION OF ENVELOPES
Year: 1854

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hezekiah Edwards and James
Hodson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Peti-
tion, on the 2nd September 1854.
We, HEZEKIAI EDWARDS, of Islington, Commission Agent, and JAMES
HODSON, of the same Place, in the County of Middlesex, Warehouseman, do.
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
FORMATION OF ENVELOPES" to be as follows:-
The peculiarity of our said Invention consists in forming envelopes like a
paper bag, having one side open, the interior edge of which has an adhesive
coating, which, being wetted after inserting the intended enclosure, is secured
by pressing such damped adhesive edges together; or the same may have
two openings, or be in sheets, prepared for the requisite form to be used as
envelopes.
We sometimes prepare these envelopes with a fly leaf for writing upon,
which may be folded up, and, entering the opening of the envelopes, is closed
by damping and pressing the opposite gummed or sized edges.
Our said improvements consist in the bag-like form of the envelope, the
absence of the usual lip or flap for sealing wax, and in having both sides of

page_text: the envelopes equally suitable for receiving the address, one of which sides may
therefore be used for ornamental or advertising purposes. When desired, our
envelopes may have two openings, or be in sheets of suitable sizes, with their
edges ready gummed or sized for folding and closing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PROPELLERS, AND IN APPLYING THEM
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Buchanan at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st February
1854.
I, JOHN BUCHANAN, of Leamington Priors, in the County of Warwick, Gen-
tleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN PROPELLERS, AND IN APPLYING THEM," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of an improved form of propeiler, with the propelling
surfaces so placed as to give much greater effect with less consumption of
motive power, whether in sailing or propelling, in placing a frame with the
propeller, and so suspending the whole that they may be lowered together.
My improvements are as follows: -
First, the propelling surfaces are placed in or on the shaft in advance of
each other in line after the manner of a Venetian blind, and not in radial lines,
as heretofore, and the breadth of each surface need not exceed the thickness of
the main post of the vessel.
Second, a frame is placed either above or below, or both above and below
the propeller vertically; the propelling surfaces passing through it in such a
manner that light matters cannot wind round the axis to any disadvantageous
extent, and the propeller with the above-mentioned frame may be suspended in
an outer frame, which is so constructed and placed that the whole can be
lowered when required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OR METHOD OF COMMUNICATING SIGNALS ON RAILWAYS
Year: 1854

page_text: This invention received Provisional Protection, out notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Craig and Alfred Daniels
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 21st November 1854.
We, THOMAS CRAIG and ALFRED DANIELS, both of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Warehousemen, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OR METHOD OF COMMUNICATING
SIGNALS ON RAILWAYS" to be as follows:-
We propose to fix electro-magnetic apparatus on the lines of railways at
any required distances asunder, so that any train passing will act upon the
said apparatus, by means of a projecting bar or similar contrivance, acting
upon a cross slide or bolt communicating with the engine, the said commu-
nication either to open the whistle or shut off the steam. This signal, being
continuous on the line, will warn the persons in charge of the train of any
other train in advance of them.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BONNETS
Year: 1854

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Mary Ann Stevens at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with her Petition, on the 21st July 1854.
I, MARY ANN STEVENS, of West Derby Street, Liverpool, Milliner, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
BONNETS to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in applying hoods or shades
to bonnets, and consists of forming and applying hoods or shades to bonnets in
such manner that they may be made to recede within the bonnets, or shut up
to the edge or front of the bonnets.
For this purpose, the shado or hood is made with a wire or frame, corre-
sponding in form with the front of the bonnet; and the fabric of the shade or
hood is either made up on a frame, so as to retain its form and move back
into the interior of the bonnet on the wires or frame of the bonnet, or the fabric
may be made to pucker or go into small folds on the wires or frame of the
bonnet, and lie within the front of the bonnet, the shades or hoods being held
in position by springs or suitable instruments.
By these means bonnets may be made with hoods or shades, and admit of
more elegance of construction than when separate. Sun shades are fastened on
over the fronts of bonnets, as heretofore.
WORKING MACHINERY, PROPELLING VESSELS, AND FIRING GUNS
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Charles Edington at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
March 1854.
I, JAMES CHARLES EDINGTON, of 23, Leicester Square, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "WORKING
MACHINERY, PROPELLING VESSELS, AND FIRING GUNS," to be as follows:-
That a cylinder fitted with a piston is to be charged with a mixture of
carburetted hydrogen gas and atmospheric air, and by a light being applied
by means of a small valve at bottom of cylinder will raise the piston by the
expansive power of the mixture, and by after opening a valve at bottom it will
descend, and that for guns a chamber is to be made for the mixture, and dis-
charged by means of a light.
AN IMPROVE- MENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN BUTTONS, AND IN ATTACHING THE SAME TO ARTICLES OF DRESS
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Cox at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st January
1854.
I, THOMAS Cox, of Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford, Clothier's
Assistant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVE-
MENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN BUTTONS, AND IN ATTACHING THE SAME TO ARTICLES OF
DRESS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the use of gutta percha for making the shank or
attachment of buttons, and attaching the said button by the said shank or at-
tachment. In place of the shank of covered buttons, I connect a rod or cylinder
of gutta percha to the button, the said rod or cylinder being half an inch long,
or thereabouts. An eyelet hole or other hole is made in that part of the article
of dress where the button is to be attached, and the gutta percha cylinder or
shank of the button is passed through the said eyelet hole; that portion of the
said gutta percha shank which projects through the said article of dress is then
warmed until it is sufficiently soft to be easily moulded. It is then pressed by
the finger or otherwise, so as to flatten it into a head, which when cool firmly
secures the button to the garment. Although I have described my Invention
as applied to a covered button, yet the same may be applied to every description
of button. The advantages of my Invention are, that it is simple and economical
in construction, and easy and effective in its application.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF ORNAMENTAL FABRICS
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lewis Stirling Middleton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
May 1854.
I, LEWIS STIRLING MIDDLETON, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PRODUCTION OF ORNAMENTAL FABRICS " to
be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a system of manufacturing or producing ornamental
fabrics of what is generally understood by manufacturers as the "poncho-stuff""
class. According to the hitherto existing system of manufacture of such fabrics,
the goods are made by a routine of dyeing, warping, and weaving, either in
plain or harness looms. As produced in the plain loom, the ornamental portion
of the fabric is formed by the warp threads running along the piece in straight
stripes; in the harness loom a pattern is formed upon the stripes, which may
be varied, so as not to be confined to mere straight lines. In both these pro-
cesses there is the practical defect that no more than two colors can be used at
the same time; one thread of one color forming the pattern on one side of the
fabric, whilst the other thread of the other color reverses the pattern on the

page_text: opposite side of the fabric. Now, according to the present Invention, the body
or ground fabric is woven from yarns or threads of the color of the intended
ground of the piece; at the same time certain stripes or lines of grey or bleached
yarn are also woven in. Such fabric is finally ornamented by printing a pattern
or device on both sides or faces of the stripes, thus extending the application of
varieties of color.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Acland at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th June 1854.
I, JAMES ACLAND, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER" to be as follows:-
1. The separation of the fibrous portion of the roots of potato, parsnip,
carrot, and turnip, and of the roots, stems, and stalks of beet, mangold-wurzle,
chicory, and rhubarb.
2. The comminution, cleansing, and bleaching of such vegetable fibre,
singly or in combination.
3. The application of the pulp thus obtained, alone, or with an admixture
of rag pulp, in the manufacture of paper.
REVIVIFYING ANIMAL CHARCOAL THAT HAS ALREADY BEEN USED, AND OBTAINING BY A PECULIAR PROCESS PRUSSIATE OF POTASSE OR SODA FROM IT
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Marc Gustave Coste at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st
March 1854.
I, JEAN MARC GUSTAVE COSTE, residing at Passy, near Paris, in the
Empire of France, Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "REVIVIFYING ANIMAL CHARCOAL THAT HAS ALREADY BEEN USED, AND
OBTAINING BY A PECULIAR PROCESS PRUSSIATE OF POTASSE OR SODA FROM IT," to be
as follows:-
The Invention has for its object, first, the revivifaction of animal charcoal
which has been used in sugar refineries, &c., in order to render it again
serviceable, whether for the same or for other purposes; secondly, to extract
from such charcoal prussiate of potasse or soda. To obtain these results, I
employ the following chemical agents:-Potass or soda, about one part;
sulphate of iron, about one part; and animal charcoal (as above), ab 30 parts.
These ingredients or substances are to be well pulverized and exposed to the
action of caloric until they are calcined. They are then mixed with about 60
parts of water, subjected to ebullition for about half an hour, and then carefully
filtered and washed; this is twice repeated. After the last filtration the animal
charcoal is to be dried in a proper stove, and the liquid is to be evaporated, so
as to produce the prussiates in the crystallized form.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STENCH TRAPS
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Storey at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd May 1854.
I, THOMAS STOREY, of the Phoenix Foundry, Lancaster, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STENCH TRAPS " to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved construction of gully grate, which
acts as a stench trap, whereby a small evaporating surface is attained in con-
junction with a large cess box, and consists in the employment of an inclined
spout placed immediately under the grate and attached thereto by small rivets.
This spout consists of a dished plate, with an oblong opening in the centre,
formed with a mouth-piece underneath projecting into the cess box, and acting
when the latter is full, or nearly so, as a stench trap. The cess box is supported
in the gully frame or outer box by suitable brackets, and may be taken out for
the purpose of cleaning, when required. The water and dirt is conveyed down
the spout through the central opening into the cess box, whence it flows over
the sides and enters the service pipe, which may be a syphon or other arrange-
ment for trapping the stench.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN BRUSHES AND BROOMS
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Willoughby Theobald Monzani, of St. James's
Terrace, Bermondsey, in the County of Surrey, Gentleman, for the
Invention of "AN IMPROVEMENT IN BRUSHES AND BROOMS."
Sealed the 17th August 1854, and dated the 20th June 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Willoughby Theobald
Monzani at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 20th June 1854.
I, WILLOUGHBY THEOBALD MONZANI, of St. James's Terrace, Bermondsey,
in the County of Surrey, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the
Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN BRUSHES AND BROOMS" to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the application of vulcanized india-rubber
as an elastic material on those parts of brushes and brooms which in use are
liable to be moved or struck against skirtings and other parts of buildings and
places or things which are to be dusted or cleansed thereby. By which
application of vulcanized india-rubber, noise will be prevented in the use of
such brushes and brooms, and the skirtings and other parts of buildings,
places, or things will not be injured by the hard parts of brushes and
brooms as heretofore.
TAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN PRODUCING ORNAMENTAL SURFACES ON VELVET OR OTHER. HAIRY CLOTHS OR FABRICS
Year: 1854

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Auguste Mingaud at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
January 1854.
I, JOSEPH AUGUSTE MINGAUD, of St. Pons (Hérault), in the French Empire,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
TAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN PRODUCING ORNAMENTAL SURFACES ON VELVET OR OTHER.
HAIRY CLOTHS OR FABRICS" to be as follows:-
I pass the velvet or other fabric over a roller, in proximity to which is a
revolving cylinder having spirally curved blades upon it, which run close to a
fixed blade, and act as shears or scissors to cut the pile of the velvet or other
fabric. I produce designs or ornamental surfaces on the fabric by employing
an engraved roller, or a roller whose surface is higher or more prominent at
one part than another, whether such variations in the surface be produced by
engraving, or by the application of layers of varnish, or other suitable material,
or in whatever way such variations may be produced. The fabric being
stretched tight as it passes over the roller, is pressed into the depressions in
the roller, while other parts of it are forced out by the prominences on the

page_text: roller, and presented to the revolving shears. The pile is thus cut shorter or
longer at different parts, according to the pattern upon the roller. The pile
may be cut completely away so as to expose the body of the fabric at parts;
and various different effects may be produced by varying the colours of the pile
and the body of the fabric.
PRINTING SELF AND OTHER COLORS IN BAS-RELIEP OR RAISED WORK ON CHINA, EARTHENWARE, GLASS, PARIAN, STONEWARE, BRICKS, BLOCKS, TILES, QUARRIES, HARDWARE, JAPAN, AND PAPIER MACHE WARE
Year: 1854

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Venables and Arthur Mann
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
5th July 1854.
We, JOHN VENABLES and ARTHUR MANN, both of Burslem, in the County of
Stafford, Earthenware Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "PRINTING SELF AND OTHER COLORS IN BAS-RELIEP OR RAISED
WORK ON CHINA, EARTHENWARE, GLASS, PARIAN, STONEWARE, BRICKS, BLOCKS,
TILES, QUARRIES, HARDWARE, JAPAN, AND PAPIER MACHE WARE," to be as
follows:-
We take plates of wood, stone, metal, or other hard material, and carve or
engrave them much deeper and broader than has hitherto been in use, by
which means we get a much greater body of the matter used, and so produce
the bas-relief or raised work upon the articles to which the same is applied.
We afterwards rub into the said plates the self or other colors to be printed
and transferred on the above-named wares, until the carved or engraved parts
are filled with the same. We then lay a soft fabric of
We then lay a soft fabric of paper or cloth upon the
plates, and subject the same to a degree of pressure, by which means the self
or other colors are deposited on such fabric. The fabric, with the pattern or
device thereon, is then laid upon the ware and gently rubbed, whereby the
pattern or device is transferred and fixed upon the ware in bas-relief or raised
work.
A NEW AND USEFUL FABRIC FOR BOOT AND SHOE SOLES, MACHINE BANDING, AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Auguste Edouard Loradoux Bell-
ford at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition
on the 1st April 1854.-A communication.
I, AUGUSTE EDOUARD LORADOUX BELLFORD, of 16, Castle Street, Holborn,
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"A NEW AND USEFUL FABRIC FOR BOOT AND SHOE SOLES, MACHINE BANDING, AND
OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows, and consists of saturating cotton duck,
canvas, or other woven fabric with a compound of gutta percha, pitch, resin,
& fatty or oleaginous matter, of gutta percha & coal tar, or gutta percha and
any pitchy or bituminous matter, and employing it either in a single piece or
in two or more pieces cemented together by the compound with which it is
saturated, either with or without a layer of saturated loose fibrous material
between the several thicknesses. The fabric thus produced is suitable for the
soles of boots and shoes, and other purposes to which leather is applied. The
compound I employ consists of gutta percha & what is known as shoemaker's
wax, or a mixture of pitch, resin, & fatty or oleaginous matter; the gutta
percha treated in this manner penetrates between the fibres of the woven
fabric. In some cases, the addition of spirits of turpentine may be necessary
to perfectly dissolve the gutta percha.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MANUFACTURING VARNISH
Year: 1854

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Ford at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th February 1854.
I, ALFRED FORD, of No. 44, Lowndes Street, Belgrave Square, in the
County of Middlesex, Surgeon, do hereby declare the nature of my Inven-
tion for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MANUFACTURING VARNISH"
lows:-
My Invention consists in employing the article or composition known in
commerce as Burgundy pitch, dissolved in turpentine, purified or otherwise,
or in drying oil, as the basis of my varnish, either in the state in which it is
found in the shops, or decolorized by the following process, viz. :-Burgundy
pitch, so called, dissolved in an alkaline solution, and then precipitated by
sulphuric acid.
I also use in the same varnish white or impure oxide of zinc and acetate
of lead, which I mix together in such proportions as are best suited to the
application I wish to make of it, and I prepare the whole in the usual way.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MANGLES
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Chalmers at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th February
1854.
I, ALEXANDER CHALMERS, of Dundee, Scotland, Blacksmith, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MANGLES" to
be as follows:-
My Invention consists in regulating the elastic pressure applied to the rollers
used in mangles, by means of a spiral spring fitted on each side of the machine
below the rollers, and made to act upon them with more or less elastic force
through the agency of a bar or link worked by an adjusting screw.
The spindles of the pressing rollers work in slots in the ordinary standards of
the machine, and there is a bar or link which is hooked on, or otherwise applied
to each end of the spindle of the upper roller, and may be acted upon at its
lower part by a screw nut, so as to be drawn downwards by it, the spring at
the same time being compressed and giving more or less of elasticity to the
pressure of the said bar or link upon each end of the spindle of the upper
roller.
By this means the required pressure may be applied to the rollers, such
pressure being regulated by turning the screw nut on the screwed end of the
bar or link on each side of the machine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING TEXTILE FABRICS AND OTHER SURFACES
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Russell Brown at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th February
1854.
I, SAMUEL RUSSELL BROWN, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING TEXTILE FABRICS AND OTHER SURFACES " to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to a system of relief or surface printing, more especially
applicable for printing muslins and other goods with outline devices or figures,
which are to be worked or embroidered by a subsequent operation, in the pro-
duction of what are technically known as "sewed muslins." The pattern or
device is primarily produced in intaglio, in wood or other material, by the use
of "Wright's mould making machine," or other contrivance suitable for pro-
ducing sunk figures. This forms the mould or matrix, from which a cast is
taken in type metal, gutta percha, or other material, the casting or counterpart
so produced being in the form of a flat plate, with the pattern in the relief
upon it. These relief or surface printing plates are then bent round a roller or
curved surface, and attached thereto to produce the relief printing roller or
cylinder. The muslin or other goods are then printed by such roller according
to any of the existing systems of roller or cylinder printing. A convenient
arrangement for such a purpose is that in which the framing consists of two

page_text: upright standards, having vertical slots in which are adjustable bearings for the
feed, printing, and counter pressure rollers. These are placed in a vertical line,
the printing roller being in the centre, the feed roller above, and the counter
pressure roller below; or the counter pressure roller may be above and the
feed roller below. The color may be either simply brushed on to the feed
roller, which is covered with a suitable absorbent material, or it may be sup-
plied to it from a trough by means of a feeding cloth, .or by an intermediate
roller or rollers. This machine may be worked by a winch handle fitted
on the spindle of one of the rollers, or by means of gearing, connecting it with
any prime mover.
A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF CONSUMING OR SUPPRESSING SMOKE, AND OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER THEREPROM
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Arrowsmith at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th July 1854.
I, JOHN ARROWSMITH, of Bilston, in the County of Stafford, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED
METHOD OF CONSUMING OR SUPPRESSING SMOKE, AND OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER
THEREPROM," to be as follows:-
I draw the heated air and smoke from steam boiler and other furnaces and
fires, by means of an exhausting pump or fan, or by the draft of a large
chimney, or in any other convenient way, and cause the same to pass through
and over one or more coke fires, whereby the said smoke becomes so heated
that it combines with the oxygen of the air with which it is mixed, and the
heat thus obtained may be used to heat a steam boiler, or for other purposes.
If there is not sufficient air mixed with the smoke I mix more air therewith;
or the smoke and air mixed with it may be passed through a heated tube or
chamber, and made to combine or directed upon a lighted jet of coal gas for
that purpose. In large manufactories and buildings I make a large central
tower or chimney, into which I make the flues from the various furnaces and
fires open, the ascending current of heated air in the said tower or chimney
producing sufficient draft to draw the smoke into the same. I cause the smoke

page_text: to be burned by any of the methods described between the furnaces or fires
producing it and the tower or chimney. I also apply the same method to
suppress the smoke in towns and villages; that is to say, I make large towers
or chimnies at suitable intervals, and connect the various fires and furnaces
therewith by means of flues laid under ground, after the manner of water or
gas pipes or sewers, and provide a suitable means of communication at each
furnace or fire-place.
Although I have described the use of pumps or fans to draw the smoke from
the fire producing it, and force it through the furnace or other source of heat
by which it is burned, yet in the case of the large chimney or tower described,
into which the burned smoke of many fires enters, not only is no pump or fan
required, but the force of the ascending current of heated air in the said tower
or chimney may be used as a source of motive power.
For this purpose, I
introduce fans or vanes or other suitable machines at any convenient point or.
points of the said tower or chimney, or in the flues connected therewith, which
fans or vanes or machines are actuated by the ascending current of air, and the
motion communicated thereto may be used for any of the purposes to which
the same may be applicable.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS FOR DISTRIBUTING TYPE
Year: 1854

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Haslett Mitchel at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th September 1854.
I, WILLIAM HASLETT MITCHEL, of Brooklyn, in the County of Kings and
State of New York, in the United States of America, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS FOR DISTRIBUTING
TYPE" to be as follows:-
I cause a follower to be propelled back and forth on slides, and on this
follower is a hook, that is connected or disconnected from a shuttle, so that the
said shuttle is left stationary when required, while the follower completes its
motion in its slides. The type, as they are in line, are placed in a groove at
right angles to the motion of the shuttle and follower, and the first type in the
said line lies close to the surface of the shuttle, but does not touch the same,
being blocked by an arm or stop that passes through the shuttle in a groove
sufficiently long to allow the shuttle to move, and on to this stop a wire is con-
nected, which the follower takes at its extreme motion, pulling it away and
letting one type into a vertical groove in the shuttle. The face of the said
shuttle is provided with as many grooves as there are type to be distributed;
hence, each groove must be the required depth to contain its appropriate type.
What has therefore to be done is, to disconnect the follower and shuttle at tho

page_text: point when the groove designed for the first type in the line comes opposite to
the said type, thereby the shuttle is left stationary to receive the same. This
operation of removing the hook that connects the follower and shuttle is
effected by grooves or notches which are cut in the vertical top edge of the
said type, which take a series or combination of levers in the shuttle, raising
some above the surface, while others are depressed below the surface of the
shuttle. These levers raise a series of catches as the shuttle is drawn along
until they come opposite the catch that has notches filed in it, corresponding
with the given combination or permutation of the levers. This catch, not being
raised, disconnects the follower from the shuttle, and the type is deposited in
the corresponding groove, and carried away by the shuttle in its backward
motion, and when the shuttle has arrived at the extreme point of motion a
plate on which the bottom of the type had been resting is withdrawn, and the
type falls into the corresponding groove of a series of horizontal grooves,
in which each separate letter is set up in line as it drops down from the
shuttle..
My claims on this Invention are to the means of stopping the shuttle at
the right point, as indicated by grooves in the body of the type itself; also
depositing the said type in the shuttle; and, lastly, to dropping the said type
in a corresponding groove in which it is set up in line.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WRITING APPARATUS
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John George Taylor at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th January
1854.
I, JOHN GEORGE TAYLOR, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN WRITING APPARATUS" to be as follows:-
This Invention relates in the first place to a novel arrangement of ever
pointed pencil, or adjustable writing or marking instrument. The main shell
or barrel of the instrument is of tubular metal, and has an external spiral
groove formed upon it, as in existing holders of this class made in wood. This
screw or spiral groove is formed by rolling or pressure, or it may be cut. The
tube is slit through longitudinally for the passage of the propeller, which has
only one prominence upon it, and this prominence is quite covered up by the
external screw traverser, which has an internal ring groove formed in it to
receive and cover up the prominence.
In this way the barrel is kept quite clear of projections, and the single
prominence and ring groove enable the screw traverser to set the pencil or
marking point either back or forward.
The holding point of the barrel screws off, or is removeable at pleasure, for
the deposit in the barrel of the leads or writing substances.
In the second place the ink stand or holder is arranged with an elastic cover
piece of india rubber, or similar material, contrived to completely cover up the
ink. Through the centre of this elastic diaphragm a small aperture is made

page_text: for the entrance of the pen in passing down to the ink, and as this aperture
fits to and embraces the pen the latter is always kept clean and free from
superfluous ink. And to give this elastic cover a better effect it is made in
two or more layers set one upon the other, and each slitted through at right
angles to one another, so that the pen is more closely embraced.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN LOCKS AND KEYS
Year: 1854

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Lewis Jones at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st July 1854.
I, ROBERT LEWIS JONES, of Chester, in the County of Chester, Railway
Manager, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LOCKS AND KEYS" to be as follows:-
I construct locks, and the keys belonging to them, in such manner that
when the key is inserted and its handle turned round in the ordinary manner,
the key is separated into two portions, one of which (which I call the "bit,")
enters a chamber or box, while the other part, which includes the stem and
handle of the key, turns round in the ordinary manner. Before introducing
the key the aforesaid chamber is completely closed on all sides, except the
front, so that no instrument can be introduced to feel the tumblers or pick the
lock. When the key is introduced, the motion of the handle of the key is
made to detach it from the bit, and at the same time to cover up the front
opening of the chamber. The continuance of the motion of the handle is
then made to open another part of the chamber, and allow the tumblers to
come in contact with the bit. The bit being made with suitable notches, in
the ordinary manner, the tumblers are thus brought into their proper positions,
and the continued motion of the handle of the key is made to throw the bolt
of the lock forward or backward, as the case may be. The motion of the

page_text: handle is continued until it has made a complete revolution and returned to
its original position, in doing which it again removes the tumblers from the
bit, closes the chamber, and then opens its front; the bit then becomes again
attached to the stem and handle, and is withdrawn. The operation of locking
and unlocking is therefore the same as with an ordinary lock.