IMPROVEMENTS IN CUTLERY, EDGE TOOLS, AGRICULTURAL AND OTHER IMPLEMENTS
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Archibald Munro, of Arbroath, in the County of
Forfar, North Britain, and William Bennet Adamson, of Glasgow,
in the County of Lanark, North Britain, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CUTLERY, EDGE TOOLS, AGRICULTURAL AND OTHER
IMPLEMENTS."
Sealed the 14th April 1870, and dated the 20th October 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Archibald Munro and
William Bennet Adamson at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 20th October 1869.
We, ARCHIBALD MUNRO, of Arbroath, in the County of Forfar, North
Britain, and WILLIAM BENNET ADAMSON, of Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CUTLERY, EDGE TOOLS, AGRICULTURAL AND OTHER IMPLE-
MENTS," to be as follows; that is to say :-
This Invention, which relates to improvements in edge tools, agri-
cultural and other implements, such as the several articles known as
cutlery, tools for cutting iron and other metals, tools for cutting wood,

page_text: masons' and plasterers' trowels, shovels, spades, tools for cutting and
dressing stone, implements of husbandry, and other similar articles,
consists in forging or forming the articles comprised under the above-
mentioned classes in malleable iron and case hardening them; the
effect of this treatment being to convert the outer surfaces into steel to
any required depth, whilst the central or intermediate part or parts
remain in the state or condition of malleable iron, so that by means of
this Invention articles of the above-mentioned classes which have
hitherto been made of steel or malleable iron solely are by this means
constructed so as to possess the hardness and cutting qualities and
durability of steel in combination with the tenacious and ductile pro-
perties of malleable iron.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Archibald Munro and William Bennet Adamson
in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 19th April 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, ARCHIBALD
MUNRO, of Arbroath, in the County of Forfar, North Britain, and
WILLIAM BENNET ADAMSON, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent bearing date the Twentieth day of October, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-
third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto us, the said Archibald Munro and William Bennet
Adamson, Her special license that we, the said Archibald Munro and
William Bennet Adamson, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as we, the said Archibald Munro and William Bennet
Adamson, our executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CUTLERY, EDGE TOOLS, AGRICULTURAL AND OTHER IMPLE-
MENTS,' upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said
Archibald Munro and William Bennet Adamson, by an instrument in

page_text: writing under our hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Archibald Munro and William
Bennet Adamson, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement, that is
to say:-
Our said Invention, which relates to improvements in edge tools,
agricultural and other implements, such, for example, as the several
articles known under the term cutlery, tools for cutting iron and other
metals, tools for cutting wood, masons' and plasterers' trowels, shovels,
spades, and other similar articles, consists in forging or forming the
articles comprised under the above-mentioned classes in malleable iron
and case hardening them.
And in order that our said Invention may be properly understood, we
now proceed to describe more particularly the nature thereof, that is
to say-
Our Invention consists in constructing edge tools, agricultural and
other implements, such, for example, as the various articles included
under the term cutlery, tools for cutting iron and other metals, tools for
cutting wood, masons' and plasterers' trowels, spades, shovels, and other
similar articles of malleable iron, and thereafter case hardening them,
the effect of which treatment is to convert the outer surface into steel of
any required depth, whilst the centre or intermediate part or parts
remain in the state or condition of malleable iron, so that by means of
this Invention articles of the above-mentioned classes which have
hitherto been made of steel or malleable iron solely are constructed so
as to possess the hardness, durability, and cutting qualities of steel in
combination with the tenacious and ductile properties of malleable iron.
In cases where the articles to be treated consist of thin strips or sheets
of malleable iron they may be similarly hardened throughout in lieu of
being case hardened only, as herein-before described.
Having now described the nature of our said Invention, we would
observe in conclusion that under the head of "shovels " we do not

page_text: include such ornamental shovels as are used for domestic purposes; but
what we consider novel and original, and therefore claim as the Inven
tion secured to us by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,
the case hardening or complete hardening of such tools or implements as
are herein-before enumerated.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Bennet Adamson, on
behalf of the said Archibald Munro and of myself; have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of April One thousand
eight hundred and seventy.