IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS FOR BURNING LIMESTONE CEMENT AND BRICKS AND FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES to be as follows
Year: 1884

page_text: We SAMUEL DE LA GRANGE WILLIAMS of Malvern in the County of Worcester
Lime Merchant and JAMES ALFRED BERESFORD BENNETT of Llyndale King's
Heath in the County of Worcester Science Teacher do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS FOR BURNING LIMESTONE
CEMENT AND BRICKS AND FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES to be as follows:-
"
Our invention consists in constructing and arranging the parts of kilns for
burning limestone cement and bricks and for other like purposes in the manner
hereinafter described whereby the said kilns are adapted for use with gaseous fuel
that is the mixture of carbonic oxide and nitrogen obtained by the imperfect
combustion of coal or coke or the vapour of solid or liquid volatile hydro-carbons
such for example as coal shale petroleum and the like mixed with air.
We will describe our invention in connection with a lime kiln.
We construct and arrange the parts of the lime kiln in the following manner.
In the body of the kiln we construct one or more vertical hollow columns, closed at
top and bottom. These columns have large openings in their sides at different
levels which openings are fitted with reticulated or finely perforated plates. The
said hollow columns and plates are made of fire clay or other refractory material.
Within each of the said hollow columns and situated axially therein is a tube of
fire clay or other refractory material closed at top and bottom. The said inner
tube is provided with a series of lateral openings or jets equal in number to and
opening opposite or nearly opposite the perforated plates respectively in the outer
fire clay hollow column.
The combustible gas or vapour is supplied to the inner tube under pressure and
atmospheric air preferably also under pressure is supplied to the annular space
between the inner tubo and the exterior fire clay hollow column. The jets of
combustible gas or vapour mixed with air are projected through the perforated
plates described into that portion of the body of the kiln containing the lime-stone
to be burnt. The gaseous mixture is there ignited and the flame permeating the
charge of limestone raises it to the heat at which it parts with its carbonic acid
and becomes quick-lime.

page_text: The pipes or conduits through which the inflammable gas or vapour and
atmospheric air are respectively supplied are provided with valves or dampers by
which their relative proportions can be determined with the required accuracy.
Our invention is especially applicable to lime kilns of the kind commonly called
running kilns that is kilns which may be worked uninterruptedly limestone being
cbarged into the kiln at its top which limestone during its descent is by the action
of heat converted into quicklime which is removed at bottom. Our invention is
however applicable to all kinds of lime kilns.
The application of our invention to kilns for burning cement and bricks and to
kilns for other like purposes differs in no essential respect from its application to a
lime kiln as herein before described.
Dated this twenty fourth dox of Tona 1001.

page_text: WO SAMUEL DE LA GRANGE WILLIAMS of Malvern in the County of Worcester
Lime Merchant and JAMES ALFRED BERESFORD BENNETT of Llyndale Kings
Heath in the County of Worcester Science Teacher do hereby declare the nature
of the said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN KILNS FOR BURNING LIMESTONE
CEMENT AND BRICKS AND FOR OTHER LIKE PURPOSES and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :--
"
Our invention consists in constructing and arranging the parts of kilns for
burning Limestone cement and bricks and for other like purposes in the manner
hereinafter described whereby the said kilns are adapted for use with gaseous fuel
that is the admixture of carbonic oxide and nitrogen obtained by the imperfect
combustion of coal or coke or the vapour of solid or liquid volatile bydro-carbons
such for example as coal, shale petroleum and the like mixed with air.
We will describe our invention in connection with a lime kiln, and in order that
the mode of carrying out our invention may be the better understood we attach
the drawings Figure I and Figure II respectively representing a cross section and
a longitudinal section the same lettors being used to represent the same or like
parts on each drawing-We construct and arrange the parts of the lime kiln in the
following manner-In the body of the kiln we construct one or more vertical
hollow columns K. of fire-brick or other material capable of resisting a high
temperature and closed at top and bottom.
These columns have large openings D. in their sides arranged either in rings or
spiral or otherwise so as to produce an even distribution of thein and consequently
of the masses of flame over the column K.
The openings D. have fitted into them boxes shewn more fully in Figures III.
and 1V. made of iron or fire-clay or other refractory material and constructed
either as in Figure 11I. where that portion fixed into the wall of the column is
open, or as in Figure IV. where a number of bars are cast in the box-By fitting
into the box (Figure III.) a number of bricks such as are commonly known as
splits "except that at each end the "splits" are made a little thicker, in order to
leave spaces through which the mixture of gas and air may pass in order to be
burned on the surface, or as in Figure IV. where the bars of the box are alternated
with the fireclay plates, in this case the plates are better made of the shape shewn
in Figuro IV. a.
EE
The openings D. may also be filled with one or more perforated fire-clay masses
as shewn in Figure 1Vb, within the hollow column K. and situated axially therein
is a tube A. of iron or fireclay or other material, capable of resisting a high
temperaturo closed at top and communicating at bottom with the gas supply—this
tube A. is provided with a series of lateral openings and nozzles B. equal in number
to and opening within the tubes C. as shewn.

page_text: The combustible gas or vapour is supplied to the tube A. under pressure, and
atmospheric air preferably also under pressure is supplied to the annular space a. a.
between the tube A. and the exterior fire-clay hollow column K.
The jets of combustible gas or vapour mixed with air are projected through the
perforated plates described into that portion of the body of the kiln containing the
lime-stone to be burnt-The gascous mixture is there ignited and the flame
permeating the charge of limestone raises it to the heat at which it parts with its
carbonic acid and becomes quick-lime.
The pipes or conduits through which the inflammable gas or vapour and
atmospheric air are respectively supplied are provided with valves or dampers by
which their relative proportions can be determined with the required accuracy.
Our invention is especially applicable to limekilns of the kind commonly called
running kilns, that is kilns which may be worked uninterruptedly, limestone being
charged into the kiln at its top, which limestone during its descent is by the action
of heat converted into quick-lime, which is removed at bottom-Our invention is
however applicable to all kinds of lime-kilns.
The application of our invention to kilns for burning cement and bricks and to
kilns for other like purposes differs in no essential respect from its application to
a lime-kiln as herein before described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed wo declare that what
we claim is
The improvements in the method of constructing and arranging the parts of
kilns for burning limestone, cement and bricks and for other liko purposes by
which combustible Gas or vapour may be employed substantially as described.
Dated this 01at dev of March 1885