Improvements in Apparatus for the Manufacture of Tiles.
Year: 1897

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for the Manufacture of Tiles.
I, THOMAS DALTON, of Weetwood, in the City of Leeds, Solicitor, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows;-
It has for its object the formation of what is known as an undercut in the back
of a tile so that the tile may be keyed to its bed and not held merely by adhesion.
It consists essentially of a revolving cutter mounted on a flexible arm attached to
a revolving spindle and working above a table. After a tile has been pressed and
before it is burned it is placed on the table and the cutter is bent down upon it by
suitable means and undercuts the tile in proportion to the degree of bending of
the cutter arm. Two cutters may be used at the same time and operated by the
same spindle and made to undercut in opposite directions or two or more spindles
may be used with a flexible arm and a cutter upon each.
My apparatus may be attached to the pressing table if preferred so as to under-
cut the tile before it leaves the press box and it may be mounted on a swivelling
arm if desired.
A modified form in which a revolving cutter such as is intended to be used
with the aforesaid apparatus may be used is as follows:-The cutter may be
mounted on a shaft to be held in the hands by each end. A driving pulley is
mounted on the same shaft between side shields to protect the driving band from
contact with the cutter. An elastic driving band is used. A resting place is pro-
vided for the cutter when not being used. When a tile is ready for cutting the
shaft is taken between the hands and the cutter pressed down upon the tile at any
desired angle and place.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for the Manufacture of Tiles.
I, THOMAS DALTON, of Weetwood, in the City of Leeds, Solicitor, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following state-
ment: :-
It has for its object the formation of what is known as an undercut in the back
of a tile so that the tile may be keyed to its bed and not held merely by cohesion.
It consists essentially of a revolving cutter fixedly or loosely mounted on the end
of a flexible arm attached to a revolving spindle or mounted on a revolving spindle
Price 8d 1

page_text: 15 is an adjustable bearing for supporting one side of the crosshead, and to which
the crosshead is attached by means of a circular groove and pins as shown. 16 is
the adjustable bearing on the opposite side secured by nut and washer through
which passes the spindle 17 to which a handle 18 is attached at the front for the
purpose of directing the cutter a. 19 is a set screw and nut for regulating the
travel of the cutter. 20 is a shield secured to the crosshead by a screw.
holding down bolts. 23 and 22 are respectively a guage plate and screw for regulat-
ing the position of the tile during undercutting.
21 are
Referring to Fig. 8, a are the cutters as in previous figures. 24 is a shaft and 25
are handles for holding the apparatus in the hands. 26 is a pulley mounted on
the shaft 24 for giving motion thereto protected by a shield 27, in the front end
of which is an aperture 27°, through which the driving band passes and by which
the shield is prevented from revolving. An elastic driving band is used and a
resting place is provided for the apparatus when not being used. When a tile is
ready for cutting the shaft is taken between the hands and the cutter pressed down
upon the tile at any desired angle and place. Instead of a solid shaft a flexible
shaft may be used or the central portion carrying the pulley may be attached to
cutters and the handles by universal joints.
Referring to Figs. 9, 10 and 11. 1 is the table and a are the cutters as in
previous figures. 28 is a main bracket and 28" an overhanging bracket adapted
to move in vertical guides and be secured in position by a plate 31 and nut 32
and operated by the screw 29 and handle 30. 29" is a plate for keeping the screw
in position. The overhanging bracket 28" carries a rocking cross head 33 with an
enlarged cavity 33" in the centre to receive the driving pulley 26. The cavity
is cut away at the back as shown in the sectional end elevation Fig. 10 to permit
the driving belt 34 to pass through and around the driving pulley. 35 is a journal
carrying the rocking crosshead 33, and provided at its outer end with
a lever 36 in front secured by nut 37. 38 are holding down bolts.
39 are radial parts having feet 40 through which pass bolts 41 for attaching
them to the overhanging bracket 28". 42 are stops adjustable in the slots 43 for
regulating the travel of the cutters. 20 are shields.
Referring to Figs. 12 and 13. 1, 18, 19, 20, 22, 23, a and T. represent like parts
as are thus referred to in Figs. 6 and 7. 44 is a combined guide bracket and head
the head carrying the driving pulley 45 formed in one with a hollow spindle and
held in position by nut 46. 47 is an inner spindle provided with a key way to
permit lateral travel within the hollow spindle and provided at its outer end with
à pin and washer 48. To the opposite end of the inner spindle a flexible arm 49
is attached which passes through the cross head 50 in which it is secured, against
sliding out during bending, by a collar 51 and pin and washer 52. The outer end
of the flexible arm carries the cutter "a." 53 is a spring attached at one end to
the stud 54 and at the other to the handle 18 for the purpose of holding the cross-
head in horizontal position when not undercutting. 55 are holding down bolts.
The remainder of the figure is obvious.
Referring to Figs. 14 and 15. 1 is the table and a are the cutters. 56 is a main
5 bracket provided with slots 57 and 58 for adjusting the gear. Each cutter is
formed with a hollow boss 59. The boss of one cutter projects into a bracket 60 into
which it is secured by pins within a circular groove, so as to be capable of free
revolution. The boss of the other cutter is keyed to the solid end of the flexible
arm and is held in position by pin and washer. The brackets 60 are also secured
0 by pin and circular groove on so as to partially revolve upon the pin 61, the pin
being held in position by nut and washer 62. 63 is a flexible arm passing through
the hollow boss of the first mentioned cutter and is provided with a key way so as
to permit a certain amount of travel therein during bending. On each bracket 60
is fixed a lever 64 connected to links 65 suspended from the end of a hand lever 66,
5 held in position by stud 67 sliding within the slot 58. The rest of these figures
is obvious.
Referring to Figs. 16 and 17. 1 is the table and a are the cutters. 68 is a main

page_text: bracket and 69 is a small bracket for supporting the driving pulley 70. To each
end of the spindle of the driving pulley is secured a flexible arm 71 extending
into the hollow boss of the cutters a and provided with a keyway for the purpose
of revolving the cutters whilst having a lateral movement within the boss. The
flexible armis 71 are provided at their outer ends with a pin and washer 72 to keep
them in position within their respective bosses. Each cutter boss revolves within
a bracket formed solid with or mounted upon a pin and guide block 74 sliding
obliquely in the slots 73, and held in position by nut and washer 75. The guide
blocks are controlled by suitable links attached to a hand lever similar to those
shown in Figs. 14 and 15. The rest of these figures is obvious.
In all cases where the cutter is operated through the medium of a bracket suitable
guides may be fixed upon the operating table against which the tile may be held
during the undercutting and whereby the position of the undercuts may be deter-
mined and be the same on each table. But obviously if preferred one guide only
may be used and the tile may be pushed across and undercut from side to side.
I have described my invention with reference to tiles only but it is also applicable
to bricks and other articles.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:
1. As applied to the manufacture of tiles for walls ceilings and other purposes
made with undercut cavities in the backs thereof the method of producing such
undercut cavities by the use of a revolving cutter substantially as described.
2. As applied to such manufacture as in Claim 1 mentioned and for the purpose
of producing such undercuts as aforesaid the use of a revolving cutter mounted upon
a flexible arm, whether fixedly as in Figs. 1 and 2 or 12 and 13, or loosely as in
Figs. 16 and 17 or partly in one and partly in the other way as in Figs. 14 and 15
substantially as described.
3. As applied to such manufacture as in Claim 1 mentioned the use of a revolving
cutter mounted upon a shaft provided with handles to be held in the hand and
provided also with a driving pulley operated by an elastic driving band for the
purpose and substantially as herein before and in the drawings described.
4. As applied to such manufacture as in Claim 1 mentioned the use of a revolving
cutter mounted upon a spindle supported by a rocking or other bracket by means
whereof the cutter may be lowered and directed and made to produce such under-
cut cavities as aforesaid substantially as hereinbefore and in the drawings Figs. 6
and 7 or 9 to 11 alternatively described.
5. As applied to such manufacture as in Claim 1 mentioned and for the purpose
of producing such undercuts as therein mentioned the use of a revolving circular
cutter formed and operated substantially as hereinbefore and in the drawings
described.
6. As applied to such manufacture as in Claim 1 mentioned the general arrange-
ment and combination of parts as or substantially as hereinbefore and in Figs. 1
and 2, or in Figs. 6 and 7, or in Fig. 8, or in Figs. 9 to 11, or in Figs. 12 and 13
or in Figs. 14 and 15, or in Figs. 16 and 17 of the drawings severally and alter-
natively described for the purpose of producing such undercut cavities as aforesaid.
Dated this 2nd day of August 1898.