Improvements in and applicable to Burners for Incandescent Lighting.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 12th July, 1895--Accepted, 23rd Nov., 1895
J
Improvements in and applicable to Burners for Incandescent
Lighting.
I, EMIL HEINRICH CONRAD OEHLMANN, of 131, Linienstrasse, Berlin, in the
German Empire, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to improvements in burners for incandescent light and has
for object to provide means whereby the mixture of air and gas can be heated in the
mixing chamber before ignition and, in the case of lamps in which the gas or vapour
is formed in the lamp itself from volatile liquid materials, such as spirit, benzine and
the like, to provide means also whereby the said gas or vapour may be conducted
with facility to the mixing chamber.
To enable my invention to be fully understood I will describe the same by
reference to the accompanying drawing, which shews my invention applied by. way
of example to a spirit lamp and in which :-
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of the lamp:
Figure 2 is a cross section on the line x-x of Figure 1:
Figure 3 is a similar section to Figure 2 shewing the application to the lamp of a
double vaporizer:
Figure 4 shews a modification of my improvements.
For the purpose of heating the mixture of gas or vapour and air in the mixing
chamber before ignition, I provide a rod 6 of metal or any other suitable material
which is a good conductor of heat, the said rod being arranged so that it passes
from the top a of the burner A into the mixing chamber B, its lower end either
forming, as shewn in Figure 1, part of the nozzle c by which the gas or vapour
enters the mixing chamber, or, as shewn in Figure 4, being placed opposite or above
the said nozzle c.
In the arrangement shewn in Figure 1 the rod bis utilized also as a support for
the mantle carrier d, but the latter may be supported in any other suitable manner.
The top of the rod b is preferably enlarged as shewn in Figures 1 and 4 so as to
present a larger surface to the flame. The rod being thus exposed to the flame and
being of metal or other conductor of heat becomes highly heated along its whole
length thereby causing the mixture of air and gas which passes through the mixing
chamber to attain a high temperature before reaching the burner.
In the arrangement shewn in Figure 1 the mixing chamber B is provided with a
vaporizer D which consists either of a single wick tube e as shewn in Figure 2, or
of two or more such tubes as shewn in Figure 3, the said tube or tubes being adapted
to be heated in an ordinary manner by a flame f for vaporizing the spirit in the
wick E; a mantle g is provided for the protection of the flame f
In order to facilitate the passage of the vapour thus formed in the tube or tubes e
to the mixing chamber B the wick E is provided longitudinally with one or more
passages or tubes having holes or perforations i distributed along their whole
length, the said holes or perforations having for object to enable the vapour formed
in the wick E by the flame f to pass to the passages or tubes h.
The tube or tubes opens or open at the top into a free space in the wick tube
or holder and the vapour escaping from the tube or tubes h passes from this space
to the nozzle c through a tube k.
The flame is obtained from a wick dipping into the spirit from which the

page_text: vapour is formed, the height of the wick being regulated by a small toothed wheel
or other suitable arrangement.
The nozzle c as shewn in Figure 1 is formed of a short open tube the upper edge
of which is provided with notches or slots and is closed by the lower conical end b¹
of the rod b, the notches or slots leaving openings for the escape of the vapour
or gas.
Air is admitted into the mixing chamber B through the openings m the size of
which may be regulated by turning the cover ring n by means of the rod o,
Figure 2, the said ring being provided with openings corresponding in size to the
openings m.
p is a valve spindle designed to cut off the vapour issuing from the vaporizer D
in order to prevent the main flame from continuing to burn after the auxiliary
flame has been extinguished.
A sieve 7 is arranged in the mixing chamber B, the said sieve having for object
to prevent the main flame from passing downwards, to bring about an intimate
mixture of the gas and air and by its position in the mixing chamber B to enable
the intimately mixed gas or vapour and air to be highly heated by the upper part
of the rod b.
As the rod b is heated by the top part, that is to say, by the hottest part of the
main flame and as it is composed of metal or other suitable material which conducts
heat well it is evident that the said rod soon attains a red heat along its entire
length whereby the mixture of gas or vapour streaming from the nozzle c and air
entering by the openings m becomes more and more heated as it approaches the
top of the rod b, arriving in a highly heated condition at the point of combustion
so that the illuminating power of the lamp is increased without increasing the
consumption of gas.
In Figure 4 the rod 6 instead of having its lower end inserted in the top of the
nozzle chas it arranged opposite or above the same. This arrangement acts,
however, in practically the same way as that above described.
The rod b is of great importance for spirit lamps because on converting the spirit
into vapour the water contained in the former is carried with the vapour and acts
injuriously unless rendered harmless by being highly heated.
When coal or other illuminating gas is supplied from a distance it is evident that
the vaporizer D may be dispensed with.
It is obvious that the shape of the rod 6 and the amount of gas or vapour and
air can be varied as desired to suit requirements.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what 1
claim is :-
1. A burner for incandescent lighting having a rod which hangs from the top
of the burner into the mixing chamber, designed to heat the mixture of gas and
air passing through the said chamber before it reaches the point of combustion for
the purpose of increasing the efficiency of the light substantially as described.
2. In a lamp for burning volatile liquids such as spirit, benzine and the like, the
combination of the burner described in Claim 1 with one or more vaporizers heated
from the exterior and provided with a wick or wicks which for the purpose of
facilitating the passage of the vapour, formed in the same, to the mixing chamber
is or are pierced with one or more passages or tubes longitudinally, the said
passages or tubes being perforated substantially as, and for the purpose, set forth.
3. The improved lamp as hereinbefore described and illustrated in Figures 1 to 4
of the accompanying drawing.
Dated this 12th day of July 1895.
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Fiusbury, London, Agents for the Applicant.