Improvements in Brazeless Joints for Attaching Tubular and Socket Members, particularly applicable for Cycle Purposes.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 10th Aug., 1898
Complete Cancifination Loft 10th June 1800 Accented 22nd July 1899
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Brazeless Joints for Attaching Tubular and Socket
Members, particularly applicable for Cycle Purposes.
WILLIAM FRASER, Dovedale, School Road, Moseley, Birmingham, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to brazeless or mechanical joints for attaching tubular
and socketted members together, particularly for jointing the component members
of a cycles frame, and by means of a specially constructed jig fitted with suitable
tools and appliances to enable the operator to make one or all the joints in
connection theirwith seperate or simultaneously.
The present invention being a further improvement in connection with prior
Letters Patent granted to me and bearing date December the 15th 1896 and
numbered 28690. In the said Letters Patent the bore of the socket parts of
the joints are inwardly tapered to an enlargement at the bottom ends, the bottom
ends of the tubes being expanded by means of a tapered verrule or nipple whilst
the fusing of the parts referred to are done by a backward and foreward
rotation.
In building a cycle frame according to the present invention the jointing or
connecting of the socket lugs and tubes together is effected by means of a shoe or
seperate loose collar, the inside and outside walls of same having longitudinal
teeth or fine cut corrugations, milled or otherwise for the purpose of ripping or
cutting the walls of both tube and socket respectavely when forced home either
by screw, levar, or hydraulic pressure, the said shoe being forced in between the
outside walls of the tube and the inside and outside walls of the sockets or lugs,
the outside ends of the shoes are made to clipp the outside walls of the sockets,
and are forced, compressed or rolled over upon or into same by means of suitable
tools and appliances for the purpose of coupling or fusing the various parts
together, i.c. the said shoes engage with the outside walls of the tubes and the
inside and outside walls of the sockets respectavely, and after being forced by great
pressure to the bottom of same, the outside ends of the shoes are then forced,
compressed, or rolled over the mouth of the socket, the, various parts thereby
become firmly and permanently fused, one with the other.
The said shoes may be made of mild or any other suitable material, and also
slightly tapered either outside, or inside, or both, or made parallel, and milled
either in whole or in part.
In preparing the tubes they are first cut to the lengths required, the two shoes
are put upon the tube each end of which is then expanded by suitable tools, spun
or otherwise to suit the demintions of the shoes. On each end of the said tube a
small collar or flange is formed, after the joint is made the said flange is jammed
or caught between the end of the shoe and the bottom of the socket then after
the process of rolling or clamping the shoe upon the socket it is impossible for the
tube to either leave the socket or the shoe.
Before jointing or putting a cycle frame together, the component parts are all

page_text: placed in a suitable constructed jig, made in two halves, and upon their inner
faces are grooves or channels geometrically fashoned to receive them, when the
two halves of the said jig come together the various parts are completely confined,
the only loose or movable parts being the shoes which are afterwards forced home
into the sockets by means of suitable tools embedded in or attached to the jig, or
otherwise, the process of sending the shoes home and closing, clamping or fusing
them upon the outside walls of the sockets may be done simultaniously, seperately,
or otherwise.
It is quite immaterial as to what angle the joints are to one another or how
many in number, the various parts are all first put together with the shoes drawn
back upon the tubes and placed into the jig which is then closed, the said jig being
fitted with the necessicary appliances and closing tools for the purpose of forcing
and clamping the shoe upon the outside walls of the socket and tube simul-
taniously.
A suitable liner or cupped washer may be used with advantage to strengthen the
inside of the tube where the closing tools pinches the shoe, socket, and tube
together.
It is obvious that the inside walls of the socket or the outside walls of the tube
may be milled or corrugated, also the walls of the shoe, either outside, or inside,
or both, and the outside walls of the shoe made rather larger than the inside walls
of the socket, and the inside walls of the shoe rather smaller than the outside or
expanded ends of the tube, that the shoe when milled and forced home between
the walls of the socket and tube respectavely, will mill or corrugate both in its
homeward passage, and also that the outside and inside walls of the sockets can be
made in any suitable shape or form to suit the various requirements of the shoe,
or the various parts described may be made parillel, or partly one, or the other,
or both.
The shoe may also be clamped, fused or fixed upon the outside walls of the
socket in a variety of different ways and compressed or jammed in such a manner
that when once fixed it is impossible to sever it from the said socket all of which
would be modifications of my invention.
The various parts of the jig carrying the fixed and movable members of the
cycles frame preferably the former, are so fitted as to be able to adjust themselves
to suit and follow any desired angle that the movable parts may make in their
advancement.
Dotod this 10th ave of Aumust 1000
Improvements in Brazeless Joints for Attaching Tubular and Socket
Members, particularly applicable for Cycle Purposes,
I, WILLIAM FRASER, of Dovedale, School Road, Moseley, Birmingham, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
-
This invention has for its object the jointing together in a convenient, expe-
ditious, and effective manner, without brazing, of various tubular and socket parts
or members, but particularly the component parts or members of a cycle frame.
My invention is a further developement or improvement upon the method of
jointing described in the Specification No. 28690 of 1896 on which Letters Patent
have been granted to me.

page_text: In the accompanying sheet of explanatory drawings to be hereinafter referred
to:-
Figure 1 is a sectional side elevation representing the top socket lug of a cycle
frame as arranged for jointing, in accordance with my invention, to the top
connecting tube. Figure 2 is a sectional end elevation on the line a b Figure 1.
Figure 3 represents the end of the top connecting tube ready for jointing with
the aforesaid lug.
Figure 4 is a sectional side elevation and Figure 5 a sectional end elevation on
the line ed (Figure 4), of the jointing shoe or collar.
Figure 6 is a sectional side elevation representing the completed joint.
The same reference letters in the different views indicate the same parts.
The socket aperture A is made of sufficient diameter to receive the end of the
top connecting tube B which is to be jointed thereto, and also the end C of the
jointing shoe or collar which is placed upon the tube B, prior to the operation of
jointing. By means of screw levers, hydraulic pressure, or otherwise, the end C
of the shoe or collar is forced in between the exterior surface of the tube end
and the interior surface of the socket, and simultaneously with the forcing home of
the extremity of the end or part C to the closed end of the socket aperture A, the
socket C¹, formed between the inner and end part C and the outer part 2 of the
shoe or collar, is forced on to the projection A¹ from the main socket, whilst the
said outer part is forced into the annular aperture A2 in the socket.
The extremity of the tube B inserted in the socket aperture A is flanged or
expanded as illustrated (after the socket has been placed on the tube) and passes
over or on to an annular lug or projection A³ from the closed inner end of the
socket. A dovetailed or undercut annular recess as A' is also formed at the end of
the socket, and thus on forcing the shoe or collar into position as hereinbefore
described, the inner extremity of the part C is expanded or flanged out and forced
into the dovetailed or undercut recess as is clearly shown at Figure 6.
The end of the tube B fitting within the socket has its outer surface milled or
serrated as shown and the projections C and A¹ of the shoe and socket respectively
are in like manner milled or serrated, as also is the portion of the outer surface of
the part of the shoe or collar which is forced into the annular aperture A² in
the socket. Thus on forcing home the shoe or collar, after the tube end has
been inserted in position within the aperture A of the socket, the said milled
or serrated surfaces cut into the plain surfaces with which they are in contact and
thus set up such a fusion or abrasion of the parts as to effect a rigid connection.
After the jointing of the parts as described the end A5 of the outer part of
the socket is rolled or pressed down upon the part 3 of the shoe or collar thus
giving additional security and imparting a finished appearance to the joint.
It will be understood that the opposite end of the tube B can, by means of a
similar shoe or collar to that hereinbefore described, be in the same manner
connected with another lug or socket part of a cycle frame, and that the means
of jointing described are applicable to other tubes and parts of a cycle or other
like frame.
For the jointing of the component parts of a cycle frame I preferably employ a
suitable jig or machine in which the various tubular and socket parts can be
retained in position during the jointing operation. The jig can be of a somewhat
similar type to that shown in the Specification No. 7285 of 1898, on which Letters
Patent have been granted to me, but having no movable parts such as described
in the said specification. The jointing shoes or collars herein before described are
not retained by the jig, but are free to slide thereon under the action of forcing
tools operated by hydraulic pressure, or by screws and levers, or in any other well
known manner, which force them tightly home between the parts to be united as
hereinbefore described.
I sometimes strengthen the tube at the part or parts to be jointed by means
of a liner or liners or cupped washers fitted into the interior of the tube ends.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
1. In brazeless joints for cycle frames and for other like purposes, the use of a
shoe or collar having double gripping parts each making a jointing contact both on
the interior and exterior surfaces, substantially as described.
2. The jointing of a cycle frame and other tubular and socket members sub-
stantially as described and as illustrated.
1000
MARKS & CLERK,
18, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
13, Temple Street, Birmingham, and 25, Cross Street, Manchester,
Agents for the Applicant.