IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF METAL TUBES AND CYLINDERS, WHICH IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Bourne, of Oakamoor, in the County of
Stafford, Engineer, and Edward Kidd, of Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVED MACHINERY
FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF METAL TUBES AND CYLINDERS, WHICH IS ALSO
APPLICABLE TO OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES."
ealed the 1st April 1862, and dated the 19th October 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Bourne and Edward
Kidd at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 19th October 1861.
We, JAMES BOURNE, of Oakamoor, in the County of Stafford, Engineer,
and EDWARD KIDD, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufac-
turer, do. hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF METAL TUBES AND CYLINDERS, WHICH IS
ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
The object of our Invention is to facilitate the manufacture of tubes and
cylinders of metal or alloys of metal, more especially of that class known as
solid or seamless tubes and cylinders, produced from an ingot or mass of metal,
or alloys of metal cast or otherwise prepared for the breaking down or
reducing process. The said Invention is also adapted for rolling bars or rods
of iron.
To accomplish the purpose here aimed at, we have constructed an improved
machine in manner following:-Two or more rolls or cylinders, having con-
cave peripheries and bevilled edges, are mounted, in a suitable framework; it
is essential to and inseparable from our object, that the said rolls or cylinders

page_text: should work in an angular position, the effect of which may be stated thus:-
When an ingot or mass of metal, or alloys of metal, designed for a seamless
tube or cylinder is fed in upon an ordinary mandril between the rolls or
cylinders for the purpose of rolling to a required length, diameter, and thick-
ness, the combined action of the rolls or cylinders, whose motion is rotary,
simultaneously imparts a spiral motion to the metal or alloys of metal then
undergoing the rolling process, so that, independent of other agency, the
metal or alloys of metal is fed in from end to end with great speed, which
enables us, when it has traversed its entire length, to re-introduce it the
same mandril between the rolls until reduced to a condition ready to be
finished at the draw bench in the usual manner. By these means we obviate
the necessity of reheating the metal or alloys of metal at intervals during the
rolling of the same; and, further, there is less liability that the metal or
alloys of metal will fasten upon the mandril, as is the case when tubes and
cylinders are drawn upon a mandril, it then frequently requires much hammer-
ing in order to release it.
upon
As regards the rolling of bars or rods of iron, the method of feeding the
metal between the rolls or cylinders is precisely the same as is employed in
rolling tubes and cylinders, while the advantages which result therefrom are
a continuous spiral grain, thus improving the fibrous quality of the iron, and
rendering it less susceptible of friction, and capable of greater tension.
To further illustrate the nature of our Invention, we have annexed hereunto
Drawings of the same.
In Sheet A of the Drawings, Fig. 1 is a front, and Fig. 2 a side elevation
of a machine constructed according to our Invention. a is the frame; b, b,
are pins or screws for uniting the parts of the frame; c, c, are rolls or
cylinders; d, d, are apertures through which the metal or alloys of metal is
passed in conjunction with the rolling process; e is a screw; and "f, f," are
pins in conjunction with the journals g, g, by means of which the pressure
upon the rolls or cylinders is exerted and regulated. Fig. 2 exhibits the
relative angular position of the rolls or cylinders c, c,
Fig. 1, Sheet B, is a plan indicative of the position of the rolls or cylinders,
and also of the line which the metal or alloys of metal a, a, traverse between
the peripheries of the rolls or cylinders when motion is communicated to
them. The angles at which the rolls or cylinders are seen in the Drawings
may be increased or modified according to the nature of the operation of
rolling, (viz.) large or small diameter of tube or cylinder of metal or alloys
of metal enlarging or reducing the same.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Bourne and Edward Kidd in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 15th April 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JAMES
BOURNE, of Oakamoor, in the County of Stafford, Engineer, and EDWARD
KIDD, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fourth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said James Bourne and Edward Kidd, Her special licence that we, the said
James Bourne and Edward Kidd, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as we, the said James Bourne and Edward Kidd, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time, and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF
METAL TUBES AND CYLINDERS, WHICH IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER USEFUL PUR-
POSES," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said James Bourne
and Edward Kidd, our executors, or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under our, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months, next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said James Bourne and Edward Kidd,
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being made to the Drawing hereunto
annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say:-
The principal object of our Invention is to facilitate the manufacture of
tubes and cylinders of metal or alloys of metal, more especially of that class
known as solid or seamless tubes and cylinders, produced from an ingot, mass,
or cylinder of metal, or alloys of metal, cast or otherwise prepared for what is
technically termed the breaking down or reducing process.
To accomplish this purpose, we construct improved machinery in manner

page_text: following-Any given number of rolls or cylinders, having slightly concaved
peripheries and bevelled edges, are mounted in a suitable framework; the said
rolls or cylinders, when definitely fixed in a working position, are relatively
angular, the effect of which may be stated thus:-When the metal or alloys of
metal designed for a tube or cylinder is fed in upon an ordinary mandril
between the rolls or cylinders, for the purpose of rolling to a required length,
diameter, and thickness, the combined action of the rolls or cylinders, whose
motion is rotary, simultaneously imparts a spiral motion to the metal or alloys
of metal then undergoing the rolling process, so that, independent of other
agency, the metal or alloys of metal. is passed through with great speed, and
is then introduced and rolled in like manner again, until the same is in a
condition to be "finished" at the draw bench by the usual method. The
advantages derived from this process are less liability that the metal or alloys
of metal will fasten upon the mandril, as is the case when "drawn," which
necessitates much hammering in order to release it; and, further, the metal
or alloys of metal require to be reheated frequently in consequence of this
delay, whereas, in rolling with our machinery, we are enabled to complete the
operation upon one and the same mandril.
In making cylinders of large diameter, the metal or alloys of metal is
passed between and elongated by the concave rolls; it is subsequently placed
upon another mandril under one roll having a plain surface, or between two
or more rolls having plain surfaces. The axis of the roll, or axes of the rolls,
rotate parallel with the axis of the cylinder, which, while it revolves, will
increase in circumference only. By these means we are enabled to produce
seamless cylinders, such as are required for calico printing and similar
purposes.
As regards the rolling of iron or other metal or alloys of metal in a solid
form, the method of feeding it between the rolls or cylinders is precisely the
same as with tubes and cylinders, the results being a continuous spiral grain,
thus improving the fibrous quality of the metal or alloys of metal, and render-
ing it less susceptible of friction, and capable of greater tension.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
In Sheet A, Figure 1 is a front, and Figure 2 is a side elevation of a
machine constructed according to our Invention. A is the frame; b, b, are
pins or screws for uniting the several parts of the frame; "c, c," are rolls or
cylinders; "d" is an aperture through which the metal is passed during the
rolling process; "e" is a screw; and "f,f," are pins in connection with the
bearers "g, g." by means of which the pressure upon the rolls or cylinders is

page_text: exerted and regulated. Figure 3 is a plan indicative of the line which the
metal or alloys of metal "a, a," traverse between the peripheries of the rolls or
cylinders when rotary motion is communicated to them. The angles at which
the rolls or cylinders are seen in the Drawings may be increased or modified
according to the nature of the operation, namely, rolling large or small
diameter of tube or cylinder of metal or alloys of metal enlarging or reducing
the diameter of the same.
Having thus described the principle of our Invention, we desire it to be
understood that we do not restrict or confine ourselves to the exact details
herein described and illustrated, so long as the peculiar features of our
Invention be retained, as, for instance, our improved machinery may be
employed for the purpose of ornamentation in tubes and cylinders or solid
metal or alloys of metal, there being no addition to or alteration in the con-
struction or general arrangement of our Invention to produce this result; in
such case we impress any desired design, device, words, or ornament in the
concave or upon the peripheries of the rolls or cylinders, the motion and
mode of feeding the metal or alloys of metal being identical with the rolling
of tubes and cylinders; but what we claim is, the use of machinery for the
manufacture of tubes and cylinders in which the rolls or cylinders rotate in
position or manner, or position and manner, herein set forth and described.
In witness whereof, we, the said James Bourne and Edward Kidd, have
hereunto set our hands and seals, this First day of April, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
5
Witness,
JOHN KENDRICK,
Temple Street,
Birmingham.
JAMES BOURNE.
(L.S.)
EDWARD KIDD. (L.S.)