CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Edward Taylor, of Enfield, near Accrington,
in the County of Lancaster, Cotton Spinner and Manufacturer, for the
Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
Invention of Certain ImproveMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
Sealed the 4th October 1860, and dated the 25th July 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Edward Taylor
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 25th July 1860.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD TAYLOR, of Enfield, near Accrington, in the County of
Lancaster, Cotton Spinner and Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as
follows:-
The nature of my Invention consists in certain improved arrangements of
parts, whereby the motion of the lay or batten is retarded at the back part of*
the stroke, thereby obtaining more time for the passage of the shuttle through
the shed. One mode of performing my Invention is by attaching or casting
a projecting bracket to the lay swords or to the lay, and connecting these
brackets by very short crank arms to the crank shaft, by this means the
requisite variations in the stroke of the lay or batten are produced; other com-
binations of machinery may be applied for producing the same result.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Edward Taylor in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 23rd January 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
EDWARD TAYLOR, of Enfield, near Accrington, in the County of Lancaster,
Cotton Spinner and Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight bundred and sixty, in the twenty-fourth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
William Edward Taylor, Her special licence, that I, the said William Edward
Taylor, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
William Edward Taylor, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully-might make,
use, exercise and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVINO," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said William Edward Taylor, my executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Edward Taylor, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the fol-
lowing statement (that is to say) :-
The nature of my Invention consists in certain improved arrangements and
combinations of parts of looms for giving motion to the lay or batten as
herein-after described.
And in order that my Invention may be fully understood, and readily carried
into effect, I will proceed to describe the accompanying Sheet of Drawings,
reference being had to the figures and letters marked thereon.
Figure 1 is an elevation in section of a loom to which one mode of perform-
ing my Invention is applied. a is the crank shaft; a', the crank; b, the lay
for batten; and c, the lay swords; f₁f, are the healds, and f¹, the rollers
for the straps to which the healds are suspended; these, and all the other

page_text: parts of the loom, which are not shewn or not particularly referred to hereafter
are constructed in the usual manner. To each lay sword c is jointed a bracket
d, to which is connected the upper end of the diagonal stay e; the lower
end of this stay is bolted to the lower end of the lay sword c; the diagonal
stay is furnished with slots by means of which it can be raised or lowered
so as to vary the angle of the bracket d, and thereby to elevate or depress
the point of connection of the short crank arms h, the other ends of which
are connected to the cranks a' of the crank shaft a, in the usual manner.
The object of these diagonal stays is not only to vary the angle of the buckets
d, but also to give the requisite strength to the lay swords and to hold the
brackets d securely in their proper positions.
T
In Figure 1, the lay is represented in the position it occupies when the
reed is beating the weft up into the cloth, the crank a' is then at an angle of
about thirty degrees above a horizontal plane, and the shed is almost or
entirely open; when the crank a' arrives at an angle of about thirty degrees
below a horizontal plane, as shewn in the detached view, Figure 2, the shed
is full open, and the lay is drawn so far back that the picki motion may
From
be brought into operation to throw the shuttle across the sid.
the moment when the picking motion is brought into action, to the time
when the nose of the shuttle enters the shed the lay is drawn sufficiently
back to allow the shuttle to pass through the shed, which remains full
While the crank
open until the crank a¹ is back, as shewn at Figure 4.
is performing its back stroke, that is to say, when moving from its lowest
position, as shewn at Figure 3, to that indicated in Figure 4, very little
motion is imparted to the lay owing to the shortness of the crank arms h,
the length of the brackets d, and the relative position of the crank a¹, and
the point of connection of the crank arm h to the bracket d, and when the
crank a¹ is vertical, as shewn in Figure 5, the lay has again approached the
cloth; during this portion of the back stroke of the crank the shed is closed
by the action of the healds. While the crank a' is moving from the vertical
position, shewn in Figure 5, to that shewn in Figure 1, the shed is gradually
being opened by the healds and when it arrives again in the position, shewn,
in Figure 1, the lay has completed its forward stroke, from this point the mo-
tions are repeated as above described.
From the foregoing description and drawings it will be seen that the motion
of the lay is rapidly accelerated at the commencement of the back stroke and
retarded at the back part of the same, thereby obtaining more time for the
passage of the shuttle, which is picked or thrown across the shed during.
the forward throw of the crank. On referring to Figure 5, it will be seen.

page_text: that when the crank a¹ is vertical, the crank arm his about horizontal,
while in looms of the present construction the crank arm is generally horizontal
when the crank is at the back centre.
The main object of my improvements is to enable the loom to be worked
more advantageously and at a greater velocity than is now attainable with
safety and economy.
"
Figure 6 is a diagram shewing the position of the lay when it is worked
by the improved arrangement of parts above described at twelve points
of the revolution of the crank shaft, and Figure 7 is a diagram shewing
corresponding positions of the lay in a loom of the ordinary construction.
In Figure 6, the lay is at the end of the forward stroke, as shewn by the
nearly vertical line 1, when the crank is at an angle of thirty degrees above a
horizontal plane, as also shewn by the Figure 1, the other full lines marked
2, 3, 4, and 5, radiating from the point z represent the positions of the lay
during the front throw of the crank; when the crank is down the lay has per-
formed fully five-sixths of its back stroke, while the crank shaft has only
passed through about one-third of a revolution, the remainder of the back
stroke, and the commencement of the forward stroke of the lay are performed
very slowly, as indicated, by the full lines 6 and 7, and the dotted lines 8 and
9, while the motion of the lay is again accelerated, as shewn by the dotted
lines 10, 11, and 12, until the crank shaft has nearly completed its revolution.
On comparing the diagram Figure 6 with Figure 7, it will be seen in the latter
case, that the lay is forward when the crank is horizontal, and that the lay is
not sufficiently back to allow the shuttle to pass until the crank is nearly
at the back, consequently in the former case the shuttle can be picked when
the crank shaft has performed less than one-third of the revolution, while
in the latter nearly one-half a revolution is required, thereby effecting a saving
of nearly from thirty to forty per cent. in the time. Figure 8 is a section
shewing part of a loom of the usual construction with the crank arms horizontal,
or nearly so, at the front and back stroke of the crank.
Figure 9 shews an improved combination of machinery for communicating
motion to the lay, in this case the crank a¹ is jointed to the lever k, one end
of which is connected to the upper end of the link 7, the lower end of which is
hinged to the stud m, projecting from the side of the loom, the other end of the
lever is jointed to the connecting arm h, which as before described in the
preceding Figures gives motion to the lay.
Having thus stated the nature of my Invention, and described the arrange-
ments and combinations of machinery employed for performing the same, I
declare that I claim.—

page_text: First, the combination of parts shewn and described in reference to Figures
1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, whereby the lay is drawn rapidly back at the commencement
of its back stroke so as to allow the shuttle to be thrown across the shed during
the front stroke of the crank.
And, secondly, the combination of parts, shewn in Figure 9, for giving motion
to the lay as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Taylor, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of January, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
Witness,
H. B. BARLOW,
Manchester.
W. E. TAYLOR. (L.8.)