IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRICAL MOTORS
Year: 1884

page_text: I JOHN HENRY JOHNSON of 47 Lincolns Inn Fields in the County of Middlesex
Gentleman do hereby declare the nature of said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN ELECTRICAL MOTORS " a *communication to me from abroad by Arthur
Wellington Adams of St Louis in the State of Missouri United States of America
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in the construction of electric motors
suited to the propulsion of Rail road Cars and to the operation of light machinery
of various kinds for instance sewing machines and dental instruments as will be
hereinafter explained.
To the axle (say of a railroad car) is fixed a part which constitutes the web of
the Car wheel and to this is secured the tire or tread. Within the web part is
rigidly secured a Pacinotti or equivalent ring constituting the field of the motor.
The axle tapers inwardly from the web part and fitting this tapered part is an
exteriorly screw threaded bushing on which is an internally screw threaded hub.
The bushing which revolves on the axle can be set up on the tapered portion of
the latter to compensate and make up for wear being held in desired position by_a
jam nut on the axle provided with suitable set screws to hold it up in place. In
the hub is an oil chamber from which the lubricant passes through one or more
apertures in the bushing to the axle.
From the hub radiate spokes which carry a second Pacinotti or Gramme or
equivalent ring arranged within the outer ring and constituting the armature of
the motor.
In order to transmit the movement of the armature to the wheel, the hub (which
moves with the armature) is formed or provided with a gear wheel with which
engage pinions whose axles are fast to a ring and are lubricated from oil chambers
in the pinions. These pinions also engage with a rack on the interior of the
overhanging portion of the tread of the wheel. When the armature is in rotation
the ring carrying the pinions so long as it is unrestrained will revolve and its
pinions will impart no movement to the wheel, But as soon as the ring. is held

page_text: stationary the pinions at once act to drive the rack and consequently to revolve
the wheel in a direction opposite to that of the armature. For the purpose of thus
controlling the ring a clutch or retaining device is combined with it which can be
operated to hold fast or release the ring as desired. This may be in the form of a
centrifugal Clutch composed of segments which lie in a groove in the periphery of
the ring and are held down therein by springs connected with them by screw bolts
provided with nuts by means of which the tension of or power exerted by the
springs can be regulated. Surrounding the clutch segments is a stationary band
with which the segments are to cooperate. When the armature is in rotation, the
ring will revolve so long as the speed of rotation is not sufficient to move the
segments out against the stress of their springs far enough to abut against the
band but when the speed is sufficiently great the segments will bear against
the band, the ring will be held fast and consequently the pinions will cause the
wheel to rovolve As soon as this takes place the band is gradually tightened
until it clasps firmly and closely the segments binding them down tightly upon
the ring. In order to thus operate the band one of its abutting ends has a
lug and the other end has double lugs. The screw threaded end of a shaft passes
loosely through the double lugs and screws through the single lug on the other end.
The portion of the shaft passing through the lugs is reduced in sizo and on this
reduced portion between the double lugs is fixed a collar so that when the shaft is
rotated it will expand or contract the band according to the direction in which it
is moved. The shaft has a rounded head which has a stationary yet flexible
bearing in a suitable portion of the frame work of the Car and for the purpose of
rotating it is provided with a chain or sprocket wheel the chain from which
extends to a drum or like instrumentality at some convenient point on the Car by
means of which the attendant can loosen tighten or adjust the band at pleasure.
The Circuit connections of the motor are as follows. There are two commutators
the first electrically connected with the field magnet and mounted on the axle the
second electrically connected with the armature and mounted on the armaturo hub
or an extension thereof. The respective sets of commutator brushes are secured to
the car truck or body or to some stationary part of the structure. The circuit is
from the generator through the field thence through the armature and thence back
to the generator.
The field ring being secured to the outer and tire carrying portion of the wheel
and the armature ring being independently mounted and connected as described
when the said outer ring is energized consequent points or poles are developed in
the said ring which cause it to operate as a field magnet to the inner ring which
being magnetized in an opposite sense to its field magnet is strongly attracted
thereto and the rings being constructed with alternating sections of coiled wire
and soft iron, and moved in opposite directions as stated the poles will remain
very near a predetermined point preferably on a line passing vertically through
the axis of the device. The line of strongest magnetic effect will be carried across
this vertical lino by the sections and when said iron is followed by its succeeding
mass of wire the magnetic line referred to, will recede or jump back to the next
iron section to the rear of the mass of wire at any moment passing the vertical
point. In this manner the polarity of the rings while confined to a very small
amplitude of vibration does in effect approach and recede from the vertical line the
result being that the two rings rotating in opposite direction act upon each other
with the strongest magnetic force attainable Assuming the clutch to be properly
adjusted and the armature to be in revolution the operation is as follows:
The power of the armature is transmitted from the hub to the wheel through
the pinions and rack only when the speed of rotation has reach a predetermined
point which is regulated by the adjustment of the clutch.
The aforesaid segments or pieces are held with any desired degree of force by
the adjustable bolts and springs and as the speed with which the ring is rotated
by the armature increases the tendency is for those segmental pieces to be thrown
into contact with the aforesaid stationary band by centrifugal action.
w

page_text: As soon as this happens the aforesaid screwed shaft and band being secured to tho
car rotary motion of the ring ceases and the power developed by the rotating bub is
conveyed directly through the said hub the pinions and tho rack to the tire of the
wheel. As soon as this takes place the attendant or engineer rotates the screwed
shaft in a direction to clamp and bind firmly the band on the ring and the car
then continues in motion until the clutch is caused to release its hold.
In applying this motor to other mechanical uses as for instance to a sowing
machine the device substantially as heroinbefore described is attached to a suitable
portion of the main shaft of the machine to be driven and the aforesaid screwed
shaft is secured to the table support.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON of 47 Lincolns Inn Fields in the County of Middlesex
Gentleman do hereby declare the nature of this Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
ELECTRICAL MOTORS" which Invention has been communicated to me from abroad
by Arthur Wellington Adams of St. Louis in the State of Missouri United Statos
of America and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This Invention relates to improvements in the construction of electric motors,
suited to the propulsion of Rail Road Cars, and to the operation of light machinery
of various kinds, for instance, Sewing Machines and Dental Instruments, as will be
hereinafter explained.
In the accompanying drawings Figure 1 is an elevation partly in section showing
the general construction and arrangement of a rail road car wheel and axle with
the improved motor applied thereto. Figure 2 is an enlarged section (taken on the
line x, x, Figure 1) wherein is also represented diagramatically the circuit con-
nections. Figure 3 is an edge view of a car wheel embodying the improved
propelling device. Figure 4 is an edge view and Figure 5 is a side elevation of
the centrifugal clutch mechanism hereinafter referred to. Figure 6 is a section on
the line y y Figure 4.-Similar letters denote like parts in all the Figures.
A, represents tho axle (say of a railroad car) To it is fixed the part B which
constitutes the web of the car wheel, and to the part B is secured the tire or tread
Within the part B is rigidly secured a Pacinotti or equivalent ring P constituting
the field of the motor.
The axle tapers inwardly from the part B and fitting this tapered part is an
exteriorly screw threaded bushing D on which is the internally screw threaded
hub C. The bushing which revolves on the axle can be set up on the tapered
portion of the latter to compensate and take up for wear, being held in desired
position by a jam nut d on the axle, provided with suitable set screws to hold it in
place In the hub is an oil chamber c from which the lubricant passes through one
or more apertures in the bushing to the axle.
From the hub C radiate spokes G which carry a second Pacinotti or Gramme or
equivalent ring H arranged within the outer ring P and constituting the armature
of the motor.
In order to transmit the movement of the armaturo to the wheel, the hub C
(which moves with the armature) is formed or provided with a gear wheel g, with
which engage pinions K whose axles k are fast to a ring J and are lubricated from
oil chambers in the pinions. These pinions also engage with a rack U on the
interior of the overhanging portion V of the tread of the wheel. When the
armature is in rotation the ring J so long as it is unrestrained will revolve, and its
pinions K will impart no movement to the wheel. But as soon as the ring is held
stationary, the pinions at once act to drive the rack U and consequently to revolve
the wheel in a direction opposite to that of the armature. For the purpose of
thus controlling the ring Ja clutch or retaining device is combined with it which
can be operated to hold fast or release the ring as desired. The particular form of
retaining device shown in the drawing in illustration of the invention is a centri-
fugal clutch, composed of segments n which lic in a groove e in the periphery of
the ring J and are held down theroin by springs O connected with them by screw

page_text: bolts Q, provided with nuts by means of which the tension of or power exerted
by the springs can be regulated. Surrounding the clutch segments is a stationary
band M with which the segments aro to co-operate When the armature is in
rotation, the ring J will revolve so long as the speed of rotation is not sufficient
to move the segments out against the stress of their springs far enough to abut
against the band, but when the speed is sufficiently great, the segments will bear
against the band, the ring J will bo held fast, and consequently the pinions K will
cause the wheel to revolve. As soon as this takes place, the band M is gradually
tightened until it clasps firmly and closely the segments binding thom down tightly
upon the ring J. In order to thus oporato the band one of its abutting ends is
provided with a lug M', and the other end with two lugs M2 M². The serow
threaded end of a shaft L passos loosely through the lugs M², and screws through
the lug M. The portion of the shaft passing through the lugs M² is reduced in
size, and on this reduced portion between the lugs M M is fixed a collar L³ so
that when the shaft is rotated, it will expand or contract the band according to the
direction in which it is moved. The shaft has a rounded head S which has a
stationary, yet flexible bearing T in a suitable portion of the framowork of the car;
and for the purpose of rotating it, it is provided with a chain or sprocket wheel R,
the chain from which extends to a drum or like instrumentality at some convenient
point on the car by means of which the attendant can loosen, tighten or adjust the
band at pleasure.
The circuit connections of the motor are indicated diagramatically in Figure 2.
There are two commutators W, X, the first W electrically connected with the
field magnet, and mounted on the axle and the other X electrically connected with
the armature and mounted on the armature hub or an extension thereof Y, Z are
the respective sots of commutator brushes, which are secured to the car truck or
body or to some stationary part of the structure. The circuit is from the generator
through the field, thence through the armature and thence back to the generator.
The field ring P, being secured to the outer and tire carrying portion of the
wheel, and the armature ring H, being independently mounted and connected as
described, when the said outer ring is energised consequent points or poles are
developed in the said ring which cause it to operate as a field magnet to the inner
ring H. The ring H being magnetized in an opposite sense to its field magnet P,
is strongly attracted thereto and the rings being constructed with alternating
sections of coiled wire, and soft iron, and moved in opposite directions as stated the
poles will remain very near a predetermined point, preferably on a line passing
vertically through the axis of the device. The line of strongest magnetic effect
will be carried across this vertical line by the sections and when said iron is
followed by its succeeding mass of wire, the magnetic line referred to, will recede
or jump back to the next iron section to the rear of the mass of wire at any
moment passing the vertical point. In this manner the polarity of the rings while
confined to a very small amptitude of vibration, does in effect approach and recede
from the vertical line, the result being that the two rings rotating in opposite
direction act upon each other with the strongest magnetic force attainable.
Assuming the clutch to be properly adjusted and the armature to be in revolution
the operation is as follows:
The power of the armature H, is transmitted from the hub C to the wheel
through the pinions K, and rack U, only when the speed of rotation has reached a
predetermined point which is regulated by the adjustment of the clutch.
The pieces n are held with any desired degree of force by the adjustable bolts Q
and springs and as the speed with which the ring J, is rotated the tendency is
for these piecos n to be thrown into contact with the band M by centrifugal
action.
As soon as this happens, the said shaft L and band M being secured to the car,
rotary motion of the ring J, ceases and the power developed by the rotating hub C,
is conveyed directly through the hub C the pinions K and the rack U to the tire of
the wheel. As soon as this takes place the attendant or engineer, rotates the

page_text: shaft L in a direction to clamp and bind firmly the band M on the ring V, and the
car then continues in motion, until the clutch is caused to release its hold.
In applying this motor to other mechanical uses, as for instance to the working
of a sewing machine, the device substantially as herein shewn and described is
attached to a suitable portion of the main shaft of the machine to be driven, and
the shaft L is secured to the table support.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
First In an Electrical motor an annular field magnet, and an enclosing casing
therefor adapted to constitute the tire supporting portion of a car wheel substan-
tially as herein before setforth.
Second: The combination with a car wheel, of an electrical motor whose field
magnet and armature are encased by the said wheel substantially as and for the
purposes hereinbefore set forth.
Third In an electrical motor the combination with a car wheel of an annular
field magnet carried by the said wheel an armature adapted to be rotated within
the said field magnet, and a shaft supporting the armature and constituting an axle
for the wheel substantially as and for the purposes herein before setforth.
Fourth In an electrical motor the combination with the rotating armature and.
the wheel to be driven thereby of intermediate motion transmitting and controlling
mechanism arranged and operating substantially as herein before setforth to
automatically throw the armature into gear with the wheel to be driven when its
speed of rotation has reached a predetermined point as and for the purposes herein-
before specified.
Fifth In an Electrical motor an annular field magnet rigidly attached to the
supporting or main axle and provided with a tire supporting casing in combination
with an armature moving within the field magnet and having a hub mounted upon
the said axle gearing, connecting the periphery of said hub to the interior of the
tire-supporting casing, automatic clutching devices supported by the connecting
pinions and means substantially as hereinbefore described for varying the tension
of the clutch operating mechanism and the speed at which the same becomes
operative substantially as herein before set forth.
Sixth In an electrical motor the combination with an annular field magnet and
an armature connected and rotating therein of the hub C, pinions K, ring J,
provided with sections n, springs O, and adjusting screws the stationary adjustable
band M, and shaft L substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated.
Seventh In an electrical motor the combination of armature H, hub C, having
un oil chamber c, with adjustable bushing D, and suitable jam-nut and the main
axle A substantially as hereinbefore set forth.
Eighth In an Electrical motor the centrifugal adjustable clutch and its con-
trolling shaft in combination with the armature, the wheel, and the pinions carried
by the clutch and engaging gearing carried by the armature, and wheel respectively
under the arrangement and for operation substantially as hereinbefore set forth.
Ninth In an electrical notor the combination with the axle or shaft to be
driven, of an Electric motor whose armature is mounted to revolve on the said
shaft and intermediate transmitting gearing for imparting movement from the
armature to the said shaft or axle substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore
Bet forth.
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