IN APPARATUS USED IN of
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Josiah George Jennings, of Holland Street, Black-
friars, and James Lovegrove, of Victoria Park Road, for the Invention
AND IN APPARATUS USED IN
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER-CLOSETS,
VENTILATING HOUSE DRAINS OR SEWERS."
Sealed the 31st December 1858, and dated the 3rd July 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Josiah George Jennings
and James Lovegrove at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 3rd July 1858.
We, JOSIAH GEORGE JENNINGS, of Holland Street, Blackfriars, and JAMES
LOVEGROVE, of Victoria Park Road, do hereby declare the nature of the
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER-CLOSETS, AND IN APPARATUS USED IN
VENTILATING HOUSE DRAINS OR SEWERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in water closets, and in
apparatus used in ventilating house drains or sewers.
For these purposes in
constructing stone or earthenware basins for water closets, the basin is formed
with a conical outlet in the side or bottom, in which is fitted a hollow plug of
metal or other material, which is made water-tight by a flexible ring. This
hollow plug is made of such a length as to retain the water in the basin to a
proper level, and any addition of water flows off through the hollow plug, it
forming an overflow pipe as well as a plug. The plug is fitted with an
[Price 8d1

page_text: ordinary closet handle, and when lifted liberates the contents of the pan into
the ordinary syphon trap. At other times the plug is to remain in position
during any determined time, the object being to save water from sinks,
waste pipes, or other sources where the supply of water may be limited. In
order to ventilate house drains and sewers we combine an air valve with
the ordinary syphon trap and outlet valve, the valve being metal faced;
the agent or motive power of ventilation being the variation in the tem-
perature of the atmosphere and the water discharged into and flowing
through the drains or sewers.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Pateut,
filed by the said Josiah George Jennings and James Lovegrove in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 3rd January 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOSIAH
GEORGE JENNINGS, of Holland Street, Blackfriars, and JAMES LOVEGROVE,
of Victoria Park Road, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most. Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Third day. of July, in the year of our Lord Oue
thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-second year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said Josiah George Jennings and James Lovegrove, Her special licence that
we, the said Josiah George Jennings and James Lovegrove, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Josiah George
Jennings and James Lovegrove, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and. vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER-CLOSETS, AND IN APPARATUS USED IN VENTILATING
HOUSE. DRAINS OR SEWERS," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the
said Josiah George Jennings and James Lovegrove, our executors.or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under our or their hands and
seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us or them, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed. in the Great
Seal Patent Office,within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW. KNOW YE, that I, the said Josiah George Jennings, on behalf of
myself and the said James Lovegrove, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object improvements in water-closets and in
apparatus used in ventilating house drains or sewers. For these purposes in
constructing stone or earthenware basins for water-closets, the basin is formed
with a conical outlet in the side or bottom, in which is fitted a hollow plug of
metal or other material, which is made water-tight by a flexible ring. This
hollow plug is made of such a length as to retain the water in the basin to
a proper level, and any addition of water flows off through the hollow plug, it
forming an overflow pipe as well as a plug. The plug is fitted with an
ordinary closet handle, and when lifted liberates the contents of the pan
into the ordinary syphon trap. At other times the plug is to remain in
position. during any determined time, the object being to save water from
sinks, waste pipes, or other sources where the supply of water may be limited.
In order to ventilate house drains and sewers we combine an air valve
with the ordinary syphon trap and outlet valve, the valve being metal
faced; the agent or motive power of ventilation being the variation in
the temperature of the atmosphere, and the water discharged into and
flowing through the drains or sewers.
And in order that our said Invention may be most fully understood
and readily carried into effect, we will proceed to describe the Drawings
hereunto annexed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is a vertical section of an earthenware basin for a water-closet,
constructed according to our Invention; Figure 2 is a horizontal section taken
at the line A, A, Figure 1; and Figure 3 is a transverse section taken at the
line B, B, Figure 2. a is the basin which is formed with a conical outlet ;
b and c is a hollow plug of metal 'or other material fitting the outlet b, and
made water-tight by a ring of vulcanized india-rubber attached to the plug by
screws or simply springing over it, as is shown at Figure 3*. The plug c is
made of considerable height, as the Drawing shows, in order to maintain the
requisite quantity of water in the basin, and any surplus water which may be
admitted to the basin escapes by the passage c¹ through the plug; d is the
handle by which the plug c is raised to discharge the contents of the basin
into and through' the ordinary syphon trape. In order again to fill the basin

page_text: with water after it has been emptied, a valve is employed of a construction
similar to those described in the Specification of a Patent granted to Thomas
Culpin and to myself, the said Josiah George Jennings, and bearing even date
herewith; this valve is governed by the float f, and its action is as follows:-So
long as the float remains at its highest position, it keeps the small ball g off
its seat at the end of the tube h¹, fixed to the valve h, consequently the water
is able to pass from the pipe i, which is in connection with the supply, by the
small tube h¹, and through the small opening in its side into the chamber
above the valve; and as this chamber is at this time closed at the top by the
valve j, the water is unable to escape, and it presses on the top of the valve,
and the area of the top of the valve being greater than the effective area of
the bottom of the valve, the pressure of the water keeps the valve closed, but
when the float f falls the small ball g closes the tube ¹, and at the same time
the chamber above the valve is opened, which allows the water it contains to
escape and the valve to rise, and in so doing it allows the water to pass into the
outlet h, and thence to the basin. The water from the chamber above the
valve also passes into the outlet / by a small passage formed for the purpose
but not shown in the Drawing. In cases where a constant supply of water is
not obtainable we connect the basin with sinks or waste pipes or other sources
of small quantities of water.
Figure 4 is a longitudinal section ofa syphon trap made in earthenware and
furnished with an air valve according to our Invention. a is the ordinary
valve by which the liquid escapes from the house drain into the sewer or
other receptacle; this valve is of cast iron and works against the brass face b,
which is secured to the earthenware by rubbing it down over a slightly
projecting edge formed thereon, and is rendered tight by a small quantity
of cement. c is the air passage closed at the end by the valve d, working
against a brass face fixed in the manner already described.. This valve
prevents any air or gas passing from the sewer or receptacle into the house
drain, but opens when the pressure in the drain exceeds that in the sewer
or receptacle to allow the air or gas to pass in the other direction.
Figure 5 is a longitudinal section of a sink trap consisting of a syphon trap
with an air valve combined with it according to our Invention. a is the
grating; b, a partition, under which the liquid passing through the grating
has to pass; c, the air valve; this valve allows air to pass into the drain,
if the pressure of the external air exceeds that of the drain sufficiently to
pass the syphon trap, or if the trap should be empty from any cause, but
it prevents any air or gas passing up out of the drain.
Figure 6 is a vertical section, and Figure 7 is a front view of a syphon trap

page_text: and outlet valve combined with an air valve according to our Invention, and
adapted for a street gulley. The iron casting a is built into the side wall of
the gulley pit so that the tubular mouth a¹ is within the pit, and dips down
into the water it contains; b is a valve which opens to allow liquid to escape
from the gulley pit, but closes to prevent a return of air or gas from the
this valve works against a brass face c; d is a valve which opens to
admit air from the gulley to the sewer whenever a partial vacuum exists in
the sewer, but closes when the tendency of the air is to pass in the contrary
direction; the method of hanging the valves is clearly shown by the Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said Josiah George Jennings, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Third day of January, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
Witness,
S. CARPMAEL.
JOSIAH GEORGE JENNINGS. (L.S.)