Improvements in Disintegrators.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 4th Dec., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 4th Sept., 1889-Accepted, 12th Oct., 1889
Improvements in Disintegrators.
I, JAMES HEATON HARDY of 11 Tabor Street Seacombo in the county of Chester,
Millwright, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
According to my present invention I construct disintegrators as follows:-
I provide two shafts, the one hollow and the other solid; the hollow shaft has an
internal bush at each end which bushes fit freely on the solid shaft so that while the
hollow shaft rotates in one direction the solid shaft may be caused to rotate within it
in the opposite direction.
The solid shaft extends beyond the hollow shaft at each end and has an external
journal at one end; the hollow shaft also has an external journal at the end opposite
to the external journal of the solid shaft.
Each of these external journals revolves in a bearing attached to the frame work of
the machine, and the hollow shaft overhangs its stationary bearing.
Each shaft has attached to it a grooved or other belt pulley and these pulleys may
or may not be of the same diameter, although I find it convenient to make the pulley
attached to the solid shaft smaller in diameter than that attached to the hollow
shaft.
The two pulleys are connected the one by a crossed belt, and the other by an open
belt to pulleys on a counter shaft so that when the latter rotates, the hollow shaft and
the solid shaft are caused to rotate in opposite directions.
I attach to the overhanging end of the hollow shaft a circular disc, whose plane is
at right angles to the axis of the shafts, and to this disc which will hereinafter be
termed the inner disc I rigidly connect a second disc of equal diameter, which will
hereinafter be termed the outer disc, having a concentric circular opening for the
introduction of the material to be disintegrated. The outer disc is parallel to and at
some distance from the inner disc and is attached thereto by a number of round bars
arranged at regular intervals round a circle a little within the periphery of the discs,
each bar being parallel to the axis of the shafts. The two discs with their connecting
bars will hereinafter be termed the cage.
The hollow shaft terminates at the inner disc to which it is attached, but the solid
shaft projects some distance into the cage hereinbefore described. The end of this
shaft is tapered and I attach a boss to it by means of a cotter or otherwise and to this
boss I secure by screwing or otherwise a number of radial bars which I call
beaters.
These bars are not in the same plane, but are so arranged that the locus of their
points of attachment to the boss is a helical curve, or approximately so, the pitch of
which is nearly equal to the length of the boss.
The beaters, with the exception of the one next to the inner disc, are splayed away
from the said disc in such a way that the locus of their outer or free ends is a helical
curve the pitch of which is nearly equal to the distance between the discs of the cage.
The length of the beaters is such that they very nearly reach the bars of the cage.
The object of arranging the beaters as herein before described is to leave more room
for, and to facilitate the introduction of the material to be disintegrated, and to
enable the ends of the beaters to command the whole length of the bars of the
cage.
The action of the apparatus is as follows:-
The driving arrangement before described causes the cage and the beaters to rotate
in opposite directions the material to be disintegrated is put into the cage through
the opening in the centre of the outer disc by means of a suitable hopper, it is drawn

page_text: into the cage by the screw like action of the beaters and the inward current of air
induced by centrifugal action, is disintegrated, and forced by centrifugal action
through the bars of the cage; The cage may be surrounded by a casing to collect the
disintegrated material into a suitable receptacle.
Dated this 3rd day of December 1888.
SLOAN & LLOYD BARNES,
26, Castle Street, Liverpool, Applicant's Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Disintegrators.
I, JAMES HEATON HARDY, of 11, Tabor Street; Seacombe, in the county of
Chester, Millwright, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement:-
According to my present invention I construct disintegrators as follows:
I provide two shafts, the one hollow and the other solid; the hollow shaft has an
internal bush at each end, which bushes fit freely on the solid shaft, so that while
the hollow shaft rotates in one direction the solid shaft may be caused to rotate within
it in the opposite direction.
The solid shaft extends beyond the hollow shaft at each end and has an external
journal at one end; the hollow shaft also has an external journal at the end opposite
to the external journal of the solid shaft.
Each of these external journals revolves in a bearing attached to the frame work of
the machine, and the hollow shaft overhangs its stationary bearing.
Each shaft has attached to it a grooved or other belt pulley and these pulleys may
or may not be of the same diameter, although 1 find it convenient to make the pulley
attached to the solid shaft smaller in diameter than that attached to the hollow
shaft.
The two pulleys are connected the one by a crossed belt and the other by an open
belt to pulleys on a counter shaft so that when the latter rotates, the hollow shaft and
the solid shaft are caused to rotate in opposite directions.
I attach to the overhanging end of the hollow shaft a circular disc whose plane is
at right angles to the axis of the shafts, and to this disc, which will hereinafter be
termed the inner disc, I rigidly connect a second disc of equal diameter, which will
hereinafter be termed the outer disc, having a concentric circular opening for the
introduction of the material to be disintegrated. The outer disc is parallel to and at
some distance from the inner disc and is attached thereto by a number of round bars
arranged at regular intervals round a circle a little within the periphery of the discs,
each bar being parallel to the axis of the shafts. The two discs, with their connecting
bars, will hereinafter be termed the cage.
The hollow shaft terminates at the inner disc to which it is attached, but the solid
shaft projects some distance into the cage hereinbefore described. The end of this
shaft is tapered and I attach a boss to it by means of a cotter or otherwise and to this
boss I secure by screwing or otherwise a number of radial bars which I call
beaters.
These bars are not in the same plane, but are so arranged that the locus of their
points of attachment to the boss is a helical curve, or approximately so, the pitch of
which is nearly equal to the length of the boss.
The beaters, with the exception of the one next to the inner disc, are splayed away
from the said disc in such a way that the locus of their outer or free ends is a helical
curve, the pitch of which is nearly equal to the distance between the discs of the cage.
The length of the beaters is such that they very nearly reach the bars of the cage.
The object of arranging the beaters as herein before described is to leave more room
for and to. facilitate the introduction of the material to be disintegrated, and to.

page_text: enable the ends of the beaters to command the whole length of the bars of the
cage.
The action of the apparatus is as follows:-
The driving arrangement before described causes the cage and the beaters to rotate
in opposite directions; the material to be disintegrated is put into the cage through
the opening in the centre of the outer disc by means of a suitable hopper, it is drawn
into the cage by the screw-like action of the beaters and the inward current of air
induced by centrifugal action, is disintegrated, and forced by centrifugal action
through the bars of the cage; The cage may be surrounded by a casing to collect the
disintegrated material into a suitable receptacle.
In order that my invention may be readily understood, reference is made to the
accompanying drawings in which Fig. I is a sectional elevation on the line A A of
Fig. 11, Fig. I is a plan and Fig. III is an elevation (partly in section on the
line B B of Fig. 1) of the improved disintegrator. Figs. IV and V show details of
the boss and beaters attached to the solid shaft.
Throughout the drawings, similar parts are indicated by the same reference
figures.
1 is the frame of the machine having the holding-down bolt-holes 2 and the
adjustable bearings 3 and 4 in which rotate respectively the hollow shaft 5 and the
solid shaft 6.
The bushes 7 and 8, which are fitted tightly in the shaft 5, fit freely on the shaft 6,
and support the latter concentrically within the shaft 5 so that the shafts can be
rotated in opposite directions.
The shafts 5 and 6 are driven by the belt pulleys 9 and 10 respectively, the latter
being secured by the key or feather 11.
12 is the inner and 13 is the outer dise of the cage, 12 being secured to the shaft 5,
and 13 being rigidly attached to 12 by the bars 14 which are rivetted into each disc.
15 is the inlet for the introduction of the material to be disintegrated.
16 is the central boss which carries the beaters 17 to 26 inclusive. 16 is secured to
the shaft 6, and this may conveniently be done, as shown, by tapering the end of the
latter and fitting a cotter through the shaft and into a groove in the face of the
boss.
Fig. IV is an end elevation and Fig. V is a side elevation of the boss 16 and
the beaters.
The beaters are shown screwed into the boss 16, and as shown in Fig. V the locus
of their points of attachment to, the boss is a helical curve, the pitch of which is
nearly equal to the length of the boss.
The helix is shown righthanded and the arrows C C and D D Fig. III show respec-
tively the directions of rotation of the beaters and the cage. If preferred however
the helix may be made left-handed, in which case the rotation of the beaters and the
cage will be in the opposite directions to those indicated by the arrows C and D D
respectively, the object in either case being that the screw-like action of the beaters
will help to draw the material to be disintegrated into the cage.
The boss 16 is considerably shorter than the axial length of the cage in order to
leave the inlet 15 as free as possible.
The beater 26 is parallel to the dise 12, and in order that the beaters may command
the whole length of the bars of the cage the remaining beaters 25, 24, 23, 22, 21, 20,
19, 18, and 17 are splayed away from this disc at a gradually increasing angle, so
that the locus of their free ends is a helical carve the pitch of which is nearly equal
to the distance between the discs.
The pitch of the bars 14 and the clearance space between these bars and the tips of
the beaters depend upon the nature of the material to be disintegrated and the degree
of fineness required. For disintegrating flesh manure I find a clearance space of half
an inch between the bars 14 and the tips of the beaters to give good results.
The countershaft driving pulleys heing of equal diameter, I find it advantageous to
make the pulley 10 smaller than the pulley 9 in the proportion shown in the drawings,
so that the shaft 6 revolves more rapidly than the shaft 5.

page_text: The use in disintegrating machinery of a series of beaters rotating in one direction
surrounded by a casing or cage rotating in the opposite direction, or stationary, is well
known and to such broadly, no claim is made herein.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
.
1. The use in disintegrators of a series of heaters arranged on a helical curve the
pitch of which is greater at the tips of the said beaters than at the roots thereof, sub-
stantially as described and illustrated, and operating substantially as and for the
purposes set forth.
2. In disintegrating machinery, the combination of a cage rotating in one direction,
with a central boss and beaters rotating concentrically within it in the opposite direc-
tion, the beaters being arranged on a helical curve the pitch of which is greater at
the tips of the said beaters than at the roots thereof, substantially as and for the
purposes set forth.
3. The combination and arrangement of parts forming the improved disintegrator,
substantially as described and illustrated in Figs. I, II, III, IV, and V.
Dated this 3rd day of September 1889.
SLOAN & LLOYD BARNES,
26, Castle Street, Liverpool, Applicant's Agents.