Improvements in the Manufacture of Hinges and in Tools to be Employed therefor.
Year: 1899

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Hinges and in Tools to be
Employed therefor.
I, CHARLES HARVEY, of The Swifts, Yardley, near the City of Birmingham,
Manager of Works, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to the manufacture of cased hinges, having a foundation
of steel or iron covered or encased in thin sheet brass, and also to tools to be
employed in connection with the manufacture of such hinges.
In carrying out one form of my invention in connection with the production
of a cased butt hinge, I cut out from sheet steel or iron, a foundation piece
gorresponding to one flap of a hinge and having a series of separated ears
along one edge which are afterwards rolled up to form hollow knuckles. Screw
holes, countersunk or otherwise, are first pierced through the flap, which, with
the knuckles, are encased or enclosed in a tubular or hollow blank, of a length
equal to that of the hinge, and made from a thin brass tube which has been
flattened down at parts to a shape corresponding to that of the half of the hinge
to be cased.
The
After the casing has been placed over the body or foundation, I make the
former conform to the latter by pressing the two elements collectively between
dies, the one consisting of a plan faced plunger whilst the other is troughed, with
one part corresponding to the depth, length and width of the flap and another
part deeper troughed to correspond to and receive the knuckle parts.
covered blank is then by means of a suitable plunger, forced through a mouthed
die, of the exact cross section of the cased hinge to be produced, sc that the
casing metal is, to an extent, drawn down or planished upon the foundation
metal. The metal opposite the screw holes in. the flap is then bulged inwards
and the edges are closed back if necessary, after which the superfluous casing
metal coming over the gaps between the knuckles is cut away, so that when two
such covered blanks with the tumblers of the one corresponding to the gaps of
the other are brought together and pinned up, a stout steel or iron, hinge cased
with brass or other ductile metal is produced.
By the employment of a foundation of iron or steel and making the naked
edges of the foundation knuckles abut against and work upon each other, no
steel washers which, in ordinary brass hinges, are interposed between the
knuckles are required.
Instead of cutting away the parts of the casing metal coming over the gaps
between the knuckles after the casing has been drawn or closed onto the founda-
tion, the said parts may be cut out previous to closing-on of the casing, whilst
nstead of making the foundations from wrought metal, I may employ cast metal
blanks, and further, the casing may be made from flat strips of sheet metal
folded nearly upon itself into a flat U-figure. This section metal may be formed

page_text: in long continuous lengths, which are cut into shorter sections according to the
blanks to be cased, onto which they are placed and the two are drawn together
through a bell-mouth die to give them their finished shape. In this arrange-
ment, the piercings corresponding to the gaps between the knuckles and to the
screw holes are preferably formed in the casing metal when it is in the sheet.
Dated this 4th day of March 1899
CHARLES HARVEY,
By Henry Skerrett,
Agent for Applicant.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Hinges and in Tools to be
Employed therefor.
I, CHARLES HARVEY, of The Swifts, Yardley, near the City of Birmingham,
Works Manager, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to the manufacture of cased hinges of that type in which
a foundation of iron or steel is covered or encased in thin sheet brass or other
metal, and also to the tools and means to be employed in connection with the
manufacture of such cased hinges.
In carrying out one method of making or producing a brass-cased butt hinge,
such as that represented in elevation in Figure 1 and in cross section in Figure 2
of the accompanying drawings, of which Figure 3 shows an elevation of the two
halves separately and Figure 4 an end view thereof, I first cut out from sheet
steel or iron a blank a, such as represented in elevation in Figure 5 and in edge
view (of one of them) in Figure 6. Each blank foundation pieces, corresponds
to one flap of the hinge and has along one edge, a series of separated ears a',
Countersunk or
which are afterwards rolled up to form hollow knuckles a².
other screw holes such as a³, are also pierced through the flap, which, with its
knuckles, is next enclosed or encased in a sheet brass tubular blank such as
shown separately in Figure 7 and marked b, and which is of a length equal to the
hinge to be produced.
After the casing has been placed over the body or foundation, as represented
in elevation in Figure 8 and cross section in Figure 9, the former is made to
conform to and take the shape of the latter by acting upon them by suitable dies
or tools, which stretch the casing metal tightly onto the foundation by gathering
on or closing in the said metal at the junction of the knuckle beading with the
body of the flap thereby producing covered hinge flaps, such as represented in
elevation in Figures 10 and 11, which show the opposite halves of the hinge in
this stage. The metal opposite the screw holes may either be pierced or both
pierced and bulged inwards as represented in Figure 3, and the superfluous casing
metal coming over the gaps between the knuckles is cut away, so that when two
such covered blanks with the knuckles of the one corresponding to the gaps of
the other are brought together and pinned up, a stout steel or iron hinge, cased
with brass or other ductile metal is produced. The edges of the butts a, may
either be left naked to expose the foundation metal, or the casing metal may be
turned over them as represented in Figure 4.
The initial closing or gathering of the slipped on casing metal around the
foundation blank in order to make the former partake of the figure of the latter
is effected by pressing the two elements between a pair of suitable dies or press

page_text: tools, after which the hinge flap is finished or planished and its edges
fetched up sharp or squared by forcing the same through a mouthed die of the
exact cross section of the hinge-flap to be produced.
Figure 12 represents a section of a pair of dies suitable for effecting the clos-
ing-on process, the same being separated and shown with the foundation and
slipped on casing lying on the bottom die.
Figure 13 is another view of the said tools, but showing the same closed
together and with cased hinge-flap between them.
Figure 14 is a plan of the upper die or plunger and Figure 15 an elevation of
the pair of tools without the article between them.
Figure 16 is an elevation showing the inner side of the mouthed finishing or
planishing die.
Figure 17 is a longitudinal section of the said press tools and finishing die,
showing a preferred arrangement of the same, with the cased flap in the act of
being forced from between the open-ended press tools and into and through the
finishing dies, by a mechanically-operated plunger or force.
Figure 18 represents an end elevation of a machine designed to effect both the
closing of the casing metal onto the foundation or base of the hinge flap and the
finishing of the cased article by the forcing-through process.
Figure 19 represents a longitudinal vertical section of the said machine taken
upon the dotted liner, Figure 18.
The press tools represented in the said Figures 12 to 19, consist of a top die or
plunger e and a fixed bottom die f, the matrices e, f, of which together corre-
spond to the cross section which the cased hinge flap is to have, whilst the
finishing die y has a pass g', of the same shape as the exact finished section of
the said flap, with a mouth or lead g², presented to the rearward open-end e³ of
the said matrix of the press tools to facilitate the passage of the article from the
press-tool dies into and through the planishing die by a plunger h.
The operation of closing or gathering the casing metal tightly onto and around
the foundation blank is principally effected by the edge e, of the top die e first
impinging upon the said casing metal at the point, and forcing the same
downwards, thereby stretching the said metal circumferentially and gathering it
tightly around the said foundation blank upon all sides, whilst when the dies are
forced fully home, the closing of the casing around the whole surface of the
foundation is completed.
By the employment of a foundation of iron or steel and making the naked
edges of the foundation knuckles abut against and work upon each other, the
necessity is obviated of employing steel washers, such as usually interposed
between the meeting ends of the knuckles of ordinary, brass hinges, for the
purpose of taking the wear.
Both the stretching on and finishing operations may be effected in separate and
distinct machines, but I prefer to conduct the two processes consecutively in one
machine, such as that represented in Figures 18 and 19.
In this machine, e represents the top die, f the bottom die, g the finishing die
and the force or plunger. The bottom die f is stationary, being suitably
secured to the top or bed it, of the framing i.but the upper die or plunger e, is
carried by a slide e, working or reciprocating vertically within guides e², sup-
ported by tubular standards or sleeves e, bolted to the said framing, and
terminates in a cross head e, from the ends of which, a pair of connecting
rods e³, proceed downwardly through the sleeves e³, (which act as guides to them)
and through to the underside of the bed plate, where they each are fitted with an
open frame e, encircling a cam j adapted to operate upon the said frames and
drag down the sliding connecting rods, thus actuating the top die or plunger,
whose return or lifting movement is effected by a spring or springs. The cams j,
of which a pair are employed, may act against antifriction rollers e, carried by
the frames and are mounted upon a shaft k, running in suitable bearings in the

page_text: main framing and driven by spur gearing having the usual stop motion as used
in ordinary power presses. Each cam has a principal lift j, through the medium
of which the top die or plunger is drawn down onto the sheathed hinge flap lying
on the bottom die, followed by a slight drop at 2, and a long rest, terminating
in a drop The drop and rest, admit of the top die being slightly raised
by the springs so as to ease the pressure upon the article under treatment and
allow it to be forced by the plunger h, out from between the primary dies and
through the finishing die, the slightly separated top and bottom dies meantime
acting as a guide to the said article, and by the time it has been forced through,
the drops, in the camis come into action and allow the top die to be fully raised.
The plunger h, is actuated by a third cam m, also carried by the main shaft k,
and timed or set so as to come into operation immediately after the drops 2, in
the die-cams have permitted the easing or slight separation of the top and bottom
tools. Thus the plunger h, is carried by a slide ', working longitudinally
between guides 72, on the top of the main framing and in line with the open-ended
matrix of the press tools and the mouthed pass of the finishing die. The slide is
connected by a link ³, to one arm *, of a rocking lever h, whose other arm h6,
is connected to a pair of links h, carrying a roller 8, arranged within the path
of the throw of the cam m, and guided by the slots a', of guide brackets n,
depending from the underside of the bed or otherwise supported. By the cam m
acting against the roller 8, the arm is rocked and the force plunger moved
forwards or advanced to force the article under treatment through the finishing
die whilst its return may be effected by a spring, connected to one end to the
arm 6, of the rocking lever and at its other end to a suitable part of the framing.
In order to facilitate the gathering-in and circumferential stretching of the
casing metal by the press tools, I may arrange the dies at an inclination, as
represented in Figures 20 and 21; so that the stretching edge e, which comes'
into operation in advance of the other parts of the dies may obtain direct access
into the hollow (marked 2, or declivity in Figure 12) coming at the junction of
the flap part of the article with the knuckle part.
Instead of making the foundations from wrought metal, I may employ cast
metal blanks such as represented in Figure 22, whilst instead of cutting away
the superfluous casing metal coming over the gaps between the knuckles after
the said casing has been closed onto the foundation, the said parts may be cut
out previous to the said closing-on, in which case I preferably form the said
casings from sheet metal blanks such as that represented in Figure 23, which is
folded nearly upon itself upon the dotted line, into a flattened U-figure, after
which they are gathered onto the foundation blanks and planished in the manner
herein before described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
First: A cased hinge, each half of which comprises a completely-formed
knuckled and gapped foundation or base, made of wrought or cast iron or steel,
encased by a stretched-on tubular sheath of thin brass or other ductile metal,
substantially as herein described, and also as set forth in the accompanying
drawings.
Secondly-In the manufacture of cased hinges of the kind referred to in the
first claim; making the halves or flap sections by placing a tubular ductile metal
sheath over a completely formed wrought or cast iron or steel foundation or base
and then gathering and closing the said casing tightly onto and around the said.
foundation, by operating upon them collectively by dies or press tools, substan-
tially as herein described, and also as set forth in the accompanying drawings.
Thirdly: In the manufacture of cased hinges of the kind referred to in the
first claim; making the halves or flap sections by placing a tubular ductile metal

page_text: sheath over a knuckled and gapped foundation, then gathering and closing the
one onto and around the other by operating upon them collectively in a pair
of dies or press tools, and finally finishing the cased section by forcing the same
through the planishing die through the medium of an advancing plunger or force,
substantially as herein described, and also as set forth in the accompanying
drawings.
Fourthly: In the manufacture of cased hinges, the employment of a pair of
open-ended dies or press tools for gathering and closing the casing metal tightly
onto the foundation in combination with an advancing plunger for forcing the
cased article through a planishing or finishing die, substantially as herein
described and also as set forth in Figures 14 to 23 of the accompanying drawings.
Fifthly In the manufacture of cased hinges, the employment in combination
with a pair of press tools or dies with open-ended matrices, an advancing plunger,
and a finishing die, of means for operating the press tools and advancing the
plunger in order to remove the cased article out of the matrix of the said tools
and convey it to and through the finishing die, substantially as herein described,
and as set forth in Figures 20 and 21.
Sixthly In the manufacture of cased hinges, the employment of gapped or
cut-out sheet metal casing blanks, substantially as herein described and set
forth in Figure 25.
1000
Datet UITIO
CHARLES HARVEY,
By Henry Skerrett
24, Temple Row, Birmingham, Agent for Applicant.