IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Leon Numa Dejean, of Paris, in the French Empire,
Civil Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC
MOTIVE POWER."
Sealed the 25th May 1860, and dated the 29th November 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Leon Numa Dejean at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
November 1859.
I, LEON NUMA DEJEAN, of Paris, in the French Empire, Civil Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
HYDRAULIC MOTIVE POWER," to be as follows:-
Up to the present time it is only the motion of a liquid after it has left a
reservoir in which it has been subjected to pressure that has been employed in
hydraulics. Now this Invention consists in employing as a motive power the
interior flow of water before it has left the reservoir; for which purpose I pro-
pose to employ an apparatus of the following construction, observing that when
a liquid under pressure flowing through a reservoir in the form of a pipe,
leaves it through an orifice of less diameter than the said pipe, the rate at
which it flows through the orifice is not diminished by the presence of a
moveable solid body in the pipe, providing that this body leaves in every part
of the pipe a passage equal in area to that of the orifice.

page_text: The following apparatus is intended to illustrate the application of this prin-
ciple to the production of a motive power. This apparatus consists of a feeding
reservoir connected by a bent cylindrical tube with the pressure reservoir.
These taken together constitute the reservoir of the apparatus; the aforesaid
tube may be either vertical, inclined, or horizontal.
To the said pressure
reservoir there is fitted a mouth-piece, the orifice of which is less than the
diameter of the aforesaid tube. In the interior of the said tube are arranged
several screws of a single thread of less diameter than the tube; these screws
are fixed on spindles which are provided outside with either a pulley, a fly
wheel, a cog wheel, or any other suitable mechanism for transmitting power.
Experiment has demonstrated that on opening the orifice of the before-
mentioned mouth-piece, which may be closed by a sluice, a valve, a cock, or
other suitable means, a flow of the liquid takes place, and that the presence of
the screws does not diminish the amount expended providing the orifice is
smaller than the smallest passage left in the aforesaid tube.
flow of liquid commences, its motion in the tube causes the screws to revolve
with their spindles; this rotation constitutes the motive power, which may be
transmitted as desired. The interior force of the current will therefore be
indefinitely reproduced without affecting the motion of the liquid after it has
left the orifice, seeing that both the speed and the amount expended remain
the same. If required, I place before each of the aforesaid screws an immove-
able screw fixed to the tube, and having its thread running in a contrary
direction to that of the moveable screws. The action of the aforesaid fixed
screw is to impart to the liquid a direction favorable to the rotation of the
moveable screws. The mouthe-piece aforesaid is made with a step arrangement,
for the purpose of increasing the speed of exit of the liquid, by causing it to
undergo a series of contractions. I can, if necessary, use the internal power of
the liquid or fluid to raise the liquid to a higher reservoir after it has left the
aforesaid mouth-piece.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Leon Numa Dejean in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
29th May 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, LEON
NUMA DEJEAN, of Paris, in the French Empire, Civil Engineer, send
greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-third year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Leon Numa Dejean, Her special licence that I, the said Leon
Numa Dejean, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said Leon Numa Dejean, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should.
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and.
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN HYDRAULIC MOTIVE POWER," upon the condition (amongst others) that
I, the said Leon Numa Dejean, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Leon Numa Dejean, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:-
Up to the present time it is only the motion of a liquid after it has left a
reservoir, in which it has been subjected to pressure that has been employed in
bydraulics. Now this Invention consists in employing as a motive power the
interior flow of water before it has left the reservoir; for which purpose I pro-
pose to employ an apparatus of the following construction, observing that when
a liquid under pressure flowing through a reservoir in the form of a pipe
leaves it through an orifice of less diameter than the said pipe, the rate at
which it flows through the orifice is not diminished by the presence of a move-
able solid body in the pipe, providing that this body leaves in every part of the
pipe a passage equal in area to that of the orifice.
The following apparatus is intended to illustrate the application of this prin-
ciple to the production of a motive power. This apparatus consists of a
feeding reservoir, connected by a bent cylindrical tube with the pressure reser-
voir. These taken together constitute the reservoir of the apparatus; the
aforesaid tube may be either vertical, inclined, or horizontal. To the said
pressure reservoir there is fitted a mouth-piece, the orifice of which is less than

page_text: the diameter of the aforesaid tube. In the interior of the said tube are
arranged several screws of a single thread of a less diameter than the tube.
These screws are fixed on spindles, which are provided outside with either a
pulley, a fly wheel, a cog wheel, or any other suitable mechanism for trans-
mitting power. Experiment has demonstrated that on opening the orifice of
the before-mentioned mouth-piece, which may be closed by a sluice, a valve,
a cock, or other suitable means, a flow of the liquid takes place, and that the
presence of the screws does not diminish the amount expended, providing the
orifice is smaller than the smallest passage left in the aforesaid tube. As soon
as the flow of liquid commences, its motion in the tube causes the screws to
revolve with their spindles; this rotation constitutes the motive power, which
may be transmitted, as desired. The interior force of the current will there-
fore be indefinitely reproduced without affecting the motion of the liquid after
it has left the orifice, seeing that both the speed and the amount expended
remain the same. If required, I place before each of the aforesaid screws an
immoveable screw fixed to the tube, and having its thread running in a con-
trary direction to that of the moveable screws. The action of the aforesaid
fixed screw is to impart to the liquid a direction favorable to the rotation of
the moveable screws. The mouth-piece aforesaid is made with a step arrange-
ment for the purpose of increasing the speed of exit of the liquid, by causing
it to undergo a series of contractions. I can, if necessary, use the internal
power of the liquid or fluid to raise the liquid to a higher reservoir after it has
left the aforesaid mouth-piece.
In order to explain my said Invention as completely as possible, I now
proceed to describe the best means I am acquainted with for carrying the same
into practical effect, reference being had to the illustrative Sheet of Drawings
hereunto annexed, and to the numeral figures and letters of reference marked
thereon respectively, as follows:-
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1 exhibits my said improvements in sectional elevation; Figure 2 is
a piece drawn to an enlarged scale to shew the construction thereof more
plainly; Figure 3 is a modification of Figure 1. A is a feed reservoir com-
municating by a bent cylindrical tube B, with a pressure reservoir C. These
parts compose the reservoir, properly speaking, of my system. The tube B
may be placed either vertical, inclined, or horizontal. From the pressure reser-
voir C issues a jet D, the orifice of which is smaller than the diameter of the.
tube B In the interion of the tubo Rora pleand coronal helical frumed vinn

page_text: may
E, E, E, composed of a single spiral, the diameter of which is less than that of
the tube B. These spirals are mounted on axes f, f¹, f", connected on the outside
with a pulley, a fly wheel, a gearing wheel, or any other means of transmitting
motion, as at G. Experience has shown that on opening the orifice D, which
be closed by a sluice gate, a damper, a cock, or any other kind of stopper, the
fluid issues at the same rate notwithstanding the presence of the helical pieces in
the tube providing the orifice D be smaller than the smallest passage left for the
fluid, as it flows through the tube B. When the fluid issues from the orifice its
motion in the interior of the tube B causes the spirals to rotate with their axes,
and transmit motive power; thus the internal force of the current is reproduced
indefinitely, without modifying the motion of the fluid outside the orifice D,
the speed and quantity passing out remaining the same. The diameter of the
tube B may be increased, as also the position of the spirals without diminish-
ing the effect of the internal flow. Sometimes I place in advance of each tube
E, E, E", a counter spiral e, which is fixed to the tube B, and its thread is in
the opposite direction to the moveable spiral; the use of said counter spiral
is to give to the fluid a direction which facilitates the rotation of the moveable
spirals. The graduated jet D', see detail, Figure 2, is intended to increase the
rapidity of the issue of the fluid in subjecting it to a series of successive con-
tractions. The axes of the spirals may be placed in any direction, and the out-
line of the bent tube B may assume any shape. Figure 3 shows another arrange-
ment of spirals or turbines placed at various elevations; the operations of this
arrangement are as follows:-The water from a reservoir a sets in motion
either a double spiral or an ordinary turbine H, the water passes from thence
into a second basin or reservoir a' placed on a lower level than the first reser-
voir, then into a third reservoir giving motion to the turbines or spirals H¹, H",
placed respectively in each reservoir. The axis d of each double spiral or
turbine is sufficiently long to form a transmission shaft, carry a pulley, gearing
wheel, &c.; regulators c, c, allow of the speed of the spirals being mode-
rated or even of their being stopped. My Invention, which is based upon the
displacement and back action of the fluid contained in the reservoir acting on
the spirals, and thus producing a motive power. I can also use this internal
power of the fluid or liquid existing in the tube B for raising it on its issue
to a higher level.
Having now fully described and set forth the nature and object of my said
Invention of "Improvements in Hydraulic Motive Power," together with the
best means I am acquainted with for carrying the same into practical effect, I
would remark in conclusion, that I hereby declare my Invention to consist in,

page_text: and I claim, the means above particularly described and represented by the
accompanying Drawing, by which I effect my said improvements in hydraulic
motive power.
In witness whereof, I, the said Leon Numa Dejean, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of May, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty.
Witness,
F. B. COLLIARDÉ,
Employé à Paris,
42, Rue St. Sébastien.
LEON NUMA DEJEAN. (L.B.)