Improvements in Churns.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Apr., 1891-Accepted, 30th May, 1891
Improvements in Churns.
I ADAM SPIES of Mudgee in the Colony of New South Wales Mechanical
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
This invention relates to certain improvements in churns by which it is made
possible at a very cheap cost to keep the cream at a uniform and the most service-
able temperature during its churning into butter and at the same time to have a
churn which may be easily freed of the made butter and be easily and quickly
cleaned.
A churn constructed according to this invention has within it a series of
circulating pipes through which is passed a fluid whose temperature is naturally
suitable for the purpose of reducing or increasing the temperature of the contents
of the churn to the required degree or a fluid whose temperature is regulated by
artificial means to the most suitable degree for such purpose. While such
circulating pipes might be made part of the beaters of a churn in which the
container is stationary yet it is preferred that the container should have motion
and the churning be achieved by the continuous throwing of the cream against its
sides. A churn constructed according to this invention of whatever sectional form
that may be desired is hung upon hollow trunnions which form the supply and
discharge of the circulating fluid which passing in by one of them is distributed by
radial pipes to the tubes or pipes and again passes to the centre and away by the
other trunnion. The circulating tubes or pipes are constructed with peculiar heads
or caps so that they may be quickly and easily withdrawn from the churn in order
that the latter may be thoroughly washed or otherwise cleansed. A dummy plug
is placed in the orifice left by the withdrawal of the pipes so that a flush surface is
presented during the cleansing process. The circulating pipes or tubes may be
straight through pipes or they may be compound pipes or tubes so that the supply
and discharge may take place at one end and thus while making the one trunnion a
compound pipe avoid the necessity of both trunnions being hollow.
But in order that this invention may be clearly understood reference will now be
made to the drawings herewith in which
Figures 1 and 2 are longitudinal sectional elevation and end elevation partly in
section respectively of a square churn constructed according to the present
improvements.
Figure 3 is a longitudinal sectional elevation on a larger scale of a through
circulating tube or pipe in such churn and
Figure 4 a similar view of a compound circulating tube or pipe which might be
used as a modification.
Figures 5 and 6 show the constructions of hollow and solid dummy flush plugs.
Figure 7 is a sectional elevation of a modified.construction of a through circulating
pipe and
Figure 8 a similar view of a centre piece to be used in connection therewith.
Figure 9 is a similar view of a compound circulating tube or pipe and
Figure 10 similar view of centre piece for connecting to supply and discharge
pipes.
To the ends of a wooden container or churn A made in the usual manner the
centre pieces A¹ are affixed by screws or bolts such centre pieces forming the
terminations of pipes or trunnions B which have bearings in plummer blocks B¹ on
top of frame or trestles B² and terminate in universal joints B³ connecting them
respectively to supply and discharge pipes C and D but at the same time allowing

page_text: of free movement. The circulating tubes or pipes E rest in flanged cap pieces E¹
fixed on the outside of either ends of the churn said cap pieces having removable
caps E' and connecting pipes E3 and E the former to supply centre pieces and the
latter to discharge centre pieces. On one end of the tubes or pipes E is a flange E³
while the other has a male screw E and a nut E' so that packing E" being placed
under said flange E³ and under the nut E' and the latter being screwed up upon
screw E a fluid tight joint may be quickly made at both ends of the tube and by
removing caps E and unscrewing nut E' the pipe itself may be quickly withdrawn
and a plug jambed or screwed in the orifice with its surface F flush with the
inside of the churn end. In the modified construction of circulating pipe E shown
in Figure 4 where the supply passes through one part e of a compound pipe and
returns through the other part e¹ the one end of the outside pipe terminates in a
centre piece fitting in a socket es let into the inside of the churn end while the
other end terminates in orifices e and has a double flange through which the inner
pipe passes to its terminating orifices e. The centre piece has connections E³
and E to supply and discharge centre pieces one joining a pipe carried around on
the outside to the centre piece of the hollow trunnion or pipe on the opposite end
of the churn or connecting with a pipe inside and revolving with the trunnion pipe
from which it may be led away outside of a bearing joint which must be made on
both the outer and inner pipes. The set screw in the cap f being screwed in
makes joints by pressing flanges e and e' on packing in recesses in said centre
piece and prevents leakage into the churn or between the supply and discharge.
The course of the circulating fluid is then from supply either through an
independent pipe from a centre piece A' connected to the hollow trunnion on the
opposite end of churn or from one of a compound pipe forming the trunnion
through pipe E orifices e" pipe e pipe e¹ orifices e to discharge connecting pipe E*.
The cap being removed the compound pipe e e¹ may be easily and quickly with-
drawn and a dummy flush plug F inserted in the orifice.
In operation a fluid preferably water either taken from an underground tank or
well which water is generally of about the temperature required is pumped up to
the supply pipe C and thence passes through the circulating tubes or pipes and
away either to waste or back to the tank or well and in so passing through the
churn reduces or increases the temperature of the cream therein as may be required.
But where well water or other fluid of suitable temperature is not handy the water
supplied may
be artificially regulated to the temperature of say sixty to sixty-three
degrees (60° to 63°) Fahrenheit either by cooling it with ice or by other means or
heating it with steam fire or other means and being passed through the circulating
pipes at such temperature it will effectively serve the purpose of reducing or
increasing the temperature of the contents.
Referring to Figures 7 and 8 which show a modified arrangement of a circulating
tube or pipe and of the connections between the same and the central supply and
discharge pipes forming trunnions of the churn. The pipe or tube E has at one end
a head e with flange e" and reduced final e" and it fits water-tightly in flanged
ring while the other end of said tube has reduced end or head (and a further
reduced final e) with screw thread thereon and a nut els for tightening the whole
tube in and between the ends of the churn in such a way that said tubes may be
easily removed for cleaning. With these tubes centre pieces A¹ (as shown in
Figure 8) are used being brazed or otherwise fixed on supply and discharge pipes
forming the trunnions of the churn. These centre pieces have stud pipes or finalse"
protruding therefrom. Now in use flexible pipes or ordinary hose E and E* make
connection between the centre pieces A' and the respective tubes E one end of each
hose being slipped over or thrust upon stud pipes or finals e" while the other end
takes over either final e or e¹s as the case may be.
Referring to the modifications shown in Figures 9 and 10 the compound tube or
pipe E terminates at one end in a centre piece e fitting into a socket elet into the
inside of the churn end (similar to that shown in Figure 4) while the other end has
a head e¹³ with flanges e¹ which fits water-tightly into a centre piece f having

page_text: b
male screw and flanged nut f which when screwed up makes a water-tight joint
between flange" and centre piece f³. The supply pipe e is within tube E passes
through head e¹ and terminates in bend by means of which the fluid is supplied
to tube E while a discharge pipe e' is fitted to the head e¹ and terminates in
bend. The centre piece A' (shown in Figure 10) is used in connection with
this compound tube. The supply pipe with universal joint is water-tightly
connected to the supply chamber a of centre piece A' which is divided from the
discharge chamber a² by partition a³ each chamber having stud pipes or finals e¹
from which flexible pipes E and E make connection with the bends 20 and 21
respectively of pipes e and e'. In operation the water is supplied through pipe 6
to chamber a and thence through flexible pipes E³ connected to stud pipes or
finals and bends 20 and passes through pipe e and back through tube E to
discharge through pipe el flexible pipe E chamber a and pipe or trunnion B to
waste pipe or hopper G. The compound tubes E may be easily and quickly with-
drawn so that the churn may be cleaned by slipping the hoses or flexible pipes E³
and E' off their respective bends 20 and e" and then unscrewing nut f' from male
screw when the tube may be drawn out and a dummy plug F inserted in centre
piece ³.
It is to be understood that the fluid instead of passing through one of the
circulating tubes and pipes and then being discharged might pass through two or
more or the whole of the pipes before passing away. The essential feature of this
invention being the circulating pipes passing directly through the interior of the
churn and thus being in close contact with the contents.
Having now particularly described and explained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is :-
First. The combination and arrangement with the other parts of a churn of tubes
pipes or such like for circulating Huids of suitable temperature (within them)
through the contents of such churn substantially as herein described.
Second. The combination and arrangement with a churn to which revolving
motion is imparted and with circulating pipes through said churn of hollow
trunnions connected to supply and discharge pipes and connected to said circulating
pipes substantially as herein described and explained.
Third. In a churn of the class set forth the combination and arrangement with
supply and discharge pipes and hollow trunnions of distributing centre pieces such
as A connecting pipes such as E³ or E* and circulating tubes or pipes passing
through the churn substantially as herein described and explained and as illustrated
in the drawings.
Fourth. In a churn of the class set forth the combination and arrangement with
circulating tubes or pipes therethrough such as E and means for supplying and
withdrawing fluid of flanged ends such as E' screwed end such as E nut such as E7
packing such as E³ cap pieces such as E¹ and caps such as E' substantially as
herein described and explained and as illustrated in the drawings.
Fifth. In a churn of the class set forth the combination and arrangement with
circulating tubes or pipes therethrough such as e e¹ having orifices and means for
supplying and withdrawing fluid such as e and e' of centre piece such as e³ and its
socket such as e cap piece such as set screw such as Hanges such as eⓇ and e
and cap such as f* substantially as herein described and explained and as illustrated
in the drawings.
Sixth. In a churn of the class set forth the combination and arrangement with
circulating tubes therethrough such as E of reduced ends or finals such as e¹ and e
flexible pipes or hose such as E and E' and a centre piece such as A' having stud
pipes or finals such as e substantially as herein described and explained and as
illustrated in the drawings.
Seventh. In a churn of the class set forth the combination and arrangement with
compound circulating tubes such as Ee e¹ of parts such as those marked a¹ a² a³ ô b¹

page_text: ely ela elo e20 ell få ff* E' and E' substantially as herein described and explained
and as illustrated in the drawings.
Eighth. In a churn of the class set forth having orifices through and in which
circulating tubes or pipes may be fixed the combination and arrangement with such
orifices whether screwed or not of dummy flush plugs such as F substantially as
herein described and explained and as illustrated in the drawings.
Ninth. The combination and arrangement together of the mechanical parts
described and set forth forming an improved churn substantially as herein explained
and as illustrated in the drawings.
Dated this 16th day of March One thousand eight hundred and ninety-one.
ADAM SPIES.
Manager.
H. CROSSING,
G. F. Redfern & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicant.