AN IMPROVED APPLICATION OF PRINTED DESIGNS TO COTTON AND OTHER FABRICS, AND FOR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT DURING THE PROCESSES OF PRINTING AND FINISHING SUCH FABRICS
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Hewitt, of the City of Manchester, Com-
mission Agent, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED APPLICATION OF
PRINTED DESIGNS TO COTTON AND OTHER FABRICS, AND FOR IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE TREATMENT DURING THE PROCESSES OF PRINTING AND FINISHING SUCH
FABRICS."
Sealed the 30th November 1858, and dated the 19th June 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Hewitt at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
June 1858.
I, SAMUEL HEWITT, of the City of Manchester, Commission Agent, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED APPLI-
CATION OF PRINTED DESIGNS TO COTTON AND OTHER FABRICS, AND FOR IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE TREATMENT DURING THE PROCESSES OF PRINTING AND FINISHING SUCH
FABRICS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in printing the design on both sides of the fabric,
and dyeing with fast colours, in imitation of woven goods for making articles of
wearing apparel. The processes of dyeing and soaping these fabrics are
similar to those hitherto adopted when treating ordinary printed calico, but
the finishing is effected by passing the fabrics through a shearing machine and
between calender rollers, by which the nap is slightly raised, and a soft finish
obtained. These fabrics have every appearance of woollen eloth, and require
no linings or facings when made up into garments.

page_text: Also in printing a pattern on one side of the fabric and a different pattern
on the other side for curtains, hangings, and other articles, and dyed up or made
fast colours, which will obviate the necessity of having another piece for lining
or facing, as now required and used.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Samuel Hewitt in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
18th December 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, SAMUEL
HEWITT, of the City of Manchester, Commission Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-first year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Samuel Hewitt, Her special licence that I, the said Samuel Hewitt,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Samuel Hewitt, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED
APPLICATION OF PRINTED DESIGNS TO COTTON AND OTHER FABRICS, AND FOR
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT DURING THE PROCESSES OF PRINTING AND
FINISHING SUCH FABRICS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said Samuel Hewitt, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in
the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Samuel Hewitt, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement (that is to say) :-
The nature of my said Invention consists in printing the design on one or
both sides of cotton or other woven fabrics having a pattern thrown up in the
weaving on the face side, and then dyeing such printed fabrics in fast colors,

page_text: also in the treatment during the processes of printing and finishing the printed
fabrics, the object of these improvements being to produce fabrics on which
the design is printed in imitation of those fabrics in which the design is woven,
thereby improving the appearance of the fabrics, increasing their durability,.
and reducing the expense in their production.
In performing my Invention, I employ fabrics made of doubled yarns, which
are fully bleached before they are printed. In producing pinks, blacks,
purples, buffs, chocolate, and red colors, the pattern or design is first printed
on the fabric in the usual manner, and on one or both sides, and then the
fabric is dyed and soaped, or raised to make the colors perfectly fast. When
blues, greens, and other steam colors are used, the fabrics are prepared by
passing through a solution of tin, as is sometimes customary, so that when the
colors are afterwards raised by steam they will not be injured by washing,
although they are not so fast as those above referred to.
When the usual processes of printing, dyeing, steaming, and soaping are
completed, the fabrics are dried by passing them over heated tin rollers, or by
any other convenient means; they may then be and are generally stiffened
and finished by passing between calendar rollers. In finishing my improved
fabrics I dispense with the use of size or stiffening.
My improvements are particularly applicable in producing fabrics having
small plaid or other patterns, as the pattern printed on the fabric by the
engraved roller and that produced in the weaving, when combined, impart the
same appearance to the fabric as when the pattern is produced in weaving
dyed warp and weft, and as no stiffening is employed in finishing these
fabrics after passing through the various processes of printing, dyeing,
soaping, and drying, the fabrics are so milled up that they will not again
shrink when washed, as is the case in woollen and mixed fabrics. These
fabrics have every appearance of woollen cloth, and are more durable in
color.
Another part of my Invention consists in printing a different pattern on
each side of the fabric, and then dyeing or otherwise making the same into fast
colors; or these fabrics may be printed in steam colors, and subjected to the
processes of preparing and raising by steam, as previously described. These
fabrics are particularly suitable for curtains, hangings, and other similar
articles, as the linings or facings usually required are printed on separate
pieces of cloth, but by my plan they are dispensed with, thereby saving the
expense of the pieces used as linings or facings for such printed fabrics.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I declare that I claim,-

page_text: First, the improved application of printed designs to cotton and other
fabrics, as described.
Secondly, the improvements in treating and finishing printed woven fabrics,
as described.
And, thirdly, the printing a different pattern on each side of fabrics for 5
curtains, hangings, and other similar articles, as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Hewitt, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight.
SAMUEL HEWITT. (L.S.)