IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR TRANSMITTING, ALTERNATING, REVERSING, CONTROLLING, AND ARRESTING THE MOTIONS OF WINCHES, HOISTS, CRANES, AND ELEVATORS, PARTS OF WHICH ARE APPLICABLE TO HAULING, TO OPERATING BALING AND OTHER PRESSES, AND TO OTHER PURPOSES."
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Aldridge Weston, of 169, Fleet Street, in the
City of London, and of Stamford, Connecticut, in the United States of
America, Mechanical Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR TRANSMITTING, ALTERNATING, REVERSING, CONTROLLING, AND
ARRESTING THE MOTIONS OF WINCHES, HOISTS, CRANES, AND ELEVATORS,
PARTS OF WHICH ARE APPLICABLE TO HAULING, TO OPERATING BALING AND
OTHER PRESSES, AND TO OTHER PURPOSES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Aldridge Weston
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th May 1879.
"
THOMAS ALDRIDGE WESTON, of 169, Fleet Street, in the City of London, and
of Stamford, Connecticut, in the United States of America, Mechanical Engineer.
'IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR TRANSMITTING, ALTERNATING, REVERSING,
CONTROLLING, AND ARRESTING THE MOTIONS OF WINCHES, HOISTS, CRANES, AND
ELEVATORS, PARTS OF WHICH ARE APPLICABLE TO HAULING, TO OPERATING BALING,
AND OTHER PRESSES, AND TO OTHER PURPOSES."
In order to transmit alternately to a winch barrel either a safety motion, self
arrested, both in hoisting and lowering, or a dispatch motion, self arrested, in
hoisting but not in lowering, or a self releasing motion to the barrel when the load
overcomes the operator and forces the crank handle backwards against his applied
force, I place the barrel loose on the crank shaft. Near one end is pinned to the
said shaft a plain collar, and next to it a ratchet wheel, also loose on the shaft,
having a paul hung to the supporting frame or housing, this first ratchet wheel
having its side or a flange of corresponding size for frictional action with the adja-
cent barrel end. The other end of the barrel is likewise faced for like frictional
action with a second loose ratchet wheel having on its side furthest from the barrel
a boss with a spiral inclined face, the said incline acting with and upon the cor-
responding incline of a fixed collar attached to the shaft. This last named or second
ratchet wheel has like the first oue a paul hung to the frame. Both ratchets act
the same way, allowing motion in the direction of the driving motion of the inclines.
The friction face of the first ratchet wheel and that of the adjacent barrel end are
larger in diameter than those of the other ratchet wheel and its end of the barrel,
to give an increased frictional action thereto, and the operation is as follows:-With
Price 1021

page_text: the paul of the first ratchet wheel in action and the paul of the second one thrown
out, the safety or self arrested hoisting and lowering motion of the spiral inclines
before named is obtained. With both pauls in action the dispatch or quick
lowering motion of the said inclines is obtained, and with both pauls thrown out a
third result is obtained, wherein the operator can drive the barrel in the direction
for hoisting so long as his force is sufficient, but if overpowered so that the barrel
begins to turn backwards against him, the barrel then releases itself from the
driving action of the inclines and turns backward on the shaft, leaving the shaft
free and the crank handle at rest in the operator's hands, and he is thus protected
from the danger of the handle flying backwards or escaping from his grasp.
During this automatic release and backward turning of the barrel his applied force
though too small to arrest wholly the load and again raise it serves to check the
backward motion at his discretion, and hoisting may be instantly resumed by using
sufficient applied force. This last named feature of safety will be found valuable in
the winches used for sea dredging, when in drifting with the wind or current the
dredge or scraper suddenly meets with an obstruction, and the two first named
features are of value as making one winch fulfil alternately the separate functions
of two.
In order to make the safety driving and lowering motion of the aforesaid spiral
inclines automatically reversible and applicable in a hoist to a train of spur wheels
of one or more pairs, or to the toothed rack bar of a lifting jack or press, I place
upon the screw threaded part of a driving shaft a toothed pinion internally screw
threaded to fit and work upon the screw threads of the shaft, the said screw threads
taking the place of the spiral inclines. Upon one side of the pinion I place loose
on the shaft a right hand ratchet wheel and upon the other side a left hand one,
also loose on the shaft. Outside of each ratchet wheel I place a fixed collar to
secure the said ratchet wheels and pinion in longitudinal position. The face of the
pinion is wider than the wheel or rack bar, to permit its travel longitudinally upon
the screw threaded shaft; suitable right and left pauls for the ratchet wheels are
hung to the frame. By turning the said driving shaft either way the self arrested
driving and releasing action of the screw threads is made available in both direc-
tions, and automatically reversible for driving the spur wheels of hoists, geared
pulley blocks, lifting jacks, or presses.
In order to transmit the driving power conveniently in pivoted or swing cranes
provided with the said safety spiral inclines or with other hoisting gear I place
the said gearing at the outer end of the boom or horizontal beam of the crane, with
the hoisting chain hanging vertically therefrom at the peak or extreme radial point
of the crane, and the driving shaft I place in line with and along the boom, one end
resting in the crab or hoisting gear and the other passing out at the back of
the crane post or vertical portion of the crane frame, and projecting sufficiently
to receive a sprocket wheel or other convenient driver. Thus the hoisting gear
is placed directly over the load to which the hoisting chain may be attached
without turning corners and causing friction, such as occurs when the said gear is
at the back or lower part of the crane, remote from the load.
.
In order to transmit rotatory motion to the driving shaft last named, or to the
driving shafts of hoists provided with the said spiral inclines, or to the driving shaft
of a differential pulley, I place thereon two ratchet levers having the teeth of their
ratchet wheels respectively right and left hand. Each lever is weighted or has a
spring to raise it (when left free) to the highest point of its stroke, at which point
its paul is disengaged by a suitable stop from its ratchet wheel. Upon pulling the
lever downwards away from the stop its paul at once enters the teeth of the
ratchet wheel and drives or rotates it. Thus one lever will furnish a right hand
and the other a left hand rotatory motion to the shaft by direct leverage with the
minimum of friction, and the hoist, or press, or pulley block, or other machine may
be thus driven in either direction.
In order to transmit alternately the hoisting and lowering motions of a winch
or hoist from a common crank shaft or driving shaft I place the winding barrel

page_text: loosely upon the main shaft, providing one end of the barrel with an enlarged
flange or friction face, or with friction discs to connect it frictionally with the
adjacent and corresponding friction face or discs of the main spur wheel, the latter
being fixed to the shaft. The other end of the barrel is provided with a boss
having a spiral incline face in contact with a corresponding spiral incline formed
upon the boss or centre of a light spur wheel or lowering wheel placed loose upon
the shaft. A collar fixed to the shaft confines the lowering wheel in position thereon.
The spiral faced boss of the barrel is surrounded by a circle of ratchet teeth cast
thereon, and a paul or pauls capable of being thrown in and out of gear therewith
are placed upon the lowering wheel. When the pauls are thrown out of action the
lowering wheel can turn with its spiral boss ascending the spiral boss of the
barrel, thus forcing it into frictional engagement with the main spur wheel or
driver. When the pawls are acting, the last named turning motion of the lowering
wheel pushes the ratchet teeth upon the barrel end. before it, and thus prevents the
coupling or ascending motion of the incline or spiral faces. This action is useful
for taking up slack rope upon the barrel, which is then driven in the direction for
hoisting by the lowering wheel, the barrel turning upon its shaft, which with the
main spur wheel and connected driving gear all remain at rest. To transmit the
said quick hoisting and winding motion, and alternate it either with the ordinary
hoisting motion of the main spur wheel and shaft or the ordinary lowering motion
of the lowering wheel, I place a pinion shaft with the usual cranks or handles in
suitable bearings in the frame, and thereon secure a pinion to gear with the teeth
of the lowering wheel when desired, and also another pinion to gear with the main
wheel or with the pinions and wheels forming therewith a train of gearing. I place
the said two pinions on the crank shaft at such distance that by sliding the shaft
lengthwise one pinion only can be in gear; or the pinions may slide upon keys
fixed to the shaft with like effect. The main spur wheel has thereon a circle of
strong ratchet teeth, the pawls acting thereon being hung to the winch frame and
arranged differentially in regard to the ratchet teeth. These pawls are made
incapable of being thrown out of action, so that the main wheel and its train can
never be released therefrom to turn backwards. Thus with perfect safety the
driving or crank shaft and its pinion may at any moment be slipped from engage-
ment with the main spur wheel when the load upon the barrel will rest upon the
ratchet teeth and pauls of the main spur wheel. The crank shaft may then be
employed to drive through its other pinion, the lowering wheel, and lower the
load; or if there be no load suspended the crank shaft may be employed to drive
the barrel in either direction independently of the main spur wheel and main shaft,
which are still and undisturbed, for coiling and uncoiling slack rope, as heretofore
explained, simply by throwing into action the pawls and ratchet wheel attached to
the spiral inclines of the barrel and lowering wheel. To avoid the sliding of the
crank shaft or its pinions I connect the said pinions to the shaft by means of
ratchet teeth and pawls acting in contrary directions, so that a simple reversing of
the rotatory motion of the shaft suffices to alternate the hoisting and lowering
motions.
In order to transmit the hoisting motion of a suitable driving spur wheel
or train of spur gearing to a chain wheel or winding drum, and to transmit
also to the same chain wheel when required, the lowering or hoisting motion of
a worm wheel and worm, alternating the said motions at pleasure,-I place,
detached from each other and loose upon a common fixed shaft, a main spur
wheel or equivalent rotatory driver and a worm wheel, and between then I place
the winding drum or equivalent chain wheel. The worm wheel is provided with the
usual engaged worm and shaft. The spur wheel is driven by a single pinion or by
a train of gearing as required. Between the spur wheel and chain drum is a
ratchet or pauls, or other clutching device, whereby the spur wheel may drive the
drum (for hoisting) or be disconnected therefrom. Between the drum and worm
wheel is also a clutch or detents, or pauls, whereby the drum is permitted to turn

page_text: one way for hoisting and pauled or checked from turning the other way or back-
ward in the direction for lowering.
When the driving or hoisting motion ceases the said pauls or clutch connecting
the drum and worm wheel sustain the load against the stationary worm wheel,
whereby the load may be lowered by turning its worm shaft in the usual manner.
To avoid imparting this lowering motion of the drum to the spur wheel or driver
the latter must be uncoupled therefrom by withdrawing the clutch or detents used
to connect them when hoisting. The spur wheel or its train of gearing may be
provided with the usual strap brake or other quick lowering device, to operate
which the clutch or detents between the drum and worm wheel must be thrown
out of engagement, and as the load then will depend wholly upon the spur wheel
and its brake it may be lowered thereby rapidly, as desired. By thus isolating the
hoisting devices and lowering worm wheel from each other both may be arranged
and operated independently without any mutual complications or limitations.
Thus the spur wheel for hoisting or its equivalent may be rotated by any known
device, as, for instance, the usual reciprocating ship's windlass levers or brakes;
any variety of speeds may be used, and, as above explained, rapid lowering may be
effected upon the hoisting side of the machine through a common friction strap, if
desired, as an alternative to the slower lowering motion of the worm wheel suited
to heavier loads or exact adjustment of the same. If desired the worm lowering
device may also be employed for lifting.
A further advantage afforded is the capacity of the detachable spur wheel or
hoisting device for operating alternately or together either or both of two winding.
drums, one upon each side, both drums, if desired, being provided with the detach-
able worm lowering wheel hereinbefore described.
In order to provide a hoisting machine in which the alternating of the hoisting
and lowering motions may be effected with the greatest certainty, safety, and
despatch for use where the moving of clutches or sliding of shafts is objectionable I
place upon a common fixed shaft loosely two toothed chain wheels formed to
engage with the links of a hoisting chain, and this chain I make an endless one
and place it upon both chain wheels in two loops, in one of which I place an
ordinary single sheave pulley block and hook for attaching a load in the usual
manner. Each loop depends from both chain wheels, one of which serves to take
up chain from the loop containing the pulley block, and thus raise the latter or
perform hoisting, and the other chain wheel serves to let off chain into the said
loop for lowering. The hoisting chain wheel is driven by spur gearing or other
suitable driving gear. The lowering chain wheel I cast upon or secure to a worm
wheel operated for lowering by a worm shaft, but capable also of hoisting or hauling
in the chain if desired by reversing its rotatory motion. The said hoisting and
lowering motions are always ready for use independently of each other, and their
action may alternate instantly with entire safety.
For the purposes requiring wire cable to be employed in place of chain the
hoisting and lowering wheels must be suitably grooved to grasp and hold the said
cable.
In order to apply the last described arrangement with the endless chain to the
operating of presses for forming bales and compressing the same the platen or
follower of the press may be suspended upon two single sheave pulley blocks, each
one of the latter forming part of one of the said endless chain hoists affixed to the
frame of the press. By operating the said hoists simultaneously the platen may be
lifted to compress a bale or other object, and lowered to release the same. The
application of the several arrangements of hoisting mechanism described to hauling
are obvious, and such as would suggest themselves, consisting essentially of so
altering the position of the hoists that they may pull horizontally or in the direction
required, or of employing sheaves or other devices for turning the direction in
which the hauling or hoisting chain exerts its force.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Thomas Aldridge Weston in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
19th November 1879.
THOMAS ALDRIDGE WESTON, of 169, Fleet Street, in the City of London, and
of Stamford, Connecticut, in the United States of America, Mechanical Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR TRANSMITTING, ALTERNATING. REVERSING,
CONTROLLING, AND ARRESTING THE MOTIONS OF WINCHES, HOISTS, CRANES, AND
ELEVATORS, PARTS OF WHICH ARE APPLICABLE TO HAULING, TO OPERATING BALING
AND OTHER PRESSES, AND TO OTHER PURPOSES."
In order to transmit alternately to a winch barrel either a safety motion self
arrested both in hoisting and lowering, or a dispatch motion self arrested in hoisting
but not in lowering, or a self releasing motion to the barrel when the load overcomes
the operator and forces the crank handle backwards against his applied force, I
place the barrel loose on the crank shaft. Near one end is pinned to the said shaft
a plain collar, and next to it a ratchet wheel, also loose on the shaft, having a paul
hung to the supporting frame or housing, this first ratchet wheel having its sides or
a flange of corresponding size for frictional action with the adjacent barrel end.
The other end of the barrel is likewise faced for like frictional action with a second
loose ratchet wheel having on its side furthest from the barrel a boss with a spiral
incline face, the said incline acting with and upon the corresponding incline of a
fixed collar attached to the shaft. This last nained or second ratchet wheel has like
the first one a paul hung to the frame. Both ratchets act the same way, allowing
motion in the direction of the driving motion of the inclines. The friction face of
the first ratchet wheel and that of the adjacent barrel end are larger in diameter
than those of the other ratchet wheel and its ends of the barrel, to give an increased
frictional action thereto, and the operation is as follows:-With the paul of the first
ratchet wheel in action, and the paul of the second one thrown out, the safety or self
arrested hoisting and lowering motion of the spiral inclines before named is obtained.
With both pauls in action the dispatch or quick lowering motion of the said
inclines is obtained; and with the first paul thrown out a third result is obtained
wherein the operator can drive the barrel in the direction for hoisting so long as his
force is sufficient, but if overpowered so that the barrel begins to turn backwards
against him the barrel then releases itself from the driving action of the inclines and
turns backward on the shaft, leaving the shaft free and the crank handle at rest in
the operator's hands, and he is thus protected from the danger of the handle flying
backwards or escaping from his grasp. During this automatic release and backward
turning of the barrel his applied force, though too small to arrest wholly the load
and again raise it, serves to check the backward motion at his discretion, and hoisting
may be instantly resumed by using sufficient applied force. This last named feature
of safety will be found valuable in the winches used for sea dredging when in
drifting with the wind or current the dredge or scraper suddenly meets with an
obstruction, and the two first named features are of value as making one winch fulfil
alternately the separate functions of two.
In order to make the safety driving and lowering motion of the aforesaid spiral
inclines automatically reversible and applicable in a hoist to a train of spur wheels
of one or more pairs, or to the toothed rack bar of a lifting jack or press, I place
upon the screw threaded part of a driving shaft a toothed pinion internally screw
threaded to fit and work upon the screw threads of the shaft, the said screw threads
taking the place of the spiral inclines. Upon one side of the pinion I place loose
upon the shaft a right hand ratchet wheel, and upon the other side a left hand one,
also loose on the shaft. Outside of each ratchet wheel I place a fixed collar to

page_text: secure the said ratchet wheels and pinion in longitudinal position. The face of the
pinion is wider than the wheel or rack bar to permit its travel longitudinally upon
the screw threaded shaft. Suitable right and left pauls for the ratchet wheels are
hung to the frame. By turning the said driving shaft either way the self arrested
driving and releasing action of the screw threads is made available in both directions
and automatically reversible for driving the spur wheels of hoists, geared pulley
blocks, lifting jacks, or presses.
In order to transmit the driving power conveniently in pivoted or swing cranes
provided with the said safety spiral inclines or with other hoisting gear, I place the
said gearing at the outer end of the boom or horizontal beam of the crane with the
hoisting chain hanging vertically therefrom at the peak or extreme radial point of
the crane, and the driving shaft I place in line with and along the boom, one end
resting in the crab or hoisting gear, and the other passing out at the back of the
crane post or vertical portion of the crane frame and projecting sufficiently to receive
a sprocket wheel or other convenient driver, thus the hoisting gear is placed directly
over the load to which the hoisting chain may be attached without turning corners
and causing friction, such as occurs when the said gear is at the back or lower part
of the crane remote from the load.
In order to transmit rotatory motion to the driving shaft last named, or to the
driving shafts of hoists provided with the said spiral inclines, or to the driving
shaft of a differential pulley, I place thereon two ratchet levers, having the teeth
.of their ratchet wheels respectively right and left hand. Each lever is weighted,
or has a spring to raise it (when left free) to the highest point of its stroke, at
which point its paul is disengaged by a suitable stop from its ratchet wheel. Upon
pulling the lever downwards away from the stop its paul at once enters the teeth
of the ratchet wheel and drives or rotates it. Thus one lever will furnish a right
hand and the other a left hand rotatory motion to the shaft by direct leverage with
the minimum of friction, and the hoist or press or pulley block or other machine
may be thus driven in either direction.
A
In order to transmit alternately the hoisting and lowering motions of a winch or
hoist from a common crank shaft or driving shaft I place the winding barrel loosely
upon the main shaft, providing one end of the barrel with an enlarged flange or
friction face, or with friction, discs to connect it frictionally with the adjacent and
corresponding friction face or discs of the main spur wheel, the latter being fixed to
the shaft. The other end of the barrel is provided with a boss having a spiral
incline face in contact with a corresponding spiral incline formed upon the boss or
centre of a light spur wheel or lowering wheel placed loose upon the shaft.
collar fixed to the shaft confines the lowering wheel in position thereon. The spiral
faced boss of the barrel is surrounded by a circle of ratchet teeth cast thereon, and
a paul or pauls capable of being thrown in and out of gear therewith are placed
upon the lowering wheel. When the pauls are thrown out of action the lowering
wheel can turn with its spiral boss, ascending the spiral boss of the barrel, thus
forcing it into frictional engagement with the main spur wheel or driver. When
the pauls are acting, the last named turning motion of the lowering wheel pushes
the ratchet teeth upon the barrel end before it, and thus prevents the coupling or
ascending motion of the incline or spiral faces. This action is useful for taking up
slack rope upon the barrel, which is then driven in the direction for hoisting by
the lowering wheel, the barrel turning upon its shaft, which with the main spur
wheel and connected driving gear all remain at rest. To transmit the said quick
hoisting or winding motion and alternate it either with the ordinary hoisting
motion by the main spur wheel and shaft or the ordinary lowering motion of the
lowering wheel I place a pinion shaft with the usual cranks or handles in suitable
bearings in the frame, and thereon secure a pinion to gear with the teeth of the
lowering wheel when desired, and also another pinion to gear with the main wheel
or with the pinions and wheels, forming therewith a train of gearing. I place the
said two pinions on the crank shaft at such distance that by sliding the shaft

page_text: lengthwise one pinion only can be in gear; or the pinions may slide upon keys
fixed to the shaft with like effect. The main spur wheel has thereon a circle of
strong ratchet teeth, the pauls acting thereon being hung to the winch frame, and
arranged differentially in regard to the ratchet teeth. These pauls are made incapable
of being thrown out of action, so that the main wheel and its train can never be
released therefrom to turn backwards. Thus with perfect safety the driving or
crank shaft and its pinion may at any moment be slipped from engagement with
the main spur wheel, when the load upon the barrel will rest upon the ratchet
teeth and pauls of the main spur wheel. The crank shaft may then be employed
to drive through its other pinion the lowering wheel and lower the load; or if
there be no load suspended the crank shaft may be employed to drive the barrel
in either direction, independently of the main spur wheel and main shaft, which
are still and undisturbed for coiling and uncoiling slack rope as heretofore explained,
simply by throwing into action the pauls and ratchet wheel attached to the spiral
inclines of the barrel and lowering wheel. To avoid the sliding of the crank shaft
or its pinions I connect the said pinions to the shaft by means of ratchet teeth and
pauls acting in contrary direction, so that a simple reversing of the rotatory
motion of the shaft suffices to alternate the hoisting and lowering motions.
In order to transmit the hoisting motion of a suitable driving spur wheel or
train of spur gearing to a chain wheel or winding drum, and to transmit also to
the same chain wheel when required the lowering or hoisting motion of a worm
wheel and worm, alternating the said motions at pleasure, I place detached from
each other and loose upon a common fixed shaft a main spur wheel or equivalent
rotatory driver and a worm wheel, and between them I place the winding drum
or equivalent chain wheel. The worm wheel is provided with the usual engaged
worm and shaft. The spur wheel is driven by a single pinion or by a train of
gearing, as required. Between the spur wheel and chain drum is a ratchet or pauls or
other clutching device, whereby the spur wheel may drive the drum (for hoisting)
or be disconnected therefrom. Between the drum and worm wheel is also a clutch,
or detents, or pauls, whereby the drum is permitted to turn one way for hoisting,
and pauled or checked from turning the other way or backward in the direction
for lowering.
When the driving or hoisting motion ceases, the said pawls or clutch connecting
the drum and worn wheel sustain the load against the stationary worm wheel,
whereby the load may be lowered by turning its worm shaft in the usual manner.
To avoid imparting this lowering motion of the drum to the spur wheel or driver,
the latter must be uncoupled therefrom by withdrawing the clutch or detents used
to connect them when hoisting. The spur wheel or its train of gearing may be
provided with the usual strap brake or other quick lowering device, to operate
which the clutch or detents between the drum and worm wheel must be thrown
out of engagement, and as the load then will depend wholly upon the spur wheel
and its brake, it may be lowered thereby rapidly as desired. By thus isolating
the hoisting devices and lowering worm wheel from each other, both may be
arranged and operated independently, without any mutual complications or limi-
tations. Thus the spur wheel for hoisting or its equivalent may be rotated by any
known device, as, for instance, the usual reciprocating ship's windlass, levers, or
brakes. Any variety of speeds may be used, and as above explained rapid lowering
may be effected upon the hoisting side of the machine through a common friction
strap, if desired, as an alternative to the slower lowering motion of the worm
wheel suited to heavier loads, or exact adjustment of the same. If desired the
worm lowering device may also be employed for lifting.
A further advantage afforded is the capacity of the detachable spur wheel or
hoisting device for operating alternately, or together, either or both of two winding
drums, one upon each side, both drums if desired being provided with the
detachable worm lowering wheel hereinbefore described.
In order to provide a hoisting machine in which the alternating of the hoisting

page_text: and lowering motions may be effected with the greatest certainty, safety, and
despatch, for use where the moving of clutches or sliding of shafts is objectionable,
I place upon a common fixed shaft loosely, two toothed chain wheels formed to
engage with the links of a hoisting chain, and this chain I make an endless one
and place it upon both chain wheels in two loops, in one of which I place an
ordinary single sheave pulley block and hook for attaching a load in the usual
manner. Each loop depends from both chain wheels, one of which serves to take
up chain from the loop containing the pulley block, and thus raise the latter or
perform hoisting, and the other chain wheel serves to let off chain into the said
loop for lowering. The hoisting chain wheel is driven by spur gearing or other
suitable driving gear. The lowering chain wheel I cast upon or secure to a worm
wheel operated for lowering by a worm shaft, but capable also of hoisting or
hauling in the chain, if desired, by reversing its rotatory motion. The said hoisting
and lowering motions are always ready for use independently of each other, and
their action may alternate instantly with entire safety.
For purposes requiring wire cable to be employed in place of chain, the hoisting
and lowering wheels must be suitably grooved to grasp and hold the said cable.
In order to apply the last described arrangement with the endless chain to the
operating of presses for forming bales and compressing the same, the platen or
follower of the press may be suspended upon two single sheave pulley blocks, each
one of the latter forming part of one of the said endless chain hoists affixed to the
frame of the press. By operating the said hoists simultaneously the platen may
be lifted to compress a bale or other object, and lowered to release the same.
The application of the several arrangements of hoisting mechanism described to
hauling are obvious, and such as would suggest themselves, consisting essentially
of so altering the position of the hoists that they may pull horizontally or in the
direction required, or of employing sheaves or other devices for turning the
direction in which the hauling or hoisting chain exerts its force.
Having described the general features of my Invention, I will now explain in
detail the construction and mode of operation, taking the several parts in the order
followed in the foregoing description.
Figure represents in longitudinal elevation partly sectional, Figure 14 being
a detail, a winch made according to my Invention. The barrel A is loose upon the
shaft B. A plain collar C is pinned to the said shaft, and next to it, but loose on
the shaft, is a ratchet wheel D, having a paul E hung to the frame F. The ratchet
wheel D has an enlarged flange D¹ for frictional action against the similar flange A¹
of the barrel, which latter has at its other end a second friction flange A² of smaller
diameter than A' for frictional action with the other ratchet wheel G. The ratchet
wheel G has a paul H hung to the frame like the paul E, and it has also a helical
or screw faced boss G', shewn in end view in Figure 1A. The screw faced boss G¹
engages with the corresponding helical face of the collar I pinned to the shaft. K is
a crank for driving the barrel, the direction for hoisting being indicated by the
curved arrow. In this direction the helical faces tend to ascend each other, producing
end thrust upon the parts loose upon the shaft and consequent frictional coupling
or brake action between the flanges A¹, D¹, and A, G. The pauls permit such
rotation in the direction of the arrow, and arrest a reverse motion. M is a spring
to ensure frictional contact between the barrel flange A2, the ratchet wheel G, and
the collar I. The action is as follows:-With a load or strain upon the barrel in a
contrary direction to the arrow, effected, for example, by a rope coiled thereon, the
paul E being alone in action and the paul H thrown out, the load is self arrested
both in hoisting and lowering. Upon ceasing to hoist or lower, the friction of the
stationary flange D', held at rest by its paul, holds the barrel still by its friction
flange A¹. The end thrust of the inclines or screw faces G¹, I, arising from the
applied hoisting force, produces the aforesaid sustaining friction, and also the fric-
tional connection of the ratchet wheel G and flange A2, whereby in effect the helical
boss or screw face G¹ becomes for the time an attachment to the barrel. The incline

page_text: faced boss G¹ being thus frictionally attached to the barrel, follows continually or
at once ceases with the lowering or retiring motion of the other incline I, thus
arresting the backward motion of the barrel at any instant that the driving power
is withdrawn, as fully set forth in the Specification of my Letters Patent, No. 1867,
A.D. 1868. With both pauls in action the load is also, as already described, self
arrested at any moment that the act of hoisting ceases, but the lowering action then
becomes the quick lowering action, also fully described in the above named Specifi-
cation. Thus upon winding backwards a part of a revolution with the crank
handle K so as to retire or unscrew the inclines G', I, and destroy the frictional
connection between the barrel flange A' and stationary flange D', the barrel becomes
wholly free to run back, leaving the ratchet G also at rest, which is prevented by
its paul H from following the barrel. The checking or arresting of the load and
barrel, however, can be instantly effected by the operator again moving the crank K
slightly forward in the direction for hoisting, and thus restoring the frictional effect
of the inclines in any degree as he desires either to render the lowering motion
alower or to stop it.
With the paul E thrown out and the paul H only acting the operator may turn
the crank K and hoist or cease hoisting and hold the load by the crank so long as
his applied force suffices to do so, that is, to overcome or equal the load. If, how-
ever, the crank be forced back by the load against him slightly the barrel becomes
free to run back by itself, subject to such partial arrest as the operator may be able
or may desire to effect by still pressing the crank forward in the hoisting direction.
In no case can the barrel carry the crank with it in its revolutions excepting
through the first fraction of a turn, by which it is released, and thus the operator is
protected from injury. When thus lowering, the ratchet flange D¹ being free from
the paul, E accompanies the flange A, which latter, by friction against the collar C,
together with the added friction of the barrel upon the shaft, serve to carry the
shaft also backwards through a slight angle against the operator, thus retiring the
spiral or incline faced collar I from the incline G¹, and freeing the barrel at once from
its shaft and other parts. This last described self releasing action to the barrel is
of particular value in the winches of dredging vessels, where, during the drifting
of the vessel, the dredging scoop or net becomes entangled with any obstacle, such,
for example, as an anchor fluke or a rock.
The superior friction necessary for the flanges A³, D¹, to possess in excess over
that of the faces A, G, may be obtained by superior diameter or by the addition of
the frictional discs shown in the Specification of my Letters Patent, No. 263,
A.D. 1863. In lieu of the plain winding barrel A a toothed chain wheel or other
rotatory part requiring like motions may be substituted and operated by my Inven-
tion in like manner to that now described in regard to Figure 1.
For the purpose
of hauling, the winding rope attached to the barrel A may be led off therefrom
horizontally or obliquely at any angle which the position of the object to be hauled
may require.
Figures 2 and 3 are longitudinal and transverse views, partly sectional, of a spur
pinion and incline or screw faced driving gear made by my Invention automatically
reversible in their self arrested motions for operating a rack bar or train of spur
wheels in both directions, in a hoist, or press, or other machine to which they are
applicable. The pinion A is internally screw threaded to fit and work upon the
corresponding threaded part of the shaft B, the said screw threads taking the place
of the spiral inclines, the action of which is described fully in the Specification of
my aforesaid Letters Patent, No. 1867, A.D. 1868. Upon each side of the pinion A
are ratchet wheels C, D, toothed in opposite directions and kept from backward
motion by pauls C, D, hung to the frame E of the machine; E, G, are plain collars
fixed to the shaft. Between each ratchet wheel and the pinion are a set of the
frictional discs described in the Specification of my Letters Patent, No. 263;
A.D. 1863, to increase the area of frictional contact between each ratchet wheel and
the pinion; H is a rack bar having at each end platens I, K, requiring each to be
operated by the common driver or spur wheel A. Suppose a load upon either

page_text: platen and a corresponding resistance through the toothed rack bar upon the
pinion A. If then the shaft be driven in a direction tending to turn the pinion
against the said resistance and overcome it the shaft will at first turn within the
pinion, and by the screw threads draw it forcibly towards one or other of the
ratchet wheels, until the said ratchet wheel, the pinion, and the shaft are all fric-
tionally connected through the discs with sufficient force to overcome the load and
The driving power being further continued the load may be acted upon
as desired, and upon ceasing to drive, the load is held or arrested by the ratchet
and pawl which have been thus brought into action.
move it.
The releasing of the load and withdrawal of the rack bar are effected by simply
driving the shaft B backwards in the contrary direction, and upon such backward
driving ceasing, the load is at once self arrested by the action of the screw threads or
incline surfaces and ratchets as fully set forth in the Specification of my said Letters
Patent, No. 1867, A.D. 1868, this my present Invention rendering the said self
arresting action of the spur pinion automatically reversible. The pawls C¹, D',
are shaped at their acting ends, as shewn in Figure 3, so that their action is the
same whichever way they are thrown. In lieu of a rack bar a spur wheel
forming one of a train in a hoist or other machine may be substituted, and in like
manner driven either way, and its backward recoil always automatically checked.
Figure 4 represents in side elevation a swinging or pivoted crane with my im-
proved method or means for transmitting the operating power. A is the crane
carrying at its outer radial point a hoisting machine A', preferably having the last
described double acting spur gearing of Figures 2 and 3, from which the hoisting
chains depend in a straight line to the load, avoiding all deflexions in their course;
B is the driving shaft in the radial line of the crane, whereby the operating power
is transmitted direct from the sprocket wheel C to the hoisting machine A¹. Thus
all needless loss of power is prevented such as occurs when the hoisting chains pass
as heretofore circuitously from the crab or hoisting gear to the load, making corners
and angles in their course, at the same time the sprocket wheel and its usual endless
rope are conveniently placed behind the crane post, where there is easy standing
room for the operators.
Figures 5, 6, 7, and 8 represent a differential pulley block having my improved
method of transmitting the driving power applicable also to hoists, presses, and
other like purposes requiring the shaft driven in either direction by means of
vibratory levers, which automatically disengage themselves when not required to
act; Figure 5 is a side elevation; Figure 6 is a sectional transverse elevation;
Figure 7 is a sectional view on the line A-B, Figure 6, and Figure 8 is a sectional
view on the line C, D, Figure 6.
A is the well known differential sheave made according to the Specification of
my Letters Patent, No. 1033, A.D. 1859. The said sheave is keyed to the shaft B.
The supporting frame C is of the ordinary construction; D, E, are two similar
ratchet levers acting respectively upon the ratchet wheels D', E¹, each of which will
drive in a direction contrary to the other. Each lever has a long upward-pointing
arm X with an eye at the end, wherein to secure a rope, chain, or rod of sufficient
length for the operators to reach, and apply their force by pulling downwards, the
upward returning stroke being effected by a counterbalance W fixed to the short
arm V of each lever. Each lever has a shallow cylinder N near its centre closed on
the outside by a cover O. In suitable bearings in the cylinders N are pivoted the
three pauls P upon short shafts P¹ having cranks P, which point concentrically
inwards towards the shaft. The pawl cranks P2 have respectively studs or crank
pins P which project out through holes in the cylinder bottoms N, and enter
loosely into the holes Q' in the loose plate or releasing disc Q. The disc has in
it a concentric slot Q³ which receives loosely the stop N₁ formed upon the
cylinder N. Between the stop N¹ and the further end of the slot Q3 is a spiral
spring tending to keep the disc Q and stop N¹ in the relative position of Figure 8,
wherein the pauls are free to act upon the ratchet wheels. Another stop Q' is

page_text: formed upon the disc Q at such a point as to strike against the frame C, when the
lever ends X are at the highest limit of their stroke, and then disengage the pawls
as hereinafter explained. The pawls have springs P to press them towards the
ratchet teeth. The counterbalances W are of sufficient weight to raise the
lever arms X upwards when the latter are left free, and when the highest point
is reached to press the levers against the frame C with force sufficient to overcome
all the paul springs P and release all the pauls in the following manner :-The
normal position of the disc Q and its holes Q' in which the paul ends P³ play is
shewn in Figure 8. The disc Q is held in this position by the spring at Qs and
stop N when the lever is in action. When the lever is let go the counterbalance
W in elevating the opposite arm X, and when approaching its highest limit brings
the stop Q of the disc Q against the block frame C. The lever and its stop N' still
move a little further under the force of the counterweight, thus compressing the
spring Qin the now stationary disc Q, which further movement also brings the
edges of the holes Q' against the paul ends P3, lifting the pauls free from the ratchet
wheels. Thus, one lever will drive the shaft B to the right, and the other to the
left. Both levers are at all times ready for use by simply pulling their pendent
ropes downwards, and when let go the levers automatically release themselves as
now fully explained. The ratchet wheels are shewn with four teeth, and the pauls
are three in number, giving a differential action of twelve engagements. Any other
or larger number of pauls and teeth may be used in like mauner.
Figure 9 is a sectional elevation, and Figure 94 a detail illustrating my improve-
ments in transmitting the hoisting and lowering motions to a winch or hoist.. The
winding barrel A is placed loose upon the main shaft B. At A are the frictional
discs for frictionally connecting the said barrel with the main driving wheel C,
which is keyed to its shaft B. The said dises are constructed and arranged in the
manner shewn in Figure 1 of the Drawings of the Specification of Letters Patent,
No. 1277, A.D. 1877, and therefore are not here described in detail. The other
end of the barrel A has cast upon it a spiral incline A' acting upon a corresponding
spiral incline D', cast upon the lowering spur wheel D loose upon the shaft B. A
collar E fixed to the shaft confines the loose parts longitudinally thereon; F is a
spring to ensure their frictional contact at all times. The said inclines A', D',
constitute the chief features of the safety lowering motion hereinbefore referred to,
and described in the Specification aforesaid of my Letters Patent, No. 1867, A.D.
1868. Concentric with the incline A' and also cast upon the barrel end is a circle
of ratchet teeth A³. A paul D² shewn separately in Figure 94, and as there shewn,
capable of being thrown in and out of gear with the said teeth A³ is carried upon
the wheel D. The paul shewn in Figure 94 is of the usual kind for throwing in
and out, and so well known as to need no further description. The main wheel C
has cast on it a circle of strong ratchet teeth C¹ upon which acts the paul G hung to
the frame H, and thereby the wheel C and its attached shaft B are prevented
turning backwards. A number of pauls may be in like manuer employed, and so
placed as to act one by one or differentially with the ratchet teeth in order to
check the backward motion of the wheel C with more nicety, and in any con-
venient way; the pauls are also secured from ever being thrown out of action, as
for example by stops or projections cast upon the frame H beyond which the pauls
cannot be lifted. The shaft I carries keyed thereon the pinions K and L at such
distance froni each other, that when the pinion K is engaged with the wheel C the
pinion L is free from the wheel D, and vice versa.
The operation is as follows:-The spur wheels and shaft I being in the positions
shewn in Figure 9, and the shaft I driven in the direction for hoisting, the load
upon the barrel A will be raised. Upon ceasing to hoist, the load is sustained upon
the ratchet teeth C₁ and paul or pauls G. The shaft I and pinion K may then be
safely slipped from their engagement with the main wheel C, and the pinion Linto
engagement with the lowering wheel D, and the load lowered quickly and with
entire safety by the backward action of the inclines D¹ and A', already explained

page_text: and described in the Specification of my Letters Patent, No. 1867, A.D. 1868. For
the purpose of coiling and uncoiling slack rope on and off the barrel when no load
is suspended the paul D2 is put in action with the ratchet teeth A³. The rapid
paying out of the rope is then effected by so turning the wheel D that the vertical
end of its incline D' pushes before it the abutting end of the incline A, and there-
with the barrel. Rapid coiling up of the rope upon the barrel is effected by
turning the wheel D the contrary way or in the hoisting direction, when the
paul D engaged with the teeth A³ of the barrel drives the latter, and prevents the
ascending action of the inclines and their consequent frictional coupling effect upon
the discs at A. Thus the barrel only is moved, and as now explained may be
driven either way by itself. The pinion K may drive the wheel C through a
train of spur wheels to give a slow speed with high power. The large pinion L
affords a very quick and self arrested lowering motion available at any moment
without risk. When unloaded the same pinion L affords a rapid motion both ways
to the barrel, and all the said motions are effected by my improvements from the
one common crank shaft I.
In Figure 10 I shew a modification of my last described improvements, wherein
the main wheel C, ratchet teeth C¹, and paul G, the discs at A2, the barrel A, the
inclines A', D', the lowering wheel D, and the shaft B, with minor details, are
substantially the same as shewn in Figure 9, but excluding wholly the ratchet
teeth A³ and paul D2, shewn in Figure 9. In Figure 10 the pinion shaft carries
loosely thereon the pinions K and L.
The hoisting pinion K carries within its solid portion a sliding bolt or paul K', which
is pushed outwards by a suitable spiral spring towards and against the crown ratchet
wheel K2, the latter being keyed to the shaft. The pinion L for lowering by driving
the wheel D has also a similar sliding paul L¹ and ratchet wheel L' keyed to the shaft.
The ratchet wheels K2 and L2 have their teeth sloped in opposite direction, so that by
turning the shaft I one way the pinion K will be driven whilst the ratchet wheel L³
slips over the paul of the pinion L, and by turning the shaft I the other way the
ratchet K slips whilst the ratchet L² drives its pinion L. The pinion K when
driven performs hoisting, and the pinion L performs lowering by like parts to
those of Figure 9. By proportioning the spur gearing K. and C to yield as slow
and powerful a hoisting motion as desired, and the pair L and D to yield the
desired quickness in the safety lowering action both notions are available alter-
nately and instantly by simply reversing the direction in which the shaft I is
driven. The shaft I being provided at one of its extreme ends with an ordinary
sprocket wheel and endless rope, a very convenient and automatic change from
the slow hoisting motion to the slower safety lowering motion is obtained by
simply reversing the direction in which the endless rope is pulled.
Figure 11 represents in elevation, partly sectional, Figure 12 being a sectional
view on the line A, B, Fig. 11, my improvements, whereby I am enabled to transmit
to a winding drum the driving or hoisting motion of a spur wheel train, and also
provide the same drum with the lowering action of a quick pitched worm wheel
and worm, or with the more rapid lowering action of a common brake at pleasure,
the said worm gear being wholly free, independent, and isolated from the spur gear,
and each therefore capable by itself of all the speed and other advantages with the
same effect as if it were alone employed. The hoist frame S is of any ordinary
construction. Loosely upon the shaft A I place the winding drum B. The main
driving wheel C is keyed to the said shaft. The pinion D keyed to the shaft E
operates the wheel C in the usual manner of crane work. Upon the wheel C is
cast a brake rim X, for the action thereon of a common friction strap, as hereinafter
referred to. Upon the side of the wheel C, next to the barrel B, a paul C' is
pivoted by the stud C². The said paul has a common spring C³, and also a horn or
projection C, the outer point of which is in contact with an incline or wedge D¹
formed on the inner edge of the ring D³. The ring D5 is held to the wheel C by
pins D², the slots D³ in the ring permitting it to be moved back and forth through

page_text: a small angle of motion by pulling the handles D*. The paul C¹ is capable of acting
upon the internal ratchet teeth B' cast upon the inner surface of the flange B
A similar flange E and circle of ratchet teeth to the last named are provided at
the other end of the barrel. A worm wheel F of quick pitch is placed loose on the
shaft adjacent to the barrel flange E. Upon the side of the worm wheel F nearest
to the barrel is placed a ring G, similar to the ring D³ in all respects, with corre-
sponding slot holes, wedge, or incline, and handles, except that the latter are bent
for convenience, as shown by the handle G. A paul similar to the paul C' is in
like manner hung to the side of the worm wheel, so that the paul and the ring with
handles and their respective details belonging to the worin wheel are fully and
perfectly represented by the corresponding parts, shown in Figure 12 and in
Figure 11 in connection with the wheel C and flange B. The worm wheel F
engages with the usual worm shaft H carried in suitable bearings I upon the
frame S.
The action is as follows:-If it be desired to hoist by means of the spur gearing
and barrel, the ring D5 is placed in the position shown in Figure 12, the incline Di
of the ring then permitting the paul C₁ to be lifted by its spring into engagement
with the ratchet teeth B₁ of the barrel flange B2. The ring G is placed in like
position to the ring D³, so that the paul of the worm wheel corresponding to the
paul C' also engages with the ratchet teeth of the barrel within the flange or rim E.
Both sets of ratchet teeth face the same way. The barrel being now driven by the
wheel C and its paul C any backward tendency is arrested by the paul of the
worm wheel against which the barrel rests when the aforesaid hoisting motion
ceases. The load being now thus sustained upon the stationary worm wheel
held by its worm, the ring D³ may be pulled in the direction of the arrow in
Figure 12, releasing the paul C" from the barrel. The load may now be lowered
safely by turning backwards the quick pitched worm H, leaving the wheel C and
connected parts undisturbed. Should a rapid lowering motion by brake be desired
the ratchet connection of the barrel and wheel C is retained and an ordinary brake
strap and foot lever applied to the brake rim X; and the load being thereby first
secured and held fast the ring G may be pulled by its handle G, so as to disengage
the worm wheel and barrel, following which the load now resting upon the wheel C
and brake rim X with its ordinary friction strap may by the latter be lowered in
the manner which is so well kown as to render it needless to show the strap
detailed in the Drawings or to describe its action. Although I have shewn or
described but one paul in Figures 11 and 12 for each set of ratchet teeth, a number
can be employed advantageously if differentially placed and all alike operated by
the common disengaging ring D or G. In lieu of the winding barrel B a toothed
chain wheel may be used or a spur pinion engaging with the toothed rack bar of a
lifting jack or press, and my improvements thereto applied where required.
The apparatus represented in Figures 11 and 12 is adapted for hauling by simply
leading the rope carried by the barrel B at any desired angle therefrom to the
object to be hauled, as. will be well understood.
Figure 13 represents in elevation a modification of my last described improve-
ments, combining therewith an endless chain or cable, and thereby still more
effectually isolating the hoisting from the lowering portion of the apparatus,
rendering each such portion free from all complication with the other and perfectly
independent thereof in its construction and action. Upon the fixed shaft or stay A
I place loosely the spur wheel B or other hoisting gear, having attached solidly
thereto the toothed chain sheave C. A similar toothed sheave D is placed loosely
on the shaft towards its other end, and solidly attached to the said sheave D is
the worm wheel E held by its worm E' to the supporting frame of any ordinary
kind. An endless chain F is placed upon the chain wheels C and D, so as to form
two loops F1, F2, and in the loop F is placed the pulley I for convenient attach-
ment to the load or object to be lifted and lowered or hauled. Where a wire or
other cable is substituted for the chain F the sheaves are suitably modified in.the

page_text: .
form of their periphery, so as to grasp and engage with the said cable in any of the
well known modes. When a load is lifted within a cage or platform suspended to
the pulley I in the loop F¹ the other loop F2 may have a similar pulley placed in
it for convenient attachment to a counterbalance. The hoisting sheave C is driven
always in one direction for hoisting, as shown by the arrow thereou, such motion
continually picking up chain from the loop F' and passing it over into the loop F.
The lowering motion of the sheave D, as indicated by the arrow, continually lets
off chain into the loop F1, transferring it thereto from the loop F². The spur
wheel B or equivalent driver is checked by pauls from ever turning backwards.
The worm wheel and worm retain the sheave D from running back. The worm
teeth are made of an inclination which just suffices to hold by their friction the
load from running backwards, and therefore only very small power serves to effect
the backward or lowering motion. The worm gearing can be also used to hoist
with, affording a quick motion with little power, useful for moving rapidly the
chain or cable when unloaded.
Although I have described my improvements shown by Figure 1 as applied
to a winding barrel, in lieu thereof a spur wheel or other part requiring the motions
of this portion of my improvements may be used. A prominent characteristic of
the apparatus shown by Figures 11 and 12 is the mode of isolating the worm
lowering gear from the hoisting devices, so that each may be adapted exclusively
to its duty and each be at rest whilst the other is in operation. In Figure 13 is
the same feature of isolation, but it is here made so entire by the use of the endless
chain or cable that either the lowering or the hoisting devices may be driven and
started or stopped at any instant, regardless of the other, whether it also is driven
or at rest. I have shown in Figure 13 only an ordinary spur wheel B to indicate
the place of the hoisting gear for driving the wheel C; and in lieu of the said
wheel B may be used the lever purchase of a ship's windlass, or any other con-
venient driving device. Where greater speed of lowering is desired the worm
wheel E, Figure 13, may be replaced by any other convenient device for controlling
the wheel D, as for instance, the lowering devices hereinbefore named in reference
to Figures 1, 2, 3, 9, and 10.
"
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim as my Improvements in
Apparatus for Transmitting Alternating, Reversing, Controlling, and Arresting the
Motions of Winches, Hoists, Cranes, and Elevators, Parts of which are Applicable
to Hauling, to Operating Baling and other Presses, and to other Purposes,"
1. Constructing hoists and like apparatus substantially as represented in Figure 1
and herein before described, whereby distinct modes of operation are obtained by
using the pauls separately or together.
2. Constructing the spur pinion of a hoist, press, or other related appliance, so as
to possess the automatic reversing action represented in Figures 2 and 3 and
hereinbefore described.
3. Constructing a swing crane substantially as represented in Figure 4 and
herein before described, wherein the winding barrel or its equivalent is at the outer
end of the boom, the driving shaft in the line of the boom, and its operating
sprocket wheel or equivalent at the crane post.
4. The self releasing ratchet levers for driving hoists or presses, or other like
uses, substantially as represented in Figures 6, 7, 8, and 9, and hereinbefore
described.
5. Constructing and operating the lowering gear and the hoisting gear of a
hoisting or other kindred machine, substantially as represented in Figure 9 and
herein before described.
6. Constructing and operating the lowering gear and the hoisting gear of a
hoisting or other kindred machine, substantially as represented in Figure 10 and
herein before described.
7. The use in combination of worm gear, of a winding drum or its equivalent,

page_text: of spur gear or other hoisting gear and disengaging devices, substantially as herein-
before described, and represented in Figures 11 and 12 for the purposes stated.
8. In hoisting machinery, the isolation of the hoisting devices from the lowering
devices and the use of an endless chain or cable, substantially as represented in
Figure 13 and herein before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Aldridge Weston, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of November, One thousand eight
hundred and seventy nine.
THO. A. WESTON. (L.S.)