LECTRO-MAGNETIC MOTOR "AN IMPROVED
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Toynbee at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th July 1882.
EDWARD TOYNBEE, of Willesden, in the County of Middlesex,
ELECTRO-MAGNETIC MOTOR
"AN IMPROVED
:
±
This Motor consists of a series of concentric, parallel, revolving and stationary
electro-magnets, so arranged that the whole shall form one or more continuous
rings of magnetic poles, enclosing the whole (or nearly so) of the magnetic lines of
force, both as regards the stationary and revolving magnets. These rings may be
multiplied to any extent on the same axle or spindle, the whole of the revolving
(or stationary magnets) being commutated at each segment of the circle into what-
ever number of segments the circle may be divided, thus producing a maximum
and uniformly continuous rotatory motion, from whatever source the electricity may
be derived (whether from the Voltaic battery, or Dynamo, etc., etc.) utilizing the
whole of the available forces both of attraction and repulsion, the force being so
distributed as to act directly as a rotatory power without lateral strains and
without the use of any intervening gear, thus doing away with all unnecessary:
friction, consequently with all waste of power, obtaining an effect equivalent to
from eighty to ninety per cent of the theoretical amount of power to be obtained
from a given amount of electricity. With this machine great velocities are
obtained, with no heating effects and a minimum of wear and tear, the only
friction being that necessary to be overcome in revolving the absolute weight of the
load itself.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Edward Toynbee in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 6th January
1883.
EDWARD TOYNBEE, of Willesden, in the County of Middlesex, "AN IMPROVED
ELECTRO-MAGNETIC MOTOR"
This motor consists of a series of concentric, parallel, revolving and stationary
electro-magnets, so arranged that the whole shall form one or more continuous
rings of magnetic poles, enclosing the whole (or nearly so) of the magnetic lines of
force, both as regards the stationary and revolving magnets. These rings may be
multiplied to any extent on the same axle or spindle; the whole of the revolving
(or stationary) magnets being commutated at each segment of the circle, into
whatever number of segments the circle may be divided, thus producing a maximum
and uniformly continuous rotary motion, from whatever source the electricity may
be derived (whether from the voltaic battery or dynamo, etc, etc.), utilizing the
whole of the available forces both of attraction and repulsion, the force being so
distributed as to act directly as a rotary power without lateral strains and without
the use of any intervening gear, thus doing away with all unnecessary friction,
consequently with all waste of power, obtaining an effect equivalent to from
eighty to ninety per cent of the theoretical amount of power to be obtained from a
given amount of electricity. With this machine great velocities are obtained,
with no heating effects, and a minimum of wear and tear, the only friction being
that necessary to be overcome in revolving the absolute weight of the load itself.
But in order that my Invention may be fully understood I will proceed to
describe the same by the aid of the accompanying sheet of drawings, in which Fig !
is a longitudinal section and Fig 2 an end view of one form of my improved
electro-magnetic motor. A, A', A³ and A³ are four separate rings of field magnets,
and a, a¹, a², a³ are their respective rings of revolving armature magnets, all
arranged on the shaft C, but each provided with a separate commutator marked
respectively B, B¹, B and B³. All the commutators consist, each of as many
segments as there are magnets in the corresponding ring of field magnets (which in
the drawing are shown with 24 magnets each), while the armature magnets in each
ring must be of such number that they are all directly opposite the field magnets at.
the same time (there being 12 armature magnets shown in each ring in the
drawing).
The armature rings are arranged at intervals on the shaft C (which must be
suitably mounted in bearings at each end, and if necessary at intermediate points)
so that when the magnets of one ring are opposite the pole pieces of the corre-
sponding ring of field magnets, those of the other rings occupy different intermediate
positions between the magnets of their respective rings of field magnets, as will be
seen in Fig 3. The lines A represent the field magnets of all of the rings; the lines a,
the position of the magnets of one ring of armature magnets, the lines a', the
position of the magnets of a second ring of armature magnets, the lines a³, the
position of the magnets of a third ring of armature magnets, and the lines a³,
the position of the magnets of a fourth ring of armature magnets, relative to the
field magnets A.
Instead of producing this result by shifting the rings of armature magnets round
their axis as shown, it may be effected by placing the rings of armature magnets
all in a line on their axis, and shifting the positions of the field magnets, so that
the magnets of any one ring occupy different intermediate positions between the
magnets of the other rings. The object of this arrangement is to ensure all the
•

page_text: rings of armature magnets but one, being always in such positions relatively to
their field magnets, to tend to produce rotary motion, when the magnets of any
one of them are opposite the poles of its ring of field magnets.
Although four sets of field magnets and armature magnets are shown any other"
suitable number from two upwards might be employed and similarly arranged.
The alternate sections of each commutator are all connected together, so as to
form two series, one of which is connected to the positive poles of its corresponding
ring of armature magnets, while the other is connected to the negative poles of the
same, as shown in Fig 4, where an armature magnet a, and a field magnet A are
represented as turned over on their sides so as to show their connections. The
current each commutator by a brush D, and passes through the whole of the
magnets in its corresponding ring of armature magnets alternately in opposite
directions as the brush bears on the positive or negative segments of the commu-
tator, while the current is taken off each commutator by brush E connected with
the positive poles of the corresponding ring of field magnets, the negative poles of
which are connected with the return wire. The brush E is arranged so that it
always bears on a segment of the commutator of opposite polarity to that which D
bears on, and as will be seen the current through the field magnets will always be
in the same direction. Although I have shown this mode of connecting the arma-
ture magnets and field magnets with the commutator it will be readily understood
that the same may be varied without departing from the principles of my invention,
and further that if desired the connections may be equally well-arranged so that
the field magnets may be made to revolve instead of the armature magnets. I
prefer to supply the current by inserting condensers or secondary batteries between
the source of electricity and the motor so as to ensure a regular current.
The wire leading the current to the armatures is connected with the commu
tator of each of the armature rings as shown in Fig 5, and the brushes D and E
of each of them, are arranged to bear on the segments of the corresponding commu-
tators, so that when the armature magnets are opposite to the field magnets the
brushes will be resting on the insulating material between the commutator
segments, so that no current will pass either through the armature magnets or the
field magnets, which will be unexcited or demagnetized (or partially so) during the
instant that they are in such position where they have no tendency to produce
rotary motion. At the same time the whole of the magnets of the other armature
rings are then in intermediate.positions between their respective field magnets (and
consequently in suitable positions for producing rotary motion) and they and their
field magnets will be dividing between them the amount of current previously
passing through the ring of armature and field magnets which are now out of
operation, in addition to their own natural amount. This action will take place
successively in the whole of the armature rings and field rings, as often as the
magnets of either ring are opposite each other.
Instead of two or more rings of armature magnets and field magnets being
employed, two or more dynamo.or other electric generating machines may be
arranged on the same shaft in the manner herein set forth, and their commutators
connected in a similar manner so as to produce the same result as that above
described when used as motors.
Fig 6 shows the method of intercepting and utilizing the whole (or nearly all)
of the magnetic lines of force, issuing from the magnets, and it consists in providing
a series or ring of field magnets A, in close proximity to the front of the poles of
which, the poles of the ring of armature magnets a revolve in the usual manner,
and in addition thereto another series of field magnets F is provided, and their
poles suitably arranged one in close proximity to the outside of each pole of the
armature magnets, while a third series of field magnets G is suitably arranged so
that their poles are in close proximity to the inside of the poles of the armature
magnets. It will be seen that the poles of the armature magnets are thus enclosed
on all sides with the exception of their line of rotation, and the whole, or nearly

page_text: all, of the magnetic lines of force will thus be intercepted and utilized, and a maximum
amount of power obtained from a given current.
It will be readily understood that both the armature magnets and the field
magnets may be of any suitable construction and form, and the details and general
arrangement of the motor be varied according to requirements without departing
from the principles of my Invention.
Having now described the nature of my said invention and the manner of carrying
the same into effect, I wish it to be understood that what I claim is :—
1st An electro magnetic motor in which any number (from two upwards) of
rings of armature magnets a, a, a, a³ &c are placed at intervals on a suitable
axis, in combination with a corresponding number of rings of field magnets A, A¹,
A², A³ &c, the whole being so arranged that when the magnets of any one of the
rings of armature magnets are opposite the magnets of its corresponding ring of
field magnets, the magnets of all the other rings of armature magnets are in
different intermediate positions between the poles of their respective rings of field
magnets, substantially as herein described and shown in the drawings.
2nd The arrangement and connection of the different commutators B, B1, B2, B³
&c of the whole of the rings of armature magnets a, a¹, a³, a³ &c, so that when the
magnets of any one ring of armature magnets are opposite the magnets of the
corresponding ring of field magnets A, A1, A3, A3 &c the current is entirely diverted
froin the commutator of such ring, and is directed equally through the commu-
tators of the other ring or rings in which the armature magnets are in different
intermediate positions between the magnets of their respective rings of field
magnets, substantially as herein described and shown in the drawings.
And, 3rd The employment and arrangement of additional field magnets F and G
in combination with the ordinary field magnets A, so as to surround the poles of
the armature magnets with field magnet poles on all sides, with the exception of
their line of rotation, whereby the whole, or nearly all, of the magnetic lines of force
are intercepted and utilized, substantially as herein described and shown in the
drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Toynbee, have hereunto set my-hand
and seal, this sixth day of January in the year of our Lord 1883.