Improvements in Machinery for Sewing Books, and in the Stitches Made Use of.
Year: 1895

page_text: .Date of Application, 12th Nov., 1896
Complete Specification Lelt, 14th May, 1896-Accepted, 8th Aug., 1898
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machinery for Sewing Books, and in the Stitches
Made Use of.
I, CHARLES AUGUSTUS STURTEVANT residing at No. 1334 Watchung Avenue,
Plainfield, in the State of New Jersey, United States of America, Machinist, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
In sewing books machines have boen made in which the threads are carried into
and out of the backs of the signatures and interlooped. In the present invention a
second thread is interlooped with the loops of the first thread, such loops of second
thread passing from the thread in one signature to the thread in the other signature,
so that the loops of first thread are tied together and held by the second thread to
prevent the first thread becoming loose and ceasing to hold the signatures,
especially where the thread may break or become injured in the binding operation,
and at the same time the line of interlocked loops is sufficiently elastic to allow the
binding operation to be performed as usual. l'also make use of a crossing thread
interlaced with the loops of the first thread at the backs of the signatures where
such first thread passes out of one signature and into, the next signature.
The loops of second thread nie interlaced with the loops of the 'first thread in
a somewhat similar manner to what they have been interlaced upon ordinary fabric
sewing known as the Grover and Baker stitch, but in the present 'improvements
the first thread passes double along within the folds of the signatures, the inter-
locked loops running across the backs of the signatures where the double threads
emerge as looped..
'
In carrying out this invention the machine employed is provided with side
frames, a head frame and driving shafts with cains for giving motion to the
respective parts and the signature bar is provided with lifting arins, a rock-shaft
and links so as to lower the signature bar to receive the folded signature and then
carry the same up to the place where the sewing is performed, and such signature
bar is guided by segments and brackets and received at its upper edge into notched
guide plates at the ends, and the signature bar is grooved longitudinally for-the
passage of the semi-circular needles.
The head frame is adapted to receive needle blocks there being any desired
number, and each needle block carries a needle shaft upon the end of which is the
semi-circular needle, and right angled or screw gears are employed for giving to
the needle and shaft the required movements. The second thread' passes through
a tubular looper, the end of which is pointed, and the looper receives an end
movement so as to take a loop of first thread from the semi-circular needle as the
latter descends, and then a loop spreader takes a loop of second thread from the
looper and holds the same in position for the semi-circular needle to pass through
the same when sewing the second signature, and the 'loop of second-thread-is drawn
around the semi-circular needle as the looper takes a second loop from the same
needle, and the operations are repeated.
- 1
A plunger and spring and a spreader bar are used to give motion to the loop
spreader; a cross bar and perforators are made use of for penetrating the 'folded
back edge of the signature at the places where the needles pass in and emerge, and
these either simply perforate the paper or cut notches in the same according to the
nasticular show of the nerforatore

page_text: '
In some instances strips of tape or fabric are passed' across the backs of the books
and held thereto by the sewing, and slats are introduced between one volume and
another to give the. necessary length for separating such tapes or strips in con-
sequence of such tapes or strips passing down and around the slats, and the ends
of these slats are held by supporting bars at the ends which also aid in sustaining
the weight of the sewed volume. Signature-holding ratchets in the form of pointed
wheels held by pawls are made use of for keeping the signatures in position as they
are sewed and pressed backwardly.
In some instances the supporting slats are provided with dummy signatures in
paper that can be cut out in separating one volume from another.
Where a thread or cord is employed for strengthening the sewing where the loops
of first thread pass out of one signature and into the next, such cord or thread is
interlaced by a vibrating arm that placed the said cord or thread either at one side
or the other of the semi-circular needle. Devices are provided for supplying the
threads and for drawing up the same in tightening the stitches.
:
Dated this 12th day of November 1895.
BREWER & SON,
London and Leeds, Agents for the Applicant.
Improvements in Machinery for Sewing Books, and in the Stitohes
Made Use of.
I, CHARLES AUGUSTUS STURTEVANT, residing at No. 1334. Watchung Avenue,
Plainfield, in the State of New Jersey, United States of America, Machinist,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
In sewing books machines have been made in which the threads are carried into
and out of the backs of the signatures and interlooped. In the present invention a
second thread is interlooped with the loops of the first thread, such loops of second
thread passing from the thread in one signature to the thread in the other, so that
the loops of first thread are tied together and held by the second thread to prevent
the first thread becoming loose and ceasing to hold the signatures, especially
where the thread may break or become injured in the binding operation, and at the
same time the line of interlocked loops is sufficiently elastic to allow the binding
operation to be performed as visual. I also make use of a crossing thread interlaced
with the loops of the first thread at the backs. of the signatures where such first
thread passes out of one signature and into the next signature.
The loops of second thread are interlaced with the loops of the first thread in a
somewhat similar manner to what they have been interlaced upon ordinary fabric
sewing known as the Grover and Baker stitch, but in the present improvements the
first thread passes double along within the folds of the signatures, the interlocked
loops running across the backs of the signatures where the double threads emerge.
as loops.
In carrying out this invention the machine employed is provided with side frames,
a head frame and driving shafts with cams for giving motion to the respective
parts, and the signature-bar is provided with lifting arms, a rock shaft and links so as
to lower the signature-bar to receive the folded signature and then.carry the same.
up to the place where the sewing is performed, and such signature bar is guided by
segments and brackets and received at its upper edge into notched guide plates at
the ends, and the signature-bar is grooved longitudinally for the passage of the
semi-circular needles.
The head-frame is adapted to receive needle blooks, there being any desired

page_text: that may be used instead of the perforators.
Fig. 21 is a diagram illustrating the stitch:
Fig. 22 is an elevation of the plunger detached.
Fig. 23 is a detached' view of the needle stock.
Fig. 24'is a plan of the needle block detached.
Fig. 25 shows one end of the slat and a section of its supporting bar.
Fig. 26 is a perspective view of a supporting slat and its attached sheet 'in
smaller size.
Figs. 27 to 33 illustrate the sewing produced and the manner in which the threads
are laid in the signatures.
The bed A of the machine is of any suitable or desired size and it may be
supported by legs, a portion of one of which is shown at A", and rising from this
bed A' are side-frames B holding a head-frame C, and this head-frame C may vary
in length so that the machine may be adapted to different' sizos of signatures, or the
machine may be made sufficiently large to take in the largest size of signature, and
only portions of the machine to be made use of when sewing sinaller sizes, some of
the groups of sewing devices being either removed or thrown out of action; ns'
hereafter more fully set forth.
Any suitable power may be made use of for driving the machine. I have
represented' the driving-shaft D as having upon it a gear wheel driven by a
pinion cupon the "motor-shaft D', and the cam-shaft 'E' runs along beneath the
bed A and there are bevel-gears e for connecting the driving-shaft D" and the
cam-shaft E..
1
The signature-bar F is advantageously made of two pieces' sorewed together,
as shown in Figs. 3, 4 and 7, and between the two parts forming the signature-bar
there is'a'narrow'opening, as shown in Fig. 7, for the half-circle eye-pointed needlè
to pass into. This opening may extend all along the signature bar, but it is'
preferable that narrow' openings be provided at regular intervals; as illustrated in
Figs. 1 and 14, the bottom of each opening being described from the axis of the
needle-shaft, so that the bottom of such opening forms a guide against which the
semi-circular needle rests as it is partially revolved first in one direction and 'then
in' the other.
1
At or near the ends of the signature bar F are the end bars frigidly connected"
so as to form a three-sided frame, and there is a rock-shaft' G supported under the
bed A and having link arms F extending out from the said rock shaft and pivoted
at their ends to the end bars, and there are other links H pivoted at their outer
ends to the lower ends of the end bars and slotted or made as forks at 'their
back ends to pass above and below the cam-shaft E, and there are cams K upon
the shaft E having grooves 8 and 9 in their respective faces, the grooves 8'acting
upon rollers upon the arms F¹, and the grooves 9 acting upon rollers' or studs upon
the links H.
It is now to be understood that the rock-shaft G forms a point of support for the
signature bar, and the parts therewith connected, and that the cam grooves 8
acting upon the arms Fact on the signature bar so as to move it up or down,
and the cam groove 9 acts through the links H to swing the signature bar and its
end frames upon the pivotal connections between the arms F and the end bars f,
and by properly shaping the cams 8 and 9 the signature-bar will receive the motions
required and according to the 'descriptions' hereafter contained of its mode of
operation.
Guide segments I are pivoted at 10 upon farins extending out from the side
frames B, and these segments I are ribbed as arcs of circles described from the
pivotal connections between the lifting arms F and the ond-bars, and guide
blocks 12 intervene between the ends of the signature-bar F and" the guide
Begments I, such guide blocks being recessed to slide upon the ribs of the
guide segments and provided with trunnions passing into circular holes at the enda
of the signature-bar; and it is now to be understood that as the signature-bar"

page_text: is raised and lowered. by the cams as. before mentioned; the guide segments' I
Bwing upon their pivots 10 and the guide blocks 12 are moved back and forth
upon their segmental ribs as the signature-bar is brought outwardly for receiving
over it the folded signatures, or brought inwardly previous to being raised to
bring the signature into position for sewing, and it is advantageous to provide""
segmental bracket frames B' fastened upon the side frames B for holding the
pivots 10 and for guiding the ends of the swinging segments I, as illustrated"
in Fig. 3.
'
IS
Any desired number of needle-blocks L are to be provided, each needle-blook
carrying the eye-pointed needle, the looper and the 'loop spreader. I have"*
represented in Fig. 14 five of these needle-blocks, and it will be apparent that
they can be placed closely adjacent to each other or at distances apart according
to the number of threads that are employed in sewing the signatures together, and
according to the positions where such lines of sewing are to be perforined across
the back of the book; and in order to locate the needle-blocks and the needles
with reference to the recesses in the signature-bar into which the needles pass, it'
advantageous to provide screw holes through the head-frame Cat regular intervals
apart, as illustrated in Fig. 14, so that by removing either of the screws 13'its
needle-block is detached aud either taken' out' of the machine or applied at a
different place, and through each of the needle-blocks is a needle shaft N' and
a needle N upon one end, and this needle N is eye-pointed and semi-circular and
occupies a recess in the face of the needle-block, so that such semi-circular
needle is supported by the semi-circular shoulder of the recess in the block,
and at the back end of the needle shaft is a gear O by which such needle.
shaft and needle can be partially revolved first in one direction and then in"
the other.
1
.J
!
'I find it advantageous to employ a longitudinal shaft P upon which' are
gears O¹ to engage' the gears O upon the needle shafts, and by providing feathers
or keys upon the gears and a longitudinal groove in the shaft P, the
gears 'O can be slipped along upon such shaft to come into the proper position"
for acting upon the gears O' of the needle shafts. These gears OO might
be, bevel-gears, but I prefer to make them as right-angled helical gears, the
teeth in the respective gears being at an angle of 45° in order that both the
needle shafts and' the shaft P may move together as the shaft P receives
partial revolution.
'
1 .
In order to give motion to the shaft P an arm 14 is provided at one end thereof
with a connecting-rod 15 to a grooved cam M upon the shaft D, there being a bent
lever 'M' between the lower end of the connecting-rod 15 and the roller that passes
into the groove of the cam M.
:
In Fig. 21 have shown the cam M detached, the dotted line representing the
general shape of the groove that acts upon the bent lever M and connecting-
rod 15 to partially revolve the shaft P, and the full lines of the cam M, Fig. 2,
show the shape of the groove that acts upon the looper hereafter described; aud
it is to be understood that the shape of this cam that acts upon the shaft P is such
that the needles receive a half-revolution or nearly so, to carry each eye-pointed
semi-circular needle into the signature and out of the same, and then to draw back
such needle sufficiently to throw out the loop of its thread a, for the looper to pass
through the same, and then the needle draws back leaving a loop of needle thread a
within the signature with the loop caught over the looper or over a loop of looper
thread 'b.
1
1
In such needle-block there is a looper Q that 'is tubular for a second thread b
to pass through it and out at the end of the tube, and the looper is made sub-
stantially as shown in Figs. 9, 10 and 11, one side of the looper being removed 'or,
flattened closely 'adjacent to the hole through such looper, and also flattened
at the opposite side leaving a projecting bevel point as shown in Fig. 10, the
object being that the bevel point shall pass through the loop of thread from the
needle N, the looper "thread passing out through the tube of the looper and
I
1
1

page_text: backwardly within the loop of needle thread, so that the loop spreader hereafter
described may take the loop of looper thread, and the eye-pointed needle passing
through the next signature comes out through the signature and passes into
the loop held by the loop spreader in front of the thread left around the looper
thread from the previous signature, and the parts are so timed that the looper Q
is drawn back leaving a loop of its own thread through the thread of the eye-pointed
needle.
In order to give motion to the looper Q backward and forward at the proper
time, any suitable mechanism may be employed, but I prefer to have teeth 16 in
the form of a rack upon the top side of tlie looper bar which are engaged by teeth
of a segment 17 upon a looper shaft 18 that runs through the needle blocks L, there
being a segment 17 in a recess in each needle block, and the looper shaft being
grooved so as to allow for the needle block being slipped along under the head
frame C when the position of the needle block is changed.
The looper shaft receives its rocking movement by a link 19 connected to an arm
at. its end, and' which link 19 extends down to and is connected with a looper
lever Q having a stud or roller engaged by the groove of the cam M, shown in
full lines in Fig. 2.
If the looper was properly shaped and the parts timed so that the looper and
its second thread were concatenated or interlooped, similar to what is known as
the Grover and Baker stitch, this portion of the sewing might be accomplished
without the loop spreader next described, but in order to draw up the loops
together in the most advantageous manner in book sewing, I provide with each
needle block a loop spreader R upon a circular bar within the stock R¹ that is
fixed to and extends upon the front portion of each needle block, and the lower end
of this loop spreader is in the form of a thin curved finger, as seen in Figs. 7, 8,
30, 31 and 32, and upon the upper end of the loop spreader and rigidly connected
therewith, is a plunger 20 with a spring beneath it represented by dotted lines in
Fig. 7, which tends to lift the loop-spreader, and in this plunger is a cam groove,
and the end of the pin 21 enters such groove so that as the loop spreader is raised
it receives a partial revolution and as it is depressed it is partially revolved in the
other direction.
The rock shaft S extends along over the head frame Cand is suitably supported,
and there are arms 22 to the spreader bar S' which extend along over the
plungers 20, and the arm T at one end of the rock shaft S has a connecting rod T
to a bent lever T2 pivoted upon the frame and having a roller or stud to the
grooved cam U upon the shaft D, which groove is illustrated by the full lines
in Fig. 1, and upon the back of this cam U is a second groove, shown by
dotted lines, which is made use of in actuating the thread take-up as hereafter
described.
The shape of the groove in the cam U that acts upon the lever T2 and spreader
bar S' is such that such spreader bar forces down the plunger of the loop spreader
at the proper time and the pointed end of the loop spreader R passes between the
looper and its thread, such looper thread coming out through the end of the
tubular looper and passing back within the loop of needle thread a, left by the eye-
pointed semi-circular needle aforesaid, as seen in Figs. 21 and 32, and this loop
spreader R holds the loop of looper thread b, and as the looper draws back the
loop spreader is moved into the position represented in Figs. 8, 21 and 32 with
the loop of looper thread b around the wider portion of its thin book-shaped cod,
so that the loop of looper thread is spread for the needle N to pass up into, as such
needle N passes through a second signature, and then the loop spreader R is raised
to cast off its loop of looper thread around the end of the needle N, and the
looper goes forward and takes a loop of thread a from the needle N as seen in
Fig. 31, and the operations are repeated. In order to draw up the loop of looper
thread when the same is dropped by the spreader around the needle thread,
I provide an eye at 37 on the needle block, see Fig. 13, through which eye the
louper thread passes, and this eye is so located that the rear end of the tubular
: :

page_text: looper moves back beyond it and thus tightens the thread as illustrated in the
diagram, Fig. 21.
:
.
It will be apparent that the spreader bar S extending along parallel to the
head frame is adapted to act upon the loop spreaders regardless of their
position, hence the needle blocks can be placed wherever desired without varying
the action of the spreader bar and loop spreaders.
The threads a, for the needles N are to be supplied from any suitable spools and
pass beneath the stationary bar 23 and over the take-up bar 24 and behind the
bar 25 and over the bar St to the needle eye, and the take-up bar 24 is to receive
a.motion at the proper time to draw up the threads, such inotion being advan-
tageously given by arms 26 on the bar 25 upon which is an arm 27 to the connecting-
rod 28 leading to the bent lever V pivoted upon the frame and having a roller or
stud at the other end acted upon by the back groove in the cam U, see Fig. 1.
This take-up device for the threads is similar to that which has heretofore beon
made use of in sewing machines, and is so placed and timed that the needle threads
are drawn up and their loops tightened as the needles N are being drawn back
out of the signature.
The signatures may be notched or sawed at the places where the needles enter
and pass out of such signatures, and when this is done the signatures are supplied
in succession upon the bar F when the said bar is depressed and moved towards
the operator by the action of the cams K, the sheet being laid over the signature
bar in the manner indicated by dotted lines in Fig. 4; the sheet is then carried
up with the folded edge immediately below the needles N, and in this operation
the previously sowed signatures are forced backwardly to give room for the
introduction of the new signature, and the sewing is performed as before described,
but in order to steady the signature bar F and bring it to the correct position, it is
advantageous to provide upon the frame of the machine and adjacent to the two
ends of the signature bar the guide blocks 29 shown in Figs. 1 and 12, auch guide
blocks being notched upon their under edges for the reception of the beveled upper
edge at the ends of the signature bar, and the motion given to the signature bar
is such that its upper edge is carried bodily and vertically up into the notches
of the guide blocks, and the signature bar remains in position while the sewing is
being performed, and then the signature bar is lowered bodily and swung out
from the sewed signature.
The signatures as they are sewed are more or less springy and élastic and are
liable to expand and sometimes interfere with the insertion of the next signature;
to avoid this I provide upon either or all of the needle blocks signature holding
ratchets W, see Figs. 8 and 13, such ratchets being within recesses in the needle
blocks, and the teeth of the ratchet wheels may approximate in pitch the
thickness of the signatures so as to catch into the folded upper edges of the
signatures, and the pawl of each ratchet prevents the wheel from turning by any
expansive action of the signatures which might tend to move the top edges of
the signatures forward, and it is advantageous to provide a table X upon which the
lower edges of the signatures will rest, and such table cau be raised or lowered,
there being a cross-bar X' below the table upon which such table rests and with
which it is connected, and there are pawls 30 engaging stationary racks 31 at the
euds of the table X, so as to allow for raising or lowering such table to accommodate
different sizes of signatures.
It will be apparent that in consequence of the ends of the cross-bar X being
notched adjacent to the pawls 30, the 'back edge of the table X can be lifted to
swing the upper ends of the pawls out of engagement with the racks, and when
the table is brought level the pawls firmly engage the racks and hold the
table.
11.
In some instances it is desirable to pass.n strip, or strips of muslin, tape, or other
material across the backs of the books and to sew through the same. When this
is made use of the strip or tape 32 is passed below the bar. 33, and lies between
the top edges of the signatures and the under surfaces of the needle blocks, as

page_text: :
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shown in Fig.7, and the sewing will be performed in the manner before.described,
and as illustrated in Fig. 28, or the needles may pass through such strip as well
ns through the signatures. It is, however, important to allow a certain length of
strip, between one volume and the next as sewed upon the machine, and with this
object in view, I provide slats 34 that are of a width corresponding, or nearly so,
to the width of the piece of muslin as cut off and adapted to being pasted upon
the interior; back edges, of the cavers, hence by inserting a slat 34 between one
volume and the next, as seen in Fig. 7, such slat.is held by the strip of muslin.or
similar material,.and.when the volumes are separated, such slats are removed. and
can be used over again, the strip of muslin or similar material, being out. midway t
between one volume and the other in separating the volumes.
It is usually advantageous to have the semi-circular eye-pointed needles arranged
as illustrated in Figs. 1 and 14, so that the inter-looped looper threads will be
adjacent to the top and bottom portions of the back of the book, and with this
: object in view the semi-circular needle, near one end of the back of the signature,
will stand in and be moved in the opposite direction to the needle at the other end
of the back of the signature, and to effect this object the angle of inclination of the
teeth in the right-angled helical gears O.and O¹ will be reversed, as illustrated in
Fig. 15, and the looper and loop spreader will be placed, as shown in Fig. 1, to
come at the opposite side of the needle-block, and adjacent to the stock of the..
needle when the needle is turned back out of the signature.
In some instances it is advantageous to puncture the signature at the fold
thereof after the signature has been placed upon its bar F, so that the perforations
.in.the paper are in the exact positions necessary for the needle to pass into and
through such perforations in performing the sewing, and with this object in view,
the rod Y is supported at its ends in the guide segments I, and such rod Y is
provided with perforators, o sct. at the proper places, and advantageously adjustable,
and the rod Y is turned to a normal position by a spring p, Fig. 16, and there is a
finger projecting from the rod Y near one end, so that the signature-bar F coming
into contact with the finger r, as such signature-bar and signature are swung
towards the place of sewing, the finger gives to the rod Ya partial rotation and
.. causes the perforators o to turn down upon and penetrate the signature in the
position shown in Fig. 4, and the finger r continues to turn the rod Y as the
signature is moved along beneath such rod Y, and hence the perforators,o are
drawn out again from the paper, and the signature-bar F passing along clears.
the finger, and the spring p turns the parts back to their normal position, ready
to be acted upon again by the next signature.
;
In cases where it is desirable to cut out notches in the back or folded edge of
the signature, as the signature is carried up to place, I make use of stationary
cutteret, Figs. 19 and 20, upon the cross-bar Y which in this instancois, held
rigidly in place, and the tubo u is provided with notches in a downwardly,projecting
4 porticu. or flange, which, notches. correspond to the cutters,t, hence, as this, tube u
is, rotated it presses, the folded, edge of the paper against the stationary cutters t,
and carries such paper along with the sigunture bar as the latter is moved past
and beneath the rod Y, and in this manner .notches are cut by the, cutters:t at
the places where the needles are to pass into and out of the folded. back edges
of the signatures.
When the perforators are employed it is advantageous to make their outer
..edges curved to correspond to the curved path described by the eye-pointed needles
in passing into and out of the signature so as to open up the way for such
needles, and the faces that are towards each other should be flat so that the
threads in the loops,and lines of sewing will bave straight surfaces against which
to draw up.
In order to aid in balancing the weight of the guide segments I, the springs v
may be employed, between the frame and such, segments, or between the frame and
arms extending down from the segment pivots: 10.
In some instances it is, advantageous to suspend the volumes, as, sewed by the

page_text: slats 34, and with this object in view the slats 34 may be notched at their ends as
seen in Fig. 25, so as to be passed upon the supporting bars 39 that are fastened
to the upper ends of the racks 31, and the lines of sewing coming over the top
edges of these slats 34 will hold the signatures so that the volumes hang from such
slats, but if desired, a sheet of paper 36, or other suitable material may be fastened
to the slat, as seen in Fig. 26, and folded so as to be hung over the signature-bar
and sewed the same as one of the signatures and the slat will intervene between
the volumes and support the same, and when the volumes are separated the slat
and sheet are removed and can be used over again. The spring hooks at the ends
of the bar 39 allow the slat 34 to be pressed to place on such bar and held by the
hooks while the next signature is being put in place and sewed.
The threads of the sewing are illustrated in Figs. 27 and 28 without any.
signatures, and in Figs. 29 and 33, as in the signatures.
An arm 47 is also shown in Fig. 29 that carries a thread 48 and this arm is
moved between one stitch and the next to interlace said thread with the threads
carried by the eye-pointed needle, such interlacing being shown in Fig. 28 as over
the strip 32, and in Figs. 29 and 33 as interlaced in a single line with the thread
from one needle where it passes from one signature to the next. This arm 47 is
advantageously supported from an arm that extends out from the needle block L,
and any suitable mechanism can be employed to swing this arm 47 from one
position to the other between one stitch and the next as aforesaid.
It will be understood, especially upon reference to Figs. 27, 28, 29 and 33 that
the needle threads a are double within the signatures, the loops at the ends passing
out and being interlooped with the thread from the looper, such loops being in a
row across the backs of the signatures; and such thread a passes out of one
signature into the other signature as illustrated in Fig. 21, or the thread 48 is
interlaced with the thread a at this place, as seen in Figs. 28, 29 and 33.
In Figs. 30 and 32 I have showed a throat plate 51 with holes for the needle to
pass through, and against which the back of the signature is pressed while being
sewed. This may be fastened on the lower edge of the needle block L, Figa. 7
and 8, but where the needle swings in a recess in said block, as seen in said Figs. 7
and 8, this throat plate is not needed.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1. The combination in a machine for sewing books, of a signature holding bar
and means for moving the same, groups of sewing devices each composed of a
semi-circular eye-pointed needle, a looper that supplies a second thread and takes
a loop of thread from the eye-pointed needle, and a loop spreader for taking a loop
of second thread from the looper and mechanism for moving the respective parts,
substantially as set forth.
2. The combination in a machine for sewing books, of a signature holding bar
and means for moving the same, a frame and needle block removably connected to
the cross-head of the frame, a semi-circular eye-pointed needle and needle shaft
carried by such block, a tubular looper through which a second thread is passed,
and means for moving the needle and the looper to interloop the looper thread
with the needle thread, substantially as set forth.
3. The combination in a machine for sewing books, of a signature holding bar
and means for moving the same, a frame and needle block removably connected to
the cross head of the frame, a semi-circular eye-pointed needle and needle shaft
carried by such block, a tubular looper through which a second thread is passed,
and means for moving the needle and the looper to interloop the looper thread
with the needle thread, a vertically acting loop spreader, and means for actuating;
the same, substantially as set forth.
4. The combination in a machine for sewing books with the signature holding
bar and means for actuating the same, of a frame having a head parallel to the
B
-

page_text: sheet holding bar, needle blocks and attaching screws passing through the head
frame for holding the needle blocks in the positions where they may be placed,
semi-circular eye-pointed needles, needle shafts carried by the blocks and a shaft
parallel to the signature holding bar and at right angles to the needle shafts, and
connecting gears, substantially as set forth.
5. In a machine for sewing books, eye-pointed semi-circular needles, shafts
carrying such needles, blocks supporting the shafts, and a head frame with which
the blocks are connected, a rock shaft at right angles to the needle shaft and
gears for connecting the rock shaft and the needle shafts, substantially as set
forth;
6. In a machine for sewing books having signature holding mechanism,
eye-pointed semi-circular needles, shafts carrying such needles, blocks supporting
the shafts and a head frame with which the blocks are connected, a rock shaft at
right angles to the needle shaft, and gears for connecting the rock shaft and the
needle-shafts, a tubular looper through which a second thread passes, a rock shaft
and segmental gears for actuating the same, and mechanism for actuating the rook
shafts, substantially as set forth.
7. The combination in a machine for sewing books having signature holding
mechanism, of a needle block, a shaft supported by the same, a semi-circular eye-
pointed needle, and mechanism for actuating the needle shaft and needle, a tubular
looper through which a second thread passes, and means for actuating the same, a
vertical loop spreader, a plunger, cam groove, pin, and spring for raising the loop
spreader and partially rotating the same, a rock shaft and spreader bar for
actuating the loop spreaders, substantially as set forth.
8. The combination in a machine for sewing books having the stitch forming
mechanism, of a signature-bar, end bars for the same, a rock shaft and links
connecting the rock shaft with the end bars of the signature frame, a cam for
raising and loworing the links and signature frame, a cam and links connected
with the signature frame for swinging the same, substantially as set forth.
9. The combination in a machine for sewing books having stitch forming
mechanism, of a signature-bar, end bars for the same, a rock shaft and links
connecting the rock shaft with the end bars of the signature frame, a cam for
raising and lowering the links and signature frame, a cam and links connected
with the signature frame for swinging the same, guide segments at the ends of the
signature-bar, stationary pivots for the same and guide blocks intervening between
the guide segments and ends of the signature-bar, substantially as set forth.
10. The combination in a book sewing machine having stitch forming mechanism
with the signature-bar and mechanism for moving the same, of stationary blocks
notched at their under sides for receiving the ends of the signature-bar as the same
is lifted, substantially as set forth.
11. The combination in a machine for sewing books with the signature-bar and
the sewing mechanism and means for actuating the same, of a guide bar beneath
which a strip of muslin or other material is passed to be sewed. to the signatures,
and slats introduced into the folds of the muslin or other material between one
volume of sewed signatures and the next and beneath the needle blocks and below
the threads that ünite the signatures, substantially as set forth.
12. The combination in a nacliine for sewing books with the signature-bar,
needle blocks and sewing mechanism, of ratchet wheels and pawls upon the needle
blocks, such wheels being in contact with the folded edges of the signatures and
turned by them as they are forced backwardly and sewed for preventing the
sewed signatures springing forward as the signature holding bar is removed,
substantially as set forth.
13. The combination with the stitch forming mechanism and the signature-bar in
a.book sewing machine and means for moving the same, of perforators with which
the folded back edges of the signatures are brought into contact by the movement
of the signature-bar, substantially as set forth.
14. The combination with the stitch forming mechanism and the signature-bar

page_text: in a book sewing machine, and means for moving the same, of perforators with
which the folded back edges of the signatures are brought into contact by the
movement of the signature-bar and a finger with which the signature-bar comes
into contact for giving motion to the parts of the perforating device as the
signature-bar is carried past the perforators, substantially as set forth.
15. The combination with the book sewing mechanism, of slats interposed
between the signatures at intervals and having notches at their ends, and a
supporting bar and spring latches for holding the slats, substantially as set
forth.
16. The combination with the signature-bar and the book sewing mechanism, of
a slat and a sheet attached thereto and adapted to being placed upon the
signature-bar and sewed in between one volume and the next, substantially as
specified.
17. The combination with the book signatures, of two threads interlooped there
being a loop of one thread passing into and along and out of the back of one signature
and through a loop of the second thread and a loop of the second thread passing
through the end portion of the said loop of the first thread, and a second loop of
first thread passing into along and out of the next signature and through the said
loop of second thread and the loops of thread pulled up into one line across the
back of the book so that one loop of second thread closely surrounds each loop of
first thread, and another lcop of second thread passes directly through the end of
the adjacent loop of first thread, substantially as specified.
18. The combination with the book signatures, of three threads interlooped as
specified with a loop of one thread passing into and along and out of the back of
one signature and through a loop of a second thread, and a loop of the second
thread passing through the end portion of the said loop of the first thread, and a
second loop of first thread passing into along and out of the next signature and
through the said loop of second thread and the loops of thread pulled up into one
line across the back of the book so that one loop of second thread closely surrounds
each loup of first thread, and another loop of second thread passes directly through
the end of the adjacent loop of first thread, and the third thread passes across the
signatures aud is retained by the first threads where they pass out of one signature
into the next, substantially as specified.
Dated thin 14th dow of M. 1806
Dated this 14th day of May 1906,
BREWER & SON,
London and Leeds, Agents for the Applicant.