MACHINE, WHICH PERFORMS ITS OPERATIONS BY THE POWER OF SUCH COMMON FIRE ENGINES AS ARE USED IN RAISING WATER OUT OF MINES, WHICH HE APPREHENDS WILL ANSWER ALL THE PURPOSES OF WIND, WATER, AND HORSE MILLS
Year: 1766

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME. I, JOHN
STEWART, of the Parish of Saint George in the East, in the County of Middle-
sex, Merchant, send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third, by His
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date the
Sixth day of September, in the sixth year of His reign, and now last past,
did give and grant unto me, the said John Stewart, His especial license, full
power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said John Stewart, my exors,
adiñors, and assigns, should and might, during the term of years therein
expressed, make, use, exercise, and vend, throughout that part of His Majesty's
Kingdom of Great Britain called England, His Dominion of Wales, and Town
of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and also in His Colonies and Plantations abroad, my
new-invented "MACHINE, WHICH PERFORMS ITS OPERATIONS BY THE POWER OF SUCH
COMMON FIRE ENGINES AS ARE USED IN RAISING WATER OUT OF MINES, WHICH HE
APPREHENDS WILL ANSWER ALL THE PURPOSES OF WIND, WATER, AND HORSE MILLS;"
in which said recited Letters is contained a proviso obliging me, the said John
Stewart, by writing under my hand and seal, to cause a description of my said
Invention to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within
four calendar months from the date of the said recited Letters Patent, as

page_text: in and by the same, relation being thereunto had, may more fully and at
large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
John Stewart, do hereby declare that my said Invention is made and perfected
in manner following (that is to say) :—
Plan A represents a side view of a common fire engine, and the manner in
which the alternate motion and power of it is to be applyed to the circular
motion of the wheels (to wit) :-Figure 1 is a piece of timber, which he calls a
working rod, which is put in place of the pump rods which works the pumps
to lift water out of mines. Figure 2, 2, is two pieces of timber with coggs in
each, which are to be placed on the rod higher or lower, as the mill to be
worked may require. Figure 3, 3, is two half wheels, which are to be worked
by the rod alternately, one as it moves up, the other as it returns down; the
use of which wheels will be described in Plan B. Figure 4 is a box, to contain
what weight may be found necessary to divide the power which is given by
the presure of the air on the pestin when the vacuum is made in the cilender
(which, by experience, is found in work to be seven pounds on every superficial
square inch, clear of all friction), the design of which is to give the rod the
same force on the one half wheel when it moves up as on the other when it
returns down. Figure 5, 5, is four small pieces of timber, one on each side of
the rod above, and one below, with a notch in each for two sliders, which are
to be fixed on two sides of the rod, to run in the notches to prevent its giving
way by the friction of the coggs.
Plan B is a ground plan or view of the machine and a sugar mill, such as
are worked by wind mills in grinding or compressing canes, and the manner in
which the machine is to work them (to wit) :-Figure 6, 6, is the half wheels,
Figure 3, 3, in Plan A; and Figure 7 is the working rod in the same. Figure
8, 8, is two wheels on the same shafts with Figure 6, 6. Figure 9 is a wheel
which is to be moved by them alternately, and to be fixed either above or
below, as may be found most convenient, and at the same time it moves them
and the half wheels alternately as they are discharged by the rod, and brings
them in place again, which keeps the whole in a continual circular motion;
and the trunnel head, Figure 10, being on the same shaft, moves Figure 12,
a wheel of the sugar mill, which turns the Figure 13, 13, as in all wind mills;
and wheels of a larger diameter may be set in place of the trunnil head,
Figure 10, to work any other kind of mill at the same time, and, by enlarging
the cilender to give more power, may work three or four mills at the same
time. It is to be observed, that two of the coggs, Figure 14, 14, in the rod

page_text: are to be sloped in one end, as in the Plann, and the mortasses made easie to
let them sink into them to let the first cogs in the half wheels pass them, and
a spring is to be fixed on the under end or on one side of each, to send then
quickly back, to be carryed on by the same coggs in the rod on their return,
which coggs, Figure 14, 14, are to be made in the form of Figure 23 in Plan A.
The mortasses for them are to be made about a quarter of an inch wider at
top than at bottom to let the sloped end fall so much back as to bring the
notch on the same end of the cogg out of a mortace, which is made for it
fall into on the return of the rod to keep the cogg from sinking into the mortace
on the return of the rod by the friction; and the mortace in the said cogg,
Figure 23, is for a small iron pin to prevent the cogs from being carryed
farther out than their place by the spring or friction of the coggs. It is to be
observed also, that the bends of the half wheels are to be so broad as to hold
three coggs in the breadth, as the coggs, Figure 14, 14, are not to be set upon
the same line with the rest which make up the half circle; and the coggs,
Figure 15, 15, on the half wheels, and 16, 16, on the rod, being one more on
each than makes up the half circle, is to bring the first coggs in the half
wheels past the sloped coggs until the rod returns; but should the rod at any
tine move farther, the whole is kept in motion by these and other coggs until
the return of the rod without any loss of time.
may
Figure 19, 19, is
Plan C represents another method of the first moving wheels or half wheels,
to be worked by chains in place of the coggs, which the Patentee apprehends
be more convenient in some kinds of mills than the half wheels and coggs
which are described by, Figure 17, 17, is two wheels, with teeth on the outside
all round. Figure 18, 18, is two wheels, one on the outside of each of them,
which is to move backward and forward half the circle of them, and to be sup-
ported by seperate arms and spokes in each side of the inner wheels, to be set
in boxes, and turn casie on the shafts of the inner wheels.
two chains, to be fastened to the outer wheels by an iron pin.
is two iron hooks fitted to catch on the teeth of the inner wheels, to bring
them about alternately on every return of the rod, and is to be fastened to the
outer wheel and chain by the same pin. Figure 21, 21, is two springs to keep
the hooks close to the teeth, and cause them to fall in quick to take hold on
the return of the rod. Figure 22, 22, is two small chains, which moves on
two pulleys, Figure 23, 23, to bring the outer wheels back on the return of
the rod. The rest of the wheels are the same as before described.
Figure 20, 20,
The Patentee desires it may be observed, that the present and only method
he has heard of injecting the cold water into cilenders to make vacuum is from

page_text: the bottom or side near the bottom, which is forced by the presure of the water
above through one hole, in some engines three, which goes up in one or three
pillars and don't seperate, so as to condence the steam to make the vacuum, until
it is divided into small particles by striking against the pestin, in which, being
at the time of injection in most engines from seven to eight feet above the
injection pipe, takes some time, which occasions a stop of about a second in
every return of the pestin down, by which, in all engines, one fourth or one
fifth of the time is lost; but this stop would be attended with greater
inconveniences in working mills if not provided for, particularly in those which
require a constant motion, as grinding of any kind, and others, as for rolling and
other uses, were the materials to be worked are sometimes in and sometimes
out.
When out, the weights having no ballance but the pestin, will run down
with velocity, and if not stopped will fall with such force as may break the
chains or otherways damage the engine. To remedy which, the Patentee has
contrived an injection of part of the water near the top of the cilinder, a little
below that part to which the pestin ought to rise, at the same time the injection
pipe opens below, which he apprehends will make the vacuum above so quick
that it will stop it at the proper place, and bring it down as quickly as the
steam does by filling the vacuum as it returns it up. The method of those
injections are described in Plan A, Figure 24, 24. They are to be made
thro' two holes, to be made in the celinder one opposite to the other, that
the water from each may meet in the middle, which, being forced by the
presure of the water in the pipes above them, thro' the strainers made full of
small holes, will divide it into small particles, and amake the vacuum above as
soon as the injection pipe opens below. The cocks, Figure 25, 25, are to be
opened by two iron barrs, which are to lye over the celinder, Figure 26, to be
lifted by the chain of the said pestin as it comes up to open them, and the rods
are to be so heavy as to fall as soon as the pestin returns down to close the
cocks. Another method of stopping the velocity of the weights, and stopping
the pestin from being carried further than it ought to go (which may answer
in some mills), is to place a wheel on the shaft of the half wheel, which the
rod moves when it is going up, of some larger diameter than the said half
wheel, over which a hoop may be fixed in the same manner as in wind mills
for grinding corn, to stop or lessen the motion when the wind is to strong by
letting the hoop down on the wheel, the friction of which on the wheels will
stop or lessen the motion as there may be occasion. This may be contrived by
fixing a poll or small piece of timber to reach from the wheel to the place were
the man who attends the work stands or sits, and may be so ballanced that he

page_text: may with his hand or foot let the hoop down as the material to be worked is
going out; and when the material is put in it may rise, and the motion
continue without any stop or loss of time. Figure 27, in Plan A, shews
how the machine may work two mills at the same time.
SAM LARKE.
W. BRERETON.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Third day of January, in the
year of our Lord 1767, the aforesaid John Stwrt came before our said
Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification aforesaid,
and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above
written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the
tenor of the Statute made in the sixth year of the reign of the late King
and Queen William and Mary of England, and so forth.
Inrolled the Third day of January in the rear of our Lord One thousand