Improvements in and connected with Carbonisers, applicable for the Destruction of Vegetable Matter Mixed with Wool and for other purposes.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Jan., 1891-Accepted, 13th June, 1891
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with Carbonisers, applicable for the
Destruction of Vegetable Matter Mixed with Wool and for other
purposes.
I, BENNI BELLERSTEIN, Manufacturer, of Neuss, Germany, do hereby declare
the nature of my invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The apparatus hereinafter described and illustrated by the accompanying
drawings has for its object, to destroy the vegetable matter mixed with woollen
fibres or rags, by evaporating suitable chemicals in a retort and then bringing them
into contact with the fibrous material to be treated.
If sulphuric acid and salt are used for this purpose, the retort is preferably
trough-shaped, but if muriatic acid is employed, I prefer to employ a retort a with
straight bottom, as illustrated by the drawing.
In this case, the acid is caused to trickle in drops through a funnel upon the
highest part of the retort placed in a slanting position, so as to produce immediate
evaporation. If a portion of the liquid should reach the lower part of the retort,
without previous evaporation, it would evaporate on the lowest part of the bottom
plate which is horizontal. For the better distribution of the acid, a vessel provided
with small notches or openings may be employed, through which the acid flows off.
A slide w (Figs. 1 and 3) is placed so that, the acid drops first upon the said slide,
and the bottom plate of the retort is thus protected from early destruction. The
said slide is guided right and left in oblique grooves, and periodically moved up or
down, so that the acid may drop on fresh portions of the slide.
Between the retort a and the carbonising drum there is a superheater b, which
serves to evaporate any acid, which may be carried over in a liquid state, and to
raise the acid vapours to a high temperature which cannot be obtained by the
carbonisers hitherto known or employed. Owing to the high temperature, the
gases or vapours act on the raw material more vigorously and rapidly than usual.
100 kilos. of raw material, which in ordinary carbonisers require at least 6 kilos.
of acid, may be carbonised in the present apparatus with 4 kilos. or less, and
this in a time varying from 1 to 1 hour, instead of requiring from 2 to 3 hours,
as in ordinary carbonisers.
The superheater contains partitions or deflecting plates c and d which prevent
the vapours from passing directly into the drum and from carrying moisture with
them. At the same time, the said partitions or plates retain the vapours in the
superheater longer and thereby serve to expose them longer to the action of the
heating gases which surround the superheater.
.
The partition d is provided with a slide e which serves to interrupt com-
munication between the retort and the revolving drum, when desired, so that on
the completion of the carbonising process, the vapours subsequently formed will
not enter the carbonising drum and molest the workman who is emptying the
drum. The superheater is furthermore provided with a lateral tube f, which
enters the hollow journal g of the drum h.
The gases, after having passed through the material contained in the drum,
escape through the hollow journal i into the suction pipe or canal k, which is
connected with the chimney; they are drawn out of the drum by a separate fan
and pressed through the canals and K towards the chimney, into which escape
also the vapours which arise during the emptying of the drum, the said vapours
being conducted into the pipe K through the pipe , instead of penetrating into
the work-room.
The gases of combustion arising from the coke fire made under the retort a
first meet the retort, and subsequently the superheater b, afterwards passing
through a flue m underneath the carbonising drum h. Consequently, during the

page_text: actual carbonising process, the drum need not be specially heated, and much fuel
is saved in comparison with the older methods, where the heating gases used under
the retort were allowed to escape without further utilization into the chimney.
In case it is not desired, to conduct the heating gases underneath the drum, for
instance, when the latter is being emptied, the said gases are conducted directly
to the flue y through a separate flic, which can be closed by a slide or damper.
11
The carbonising process is preceded by a drying process, during which the
gases of combustion produced in the fire-place ascend into the space o which
encloses the drum and is surrounded by walls, the revolving drum being thus
heated simultaneously by the gases ascending from the fire-place and the gases
coming from underneath the retort. The opening of the fire-place a leads to a
horizontal flue p, which is separated from the drum by a partition and thereby
protects the drum from the direct action of the fire, at the same time retaining also
the flying ashes.
S
The gases of combustion, which have been used under the carbonising drum h,
are then drawn off through the flue 7 by a second fan and conducted through the
wind pipe
into the carbonising drum. For this purpose, the branch pipe
attached to the wind pipe is provided with a moveable sleeve which can be intro-
duced with its lower end into the superheater, so that the hot gases are forced
through and into the drum. In this case the slide e of the superheater would be
closed. For introducing the tube or sleeve t, when required, the top of the super-
heater is provided with a suitable opening, which can be closed by a lid.
The tube s contains a throttle valve e, which is open during the drying process.
In this manner, the heating gases which have already passed through the fluc
are again utilized, and the advantage is gained, that the aqueous vapours developed
in the drum during the drying process, are immediately removed from the same,
the latter being constantly supplied with dry hot gases which greatly accelerates
the drying. The moist vapours are conducted through the suction canal to the
chimney, which also receives the gases of combustion conducted through the wind
pipe 7, when the throttle valve » is closed. In this case a slide or valve, inserted
in the wind pipe and serving to interrupt communication with the chimney, is
opened.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:
1. In carbonising apparatus, a superheater, inserted between the retort and the
carbonising drum, and adapted to complete the evaporation of the carbonising
media, or to superheat their vapours, substantially as described.
2. In carbonisers, an inclined, flat bottomed retort, adapted to receive the
carbonising medium in drops and to evaporate the same, substantially as described.
3. In carbonising apparatus, a superheater provided with partitions c and d and
with a slide e adapted to interrupt communication during the drying process, or
when the drum is being emptied, substantially as described.
4. In carbonising apparatus, the method of utilizing the heating gases used under
the retort, which consists in conducting them around the superheater and
subsequently into the space which surrounds the carbonising drum, so as to heat
the latter, substantially as described.
5. In carbonising apparatus, the method of utilizing the gases used for heating
the drum, which consists in forcing them through a moveable or detachable pipe t
into the superheater and thence into the carbonising drum h, in order to dry the
raw material contained in the same, substantially as described.
Dated the 94th day of BAND P*17 1201
Dated the 94th day of
La
201
B. BELLERSTEIN.
By Fairfax & Wetter,
433, Strand, London, Agents.
B. BELLERSTEIN.
By Fairfax & Wetter,
433, Strand, London, Agents.