IMPROVEMENTS IN REFLECTORS FOR LAMPS AND OTHER LIKE PURPOSES
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Jewitt, of Kentish Town, in the County
of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN REFLECTORS
FOR LAMPS AND OTHER LIKE PURPOSES."-A. communication from
abroad by Horace Craighead, of New York, United States of
America.
Sealed the 2nd July 1875, and dated the 27th April 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Jewitt at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th April 1875.
I, HENRY JEWITT, of Kentish Town, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for “IMPROVEMENTS
IN REFLECTORS FOR LAMPS AND OTHER LIKE PURPOSES," a communication to me
from abroad by Horaco Oraighead, of New York, United States of
America, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to mirrors or reflectors applicable to gas
burners, and to lamps and lanterns of various kinds

page_text: secured upon supports or brackets with the apexes of the mirrors
opposite to each other, thus <, and the gas jet or lamp burner
between them, or with two arms of the V shaped wings touching each other,
thus , or parallel to each other but apart, thus ✓✓,
with the light in front.
And, Secondly. In two or more reflectors pyramidal, conical, parabolic,
or of other shape designed to be arranged in sets of two or more around
the chimney or glass of a gas burner or lamp, and having so much of
their apexes removed or cut away as to provide room for the neck and
chimney, the cut being so made as to cause the parts to fit closcly to
cach other and around tho chimney in the shape of encircling lips, thus
causing all the lateral and as much as practicable of the vertical rays to
bo reflected in a direct line forward and backward.
The sets of reflectors are coupled together by hooks, which engage
with oyes on the adjacent parts, and formed with a "bow"
or "turn "
to render them elastic, and enable them to accommodate themselves to
expansion and contraction of the chimney under variation in tempc-
rature.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Henry Jewitt in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 27th October 1875..
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS .SHALL COME, I, HENRY
JEWITT, of Kentish Town, in the County of Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-seventh day of April, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the thirty-
eighth year of Her reign, did for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Henry Jewitt, Her special licenco
that I, the said Henry Jewitt, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said Henry Jewitt, my executors, admini-
strators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,

page_text: within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN REFLECTORS
FOR LAMPS AND OTHER LIKE PURPOSES," a communication to me from
abroad by Horace Craighead, of New York, United States of America,
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Henry Jewitt,
my exccutors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Henry Jewitt, do hereby declaro
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying
Sheet of Drawings, and to the figures and letters marked thereon (that
is to say):
This Invention relates to mirrors or reflectors applicable to gas
burners, and to lamps and lanterns of various kinds, and consists,—
Firstly. In a pair of vertical y shaped wings or reflectors, which are
secured upon supports or brackets with the apexes of the mirrors
opposite to each other, thus <, and the gas jet or lamp burner
between them, or with two arms of the V shaped wings touching cach
other, thus, or parallel to each other but apart, thus
with the light in front.
And, Secondly. In two or more reflectors pyramidal, conical, parabolic,
or of other shape designed to be arranged in sets of two or more around
the chimney or glass of a gas burner or lamp, and having so much of
their apexes removed or cut away as to provide room for the neck and
chimney, the cut being so made as to cause the parts to fit closely to
each other and around the chimney in the shape of encircling lips, thus
causing all the lateral and as much as practicable of the vertical rays to
be reflected in a direct line forward and backward.
The sets of reflectors are coupled together by hooks, which engage
with cyes on the adjacent parts, and formed with a bow or turn to
render them elastic, and enable them to accommodate themselves to

page_text: In Figs. 7 to 10 are represented the V shaped reflectors applied to a
lamp or lantern.
E represents a rectangular frame or cage, to which is hinged at c, c',
two doors E', E, fitted with glass or other transparent panes. These
doors may be maintained in their closed condition by spring clips F that
are secured to the under side of the frame E. Sccurely fitted within
the frame E are two pairs of vertical mirrors 1, 2, and 3, 4, each pair
being united in V form, whose outer or reflecting surfaces may be either
flat or concave, although the latter is the preferred shape. These two
pairs of mirrors do not touch cach other, a space or interval G being
left between the apexes thereof, and it is within this open space that
the burner H is located. The burner H, from which the light is
emitted, may be arranged for gas, coal oil, or other illuminating agent,
and it is preferred to use a broad flat flame, whose plane is coincident
with tho common axis of the mirrors. This arrangement of the burner
is clearly seen in Fig. 10.
If coal oil or other burning fluid is used the receptacle I for the same
may be provided with a tongue I adapted to engage with a loop or
staple J that is securely attached to the frame E.
K is a chimney to allow the escape of smoke from the burner H, and
also to conduct heated air away from the interior of the lantern.
Reflecting plates 5 and 6 are secured respectively to the inner sides of
the top and bottom of the frame E.
The mirrors 1, 2, and 3, 4, may extend vertically from the plate 5 up
to the plate 6, but it is preferred to join said mirrors to clevated
reflectors 7, 8, as more clearly shown in Fig. 8. By referring to this
illustration it will be seen that these elevated reflectors 7, 8, are slightly
concave, and curve over from the mirrors 1, 2, and 3, 4, toward the
front and back of lantern. The inner ends of these elevated reflectors
are joined by flat plates 0 and 10. L are customary openings to admit
a supply of fresh air to the interior of the lantern.
From the above description it will be seen that the rays of light

page_text: temperature.
In Figs. 23 and 24 B represents a parabolic reflector fitting over tho
cylindrical chimney A, and suspended from the top thereof by a rod E
formed at its upper end with a hook e², and at its lower end with a screw
thread e³, receiving a thumb nut F, affording vertical adjustmont to any
uccessary extent.
The mode of attachment will also be seen to admit of rotary adjust-
ment, or turning the reflector round, so as to present it in any
direction.
The chimney can be passed through one opening in the reflector, as
in Fig. 23, so as to throw the light downward for use in reading or
writing, concentrating it on one side of the lamp in the most advan-
tageous manner; or the chimney may be passed through two openings,
as in Fig. 24, the light being then thrown in a nearly horizontal path.
In Figs. 25 and 26 B³ represents a compound reflector, consisting of
two conic frustra connected at their smallest diameter. This reflector is
supported by flexible rods G² attached to clip H³, which gripes the neck
of the burner. This attachment admits of readily slipping the reflector
up and down, and the flexibility of the rods permits the changing of the
angle of inclination of the reflector, or setting it in horizontal position
if preferred to suit the purpose for which it may be used, or the position
in which it is placed. The wires G² may be replaced by flexible
strips K', K, Fig. 26, passing through sockets in a collar L held
adjustably on the neck of the burner by set screws N³. O³ are set
screws for securing the strips K* within the sockets. This up-and-down
reflector is of great utilility for illuminating mines, shafts, winding
stairways, and other places where the light is required to be thrown
especially in a vertical direction.
In Figs. 27 and 28 B² is a reflector of truncate pyramidal form having
preferably eight or other number of faces or sides, which multiply the
reflection, and at the same time powerfully project the light. Tho
reflector B is fitted with a tongue I' to engage with a loop or staple J³,
and an eye P² is provided to engage with the socket Q and pin R to

page_text: fasten reflector to the inside of the lamp box door S, the reflector being
also cut away at T to fit the lamp glass as before described.
Having now described the nature and particulars of the said Inven-
tion, I claim, the improvements in reflectors for lamps and other like
purposes, substantially as herein described and shown by the Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Jewitt, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of October, One thousand
cight hundred and seventy-five.