IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF YARNS, SUCH YARNS BEING COMPOSED OF WOOLLEN, COTTON, FLAX, SILK, OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES OR COMBINATIONS OF THEM, AND IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Clapham, of Leeds, in the County of York, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF YARNS, SUCH YARNS
BEING COMPOSED OF WOOLLEN, COTTON, FLAX, SILK, OR OTHER FIBROUS
SUBSTANCES OR COMBINATIONS OF THEM, AND IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS
EMPLOYED FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME."
Scaled the 6th August 1878, and dated the 22nd May 1878.
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Clapham at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd May 1878.
JOHN CLAPHAM, of Leeds, in the County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF YARNS, SUCH YARNS BEING COMPOSED OF WOOLLEN, COTTON;
FLAX, SILK, OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES OR COMBINATIONS OF THEM, AND IN
THE MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME."
My improvements consist in inserting or imbedding within the yarn a central
thread or threads composed of cotton, linen, or other suitable twisted or untwisted
material; and in order to insert the above thread or threads I commence my
operations at the "condenser " machine, and in order to effect my purpose I either
pass a thread or threads of cotton, linen, or other suitable material in between each
doffer ring" and "stripper roller," or round the "doffer rings" over guide rollers,
and between the "condenser rollers;" the thread may when preferred pass round
the guide roller between the "stripper rollers" and "rubbers" independent of the
stripper roller" and "doffer ring," and as the material is stripped off the "doffer
rings" by the condenser "stripper rollers" it envelopes the central thread or threads,
and in passing between the "condenser rubbers" the material which already
envelopes the herein-before mentioned thread or threads is rolled in the ordinary
manner, and leaves the condenser rubbers, having within its centre the herein-
before mentioned thread or threads, rendering the "condenser" thread much
stronger; it can then be either formed into yarn on the machine described in my,
Provisional Specification entitled "Improvements in Machinery Employed in the
"

page_text: Manufacture of Yarns for Weaving or other Purposes," dated 15th May 1878, No.
1942 (thus dispensing with the spinning machine or mule), or may be taken for
the same purpose to the spinning or twisting frame or inulc.
I provide suitable guides on the condenser for conducting the central thread
between the "doffer rings" and condenser stripper rollers, or on to the doffer rings. 5
These improvements are applicable to inferior classes of material, as the central
thread or threads add or adds much to the strength, weight, and durability of the
material of which such goods are manufactured; also it may be applied with
advantage to high-class goods for the same purposes.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said John Clapham in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 19th November
1878.
JOHN CLAPHAM, of Leeds, in the County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF YARNS, SUCH YARNS BEING COMPOSED OF WOOLLEN, COTTON,
FLAX, SILK, OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES OR COMBINATIONS OF THEM, AND IN
THE MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME”.
"
"
My improvements consist in inserting or embedding within the yarn a central
thread or threads composed of cotton, linen, or other suitable twisted or untwisted
material; and in order to insert the above thread or threads I commence my
operation at the "condenser" machine, and in order to effect my purpose I either
pass a thread or threads of cotton, linen, or other suitable material in between cach
doffer ring
and "stripper" roller, or round the doffer rings, over guide rollers
and between the “condenser" rubbers; the thread may when preferred pass round
the guide roller between the "stripper rollers" and "rubbers" independent of the
stripper roller" and "doffer ring," and as the material is stripped off the "doffer
rings" by the condenser stripper rollers it envelopes the central thread or threads,
and in passing between the "condenser rubbers" the material which already
envelopes the herein-before mentioned thread or threads is rolled in the ordinary
manner, and leaves the "condenser rubbers," having within its centre the herein-
before mentioned thread or threads, rendering the "condenser" thread much
stronger; it can then be either formed into yarn on the machine_described in my
Provisional Specification entitled "Improvements in Machinery Employed in the
Manufacture of Yarns for Weaving or other Purposes," dated 15th May 1878, No.
1942 (thus dispensing with the spinning machine or mule), or may be taken for the
same purpose to the spinning or twisting frame or mule.
I provide suitable guides on the condenser for conducting the central thread
between the "doffer rings" and condenser "stripper rollers," or on to the "doffer
rings."
"

page_text: Inese improvements are applicable to interior classes of material, as the contral
thread or threads add or adds much to the strength, weight, and durability of the
material of which such goods are manufactured; also it may be applied with
advantage to high-class goods for the same purposes.
And in order that my Invention may be more completely understood reference is
given to. the accompanying. Sheet of Drawings, and to the letters and marks
thereon,
Figure 1 is a transverse section, Figure 2 a longitudinal section, representing
enlarged views shewing the construction of yarn.
Figure 3 represents a side elevation of part machine.
Figure 4, a part plan, shewing the mode of manufacturing the yarn.
The construction of yarn is shown at Figures 1 and 2, in which a is the material
or yarn from the condenser; and b, the central thread; or when preferred more than
one thread b may be employed.
It will be seen from the illustration, Figures 1 and 2, that the thread or threads b
is or are embedded or inserted within the condenser yarn.
The operation of constructing this yarn with thread or threads b therein, as
shewn, is performed on the ordinary machine, known well in the trade as a
"condenser," all the parts of which necessary for fully explaining the mode of manu-
facturing the aforesaid yarn are clearly shewn at Figures 3 and 4. c shews frame-
work of "condenser," on which is mounted in the ordinary manner the "doffer" d,
this being clothed with carding or filletting; next come the doffer stripper e, the
stripper's stripper f, the upper rubber sheet g, and lower rubber sheet h, all of which
are of ordinary construction and worked precisely in the manner employed for pro-
ducing the ordinary condenser yarn, which is taken on to the condenser bobbin i of
the usual kind.
But in order to introduce a central thread or threads b I mount any required
number of bobbins on spindles ; on the spindle rail or bearer le carried on the
bracket 7, or by other suitable means. In this arrangement it is not necessary for
the spindle j to revolve. On these spindles j are mounted the "cops" or bobbins m
containing the central thread or threads b.
The operation is as follows:-I either pass the central thread or threads 6 in the
first instance round the stripper e, as shewn at 1; or over the doffer, as shewn at 2;
or over the stripper's stripper, as shewn at 3; or between the ordinary rubber
sheets and, as shown at 4; and whilst passing between these sheets g and h,
along with the condenser sliver a, the thread or threads b is or are enveloped in the
condenser sliver, such sliver a being rolled in the ordinary manner, and leaves the
rubbers g and h, having within its centre the herein-before mentioned thread or
threads b, thus rendering the condenser thread much stronger.
When the central thread is thick I provide grooves in the stripper's stripper f
through which it passes with the condenser sliver between the rubber sheets g
and . The yarn can then be taken on to other ordinary machines used in the
trade, and treated in the manner of ordinary condenser yarns; suitable guide
rollers may be employed for conducting the thread from bobbins or cops m on the
spindles to the doffer d, stripper e, or stripper's stripper f, or between rubber
sheets g and h.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, and shewn by Drawings
how the same may be carried into practice, I would have it understood that I do
not limit myself to the precise limits, details, or configuration of the parts I have
expressed and shewn, as the same may of course be varied or modified without in
any way departing from the nature or principle of my Invention; but what I claim
and desire to be secured to me by Letters Patent is,―
First. The construction of yarn in the manner described, having embedded or
inserted therein a central thread or threads formed of twisted or untwisted material,
substantially as herein set forth,

page_text: Second. The means employed for inserting or imbedding the herein-before
mentioned thread or threads.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Clapham, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Eighteenth day of November, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight,
JOHN CLAPHAM. (L.S.)