IMPROVED MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING AND MAKING COLORED AND WHITE AND BLACK SURFACE, AND GLAZED OR PRINTED PAPERS OR OTHER FABRICS."
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Jeffs, of 43, Hanover Street, Islington, N., in the
County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVED MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING AND MAKING COLORED AND WHITE AND
BLACK SURFACE, AND GLAZED OR PRINTED PAPERS OR OTHER FABRICS."
Sealed
T
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Jeffs at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th June 1879.
JAMES JEFFS, of 43, Hanover Street, Islington, N., in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVED MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING AND MAKING
COLORED AND WHITE AND BLACK SURFACE, AND GLAZED OR PRINTED PAPERS
OR OTHER FABRICS."
The object of my Invention is to color or color and print any class of paper or
other fabrics, and glaze the said
at the same time and place as the said
paper or fabric is running off the web or rolls from the said paper or other machine.
The machine can be placed to any paper making machine so as the fabric can
run off through this said machine to be colored or printed at the same time as the
said paper or fabric is being made, or can be worked by itself, and run the said
paper, &c., off the rolls or reels in what they call long elephant. This machine
consists of a trough or cistern to hold the said colors after mixing with water or
other liquids with two rolls working with drums at a given space from the said
colors to keep the fabric or paper tight under the said rolls; there shall be one or
more brushes of a round shape worked by drums, causing the said brushes to work
round, the bottom part of the said brushes working in the said mixed colors and
the top part working on paper or fabrics, leaving a wet color matter on the said
paper or fabrics, the said paper, &c., still is carried over other rolls or a plain block
of wood or stone, or metal of any kind, with a round brush as aforesaid, only dry,
to take off overflow of color. The said paper or fabrics are then passed over six,
or more or less hot rollers, drums, or rolls wide enough to let the fabrics pass. These
said drums or rollers can be heated by steam or otherwise between two hot plates,
or hot water, or gas, or fire tanks or stove; the said paper or fabric then passes over
a roller or two rolls with a round brush as aforesaid working in a box or case, or
otherwise, through which French or other chalks or other chymicals with one half
621

page_text: of the brush as aforesaid working on the surface of the said paper or fabrics taking
off the rough surface of the colors; the said paper or fabrics then passes between
two rolls, either metal, glass, or paper rolls, cither as friction rolls or otherwise.
The said paper or fabric passes over a flat table of stone, metal, hard wood, or
otherwise, with an arm or rod, holding or fixed into the said arm or rod small
stones, agate, or glass, or other stones or metal, three inches apart to the width of
the said paper or fabric, working as a piston rod to and from or backwards and
forwards across the surface colored part of the said paper or fabric, to glaze
or burnish the said paper or fabric, which is called flit glazing, which has always
been done by hand labor; the said paper or fabric is still carried forward by tapes
or other means, either through the printing rolls for paper hangings, or the said
printed rolls are taken out and a pair of shears, or scissors, or knife cuts the paper
or fabric up into sheets set by a gauge to size, at the same time placing it in one
fixed place, which is worked by cog wheels with 480 teeth, in the last tooth shall
have as stop or a bit of metal to strike a bell, giving notice that one ream is done,
to save time in counting over again. The aforesaid machine can be worked with
or without and at the same time altogether with the paper making machine, so
that the fibre or rags can pass through the paper machinery and at the other end
come out colored surface, glazed or unglazed, printed for paperhangings or glazed for
box making, or otherwise.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said James Jeffs in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 8th December
1879.
JAMES JEFFS, of 43, Hanover Street, Islington, N., in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVED MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING AND MAKING
COLOURED AND WHITE AND BLACK SURFACE, AND GLAZED OR PRINTED PAPERS
OR OTHER FABRICS."
The object of my Invention is to colour, prepare, and glaze paper or other fabrics,
or to glaze the same only on one or both sides whilst it is running off in the web
from the paper making machine, or from rolls or reels of such material previously
manufactured.
In order to effect this object my improved machinery may in the case of paper be
connected with a paper making machine producing the paper in a continuous web
in such manner that the said paper may be run direct through my machinery to be
coloured, prepared, and glazed as it is made; or if preferred my machinery may be
employed separately from the paper making machine and the paper or other fabric
run through it from rolls or reels.
In the Drawings Figure 1 illustrates in longitudinal section, but in part
diagramatically, a convenient arrangement of my machinery applicable to the
treatment of paper, and suitable either for connecting direct to a paper making
machine or for use separately from such machine. In the Figure the framing and
all other parts not necessary for the illustration of my Invention, are not shewn,
it being understood that all such parts may be of any suitable construction and
arrangement.
The machinery when combined as illustrated in the Drawing, Figure 1, consists
of colouring, drying, chalking (or preparing) and glazing apparatuses, but certain
of such apparatuses may in some cases be omitted, as will be hereinafter explained.
In the Figure A represents the web of paper, which may be either taken from
the roll or reel A¹ or drawn direct from the paper making machine; B is a trough
or cistern to contain the colours, which are mixed with water or other suitable
liquids in the usual way; C, C, are a pair of feeding rollers, between which the
paper is passed; D and E are two rollers placed at a suitable distance above the
colour in the trough, the paper or fabric to be coloured passing below them, and
being thereby kept tight. Below these rollers is placed one or more revolving
cylindrical brushes F, the lower part or parts of which dips or dip into the colour
in the trough, the upper part supplying the said colour to and spreading it upon
the under side of the paper A, or if preferred instead of cylindrical brushes flat
reciprocating or oscillating brushes may be employed. The paper A is then carried
under other rollers or under a plain smooth block G of wood, stone, metal, or other
suitable material. H is a revolving cylindrical brush similar to F (or a flat recipro-
cating or oscillating brush may be employed if preferred), for the purpose of
removing the superfluous colour from the surface of the paper, a
$5 doctor" or
scraper H being provided to remove the waste colour from the brush H, whence it
drops back into the colour trough; the paper A is then passed over any required
number of drying rollers or drums I, I, I, preferably (but not necessarily) arranged
in a curved or pyramidal form. These rollers or drums may be hollow and heated
by steam or otherwise in the usual way, or they may be heated by steam pipes J, J;
or if preferred the paper may be passed over rollers I, I, placed between two hot
plates or hot water or other heated tanks J, J', see Figure 2. The paper A then
passes round two rollers K, L, presenting its coloured side to a cylindrical brush M
revolving in a box or case containg French chalk, wax, soap, or other substances N
adapted to produce a smooth surface on the coloured paper. The brush M works
against the said coloured surface of the paper, removing the rough surface of the
colour and applying the said substance so as to smooth the surface and prepare it

page_text: for the subsequent glazing. The paper A then passes between two or more
rolls 0, 0, of metal, glass, paper, or other suitable material, which may act either
as feed rollers or as ordinary frictional glazing rolls; in the latter case the coloured
surface of the paper is partially glazed thereby. The paper then passes over a flat
or other suitably formed table P of stone, metal, hard wood, pressed paper, or other
hard and smooth material. It is then strained tight and drawn away by the
rollers QQ, and passed on to the printing or cutting machine, or again wound into
rolls or on reels; but while passing over the table P the coloured surface of the
paper is subjected to the glazing or burnishing action of a series of small stones,
agates, flints, pieces of glass, hard metal, or other sufficiently hard and smooth
anaterial R, R, caused to reciprocate backwards and forwards, whilst bearing with
the requisite pressure upon the said coloured surface.
This part of the process is known as flint glazing, and so far as I am aware has
heretofore been successfully accomplished by hand labour only.
Figure 3 is a plan and Figure 4 a sectional elevation of a simple arrangement for
carrying and actuating the aforesaid small stones, agates, flints, or other pieces of
hard material hereinafter called for shortness and distinction "agates." S represents
an arm, rod, or holder, into the slots or openings of which the said agates R, R, are
secured by cementing or otherwise. These agates may each be of the form and
dimensions usually employed in the hand process, and they may be spaced about
three inches, more or less, from centre to centre (but I do not confine myself to that
particular distance), and in sufficient number to extend across the width of paper
to be glazed, and their lower rounded working faces are to be set truly, so as to
bear evenly and with uniform pressure on the surface of the paper passing over the
table P. T is the end of a connecting rod which receiving a reciprocating motion
from an eccentric, crank, cam, or other suitable mechanical device imparts the
required to and fro motion in the direction of the arrows to the arm, rod, or
holder S; or the said to and fro motion of the arm, rod, or holder S may be effected
by other mechanical means, which may be adapted according to circumstances.
The extent of this motion should be somewhat in excess of the distance from centre
to centre of the agates R, R, in order to insure all parts of the surface of the paper
being acted upon by them, and for the same purpose the number of reciprocations
in a given time should be proportioned to the speed at which the paper passes over
the table P. The arm, rod, or holder S may be guided in a grooved bar or by other
suitable means, and may be caused to traverse at right angles across the direction
of motion of the paper or fabric, or more or less obliquely thereto, and the pressure
of the agates upon the surface may be regulated by weighting or otherwise pressing
down the arm, rod, or holder S, if it is not itself heavy enough; or if it be too
heavy, by relieving a portion of its weight by springs or counter balance weights as
may be required.
Figure 5 is a plan, Figure 6 a longitudinal section, and Figure 7 a transverse
section, all to enlarged scale as compared with that of Figure 1 of the glazing
apparatus shewn at R in that Figure. In this apparatus the arm, rod, or holder S
of Figures 3 and 4 is extended into a frame S adapted to carry a larger number of
agates placed in sets side by side. This frame S, which may be of cast iron or
gunmetal, for example, is formed with a series of openings V in which are fitted the
smaller frames W (which may also be of cast iron or gunmetal, for example)
adjustable vertically therein. These frames W are of a size adapted to receive any
convenient or suitable number of agates R, R, cemented say with shellac or plaster
of Paris, or otherwise secured therein with their lower or working faces adjusted
truly to correspond to the surface of the table P. The frames Ware preferably
arranged so that each set of agates shall be, say, three inches more or less distant
from each other, centre to centre, and the traverse of the main frame S and
consequently of the smaller frames W, W, with the agates R, R, in the direction of
the arrows will be as already described in reference to the arm or rod S, Figures 3
and 4, somewhat in excess of that distance. The frames W may be adjusted
vertically in the openings V of the frame S by such an arrangement, for example,

page_text: as that shewn in Figures 5, 6, and 7, in which X, X, are screwed pins or studs fixed
in the frame S passing through lugs Y cast on the ends of the frames W and
furnished with adjusting nuts Z. U are spiral springs bearing between the frame S
and the lugs Y of the frames W, and adapted to support more or less of the weight
of the latter; U' are other springs bearing between the lugs Y and the adjusting
nuts Z, for transmitting the pressure of the latter to the frames W, and thereby to
the agates R, R. By these means the pressure of the said agates on the surface of
the paper can be regulated to the greatest nicety. The frames S may be guided in
fixed slides Z, and made to reciprocate by means similar to those described
in reference to the arm, rod, or holder S, in Figures 3 and 4, and its speed of
reciprocation should be proportioned to that of the paper or other fabric passing
below it in a similar manner.
Instead of the agates being cemented or otherwise rigidly secured in the holders
or frames they may be fitted loosely therein, and each one adjusted separately by
nuts and springs taking on to screwed stems fixed to the agates and passing
through holes in the upper part of the holder or frame, as at S' in Figure 4.
In some cases a second glazing apparatus R¹ and table P', shewn in dotted lines,
Figure 1, may be arranged behind the first, to act still further upon the paper, or
any further number of glazing apparatuses may be added as required, and when it
is required to glaze both sides, as in the case of writing papers, the web of paper
may be passed under another table and an inverted glazing apparatus adapted to
act on the under side of the paper; or another glazing apparatus R² and table P
with suitable rollers may be arranged, as shewn in dotted lines, above or below
those shewn at R, the paper being so guided as to present its under unglazed sido
to the action of the glazing apparatus R².
When the glazed paper finally leaves the glazing apparatus it may be led direct
to the printing rolls, as for example, for paper hangings, or it may be led to the
cutting machine to be cut up into sheets and counted into quires or reams in the
ordinary way, or it may be rolled on to reels or folded in readiness to be subso-
quently printed, cut, or otherwise operated upon to suit the various purposes for
which it is applicable.
As hereinbefore stated the combined machinery consisting of the colouring,
drying, chalking (or preparing) and glazing apparatuses may be employed together,
as described, in connexion or not with the paper making machine. In some cases
the chalking (or preparing) apparatus may be omitted, and in cases where the
paper has been previously manufactured, coloured, dried, and prepared, and in the
case of writing papers the glazing apparatus would alone be employed, and in that
case the web of paper would be delivered direct thereto from the roll or reel.
The machinery and apparatus above described also applicable to the colouring,
drying, preparing and glazing, or glazing alone of other fabrics besides paper, such
as those of woven cotton and linen.
I ain aware that attempts have been made to effect flint glazing by machinery,
but to the best of my knowledge and belief the agates have in these cases been
caused to reciprocate the full width from side to side of the paper or fabric, the
result being the puckering and tearing thereof. By employing several rows or
series of agates one behind the other at comparatively short distances apart, and
causing them to an extent only somewhat in excess of such distances so that the
action of one set of agates shall slightly overlap that of the next, the aforesaid
puckering and tearing is obviated, by reason of each agate acting only upon a
comparatively narrow strip of paper instead of the full width. I am also aware
that the colouring, drying, and chalking (or preparing) apparatuses have before been
used, but I make no claim to them when employed alone, without the glazing or
burnishing apparatus herein before described.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention and the manner in which
the same is to or may be carried into effect, I would have it understood that I do
not confine myself to the precise arrangements, dimensions, and details described

page_text: and shewn in the Drawings, as they may be varied without departing from my said
Invention, but what I claim as my Invention is,—
Firstly. The general arrangement and combination of machinery consisting of
the colouring, drying, and glazing apparatuses, with or without the chalking or
preparing apparatus, operating together so as to colour, dry, and glaze the paper
or fabric in a continuous web, either as it comes from the paper making machine or
as supplied in rolls or reels previously manufactured, substantially as hereinbefore
described and illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 of the Drawings.
Secondly. The construction and use of glazing apparatus consisting of several
agates, flints, pieces of glass, or other sufficiently hard and smooth glazing material,
or series thereof, disposed behind one another across the width of the paper or
fabric to be glazed, and reciprocated backwards and forwards across the same in
such manner that the glazing action of each agate or other piece of glazing
material is confined to a portion only of the width of the surface to be glazed,
substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in Figures 3 to 7 of the
Drawings.
Thirdly. The arrangements of holders or frames for carrying the agates or other
pieces of glazing material, and of springs and nuts for adjusting the same in the
said holders or frames, substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in
Figures 3 to 7 of the Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Jeffs, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Sixth day of December, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy nine.
JAMES JEFFS. (L.S.)