IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR UNHAIRING, SCUDDING, FLESHING, SHAVING, WHITEING, STAKING, AND GROUNDING HIDES, SKINS, OR LEATHER
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Hall, of Leeds, in the County of York, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR UNHAIRING, SCUDDING,
FLESHING, SHAVING, WHITEING, STAKING, AND GROUNDING HIDES, SKINS, OR
LEATHER."
Sealed the 25th November 1879, and dated the 27th May 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Hall at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th May 1879.
JOSEPH HALL, of Leeds, in the County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY.
FOR UNHAIRING, SCUDDING, FLESHING, SHAVING, WHITEING, STAKING, AND
GROUNDING HIDES, SKINS, OR LEATHER."
The objects of these improvements are to prevent the tearing of the material
operated upon, and to effect a saving in time and labour.
According to my improvements I employ rotating discs or drums having applied
on the periphery thereof cutters, scrapers, or other tools suitable for the various
purposes to which these improvements may be applied.
First. To each rotating disc a radial reciprocating motion may be imparted. For
this purpose it is mounted in bearings on a radial arm or arms, such arm or arms
being carried on a suitable shaft. The reciprocating motion, which is adjustable
automatically or otherwise, is imparted by means of a crank, eccentric, or its
equivalent, and the required rotary motion is imparted simultaneously to the cutters
or tools from a pulley on the radial arm shaft. The beam is curved to suit the
radial movement of the disc, and is made adjustable.
Second. I impart a direct reciprocating motion, which is adjustable automatically
or otherwise, instead of a radial reciprocating motion, in combination with the
rotary motion of the disc. In this arrangement a straight bean, table, or cylinder
may be employed, the required rotary motion being imparted to the cutter or other
tool from an endless belt or sheet, motion being transmitted thereto through suit-
able driving pulley.
In order to reduce the traverse or reciprocating motion required more than one
disc or drum carrying the required tools may be employed on the same beam, table,
or cylinder, to all of which the required motions are imparted simultaneously.

page_text: Thirdly. Instead of the above arrangements I employ a large disc or wheel having
on its periphery carriages on which are mounted any required number of small discs
carrying the requisite tools. A continuous rotary motion is imparted to the large
disc, and also to the small discs; the beam in this case is made adjustable, and
curved to suit the rotary traverse of the small discs. In some cases instead of the
disc a cylinder is employed, having thereon a number of detached cutters or tools.
In all cases I prefer fitting the cutters or other tools into the discs or cylinders, so
that they may give slightly when any irregularity in thicknesss or form of the
material operated upon takes place.
Fourthly. In some cases I cause the beam or cylinder to revolve, carrying the
material which is secured thereto by any ordinary means with it.
In this arrange-
ment the disc or cylinders carrying the cutters or other tools are also made to
revolve, and brought in contact with the hide or skin by means of levers, weight,
or their equivalents.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Joseph Hall in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 27th November
1879.
JOSEPH HALL, of Leeds, in the County of York. IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR UNHAIRING, SCUDDING, FLESHING, SHAVING, WHITEING, STAKING, AND
GROUNDING HIDES, SKINS, OR LEATHER."
The object of these improvements are to prevent the tearing of the material
operated upon, and to effect a saving in time and labour.
According to my improvements I employ rotating discs or drums having applied
on the periphery thereof cutters, scrapers, or other tools suitable for the various
purposes to which these improvements may be applied.
First. To each rotating disc a radial reciprocating motion may be imparted. For
this purpose it is mounted in bearings on a radial arm or arms, such arm or arms
being carried on a suitable shaft. The reciprocating motion, which is adjustable
automatically or otherwise, is imparted by means of a crank, eccentric, or its
equivalent, and the required rotary motion is imparted simultaneously to the cutters
or tools from a pulley on the radial arm shaft. The beam is curved to suit the
radial movement of the disc, and is made adjustable.
Second. I impart a direct reciprocating motion, which is adjustable automatically
or otherwise, instead of a radial reciprocating motion in combination with the
rotary motion of the disc. In this arrangement a straight beam, table, or cylinder
may be employed, the required rotary motion being imparted to the cutter or other
tool from an endless belt or sheet, motion being transmitted thereto through suit-
able driving pulley.
In order to reduce the traverse or reciprocating motion required more than one
disc or drum carrying the required tools may be employed on the same beam, table,
or cylinder, to all of which the required motions are imparted simultaneously.
Thirdly. Instead of the above arrangements I employ a large disc or wheel having
on its periphery carriages on which are mounted any required number of small discs
carrying the requisite tools. A continuous rotary motion is imparted to the large
disc, and also to the small discs; the beam in this case is made adjustable and
curved to suit the rotary traverse of the small discs. In some cases instead of the

page_text: disc a cylinder is employed having thereon a number of detached cutters or tools.
In all cases I prefer fitting the cutters or other tools into the discs or cylinders, so
that they may give slightly when any irregularity in thickness or form of the
material operated upon takes place.
Fourthly. In some cases I cause the beam or cylinder to revolve, carrying the
material, which is secured thereto by any ordinary incans, with it. In this arrange-
ment the discs or cylinders carrying the cutters or tools are also made to revolve,
and brought in contact with the hide or skin by means of levers, weights, or their
equivalents.
And in order that my Invention may be more completely understood reference
is given to the accompanying two Sheets of Drawings, and to the letters and marks
thereon.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 is a part side elevation and section; Fig. 2, a plan looking at the top;
Fig. 3, an end elevation; Figs. 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 are details of cutters or scrapers;
Fig. 10 is a skeleton view of a modification; Figs. 11 and 12 are respectively a side
elevation and plan shewing applications of my arrangement of cutters having con-
tinuous circular motion.
a and bare discs, construction of which will be described hereafter; these are
mounted on radial arms c and d, carried by a shaft e ou the uprights or frame-
work f. A radial reciprocating motion is imparted to the arms c and d from the
cranks g and h on the shaft i, such motion being transmitted through connecting
rods j. The required rotary motion is imparted to the cutter or scraper discs a
and b from the crank shaft i through pulleys and l, and simultaneously with the
radial movement of the arms c and d; m are the rollers or brushes carried on
brackets n attached to and adjustable on the radial arms c and d. The beam o may
be of ordinary construction and arranged so as to be readily adjusted, and having a
lateral movement; this movement may be given either by hand or through gearing
2, actuated by driving shaft i. The beam o is mounted on a sliding part q fitted
on the bed plate r, and may be adjusted in the direction of the discs a and b by
means of the lever arrangement s. This machine may, be constructed single or
double acting. The presser plate t is employed for keeping down the material as
near as possible at the point at which the tools operate upon the hide or leather,
and when required this may be relieved from the surface of the material by ineans
of any suitable cam or tappit arrangement.
Fig. 10 shews a modified form of the above described improvements, in which 1
is a radial arm which is hung in suitable bearings 2 at its upper end, and carries at
the lower end the rotating disc 3. The required reciprocating motion is imparted to
the arm 1 from the crank shaft 4, and transmitted thereto through the connecting
rod 5; and in order to regulate the stroke of the radial arm 1 I provide a slot
hole 6 in it so as to be able to regulate the position of the connecting rod with
regard to it. Instead of this the well known apparatus for adjusting the "dummy
pole" may be applied to this arrangement for the purpose of regulating and
adjusting the stroke of the radial arm 1. The required rotary motion is imparted
to the disc 3 from driving pulley 7 on the crank shaft 4, motion being transmitted
through belt 8 passing over tension pulley 9 and guide pulleys 10. The beam 11 is
of a radial form, and may be moved backwards and forwards on wheels or any
ordinary manner.
Figs. 11 and 12 represent my arrangement of rotating cutters or tools applied to
fleshing machines and others having rotating wheels or discs for carrying and
working the cutters or tools. In this arrangement a is the wheel or rotating disc,
and shews one construction of my rotary cutters or tools b, mounted on brackets c,
these being secured to the rim d of the wheel or disc a. Motion is transmitted to
the tools or cutters b simultaneously through belt e or its equivalent from driving
pulley on shaft g, motion being given to this independent of the rotating
wheel a

page_text: Figs. 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 shew various arrangements of cutters and discs con-
structed in accordance with my Invention, the tools being fitted and attached to
the discs in such a manner as to give slightly when any irregularity in thickness or
form takes place.
In Figs. 4 and 5 1 is the disc, to the periphery 2 of which may be attached any
required number of brackets 3; on these are mounted the tools or cutters, 4 secured
thereto by means of the bolts 5. In order to allow of movement to the tools or
cutters 4, I provide slot holes 6 in the brackets through which the bolts 5 pass, the
spring 7 being employed to keep the tool or cutter up to its work, at the same
time allowing the tool or cutter 4 to give when any unevenness or irregularity
takes place.
Another modification of my compensating tool or cutter is shewn at Figs. 6 and 7.
In this arrangement 8 is the cutter or tool, which is made of a bowed or spring
form at 9; the lower end of the tool or cutter 8 is bolted to the disc 1.
I place
within the bowed or spring part 9 of the cutter 8 a block 10 of india rubber or
other elastic substance to assist in the compensating movement thereof, and in
order to check the outward movement of the cutter or tool 8 I provide the tie
bolt 11; the bracket 12 is employed for steadying the tool or cutter when in
operation.
Figs. 8 and 9 is a further modification of my compensating tool or cutter. In
this arrangement 13 is a ring of india rubber or other elastic medium; this is
stretched over projecting parts 14 on the disc 15. The tool or cutter 16 is secured
to the elastic medium 13 by means of the stud 17 and bracket 18. The stud 17
serves also as a check upon the outward movement of the tool or cutter 16.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and described with
the aid of Drawings how the same may be carried into practice, I would have it.
understood that I do not limit myself to the precise details or configuration of the
parts I have described and shewn, as the same may be varied or modified without
departing from the nature of my said Invention, but what I do claim and desire to
be secured to me by Letters Patent is,―
First. The arrangement, construction, and combination of the radial arms c and d
with the rotating compensating cutters or tools herein described, and parts connected
therewith, forming the machine shewn at Figs. 1, 2, and 3, substantially as and for
purposes herein set forth.
Second. The arrangement and application of machine shewn at Fig. 10 and
modifications of the same in combination with the rotary compensating cutters or
tools, substantially as herein described, and for purposes set forth.
Third. The arrangement, construction, and combination of the various parts
forming the rotary compensating cutters or tools, and mere modifications of the
same, substantially as shewn and described for Figs. 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9, and for
purposes herein set forth.
Fourth. The application of the herein before mentioned rotating compensating
cutters or tools to any machine having a straight, rotating, or diagonal motion,
either continuous or reciprocating, substantially as and for purposes herein set
forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Hall, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Twentysixth day of November, in the year of our Lord One