Improvements in or relating to Oil and Gas Engines.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Dec., 1898
Complete Specification Left. 27th Oct.. 1899-Accepted, 28th Feb., 1900
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION,
Improvements in or relating to Oil and Gas Engines.
We, HENRY NIELD BICKERTON and HENRY WENTWORTH BRADLEY, both of
Wellington Works, Ashton-under-Lyne, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention to be as follows:
The improvements relate to oil and gas engines, and have for object the
injection of gas or oil in the form of spray, or spray and vapour, or vapour, by
compressed air, at or about the time of combustion, whether against a heated
block or obstacle in the explosion chamber of the engine, or otherwise, in manner
to be hereinafter described
To accomplish this and to effect our improvements, we provide a chamber o
passage of cylindrical or other suitable internal formation in connection with
the main cylinder of the engine This cylindrical or other chamber or passage
18 in communication with the said main cylinder by inlet and outlet ports or
openings, and means may be provided for feeding the chamber or passage with
the requisite quantities of gas or oil at the desued periods In order to supply
the compressed au for the purpose of forcing the gas or oil from the chamber
01 passage refered to into the main cylinder or explosion chamber, we form
such main cylinder and its piston in such manner that when the latter is approach-
ing that part of its stroke at which explosion takes place, communication within
the main cylinder, between the outlet and inlet gas oi oil-chamber ports 19
cut off This may be effected by forming the main cylinder with an internal
partition having an aperture therein, into which may fit a projection upon the
end of the piston, thus enclosing an air space between the partition and the main
ody af the piston, communicating with the gas or oil chamber inlet, during the
1emainder of the stroke, or, in ieverse, the projection may be formed upon the
cylinder wall or end, and the recess within the piston end; or otherwise
For the purpose of effectively firing, the oil, in some cases, when sprayed, we
provide a block or obstacle, composed of suitable material, and suspended or
otherwise contained within the main ev linder or combustion chamber in communi-
cation with the oil chamber outlet This block is kept normally at a high tem-
perature In the case of an oil engine, the operation is as follows:-
At or before the time the inward stroke of the piston takes place, previous
to the explosion, a sufficient quantity of oil 19 diawn or other wise introduced
into the oil chamber, and as the piston approaches the end of the inward stroke
it cuts off communication, within the main cylinder, between the inlet and outlet
ports of the oil chamber, by the means already referred to, air having, by that
time. been drawn into the main cylinder in the ordinary or other manner. The
further motion of the piston displaces the air contained in the specially enclosed
portion described, and thus forces the oil in the chamber through its outlet and
into the main cylinder or explosion chamber in the form of spray or vapour
against the heated block aforesaid, or otherwise
Variations in detail may be made, such as the positions of the inlet and outlet

page_text: ports or openings in the gas or oil chamber relatively to the main cylinder, or
explosion chamber, the number of such inlets and outlets; and more than one gas
o oil chamber or passage may be provided to a cylinder, without departing from
the peculiar character of the invention
21
We, HENRY NIELD BICKERTON and HENRY WENTWORTH BRADLEY, both of
Wellington Works, Ashton-under-Lyne, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be par-
ticularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
The improvements relate to oil and gas engines, and have for object the
injection of gas on oil in the form of spray, or spray and vapour, or vapour, by
compressed air, at or about the time of combustion, whether against a heated
block or obstacle in the explosion chamber of the engine, or otherwise, in manner
to be hereinafter described
To accomplish this and to effect our improvements, we provide a chamber or
passage of cylindrical or other suitable internal formation in connection with
the main cylinder of the engine
This chamber is first heated, and then maintained hot, preferably by the
sufficient access of the explosion flame It 18 intended to serve as an oil, spray or
gas chamber, retaining a charge of combustible matter during the most of the
compression stroke.
In carrying our invention into effect according to one modification, this cylin-
dical or other chamber or passage is in communication with the said main
cylinder by inlet and outlet poits or openings, and means may be provided for
feeding the chamber or passage with the requisite quantities of gas or oil at the
desired periods In order to supply the compressed an for the purpose of forcing
the gas or oil from the chambei or passage referred to into the main cylinder
oi explosion chamber, we form such main cylinder and its piston in such manner
that when the latter is approaching that part of its sti oke at which explosion takes
place, communication within the main cylinder, between the oulet and inlet gas
or oil chamber ports 18 cut off
This may be effected by forming the main cylinder with an internal partition
having an aperture therein, into which may fit a projection upon the end of the
piston, thus enclosing an air space between the partition and the main body of
the piston, communicating with the gas or oil chamber inlet, during the remainder
of the stroke, or, in reverse, the projection may be formed upon the cylinder
wall or end, and the recess within the piston end, or otherwise
For the purpose of effectively fining the oil in some cases when vaporised or sprayed
we provide a block or obstacle, composed of suitable material, and suspended or
otherwise contained within the main evlinder or combustion chamber in communi-
cation with the oil chamber outlet This block is kept normally at a high tem-
perature Other known means of fixing the charge may be used. In the case of
an oil engine, the operation 18 as follows:-
At or before the time the inward stroke of the piston takes place, previous
to the explosion, a sufficient quantity of oil is drawn or otherwise introduced

page_text: into the oil chamber, and as the piston approaches the end of the inward stroke
it cuts off communication within the main cylinder, between the inlet and outlet
ports of the oil chamber, by the means already referred to, air having, by that
time, been drawn into the main cylinder in the ordinary or other manner. The
further motion of the piston displaces the air contained in the specially enclosed
portion described, and thus forces the oil in the chamber through its outlet and
into the cylinder or explosion chamber in the form of spray or vapour against the
heated block aforesaid, or otherwise
But that the improvements may be better understood, we will, with the aid of
the accompanying diawing, proceed more fully to describe means employed by us
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING
The diawing represents a sectional plan of such parts of the back end of an oil
01 gas engine cylinder as is requisite to illustrate the arrangement thereof when
made in accordance with our improvements
The same letters indicate corresponding parts wherever they occu
18 the main cylinder of the engine, in connection with which is the chamber
o passage, and means, not shown, are provided for feeding the same, through
the pipe 6, with the requisite quantities of gas or oil at the desued periods This
chamber or passage is in communication with the main cylinder by the inlet
port and with that part of the cylinder termed the explosion chamber by the
outlet port b
In order to supply the compressed an for the purpose of forcing the gas or oil
from the chamber or passage into the explosion chamber c, the cylinder 18
provided with an internal partition a', having an aperture therein, into which
fits a projection upon the end of the piston d, thus enclosing an air space e
between the partition and the main body of the piston as the piston approaches
the end of its stroke For the purpose of effectively hing oil, in some cases, when
vaporised or spraved, we provide a block or obstacle y of suitable material con-
tained within the explosion chamber cand in communication with the oil chamber
outlet b. The block 18 kept normally at a high temperature.
In the case of an oil engine the operation 18 as follows:-
At or before the time the inward stroke of the piston takes place, previous to the
explosion, a sufficient quantity of oil 18 introduced into the oil chamber b, and
as the piston d approaches the end of the inward stroke it cuts off communication,
within the main cylinder, between the inlet port and the outlet port 3 by the
projection on the piston entering the aperture in the partition a, air having,
by that time, been diawn into the cylinder and compressed in the ordinary or
other manner
The further motion of the piston displaces the air or gases contained in the
specially enclosed portion e, and thus forces the oil vapom or spray in the passage b
through its outlet 3, and into the exposion chamber c in the form of spray or vapour
against the heated block g, where it is fired
Variations in detail may be made, such as the positions of the inlet and outlet
ports or openings in the gas or oil chamber, relatively to the main cylinder or
explosion chamber, the number of such inlets and outlets, and more than one
gas oi oil chamber or passage may be provided to a cylinder, without departing
from the peculiar character of the invention.
The vaporising or gas chamber may also communicate with the cylinder com-
bustion space v means of an opening, and air under pressure may be supplied
by a pump to displace the vapour, spray or gas into the combustion space
It is to be distinctly understood that one of the leading objects of this inven-
tion is to provide a separate chamber for retaining liquid oil, spray, vapour or
gas, separate from air, until ignition 18 required, when the mixture is rapidly made
in the combustion chamber, under compression, and then fired. In this
premature and irregular ignitions are avoided and high compression pressures
are made possible in oil engines
way

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim 18-
1. In oil or gas engines; a separate vaporising or gas chamber, permanently open
to the combustion chamber, into which separate chamber the oil or gas is introduced
and allowed to iemain partly or wholly separated from the air charge during
compression; means of displacing the vapour or gas into the combustion chamber
at oi near the completion of compression, by an under pressure, to form combus-
tible mixture; and means of igniting when the mixture is formed, as herein set
forth.
In oil or gas engines, the forming of a local compression space between the
cylinder and piston by means of a projection upon the latter fitting into an
aperture in a partition in the former 01 ice versa-when approaching the end
of the stroke, whereby the charge of oil or vapour oi gas may be forced through a
passage leading from the confined space so formed to the rear of the piston for
the purpose of there or otherwise filing the same in manner substantially as
herein shown and described
3 In oil or gas engines, the forcing of oil vapour or gas, at or toward the end of
the compression stroke of the piston, into the explosion chamber of the cylinder,
for the purpose and in manner substantially as herein shown and described."
4. In combination with the foregoing, the employment of a heated block or
other obstacle in the explosion chamber at the real of the piston upon which the
oil vapour or gas may be sprayed, for the purpose and in manner substantially as
herein shown and described.
Dated this 26th day of October 1899.
WILLIAM GADD, C.E,
64, Barton Arcade, Manchester,
Agent for Applicant.