IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR TREATING OR FINISHING WOVEN FABRICS
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Walton Urquhart and Joseph Lindsay, both of
Dundee, in the County of Forfar, North Britain, Engineers, for the Inven-
tion of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR TREATING OR
FINISHING WOVEN FABRICS."
Sealed the 16th November 1877, and dated the 22nd May 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Walton Urquhart
and Joseph. Lindsay at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
22nd May 1877.
WILLIAM WALTON URQUHART and JOSEPH LINDSAY, both of Dundee, in the
County of Forfar, North Britain, Engineers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
OR APPARATUS FOR TREATING OR FINISHING WOVEN FABRICS."
This Invention relates to improved machinery or apparatus to be used in
combination with what is described in the Specification of Letters Patent granted
to, the present applicants, and dated 18 December 1872, (No. 3836), which may
also be advantageously used separately or in combination with other finishing.
machinery.
The object of a part of the present improvements is to put a glazing, smoothing,
or flattening finish on woven fabrics such as or better than what has heretofore been
done by separate calendering machinery prior to the fabrics being passed through
machinery of the kind described in the earlier Specification herein-before referred
to. And this part of the improvements consists, according to one modification, in
passing the fabric partly round two rollers, and between such rollers and concave
hollow castings or boxes, which are stationary, and are heated by steam, or by gas,
or by heated metal cores. The fabric is led so that one side is in contact with the
heated concave surface in passing round one roller, the other side being in contact
with a second heated surface when passing round the second roller. The stationary
heated surfaces may be curved concentrically with the rollers, or they may consist
in each case of one, two, or more flat or more or less curved surfaces, the effect being.
regulated by the pressure of the rollers towards the stationary heated surfaces,
whereby more or less rubbing or glazing action is obtainable.

page_text: .
The rollers may be heated instead of the stationary surfaces, or both may be
heated. The stationary surfaces may be formed on cast iron or other suitable metal
or material, and the rollers are, by preference, of cast iron or superficially of copper.
These rollers and stationary, rubbing surfaces can be easily combined with the
mangling or "chesting" machinery; and so that the fabrics when being entered into
the latter can be put through the glazing, smoothing, or flattening treatment at the
same operation. In general; it will be desirable to coat the rollers with canvas or
other suitable material.
In some cases a single roller with its stationary rubbing surface may be employed,
whilst in other cases there may be more than two rollers with rubbing surfaces.
The combination of one or more rollers and a stationary rubbing surface or
surfaces may be used for glazing, smoothing, or flattening purposes, in a separate
machine.
t
Another part of the present improvements has for its object to simplify the
gearing whereby reversed motions are obtained in the machinery described in the
earlier Specification herein-before referred to, or in other mangling machinery,
and in carrying it out the shaft of the pinion driving. the spur wheel of the
mangling roller has fixed on it an internally toothed spur wheel and an exter-
nally toothed one, whilst on a parallel shaft there are two pinions, one gearing
with each of the spur wheels. These pinions..are loose on their shaft, which is
driven, and they are each fixed to clutch discs, so that either can be put in
gear with the shaft by means of a movable clutch. With the described arrange-
ment the pinions give reversed motions by means of the clutch, whilst their shaft,
continues to rotate in one direction.
Another improvement consists in applying a roller outside of the fabric when
being beamed or wound on the mangling roller, such added roller being carried so
as to accomodate itself to the thickness of fabric on the mangling roller or beam,
and being driven so that its surface touching the fabric moves in the opposite
direction to the fabric. This arrangement insures that the fabric shall be beamed
or wound on tightly and smoothly, and is applicable to any calendering, mangling,
or finishing machinery.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said William Walton Urquhart and Joseph Lindsay in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 21st November 1877:
WILLIAM WALTON URQUHART and JOSEPH LINDSAY, both of Dundee, in thé
County of Forfar, North Britain, Engineers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
OR APPARATUS FOR TREATING OR FINISHING WOVEN FABRICS."
Our said Invention relates to improved machinery or apparatus to be used in
combination with what is described in the Specification of Letters Patent granted
to us, and dated 18 December 1872, (No. 3836), and which may also be advan-
tageously used separately or in combination with other finishing machinery.
The object of a part of our present improvements is to put a glazing, smoothing,
or flattening finish on woven fabrics, such finish being similar to or better than what
has heretofore been effected by separate calendering machinery prior to the passing
of the fabrics through machinery of the kind, or having the same purpose as that

page_text: described in our earlier Specification herein-before referred to. And this part of
our improvements consists in applying, as herein-after particularly described, certain
arrangements or modifications of heated rubbing surfaces to the fabrics, and such
arrangements or modifications are also advantageously applicable as separate
machines.
A second part of our present improvements consists in applying a roller, either
plain, or having spiral or helical edges, or a straight edge for rubbing or smoothing
the woven fabric when in the act of being beamed or wound on the mangling
roller.
A third part of our present improvements has for its objects to simplify the
gearing whereby reversed motions are obtained in the machinery described in our
earlier Specification herein-before referred to, or in other mangling or calendering
machinery.
And in order that our said Invention and the manner of performing the same
may be properly understood, we hereunto append two Sheets of explanatory Draw-
ings to be herein-after referred to in particularly describing our improvements.
In
these Drawings the same reference numerals are used to mark the same or like parts
wherever they are repeated.
Figure 1, on Sheet 1 of the accompanying Drawings, is a vertical section of a
modification of our mangling or "chesting" machinery, which has combined with:
it a modification of the glazing, smoothing, or flattening apparatus comprised in
our present Invention. At the entering side of the machine, which is towards the
right hand in the Figure, there are a series of transverse horizontal bars or rails 1,>
over and under which the woven fabric 2, shown by a peculiarly dotted line, is
first passed in order to remove creases. The fabric 2 then passes under and partly.
round a lower roller 3, and next partly round and over an upper roller 4, from
which last it proceeds to and is wound on the mangling roller 5, carried by the
revolving frame 6. Beneath the first roller 3. there is a hollow casting or box 7-
formed with an upper concave surface, between which and the roller 3 the fabric 2:
passes, and above the second roller there is a similar hollow casting or box 8
formed with an under concave surface, between which and the upper roller 4 the
fabric 2 passes, opposite sides of the fabric being in contact respectively with the
two concave surfaces 7, 8, The boxes 7, 8, are heated by means of steam or other
heated fluid or liquid passed through their interiors by means of pipes, or by gas, or:
by heated metal cores. The rollers 3, 4, are driven in suitable directions, and their
end journals are connected by links 9, so that pressure applied by means of levers 10:
to the upper box 8, and which compresses the fabric passing between it and the.
upper roller 4, is transmitted to the lower roller 3 to compress the fabric passing.
between the latter and the lower box 7. The rollers 3, 4, and boxes 7, 8, are fitted
(the former with the usual bearing blocks), to guide slots formed for them in the
framing. The heated surfaces 7, 8, may be curved concentrically with the rollers 3, 4,
as shown in Figure 1, or they may consist in each or either case of one, two, or
more flat, or more or less curved surfaces, the effect being regulated by the degree
of pressure applied by means of the levers 10, or otherwise, so as to obtain more or
less glazing or rubbing action.
The rollers 3, 4, may be heated instead of the stationary or non-rotating:
surfaces 7, 8, or both may be heated. The stationary or non-rotating surfaces 7, 8,
may be formed on cast iron or other suitable metal or material, and the rollers 3, 4,
are by preference of cast iron or superficially of copper. In general it will be'
desirable to coat the rollers 3, 4, with canvas or other suitable material.
In some cases a single roller, with its stationary or non-rotating rubbing surface.
may be employed, and in other cases there may be more than two rollers, with.
their respective rubbing surfaces, whilst heated rubbing surfaces may be used'
without rollers, or the heated rubbing surfaces may consist of rollers revolving
oppositely to the direction in which the fabric passes, or at a surface velocity:
different from that of the fabric.
Figure 2 is a partial vertical section showing a modification in which there are

page_text: substituted for the stationary or non-rotating heated rubbing surfaces (7, 8, Figure 1)
two hollow rollers 17, 18, which are heated by steam or otherwise. The fabric 2 is
passed between these heated rollers 17, 18, and ordinary rollers 3, 4, in such manner
that opposite sides of it are acted on respectively by the heated rollers 17, 18. The
ordinary rollers 3, 4, are driven so as to revolve with the fabric, whilst the heated
rollers 17, 18, may be driven by any convenient arrangement of toothed or frictional
gearing, or by ropes, belts, or bands, so as to have a surface motion in the same
direction as that of the fabric, but of a different velocity, or so as to have a motion
opposite to that of the fabric.
Figure 3 and 4 are a vertical section and front elevation of a part of a mangling
machine, and showing a modification in. which stationary convex surfaces 27, 28,
heated by steam or otherwise, are used, the rubbing or glazing action being obtained
by drawing the fabric 2 round or over the heated surfaces without the intervention
of rollers (3, 4, Figures 1, 2).
One mode of carrying out the second part of our present Invention is shown in
Figure 1, on Sheet 1 of the accompanying Drawings. In this arrangement a roller
12 is carried by its end journals by a pair of levers 13, fixed on a rocking shaft 14,
which is carried in bearings on the framing, and has also fixed on it one or more
weighted levers 15. By these means the roller 12 is made to press the fabric 2
against the mangling beam or roller 5, just as the fabric is being wound upon the
roller. This arrangement insures that the fabric shall be beamed or wound on
tightly and smoothly, and is advantageously applicable to any calendering, mangling,
or finishing machinery. As the fabric increases on the mangling roller 5, the pressing
roller 12 accomodates itself thereto through a slight angular movement of the
shaft 14.
In the modification shown in Figures 3 and 4, a metal bar 16, having a rounded
pressing edge, is substituted for the pressing roller 12 of the modification last
herein-before described. The bar or straight-edge 16 may be of wood or other
suitable material.
Figures 5 and 6, on Sheet 2 of the Drawings, are a sectional front elevation and
a side elevation of a part of a mangling machine, and showing a modification in
which there is substituted for the pressing roller 12 (Figure 1), a roller 19, armed
with helical or spiral ribs or edged pieces, which are inclined in reverse directions
from the middle of the roller's length towards its opposite ends. This roller 19 is
driven by spur gearing 20, indicated by dotted pitch circles in Figure 6, so as to
revolve oppositely to the mangling roller 5, and its action is to spread out and
smoothen the fabric 2 whilst pressing it tightly against the mangling roller 5, as
that roller winds it on.
Figure 7 shows part of a modification in which a plain roller 12, arranged, as
herein-before described, to press the fabric 2 when being wound on the mangling
roller 5, is driven by gearing 20, so as to revolve oppositely to the mangling roller 5.
The roller 12 may be of metal or other suitable material, and it may be covered
with cloth, leather, or the like.
<<
Figures 8 and 9, on Sheet 2 of the accompanying Drawings, show a mode of
carrying out the third part of our present Invention.; Figure 9 being a vertical
section of the improved reversing gearing, the component wheels of which are
indicated by dotted pitch circles in Figure 8. The reversing gearing is shown as
carried by framing 31, placed near the main framing 32, of the mangling or
chesting" machinery, the main spur wheel 33 of which has in gear with it a
pinion 34, fast on a shaft 35, carried in one bearing on a bracket 36, fixed to the
main framing 32, and in another bearing on the separate framing 31.
The pinion
shaft 35 has keyed on it an ordinary spur, or externally toothed wheel 37, and an
internally toothed wheel 38, and these two wheels 37, 38, are in gear with pinions
39, 40, formed with elongated boses 41, 42, carried loosely on the first-motion shaft
43, which is carried in bearings on the framing 31, and has fast on it a pulley 44 for.
receiving driving ropes (or the shaft 43 may be driven in any other convenient
way). On the bosses 41, 42, of the pinions 39, 40, there are fixed internally coned

page_text: frictional clutch wheels or discs 45, 46, and counterpart externally coned clutch
wheels or discs 47, 48, are mounted between the former on the shaft 43, being fitted
with a groove and feather to make them turn with that shaft, whilst they can be
shifted along it by means of a loose ring 49. This ring 40 is controlled by levers 50,
on a rocking shaft 51, having also fast on it a lever 52, the lower end of which is
slotted to receive the pin of a lever 53, on a lower rocking shaft 54, having a hand
lever (not shown) fixed on it in a convenient position, or being connected to auto-
matic reversing mechanism, such as is sometimes used with mangling or "chesting
machinery. The shaft 43, being turned continuously in one direction, imparts
opposite motions to the shaft 35, accordingly as one or other of the pinions 39, 40,
is put into gear by means of the clutch cones 47, 48, and in consequence of the
pinions being in gear respectively one with an externally toothed wheel 37, and the
other with an internally toothed wheel 38.
"
Having thus particularly described our said Invention, and the manner of per-
forming the saine, we have to state that what we believe to be novel and original
and claim as the Invention secured to us by the herein-before in part recited Letters
Patent is,-
1. The combination with mangling or "chesting" machinery of heated rubbing
surfaces to act on the woven fabric as it is being entered and immediately prior to
its being wound on the mangling roller, the parts being arranged or combined
together, and operating substantially in accordance with any of the modifications
herein-before described.
2. The use of stationary or non-rotating, flat or convex, heated surfaces, for
applying a rubbing or glazing action to woven fabrics by drawing the fabrics over
such surfaces, with or without rollers for pressing the fabrics on the surfaces,
as herein-before described.
3. The use of heated rollers revolving with a different surface velocity, or
oppositely to the woven fabric, for applying a glazing, flattening, or smoothing finish
by a rubbing action, as herein-before described.
4. The smoothing or tightening of a woven fabric when being wound upon a
mangling roller or beam by means of a roller or a straight edge, or a spirally-ribbed
roller, arranged to press the fabric against the mangling roller or beam, as herein-
before described.
5. The imparting of a reverse motion to the plain or spirally-ribbed roller used to
press the fabric against the mangling roller or beam during the winding-on opera-
tion, as herein-before described.
6. The combination of gearing, herein-before described, for obtaining reversed
motions in mangling or "chesting" machinery.
In witness whereof, we, the said William Walton Urquhart and Joseph Lindsay,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Seventeenth day of November, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.