IMPROVEMENTS IN THe Manufacture of, RAILWAY WHEELS, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR.
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Kennard Sax, of Pittston, Pennsylvania,
•
United States of America, now of No. 8, Southampton Buildings
London, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THe Manufacture of,
RAILWAY WHEELS, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR.'
"
Sealed the 21st March 1873, and dated the 24th September 1872.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said John Kennard Sax.
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition
and Declaration, on the 24th September 1872, pursuant to the
9th Section of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
KENNARD SAX, of Pittston, Pennsylvania, United States of America,
now of No. 8, Southampton Buildings, London, send greeting.
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF RAILWAY WHEELS, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR,”
and have petitioned Her Majesty to grant unto me, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, Her Royal Letters Patent for the same,
and have made solemn Declaration that I am the true and first
Inventor thereof.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Kennard Sax, do hereby
declare that the following Complete Specification, under my hand
and seal, fully describes and ascertains the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawing, in which 5
Figure 1 is a plan of a flask or mould employed in practising my said
Invention. Figure 2 is a side elevation of the same. Figure 3
is a central vertical section of the same, enclosing a wheel on the
line x, x, Figure 1. Figure 4 is a similar section on the line y, Y,
Figure 1.
This Invention relates to the making of a wheel with a body wholly
or mainly of cast iron, having a steel tire welded to the tread or
circumference, the union between the cast body and the steel tire
being effected in the mould in which the body of the wheel is cast.
1
The flask made use of is composed of three parts or sections, the 1
base a, the centre section b, and the cap c; a' indicates moulding
sand filling the section a, and c¹ the sand in the cap section; this cap
section has numerous radial arms c³ running from a central ring os
to the outer rim. The central section 6 rests upon the base a and
in turn supports the cap c, which has lugs c for that purpose. The 2
letter d indicates the cast-iron body of the wheel; e the core which
forms the central hole in the wheel, and f the steel tire; these leave
an open space A between the steel tire and the section 6 for a purpose
which will shortly appear. While the flask is being filled with sand
the section 6 is not made use of as the pattern fills out all the space 2
occupied in the Drawing by the wheel d, the tire f, the opening A,
and the section b, and the cap c rests directly on the pattern. The
interior surface of the centre section is lined or coated with a mixture
of sand and clay, or other suitable refractory material.
The wheel being moulded the pattern is taken out, the core is set 3
into its print, the steel tire which has been previously rolled, hammered,
or otherwise manipulated into its proper shape is set upon the
section b, and the cap c is then put in place, as shown in the
Drawing, partially clamping the upper edge of the tire. It is of course
understood that the sections are properly clamped together, and that a
proper channel ways for pouring the melted metal are provided.
The melted iron is now poured into the opening A, so as to nearly
fill the same, thus forming a ring of hot metal entirely around the

page_text: outside of the tire which will soon raise the tire to a welding heat.
The aforesaid refractory lining or coating of the interior surface of the
centre section prevents its being heated and expanded when the
metal is poured into the opening A; at this point the body of the
wheel is poured and welds firmly to the inside of the tire.
The ring of metal in the opening A will not unite with either the
tire or the flask, because it is chilled in meeting their cold' surfaces;
on account of the smallness of its mass as compared to the body of
the wheel, and because it was poured sometime before the body, it
will cool before the body does, and thus cooling will act as a compress
to keep both the tire and the body of the wheel from setting "out of
round," it holds the tire so firmly to the body of the wheel as to insure
the success of their weld, and partially upsets the tire upon the wheel,
so that the diameter of the wheel when cooled is a trifle less than the
original diameter of the tire.
Having thus fully described my said Invention and the manner of
performing the same, I wish it understood that I do not claim broadly
a wheel made by welding a cast-iron body to a steel band or tread,
but I claim, a mould for railway wheels provided with a compress for
holding and upsetting the steel tire while the body of the wheel is
cast against and welded to the inner surface of the tire, substantially
in the manner and for the purpose set forth.
Also the mould provided with the recess therein for receiving the
molten iron outside of the steel band, substantially in the manner
and for the purposes set forth.
In witness, whereof, I, the said John Kennard Sax, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of September
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
seventyten
0
Witness,
W. ROB. LAKE,
JOHN KENNARD SAX. (L.S.)