IMPROVEMENTS IN THE COMBINATION OF MATERIALS TO BE USED FOR LINING FURNACES, CONVERTERS, OR LIKE APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL, AND ALSO TO BE USED APART FROM THE LINING AS A MIXTURE IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL
Year: 1879

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LETTERS PATENT to William Crossley, of Greenscoe House, Dalton-in-Furness,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE COMBINATION OF MATERIALS TO
BE USED FOR LINING FURNACES, CONVERTERS, OR LIKE APPARATUS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL, AND ALSO TO BE USED APART FROM
THE LINING AS A MIXTURE IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL."
Sealed the 18th November 1879, and dated the 20th May 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Crossley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th May 1879.
WILLIAM CROSSLEY, of Greenscoe House, Dalton-in-Furness.
"IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE COMBINATION OF MATERIALS TO BE USED FOR LINING FURNACES, CON-
VERTERS, OR LIKE APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL, AND
ALSO TO BE USED APART FROM THE LINING AS A MIXTURE IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF IRON AND STEEL."
This Invention of improvements in the combination of materials to be used for
lining furnaces, converters, or like apparatus in the manufacture of iron and steel,
and also to be used apart from the lining as a mixture in the manufacture of iron
and steel relates, firstly, to the use of a basic lining made of lime, limestone,
magnesian limestone, or magnesian limestone lime, of one or the other, or mixtures
of the same, in combination with aluminate of soda, or aluminate of potash, or a
mixture of both.
The lining can be used in either the Siemens, Martin, or other furnaces in which
iron is smelted and acted upon for the production of steel or ingot iron, or in
Bessemer converters, and may be put in and ramined to the shape of the furnace, or
it may be moulded and burnt into bricks.
The Invention relates, secondly, to the use of a basic mixture of lime and oxide
of iron, in combination with aluminate of soda, or aluminate of potash, or a mixture
of both. The object of these mixtures being to absorb and retain the phosphorus
in the iron or iron ores, and the use of alumina in combination with soda or potash,
enables me with advantage to fix or rather retain the soda or potash, so that it has
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page_text: time to assist in dephosphorizing the iron, and which may at the same time reduce
the quantity of slag compared to that produced by some other processes. It will
also make the process of manufacturing iron or steel more readily workable than
where lime and oxide of iron are used, either alone or in association with manganese,
and in many ways facilitate the operations.
In some cases, besides using the combination in the lining, and in cases where
other kinds of lining are used, I introduce the mixture of aluminate of soda, or
aluminate of potash, or mixtures of both into the charges of ore or metal, or charges
of ore and metal, or charges of ore and flux, or ore, metal, and flux.
One of the great advantages of this my Invention is that I can dispense with
the introduction of silica entirely, excepting so far as it may be an impurity in the
limestone, magnesian limestone, or other material used, the cementing material
being aluminate of soda, or aluminate of potash, or a mixture of the two.
The proportions of aluminate of soda, or aluminate of potash, or mixtures of both
which I prefer to use vary from 5 per cent. to 20 per cent. of the mass of lining or
of the dephosphorising mixture used apart from the lining according to the com-
position of the other materials used in such lining or mixture, and varying in the
mixture used for dephosphorising, also according to the variation in the composition
of the iron used.