I̧- PROVEMENTS IN APPARATIIS NORD TM mon MANOR OF
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Bowden, of Saint Mary's Road, Canonbury,
in the County of Middlesex, Accountant, for the Invention of “I¸-
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATIIS NORD ™ mon MANOR OF SYM 35
Scaled the 1st August 1873, and dated the 3rd February 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Bowden at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd February 1873.
I, JAMES BOWDEN, of Saint Mary's Road, Canonbury, in the County of
Middlesex, Accountant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SALT," to
be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to economize the consumption of fuel,
and prevent or very considerably lessen the loss of the heat therefrom
which generally takes place by the methods at present employed for
heating and evaporating the brine in the manufacture of salt; and the
improvements which constitute this Invention consist in the method of

page_text: arranging and disposing the flues through which the heat passes from
the fires under the pan containing the brine as follows:-Instead of the
said flues passing direct from the fires to the chimney as heretofore
commonly practised, I propose to arrange the flues in a zig-zag winding
or circuitous direction so as to present a longer run or larger surface of
the flues for the passage of heat under the pan, in order that the heat
may for the most part be utilized instead of much of it being lost by
passing into the chimney as is now the case.
A further improvement consists in attaching to the sides and ends of
salt pans some substance or material which is a non-conductor of heat,
for example sawdust, matting, or felt, which may be enclosed in a jacket
surrounding the pan, the object of this arrangement being to prevent or
considerably lessen the loss of heat by radiation thereof from the hot
brine. I also propose to place over the pan a cover or roof, which cover
should be adjusted at such a distance above the pan as to allow the
steam to escape either at the sides and ends of the said cover, or through
suitable openings made in the cover; the said cover to be made movable
either wholly or in part so as not to interfere with the drawing or
removal of the salt from the pan. The use of the said cover is to
protect the pan from the rain, and also to lessen the escape of licat from
the brine in the pan, and shelter it from the cold air.
A further improvement consists in the formation of a brine tank
immediately above the salt pan, through which the flues in a series of
Lubes or passages shall pass either perpendicularly, longitudinally, or
winding, which tubes or passages coming immediately in contact with
the brine contained in the tank will thus impart to it its heat, and thus
increase the temperature of the brine; the brine of the tank to be fed
and discharged into the salt pan by pipes worked with or without the
ordinary ball cocks.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Third day of February, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the
thirty-sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said James Bowden, Her special licence
that I, the said James Bowden, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said James Bowden, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, usc, excrcise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS USED IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF SALT," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
James Bowden, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and scals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Scal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Bowden, do hereby declaro
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, that is to say :-
The object of this Invention is to economize the consumption of fuel,
and prevent or very considerably lessen the loss of the heat therefrom
which generally takes place by the methods at present employed for
heating and evaporating the brine in the manufacture of salt; and the
improvements which constitute this Invention consist in the method of
arranging and disposing the flucs through which the heat passes from
the fires under the pan containing tlıc brine as follows:-Instead of the
said flues passing direct from the fires to the chimneys as beretoforc
commonly practised, I propose to arrange the flucs in a zig-zag winding
or circuitous direction so as to present a longer run or larger surface of
the flues for the passage of heat under the pan, in order that the licat
may for the most part bc utilized instead of much of it being lost by
passing into the chimney as is now the case.
A further improvement consists in attaching to the sides and ends of
salt nans some substance or material which is a non-conductor of heat,

page_text: for example sawdust, matting, or felt, which may be enclosed in a jacket
surrounding the pan; the object of this arrangement being to prevent
or considerably lessen the loss of heat by radiation thereof from the hot
brine. I also propose to place over the pan a cover or roof, which cover
should be adjusted at such a distance above the pan as to allow the
steam to escape either at the sides and ends of tho said cover, or through
suitable openings made in the cover, the said cover to be made movable
either wholly or in part so as not to interfere with the drawing or
removal of the salt from the pan. The use of the said cover is to protect
the pan from the rain, and also to lessen the escape of heat from the
brine in the pan and shelter it from the cold air.
A further improvement consists in the formation of a brino tank
immediately above the salt pan, through which the flues in a series of
tubes or passages shall pass either perpendicularly, longitudinally, or
winding, which tubes or passages coming immediately in contact with
the brine contained in the tank will thus impart to it its heat, and thus
increase the temperature of the brine; the brine of the tank to be fed
and discharged into the salt pan by pipes worked with or without the
ordinary ball cocks.
And in order to explain my said Invention more fully, I now proceed
to describe the best means I am acquainted with for carrying the same
into practical effect, reference being had to the illustrative Sheet of
Drawings accompanying these Presents, and to the numeral figures and
letters of reference marked thereon as follows:-
:―
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1 represents a side clovation of a salt pan with my improve-
ments applied thereto; Figure 2, a front elevation of Figure 1;
Figure 3, a sectional plan view on the lines A, B, and C, D, at Figures 1
and 2, showing the fire-grates and manner of arranging the flues leading
therefrom to the chimney. Figure 4 is a modification of the arrange- a
ment shewn at Figure 3. At each of the above-mentioned Figures
similar letters of reference are employed to denote corresponding parts.
A, A, marks brickwork for carrying the pan B which is of the ordinary
kind, except that for the purposes of my said Invention I surround
and cover it at its sides and ends with any substance or material which 3
is a good non-conductor of heat as before stated. C, C, C, aro fire.

page_text: grates, and D are flues leading thorofrom, the heat, smoke, and gases
passing along them in the direction denoted by the arrow's flight into the
chimney at a. E, marks a cover or roof of sheet metal or other suitable
material placed over the pan B, and so adjusted thereto as to allow tho
steam from the brine to escape as before stated; G is a sheet metal
brine tank for feeding the pan with brino from time to time. By means
of the above tank the brine becomes heated before it enters the pan, and
further, by arranging the flues in the manner above described and
represented, and applying a cover to the pan, economy in fuel is effected,
and as near as may be all the heat from the fires is utilized instead of
such heat being dissipated and lost as is now the case in manufacturing
salt in open pans as commonly practised.
Having now described the nature and object of my said Invention for
"Improvements in Apparatus used in the Manufacture of Salt," and
the means by which it may be effected, I would remark in conclusion
that I hereby declare my Invention to consist in, and I claim, manu-
facturing salt in closed or covered pans in combination with a brine
tank, and flues arranged as above described and represented, also sur-
rounding the sides and ends of salt pans with any substance which is is
a non-conductor of heat as above stated.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Bowden, have hereunto set
my hand and scal, this Second day of August, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three.