matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVE- MENTS IN GOVERNORS for STEAM AND OTHER ENGINES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Watson Smith at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 11th March 1876.
WATSON SMITH, of Sutton, near Crosshills, in the County of York. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN GOVERNORS for STEAM AND OTHER ENGINES."
The object of this Invention is to provide such mechanical arrangements as to
form governors, so that the engine whether steam, wind, water, or other power, to
which such governors are applicable, will only want well starting, turning all the
steam on and leaving to itself until time to stop, as it will keep it at one speed how
much or how little weight you have on.
Means whereby the Invention may be effectuated are mainly as follows:-My
governor, which is in many respects like other governors, differs in the after-
mentioned particulars. It has an upright shaft or spindle, on which is fixed a coil
spring, and on this upright shaft, and operating with the coil spring, are two
wheels which run up and down the coil, being attached to a suitable frame which
encircles the coil working freely on pins. The wheels being on the inclined coil will
provide the motive power of the governor, and the coil should be of such an incline
that when the governors are working without the throttle valve they will swing
about the centre of the pendulum limits, so that when the power is needed to work
the valve it is taken from the governor at a certain point, which will cause the
governor balls to spread a little less or more without altering speed, the laws of
gravity counterbalancing same. The said wheels running on the coil must run
freely, one on each side of the shaft or spindle; this governor I consider will
just as it gains speed on time, cut off the power, and as it looses on time it will be
turned on. At a given point the wheels can be stopped from running off the coil when
the steam or power is all on, so that when there is not sufficient power the engine will
run on with what there is, and the governor balls will hang down. A rod may be
fixed to the upper part to regulate the steam or other power, and the lower part
may be used to regulate the speed required by putting weight on, at which parts
the governor balls will go faster. As the machinery runs faster than the governor
balls, the governors will force up the coil, and thus turn off the steam.
Sometimes I adopt the following modifications of the above arrangements:-The

page_text: wheel and the governor balls are movable round the upright shaft and fixed
together, a weight being provided which slides up and down a rod. A rod with
teeth being fixed to the weight drives two toothed wheels, which drive the wheel to
which the governor balls are attached by their rods. In this case the governors do
not run up and down, and the regulating power will have to be taken from the
rise and fall of the weight.
A NEW OR IMPROVED COMBINED APPARATUS TO BE USED BY CHEMISTS, DRUGGISTS, AND OTHERS FOR DISPENSING PURPOSES
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Cockshott, of the City of Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, Pharinaceutical Chemist, for the Invention of " A NEW OR
IMPROVED COMBINED APPARATUS TO BE USED BY CHEMISTS, DRUGGISTS, AND
OTHERS FOR DISPENSING PURPOSES."
ealed the 26th January 1877, and dated the 31st July 1876.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Joseph Cockshott at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st July 1876.
JOSEPH COCKSHOTT, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Pharmaceutical Chemist. "A NEW OR IMPROVED COMBINED APPARATUS TO BE
USED BY CHEMISTS, DRUGGISTS, AND OTHERS FOR DISPENSING PURPOSES."
This Invention consists in combining or joining by means of casting, screwing, or
bolting together a number of articles used by chemists and druggists, surgeons,
apothecaries, and others, the articles being a cork press, label damper, gum cistern,
and brush holder, ink bottle holder, sealing wax holder, pen holder, and an apparatus
for measuring and regulating the length of papers containing powders and othor
substances, and so formed as to afford a ready means of folding the same, generally
called a powder folder.
This Invention will be readily understood by referring to the Figures and letters
on the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, in which Fig. 1 is a side elevation, and
Fig. 2 a plan of the combined dispensing apparatus; and Fig. 3, a front view of the
powder folder detached.
In Figs. 1 and 2 a represents the label damper; b, the cork presser; c, the ink
bottle holder; d, the pen holder; e, the sealing wax holder; f, the gum cistern and
brush holder; and g, the powder folder, which is fastened by screws or other means
to the end of the label damper. The top part of this powder folder is moveable, so
as to be readily adjusted to the different lengths of powder papers required, the
moveable slide being held firm in its required position by a thumbscrew or nut, as
shewn at h, Figs. 2 and 3. This adjustable powder folder may also be used separately
as well as in combination with the other articles shewn and described.
Having now described the nature and particulars of my said Invention I desire

page_text: it to be understood that I do not confine myself to the precise arrangement or con-
struction of the various parts of the different articles herein-before described and
shewn, as such may be varied or modified, but what I claim is,―
1. The general arrangement and combination of a number of useful articles
suitable for the use of chemists and druggists, surgeons, apothecaries, and others, as
heroin described.
2. The improved powder folder, with its adjustable top, whether such powder
folder be used in combination with the other articles or separately.
In witness whereof; I, the said Joseph Cockshott, have hereto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.
JOSEPH COCKSHOTT. (L.S.)
PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ROOFS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Curzon, George Gordon Page,
and Charles Powis at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th
January 1876.
HENRY CURZON, of 61, Lincoln's Inn Fields, Architect, GEORGE GORDON PAGE,
of 4, Great James St., Bedford Row, Civil Engineer, and CHARLES POWIS, of 60,
Gracechurch Street, Mechanical Engineer, all in the County of Middlesex.
PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ROOFS."
"IM-
Our Invention consists in the construction of roofs for skating rinks, riding
schools, swimming baths, railway stations, and other buildings or erections requiring
to be partially open or uncovered and partially covered.
In applying our said Invention to these objects we construct the principals of the
said roofs as cantilevers, the overhanging ends of which are suspended to elevated
or elongated masts, columns, frames, walls, or other uprights, by means of ropes
(wire, hempen, or of other material) or chains, rods, bands, rigging, or other
suspenders, the said ropes, chains, rods, bands, rigging, or other suspenders being
external, & superior to the covering of the roof.
The above Invention may be further exemplified by comparing the principals of
the roof so constructed to the bow-sprit of a ship, and the rigging usually adopted
for the same.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON- STRUCTION OF WHEEL OR ROLLER SKATES."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sidney Orville Brown at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th January 1876.
SIDNEY ORVILLE BROWN, of San Francisco, California, United States of America,
now of No. 8, Southampton Buildings, London. IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON-
STRUCTION OF WHEEL OR ROLLER SKATES."
This Invention relates to that form of skate designed for use upon a board floor
or asphalte or other suitable surface, and consists in the following construction and
arrangement of parts, that is to say:Two wheels or rollers are placed in line
under the centre of and secured to the foot plate or stock in such manner as to
receive nearly equally the weight of the operator.
Either of the wheels, preferably the forward one, has its periphery formed of
segments, which allow the wheel to be changed from the ordinary cylindrical form,
and made to assume the form of the frustum of a cone when the pressure upon the
ends of the segments becomes unequal; the end receiving the greater pressure
forming the lesser end of the cone, thus enabling the skater to describe curvilinear
movements with the greatest facility. The other wheel is adjusted to allow the
ends of the axle to move in a vertical plane; this device being for the purpose of
keeping the surface of the wheel evenly upon the floor. The periphery of the
wheels may be composed of rubber, leather, or some similar material, in the form of
a disc or tire properly secured.
For the use of expert skaters the wheel first described may be placed under the
centre of the foot plate, the other wheel being dispensed with, thus enabling the
skater to perform any gyration with much greater ease than if the wheel were
solid.
By having one of the wheels so constructed as to allow its periphery to change
from the ordinary cylindrical form to that of a conical form, the larger and smaller
diameters are reversible at will, thus securing to the skater the advantage of being
able to describe circular or curvilinear figures without unduly exerting the muscles
of the foot and ankles.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Garrett Tongue at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th January 1876. A communication
from abroad by Pierre Duchamp, fils, of Paris, France.
JOHN GARRETT TONGUE, of the Firm of Tongue and Birkbeck, Patent Agents and
Engineers, of 34, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS." A communication to me from abroad by
Pierre Duchamp, fils, of Paris, France.
This Invention relates to improvements in the construction and arrangement of
lamps for burning essential oils, spirits, or other fluids.
This lamp is composed of a recipient of any kind of material or form in order to
contain nineral or any other essential oil, or any other kind of inflammable liquid.
A disc having two openings is soldered, screwed, or otherwise attached to the top of
the reservoir; the central opening is for the wick tube to be screwed into, and the
other opening at the side of the central one is for introducing the essential or
mineral oil or liquid. At the lower part of the wick tube a disc is fixed having a
similar opening to the disc above mentioned for the introduction of the essential oil
or spirit. The two discs are uniform, being placed one above the other, and in order
to fill the reservoir it only requires the two openings to coincide.
In order to close the opening it is only necessary to move the top disc so that
the two openings may not face each other, and as the surfaces of the discs are
perfectly true, they form a kind of joint which prevents any leakage or loss of the
burning fluid or gas. This simple method of closing dispenses with the use of a
stopper, as well as the unscrewing of the burner, and allows essential oil or
spirit to be introduced without the slightest danger whatever whilst the lamp is
alight.
On the tube which holds the wick a gallery formed with holes or openings is
fixed in order to allow the air to pass freely through, and thereby increase the
flame. This gallery carries a regulating tube which surrounds the wick tube, and
also a jointed cap. The cap being hinged to the gallery can be raised so as to
expose the flame."
The raising or lowering of the cap is obtained by lowering the
gallery by means of a rod screwed on the wick tube, and fastened to the cap by a
small link or lever raising or lowering the said cap.
The regulating tube surrounding the wick tube is employed to raise or lower the
wick to regulate the flame. The gallery, the cap, and the regulating tube press or
bear on the rod above mentioned, which being fixed to a screw will act by turning

page_text: to raise or lower the regulating tube, and thereby regulate the required length of
the wick. By these means the use of a key or pinion is dispensed with for raising
the wick, which in other lamps require openings in the tube through which the
liquid and gas escape.
The object of the tube and cap, according to their position, is to augment or 5
diminish the burning of the wick, so that when the lamp is not in use there is only
a small flame, and consequently little waste in the essential oil or burning liquid.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RINK OR ROLLER SKATES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Griffith Brewer at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th July 1876. A communication
from abroad by Jean Baptiste Admant and Auguste Durand, both of Paris,
France.
EDWARD GRIFFITH BREWER, of Chancery Lane, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
RINK OR ROLLER SKATES." A communication from abroad by Jean Baptiste
Admant and Auguste Durand, both of Paris, France.
This Invention is essentially based upon the application to the hinder part of
roller or rink skates of a sort of spur made of some flexible material, and forming
a brake to act on the floors or rink surface, the front part of the skate being slightly
raised when the brake is applied. It will be understood that owing to the friction
which is thereby produced on the skating surface that the forward movement of
the operator is arrested and backward falling is prevented. This spur or brake
is capable of being applied to all kinds of roller skates, with two, three, or four
rollers, and may be made of any convenient form for the purpose required.
The Invention consists essentially of a block made of some flexible material, such
as caoutchouc, leather, cork, applied to a metallic support, which secures it by
means of a screw or screws, or in any other convenient manner, to the back part
of the skate. This block is placed at a short distance (say, an eighth or a quarter of
an inch) from the ground, and does not interfere in any way with the rotation
of the rollers of the skate, but when by any cause whatever the front part of the
skate is raised the block comes against the ground and by friction thereon offers
an immediate resistance to the progressive movement of the operator, whereby the
body is brought or jirked forward by the speed acquired; the block also rises and
the skate itself comes into its normal position, any danger of falling backwards
being thereby prevented. The block should be by preference of symmetrical form,
which allows it to turn a certain distance round its axis when worn or deteriorated
at that part coming against the floor.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER OR RINK SKATES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Conway at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 14th March 1876.
GEORGE CONWAY, of The Wanderers' Club, Pall Mall, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER OR RINK SKATES."
This Invention consists in the employment of three wheels or rollers, each having
a central flange or rim, such wheels or rollers being placed in a straight line in
the direction of the length of the skate, and mounted in rigid bearings or supports
secured to the under portion of the footboard. The centre or middle wheel or
roller is of slightly larger diameter, but of less breadth than the other two wheels,
by which full power is given to the skater to turn in any direction by simply
canting or tilting the footboard on either the front and centre wheel or roller, or
on the back and centre wheel or roller of the skate.
The wheels or rollers may be made of wood, india-rubber, ebonite, or vulcanite.
The flanges or rims instead of being cut on the wheels or rollers may be screwed
or otherwise affixed thereto, and they may be formed of india-rubber or other
suitable material.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LAWN MOWERS OR MACHINES FOR CUTTING GRASS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Hartley and Zaccheus Sugden
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th January 1876.
JOHN HARTLEY and ZACCHEUS SUGDEN, Welded Boiler Makers, of the Atlas and
Premier Works, Halifax, in the County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAWN
MOWERS OR MACHINES FOR CUTTING GRASS."
Our improvements consist,―
Firstly. In the employment of clutch boxes fitted on the intermediate shaft of
the machine, enabling the immediate throwing out of gear of the cutters, protecting
the cutters from stones or other injurious obstructions, or to allow the revolving.
cutters to remain stationary when the machine is being moved in the act of
removal from one part of the lawn or garden to another. The clutch box made to
slide on the intermediate shaft is actuated by a fork fitted or formed on the end of
a lever; this lever is fitted on a bracket fixed to the side frame of the machine, and
is made with a handle projecting in front of the machine and near the hand of
the operator, enabling him at once to throw in or out of gear the clutch boxes.
Secondly. In an improved arrangement of the regulating rollers, which consists
in having brackets cast on the side frames on which are formed lugs, and through
which are driven screws having lock nuts fitted to them. The bottom ends of the
screws are made square, and fit in sockets formed on the bearings in which works
the shaft of the regulating rollers. By setting the lock nuts the regulating rollers
are lifted or lowered, regulating the height of the cut, thereby enabling the machine
to cut close and even.
Thirdly. In an improved cut grass collecting box made with a movable bottom
and back, allowing the collected grass to be thrown on the ground without moving
the machine underneath the collecting box bottom, and on the side frame are fitted
sockets through which is passed a bolt forming the fulcrum of the movable box. On
the back is fixed a projecting piece which forces open the end of the box when the
collecting box is tilted, which allows the cut grass to fall to the ground; the tilting
of the collecting box bottom and back is actuated by gear formed of a kind of
parallel motion fitted at the back of the box, this parallel motion is worked by a
shaft fitted on the top of the machine which is actuated by a handle in proximity to
the operator; by turning the handle the parallel motion tilts up the bottom and
back, forces open the end, and throws out the cut grass on to the ground.
Price 11

page_text: Fourthly. In an improved arrangement for regulating the tension of the chains,
and preventing the chains working off the teeth of the chain wheels. The pedestals
of the chain wheel's shaft are formed with bosses, and bosses are also formed on the
regulating quadrants; through the bosses are driven set screws, and by screwing up
the set screws the required tension is given to the chains, preventing the chains
working slack, as heretofore has been the case.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SIGNALLING ON RAILWAYS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Hargreaves Bailey at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents ou the 6th May 1876.
JOSEPH HARGREAVES BAILEY, of Barnsley, in the County of York, Clothier.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SIGNALLING ON RAILWAYS."
My Invention has for its object more particularly the provision of more efficient
means whereby in the event of the ordinary sight signals escaping the observation
of the driver or guard of a railway train, either by reason of the prevalence of fog
or from any other cause, his attention shall be called thereto by the sounding of
an audible signal or alarm, and it consists in the application to the engine or
tender, or the guard's van, or both, of peculiar sounding apparatus with suitable
projecting bars or levers in combination with appliances erected at the side of
the line, and which appliances are capable of being controlled both conjointly with
and independently of the ordinary sight signals, so as to act upon the project-
ing bars or levers of a passing train and sound the alarm, thereby notifying
to the driver or guard the proximity of a danger signal and enabling him to
act accordingly.
The audible signalling apparatus consists of a tube or receptacle in which a pin
cartridge is inserted, and of a hammer pivotted to a suitable support and connected
by a wire or otherwise with a bell crank lever mounted on a centre in the framing
of the engine or tender, or the brake van, or both, so as to be within the range of
the appliances erected at the side of the line as before mentioned. These appliances
consist of posts or other suitable supports cach carrying a lever arm which is
mounted on a vertical axis and connected with the ordinary signal actuating gear
so as to be turned simultaneously with the setting of the signal at danger into such
a position that it shall come in contact with the bell crank lover before mentioned
of a passing train and thereby lift the hammer, which shall immediately descend
again under the action of a spring and explode the cartridge. I also propose to
employ throughout the whole extent of the line a series of posts or supports
carrying lover arins similar to those herein-before described, and connected together
by wires or otherwise in such a manner that in the case of an emergency, such, for
[Price 2d1

page_text: example, as the occurrence of a collision, the guard or other person may, by operating
one of a series of levers (which I propose to place along the line, say one at every
1,000 yards), bring the lever arms into the required position to act upon the bell
crank levera of a following train, and by sounding the alarm cause the driver to
stop the train.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY APPLIANCES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Chandler and Josiah Chandler
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st March 1876.
SAMUEL CHANDLER, junior, and JOSIAH CHANDLER, of 26, York Street, London
Road, Southwark, in the County of Surrey. "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY
APPLIANCES."
This Invention has for its object improved means or appliances for the further
prevention of accidents on railways, and consists in the use of a third or centre
rail made continuous with those already used.
This rail we propose fixing to the sleepers by means of chairs or supports, or the
rail itself may be constructed in such a manner as to be fixed to the aforesaid
sleepers.
We prefer that this centre rail or line should stand higher or above the level of
the present lines, so as to be between a deep grooved wheel which is placed upon
the axle of the present plant, thus forming three wheels on each axle, that is to say,
two to run on the metals, and the centre one acting simply as a safeguard against
the trains running off the lines.
It is to be understood that this grooved wheel and centre line are not intended
to touch each other unless the train swerves, in which case the course of the train
is at once righted.
The Invention further consists of utilising the centre rail for stopping trains by
means of breaks to clip the rail in question, such as may be worked by the guard
in van by turning a wheel which will operate upon the break.
We do not confine ourselves to the means here described for guidance, as instead
of the grooved wheel and centre line we may employ other safeguard apparatus,
such as forked guides fixed centrally to the carriages coming on either side of the
center rail, but which shall in any case act centrally between the present rails solely
for the purposes herein described.
AN IMPROVED CONNECTING AND DISCONNECTING DEVICE FOR THE DRIVING WHEELS OF SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Craig at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 25th August 1876.
JOHN CRAIG, of Ipswich, in the County of Suffolk, Engineer. "AN IMPROVED
CONNECTING AND DISCONNECTING DEVICE FOR THE DRIVING WHEELS OF SEWING
MACHINES."
My Invention relates to an improved device for effecting the connection and
disconnection of the driving wheel and gear wheel of a sewing machine. This
improved device affords the means whereby the said wheels are automatically
connected with each other when the driving wheel is turned in the proper direction
for working the machine, and are disconnected when the said wheel is turned in the
opposite direction.
The object of the said Invention is to provide cheap and simple means for
allowing the said driving wheel to be readily coupled with the gear wheel to drive
the machine, and readily uncoupled therefrom to permit the said driving wheel to
operate the bobbin winder without driving the machine.
The said Invention is carried into practise as follows, that is to say:-On the
face of the boss or hub of the gear wheel I form one, two, or more shoulders or
projections, and spiral inclines extending from one to the other of the said pro-
jections, and forming notches or recesses in the said face. The driving wheel has
on its face or side that is nearest the said boss or hub of the gear wheel a spring
pawl or catch so arranged that it lies in contact with the said inclines on the said
boss or hub The spring of the said catch tends always to force the same in the
said notches, and the latter are so arranged that when the said driving wheel is
turned in the proper direction for driving the machine the said catch drops into
the notch or recess behind one of the said shoulders, and thereby causes the said
gear wheel to turn with it and work the machine; but when the said driving
wheel is turned in the opposite direction, the said spring catch slides over the
inclines on the face of the boss of the gear wheel without imparting any motion to
the latter.

page_text: If desired I may use more than one spring pawl or catch, though one is sufficient
and preferable. The said spring catches may be pieces of metal provided with
spiral or other springs; or I may use flat springs formed and arranged to act as
catches or pawls. The driving wheel is arranged in connection with the winder in
the usual manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHUTTLE LOCK-STITCH SEWING MACHINES, AND SHUTTLES FOR THE SAME.
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jonathan Ketley and George Moss at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th June 1876.
JONATHAN KETLEY, of Barford Street, Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Sewing Machine Manufacturer, and GEORGE Moss, of Bermondsey, in the County of
Surrey, Machinist. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SHUTTLE LOCK-STITCH SEWING MACHINES,
AND SHUTTLES FOR THE SAME.'
"
The Invention relates, firstly, to a new combination of parts for the purpose of
obviating the use of complicated machinery, and also of preventing noise in work-
ing shuttle sewing machines. In other sewing machines the shuttle is driven by
a reciprocating or other notion as required, which is effected by means of a cam
upon the bottom shaft, levers, slides, and complicated links, or cams upon, or moved
by means of, the top shaft. The method we adopt to obviate these objections are:-
Instead of having any working parts or motions underneath the cloth plate for the
purpose of moving the shuttle we place our shuttle in a stationary cradle or holder.
The Invention relates, secondly, to an oscillating needle-bar for the purpose of
carrying the loop formed by the needle over the shuttle, although the said bar has
already been used, but for the purpose of feeding only. The point of the shuttle is
placed downwards, the needle descending and rising gradually, at the same time
oscillating, causes the loop formed by the needle to pass over the shuttle, and so on
in succession.
The Invention relates, thirdly, to a perforated metallic band for the purpose of
driving the machine, the holes in the said band being placed at such distances apart
as to ride upon a stud or peg placed at equivalent distances in the driving and
driven wheels, which said pegs or studs are made sufficiently long to protrude
through the holes of the bands aforesaid. This obviates the noise made by cog
wheels or other appliances.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FURNACES AND FLUES OF STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Hancock and William Soar at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th September 1876.
SAMUEL HANCOCK and WILLIAM SOAR, both of the Town and County of the
Town of Nottingham. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FURNACES AND FLUES OF STEAM
BOILERS."
At the back of the furnace bars we place a fire-bridge of suitable shape above
the bars, but conforming to the shape of the flue below the bars. This bridge is
hollow, and is filled with water through two or more orifices connecting it with the
flue. By a bridge so constructed an additional steam generating surface is formed,
and at the back of such bridge we place one or more hollow vessels of a less
diameter than the flue, each such vessel having two or more outlets by which it is
connected to the flue and filled with water from the boiler; each such vessel causes
the hot air generated in the furnace to impinge upon the sides of the fluc, imparting
additional heat thereto, and thus effecting a saving of fuel. The front of the hollow
bridge above named is provided with a rib to carry the back ends of the furnace
bars which we construct as follows:-Each bar has a central rib deeper at the
centre of its length than at each end, and thinner on the lower side than the upper;
upon each side of the central rib we place one or more other ribs of less depth; the
whole of the ribs are connected to each other, so that a number of longitudinal or
transverse spaces are formed; there are brackets or projections on the outer sides of
each bar, which with the next adjoining bar form other spaces; the sides of the
whole of the spaces are either left plain or fluted, and the ends of each bar which
rests upon the rails or plates which carry them instead of being solid we sometimes
perforate, the lower side of each perforation being larger than the upper.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN SEWING MACHINE SHUTTLES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thorsten Nordenfelt at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st March 1876. A communication from
abroad by Emil Ancarkrona, Gentleman, of Jonkoping, Sweden.
THORSTEN NORDENFELT, Engineer, of St. Swithen's Lane, London. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SEWING MACHINE SHUTTLES." A communication from abroad by Emil
Ancarkrona, Gentleman, of Jonkoping, Sweden.
The object of this Invention is to construct sewing machine shuttles in such a
simple manner that they shall not be liable to wear rapidly or to get easily out of
order.
My improvements consist in making my sewing machine shuttles without any
holes in the body as in other sewing machine shuttles, for the thread to pass
through, the inconvenience of which is well known.
I propose in the place of holes pierced in the side of the shuttle to employ a
frame on hinge joint at the foot, so adjusted that when the bobbin is in its place
the frame can be shut, taking with it the end of the thread on the bobbin to be
used, it having been placed through a slot in the frame, and the tension of which
is acted upon by a spring fixed upon one side of the frame and worked by an
adjustable screw, or in any other manner found necessary, which frame when shut
holds the bobbin securely in its proper position.
I also propose to make my shuttles out of solid steel or other suitable metal, and
to harden the ends, or the whole may be hardened.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN AIR AND WATER-PROOF FABRICS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th March 1876. A communication
from abroad by François Treyvoux and Joseph Neyret, both of Lyons,
France.
ALEXANDER MELVILLE Clark, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent.
"AN IMPROVEMENT IN AIR AND WATER-PROOF FABRICS."
Fabrics have hitherto been generally rendered impervious to water and moist air
by coating them with india-rubber or its congeners, in various combinations, or
with other substances, but the elasticity of the coating is entirely lost by its
adhesion to a non-elastic fabric.
Impervious materials may be rendered especially useful in the manufacture of
articles of dress in lieu of the skins of animals tanned or dressed, which are used not
only on account of their impervious qualities, but more particularly owing to the
elastic properties by which they are enabled to readily adapt themselves to changes
of form in the surfaces on which they are applied, and retain their shape
notwithstanding any contraction or expansion to which they may be subjected,
as for instance in the case of skins used in the shoe and glove manufacture.
This Invention relates to water and air-proofing certain kinds of fabrics
possessing a certain amount of elasticity, with an elastic substance or substances in
order to obtain impervious fabrics capable of extension and contraction, and contrac-
tion and suitable for use as substitutes for such naturally clastic substances, as
skins and leather, more especially those used in glove making.
The new fabric of this Invention possesses the additional advantage of more
perfect imperineability and greater elasticity, besides which the impermeable surface
is kept out of contact with the surface which it covers, and an agreeable warmth is
thereby obtained, not possessed by other impervious substances.
The Invention consists in the employment of all kinds of looped or knitted
fabrics made of any fibrous textile material and forming an elastic fabric, on which
is applied an impervious coating of an elastic nature composed principally of india-
rubber and capable of extension and contraction to an equal extent with the fabric
coated. These fabrics are to be employed as substitutes for leather skius, and other
impervious substances in all their various applications, and may be of any color
desired.
PROVEMENTS IN SHIRT FRONTS AND COLLARS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Bulloch at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 21st November 1876.
JOHN BULLOCH, of Belfast, in the County of Antrim, Ireland, Manufacturer.
PROVEMENTS IN SHIRT FRONTS AND COLLARS."
"IM-
This Invention relates to the forming or making up of shirt fronts and collars for
gentlemen's and ladies' wear in an improved and novel manner, and so as to be more
convenient for sale and use, and more advantageous in various ways than such
articles as hitherto made.
The Invention consists principally in making certain parts of the articles double
in an improved manner, admitting of the articles being reversed after being worn,
so that the redressing may be made less frequent, and the wear due to redressing be
greatly diminished.
In carrying out the Invention according to one modification two half fronts are
attached to a neck band about midway between the edges of the band, and so that
they can be folded either way. These half fronts are made so that both sides can
be used as outsides, both sides being alike, for example, with plaits or plain, or
military," or the sides may be of different styles. Two pairs of tabs, gills, or
points for the collar are attached to the band or body of the collar, the pairs pro-
jecting from opposite edges of the band, and one pair having the half fronts folded
down over them.
"
In order to reverse the combined front and collar the article is laid flat, and
the half fronts are turned over so as to fold the reverse way from their lines of
attachment to the band, in doing which they cover the tabs, gills, or points before
exposed, and uncover those before hid.
The reversible half fronts may be attached to a plain neck band without collar,
tabs, gills, or points, and a reversible collar may be made without the fronts, the two
pairs of tabs, gills, or points being attached to the opposite edges of a neck band or
collar body.
By further improvements a single or double ply fold of material is attached
to the middle of the neck band at the back for the purpose of holding down
or retaining the neckerchief or necktie. And the neck band for the front or
combined collar and front is made from cloth cut diagonally or bias, so as more
easily to adapt itself to the neck, and thus save material and labor.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF COM- POUNDING CALVES' FEET JELLY TABLETS
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to David Rees, of Pontefract, in the County of York,
о
Confectioner, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF COM-
POUNDING CALVES' FEET JELLY TABLETS."
Sealed the 21st July 1876, and dated the 11th May 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said David Rees at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 11th May 1876.
DAVID REES, of Pontefract, in the County of York, Confectioner.
MENTS IN THE METHOD OF COMPOUNDING CALVES' FEET JELLY TABLETS."
"
IMPROVE-
I take a proportion of calves' feet and fowls' flesh and boil down to a jelly in a
saucepan. I then take it from the fire and place in an earthenware pan allowing.
it to cool; when cold I skim it in order to make it clear. I then add the following
ingredients, the proportion being according to the quality desired, Nelson's gelatine,
honey, eggs, loaf sugar, lemons, saffron, coriander seeds, and essence of lemon. I then
stir up well, and when it comes to a boil I strain through a fine siove. 'I then add
sherry wine, stir up well and pour into tins; when it is well set I cut up into
square tablets.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said David Rees in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 25th August
1870.
DAVID REES, of Pontefract, in the County of York, Confectioner. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE Method of COMPOUNDING CALVES' FEET JELLY TABLETS."
I take a proportion of calves' feet and fowls' flesh and boil down to a jelly in a
saucepan. I then take it from the fire and place in an earthenware pan allowing it
to cool; when cold I skim it in order to make it clear. I then add the following
ingredients, the proportion being according to the quality desired, Nelson's gelatine,
honey, eggs, loaf sugar, lemons, saffron, coriander seeds, and essence of lemon. I
then stir up well and when it comes to a boil I drain through a fine sieve. I then

page_text: add sherry wine, stir up well, and pour into tins; when it is well set I cut up into
square tablets.
In witness whereof, I, the said David Rees, havo hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Eleventh day of August, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-six.
DAVID REES. (L.S.)
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF-ACTING MULES FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Leigh Taylor, of the Firm of Thomas Taylor and
Sons, of the Grecian Mills, Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, Cotton Spinners,
and Robert Ramsden, of the same Place, Manager, for the Invention of
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF-ACTING MULES FOR SPINNING AND
DOUBLING."
"
Sealed the 28th April 1876, and dated the 22nd February 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Leigh Taylor and Robert
Ramsden at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd February
1876.
JOHN LEIGH TAYLOR, of the Firin of Thomas Taylor and Sons, of the Grecian
Mills, Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, Cotton Spinners, and ROBERT RAMSDEN,
of the same Place, Manager. "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF-ACTING MULES FOR
SPINNING AND DOUBLING."
The object of our Invention is to keep the yarn at the proper tension previous
to winding it on the spindles, thereby preventing snarls and breakages.
In performing our Invention we carry the taking up chain around a cam or
eccentric instead of around a pulley as heretofore. During the backing off the
cam tightens the backing off chain, and brings the faller on to the yarn, so that the
moment the carriage begins to run in the yarn is held in the proper position for
being wound on the spindles. By this means the proper tension is given to the yarn
and snarls and breakages are prevented.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE STEAM BOILERS OF LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Everitt at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th August 1876.
WILLIAM EDWARD EVERITT, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE STEAM BOILERS OF LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES,
WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER STEAM BOILERS."
My Invention has reference principally to the steam boilers of locomotive engines,
but is also applicable to other steam boilers of similar construction, such for
example as the steam boilers of agricultural locomotive steam engines, and to all
such boilers as are ordinarily constructed with horizontal tubes, through which the
flame and heated air from the furnace pass.
I will describe my Invention with reference to the steam boiler of a locomotive
engine.
In that part of the boiler situated over the furnace or fire-place I fix a series of
vertical tubes; these tubes pass through the part of the boiler referred to, their
lower ends opening into the furnace or fire-place, and their upper ends opening into
a flue passing along the top of the boiler, and communicating with the chimney of
the locomotive. These tubes are fixed in their places by ferrules or other fastenings
such as are ordinarily employed for fixing the horizontal tubes of locomotive boilers.
The lower parts of the vertical tubes are below the water line of the boiler, while
their upper ends are above the water line. When however it is thought desirable
to keep the whole surface of the said vertical tubes in contact with the water in the
boiler the figure of the boiler may be modified so as to provide the required steam
room in that part of the boiler over the horizontal tubes. The fire and heated air
from the furnace pass partly through the said vertical tubes and partly through the
horizontal tubes. Owing to the additional steam generating surface obtained by
the use of the vertical tubes the length of the boiler or that part of it provided
with horizontal tubes may be diminished.
J
I prefer to make the part of the boiler in which the vertical tubes are fixed
concave on its under side, and to strengthen it if necessary with tie rods or
otherwise.

page_text: Although I prefer to fix the additional tubes vertically yet they may be fixed in
an inclined position with the same effect.
The application of my Invention to boilers other than the boilers of locomotive
engines differs in no essential respect from its application to the boilers of locomotive
engines.
AN IMPROVED BOILER TUBE FERRULE EXTRACTOR
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Bowker at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 9th August 1876.
WILLIAM BOWKER, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer. "AN IMPROVED BOILER TUBE FERRULE EXTRACTOR."
This Invention consists in improved arrangements and combinations of apparatus
to be used for extracting the ferrules from boiler tubes when required.
To one arrangement I employ a screw having at one end a neck with a curved
head and an internal recess, and I place on the head a spring connected to a
number of arms, each having one end placed in the recess, and the other end
intended to act as a grip. The screw is fitted to a nut in a boss or frame, and on
the screw there is a nut which can be turned by a key or lever.
When the ferrule has to be extracted the boss and outer nut are placed
sufficiently apart from the boiler plate to allow the spring and arms to be contracted
and forced through the ferrule, and when the boss and nut are placed close to the
plate, and the nut turned as required by the key or lever, the ferrule is drawn out
of the tube with the greatest ease and economy.
This arrangement can be modified by employing rods or arms contracted by
strings, so that they can pass through the forrules, and be afterwards expanded
behind the ferrules by a cone at the end of the screw; or the arms may be jointed to
a head at the end of the neck of the screw in connection with springs.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER SKATES
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Usher and Henry Usher, of Vauxhall Bridge
Road, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN ROLLER SKATES."
Sealed the 23rd May 1876, and dated the 20th March 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Usher and Henry
Usher at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th March
1876.
WILLIAM USHER and HENRY USHER, of Vauxhall Bridge Road, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER SKATES."
Our Invention relates to improvements in roller skates, and consists, 1st, in
mounting the rollers on carriages working on vertical axes, so as to be readily
swivelled when by the pressure of the foot the sole or stock of the skate is tilted to
the one side or the other in describing a curve. The axes of the carriages are
located in front or rear of the rollers, according as the latter are at the front or
rear of the skate, and the swivelling action of the carriages resembles somewhat
that of an ordinary castor. There may be a single or a pair of carriages (each
carrying a single roller) at each end of the skate, and in the case of a pair the two
carriages may work on the same or different axis or pivots. The lateral motion of
the carriage is regulated or controlled by springs, which return the carriages to their
normal position, and bring the wheels again into line after they have been caused
to swivel, as above mentioned. The carriages may be furnished with friction rollers
running on curved ways on the under side of the sole or stock, and stops are provided
to limit their motion.
The Invention consists, 2ndly, in mounting the wheel or roller spindles, which
are tubular, to turn between cone centres fixed adjustably in the carriages, and
providing a tie rod or bolt, which runs through the spindle, and is secured by its
ends in the two centres to prevent the cheeks of the carriage which carry the
centres yielding or springing outwards. The spindles being hollow' form a suitable
[Price 2d.]

page_text: receptacle for a reserve of tallow, which will melt and lubricate the centres should
the spindles become heated from want of oil.
The Invention consists, 3rdly, in constructing the wheels or rollers with an
internal cushion or spring of iudia-rubber to reduce the shock or jar in running on
a rough surface, said spring consisting of a collar or ring surrounding the spindle,
and contained within the rim or body of the wheel or roller which, together with
the spring, is retained by being fitted between discs fixed on the spindle.