IMPROVEMENTS IN WATCHES
Year: 1884

page_text: I REUBEN SQUIRE of 37 Myddelton Square in the County of Middlesex
Watchmaker do hereby declare the nature of my invention for IMPROVEMENTS
IN WATCHES to be as follows:-
A special construction of case for both key and keyless watches which shall
exclude damp and foreign matter from any or every opening into the interior of
the case.
The case of key watches, and of keyless in which the stem of the button is
supported by the movement may open only at the back, the bezel and band being
indivisible.
Both bezel and back when they open in single bottom watches and the bezel in
double bottom watches may be snapped on a flange, known as a "Snap," on the
band, and the angle of inclination of that part of the bezel and back known also
as the "snap" is the same as that of the flange it fits to and is held by.
The flange is an unbroken circle at that part of it which holds the bezel or
bottom and when a joint or bolt or both are used to attach the movement to
the case the special feature of novelty is that both joint and bolt are fitted without
breaking the circle of the flange the joint wire or knuckle in the case being
inserted in or placed upon the solid flange, the ends of the hole being above the
snap or closed up if desired. If any holes be required between the seating and
the outside edge of the band for securing a spring or other purpose they may be
made in the band within the circle of the flange or in one or more blocks attached
to the interior of the band.
A rim may if desired be fitted to the edge of the glass and snapped into the
bezel as the glass usually is. The use of this rim is to allow of glasses being
made interchangeable or of more than one being fitted to a case. A perfect closing
between the edge of the glass and the rim or bezel may be made by closing the top
edge of the groove into the glass.
The wind and set hands holes of key watches may be closed or stopped by a
plug or by a slide or by an insertion of flexible material between the two bottoms;
the plug or slide being attachable to either bottom or to the movement and may
be acted upon by a spring or other force to make a complete closing.
The pendant of keyless watches may if desired be composed of two parts to
allow of the top being removed if required.
:

page_text: To make a perfect closing between the pendant and button their meeting faces
may be shaped to make when together either a ball and cup joint, or a conical
joint, or a cylindrical joint with either a square or a conical shoulder joint.
The button may be secured to the stem or to the pinion arbor by a nut or a screw,
the side of which may make with the button either a conical joint or a ball and
cup joint. The hole of the nut shall not pass right through the top of it. The
screw is fitted or screwed into the centre of the pinion arbor or the stem.
The meeting faces of the pendant and button may be kept close together by
friction, or by a spring, or by the nut or screw at the top of the button or by the
button being rivetted to the pendant, or by a collar.
The set hands may be effected by a push-piece to be either pushed inwards or
pulled out. When pushed in it may make with the pipe or hole either a conical
joint or a ball and cup joint, or a cylindrical joint with either a square shoulder or
a conical shoulder joint, the inner end being acted upon by a spring traversing
a hole made through it, or pressing against its end, to keep it in its place and
make a complete closing. The pushpiece to be pulled out is tapered inwards
and makes with the hole a conical joint having a head outside to pull it out by
the inner end being either attached to a lever which effects the set hands or has
an arm attached to its inner end, or is itself so shaped that when pulled out and
turned partly round it may be brought into contact with the keyless motion and
effect the set hands by being pushed inwards.
When the expression "effect the set hands". occurs herein it means that the set
hands is capable of being effected by the button."
דיי,
A perfect closing may also be effected by the insertion of any flexible or metallic
insertions between the parts that open.
The special feature of the pendant and button construction is that a perfect
closing is secured whilst the button is swivelling on the pendant as well as when
at rest, and that it requires no spottention from the operator to make it effect
the exclusion of damp and foreign matter.
Dated this first day of September 1801

page_text: COMT LEIE
DIECIFICATION.
I REUBEN SQUIRE of 37 Myddelton Square in. the County of Middlesex
Watchmaker do hereby declare the nature of my invention for IMPROVEMENTS
IN WATCHES and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
A special construction of case for both keyless and key watches which shall
exclude damp and foreign matter from any or every opening into the interior of
the case.
The case of key watches and of keyless in which the stem of the button is
supported by the movement, may open only at the back, the bezel and band being
indivisible.
"
Both bezel and back when they open in single bottom watches, and the bezel in
double bottom watches, may be snapped on a flange, known as a snap," on the
band; and the angle of inclination of that part of the bezel or of the back,
known also as the " snap" is the same as that of the flange it fits to and is
held by.
The flange is an unbroken circle at that part of it which holds the bezel or the
bottom, and when a joint or bolt or both or other connection are used to attach
the movement to the case the special feature of novelty is that such connections
are fitted within the circle of the flange and if any holes be required between the
edge of the movement and the outside edge of the band for securing a spring or
for any other purpose they may be made within the circle of the flange.
A rim may if desired be fitted to the edge of the glass and then snapped into
the bezel as the glass usually is The use of this rim is to allow of the outer edge
being turned perfectly true so as to secure a perfect fit to the bezel.
The passage of damp and foreign matter through the keyholes of key watches
may be prevented by the use of a plug or of a slide or of flexible or other material
as a stopper to the hole or to fill the space between the two bottoms leading
to the bole.
This plug or slide or material may be attached to either bottom or to the
movement and may be caused to make a perfect closing by a spring or other force
such as the pressure of the outer bottom acting upon it. When the plug or
material is attached to the inner bottom it may be done by means of a lover, one
end of which is attached to the bottom the other having the plug or material
attached to it by means of a screw or otherwise, or the plug may be formed out
of the end of the lever.
The plug or material may be attached to the outer bottom by a screw or rivet
or other holder.
The slide or cover may be a disc turning upon its centre with a slot cut out
of it for the key to pass through to the wind hole, or it may be a slide held in
its place by two fixed sides, or it may be a moveable or fixed cover of any other
shape that may be preferred and may be attached to the inside or to the outside
of either bottom and serve for single or double bottom cases.
The pendant of keyless watches may if desired be composed of two parts to
allow of the top to which the button is fitted being removed if required.

page_text: attached to the inner bottom by a lever B to enable the plug to be removed from
the hole. The plug may form part of the lever or be attached to it by the
[screw (a) the lever being connected with the case by the screw (i) round which
the lever moves freely. The bottom D keeps the plug in the hole by pressing
upon the top of the lever or upon the head of the screw (a). The plug may be
attached to the outer bottom by a screw or other holder as the discs are in
figure 13.
In figure 12 a disc of flexible or other material is attached to the lever A by
a screw (a) the passage to the hole being closed thereby against foreign matter,
the bottom D pressing upon the point of the screw or the top of the lever to make
a perfect closing. In 13 the disc (g) is attached to the outer bottom by a screw (a)
which is shown also in the outer bottom figure 10. In figure 14 the whole space
between the bottoms is closed by one piece of. material. Figure 6 shews the
levers A for a disc and B for a plug in their place on the inner bottom. Figures
15 16 and 17 shew the holes covered by a slide or cover. In figure 15 the slide A
moves between the two fixed sides (d). In 16 the slide A turns round the fixed
centre (d) and is stopped by the projecting pin c. In 17 the slide turns on its
own centre (i) the length of the slot (n), the projecting pin (c) stopping the slide
from driving any dust that may be in the slot into the hole. These slides allow
the holes to be uncovered and covered at will, and in the form here shewn are
designed to be attached to the bottom in which the wind hole is made. When the
slide is attached to the outer bottom of double bottom cases it may be without
slot and attached by a screw as the discs in figures 10 and 13.
The pendant of keyless watches may be composed of two parts to allow of the
top one which the button is fitted to being removed if required. Figures 22. 23.
24. 25. shew such a pendant at A and B. The part of B to which A is fitted may
be conical shape or tapered plug shape as at e. figures 22. 23. 24. & 25. and may be
fitted to the outside of the pendant as in 23 24 and 25 or to the inside as in
figure 22. When fitted outside as in figure 23 the part A may be kept in its
place by a screw D to prevent the bow from separating A from B. In the case of
tigures 22 and 24 A may be kept in its place by friction only; but in figure 25
A turns upon B the button being fitted friction tight upon its outside and A is
then kept in its place by a collar (e) which is fitted friction tight upon B.
In figures 23 to 32 H is the button.
The meeting faces of the pendant and button where they act upon or against
each other may be tapered plug shape to make a conical joint as the faces (i) in
figures 23 to 28, each two meeting faces being the one a counterpart of the other
and making when together a perfect closing. The button in figure 24 fits to B. on
the outside of (i) and also to the coned face of A at (i) making a double closing.
The inside face of A being undercut cylindrical shape to allow the faces at (i) to
meet perfectly and to wear without derangement to a perfect closing.
Similarly in figure 28 the coned faces (i) and the right angle faces (a) meet
making a double closing. In figures 23 and 26 the button is fitted to the interior
of the pendant and in figure 23 the button is kept in its place by a washer (c)
fitted to the end of the nose of the button inside the pendant at (a).
In figure 29 the button makes with the pendant a conical joint at (e) a
cylindrical joint at (c) and a square shoulder joint at (a).
In figure 30 a cylindrical joint is made by the insertion of a metal cylinder (a)
into both the button and the pendant, and thereby makes a complete closing. In
figure 31 the button makes with the pendant a ball and cup joint at (a) The
meeting faces of the pendant and button may be kept close together by friction as
at (i) figure 25 in which A turns upon B, and the button is driven friction tight
upon A at (i) and thus turns A; or a screw planted in the case or in the plate
may be made to act upon the inclined shoulder of the arbor as at K figure 1, and
thus draw the button close upon the pendant; or a spring H figures 18. 41 and 43
having an incline plane E. figures 41 and 43, at one end, which slides upon the
inside edge of the band at A figure 18, and is attached either to the plate or to the

page_text: case at its other end B figures 18 and 43, having a bridge shape slot made in it
at D, figures 41 and 43, spans the pivot of the stem at P figure 42; and when the
incline at A figure 18 is made to slide down in front of the case at A by the
screw N it moves towards the plate F. and carries with it the stem which it spans
at D and with the stem the button; or when the arbor is supported only by the
pendant a spiral spring as at C. figure 3 or a screw as before described, H. figure 1,
or any other kind of spring may be made to exert a force upon the arbor to draw
it and the button close upon the pendant; or the end of the same arbor may rest
against the inside end of the pendant as at B figure 3 and then the nut or screw
at the outer end of the arbor may be made to drive the button close to the
pendant.
The set hands may be shaped to make with tho pipe in the edge of the case it
fits into either a conical or plug shape joint as at A figures 36, 37, 38, 39 and 40
or a cylindrical and conical joint, as in figures 33 and 34, or a ball and cup joint as
in figures 31-preferably as figure 36. When the set hands is tapered from the
outside it has a head D figures 97 38 39 and 40 to draw it out by; its inner end
is either connected with a lever as at (a) figures 37 and 38 which when drawn
outwards effects the necessary gearing for setting the hands, or there is mounted
upon it an arm as (a) figure 39 which when turned partly round is brought into
contact with the rocking bar as shewn in figure 39 and by being pushed in effects
the set hands; or its inner end may be cut half away as shown at (a) figure 40 to
allow it to be free of the lever when pushed in, but when drawn out and turned
round the end will come in contact with the projecting pin (c) in the lever and
permit of it pushing the lever inwards to effect the set hands.
When the lever F figure 37 has pushed the rocking bar aside and the lever
occupies the position indicated by the dotted lines the rocking bar H will be
blocked and thus keep the parts in gear until released by the pushpiece being
pushed into its place again and a perfect closing effected. Similarly the lever F
figure 38 is detained by the spring dettent P holding the arm K in either of the
notches which K is forced into, until released by A being pushed into its place
again.
The pushpieces 33 34 35 36 and 3 are made to effect a perfect closing by a
spring K figure 3 pressing the inner end of the pushpiece either by resting against
the end or traversing a hole made across the head. A perfect closing may also be
made in the set hands or the button and pendant by the insertion of any flexible
material between the meeting faces as at (a) figure 32 or at A figure 35.
The button A of keyless watches as in figures 19 20 and 21 may be attached to
the stem or pinion B by a nut C figure 20 or screw D figure 19 or by a screw E
figure 21
The nut C figure 20 or screw D figure 19 is tapered from the top
downwards and the whole of the nut does not go quite through it. A corresponding
taper is made in the button in the sink made to receive the nut or screw head or
the shape of the nut or screwhead and of the sink it fits to may be ball and cup
shape as in figure 31 at A. The hole made in the button figure 21 to receive the
stem does not go quite through.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
An impermeably closed watch as already described constructed upon the
following improved principles.
1st The improved case, and case joint for the movement, and mode of connecting
the movement or case springs or other piece to the case by a joint or bolt or screw
or other connection so that 1st Neither the snap of the bezel or back nor the
flange or snap on the case are altered in their form or circularity or affected in any
way by or on account of such connections but remain complete circles as shewn in
figures 4, 5 & 9; 2nd When the joint and bolt and spring screws are provided for
and fitted in the old way by making openings in the flange and screwholes outside

page_text: the flange there is this improvement that the joint and bolt do not as heretofore
project beyond the circle of the flange nor the screw head project above the level
of the fat when placed outside the flange, by which improvement the necessity is
obviated of making as heretofore any alteration in the shape, or any break in, the
circle of the snap of the bezel to allow it to be free of the projections.
2nd The indivisible bezel and band of the case shewn in figure 1 preferably for
movements of the Swiss type of keyless work and for key watches which have not
double bottoms.
3rd The improved mode of making a true edge to the glass by fitting to it a
metallic rim as in figures 7 & 8.
4th The method of obtaining a perfect fit to the bezel or back by making the
same angle of inclination to each of any two meeting faces or snaps-see (a)
figures 1, 2 & 9.
5th The mode of preventing the passage of damp or foreign matter through the
keyholes of key-watches by stopping the holes with a plug or by covering the
holes or by filling a part or all of the space between the two bottoms by any
suitable substance thus closing the passage to the holes-together with the modes
of attaching such stoppers to the case or movement-the examples 6, 10, 11, 12,
13, 14, 15, 16, & 17 being some examples of the application of the principle.
6th A plug joint or a ball & cup joint in which either of the two parts forms the
plug or ball or cup, to obtain a perfect closing 1st between the parts composing
the pendant; 2nd between the button and pendant; 3rd between the button and
screwhead or nut at the top of the button; 4th between the pushpiece and the
case the joint thus forined being either a taper or conical joint, or a combined
cylindrical and conical joint, or a cylindrical joint formed by inserting a cylinder
into the two parts as in figure 30, or a ball and cup joint-the drawings being
intended to represent some of the various modes of application of the principle.
7th The construction of the pendant in two parts.
8th The use of a spring or screw or a lever to keep the pendant and button or
the pushpiece and case close together as shewn in figure 1 at H, in 3 at (c) and K,
in 18 at H and the mode of attaching the button to the pendant as at (a)
figure 23,
9th The lever arrangements F figure 37 and P figure 38, the arm (a) figure 39
and the halved end of the pushpiece with the provision for its use at (a) figure 40
to enable such a push piece to be used.
10th The insertion of any substance between any of the joints or openings as in
figures 32 & 85 at (a).
Lastly, I claim to make a case upon these principles so that it may be
impermeable in any one or all of the openings into the interior as may be desirable
or necessary to meet the various requirements of the public.
Dated this fund das T1005