Improvements in the Construction of Glass Cylinders for Lamps.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 7th Apr., 1391-Accepted, 12th May, 1894
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Construction of Glass Cylinders for Lamps.
I, REINHOLD LOLL, Manufacturer, of 13 Zimmer Strasse, Berlin, Germany,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :—
The present invention relates to glass cylinders for use in connection with lamps
and consists in forming the same of a series of hollow glass tubes of any desired
cross section, said tubes being connected together and held in place by means of
metallic or glass rings at the top and bottom of the cylinder thus formed, said rings
having an interior annular space into which the ends of the tubes open, and having
also perforations so that a continued circulation of air may take place through the
tubes in a similar. manner to the circulation which goes on through the whole
cylinder. When the said connecting rings are of glass the same may be made in
one piece with the tubes and provided with annular spaces as above described.
Owing to the circulation of the air taking place within the tubes the same will to
a certain extent be cooled and the danger of the cylinder bursting considerably
lessened. Further cylinders constructed according to the present invention cannot
break entirely, as only one or more of the separate tubes will burst and such
broken tube can be easily taken out and replaced by a new one without the
necessity of having an entirely new cylinder. Cylinders made according to
the present invention can be easily colored with water colors as hereinafter
described.
And in order to make the present Specification more easily intelligible reference
is had to the accompanying drawing in which similar letters denote similar parts
throughout the several views:-
Fig. 1 being a side elevation of a cylinder constructed according to my invention,
partly in section ;
Fig. 2 a cross section taken through Fig. 1;
Figs. 3 and 4 an elevation and plan of a cylinder made in one piece with the
upper and lower connecting rings;
Figs. 5 and 6 a side elevation partly in section and sectional plan of a modified
form of cylinder;
Figs. 7 and 8 a vertical section and sectional plan of a modified form of a
cylinder having the end rings made in one with the tubes, and
Figs. 9 to 15 show part sectional plans of cylinders made of tubes of varying
sections.
Referring to Figs. 1 and 2 :-The glass tubes or tubular glass bodies 11 are
arranged in a ring and retained in position by means of the upper and lower
rings 2 and 3 having a cross section somewhat similar to an U, the said rings being
affixed to the tubes in such manner as to form an annular chamber 4 into which
the said tubes open. The said rings are furthermore provided with orifices 5
and 6 so that the air is free to circulate from one end to the other through the
walls of the cylinder, in the direction of the arrows, the hot air escaping at the top
and the cold air entering at the bottom ring.
When the lamp is lighted, the cylinder will become warm very quickly and
evenly owing to its walls being very thin, and thus an unequal expansion and the
bursting of the cylinder consequent upon the same, will be avoided. When the
cylinder has become thoroughly warm the circulation of air continues through
the same thus cooling it sufficiently to prevent the tubes melting or warping.

page_text: Instead of connecting the tubes together with rings the same may be kept in
place by melting their ends together, as shown in Figs. 3 and 4, but in this case
each tube must be provided with an upper and lower orifice, to enable the circulation
to take place. Or as shown in Figs. 7 and 8 the tubes may be made in one piece
with the upper and lower rings of glass, in which case the said rings must have
orifices as shown. In Figs. and 6 instead of cylindrical tubes, tubes having a
section formning a segment of a circle may be employed, which are held in place by
upper and lower rings. This construction has the advantage that the glass bodies
are held in place by simply pressing them towards the centre of the cylinder and
that it is not necessary to smelt the tubes together or to combine them by any
other means.
Moreover it is easier to remove damaged segments and replace the
same with new ones.
The Figs. 9 to 15 show the arrangement of tubular glass bodies of various cross
sections, the arrangement being evident from the drawings and requiring no further
elucidation.
Glass cylinders constructed as herein before described can be easily colored with
water colors by a very simple process. The tubes are first filled with a sharp
acid, advantageously fluorhydric acid, which is allowed to remain in the same until
the interior surface of the tubes is somewhat roughened. The acid is then removed
and the tubes are rinced out with water and then refilled with a very thin solution
of water glass with which the desired color has been previously mixed. The latter
solution may be colored by simply dissolving an ordinary water color therein, care
should be taken however that a mineral color is chosen which will not be changed
by the action of the heat. The colored solution is then poured out of the tubes
and the latter allowed to thoroughly dry.
The cylinder may be composed of tubes of one and the same color or the
same may be of varying colors, thus by arranging alternating yellow and red
tubes the cylinder will appear orange, or blue and yellow tubes will attain a green
color.
In similar manner frosted glass cylinders may be produced by simply rincing out
the tubes after the acid has been allowed to act on the interior of the same, and
not applying any color.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my invention
and in what manner the same is performed I declare that what I claim is :-
(1.) A cylinder composed of a series of glass tubes having any desired form of
section, arranged in a ring, suitable means to hold said tubes together and upper
and lower orifices to enable air circulation throughout the said tubes substantially
as described.
(2.) The combination of a series of tubes 1 1, upper and lower rings 2 and 3
connecting up said tubes, annular internal space in said rings, connecting the
interiors of the said tubes and orifices to establish communication between said
annular spaces and the outer air substantially as described.
(3.) The combination of hollow glass bodies 1 1, upper and lower rings 2 and 3,
into which said tubes open, an annular space above and below the said tube,ends
within the said rings and orifices 5 and 6 in said annular rings substantially as
described.
(4.) In combination with cylinders for lamps composed of a series of hollow
glass bodies arranged and connected up as described frosting the said cylinder by
filling the said tubes with a sharp acid and allowing the said acid to roughen the
interior of the tubes.
(5.) In combination with cylinders constructed as described, a process for
coloring the same, consisting in first roughening the interiors of the said tubes by
means of a sharp acid poured into the same, then washing the tubes and refilling
same with a thin solution of water glass to which the desired color has previously

page_text: been imparted, then pouring out the said solution and allowing the tubes to dry in
the manner substantially as described.
Dated this 7th dor of Anril 1801
€6
CASTLE SMITH,
Invention" Office, 54, Fleet Street, London, E.C
Agent for the Applicant.