IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS."
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Philip Preston, John Theodoro Prestige, and
Edwin James Preston, trading under the Firm of Josiah Stone & Co., of
High Street, Deptford, in the County of Kent, Engineers, Edwin William Do
Rusett, of Anerley, in the County of Surrey, Civil Engineer, and John Allen
Fowler, of Deptford, in the County of Kent, Mechanical Engineer, for an
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Philip Preston,
John Theodore Prestige, Edwin James Preston, Edwin William De Rusett,
and John Allen Fowler at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
22nd September 1881.
FREDERICK PHILIP PRESTON, JOHN THEODORE PRESTIGE, and EDWIN JAMES.
PRESTON, trading under the Firm of Josiah Stone & Co., of High Street, Deptford,
in the County of Kent, Engineers, EDWIN WILLIAM DE RUSETT, of Anerley, in tho
County of Surrey, Civil Engineer, and JOHN ALLEN FOWLER, of Deptford, in the
County of Kent, Mechanical Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS."
Our improvements in pumps include a novel arrangement for pumps in which
we place two barrels opposite each other. Each barrel has a piston and fixed'
The
cover; the pistons are united by a rod passing through the fixed covers.
pistons are caused to alternately approach and recede from their covers by a lever
or levers which connect to the piston rod by suitable mechanism; we prefer to
enclose all these parts in an intermediate watertight chest which contains the
valves and forms the air vessel, and to which the cylinders are attached. The
power is applied from an external lever or levers to this internal lever by a weigh
shaft passing through suitable packings in the valve chest. We prefer to use four
valves for the two cylinders, also to cast the barrels with solid bottoms so that
when they are removed from the valve chest the pistons, fixed covers with their
packings, if any, and part of the piston rods will be laid bare.
The weigh shaft and internal lover or levers may be either above or below the
Diston rod.

page_text: We also make these pumps without covers to the inner ends of the barrels, when
the double action is obtained by causing the pistons to approach and recede from
each other. We employ four valves or add to their number when necessary; they
are placed by preference in a central watertight chest, as just described, with
passages designed to distribute the liquid to the inner and outer ends in a suitable
manner. The pistons are guided on a central bolt or on a tube or sleeve on a bolt,
so that the bolt may be removed without disturbing the pistons. The bolt holds
the cylinders to the valve chest or retains the outer covers in position when so
provided.
Motion is given to the pistons by levers branching in opposite directions off one
or more weigh shafts placed in one line from which are connecting rods to the
pistons. An external lever or levers, with or without link or links, operate on the
weigh shaft or shafts through suitable packings in the central chest before
described. The central bolt may be dispensed with when the pistons are suitably
formed so as to be guided by bearing against the cylinders; they may be also
placed out of line if required.
According to another modification and in connection with a cylinder having
closed ends we fit two or more pistons guided or not, and in between these pistons
and working in the water space there are two connecting rods and two levers;
these levers are in connection one with the other, the fulcrum spindle of one
passing through the sides of the chambor in which they work and connected to the
driving gear outside. The fulcrum spindle of the other lever we prefer to have
working on a pin at the side of the chamber, but it may also pass from one side to
the other or through, if preferred, or the pump may be worked from that spindle;
the valves for these pumps are four in number, but that number may be increased
when thought necessary; they may be placed at the middle of cylinder, half on one
side and half on the other, or all on one side; they may be of any convenient shape
or form according to the work they are intended for, the air vessel may be placed
on top of valve box, and the chamber containing the bearings for lever spindles
made in one with it.
In order to get the thrusts of connecting rods central at the pistons we some-
times make one of the levers double or forked, and also guide the pistons by means
of a rod projecting from one of them working in a tube or casing or guide on the
other, the connecting rods attached to the levors being by preference one above and
the other under the guides.
We sometimes inake them with two separate levers working the pistons inde-
pendently of each other, the axles of which may either both pass out on one side,
one passing through the other, or side by side, or one on either side.
We also work either of theso pumps by rotary motion by extending the air
vessel sufficiently high to receive and envelope a cranked axle having a connecting
rod which moves the internal lever or levers before described. Tho cranked axle
passes through stuffing boxes in the air vessel, so that external power may be
communicated to the interior of the pump; the weigh shaft of lever or levers nced
not be taken through the sides of chamber but may be altogether inside samc.
We sometimes cast the cylinders to the valve chest and fit them with covers on
end, or we bolt the cylinder to the valve chest, and either provide covers in addition
or cast the cylinders with solid bottoins according to circumstances. These pumps
are arranged with horizontal, vertical, or inclined cylinders.
According to another modification we employ two pistons working vertically in
n barrel on which is a cover which may act as a valve. The pistons approach and
recede from each other and from the cylinder bottom and cover or valve. We
prefer to work this pump by the rotary action of a two throw crank shaft which
may be placed above the cover; to the crank pins we attach connecting rods, and
to these latter piston rods working side by side and passing through the cover.
The piston rods are guided on the bolts which keep the pump covor in position
(or by cross heads bearing against the sides of barrel or by other convenient means
according to circumstances). We employ four valves by preference with passages

page_text: for the water or other liquid cast or formed on the outside of the barrel. Wo
arrange the valves so that when the doors are removed the internal arrangement
of the pump may be inspected and cloared if choked. We prefer to hold the pump
cover in place by lugs from the head cover, so that on the latter being removed
the pump cover will be liberated and may be drawn out with the pistons and
rods.
We sometimes design this form of pump with the lower piston rod passing
through a hollow rod which works the upper piston.
In this modification we prefer to use connecting rods for communicating the
rotary motion of a two throw crank shaft to the pistons, as before described.
Sometimes for a long stroke pump we may use the so called kito motion guide, the
upper guide of which may be a steam, air, or water cylinder or a plain guide. Tho
usual external wheel or wheels will serve as a fly wheel or wheels, and tho pump
may be worked by hand or steam power.
When the cover is used as a valve the valves and general arrangement will be
similar to the before described pump. We sometimes only guide the rod to lower
piston when the tubular rod having a longer connecting rod is guided principally
on this inner rod and in the cover. The bearings or stuffing boxes for the crank
shaft may also be wliolly in the body of the pump for working the pump with
open head if required. We sometimes arrange this form of pump so that the
seatings of delivery valves are of sufficient size to pass the suction valves through,
when they may be drawn out through the water passages instead of by the doors
described.
Another part of our Invention relates to pumps worked by steam or compressed
air engines, and which is intended for use on board ship as a combined fire and
bilge or wreck pump, and which may be carried out as follows:-
We prefer having 2 different sized cylinders for pump barrels, which may be
made in one piece with the valve box in centre and covers at each end, but not in
the middle; in these cylinders there are 2 or more pistons worked by 2 levers, the
fulcrum spindles of which are in connection with 2 levers outside the casing;
these lovers are connected to the ends of rods, the other ends of which are in
connection with the crosshead or other part of a steam engine or other motor; this
engine may be fixed on the top of pump, the upright supports for steam cylinder
forming air vessels for pump, or it may be placed alongside or at one end, or the
pump may be placed between the steam cylinder and crank shaft, and the lever
may be worked by means of excentrics or cranks instead of from the crosshead. If
it is required to use it for fire purposes all that is necessary to do is to either
disconnect one of the side rods, and thus throw one of the pumps out of gear, or by
shifting the ends of the rods in the levers of pumps further out, thereby reducing
the stroke of pump and increasing the leverage.
Should it be required to increase the capacity of these pumps without adding
much to the length, all that is required is to add additional pistons and to increase
the length barrel and passages necessary for them to work in without increasing
the throw of crank or length of connecting rods as in most other engines or pumps,
the piston rods for the back pistons working through the front pistons, thus the
front piston rod of one side would be continued through the front piston of the
other side and connected to the back piston of that side, and the arrangement
would be the same in the other pistons.
This Invention includes another modification of a high pressure with a low
pressure pump, the former suitable for fire and the latter for salvago purposes, or
both may be used for fire and salvage purposes. These pumps may be disconnected
from the motive power and worked singly. They are worked by one or more steam
cylinders. We sometimes employ the pump described under the first head and
transmit the power of the steam cylinder to the pump by a bell crank, but wo
sometimes fit each pump cylinder with independent valves, the steam pump to
have a fly wheel or wheel, by preference to which motion is given by the lever
which drives the pumps, or by a connecting rod of the crosshead.

page_text: Instead of the bell crank motion just described, we may drive the pistons off a
rotatory crank shaft having two opposite throws and placed by preference in the
watertight central chamber containing the pump valves, slotted crossheads or con-
necting rods communicato the circular motion of crank shaft to the pistons, which
will be caused to approach and recede from each other, so producing the action of
two double acting pumps, consequently outer cylinder covers only are required.
We prefer to place the pumps horizontally and the steam cylinder vertically
and to support it by the air vessel or vessels. The power of the steam engine is
communicated to the two throw crank-shafts by a crosshead having 2 connecting
rods, which take hold of studs in tho fly wheels keyed to the shaft, the air vessel
being placed over tlie pumps, and the valves and doors draw clear of the fly
wheels. Or we employ one fly wheel with stud and one crank, so that the valves
may be in central chest and be drawn out clear of the crank.
We use either connecting rods and frames or slotted crossheads to communicate
the rotatory motion of the crank shaft to the reciprocating pistons; the steain
cylinder may be horizontal by side of one of the pumps, which may be without
inner covers, the valves placed between the cylinder under the air vessel, which
when removed exposes cranked shaft and valves; there may be two fly wheels, to
one of which the connecting rod of engine is attached by pin.
We sometimes design this combined pump with vertical cylinders, and place an
inverted steam cylinder directly or nearly in a line with, say, the fire pump, and
supported on an air vessel or vessels the other pump is driven off a lever, which
also gives motion to the fly wheel.
We prefer to place the pump valves between the pumps, and to fit the ongine
crank shaft under the lever with a shorter throw than the steam piston.
We sometimes make a combined pump with horizontal steam cylinder, placed
over one of two water-cylinders facing each other; we employ a cranked shaft,
which we fix over one or between the two pump cylinders. Between the pumps
is a lever or levers, to the lower end or ends of which is connected the pump piston
rods which work the pump pistons.
The upper end of the lever or levers is operated by the steam engine. We
prefer to give the crank of crank shaft less stroke than the steam piston when we
give it motion by connecting rod from the lever or levers, but we sometimes work
it direct off the steain cylinder cross-head.
We arrange disconnecting gear to each of the combined steam pumps, so that
either or both piston rods may be thrown out of gear by union nut with jam nut,
pin stud, or key, or other suitable coupling, or each pump may be rendered non-
effective without uncoupling by simply removing the suction valve or valves of
that pump, or by shutting off the suction cock or opening a communication
between the top and bottom ends of the pump.
Another modification of our combined pump consists in arranging a plunger and
annular piston in one cylinder, the plunger to work through the piston with
suitable packing. We connect the steam piston by a rod to a crosshead, to which
is attached a rod for working the plunger and two rods to work the piston, but
we sometimes use a tubular rod for the piston and pass the plunger rod through it;
one set of valves only is required for this combined double action pump.
By suitable coupling, say, as before described, the steam engine can be made to
work either the plunger or piston, or both together, so that the discharging power
of the pump may vary for the purpose before described. We prefer to prolong
the rods of annular piston through the crosshead, so that they may serve as guides
by passing their ends through bushes on steam cylinder, and when these rods are
disconnected then the crosshead will slide on the piston rods. When the annular
piston is disconnected from the crosshead, we keep it stationary by securing the
rods or the piston by suitable mechanism, so that the thrust of water caused by
tlie working plunger is resisted. We use a cranked or plain shaft or shafts with
flywheel or wheels for working the steam valve and controlling the pump, or we
work this form of combined pump by an engine having no rotary motion.

page_text: We may arrange any of the above described pumps to work by means of a
crank shaft in a vertical casing which may form an air vessel, in which case wo
prefer using two bell cranks, one end of which is connected to the piston connecting
rods, and the other ends to a connection from the crank.
Instead of the crank a lever may be used; also a slotted crosshead instead of
connecting rod.
In cases where we wish to lift water from more than 30 feet below deck, or
surface on which that part of pump is fixed that contains the mechanism for
working it, we continue the casing downwards so as to form if necessary a rising
main and connect working barrel with valves to it, the valves being so arranged
that they may all be got at from deck above or below by means of a suitable door
or doors arranged accordingly.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Frederick Philip Preston, John Theodore Prestige, Edwin James
Preston, Edwin William De Rusett, and John Allen Fowler in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 22nd March 1882.
FREDERICK PHILIP PRESTON, JOHN THEODORE PRESTIGE, and EDWIN JAMES
PRESTON, trading under the Firm of Josiah Stone & Co., of High Street, Deptford,
in the County of Kent, Engineers, EDWIN WILLIAM DE RUSETT, of Anerley, in the
County of Surrey, Civil Engineer, and JOHN ALLEN FOWLER, of Deptford, in the
County of Kent, Mechanical Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PUMPS."
Our improvements in pumps include a novel arrangement for pumps in which
we place two barrels opposite each other. Each barrel has a piston and fixed
cover; the pistons are united by a rod or rods passing through the fixed covers.
The pistons are caused to alternately approach and recede from their covers by a
lover or levers which connect to the piston rod or rods by suitable mechanism; we
prefer to enclose all these parts in an intermediate watertight chest which contains
the valves and forms the air vessel, and to which the cylinders are attached. The
power is applied from an external lever or levers to this internal lever by a weigh
shaft passing through suitable packings in the valve chest. We prefer to use four
valves for the two cylinders, also to cast the barrels with solid bottoms, so that
when they are removed from the valve chest the piston's fixed covers with their
packings, if any, and part of the piston rods will be laid bare.
The weigh shaft and internal lever or levers may be either above or below the
piston rod or rods.
Figures 1 and 2 are respectively transverse and longitudinal vertical sections
through a pump of the aforesaid description, and in which the weigh shaft is
arranged above the piston rods. a, a, are the barrels placed opposite each other;
b, b, the pistons; c, c', covers; d, the piston rod passing through the covers c, c²,
which are fixed (or may be cast on) to the intermediate valvo chest f; e is the
lever for moving the pistons and working inside the intermediate watertight valve
chest or casing containing the suction valves g, g', tho delivery valves h, h'; the
lever is fixed on the weigh shaft i, which passes in this case through both sides
of the casting; but it may be made so that it will only pass through one side;
power is applied to the weigh shaft i by a lever or levers on the outer end of the
same.
The action is as follows:-On moving the piston b towards the cover c the
piston 6 moves towards the outer end of cylinder a', when the water is forced out
of the cylinders at one end through the delivery valve h' by the passage h* and
a port, which in this case is arranged in the cover c, drawing in water, and at the
same time through the passage h* and port in the cover c¹ by the suction valve g;
on the return stroke the opposite action takes place, that is, the pistons band bi
forcing the water through the valve h and drawing water in through the suction
valve g¹.
Figures 3 and 4 aro similar sectional views of an arrangement similar to that of
Figures 1 and 2, but with the weigh shaft underneath; the same letters apply to
corresponding parts. The suction valves g, g', aro in this case shewn provided
with a projecting piece 9' which acts as a current director for the water flowing
from the cylinders to the delivery valves; Figure 5 is a vertical cross section of
an arrangement in which the weigh shaft is placed above the piston rods and the
casing cast in one piece; by making the pump in this manner we save weight
and obtain a more compact construction.
We also make these pumps without covers to the inner ends of the barrels when

page_text: the double action is obtained, by causing the pistons to approach and recede from
each other. We employ four valves, or add to their number when necessary.
They are placed in a common watertight chest, by preference central, as just
described, with passages designed to distribute the liquid to the inner and outer
ends in a suitable manner. The pistons are guided on a central bolt or on a tubo
or sleeve on a bolt, so that the bolt may be removed without disturbing the
pistons; the bolt holds the cylinders to a valve chest, or retains the outer covers
in position when so provided.
Motion is given to the pistons by levers brauching in opposite directions off one
or more weigh shafts placed in one line, from which are connecting rods to tho
pistons. An external lever or levers with or without link or links operate on the
weigh shaft or shafts through suitable packings in the central chest before described.
The central bolt may be dispensed with when the pistons are suitably formed so
as to be guided by bearing against the cylinders; they may be also placed out of
line if required.
Figure 6 is a vertical longitudinal section through a pump of the aforesaid
description, in which a, a, are the cylinders; b, b, the pistons; c, c³, connecting
rods jointed thereto and to the lovers d, d'; e is the weigh shaft, or there may bo
one such on each sido; f is a sleove or tube on which pistons slide, and g, the
centre bolt to hold covers in place. The covers y, y', may be made in one with
the barrels a, a', respectively, and form joints with the central portion or valvo
chest of the pump. The valves and passages are not shewn, as Figures 1 to 4 will
serve to illustrate the manner in which they may be arranged.
The action is as follows:-On imparting oscillating motion to the weigh shaft e,
the levers d, d, are moved in opposito directions, forcing before or drawing after
them the connecting rods c, c², with their respective pistons b, b'; supposing for
instance the lever & is moving towards cylinder a, the lover d³ will be moving
towards the cylinder a', and the water from the suction would be entering between
the pistons and be forced out from between them, and the outside covers y, y', and
if the action is reversed the contrary result will occur. If we wish to examine tho
pistons and other interior parts, all that is necessary is to take the nut off the bolt g,
draw out the bolt and the covers (or barrels if so constructed) can be removed, and
the inside is then open for examination.
According to another modification, and in connection with a cylinder having
closed ends, wo fit two or more pistons guided or not, and in between these pistons
and working in the water spaco there are two connecting rods and two levers;
these levers are in connection one with the other, the fulcrum spindle of one passing
through the sides of the chamber in which they work, and connected to the driving
gear outside; the fulcrum spindle of the other lever we prefer to have working on
a pin at the side of tho chamber, but it may also pass from one sido to the other or
through if preferred, or the pump may be worked from that spindle; the valves
for these pumps are four in number, but that number may be increased when thought
necessary; they may be placed at the middle of cylinder, half on one side and half
on the other, or all on one side; they may be of any convenient shape or form,
according to the work they are intended for, the air vessel may be placed on top of
valve box and the chamber containing the bearings for lever spindles made in one
with it.
Figures 7, 8, and 9 shew such an arrangement of pump, Figure 7 being a vertical
longitudinal section, Figure 8 a vertical transverse section, and Figure 9 a plan
section; a, a, are the barrels; b, b¹, the pistons; c, c', the connecting rods; d, d, the
levers; c, e', the spindles or fulcrums; the levers d, d', are connected by a pin p on
the former, and a corresponding slot in the latter; is the air vessel; g, g', suction
valves; and h, h¹, the delivery valves. The action is as follows:-On moving the
lever by means of a lever fixed on the outer end of the weigh shaft e it works
the connecting rod c and the piston b; at the same time the pin p on the lever d
carries the top part of the lever d' with it, causing its lower part with connecting
rod c' and piston b' to move in an opposite direction to the other piston, the air.

page_text: vessel need not be prolonged to the end of each barrel as shewn, but may be carried
upwards instead, sufficiently for the purpose for which it is intended, and the
barrels may be bolted on to the central chamber, as shewn in dotted lines in
Figure 9, and as described in reference to Figures 1 and 2, but without the fixed
covers, which are not required in this case.
In order to get the thrusts of connecting rods central at the pistons, we some-
times make one of the levers double or forked, and also guide the pistons by means
of a rod projecting from one of them working in a tube or casing or guide on the
other, the connecting rods attached to the levers being by preference one above and
the other under the guides.
We sometimes make them with two separate levers, working the pistons
independently of each other, the axles of which may either both pass out on one
side, ono passing through the other, or side by side, or one or either side.
Figures 10 and 11 are vertical longitudinal sections through two such modifica-
tions of Figures 7, 8, and 9, and shewing the way we prefer making the pumps
when both the spindles e and e¹ have bearings on both sides; also the way of guiding
the pistons, the piston b being provided with a tube b* fixed thereto, and the
piston with a rod bx also fixed, and which works within the said tube; the latter
is provided with an air or water escape hole 6. The connecting rods c and c' are
jointed to the pistons and also to the lovers d and d'; the lever d has its fulcrum
at e, and the lever d' at e', the lever d is prolonged up beyond its fulcrum, and is
there fitted with a pin 2, which works in a slot in the lever d.
We also work either of these pumps by rotary motion, by extending the air
vessel sufficiently high to receive and envelope a cranked axle having a connecting
rod which moves the internal lever or levers before described. The cranked axlo
passes through stuffing boxes in the air vessel, so that external power may be
communicated to tho interior of the pump; the weigh shaft of lever or levers need
not be taken through the sides of chamber, but may be altogether insido same. We
sometimes cast the cylinder to the valve chest and fit them with covers on end, or
we bolt the cylinder to the valve chest, and either provide covers in addition or
cast the cylinder with solid bottoms, according to circumstances. Those pumps are
arranged with horizontal, vertical, or inclined cylinders.
Figures 12 and 13 are vertical longitudinal sections showing two such arrange-
ments of pumps, in which fis the air vessel, in which the crank shaft m works,
passing through one or both sides of the same, and may be driven by any suitable
motor or gear. is a connecting rod from the crank to an arm g on the weigh
shaft e, on which is also fixed the lever h, the outer end or pin of which works in
a slot formed in the middle of the length of the piston rod b', which passes through
a stuffing box in each cover.
Figure 14 is a vertical longitudinal section, shewing an arrangement of pump
without inside covers, in which we use two bell cranks; it also shows the way wo
prefer connecting a weigh shaft for driving when we use such instead of a crank
shaft. It also shows the way in which, supposing we want to double the capacity
of the pump, we can do so with very little complication by the addition of two
pistons.
a, a', are the cylinders, which are elongated to take the extra pistons; b, bx, b¹, b¹×,
are the pistons which are connected by the piston rods p and 2¹ respectively to the
lower arms d, d', of bell crank lovers, the other arms d of which are shewn one in
front of the other. The bell crank levers are fixed on the fulcrum pins e, e'; to
the ends of the arms d' are jointed the connecting rods cand c', the upper ends
of which are jointed to the lever on the weigh shaft i. The action is as
follows: On communicating motion to the weigh shaft i, and through weigh shaft
to lever h, connecting rods c, c', and bell cranks d, d², and d', d, the piston rod p
moves in one direction, and the piston rod p¹ in another direction, carrying with
them the pistons b, b¹, and b*, b¹×. Now if the pistons b', bx, were approaching
each other the pistons b, bx, would be moving away towards the ends of cylinders,
creating a vacuum between pistons 6 and 6! and pistons b*, and b¹x, and forcing

page_text: out the water or other liquid between pistons b' and bx, and between pistons b
and bx and end covers of cylinders. On reversing the motion a vacuum will beo
formed between pistons b' and bx, and between ond covers of cylinders and pistons
b and bx, and the water will be forced out from between the pistons b and b' and
bx and blx.
According to another modification we employ two pistons working vertically in
a barrel, on which is a cover which may act as a valve. The pistons approach and
recede from each other and from the cylinder bottom and cover or valve. Wo
prefer to work this pump by the rotary action of a two throw crank shaft, which
may be placed above the cover. To the crank pins we attach connecting rods,
and to theso latter piston rods working side by side and passing through tho
cover.
The piston rods are guided on the bolts, which keep the pump cover in position
(or by cross heads bearing against the sides of barrel, or by other convenient means,
according to circumstances). We employ four valves by preference, with passages
for the water or other liquid cast or formed on the outside of the barrel. We
arrange the valves so that when the doors are removed the internal arrangement
of the pump may be inspected and cleared if choked. Wo prefer to hold the pump
cover in place by lugs from the head cover, so that on the latter being removed
the pump cover will be liborated, and may be drawn out with the pistons and
rods.
We sometimes design this form of pump with the lower piston rod passing
through a hollow rod which works the upper piston.
In this modification we prefer to use connecting rods for communicating tho
rotary motion of a two throw crank shaft to the pistons, as before described.
Sometimes for a long stroke pump we may use the so called kite motion guide, the
upper guide of which may be a steam, air, or water cylinder, or a plain guide. The
usual external wheel or wheels will serve as a fly wheel or wheels, and the pump
may be worked by hand or power.
The
When the cover is used as a valve the valves and general arrangement will be
similar to the before described pump. We sometimes only guide the rod to lower
piston when the aforesaid tubular rod for upper piston (which rod has a longer
connecting rod) is guided principally on this inner rod and in the cover.
bearings or stuffing boxes for the crank shaft may also be wholly in the body of the
pump for working the pump with open head if required. We sometimes arrange
this form of pump so that the seatings of the delivery valves are of sufficient sizo
to pass the suction valves through, when they may be drawn through the water
passages instead of by the doors described.
In cases where we wish to lift water for more than 30 feet below deck or
surface in which that part of pump is fixed that contains the mechanism for
working it, we continue the casing downwards so as to form, if necessary, a rising
main, and connect working barrel with valves to it, the valves being so arranged
that they may all be got at from deck above or below by means of a suitable door.
or doors arranged accordingly.
Figure 15 is a vertical longitudinal, and Figure 16 a vertical transverse section,
through a vertical pump, with two pistons constructed according to this part of
our Invention, and having covers which are held in position by bolts which servo
as guides for the cross heads.
a is the cylinder, and 6 and b¹ the pistons, having piston rods b* and b'x, with
cross heads & and d'; these latter are guided on the bolts e, el, which also serve to
hold down the cover f, through which the piston rods pass in this instance, with
stuffing boxes as shewn; c, c', are the connecting rods which are connected to the
cranks on the shaft g; this latter passes out through stuffing boxes in the air
vessel h. The valves are shewn four in number, and arranged with covers, so that
they can easily be examined or removed, and the interior of the pump cleared as
required.
Figure 17 is a vertical section through the upper part of a similar pump, but.

page_text: shewing a modified mode of arranging the cross head guide e, which also serves to
hold down the cover f; this guide e with its lower end holds down the cover f
while its upper end is itself secured by means of the bolt e*, which is secured to a
lug on the cover f' of the air vessel.
Figure 18 is a vertical section through the upper part of a pump, in which the
piston rod 6x for the lower piston passes through the tubular rod b*, to which the
upper piston is fixed, as will be presently described with reference to Figures 19
and 20.
The connecting rod c¹ for the lower piston is, as will be seen, longer than the
connecting rod c for upper piston. The crosshead d is guided on the bolt which
holds the cover in its place, the same as described with reference to Figures 15 and
16; the piston rod b* for the top piston is guided partly on the piston rod bl* and
partly in the cover f.
Figures 19 and 20 are vertical, transverse, and longitudinal sections respectively
of a pump of this class, in which the piston rods are arranged to work one within
the other, as in Figure 18, but in which the piston rods are continued up into
slotted cross heads or bows d and d', in the slots of which the brasses or blocks gl
of the cranks work.
The valves are arranged somewhat similar to that of Figures 15 and 16, and so
that they can easily be examined and removed.
In Figure 21 we have shewn kito motion arrangement suitable for long stroke..
The arrangement of barrel and piston may be the same as described with reference
to Figures 15 and 16, and 19 and 20, or as will be described with reference to
Figures 22 and 23. The upper rod ends and k¹ are guided in guides 7, which is
arranged in an upper part or continuation of the air vessel, or the said rods may
be continued up into cylinders, and be fitted with pistons or plungers working
therein, for the purpose of driving the pump by steam, compressed air, or other
motive fluid.
Figure 22 shews an arrangement of pump in which the seatings for delivery
valves m and m' are made large enough to admit of the suction valves n and n¹
being passed up through them; and in this view we also shew the pump casing
continued up as a tube or rising main a', to the top of which are fitted the bearings
for the crank shaft g, which in this case is shewn with bows or slotted cross-
heads; or the pumps may be worked by connecting rods or otherwise. Theso
pumps are specially suitable for use on board ship to fix on deck, and where the
water is to be lifted more than 30 feet below the deck.
In Figure 23 is shown a vertical section through a pump having two piston
rods b, b; the former has a clack or other bucket 6 and a piston 62, and the piston
rod bx has a bucket b×1 and piston 6*3. The seating for the delivery valve m is
made large enough for the suction valve n to be passed through, so that all tho
valves can be withdrawn from the upper deck. The construction and mode of
working of the pump is otherwise similar to that described with reference to
Figure 3 in the Specification of Patent 3917 of 1874.
In any of the above described pumps we may use crankshaft or weigh shaft in
connection with connecting rods, or with slotted cross heads.
Another part of our Invention relates to pumps worked by steam or compressed
air engines, and which is intended for use on board ship as a combined fire and
bilge or wreck pump, and which may be carried out as follows:-
We prefer having 2 different sized cylinders for pump barrels, which may be
made in one piece with the valve box in centre and covers at each end, but not in the
middle; in these cylinders there are two or more pistons worked by two levers, the
fulcrum spindles of which are in connection with two levers outside the casing, these
lovers are connected to the ends of rods, the other ends of which are in connection
with the crosshead or other part of a steam engine or other motor.
Figures 24 and 24ª are vertical longitudinal, Figure 25 and 25* horizontal
longitudinal sections, and 20 a vertical transverse section through such a pump;
a. is the larger pump barrel, and a¹ the smaller, the valve box is in the centro

page_text: between them. The passages are as shewn so arranged that the four suction valves
and the four delivery valves are all used, if one or the other of the pumps is dis-
connected. We may thus for low lift or delivery use the large pump a, and for
high lift or delivery the small pump a¹; or both pumps may be used at the same
time for low lift or delivery. The connecting rods c, c¹, are jointed to the
pistons b, b', and to the levers d, d', which are fixed on tho fulcrum spindles e
and c; these are worked by lever on each, and these working levers may be made
to connect with each other and to disconnect from each other.
This part of the arrangement is similar to that described with reference to
Figures 7, 8, and 9.
Figure 27 is a vertical cross section shewing the levers d and d² fixed respectively
on an interior fulcrum spindle e, and on an exterior tubular spindle c', each having
its working lever or arm ex and e¹× which are worked from the cross head by
connecting rods c and c².
The engine for working these pumps may be fixed on the top of pump, tho
upright supports for steam cylinder forming air vessels for pump, or it may be
placed alongside or at one end, or the pump may be placed between the steam
cylinder and crank shaft, and the levers may be worked by means of excentrica or
cranks instead of from the crosshead; if it is required to use it for fire purposes,
all that is necessary to do is to either disconnect one of the side rods, and thus
throw one of the pumps out of gear, or by shifting the ends of the rods in the
levers of pumps further out, thereby reducing the stroke of pump and increasing
the leverage.
Figure 28 is an end view, and Figure 29 a side view of a pump having the
working steam cylinder p fixed on the top of pump, the upright supports g for
stenm cylinder forming air vessels. The pumps a and a³ aro worked by connecting
rods c, c', jointed to the engine crosshead 8, and to levers on the pump's fulcrum
spindles.
In Figures 30 and 31, which are side view and plan respectively, we have shown
the steam cylinder p with other parts of the engine arranged on the side of the
pump, and the weigh shaft t for working the two pump pistons at the one end of
the apparatus, while the engine crank shaft u is arranged at the opposite end.
Figure 32 shows a pumping engine similar to Figure 28, but having the lower
ends of connecting rods c, c', jointed to slotted levers ex on the weigh shafts or
spindles for working the pumps, so that the stroke of pumps or either of them may
be varied as desired.
Figures 33 and 34 are side view and end view of an arrangement in which the
steam cylinder and cross head guide are arranged on the side of the air vessel, and
the crank shaft plummer blocks on one of the pump barrels. Figures 35 and 36
are similar views of an arrangement of pumps combined with a table engine, the
cylinder p with its upper guide being above the pump, and the crank shaft u
intermediate between them, and working the slide valve by bell-crank lever. The
pump levers ex and ex are worked by connecting rods c and c¹ from pins on the
By wheels or cranks discs, the lower ends of the connecting rods taking on to the
samo pins.
In the end view, Figure 37, and side view, Figure 38, we have shown the engine
with a slotted crosshead 8, which is guided between the two air vessels or
supports 9; the pumps are worked from the fly wheel pins, as in Figures 35
and 36.
Figures 39 and 40 are vertical, longitudinal, and transverse sections of an
arrangement in which the steam cylinder is placed above the pump, and in which
either of the pumps may be disconnected from the outside without touching the
interior working gear of pumps, which gear is enclosed in the air vessel forming
the frame. To the crossheads are jointed the two connecting rods v, v², the
bottom ends of which are jointed to the bell crank or weigh shaft levers d, d',
which by the connecting rods c, c², are coupled with the pistons b, bl. The bell
crank levers d, d', are fitted on a part e³ of the fulcrum spindle e, say, of a hexagon

page_text: shape; the inner end of the latter is turned down round to a diameter equal to
the diameter across the flats e² on the spindle e. When the spindle & is pulled out
to the extent of the thickness of the boss on the upper arm of the bell crank d,
the round end part e³ will work free in the hexagon hole through the said upper
arm, while the hexagon part remaining in the hexagon hole through the boss of
the lower arm of the bell crank lever will admit of the pump piston connected
thereto to-be fixed in any position required by means of the lever et outside; the
other piston only will then be worked.
Should it be required to increase the capacity of these pumps without adding
much to the length, all that is required is to add additional pistons, and to increase
the length of barrel and passages necessary for them to work in, as already
described with reference to Figure 14, and without increasing the throw of crank
or length of connecting rods, as in most other engines or pumps, the piston rods
for the back pistons working through the front pistons; thus the front piston rod
of one side would be continued through the front piston of the other side, and
connected to the back piston of that side, and the arrangement would be the samo
in the other pistons.
This Invention includes another modification with two pumps barrels, so arranged
that it may be used either as a high pressure or as a low pressure pump, the former
suitable for fire, and the latter for salvage purposes, or may be used both for fire
and salvage purposes. These pumps may be disconnected from the motivo power
and worked singly. They are worked by one or more steam cylinders. We
sometimes employ the pump described under the first head, and transmit the power
of the steam cylinder to the pumps by a bell crank, but we sometimes fit eacli
pump cylinder with independent valves, the steam pump to have a fly wheel or
wheels, by preference to which motion is given by the lever which drives the
pumps, or by a connecting rod off the cross head. An arrangement like this is
shown at Figure 41, in which each pump barrel has separate valve box (or may
have valve box in common, as described under the first head, with reference to
Figures 1 to 14). p is the steam cylinder; u, the crank shaft; s, the cross head;
c, a connecting rod therefrom jointed to the lever d on the pump weigh shaft c.
Instead of the bell crank motion just described we may drive the pistons off a
rotary crank shaft having two opposite throws, and placed by preference in the
watertight central chamber containing the pump valves. Slotted crosshends or
connecting rods communicate the circular motion of crank shaft to the pistons,
which will be caused to approach and recede from each other, so producing the
action of two double acting pumps, consequently outer cylinder covers only aro
required.
We prefer to place the pumps horizontally and the steam cylinder vertically,
and to support it by the air vessel or vessels. The power of the steam engine is
communicated to the two throw crank shafts by a crosshead having two con-
necting rods, which take hold of studs in the fly wheels keyed to the shaft, the
air vessel being placed over the pumps, and the valves and doors draw clear of the
fly wheels; or we employ one fly wheel with stud and one crank, so that the
valves may be in central chest and be drawn out clear of the crank.
We use either connecting rods and frames or slotted crossheads to communicate
the rotary motion of the crank shaft to the reciprocating pistons. The steam
cylinder may be horizontal by side of one of the pumps, which may be without
inner covers, the valves placed between the cylinders under the air vessel, which
when removed exposes crank shaft and valves; there may be two fly wheels, to
one of which the connecting rod of engine is attached by pin.
In Figure 42 we shew an arrangement in which two slotted cross heads & are
worked from the crank shaft u in the valve box between the two pumps, the
crank shaft passing out through stuffing box at one or both sides, and there
provided with cranks or pins in fly wheels, and connected to the cross head by
connecting rods. The framing in this case forms the air vessel. The pumps are
without inner covers, similar to that in Figure 14:

page_text: We sometimes design this combined pump with vertical cylinders, and placo an
inverted steam cylinder directly or nearly in a line with, say, the fire pump, and
supported on an air vessel or vessels. The other pump is driven off a lover, which
also gives motion to the fly wheel.
We prefer to place the pump valves between the pumps, and to fit tho engine
crank shaft under the lever with a shorter throw than the steam piston.
Figure 43 shows such an arrangement of pumps in which the two pumps cylinders
are arranged vertically and with the valve box and air vessel between them. Tho
steam cylinder p is directly above one pump cylinder, and the other pump cylinder
is worked by double armed lever or beam a, which by a short link is connected to
the cross head 8; the beam also by means of a connecting rod y transmits motion
to the crank shaft u on which the slide valve eccentric is fixed.
We sometimes make a combined pump with horizontal steam cylinder placed
over one of two water cylinders facing each other; we employ a crank shaft, which
we fix over one or between the two pump cylinders. Between the pumps is a lever
or levers, to the lower end or ends of which is connected the pump piston rods
which work the pump pistons.
The upper end of the lever or levers is operated by the steam engine. We
prefer to give the crank of crank shaft less stroke than the steam piston when we
give it motion by connecting rod from the lever or levers, but we sometimes work
it direct off the steam cylinder crosshead.
;
Figure 44 shows such an arrangement in which the horizontal steam cylinder
is placed on the top of one of the pump barrels and the crank shaft u on the top
of the other. From the cross head & motion is communicated by a pin to the
slotted end of a lever d on fulcrum pin e, which also carries a lever d*, a pin on
which works in a slot in the head which couples the pump piston rods b and b'.
Another modification of our combined pump consists in arranging a plunger and
annular piston in one cylinder, the plunger to work through the piston with.
suitable packing. We connect the steam piston by a rod to a crosshead, to which
is attached a rod for working tho plunger and two rods to work the piston.
One set of valves only is required for this combined double action pump. By
suitable coupling the steam engine can be made to work either the plunger or
piston, or both together, so that the discharging power of the pump may vary for
the purpose before described. We prefer to prolong the rods of annular piston
through the cross head, so that they may serve as guides by passing their ends
through bushes placed for convenience on steam cylinder, and when these rods are.
disconnected then the cross head will slide on the piston rods. When the annular
piston is disconnected from the crosshead we keep it stationary by securing the
rods or the piston by suitable mechanism, so that the thrust of water caused by
the working plunger is resisted. We use a cranked or plain shaft or shafts with fly
wheel or wheels for working the steam valve and controlling the pump; or we
work this form of combined pump by an engine having no rotary motion.
Figure 45 is a vertical longitudinal part section, and Figure 46 a part sectional
plan of an arrangement of horizontal steam cylinder p, the piston rod of which is
fixed in a cross-head s and continued as the pump plunger rod, and terminating as
a plunger b which fits in an annular piston b₁; this latter is by rods b¹× also keyed.
or otherwise secured to the cross-head 8, the ends of these rods work in the bushes
or guides p¹. If it be desired to reduce the volume delivered by the pump, and
at the same time to increase the forcing power, all that is required is to disconnect
the piston rods b¹x from the crosshead 8, and to secure them to their guides plso as
to fix the piston, the plunger is then only worked.
Figure 47 is another such arrangement of plunger and piston pump but applied.
to a vertical arrangement. The annular piston is in this case made connectible to
the plunger by means of a rod (or rods) b², the upper end of which passes out
through a stuffing box in the pump cover, and the lower end of which has a small
crank bolt or cam b³ on turning the rod b², so that the cam b³ cuters into the
annular groove or suitable slot 6 in the plunger b, when the piston will be carried

page_text: along up and down with the plunger, but on turning the rod b² the opposite way,
so that the cam b³ enters into the recess formed in the side of the pump barrel, the
piston will be held stationary thereby and the plunger only kept in gear.
Figure 48 is.a vertical, and Figure 48% a horizontal section through a similar pump
in which the rod (or rods) 63 has a crank or pin b³ which works a bolt 65, so that
by turning the rod in one direction or the other the bolt or cam is made to enter
a recess in the plunger or a recess in the inner side of the pump barrel.
To facilitate connecting and disconnecting the annular piston with the plunger
or cylinder we prefer to make the cam or bolt of such a length that the cam or
bolt may enter the slot in the plunger before it has left the slot in the cylinder,
and vice versa.
To retain the rod or rods 62 in the desired position, we sometimes
fit a suitable clip to embrace or bear against one or other side of a bar 6*, as in
Figure 48.
Figure 49 is a vertical, and Figuro 49° a horizontal section through a pump of
similar construction but with flap or clack valves. The form of the cam on the
rod or rods 6 is shewn at Figure 40ª, and is similar to that of Figures 47
and 48.
In Figure 50 we shew the same mode of connecting and disconnecting a
plunger and an annular piston applied to Stones & Co's. patent automaton
horizontal steam pump.
In Figure 51 we have shewn plan of a combined pump composed of two pumps a
rind a', of the construction shewn in Figures 15, 16, 19, and 20, that is, two such pump
barrels with pistons, covers, and other fittings, but with one set of valves in a valvo
box in common for the two, and in this casc placed between the two pump barrels.
p is the steam cylinder and u the crank shaft; motion is transmitted by the tooth
wheel x on the latter to a tooth wheel y fixed on a pump driving shaft y¹, but
capable also of being thrown into fixed connection with a pump driving shaft y*
on the other side. The pumps are worked from the shafts y' and y* by means of
connecting rods, as in Figures 15 and 16, or by means of slotted cross beads or
bows, as in Figures 19 and 20.
We may arrange any of the above described pumps to work by means of a crank
shaft in a vertical casing, which may form an air vessel, in which case we prefer
using two bell cranks, one end of which is connected to the piston connecting rods,
and the other ends to a connection from the crank.
.
Instead of the crank a lever may be used, as shown in Figure 14, also a slotted
crosshead instead of a connecting rod.
We arrange disconnecting gear to each of the combined steam pumps, as already
described, so that either or both piston rods may be thrown out of gear by union
nut with jamb nut, pin, stud, or key, or other suitable coupling, or each pump may
be rendered non effective without uncoupling by simply removing the suction
valve or valves of that pump, or by shutting off the suction cock or opening a
communication between the top and bottom ends of the pump.
And having thus described and ascertained the nature of this Invention, and
mode of carrying the same into effect, we declare that wo claim,-
First. The combination of parts forming the improved pump in which the barrels
of two double or multiacting pumps are placed opposite to one another in
a horizontal or inclined direction, and having a common valve box with one set of
valves and with or without fixed pump barrel covers, and containing the working
gear for actuating the pistons, all arranged and operating substantially as described
with reference to Figures 1 to 14.
Second. The combination of parts forming the improved vertical pump in which
the working gear is enclosed in the air-vossel forming the upper continuation of the
barrel, the piston rods being guided by the means described, and all arranged and
operating substantially as described with reference to Figures 15 to 21.
Third. The adaptation of the pump claimed in the previous claim to be worked
below deck, substantially as described with reference to Figures 22 and 23.
Fourth. The combination of parts forming the horizontal pump in which the

page_text: barrels of two double acting pumps are placed opposite to one another with
intermediate valve chest containing one common set of valves and separate
disconnectable working gear for cach pump fer the purpose of varying the delivery
head or volume, substantially as described with reference to Figures 24, 24ª, 25,
25, 26, and 27.
Fifth. The adaptation of the pumps claimed in the previous claim to be worked
from a steam or other fluid pressure cylinder arranged on the air vessel or alongside
the pump, substantially as described with reference to Figures 28 to 38, also the
modification, substantially as described with reference to Figures 39 and 40, in
which the working gear is enclosed on the air vessel and arranged so that either or
both pumps may be disconnected from the outside.
Sixth. The combination of parts forming the improved steam pump with two
double acting pump barrels arranged and operated from the steam or other fluid
pressure cylinder which is fixed to the air vessel, all substantially as described with
reference to Figures 41 to 44; also the modification, Figure 51, in which the crank
shaft is placed on or by the side of the air vessel, and drives the pumps by wheel
gearing and disconnectable clutches.
Seventh. The combination of parts forming the improved steam pump with
plunger and annular piston which are arranged to be disconnected from each other,
all substantially as described with reference to Figures 45 to 50.
Eighth. The general arrangement and combination of parts, substantially as
described and shewn.
In witness whereof, we, the said Frederick Philip Preston, John Theodore
Prestige, Edwin James Preston, and John Allen Fowler, for ourselves and
on behalf of the said Edwin William De Rusett, have hereunto set our
hands and scals, this Twentysecond day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty two.