IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CYLINDERS OR ROLLERS OF COPPER AND COPPER ALLOY
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Peyton, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF CYLINDERS OR ROLLERS OF COPPER AND COPPER ALLOY."
Sealed the 20th January 1865, and dated the 25th July.1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Peyton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
July 1864.
I, EDWARD PEYTON, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CYLINDERS OR ROLLERS OF COPPER AND COPPER
ALLOY," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in drawing or rolling a tube of copper, or copper
alloy, conical or tapered, both internally and externally, over an iron mandril,
conical on the outside, and that by preference by means of conical grooved
rolls, or conical dies. I afterwards turn off the excess from the outside of the
copper to constitute a copper cylinder ready for engraving and for other uses.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
the said Edward Peyton in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
25th January 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWARD
PEYTON, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-eighth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Edward Peyton, Her special licence that I, the said Edward Peyton,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Edward Peyton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CYLINDERS OR ROLLERS OF COPPER AND COPPER
ALLOY," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Edward Peyton,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edward Peyton, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed,
that is to say:
My Invention refers chiefly to cylinders or rollers used in calico printing,
and those in common use for that purpose are composed wholly of copper or
copper alloy, and are necessarily of great thickness, and consequently very
costly. The object of my Invention is to reduce the cost of copper cylinders
or rollers by using a roller or mandril of iron covered only with copper or
copper alloy.
My Invention consists in drawing or rolling a tube of copper or copper
alloy conical or tapered, both internally and externally, on an iron mandril,

page_text: conical on the outside, and that by preference by means of conical grooved
rolls or conical dies. I afterwards turn off the excess from the outside of
the copper to constitute a copper cylinder ready for engraving and for
other uses.
'The tube of copper must be so tightly fixed upon the iron that the two shall
be as nearly as possible the same as one, because if otherwise the copper would
work loose when the roller was in use, and if not thoroughly supported by the
iron would be liable to indentations, which however slight would destroy the
perfection of the printing, because portions of the patterns would be missed.
The manner in which I carry my Invention into effect is as follows:-I take
an iron cylinder (in practice of cast iron) and turn the outer surface to the
required size, so as to form it tapering for its whole length, as shewn at
Figure 1 in the accompanying Drawing. I then take a copper tube produced
by any known method, and made tapering both inside and outside for its
whole length, see the external elevation, Figure 2; the outside of the iron
and the inside of the copper must be tapered to correspond, but the diameter
of the former is slightly larger than the latter. The effect of fitting the
tapering copper tube upon a tapering iron cylinder is different from stretching
it upon a parallel iron cylinder, because in the former case it is only
stretched by the increasing size of the iron cylinder, which is being gradually
forced further in the direction of the smaller end of the copper tube, and this
does not injure the copper. For the purpose of forcing the copper on to the
iron, I use by preference grooved rollers, as described in the Specification of
Letters Patent, No. 9187, granted to Messieurs Church and Harlow, but I
do not limit myself to such means. In any case there should be two opposing
forces bearing upon the copper, the one internal, being the iron cylinder, the
tendency of which is to enlarge the copper tube, and the other external, the
tendency of which must be to press the copper upon the iron, and which forces
ought to act equally upon the whole length of the copper tube, either by
traversing the whole length during the process (and this I prefer), or by the
force being exerted upon the whole length simultaneously during the process
of drawing or forcing the copper tube upon the iron. As copper expands
greatly with heat and contracts again in cooling, the copper tube may be
heated before drawing it. After the operation of drawing or forcing is
completed I make the conical roller cylindrical by turning. The cylinder is
then ready for being engraved, embossed, or otherwise figured. When used
for calico printing it is keyed or fitted on a mandril in the same manner that
an ordinary copper cylinder is now fixed to a mandril.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what

page_text: manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim, manufacturing
cylinders or rollers with surfaces of copper or copper alloy, by first forming an
iron mandril tapering from end to end, and covering it with a tube of copper
or copper alloy made tapering or conical, both on the inside and outside,
substantially in manner herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Peyton, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-third day of January, One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-five.
Witness,
WILLIAM TAYLOR,
Bordesley Works,
Birmingham.
EDWARD PEYTON. (L.s.)