IMPROVEMENTS IN INTEGRATING APPARATUS AND APPLIANCES CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Imray of No 28 Southampton Buildings Chancery
Lane in the County of Middlesex for an Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN
INTEGRATING APPARATUS AND APPLIANCES CONNECTED THEREWITH com-
municated to him from abroad by Bruno Abdank-Abakanowicz and Cornelius
Roosevelt both of Paris France Engineers
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Imray at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th November 1882.
JOHN IMRAY of No 28 Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane in the County of
Middlesex "IMPROVEMENTS IN INTEGRATING APPARATUS AND APPLIANCES
CONNECTED THEREWITH" [communicated to him from abroad by Bruno Abdank-
Abakanowicz and Cornelius Roosevelt both of Paris France Engineers]
In 1880 B. Abdank Abanowicz, one of the persons communicating this invention,
published a method of effecting integration mechanically by combining a rotateable
cylinder with an inclined disc bearing against it and driving it by frictional
contact as the disc was moved along the cylinder, the amount of rotation thus
imparted to the cylinder being proportional to an integral depending on the
obliquity of the disc and the extent of its travel. This invention relates to
apparatus in which such integrating mechanism either alone or in combination
with reinforcing mechanism is applied for regulating mechanical or electrical
power, and registering its expenditure or for measuring curvilinear areas. One of
the simplest forms of integrating apparatus of the kind referred to consists of a
cylinder mounted free to revolve on a horizontal axis whilst bearing against its
surface is the edge of a disc mounted so that it can swivel on a slide or carriage
which is moved along parallel to the axis of the cylinder. The disc being turned
on its swivel so that its plane lies at various degrees of inclination to the axis of
the cylinder, when the slide carrying it is moved parallel to the axis of the
cylinder or when the cylinder is moved in the direction of its own axis while the
disc slide remains stationary, the cylinder is caused more or less to turn round its

page_text: axis, and this movement communicated by suitable gear to a counter can effect a
registration of the integral, or communicated to a regulator can govern expenditure
of energy.
When the regulator requires considerable force to work it a number of
discs acting together on one cylinder may be employed. One mode of registering
the integral is to employ a transverse slide for carrying the longitudinal slide on
which the disc is mounted, the transverse slide being moved by the cylinder as it
rotates. A style attached to this slide then traces a curve representing the
integral. For regulating an electric lamp the disc is swivelled to various
inclinations by the action of an electromagnet or solenoid while the cylinder is
caused to revolve, and the cylinder being mounted on a slide or carriage holding
one of the carbons of the lamp is moved lengthwise so as to vary the distance of
the carbons to an extent determined by the inclination of the disc to the axis of
the rotating cylinder. As the disc by its frictional contact acts virtually as a nut
engaging as it were in a screw thread on the cylinder, the pitch of this screw being
dependant on the obliquity of the disc, so in some cases an actual nut working in a
thread on the cylinder of fixed pitch, but capable of being disengaged therefrom,
may be employed. The following is one form of apparatus acting in this way,
The cylinder has cut on one part of its length a right handed screw thread and on
the other part of its length à left handed thread. At its side there is a slide or
carriage on which are mounted two electromagnets having their spring armatures
made as part nuts the one suited for the right hand and the other suited for the
left hand thread. When one of the electromagnets is excited it attracts its
armature so that its thread-engages with-the-one-thread-of-the-cylinder-and then
by the rotation of the cylinder the slide or carriage is moved in the one direction.
When the other armature is attracted the movement of the slide or carriage is
reversed. This movement may be applied to work valves, slides or other known
regulating apparatus. In order to reinforce the movements derived from any of
the integrating apparatus above described so as to render them available for
working regulators requiring considerable power, two sets of electromagnets, which
may be arranged in annular form, are employed. The integrating mechanism
brings into circuit a greater or less number of these electromagnets or it may
introduce resistances into their circuits or cut out resistances so as to vary the
attractive forces of the magnets, and their movements subject to these forces which
may be indefinitely increased can be applied to work regulators of any required
kind. For measuring curvilinear areas an integrating apparatus of the following
kind is employed. The cylinder is mounted on a frame which is placed lengthwise
along one axis of the curve and has in its lower part a slide or carriage capable of
moving longitudinally. The disc is mounted on this carriage having its axis on a
radius fitted to slide through a sleeve which itself slides on a bar projecting from
the slide or carriage above mentioned perpendicular to the line of its travel. A
pointer on this sleeve being made to trace the curve thereby giving a longitudinal
movement to the carriage and disc and also varying the obliquity of the disc, the
cylinder is caused to turn round its axis, and the extent of the rotation thus
imparted to it can be read on a graduated scale on the cylinder or connected to it.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the, conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said John Imray in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 18th
May 1883,
JOHN IMRAY of N° 28 Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane in the County of
Middlesex "IMPROVEMENTS IN INTEGRATING APPARATUS AND APPLIANCES CON-
NECTED THEREWITH A communication to me from abroad by Bruno Abdank-
Abakanowicz and Cornelius Roosevelt both of Paris France, Engineers
"
In 1880 B. Abdank-Abakanowicz, one of the persons communicating this
invention, published a method of effecting integration mechanically by combining
a rotatable cylinder with an inclined disc bearing against it and driving it by
frictional contact as the disc was moved along the cylinder, the amount of rotation
thus imparted to the cylinder being proportional to an integral depending on the
obliquity of the disc and the extent of its travel. This invention relates to
apparatus in which such integrating mechanism, either alone or in combination
with reinforcing mechanism, is applied for regulating mechanical or electrical
power, and registering its expenditure or for measuring curvilinear areas. One of
the simplest forms of integrating apparatus of the kind referred to is shewn at
Fig. 1. It consists of a cylinder CC mounted in a frame A B free to revolve on a
horizontal axis whilst bearing against its surface is the edge of a disc r mounted so
that it can swivel on a slide or carriage D which is moved along parallel to the
axis of the cylinder. The disc being turned on its swivel so that its plane lies at
various degrees of inclination to the axis of the cylinder, when the slide D carrying
it is moved parallel to the axis of the cylinder C or when the cylinder C is moved
in the direction of its own axis while the disc slide D remains stationary, the
cylinder is caused more or less to turn round its axis, and this movement com-
municated by a band from a pulley F, or by suitable gear to a counter can effect
a registration of the integral, or communicated to a regulator can govern expenditure
of energy. When the regulator requires considerable force to work it, a number of
discs acting together on one cylinder may be employed. One mode of registering
the integral is to employ a transverse slide for carrying the longitudinal slide on
which the disc is mounted, the transverse slide being moved by the cylinder as it
rotates. A style attached to this slide then traces a curve representing the integral.
Fig. 2 represents an apparatus for this purpose, which may be termed an
integraph." The cylinder C is a magnet having under its poles N and S soft iron
bars GG attached to a cross bar L along which alides a carriage H. This carriage
is fitted also to slide along the bar T which carries the swivel of the disc bearing
on C. As the disc is moved along the cylinder, the cylinder is caused to turn more
or less according as the disc is more or less inclined to the axis of the cylinder. By
the rotation of the cylinder, the bars G, held to it by its attraction, are caused to
move in the direction of their length, and thus a style projecting down from the
carriage H is made to trace a line or curve compounded of the two movements.
In order to find the area of such curve, apparatus which may be termed an
"integrometer" is constructed as shewn by Fig. 3 which is a side view, Fig. 4.a.
plan, Fig. 5 an end view and Fig. 6 a transverse section. On a straight bar having
two end frames A and B are fitted to slide two carriages C and D which can be
set nearer to or farther from one another by a screw pinching a bar T. The
carriage C. supports the swivel of the disc from which a bar F parallel to the plane
of the disc extends to a slide E which is free to move along the perpendicular
bar K and the diagonal bar F varying by its movement the inclination of the disc
to the axis of the cylinder L, which is mounted above. the disc and has the disc
"

page_text: pressed against it by a spring. In determining by this apparatus the area of a
curve, the rule joining A and B is placed in coincidence with one of the co-ordinate
axes of the curve and a pointer on E is made to follow the curve, the disc being
thus made to travel along the cylinder and to make it turn more or less round its
axis a b, according as the disc is more or less inclined. The distance moved over
by a point on the surface of the cylinder multiplied by the distance of K from the
axis of the disc gives the curvilinear area.
The disc may be kept in a fixed position, the cylinder being mounted on a
carriage so as to travel longitudinally over the disc as indicated in Fig. 7.
For regulating an electric lamp the arrangement shewn in Fig. 8 may be
employed. Here the disc D is swivelled to various inclinations by the action of an
electromagnet or solenoid, while the cylinder C is caused to revolve, and the
cylinder being mounted on a slide or carriage holding one of the carbons L of the
lamp is moved lengthwise so as to vary the distance of the carbons to an extent
determined by the inclination of the disc to the axis of the rotating cylinder.
Fig. 9 shews diagrammatically how such a regulator F may be applied to introduce
into a circuit arc electric lamps suitable to the incandescent lamps of the circuit.
The machine M having to supply incandescent lamps Land also other lamps i of
less resistance, the reduction of potential in the current reaching K is such that
there still remains force sufficient for an arc lamp at F. This lamp may be
governed by a regulator as above described so that the sum of the resistances of K
and F is kept constant. As the disc by its frictional contact acts virtually as a
nut engaging as it were in a screw thread on the cylinder, the pitch of this screw
being dependant on the obliquity of the disc, so, in some case, an actual nut
working in a thread on the cylinder of fixed pitch, but capable of being disengaged
therefrom, may be employed. Fig. 10 shews one form of apparatus acting in this
way. The cylinder has cut on one part of its length a right handed screw thread
and on the other part of its length a left handed thread. At its side there is a
slide or carriage on which are mounted two electromagnets having their spring
armatures made as part nuts the one suited for the right hand and the other suited
for the left hand thread. When one of the electromagnets is excited, it attracts its
armature, so that its thread engages with the one thread of the cylinder and then,
by the rotation of the cylinder the slide or carriage is moved in the one direction.
When the other armature is attracted, the movement of the slide or carriage is
reversed. This movement may be applied to work valves, slides or other known
regulating apparatus. In order to reinforce the movements derived from any of
the integrating apparatus above described so as to render them available for
working regulators requiring considerable power, two sets of electromagnets, which
may be arranged in annular form, are employed. The integrating mechanism.
brings into circuit a greater or less number of these electromagnets, or it may
introduce resistances into their circuits or cut out resistances so as to vary the
attractive forces of the magnets, and their movements subject to these forces,
which may be indefinitely increased, can be applied to work regulators of any
required kind. Fig 11 illustrates diagrammatically an electrodynamic reinforcing
apparatus. A and B are two Pacinotti rings, the one of them stationary with its
coils connected to a commutator having brushes capable of being freely moved
round it by a cord from an integrating regulator. As the brushes are shifted, the
position of the poles of the fixed ring is correspondingly altered, and the moveable
ring is thus caused to move with very considerable force, so as to have sufficient
power to work valves or other regulators.
Having thus described the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed as communicated to me by my foreign correspondents,
I claim.:-
First. The apparatus illustrated by Fig. 2 for registering an integral by. tracing a
line or curve.
Second. The apparatus described with reference to Figs. 3, 4, 5 and 6 for integrating
a curvilinear surface.

page_text: ird. The arrangement of integrating apparatus described with reference to
Fig. 8 for regulating the carbons of an arc electric lamp.
urth. The combination of right and left screw threads on a revolving cylinder
with part nuts engaged and disengaged by electromagnets so as to give
movement to a carriage for working a regulator, as described with reference
to Fig. 10.
ith. The method of reinforcing an integrating regulator by causing it to move
the contact brushes of a dynamo electric machine, substantially as described
with reference to Fig. 11.
In Witness whereof I the said John Imray have hereunto set my hand and
seal this eighteenth day of May in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty three.
JOHN IMRAY (L.S.)