Improvements in and connected with Velocipede and other Wheel Tyres.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Mar., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 30th Dec., 1895-Accepted, 1st Feb., 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with Velocipede and other Wheel
Tyres.
I, HARRY TEE, of 31 Castle Street, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention has reference to tyres of velocipede (or other wheels) and rims,
generally called pneumatic tyres; that is, tyres consisting of outer annular walls
beld on or to the rim, and wherein air under pressure greater than that of the
atmosphere is employed within same, and providing both elasticity and resiliency.
The invention has for its object to provide tyres and rims of simple, cheap, and
effective form or construction, and wherein, also, full resiliency and flexibility or
elasticity are afforded; and it consists substantially of tyres or tyres and rims,
formned or constructed, as hereinafter explained, without enlarged or bulbous edges,
wires, or metal parts, on the cover, and rims without dove-tail annular recesses,
grooves or other analogous formations, as generally used in connection with tyre
covers having such enlarged or bulbous parts, wires, or other devices: that is to say, the
cover consists of a simple band of endless form without, bulbous parts, wires, or other
metal rings, hooks, or the like, at its edge, as a means of holding it in position,
it having at its edges, or edges and other parts, simple canvas or analogous material
without (or having little) stretch, the diameter within the edges being less than
that of the edges of the rim; while the rim is a simple or plain deep trough
section, without dovetail recesses, annular grooves, or analogous recesses, hooks,
or other attaching ineans, for holding, or assisting in holding, the cover in or
on the rim, or by which parts of the cover fit or engage to assist in holding the
cover in or on the rim.
The cover which in most cases will have rubber on its outer surface-is placed
in position in or on the rim with its edges of stretchless canvas or equivalent
material within the rim edges a certain distance; and is inflated or extended by an
air tube or bladder within, which is charged with air under pressure to the required
degree. In some cases one of the edges of the cover is cemented to the rim, access
to the interior of the tyre being had, when the tyre is deflated, by removing the
other edge from the rim in the usual way.
In some cases, the canvas or other material, which keeps the tyre in the proper
form when inflated, in lieu of being in one piece (which however it may be if
desired), is built up in such a manner, that while the practical stretchless charac-
teristic of the edges (or one edge) is preserved, the other portion extending between
the edges is preferably so formed, as to give the shape, or approximate shape, to
the cover, which it receives when the tyre is inflated by the air with which it is
charged under pressure, and by which no undue tension of the cover, or its form
retaining part, takes place when it is inflated. In one case, this is effected by
splitting transversely the canvas or like material at a number of points, and
providing above the openings so formed, canvas-which prevents the air tube
extending through the apertures thereby made-either as a separate band covering
said parts, or by separate pieces covering them, or in any suitable way. In
another case, strips of canvas, tape, or the like, may be placed side by side and
fastened to and held by the stretchless edges by solution, stitching, or other
suitable means, the edges being wrapped round the canvas or like stretchless rings,
or in between plies of same, or folded between same, or secured in other suitable

page_text: manner. A modified mode of obtaining this result is by weaving the material into
the desired arched circular form of the same stretchless character throughout, as
regards longitudinal or peripheral extension.
Dated this 27th day of March 1895.
CHEESBROUGH & ROYSTON, Fels. Chart. Inst. P.A.,
15 Water Street, Liverpool, Applicant's Patent Agents.
Improvements in and connected with Velocipede and other Wheel
Tyres.
I, HARRY TEE of 31 Castle Street, Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:―
This invention has reference to tyres of velocipede (or other wheels) and rims,
generally called pneumatic tyres; that is, tyres consisting of outer and inner annular
walls held on or to the rim, and wherein air under pressure greater than that of
the atmosphere is employed within same, and wherein both elasticity and resiliency
are provided.
The invention has for its object to provide tyres and rims of simple, cheap, and
effective form or construction, and wherein, also, full resiliency and flexibility or
elasticity are afforded; and it consists substantially of tyres or tyres and rims,
formed or constructed, as hereinafter explained, without the usual enlarged or bulbous
edges, wires, or metal parts, on the cover, and rims without dove-tail annular
recesses, grooves, or other analogous formation, as generally used in connection
with tyre covers having such enlarged or bulbous parts, wires, or other devices :
that is to say, the cover consists of a simple band of endless form without bulbous
parts, wires, or other metal rings, hooks, or the like, at its edge, as a means of
holding it in position, it having at its edges, or edges and other parts, simple
canvas or analogous material without (or having little) stretch, the diameter within
the edges being less than that of the edges of the rim; while the rim is a simple
or plain deep trough section, without dovetail recesses, annular grooves, or analogous
recesses, hooks, or other attaching means, for holding, or assisting in holding, the
cover in or on the rim, or by which parts of the cover fit or engage to assist in
holding the cover in or on the rim.
The cover which in most cases will have rubber on its outer surface-is placed
in position in or on the rims with its edges of stretchless canvas or equivalent
material within the rim edges a certain distance; and is inflated or extended by
an air tube or bladder within, which is charged with air under pressure to the
required degree. In some cases one of the edges of the cover is cemented to the
rim, access to the interior of the tyre being had, when the tyre is deflated, by removing
the other edge from the rim in the usual way.
In some cases, the canvas or other material, which keeps the tyre in the proper
form when inflated, in lieu of being in one piece (which however it may be if
desired), is built up in such a manner, that while the practical stretchless charac-
teristic of the edges (or one edge) is preserved, the other portion extending
between the edges is preferably so formed, as to give the shape, or approximate
shape, to the cover, which it receives when the tyre is inflated by the air with
which it is charged under pressure, and by which no undue tension of the cover, or
its form retaining part, takes place when it is inflated. In one case, this is effected
by splitting transversely the canvas or like material at a number of points, and
providing under or above the openings so formed, canvas,—which prevents the air
tube extending through the apertures thereby made either as a separate band

page_text: covering said parts, or by separate pieces covering them, or in any suitable way.
In another case, strips of canvas, tape, or the like, may be placed side by side and
fastened to and held by the stretchless edges by solution, stitching, or other suitable
means, the edges being wrapped round the canvas or like stretchless rings, or in
between plies of same, or folded between same, or secured in other suitable manner.
A modified mode of obtaining this result is by weaving the material into the desired
arched circular form of the same stretchless character throughout, as regards
longitudinal or peripheral extension.
My invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings; and the different
figures representing the tyre, and some modifications of the canvas or textile base
of the outer cover, I will now describe.
Figure 1 shews a cross section of the complete tyre. In this figure, a generally
designates the outer cover, the inner rubber inflating tube or bladder, and
c the rim.
The outer cover consists of two parts, a canvas or textile base d, and an outer
covering e of rubber, rubber compound, or the like. The canvas or textile base d
is made up of two parts, namely, the edges d', and the main intervening portion
between such edges. The edges d' are of stretchless or practically stretchless
manufacture or make, and are perfectly pliable, while the portion between them
may consist of ordinary canvas or material commonly used in pneumatic tyres.
In Figure 1 the stretchless pliable edges d' are comprised of the natural selvage
edge of canvas d, and a double binding of practically inelastic or stretchless_tape
or banding, such for instance as is commonly used by upholsterers and dressmakers,
the tape or binding being of a suitable texture. This double edging is secured to
the main body of the canvas d by stitching, or by rubber solution cement, and
stitching. The whole of this textile base is made in cross section in the form of
an arch, say on a suitable "former" corresponding to a large degree in shape and
size with the tyre when inflated, so that it naturally takes more or less to such
degree, the form shewn ; that is to say, naturally the edges will be of one diameter,
viz. that adapted to fit in the rim, whilst the centre and outer parts will be of
greater diameter.
The rim c, as shewn by the figure consists, as will be seen, of a simple or plain
deep annular channel or trough, the depth being sufficient to enable the edges to
descend into the bottom thereof, when the edges at the opposite side is being taken
out. However, if desired, the rim c at the base may be stepped in or narrowed as
shewn in the dotted line.
By constructing a tyre with a cover as described, having the pliable and stretch-
less textile edges, and with a plain rim as specified, all difficulties in the getting of
the outer cover out of and into the rim, for repairing etcetera, are obviated, and a
simple, cheap, durable, and an efficient pneumatic tyre is afforded.
In some cases, one of the edges of the outer cover d may be fastened, say by
rubber solution, to the rim c; in which case, of course, access to the inner tube
could always be obtained by taking the other edge of the cover out of the rim.
As regards the modifications shewn in Figures 2 to 5, by which the textile base d
is given or afforded the form of an arch in cross section as described, that in Figure 2
consists of canvas d slit laterally at intervals as represented by the openings d*, .
the slits extending from points at either end a small distance from the stretchless
pliable edges d'. This part of the cover will therefore consist of transverse bands,
practically extending between the stretchless pliable edges d', and these bands
take the transverse strain due to the air within the tyre. The strain in the
peripheral direction is taken by the peripheral strip dx1-which may be fastened to
the canvas d by rubber solution-which fills up or covers the spaces made by the
openings or slits d*, and keeps the inner tube d from extending through such
openings.
The textile cover base shewn in Figure 3, consists of tape or banding taken
backwards and forwards in zigzag form-the layers crossing each other diagonally
as shewn and held together by the stretchless banding or tape d'in the manner

page_text: shewn in Figure 1, or Figure 6, or Figure 8. The outer covering of india-rubber
to this textile base, as well as that described with reference to Figure 2, is applied
when such base is in the desired form, as when on the "former" above referred to,
as by so applying it, it holds all the parts of the canvas or textile material of
which the base is made in the desired and fixed positions. The textile base or
covering shewn in Figures 4 and 5 consists of single piece of material, the portion d
consisting merely of wefts suitable strength and thickness (there being no warps in
this part of the material), and of two thicknesses thereof placed one upon the
other, the wefts crossing each other as shewn; while the edges d' are made up of
these wefts, and of warps of hard or tight spun threads, and the warp and weft
being hard and tight woven so as to render the edges practically stretchless. In
Figure 5 this double material is shewn made in one piece doubled one upon the
other, with the edges (which would be selvedges) turned in, and sewn or bound
together. Of course the crossing diagonal arrangement of the wefts of the
portion d is effected by placing one half of the material on the other, in the manner
shewn. When the textile material is arranged as shewn in Figure 5, the outer
covering of rubber e is applied. In this case, or in any case herein described, if
desired, to give a specially smooth interior, such interior may be provided with a
thin lining of rubber or rubber compound, or rendered smooth by rubber in any of
the well known ways.
The two forms or constructions of textile base shewn in Figures 7 and 8
illustrate modes or forms of pliable stretchless edges d¹. In the first, the stretchless
edge is made by making the selvedge edge of the canvas of double thickness; and
in this case the warps at the edge are made of suitable stretchless hard and tight
spun thread, the edge being hard and tight woven; while in the second case, the
base can be made up of the two folds of material, and between them at the edges
there is introduced a stretchless piece of banding or material such as above
referred to.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The improved wheel tyre, consisting of an outer cover a, comprising a textile
foundation or base with stretchless pliable edges as described; a rim consisting of
a plain annular channel within which the said edges lie; and an inner inflating tube
or bladder substantially as herein set forth.
2. The tyre consisting of the outer part or cover, rim, and inflating tube, made
and operating particularly as herein specified and as shewn in the drawings hereto
annexed.
Dated this 27th day of December 1895.
CHEESBROUGH & ROYSTON,
15 Water Street, Liverpool, Applicant's Patent Agents.