Improvements in Revolvers and other Breech-loading Small-arms.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 18th Dec., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 13th Feb., 1890-Accepted, 3rd May, 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Revolvers and other Breech-loading Small-arms.
I, EDWINSON CHARLES GREEN, Gun & Revolver Maker, 87 High Street, Chelten-
ham, Gloucestershire, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows
My invention for improvements in breech-loading revolvers refers to an improved
lock mechanism, also a method of securely bolting the barrel & breech action of
same, also a method for preventing the fouling of the cylinders of revolvers, also ⟫
plan for lightening revolver & rifle barrels, also to covering the handles of revolvers
with cork or similar material.
To securely lock the barrels & body together of what are known as drop-down
revolvers, "which are fitted with a dove-tailed top projection breech support,"-I
form on the inside of the vertical part of my link fastening lever, two raised bosses
one on each side-corresponding recesses are cut in the rear sides of the revolver
frame, a pin is fitted through the lever link fastening & the frame to hold it in
position.
On the upper part of the lever link is formed a projection, which when the
hammer is down is made to abut on or over the top or head of the revolver
bammer, so that until the hammer is half cocked, the breech cannot be opened.
Or, instead of the foregoing, a projecting stud can be left on the head of the
hammer, and a corresponding recess for it formed in the head of the link lever
fastening, or a stud can be formed on the lever link fastening, & a corresponding
hole for its reception formed in the head of the hammer.
This form of lever link support can also be made on revolvers fitted with re-
bounding locks, but when so preferred. I use that form of double-action half-
cocking lock which cannot rebound while the trigger is held back; the revolver
can only be fired by the head of the hammer passing underneath the top bar of the
lever link, thereby more securely locking the revolver during each discharge than can
be done when the lever is not supported by the hammer, but so soon as the trigger
is released the hammer rebounds, & the breech is left free to be opened.
To open with one motion my revolver with an ordinary lock, I'mount on the pin of
the link fastening a suitable thumb-piece, & upon its being pressed down, the upper
or link part is drawn back, & the barrel left free to be opened at the breech.
In either case this lever link fastening can be made self-closing by the aid of a spring,
or the spring can be dispensed with.
For the lock-work of what are known as hammerless revolvers, I mount in the
head of the revolver, a revolving striker head, shaped with suitable grooves, & fitted
with a guide actuated in the customary manner by a spring and trigger. In front
of the striker head, & in connection with it, a ratchet or stud formed collar head is
carried through the face of the action, & is made to engage in or against suitable
recesses formed on the rear of the cylinder, so that when the lock is cocked, the
cylinder is made to rotate by the studded collar, & held in position during the firing
of the cartridge.
I make this lock a double-action one by the aid of a sear & an outside cocking
arm, on which the tumbler of the lock is mounted, & by the aid of a suitable rod,
one end being mounted underneath & against the main spring, & the other carried
forward to the trigger or cylinder lifter, enables me to dispense with a separate sear
or trigger spring, & I make the lock rebounding by the aid of a separate spring
acting upon the trigger or striker head, or by the aid of the mainspring acting
upon either, or a separate arm, or by lengthening the lower part of the mainspring.
so as to make it rest on the trigger or its lifter, the trigger both rod & sear spring

page_text: can be dispensed with. Upon the outside cocking lever being pulled, the mainspring
is compressed, bringing the lock to full cock, or by pulling the trigger only, the
lock is full cocked, & carried beyond its turn, & so forces the inside rotating striker-
head forward to deliver its blow on the cartridge, & at the same time hold in position
either the link or bolt, of the breech fastening.
Or, instead of the foregoing form of breech fastening, I fit in a hole which I form
in the head of the frame, & against the top projection of the frame, also through the
rear of the barrel projection, either an oblique or a vertical bolt, capable of motion.
This bolt is made self-acting by the aid of a spring. A projecting thumb-piece is
formed on the side of this bolt, or a separate thumb lever can be fitted to operate it,
& when preferred a sliding self-acting stop is fitted to lock the vertical or oblique bolt,
& prevent it being withdrawn until the slide is pushed back.
The barrel of the revolver is hinged to the forward part of the frame in the customary
manner, & upon pressing down the thumb-piece of the bolt, the barrel & cylinder can
be tilted & made free for loading, or ejecting the discharged cartridge cases; upon
closing the breech, the bolt is forced upwards by the spring in the hole formed in
the rear of the barrel projection, thereby securely locking the barrel and frame
together.
The hammer is conveniently arranged in connection with the bolt so that it is
impossible to fire the revolver unless the holt is in its secure position, also when
preferred, I fit a stop catch to keep the bolt down when the revolver is open for
loading.
I make the revolver so that it can be cocked in the customary manner by the trigger,
also by the hammer in the centre of the frame, or by a lever mounted on the side of
the revolver.
By this latter plan, the lock mechanism is better preserved from the effects of out-
side fouling.
To prevent the cylinder of my revolver from becoming foul or difficult to rotate
after firing, I shape the central forward end of the cylinder where it is mounted on
the centre rod, either concave or inclined.
As an additional precaution, I also form on the centre rod spiral grooves, & drill
one or more holes in the base of the barrel, whereby at the moment of discharge the
gas & residuum of the cartridge may be deflected, & the fouling of the revolver
avoided.
As a further protection to the efficient use of my revolver from the insidious effects
of sand & dust, I. fit a leather or metal cover over the cylinder & barrel, which when
preferred can be retained on the revolver during the act of firing.
When it is desirable to make revolver or rifle barrels light, & retain their maximum
amount of strength, 1.form the outsides in a polygroove shape.
With the object of giving a firm grip to my revolver, & prevent its slipping tin
the hand when being fired, I fit on the handle a covering of cork or similar
material.
.Dated this 16th day of Doramas 1940
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Revolvers and other Breech-loading Small-arms.
EDWINSON CHARLES GREEN Gun & Revolver Maker, 87 High Street Cheltenham
Gloucestershire do hereby declare the nature of my-invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN
REVOLVERS & OTHER BREECH-LOADING SMALL ARMS and in what' manner the same
is to be performed, be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
My invention has reference to what are known as drop-down breech-loading
hammer and hammerless revolvers, & consists of the arrangements or combination of
parts as hereinafter described for securely locking together the barrels and breech or
frame of revolvers and pistols.

page_text: Also to a simple form of hammerless revolver lock.
Also to a method for preventing the cylinder from being fouled during the discharge
of the said revolvers.
And to the use of cork on the handle of revolvers to give a firm grip to the user.
To securely lock the barrels and body together of what are known as drop-down
revolvers, which are fitted with a dove-tailed top projection breech support, I form on
the inside of the vertical part of my lover link fastening, two raised bosses,
Fig. A 1-1; corresponding recesses are cut in the rear sides of the revolver frame,
Fig. B & B 2-2.
A pin is fitted through the lever link fastening & frame to hold it in position,
Fig. A & B-3.
On the upper part of the lever link is formed a projection, Fig. A & B 4-4–4,
which when the hammer is down is made to abut on or over the top or head of the
revolver bammer 5, so that until the hammer is half or full cocked, the breech cannot
be opened.
Or instead of the foregoing plan of lever link support, a projecting stud is formed
on the head of the hammer 6, Fig. C, and a corresponding recess formed for it in the
head or cross bar of the link lever fastening 7, or a stud can be formed on the lever
link top bar DS, and a hole formed for its reception in the head of the lammer, or a
recess is formed underneath the lever link, Fig. B 8, into which the head of the
hammer engages before the revolver can be fired.
These forms of lever link supports can also be fitted on revolvers which are pro-
vided with rebounding locks, but when so preferred, I use that form of half-cocking
lock which cannot rebound while the trigger is held back, similar to the lock arrange-
ment shown in Fig. B. The revolver can only be fired after the head of the hammer
has passed underneath the top bar of the lever link and acting as a support or
locking arrangement thereto-thereby more securely locking the revolver during each
discharge than can be done when the lever is not supported by the hammer; as soon,
however as the trigger is released the hammer rebounds, & the breech is left free to
be opened.
To open with one motion my revolver with an ordinary lock (not rebounder) I
mount on the pin, 3, of the link fastening a suitable thumb-piece Fig. D 9, & upon its
being pressed down the upper or link part is drawn back & the barrel left free to bo
opened at the breech. In either case this lever link fastening can be made self-closing
by the aid of a spring, or the spring can be dispensed with.
For the lockwork of what are known as hammerless revolvers, I mount in the
frame of the revolver, a revolving centre-rod, operated by the hammer, shaped with
suitable grooves, Fig. F 10, & fitted with a guide actuated in the customary manner
by a spring and trigger. In front of the striker head and in connection with it, a
ratchet or stud formed collar head, 11, is carried through the face of the action, & is
made to engage in or against suitable recesses formed on the rear of the cylinder, so
that when the lock is cocked, the cylinder is made to rotate by the studded collar, 11,
& held in position during the firing of the cartridge. I make this revolver a double-
action one by the aid of an outside cocking arm, 12, mounted on a tumbler hammer.
In other respects the lock work is of the customary revolver pattern.
Or instead of the foregoing A & B form of breech fastening, I fit in a hole formed
in the head of the frame, & against the vertical top projection Fig. E 13, of the
frame, also through the rear of the barrel projection, either an oblique or vertical bolt,
capable of motion, Fig. E 14. This bolt is made self-acting by the aid of a spring, 15.
A projecting thumb-piece is formed on the side of this bolt, 16, or a separate thumb-
piece can be fitted to operate it, also when preferred a sliding self-acting stop is fitted
to lock the vertical or oblique bolt, & so prevent it being withdrawn until the slide is
pushed back.
The barrel of the revolver is hinged to the forward part of the frame in the
customary manner 18-18, & upon pressing down the thumb-piece 16-16, of the
bolt, the barrel & cylinder can be tilted, & made free for loading, or ejecting the dis-
charged cartridge cases; upon closing the breech the bolt is forced upwards by the

page_text: TE
spring 15 into the hole formed in the rear of the barrel top projection, thereby more
securely locking the barrel & frame together, 19.
The hammer is conveniently arranged in connection with the bolt so that it is
impossible to fire the revolver unless the bolt is in its secure position; also when
- preferred, I fit a stop catch to keep the bolt down when the revolver is open for
.loading.
I make the revolver so that it can be cocked in the customary manner by the
trigger, also by the hammer, in the centre of the frame, or by a lever mounted on the
side of the revolver; by this latter plan the lock mechanism is better preserved from
the effects of outside fouling.
To prevent the cylinder of revolvers from becoming foul or difficult to rotate after
firing, I shake the central forward end of the cylinder where it is mounted on the
centro rod either concave or inclined, 20-20.
As an additional precaution, I also form on the centre rod spiral grooves, & drill
one or more holes near the base of the barrel 21-21, whereby at the moment of dis-
charge the gas and residuum of the cartridge may be deflected, & the fouling of the
revolver avoided.
As a further protection to the efficient use of revolvers from the insidious effects
of sand and dust I fit a leather or metal cover over the cylinder & barrel, which when
preferred can be retained on the revolver during the act of firing.
When it is desirable to make revolver or rifle barrels light, & retain their maximum
amount of strength, I form the outsides in a polygroove shape.
With the object of giving a firm grip to my revolver, & prevent its slipping
- in the hand when being fired, I fit on the handle a covering of cork or similar
material.
Having thus particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, I would have it understood that while I do not confine myself to the precise
details herein before described, what I claim substantially as novel is
Firstly. The combination of the head of the hammer, or a projection thereon,
passing underneath when down, and abutting against a part of the top bar of the
lever link, or a projection thereon.
Secondly. The method by which-by the aid of the vertical bolt-the barrel and
breech of revolvers are securely bolted.
Thirdly. A shell or covering of leather or metal to protect revolvers from becoming
clogged by sand or dust.
Fourthly. The ratchet or stud-fronted grooved centre rod with the hammerless
lockwork, combined for the purpose of revolving the cylinder.
Fifthly. Covering the handle of revolvers with cork.
In witness whereof, 1 the said Edwinson Charles Green have hereunto set my
. 1900