IMPROVEMENTS IN GRAPHOSCOPES
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles John Rowsell, of Wallbrook, in the City
of London, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN GRAPHOSCOPES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles John Rowsell
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 29th May 1874.
I, CHARLES JOHN ROWSELL, of Wallbrook, in the City of London,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMROVEMENTS IN
GRAPHOSCOPES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to improvements in the instrument known as
the graphoscope, whereby it is rendered equally suited for viewing
through the graphoscope or stereoscope lense transparent pictures or
objects (which require a dark medium) as well as opaque pictures or
objects, and the Invention consists in the application of a collapsible
camera to the instrument in such a manner that it may be adapted for
the one or the other purpose with the greatest facility.
The collapsible camera is preferably attached to the easel which
supports the picture or object to be viewed, and is made extensible or

page_text: collapsible in the longitudinal direction of the instrument, so that it may
readily be distended between the easel and the lens for viewing trans-
parent pictures.
When extended for viewing transparencies, the one end of the camera
would be closed by the easel, and the other by the lens and frame, but &
owing to the direction in which the camera is collapsible it may be
used both with the graphoscope and stereoscope lens, and presents no
obstruction to the adjustment of the easel to suit the focus of either.
The collapsible camera is preferably attached permanently to. the
casel (which is made box-like to receive it), and when extended is 1
attached by suitable connections to the lens frame; it is also preferably
made of slightly tapering form, so as to occupy less space when collapsed
and used for opaque pictures or objects. "
For viewing transparent pictures a reflector is hinged at the back of
the easel, which may be white or colored to produce the desired effect. 1
The transparent views are fitted in a frame or slide placed in grooves in
the cagal
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Charles John Rowsell in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 28th November 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
JOHN ROWSELL, of Walbrook, in the City of London, send greeting.
"
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria; by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of May, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-
seventh year of Her reign, did, for Hèrself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Charles John Rowsell, Her special
licence that I, the said Charles John Rowsell, my executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Charles John
Rowsell, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed; should and lawfully might
'make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention

page_text: for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GRAPHOSCOPES," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Charles John Rowsell, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and scals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles John Rowsell, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
My Invention relates to improvements in the instrument known as
the graphoscope, whereby it is rendered equally suited for viewing
through the graphoscope or stereoscope lens transparent pictures or
objects (which require a dark medium) as well as opaque pictures or
objects, and the Invention consists in the application of a collapsible
camera to the instrument in such a manner that it may be adapted for
the one or the other purpose with the greatest facility.
The collapsible camera I prefer to attach to the easel which supports
the picture or object to be viewed, and is made extensible or collapsible
in the longitudinal direction of the instrument, so that it may readily
be distended between the easel and the lens for viewing transparent
pictures.
When extended for viewing transparencies, the one end of the camera
would, be closed by the casel, and the other by the lens and frame, but
owing to the direction in which the camera is collapsible it may be
used both with the graphoscope and stereoscope.lens, and presents no
obstruction to the adjustment of the easel to suit the focus of either.
The collapsible camera I also prefer to attach permanently to the
easel (which is made box-like to receive it), and when extended is
attached by suitable connections. to the lens frame, and preferably I make
it of slightly tapering form so as to occupy less space when collapsed
and used for opaque pictures or objects.
For viewing transparent pictures.a reflector is hinged at the back of
the easel, which may be white or colored to produce the desired effect.

page_text: The transparent views are fitted in a frame or slide placed in grooves in
the easel.
Having thus far particularly described and ascertained the nature of
my said Invention, and in general terms stated in what manner the same
is to be performed or carried out in practice, I now in order to further
and fully comply with the said condition in the said Letters Patent con-
tained will proceed to particularly describe and ascertain in what manner
the same is to be performed or carried out in practice by referring to the
accompanying Drawings as follows:-
Figure 1 is an elevation of my improved graphoscope adapted for
viewing transparent pictures.
Figure 2, elevation of my improved graphoscope adapted for viewing
opaque pictures.
A is stand, to which is hinged part B. At one end of part B is
easel C hinged to part c, which is made to slide in a groove formed in B,
and to this easel C is attached the collapsible camera D. E is opening
for the admission of the transparent picture to be viewed, and F is
reflector; G is lens frame, in which is secured the lens for viewing
transparent pictures. This frame G is hinged to part H, same being
secured to frame B. I is frame carrying lens for viewing opaque
pictures, as in Fig. 2, same being fitted to the pillars J, and constructed
so as to admit of the lens being slid up or down, as required, said pillars
being hinged to frame B at b; K is stand for holding the opaque
picture.
Figure 1 shows my arrangements for viewing transparent pictures. It
will be seen that the collapsible camera D is extended and attached to
the lens frame G by catch g, which passes through openings in the
frame a of camera, and holds same to the frame G. The picture to be
viewed is passed into opening E, and the reflector is open to the required
degree for reflecting the light on to the picture.
Figure 2 shows the arrangement of viewing the opaque pictures, and
in this case the camera is closed up into the casel, simply serving as
easel, as shown; the reflector is also closed, and a frame K inserted in
the casel for holding the picture. The lens frame G is turned down,

page_text: and the lens I for viewing opaque pictures is turned up into position,
being adjusted to the hight required. The picture is put on part e,
and the observer views same through the lens fitted in frame I.
When stereoscopic pictures are being viewed, the lens frame with
pillars is turned down under part B, and secured to under part by
button.
The arrangements shown in Figure 1 represent the arrangements
specially for viewing stereoscope pictures, but should one picture be
required to be viewed and not those of the stereoscopic kind then I use in
place of the lens in frame G the large single lens in frame I in Figure 2,
and attach to the frame of the lens the collapsible camera, as in the case
of that shown in Figure 1, so that when it is desired to view a stereoscopic
object the collapsible camera is attached, as in Figure 1, but when used
for viewing single pictures the collapsible camera is attached to the
single lens shown in Fig. 2.
The easel is so constructed that it can be adjusted to suit any focus
required.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature and
object of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed or carried out in practice, I hereby declare that I claim the
herein described Invention of "Improvements in Graphoscopes," in
which said Invention the special point is that either opaque or trans-
parent pictures may be viewed in one and the same instrument.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles John Rowsell, have here.
unto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of November
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
four.
CHARLES JOHN ROWSELL. (L.S.)
Witness,
T. MORGAN,
Secretary,
Inventors' Patent Right Ass". Limited,
21, Cockspur Street, S.W.