IM- THE MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF LUBRICANTS OR SOFTENERS, AND THE APPLICATION OF THE SAME TO THE TREATMENT OF WOOD PROVEMENTS
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alexander Bonar Fleming, George Vair Turn-
bull, Christian Salvesen, Merchants, Robert Irvine, Chemist, and
Robert Craig Maclagan, Doctor of Medicine, all of Leith, in the
County of Mid Lothian, North Britain, for the Invention of "IM-
LETTERS PATENT to Alexander Bonar Fleming, George Vair Turn-
bull, Christian Salvesen, Merchants, Robert Irvine, Chemist, and
Robert Craig Maclagan, Doctor of Medicine, all of Leith, in the
County of Mid Lothian, North Britain, for the Invention of “IM-
THE MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF LUBRICANTS OR
SOFTENERS, AND THE APPLICATION OF THE SAME TO THE TREATMENT OF
WOOD"
PROVEMENTS IN
Sealed the 15th August 1871, and dated the 31st May 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alexander Bonar
Fleming, George Vair Turnbull, Christian Salvesen, Robert Irvine,
and Robert Craig Maclagan at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 31st May 1871.
We, ALEXANDER BONAR FLEMING, GEORGE VAIR TUrnbull,.
CHRISTIAN SALVESEN, Merchants, ROBERT IRVINE, Chemist, and
ROBERT CRAIG MACLAGAN, Doctor of Medicine, all of Leith, in the
County of Mid Lothian, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of

page_text: our said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PREPARA-
TION OF LUBRICANTS OR SOFTENERS, AND THE APPLICATION OF THE SAME TO THE
TREATMENT OF WOOL," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture and employment of
mixtures or compounds composed of the heavy oil obtained from the
distillation of shale, cannel coal, or petroleum, (and commonly known
as heavy oil, blue oil, or green oil,) either in a crude state, as known in
the market by those names, or purified by the usual processes and then
known as refined lubricating oil, in conjunction with the herein-after
mentioned substances for the purpose of preparing wool for combing,
carding, or spinning.
In carrying out our Invention we take such animal, vegetable, fatty,
and oily matters as are mixible with the oil obtained from shale, coal,
or petroleum, as also rosin, Canada balsam, colophine, and many gums
and gum resins, such for example as "icica," and effect the combination
of one or more of these with the lubricating oil before referred to, in
about the proportion of from five to ten per cent. by weight to the
amount of lubricating oil employed, which combination when added to
water holding one or more of the alkalies or of any of the alkaline salts
in solution will mix with the same and form an emulsion.
We would observe, that instead of employing the fatty and oily
matters as they naturally occur, they being combinations of fatty acids
and glycerine, we prefer to employ the fatty acids themselves, either
separate or combined; for example, oleic acid may be employed with
lubricating oil so as to form an emulsion with water holding in solution
an alkali or an alkaline salt. In practice we find that from five to
ten per cent. of such fatty matters, more especially the fatty acids, are
sufficient to render the lubricating oil mixible or capable of forming
an emulsion with water containing in solution an alkali or an alkaline
salt.
It is important to the success of this Invention that great care be
taken not to employ an excess of such alkali or alkaline salts, as when
this is the case the soapy matter formed at once separates as a thick
curdy mass, as is a well-known fact in soap manufacture.
•
The lubricating oil containing any of the before-mentioned substances
or mixtures of the same being added to an alkaline solution as described

page_text: will form an emulsion, which emulsion is to be employed for the
lubrication and treatment of wool in a manner similar to that in which
the ordinary lubricants are now employed in the treatment of wool.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Alexander Bonar Fleming, George Vair Turnbull,
Christian Salvesen, Robert Irvine, and Robert Craig Maclagan, in
the Great Seal Patent Office on the 30th November 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we,
ALEXANDER BONAR FLEMING, GEORGE VAIR TURNBULL, CHRISTIAN
SALVESON, Merchants, ROBERT IRVINE, Chemist, and ROBERT CRAIG
MACLAGAN, Doctor of Medicine, all of Leith, in the County of Mid
Lothian, North Britain, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirty-first day of May, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the 34th
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto us, the said Alexander Bonar Fleming, George Vair Turn-
bull, Christian Salvesen, Robert Irvine, & Robert Craig Maclagan,.
Her special license that we, the said Alexander Bonar Fleming, George
Vair Turnbull, Christian Salvesen, Robert Irvine, and Robert Craig
Maclagan, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
we, the said Alexander Bonar Fleming, George Vair Turnbull, Christian
Salvesen, Robert Irvine, and Robert Craig Maclagan, our executors,
administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF LUBRICANTS OR SOFTENERS, AND THE
APPLICATION OF THE SAME TO THE TREATMENT OF WOOL," upon the condition
(amongst others) that we, the said Alexander Bonar Fleming, George
Vair Turnbull, Christian Salvesen, Robert Irvine, and Robert Craig
Maclagan, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under our hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said In-

page_text: vention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
:
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Robert Irvine and Robert Craig
Maclagan, on behalf of ourselves and of the said Alexander Bonar
Fleming, George Vair Turnbull, and Christian Salvesen, do hereby
declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, that is to say :-
1
This Invention relates, first, to the manufacture and employment of
mixtures or compounds composed of the heavy oil obtained from the
distillation of shale, cannel coal, or petroleum and commonly known as
heavy oil, blue oil, or green oil, either in a crude state, as known in the
market by those names, or purified by the usual processes, and then
known as refined lubricating oil, in conjunction with rosin, Canada
balsam, colophine, and the like, for the purpose of preparing wool for
combing, carding, or spinning.
"
In carrying out this first part of this Invention we take such animal,
vegetable, fatty, and oily matters as are mixible with the oil obtained
from shale, coal, or petroleum, as also we take rosin, Canada balsam,
colophine, and many gums and gum resins, such, for example, as
"isica," and effect the combination of one or more of these with the
lubricating oil before referred to in about the proportion of from
5 to 10 per cent. by weight to the amount of lubricating oil employed,
which combination when added to water holding one or more of the
alkalies or of any of the alkaline salts in solution, will mix with the
same, and form an emulsion.
It may be observed that instead of employing the fatty and oily
matters as they naturally occur, they being combinations of fatty acids
and glycerine, we prefer to employ the fatty acids themselves, either
separate or combined; for example, oleic acid may be employed with
lubricating oil so as to form an emulsion with water holding in solution
an alkali or an alkaline salt. In practice it is found that from 5 per
cent. to 10 per cent. of such fatty matters, more especially the fatty
acids are sufficient to render the lubricating oil mixible or capable of
forming an emulsion with water containing in solution an alkali or an
alkaline salt.

page_text: It is important to the success of this Invention that great care be
taken not to employ an excess of such alkali or alkaline salts, as when
this is the case, the soapy matter formed at once separates as a thick
curdy mass, as is a well-known fact in soap manufacture.
This Invention relates, secondly, to the manufacture and employment
of a mixture, solution, or compound consisting of crude or refined
resin oil, in conjunction with rosin, gum, fatty acids, or fatty sub-
stances or compounds, for the purpose of preparing certain fibrous
substances, such as wool, jute, hemp, or flax, for heckling, carding, and
spinning.
In carrying out the second part of this Invention the mixture may
be employed in the following manner :-A certain proportion of either
of the oils last above mentioned is to be employed and subjected to heat
in any suitable vessel, and when so heated there is to be added to it
rosin or resin, commonly known as rosin or colophene "
gum, thus,"
fatty acids, such as margaric, stearic, and oleic acids, or any fatty
compound containing these substances, either in a free or combined
state, or we may allow the crude or refined rosin oils to digest upon the
substances to be incorporated or dissolved therein in the cold. In apply-
ing the above compound or mixture so manufactured it may be either
employed alone or mixed with water holding in solution either ammonia,
potash, or soda, or any alkaline salt of these bases in varying pro-
portions, in which case an emulsion or soapy mixture is obtained which
has the property of suspending the oil in the water and producing a
lubricating fluid suitable for the treatment of fibrous substances previous
to heckling, carding, or spinning the same.
It is preferred to employ the following proportions of materials in the
manufacture of the said lubricant, videlicet, about 90 per centum of oil
with about 10 per centum of rosin or mixtures of rosin, with one or
more of the other before-mentioned materials, but this Invention is not
confined or limited to such proportions.
In the preparation of the emulsion before mentioned it has been
found that the following proportions give satisfactory results, videlicet,
about ten or twenty per centum of the lubricant prepared as herein-
before described with from eighty to ninety per cent. of water holding
alkalies or alkaline salts in solution. If desired there may be added
to the fluid or emulsion so prepared such substances as compounds

page_text: of alumina, tin, titanium, or ammonium, so as to avoid the risk of
spontaneous combustion.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of our
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or
carried into effect, we would observe, in conclusion, that what we consider
to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured
to us by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,―
First. The preparation and the application of lubricants or softeners
composed of animal, vegetable, fatty, and oily matters, together with
those oils which are known as heavy oils obtained from the distillation
of shale, oannel coal, or petroleum, and also with rosin, Canada balsam,
colophine gums, gum, resin, or mixtures of the same, so that when such
combinations are added to water containing one or more of the alkalies
or of any of the alkaline salts in solution, they will mix with the same
and form an emulsion, substantially as and for the purposes herein-before
set forth.
Second. The preparation and the application of lubricants or softeners
composed of resin oil in conjunction with resin, gum, fatty substances,
or compounds, so that when such combinations are added to water
containing one or more of the alkalies or of any of the alkaline salts
in solution they will mix with the same and form an emulsion,
substantially as and for the purposes herein-before set forth.
In witness whereof, we, the said Robert Irvine and Robert Craig
Maclagan, have to this our Specification set our hands and seals,
the Twenty-ninth day of November One thousand eight hundred
and seventy-one.
ROBERT IRVINE.
(L.S.)
R. CRAIG MACLAGAN, M.D. (L.S.)
ROBERT IRVINE.
(L.S.)
R. CRAIG MACLAGAN, M.D. (L.S.)

page_text: ried 4ТЫП тагои лота.
SHALL COME, we,
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS
ALEXANDER BONAR FLEMING, GEORGE VAIR TURNBULL, CHRISTIAN
SALVERSEN, Merchants, ROBERT IRVINE, Chemist, and ROBERT CRAIG
MACLAGAN, Doctor of Medicine, all of Leith, in the County of
Mid Lothian, North Britain, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Royal
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirty-first day of May, One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-one, No. 1451, did, for Herself, Her heirs
and successors, grant unto us, the said Alexander Bonar Fleming,
George Vair Turnbull, Christian Salvesen, Robert Irvine, and Robert
Craig Maclagan, Her special license that we, the said Alexander Bonar
Fleming, George Vair Turnbull, Christian Salvesen, Robert Irvine, and
Robert Craig Maclagan, our exccutors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as we, the said Alexander Bonar Fleming, George Vair
:

page_text: Turnbull, Christian Salvesen, Robert Irvine, and Robert Craig
Maclagan, our executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and the Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF
LUBRICANTS OR SOFTENERS, AND THE APPLICATION OF THE SAME TO THE
TREATMENT OF WOOL," upon the condition (amongst others) that we,
the said Alexander Bonar Fleming, George Vair Turnbull, Christian
Salvesen, Robert Irvine, and Robert Craig Maclagan, by an instrument
in writing under our hand and seal, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent :
And whereas we, the said Alexander Bonar Fleming, George Vair
Turnbull, Christian Salvesen, Robert Irvine, and Robert Craig
Maclagan, by an instrument in writing under the hands and seals
of the said Robert Irvine and Robert Craig Maclagan, did declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and caused the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the Thirty-first day of May One thousand eight hundred and
seventy-one :
And whereas since the filing of the said Specification we have
discovered that the Invention secondly described and claimed in the
said Specification has been inserted therein entirely by mistake, and
has no reference to the Invention intended to be protected by the said
Letters Patent, which is fully and particularly described and claimed in
the parts of the said Specification firstly described and claimed, we
therefore desire to disclaim the parts of the said Specification secondly
described and claimed.
` NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Alexander Bonar Fleming, George
Vair Turnbull, Christian Salvesen, Robert Irvine, and Robert Craig
Maclagan, by and with the leave of Her Majesty's Attorney-General,
and for the reason aforesaid, do alter the said Specification by striking

page_text: separate or combined; for example, oleic acid may be employed with
lubricating oil, so as to form an emulsion with water holding in solution
that
A
an alkali or an alkaline salt. In practice it is found from five per cent.
to ten per cent. of such fatty matters, more especially the fatty acids,
are sufficient to render the lubricating oil mixible or capable of forming
an emulsion with water containing in solution an alkali or an alkaline
salt.
It is important to the success of this Invention that great care be
taken not to employ an excess of such alkali or alkalino salts, as when
this is the case the soapy matter formed at once separates as a thick
curdy mass, as is a well known fact in soap manufacture.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of our
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or
carried into effect, we would observe in conclusion that what we consider
to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to
us by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,-
First. The preparation and the application of lubricants or softeners
composed of animal, vegetable, fatty, and oily matters, together with
those oils which are known as heavy oils, obtained from the distillation
of shale, cannel coal, or petroleum, and also with rosin, Canada balsam,
colophine, gums, gum resin, or mixtures of the same, so that when such
combinations are added to water containing one or more of the alkalics
or A any of the alkaline salts in solution they will mix with the same
and form an emulsion, substantially as and for the purposes herein-before
set forth.
of
In witness whereof, we, the said Alexander Bonar Fleming,
George Vair Turnbull, Christian Salvesen, Robert Irvine, and
Robert Craig Maclagan, have hereunto set our hands and seals,

page_text: To the Commissioners for Patents for Inventions.
I hereby grant my fiat, giving leave to the above-named Petitioners
to file in the Great Seal Patent Office, with the Specification to
which the same relates, the above-written Disclaimer.
Temple,
March 26th, 1872.
J. D. COLERIDGE.