Improvements in Dough Kneading Machines.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd Apr., 1892
Complete Specification Lett. 17th Jan., 1893-Accepted, 25th Mar., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Dough Kneading Machines.
GEORGE SAMUEL BAKER of the firm of Joseph Baker & Sons 58 City Road,
London E.C. Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
The object of my improvements consist in so constructing dough kneading
machines as to ensure more thorough admixing of the material treated, to keep the
material clear of the sides of the drum thereby diminishing friction and to lessen
the labour of the attendant. To this end I employ a drum formed of metal or
other suitable material mounted upon trunnions which also carry part of the
gearing by which I effect the objects set forth. On either side within the drum
revolve when operated by suitable gearing, two mixing arms of peculiar shape, so
constructed as to force the material treated towards the centre of the drum. The
arms upon one side of the drum revolve in the same direction which is reverse to
that of those upon the opposite side, if required however, suitable gearing enables
the four arms to all revolve in the same direction. An advantageous feature of
my invention consists in providing the main driving pulley with a friction clutch
operated by a cramp screw. By. this means I am enabled to dispense with one
pulley and by means of a pinion keyed to the hub of said driving pulley and
engaging with a second motion wheel operated by a friction clutch I obtain a
slower speed.
In order to tilt the drum when the kneading operation is complete
and enable it to discharge its contents, I fit the same with a rack operated by
friction wheels and worm gearing driven by the belt and controlled by a hand lever,
with additional arrangements for tilting by hand if required.
Dated April 22nd 1892.
FRANCIS M. ROGERS,
Agent.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Dough Kneading Machines.
I, GEORGE SAMUEL BAKER, of the firm of Joseph Baker & Sons, 58 City.
Road, London, E.C. Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:—
The object of my improvements consist in so constructing dough kneading
machines as to ensure more thorough admixing of the material treated, to keep the
material clear of the sides of the drum, thereby diminishing friction and to lessen
the labour of the attendant. To this end I employ a drum formed of metal or
other suitable material mounted upon trunnions which also carry part of the
gearing by which I effect the objects set forth. On either side within the drum
revolve when operated by suitable gearing, two mixing arms of peculiar shape so
constructed as to force the material treated towards the centre of the drum. The
arms upon one side of the drum revolve in the same direction which is reverse to
that of those upon the opposite side, if required however, suitable gearing enables
the four arms to all revolve in the same direction. An advantageous feature of
my invention consists in providing the main driving pulley with a friction clutch
operated by a cramp screw. By this means I am enabled to dispense with one
pulley and by means of a pinion keyed to the hub of said driving pulley and
engaging with a second motion wheel operated by a friction clutch, I obtain a
n

page_text: slower speed. In order to tilt the drum when the kneading operation is complete
and enable it to discharge its contents, I fit the same with a rack operated by
friction wheels and worm gearing driven by the belt and controlled by a hand lever
with additional arrangements for tilting by hand if required.
To enable my invention to be better understood I will now proceed to describe
the same by means of the accompanying drawings, in which :-—'`
Fig. 1. is a front elevation.
with additional arrangements for tilting by hand if required.
To enable my invention to be better understood I will now proceed to describe
the same by means of the accompanying drawings, in which :--`
Fig. 1. is a front elevation.
Fig. 2. is a side elevation.
Fig. 3. is a plan.
Fig. 4. is a vertical section of friction clutch.
Fig. 5. is a diagramatic view of the principal gearing.
Fig. 6. is a plan and side view of hollow mixing arm.
Fig. 7. is a plan and side view of plain arm.
Fig. 8. shews in plan and elevation detail of V shaped friction clutches employed
in tilting the drum.
Fig. 9. is a diagramatic view of gearing on left hand side of machine.
1, is the drum which is mounted upon trunnions or the like 2, 21 and supported
by shafts 2 passing through them and seated in bearings 3, in the cast iron
frame 4, this frame I prefer to make of hollow shape thereby securing strength
with lightness, moreover, I am enabled thereby to form the bearings as well as
cover up some parts of the driving gear. On either side within the drum
mounted upon coned spindles 6, 61 (see Figs. 6 & 7.) are the hollow and plain
mixing arms 5, 51, these generally revolve in the same direction upon one side
of the drum; which however, is reverse to that of those upon the opposite side.
Each spindle 6, 6' also carries and is actuated by a spur pinion 7, 7' (see Fig. 5)
to which motion is imparted by means of driving pinions 8, 81, which are mounted
upon a feather sunk in shaft 2", which passes through the trunnions 2, 2. Each
pair of pinions 7, 71 as well as the two driving pinions 8, 81 are protected by
a metallic covering 9, 91 on either side of the drum. Keyed to shaft 2" passing
through the trunnions 2, 2' are the spur wheels 10, 10'. Motion is conveyed to
these two wheels first, by means of the enclosed pinion 11ª (see Fig. 5) and
pinion 11, keyed to first motion shaft 12, which revolves in bearings 13, 13' upon
either side of frame 4. The shaft also carries the single main driving pulley 14,
and is fitted with a friction clutch 15, operated by hand wheel 16, and also a
pinion 17, which is keyed on the hub of pulley 14, and gears with spur wheel 18.
This wheel is also fitted with a friction clutch and is mounted upon a second motion
shaft 19, revolving in bearings 20, 20' formed in or mounted upon both frames.
Shaft 19, also carries pinion 21, which engages when the friction clutch upon the
second motion shaft is in gear, with the pinion 22, engaging with 11 which gears
with trunnion wheel 101. Slow motion is imparted to the mixing arms 5, 5' upon
the opposite side of the drum by pinion 21' on shaft 19, which gears with pinion 11*1
and trunnion wheel 10. (see diagram Fig. 9.) while the fastest motion is conveyed
to mixing arms 5, 51 by pinion 11, engaging with 11" which gears with 22, this
latter causing pinion 21 to drive shaft 19 on which on the opposite side of frame.
is clutch pinion 21¹ this pinion engages with 11 driving wheel 10.
To enable the drum to be tilted so as to receive or discharge its contents it is
fitted with a circular screw rack 23. A worm wheel 24, mounted in bearings 25,
upon the inner side of frame and at right angles to it is actuated by means of a
pair of nitre pinions 26, 26' (see Fig. 8) the latter of which is keyed to shaft 27,
mounted in bearings 28, within the frame and carrying the spur pinion 29, and
V shaped friction pulley 29¹. The pinion 29 gears into a spur driving pinion 30,
mounted on shaft 31, which passes through a bearing 32, formed in or mounted
upon the frame a hand wheel 32' is keyed to this shaft. It will be readily under-
stood that by turning this hand wheel to the right or left hand the drum 1, can be
turned over as see dotted lines Fig. 2, or can be made to occupy any other position.
The drum may also be tilted by power as follows. Upon spindle 33, mounted in
eccentric bearings 34, formed in or secured to the frame is a pinion 35, which

page_text: receives motion from wheel 18, on shaft 19, spindle 33, also carries a V shaped
friction pulley 36, which engages with friction pulley 291 and with a friction
pulley 37, mounted upon a spindle 38, which also carries a spur wheel 39, engaging
with the pinion 29, forming part of the hand gear. When the lever 40, pivoted.
to the framing at 41, and connected by the rod 42, with the forked lever 43,
attached to the eccentric bearings 34, is depressed, the friction pulley 36, is raised
and forced into contact with friction pulley 29¹. The belt (see Figs. 2 & 3) or
its equivalent will now transmit the power required through pinion 17 wheel 18
and pinion 35, thereby turning the drum into the position for emptying its contents.
When on the other hand lever 40 is raised, friction pulley 36 is disengaged from
friction pulley 29¹ and engages with friction pulley 37, thereby restoring the drum
to the vertical position or that most suitable for recharging. If the lever 40 is
brought to the central position friction pulley 36, is disengaged from both 29¹
and 37 and the trough is stationary. The construction of the friction clutches
mounted on shafts 12, 19, will be readily understood by reference to the detail.
shewn in Fig. 4. The driving pulley 14, and spur wheel 17, keyed thereon are
loose upon shaft 12, at the end of which a screw thread 44, is cut. The cone 45,
is carefully turned to fit a corresponding recess 46, in pulley 14. In the hub 45',
of cone 45, which is mounted loosely but slides upon a feather 46¹ on shaft 12, is
cut a channel 47, this hub 45' passes within a recess formed in hand wheel 16, which
is run upon the screw thread 44, cut upon the end of shaft 12, and is prevented
from coming off by a nut 48, two screws 49 pass through the wall of recess in
wheel 16, and pass into the channel 47, on the hub 45¹ of cone 45. By turning the
hand wheel in one direction the cone 45 is withdrawn from the recess in driving
pulley 14, and by turning it in the reverse direction the pulley 14, and wheel 17,
is coupled to the shaft 12, this description applies equally to the coned clutch
mounted upon shaft 19. A collar 54, pinned on to shaft 12 & 19 prevents the
pulley 14, from altering its position when the cone 45 is withdrawn.
The operation of my invention is as follows:-Flour and water in suitable pro-
portion or the other material to be kneaded are put into the trough and the machine
put in action. The coned clutch coupling upon pulley 14, is put in gear in the
manner just described, while that upon wheel 18, mounted on shaft 19, is thrown
out. The mixing arms 5, 5¹ are now driven at their highest rate of speed from the
gear actuated by shaft 12, the wheel 18 running loose on shaft 19. As however,
the material becomes plastic more power can be obtained by disconnecting pulley 14,
from the shaft 12, and putting wheel 18, into gear, thereby augmenting the power.
When both couplings are disengaged the pulley 14, runs free, but motion being
conveyed through pulley 14, pinion 17, wheel 18, and pinion 35, the trough can be
tilted whether the mixing blades are in motion or at rest by suitably operating
lever 40. It is occasionally convenient to reverse the motion of one set of blades
for instance, those at A. In this case a clutch pinion 50 running loose on shaft 12,
and gearing with 11 which drives wheel 10, is made to engage with the other part
of clutch 51, sliding on a feather thereon, which reverses the motion of the train,
when clutch 50' connected to pinion 21¹ and operating in a similar manner is thrown
out; and vice versa. The clutch pinions may be operated by a lever 52, 53', pivoted
as shewn or by a similar device. I may also if more convenient replace the cone
clutches on wheels 14, 18, by clutches of this type.
I lay no special claim by itself to the reversing friction gear described more
particularly under Fig. 8, since that forms part of the subject matter of an earlier
Patent, but I prefer to employ it for the purposes described in carrying out my
invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In a machine for kneading dough as described the particular combination and
m

page_text: 2. In a dough kneading machine as described the particular method of mounting
the drum or trough upon trunnions through which the shafts 2* mounted in bearings
as described and which rotate the mixing blades 5. 5' by means of pinions 7, 71, 8¹
pass.
3. In a dough kneading machine constructed as described in Claim 2. mounting
said mixing blades upon coned spindles 6 6' in the way and manner described. .
4. In a dough kneading machine as described the particular combination and
arrangement of interacting parts whereby whether the mixing blades are in action
or at rest, the trough can be tilted either by hand gear, or power substantially in
the way and manner described.
5. In a dough kneading machine as described the use and employment of a
single driving pulley fitted with a coued or slipping clutch for the purposes
described.
6. In a dough kneading machine constructed and operating as described the use
and employment of the slipping clutches and pinions on shafts 12, 19, for obtaining
reverse motion.
•
LAL 1000
FRANCIS M. ROGERS,
Agent.