IMPROVEMENTS IN PUBLIC CARRIAGES, AND VARIOUS PARTS OF THE SAME, WHICH PARTS MAY BE USED SEPARATELY AND APPLIED TO VEHICLES OF ANY DESCRIPTION
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Uriah Scott, of Camden Town, in the County of
Middlesex, Civil Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PUBLIC CARRIAGES, AND VARIOUS PARTS OF THE SAME, WHICH PARTS MAY BE
USED SEPARATELY AND APPLIED TO VEHICLES OF ANY DESCRIPTION."
Sealed the 14th November 1856, and dated the 14th May 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Uriah Scott at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th May
1856.
I, URIAH SCOTT, of Camden Town, in the County of Middlesex, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE
MENTS IN PUBLIC CARRIAGES, AND VARIOUS PARTS OF THE SAME, WHICH PARTS
MAY BE USED SEPARATELY, AND APPLIED TO VEHICLES OF ANY DESCRIPTION," to be
as follows:-
First. My improvements in omnibuses is as follows:-I thus construct and
arrange my seats, which I place right and left, but facing all towards the
front, and placing each consecutive seat sufficiently raised above and beyond
the one behind to give the ordinary space required by each passenger as at
present provided; thus the flooring of the vehicle at the entrance shall not
exceed from four to seven inches from the ground, and from thence shall
form an incline of about two to four inches to each foot of length, which may
be graduated by steps or not, as thought proper; and this elevation will also
admit of considerable increase in the height of the front wheels. Each seat
will have its own window, and by a high back and side arm will be wholly

page_text: disconnected and separate from the adjacent ones, while the traversing
passage will be wholly free for ingress or egress.
Secondly. I will now proceed to describe the method in which I construct
the various bearings. To begin with the axle, which consists of two parts, onc
the inner and the other an outer, or wearing tube or case, of the size required
but disconnected from the inner or main shaft by a layer of india-rubber,
felt, or other suitable material, of about or of an inch in thickness, and
secured from any liability to turn or twist by the construction of the adjacent
parts. To proceed to the axle box and nave: when the ordinary metal box is
retained, I would vary the ordinary smooth bore to a corrugated shape, thus
reducing the wearing surface and friction; if, however, a greater degree of
ease is required, I employ felt or other similar material for lining of the
bearings for the axle. In case of the axle bearings of railway carriages, I
employ this same material, or compressed earthenware, cushioned on india-
rubber or felt, or other suitable materials, or otherwise attached to the
adjacent parts without any intervening clastic substance.
Thirdly. My improvements in wheel or turn plates, which I make con-
siderably larger than at present, and the upper and lower plates are to be
connected by inverted side clips instead of a bolt, so as to admit of one wheel
being used in front, and admitting the wheel to work up through the centre of
the wheel plate.
Fourthly. My improvements in naves of wheels consists of making a shell
of malleable iron or other material and lining it with wood, to key the axle
box in, and covering the outside of this shell with india-rubber, felt, wood, or
other suitable material; I then place over this my bed to receive the spokes ;
I then fix a cap on the end to keep the bed in its place.
Fifthly. My periphery of the wheel, if made of iron, I employ angle-shape;
the spokes to be attached to the same by means of lugs or sockets; on and
around this tire I may or may not use a second tire, with india-rubber or
felt, or with both combined, intervening, and secured by screws or bolts from
the inner or outer tire, holding into metal sockets or nuts introduced into
the elastic material.
Sixthly. My springs for the front will vary from the ordinary elleptic by
being made semicircular, taking their bearing as usual at their extremities
within V-shaped sockets, and keyed india-rubber, or felt, or other suitable.
material.
:
Seventhly. My hind spring consists of isolating the upper and lower spring
from each other by bands of leather, felt, or other suitable material. First, I
make a dumb spring or steel spring of the usual shape; I make lugs at the

page_text: two ends, and some distance from them, towards the centre of the spring; 1.
fix two more lugs; I then fix a band of leather, felt, or other material securely
to the lugs by bolts or shackles; I then take a spring that will be sufficiently
long to bear on the centres of the bands fixed on the first spring; .then
secure it to the bands by bolts, shackles, or other suitable contrivance; in case
only a single spring is used, I fit up two ends of springs, similar to the first,
with bands to form scroll irons or bearings to single springs; the springs can
be used both behind and in the front, if required, for all descriptions of
carriages.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters, Patent, filed
by the said Uriah Scott in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 14th
November 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM. THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, URIAH
SCOTT, of Camden Town, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letter's
Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the nineteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Uriah Scott, Her special licence that I, the said Uriah Scott,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Uriah Scott, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland;
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PUBLIC CARRIAGES, AND VARIOUS PARTS OF THE SAME, WHICH PARTS MAY BE USED
SEPARATELY, AND APPLICABLE TO VEHICLES OF ANY DESCRIPTION," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Uriah Scott, executors, or adminis.rators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands 'and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause' the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
=
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Uriah Scott, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to::be

page_text: performed, to be particumy, described as
statement:-
First. My improvements consist in omnibuses, by placing one seat behind
another, so that each passenger shall have a separate seat,, with a projection
in front, and a displacement at the side for high wheels.
F Secondly. My improvements consist of combining felt or india-rubber with
metal or earthenware in making bearings and axles, so as to isolate them and
prevent. vibration..
Thirdly. My improvements consist in making the fore part of a carriage
with a large wheel or turnplate, and semicircular springs, so as the wheel
can work up through the centre, and to use only one wheel in front of a
carriage.
Fourthly. My improvements consist in making the wheels, and the various
parts in combination, with felt, india-rubber, or similar material, to make them
clastic.
Fifthly. My improvements consist of making springs in combination with
felt, leather, and metal, so as to prevent noise or rattling in them, and also.
scroll irons and shackles.
Now, in or fully to describe and ascertain the nature of my said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I have annexed illustrative"
Drawings, which are herein-after referred to by the words, figures, and letters
following.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Sheet 1 Fig. 1 is a section of my spring, with felt, leather, and metal
combined. a, the steel spring; b, b, the dumb spring; c, c, the lugs; d, d,
the leather bands; e, e. e, e, the felt round the bolts to prevent them cutting
the leather bands; ff, shackles to fix steel spring to; g, g, felt to line
shackle with; h, h, nuts and bolts to fix shackles to the leather bands.
Fig. 8 is a side view of a part of a spring when used as a scroll or spring
the duinb; b, the leather band; c. the shackle; 1, steel spring.
Fig. 9 is a side view of a shackle when a cross spring is used. (1.9 the spoon
shackle; b, the felt; c, the plain shackle.
iron.
(0,
a.,
Fig. 2 is a section of a carriage axle, with felt, india-rubber, or other'
material combined with metal, to prevent rumbling, and making them elastic.,
the axle shaft; b, b, the soft material; c, c, c, the axle case to wear in the
box and preserve the elastic material; d, d, the corrugated axle box; e, the
washer; the nuts; g, the pin. Fig. 10 is a section of the elastic axle as
applied to railway carriages, a, the axle shaft; b, b, the elastic material; cc,

page_text: the metal case; d, the screw.. Fig. 11 is au cud view. c, the case; the
screw. Fig. 12 is a section of a railway axle bearing; which is made in two
parts, with felt or india-rubber between to isolate them from each other; a, a,
the two parts of the bearing; b, b, the felt.
-
Fig. 3 is a section of my elastic tires for wheel, the metal sockets to
hold the spokes; b, b, bolts or screws to fix the sockets to tire or fellow, which
I make of iron; c, c, c, inner and outer tire; d, d, felt or india-rubber, or the
two combined plates inserted in india-rubber, with screens to attach
the elastic material to the inner and outer tire; the centre block represents the
method when two tires are used, and the strip of rubber on the right shews
the plan when only one tire is required, then the elastic material is next the
ground.
Fig. 4 is a section of an elastic nave. a, a, mortice beds to hold the
spokes;,, metal case; c, c, wood lining to fix the axle box in; it will only
be required with loose boxes, as the case b, b, will do for the axle when fitted
to it; d, d, cap to keep mortice bed in its place; e, e, e, e, clastic material to
isolate the mortice bed.
Fig. 5, a plan view of the wheel or turnplate, with the semicircular spring
fixed on the axle, with the wheel in the centre. a, a, the wheel plate; b, b,
Semicircular spring; c, the axle; d, the wheel; e, e, the axle boxes; /, 1,
the cups to the ends of the springs.
Fig. 6 is a back view. a, a, the wheel plates; b, b, b, b, semicircular
springs; c, the axle; d the wheel; e, e, axei boxes; . ; cups to ends of
springs, clips to keep wheel plates together.
Fig. 7 is a section of the end of the spring. b, b, the springs; e, e, e, e, the
felt or rubber to isolate the metals; /, /, the caps; h, the block.
Sheet 2: Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section of au omnibus. a, a, a, a, a, a,
are the separate seats; b, the displacement for the high wheel; A, B, a
line through. Fig. 2 is a plan on line A, B. a, a, a, a, a, a, are the seats.
Fig. 3 is a side view; b, the displacement for the high wheel.
And I declare that I claim the said Invention, of the nature and
character stated at the commencement of this Specification.
In witness whereof; I, the said Uriah Scott, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Fourteenth day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
URIAH SCOTT.
(L.S.)