Improvements in Heating Stoves.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 20th Feb., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 13th Nov., 1894-Accepted, 15th Dec., 1894
Improvements in Heating Stoves.
1, ADRIC RICHARD, of 20 Boulevard Montmartre, Paris, France, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to improvements in slow combustion heating stoves, more
particularly such as are intended for heating large spaces, the improvements being
however also applicable to smaller stoves for household purposes. These stoves
are of the kind in which a column of fuel is contained in a vertical combustion
chamber having a grate at bottom, a charging door at top and a lateral branch pipe
leading to the chimney.
One of my present improvements has for its object to prevent the issue into the
room of the imperfectly burnt and more or less deleterious gases that ordinarily
rise through the column of fuel when the charging door at top is opened.
For this purpose I provide at the lower part of the fuel chamber, immediately
above the fire grate, a space formed by two inverted conical shields, the one being
situated at a certain height above the other, so that the column of fuel being
retained to a greater or less extent by the upper shield, the space below it contains
the fuel resting on the grate in a loosely packed condition and contains in its upper
part behind the upper cone an annular space in which collect the gases given off
by the burning fuel. Communicating with this space on one side is a flue rising
vertically along the side of the casing of the stove and opening into the com-
bustion chamber at the top, and near the upper end of the flue is a branch opening
leading to the chimney flue. Thus the greater portion of the gases given off from
the burning fuel will pass directly from the said annular space up the side flue to
the chimney flue, and when the charging door at top is opened the draught of the
chimney will cause an inrush of the external air through the charging opening
direct to the open upper end of the side flue, which air current will carry with it
any small proportion of the deleterious combustion gases that may rise to the top
of the fuel chamber through the fuel.
The side branch of the Hue terminates in a vertical T piece that may either be
closed by a draught regulator at bottom and be continued upward to the chimney,
or it may be closed at the upper end and the lower end be connected by a bend to
the chimney flue of an ordinary open fireplace, which is in this case closed in by a
shield.
The fire grate is composed of an ordinary circular grate which can be moved
to and fro in a circular direction on its seat, and below this is a second grate which
can slide in and out between lugs on the underside of the upper grate. This
grate has a projecting socket facing the ashpit door, so that on opening this and
inserting a handle into the socket, either a circular to and fro motion can be
imparted to both grates by the handle for clearing them from ashes, or by fitting a
Emall stud on the handle into a hole in the socket, the lower grate can be slid to and
fro, or can be entirely withdrawn. In the ashpit, below the lower grate is placed a
moveable receptacle for the ashes, which also has a socket for the introduction of
the said handle for withdrawing it when it requires to be emptied.
The ashpit door is made to fit with a planed surface against the planed face of
the ashpit opening, and it is connected to the stove by means of two pivotted side
links acting as a parallel motion so that the door after being raised up for gaining
access to the ash pit will then turn down with the side links so as to rest flat
against the face of the opening, thus ensuring a practically air tight closure.
The entrance of the air to the ashpit is controlled by a regulating slide, or,

page_text: for smaller stoves, there are provided two circular holes one of which is closed by
inserting a stud on the handle, when it is desired to restrict the draught.
For smaller stoves I provide the following arrangement at top for first lighting
the fuel. Extending downward from the charging opening is a cylindrical box,
the bottom of which is formed by a grating, pivotted to the box on one side, and
held in the closed position on the opposite side by a catch having an arm projecting
through the stove so that on raising this arm the catch is withdrawn, whereupon
the grating will fall, turning on its pivots.
On first starting the stove, the charging door is opened and a suitable readily
burning combustible, such as wood, charcoal &c. is placed on the grating of the box
and ignited. The charging door being then closed, the burning fuel at the top of the
stove will at once produce a draught of air from below the grate at bottom towards
the chimney and after this is established, the catch is raised so as to free the
grating, whereupon the burning fuel will fall down on to the grate below, on to
which additional fuel is then charged. For smaller stoves the branch flue pipe is
made separate from the stove and is made with two side pins that can drop into
slots on each side of the flue opening of the stove. In this opening is also a
spike projecting upwards which, when the branch pipe is dropped into its place,
fits with its upper end into a recess at the top of the pipe, and thus holds it in
position.
With smaller stoves the prevention of the escape of the deleterious combustion
grases on opening the charging door is effected by providing a small opening in the
top of the stove, just below the door, which hole is ordinarily kept closed by a
plug pivotted to the door, so as to act as the catch thereof.
When it is required to open the charging door, the plug is first raised out of the
hole, thereby causing an indraught of air which carries the gases accumulated
below the door towards the chimney flue, so that the door can then be opened
without danger.
In order to effect the more or less complete combustion of the unburnt gases
before they issue from the combustion chamber to the chimney flue, one or more
small passages are provided in the side of the stove leading from small air holes
near the lower end of the stove up to near the branch flue pipe, so that the small
currents of heated air rising through such passages, in impinging upon the
said gases just before they enter the chimney flue, will enter into combustion
therewith.
Dated this 20th day of February 1894.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Heating Stoves.
I, ADRIC RICHARD, of 20 Boulevard Montmartre, Paris, France, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
My invention relates to improvements in slow combustion heating stoves, more
particularly such as are intended for heating large spaces, the improvements being
however also applicable to smaller stoves for household purposes. These stoves
are of the kind in which a column of fuel is contained in a vertical combustion
chamber having a grate at bottom, a charging door at top and a lateral branch pipe
leading to the chimney.
One of my present improvements has for its object to prevent the issue into the
room of the imperfectly burnt and more or less deleterious gases that ordinarily
rise through the column of fuel when the charging door at top is opened.

page_text: For this purpose I provide at the lower part of the fuel chamber, immediately
above the fire grate, a space formed by two inverted conical shields, the one being
situated at a certain height above the other, so that the column of fuel being
retained to a greater or less extent by the upper shield, the space below it contains
the fuel resting on the grate in a loosely packed condition and contains in its upper
part behind the upper cone an annular space in which collect the gases given off
by the burning fuel. Communicating with this space on one side is a flue rising
vertically along the side of the casing of the stove and opening into the com-
bustion chamber at the top, and near the upper end of the flue is a branch opening
leading to the chimney flue. Thus the greater portion of the gases given off from
the burning fuel will pass directly from the said annular space up the side flue to
the chimney flue, and when the charging door at top is opened the draught of the
chimney will cause an inrush of the external air through the charging opening
direct to the open upper end of the side flue, which air current will carry with it
any small proportion of the deleterious combustion gases that may rise to the top
of the fuel chamber through the fuel.
The side branch of the flue terminates in a vertical T piece that may either be
closed by a draught regulator at bottom and be continued upward to the chimney,
or it may be closed at the upper end and the lower end be connected by a bend i,
the chimney flue of an ordinary open fire place, which is in this case closed in by a
shield.
The fire grate is composed of an ordinary circular grate which can be moved
to and fro in a circular direction on its seat, and below this is a second grate which
can slide in and out between lugs on the underside of the upper grate. This grate
has a projecting socket facing the ashpit door, so that on opening this and inserting
a handle into the socket, either a circular to and fro motion can be imparted to
both grates by the handle for clearing them from ashes, or by fitting a small stud
on the handle into a hole in the socket, the lower grate can be slid to and fro, or
can be entirely withdrawn. In the ashpit, below the lower grate is placed a
moveable receptacle for the ashes, which also has a socket for the introduction of
the said handle for withdrawing it when it requires to be emptied.
The ashpit door is made to fit with a planed surface against the planed face of
the ashpit opening, and it is connected to the stove by means of two pivotted side
links acting as a parallel motion so that the door after being raised up for gaining
access to the ashpit will then turn down with the side links so as to rest flat against
the face of the opening, thus ensuring a practically air tight closure.
The entrance of the air to the ashpit is controlled by a regulating. slide, or, for
smaller stoves, there are provided two circular holes one of which is closed by
inserting a stud on the handle, when it is desired to restrict the draught.
For smaller stoves I provide the following arrangement at top for first lighting
the fuel.
Extending downward from the charging opening is a cylindrical box, the bottom
of which is formed by a grating, pivotted to the box on one side, and held in the
closed position on the opposite side by a catch having an arm projecting through
the stove so that on raising this arm the catch is withdrawn, whereupon the grating
will fall, turning on its pivots.
The accompanying drawing shews my several improvements applied both to a
large and small stove, as also to a moveable stove with visible fire.
Fig. 1 shews a vertical section and Fig. 2 a horizontal section of a stove suited
for heating large spaces.
The base A has an enlargement B in front, which is closed by a plate or cover C
made to fit accurately upon the opening of the part B; it is attached to two
lateral links a a which have their other ends pivotted to the sides of the part B,
so that on raising the plate C away from the opening of B by means of a handle b
it is guided by the links, and on releasing it, it will fall close against the opening
again.
The fork shaped grating e situated below the circular grate d, as also the

page_text: ashbox e are cach provided with a socket f, g, of such a length as not to prevent
the closing of the plate C. On opening this door a handle h shewn to a larger
scale at Fig. 3 is inserted into either socket the handle being provided with a
stud which engages with a hole in the socket so as to hold the handle in
position. By means of this handle on opening the door C, the grating c
can be slid to and fro or be withdrawn altogether, as can also the ashbox e,
and on withdrawing the handle, the door C will of itself fall into the closed
position.
A sliding regulating valve m fitted in the top of the part B serves to regulate
the draught of the stove according to requirements.
For preventing any escape into the room of the gases resulting from imperfect
combustion such as carbonic oxide, when the cover D is removed, there is provided
above the fire-grate a circular shield E of double inverted conical shape, forming
a channel which serves to catch the gases that are propelled downwards by the
current of air descending through the centre of the column of fuel when the tap
is open, the channel having an opening to one side leading into the flue F that
conducts them to the branch G leading to the chimney. This branch may be
connected to a rising flue pipe J, having at bottom a regulating box H, or it may
communicate by a bend shewn in dotted lines with an enclosed fireplace, the upper
end of the head on the branch G being in that case closed.
Figs. 4 and 5 show respectively a vertical section and a horizontal section of a
small stove having my improvements applied thereto.
In this case the head of the stove has a receptacle K the bottom of which is
closed by a grating L pivotted on one side thereto, and held in the closed position
by means of a catch n on the opposite side, pivotted at p and having an external
handle o.
For lighting a fire in the stove, the grating L is secured in the closed position
by being drawn up from the dotted open position by means of a hook, and the top
cover being opened, there is placed upon the grating lighting materials such as
charcoal, wood, paper &c., which are ignited, and after being brought to a
sufficient state of incandescence by the down draught through the open top, the
catch is moved by the handle o so as to release the grating which in dropping
lets the incandescent charge fall on to the fire grate, after which the body of
the stove is filled with fuel from the top in the ordinary manner and the top is
then closed.
The sliding grating c, ash box e and door C working on side links are constructed
as before described. The draught is in this case regulated by means of two holes r
formed in the top of the box B. If only a moderate draught is required one of
the holes is closed by a stud, such as the end of the handle h Fig. 3; otherwise
they are both left open.
In this construction the discharge branch M is formed separate and is held in
position in the hole of the stove by means of two outer studs t which bear against
the edges of the hole, while the branch rests with a recess on its upper side upon
the end of a pin u fixed at its lower end to the body of the stove.
Figs. 6 and 7 shew respectively a vertical section and horizontal section of a
stove with visible fire. The base of the stove is again constructed in the same
manner as first above described. Above the base is an opening which is closed by
a mica cover, through which the fire is visible.
For driving off the combustion gases when the cover N is opened a small hole is
provided in proximity to the latter, ordinarily closed by a plug Q on a hinged
handle P.
When the plug is raised, a small current of air enters the stove through the
hole and in passing downward through the column of fuel drives the gases
towards the outlet branch pipe.
The cover N being then opened the inrush of air continues to carry the gases
downward to the outlet. Below the latter there is formed a shield R having two
passages a communicating with the outer air by holes y, so that jets of air, are

page_text: produced issuing from the channels into the opening of the discharge where they
enter into combustion with the escaping hot combustible gases, thus economizing
fuel and preventing the leakage of such gases into the room.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In heating stoves, the use for closing the ashpit, of a door connected by
pivotted links to the base of the stove so as to close by gravity onto the ashpit
opening substantially as described.
2. Constructing the sliding grating below the firegrate as also the ash box with
sockets for the reception of a moveable handle, whereby these parts can be moved
or withdrawn, substantially as described.
3. The arrangement of the discharge branch of the stove so that it can
either be connected to a rising stove pipe, with regulator, or to an opening in
a closed fireplace substantially as described with reference to Figs. 1 and 2 of the
drawings.
4. Arranging the discharge branch of the stove so as to be removeable, and held
in position by resting upon the end of a rod fixed in the stove opening, substantially
as described with reference to Figs. 4 and 5 of the drawings.
5. The use in combination with a stove of a shield having a circular channel E
for collecting the combustible gases rising from the fire and leading them to a
flue F discharging them into the chimney substantially as described with reference
to Figs. 1 and 2 of the drawings.
6. Constructing stoves with a receptacle below the cover having a hinged
grating at bottom held closed by a catch, and on which materials for lighting a
fire are placed, so that when these are well alight, the grating is made to drop so
as to let the incandescent charge fall on to the firegrate of the stove, substantially
as described with reference to Fig. 4 of the drawings.
7. The use, in stoves, of a small hole near the charging cover at top-closed by a
removeable plug, so that on removing the latter the entering air current carries
the combustible gases downward through the fuel to the discharge opening near
which are provided channels for the introduction of air jets for entering into
combustion with the said gases, substantially as described with reference to Figs. 6
and 7 of the drawings.
Dated this 13th day of November 1894.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.