IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR CUTTING AND BORING WOOD AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Lewis, of 51, High Street, Bloomsbury, in
the County of Middlesex, Engineer and Machinist, for the Invention
of "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR CUTTING AND BORING WOOD AND OTHER
SUBSTANCES."
Sealed the 3rd December 1861, and dated the 17th June 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Lewis at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
June 1861.
I, JOSEPH LEWIS, of 51, High Street, Bloomsbury, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, Engineer and Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR CUTTING AND BORING WOOD AND OTHER
SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improved machinery for cutting and boring wood and other
substances consists of a novel arrangement of sawing and drilling or boring
apparatus, which may be adapted to an ordinary lathe, and driven by the treadle
belonging to this latter.
The sawing apparatus may be described as consisting of a pair of horizontal
arms placed a convenient distance apart, and provided at one end with suitable
mechanical arrangements, such as adjusting, tightening, and set screws and
clamps to hold a saw blade at proper tension for cutting wood or other sub-
stance. The upper end of the saw blade is secured in a clamp at the lower
end of a spindle, which is moveable in a socket at the end of the upper arm.
Between these arms is placed a table to receive the wood or material to be
operated upon, the saw. blade being allowed to pass through a hole made in

page_text: the table for the purpose.
It will therefore be understood that one of the
arms will be above the table, and the other one beneath it. These arms aro
secured at or near their other ends to a rocking shaft, which is mounted in
suitable bearings, and a vibrating or up-and-down motion is communicated to
the arms by a crank pin or equivalent contrivance adapted to the rotating
lathe head, and which pin or its equivalent is made to work in a slot, groove,
hole, or opening made in or adapted to the lower arm. As the lathe head is
rotated by the treadle in the ordinary way the crank pin will cause the arms to
rock on their centre of motion, and in so doing will move the saw up and
down with great rapidity. The cutting edge of the saw must be secured by
means of a set screw or tightening screw in one position while in operation.
The apparatus for drilling is adapted to the uppermost of the pair of arms,
to which the sawing apparatus is attached, and may be driven from the same
shaft. The drill may be secured at the lower end of the spindle which holds
the saw blade, which of course must be previously removed. This spindle is
provided with V-pullies to receive a band from the driving wheel, and is
capable of being moved up and down in its socket as it cuts away the material
it is operating upon. The band from the driving wheel is carried over pullies
placed at the back end of the arms; the bearings of which pullies may be
made adjustable by means of adjusting screws, so that the band when it becomes
loose by working may be tightened as may be required, or it may be arranged
to be thrown out of operation without removing the band. It will of course bo
understood that as the arms are not required to vibrate when drilling, as is the
case in sawing, the connection between the lathe head and the lower arm
must be removed, and the driving band for actuating the drill must be
tightened.
It will be obvious that although my improved sawing and drilling appa-
ratus may be conveniently adapted to an ordinary lathe, the sawing and
drilling machinery may, if desired, be mounted on a separate table or frame,
and provided with suitable driving gear, and although it is not absolutely
necessary, still it will be found convenient to employ a spring lever or some other
equivalent contrivance to keep the wood or material steady while being
operated upon. This spring lever or equivalent contrivance must be made to
bear with sufficient pressure on the wood to keep it steady on the table, but
not to such an extent as will prevent the wood from being moved about by
hand with facility while the sawing operation is going on. It may be found
convenient (in order to obviate vibration) to counterbalance the arms either by
means of weights or springs.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Joseph Lewis in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
17th December 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPII
LEWIS, of 51, High Street, Bloomsbury, in the County of Middlesex, Engi-
neer and Machinist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fourth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Joseph Lewis, Her special license that I, the said Joseph Lewis,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Joseph Lewis, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVED MA-
CHINERY FOR CUTTING AND BORING WOOD AND OTHER SUBSTANCES," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Joseph Lewis, by an instrument
in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Lewis, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being bad to the Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
My Invention of "Improved Machinery for Cutting and Boring Wood and
other Substances" consists of a novel arrangement of sawing and drilling or
boring apparatus, which may be adapted to an ordinary lathe, and driven by
the treadle belonging to this latter.
In the accompanying Drawing, Fig. 1 is a side elevation of a frame some-
what resembling an ordinary lathe frame and driving gear fitted with my
improved sawing machinery; Fig. 2 is a plan view of the same; Fig. 8 is
another side elevation, but with the moving parts arranged to act as a drilling

page_text: or boring machine. a, a, is the framework, or side standards of the machine;
b, the driving wheel, which is mounted on one end of the main crank shaft c,
and is actuated by the treadle d by means of the link e, which is hooked on to
the crank shaft. A band ƒ passes round the driving wheel b, and also round
one of the grooves of a pulley 9 above, and which is mounted on one end of a
second crank shaft h.
l
The sawing apparatus consists of a pair of horizontal arms i, i, placed a
convenient distance apart. These arms i, i, form part of the saw frame i, i*, i,
(Figures 1 and 2), which is secured on a rocking shaft, and the arms i, i, are
provided at one end with suitable mechanical arrangements, such as adjusting,
proper tension
tightening, and set screws and clamps to hold the saw blade k at
for cutting wood or other substance. The upper end of the saw blade k is
secured by means of a tightening screw in a clamp at the lower end of the
spindle m, which is moveable in sockets m, m', at the end of the upper arm
of the rocking frame i, i*. There is also a nut or stop on the spindle to
help in tightening the saw. Between the arms i, i, of the rocking frame is
placed the table n, to receive the wood or material to be operated upon, and a
hole is made in the table for the purpose of allowing the saw blade k to pass
through, as shewn in Fig. 1. It will be seen that one of the arms i will be
above the table n, and the other one underneath it. The rocking shaft which
carries the vibrating frame i, i*, i, is mounted in suitable bearings attached to
the main framing, and a vibrating or up-and-down motion is communicated to
the arms i, i, by means of the crank shaft h, or equivalent contrivance adapted
to the rotating lathe head when the apparatus is adapted to a lathe. This
crank of this shaft h, or its equivalent, is made to work in a slot, groove, hole,
or opening o' made in the lower arm i of the vibrating frame, or in a moveable
piece or block o adapted thereto, as shewn in the Drawing. As the crank
shaft c is rotated by the treadle in the ordinary way, the second crank shaft h
will cause the arms i, i, to rock on their centre of motion at j, and in so doing
will move the saw k up and down with great rapidity. The cutting edge of
the saw k must be secured in one position while in operation by means of a set
screw, or tightening screw p, which passes through one of the sockets m', and
thereby prevents the spindle m from revolving or moving on its axis therein.
The several parts of the mechanism being in the position shewn in Fig. 1 of the
Drawing, the piece of wood or other material to be operated upon is placed upon
the table n, and is moved about thereon in the direction required by the hands
of the workman, in order to bring the wood or other material up to the cutting
edge of the saw. It will be understood that in cutting ordinary fretwork a

page_text: hole or holes must be first made in the wood to allow one end of the saw to
pass through. This end of the saw will then be secured in the clamp 1, and
the machine set in motion by means of the treadle.
The apparatus for drilling is adapted to the uppermost of the pair of arms
i, i, to which the sawing apparatus is attached, and may be driven from the
same crank shaft h. The machine arranged for drilling is shewn in elevation
at Fig. 3, in which it will be seen that the drilling tool p* is secured at the
lower end of the spindle m, which, in Fig. 1, carries the clamp l, which holds
the saw blade k, but which clamp of course must be previously removed.
The drilling tool p* is held secure in its socket by means of a tightening
screw p', and the spindle m is provided with V-pullies q, to receive a band r
from the pulley 9 on the crank shaft h, as shewn by red lines in Figures 2
and 8. The spindle m may also be driven from the driving wheel b, with
suitable guide pullies. The band r passes from the driving wheel g on the
crank shaft h over a guide pulleys, and a tightening pulley s¹ to the V-pulley q
on the spindle m, and the tension of the driving band r may be regulated by
means of the adjusting screw t, whereby the arm which carries the tightening
pulley s may be drawn back or allowed to move forward, as may be required.
The spindle m, whilst revolving, is capable of being moved up and down in its
sockets as the drilling tool p* cuts away the material it is operating upon.
This is done by merely placing the hand on the loose knob m² at the top of
the spindle m, and pressing it down as low as the stop m³ will allow. It will
be seen that the upper part of the spindle m is screwed, so that the stop m³
may be adjusted to any altitude thereon, as may be required, and according to
the depth that it is desired the drilling tool shall penetrate. A coiled spring w
is adapted to the spindle m beneath the V-pulley q, for the purpose of causing
the spindle m and tool p" to rise after the pressure of the hand of the work-
man is removed, so as to be ready to drill the next hole required. By making
the pulleys s, s, or one of them adjustable, the driving band r, when it becomes
loose by continuous working, may be tightened, as may be required. Or the
mechanism may be so arranged that the driving gear of the drilling apparatus
may be loosened or thrown out of operation without removing the band. It
will of course be understood that as the arms are not required to vibrate when
drilling, as is the case during the operation of sawing, the connection between
the crank shaft h, or the lathe head and the lower arm i of the vibrating frame,
must be removed, and the driving band r for actuating the drilling tool p*
must be tightened. The vibrating frame i, i*, i, is kept steady, and the
spindle m is kept vertical at a right angle to the table n (while the machine
is used for drilling) by loosening the binding screw u, and moving back the

page_text: block o, so as to cause the notch o³ in the rear end of the latter to catch in the
hooked bracket ', which is secured to the under side of the stationary table n.
The screw u is then tightened up again, and the driving band r, having been
also tightened, and the drilling tool p* (Fig. 3) properly secured in its socket,
the drilling operation may be proceeded with.
It will be observed that my improved sawing and drilling apparatus may be
conveniently adapted to an ordinary lathe head, instead of being mounted on
a frame specially adapted for the purpose. The sawing and drilling machinery
may also, if desired, be mounted on a separate table or frame, and provided
with suitable driving gear.
Although it is not absolutely necessary, still it will be found convenient to
employ a spring lever, or some other equivalent contrivance to keep the wood
or material steady while being operated upon by the saw. This spring lever
or equivalent contrivance must be made to bear with sufficient pressure on the
wood to keep it steady on the table, but not to such an extent as will prevent
the wood from being moved about by hand with facility while the sawing
operation is going on.
Having now described my Invention of "Improved Machinery for Cutting
and Boring Wood and other Substances," and having explained the manner of
carrying the same into effect, I claim as the Invention secured to me by
Letters Patent as aforesaid, the general arrangement, construction, and mode
of operating the parts as herein set forth, whereby the mechanism for sawing
or cutting and boring wood and other substances is combined in one and the
same machine.
I also claim the combination of the crank or excentric shaft h, or other
equivalent contrivance with the vibrating or rocking frame or arms i, i*, i..
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Lewis, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Seventeenth day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
Witness,
J. W. MOFFATT,
66, Chancery Lane.
JOSEPH LEWIS. (L.S.)