matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING OR PRODUCING ELECTRIC LIGHT."
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick William Heinke at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th November 1877.
14
FREDERICK WILLIAM HEINKE, of Twickenham, in the County of Middlesex
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING OR PRODUCING
ELECTRIC LIGHT."
In carrying out this Invention I use two discs or rings of carbon or other suitable
substance; these discs are placed opposite to one another in the same plane, or it
may be at an angle to one another, and are caused to revolve by clockwork or
other power.
According to one mode I enclose the discs in a glass or metal case envelope or
cylinder provided with one or more apertures at or near the top, and one or more
apertures at or near the bottom,
The heat created by the combustion of the carbon when the electric circuit is
completed, causes a strong draught or current of air to enter at the lower aperture
and to pass off at the upper aperture. This current I apply to turn a fan, which by
suitable intermediate gear gives motion to the carbons and works the feed by
means of worm and worm wheel or other suitable gear, so that the carbons always
are kept at the desired distance apart in proportion as they burn away.
Or the feed may be worked from the clockwork gear if the carbons are caused to
rotate thereby.
Instead of the aforesaid enclosing case or tube I may, especially for carbons of
large size, arrange one or more tubes, which I call draught tubes, at the side or
sides of the carbons, and a fan or fans in connection therewith for the same purposes
as aforesaid.
Or a boiler on the top of the carbons, or partly surrounding the same, may be
so arranged that the heat from the carbons is made to generate steam, which I
apply to work a small engine for causing the rotation and feed of the carbons, and
also if desired for driving magneto-electric machine.
Or according to another arrangement I apply the steam from the aforesaid boiler
to work the fan by causing the steam to enter the casing or the draught tube in

page_text: one or more jets, or by directly impinging against the fan; or the working or waste
steam from an ordinary boiler may be used.
The feed may conveniently be effected by causing the upper carbon to be lowered
while the lower carbon is simultaneously raised, or one of them may be a fixture
while the other is made movable, in each case causing the carbons to be approached
to one another a certain amount for each revolution.
To alter the feed as required for different rates of combustion, qualities of carbon
and other circumstances, a series of eccentric step cams may be arranged side by
side on a spindle, and so as to be shifted thereon as required; or a pair of adjustable
friction cones may be applied for the same purpose.
Or a series of discs provided with teeth on varying proportions of their circum-
ference may be arranged on one spindle, and any one of them be thrown into gear
with a tooth wheel for that purpose, movable on a spindle, and gearing into a
deep tooth wheel on the feed screw spindle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WINE BINS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ernest Ruel at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd July 1877.
ERNEST RUEL, Managing Director of the Maritime Insurance Company, of the
City of Paris, in the Republic of France. "IMPROVEMENTS IN WINE BINS."
The object of this Invention is to so construct the bins as to prevent the deteri-
oration of the wine stored therein by preventing the circulation of air round the
bottles.
The bins are made of groups of longitudinal bars which are capable of being
drawn nearer together or separated, as occasion may require, for either reducing or
increasing the size of the compartments of the bins. This is effected by articula-
tions connecting the longitudinal groups of bars to transverse bars, which intersect
them and divide the bins into so many separate cases. This capacity of increase or
diminution of the parts facilitates the transport of the bins, and assists their
installation.
The longitudinal groups of bars, which are of iron, are intersected by groups of
round iron bars, and these again are united by flat iron bars, whose ends terininate
in brackets for fixing the bins in the cellars.
The round bars are provided with boards on which the bottles are arranged neck
to neck, and each row of bottles is divided by a board.
The result of this combination of the longitudinal bars with the boards is that
the bins are divided into cases or compartments, the wooden planks or divisions
preventing the circulation of the air through the rows of bottles, which is
indispensable for the preservation of the wine.
The bins need only be divided into vertical compartments when it is required to
store in each a half or whole butt of wine.
The upper part of the bin is solid, and provided with a number of holes for
draining the empty bottles. The bins are closed with doors.
C AXLETREES OF CARRIAGES, CARTS, VANS, AND SIMILAR VEHICLES."
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Howard Singleton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th July 1877.
"
JAMES HOWARD SINGLETON, of Ipswich, in the County of Suffolk, Coach Builder.
DOUBLE CONE AXLETREES OF CARRIAGES, CARTS, VANS, AND SIMILAR VEHICLES."
The hind shoulder of the arm shall be made cone shaped or tapering from back
to front; the middle part of the arm also, when considered necessary, shall slightly
taper towards the point.
The front end of the arm will be reduced, and have a thread cut on it, upon
which screws a nut having attached to it a cone-shaped collar, which collar slides
upon a part of the arm that is reduced for the purpose immediately behind the
threaded or screwed part.
The front cone collar, when in position, will stand the reverse way to the hind
cone shoulder. The hind cone shoulder, preventing the box going further on the
arm, and the front cone collar preventing the box coming off when in work. The
front cone collar can be adjusted to compensate for any wear that may take place in
working the axle. The front nut will have common linch-pin holes cut into each
side so that a linch pin may pass through from any side. The arm will also have
a linch-pin hole or slot cut through it about as long as twice the width of the linch
pin; a hole in the bottom end of the linch pin through which a split key passes
prevents the pin from rising when at work.
The inside of the box will be constructed to fit upon and against the hind conc
shoulder of the arm, and so along the entire length, including the front cone
collar.
In light axletrees a cap or flange to fit over the hind end of the box is made to
keep out dust, and to give finish and neatness, as in axletrees known as Collinge's
Patent. In heavy arms or axles this is not necessary.
The arm and box, including hind cone shoulder and front cone collar, shall be

page_text: hardened throughout the entire wearing parts, and shall have oilways that are
necessary cut into and upon them.
Oil can
The axles will be lubricated with oil in the usual way, a supply of which will
be placed in a cap which screws upon or into the front end of the box.
also be put in a recess for the purpose at the hind part of the box.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF COVERS TO BILLIARD AND BAGATELLE TABLES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Josiah Harrington at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 29th October 1877.
JOSIAH HARRINGTON, of Berkswell Lodge, Dulwich Road, Brixton, in the County
of Surrey.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF COVERS TO BILLIARD AND
BAGATELLE TABLES."
This Invention relates to improvenients in the application of covers to billiard
and bagatelle tables for the purpose of protecting the surfaces from dust or injury'
when not in use.
In accordance with my Invention, in place of employing an ordinary loose sheet
of cloth or other material to cover a billiard or bagatelle table to protect them from
dust or injury when out of use, I wind the cover. upon a roller (advantageously a
self-acting spring roller similar to an ordinary spring blind roller), the axes of which
I mount so as to revolve in bearings or brackets fixed at one end or side of the
table.
The brackets or supports for the roller may be carried by hinged or jointed arms
in such manner that the roller may be raised to a level with the upper edge of the
table, when the cover is brought into use and lowered out of the way, when the
cover is removed and wound upon the roller out of use; or the roller with the cover
thereon may be taken out of its bearings and thus may be detached from the table
when the cover is not required.
Cords or rings are attached to the end of the cover, which can be secured to studs
or otherwise (fixed in the opposite end or side of the table) when the cover is
drawn over it from off the roller.
A ring on the cover can be passed over a staple on the end of the table, to which
a lock or other fastening may be applied to prevent the billiard or bagatelle table

page_text: from being used without the consent of the owner, or the cover may be otherwise
permanently secured.
The cover may be supported underneath by a strap or cord or cords stretched
from end to end, or side to side, to prevent the said cover from sinking or dipping
when stretched over the table.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE of GAS BURNERS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Shaw Gent at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 1st December 1877.
JOSEPH SHAW GENT, of the Firm of Kendall and Gent, of the City of Manchester,
in the County of Lancaster, Engineers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE of
GAS BURNERS."
My Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture and finishing
of gas burners. I make the burners of cast iron, coated first with copper, and
afterwards with silver superposed upon the copper coating, the object being to
prevent oxidation in the slot and jet holes or of the body of the burner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Pedro Gamboni at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 24th February 1877.
_PEDRO GAMBONI, of No. 8, Harley Street, in the County of Middlesex.
'IMPROVEMENTS IN MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES."
This Invention relates to motive-power engines, in which beams are used into
chambers, at the ends of which a liquid is alternately permitted to flow as the beam
rocks, and these chambers contain bags or flexible vessels, into and from which air
is free to enter and leave, so that as the end of the beam which is descending
approaches its lowest position the weight of the accumulated liquid acts upon the
corresponding flexible vessel to compress it, and force out the air.
According to one arrangement I place the bag or flexible vessel at one end of the
beam in communication by a flexible pipe or passage with an air compressor actuated
from a point of the beam intermediate between the chamber and the beam axis.
The bag or flexible vessel at the opposite end of the beam communicates with the
opposite end of the compressor, as also with apparatus resembling bellows, or with
other apparatus for imparting motion, as may be required.
In a modified arrangement the beam carries only one water chamber and one air
bag or flexible vessel, and the opposite arm of the beam operates a compressor,
which through a column of water imparts motion to a piston in a cylinder com-
municating with the interior of the beam, which piston may by its rod be connected
with any machine to be actuated.
MENTS IN WASHING MACHINES.
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Lawson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 30th November 1877.
DAVID LAWSON, of Path-head, in the County of Fife, North Britain.
MENTS IN WASHING MACHINES.'
"IMPROVE-
This Invention, which relates to that description of washing machines known as
self-reversing, has for its objects to simplify and reduce the cost of the mechanism
producing the self-reversing action, and thus to effect the working of the machine
with less power than hitherto Economy is also secured.
To the upper end of the spindle of the agitators is attached a pulley having
secured to its periphery a belt, chain, or other equivalent band, the ends of which
after passing between guide rollers of which there are preferably two, are secured
one at each end to a slide or block connected with the driving wheel by a
connecting rod and crank or other equivalent means. Motion being imparted to it
by actuating the land wheel, the said block in its horizontal movement exerts a
strain on the belt chain or band; this being as aforesaid attached to the pulley
which actuates the agitators, rotary motion is imparted to the said pulley and the
agitators. On arriving at the end of the stroke of the connecting rod, the said
slide or block moves in the reverse direction, and the pulley rotates in the opposite
direction while the motion of the driving wheel continues always in one direction..
Pinions, quadrants, and other more or less complex toothed gearing are dispensed
with, and hence the cost is reduced, the effort necessary for driving is lessened, and
the machine is less liable to get out of order than those hitherto designed for
analogous purposes.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR COOKING EGGS
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Horatio Jones, Surgeon Dentist, of 57, Gt. Russell
Street, Bloomsbury, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "AN
IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR COOKING EGGS."
Sealed the 10th July 1877, and dated the 22nd February 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Horatio Jones at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd February 1877.
GEORGE HORATIO JONES, Surgeon Dentist, of 57, Gt. Russell Street, Blooms-
bury, in the County of Middlesex. "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS
FOR COOKING EGGS."
This Invention consists,―
Firstly and essentially of a metalli, carthen, or other vessel, preferably of metal,
capable of holding water, of any capacity. One form of this vessel, the most con-
venient size, is one quart, fitted with handle and lid or cover hinged to open in the
centre, or otherwise."
Secondly. Of a stand or slide (which however is not essentially necessary), also
preferably of metal, which is made to fit the interior of the above vessel, so that it
can be conveniently moved and taken out when required.
The object of this Invention is to secure the advantage of cooking eggs without
boiling them, as by that process they are frequently over done or insufficiently
cooked. By this Invention the eggs may be cooked as required on the table by
simply pouring boiling water on the eggs in the vessel and closing the lid or flaps.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF WOOLLEN FABRICS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Hanson and Ernest William
Hirst at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st November
1877.
BENJAMIN HANSON, of Huddersfield, in the County of York, and ERNEST WILLIAM
HIRST, of Huddersfield, in the County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF WOOLLEN FABRICS."
"
Our Invention of improvements in the manufacture of woollen fabrics relates to
those classes of goods which are known as worsted or woollen coatings, cloakings,
trowserings, in which are formed patterns consisting of stripes, checks, twills, or
diagonal or zig-zag lines and patterns technically called "hopsacks." The desired
effect is produced by the use of yarns of different "counts or thicknesses, and
which are twisted in opposite directions; for instance, to produce stripes we employ
thick and thin yarns, and arrange them in the warp in any desired order, according
to the width of stripes we wish to produce. The thick yarns are in spinning or
doubling, or both, twisted to the right and the thin yarns to the left, or vice versa,
and any number of thick yarns according to the desired width of the stripe are
arranged side by side in the loom, and then a number of the thin yarns are placed
parallel to them, then another number of thick yarns, and so on, throughout the
whole width of the warp in any pre-determined order, according to the desired
pattern. In this manner any number of longitudinal stripes may be produced in
the fabric, the stripy appearance of which will be due to the different thicknesses
of the yarns, and the opposite angles at which the fibres of the yarns lie in the piece
in consequence of the two different kinds of yarn being twisted in opposite directions.
Checks are produced by using two different thicknesses and twistings of yarn
for the weft, and crossing the said two kinds of yarn either to match the number of
warp threads, or otherwise as the pattern may require.
From the above explanation it will be evident that a great variety of patterns

page_text: and diversity of appearance may be produced in the fabric by varying the pro-
portional numbers of the different threads to each other, that is to say, by increasing
or diminishing the number of thick yarns in proportion to the number of thin ones,
the width of the stripes, and consequently the pattern on the face of the fabric may
be varied at pleasure.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACE BARS AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Michael Holroyd Smith at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th September 1877.
"
MICHAEL HOLROYD SMITH, of Halifax, in the County of York, Mechanical
Engineer. IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACE BARS AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED
THEREWITH."
This Invention relates to the class of "grid or open grate" bars having movable
intervening fingers, and to mechanism for operating the intervening fingers.
According to this my Invention, I construct the intervening fingers with an
elongated slot, and they are received upon the moving or operating parts in such
way as to form part of the bar surface, and may be removed and replaced without
disturbing other parts of the furnace.
The mechanism for operating the intervening fingers comprises a tappet wheel
acting upon levers, to which links are connected, the latter being attached to draw
bars, these in turn being connected with the moving or operating part carrying the
intervening fingers referred to.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN NECK TIES." The accompanying Drawing shews a tie she the.
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew Taylor at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 12th April 1877.
Andrew Taylor, of No. 39, Foster Lane, Cheapside, in tho City of London,
Gentleman. "AN IMPROVEMENT IN NECK TIES."
The accompanying Drawing shews a neck tie, the parts within the dotted lines
shewing the front.
"
The Invention consists in making the piece of silk or other material marked "a
in the centre of the neck tie in the form of a band, and free and unfastened to the
tic, so as to enable a person to move such part "a" round the top and bottom of the
piece of card or other suitable stiffening material marked "b," and thus when the tie
is worn or faded at the top part nearest a wearer's chin, such worn or faded part can be
turned to the back of the tic, and hidden from view when in wear.
The two ends
of the part marked "a" may be joined either by elastic fastenings at the parts
marked "c" or by hooks and eyes or other suitable attachment, so as to hold the
part "a" when the tio is being worn firm round the part "b."
I do not confine the Invention to neck ties of the shape shown in the Drawing,
because the free and unfastened band "a" can bo adapted to a neck tie of different
shape.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF CONNECTING TOGETHER THE SIDES AND ENDS OF BEDSTEADS, ALSO APPLICABLE TO WARDROBES AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Emile Hock, Albert Hock, and Alexis
Ferdinand Parmentier at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
13th February 1877.
EMILE HOCK, ALBERT HOCK, and ALEXIS FERDINAND PARMENTIER, all of Paris,
in the Republic of Franco, but temporarily of 4, South Street, Finsbury, in the
County of Middlesex, Manufacturers.. "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF CONNECTING
TOGETHER THE SIDES AND ENDS OF BEDSTEADS, ALSO APPLICABLE TO WARDROBES
AND OTHER ARTICLES.”
The object of this Invention is to do away with the employment of the ordinary
bed screws and nuts, in connecting together the sides and ends of wooden bedsteads,
wardrobes, and other articles, whereby such articles are more easily put together
and taken to pieces than hitherto, and labour economized.
In carrying out our Invention we cut the four ends of the side pieces of the
bedstead with dovetails, such dovetails entering corresponding notches made in the
head and foot pieces of the bedstead. To keep the side pieces of the bedstead at a
proper distance apart and in position we employ two or three cross bars formed
with dovetails or otherwise, and which allows of dispensing with the ordinary
sacking. The dovetails can if required be shod with iron if greater strength is
required.
The dovetails may also be entirely formed of iron, in which case they are screwed
in position on the side pieces.
We can also employ hooks for connecting the parts together instead of the dove-
tails, such hooks being placed at the ends of the side pieces and entering bevilwise
notches made to receive them in the end pieces. In this case the herein-before
described cross bars are not required.
Whether wood or iron, or both, be employed this improved method of connecting
the parts together gives greater strength and firmness than the present method,
and will bear greater weight, and is in fact almost immoveable.
To hide the joints we make a rebate or notch at the part where the pieces meet,
such rebates or notches receiving the ends of the side pieces.
These improvements are applicable to bedsteads and other articles at present
constructed.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN AND RELATING TO FURNACES AND THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR MECHANICALLY FEEDING THEM WITH FUEL
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Cass at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd August 1877.
"IMPROVE-
MENTS IN AND RELATING TO FURNACES AND THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR
MECHANICALLY FEEDING THEM WITH FUEL."
THOMAS CASS, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer.
In mechanical stoking machines constructed on the old Wilson Patent, in which
all the bars are brought forward together and then withdrawn singly, two rollers
are employed, one to draw forward, the other to draw backward, while a third set
of apparatus is used to work the plungers.
Now my Invention is designed to work all three from the same roller. It consists
in fixing a plunger plate extending the whole breadth of the furnace, or nearly so,
On the other bars are
to one or two bars only, preferably the two outer bars.
tappets which catch on the said plate, so that when the two outer bars are brought
forward all the others go forward too. The cams on the roller work back the two
outer bars and plunger plate first, and then draw each of the other bars back at
such times as the adjacent bars are stationary until each bar has been brought back
singly by a cam, when the whole set is worked forward together as before, carrying
the fuel with them. The plunger plate fits under the door of the hopper and pushes
the coal before it on the bars forming the bottom of the hopper through the regu-
lating door of the hopper into the fire. At the end of each bar, or nearly so, is a
sloping projection which prevents the clinker from too easily falling off at the end,
and thus keeps the ends of the bars always covered with clinker.
In some experimental bars already made with these projections I have cast them
in height varying from one to two and a half inches, and from my experiments am
inclined to believe that about four inches will prove the best dimension.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MAKING INFUSIONS OR Ex- TRACTS FROM SUBSTANCES BY STEAM PRESSURE
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Ulrich Etzensberger at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st July 1877.
ROBERT ULRICH ETZENSBERGER, of the Midland Hotel, St. Pancras, in the County
of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MAKING INFUSIONS OR Ex-
TRACTS FROM SUBSTANCES BY STEAM PRESSURE."
This Invention relates to certain improvements on a former Patent granted to me,
the said Robert Ulrich Etzensberger, bearing date the 16th of July, 1873, num-
bered 2448, for Improvements in Apparatus and Arrangements for Making
Infusions or Extracts from Substances."
"
The improvements which form the subject matter of this Patent are as follows:-
The water in the lower vessel is brought to boiling point by means of steam made
to enter by the upper part of a coiled pipe placed inside the said vessel cir-
culating therethrough, and the water of condensation escaping at the lower end of
the said coiled pipe. The pressure of the steam produced by the boiling of the
water causes the said water to rise in a central pipe fitting into a socket or boss in
the upper vessel, which is also furnished with a central pipe forming a continuation
of the lower vessel pipe. The upper vessel is made double so as to allow part of the.
steam arising from the water in the lower vessel to enter therein by means of
apertures provided for that purpose around the socket or boss aforesaid, thus
forming a steam jacket surrounding the inner vessel.
At the top of the central pipe of the upper vessel is placed a circular or other
shaped box or reservoir, which contains the tea, coffee, or such like substances.
This box or reservoir is furnished with two perforated diaphragms, with a central
pipe extending behond the upper diaphragm, and closed by the fixed cover or lid of
the said box. Between the upper diaphragm and the lid the pipe is furnish with
openings. A door on the side of the aforesaid box allows the tea or coffee to be
placed therein, and on being opened, serves as a guide for the quantity to be intro-
duced to allow for the expansion when damp.
The operation of the apparatus constructed as above is as follows:-The water in
the lower vessel being brought to boiling point by the steam in the coiled pipe,
rises in the central pipes of the lower and upper vessel, entering that of the

page_text: box or reservoir, and escaping by the openings into the space between the upper
diaphragm and lid; it then passes by the perforations of the said upper diaphragm
through the tea or coffee contained in the box in an even manner and pressure, and
falls as an infusion or decoction through the perforations of the lower diaphragm
into the upper vessel, where it is always kept warm by the steam jacket.
The advantages of the above arrangements are, that the water which is not used
to make the infusion will remain clean in the lower vessel or boiler, and that greater
heat is obtained by the use of the non-perforated coiled pipe, which prevents con-
tamination of the water by the steam.
AN IMPROVED CAMP BATH
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Mackin at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 29th September 1877.
THOMAS MACKIN, of the Town and County of Lanark, North Britain, Sergeant-
major of the Second Battalion of the Second Royal Lanark Militia. "AN IMPROVED
CAMP BATH."
This Invention, which relates to an improved camp bath, has for its object to enable
military men and others living in tents to have the benefits of both shower and
sponge baths.
The Invention consists of a vessel of sufficient size to constitute a sponge bath.
The apparatus also consists of a pole made in two parts and united with a joint, so
that when out of use the pole with the other apparatus herein-after described can
be folded up and packed into the sponge bath. The upper part of the pole has
attached to it an arm, and a supporting piece for carrying the arm in a horizontal
position. That part of the pole where the two pieces which constitute it are joined
together is provided with a catch for the purpose (when the apparatus is in use) of
making the pole firm at that place.
The horizontal arm, which is carried at the top of the pole, is provided with a
pulley and rope or chain for the purpose of raising the reservoir which contains the
water for the shower bath to the top of the tent. This reservoir, which is filled with
water before being raised to the top of the tent, is provided with a valve which has
connected to it a cord or chain; this when pulled by the person using the bath lifts
the valve, and allows the water to flow out through the perforations at its under
side, thus producing a shower bath.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR SIZING YARN
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Mitchell Eccles and William
Walker at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th De-
cember 1877.
THOMAS MITCHELL ECCLES and WILLIAM WALKER, both of the Film of Thomas
Eccles, Sons, & Co., Cotton Spinners & Manufacturers, of Walton le Dale, in the
County of Lancaster. "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR SIZING YARN."
In sizing machines of the ordinary construction, the yarn on leaving the size
trough is taken over a heated drying cylinder, and portions of the size frequently
adhere to the surface of the drying cylinder. Now our Invention consists in
preventing this by applying a small quantity of lubricating material to the surface
of the drying cylinder. To accomplish this we fix a trough near the drying cylinder,
which trough is supplied with melted fat or other lubricant; a portion of this fat
is carried round by a roller revolving slowly in the trough, and this portion is
applied to the surface of the drying cylinder by a revolving brush.
SLIDING WINDOW SASHES AND FRAMES, APPLICABLE ALSO TO OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION loft by Jonathan Risien at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd February 1877.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
JONATHAN RISIEN, of Dover, in the County of Kent.
SLIDING WINDOW SASHES AND FRAMES, APPLICABLE ALSO TO OTHER PURPOSES."
My Invention relates to improvements in the construction of window frames and
sashes, and in hanging sashes, the object being to lessen the cost of construction,
reduce the space occupied by the window frame and sashes, and to conceal from
view the cords by which the sliding sashes are suspended.
My Invention consists in constructing the frames in which the sashes slide of a
strip of sheet zinc or other metal, drawn or otherwise brought to the form shown
in cross section in the accompanying Drawing. I prefer to employ a strip drawn to
this form of sufficient length to form the top, bottom, sills, and the sides of the
window frame, and by cutting V notches in the beads and in the side flanges at
the proper places; the strip may be bent at the corners of the frame which is thus
made in a single length of metal.
In the accompanying Drawing a are the grooves in which the sashes slide; b is
a parting bead or flange between the sashes, formed by bending the metal as shown;
c, c are beads enclosing the cords by which the sashes are hung, the cords passing up
in front and behind the sashes instead of at the edges thereof as usual; the cords
being enclosed within the beads are entirely concealed from view; d, d are flanges
or sido strips which embrace and are nailed or screwed to a plain wooden frame
fixed in the brickwork in the ordinary way. These side flanges enclose the space
or box for the counterbalance weights to work in, the said space being divided into
two cases, one for each weight, by a strip of metal fixed or clipped between the two
sides of the parting bead b.
The pulleys on which the cords of the two sashes run are mounted on the same
spindle, which is simply a pin passing across from one flange d to the other, and
fixed in holes in the said flanges and in the central partition. The cost of hanging
is thus considerably reduced.
The window sashes 9 are also made of sheet metal, drawn or otherwise made of
a U form in cross section. I prefer to make the two stiles and the bottom rail in

page_text: one piece by notching and bending the strip to form the corners, the top rail being
secured to the stiles by pins or otherwise so as to be removable for the purpose of
inserting a new pane of glass when required. There are no sash bars, a single pane
of glass being fixed in each sash.. Strips of india-rubber or wood of a corre-
sponding form may be introduced between the glass e and the sash if desired.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HAIR FELT AND OTHER SIMILAR PRODUCTS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Ellis at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 17th July 1877.
EDWIN ELLIS, of the Felt Works, Old Ford Road, Bow, in the County of Middle-
sex, Hair and Felt Manufacturer, of Hornsey Lane, Bermondsey, and of Stratford,
near Guildford, Surrey, Tanner. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS
FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HAIR FELT AND OTHER SIMILAR PRODUCTS."
By this Invention I take hair, jute, or other similar or suitable material, suitably
prepared by any ordinary or other process, and place it in any desired quantity
upon a hollow cellular or perforated table, of metal or other material, the said table
being so arranged or constructed that air may be freely drawn or forced through
the hair or other product that may be required to be acted upon, and the hollow cell,
cells, or perforations provided in the table previous to the process of hardening the
hair, felt, or other substance by any of the usual well known or other suitable
means.
The table referred to, for the purpose of making sheet felt, is so arranged as to be
raised or lowered by means of either steam, bydraulic, vacuum, or other suitable
mechanical power, and give the necessary pressure for hardening or felting.
By this process felted hair or other material required to be so treated or produced
has greater tensile strength than can be obtained by other methods.
What I desire to claim by my Invention is principally the drawing or forcing of
atmospheric air, or any suitable gas or gases, through the material or substance to
be formed into sheet or web felting, in the manner herein described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TUBS AND LIDS FOR SANATARY PURPOSES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Smith at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 8th May 1877.
JOHN SMITH, of Halifax, in the County of York, Pattern Maker. " IMPROVEMENTS
IN TUBS AND LIDS FOR SANATARY PURPOSES."
The object of this Invention is to secure a lid or cover on tubs or other receptacles
containing excreta so that they shall be air-tight, in order that they may be removed
from place to place without any offensive odour arising therefrom; and my improve-
ments consist in fixing to the top of the tub a ring or flange, the outside edge (by
preference) being bevelled. On the top of the lid is a plate having cam or eccentric
grooves formed therein. One end of a sliding bar acts in these grooves, whilst the
other end, which is hooked, is brought against the bevelled ring on the top of the
tub, so that immediately on the grooved plate being turned on its axis by a key,
the sliding bars are drawn tight under the bevelled ring, and the tub is made
perfectly air-tight. An india-rubber ring may be placed between the tub and
the lid.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PADDLE WHILELS
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Robert Lake, of the Fum of Haseltine, Lake,
& Co, Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PADDLE WHILELS A communication from abroad by
Williain Campbell Thompson, of Tipton, Tennessee, United States of America
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th February 1877
"
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Fum of Haseltine, Lake, & Co, Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PADDLE WHEELS
A com-
munication from abroad by William Campbell Thompson, of Tipton, Tennessee,
United States of America
This Invention relates to an unproved paddle wheel, and consists in the peculiar
construction and arrangement of the paddles, as herein-after described, whereby and
by the action of gravity they are caused to cut through the water in front with the
least possible resistance, and to 1ise through the water behind without lifting any
of the same
It also consists in the combination of the paddles and other parts of the wheel.
I construct my improved paddle wheel with two metal discs, secured on a shaft,
near bearings forming the heads or frame of the paddle wheel I provide a series
of stop rods extended across from one of said discs to the other, and a series of
paddles, each one of which is Journalled by rods or gudgeons to the inner sides of
said discs, near one of the said stop rods Said paddles extend nearly or quite
across the wheel between the said discs, and are made wedge shaped in cross section
so that the part on one side of said pivot rods oi gudgeons overbalances the part on
the other side The axial line of each one of said paddles is arranged outward in
an oblique direction from its stop rod When the said wheel turns forward the
sharp edges first cut through the water until the paddles successively attain a
vertical position When this point is passed the heavy broad edges of said paddles
successively over balance their respective opposite edges and cause the paddles to
successively revolve outwardly, assuming a reversed position. In this position
(broad edge or wedge bars outward) the said paddles successively operate upon the
[Price £d]

page_text: water, propelling the boat thereby When lifted out of the water in the rear part
of their revolution they rise the pointed edge uppermost, so that they do not lift
any water with them.
It also consists of the combination of the paddles with the other parts of the
MENTS IN VELOCIPEDES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Austin Joseph Maher at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd May 1877.
AUSTIN JOSEPH MAHER, of the County of the City of Dublin, Ireland.
MENTS IN VELOCIPEDES."
"IMPROVE-
According to this Invention I make the rider steer or guide the velocipede without
using the hands, and this I accomplish by making the rider use his body for the
purpose, moving it either sideways or in a backward or forward direction, or by
the movement of the seat in an upward and downward direction resembling
the action of the Plimpton roller skate, or by the swivelling of the seat. Any
of the above movements may, however, be combined in order to facilitate the
action.
I apply differential gear in order to enable the rider to vary the distance travelled
by the feet (or hands if used for propelling), and to stop their motion completely
while the vehicle is in motion, or to stop the movement of one of them only with
the view to increase the power or pull when ascending an incline (but necessarily
decreasing the speed proportionately), and to stop or retard the movement of the
feet (or hands) when descending an incline.
The object may also be attained, though not so efficiently, by the application
of flexible connecting rods, and by means of stops to keep the treadles sup.
The rider's seat is, according to this Invention, supported by means of a spring,
which is fixed at a point behind the front of the seat; or in tricycles with the
driving wheel situated behind the rider, the point of attachment is at the circum-
ference of the driving wheel, or nearer to its centre, and not as heretofore removed
a greater distance therefrom.
In order to increase the gripping action on the roadway, I apply india-rubber tyres
having a corrugated, undulating, serrated, or ribbed edge.
The aforesaid improvements are more particularly applicable singly or in com-
bination to tricycles with the driving wheel behind the rider, and with two front
wheels turning on independent fore pins.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN TREATING WOOL AND OTHER FIBRES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Illingworth at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 26th October 1877.
HENRY ILLINGWORTH, of the Firm of "Daniel Illingworth and Sons," of Brad-
ford, in the County of York, Worsted Spinner. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
EMPLOYED IN TREATING WOOL AND OTHER FIBRES."
In treating wool and other fibres to collect them from the preparing process into
balls, according to arrangements at present adopted, a twist is of necessity formed
in the sliver when drawing the sliver out from the centre of such balls, and to remove
this twist when required entails additional cost. The object of this part of the
Invention is, by putting in an opposite twist to the sliver in the formation of the
balls, to avoid the necessity for the subsequent operation of untwisting. For this
purpose the sliver in its passage to the ball passes through a hollow tube, and
thence by a compound arm therefrom carrying a feeder acting as a conductor to
lay the sliver around the ball spindle or shell for the formation of the desired ball.
The parts of the compound arm are capable of adjustment, and the motion of the
hollow spindle with the compound arm and feeder carried thereby, as well as the
extent of pressure or friction put on the sliver during the formation of a ball are
effected by frictional pressure acting with the motive power employed.
Endway motion is given to the ball spindle or shell on which the ball is formed
for the desired traverse. By these means one turn of twist is uniformly put into
the sliver with each lap in the formation of the ball, and irrespective of the diameter
for the time of such ball or part ball.
The improvements also relate, when combining two or more separate rovings or
yarns, to means for breaking or separating the second or other of such rovings or
yarns when one of them breaks or is used up.
In carrying out this part of the Invention I apply a knot or other enlargement at
or near the end of each of such rovings or yarns, and they are all in their passage
from the feed means to the delivery rollers passed within a loop or fork carried by
a lever arm, the outer end of which carries a comb or such like teeth, and this lever
arm is placed in position such that as a knot or enlargement comes up to it the
lever is drawn over with its comb on to the combined rovings or yarns so as to

page_text: cause the breakage or separation of all of them; or in the event of a breakage of
any one of the rovings or yarns the broken end, by falling on to another comb or
such like teeth on the lever arm causes a like action to the lever to bring its comb
or such like teeth on to the other roving or yarn, or rovings or yarns, to cause the
fracture of all of them. These details may be varied.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HEEL AND TOE PLATES OR TIPS FOR BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Alfred Oldershaw and Joseph
Cooke at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th November
1877.
HENRY ALFRED OLDERSHAW, of Leicester, in the County of Leicester, and JOSEPH
COOKE, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick. "IMPROVEMENTS IN HEEL AND
TOE PLATES OR TIPS FOR BOOTS AND SHOES."
The object of this Invention is to render metal tips or plates for boots and shoes
more suitable, and to deaden the sound of the metal, as well as being more orna-
mental and comfortable for wear than heretofore.
For this purpose, according to one arrangement, india-rubber or other suitable
material is used in combination with the metal in the following way:-The tip or
plate is formed with an aperture therein, and the under side thereof with a recess
or series of recesses to receive a flange of corresponding shape projecting from a
block of india-rubber (for example), the said block being made of such thickness as
to protrude through the aperture formed in the tip or plate, the said block being
held in position by the flange. The tip or plate is secured to the boot or shoe either
by means of spikes fixed to the said tip or plate, or by screws or nails passing
through holes in same in the ordinary way.
By the above-described arrangement the block of india-rubber or other material
is held in position without any fastening, excepting that derived from the boot or
shoe itself, and owing to the recess or recesses the tip or plate fits flat on to the boot
or shoe, and by reason of the block of india-rubber projecting through the metal
the heel will be more elastic and the sound of the metal considerably lessened.
According to another arrangement, instead of india-rubber a thin metal plate may
be inserted in the recess formed in the tip or plate, such thin plate having any
desired ornamentation or device thereon.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Holding at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 21st April 1877.
JOSEPH HOLDING, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer. "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN."
"
My Invention relates, in the first place, to the "crank arms of looms, and has
for its object to dispense with the straps and cottars. I, in the first place, form each
arm in two parts, one-half of each bearing being in each part, the two parts being
fastened together by bolts, or in two parts, hinged together and crossing as in
scissors or plyers, the hinge pin being, by preference, near one end. In the latter
arrangement a bolt or screw near the other end secures the arm when placed in
position. The two ends may be bored. to fit the shaft and pin, or one or both ends
may be fitted with steps, as preferred. In the second place I form each arm wholly
or principally of a strip or bar of steel or wrought iron, bent and folded, the two
ends of the strip being formed to suit the crank, or the steps or ends which may be
fitted to work in contact with the said crank. The arm is secured when in position
by means of a bolt, or of bolts.
A second part of my Invention relates to the picking bands. I employ a strip of
the material known as buffalo hide, in lieu of the ordinary strap. The said strip is
attached by one end to a double hook, which hooks into the picker, the other end
of the said strip being connected with the picking stick by means of a short leather
strap. The connections may be varied to some extent so long as they permit the
necessary play to suit the comparative rapidity of the hide. I prefer to double the
end of the hide where perforated for attachment.
A third part of my Invention relates to the temples. In one arrangement I
employ revolving wheels or discs, mounted one within the other, and provided with
pins in their faces and near their peripheries, and inclining outwards. The axis of
inotion is inclined so that the teeth take hold of the selvedge, a shield covering
portions of the wheels to prevent the contact of the cloth with teeth not travelling
in a suitable direction. In another arrangement I employ rollers which are formed
with collars, in or on which the pin points are fixed or formed. The said rollers are
30 formed and arranged with relation to each other as that the collars on one roller
are opposite to the spaces between the collars of the adjacent roller or rollers, the
Drinn 071

page_text: points in the one roller entering the spaces on the other roller or rollers. I may
also cause the collars on one roller to enter the spaces on the other roller or rollers
to some extent.
A remaining part of my Invention relates to the healds, and consists in forming
one or both shafts in two parts, between which springs are interposed in order to
impart elasticity to the action of the healds.