IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDMILLS
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Edwin Hammond, of Clayton Mills,
Hurstpierpoint, in the County of Sussex, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDMILLS."
Sealed the 9th September 1873, and dated the 7th May 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charlos Edwin
Hammond at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 7th May 1873.
I, CHARLES EDWIN HAMMOND, of Clayton Mills, Hurstpierpoint, in
the County of Sussex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDMILLS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in windmills.
In order to regulate the motion of windmills and to cause them to
revolve at a uniform velocity so long as the power of the wind is
sufficient, and independently otherwise both of the force of the wind
and the amount of the load, I employ a ball governor; its axis is driven
by a belt or otherwise directly or indirectly from the main shaft of the
mill.

page_text: The arms carrying the governor balls are linked with a slide which
they cause to traverso along the governor axis. Upon the slide are two
beveled wheels and between them upon a shaft at right angles to the
governor axis is another beveled wheel. The motion of the slide when
the governor balls riso above or fall below the position for which they
are set brings one or other of the wheels upon the slide into gear with
the wheel between them, and drives this wheel in one direction or other,
as the case may be. The wheel thus driven has upon its axis a worm;
this worm actuates a worm wheel, connected with which friction clutch
is a chain wheel. A pitch chain passes over the chain wheel and
communicates the motion it receives to the ordinary striking gear of the
mill, by which the louvre boards or sails on the arms of the mill are
caused to turn on their axes, so as either open or close to hold the
wind less or more as may be required to maintain the desired velocity of
the mill. Or in some cases the intermediate chain and chain wheel may
bo dispensed with. There are friction rollers on the governor arms
which run upon a cam surface connected with the slide, and there are
also links working in slots on the governor arms to move the slide in
the opposite direction. The connection of the governor with the striking
gear being through a friction clutch it does not interfere with the use of
this gear by hand when required.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Charles Edwin Hammond in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 3rd November 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
EDWIN HAMMOND, of Clayton Mills, Hurstpierpoint, in the County of
Sussex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent bearing date the Seventh day of May, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the thirty-sixth
year of Her reigu, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Charles Edwin Hammond, Her special licence
that I, the said Charles Edwin Hammond, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Charles Edwin Hammond, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agrco with

page_text: and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN WINDMILLS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Charles Edwin Hammond, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Edwin Hammond, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and,
by the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying
Sheet of Drawings and to the Figures marked thereon :-
This Invention relates to the better regulation of the speed in wind-
mills, and the same may also be applied with advantage to all kinds of
engines, and has for its object the utilization of the full force of the
wind, and have the same constantly and usefully employed as a motive
power.
The annexed Drawing gives a perspective elevation of my regulator
which may also be applied to all kinds of engines for the better
regulation of their speed, and may be better understood by reference to
the annexed Sheet of Drawings which represent the governors at work
full speed, and the dotted lines when at reduced speed or at rest.
A is the main governor shaft; B, the governor balls; C, the arms of
the governor; D, the boss to carry the arms; E, the slings from the
arms to the friction wheels; F, the friction wheels; G, the friction
wheels on the countershaft; H, the tube on which the friction wheels
are fixed; I, the winged boss working through slot in the arms O to
raise friction wheels clear of the counter wheel when the mill or engine
is under a given speed, being connected to the same by means of the
rods I having adjustable nuts on the top ends for adjusting the
leverage; J, the pulley for driving the governor by means of a band, or
they may be driven by other means most convenient to the mill or

page_text: engine; K, the clutch pulley for endless chain; K', the bevelled toothed
clutch; L, the countershaft; M, the chain wheel; N, the groove for the
ordinary chain for sailing or unsailing the mill; O, the grooves for the
endless chain working in the clutch K on the countershaft; P, the lever
for connecting or disconnecting the regulators by means of a bevelled
toothed clutch U working on a key on the governor shaft; P¹, endless
chain for connecting the countershaft with the chain wheel; Q, bracket
for carrying lever P; R, the spiral spring on the main shaft of the
regulator; S, spiral springs on the countershaft for keeping the clutch
in gear; T, collar and set screw for adjusting the speed of the regulator;
U, clutch on the regulator shaft for connecting or disconnecting;
V, collar and set screw on the countershaft.
By way of more fully describing the working of my Invention, A is
the main shaft for the governor upon which the boss D is fixed by
means of a steel pointed set screw to adjust the height of the regulator;
II is a tube on which the two friction wheels F are fixed, the tube being
bored to slide easily up or down on shaft A which has a fixed key to prevent
the bevelled toothed wheel running round on the shaft, so that it may be
readily understood that upon the same being raised by the governors
through over speed, the bottom friction wheel operates upon the under
side of the counter wheel G and pulls the chain P¹, which passes round
the chain wheel in the groove O; it will lift the weights and open the
louvre boards of the sweeps, thereby allowing the wind to pass through,
thus keeping the mill at the desired speed. When the mill is full sail
or reduced speed the sling joints will be partly up the slots in the
regulator arms, thereby allowing the top friction wheels F to operate on
the top side of the counter wheel G by means of pressure from the spiral
spring R, as shewn on the regulator shaft, which pressure can be
regulated as desired by means of a collar and set screw T, which can be
set to cause the mill or engine to run at any given speed. Should the
regulator continue to work on the top side of the counter wheel G after
the mill is full sail, the bevilled toothed clutch K on the side of the
clutch pulley K. disconnects itself; being bevilled toothed it will hold
only one way, and is kept together by means of the spiral spring 8, so
that the countershaft revolves inside the clutch pulley K, which remains
stationary with the chain wheel. So soon as the mill arrives at a certain
degree below its proper speed the shoulders of the arms press on the
under side of the winged boss I, which being connected to the friction

page_text: wheels F by means of connecting rods, raise the friction wheels clear of
the counter wheel G, so that the sailing and unsailing of the sweeps in
the ordinary way is not interfered with.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or
carried into effect, I would observe in conclusion that I do not confine or
restrict myself to the precise details or arrangements which I have
described, as many variations may be made without departing from the
principles or main features of my Invention; but what I consider to be
novel and original, and therefore claim as my Invention is, the general
arrangement of the above described regulator for windmills, and its
application to engines which may be attached to the ordinary throttle
valve by means of a worm wheel or by means of a slide in the place of
a throttle valve.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Edwin Hammond, have
hereunto sat my hand and seal this Thirty-first day of October
CHARLES. EDWIN HAMMOND. (L.S.)