IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS AND ARRANGEMENTS FOR LIGHTING BUILDINGS, SHIPS, AND OTHER PLACES."
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles William Kitto, of Old Broad Street, and William
Henry Thompson, of 4, Finsbury Circus, both in the City of London, for
an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS AND ARRANGEMENTS FOR
LIGHTING BUILDINGS, SHIPS, AND OTHER PLACES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles William Kitto and William
Henry Thompson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th
September 1880.
CHARLES WILLIAM KITTO, of Old Broad Street, and WILLIAM HENRY THOMPSON,
of 4, Finsbury Circus, both in the City of London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
AND ARRANGEMENTS FOR LIGHTING BUILDINGS, SHIPS, AND OTHER PLACES."
This Invention has for its object the providing of a more efficient and convenient
means for and method of burning hydro-carbon and other oils for illuminating and
other purposes, whereby we obviate the necessity of employing moveable lamps,
and the danger and inconvenience in using and filling the parts or receptacles
which are encountered under the present system, and thereby attain greater facilities
and convenience in usc.
In carrying out our Invention, we store the oil in tanks or other suitable
reservoirs or receptacles, which we place outside the dwelling house or other
building, and in the case of ships in tanks in the hold, or on the deck, or in the
most suitable or convenient position, and lead the oil from the same by means of
tubes or pipes to the apparatus in which it is to be used. These pipes are connected
to a pump or pumps attached to or in connexion with the tank, reservoir, or
receptacle, and on actuating the said pump or pumps in any suitable or convenient
manner the oil is caused to pass through the said pipes to the apparatus where it is
to be burnt.
In those cases where a chandelier, pendant, or other support is used for carrying
the burners, we combine or arrange with the same a suitable pump, which is
connected with a fount or reservoir into which it delivers the oil for the immediate
use of the said burners, which pump is worked at suitable intervals by imparting
an upward movement to the said chandelier, pendant, or support, which is adjusted
or retained in a given position by suitable balance weights or springs. The

page_text: pumping arrangement is so combined and adapted as to prevent the return of the
oil from the fount or reservoir hereinbefore mentioned, or through the suction or
supply pipe of the pump, which is carried or led from the chandelier, or pendant, or
other arrangement, through the building or place where the lighting arrangements
are adopted, to the place where the tank, reservoir, or receptacle containing the
main supply of oil is placed, and it will be evident that by a suitable arrangement
of supply pipes and branches, the oil may be led to the various rooms and parts of
the premises requiring to be lighted.
In applying our Invention to the lighting of ships or vessels, we may either
place the supply of oil in tanks or receptacles below the deck or decks, or
in any other suitable or convenient position, and arrange them so as to be easily
accessible, and from these tanks or receptacles we lead the pipes for supplying the
burners, and apply to the same the pumps and apparatus hereinbefore described.
In some cases it may be convenient or desirable to place the main supply of oil
above the level of the burners, in which case we arrange and adjust the weight or
weights used to balance the chandelier in such a manner that when the fount or
receptacle herein before mentioned is full, the said weight or weights sustain the
chandelier in equilibrium, but as the burners consume the oil from the fount or
receptacle, the chandelier becoming light, and in consequence overbalanced by the
weight.or-weights, ascends, opening a valve which is fixed in the interior of the
pipe, so as to admit a fresh supply of oil into the fount or receptaclo, which-by-
the increasing weight causes the chandelier to descend until it again reaches a state
of equilibrium with the balance-weight or-weights.-
-In-those-cases-where.it.is.not convenient to have a moveable chandelier, or under
those circumstances which will not admit of its being so arranged, the fount-or-
receptacle is arranged or provided with a float valve working in the said fount or
receptacle, in such manner that on the oil reaching a given level, the valve cuts
off the supply by closing the orifice through which the oil flows into the fount or
receptacle.
In that part of our Invention which relates to the burners, or where the oil is
consumed for lighting or other purposes, we arrange a protection or covering of wire
gauze of a suitable size of mesh, or its equivalent, over the wick or part where the
Hame is situated, so arranged as to attract the oil from the wick or other suitable
means employed, and so as to provide for a direct and abundant supply of air to
the flame, which is sustained by the oil from the fount or receptacle. By this
arrangement we obtain a more perfect combustion, and ensure an equal flame without
the inconvenience of frequent trimming, as the flame is sustained upon the edge and
surface of the wire gauze, thus doing away with the even and exact cutting
or trimming of the wick required under ordinary circumstances when not used
with our improved arrangement.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, and of an
Order of the Lord Chancellor, filed by the said Charles William Kitto and
William Henry Thompson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 14th April
1881.
CHARLES WILLIAM KITTO, of Old Broad Street, and WILLIAM HENRY THOMPSON,
of 4, Finsbury Circus, both in the City of London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
AND ARRANGEMENT FOR LIGHTING BUILDINGS, SHIPS, AND OTHER PLACES."
This Invention has for its object the providing of a more efficient and convenient
means for, and method of, burning hydro-carbon and other oils for illuminating and
other purposes, whereby we obviate the necessity of employing moveable lamps, and
the danger and inconvenience in using and filling the parts or receptacles which are
encountered under the present system, and thereby attain greater facilities and
convenience in use.
In carrying out our Invention we store the oil or fluid in tanks or other suitable
reservoirs or receptacles, which we place outside the dwelling house or other building,
and in the case of ships, in tanks in the hold, or on the deck, or in the most suitable
or convenient position, and lead the oil or fluid from the same by means of tubes or
pipes to the apparatus in which it is to be used. These pipes are connected to a
pump or pumps attached to or in connexion with the tank, reservoir, or receptaclo,
and on actuating the said pump or pumps in any suitable or convenient manner,
the oil or fluid is caused to pass through the said pipes to the apparatus where it is
to bo burnt.
In those cases where a chandelier, pendant, or other support is used for carrying
the burners, we combine or arrange with the same a suitable pump which is
connected with a fount or reservoir into which it delivers the oil or fluid for the
immediate use of the said burners, which pump is worked at suitable intervals by
imparting an upward movement to the said chandelier, pendant, or support, which
is adjusted or retained in a given position by suitable balance weights or springs.
The pumping arrangement is so combined and adapted as to prevent the return
of the oil or fluid from the fount or reservoir herein before mentioned, or through
the suction or supply pipe of the pump which is carried or led from the chandelier,
pendant, or other arrangement through the building or place where the lighting
arrangements are adopted, to the place where the tank, reservoir, or receptacle
containing the main supply of oil or fluid is placed, and it will be evident that by
a suitable arrangement of supply pipes and branches, tho oil or fluid may be led to
the various rooms and parts of the premises requiring to be lighted.
In applying our Invention to the lighting of ships or vessels, we may either
place the supply of oil or fluid in tanks, or suitable receptacles below the deck or
decks, or in any other suitable or convenient position, and arrange them so as to be
easily accessible, and from these tanks or receptacles we lead the pipes for
supplying the burners, and apply to the same the pumps and apparatus herein-
before described.
In that part of our Invention which relates to the burners, or where the oil or
other fluid is consumed for lighting or other purposes, we arrange a protection or
covering of wire gauze of a suitable size of mesh, or its equivalent, over the wick
or part where the flame is situated, so arranged as to attract the oil or fluid from
the wick or other suitable means employed, and so as to provide for a direct and
abundant supply of air to the flame which is sustained by the oil or fluid from the
fount or receptacle. By this arrangement we obtain more perfect combustion and
ensure an equal flame without the inconvenience of frequent trimming, as the
flame is sustained upon the edge and surface of the wire gauze, thus doing away
with the even and exact cutting or trimming of the wick, required under ordinary
circumstances when not used with our improved arrangement.

page_text: Figure 1 shews & chandelier constructed according to our Invention. a is a
fount, or reservoir, connected with the pipo b, to which is attached the piston c,
formed with the valve d, and working in the cylinder e, fitted with the valve f,
and hung or attached to the ceiling by its connexion with the ball joint g, which is
connected by the supply pipe h. The piston c, pipe b, and fount a, with its fittings
are balanced, supported, or retained in position by the balance weights i, i, j,j, is
a metallic frame surrounding the fount a, and connecting the hand ring k to
pipe b.
The mode of working is as follows:-
When it is desired to charge the fount a with oil or fluid for 'supplying the
burners A, A, the operator applies the hand power to the hand ring k, overcoming
the resistance of the balance weights i, i, and drawing down the piston c, creating
suction, which causes the opening of the spring balanced valve f, and the flow of the
oil or fluid from the main source of supply through the supply pipe /, into the
cylinder e, its return to the main source being checked by the closing of the valve f,
the hand power being slacked or released so as to allow the balance weights to act,
causing the piston to ascend and act upon the oil or fluid in the cylinder so as to
open the spring balanced valve d, and eject the oil or fluid from the cylinder into
the fount a, where it is consumed by the burners, the operation being repeated as
often-as-it-is-necessary-to-replenish the fount. The arrows indicato openings for
the entrance or escape of air as the level of the oil or fluid varies in the fount.
Figure 2 shews the application of our arrangements to buildings, which
arrangements will generally vary according to the construction-and-requirements.
of the establishment. a-represents-a-barrel-containing the supply of petroleum or
other fluid; into this barrel is inserted a supply pipe b, which is carried or led up to
the height of the various floors, provided such height does not exceed a point at
which the suction power to raise the oil or fluid. Connected to this supply pipe
are branch pipes c, c, which are connected to chandeliers d, d, and continue along
the ceiling to supply such other chandeliers and similar apparatus as may be on the
same level. The chandeliers d, d, work and are constructed on the same principle
as that shewn in Figure 1, Sheet 1, although it may differ in design according to
desire, requirement, or taste.
Figure 3 shews a front elevation and side view of our improved burners in
section as herein before described. It will be seen by the Figures that in our
arrangement the wire gauze or mesh is so placed as to surround the upper end of
the wick but not touching, the top surface of the wick forming a triangular or
semicircular space between the upper surface of the wick and the gauze or mesh.
The mesh or gauze descends over the wick and down the wick tube to a suitable
distance, in some cases outside but in contact with the wick, by which arrangements
we are enabled to attract the oil or fluid from the wick, and at the same time
provide an abundant supply of air to feed the flame, whereby wo secure the
advantage berein before described.
Having now described the nature of our said Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be or may be carried into effect, we would have it understood
that we do not claim as of our Invention the direct supplying of oil or other
burning fluid to burners, chandeliers, or other similar apparatus through pipes,
tubes, or passages, from a reservoir or main source of supply, as this is not new,
nor do we claim as of our Invention any of the parts individually as new with the
exception of our arrangement of burners, as shewn in Figure 3, Sheet 2, nor do we
limit or confine ourselves to the precise details shown in the accompanying two
Sheets of Drawings, as the same may be varied without departing froin the nature
of our said Invention, but what we do claim as of our Invention, and desire to have
protected by Letters Patent, is,—
Firstly. The arrangements, modes, and manner of supplying oils or other burning
or illuminating fluid or fluids to chandeliers, founts, and similar apparatus and
arrangements for lighting and other purposes, substantially as hereinbefore
described and illustrated in the accompanying diagrams.

page_text: Secondly. The arrangement and combination of wick tube, wick, and gauze, or
mesh forming a burner as herein before described and shewn.
In witness whereof, we, the above named Charles William Kitto and William
Henry Thompson, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Thirteenth
day of April, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
eighty one.
C. W. KITTO.
(L.B.)
WM. HEN. THOMPSON. (LS.)