Improvements in or relating to Looms for Weaving Looped or Pile Fabrics.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 1st Apr., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 28th Dec., 1891-Accepted, 6th Feb., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Looms for Weaving Looped or
Pile Fabrics.
We GEORGE HENRY LOCKWOOD, of 7 Oriental Place, Armley, Leeds, in the
County of York, Woollen Designer, and SAMUEL BAKER STOREY, of 4 Athlone
Terrace, Armley, Leeds aforesaid, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in looms for weaving looped or pile fabrics,
and its object is to provide simple, adjustable, and readily applied mechanism
capable of raising or forming a pile or loops of any desired length and afterwards
weaving it firmly into the backing or foundation of the fabric.
According to this invention two brackets or fixings are provided. One end of
each bracket is mounted on and fixed (at a suitable distance apart) to the breast
beain of the loom. Whilst the opposite end of each bracket is made a fixture to the
main framing at any suitable point beyond the traverse of the hand rail and reeds.
On the said brackets is arranged to slide freely a trough or other shaped bar in
which are mounted in suitable bearings, any desired number of vertical spindles, the
ends of which may project any desired distance below the underside of the bar, and
are then bent at or about a right angle to form hooks or fingers.
The vertical spindles may be arranged in a line at any suitable distance apart,
and when the bent portion of each spindle is turned horizontally across the loom
(that is at a right angle to the warp) the length of the hooked portion should be
long enough to permit of it touching the next spindle. Motion for turning the
hooked portion of each spindle (for releasing the loops or pile already formed, and
then for the reception of the warp from which the loops or pile are formed) may
be imparted thereto during the traverse of the trough shaped bar, from a suitable
adjustable cam formed in or fixed to one of the said brackets through a runner
mounted on a sliding rod (or bar) and cranks, or through a runner, rack and
pinions, all of which may be carried or supported by the trough shaped bar.
The sliding rod and cranks or their equivalents may be returned to their normal
position by means of a helical or other spring.
In some cases and when preferred the hooks or fingers may be pivoted to the
trough or other shaped bar and drawn in and out of position by a slotted sliding
rod and suitable lever connections.
To regulate the traverse of the trough shaped bar and the intermittent partial
rotation of the hooked spindles, say for example once for every six picks of the
shuttle, we provide the following means; namely:-
To the hand rail and breast beam of the loom are respectively fixed two or more
bearings in each set of which is mounted a shaft so as to run respectively parallel or
nearly so with the said hand rail and breast beam. On each shaft is mounted and
fixed at suitable distances apart two or more adjustable or other hooks or catches
and a crank or lever. The catches on the shaft mounted in the bearings on the
breast beam are employed for retaining the trough shaped bar in its extreme
outward position, whilst the catches on the shaft attached to the hand rail are
employed for connecting the said bar to and causing it to travel with the hand rail
when it is required to form (and release) the loops or pile. The crank on the
hand rail shaft is armed with a runner which works on an inclined lever to be
hereafter described.
Motion for actuating the catches for first releasing the trough shaped bar and
then actuating the same is obtained and regulated by means of an inclined lever
(on which the runner on the crank of the hand rail shaft works) pivoted at one

page_text: end to one of the said brackets whilst its free end rides upon the periphery of
an indented or cam face of a ratchet change wheel mounted on a stud attached
to a bracket which is fixed to the top of the breast beam.
A rotary motion
is imparted to the ratchet change wheel by means of a pawl jointed to a spring
lever or its equivalent (armed with an adjusting screw) which is suitably pivoted
to a pendant bracket fixed to the breast beam.
The required motion for actuating the pawl is obtained from the hand rail on
which a bracket is fixed, and the point at which it comes in contact with the
spring lever (carrying the pawl) may be adjusted by means of a set screw and
lock nut. Whenever the free end of the inclined lever enters an indent
provided for its reception in the periphery of the ratchet change wheel, the face
or the plane of the lever is then lowered which permits of a spring pressing
the runner (on the crank of the hand rail shaft) on to the lever, and thereby
lowering the ends of the catches on the same shaft to enable them to catch
hold of the trough shaped bar. At the same time the catches on the breast
beam shaft are by means of a spring and slotted lever connection moved so as
to permit of the bar being drawn out of contact with its retaining catches and
traversing with the hand rail, and the spindles being operated by the incans
and for the purposes described.
As soon as the free end of the inclined lever is raised out of the indent the
trough shaped bar is released from its connection with the hand rail and held
in its extreme outward position, until the shuttle has made one, two, three, four,
five, or more picks as required, for weaving the loops or pile into and forming
the backing or foundation of the fabric, when the inclined lever will be again
lowered as described.
Brackets armed with set screws and lock nuts may, be provided for regulating
the traverse of the trough shaped bar and length of the loops or pile.
In some cases instead of actuating the above inclined lever by the ratchet
change wheel and pawl arrangement as described, the said lever may or may
not be provided with a heel, and the lever may be acted upon by a cam or
other suitable moving part of the loom.
Other parts of the loom and means for actuating. its various moving parts
may be of ordinary construction.
The above described improvements may be applied to hand or power looms,
and may be adapted so as to be used with looms which are employed for
weaving such fabrics or articles as, velvets, plushes, "sealskins," carpets, rugs,
mats, coverlets and the like.
Dated this Thirty-first day of March 1891.
GEORGE HENRY LOCKWOOD.
SAMUEL BAKER STOREY.
By W. Fairburn Hart,
Agent.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Looms for Weaving Looped or
Pile Fabrics.
We GEORGE HENRY LOCKWOOD, of 7 Oriental Place, Armley, Leeds in the
County of York, Woollen Designer, and SAMUEL BAKER STOREY, of 4 Athlone
Terrace, Armley, Leeds aforesaid Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to improvements in looms for weaving looped or pile
fabrics, and its object is to provide simple, adjustable, and readily applied
mechanism capable of raising or forming a pile or any required number of loops

page_text: of any desired length and afterwards weaving it firmly into the backing or
foundation of the fabric.
In the drawings hereunto annexed.
Fig. 1, is a part plan of a loom showing our improvements applied,
Fig. 2, a part sectional elevation.
Fig. 3, a part sectional elevations of pile raising or loop forming bar in the
various positions assumed in forming a loop or pile.
Figs. 4, 5 and 6 are respectively part sectional elevations and an end elevation
of a portion of the pile raising or loop forming bar and its actuating rod.
Figs. 7 and 8 are respectively an elevation and plan of a modified form of
pile raiser.
A, is the breast beam, B, the handrail, C, the reeds, D, the slay, E the arm for
carrying the hand rail and slay. E¹ the crank shaft and connecting rod for actuating
the reed, Fa portion of the main framing of the loom, G, G, G, G, are respectively
beams for letting off and guiding the warp, H, H, H, are cloth beams and guides,
and I, I, I, are the healds.
All the above described parts may be of the same construction, mounted in
suitable framework, and operated in the same manner as in looms of ordinary
construction.
According to this invention two brackets or fixings (hereafter termed fixings) J, J,
are provided. One end of each fixing J, is mounted on and fixed (at a suitable
distance apart which may be regulated by such means as a rod j¹) to the breast
beam A of the loom. Whilst the opposite end of each bracket J, is made a fixture
by means of pendant brackets,f, to the main framing say at F, at any suitable
point beyond the traverse of the hand rail B, and reeds C.
The fixings J, J, may by means of slot holes in the pendant brackets f, f, be fixed
at any desired angle with the breast beam A. On the said fixings J, J, is arranged
to slide freely the pile raising or loop forming mechanism which consists of a trough
or other shaped bar K, which is shewn in position at Figs. 1, and 2, and in section
at Fig. 3. The bar K extends across the loom in front of and parallel with the
reeds C. In the bar K, are mounted in suitable bearings any desired number of
vertical spindles k, the ends of which may project any desired distance below the
underside of the bar, and are then bent at or about a right angle to form hooks or
fingers k¹. The vertical spindles k, may be arranged in a line at any suitable
distance apart, and when the bent portion of each spindle is turned horizontally
across the loom (that is at a right angle to the warp G*) the length of the hooked
portion should be long enough to permit of it overlapping the next spindle as shown
at Fig. 5. Motion for turning (about a quarter of a revolution) that is opening
and closing the hooked portion of each spindle (for releasing the loops or pile when
formed, and for the reception of the warp from which the loops or pile are formed)
may be imparted thereto during the traverse of the trough shaped bar K, from a
suitable adjustable cam j², formed in or fixed to one of the said fixings J, (as shown
at Fig. 1) through a runner 3, mounted on a slotted sliding bark and cranks k
(armed with pins k, which work in the slots k in the bar k³) mounted on the ends
of the spindles. Or in place of the slotted bar and cranks motion may be imparted
through a runner, rack and pinions, all of which may be carried or supported by
the trough shaped bar. The sliding bar and cranks, (or, their equivalents)
may be returned to their normal position by means of a helical or other spring k
as shown at Fig. 1.
When the bar K is in the position shown at 1, Fig. 3, the pile warp G* will be
raised as shown, and the hooks k³, turned in the horizontal position shown at Fig. 5,
ready to be carried out to position 3, (Fig. 3,) for forming the loop. The heald
then carries the pile warp down to the level of ground warp G***. The ground
warps G** and G*** are crossed by the heald mechanism in the usual manner.
The loop is held in the position' shown at 3, (Fig. 3) until it has been securely
woven into the foundation of the fabric. As soon as the bar commences to return
inwards and the runner is on the point of passing along incline j³, the spring k³,

page_text: presses the bar in the direction of arrow thus opening the hooks k¹, as shewn in
position 2 (Fig. 3) and releasing their hold on the pile. The bar travels with the
hooks in this position until the incline j is reached, that is to say the hooks are
open while the runner is passing along the straight part of the cam
hooks will be closed by the said incline.
when the
In order to keep the bar ³, locked in position during the outward traverse of
the bar K, we employ a slotted catch plate (see Fig. 6,) which is fixed by set
screws, and springs A, to the end of bar K. When the bar K has reached
the incline the end comes in contact with set screw Q', thereby forcing. the
plate in the direction of arrow 1, and allowing bar ³, to be acted upon by
incline. But on the return motion a set screw Q acts upon the eud ** as soon
as the runner 2 has been acted upon by incline, causing the plate ¹², to pass
within a notch provided in the bar 3 for its reception. The set screws Q and Q
are respectively mounted in the brackets Q. Q. as shown.
In some cases and when preferred the hooks or fingers may be pivoted as shown
at, Figs. 7 and 8, to the trough or other shaped bar K (a flat one is shewn in
the drawings) provided with teeth to and drawn in and out of position by a slotted
sliding bar and suitable lever connections which take the place of the
spindles k.
To regulate the traverse of the trough shaped bar K, and the intermittent partial
rotation of the hooked spindles k, say for example once for every six (or any other
number of picks of the shuttle, we provide the following means; namely:-To the
hand rail B, and breast beam A. of the loom are fixed two or more bearings l, l,
and m, m, in each set of which is mounted a shaft L and M, so as to run respectively
parallel or nearly so with the said hand rail and breast beam. On each shaft is
mounted and fixed at suitable distances apart two or more adjustable or other hooks
or catches 1, 1, and m', m', and the cranks or levers 12 m². The catches on the
shaft L, mounted in the bearings on the breast beam A, are employed for retaining
the trough shaped bar K, in its extreme outward position, whilst the catches m' m²
on the shaft M attached to the hand rail B, are employed for connecting the said
bar 3, to and causing it to travel with the hand rail when it is required to form
(and release) the loops or pile. The crank m² on the hand rail shaft M is
armed with a runner m³ which works on an inclined lever N, to be immediately
described.
Motion for actuating the catches 1, 1, and m¹ m³ for first releasing the trough
shaped bar K, and then actuating the same is obtained and regulated by means of
an inclined lever N, (on which the runner m³, on the crank m², of the hand rail shaft
works) pivoted at n to one of the fixings J, whilst its free end n' rides upon the
periphery of an indented or cam face of a ratchet change wheel O, mounted on a
stud O, attached to a bracket O' which is fixed to the top of the breast beam. A
rotary motion is imparted to the ratchet change wheel O, by means of a pawl p,
jointed to a spring lever P, or its equivalent (armed with an adjusting screw p¹)
which is suitably pivoted to a pendant bracket p² fixed to the breast beam. The
required motion for actuating the pawl p, is obtained from the hand rail on which
a bracket p, is fixed, and the point at which it comes in contact with the spring
lever (carrying the pawl) may be adjusted if desired by means of a set screw. and
lock nut. Whenever the free end of the inclined lever N, enters an indent provided
for its reception in the periphery of the ratchet change wheel O, the face or the
plane of the lever is then lowered which permits of a spring m* pressing the
runner (on the crank of the hand rail shaft) on to the lever N, and thereby
lowering the ends of the catches m', m¹ on the same shaft to enable them to catch
hold of the trough shaft bar. At the same time the catches on the breast
beam shaft L are by means of a spring O³ and slotted lever connection O*, moved
that is lowered so as to permit of the bar being drawn out of contact with its
retaining catches and traversing with the hand rail, and the spindles being operated
by, the means and for the purposes described.
As soon as the free end n¹ of the inclined lever N is raised out of the indent the.

page_text: trough shaped bar K, is released from its connection with the hand rail and held in
its extreme outward position until the shuttle has made one, two, three, four, five or
more picks as required for weaving the loops or pile into and forming the backing
or foundation of the fabric, when the inclined lever will be again lowered as
described. Brackets R, R, armed with set screws, and lock nuts may, be
provided for regulating the traverse of the trough shaped bar and length of the
Joops or pile.
In some cases instead of actuating the above inclined lever N by the ratchet
change wheel O, and pawl arrangement p, as described, the said lever may or may
not be provided with a heel, and the lever may be acted upon by a cam or other
suitable moving part of the loom.
Other parts of the loom and means for actuating its various moving parts and
for cutting the pile or loops may be of ordinary or suitable construction.
The above described improvements may be applied to hand or power looms, and
may be adapted so as to be used with looms which are employed for weaving such
fabrics or articles as velvets, plushes, sealskins, carpets, rugs, mats, coverlets and
the like.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
:-
1. The improvements in looms for weaving pile or looped fabrics, which improve-
ments consist in fixing to the breast beam and framework of the loom two or more
fixings on which reciprocates a bar carrying any desired number of hooked spindles
or levers, and the means substantially as described for intermittently actuating the
and for reciprocating the bar all substantially as herein described and
illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
same,
2. In a loom for weaving pile or looped fabrics the use of a reciprocating har
such as K armed with any desired number of hooked spindles, as and for the
purposes set forth.
3. In a loom for weaving pile or looped fabrics such as herein described, the
combination of a reciprocating bar K, spindles k, hooks k³, sliding bar karned
with a runner cranks, and spring with the hand rail B, reeds C, fixings J,
cams and catches lland m² m² and mechanism as described for operating the
same, substantially as herein set forth.
4. The general arrangement and combination of parts forming the improved loom
for weaving pile or looped fabrics substantially as herein described and illustrated
in the accompanying drawings.
Dated the Twenty-fourth day of December 1891.
GEORGE HENRY LOCKWOOD.
SAMUEL BAKER STOREY.
By W. Fairburn Hart,
Agent.