IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF SLAG OR CINDER FROM BLAST FURNACES, COPPER SMELTING, AND OTHER FURNACES, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO CERTAIN PROCESSES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John James Bodmer, of Newport, in the County of
Monmouth, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF
SLAG OR CINDER FROM BLAST FURNACES, COPPER SMELTING, AND OTHER
FURNACES, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE
ALSO APPLICABLE TO CERTAIN PROCESSES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND
STEEL."
Scaled the 12th October 1866, and dated the 12th April 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John James Bodmer
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 12th April 1866.
I, JOHN JAMES BODMER, of Newport, in the County of Monmouth, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
TREATMENT OF SLAG OR CINDER PROM BLAST FURNACES, COPPER SMELTING, AND
OTHER FURNACES, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE
ALSO APPLICABLE TO CERTAIN PROCESSES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention consists, firstly, in a novel and improved method of reducing
or converting into a lamellated or pulverulent state or condition the slag or
cinder from blast furnaces or other furnaces producing or yielding slag or cinder
in a fluid or semi-fluid state.
In carrying out my Invention I cause the cinder or slag to run direct from

page_text: the furnace upon a pair of rolls revolving at a surface velocity corresponding
more or less with the flow of the cinder or slag. The slag issues from the
rolls in the shape of scale, which is allowed to drop on and to be conveyed away
by a carrier belt or other apparatus; or a stationary box or cistern filled with
water may be placed under the rolls, the rolled slag dropping on a carrier
belt which partly passes through the water, or the receiver or truck may be
filled with water, the rolled slag falling into the water, which is thereby
When filled the
caused to overflow as the truck fills with slag or cinder.
truck is withdrawn and replaced by a fresh one. In order to keep the rolls
cool a stream of water may be allowed to flow upon them, or they may dip
into water troughs provided for this purpose. Instead of treating the slag or
cinder directly as it flows from the furnace in which it is first produced I also
remelt the various kinds of slag or cinder from tips and other accumulations,
and pass it through rolls as described. The rolls may be set closer to or
further apart from each other within certain limits, according to the object
in view, and instead of causing the rolls to revolve at the same surface velocity
one roll may revolve quicker than the other, and thereby produce a grinding
action in addition to or instead of a simply laminating action. After having
passed through this apparatus the cinder or slag may if necessary be conveyed
to other grinding apparatus. Instead of a pair or pairs of rolls one roller
acting against a fixed plane or a curved surface may be employed.
Slag or cinder treated as described is applicable for making mortar, for the
manufacture of artificial stone and of cements, for manure, and a variety of
purposes.
My Invention consists, secondly, in applying the above-described process
to the reducing or converting into a lamellar or pulverulent condition
those descriptions of cements and of materials of which cements are composed
which admit of being converted into the necessary fluid or semi-fluid
condition.
My Invention further consists in applying the above-described process to such
slags which containing a certain per-centage of metal are intended to be worked
over again. For instance, instead of treating the slag from puddling furnaces,
reheating, and similar furnaces in the usual way, I prefer to convert the
same to thin scale in the manner described and to mix it in suitable pro-
portions with lime, with coke or other carbonaceous matter, and with other
ingredients as may be required for producing by smelting a good quality of
iron.
Lastly, my Invention consists in applying the above-mentioned process to iron
coming direct from the blast furnace, or from a remelting furnace, or from a

page_text: finery or from other kinds of furnaces, crucibles, or other apparatus from which
iron is obtained.in a more or less fluid state, either for the purpose of using it
again as iron, or as an ingredient in the manufacture of iron, or with the object
of producing steel therefrom.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John James Bodmer in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
12th October 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
JAMES BODMER, of Newport, in the County of Monmouth, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twelfth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the twenty-ninth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said John James Bodmer, Her special licence that I, the said John
James Bodmer, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said John James Bodmer, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF SLAG OR CINDER FROM
BLAST FURNACES, COPPER SMELTING, AND OTHER FURNACES, AND IN THE APPARATUS
EMPLOYED THEREIN, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO CERTAIN PRO-
CESSES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON AND STEEL," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said John James Bodmer, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John James Bodmer, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
My Invention consists firstly, in a novel and improved method of reducing
or converting the slag, cinder, or scoria from blast furnaces and other furnaces,

page_text: yielding or producing slag or cinder in a fluid, or semi-fluid, or viscous state
into a lamellated or pulverulent state or into sheets or scale. One mode of
carrying out my Invention consists in causing the slag or cinder to run direct
from the furnace upon a pair of rolls revolving at a surface velocity correspond-
ing more or less with the flow of the cinder or slag, and set closer to or further
revolve
apart from each other according to the object in view. The rolls may
at the same surface velocity whereby a simply laminating action is produced,
or one roller may be made to revolve quicker than the other by which a
grinding or tearing action is produced in addition to the laminating action.
Instead of using a pair of rolls I also employ only one roller acting against
a fixed plane or curved surface. The slag or cinder issues from the above
described rolling or grinding apparatus in the shape of scale, which is allowed
to drop on to and be conveyed away by a carrier belt, water being allowed to
flow upon the belt from a rose or a perforated pipe; or a stationary box or
cistern filled with water may be placed under the rolls, the rolled cinder
dropping on a carrier belt which partly passes through the water in the
cistern; or the rolled cinder may fall into trucks similar to those generally
employed for receiving the flowing cinder from blast furnaces. These trucks
may be filled with water, which as the cinder accumulates in the truck will
overflow. The rolls may be kept cool by allowing them to dip into water
tanks or by causing water to flow upon them, or, finally, by passing cold water
through them. The contact of the water with the hot cinder causes the latter
to become very brittle, whereby its further reduction to powder if desired by
grinding or rolling is greatly facilitated; I also roll or treat the cinder as
described without allowing it to come in contact with water, and thereby
prevent the scale from becoming too brittle for certain purposes. For this
object the scale may be made to drop from the first pair of rolls to a second
pair, whereby the particles of scale will become sufficiently cooled to prevent
their adhering together, or the scale issuing from the rolls may be cooled
by an artificial current of air whilst falling into a receiver or upon a carrier
belt or other apparatus. Instead of treating the slag or cinder directly as it
flows from the furnace in which it is first produced, I also remelt the various
kinds of slag, cinder, or scoria from tips and other accumulations, and then
pass it through rolls as described, and in like manner I treat broken or refuse
glass for the purpose of subsequently converting it into the condition of sand
or grit or into powder. to be used for sand paper or other purposes. Slag or
cinder treated as described is applicable for making mortar, for the manu-
facture of cement and of artificial stone, as manure, and for a variety of other
useful purposes..

page_text: My Invention consists, secondly, in applying the above described process
to the reducing or converting into a lamellated or pulverulent state or into
scale those descriptions of cement and of materials employed for producing
cements, which admit, without becoming thereby deteriorated, of being heated
to a fluid or semi-fluid state. It is evident that these materials will not be
allowed to come into contact with water on falling from the rolls.
My Invention consists, thirdly, in applying the above described process of
rolling cinder or slag to such descriptions of slag, cinder, or scoria which
contain such a per-centage of metal as to render them suitable for being
worked over again. For instance, instead of treating the slag from puddling
furnaces, reheating, and other furnaces in the usual way, I convert it into
scale in the manner described, and mix it in suitable proportions with lime,
and with coke, or other carbonaceous matter, and with other ingredients as
may be required for producing by smelting a good quality of iron. And in
order to render the said cinder, carbonaceous matter, and other ingredients
more suitable for smelting, I prefer to convert them after being thoroughly
mixed, into blocks, lumps, or pieces of smaller or larger size by pressure in
moulds or otherwise.
My Invention consists, lastly, in employing my process above described as
applied to cinder, slag, scoria, and other materials to iron whether flowing or
coming direct from the blast furnace, or from a re-melting furnace, or from a
finery, or in a fluid, semi-fluid, or pasty condition from a puddling furnace, or
from any other kind of furnace, converter, crucible, or other apparatus from
which iron is obtained in a more or less fluid state, or from a ladle or other
vessel. Iron so treated will be in the most favorable condition for forming
uniform mixtures of various descriptions of iron, or of one or of several de-
scriptions of iron together with other ingredients, ores or oxides, with the
object of producing therefrom by smelting an improved quality of iron or
steel. And I prefer to mix the iron treated by my process, and the other
ingredients with carbonaceous matter, and to convert the mixture into blocks,
lumps, or larger or smaller pieces in a similar manner and for the same
purpose as I have described with regard to slag or scoria intended for re-
melting.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention and the manner in
which the same may be carried into effect, I wish it to be understood that I
do not claim nor restrict myself to the use of the particular apparatus herein-
before described, but what I claim as the Invention to be secured to me
by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,―
Firstly, the rolling, laminating, grinding, and otherwise reducing or con-

page_text: verting to scale, or sheets, or to a lamellated, or to a pulverulent state or
condition the cinder, slag, or scoria from blast furnaces, copper smelting, and
other furnaces from which cinder, slag, or scoria is obtained in a fluid, or
semi-fluid or pasty, or viscous condition in the manner and for the purposes
substantially as described and for other purposes.
Secondly, the rolling, laminating, grinding, and otherwise reducing or
converting to scale, or to a lamellated, or to a pulverulent condition of various
descriptions of cement, and of materials from which cements are to be produced,
substantially as described.
Thirdly, the rolling, laminating, grinding, and otherwise reducing or con-
verting slag or scoria intended for re-melting in the manner substantially as
described.
And lastly, the laminating, rolling, grinding, or otherwise reducing iron in
the manner and for the purpose substantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John James Bodmer, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twelfth day of October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
JOHN JAMES BODMER. (L.S.)