Means for Justifying Copy for Stereotype and like Matrix Machines.
Year: 1890

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Means for Justifying Copy for Stereotype and like Matrix
Machines.
I, GEORGE ARTHUR GOODSON, of Minneapolis, in the County of Hennepin, and
State of Minnesota, United States of America, Electrician, do hereby declare the
nature of my invention for "MEANS FOR JUSTIFYING COPY FOR STEREOTYPE AND
LIKE MATRIX MACHINES," and in what manner the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :—
My invention was designed more particularly for use in connection with matrix
making machines. It has for its object to prepare a copy in such a manner that the
lines will justify on the matrix machine. A common unit is adopted to measure the
characters and the printed column. This unit is small enough to measure the smallest
character ever used. Every other character is a multiple of this unit. The characters
are then classified into groups according to the space required by each.
A differential feed is provided adapted to move the matrix material variable lengths
according to the particular character to be impressed, which feed is electrically
controlled as hereinafter more fully set forth.
For the purpose of making the impressions on the matrix material, and the stereo-
type plate taken therefrom and consequently the printed matter come out even at the
end of the line or to have such matter properly justified, it is necessary to provide some
system for distributing odd spaces between the word and to measure the copy by the
common scale in order to see how many of such spaces it will be necessary to distribute.
To this end all the copies are run through a type-writer having like characters to those
used on the matrix machine.
A measuring device is connected to the type-writer which constantly indicates to
the eye of the operator the number of units of space still remaining in the line. As
he approaches the end of the line, if the word or syllable next in order requires such a
number of units that it will not come out even or fails to justify the line, he strikes a
number at the end of the line denoting the number of units of space left over and
carries forward the word or syllable to the beginning of the next line.
The right hand margin of the copy thus prepared will contain numerals at the ends
of the incomplete lines indicating the number of units of space to be distributed back
between the words to make the lines justify on the matrix machine.
In order to be sure that the copy shall be measured by exactly the same scale as
the matrix machine, a registering mechanism is used in connection with the type-
writer, which is identical in character, so far as the space movements are concerned,
with the mechanism used to feed the matrix material along the line in the matrix
machine. Electrically controlled stops are used for variably limiting the movement of
a pointer shaft under tension.
In the drawings like figures referring to like parts throughout :—
Figure 1 is a plan view of my machine.
Figure 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the recording mechanism.
Figure 3 is a side elevation of a part of an ordinary type-writer shown as of the
caligraph type.
Figures 4 and 5 are sectional views of modified constructions.
Figuro 6 is a view of the dial of Figure 5 in elevation.
Figure 7 is a view of an escapement wheel provided with graduations and a stationary
pointer.
A suitable frame is formed by a pair of metallic plates A A' which are connected
together and held at a proper distance apart by shouldered posts a, located at their
opposite corners.
B is a dial sunnorted by nosts & attached to the ion plate AL This dialis graduated

page_text: units of space. For example, if the line contains one hundred units, the dial will be
graduated into one hundred divisions, numbered from 100 to 1 respectively.
B is a pointer-driving shaft journalled in the plates A A¹. Its upper end is
extended passing through a central hole in the dial and is provided with a pointer B.
C is a motor spring attached at one end to a fixed support or post c, and at the
other to the shaft B which spring when wound up tends to move said shaft and
pointer in a constant direction.
D is a pinion fixed to the shaft B'. E is a vertical shaft journalled in the plates A. A'
and having its upper end extended above the latter. E' is a pinion on the shaft E.
F is a shaft journalled in the plates A A¹ between shafts B¹ and E, and is provided
with a pinion F1 engaging with the pinion D and also with a pinion F1 engaging
with the pinion E¹.
To the top of the shaft E is secured a ratchet wheel G. H is an armature lever
pivoted at H and provided at its free end with arms extending to the vicinity of
the periphery of the ratchet wheel. The arm / extends slightly beyond the periphery
of the wheel and the arm ¹ stops slightly short of the same. To the underside of the
extremity of the arm is attached a pawl fadapted to engage with the teeth of the
wheel G. The outer end of the arm is provided with a slot g. K is a magnet for
actuating the armature lever H. e is a retraction spring attached at one end to the
armature lever and at the other to a fixed resistance as the post e¹. L is a stop lever
pivoted at its inner end to the armature lever H and extending beyond the periphery
of the ratchet wheel. It is provided with a projecting lug working in the slot g.
The outer portion of this lever is curved outward and backward and is provided on its
inner face with a series of shoulders or step-like off-sets j. A retraction spring ell is
attached to the free end of this stop lever and to the post e¹. The stop lever L is
provided on its underside with a fixed pawl adapted to be engaged by the teeth of
the ratchet wheel.
In a suitable supporting bar, as M, fixed to the top plate of the machine, are
mounted in line a series of five movable stops n¹ n² n³ n¹ n° and one fixed stop no
corresponding to the number of groups of characters, the fixed stop being located at
the outer limit of the series.
N¹ N2 N3 N4 N° are a corresponding series of armature levers, pivoted intermediate
their extremities to a corresponding series of posts m¹ m² &c., and having one end
attached each to its respective movable stop. P1 P2 P3 P4 and P³ are a corresponding
series of magnets for operating said armatures.
Qrepresents the frame of an ordinary caligraph or type-writer. R represents its
bank of keys corresponding, as before stated, to the characters used in the matrix
machine. Six keys 7172 &c. are shown representing one each of the six groups of
characters and spaces. Each key-lever is either composed of metal or is provided
with a contact-strip on its underside. From these keys or contacts five wires S¹ S²
S³ S¹ S³ extend one each to the corresponding magnets P1 P2 &c. and a sixth wire S6
to the magnet K. While but six levers are shown in the drawings it will be under-
stood that each represents a group, and that all others of said levers for characters
requiring a like printing space are connected with the appropriate wire. These key
levers are each insulated from the others at the forward end of the type-writer. T is
the pivoted lever for releasing the spring actuated feed carriage of the type-writer
(not shown). The front cross bar t of this lever lies directly under the key levers and
is either composed of metal or provided with contact-strips on its top and bottom
surfaces connected together.
T¹ is a wooden cross bar fixed to the frame Q. Attached to cross-bar T¹ at one end
is a-spring contact strip t¹ having its free end directly under the cross bar t. From
contact-strip ta wire S extends to a source of electricity.
4
The return wires from the magnets P1 P2 &c. marked respectively p¹ p² p³pp³,
all
pass to the magnet K, whence a common return wire W extends to the common
source.
.
The contact strip t¹ and the magnet K are, therefore, on a common electrical circuit
having five branches one each from each group of characters through its corresponding

page_text: stop actuating magnet. This circuit is normally open at the key board the contacts t
and t¹ being apart.
The operation is as follows:-
Whenever a particular key is depressed it is brought into contact with the cross
bart of the lever T and on this lever being depressed by the further movement of the
key, the contacts t t¹ are brought together and the circuit is closed through the
magnet K, and if the character belongs to any other than the six unit group, one of
the branches is also closed through the corresponding stop actuating magnet. This
circuit may be described as follows,-starting from the wire S along the same to
strip thence to bar t along back to the key-lever depressed and in contact therewith
and thence to its appropriate branch wire S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 and its connections to
return wire W. The effect of this is to throw up the corresponding movable stop and
draw the armature-lever H to the magnet K unlocking the ratchet wheel from the
pawl and throwing it into engagement with the pawl . The wheel G being under
tension from the motor-spring, will turn and carry with it the stop lever L until one
of its shoulders; comes in contact with the projecting stop. Through the train of
gears. E F F D, the pointer B is moved a corresponding distance over the
graduated dial. When the contact is broken at the key board by the separation of
the contacts tt, which occurs the instant the finger is removed from the key, the
springs e and el draw the armature-lever H. and the stop-lever L back to their normal
closed through
positions. In case a six-unit character key is depressed, the circuit
magnet K only and the stop-lever L moves to its limit against the dummy or fixed
stop nº.
The stop-lever L is therefore, allowed to move a variable distance which corresponds
exactly to the space required by the particular character. The dial records the move-
ment. It is most convenient to have the dial divisions 30 numbered that the pointer
will start from the number denoting the total of the units in the line (as 100) and the
units remaining will then always be indicated without requiring calculation.
It will be understood that other forms of contacts may be substituted for closing the
circuit at the key board; but the construction shown forms a very, convenient con-
nection for the common caligraph.
As a weight is the mechanical equivalent of a spring for actuating mechanism it is
obvious that instead of the motor-spring a weight might be employed.
In figure 4 I have shown the gearing intermediate shaft E and B¹ as dispensed
with, the spring being connected directly with shaft E, and the dial B placed at one
side of the frame and secured to the plate A with the pointer B upon shaft E. In
figures 5 and 6 the dial plate B is placed upon the shaft E and a stationary
pointer B is employed. In these figures the plates A A¹ are preferably placed in a
vertical position or in such position that the dial can be easily seen.
In figure 7 I have shown the escapement wheel provided with graduations
and a fixed pointer B is made to overhang it and indicate the amount of
movement.
In the figures 4, 5, 6 and 7 the escapement wheel is given a number of teeth
corresponding with the number of spaces shown on the dial B in the other figures
of the drawings.
What is claimed and desired to be secured by Patent is as follows :—
1. The combination with a type-writer, of a registering device having a variable
feed according to the space required for the different characters in properly spaced
printing, and a separate connection for each size of character between the type-writer
and the registering device, substantially as described.
2. The combination with a type-writer having a feed for different characters of
a registering device having an independent variable feed according to the space
required for the different characters in properly spaced printing, and connections
between the type-writer and the variable feed of the registering device, whereby
copy can be written on the type-writer and the proper spacing for printing
registered at the same time, substantially as described.

page_text: 3. The combination with a ratchet wheel under tension and a registering device
for recording its movement of an escapement for locking and releasing said wheel
and a series of two or more movable stops for variably limiting the travel of
said wheel, of a type-writing machine having a separate and independent feed
and character board with characters classified into groups according to the units
of space required for each in properly spaced printing, a connection from each
character to said escapement and a different connection from each
characters to the corresponding stop, substantially as described.
group
of
4. The combination with a ratchet wheel under tension, a registering device
for recording the movement of said wheel, an electrically controlled escapement
for locking and unlocking said wheel and a series of two or more electrically
controlled stops for variably limiting the travel of said wheel, of a type-writer
having a different feed and electric connections from each group of said characters
to the electric controlling device for said escapement and the electric controlling
device for the corresponding stop whereby the characters printed on the type-
writer will have their appropriate printing space recorded on the registering device,
substantially as described.
5. The combination with a ratchet wheel under tension, a registering device for
recording its movement, an electrically controlled escapement for locking and
unlocking said wheel and a series of two or more electrically controlled stops for
variably limiting the movement of said wheel, of a type-writer having a separate
and independent feed, having its characters grouped according to the printing
space required by each character, a common electric connection from each of said
characters to said electric controlling device for the escapement and a different
electric connection from each of said groups of characters to the electric controlling
device for the corresponding stop, substantially as described.
6. The combination with a ratchet wheel under tension a registering device for
recording the movements of said wheel, a pivoted armature escapement for locking
and unlocking said wheel, a magnet for actuating said armature, a pivoted stop
lever attached to said armature and moved by said wheel, a series of movable stops
for variably limiting the movement of said stop lever, and a corresponding series
of magnets for operating said stops, of a type-writer having a separate and
independent feed and a character board having characters classified into groups
according to the printing space required by each character, an electric circuit
through said armature magnet with branches from the groups of characters to
the corresponding stop magnets, substantially as described."
7. The combination with a type-writer having pivoted character keys classified
into groups according to the units of space required for each and an independent
feed bar operated by contact with said keys of a ratchet wheel under tension, a
registering device for recording the movement of said wheel and an electrically
controlled escapement for locking and unlocking said wheel, a series of two or
more electrically controlled stops corresponding to the groups of characters for
variably limiting the movement of the wheel, contact strips on said keys and
feed bar, an independent contact fixed to an insulated. support on the frame of the
machine in position to be struck by said feed bar when depressed and an electric
circuit normally open through said contacts and escapement with branches closed
through one or the other of the said stop controlling devices according to the key
depressed.
Dated this 17th day of Anril 1800 at Minn
TTA A
Dated this 13th day of May 1890.
GEORGE ARTHUR GOODSON.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.