Ix- PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR GENERATING STEAM OR HEATING LIQUIDS PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Field, of Chandos Chambers, Adelphi, in the
City of Westminster, Consulting Engineer, and Francis Wise, of Chandos
Chambers, aforesaid, Consulting Engineer, for the Invention of "Ix-
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR GENERATING STEAM OR HEATING LIQUIDS
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Field and
Francis Wise at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 25th June 1866.
We, EDWARD FIELD, of Chandos Chambers, Adelphi, in the City of
Westminster, Consulting Engineer, and FRANCIS WISE, of Chandos Chambers,
aforesaid, Consulting Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR GENERATING STEAM OR HEATING
LIQUIDS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for generating
steam or heating liquids, and consists, firstly, in the adaptation to cylindrical
and other circular boilers or heating vessels, not having internal flues, of
water tubes projecting outward from the lower part of the boiler into the furnace

page_text: and combustion chamber or flue space, and in setting or placing such boilers or
vessels with their under sides in an inclined position, so that the portion thereof
which is situated immediately over the furnace and combustion chamber or
flue space (containing the water tubes as described) may form a slope or
descent, which it is recommended should not be less than one in twelve, from
the furnace to the back end of the boiler, for the purpose of causing sub-
stances contained or held in solution in the water to descend and be accumulated
at the backward end where they may either be blown off by means of a blow-
off cock in the usual manner or may be received by a pocket or receptacle
projecting downward from the lower part of such backward end and be blown
off thence as required.
The water tubes employed are by preference those having internal tubes
provided with deflector tops for the purpose of ensuring a steady circulation
through the tubes as described in the Specification of the Patent, No. 2956,
bearing date the First day of November 1862, granted to Moses Merryweather,
Richard Moses Merryweather, and Edward Field, or tubes provided with
diaphragms (answering a similar purpose of dividing the downward from the
upward currents) and provided with deflector tops, as described in the Speci-
fication of the Patent, No. 2661, bearing date the Sixteenth day of October,
1865, granted to Francis Wise, Edward Field, and Enoch Harrison Aydon,
but we do not in this part of our Invention confine ourselves to the use of
these or any other particular system of water tubes. The walls dividing the
central flue from the side flues may consist of water spaces connected at
intervals by suitable openings with the body of the boiler, and by means of
suitable pipes or passages with any pocket that may be formed as described
at the backward end of the boiler or otherwise, each may be provided at its
backward end with a blow-off cock, whereby it may be blown off as required
or otherwise, such walls may be constructed of brickwork in the ordinary
manner.
Secondly, in the construction of steam boilers or heating vessels having
water tubes projecting downward into the flue space or combustion chamber,
in the saddle form, with a water space on each side of the flue, and the furnace
for heating the same, surrounded by a water casing and arranged to be fed
from the top, so that the draught may pass downward through the fire (which
at its lower end may rest partially against the first row of tubes in the tube
space) carrying the flame and heated gases from thence into the flue along
which they pass between and amongst the tubes to the farther end of the
boiler, the incandescent fuel in such furnaces resting by preference upon a
hearth or hearths of suitable material without the intervention of fire-bars,

page_text: a suitable opening or openings being provided for the purpose of admitting air
and stoking.
Thirdly, in the construction of vertical boilers or heating vessels fitted with
pendant water tubes with a vertical or diaphragm water space dividing the
space at the under side of the tube plate in such manner as that the fire-grate
may be situated at one side of such diaphragm, and the opening or exit for the
smoke or products of combustion from the fire at the contrary side thereof,
thus compelling the products of combustion in their passage from the furnace
to pass laterally amongst the tubes; otherwise instead of the fire-grate or
furnace being situated at one side of the diaphragm beneath the tube plate
as described, the grate may be dispensed with, and a furnace surrounded by a
water space, or by brickwork, or partially by a water space, and partially by
brickwork, and fed from the top, may be placed externally of the boiler, and
the products of combustion led to pass laterally amongst the tubes and out
through an opening provided for the purpose as described with reference to
the previous arrangement.
Fourthly, in preparing water tubes used for the generation of steam or the
heating of liquids by galvanising or coating them with zinc in such parts as
are brought into contact with the water or other liquid, for the purpose of
avoiding incrustation thereon, by the deposit of earthy and saline particles.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Edward Field and Francis Wise in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 24th December 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, EDWARD
FIELD, of Chandos Chambers, Adelphi, in the City of Westminster, Consulting
Engineer, and FRANCIS WISE, of Chandos Chambers, aforesaid, Consulting
Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the thirtieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said Edward Field and Francis Wise, Her special licence that we, the said
Edward Field and Francis Wise, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as we, the said Edward Field and Francis Wise, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term

page_text: therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR GENERATING STEAM OR HEATING LIQUIDS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that we, the said Edward Field and Francis Wise, our
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Edward Field and Francis Wise,
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for generating
steam or heating liquids, and consists, firstly, in the adaptation to cylindrical
and other circular boilers or heating vessels, not having internal flues, of water
tubes projecting outwards from the lower part of the boiler into the furnace
and combustion chamber or flue space, and in setting or placing such boilers
or vessels with their under sides in an inclined position, so that the portion
thereof which is situated immediately over the furnace and combustion
chamber or flue space containing the water tubes as described, may form a
slope or descent, which it is recommended should not be less than one in twelve,
from the furnace to the back end of the boiler, for the purpose of causing
substances contained or held in solution in the water to descend and be accu-
mulated at the backward or lower end, where they may either be blown off by
means of a blow-off cock in the usual manner, or may be received by a pocket
or receptacle projecting downward from the lower part of such backward end
and be blown off thence as required. The water tubes employed are by
preference those having internal tubes provided with deflector tops for the
purpose of ensuring a steady circulation through the tubes, as described in
the Specification of the Patent, No, 2956, bearing date the First day of
November 1862, granted to Moses Merryweather, Richard Moses Merry-
weather, and Edward Field, or tubes provided with diaphragms (answering
a similar purpose of dividing the downward from the upward currents), and
provided with deflector tops, as described in the Specification of the Patent
No. 2661, bearing date the Sixteenth day of October 1865, granted to Francis
Wise, Edward Field, and Enoch Harrison Aydon; but we do not in this part

page_text: of our Invention coufine ourselves to the use of these or any other particular
system of water tubes. The walls dividing the central flue from the side flues
may consist of water spaces connected at intervals by suitable openings with
the body of the boiler, and by means of suitable pipes or passages with any
pocket that may be formed, as described, at the backward end of the boiler;
or otherwise each may be provided at its backward end with a blow-off cock,
whereby it may be blown off as required; or otherwise such walls may be
constructed of brickwork in the ordinary manner.
Secondly, in the construction of. steam boilers or heating vessels having
water tubes projecting downward into the flue space or combustion chamber
in the saddle form, with a water space on each side of the flue, and the furnace
for beating the same surrounded by a water casing, and arranged to be fed
from the top, so that the draught may pass downward through the fire (which
at its lower end may rest partially against the first row of tubes in the tube
space), carrying the flame and heated gases from thence into the flue, along
which they pass between and amongst the tubes to the farther end of the
boiler, the incandescent fuel in such furnaces resting, by preference, upon a
hearth or hearths of suitable material without the intervention of fire-bars, a
suitable opening or openings being provided for the purposes of admitting air
and stoking.
Thirdly, in the construction of vertical boilers or heating vessels fitted with
pendant water tubes with a vertical diaphragm or water space dividing the
space at the under side of the tube plate in such manner as that the fire-grate
may be situated at one side of such diaphragm, and the opening or exit for the
smoke or products of combustion from the fire at the contrary side thereof,
thus compelling the products of combustion in their passage from the furnace
to pass laterally amongst the tubes. Otherwise, instead of the fire-grate or
furnace being situated at one side of the diaphragm beneath the tube plate, as
described, the grate may be dispensed with and a furnace surrounded by a water
space or by brickwork, or partially by a water space and partially by brickwork,
and fed from the top, may be placed externally of the boiler, and the products
of combustion led to pass laterally amongst the tubes and out through an
opening provided for the purpose, as described with reference to the previous
arrangement.
Fourthly, in preparing water tubes used for the generation of steam or the
beating of liquids by galvanizing or coating them with zinc in such parts as
are brought into contact with the water or other liquid for the
avoiding incrustation thereon by the deposit of earthy and saline particles.
And in order that our said Invention may be most fully understood we will
purpose of

page_text: now proceed to more particularly describe the same, and in what manner it
may be conveniently carried into practical effect, premising that we do not
confine or limit ourselves to the precise forms or details herein-after described
and represented in the Drawings, as the same are capable of being variously
modified without departing from the distinguishing features of our Invention,
referring to the three Sheets of Drawings accompanying this Specification,
and to the letters of reference marked thereon.
Fig. 1 (Sheet 1) is a longitudinal vertical section of a steam boiler con-
structed and set according to the first part of our Invention; Fig. 2, a
transverse section of the same through the line A, B, of Fig. 1; and Fig. 3, a
similar section through the line C, D, of Fig. 1.
a is a cylindrical boiler having water tubes 6 projecting outward from its
lower part a¹ into the furnace cand combustion chamber or flue space c', the
boiler being set or placed in an inclined position, as shewn, so that the portion
a¹ thereof which is situated immediately over the furnace cand combustion
chamber or flue space c³ forms a slope or descent from the furnace to the
back end of the boiler for the purpose of causing substances contained or held
in solution in the water to descend and be accumulated at the backward end,
where they are, in this case, received by a pocket or receptacle d projecting
downward as shewn, from whence they may be "blown-off" as required
through a cock attached to the pipe e. As before explained the water tubes b
are by preference those having internal tubes with deflector tops, as described
in the Specification of the Patent No. 2956, dated the First day of November
1862, granted to Moses Merryweather, Richard Moses Merryweather, and
Edward Field, or tubes provided with diaphragms, as herein-before explained,
but other descriptions of water tubes may be employed. The products of
combustion from the grate f, after passing among the tubes 6 in the furnace,
proceed over the bridge into and along the combustion chamber or flue
space c', striking or impinging against the tubes 6 as they travel towards the
farther end of the combustion chamber, from whence they pass away to the
chimney a'ong suitable flues 9 surrounding the boiler in the ordinary manner,
g
as well understood by boiler makers; the boiler is in this case supplied with
water through the pipe or tube h. An arrangement equivalent to, but in our
opinion much less desirable than the foregoing, is to slope or place the boiler
at an angle in the contrary direction, so that its front end will be the lowest,
the pocket or receptacle d being in this case placed at the front and the
stoking effected at the side. In some cases we divide the central flue or
combustion chamber c¹ from the side flues 9, as shewn at Fig. 4, by means of
water spaces i connected at intervals by suitable openings; or pipes with the

page_text: body a of the boiler. Such water spaces may either be connected by means
of suitable pipes or passages with the receptacle d formed, as described, at
the backward end of the boiler, or otherwise each such water space may be
provided at its backward end with a blow-off cock, whereby it may be blown
off as required.
Fig. 5 (Sheet 2) is a longitudinal vertical section (through the line E, F,
of Figs. 6 and 7) of a boiler or heating apparatus constructed according to
the second part of our Invention. Fig. 6 an end view, and Fig. 7 a plan of
the same. In this case the main boly or shell a of the boiler is in the "saddle"
form with a water space a³ on each side of the flue or combustion chamber c³,
the furnace f being surrounded by a water casing a³, and arranged to be fed
from the top f, so that the draught may pass downward through the fire
(which at its lower end may rest partially against the first row of tubes in the
tube space,) carrying the flame and heated gases from thence into the flue or
combustion chamber c', along which they pass between and amongst the
pendant water tubes b, to the farther end of the boiler, from whence they pass.
away along flues g surrounding the boiler, to the chimney g¹, as indicated by
the arrows.
In this case the incandescent fuel in the furnace f rests upon a
hearth f of suitable material, without the intervention of fire-bars, a suitable
opening being provided for the purposes of admitting air and stoking.
Fig. 8 (Sheet 3) represents a vertical section (taken through the line
G, H, of Figs. 10 and 11) of a boiler or heating vessel, constructed according
to the third part of our said Invention. Fig. 9 a like section of the same
through the line I, K, of Figs. 10 and 11. Fig. 10 being a horizontal section
through the line L, M, of Figs. 8 and 9, and Fig. 11 a similar section, through
the line N, O, of Figs. 8 and 9.
a is a vertical boiler or heating vessel fitted with pendant water tubes 6,
and having a vertical diaphragm or water space c dividing the space d at the
under side of the tube plate a¹, in such manner as that the fire-grate ƒ is
situated at one side of such water space, and the opening or exit e, (formed in
the plate e) for the smoke or products of combustion from the fire at the
contrary side thereof, thus compelling the products of combustion in their
passage from the furnace to pass laterally amongst the tubes b. Otherwise
the plate may be dispensed with, and the products of combustion instead of
leaving the combustion chamber through an opening e, as described, may pass
underneath the boiler along suitable flues to the chimney; or they may leave
the boiler through an opening formed in the water casing as shewn at e in
Fig. 12. The place of the heated water, or liquid and steam, or vapour, which
ascends from the end of the diaphragm or water space c is supplied with
E

page_text: cooler water or liquid led from the water casing a³ (surrounding the furnace
and combustion chamber) by means of a horizontal pipe or tube 7 open at
both ends, as shewn; the other end of the diaphragm or water space c,
communicating at intervals by means of openings with the water casing a³,
from whence it is supplied with cooler liquid, thus maintaining continuous
circulation through the diaphragm or water space c.
A mud hole h is pro-
vided for the purpose of removing any sediment that may collect at the lower
part of the diaphragm or water case c.
Fig. 12 is a vertical section (through the line P, Q, of Fig. 18) of another
modification of vertical boiler constructed according to the third part of our
said Invention, and-Fig. 13 a horizontal section taken through the line R, S,
of the foregoing Figure. In this case the diaphragm c is constructe:1 of cast
iron, (by preference), but fire-brick and other suitable material capable of
withstanding the requisite heat may be employed. This diaphragin c extends
entirely across the space d at the under side of the tube plate a', but is so
arranged as to leave a space d' between its upper edge and the under side of
the tube plate for the passage of the products of combustion which pass
downward, as indicated by the arrows, leaving the boiler by the exit opening e.
The partition or diaphragm c is provided with numerous air holes or passages
¹, whereby air passes upward through the same, as indicated by the arrows,
to mix with, and complete the combustion of the gases passing from the
furnace, at the same time tending to preserve the partition or diaphragm from
being destroyed by the action of the fire against it. The lower part of the
partition or diaphragm is in this case protected from the most intense heat of
the fire by means of a piece or pieces of fire-brick f¹, provided for the purpose
as shewn.
Fig. 14 is a vertical section (through the line T, U, of Fig. 15) of another
arrangement of vertical boiler according to the third part of our Invention,
and Fig. 15 a horizontal section of the same, through the line V, W, of the
preceding Figure.
As will be readily seen the general arrangement of this boiler is similar to
that shewn in and described with reference to Figs. 8, 9, 10, and 11, excepting
that instead of a fire-grate f being situated at one side of the diaphragm c,
beneath the tube plate a¹, the grate f is in this case dispensed with, and a
furnace f¹ surrounded by brickwork f*, and fed from the top f³, is placed
externally of the boiler, and the products of combustion led to pass horizontally
or laterally amongst the tubes 6, and out through an opening e provided for
the purpose, as described with reference to the previous arrangements, to
the chimney or flue e'. The stoking or stirring and raking of the fire is

page_text: in the present instance effected through a stokehole j, provided for the
purpose.
In witness whereof, we, the said Edward Field and Francis Wise, have
hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-first day of December, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
Witness,
W., LLOYD WISE,
Office for Patents,
Chandos Chambers, W.C.
FRANCIS WISE. (L.S.)
EDWARD FIELD. (L.S.)