IMPROVEMENTS IN UMBRELLAS
Year: 1884

page_text: I WILLIAM WILLIAMS Box of the Gas Works, Crayford in the County of Kent,
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
UMBRELLAS, to be as follows:-
The object of this invention is to construct an umbrella which while possessing
strength and stiffness shall be light, and to fold up in a small compass. I make
the stick tubular and of a fluted section somewhat of the contour of a tooth
wheel pinion, the spaces or flutings being of the number of the ribs which are to
rest therein when the umbrella is folded up. The ribs are of a U or T shape and
are at their upper end formed with a book for connecting to the top notch. This
latter is made in the form of a ring which in the first instance is cut or open
and after having been sprung into a recess formed in each of the ribs of the stick
is brazed together and to the stick, the hooks of the ribs then finding their places
in the flutings of the stick. The end of the stick is filled with a plug which may
be tubular and to which I screw a short piece of plain tubing which takes the shoe
and which is also formed with a small flange for nipping the cover against a corre-
sponding small flange on the plug. This is for the purpose of easily removing and
replacing the cover. The cover is also fixed to the tips of the ribs in such a
manner as to be easily fixed and removed. For this purpose each tip is on the
inside formed with a small spring-like clip and the cover is at each corresponding
place formed or provided with a corresponding eye or eyelet hole which when
slipped over the tip is held in the clip. I prefer to make the eyelet round or oval
and to fasten it to the cover in the usual way or I may work a piece of catgut or
copper wire around a small hole in the cover at the hem. Where the cover slips
over the stick and is held between the aforesaid flanges I sew in a brass ring. The
runner is made of a fluted section to work on the correspondingly.fluted stick
This is the place
except in one place where a fluting is omitted on the runner.
for the catch. This catch is fixed to one of the flutings of the stick. The runner
is provided with a ring brazed thereto similarly to that of the aforesaid top notch
and to this ring the stretchers are connected by their bookshaped lower ends. The
stretchers are of a section to fit in or on the ribs and I ensure their taking their
proper places with the ribs when the umbrella is folded up by reason of the perfect
guide which the runner has on the stick. The handle may be fixed to the stick in
any convenient manner. The tips are or may be held together by a tip cap when
the umbrella is folded.

page_text: עעע
I, WILLIAM WILLIAMS Box of the Gas Works Crayford in. the County of Kent
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
UMBRELLAS" and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:—
The object of this invention is to construct an umbrella which while possessing
strength and stiffness shall be light and to fold up in a small compass.
And in order that this my invention may be fully understood I will describe the
same with reference to the accompanying drawings of which Figure 1 is a side
view about full size of part of an umbrella constructed according to my invention
and showing the stick and one rib stretcher and runner.
Figure 2 is an enlarged part longitudinal section of the upper part of the stick,
Figure 3 a sectional side view of the ring to which the stretchers are connected,
Figure 4a plan of same and Figure 5 plan section of the stick.
Figure 6 is a cross section through a rib and a stretcher as folded into each other
when the umbrella is folded up and Figure 7 an enlarged section thereof.
Figure 8 is a cross section through the joint between a rib and a stretcher and
Figure 9 an enlarged section thereof. Figure 10 is a side view of the same part
and Figure 11 an enlarged side view. Figure 12 is an enlarged longitudinal plan
section of these parts.
Figure 13 is an enlarged cross section and part side view of a rib showing holes
through for sewing on the cover. Figure 14 is an enlarged part plan and cross-
section of a similar modification.
Figure 15 is a side view of a rib tip with means for attaching the cover.
Figures 16 and 16ª are side view and end view of a modification. Figure 17 is
side view of another modification; and Figures 18 and 19 side view and cross
section of another modification Figure 20 shews a section and Figure 21 a plan
of a button for connecting the cover to a tip. Fig. 21ª shows the cover thus
connected to a tip.
Figure 22 is enlarged part sectional side view of the runner and Figure 23 a
plan of same.
I make the stick A tubular and of a fluted section as shown in Figures 1 and 5
somewhat of the contour of a tooth wheel pinion the spaces or flutings being of
the number of the ribs (usually eight as shown) which are to rest therein when the
umbrella is folded up. The ribs B are of a U or T shape but by preference the
latter and made of thin flat steel ribbon bent up into that shape as shown at
Figures 6 and 7. The ribs B are at their upper end formed with a hook B¹ see
Figures 2, 3 and 4 for connecting to the top notch. This latter is made in the
form of a split ring O or in the form of a ring which in the first instance is cut or
open and after having been sprung into a recess formed in a ring D provided with
notches for the upper hook end B₁ of each of the ribs of the stick the hooks of the
ribs then finding their places in the flutings of the stick. The end of the stick is
filled with a screwed plug A¹,

page_text: The plug A¹ is formed with say three flat faces and the ring D fits thereon as
shown in Figure 4 and thus keeps the ribs B from turning round on the stick A.
E is a cap or flange which is dropped over the ring. D. F is another flange or
washer dropped onto the cap E; the cover is nipped between them.
The screwed plug A¹ takes the shoe A' which is also formed with a small flango
for nipping the cover between the two small flanges F and E on the plug. This is
for the purpose of easily removing and replacing the cover by unscrewing the
shoe A' and removing the washer E.
Where the cover slips over the stick and is held between the aforesaid flanges
I sew in a brass ring as shewn in Figure 2. The cover is also fixed to the tips of
the ribs in such a manner as to be easily fixed and removed. For this purpose
each tip is on the inside formed with a small spring-like clip H as shown at
Figure 1 and the cover is at each corresponding place formed or provided with a
corresponding eye or eyelet hole which when slipped over the tip is held in the clip.
I prefer to make the eyelet round or oval and to fasten it to the cover in the usual
way or I may work a piece of catgut or copper wire around a small hole in the
cover at the hem,
Figure 15 shows the tip fitted with a hook clip H and the cover is formed with
eyelet hole which is buttoned over the button I that is slipped over the tip and
held by the clip H.
Figure 16 shows a tip with stop ring H instead of the hook or clip I being a
button over which the eyelet hole is buttoned. Figure 16ª is an end view of the
button.
Figure 17 shows a tip with a clip H on the upper side and the cover eyelet hole
passed over it.
Figure 18 shows a button I the shank of which is passed through the eyelet
hole and through a hole in the rib end or tip the button being of the form of a
paper fastener, the ends of the shank being turned up or clenched as also shown in
Figure 19.
Figures 20 and 21 show a button which is sewn to the cover and to the tip the
latter being pierced with two holes. Fig. 21 shows the cover thus applied to a
tip. All the aforesaid means for connecting the cover to the tips are also applicable
to ordinary umbrellas and parasols.
The runner K is as shown in Figures 22 and 23 made of a fluted section to
work on the correspondingly fluted stick. L is a catch which is arranged in one
of the flutings of the runner. This catch slips with one end into a bolo L' or L' in
the flutings of the stick as shown in Fig 1 thus securing the parts of the umbrella
in the open or closed position respectively. The runner is provided with a ring K¹
brazed thereto and to this ring the stretchers M are connected by their hook-shaped
lower ends. The stretchers are of a V section to fit in or on the T shaped ribs and
1 ensure their taking their proper places with the rib when the umbrella is folded
up by reason of the perfect guide which the runner has on the stick. Figures 8
to 12 show the mode in which stretchers M are formed and connected to the ribs B
the latter having a strengthening piece B lapped round it and brazed to it at this
place. To sew the cover to the ribs the latter may have strengthening pieces B³
Figure 13 lapped round where the rib is pierced with sewing holes or these latter
may be pierced through the side flanges of the rib as shown in Figure 14 in which
case no such strengthening pieces are needed. The handle N Figure 1 may be
fixed to the stick in any convenient manner such for instance as screwing for the
purpose of detaching and packing in a small compass. The tips are or may be
held together by a tip cap O when the umbrella is folded.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that I do
not broadly claim the use of a fluted tubular umbrella stick and fluted runner
thereon as that was patented many years ago nor do I broadly claim the use of
c

page_text: Tshaped ribs and V shaped stretchers as such have been often proposed and partly
used, nor do I broadly claim the use of a removable cover for umbrellas but
I claim
First The improved construction and combination of shoe and other parts for
securely connecting the ribs to the stick and for holding the cover in the middle
while giving great facility for putting together and taking apart the wholo
umbrella substantially as described and shown.
Second-The improved construction of fluted runner with special reference to
the attachment of the stretchers thereto and the catch for fixing the runner to and
releasing it from the stick substantially as described and shown.
Third The improved constructions of tips in combination with the means for
connecting and disconnecting the cover therefrom substantially as described and
shown.
Fourth-The combination of parts forming the improved construction of umbrella
with fluted stick and runner and detachable frame, runner and cover substantially
"as described and shewn.

page_text: I WILLIAM WILLIAMS Box of the Gas. Works, Crayford in the County of Ķent,
Engineer do hereby declare. the nature of said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
UMBRELLAS, to be as follows:-
-
The object of this invention is to construct an umbrella which while possessing
strength and stiffness shall be light, and to fold up in a small compass. I make
the stick tubular and of a fluted section somewhat of the contour of a tooth
wheel pinion, the spaces or flutings being of the number of the ribs which are to
rest therein when the umbrella is folded up. The ribs are of a U or T shape and
are at their upper end formed with a book for connecting to the top notch. This
latter is made in the form of a ring which in the first instance is cut or open
and after having been sprung into a recess formed in each of the ribs of the stick
is brazed together and to the stick, the hooks of the ribs then finding their places
in the flutings of the stick. The end of the stick is filled with a plug which may
be tubular and to which I screw'a short piece of plain tubing which takes the shoe
and which is also formed with a small flange for nipping the cover against a corre
sponding small flange on the plug. This is for the purpose of easily removing and
replacing the cover. The cover is also fixed to the tips of the ribs in such a
manner as to be easily fixed and removed. For this purpose each tip is on the
inside formed with a small spring-like.clip and the cover is at each corresponding
place formed or provided with a corresponding eye or eyelet hole which when
slipped over the tip is held in the clip. I prefer to make the eyelet round or oval
and to fasten it to the cover in the usual way or I may work a piece of catgut or
copper wire around a small hole in the cover at the hem. Where the cover slips
over the stick and is held between the aforesaid flanges I sew in a brass ring. The
runner is made of a fluted section to work on the correspondingly fluted stick
except in one place whoro a fluting is omitted on the runner. This is the place
for the catch. This catch is fixed to one of the flutings of the stick. The runner
is provided with a ring brazed thereto similarly to that of the aforesaid top notch'
and to this ring the stretchers are connected by their hookshaped lower ends. The
stretchers are of a section to fit in or on the ribs and I ensure their taking their
proper places with the ribs when the umbrella is folded up by reason of the perfect
guide which the runner has on the stick. The handle may be fixed to the stick in
any convenient manner. The tips are or may be held together by a tip cap when
the umbrella is folded.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
I, WILLIAM WILLIAMS Box of the Gas Works Crayford in the County of Kent
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS. IN
UMBRELLAS" and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The object of this invention is to construct an umbrella which while possessing
strength and stiffness shall be light and to fold up in a small compass.
And in order that this my invention may be fully understood I will describe the
same with reference to the accompanying drawings of which Figure 1 is a side
view about full size of part of an umbrella constructed according to my invention
and showing the stick and one rib stretcher and runner.
Figure 2 is an enlarged part longitudinal section of the upper part of the stick,
Figure 3 a sectional side view of the ring to which the stretchers are connected,
Figure 4 a plan of same and Figure 5 plan section of the stick.
Figure 6 is a cross section through a rib and a stretcher as folded into each other
when the umbrella is folded up and Figure 7 an enlarged section thereof.
Figure 8 is a cross section through the joint between a rib and a stretcher and
Figuro 9 an enlarged section thereof. Figure 10 is a side view of the same part
and Figure 11 an enlarged side view. Figure 12 is an enlarged longitudinal plan
section of these parts.
Figure 13 is an enlarged cross section and part side view of a rib showing holes
through for sewing on the cover. Figure 14 is an enlarged part plan and cross-
section of a similar modification.
Figure 15 is a side view of a rib tip with means for attaching the cover.
Figures 16 and 16ª are side view and end view of a modification. Figure 17 is
side view of another modification; and Figures 18 and 19 side view and cross
section of another modification Figure 20 shews a section and Figure 21 a plan
of a button for connecting the cover to a tip. Fig. 214 shows the cover thus
connected to a tip.
Figure 22 is enlarged part sectional side view of the runner and Figure 23 &
plan of same.
I make the stick A tubular and of a fluted section as shown in Figures 1 and 5
somewhat of the contour of a tooth wheel pinion the spaces or flutings being of
the number of the ribs (usually eight as shown) which are to rest therein when the
umbrella is folded up. The ribs B are of a U or T shape but by preference the
latter and made of thin flat steel ribbon bent up into that shape as shown at
Figures 6 and 7. The ribs B are at their upper end formed with a hook B' see
Figures 2, 3 and 4. for connecting to the top notch. This latter is made in the
form of a split ring C or in the form of a ring which in the first instance is cut or
open and after having been sprung into a recess formed in a ring D provided with
notches for the upper hook end B' of each of the ribs of the stick the hooks of the
ribs then finding their places in the flutings of the stick. The end of the stick is
filled with a screwed nlng A¹

page_text: The plug A¹ is formed with say three flat faces and the ring D fits thereon as
shown in Figure 4 and thus keeps the ribs B from turning round on the stick A.
E is a cap or flange which is dropped over the ring D. F is another flange or
washer dropped onto the cap E; the cover is nipped between them.
The screwed plug A¹ takes the shoe A' which is also formed with a small flange
for nipping the cover between the two small flanges F and E on the plug. This is
for the purpose of easily removing and replacing the cover by unscrewing the
shoe A and removing the washer E.
Where the cover slips over the stick and is held between the aforesaid flanges
I sew in a brass ring as shewn in Figure 2. The cover is also fixed to the tips of
the ribs in such a manner as to be easily fixed and removed. For this purpose
each tip is on the inside formed with a small spring-like clip Has shown at
Figure 1 and the cover is at each corresponding place formed or provided with a
corresponding eye or eyelet holo which when slipped over the tip is held in the clip.
I prefer to make the eyelet round or oval and to fasten it to the cover in the usual
way or I may work a piece of catgut or copper wire. around a small hole in the
cover at the. hem.
Figure 15 shows the tip fitted with a hook clip H and the cover is formed with
eyelet hole which is buttoned over the button I that is slipped over the tip and
held by the clip H.
Figure 16 shows a tip with stop ring H instead of the hook or clip I being a
button over which the eyelet hole is buttoned. Figure 16 is an end view of the
button.
Figure 17 shows a tip with a clip H'on the upper side and the cover eyelet hole
passed over it.
Figure 18 shows a button I the shank of which is passed through the oyelet
hole and through a hole in the rib end or tip the button being of the form of a
paper fastener, the ends of the shank being turned up or clenched as also shown in
Figure 19.
.
Figures 20 and 21 show a button which is sewn to the cover and to the tip the
latter being pierced with two holes. Fig. 214 shows the cover thus applied to a
tip. All the aforesaid means for connecting the cover to the tips are also applicable
to ordinary umbrellas and parasols.
The runner K is as shown in Figures 22 and 23 made of a fluted section to
work on the correspondingly fluted stick. L is a catch which is arranged in one
of the flutings of the runner. This catch slips with one end into a hole L¹ or L' in
the flutings of the stick as shown in Fig 1 thus securing the parts of the umbrella
in the open or closed position respectively. The runner is provided with a ring K'
brazed thereto and to this ring the stretchers M are connected by their hook-shaped
lower ends. The stretchers are of a V section to fit in or on the T shaped ribs and
I ensure their taking their proper places with the rib when the umbrella is folded
up by reason of the perfect guide which the runner has on the stick. Figures 8
to 12 show the mode in which stretchers M are formed and connected to the ribs B
the latter having a strengthening piece B³ lapped round it and brazed to it at this
place. To sew the cover to the ribs the latter may have strengthening pieces B³
Figure 13 Inpped round where the rib is pierced with sewing holes or these latter
may be pierced through the side flanges of the rib as shown in Figure 14 in which
case no such strengthening pieces are needed. The handle N Figure 1 may be
fixed to the stick in any convenient manner such for instance as scrowing for the
purpose of detaching and packing in a small compass. The tips are or may be
held together by a tip cap O when the umbrella is folded.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that I do
not broadly claim the use of a fluted tubular umbrella stick and fluted runner
thereon as that was patented many years ago nor do I broadly claim the use of

page_text: Tshaped ribs and V shaped stretchers as such have been often proposed and partly
used, nor do I broadly claim the use of a removable cover for umbrellas but
I claim
First The improved construction and combination of shoe and other parts for
securely connecting the ribs to the stick and for holding the cover in the middle
while giving great facility for putting together and taking apart the whole
umbrella substantially as described and shown,
Second-The improved. construction of fluted runner with special reference to
the attachment of the stretchers thereto and the catch for fixing the runner to and
releasing it from the stick substantially as described and shown.
Third The improved constructions of tips in combination with the means for
connecting and disconnecting the cover therefrom substantially as described and
shown,
Fourth-The combination of parts forming the improved construction of umbrella
with fluted stick and runner and detachable frame, runner and cover substantially
as described and shewn.