AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN OR CONNECTED WITH ELECTRIC LAMPS
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to The Honourable Reginald Thomas Dudley Brougham,
of Berkeley Square, Mayfair, in the County of Middlesex, for an Invention
of "AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN OR CONNECTED WITH ELECTRIC
LAMPS."
1
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Reginald Thomas Dudley
Brougham at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th February
1880.
The Honourable REGINALD THOMAS DUDLEY BROUGHAM, of Berkeley Squaro,
Mayfair, in the County of Middlesex. "AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN
OR CONNECTED WITH ELECTRIC LAMPS."
Heretofore much difficulty has been found in the construction of electric lamps
in excluding the atmospheric air from the interior of the lamp; now by my
Invention I believe I have obviated this defect.
My Invention consists in surrounding the vessel containing the lamp or a
portion thereof with another and separate vessel, preferable of glass. Into this
separate vessel I place any suitable liquid or combinations of liquids, pure water
for example, and this may be coloured or tinted to any desired shade; or other
materials, such as silicate, cotton, or asbestos filaments, may be used in combination
with the liquid for the better diffusion of the light.
So long as the water in the separate vessel is above the joint no atmospheric
air can enter and a tight joint is maintained, while at the same time the heat of
the lamp is carried off or dispersed and the light diffused.
The joint may be made of two concentric flanges secured together with an
interposed ring of india rubber or other suitable material, means being provided
for adjustment.
Provision may be made for the removal and replenishing of the liquid if desired,
or for causing the same to circulate..

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Reginald Thomas Dudley Brougham in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 25th August 1880.
The Honorable REGINALD THOMAS DUDLEY BROUGHAM, of Berkeley Square,
Mayfair, in the County of Middlesex. "AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN
OR CONNECTED WITH ELECTRIC LAMPS."
Heretofore much difficulty has been found in the construction of electric lamps
in excluding the atmospheric air from the interior of the lamp; now by my
Invention I have obviated this defect.
My Invention consists in surrounding the vessel containing the lamp or a portion
thereof with another and separate vessel, preferably of glass.
Into this separate vessel I place any suitable liquid or combination of liquids,
pure water for example, and this may be colored or tinted to any desired shade;
or other materials, such as silicate, cotton, or asbestos filaments may be used in
combination with the liquid for the better diffusion of the light. So long as the
water in the separate vessel is somewhat above the joint no atmospheric air can
enter and a tight joint is maintained, while at the same time the heat of the lamp
is carried off or dispersed and the light diffused.
The joint may be made of two concentric flanges secured together with an
interposed ring of india rubber or other suitable material, means being provided
for adjustment.
Provision may be made for the removal and replonishing of the liquid if desired,
or for causing the same to circulato.
And in order that this my Invention may be more fully understood I will
describe it as applied to a few existing and well known electric lamps of a
somewhat typical form.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings is a vertical section through an André
lamp working by incandescence. The enclosing glass globe or cylinder has here-
tofore made has a ring g fixed on it at its uppor end by micans of some kind of
cement. The object of my Invention is to prevent any leakage at this joint, and
at the joint between the ring g and the bed plate screwed thereto; for this
purpose I enclose this joint or these joints in water; this may conveniently be
done by forming a saucer g¹ in one with the ring g, and by filling it with water,
or glycerine, or other suitable liquid, or combinations forming a liquid lute or joint.
The space between the outer tube e and the inner tube b containing the carbon is
filled with a material such as plaster of Paris, and above that a cement such as
india rubber cement is applied, as shown at e¹; now in order to prevent all
possibility of air leakage down through the cement c' and the plaster of Paris, I
form a space h on the top of the former of a sufficient depth for holding a body of
water, which forms a perfect lute or joint. To lessen loss of the liquid by
evaporation I prefer to cover the vessel g' and the top of the tube e with lids, as
shown.
Obviously the whole globe or cylinder part of this lamp may be immersed in
liquid contained in an outer globe k, as shown partly in dotted lines; this globe
may be either clear or frosted.
Figure 2 is a vertical section through an Edison horseshoe carbon lamp to which
my Invention is applied. For this purpose I place the foot of the lamp in a vessel
k, of metal, or glass, or other suitable material, and fill it with water or other
liquid; is a lid for the vessel.
Figure 3 shows the Invention applied to an Edison lamp of the same construction
but inverted; the upper part of the globe is for the purpose of my Invention formed
as a saucer g¹, which is charged with water or other liquid.
Figure 4 shows a Jablochkoff lamp placed in an outer vessel k.

page_text: Figure 5 shows a Serrin lamp enclosed in the ordinary glass cylinder h, and fitted
with my saucer g' containing water or other liquid, covering the screwed joint at
the lower end of the glass cylinder h. The saucer g' may be of glass or metal.
The liquid in the vessel k or g' may if desired be coloured.
By my Invention I produce an absolutely air tight joint, and I thus considerably
lessen the rate of the consumption of the carbon or other electrodo; I also
absolutely prevent explosions which are caused by the formation of an explosive
atmosphere within the globe by the entry of air and its admixture with carbonic
oxide from the combustion of the carbon, such explosive mixture being formed in
case of an imperfect joint.
I claim as applied to electric lamps,-
First. An outer vessel partly or wholly enclosing the globe or cylinder, and
charged with water or other liquid, so as to prevent the entry of air into the
interior of the said globe or cylinder.
Second. The application of a liquid lute or joint to the globe or cylinder, the
said globe or cylinder being partly or wholly immersed in such liquid for the
prevention of air entering into the interior of the said globe or cylinder.
In witness whereof, I, the said Honorable Reginald Thomas Dudley Brougham,
have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty fourth day of August, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty.
LIL L
THOMAS DUDLEY BROUGHAM. (L.S.)