IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDING, DOUBLING, TWISTING, AND SPINNING SILK, COTTON, WOOL, FLAX, HEMP, CORD AND OTHER FILAMENTOUS MATERIALS."
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jean Antoine, de 'Maniquet, of Paris, in the French
Empire, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDING,
DOUBLING, TWISTING, AND SPINNING SILK, COTTON, WOOL, FLAX, HEMP, CORD
AND OTHER FILAMENTOUS MATERIALS.""
Sealed the 8th June 1860, and dated the 28th March 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jean Antoine de Maniquet
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 28th March 1860.
I, JEAN ANTOINE DE MANIQUET, of Paris, in the French Empire, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE
MENTS IN WINDING, DOUBLING, TWISTING, AND SPINNING SILK, COTTON, WOOL, FLAX,
HEMP, CORD, AND OTHER FILAMENTOUS MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
My Invention is intended to effect certain improvements upon an Inven-
tion for which Letters Patent for Great Britain and Ireland were granted
to Jean Baptiste Maniquet, on the Fourteenth April, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-three, No. 915, and consists,-
First, in preparing the slivers or strands to be twisted in such manner
that they shall receive an equal number of turns through the entire length
of the twist.

page_text: Second, in the facility afforded for manufacturing a continuous regular
twist, although the slivers or strands may be irregular, and without destroy-
ing the elasticity of the material and without unravelling it.
Third, in affording means for instantly stopping each spindle or bobbin
during the winding without stopping the machine.
Fourth, in the application of leather, skincloth, caoutchouc, or other suit-
able material to the friction rollers as well as to the bobbins in the machines
herein after mentioned, and in fitting the side packings with points or pins.
Fifth, in the employment of collars fitted to the driving shafts for auto-
matically throwing out of gear either the winding or the spinning, doubling,
and twisting machinery as hereafter described.
Sixth, in the employment of an annular apparatus for winding and
unwinding.
Seventh, in the application of the arrangement of spindles herein-after
described to the spinning of all textile and filamentous materials.
Eighth, in the arrangement of a machine for simultaneously effecting the
three operations of doubling, twisting, and spinning.
According to the ordinary arrangement of spinning machinery, when the
wool, silk, and the like that is wound round a bobbin breaks, the bobbin
continues its rotary motion, whereby it not only becomes difficult to connect
the two ends of the broken thread but the thread on the spindle becomes
entangled, and causes a very considerable loss of time.
Now the first part of this Invention is intended to remedy this defect. The
thread of silk, wool, cotton, or other filamentous material is led from a spindle
through guides, and brought over a glass tube, and thence by other guides to a
second bobbin, and in order to effect the winding of the thread on to the bobbins
a to-and-fro motion is communicated to the thread on the polished surface of
the glass tube in the following manner:-I make use of an endless screw,
which is in gear with a wheel driven by a heart wheel or cam through suitable
gearing, and by the aid of a balance lever and cranks which are attached to a
bar that carries the second-named guides the motion of the thread on the glass
tube is regulated. The second-mentioned bobbins carry forked supports,
which are put in motion by coming into frictional contact with rollers or drums.
When the thread begins to be wound round the bobbins there is not usually
sufficient friction to drive the bobbins, and the spindle only moves. To remedy
this I surround the bobbin with a material, such as leather cloth and the like,
and the roller just mentioned I surround for the whole or only part of its
circumference with several thicknesses of the like material or materials. Pins

page_text: or points are arranged on the roller, which take into the cloth or material with
which the tube is surrounded in order to prevent the sliding of the quill or
reel (roquet) on the cylinder. The motion of the rollers is regulated by
suitable gearing and pulleys. The speed at which the shafts are driven can
be regulated by varying the sizes of the wheels and by altering the position of
their central point in a slide provided for that purpose. Motion is communi-
cated to the spindles by a cylinder arranged parallel with the machine, round
which cylinder bands pass from small pulleys fitted to the shaft on which the
spindles are mounted. The latter shaft carries at its lower part a small lever,
which, when it is desired to stop the motion of one of the spindles in order
to attach a broken thread or to change the bobbin the fork piece before-
mentioned is raised, whereby the desired object is accomplished. This forked
sur port carries a balance weight, which serves to regulate the height of the
bobbin in order to give to the thread, with injuring it, a continuous equal
tension.
The second part of my Invention is intended to produce in a single operation
the doubling, twisting, and spinning of wool, silk, and other filamentous
material. The slivers or threads which constitute the twist receive an equal
number of turns which is called the spinning or first twisting. This operation
takes place on equal lengths of material between the two points of attachment,
one of which is fixed on one side to the spinning spindle and the other to the
twisting spindle. The effect of the torsion at the time when the twist com-
mences is to act as a drawing power in proportion to the diameter of the
material contained in each of the slivers, and as each sliver diminishes in length
and diameter during the operation the strongest become placed in the centre,
the moderate are rolled round them, and the smallest are rolled round the two
others, and to such extent that so soon as one of them varies in diameter it
changes immediately in tension and position, and consequently the slivers
mutuallysustainoneanotherin relation to theirrespective strengthand preserve
in the material elasticity and ductility. Supposing that the material doubled
on each of the quills or reels be of unequal thickness for a twist of three slivers
in the proportion of 1,3,4, the twist obtained under these conditions would
presentaveryregular appearance as the thickest sliver will not project more than
the smallest; the twist will preserve its regularity to the traction howeverstrong
it may be (up to certain limits) without one of the slivers bulging out to the
detriment of the others. If the traction is continued beyond proper limits a
break of the parts will take place, but it will be simultaneous at the same
point in each sliver as if they had been cut by some sharp instrument. The

page_text: principle of my twisting machine is based on the unequal traction of the
slivers which constitute the twist traction which is in a direct relation to
the diameter of each sliver. Thus the particular arrangements of my
machine are intended to produce a tension that shall be always equal, and
especially in proportion to the thickness of the twist, in order to obtain, in
spite of the unequal diameter of each of the fibres, a thread or cord of a
uniform diameter, and capable of offering a perfectly equal resistance.
This twisting machine is characterized by the following distinctive points:-
First, the motion of each arrangement composed of a twisting spindle, and
of two, three, or a greater number of spinning spindles, can be stopped
instantly when one of the strands breaks without stopping any other parts
of the machine. Second the power of regulating in perfectly equal lengths
the distance the strands run before doubling.
This thread passes from a bobbin through a series of guides to a small
pulley mounted on a rod, the height of which can be regulated. The threads
or strands proceeding from the different bobbins meet at a certain guide,
where the doubling and twisting take place. One of the bobbins and its
spindle move in the same direction, but at a different speed. The vertical shaft
which carries this bobbin is furnished at its lower part with an endless screw
regulated by a clutch arranged on the driving shaft. The said vertical shaft is
surrounded by a tube which carries the aforesaid spindle, and which receives
motion from another endless screw furnished with a collar fitted to a driving
shaft. The threads of the endless screws regulate the motion of the bobbin
and of the spindle as desired. The double motion and a different speed are
also obtained by differently arranging the endless screws on the vertical shaft
and the tube for the twisting spindles. The spindles make from two thousand
five hundred to three thousand turns per minute, whilst the speed at which the
bobbins revolve is somewhat less according to the degree of torsion desired to
be obtained. The machine is driven by any power imparted to fixed and loose
pulleys, which are mounted on a shaft carrying wheels and pinions for giving
motion to the various moving parts. The partial throwing out of gear can be
obtained by either of the two arrangements about to be described. The
driving shafts are furnished with collars in two parts in connection with the
endless screws. A rod held by the arms of a lever communicates through a
cord, chain, or band with a hooked lever. When the thread breaks this
hooked lever falls on a cam which has a to-and-fro motion imparted to it.
A balance lever carries at its upper end three hooks for each arrangement, and
at its lower end a single hook which disengages a spring fixed to a shaft which

page_text: carries at its extremities two oscillating levers, which allow that part of the
collar fixed to a groove to slide on the driving shafts, which no longer act
on the endless screws. By a simple arrangement the parts are brought back
to their original position. Stoppage takes place automatically when the
threads break, but the parts can be stopped at other times when desired.
In the other arrangement for throwing out of gear I dispense with the cam
and somewhat modify the other working parts.
Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying Drawings are views of a spinning or
twisting spindle illustrating an improved mode I adopt for mounting the same.
I place the quill or reel immediately above the cap I; the the former is
surmounted by a helical spring J, which is held to the point of the spindle by
a nut J. This nut presses more or less on the cap according to the nature of
the thread to be treated or the speed to be obtained. I also make use of a novel
spindle orapparatus for winding and unwinding,suitable for spinning,doubling,
or twisting any filamentous material, which is illustrated at Figures 3 and 4.
In this apparatus there is a ring having an internal rack formed on it. The
thread or fibre is led through a guide c³ to the middle of the said ring and
surrounds the lower part of the spindle which supports the quill or reel. This
part of the spindle is in the form of an inverted cone m3; the thread passes
from thence through other guides 9 and 10 to the bobbin. The ring m² is
widened at its upper part to conform with the conical form of the spindle
whilst the toothed part gears into pinious 11 and 12, which make it act as an
eccentric on the bar of the reel. A small spring 13 acting on one of the
pinious 12 forces. the ring to press on the conical part. This arrangement
of the spindle is intended to give a regular tension, and the conical form of
the spindle prevents any fall of the filamentous material.
For the drawing or spinning of cotton threads, or of any other material,
I make use of the spindles before described, by which means I obtain a
great regularity in the whole length of the thread..
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Jean Antoine de Maniquet in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 28th September 1860.
ATT
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JEAN
ANTOINE DE MANIQUET, of Paris, in the French Empire, Manufacturer, send
greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-third year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and graut unto
me, the said Jean Antoine de Maniquet, Her special licence that I, the said
Jean Antoine de Maniquet, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Jean Antoine de Maniquet, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United King-
dom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,
an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDING, DOUBLING, TWISTING, AND SPINNING
SILK, COTTON, WOOL, FLAX, HEMP, CORD, AND OTHER FILAMENTOUS MATERIALS," upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Jean Antoine de Maniquet,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Jean Antoine de Maniquet, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto
annexed, that is to say :-
My Invention is intended to effect certain improvements upon an Invention
for which Letters Patent for Great Britain and Ireland were granted to Jean
Baptiste Maniquet on the 14th April 1853, No. 915, and consists,-
First, in preparing the slivers or strands to be twisted in such manner that
they shall receive an equal number of turns through the entire length of
the twist.
Second, in affording facility for manufacturing a continuous regular twist,
although the slivers or strands may be irregular, without destroying the
elasticity of the material, and without unravelling it.
Third, in affording means for instantly stopping each spindle or bobbin
during the winding without stopping the machine.
Fourth, in the application of leather, skin, cloth, caoutchouc, or other
suitable material to the friction rollers, as well as to the bobbins in the

page_text: points or pins.
Fifth, in the employment of collars fitted to the driving shafts, for auto-
matically throwing out of gear either the winding or the spinning, doubling,
and twisting machinery, as hereafter described.
Sixth, in the employment of an annular apparatus for winding and un-
winding.
Seventh, in the application of the arrangement of spindles herein-after
described to the spinning of all textile and filamentous materials.
Eighth, in the arrangement of a machine for simultaneously effecting the
three operations of doubling, twisting, and spinning.
According to the ordinary arrangement of spinning machinery when the
wool, silk, or other fibre that is wound round a bobbin breaks, the bobbin
continues its rotary motion, whereby it not only becomes difficult to connect
the two ends of the broken thread, but the thread on the spindle becomes
entangled, and causes a very considerable loss of time.
.
Now, the first part of this Invention is intended to remedy this defect. The
thread of silk, wool, cotton, or other filamentous material is led from a spindle
through guides, and brought over a glass tube, and thence by other guides to
a second bobbin, and in order to effect the winding of the thread on to the
bobbins, a to-and-fro motion is communicated to the thread on the polished
surface of the glass tube in the following manner:-I make use of an endless
screw which is in gear with a wheel driven by a heart wheel or cam through
suitable gearing, and by the aid of a balance lever and cranks, which are
attached to a bar that carries the second named guides, the motion of the
thread on the glass tube is regulated. The second mentioned bobbins carry
forked supports, which are put in motion by coming into frictional contact
with rollers or drums. When the thread begins to be wound round the
bobbins, there is not usually sufficient friction to drive the bobbins, and the
spindle only moves. To remedy this I surround the bobbin with a material,
such as leather, cloth, and the like, and the roller just mentioned I surround
for the whole or only part of its circumference with several thicknesses of the
like material or materials; pins or points are arranged on the roller, which
take into the cloth or material with which the tube is surrounded, in order to
prevent the sliding of the quill or reel on the cylinder. The motion of the
rollers is regulated by suitable gearing and pulleys. The speed at which the
shafts are driven can be regulated by varying the sizes of the wheels, and by
altering the position of their central point in a slide provided for that purpose.

page_text: Motion is communicated to the spindles by a cylinder arranged parallel
with the machine, round which cylinder bands pass from small pulleys
fitted to the shaft on which the spindles are mounted. The latter shaft
carries at its lower part a small lever, which, when it is desired to stop the
motion of one of the spindles, in order to attach a broken thread, or to
change the bobbin, the fork-piece before mentioned is raised, whereby the
desired object is accomplished. This forked support carries a balance
weight, which serves to regulate the height of the bobbin, to order to give
to the thread without injuring it a continuous equal tension.
The second part of my Invention is intended to produce in a single operation
the doubling, twisting, and spinning of wool, silk, and other filamentous
material. The slivers or threads which constitute the twist receive an equal
number of turns, which is called the spinning or first twisting. This operation
takes place on equal lengths of material between the two points of attachment
one of which is fixed on one side to the spinning spindle, and the other to the
twisting spindle. The effect of the torsion at the time when the twist com-
mences is to act as a drawing power in proportion to the diameter of the
material contained in each of the slivers, and as each sliver diminishes in
length and diameter during the operation, the strongest become placed in the
centre, the moderate are rolled round them, and the smallest are rolled round
the two others, and to such extent that so soon as one of them varies in
diameter it changes immediately in tension and position, and consequently the
slivers mutually sustain one another in relation to their respective strength,
and preserve in the material elasticity and ductility. Supposing that the
material doubled on each of the quills or reels be of unequal thickness for a
twist of three slivers in the proportion of,,, the twist obtained under
these conditions would present a very regularappearance,as the thickest sliver
will not project more than the smallest, the twist will preserve its regularity
to the traction however strong it may be (up to certain limits) without one of
the slivers bulging out to the detrement of the others. If the traction is
continued beyond proper limits a break of the parts will take place, butit will
be simultaneous at the same point in each sliver as if they had been cut by
some sharp instrument. The principle of my twisting machine is based on
the unequal traction of the slivers which constitute the twist traction, which is
in a direct relation to the diameter of each sliver. Thus the particular
arrangements of my machine are intended to produce a tension that shall be
always equal, and especially in proportion to the thickness of the twist, in
order to obtain, in spite of the unequal diameter of each of the fibres, a thread

page_text: or cord of a uniform diameter, and capable of offering a perfectly equal
resistance.
This twisting machine is characterized by the following distinctive
features: First, the motion of each arrangement, composed of a twisting
spindle, and of two, three, or a greater number of spinning spindles, can be
stopped instantly when one of the strands breaks without stopping any other
parts of the machine. Second, the power of regulating in perfectly equal
lengths the distance the strands run before doubling.
The thread passes from a bobbin through a series of guides to a small
pulley mounted on a rod, the height of which can be regulated. The threads
or strands proceeding from the different bobbins meet at a certain guide where
the doubling and twisting take place. One of the bobbins and its spindle
move in the same direction, but at a different speed. The vertical shaft which
carries this bobbin is furnished at its lower part with an endless screw
regulated by a collar arranged on the driving shaft. The said vertical shaft
is surrounded by a tube which carries the aforesaid spindle, and which receives
motion from another endless screw furnished with a collar fitted to a driving
shaft. The threads of the endless screws regulate the motion of the bobbin
and of the spindle as desired. The double motion and a different speed are
also obtained by differently arranging the endless screws on the vertical shaft
and the tube for the twisting spindles. The spindles make from 2,500 to 3,000
turns per minute, whilst the speed at which the bobbins revolve is somewhat
less according to the degree of torsion desired to be obtained. The machine
is driven by any power imparted to fixed and loose pulleys, which are mounted
on a shaft carrying wheels and pinions for giving motion to the various moving
parts. The partial throwing out of gear can be obtained by either of the two
arrangements about to be described. The driving shafts are furnished withi
collars in two parts in connection with the endless screws, a rod held by the
arms of a lever communicates through a cord, chain, or band with a hooked
lever. When the thread breaks this hooked lever falls on a cam which has a
to-and-fro motion imparted to it. A balance lever carries at its upper end
three hooks for each arrangement, and at its lower end a single hook, which
disengages a spring fixed to a shaft which carries at its extremities two
oscillating levers, which allow that part of the collar fixed to a groove to slide
on the driving shafts which no longer act on the endless screws. By a simple
arrangement the parts are brought back to their original position. Stoppage
takes place automatically when the threads break, but the parts can be
stopped at other times when desired. In the other arrangement for throwing

page_text: out of
gear I dispense with the cam, and somewhat modify the other working
parts. For spinning or twisting spindles I place the quill or reed immediately
above the cap; the former is surmounted by a helical spring, which is held to
the point of the spindle by a nut. This nut presses more or less on the cap
according to the nature of the thread to be treated, or the speed to be
obtained. I also make use of a novel spindle or apparatus for winding and
unwinding, suitable for spinning, doubling, or twisting any filamentous
material, as more particularly hereafter described.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings is a longitudinal elevation, partly
in section, and Figure 2 an end view of a winding machine constructed
according to my Invention.
A, A, are the spindles from which the silk or other threads are led through
guides to a glass tube B, and from thence through another guide F (Figure 2)
to the bobbin C. The winding is effected by communicating a to-and-fro
motion to the thread on the polished surface of the tube B, by means of the
mechanism shewn on a large scale at Figures 3 and 4. E, E, are cranks
jointed at each end to the rocking lever 14, which is worked by the eccentric z.
The cranks E, E, are attached to bars or metal rods 15, carrying guides F, F
At each alternate oscillation of the cranks E, E, a counterweight 16, seen at
Figure 1, or a spring, draws them back to their original position. The motion
of the cranks is regulated by the slots 17 formed in the rocking shaft 14.
The bobbins C, carried by the forked uprights G, Figures 5 and 6, are put
in motion by frictional contact with the rollers or drums H, Figure 7. When
the thread begins to distribute itself on the bobbin C the friction is not suffi-
cient to drive the bobbin and the spindle A only moves; to remedy this, the
bobbin C and the roller H are lined with felt, wool, caoutchouc, gutta percha,
or other material, and pins or points are arranged on the roller H to take into
the material with which the bobbin C is lined. The machine is driven in the
following manner:-I is a shaft carrying a fly wheel J. This shaft I carries
a pinion L, which gears into a wheel K mounted on a shaft carrying a pinion
M, which gears into a wheel N. This wheel N, as well as the wheel O, is
mounted on a shaft P, carrying at one end a sector Q. The sector Q which,
as well as the shaft P, is repeated on the left-hand side of the machine carries
the shaft R of the wheel S. U is a pinion mounted on the shaft T, and
gearing into the wheel S. The rollers H, before described, are mounted on
the shaft T, by which means rotary motion is imparted to the bobbins C. The
rotary motion of the shaft T can be varied by altering the size of the wheel S,
and by changing the centre in the slot of the sector Q. The axes of each

page_text: spindle are surrounded by cords or bands, which also pass round the cylinder V
and the throttle pulleys X to drive the spindles. Each axis of the spindles A
carries at its lower end a small gudgeon W, against which a small balance
lever strikes when it is desired to stop the motion of one of the spindles. To
repair a broken thread or to change the spindle or bobbin the forked support
G is raised. This forked support, part of which is shewn at Figures 5 and 6,
carries a counterweight, which is intended to equalize the balance of and to
regulate the height of the bobbin, in order to give the thread without injuring
it a regular and equal tension.
Figure 8 is an end view, partly in section, of a twisting machine con-
structed according to the second part of my Invention; and Figure 9 is a
side elevation of a portion of the same machine.
According to one arrangement forstopping a spindle when the thread breaks,
the arm of the lever a being released by the hooked lever 7 falls and becomes
engaged with the needle point 6, which passes through the shaft c to the rod
or lever d, as shewn clearly in the plan, Figure 10. f, f, are toothed wheels,
which take into the endless screws g,g', placed on shafts one above the other.
The endless screws g' are mounted on a rod of the spindle , and drive the
bobbins which carry the thread; the other screws gare fitted to a tube i, which,
being mounted on the rod of the spindle, communicates a varying speed
but in the same direction to the flyer ¹ mounted on the said spindle. These
two motions are intended to deliver the end, and relieve its first torsion or
spinning before arriving at the twisting spindle. When the needle b changes
its position and when it strikes against the rod d, it causes the shaft c to
revolve slowly. This shaft c (Figure 10) is furnished with a gudgeon j (or
with any other arrangement by which the catch k can be released) adjusted on
a vertical shaft 7, which is pivoted, and is acted upon by a helical spring. The
shaft acts on the upper and lower collars n, n', of each system through the
bars m, m', which carry forks between the teeth of which the part marked n
of each collar works. The collars are arranged in two parts; the part n slides
in a groove on the shaft e or e¹, but cannot revolve without moving with it,
and is worked by the fork on the bar m or m¹, a ring o regulating its course.
The separation of the two parts m and n' is also regulated by a flangen² in
connection with the part n', and kept at a certain degree of pressure by a
screw, and supported by two guides or arms held to the part marked n. The
part n' of the collar is put in motion by a toothed wheel s arranged on-the
driving shaft p or p', Figures 8 and 10, and turns loosely when out of gear,
and allows the shaft e or e¹ as well as the wheels to stop instantly. The

page_text: gearing of the different parts is most simple, and is effected by drawing the
needle to its first position by attaching the broken thread. The horizontal
shaft c, worked by means of the rod q, draws the gudgeon ; or the projection
provided in its place in such manner as to force it to act anew on the catch k,
while the vertical shaft being brought back on its axis by means of the
rod q', forces that part of the collar marked n to gear progressively and
without any shock with the loose part n¹. The shafts e or e¹ are by these
means put in motion as well as the wheels f, and consequently the endless
screws g, g¹, of the spindles. In order to reverse the motion of the twisting
spindle the endless screws g and g' are arranged in a reverse manner to the
endless screws of the spinning spindles, as shewn in Figure 9. In order to
give during the spinning a regular torsion I place above each spindle a rod or
lever r carrying a small pulley, which is kept at any desired height by means
of a pressure screw. The spun threads meet ata guide above the flyer spindle,
are doubled, and receive a twist in the reverse direction. The machine is
driven in the following manner :-The two wheels 1 and 2, Figure 8, rotate
in the same direction through the pinion 3; each of these wheels drives in a
lateral direction the toothed wheel 4, mounted on the lower driving shaft p¹,
while the upper driving shaft p moves in the same direction by the inter-
mediate wheel 5 gearing with the wheel 6, mounted on the shaft p. It is
immaterial whether or not the divided collar on the shaft por p' be removed,
but if it is the driving wheels will take into the collar on the shaft e or e¹.
Figures 11 and 12 are views of another arrangement of machinery by which
the spindle is stopped when a thread breaks. In this case the driving shafts
and p¹ are dispensed with; the shafts e and e¹ receive the first motion, and
consequently are the shafts from which the other parts of the machine receive
their motion; they are continually in motion while the machine is at work,
and carry for each spindle a tube t, the ends only of which touch the
driving shaft. This tube carries the toothed wheels, which act on the
endless screws of the spindles. At the time of throwing out of gear the
shaft and the part marked n of the collar only move, while the part
marked n¹ and the tube stop immediately.
P
Figures 13 and 16 shew a particular arrangement for mounting the
spinning or the twisting spindles. The cap z is placed immediately above the
bobbin C, which is itself surmounted by a helical spring held on the needle
of the spindle by a bolt y, which is held as well as the needle by a screw,
and presses more or less on the cap, according to the kind of thread to be
treated, and the speed to be obtained.

page_text: A
Figure 14 is a view of another form of spindle suitable for spinning or
doubling or twisting any filamentous material; Figure 1 is another plan.
This is an annular arrangement, and is characterized by an annular ring u,
formed with an internal rack. The thread is led through a guide to the
centre of the ring, and surrounds the lower part of the spindle which supports
the bobbin C. This part of the spindle is made in the form of an inverted
cone; the ring is reversed at its upper part to adapt itself to the conical
form of the spindle, while the lower toothed part is in gear with the pinions v
and, which allow it to act as an eccentric at the bottom of the bobbin.
small helical spring acts on the pinion, and thus forces the ring to press
on the conical part of the spindle. For stretching or drawing out the threads
of cotton or of any other material I employ the spindles before described, and
by this means I obtain a greater regularity through the whole length of
thread. The filamentous material delivered by the rollers 7 and 8, Fig. 16,
is stretched by the cylinders 9 and 10, and finally arrives at the bobbin C.
When a sliver is too large the rollers 9 and 10 prevent its too speedy
deliverance, and the spindle not decreasing its speed draws out the thread
and reduces it to the required thickness.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim as my improve
ments in winding, doubling, twisting, and spinning silk, cotton, wool, flax,
hemp, cord, and other filamentous material,-
First, the preparing of slivers or strands to be twisted in such manner
that they shall receive an equal number of turns through the entire length
of the twist, as herein-before described.
Second, the manufacturing a continuous regular twist, although the
slivers or strands may be irregular and without destroying the elasticity of
the material, and without unravelling it, as herein-before described.
Third, the arrangement or arrangements of machinery for instantly stopping
the motion of a single spindle or bobbin without stopping the whole system,
as herein-before described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings.
Fourth, the application of leather, skin, cloth, caoutchouc, or other suit-
able material to the friction rollers as well as to the bobbins in spinning,
doubling, and winding machines, and in fitting the side packings with points
or pins, in the manner and for the purposes herein-before described and
illustrated in the accompanying Drawings.
Fifth, the employment of collars fitted to the driving shafts, for automa-
tically throwing out of gear either the winding or the spinning, doubling,

page_text: and twisting machinery, as herein-before described and illustrated in the
accompanying Drawings.
Sixth, the construction of an annular apparatus or spindle for winding
and unwinding, as herein-before described and illustrated in the accom-
panying Drawings.
Seventh, the general arrangement of machinery herein-before described
and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings for effecting the three
operations of doubling, twisting, and spinning
In witness whereof, I, the said Jean Antoine de Maniquet, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of September, One
thousand eight hundred and sixty.
J. A. DE MANIQUET. (L.S.)
Witness,
CH. ARMENGAUD, Jo., Ing. Civil,
23, Boulevt de Strasbourg,
à Paris.