CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PUSHER BOBBIN NET MACHINE
Year: 1825

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
CROWDER, of New Radford, in the County of Nottingham, Lace Net Manu-
facturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS I did, by Petition, humbly represent to His present Majesty
King George the Fourth that I had invented "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
PUSHER BOBBIN NET MACHINE;" His Majesty was pleased to issue His Letters
Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at Westminster,
the Thirty-first day of May, in the sixth year of His reign, which Letters
Patent do give and grant unto me, the said Joseph Crowder, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or to my and their servants or agents, His said
Majesty's especial licence to make, use, exercise, and vend my said In-
vention within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and
to have, hold, and enjoy the whole profit and advantage arising by reason of the
said Invention during the term of fourteen years from the date of the said
Letters Patent; by which His Majesty also requires and strictly commands
all His subjects whatsoever, within England, Wales, and the Town of Ber-
wick-upon-Tweed aforesaid, that, during the continuance of the said term
of fourteen years, they shall not, either directly or indirectly, make, use, or put
in practise my said Invention, or any part of it, or in anyways counterfeit,
imitate, or resemble the same; the said Letters Patent also contain a proviso
obliging me, the said Joseph Crowder, to particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to bo
performed, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, and cause

page_text: the same to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within
six calendar months after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that in fulfillment of the said proviso, I, the said
Joseph Crowder, have executed this Instrument, by which I do declare that
my said Improvements on the Pusher Bobbin Net Machine are described
and ascertained in the manner following:-
My Improvements on the Pusher Bobbin Net Machine are designed for
the purpose of reducing the number of motions of the mechanism requisite to
the formation of the hole or mesh of the net in that particular kind of
machinery. In the pusher machine (commonly called Crowder and Day's
Improved Pusher), fourteen general motions of the mechanism are requisite
to complete the formation of one hole or mesh, but my present improvements
render only ten motions requisite to effect that object. These improvements
may be divided into three different heads.
First, the employment of two series of pushers on each side of the
machine, which are attached to two distinct bars in the front of the machine,
and to two distinct bars in the back of the machine; these I term the upper
and lower front pusher bars, and the upper and lower back pusher bars.
Secondly, in the employment of a single bar, carrying a series of guides
for conducting the whole series of warp threads, in place of the two bars
heretofore used in a pusher machine for the same purpose, to which is to be
adapted certain cam wheels (or what is commonly called Dawson's wheels)
to effect that sliding or lateral movement of these bars which is usually
termed shogging.
Thirdly, the introduction into a pusher machine of two bars, which I call
locker bars or fetchers, similar to the bars called catch bars, locker bars, or
fetchers, employed in a levers bobbin net machine. These bars are for the pur-
pose of drawing away the bobbins and carriages through the warp threads, after
they have been projected by the pushers from the opposite side of the machine,
and also the mechanism necessary for actuating these locker or fetcher bars.
In order to render these my improvements more evident, I have repre-
sented in the accompanying Drawing, at Figure 1, a vertical section taken
across the machine near the middle, and in Figure 2, a horizontal view,
partly in section, of one end of the machine in which Figures the situations
and actions of the above-mentioned improved parts are shewn, and are
referred to by similar letters in both Figures. I should however here premise
that a pusher machine upon the principle called Crowder and Day's Improved
Pusher, being well understood by competent workmen in the trade, and not
claimed under my present Patent, I have merely shewn and described the

page_text: general construction of such a machine; and in order to point out clearly the
manner of adapting, and the use of the several newly-introduced parts con-
stituting my present improvements, when attached to or combined with the
principal parts of the mechanism of a machine of the said construction, a is
the roller or beam upon which the warp threads are wound; these threads pass
from the roller through the slay b, and thence through the guide c, down to
the points d, toward the work roller c. ff. are the back and front bolts, upon
which the bobbin carriages 9 slide to and fro; h and i are the two series of
back pushers; and k are the two series of front pushers; these, being
actuated by means hereafter to be explained, strike against the ears of the
bobbin carriages, and project them from the back to the front bolts, and from
the front to the back bolts alternately; is the back locker or fetcher bar; m
is the front locker or fetcher bar, which falling upon the inclined planes on the
inner sides of the ears of the carriages g, draw them back to the extent of the
bolt. The operations of the machine are performed by moving the arms n, n,
which are suspended from the longitudinal spindle bars at top, and are
attached together by a cross bar, passing under the work roller. On drawing
out the front arms n, the back arms n will move inwards, raising the locking
bar l, and driving the pushers and i, which project the carriages 9 from
the back to the front bolts, the pushers j and k retiring at the same time, and
the locker bar m dropping upon the cars of the carriages, draw the carriages
to the extent of the bolts, as above said. On moving the front arms n inward,
the back arms n will of course retire, the locking. bar m rising when tho
pushers j and k project the carriages 9 from the front to the back bolts, and
the locking bar falling upon the ears of the carriages, draws them to the
back of the bolt, the mechanism assuming the positions seen in the section
Figure 1.
The oscillating movements of the arms, by which the pushers are made to drive
the bobbin carriages to and fro through the warp threads, having been described,
I now proceed to explain the means of shogging or giving the lateral move-
ments to the several bars for the purpose of shifting the situations of the
bobbins, and causing the bobbin threads to twist round the warp: threads
as they pass to and fro. This will be more evidently seen by reference to the
horizontal view of the end of the machine shewn at Figuro 2. A barrel. o,. o,
is placed transversely at the end of the machine, in, a horizontal. position,
turning upon pivots. This barrel carries several.cam wheels and two ratchets,
and is the apparatus known as "Dawson's wheels." The barrel is actuated
by perpendicular drivers connected with, the vibrating spindles at top, from
which the arms n, n, are suspended; and as these arms, oscillate, the drivers

page_text: rise and fall, which drivers, acting upon the peripheries of two ratchet wheels,
P. p, having five teeth in each, drive them and the barrel one entire revolution:
by ten strokes or oscillating motions of the machine; this however is a con-
trivance well known. Upon this barrel there are seven cam wheels cut with
suitable elevations and depressions for shogging or sliding laterally the four
pusher bars, the one guide bar, and the two bolt bars, there being sliding pieces,.
connected to the ends of these bars, acting severally against the peripheries of
the respective cam wheels. Though the performance of the mechanism depends
principally upon the accuracy with which the elevations and depressions upon
the peripheries of these seven cam wheels are cut, I cannot state the diameters
of, the parts of the several cams, as that will always depend upon the gage of
the machine, or in other words, upon the number of bobbins to be employed
in every inch, but the mode of cutting these cam wheels suited to any kind
of lace machine is well understood by the trade. Supposing the several parts
of the mechanism to be in a situation for beginning the formation of a mesh
or hole of the net, as shewn in the two Figures, the bobbin carriages g being
all in the back bolt bar, I make the first stroke of the machine by drawing
out the front arms n; this causes the back locking bar to rise and the back
pushers h and i to drive all the bobbin carriages g from the back to the front
bolts f, and the front locking bar m falling draws the carriages to the extent
of the bolts, at the same time a stroke of the driver attached to the front top
spindle bar, as before mentioned, falls upon the ratchet p, drives the barrel o
one tenth part of its revolution;-this causes the cam wheel q to shog the lower
front pusher bar one gate or space to the left, and the cam r to shog the
upper pusher barj two spaces to the left, the cams to shog the guide bar c
one space to the left, the two bolt bars f, f, and the two back pusher bars h
and, having remained stationary. This admits of the bobbins and their
carriages at the-next stroke to pass on the right side of the warp threads,
Pushing the front arm n. inwards gives the second stroke of the machine;
this sends in the pushers j and k, which drive all the bobbin carriages from the
front to the back bolts f, passing the bobbins on the right of the warp threads,
as above said. The locking bar Z having fallen and drawn back the carriages,
as explained before, this stroke of the machine causes the driver connected to
the back top spindle bar to drive the other ratchet wheel p, and with it the
barrel o, one tenth of a revolution, as before, and to bring the cams t to act
against the end of the back bolt barf and to shog it one space to the left,
and the cam v to shog the lower back pusher bar i one space to the left,
i
the upper back pusher h, 'the two front pusher bars j and k, the front bolt bár,
and the guide bar c, remaining stationary. Drawing out the front arms n to

page_text: produce the third motion causes the back pushers, which now stand exactly
over each other, to project one half, that is, every alternate bobbin carriage
from the back to the front bolts passing them on the left of the warp thread.
The barrel o has now proceeded three tenths of its revolution, when a recess in
the cam allows the upper front pusher bar j to slide one space to the right
(helical or worm springs being attached to all the bars, for the purpose of
keeping their ends up against the cams or stops). The other bars are all
stationary at this part of the operation. The fourth movement :-The front
arms n are pushed inwards, but owing to the situation of the front pushers they
now pass between the carrigges which rest upon the front bolts, and produce
what is termed a blank motion, that is, without effecting any change in the
situations of the bobbin carriages; but only causing the driver to rack the
ratchet one tooth and bring the barrel o into the fourth position. The cams.
now are so placed as to cause the front bolt bar f to shog one space to the
left, and also the lower front pusher bar one space to the left, the back bolt bar:
one space to the right, the upper front pusher bar, the two back pusher bars,
and the guide bar being all stationary. The fifth motion of the front arms n
(outward) causes the back pushers to drive the other half set of bobbin
carriages from the back to the front bolts, passing them now on the left sides
of the warp threads; consequently, the third and fifth motions have crossed.
the bobbin threads upon the warp threads. At this part of the operation the
front point bar d is raised by a lever which is actuated by a snail upon a
transverse axle, not shewn; this lever by pressing upon the arm u, extending
from the point bar, withdraws and raises the points out of the work, and then
letting the bar fall again causes the points d to take down the crossed or
twisted threads last described, and so complete one half of the hole or mesh:
This last-mentioned apparatus is well known in the trade under the name of
Kirkland's Point Tackle. The cams upon the barrel now shog the lower front
pusher bar one space to the right, the upper front pusher bar one space-
to the left, the front bolt bar one space to the right, the guide bar one-
space to the left, the back bolt bar and the two back pusher bars being
stationary. At the sixth movement the front pushers j and k project all the
bobbin carriages from the front to the back bolts, passing them on the right
sides of the warp thread, when the cams on the barrel will shog the lower
back pushers i one space to the right, the upper back pushers h one space to
the left, and the guide cone space to the right, the other bars remaining
stationary: The seventh movement brings all the bobbin carriages from the
back to the front, passing them on the left sides of the warp thread; the cams
now shogging the upper front pushers j one space to tlie right, the guide cone
space to the left, the back bolts f one space to the left, the lower back pusliors

page_text: one space to the left, the other bars remaining stationary. At the eighth move
meut the half of the bobbin carriages, as before, are pushed from the front t
the back bolts, passing on the right sides of the warp threads: The cam 8.no
shogs the guides one, space to the left, all the other bars remaining stationary
and at the ninth movement the pushers advance from the back without touchin
the carriages, which is a blink movement, half the carriages being situated i
the front bolts and the other half in the back bolts. The cams now shog th
front bolts one space to the left, the back bolts and the two series of back pusher
one space, to the right, the two front pusher, bars and the guide bar being sta
tionary. The tenth movement projects the half set of carriages from the fron
to the back bolts through on the right side of the warp threads, and by the
eighth and tenth movements produce the crossing of the threads upon the warp
At this time the back point bar is drawn out of the work and raised, as befurg
described, and on falling the points take down the crossing or twist of the
threads and completes the hole or mesh. The cam barrel now shogs the front
lower pushers one space to the right, the front bolts one space to the right, the
guides two spaces to the right, the upper back pushers one space to the left,
and the remaining bars are stationary. This is the situation of the cams at
the commencement of the ten motions. At the left end of the machine a
pusher is to be removed from each of the front bars, in order to affect what is
called the traverse. It is to be observed, that at every motion of the
machine one of the locking or fetcher bars falls against the cars of the car-
riages, for the purpose of drawing then back from between the warp threads,
as above described. The rising and falling actions of these locking bars are
produced by pieces of mechanism, having inclined planes attached to arms w,
extending from the locking bars seen in Figure 1, and by tappets or friction
rollers a, a, on the sides of the oscillating armsn. Both sides of this piece of
mechanism are seen in the Figure as attached to the back and front parts of
the machine. As long as the tappetts a, a, press upon the inclined planes y and "
the locker bar will be kept raised as at m;. but on the arm n moving outwards,
the tappet passes through a notch or recess in the inclined planes, allowing
the arin w to rise and the locking bar to fall on to the ears of the bobbin
carriages, as seen at l. On the return of the arm m inwards, the smaller
tappet runs under the inclined planes, which rises upon its joint for the
purpose of allowing the tappet to pass, at which time the larger tappet x, 3
coming upon the inclined plane y, presses down the arm w, and raises the bar,
s at m, which becomes confined in its elevated situation by the small tappet
ntil released by the next outward motion of the arm n.
Though I have described the construction of a pusher machine for making
obbin net lace, yet I wish it to be understood that I do not claim all the parts 4

page_text: of such a machine, even though several of those parts are new, as applied to
a pusher machine (videlicit), the inverted positions of the bobbin carriages,"
as shewn in the Drawing, moving upon single tier circular bolts, are new
contrivances and my Invention, but have been used before the date of the
above recited Letters Patent; therefore I confine my present claim,―
First, to the introduction and employment of two series of pushers on each
side of the machine, attached to two distinct bars at the front of the machine,
and two distinct bars at the back, which bars are plain straight bars extending
along the machine, with pusher leads attached thereto as usual, the sectional
form of these bars being shewn in Figure 1.
Secondly, the introduction and employment of a single bar for carrying a
series of guards, to be attached thereto in the ordinary way in place of two
bars as heretofore used for that purpose, which bar is likewise a plain straight
bar extending along the machine, the sectional form of which is shewn in the
Figure 1.
Thirdly, the introduction and employment of the two bars which I have
called locker or fetcher bars, and the mechanism for working them. These
bars are also plain straight bars extending along the machine, the sectional form
of which is shewn in the Drawings. These several bars may be attached in
any convenient way to the other parts of the mechanism.
And lastly, I claim the introduction of these said improvements into a pusher
bobbin net machine, whether such machine be actuated by hand or by rotary
power.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Crowder, have hereunto set my
band and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and twenty-five.
JOSEPH (L.S.) CROWDER.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the same Twenty-ninth day of
November, in the year above mentioned, the aforesaid Joseph Crowder came
O before our Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specifi-
cation aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained, in form above
written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the
tenor of the Statute in that case made and provided.
T
.
CAT