Improvements in Gas-lamps.
Year: 1892

page_text: COME MEIE DIELEWATION.
Improvements in Gas-lamps.
I, BERTHOLD ZEITSCHEL of 12, Ritter Strasse, Berlin, in the Kingdom of
Prussia, German Empire, Works Manager do hereby declare the nature of my
said invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to a gas-lamp having two distinct flames, one burning
upwards and the other downwards. Each of the flames may be employed separately,
and when both are lighted, the effect is a most brilliant and steady one, as the
supply of gas to each lamp is made through an independent pipe. A special
feature of my improved lamp is also that all devices for heating the air outside
the globe and the chimney in which the flames burn have been abandoned
completely.
By the employment of two flames, one spreading a brilliant light towards the
ceiling, and the other towards the floor, I avoid a defect found in all intensive or
regenerative gas-lamps in use hitherto, which left a great part of the floor or of the
ceiling in comparative darkness, in consequence of the shadow occasioned by the
air- or gas-heating apparatus placed above or below the lamp and consisting of
opaque materials. In my improved lamp such air- or gas-heaters are not resorted
to, as the air and gas are sufficiently heated by the small amount of heat transferred
to them by radiation and by transmission in the combustion-chambers. I wish to
state expressly that I do not intend to superheat gas or air in their way to the
flames. By the abandonment of the aforesaid gas- and air-heaters consisting of
refractory opaque materials, I am enabled to employ two flames in the above
mentioned manner and thereby to illuminate with the same amount of light both
floor and ceiling of a room.
The construction of the lamp also permits of the application of ornaments, such
as lamp-shades of artistic design, which hitherto was not possible at all or only in
a very slight degree with the usual intensive gas-lamps. Thus my improved lamp
may be used conveniently to light saloons and halls in private buildings, whereas
hitherto lamps of the same class were chiefly employed for shops, business-rooms,
restaurants and the like.
The better to make my meaning understood, I will proceed to describe a lamp
constructed according to my improvements, referring to the accompanying drawing,
which is a sectional elevation of the said lamp.
The gas-pipe A communicates with the two branch-pipes B C, in which cocks DE
are inserted, so that gas may be supplied through both branch-pipes B C, or only
through one of them. The lower ends of the pipes B and C are connected to the
upper half F and lower half G respectively of the gas-chamber H. The latter is
an annular space divided into the chambers F and G by the partition I. A series
of tubes J placed in a circle leads upwards from the chamber F, and a series of
similar tubes K leads downwards from the chamber G, whereby two ring-burners L
and M are formed. Through the axis of the burners is passed an escape tube N,
which extends to such height above the burner L that the upper flame is not
influenced by the draught caused by the gases of combustion from the lower flame
moving upwards through the tube N. The said lower flame burns within a closed
chamber formed by the globe O; this chamber is closed on top by the plate P,
provided with annular extension Q and with holes R placed in a circle close to the
orifice of the tubes K; the space between the tubes K and inner tube N is however
left free. To the ring Q, I also secure a wire hoop S, on which the bolt T is fixed
by means of an eye; the lower end of the bolt is threaded and receives the disc U,
which serves to close the globe O at bottom. A suitable spring or packing is

page_text: inserted between the edge of the globe O and the disc U. The combustion-
chamber of the upper flame is closed at bottom by the plate P¹, provided with
annular extension and with holes R' placed in a circle close to the orifice of the
tubes J; the space between the tubes J and central tube N is left free. On the
plate Prests the glass chimney V, being placed concentrically with the tube N.
The plates P and P' are secured to the gas-chamber H by means of brackets W
and W' respectively. At the bottom end of the tube N I secure a metal ring X
by means of countersunk screws, and a similar ring X is fixed in the same way
immediately above the burner I. The two rings X and X' act upon the flames as
spreaders. To the plate P' I also secure the ring Y, adapted to receive and to
support the shade Z. It is obvious, that a shade may also be fixed to the plate P
in a similar way.
The upper flame is lighted either by holding a burning match or small flame at
the top of the chimney V, the cock D being of course open, or by applying the
said match through the holes R'. The gas escaping from the tubes is ignited
thereby, and the air necessary for the combustion is supplied through the said
holes R' and through the free space between the tubes J themselves and the central
tube N. The upper flame burning, the lower flame may be lighted by simply
turning the cock E. Air is supplied to the lower flame through the holes R and
through the free space between the tubes K themselves and the central tube N.
The lower flame may also be lighted independent of the upper one by opening only
the cock E and bringing a burning match or other flame near the holes R. When
wishing hereafter to light the upper flame, it will be sufficient to open also the
cock D, as the hot gases ascending the tube N will ignite the gas escaping from
the burner L.
It will be seen that the air is heated but slightly by radiation while travelling
to the flames. Nor is the gas brought to a high temperature before being ignited.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :
1. In a gas-lamp: The manner of heating the air and gas travelling to the flame
merely by radiation, and by transmission within the combustion-chamber, without
employing any heating apparatus placed outside the said chamber, for the purpose
as described.
2. In a gas-lamp: The arrangement of two flames burning one above the other,
one upwards and the other downwards, for the purpose as described.
3. În a gas-lamp: The gas-chamber H provided with a ring-burner L directed
upwards and another ring-burner M directed downwards, the escape-tube N for
the hot gases from the lower flame passing concentrically through the upper
burner Land towering above the same, substantially as and for the purpose
described.
4. In a gas-lamp: The gas-chamber H, divided into two chambers F and G by
the partition I, each of the said chambers F and G being connected to the gas-
pipe A by branch-pipes B and C respectively, and cocks D E being inserted in
these branch-pipes, substantially as and for the purpose described.
GEO. H. RAYNER,
37, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Agent for the Applicant.