IM- PROVEMENTS IN LOOMS
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Foster Burlock, of Birmingham, Con-
necticut, United States of America, but at present of 47, Lincoln's
Inn Fields, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of " IM-
PROVEMENTS IN LOOMS."-A communication from abroad by Charles
Henry Chapman, of Shirley, Massachusetts, United States of
America.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Foster
Burlock at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
his Petition, on the 14th September 1875.
I, FREDERICK FOSTER BURLOCK, of Birmingham, Connecticut, United
States of America, but at present of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS," a communication to me from abroad by
Charles Henry Chapman, of Shirley, Massachusetts, United States of
America, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to that description of looms or apparatus for
weaving in respect of which Letters Patent were granted to John Henry

page_text: Johnson, July 23, 1874, No. 2584; and myself, September 30, 1874,
No. 3350; and has for its object more particularly the better adaptation
of the apparatus to the weaving. of elastic web and other goods of
similar widths, although it is equally applicable to the weaving of tape
and like fabrics.
According to one part of this Invention, in lieu of attaching a needle
or needles directly to the needle arm, as described in the Specification of
the second Letters Patent aforesaid, it is. proposed to employ a slide or
carrier for carrying the needle or needles, which is so arranged as to
traverse along a guide rod or rods, or in a groove, or in or on other
guideways formed in, on, or secured to the frame.
--
The slide is slotted or otherwise formed so as to receive or embrace
the upper extremity of a lever arm, the opposite or lower extremity of
which is hinged to a stud centre carried on the frame at the side of the
loom, and by preference at the outside of such frame. The lever is
actuated by means of a crank stud fitted adjustably on a crank disc, or
by a cam or eccentric mounted on a side longitudinal shaft, which is
operated by bevel gearing from the cam or driving shaft of the loom.
Under the action of the crank disc, cam, or eccentric, the needles are
⚫ carried through the shed in their forward motion, whereas the return :
motion is effected by means of a helical spring acting upon the slide or
carrier so as to draw back the same.
Another part of this Invention has reference to the tension apparatus,
and the means of stopping the loom when a breakage of the weft thread
occurs.
In carrying out this part of the Invention the thread is conducted off
from the spools through eyes over pulleys covered with sand paper or
having a roughened surface, then through other eyes situate above in the
frame of the loom, and thence over drops or rocking levers, which are
arranged in a similar manner to the drops or rocking levers employed for
the warp stop motion described in the Specification of the second Patent
aforesaid, so that when a breakage of the thread takes place the respective
-drop-is-caused-to-swivel, and acts upon mechanism_for_shifting_the_belt
on to the loose pulley. For this purpose the drops are arranged in-con-
nection with a rocking bar, which works in contact with a double armed
lever in such a manner as to cause the upper. arm of the lever, which in
the normal working of the apparatus rides. over. a projection on the, rod

page_text: described in the said Specification for releasing the belt shipper, to come
into contact with such projection when the thread is broken, whereby
the rod is impelled forward and the latch retaining the belt shipper is.
released, and the loom is immediately stopped.
This arrangement may be modified, and combined or not with a warp
stop motion, as desired.
From the drops the thread is conducted to eyes situate towards the
front of the loom, thence back to and through eyes formed in slides,
which are fitted on longitudinal rods in such a manner as to admit of
their sliding forward by the act of the needles drawing their supply of
thread, and of their resuming their normal position under the action of
india-rubber or other springs. The thread then passes around a wire
or other guide through the needle slide, and thence to the eyes of the
needles.
Another part of this Invention relates to certain improvements in con-
nection with the shuttle and its cam.
"
The shuttle cam consists of a body fitted on the cam shaft, and formed
with recesses for the reception of adjustable lever arms, which con-
stitute the cams proper, and by varying the position of which in such
recesses the throw may be regulated as required.
The upper projecting arm of the shuttle carrier, described in the
Specification of the first Patent aforesaid, is provided with a hinged bell-
crank or elbow lever, which is acted upon by a spring and controlled by.
suitable curved and rectilineal guides, so as to cause it to act upon and
rise from the shuttle at the required moment.
filed by the said Frederick Foster Burlock in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 8th March 1876.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FREDERICK
O FOSTER BURLOCK, of Birmingham, Connecticut,. United States of
America, but at present of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, send greeting.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FREDERICK
O FOSTER BURLOCK, of Birmingham, Connecticut, United States of
America, but at present of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of September, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in
the Thirty-ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto me, the said Frederick Foster Burlock,
Her special license that I, the said Frederick Foster Burlock, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Frederick Foster Burlock, my executors, administrators, or assigns,
should at any time agree with and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term thercin expressed, should and
-lawfully-might-make,-use,-exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN Looмs," a communication
to me from abroad by Charles Henry Chapman, of Shirley, Massa-
chusetts, United States of America, upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Frederick Foster Burlock, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
'months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Frederick Foster Burlock, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement, reference being had to the
accompanying Drawings and to the letters and figures marked thereon,
that is to say :-
The said Invention relates to that description of looms or apparatus for
weaving in respect of which Letters Patent were granted to John Henry
Johnson, July Twenty-third, One thousand eight-hundred-and-seventy-
four, No. 2584; and myself, September Thirtieth, One thousand eight
-hundred-and-seventy-four, No. 3350-; and has for its object more par-
ticularly the better adaptation of the apparatus to the weaving of
.elastic web and other goods of similar widths, although it is equally
applicable-to-the-weaving of tape and like fabrics.
The Invention has reference chiefly to the mode of arranging and
operating the needle or needles to an improved weft stop motion, and to
improvements in connection with the shuttle and its carrier.

page_text: And in order that the said Invention may be fully understood, I shall
now proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose
shall refer to the several Figures on the annexed Sheet of Drawings,
the same letters of reference indicating corresponding parts in all
the Figures.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings represents a side elevation of
a portion of the loom with some of the improvements which form the
subject of this Invention applied thereto; Figure 2 is a front view, and
Figure 3 a plan of the same, both corresponding to Figure 1.
Figure 4 is a detail sectional elevation drawn to an enlarged scale
illustrating the operation of the weft stop motion.
Figure. 5 represents in elevation and plan an improved arrangement of
cam which may be employed for operating the shuttle.
.
Figure 6 represents an elevation of the shuttle guide and its carrier
with the improvements applied thereto; and Figures 7, 8, and 9 are
enlarged detail views illustrating the latter.
That part of this Invention which relates to the mode of arranging
and operating the needle or needles is illustrated in Figures 1, 2, and 3
of the Drawings. In these Figures two needles are shewn, but the
arrangement is equally applicable with one needle only when the par-
ticular class' of work only requires the employment of a single needle.
In carrying out this part of the Invention, in lieu of attaching the
needles a, a, directly to the needle arm, as described in the Specification
of the Letters Patent No. 3350% aforesaid, a slide or carrier bis
employed for carrying the needles, which is so arranged as to traverse
along a guide rod c and a guiding surface d, carried by the frame d'.
The slide is slotted or otherwise formed so as to receive or embrace
the upper extremity of a lever arm e, the opposite or lower extremity of
which is hinged to a stud centre f, carried on the frame at the side of
the loom, and by preference at the outside of such frame. The lever e
is actuated by means of a crank stud g, fitted adjustably on a crank
disc (or by a cam or eccentric) mounted on a side longitudinal shaft i,
which is supported in bearings k, k, and operated by bevel gearing
from the driving shaft m of the loom. Under the action of the crank
disc (or of the cam or eccentric when employed in substitution there-

page_text: for) the needles a, a, are carried through the shed in their forward
motion, and the return motion is effected by means of a helical spring n
acting upon the slide or carrier b so as to draw back the same.
Another part of this Invention, which is illustrated in Figures 1, 2, 3,
and 4, has reference to the tension apparatus, and the means of stopping
the loom when a breakage of the weft thread occurs.
The rocking levers w, 201,
In carrying out this part of the Invention the thread is conducted off
from spools, not shewn in the Drawings, through eyes p, p, over or
around pullies q, q, covered with sand paper or having a roughened
surface, then through other eyes situate-above-in-the-frame-d-of
the loom, and thence over drops or rocking levers 8, 8, which are
mounted on a stationary rod t, and arranged in a similar manner to the
drops or rocking levers employed for the warp stop motion described in
the Specification of the Letters Patent, No. 3350%, aforesaid, so that
when a breakage of the thread o of either of the needles a, a, takes place
the respective drops is caused to swivel by the preponderance of its
lower arm n, and acts upon mechanism for shifting the belt on to the
loose pulley. For this purpose there is mounted on a shaft » two
rocking levers w, w¹, operated by a cam on the driving shaft m, and
having jointed to them at x curved bars y, y³.
are connected together by a cross bar z, and the curved bars y, y¹, are
connected together by cross bars z' and 1, the two bars and 1 being
united by means of a helical spring 2. To the upper end of the rocking
lever w¹ there is pivotted at 3 a double armed lever, with the lower arm 4
of which the upper end of the rocking bar y¹ is maintained normally in
contact by means of the helical spring 2, so as to cause the upper arm 5
of such lever, during the vibration of the rocking levers w, w¹, in the
normal working of the loom, to ride over the projection 6 on the rod 7,
which acts in connection with apparatus for releasing the belt 'shipper
in the manner described in the Specification of the Letters Patent,
No. 3350, granted as aforesaid. When however one of the threads o
-breaks.the_corresponding drop falls back so as to bring its end u in front
of the cross bar z¹ of the bars y, y³, into the position shewn by dotted
-lines-in-Figure-4,-whereby-the-upper-end-of-the-bar-y-is-prevented.from_
acting upon-the-lower arm 4 of the double armed lever, so as to elevate
its upper arm 5 clear of the projection 6; the arm 5 is consequently
brought into contact with the projection 6, whereby the rod 7 is
'impelled forward, and the latch retaining the belt shipper, as described

page_text: in the said former Specifications, is released, and the loom is immediately
stopped..
This arrangement may be combined or not with a warp stop motion
as desired:
From the drops 8, 8, the thread o is conducted to eyes 9, 9, situato
towards the front of the loom, thence back to and through eyes formed
in slides 10, 10, which are fitted on longitudinal rods 11, 11, in such a
manner as to admit of their sliding forward by the act of the needles a, a,
drawing their supply of thread, and of their resuming their normal'
position under the action of india-rubber or other springs 12, 12. The
thread o then passes around a wire or other guide 13 through the needle
slide b, and thence to the eyes of the needles a, a.
It is preferred to construct the cam for operating the shuttle in the
manner shown in Figure 5, but no claim is made to that arrangement as
forming any part of this Invention.
The cam consists of a body 14 fitted on the cam shaft m, and formed
with rccesses 15, 15, for the reception of adjustable lever arms or
bars 16, 16, which constitute the cams proper. These lever arms are
pivotted at 17, 17, and suitably slotted at their opposite extremity, where
they are attached by set screws 18, 18, to the body 14 in such a manner
as to admit of the position of the lever arms 16, 16, being varied in
the recesses 15, 15, in order to regulate the throw of the cams as
required.
The improvements in connection with the shuttle consist in providing
the upper projecting arm of the shuttle carrier, described in the Speci-
'fication of the Letters Patent, No. 2584%, aforesaid, with a hinged bell-
crank or elbow lover, which is acted upon by a spring and controlled by
suitable guides, so as to cause it to act upon and rise from tho shuttle at
the required moments.
These improvements are illustrated by Figures 6, 7, 8; and 9 of the
Drawings. 19 is the arm of the shuttle carrier 27, to which there is
pivotted a bell-crank or elbow lever 20, having projections 21 and 22,
the former of which slides in contact with the guide surface x¹ of the
shuttle guide 23, whilst the latter 22 is acted upon by the spring 24. In
the side of the sluttle guide 23 there is formed a slot or recess 25,
and an inclined surface 26, whereby the projection 21, during the motion

page_text: of the carrier 27 along the rod 28, is alternately caused to enter the slot
or recess 25, thereby allowing the spring 24 to force the arm 29 of the
clbow lever 20 into contact with the end of the shuttle 30, and then to
leave such recess under the action of the incline 26, so as to admit of
the arm 29 of the elbow lever 20 rising out of contact with the end of
the shuttle 30 at the required periods.
| Having now described and particularly ascertained the 'nature of the
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used
or carried into effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider
to be novel and original and therefore claim as the Invention..secured...
to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,-
First. The combination with the slide 6 carrying the needle or
needles a of the vibrating lever e, operated through the intervention of
the intermediate longitudinal shaft i from the driving shaft m of the
loom, substantially in the manner herein-before described and illustrated ]
by the accompanying Drawings.
Second. The combination of the drops a mounted on the stationary
rod t, and over which the weft threads are passed, with the rocking
levers w, w¹, the double armed lever 4, 5, and the projection 6 on the
rod 7, all arranged and operating substantially as and for the purpose
herein-before described and illustrated by the accompanying Drawings.
Third. The combination with the shuttle carrier of a hinged bell-crank
or elbow lever, arranged and operating substantially as and for the
purpose herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick Foster Burlock, have 2
to this my Specification set my hand and seal, the First day of
March One thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.