Improvements in Magazine Small Arms.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 27th Dec., 1892-1ccepted, 8th July, 1893
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Magazine Small Arms.
I ANDREAS WILHELM SCHWARZLOSE of No. 22 Wilhelm Strasse, Stettin,
Germany, Armourer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :-
My said invention relates to an improved construction of magazine small arms
with automatic safety devices and in which the loading devices are operated
automatically after each shot by the recoil of the explosive gases. My said
invention is however partly applicable to small arms in which the loading is
effected by hand.
In order that the details of my said invention may be more clearly understood I
will describe it with reference to the accompanying drawing which illustrates its
application to a repeating pistol automatically reloaded by the recoil.
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section with the breech closed and the hammer at
full cock.
Figure 2 is a longitudinal section showing the position of the parts immediately
after a shot has been fired, the breech being then wide open, the spent cartridge
case having been ejected, and a fresh cartridge case having been raised by the
spoon and presented to the breech end of the barrel.
Figure 3 shows the mechanism of the lock removed from the stock and with the
hammer let down.
Figures 4 to 10 illustrate details of the breech and lock.
Figures 11 and 12 illustrate the automatic safety devices.
In all the figures the same letters refer to the same parts.
The side plates B carrying the breech and other parts shown in Figure 3 are in
sliding connection with the barrel A. and are partly carried by the ring h³
(Figures 1 and 2) of the magazine case H and partly by the sides of the stock K in
such a way that the side plates B and the barrel A can slide backwards a short
distance. The breech block C Figure 4 and the hammer D Figure 5 swing side by
side between the side plates B about a common axis formed by the stud o.
breech block which pushes the cartridge into the barrel has at the top two lateral
projections c which when the breech is closed engage with the notches b of the side
plates thereby preventing the breech block being blown back. The slot c¹ allows
the necessary vertical movement on the stud o.
The
The hammer which fires the cartridge in the usual manner is provided with a
slot d in which takes the stud of the breech block in order that the latter may be
to some extent controlled by the movement of the hammer. G is the main striking
spring on the front end of which is secured the sear E (Figure 10) the hook e of
which keeps the hammer cocked and which is released by the lug at the side of
the trigger raising the front end of the sear E. The main spring G is attached to
the prolongation B¹ of the left hand side plate by the stud g (Figure 3). The front
part of G bears loosely on the part and along with the sear E is compressible
backwards. The back part of G carries the link F and always tends to drive the
hammer forwards.
The ejector J Figure 7 which is pivoted on the studi in the right hand side plate
is operated by the heel of the hammer striking the lug at the back stroke of the
hammer (see Figure 2). The upper arm of the ejector is thereby driven backwards
and the spent cartridge case is removed.
During the backward stroke of the breech block C the spoon R (Figure 6) which
is pivoted at to the breech block lifts one of the cartridges and presents it to the
breech end of the barrel. The two prongs r and the hollowed part in which the

page_text: rim of the cartridge fits guide the cartridge. The working of the spoon is effected
by the projections under the spoon and the stud & projecting from the left hand
side plate.
The trigger L Figure 9 and the safety catch P (Figure 8) are pivoted at 7 and
in the stock K and are both controlled by the intervening spring p'. The hook
of the trigger also takes behind the projection of the part when the parts
shown in Figure 3 are set at full cock as shown in Figure 1. The object of this
arrangement is to only allow the movement of the hammer when the weapon is in
hand and ready for firing and to automatically bring back the hammer and open
the breech after every shot. This is brought about by the combined action of
the slit p and the stud 3 of the link F and the shoulder p³ in front of the
trigger.
The action of the parts on firing is as follows-On the loaded and cocked weapon
(Figure 1) being taken in hand the middle finger presses the heel p' of the safety
catch back into the stock whereby the shoulder pa which previously prevented the
movement of the trigger is raised. At the same time the slot pt is slid along the
stud d so that the hammer may be driven forwards (see Figure 11). If now
the trigger is pulled the hook releases the lug 4. The side lug of the trigger
then lifts the fore end of the sear E & the hammer thereupon being released the
weapon is fired. The recoil now drives back the parts shown in Figure 3 which are
free to slide in the stock and on the magazine. The hammer being hinged as it
were to the stock by the safety catch turns on the stud o and at the same time the
stud of the breech block slides first along the part d of the slot in the hammer.
(This part of the slot being a circular arc about the centre of o the breech still
remains closed). Next the first rising part of the slot meets the stud c³ where-
upon the breech block is lifted and the lateral projections c are raised clear of the
notches b of the side plates. On the end of the slot in the hammer meeting the
stud the breech block is drawn back.
C
The inclined surfaces of the notches b slightly raise the lateral projections
whereupon the stud centers the radial part of the slot d2 and couples the breech
block and hammer together. The tail c¹ of the breech block secures the coupling
of both parts in their forward and backward strokes because its under surface being
a circular arc with o as centre and sliding on the part B of the breech case it
prevents the breech block from sinking.
In the meantime the heel of the hammer actuates the ejector and the spent
cartridge is thrown out, the projection of the spoon R meeting the stud causes
the new cartridge to be lifted."
In the ensuing closing of the breech the main spring G (which has been
compressed by the opening) causes the hammer to turn forwards on its axis o and
thereby to move the breech block towards the barrel and to push in the cartridge
on the spoon K while the spoon itself is depressed by its bottom projection coming
against the stud 6. On the closing of the breech the stud c of the breech block
slides out of the radial notch ", the hammer advances by itself and by means of
the inclined part of the slot d' it again brings down the projections c of the breech
block into the notches 6 of the breech. The heel of the hammer then comes against
the hook of the sear E which had been raised by the sear spring e and the
hammer is again at full cock.
When the hammer goes forwards the whole system is drawn forwards in the
safety catch. As the hammer falls in the sear it is still the length of the slot p
(which corresponds to the compression necessary for firing) from the firing position
in the stock. The recoil of the spring which is compressed by the backward
stroke only now moves the whole arrangement forward into the final position so
that the safety catch is released and is pressed back by the spring p¹ into the
position shown in Figure 1. The setting at half-cock when releasing the main spring
is effected by first pressing back the projection p' of the safety catch and pulling the
trigger while slowly allowing the hammer to advance until the notch p³ of the safety
catch engages with the sear stud thus securely holding or locking the firing point a

page_text: short distance from the percussion cap. The arm is now perfectly safe as the
hammer cannot be even drawn back without first pressing in the projection p³ of the
safety catch.
Although I have hereinbefore described my invention in its application to a
repeating pistol I do not confine my invention to such a purpose as it is applicable
to other forms of firearms without departing from its essential features and also in
combination with other devices for replacing the spent cartridges.
In the magazine shown in the accompanying drawings and which is arranged
under and along the barrel there is at the fore end a tube / containing a spiral
spring mounted on a guide rod and a barrel ring h³.
For filling the magazine a hinged side door or flap H' secured by a catch his
opened and the cartridges may be introduced either one by one or simultaneously by
means of a suitable loader; the spring being at the same time pressed back. A
spring presser H' springing inwards and having two flanges keeps back the
cartridges from the spoon. After each shot a projection a on the underside of the
barrel acting on a wedge-shaped lug he opens the presser for an instant and allows a
cartridge to slide into the spoon.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is-
1. In a fire arm the combination and arrangement of the hammer D swinging on
the horizontal stud o, the breech block C also swinging on the stud o and operated
by the action of the hammer, with the means shown for effecting their common and
proper motions the whole acting substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore
described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
2. In an automatic fire arm having the hammer and breech action set forth in
Claim No. 1, the pivoted safety catch P controlled by the spring p' and having
slots p' engaging with the stud d³ of the link F for preventing the firing point of the
hammer reaching the percussion cap of the cartridge and having a shoulder p³ for
preventing the trigger being pulled until the projection p* has been pressed back
into the stock substantially as herein before described and shown.
Dated this 24th day of December 1892.
EDWARD TURNER WHITELOW,
70, Deansgate, Manchester, Agent for Applicant.