IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF CARPETS AND OTHER PILED FABRICS
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Peter Graham, of Oxford Street, in the County
of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF CARPETS AND OTHER PILED FABRICS."-A communication.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Peter Graham at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 6th January 1858.
I, PETER GRAHAM, of Oxford Street, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CARPETS AND OTHER PILED FABRICS" to be as
follows:-
This Invention, which has been communicated to me by Erastus
B. Bigelow, of Boston, in the United States of America, has for its
object improvements in power loonis used for weaving carpets and other
piled fabrics. Such looms, in some cases, have worked with pincers or
equivalent instruments when operating with pile wires; and the first
part of my Invention consists of improvements in and means of working
pincers or equivalent instruments for operating the pile wires. Here-
tofore the pincers or other analagous devices which have been employed

page_text: ...
."
wires
in the power loom to successively act upon the pile wires have been so
constructed and -operated as to withdraw them, from the cloth, carry
them back towards the feed, and deposit them in the open shed of the
warps, to be pushed forward by, the lathe to the face of the cloth. Such
mode has answered very well when round are employed, but when
flat or oval-shaped wires are used they require to be kept with their
edges upwards, and as they have a tendency to fall down on their sides
when left free, it is necessary to hold them with their edges upwards
when carried forward until they are properly secured by the warp. The
Invention consists of not only giving to the pincers or instruments
movements for withdrawing the wires, and carrying them back towards
the reed to be again
c again inserted as heretofore, but also to carry forward the
wires, and hold them in position with their proper edges upwards until
they are secured, and the pincers or instruments are arranged to
prevent collision with the shuttle box, and a guide or guides are applied
which move towards, and from the breast beam, in unison with the pin-
cers or like instruments, and successively receive the wires as they
withdrawn from the cloth, carry then back to the point where they are
to be inserted in the open shed of the..warps, and guide and support
them as they pass therein. And part of the Invention also consists in
employing of long horizontal guides to guide and support the pile wires
as they pass between the warps, so that the wires may slide upon them
as they enter the warps and sideways towards and from the breast beam
in unison' with the pincers. And the Invention also consists of ap-
plying a box or holder for holding the pile wires at the "fell" of the
cloth, with their proper edges upward, when liberated. by the pincers or
instruments, the pincers or instruments being adapted to successively
engage with the said wires," the box or holder being held firmly when
the pincers or like instruments engage with the wires, and is then left
free to vibrate with them." When the wires have cutters at at their ends
they are liable, when being drawn out from the cloth, to turn and to cut
the pile unequally this is prevented by a bar or-guide pressing against
the wires, and they are thus kept in their proper position. *1
are
"The second part of the Invention' relates to the 'motion for giving off
the warp and taking up the cloth, and consists of applying: tension

page_text: weights and breaks on arms extending from the-whip roller or trame,
whereby such apparatus is made more sensitive to the action of the
yarn.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Peter Graham in the Great Seal Patent Office,
on the 6th July 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,;
PETER GRAHAM, of Oxford Street, in the County of Middlesex, send:
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date' the Sixth day of January, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the sixteenthi
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and.
grant unto me, the said Peter Graham, Her special licence that I,*
the said Peter Graham, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Peter Graham, my executors, administrators,.
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to.
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE:
OF CARPETS. AND OTHER PILED FABRICS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Peter Grahani, by an instrument in writing.
under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to bei
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Peter Graham, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof (that is to say):

page_text: This Invention, which has been open communicated to me by Erastus
B. Bigelow, of Boston, in the United States of America, has for its
object improvements in power looms used for weaving carpets and other.
piled fabrics. Such looms, in some cases, have worked with pincers or
equivalent instruments when operating with public wires; and the
first part of my Invention consists of improvements in and means
of working pincers or equivalent instruments for operating the pile
wires. Heretofore the pincers or other analagous devices which have
been employed in the power loom to successively act upon the pile wires
have been so constructed and operated as to withdraw them from the
cloth, carry them back towards the reed, and deposit them in the open
shed of the warps, to be pushed forward by the lathe to the face of the
cloth. Such mode has answered very well when round wires are em-
ployed; but when flat or oval-shaped wires are used they require to be
kept with their edges upwards, and as they have a tendency to fall down
on their sides when left free, it is necessary to hold them with their
edges upwards when carried forward until they are properly secured by
the warp. The Invention consists of not only giving to the pincers or
instruments movements for withdrawing the wires, and carrying them
back towards the reed to be again inserted as heretofore, but also to
carry forward the wires, and hold them in position with their proper
edges upwards until they are secured; and the pincers or instruments
are arranged to prevent collision with the shuttle box, and a guide or
guides are applied which move towards and from the breast beam in
unison with the pincers or like instruments, and successively receive the
wires as they are withdrawn from the cloth, carry them back to the
point where they are to be inserted in the open shed of the warps, and
guide and support them as they pass therein. And part of the Invention
also consists in employing of long horizontal guides to guide and sup-
port the pile wires as they pass between the warps, so that the wires
may slide upon them as they enter the warps and sideways towards and
from the breast beam in unison with the pincers. And the Invention
also consists of applying a box or holder for holding the pile wires at
the "fell" of the cloth, with their proper edges upward, when liberated

page_text: by the pincers or instruments, the pincers or instruments being adapted
to successively engage with the said wires, the box or holder being.
held firmly when the pincers or like instruments engage with the wires,
and is then left free to vibrate with them. When the wires have cutters at
their ends, they are liable, when being drawn out from the cloth, to turn
and to cut the pile unequally; this is prevented by a bar or guide
pressing against the wires, and they are thus kept in their proper
position.
The second part of the Invention relates to the motion for giving off
the warp and taking up the cloth, and consists of applying tension
weights and breaks on arms extending from the whip roller or frame,
whereby such apparatus is made more sensitive to the action of the
yarn.
to.
1
Figure 1, is a front elevation of so much of the loom as is neces-
sary to exemplify my improvements. Figure 2, is a right-hand end
elevation of the same. Figure 3, is a left-hand end elevation. Figure 4,
a vertical section taken on the red line A, B, in Figures 2 and 3, looking
the front of the loom. Figure 5, is a plan. Figure 6, is a cross
.section of the breast-beam and pincer-ways taken on the red line C, D,
Figure 5, looking to the right. Figure 7, is an enlarged front elevation
of the pincers and slide detached. Figures 8, 9, and 10, represent the
vibrating holder detached. Figure 11, is a side view of a pile wire.
Figure 12, is a section of the warps, shewing the horizontal guides for
guiding the pile wires. Figures 13, 14, and 15, are modified forms of
guides to work in unison with the pincers. The same letters indicate
like parts in all the Figures.
My Invention relates to the mode of operating the pile wires over
which the pile is formed, and also the mode of delivering out the
unwoven warps during the process of weaving.
) The parts of my Invention which relate to operating the pile
wires are particularly applicable to the power loom for weaving looped
and velvet pile fabrics, in which a series or optional number of
pile wires are used. Heretofore the pincers or other analogous devices
which have been employed in the power loom to successively act upon
the pile-wires have been so constructed and operated as to withdraw

page_text: "them from the cloth: carry them back towards the reed; and deposit
them in the open-shed of the warps, to be pushed forward by the lathe
to the face of the cloth. This mode answers. very well when round
wires are used; but when flat or oval-shaped-wires are used; "hs in
weaving velvet pile fabrics, they require to be kept with their edges
upwards, and as they have a tendency to fall down on their sides when
left free, it is necessary to hold them with their edges upward when
they are carried forward to the face of the cloth, and until they are
properly secured by the warps: A part of my Invention therefore
consists in constructing and operating the pincers or other analogous
devices for successively acting upon the pile wires so that they. shall
not only successively withdraw said wires from the cloth, carry them
back towards the reed, and insert them in and leave them free in the
"open shed of the warps, as heretofore done, but shall also carry them
forward to the fell of the cloth, and 'hold them in position with their
proper edges upwards until they are otherwise secured: When pincérs
of the ordinary construction are employed' to successively withdraw,
"insert, and hold the pile wires as aforesaid, it is very difficult' to avoid
collision' with the shuttle box of the lathe And a part of my Invention
"therefore consists in the mode of constructing the pincers - whereby
collision with the shuttle' box is easily avoided. And a part of my
Invention also consists in combining with the pincers, or their equiva-
lents, for successively operating the pile wires, a guide or guides that
shall move towards and 'from the breast beam in unison with said
pincers, and successively receive the ends of said wires as they are
withdrawn from the cloth, carry them back to the point where they are
to be inserted in the open shed of the warps, and guide and support
them as they pass therein. And a part of my Invention' also consists
in the employment of long horizontal guides to guide and support the
the pile wires as they pass between the warps, so arranged that said
wires may slide endwise upon them as they enter the open shed, and
'sidewise towards or from the breast beam in unison with the pincers
which insert them. And a part of my Invention also consists in the
employment of a vibrating box or holder for holding the pile wires at
the fell of the cloth with their proper edges upwards, after they have

page_text: been liberated, by the pincers or their equivalents, and also fór, adapting
said pincers, or their equivalents to the proper. relative position to suc
cessively engage with said wires; said vibrating box or holder. being
held firmly when the pincers or..their equivalents engage with the said
wires, and left, free to vibrate with them and conform to their actual
position at all other times. When the.cutting, knife is used on the end
of flat or oval-shaped pile; wires to cut the pile as they are drawn from
the cloth they have.a tendency to turn when being drawn out;, and thus
cut the pile of uneven length; a part of my Invention therefore.consists
in the employment of a bar or guide to successively press, against, said
wires to keep them in a. proper position during the operation of cutting.
Another part of my Invention. relates to the delivering of the warps,
and is an improvement upon a certain let off and take up motion
originally patented by me in One thousand eight hundred and forty-five,
and re-issued in One thousand eight hundred and forty-nine; the nature
of this part of my. Invention consists in applying the tension weight and
brake to an arm or arms extending from. the whip roller or frame,in
which said roller vibrates, whereby I am enabled to make the apparatus
more sensitive to the action of the yarn, and consequently more perfect
in its operation, and also save expense in making the apparatus.
.
(a, a, a,) represent the frame of the loom.. (6) represents the cam
shaft, and (c) the lathe shaft, which are geared together in the usual
way by the cogged wheels. (u; and v',) the ratio of which is as one to
four. (d, d) represents the swords of the, lathe, and (e) the race beam.
(ff) represents the leaves of heddles for the ground warps. (9,9, 9;)
represents, the harness weights;. (h, hh,) the mails; and (i, i,i,) the
jacquard harness cords, the jacquard, machine being removed, (j,j.j
represents the figuring warps, and (k, k,) the ground warps,. and (4) the
woven cloth which passes over the breast beam (m) to take up rollers
(n,n). The above-named parts being such as are in common use, no
further description of them is required; nor have I thought it necessary
to 'represent in the Drawings the niode of stopping and starting the
machine, nor the let off and take up motion, nor other well-known
parts of a loom, except so far as they are required to illustrate and
exemplify my improvements.

page_text: (0, 0, 0,) represents the pile wires woven into the cloth. Figure 1.1,
gives. .a. side view of one of the pile wires provided with the knife (p)
for cutting the pile. (g) represents an eye or head on one end of
the wire to guide it as it passes between the warps and to aid in
'sustaining it in a proper position to cut the pile. of an even length
when being drawn out. (r) represents an arm or projection ex-
tending from the under side of the wire to aid in keeping it with
its proper edge upwards. (s) is a head to secure the hold of the
pincers. The widest part of the wire is made separately, and joined
to the other part at (t) by brazing. I sometimes make and join
the eye or head of the wire in the same manner.
The pincers for successively operating the pile wires are constructed
with two jaws (, ) which open and close to release and grasp the
pile wires in the direction of a line parallel to said wires, as will be
seen by inspecting the Drawings, on which the pincers are represented
as drawing one of said wires from the cloth, which operation is supposed
.to be nearly completed. The ends of the jaws (2, 2) which grasp the
pile wires are shaped and grooved to conform to said wires, as shown
in Figure 7, whilst their reverse ends are affixed to their respective
shafts (v; and w,) to cause both of the jaws (u, u,) to work in conjunc-
tion; they are provided with cogs or teeth, which engage with each other
as represented in Figure 4. The shafts (2, and w,) turn in and are
supported by the upper part of the pincer stand (c). The shaft (v)
extends forward through a projection (g) to a convenient point for
giving motion thereto. (2) represents a bent lever affixed to the shaft
(v) for closing the jaws (u, u,) of the pincers; and (a³) represents a
latch lever for holding said jaws (u, u,) in a closed position; and (b) a
helical spring, which tends to throw them open. When a wire is to be
grasped by the pincers the horizontal arm of the bent lever (2) is forced
down, by means hereafter to be described, until the jaws (", ",) clasp
the wire, and the lighter and notched arm of the latch lever (a) rises
up to secure the grip by the projection (c') engaging with the point of
the dependent arm of said bent lever (2); then when the wire is to be
released the projection (c) is disengaged from the said dependent arm,
and the helical spring (61) throws the jaws (u, u.) of the pincers open

page_text: until arrested by the said dependent arm striking against the projection
() on the latch lever (a¹).
By constructing the pincers in the manner above described I am
enabled to make the grooves for the wires in the jaws of said pincers
near the forward extremity of the parts thereof, and thus render it
easy to avoid collision with the shuttle box of the lathe. The
pincers require to have a motion towards and from the cloth to with-
draw and insert the pile wires, and towards and from the lathe to
carry said wires forward to the open shed, and back to the fell of the
cloth. To allow the pincers to be moved towards and from the lathe
the edges of the bottom part of the pincer stand (a) are shaped like
ways, and slide in corresponding grooves in the sliding plate (e¹). To
allow the said pincers to be moved towards and from the cloth, two
opposite edges of the sliding plate (e¹) are grooved to conform to the
ways (f, and g',) on which they respectively slide. The way (f) is
screwed to the top of the breast beam (m), and the way (9') is sup-
ported by the stands (h', and ',) which are bolted to and extend forward
from the breast beam (m). Motion is given to the sliding plate (e') to
carry the pincers towards and from the cloth, by the double acting can
(f) on the shaft (9'). The shaft (9') turns in suitable bearings in the
stands (, and s,) and is connected with the cam shaft (b) by the
bevilled cogged wheels (t, t',) which are of equal number of teeth.
(w',) represents a lever, the lower end of which vibrates on the stud
(a), while the upper end has a segment of a gear which engages with
the cogged pinion (y'), and turns the crank shaft (¹). (a") represents
a cam roller on the side of the lever (w',) which plys in the groove (6",)
of the cam (f). The crank shaft (¹) turns in suitable bearings in
the before-mentioned stands (1, and s,) and has the crank arm
(c) affixed to it, on the side of the outer end of which the
stud pin (") projects. (e") represents a connecting bar which connects
the stud pin (d) to a similar stud pin (f") in an upright lever
(g). The upright bar (g") vibrates at its lower end on a
pin in the stand ("), while its upper end is connected to the
said sliding plate (e') by the connecting bar ("). When, therefore,
the pincers are to be moved from the cloth to draw a wire, the said

page_text: cam (f) forces downwards the said. lever (w¹), and; the reverse when
said pincers are to be moved towards the cloth, the motion being
communicated to the pincers by the parts just described. The pincers
are moved towards and from the lathe by the double acting cam (j)
on the camshaft (b.) (!) represents a lever, which, vibrates on the
stud (!) at its lower end, and..has the roller (m") on its side, which
ply's in the groove (i) in the side of the cam (") before mentioned.
(o) represents a connecting bar; the rearward end of which is jointed
'to the upper end of said lever. ("), whilst, its forward end is jointed
to an arm (p) on the rock shaft (9"). The rock shaft (q") rocks in
suitable bearings in the stands (, and) and has on each end an
upright arm ()." (s", s,) represent connecting bars, the rearward
ends of which are respectively jointed to the upper ends of the said
fupright arms (!) whilst their forward-ends are connected with a
sliding bar (t). On the under side of the sliding bar (t¹¹) are the pro-
jections (u) in which suitable grooves are formed to slide on their
respective ways (v", ".) The ways (", ",) are provided with feet, by
which they are secured to the top of the breast beam (m.). (2011) re-
presents a stud pin projecting upwards from the pincer stand ()
through the slot (f") in the said sliding bar (t"), which connects the
said pincer stand (a) and sliding bar (t") together; but in order that
the pincers may at the same time be free to move towards and from the
cloth, the slot (f) is made long enough to allow said stud pin (w¹) to
traverse therein the extent of said motion. The mole of latching the
pincérs to grasp. a pile wire is as follows:-The cam (a) on the cam
shaft (6) has a groove (y"), in which the cam roller (2) plys. (a)
represents a bent lever, which vibrates on the stud (1), and has the cam
roller (") at one end, whilst the other is jointed to the lower end of
the connecting rod (). The upper. end of the conecting rod ("") is
jointed to the latching lever (c), which vibrates on the stud (1) at one
end, whilst the other end is bent somewliat in the form of a semi-circle,
to bring the point thereof to a proper position to act on the bent lever
() before described, to latch the pincers. The groove (y¹¹) is so
formed as to depress the latching lever (e) at the proper relative time
to latch the pincers, and elevate it again after that operation has been

page_text: performed.. Tosunlatch the pincers the cam (e) on the shaft. (9') is
eniployed..(g) represents a bent lever which vibrates on the stud(""),
and has at one end the cam roller (1), which plys in the groove (f¹¹¹)
in the cam (e), whilst the other end is jointed to the upright rod (5).
The rod () is kept in position at its upper end by the guide stand
(A) in which it slides, and when elevated by the cam (e!!) strikes
against the under side of the straight and heaviest arm of the latch lever
(a), and releases the catch (c) to allow the jaws of the pincers to be
thrown open in the manner above described. When the rod (",) is
withdrawn from the latch lever (a'), the straight, which is also the
heaviest, arm of said-lever, throws the other arm upwards to secure the
hold of the. pincers upon the pile wires, as above described.
The guide, which moves in unison with the pincers to successively ré-
ceive the ends of the pile wires as they are drawn from the cloth, carry
them to and guide them between the open shed of the warps, will.now be
'described (1) represents the guide in question, which vibrates on the
stud () at its forward end, and terminates at the other in the form of
the letter, into which the ends of the wires successively fall as they
are drawn from the cloth. When the pincers approach near to the
edge of the cloth to insert or withdraw a wire, the rear end of the guide
() requires.to be.depressed to clear the jaws of the pincers. The
guide. () is elevated to a proper position to receive the ends of the
pile wires as they are drawn from the cloth, and depressed' at the proper
time to clear the jaws of the pincers by the cam (m).acting through
the medium of the bent.lever. (2) and connecting rod (o). The upper
end of the connecting rod (o) is connected to the guide ("") by the
stud.pin. (p), and its lower end to the horizontal arm of the bent lever
(m). To the other-end of the bent lever (n) the cam roller (2").is
áttached, which plys, in the 'groove ("") in the side of the cam (m).
The vibrating box or holder for keeping the wires in position at the
face of the cloth, after they are liberated by the pincers, and. for
adapting said pincers to said wires, may be understood as follows:-
The vibrating box or holder is connected with the upper end of a
vertical bar (s) which vibrates at its lower end on the stud (1). The
upper end of the bar (s) is bent back at a right angle with the upright

page_text: part thereof, as represented by (u¹¹¹), to bring it to a proper position to
act upon the pile wires, and at the same time clear the race beam (e).
I would remark here that this bend is required only when comparatively
few pile wires are used, as in weaving velvet pile carpets. The bent
part (u) is again turned up at the end, as represented in Figure 9, to
form a proper surface (111) to present to the pile wires. (¹) represents
a projection, which extends downwards from the under side of the bent
part (), and forms the front side of a box for receiving the weights
or arms, (r, r, r,) which project from the under side of the pile wire.
(w) represents a projection which extends backwards from the part
(v), and forms a support for the ends of the arms (r, r, r,) to rest upon,
whereby the ends of the pile wires are kept in a proper line. The sur-
face (a) is constantly pressed against the most forward wire of the
series by the helical spring (y) which encircles the rod (¹), so that
the parts just described move freely with the pile wires in the cloth,
and adapt themselves to the actual position of the said wires during the
operation of weaving.
From the foregoing description it will be obvious that the projection
(v), by acting on the front side of the arm (r) of the most forward pile
wire of the series, will hold the whole series of wires from turning in that
direction, and that the projection (w) will prevent them from descend-
ing; and as they have but little tendency to rise upwards from a proper
line, it remains only to prevent their turning backwards towards the
latbe, as they are successively brought to the fell of the cloth to properly
secure them in position. To do this the lever (a') is arranged to vibrate
on the stud (b) extending from the front side of the vibrating bar (s¹¹¹);
and from its upper end the stud (c) extends backwards through the slot
(d'), and supports the plate (e), as represented in Figures 8, and 9.
The edge of the plate (e') which presents itself towards the arms (r, r.)
of the pile wires is made bevelling, so as to freely slide over said arms.
(f) represents a spring, which tends to throw the plate (e) over the
arms (r. r,) to secure the pile wires when the lever (a) is left free to
move. (9) represents an upright lever, which vibrates at its lower
end of the stud (h³), and is connected at its upper end to the lower
end of the lever (a) by the connecting rod (h*). (*) represents an arm

page_text: extending from the cam (m) which acts on the projection (k') on the
lever (9').
Just as cach successive wire is brought to the fell of the cloth by the
pincers, as before described, the arm (i') withdraws the plate (e) from
the arm (7) of the wire previously secured, so as to allow the wire thus
brought forward to take its place beside the one which preceded it;
then, just as the lathe presses said wire home, the arm (*) ceases. its
action, and allows the spring (f') to throw said plate (*) forward again
to hold it in position.
In addition to holding the pile wires in position, as described,
the said vibrating box or holder has, as before stated, the function
of adapting the pincers to the proper relative position to succes--
sively grasp said wires, which will now be described. (9x) represents
a lever, the forward end of which turns in the stud (1), while its rear.
end extend backwards to a proper point to press upon the part (u) of
said vibrating box. m represents a rod which connects the lever g*
with the lever c, above described. (2) represents a spring, which, when.
the said lever (3) is depressed to latch the pincers, draws the back end.
of the lever (*) in close contact with the part (e), and firmly holds
the vibrating box or holder. (0) represents a projection extending
from the vibrating box or holder, which is so adjusted as to strike.
against the jaws (u, u,) of the pincers when they move forward from
the lathe to grasp a wiro and arrest their motion in that direction at the
proper point to grasp said wire. The pincers have a capacity to yield:
to the action of the projection (o'), by reason of the bar (p) on the
sliding bar (") being held against the stud (w) only by the spring (7')..
To give a more connected idea of the operation of the several parts of.
the machinery employed to operate the wires, I will recapitulate their
several motions in the order in which they occur. Supposing the loom
to be in that stage of its operation in which the pincers are about to,
draw a pile wire from the cloth, as represented in the Drawings, and the,
guide (1) elevated to receive the end of the said pile wire, then, just.
as the said pile wire is fully drawn out, the sliding bar (t") moves back
towards the lathe, carrying with it the said pincers, guide, and pile wire:
5 to the proper point for introducing said wire into the open shed of the

page_text: warps; then the pincers advance towards the cloth with said wire, which
wire is guided and supported by the said guide (1) as it is inserted
in said open shed: of the warps until the said pincers have nearly com-
pleted this part of their movement, when the said guide (1) is depressed
to clear the jaws of said pincers, and that end of the said wire which
is in the said 'open shed is left to rest on the warps (or upon other
guides as herein-after to be described). Now when the wire is thus
completely inserted in the open shed of the warps, the said sliding bar
(") carries said pincers forward with the wire until said wire is .placed
at the fell of the cloth; the reed then strikes 'said wire, and the plate
(which had just before been drawn back to allow the said wire to
take its proper place at the fell of the cloth) slides over the projection
(1)on said wire, to hold said wire in position. The pincers are now:
opened to 'release their hold on said wire. The said sliding bar (t");
then carries the said pincers forward preparatory to their grasping
another wire; but just before this forward movement of the pincers "is
completed, the lever (c) presses the lever (g*) down to firmly. hold the
aforesaid vibrating box or holder, and arrest the pincers in a proper:
position relative to the said wire to be grasped. The lever (³) now.
completes its downward movement to latch the pincers, which pincers
then move from the cloth to draw out the wire, and insert it as before.
I would remark here, that after the pincers have released their grasp:
upon a wire they are moved towards the cloth a short distance, that
the jaws may clear the heads (8, s,) on the wires in the cloth, when
they are moved forward to act upon another wire: When pile wires
with eyes or heads are used, such as is represented in Figure 11, said
eyes or heads will rest upon the warps as they pass into the open shed,
and no other support than the guide (1) will be required to oparatë
them; but when pile wires. without heads (which must always be the:
case when the wires are to be drawn from under the loops without
cutting then) additional guide and support will be required. "between:
the warps, the guides for which will now be described. (*) represents!
abar to-support the cloth, which bar is sustained in its position by the
stands (u)(9) represents a cord or wire, the forward end of which
is attached the under side of the cloth to the bar (t); while the rear ends 3
+

page_text: extends back over the whip roller down to the weight (s), which weight
is suspended from it for the purpose of giving it tension, (7) represents
another cord, similar to the one just described, which is .attached above,
the cloth to the cord (v): The ends of the cloth (v').are attached to
their respective pins (w, w) projecting from the breast, beam..(m).
(, and y) represents two cords,' similar to the cords. of a jacquard;
harness, which are 'provided with the mails or eyes (2, 2) through
which their respective cords (7') and (1) pass, and also, the weights,
(a, a) by which the 'said cords (a', and 'y';) are kept under a proper:
tension. The cords (a, and y',) pass over their respective friction.
pulleys (, ) to their respective arms (c³, c) of the triple armed lever,
(d) which vibrates on the stud (e). (f) represents. :a rod which con-
nects the horizontal arm of the triple armed lever (d) with the lever,
(9), said lever (g) being arranged to vibrate on the stud (1) at its
rear end. (5) represents a cam roller on the side of the lever.(g)
which plys in the roller (") in the. side of the cam.() on the cam
sliaft (6): The cam (), by acting on the lever (g) and through the
connecting parts, moves the tripple armed lever (d³). so as alternately to
elevate and depress the cords (2, and 1) which are similar, to what
have before been used for like purposes, except when a pile wire is.
being inserted in the shed of the warps, the cords or wires (9* and ?^).
remain in the position shewn in Figures 2, and 3; but when the end of
the pile wire which is being introduced has just passed the cords or
wires (g, and ) said cords or wires approach each other, as shewn in
Figure 12, to guide and support said pile wire while the operation of
inserting it is being completed. The number of pairs of guide cords or
wires may be varied according to the length and size of the pile wires
be used. When several pairs are used they should not close upon;
the wire simultaneously, but in succession, as the end of the said pile
wire respectively passes them. In weaving velvet pile fabrics with flat,
or oval shaped wires, with a cutting knife on the end thereof to cut the
loops, the wires sometimes have a tendency to turn out of a proper line;
towards the breast beam. To prevent this I place a bar over the cloth
forward of the pile wires, as represented by (7), which bar is supported:
at one end by the. upright. lever. (s) which supports the vibrating box
to

page_text: or holder above described, while its other end is supported by another
and similar upright lever (m³). The lever (m³) vibrates at its lower
end on the stud (2) and its upper end is pressed forward by the spring
(05) in the same manner as the spring (y) acts upon the lever (3.)
When a wire is withdrawn from the cloth, the bar (), by being pressed
against it by the springs (0%, and y³;) guides the knife in a right line
during the operation of cutting the loops; and when the said wire is fully
drawn out the bar (e) comes in contact with the next wire of the
series, and so on. The shuttle boxes on the lathe usually project two
inches or more forward of the reed, while the number of wires usually
employed in weaving velvet fabrics do not extend more than from a
half to three fourths of an inch forward from the fell of the cloth. From
this it will be seen that as the wires are drawn out during one move-
nient of the lathe, and inserted' at another, the shuttle box on the end of
the lathe where the pincers are located will comic into collision with the
wire when drawn from the cloth, unless some provision be made to
avoid this result. One mode of doing this is to make the said shuttle:
box, moveable, so that it may be elevated to clear the wire when the
lathe advances to beat up the cloth. (1) represents the shuttle box in
the usual form, and (,) the ways on which it slides. (1) are.
rods extending downwards from the under side of the shuttle box (p) to:
their respective arms (,) which extend from the rock shaft (t³).
which shaft turns in the stands (2, 4) projecting downwards from the
lathe. () represents another arm, which extends from said rock
shaft (t), and has the roller (2) at the end thereof, which, when the
lathe moves forward, rests on the cam (a), and elevates the shuttle box,
which descends again by its own gravity when the lathe recedes. In-
stead of raising the shuttle box as aforesaid, the pincers, after they
have drawn a wire from the cloth, may be made to move forward with
the said wire to clear the shuttle box when the lathe advances, then
move back again, as the lathe recedes, to the point where the wire is to
be inserted in the shed of the warps.
I come now to the last part of my improvement, which relates to the
mode of delivering out the warps. It is especially applicable to the let
off motion, by which the delivery of the warps is regulated by their a

page_text: tension, and by which the warps are free to yield at the opening of
the shed, but are held firmly at the time the reed strikes the fell of the
cloth. The tension of the warps is made to regulate their delivery by
acting upon a vibrating roller or bar, usually called the whip roller; and
it is important to its most successful action that the apparatus be so
constructed that the tension weight shall readily yield to the pull of the
warps. (y) represents the whip roller or bar, from either end of which an
arm (2) extends upwards, and terminates in the form of studs or bearings
(a, a",) on which said roller or bar (y) vibrates. (6º, 6º,) are stands, which
support said bearings or studs (a, aº). (c) represents the yarn beam, and
(d) the let off shaft, (e, and f) the worm and gear, which operate in
the usual way. (9) represents an arm extending directly from the whip
roller or frame in which it vibrates; and (he) the tension weight, which
may be adjusted towards or from the centre of motion, according to the
degree of tension required upon the warps. () is an arm, which
also extends directly from the whip roller, and downwards, and ter-
minates in a segment of a flange, as represented by (1). (k) repre-
sents a bent lever, the horizontal arm of which is provided with a flange
(n), the outside of which is made to conform to the inside of the flange
("). (1) represents a stud on which the bent lever (ke) vibrates. The
dependent arm of the lever (Z) is connected with the sword of the
lathe by the rod (m), so that when the lithe moves forward to the fell
of the cloth the flange (2) is forced down upon the flange (5), and
holds the said whip roller (35) firmly during the beating up of the weft.
By applying the brake lever and tension weight directly to the whip
roller, or the frame in which said roller vibrates, as above described,
the action of those parts are rendered more perfect, and the apparatus
is less costly, then when constructed as has heretofore been done. (0°)
represents a crown ratchet to turn the let off shaft (d³). (p) repre-
sents a lever, which vibrates on the let off shaft (d) just over the ratchet
wheel (o), and carries on the end of an arm the pall (96) which acts
upon the teeth of said ratchet, while the other arm is connected by the
rod () to the sword of the lathe which imparts motion thereto. To
cause the tension of the warps to act on the pall (99), and regulate
their delivery, a vibrating plate (s") is placed between said pall (9) and

page_text: the ratchet wheel (0%) in the usual form. The plate () is connected
to the arm (2) by the rod (t), so that when the warps are being given
out too fast the whip roller (3) falls back, and causes the arın (2) to
draw the plate (8") round to intercept the action of the pall (9); but
when more warps are wanted than are being given out, the whip roller
(y) is drawn forward, and withdraws said plate (s) away from said
pall (7); and increases its action on the ratchet wheel (o".)
It will be obvious that the various parts of my Invention may be changed
and-modified within the principle thereof, as, for instance, instead of ap-
plying the support for preventing the pile wires from descending from a
proper line to the arms (2, r,) it may be applied to any part of the said
wires which may be found to be convenient. I sometimes also apply
a projection to the vibrating box or holder, to extend forward over the
enlarged part of the wires which project from the cloth. to prevent them
from rising above a proper line. Instead also of applying the guide
(3) which inoves in unison with the pincers, to receive the ends of the
pile wires as they are withdrawn from the 'cloth, so that it shall descend
to clear the pincers as above described, it may be applied above the
pincers and wires, and in the form represented in Figure 13; that is to
say, two fingers may be employed, with a recess in each, so arranged
as to open and close, to successively clasp and release the wires. In-
stead also of having the said guide (3) clevated and depressed in the
manner above described, it may be attached to a shaft, the vibration of
which shall clevate and depress said guide, as represented in Figure 14.
Instead also of operating said guide (3) by a cam on a shaft of the
loom, it may be operated by the pincer stand (c), as represented in
Figure 15, in which (a") represents a shaft, to which the said guide ()
is attached; (b) the cam bar, and (c) a cam on the pincer stand (a)
which elevates and depresses the guide (3) by acting on the said cam
bar (6) as the said pincer stand (2) is moved towards and from the
cloth. The number of these guides to be employed may vary according
to the size and length of the pile wires. Instead also of employing
cords or wires to guide and support the pile wires as they pass between
the warps, a long guide, similar to that represented by (e), Figure 12,
may be used, said long guides (e) being connected with a bar which

page_text: shall be elevated to bring said guides up into the shed of the warps at
the proper time to guide the wires, and depressed again to withdraw
them during the operation of weaving. Instead also of applying the
yielding bar (7) for, allowing the pincers to yield to the action of the
aforesaid vibrating box or holder, it may be applied to the cam (5") by
making a portion of one of its flanges to yield against a spring, in a
similar manner to that in which the said sliding bar (') yields against
the spring (7). All the parts of my Invention may be used together
or separately in the same loom without affecting their character. But
so long as any one part is used to accomplish the same end, it will par-
take of the nature of my Invention.
Having fully described the various parts of my Invention, and pointed
out its modifications, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by
Letters Patent, is as follows, viz :--
First, I claim the method of constructing and operating the pincers
or other equivalents for successively operating the pile.wires, so that
they shall carry said pile wires forward to the fell of the cloth, and hold
hold them in position with their proper edges upwards, until they are
otherwise secured substantially as specified.
I also claim constructing the pincers for successively operating the
pile wires substantially as specified, whereby collision with the lathe is
easily avoided.
I also claim in combination with the pincers or their equivalents for
successively operating the pile wires, a guide or guides that shall move
towards and from the breast beam in unison with said pincers or their
equivalents, and successively receive the ends of the said pile wires as
they are drawn from the cloth, carry them back to the open shed of the
warps and guide, and support them as they pass therein, substantially.
as specified.
I also claim the application of long horizontal guides substantially in
the manner and for the purpose specified.
I also claim the application of a vibrating box or holder, in com-
bination with the pincers or their equivalents, for successively operating
the pile wires, substantially in the manner and for the purpose
specified.

page_text: I also claim in combination with the pile wires a bar or guide, which
shall successively press against said pile wires, to keep them in a proper
position during the operation of cutting, substantially as specified.
And, finally, I claim the method of applying the tension weight and
brake to the whip roller substantially in the manner and for the pur-
pose specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said Peter Graham, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this First day of June, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.
Witness,
J. G. TONGUE..
PETER GRAHAM. (L.S.)