Improvements in Apparatus for the Filtration of Sugar Liquor.
Year: 1885

page_text: Improvements in Apparatus for the Filtration of Sugar Liquor.
I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE of the firm of Haseltine, Lake & Co, Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature
of my invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE FILTRATION OF SUGAR
LIQUOR" and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :—
}
My invention relates to apparatus for effecting the filtration of sugar liquor
through a mass of bone black which is being continuously, or nearly continuously,
removed from the place where the sugar liquor is first introduced into the filter, so
that the sugar liquor is first brought into contact with the more exhausted black,
and as it makes its way through the filtering apparatus, is brought into contact
with bone black which is less and less exhausted, and is finally discharged from
the filter at or near the place where the fresh bone black is introduced into the
filter.
In the accompanying drawing illustrating filtering apparatus embodying my
invention
Figure 1 is a top view.
Figure 2 is a central vertical section, on the line x, x, Figure 1..
Figure 3 is a transverse section of the lower portion of the apparatus, on the
line
3, y Figure 2.
The apparatus consists of a vertical cylinder A, the lower end of which is provided
with a horizontal diaphragm a containing a multiplicity of perforations...
Immediately beneath the stationary diaphragm a is a revolving disc a' provided
with perforations capable of being successively brought, by the rotation of the
disc a¹, into alignment with the perforations in the stationary diaphragm a.
pro-
The rotation of the disc a¹ is effected by means of the horizontal shaft a³,
vided upon its inner end with the bevel pinion a³ which engages the teeth a* formed
upon the under side of the rotating disc a¹, and which is driven by a belt which
engages the pulley a³ affixed to the portion of the shaft a* which projects outside .
of the cylinder A.
The perforations in the stationary diaphragm are arranged in concentric circles
of different diameters, and those in the rotating plate are arranged in concentric

page_text: circles of like diameters, respectively, but the perforations in the rotating disc are
so arranged, relatively to the perforations in the stationary diaphragm, that when
the perforations in the middle portions of the rotating disc are brought into
alignment with the corresponding perforations in the middle of the stationary
diaphragm, the perforations, near the periphery of the rotating disc are out of
alignment with the perforations near the periphery of the diaphragm; or, vice
versa, when the perforations in the periphery of the rotating disc and those near
the periphery of the diaphragm are brought into alignment with each other, the
perforations near the middle of the plate and of the diaphragm are out of alignment
with each other.
The object of this relative arrangement of the systems of perforations is to effect
a uniform discharging movement from all parts of the base of the mass of bone-
black A¹ contained in the cylinder A.
The bone-black discharges through the perforations in the diaphragm a and.the
rotating plate a¹, and falls into a chamber B, the bottom of which is rounded and
forms a trough, the lower half of which is concentric with the horizontal screw
propeller shaft C, one end C of which projects through the wall of the chamber B
and is provided with a toothed wheel or pulley by means of which the propeller is
rotated.
The opposite end of the chamber B communicates, by means of a short tube B¹,
with the lower end of a vertical elevator cylinder or well D, containing a vertical
elevator screw D¹, the lower end of which is seated in a step d formed upon the
bottom of the vertical cylinder D.
A suitable frame, extending across the end of the tube B¹ adjoining the lower
end of the cylinder D, supports the journal C' for the inner end of the horizontal
shaft C.
At the upper end of the cylinder D there is provided the inclined chute E, by
means of which the bone black elevated by the.elevator screw D¹ is carried off.
The service pipe F for conducting the sugar liquor to be filtered into the filter is
situated at a suitable distance below the chute E
Near its upper end, the wall of the cylinder A is provided with a series of per-
forations G, through which the sugar liquor which has passed through the black is
conducted to the trough G, from which it is led into suitable receiving vessels.
One or more thicknesses of blanket G' are arranged in connection with the
openings G in the usual manner, to prevent the passage of the bone-black into
the trough G.
In operation, the bone-black is fed into the upper end of the cylinder A, and, by
means of the adjustable plate a¹ and perforated diaphragm a, is discharged into the
chamber B, along the bottom of which it is propelled by the horizontal propelling
screw C into the bottom of the well or elevating cylinder D, up which it is elevated
by the rotation of the vertical screw D¹, and from which it is discharged at the top
into the chute E.
The sugar liquor fed through the pipe F falls by its own gravity through the
black contained in the elevator tube D, and rises by hydrostatic pressure in the
cylinder A, and is discharged through the perforations G into the trough G.
The speed of rotation of the propeller shafts C and D is regulated with reference
to removing the black from the filter as rapidly as it becomes exhausted, so that its
place may be taken by fresh bone-black fed into the upper end of the cylinder A.
The propelling screws may be kept in continuous slow rotation, or they may be
rotated intermittently, if desired. In either case, the substantial result is that the
bone-black is fed continuously, or substantially so, through the filtering apparatus
in one direction, while the sugar liquor is fed through the apparatus and through
the bone-black in the opposite direction.
The bone-black as will be seen, moves through one part of the filtering apparatus,
(to wit, the cylinder A and the chamber B,) by its own gravity, and is moved
through the remaining portion of the apparatus by mechanical means.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed as communicated
to me by my foreign correspondent I declare that what I claim is
First. In apparatus for filtering sugar liquor through bone-black, a vertical
cylinder into the top of which bone-black is fed, and down which it falls by its
own gravity; a receiving chamber at the bottom of said vertical cylinder, and an
elevator tube connected with the said receiving chamber; and means for moving
the bone-black from the receiving chamber and thence upward through the elevator
tube, and discharging it at or near the top of the elevator tube, in combination with
a service pipe for introducing the sugar liquor into the upper part of the elevator
cylinder, and a discharge outlet or outlets for the discharge of the sugar liquor from
the apparatus; the arrangement being such that the mass of bone-black is moved
through the filtering apparatus in one direction, while the sugar liquor is moved
through it, or through a suitable part of it, in the opposite direction, substantially
as described.
•
Second. The combination with a bone-black filter, of an upright elevator cylinder
provided with an elevator screw, the axis of which is coincident with the axis of
said cylinder, for elevating bone-black through said cylinder and discharging it from
the top thereof, and means for conveying the exhausted bone black from the bottom
of the filtering chamber into the lower part of said cylinder, substantially as, and
for the purpose, set forth.
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