matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTARY ENGINES AND PUMPS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
October 1865.-A communication from abroad by Fidèle Chatelain, of
Lille, France.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROTARY ENGINES AND PUMPS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in constructing rotary engines as hereafter explained.
A cam shaped block is fixed in the centre of a circular case, an aperture in
the centre of the block gives passage to a shaft fixed on a disc piston carrying
in slots sliding vanes, there is an inlet. and outlet passage, and between them
a curved guide is fixed on the inside of the edge of the case. There is &
cover fitting tight to the case, and stuffing boxes surround the shaft both in
the case and cover. Upon steam being admitted through the inlet passage
its course is stopped in. one direction by the end of the curved guide, and it
acts upon such of the vanes as are protruded from the piston by the inner
fixed cam shaped block and drives them as well as the piston round; as soon
as each vane passes the outlet passage the steam behind it escapes, and the
outer end of the vane coming in contact with the curved guide at its rise is

page_text: gradually driven in until the guide fills the space between the piston and the
edge of the case. After passing the guide the inner cam shaped block drives
out the vane to be acted on as before described, and so on with all the sliding
vanes. When used as a pump liquid instead of steam is received at the inlet
.
passage.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHEET METAL HANDLES FOR SPOONS, SAUCEPANS,. AND OTHER UTENSILS FOR CULINARY PURPOSES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Fallows at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th .August
1865..
I, JAMES FALLOWS, of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of
America, now. of No. 8, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Plate Worker, do hereby declare the nature of the said:
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SHEET METAL HANDLES FOR SPOONS, SAUCEPANS,.
AND OTHER UTENSILS FOR CULINARY PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
The said improvements consist in making the handles of spoons, ladles,.
forks,. saucepans, and other utensils of two distinct pieces of sheet iron or
tin plate which are united by pressing, and afterwards dipped into or
passed through a bath of melted tin or alloy in order to cement the whole
firmly together,, and give the external surface thereof a bright or polished
appearance..
In constructing handles according to my Invention, I cut out the blanks
from comparatively thin sheet iron or tin plate; these blanks are then com-
pressed between suitable dies so as to give them any curved or ornamented.
form desired,. the edges of the wider or upper side blank (except just at the
bowl end), being at the same time turned inwards. The two blanks are then
adjusted together in the required position, and the edges of the upper blank
are pressed closely down over the edges of the lower blank, thereby uniting
and securing them tightly and permanently together, leaving a hollow space:
between.

page_text: When applied to a spoon, the handle is formed with a mouth or cavity at
its end, and into this cavity a shank or projection formed on the bowl of said
spoon is inserted, and the spoon thus formed is then passed between dies
provided for the purpose of accurately closing the joints and giving the spoon
or other article its required shape or set. The said spoon or other article is
then dipped into or passed through the melted tin or alloy which cements all
the joints or seams closely and covers the surface thereof with.a. brilliant coat
of metal.
For spoons, ladles, or forks intended to be used in boiling oils, the bowl
and lower blank may be formed in one piece and afterwards united to the
upper blank in the manner above described, or the handle may be secured to
the shank by a small rivet. When my improved handle is applied to a
saucepan or other similar article, the handle is united to the flange in the
manner above described, and the flange is afterwards secured to the saucepan
by any ordinary means.
By this method of constructing handles, very thin sheet metal can be
employed, thus making a lighter, cheaper, and stronger article which can be
sharply and accurately ornamented by stamping dies, and as the parts are
fixed permanently together before being dipped, the latter operation can be
performed without danger of injuring or separating the parts.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Daniel Gourley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st Marchi
1865.
I, DANIEL GOURLEY, of Hornsey, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF BOOTS AND SHOES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists, firstly, in a peculiar fastening of the boot or shoe,
whereby the use of laces and other kinds of fastenings over the arch of the
foot are superseded, and the action of the arch of the foot left free, and also the
side springs now in use, which by permitting the foot to slip forward to the toc
of the boot throw much of the weight of the body on the toes, and thereby
cause serious injury to them. The same fastening forms a very material
support to the annular ligament at the ankle joint. The said fastening
consists in a band of leather or any other suitable material passing over
the annular ligament, and fastened by a buckle or other suitable fastening.
Secondly, the sole of the foot is protected from injurious contact with hard
roads, flagstones, which prematurely impair the elastic tissue of the sole of
the foot, by an elastic material placed between the soles of boots or shoes. By
these means the foot will be protected from injury and supported in its
mechanical action.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DRIVING ROLLS FOR ROLLING METALS, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th January 1865.-A communication from abroad by Antoine Francois
Marrel, of Rive de Gier, France.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DRIVING ROLLS FOR ROLLING METALS, AND IN APPARATUS
EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in driving or working rolls for rolling metals by
means of hydraulic pressure. I compress by an ordinary pump water into a
receiver at very high pressure. I afterwards introduce this water by a pipe
into a distributing box. Then by means of a lever acting on two pistons or
valves in the distributing box I admit the compressed water into one or other
of two cylinders at the right and left of the rolls, according to the side
required to be worked, or direction in which the rolls are to be driven. The
water acting on pistons in these cylinders gives the pistons to-and-fro motion,
more or less prolonged according to the distribution given by the lever which
actuates the valves in the distributing box. These pistons are connected to
each other by a rack, which as it receives 'to-and-fro motion from the pistons,
works a pinion on the roll shaft. Pressure is exerted on the bearings of the
upper roll by a piston acted on by water led by a pipe from the receiver
before mentioned, and is regulated by an escape cock fitted to the cylinder of
the piston last mentioned.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN SLEEVE LINKS, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER DRESS FASTENINGS AND ORNAMENTS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Richards at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
January 1865.
I, WILLIAM HENRY RICHARDS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SLEEVE LINKS, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER
DRESS FASTENINGS AND ORNAMENTS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of the improvements hereinafter explained in the
parts of sleeve links by which the attachment to the dress is effected. My
said Invention may also be applied to such other dress fastenings and ornaments
as are or may be attached or fastened by a hinged and hooked bar or tongue.
I will describe my Invention as applied to a sleeve link. On the inner
side of the body of the sleeve link I attach a plate having a raised hollow
bar or channel in its middle, in which hollow bar or channel a rod is made to
slide, one end of the said rod protruding from the edge of the body of the
sleeve link. I joint or hinge to the edge of the under side of the sleeve link
a hooked bar or tongue capable of extending nearly from side to side of the
sleeve link. I make the jointed hooked bar or tongue by preference of steel,
but other metals or alloys having sufficient elasticity may be employed.
Across the raised hollow bar or channel, and at the side opposite to that at
which the hooked bar or tongue is hinged, a slot or opening is made, in which.
slot or opening the free end of the binged bar or tongue can be made to

page_text: engage, and from which it can be withdrawn. The free end of the said bar
or tongue is bent inwards, or nearly doubled upon the other part, so as to
form a small hook or snap. In order to fasten the link the hooked tongue
or bar is passed through the sleeve in the ordinary way, and closed or shut
down upon the back of the body of the said link. On the closing of the
hooked bar or tongue the hook or snap at its free end bears against one edge
of the slot across the raised bar or channel, and by pressure upon the said
bar or tongue the hook or snap enters the said slot and engages or snaps
therein. The sleeve link is thereby securely attached to the sleeve. To
unfasten the link the protruding end of the rod sliding in the hollow bar or
channel is pressed inwards. Its opposite end is thereby made to press upon
the hooked or snap end of the hinged bar or tongue and liberate it from the
edge of the slot of the hollow bar or channel, when the said bar or tongue
springs open and unfastens the link from the sleeve. The motion of the
releasing bar is limited in either direction by a cross piece. I make the plate
from which the hollow bar or channel is raised, as well as the fixed portions.
of the joint or hinge of the hinged bar or tongue, from one piece of sheet
metal, and I cover the bottom of the raised bar or channel in the fixed.plate
by means of a second plate folded over the edges of the first described plate.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS, SHOES, SADDLERY, HARNESS, AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Clark at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th January
1865. A communication from abroad by Toussaint Landrin, Merchant,
of 29, Boulevart St. Martin, Paris.
I, WILLIAM CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS, SHOES, SADDLERY,
HARNESS, AND OTHER ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved method of uniting leather and all
other articles by means of a solution of gutta percha, india-rubber, or other
equivalent. Boots and shoes, all kinds of harness and saddlery, driving straps,
and all articles of leather generally, or fabrics in certain cases, may be manu-
factured according to this Invention.
The Invention consists, 1st, in exerting considerable pressure on the above-
mentioned articles by means of any suitable apparatus and means of com-
pression hitherto known, but particularly by the employment of closed or
partially closed matrices enclosing all the parts of the articles in process of
manufacture which are to be united by means of the adhesive substances;
in this manner the articles may be made to assume the form given to th
interior of the die; 2ndly, in heating the uniting adhesive substances by means

page_text: of a blow-pipe and heated air, which latter has never been before employed
for softening the matters employed for uniting leather or fabrics; 3rdly, in
forming hollow articles of leather or suitable fabrics by the aid of com-
pressed air acting on an internal elastic core of india-rubber, vulcanized or
otherwise, or it may be other material, which may be caused to expand by its
natural properties or arrangement.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STOCKINGS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Ayckbourn at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th August
1865.
I, FREDERICK AYCKBOURN, of Southampton Street, in the City of West-
minster, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STOCKINGS," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in stockings has for its object to super-
sede the use of the ordinary separate garters for holding up stockings on the
leg. This is effected by adapting and securing to any ordinary stocking a
band, which when the stocking is put on may be fastened round the leg, and
thus keep up the stocking as the ordinary separate garters now do. This
band may be formed of a piece of tape or webbing, and is to be sewed on to
the leg of the stocking at the proper place by means of a sewing machine or
otherwise. In attaching this band to the stocking, a loop is left in the band,
and a sufficient length of the band is left at the end to admit of being passed
through the loop, in order to secure the band without tying it. As the bands
are attached permanently to the stockings there will be no risk of losing
them, and they will be always ready at hand.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CUPS OR SOCKETS APPLIED TO CANDLES AND OTHER LIGHTS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Clark at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
December 1865. - A communication from abroad by Cléanthe
St. Coumbary, Merchant, of 29, Boulevart St. Martin, Paris.
I, WILLIAM CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,.
Engineer and Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CUPS OR SOCKETS APPLIED TO CANDLES AND
OTHER LIGHTS," to be as follows:—
This Invention relates to the cups or sockets applied to candles, gas, or
wax lights, which are usually made of white or colored glass or crystal
with a plain surface or cut in facets, and either cast or otherwise. The
great objection to these is that they soon break either under the action of
heat when the candle or wax light has burnt down, or in handling or
cleaning.
According to this Invention I make these articles of polished steel, iron,
copper, bronze, or other metal, polished in all cases. These metal cups or
sockets are not liable to break, and being polished form reflecting surfaces;
they do not throw any shadow, as the shadow projected from the plane of
the top of the candle would be larger than the cup or socket itself during
the greater part of its combustion. The Invention thus consists in the
manufacture of cups or sockets of polished metal, as above described, either
by casting, stamping, turning, grinding, or otherwise.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Alfred Castree at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th January
1865.
I, JOHN ALFRED CASTREE, of the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to double looms in which two pieces of fabric are
woven at one and the same time on the same level.
The warps for the two fabrics pass between the dents of two separate reeds
attached to one or more reed caps and to one lathe or batten, there being two
shuttle boxes and one or two slots on the same level. Instead of using two
picking sticks only for actuating the pickers and shuttles I employ a picking
stick at each end of the lathe, and either one or more, as may be found
desirable, in the middle, but one in preference. The picking stick or sticks
pass through a slot or slots in the lathe or lathes, and are worked by tappets
or projections on the tappet shaft or on shafts parallel with the shuttle boxes
and slots. When desirable instead of forming a slot or slots for the centre
stick or sticks I divide the lathe into two parts, leaving between them a space
merely sufficient to allow the traverse of the stick or sticks. In all cases there
will be three or more pickers and picking rods, and when there are four
picking sticks each picker will be driven by its corresponding stick, but when
there are three picking sticks the centre stick acts alternately upon two pickers,
one at each side.
Im- PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PHTHALIC ACID AND CHLOROXYNAPHTHALIC ACID AND IN DYEING AND PRINTING
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by François Alexandre Laurent and
John Casthelaz at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 13th June 1865.
We, FRANÇOIS ALEXANDRE LAURENT and JOHN CASTHELAZ, both of Rue
St. Croix de la Bretonnerie, No. 19, Paris, in the Empire of France,
Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PHTHALIC ACID AND CHLOROXYNAPHTHALIC
ACID AND IN DYEING AND PRINTING," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
phthalic acid and chloroxynaphthalic acid, and in dyeing and printing. In
order to produce simultaneously phthalic acid and chloroxynaphthalic acid we
proceed as follows:-We treat naphthaline with hydrochloric acid and alkaline
or earthy chlorates, shaking them together when cold. Naphthaline thus
treated becomes converted into a mixture consisting principally of bichloride
of naphthaline and bichloride of chloro-naphthaline. The mixture of these
two bichlorides, either purified or not, is oxidized by means of nitric acid and
heat. We work by preference with a bain-marie, in this manner a mixture is
obtained consisting of phthalic acid of chloride of chloroxynaphthyle accom-
panied with a residue. By treating with boiling water the phthalic acid is sepa-
rated and it crystallizes on cooling. The remainder when treated by alkalies
or the salts formed by them with weak acids gives a solution of a salt of

page_text: chloroxynaphthalic acid. This solution treated with a mineral acid gives
chloroxynaphthalic acid, still however in an impure state; to purify it it is
dissolved in water in the presence of a base or of a salt which seizes on the
impurities and holds them in an insoluble form. We also according to our
Invention dye and print fabrics, fibres, or yarns and paper with chloroxy-
naphthalic acid. The phthalic acid we employ for the manufacture of
benzoic acid in the manner described in the Provisional Specification of a
former Patent granted to us, and dated the 30th of January 1865, No. 263.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE AND APPLICATION OF GLASS AND OTHER VITREOUS COMPOSITIONS
Year: 1865

page_text: Petition, on the 1st May 1865.
We, ARTHUR HOWARD EMERSON and ROBERT FOWLER, both of Mildmay
Park, Stoke Newington, in the County of Middlsex, Gentlemen, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE AND APPLICATION OF GLASS AND OTHER VITREOUS COMPOSITIONS," to be as
follows:-
We take silica with oxides of the alkaline, earthy, or common metals, and
fuse them together for the purpose of making a homogenous compound which
may be defined as glass metal, varying the quantities or relative proportions
of the materials employed, and we introduce any of the well known materials
for coloring the metal whilst in a state of fusion by incorporating it with the
original charge in a crucible or pot according to the purpose for which the
metal is intended to be run out or employed, but instead of subjecting the
materials or mixture contained in the crucibles to a long continued beat
extending over a period of usually from twenty to thirty hours, necessitating
considerable expenditure for the necessary plant, labour, fuel, wear and tear of
furnaces, pots, and other apparatus, as also for the interest of money on dead
capital, we employ a blast of air under pressure which may at the commence-
ment of the charge be admitted at the atmospheric temperature and be
gradually heated until the temperature of the blast employed may reach that at
which it has been found useful in hot-blast furnaces for the reduction of iron

page_text: ores in the manufacture of iron. By this means we are enabled to reduce
the metal in from one-fourth to one-half the usual time, and also produce a
metal better adapted for casting or running into moulded forms. We take
the metal which has been thus rapidly run down and pour it into moulds in
the ordinary way of casting metals.
We also employ for the purpose of making coarse articles, strong bottle
glass, such as the metal of which soda water bottles and such like articles are
made, and either alone or in combination with fresh metal, run it down under
a blast (as before described), and run the metal so melted or remelted into
such articles as chimney pieces, sinks, wash basins, monumental and other
tablets, slabs, and such like articles; also for coffins, boxes, and other hollow
articles and wares, and for the linings of various hollow articles and things.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF-ACTING TEMPLES POR LOOMS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Eastwood and George
Eastwood at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 24th April 1865.
We, CHARLES EASTWOOD, of Ravensthorpe Mirfield, in the County of York,
Power Loom Turner, and GEORGE EASTWOOD, of Honley, near Huddersfield,
in the same County, Smith and Machine Maker, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF-ACTING TEMPLES POR LOOMS,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to apparatus for holding on the selvedges of fabrics
during the process of weaving so as to resist the action of the shuttle, or the
drag of the weft on the warp threads, and thereby maintain the fabric at a
uniform width throughout its length. Heretofore spiked rollers have been
employed for this purpose of various constructions and arrangements, but by
the mode of application thereof they do not hold on the fabric sufficiently.
close up to the edge of the cloth, or to the last shoot of weft where the
drag is.
Our improvements consist in mounting such rollers in frames, so constructed
and applied as to be capable of sliding and being adjusted at the point of nip
to hold on the last shoot of weft at the time when the pick is being made,
and then caused to recede a little by the action of the lathe or batten at the
beat-up thereof, to avoid coming into collision or contact with the reed. An
adjustable finger projects from the moveable frame, which is set so that the

page_text: front of the batten or shuttle bed will strike against it just before the lathe
arrives at the end of its stroke, forcing the temple back against the pressure
of a spring, which on the return of the latho presses the temple into position
again ready for the next shoot of weft.
A NOVEL OPTICAL ARRANGEMENT BY WHICH A NEW SCENIC EFFECT IS PRODUCED
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Kerr at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th December
1865.
I, WALTER KERR, of Fulham, in the County of Middlesex, Manager of
the Electric and Lime Light Company, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "A NOVEL OPTICAL ARRANGEMENT BY WHICH A NEW
SCENIC EFFECT IS PRODUCED," to be as follows:-
I propose to place an object, say, for instance, a man prone on the stage
of a theatre or the floor of any room face upwards, the head being slightly
raised. Above the head I place a parallel or metallic reflector of glass
silvered either by Drayton's process or in the ordinary manner, or I may
use a polished plate, the silver being deposited on the under surface next
the object, or the reflector may be of speculum metal. In contact with
the upper extremity of the reflector I place a box or case containing a
pair of achromatic lenses, and in front of these lenses, and at a proper focal
distance, I place a semi-transparent medium of sufficient capacity to
receive the enlarged reflection of the object on the stage or floor. At the
back of the object is placed on an upright one or more lime or electric
lights.
If the object to be produced be a man or woman's face, all but the head
should be hidden, say, by a black board or other means. The operation
is as follows:-A strong light is cast upon the face, the latter is represented
in the parallel reflector, and by means of the achromatic lenses passed on

page_text: to the semi-transparent medium, presenting to the spectators the face at
from twice to thrice the natural size or more, and with every feature so
perfect that when the man on the floor speaks the shadow face on the
medium appears to be addressing the audience or any person at either the
right or left of the medium.
A FOG OR OTHER SIGNAL FOR THE PREVENTION OF COLLISIONS AT SEA, OR ON RIVERS, OR CANALS, OR ON LAND
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Clifton Cleaver and Joseph
Cleaver at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 16th February 1865.
We, HENRY CLIFTON CLEAVER, of the Town and County of the Town of
Nottingham, Master Mariner, and JOSEPH CLEAVER, of the same Place, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A FOG OR OTHER SIGNAL
FOR THE PREVENTION OF COLLISIONS AT SEA, OR ON RIVERS, OR CANALS, OR ON LAND,"
to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists of a signal constructed as follows:-A frame supports
a circular or otherwise shaped bellows, or one or more air pumps, which force
air into a reservoir supported by the frame, the bellows or pumps are worked
by hand or otherwise. On the frame are a whistle (similar in character to
a steam whistle) and a horn or trumpet, these are either fixtures, or capable
of turning on a swivel joint, so as to be out of the way when not in use; the
swivel joints are hollow and connected to the air vessel above named.
Between the swivels and air vessel is a stopcock having a handle by which
the air may be directed to the horn, or trumpet, or whistle, either of which
will produce a loud and continuous sound, alternately or otherwise, in any
prearranged order, so as to produce any signal or series of signals, whether

page_text: as fog signals, or telegraphic signals. The whistle may sometimes be placed
in a box of wood so as to produce a very loud bass sound. We propose to
employ these signals either on land, or on board vessels, on rivers, or canals,
or at sea.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING FATS AND FATTY MATTERS FOR THE MANU- FACTURE OF CANDLES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd March 1865.-A communication from abroad by Emile Dangivillé
and Victor Baliat, both of St. Berain-sur-D'heune, France.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING FATS AND FATTY MATTERS FOR THE MANU-
FACTURE OF CANDLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in treating fatty matters as hereafter described. I
first prepare a bath by evaporating caustic lyes to 15° Beaumé, made of a
mixture of potass and soda. The evaporation is continued until the mixture
of caustic alkalis reaches a temperature of about 570° Fahrenheit (300°
centigrade); I then pour into this bath gradually the fatty body to be treated,
and raise and lower therein a perforated plate or agitator until solidification
of the fatty matter. The mass is raised in perforated scoops and placed in a
vessel heated by a naked fire or by steam, and containing already alkaline
Jye at 15° Beaumé. The mass and lye are well stirred and allowed to settle
for about 18 hours to allow the soapy mass to separate from the lye; this
latter is then run off. The soapy mass will be still charged with caustic and
carbonated alkalis, and to free it from them the vessel is filled with weak lyes
and water, and the whole well stirred and heated to boiling point, and then
allowed to settle for about 18 hours. The soap will then only contain the
necessary quantity of alkali; it is removed to be decomposed by an acid. This

page_text: decomposition is effected by sulphuric acid in a vessel lined with lead. It is
charged with sulphuric acid diluted to 35° Beaumé; it is heated and the soap is
added gradually and stirred in. In about 12 to 15 hours the decomposition
will be complete. 15 hours are allowed for settlement, when the solidified
fatty matter is removed, care being taken not to take off with it black scum
and matter produced by the operation and on the surface of the acid water.
These black matters are afterwards treated separately by acid water under
heat to separate the last trace of fatty acid therefrom. The solid fatty acids
obtained from the acid decomposition possess the necessary hardness for the
manufacture of candles, but they are colored. To make them white I boil
them several hours in water, which is renewed, and then distill them with a
great excess of superheated steam in such apparatuses as are now used for the
distillation of fatty matters acidified by sulphuric acid. Having to distill a
matter intended for being run into candles without further preparation, the
temperature should be moderate and the steam in greater quantity than for
ordinary working.
IMPROVED MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SCOURING STONES, MARBLES, SLATES, AND BRICKS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jonas Hird and Joshua Walker
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 11th March 1865.
We, JONAS HIRD, of Shipley, in the County of York, and JOSHUA WALKER,
of Idle, also in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SCOURING STONES,
MARBLES, SLATES, AND BRICKS," to be as follows:-
The object of our Invention is to produce a smooth and even surface on the
substances named in our title, and to avoid the grooves made by the usual
system of scouring.
For this purpose, within a convenient framework, which we make rectangular
by preference, we place trams to bear wheels or rollers which carry a moving
table having a reciprocating motion within the framework. The moving
table is adapted to receive heavy blocks, though of course light ones may be
put on if desired. Over this table we place a framework, into which small
and lighter slabs are secured than those in the bottom by means of tightening
screws through the side of the framework. This upper frame we connect to
a crank on the driving shaft by means of a connecting rod, having ball joints
near either end and at right angles to the connecting rod, which imparts the
reciprocating motion to the bottom table. We also attach a second connect-
ing rod to the upper table at right angles to the first-named one, and actuate
it by an eccentric or ordinary mechanical appliances.

page_text: The apparatus being set in motion the operation is as follows:-The lower
table has simply a reciprocating motion, whilst the upper one has a two-fold
one, being moved both transversely and longitudinally by the connecting rods
before named, thus obtaining a parabolical motion giving the results named.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Pitt at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th November
1865.
I, JAMES PITT, of Cleckheaton, in the County of York, Machine Maker,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
SEWING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
My improvements relate to the application to sewing machines of an
instrument in the form of a cone in combination with other apparatus, the said
cone moving freely up and down upon the needle bar, and so adapted and
arranged as to ensure perfect regularity in the motion of the foot which feeds
forward the work, and at any angle at which the revolving head of the machine
is for the time arranged to work. The said instrument or appliance consists
of a small cone through which the needle bar passes, such cone being placed
in the revolving head of the machine and pressed down upon the end of a
lever which actuates it, together with the feed mechanism, by means of a
spiral spring around the needle bar. When the machine is in motion the side
of the cone acts against an incline upon an intermediate lever, which lever
actuates the foot and ensures perfect regularity in the length of the stitch at
any required angle and upon any thickness of material which the machine is
adapted for operating upon. This arrangement of the lever by acting upon

page_text: the cone actuates the feed motion without direct connection with the foot.
By this combination of the said cone with the revolving head the machine will
stitch at any radius in an arc of 250 degrees or more with perfect regularity
in length of stitch.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-PLACES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Brown Wilson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th February
1865.
I, EDWARD BROWN WILSON, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN FIRE-PLACES," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to a certain improved method or mode of constructing
fire-places, and is based upon an Invention of "Improvements in Fire-places"
for which Letters Patent were granted unto the said Edward Brown Wilson*
on or about the 16th day of January 1864, and numbered 128. The essential
features of the present Invention consist, under one modification, of forming
the fire-place proper in direct communication with the chamber at the back
of the fire-grate instead of partially dividing them by a diaphragm, as described
in the Specification of the Patent herein-before referred to. The heated pro-
ducts of combustion pass directly into the chamber formed by the grate and
the recess at the lower part of the chimney, the upper part of the chamber
thus formed being partially closed in, the opening left being fitted with a
suitable valve to regulate the draught.
According to a second modification a chamber similar to the one before
referred to is formed at the back and sides of the fire-place, and a set or sets
of pipes are placed in the chamber in connexion with openings or perforations
at the top and bottom parts of the front plate; thus as the cool air rushes in
at the bottom openings through the pipes it is expelled at the top perforations,
having been warmed and expanded by its contact with the heated sides of the

page_text: pipes or ducts; or instead of this arrangement the pipes or flues may be
constructed to carry the products of combustion into the chimney, the front
plate being perforated at the bottom for the admission of cool air, whilst the
top is perforated for the emission of it after being heated.
A third modification of this Invention consists in converting the upper part
of ordinary or other fire-grates into a coal hopper or holder, so that as the
lower part of the fuel becomes burnt away the fresh coal falls downward by
gravitation, the supply thus being continuous; a quantity sufficient for any
period of consumption may be inserted, the consequence being that the supply
of the fuel to the fire becomes automatic. In all the modifications herein-
before described the fire-bars of ordinary fire-places are dispensed with, and a
bottom of fire-clay or other suitable material is substituted. It is obvious
that the means of altering existing fire-places are exceedingly simple, all that
is necessary being to close the ordinary smoke door and to take out the back
behind the fire-bars, the chamber and regulating valve being arranged as in
the former modification.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS COMBINING A PENCIL SHIELD AND INDIA-RUBBER
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Anthony Wheeler at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
March 1865.
I, CHARLES ANTHONY WHEELER, of Swindon, in the County of Wilts, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS
COMBINING A PENCIL SHIELD AND INDIA-RUBBER," to be as follows, that is to
say:
This Invention consists of a split tube open at one end for inserting the
point of the pencil, and closed at the other, so that when the pencil is pushed
home the point shall come in contact with the closed end, and thereby prevent
its being broken by projecting beyond. When the pencil is required for use
it is withdrawn from the sheath and the uncut end inserted therein. A band
of india-rubber is also placed round the closed end at or near the top, as may
be found most convenient, so as to be at hand when required. The tube may
be made of gold, silver, iron, steel, or any other elastic and suitable metal, and
be ornamented with any design or.configuration.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CERTAIN KNITTED FABRICS, AND IN THE MEANS FOR PRODUCING THE SAME
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Webb at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st October
1865.
I, THOMAS WEBB, of Earl Shilton, near Hinckley, in the County of
Leicester, Hosiery Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CERTAIN KNITTED FABRICS, AND IN THE MEANS
FOR PRODUCING THE SAME," to be as follows:-
My improvements in knitted fabrics relate to such as are produced in circular
knitting frames and like machines. Hitherto knitted fabrics have been
produced in such machines by combining two or more threads together of
different material or color, but the resulting fabric has been the same on both
sides. My improvements consist in forming such knitted fabrics of threads
or sets of threads of different colors or materials, so that when knitted the
thread or set of threads of one color or material will form the face of one side
of the fabric, and the thread or set of threads of the other color or material
will form the face of the other side of the fabric; and the improvements in
the means or machinery by which I manufacture my improved fabric consist
in the mode of guiding the thread or threads which are to form the intended
knitted fabric to the needles of the machine. Hitherto this has been done
by conducting all the threads through one hole or guide, the threads being
thus close together, and being permitted to twist together without tension,

page_text: but by my improvements each thread or set of threads is kept separate and
apart from the other by being passed through separate guides, and tension
is put upon one thread or set of threads by weights or the friction produced
by passing round or over rods or other equivalents, while the other thread
or set of threads is left comparatively free from tension, and by this means
the threads are presented to and taken by the hooks of the needles in the
position they are intended to occupy in the fabric, consequently one thread
or set of threads when knitted forms the face of one side, and the other thread
or set of threads the face of the other side of the fabric.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR PURIFYING AND DEODORISING IMPURE AIR, WHETHER IN BUILDINGS, SHIPS, MINES, OR SEWERS, WHICH IMPROVEMENT IS ALSO APPLICABLE FOR VENTILATING PURPOSES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph John Harrison and
Edward Harrison at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 20th December 1865.
We, JOSEPH JOHN HARRISON, of Broughton, in the County of Lan-
caster, Civil Engineer, and EDWARD HARRISON, of Balham Hill, in the
County of Surrey, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR PURIFYING AND
DEODORISING IMPURE AIR, WHETHER IN BUILDINGS, SHIPS, MINES, OR SEWERS,
WHICH IMPROVEMENT IS ALSO APPLICABLE FOR VENTILATING PURPOSES," to be as
follows:-
Our Invention is designed for the purpose of purifying, deodorising, and
disinfecting the air or gases contained in private or public buildings, also
in ships, mines, sewers, or other places where the atmosphere may through
any cause become impure, vitiated, or unwholesome; and the improve-
ment consists of a chamber, receptacle, or box having any desired form or
configuration, and so arranged that portions of carbon, charcoal, or other
disinfectant may be contained within it upon open shelves through which
air can freely pass, or the bottom of the said chamber supporting the dis-
infectant must be perforated and so constructed that air may have a free
passage through such perforations into and amongst the carbon, charcoal,
or other disinfectant placed therein; the circulation of the air may be thus

page_text: effected. Upon the top of the said chamber or box, a little above the
disinfectant, a lamp is placed, which when burning heats or rarifies the air
in the immediate neighbourhood, which has the effect of creating a draught
or current through the said chamber or receptacle containing charcoal,
which thereby purifies the air by its contact with such charcoal, and
renders it thoroughly pure and wholesome. The requisite current of air
may also be created by the employment of a fan, air-pump, or other
equivalent placed in the same position as the lamp before mentioned, and
driven by means of a coiled spring or other mechanical equivalent.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF TESTING RAILWAY AND OTHER SPRINGS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Mitchell and George Til-
fourd at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 18th May 1865.
We, JOSEPH MITCHELL and GEORGE TILFOURD, Engineers, both of Sheffield,
in the County of Yorkshire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF TESTING RAILWAY AND OTHER SPRINGS," to be as
follows:-
Our object is accomplished in part by the forcing of air into an accumulator
by the aid of an air pump worked either by hand or steam power, and on the
other part by forcing water into the same accumulator by an hydraulic pump
worked either by hand or steam power. The air being the elastic body is
compressed by the action of the water upon it, and when the required pressure
is thus attained it is released from the accumulator by a lever acting upon a
valve into an horizontal cylinder, which forces a ram, and consequently
compresses the spring into a straight line, or beyond to any degree required,
which returns to its original curvature by pressing a lever which opens a valve
and releases part of the accumulated water through a waste pipe.
We claim as our Invention the combined action of air and water, as
applicable to the testing of railway and other springs, in contradistinction to
steam or bydraulic power seperately, as now in use.
A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER, TOGETHER WITH CERTAIN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR APPLYING THE SAME
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Hancock and Frederick
Barnes at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 1st June 1865.
We, DAVID HANCOCK and FREDERICK BARNES, both of High Wycombe, in
the County of Bucks, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER, TOGETHER WITH
CERTAIN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR APPLYING THE SAME," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in the employment of a wheel or wheels constructed
as hereafter described for the production of motive power.
Upon a shaft or axle, by preference hollow, we insert a series of radial
arms also hollow and perforated at their outer ends. To the outer end of
each shaft we-attach flexible vessels capable of expansion and contraction, and
made by preference of india rubber. The hollow shaft is mounted and is free
to revolve on another shaft or axle which is formed with two valves in it on
opposite sides. One of these valves is in communication with a pipe through
which air, gas, steam, or other fluid is conveyed to one radial arm at a time,
and when air is used from a bellows, fan, or other appliance for generating the
same, the other valve allows the air or other fluid to escape as hereafter
described from the radial arms. Now, to apply the apparatus we place it in
a tank or vessel containing water sufficiently deep to cover or nearly cover
the top of the flexible vessels attached to the arms. Supposing air to be used
we admit it to the arms and thence to the vessels according to the direction
in which the wheel is to revolve, one vessel is first filled, and the buoyancy

page_text: thereof causes it to rise and the wheel consequently to commence rotating; as
the flexible vessel rises the next vessel becomes filled with air by the orifice
in its arm coming opposite the valve, and so on for all the vessels until they
get over the centre of gravity; the other valve then opens and the air from
each vessel successively escapes as the arms descend until the vessels are
again filled on the other side and rise as before described.
AN IMPROVED PROCESS OF PREPARING SEA-WEEDS AND OTHER VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ARTIFICIAL GUANO, FELT, ALKALINE SALTS, AND IODINE
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Donald McCrummen at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
July 1865.
I, DONALD MCCRUMMEN, of Gourock, in the County of Renfrew,. North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "AN IMPROVED
PROCESS OF PREPARING SEA-WEEDS AND OTHER VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES FOR THE
PRODUCTION OF ARTIFICIAL GUANO, FELT, ALKALINE SALTS, AND IODINE," to be as
follows, that is to say:-.
This Invention has reference to a certain improved method or process of
utilizing sea-weeds and other vegetable substances, and in the production
therefrom of artificial guano, felt, alkaline salts, and iodine.. The essential
feature of this Invention consists in the new principle of first separating the
solable from the insoluble portions of the sea-weeds and other vegetable
substances.
The process by which these products are obtained is as follows:-A
quantity of the sea-weed or other vegetable substance after being crushed
or bruised is placed in a boiler, and therein acted upon by boiling water or
steam, with or without pressure, the soluble portions are thus extracted and
separated from the insoluble, leaving the insoluble residuum to be converted

page_text: into guano or felt by processes in common use. The soluble extract or
solution obtained is employed for the production of alkaline salts and iodine
by the ordinary processes.
The advantage resulting from this Invention is that the adoption thereof
will be of great public benefit to agriculturists generally.