IMPROVEMENTS IN WATERCLOSETS, PUMPS, COCKS, LUBRICATORS, AND DECK LIGHTS
Year: 1849

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
WOOD GRAY, of Limehouse, Brassfounder, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Twenty-sixth day of
June, One thousand eight hundred and forty-nine, in the thirteenth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Thomas Wood Gray, my exors, adññors, and assigns, Her especial
licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said Thomas Wood
Gray, my exors, adñors, and assigns, and such others as I, the said Thomas
Wood Gray, my exors, adññors, or assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time, and at all times during the term of years
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Inven-
tion of "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATERCLOSETS, PUMPS, COCKS, LUBRICATORS, AND DECK
LIGHTS;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso, that I, the said
Thomas Wood Gray, should cause a particular description of the nature of my
said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by an instru-
ment in writing under my hand and seal, to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's.
High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same,.
reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Thomas Wood Gray, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and
the manner of performing the same, are fully described and ascertained in and
by the following description and Drawings, with the figures and letters marked
thereon; and in order that the Invention may be fully understood, I will
proceed to describe the Drawings:-
I will first describe the improvements in pumps, which I call a semi-
a is the eduction air
spherical pump. Figure 1 is a sectional elevation.
division on
chamber; b, the nozzle; c, c, c, cover of spherical chamber, with a
its under side to press on the centre of the flapper; d, d, are two valves on the
cover c, opening upwards; e, e, e, e, is a semispherical chamber, with top
flange, and openings at the bottom; f, f, f, f, is a circular valve flap, with fixed
spindle h; 9, 9, are two valves on the flap f, opening upwards; h is a fixed
spindle to the flapper f, with square end for crank; i is a stuffing box under
the spindle h; k shews the division for the lower part of the spherical chamber,
with stuffing box on the upper side to press on the centre of the flapper;
1, 1, 1, 1, is the outside casing to spherical chamber; m is the induction
chamber; n, n, are two valves, covering the opening from the induction
chamber m upwards; t shows the division in the upper part of the induction
chamber, which, together with the division and the vertical division under c,
divides the spherical chamber e and the upper part of the chamber m;
0, 0, 0, is a working lever, with slot for crank; p is a crank fixed on the
flapper spindle, carrying a pin and friction roller working in the slot of the
lever; q, friction roller on crank spindle; r, r, r, r, is a horizontal stancheon,
fixed to the outside case of the pump, and the end of which forms a spindle for
the lever o, o; 8, 8, 5, 3, stuffing box for the flapper spindle, as seen in
Figure 2.
Figure 2 shews a plan of the circular flapper f, with one valve removed and
the other closed. The Drawing shews the pump to be worked with a single
lever, but two may be employed.
What I claim in this Drawing, at Figures 1 and 2, is, first, the arrangement
of the semispherical chamber with circular flapper; secondly, the lever and
crank motion.
I will now describe my improvements in what I call a horizontal flapper
pump Figure 3 is a sectional elevation. a; a, a, are two eduction chambers;
b, b, are two nozzles; c, c, two vacuum chambers; d, d, is a double-winged
flapper, with fixed spindle working in the plane of the bed i and on the
stuffing box g, secured by two socket plates 2, Figure 4; e, e, are vulcanized
india-rubber sheets, forming part of the vacuum-chamber secured to the edge

page_text: of the flappers d, d, and sides of the bed i on the front and two sides of each
flapper; f is a fixed spindle to the double flapper, with square end for crank;
g is a stuffing box, across the centre of the bed i, to keep the two chambers
separate from each other; h, h, are two valves on the bed i, i, opening upwards,
and covering the two induction pipes r, r; i, i, i, i, i, i, is, the bed of the pump,
so divided as to form the two vacuum chambers, having thereon the valves
h, h, and k, k; 1, 1, 1, is a working lever with slot for crank; m is a bolt in
the standard for the lever to work on; n, the friction roller on the crank
spindle, working in the slot of the lever; o, crank fixed on the flapper spindle,
carrying a pin and friction roller n, working in the slot of lever l; p is a
plate resting on the deck when the pump is to be used in a ship; q, a
standard, carrying a pin for the lever to work on; r, r, are two induction
pipes; are two socket plates for the fixed spindle of the flapper to work
in, seen in Fig. 4; Figure 4 shews a plan of the bed plate i, i, i, i, and ther
parts; Figure 5, an elevation of the flapper, also shewing the india-rubber
vacuum chamber; Figure 6, an elevation of the cylindrical vulcanized india-
rubber vacuum chamber. 8 is the vacuum chamber, represented partly closed
with stays inside; t, the standard for fixing the working lever and double
crank together; v, v, v, is the lever with slot; w, w, the double crank, one
part working in slot of lever, and the other fixed to the rod x, moving on,
two pins to work the pump.
What I claim at Figures 3, 4, 5, and 6 is, first, the arrangement of the
double flappers with vulcanized india-rubber ends and sides, as seen in Figures
3, 5, and 6; second, the lever and crank motion for working double or single;
third, the second lever working vertically in a socket' cast in centre or top of
the double flapper, as seen in Fig. 5; fourth, the cylindrical vulcanized india-
rubber vacuum chamber.
I will now describe the improvements in the spherical pump watercloset:-
Figure 7 is a sectional elevation on the line A, B. a is the metal basin
with porcelain or other lining; b, b, b, one valve chamber with flange; c, a
valve attached to a valve pipe; d, d, d, d, is the soil chamber; e, the induction
valve to the pump; f, the spherical chamber for the flapperr, scen in Figure 8;
to work in; g,g, spindle, shewing the junction with the flapper r; h, h, is the
eduction chamber; i, i, i, Fig. 9, the plate bed of the spherical pump; 1,1, a
stuffing box for the spindle; m, a crank or square end of spindle; n, the
friction roller working in the slot of the lever; 0, 0, lever with slot to work.
the crank, one end of which is connected to the standard p; q is the eduction
valve; is the winged flapper attached to the spindle, working. in the
chamber f; s, a semicircular plate with flanges to close the spherical chamber;

page_text: t is the eduction pipe; v, the stuffing box, under the winged flapper, to make
it tight. Figure 8 shews a sectional elevation on the line C, D; Figure 9, a
plan of a pump plate, shewing the induction and eduction chambers; Figure 10,
an elevation of the cylindrical vulcanized india-rubber vacuum chamber for
pump to watercloset. z, the vacuum chamber, represented partly closed
with stays inside; a² is the standard for fixing the working lever and crank;
12, a lever with slot; c², double crank, one part working in slot of lever, and
the other fixed to the rod, moving on two pins, to raise and lower the cylindrical
chamber; d is the eduction pipe. Figure 11 shews an elevation of the
flapper vacuum chamber with vulcanized sides and end. u is vulcanized
india-rubber cover to the chamber, of the same description as before described
in the pumps; w, the spindle, to which the flapper and working gear is
attached, the same as in Figures 7 and 8; x is a stuffing box under the
spindle; y is the eduction chamber.
What I claim in this Drawing, as applied to waterclosets, is, first, the
spherical shape pump with flapper 7, as shewn at Figs. 7, 8, 9, 10, & 11;
second, lever and crank motion; third, the cylindrical vulcanized india-rubber
vacuum chamber; fourth, the single flapper with vulcanized end and sides.
I will now describe my improvements in valve cocks:-Figure 12 is a
sectional elevation shewing the cock open. a is the interior of cock; b,
the interior of the boss with screw; c is a bridge for guide to the spindle;
d, the screw flange; e, vulcanized india-rubber flange, with d and f on either
side so as to form the valve; f is a smaller screw flange; f³, a valve seating;
g, spindle, with valve at one end and terminating in thumb button h, which is
secured on to the end of the spindle; m, a coned recess within the button to
receive a portion of a vulcanized india-rubber tube; n is another coned
recess for the other end of vulcanized tube; k, k, is the vulcanized india-
rubber tube inserted in the recesses m and n, and which acts as a spring
to close the valve and to prevent leakage at the gland 1, 1, through which
the spindle passes. Figure 13, a sectional elevation of Figure 12, shewing
the cock closed; Figure 14 is a sectional elevation of the chamber, spindle,
and thumb button; Figure 15 is a sectional elevation of the vulcanized
india-rubber tube; Figure 16 is a sectional elevation of the spindle g³ with
a flange o, covered with vulcanized india-rubber capsule p or other form
of rubber; Figure 17 is a sectional elevation of the vulcanized india-rubber
capsule, which forms a facing to the valve; Figure 18 is a sectional
elevation of a cock similar to Figure 12, with the exception that the recesses
m, n, and india-rubber tube k, k, these are placed in this Figure within the
body of the cock, and between the bridge c and valve d. Figure 19 is a

page_text: sectional elevation of a part of a cock, shewing an air chamber for the pre-
vention of concussion. a is interior of cock; b is the boss with screw; d, e,
f, g, the spindle and valve with cylindrical chamber 9, cast or fixed on d,
having a vulcanized india-rubber capsule or cover'r, applied thereto. Figure
20 is a sectional elevation of part of the cock and air chamber, connected
together for the prevention of concussion; 8, s, is the air chamber, in which
is a piece of india-rubber t, t, secured between the flange at w and x; vis
the boss at the end of the air chamber to connect with pipes. . Figure 21 is
a sectional elevation of part of the cock with a metal ball valve and fixed
spindle, the valve working against a vulcanized india-rubber or other suitable
flexible material f2; a is the interior of the cock; 6 is the interior of
boss secured to the other parts, as shown; c, the bridge as a guide to the
spindle; f, the flexible seating for the ball valve; g is the spindle; u, a metal
ball ball valve with spindle passing through and secured thereto. Figure 22
is an elevation, and part section of the elevation of the vent cock; b is the
boss of the cock, with boss screwed for the purpose of being attached to the
cock; y is a vent tube, the upper end of which is enlarged; is a screw cap,
the lower side of which is coned, having an opening through the centre; a² is
a strip of vulcanized india-rubber or other flexible material to cover the
aperture 6. Figure 23 is an under view of the screw cap, shewing the strip
of vulcanized india-rubber which covers the aperture. Figure 24 is a
sectional elevation of a fire cock, and a is the interior of cock; b, the
interior of the boss; c, the bridge for guide to the spindle, having a recess n,
on the upper side for the spring tubing; e is the metal valve; h², the screw
cap with recess for vulcanized india-rubber spring tubing screwed on to the
spindle g; k, k, the vulcanized india-rubber tube which acts as a spring to
close the valve; is the hose or connection, which carries a bridge which is
caused to press upon the spindle g, and depress the valve, thereby opening the
same; shews the swivel screw with screw on its outside; d² is the bridge
across the bose or other connection with a hollow centre; f, seating of
vulcanized india-rubber or other suitable flexible material. Figure 25 is a
sectional view of part of a street cock; c, c, is the bridge for guide to the
spindle with the recess for vulcanized india-rubber spring; 6 is the induction
boss; e, the hollow metal ball; 9, the spindle with a cup at its lower end for
lepressing the ball, and thereby opening a passage for the water; k, k, is
he vulcanized india-rubber tube for spring to withdraw the spindle, allowing
he ball to follow; n, the recess for vulcanized india-rubber tube spring. The
apper action of this cock is the same as that described at Figure 24, with the

page_text: valve and spindle. Figure-34-is-a sectional elevation of a two-way cock for
various purposes; a is the inlet chamber; b, c, are the ball chambers; d, e, the
metal balls; ff, is a projection on the upper part of the chamber c; g, g,
is a projection with a. turned seating for ball d to fit tight on h, h; i, i, are
two chambers with seatings for ball d, e, to rest on, and made tight by pressure
or fluid; k, l, are the outlet chambers with seatings and screw to secure to
inlet pipe a, and enclose the balls in the chambers b, c; m is a double arm
with lever o to lift bolts d and c alternately; n is a pin or fulcrum to the lever
and arms to work on; o is a lever to which the bolt p is attached, and which
works the double arm m, opening the balls d and c alternately; r shews the
division between the two ways. Figure 35 is a sectional elevation of a single
way cock for various purposes; a² is the inlet chamber; the ball chamber;
d the ball; g, g, the projecting circular flange or rim on upper side, with
seatings; h, h³, the projecting circular flange or rim for ball d² to rest on; kis
the outlet chambers; m² is an arm with lever for lifting ball d²; n, the pin or
fulcrum of lever o and arm m.
What I claim in the Figures 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23,
24, 25, 26, 34, and 35, are,-
First, the use of vulcanized india-rubber tubing for the stuffing boxes and
spring of cocks, both externally and internally, as herein described. I also
claim the use of vulcanized india-rubber tubing for stuffing boxes for pumps
and waterclosets.
Second, I claim the use of vulcanized india-rubber capsules or coverings for
the flange and spindle to form a valve, as shewn in Figures 16 and 17.
Third, I claim the arrangement of the cylindrical air chambers, as shewn in
Figure 19, for the prevention of concussion in pipes.
Fourth, I claim the air chamber, as shewn at Figure 20.
Fifth, I claim the construction of vent cock, as shewn at Figure 28.
Sixth, I claim the mode of attaching a hose or other connection to the cock
for the purpose of opening the valve, as described at Figure 24.
Seventh, I claim the mode of arranging the two-way cock, and working the
two arms and lever, to which the ball and ball cocks is connected, as described
in Figure 34, and the mode of working the single-way cock, as shewn at
Figure 35.
Eighth, I claim the combination of a hollow metal ball with vulcanized
rubber seating, as described in Figs. 21 & 25.
I will now describe my improvements in lubricators:-Figure 27 is a
sectional elevation; a is the interior of the lubricator; b, the cover; c, c, c, c,

page_text: the plunger, with packings of leather or other suitable material; d and e, the
plunger, is grooved between the packings d and e; f is the cylinder in which
the plunger works, having an opening at g to admit the oil, &c.; 7 is an en-
larged part of the chamber below the plunger; i is the opening through which
the oil escapes; k is a crank lever; 1, a spindle with squared ends to receive a
rod lever n, with weight o attached, and crank lever k fixed on with pin m.
What I claim is the mode of arranging the plunger and crank lever with
packing of any description as a lubricator for oiling machinery, &c. &c.
I will now describe my improvements in deck lights :-Figure 29 shews a
sectional elevation of my improvement. a is a framing for glass, having four
equal flange projections, with a recess on its upper edge for a rim of leather
or other suitable material; 6 is a glass disc; c, c, are two handles fixed to the
frame a; d, d, is a circular frame, with a screw on its exterior, and on the
interior there are four equal flange projections; e, e, is a circular plate, with a
cylindrical rim on its under side, as seen in Figure 29, e, f, with a female screw
on its interior surface to receive a circular frame d, d, having a male screw.
Figure 29, a is an under view of Figure 29. Figure 30 is an under view of
the circular plate and cylindrical rim e, f; Figure 31, an under view of a
circular frame d, d. Figure 32 is a sectional elevation of the circular frame
an under view of the frame and glass a, b.
d, d. Figure 33 is
What I claim as my improvement in deck lights is, the arrangement of
the circular frame d, d, with exterior male screw and interior female screw,
shewn at Figures 29, 30, 31 & 32, in order to keep the screw frame d, d,
always remaining in its place to allow of the placing or removal of the frame
carrying the glass by inserting the projection in Figure 33 into the corre-
sponding openings in Figure 31, and by means of the handles c, c, passing
the projecting parts of Figure 33, under projecting parts of Figure 31, and
pressing the handle pieces against the end of the projections of Figure 31,
thereby causing the frame a, carrying the glass with its rim of leather or other
material, to pass round, and with a slight turn cause all to be tight, and also
the removal of the frame a, and substituting an air grate on the same principle
as frame a, only metal holes instead of glass.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Wood Gray, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of December, One
thousand eight hundred and forty-nine.
THOMAS WOOD (L.S.) GRAY.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-fourth day of December,
in the year of our Lord 1849, the aforesaid Thomas Wood Gray came before
our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Speci-
fication aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in
form above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped accord-
ing to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Twenty-sixth day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and forty-nine.