IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF MOTIVE LOWER, AND IN THE APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH.
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Camille Auguste Tissot, of 39, Rue de l'Echiquier,
Paris, in the Empire of France, and of 4, South Street, Finsbury, London,
Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF
MOTIVE LOWER, AND IN THE APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Camille Auguste Tissot
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 28th November 1856.
I, CAMILLE AUGUSTE TISSOT, of 39, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, in the Empire
of France, and of 4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION
OF MOTIVE POWER, AND IN THE APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as
follows, that is to say :-
This Invention consists, first, in the employment of ether combined with
fatty, empyreumatic, or essential oils, to replace steam, as a motive power,
slightly alkaline water being added to assist its production.
Secondly, in the construction or arrangement of the engines to which this
source of power is applied.
The boiler is of a cylindrical or other form, and is placed on suitable supports
in an outer casing containing water heated by a furnace placed underneath.
The cylinder is provided with a number of tubes, supplied with hot water from
the boiler to further assist in generating vapour from the ether compound,

page_text: which vapour is made to enter by a feed pipe, the cylinder formed with the
ordinary ingress and egress passages.
A slide valve, actuated by an excentric on the main shaft, and working in an
ordinary chamber, regulates the action of the vapour so as to work the piston.
The head of the piston rod is fitted to a cross head, having at each extremity
a rod for actuating the feed pumps. To the cross head, which works in
suitable guides, is also fixed a connecting rod, fitted to the crank on the main
shaft, to give motion to a fly wheel. The power thus obtained is transmitted
by a pulley where required.
The vapour, after having given the necessary motion to the piston, escapes
through the exhaust port and enters a large vapour reservoir previously to pass-
ing into the condenser of the usual construction, where it becomes condensed.
The liquid thus obtained falls into one or more reservoirs, supplied with valves
and pipes to assist in working the engine. The pumps of the engine commu-
nicate with these reservoirs in order to supply the boiler or generator with the
condensed vapour. The cylinder is formed with an outer casing for containing
hot water (supplied from the boiler by a pipe) to prevent condensation of the
vapour.
The stuffing boxes are supplied with caoutchouc where necessary, and for
lubrifying the engine a mixture of talc and oil is employed.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Canille Auguste Tissot in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 28th May 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CAMILLE
AUGUSTE TISSOT, of 39, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, in the Empire of France,
and of 4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the twentieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Camille Auguste Tissot, Her special license that I, the said Camille
Augusto Tissot, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said Camille Auguste Tissot, my executors, administrators; and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great

page_text: Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF MOTIVE POWER, AND IN THE APPARATUS
CONNECTED THEREWITH," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Camille Auguste Tissot, by an instrument in writing under my hand and
seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of my said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Camille Auguste Tissot, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed,
and to the figures and letters marked thereon, that is to say :-
The Invention consists, first, in the employment of ether of any quality,
combined with fatty, empyreumatic, or essential oils, to replace steam, as a
motive power.
.
And, secondly, in the modification or arrangement of engines to which this
source of power is applied.
For the better understanding of the present description I refer to the
Drawings hereunto annexed.
The basis of that portion of my Invention concerning the production of
motive power is, that all substances forming a soapy body when combined with
ether may be employed as a motive power in substitution of steam. The pro-
portions of ether in its combination with the fatty or essential oils depends on
its degree of concentration. Fatty oils, in the proportion of one-thirtieth of
the ether employed, added to water slightly alkaline, is sufficient for producing
motive power in an engine. The soapy body formed by the combination of
the ether and fatty oil decomposes at a low temperature into vapor, which
replaces steam with great economy. Ordinary steam engines, or engines
worked by the vapor of other fluids, may receive the application as a motivo
power of the vapor produced by the combination of ether with a substance to
form a soapy compound; but in these cases the engines require certain modi-
fications or arrangements of some of their parts, according to the purpose for
which they are intended.
In the arrangements necessitated by the application of motive force thus
produced, the generator or boiler is traversed by a certain number of tubes,
the quantity and diameter of which vary according to the dimensions of the
boiler. These tubes serve to increase the beating surface, and are filled with
hot water (see Figure 2). The vapor on escaping from the cylinder passes to

page_text: a reservoir T, where it expands, and from thence to a condenser T", the form
of which may be varied according to the application. The vapor as soon as
condensed falls in a liquid state into the cisterns or reservoirs U, V, from
which the feed pumps take their supply (see Figure 1). The stuffing boxes
have an indian-rubber envelope, and also one of tow which latter is in contact
with the rubbing surfaces of the rods D. For the lubrification of the engine
I employ a composition consisting of talc one-third, ordinary lubricating oil
two-thirds. The hot water is conducted by a tube into the envelope or casing
of the cylinder, in order to heat the latter, and prevent the rapid and almost
total condensation of the motive vapor.
The following description of an engine constructed on my principle will
serve to illustrate the application.
Figure 1 is a plan of the ether engine; Figure 2, the generator or boiler;
Figure 3, a longitudinal section of the cylinder and valve chest; Figure 4,
cross section of the cylinder; Figure 5, condenser; Figure 6, receiver;
Figure 7, reservoirs. A, valve chest with egress and ingress ports, which in
engines of one to three horse power should have an area of five and a half
inches per horse power. Beyond four-horse power the ingress ports should be
mado one-third larger than those of the ordinary steam engines. A¹, escape
pipe; B, B, cylinder; C, stuffing box of the cylinder for the piston rod;
D, crank rods for working the slide valve; E, cross head fixed to the pump
rods to put in action the feed pumps; F, connecting rod; G, G', guides;
H, H', feeding pumps; I, crank of the main shaft; J, J', bearings of the
shaft; K, cam, which in this system of engine must be applied in place of the
ordinary excentric; L, pulley for the transmission of movement; M, fly
wheel; N, N', pump rods; O, foundation plate; P, crank for transmitting the
movement from the cam to the slide valve; Q, generator or boiler; R, water;
R', casing of the generator; S, grate of the furnace; S', tube for conducting
hot water into the casing of the cylinder, so as to heat the latter and obviate
the condensation of the vapor; T, sheet-iron receiver, for the expansion of the
vapor on egressing from the cylinder, and serving to form and supply a con-
tinuous jet of vapor to the refrigerator, thus avoiding a great part of the
counter-pressure; T', condenser; U, sheet-iron reservoir for containing the
condensed vapor, and from which the feed pumps take their supply; V, vessel
for receiving the excess from the reservoir U; X, X', valves serving to prevent
the air from entering the apparatus when the engine is first set to work;
V, pipe for the escape of air in the recipient before setting the engine to work;
z, water for cooling the vapour passing from the receiver T into the condenser
Ta, piston and sectors; d, d', ingress passages; b, piston rod; c, exhaust

page_text: port; e, slide valve; f, ingress orifice; g, furnace base; A¹, depth of hot water
proceeding from the boiler, and serving to heat the cylinder (seo S¹).
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same may be carried into effect, I would have it understood that
I do not confine myself to the precise details herein laid down; but what I
claim is,
First, the employment of a soapy compound formed of ether and oils
combined to form a vapor suitable for replacing steam as a motive power, as
herein-before described.
Secondly, in the arrangement or modification of ordinary steam or vapor
engines in order to receive the application of the said soapy compound to form
the motive power, as herein-before described, and referred to in the Figures of
the annexed Sheet of Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, tho said Camille Auguste Tissot, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twentieth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
A TISSOT