IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING, AND COOKING, AND LIGHTING BY GAS
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Sigismund Leoni, of 66, Saint Paul Street, New North
Road, in the County of Middlesex, Manufacturer, for the Invention of
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING, AND COOKING, AND LIGHTING
BY GAS."
"
Sealed the 3rd October 1879, and dated the 7th April 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Sigismund Leoni at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th April 1879.
SIGISMUND LEONI, of 66, Saint Paul Street, New North Road, in the County of
Middlesex, Manufacturer. IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING, AND
COOKING, AND LIGHTING BY GAS."
My Invention, with reference to apparatus for heating and cooking, relates to
roasting and baking ovens, also to chambers for disinfecting cloth and bedding,
for drying cloth, for japanning, for Turkish baths, and generally for all manu-
facturing purposes in which a quick, regular, and uniform heat up to a high
temperature is required. And my Invention consists in constructing such
apparatus in such a manner as more effectually to prevent waste of heat, and
thereby economize the use of gas in the several processes of heating and cooking
above referred to. For this purpose, the said ovens and chambers are made in the
usual manner, but are preferably composed of cast or wrought iron frames for three
sides with a front to which a door is hinged. The oven or chamber is lined with
baked fireclay tiles, porous, neither glazed nor enamelled, which are covered with
sheeting or thin tiles of "slag wool," for which purpose the slag wool is steeped or
dipped, or covered with a solution of silicate of soda or potash, or other suitable
alkali which is again covered with papier maché, cardboard, or mill board, or a thin
veneer of wood, care being taken to isolate the outside covering, which is of sheet
iron, from the iron frame which is in direct contact with the heat in the interior
chamber. Or the porous fire clay tiles may be coated with a non conductor
composition, such as is used for covering steam boilers or pipes; over the said
composition a layer of slag wool is put so as to cover the whole surface, this slag
wool is covered again with a coating of non conductor composition or a fine cement,
such as Parian.

page_text: The fire clay lining of the oven or chamber being a bad conductor of heat, the
slag wool (which is incombustible, being a non-conductor of heat, and the papier
maché or cardboard forming the intervening or isolating substance between the
iron frame and the last outside cover of sheet iron, an oven or chamber is produced
which can have a cool outside surface at the same time that the interior thereof
has been raised to a temperature of 700 degrees Fahrenheit, thereby preventing
waste of heat and effecting a saving in the consumption of gas.
The temperature inside the oven or chamber can be raised to the degree required
in a short time with a small expenditure of gas, after which the supply of gas is
reduced by merely turning off one gas tap and turning on a smaller one, and the
temperature is maintained for any length of time by means of the reduced con-
sumption of gas.
By the above construction of apparatus and mode of using it, the several
processes of heating and cooking can be easily carried on and regulated as required,
thereby preventing the liability of injuring the substances or articles under
operation, and maintaining a constant, regular, and uniform heat.
And my Invention, with reference to apparatus for lighting by gas, relates to a
mode of increasing the illuminating power of street and other lamps, and consists
in arranging two duplex burners at an acute angle in relation to each other, in
order to produce a combination of two enlarged flames from the said two duplex
burners, each of which is so constructed that the jet of one impinges on that of the
other at an acute angle. The two jets meet before the combustion takes place,
and so form one broad sheet of flame. By using the two duplex burners in the
manner stated, the size of flame and its illuminating power will be increased to a
greater extent than the proportionate increase of the consumption of gas. A cluster
of four such combination burners suitably arranged will give a greatly increased
light, and if necessary by means of separate supply pipes and gas taps the burners
can be used either separately, or with two, three, or more burners in combination.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Sigismund Leoni in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
7th October 1879.
SIGISMUND LEONI, of 66, St. Paul Street, New North Road, in the County of
Middlesex, Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING, AND
COOKING, AND LIGHTING BY GAS."
My Invention of "Improvements in Apparatus for Heating, Cooking, and
Lighting by Gas" relates, with reference to apparatus for heating and cooking, to
roasting and baking ovens, also to chambers for disinfecting cloth and bedding, for
drying cloth, for japanning, for Turkish baths, and generally for all manufacturing
purposes in which a quick, regular, and uniform heat up to a high temperature is
required.
And my Invention consists in constructing such apparatus in such a manner as
more effectually to prevent waste of heat, and thereby economize the use of gas in
the several processes of heating and cooking above referred to. For this purpose
the said ovens and chambers are made in the usual manner, but are preferably
composed of cast or wrought iron frames for three sides with a front to which a
door is hinged. The oven or chamber is lined with baked fire clay tiles, porous,
neither glazed nor enamelled, which are coated with a non-conductor composition
or cement such as is used for covering steam boilers or pipes; over the sail
composition a layer of slag wool is put so as to cover the whole surface; this slag
wool is covered again with a coating of non conductor composition or a fine cement
such as parian. The slag wool being introduced between two layers of cement or
other composition forming a bad conductor of heat, an oven or chamber is produced
which can have a cool outside surface, at the same time that the interior thereof
has been raised to a temperature of 700 degrees Fahrenheit, thereby preventing
waste of heat and effecting a saving in the consumption of gas. The temperature
inside the oven or chamber can be raised to the degree required in a short time
with a small expenditure of gas, after which the supply of gas is reduced by merely
turning off one gas tap and turning on a smaller one, and the temperature is
maintained for any length of time by means of the reduced consumption of gas.
By the above construction of apparatus and mode of using it, the several
processes of heating and cooking can be easily carried on and regulated as required,
thereby preventing the liability of injuring the substances or articles under
operation and maintaining a constant, regular, and uniform heat.
And my Invention, with reference to apparatus for lighting by gas, relates to a
mode of increasing the illuminating power of street or other lamps, and consists in
arranging two duplex burners at an acute angle in relation to each other, in order
to produce a combination of two enlarged flames from the said two duplex burners,
each of which is so constructed that the jet of one impinges on that of the other at
an acute angle. The two jets meet before the combustion takes place, and so form
one broad sheet of flame.
By using the two duplex burners in the manner stated, the size of flame and its
illuminating power will be increased to a greater extent than the proportionate
increase of consumption of gas. A cluster of four such combination burners
suitably arranged will give a greatly increased light, and if necessary by means of
separate supply pipes and gas taps, the burners can be used either separately or
with two, or three, or more burners in combination.
Having thus stated the nature of the said Invention I will proceed to
describe more particularly in what manner the same is to be performed by the aid
of the accompanying Drawings, in which are represented the mode or modes of
constructing apparatus for heating and cooking and for lighting by gas above
referred to.

page_text: DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 is a section of a portion of one of the walls or sides of an oven or chamber
shewing the arrangement of the successive layers of non conducting material
adapted to retain the heat within the interior of the oven or chamber, and prevent
its passing off by radiation. A is the interior of the oven or chamber; B is the
lining of baked fire clay, which is in immediate contact with the heat generated by
the gas; C is a layer of cement or other non conducting composition; D, a layer of
silicated slag wool; E is again a layer of cement or non-conducting composition;
F is the outside casing in iron.
On reference to Fig. 1 and the above description thereof, it will be readily
understood that the heat in the interior of the oven or chamber will be retained
therein, and effectually prevented from passing to the outer casing by the inter-
position of the several layers of non-conducting material (C, composition or cement;
D, slag wool; E, composition or cement), such retention of the heat being attended
with the practical advantages hereinbefore referred to.
Fig. 2 represents an arrangement of duplex burners adapted to produce an
increase of light for, or in proportion to, the quantity of gas consumed; G and H
are the two duplex burners fitted as shewn to the gas supply pipe I, from which it
will be seen that the jet of the one burner will be caused to impinge on that of the
other at an acute angle, thereby increasing the size of the flame and its illuminating
power in the manner hereinbefore stated. It will be obvious that such combination
burners can be variously arranged in clusters so as to produce an increased effect,
which can be regulated as required by means of separate supply pipes and gas
taps.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, I hereby declare that what I claim as of my Invention is:-
First. The mode of constructing ovens and chambers so as to prevent waste of
heat and economize the use of gas in the manner herein before described.
And, Secondly. The arrangement of duplex burners in the manner and for the
purpose described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Sigismund Leoni, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, the Third, day of October, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy nine.
Witness,
HENRY JOHN OXMAN,
97, Rotherfield St., Islington, N.,
Clerk.
S. LEONI. (L.S.)