Improvements in Churns for the Manufacture of Butter.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 4th Jan., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 3rd Oct., 1894-Accepted, 10th Nov., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Churns for the Manufacture of Butter.
WILLIAM VINCENT Arborfield Cross Reading Berks Engineer do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The object of this invention is to provide an easier and more rapid and effectual
manner in the churning of butter.
For this purpose I make a box churn of wood or metal constructed as now
specified with 4 flat or curved sides smaller at the top and with the bottom slightly
higher at one side than the other to cause the cream to fall at the lowest point to
come in contact with a disc or discs hereinafter described.
The top of churn I leave open or partly closed which preferred inside of churn
I place a rotary disc or discs the side or sides and edges of same disc or discs to be
angular corrugated or curved or plain and made of wood or metal the disc or discs
to be placed at an angle with its lowest edge to come in contact with the cream at
the lowest point of bottom and side and in the centre of disc or discs I put a metal
spindle that passes through centre of disc or discs to and in the centre of bottom of
churn from that point at an angle to the top of one side of churn at end of same
spindle I fix a cog wheel and attach to same another cog wheel and a handle fixed
to same wheel and by the movement of the handle the disc or discs can be driven
to a high rate of speed and the cream is picked up by the rotary disc or discs which
is set at an angle several degrees higher on one side than the other out of an
horizontal and by its rapid action the cream is formed into butter in a quick time
and more butter obtained from a given quantity of cream at the lowest point on
bottom of churn or at the side of churn I cut a hole through same to allow the
butter milk and water to drain away after churning washing and brining in the
same hole I fix a portable plug and make it secure while churning.
Dated this 4th day of January 1894.
WILLIAM VINCENT,
Arborfield Cross, Reading, Berks, Engineer.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Churns for the Manufacture of Butter.
I, WILLIAM VINCENT, of Arborfield Cross, Reading, in the County of
Berkshire, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to churns, and provides an improved churning-box which
has no holes or openings in the sides thereof except the usual outlet provided to
allow of conveniently discharging the buttermilk after churning, and the water
after washing and brining. This outlet is closed by a plug during the operation of
churning. That part of the churn which agitates the cream and which may be
termed the agitator is carried by an inclined spindle that extends through the open
top of the churning-box. The said spindle is driven by suitable gearing mounted
on the side of the box. The bottom of the churning-box is inclined downwards
from the back to the front and may be straight or curved. It is furnished
with a bearing to support the lower end of the aforesaid spindle. The box is
smaller at the top than at the bottom and is furnished with a lid or cover that does
Pin1

page_text: not nowever entirely close the top but leaves an opening that allows of the free
escap of the gases emitted by the cream during the churning operation.
In the accompanying drawings I have shown how my invention may be
conveniently and advantageously carried into practice.
Figure 1 is a perspective view of a churn made according to my invertion, one
corner of the churning-box being broken away to show the interior.
Figure 2 is a similar view showing a round churn the driving mechanism being
removed.
Figure 3 is an inside view of the driving mechanism detached, and drawn to a
slightly enlarged scale.
Like letters denote corresponding parts in all the figures.
It may
A is the churning-box which may be square, oblong, round, oval or of other
shape in horizontal transverse section. When I use a square box I preferably
insert a filling piece a at each corner in order to obtain a more or less approximately
circular interior. The floor or bottom B of the box is inclined as shown.
be curved or straight. C is a spindle which carries feathers or arms D that
agitate the cream. There may be one two or more series of such arms which may
or may not be connected together at their extremities. The drawings show two
series connected by short rods d. The arms may be plain or smooth or they may
be corrugated. They are preferably made with sharp edges and slightly taper
from the centre to their outer extremities. The spindle is supported at its
lower end in a bearing formed of metal, horu, hard wood or other suitable material
secured to or in the bottom or floor B. The upper end of the spindle reclines in a
bearing carried by a bracket F secured to the front of the box. The spindle and
the feathers or arms are inclined as shown, the latter preferably at the same angle
as the floor of the box. The bracket F supports a toothed bevel wheel G which
gears with a small bevel pinion H Figure on the spindle. The bracket forms a
cover for the upper half of said wheel. J is a handle for turning the wheel G.
The said handle is movable in a socket piece J' formed on the spindle of the
wheel G, and can be secured therein in any desired position by a thumb-screw J³, so
that the effective length of the handle can be varied as may be necessary or
desirable. M is a cap hinged to the upper part of the bracket F. M' Figure 3 is
a recess in the said cap to receive the upper end of the spindle and form the
bearing therefor. M2 is a turn-button which serves to lock the cap to the bracket.
When it is required to remove the spindle C, the button M2 is turned to unlock the
cap M and the latter is then raised whereupon the spindle can be slid forward ont
of the slot F, Figure 3, in the bracket F and removed.
out.
The box is furnished with a lid or cover that may be hinged to the back thereof
as shown in Figure 1. This lid prevents the contents of the churn from splashing
It does not however entirely close the box but leaves an opening by which
the gases generated during the churning operation can freely escape. By this
means much sweeter butter is produced than can be made from the same cream in
a closed churn. The lid is raised when it is required to insert the cream or to
replace or remove the agitator.
In lieu of a hinged lid I sometimes provide a lid, such as that shown in Figure 2,
which is furnished with two projecting hinge-pins K', K' adapted to fit in
notches K2, K2 formed in the upper edge or rim of the box. The said pins K' are
not diametrically opposite to each other so that the lid is not balanced but is
heavier at the front than at the back, the forward part therefore tends to fall.
It is however arrested by a ledge L secured to the top of the box at the rear
thereof under which ledge the rear edge of the lid passes when it is in position on
the box. Fixed on the top of the lid is a rib K³ to serve as a handle by which the
lid can be readily replaced and removed when desired. The said rib is formed
with undercut sides to afford a better hold.
While churning, the lid can be raised and leaned backwards against the ledge L
and the cream allowed to drain therefrom back into the box. E is the peg for
closing the outlet.

page_text: The box shown in Figure 1 has an inwardly curved back which assists in
preventing the cream from splashing over.
My improved churn is very effective in forming butter in a short space of time
and in ensuring a large yield of butter. It is adapted for churning large or small
quantities, as the cream will be effectively agitated even when there is a much
smaller quantity thereof than the churn is intended for.
When I desire to make what is known as a "factory churn" I provide a long
box with a series of spindles each furnished with arms. The spindles may be
geared to a common driving shaft worked by a horse or by steam power.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, 1 declare that what I
claim is :-
:-
1. A churn comprising a stationary box, an agitator carried by a rotating spindle
that passes out in an inclined direction through the open top of the box, (so that
the box does not require any hole in the sides save the outlet hole), and gearing
mounted on the side of the box for driving said spindle, for the purpose, specified.
2. In such a churn the sloping bottom in combination with an inclined agitator
substantially as, and for the purpose, specified.
3. A churn constructed substantially as described with reference to either of
Figures 1 and 2 for the purposes specified.
Dated this 2nd day of October 1891
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.