Improvements in and relating to Pneumatic Ordnance.
Year: 1890

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Pneumatic Ordnance.
1, PETER JENSEN, of 77, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Fel. Inst.
P.A., do hereby declare the nature of this invention (a communication to me from
abroad by the Pneumatic Dynamite Gun Company of 71 Broadway, in the City,
County and State of New York, United States of America) and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
This invention relates to the practice of projecting shells containing a highly
sensitive explosive, by means of compressed elastic gaseous fluid, such as air, which
is first stored in a suitable reservoir, and subsequently admitted to the gun barrel to
perform the act of firing without such shock to the projectile as would incur liability
to a premature explosion of its contents.
This invention comprises various co-operative devices pertaining to a pneumatic
gun, hereinafter fully specified, having for their object to facilitate the handling of
the gun, to balance the air pressure conducted from the trunnions to the breech of
the gun; to predetermine the ranges of the projectiles by the amount of impelling
fluid delivered to the gun barrel; to perform the fluid delivery automatically; to
increase the motive power of a given pressure of fluid; to throttle the initial
admission of the firing fluid after the firing valve has opened and reduce the initial
impelling shock upon the projectile; and also to facilitate the operation of loading.
To these ends this invention consists, first, of means for imparting the training or
elevating movements to the gun barrel and adjusting the same; second, the location=
of the-air-supply-pipes through the trunnions and thence in a direct line to the breech
on opposite sides of the gun; third, devices for locking the projectile in the breech
of the gun and subsequently admitting air thereto and releasing the projectile; fourth,
improved forms of firing valves; fifth, means for actuating the firing valves
whereby the amount of fluid delivered and the range of the projectile (at a given angle
of elevation of the gun barrel) is predetermined irrespective of the personal equation
of the gunner; that is to say, his control during the act of firing; sixth, a throttle
valve intercepting the passage from the reservoir to the firing valve to apply the
initial impelling force of the firing fluid to the projectile in moderate degree at first,
having subsequent gradual increase as the projectile proceeds; seventh, a pressure
operated breech loading mechanism for the projectile eighth, arrangements for
accelerating the flight of the projectile by commingling a quantity of combustible gas
with the air in the gun and igniting the same after the projectile is under way; and
ninth, for accelerating the flight of the projectile by combustion of a powder charge in
the compressed air within the bore whereby increased expansion is obtained both by
heat and additional volume of
gas.
Referring to the accompanying drawings forming a part of this specification, and
in which similar numerals of reference indicate corresponding parts throughout.
Figure 1, is a side elevation of a gun embodying a form of this invention;
Figure 2, a plan view of Figure 1 ;
Figure 3, an enlarged cross-section of Figure 1, on the line, g-g;
Figure 4, an enlarged detail view of the exterior of the firing valve case and
breech of the gun ;

page_text: .
Figure 6, a cross-section of Figure ɔ, on the line,
Figure 7, a rear end elevation of Figure 4;
Figure 8, a view partly in section on the line, k-k, Figure 7; and
Figures 9 and 10, are detail views of the cock, 164, in different positions :
Figure 11, is an enlarged side elevation of the encasement of a plunger firing
valve adapted to the herein described gun, and a pressure operated auxiliary valve
for controlling the movements of the firing valve:
Figure 12 an inverted plan view (in part) of. Figure 11:
Figure 13, a central section on the line, d-d, Figure 12;,
Figure 14, a section taken on the line, e, in Figures 12 and 15;
Figure 15, a transverse section of Figures 11 and 16, taken on the line,.;
Figure 16. a vertical section taken on the line, g-g, indicated in Figure 15:
Figure 17, a partial section in the radial plane, -, Figure 12, and
Figure 18, a diagrammatic view of the firing valve and its controlling mechanism
illustrated by Figures 11 to 16, inclusive, showing the various ports assembled into
an approximately common plane of section for convenience of illustration of their
relative functions;
Figure 19, is an enlarged detailed sectional elevation of an annular plunger firing
valve, and a modification of the auxiliary valve;
Figure 20, an inverted plan view (partly in section) of Figure 19;
Figure 21, an exterior elevation of the auxiliary valve controlling mechanism
viewed from the same direction as Figure 19:
Figure 22, an elevation of the controlling mechanism (partly in section on the
line, mm, Figures 19 and 21) viewed in the direction of the arrow, a, Figure 21,
and
Figure 23, an elevation of the controlling mechanism partly in section on the
line, n-n, Figure 20, viewed from the reverse side from that of Figures 19 and 21:
Figure 24, is an enlarged detail view of a modification of the firing valve taken in
central section longitudinally to a gun barrel, 40, this form being designated as the
louble motion valve;
Figure 25, a vertical transverse section of Figure 24, on the line, a-a, looking
rearward;
Figure 26, a horizontal section of Figure 24, on the line, b-b;
Figure 27, a horizontal section of Figure 24, on the line, c-c, and
Figure 28, a sectional detail view of a modification of Figure 25 ;
Figure 29, is a sectional view of a modified double motion firing valve and operating
mechanism therefor, and
Figure 30, a plan view of Figure 29:
Figure 31, is a side elevation including the breech part of a pneumatic gun
barrel, a firing valve casing (such as the form shown in Figures 19 to 23, inclusive)
connected thereto, and a part of a firing fluid storage reservoir, and showing a
throttle valve in section in connection therewith located in the connecting pipe,
which is adapted to perform the throttling function, and
Figure 32, is a similar view comprising additional appliances to perform an
automatically variable throttling function;
Figuro 33, is a plan view of the breech part of the pneumatic gun barrel modified
and showing the automatic breech loading mechanism;
and
Figure 34, a side iew partly in section on the line, k-k, (Figure 35) of the same,
Figure 3, a cross-section on the line, 1-1;
Figure 36, is a side elevation of a further modified form of the gun barrel and the
storage reservoirs connected therewith;
Figure 37, an enlarged cross-section thereof on the line, o-o;
Figure 38, an enlarged longitudinal sectional view of a part of Figure 36;
Figure 39, a detail view pertaining to Figure 38;
Figure 40, is a sectional side view, and
Figure 41, a sectional plan view of the gun barrel showing the application thereto

page_text: of the accelerating powder-chamber and means for exploding the contents of the same
at the proper moment.
It is proposed to first proceed to describe the general features of the gun as
illustrated in Figures 1 and 2, and thereafter describe in detail the various features
and modifications of this invention, together with their operation, in successive order,
and subsequently point out the novel characteristics of said invention in the claims
appended herewith.
Figures 1 and 2, embody an assemblage of various essential parts of a pneumatic
gun showing the general structure to which the details or their modifications sub-
sequently illustrated, are applicable, and may be connected to co-operate in the
performance of their various functions.
Referring to Figures 1. to 10, inclusive: 40, designates the gun barrel which is
of great length as compared to its diameter. It may consist of a straight tube of any
suitable metal. of uniform diameter throughout.
The gun tube. 40, is secured by clamps or bands, 2, at intervals in its length, to a
long stock or stiffening brace, 3, which is best shown in Figure 1, and in transverse
section in Figure 3. In order to secure the requisite strength and stiffness, and at
the same time make the stock, 3, light in weight, it may be advantageously composed
of a flat web or plate, t, decreasing in depth towards opposite ends, and having
double angle-iron, 5, at the upper and lower edges. The greatest depth of the stock
is at the trunnions, and at that point filling pieces or blocks, 6, 6, are applied to
opposite sides of the stock, as shown in Figure 3.
To these blocks or filling pieces, 6, 6, are secured the trunnion castings, 7, one of
which is shown in section in Figure 3. Each of these castings, 7, consists of a broad
flange, 8, which bears against the adjacent block, 6; a hollow trunnion, 9, on which
is a collar, 10. forming a shoulder, ribs or webs, 11, connecting the trunnion, 9, and
flange, 8, and a flanged nozzle, 12, from which a pipe or air-tube, 107, extends
towards the breech of the gun. One or both of the air-pipes or tubes 107, may be
employed.
The trunnion castings, 7, are secured by bolts, 13, to the stock, 3, as shown in
Figure 3.
11, designates a strong base-piece or standard which consists of a hollow column
having a broad base flange, 15, supported on masonry, 18, and strengthened by
vertical ribs, 17.
To the lower end of the hollow column, 14, is attached-in-an-air-tight manner the
supply-pipe, 20 for air or gas. This pipe, 20, may extend from a compressor or
reservoir located in a bomb-proof structure or elsewhere, or from any other suitable
source of air or gas under pressure.
The upper portion of the column, 14, is bored out and surmounted by flange, 21,
and therein is fitted a pipe. 22, having a fixed collar or flange, 23. The collar is
held within a gland ring, 24, secured by bolts to the flange, 21. A packing ring, 25,
is placed below the collar, 23, and between the pipe, 22, and the hollow column, 14,
is fitted an angular packing, 26.
By these means a joint is formed which will be air-tight, and which will still
permit the pipe, 22, to swivel within the column, 14.
Above the column, 14, the pipe, 22, is forked or bifurcated, forming the branches, 27,
which terminate at their upper ends in sockets or trunnion bearings, 28, which are
in line with each other and are bored out to receive the trunnion, 9. formed upon
the trunnion castings. 7.
The trunnion-bearings, 28, are flanged at both ends and at their inner ends are
fitted angular packing rings 29, which are secured in place by gland rings. 30,
bolted to the flange of the trunnion bearings. Against the gland rings, 30, bear
the shoulders, 10, of the trunnions, 9. The flanged outer ends of the trunnion-
bearings, 28, are closed by plates, 31, through which are inserted strong bolts, 32,
screwed into the inner ends of the trunnion castings, 7. These bolts, 32, are covered
by caps or bonnets, 33, to prevent leakage.
From the bifurcated pipe, 22, 27, air passes through trunnion-bearings and

page_text: trunnions and passes out of the flanged nozzle, 12, of the trunnion-castings, 7, and
thence rearwards through the pipes, 107. The great outward pressure on the closed
outer ends of the trunnion-bearings, 28, would be apt to cause them to spread and
produce leakage of air between the trunnions and their bearings, but the strong
bolts, 32, which tie the trunnion-bearings axially to the trunnion-castings, 7, amply
resist such tendency to spread and thus prevent leakage of air.
It will now be clearly understood that by the turning or swivelling of the pipe, 22,
in the column, 14, the gun tube, 40, may be made to sweep the horizon and directed
towards any point of the compass, and by swinging the gun tube and stock upon
the trunnions, 9, the gun may be set at the desired inclination.
Upon the ribs, 17, of the base column, 14, lugs or bearing points, 34, are formed
upon which is secured by screws, 39, in a truly horizontal plane, a ring, 42, rebated
on the underside, and upon this ring, 42, is supported a rotary base ring or annular
carriage, 43. The rotary ring, 43, is securely held to prevent its rising from the
ring, 42, by means of inside and outside annular gibs or removable flanges, 44, 45,
and the latter is so formed on the underside as to constitute an annular rack or gear.
The gibs or removable flanges, 44, 45, are secured to the rotary ring or carriage, 43,
by screws, 46, and said ring or carriage may be turned by means of a pinion, 47,
fixed on a shaft, 48, on which is likewise fixed hand-wheel, 49, for turning it.
52, 51, are elevating screws which form connection between the gun-stock, 3, and
the rotary ring or carriage in front and rear of the column, 14, as shown in
Figure 1.
These screws are made in two parts or sections, one of which, 2, (or 51) is pivoted
to a fork, 53, secured in the ring or carriage, 43, and the other of which, 54, is pivoted
at, 55, to the stock, 3. The two parts or sections, 52, (or 51) 54. are provided
respectively, with left and right screw-threads, and to such threads is fitted a long
sleeve-nut, 56, which may be turned by a hand-wheel, 57. As the nut, 56, is turned
to the right or left the inclination of the gun is increased or diminished to the
desired degree.
As the whole system of braces turns with the gun and swivelled pipe, 22, and
rotary ring or carriage, 43, the inclination of the gun tube is preserved towards
whatever point of the compass it is turned and the advantages of this are obvious.
The breech construction of the gun is illustrated in a manner whereby the shot is
locked in the gun. Means are also illustrated whereby the air at full pressure is
admitted behind the shot while it is still locked, and whereby the supply of air to
the gun is shut off at or before the time the shot leaves the gun. These features of
this invention are shown in Figures 4 to 10, inclusive.
The gun tube, 40, is screwed or otherwise securely fitted at the breech in a breech
section, 60, having the principal portion of its interior bored to the same diameter
as the tube, 40, but made flaring at the end portion to facilitate the introduction of
the shot, 61. After the shot is introduced the breech is tightly closed by screw-
plug, 62, under which is placed a packing, 63, or by any other suitable means
whereby an air or gas tight joint may be formed.
The shot, 61, may be of any suitable construction and charged with a high explosive,
such as dynamite.
At the rear end of the shot is a packing, 63, and forward thereof are notches or
recesses, 64, the purpose of which will be presently explained.
The breech section, 60, has a cylindrical extension for a distance from its front
end, and in rear thereof is a flange, 65. Upon the exterior of the breech section, 60,
is fitted a sleeve, 66, the internal shape of which is like and closely fitted to the
external shape of the breech section, and which is held between the flange, 65, and
a collar, 67, screwed upon the front end of the breech section. In the breech-
section, 60, just in front of the flange, 65, are radial slots, 68, diametrically opposite
each other, and in these slots are locking dogs or latches, 69, pivoted at, 70, and
having noses, 71, which bear on the exterior of the breech section at, 72, as shown
most clearly in Figure 5.
In the interior of the sleeve, 66, are recesses, 73, which increase in depth from

page_text: their forward ends rearwards, and the width of which is just double the thickness
of the dogs or latches, 69. At the rear and deepest portions of the recesses, 73, are
blocks of steel, 74, secured by screws or pins and which are half the width of the
said recesses, as shown in Figure 6. The latches or dogs, 69, are of thickness to
fit the width of the slots, 68, snugly, and are of such size and form that when held
inwards, as shown in Figure 5, their backs or outer edges are flush with the exterior
of the breech-section, while, when said latches or dogs are out and bear against the
backs or bottoms of the recesses, 73, their inner edges will be flush with the bore of
the breech-section, 60, and will thus close the slots, 68, to prevent the escape of air.
In the sleeve, 66. are plugs or sockets, 75, in which are plungers or push-pieces, 76,
actuated by springs, 77, and these bear upon the backs of the latches and hold them
inwards with a yielding pressure in engagement with the notches or recesses, 64, in
the shot, 61.
When the pressure is behind the shot, the lines of strain upon the latches or
dogs, 69, are very near their pivots, but the rear or engaging ends of the latches or
dogs are so rounded that a sufficient pressure on the shot will throw them outwards.
The spring-actuated push-pieces, 76, add to the resistance offered by the latches to the
movement of the shot. When the gun is to be fired, the breech-section, 60, behind
the shot is filled with air of the maximum pressure by means which will be presently
described, and by turning the sleeve. 66, sufficiently to move the blocks or abut-
ments, 74, from behind the latches, 69. and to bring the unobstructed portions of the
recesses, 73, opposite said latches; the shot is acted upon with sufficient force to
throw back the latches and free itself from them.
The packing. 63, heing behind the notches or recesses, 64, in the shot, prevents the
escape of any air through the latch-slots, 68, and as the latches when thrown out into
the recesses, 73, of the sleeve, 66, complete by their inner edges the cylindric bore of
the gun, and tightly close the slots, 68, they obviate any liability of the packing, 63,
being torn or damaged, and prevent the escape of air through the slots after the shot
has passed them.
The sleeve, 66, may be turned by a hand-lever, 78, provided with a spring-actuated.
catch or holt, 79, which engages notches on the breech-section and so holds the sleeve
in either of its two positions. This bolt is disengaged to free the lever by the very
act of grasping the handle thereof.
36, designates the firing valve-case and actuating chamber or cylinder which are-in-
line and below the breech-section, 60, and in which the admission of air to the gun is.
controlled. In the valve-box is a seat, 151, which is controlled by a valve, 104,
Direct communication between the
opening inwardly relatively to the valve-box, 36.
valve-box, 36, and cylinder part, 153, thereof is cut off by a carefully packed
piston, 154, held on the valve-stem, 155, by nuts, 156, 157.
The area of the piston, 154, on which air in the box, 35, acts, is slightly greater
than the area of the valve, 104, and hence, when there is no pressure behind the
piston it will be moved by the preponderating pressure on the side next the valve and
so open the latter.
The pipes or air-tubes, 107, which extend rearwards from the flanged nozzle, 12, of
the trunnion castings, 7, are connected with opposite sides of the valve-box, 36, and
hence the pressure on said box is always equal to the maximum pressure maintained
by the compressor.
Communication between the valve-box, 36. and breech-section, 60, is afforded by
the passage, 158, and hence when the valve, 104, is open, air passes freely from the
valve-box, 36, to the gun behind the shot.
The rear end of the cylinder, 153, is closed by a strong head, 159, having a tubular
inward projection or small cylinder, 160, containing on the inside a buffer, 161, of
horse-hide, or other material, and surrounded externally by two springs, 162, 163.
A single spring might suffice."
Communication between the valve-box, 36, and the cylinder, 153, behind the piston
is established through a pipe or conduit, 172, under control of a plug-valve, 164, of
which, 165, is the plug. This plug, 165, has its stem, 166, extended and provided.

page_text: with a small pinion, 167, which gears with a segment, 168, on the sleeve 66, and the
turning, movement of said sleeve is sufficient to turn the plug, 165, a quarter of
a turn.
The construction of the valve and plug with its two positions, is shown in
Figures 9, 10. The shell, 164, in addition to the direct way through it has a side
opening, 169, and a plug, 165, has a direct passage, 170, and a passage, 171, leading
therefrom at right angles. When the plug. 165, is turned to the position shown in
Figure 10, the egress from the valve-box, 56, through the pipe, 172, is cut off and the
cylinder, 153, behind the piston, 154, is placed by the pipe, 172, and plug
passages, 170, 171, in direct communication with the atmosphere. This position of
the valve corresponds to that shown in Figures 4, 5, 6 and S, of the drawings.
When the plug. 165, is turned to the position shown in Figure 9, direct com-
munication is established through the pipe, 172, and direct plug passage, 170,
between valve-box. 36, and the cylinder, 153, the side opening, 169, being closed
by the plug.
The operation of these parts is as follows:-
:―
After the shot, 61, is introduced and when the sleeve, 66, is turned to lock the
latches or dogs, 69, the plug, 165, is also turned to the position shown in Figure 10,
thereby allowing the pressure to escape from behind the piston, 154, through the
cock-opening, 171, to the atmosphere. This being done the unbalanced pressure on
the right of the piston throws it over against the buffer, 161, and opens the valve, 104
wide, thus admitting the full pressure of air behind the shot while it is, locked
fast and the parts remain in this position as shown in Figure 8, until the gun
is fired.
When the shot is to be fired the sleeve, 66, is turned back, thereby releasing the
latches or dogs, 69, and allowing the shot to start under full pressure and at the same
time the plug, 165, is turned to the position shown in Figure 9, thereby admitting air
from the valve-box, 36, to the cylinder, 153, behind the piston, 154. The prepon-
derance of pressure on the right of the piston being now overcome the valve, 104,
closes under the force of the springs, 162, 163, and shuts off air from the gun in all
cases before the shot leaves the muzzle. The maximum effect is obtained when air
is admitted until just as the shot leaves the puzzle, but in order to economize air, the
valve may be made to close before the shot leaves the gun. This may be done by
regulating a cramping plug or screw-valve, 175, in the pipe, 172, as shown in
Figure 8. When this plug or valve is turned back to leave the pipe full open, the
entrance of air to the cylinder, 153, will be very rapid, and the valve, 104, be closed
an instant after the shot is unlocked, and the shot will be propelled by the expansion
of air in the gun. If, on the contrary the valve or plug, 175, is adjusted to almost
close the pipe, 172, the admission of air to the cylinder, 153, from the valve-box, 36,
will be slower and the air will be under maximum pressure in the gun until the
shot has traversed almost the whole length of the gun.
Referring to Figures 11 to 18, inclusive: This modification of firing-valve relates
to delivering the pre-determined charges of firing-fluid from the reservoir to the
gun-barrel by means of two distinct movements of the valve, without the use of
shot locking devices.
The novel feature pertaining to this valve embodies principally a construction of
the automatic controlling mechanism, herein termed the auxiliary valve," for
operating the firing valve by exhausting or recharging the pressure which retains
it in its closed position, thereby controlling the time of opening and the act of
firing.
This illustration of this invention also comprises an auxiliary cushioning piston
adapted to, and forming a part of the firing-valve, whereby its stroke in either
direction is relieved from concussion.
The firing-valve, (104, Figures 13 and 18,) has differential diameters at, 105,
and, 106, of its plunger part, fitting corresponding cylinder bores, and controlling
communication between the induction-pipe, 107, from the impelling fluid reservoir,
and the eduction or gun barrel.connecting pipe, 108. The intermediate space, 109,

page_text: between the said differential valve diameters is permanently free from pressure, and
the firing fluid pressure on the predominating valve area in the independent
chamber, 128, holds the valve normally closed as against the firing-fluid pressure on
the margins, 222, in the inlet, 107, but permits its opening automatically upon
exhaustion of said independent chamber pressure.
110, is the valve cushioning piston located in and fitting an independent cylinder
as shown; the casing whereof consists of the body, 111, and substantially pressure-
tight diaphragm, 112. The former of which is screwed into the firing-valve casing
by means of the nut, 121. The cylinder body, 111. is provided with a run-around
port, 113, connecting from end to end of said cylinder, and adapted by means of a
cramping plug, 114, to offer a determinable resistance to the air cushion transfer
between the said respective cylinder ends. The mid-portion of said cylinder is
provided with an enlargement, 115, whereby the piston, 110, is relieved of resistance
during the intermediate transit of its stroke in either direction.
116, 116, 116, are layers of suitable cushioning material, interposed at the surfaces
where the valve abuts at either stroke termination, to lessen the shock of impact; the
said cushioning material at the seating portion of the valve serving also as pressure
tight packing.
The firing valve is made hollow, and through orifices, 117, and a central hole, 118,
the piston, 110, is permanently supplied with pressure upon both sides from reservoir
pipe, 107.
119, is a screw-threaded driver used for forcing the firing valve to its seat, when
necessary preparatory to admitting pressure for gun action. The driver, 119, having
a head, 120, within, is adapted to be pressure-tight, against the packing, 116, when
retracted.
Referring now to Figures 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18: 122, and, 123, are the larger and
smaller pistons respectively, of a differential double piston auxiliary valve, controlling
the firing-valve actuating port, 124, (see also Figure 13) and actuated by pressure
received through ports, 125, and, 126, for said controlling purpose; the port, 127,
being incidentally controlled also for eduction at each stroke of any pressure that
may accumulate in chamber, 109, by leakage from chambers, 107, or, 128.
The cup-shaped smaller piston, 123, seats on suitable pressure-tight packing, 129,
around the exhaust nipple, 130, when the controlling valve is in the position of
Figures 14 and 16, at the same time permitting communication between the port, 125,
and port, 124, to admit retaining pressure from chamber, 107, to the actuating pressure
chamber 128, back of the firing valve. At the opposite position illustrated by Figure 18,
the piston, 123, severs the said communication of port, 125. and port, 124, and exhausts
the latter and actuating chamber 128, through nipple, 130, however permitting
pressure from port, 125, to continue between the valve pistons, 122, 123, retaining
them at said position by reason of their differential diameters, until overcome by
pressure in chamber, 181, from chamber, 107, through port, 126, after the firing
valve, 104, has opened and uncovered the latter as shown.
It will be observed that by its construction the exhaust-valve, 123, seats tight on
the packing, 129, in its normal position, but continues substantially tight at its piston
part relative to the port, 124, during the early portion of its stroke, whereby should the
application of opening pressure start it out slightly from its seat prior to release by
the firing mechanism, the gun will not be prematurely fired.
The port, 126, is provided with a cramping plug or valve, 132, shown in Figure 17,
screw-threaded in place, accessible through plug, 133, and thereby adjustable to retard
the flow through port, 126, more or less, as required to time the closing of the firing-
valve.
The
The relief port, 134, Figure 15, is controlled by a means not shown in said Figure,
but shown by Figures 11, 12, 14, 15 and 16; of which 135, is the hand-opened, but
automatically closing relief valve, whereby the act of firing is produced.
valve, 135, opens the relief port, 134, to the atmosphere and relieves pressure in
chamber, 131, and port, 126, when turned with its opening, 136, coincident with said
port, 134. The relief valve, 135, consists of a circular revolving disc seated at its

page_text: inner flat surface, 137, and is capable of complete revolution, the greater part whereof
is produced by means of the external hand-crank, 138, (Figures 11 and 12,) and the
remainder by the engagement of its tappet, 132, with the margin of the controlling
valve piston, 122. To this purpose, the said valve, 135, is provided with a concentric
recess, 140, in which the toe, 141, of the hand crank shaft, 142, engages to turn the
same in the direction of the arrow, up to the opening point shown (Figures 14 and 15,)
of the passage, 136, at which the tappet, 139, is in position to be further driven auto-
matically by piston, 122, upon movement of the latter, carrying the valve, 135, to its
closed position.
The crank, 138, is provided with a spring-pawl, 143, engaging with a ratchet on the
stationary disc, 144, for the purpose of insuring the proper direction of rotation of the
said crank. The bushing, 145, bearing the disc, 144, is screwed in place in the valve
easing and retains the collar, 146, of the shaft, 142, pressure tight against the
packing, 147.
The crank, 188, is locked at the firing position by engagement of the grip latch, 148.
The various port plugs shown in several of the Figures are employed for convenience
of construction and therefore do not require specific explanation here; the same
however, designate the actual location of the various ports to which they belong and
are identified herein by corresponding numerals accompanied with an asterisk.
The operation of the controlling mechanism is as follows:
The reservoir pipe, 107, being charged with pressure the valve, 104, is seated; the
controlling valve, 123, 122, being also seated (Figures 14 and 16,) to permit
admission of retaining pressure to chaunber, 128. The relief valve, 135, being advanced
to its closed position the gun is ready for action.
The act of firing is effected by the complete rotation of crank, 138, from the position
shown to a repetition of said position with the relief valve opening, 136, coincident
with relief-port, 134, and wherein the consequent automatic opening and closing
movements of the controlling valve, 123, 122, and responsive movements of the
firing-valve, 104, are caused to occur in the following order: First, the exhaustion of
chamber, 131, (the port, 126, being cut off by the firing-valve itself) and consequent
opening stroke of the controlling-valve, 123, 122, and the simultaneous exhaustion of
chamber, 128, through nipple, 130, and cessation of relief-valve discharge through
port, 134, by the tappet movement, thus effecting a wide open motion of the firing-
valve second the wide open dwell of the latter, delivering the impelling fluid while
simultaneously recharging chamber, 131, at a predetermined rate through cramping
valve, 132, in port, 126; and third, the return of controlling-valve, 123, 122, to its
first position, recharging the actuating pressure-chamber, 128, through ports, 125, and
124, and the return thereby of the firing-valve to its seat. The exhaust movement.
of the controlling-valve, 123, is therefore performed by the relief of retaining pressure
from the exterior side of its actuating piston, 122, and its period of exhaust
determined by the rate of recharging said pressure through a regulated port, 126.
;
By this operation are obtained three separate movements first, an instantaneous
wide-open motion of the firing valve; second, a variable dwell in this position, and
third, an instant closure, the duration of said variable dwell being determined auto-
matically, eliminating the personal equation of the gunner.
Referring to Figures 19 to 23, inclusive: The illustration relates to a modified
form of device adapted for retaining the firing-valve-controlling mechanism in an
inactive position after a pressure is applied for actuating it; the latch being employed,
which is subsequently tripped to cause the act of firing.
As a most appropriate form of firing-valve for the purpose of present illustration,
is shown herewith the hollow plunger valve, 104, Figure 19, which is an annular
valve (having openings at 223), presenting a given area at, 224, to the firing-fluid,
when open, a moderate area at, 222, when closed, and a predominating pressure
area at, 128, to the same fluid pressure in the separate actuating chamber. This
valve is functionally equivalent to the valve shown in the preceding Figures, 225, is
a stationary core forming an inter-prolongation of the head, 216, of the valve casing,
and giving a pressure-tight bearing surface to the interior of the valve, 104; the

page_text: latter sliding pressure-tight also at its exterior contact surfaces, as shown. The
stationary core, 225, is provided with a buffer cushion, 116, secured thereto by
the circumferential screw-ring, 226, and central bolt and washer, 227, and adapted
to receive the force of concussion incident to the quick opening of the valve, 104,
by abutment of its crown part, 228. 107, connects to the storage reservoir; and, 108,
to the gun-barrel, as in the instances herein before described.
In the automatic firing-valve operating mechanism herein, is employed the piston
exhaust valve, 123, having a cup-shaped seating end fitting the seat, 129, around the
exhaust nipple, 130, controlling the discharge of actuating chamber pressure through
the port, 220, into said nipple 130, and also sliding pressure-tight in the cylindrical
chamber, 230, so as to control communication between its permanently charged side
therein from the induction pipe, 125, (which latter is connected to the firing pressure
reservoir) and the port, 220, of the actuating chamber, 128.
The stem, 231, of the exhaust valve extends pressure tight through the fixed
bushing or diaphragm, 232, held in place between the sections, 233, 234, of the valve
casing, and upon the end of said stem is secured the operating piston, 235, sliding
pressure-tight in the cylindrical chamber, 236. The piston, 235, is of a greater
diameter than the piston-valve, 123, and the chamber, 236, communicates through
port, 237, (Figures 22 and 23,) to the cut-off valve, 238, (Figures 20 and 23,) con-
trolling the communication of said port, 237, alternately with firing pressure through
pipe, 238, (the latter connected to reservoir) and to exhaust to the atmosphere
through port, 239. The port, 239, is preferably made adjustable in its capacity for
permitting escape as by means of a suitable port cramping screw-plug, or an adjustable
escape valve, (not shown) such as will throttle its rate of exhaust of chamber, 236, to
permit the closure of the exhaust valve, 123.
The chamber, 240, Figure, 23, constitutes an enlargment of volume of the
port, 237, provided for the purpose of increasing the quantity of fluid held therein to
he discharged and enable the effect of throttling the port, 239, to be more nicely
adjusted than would be the case if the volume to be exhausted were exceedingly
small.
The chamber, 241, back of the piston, 235, is provided with a buffer cushion, 242,
for receiving the force of the piston valve opening stroke.
The cut-off valve, 238, is operated in the one direction by means of a hand
operated tappet engagement, and automatically operated in the other by means of a
separate tappet engagement with the exhaust valve stem upon the release of the
herein described latch mechanism for retaining said stem; the parts being shown to
best advantage by Figures 20, 21 and 22, in which, 221, is the firing-rod operated
from any suitable handle or hand lever above, accessible to the gunner, so as to fire
by a downward thrust of said rod. The rod, 221, is provided with a counter-balanced
pawl, 243, (or a spring pawl) which engages during the first portion of the downward
stroke of said rod with the charging tappet tooth, 244, upon the end of the valve
stem, 245, of the cut-off valve, 238, so as to rotate the latter from its normal exhaust
position shown in Figures 19 and 23; to its charging position shown by dotted lines
in said Figures. The pawl, 243, permits the preparatory upward movement of the
rod, 221, passing the tappet tooth, 244, for re-engagement with the same.
rod, 221, also has a slotted end at, 246, engaging during the last portion of its
downward stroke with pin, 247, on the bell-crank, 248, 250; the two arms of the
latter being fixed to its shaft, 249, as seen in Figure 21. The arm, 250, connects to
the latch-bar, 251, so as to trip or reset the same by sliding it through its slotted seat
in casting, 234. The trip movement (see Figure 20.) releases the shouldered or
notched valve stem, 252, of the piston, 235, and piston valve, 123, and permits the
same to automatically release the cut-off valve, 238, as hereinafter described, to the
position of Figure 23, by abutinent against the release tappet, 253, on the valve rock
shaft, 245.
The
The operation of this is as follows: The reservoir pipe, 107, being charged with
firing pressure, and the actuating chamber, 128, charged with like pressure through

page_text: the pipe, 125, the firing valve, 104, is retained on its seat. To perform the act of
firing the rod, 221, is first lifted to latch the exhaust valve, 123, the same being
normally closed. The latch, 251, and the several other parts thereby assume the
position shown in all the Figures. The rod, 221, is now thrust down, which
movement by engagement of pawl, 243, with charging tappet, 244, first sets the cut-
off valve, 238, with its release tappet, 253, to the position indicated by dotted lines,
Figures 19 and 23, in which the port, 237, is connected to pressure pipe, 238, and the
exhaust passage, severed therefrom. The chamber, 236, (Figure 19.) is thereby
charged with the reservoir pressure applied to the exposed predominating area of
piston, 235, above that of piston valve, 123; and therefore preparatory to forcing the
latter open upon release of the latch mechanism. The continued downward movement
of the firing rod, 221, now brings the upper end of its slot, 246, in contact with
pin, 247, tripping the latch, 251, rendering the pressure in chamber, 236, active,
opening exhaust-valve, 123, and performing the act of firing. The opening movement
of the exhaust valve and its stem throws the tappet, 253, and cut-off valve, 238, back
to the (full lined) exhausting position shown. From this period the exhaust
valve, 123, is automatic; the pressure thereon in chamber, 230, from pipe 125,
causing its closure as soon as pressure in chamber, 236, falls sufficiently therefor by
reason of its escape under valve, 238, to and through the controllable escape or
cramping valve herein before mentioned, to the atmosphere.
The act of opening the period of dwell, and the act of closing of the exhaust
valve, 123, determine corresponding simultaneous movements of the firing valve, 104,
automatically by the reduction and recharge of actuating pressure in chamber, 128, as
in Figures 11 to 18.
Referring to Figures 24 to 28, inclusive: The modification of this invention,
illustrated herein, has for its object to embody in simple form a firing valve capable of
a variable firing capacity governed by a predetermined adjustment of the pressure
controlling mechanism which actuates it.
This consists of a double motion firing valve having sliding pistons interiorly
balanced, and arranged by their reciprocating movement to control the firing port of
the gun when pressure predominates upon either exterior side of the piston valve
ends, or when actuated mechanically as will hereinafter appear. The period of
delivery of the valve is thereby determined by its rate of movement in transversing the
firing port, and the said rate of movement is made determinable by altering the area
of the firing valve operating pressure ports through which the valve actuating exterior
pressures are admitted or exhausted.
The firing valve casing, 36, is in this instance transverse to the gun-barrel, 40,
beneath its breech, and the firing fluid reservoir connects therewith to the underside
of the valve through connecting pipe, 107.
The connection between the firing fluid reservoir and the firing valve is kept
constantly open or closed during the action or inaction of the gun, by means of a
suitable stop-valve.
The breech of the gun is provided with a loading valve, 37, used in lieu of the
cap, 62, Figure 5, to permit the introduction of the projectiles, which are held at the
proper distance in the barrel beyond the firing ports, 86, by the spring latch, 87,
(Figure 24) after the loading valve is closed. The loading valve is cup-shaped, as
shown, to give it strength, and opens inward, swinging from its seat, 88, by means of
the shaft, 89, and hand lever, 90.
The firing valve casing or cylinder is closed at either end by removable screw-
threaded plugs, 91, as in Figure 25, or heads as in Figure 28, adapted for convenient
access to the firing valve, 92. The said plugs, 91, are interiorly faced with valve
cushions, 93, adapted to receive the concussion of the valve stroke. The said valve
casing is smooth bored and fifted pressure-tight with the valve, 92, at the latter's seat
and piston surfaces. The valve, 92, may be prevented from turning or rolling out of
correct position by means of any suitable guide, (as a longitudinal groove and feather,
not shown, but suitably located in the adjacent surfaces of the valve and its seat).

page_text: The space between the valve pistons is open beneath to the reservoir pressure when
the latter is admitted, and the fluid delivered to the gun-barrel through the sub-
divided port, 86, above, or the single port in the instance of Figure 28, when
the firing valve is at its centre or mid-stroke shown; said position being,
however, 21 transitory one. The length of stroke is such as to close the ports, 86,
when the valve reaches either stroke termination, said ports being of greater or less
width according to the number of them employed for a given total area.
In Figure 27, the section of the firing valve is taken through a horizontal plane
central thereto, removing therefrom the connecting portion (indicated by dotted
lines) of the pistons, 92, 92, the same being integral.
94, is the firing valve operating shaft rotated or rocked by the hand-lever shown,
and adapted to turn the cylindrical operating valves, 95, 95, so as to simultaneously
charge and exhaust the opposite firing valve cylinder chambers, 96, 97 in alternative
order, according as the valves, 95, 95, are rocked or rotated to the one or the other
active position. The chambers, 96, and, 97, communicate to the reservoir pressure
through the bifurcated port, 98, or to atmospheric exhaust through ports, 99, as will
be understood by an inspection of the valve openings indicated.
The valves, 95, are enclosed pressure-tight by means of screw-plugs, 100, which also
serve as bearings for the valve shaft, 94. The ports, 101, are provided with adjustable
cramping valves, 102, the same being constructed in the form of screw-threaded
bolts provided with jam-nuts, as shown, or otherwise constructed if preferred, (such
as having adaptability for an indicating scale or dial to indicate the amount of
opening) and are arranged to accurately control the area of said ports, 101.
The operating valves, 95, are equally applicable to Figure 28, but as therein
indicated, the pistons may be operated mechanically from the exterior by means of
a piston rod, 280.
In operation, the firing valve being at either terminal stroke, pressure is admitted
from the reservoir at the chamber beneath said valve preparatory for action. The
projectile to be discharged is introduced by opening inward the loading valve, 37,
to the position indicated by dotted lines, Figure 26, by lever, 90, and the same
being re-seated, the gun is ready for discharge.
Assuming the valve, 92, to be at the terminal position shown by Figure 27, the
valves, 95, 95, are turned from an inactive position to the position shown, permitting
access of reservoir pressure to chamber, 96, and exhaust to atmosphere from clianiber, 97,
the currents following the direction of the arrows through said valves, 95, 95. The
firing valve, 92, being thus unbalanced exteriorly, thereby travels from end to end of
its cylinder, the period of transition of its openings, 103, over the ports, 86, therefore
determining the period and amount of compressed fluid delivery to the projectile. The
same firing operation is successively repeated by reversals and repetitions respectively
of said valve movement. The variable period imparted to the firing valve's transition
is acquired by the adjustment of the cramping valves, 102, determining the amount
of retardation offered to the inflowing or outflowing valve actuating currents.
In order to actuate the piston firing valve mechanically, such means may be adopted
as illustrated by Figures 29 and 30, in which, the inlet port, 107, connects with
supply pipe, and the outlet port, 86, leads to gun-tube. The plug, 92, covers the
outlet port when in closed position, as in Figure 29, and is balanced by the space, 281,
which extends entirely around it. The plug is hollow, and is in fact a mere shell
supported by spokes or spiders, 282.
The valve rod, 280, passes through the casing from end to end, and has a cross-
head, 283, at one end, which cross-head is connected in the usual manner to a
pitman, 284.
The other end of said pitman is secured to a wrist-pin, 285, which is secured to a
block which may be moved in radial groove, 286, in disk, 287, or the wrist-pin is
made otherwise radially adjustable on the disk, in any manner well known to
mechanics.
The disk, 287, (or a sector thereof) is carried by crank shafts, 288, which have

page_text: bearings in frame, 289; crank, 290, is connected by pitman, 291, to cross-head, 292,
which is connected by piston rod, 298, to a piston in small cylinder, 294. This piston
is operated in the same manner as a steam piston, by the pressure of gas on one side
or the other, the movement being governed by a small valve which may be operated
by hand.
When the gas pressure is admitted to one end of cylinder 294, the piston is driven
rapidly to the other end of said cylinder. This carries crank, 290, through a very
little less than half a revolution, care being taken that the crank be so connected to
the piston rod that it will stop just short of the dead centres. The same rotation of
the crank moves disk, 287, with it. The first movement of the disk moves the valve
plug rapidly and by the time the wrist-pin has moved from, 295, to, 296, the
passage, 86, is open sufficiently to permit the passage of the full pressure of the gas.
That is, the area of the valve opening is equal to the sectional area of the bore of the
gun. While the disk continues its movement from, 296, to, 297, the valve moves
slightly, but it is a lost motion; the movement from, 297, to, 298, quickly closes the
valve. Thus a single stroke of the piston in cylinder, 294, causes a quick opening, a
quick closing, and an interval between said opening and closing of valve plug, 92.
The movement of valve, 92, may be governed by moving wrist-pin, 285, nearer to
or further from the centre of disk, 287. Thus the time of operation of the valve may
be measurably regulated.
The piston in cylinder, 294, should be air cushioned and the time of stroke may be
determined by regulating the movement of the valve which admits air thereto.
Referring to Figures 31 and 32: By the instrumentalities herein before described,
the variability of the firing fluid delivery is limited within the scope attainable by the
variable period of opening given to the firing valve. The object of the throttle valve
illustrated in Figures 31, 32, is to extend the said variability by varying the capacity
of the firing valve at its maximum open position. This feature of this invention
therefore consists in throttling the firing fluid passage or pipe controlled by the firing
valve, by means of a valve to which a constant position of adjustment is given, or to
which automatically variable positions are imparted to admit a moderate charge of the
firing fluid at the initial opening of the firing valve, and the full or normal rate of
charge after the inertia of the projectile has been partly overcome.
16, Figure 31, represents a firing fluid reservoir; 40, the gun-barrel; and, 107, the
connecting pipe between the same. 216, is an end view of a firing valve casing,
such for instance, as corresponding to that illustrated in Figure 20, of which, 125,
is the charging pipe connecting from the reservoir, 16, through the controlling valve
in casing, 233, with the firing-valve actuating-chamber, from which latter, pressure is
withdrawn or recharged to actuate said firing valve automatically; as herein before set
forth. The throttling valve is, however, applicable to any of the forms of firing valves
having similar functions to those herein shown.
The throttling valve, 260, Figure 31, is operated and retained at any point by such
form of mechanism as may be found most suitable, connected to the stem, 261, to hold
it securely in position when adjusted, as for instance, a screw connected to, or forming
a part of the valve-stem.
The end of the valve, 260, exposed to inflowing current is preferably constructed
of cone form, whereby the force of the fluid current is received upon inclined
surfaces and divided, and also whereby the different adjusted distances of the valve
from its seat, 262, may the more gradually govern its amount of opening at different
points.
1
The valve, 260, may be entirely closed upon its seat, 262, to serve the function of a
stop-valve when the gun is out of action.
263, Figure 32, is an actuating piston connected to the valve, 260, to thrust it to
its limited maximum opening for which it may be adjusted for throttling when
pressure is applied in chamber, 264. The chamber, 265, is permanently free from
pressure by reason of its communication with the atmosphere through opening, 266.
267, is an adjusting wheel, stationary in the direction longitudinal to its axis within

page_text: the bearing, 268, but rotative therein, determining the position of the sleeve, 269,.
to which the wheel hub is screw-threaded as shown.
The screw-threaded sleeve, 269, bears at its outer end against the fixed collar, 270,
on the valve rod, 261, and at its inner end, 271, against the spiral spring, 272, which
abuts permanently against the collar, 273, also fixed to the said valve rod. The
spring, 272, has sufficient stiffness to resist the pressure which occurs directly upon
the valve, 260, in passage, 107, but the valve-stem, 261, slides freely in the sleeve, 269,
and permits a compression of the spring when additional pressure is applied to the
piston, 203.
Pressure from the firing fluid is applied to chamber 264, through pipe, 274,
automatically after the projectile within the gun-barrel has passed the point, 275, at
which the said pipe connects; and the valve, 260, is then moved from its partly open
position as that indicated in Figure 32, to an extent. determined by the adjustment
of the wheel, 267. The throttling action of the valve is thereby relieved to apply
the full impelling force to the projectile, or such maximum force as may be.
desired.
Referring to Figures 33, 34 and 35: A method of loading the projectile through
the breech of the gun by power derived from the compressed air from the storage
flask, is here illustrated.
A cylinder, 300, arranged parallel with the gun tube, 40, has a piston, 301, and a
rod, 302, extending to the rear thereof. An arm, 304, on this rod, 302, bears pro-
jections, 303, and, 309, which in the reciprocation of the piston, will insert the
projectile and at the proper time, engage with and close the breech-block, 37.
The breech-block, 37, is pivoted at, 306, so as to swing on said pivot. The block is
normally forced open by spring, 307, which tends to rock it on its pivot. The inclined
projection, 303, from piston rod, 302, or its projecting arm, engages a projection, 308.
on the breech-block, 37, and at the proper time in the forward movement of the
piston rod closes the breech-block. After the breech is closed by the inclined
piece, 303, it is held closed, until the piston, 301, is forced back.
A cradle or guide-way for projectiles is made up of parallel rods, 310, 311, and
cross-head guides, 312, or if preferred, a trough may be substituted therefor. The
guides, 312, have a slot, 313, which serves as a way for the extension or cross-
head, 304, from the piston-rod, 302. The arm, 309, on this extension bears the
spring-pin, 314, which projects slightly forward, and has a head with inclined sides:
This spring pin, during the forward movement of the piston and arm, bears against
the base of projectile, and forcos the projectile forward into the tube. The closure
of the block, 37, against the inclined face of the head of the pin serves to force
the pin back, as the breech-block enters between the pin and projectile. For this..
purpose the edge of the breech-block may be bevelled.
It will be at once apparent that the breech-block may reciprocate in straight line
instead of swinging, and the opening and closing and insertion of the projectile still
be effected in the same manner. The breech may be made to open by gravity or by
positive mechanism.
The cradle or trough, 310, 311, 312, may be supplied with projectiles from a
retaining rack or magazine, 316, at the side.
The operating piston, 301, is controlled by a slide valve in chamber, 317, which is
moved by a lever, 318, in the usual manner and receives its gas supply through a pipe
from the storage flask, such as, 16, Figure 31.
The rearward movement of the piston causes or permits the breech to open.
The rod, 302, can be operated by hand or by a separate engine in lieu of the direct
acting piston.
Referring to Figures 36 to 41, inclusive: the commingling of a heated gas or a
combustible gas with the cooler compressed air in the bore of the gun may be employed
to raise the temperature, thereby increasing the expansion of the air upon the pro-
jectile after the firing valve has closed.
The gun-tube, 40, in Figure 36, has its breech closing mechanism at, 37, which

page_text: operates in any suitable or usual manner.
The storage flasks, 16, and, 320, are filled
with compressed air or gas, by connections leading to the pipes, 321, 322, in the
trunnion, or in other suitable manner.
The flask, 320, which extends forward nearly to the muzzle of the gun, is separate
from the flask, 16. This flask, 320, contains a combustible gas as hydrogen, the vapor
of naphtha, or a similar vapor which when united with air forms an explosive mixture.
This gas will be under pressure preferably in excess of the air pressure in the flask, 16.
The supply to the flask, 320, is conveyed through pipe, 322.
36, represents a firing valve casing in which any suitable form of valve such as
herein before described serves to supply compressed air from the flask, 16, to the gun-
tube, and by this air-pressure the projectile is driven as usual through the hore of the
gun. At a suitable point near or at the muzzle the projectile causes a valve to open
which serves to admit a quantity of the highly compressed gas from the tube, 325,
where it is retained between the cocks, 326, and, 327. The amount of gas so con-
tained and confined can be readily determined by a suitable pressure gauge, and
should be regulated and proportioned to the amount of air to be admitted by the
valve, 36.
The valve, 327, can be operated by a spring, or by gas pressure. It is held in
closed position until the gun is "fired," by the engagement of the end, 328, of
lever, 330, with one of the stops, 331, on the valve-stem. The valve has a tendency
to open instantly when released by the projectile striking the end, 329, of the
lever, 330. Figure 39, illustrates the elements of one form of mechanism which may
be used to latch and release the valve, 327. The disk, 360, is connected to the valve.
and the disk, 362, independently rotatable thereon; a pawl and ratchet, 363, engages
the disk, 362, with, 360, when the tooth, 331, is released by lever, 330; the whole
being rotated by a suitable spring. 364, connected to a stationary point. The
combustible gas charge having been confined in the space in tube, 325, between the
valves, 326, and, 327, the passage of the projectile, 61, through the bore opens the
valve, 327, as soon as the projectile has passed the mouth of said tube, 325. The
gas is ignited by percussion, or by a friction-primer, 335, which is fired by an electric
spark or otherwise, and may serve either to heat the compressed air in the gun-
tube to a high degree, and thus increase the pressure, or by mixing with the com-
pressed air may form an explosive mixture, accordingly as one or other gas is used.
This increase of pressure serves to give a final impetus to the projectile as it leaves
the muzzle of the gun.
A method of igniting the gas at the proper instant, by the passage of the pro-
jectile, is shown in Figures 40, 41, in application to a gun-powder cartridge.
to
The space between the valves, 326, 327, in the tube, 325, may be enlarged in volume
any desired extent.
It is important, where a combustible gas is used, that the flame should not be
permitted to extend back of the cock, 326, and so into the reservoir, 320.
The gun-tube, 40, is reinforced by a sleeve, 340, near the muzzle, to give additional
strength and thickness to the portion thereof subjected to increased strain of com-
bustion of the compressed gases.
The same mechanism may be employed whether superheated steam be used in
flask, 320, and pipe, 325, or an explosive gas, as the accelerating charge. I prefer
the gas charge, however, and to this end the muzzle section and tube, 325, are made
strong enough to withstand the explosive admitted thereto.
Figures 40, 41, illustrate a method of accelerating the shot by the combined
pressure of the gas from the flask, and the explosion of a powder-charge in the bore
of the gun.
An electrical wire from battery, 350, leads through the powder-chamber, 351, but
does not close this circuit until the circuit. 352, through the bore of the gun, is
broken by the passage of the projectile. Then the spark will ignite the cartridge
at, 353, and the products of combustion in chamber, 351, will commingle with the
gas in tube, 40, and highly heat the same.

page_text: It is manifest that the cartridge in chamber, 351, may be ignited by the passage of
the projectile, 61, in other ways than that indicated, as by the operation of a percussion
mechanism, or by the arrangement of the wires in different ways.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that I am aware
of the Specification of the Patent granted to A. J. Boult as a communication from
H. Eichbaum No. 6369 of 1889 and I do not claim anything therein described or
claimed but what 1 claim is
1. In conjunction with the gun-tube of a pneumatic gun, a skeleton brace or stock
and hollow trunnions thereon supporting the same, a supply-pipe rotary on a vertical
axis connected with the trunnions and rearwardly extending pipes at each side of the
supporting stock, connecting the hollow trunnions with the breech, substantially
as hereinbefore described with reference to Figures 1, 2 and 3, of the annexed
drawings.
2. The hollow trunnions provided with shoulders, and trunnion bearings receiving
said trunnions and against which said shoulders bear, and bolts passing axially through
said bearings and screwed into the trunnion castings, substantially as hereinbefore
described with reference to Figure 3, of the annexed drawings.
3. The hollow standard column, and a rotary pipe fitted thereto, forked or bifurcated
and provided with trunnion-bearings, a gun-tube supported by trunnions fitting said
bearings, and a rotary ring or carriage around said column, and connections between
said tube and said ring, all substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to
Figures 1, 2 and 3, of the annexed drawings.
4. The pneumatic gun-tube provided with latches or dogs whereby a shot may be
locked, and a supply or firing-valve in conjunction therewith for admitting air to
the tube behind the shot while the latter is locked, and an unlocking device for
releasing said latches or dogs while the shot is under pressure, substantially as
herein before described with reference to Figures 4 to 10, inclusive, of the annexed
drawings.
5. The supply or firing valve, the opening of which is effected by the device for
locking the latches or dogs, and connections whereby the closing of the supply valve
is produced by the operation of the locking and unlocking device, substantially
as hereinbefore described with reference to Figures 4 to 10, inclusive, of the annexed*¨
drawings.
==
6. The automatic plunger firing valve, 104, having an actuating pressure
chamber, 128, as shown, and an automatic mechanism in conjunction therewith for
controlling the charge or discharge of pressure in said chamber, the said mechanism
consisting of an exhaust valve, 123, controlling both the induction and eduction of
said pressure by means of an automatic operating piston, 122, connected to said
exhaust valve, the said piston being actuated from the herein described predominating
pressure application between the two valve pistons of unequal area, and rendered
active by a means of automatically terminated exhaust, (as by a relief valve, 135,)
and an adjustable recharging port cramping valve, 182, (Figure 17.) substantially
as set forth with reference to Figures 11 to 18, inclusive, of the annexed drawings.
7. The herein described unequal piston controlling valve, 123, 122, and the hand
rotated relief valve, 135, in conjunction therewith, partially indepen tently rotatable
by engagement of a tappet, 139, thereon with the controlling valve piston, 122, and
a non-retaining hand shaft connection (as the shaft-toe, 141, and concentric valve
recess, 140,) as and for the purpose herein specified, with reference to Figures 11, 12,
14 and 15, of the annexed drawings.
8. The reciprocating piston exhaust valve, 123, of the controlling mechanism in
conjunction with an actuating piston, 23, of superior area affixed to its stem, and an
interposed stationary pressure tight diaphragm or partition, 232, penetrated by said
stem and adapted to separate the adjacent intervening valve piston chambers, 230, 236,
as shown, and for the purpose set forth, with reference to Figure 19, of the annexed
drawings.

page_text: 9. The herein described unequal double piston exhaust valve, 123, 235, in con-
junction with the valve stem trip latch, 251, and a separate cut-off valve, 238, hand
operated to charge the exhaust valve actuating piston chamber, 236, and automatically
operated to release pressure from said chamber by action of the predominating
effective pressure therein on the greater of said pistons, 235, by means of the release
tappet, 253, connected to said cut-off valve and the exhaust valve stem end, 252,
abutting thereon when rendered active by the tripping of said latch, 251, as and for
the purposes set forth, with reference to Figures 19 to 23, inclusive, in the annexed
drawings
10. The herein described interiorly balanced double piston firing valve, 92, having
port connection arranged to effect transitory admission of impelling fluid from the
storage reservoir, 16, to the gun-barrel 40, during an intermediate period of each
reciprocation of said valve, and to normally sever said admission at the point of com-
mencement and point of termination of each said reciprocation in the manner
herein set forth, with reference to Figures 24 to 28, inclusively, of the annexed
drawings.
11. The herein described system of regulating the firing fluid delivery from the
storage reservoir, 16, to the gun-barrel, 40, consisting of timing the period of said
fluid delivery by means of an automatic pressure actuated firing valve, (as, 104, or, 92,)
and determining the volume of said fluid delivered during said period, by variably
throttling the passage controlled by said firing valve, as by the valve, 260,
substantially as explained; with reference to Figures 31 and 32, of the annexed
drawings.
12. In conjunction with the throttling valve, 260, an operating piston, such as, 263,
actuated by pressure from the gun-barrel and a tube or passage, 274, whereby
opening pressure is transmitted to the said throttling valve after the shot has started,
substantially as hereinbefore described with reference te Figure 32, of the annexed
drawings.
1. The gas pressure projectile inserting and breech closing mechanism, and the
receiving cradle forming a rearward continuation of the gun-barrel arranged sub-
stantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Figures 33, 34 and 35, of the
annexed drawings.
14. The arrangements and combinations of parts described with reference to
Figures 36 to 41 for the commingling of a heated gas or a combustible gas with the
cooler compressed air in the gun after the projectile bas started in the gun for
accelerating it by increasing the temperature and expansive force of the air.
Dated this 10th day of June 1890.
JENSEN & SON;
77, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Patent Agents.