IMPROVEMENTS IN AUGERS
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Edward Newton, of the Office for Patents,
66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN AUGERS."-A communication from abroad
by Amasa C. Kasson and Nelson Coles Gridley, both of St. Louis, in
the State of Missouri, United States of America.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Edward Newton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th January 1867.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN AUGERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in forming the twist of an auger or auger bit so that
while half-circles shall be formed by the twist for the discharge of the shavings
by turning the edge of the twist inward the cutting lip of the auger shall
receive its shape by the form of the twist, and the outer edge of the twist
shall be a cutting edge throughout its whole length. The edges of the twist
of the auger are twisted inward, and form a carve or nearly a half. circle,
which receives the chips or shavings, and from which they are discharged
without being impeded by friction against the sides of the hole, thus relieving
the auger and preventing its clogging in the hole and greatly lessening the
labour. The outer edge of the twist is itself a cutting edge its whole length,

page_text: and the hole is consequently made smooth and true; thus a cutter is formed
by the concavity of the twist which throws the shavings or chips into the half
circle or concave twist without any extra or special lip or curve of the lip of
the cutter. The form of the curve from the outer edge of the twist to the
centre or near the centre gives shape and form to the cutting lip of the auger;
this lip has a gouge shape or the half circle shape of the twist, and inclines
from the screw or cutting point to the periphery, and as the twist has the
same shape its whole length it will be seen that any portion of the twist will
form the cutting lip as well as the lower portion by cutting off the twist at any
given point in a line parallel with the axis of the auger and sharpening its
eilges.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Edward Newton in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 6th July 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirtieth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
William Edward Newton, Her special licence that I, the said William Edward
Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said William Edward Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN AUGERS," being a communication to me from abroad, upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said William Edward Newton, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent:

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Edward Newton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say) :-
:-
The Invention consists in forming the twist of an auger or auger bit so
that its front or working faces are concave and its rear surfaces are convex,
and the cutting lip of the auger receives its shape from the formation of the
twist, and the outer edge of the twist is a cutting edge its whole length.
The auger complete is shewn in the accompanying Drawing at Fig. 1, and
the twist of the auger is represented in Fig. 2, which is a section taken in the
line,, of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is an end view of the auger, shewing the bottom
cutting edges.
It will be noticed that the edges of the twist a, a, are turned inward and
form a curve or nearly half circle, which receives the chips or shavings, and
from which they are discharged without being impeded by friction against the
sides of the hole, thus relieving the auger and preventing it from clogging in
the hole, and greatly lessening the labor of working the tool; this outer edge
of the twist is itself a cutting edge throughout its whole length, and the hole
is consequently made smooth and true. Thus a cutting lip is formed by the
concavity of the twist, which throws the shavings or chips into the half circle
or concave twist without any extra or special lip or curve of the lip of the
eutter. The form of the curve from the outer edge of the twist to the centre,
or near the centre gives shape and form to the cutting lip B of the auger.
The lip B has a gouge shape or the half circle shape of the twist, which
follows the concavity of the twist from the screw or cutting point to the
periphery and inclines to the axis of the auger, as will appear from an
examination of Figures 4 and 5, which are illustrations from different points
of view of an auger in which the twist is cut off in a plane parallel to the axis
of the auger, Fig. 4 being a view in the line of the plane of the section, and
Fig. 5 showing its appearance when partially rotated, showing that the cutter
is made from the concavity of the twist, and that it inclines from the screw to
the periphery. As the twist has the same shape throughout its whole length
it will be seen that any portion of the twist will form the cutting lip as well
as the lower portion by cutting off the twist at any given point in a line
parallel or nearly so with the axis of the auger and sharpening its edges, and
consequently should the lip or screw be broken another lip and another screw
can be formed, and the anger be rendered as efficient as ever instead of being
rendered entirely useless, as would be the case with common augers. The

page_text: kind, the turning
cutting lip commences at the screw, and is in fact nothing more than the
lower end or termination of the twist brought to an edge, the cutting edge of
the auger extending from the screw to the top of the twist. This form of the
twist makes a much stronger and stiffer auger than the old
in of the edge of the twist forms a concave surface, and on the opposite a
convex, which acts as a rib and which greatly strengthens the auger. To the
cutting lip spurs as in common use may be added.
Having now described the Invention of "Improvements in Augers," which
has been communicated to me by my foreign correspondent, as aforesaid, and
having explained the manner of carrying the same into effect, I claim as the
Invention secured to me by Letters Patent as aforesaid,
First, an auger having a twist whose front or working faces are concave,
and whose rear surfaces are convex, as herein set forth.
Second, an auger constructed as herein shown and described which permits
the formation of cutting lips at any point in its length by simply cutting off the
twist at any given point on a line parallel or nearly so with the axis of the
auger and sharpening its edges.
Third, a cutting lip formed by the concavity of the twist terminating on a
line parallel or nearly so with the axis of the auger, the sharpened edge of the
lip following the concavity of the twist from the screw or cutting point to the
periphery, and inclined to the axis of the auger, substantially as described.
Fourth, the combination of the twist, the eutting lip, and the cutting edge
of the twist, substantially as herein shown and described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Newton, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, the Fifth day of July, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven.
Witness,
J. W. MOFFATT,
66, Chancery Lane.
W. E. NEWTON. (L.S.)