IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING FABRICS
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Rodgers Samuels, of Nottingham, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING FABRICS."
Sealed the 8th August 1856, and dated the 23rd February 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Rodgers Samuels
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd February 1856.
I, SAMUEL RODGERS SAMUELS, of Nottingham, do hereby declare the nature
of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING FABRICS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in weaving fabrics. Here-
tofore, when weaving several pieces of fabric face to face and parallel to each
other, and when using lace carriages as the shuttles to carry the weft threads
or yarns only, comparatively narrow fabrics have been woven with convenience,
by reason of the combs, bolts, or instruments which receive the carriages or
shuttles being outside of or beyond the selvages of the fabrics, and the width
of the fabrics has been governed by the width of the shuttles or carriages em-
ployed. Now, these improvements consist of giving movement to the combs,
bolts, or instruments in which the carriages or shuttles move (at the back and
front of the machine), in order that their ends may approach and recede from
each other, and in order that such instruments may enter and leave the sheds
opened between the several sets of warp threads, and so that when the bolts,
combs, or instruments are in the sheds they may have the carriages or shuttles

page_text: pushed or moved from the front instruments to the back instruments, or from
the back instruments to the front, by suitable pushers. The machine is
arranged with numerous sets of warps, according to the number of breadths of
fabrics desired to be woven at one time face to face and parallel to each other
in a machine. It is preferred that the warp beams or bobbins should be at
the lowest part of the machine, and pass upwards through guide bars actuated
by jacquard or any suitable pattern surfaces, and that the work should be beaten
upwards by a suitable reed. The bolts, combs, or instruments which receive
and carry the carriages or shuttles are in each case arranged to move to and
from each other, and to enter the sheds in the warps, and when therein, the
carriage or shuttle in each case is moved by a pusher or instrument from one
comb, bolt, or instrument into the other, and then, by the combs, bolts, or
instruments receding, the carriage or shuttle is carried out of the shed and
beyond the selvage of the fabric, in order that the beat-up may take place.
With a view that the whole of a machine may not be stopped when any one
of the pieces of fabric or the mechanism producing the same requires atten-
tion, the mechanism for producing each fabric is arranged capable of being
stopped separately whilst the other parts of the machine continue to work.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Samuel Rodgers Samuels in the Great Seal Patent 'Office on
the 23rd August 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I; SAMUEL
RODGERS SAMUELS, of Nottingham, send greeting.
. WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria; by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of February, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the nineteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors; give and grant unto me, the
said Samuel 'Rodgers Samuels, Her special licence that I, the said Samuel
Rodgers Samuels, my executors, 'administrators, and assigns, or such others
as,the said Samuel Rodgers Samuels; my executors, administrators, and
assigns; should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time (and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
inight make; -use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING FABRICS," upon the condition (amongst others) that

page_text: I, the said Samuel Rodgers Samuels, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Samuel Rodgers Samuels, do. hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say:-.
This Invention has for its object improvements in weaving fabrics. Here-
tofore, when weaving several pieces of fabric face to face and parallel to each
other, and when using lace carriages as the shuttles to carry the weft threads
or yarns only, comparatively narrow fabrics have been woven with convenience
by reason of the combs; bolts, or instruments which receive the carriages or
shuttles being outside of or beyond the selvages of the fabrics,, and the width of
the fabrics has been governed by the. width of the shuttles or carriages em-
ployed. Now, these improvements consist of giving movement to the combs,
bolts, or instruments in which the carriages or shuttles move (at the back and
front of the machine), in order that their ends may approach and recede from
each other, and in order that such instruments may enter and leave the sheds
opened between the several sets of warp threads, and so that when the bolts,
combs, or instruments are in the sheds they may have the carriages or shuttles
pushed or moved from the front instruments to the back instruments, or from
the back instruments to the front, by suitable pushers. The machine is
arranged with numerous sets of warps, according to the number of breadths of
fabrics desired to be woven at one time face to face and parallel to each other
in a machine. It is preferred that the warp beams or bobbins should be, at the
lowest part of the machine, and pass upwards through guide bars actuated by
jacquard or any suitable pattern surfaces, and that the work should be beaten
upwards by a suitable reed. The bolts, combs, or instruments which receive
and carry the carriages or shuttles are in each case arranged, to move to and
from each other, and to enter the sheds in the warps, and when therein, the
carriage or shuttle in each case is moved by a pusher, or instrument from one
comb, bolt, or instrument into the other, and then, by the combs, bolts, or
instruments receding, the carriage or shuttle is carried out of the shed and
beyond the selvage of the fabric, in order that the beat-up may take place.
With a view that the whole of a machine may not be stopped when any one of
the pieces of fabric or the mechanism producing the same requires attention,

page_text: the mechanism for producing each
separately whilst the other parts of the machine continue to work.
And in order that my Invention may be most fully understood and readily:
carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the Drawings hereunto annexed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS A.
Figure 1 shews a vertical section of a machine constructed according to my
Invention; Figures 2, 3, and 4 shew sections of some of the principal moving
parts, full size, in different positions, the nature of which is written thereon.
I have not thought it necessary to shew other views of the machine, as the
mode of arranging the warps for weaving numerous pieces of fabric face to
face and paralel to each other, does not form any part of my present Inven-
tion, and the same was fully described in the Specification of a Patent granted
to me and another, bearing date the Twenty-first day of February One thou-
sand eight hundred and fifty-three, and as the instruments for moving the
shuttles or carriages through the sheds, and the apparatus for beating up the
weft are the same in this machine as were shewn and described in the said
former Specification, it will not be necessary to enter into a minute description
thereof, as the action of those parts is clearly indicated in the Drawings.
The only important difference in the present arrangement of the mechanical
parts is the giving motion to the combs, or bolts, or instruments which receive
the carriages or shuttles in place of those parts remaining stationary outside
the selvages of the fabrics, as was the case in the former arrangement.
a, a, are bars on which the bolts, or combs, or instruments a', a¹, which
receive the shuttles or carriages b, b, are fixed; the bars a, a, are fixed to the
blocks a, a, which are caused to slide to and fro on the end framings of the
machine in the following manner:-a, a³, are cranked levers at each end of
the machine, supported and moved on studs a, a, carried by brackets fixed to
the end framings of the machine. The upper ends of the levers a³, a³, are
forked, so as to embrace studs fixed on each end of the bars a, a; the other
ends of the levers a³, a³, are connected by a pin joint a³ to connecting links aº,
the lower ends of which are connected by pin joints to forked levers a', moving
on studs a³, fixed to the framing. The lever as is actuated by cams a³, shewn
separately at Figure 5, by which the combs, or bolts, or instruments a¹ are
caused to move to and from cach other to receive and carry the shuttles or
carriages through the sheds formed in the several warps. The cams aº are
fixed on the main cam shaft or axis c, which receives motion from the crank
axis e by means of the toothed wheel e¹ fixed on the axis e, taking into the
teeth of the intermediate toothed wheel f' fixed on the axis f, which takes into

page_text: and drives the toothed wheel c' fixed on the cam shaft or axis c; or motion
may be communicated to the cam shaft c by a steam engine or other motive
power. 9, 9, are the pusher bars, upon which are fixed the fingers or pushers
g', g', which push the shuttles or carriages from one set of combs or bolts into
the opposite set. The pusher bars g, g, are fixed to the sliding bars g, g², at
each end of the machine, which move to and fro on suitable bearings formed
on the end framings. The bars 9, 9%, are connected by links g³, g, to lever
arms 9', g', fixed on the axis g', which receives motion by the lever arm g
being connected by the link g' to the lever g³, which is actuated by the cam g³
fixed on the axis f. The beater his supported by rods h', h', which are guided
up and down in suitable brackets at each end of the machine. The rods h¹, h¹;
are connected to levers h², h², fixed on the axis h³, which receives motion by the
levers h, h, and connecting links ho, ho, actuated by cams he, he, at each end of
the machine. i, i, are guide bars, having holes pierced in them, through which
the warp threads are passed. The guide bars i, i, are actuated by jacquard or
other suitable pattern surfaces; or part of the warp threads for the ground of
the fabrics may be passed through frames of leashes j,j, moved to and fro by
suitable mechanism at each end of the machine.
Figure 6, Drawing B, shews a section of so much of a machine for weaving
a series of fabrics, face to face, as will enable me to describe another arrange-
ment for moving the combs, bolts, or instruments which receive and carry the
shuttles or carriages through the sheds. a, a, are the combs or bolts which
form parts or circles, as in twist lace machines; and they are made capable of
moving to and from each other, so as to pass into and out of the sheds formed
in the warps, to receive and carry the shuttles or carriages through the sheds,
in the following manner:-The bolts or combs a, a, are carried by bars a¹, a¹,
which are fixed to arms a², a², moving freely on axes as at each end of the
machine; the arms a³, a³, are connected by links a, a, to bars a³, a³, guided
up and down in brackets at each end of the machine. The lower ends of the
bars a³, as, are connected to forked levers a, a, supported on axes a', and
motion is communicated to the forked levers a' by cams a fixed on the cam
shaft or axis, by which the combs or bolts will be caused to move to and from
cach other to receive and carry the shuttles or carriages through the sheds.
The shuttles or carriages are retained in the combs or bolts a, a, by catch bars
b, b, in the following manner :-The catch bars b, b, are carried by arms b¹, b¹,
which move on pin joints 3, 3, formed on the lever arms b, b, moving freely
on the axes a³, a³, at each end of the machine; the levers 3, 63, are connected
by links b, b, to the bars a, a, by which they will be acted upon to move
them to and fro with the bolts or combs, and the catch bars are caused to take

page_text: or to release the shuttles or carriages by means of the lifters c, c, which are
brought into action at the proper time by cams c,, fixed on the axis c', which
raise and lower the lifters c, c, by means of levers c, c. The upper ends of
the lifters c, c, act on trucks carried by the arms b, b, to raise the catch, bars
out of the notches formed on the shuttles or carriages. The apparatus for
governing the warp threads, and for beating up the weft, being the same as
what were previously described, I have not thought it necessary to repeat
the same.
i
I will now describe the means whereby the weaving of the several pieces of
fabric in a machine may be rendered independent of each other, so that the
whole of the machine may not be stopped when any one of the pieces of
fabric, or the mechanism for producing the same, requires attention.
Figure 7, Drawing C, shews part of a side view; Figure 8, a plan; and
Figure 9, enlarged views of apparatus suitably arranged for carrying out
this part of my Invention. a, a, are bars which support the several frames
leashes which actuate the warp threads to each width of fabric. The bars a, a',
have endway movements given thereto, in opposite directions, to cause each
leash frame to open its particular shed in the warps. Fash leash frame b, b,
is supported in slots formed in the bars a, a, by pins b', 6', on the ends of the
leash frames. 3, 6, are other pius fixed in the leash frames, which serve to
connect each leash frame b with one of the bars a, a', by means of the catches
or, droppers c, c, which are connected by pin joints to the sides of the bars a, a¹,
by which each leash frame will be caused to partake of the same movement as
the bar a or a', with which it is connected, until it is released therefrom by
raising its catch or dropper c, after which it will remain stationary, the slots which
support the studs on the frames 6 being of sufficient length to admit of the to-
and-fro movement of the bars a, a', without acting upon the particular frames of
leashes for the time being out of action. The catches or droppers c, c, to cach
frame of leashes 6 are disconnected from the pins or studs b, by means of the
lifters d, d, which are connected to the throwing out leyers e, one to cach
width of fabric. Each lever e is supported and moves on a fixed axis, and is
retained in position by a lever catch e', as shewn. The upper end of each
lifter dis T-shaped, in order to act on the pins or studs c¹, c', fixed on the
sides of the catches c, and by which the catches are prevented from again
engaging with the pins or studs be until.allowed to do so by the descent of the
lifters. The lower end of each lever e is forked, and embraces a grooved
boss ex, which slides on a feather on the main cam shaft or axis f; and the
boss ex has a projection e² on it, which engages with a projection or recess
formed on the boss of the bevilled toothed pinion g, which at other times turns
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page_text: loose upon the axis f. The pinion g takes into and drives a bevilled toothed
wheel fixed on the axis h, upon which are fixed the cams which actuate the
combs or bolts, the pushers or catch bars, and the beat-up apparatus, so that
by the movement of either of the levers e the whole of the apparatus connected
with that particular width of fabric will be put in or thrown out of action..
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I would have it understood that I make no claim to any
of the parts separately, nor do I confine myself to the details as herein
described, so long as the peculiarity of my Invention be retained; but what
I claim is the combining machinery as herein described, whereby the bolts or
combs, or instruments which receive and carry the carriages or shuttles, move
to and from each other and enter the sheds of the warps, and whereby the
parts of the mechanism for making one of the fabrics may be put out of action
without stopping the machine.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Rodgers Samuels, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of August, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
Witness,
J. G. TONGUE.
SAMUEL RODGERS SAMUELS. (L.S.)