Improvements in the Method of and Apparatus for Warming the Interiors of Railway and other Closed Carriages, Vehicles, Cars, or the like.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd Jan., 1898
Complete Specification Left, 20th Oct., 1898-Accepted, 10th Dec.,
1898
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Method of and Apparatus for Warming the
Interiors of Railway and other Closed Carriages, Vehicles, Cars,
or the like.
We, THOMAS ASHTON, of Lewisham Road, Slaithwaite, near Huddersfield, in the
County of York, Wool Merchant, DAVID BAMFORTH, of Ing Head, Linthwaite, near
Huddersfield, Woollen Merchant, and WILLIAM SYKES, of Lewisham Road, Slaith-
waite, aforesaid, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:
This invention relates to apparatus for warming the interiors of railway carriages,
and other closed vehicles, coaches, cars or the like to which the same may be applied
with advantage, by means of air heated by a gas or oil lamp or burner, or by electricity
or other suitable heating agent. Our present improvements have reference to the
method of utilising waste or spent heat, or the products of combustion, for warming
carriages and the like, as set forth in the Specification of Letters Patent granted to
Thomas Sykes on the 29th day of November A.D. 1894, No. 23,142, and comprise
apparatus which is adapted to be used in conjunction with the heating apparatus
described and shewn in said specification, or in lieu thereof, our object being to
obtain a supply of hot air for distribution through the compartment or compartments
without having to depend on the movement of the carriage to obtain the requisite
pressure of air to force it from the illuminating lamp to the bottom of the carriage
as is practically essential in the method described in the said specification.
For the purpose of our invention we construct a suitably shaped casing or shell
containing a number of tubes having communication at one end with a chamber con-
taining a Buusen or other form of gas or oil burner, or an electric stove or burner or
similar heating agent, and at the opposite ends with a box or chamber having a dis-
charge pipe thereto which, in the case of railway or other carriages or vehicles,
terminates at one end thereof and is protected by a hood or guard to prevent back
draught or entrance of cold air.
The said casing or shell is provided with an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe, the
latter of which surrounds the discharge pipe with the exception of the outlet end,
and it is provided with branch pipes, one for each compartment, or one for two
compartments, that is, having outlets into both.
The casing and its outlet or main supply pipe are supported in a convenient position
under the carriage and are made with double walls or plates between which asbestos
or other non-conducting substance or material is placed to prevent radiation of heat.
Atmospheric air enters the inlet to the casing and passes upwards through same
among the tubes which being heated by the products of combustion from the lamp
or burner or heating agent in the lower chamber, rapidly heat the air, which then
passes into the main supply pipe and through the several branches into the com-
partments to be warmed. We may reverse the order described by passing
atmospheric air through the tubes and the waste heat or products of combustion
through the carriage. The main supply pipe is preferably made to incline a little
from the casing to the furthest branch pipe, and the heating tubes are contracted.

page_text: at their outlet ends to prevent the too rapid escape of the products of combustion.
Instead of the heated gases discharging direct into the atmosphere they may first
be conveyed by pipe or pipes around the carriage or compartment to assist in warm-
ing same. The pure warm air enters at the bottom of the carriage from whence it
rises through the interior to a ventilator of a somewhat similar construction to that
described and shewn in the patent alluded to.
A double air inlet with reverse openings can be employed so that one is always
open to the direction in which the carriage or vehicle is travelling, and a perforated
cover or nozzle is provided to prevent the entrance of grit or other solid or foreign
substances. The improvements herein described may be used for heating carriages
or the like before they start on a journey and, after starting, the same may be shut
off and the warm air supplied from the illuminating lamp set forth in the before-
mentioned patent, or both may supply warm air during the journey.
As, however, a sufficient supply of hot air can be obtained from the apparatus in
connection with the illuminating lamp when the carriage or vehicle is in motion,
the cost of an extra lamp or stove for continuous heating is not requisite, and may
therefore be turned off as soon as the stationary carriage is thoroughly warmed and
on the point of starting. Where the illuminating lamps are not provided with air
heating apparatus, the apparatus herein described can be used continuously for
warming the carriage. Asbestos fire balls, fire brick, or other refractory material is
employed in the burner chamber to add to the heat and to re-light the burner if the
light be accidentally blown out.
Dated this 21st day of January 1808
Improvements in the Method of and Apparatus for Warming the
Interiors of Railway and other Closed Carriages, Vehicles, Cars,
or the like..
We, THOMAS ASHTON, of Lewisham Road, Slaithwaite, near Huddersfield, in the
County of York, Wool Merchant, DAVID BAMFORTH, of Ing Head, Linthwaite, near
Huddersfield, aforesaid, Woollen Merchant, and WILLIAM SYKES, of Lewisham Road,
Slaithwaite, aforesaid, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :—
This invention relates to apparatus for warming the interiors of railway carriages,
and other closed vehicles, coaches, cars, or the like, to which the same may be applied
with advantage, by means of air heated by a gas or oil lamp or burner or by electricity
or other suitable heating agent. Our present improvements have reference to the
method of utilising waste or spent heat, or the products of combustion, for warming
carriages and the like, as set forth in the Specification of Letters Patent granted to
Thomas Sykes on the 29th day of November A.D. 1894, No. 23142, and comprise
apparatus which is adapted to be used in conjunction with the heating apparatus
described and shewn in the aforesaid specification or in lieu thereof, our object being
to obtain a supply of hot air for distribution through the compartment or compart-
ments without having to depend on the movement of the carriage to obtain the
requisite pressure of air to force the hot air from the illuminating lamp to the bottom
of the carriage as is practically essential in the method described in above named
specification.
For the purpose of our invention, we construct a suitably shaped casing or shell
containing a number of tubes having communication at one end with a chamber

page_text: containing a Buysen or other form of gas or oil burner, or an electric stove or burner,
or similar heating, agent, and at the opposite ends with a box or chamber having a
discharge pipe thereto, which, in the case of railway or other coaches or vehicles,
terminates at one end thereof and is protected by a hood or guard to prevent back.
draught. The said casing or shell is provided with an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe,
the latter of which surrounds the waste discharge pipe for a portion of its length,
and is provided with branch pipes one for each compartment, or one for two com-
partments, that is to say having outlets into both. The casing and its outlet or main
supply pipe are supported in a convenient position under the carriage and are made
with double walls or plates between which asbestos or other non-conducting substance
or material is placed to prevent radiation of heat. Atmospheric air enters the inlet
to the casing and passes upward within same among the series of tubes, which, being
heated by the products of combustion from the lamp or burner, rapidly heat, the
pure air, which then passes into the main supply pipe and through the several
branches into the compartments to be warmed. We may reverse the order described
by passing atmospheric air through the tubes and the waste heat or products of
combustion through the casing. The main supply pipe is preferably made to incline
a little from the casing, to the farthest branch pipe, and the heating tubes are
contracted at their outlet, ends to prevent the too rapid escape of the products of
combustion.
The pure warm air enters at the bottom of the carriage and rises through the
interior to a ventilator of a somewhat similar construction to that shewn in the
patent above alluded to.
Our invention will be more readily understood by reference to the annexed sheet
of drawings, forming a part of this specification, in which:-
Fig. is a sectional elevation of our improved warming apparatus as applied to a
railway carriage.
Fig. 2 is plan view of same.
Fig. 3 is a detail afterwards referred to.
Fig. 4 is sectional elevation of air heater shewing the tubes arranged horizontally
instead of vertically.
Fig. 5 is sectional elevation of a modified construction of the air heater shewn at
Fig. 1.
Fig. 6 is sectional elevation, taken on line x, x, of Fig. 7, of our improved
air warning apparatus as constructed for tram-cars, omnibuses and other road
vehicles.
Fig. 7 is transverse section of Fig. 6.
9
Referring to the drawings, letter a represents a round, square, or other suitably
shaped metal casing or shell in which is contained a number or pipes or tubes having
communication at their lower ends with a heating chamber c wherein is a Bunsen or
other form of burner or lamp d, and open at their upper ends to the interior of a
closed box or chamber e having a discharge pipe f connected thereto which extends.
under the carriage and is turned up at the far end thereof, the mouth of said dis-
charge pipe being protected by a hood or wind guard h to prevent back draught.
The casing a is provided near its lower end with an air inlet pipe i, and at its upper
end with an outlet or main supply pipe j, the latter of which surrounds the discharge
pipe for nearly the whole of its length, and has branch pipes j¹ extending therefrom.
to the undersides of grates or registers in the floor of each compartiment of the
carriage; or one branch pipe may be arranged to serve two adjacent compartments.
by providing it with two outlets. The grates or registers can be slided laterally
under a fixed grate to expose or close the same at will and admit or shut off the
admission of warm air to the compartments..
The casing and parts are supported in a convenient position under the carriage g
and said casing, and also the main supply pipe j, if desired, are made with double.
walls between which we pack asbestos, slag wool, or other non-conducting substanee
or material, which prevents radiation of heat.

page_text: Atmospheric air enters the casing a through the air inlet or collecter which has
two bell mouthed or conical openings, so arranged as to face each end of the carriage,
so that in whichever direction the carriage is moving, one of said openings will be
opposed to the wind or current of air, whilst the opposite mouthpiece will be closed
by the hinged valve or diaphragmn which is forced against said mouthpiece by the
inrushing current of air, as illustrated in Fig. 1. When the carriage is stationary
air can enter through either or both mouthpieces. After passing through the air
inlet or collector / the air passes into the casing a and impinges upon the tubes or
pipes as it rises upward to the outlet j, baffle plates or partitions m being
arranged within the casing to prevent too rapid ascent of the air, and to cause it to
travel from side to side to bring it into the fullest contact with the whole of
tubes b. The tubes b are heated by the products of combustion from the burner,
lamp or stove d, which are caused to pass through said tubes to the chamber or box e,
from whence they escape through pipe f to the atmosphere, the enclosing of said
discharge pipe in the main supply pipe giving an extended heat radiating surface
after leaving the casing a.
The pure air passing through the casing a is thus heated to a high temperature
by its contact with the tubes b, and when discharged into the compartment or
carriage will rise through same and heat the whole internal area. The compartments
may be provided at the top with any suitable ventilators so that a constant current
of pure warm air may be drawn through the compartments and never allowed to
remain therein, long enough to become vitiated.
We may circulate the heated air by pipes around the compartments before finally
discharging it into same.
The tubes bare preferably contracted at their outlet ends, as shewn at Fig. 3, to
prevent the too rapid escape of the products of combustion.
The mouth pieces of the air inlet are protected by gauze or its equivalent to
prevent the entrance of grit or other bodies.
In Fig. 5 the lower ends of the tubes bare in communication with an air inlet
chamber to which atmospheric air enters from the inlet while the burner or
lamp is situated in the casing a. This arrangement is just the reverse of that
before described, the pure air passing through the tubes b and the heated products of
combustion circulating around the tubes, the result being the same in both
cases.
In Fig. 4 the apparatus is constructed with the tubes arranged horizontally instead
of vertically.
In the burner or heating chamber c we may place asbestos balls, fire brick or other
refractory material which, when heated to incandescence by the lamp or stove, will.
materially add to the heat of same and will also serve to relight the burner or lamp
in the event of its being accidentally extinguished. If a lamp, burner, or stove is
not employed, we may supply steam to the heating chamber c and cause it to
circulate through the tubes b in the same way as, and in place of, the heated gases,
the steam being obtained from the exhaust of the engine or other source.
In Figs. 6 and 7, we shew the construction of apparatus, which we prefer to adapt
for road vehicles, and in which the air is heated by means of a lamp d in the heating
chamber c. Cold air first enters the apparatus at i aud circulates around the series
of tubes b, through which the products of combustion from lamp d pass to a
chamber e, and escape from thence through openings e¹ in the side thereof, to the
atmosphere.
The air heated by intimate contact with the hot tubes escapes through the
outlet to the underside of a perforated grating or register j¹ in the floor of the
vehicle and rising through the perforations therein, enters the interior of the vehicle,
which is thus supplied with a constant stream of pure warm air. Air is supplied to
chamber c to secure proper combustion through holes c¹, c².
The arrows on the several figures indicate the course of the waste gases and the
pure air, respectively, through the warming apparatus.
The apparatus set forth may be used for heating carriages or the like before they

page_text: start on a journey, and after starting, the same may be shut off, and the warm air
supplied from the illuminating lamp set forth in the before mentioned patent; or
both may supply warm air during the journey. As, however, a sufficient supply of
hot air can be obtained from the apparatus in connection with the illuminating lamp
when the carriage is in motion, the cost of an extra lamp or stove for continuous
heating is not requisite, and may, therefore, be turned off as soon as the stationary
carriage is thoroughly warmed and on the point of starting. Where the illuminating
lamps are not provided with air heating apparatus, the apparatus herein described
can be used continuously for warming the carriage.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is
Firstly. The combination and arrangement of parts comprising the apparatus for
beating pure atmospheric air, and supplying it in a constant current to the interiors
of the compartments of carriages or vehicles for warming same, substantially as
herein described with reference to, and shewn in Figs. 1 to 5.
Secondly. The combination and arrangement of parts comprising the apparatus for
heating atmospheric air, and supplying it in a constant current to the interiors of
road vehicles, substantially as described with reference to, and shewn in, Figs. 6
and 7.
Dated this 10th day of October 1808
TASKER & CROSSLEY,
Patent Agents, Huddersfield, Agents for Applicants.