INVENTED MARINE TIME-KEEPER FOR THE BETTER ASCERTAINING THE LONGITUDE AT SEA
Year: 1796

page_text: TO ALL PEOPLE TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
CHARLES HALEY, of Wigmore Street, Cavendish Square, in the County of
Middlesex, Watchmaker, send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third, by His
Letters Patent under His Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Seventeenth day of August, in the thirty-sixth year of His reign,
did grant unto me, my executors, administrators, and assigns, His said
Majesty's especial licence, full power, sole priviledge and authority, that I,
the said Charles Haley, my executors, administrators, and assigns, and every
of them, by myself and themselves, or by mine and their deputy or deputies,
servants or agents, or such others as I, the said Charles Haley, my executors,
administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter, during the term of years therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend my
INVENTED MARINE TIME-KEEPER FOR THE BETTER ASCERTAINING THE LONGITUDE
AT SEA," within that part of His Majesty's Kingdom of Great Britain called
England, His Dominion of Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, in such
manner as to me, the said Charles Haley, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or any of them, should in their discretions seem meet, and that I, the

page_text: said Charles Haley, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should and
lawfully might have and enjoy the whole profit, benefit, commodity, and
advantage from time to time coming, growing, accruing, and arising by reason
of the said Invention, for and during the term of years therein mentioned; to
have, hold, exercise, and enjoy the said licence, powers, priviledges, and ad-
vantages therein-before granted or mentioned to be granted unto me, the said
Charles Haley, my executors, administrators, and assigns, for and during and
unto the full end and term of fourteen years from the date thereof next and
immediately ensuing and fully to be compleat and ended, according to the
Statute in such case made and provided; in which said recited Letters Patent
is contained a proviso, that if I, the said Charles Haley, should not particu-
larly describe and ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, by an instrument in writing under my
hand and seal, and cause the same to be inrolled in His Majesty's High
Court of Chancery within one calendar month next and immediately after the
date thereof, that then the said recited Letters Patent and all liberties and
advantages whatsoever thereby granted, should utterly cease, deterinine, and
become void, any thing therein-before contained to the contrary thereof in any-
wise notwithstanding, as in and by the said in part recited Letters Patent,
relation being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Hale, do hereby declare my
said Invention, and declare that the same is of the description and par-
ticulars, and to be performed in the manner, as will more fully and at large
appear by the Plan hereto annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Haley, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Sixteenth day of September, in the thirty-sixth year
of the reign of our Sovereign Lord George the Third, by the grace of
God, of Great Britain, France, and Ireland King, Defender of the
Faith, and so forth, and in the year of our Lord One thousand seven
hundred and ninety-six.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the same Sixteenth day of Sep-
tember, in the year above mentioned, the aforesaid Charles Haley came
before our Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specifi-
cation aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained, in form above
written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the
tenor of the Statute in that case made and provided.
Inrolled the same Sixteenth day of September, in the year above written.

page_text: The
utility of this Invention is to communicate to the Ballance, un invariable and equall force notwithstanding
Wheels by which the motion is generally owned and mis is effected in the most simple, and perfect manner, by means of an intermediate Agent or Spring;
with a new apparatus placed between the ballance Wheel and ballance, which is wound up 150 times in a minute, by the common anovement; and as, in a Team
₤ 9,000 beats pr hour, there are also 150 beats pr minicle, just so often will the Bullance be impelled by the renovating spring - but this matter will be
arheularly described hereafter
1
• immediately connected with this new Invention; the same letters of refference are
Figure 1. and 2, represent the principal parts of the movement that are more..
on
nut to both so that in reading the description, the eye may be directed from the one, to the other :
A. B. is the pottance plate and I the ballance, the pivits of whose verge or axis P. X. are run into the Cock C, and pottunce D. Above the ballance I.
is fixed
a pendelum Spring S in the usual way by pining the upper end of the Spring to a piece screwed upon the ballance Cock and the lower end of it
to a piece which is twisted on the axis of the verge immediately above the balance. Below the ballance and on the axis of the verge (which is a small solid
the axis of the verge so as to be set in any position, and each has a ruby pallet paced
zylinder) are placed two small steel collets I and II these collets turn stiffly
"It is therefore obvious, that if the
in the Collet and standing a little way beyond their surfaces. We call I, the discharging pallet, and K the impelled one.
ballance be made to vibrate ever so little the pendelum Spring S, and pallets I and K will citrate too and fro along with it. E is the ballance wheel of the
usual form, which is run first free of the upper surface of the pottance plate; its under pivit is run into a Cock F' scuned on the same side of the pottance
plate; and its lower pivit into a Cock G scieived on the lower side of the same plate W. V is the axis of the new invented renovating Spring I and ets
apparutus, the axis is a small solid cylinder and its upper pivit is let into a Cock; I screwed on the pottance plate, and its lower puvit V into another Cock D, which
is screwed on the under side of that plate: This axis is placed directly between the ballance wheel and verge consequently the axis of the ballance or verge
P.I. the axis of the renovating Spring W. V. and balance wheel E, have their centers all placed in the same righ line 1. B. (see figure 2).
On the axis of the renovating Spring and in the same plane with the ballane wheel E, is stopped the round steel pallet M it is just so large as to turn
round without touching the points of the teeth of the ballance wheel at N° 1 and 2 (see fique 2). There is a notch cut in this round pallet so that the
moving wow porn forvetis quising to the tip of
proving
of the wheel
the tooth 10
"" by the "Gooth," "ex by the wheel acting into it - On the upper side and close to this round pallet is twisted a steel pallet N in form of
a snail. This new contrivance, may be called the Snail pallet. There is a small clove-tail cut in this pallet near the center into which is fixed a small
ruby pallet it points directly to the face of the notch of the round pallet M, or to the tip of the tooth of the ballance wheel I . Above this Snail pallet is
twistect a Collet 0 (see figure 1) to which the lower end of the Helical Renovating Spring R, is pinned, and the upper and is attached to a piece which is scrived
upon the Cock II near W. On the same axis of the renovating Spring, but on the lower side of the pottance plate is twisted the pallet I, it may be
called the impelling pallet because, when the renovating Spring is discharged, it communicates that motion to the ballance, by striking upon the pallet K which is
placed upon its arbour - It is necessary to observe that the renovating Spring with its Collet 0. The Snail N with its small ruby pallet. The round pallet M, and impelling
pullet I being all attached to the same axis W.V. will all move buckward and forward together with the same velocity and keeping the same distance assunder-
In figure 2; a, is a detent Spring fustend on the upper side of the pottance plate, by a screw and steady pin, π, this spring points directly
n, this spring points directly to the verge (that is
the center of the verge,) and approaches very near it. The breadth and height of it above the surface of the pottance plate is represented at figure 3 which is equal to the hight of
the discharging pallet I, above that plate.-
r
the lowes
'
and aching face
Upon the side of the Spring a, neat the balance wheel, is fastened a very tender Spring m. by means of two pins near a, this Spring projects a little way beyond the end of
the other, and is therefore nearer to the center of the verge, there is also fixed near the end of the Stronger Spring a ruby pullet r.
The con v re verven upon we promene une the tule ut i is taped to admit the thread of the adjusting Screw c its head being placed towards the center
of the Snail, and the raty of the detent Spring a is made to bank against the inside head of this adjusting screw and bearing with a small degree of
elasticity
This adpisting Screw C; is purposely put at some distance from its place, and connected by a dotted line; because it would cover the small auby pallet & ;
of the Snail and thereby prevent their action from being seen...
When the snail pallet N is brought from the buillance wheel E toward the verge, the renovating Spring is wound up, but when it moves from the position, it hasin
Figure 2, towards the Ballance wheel Es it is let down When the Renovating Spring is wound up the inclined or rounded off part of the Snail acting
part of the back of the ruby pallet- & and thereby pressing the detent Spring a, and ruby pallet outwards, or from the ballance whed until it passes over it, when the detent-
Spring returning to its former place, the snail is prevented from returning, and therefore the Renovating Spring remains suspended in a state of tension If the discharging
pallet I or the axis of the verge is moved from its present position to the other side of the detent spring a it will lift the delicate Spring m untill it pass in the other.
side of it but without affecting the detent Spring a ; which is banked upon the head of the adjusting Screw; But when the dischargingpallet returns to its point of rest it will
carry
both springs with it, and when the ruby r is lifted beyond the reach of the Snail, the renovating Spring will be discharged and move with considerable velocity towards
the ballance wheel. _
1 and 2
may
be
is
an
on the inclined
There is also placed on the other side of the ballance wheel E another detent Spring D but without any other spring attached to it, nor does the fullet which lifts it ever pass
on that side which is opposite to the wheel E it is screwed on the upper sourface of the pottance plake and points directly to the Center of the dais of the the Smail, which
it almost touches. The hight of this detent Spring above the surface of the plate is shown in figure 4, s, is a saphire pallet which is set into it, and the Gooth of the ballance
wheel 3 is represented as
resting upon it,
Y.
•adjusting screw which moves the detent spring it neaver or further from the verge, so that the teeth of the ballance wheel
equally free of the round pallet M._
The ballance wheel I moves in the direction of the accow Z and therefore will extend the Spring d, when locked upon it e is a Cock, and f an adpisting Screw which is
screwed into the end of the Cock, e, with its head towards the center of the balling wheel E on which the Saphire pallet, &, Banks in the very same manner that the
detent spring, a, banks upon the adpisting Screw, c, already described, g, is a small cock or stud, in which there is an adjusting Secuw, to Bank the detent spring it, when it
is lifted from the ballance wheel outward. Let any force move the ballance wheel in the direction of the arrow Z then when the small ruby pallet near the center
of
the snail facing the tip of the tooth 1 comes to strike the detent spring d, the saphire pallet, s, will then be lifted beyond the tooth & so that the wheel
escape, but the face of the round pallet will be brought into a position pointing to the Tooth I at that instant the ballance wheel will shike on the face of the round
pouûr, and carry it back uyun ied, werve nder stuur post sever pourront and the ref
thereby wird up the Perovating Aving.
T
may
a Tram
Here it is plain that the force of the ham must be sufficient to wind up the henovating Spring; the Strength of which muy be increased or diminished at pleasure.
Having considered the action of the principal parts of the Escapement seperately it now remains to describe the operation of the whole together when the ballance is at
Rest and the renovating Spring wound up the whole will appear ready for action as in figure 2 we must also imagine the ballance wheel to seven round in the direction of
the Dart Z and that it is pressing against the Saphires of the detent Spring, d, with a force equal to what remains of the main spring after passing through
of Wheels and we are further to suppose: the force of the ballance wheel renovating Spring and weight of ballance adpisted to onenother. If in this situation the ballana
and its spring is made to vibrate, so that the discharging pallet I on its axis passes on the other side of the detent Spring, a, by lifting the tender Spring along
with it until it drops, but when the discharging pallet returns., it lifts both springs of the detant a, the ruby + being carried beyond the reach of the snail pallet, the
Renovating Spring is discharged and mimediately the impelling pallet I fixed on its axis strikes on the pallet I of the axis of the Verge and carrying with it the ballance
with its pendelum Spring untill such time as the pallet I has carried the pallet II as far on the other side of the line 1.B. which joins the centers and is just ready
to quit it during this Time, the hound pallet, Snail and other apparatus belonging to the renovating Spring are perfectly detached from the ballance wheel : But
presently after the Two pallets I and I have left one another, the small ruby pallet near the center of the Snail has advanced to discharge the detent Spring D, and the
acting face or notch of the round pallet, will point to the tooth 2, but the saphire pallet s of the detent spring a being lifted beyond the reach of the tooth I
the tooth 2 of the ballance wheel drops on the face of the round pallet and returns it back to its former position and winds up the renovating Spring. In the
mean time the balland from the impulse it has received continues to vibrate above a Semicircle, more or less at pleasure, from the point of rest; on returning
back, it will pass the point of rest, and anove the tender spring without meeting any obstacle in the way for the impelling pallet I was at the same
moment of renovating the Spring shifted back to its proper peace. The ballance now retums back, discharges the Renovating Spring which impells the or
ballance and is again renovated by the Train and thus the motion is continued.
Although we have made choice of a train of 9,000 Beats p: hour; it is left to the discretion of the artist to fix upon a quicker or slower hain. The
Tune keeper may be made to go 30 hours, 50 hours or a week without winding. The Renovating Spring may be a Spiral having all its Coils in the sam
plane or in the surface of a Cone or Cylinder, and may be made of steel, gold platina V. And the principle of renovation may be applied several
ways - Instead of the detents acting as Springs, they may be made to move on pivits, and may be placed either above the pottance plate or below it