Improvements in Electric Cars.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 29th Aug., 1893-Accepted, 16th Dec., 1893
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Electric Cars.
We, ERNST EGGER, Electrical Engineer, of 134 East 58th Street, New York,
State of New York, FERDINAND AUGUST WESSEL, Electrical Engineer care
of Eickemeyer and Osterheld Manufacturing Company Yonkers, in the County
of Westchester, State of New York, and AARON NAUMBURG, Merchant, of
126 Bleecker Street, New York, in the County and State of New York, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
Our invention herein described relates to the construction of the different parts
of an electric car.
The object of the invention is to produce such a combination of elements as to
effect a car improved in all respects in our judgment over those at present in use.
Therefore we produce an electric car, which runs at a smaller consumption of
current, which also rides with less jarring and has a lighter weight than the present
ones. At the same time the operating of our cars will be greatly simplified,
whereby the safety is increased. The first point, i.e. the saving of current is
realized by the use of a constant speed motor in connection with a variable gear.
The easier riding of the car is attained by reducing the friction of the axle box
guides, and by utilizing a flexible gear, to connect the motor to the car wheels. As
we are using a belt or rope transmission, our invention comprises means whereby
the slipping is avoided. To insure a safe insulation of our armatures, a special
method of making the teeth is provided.
Figure 1 is an elevation of an electric car partly in section and showing the
constant speed electric motor and some of the mechanism between the same and the
wheels. This figure shows particularly the relative location of the motor and
the seats, and indicates the location of the conical pulleys and driving belts.
It
Figure 2 shows the mechanism on a small scale and in mere outlines between the
handle on the platform of the car and the cranks for operating the belt shifter.
shows the location of the circuit controller and the whole is an elevation.
Figure 3 is a plan view of some details shown in Figure 2.
Figures 4, 5, 6 are views in different directions of the conical pulleys, the belt,
Parts are broken
thereon, the belt shifter, the cranks for operating the same.
away here and there, some parts are in section, and dotted lines assist in showing
what is behind another part or different phases of some of the movable parts.
Figure 7 is a diagram of the electric features and circuits.
Figure 8 is a plan of Figure 1 on a larger scale, showing the driving parts of the
car and certain parts being omitted.
Figure 9 is a front elevation of a belt tightener which it is necessary to use
between the pulleys 7, 71 and 71, 7¹¹¹.
Figure 10 is a plan of that shown in Figure 9, except that some of the parts are
partly broken away or entirely omitted.
Figure 11 is a similar view to Figure 9 of a modification.
Figure 12, is an end view of an armature which we use in the electric car.
Wires are in section and portions of the armature are omitted to exhibit clearly the
exact nature of the construction.
Figure 13 is an end view on a larger scale of one of the detail elements of that
shown in Figure 12.
Figures 14 and 15 are side elevations of different styles of armature core showing
one of the grooves hereinafter explained.
Figure 134 is a modification of that in Figure 13.

page_text: Figure 16 is a perspective view of a ring armature to show a modification.
As to that part of our invention which relates to the electrical and mechanical
mechanism the same consists of the combination with the rotary shaft 1, of a
constant speed electric motor 2, in this particular case a direct current shunt motor;
of a conical pulley 3, on said shaft; a tight conical pulley 4 and a loose conical
pulley 41 forming together one cone on the shaft 5; a driving belt 6 shown in both
extreme positions, connecting the pulleys 3 and 4'; pulleys 7 and 7' on the shaft 5 ;
and pulleys 7 and 7 on the car wheel axles 8; a driving belt 9 connecting the
pulleys 7 and 7"; and a driving belt 91 connecting the pulleys 71 and 7¹¹¹; a rotary
rod 10, having cranks 11 passing under the car, and geared to a handle 12, on the
platform 13; a guide bar 14 arranged between the pulleys and parallel with the
axes thereof; a slide 15 movable on said bar, connecting rods 16, pivotted to said
slide and said cranks; levers 17, connected by a spring 18, and pivoted on the
slide 15; and carrying rollers 19, which bear against the belt 6, in such a direction
as to tighten the same by the action of the said spring; a circuit controller 20,
geared to the rod 10, and other details as hereinafter explained. 45 and 45' are
brake wheels.
The levers 17, carry not only the rollers 19, but also projecting arms 171, forming
forks between whose tines or arms is the belt 6. The axis of the cone 3 is parallel
to those of 4 and 4', and to the car wheel axles, and the cones or conical pulleys
are opposite each other, and so arranged that the small end of either faces the large
end of the latter. When the belt is at the large end of the pulley 3, it is at the
small end of the pulley 4, and when the belt is on the small end of the pulley 3, it
is on the loose pulley 4' so that the motor is running idle, without moving the car.
The spring 18, serves to maintain the belt taut for apparent reasons and purposes.
The handle 12, is in its zero position when upright as seen in Figure 2. Referring
to Figure 5, it may be observed that the zero position of the cranks 11 is hori
zontal, and that, whether the same are turned downward or upward, the belt
becomes shifted from one end of the conical pulleys to the other, as indicated by
the dotted lines 11 and 16¹ indicating the new positions respectively of the crank 11,
and rods 16. The slide 15 consequently is adjustable along the guide 14. The
upright handle 12 projects from the bevel gear sectional wheel 21, which gears
with the bevel wheel 22, on the shaft 23. At the lower end of the shaft 23, is a
pair of wheels 24, respectively on said shaft 23 and the crank rod 10. When the
rod 12, is pulled to either side, the belt 6, is shifted along the pulleys 3 and 4.
The motor 2, extends into the car body, and seats 25, are built over the same to
economize space.
The bevel wheels at the circuit controller 20, operate the said controller to
start the car, to stop it, to regulate it to different speeds and to apply and
release the brake, the whole being accomplished by the mere movement of the
handle 12, in one or the other direction. This is fully explained as follows:-
The horizontal bevel wheel is on the shaft 20' seen in Figures 6 and 7. In
virtue of the mechanism, when the handle 12, is pushed one way, the shaft 20',
turns in a certain direction, and when the handle 12, is moved in the other
direction, the shaft 20¹, moves in the opposite direction from that first named.
In describing the diagram in Figure 7, the shaft 20¹, may therefore be taken
as the starting point. It is screwed to the insulator 26, whose ends carry con-
ductors 27, 28, which as shown in full lines are in their zero position;-.e. with
the electric motor in open circuit. The center lines of the insulator 26 in its
extreme position in both direction are shown by the dotted lines. 46 and 46.
In the path of the conductors 27, 28, are arc shaped conductors, arranged in
three separated paths. The conductors 29, 30 form the two poles of the main
line. They are each in pairs connected by wires 30", 31, passing under the
conductors 27, 28, without touching the same. The conductors 27, 28, do not
touch the conductors 29, 30, except when turned to the right or left. On
opposite sides of the conductor 28, are members of pairs of short arc shaped
conductors 31, 31, 32, 321, 33, 33¹, &c., which are connected in pairs by con-

page_text: There are
ductors 1, 2, 31, &c., which are in turn connected by resistances 49, except the
conductors 8 and 9', which are connected by means of the wire 48, brake
magnet 43 and the wire 47.
are shaped conductors 40 and 41, on
opposite sides of the insulator 26. The ends of conductor 40, are divided up
into insulated sections 40', connected by a conductor 42, and sections 40¹¹, con-
nected by a conductor 42'. The terminals of the armature 42", of the car motor
are connected to the conductors 40, 41, respectively. The field magnet 42111
terminals of the same motor are connected to the conductors 29 and to the wire 47
respectively, which connects it with the conductors 39, 39'.
The
To start the motor in one direction, the shaft 20' is turned slightly to the left,
so that the conductors 27, 28 are in contact with the first conductors met.
current from the main line, therefore, may be followed from and through con-
ductors 29, 27, 41, armature 42", conductor 40, resistances 44 (which connects
conductors 40 and 42 and 42¹) 421, 40, 28 and finally to the opposite pole con-
ductor 30 of the main line. The armature is thereby thrown into the main line.
The field magnet is thrown in the following outlined circuit:-
From the conductor 29, field magnet 421, wire 47, wire 91, conductor 39, 28
and 30, which last is the opposite pole of the main line. No resistance nor the
brake magnet is now in the field circuit. This will start the motor, which will
drive now the loose pulley only, because the crank 11 is still near the dead center
and therefore moving the connecting rod 16 and the belt shifter 15 but very little.
The reason of this is that the one rod 10 operates both the circuit controller and
the belt shifter. At the same time the brake remains on the wheels, because no
current energizes the brake magnet 43.
If the insulator 26 is moved further, until the conductor 28 connects the con-
ductors 30 and 38, the following change in the field circuit will happen. The
current will pass from the conductor 29 through field magnet 42111, brake magnet 43,
wire 48, wire 8¹, conductor 38, 28, and 30, which last is the opposite pole of the
main line, as before. This action throws in, as seen, brake magnet 43 in circuit,
which will release the brakes. In this position the belt remains still on the loose
pulley. If now the insulator 26 is moved further, the belt 6 also will move on
the tight pulley 4 and therefore start the car, which will run then at its lowest
speed.
When the conductors 27 and 28 reach their furtherest position as shown dotted, it
may be noticed that all the resistances 49 are included in circuit with the field
By this means the
magnet, and the motor is running then at maximum speed.
motor is running at a fixed constant speed for every position of the insulator 26.
Conjointly with this electrical regulation, the belt 6, has moved to the opposite
ends of the pulleys 3, 4, whereby the car is propelled at the maximum speed with
the constant speed motor. What has been explained about the limits of maximum
and minimum speed is true between the limits; i.e. as more and more resistance is
included in the field magnet circuit the belt 6, is more and more shifted to increase
the speed of the car.
To stop the car for short intervals, for instance, for taking up passengers, it is
sufficient, to shift the belt 6 on the loose pulley 4'. If it is necessary, as for
instance, going down hill, the rod 12 may be moved still nearer to the zero position,
until conductor 28 is on conductor 39, whereby the brake magnet 43 is brought
out of circuit and the brake works. To stop the motor the handle 12 is put
vertical and the conductors 27, 28 move to their zero position. By an opposite
motion, the motor is reversed and the car moves in the opposite direction, because
the current then passes from the conductor 29, to conductors 27, 40, 42, 44, 40,
armature 42, conductors 41, 28, and 30. The conductors 44 are preferably
resistances so that when the motor is first started there may be resistance in circuit
with the armature 4211.
The belt tightener embodying our invention and shown in Figures 9, 10 and 11,
is necessary to be used on the belt 9 between pulleys 7 and 7" and on the
belt 911 between the pulleys 71 and 7", consists of the combination with pulleys a, b,

page_text: The
corresponding to 7, 71, 7¹¹, 7¹¹¹, in Figures 1 and 8, and with a driving belt c
corresponding to 9 and 9" in Figure 1, located upon and connecting said pulleys of
bent levers d, e, pivoted upon stationary pins d, e, located between said pulleys
rollers ff, carried upon arms of the lever d, and rollers g, g¹ carried on the arms
of the lever e, all the rollers bearing upon the belt in the following manner.
rollers,, are located upon the outside of the belt and are so close together that
the belt is in contact with much more of the periphery of the pulley a, than if said
roller were omitted. The same statement is true about the rollers g, g' with regard
to the pulley b. If the pulleys are not rotating the belt is practically without
tension. Suppose the pulley a is rotated ;-the direction of the arrow h, the lower
part of the belt is brought under tension, pressing the pulley rollers g' and f
outward; consequently, the pulley rollers ƒ and g move toward the pulleys a and b
pressing the belt c close on the pulleys and producing pressure and friction between
the latter and the belt. As the tension of the lower part of the belt increases or
decreases the pressure and friction will also vary correspondingly. Therefore, the
frictional loss will increase or decrease proportionally with the amount of power
to be transmitted. m is an adjustable weight to counterbalance the weight of the
arms d and e, and rollers f, f¹ and g, g¹.
The pivots d', e of the levers d, e, are preferably parallel to the axes of the
pulleys and lie in the plan which coincides with said axes, in suitable places of
the levers 50.
In the modification shown in Figure 11, the rollers f, f¹ and g, g¹ are connected
by bars and e" which are suspended by flexible cords n passing over guide
pulleys p and counterbalanced by weights m. Guides retain the bars d" and el
in their proper position.
The operation is substantially the same. When the lower or taut portion of the
belt varies in tension the weights move accordingly in such a manner that the
friction of the belt c upon the pulleys a, b, varies in proportion to the tension of
the taut portion of the belt.
The armature embodying the invention consists of the combination of either a
solid core A as in Fig. 14, or of a laminated core A' as in Figure 15, provided on
the periphery with longitudinal grooves B, only one of which is shown in Figure 15,
and many of which are shown in Figure 12, the said groove being parallel to the
shaft C, corresponding to 1 in Figs. 1 and 8, and arranged at distances around a
whole cylinder; sheet iron plates D covered all around with insulation E to prevent
Foucault currents, and fitting tightly in the said grooves, and projecting therefrom
radially and projecting at the ends as illustrated in Figure 14; electric conductors
wound on the core between the said plates D and a binding insulating sheet G, as
for example cloth or micanite, wound circularly upon the outer ends of the plates D
and against the wires F, as usually.
0
In Figure 16 is shown a ring armature core, having grooves in the sides, instead
of on the cylindrical surface, and plates D' fitting in said grooves. The plates
radiate from the center of the ring.
In Figure 13 the insulation is omitted at the outer portion or end E' to save gap
between field magnet and core. The plates in each case are preferably laminated
plates.
An advantage connected with this invention is due to the fact that the plates D
or D' between the wires F are insulated; a feature not occurring in armature of
ordinary construction.
It is important to notice that the car axles 8 are supported upon levers 50 upon
opposite sides of the car, and these levers or arms are pivoted from a point or points
between the axles; that springs 51 are inserted between the arms or levers and the
truck or car body. The stiff spring plates 52 connect opposite levers 50 as ties.
By this construction passengers in the car ride more comfortably and the truck as
a whole has more lasting qualities. These pivots may be called hinges. The
levers may have two arms, and may be said to be pivoted to the posts suspended
from the frame of the car or truck,

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. In an electric car the combination with a constant speed electric motor and
with the wheels of an electric car, of conical pulleys respectively therefor connected
by a driving belt, and means for tightening and shifting the belt along the lengths
of said pulleys.
2. In an electric car the combination with a constant speed electric motor and
with the wheels of an electric car, of conical pulleys respectively therefor connected
by a driving belt, and means for tightening and shifting the belt along the lengths
of said pulleys said means consisting of a slide movable along a guide bar, levers
pivoted to said slide and carrying rollers which bear upon said belt, a spring
connecting the levers, a handle and gearing connecting the handle to the slide."
3. In an electric car, the combination with a constant speed electric motor and
with the wheels of an electric car, of conical pulleys respectively therefor connected
by a driving belt, a belt shifter for tightening and shifting the belt along the
lengths of said pulleys, a circuit controller, and means for operating, simultaneously,
the said belt shifter and said circuit controller.
4. In an electric car, the combination with a constant speed electric motor and
with the wheels of an electric car of conical pulleys respectively therefor connected
by a driving belt, a belt shifter for tightening and shifting the belt, along the
lengths of the said pulleys, a circuit controller, and means for operating, simul-
taneously, the said belt shifter and said circuit controller, said means consisting of
a handle, on the platform of the car, a shaft extending under the car having cranks,
and geared to said handle, pivoted rods connecting said cranks to said belt shifter
and gearing connecting said shaft to said circuit controller.
5. In an electric car, the combination with a constant speed electric motor and
with the wheels of an electric car, of couical pulleys respectively therefor connected
by a driving belt, a belt shifter for tightening and shifting the belt along the
lengths of said pulleys, a circuit controller, and means for operating, simultaneously,
the said belt shifter and the said circuit controller, said means consisting of a
handle, on the platform of the car, a shaft extending under the car having cranks,
and geared to said handle, pivoted rods connecting said cranks to said belt shifter,
and gearing connecting said shaft to said circuit controller said circuit controller
consisting of means for including more and more resistance in circuit with the field
magnet of the motor, when said handle is turned further and further in either
direction, and for reversing the motor when said handle is turned in opposite
directions.
6. In an electric car, the combination with an electric motor having a conical
pulley and with a car having a conical pulley arranged parallel to the first, of a
belt connecting the pulleys, a belt shifter for the belt, a swinging handle on the
platform of the car carrying a bevel gear, an upright shaft carrying a bevel gear
which gears with the first gear, a horizontal shaft gearing with the upright shaft,
cranks belonging to the horizontal shaft and having pivoted rods, a slide connecting
said rods, and carrying said belt shifter and a guide bar upon which the slide is
movable.
7. In an electric car, the combination with an electric motor having a conical
pulley and with a car having a conical pulley arranged parallel to the first, of a
belt connecting the pulleys, a belt shifter for the belt, a swinging handle on the
platform of the car carrying a bevel gear, an upright shaft carrying a bevel gear
which gears with the first gear, a horizontal shaft, gearing with the upright shaft,
cranks belonging to the horizontal shaft, and having pivoted rods, a slide connecting
said rods, and carrying said belt shifter, and a guide bar upon which the slide is
movable, and a circuit controller in circuit with said motor .and geared to said
horizontal shaft, for the purpose as set forth of throwing more and more resistance
into the circuit with the field magnet of the motor as the belt shifter is thrown

page_text: further and further along the pulleys by the mere operation of the said swinging
handle.
8. In an electric car, the combination with a constant speed electric motor and
with the wheels of an electric car, of conical pulleys respectively therefor connected
by a driving belt, and means for tightening and shifting the belt along the lengths
of said pulleys and a loose pulley at the end of one of said conical pulleys.
9. In an electric car, the combination with a constant speed electric motor and
with the wheels of an electric car, of conical pulleys respectively therefor connected
by a driving belt, and means for tightening and shifting the belt along the lengths
of said pulleys, said means consisting of a slide movable along a guide bar, levers
pivoted to said slide and carrying rollers which bear upon said belt, a spring
connecting the levers, a handle and gearing connecting the handle to the slide, and
a loose pulley at the end of one of the said conical pulleys.
10. In an electric car, the combination with a constant speed electric motor and
with the wheels of an electric car, of conical pulleys respectively therefor connected
by a driving belt, a belt shifter for tightening and shifting the belt along the
lengths of said pulleys, a circuit controller, and means for operating, simultaneously,
the said belt shifter and the said circuit controller, and a loose pulley at the end of
one of the said conical pulleys.
11. In an electric car, the combination with a constant speed electric motor and
with the wheels of an electric car, of conical pulleys respectively therefor connected
-by a driving belt, a belt shifter for tightening and shifting the belt along the
lengths of said pulleys, a circuit controller, and means for operating simultaneously,
the said belt shifter and the said circuit controller, said means consisting of a
handle, on the platform of the car, a shaft extending under the car having cranks,
and geared to said handle, pivoted rods connecting said cranks to said belt shifter,
and gearing connecting said shaft to said circuit controller, and a loose pulley at
the end of one of said conical pulleys.
12. In an electric car, the combination with a constant speed electric motor and
with the wheels of an electric car, of conical pulleys respectively therefor connected
by a driving belt, a belt shifter for tightening and shifting the belt along the
lengths of said pulleys, a circuit controller, and means for operating, simultaneously,
the said belt shifter and the said circuit controller, said means consisting of a
handle on the platform of the car, a shaft extending under the car having cranks,
and geared to said handle, pivoted rods connecting said cranks to said belt shifter,
and gearing connecting said shaft to said circuit controller, said circuit controller
consisting of means for including more and more resistance in circuit with the field
magnet of the motor, when said handle is turned further and further in either
direction, and for reversing the motor when said handle is turned in opposite
directions, and a loose pulley at the end of one of said conical pulleys.
13. In an electric car, the combination with a constant speed electric motor and
with the wheels of an electric car, of conical pulleys respectively therefor
connected by a driving belt, a belt shifter for tightening and shifting the belt along
the lengths of said pulleys, a circuit controller, and means for operating,
simultaneously, the said belt shifter and the said circuit controller, said means
consisting of a handle on the platform of the car, a shaft extending under the car
having cranks, and geared to said handle, pivoted rods connecting said cranks to
said belt shifter and gearing connecting said shaft to said circuit controller, said
circuit controller consisting of means for including more and more resistance in
circuit with the field magnet of the motor, when said handle is turned further and
further in either direction, and for reversing the motor when said handle is
turned in opposite directions, a brake magnet in circuit with said circuit controller,
and with the field magnet of said motor, and a loose pulley at the end of one of
said conical pulleys.
14. In an electric car, the combination with a constant speed electric motor and
with the wheels of an electric car, of conical pulleys respectively therefor
connected by a driving belt, a belt shifter for tightening and shifting the belt along

page_text: the lengths of said pulleys, a circuit controller, and means for operating,
simultaneously, the said belt shifter and the said circuit controller, said means
consisting of a handle, on the platform of the car, a shaft extending under the car
having cranks, and geared to said handle, pivoted rods connecting said cranks
to said belt shifter, and gearing connecting said shaft to said circuit controller,
said circuit controller consisting of means for including more and more resistance
in circuit with the field magnet of the motor, when said handle is turned further
and further in either direction, and for reversing the motor when said handle is
turned in opposite directions, a brake magnet in circuit with said controller, and
with the field magnet of said motor.
15. In an electric car, the combination with an electric motor having a conical
pulley and with a car having a conical pulley and a loose pulley arranged parallel
to the first, of a belt connecting the pulleys a belt shifter for the belt, a swinging
handle on the platform of the car carrying a bevel gear, an upright shaft carrying
a bevel gear which gears with the first gear, a horizontal shaft gearing with the
upright shaft, cranks belonging to the horizontal shaft, and having pivoted rods, a
slide connecting said rods, and carrying said belt shifter, and a guide bar upon
which the slide is movable.
16. In an electric car, the combination with an electric motor having a conical
pulley and with a car having a conical pulley and a loose pulley arranged parallel
to the first, of a belt connecting the pulleys a belt shifter for the belt, a swinging
handle on the platform of the car carrying a bevel gear, an upright shaft carrying
a hevel gear which gears with the first gear, a horizontal shaft gearing with the
upright shaft, cranks belonging to the horizontal shaft, and having pivoted rods, a
slide connecting said rods, and carrying said belt shifter, and a guide bar upon
which the slide is movable and a circuit controller in circuit with said motor and
geared to said horizontal shaft, for the purpose as set forth of throwing more and
more resistance into the circuit with the field magnet of the motor as the belt
shifter is thrown further and further along the pulleys by the mere operation of the
swinging handle.
17. In an electric car, the combination with pulleys and a driving belt connecting
the same, of means for increasing the pressure of the belt upon the pulleys in
proportion to the tension of the taut portion of the belt.
18. In an electric car, the combination with pulleys and a driving belt connecting
the same, of rollers pressing upon the belt on the opposite side from the pulleys,
levers connecting said rollers and pivots for said levers located in a plan which
coincides with the axes of said pulleys.
19. In an electric car, the combination with pulleys and with a belt connecting
the same, of bent levers d, e, carrying rollers which bear upon the sides of the
belt opposite to the pulleys and pivots for the levers located between said pulleys.
20. In an electric car, the combination with pulleys and a driving belt connecting
the same, of means for holding the belt in contact with a constant length of the
periphery of said pulleys, whereby the pressure on said pulleys is increased, as the
tension of the taut portion of the belt is increased.
21. In an electric car, an armature consisting of the combination of a core having
grooves, insulated plates fitting in said grooves, and conductors wound between the
plates and on the core.
22. In an electric car, an armature consisting of the combination of a cylindrical
core provided with grooves cut in the surface of the core, insulated plates fitting
in said grooves and projecting beyond the ends of the core, and wires around the
core and between said plates.
23. In an electric car, an armature consisting of the combination of a cylindrical
core provided with grooves cut in the surface of the core, insulated plates fitting
in said grooves and projecting beyond the ends of the core, and wires around the
core and between said plates, thereof parallel to the axis of the core.
24. In an electric car, an armature consisting of the combination of a cylinder
core provided with grooves cut in the surface of the core, insulated plates fitting in

page_text: said grooves, and wires around the core and between said plates thereof parallel to
the axis of the core.
25. In an electric car, the combination with a car truck frame and with the axles
of the car, of hinges held by said frame, levers connecting and rotary upon said
hinges, and springs connecting different arms of the levers with the said frame.
26. In an electric car, the combination with the frame of a car truck and with
the car wheel axle, of posts rigidly connected with and suspended from said frame,
Jugs projecting from said posts, and located substantially in the same horizontal
plane as said axles, levers pivoted both upon said lugs and upon said axles, and
springs at or near said axles and connecting the levers to said frame.
Dated this 29th day of June 1893
R. J. URQUHART,
57, Barton Arcade, Manchester, and 5, Clayton Square, Liverpool,
Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent.