IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF KNIVES AND FORKS, SPEAR POINTS, DAGGERS, AND BUCH LIKE INSTRUMENTS, AND THE MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Samuel Horrabin Greaves, of the Firm of
Francis Greaves and Sons, of Sheffield, in the County of York,
Merchants and Manufacturers, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF KNIVES AND FORKS, SPEAR POINTS, DAGGERS, AND
BUCH LIKE INSTRUMENTS, AND THE MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED
THEREIN."
NI
Sealed the 25th February 1870, and dated the 3rd September 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Samuel Horrabin
Greaves at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 3rd September 1869.
I, SAMUEL HORRABIN GREAVES, of the Firm of Francis Greaves
and Sons, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Merchants and Manufac-
turers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE.
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF KNIVES AND FORKS, SPEAR POINTS, DAGGERS,
AND SUCH LIKE INSTRUMENTS, AND IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED
THEREIN," to be as follows:-
-
The Invention relates, first, to giving form to the band or strip of
metal from which the articles are to be produced by rolling so as to
obtain a bevel towards the sides or edges thereof; and also a progressive

page_text: variation in the thickness of such band in the direction of its length, or
series of such variations of thickness corresponding with the variations
in thickness and bevel or edge required to the articles to be produced
therefrom. Also the cutting therefrom of two blades or moods in width
of such metal, the backs or thicker edges of the moods or blades being
towards the centre of the strip of metal. When more than one pair of
blades or moods are to be cut from the same portion of band of metal
the thicker ends of the successive blades are towards each other. For
this purpose the metal is first passed in a heated state between rolls,
which in place of being simply cylindrical on their surface are cut or
recessed to produce the desired bevel to it. First one and then the other
end of the band or strip is then passed between another pair of rollers,
one of which is eccentric so as to produce the desired variation in
thickness to such metal in the direction of its length. The metal so
rolled is then cut into the desired form for the blades or moods by beds
and punches.
My Invention relates, secondly, to the manufacture of detached
"bolsters" for knives, forks, and other similar articles. Detached
bolsters have heretofore been cast separately with the passage there-
through, opening one end into one part of the mould, and the other into
the other part of it.
My improvement consists in forming such bolsters by casting in sand
or other suitable moulds with the opening therethrough, and to receive
the end of the blade in a horizontal direction, or in a line between the
two moulds, sand or other suitable cores being laid between the parts of
the moulds to give internal form to the parts. By these means increased
facility is afforded for obtaining various ornamental effects to such
bolsters. Scale tangs, round tangs, and handles, or parts of each may
be cast with the bolsters, and in the case of forks the box for the spring
guard may be cast with the bolster with or without the tang. For
daggers and other instruments with "guards" to the handles thereof,
such guards may be cast with the tangs. When the tang or other
projection of the blade passes through the bolster into the tang or handle
it may be there held by rivetting, and a pin or pins passing through the
handle, or the scales of the handle and through such tang or projection.
In some cases I form the tang for the scale, or it may be the handle
with one part only of the bolster cast thereon, leaving an opening
therein sufficient to admit of the tang or other projection from the

page_text: placed sideways
of this bolster being formed separate, and being formed to slide into the
undercut portion of the opening, to be there held by pressure applied to
the parts, or by rivetting so as to complete the form of the bolster and
secure the blade.
The Invention also relates to forming the "boxes" for the spring
guards of carving forks separately. The boxes of the form desired are
appled by passing through a hole, and being there rivetted or otherwise
The Invention also relates to forming the "boxes" for the spring
guards of carving forks separately. The boxes of the form desired are
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Samuel Horrabin Greaves in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 3rd March 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, SAMUEL
HORRABIN GREAVES, of the Firm of Francis Greaves and Sons, of
Sheffield, in the County of York, Merchants and Manufacturers, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Third day of September, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-
third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Samuel Horrabin Greaves, Her special
licence that I, the said Samuel Horrabin Greaves, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Samuel Horrabin
Greaves, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF KNIVES AND FORKS, SPEAR POINTS
DAGGERS, AND SUCH LIKE INSTRUMENTS, AND IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED
THEREIN," upon the condition (amongst others) that 1, the said Samuel
Horrabin Greaves, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same

page_text: to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Samuel Horrabin Greaves, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say:-
The Invention relates, first, to giving form to the band or strip of
metal from which the articles are to be produced by rolling or squeezing
so as to obtain a bevel towards the sides or edges thereof, and also a
progressive variation in the thickness of such band in the direction of
its length, or to obtaining series of such variations of thickness cor-
responding with the variations in thickness and bevel or edge required
to the articles to be produced therefrom; also the cutting therefrom of
two blades or moods in the width of such metal, the backs or thicker
edges of the moods or blades being towards the centre of the strip of
metal. When more than one pair of blades or moods are to be cut from
the same portion of band or strip of metal the thicker ends of the
successive blades are towards each other. For this purpose the metal
is first passed in a heated state between rolls, which in place of being
simply cylindrical on their surface are cut or recessed to produce the
desired bevel to it. First one and then the other end of the band or
strip is then passed between another pair of rollers or rolls, one of which
is excentric so as to produce the desired variation in thickness to such
metal in the direction of its length. The metal having such form given
to it is then cut into the desired shape for the blades or moods by beds
and punches.
My Invention relates, secondly, to the manufacture of detached
"bolsters for knives, forks, and other similar articles. Detached
bolsters have heretofore been cast separately with the passage there-
through opening one end into one part of the mould, and the other into
the other part of it.
My improvement consists in forming such bolsters by casting in sand
moulds with the opening therethrough, and to receive the end of the
blade in a horizontal direction, or in a line between the two parts of the
mould, sand or other suitable cores, being laid between the parts of
the moulds to give internal form to the parts. By these means increased
facility is afforded for obtaining various ornamental effects to such
bolsters, Scale or other tangs and handles, or parts of sscale tangs and

page_text: handles may be cast with the bolsters, and in the case of carving forks
the "box" for the spring guard may be cast with the bolster, with or
without the tang. For daggers and other instruments with "guards"
to the handles thereof, such guards may be cast with the bolsters and
tangs. When the tang or other projection of the blade passes through
the bolster into the tang or handle it may be there held by rivetting,
and a pin or pins passing through the handle or the scales of the handle
and through such tang or projection. In some cases I form the tang
for the scale, or it may be the handle with one part only of the bolster
cast thereon, leaving an opening therein sufficient to admit of the tang
or other projection from the blade being placed sideways or flatways in
such opening, the other part of this bolster being formed separate, and
being formed to slide into the undercut portion of the opening, to be
there held by pressure applied to the parts, or by rivetting so as to
complete the form of the bolster and secure the blade.
"
The Invention also relates to forming the "boxes for the spring
guards of carving forks separately. The "boxes" of the form desired
are applied by passing through a hole, and being there rivetted or other-
wise secured to the stem of the fork, or by rivets or screws.
But that the Invention may be fully understood I will, by the aid of
the accompanying Drawings, proceed to describe means pursued by me
in carrying the same into effect.
•
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 shows a plan view of one form of plate of metal to obtain
therefrom two blades or moods, according to the first part of the Inven-
tion; Figure 2 represents either of the two opposite edge views;
Figure 3, a section through the middle in the direction of its length
from a to b; and Figures 4 and 5 two opposite end views of the same
piece of metal. I have not thought it necessary to shew the rollers or
rolls or squeezing means used in producing the variations in thickness
to the parts of the piece of metal, as such will readily be understood.
By reference to these Figures it will be seen that when rolled or
squeezed, as stated, the thickest portion of the metal is at a, and that
from that point it gradually becomes thinner to the two sides c, c, and
also from that point a to the parts b, c, c, d, d. The red lines e, e,
show the form of two blades or moods, which may be cut from such
formed piece of metal by beds and punches of the required shape.

page_text: Figures 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 show similar views to those last described
of another portion of metal similarly formed, but adapted to have
produced from it blades or moods with tangs e¹ thereto; Figure 11
shews a blade or mood produced from the piece of metal, Figures 1, 2,
3, 4, 5; and Figure 12 shows a blade or mood produced from the piece of
metal, Figures 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10. I have not thought it necessary to
show a piece of metal adapted to have four blades or moods cut from it.
as from what has already been shown and stated, this will be readily
understood, and the form or character of the blade or mood desired to
be obtained will be varied to the object for which it is intended to be
used or otherwise. I would also remark that it is not necessary that the
inclination or bevilling should be effected on both sides or surfaces of
the plates, strips, or bands, as one surface may be flat, and all the
bevilling desired effected on the other side or surface. By thus giving
form to the metal adapted to the variations required in the parts of the
finished blade, spear point, or mood in place of having to obtain such
variations by hammering or grinding, increased strength to the blade or
mood is obtained with economy of labour.
Figures 13 and 14 show two separate plan views of a mould in which
to cast bolsters without tangs according to the second part of the Inven-
tion; Figures 13 and 13* show the mould being formed of sand upon
the parts of the pattern or mould and core; Figure 14 shews the mould
with the pattern removed, and the parts of the .core alone remaining,
the mould being supposed to be ready for the pouring in of the metal to
form the bolster; Figure 15 is a section of Figure 14.
Figures 16, 17, 18, 19, and 20 represent various views of the pattern
bolster.
Figures 21, 22, 23, and 24 represent several view of one part of the
core.
Figures 25, 26, 27, and 28 represent various views of the other part
of the core.
The bolster obtained by casting in a sand mould by the aid
of this pattern or model and the cores is also represented by the drawing
of the pattern, Figures 16, 17, 18, 19, and 20. The part of the
portion of the core represented by Figures 21, 22, 23, and 24 is that
which partially rests in the sand mould and in part serves to form the
recess g¹ in the pattern or finished bolster g to receive that end of the
blade, whilst a portion f¹ of the stem serves to form the hole g³ through
the bolster for the passage of the stem or tang of the blade, and the

page_text: portion thereof to aid in supporting this portion of the core in the
sand mould. The part of the core represented by Figures 25, 26, 27,
and 28 is that which at the end h thereof serves to form the hollow or
recess in the bolster to receive the dovetailed inner ends k¹ of the
handle scales or handles, as the case may be.
Figures 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, and 38 shew similar views
of a mould and parts for forming it for casting a bolster with a scale
tang therewith, such as represented by Figures 33, 34, 35, and 36.
Figure 39 shews an edge view and Figure 40 a sectional edge view
of a blade with bolster g, scale tang i, and scales forming the
handle fitted complete; Figure 41 shows a side view of the same with one
of the scales removed; Figures 42 and 43 shew a side and an edge
view of one of the scales separately. The form however of the parts of
the mould, or of the pattern and of the core will be varied to the figure
or other consideration in relation to the kind of bolster to be produced,
and the scale or other tang to be employed. By these moulds being
formed with the division between the two parts thereof in a horizontal
direction great facility is obtained for securing the exact external and
internal form to the bolsters.
Figure 44 shews a side view, and Figure 45 an edge view of a hunting
knife drawn to a scale of half the real size, with "Dadley neck " l,
bolster g, and scale tang i thereto formed by casting as described in
respect of Figures 29 to 38.
Figure 46 shews another edge view of this knife in section; Figures
47, 48, 49, and 50 shew a side view, an edge view, an end view, and a
section of the "Dadley neck", bolster g, and scale tang i separately.
Figures 51, 52, and 53 show a side view, an edge view, and an edge
view, partly in section, of a dagger with the addition of a guard m, as
well as the "Dadley neck", bolster g, and scale tang i. The guard,
"Dadley neck," bolster, and scale tang are cast in horizontal moulds,
formed as described in respect of Figures 29 to 38; Figures 54, 55, 56,
and 57 show a side view, an edge view, an end view, and a sectional
edge view of the "Dadley neck", bolster g, guard m, and scale tang i;
in this case o, o, in various of the Figures, shew rivets passing through
the scales, scale tangs, and tang of the blades, and o¹, o', other rivets
passing through the scales and scale tangs for the more securely holding
of the parts together.

page_text: Figures 58 and 59 show a side and an edge view of a table knife,
and Figures 60 and 61 a side and an edge view of a table fork, the
bolsters g of which are cast with the open handle q in horizontal moulds,
such as already described. In these, as in other cases, the blades of the
knives, or the stems of the prongs, and the parts of the handle scales
or handles are held secure to the bolster, or their holding is aided by the
edges of the bolsters being caused to nip tightly on to the blades or to
the stems of the forks, or on to such parts k¹.
Figures 62 and 63 show two opposite side views, and Figure 64 an
edge view, and Figure 65 an end view of a scale tang, with only one
half or side of the bolster cast with it, the other portion of the bolster
being cast separately, as shewn by the two opposite side views, the edge
and the end views of one of such part bolsters at Figures 66, 67, 68,
and 69. In this case the blade r with its tang is placed in position
between the two projecting horns g³, g³, of that portion of the bolster g
which is cast with the scale tang i, and then the other part g' of the
bolster is placed over a portion of the end of the blade and of the blade
tang between the horns g³, g³, as shewn by Figure 70, when those horns
are hammered or pressed down so as to hold the parts firmly together,
as shown by Figure 71, and by dotted lines in Figure 65.
Figures 72 and 73 show a front and an edge view of a carving fork
with the "box thereof for the spring guard formed separately, and
then secured thereto by pinching or rivetting. Figures 74 and 75 show
an upper side view and an edge view; Figure 76 an under side view, and
Figures 77 and 78 two opposite end views of the "box" separately. In
this case, what may be called the bolster g is also formed with the box,
and the box is applied by the tangs of the fork being passed through
the hole t cast in this bolster portion of the box, when a part of the
stem of the fork will lie in the recess t¹, and the parts are made secure
together by the turning over of the edges of the groove or recess t¹ on
to the stem s³, one or more rivets u may also be used if desired, or the
'boxes" may be formed without the bolster part, and they may be held
to the fork by being passed through a suitable opening in the fork, and
there held by riveting or by widening or expanding the upper portion
of the "box" z, as shown by Figures 78", 78, or the "boxes" may be
secured to the fork by rivets or screws.

page_text: And, lastly. I claim the general adaptation or combination of means
for the manufacture of knives and forks, spear points, daggers, and such
like instruments, substantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Harrabin Greaves, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of
February, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and seventy.
SAMUEL HORRABIN GREAVES. (L.s.)