matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN DUPLEX AND OTHER HYDROCARBON BURNERS FOR OIL LAMPS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Fisher at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th May 1878.
WILLIAM EDWARD FISHER, of Bandsworth, in the County of Stafford, Manufac-
turer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN DUPLEX AND OTHER HYDROCARBON BURNERS FOR
OIL LAMPS."
My Invention relates to improvements in those kinds of burners for oil lamps
mentioned in the title.
In the ordinary duplex burner the wick winders are on one and the same side of
the burner, but in my improved burner I place the two winders one on each side of
the said burner, so that they may be opposite each other. This is found to be a
more convenient arrangement for raising the wicks when it is desired to increase
the light of the lamp.
Around the buttons which give motion to the said winders and on the outer edge
I provide any desired number of notches, or degrees, or figures, to represent a given
quantity, so arranged as to be at an equal distance from each other, and so that a
similar number or quantity may be represented on each button. So that when the
lamp is trimmed a corresponding notch or degree on both the said buttons is placed
opposite a given point or finger, and both wicks are then trimmed or cut down to
the level of the metal piece which constitutes the wick holder in the burner.
It will thus be understood that by aid of the said notches or figures on the buttons
both wicks may readily be raised to exactly the same height, and this without
removing the globe from the lamp.
The improvements next herein-atter described relate as well to duplex as to other
burners for oil lamps. I provide a suitable tube which goes through the burner into
the oil receptacle, the said tube having a covering of any desired kind. Through
this tube the oil can at pleasure be conveyed into the container or reservoir of the
lamp, without removing the burner from the lamp.
Burners constructed according to my Invention are also fitted with a small tube
through which a thin rod or wire is passed, and which is for the purpose of indi-
cating when the container or reservoir of the lamp is full or nearly full of oil. The
said thin rod or piece of wire is provided at its upper end with a knob or other

page_text: suitable projection, and at its lower end and within the container or reservoir
of the lamp it is fitted with a piece of cork or other light substance having similar
properties.
When the reservoir is nearly full of oil if causes the cork to float, and this in its
turn raises the said thin rod and its knob, and so indicates that the container is full
of oil and that no more must be poured into the said reservoir.
My improved extinguisher is constructed for the most part similar to those now
generally employed, except that it is actuated by a button and rod (similar to a
winding button), instead of by a lever as now generally used for the purpose.
MACHINE WITH COMBINED BORING APPARATUS.
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Phillips at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 7th November 1878.
JOHN PHILLIPS, of White Hart St., Kennington.
MACHINE WITH COMBINED BORING APPARATUS.'
"
"AN IMPROVED MORTICING
The object of my Invention is to produce a double acting morticing machine
capable of both morticing and driving out the core or debris through the operation
of one lever only, and to accomplish this I so make my machine and tools that the
chisel or morticing tool may be reversed with the core driver, and vice versa. I also
provide for fixing a revolving bit or borer acted on by the same lever for boring
the ends of mortices, &c., when necessary.
This Invention is applicable to steam or power driven as well as hand or treadle
worked morticing machines.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR REPRODUCING MUSICAL AND OTHER SOUNDS BY ELECTRICITY
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th January 1878. A com-
munication from abroad by Charles Louis Weyher, of Paris, France.
ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent. "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR REPRODUCING MUSICAL AND OTHER
SOUNDS BY ELECTRICITY." [A communication from abroad by Charles Louis
Weyher, of Paris, France.]
This Invention relates to an apparatus for reproducing words and likewise
musical and other sounds at any distance for the purposes of communication, and.
for enabling theatrical and other public performances to be heard at localities
distant therefrom.
°
The apparatus consists of a thin sheet of iron, copper, or other metal, which is
simply suspended or stretched on a frame at a convenient point in the theatre,
hall, or room in which the music or other sounds are produced. This metallic plate
is connected with one pole of a battery, the other pole of which is to earth,
through the gas pipe, for example; or if the distance be small a return wire may be
used.
A very light contact point is attached to a weak spring so as just to touch the
metallic plate.. This contact point is made of platinum, gas carbon, or other con-
ductor of electricity, and communicates with the line wire going from the room in
which the sounds are produced to the place where they are to be reproduced,
and there connected to an electro-magnet from which the current again passes to
earth.
Above the electro-magnet is placed an iron or steel spring forming a reed or
vibrator contained within an ear trumpet or sound box.
The action is as follows:-Each sound produced in the theatre, concert, or other
room, throws the metallic plate into vibration and produces corresponding move-
ments of the contact point, the vibrations being equal in number to the vibrations
which produced the sound or note. Thus by this trepidation of the contact point
the latter makes and breaks contact with the plate, and the circuit is made and
Price 2di

page_text: broken at each vibration, the currents passing by the line producing the same
number of vibrations of the reed or vibrator, which thus accurately reproduces the
sounds with all their different intonations.
The apparatus may be used for all kinds of telegrapbic or other communications
as well as for the transmission of musical sounds.
A single line wire will serve for a number of receivers by using derived currents,
or by passing the same current through several receivers.
Several contact points may also be applied to the same vibrating plate for
transmitting the vibrations along as many line wires.
The battery may be placed at any point of the circuit, and may be under the
immediate control of the person at the receiving end.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUC- TION OF PACKING STUDS OR BALE FASTENINGS
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Bradshaw Shepherd, of Barton-upon-Irwell, in the
.
County of Lancaster, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUC-
TION OF PACKING STUDS OR BALE FASTENINGS."
Sealed the 10th December 1878, and dated the 12th June 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Bradshaw Shepherd at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th June 1878.
JOHN BRADSHAW SHEPHERD, of Barton-upon-Irwell, in the County of Lancaster.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PACKING STUDS OR BALE FASTENINGS."
My Invention relates to an improved method of constructing or forming what
are know as packing studs or bale fastenings, and consists in taking a bar of iron
or steel rolled in a I or H section, and sawing or shearing therefrom transversely
pieces of a suitable thickness to form the fastenings; or I may take a plate of
metal of the requisite thickness and punch or stamp out the fastenings of the
required form by having the punch and die box of the proper shape.
"
The "burrs upon the fastenings so formed may be afterwards removed by
"barreling" or any other convenient means.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said John Bradshaw Shepherd in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 12th
December 1878.
JOHN BRADSHAW SHEPHERD, of Barton-upon-Irwell, in the County of Lancaster.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PACKING STUDS OR BALE FASTENINGS."
My Invention relates to an improved method of constructing or forming what
are known as packing studs or bale fastenings, and consists in taking a bar of iron
or steel rolled or cast in a I or H section, and sawing or shearing therefrom trans-
versely pieces of a suitable thickness to form the fastenings; or I may take a plate
of metal of the requisite thickness and punch or stamp out the fastenings of the
required form by having the punch and die box of the proper shape.
وو
The "burrs upon the fastenings so formed may be afterwards removed by
"barreling" or any other convenient means.
Having thus particularly described and ascertain the nature of the said In-
vention, together with the best methods with which I am acquainted for carrying
the same into effect, I wish it to be distinctly understood that I claim the manu-
facture of packing studs or bale fastenings from iron or steel bars, substantially
as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Bradshaw Shepherd, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Eleventh day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.
JOHN BRADSHAW SHEPHERD. (L.S.)
NEW OR IMPROVED BATTERY RHEOSTATS SPECIALLY APPLICABLE FOR MEDICAL PURPOSES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Joseph Coxeter at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th February 1878.
SAMUEL JOSEPH COXETER, of the Firm of Coxeter and Son, of Grafton Street
East, in the County of Middlesex, Surgical Instrument Makers. "NEW OR IMPROVED
BATTERY RHEOSTATS SPECIALLY APPLICABLE FOR MEDICAL PURPOSES."
My Invention consists in an improved rheostat. These instruments, as ordinarily
constructed, are made with coils, generally of german silver wire, or of fluid in glass
tubes, such fluid being traversed by metal discs. These forms are open to various
objections, in one case being very costly, and in the other cumbersome and incon-
venient. Now according to my Invention I overcome these objections, substantially
in the following manner-Holes or openings in any suitable number are drilled
through a block of wood or other suitable material. Into these holes are placed
various electrical resistances, composed of a mixture of graphite, or other suitable
conductor of electricity, and a non-conductor of electricity, such for instance as pow-
dered glass. The mixture being either in glass tubes or other convenient method.
The holes or openings containing the mixture are closed at the upper part by metallic
plugs or pins, and at the lower part the whole is covered by a metal plate, to which
they are connected. An arm to form a connection is provided, which acts upon the
various plugs or pins connected with the various resistances, so that as the arm
comes in contact with the plugs, various electrical resistances are interposed when
used in connection with batteries.
AN INDEPENDENT FORCE FOR PRODUCING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Andrews at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd January 1878.
GEORGE ANDREWS, Mangle Manufacturer & Laundry Engineer, of the Firm of
Baker and Co., 309, Oxford St., London, in the County of Middlesex.
«AN
INDEPENDENT FORCE FOR PRODUCING MOTIVE POWER."
The operation of this machine depends on the property of attraction and repul-
sion of the negative and positive poles of permanent magnets respectively, the
independent force counteracting the gravitation exercised by the weights employed
to keep the revolving magnets turning, at the same time overcoming the friction to
which every machine is necessarily liable; this force therefore has the effect of
keeping the weights always wound up, and as the permanent magnets rather
increase from use, in power the machine will be self-sustaining as long as the
material keeps in good order.
By combining any number of magnets any required power might be achieved.
AN IMPROVED MECHANICAL DISCOUPLING APPARATUS FOR ALL KINDS OF INK DISTRIBUTING SURFACES FOR EVERY DESCRIPTION OF PRINTING MACHINES AND PRESS INK TABLES TO INSURE A MORE RAPID AND EQUAL DISTRIBUTION OF INK, AND ALSO FOR PRINTING IN ONE OR MORE COLORS AT THE SAME TIME WITHOUT CUTTING THE COMPOSITION INKING ROLLERS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Rutley at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 30th November 1878.
GEORGE RUTLEY, of No. 3, Queen Street, Soho, in the County of Middlesex,
Printer. "AN IMPROVED MECHANICAL DISCOUPLING APPARATUS FOR ALL KINDS
OF INK DISTRIBUTING SURFACES FOR EVERY DESCRIPTION OF PRINTING MACHINES
AND PRESS INK TABLES TO INSURE A MORE RAPID AND EQUAL DISTRIBUTION OF
INK, AND ALSO FOR PRINTING IN ONE OR MORE COLORS AT THE SAME TIME
WITHOUT CUTTING THE COMPOSITION INKING ROLLERS."
Two or more discs revolving on distinct shifting axes, moving plates fitted flush
in recesses or by moveable surfaces, spiral or otherwise, connected or disconnected
in the centre, by which the following advantages are obtained:-(1st), two or more
colors can be worked at once on the same sheet; (2nd), two forms can be worked
on the same machine or press in one or more colors at the same time by two or
more persons; (3rd), the ink distributing surfaces can be enamled, by which pure
color is thereby obtained, with a saving of at least 25 per cent. in ink, turps, &c.
(4th), the apparatus can be applied to all printing machines and press ink tables
(5th), no alteration is made in the machine (except the ink distributing surfaces);
the ink duct is the same, and can be worked (as at present) without ink duct; (6th),
from the simplicity of the mechanical details, lightness in weight combined with
great strength of construction, they are not liable to break or get out of order.
;
AN IM- PROVED PREPARATION OF COLORING MATTER
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert Alston Whitaker at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd August 1878.
HERBERT ALSTON WHITAKER, of Bradford, in the County of York. "AN IM-
PROVED PREPARATION OF COLORING MATTER."
The chief object of this Invention is to dye cotton, linen, 'and other vegetable
fibres in a more simple and expeditious manner than heretofore.
In the general way of dyeing, the goods are first mordanted and then afterwards
dyed in a separate bath, the mordants chiefly employed being such as the salts of
iron, copper, and alumina. These are generally applied in the form of sulphates
and chlorides.
Instead of using these salts I propose to employ, in the manner to be presently
explained, the hydrates of these or of other metals capable of passing from a minimuin
to a maximum degree of oxidation.
According to my Invention I wash the goods in coloring liquor obtained from
logwood, fustic or other dye woods, and combined with any one of the hydrates
above referred to in such proportions as will ensure the shade required.
By using this composite bath of dye liquor the color will be taken up at once
into the goods, and thus the preparatory process of mordanting will be rendered
unnecessary.
The goods when removed from the bath I expose to the atmosphere for the
purpose of oxidation for from three to twenty-four hours, and the dye will thereby
be firmly fixed in the fibres.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CAST IRON COLUMNS, AND IN APPLIANCES FOR PREVENTING THEIR COLLAPSE DURING CONFLAGRATIONS AND EXTINGUISHING THE FIRE
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Howlett Redfern at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th April 1878.
HENRY HOWLETT REDFERN, of Hanley, in the County of Stafford, Builder.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CAST IRON COLUMNS, AND IN APPLIANCES FOR PREVENTING
THEIR COLLAPSE DURING CONFLAGRATIONS AND EXTINGUISHING THE FIRE."
I propose to lay a complete and preferably independent system of water pipes in
each and every floor of a warehouse or other building, to connect these water pipes
with each and every column in each separate floor or floors, and to fill the said
columns with water in case of fire by means of a valve in the basement of the
building, each floor having its separate valve.
I propose to provide each of the said columns near its top or capital with a
perforated collar, collars, jets or conical or plain holes, the number, position, and
dimensions of these collars, jets, or conical or plain holes being regulated to suit the
requirements of existing buildings.
In the case of conflagrations in any or the whole of the floors of a building thus
provided, the columns may be kept perfectly cool by opening either the valve on
the basement communicating with the water system of one floor, or all the valves
communicating with each separate system, thereby filling all the columns with
water and causing the water to issue from the collars, jets, or conical or plain
holes in all directions to extinguish or assist in extinguishing the fire.
A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Widdop Drake and Thomas
Horsfall Watson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th
February 1878.
JOHN WIDDOP DRAKE, of Lightcliffe, near Halifax, in the County of York, and
THOMAS HORSFALL WATSON, of Leeds, in the County of York.
"A NEW OR
IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER."
This Invention consists in constructing and arranging new and improved
mechanism, whereby we are enabled to drive or turn machinery at a great reduction
in cost.
The improvements consist in the use of a chest or box, within which is a rocking
shaft having two or more crescent-shaped or segment levers thereon. One end of
shafts or rods are attached to these segments, the other end being connected to
cranks for giving rotary motion to shafts for driving or turning machinery. A
bridge or cover is placed within this box for the segments to work underneath, and
when steam, water, or air is admitted into the said box, this bridge prevents the
steam or other media from pressing on the surface of the segments; a certain portion
only is exposed to the action of steam or other media, such exposed portion being
determined by means of a slide or shield, also working underneath the bridge.
«
The action of the apparatus is as follows:-Steam, water, or air is admitted into
the box, the position of the segments being arranged for one to be up and the other
down, or cross centres," the segments being also under the bridge or cover, and
the slide or shield being so arranged that only a portion of the segments are exposed
to the action of either steam, water, or air, the pressure of which on the exposed
portion of the segments will be sufficient to set in motion the segments, giving them
a rocking or oscillating motion, which is communicated by rods and cranks to shafts
for driving or turning machinery.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR TURNING BACK THE JACQUARD CYLINDER WHEN THE WEFT IS BROKEN OR EXHAUSTED
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Hahlo and Charles Edward
Liebreich at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd December
1878. A communication from abroad by Julius Dannenberg, of Zittan,
Saxony, in the Empire of Germany.
CHARLES HAHLO and CHARLES EDWARD LIEBREICH, of the Firm of Hahlo and
Liebreich, of Bradford, in the County of York, Merchants and Machinists., "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR TURNING BACK THE JACQUARD
CYLINDER WHEN THE WEFT IS BROKEN OR EXHAUSTED." [A communication from
abroad by Julius Dannenberg, of Zittan, Saxony, in the Empire of Germany.]
This Invention has for its object the connection of the jacquard cylinder with
the loom in such a manner that when the weft on the spool in the shuttle is
broken or exhausted the card cylinder will be reversed one or more cards.
Hitherto the cylinder of the jacquard has turned one or more cards after the
weft on the spool in the shuttle has broken or is exhausted, in consequence of
which the weaver has to turn back the jacquard cylinder by hand in order to
place the cards of the design in proper order for working previous to restarting the
loom. I accomplish my object by effecting a connection between the knocking off
or other stopping motion of the power loom by means of a lever and catch, which is
in connection with the weft motions and knock off motion; the before mentioned
lever is also in connection with the bottom or reversing lever of the jacquard, and
when the knock off motions actuates the catch, the weft hammer or hammers will
cause the card cylinder to reverse one or more cards.
FASTENINGS FOR THE DOORS OF RAILWAY CARRIAGES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Aston at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 31st July 1878.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
ARTHUR ASTON, of No. 4, Homefield Terrace, Wimbledon.
FASTENINGS FOR THE DOORS OF RAILWAY CARRIAGES."
This Invention has for its object improvements in fastenings for the doors of
railway carriages.
In order to prevent the accidents now of frequent occurence arising from persons
attempting to alight from railway carriages before the train has stopped, I provide
in connection with the fastening of the door a catch controlled by electricity, which
prevents the bolt from being drawn back to set free the door until an electric contact
has been made (or broken) by the guard or other person in charge.
I form in the bolt of the door fastening a notch or recess into which the end of a
pawl or stop-lever drops so as to hold the bolt fast until the pawl or stop-lever is
raised.
The lifting of the pawl or stop-lever is effected by means of an electro-magnet,
which, when excited by the passage of an electric current, attracts an armature
attached to or forming part of the pawl or stop-lever. The electro-magnets
throughout the train are connected by conducting wires, which are coupled toge-
ther between the carriages. There is also an electric battery, by preference in the
guard's van, and when the guard completes the circuit of the battery through the
magnets the carriage doors can be opened, but until such time it is impossible for a
passenger to descend.
In order that the railway servants may open and close the doors when the car-
riages are detached from a train, I so arrange that a separate key provided for the
purpose may act directly upon the pawl or stop-lever, to lift it.
Also, if desired, the passengers may be allowed access at any time to a key or
handle for raising the pawl or stop-lever by breaking a glass, an arrangement now
employed to permit passengers to make use of electric stop signals.
A NEW OR IMPROVED UNION OR JOINT FOR PIPES, AND IN WASHERS FOR THE SAME
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Goodall at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 30th May 1878.
FRANCIS GOODALL, the younger, of Marsden, near Huddersfield, in the County
of York, Plumber. "A NEW OR IMPROVED UNION OR JOINT FOR PIPES, AND IN
WASHERS FOR THE SAME."
This Invention consists in making unions or joints and washers to be applied to
steam, water, or gas pipes, so as to obtain a perfectly tight joint.
The improvements consist in the use and application of two flanges having a nut
or collar on the face of one side of each flange to screw or otherwise fasten on to
pipes intended to be joined. On the other side of one of the flanges is a projection
or rib, which fits into a corresponding recess formed into the face of the other
flange; a washer is then placed between the flanges, and is made to fit on to the
projection and into the recess, so that when the two flanges are bolted together &
perfect joint is made, and entirely prevents the escape of steam, water, or gas.
By forming the washer to fit the rib and recess of the flange it cannot be dis-
placed by tightening the flanges together, nor can the washer be blown out from
between the joint, as is the case at present.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ARMOUR PLATES FOR SHIPS, FORTS, AND OTHER STRUCTURES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Harding Cole at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th February 1878.
JOHN HARDING COLE, of Innishannon, in the County of Cork, Ireland, Clerk in
Holy Orders. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ARMOUR PLATES FOR
SHIPS, FORTS, AND OTHER STRUCTURES."
My Invention refers to the construction of armour plates of thin plates of metal
and preferably of wrought iron or steel, having their edges presented to the front
and to the action of projectiles, all substantially as herein-after described.
The plates themselves may be of any desired thickness, say, in some cases, half
an inch to inch more or less, or in other cases two to four inches, and are made
thicker on the outside than on the inside edges, so as to be wedge-shaped; the
thicker edges are placed outwards, the thinner inwards. A second set of plates
made similar to the first and outer plates are arranged in the reverse direction, the
thicker edges being inwards, and the thinner edges corresponding with the thinner
edges of the outer plates.
The inner (thicker) edges of the inner plates abut or rest against longitudinal
bars running along and around the ship or other structure, and have notches in
them to rest on bars or girders for support.
The plates are secured cempactly together by flat bars running horizontally
through apertures at intervals in the plates round the sides of the structure, or are
bolted together by screw or other bolts or bars passing through the apertures or
notches in same, and the said plates are laid round the structure vertically or in any
other desired position.
The outer and thinner edges of the inner layer of plates thus run in and fit
between the thinner edges of the outer plates, so that both sets together form a
solid compact mass of metal wedging into each other in such manner that the
impact of any body against them will have the effect of compacting the mass more
completely and closely together, the pressure being thus sustained as by an arch,
and being exerted laterally instead of vertically inwards, an enormous resisting
power will be the result.

page_text: The plates may be cemented together with some preservative cement, and layers
of canvas or other material, such as india-rubber, may be laid between the plates;
the outer faces may be fluted.
The inner layer of wedge plates may be made of wood or other lighter and more
elastic material than iron or steel, if desired..
I am aware that it has heretofore been proposed to employ for armour plating
plates of metal set edgewise; but this I do not claim as my Invention, the essential
features in mine being the employment of wedge-shaped plates set end to end,
substantially as described, whereby the two great principles of the
"
wedge" are combined, as applied to armour plating.
The outside edges of the outer plates may be steel-faced or hardened.
"arch"
and
IMPROVE- MENTS IN COMBING MACHINES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ira Ickringill, Charles Hoylo, and
Henry Smith at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th
April 1878.
IRA ICKRINGILL, Worsted Spinner, CHARLES HOYLE, Machine Maker, and HENRY
SMITH, Combing Overlooker, all of Keighley, in the County of York. “IMPROVE-
MENTS IN COMBING MACHINES."
The object of this Invention is to arrange the combing machine commonly known
as Listers in such a manner that the "nip plates" are substituted in place of draw-
ing off rollers, used for drawing the wool or other fibre that is being operated upon
from off the circle of the comb; by this arrangement we are enabled to produco a
larger amount or more weight, and a longer top, than can be obtained from the same
material passing through the comb when operated upon in the usual manner.
We accomplish our object in the following manner-We arrange the circle of
the combing machine so that the same can have a continuous or intermittent
motion.
"
When the comb circle is arranged to have an intermittent motion, the same is
obtained by means of a tappet mounted on a shaft; this tappet is in connection with
a series of levers, which actuate the circle of the comb through a ratchet wheel and
train of gearing acting upon the toothed rack of the comb circle. In place of the
ordinary drawing off rollers, we substitute the "nip plates, which are actuated
either in the ordinary manner, or an intermittent motion is obtained by means of a
tappet or other equivalent. This nip apparatus draws the wool or other fibre off the
comb circle; the length of the stroke of the nip plates is so arranged and adjusted
that the plates will lay hold of the wool or other fibre close to the comb circle, and
thus draw the short ends or staple along with the long staple, which will assist to
form "top," and will produce or give off more weight, and longer top, and
consequently less noil, than can be obtained by the ordinary method of drawing the
wool or other fibre from the comb circle by the drawing off rollers. The nip plates
D077

page_text: deliver the wool or other fibre on to an endless cloth, which conducts the same direct
to the balling or can box.
When it is desired to pass the wool or other fibre through a gill box, before it is
submitted to the balling or can box, we dispense with the endless cloth, and use a
carrying comb which delivers the material direct on to the gills of the preparing
box,
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND IN APPARATUS FOR GRINDING OR PULVERIZING LINSEED CAKE AND OTHER SUBSTANCES."
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Rowlandson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th September 1878.
WILLIAM ROWLANDSON, of the Liverpool Millwright and Engineering Works,
Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster. IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND IN
APPARATUS FOR GRINDING OR PULVERIZING LINSEED CAKE AND OTHER SUBSTANCES."
My apparatus consists, 1st., of a pair of rods studded all over with projecting
points, ridges, or protuberances.
At present I prefer them in the form of pyramids but other forms will do. The
points of one roll are so arranged as to fit into the interstices or hollows of the other
when the two revolve. 2nd. Below the rolls I place a sort of hopper composed of
two strong moveable side plates. The distance from each other of these side plates
or jaws can be regulated by hinges and screws or otherwise. These jaws are also
serrated or covered with ridges or protuberances on the faces forming the interior of
the hopper, and are arranged with an up-and-down alternate rubbing motion, so
that the material as it descends to the bottom of the continually narrowing hopper
is exposed to a constant rubbing action, between the two plates. Near the bottom
the two plates may be made nearly parallel, so as to continue the last and most
severe scrubbing longer than otherwise possible, and the ridge can be smaller and of
a closer pitch.
AN IMPROVED GAS MOTOR
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Carl Pieper at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd January 1878. A communication
from Rudolf Schaeffer, of Blasewitz, near Dresden, Saxony.
CARL PIEPER, of Dresden and Berlin.
"
AN IMPROVED GAS MOTOR." A com-
munication from Rudolf Schaeffer, of Blasewitz, near Dresden, Saxony.
This Invention relates to a gas motor, in which the power generated by the
explosion of a mixture of gas or vapour and air is transmitted to an elastic piston
which gives it off by a connecting rod to a crank shaft with fly wheel.
The machine has two cylinders of comparatively short length and large diameter,
which are screwed with their bottom ends opposite to each other to a central part
of the framing. The cylinders are open at the top end; the pistons are fixed to a
triangular frame, swinging on pivots, which have their bearings at some distance
above the said central part of framing, and the pistons as well as the cylinders are
so arranged with regard to the said pivots that the pistons work freely in the
cylinders while they move to and fro with the swinging frame.
The pistons consist of a hollow drum having a fixed top and movable bottom,
between which springs are inserted. The forward piston is suitably strengthened
and jointed to the connecting rod.
The mixture of gas or vapour and air is aspired by a special pump, and pressed
into the corresponding cylinder after the piston of the same has moved forward a
certain distance at the beginning of the outward stroke; there is a pump for this
supply of gas and air in combination with each cylinder. The piston of either of
the pumps is connected to a lever actuated by an eccentric on the main shaft, the
fulcrum of the lever being made adjustable for the purpose of providing means for
regulating the quantity of gas and air aspired at every stroke.
The ignition of the explosive mixture is effected at the proper moments by means
of a gas flame burning in front of a narrow slit in the cylinder bottom, and of a
current of air which a small pump forces through a sort of blow pipe into the
flame, thereby driving it through the said slit into the cylinder. The ignition may
however be effected by means of electricity, or in any other known manner.
When the explosion takes place the bottom of the piston is first of all propelled
forward against its springs, whereby power is stored up, and concussion avoided.
D971

page_text: The gases resulting from the explosion thereupon act on the body of the piston,
which leaves the cylinder altogether at about half-stroke, and allows the combus-
tion gases to escape.
Suitable valves, arranged in the pipes connecting the pumps for gas and air with
the cylinders, prevent the explosion from acting backward on the pumps.
IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR PROTECTING VESSELS FROM TORPEDO ATTACKS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Holman Drake and James
Terence Fitzmaurice at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th
July 1878.
HENRY HOLMAN DRAKE, of Fowey, in the County of Cornwall, Gentleman, and
the Honorable JAMES TERENCE FITZMAURICE, of Maidenhead, in the County of
Berks, Commander in the Royal Navy.
"IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS
FOR PROTECTING VESSELS FROM TORPEDO ATTACKS."
This Invention has for its object improved method of and apparatus for
protecting vessels from torpedo attacks.
The present system of defence against torpedoes consists in opposing a passive
resistance in the form of network, or similar shield or obstruction, which we believe
may be overcome by increasing the momentum of the torpedo, or by arming it with
cutting instruments, or both.
Now according to our Invention we apply a system of defence by active
resistance, so as to divert the course of the torpedo, and so lead it away from the
object attacked. For this purpose we employ protectors arranged at a suitable
distance from the object to be protected, and so actuated as to parry as well as stop
the thrust of the attacking torpedo.
Our improved apparatus is capable of adjustment to suit varying depths of water,
and may be constructed in various forms.
The protectors, which may be made of rods, or bars, or network, are carried by
rods, arms, levers, or bars, capable of radial motion horizontally, vertically, or
otherwise.
The necessary motion may be imparted to the protectors by chains, cords, or rods,
or by connecting an engine or engines or other actuating mechanism with the rods,
levers, or bars.
The protectors and their supporting gear may be arranged to lie close to the hull
of the vessel when not in operation, or to be readily unshipped when required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CHAFF CUTTING MACHINES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Crispus Cottis and William Cottis,
junior, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th December
1878.
CRISPUS COTTIS and WILLIAM COTTIS, junior, of Epping, in the County of Essex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CHAFF CUTTING MACHINES."
This Invention relates to improvements in chaff cutting machines of that kind
more especially in which a pinion on the main shaft that carries the fly wheel and
knives gears with a face wheel or disc having several concentric rings of teeth, the
pinion being adjustable along the shaft from one ring of teeth to another in order
to drive the feed rollers at different speeds, according to the length of cut required.
According to our Invention we provide a second or reversing pinion on the main
shaft at the opposite side of the centre of the face wheel to the first or driving
pinion, which second pinion is always in gear with the face wheel. Both these
pinions are loose on the main shaft, and their inner or opposite faces have clutch
teeth corresponding to those of a double clutch placed on the main shaft between
them. This clutch revolves with the main shaft, but is free to slide longitudinally
thereon until it engages with one or other of the pinions, at whatever ring of teeth
of the face wheel they may be set. This clutch is preferably traversed and held
in position by the following arrangement, but it may be otherwise operated.
A fork or ring embraces the clutch and lies in a groove around it, and to this
fork or ring a rack is attached parallel to the main shaft, with which rack gears,
either directly or preferably through an intermediate pinion, a toothed sector on a
hand or guard lever, whose axis, as well as that of the intermediate pinion, if any,
is fixed to the cover that encloses the gear or other part of the machine frame.
This lever passes up in front of the face wheel to the top of the machine, and may
or may not be bent so as to pass across the feeding trough in order that it shall be
oscillated by pressure against it by the hand or arm of the attendant or by any
obstruction in the trough, and thereby traverse the rack and clutch and throw the
latter out of gear with the driving pinion so as to stop the machine, whilst further
pressure on the lever in the same direction as before will throw the clutch into

page_text: gear with the reversing pinion and reverse the machine. The lever might be
connected directly to the fork or ring embracing the clutch if preferred:
In order to enable auxiliary hand power to be applied for driving the machine,."
we provide a second winch handle on a cross shaft geared with the main shaft..
This second winch handle is not fixed on its cross shaft, but is pivoted to an arm
and provided with a pawl or catch or eccentric to engage with a ratchet or other.
wheel keyed on said shaft in such a way that when the winch handle is turned in-
the forward direction it becomes fast with and turns the shaft, but when not in use
it hangs down out of gear and does not rotate therewith.
AN IMPROVED ALARUM OR BELL APPARATUS FOR BICYCLES OR OTHER CARRIAGES."
Year: 1878

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Richard Botterill at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st November 1878.
WILLIAM RICHARD BOTTERILL, of Cheapside, in the City of London. "AN
IMPROVED ALARUM OR BELL APPARATUS FOR BICYCLES OR OTHER CARRIAGES."
The object of my Invention is to arrange the alarum or bell apparatus of bicycles
in such manner that it will only be sounded when the ordinary brake is more or less
applied to the wheel. My apparatus in fact consists of a combined brake and alarum
or bell apparatus. In carrying out my Invention I make the ordinary brake roller
a fixture on its spindle or axle instead of loose as heretofore, and I fix the bell to
the ordinary brake frame at a suitable distance from the said roller. On the end
of the roller spindle I fit a device which as the roller revolves strikes the bell at every
revolution. This device may consist of what I call a broken crank, that is to say,
of two pieces loosely jointed together, one of them being fixed to the roller spindle
and the other carrying a knob or striker for sounding the bell. It will thus be
understood that as the bicycle is travelling in the ordinary way without the brake
being applied and the brake roller therefore not revolving the bell will not be
sounded, but immediately the brake is applied the revolutions of the roller cause the
striker to repeatedly strike the bell. When it is desired to sound the bell without
braking" the wheel, a slight application of the brake, insufficient to affect the
vehicle, will cause the roller to rotate and sound the bell.
Although my Invention is specially applicable to bicycles, it can be adapted to
other carriages by combining a brake roller or wheel with the bell, as herein-before
described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PLAITING OR KILTING MACHINES."
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Morton at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 24th October 1878.
JOHN MORTON, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Sewing
Machine Maker. IMPROVEMENTS IN PLAITING OR KILTING MACHINES."
This Invention relates to plaiting or kilting machines of the kind in which a
plaiting knife made to reciprocate by hand or power forms the plaits, and passes
each in succession between metal surfaces, one or both of which may be heated to
set the plaits. The plaiting knife is guided by means of trunnions formed on it,
and working in guide slots in side pieces pierced with a number of holes to receive
pins, which determine the length of movement of the plaiting knife and consequent
width of the plaits.
One of the present improvements consists in applying springs to the frame of the
plaiting knife, so as to give the edge of the knife the downward pressure necessary
for gathering the plaits of woven fabric. These springs are by preference helical
springs of metal, and are connected from fixed points above the sides of the knife
frame to parts of that frame between its trunnions and the handle, so as to tend to
turn the knife on its trunnions. With this arrangement much less skill and care is
required in working the knife, as the worker has not to attend to the downward
pressure of the plaiting knife.
A second improvement consists in fitting the trunnions of the knife with buffalo
hide, or leather, or rubber, so as to diminish the noise and wear and tear caused by
the trunnions striking the gauge pins.
A third improvement consists in arranging a pair of rods in an improved way at
the front of the inachine, for applying a suitable tension or drag to the woven
fabric operated on. One of the rods is fixed to the frame or to the clamps by

page_text: which the machine is fixed to a table, and the second rod is connected to the first
by two rubber rings, and after the fabric is entered between the rods, the second
rod is turned up over the other and its ends engaged in notches in the frame or
clamp. This causes the fabric to pass in a tortuous manner round and between the
rods, and-produces the necessary tension.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BRACELETS, NECKLETS, AND RINGS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jacob Otto Schuler at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th December 1878. A communication
from abroad by Ernst Schönfeld, junior, of Hanau, in the German Empire.
JACOB OTTO SCHULER, of Hatton Garden, in the County of Middlesex, Merchant.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BRACELETS, NECKLETS, AND RINGS." A communication from
abroad by Ernst Schönfeld, junior, of Hanau, in the German Empire.
This Invention relates to improvements in bracelets, necklets, and rings, and
consists in the employment or fitting of springs to one or more limbs or hinged
portions of the article to close the parts automatically when they are released after
being opened out. In one arrangement where the article is made in three pieces a
spiral spring is fitted in the centre piece, which, by means of a hinge, is fixed to
the two other or side pieces, and the spring by pulling together the parts the bracelet
is closed.
In another arrangement the under part of the centre portion is made fast to the
spiral springs which are enclosed within the two side pieces, the operation of closing
being the reverse of that above described.
The opening is effected by pulling the side pieces apart.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND IN APPARATUS FOR HULLING, CLEANING, AND POLISHING RICE AND OTHER HARD CEREALS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Beaufort Sears at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th June 1878.
HENRY BEAUFORT SEARS, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Gentleman.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN AND IN APPARATUS FOR HULLING, CLEANING, AND POLISHING
RICE AND OTHER HARD CEREALS."
The object of my said improvements is to hull, clean, and polish rice and other
hard cereals in a more efficient and better manner than heretofore, and to provide
suitable and effective apparatus for the purpose.
The Invention consists essentially in subjecting the rice and other hard cereals
to the action of rubbing surfaces caused to travel through or amongst such rice or
other hard cereals when the rice or cereals is allowed or caused to travel in one
direction, and the rubbing surfaces are caused to travel or move in the opposite
direction. Or the rice or cereals may be caused or allowed to travel in the same
direction as the rubbing surfaces when the latter has a greater speed. In this
manner the rice or cereals is rapidly treated in a cheap and satisfactory manner.
The apparatus employed in carrying the Invention into effect consists of one or
more endless ropes, cords, bands, chains, or the like, in some cases fitted with or
having attached or secured thereto rubbing, cleaning, or polishing appliances, which
are caused to travel through a tube or container formed, constructed, fitted, or
provided with regular or irregular surfaces.
The tube or container is usually placed in a vertical or inclined position, and the
rice and other hard cereals are allowed to descend or pass through the tube or
container in direction from top to bottom, whilst the endless cord, rope, or the like
is travelling through such tube or container in the opposite direction. The said
endless ropes, cords, or the like pass around pulleys or their equivalents placed
above and below the said tube or container, and motion is given to one or more of
the said pulleys, and with it or them to the said endless ropes, chains, or the like,
by any suitable or desired power,

page_text: In tubes or containers placed in a vertical or nearly vertical position with the
endless cord, band, or chain caused to travel in such tube or container in a down-
wards direction amongst the rice or cereals, the speed of the said endless cord, band,
or chain without or with the attachments for hulling, cleaning, or polishing must
be greater than the speed of the descending rice or cereals.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS BATTERIES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ELECTRICITY
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis James Odling at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th October 1878.
FRANCIS JAMES ODLING, of No. 199, Adelaide Road, Hampstead, in the County
of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS BATTERIES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF
ELECTRICITY."
My Invention relates to that kind of voltaic battery in which two gases, such as
hydrogen and oxygen, are employed as the elements, and has for its object the con-
struction of such batteries in a simple, cheap, and effective form, as I will now describe.
I employ two extended surfaces of carbon, which may be in the form of plates,
cylinders, or hollow bodies. One of these surfaces is exposed to hydrogen and the
other is exposed to atmospheric air, and between the two surfaces is interposed a
liquid of considerable conductibility, such as acid or saline solution. Electricity
generated by the re-action of the hydrogen with the oxygen of the air can be led
by conductors from the two carbon surfaces through an external circuit in which
it can be applied for illumination or other purposes for which electricity is available.
A number of cells, each arranged as above described, may be combined into one
battery in continuous or parallel circuits.