CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE PREPARATION OF FARINACEOUS SUBSTANCES, AND IN THE PROCESSES OF MAKING BREAD
Year: 1832

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
DON, of Lower James Street, Golden Square, in the City of Westminster,
Millwright and Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth,
by His Letters Patent under. the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date
at Westminster, the Seventh day of March, in the third year of His reign,
did, for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Thomas Don, his especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority,
that I, the said Thomas Don, my exors, admors, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said: Thomas Don, my exors, admors, or assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the
term of. years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-
Tweed, the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE
PREPARATION OF FARINACEOUS SUBSTANCES, AND IN THE PROCESSES OF MAKING
BREAD" partly communicated to. me by a Foreigner residing abroad; in which
said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that I, the said Thomas Don, shall
cause a particular description of the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in His said Majesty's High
Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same,
reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Thomas Don, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described and
ascertained in and by the following description thereof, reference being had
to the Drawings hereunto annexed; and to the figures and letters marked
thereon (that is to say):-
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Thomas Don, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described and
ascertained in and by the following description thereof, reference being had
to the Drawings hereunto annexed; and to the figures and letters marked
thereon (that is to say):-
The Invention relates,-.
First, to improvements in machinery for drying grain.
Secondly, to improvements in machinery for grinding grain.
Thirdly, for preparing dough. And,
°
Fourthly, to improvements in machinery or apparatus for baking bread.
In order that the Invention may be fully described and ascertained, I will
now proceed to describe the Drawings hereunto annexed: "
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figs. and 2 represent a vertical kiln or machine in action for drying
grain, seeds, &c. A is a lower horizontal tube. B is an upper horizontal
tube, which are connected and made steam-tight to the perpendicular tubes
C, C, C, C, so as to allow steam or any other heating medium to enter in at
the orifice (1), Fig. 2, and escape at escape-pipe (2), Fig. 1, passing through
each upright pipe or tube C, C, C. D. D, are shelving plates, as drawn,
fixed on or attached to the upright pipe C, C. E, E, are two upright side
plates, perforated with small holes, to which plates are attached or fixed the
shelving plates f, f. f. f. G is a hopper to receive the grain to be dried, which
is dried as it falls down between the tubes C, C, and the side plates E, E.
The grain is prevented falling directly down by the shelving plates D, D, and
ff, which being placed as represented, causes the grain, &c., to fall from one
shelving plate on to the lower one, until it arrives to the bottom, receiving the
heat from the tubes C, C, C, on its descent. It will be seen that the shelving
plates are of greater declivity at the top, where the grain is supposed to enter
wet or damp, than the bottom, when it has become dried, and consequently
not requiring such.descent to cause it fall through. To regulate the time of
the grain passing through the kiln according to its state of humidity, and
requiring more or less drying, I place rollers H, H, at the lower part, under
the lower tube A, which tube is made to let these rollers work below it. The
rollers have spaces in their surface running all their length, which is to receive
the grain, and as these rollers revolve faster or slower so do they regulate the
discharge, consequently the entry and passage of the grain, &c. from and
through the kiln, which falls into the spout I, to be conveyed where

page_text: -
desired. The rollers are set in motion by a band or rope passing. round the
pulley J, which is fixed on the axis or shaft of one of the rollers. The pinion
K is also fixed on the same shaft, and works into another pinion fixed on the
axis of the other roller, causing it also to revolve. The pulley J has
several grooves in it, in which is placed the rope or band, so as to drive the
rollers quicker or slower as may be required, according to the state of
humidity of the. grain, &c., a's before described. It will be seen that there is
a space between the side plates E, E, and the outer casing L (which is
removed in Fig. 1 with the upright or side plates E, E, to shew the tubes
C, C). This space is to receive the humidity or vapour escaping from the
grain through the holes before. mentioned in the side plates E, E, which is
drawn and thrown out by means of an air-pump, or, which I prefer, the fan
wheel M, made to revolve by the pulley g, which drives the fan wheel, and
draws the vapour in at the side, as shewed by dotted lines, Fig. 2, and throws
it out at the escape opening at 3, thus clearing away all the vapour from off
the grain, &c., and keeping a partial vacuum in the machine, which enables
the grain to dry quicker and at lower temperature. h, h, are horns or
supports attached either to the case L or to the ends of upper tube B,
to support the hopper G. The whole of the machine or kiln is supported
or rests upon the pillars N, N, and foundation plate O.
Figure 3 is an arrangement of the same machine on a similar plan, having
several rows of flat or round tubes or hollow plates. C, C; C, are hollow
plates, in which steam is admitted and allowed to pass through, to which
shelving plates are attached, and between each plate falls the grain from the
shelving plates D, D, D, to the lower one, and so on to the bottom, where
may be placed delivering rollers, or one only (as drawn at H), below a box or
hopper P, arranged as before described. The vapour is drawn out at the
ends by means of the fan, instead of passing through perforations or holes at
the sides. The whole may be surrounded with a wooden or other casing to
keep in the heat. G is the hopper. N, N, the pillars to support the whole,
which pillars are fixed to and rest upon the foundation plate O.
Figure 4 is what I call à wheel kiln. It is a cylinder, having the arms B,
axis A, and perophery C hollow, into which the steam enters at the axis. On
the surface of the cylinder are fixed buckets or floats D, D, in like manner to
a water wheel. This steam wheel or cylinder revolves on its axis in a case
E, E, perforated with holes, and having two openings, one to let in at 1; the
other to let out at 2, the grain or material to be dried, which surrounds the
wheel. G is the hopper. The wheel and the inner case is again surrounded
by another case F, to receive the vapour from the grain when being dried,

page_text: Such vapour passing through the perforations of the case E, E, which is
drawn off by the fan wheel M, as before described.
Figure 5 is an horizontal revolving kiln. The steam enters by the pipe a
which is also the shaft, unto the upright cylinder A, which may be a single
cylinder, or a cylinder composed of a series of tubes placed cylindrically, having
the spiral ledge B coiled and fixed round it. A box C is attached to the lower
part of steam cylinder, and revolves with it; also a step-toe or spindle D,
on which it revolves in the bearing E. F is a cylinder perforated with holes
for the purpose before described, which surrounds the steam cylinder A and
the spiral coil or ledge B. The grain falls from the hopper G on to the
ledge B; and as the cylinder is caused to revolve by a band passing over the
pulley I, as faster or slower, so does it make the grain descend, drying it on
its descent, and escapes at outlet 2. J is a plummer block, in which revolves
the shaft a of cylinder A. The cylinders A and F are again surrounded by the
outer cylinder K, to receive the vapour passing from the drying grain through
the holes or passages of the cylinder F, which vapour is drawn off by the fan M,
as before described.
Fig. 5 is another kiln or machine for drying grain to. A is a case, at the
lower part of which is a vessel B to contain any heating medium, such as hot
water, steam, hot air,, &c., which may be kept heated in this vessel by fire or
any usual means. C, C, C, are passages passing through the vessel to allow
air to be drawn through by the fan wheel M, which air is heated in its passage
through the passages C, C, imparting its heat to grain which is upon the end-
less bands D, D, D, which are kept in motion by being placed on the rollers
E, E, E, which are made to revolve. The grain falls upon the upper web from
the hopper G, and accordingly as that web runs round the rollers E, E, E, 'so
it delivers the grain on to the second or next lower web, and so on until it falls
from the lowest web, and escapes at the outlet 2. H, H, II, are hollow plates
or series of tubes placed horizontally between the webs, into which the steam
is admitted, or other heating medium.
I will now describe my improvements in respect to the grinding of grain.
Fig. 6 is an elevation of three pair of millstones adapted to be fixed in. a mill.
Fig. 7 is a section through a pair of the millstones through the dotted line
1 and 2. A is a foundation plate on which are fixed the pillars, pilasters, or
supports B, which support (in this view a cornice C, but I prefer) the cross
or stone plate c, on which is borne the millstones D. This cross or stone plate
is seen in plan, Figs. 8 and 9, the cross is fixed at the corners or ends of the
arms d, upon the top of the supports B. The dotted circle shows where the
bed stones lay up on the cross d. It will be perceived that there is a space

page_text: -between the dotted circle representing the bed stone and the circle which
surrounds it: This is an open space, to allow the meal when ground to escape
and fall down all round the stone, so as allow a free circulation of air to keep
the stones cooler than they generally are by the plan hitherto adopted in allow-
ing the meal to escape at only one part of the circle." e is a thin part of the
cross, to close up the distance between the arms, and for the hoops or cases E
which surround the stones to rest upon. F, Fig. 7, is a bush or, hollow
box fixed in the eye of bed stone D, through which passes the dumb
spindle H, which is nicely fitted to work up and down the centre of
the hollow box or bush F, and supports the running or driving spindle I, the
toe or extremity of which revolves in a brass bearing or cup fixed in the top
of dumb spindle H. On pins (1) projecting from side of driving spindlé,
see Figs. and 10, work's a circular or oval ring called an universal joint,
having corresponding bearings (2), and other pins or journals projecting from
or through it (3, 3); which supports the upper or running stone K, in which
are sunk proper bearings or brasses 4, 4, to allow these pins or journals to
work in. Thus when the driving spindle I is set in motion by power applied
to the grooved riggers 5, by ropes or bands, or by means of the gearing (6, 6;)
Fig. 11, the stone K is driven round. See the section in full size Fig. 10. On
the top of the bush F is fixed a piece of metal of the form of a frustrum of a
cone J, see Figs. 7 and 10, the sides of which are grooved or toothed, and is
made similarly to the cones of the coffee mills commonly used in families. A
conical case is attached to and revolves with the spindle I, and which surrounds
the fixed cone J, leaving a little distance between
which is also toothed or grooved spirally, and to inside of the case L,
fixed the spout or hopper M, to guide the entry of
upper part of which is
the grain to be ground
into the space between the cones J and L, so as to bruise or crush or prepare
it previous to its passing through and being ground between the mill stones
D and K. N, Fig. 7, is a wedge passing through a groove in the dumb
spindle H, which, as it is pressed forwards or drawn backwards by the screw
bolt O working in the nut part O, by means of a wrench put on the square
head at the outer end, either raises or lowers the running stone K so as to
enlarge or lessen the space between the two stones D and K. P are lugs
which rise from the arms d, through which pass screw bolts to keep the bed
stone D in its proper place centrally with the plummer blocks and carriages Q,
in which revolves the spindle I. A socket or tube R, which passes over a joint
in the spindle I (the spindle being made in two pieces, to facilitate the taking
up the running stone K, to dress the grooves or lines in the faces of the
stones D and K.) S is a shoe or box in which the grain to be ground is

page_text: caused to fall, and which directs it to the spout M, is supported and vibrates
at one end upon the bearing and pin at T, and at the other is suspended by
the string or cord P, passing over the scroll, and attached to the tempering
pin at V, which as it winds up or lets off the string elevates or lowers the
point of the shoe, and thus allows by its degree of descent the grain to fall in
larger or smaller quantities into the spout or hopper M and millstones, as
described. It is caused to vibrate by means of a tube or enlargement upon
the spindle I, which knocks it sidewise, and a spring attached to the top of
the hoops or case E, Fig. 7, draws it again in contact with the enlargement
or tube on spindle I. The meal when ground falls all round the stone, as
before described, and descends down the lower box W, which is fixed to the
under side of stone plate c, and is guided on to endless webbing or straps
which are placed round the rollers X, which rollers are fixed in bearings
caused to revolve, and thus deliver the meal at a place or places either to be
put in sacks or immediately elevated into any machine to dress it in, to
separate the different qualities of meal. Y is a spout working on a spindle or
pivot, which being placed as shewn in the Drawing guides the meal on to the
endless webbing, or by being placed in the direction Z guides it into a trough
placed below to receive it. Fig. 11 is a part clevation and part section
of a portable mill intended for the colonies or private use. A is the foundation
plate to which are fixed the pillars or supports B, which carries the stone
plate E in the middle, and supports a cornice on the top to carry the hopper for
the reception of the grain to be ground. Q, the plummer blocks and carriages
for the driving spindle I to revolve, which are attached to the cornice; is
driven by the gearing as at 6, 6, Fig. 11, which at Fig. 6 is represented so
arranged to be thrown in and out of gear by the sliding cylinder or collar
and lever The same letters are used in this Figure to denote the same
parts as the other Figures, but the case and cutter J, L, are here shewn as
placed above and out of the hoop or cover E of the mill stones. The case is
supported by the pieces of metal g, g, fixed on top of the case or hoop E, or
to the side of the pillars. This case is in two halves or in three or more
portions, or may be whole. In this arrangement the cone J is fixed to and
revolves with the spindle I; and the dumb spindle is forced upwards and
downwards to lift the running stone up or down by means of the screw
wheel N, the eye or centre of which is tapped to receive the lower and screwed
part of the dumb spindle H. A screw O, on the shaft O; works into the
teeth of the screw wheel N: As the shaft O is made to revolve the one way
or other by the winch handle it causes the wheel N to revolve, which bearing
or resting on the support 7; attached to the lower side of cross d, d, causes

page_text: the dumb spindle to raise or lower the millstone K, as before described. The
meal is here supposed to fall into a trough, which may then be sacked, and
subsequently dressed. A small cap 8 will be perceived is attached a spindle I,.
above the cap of the dumb spindle, to prevent the grain falling into the cup.
Fig. 8 represents in plan the cross d, d, for the bed stone D to rest upon,.
also shewing the screw wheel N, the screw shaft O, and the pillars B, B.,
Fig. 9 is a plan of the cross or stone plates made to bear upon three supports
or pillars B, B, B, instead of four. The eye or opening in the centre is
made in all, so as to allow of the descent through it of the hollow box or
bush F, as the lower stone D wears away. Fig. 10 is a pull sized section of
the eye of the millstone as seen at Fig. 7.
Fig. 12 is a sketch of an elevation and Fig. 13 is the plan of four pairs of
millstones K, K, K, K, driven by a spur wheel 9 and pinions 10. Each pair
of millstones rest upon their separate stone or bed plates or cross. The pillars
or supports of the crosses or stone plates are all attached to one foundation
plate. The under or delivery hopper W are also attached to the under side of the
crosses or stone plates. And instead of delivering the meal, I fix a circular metal
plate or revolving trough 11, or board or framing or arms, on which is
attached a circle or circular trough on the upright shaft I, on which shaft is
also fixed the spur wheel 9. The circular revolving trough is caused thus to
rotate, and into this trough the meal when ground is delivered by the spouts.
of the under delivery hoppers W. The outer and fixed circle. 12, in which
the circular trough revolves, has openings at 13, Fig. 13, where a bar or
brush 14 is placed across, as shewn, to cause the meal to fall into any recep-
tacle that may be desired; or the spouts of the under delivery hoppers may
have attached to them sacks, to remove the meal, or be directed into proper
bins or troughs for the purpose.
Fig. 14 is a longitudinal section, Fig. 15, a transverse section, of a mill
where the spindle I is placed horizontally, and on it is fixed a wheel or
cylinder J, having the ledges rising from the ends of the cylinder to receive a
cylindrical stone K, suitable to grind or pulverize any substance intended to be
ground or pulverized, or a stone or any other suitable cylinder may be fixed
without the metal cylinder, either of which are caused to revolve by means of
the rigger 5, also fixed on the shaft I, which revolves in the plummer blocks
Q, Q, which are prevented from working endwise by means of the journal or
bearing at the end being conical; and the end at R having a cone, which is
fitted as shewn on the end of the shaft I, and as the bearings wear, and con-
sequently get loose, the cone R is screwed forwards by means of the screw
pin, and fills up the brasses, preventing the motion endwise. 6 is a loose rigger

page_text: the
to throw the band on when the running stone or cylinder is required to be
stopped, the plummer blocks Q are made to rest upon a plate T; fixed on the
framing which supports the whole, which plates are made with a V and flat
to correspond with a similar V and flat in the sole of the plummer blocks. A
spring is attached, and made to act against the plummer blocks, which, in the
event of a stone or nail or other injurious substance being in the grain or
material to be ground in passing between the cylinder or running stone and
the bed stone D, presses the running stone away by its being allowed to slide
upon the plates T, T, and when the stone or nail has passed through, which it
thus allowed to do so as not to injure either, the spring presses forward the
stone or cylinder K again against the bed stone. D; but is prevented going
farther tha's desired by a stop on the plate. The bed stone D is fixed into a
metallic frame, or which may be a metallic box to contain steam or other
heating medium so as to heat the stone, which box or frame rests and works
upon two metal beds H fixed to the side of the framing A. I, I, are metal
plates bolted to uprights of the framing, having chipping pieces against which
beds H are kept in contact, to cause them to work truly perpendicular..
beds H are lowered or raised by means of the wedges L, L; or which
may be effected by screwed pins working in a nut or by any of the usual
means, so as to (what is technically termed) bridge the stone; that is, to
regulate the distance between the running and fixed stones, and to place them
in the desired working position. The bed stone D. and box are pressed
forward by means of the screw M working in the nut fixed to part of the
frame or box D. The screw M. abuts against a plate seen in section, Fig. 14,
which is fixed to the frames, and passes across the end. "U is a pulley, a cord
passing round which and round a corresponding one on the damsel spindle,
drives it round or causes it to agitate the shoe S, and make the grain descend
so as to pass between the stones and to be ground, which shoe is borne at the
other end by the pivot at V; and N is the hopper to contain the grain. O, the'
supports of the hopper: Figs. 16 and 17 shew the manner of cutting the
grooves. D is the bed stone. K, the runner revolving as indicated by the
arrow. Fig. 18 represents a bed stone. B is the eye to admit the bush for.
the dumb spindle to work in. C is a circular plate of metal let into the face
of the stone A, or may be a continuation of the bush; the bed stone having an
enlarged eye B. On the surface of the metal plate are made the grooves or
teeth as drawn. The grooves or lines cut in the face of the millstones are
grooved as shewn in Fig. 19, where D¹ is a portion of the upper or running
stone revolving in the directions of the arrow, D a portion of the bed stone.
2,2; are the grooves; I, i, are the deep edges; 2, 21, the feathered edges..

page_text: It will be seen as the running stone revolves it grinds the grain into meal by
the feather edges coming into contact, not by the deep edges. In the metal
plate C the grooves are placed reversely to those in the stones, as is also the
corresponding plate fitted to the face of the running stone, which is drawn
upwards or lowered downwards by means of bolts passing through the upper
stone to regulate their distance, so as to crush or bruise the grain before it is
ground.
.
Fig. 20 is an arrangement in section of a system of kneading dough.
Flour is supposed to. be delivered into the sieve A, which is put into motion so
as to sift out the flour to be made into dough upon the kneading bench B, which
travels backwards and forwards upon framing or other means of support by
means of the rollers b, b, b. C is a case over the sieve, to prevent the flour scat-
tering about, or falling anywhere but upon the kneading bench. D is a water
hose, having the rose head E attached to it, to spread the water over, and cause
it more intimately to mix with flour, regulated by a supply cock connected to the
other end of the hose. When the surface of the kneading bench is covered or
supplied with the desired quantity of flour mixed with water, by causing it to
run to and fro, the supply of flour and water. is stopped; when the kneading
rollers, formed as seen in section, the axis of which working in slots properly
and conveniently fixed, which are also made somewhat heavy, are let down
upon the mixt flour and water upon the kneading bench, which bench being
drawn backwards and forwards by any of the known means causes the
rollers F, H, G, I, F, to revolve and knead the mixt flour and water into
dough. The roller G is made to revolve upon its axis in slots similar to those,
of F, F; but instead of being driven round by the action of the kneading
bench when in motion, it must be made by any efficient means to revolve
faster than the kneading bench moves, so as in a manner to say to tear the
dough. H is another roller to assist the kneading, which, if found necessary,
may be also used for a similar purpose to that of roller G, and has fixed upon
its surface spiral knives. or cutters, blunted; so as not to cut the kneading bench
if of wood, as seen in plan, Fig. 21. This roller is also to be made to revolve.
faster than the kneading bench moves. Î is also a roller to stir up or separate
the dough by means of the projecting pins. This roller works in plummer
blocks conveniently attached or fixed to allow it to work upon the dough, and
must revolve somewhat faster than either of the rollers G
"G or H.
Fig. 21 is a plan view of a circular revolving kneading bench fixed on the
arms of a wheel, and borne at the extremity of the circle upon a bed frame
having rollers; which kneading bench is caused to revolve by being fixed on the
axis L, which is made to rotate by any motive power. On the same axis is the
beyil-face wheel J, which.. drives according to the desired speed the several

page_text: rollers G, H, I, F, F, by means of the pinions K, K, K. The same letters
denote the same as in the preceding Figure. After having been kneaded
by these means, to flatten the dough A, Fig. 22, to a proper thickness,
I and dock it off into biscuits or bread, it is put on another bench B
Fig. 22, which either revolves or reciprocates. The dough is made to pass
below the rollers or cylinders F, F, which are regulated by means of screws
raising or lowering them to flatten down the dough to the required consistence
or thickness, preparatory to its being docked into biscuits or formed into bread.
C is a docker, seen in plan, Fig. 23, and in section, Fig. 24, in this plan made
to dock or cut square biscuits, but may be equally adapted to cut round or any
form of biscuit, or the rollers F, F, Fig. 22, may be lowered or raised so as to
give the proportionate consistency or thickness of dough so that the separate
portions or space in the docker may weigh the desired weight of dough to be
baked into bread, or the docker may be formed with large spaces for that purpose,
the dockers I prefer being suspended, having a counterbalance weight, and being
drawn downwards by the hands of the workmen or bakers. The section, Fig. 24,
shews springs acting upon plates fitted into the spaces of the dockers, which
plates have the pins to pierce the biscuits, as they are usually done, to allow
the air to escape from the dough, which springs serve to press out the plates,
and throw out the biscuits or bread.
Fig. 25 is a section of an oven for baking bread by means of steam or other
convenient fluid or vapour. A, A, A, A, are hollow plates or square tubes
laid lengthwise, in which is placed the water, &c., as shewn, which being
"heated by the fire acting on their under surface by means of the fire B, and
heated air passing along the flue C, C, C, causes the vapour to ascend into
and heat the upper plates or tubes D, D, D, D, by means of the connecting
tubes E, E. F, F, are several partitions to separate the ovens. The dough
to be baked into bread is put upon the surface of plate A, A, in each oven.
The pipe G leads to a safety valve, or is an escape pipe.
Fig. 26 represents a section of an oven heated by heated fluid, steam, or
the vapour of any other fluid which is heated or generated in the tubular
boiler A by the fire B. The lower part of the oven may be made by a series
of tubes C, C, laid lengthwise, as drawn, or may be laid across, on which are
laid the fire tiles D, D. Similar tubes or plates E, E, are arranged above the
lower plates. Thus forms a chamber which is heated by the steam or other
heating passing from the boiler A with the lower and upper range of tubes or
plates. The heated air, passing through the fire, passes along the flues I, I,
all round the plates or tubes, as shewn by the arrows, continuing to heat the
steam, vapour, or fluid in the tubes or plates, escapes up the chimney G. The
steam is permitted to escape as may be desired by the cock H. F, F, F, F,

page_text: are also partitions to separate the different ovens. The dotted lines along the
flues from the upper part of the boiler is intended to shew, that when placing
the tubes or plates across, a supply pipe may lay in that direction, to supply
steam to each tube or plate so laid crosswise.
.
Fig. 27 represents the outline plan of several ovens C, C, C, C, C, which
are heated by one fire. The part A represents the fire; the dotted lines
shews the current at the flues escaping at the chimney B. The ovens are
supposed to be made by hollow plates or tubes arranged so as to form an oven
on the plan of the preceding Figures.
Having now described the nature of the Invention, and the manner of
carrying the same into effect, I would observe that I have necessarily described
various parts which are separately well known and in use; I do not there-
fore lay any claim to the parts in their separate condition, but I do hereby
declare that my Invention consists:---
First, as regards the drying of grain, I claim the various arrangements,
combinations, and modifications shown and described for this purpose, especially
the detaining the grain in its.descent by means of shelving plates affixed to
the tubes or heated surfaces, and thus, together with the rollers, regulating
the duration of the passage of the grain through the kilns, and also the appli-
cation of an air pump or fan wheels to such kilns for drawing off the vapour,
and thus facilitate the drying of the grain.
Secondly, as regards the grinding, I claim the arrangements and combi-
nations of the various parts in the manner described for grinding grain, and
particularly the fixing three, four, or more pillars or supports for supporting a
cross or bedplate having three or four arms as above described, and thereby
allowing the meal to descend all round the bedstone; the application of a
preparing or crushing mill affixed to the same spindle as the running millstone,
for preparing or crushing the grain previous to its being ground between the
stones, and the means described for elevating or lowering the running
stone.
Thirdly, as regards the preparing or kneading dough, I claim the combina-
tions above described.
Fourthly, as regards the baking of bread, I claim the particular arrange-
ments or combinations above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Don, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Seventh day of September, in the fourth year of the
reign of our Sovereign Lord William the Fourth, and in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and thirty-three.
DAY
TUOMELA
DON.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Seventh day of September, in
the year of our Lord 1833, the aforesaid Thomas Don came before our said
Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification aforesaid,
and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above written.
And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the
Statúte made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Seventh day 01 September, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and thirty-three.