IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Gadd, of the Town and the County of
the Town of Nottingham, Consulting Engineer, and John Moore,
of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Manufacturer, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
Invention of "
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
Sealed the 10th November 1868, and dated the 14th May 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Gadd and
John Moore at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 14th May 1868.
We, WILLIAM GADD, of the Town and the County of the Town of
Nottingham, Consulting Engineer, and JOHN MOORE, of Manchester,
in the County of Lancaster, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as
follows:-
Our Invention relates to those portions of the loom which are
employed to give motion to the "slay" and to the "picking shafts,"
and consists in a novel arrangement whereby we are enabled to lessen
the number of parts in the said loom, and to simplyfy the construction

page_text: thereof. In the loom as ordinarily constructed the main shaft usually
known as the "crank shaft" is employed to actuate the "slay," a
seperate shaft revolving at one-half the speed of the said crank shaft
actuating the "picking shafts," as is well undertsood, and our Invention
consists more particulary in the employment of one main shaft to
actuate both the "slay" and the "picking shafts." This aforesaid
main shaft we place in the position usually occupied by the crank
shaft, or in any other suitable position, and we cause it to make only
one revolution to two picks of the loom, the said main shaft thus
revolving at a speed corresponding to that of the ordinary "tappit
shaft," the "tappits" being fixed on the said main shaft and giving
motion to the "picking shafts" in the ordinary or any suitable manner.
The slay is actuated by the said main shaft through a "cam" or
through "cams fixed thereon, the said cams being suitably formed
to give two complete strokes of the "slay" to one revolution of the
main shaft. Each of the aforesaid cams we prefer to form with an outer
and an inner face, the outer face working in contact with an "antifriction
bowl" on the slay or on the "slay sword," the inner face of the cam
acting on a second "antifriction" bowl, the said "bowl" being mounted
on a drag link connected to the slay or to the "slay sword," so as to
be able to accomodate itself to the movements of the cam. In place
of the aforesaid cam a "snail cam" or any other suitable form of cam
may be employed if preferred, and the second antifriction bowl may in
some arrangements be dispensed with.
It will be readily understood that the parts of the loom usually
actuated by the crank shaft and the tappit shaft, and which are not
herein-above mentioned, are actuated in our improved loom by the
aforesaid main shaft in the ordinary or any suitable manner.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Gadd and John Moore in the Great Seal 3
Patent Office on the 13th November 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM
GADD, of the Town and the County of the Town of Nottingham,
Consulting Engineer, and JOHN MOORE, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Manufacturer, send greeting.
3

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of May, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the thirty-
first year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said William Gadd and John Moore, Her
special license that we, the said William Gadd and John Moore, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said
William Gadd and John Moore, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time, and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR
WEAVING," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said William
Gadd and John Moore, our executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under our, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said William Gadd and John Moore,.
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement and accompanying
Drawings, that is to say:-
Our Invention relates to those portions of the loom which are
employed to give motion to the slay and to the picking shafts, and.
consists in a novel arrangement whereby we are enabled to lessen.
the number of parts in the said loom, and to simplyfy the construction
thereof. In the loom as ordinarily constructed the main shaft usually.
known as the "crank shaft" is employed to actuate the slay, a.
seperate shaft revolving at one-half the speed of the said crank shaft,.
actuating the picking shafts, as is well understood, and our Invention
consists more particularily of means whereby we are enabled to employ
one main shaft to actuate both the "slay" and the "picking shafts.""
This aforesaid main shaft we place in the position usually occupied by
the crank shaft, or in any other suitable position, and, we cause it to

page_text: "
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make only one revolution to two picks of the loom, the said main
shaft thus revolving at a speed corresponding to that of the ordinary
tappet shaft," the "tappets" being fixed on the said main shaft and
giving motion to the "picking shafts" in the ordinary or any suitable
manner. The slay is actuated by the said main shaft through a "cam
or through "cams" fixed thereon, the said "cam or "cams" being
suitably formed to give two complete strokes of the slay to one revolution
of the main shaft. Eeach of the aforesaid cams we prefer to form with
an outer and an inner face, the outer face working in contact with
an antifriction bowl on the "slay" or on the "slay sword," the inner
face of the cam acting on a second antifriction bowl, the said bowl being
mounted on a drag link connected to the slay or to the slay sword
so as to be able to accomodate itself to the movements of the cam.
It will be readily understood that the parts of the loom usually
actuated by the crank shaft and the tappet shaft, and which are not
herein-before mentioned are actuated in our improved loom by the
aforesaid main shaft in the ordinary or any suitable manner.
In order that the said Invention may be fully understood we have
annexed to this Specification a Sheet of Drawings having letters of
reference marked thereupon the same letters indicating corresponding
parts in the various Figures.
Referring here to the said Drawings Fig. 1 represents a cross
section through a loom constructed in accordance with our Invention;
Fig. 2 is a plan of the principal parts represented in Fig. 1; Fig. 3
is a back elevation of a portion of the said loom, and Figs. 4 and 5
are detached views illustrating modifications in the construction and
arrangement of the part of the loom to which our Invention chiefly
refers, the said Figures being drawn to a scale of about three inches
to a foot. It will be understood that those portions of an ordinary
loom not considered necessary to illustrate our Invention are not repre-
sented in the said Drawings.
In the various Figures a is the main driving shaft, b is the slay, and
c is the cam mounted on the shaft a, and suitably formed to impart the
desired motion to the said slay. The shaft a revolves at one-half the
ordinary speed, that is to say, the loom makes two picks during one
revolution of the said shaft, the cam c causing the slay b to perform
The cam c
two complete strokes during one revolution of the said cam.
is formed with a flanch d; the outer surface of which flanch operates

page_text: upon an
"
antifriction bowl" e revolving on the pin o fitted in suitable
bearings formed in the slay sword f, and the inner surface of the said
flanch operates upon a second antifriction bowl g revolving upon a stud
fixed to the radius or drag link h, or in a bearing, or in bearings formed
therein, the said link oscillating to some extent around the centre of
motion of the bowl e as the cam revolves, in order that the bowl g
may accomodate itself to the movements of the said cam. As the
cam c revolves the bowls e and g are acted upon alternately, and the
slay is caused to vibrate, moving forwards to beat up the weft when
the bowl e is acted upon, and backwards to admit of the passage of the
shuttle when the bowl g is acted upon, the form of cam shewn in the
Drawings being such as will impart a movement to the "
slay" similar
to the movement which would be imparted thereto by a crank and
connecting rod acting in the ordinary manner. Although only one
cam is shewn in the Drawings, and herein previously mentioned when
describing the said Drawings, two cams are usually employed to actuate
the slay, the second cam and the arrangement of bowls and radius link
employed in connection therewith being situated in the portion of the
loom not represented in Fig. 3, as will be well understood, and are
similar in every respect to those shewn in the Drawings. The picking
shaft i is actuated by a tappet fixed upon the shaft a, the said tappet
acting on the arm k of the picking shaft, a corresponding arrangement
being employed at the other end of the loom. The healds are actuated
by the levers 1, 1, a vibrating motion being imparted to the said levers
by means of the excentrics m, m, mounted on the shaft a. Arrange-
ments for actuating the picking shafts or sticks and the healds or harness
other than those herein described and illustrated in the Drawings may
be employed as may be found to be suitable to each description of loom.
In Fig. 4 the bowl e is represented as being mounted upon the link p
in a similar manner to the bowl g, the said link p being free to swivel
to a certain extent on the stud r. In Fig. 5 both of the bowls are
shewn as mounted upon one link 8, the said link being free to swivel to
a certain extent around the centre of motion t, for the purpose herein-
before mentioned. It will be seen that as each one of the two bowls
revolves constantly in the same direction when the loom is at work
greater smoothness of action is attained with less wear of the bowls and
cam than when only one bowl is used to each cam.
Having now described the nature of our said Invention, and the
means adopted by us to carry the same into practical effect, we would

page_text: have it to be distinctly understood that we do not claim the use of
any form of cam in cases where the said cam operates only on one
"antifriction bowl," notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained
in our Provisional Specification; but that we claim,-
First. The employment of cams for the purpose or purposes herein-
before specified when each cam is made to operate or act upon two
antifriction bowls in manner as herein described and illustrated in the
attached Drawings, or in a similar or equivalent manner.
Secondly. Mounting one or both of the two "antifriction bowls" herein
above mentioned in or upon a link or arm, or mounting each one of
the said bowls upon a seperate link or arm, the said link or arm, or
cach one of the said links or arms being connected to the slay sword
or to the slay, or to any convenient part attached thereto in manner
as shewn in the accompanying Drawings, or in any other suitable
manner that will admit of the said link or arm, or each of the afore-
said links or arms swivelling to some extent, for the purpose herein-
before mentioned.
In witness whereof, we, the said William Gadd and John Moore,
have hereunto set our hands and scals, this Twelfth day of
November, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and sixty-eight.
Signed and sealed by the said William
Gadd and Jolin Moore in the presence
WILLIAM GADD. (L.S.)
JOHN MOORE. (L.S.)
Signed and sealed by the said William
Gadd and Jolin Moore in the presence
EDWARD K. DUTTON,
WILLIAM GADD. (L.S.)
JOHN MOORE. (L.S.)
Consulting Engineer and Patent Agent,
Manchester.