Improvements in Steam-turbines.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 7th Feb., 1893-Accepted, 10th June, 1893
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Steam-turbines.
I, EBERHARD SEGER, of 40 Kammakaregatan, Stockholm, Sweden, Engineer,
lo hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is
o be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
tatement:-
This invention relates to improvements in steam-turbines and has for its object
than
to provide for the utilization of the steam in a more efficient manner
heretofore..
According to my invention this is effected by causing the steam to act
successively upon several turbine-wheels without the use of guide-blades for
controlling the passage of the steam from one wheel to another, which guide-
blades contribute towards a diminution of the effect of the steam, in well-known
arrangements composed of several turbine-wheels having interposed guide-blades,
which are successively passed by the steam. The efficiency of such turbines can
be increased by removing the said guide-blades and interposing gearing between
the shafts of the said-turbine-wheels as hereinafter described.
In the accompanying drawing.
Figure 1 is a side elevation, partly in section, and
Figure 2 an end elevation, some of the parts being removed, showing one form
of my improved apparatus.
Figure 3 is a section on the line x, x, Figure 2.
Figure 4 is an elevation, and
Figure 5 a section showing other forms or modifications of my improved
apparatus.
Like letters indicate corresponding parts throughout the drawing.
An important feature of my said invention consists in arranging the turbine-
wheels a and b in close proximity to each other and in such a position with respect
If a
to each other that a part of their paddles or blades overlap one another.
steain-jet is applied at a suitable position in the area of the overlapping part, as
at (Figures 2 and 3), it impinges first against the paddles or blades of the
wheel a, passing through and turning this wheel in the direction indicated by the
arrow in Figure 3, and then against the paddles or blades of the wheel b, turning
this wheel in such a manner that the paddles or blades of the wheels revolve in
opposite directions. If the wheels are placed so that they intersect each other as
in Figures 1, 2, 3, their shafts will nevertheless rotate in the same direction, as
will be clear from Figure 2.
In this case it is possible to convey the power from both turbine-shafts directly
to the main shaft by means of simple gearing. This is effected by providing each
of the shafts of the turbine-wheels a and b with a pinion d and e respectively,
between which pinions the gear-wheel of the main-shaft is placed; the said gear-
wheel is thus turned in the same direction by the two pinions d and e, and thus
collects their power. The diameters of the pinions d and e must naturally be
proportioned according to the velocities of the corresponding turbine-wheels a
and b.
If desired, more than two turbine-wheels can be used: this can be effected by
lengthening the shaft of the wheel a and placing upon it a third turbine-wheel in
such manner that it may partly cover the wheel b; similarly a fourth wheel may
be placed on the lengthened shaft of the wheel b so as to partly cover the third
wheel in the same manner as the wheels a and b cover each other. The shape of
the paddles or blades of the latter wheels must, however, be somewhat modified to
suit the decreasing velocity of the steam.

page_text: It is further possible, as indicated in Figure 4, to place the wheels in such a
manner that they touch each other from the inside, and in a further arrangement
the wheels may be placed so that they entirely cover each other, as shown in
Figure 5, although the latter arrangement will probably not be of much practical
use in consequence of the complicated gearing which it requires.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
A steam-turbine in which the turbine-wheels are placed side by side in close
proximity to each other and are combined with one or more steam conduits
discharging into the sides of the said wheels, in such a manner that the steam
passes through the wheels in the direction of their axes, and in which the shafts of
the wheels are arranged out of line with each other, so that the wheels only partly
overlap each other, substantially as hereinbefore described.
Dated the 7th day of February 1893
D. YOUNG & Co.,
11 & 12, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicants.