CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PRIVIES AND URINALS, AND IN APPARATUS AND MACHINERY FOR CLEANSING PRIVIES, CESSPOOLS, AND OTHER PLACES, AND IN. DEODORISING THE MATTER EXTRACTED. THEREFROM, AND RENDERING: IT AVAILABLE FOR AGRICULTURAL PURPOSES
Year: 1850

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, PAUL
D'ANGELY; of Paris, in the Republic of France, Gentleman, send greeting.
T
..
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Fourth day of June,
One thousand eight hundred and fifty, in the thirteenth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Paul d'Angely, my exors, adiñors,, and assigns, Her especial license, full power,
sole privilege and Fauthority, that I, the said Paul d'Angely, my exors, adñiors,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Paul d'Angely, my.exors, admors, or
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of
Berwick-upon-Tweed, and in the Islands of Guernsey, Jersey, Alderney, Sark,
and Man, and also in all Her said Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad,
my Luvention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PRIVIES AND
URINALS, AND IN APPARATUS AND MACHINERY FOR CLEANSING PRIVIES, CESSPOOLS, AND
OTHER PLACES, AND IN. DEODORISING THE MATTER EXTRACTED. THEREFROM, AND
RENDERING: IT AVAILABLE FOR AGRICULTURAL PURPOSES;" in which said Letters
Patent is contained a proviso that I, the said Paul d'Angely, shall cause a
particular description of the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner.
the same is to be performed, by an instrument in writing under my hand and
seal, to be enrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery, within six

page_text: calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited
Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more
fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said Paul
d'Angely, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the
Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon
(that is to say):-
The principal end of my Invention is to obtain the deodorisation of every
species of excretia, fæcal matter, or urine at the moment when it falls from the
human body. This system is applicable only to privies and urinals as ordinarily
constructed, and therefore it does not embrace water closets or other improved
conveniences within dwelling houses.
To obtain the result proposed with respect to privies, I make use of a box of
wood or iron, or other receptacle, placed beneath the seat, in communication
with a glazed earthenware basin of a conical shape, as shewn on the plan
Number 1, the basin being there represented by the letters A, B, and the box
or receptacle by the letter C; the box or receptacle to be constructed, so far
as its locality will permit, to contain from twenty-five to fifty gallons of matter.
This box C is furnished with handles to assist in its removal when full, there
being a lid (marked D) of galvanized iron or zinc ready to close hermetically
the orifice of the point of junction between the basin A, B, and the box C.
Before the box C is placed beneath the privy it will contain deodorising fluid
in the proportion of seven and a half per centum according to the size of
the box.
With respect to urinals, I propose to construct them in a concave form, as
shewn on the plan Number 2, and marked A, B; the upper part A, to be of
brick or stone, the lower part to be of glazed earthenware. Within this lower
part I propose to place a glazed earthenware basin C, covered externally with
galvanized iron or zinc, communicating by means of a tube D, with a cemented
brick reservoir E, which should contain the like quantity of deodorising fluid
as in the case of privies. Attached to one side of the reservoir E, and in
communication with it, is a glazed earthenware tube F, of a diameter of from
two to three inches, and of a length proportionate to the urinal. This tube F
entering the reservoif, will serve to shew when it is full, in which case the
matter may be emptied by means of a syphon. A lid of galvanized iron G,
closes the top of the tube F, and is locked, except when it is desirable to ascer-
tain the contents of the reservoir.
I would have the lower part (B) of the

page_text: concavity of the urinal of glazed earthenware, so as to prevent the accumu-
lation of ammonia, which might be the case on stone or brick.
With respect to cesspools I would have them formed of brick or stone
cemented, or of glazed earthenware, within which I should introduce my de-
odorising fluid in the same proportion as mentioned with respect to privies and
urinals, and in removing the-matter-from-these cesspools I should-make use
of a wooden cask girt with iron, calculated to contain about five hundred and
twenty-five gallons, and to be filled by means of an air-pump. At the top of
the cask would be an indicator, by means of which it might be ascertained
when the cask was full, see Plan Number 3. To get the cask when full upon
a waggon or other vehicle, and to facilitate the emptying of it when arrived at
its destination I would use an inclined plane (Number 4). In order to
empty the cask I would have a galvanized iron lid A (Plan Number 3) fitting
hermetically when closed, but which, when open, should allow the matter to
escape.
The deodorising fluid is composed of fresh bark, rue, or wild mint, sulphate
of iron, and pyrolignite of iron in the following proportions:-For every two
hundred pounds of bark I should take forty pounds of green rue or wild mint,
or, when dried, eighty pounds; two hundred pounds of sulphate of iron; and
one hundred and sixty pounds of pyrolignite of iron. In order to prepare the
fluid I should have a pan calculated to contain about two hundred gallons, in
which I should place one hundred and sixty-five gallons of pure soft water,
which I should boil. Whilst boiling I should put in the bark, which should
remain until completely macerated. In another pan, of the capacity of about
one hundred and ten gallons, I should place eighty-five gallons of pure soft
water, in which, when boiling, I should place the rue or wild mint until
macerated; I should then clear the infusions of bark and of rue or wild mint,
and, when cleared, mix the two liquids in a pan large enough to contain three
hundred gallons; I should then introduce the sulphate of iron and the pyro-
lignite of iron, and heat the mixture sufficiently to produce complete solution.
This done, I should add sufficient pure water to make up the quantity lost by
boiling, so as to have the amount of two hundred and fifty gallons. To prove
the indispensable strength of the fluid when made, the specific gravity ought
to present, according to Baume's scale, not less than 15° 1'116 or more
than 16° 1'125.
The effect of the deodorising fluid will be to prevent any unpleasant odour,
by its power of concentrating the whole of the ammonia, which would other-
wise be dissipated from the fæcal matter and urine.
In order to convert the fæcal matter into manure it must be dried in a

page_text: chamber heated to from 70° to 90° Fahrenheit. One half of the floor of this
chamber should be composed of glazed earthenware tiles of a prismatic form
(see Plan Number 5), there being between the tiles spaces of about three
quarters of an inch each. The faecal matter should be brought into the
chamber and deposited upon the plain portion of the floor until nearly dry, and
then placed upon the tiles, which, each sloping, will allow the matter, as it
becomes perfectly dry, to fall into the room beneath. The focal matter being
reduced to powder, should then be mixed with dried or burnt peat in powder,
or with dried beast's blood also in powder, in the proportions of two thirds of
fecal matter to one third of peat or blood. The manure will then be made
and ready for use. If kept it should be in a place not too dry.
In witness whereof, I, the said Paul d'Angely, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Second day of December, in the year of our Lord