IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM PUMPING AND OTHER ENGINES, AND IN VALVES TO BE EMPLOYED THEREIN AND IN CONDENSERS AND FEED WATER HEATERS TO BE USED IN CONNECTION THEREWITH PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES."
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Henry Ward of the firm of Lee Howl Ward
and Howl of Tipton in the County of Stafford Engineers for an Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM PUMPING AND OTHER ENGINES, AND IN VALVES
TO BE EMPLOYED THEREIN AND IN CONDENSERS AND FEED WATER HEATERS
TO BE USED IN CONNECTION THEREWITH PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS
ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Henry Ward at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th June 1882.
THOMAS HENRY WARD of the firm of Lee, Howl, Ward and Howl, of Tipton
in the County of. Stafford, Engineers, "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM PUMPING AND
OTHER ENGINES AND IN VALVES TO BE EMPLOYED THEREIN AND IN CONDENSERS
AND FEED WATER-HEATERS TO BE USED IN CONNECTION THEREWITH PARTS OF
WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
"
My Invention relates more particularly to Steam pumping Engines and their
Valves and condensers and heaters used in connection therewith but is in part also
capable of use with other engines and apparatus to which it is or may be applicable
and has for its object generally to increase the efficiency and redaco the cost of
production of pumping or other Engines and valves for these and for other
purposes.
My Invention relates firstly to stop regulating or throttle valves and valves of
a liko kind (whether for steam water or other Huid) wherein the current through
the valve is divided and taken in two opposite directions and the valves proper
are mounted upon and operated by one central rod after the manner described in
the Specification filed in pursuance of Letters Patent No. 4072 granted to me as
of the twenty fifth day of October in the year of our Lord one thousand eight
hundred and eighty one.
According to my present Improvements an inlet and outlet chamber are arranged
one within the other say the inlet within the outlet for example tho passages
for the liquid from the inlet to the outlet chamber are opened by two valves

page_text: mounted upon a central rod or spindle screwed with a right and left handed screw
thread upon which the two valves are respectively capable of running when the
said rod is rotated for which purpose it is passed through the inner and outer
chamber and projects from the latter at which projecting part it is furnished with
a handle or wheel for rotating it The valves are situated and operate in the inner
chamber taking upon valve faces or seatings formed in the inner side of the said
inner chamber on opposite sides thereof In this inner chamber guide feathers are
formed with which engage guiding horns or projections on the valves to prevent
their revolving with the screws By preference those feathers on the inner chamber
are not continued the whole length of tho chamber there being a gap or open part
at about the centre thereof to facilitate the adjustment of the valves in the
manufacture of the same The screwed rod at each end which passes through the
outer chamber is turned down to receive two collars or glands between which is
held a packing material the said collars and packing material forming a kind of
piston packing joint capable of sliding to some extent longitudinally in the bosses
or packing boxes in the outer casing Screw nuts are provided upon the ends of
the rod by turning which the said collars are caused to compress the packing
between them and tighten the joint as required This method of packing allows
of a longitudinal movement of the rod and is applicable for packing purposes other
than that described Owing to tho improvements described the valves can both be
inserted and removed from the interior of the inner chamber the said valves by
rotating the screwed rod carrying them being prevented by the feather from rotating
with the screw rod travel therealong and are brought into the middle of the inner
chamber the gap in the aforesaid feather being for the purpose of allowing the
horns of the valves to pass to allow of the engagement with and disengagement
from the rod of the said valves Also in consequence of the aforesaid arrangement
valve box covers for the outer chamber are dispensed with and the outer chamber
or valve casing can be made spherical whereby the pressure being equally distributed
throughout much less thickness of metal can be used than with valves as ordinarily
constructed In place of using beat valves with this arrangement in order to
prevent the necessity for facing the valves and their seatings each valve mny
consist of a disc by preference entering easily without fitting against the sides of
the passage from the inner to the outer chamber. These discs will be provided
with flexible discs extending beyond the periphery or edges of the metal discs to
such an extent as by bearing upon the sides of the chamber to form when the
valves are closed a tight closure of the passage for the fluid from the inlet to the
outlet chamber. This form of valve, which I will refer to as the " 'compound-disc"
valve can be applied to operate either in the inner or outer chamber that is to
say to be moved towards each other from bearings in the inner face of the inner
chamber or away from each other from bearings on the exterior of the said inner
chamber If the rod be not screwed and the valves be capable of sliding thereon
with springs to press them to their seatings the herein before described arrangements
will be adapted for use as retaining valves.
"
Retaining Valves may also be constructed with a valve casing of barrel shape
provided with openings for the introduction of the valves an I a central rod which
carries them the said central rod passing through and bring the means of securing
the covers which clo-e the said openings. The said valves bear upon valve seatings
at opposite sides of the outer part of the opposite passages from the inner or inlet
chamber to the outer or discharge chamber and are free to move along the aforesaid
central rod in opposite directions to yield to the inlet pressure Springs return the
said valves to their closed or retaining position To these valves also the aforesaid
compound disc valves may be applied for opening and closing the passages
from the inlet chamber to the outlet chamber. The herein before described
improvements in stop and retaining valves may be applied to such valves generally
whether they be used in pumping engines or for other purpose.
"
"
My Invention further relates to the means for packing the piston rods more
especially adapted for packing at the part passing through the central casting

page_text: situated between the high and low pressure cylinders of tandem compound
pumping engines as described in the aforesaid Specification of my Patent No. 4072
A.D. 1881 For this purpose a groove is formed in the part through which the
piston passes the said groove surrounding the piston rod, two brance grooves
communicate from this groove to the exterior of the casting where the said grooves
are tapped to receive screw plugs The packing is introduced at one of the branch
grooves and forced forwards to and through the groove around the piston-This
mode of packing resembles that known as the Stannah packing" but differs
therefrom in respect of the improvement hereinafter described whereby the
difficulty of renewing packings of this class are overcome-In the "Stannah
packing" the grooves are all in the same plane-According to my Invention I form
the groove around the piston rod to a helical or screw like form-The branch
groove to one side of the casting communicates with one end of this helical groove
and the other branch groove to the other side of the casting communicates with
the other end of the said helical groove so that the packing material can be forced
through one branch groove helically around the groove surrounding the piston and
therefrom out through the other branch groove. Therefore in the place of having as
with the "Stannah packing" arrangement in order to renew the packing to stop
the engine and remove the packing by a tedious picking process I am enabled to
insert packing at intervals by removing the screw plugs and placing fresh packing
in it at one end and forcing it forwards thereby forcing out a corresponding portion
of old packing at the other end. In order to enable the helical groove in the
casting around the piston to be readily formed, I prefer to make it on a separate
piece which is inserted in a central recess made to receive it in the main casting
the said separate piece being afterwards fixed in place by running white metal into
a groove framed partly in the separate piece and partly in the main casting or
otherwise as may be convenient
-
The Invention relates further to improved means for packing the piston rod
between the steam and water cylinders of pumping engines According to this
improvement the opposed ends of the two cylinders are formed with boxes like
stuffing boxes in which slide respectively long collar pieces or glands surrounding
the piston rod and extending towards each other and being at their opposed faces
formed with recesses or grooves for receiving packing surrounding the piston rod-
By bolts and nuts or similar devices these collar pieces may be forced together to
compress the packing in the grooves and form a tight joint the glands being fixed
in their adjusted position. Packings are employed between the parts of the collars
which enter the aforesaid boxes in the cylinder ends and the interiors of the said
boxes to prevent leakage at these parts.
The covers of the steam and water cylinders at tho ends which are presented to
each other may be pressed to their seatings by compound screwed rods upon which
& nut piece can be turned to lengthen the rods to press the cylinder covers to their
seats without the necessity for bolts.
The glands of the stuffing boxes of these covers may also be forced inwards by
similar means.
The Invention further relates to the valves of pump cylinders when arranged
upon one central rod as described in the Specification filed in pursuance of
Letters Patent No 1650 granted to me as of the 14th day of April A.D. 1881
and my present improvements in this particular have for their principal object to
render the valve box more compact, cheaper and efficient According to the said
improvements the valves are formed of discs and leathers after the manner
described in the aforesaid Specification of the Patent No 1650 AD 1881 the
said valves opening against the pressure of springs and bearing when closed
against fixed collars or nuts on the central rod but in the case of the end valves
by preference against the end covers, an india rubber or flexible cushion intervening
in both cases. In this present arrangement the valve discs analogous to what
were hereinbefore termed compound disc valves are continued backwards so that
they have a figure somewhat like a bobbin, giving a long bearing upon the central

page_text: rod which guides the said valve discs, guiding ribs in the interior of the valve
casing being dispensed with and as the leathers form the valve proper closing by
bearing against the sides of the passages for the fluid, the said discs and the edges
of the passages need not be turned or faced as they do not bear the one upon the
other As the discs have a prolonged part forming or bearing on the rod as
described the said prolonged part must be of less diameter than the disc proper so
as to give when the valves are opened a space for the passage of the fluid between
the said prolongation and the valve opening-The other end of the said
prolongation may however be of larger diameter to give the requisite extent
of bearing upon the cushion of the fixed nuts or end covers as the case may bo
suitable for the pressure on the valves.
My Invention further relates to an improved mode of actuating the equilibrum
slide valves described in the Specification of my before mentioned Patent No 4672
A.D. 1881 and my present improvements have for their object to actuate the said
valves by steam instead of by mechanical means as described in the said Specifi-
cation. The equilibrum slide valves are arranged on each side of the casting as
described in my aforesaid Specification but in order to economize roon save metal
and give a neat and cheap arrangement I prefer to arrange the inlet and outlet
parts covered by the said valves somewhat after the form of the letter H so that
the valves themselves may have a corresponding form the recessed parts leaving a
convenient space for the attachment of the exhaust passage and the bolts con-
necting the valve covers. The slide valves are attached to a rod passing on each
side (in the case of twin valves commanding compound engines) through tubes or
passages forming communications for steam from the steam inlet chamber if
necessary past the various passages to small steam chambers on cach side in which
chambers slide piston valves or plungers fixed to the respective ends of the said
rod to which tho slide valves aro attached 1 operate the slide valves by destroying
the equilibrium of pressure of steam on these piston valves and the following is a
convenient method of effecting this. Each such steam chamber communicates by
a bye-pass with a second steam chamber provided with a piston valve by preference
on the same rod with a beat valve which is in its normal position may be pressed
to its seat by a spring Between this beat valve and its piston valve is a passage
leading to the exhaust The other side of the last named piston valve is open to a
part of the chamber into which a pipo or passage opens the said pipe or passage
leading from one side of the piston of one of the cylinders in the case of the chamber
on one side of the casting and from the other side of the piston in the case of the
chamber on the other side of the casting it being understood that the arrangements
now described are in duplicate one on one side of the casting for for moving the slide
valves in one direction and the other on the other side of the casting for moving
the valves in the other direction The aforesaid passages in the case of tandem
compound Engines may be led from the adjacent ends of the high and low pressure
cylinders respectively that is to say from the ends next the intermediate casting
By the aforesaid arrangement the inlet steam passes in opposite directions
through the aforesaid tubes into the opposite steau chambers in which the first
mentioned piston valves are situated and leaks through a small passage or
passages in or around the said piston valves to the other sides thereof and the said
valves are thus in equilibrium. When steam is admitted on one side of the piston
however when the piston has completed or nearly completed its stroke a portion
of the steam enters by the pipe before mentioned to the second steam chambor in
one sido and forces the piston valve therein back causing the beat valve on its
spindle to open so that the steam passes from the first steam chamber from behind
the piston valve thereof through the bye pass into the second steam chamber and
past the beat valve and through the passage from the said chamber to the exhaust.
The sand steam as it passes away more rapidly than steam can leak past the first
1.1 anen pis on valve on the rod to which the slide valves are connected causes
A be destroyed and the piston valves consequently move forward
und shift the side valves to admit steam to the other side of the pistons of the
".

page_text: steam cylinders when the same actions occur on the other side of the valve
actuating device and so on alternately so that the slide valves are actuated by
the relief of pressure of steam alternately from one and the other chamber in which
are situated the piston valves affixed to the rod to which the slide valves are
attached. It will be evident that the destroying of the equilibrium for actuating
the valves may be effected by admitting live steam instead of by relieving steam
by exhaust.
The steam may be relieved or admitted by means of the piston striking against
a tappet which opens a passage for the relief of the exhaust These tappets are
arranged at each end of the cylinder in the case of single cylinder engines or at
each end of either cylinder or one in one cylinder and one in the other cylinder
in compound engines In compound tandem engines they may be at the respective
ends of the cylinders next to the intermediate casting
In order to relieve the pressure from the said chambers by hand to move the
valves when required a small passage is provided from each steam chamber to the
exterior which is normally closed by a valvo which valve is attached to a push
rod extending to outside so that on its being pushed inwards the steam can be
relieved past the said valve and the valves be thus moved in ono or other direction
(according to which chamber is relieved) independently of the passages from the
steam cylinder or cylinders.
The improvements in the condenser and feed water heater consist as follows:-
The condenser proper consists of a number of tubes one inside the other the
outer ones communicate with one chamber at each end and the inner ones com-
municating with another chamber at each end. These two chambers at each end
of the condenser are preferably formed of plates of wrought iron with interposed
rings or marginal distance pieces between them and bolts or rivets are passed
through the plates and rings whereby the two chambers at each end are formed
having the plates for their top and bottom sides the rings or marginal distance
pieces completing the said chambers The outer tubes open into the inner one of
these chambers at each end and the inner tubes pass through and beyond the said
outer tubes at each end and through the inner chambers and open into the outer
of the chambers at each end Through one set of the tubes (proferably the inner)
when the apparatus is used as a condenser alone the exhaust steam is passed and
through the other set the condensing water is passed To facilitate the conden-
sation of the steam the outer tubes may be enveloped with a canvas, wool or other
covering which is kept moist by dipping at the lower end into a water vessel or
otherwise The air passes between and amongst the spaces between the outer
tubes and the evaporation of the moisture of the coverings of the pipes assists the
condensing water in the condensation of the steam. In order to enable impure water
to be employed to assist in the condensation and at the same time to heat the foed
water for the boiler I envelope the whole of the condenser proper in an outer
casing through which water is passed. This water will not pass to the boiler and
therefore need not be pure The exhaust steam in this case will be preferably
passed through the outer of the tubes and pure water for the boiler will be passed
through the inner tubes. A condensing surface for the steam of very considerable
extent is thus obtained The steam to be condensed and the water for condensing
it preferably pass in reverse directions.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Thomas Henry Ward in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
16th December 1882.
THOMAS HENRY WARD of the firm of Lee Howl Ward and Howl of Tipton
in the County of Stafford Engineers "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM PUMPING AND 5
OTHER ENGINES AND IN VALVES TO BE EMPLOYED THEREIN AND IN CONDENSERS
AND FEED WATER HEATERS TO BE USED IN CONNECTION THEREWITII PARTS OF
WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES."
My Invention relates more particularly to Steam pumping Engines and their
Valves and Condensers and feed water heaters used in connection therewith but is 1
in part also capable of use with other Engines and apparatus to which it is or may
be applicable and has for its main object generally to increase the efficiency and
reduce the cost of production of pumping or other Engines and Valves for these and
for other purposes
My Invention relates firstly to stop regulating or throttle valves and valves of 1
a like kind (whether for steam water or other fluid) wherein the current through
the valve is divided and taken in two opposite directions and the valves proper
are mounted upon and operated by one central rod after the manner described in
the Specification filed in pursuance of Letters Patent No. 4672 granted to me as
of the Twenty fifth day of October in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and eighty one.
An inlet and outlet chamber are arranged one within the other say the inlet
within the outlet for examplo as illustrated by Figure 1 of the accompanying
Drawings which represents a section of a valve constructed according to my
present Invention.
According to my said Invention the passages for the liquid from the inlet to the
outlet chamber are opened by two valves ab mounted upon a central rod or
spindle c screwed with right and left handed screw threads upon which the two
valves are respectively capable of running when the said rod c is rotated for which
purpose it is passed through the inner and outer chambers and projects from the
Intter at which projecting part it is furnished with a handle or wheel c² for rotating
it. The valves a bare situated and operate in the inner chamber seating upon
valve faces or seatings formed in the inner side of the said inner chamber on
opposite sides thereof In this inner chamber guide feathers d are formed with
which engage guiding horns or projections on the valves ab to prevent their
revolving with the screws on the rod c By preference these feathers d d are not
continued the whole length of the inner chamber there being a gap or open part d
at about the centre thereof to fucilitate the adjustment of the valves a, b, on the
rod in the manufacture of the valve. The screwed rod r at each end which
passes through the outer chamber is turned down to receive two collars or glands
e between which is held a packing material e the said collars ce and packing
material forming a kind of piston packing joint capable of sliding to some extent
longitudinally in the bosses or packing boxes f in the outer casing. Screw nuts and
washers are provided upon the ends of the rod c by turning which nuts the
said collars e are caused to compress the packing e between them and tighten the
joint as required. This method of packing allows of a longitudinal movement of
the rod c. Owing to the improvements described the valves a and b can both be
inserted and removed from the interior of the inner chamber the said valves by
rotating the screwed rod c carrying them (being prevented by the feathers & from
rotating with the said screwed rod) travel therealong and are brought into the
suiddle of the inner chamber the gap being for the purpose of allowing the
C
{

page_text: horns of the valves to pass to allow of the engagement with and disengagement
from the rod of the said valves Also in consequence of the aforesaid arrangement
valve box-covers for the outer chamber are dispensed with and the outer chamber
or valve casing can be made spherical as shewn clearly in Figure 1. whereby the
pressure being equally distributed throughout much less thickness of metal can be
used than with valves as ordinarily constructed. In place of using beat valves
with this arrangement in order to prevent the necessity for facing the valves and
their seatings, valves generally resembling those shewn with the retaining valve.
Figure 3 hereinafter described may be employed each valve consisting of a metal
disc by preference entering easily without fitting against the sides of the passage
from the inner to the outer chamber. These discs will be provided with flexible
discs extending beyond the periphery or edges of the metal discs to such an extent
as by bearing upon the sides of the Chamber to form (when the valves are closed) a
tight closure of the passage for the fluid from the inlet to the outlet chamber
suitable stops being formed upon the shaft to carry the load of the valves. This
form of valve which I will refer to as the "compound diso" valve, can be applied
to operate either in the inner or outer chamber, that is to say to be moved towards
each other from bearings in the inner face of the inner chamber, or away from
each other from bearings on the exterior of the said inner chamber. If the rod be
not screwed and the valves be capable of sliding thereon with springs to press them
to their seatings, the hereinbefore described arrangements will be adapted for use
as retaining valves.
Retaining valves may also be constructed according to my Invention and as
illustrated in Figure 2. with a valve casing A. of barrel or other shape provided
with openings for the introduction of the valves a band a central rod o which
carries them, the said central rod o passing through and being the means (through
the nuts cª on the ends) of securing the covers a³ which close the said openings in
the outer casing. The said valves ab bear upon valve seatings at opposite sides
of the outer part of the opposite passages from the inner or inlet chamber to the
outer or discharge chamber and are free to move along the aforesaid central rod c
in opposite directions to yield to the inlet pressure. Springs g return the said
valves a b to their closed or retaining position To this retaining valve also the
aforesaid "compound disc" valves may be applied for opening and closing the
passages from the inlet chamber to the outlet chamber. Figure 3 illustrates this
application of the said "compound disc" valves the metal discs h extend inwards and
have shoulders bearing against cushions h supported by a collar c³ on the rod c
the outer ends of the discs carrying the flexible discs h³ which bear upon the valve
seatings. The other parts shewn in this Figure which correspond with parts
shewn in Figure 2 are marked with the same letters. The hereinbefore described
improvements in stop and retaining valves may be applied to such valves generally
whether they be used in pumping engines or for other purpose.
The flexible material used for the discs of the valves may be of leather asbestos
or other material not injuriously affected by the fluid passing through the said
valves.
My Invention further relates to the means for packing the piston rods more
especially adapted for packing at the part passing through the Central Casting
situated between the high and low pressure cylinders of tandem compound
pumping engines as described in the aforesaid Specification of my Patent No. 4072
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty one. This part
of the Invention is illustrated in Figures 4 and 5 which are respectively Sections
taken at right angles to each other through the casting between the two cylinders
of compound tandem engines. For the said purpose a groove i is formed on the
part through which the piston passes, the said groove surrounding the piston rod.
Two branch grooves communicate from the groove i to the exterior of the
casting where the said grooves are tapped to receive screw plugs ³ The packing
is introduced at one of the branch grooves and forced forwards to and through the
groovo i around the piston. This mode of packing resembles that known as the

page_text: "
"Stannah Packing" but differs therefrom in respect of the improvement herein-
after described whereby the difficulty of renewing packings of this class is over-
come In the "Stannah Packing the grooves are all in the same plane.
According to my Invention I arrange the packing so that it can be continuously
forced in at one end and discharged at the other end which may be done by
forming the groove i around the piston rod of a helical or screw like form as
shewn clearly in Figure 5. The branch groove i¹ to one side of the casting com-
municates with one end of this helical groove i and the other branch groove i to
the other side of the casting communicates with the other end of the said helical
groove i so that the packing material can be forced through one branch groove
helically around the groove surrounding the piston and therefroin out through the
other branch groove ². Therefore in place of having (as with the Stannah
packing” arrangement), in order to renew the packing to stop the Engine and
romove the packing by a tedious picking process I am enabled to insert packing
(whilst the engine is at work) by removing the screw plugs and placing fresh
packing in at one end, (say the end of the groove i') and forcing it forward
thereby moving the packing along the said groove around the groove i and
along the groove and forcing out a corresponding portion of old packing at the
other end. Or the packing may be in a long rope or ropes to be drawn through
the grooves by pulling at the exit end. In order to enable the helical groove i in
the casting around the piston to be readily formed I prefer to make it on a separate
piece I which is inserted in a central recess made to receive it in the main casting
the said separate piece I being afterwards fixed in place by suitable means such as
by running whito metal into a groove at it formed partly in the separate piece I
and partly in the main casting or otherwise as may be convenient.
Although I have shewn in the Drawing the packing material as passing only
once around the shaft yet it may, it will be evident, be passed helically round the
said shaft more than once if desired. The outlet end of the packing orifice is
preferably made slightly larger than the inlet end
The Invention relates further to improved means for packing the piston rod
between the steam and water cylinders of pumping engines and is illustrated in
Figures 6.7 7ª and 7b According to this improvement as shown in Figure 6
the opposed ends of the two cylinders represented at A' A' are formed with
boxes like stuffing boxes a³ in which slide respectively long collar pieces or glands
jj surrounding the piston rod and extending towards each other and being at
their opposed faces formed with flanges and with recesses or grooves for
receiving what may be called the external packing j' which is wrapped or placed
around the piston rod-By bolts and nuts or similar devices these collar pieces j
may be forced together to compress the packing j' in the grooves and form a
tight joint the glands ij being then fixed in their adjusted position. Packings a*
are employed between the parts of the collars which enter the aforesaid boxes a³ in
the cylinder ends and the interiors of the said boxes to prevent leakage at these
parts.
Figure 7 represents a modification of this mode of packing wherein the packing j
is contained in deep recesses in the glands a tubular piece being employel
entering the said recesses to force the packing inwards when the bolts
tightened.
are
Figures 7 and 7B are respectively a longitudinal section and a transverso
section shewing the application of the arrangement of external packing Figure 6
to the method of compressing and releasing the packing by means of screws as
described in the Specification of former Letters Patent 1650 granted to ine as of
the Fourteenth day of April in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and eighty one In this modification illustrated by the said Figures there are two
sets of packings which are wrapped or placed around the rod of the pistons as
before described and the said packings are compressed between the covers of the
respective cylinders and the flange like discs or collars ♬ª by means of the screws
and screw nuts j³ The heads of the male screws may be squared and take into

page_text: squared recesses in the collars whilst the ends of the female screws are rounded
and take into corresponding recesses in the said collars so that by turning the
screw nuts the collars are forced apart and the packings are squeezed between
the said collars and the covers of the cylinders as shewn-By turning the nuts in
the opposite direction tho collars are moved towards each other for the release of
the packings. By unscrewing the connecting bolts of the glands the said glands
may be moved apart and the packing will then be easily accessible for renewal or
repair.
The covers of the steam and water cylinders at the ends which are presented.
towards each other, may be pressed to their seatings as shown in the longitudinal
section of a steam pumping engine Figure 8 where the said covers are marked
A A. This is effected by compound screwed rods upon which a nut piece k³
similarly screwed can be turned to lengthen the rods to press the cylinder covers
to their seats without the necessity for bolts
The glands of the stuffing boxes of these covers are shewn as being forced
inwards by glands and compound screw rods and nuts after the manner
described in the Specification of my aforesaid Patent No 1650 in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty-one.
The compound screwed rods may be arranged as shown in Figure 7ª with
regard to the serows and nuts if desired.
In Figuro 74 and 7B I have shown the cylinder covers as being forced on to the
cylinders by means of nuts running upon screws formed upon the bolts which
connect the two cylinders.
The Invention further relates to the valves of pump cylinders when arranged
upon one central rod as described in the Specification filed in pursuance of the said
Letters Patent No 1050 in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
eighty one This part of the Invention is illustrated by Figures 9 and 10 which
are respectively longitudinal and transverse sections of the pump cylinder provided
with my improvements in this particular, which improvements have for their
principal object to render the valve box more compact cheaper and more efficient.
According to the said improvements the valves are mounted upon a central rod L
and are formed of discs supporting the leathers or other flexible material forming
the valve proper after the manner described in the aforesaid Specification of the said
Patent No. 1050 in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty
one the said valves opening against the pressure of springs and bearing when
closed against fixed collars or nuts on the central rod L but in the case of the
end valves by preference against the end covers as shewn, an India-rubber or
flexible cushion intervening in both cases In this present arrangement the
valve discs m analogous to what were herein before termed compound-dise valves
are continued backwards so that they have a tigure somewhat like a bobbin giving
a long bearing or guide upon the central rod L which guides the said valve discs
guiding ribs in the interior of the valve casing being dispensed with and as the
leathers m form the valve proper closing by bearing against the sides of the
passages n for the fluid the said discs m and the edges of the passages need not be
turned or faced as they do not bear the one upon the other As the discs m have
& prolonged part forming a long bearing and guide on the rod L as described the
said prolonged part must be of less diameter than the disc proper so as to give
when the valves are opened a space for the passage of the fluid between the said
prolongation and the valve openings n The end of the said prolongation opposite
the disc proper may however be of larger diameter as shewn to give the requisite
extent of bearing upon the cushions suitable for the pressure on the valves.
My Invention further relates to an improved mode of actuating the slide valves
of steam engines more especially intended for actuating the equilibrium slide valves
described in the Specification of my before mentioned Patent No 4672 in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
This part of the improvements is illustrated as applied to my said equilibrium
slide valve in Figures 4 and 5 and in the horizontal section through the centre of

page_text: the slide valve in Figure 11. Figure 12 is a detail showing one of the passages
for steam from the cylinders as hereinafter described Figures 13 and 14 are trans-
verse sections taken respectively through the low and the high pressure cylinders
This part of the improvements has for its object to actuate the said valves by steam
instead of by mechanical means as described in the said Specification. The
equilibrium slide valves P are arranged on each side of the casting as described in
my aforesaid Specification but in order to economize room save inetal and give a
neat and cheap arrangement I prefer to arrange the inlet and outlet ports covered
by the said valves somewhat after the form of the letter H as shown in Figures 13
and 14 so that the valves themselves may have a corresponding form the recessed
parts leaving convenient spaces for exhaust passages as at p for carrying the
exhaust from the covers into the exhaust pipe and also for the bolts connecting the
valve covers as at p¹ Figures 4 and 5. The slide valves are attached by an cross
pin p² to a rod p³ passing on each side (in the case of twin valves commanding the
ports of compound engines) through tubes or passages q forming communications
for steam from the steam inlet chamber past the various passages to small steam
chambers on each side in which chambers r slide piston valves or plungers p
fixed to the respective ends of the said rod p³ to which the slide valves are attached
The slide valves are operated by destroying the equilibrium of pressure of steam on
these piston valves 2 and the following is a convenient method of effecting this.
In connection with each chamber r is a second steam chambers provided with a
piston valve t on the same rod with a beat valve t' which in its normal position
may be pressed to its seat by a spring & Each chamber r communicates by a bye
pass with the chamber 8 that is to say the space between the piston valve t
and the beat valve . Leading from the chamber s' at the outer side of this beat
valve is a passage 82 communicating between the said chamber 8* and one or
other of the ports of the high pressure cylinder The inner side of the piston
valve t is open to the chamber 8 into which a pipe or passage u opens in the case
of each chamber the said pipes or passages being respectively in communication
with passages from the respective ends of the high pressure cylinder as shewn at u³
in Figures 12 and 14
It will of course be understood that the arrangements now described are in
duplicate one on one side of the casting for moving the slide valves P in one
direction and the other on the other side of the casting for moving the said valves
in the other direction as is shown clearly in Figure 4
By the aforesaid arrangement the inlet steam passes in opposite directions
through the aforesaid tubes 9 into the opposite steam chambers r in which the
first mentioned piston valves 2 are situated and leaks through a small passage or
passages in or around the said piston valves to the other sides thereof and the
said valves are thus in equilibrium. When steam is admitted on one side of the
working piston however as soon as the piston has completed or nearly completed
its stroke a portion of the steam enters by the passages u³ u (see also Figures 12
14 and 15 before mentioned) to the steam chamber ³ on one side and forces the
piston valve therein back causing the beat valve to open so that the steam
passes from the steam chainber r from behind the piston valve thereof through tho
bye pass into the steam chamber a and past the beat valve and through the
chamber at and out by the passage The said steam as it passes away more
rapidly than steam can leak past the piston valve on the rod causes the
equilibrium to be destroyed, and the piston valves are consequently moved and
shift the slide valves P to admit steani to the other side of the pistons of the Steam
cylinders when the same actions occur on the other side of the valve actuating
device and so on alternately so that the slide valves are actuated by the relief of
pressure of Steam alternately from one and the other of the Chambers r.
Figure 5B is an enlarged view of the parts which are used at each side of the
Cylinder as herein before described Like parts are marked with like letters of
reference so that the description of figures and 5 will explain this figure from
which however the chambers 8 s³ and s will be more clearly seen.

page_text: Figure 15 is a general plan of a tandem engine with the central casting in
section on the central line of the slide valves
In the foregoing description I have described actuation of the main slide valve
by destroying the equilibrium of the pistons which impart motion to the main
slide valve by the relief of pressure from one side or other as the case may be and
for the purpose of so doing I have shewn an arrangement wherein the steam at
both ends respectively of the high pressure Cylinder is used as a means of actuating
the respective valves t, &, but I do not bind myself to this particular mode of
carrying out this part of my Invention for it will be readily understood that by
suitably arranging the communications between the ports and chambers it is
possible to destroy the equilibrium at the proper time and place and thus obtain
the same result by other modes twelve examples of which I explain as follows.
First, By subtraction of steam the actuation being obtained from the high
pressure cylinder only.
Second, By addition of steam the actuation being obtained from the high
pressure cylinder only.
"
Third, By subtraction of steam the actuation being obtained from the low
pressure cylinder only.
Fourth, By addition of steam the actuation being obtained from the low
pressure cylinder only.
Fifth, By subtraction of steam the actuation being obtained from one side of
each Cylinder.
Sixth, By addition of steam the actuation being obtained from one side of each
Cylinder.
Further all these arrangements have been described subject to the Steam inlet
being situated in the inside port where the exhaust in an ordinary engine is
situated I do not limit myself to this arrangement since all of the above examples
can be arranged with the Exhaust instead of the steam between the slide valves it
being merely a matter of changing the ports and passages to suit.
The accompanying table will clearly shew by reference to the diagrams figures
18 and 19 the arrangements of the passages to suit different conditions
The letters used on the said diagrams correspond only with those used on the
tables and not with those used in the other Figures of the Drawings or in the
preceding description but the corresponding parts are readily distinguishable
Figure 18 is the diagram illustrating the arrangements wherein the steam is
admitted inside the valve and Figure 19 is the diagram illustrating the arrange-
ments wherein the steam is admitted outside the valves.

page_text: would do or even the common slido valve. Figure 5ª illustrates the application
of a piston valve.
A modification of the valves t and is shown in Figure 16. as applied to one
Cylinder (but it is also applicable for compound cylinders) as applied to my
equilibrium slide valve-Here the piston valve is forced open by the contact of the
piston itself on its tappet like end projecting into the cylinder which contact
forces open the beat valve consequently the passage in between the beat and piston
valve is open to the passage communicating with the piston of the slide valve.
Of course although this Figure shows only the Tappet at one end of the Cylinder
it will be understood that there is a similar arrangement at each end. In this
Figure 16 the communicating tube q is also shown. Figure 16 is an enlarged view
of this arrangement in which the communication from the cylinder opens into the
chamber between the piston valve and the beat valve and the communication with
the chambers opens outside the beat valve. Figure 16 shews the reverse arrango-
ment of these communications. As before stated these valves are arranged at
cach end of the cylinder in the case of single cylinder engines or at each end of
either cylinder or one in one cylinder and one in the other cylinder in compound
engines In compound tandem engines they may be at the respective ends of the
cylinders next to the intermediato casting The parts in Figures 16, 16° and 16b
which correspond with those herein before describod with referonco more especially
to Figures 4 and 5 are marked with the samo letters of reference and froin this
the arrangement will be understood without further description.
In order to relieve the pressure from the chambers by hand to move the slido
valves when required a small passage w is provided from each steam chamber r to
the exterior as shewn in Figure 4 and drawn to a larger scale in figure 5º.
This passage is normally closed by a valve w which valvo is attached to a
push rod w extending to outside so that on one or the other of these rods being
pushed inwards the steam can be relieved from either one or the other of the
chambers past the said valve w³ through a space or spiral groove around tho
said rod w³ and the slide valves be thus caused to move in one or other direction
(according to which chamber is relieved) independently of the passages from the
steam cylinder or cylinders.
If the pipes us to the cylinders and the valves in the arrangement
described with regard to Figures 4, 5 and 5B were disabled or dispensed with
the differences of pressure in the high pressure ports with which the passages & aro
in communication as shewn in Figure 4 will still cause the valves to be actuated.
In certain of the arrangements given in the table herein before stated the
pressures will necessitate (in place of the piston and boat valves t t²) the employ-
iment of a double piston valve provided with suitable stops as shewn in Figure 5 c
which closes or opens a passage marked 34 or 64 lending to the steam.
passages are those referred to in the columns of the said table which are marked
3 and 0.
These 4
Figure 5 illustrates a method of fitting the equilibrium slide valve upon its
spindle by forming shoulders upon the said spindle guaged to such an exact
distance apart as to give the valves when screwed up on to the said shoulders
their true bearing upon the facing of the ports.
It will be observed that in Figures 4 and 5 in the Drawings I have shown
the bye passes as being closed by the pistons p' but where the valves are
actuated by the addition of steam the said bye passes must be made to open into
the chambers at a part where they will not be closed by the said pistons. This 5
would have to be the case for example if the pipes the valves t t and the
leakage for steam through the said pistons p³ wero omitted. Where this leakage
is used however the said bye passos must be cut off by the said pistons. The said
leakage will of course be dispensed with when the valves are moved by the addition
of steam to, in place of the withdrawal of steam from, the chambers r.
The chambers r of figure 4 if desired may be closed in on the side next
the slide valve as shewn in the diagrams Figures 18 and 19 when the passages

page_text: therefrom could be brought to either side of the pistons p* either as in full lines
or as in dotted lines in the said diagrams.
The improvements in the condenser and feed water heater are represented in the
longitudinal section thereof Figure 17 and the said improvements consist as
follows
The condenser and water heater proper consists of a number of tubes one inside
the other the outer ones communicate with one chamber al at each end the
inner ones y communicating with another chamber at each end These two
chambers at each end are preferably formed of plates of wrought iron
with interposed rings or marginal distance pieces between them and bolts or
rivets are passed through the plates and rings whereby the two chambers 2³ y¹
at each end are formed having the plates for their tops and bottom sides the
rings or marginal distance pieces completing the said chambers The outer tubes
open into the inner chambers of the chambers at each end and the inner tubes y
pass through and beyond the said outer tubes at each end and through the inner
chambers and open into the outer chamber y¹ of the chambers at each end
Through one set of the tubes (preferably the inner when the apparatus is used as
a condenser alone) the exhaust steam is passed and through the other set the
condensing water is passed which may be led to the boiler as feed water To
facilitate the condensation of the steam the outer tubes may be enveloped with a
canvas wool or other covering which is kept moist by dipping at the lower end
into a water vessel or otherwise. Such a covering is indicated in dotted lines
at a as applied to one of the tubes It may of course if it be adopted bo similarly
applied to all the tubes. The water vessel is shewn in dotted lines at y Tho
air passes between and amongst the spaces between the outer tubes and the
evaporation of the moisture of the coverings of the pipes assists the condensing
water in the condensation of the steam In order to enable impure water to be
employed to assist in the condensation and at the same time to heat the feed
water for the boiler I envelope the whole of the condensor proper in an outer
casing as indicated in dotted lines and through the space enclosed by the said
casing water is passed. This water will not pass to the boiler and therefore need
not be pure The exhaust steam in this case will be preferably passed through
the outer tubes and pure water for the boiler will be passed through the inner
tubes y A condensing surface for the steam of very considerable extent is thus
obtained. The steam to be condensed and the water for condensing it proferably
pass in reverse directions. The pipes at and are for the passage of steam or
water as the case may be to and from tho chambers a¹ and y¹.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into
effect I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to be novel and original
and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the hereinbefore in part
recited Letters Patent is
First. The improvements in stop, throttle, or other regulating valves, and tho
like wherein the fluid is diverted and flows in opposite directions consisting in
arranging the parts so that the valves can be inserted by, and withdrawn from, and
be operated within, the inside chamber, substantially as hereinbefore described with
reference to Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings.
Second. Forming stop, throttle, or regulating valves, and the like, of an outer
chamber of a spherical figure without covers having the valves operating in an
inner Chamber substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in Figure 1
of the accompanying Drawings.
Third The arrangement and combination of parts constituting the stop, throttle,
or regulating valve, or the like hereinbefore described and illustrated in Figure 1
of the accompanying Drawings.
Fourth In retaining valves for pumping engines or other purposes con-
structing the valve substantially as described with reference to Figure 1 of the

page_text: accompanying Drawings but with the valves capable of sliding upon the central
rod with a spring between them substantially as hereinbefore described.
Fifth The retaining valves for pumping engines or other purposes consisting of
a casing containing inlet passages so that the liquid is diverted and passes through
the said passages in opposite directions the valves which cover tho said passages
being carried by and sliding upon a central rod against the action of springs
substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Figures 2 and 3 of the
accompanying Drawings.
Sixth The retaining valve for pumping engines or other purposes consisting of
a casing containing inlet passages through which the liquid passes in reverse
directions the valves which cover the said passages being carried by and sliding
upon a central rod against the action of springs the said rod also serving as the
means of securing the covers of the outer casing substantially as hereinbefore
described with reference to Figures 2 and 3 of the accompanying Drawings.
Seventh-The arrangement and combination of parts constituting the retaining
valve bereinbefore described and illustrated in Figure 2 of the accompanying
Drawings.
Eighth The arrangement and combination of parts constituting the retaining
valve hereinbefore described and illustrated in Figure 3 of the accompanying
Drawings.
Ninth The means for packing the parts of the rods or spindles which pass
through openings or boxes in valve casings as and for the purpose described with
regard to the packing of the rod c at the parts where it passes through the
openings of the valve casing and as shewn in Figure 1 of the accompanying
Drawings.
Tenth. The improvement in the packing of piston rods or other rods or shafts con-
sisting in the provision of means for forcing or drawing the packing in a helical
or screw like manner around the said rods or shafts substantially as hereinbefore
described and illustrated in figures 4 and 5 of the accompanying Drawings
Eleventh-For the packing of piston rods or other rods or shafts the employ-
ment of a packing box containing a helical groove for the packing substantially
as hereinbefore described and illustrated in Figures 4 and 5 of the accompanying
Drawings.
Twelfth. In packing piston rods, or the like, the employment of a packing, or
packings, wrapped, or coiled, around the rod and not enclosed in a stuffing box but
compressed by, or between, discs, collars or plates or between a disc collar or
plate and the cover of the Cylinder, or between their equivalents, substantially as
herein before described with reference to Figures 674, and 7" of the accom-
panying Drawings.
Thirteenth The arrangements for packing piston rods or the like as herein-
before described and illustrated under various modifications in figures 6, 7, 74,
and 7B of the accompanying Drawings.
Fourteenth. The arrangement for forcing opposite cylinder covers to their
Beatings by compound screwed rods as hereinbefore described and illustrated in
figure 8 of the accompanying Drawings.
Fifteenth-In the water cylinders of pumping engines the improvements in the
arrangement and construction of the valvular parts as and for the purpose herein-
before described and illustrated in Figure 9 of the accompanying Drawings.
Sixteenth-In compound Engines the arrangement of the ports in what has been
herein before termed an "H form" and providing the said ports with slide valves of
a similar form substantially as and for the purposes herein before described.
Seventeenth-In compound engines the arrangement and combination of parts for
actuating the slide valves thereof substantially as hereinbefore described under
various modifications with reference to Figures 4, 5, 5ª 5ª 5º, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15,
18 and 19 of the accompanying Drawings and with reference to the table forming
part of this Specification.

page_text: Eighteenth-In steam actuated valves, operated by the disturbance of equilibrium
of steam pressure, the employment of the tubes, or passages, q, for giving communi-
cation between the centre port past the intervening passage, or passages, to the
pistons p', (which cause the operation of the slide valves) in order to establish an
equilibrium of pressure on the said pistons (p') as hereinbefore described and
illustrated in figures 4, 5h 11, 15 and 16 of the accompanying Drawings.
Nineteenth The combination with my hereinbefore nained improved equilibrium
slide valves of the means or mechanism for causing the actuation of the same by
disturbing the equilibrium of steam pressure upon the opposite sides of the
actuating piston valves substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in
the accompanying Drawings under various modifications.
Twentieth-In compound cylinder engines, the combination of a central casting,
forming the covers of the adjacent cylinder-onds, and containing the slido valves,
and ports, and the passages, chambers, and valves, for causing the actuation of
the slido valves by the disturbance of the equilibrium of steam pressure upon
the opposite sides of the actuating piston valves, substantially as hereinbefore
described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings under various moditi-
cations.
Twenty first The arrangement and combination of parts constituting the
improved compound engine for pumping or other purpose hereinbefore described
and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings.
Twenty second-The arrangement and combination of parts constituting the
improved steam pumping engine herein before described and illustrated in Figuro 8
and in detail in other figures of the accompanying Drawings.
Twenty third-In valves (w³) for enabling the slide valves to be started from
the exterior of the engine by relieving the pressure of steam substantially as
herein before described and illustrated in Figures 4, 5 of the accompanying
Drawings.
Twenty fourth-The arrangement of parts constituting the piston actuated tappet
valve (for use with steam actuated alido valves) hereinbefore described and
illustrated in Figures 16, 16 and 16 of the accompanying Drawings.
Twenty fifth-The general arrangement and combination of parts constituting
the condenser or water heater or combined condenser and water lieater hereinbefore
described with reference to figure 17 of the accompanying Drawings.
Twenty sixth-A Condenser or water heater or combined condenser and water
heater consisting of a main or body part of a series of tubes or passages enclosed
in other tubes or passages the inner tubes or passages communicating with
chambers independent of those with which the outer tubes or passages communi-
cate so that the steam to be condensed is passed through the inner tubes or
passages the condensing water (which is also if required the feed water or water
to be heated) passing through the outer tubes or passages or vice versa substan-
tially us and for the purpose hereinbefore described and illustrated in Figure 17
of the accompanying Drawings.
Twenty seventh-Constructing the chambers referred to in the last preceding
claiming Clause of Plates (c) separated by distance rings or marginal or side
pieces (y) the whole being secured together substantially as hereiubefore described
and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Twenty eighth-Providing the outer tubes of the condenser or water heater or
combined condenser and water heater bereinbefore claimed with envelopes or
stockings (a) of an absorbent material to be kept moist with or without a wator
vessel as and for the purpose herein before described and illustrated with
reference to one tube in Figure 17 of the accompanying Drawings.
Twenty ninth-In combination with the condensing apparatus or water-heater or
combined condenser and water heater herein before claimed an outer casing (2) for

page_text: enabling condensing water to pass through the apparatus in contact with the
outer tubes thereof substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore described
and illustrated in Figure 17 of the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof I the said Thomas Ward have to this my Specification.
Bet my hand and seal this fifteenth day of December One thousand eight 5
hundred and eighty-two.