Improvements in Machines or Apparatus for Shearing Metal.
Year: 1899

page_text: Improvements in Machines or Apparatus for Shearing Metal.
1, GEORG WILHELM Claussen, of 4, Dockstrasse, Geestemünde, Germany, Naval
Architect do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
In the machines or apparatus heretofore employed for shearing metal plates,
section-bars, and rods, there has been experienced the drawback that in making
the cut a portion of the severed material becomes bent so that subsequent treat-
ment is necessary to restore it to the desired straight shape.
Now this invention has for object to obviate this drawback and for this purpose
one of the two opposing blades is made double and the other blade is provided
with two cutting edges, the parts of the double blade being arranged at a distance
apart sufficient to allow the other blade to enter between them, so that there is
cut from the material a strip whose width is equal to the thickness of the single
blade. The small loss of material which is occasioned thereby is amply com-
pensated for by the advantage of the uniformity of the cut obtained, which
prevents any bending of the metal. Furthermore, the cut is made exactly at right
angles to the plate or bar instead of producing a slightly bevelled edge, as has
hitherto frequently occurred in the case of bars or plates of considerable thickness.
In one example of shearing apparatus according to this invention, especially
suitable for cutting plates, the lower blade is fixed and double, consisting of two
single cutting blades which are fixed to the framing by means of screw-bolts
whose heads fit in recesses in the blades. The framing is formed with a vertical
aperture which is recessed at the top on both sides to receive the fixed blades and
is made so large that the upper and movable blade can enter it between the lower
cutting blades and the cut-out strip of material can fall through the said aperture
below the fixed blades. The upper blade is fixed by means of countersunk-headed
screw-bolts to an upper slide which is moved up and down. This blade is shaped
at its lower part in such a manner that two parallel and obliquely directed cutting
edges are formed, which, in the downward movement of the upper blade, co-
operate with the lower double blade in such a manner that a strip is cut out of the
inserted plate of a width equal to the thickness of the upper blade.
In shearing apparatus such as just described the blades may be either transverse
or longitudinal to the machine so that, for instance, flat iron or long narrow
plates may be cut either longitudinally so as to obtain long narrow strips or
transversely so as to obtain pieces of the original breadth but of less length than
the original pieces.
In a machine in accordance with this invention and especially suitable for
cutting channel iron, the vertically moving upper blade is advantageously bevelled
or tapered from both ends in such a manner that the upwardly projecting two
sides of the channel iron are simultaneously engaged by the shears. The lower
part of the shears comprises in addition to a horizontal double blade or pair
of single blades, upwardly extending double cutting-blades which are arranged
at the two ends of the said horizontal blades and which may be fixed to slides

page_text: that are adjustable horizontally for the purpose of altering the distance between
the vertical blades to enable material of different sizes as to cross-section to he
sheared in the same machine. The vertical cutting blades serve as fixed counter-
knives in cutting the sides of channel-iron, and the horizontal cutting blades
serve as lower supports and as counter-blades in cutting the web.
For cutting angle iron having equal sides it is advantageous to arrange the
fixed counter-blades (which are likewise made double) at an angle of 45° to the
horizontal, and the lower outline of the upper movable blade may form an obtuse
angle with its centrally situated apex rounded off.
For angle-iron with sides of unequal width it is advantageous to arrange, as
the counter-knives, a pair of horizontal lower blades and a pair of vertical blades
extending upwardly from one end of the horizontal blades and having an aperture
between them of the same width as the aperture between the horizontal blades.
In this case the upper movable blade has its lower edge inclined or curved from
the side adjacent to the vertical blades down to the opposite side.
The invention may also be employed with advantage in apparatus for shearing
iron of other cross-sections.
Machines according to this invention may also be constructed for shearing out
pieces of metal plate of various shapes. For example in a machine adapted for
the purpose of making oval holes or oval plates, the movable upper single blade
and the lower fixed double blade are of a corresponding oval shape. For the
purpose of distributing the consumption of energy during the shearing action, the
upper blade is formed with oblique edged recesses, whereby the cutting edge is
enabled to act upon a plate by degrees.
In all these arrangements, instead of making the single blade movable and the
double blade fixed, the single blade may be fixed and the double blade rendered
movable or also both blades may be capable of being moved towards and from
each other.
Tatod 1 2011 la.. L Tan1800
F. WISE HOWORTH,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C.,
Agent for the Applicant.
I, GEORG WILHELM CLAUSSEN, of 4, Dockstrasse, Geestemünde, Germany, Naval
Architect, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
In the machines or apparatus heretofore employed for shearing metal plates,
section-bars and rods, there has been experienced the drawback that in making
the cut a portion of the severed material becomes bent so that subsequent treat-
ment is necessary to restore it to the desired straight shape.
Now this invention has for object to obviate this drawback and for this purpose
one of the two opposing blades is made double and the other blade is provided
with two cutting edges, the parts of the double blade being arranged at a distance
apart sufficient to allow the other blade to enter between them, so that there is
cut from the material a strip whose width is equal to the thickness of the single
blade. The small loss of material which is occasioned thereby is amply com
pensated for by the advantage of the uniformity of the cut obtained, which
prevents any bending of the metal. Furthermore, the cut is made exactly at right

page_text: angles to the plane of the plate or bar, instead of producing a slightly bevelled
edge, as has hitherto frequently occurred in the case of bars or plates of consider-
able thickness.
In one example of shearing apparatus according to this invention, illustrated by
Figs. 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawings, and especially suitable for cutting
plates, the lower blade is fixed and double, consisting of two single cutting
blades a and b which are fixed to the framing by means of screw bolts e whose
heads fit in recesses in the blades. The framing d is formed with a vertical aper-
ture c which is recessed at the top on both sides to receive the fixed blades and is
made so large that the upper and movable blade f can enter it between the lower
cutting blades and band the cut-out strip of material can fall through the
aperture c, below the fixed blades. The upper blade f is fixed by means of
countersunk-headed screw bolts e to an upper slide g which is moved up and down.
This blade is shaped at its lower part in such a manner that two parallel and
obliquely directed cutting edges are formed, which, in the downward movement
of the upper blade, co-operate with the lower double blade in such a manner that
a strip is cut out of the inserted plate of a width equal to the thickness of the
upper blade.
In shearing apparatus such as just described the blades may be either trans-
verse (Figs. 1 and 2) or longitudinal (Figs. 3 and 4) to the machine so that, for
instance, flat iron, or long narrow plates may be respectively cut either longi-
tudinally so as to obtain long narrow strips or transversely so as to obtain pieces
of the original breadth but of less length than the original piece.
Figs. 5 and 6 illustrate a machine in accordance with this invention and
especially suitable for cutting channel iron. In such a machine the vertically
moving upper blade f is advantageously bevelled or tapered from both ends or
sides so that the upwardly projecting two sides of the channel-iron are simul-
taneously engaged by the shears. The lower part of the shears comprises, in
addition to a horizontal double blade or pair of single blades a and b upwardly
extending double cutting-blades and h which are arranged at the two ends of
the said horizontal blades and which may be fixed to slides i that are adjustable
horizontally for the purpose of altering the distance between the vertical blades to
enable material of different sizes as to cross-section to be sheared in the same
machine. The vertical cutting blades hh serve as fixed counter-blades in cutting
the sides of channel iron, and the horizontal cutting blades a and b serve as lower
supports and as counter-blades in cutting the web.
For cutting angle-iron having equal sides, it is advantageous to arrange the fixed
counter blades (Figs. 7 and 8)-which are likewise made double at an angle
of 45° to the horizontal, and the lower outline of the upper movable blade f may,
as shown, form an obtuse angle with its centrally situated apex rounded off.
For angle-iron with sides of unequal width it is advantageous to arrange, as
the counter blades, a pair of horizontal lower blades a and b (Figs. 9 and 10) and
a pair of vertical blades h extending upwardly from one end of the horizontal
blades and having an aperture between them of the same width as the aperture
between the horizontal blades. In this case the upper movable blade f has its
lower edge inclined or curved from the side adjacent to the vertical blades down
to the opposite side.
The invention may also be employed with advantage in apparatus for shearing
iron of other cross-sections.
Machines according to this invention may also be constructed for shearing out
pieces of metal plate of various shapes. Figs. 11 and 12 illustrate, by way of
example, a machine adapted for the purpose of making oval holes or oval
plates, in which both the movable upper single blade f and the lower fixed double
blade ab are of a corresponding oval shape. For the purpose of distributing
the consumption of energy during the shearing action, the upper blade f is formed
with oblique edged recesses 7 whereby the cutting edge is enabled to act upon a
plate by degrees.

page_text: In all these arrangements, instead of making the single blade movable and the
double blade fixed, the single blade may be fixed and the double blade rendered
movable or also both blades may be capable of being moved towards and from
each other.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
-
1. A machine or apparatus for shearing metal in which a single blade provided
with two cutting edges co-operates with a double blade or double blades so as to
cut out of the material a strip equal in thickness to the single blade.
2. A machine or apparatus for shearing metal plates and section-pieces, having
an upper single blade provided with two parallel cutting edges and one or more
lower or side double blades, which latter is or are held in adjustable holders to
enable pieces having cross-sections of various sizes to be cut.
3. A shearing machine or apparatus according to Claim 1, for cutting out
round or oval or otherwise shaped pieces from plate without injury to the piece
cut out, in which an upper blade, bent to the outline of the piece to be cut out
and provided with oblique-edged recesses, enters between two lower blades shaped
to correspond to the inner and outer form of the upper blade.
4. Apparatus for shearing metal constructed, arranged, and operating sub-
stantially as hereinbefore described with reference to and shown respectively
in Figs. 1.and 2, in Figs. 3 and 4, in Figs. 5 and 6, in Figs. 7 and 8, in Figs. 9
and 10, and in Figs. 11 and 12 of the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 28th day of Oct
1000
F. WISE HOWORTH,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C.,
Agent for the Applicant.