Year: 1889

page_text: We, AUGUST VON DER HEYDEN, of No. 109 and 110 Lützow Strasse, Berlin,
Merchant, and ALBERT PAUL of No. 4 Steglitzer Strasse, Berlin, Germany, Mechanic,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
The invention relates to the construction of a brake for ordinary street vehicles,
railway and tramway cars or carriages, the object of which is to produce a gradual or
a sudden braking of the vehicle by employing a proportionally slight force. The
construction of the brake is very simple and can be applied to any vehicle without
important alterations.
In the accompanying drawings, Figures 1 and 2 represent the construction of a
brake according to our invention applied to an ordinary spring cart or van.
Figure 1 is the side view, partly in section, of a cart with the brake applied to the
same.
Figure 2 is a top view of the same with the upper part of the vehicle removed and
the unimportant parts of the frame omitted.
The transmission of power to the brake takes place as usual from the coachman's
seat by means of a crank a, the spindle a¹ of which carries below the cart a chain or
rope pulley a² to which the ends of two pieces of chain or rope are fixed, the other
ends of which are attached to the free ends of the long arms c, c₁ of the shear levers
which are made in the form of bell crank levers and carry at the ends of the other
arms d, d¹ the brake blocks e, e¹ which are suitably articulated to the said arms.
The chain b¹ runs over a rotary roller 62 attached to the frame work of the vehicle,
so that by operating the crank a an opposite movement, that is, a closing or approaching
of the arms c, c¹ of the shear levers is produced whereby on the other hand the brake
blocks e, el are pressed onto the tyres of the wheels r, r. The fulcrum f of the shear
levers lies on the same level with the rear axle g of the vehicle and has its bearings in
the bifurcated carrier which is securely attached to the axle g.

page_text: As soon as the crank a has been released the brake blocks e, e¹ are immediately
released by a volute spiral or other spring i arranged between the lever arms c, c
The lever arms d, d' are guided in the carriers k, k attached to the framework of the
vehicle.
The arrangement of the blocks on the shear like. levers renders it possible that by
exercising a comparatively light power on the crank a an enormous force can be
exercised on the wheels of the vehicle by the brake blocks, so that, even when the
vehicle is driven at the greatest speed the same can be immediately braked whilst by a
suitable choice of the diameter of the chain wheel and the proportions of the lever a
slight movement of the crank will suffice to press the brake blocks onto the wheels.
The crank spindle a¹ can be provided with a ratchet wheel, similar to those employed
with the ordinary tram car brakes, into which a pawl pivotted to the flooring or other
part of the car or carriage gears so as to keep the brake partially or fully applied to
the wheels when driving down an incline or when the car is left standing in the street
without attendance. The arrangement of the rollers or pulleys for transferring the
force exerted on the crank to the lever arms can be modified according to the
requirements without departing from the nature of our invention.
Figures 3 to 7 relate to a modification of our invention as applied to railway and
tramway vehicles.
Figure 3 is the side view of a railway goods car with our improved brake applied
to the same.
Figure 4 is a plan or top view with the upper part of the car removed.
Figure 5 is an elevation of the guide block for the brake lever.
Figure 6 represents a modified arrangement of the brake for simultaneously braking
the wheels of the vehicle from both sides.
Figure 7 represents a further modification of our improved brake.
In the brake construction represented by Figures 3 and 4 and in which the brake
blocks E only operate on one side of the wheels, the said brake blocks are attached to
the short arms D of bell crank levers, which are arranged to turn on the pivot F
carried in a suitable bearing beneath the frame of the vehicle. The ends of the long
lever C of the said bell crank lever are connected, by suitable articulated rods or
arms B, to the main brake rod A running longitudinally under the frame of the
vehicle, which, when operated, will transmit the force exercised by an ordinary brake
spindle, a vacuum air or other brake to the levers. No special mechanism for
operating the lever combination being claimed, it is considered unnecessary to
represent the same in the accompanying drawings or describe the same in this
specification.
The parts of our improved brake are arranged so that the brake blocks will be
applied immaterial in which direction the rod A is moved, as the arms B will cause
the ends of the long lever arms C to approach each other and apply the brake blocks E
to the tyres of the wheels not only when the said arms are moved in the one but also
in the reverse direction. The short arms Dare, as represented in Figures 1 and 2,
supported by appropriate bearings K provided with horizontal guide slots K',
Figure 5.
In the construction shown in Figure 6, the brake blocks E are applied to both sides
of the wheels so that the same can be braked in shorter time than by any other
system and without the usual unfavorable onesided action on the tyres. The
movement of the brake blocks is effected by shear like crank levers C¹, D¹, C³, D³
arranged pairwise above each other and turning on a pivot F¹ 'fixed in the lower rail
or rod H.
The bell crank levers are in this case, as also in the construction represented by
Figures 3 and 4, connected to the braking rod A by means of the pivot G¹. According
to this construction, two pairs of bell crank levers C¹, D¹ (2, D² are employed for each
pair of wheels which are braked from both sides. It is in this case also desirable to
employ the bearings 'K for supporting and guiding the lever arms D', D².
Figure 7 relates to a modified arrangement according to which the arms B' are
replaced by chains B2 which connect the ends of the lever arms C, C and run through

page_text: guide rollers J so that when the same are moved backwards or forwards the arms C¹, 0²
of the bell crank lever are caused to approach each other and the brake blocks,
attached to the arms D1, D2 of the said bell crank lever, pressed onto the wheel.
If necessary the bell crank levers can be stiffened by. stays L shown by the dotted
lines in Figure 4. By employing lever arms C, C of corresponding length we are
able to produce not only a very powerful braking action by using comparatively little
force but a very rapid application of the brake blocks whereas the arrangement of the
brake whereby the movement of the rod A in one or the other direction will cause the
brake blocks to be applied can be employed for vehicles independent of the direction in
which the same are driven.
We desire it to be understood that we do not confine ourselves to the special
arrangements of the parts as shown in the accompanying drawings as the same can be
modified in many ways without departing from the nature of our invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is
1. A brake for vehicles, in which the brake blocks e, e¹ are arranged on bell crank
formed shear like arranged levers the long arms c, c¹ of which by operating the
brake crank a and turning the chain disc a² for applying the brake blocks are
brought nearer to each other, whereas the brake blocks are automatically withdrawn
when the crank is released by means of the spring i and the long arms c, c¹ caused to
recede from each other, substantially as and for the purpose set forth in the foregoing
specification, and represented in Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawings.
2. A brake for tramway and railway vehicles, in which brake blocks can be applied
to one side, Figure 3, and 4, or to both sides, Figure 6, of the wheels and are attached
to bell crank levers C, D or C¹ D' C2, D2 the movement of which is effected by a rod A
operated by the brake power and running longitudinally under the vehicle by means
of articulated arms B or B¹ or a chain B2, Figure 7, so that the brake blocks are
applied regardless of the direction in which the rod A is moved away from the central
position of the parts, substantially as and for the purpose set forth in the foregoing
specification, and represented in Figures 3 to 7 of the accompanying drawings.
3. Our improved brake for vehicles of all kinds substantially as and for the purposes
set forth in the foregoing specification, and represented in the accompanying
drawings.
Dated this 28th day of Febru 1889
Dated this 28th day of February 1880
A. VON DER HEYDEN.
A. PAUL.
Per W. H. Beck,
115, Cannon Street, London, E.C.,
Agent.