A LAMP APPLICABLE TO THE BURNING OF SUBSTANCES NOT HITHERTO USUALLY BURNED IN SUCH VESSELS OR APPARATUSES
Year: 1834

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, 1, JOSHUA
TAYLOR BEALE, of No. 11, Church Lane, Whitechapel, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Fourth day of January, in the fourth year of His reign,
did, for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Joshua Taylor Beale, His especial licence that I, the said Joshua Taylor
Beale, my exors, adiñiors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Joshua
Taylor Beale, my exors, adñiors, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term of
years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within England and Wales and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my
Invention of "A LAMP APPLICABLE TO THE BURNING OF SUBSTANCES NOT HITHERTO
USUALLY BURNED IN SUCH VESSELS OR APPARATUSES;" in which said Letters
Patent there is contained a proviso obliging me, the said Joshua Taylor
Beale, by an instrument under my hand and seal, particularly to describe
and ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, and to cause the same to be inrolled in His Majesty's
High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference
being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
1, the said Joshua Taylor Beale, do hereby declare that the nature of my
Invention consists of a lamp, of the application of certain fluids to be burned
in the lamp, of a peculiar application of forced air, and of a peculiar appli-
cation of heat, that is to say:-
First, of a lamp without a wick or glass chimney, and of the application
(for the purpose of being burned therein) of mineral naphtha, and any of the
fluids obtained by distillation, and occasionally rectification, from coal tar,
vegetable tar, animal oil, turpentine, rosin, india rubber, and some other of the
inflammable oleaginous or resinous substances, and of the application to the
Jamp of forced air, in the manner herein-after mentioned.
Second, of a lamp without a wick, and of the application (for the purpose of
being burned therein) of modified essential oils, such as coal naphtha of the
better kind, mixed with about two parts of strong alchohol, sixty per cent.
over proof, or with about two parts of the fluids called by chemists pyro-acetic
and pyro-xylic spirits, all of which I prefer in their strongest state, and such
as essential oil of india rubber of the best kind, which will do without alcohol
or the above spirits, and of the application of heat, in the manner berein-after
mentioned.
Third, of a lamp without a wick, and of the application (for the purpose
of being burned therein) of coal tar naphtha, spirits of turpentine, spirits of
vegetable tar, and similar fluids, and of the application of forced air, and the
application of heat, in the manner herein-after mentioned.
And in further compliance with the said proviso, I, the said Joshua Taylor
Beale, do hereby describe the manner in which my said Invention is to be
performed.
And first, as to lamp No. 1, and the application of the fluids to be burned
therein, and the application of forced air. The fluid is poured into a vessel
or reservoir (upon the principle of the Argand lamp) from the bottom of which
a feeding pipe communicates through a circular perforated base plate screwed
thereon, whereby it can be made to rise or fall, by turning it round, for the
purpose of adjusting the distance of the cone from the surface of the fluid
in the cup to regulate the flame. On the said feeding pipe is a receiver or
cup into which the fluid passes, and stands level with the fluid in the reservoir,
at a height which is a little below the top edge of the cup; over the cup is
placed a cone, supported by a dome, the dome being supported by the base
plate (through which the tube of communication passes as aforesaid). Attached
beneath, and partly supported by an ordinary shaft, is an air pipe connected
with an apparatus supplying air; this air pipo should be about one sixteenth
of an inch in diameter in the bore, varying with the size of the lamp. The

page_text: air pipe communicates with and passes upwards through the feeding pipe, and
through the cup containing the fluid. Air of sufficient density may be supplied
by a single or double acting air pump, or by any of the other well-known
means for forcing air. To ensure the supply of a steady current of air a
quantity may be pumped or forced into a vessel similar to a common
gasometer, or into a receiver, with a safety valve to adjust the pressure; the
stream of common air is thus forced through the pipe in the cup, and on the
application of sufficient heat to the fluid in the cup it becomes inflamed, and
the vapour evolved burns brilliantly until the fluid is exhausted or the current
of air is stopped. When the oil in the cup is of a coarse kind I have found
the ignition of it facilitated by pouring on it a very small quantity of some
very volatile oil, such as coal tar naphtha of the better kind. The force of
air required in the gasometer or receiver is one, two, or three inches perpen-
dicular of mercury, according to the bore of the main pipe, and at the bottom
of the pipe, at its point of ascent, is a fine wormed screw bolt, which acts as
a cock, and by means of which the supply of air is stopped or adjusted, and
the light increased or diminished.
And secondly, as to lamp No. 2, and the application of the fluids to be
burned therein, and of the application of heat thereto. The fluid is poured
into a vessel or reservoir, in communication with which is a common gas
burner with a valve at its base, and a cone and glass, the only other addition
being a handle for screwing and unscrewing the burner from the vessel.
This lamp requires heat to be applied through the medium of a small lamp
placed under the vessel, or by steam (surrounding the reservoir with a steam-
tight case), or by causing hot air to circulate about the same, but I prefer the
small lamp as being the most easy of management. When the fluid in the
vessel boils a vapour is evolved, which may be lighted as an ordinary gaslight.
The quantity of vapour evolved depends on the right adjustment of the heat
below the vessel, in conjunction with the damper, as shewn in the Diagram,
a very small relative flame being found sufficient after the fluid is made to
boil. The lamp is inclosed by a double case, but requires no other external
apparatus. When the vessel requires to be charged the burner must bo
unscrued by the handle, and a small funnel introduced.
And thirdly, as to lamp No. 3, and the application of the fluids to be burned
therein, and of the application of forced air and the application of heat.
The description of the lamp No. 2, and of the mode of applying heat, is in
every respect applicable to the lamp No. 3, but the following are the additional
parts: A pipe passes through a stuffing box, and is made to rise and fall
by being connected with a flexible tube of any suitable kind, or by joints, such

page_text: pipe, being supplied with air of sufficient density, by any of the beforo-
mentioned means, to overcome the column of fluid. I pass atmospheric air
through the fluid because it promotes evaporation, produces a greater magni-
tude of flame, and prevents the formation of soot; care must be taken to
apportion the application of heat to the reservoir. The pipe is made so as to
suit various oils, some being more volatile than others. Thus when the oil is
of a coarser kind the pipe is made to descend to the lower part of the fluid,
whereby evaporation is more promoted. If the fluid burned is of the better
kind it requires the application of a much less degree of heat to the reservoir
than fluids of a coarser kind. Thus if coal tar naphtha of the better kind
was the fluid used the heat applied would be about 120 degrees of Fahrenheit,
the heat applied depending on the quality of the fluid. For the purpose of
further elucidating the several foregoing descriptions, I subjoin or annex a
Diagram in section of each lamp, that the various parts may be seen.
The Drawing No. 1 shews the lamp No. 1. A is the reservoir, which
supplies the fluid through the pipe F to the level of the dotted line in the
cup E. B. B, the base plate of the done, which has a hole in the centre with
a screw cut in it which revolves on the screw cut on the exterior of the feed
pipe F. C, the dome surrounding the cup, as shewn in the Diagram, supported
by the base plate B. D, the cone, supported by the dome. E, the cup,
which should be placed perfectly level. F. the feed pipe. G, G, the air pipe,
about 1/16th of an inch in diameter in the bore.
II, the shelf or support.
1, the substitute for a cock, and by which the supply of air is adjusted. J, the
overflowing pipe to prevent the cup overflowing in case of the supply being
too great. K, K, a pipe to carry away the fluid that may overflow to any
receptacle. Although not absolutely necessary this pipe guards against any
such occurrence.
The Drawing No. 2 shews the lamp No. 2. A, a common gas burner with
cone and glass chimney, with the addition of a handle for unserewing it.
B, the valve for making the supply of vapour more steady. C, the vessel
containing the fluid. D, a small lamp for beating the fluid. E, the double
caseing, with a bad conductor of heat between them, such as atmospheric air.
F, a cup round the base of the burner to inflame a little spirits in to heat the
same at first starting the lamp. G, G, small pipes to allow the vapour to
pass off from the lamp; H, the damper, made to turn with the spindle at any
angle, so as to modify the application of heat to the vessel C. I, I, I, I, I, 1,
are vent holes to allow of a circulation of air. K, K, is an inverted funnell,
which facilitates the escape of the carbonic acid in its descent.
The Drawing No. 3 shews the lamp No. 3, being precisely the same as the

page_text: lamp No. 2, with the exception of the pipe A, A, to be annexed to the
apparatus for supplying the air, such pipe passing through the stuffing box B.
C is a cock for adjusting the supply of air.
I therefore claim as my Invention the lamp Nos. 1, 2, and 3, with the
exception of such parts of it as were previously well known.
I also claim as my Invention the before-mentioned application of forced
air to the lamp Nos. 1 and 3.
And I also claim as my Invention the before-mentioned application of heat
to the fluid in the lamp No. 2.
And I also claim as my Invention the application of the several before-
mentioned fluids for the purpose of being burned in the lamp Nos. 1, 2, and 3
respectively.
And such my Invention being, to the best of my knowledge and
belief, entirely new, and never before used within that part of His Majesty's
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called England, His said
Dominion of Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, I do hereby declare
this to be my Specification of the same, and that I do verily believe this my
said Specification doth comply in all respects fully, and without reserve or
disguise, with the proviso in the said herein-before in part recited Letters
Patents contained; wherefore I hereby claim to maintain exclusive right and
privilege to my said Invention.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joshua Taylor Beale, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, the Third day of July, One thousand eight hundred