Improvements in Grinding or Surfacing Machines.
Year: 1890

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Grinding or Surfacing Machines.
I, GEORGE LIGOWSKY, of the Town of Cincinnati, in the County of Hamilton &
State of Ohio United States of America, Engineer do hereby declare the nature of
my said invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to that class of grinding machines in which parts to be fitted
together with grooved joints are made to act on each other by means of attritive
material, such as fine sand, emery, or the like, applied between them in a moistened
condition; and as coming primarily within the object of my invention
machines for grinding the seats and keys of cocks by means of simple and efficient
automatic mechanism.
relates to
The novelty of my invention will be hereinafter set forth and specifically pointed
out in the claims.
In the accompanying drawings,
Figure 1, Sheet 1, is a plan view showing the general arrangement of a quadruple
machine embodying my invention but with several of the parts omitted,
Figure 2. Sheet 2, is an end elevation partly in section of one of the grinders,
Figure 3, Sheet 3, is a side elevation of the same with the tail stock removed,
Figure 4, Sheet 4, is a plan view of the same with the tail stock removed,
Figure 5, Sheet 4, is a detail elevation of a part of the work supporting frame,
Figure 6, Sheet 4. is a detail of the transverse bar of the work supporting frame.
The same letters of reference are used to indicate identical parts in all figures.
In Figure 1 I have shown the machine arranged to operate four grinders from a
single source of power, and, as each grinder is a duplicate of the other, it is only
necessary in describing this figure to say that A is the driving pulley fast upon a
horizontal shaft B, suitably journaled in a framework midway between and parallel to
two beds C, C, upon which the head and tail stocks D, E respectively, are secured.
On one side of the pulley A is a loose pulley F and on the other a fly wheel G,
while on its end is a crank disk H whose pin a, see Figure 3, is confined in a vertical
slot in a head stock I from which a rod J projects on each side and is guided in a
fixed bearing K.
Upon the outer end of each rod is a rack bar L guided between the uprights of
the head stock and having on its under side a rack engaging with a pinion M, whose
axis is concentric with each pair of head stock spindles and by which they are rotated,
first in one direction and then in the opposite direction as the rods J are reciprocated
by the revolution of the crank disk H. In Figure 3 the head block I is shown
provided with a roller pivoted on its lower end and resting on a flat support c to
keep the inner ends of the bars J from sagging.
Now, as each head and tailstock constitutes a complete machine and is independent
of the others in its action, I would thus describe it referring to Figures 2, 3, 4, 5
and 6. Journaled in the uprights D is a horizontal shaft N upon which is keyed or
otherwise fastened the pinion M. The shaft N is bored out to receive and form a
bearing for another shaft O which is inserted therein and is held from displacement
by a key e inserted through an aperture in the shaft N and projecting into a circum-
ferential groove in the shaft O. The rear end of the shaft O bears against leather or
other non-cutting washers f, while its forward end is threaded as at 9 and has secured
to or formed integral with it one half h of a clutch. The other half of the clutch
is feathered and slides on the shaft N, so that it can be engaged with or disengaged
from the half h, in a manner to be presently explained. Screwed upon the threaded
portion g is a cylindrical block P having its outer end shouldered and threaded and

page_text: having a central bore through it communicating with a bore in the shaft O to receive
the center pin Q
A face plate R is screwed upon the block P and is provided with radially adjustable
jaws. Just behind the face plate and feathered upon the block P is a frusto-conoidal
collar S forming one half of a friction clutch, the other half of which is a hub T
journaled upon the block P and having a frusto-conoidal bore to slip over and become
locked to the collar S by friction. Ä rubber or other elastic facing k is applied to
either of the faces of this friction clutch. The hub T which is the head of the work
carrier has two diametrically projecting arms 1, from which extend two parallel
rods m, n, whose opposite ends are secured to a transverse bar U provided with a hub
centered and journaled on the tail stock. A coiled spring o upon the tail stock bears
against the bar U and forces back the hub T to keep it disengaged from the collar S
except as presently explained.
The tail stock E is of the usual construction employed in lathes and is provided
with a screw adjusted center pin V.
Before describing the machine any further I will describe the character of the
work to be done. We will suppose that it is desired to accurately grind together the
seat of an ordinary brass cock W, Figure 2, and its taper key X. The attritive
compound is applied to both seat and key and the latter is inserted in the cock with
the head of the key centered on the pin Q and engaged by the jaws ; and with its
opposite end centered upon the tail center V. Now it is the office of the machine to
rotate the key rapidly backward and forward in its seat and at the end of each
rotation to knock the cock loose from the key and partially turn it so that as it is
forced back on the key they occupy a fresh relative position. This constantly repeated
action of rotating the key backward and forward in its seat and disengaging it and
shifting its position, effectually grinds the key and its seat so as to be both air and
steam tight.
The cock, in addition to its being held upon the key, is supported by plugs Y
screwed in its ends and engaged by the rods m, n, to the latter of which one of the
plugs is removably secured by a swinging latch p, Figures 2 and 5, pivoted at q to a
block secured upon the rod n and which latter swings over the plug and is engaged
by a catel s upon the sliding block t upon the rod n. The rear end of the block t is
perforated to receive a guide pin u projecting from a block v secured upon the rod n
and a coiled spring w around said pin holds the block t forward, so that its forward
end is in contact with the plug as shown. The rod m is likewise provided with the
parts v, w, u, and t, similarly constructed and arranged, Figures 2 and 4. It will be
observed that the blocks vare adjustable on the rod m, n, for the purpose of regulating
and adjusting the pressure of the two grinding surfaces, for by them the tension of
the spring w is regulated.
A is a transverse bar whose ends engage with and are free to slide upon the
rods m, n, and which is held forward by the block and a similar block a' upon the
rod m, so that it engages with the end of the cock W and has a central opening b₁ for the
free passage of the head of the key X. I prefer to hinge one side of this opening as
seen at c', Figure 6, so that it may embrace irregular shaped keys whose heads are
too large to be passed through the opening, and any suitable catch d' is employed to
hold the hinged side locked."
By reference to Figure 2 one manner of shifting the half clutch will be readily
understood. Here the half clutch i is provided with a circumferential groove in
which is a ring e¹ pivoted on each side of the upper end of a yoke f¹ upon the
upper end of a pedal lever B' pivoted at g¹ to a projection from the frame. A
stop rod engages with the upper end of a spring projected latch guided upon
the lever B' to hold the half clutch i in engagement with the half h, and against
the tension of a spring bearing against the lever B¹. When it is desired to
disengage the clutch it is only necessary for the operator to press down the latch h¹
with the foot until its upper end is freed from the bar C¹, whereupon the spring i
throws the lower part of the lever B¹ forward and so disengages the clutch. It

page_text: is reengaged by merely pressing back the lower part of the lever B¹, whereupon
the latch becomes reengaged with the bar C₁. Any other suitable means for
shifting the clutch, however, may be employed.
Secured around the rear shouldered part of the hub T is a ring D₁, to which is
pivoted on each side as at j¹ a second ring g' having an upward central extension k'.
and a lower inverted T-shaped extension ', Figures 2 and 3.
Pins m projecting
from the frame have their forward ends inserted through perforations in the
extremities of the extension 1, and then have nuts screwed on them, whose coiled
springs n surround the pins m' and bear against the rear side of extension 1.
Secured in a bearing plate F1 upon the upright d is a horizontal slide bar G'
whose forward end has a knuckle joint o' normally engaging with the extension k¹ of
the ring F¹, but which can be turned up by a handle p₁ to a vertical position, as
shown by the dotted lines, Figure 2, whenever it is desired to disengage the bar..G¹
from the ring E¹.
The inner end of the bar G¹ is V-shaped and projects over the rack bar Land
has pivoted to it at q₁ a triangular dog H' normally held back in the position in
Figure 4 by a spring r secured in this instance to a cross piece I¹.
Upon the top of the rack bar there is secured a double wedge shaped block J¹
which on the outer stroke of the rack bar merely presses forward the dog H¹
against the resistance of the spring r₁, but which on the return stroke, owing to
the engagement of the edge of the dog with the rear side of the V-shaped end
of the bar G', gives the dog and bar G¹ a sharp blow, thereby forcing the latter
outward and through the mediums of the rings E₁ and D' engages the hub T with
the clutch collar S, and through the medium of the blocks r, a and cross bar A¹
knocks the cock loose from the key. During the time that the cock is loose from
the key and the clutch S, T is in engagement the cock carrier is given a partial
rotation so that as soon as the block J' has passed and released the dog H' the spring o
is freed and forces the cock back upon the key in a different position of adjust-
ment. The travel of the rack bar is rapid and the stroke of the bar G¹ is almost
like a tap of a hammer, so that very light rotation is imparted to the cock carrier
at each stroke.
It will be seen from the above described construction that when the rack bar is
being reciprocated the pinion M and shaft N are necessarily rotated first in one
direction and then in the other, but if the clutch his disengaged and the joint o¹
turned up the remaining parts of the machine are at a stand still. By engaging
the clutch h, the shaft O and its connected parts become locked to the shaft N
and partake of its motion. As soon, however, as it is desirable to start the knocker
it is only necessary to turn down the joint o¹, thereby pressing the bar G₁ back,
against the resistance of a spring L whose office is to keep the dog H¹ out of
the path of travel of the block J¹ when joint o¹ is turned up, thereby bringing
the dog H' into position to be operated on by the block J' as before described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
1:—In a grinding or surfacing machine, the combination of a backwardly and
forwardly revoluble work carrying spindle for one part of the work, and a revoluble
supporting carrier for the other part of the work, substantially as described.
2: In a grinding or surfacing machine, the combination of a backwardly and
forwardly revoluble carrying spindle, in two parts connected by a separable clutch,
for one part of the work, and a revoluble supporting carrier for the other part of
the work, substantially as described.
3: In a grinding or surfacing machine, the combination, of a backwardly and
forwardly revoluble work carrying spindle for one part of the work, a revoluble
supporting carrier for the other part of the work, and means for intermittently
disconnecting the two parts of the work and shifting their relative positions, sub-
stantially as described.

page_text: 4:—In a grinding or surfacing machine, the combination of a backwardly and
forwardly revoluble work carrying spindle for one part of the work, revoluble
supporting carrier for the other part of the work, a spring for holding the two
parts of the work in grinding contact, and means for intermittently disconnecting
the two parts of the work and shifting their relative positions, substantially as
described.
5 In a grinding or surfacing machine, the combination of a backwardly and
forwardly revoluble work carrying spindle for one part of the work, a revoluble
supporting carrier, for the other part of the work, having one end supported upon
said spindle, a spring for holding the two parts of the work in grinding contact,
a clutch for uniting said spindle and carrier and means for engaging and dis-
engaging said clutch and for disengaging and reengaging the two parts of the
work, substantially as described.
6: In a grinding or surfacing machine, the combination of a backwardly and
forwardly revoluble spindle for one part of the work, a pinion fast on said spindle,
a reciprocating rack bar engaging said pinion, a supporting carrier, for the other
part of the work, having one end supported on said spindle, a spring for holding
the two parts of the work in grinding contact, a clutch for uniting said spindle
and carrier and a knocker bar actuated by said rack bar to disengage the two
parts of the work and to engage said clutch, substantially as described.
7: In a grinding or surfacing. machine, the combination with a backwardly
and forwardly revoluble work carrying spindle for one part of the work, and a
supporting carrier for the other part of the work, of the pinion M upon said
spindle, reciprocating rack bar engaging said pinion, wedge block J¹ upon said
rack bar, knocker rod G¹ carrying the dog H', a clutch S, T upon said spindle,
and means for communicating the blow of bar G₁ to engage said clutch, substantially
as described.
8: In a grinding or surfacing machine, the combination, with a backwardly
and forwardly revoluble work carrying spindle for one part of the work, of a
revoluble work carrying frame engaging the other part of the work positively on
one side and yieldingly on the other side, and means for disengaging the two
parts of the work and shifting their relative positions, substantially as described.
9: In a grinding or surfacing machine, the combination, with a backwardly
and forwardly revoluble work carrying spindle for one part of the work, of the
work carrying frame for the other part of the work consisting of the arms m, n,
supported by the transverse bars 1, U, the transverse bar A¹ engaging the work
carried by the frame on one side, and the spring projected slides engaging the
work on the opposite side, substantially as described.
10: In a grinding or surfacing machine, the work carrying spindle for one
part of the work consisting of the concentric shaits N, O, the latter journaled in
the former and the half clutch fast to the shaft O, the half clutch i feathered
and sliding upon the shaft N, and a lever B¹ for engaging and disengaging the
clutch, substantially as described.
11: In a grinding or surfacing machine, the combination with the clutch hub T
of the work carrying frame of the rings D', E', extension K' and the knocker bar G¹
provided with knuckle joint o'.
Dated this 12th dox of Mar 1800
PHILIP M. JUSTICE,
Associate Agent.