New and Improved Metallic Covers and Utensils for Table and similar Use.
Year: 1896

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
New and Improved Metallic Covers and Utensils for Table and
similar Use.
I, HENRY MARBEAU, of 9 Boulevard Beaumarchais, Paris, in the Republic of
France, President of La Société Le Ferro-Nickel, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows:-
The metallic covers and utensils for use at table now generally used were at
first manufactured of iron, tin or tin-alloys, but afterwards, since the discovery of
Ruolz processes, these utensils have been replaced almost wholly by those at
present in use which are made either of an alloy having brass (copper and zinc)
for its hasis or of an alloy having for its basis German silver (copper, zinc, and
nickel) covered by electro-chemical or any other process, with a layer of silver or
any other analogous metal.
The defects of iron or tin covers are well known; the former do not look well
and as they are quickly oxidised they become quickly covered with a layer of rust
which makes the use of them extremely disagreeable.
Utensils of tin are not sufficiently strong; they are easily bent and cannot stand
high temperatures; and both are soon soiled by use.
As regards the drawbacks of the so called Ruolz covers, without being as obvious
as those of iron or tin covers, they are nevertheless very serious.
In fact, the alloy used in the so called Rulz covers is an alloy in which copper
in a large quantity and zinc in the proportion of half the quantity of copper
enter as the principal elements. Now after the covers have been in
use for
a certain length of time, the protecting layer of silver begins to disappear
in certain places and the more or less yellow colour of the alloy becomes visible
and the surface of the cover is rapidly attacked by black spots which continue to
increase.
The alloy containing more or less copper and zinc is thus laid bare and apart
from the question of cleanliness, the use of it becomes dangerous from a hygienic
point of view, especially if it is left more or less long in contact with acid substances
such as vinegar, mustard, greasy substances etc.
Beside these drawbacks, the covers and utensils for table use (so called Ruolz
utensils) are very heavy and at the same time not sufficiently strong.
The new metallic covers and utensils for the table forming the object of the
present application for patent have none of the drawbacks referred to, and the
advantages of using them are very numerous as will be shown hereinafter.
The new utensils are made of the patent-alloys called "Ferro-nickel" or
"Steel-nickel" the composition of which has been described in the previous
Patents i.e. No. 16318 dated 16 October 1889, No. 5832 dated 29 August 1886,
No. 7179 dated 12 June 1885 and No. 870 dated 21 January 1885.
The covers can be manufactured either by cutting and stamping or by forging
or simply by casting the molten metal into moulds, with or without subsequent
stamping or forging and we reserve to ourselves the right to use them either rough
as manufactured, or after they have been polished and burnished or after they
have been covered, by means of an electro-chemical or any other process with a
coating of silver or any other suitable metal.
Owing to the resistance and lightness of ferro-nickel or steel-nickel, we can
diminish the thickness and weight of table covers and utensils and make thexa

page_text: brilliant and of pleasant tone or sound of chaste designs and having ornamental
effects hitherto unattainable.
These covers and utensils may be exposed to high temperatures and even heated
until they are red hot, without becoming deformed or spoilt.
They do not become oxidised, we may even say that they are unalterable, which
from the hygienic point of view is of extreme importance, as they do not produce
poisonous salts; and this quality of ferro-nickel or steel-nickel, which has not
been hitherto considered in its applications is one of the most important in the
present invention.
The utensils will take a very beautiful and high polish and resemble silver;
they resist all alterations and are not attacked by the acids used in the preparation
of food.
The above remarks apply to utensils of ferro-nickel or steel-nickel, not covered
with silver.
If the utensils are coated with a layer of silver or any other analogous metal,
the good qualities of ferro-nickel or steel-nickel remain. Thus the covers are
very light, of extraordinary strength and moreover when the silver coating
becomes worn away the herein before mentioned drawbacks are not produced as
the metal which does not oxidise or alter has a colour similar to that of silver and
does not produce any of pcisonous salts which the covers used at present are
unfortunately capable of producing.
A further advantage is that the prime cost of our covers and utensils being less
than that of Ruolz metal utensils, an economy in cost is obtained.
Dated this 12th day of August 1896.
BOULT & WADE,
Agents for the Applicant.
New and Improved Metallio Covers and Utensils for Table and
similar Use.
I, HENRY MARBEAU, of 95 Boulevard Beaumarchais, Paris in the Republic of
France, President of La Société Le Ferro-Nickel do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The metallic covers and utensils for use at table now generally used were at first
manufactured of iron tin, or tin alloys, but afterwards since the discovery of
Ruolz process, these utensils have been replaced almost wholly by those at present
in use which are made either of an alloy having brass, (copper and zinc,) for its
basis or of an alloy having for its basis German silver (copper zinc and nickel)
covered by electro-chemical or any other process with a layer of silver or other
suitable metal.
The defects of iron or tin covers are well known; the former do not look well as
they are quickly oxidised they soon become covered with a layer of rust which
makes the use of them extremely disagreeable.
Utensils of tin are not sufficiently strong; are easily bent and cannot stand high
temperatures; and both iron and tin goods are soou soiled by use.
As regards the drawbacks of the so-called Ruolz goods without being as obvious
or serious as those of iron or tin they are nevertheless very marked.
In fact the alloy used in the so called Ruolz covers is an alloy in which
copper in a large quantity and zinc in the proportion of half the quantity of
copper enter as the principal elements. After the utensils have been in use for
a certain length of time, the protecting layer of silver begins to disappear

page_text: in certain places and the more or less yellow colour of the alloy becomes visible.
and the surface of the cover is rapidly attacked by black spots which contin e to
increase.
The alloy containing more or less copper and zinc is thus laid bare and apart.
from the question of cleanliness the use of it becomes dangerous from a hygienic-
point of view, especially if it is left in contact with acid substances such as vinegar,
mustard, greasy substance etc.
Besides these drawbacks, covers and utensils for table use (so called Ruolz
utensils) are very heavy and at the same time not sufficiently strong.
The new metallic covers and utensils for table and similar use forming the
object of the present application for patent have none of the drawbacks referred
to and their advantages are numerous as will be shown hereafter.
The new utensils are made of the patent-alloys called "Ferro-nickel" or "Steel--
nickel" the composition of which has been described in previous Patents No. 16318
dated 16th Oct. 1889, No. 5832 dated 29th August 1886, No. 7179 dated 12th June
1885 and No. 870 dated 21 January 1885.
The articles can be manufactured either by cutting and stamping or by forging
or simply by casting the molten metal into moulds, with or without subsequent
stamping or forging and we reserve to ourselves the right to use them either in the
rough state as produced or after they have been polished and burnished or after-
they have been covered by means of an electro-chemical or other process with a
coating of silver or other suitable metal.
Owing to the resistance and lightness of ferro-nickel or steel nickel, we can
diminish the thickness and weight of table covers and utensils considerably and
make them brilliant of chaste designs and having ornamental effects hitherto
unattainable.
These covers and utensils may be exposed to high temperatures and even heated.
until they are red hot, without becoming deformed or spoilt.
They do not become oxidised, and will take a beautiful and high polish and are
almost unalterable, which from a hygienic point of view is of extreme importance,
as they do not produce poisonous salts and are not attacked by the acids used or
produced in the preparation of food and this quality of ferro-nickel or steel-nickel
which has not been hitherto considered in its applications, is one of the most
important in the present invention.
The above remarks apply to unplated utensils of ferro-nickel or steel-nickel.
If the utensils are coated with a layer of silver or other similar metal, the
good qualities of ferro-nickel or steel-nickel remain. Thus the covers are very
light, of extraordinary strength and moreover when the silver coating becomes
worn away the herein before mentioned drawbacks of Ruolz utensils are not.
produced os the metal has a colour and appearance similar to that of silver and
does not produce any of poisonous salts which the covers used at present are
unfortunately liable to produce.
A further advantage is that the cost of our covers and utensils being less than
that of Ruolz metal utensils an economy in manufacture is obtained.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
Metallic covers or utensils for table and similar use either rough, polished,.
burnished or plated formed from ferro-nickel or steel-nickel by cutting out and
stamping or by forging or by casting in moulds, substantially as described.
Dated this 4th dae of Man 1007
BOULT & WADE,
Agents for the Applicant.