Improved Means for Transmitting the Motion of Explosion-motor Pistons.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd Feb., 1899
Complete Sancifinating Laft
1000
021
2000
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improved Means for Transmitting the Motion of Explosion-motor
Pistons.
We, ANTONIN BRUN and EMIL BARBIER, Mechanical Engineers, both of 14, Rue
Garibaldi, Lyons, in the Republic of France, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
This invention for improved means for transmitting the motion of explosion-
motor pistons has for its object to ensure a more rational and economical work-
ing of explosion-motors by giving different courses to the piston and adapting
these to each phase of the cycle accomplished by the motors, in order to ensure
the complete expulsion of the products of combustion, whilst dispensing with the
combustion chamber, and the objectionable spaces, as well as a large expansion of
the gas, in consequence of the amplification of the course of explosion, the com-
plete expulsion of the gases at the outlet and prolonged expansion in consequence
of the amplification of the course of explosion, being effected together or separ-
ately according to the relative proportions, dimensions or positions of the parts
employed; and consists in the application to gas-motors, petroleum-motors, and
generally speaking, all motors working by explosions, of an arrangement for
transmitting motion by means of a working beam connected to the piston rod,
one end of the beam actuating a driving crank, which acts through gearings
varying in ratio according to the cycle to be accomplished by the motor, on a
crank that regulates the movements of the piston, and controls the other end of
the beam, the relative mountings and dimensions of these two cranks being
suitably adapted to the cycle to be accomplished.
According to this invention a beam is linked to the piston rod, one end of the
beam actuating a driving crank, connected by gearing to a regulating crank
acting on the other end of the beam. The cycle obtained depends upon the rela-
tive mountings of the cranks, their dimensions, the ratio of the gearings, and
that of the lever arms of the beam.
This arrangement can be advantageously applied:
1st. To 4 stroke cycle motors.
2nd. To 2 stroke cycle motors composed of two 4 stroke cycle motors coupled
together in order to effect an explosion at each revolution of the driving crank.
3rd. To 3 stroke cycle motors composed of two single acting 6 stroke cycle
motors coupled together so as to produce two explosions for every three revolu-
tions of the driving crank. In any case, complete expulsion of the products of
combustion is insured, and also, according to the particular case, a prolonged
expansion of the burned gases.
In carrying out this invention as applied to a 4 stroke cycle motor with forward
motion the piston has its rod guided rectilinearly by means of slides or any other
known arrangement. To the end of the piston rod a beam is linked, the extremi-
ties of which regulate, by means of connecting rods two cranks in the ratio of 1
to 2. A shaft which bears a small gear wheel is actuated by one connecting rod in
ID 77

page_text: the ordinary way, that is to say, it makes one revolution for one complete motion
of the piston another shaft is geared to the first to make a half revolution in
the same time and, consequently, at each revolution, displaces the end of the
beam, so that the stroke of the piston is modified from time to time during
each cycle, producing: 1st. Suction from the bottom of the cylinder: 2nd. Com-
pression, the piston not going to the bottom of the cylinder: 3rd. Explosion,
the piston passing beyond the suction course; 4th. Complete expulsion.
the piston returning to the bottom of the cylinder.
The mounting of the cranks for the forward motion is such that the one crank
being in the middle of its backward movement, the other crank is at the middle of
its forward movement, and the beam at right angles to the piston rod.
The combination described gives the following advantages: 1st. The expulsion
of the burned gases being complete, the fresh mixture drawn in does not mix with
the products of combustion since the combustion chamber is dispensed with as well
as the objectionable spaces, it cools the cylinder more effectually, ignites without
difficulty and with greater regularity and retains its form of expansion. 2nd. The
forward stroke at the moment of the explosion being larger than that which pro-
duces suction, the expansion of the gases is more complete and. acts on the piston
for a longer time.
This mechanical motion may be applied to all motors, irrespective of their system
of distribution.
CUMILLIE SPECIFICATION.
Improved Means for Transmitting the Motion of Explosion-motor
Pistons.
We, ANTONIN BRUN and EMIL BARBIER, Mechanical Engineers, both of 14, Rue
Garibaldi, Lyons, in the Republic of France, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement: —
This invention for improved means for transmitting the motion of explosion-
motor pistons has for its object to ensure a more rational and economical work-
ing of explosion-motors by giving different courses to the piston and adapting
these to each phase of the cycle accomplished by the motors, in order to ensure
the complete expulsion of the products of combustion, whilst dispensing with the
combustion chamber, and the objectionable spaces, as well as a large expansion of
the gas, in consequence of the amplification of the course of explosion, the com-
plete expulsion of the gases at the outlet and prolonged expansion in consequence
of the amplification of the course of explosion being effected together or separ-
ately according to the relative proportions, dimensions or positions of the parts
employed; and consists in the application to gas-motors, petroleum-motors, and
generally speaking, all motors working by explosions, of an arrangement for
transmitting motion by means of a working beam connected to the piston rod,
one end of the beam actuating a driving crank, which acts through gearings
varying in ratio according to the cycle to be accomplished by the motor, on a
crank that regulates the movements of the piston, and controls the other end of
the beam, the relative mountings and dimensions of these two cranks being
suitably adapted to the cycle to be accomplished.

page_text: According to this invention a beam is linked to the piston rod, one end of the
beam actuating a driving crank connected by gearing to a regulating crank
acting on the other end of the beam. The cycle obtained depends upon the rela-
tive mountings of the cranks, their dimensions, the ratio of the gearings, and
that of the lever arms of the beam.
This arrangement can be advantageously applied:
1st. To 4 stroke cycle motors.
2nd. To 2 stroke cycle motors composed of two 4 stroke cycle motors coupled
together in order to effect an explosion at each revolution of the driving crank.
Brd. To 3 stroke cycle motors composed of two single acting 6 stroke cycle
motors coupled together so as to produce two explosions for every three revolu-
tions of the driving crank. In any case, complete expulsion of the products of
combustion is insured, and also, according to the particular case, a prolonged
expansion of the burned gases.
In the accompanying drawings Fig. 1 is a sectional elevation partly diagram-
matic, of an arrangement according to this invention for transmitting motion
applied to a 4 stroke cycle motor with forward motion. Fig. 2 is a similar view
showing the improved arrangement applied to a 4 stroke cycle motor with back-
ward motion. Fig. is a similar view showing the application of the improved
arrangement to a 4 stroke cycle motor capable of moving forwards or back-
wards, Fig. shows the arrangement applied to a double acting three stroke
cycle motor and Fig. 5 a modified form of the same.
The cylinder C is a single acting cylinder. The piston P has its rod guided
rectilinearly by means of slides G or any other known arrangement. To the
end of the piston rod a beam is linked, the extremities B B regulate, by means
of connecting rods D I¹ two cranks M M in the ratio of 1 to 2.
A shaft A which bears a small gear wheel E is actuated by the connecting rod D,
in the ordinary way, that is to say, it makes one revolution for one complete motion
of the piston. Another shaft A is geared to the first to make a half revolution
in the same time and consequently, at each revolution, displaces the end B' of
the beam so that the stroke of the piston is modified from time to time during
each cycle producing: 1st. Suction from the bottom of the cylinder: 2nd. Com-
pression, the piston not going to the bottom of the cylinder: 3rd. Explosion, the
piston passing beyond the suction course: 4th. Complete expulsion, the piston
returning to the bottom of the cylinder. Fig. 1 shows the respective mounting
of the cranks for the forward motion. This is such that the crank M' being in
the middle of its backward movement, the crank M is at the middle of its forward
movement, and the beams B B₁ square or at a right angle on the piston rod;
the two cranks M Mare thus rotated from the side in the direction of the arrows.
The combination described gives the following advantages: 1st. The expulsion
of the burned gases being complete, the fresh mixture drawn in does not mix
with the products of combustion since the combustion chamber is dispensed with,
as well as the objectionable spaces; it cools the cylinder more effectually ignites
without difficulty and with greater regularity and retains its power of expansion.
2nd. The forward stroke at the moment of the explosion being larger than that
which produces suction, the expansion of the gases is more complete and acts on
the piston for a longer time.
Fig. 2 represents the respective fixing or mounting of the cranks for a 4
stroke cycle motor with backward motion, the phases of each cycle being the
same as above, that is to say, there are still:-
1st stroke. Suction of the gaseous mixture.
2nd stroke Compression to a certain pressure.
3rd stroke. Explosion, the piston going further than in the period of suction..
4th stroke. Complete expulsion of the products of combustion, the piston
returning exactly to the starting point of the first stroke in order to effect suction.
This cycle is traversed when the cranks rotate backwards, if they are mounted
as shown in Fig. 2; the cranks M M being diametrically opposite in the direc-

page_text: 4th stroke forward motion from 4 to 1 complete expulsion
of the products
backward
دو
2 to 1
of combustion.
"
The piston returns to the starting point for-a-fresh-suctional action.
These motors may be coupled together either side by side or one in front of the
other in such a manner that suction occurs in the one at the same time as ex-
plosion in the other, a two cycle motor being thus formed.
Fig. 4 represents the application-of the-same arrangement to double acting
three cycle motors the only difference being that the ratio of the gearing is 1 to 3.
The cranks are mounted in such a way that the piston being in the mean posi-
tion, the beam B B is vertical, the cranks M M are in the plane A A¹ and both
rotated from the same side indicated by the references 4, 4 or 10, 10.
The cranks rotating in the direction of the arrows the cranks being at the posi-
tions 1, 1, the piston is at the end of the course in the cylinder C and at the
beginning in the cylinder C.
The following are the different phases of the cycle as shown in the drawing:
From 1 to 3 suction in C first partial expulsion in C
From 3 to 5 compression in C, entry of fresh air into C¹.
From 5 to 7 explosion in C, complete expulsion in C.
From 7 to 9 first partial expulsion in C, suction in C
From 9 to 11 entry of fresh air into C, compression C¹.
From 11 to 1 complete expulsion in C, explosion in C¹.
In each cylinder Cor C₁ the first three phases, suction, compression, explosion
each occur in one stroke of the piston.
The escape or expulsion of the products of combustion is effected in three phases.
or three strokes of the piston.
1st. A partial expulsion, the piston not going to the bottom of the cylinder as
in the suction period.
2nd. A backward stroke as in the period of compression, during which the
outlet is closed, and fresh air is allowed to enter the cylinder to cool it.
Brd. The complete expulsion of the mixture of fresh air and inert gases, by the
piston which returns to the bottom of the cylinder.
At the end of the explosion course the piston is at the other extremity
of the cylinder, consequently farther than at the end of the suction course, the
effect of which is to increase the expansion of the gases which act on the piston
during a longer time.
The cycle being symmetrical is reproduced in the two directions of motion of

page_text: the cranks, so that the motor is able to rotate forward or backward if the organs
of distribution are arranged for reproducing the same phases.
A variation of the abovementioned motor is obtained by replacing the double
acting cylinders by two single acting cylinders C C" (Fig. 5) coupled together,
the working beam being mounted on the rods connecting the piston rods of the
pistons PP. The different phases of the cycle recur in the manner mentioned in
connection with Fig. 4.
In all the examples the rectilinear guide of the beam B B' has been indicated in
the extension of the rod of the piston or pistons. It is however not an in-
dispensable condition, and this guide may be placed at any point whatever
of the beam, for instance, at a point where the horizontal displacement of the
beam is least or even at the extremity of the beam. It is also permissible to
give this guide a rectilinear or a curvilinear direction.
This mechanical motion may be applied to all motors irrespective of their
system of distribution.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is:-
1. Driving mechanism for explosion motors, with two cranks which rotate in
opposite directions at different rates of speed, the distinguishing feature being
that, when the two cranks are suitably adjusted in relation to each other, the 4
stroke cycle motor can either run in the one direction of rotation or the other,
or finally, in both directions.
2. Driving mechanism according to Claim 1 the distinguishing feature of
which is that, with a suitable adjustment of the two cranks to each other, a double
acting or a 6 stroke cycle motor consisting of two single acting cylinders can run
in both directions.
3. The improved means for transmitting the motion of explosion motor pistons,
arranged, constructed and operating substantially as described with reference to
the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 22nd day of December 1899
WHEATLEY & MACKENZIE.
40, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Agents.