IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CRUSHING AA CAD Canne AND PHILSE
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Rush Turner and Frederick Turner, of Saint
Peter's Foundry, Ipswich, in the County of Suffolk, Engineers, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CRUSHING
AA CAD Canne AND PHILSE
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Rush Turner
and Frederick Turner at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents
with their Petition, on the 13th June 1855..
We, EDWARD RUSH TURNER and FREDERICK TURNER, of Saint Peter's
Foundry, Ipswich, in the County of Suffolk, Engineers, do hereby declare the
nature of our Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR
CRUSHING AND GRINDING GRAIN, SEEDS, AND PULSE" to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved construction and arrangement of
machinery or apparatus for crushing and grinding wheat, barley, oats, beans,
and all other descriptions of grain, seed, and pulse, whereby the production of
fine meal or flour is effected with less power than has hitherto been required
for such purpose.
The improvements consist in effecting the combined and simultaneous
operations of crushing and grinding in one machine. The mill-for-effecting
these operations may consist of a suitable framework-of-wood-or iron, sup-

page_text: porting a pair of crushing or bruising rollers and a pair of millstones, and
also the necessary gearing for driving or actuating the same. The under
millstone being the runnor, is driven by an upright spindle, which derives its
motion from a horizontal shaft by a pair of bevil wheels. The upper stone
is fixed in an iron case, upon the upper side of which case rests a frame carry-
ing the two crushing rollers and the hopper for containing the grain to be
crushed and ground. One of these rollers may be of larger diameter than the
other, and this roller is driven from the same horizontal shaft which drives the
running stone by means of a driving belt and pulley, or by suitable gearing.
When the mill is set in motion the grain or pulse is distributed by means
of a feed roller between the crushing or bruising rollers, and being there
crushed it descends through the eye of the top stone on to the runner, where
it is ground in the usual manner, and is discharged through a spout or opening
for that purpose fitted on to or made in the case containing the stones.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Edward Rush Turner and Frederick Turner in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 13th December 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, EDWARD
RUSH TURNER and FREDERICK TURNER, of Saint Peter's Foundry, Ipswich, in
the County of Suffolk, Engineers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the eighteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said Edward Rush Turner and Frederick Turner, Her special license that we,
the said Edward Rush Turner and Frederick Turner, our executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Edward Rush Turner and
Frederick Turner, our executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter.
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CRUSHING AND GRINDING GRAIN, SEEDS, AND PULSE,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Edward Rush Turner
and Frederick Turner, by an instrument in writing under our hands and

page_text: seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the.
I said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Edward Rush Turner and Frederick
Turner, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement, reference being had to the accom-
panying Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is
to say:
Our said Invention relates to an improved construction and arrangement of
machinery or apparatus for crushing or grinding wheat, barley, oats, beans,
and other descriptions of grain, seed, and pulse, whereby the production of fine
meal or flour is effected with less exertion of power than has hitherto been
required for such purpose.
The improvements consist of a peculiar combination of parts for effecting
the combined and simultaneous operations of crushing and grinding in one
machine. The mill for effecting these operations may consist of a suitable
framework of wood or iron, supporting a pair of crushing or bruising rollers
and a pair of millstones, and also the necessary gearing for driving or
actuating the same. The under millstone being the runner, is driven by an
upright spindle, which derives its motion from a horizontal shaft by a pair of
bevil wheels. The upper stone is fixed in an iron case, upon the upper side
of which case rests a frame carrying the two crushing rollers, and the hopper
for containing the grain to be crushed and ground. One of these rollers may
be of larger diameter than the other, and this larger roller is driven from the
same horizontal shaft which drives the running stone by means of a driving
belt and pullies or by suitable gearing. When the mill is set in motion the
grain or pulse is distributed by means of a feed roller between the crushing
or bruising rollers, and after being there crushed it descends through the eye
of the top stone on to the runner, where it is ground in the usual manner, and
is discharged through a spout or opening for that purpose fitted on to or made
in one piece with the case containing the stones.
And in order that our said Invention may be fully understood, we shall now
proceed particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose we shall refer
to the Figure on the accompanying Sheet of Drawings.
The annexed Drawing represents a vertical section-of-our-improved crushing.

page_text: and grinding mill." A is the hopper which receives the whole grain; B, B',
the crushing or bruising rollers, which may be either smooth, serrated, or
grooved, the smaller one B' deriving its pressure through the spring a and
small screw and hand wheel 6; C is a reversing plate, whereby the crushed
corn may either be delivered at the spout D or directed into the eye of the
upper fixed stone E, as shewn in the Drawing. This stone is contained in a
cast-iron box or casing F, which carries also the standards for the upper part
of the mill. G is the runner stone, which is 'contained in the box or casing H,
forming the top or table of the framing; I is a spout by which the meal is
delivered from the stones.
h
The runner stone is driven from the main driving shaft J by the bevil
wheel K, which gears into the bevil pinion L fast on the mill shaft M... This
shaft works in the collar bearing N, and is supported in the moveable foot-
step O, which rests upon the adjusting lever P. A hand wheel and 'screw Q
serve to raise or lower the lever which works on the fixed centre R, by which
means the distance between the stones may be adjusted with facility. S is the
coupling which connects the mill shaft with the runner stone. Motion is
transmitted from the main shaft J to the large crushing roller B by the driving
belt T, which passes round suitable driving pulleys on the main shaft and on the
spindle of the crushing roller. The hopper above the rollers being supplied
with corn, when the mill is set in motion the corn is distributed by means of a
small feed roller c between the surfaces of the crushing rollers, and after
being thereby crushed it descends on to the reversing plate G, by which it is
át once delivered in its crushed state through the spout D for that purpose;
or it may be directed through the eye of the top stone on to the runner stone,
by the centrifugal motion of which it is passed between the faces of the two
stones and thus ground to meal, and in that state is discharged from the spout
or opening I in the case of the lower stone.
When the mill is used simply as a crushing mill, the bevil pinion L on the
mill shaft is raised or slid up the shaft, so as not to gear with the wheel on the
horizontal shaft, in which position it may be retained by a set screw for that
purpose. The stones will thus remain at rest, whilst the horizontal driving
shaft and crushing rollers are in motion.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of our said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into
effect, we would 'observe, in conclusion, that we do not confine or restrict our-
selves to the precise details or arrangements which we have had occasion to
describe or refer to, as many variations may be made therefrom without

page_text: deviating from the principles or main features of our said Invention; but what
we consider to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention
secured to us by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is,―
First, the general arrangement and combination of mechanism.for-crushing
and grinding grain in one machine, as herein-before described.
Second, the herein-before described peculiar combination of crushing rollers
and millstones, capable of working either separately or in conjunction with
each other, as required, in one machine.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Rush Turner, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, the Twelfth day of December, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-five.
E. R. TURNER. (L.S.)