Improvements in the Construction of Umbrellas and Parasols and in the Furniture thereof.
Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 20th Mar., 1886.
Complete Left, 20th Dec., 1886.
Complete Accepted, 21st Jan., 1887.
Improvements in the Construction of Umbrellas and Parasols and in
the Furniture thereof.
I GIARDINELLI KIRKMAN of 2 Langley Villas East Dulwich Grove London S.E.
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my said invention to be as follows:-
Immediately after the notch piece which is securely fitted to the stick, I propose using
a loose ferule or collar, screwed on the outer side, which shall be brought into contact
with the notch piece, and also fixed to the stick by a screw, pin, or some other suitable
contrivance, on to this ferule or collar, the open cap will screw, being easily removed,
to allow the cover to be taken off and another fitted, or this cap can be applied without
the screw ferule or collar, & be secured or pinned on to the stick in the ordinary
way. To prevent the perishing of material by reason of water lodging in and about
the notch piece, I propose perforating the open cap with draining holes, which will
allow the water readily to escape when the Umbrella is stood by after use, or these
drains may be constructed by grooves being stamped or pressed in the open cap; In
lieu of the ordinary rose which is put over the end of the stick before the cover is
placed on, I propose employing a disc of soft metal slightly larger in diameter than
the notch piece which will rest on the projecting rim of the notch piece & prevent
the cover coming in direct contact with the sharp edges of the notch, this soft metallic
ring or disc may be used with or without a rose of thin leather or other suitable
material; At the end of each seam of the cover I propose sewing or securing a hook
which by preference I make of sheet nickle or some other non corrosive metal, this
hook will fit into an eye formed in the end of the rib & will hold the cover firmly
and neatly on to the frame, the intermediate fastenings may be made of thin strips of
nickle or other non corrosive metal so constructed as to be easily sewn to the cover
and the ends clasped together encircling the rib sufficient space being left for it to slide
on the rib, thus allowing for shrinkage or stretching of the cover & avoid any
irregular straining, by this means the cover can be readily changed at will, much
time & expense being saved, & the entire structure rendered more durable.
CLARDINELLI KIRKMAN

page_text: Improvements in the Construction of Umbrellas and Parasols and in
the Furniture thereof.
I GIARDINELLI KIRKMAN of 2 Langley Villas East Dulwich Grove in the County
of Surrey, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my said invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
Immediately after the notch piece which is of the ordinary character, and securely
fitted to the stick, I employ a ferrule or collar, screwed on a portion of the outer side,
which by being passed over the end of the stick, is brought in contact with the notch
piece, and is fixed to the stick by a screw, pin, or other suitable contrivance, on to this
ferrule or collar, the open cap screws, being easily removed to allow the cover to be
taken off and another fitted, or this open cap can be applied without the screw ferrule
or collar, and can be secured or pinned to the stick in the ordinary way; To prevent
the perishing of material by reason of water lodging in and about the notch piece, I
perforate the open cap with draining holes, which will allow the water readily to escape,
when the umbrella is closed or stood by after use; In lieu of the ordinary rose which
is put over the end of the stick before the cover is placed on, I propose employing a
disc of soft metal slightly larger in diameter than the notch piece, which will rest on
its projecting rim and prevent the cover coming in direct contact with the sharp
edges of the notch; This soft metallic ring or disc may be used with or without a rose
of thin leather or other suitable material; At the end of each seam of the cover I
propose sewing or securing a hook, which by preference I make of sheet nickle or s
some other non corrosive metal; This hook will fit into a slot formed in the end of the
rib, and will hold the cover firmly and neatly on to the frame; For the purpose of
keeping the seam of cover in a direct line with the rib, I prefer using short lengths of
ribbon sewn on to the cover, and tied to the rib as may be desired.
Fig. 1 in accompanying Drawing shews portion of an umbrella with the draining
cap applied from which it will be obvious that instead of water remaining. in the cup
of the open cap, as at present employed to the destruction of the wire securing the ribs
to the notch piece, and rotting the cover by reason of such water being drawn by
capillary attraction, as the upper part of the cover dries; The water immediately
escapes through the drain holes, and the entire cover consequently dries more rapidly;
Fig. 2 shews a draining cap in section a where applied with screw ferrule on collar b
also in section Fig. 3, shews the construction in plan and section of the end of rib,
the scale of which is enlarged, that the detail may be more clearly seen, at c a cut or
slot is made in the outer face of the rib and by means of a die the outer portion of the
rib nearest to the terminal thereof is struck inwards to such an angle as to enable the
tongue part of cover attachment forming the hook to pass in without any undue
straining and fit itself to the rib at d this angle is shewn by a dotted line e, e. Fig. 4
shews construction of hook (with one side removed) to shew the tongue which will
pass in at the angle of dotted line e, e, as before described and will lie in the hollow

page_text: of the rib, although I have shewn this hook with cheeks partially encircling the rib,
it may be constructed of one long narrow slip of nickle or other non corrosive metal,
the portion which is secured to the cover being a continuation of the tongue, and
perforated to allow of its being sewn securely or otherwise fixed to the seam of the
cover, this construction is also shewn at Fig. 5 in perspective; Fig. 6, represents the
ring or dise of soft metal in plan and elevation at f, f, brought in contact with the
notch piece which is shewn in dotted lines.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is :-
First. The application of a self draining open cap; fitted either with or without the.
internal screwed ferrule or collar, so constructed as to allow all the water to run away,
that would otherwise lodge and accumulate in and about the notch piece.
Second. The construction of the terminal of the rib for the accommodation of the
hook attachment.
Third. The application of the hook as attached to the cover, rendering the fitting on.
or refitting a cover more facile.
Fourth. The combination of all or any of the before described parts or any modifi-
cation thereof in the construction of umbrellas or parasols.
GIARDINELLI KIRKMAN.