.. IN MACHINES FOR DOUBLING AND WINDING COTTON, SILK, AND OTHER YARNS.
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Smith Raworth, of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENT
.. IN MACHINES FOR DOUBLING AND WINDING COTTON, SILK, AND OTHER YARNS.'
Sealed the 2nd April 1874, and dated the 21st October 1873.
•
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Smith Raworth
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 21st October 1873.
I, JOHN SMITH RAWORTH, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR DOUBLING AND WINDING COTTON, SILK, AND
OTHER: YARNS," to be as follows:-
The first part of my Invention consists of an improved flyer, by
means of which yarn may be unwound from a bobbin while revolving
on a spindle with greater facility than by any other means. The flyer is
helix, and is made of wire, or it may be formed by cutting a helical
slot in a tube. The flyer is carried by the spindle and the bobbin runs
loose, or the arrangement may be reversed, the bobbin being fast and
the flyer loose.
1

page_text: In adapting this flyer to doubling machines I wind the yarn in the
first instance double, treble, or fourfold, as the case may be, upon
bobbins, which are afterwards transferred to the spindles of the doubling
frame. The helical flyer is then attached and the frame started. As
the thread is twisted it is pulled off the bobbins by reel flys or bobbins &
placed above the spindles. This method of doubling is not new, but has
been extensively employed in the silk trade. When so used however it
has been customary either to employ a flyer to lead the yarn off the
bobbin or to pull the yarn off without any flyer at all.
Both these methods have disadvantages which are entirely overcome ]
by my helical flyer. In the first place it is very compact so that the
spindles may be placed very close together; secondly, as the yarn draws
off horizontally in all positions long bobbins may be used; thirdly,
the spindle may be driven at a greater speed than heretofore; fourthly,
the yarn will not cut the flyer as it is constantly changing its point of 1
contact.
I also propose to construct on this principle doubling frames for
making sewing thread, heald yarn, and the like from single yarn at one
operation. To accomplish this I fix two, three, or four spindles with
helical flyers on one side of the feed rollers so as to deliver the yarn
doubled by them to the finishing spindle on the other side of the feed
rollers, as has already been done by others, but without the helical
flyers.
I also propose to apply this flyer to all reels and winding frames in
which the yarn is wound from the end of the bobbin, whether the bobbin 2
be stationary or revolving.
My next improvement is the process of doubling is in the preparatory
winding frame, which I construct with a self-acting measuring apparatus.
and stop motion, by means of which every bobbin is supplied with the
same length of yarn, one, two, or more hanks, as the case may be; also, a
in winding for wet doubling I pass the yarn through water and over
rollers running in the same direction as that in which the yarn is
travelling, but faster, in order to lay the ooze the right way. These
rollers are provided with collars or grooves, and being made to move,
endwise act as traverse bars. Moreover both in this process and in the
doubling frame itself I propose to supersede the ordinary water_trough
by using a perforated pipe covered with cloth and supplied with water:

page_text: from one or both ends, or by a pair of plate nippers to each thread,
which will lift the water by capillary attraction.
Finally, I propose to fix the bolsters of the spindles in the spindle
rails, with elastic packing or cement, and to apply a stop motion to the
spindles, which shall cut the thread whenever the spindle band gives
way.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent
filed by the said John Smith Raworth in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 20th April 1874.
.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
SMITH RAWORTH, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of October, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the
thirty-seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said John Smith Raworth, Her
special licence that I, the said John Smith Raworth, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said John Smith
Raworth, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times therec-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an In-
vention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR DOUBLING AND WINDING COTTON,
SILK, AND OTHER YARNS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said John Smith Raworth, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calender
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Smith Raworth, do hereby
declaro the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the samo
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and

page_text: by the following statement and accompanying Drawings (that is to
say) :-
Firstly. My Invention consists of an improved flyer, by means of
which yarn may be unwound from a bobbin while revolving on a
spindle with greater facility than by any other means. The flyer is a
helix, and is made of wire, or it may be formed by cutting a helical slot
or slots in a tube. The flyer is carried by the spindle and the bobbin
runs loose, or the arrangement may be reversed, the bobbin being fast
to the spindle and the flyer allowed to run loose.
Secondly. My Invention consists in applying the helical flyer to
machines for doubling and winding cotton, silk, flax, worsted, or other
fibrous yarns. In carrying out this part of my Invention I wind the
yarn in the first instance double, treble, or fourfold, as required, upon
bobbins, which are afterwards transferred to the spindles of the doubling
frame. When however it is required to double the yarn wet I rewind the
yarn through water on to other bobbins in a winding frame, to be
herein-after described. The helical flyers being next attached to the
spindles the frame is started. As the yarn is twisted it is pulled off the
.bobbin by reel flys or bobbins placed above the spindles. This method
of doubling as regards the general system is not new, but has been and
is extensively employed in the silk trade. When so used however it has
been customary either to employ a flyer to lead the yarn off the bobbin
or to pull the yarn off a shallow bobbin without any flyer at all.
:
Both these methods have disadvantages which are entirely overcome
by my helical flyer. In the first place it is very compact so that the
spindles may be placed closer together than heretofore; secondly, as the
yarn draws off the bobbin horizontally, or nearly so, in all positions long
bobbins may be used; thirdly, the spindles may be driven at a greater
speed than heretofore; fourthly, the yarn will not cut the flyers as it is
constantly changing its point of contact.
Thirdly. My Invention consists in combining the use of the helical
flyer with spindles and flyers of the ordinary kind for the purpose of
making sewing thread, heald yarn, and the like from single yarn at one
operation. To accomplish this I fix two, three, or four spindles with
helical flyers on one side of the feed rollers so as to deliver the yarn
doubled by them to the finishing spindle on the other side of the feed
rollers, as has already been done by others, but without the helical
flyer.

page_text: Fourthly. My Invention consists of an improved winding frame for
measuring an equal length of yarn on to each bobbin and for laying the
ooze on the yarn by passage through water and over rollers running in
the same direction as that in which the yarn is travelling, but faster.
In the case of drum winding frames these rollers are provided with
collars or grooves, and being made to move endwise act as traverse bars,
but for spindle winding frames no grooves or collars are required, the
traverse of the yarn on the bobbin being effected by the rise and fall of
the roller.
Fifthly. My Invention consists in combining with the use of the
helical flyer a method of fixing the bolsters of spindles either whole or
in halves by means of elastic packing or by running them in with fusible
metal or cement.
Sixthly. My Invention consists in combining with the helical flyer
two methods of supplying water to yarn in winding or doubling by.
means of capillary attraction; first, by a perforated pipe covered with.
cloth and supplied with water from one or both ends; and secondly, by
a pair of plate discs or nippers partially immersed in a trough of water.
Referring to the Drawings appended for the more complete elucidation"
of the manner of carrying this Invention into effect, Figure 1, Sheet 1,
is a full sized view of two spindles with helical flyers formed by cutting,
two helical slots in a tube. The left-hand flyer is shewn in section and
the one to the right in elevation.
a is the spindle; b, the bobbin; c, the helical flyer; d is a metal·
braid or collar fixed on and revolving with the spindle, and is for the
purpose of carrying the bobbin and steadying the flyer; e is a cap let
into and attached to the flyer, and is for the purpose of steadying it at -
the top; at h is shown a pin fixed in the braid d, and taking into a:
slot cut in the flyer. This arrangement is for holding the flyor in its
proper position when working.. A variation of this may be made by.
fixing the pin in the flyer and cutting the slot or notch in the braid d.
There is a pin and slot on each side of the braid and flyer to balanco
them in running.
Figure 2, Sheet 1, is a full size view of two spindles with helical flyers.
made of wire, and arranged for finer work than those shown in Figure 1.
The left-hand flyer is shown in section and the one to the right in
elevation. In this case the flyer is shown screwed on to the top of the
:

page_text: spindle according to common custom, but the thread of the screw may
be made much quicker in pitch than is common in ordinary doubling
and throstle flyers. A light iron or brass cap is shown at f. This is
needed only for fine and delicate yarns, and is for the purpose of keeping
the yarn clear of the corners of the flyer at the top.
1)
Figure 3, Sheet 1, is a transverse section made to a scale of three
inches to one foot of a doubling frame fitted with spindles and helical
flyers, as already described. The left-hand half of the Figure shows the
arrangement of reel flys for taking up the doubled yarn, and the right-
hand half shows the arrangement of drums, and bobbins for the same
purpose. a is the spindle; c, the flyer; r, the reel fly; t, the traverse
rail and guide for spreading the hank on the recl; s, the rollers for
carrying the traverse rail. There are two reel flys to cach side of the
frame, which flys are driven by gearing placed between them in the
middle of the frame. The spur wheels are shewn in dotted lines; w¹ is
the large spur on the reel axle; 202 is an intermediate wheel; w³ is a
pinion fixed on the shaft x, which shaft extends to the driving end of the.
frame, and is driven by spur gear from the main arbor of the tin cylinder
in the usual way.
Referring to the right-hand side of the Figure / is the drum. There is
one drum to every two spindles. A is a bobbin placed above the drum and
actuated by it; 12 is a bobbin placed below the drum, and actuated by
it; m¹ is the top bobbin carriage; m² is the bottom bobbin carriage;
n and n² are handles for removing the bobbins out of contact with the
drum; p¹ and p² are thread guides.
The application of the helical flyer to reels and winding frames by
whatever name they may be known is precisely similar to that described
above, whether the bobbins revolve or remain stationary, excepting that
where the bobbin is stationary the flyer must be loose on the spindle so:
as to allow it to revolve round the bobbin.
Figure 4, Sheet 2, is a transverse section to a scale of three inches to
one foot of a machine for making sewing thread, heald yarn, and the
like at one operation. The left-hand side of the Figure shows a row of
spindles fitted with common flyers in the ordinary way. e is the spindle;
g, the bobbin; f, the flyer. The spindles are supplied with doubled
yarn by the rollers 7, which are of the ordinary type, and as the thread
is twisted up by the revolution of the spindle it is.wrapped upon the

page_text: bobbin g by the flyer f; the rollers h draw the ends of doubled yarn off
the bobbins b, carried on the spindles a, fitted with helical flyers c, and
through the rods m, and through the plates k, fixed in the water trough 7.
There are two or three times as many spindles on the right-hand side of.
the frame as on the left, according to the class of thread the machine is
adapted to make. There is nothing new about this arrangement beyond
the helical flyer c and the combination produced therewith.
•
Figure 5, Sheet 2, is a view partly in elevation and partly in section
to a scale of three inches to one foot of a winding frame for winding a
given length of yarn on bobbins ready for doubling and for passing the
yarn through water and over rollers to lay the ooze. In general design
it is similar to a common bobbin winding frame, and therefore the well
known parts need no special description. The spindles a are driven by.
bands from a tin cylinder, and the traverse is worked by a mangle wheel
and racks in the usual way. 61, 61, are the bobbins being wound ready
for transference to the doubling frame; 62, 63, are the bobbins containing
the yarn wound two, three, or more fold, which process may be performed
by Robert Smith's Patent winding frame, or any machine adapted for
the same purpose. This is a common and well known process, and
needs no explanation. is the water trough through which the yarn
passes on pulleys made of tin or zinc f¹, carried on arms fa, fixed on a
shafts, which may be moved by the handle f*, so that all the pulleys
may be lifted out of the water at once or regulated as to the depth of
immersion by means of a set screw and slotted segment f*; h, h, aro
arms carrying wires for dressing off the superfluous water that clings to
the yarn; r, r, are the rollers revolving in the same direction as the
yarn and rising and falling to lay the yarn on the bobbins 6', 6'. The
rollers ”, ”, are driven by grooved pulleys 71 by means of an endless
cotton cord from the grooved pulley, the slack being taken up by a
pulley fixed on a weighted lever k¹. The measuring of the yarn is
done by an arrangement for counting the number of traverses made up
and down by the roller r; n' is the strap fork, and n³ is a spring con-
stantly tending to push the strap on to the loose pulley; n³ is a latch
which holds the strap fork back in its place and opposes the action of
the spring; n' is a pawl actuated by the lever ¹ and acting upon the
ratchet wheel m³, which in turn moves the rack rod m¹ by means of a
pinion gearing into it. The catch n is for holding the ratchet wheel m³
while the pawl n' is falling. When the top of the rack rod m³ reaches.

page_text: Fourthly. I claim the winding frame for measuring the yarn and
laying the ooze by passage through water and over rollers, as herein-
before described and shown in Figure 5, Sheet 2.
Fifthly. I claim the use in combination with the helical flyer of the
method of fixing the spindle bolsters by elastic packing or cement.
Sixthly. I claim the use in combination with the helical flyer of the
two methods of supplying water to the yarn or thread by capillary
attraction, as shown in Figures 7, 8, and 9, Sheet 2.
In witness whereof I, the said John Smith Raworth, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of April, One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-four.
JOHN SMITH RAWORTH. (L.S.)
Witness,
BENJAMIN HILLIER ANTILL.
14, Rokeby Road,
New Cross.