IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING STONE, WOOD, AND OTHER MATERIAL, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO MODELLING IN PLASTIC MATERIAL
Year: 1862

page_text: 'LETTERS PATENT to Edwin Smith, of Sheffield, in the County of York,
Sculptor, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR
CUTTING STONE, WOOD, AND OTHER MATERIAL, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO
APPLICABLE TO MODELLING IN PLASTIC MATERIAL."
Sealed the 19th September 1862, and dated the 20th March 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edwin Smith at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
March 1862.
I, EDWIN SMITH, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Sculptor, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPA-
RATUS FOR CUTTING STONE, WOOD, AND OTHER MATERIAL, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE
ALSO APPLICABLE TO MODELLING IN PLASTIC MATERIAL," to be as follows:-
The object of the improvements is mainly to give facility for obtaining copies
of works of art, though they are also applicable to other productions. For
this purpose the tracing
the tracing point for tracing over the surface or surfaces to be
copied is supported at one end of a bar or frame, the other end of which carries
_ a rotating or other suitable cutter for cutting into the material to be operated
upon to produce the desired copy. The tracer and the cutter are held
horizontally or somewhat in that direction by their bar or frame, which is
capable of adjustment in a rod or frame, which whilst suspended upon suitable

page_text: hinge joints from above inclines somewhat from a vertical line with a tendency
to exert pressure, which pressure may be aided by a weight or by the hand of
the operator regulating the amount of force exerted.
The material to be operated upon by cutting, is either placed upon a bed
capable of rotating upon a vertical axis during the cutting action, so as to cut
around it, or on a bed capable of moving in various directions. By varying
the position of the cutting or scraping instrument, in relation to the tracing
instrument and the axis or axes of motion of the carrier, an enlargement or
reduction of the article copied may be obtained. Apparatus of the kind may
also be employed for modelling from a copy.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Edwin Smith, in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 20th
September 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWIN
SMITH, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Sculptor, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-fifth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said Edwin Smith, Her special licence that I, the said Edwin
Smith, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Edwin Smith, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING STONE, WOOD, AND OTHER MATERIAL;
WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO MODELLING IN PLASTIC MATERIAL,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Edwin Smith, my ex-
ecutors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or
one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date. of the said
Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edwin Smith, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed;
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
thereof, that is to say :-
.
The object of the improvements is mainly to give facility for obtaining copies
of works of art, though they are also applicable to other productions. For this
purpose the tracing point for tracing over the surface or surfaces to be copied
is supported at one end of a bar or frame, the other end of which carries a
rotating or other suitable cutter for cutting into the material to be operated
upon to produce the desired copy. The tracer and the cutter are held
horizontally or somewhat in that direction by their bar or frame, which is
capable of adjustment in a rod or frame, which, whilst suspended upon suitable
hinge joints from above inclines somewhat from a vertical line with a tendency
to exert pressure, which pressure may be aided by a weight or by the hand of
the operator, regulating the amount of force exerted. The material to be
operated upon by cutting, is either placed upon a bed capable of rotating upon
a vertical axis during the cutting action, so as to cut around it, or on a bed
capable of moving in various directions. By varying the position of the cutting
or scraping instrument in relation to the tracing instrument, and the axis or
axes of notion of the carrier an enlargement or reduction of the article copied
may be obtained. Apparatus of the kind may also be employed for modelling
from a copy.
But that the nature of the improvements may be more fully understood, I
will proceed, aided by the accompanying Drawings, to describe means which
I have found to answer in carrying the same into effect.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 shows a front, and Figure 2 a side view of apparatus arranged
according to my Invention, and particularly adapted to obtaining copies of
works of art, such as busts or other objects, having a surrounding surface or
surrounding surfaces.
a, a, is the main framing; b, a table upon which is placed the work of art
or other object to be copied ; and c, the table upon which is placed the block
of stone, wood, or other material from which the copy is to be obtained. The
tracing point for tracing over the surface or surfaces to be copied is held at d,
in the bar e, whilst the other end of that bare carries a cutter f, which, as
shown, is caused to rotate so as to effect the cutting by a drilling operation,
but this may be varied, and the cutting may be effected by abrasión only...

page_text: g
The bar e is supported with capability of sliding on the rod or frame g, and
is capable of being adjusted in position, and set as required on that frame by
means of the screw shaft g¹ carried by the frame a passing through a female
screw formed in a projection from the back of the bar e: The screw shaft g
is turned by the hand wheel g³ fixed thereon, and rotatory motion is imparted
to the cutter f by means of the gut or band h by that band passing round a
pulley on the cutter f, whilst it also passes over the guide pullies i, as
motion is given to it by a hand wheel or by steam engine, or other suitable
power. The pulley is supported upon one end of a lever ³, which turns
upon a fixed centre of motion, and at the end has affixed to it one end of
the cord it, to the lower end of which is fastened the handle ³, by which the
amount of tension on the band h may be regulated. The bar or pendulum g
is suspended from the bar or rod g', carried by the standard a¹, and swings
after the manner of a binge, thus enabling the bar g to advance or recede at
the will of the operator, and when inclined, as shown, a certain amount of
force will be given by the weight of it to the cutter, which force may be
increased by the pressure of the hand or otherwise. The tables b and c are
supported respectively on spindles b¹, c', with pinions taken into by screw
threads upon an axis j carried by the main framing, and capable of being
turned by the hand wheel ¹, in order that both of the tables b and c may be
turned simultaneously and to the same extent with the object to be copied
on one of them, and the material from which the copy is to be made on the
other.
Figures 3 and 4 show a front and a side view of a modification of the
apparatus, shown by Figures 1 and 2, adapted to obtaining copies of objects
in relief. In this case, in place of two tables, there is but one table b with
an upright or support 6 fixed thereon to receive the original to be copied, as
well as the material from which the copy is to be prepared, and which are to
be fixed to the back 62 by clamps or by other suitable means; in other respects
the same letters are employed to indicate corresponding parts to those already
described in respect of Figures 1 and 2. The table 6 will simply have end-
way or traversing motion given to it by means of a screw ke acting in a female
screw carried by the table 6. By applying the tracing instrument on a
separate arm or bar from that carrying the cutter, with capability for adjust-
ment of their relative positions in the direction of the length of the bar or
frame g, an increase or diminution of the size of the copy from that of the
original may be effected.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the means

page_text: which I adopt in carrying the same into effect, I would have it understood
that I do not confine myself to the precise details shown and described, as
these may be varied; but what I claim is the adaptation or combination of
means or apparatus for cutting stone, wood, and other material, substantially
as explained.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edwin Smith, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
EDWIN SMITH. (L.S.)