CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ART OF DYING BY MEANS OF A NEW METHOD OF COOLING THE CLOTH AND OTHER PIECE GOODS (PARTICULARLY IN DYING BLACK), AND A NEW MODE OF APPLYING THE FIRE FOR THE PURPOSE OF HEATING THE BOILER OR OTHER VESSELS, AND WHICH MAY BE ALSO APPLIED TO THE HEATING OF OTHER BOILERS OR VESSELS, WHERE HEAT IS REQUIRED
Year: 1802

page_text: TO ALL TU WHO
THESE PRESENT SHAT
COME,1,JOSEPH
LEWIS, of Brimscomb, in the County of Gloucester, Dyer, do send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty, King George the Third, by His
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Sixteenth day of January, in the forty-
second year of His reign, did give and grant unto me, the said Joseph Lewis,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, His special licence,. full power, sole
privilege and authority, that I, the said Joseph Lewis, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, during the term of years therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the
Town of Berwick upon Tweed, my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
ART OF DYING BY MEANS OF A NEW METHOD OF COOLING THE CLOTH AND OTHER PIECE
GOODS (PARTICULARLY IN DYING BLACK), AND A NEW MODE OF APPLYING THE FIRE
FOR THE PURPOSE OF HEATING THE BOILER OR OTHER VESSELS, AND WHICH MAY BE ALSO
APPLIED TO THE HEATING OF OTHER BOILERS OR VESSELS, WHERE HEAT IS REQUIRED;"
in which Letters Patent there is contained a proviso obliging me, the said
Joseph Lewis, under my hand and seal, to cause a particular description of the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within one calendar
month next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters
Patent, as in and by the same, relation being thereunto had, may more fully

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said Joseph
Lewis, do hereby describe and ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and
declare, first, that my new method of cooling cloth and other piece goods con-
sists in passing the cloth from the boiler over cylinders or rollers erected on a
stage adjoining or near to the boiler, and is performed in the following manner:
Immediately opposite the roller over which the cloth turns in the boiler a stage
is erected of a proper width for the goods intended to be dyed. This stage is
so high that when covered with lead, tiles, or any other material, the gutters
which are placed under the eaves may be sufficiently elevated to convey the
liquor which drops from the cloth while turned over it back again into the boiler.
At each end of the stage is a trough of dimensions sufficient to contain the
whole of the goods intended to be dyed at one time, and which troughs must
discharge the liquor which runs from the cloth into them into the said gutters.
The trough nearest the dye-house. may be placed.so near the wall as to prevent
the liquor from dropping between it and the wall. At each end of the stage a
roller with a winch or handle is placed so high above the troughs as to admit of
the troughs holding the whole of the goods easily, and between the said rollers
with winches or handles other intermediate rollers 'extend over the width of the
said stage at about three feet distance from each other. The rollers with winches
or handles are about thirty inches diameter, and it will be better if the inter-
mediate rollers approach nearly to the same size, as in proportion to their size
the cloth is more easily and expeditiously wound from one extremity of the stage
to the other; though rollers so small as to be only about four inches diameter
may be used where the stage is but short, though with inanifest disadvantage.
An opening is made through the wall of the dye-house between the roller over
the boiler and the stage, and a small roller is placed in that opening to pre-
vent the cloth from dragging on the wall, and another small roller (which may
be removed at pleasure) between the roller over the boiler and the wall. A
cord is tyed or fastened to the, roller with a winch at the extremity of the stage
opposite the dye-house sufficiently long to reach to the roller above the boiler; it
is fastened by a noose to the goods, which are then wound over the roller at the
end of the stage nearest to the boiler, and likewise over all the intermediate
rollers till it comes to the roller round which, by turning, the cord is wound. The
noose is then slipped and the end tyed to the said roller. The goods are then
wound on into the trough under that roller till the whole is out of the boiler;
they are then wound back into the trough at the other end of the stage, and so
on backwards and forwards till the cloth is cool. N.B.-A sloping board or
frame of boards is placed between the wall of the dye-house and the boiler to
save the liquor; but this as well as the small roller placed in the same situation

page_text: must be moveable to allow the workmen' room to keep the cloth abroad while
turning in the boiler. A moveable gutter or gutters are likewise placed between
the wall and the boiler to convey the liquor which runs-from those under the
eaves into the boiler. Three workmen are employed in dying; one of these is
placed when the goods are cooled at each winch on the stage, and the other
keeps the cloth abroad while coming out of the boiler. It is universally allowed
that repeated cooling is essential in the dying of black. To accomplish this
'effectually and expeditiously, and likewise to secure the cloth from the possibility.
of being heat wrinkled, is the object of this part of the Invention. Secondly,
my mode of applying the fire for the purpose of heating the boiler is founded.
on the idea that the stronger the draught (that is, the greater the quantity of
air that can be made to pass through the fire), the greater will be the effect of
the fire on the liquor, provided the heat so generated impinges in the best possible
direction against the boiler: To gain this advantage' I place a 'grate exactly
under the center of the boiler proportioned to its size and the expedition' with
which it is required to boil. "Brickwork is raised about eight inches round the
grate to contain thé fuel, and a distance of about four inches is left between the
flat brickwork and that part of the bottom of the boiler which is larger than the.
grate. The boiler is supported by three half bricks forming a triangle on the
flat brickwork, giving à distance of about twelve inches from the grate to the
bottom of the boiler. The whole of the sides of the boiler are likewise set four
inches at bottom and three inches at top from the brickwork which surrounds
it up to the closing, which closing. is seven or eight inches below the top of the
boiler. At the closing are four flues at equal distances, taking at their entrance
the form of the boiler, which (to induce the flame to spread) are there thirty.
inches. by about three inches in a boiler intended for dying, and which is about
six feet diameter at top, and as they rise gradually become less than thirty inches
and more than three, till they come each of them to a square flue, 'or rather
chimney, of about eight inches diameter; through which the smoke issues; of
two of them may be brought into one at a convenient height (say, about six feet
above the boiler). It may here be observed that the flues or chimneys should
rise immediately from the boiler as' perpendicularly as possible; that is, the
thirty inches should be reduced as gradually as the necessity of allowing suffi-
cient room for the cloth to pass between the chimney to the cooling apparatus
will permit; but where the boiler is not intended for dying, or the nature of its
use will permit, the flues may be more than thirty inches at their opening, the
more the better, and should rise as perpendicularly as convenient. The number
of flues or chimneys is immaterial, provided they are so disposed as to cause an
equal distribution of heat round the boiler. It is very essential that these flues

page_text: or chimneys, should be exactly of a size or, they will draw unequally. Where
the apparatus for cooling is not used, there will be room for the dyer. to throw
the cloth from the roller notwithstanding the chimneys; but if the situation. of
the chimneys should prove inconvenient, an additional roller, made very slight,
may be put up,occasionally a small distance from the boiler, over which the cloth
may be conveyed and drop at once on the utensil. used for carrying the cloth from
the boiler.. By the mode above described you have nearly a perpendicular
draught, and the flame impinges with an astonishing force against the bottom of
the boiler, (instead of being drawn horizontally upon the fire, as is the case where
the flame passes into a flue immediately opposite the furnace door,) and as it
leaves the bottom clasps its sides... The whole of the boiler is thus exposed to
the strongest possible draught and in the best possible direction, being com-
pletely enveloped in flame. The saving in fuel and (what is often of
consequence to the dyer) in time I have found to be from one-third to one-half
over any other mode of the many I. have tried.. When the water is only required
to be heated, as in brewing,, an arch forming a dome may be thrown over the
boiler, and another boiler, somewhat wider in its dimensions, may be placed upon
that arch, rather more distance being preserved between the brickwork and the
boiler. In this case the flue or flues may at their opening nearly surround the
lower boiler, and must not vary in their dimensions; but the flame and smoke
must pass from the upper boiler in the manner before described for the lower
one, only the flues may be four or five inches wide where they leave the boiler..
:
more
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Lewis, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Tenth day of February, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and two.