CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF CON- SUMING SMOKE, AND THEREBY ECONOMIZING FUEL AND HEAT IN STEAM ENGINE OR OTHER FURNACES OR FIRE-PLACES
Year: 1838

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, PAUL.
CHAPPE, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Spinner and Manufac-
turer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Thirty-first day of October, in the second year of Her reign, did,
for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said Paul
Chappé, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I,
the said Paul Chappé, my executors, administrators, and assigns, and such
others as I, the said Paul Chappé, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during
the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within England and Wales, and the Town of Berwick-
upon-Tweed, my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF CON-
SUMING SMOKE, AND THEREBY ECONOMIZING FUEL AND HEAT IN STEAM ENGINE OR
OTHER FURNACES OR FIRE-PLACES;" in which Letters Patent is contained a
proviso that I, the said Paul Chappé, shall cause a particular description of
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be enrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said in part
recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had
will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with such proviso, 1, the said Paul
Chappé, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, is particularly described and
ascertained in and by the Drawings hereto annexed, and the following expla-
nation thereof, that is to say:-
My improvements in the means of consuming smoke and thereby econo-
mizing fuel and beat in steam engine and other furnaces or fire-places consist
in the introduction of a thin sheet of boiling water, which is to be projected
under the bottom of the boiler over the furnace fire in a continuous stream, and
thus by proceeding over the fire in front of the bridge of the furnace prevents the
escape of the smoke from ascending the flue or chimney, as the action of the
water on the unconsumed combustible, matter, which would otherwise escape
in the form of smoke, occasions the whole to be burned so effectually as while
it greatly increases the amount of heat usually evolved prevents at the same
time the
which unburned combustible matter must ever occasion.
annoyance.
The water to be employed for effecting the above purpose must be heated to
two hundred and twelve degrees of Fahrenheit's thermometer, that is, at or
near the boiling point, and is to be projected into the furnace by any suitable
mechanical means;, but as the small apparatus which will be required for the
purpose must necessarily be slightly varied in its construction; and so modified
in its application in order to be suitably adapted to whatever arrangement of
furnace or fire-place in which it. may be used, I have attached to these
Presents a Drawing, in which I have represented such an apparatus as will. be
required to effect its application, to. the ordinary furnace of a low pressure
steam boiler, and which. Drawing will, also sufficiently illustrate its adaptation
to other furnaces, or fire-places. In the accompanying Drawing. Figure 1 re-
presents a sectional elevation taken longitudinally of an ordinary steam engine
furnace and boiler with a pipe suitably attached to the same, through which the
stream of boiling water is to be projected. Figure 2. is, a horizontal or plan
view of the same; and, Figure 3, a vertical cross section taken immediately in
front of the boiler. It will be observed that similar letters of reference are
marked upon corresponding parts in all the Figures. a, a, represents the grate
or fire bars of the furnace; b, the bridge; and c; c, c, the ordinary flues leading
to the chimney:d, dd,d, is the boiler; the feed, pipe; and f, the steam
pipe. The only, mechanical contrivance which is necessary for carrying my
Invention into effect is the insertion of a small pipe or tube 9, 9, into the
interior of the boiler, and it is most simply, introduced through the side, as
represented in Figure 1. This pipe, or tube, must have its upper end open,
and just below the ordinary height of the low water line in the boiler, so that

page_text: the pressure in the boiler; will be sufficient to force the water down the pipe g,
and to project the water into the furnace. This pipe is furnished with a vessel
or receptacle h, for the purpose of receiving any deposit of mud or other
matter which may precipitate from the water. i is a pipe and tap through
5 which such deposit may be removed from the vessel h at suitable intervals';
another pipej also proceeds from the vessel h; which is provided with a regu-
lating stop-cock k in front, and terminates' within the furnace close under 'the
boiler in a mouth-piece consisting of one or more branches, as represented in
Figures 4 and 5. This mouth-piece' or mouth-pieces are constructed of brass,
and pierced: with fine holes to admit of the passage of the water, "and are
screwed to the pipe g. These holes being pierced or bored in radial directions
diverging from the centre of the pipe, as shewn in the detached Figure 5, will
assist the operation by spreading the sheet of water above the surface of the
fire, when by the inflammation of the gases evolved by the decomposition of
the water the smoke will be readily consumed, and thus cause a considerable
economy of fuel employed in the generation of the steam.
These improvements in the consumption of smoke, besides having for their
principal object the saving of fuel, have also a considerable advantage in being
applied to boilers used for the generation of steam; as the peculiar. and
requisite situation of the pipe g, by being just below the low water mark of
the boiler with thus serve as an indication of the quantity of water in the
boiler, and thus exhibit any liability to burn out or burst, for as the water-line
falls below the mouth or upper end of the pipe g, the water will no longer be
projected over the surface of the fire, and thus smoke will issue from the
chimney and warn the engineer of the approach of danger. It is also very
advisable to have a small sheet or stream of hot water projected in a similar
manner either at the end of the flues or in the chimney, in order most
effectually to destroy such smoke or other combustible matter which may have
escaped over the bridges of the furnace during the operation of firing or any
casual opening of the fire doors. The supply pipes in such cases may be
taken from the end of the boiler next the chimney or flue. In the application
of this Invention to other furnaces or fire-places than those used under steam
boilers, the water must be supplied to the pipe which is to project it over the
fire from any convenient cistern or tank in suitable connexion with such
furnaces of fire-places, and heated to the required degree, being projected by
its own gravitation.
Having now particularly described my Invention of improvements in the
means of consuming smoke, I desire it to be particularly understood that, as I
have before stated, the apparatus or pipes must be always modified and

page_text: constructed to suit the peculiar position and application of the same, and that
I have shewn in the Drawings, for the sake of illustration, the best practical
mode of applying the same to an ordinary boiler for a stationary steam engine,
and which I have found to have the desired effect; yet as the circumstances
of its application must vary, and may be adapted by competent mechanics in
many different modes, I claim as my Invention the projection of a thin sheet or
stream of hot water or a shower of hot water over the surface of the fire, or in
the flues or chimneys, (the water being at or near the heat of two hundred
and twelve degrees of Fahrenheit's thermometer,) and its application to
the furnaces of stationary, marine, or locomotive steam engines, and all other
furnaces and fire-places where the said Invention may be applied.
hand
In witness whereof, I, the said Paul Chappé, have hereunto set my
and seal, this. Twenty-seventh day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand oight hundred and thirty-nine.
PAUL (L.s.) CHAPPÉ.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-seventh day of April,
in the second year of the reign of Her Majesty Queen Victoria, the said Paul
Chappé came before our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknow-
ledged the Instrument aforesaid, and all and everything therein contained and
specified, in form above written. And also the Instrument aforesaid was
stamped according to the tenor of the Statute made in the fifty-fifth year of
the reign of His late Majesty King George the Third.
Inrolled the Thirtieth day of April, One thousand eight hundred and
thirty-nine.