IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MAKING COVERED TWIST AND CORD
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Edward Newton, of the Office for Patents,
66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MAKING COVERED
TWIST AND CORD."-A communication from abroad by John Turner,
of Norwich, in the State of Connecticut, and Isaac Emerson Palmer,
of Hackensack, in the State of New Jersey, United States of America
Sealed the 7th December 1866, and dated the 12th July 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Edward Newton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th July 1866.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MAKING
COVERED TWIST AND CORD," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to machinery by which cotton or other yarn is twisted
to form strands, and the strands are covered with silk or worsted, and after having
been so covered may be laid and twisted together to form cord. The machine
is composed principally of a cential main spindle and two surrounding sets of

page_text: strand spindles, which revolve with the central spindle and also rotate upon
their own axes One set of strand spindles carry the bobbins fór supplying
the yarns from which the strands are to be made, and the other set carry the
bobbins from which the covering yarn is supplied One spindle of each set is
arranged in line with a spindle of the other set, so that the strands as 'they
are twisted may be supplied through the spindles which carry the covering
yarn bobbins. The rotation of the strand spindles about then own axes, and
the consequent revolution of the bobbins about these axes, is produced by the
revolution of the spindles with the main spindle, the latter revolution causing
pulleys or rollers on the strand spindles to roll against the inner surfaces of
stationary friction rings, and thereby produce the rotation of the strand
spindles. The diameters of the above-mentioned rollers or pulleys belonging
to the two sets of strand spindles and their respective friction rings are so
proportioned as to produce a sufficiently greater velocity of revolution of the
set of spindles carrying the covering yain bobbins, -as compared with the
velocity of revolution of the other set of spindles carrying the yarn of which
the strands are so made, as to insure the covering yarns being properly wound
around the strands
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Edward Newton in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 12th January 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send greeting
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by ler Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twelfth day of July, in the jeat of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the thirtieth year of Le
reign, did, for Herself, Her heus and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said William Edward Newton, Her special licence that I, the said
William Etwaid Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said William Edward Newton, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MAKING COVERED TWIST AND

page_text: CORD," being a communication to me from abroad, upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said William Edward Newton, my executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under my, or, then, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manuer the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said. Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Edward Newton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Diawing hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked theicon (that is to say):-
This Invention clates to machinery by which cotton or other yain is twisted
to form stands, and the strands are covered with silk or worsted, and aften
baving been so covered may be laul and twisted. together to form cord The
machine is composed pincipally of a contial man spille and two surrounding
sets of strand sp.ndles, which resolve with the central spindle-and also rotate
upon their own axes. One set of strand spindles canty the bobbins for
supplying the yains from which the strands are to be made, and the other set
carry the bobbins from which the covering yarn is suppled. One spinille of
each set is arranged in line with a spindle of the other set. so that the strands
as they are twisted may be suppled through the spindles which cauy the
coveung yarn bobbins. The rotation of the strand spindies about their own
axes, and the consequent revolution of the bobbins about these axes, is
produced by the revolution of the spindles with the main spindle, the latter
evolution causing pulleys or rollers on the strand spindles to roll against the
inner surfaces of stationary friction 1ngs, and thereby produce the rotation of
the strand spindles. The diameters of the above-mentioned rollers or pulleys
belonging to the two sets of strand spindles and their respective fiction imgs
are so proportioned as to produce a suficiently greater velocity of revolution
of the set of spindles carrying the covering yarn bobbins, as compared with
the velocity of revolution of the other set of spindles carrying the yarn of
which the stands are made, as to insure the covering yarns being properly
wound around the strands.
In the accompanying Diawings Fig. I is a vertical section of a machine
for making covered cord; Fig 2 is a horizontal section of the same taken
above the upper series of bobbins, Fig 3 is a sectional elevation of one of
the strand spindles; and Fig. 4 is a top view of the same, Fig. 5 is an
elevation of one of the spindles which carries the covering yain bobbins ;

page_text: Fig. 6 is an elevation of the detachable top of said spindle, Fig. 7 is a vertical
section of the detachable top
A is the frame of the machine, having arranged in the centre of it the
upright main rotating spindle B, and in its lower part a honzontal shaft from
which the spindle B derives rotary motion through a pair of bevil
gears. F. F,
and G, G, are the strand spindles, carried by and arranged parallel with and
at equal distances from the main spindle B The lower ones F, F, carry the
bobbins II, II, which supply the yarn or thread to make the body of the twist
of which the strands are to be composed. The upper ones G, G, carry the
bobbins I, I, which supply the covering varn or thread. The lower spindles
F, F, are fitted to bearings in arms 1°, 1°, and J, J, which are firmly secured
to the main spindle B; and the upper spindles G, G, are made hollow and
htted to rotate upon the upper parts of their respective spindles F, F, but
supported by the upper arms J, J, of the main shaft. The upper parts of the
spindles F, F, are also hollow down to a point below the arms J. J, and an
opening a, leading into the interior of the hollow portion of each, is provided
through the side of the spindle. The several bobbins II, II, are fitted to tuin
easily upon upright spindles h, seenred in-dises 1, 1, which are fast upon
their respective spindles F, F, and the several bobbins I, I, are fitted to tuin
easily upon spindles i, i, secured in dises 1', 1', provided upon their respective
spindles G, G. The lower portion b, b, of the discs 11' are made in the form
of pulleys to work in contact with the inner periphery of a fixed ng K
secured to the framing, and for the purpose of obtaining a rotary motion of
the spindles F, F, on their respective axes through the agency of the fiction
produced between the portions b, b, against the ring in the revolutions of the
spindles F, F, about the axis of the main spindle B
The lower portions of
the spindles G, G, aro made with pulley-like hubs c, c, to work in contact
with the inner periphery of a fixed ng L, in the same manner as b, b, work
in contact with K, for the purpose of producing the rotation of the spindles G
on their respective axes in an opposite direction to the rotary motion of the
main spindle by then planetary revolution about the axis of the spindle. The
outer peripheries of c, c, and b, b, or the inner peripheries of K and L, may
be faced with leather, india-rubber, or other material, by which a suitable
degree of friction to produce the rotation of the strand spindles on then
respective axes may be obtained. The rotation of the spindles G, G, is in the
same direction as that of F, F, but the relative proportions between b, b,
and K, and between c, c, and L are such that G, G, are caused to rotate at a
higher velocity than F,F d, d, are guide pins secured in the discs II', II¹, for
conducting the several yains or threads from the bobbius II, II, of cach strand

page_text: spindle F to an eve e provided on one side of the spindle; this eye conducts
them to the opening a f, f, are guide pins secured in the flanges I¹, I', for
conducting the several yains or threads from the bobbins I, I, to and through
openings 9, 9, provided in the "tops" G₁, G', of the spindles G, G, these
tops G, G', of which one is shewn detached in Figures 6 and 7, are made to
screw on to the upper parts of the spindles G, G, and each has provided in it
two or more series of holes g, g, of different size and number, one or other
1ow of holes being used according to the size of the covering yarns and number
of bobbins of such yain used in the machine at a time. There may be two
or more different "tops" G' provided for each spindle to provide for greater
vanety in the number and size of covering yarns. M, M, are a number of
aims corresponding with the number of spindles F, F, and of those G, G,
firmly secured to the main spindle B above the spindles G, G, and containing
holes to guide the several strands from the latter spindles to the holes ], ],
which are provided in the upper part of the spindle B to constitute what is
teimed in cordage machines the laying top P, Q, is an apparatus ai ranged
on the top of the frame A for taking up the cord as fast as it is made. This
15 substantially like the apparatus commonly used in 1ope machines for taking
up tho finished 10pe, and denives motion through geaung from the mam
spindle B.
On setting the machine in operation the spindles F, F, twist together the
yains from the bobbins I, II, the yains being made to pass through the
spindles G, G, as well as though the upper parts of F, F, and the twist
taking place between the openings a, a, and the holes in the aims M, M, just
before their twist is quite completed the strands receive the yains from the
bobbins II, and (owing to the increased velocity of the spindles G, G, as
compared with F, F.) the yains are wound upon and made to cover the
exteriors of the strands before the latter pass the guide arms M, M, which
conduct them to the laying top to be twisted together between the top and
take-up apparatus by the rotary motion of the main spindle
The machine represented in Figures 1 and 2 has three sets of strand spindles
and bobbins for making three-strand cord, but the number of sets may be
vaned to make cord with a different number of strands.
When it is desired to make covered twist without manufacturing the twist
into cord a single spindle F and a single spindle G and then appendages
contained as above specified and shewn in Figures 3 and 4 may be so arranged
and operated that the spindles have simply a rotary motion about then own axes,
and the covered twist will be produced in the same manner as the strands above
Specified

page_text: It may be practicable to produce the covered twist by making the upper
spindles G, G, rotate in an opposite duection to the spindles F, F, and there-
fore such mode of diving the spindles is to be considered. as embraced by the
Invention. The spindles G, G, instead of being fitted to rotate upon F, F,
may be entirely separated from them, provided that they are arranged with
the axis of each spindle G in line with that of its respective spindle F, but
the spindle G must in all cases be hollow for the passage of the twist or
strand.
Having now descubed the Invention, which has been communicated to me
as aforesaid, and having explained the manner of carrying the same into effect,
I claim as the Invention secured to me by Letters Patent as aforesaid, the
combination with the spindle F and the bobbin II and their discs II' of the
hollow spindles G, the bobbins I, and the bobbin discs I', the latter revolving
independently of and at a greater velocity than the discs II, all in the manner
and for the purpose herein shewn and described,
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Newton, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, the Fifth day of January, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight-hundred-and-sixty-seven.
Witness,
J W MOFFATT,
66, Chancery Lane.
W. E. NEWTON. (L.S.)