IMPROVEMENTS IN PROCESS FOR APPLYING CHINEEING BY DYEING TO SLIVERS OF COMBED OR CARDED FIBROUS SUBSTANCES BEFORE SPINNING THE SAME
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Walter Alfred Barlow, of 6, St. Paul's Churchyard,
London, Patent Agent and Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PROCESS FOR APPLYING CHINEEING BY DYEING TO SLIVERS OF COMBED OR
CARDED FIBROUS SUBSTANCES BEFORE SPINNING THE SAME." A communi-
cation from abroad by Louis Bentayoux, of Paris, France.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Walter Alfred Barlow at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th September 1878.
WALTER ALFRED BARLOW, of 6, St. Paul's Churchyard, London, Patent Agent
and Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN PROCESS FOR APPLYING CHINEEING BY
DYEING TO SLIVERS OF COMBED OR CARDED FIBROUS SUBSTANCES BEFORE
SPINNING THE SAME." A communication from abroad by Louis Bentayoux, of
Paris, France.
This Invention relates to certain improved means and apparatus for chineeing
combed or carded wool, or cotton, or other fibrous substances by dyeing.
In 1861 one Vigoureux patented the principle of chineeing combed wool by
printing or dyeing. He preferred the process by printing which appeared to him
to be easiest of application; but that system presents great practical inconveniences
which have induced the present inventor to study an industrial process, allowing
of the producing of chineey on combed or carded fibrous substances by dyeing.
Until now,
when it has been tried to produce the chineey on fibrous substances,
the sliver has been compressed at the place where it was desired to preserve it in
its original state, as, for instance, in the process of Allart Rousseau, that is to say,
by lapping the sliver on an intermediary plate, and fixing on each side of this plate
gratings maintained by screws at intervals, or again as has been done by Messieurs
Knight, Farinaux and Du Temple, by lapping a hollow cylinder with combed wool,
which cylinder at intervals was provided with rules or strips on which the sliver

page_text: was pressed by a sheet of india-rubber in such way that the compressed parts not
being able to take the dye remained unaffected, but all these processes presented
two inconveniences which made them impracticable.
First. They did not protect the sides of the slivers to be chineeied againgst the
action of the dye which entered the compressed parts of the sliver and produced
serious defects.
Secondly. The sheet or lap of combings to be chineeied being composed of slivers
of different thicknesses, the chineeing could not be equally spread on the surface of
the sheet or lapping, thus causing the dye to enter and spoil the reserved parts.
It has been found that the condition necessary for the production of a perfect
chineey by dyeing is, that the slivers be compressed separately at the points which
are to be preserved in their original state in such a way that the pressure is even,
whatever may be the thickness of the slivers under treatment..
The object of this Invention is to produce the chineey on the slivers of fibrous
substances by "whippings" or windings of bands or strings arranged and pressing
on the sliver.
This process allows the sliver to be perfectly preserved in its original state at the
compressed parts.
For this purpose the sliver is compressed at regular distances by the aid of a
woven band, web, or cord which can, if necessary, be made impermeable.
The combings to be treated are arranged in slivers of convenient thickness, and
lapped with the said band or web; the parts covered or compressed are thereby
prevented from taking the dye, and will remain unaffected by the process.
The length of the lappings and the distance between them being regulated by
twisting the web closely at some parts, and at other parts leaving sufficient room
for allowing the dye to penetrate, it is clear that the twisting or winding of the
said web or band round the sliver will form a spiral regularly interrupted, whereby
is produced a more perfect chineeing than could hitherto have been obtained.
In order to facilitate the regular mechanical twisting or rolling of the web or
band round the sliver, special apparatus has been devised, which is as follows:-
The apparatus consists chiefly of two feeding cylinders delivering the sliver into
a funnel-shaped compresser tube wherein the sliver is compressed.
From this funnel-shaped tube the sliver is fed forward, and a device or bobbin
having a circular motion around the axis of the conical funnel-shaped tube twists
the winding web or band round the sliver, this bobbin on which the web or band
is rolled up being held from rotating by a spring which will not allow the web to
unwind unless the compression of the sliver causes sufficient strain for its release,
and thus the required tightening of the web round the sliver during the lapping or
winding is ensured.
The lapping web, cord, or band is passed from the bobbin through a guide to the
sliver.
The sliver after being wrapped or bound then passes on to two drawing rollers
which are actuated by any suitable gearing which imparts alternately a slow and
quick movement, so as to cause some parts of the sliver to be more closely covered
by the web or band, and leaving others unprotected, or the drawing rollers may
have a movement of even speed throughout, whilst that of the twisting gear is
alternated. Said alternating movement may be produced by any suitable systeni
of gearing or machinery which will be found suitable for the purpose. In a modi-
fication of this Invention I employ a woven band in parts whereof no weft is
provided, the warp in these parts being united so as to form two side cords, one on
either side of the strip.
In this case the alternating movement of the above described apparatus can be
dispensed with, but the guide will have to be altered according to the shape of the
band so as to keep it flat.
A further modification of the Invention consists in the application of a woven or
plaited string provided with flanged reels or bobbins, this string being wound
found the sliver by the aforesaid machinery or apparatus. The reels, which are

page_text: solid, will not bend, thereby certain parts of the sliver will be uncovered, the
length of these parts being regulated by the size of the bobbins, and the distance by
which they are separated from each other will be according to the length of cord
between the reels. In this case the guide would have to be mounted with springs
for allowing of the passage of the reels successively presenting themselves, and then
after the passage thereof to allow the guides to immediately come close together.
The apparatus herein described may also be used to unwind the band, web, or
cord when the dyeing has been done.
The arrangement of the machinery here described may be altered to suit different
requirements. Thus, the bobbins carrying the web or band may be placed on the
compresser tube, and the web or band be passed over a revolving wing instead of
the guide before mentioned, thereby wrapping the web or cord round the sliver;
and in this manner several bands or cords coming from the said bobbin or bobbins'
may be simultaneously wrapped round the sliver i'.
In order to afford more resistance to the winding cords or bands during the
wrapping or binding, a solid body will be introduced into the funnel, and upon this
the sliver and winding bands or cords delivered by the bobbin or feeding or winding
device will be wound. This solid body can be a rope of flax or hemp, or india-
rubber, or a chain made of wooden links, or a rope coated with metallic thread, or
any other convenient material. The use of this solid body allows of the cord,
winding web, or band being wrapped spirally on the sliver, and consequently to.
dispense with the alternate stoppage of the machine. Thus the strengthening cord
or core, together with the winding web, cord, or band, produce a compressing effect
upon the sliver sufficient to prevent the soaking in of the dye.
The principle of wrapping or alternate.compressing the sliver can also be effected
by means of blocks or pieces of wood or metal applied'one upon the other, and
arranged in such way that a solid portion of one will enter into a recess in the
other, the blocks being cramped together by screws after the sliver or slivers has
or have been introduced between them.
Thus the blocks compress the sliver at intervals, and they are so connected with
each other as to form when charged an endless apron or creeper which may be
mounted on two axes capable of rotating within the dye bath. This application
which admits of the super-position of several slivers presents also the advantage of
pressing the reserved parts of each isolated sliver. When desired, the superposed
slivers may remain stationary and dye be caused to circulate through the system.
Instead of operating the pressure of the bars one against the other by means of
several cramping screws, the whole system may be placed in a closed box so as to
compress the grates one against another by means of a plate acted upon by a
central pressure screw. In this case the dye would be injected through an aperture
in the box containing the system by means of a pump or injector, or by means of a
vat or cistern placed above the chineeing apparatus, the dye being allowed to flow
in through and out of the box, when it will be re-used until the mass is sufficiently'
dyed.
In order to facilitate the operation the box is provided with a steam heating pipe
to main the injected dye at the desired temperature. In the same manner mordants
can be injected as well as air when it is required to dry the fibrous substance.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Walter Alfred Barlow in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 27th
March 1879.
WALTER ALFRED BARLOW, of 6, St. Paul's Churchyard, London, Patent Agent
and Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PROCESS FOR APPLYING CHINEEING BY
DYEING TO SLIVERS OF COMBED OR CARDED FIBROUS SUBSTANCES BEFORE
SPINNING THE SAME." A communication from abroad by Louis Bentayoux, of
Paris, France.
This Invention relates to certain improved means and apparatus for chineeing
combed or carded wool or cotton or other fibrous substances by dyeing.
In 1861 one Vigoureux patented the principle of chineeing combed wool by
printing or dyeing. He preferred the process by printing which appeared to him
to be the easiest of application, but that system presents great practical incon-
veniences which have induced the present inventor to study an industrial process
allowing of the producing of chineey on combed or carded fibrous substances by
dyeing. Until now when it has been tried to produce chineey on fibrous substances
the sliver has been compressed at the place where it was desired to preserve it in
its original state, as for instance in the process of Allart Rousseau, that is to say,
by lapping the sliver on an intermediary plate and fixing on each side of this plate
gratings maintained by screws at intervals, or again as has been done by Messieurs
Knight, Farinaux, and Du Temple, by lapping a hollow cylinder with combed wool,
which cylinder at intervals was provided with rules or strips on which the sliver
was pressed by a sheet of india-rubber in such way that the compressed parts
But all these processes
not being able to take the dye remained unaffected.
presented two inconveniences which made them impracticable. 1st. They did not
protect the sides of the slivers to be chineeied against the action of the dye which
entered the compressed parts of the sliver and produced serious defects. 2nd. The
sheet or lap of combings to be chineeied being composed of slivers of different
thickness the chineeing could not be equally spread on the surface of the sheet or
lapping, thus causing the dye to enter and spoil the reserved parts. It has been
found that the condition necessary for the production of a perfect chineeing by
dyeing is that the slivers be sompressed separately at the points which are to be
preserved in their original state in such a way that the pressure is even whatever
may be the thickness of the slivers under treatment.
The object of this Invention is to produce the chineey on the slivers of fibrous
substances by "whippings" or windings of bands or strings arranged and pressing
on
the sliver; this process allows the sliver to be perfectly preserved in its
original state at the compressed parts. For this purpose the sliver is compressed
at regular distances by the aid of a woven band, web, or cord, which can if necessary
be made impermeable. The combings to be treated are arranged in slivers of con-
venient thickness and lapped spirally with the said band or web; the parts covered
or compressed are thereby prevented from taking the dye and will remain unaffected
by the process.
The length of the lappings and the distance between them being
regulated by twisting the web closely at some parts and at other parts leaving
sufficient room for allowing the dye to penetrate. It is clear that the twisting or
winding of the said web or band round the sliver will form a spiral regularly
interrupted whereby is produced a more perfect chineeing than could hitherto have
been obtained. In order to facilitate the regular mechanical twisting or rolling of
the web or band round the sliver special apparatus has been devised which is as
follows: The apparatus consists chiefly of two feeding cylinders delivering the
sliver into a funnel-shaped compresser tube wherein the sliver is compressed; from
this funnel-shaped tube the sliver is fed forward and a device or bobbin, having a
circular motion around the axis of the conical funnel-shaped tube, twists the web or
band round the sliver. This bobbin on which the web or band is rolled up being

page_text: held from rotating by a spring which will not allow the web to unwind unless the
compression of the sliver causes sufficient strain for its release and thus the required
tightening of the web round the sliver during the lapping is ensured; the lapping
web or cord is passed from the bobbin through a guide to the sliver. The sliver
after being wrapped or bound then passes on to two drawing rollers which are
actuated by any suitable gearing which imparts alternately a slow and quick move-
ment so as to cause some parts of the sliver to be more closely covered by the web
or band and leaving others unprotected, or the drawing rollers may have a move-
ment of even speed throughout whilst that of the twisting gear is alternated; said
alternating movement may be produced by any suitable system of gearing or
machinery which will be found suitable for the purpose.
In a modification of this Invention I employ a woven band in parts whereof no
weft is provided, the warp in these parts being united so as to form two side cords
one on either side of the strip; in this case the alternating movement of the above
described apparatus can be dispensed with, but the guide will have to be altered
to the shape of the band so as to keep it flat.
A further modification of the Invention consists in the application of a woven or
plaited string provided with flanged reels or bobbins, this string being wound round
the sliver by the aforesaid machinery or apparatus. The reels which are solid will
not bend, thereby certain parts of the sliver will be uncovered, the length of these
parts being regulated by the size of the bobbins, and the distance by which they
are separated from each other will be according to the length of cord between the
reels. In this case the guide would have to be mounted with springs for allowing
of the passage of the reels successively presenting themselves and then after the
passage thereof to allow the guides to immediately come close together.
The apparatus herein described may also be used to unwind the band, web, or
cord when the dyeing has been done, and in this case it will be sufficient to intro-
duce the dyed and dried sliver through the drawing rollers and to reverse the
machine.
In the Drawings, Fig. 1 is a vertical section of the machine for lapping the band,
web, or cord around the sliver. A is a bobbin carrying the sliver to be treated ;
B, conical funnel; C, pulley effecting the movement around the funnel of the
support; D is bracket piece carrying the axis of a bobbin E mounted on an axis
F, and is held by the spring G so as to produce the tightening of the binding cord;
H is a guide eye through which passes the binding band, web, or cord, and turning
with same; J are drawing rollers.
The alternate movement producing the accelerated drawing forwards of the sliver
is not represented here, but any system of driving gearing or movement producing
this alternative drawing forwards may be employed, or which is the same thing, all
movement which will effect the alternate stopping of the rotatory movement of the
bobbin E.
In Fig. 2 is represented a band with alternately woven parts, and wherein the
threads of the warp are united at the unwoven part in two strings a, b.
With this kind of binding band there need not be given to the bobbin E an
alternate stoppage, nor to the sliver an alternate accelerated movement. The guide H
must be rectangular in order to guide the binding band flat.
In Fig. 3 is represented a cord having wooden bobbins on reels à arranged thereon
at regular intervals. This cord when carried around by the bobbin E will be wrapped
around the sliver at intervals, and the reels a being inflexible will leave an unbound
portion of the sliver in each case, as is represented in Fig. 4, c being the bound part,
and d the part to be dyed. For the use of this kind of binding cord the guide H
will be modified as represented in top view, Fig. 5, wherein the jaws 1, 2, are
mounted with springs and allow of the passage of the rope, but when a reel a
presents itself the springs of the jaws yield, so as to let same pass when it reassumes
its normal position.
In order to afford more resistance to the winding cords or bands during the
wrapping or binding a solid body will be introduced into the funnel B, and upon

page_text: this the sliver and winding bands or cords delivered by the bobbin or feeding or
winding device E will be wound. This solid body can be a rope of flax or hemp or
india-rubber, or a chain made of wooden or vulcanite links, or a rope coated
with metallic thread, or any other convenient material, such as in Fig. 6. The
use of this solid body allows of the binding web, cord, or band being wrapped
spirally on the sliver, and consequently to dispense with the alternate stoppage of
the machine. Thus the strengthening cord or core, together with the winding web,
cord or band, produce a compressing effect upon the sliver sufficient to prevent the
soaking in of the dye.
Any other disposition of the apparatus for wrapping as described above may be
employed; for instance, the bobbin E may be placed on the axis of the funnel B
and the binding cord be conducted to a revolving wing, which will take the place of
the guide H and turning around the sliver. It is possible so to wrap simultaneously
several strings delivered by the bobbin E, or by several bobbins placed side by side,
or wrap a thong of strings on the sliver.
The principle of wrapping or alternately compressing the sliver can also be effected
by means of blocks or pieces of wood or metal applied one upon the other and
arranged in such way that a solid portion of one will enter into a recess in the
other, the blocks being cramped together by screws e after the sliver or slivers has
or have been introduced between them, as shown in Fig. 7 and 8. Thus the blocks
compress the sliver at intervals, and they are so connected with each other so as to
form when charged an endless apron or creeper, which may be mounted on two axes,
as shown in Fig. 8, capable of rotating within the dye bath. This application,
which admits of the superposing of several slivers, presents also the advantage of
pressing the reserved parts of each isolated sliver. When desired the superposed
slivers may remain stationary and dyo be caused to circulate through the system.
Instead of operating the pressure of the bars one against the other by means of
several cramping screws, the whole system may be placed in a closed box so as to
compress the grates one against the other by means of a plate acted upon by a
central pressure screw. In this case the dye would be injected through an aperture
in the box containing the system by means of a pump or injector, or by means of a
vat or cistern placed above the chineeing apparatus, the dye being allowed to flow
in, through, and out of the box, when it will be rinsed until the mass is sufficiently
dyed.
In order to facilitate the operation the box is provided with a steam beating pipe
to maintain the injected dye at the desired temperature. In the same manner
mordants can be injected as well as air when it is required to dry the fibrous
substance.
These compressing bars or grates are represented in Figs. 9 and 10, Fig. 10
representing a section of two of the said bars K used to form the grates shown in
Fig. 9 within the box M, N, and pressed one against the other with the slivers
between them by a central pressure screw O, furnished with a hand wheel P, the
bars K forming the grates being by preference made of hardened india-rubber or
vulcanite.
Having now described the nature and particulars of the said Invention in such
wise that they may be readily carried into practical effect, I claim,--
Firstly. The method of producing chineeing on slivers of combed or carded
fibrous substances by means of organs wrapping each sliver or assemblage of isolated
slivers, whether said organs be cords, bands, or pieces of wood or metal, compressing
the slivers and enwrapping them from distance to distance.
Secondly. The use of the mechanical combination herein described to produce
these effects, substantially as set forth and shown in Fig. 1.
Thirdly. The use of bands, having some parts full and some parts open, as
described and shown in Figs. 2, 3, and 4.
Fourthly. The introducing of a solid body, serving as a core or backing for the
slivers to be chineeid, as and for the purpose herein set forth.
Fifthly. The endless aprons of nippers articulated one upon the other, and com-

page_text: pressing each of the slivers to produce the chineeing by the circulation of those
endless aprons within the tinctorial bath.
Sixthly. The use of grates formed of bars K and central pressure screw o, said
bars being of hardened india-rubber or vulcanite, arranged to compress the sliver
on all sides during the dyeing, substantially as herein set forth and shown in
Figs. 9, 10, of the Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Walter Alfred Barlow, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of March, One thousand eight hundred
and seventy-nine.
WALTER A. BARLOW. (L.S.)