IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO MOULDS FOR CASTING HOLLOW-WARE
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Vernon Hope of Wednesbury in the county of
Stafford for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO MOULDS
FOR CASTING HOLLOW-WARE"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Vernon Hope at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th October 1882.
JOHN VERNON HOPE of Wednesbury in the county of Stafford, "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN AND RELATING TO MOULDS FOR CASTING HOLLOW-WARE."
This invention relates to the manufacture of hollow-ware. Hitherto this has
been cast in sand moulds carefully formed for each separate article by hand. Now
I have found that hollow-ware can be cast much more expeditiously and with much
finer appearance in metal or composition moulds that can be used for casting after
casting without repair.
I form the outside moulds of metal coated with a mixture of plumbago and oil
metallic oxides and water or oil steatite and oil or other material capable of
adhering to the mould without melting, disintegrating, or combining with the
molten metal when the latter is run in. These moulds I fix preferably by lugs to
the machine described in my application for Letters Patent No 440682 of this year
or hinge them to the adjustable bottom plate, in such manner that on falling into
place they exactly meet in position. The cores if conical or conoidal can be
formed of metal coated like the outer moulds and arranged to fit on the centre of
the bottom plate or be screwed into it so as to project from it. If of sand or loan
they can be made in the ordinary manner or of sand in core boxes caused to travel
to and from the centre on a gantree or slide in the manner set forth in my said
previous specification
In order to keep the metal moulds cool or of a uniform temperature I propose
to cast them hollow so as to hold water or other liquid with influx and efflux
flexible tubes

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said John Vernon Hope in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
19th April 1883.
JOHN VERNON HOPE of Wednesbury in the County of Stafford, " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN AND RELATING TO MOULDS FOR CASTING HOLLOW-WARE."
This invention relates to the manufacture of hollow-ware. Hitherto this has
been cast in sand moulds carefully formed for each separate article by hand. Now
I have found that hollow-ware can be cast much more expeditiously and with much
finer appearance in metal or composition moulds, that can be used for casting after
casting without repair.
I form the outside moulds of metal coated with a mixture of plumbago and oil,
metallic oxides and water or oil, steatite and oil, or other material capable of
adhering to the mould without melting, disintegrating or combining with the
molten metal when the latter is run in. I prefer however a coating of powdered
plumbago, and a little oil, or in place of metal I may in some cases form the mould
of a mixture of plumbago and fireclay similar to that used for plumbago-pots-or
other hard composition that will stand sudden changes of temperature, coated as in
the case of metallic moulds, but I prefer metal, as no composition mould that I
have tried is as durable as cast iron. These moulds I fix preferably by lugs to the
machine described in the specification of my Letters Patent N° 4406 of 1882 or I
binge them to the adjustable bottom plate in such manner that on falling into
place they exactly meet in position. I find however that the horizontal movement
is for most cases better than the hinge movement, as if there be any loose sand on
the plate the horizontal movement brushes it away, whereas the hinge movement
wedges it in place and prevents the hinged parts coming down evenly. When
however a machine is to be used permanently for one sized casting, the bottom plate
can be so shaped as to barely project beyond the actual space occupied by the core
and casting, in which case no sand can lodge and then the hinge plan is better as
occupying less space.
The cores if conical or conoidal can be formed of metal, coated like the outer
moulds and arranged to fit on the centre of the bottom plate, or be screwed into it
so as to project froin it. If of sand or loam thoy can be made in the, ordinary
manner in core boxes caused to travel to and from the centre on a gantree or
slide by means of a right and left hand screw, and with descending piston in the
manner already described in the specification of said Letters Patent No 4406 of
1882.
I find by using these metallic moulds I can make hollow-ware cleaner, thinner,
and in much less time than in the ordinary method, while it being so smooth and
clean, there is little or no difficulty in polishing it for enamel or tinning by the
apparatus Provisionally protected by me November 6, 1882, No. 5299.
I claim as my invention under the Letters Patent :-
1 The manufacture of hollow-ware in permanent moulds mechanically arranged,
so as to slide or fall into placo concentrically round the core, substantially as
described.

page_text: 2nd The metallic or composition moulds for hollow-ware, constructed substantially
as and for the purposes described.
3rd The modification of my former patented machine, in which hinged, moulds
instead of horizontal travelling moulds are used.
In witness whereof I the said John Vernon Hope have hereunto set my
hand and seal this fifth day of January in the year of our Lord one
thousand eight hundred and eighty three.
JOHN VERNON HOPE (LS.)