IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CARRYING AND TIPPING COAL AND OTHER MINERALS, AND IN STEAK BRAKES USED THEREWITH AND WITH OTHER MACHINERY
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Arthur Rigg, junior, of Chester, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CARRYING AND TIPPING COAL AND
OTHER MINERALS, AND IN STEAK BRAKES USED THEREWITH AND WITH OTHER
MACHINERY."
Sealed the 27th February 1863, and dated the 10th September 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Arthur Rigg at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
September 1862.
I, ARTHUR RIGG, junior, of Chester, do hereby declare the nature of the
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CARRYING AND TIPPING COAL
AND OTHER MINERALS, AND IN STEAM BRAKES USED THEREWITH AND WITH OTHER
MACHINERY," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for carrying
and tipping coal and other minerals, and in steam brakes used therewith and
with other machinery, and consists of a platform sustained on axles or rollers,
which carries the waggon or other receptacle containing substances to be
upset. The centre of motion being so adjusted, that when full, the weight of
ninerals overturns the whole, and when empty, returns to the original position,
unless otherwise restrained. Towards that portion of the waggon which
descends lowest in overturning is fixed a plate or riddle, moveable with the
machine, and attached to it at any angle, either curved or straight.

page_text: For the larger sizes of machines I prefer steam brakes which possess a
cylinder closed at both ends, and a large passage communicates steam to the
upper or impelling side, and a smaller opening supplies the lower or retreating
side, and to this side is connected a largo escape tap or valve to bo regulated
at will, or the inlet to the lower side may be made to reduce as the exhaust or
escapo valve opens. Any extent of pressure may be obtained by enlarging tho
escape, while the inlet to the upper sido remains unaltered, and the brake may
be thrown out of action by closing the exhaust valve. This form of brake is
also applicable to steam engines or other machinery.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Arthur Rigg in the Great Seal Patent Office on tho 6th
March 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ARTHUR
RIGG, junior, of Chester, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Tenth day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-sixth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Arthur Rigg, Her special licence that I, the said Arthur Rigg,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Arthur
Rigg, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR CARRYING AND TIPPING COAL AND OTHER MINERALS, AND IN STEAM BRAKES
USED THEREWITH AND WITH OTHER MACHINERY," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Arthur Rigg, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Arthur Rigg, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-

page_text: formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for carrying and
tipping coal and other minerals, and in steam brakes used therewith, and with
other machinery, and consists of a platform sustained on axles or rollers which
carries the wagon or other receptacle containing substances to be upset. The
centre of motion being so adjusted that when full the weight of minerals over-
turns the whole, and when empty returns to the original position, unless other-
wise restrained. Towards that portion of the wagon which descends lowest in
overturning is fixed a plate or riddle, moveable with the machine and attached
to it at any angle, either curved or straight.
For the larger sizes of machines I prefer steam brakes which possess a
cylinder closed at both ends, and a large passage communicates steam to the
upper or impelling side, and a smaller opening supplies the lower or retreating
side, and to this side is connected a large escape tap or valve to be regulated
at will, or the inlet to the lower side may be made to reduce as the exhaust or
escape valve opens. Any extent of pressure may be obtained by enlarging the
escape, while the inlet to the upper side remains unaltered, and the brake may
be thrown out of action by closing the exhaust valve. This form of brake is
also applicable to steam engines or other machinery.
Figures 1 and 2 represent end and side elevations of one modification of the
patent tipping machine, namely, that for loading railway wagons into ships,
&c., and it should be premised that the principle admits of variation to suit
any size or description of wagon, whether with end doors opening or not.
By reference to the Figures above mentioned it will be seen that the appa-
ratus consists mainly of a platform A, carrying a shoot B at one end, which
shoot may be horizontal, as shewn in the Drawings for railway trucks open at
the ends, or vertical for smaller wagons with closed ends, or it may be at any
desired angle, or it may be replaced entirely or in part by a screen or curved
plate, as hereafter mentioned. The platform A is so balanced that it remains
in the position shewn, and returns to it even when carrying an empty railway
wagon. This platform is supported on two axles C, C, and upon a segment
wheel D, which has teeth gearing into those of a pinion E on the brake shaft
F. The brake wheel G is fixed on such shaft, and is regulated by a brake H
(hereafter described) where steam or other elastic medium is available.
A hand wheel J or other regulator placed in some convenient situation,
determines when the brake shall be brought into operation or thrown out
of use. On a loaded wagon being placed on the platform a powerful ten-
dency to overturn is at once mauifosted, but such tendency is checked and

page_text: controlled by the brake, for it will be observed that the centre of gravity of
the coal or other mineral is considerably in advance of the centre of motion of
the tipping machinery. On the end door of the wagon being opened, and the
tipping movement allowed to continue, the minerals or materials slide easily
down the shoot into the boat or other depository. It is necessary that a greater
inclination should be given to the part of the shoot next the wagon, in order
to remove all the coal than is proper for the outer end of the shoot, for which
reason the curved portion at the end is applied, which comes into action and
checks what might otherwise prove a damaging velocity. The dotted lines
explain the movements above described.
After the delivery of the coals or minerals, the apparatus returns into its
horizontal position, such return being regulated in its speed by the brake.
Figures 3 and 4 represent on a larger scale the brake H above mentioned.
From the side elevation and section it will be seen that the apparatus consists
of a cylinder H with piston K, similar to that of a steam engine, and it is pre-
ferred to make the piston rod of larger diameter than is usual for a steam
engine, 'partly for security, and chiefly for another reason described hereafter.
A constant communication exists between the boiler and the upper side of
piston and also between the boiler and the valve chest. In this valve chest oue
passage leads to the lower side of the piston, and the other to the exhaust.
The valve is shown in Figures 4, 5, and 6, and is arranged to cover both
ports. Figures 5 and 6 shew side and end elevations of the valve, which
has a passage 1 completely through it corresponding to steam port at the lower
end of the cylinder and a recess 2, which is arranged to cover the exhaust and
steam ports when necessary; while the opening 1 in the valve corresponds to
the port leading to the lower side of cylinder, an equal pressure is maintained
on both sides of the piston, except what is due to the diameter of piston rod,
which difference always keeps the brake band slack when out of action. When
the valve is turned so that the recess 2 in the valve covers both the steam and
exhaust ports, an escape of steam will take place, which, by reducing the
pressure on the lower side of the piston, whilst the pressure at the upper surfaco
of the piston remains in full force, causes the brake to come into action with a
force depending on the rapidity of the escape of steam allowed. The brake
will be put out of action by turning the valve, so as to allow a free flow of
steam again into the lower end of the cylinder. By making the partition in
the valve somewhat narrower than the opening of the port, steam can be par-
tially admitted while some escapes, thus giving a greater range of pressures
and maintaining any required force as long as required.
It should be stated that other forms of valves may be arranged to act in a

page_text: similar manner; and it should also be stated that this arrangement of brake
may be used with other machines.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I would have it understood that I make no claim to
any of the parts of the machinery separately; but what I claim is,-
First, the combined arrangement of tipping machinery herein described.
And, secondly, I claim the combined arrangement of brake herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Arthur Rigg, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Sixteenth day of February, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.