A CERTAIN IMPROVEMENT OR CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING PUDDLING FURNACES USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON
Year: 1849

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE.
WILLIAMS, of Tipton, in the County of Stafford, Forge Manager, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great.
Britain and Ireland, bearing dato at Westminster, the Thirteenth day of
January, One thousand eight hundred and forty-nine, in the twelfth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the.
said George Williams, my exors, adiňors, and assigns, Her especial licence, full,
power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said George Williams, my
exors, adiñors, and assigns, or such others as. I, the said George Williams,.
my exors, adiñors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no otliers,
from time to time and at all times during the term of years therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,-within.
England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of,
"A CERTAIN IMPROVEMENT OR CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING PUDDLING
FURNACES USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON;" in which said Letters Patent.
is contained a proviso, that I, the said George Williams, shall cause a
particular description of the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner.
the same is to be performed, by an instrument in writing under my hand and,
seal, to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within, six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited
Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had,. will.
more fully and at large annear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
George Williams, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, are particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had
to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked
thereon, that is to say :-
Figure 1 represents a plan, and Figure 2 a vertical section of a puddling
furnace, the section, Figure 2, being taken on the line a, Figure 1.
a represents the fire bars; b, the ash-pit; c, the fire bridge; d, the flue
bridge; e, the furnace, in which the iron to be puddled is placed; f, the
opening at which the iron is introduced into and moved from the furnace e,
and at which the workman stirs the iron under treatment. The furnace
is constructed of a frame of cast iron, on which plates of cast iron, to form the
sides and bottom of the same, are placed. Before using a puddling furnace it
is prepared by the introduction of iron ore or scoria in a roughly pulverized
state, which is accumulated against the sides of the same, as represented by the
blue lines in Figure 2. .This iron ore or scoria defends the plates of the sides
and bridges and the bottom of the furnace from the action of the melted iron;
but a portion of the said melted iron collects in the interstices between the
particles of the roughly pulverized iron ore or scoria, from which it cannot be
removed, and a. loss of iron is thereby occasioned.
My.improved method of preparing puddling furnaces consists in reducing the
iron .ore or scoria to a fine powder, and mixing the same with water, and
working or tempering to the consistence of tempered clay, and moulding it into
bricks or pieces of any convenient shape. The said bricks or pieces are burned
or baked after the manner of ordinary bricks; and with the said bricks
or pieces I line or coat the interior of the puddling furnace, as shewn by the
red lines in Figure 2. In lining. the said puddling furnace with the said
bricks or pieces, I. introduce between the said bricks or pieces a mortar
or cement, also composed of powdered iron ore or scoria mixed with water,
which mortar. or cement I use after the manuer of ordinary mortar. When
the iron ore or scoria is inade into bricks or other pieces, which said bricks or
other pieces are built into the said puddling furnaces, as herein described, the
said furnaces require preparing less frequently, and the loss of iron is less than
in puddling. furnaces prepared in the ordinary manner.
Having now. described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I do
not limit. myself:to: the precise. method of carrying out my Invention herein
described, and illustrated in the accompanying. Drawing, as the same may

page_text: be varied without departing from the nature of my said Invention; for
example, instead of making a paste or clay by mixing the powdered iron ore
or scoria with water, and forming the said paste or clay into bricks, which are
afterwards built into the furnace, the said paste or clay may be formed into
plates or slabs of sizes and forms suitable for lining the several sides of the
said furnace; neither do I limit myself to the materials herein described, that
is to say, iron ore or scoria, as my Invention is applicable to the preparing of
puddling furnaces, whether the said iron ore or scoria, or any other suitable
substance is used; but I claim as my Invention the method herein described,
and illustrated by the accompanying Drawing, of 'preparing puddling furnaces,
that is to say, by reducing the iron ore or scoria, or other substance with which
the said furnace is prepared, to fine powder, and making therewith a pasto or
clay, which said paste or clay is fashioned into bricks or other pieces, with which
an interior lining to the furnace is built.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Williams, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Ninth day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and forty-nine.