IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM GENERATORS
Year: 1885

page_text: I, ISAAC ENGELSON, of the Pomme d'Or, St Heliers in the Island of Jersey,
Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society do hereby declare the nature of my
invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM GENERATORS to be as follows:-
The object of my invention is to effect the combustion of the fuel under pressure
within a generator which contains the water for producing the steam. The fuel is
introduced into a furnace in the generator; the air required for its combustion
being forced into it at the pressure of steam required. The products of combustion
can therefore come into immediate contact or be mixed with the water which is to
supply the steam.
The manner in which I accomplish the above mentioned object is as follows:
The generator is a vessel divided into two parts by a division, the upper part
contains an ordinary furnace, the lower one the water for producing the steain.
I force the air required for combustion into the furnace by means of a pump of
ordinary construction. The products of combustion are led by a pipe from the
upper part of the generator to the bottom of the lower part, the said pipe dipping
into the water contained therein and then they rise through the water and by
transmitting to it their heat produce the steam.
The steam mixed with the gases of combustion can then be taken to the motive
engine for exerting the power required. The fuel is introduced into the furnace by
means that will allow of little or no leakage. For the said purpose I employ a
hopper placed above the generator and 'connected with the furnace by a suitable pipe.
This hopper is fitted with a cover above and a slide below. The slide being closed
the hopper can be filled with fuel, after which the cover is closed and the slide
opened for allowing the fuel to fall into the furnace.
It will be seen from the above description that this system of generator entails
no loss of power since the air which has been compressed into it exerts power
together with the steam in the motive engine.
2
The above described generator can obviously be modified in various ways but
always with the same object as descrbed above.
Dated thin 9th Jan of Tune 1005

page_text: I, ISAAC ENGELSON of. Pomme d'Or St Heliers, in the Island of Jersey, Fellow
of the Royal Astronomical Society, do hereby declare the nature of my invention
for IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM GENERATORS, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
The fuel is
The object of my invention is to effect the combustion of the fuel under pressure
within a generator containing the water for producing the steam.
introduced into a furnace in the generator.the air required for its combustion being
forced into it at the pressure of steam required. The products of combustion can
therefore be brought into immediate contact or be mixed with the water which is
to produce the steain.
The result of this arrangement being that the generator can be considerably
reduced in size since no heating surface is required the heat being transmitted to
the water much more rapidly than when the products of combustion have to
transmit their heat to the water through the heating surfaces. The products of
combustion being mixed with the steam exert power in the motive engine
together with the steam; the power expended for compressing the air into tho
generator being therefore recovered so that no loss of power is incurred by the
compression of the air. The admixture of the products of combustion with
the steam, prevents the use of a condenser in connexion with the engine using the
steam produced in this system of generator which is therefore used only with high
pressure engines.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
In fig. I, 1, 1, represents the generator which is divided into an upper and a
lower part by the division plate 2, the upper part contains the furnace 3, the lower
one the water for producing the steam. The air for the combustion of the fuel is
forced into the furnace through the pipe 4, by means of a pump of ordinary con-
struction which is therefore not represented; the air can obviously be admitted
into the furnace by several pipes instead of a single one; 5 is a pipe for leading
the products of combustion from the furnace to the bottom of the lower part of
the generator; instead of a single pipe several can be used being immersed in all
cases in the water.
The products of combustion on issuing from the end of the pipe 5 rise through
the water and thereby produce the steam. 6 is a purifier for purifying the steam
and products of combustion of solid particles of ashes or unburnt fuel which may
not have been retained in the lower part of the generator. The pipe 7 takes the
steam and products of combustion from the lower part of the generator to the
bottom of the purifier containing water through which they rise and are taken by
the pipe 8 to the motive engine. The purifier also ensures the greatest absorbtion
of heat from the products of combustion.
The furnace being surrounded by water a certain quantity of steam is produced
around it, this steam is taken by the pipe 9 to the purifier. The furnace having

page_text: no pressure to sustain need only be water tigth; it can be made of metal, or fire
brick or other suitable material and of any convenient shape.
The fuel is introduced into the furnace by means that will allow of little or no
leakage. For this purpose I employ the hopper 10 into which the fuel is filled,
11 is a tigth fitting cover, 12 is a slide moveable by the rod 13 passing through
the stuffing box 14; the fuel falls through the pipe 15 into the furnace. For
filling the hopper the slide is closed, the cover opened, the fuel filled in and the
cover closed again; the slide can then be opened for allowing the fuel to fall into
the furnace. When the hopper is emptied into the furnace it is of course fillerl
with products of combustion which (after the closing of the slide) must be allowed
to escape before the cover of the hopper can be opened for taking a new charge of
fuel; this is the object of the cock 16. It will be seen that the fuel is introduced
into the hopper and furnace without any leakage either through the cover 11 or
through the slide 12; the only loss being the volume of products of combustion
which escape from the hopper each time the cock 16 is opened prior to the opening
of the cover 11. After the hopper has been filled with fuel the full pressure acts
on the lower side of the slide for enabling which to move easily the cock 17 is
opened thereby allowing the pressure to act on both sides of the slide.
In order to prevent the overheating of the slide after the charge of fuel is
emptied into the furnace some feed water is pumped into the hopper (the slide
being first closed) through the pipe 18; a small quantity of steam being thereby
generated in the hopper, this steam can escape through the cock 19 into the steam
room of the upper part of the generator (the cock 17 being closed). The rod 13
can be placed above the slide as shown by the dotted line.
The above described hopper is specially adapted for using coal, coke, wood or
other solid fuel but it can also be used for liquid fuel which can however be used
more conveniently by being forced into the furnace through the pipe 20 by means
of a pump; this pipe can be connected to the furnace in any convenient position
and several pipes can be used instead of a single one. When liquid fuel is used
the stoking apparatus (hereafter described) can be removed and replaced by a
cover. When liquid fuel is pumped into the furnace the hopper can also be
removed and replaced by a cover; the pipe 15 can then be removed and a cover
fitted instead, on the furnace.
21, represents a stoking apparatus, 22 is a stoking tool the end being bent in
the shape of a hook, 23 is a stuffing box through which the stoking tool passes,
24 is a box for receiving the ashes and 25 is a slide moveable by the rod 26 passing
through the stuffing box 27. The stoking tool after being pushed into the furnace
with the hook in a vertical position, is turned round so as to bring the hook to a
horizontal position; it is then pulled out thereby raking out the ashes into the box 24
for emptying which the slide 25 is closed, the cock 28 opened for preventing the
existence of any pressure in the box, the bottom cover of which can then be opened
thereby allowing the ashes to fall out. The cock 29 is for the same purpose as the
cock 17 described in connexion with the hopper, by allowing the box 24 to be
filled with steam and products of combustion from the lower part of the generator
the slide 25 can be moved easily. The slide 25 can be prevented from being over-
heated by pumping some feed water on it through the cock 30; the small quantity
of steam produced thereby escaping into the furnace.
Fig. II represents a modified form of generator and purifier. 1 represents the
generator which is made in one part and not in two as in fig. I. The products of
combustion pass through the pipe 5 from the furnace 3 to the bottom of the
generator and rise through the water; the pipe 7 takes the steam and products of
combustion to the purifier 6 which is fitted with partitions 31, 31, and pipes 32, 32,
so that the steam and products of combustion after rising through the water
in the first compartment are taken to the bottom of the second one and after
rising therein to the bottom of the third one being thus purified several times;
8 is the pipe connecting the purifier with the motive engine. The figure shows

page_text: three compartments in the purifier but it can obviously be made with any other
number.
Fig. III represents a generator where the furnace is in a separate vessel 33;
1, being the generator, the products of combustion are taken by the pipe 5 to the
bottom of the generator this pipe is fitted in an outer one 34 in communication
with the generator and the vessel 33 the object being to surround the pipe 5 with
water and thus to prevent its being overheated; 35 is a pipe for taking the steam
generated around the furnace to the steam room of the generator.
Instead of passing the products of combustion through the water for generating
the steam, the water can be used as spray in a vessel through which the products
of combustion are passing. Fig. IV represents this modification, 33 is the vessel
containing the furnace 3; 1 is the generator, the spray issues from the rose 36, the
four arrows representing it; the products of combustion are taken by the pipe 5
from the furnace to the generator, this pipe is enclosed in an outer one 34 as
described for fig. III it is however only in communication with the vessel 33; the
admixture of the products of combustion with the spray generates the steam. The
water which is not converted into steam collects at the bottom of the generator,
the pump 37 pumps this water through the rose as shown by the arrows. The feed
pipe bringing in the feed water can be connected to the generator in any convenient
position. A centrifugal pump can be used for producing the spray instead of an
ordinary one. Instead of using a singlo generator of the above description several
can be used there being one or more sprays in each and the products of combustion
passing through them in succession. The pipe 7 connects the generator to the
motive engine or first to a purifier.
In fig. II, III, and IV the hopper and stoking apparatus being the same as in
fig. I are not represented.
The air for feeding the furnace in the fig. I, II, and III requires to be compressed
to a slightly higher pressure than that required in the motive engine, this excess of
pressure being due to the head of water through which the steam and products of
combustion have to be forced in the generator and purifier. In fig. IV this loss
of pressure is obviously not incurred.
In conclusion I wish it to be understood that I do not confine myself to the
precise details described seeing that the invention is capable of many minor
modifications; the object remaining always the same as described above.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be, or may be performed I declare
that what I claim is:
I. Effecting the combustion of the fuel under pressure within the generator or
in a vessel in direct communication therewith; substantially as described.
II. Bringing the products of combustion, under pressure, into direct contact with
water for generating the steam; substantially as described.
III. The purifier; substantially as described.
IV. The arrangement for introducing the fuel into the furnace; substantially as
described.
V. The stoking apparatus; substantially as described.