IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY PASSENGER CARRIAGES, CARS, OR SALOONS
Year: 1883

page_text: "
LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Clapham of the firm of Clapham Brothers,
Ironfounders & Millwrights, Keighley, in the county of York for an Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY PASSENGER CARRIAGES, CARS, OR SALOONS
communicated to him from abroad by William Henry Holmes, of the city of
Chicago, in the state of Illinois, one of the United States of America
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Clapham at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd August 1883.
THOMAS CLAPHAM, of the firm of Clapham Brothers Ironfounders, and Mill-
wrights Keighley in the County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY PASSENGER
CARRIAGES, CARS, OR SALOONS." [Communicated to him from abroad by William
Henry Holmes, of the city of Chicago, in the state of Illinois, one of the United
States of America.]
This invention relates to constructing railway passenger carriages, cars, or
saloons with interior side communication from end to end, also with all modern
conveniences, such as washing accommodation, water, and heating apparatus,
besides means of extinguishing fires, and for the rescuing of human life in such an
emergency.
The interior and sido communication or passage made from end to end of the
carriage is accessible to every passenger therein, besides allowing passengers the
use of conveniences, without attracting the attention or disturbing other passengers,
which is a particular advantage where ladies are travelling with children, also
giving an increased security to the passengers from robbery and violence from the
perfect accessibility of the railway guards and passengers to each other.
For this purpose I construct by preference the railway carriages, cars, or saloons
either fifty eight feet in length or of fifty one feet five inches, and in width, nine
and a half feet or eight feet seven inches, height of ceiling eight feet.
For carriages fifty eight feet in length and nine and a half feet wide I make the
said carriages with seven compartments each six feet seven inches wide and seven
FD017

page_text: feet deep and each compartment with eight seatings that is to say with four on
each side.
The interior communication or passage is two and a half feet in width The
compartments on the side of the passage are fitted with doors and windows and
the windows are by preference ornamentally frosted. Outside of the carriage, car,
or saloon and to the passage are fitted doors and windows, the doors are therefore
one on the entrance side of each compartment and one on the oxit side of the
passage, These passage doors are by preference made sliding doors, four windows
are also fitted to cach compartment, and the outside window lights are by preference
of plate glass.
Doors and windows are also fitted to the outside of the carriage on the passage
side so that passengers can enter and leave the passage. At one end of the
carriage, car or saloon, and next to the platform is fitted a smoking compartment,
and at the other end of the carriage and next to the platform is fitted a room in
which is fitted a heater to warm the carriage, in this room is fitted a coal bunker
and also fire extinguishing apparatus. Next to the heater and on the passage side
is fitted a wash room having wash basins and accessories and at the end of the
wash room is fitted a water, closet and other conveniences, The compartments can
be fitted, first, second and third class. Cord communications are fitted throughout
the carriage, car, or saloon, and the roof is double decked.
It is obvious that the carriages, cars or saloons, fifty one feet five inches in length,
and in width eight feet seven inches, are of similar construction to that hereinbefore
described, but with six sittings to each compartment

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Thomas Clapham in the Patent Office on the 2nd February 1884.
THOMAS CLAPHAM of the firm of Clapham Brothers, Ironfounders and Mill-
wrights, Keighley in the County of York IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY PASSENGER
CARRIAGES, CARS, OR SALOONS. A communication to me from abroad by William
Henry Holmes of the City of Chicago in the State of Illinois, one of the United
States of America
This invention relates to constructing railway passenger carriages, cars, or
saloons, with interior side communication from end to end, also with all modern
conveniences, such as washing accommodation, water, and heating apparatus,
besides adequate means of extinguishing fires and for the rescuing of human life in
such an emergency.
The interior and side communication or passage made from end to end of tho
carriage is accessible to every passenger therein, besides allowing passengers tho
use of conveniences without attracting the attention or disturbing other passengers
which is a particular advantage where ladies are travelling with children also
giving an increased security to the passengers from robbery and violence from the
perfect accessibility of the railway guards and passengers to each other.
For this purpose I construct by preforonce the railway carriages cars or saloons
either fifty eight feet in length or fifty one feet five inches and in width nine and
a half feet or eight feot seven inches, height of ceiling eight feet.
For carriages fifty eight feet in length and nine and a half feet wide, I make the
said Carriages with seven compartments each six feet seven inches wide and seven
feet deep, and each compartment with eight sittings that is to say with four on
each side. The interior communication or passago is two and a half feet in width.
The compartments on the side of the passage are fitted with doors and windows,
and the windows are by preference ornamentally frosted. Outside the carriage,
car, or saloon and to the passage are fitted doors and windows. The doors are
therefore one on the entrance side of each compartment and on the exit side of the
passage. These passage doors are by preference made sliding; four windows are
also fitted to each compartment and the outside window lights are by preference of
plate glass.
Doors and windows are also fitted to the outside of the carriage on the passage
side, so that passengers can enter and leave the passage. At one end of the
carriage, car or saloon, and next to the platform is fitted a smoking compartiment,
and at the other end of the carriage and next to the platform. is fitted a room in
which is fitted a heater to warm the carriages, in this room is also fitted a coal
bunker and also fire extinguishing apparatus. Next to the heater and on the passage
side is fitted a wash room having wash basins and accessories and at the end of the
wash room is fitted a water closet and other conveniences.
The compartments can be fitted first, second and third class; cord commu-
nications are fitted throughout the carriage, car, or saloon and the roof is double
decked.
It is obvious that the carriages, cars, or saloons fifty one feet five inches long and
eight feet seven inches wide are of similar construction to that herein before described
but with six sittings to each compartment.
In order to enable the improvements to be fully understood I will proceed to
describe the same by reference to the accompanying drawing in which figure 1,
represents a longitudinal section of a railway passenger saloon, carriage, or car,
constructed according to these improvements; figure 2, represents a transverse
3.

page_text: section and figure 3, a horizontal section of the same.
are used in all the figures to represent similar parts.
Similar letters of reference
The railway passenger carriage shewn in the drawing is fifty eight feet in length
and nine and a half feet in width with a height of eight feet.
A, is the exterior side communication or passage two and a half feet wide
extending from end to end of the carriage and accessible by means of doors as
hereinafter described to every passenger in the carringe and allowing them the use
of the water closet and urinal B C without attracting attention or disturbing the
other passengers. The passage A also affords additional security against robbery
and violence from the accessibility of the railway guards and passengers to each
other while the train is stationary or in motion.
The carriage is made with seven compartments, videlicet, a smoking com-
partment D, a second class compartment E, first class compartments F and G;
third class compartments I, and J, and a compartment K, containing a wash room,
a water closet and a urinal. L, is the heating room for warming the carriago and
contains the water heater and the Coal box Y,; this room is made fire proof by
being covered with zinc and the hot water pipes from the heater are carried under
the seats, and covers, about two inches in height from the floor, form foot rests in
each compartment. Each of the seven compartments is by preference six feet,
seven inches wide and seven feet deep and made with eight seats, four on
each side.
The said compartments communicate with the passage A, by preference by means
of the sliding doors M; windows N are provided by preference made of ornamental
frosted glass.
On the outside of the carriage are fitted the doors P, having windows and also
the windows Q, the doors being so fitted that they are not opposite but between
the doors M of the compartments and allow easy access to the passage A for the
entrance and exit of passengers from and to the station platform to and from the
compartments. On the side of the carriage opposite to the doors P are fitted
similar doors which also open onto the station platform so that either side of the
carriage is equally adapted for loading or unloading the train. The outside
windows R on the opposite side of the carriage and opposite the windows N, aro
by preference of plate glass and allow of the occupants seeing out of both sides of
the carriage from either end of the compartment; doors S are provided at each end
of the passage and are also by preference made with frosted windows and lead to
the platforms T, thus forming at all times a complete communication from one end
of the train to the other either for the train officials or for the passengers. The
smoking carriage may have windows U, at the end. The lavatory K, is fitted
with a wash stand having two washing basins V and with a water cooler W for
drinking-water.
A glass door leads from the passago to the room K, on which door are written
the words "wash room "the water closet door is made of frosted glass on which are
the letters "W C."
The door X, separates the room K, from the water closet.
The passage A, is provided with racks in which is fitted a "Babcock" fire
extinguisher, buckets, axes, saws, sledge hammers and other necessaries accessible
to all the passengers in the train; cord communication is fitted throughout the
carriages, cars, or saloons, Each compartment and passage is by preference lighted
by electricity.
The roof of the carriage is what is called a double decked roof the top of which
is lighted by ventilating side windows of coloured glass. It will be obvious that
the carriages, cars or saloons may be made of smaller dimensions than that herein-
before described and shewn in the drawing the construction being similar except
that a less number of seats would be provided in each compartment; also that the
arrangement of the first, second and third class compartments may be altered to suit
requirements, or separate carriages, cars or saloons can be fitted with all the
compartments therein of one class.

page_text: Having thus described the invention communicated to me and the manner of
performing the same I wish it to be understood that what is claimed is :—
The construction and employment of railway passenger saloon carriages or cars
with an interior side communication or passage from ond to end of the Carriage
the carriage being fitted with washing accommodation, water beating apparatus,
means for extinguishing fires, and with lavatories the whole arranged substantially
as and for the purpose herein before described and represented in the accompanying
drawing In witness whereof I the said Thomas Clapham have hereunto set my
hand and seal this thirty first day of January in the year of our Lord Ooo
thousand eight hundred and eighty four.
THOMAS CLAPHAM
(L.S.)