CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR AMALGAMATING, PURIFYING, COOLING, AND
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Nicholas Kilvert, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Lard Refiner, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR AMALGAMATING, PURIFYING, COOLING, AND
Sealed the 29th January 1867, and dated the 3rd August 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Nicholas Kilvert at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd August 1866.
I, NICHOLAS KILVERT, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Lard
Refiner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR AMALGAMATING, PURIFYING,
COOLING, AND BLEACHING LARD OR OTHER SIMILAR MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to that process. in refining lard termed cooling, and
in which the lard after coming out of the first refining vat in a liquid state is
run into large vats or pans for cooling, and in which the lard is kept in a
state of agitation by means of long poles worked to and fro by manual labour,
which very imperfectly works the lard.

page_text: My present improvements are designed for the purpose of improving this
process of cooling and refining; first, by the employment and use of a novel
construction of pan in which the lard is placed for cooling; and, secondly, in
apparatus for agitating the same by self-acting mechanism, the effect of which
upon the lard is to thoroughly triturate the grain, making it thereby more
uniform, firm, and solid, and the improvements consist in constructing the
vats or pans with a double casing so as to form an annular space between
the inner and outer case, within this space cold water is caused freely to
circulate in order that the hot liquid lard may become speedily cooled, whilst
cooling it is also operated upon by the following arrangement of mechanism :-
Centrally situated in the cooling vat is a shaft from which radiate arms or
beaters, the shaft being driven by gearing that give to such arms or beaters a
constant reciprocating motion within the interior of the vat, the effect of
which upon the liquid lard is to thoroughly amalgamate and mix the same in
order that the grain now so prevalent will be effectually reduced so as to
become amalgamated and purified during the operation of the reciprocating
beaters or agitators. If the lard in cooling should become too solid for
drawing off it can be brought to a semi-fluid state by stopping the circulation
of cold water and injecting into the annular space a jet of steam. The agitators
when working the lard during cooling, as described, precipitate any extraneous
matter, thereby assisting in its purification, and at the same time by throwing
it constantly up to the surface, and keeping it in a state of agitation, effectually
reduces the grain, and produces a whiteness and purity that very much
enhances its value.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Nicholas Kilvért in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
30th January 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, NICHOLAS
KILVERT, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Lard Refiner, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Third day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the
year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Nicholas Kilvert, Her special license that I, the said Nicholas
Kilvert, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said Nicholas Kilvert, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should

page_text: at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR-APPARATUS FOR AMALGAMATING,
PURIFYING, COOLING, AND BLEACHING LARD OR OTHER SIMILAR MATERIALS," upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Nicholas Kilvert, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my hand and
seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months.
next.and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Nicholas Kilvert, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed; to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the fol-
lowing statement and accompanying Drawings, that is to say:-
My Invention relates to that process in refining lard termed cooling, and
in which the lard after coming out of the first refining vat in a liquid state is
run into larger vats or pans for cooling, and in which the lard is kept in a
state of agitation by means of long poles worked to and fro by manual labour,
which very imperfectly works the lard.
My present improvements are designed for the purpose of improving this
process of cooling and refining; first, by the employment and use of a novel
construction of pan in which the lard is placed for cooling; and, secondly,
in apparatus for agitating the same by self-acting mechanism, the effect of
which upon the lard is to thoroughly triturate the grain, making it thereby
more uniform, firm, and solid, and the improvements consist in constructing
the vats or pans with a double casing so as to form an annular space between
the inner and outer case, within this space cold water is caused freely to
circulate in order that the hot liquid lard may become speedily cooled, whilst
cooling it is also operated upon by the following arrangement of mechanism :-
Centrally situated in the cooling vat is a shaft from which radiate arms or
beaters, the shaft being driven by gearing that give to such arms or beaters
a constant reciprocating motion within the interior of the vat, the effect of
which upon the liquid lard is to thoroughly amalgamate and mix the same in
order that the grain now so prevalent will be effectually reduced so as to
become amalgamated and purified during the operation of the reciprocating
beaters or agitators. If the lard in cooling should become too solid for
drawing off it can be brought to a semi-fluid state by stopping the circulation

page_text: of cold water and injecting into the annular space a jet of steam. The agitators
when working the lard during cooling, as described, precipitate any extraneous
matter, thereby assisting in its purification, and at the same time by throwing
it constantly up to the surface, and keeping it in a state of agitation, effectually
reduces the grain and produces a whiteness and purity that very much
enhances its value.
In order that the Invention may be better understood and explained in
detail I have hereunto attached a Sheet of Drawings made upon a scale of
about two inches to the foot, letters of reference being marked thereupon.
In
Fig. 1 represents a vertical section of the cooling pan or vat shewing the
arrangement of the arms or agitators for amalgamating and mixing the lard,
also the arrangement of apparatus employed for actuating the same.
this Fig. a, a, is the pan or vat in which the lard is placed for cooling after
having been refined; this pan is constructed with an outer casing. 6, the
space c'between the inner pan and its outer casing being formed for the
purpose of allowing cold water to circulate therein during the time the lard
is cooling which materially expedites the cooling process, during the time
this cooling process is going on the arms or agitators d radiating from the
central shaft e are caused to reciprocate, so as thoroughly to triturate and
amalgamate the lard, the reciprocating motion given to the arms d is obtained
by means of the reversible gearing and driving' pulleys g.
The motion given
to the strap fork for passing the driving strap from one pulley to the other
for reversing the arms d is obtained through the medium of the cam i, which
is driven by the pulley and gearing k so as to revolve between the bowls m, m,
secured to the strap fork bar n, by which means the desired traverse is given
to such bar for actuating the driving strap. The annular space c formed
between the inner and outer casing of the vat or pan a is employed both for
the purpose of cooling, as described, and also for heating or melting the lard
so as to keep it at a semi-fluid state if it should become too suddenly solid
when cooling. This melting or heating process is obtained by preventing the
circulation of water in the annular space c and allowing a jet of steam to be
injected therein, according to the quantity of steam forced into this space
the lard may be melted so as to receive a semi-fluid consistency or boiled.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, together with the
method of carrying the same into practical effect, I wish it to be distinctly
understood that I claim in conclusion,―
First, a novel construction and employment of a cooling pan or vat having
an outer casing, between which and the inner casing an annular space is
formed for the pur¡ ose of cooling or heating lard as herein-before stated.

page_text: And, second, I claim the novel and peculiar arrangement, construction, and
adaptation to such cooling vats of reciprocating or revolving arms or beaters
for the purpose of amalgamating and agitating the lard in the manner and
for the purpose herein-before described and fully set forth in the Drawings
attached.
In witness whereof, I, the said Nicholas Kilvert, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of January, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven.
NICHOLAS KILVERT. (L.S.)