IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES CHIEFLY DESIGNED FOR STRAW-BRAID WORK
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Watson Hooper, of the City and State of New
York, United States of America, now of 8, Southampton Buildings, London,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES CHIEFLY DESIGNED
FOR STRAW-BRAID WORK."
Sealed the 15th August 1879, and dated the 10th March 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Watson Hooper at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th March 1879.
GEORGE WATSON HOOPER, of the City and State of New York, United States
of America, now of 8, Southampton Buildings, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
SEWING MACHINES CHIEFLY DESIGNED FOR STRAW-BRAID WORK."
My Invention relates to that class of sewing machines described in the Specifica-
tion of Letters Patent dated the 22nd March, A.D. 1876, No. 1226, and the 8th
April, A.D. 1878, No. 1397, which machines are chiefly designed for sewing straw-
braid.
The chief object of the present Invention is to provide means whereby several
parts of the mechanism may be more readily altered and adjusted than has been
heretofore practicable in order to suit various kinds and qualities of work.
In the machine as formerly constructed the necessary variations in the throw of
the looper and feeder to suit different kinds or qualities of work were effected by
employing interchangeable cams, that is to say, the cam by which motion was
communicated to the looper and feeder had to be removed and other cams substituted
for them whenever a different sized needle was required.
One part of the present Invention consists in providing means whereby I am
enabled to use the same cams whatever may be the size of the needle employed, and
in order to effect this object I provide interchangeable loopers and a lever on the
feed-carrier instead of interchangeable cams, one of which loopers may be readily
substituted for another as required, the operation being much more simple and
convenient than that of changing the aforesaid cams. There is also an advantage
with regard to cost of construction. I make each one of the said loopers of a some-
what different shape to the others, and it is this difference of shape which permits
Price Rd7
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page_text: one looper to be substituted for another to suit the different needles required for
the various qualities or kinds of work. The looper used with the smallest needle
is of the same shape as that heretofore used, but the one to be employed with the
next sized-needle is formed with its shank bent in the direction of the feed or travel
of the material to such an extent that the point formed by the angle between the
hook or head and the shank will travel to a position sufficiently farther forward in
its to and fro oscillating motion to suit the requirements of the needle of increased
size, although the lever or rod to which it is attached does not vary in its extent of
oscillation. The hook or head of the looper has to be correspondingly increased in
length in order that its end or point may travel into the proper positions for looping
the thread.
A looper to be used with a still larger sized needle will have its shank bent at a
more acute angle than the one last above described, and the head or hook will be
of correspondingly increased length, by which means the said looper will extend
sufficiently far in both the extreme points of its oscillating movement to suit the
circumstances which necessitated the change of needle.
This arrangement also enables me to dispense with the rotating or turning move-
ment of the looper on its shank heretofore necessary in order to spread or turn and
adjust the thread when the needle has made its back stroke out of the goods, and
consequently I also dispense with the cam employed for imparting this motion.
The shank of the looper is fitted in a horizontal rod in the same position as hereto-
fore, but in such a manner that it may be readily removable therefrom, a screw
being provided to tighten and secure it when properly set or adjusted. A longitu-
dinal reciprocating motion is given to the said rod by means of a cam fixed on the
main shaft of the machine, which cam operates a projecting stud or pin on a sliding
bar connected with the aforesaid rod by means of a forked or open piece forming
part of the said sliding bar. The end of the said rod fits into this piece and is
secured therein by a collar through which a screw passes for tightening the connec-
tion. By loosening this screw the rod may be adjusted farther in or out in a
longitudinal direction. The rod and sliding bar are placed parallel to each other.
The aforesaid rod is also furnished with a lever placed at right angles to the axis
of the rod and is fastened by a screw so that it may be adjusted as required. The
end of the said lever is provided with a friction roller which engages with a cam
on the main driving shaft; the said cam imparts an oscillating motion to the said
rod through the aforesaid lever, this motion being consequently communicated to
the looper whose shank is fitted to the end of the rod as above described. A spiral
spring is provided around the inner end of the said rod and is so adjusted as to
keep the friction roller pressed tightly against the cam which operates it and with
it the aforesaid arm.
My said Invention further comprises improved means for adjusting the feeder
without having to change the cam which operates the same. Heretofore the said
feeder has been operated by means of a cam which engages with a roller upon the
feeder itself, and in order to vary the feed a different cam has had to be used, but
according to my said Invention I attach the said roller to a separate arm or piece
which is connected with the feeder by a screw forming a pivot on which the said
arm or piece may be moved up and down. The said arm is also provided with a
slot through which another screw passes, the latter serving to securely fasten the
arm in any required position. By adjusting this arm higher or lower the position
of the roller thereon is changed with regard to the cam, and the throw of the
feeder is increased or diminished accordingly. By loosening the aforesaid screw
passing through the slot in the arm or piece, the latter may be moved up or down,
and the feed can be thus regulated with great accuracy and in a very simple and
convenient manner without any change of cam.
Another feature of this Invention consists in giving to the presser-foot a vibratory
motion which greatly facilitates the passage of the work under the same, and enables
the said presser foot to adapt itself more readily to any inequalities in the work
than is possible when this device is fixed as heretofore. I carry this part of my

page_text: said Invention into practice as follows, that is to say :-The presser-foot is attached
to the hinged carrier by means of a screw, as in the former machine, a set
screw being provided for raising and lowering it to suit different thicknesses of
work. The screw is however so fitted that the presser foot is loose thereon so
as to be capable of vibrating without difficulty. The vibrating movement is com-
municated to it by means of a rod or spindle carrying at one end a flat spring-
arm which rests upon and is operated by a cam provided for the purpose upon
the main shaft of the machine. This end of the said rod or spindle is within
the main frame, and the other end projects outside the same to a point near
the presser-foot, and carries a hinged bar which by means of a spur or projection
on the same may be connected with and disconnected from the presser-foot, a slot
being provided in the latter into which the said spur enters. The aforesaid flat
spring bar when operated by the cam in connection therewith has an up and
down motion imparted to it, which motion is communicated to the said rod or
spindle, and consequently to the presser-foot. I make the part forming the con-
nection between this rod or spindle and the cam a spring, so that the presser-
foot may yield sufficiently to any inequalities in the work.
A small screw passes through the swinging lever which holds the presser foot so
that it serves to adjust the presser-foot to different widths of braid.
Another feature of my said Invention consists in making the lower surface of the
presser-foot of a different shape to that which it has heretofore had. In the machine
as formerly constructed this surface, namely, the part which presses the work, was
made convex. My improvement consists in making it concave, that is to say, I cut
out a piece of the metal at this part of the presser-foot so as to leave a semi-circular
cavity, and this formation is found to be very advantageous in the working of the
machine. I may in some instances provide a small semi-circular concave projection
within the said cavity.
One very important feature of my present Invention is the provision of a device
of novel construction which serves as a combined presser-foot, work-guide, and
needle-guard, and this device is so constructed that it may forin an attachment to
the machine to replace parts that have been heretofore used to effect the same
objects. The said device is chiefly designed to be used with braid of the finer
qualities, but may also be employed very advantageously with other qualities. It
is constructed as follows, that is to say I provide a two-armed lever, the arms of
which are at right angles to each other, one arm being somewhat longer than the
other. The shorter of the two arms supports the parts now to be described, the
longer arni projecting upward and being kept normally pressed forward away from
the end of the front portion of the hinged carrier, hereinbefore mentioned, by a
spiral spring embedded within a recess in the said hinged carrier. This lever is
pivotted at its lower end or angle to the lower part of the extremity of the said
hinged carrier. To the short arm of the lever I attach two side arms or pieces, which
project forward and are parallel to each other, a space being left between them:
these two arms or pieces are curved downward at their front end, and are designed
to exert a pressure upon the second or upper strip of braid. In the said space
between these two arms or pieces I provide another arm or piece of somewhat
similar form, being also bent downward at its forward end, which is designed to
press upon the first or lower strip of braid and hold it firmly upon the feeder which
projects through a slot provided for it in the work-plate. This central arm or piece
is attached to the two aforesaid arms (between which it lies) by means of a pin or
pivot which passes through the said three arms or pieces. The central arm or piece
is so fitted upon this pin or pivot that it may be moved up and down independently
of the two aforesaid side arms or pieces by means of a screw or otherwise, this
independent adjustability being provided in order that the device may be suited to
different thicknesses of braid as required.
The said central arm or piece does not entirely occupy the space between the
two side arms or pieces, sufficient space being left on both sides of the central arm
or piece to receive two guide-pieces] (one on each side), which are arranged to slide

page_text: horizontally backward and forward so that they may be adjusted according to the
width of braid being sewn, and for which they form a guide. Above the said
central arm or piece, and extending forward beyond the same, there is a bar or
plate, whose end, which has a rounded surface and is curved downward, acts as a
guard to the needle, preventing the braid at that point from rising above the
surface of the needle.
By reason of the peculiar construction of this device the motion of the feeder is
alone sufficient to raise the parts against the yielding pressure of the aforesaid
spiral spring to allow the braid to feed or pass forward at the proper moment, and
immediately the pressure of the feeder is sufficiently removed from the lower braid
the aforesaid spiral spring being released acts on the longer arm of the two-armed
lever and presses down the whole of the parts, and both the upper and lower strips
of braid are held firmly to the work-plate for the stitch to be made, then the feeder
comes into operation again, raising the mechanism against the pressure of the spiral
spring and the braid is fed forward again, and so on. The curved end of the afore-
said central arm or piece may be adjusted to lie in the same horizontal plane as
that occupied by the curved end of the two side arms or pieces, or they may be in
a different horizontal planes, thus providing for accurate pressure on the two strips
of braid whatever may be their thickness.
The upward pressure of the feeder upon the lower strip of braid causes the three
arms or pieces to rise simultaneously, the spiral spring yielding readily to this
pressure, and the relative position of the said three arms or pieces is not changed
when so raised.
The front part of the two outside arms or pieces serves as a guide for the strip
of braid resting against them.
By pressing back the longer arm of the aforesaid two armed lever by hand
against the pressure of the spiral spring the whole of the said mechanism is raised
together, and work may be put in or removed with facility. A catch may, be pro-
vided to hold back the arm, and with it all the parts attached thereto. The said
sliding guide may in some cases be made in one piece, which is placed over the said
attachment and has spurs on each side, which projecting downward on each side of
a central arm serve as a guide to the first or lower braid. It also has a spur on the
front extremity, which projecting downward and behind the needle serves to
prevent the second or upper braid from passing under or over the feeding surfaces,
and the said central arm may also have an indentation on its extremity and at
right angles with it in such a manner that the central arm may serve the same
purposes as the above mentioned three arms or pieces by holding the second or
upper braid firmly at the same time as it holds the first or lower one.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said George Watson Hooper in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 10th
September 1879.
GEORGE WATSON HOOPER, of the City and State of New York, United States
of America, now of 8, Southampton Buildings, London. " IMPROVEMENTS IN
SEWING MACHINES CHIEFLY DESIGNED FOR STRAW-BRAID WORK."
My Invention relates to that class of sewing machines described in the Specifica-
tion of Letters Patent dated the 8th April, A.D. 1878, No. 1397, which machines
are chiefly designed for sewing straw braid.
The chief object of the present Invention is to provide means whereby several
parts of the mechanism may be capable of more ready alteration and adjustment
than have been heretofore practicable in order to suit various kinds and qualities of
work.
In the machine as formerly constructed the necessary variations in the throw of
the looper and feeder to suit different kinds or qualities of work were effected by
employing interchangeable cams, that is to say, the cams by which motion was com-
municated to the looper and feeder had to be removed and other cams substituted
for them whenever a different sized needle was required; but according to the
present Invention these variations are obtained in a much more simple and con-
venient manner.
The said Invention is illustrated in the accompanying Drawing, which I will now.
proceed to describe.
Figure 1 is a plan of a sewing machine constructed in accordance with my
Invention.
Figure 2 is an inverted plan, and
Figure 3 is a front elevation of the same.
Figure 4 is a side elevation of the said machine, a portion of the main frame.
being broken away.
Figures 5 and 5a are front elevations, and Figures 6 and 7 are side elevations of
portions of the said machine detached.
Figures 8, 9, and 10 represent different forms of the looper and needle to be
employed in sewing various kinds and qualities of work, as hereinafter described.
Like letters indicate the same parts throughout the Drawing.
a is the main frame of the machine; 6 is the main or driving shaft, which receives
motion from the pulley c or otherwise; a' is the carrier or supporter of the.work-
table, the presser-foot, and adjacent parts; the said carrier is hinged to the main
frame a, as shewn at a², and passing over the top of the said frame extends down
in front of the same, and carries the work-table d, over which the work passes, in
the direction indicated by the arrow in Figure 3; e is the needle, whose shaft e' is
arranged below the level of the work-table, and has the necessary motion imparted
to it from the cam b¹ on the main shaft b, as described in the said former Specifica-.
tion; fis the looper, and g is the oscillating feeder.
One part of the present Invention consists in providing means whereby I am
enabled to use the same cams, whatever may be the size of the needle employed; in.
order to effect this object I so arrange and secure the shank f¹ of the looper f to its
shaft f as to permit it to be readily removed and replaced by another looper to suit
the size of the needle employed for sewing either narrow, medium, or broad braid;
and in order to ensure the proper movement of the oscillating feeder g in relation to.
either sized needle, I attach to the said feeder a pivoted lever, which is operated by
a cam to impart the necessary oscillating movement to the said feeder, as hereinafter
described. By these means I am enabled to dispense with interchangeable cams, as
heretofore employed, and any one of the said loopers may be readily substituted for
another as required, this operation being much more simple and convenient than
that of changing the aforesaid cams; there is also an advantage with regard to cost
of construction.

page_text: According to this part of my Invention I form the point ƒ* of each of the said
loopers of different lengths, as shewn in Figures 8, 9, and 10.
Figure 8 shews in front elevation and plan a looper and needle to be employed
in sewing narrow braid, and which are similar to those shewn in Figures 3
and 4.
Figure 9 shews similar views of a needle and looper to be employed in sewing
medium braid; and
Figure 10 represents a needle and looper to be employed in sewing broad
braid.
It will be seen by reference to these Figures that the point f* of the looper
employed in connection with the largest needle is longer than that employed for
sewing medium braid, and much longer than the one for sewing narrow braid, and
it is this difference in the length of the points which permits the attainment of the
desired object by the substitution of one looper for another to suit the different
needles required for the various qualities or kinds of work. By providing a series
of loopers with points of different length I can use the looper whose point will
travel to a position sufficiently farther forward in its to and fro or oscillating
motion to suit the requirements of either of the needles, although the shaft or rod
to which it is attached does not vary in its extent of oscillation, and the said point
travels into the proper positions for looping the thread.
The above described arrangement of the looper enables me to dispense with the
rotating or turning movement of the looper on its shank heretofore necessary to
spread or turn and adjust the thread when the needle has made its back stroke out
of the braid, consequently I also dispense with the cam employed for imparting this
turning motion to the looper. The shank f¹ of the looper is fitted in the horizontal
rod or shaft f2 in such a manner that it may be readily removable therefrom, a
screw f³ being provided to secure it when properly set or adjusted. A longitudinal
reciprocating motion is given to the said rod by means of the cams 62, 63, fixed on
the main shaft b of the machine. The rear cam-faced surface of the cam 62 and the
front cam-faced surface of the cam 63 are so arranged as to transmit a longitudinal
reciprocating movement to a sliding bar h, the said bar being provided with rollers
h', h², upon which the aforesaid cams 62, 63, act. This bar is arranged to slide freely
in a guide-way in the main frame of the machine, and is connected with the afore-
said rod by means of an extension h³, forming part of the said sliding bar. The
end of the rod f2 passes through the said extension, and is secured in the proper
relative position with regard to the sliding bark by means of a collar f*; this collar
surrounds the said rod between the two arms of the extension, as shewn, and is
provided with a screw f5, which when tightened up will firmly hold the said rod in
the position desired. By loosening the said screw the rod f² may be adjusted
farther in or out in a longitudinal or end wise direction. The rod f2 and sliding bar h
are placed parallel to each other, as clearly shown in Figure 7. In order to impart
the requisite oscillating motion to the looper f I secure upon the aforesaid rod f² an
arm f, which is fastened to the said rod by a screw f', so that it may be adjusted
as required. The outer end of the said arm or lever is provided with a friction-
roller f, which engages with a cam 64 on the main driving shaft b; this cam
imparts the desired oscillating motion to the rod f2 through the aforesaid arm or
lever, this motion being consequently communicated to the looper f, whose shank fl
is fitted to the end of the said rod, as above described. A spiral spring f° is placed
upon the inner end of the rod f2, one end of the said spring being passed through
the said rod, and the other end arranged to rest beneath the aforesaid sliding bar h,
as shewn in Figure 2, in such a manner as to tend always to keep the friction roller
fs on the arm f pressed tightly against the cam b*.
The said Invention further comprises improved means for adjusting the oscillating
feeder g to enable the same to be employed in connection with any sized needle
without having to change the cam 6 which operates the same. Heretofore the
said feeder has been operated by a cam engaging with a roller fixed unadjustably
upon the feeder, and in order to vary the feed a different cam has had to be used,

page_text: but according to my present Invention I adapt the arrangement shewn detached in
Figures 5 and 5, that is to say, instead of attaching the roller g2 (upon which the
cam 65 acts) directly to the said feeder, I attach the said roller to a separate lever or
.arm g¹ connected with the feeder by a screw g³ which forms a pivot whereon the
said arm or piece may be moved up and down. The said arm is also provided with a
slot g' through which is passed another screw g³ which serves to securely hold the
arm g¹ in any desired position. By raising or lowering the outer end of this arm
the position of the roller g² thereon with regard to the cam is changed, and the
throw of the feeder is increased or diminished accordingly, the feed being thus
regulated with great accuracy and in a very simple and convenient manner without
any change of cam. The requisite up and down movements of the feeder
imparted to it in substantially the same manner as described in the aforesaid former
Specification, that is to say, the cam surface upon the periphery of the cam 6³ gives to
the lever i through the roller i² and lever an upward movement to cause the
feeder to rise and take hold of the braid or other material when making the feed,
the falling motion of the lever i and the said feeder to release the material during
its backward motion being produced by a spring 4. The lever is fulcrumed
g are
at on the lever i upon which the feeder g is pivoted, one end of the said lever i¹
being made adjustable by means of a screw i which passes through the aforesaid
lever i and causes any motion which is imparted to the lever it by the cam b³ to be
communicated to the lever i. j is an adjustable stop or screw arranged in connection
with the feeder g to regulate the length of feed. The forward motion of the said
feeder is effected by the cam 65 and arm g¹ as above described, and the backward
motion is produced by means of the spring g* coiled around the pivot of the said
feeder, as shewn in Figure 4, one end of the said spring being passed through the
said pivot, and the other end arranged to rest upon the upper surface of the lever i
so as to tend constantly to force the said feeder in a direction opposite to that
imparted to it by the aforesaid cam.
One very important feature of my present Invention is a device of novel
construction which serves as a combined presser-foot and needle-guard, and this
.device is so constructed that it may form an attachment to the machines of the
class herein described to replace parts that have been heretofore used to effect the
same objects. The said device is chiefly designed to be used with braid of the finer
qualities, but may also be employed very advantageously with other qualities. It is
constructed as follows, that is to say:-I provide a two-arıned lever k shewn
detached in Figure 6. The arms k¹, k², of this lever are at or nearly at right angles
to each other, the said lever being pivotted to the work table carrier or supporter a¹
at *. The arm ¹ of the said lever projects upward from the pivot at k*, and is
pressed forward or away from the end of the front portion of the said hinged carrier
by a spiral spring 7 embedded within a recess in the said carrier. This spring
surrounds a pin which is screw-threaded upon its outer end to fit a corresponding
screw thread in the aforesaid arm ke. By turning the said screw-threaded pin the
pressure of the spring upon the said arm may be regulated as desired for the
purpose hereinafter described. 12 is a lock-nut upon the screwed end of the
aforesaid pin to hold the parts in position when adjusted. The other arm k² of
the said lever is provided with two downwardly extending lips or flanges ³, k, the
front one of which serves as the presser-foot. Between the said downwardly
projecting pieces ³, k, the part n¹ of the compound gauge n passes the part n² of
the said gauge extending over the work table in front of the said presser-foot, as
shewn in Figures 1 and 4. The parts n', n², are so arranged as to be capable of
adjustment to suit braid of different widths in substantially the same manner as
described in the said former Specification.
To an upward extension of the aforesaid arm k² of the lever k is pivoted at m*
an arm or piece m provided at its front extremity with a downwardly projecting
part m which constitutes the needle-guard. This arm m is capable of adjustment
relatively to the aforesaid arm 2 by means of a screw-nut 5 which fits the screw-
thread formed upon the upper extremity of a pin or stud extending up from the

page_text: arm and surrounded by a spiral spring that tends to force the piece m upward.
By turning the said nut upon the screw the aforesaid needle-guard may be raised
'or lowered to suit the different sizes of needles employed. The spring above
described serves to constantly force the arm k³ carrying the presser-foot and needle-
guard down upon the work table by turning the pin , the tension of the said
spring may be so regulated as to increase or diminish the pressure on the said work-
table. o is a lever pivoted at o¹ and provided with an excentric slot through which
the upper end of the arm k extends. By turning this lever upon its pivot the
presser-foot, and needle-guard, and adjacent parts may be lifted to permit the braid
or other material to be inserted or removed. p represents an auxiliary presser-foot
.which is secured on a stud or pin n* projecting from the part n¹ of the compound
gauge by means of a screw p* passing through its boss. The said presser-
foot may be adjusted both longitudinally and vertically to suit the different widths
and thickness of braid employed, and keeps the braid down upon the work-table in
the proper position for the needle to enter the same.
By reason of the peculiar construction of this device, as above described, the
motion of the feeder is alone sufficient to raise the parts against the yielding
pressure of the aforesaid spiral spring to allow the braid to feed or pass forward
at the proper moment, and immediately the pressure of the feeder is sufficiently
relaxed or removed from the lower braid the spiral spring acts on the arm ke¹ of
the aforesaid lever k and presses down the lever k and its adjuncts, and both the
upper and lower strips of braid are held firmly on the work-plate for the stitch to
be made; the feeder then comes into operation and raises the mechanism against
the pressure of the spiral spring, as above described, the braid is again fed forward,
and the above described operations are repeated throughout the working of the
machine.
Having thus fully described the said Invention and the manner of performing
the same, I wish it understood that I claim,―
First. The employment of a series of interchangeable loopers, each of which is
properly proportioned to the particular needle with which it is to be used, so that
by placing a needle and looper of the required size in the machine in the proper
connection with the other parts of the same they will operate to effect the stitching,
and thereby any required quality or kind of work may be performed in the said
machine, as above set forth, without changing any of the cams thereof.
Second. The mechanism comprising the following parts, that is to say, the
sliding bar to which the rod carrying the looper is attached, the cams which impart
the required longitudinal movements to the looper, and the arm (with or without
a friction-roller) which engages with the cam, whereby in co-operation with the
spring the required oscillating movements are imparted to the said looper, all com-
bined and operating as above set forth and for the purposes specified.
Third. The improved means for adjusting the oscillating feeder, and consisting
of the adjustable arm or lever, (with or without a friction-roller,) pivotted on the
lever and provided with a holding screw, so that the said arm or lever may be
adjusted relatively to the cam on the main shaft, as and for the purpose set forth.
Fourth. The improved device shewn in Figure 6, and which serves as a combined
presser-foot and needle-guard, and consisting of a pivoted two-armed lever pro-
vided with a downwardly projecting flange or piece k that serves as the presser
foot, and the arm m having a downwardly projecting part that serves as the needle-
guard, and which is adjustable with regard to the work-table, all as above set forth
and for the purposes specified.
Fifth. The improved combined presser-foot and needle-guard in combination with
the compound gauge consisting of the two bars or plates, the upper plate of which
is provided with the adjustable auxiliary presser-foot, as and for the purposes
specified.
Sixth. The combination of the improved device, shown in Figure 6, with the
slotted lever for raising and lowering the presser-foot and needle-guard, substantially
Santh

page_text: Seventh. The combination of my improved combined presser-foot and needle-
guard with the other novel features of my Invention, as set forth in the above
claiming clauses, or with a machine constructed substantially as described in the
Specification of the aforesaid former Letters Patent, as and for the purposes
specified.
In witness.whereof, I, the said George Watson Hooper, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Tenth day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-nine.
GEO. WATSON HOOPER. (L.S.)