Improvements in Apparatus for Heating or Cooling Air and other Gases or Liquids, and for Generating Steam.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 21st Aug., 1899
Complete Specification Left, 21st May, 1900-Accepted, 30th June, 1900
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Heating or Cooling Air and other
Gases or Liquids, and for Generating Steam.
I, CARL JOHAN OSCAR BERGSTRÖM, of Kungsholmstorg, Stockholm, in the King-
dom of Sweden, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:-
The main object of my invention is to effect the transmission of heat to any
desired substance through the medium of a fluid so that the temperature of the
said substance to be treated can be easily regulated and not exceed the range
between the boiling and the freezing temperatures of the said fluid, all in one
and the same apparatus thus avoiding the necessity of employing two distinct
apparatus as hitherto; one for heating or cooling the liquid and another for
transmitting the heat to or from the substance to be treated. The apparatus ia
primarily intended for heating air which is sucked or forced by a suitable fan or.
blower therethrough and afterwards conveyed by any suitable means into a
building or apartment to be heated, but the invention may be applied to the
heating or cooling of any other gases or liquids.
According to my invention I employ a system of double or concentric tubes,
the arrangement being such that there are three distinct compartments about
them, that is to say (1) the space within each inner tube (2) the annular space
between each inner tube and outer tube and (3) the space surrounding the outer
tubes...
The transmitting fluid to be heated or evaporated occupies the annular space
between each pair of concentric tubes, the products of combustion from the fire
box being conducted either within the inner tubes or to the space surrounding
the outer tubes. The said annular spaces open out into the tube plates, which
are formed hollow for that purpose and from the said hollow tube plates there is
connection to a water drum or other receptacle.
In some cases the said concentric tubes may be prolonged beyond the tube
plate into the fire-box and the annular space between each pair of tubes is stopped
by a cap of suitable construction.
In the arrangement described the heating products of combustion would pass
through one compartment, water would be heated or steam generated in the com-
partment of which the annular space surrounding the inner tubes forms part and
the air to be heated would be sucked, or forced by a suitable fan or blower,
through the remaining compartment.
Similarly, the apparatus-if a freezing-mixture be circulated through one com-
partment in lieu of the products of combustion-might be used for cooling
purposes.
In the case of a heating apparatus the water will be fed and the pressure main-
tained through a pipe, entering from below into the lower part of the heater and
communicating with a pressure pipe. In the highest part of the water space is
an opening provided with a float valve, which is closed when the chamber is filled

page_text: with water. When sfeam collects it displaces the water through the feed pipe
whereby the water level is lowered and the float valve opens thus allowing the
steam to escape but at the same time preventing water from escaping.
A. F. SPOONER,
323, High Holborn, London,
Agent for the Applicant.
Improvements in Apparatus for Heating or Cooling Air and other
Gases or Liquids, and for Generating Steam.
I, CARL JOHAN OSCAR BERGSTRÖM, of Kungsholmstorg, Stockholm, in the King-
dom of Sweden, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to an apparatus for the transmitting of heat to or from
(heating or cooling of) air or other gases (or fluids) through the medium of a
Huid serving as a heat transmitter through which the temperature of the medium
which is to be heated or cooled can be regulated within the limit of the boiling
and freezing points of the said fluid.
Two separate apparatus have hitherto been used for this purpose; one for the
heating or the cooling of the fluid, serving as heat transmitter (for instance a
boiler) and another for transmitting the heat to or from the substance to be
treated (for instance a radiator of a heating plant or the cooling pipes used at
a cooling plant).
According to this invention both these operations take place in one and the
same apparatus.
The apparatus is primarily designed for heating air, which is sucked or forced
through this apparatus by a fan or other suitable means and then conveyed
through pipes into a building or apartment which is to be heated; but the inven-
tion may be applied to the heating or cooling of any other gases or fluids.
The apparatus principally consists of a system of double or concentric (ver-
tical horizontal or sloping) tubes or the like, forming three separate compart-
ments or passages, that is to say (1) the space within each inner tube, (2) the
annutar space between each inner tube and outer tube and (3) the space sur-
rounding the outer tubes. The spaces inside the inner tubes and outside the
outer ones form passages respectively for the two separate media one giving
heat (for example the combustion gases from a fireplace) the other medium
receiving heat (for example air which is to be heated). The space between the
inner and outer tubes is occupied by the heat transmitting fluid (for example
water).
In the accompanying drawings which show two forms of an apparatus made in
accordance with my invention,
Figure 1 is a vertical section on the line A-B Figure 3,
Figure 2 is a similar section on the line C-D), and
Figure 3 is a horizontal section on the line E-F Figure 1.
Figure 4 illustrates a safety arrangement to prevent the apparatus running
dry to guard against too high a pressure, and to regulate the draught through-
out the combustion chamber.
Figures 5 and 6 are vertical and horizontal sections of modifications.
The apparatus shown in Figures 1 to 3 consists of two horizontal receivers or

page_text: hollow tube plates a connected with each other by vertical pipes or tubes b..
Through the tubes 6 and the receivers a are inner pipes or tubes c.
The tubes c.
serve as conducting pipes for the combustion gases ascending from the fire place.
The fluid transmitting the heat consists of water with which the receivers a and
the space between the inner and outer tubes are filled. The space between the:
receivers a outside the outer pipes constitute a passage for the air to be heated
which is sucked or blown through by a fan or the like. Instead of the arrange-
ment shown in the drawing the pipes can of course be placed in such a way as to
allow the combustion gases to pass outside the outer tubes and the air to be
heated to pass through the inside pipes. If, (instead of the combustion gases)
a cooling mixture is allowed to circulate through the inner pipes (or outside of
the outer ones), the apparatus can be used for the cooling of air and other gases
or fluids.
When the apparatus is used for the purpose of heating only, the water is sup-
plied and the pressure maintained through a pipe f (Figure 4) connected to the
lower part of the water space so as to prevent the apparatus from blowing up by
too large a steam pressure.
At the top of the water space is an opening provided
with a valve i regulated by a float . This valve is shut as long as the water
space is filled with water.
In case of steam being produced this will gather at
the top of the water space and press down the water so that the water surface is
lowered at the same time lowering the float and opening the valve i so that the
steam passes out through the pipe k. This steam can profitably be used to
diminish the draught through the fire place thereby reducing the heat. This is
accomplished by leading the pipe k to a cylinder where the steam by its pres-
sure endeavours to lift a piston m. This piston is connected with the air damper
through the piston rod and link o. When the piston has reached its highest
position, the damper is completely shut. At the same time the piston rises above
a port or opening whereby the steam-space is put into direct connection with
the open air and the steam escapes until the piston has sunk below the opening p.
As the steam escapes, the water level in the water-space raises and shuts the
valve i.
By the arrangement described above it is evident that only steam but never
water escapes from the water space. Consequently it is impossible to run the
apparatus dry, since the steam that possibly might be formed and press the water
back into the pressure-pipe (f) and thereby make the apparatus empty of water,
is carried away.
The apparatus shown in Figures 5 and 6 is constructed for heating air and
generating steam. That is to say, it serves at the same time as boiler and as air-
heating apparatus. This apparatus consists of double tubes similar to the first
described apparatus but is made up by sections each containing two rows of
double tubes. The tubes have an inclined position, as being most convenient
for the water circulation. The two outer sections are prolonged into the fire
place, thus increasing the fire surface in proportion to the heating surface and
so using the excess of fire-surface for generating steam, which is collected in the
steam and water drum q. This steam is meant to be used for driving the fan
where no other driving power is to be obtained.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
1. An apparatus for heating or cooling air and other gases or liquids arranged
with three separate compartments containing respectively a heat-giving medium,
a heat-transmitting medium and a heat-receiving medium substantially as set
forth.
2. The combination, in an apparatus for heating or cooling air and other gases
or liquids of a receiver, and a series of concentric tubes the one series of tubes
passing into and the other series of tubes passing through such receiver whereby

page_text: three separate compartments are formed one to contain a heat-giving medium,
another a heat-transmitting medium and the third a heat-receiving medium sub-
stantially as set forth.
3. In a heating apparatus, the combination, with the receiver, of a float an
attached valve and a connection to a cylinder, the arrangement being such that
upon steam being produced the valve is opened and the escaping steam utilized
to regulate the flue damper substantially as set forth.
4. The combination, with an apparatus for heating air or other gases or liquids
arranged with separate compartments containing respectively a heat-giving
medium a heat-transmitting medium and a heat-receiving medium, of a steam
drum serving to prevent the collection of steam in the heat-transmitting com-
partment and whereby such steam can be utilized for driving the fan or other-
wise substantially as set forth.
5. Apparatus constructed, arranged, and operating substantially as described
with reference to the accompanying drawings.
1000
A. F. SPOONER,
323, High Holborn, London,
Agent for the Applicant.