IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR WEAVING SEAMLESS BAGS OR OTHER ARTICLES WITH HEMISPHERICAL OR REGULAR OR IRREGULAR ENDS OR FORMS
Year: 1859

page_text: 66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughts-
man, for the Invention of "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR WEAVING SEAMLESS
BAGS OR OTHER ARTICLES WITH HEMISPHERICAL OR REGULAR OR IRREGULAR
ENDS OR FORMS."-A communication from abroad by John Pender, of
the United States of America.
Sealed the 29th September 1859, and dated the 19th April 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred Vincent Newton'
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th April 1859.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR WEAVING SEAMLESS
BAGS OR OTHER ARTICLES WITH HEMISPHERICAL OR REGULAR OR IRREGULAR ENDS
OR FORMS," to be as follows:-
In carrying out the object of this Invention the following contrivances are
employed, viz., first, a full mounted jacquard harness so as to command every

page_text: thread independently in the ways. Second, a reed made about double the
width at the bottom that it is at the top, the dividing wires, instead of being
set parallel as usual, verging towards a common point on a line drawn through
the reed. This reed slides up and down when required in forming the cones
or ends of the articles to be manufactured, and the cards have to be cut so as to
alter the fabric, and close up the centre of the cone or end to form the desired
article. Third, while the cone or end of the article is forming there is a hand
or finger that rises in the centre of the bag or other article in process of manu-
facture, to take up the bulge or slack in the centre of the article aforesaid.
The operation of elevating or depressing the reed, or of lifting or sinking the
is effected by Parrot, jacquard gearing, screw, or otherwise. The hands
or fingers above mentioned are placed directly under the article in process of
manufacture, inside of the breast beam, and are operated by weights, or
otherwise.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Alfred Vincent Newton in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 18th October 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALFRED
VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of April, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-second year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, Her special license that I, the said
Alfred Vincent Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR WEAVING SEAMLESS BAGS OR OTHER ARTICLES WITH
HEMISPHERICAL OR REGULAR OR IRREGULAR ENDS OR FORMS," being a com-
munication from John Pender, of the United States of America, upon the con-
dition (amongst others) that I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, by an instru-

page_text: ment in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was.
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of
the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, do hereby-
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to-
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the-
following statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed,.
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
It has long been desirable, and many times attempted to make a seamless-
bag for cartridges, among other uses, the ordinary cartridge bag usually con--
sisting of either two or four pieces of some woven fabric sewn together. But.
as these seams are necessarily somewhat thick and clumsy, the bag will not.
accurately fit the bore of the gun, and consequently is liable to burst, leaving.
portions of the thick parts or seams within the gun, which as they remain.
ignited frequently cause premature discharges and loss of life. For forming
seamless bags, the operation of knitting has been applied, but they cannot be
thus made of a texture close enough to prevent the powder from sifting
through them. Now the Invention, as communicated to me by my foreign
correspondent, consists in a new arrangement of mechanical devices by which
bags without seam or selvage can be woven of any desired size or form, the
shape preferred however, and that which is best adapted for cartridge bags, for
the manufacture of which the Invention is more especially designed, being one,
the transverse section of which is of a circular form, gradually tapering
without losing the circular shape or fullness, that is, so that its longitudinal
section shall be about the shape of a parabolic section of a cone, to a point;
the apparatus being so arranged and contrived, that the tapering can com-
mence at any desired point of the operation, whereby any desired amount of
fullness may be imparted to the bag.
These results are effected by using, in combination with an ordinary,
jacquard harness, a tapering reed which narrows from top to bottom, between
the wires of which the threads or yarns of the warp pass. The reed is held.
stationary while the straight portion of the bag is being woven, and gradually
lowered when the tapering conical shape is desired to be given to the bag;
the fullness, when the bag begins to taper, being obtained by passing the
shuttle, with its filling, through that portion of the warp or the shed where
the fullness is desired, on the same principle as in ordinary weaving.

page_text: I will now proceed to describe more in detail the construction of the
apparatus employed for weaving seamless bags.
In the accompanying Drawings, Fig. 1 is a plan or top view of the
apparatus; Fig. 2 is a front elevation; and Fig. 3 is a transverse vertical
section taken in the plane of the line A, B, Fig. 1.
a, a, a, represent the supporting framework of the improved loom for
weaving seamless bags; b, b, b, represent an ordinary jacquard harness, which
may be operated in the usual manner; c, c, c, the warp, running from a beam
d, d; e, e, is a swinging or vibrating frame, actuated by a crank shaft f, f, as
shewn in the Drawings. In suitable guides or ways 9, 9, in the swinging
frame e, e, are placed any desired number of tapering reeds h, h, through which
the yarns of the warp c, c, c, pass. The filling is made to pass back and forth
through the sheds of the warp in the ordinary manner.
To form the straight
portion of the bag, or that which is to be of uniform diameter, the reed h is
held stationary, and as the bag is to be tapered, the reed h commences to lower
by its own weight, being attached to a cord or chain i, wound upon a shaft k,
which receives an intermittent rotary motion, so as to unwind the cord or
chain i, and thus allow the reed to lower by means of a ratchet wheel 1,
actuated by a pawl m, moved by a rocker arm n, that receives motion from
the crank shaft f, f, before referred to. Thus the reed as it descends will by
its tapering shape gradually gather the yarns of the warp closer together, and
while the shuttle is carrying the filling back and forth through the warp, give
the tapering shape to the bag, and bring it to a point or rounded end without
seam or selvage, as shewn at Figs. 4 and 5. To give the desired roundness
or fullness to the bag while it is being narrowed or tapered, more filling can
be put in by so operating the harness as to make the shuttle and its filling
pass back and forth through the desired sheds of the warp, to accomplish this
result, and as the bag approaches its extreme point or end, but little of the
warp should be used in the middle, in order to prevent the woven fabric from
becoming too thick and clumsy at the end. After the reed has been lowered
the required distance, and the bag finished, the reed is raised up, so as to be
ready to commence the formation of another bag, by means of a ratchet wheel
9, and pawl p, which wind up the cord i upon the shaft, the pawl m being
previously released from its ratchet wheel l.
Having now set forth the nature of the Invention of "Improved Machinery
for Weaving Seamless Bags or other Articles with Hemispherical or Regular
or Irregular Ends or Forms," as communicated to me by my foreign corre-
spondent, and explained the manner of carrying the same into effect, I wish it

page_text: to be understood that under the above in part recited Letters Patent, I claim
the use of a tapering reed in looms for weaving seamless bags, operating
substantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Eleventh day of October, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
Witness,
J. W. MOFFATT,
66, Chancery Lane.
A. V. NEWTON. (L.S.)