matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
CENTRAL ACTION BUFFERS AND SPRING GUIDES FOR TRAVERSING RODS
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Racster at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 26th May 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, WILLIAM RACSTER, M.A., Mathematical Master at the Royal
Military Academy, Woolwich, in the County of Kent, <lo hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "CENTRAL ACTION BUFFERS AND
SPRING GUIDES FOR TRAVERSING RODS" to be as follows:-
The buffers are attached to buffer rods, long enough to reach to
some distance behind the centre of gravity of the carriage. These
buffer rods are either connected together by cross rods with swivel
joints, with a motion like that of Roberval's balance, or are formed
into a rigid frame. To the center of the hinder part of this frame,
whether with swivel joints or rigid, is attached the central buffer spring
rod, the spring of which is placed behind the centre of gravity of the
carriage.

page_text: By this arrangement it is considered that the pressures upon the
buffers being equal, and producing a single pull through the center of
gravity, the motion of the carriage will be rendered equable and steady.
The spring guides are to exercise a constant lateral pressure upon
the connecting rods or upon the buffer rods, and thus constitute an easy
counteracting action against any tendency to wobbling, instead of
arresting such wobbling in one direction by a sudden jerk in another.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARTRIDGES
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Lott at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
6th June 1853.
I, FREDERICK LOTT, of No. 9, Bloomfield Place, Pimlico, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARTRIDGES " to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of applying to projectiles a cartridge in such
manner that in the act of ramming down the cartridge the back end
shall give way and open to allow the powder to enter the breech. The
cartridge is made of paper or other suitable material, and of somewhat
less diameter than the ball or projectile, so that it will pass more readily
down the fire-arm, and will not be liable to be crushed till it arrives at
or near the breech, when, by reason of the covering material at the back
end of the cartridge being of weak material as compared with the stiffer
and stronger circumscribing ring at the back end of the cartridge, the
forcing of the cartridge further into the barrel will cause it to burst and
let out the powder into the breech; with this object the more forward
part of the cylinder or case containing the powder is made weaker than
the back end of the cartridge, so as to crush by being rammed into the
barrel when its end comes against the breech.
A NEW MACHINE OR IMPLEMENT FOR HOEING, CUTTING, AND OTHERWISE OPERATING UPON TURNIPS OR OTHER AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Murray at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
May 1858.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, THOMAS MURRAY, of Marygold, in the County of Berwick, Scotland,
Farmer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A
NEW MACHINE OR IMPLEMENT FOR HOEING, CUTTING, AND OTHERWISE
OPERATING UPON TURNIPS OR OTHER AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE" to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in the general arrangement and construction
of the machine or implement herein-after described.
This machine or implement is composed essentially of the following
parts: There is a strong frame mounted on wheels and fitted with
shafts, to which a horse or horses may be attached. On the same axle
with the wheels is a toothed wheel, giving motion through a pinion and
shaft, with bevilled gear to a crank shaft furnished with a fly wheel to
regulate its motion. This bevilled gear may be varied in size to suit

page_text: different circumstances. Jointed to the crank shaft is a crank rod,
which is again connected by joints to a pair of slide rods passed through
fixed staples or guides. The crank rod may be adjusted so as to suit
the required length of motion to be given to the slide rods. Attached
to these slide rods (which are horizontal) are guide boxes, through
which pass vertical rods, each carrying at its lower end the hoe or other
instrument which is to be brought into operation by the machine.
These vertical rods work up and down against small friction rollers in
the guide boxes, and they have a compound motion imparted to them
by means of a lever turning on a fixed centre, so that the hoc or
instrument at the end of the vertical rod is made to move over the arc
of a circle.
Instead of a hoe or hoes, as described, there may be fixed a pointed
cutter for cutting up turnips or other agricultural produce; and the
machine may have applied to it any agricultural instrument which
may be made to produce useful effects by having the above-described
motion or motions imparted to it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BUILDING MATERIALS
Year: 1853

page_text: I, JOHN PYM, of Pimlico, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN BUILDING MATERIALS" to be as follows:-
I form pieces or blocks of any given size required for building, by
covering or facing common brick, slate, stone, earthenware, concrete,
or other suitable material, with slate, marble, stone, or earthenware. I
cement the two together to form a brick or block.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN PIANOFORTES
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Eugene Rolt at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
May 1858.
T, EUGENE ROLT, of Saint John's Wood, in the County of Middle-
sex, Composer of Music, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN PIANOFORTES" to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in inserting horizontally a metal tube
open at both ends through the rest plank, the sounding bars and
the bracings carried through the ends or sides of the pianoforte, and
forming sound holes. These sounding bars I make hollow instead of
solid, as hitherto, and leave the top ends open which communicate
through corresponding holes with the metal tube. I also make a
series of sound holes in the belly or sounding board opening into the
hollow bars; thus the sound or vibration will enter these hollow bars,
and through them pass into the metal tube, and through the metal tube
at each end escape from the instrument. By these arrangements the
tune of the instrument is very much increased in brilliancy and power.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REGULATING THE FLOW OF AIR TO STEAM-BOILER FURNACES
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Rawson and Thomas
Whitehead at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 10th October 1858.
We, HENRY RAWSON, of Leicester, in the County of Leicester,
Manufacturer, and THOMAS WHITEHEAD, of the same place, Mechanic,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN REGULATING THE FLOW OF AIR TO STEAM-BOILER FURNACES" to be as
follows:-
The improvements consist in regulating the quantity of air admitted
to furnaces by the pressure of steam in the boiler. Steam from the
boiler passes into a cylinder or chamber, where it acts upon a piston or
moveable cover, which may be weighted as required, and is connected
to the valve or regulator of a pipe box or channel through which air
passes to the furnace to support combustion, by which the pressure of
steam in the boiler will regulate the quantity of air admitted.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF MANUFACTURING STEEL OR OTHER METALLIC PENS
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Lutwyche at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th August 1853.
I, ALFRED LUTWYCHE, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
MODE OF MANUFACTURING STEEL OR OTHER METALLIC PENS" to be as
follows, that is to say:-
My Invention consists in an arrangement of the cutting out tools,
whereby I entirely avoid making any waste, except in the curving of the
points and rounding of the ends. I effect this mainly by forming a
stop or stops in the top tool, and which said stop or stops are sufliciently
long so as to decend into the under or bed tool; these stops regulate
the advancing of the inetal, as it must be pushed forward to the stops
at cach turn of the press. In addition to the great reduction of
waste, the stops forms a regulator for the worker, thereby greatly
diminishing the skill and judgement- generally required in the use of
steel pen tools.
S
AN AGRICULTURAL REAPING MACHINE
Year: 1853

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Davies at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
April 1853.
(Void by reason of notice to proceed not having been given within the
time prescribed by the Act.)
I, ROBERT DAVIES, of Allisson Street, Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Brickmaker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for AN AGRICULTURAL REAPING MACHINE" to be as follows:-
To consist of two large wheels with axle-tree, and two large drums
to be fixed on the axle-tree, and two smaller drums, with two wheels,
fixed in the centre of cach drum, and two crown wheels, and two
shafts, with cross bars fixed upon each end; and two round knives,
with a box to be fitted at the back on the wood framework, and a
wooden frame with sides for the machinery to be fixed to, with two
large leather straps to work the drum wheels.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULD- ING, MORE PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE TO TOOTHED WHEELS
Year: 1853

page_text: time prescribed by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th December 1858.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County
of Middlesex, and of Glasgow, North Britain, Gentleman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULD-
ING, MORE PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE TO TOOTHED WHEELS," being a com-
munication from Monsieur De Louvrié, of St. Marc, in the Empire of
France, Engineer, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the casting of toothed wheels, and consists
of a peculiar mode of constructing the moulds, whereby patterns are
dispensed with. The circular portions of the wheels, such as the rims
and bosses, are formed by a rotating arm with a scraper attached. The
spokes are formed by suitably shaped scrapers; and the teeth are
formed by inserting small pieces of suitably shaped clay made hollow
for the rim, such pieces or cores corresponding with the spaces between
the teeth. They are put into their places by the aid of an apparatus
similar to a dividing engine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WET GAS METERS
Year: 1854

page_text: UDU ZA•}
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Richards at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th April
1854.
I, WILLIAM RICHARDS, of Barcelona, in the Kingdom of Spain, Engineer
to the Gas Works, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN WET GAS METERS" to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in gas meters known as wet
meters, and consists in the employment of a partially spheroidal vessel as the
measuring chamber, in combination with a universal joint valve motion and
plumb valve. This vessel works on a fixed support by means of a universal
joint attached to the lower end of the actuating spindle. The upper end of
the spindle is connected to a revolving crank, secured to the bottom of a vertical
shaft, on which a crank is formed to actuate a pair of slide valves, similar
to those employed in the ordinary dry gas meters. In the interior of the
spheroidal vessel before mentioned there is a concentric spherical chamber
open at the top and bottom, in the centre of which is fitted the universal
joint. The annular space between the outer and inner casing is divided into
four compartments by radiating partitions, which compartments are closed at
the top and open at the bottom. The centres of the universal joint upon
which the vessel oscillates are made to coincide with the centre line of each
compartment, so that the measuring vessel has a continuous vertical oscillating or

page_text: undulating movement, the universal joint preventing the vessel from turning
on its own axis. The inlet and exit of the gas into and out of the several
chambers is effected through four passages leading from the slide valve, such
passages entering the interior of the chamber by suitably bent pipes. In order
to ensure the level of the water being at a proper height, a valve and float
will be employed, as is generally understood, and a plumb valve will also be
employed to prevent the meter being rendered ineffective, which may also
be applied to other meters. This valve consists of a ring with four passages
for the gas, which passages are closed by the action of a plumb suspended
from the centre of the ring. From the peculiar conformation of the measuring
vessel, a variation in the level of the water will not interfere with the measure-
ment of the gas, which constitutes the principal or main feature of this Inven-
tion. The spheroidal vessel above mentioned is also applicable in another
arrangement, wherein the gas is admitted at the central spherical chamber,
and passes therefrom by suitable openings into the various compartments of
the main vessel, and is expelled by other suitable openings in the outer
casing of the vessel, these orifices being so arranged that the inlet and outlet
are sealed by the water immediately that the compartments have received their
proper supply of gas.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF CANDLES
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Finnemore Evans at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th December 1854.-A communication.
I, THOMAS FINNEMORE EVANS, of Philpot Lane, in the City of London, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF CANDLES" to be as follows:-
Heretofore fatty and oily bodies have been converted into elaidine and
claidic acid by the action of nitrous gases, obtained by the decomposition
of nitric acid by an organic body, such as sawdust. Now, nitrous gases so
obtained are always impregnated with nitric acid, which very much injures
the product, giving to it a yellow color, to free it from which distillation is
usually resorted to. This Invention consists in acting on fatty and oily bodies
with nitrous gases which are free from nitric acid, by which means a product
is obtained, which, after it has undergone the saponifying process, is fit for the
manufacture of candles.
The manner in which it is preferred to obtain nitrous gases free from nitric
acid is by passing the impure gases obtained by the ordinary method through
sulphuric acid, or through a cylinder surrounded by cold water, and containing
a porous body, such as charcoal or pumice stone; but other means of obtaining
nitrous gases free from nitric acid may be resorted to in carrying out this
Invention.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WINCHES
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Dewar Morrison, of Sunderland, in the County
of Durham, Smith, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN WINCHES."
Sealed the 18th July 1854, and dated the 1st February 1854
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Dewar Morrison at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st February 1854.
I, JOHN DEWAR MORRISON, of Sunderland, in the County of Durham,
Smith, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN WINCHES to be as follows:-
This Invention relates more especially to ships' winches employed in
hauling ropes, and consists of a drum or barrel working on a fixed spindle, as
in ordinary winches of this class; but the power is applied differently, there
being one or more actuating levers working on a fixed centre near the drum
or barrel. These levers communicate by means of palls with the barrel, or a
notched or ratchet wheel on the end of the same, so that a nearly continuous
rotatory motion is obtained by the working of the levers, which may be actuated
from both ends simultaneously.
A NEW COMPOSITION OF MATERIALS SUITABLE FOR MOULDINGS, AND FOR MOST PUR- POSES POR WHICH LEATHER AND GUTTA PERCHA HAVE BEEN OR MAY BE EMPLOYED
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Edward Forty and William
Haynes at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 27th March 1854.
We, ARTHUR EDWARD FORTY, of Kennington, in the County of Surrey,
Stationer, and WILLIAM HAYNES, of New Kent Road, also in the County of
Surrey, Leather Dresser, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"A NEW COMPOSITION OF MATERIALS SUITABLE FOR MOULDINGS, AND FOR MOST PUR-
POSES POR WHICH LEATHER AND GUTTA PERCHA HAVE BEEN OR MAY BE EMPLOYED,"
to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in forming a composition of the more fleshy parts of
hides and leather (known as curriers' shavings), tan, gutta percha or caoutchouc,
or gutta percha and caoutchouc and shellac; and the composition is prepared
as follows: We take curriers' shavings and tan, and reduce them to small
particles by a tearing machine; we separate dust and other refuse matter
from the leather shavings and tan by rubbing them over a perforated plate,
and we continue rubbing them until they become soft and spongy; this
mixture is then dried and thoroughly saturated with a solution of oil and spirits
of turpentine. We next mix in a separate vessel gutta percha or caoutchouc,
or gutta percha and caoutchouc and shellac, reduced into small particles, and
boil the whole in water, which we heat to from 190° to 230° Fahrenheit, and
stir the mass the whole time it is kept boiling. We then evaporate the water,

page_text: and add the mixture of leather cuttings, tan, oil, and turpentine, in proportions
varying with the qualities; the composition may be ultimately required to
assume and cause the whole mass to become thoroughly amalgamated in a
masticating or other suitable machine. We prepare a solution of gum, common
salt, and sulphate of ammonia, dissolved and boiled in water, and kneed and
work the composition therein for from 15 to 30 minutes. The composition is
thus formed, and may be reduced to sheets by passing it through heated rollers,
and may, if necessary, be made to adhere to sheets or strips of calico, linen,
or other textile fabrics, while so passing through; the rollers may be moulded
in a similar manner to the moulding of gutta percha, and be otherwise treated
in various ways. When the new composition is required to be of a yielding
nature, we add a portion of carbonate of soda, and saccharine or gummy matter,
to the solution of gum, salt, and sulphate of ammonia. When the composition
is required to be hard, we add a greater quantity of the leather shavings and
tan..
}
,
AN IMPROVED ROTARY ENGINE
Year: 1854

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Lawrence at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th March
1854.
I, JAMES LAWRENCE, of Leeds, in the County of York, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED ROTARY ENGINE
follows:-
This Invention consists in certain new mechanical arrangements and com-
binations of parts constituting an improved rotary engine, the construction of
which is as follows:-I employ two cylinders or drums, securely fixed upon
one shaft, working in bearings in the case or jacket in which the aforesaid
drums rotate; and I admit steam alternately to each of the drums, so that
while the full pressure of the steam is being exerted in one drum to the
greatest advantage, the steam in the other drum is cut off, and vice versa,
so as to allow a diaphram to rise and let a partition on the drum pass it,
thereby keeping constant pressure exerted upon the shaft; and I employ ex-
panding metallic segments which surround the rubbing edges of the diaphram -
and partitions which are fixed transversely on the aforesaid drums. And I
pack and render steam tight those parts of said drums which are in contact
with and rub against the surface of the fixed cylinder by the use and appli-

page_text: cation thereto of conical shaped rings, or segments of rings, which are acted
upon by springs. And I employ an abutting piece for the steam to act against,
said piece being mounted upon an axis, upon which it turns to allow the par-
titions upon the drum to pass it, and the edges of such said piece are so
made as to press against the surface of the before-mentioned drums and
those parts in which such said piece works so as to render the same steam-
tight.
A MACHINE FOR CRUSHING COAL AND THE REFUSE ARISING FROM THE COMBUSTION OF COAL USED FOR BRICK MAKING AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1854

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Blaker and William Wood
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 16th January 1854.
We, PETER BLAKER, of Crayford, in the County of Kent, Brick Merchant,
and WILLIAM WOOD, of 126, Chancery Lanc, in the City of London, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A MACHINE FOR CRUSHING COAL AND THE REFUSE ARISING FROM THE
COMBUSTION OF COAL USED FOR BRICK MAKING AND OTHER PURPOSES."
The coal and cinders or ashes arising from the combusion of coal are
crushed by being passed between metal rollers either with plain surfaces or
indented, or revolving bars with projecting teeth, knives, or scarifiers, all or
either, to which a rotary motion is given, either by human power, animal
power, wind, water, steam, or any other at present known motive power.
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF BATH CHAIR
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Metcalfe at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th December
1854.
I, THOMAS METCALFE, of High Street, Camden Town, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF BATH CHAIR" to be as follows:-
The chief object of this Invention is to construct an invalid chair suitable
for out-of-door use, in such a manner that it will admit of being folded up and
packed away in a comparatively small space for the purpose of transport. The
chair consists mainly of two skeleton frames jointed together, after the manner
of the ordinary folding chair, and similarly provided with jointed arms. These
frames I mount on wheels, which may be removed at pleasure to allow of
castors being applied to the axles of the wheels.
Sacking or other cloth is secured to the frames to form the seat and back of
the chair or cushions, or a folding mattrass may be used for that purpose.
To the upper end of the frame, which constitutes the back of the chair, I
joint a head frame, and to the lower end of the same frame I joint or other-
wise secure a front frame, which is intended to support the forward end of a
canopy, the hinder end being attached to the head frame. To the upper end
of the frame, to which the hinder wheels are attached, I joint a frame which
carries a foot board, and over which the canvas or other covering for the frames

page_text: may extend. To keep the parts in position, I employ quadrants and stop pins,
or their equivalent. This construction of chair will admit of being folded up
into a very small space for transport; the foot board and head frame folding
under, the main frames folding into each other, and the frame in front for
carrying the canopy folding upon the main frames. This chair also admits
of being used as a couch or bedstead.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSUMPTION OR PREVENTION OF SMOKE
Year: 1854

page_text: 1, JAMES MCCONNELL of Hazeldean, in the County of Renfrew,
North Britain, Bleacher, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSUMPTION OR PREVENTION OF
SMOKE" to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the so arranging furnaces and fire-places
and their flues that the smoke may be entirely or nearly consumed,
whilst the fuel is greatly economised. This is accomplished by passing
a gas pipe into some part of the flues in such way that a steady gas
flame may be kept up at the required point, and as the unconsumed
gases come forward on their route to the chimney they are consumed
by passed through the flame. This flame or burning power may be
kept up either by a gas pipe or in any other convenient way; the

page_text: special object being tlie obtainment of a powerful flame or heating
medium through which to pass the gases; and as they are consumed the
flame passes round the flues, and the heat derived therefrom is therefore
economically applied to any required purpose.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR HEATING AND SUPPLYING HEATED LIQUIDS TO BATHS, USEFUL ALSO FOR SUPPLYING HEATED LIQUIDS FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1854

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Piercy and George Collins
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
19th September 1854.
We, GEORGE PIERCY and GEORGE COLLINS, of 28, Judd Place West, New
Road, in the County of Middlesex, Bath Manufacturers, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR HEATING AND
SUPPLYING HEATED LIQUIDS TO BATHS, USEFUL ALSO FOR SUPPLYING HEATED LIQUIDS
FOR OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the use of an apparatus for heating and supplying
in an expeditious manner heated liquids for the above purposes. This appa-
ratus consists of a hollow cylinder made of tin, copper, brass, iron, or any
other metal which will stand the fire.
Within this cylinder, near the bottom thereof, is a plate, in which is inserted
a number of tubes which the fire passes through from the fire-place, gas
jet, or other heater, at the bottom of the cylinder beneath the plate above
mentioned. The fire passes through these tubes, and heats a pan a-top of the
cylinder, containing a regulated supply of water already heated by passing
between the said tubes. A pipe is to be connected with the above for supplying
cold water, which, passing through this apparatus,-soon-becomes-heated, & is
conveyed to the bath or other place required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY BREAKS
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Seaborn Parkinson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
April 1854.
I, GEORGE SEABORN PARKINSON, of Westbourne Park Road, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY BREAKS " to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the construction of an electro-magnetic break made
to act on the axles of the carriages as well as on jams or ordinary breaks, placed
between every pair of wheels where required. An iron casing of sufficient
strength is strongly clamped over the axle on any part that may be found most
convenient. To this casing is attached and properly secured a powerful double
faced hook, more or less curved; outside the casing is fixed a wooden wheel of
proper thickness and height. The circumference of this wooden wheel is over-
laid by two narrow tramways or guides of soft iron. Above and within a limited
distance of said tramways is suspended, by means of a balance, spiral or other
spring, an electro-magnet, kept from oscillating by a swinging bar or bars
attached to the under side of the carriage, and kept perfectly perpendicular by
springs pressing from opposite sides, but which will allow of the bars being
pushed backwards or forwards when sufficient force is applied to them. The
magnet is attached to the bars by sliding fastenings; one end of a bar or chain is
attached to the upper part of the magnet, and the other to the before-mentioned
spiral spring. Between the legs of the magnet and attached to it an iron ring

page_text: is suspended to the upper part, of which one end of a powerful chain or iron
rope is attached, and the other end is conducted by means of friction rollers or
other convenient means to a bar, bars, or lever, by which breaks of any
approved construction, and made to act between the wheels, are put into action;
or the chain may be drawn through the ring and the ends attached to separate
bars. Insulated copper wires are conducted the length of each carriage, with
shorter wires connected to each magnet joined to them. The wires are coupled
between each carriage, and conducted to a battery either on the engine or
in any carriage in the train; or two batteries might be used. When wishing
to stop a train, the batteries being put into action, the magnetic influence
is instantaneously induced; the magnet will attach itself to the revolving
metallic tramway, and being instantly drawn down, it will bring the ring into
position for receiving the encircling hook, which passes into it, and imme-
diately acting on the lever, will jam the breaks against the wheels and stop
their revolution. Should the hook not grasp the ring sufficiently, a long steel
tongue might be fixed to it, and by its passing through the ring in advance of
the hook retain it in proper position for its being grasped. To release the
hook and break, the carriages must be moved slightly backwards.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN POWER LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Smith and William
Bramwell Hayes at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 29th June 1854.
We, WILLIAM SMITH and WILLIAM BRAMWELL HAYES, both of Manchester,
in the County of Lancaster, Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of
our Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN POWER LOOMS FOR WEAVING" to
be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in the application of a "break
application of a "break" to stop the loom
without concussion, which we effect by the employment of an extra pulley
or wheel on the driving or crank shaft of a power loom, such pulley being
furnished on its rim with a tooth or stop-piece. A spring, also provided with a
stop, nearly encircles the pulley, but when not in action allows the pulley to
revolve clearly; the spring at the end, which is furnished with a stop, is
retained by a connecting rod, having at its opposite end a finger. When it is
desired to stop the loom, the "stop rod" strikes the finger, thrusting forward
the connecting rod, and presenting the stop of the spring to the action of the
stop of the pulley, which, when they come in contact, immediately tighten the
spring round the rim of the pulley, and thus form a most effective sudden
"break," as well as doing away with the concussion and damage to the machinery,
frequently arising from the use of "frogs" and "breaks" as at present
employed in power looms.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHIP-BUILDING
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Thorneycroft, of Wolverhampton, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN SHIP-BUILDING."
Sealed the 20th March 1855, and dated the 29th December 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Thorneycroft at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th December
1854.
I, THOMAS THORNEYCROFT, of Wolverhampton, do hereby declare the nature
of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SHIP-BUILDING" to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to obtain greater strength, more particularly
with reference to ships of war, and to render such ships less liable to injury
from shot and projectiles; also to prevent their being boarded by an enemy.
For this purpose, the upper part of the body of a ship above the water line is
constructed by the employment of bars of wrought iron, which are made to
pass in front and at the back of each other, so that a basket or woven work
of bars of iron is produced in the form desired, and the same is rendered
waterproof by timber or planking; and in order to prevent a ship being
boarded by an enemy, steam pipes are conducted and fixed round the upper
parts, in such manner as to have openings for the passage of streams of steam.
which may be turned on from the boiler when required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF VENTILATING MINES, SEWERS, AND OTHER SUBTERANIAN WORKS, AND LIKEWISE FOR THE WARMING AND VENTI- LATING OF ALL KINDS OF PUBLIC BUILDINGS
Year: 1854

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Abraham Rogers at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st May 1854.
I, ABRAHAM ROGERS, Coal Proprietor & Miner, Beeston Royds, near
Leeds, in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF VENTILATING MINES, SEWERS,
AND OTHER SUBTERANIAN WORKS, AND LIKEWISE FOR THE WARMING AND VENTI-
LATING OF ALL KINDS OF PUBLIC BUILDINGS," to be as follows:-
1st. I propose to construct in the most eligable and convenient position a
chimney or shaft, and in connexion therewith two or more coke ovens or other
arrangements for producing heat.
2nd. I propose to construct an archway over or otherwise in connexion
with the coke ovens or other arrangements for the production of heat; and
such archway or tunel, or other means of communication between the mine,
sewer, or other place to be ventilated; and the chimney or shaft to be kept in
a constant state of heat by such arrangements; so that the deleterious gases
shall be drawn into the shaft or chimney, and then discharged into the
atmosphere at any elevation which may be required for the public safty.
I make no claim for the parts seperately; my claim is for the particular
arrangement of the parts to produce heat and ventilation by the means stated,
which will be more fully described in the complete Specification and Drawings,
and which improvements will be of great benifit to the public.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING THE FLEECES OR NATURAL COVERINGS OF SHEEP AND OTHER ANIMALS WHEN ON THE ANIMALS
Year: 1854

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John George Taylor at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd January
1854.
I, JOHN GEORGE TAYLOR, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING THE FLEECES OR NATURAL COVERINGS OF SHEEP AND
OTHER ANIMALS WHEN ON THE ANIMALS" to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the obtainment of an effective composition or
material for dressing or treating the fleeces of sheep, and the natural coverings
of other animals, instead of the ordinary dipping or dressing composition.
The dressing material is composed of the oil derived from the distillation of
common coal, parrot coal, the boghead or torbane mineral, or other mineral of
the like class mixed with 25 per cent., more or less, of rosin, resin, or resinous
matters. To this mixture may be added a portion of bees-wax or other waxy
material. This composition is then applied to the fleeces or natural coverings
of sheep and other animals in the usual way, for the prevention of disease and
the improvement of the wool or natural covering.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SIGHTS FOR RIFLES AND OTHER FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Bissell at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th December
1854.
I, CHARLES BISSELL, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Gun
and Pistol Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SIGHTS FOR RIFLES AND OTHER FIRE-ARMS" to be as
follows, that is to say:-
The Invention consists in constructing sights for fire-arms with a graduated
scale on each side, formed on two pieces of steel of a bow shape. The sight is
hinged on to the barrel, and is raised or lowered between these two bow pieces,
the inner sides of which have a number of notches, into which the sight clicks
as it is raised or lowered; to these notches on the inner sides a corresponding
number of figures on the outer sides of the bow pieces tell the precise distance
of the object; thus, the marksman having raised the sight until it clicks
into the first notch, knows that the object is 200 yards off, the second notch
denotes 300, and so on, until the sight is in a vertical position, which denotes
the greatest distance, or 1000 yards.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR BEETLING WOVEN FABRICS
Year: 1854

page_text: by the J
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Forshaw at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th December
1854.
I, THOMAS FORSHAW, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lan-
caster, Calenderer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR BEETLING WOVEN FABRICS"
to be as follows:-
I propose to fix a number of cylinders on framework at each side of the
cloth roller, with corrugated or indented beaters at the end of each piston, so
that as the steam acts upon the pistons, it will give direct motion to them, and
cause the beaters to strike the fabric on the roller; and as the roll of cloth will
become less in diameter during the process of beetling, the direct action of the
piston will still force the beater against the cloth, however much it may be
diminished in bulk, which cannot be accomplished by a crank or eccentric
motion. I place an exhaust pipe in any convenient position, and use the waste
steam from all the cylinders for bleaching or other useful purposes. I give the
cloth roller a vibratory motion horizontally, as well as a revolving motion on
This horizontal motion is for the purpose of securing the beetling
process to the whole surface of the cloth or fabric. The horizontal and
rotatory motion I produce by steam power also in any convenient manner.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CURING DEFORMITIES OF THE HUMAN FRAME
Year: 1854

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Heather Bigg at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th September
1854.
I, HENRY HEATHER BIGG, of Leicester Square, in the County of Middlesex,
Anatomical Instrument Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CURING DEFORMITIES OF THE HUMAN
FRAME" to be as follows:-
My Invention of improved apparatus for curing deformities of the human
frame relates more particularly to apparatus intended to correct deformities of
the limbs, such as of the feet or hands, where parts of the limbs have been
contracted, distorted, or drawn on one side out of their natural position. To
effect this object the lower part of the limb (say, for example, the foot,) is secured
in a shoe or frame, which is jointed to another frame that receives the leg, the
joints or connections of the two parts being made in such a manner that the
shoe may be turned in any direction, according to the peculiar nature of
the deformity. To one side of the shoe that receives the foot are affixed a
number of studs or pins, and on one side of the vertical frame, which envelopes
and secures the leg, are a corresponding number of holes or studs; from these
latter to the studs or pins on the shoe are extended a number of elastic bands

page_text: or straps, so arranged that the clastic force of the bands or straps shall have a
tendency always to pull over the shoe or frame which receives the deformed
part to the proper position. If the apparatus is intended to be applied to the
arm or hand, its shape or form must of course be suitably modified; but it will
be constructed upon precisely the same principle in all cases.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SULPHURIC ACID
Year: 1854

page_text: (This Invention reairal Provisional Protection, but notice to proccal with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribal
hy the Act)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Thornthwaite at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th January 1854.
I, WILLIAM HENRY THORNTHWAITE, of Newgate Street, in the City of
London, Operative Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SULPHURIC ACID " to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to the use of some catalyzing agents, as platinized
asbestos, or other platinized substance not liable to change from the action of
sulphuric acid, the sesquioxide of chromium, the sesquioxide of iron, the ses
quioxide of manganese, or other sesquioxide, for the purpose of causing or
assisting the combination of oxygen gas (whether derived from common air or
from other sources,) in the presence of sulphurous acid, and therebyproducing
sulphuric acid.
This I effect by preference, by passing the sulphurous acid mixed with the
requisite quantity of common air over the catalyzing agent, previously heated,
or passing the fumes from a burning mixture of sulphur and nitrate of potass,
as ordinarily employed, for the manufacture of sulphuric acid over the heated
catalyzing agent,bywhich a considerable saving of nitrate of potass is effected.
IMPROVE- NENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS AND SHOES OR OTHER COVERINGS FOR THE FEET
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Julian Bernard, of Club Chambers, Regent Street,
in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
NENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS AND SHOES OR OTHER COVERINGS FOR
THE FEET."
Sealed the 23rd February 1855, and dated the 8th September 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Julian Bernard at the.
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th September 1854.
I, JULIAN BERNARD, of Club Chambers, Regent Street, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BOOTS AND SHOES OF OTHER COVERINGS
FOR THE FEET" to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the adaptation of machinery or mechanical appa-
ratus for the manufacture of boots and shoes or other coverings for the feet,
and consists of an arrangement for effecting the turning in or over of the edge
of that part of the leather which forms the "tread," this turned-over portion
being the part for attachment to the heel of the boot or shoe. For this
purpose a frame is fitted up with a series of traversing shaper slides, one or
more, however, being used as may be desirable, these slides being actuated by a
set of eccentrics or other similar movements.

page_text: The last or support over which the leather is to be shaped is disposed in the
lower part of the frame beneath the slides, which are placed one within the
other in regular graduations of size. The external sliding shaper is of a semi-
circular shape, in transverse section, and it comes first into action upon the
leather. The leather being duly disposed upon the last, on which an inner
sole is placed, the outer shaper is made to descend and embrace the leather,
with but a slight shaping or moulding pressure. This action gives the primary
bend or turn over to the edge of the leather. In this way the edge of the
leather is, as it were, cupped, in the manner of the moulded stuffing box
leathers of hydrostatic presses, the partially turned over portion of the leather
being so constructed as to have its component particles squeezed or pressed
one over the other.
The second sliding shaper then comes down, and being inside the first, and
consequently somewhat smaller in size, whilst it also embraces a larger portion
of the heel or tread part of the leather, it gives a still more severe bending
over pressure to the leather. The next and any succeeding shapers may then
be brought down for the completion of the necessary bend. The operation
may be performed on any suitable support without the use of a last. A suitable
spring arrangement is also provided for bringing each slide up out of action in
succession. The same system of working is obviously applicable for bending
over the toe portion of the leather.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE 02 DYEING COTTON, FLAX, AND FIBROUS SUBSTANCES AND FABRICS GENERALLY
Year: 1854

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Baptiste Seraphin de Méritens
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th October 1854.
I, JEAN BAPTISTE SERAPHIN DE MERITENS, Gentleman, of Paris, in the
French Empire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE 02 DYEING COTTON, FLAX, AND
FIBROUS SUBSTANCES AND FABRICS GENERALLY," to be as follows:-
My improvements have for object the fixing of all colors upon thread,
cotton, wool, silk, and fibrous substances, and textile fabrics generally, and do
not relate to any new ingredients, but to the following particular methods of
preparing and employing them :-
First, instead of using as many baths as there are different dyeing sub-
stances, I make use of but one single bath containing the whole of such
substances.
Second, I use only water from springs or wells.
Third, the bath contains water and the dyeing ingredients, and is reduced
by one-third by evaporation over a fire.
Fourth, the threads or goods are immersed in the bath in a cold state.
Fifth, after each immersion the threads or goods are dried in the open air
and in the shade.

page_text: Sixth, these immersions and dryings are to be repeated alternately, at least
three or four times, then the threads or goods are to be washed in water, or
in soap and water, to get rid of any excess of dye, and finally they are to be
dried in the sun. This process for fixing the dye upon thread, cotton, and
other goods in a raw or manufactured state is equally applicable to black as
to other colors.
The distinctive features of my Invention, to which I give the name of
"fixed atmospheric dye," consist in uniting all the ingredients in one bath,
the cold immersions, the employment of the water from springs or wells, the
exactness of the proportions of the quantities used, the repeated immersions,
and the drying in the open air and in the shade. The atmosphere acts as a
re-agent to fix the color.
To dye black according to my Invention, take (supposing, for instance, for
a bath of three quarts of well-water,) campeachy wood, two ounces; gall
nuts, two ounces; copperas, one ounce and a half; verdigris, half an ounce.
The whole is to be boiled until the bath has been reduced by evaporation to
about two quarts, .and then allowed to cool. The goods are to be repeatedly
immersed in the bath when cold, and dried in the open air in the shade, and
treated as above explained.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FURNACES WITH A VIEW TO THE PREVENTION OF SMOKE
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Liddiard at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th January 1854.
I, JOSEPH LIDDIARD, of Deptford, in the County of Kent, Architect and
Surveyor, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FURNACES WITH A VIEW TO THE PREVENTION OF
SMOKE" to be as follows:-
Firstly, in giving a curved form or arrangement to the bars forming the
floor or grate of the furnace, so as to obtain an increased supply of air to the
fuel from the ashpit or other opening beneath the said bars or grate.
And, secondly, in the introduction of two or more jets of cold or heated air,
in pairs at a suitable point above the bars or grate, in such manner that each
pair of jets shall be in direct opposition, whereby a forcible mechanical ad-
mixture of the fresh air so admitted with the combustible gases within the
furnace takes place, and perfect or nearly perfect combustion of the said gases
is ensured, and the escape of smoke from the furnace is prevented.