Improvements in and in the Construction of Conduits for the Passage of Liquids.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 20th July, 1889
Complete Specification Left, 21st Apr., 1890-Accepted, 28th June, 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and in the Construction of Conduits for the Passage
of Liquids.
I, EDWIN SYDNEY BARLOW A.M.I.C.E. of Bradford in the County of York, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to improvements in and in the construction of conduits and is
particularly applicable to those conduits which are made of bricks and have a concrete
or other foundation.
At the present time conduits are constructed of various forms a conduit circular in
cross section being the strongest known form but for several reasons this form is in
many cases unsuitable and a form is preferred consisting of three curved sides.
One advantage of this shaped conduit is that when running three-fourths or less full
of water the discharge will be greater than with a circular conduit having the same
perimeter and running the same depth.
A great objection however to a three-sided conduit is its weakness at the junction
of the sides and base.
To obtain the necessary strength it is customary to form the corners at the junction
of the sides and base by means of continuous courses of dressed stone known as skew-
backs and this construction is very expensive.
The object of my invention is to obtain all the advantages of a strong three sided
conduit without the expense entailed by the use of skewbacks.
In constructing a conduit according to my invention I first lay out a diagram or
figure showing the form of the proposed conduit in cross section. I describe an
equilateral triangle of a suitable size and produce the sides any convenient distance.
I then cut off any desired length from one of these produced lines and with the apex
of the triangle as centre and the cut off portion of the line as radius I describe an arc
connecting the two produced intersecting lines and then connect the two remaining
pairs of intersecting lines with similar arcs. I then take the apex or one of the other
points of the triangle for a centre and with a radius equal to one side of the triangle
plus the portion cut off from the produced line I describe an arc connecting two of the
smaller curves together and in this or in an equivalent way obtain a figure formed by
three equal curves united by three smaller equal curves; so that with two forms of
bricks only one with their sides of equal radius to the larger curves and the other to
the smaller curves a strong and perfectly symmetrical form or figure is obtained..
I may modify the construction and still obtain the advantages named by describing
two equilateral triangles the sides of which are parallel with one another and striking
the smaller curves from the intersecting points of the larger triangle and the larger
curves from the intersecting points of the smaller triangles or vice versa.
The bricks could be made of different colour or otherwise marked so that the work-
men could at once see the difference.
Dated this 10th day of Tul 1980

page_text: .
Improvements in and in the Construction of Conduits for the Passage
of Liquids.
I, EDWIN SYDNEY BARLOW A.M.I.C.E. of Bradford in the County of York, do
hereby declare the nature of this said invention and in what manner the same is
to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
My invention relates to improvements in and in the construction of conduits and is
particularly applicable to those conduits which are made of bricks and have a concreto
or other foundation.
At the present time conduits are constructed of various forms a conduit circular in
cross section being the strongest known form but for several reasons this form is in
many cases unsuitable and a form is preferred consisting of three curved sides.
One advantage of this shaped conduit is that when running three-fourths or less full
of water the discharge will be greater than with a circular conduit baving the same
perimeter and running the same depth.
A great objection however to a three-sided conduit is its weakness at the junction
of the sides and base.
To obtain the necessary strength it is customary to form the corners at the junction
of the sides and base by means of continuous courses of dressed stone known as skew-
backs and this construction is very expensive.
The object of my invention is to obtain all the advantages of a strong three-sided
conduit without the expense entailed by the use of skewbacks.
And in order that my invention may be fully understood and readily carried into
effect I bave hereunto annexed a Sheet of Drawings the Figures on which represent
in transverse vertical section three forms of conduits constructed according to my
invention.
In constructing a conduit according to my invention I first lay out a diagram or
figuro showing the form of the proposed conduit in cross section. I, as shown
in Fig. 1, describe an equilateral triangle a, b, c, of a suitable size, and produce the
sides any convenient distance to the points d, e, f, g, h, i. I then cut off any desired
length from one of these produced lines and with the apex a of the triangle as centre
and the cut off portion say the portion a d, of the line as radius I describe an are
say de connecting the two produced intersecting lines and then connect the two
remaining pairs of intersecting lines with similar ares f g and hi. I then take the
apex a or one of the other points of the triangle for a centre and with a radius equal
to one side of the triangle plus the portion say a d, cut off from the produced line I
describe an arc connecting two of the smaller curves together and in this or in an
equivalent way obtain a figure formed by three equal curves e f, gh, i d, united by
three smaller equal curves de, fg, hi, so that with two forms of bricks only one with
their sides of equal radius to the larger curves and the other to the smaller curves a
strong and perfectly symmetrical form or figure is obtained.
The bricks could be made of different colour or otherwise marked so that the work-
men could at once see the difference.
I may modify the construction and still obtain the advantages named as shown
in Fig. 2 by describing two equilateral triangles a b c, k l m, the sides of which are
parallel with one another and striking the smaller curves from the intersecting points
of the larger triangle and the larger curves from the intersecting points of the smaller
triangle or vice versú.
The same advantage as regards using bricks of only two radii is obtained as shown
in Fig. 3 by describing the figure from two equal equilateral triangles a b c, a o p,
respectively whose sides in this case are not parallel to each other.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I.
claim is :-
The herein described improvements in the construction of three sided conduits, said
improvements consisting essentially in dispensing with skewbacks and employing two
forms of bricks only, substantially as set forth.
Dated this 10th don CA 1900
H. B. BARLOW,
17, St. Ann's Square, Manchester, Agent for Applicant.