IMPROVEMENTS IN HARROWS, DRAGS AND CULTIVATORS
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Ogle of Ripley in the county of Derby,
Agricultural Implemont Maker for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
HARROWS, DRAGS AND CULTIVATORS"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Ogle at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th August 1883.
WILLIAM OGLE, of Ripley, in the County of Derby, Agricultural Implement
Maker, "IMPROVEMENTS IN HARROWS, DRAGS AND CULTIVATORS,"
This Invention has for its object the construction of harrows, drags or cultivators
for agricultural purposes and the tines or teeth thereof in a novel improved and
economical manner and whereby the tines or teeth may be more conveniently and
readily fixed or secured to the implement more particularly so as to permit of their
easy removal and replacement when desired.
The tines or teeth of harrows and similar implements have hitherto been
commonly secured to the longitudinal bars or beams and the transverso bars or
bulls forming the framing, by means of holes made at the points of intersection of
the bars, with this objection among others that such holes tend to weaken the
harrow. In another class of harrows the beams and bulls are threaded through
clips and the tines or teeth are formed with a forged headed part, like an inverted
letter Land the whole are secured together by wedges. The objection urged against
this construction is the difficulty of removing a tine or tooth forging and replacing
the same or a new one, by reason of its peculiar shape
This present Invention therefore aims at the removal or obviation of these
objections and difficulties, and in carrying out the Invention according to one
modification of the improved implement there are the usual longitudinal bars or
beams which may be formed of any suitable shape in section but preferably are of
ordinary flat bar-iron or stecl. These beams have secured to them at proper
distances apart metal pieces which are grooved or channelled on their sides to fit
the beams and have each in their centre a vertical rectangular hole to receive the
tine or tooth. The improved tines or teeth are of simple form being merely
Dine 627

page_text: suitable lengths of ordinary flat bar-steel consequently, in the event of breakage
of any teeth, they can readily be replaced by a common blacksmith, no skilled
labour being required for forging, the teeth being fixed into the hole in the cast
iron pieces by wedges keys or set-pins. Instead of the transverse bars or bulls of
ordinary implements, the longitudinal beams are held at the required distance apart
by short bars having their ends bent at right angles which fit into the grooves in
the sides of the tooth holding piece. One principal benefit gained by the fore-
going construction of implements is that all the various parts are of such simple
construction that no more highly skilled labour is required to repair any damage
or wear and tear the machine may undergo than can be obtained in the country
from an ordinary village blacksmith.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said William Ogle in the Patent Office on the 13th February
1884.
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WILLIAM OGLE, of Ripley in the County of Derby, Agricultural Implement
Maker "IMPROVEMENTS IN HARROWS, DRAGS, OR CULTIVATORS'
"
My said Invention has for its object the construction of harrows drags or
cultivators for agricultural purposes and the tines or teeth thereof in a novel
improved and economical manner and whereby the tines or teeth may be more
conveniently and readily fixed or secured to the implement, more particularly so as
to permit of their casy removal and replacement when desired.
The tines or teeth of harrows and similar implements have hitherto been
commonly secured to the longitudinal bars or beams and the transverse bars or
bulls, forming the framing, by means of holes made at the points of intersection of
the bars with this objection among others that such holes tend to weaken tho
harrow. In another class of harrows the beams and bulls are threaded through
clips and the tines or teeth are formed with a forged headed part like an inverted
letter and the whole are secured together by wedges. The objection urged
against this construction is the difficulty of removing a tine or tooth, forging and
replacing the same or substituting a new one by reason of its peculiar shape.
My present Invention therefore aims at the removal or obviation of theso
objections and difficulties, and in carrying out the Invention according to one
modification of the improved implement there are the usual longitudinal bars or
beams which may be formed of any suitable shape in section but preferably are of
ordinary flat bar-iron or steel. These beams have secured to them at proper
distances apart metal pieces which are grooved or chanelled on their sides to fit the
beams and have each in their centre a vertical rectangular hole to receive the tine
or tooth. The improved tines or teeth are of simple form being merely suitable
lengths of ordinary bar-steel, consequently in the event of breakage of any teeth,
they can readily be replaced by a common blacksmith, no skilled labour being
required for forging the teeth being fixed into the hole in the tooth-holding pieces
by wedges, keys, or set pins. Instead of the transverse bars or bulls of ordinary.

page_text: implements the longitudinal beams are held at the required distance apart by short
bars having their ends bent at right angles which fit into the grooves in the sides
of the tooth-holding piece. One principal benefit gained by the foregoing construc-
tion of implements is that all the various parts are of such simple construction that
no more highly skilled labour is required to repair any damage or wear and tear
the machine may undergo than can be obtained in the country from an ordinary
village blacksmith.
And in order that my said Invention and the manner of performing the same
may be properly understood I hereunto append a sheet of explanatory drawings to
be hereinafter referred to and representing my improved implement or parts
thereof. In these drawings the same reference numerals are used to mark the
same or like parts wherever they are repeated.
Figure 1 on the accompanying sheet of drawings is a side elevation and
Figure 2, is a plan on a reduced scale of my improved implement whilst figures 3
and 4 are a plan and elevation respectively showing details full size. In tho
improved harrow shown there are the usual longitudinal bars or beams 6, formed
in a well known manner of ordinary flat bar-iron and each of these beams 6, is
connected to the next one at the angles formed at equal distances along their
lengths by fine short bars 7; of ordinary flat bar iron which take the place of the
transverse bars or bulls of ordinary implements. The transverse bars 7, have a
portion at each of their ends bent at right angles with both ends pointing tho
same way and these bent ends 8, fit into channels or grooves formed for them in
the sides of block pieces 9. These block pieces 9 (best seen in figures 3 and 4)
are formed a little broader than the longitudinal beams 6, and the transverse
bars 7, which fit into a groove or channel formed in each side of the block picce 9,
and the block piece 9, is formed sufficiently long to admit of a rectangular hole
being formed vertically through it of a size sufficient to admit the tine or
tooth 10, and the thin edge of a wedge 11, for fixing it by as well as a transverso
hole for a screw bolt 12, made through its channelled sides at one end and clear of
the vertical hole. The improved tine or tooth 10, is formed of ordinary flat bar-
steel being cut to the usual length out of such a bar of steel and one end being
inserted into the vertical hole in the block piece 9, the tooth is fixed therein by a
small wedge 11. There is a block piece 9, to each transverse bar 7, and the bar 7,
having one of its ends placed in the channel in the side of the block piece, it and
the block pieee 9, are fastened to the first one (on the right hand side looking at
the drawings) or the longitudinal beam 6, which passes through the groove or
channel in the other side of the block piece 9, by one ordinary scrow bolt 12,
and nut. The other or inner end of the bar 7 is fastened to the next longitudinal
beam 6, by a screw bolt and nut 12, which passes through another block piece 9,
and one end of a transverse bar 7, similarly as just described with reference to
the first longitudinal beam. The second longitudinal beam 6, is likewise connected
to the third beam 6 which is again connected to the last or fourth beam 6, of the
series but in this case the beam 6 is placed on the opposite side of the block piece 9,
to which the other beams are placed and the last set of transverse bars (on tho
left hand side looking at the drawings) have both of the ends of each placed in
the chanelled sides of the block pieces 9 at each end and consequently have two
block pieces 9, to them. The two remaining sections of the harrow are similarly
put together and the usual swingle trees are provided for harnessing the horses to.
In some cases the longitudinal beams 6, and the short transverse bars 7, may be
formed out of H section iron and in this case the block pieces 0, will be formed
without the channels or grooves in their sides and of a size to fit between the
flanges of the beams 6, and bars 7. It may also in some cases be desirable to form
a collar on the tine or tooth near its upper end so that when placed in the block
piece 9, the weight of the harrow will cause the collar of the tine to bear against
the block piece 9 and so prevent any chance of slipping. Or a notch or notches
may be formed near the head of the tooth to prevent slipping if found desirable
and in this case the hole for the screw bolt 12, may be made nearer the hole for

page_text: the tooth so that the notch may catch on the screw bolt when fixed in position by
the wedge.
By the foregoing construction of harrows and similar implements a broken or
defective tine or tooth may be easily and readily removed and replaced or a new
one substituted without loosening the frame of the implement this being an
important advantage possessed by my improved implement over other implements
as commonly constructed up to the present time on which the tines or teeth are
the chief means for securing the beams and bulls forming the framing together.
Another important advantage gained by my invention is that the harrow being
built up of a number of independent transverse bars of simple construction any
defective or damaged bars can be readily removed, repaired or new ones made and
replaced by an ordinary blacksmith..
Having now particularly described my said Invention and the manner of
performing the same I have to state that I do not restrict myself to the precise
details herein described or delineated but that what I consider to be novel and
..original and claim as the Invention. secured. to me by and in terms of the
herein before in part recited Letters Patent is :-
Firstly-The improved construction and arrangement of harrows and similar
implements substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accom-
panying drawings
Secondly-The forming of the tines or teeth of harrows and similar-implements
out of bar-iron or steel of Bat square or other simple section and securing the same
in and by the block- pieces 9, by-wedges screws or set pins substantially as
bereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Witness
LOCK MOORE. – –
Patent. Agent
Nottingham
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