MACHINERY FOR MAKING METALLIC NUTS
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Philippe Koch, of New Haven, in the State of
Connecticut, United States of North America, Machinist, for the
Invention of "MACHINERY FOR MAKING METALLIC NUTS."
Sealed the 21st August 1868, and dated the 7th March 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Philippe Koch at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 7th March 1868.
I, PHILIPPE KOCH, of New Haven, in the State of Connecticut,
United States of North America, Machinist, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "MACHINERY FOR MAKING METALLIC NUTS,'
to be as follows:→
The object of my Invention is to make forged iron nuts of all the
different sizes used in the various arts and manufactures, and to finish
them uniformly in the most perfect manner and with the greatest
facility.
My improved machine is provided with a stout framework of cast and
wrought iron firmly braced and secured together and resting at the ends

page_text: on four supports or legs.
Of this framework the principal parts are
two longitudinal side pieces which extend the whole length of the
machine and furnish the bearings for all the shafts of the different
portions of the working mechanism lying between them. The length
of the machine must be such as to give room for all the working parts,
while its width may be as great as desired according to the number of
nuts made in one revolution, no more working mechanism being required
to forge fifty than five nuts in the same time, unless it be the dies and
spindles for manipulating the same. At the middle of the machine
and extending across from side to side is secured a straight bar of steel
which serves as a rest or support for the heated bar of iron as it comes
from the furnace. Being placed on its edge the heated bar is cut up
by two series of cutting dies and punches which are arranged on each
side and operate in such a manner that they alternately form dies
and punches, thus working together so as to cut up the bar without
any waste.
On the face of each die a round hole is drilled to form a
matrix and receive the punch from the opposite side, so as to make
the holes in the nuts at the same time they are punched, there
being an opening below in each die to permit the scraps to pass
through. These punches and dies are fitted to and secured in mova-
ble frames, which are worked forwards and together by cams upon
main driving shafts at the ends of the machine. The withdrawing
movement is effected by a rocking shaft and its connections with the
cams on the main shafts in such a manner that the cutting dies and
punches are separated as soon as the nuts are removed from between
them, the round punches being brought over; the same operation is
repeated on a newly heated bar. The nuts after being cut and
punched are retained on the round punches in the spaces between the
die punches, which are made narrower at the back of their faces to
permit the nuts to be lifted out, and these punches on which the nuts
are retained being connected with a semi-rotating shaft are at the
proper instant lifted out of the spaces between the cutting dies and
transferred to the crowning die bars, where they are received on spindles
and held between the said bars and movable compressing bars while
they are hammered.
The round punches are then returned to their
former position by the backward semi-rotation of the shaft to which they
are secured.
The semi-rotating shafts are operated by means of cords
or chains which pass over guide pullies and are connected to one end
of horizontal rods. The other end of each rod is provided with a chain

page_text: which is attached to a roller. The said rollers are caused by cams and
levers to rock or vibrate and communicate the required motion in each
direction to the semi-rotating shafts. In the faces of the crowning
dies and opposite to the spindles on which the nuts are held are concave
recesses into which the nuts are forced by the operation of certain cams
and levers and there partly shaped. The spindles are secured to a
movable frame and provided with pinions which are operated by a series
of racks and levers in such a manner that the nuts may be turned one-
fourth over right and left, while the edges are being compressed or
hammered. There are two series of hammers, an upper and lower, at
each end of the machine, and these hammers work together with the
nuts between them. The said hammers are operated by means of
rocking shafts which are caused to vibrate by a cogged wheel on a
central shaft geared with the main shafts of the machine and by springs
attached to the said hammers. These upper and lower hammers are
so arranged that they strike the upper and lower edges of the nuts at
the same instant, the nuts being turned over one-fourth between the
blows, and being thereby finished in the most perfect manner. The
under hammers are so arranged that as soon as the nuts are complete
they are drawn towards the ends of the machine a little distance by
suitable springs, and the nuts are discharged from the spindles by the
frame to which the said spindles are attached, the nuts being caused to
slide backward a little by means of springs and connecting rods under
the ends of the machine. In order to keep the heated bar in its proper
position on the rest bar I make use of a follower which is caused to
descend upon the said bar and hold it firmly until the cutting is
performed. The follower is caused to descend by means of a pin on a
toothed wheel, which is geared into wheels on the main shafts.
pin is arranged to come in contact with a lever on the end of the
rocking shaft from which the follower is suspended. The follower is
then raised by a spring so that it will not be in the way of succeeding
bars.
This
All these several operations are brought about by the harmonious
action of suitable mechanism connected with the main driving shafts at
the ends of the machine, which shafts carry the cams and toothed wheels.
Every part of the mechanism thus performs its work automatically and
at the right instant.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Philippe Koch in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 5th September 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, PHILIPPE
KOCH, of New Haven, in the State of Connecticut, United States of t
North America, Machinist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her. most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of March, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the
thirty-first year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Philippe Koch, Her special licence,
that I, the said Philippe Koch, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Philippe Koch, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with and no others,
from time to time, and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention of "MACHINERY FOR MAKING
METALLIC NUTS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Philippe Koch, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Philippe Koch, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
Plate I., Figure 1, represents a plan or top view of the machine.
shewing the double-acting working parts right and left; Plate II.,
Figure 2, represents a longitudinal side elevation of the machine;
Plate III., Figure 3, represents a longitudinal section through the machine;
Figure 4 shows a detached view of a cross section on the red line (x, x),
Figure 3; and Figure 5 shows a cross section on the red line (y, y),
Figure 3, with the crowning dies which form the faces of the forged
nuts.

page_text: In
In constructing my improved machine for making forged nuts I
use the best quality of iron and steel. I make the longitudinal side
pieces of the frame A, A, from one pattern and of cast iron; these
pieces are supported at the ends on four legs B, B, of a suitable height.
The width of the machine may be varied according to the number of
dies to be used and the capacity for operating them, so that any number
of nuts from twelve to forty-eight or more can be made and completed
at the same time. The side pieces of the frame A, A, may be connected
and secured together by bolts or cross bars in any suitable manner.
the centre of the side pieces A, A, are spaces A', A', sunk below the
plane of the top of the frame, on which is secured a straight bar of
steel a which extends across the machine to form a rest or support
for the heated bar of iron from which the nuts are to be cut, punched,
and forged. On both sides of the rest bar a are movable frames C, C,
in which are fitted and secured by screws a series of cutting
dies c, c, c, they being so arranged in relation to each other and
their movements right and left that they alternately form dies and
punches, thereby cutting the bar clean without waste; each of the
dies c, c, c, having a round hole in the centre of its face forms the
matrix into which the punches d, d, d, enter as they punch the round
holes in the centre of the nuts, which is done at the same time that the
nuts are cut from the bar, there being an opening e on the under side of
each of the dies c, c, c, to let the scraps fall out. The nuts as they are
cut from the bar of heated iron and punched through the centre are
retained on the round punches d, d, d, then in the spaces between
the die punches c, c, c, which are narrowed back of the cutting faces
so that the nuts are free to be lifted out of their places by the action
of the semi-rotating bars E, E, to which the punches d, d, d, are
attached, so that the nuts are carried over on the punches and are placed
in position on the crowning die bars F, F, to be taken off on the
spindles f, ff, where they are held and turned for compressing,
hammering, and finishing. The frames C, C, to which the punching
dies c, c, c, and semi-rotating bars E, E, are secured to operate are
provided with long guide bars D, D, fitted into the edges of the
frame A, A, and are worked by the cams g, g, between the double
bearings of the journals on the main shafts H, H, which are placed at
both ends of the machine where the power for cutting and punching the
nuts is applied to the guide bars D, D, by the cams 9, 9, the with-
drawing movement being effected by the rock shaft I and cam h on

page_text: the outside of the frame, the motion being communicated by a coupling
shaft or rod connecting with the hub I' of the rock shaft I and with
a hub. I on the outside of a similar shaft I³ at the other end, in such
a manner as to reverse the motion of the shaft I. On the inside of
the sides of the frame A, A, are fitted two other sliding frames K, K,
having guide bars k, k, the same being operated by the projec-
tions e, made on the cams 9, 9, on the main shafts H, H. These
motions are for the purpose of compressing the nuts into the concave
recesses i, i, i, of the crowning dies F, F, to round the corners and finish
the faces of the nuts, and also to discharge them from the spindles ƒ, f,f,
when completed. Between the longitudinal side pieces of the
frame A, A, are fitted other sliding frames M, M, on which is mounted
the series of spindles fff, they being provided with pinions m, m, m,
and racks L, L, the same being operated by levers N, N, and side
movement cams n, n, on the central portions of the main shafts H, H,
so that the nuts will be turned one-fourth over right and left as the
edges are being compressed or hammered for finishing, the sliding
frames M, M, being operated by cams Q, Q, on the shafts H, H, and
drawn back by the steel springs o, o, .and connecting rods q, q
underneath at the end of the frame. Under the rods q, q, are placed
other rods P, P, which connect the springs o, o, with the vertical
lifting bars r, r, to which the under hammers R', R', for compressing
or hammering the edges of the nuts are attached. The under
hammers R', R', are so arranged that they are moved into the proper
position for operating on the lower edges of the nuts by a notch in
the under side of the frame K, and are held by the helical spring b¹
until they are drawn back by the action of the springs o, o, so as to
permit the nuts to be discharged when finished, the upper edges of
the nuts being compressed or hammered at the time the under hammers
are operating. The upper hammers R, R, which are held up by the
springs h¹, h', in position and operated by the vertical sliding bars r, r,
are so connected with the rock shafts S, S, that when put in motion by
the levers and the cogs t, t, t, on the periphery of the wheel T, the
compression or force of the blows is applied to the top and bottom
edges of the nuts at the same instant as they are being alternatly
turned (automatically) right and left between each blow until finished.
The spindles f, f, f, receive them from the punches d, d, d, when they
are cut and brought over and placed in the crowning die bars F, F,
which are made to slide up so that the concave recesses i, i, i, are

page_text: centrally with the nuts. These movements are effected by the horizontal
levers u, u, on the rock shafts U, U', operated by the cam V on the
opposite side of the machine, the reverse motion being communicated
to the rock shaft U¹ by the connecting rod u, and the aid of the inclined
springs v, v, on the vertical guide bars a¹ of of the crowning dies F, F.
The automatic movement given to the semi-rotating shafts E, E, in
which the series of round punches d, d, d, are secured for carrying over
and reversing the face side of the nuts after they are cut out by the
die punches c, c, c, and placing them in position to be hammered and
finished in the manner above described is effected by wire cords or
chains W, W, which are attached to the semi-rotating shafts E, E, so
as to operate them in reverse directions, the chains W, W, passing down
under pullies W, W, where they are connected to a horizontal rod x,
and a chain y, which is attached to a roller X, to which is secured
another chain and link y', which has a friction roller z at the upper end,
and is operated by the cam z¹ on the right-hand end of the outside of
the machine. The motions of the shafts E, E, are reversed and the
punches d, d, d, placed in the proper position for action by the
chains W, W, shown in red lines at Fig. 2, which connect with the
roller X and a lever Y¹ and a similar cam z¹ on the other side of the
right-hand end of the machine. To hold the bar of iron from which
the nuts are cut firmly upon the rest bar a I arrange a follower J, J,
suspended from the arms j, j, of the rock shaft K³, so that it is not
in the way of placing the heated bar in the machine between the faces
of the cutting dies c, c, c, and punches d, d, d. In operating, the
heated bar of iron is placed on the rest bar a, the first movement of the
machine is to bring the edge of the follower J, J, on to the bar by
the action of levers on the end of the rock shaft K², which is brought
in contact with the pin on the inside of the central spur gear wheel 1,
into which other gear wheels 2, 3, connect, which are secured to the
main driving shafts H, H, at both ends of the machine, and produce
the harmonious automatic movements right and left of the entire
machine. The slides D, D, and k, k, which are fitted into the
longitudinal side pieces A, A, of the frame I cover with caps A³, A³, 80
that no extraneous matter may get in to obstruct the working of the
machine.
It will readily be seen that with my machine for manufacturing
forged nuts, as above described any number of cutting dies and punches
may be used according to the size of the nuts, the thickness of the

page_text: metal used for them, and the width and capacity of the machine,
which does not require any more cams or other movements to forge
fifty nuts at a time than it would to make five in the same time.
I claim the employment of two series of cutting dies c, c, c, secured
to movable frames C, C, and slides D, D, so as to operate together in
the manner substantially as described.
I claim the combination of the two series of cutting dies with the
corresponding series of punches d, d, and the semi-rotating shafts E, E,
as arranged with any suitable means for rotating said shafts for the
purposes specified.
I claim the combination of the series of punches d, d, d, with the
series of spindles ff.f, and the means herein described for transferring
the nuts from the punches to the spindles.
I claim the movable crowning die plates F, F, with recesses in their
upper edges for the reception of the punches d, d, d, by which the nuts
are placed in the crowning dies i, i, i, to be manipulated and finished as
herein specified.
I claim the movable frames M, M, for mounting the spindles ff.f
which are operated by pinions m, m, rack bars L, L, levers N, N,
and cams n, n, for turning the nuts between the crowning dies and
compressing bars K and the hammers R, R', substantially as herein
set forth.
I claim the arrangement of the hammers R, R¹, so as to be operated
by the rock shafts S, S, and cogs t, t, t, on the wheel T in combination
with the compressing bars K, K, and die plates F, F, for manipulating
and finishing forged nuts as herein described.
I claim the arrangement of the connecting bars or rods 1, 1, and u,
placed on both sides of the frame, they being so attached to the hubs
of the rock shafts I, I, and U, U, as to reverse their motion.
I claim the wire cords or chains W, W, as arranged and combined;
with the rollers X, X', levers Y, Y¹, cams Z, Z', for operating
the semi-rotating shafts E, E, alternately right and left in the manner
specified.
I claim the follower J suspended on arms j, j, of the rock shaft K³,
and the means provided for causing the said follower to descend upon
and hold the bar of iron from which the nuts are cut firmly upon the
rest bar a, substantially as herein described.

page_text: I claim the arrangement and combination of the spur gear wheels
1, 2, and 3 with the main cam shafts H, H, placed on both ends of the
machine which gives the required power and motion to all the working
mechanism for cutting, punching, and forging nuts, substantially in the
manner herein set forth.
I claim the arrangement and combination of the spur gear wheels
1, 2, and 3 with the main cam shafts H, H, placed on both ends of the
machine which gives the required power and motion to all the working
mechanism for cutting, punching, and forging nuts, substantially in the
manner herein set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Philippe Koch, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-third day of January, in
mechanism for cutting, punching, and forging nuts, substantially in the
manner herein set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Philippe Koch, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-third day of January, in
the year of our Lord 1868.
In witness whereof, I, the said Philippe Koch, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-third day of January, in
the year of our Lord 1868.
PHILIPPE KOCH. (L.S.)
Witnesses,
JEROME BLAKSLEE WOODRUFF,
EDMUND WHITING WOODruff,
Patent Agents, Mechanical Engineers, & Experts.