IMPROVEMENTS IN WATERPROOF COATS, CAPES, CLOAKS, AND LEGGINGS
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Broadhurst, of the Firm of Broadhurst
and Company, of the City of Manchester, India-rubber Manu-
facturers, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATERPROOF COATS,
CAPES, CLOAKS, AND LEGGINGS."
.
Sealed the 1st February 1870, and dated the 4th August 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Broadhurst at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th August 1869.
I, GEORGE BROADHURST, of the Firm of Broadhurst and Company,
of the City of Manchester, India-rubber Manufacturers, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER-
PROOF COATS, CAPES, CLOAKS, AND LEGGINGS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
waterproof coats, capes, cloaks, and leggings to allow for ventilation
through such garments, and thus to obviate the usual inconvenience
felt by the wearer in consequence of the perspiration not being able to
escape.

page_text: As applied to sleeved coats, capes, and cloaks this Invention consists
in forming the sleeves of such garments double or in two pieces joined
together near the shoulders, the upper portion of such sleeve (which might
be called a short independant sleeve) being made a little wider than the
lower portion so as to project over or to overhang such lower portion or
to allow such lower portion to enter it for a short distance and be affixed
in that position, thius leaving an annular space almost completely round
the sleeves near the shoulders, viz., between the upper and lower portions,
for the admission of a current of air and yet capable of excluding rain
or moisture. Upon this principle openings or slits may be formed
transversely or obliquely across the back of coats, capes, or cloaks; and
leggings may be manufactured in precisely the same manner as the
sleeves herein-before described.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said George Broadhurst in the Great Seal Patent Office.
on the 4th February 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
BROADHURST, of the Firm of Broadhurst and Company, of the City of
Manchester, India-rubber Manufacturers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Gracious Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of August, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-
second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said George Broadhurst, Her special licence
that I, the said George Broadhurst, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said George Broadhurst, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATERPROOF
COATS, CAPES, CLOAKS, AND LEGGINGS," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said George Broadhurst, my executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the

page_text: said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Broadhurst, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
waterproof coats, capes, cloaks, and leggings to allow for ventilation
through such garments, and thus to obviate the usual inconvenience felt
by the wearer in consequence of the perspiration not being able to
escape.
As applied to sleeved coats, capes, and cloaks this Invention consists
in forming the sleeves of such garments double or in two pieces joined
together near the shoulders, the upper portion of such sleeve (which
might be called a short independant sleeve being made a little wider
than the lower portion so as to project over or to overhang such lower
portion, or to allow such lower portion to enter it for a short distance
and be affixed in that position, thus leaving an annular space almost
completely round the sleeves near the shoulders, viz., between the upper
and lower portions, for the admission of a currant of air and yet capable
of excluding rain or moisture. Upon this principle openings or slits
may be formed transversely or obliquely across the back of coats, capes,
or cloaks; and leggings may be manufactured in precisely the same
manner as the sleeves herein-before mentioned.
In order that this my said Invention may be the more readily seen
and understood I have hereunto annexed a Sheet of Drawings illustrating
the application of my improvements to waterproof coats and leggings.
Similar letters marked on the several Figures are used to denote similar
parts in all the views.
Fig. 1 is a back view of a figure wearing a waterproof coat and
leggings to which my improvements are applied; Fig. 2 is a front view
of the coat seen in Fig. 1; and Fig. 3 represents a back view of the
5 same coat, but with a portion of one sleeve removed to shew how the
inner sleeve is secured to the coat as herein-after described.

page_text: In all the views the back of the coat is made as illustrated in two
pieces A and B, the lower piece B extending up inside the upper piece A
to the dotted lines, where it is held in position by being attached to a
piece of woven open fabric or to strips placed at intervals so as to allow
a free passage for air through such fabric or between such strips, or it
may be stitched or cemented to the lining or held up in any other con
venient manner that will allow of a free passage for air between the
fastenings. The upper piece A may be considered as forming an inde
pendant cape which overhangs the lower portion B for (say) 4 or 5 inches,
being made a little wider than B, so as to leave a space between them.
A passage is thus formed between A and B for the admission of air for
ventilation, but the entrance of wet or rain is entirely prevented by the
upper portion A overhanging the lower. Upon this principle the back,
front, or sides of a waterproof coat, cape, or cloak may be divided into
several pieces, with a ventilating passage between each, and instead of
the divisions being straight across the back, as illustrated, they may be
arranged diagonally, obliquely, or in any ornamental course across the
garment, provided that the overhanging flap sufficiently covers the
openings for the admission of air to exclude the rain or wet. The sleeves
of the coat consist of two portions, an outer short sleeve C and a long
inner sleeve D, which latter extends up inside the outer sleeve C for a
short distance, and is there attached near the shoulders to a piece of
woven open fabric E (seen in Fig. 3), which allows the admission of air
through it and yet prevents the wearer getting his hand between the
two sleeves in putting on the coat. An opening is thus formed either
partially or entirely round the sleeves near the shoulder for ventilation,
the air gaining admission between the two sleeves, and the entrance of
rain or wet being prevented by the overhanging portion of the outer
short sleeve C.
The leggings seen in Fig. 1 are made on precisely the same principle
as the sleeves of the coat, viz., in two portions, one marked F overhanging,
the other marked G, the two being joined together inside by being
attached to a piece of woven open fabric or to strips placed at intervals
or in any other convenient manner that will allow free passage for
ventilation.
Having thus particularly described and ascertained the nature of this
my said Invention, together with the best methods with which I am

page_text: acquainted for carrying the same into practical effect, I wish it to be
understood that I claim, the method of ventilating waterproof garments,
substantially as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Broadhurst, have hereunto.
set my hand and affixed my seal, this Third day of February,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
seventy.
Witness,
JOHN G. WILSON,
Patent Office,
71, Market St.,
Manchester.
GEORGE BROADHURST. (L.S.)