Improvements in and in Machinery or Apparatus for the Manufacture of Earthenware Pipes or Tubes of Circular Transverse Section.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd Dec., 1990
Complete Specification Left, 22nd Sept., 1891-Accepted, 21st Nov., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and in Machinery or Apparatus for the
Manufacture of Earthenware Pipes or Tubes of Circular
Transverse Section.
I, FRANÇOIS JOSEPH QUERY of Montgesoye, Doubs, France, Engineer do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to the manufacture of earthenware pipes or tubes of circular
transverse section and consists in improvements in such manufacture and in
machinery or apparatus by means of which the said improvements in the manu-
facture may readily be carried into effect.
Hitherto earthenware pipes or tubes of circular transverse section have been
chiefly made in three modes, namely by being pressed by means of pistons worked
by means of suitable gearing or by steam cylinders through a die or mould of
suitable form, by being formed upon a "wheel" somewhat as in the manufacture of
many kinds of pottery and by being moulded in moulds formed of plaster, and
pipes or tubes made in any of these modes are frequently found to be defective in
one way or another the defects becoming apparent to some extent in the drying of
the pipes or tubes prior to the "burning or "firing" of such pipes or tubes and
to a greater extent in the operation of "burning" or firing."
The first part of my invention consists in improvements in the manufacture of
earthenware pipes or tubes of circular transverse section by means of which
improvements I am enabled firstly to give to the pipes or tubes.immediately after
they have been formed by being pressed through a die or mould or otherwise the
precise form which they are required to have when the manufacture of such pipes
or tubes is completed, secondly to compress the material of which the pipes or tubes
are formed to a greater extent than has hitherto been possible and so produce
pipes or tubes which are more solid and more impermeable than pipes or tubes as
hitherto made, thirdly to remove any tendency to warping or malformation or
collapse which may be present in the pipes or tubes when first formed or moulded,
fourthly to dry the pipes or tubes immediately after their formation to such an
extent that they may without suffering any injury be rapidly dried in a drying
chamber or drying room, and fifthly to render the manufacture of such pipes or tubes
more rapid more perfect and less expensive than it has hitherto been.
or
According to this part of my invention I take pipes or tubes formed in any
manner whether by being forced through dies or moulds, by being "thrown"
built up upon a 66 wheel or by being moulded and place each of such pipes or tubes
in a mould of a form suitable for giving to the exterior of the pipe or tube to be
operated upon therein the form which such pipe or tube is required to have
when the manufacture thereof is completed, and then force into or place, in the
interior of such pipe or tube a mandrel or core which is caused to rotate while or
after being forced into or placed in the interior of the pipe or tube to be operated
upon. The said mandrel or core by being forced into or pressed against the inner
surface of the pipe or tube being operated upon causes the material of which such
pipe or tube is formed to be forced into close contact with and correspondence to the
form of the mould in which it is placed and compresses such material so as to
render it more solid and dense and also render it drier in consequence of the
expulsion of much of the liquid previously contained in such material. After the
mandrel or core has been withdrawn or removed from the interior of the pipe or
tube operated upon such pipe or tube is removed from the mould in which it was
placed and may then be placed at once in a drying room or drying chamber in
which it may be rapidly dried so as to become fit for being fired
or." burnt."
25

page_text: A further part of my invention consists in arrangements of machinery or apparatus
by which I am enabled to readily carry into effect the above described improve
ments in the manufacture of earthenware pipes or tubes of circular transverse section.
According to this part of my invention I provide a mould of suitable form
arranged so that the pipe or tube to be operated upon may readily be placed therein
and removed therefrom and also provide a mandrel or core which may when
required be caused to revolve. The said mould is so formed that it will during the
operation to which the pipe or tube is subjected while contained in such-mould, give
to the exterior of such pipe or tube the precise form which is required to be
presented when the manufacture of the said pipe or tube is completed. The mould
above mentioned or the mandrel or core above referred to or both of them I so
arrange as to be capable of being moved to and fro by suitable means in the
direction of the axis of the pipe or tube contained in the said mould. The pipe or
tube to be operated upon which may have been formed by any of the methods
hitherto customary or in any other manner is placed in the mould aforesaid which
is then "closed" and secured in any suitable manner against being "opened" by
pressure exerted in the interior thereof. The mandrel or core above mentioned is
then caused to revolve and the mould is caused to move towards the mandrel or core
or the mandrel or core is caused to advance towards the mould or each is caused to
advance towards the other; until the mandrel or core has been inserted to the
furthest extremity of the pipe or tube aforesaid. The forcing of the mandrel or
core into the interior of the pipe or tube and the revolution of such mandrel or core
causes the material of which the pipe or tube is formed to be pressed into close
contact with the interior of the mould and to be compressed so as to be rendered
drier and more solid and dense. After the pipe or tube has been operated upon to
the required extent the mould or mandrel or core or both of them are caused to
-move so that the mandrel or core will be withdrawn from the interior of the pipe or
tube which is then removed from the mould and may be placed in a drying chamber
or drying room and if it be desired quickly dried and rendered fit for being "burnt"
or fired."
A further part of my invention also consists in arrangements of machinery-or-
apparatus by which I am enabled to readily carry into effect the above described
improvements in the manufacture of earthenware pipes or tubes of circular transverse
section.
According to this part of my invention I provide a mandrel or core capable of
revolving around its own axis and of having such axis revolved about the axis of a
mould adapted to contain and impart the required form to the pipe or tube to-be-
operated upon. The said mandrel or core is mounted upon a shaft or axle or in
suitable bearings mounted or formed in parts mounted on suitable shafts or axles.
The parts by which the mandrel or core is supported are provided with means by
which the said mandrel or core may be made excentric to the required extent in
regard to the axis around which such parts revolve and the said mandrel or core is
so arranged or capable of being turned that the pipe or tube to be operated upon
may after being formed by any of the methods hitherto customary or in any other
manner be placed upon such mandrel or core, and that the said mandrel or core with
the said pipe or tube placed thereon may be placed in or turned into position in the
mould above mentioned which is then closed or secured against being opened by
pressure exerted in its interior. The mandrel or core is then placed excentric to
the required extent in regard to the axis of the mould and is caused-to-rotate. The
mandrel or core rolling around the interior of the pipe or tube contained in the
mould will compress and render drier, more solid and more compact the material of
which such pipe or tube is formed and also cause the interior of such pipe to be
made of a form corresponding to that of the exterior surface of the mandrel or core
and cause the exterior of such pipe or tube to be made of a form corresponding
with the interior of the mould aforesaid. When the operation has been continued
for the required time the revolution of the mandrel or core is arrested and the
mould is "opened" and the pipe or tube may then be removed from the mandrel or

page_text: core and if need be rapidly dried in a drying chamber or drying room so as to be
rendered fit for being "burnt" or "fired."
-
By the improvements in the manufacture and by the machinery or apparatus
hereinbefore described it is possible to form earthenware tubes or pipes of any forms
which are circular in transverse section.
Dated this Twentieth day of December 1890.
W. T. CHEETHAM,
Manchester, Agent to the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and in Machinery or Apparatus for the
Manufacture of Earthenware Pipes or Tubes of Circular
Transverse Section.
I, FRANÇOIS JOSEPH QUERY of Montgesoye, Doubs France, Engineer do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
My invention relates to the manufacture of earthenware pipes or tubes of
circular transverse section and consists in improvements in such manufacture and
in machinery or apparatus by means of which the said improvements in the
manufacture may readily be carried into effect.
'
Hitherto earthenware pipes or tubes of circular transverse section have been
chiefly made in three modes, namely by being pressed by means of pistons worked
by means of suitable gearing or by steam cylinders through a die or mould of
suitable form, by being formed upon a "wheel" somewhat as in the manufacture
of many kinds of pottery and by being moulded in moulds formed of plaster, and
pipes or tubes made in any of these modes are frequently found to be defective in
one way or another the defects becoming apparent to some extent in the drying
of the pipes or tubes prior to the "burning" or "firing" of such pipes or tubes
and to a greater extent in the operation of "burning" or firing."
CC
The first part of my invention consists in improvements in the manufacture of
earthenware pipes or tubes of circular transverse section by means of which
improvements I am enabled firstly to give to the pipes or tubes immediately after
they have been formed by being pressed through a die or mould or otherwise the
precise form which they are required to have when the manufacture of such pipes
or tubes is completed, secondly to compress the material of which the pipes or
tubes are formed to a greater extent than has hitherto been possible and so produce
pipes or tubes which are more solid and more impermeable than pipes or tubes
as hitherto made, thirdly to remove any tendency to warping or malformation or
collapse which may be present in the pipes or tubes when first formed or moulded,
fourthly to dry the pipes or tubes immediately after their formation to such an
extent that they may without suffering any injury be rapidly dried in a drying
chamber or drying room, and fifthly to render the manufacture of such pipes or
tubes more rapid, more perfect and less expensive than it has hitherto heen.
According to this part of my invention I take pipes or tubes formed in any
manner whether by being forced through dies or moulds, by being "thrown" or
built up upon a
wheel
or by being moulded and place each of such pipes or
tubes in a mould of a form suitable for giving to the exterior of the pipe or tube
to be operated upon therein the form which such pipe or tube is required to have
when the manufacture thereof is completed, and then force into or place, in the
interior of such pipe or tube a mandrel or core which is caused to rotate while
or after being forced into or placed in the interior of the pipe or tube to be
operated upon. The said mandrel or core by being forced into or pressed again't
the inner surface of the pipe or tube being operated upon causes the material of
which such pipe or tube is formed to be forced into close contact with and

page_text: correspondence to the form of the mould in which it is placed and compresses such
material so as to render it more solid and dense and also render it drier in
consequence of the expulsion of much of the liquid previously contained in such
material. After the mandrel or core has been withdrawn or removed from the
interior of the pipe or tube operated upon, such pipe or tube is removed from the
mould in which it was placed and may then be placed at once in a drying room or
drying chamber in which it may be rapidly dried so as to become fit for being.
"fired or "burnt."
A further part of my invention consists in arrangements of machinery or
apparatus by which I am enabled to readily carry into effect the above described
improvements in the manufacture of carthenware pipes or tubes of circular
transverse section.
#
According to this part of my invention I provide a mould of suitable form
arranged so that the pipe or tube to be operated upon may readily be placed
therein and removed therefrom and also provide a mandrel or core which may
when required be caused to revolve. The said mould is so formed that it will
during the operation to which the pipe or tube is subjected while contained in
such mould, give to the exterior of such pipe or tube the precise form which is
required to be presented when the manufacture of the said pipe or tube is
completed. The mould above-mentioned-or the mandrel_or_core above referred
to or both of them I so arrange as to be capable of being moved to and fro by
suitable means in the direction of the axis of the pipe or tube contained in the
said mould. The pipe or tube to be operated upon which may have been formed
by any of the methods hitherto customary or in any other manner is placed in
the mould aforesaid which is then "closed" and secured in any suitable manner
against being opened" by pressure exerted in the interior thereof. The mandrel
or core above mentioned is then caused to revolve and the mould is caused to move
towards the mandrel or core or the mandrel-or-core-is caused to advance towards
the mould or each is caused to advance towards the other; until the mandrel or
-core-has-been-inserted to the furthest extremity of the pipe or tube aforesaid.
The forcing of-the-mandrel-or-core-into_the_interior of the pipe or tube and the
revolution of such mandrel or core causes the material of which the pipe or tube
is formed to be pressed into close contact with the interior of the mould and to be
compressed so as to be rendered drier and more solid and dense. After the pipe
or tube has been operated upon to the required extent the mould or mandrel or
core or both of them are caused to move so that the mandrel or core will be
withdrawn from the interior of the pipe or tube which is then removed from the
mould and may be placed in a drying chamber or drying room and if it be desired
quickly dried and rendered fit for being "burnt" or fired."
Figs. 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawing, in both of which figures the same
letters of reference are applied to corresponding parts, illustrate a machine
constructed in accordance with this part of my invention. Fig. 1 is a side elevation
partly in longitudinal section of the said machine and Fig. 2 is a transverse
section taken on a plane passing through the mould with which such machine is
provided.
The mould employed in the machine illustrated by Figs. 1 and 2 of the accom-
panying drawing is composed of two parts C, C' of which the part C is fixed to a
carriage K K mounted and capable of being moved longitudinally upon a bed B B¹
while the part-Cis-connected to the part C by suitable hinges so that the pipes
or tubes to be operated upon in the said mould may be placed in such mould and so
that the pipes or tubes operated upon in such mould may be removed therefrom.
The bed B B is supported upon a foundation of any suitable character and the
carriage K K is moved when required upon such bed B B by means of a handle M
which is mounted upon a shaft upon which is mounted a toothed wheel R gearing
into or engaging with a rack 6 formed or secured on the lower surface of the
carriage KK. The carriage K K' may be moved upon the bed B B from the
position in which such carriage K K is indicated in Fig. 1 to the position in which

page_text: the end K¹ of such carriage K K is at the point indicated by the letter 1. In the
same straight line as the axis of the mould mounted upon the carriage K K' is a
mandrel or core N N' of which the part P is screwed or otherwise mounted upon
a spindle provided. with a pulley p and supported in suitable bearings mounted
upon the bed B B'. The portion of the mandrel or core N N¹ which is indicated
between the lines Y Y and Z Z is made of a form corresponding to the interior
form of the pipes or tubes to be produced being provided at one end with a part X
corresponding to the interior surface of the flange to be formed upon each of the
pipes or tubes to be operated upon and being made cylindrical throughout the
remainder of its length. The remaining portion of the said mandrel or core N N¹
which is included between the line YY and the line W W and may be about
sixty centimetres or two feet in length is formed as a truncated cone which may
be terminated by a hemispherical portion or a portion of any other suitable form.
The difference in radius between the larger part and the smaller part of the conical
portion of the mandrel or core N N' corresponds to the extent to which the walls
of the pipes or tubes placed in the mould above referred to are to be compressed
by the operation of the mandrel or core N N' in conjunction with the said
mould.
When the machine illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawing is
in use a pipe or tube formed by means of a press or in any other manner is placed
in the mould above described as soon as or soon after it has been formed and in
such mould occupies the space marked E E' and the part C₁ of the said mould is
closed or turned so as to rest upon the part C of such mould and is secured to
such part C by means of the bolt, hasp or hook V. The mandrel or core N N' is
then caused to rotate by means of the pulley p.
While the mandrel or core N'N¹
is rotating the carriage K K' is caused to advance in the direction indicated by
the arrow A by the handle M being turned in a suitable direction until the mould
above described has been caused to enclose the part of the mandrel or core N N₁
which is included between the lines Z Z and Y Y and then the handle M is turned
in the opposite direction so that the carriage K K is caused to retire in the
direction opposite to that indicated by the arrow A until the mould is removed
from the mandrel or core N N¹. The said mould is then opened and the pipe or
tube which has been operated upon is removed from such mould and replaced by
another pipe or tube to be operated upon in a similar manner. Each pipe or tube
operated upon in the mould above described will be forced against the walls of the
mould above described in the space between the ledges and will thus be
compressed in an uniform manner and caused to lose any tendency to torsion or
malformation or collapse which it may have had when first formed.
The mould formed of the parts C C' and the mandrel or core N N¹ must
obviously be made of a form adapted to the form of the pipes or tubes to be
produced and that all forms of round pipes with or without collars on their external
or internal surfaces, from which the mandrel or core N N' can be withdrawn
without causing the destruction of the pipes or tubes may be operated upon by
and formed in the machine illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2 of the accompanying
drawing. It is also obvious that the mechanical details of the machine illus-
trated in Figs. 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawing are susceptible of variation
without departure from the principles upon which the operation of such machine
depends.
A further part of my invention also, consists in arrangements of machinery or
apparatus by which I am enabled to readily carry into effect the above described
improvements in the manufacture of earthenware pipes or tubes of circular
transverse section.
According to this part of my invention I provide a mandrel or core capable of
revolving around its own axis and of having such axis revolved about the axis of a
mould adapted to contain and impart the required form to the pipe or tube to be
operated upon. The said mandrel or core is mounted upon a shaft or axle or in
suitable bearings mounted or.formed in parts mounted on suitable shafts or” axles,

page_text: The parts by which the mandrel or core is supported are provided with means by
which the said inandrel or core may be made excentric to the required extent in
regard to the axis around which such parts revolve and the said mandrel or core is
so arranged or capable of being turned that the pipe or tube to be operated upon
may after being formed by any of the methods hitherto customary or in any other
manner be placed upon such mandrel or core, and that the said mandrel or core
with the said pipe or tube placed thereon may be placed in or turned into position
in the mould above mentioned which is then closed or secured against being opened
by pressure exerted in its interior. The mandrel or core is then placed excentric
to the required extent in regard to the axis of the mould and is caused to rotate.
The mandrel or core rolling around the interior of the pipe or tube contained in
the-mould will compress and render drier, more solid and more compact the
material of which such pipe or tube is formed and also cause the interior of such
pipe or tube to be made of a form corresponding to that of the exterior surface of
the mandrel or core and cause the exterior of such pipe or tube to be made of a
form corresponding to that of the interior of the meuld aforesaid. When the
operation has been continued for the required time the revolution of the mandrel
or core is arrested and the mould is "opened" and the pipe or tube may then be
-removed--from-the-mandrel-or-core-and-if need be,-rapidly-dried_in_a_drying
chamber or drying room so as to be rendered fit for being "burnt" or "fired."
A machine constructed according to this part of my invention is illustrated in
Figs. 3 and 4 of the accompanying drawing Fig. 3 being a front view mainly in
longitudinal section and Fig. 4 a transverse section.
The same letters of reference are applied to corresponding parts in both of the
figures.
The mould employed in the machine illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4 like that
employed in the machine illustrated-in-Figs. 1-and-2-is-formed-in-two-parts. C.C
the part C being connected to the part C by suitable hinges and secured
thereto when the mould is closed by means of a suitable hook, hasp or catch V.
_ In-the-machine-illustrated in Figs. 3-and-4 the part-Cof_the_mould employed is
secured upon-a-support S forming a part of the structure. B B' constituting the
framework of the machine, and the mandrel or core N N' is mounted in pedestals co
which are-secured in position by means of screws u ul in carriers or drivers M M²
respectively supported by the mandrels P P which are respectively actuated by
means of the wheels R R and R R³ to which rotary motion is when necessary
imparted by-means of the handle M. The--mould above mentioned is secured in
position by means of suitable tightening screws in the manner indicated in-the
accompanying drawing and the carrier or driver M' is secured in position by means
of a wedge or block k.
When the mould aforesaid is opened by the hinged part C¹ being turned away
from the fixed part C the wedge or block k is removed and the driver or carrier M¹
is pushed back in the mandrel or spindle P in the direction indicated by the
arrow D so that the trunnion of the mandrel or corc N N¹ is clear of the
pedestal c carried by such driver or carrier M. The mandrel or core N N' is then
turned upwards upon the bolt which serves as a hinge for the mandrel or
core N N¹ and at such times is placed in a horizontal position. When the mandrel
or core has been turned into a vertical position the pipe or tube formed or moulded
_by a press or in any other suitable manner and to be operated upon is immediately
or soon after its formation placed upon the mandrel or core N N which is made of
such size that the pipe or tube to be operated upon can be placed thereon so as to
be approximately filled by such mandrel or core N N'. The mandrel or core N N¹
is then turned downwards until it is again in a horizontal position and the pipe or
tube to be operated upon rests in the fixed part C of the mould and the mould is
closed by the hinged part C being brought over and secured upon the fixed part C.
The driver or carrier M' is then moved in a direction opposite to that indicated by
the arrow D so that the pedestal e again passes upon the trunnion of the mandrel
or core N N¹ and when the trunnion t is in position in the driver or carrier M' such

page_text: driver or carrier M' is secured in position by means of the wedge or block. Then
by means of the screws ve the trunnions of the mandrel or core N N! are
placed excentric in relation to the axes of the drivers or carriers MM² in which
they are respectively mounted to such an extent that the mandrel or core N N'
bears strongly on the interior of the pipe or tube to be compressed. Then by
means of the handle M rotary motion is imparted to the spindles or mandrels P P
and the drivers or carriers M M respectively mounted thereon, so that the mandrel
or core NN the trunnions of which are capable of revolving in the drivers or
carriers M M2 respectively is caused to roll around the interior of the pipe or tube
which was placed upon such mandrel or core N N' and compress such pipe or tube
to an extent corresponding to the extent to which the axis of the mandrel or
core N N is placed excentric in relation to the axes of the drivers or carriers M' M².
The mould is as indicated in Fig. 3 provided at its ends with suitable ledges to
confine the material of which the pipe or tube operated upon is formed. When the
pipe or tube aforesaid has been operated upon to the desired extent the handle M
is no longer rotated and the mould is opened and the wedge or block k being
removed so that the driver or carrier M¹ can be moved in the direction indicated
by the arrow D in a manner similar to that above described and the mandrel or
core NN is again turned upwards upon the bolt so that the completed pipe or
tube which will have been removed from the fixed part C of the mould aforesaid
by the upward turning of the mandrel or core N N may be removed from such
mandrel or core.
The mould formed of the parts C C and the mandrel or core N N¹ must be
made to correspond respectively to the exterior and interior surfaces of the pipes
or tubes to which they are to impart the form desired and that round pipes of any
form whether with or without collars or with or without internal ledges or of
other similar forms which are capable of removal without injury from the
mandrel or core N N¹ may be produced by means of the machine illustrated in
Figs. 3 and 4.
It is obvious that the details of the mechanical arrangement of the machine
illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4 may be varied without departure from the principles
upon which the working of such machine depends.
Like that illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2 the machine illustrated in Figs. 3
and 4 depends on the compressive action of a mandrel or core having a rotative
movement.
By the improvements in the manufacture and by the machinery or apparatus
hereinbefore described it is possible to form earthenware tubes or pipes of any
forms which are circular in transverse section provided that the narrowest parts
of the interiors of the pipes or tubes formed are not smaller than the largest
parts of the mandrels or cores over which they are required to pass in being
removed from such mandrels or cores.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The hereinbefore described improvements in the manufacture of carthenware
pipes or tubes of circular transverse section which consist in subjecting such
pipes or tubes to the compressive action of a rotating mandrel or core acting
in combination with a mould for the purposes and substantially in the manner
hereinbefore described.
2. For enabling the above described improvements in the manufacture of
earthenware pipes or tubes of circular transverse section to be readily carried into
effect the herein before described combination of a mandrel or core such as N N¹
mounted upon a spindle or mandrel to which rotary motion may be imparted and a
mould in which the pipes or tubes to be operated upon may be successively placed
and moved towards and upon and withdrawn from the said mandrel or core
while such mandrel or core is revolving substantially in the manner hereinbefore

page_text: described in reference to and indicated in and by Figs. 1- and 2 of the accompanying
drawing.
3. For enabling the above described improvements in the manufacture of
earthenware pipes or tubes of circular transverse section to be readily carried into
effect the hereinbefore described combination of a mandrel or core such as N N'
arranged to receive the pipes or tubes to be operated upon and mounted in and
arranged to be placed excentric to the required extent in relation to the axes
of drivers or carriers to which rotary motion may be imparted and a mould
against the interior surface of which the pipes or tubes operated upon may be
pressed by the action of the mandrel or core aforesaid, substantially in the manner
hereinbefore described in reference to and indicated in and by Figs. 3 and 4 of the
accompanying drawing.
Dated this Twenty-first day of September 1891.
HOWARD
CHEETHAM,
Manchester, Agent to the Applicant.