TRAMPO TW WIDELYS
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Warner, of Jewin Crescent, in the
City of London, Engineer, and Henry Chopping, of Roxwell, in the
County of Thecox for the Invention of " TRAMPO TW WIDELYS "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Warner and
Henry Chopping at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 19th March 1868.
We, FREDERICK WARNER, of Jewin Crescent, in the City of London,
Engineer, and HENRY CHOPPING, of Roxwell, in the County of Essex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
WINDMILLS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in windmills. In
constructing windmills in which the sails are arranged in a ring around
an axis we divide up the said ring of sails into four or other number
of separate arcs so that the sails in any one arc can feather or turn
edge to wind independently of the sails in the other arcs. This
arrangement prevents the sails being injured by a puff of wind as may
take place when all the sails of the ring are coupled together, for the

page_text: average pressure of the wind on the ring may not be sufficient to feather
call the sails when locally it is sufficient to do. damage. The sails of each
arc are connected to a-rod which through a spring is connected with
the striking gear or apparatus by means of which the sails are drawn
<into an inclined position so that they may oppose themselves to the wind
*when it is required that the mill should turn. These springs yield to allow
the sails to feather or fall back in a high wind as above described, but
immediately the wind lulls the sails acted on by the springs regain their
former position and are thus self-regulating. When it is desired to move
the mill from place to place it is built upon a tank which serves as a
base and which is pumped full of water to give it stability when the
smill is set up for use. In some cases we make the sails of skeleton
iframes with other covered frames hinged to them in such manner that
should the mill get tail to wind the covered frames may blow out and
let the wind pass, otherwise injury to the structure would probably
result.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Frederick Warner and Henry Chopping in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 19th September 1868.
'TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, FREDERICK
WARNER, of Jewin Crescent, in the City of London, Engineer, and
HENRY CHOPPING, of Roxwell, in the County of Essex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her 'most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of March, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the thirty-
first year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto us, the said Frederick Warner and Henry Chopping,
Her special licence that we, the said Frederick Warner and Henry
Chopping, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
we, the said Frederick Warner and Henry Chopping, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
WINDMILLS," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said

page_text: Frederick Warner. and Henry Chopping, our executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under our or their hands and seals, or under
the hand and seal of one of us or them, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW. KNOW YE, that I, the said Frederick Warner, on behalf of
myself and the said Henry Chopping, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same is. to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object improvements in windmills. In
constructing windmills in which the sails are arranged in a ring around
an axis we divide up the said ring of sails into four or other number of
separate arcs.so that the sails in any one arc. can feather or turn edge
to wind independently of the sails in the other arcs. This arrangement
prevents the sails being injured by a puff of wind as may take placo
when all the sails of the ring are coupled together, for the average
pressure of the wind on the ring may not be sufficient to feather all
the sails when locally it is sufficient to do damage. The sails of each
arc are connected to a rod which through a spring is connected with the
striking gear or apparatus by means of which the sails are drawn into
an inclined position, so that they may oppose themselves. to the wind
when it is required that the mill should turn.. These springs yield to
allow the sails to feather or fall back in a high wind as above described,
but immediately the wind lulls the sails acted on by the springs regain
their former position and are thus self-regulating...
Figure 1 of the annexed Drawings is a front view of a windmill thus
arranged. a and a¹ are concentric ring frames carried on the radial
arms as which are fixed on a horizontal axis from which the power is
conveyed to the machinery to be driven in any convenient and usual
way; b, b, are the sails of the mill; they turn on pivots 6', 6', in the
ring frames, and they each consist of a wooden roller to which a light
metal frame is fixed and a canvas covering. is stretched over. it. On
cach of the wooden rollers an arm is fixed at 62, and these arms are
coupled together by connecting rods c. One of the arms 2 and the bolt
which forms the joint with the connecting rod is shown full size at

page_text: Figures 2, as the Drawing Figure 1 represents, the sails are thus
coupled together in three sets, each one-third of the circle, but if
preferred they may be arranged in four or other number of sets. Each
connecting rod c is attached by a stud c¹ to another rod d having a disc
or piston at its end working in a cylinder e and containing a coiled
spring. These cylinders are carried by the radial arms a³, and one of
them with its fitting is shown in plan at Figure 3.
Figure 4 is an end view of the same parts, and Figure 5 is a longi-
tudinal section of the cylinder e with the coiled spring piston and a
portion of the rod d. The mill may have striking gear applied to it as
is usual, such striking gear either being applied to force open the
sails by overcoming the springs, or to shift the position of the spring
cylinders e in their supports upon the radial arms which carry them.
We claim as respects this part of our Invention in constructing wind-
mills in which the sails are arranged in a ring around an axis to divide
up the said ring of sails into a number of separate arcs so that the sails
in any one arc can automatically feather independently of the sails in
the other arcs.
When it is desired to move the mill from place to place we according
to our Invention build it upon a tank which serves as a base, and which
is pumped full of water to give it stability when the mill is set up
for use.
Figure 1 of the Drawings shows the windmill to be thus constructed;
f is a wrought-iron tank mounted on four wheels g, g; this tank is
comparatively light when unloaded, but when full is sufficiently heavy to
prevent the mill from being overturned by any ordinary wind. On the
bottom of the tank cast-iron sockets are fixed into which the timbers
g', g¹, are stept, and four inclined struts g*, g*, from the corners of the
tank support these timbers. A cap at the top of the timbers g¹ carries
the axis of the wheel and also usually apparatus of ordinary construction
for keeping the mill head to wind, but in some cases to simplify the
construction this is dispensed with.
We claim as respects this part of our Invention the combining a
windmill with a tank in such manner that the tank forms the base of
the mill as described.
In some cases according to our Invention we make the sails of skeleton
frames with other covered frames hinged to them in such manner

page_text: that should the mill get tail to wind the covered frames may blow out
and let the wind pass, otherwise injury to the structure would probably
result.
Figure 6 shows a sail thus constructed; the wooden roller and the
light iron frame are as in the sail already described, but within it and
hinged to the roller is an interior frame of light metal over which the
canvas is stretched; this interior frame shuts down against the interior
frame when the wind is on the face of the sail, and in this direction it
cannot blow through so that the sail works as if it were all rigid together,
but should the wind come upon the back of the sail the inner frame
opens on its hinges and lets the wind freely through.
We claim as respects this part of our Invention the constructing the
sails of windmills in such manner that the surface against which the
wind acts may if the wind comes on the back of the sail be able to blow
out freely and away from the other parts of the sail which retain it
when the wind strikes the front of the sail as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick Warner, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of September, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-
eight.