Improvements in Tools and Appliances for Forging and Stamping Spring Hoops and the like Articles.
Year: 1897

page_text: This Print is in accordance with the Original Specification as it stands after
Amendment (under Section 11 of the Patents, &c. Act, 1883) as required by
the decision of the Chief Examiner of the 24th day of November 1898.
Date of Application, 3rd June, 1897
Complete Specification Left, 3rd Mar., 1898-Accepted, 3rd June, 1898
Improvements in Tools and Appliances for Forging and Stamping
Spring Hoops and the like Articles.
We, JosEri BEDDALL, of 352, Staniforth Road, Attercliffe, Sheffield, in the
County of York, Smith, and EDWIN CARLISLE, of Queens Square, Ebbw Vale,
in the County of Monmouth, Manager, do hereby declare the nature of our said inven-
tion to be as follows:-
The object of our invention is to expedite and cheapen the manufacture of
spring hoops and the like, and although our invention is applicable for the
manufacture of a variety of articles, it is more particularly adapted for forging
and stamping hoops, such as are used on laminated springs of railway rolling
stock and similar vehicles. Hoops of this kind are generally formed by building
up the parts of metallic bars or strips, two or more of each forming the sides
with two U shaped end pieces or dabs placed between the said side pieces at
each end so as to form a box shaped cavity in the middle, with two lugs or double
eyes at each end, the several parts being sheared, shaped or bent, to the required
form before being put together, they are then placed into a furnace and raised
to a welding heat after which they are manipulated on suitable mandrels and
other hand tools either on a smiths anvil or under a steam hammer.
to
By our improved method we employ specially designed tools and appliances
by which the hoop may be more easily and quickly manipulated in the forging
or stamping process than is the case by the appliances ordinarily employed and
As
they are more particularly adapted for use with a steam hammer or press.
the action will be the same in either case we will describe our invention as
adapted to a steam hammer, on the anvil of which we fit a metallic block which
On the face of this
can be secured in the same way as an ordinary pellet or face.
block which is provided with a dovetailed recess for the purpose, we fit a loose
and interchangeable die which we secure into the recess by means of a wedge,
set screws or other equivalent fastenings. This die plate is recessed so as
receive one of the side plates of the spring hoop. In the face of the hammer
a
likewise fit in similar manner
tup we
a corresponding die plate to
receive the other side plate of the hoop. The bottom block we provide
with a shaft passing through the centre of its body horizontally and at right
angles to the longitudinal axis of the die plates. This shaft is provided on each
side of the block with a double lever, these levers are provided with eyes and pins
at each end to which are connected four bridle or pull rods (two on each side),
two being attached to the side levers above the centre line of the first mentioned
or transverse shaft, and two to the ends of the lever below the centre line of the
said shaft. The outer ends of these bridle or pull rods are connected and secured
to two crossheads or cross bars which are parallel to each other and to the trans-

page_text: verse shaft first mentioned. These crossheads are each connected to the ends
of two horizontal rams of rectangular section which fit into a corresponding
cavity or cavities passing through the body of the block. These rams are each
provided with a vertical pillar to which are fitted by means of pins, sliding
mandrels, these sliding mandrels being so shaped and formed as to fit horizontally
and longitudinally between the lugs of the hoop and by means of a hand lever
keyed on to the end of the transverse shaft these sliding mandrels are actuated by
the side levers, bridle or pull rods, crossheads, and pillars, so that they can be
forced into position after the hoop has been placed in the die plate. In order
that the mandrels may enter the spaces between the lugs of the hoop we employ
a roller or projection on the bottom of the slide over which these mandrels are
actuated so that as they are forced forward by the mechanism previously described
they are caused to rise slightly above the bottom of the slide and enter the spaces
between the lugs. When they have been advanced into their relative positions
the rollers or projections on the bottom of the slide are arched over by notches
or recesses formed on the under sides of the said mandrels so that when the blows
are made by the steam hammer there is a clearance between the mandrels and
rollers or projections which prevents those parts being strained or damaged by
the blows. This arrangement also assists to keep the mandrels in position during
the blows of the hammer.
Simultaneously with this action, a mandrel is likewise forced horizontally but
transversely into the box shaped cavity of the hoop by means of a trigger which
is also actuated by a projecting lug formed on the end of one of the bridle or pull
rods previously described. As soon as these mandrels are forced into position
by the means described the hammer is put into motion and the necessary blows
are given to complete the welding and forging or stamping processes to the hoop.
The top die plate we so construct that the recessed portion which receives the
side plate of the hoop is also formed to cover the end mandrels and by bevilling
the edges of the backs of the said mandrels and the corresponding ends of the
recess in the top die plate any tendency of the mandrels being driven back by
the blows of the hammer will be counteracted.
When the process herein described has been completed the mandrels are driven
back by the employment of hand tools as follows; first, the central or transverse
mandrel is driven out of the box formed cavity of the hoop by employing a wedge
formed hand tool between the bevilled end of the said mandrel and the bevilled
face of a lug which is conveniently placed or fixed for the purpose on the face
of the bottom block, so that a blow or two from the hammer will suffice with the
aid of this tool to drive back and loosen the said mandrel. Secondly, the end
mandrels are driven back by the employment of a bridge shaped wedge which
passes over the upper side of the hoop and between such portions of the front edges
of the side mandrels as project beyond the sides of the lugs, so that when this
tool is placed in position owing to its wedge shape a light blow or two from the
hammer will suffice to loosen and drive back the two end mandrels simultaneously
out of the lugs.
Dated this 2nd day of June 1897
Improvements in Tools and Appliances for Forging and Stamping
Spring Hoops and the like Articles.
We, JosEr BEDDALL, of 352, Staniforth Road, Attercliffe, Sheffield, in the
County of York, Smith, and EDWIN CARLISLE, of Queens Square, Ebbw Vale,

page_text: in the County of Monmouth, Manager, do hereby declare the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement ;-
The object of our invention is to expedite and cheapen the manufacture of
spring hoops and the like, and although our invention is applicable for the
manufacture of a variety of articles, it is more particularly adapted for forging
and stamping hoops, such as are used on laminated springs of railway rolling
stock and similar vehicles. Hoops of this kind are generally formed by building
up the parts of metallic bars or strips, two or more of each forming the sides
with two U shaped end pieces or dabs placed between the said side pieces at
each end so as to form a box shaped cavity in the middle with two lugs or double
eyes at each end, the several parts being sheared, shaped, or bent to the required
form before being put together, they are then placed into a furnace and raised
to a welding heat after which they are manipulated on suitable mandrels and
other hand tools either on a smiths anvil or under a steam hammer.
By our improved method we employ specially designed tools and appliances
by which the hoop may be more easily and quickly manipulated in the forging
or stamping process than is the case by the appliances ordinarily employed and
they are more particularly adapted for use with a steam hammer or press. As
the action will be the same in either case we will describe our invention as
adapted to a steam hammer
The nature of our invention will be better understood on reference to the
accompanying sheet of drawings, in which,
Fig. 1, is a side elevation half in section of our improved appliances fitted and
adapted for use with a steam hammer.
Fig. 2, is an end elevation of the same.
Fig. 3, is a plan with half of the top tool removed.
Figs. 4 and 5, are a plan and longitudinal section of a bottom die face plate.
Figs. 6 and 7, are a plan and longitudinal section of a top die face plate.
Figs. 8 and 9, are a plan and longitudinal section of a fillet or fillets which are
used with the top and bottom die face plates.
Figs. 10, 11 and 12, are the side and end elevation and plan of one of the end
mandrels.
Figs. 13 and 14, are a plan and side elevation of the centre mandrel.
Figs. 15 and 16, are a side and end elevation of a wedge shaped hand tool for
driving back the centre mandrel.
Figs. 17 and 18, are side and end elevations of a bridge shaped wedge tool for
driving back the end mandrels.
The same letters refer to similar parts throughout the several views.
On the anvil of a steam hammer we fit a metallic block A, which can be
secured in the same way as an ordinary pellet or face. On the face of this
block which is provided with a dovetailed recess for the purpose, we fit a loose
and interchangeable die B', which we secure into the recess by means of a
wedge C, set screws or other equivalent fastenings. This_die is recessed so
as to receive one of the side plates of the spring hoop E.
In the face of the hammer tup we likewise fit in a similar manner a corre-
sponding die. B to receive the other side plate D2 of the hoop E. The bottom
block we provide with a shaft F passing through the centre of its body horizontally
and at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the dies B₁ B². This shaft is pro-
vided on each side of the block with a double lever G G these levers are provided
with eyes and pins H H at each end to which are connected four bridle or pull
rods II (two on each side), two being attached to the side levers G G above the
centre line of the first mentioned or transverse shaft F, and two to the ends of
the lever below the centre line of the said shaft. The outer ends of these bridle
or pull rods are connected and secured to two crossheads or cross bars J J, which
are parallel to each other and to the transverse shaft first mentioned. These

page_text: _crossheads are each connected to the ends of two horizontal
rams KK
of rectangular section which fit into a corresponding cavity or cavities
passing through the body of the block A. These rams are cach pro-
vided with a vertical pillar L L to which are fitted by means of
pins M sliding mandrels N these sliding mandrels being so shaped and formed
as to fit horizontally and longitudinally between the lugs of the hoop and
by means of a hand lever O keyed on to the end of the transverse shaft F these
siiding mandrels are actuated by the side levers, bridle or pull rods, crossheads
and pillars, so that they can be forced into position after the hoop has been
placed in the die. In order that the mandrels may enter the spaces between
the lugs of the hoop we employ a roller P or projection on the bottom of the
slide over which these mandrels are actuated so that as they are forced forward
by the mechanism previously described they are caused to rise slightly above the
bottom of the slide and enter the spaces between the lugs. When they have
been advanced into their relative positions the rollers P or projections on the
bottom of the slide are arched over by notches or recesses formed on the under
sides of the said mandrels N N so that when the blows are made by the steam
hammer there is a clearance between the mandrels and rollers or projections
which prevents those parts being strained or damaged by the blows. This
arrangement also assists to keep the mandrels in position during the blows of
the hammer.
Simultaneously with this action, a mandrel Q is likewise forced horizontally
but transversely into the box shaped cavity of the hoop E by means of a
trigger R which is also actuated by a projecting lug S formed on the end of one
of the bridle or pull rods I previously described. As soon as these mandrels N N
and Q are forced into position by the means described the hammer is put into
motion and the necessary blows are given to complete the welding and forging
or stamping processes to the hoop.
The top die we so construct that the recessed portion which receives the side
plate of the hoop is also formed to cover the end mandrels N N, and by bevilling
the edges of the backs of the said mandrels and the corresponding ends of the
recess in the top die, as shewn in the drawings, any tendency of the mandrels being
driven back by the blows of the hammer will be counteracted.
When the process herein described has been completed the mandrels are driven
back by the employment of hand tools as follows; first, the central or transverse
mandrel Q is driven out of the box formed cavity of the hoop by employing a
wedge formed hand tool Y (Figs. 15 and 16), between the bevilled end of the
said mandrel and the bevilled face of a lug T which is conveniently placed or
fixed for the purpose on the face of the bottom block A so that a blow or two
from the hammer will suffice with the aid of this tool to drive back and loosen the
said mandrel. Secondly, the end mandrels N N are driven back by the employment
of a bridge shaped wedge Z (Figs. 17 and 18), which passes over the upper side of
the hoop and between such portions of the front edges of the side mandrels as
project beyond the sides of the lugs, so that when this tool is placed in position
owing to its wedge shape a light blow or two from the hammer will suffice to
loosen and drive back the two end mandrels simultaneously out of the lugs.
Sometimes we form the recesses in the top and bottom dies B1 B2.large enough
to allow of the insertion of steel or other die face plates U U similar to those
illustrated in Figs. 4, 5, 6 and 7, so that with the same pair of dies various
sized die face plates may be inserted and secured by means of the countersunk
bolts V V.
With such a pair of die face plates as U U₁ the side plates D1 and D2 of the
spring hoop would be straight and in line from end to end and parallel with each
other but when such a form of spring hoop is required, thicker end mandrels NN
than those shewn in the drawing would be employed. With the form of spring
hoop shewn in the drawing, loose fillets W W are employed, secured inside the
die face plates U U by means of the countersunk bolts X X.

page_text: It will be observed that the spring hoop in the sectional portion of Fig. 1 is
shewn dead black instead of in section lines.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we wish it to be
understood that we are aware of the Specification of Letters Patent granted to
Thomas Hurdley, Henry Green, and Thompson Jowett, No. 23,760 of 1893, and
we do not claim anything described and claimed therein and further we are aware
that it has been proposed to recess the mandrels to receive the side-plates and to
form the mandrels, bevelled at the ends with the object of counteracting the
tendency of the mandrels to be driven back by the blows of the hammer and that
it has been proposed to use a bridge-shaped wedge such as shown in Figs. 17
and 18 for forcing back the end mandrels and we do not claim these features
per se but we declare that what we claim is :-
(1). In the manufacture of spring hoops and the like, the arrangement and com-
bination of parts and appliances by means of which a spring hoop or the like
may be manipulated in the forging and smithing processes, in the manner and
for the purposes substantially as herein described and illustrated.
(2). In tools and appliances for manipulating spring hoops and the like in
the forging and smithing processes, the arrangement and combination of parts
and appliances by means of which the centre and end mandrels are actuated and
forced into their respective positions in the manner and for the purposes sub-
stantially as herein described and illustrated.
(3). In tools and appliances for manipulating spring hoops and the like in
the forging and smithing processes, the arrangement and combination of parts.
hand tools and appliances by means of which the centre and end mandrels are
driven back after the forging and smithing process has been completed in the
manner and for the purposes substantially as herein described and illustrated.
Dated this 2nd day of March 1898.
R. HEBER RADFORD,
Agent for the Applicants.