Improvements in the Method of and Apparatus for Fastening the Selvedges of Seals, Plushes, and other Fabrics.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 7th Aug., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 7th May 1891-Accepted, 13th June, 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Method of and Apparatus for Fastening the
Selvedges of Seals, Plushes, and other Fabrics.
We RUFUS KELLETT of Beck Hill, Buttershaw, Manufacturer, and THE
SPRINGFIELD MILL COMPANY, Bramley in the County of York, Manufacturers,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Hitherto the edges of selvedges of fabrics have had to be cross stitched in sewing
machines after the piece comes out of the loom, by our improved method and
apparatus this cross stitching is done in the loom at the same time as it is woven.
We employ two or more vertical needles above and below the warp of the fabrics;
the said needles are carried on pivotted levers upon a suitable sliding rod or bearing
which has an upwards and downwards motion imparted to it by a lever and con-
necting rod or other suitable mechanism from eccentric on the low shaft or other
convenient part of the loom; the pivotted levers or needle carriers are operated by
tappets upon the sliding rod, which said tappets give the needles a side motion so
as to carry their fastening threads alternately over one or other number of the
selvedge warp threads on one side or the other as required. A catch wheel is fixed
upon the stud carrying the tappets, and as the said tappets rise and fall, their teeth
come in contact with the pivotted catch, which revolves them, so operating upon the
pivotted lever as before described.
By this means, sewing machines for cross-stitching are dispensed with, the selvedge
being knitted and cross stitched in the loom.
Dated this Sixth day of August 1890.
JOHN E. WALSH,
Crossley Street, Halifax, Agent for the Applicants.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Method of and Apparatus for Fastening the
Selvedges of Seals, Plushes, and other Fabrics.
We, RUFUS KELLETT of Beck Hill Buttershaw, Manufacturer, and THE
SPRINGFIELD MILL COMPANY, Manufacturers, Bramley, both in the County of
York, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, that is to say :-
Heretofore the selvedges of seals, plushes and similar other fabrics have had to be
cross-stitched in sewing machines after said fabrics have been taken out of the loom,
so that said selvedges might withstand the strain put upon them during the finishing
process of said fabrics, but in accordance with our invention this cross-stitching is
done in and by mechanism operated with the loom simultaneously with the weaving
of the fabric.
In the accompanying sheet of drawings
Figs. 1 and 2 are front and side views of our improved mechanism and Fig. 3
is sectional end view of a portion of a loom, reduced scale, shewing application
thereto of our said invention.
Figs. 4 and 5 are drawings in detail of parts hereinafter described.
Fig. 6 shews the stitching of the fabric.
For each piece of fabric to be produced we employ a separate set of vertically

page_text: one loom as is usual in the manufacture of seals and plushes, (by the severing or
cutting from together of which the employment of our improved method of stitching
is most beneficial since, by said cutting, their ordinary selvedges are destroyed) we
arrange one set to operate above the warps for forming the stitching in the upper
piece while the set for effecting this object in the lower piece is made to operate
beneath said piece, and the annexed drawings are illustrative of this double arrange-
ment.
Upon the fixed bearing a we rigidly mount the vertical needle & which extends
downwards sufficiently far to hold the thread of warp passing through the small
opening at its extremity, low enough for all the threads of weft to pass over it at
all times, while on the same bearing a we mount in like manner the vertical needle b¹
which extends upwards so as to allow all the weft threads to pass beneath it, 'the
former thread (passing through needle b) forming part of the bottom piece being
woven and the latter (passing through needle 6') forming part of the upper piece
being woven.
In the bearings 62 63 we mount the sliding rod c, which is operated, through the
lever d and rode by the eccentric mounted upon the rotary shaft g, said operations
of the eccentric effecting an upward movement of the said rod c while its down-
ward movement is effected by gravity, or any suitable mechanism may be employed
for imparting this vertically reciprocatory motion to said rod c from any other
motor part of the loom.
On the sliding rod c are mounted the two pairs of levers and h² h³ carrying
at their lower and upper extremities respectively, the needles 1, 2, 3 and 4 at the
extremity of each of which is made an opening for the passage of a thread of warp
which may be of the ordinary kind forming the piece or it may be from a separate
bobbin and specially prepared to form a stronger selvedge than would the fiber
used to form said piece or fabric.
The levers hand 12³ extend in the other directions so that their respectively
extending arms may reach into contact with the cams and 1 13 mounted upon
the studs and ¹, these cams and impart motion to the said levers in one
direction while the springs m m operate them in the other direction.
Rotary motion is imparted to the cams ll' and 12 13 by the pawls n n' operating
the wheels o o', said pawls n n' effecting said operations by being hinged to the fixed
bearings and arranged to lie in the path of motion of said wheels o o' as they
rise and fall with the rod c.
The object attained by the actions of the above described parts is as follows:-
As the rod e continues to rise and fall, carrying with it the needles 1 and 3 which
have also lateral movement imparted to them by the actions of the cams and l
respectively, the threads of warp passing through them are carried thereby first
down or up one side of those threads of warp that pass through the needles bb,
and then down or up the other side of those same threads with the result that by a
pick or shot of weft having passed between those respective threads during each of
the said movements each thread in each pair of these threads crosses the other
between each shot of weft as is shewn by the threads p in Fig. 6 which represents
only one piece of the fabric, each pair of needles 1, 6 and 3, 6, producing this effect
in each piece (upper and lower) woven.
The operations of the cams and upon the needles 2 and 4 are such as only to
effect the change in their lateral positions after a certain number of movements
up and down of the rod c so that they carry their respective threads of warp for a
certain number of shots of weft to pass over and beneath them when performing
their vertical movements in one vertical plane, while when their position is altered
laterally so that their path of motion is in the other vertical plane a similar number
of shots of weft are thrown in during the movements in this position and the space
between the two vertical paths of motion of these needles 2 and 4 is occupied by
number of threads of warp which are made to pass through so as to be guided by
the slot d¹ formed in the bearing a such number being regulated as desired.

page_text: shewn at x.
In Fig. 6s indicates the thread of warp carried by the needle 2 or 4, while the
threads are those passing through the slot d', and the picks or shots of weft are
The cross-stitching of the threads ttt by the thread s, as shewn, secures their
attachment to the shots of weft so that the finishing of fabric thus produced
may be proceeded with without it having to undergo further preparation so far as
concerns its selvedge.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is-
-
1. The method of and apparatus for cross-stitching and otherwise preparing or
forming the selvedges of fabrics substantially as herein specified.
Dated him ath d. 1001
SAMUEL HEY,
Agent for Applicants.