A NEW HYDRAULIC MOTOR
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki, Proprietor of the
firm of J. Brandt & G. W. v. Nawrocki, Patent Solicitor and Civil Engineer
of 124 Leipzigerstrasse, Berlin, Germany for an invention of A NEW
HYDRAULIC MOTOR-A communication from Friedrich Karl Theis, of Ohligs,
Arthur Meckel, of Elberfeld and Louis Alexander Simons, of Elberfeld, all in
the German Empire.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Gerard Wenzeslaus von
Nawrocki at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th July
1882.
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI, Proprietor of the firm of J. Brandt
and G. W. v. Nawrocki, Patent Solicitor and Civil Engineer of 124 Leipzigerstrasse,
Berlin, Germany, "A NEW HYDRAULIC MOTOR," a communication from Friedrich
Karl Theis, of Ohligs, Arthur Meckel, of Elberfeld, and Louis Alexander Simons,
of Elberfeld, all in the German Empire,
This invention consists in connecting with a water supply tank a series of
syphons, in such a manner, that the first syphon draws water from the tank and
discharges it through a bend into the inlet pipe of the second syphon whose outlet
pipe supplies water to the third syphon, through a second bend and so on to the
last syphon which discharges its water through a downward pipe into the atmo-
sphere or a discharge tank, each syphon containing a turbine which is driven by.
the water which passes through the series of syphons. The whole water conduit
containing the turbines, is hermetically closed, and a portion of the power obtained
from the turbines may be used for driving a pump which lifts the water from the
discharge tank into the supply tank. Instead of connecting two consecutive
syphons by a downward bend, the discharge pipe of one syphon and the inlet pipe
of the following syphon may dip into a hermetically closed vessel. The shafts of
the turbines are preferably made horizontal and run at both ends in long bearings
or tubes, one of which carries also the guide-blades. On the inlet-side the turbine-
shaft has a shoulder resting against an india-rubber ring which receives the axial
pressure exerted by the water on the turbine, thereby forming a hermetic joint
between the turbine-casing and the shaft.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 4th January 1883.
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI, Proprietor of the firm of J. Brandt and
G. W. v. Nawrocki, Patent Solicitor and Civil Engineer of 124 Leipzigerstrasse,
Berlin, Germany "A NEW HYDRAULIC MOTOR," a communication from Friedrich
Karl Theis, of Ohligs, Arthur Meckel, of Elberfeld, and Louis Alexander Simons, of
Elberfeld, all in the German Empire
This invention relates to a hydraulic motor formed by a number of turbines
mounted in a serpent-like syphon or a series of syphons.
The effect of this motor is based on the following facts ascertained by many
experiments, and which will be explained by means of the accompanying
drawings.
Fig. 1 shows the general arrangement of the turbines in the syphon.
Supposing the left-hand turbine (No 4) situated in the upper horizontal portion
of the syphon to be used alone, the left shank a of the syphon being connected
with a water tank A, while the right shank b' is extended downward to a length
of about 9 metres or less, and provided at its lower end with a regulating and
stop-cock, which extension may be similar to that shown for turbine No 7
(shank 6' and extension d) the turbine will move with a certain speed, after the
air in the (airtight) syphon has been sufficiently rarefied, the syphon filled with
water or other liquid, and the slide g situated between the tank A and shank a*,
as well as the cock situated at the lower end of the discharge pipe d has been
opened.
•
In a brake trial carried out with the experimental apparatus the brake acting
on a shaft driven by the turbine had to be loaded with 3 kilogrammes in order
to stop the turbine.
:
After the discharge pipe d had been removed from the first turbine and the
shank b' of turbine No 4 connected with the shank a³ of a second turbine No 3,
the pipe d being then joined to the shank 63, and both turbines caused to act on
the same shaft, the said brake had to be loaded with 6 kilogrammes for stopping
the two turbines.
As the quantity of water pressed through the syphon per minute remained the
same it follows that the power of the engine has been doubled by inserting a
second turbine into the syphon tube.
In an analogous manner it was found that after the insertion of a third turbine
(No 2) the load on the brake had to be increased to 8.5 kilogrammes, in order to
stop the motor, and that the addition of a fourth turbine (No 1) required a load
of 10.5 kilogrammes.
The experiments were continued up to 7 turbines all of which transmitted their
power on the same shaft. At the fifth turbine the load on the brake was
13.5 kilogrammes, at the sixth 16 kilogrammes, and at the seventh 18 kilo-
grammes.
. In this manner it is possible to combine any number of turbines in a syphon to
form a hydraulic motor, care being taken that the pipe conduit is perfectly air-
tight and filled with water. The latter condition is fulfilled if the vertical
distance beween the level of the water-supply (supply tank) and the lower end of

page_text: the discharge pipe is smaller than the height of a water column corresponding to
the atmospheric pressure.
In the apparatus described the transmission of power between the water and
the turbines takes place by suction. The water leaving the guides p, turns the
turbine wheel o, having arrived at this turbine through the bent pipe h under the
influence of the atmospheric pressure on the water-level in the tank A. The same
takes place in the following turbines, because the whole pipe-conduit acting as a
syphon is free of air and filled with water, which follows the pressure of the
atmosphere on the water level in A. It will be seen from the series of Figures
mentioned above, that the difference between the successive brake-loads is gradually
decreasing. This decrease arises partly from small leakages in the apparatus,
partly from its imperfect construction and partly from the friction of the water in
the bent tubes h¹ h³ h³...
In order to avoid this friction, the apparatus may be constructed as indicated
in Fig 2. In this modification the bends are replaced by air-tight vessels 71778.708
into which dip the pipes a' b¹., a³ b¹.... a b² of the turbine, the discharge
pipes b' b 63.67 reaching almost to the bottom of the tanks, p² po p³. . . . The
water flowing into the tanks rises upward and enters the turbines through the
short pipes a a³ a³... The open tank A communicates with the tank 78
through a syphon's provided with a funnel t and stop cock. The funnel serves to
fill the apparatus, which is effected by closing the cock of the syphon 8, as well
as the cock situated at the lower end of the discharge-pipe d, and pouring water
into the tank through the funnel t. Air-taps i provided at several places as
shown by Fig. 1 and 2, allow the air to escape from the pipos and the tanks 7 208
when the apparatus is being filled. The discharge-pipe d is connected with the
vessel r, in the manner of a syphon. This apparatus represents a system of
syphons connected with each other and in which the friction of the flowing water
is reduced to a minimuni. The turbines used in this apparatus are constructed as
follows. The turbine-wheel e is fixed on the spindle m running with one end in
the bushing n, and guided at the other end in the tube q which carries the guide-
blades or buckets p The bushing n and tube 9 are rigidly connected with the
casing of the turbine. The spindle m is provided with a shoulder 7 pressed against
a disc situated in the widened end of the tube q which is enlarged into a
stuffing-box, the pressure being exerted by the water contained in the casing of the
turbine This simple construction ensures the air tight closing of the turbine-
casing. From the spindle m the power is transmitted on the common driving-
shaft by means of a pulley y, z are let-off cocks. If a considerable number of
turbines are combined according to the principle described, the water which has
performed the work may be pumped back into the supply-tank by the power of
some of the turbines while the remaining turbines are applied for other purposes.
Instead of water any other suitable liquid, for instance mercury, may be used, the
length of the discharge pipe being altered according to the density of the respective
liquid, so that the height of the said pipe is less than the liquid-column
corresponding to the atmospheric pressure.
1. A hydraulic motor comprising a larger or smaller number of turbines mounted
in a syphon or series of syphons in such a manner, that the inlet and outlet-pipes
of any two successive turbines are connected with each other by bends' h² ..
or by vessels ..., that the whole pipe conduit and turbines are hermetically
closed and a continuous current of water is produced through a discharge pipe,
which current drives the turbines while a part of the power of these turbines is
applied for raising the spent water into the supply-tank.
2. The combination of turbine-wheel o, spindle m, bushing n, guide-blades p,

page_text: tube g and shoulder pressed against the disc by water pressure and serving to
close the turbine hermetically.
The whole substantially as described.
In witness whereof I, the said Gerard Wenzeslaus von Nawrocki have
hereunto set my hand and seal this thirtieth day of December AD 1882.;
GERARD WENZESLAUS VON NAWROCKI. (L.B.)