IMPROVED 145 ARDIHARD STAIR OR DOUBLE-HEADEDWAY CROSSINGS ADAPTED FOR THEARY RAILS
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Cammell, of Sheffield, in the County of York,
Steel Manufacturer, and Willoughby Crompton, of Openshaw, in the
County of Lancaster, Mechanic and Smith, for the Invention of "IMPROVED
145
ARDIHARD STAIR OR DOUBLE-HEADED
Sealed the 15th March 1864, and dated the 2nd December 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Cammell and
Willoughby Crompton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 2nd December 1863.
We, CHARLES CAMMELL, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Steel Manu-
facturer, and WILLOUGHBY CROMPTON, of Openshaw, in the County of Lancaster,
Mechanic and Smith, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED RAILWAY CROSSINGS ADAPTED FOR THE ORDINARY SINGLE OR DOUBLE-
HEADED RAILS," to be as follows:-
The chief feature of novelty in these improved railway crossings consists in
forming or casting the three ordinary bearing chairs in one piece, so as to give
continuous support throughout, for the entire length of the block or piece, to
both the wing and point rails, thereby insuring an exceedingly strong, simple,
and durable crossing. By this arrangement or construction of support for the
points or crossings no bolt or fastening will be required beyond the usual
wooden keys to hold down the rails or secure the chairs. The forms of rails
used are of the ordinary kind, as are also the forms of the chairs to suit theur.

page_text: The Invention may be carried out in various ways, and the mode of fitting or
securing the rails in the chairs may to some extent be left to the discretion of
the engineer of the line, provided the essential feature of the Invention be
retained. We would also observe, that either iron or steel rails, or iron rails
with steel points, may be used.
In carrying out the Invention the block chairs are cast solid with and form
a portion of the filling pieces between the wing and point rails. The casting
is cored out to receive the point rails, which are fitted into it and are supported
under flanges by it. The wing rails are also supported under flanges by it,
and are kept in their position laterally by wood keys in the ordinary manner.
No bolts, nuts, or cottars are required. Our Invention is applicable to all
crossings made of single bars, whether of steel or iron.
In some instances where a cast-steel point is made use of and the rails are
carried through only so far as to butt against the hinder end of that point a
cottar or bolt is used to keep the rails in close contact with the point piece;
this cottar is kept by the wing rails from shaking or working out of its place.
These crossings combine all the advantages to be met with in other crossings
without any of the disadvantages, for the following reasons, viz., rolled cast-
steel rails may be used which, when imbedded in the block chair, are perfectly
solid; either of the wing rails or V part may be removed and replaced in a
few minutes by a plate layer when requisite without the necessity of taking
up the crossing or incurring the expence of a new one; they are made the
full length of ordinary crossings and are thus less liable to breakage than
short ones; they are exceedingly simple, durable, and safe; the first cost is
not beyond that of an ordinary crossing, and afterwards any portion may be
replaced at little more than the cost of the rails.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Charles Cammell and Willoughby Crompton in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 2nd June 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, CHARLES
CAMMELL, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Steel Manufacturer, and
WILLOUGHBY CROMPTON, of Openshaw, in the County of Lancaster, Mechanio
and Smith, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Second day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-seventh year of Her

page_text: reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said Charles Cammell and Willoughby Crompton, Her special license that we,
the said Charles Cammell and Willoughby Crompton, our executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Charles Cammell and
Willoughby Crompton, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IжPROVED RAILWAY
CROSSINGS ADAPTED TO THE ORDINARY SINGLE OR DOUBLE-HEADED RAILS," upon the
condition (amongst others) that we, the said Charles Cammell and Willoughby
Crompton, by an instrument in writing under our hands and seals, or under
the hand and seal of one of us, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Cammell, on behalf of myself
and of the said Willoughby Crompton, do hereby declare the nature of our
said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement,
reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the letters and
figures marked thereon (that is to say) :-
The chief feature of novelty in these improved railway crossings consists in
forming or casting the three ordinary bearing chairs in one piece, so as to give
continuous support throughout, for the entire length of the block or piece, to
both the wing and point rails, thereby ensuring an exceedingly strong, simple,
and durable crossing. By this arrangement or construction of support for the
points or crossings no bolt or fastening will be required beyond the usual
wooden keys to hold down the rails or secure the chairs. The forms of rails
used are of the ordinary kind, as are also the forms of the chairs to suit them.
The Invention may be carried out in various ways, and the mode of fitting or
securing the rails in the chairs may to some extent be left to the discretion of
the engineer of the line, provided the essential feature of the Invention be
retained. We would also observe, that either iron or steel rails,. or iron rails
with steel points, may be used.
In carrying out the Invention the block chairs are cast solid with and form
a portion of the filling pieces between the wing and point rails. The casting
is cored out to receive the point rails, which are fitted into it and are supported

page_text: under flanges by it. The wing rails are also supported under flanges by it,
and are kept in their position laterally by wooden keys in the ordinary manner.
No bolts, nuts, or cottars are required. Our Invention is applicable to all
crossings made of single bars, whether of steel or iron.
In some instances where a cast-steel point is made use of and the rails are
carried through only so far as to butt against the hinder end of that point, a
cottar or bolt is used to keep the rails in close contact with the point piece;
this cottar is kept by the wing rails from shaking or working out of its place.
These crossings combine all the advantages to be met with in other crossings
without any of the disadvantages for the following reasons, viz., rolled cast-
steel rails may be used which, when embedded in the block chair, are perfectly
solid. Either of the wing rails or V part may be removed and replaced in a
few minutes by a plate layer, when requisite, without the necessity of taking
up the crossing or incurring the expense of a new one; they are made the
full length of ordinary crossings and are thus less liable to breakage than short
ones; they are exceedingly simple, durable, and safe; the first cost is not
beyond that of an ordinary crossing, and afterwards any portion may be
replaced at little more than the cost of the rails.
In the accompanying Drawings we have shewn various forms or arrange-
ments of parts whereby the object of our Invention may be effected.
In Sheet I. Fig. 1 is a plan view, and Fig. 2 a side elevation, of one mode
of carrying out our Invention as applied to the double-headed rail; Figures 3,
4, 5, 6, 7, and 8, are cross sections of the same taken at different points,
marked on the plan view, Fig. 1, at A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L,
respectively. At G, H, the chair, at the heel of the rails, is made double, but
is of the ordinary kind; the block chairs A, B, C, D, E, F, are cast solid
and form a portion of the filling piece a, a, a. The cross sections, at Figures 7
and 8, I, J, and K, L, are taken at points between the bearings, and shew the
filling pieces between the rails.
Figures 9 and 10, Sheet II., represent in plan and side elevation a modi-
fication of the plan shewn in Sheet I.; Figures 11 and 12 represent in plan
and side elevation another modification, of which Figures 18 and 14 are cross
sections taken respectively in the lines A, B, and C, D, of Fig. 11; Figures 15
and 16 represent another modification, of which Figures 17 and 18 are cross
sections taken respectively in the lines E, F, and G, H, of Fig. 15.
In Sheet III. Figures 19 and 20 are plan and side elevations of another
modification, and Figures 21 and 22 are cross sections of the same taken
respectively in the lines A, B, and C, D, of Fig. 19. In all these various
modifications the double-headed rail is supposed to be employed, and the main

page_text: difference between them consists in the form of the points and the mode of
combining these parts together.
In Sheet III. Fig. 28 is a plan view, and Fig. 24 a side elevation, shewing
the manner of adapting our Invention to a single-headed rail. In this instance,
also, the point 6 of the crossing is made of steel, and the rails c, c, are carried
only so far as to cause their ends to abut against the rear end of that point, as
seen in the plan view, Fig. 23. When these steel points are employed they
are not only secured to the wing rails by screws or bolts d, passed through
the tongue of the point, but they are further prevented from moving by means
of a cottar e, shewn by dots in Fig. 23. This mode of securing the parts by
means of a cottar is also applicable when separate iron points are used, as
shewn in Figures 15 and 18; Figures 25 and 26 represent cross sections of
the crossing shewn at Figures 23 and 24, taken respectively in the lines E, F,
and G, H, of Fig. 23.
Having now described our Invention of improved railway crossing, and
having explained the manner of carrying the same into effect, we claim as the
Invention secured to us by Letters Patent as aforesaid, forming or casting the
bearing chairs of railway crossings in one piece, as and for the purpose herein
set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Cammell, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Thirtieth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
5
Witness,
HENRY W. HUNT,
of 5, Barge Yard,
Bucklersbury,
London.
CHARLES CAMMELL. (L.B.)