IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ANVILS AND OTHER METAL ARTICLES REQUIRING HARD SURFACES
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Archibald Brooman, of 166, Fleet Street,
in the City of London, Patent Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ANVILS AND OTHER METAL ARTICLES REQUIRING
HARD SURFACES."-A communication from abroad by Louis Jules
Duhesme, Alexandre Rey, and Ernest Muaux, all of Boutancourt,
France.
Sealed the 21st July 1868, and dated the 24th January 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Archibald Brooman
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th January 1863.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ANVILS AND OTHER METAL ARTICLES
REQUIRING HARD SURFACES," to be as follows:-
The manufacture of anvils by the processes hitherto in use possesses great
inconveniences. The steel table is often fixed in a defective manner to the
iron which forms the rest of the anvil, and the anvils soon require repair or
become altogether useless; they are besides very costly. The object of this
Invention is to overcome these defects.
The Invention consists, first, in manufacturing anvils by the direct super-
position during casting of two metals united so as to form one body; secondly,

page_text: in the substitution of casting for forging in the manufacture of anvils, thereby
diminishing in a great measure both hand labour and expense.
In a frame composed of two parts properly adjusted I form the mould, and
black it with charcoal. There is nothing particular in this operation, and any
of the ordinary methods will answer. At the time of casting, the mould is
arranged so that the surface, which is the counterpart of the table of the anvil,
is at the bottom, where it rests on a plate of iron. To form the table of the
anvil I first run into the mould molten cast steel up to a point varying
according the required thickness of the table. This operation should be done
quickly; then before the running in of the steel is stopped, but when the
thickness of the steel is such as has been previously determined upon, I run
molten iron into the mould through another aperture at that point to which
the thickness of the table reaches. The two metals are run in together until
the surface of the mass has attained a certain height; then the running in
of the steel is stopped, while the iron is continued to be run in until the mould
is filled. When the anvil bas become tractable and sufficiently solid I remove
it from the mould, and avail myself of the heat it still retains to submit it to
the subsequent stages of the manufacture, but generally I subject it to a forge
fire heated with coal and aided by a powerful blast, whereby the table is
quickly brought to a red heat; I then hammer the table to render it compact
and homogeneous; it is afterwards dressed or smoothened in the usual way.
For the purpose of tempering I place the anvil again on the fire, and heat it
to a greater degree if possible than before, and then temper it by any ordinary
process; instead of employing ordinary cast iron, as before stated, I sometimes
use malleable cast iron or Bessemer iron.
The process herein-before described applies to the manufacture of all
metallic articles requiring hard surfaces.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Richard Archibald Brooman in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 23rd July 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RICHARD
ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent
Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-sixth year of Her

page_text: reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Richard Archibald Brooman, Her special licence that I, the said
Richard Archibald Brooman, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ANVILS
AND OTHER METAL ARTICLES REQUIRING HARD SURFACES," (communicated to me
from abroad by Louis Jules Duhesme, Alexandre Rey, and Ernest Muaux,
all of Boutancourt, France,) upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said Richard Archibald Brooman, my executors, or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings
hereunto annexed, that is to say :-
The manufacture of anvils by the processes hitherto in use possesses great
inconveniences. The steel table is often fixed in a defective manner to the
iron which forms the remaining part of the anvil, and the anvils soon require
repair or become altogether useless; they are besides very costly. The object
of this Invention is to overcome these defects.
The Invention consist, first, in manufacturing anvils by the direct super-
position during casting of two metals united so as to form one body; secondly,
in the substitution of casting for forging in the manufacture of anvils, thereby
diminishing in a great measure both hand labor and expense.
In a frame composed of two parts M, M', (see the accompanying Drawing)
properly adjusted I form the mould, and black it with charcoal. There is
nothing particular in this operation, and any of the ordinary methods will
At the time of casting, the mould is arranged so that the surface,
which is the counterpart of the table of the anvil, is at the bottom, where
it rests on a plate of iron A. To form the table of the anvil I first run into
the mould E by the aperture B molten cast steel up to the point C, which
answer.

page_text: point will vary according to the required thickness of the table. This
operation should be effected quickly; then before the running in of the
steel is stopped, but when the thickness of the steel is such as has been pre-
viously determined upon, I run molten iron into the mould through another
aperture B' at that point to which the thickness of the table reaches. The
two metals are run in together until the surface of the mass has attained
a certain height; then the running in of the steel is stopped, while the
iron is continued to be run in until the mould is filled. When the anvil has
become tractable and sufficiently solid I remove it from the mould, and avail
myself of the heat it still retains to submit it to the subsequent stages of
the manufacture, but generally I subject it to a forge fire heated with coal
and aided by a powerful blast, whereby the table is quickly brought to a red
heat; I then hammer the table to render it compact and homogeneous; it
is afterwards dressed or smoothened in the usual way. For the purpose of
tempering I place the anvil again on the fire, and heat it to a greater degree
if possible than before, and then temper it by any ordinary process. Instead
of employing ordinary cast iron as before stated, I sometimes use malleable
cast iron or Bessemer iron.
The process herein-before described applies to the manufacture of all metal
articles requiring hard surfaces.
And having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim the manufacture
of anvils and other metal articles requiring hard surfaces by the direct super-
position during casting of two metals, substantially in manner herein-before
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-third day of July, One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.
R. A. BROOMAN. (L.S.)