IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PRE- PARING TO SPIN AND FOR SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Pooley, of the City of Manchester, Cotton
Spinner, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PRE-
PARING TO SPIN AND FOR SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS,"
Sealed the 15th November 1859, and dated the 7th June 1859.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Pooley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
June 1859.
I, CHARLES POOLEY, of the City of Manchester, Cotton Spinner, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR PREPARING TO SPIN AND FOR SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS,"
to be as follows:-
The first part of my Invention consists in an improved mode of supplying
the fibrous materials to and removing them from the opening machine com-
monly called the Oldham willow. The apparatus for feeding consists of a
creeper or endless belt, on to which the fibrous material is deposited, and
which, by means of self-acting mechanism, delivers a given quantity of fibrous
material at intervals to the opening machine. The fibrous material, after
being sufficiently operated upon, is removed by means of a fan-instead of
manual labour, as now customary.
The second part of my Invention consists in a self-acting combination of
machinery for stripping the main cylinder of carding engines, which operation
has hitherto generally been performed by hand. For effecting this object, I
[Price 8d 1

page_text: make use of a cross shaft with two or more excentrics on it, giving motion to
the strippers by which the main cylinder is cleaned, and to the pushers for
turning the cylinder slowly round; the same object can also be attained by
other arrangements of mechanism.
The third part of my Invention is applicable to the machines for spinning
called mules, and consists in the application of a third faller wire in addition
to the usual faller and counterfaller wires, which relieves the tension on the
thread between the faller wire and rollers, but increases it between the faller
and spindle, thereby enabling a firm cop to be built with soft or slightly-
twisted yarn.
Another part of my Invention consists in an improved mode of connecting
the fallers of two or more mules together when the mules are worked from
one headstock, or on the double-decker system. I effect this connection by
means of rods and shafting worked by racks and gear instead of, as formerly,
by links and wires.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Charles Pooley in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 6th
December 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
POOLEY, of the City of Manchester, Cotton Spinner, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-second year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Charles Pooley, Her special licence that I, the said Charles
Pooley, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said Charles Pooley, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention' for
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING TO SPIN AND FOR SPINNING COTTON
AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said Charles Pooley, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in

page_text: what mauner the same,was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Pooley, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement that is to say :-
The first part of my Invention consists in an improved mode of supplying
the fibrous materials to and removing them from the opening machine com-
monly called the Oldham willow. The apparatus for feeding consists of a
creeper or endless belt on to which the fibrous material is deposited, and
which by means of self-acting mechanism delivers a given quantity of
fibrous material at intervals to the opening machine. The fibrous material,
after being sufficiently operated upon, is removed by means of a fau instead
of manual labour as now customary.
For
The second part of my Invention consists in an improved self-acting
combination of machinery for stripping the main cylinder of carding engines,
which operation has hitherto generally been performed by hand.
effecting this object, I make use of a cross shaft with two or more eccentrics
on it, giving motion to the strippers by which the main cylinder is cleaned,
and to the pushers for turning the cylinder slowly round.
The third part of my Invention is applicable to the machines for spinning,
called mules, and consists in the application of a third faller wire in addition
to the usual faller and counterfaller wires, which third faller wire relieves
the tension on the yarn between the usual faller wire and the rollers, but
increases it between the faller wire and the spindles, thereby enabling a
firm cop to be built with soft or slightly twisted yarn.
Another part of any Invention consists in an improved mode of connecting
the fallers of two or more mules together, when the mules are worked from
one headstock, or on the double decker system. I effect this connection by
means of rods and shafting worked by racks and gear instead of as formerly
by links and wires.
And in order that my Invention may be fully understood and readily carried
into operation, I will proceed to describe the accompanying two Sheets of
Drawings, reference being had to the figures and letters marked thereon.
On Sheet, Fig. 1 is a sectional elevation of an opening machine, com-
monly called an Oldham willow, to which my improvements are applied;
Fig. 2 is another elevation taken from the back of the same machine. at is
the drum with spikes on its circumference as now customary, and b, the door

page_text: or moveable part of the casing which is hinged at c, and is provided with a
counterweight c¹, attached to a strap passing over the pulley c² in the usual
manner; dis a feeding creeper or endless belt on to which the fibrous material
is deposited and carried forward to the opener; to one end of the axle of the
drum a is fixed a small pulley a', which by a strap gives motion to the pulley a²;
on the boss of this pulley is a pinion gearing into the wheel a³, to which is
fixed the stud a4, and the scroll or cam a³. The stud a acts on the elbow
lever e, whose fulcrum is at e¹, and the longer arm of this elbow lever acts
upon the rod b¹, connected as usual to the door b. The cam as acts upon the
lower end of the lever f, the upper end of which is jointed to one end of the
rod; the other end of this rod is jointed to the lid f, and the link f³ of
the rod is jointed to the lid f4; both the lids f² and f* serve to open and
close the communication between the interior of the opener and the tube g,in
which a partial vacuum is formed by a fan or in any other convenientmanner.
The creeper d is put in motion by a pulley on the wheel a³, and a strap as
shewn in Fig. 2.
In Fig. 1 the door b is shewn open, and the lids fa and f* closed; and in
Fig. 2 these positions are supposed to be reversed, that is to say, the door bis
closed, and the lids f' and are open. The mode of operation is as follows:-
When the stud a' acts on the short end of the lever e, the long end thereof
acting on the rod 6 gradually opens the door b; the creeper d then brings
forward a portion of fibrous material and deposits it on the open door b,
which, as soon as the stud at has got beyond the end of the lever e, is closed
by the counterweight c¹; the fibrous material is now enclosed within the
casing, and is acted upon by the spikes on the drum a in the usual manner
until it is sufficiently opened, at which time the cam as acting on the lower
end of the lever f, pushes the rod f¹ and link f³ in the direction of the arrow
in Fig. 2, thereby opening the lids f2 and ₤4, and allowing the fibrous
material to be drawn into the tube I the partial vacuum in which produces
accurrent of air, which conveys the fibrous material to the room in which
the blowers are at work, or otherwise disposes of it.
It is evident that when the lids f2 and f' are opened to allow the fibrous
material to escape, the communication between the fan by which the dirt
is removed from the interior of the opener must be closed. By this means
a considerable saving in manual labour is effected, and the fibrous material
is more uniformly operated-upon than heretofore.
Fig. 3 is a sectional elevation of part of a carding engine, to which my
improvements are applied; Fig. 4 is a side view, and Fig. 5 a plan of the
same. h is the main cylinder; the doffer; h² the licker-in; and i, i, the

page_text: bends or part of the side framing; 7 is a cross shaft, supported, when workers
and clearers are used, in the bearings of one of the clearers, but any other
suitable bearings may be employed; the shaftj is made with two cranks, for
working the rods 2, fixed to the stripper k, and with two eccentrics 1³, for
working the rods, fixed to the pusher ; the stripper and pusher are both
covered with card teeth set in contrary directions, as shewn in Fig. 3, and the
stripper is suspended by links ³ to the cross rail . When the apparatus has
been applied to a carding engine, a slow rotary motion is given to the shaft,
by a strap passing over the pulley ³, which can be placed at either end of the
shaft. The pusher 1, acting on the cards of the main cylinder h, then gives a
slow rotary motion thereto in the direction of the arrow in Fig. 3, and at the
same time the stripper / cleans the fibres of cotton or other material, and the
impurities from between the teeth of the cards on the main cylinder. The object
of the links is to prevent the card teeth of the stripper entering too deep
into the teeth of the main cylinder during the back stroke. The apparatus is
perfectly self-acting, and is allowed to remain at work until the main cylinder
has performed one revolution, or longer if required. The fibres loosened by
the stripper accumulate in a fleece, as shewn by dots in Fig. 3, and when they
have been removed the apparatus is taken away and applied to another
carding engine. By this means a considerable saving in labor is effected, and
the stripping is more effectually performed than by hand, as now customary.
In Sheet 2, Fig. 6 is a sectional elevation of a mule carriage to which:
improvements are applied; Fig. 7 is a front elevation; Fig. 8, an end eleva-
tion; and Fig. 9, a plan of the same. m is the body of the mule carriage;
n, n, are the spindles; o is the counterfaller shaft ;, and o', the counterfaller
wire; p, the usual faller shaft; and p', the faller wire. The shafts o and p
vibrate as usual in the bearers m¹; q is the shaper plate; and q', q², and q³
are parts of the ordinary copping motion.
my
The parts above enumerated are common to the machines for spinning
know!, as Smith's self-actors; I wish, however, to observe, that my improve-
ments are applicable to mules of other descriptions. is the third falier.shaft;
andr, the third faller wire. The faller shaft noves in eyes in the levers,
which swivel on bushes cast to the bearers m¹; to the other end of the lever +2
is jointed the swivel 3, which receives its up-and-down motion from the
copping motion, in the following manner -The bowl at the end of the
vertical rod bears upon the shaper plate q, and the lower end of this rod has
a plate q³, which is guided by grooves in the bracket q²; the upper end of the
rod q'is connected in the usual manner to the faller shaft p, as shewn in
Fig. 8. To the plate q³ of the rod ql are fixed two studs, between which a

page_text: stud projecting from the double levers enters; this lever vibrates on a stud
fixed to the carriage, and the other end of the lever s is connected by the link s
to the swivel, above referred to. To the end of the swivel ³ is suspended
the link, which is jointed below to the lever rb, fixed to the shaft ; this
shaft extends the whole length of the carriage, and to it are fixed, at intervals,
other levers like, which, by means of links like 2, communicate motion to
the levers and faller shaft r. The full lines in Fig. 6 represent the fallers
in the positions they occupy when the carriage is running in, and when the
spindles are revolving slowly to wind on the yarn, indicated by the line t, on the
partly formed cops. The yarn passes over the counterfaller wire ', then
under the faller wire p', and then over the third faller wire 7, and thence to
the spindle, and the relative positions of these wires during the winding-on
remains the same or nearly the same from the commencement of building
a set of cops to its completion. By this means the tension or strain on the
yarn between the faller wires and the rollers is relieved, but it is increased
between the faller wire and the spindles, thereby enabling a firm cop to be
built with soft or slightly twisted yarn.
The dotted lines in Fig. 6 represent the positions of the faller wires when
the carriage is first going out, and the cops are nearly complete.
Fig. 10 is a plan of part of two pairs of mules, working on the double-
decker system, shewing a mode of applying the last part of my Invention.
v, v, v, v, are the frames of the four mule headstocks, and w, w, w¹, w¹,
are parts of the carriages belonging to the same. The fallers of the two
carriages are connected by the bevel pinions a, a, and shaft y, and the
fallers of the two carriages w¹ are connected by the pinions a¹ and shaft y'.
By this means a more positive motion is transmitted from one mule carriage
to the other than could be obtained by the links and wires hitherto employed.
I wish to remark that the same result may be produced by using spur
pinions fixed to the faller shafts, which pinions work in racks attached to
rods extending from one carriage to the other.
Having thus stated the nature of my Invention, and described the manner
of performing the same, I wish it to be understood that I do not limit or
restrict myself to the details given; but that what I claim is,-
First, the application of self-acting machinery for supplying fibrous
material to the opening machines called Oldham willows, as shewn and
described.
Secondly, the removing of fibrous materials after they have been operated
upon by the Oldham willow, by means of currents of air produced by a
partial vacuum, as described.

page_text: Thirdly, the improved combination of machinery shewn and described for
stripping the main cylinders of carding engines.
Fourthly, the application to mules of a third faller wire in addition to
the usual faller wires, for the purposes described.
And, lastly, the improved arrangement of machinery for connecting the
faller shafts of mules, working on the double-decker system, as shewn and
as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Pooley, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Third day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.
CHA. POOLEY. (L.S.)