IM- PROVEMENTS IN STABLES, COMPRISING THE MANGERS, STALL DIVISIONS, DRAINING AND VENTILATING APPARATUS, AND OTHER PARTS COMMONLY TERMED STABLE FITTINGS, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Foulkes Shillington and John Alexander
Hanna, both of Musgrave and Company, Limited, Ann Street Iron Works,
Belfast, Ireland, and 97, New Bond Street, London, for the Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN STABLES, COMPRISING THE MANGERS, STALL DIVISIONS,
DRAINING AND VENTILATING APPARATUS, AND OTHER PARTS COMMONLY TERMED
STABLE FITTINGS, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE FOR OTHER
PURPOSES."
Sealed the 20th September 1878, and dated the 29th March 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Foulkes Shillington
and John Alexander Hanna at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on
the 29th March 1878.
THOMAS FOULKES SHILLINGTON and JOHN ALEXANDER HANNA, both of
Musgrave and Company, Limited, Ann Street Iron Works, Belfast, Ireland, and
97, New Bond Street, London.
MANGERS, STALL DIVISIONS, DRAINING AND VENTILATING APPARATUS, AND OTHER
PARTS COMMONLY TERMED STABLE FITTINGS, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE
APPLICABLE FOR OTHER PURPOSES."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STABLES, COMPRISING THE
to drainage, ventilation, and otherwise, and comprises various improvements in the
This Invention is chiefly designed to improve the condition of stables with regard
devices or parts usually included under the term of "stable fittings."
drainage of stables, cowhouses, or other similar places. It may be made in cast or
According to the said Invention we provide a gutter or channel for the surface
wrought iron, or earthenware, or any other suitable material.
The surface of our improved gutter is of a hollow, curved, or flat form, having
longitudinal flutings or corrugations, upon the upper surface of which the bedding
lies, while the urine or other liquid passes down through the bedding and flows off
along the hollow portions of the flutings or corrugations. The section of the gutter
and the shape of the corrugations may be varied, and the upper surface of the cor-
(Price B1

page_text: rugations is roughened or notched by square or round projections, or other suitable
projections or sinkings, for affording a good foothold to the animals.
suitable foundation we form at each side a dovetail flange, which takes a firm hold
in the concrete or asphalt; but we may make the said gutters of earthen or
When these improved gutters are intended to be bedded into concrete or other
stone ware, and solid, to correspond with the brick pavement of the stable.
In another modification of our Invention we form our improved channel in two
parts, the upper part or cover being corrugated or fluted, as above described. This
for conveying away liquids flowing from the manger, water-pot, or other sources, the
upper part is fitted into a hollow channel or gutter, thereby forming a duct or tube
above described, being conveyed to a stench trap, whence it flows into the under-
liquid from the surface channels or gutters, as well as from the hollow or channel
which receives liquids collected by the gutters within the stable and conveys it into t
We may use any suitable stench trap, but our Invention comprises a stench trap
ground drains.
the underground drain.
which former Letters Patent were granted to James Musgrave, dated 25th September,
Our improved trap is somewhat similar in construction to the stench trap for
A.D. 1867, No. 2698. It is formed with a trap or pot, which receives the liquid
and conveys it into the main sewer by means of an air-tight nozzle; also with a
top frame with surface grating, the lower surface of the top frame having a deep
flange which dips into the fluid in the trap or pot and prevents any return of smell
or impure gases from the sewer.
In this improved stench trap we dispense with the deep flange, described in the
said former Specification as projecting from the bottom of the top frame, and cast
across the pot or trap a flange or diaphragm which dips below the water level in the
pot or trap and seals the trap against return gases. Into the trap or pot thus formed
we fit a moveable basket or receptacle for retaining sediment, and which almost fills
the entire body of the trap, the said basket having a handle for lifting it, and koles
in the sides for the escape of the water.
Our improvements in stable fittings also comprise separate compartments for hay,
corn, and water, all attached to or combined in one framework in the usual manner,
but instead of having the front edge next the horse running in a straight line across
the stall from side to side, and thereby projecting out from the wall a condsiderable
distance along its entire length, our improved fittings have very little or no projec
tion in the centre where the horse usually stands, but the front line recedes towards the
wall at the centre of the stall; thus the horse has ample room, and to a great extent
the usual projecting iron work on which he could injure himself is avoided.
To obviate the necessity for any projection in the centre or water compartment
to
access to the water. This water compartment may be of any convenient form, and
may be made to tip over for emptying, but we prefer to make it stationary, it of
provide for emptying it, as herein-after described. We also prefer to make it of
glazed earthenware inserted in an iron casing, either loose or fixed therein with
pot. We form a projecting nozzle on one side of the water pot or trough, as
suitable cement. This water compartment is applicable to any manger or water 4
close to the bottom as possible, and to this nozzle is pivoted by means of s
water-tight joint a bent tube rather longer than the depth of the water pot.
This tube is so pivoted that its extremity can be raised level with the top of the
pot, and when in this position the water cannot escape, but when it is turned down- 50
wards the water runs freely away into a receptacle below.
the
In positions where the space is limited we cast a small secondary chamber on
side of the water pot, and insert into the bottom of this secondary chamber *
vertical tube, rather longer than the depth of the water compartment, the top of
which is open, while the bottom fits into a water-tight joint or stuffing box. When 55
this tube is drawn up as high as the top of the water pot, the water cannot escape
but when pushed down so that its top is level with the bottom of the water po
វ

page_text: free exit is given to the water.
In the same manner a plug attached to the end
chamber be made large enough, the aforesaid bent tube may be fitted to work inside
of a vertical spindle may be used for running off the water; or if the secondary
it. The manger fittings may if desired be without any water compartment. The
à compartment may be made either of enamelled or plain iron, but we prefer to
make it with an earthenware lining inserted in an iron casing.
5 corn
Our improved stable fittings also comprise an improved tying or halter strap,
suitable for the ordinary iron manger fittings, which extend straight across the
stall, as well as for the improved manger fittings above described.
In the former case we make a short longitudinal slot in each end of the top
plate of the manger; through this slot the tying passes and extends horizontally
Po a bracket that supports the end of the manger and contains a roller. Over this
roller the tying passes and runs downward to a sinker or weight, and is attached
thereto by means of a thumbscrew, as described in the said former Specification.
The part of the tying which passes through the slot and runs over the roller
we make of cat-gut or tharm, either solid, plaited, or twisted in any suitable
manner; or of leather, chain, or rope, as heretofore. The upper end of the cat-gut
is fastened into a taper connecting link with a space inside it for a knot or screw
wedge, and the lower end passes through the sinker, and is fastened therein by
the aforesaid thumbscrew.
When making the tying for the manger included in our improved stable fittings,
we make it pass through the narrow central part of the top plate, and then down
a recess formed in the wall for the purpose of concealing the sinker weight. The
said recess is formed of iron in two halves, the outer half being so hinged to the
inner half as to be easily opened.
The front part of the top plate of our improved manger fitting when used for
loose boxes is so formed with a groove or recess as almost to conceal a round iron
bar, on which slides a brass ring for the attachment of the horse. The said ring
slides longitudinally and enables the horse, although tied up, to walk from one
side to the other side of the box.
According to our Invention we form the divisions between the horses called
stall divisions as follows, that is to say:-We use a heel post at the end in the
usual manner, but instead of making it round as heretofore, which form causes
an awkward projection into the stall on each side, we make the pillars flat-sided,
oval, or elliptical in section, keeping the flat sides next the stalls.
We also form the flat sides of these improved pillars with or without a vertical
hollow or groove on each side in which the pillar chains lie when not in use,
and the groove to receive the woodwork or stall division is sunk in the pillar,
thus avoiding the sharp edges of the mouldings which usually form the groove.
Part of the division between the horses we make hollow to form a passage for a
current of fresh air, which is introduced from the outside of the building, and
through this passage the air passes up vertically into the stable above the level of
is attached a regulating valve or door, which may be made to regulate the supply
of fresh air, either automatically or not as may be desired. This valve we hinge
and balance in such a manner that it will close by the action of the wind.

page_text: Seal Patent Office on the 28th September 1878.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Thomas Foulkes Shillington and John Alexander Hanna in the Great
Musgrave & Company, Limited, Ann Street Iron Works, Belfast, Ireland, and
THOMAS FOULKES SHILLINGTON and JOHN ALEXANDER HANNA, both of
MANGERS, STALL DIVISIONS, DRAINING AND VENTILATING APPARATUS, AND OTHER
PARTS COMMONLY TERMED STABLE FITTINGS, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE
This Invention is chiefly designed to improve the condition of stables with regard 1
to drainage, ventilation, and otherwise, and comprises various improvements in the
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STABLES, COMPRISING THE
97, New Bond Street, London.
APPLICABLE FOR OTHER PURPOSES."
devices or parts usually included under the term of stable fittings.
In the accompanying Drawings,-
Figures 1, 2, 4, and 6 are transverse sections, and Figures 3 and 5 are plans
illustrating various forms of our improved gutters.
line x, x*, Figure 8; and Figure 8 is a top view of the same, the top plate being
Figure 7 is a vertical section of our improved stench trap taken through the
partially removed to shew the interior.
Figure 9 shews a front view, and Figure 10 a plan of a manger, constructed
according to our said Invention, with hay and corn compartments.
Figure 11 is a front view, and Figure 12 a plan of a similar manger with the
addition of a central water compartment, to be recessed or sunk into the wall of
the stable. Figure 11 also shews an improved device for emptying the water
compartment, also tubes or recesses for receiving the tying strap, band, or chain,
and weights.
Figure 13 is a transverse section of the said tubes, shewing the same partly
embedded in the wall.
Figure 14 is a vertical section drawn to an enlarged scale through the line x, z,
Figure 10, shewing the manner of combining an earthenware trough or compart-
ment with an iron or other suitable metal casing.
Figure 15 is a vertical section of the nozzle and tube attached to one side of the
said water compartment or trough for emptying the same.
Figure 16 is a horizontal section, shewing a slightly modified form of the said
nozzle and tube attached to the trough and enclosed within a chamber.
13
20
30
Figure 17 is a vertical section of a secondary chamber and vertical tube for the 55
same purpose attached to the water trough or compartment.
Figures 18 and 19 shew two connecting links for the catgut or other materia
used for tying up or securing the horse or other animal; Figure 18 being adapted
for a screw wedge, and Figure 19 for a knot.
a horse thereto.
Figure 20 is a front view, and Figure 21 a plan of an ordinary iron manger
illustrating the manner of applying our improved devices for attaching or securing
a horse by means of a ring sliding upon a rod in a recess; Figure 24 also shewing
illustrate our improved method
an elevation of the partition designed to enclose the various parts of the manger
Figure 25 is a sectional plan of the said partition or enclosure.
Figure 26 being a side elevation of one of the said divisions; Figure 27 a vertical
Figures 26, 27, 28, and 29 illustrate our improvements in stall divisions;
section of the hollow part at the head of the division with the ventilator; Figure 2
a sectional plan on the line z, z, Figure 26, of the heel post, shewing the manner in
a sectional plan of the division through the line y, y, of Figure 26; and Figure 2,
which the said post is attached to the stall division.
Like letters indicate corresponding parts throughout the Drawings.
According to the said Invention
WA
channel for the surv

page_text: drainage of stables, cow houses, or other similar places. It may be made of cast or
wrought iron, as shewn in Figures 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, or of earthenware, as shewn in
Figure 1, or any other suitable material.
The surface of our improved gutter may be hollow, curved, or flat, having longi-
tudinal flutings or corrugations at a, upon which the bedding lies while the urine
or other liquid passes down through the bedding and flows off along the hollow
bortions a¹ of the flutings or corrugations. The section of the gutter and the shape
of the corrugations may be varied, and the upper surface of the corrugations is
roughened or notched by square or round projections, as shewn at c, or other
suitable projections or sinkings for affording a good foothold to the animals.
When these improved gutters are intended to be bedded into concrete or other
suitable foundation we form at each side a dovetail flange, as shewn at d, in
Figure 2, which extends the whole length of the gutter and takes a firm hold in
the concrete or asphalt; or we may make the said gutters of earthen or stone ware,
and solid, as shewn in Figure 1, to correspond with the brick pavement of the stable.
In another modification of our Invention we form our improved gutter or channel
in two parts (see Figure 6), the upper part or cover e being corrugated or fluted,
as above described. This upper part e is fitted into a hollow channel or gutter f,
thereby forming a duct or tube for conveying away liquids flowing from the manger,
water pot, or other sources, the liquids from the surface channels or gutters, as well
as from the hollow gutter or channel above described, being conveyed to a stench
trap, whence it flows into the under ground drains.
Gutters constructed according to our said Invention carry off very efficiently the
urine or other liquids, and do not present awkward depressions or recesses in the
floor of the stable like the open gutters as ordinarily used, in which the straw or
other bedding is trampled.
We may use any suitable stench trap with the said gutters, but our Invention
comprises a stench trap which receives liquids collected by the gutters within the
stable and conveys them into the under ground drain. Our improved trap is some-
what similar in construction to the stench trap for which former Letters Patent
were granted to James Musgrave, dated 25th September, A.D. 1867, No. 2698.
The stench trap therein described is formed with a trap or pot which receives the
liquid, and conveys it into the main sewer by means of an air-tight nozzle; also
with a top frame with surface grating, the lower surface of this top frame having a
deep flange or nozzle which dips into the fluid in the trap or pot and prevents any
return of smell or impure gases from the sewer.
In our improved stench trap as shewn in Figures 7 and 8, we dispense with the
deep flange or nozzle described in the said former Specification as projecting from
the bottom of the top frame, and we cast across the pot or trap g a flange or
diaphragm h which dips below the water level in the pot or trap, and seals the
trap against the return of gases.
The top frame is connected to the trap in
Into the trap or pot thus
such a manner that it may turn thereon to permit the former to be readily adjusted
to its place without removal from the trap, whatever may be the position which the
formed we fit a moveable basket or receptacle i for retaining sediment, and which
latter has to occupy to bring its nozzle over the sewer.
almost fills the entire body of the trap, the said basket having a handle for lifting
it, and holes in the sides and bottom for the escape of the water.
nected with gutters, and it may be used in other places where it is desirable to
prevent the escape of foul gases.
Our improvements in stable fittings also comprise separate compartments for hay,
corn, and water, all attached to or combined in one framework in the usual manner,
but instead of having the front edge next the horse extending in a straight line
from the wall a considerable distance along its entire length, our improved fittings
across the stall from side to side, as shown in Figure 21, and thereby projecting out
have very little or no projection in the centre where the horse usually stands, but
the front line recedes towards the wall at the centre of the stall, as shown at

page_text: Figures 9, 10, and 12; thus the horse has ample room, and to a great extent the
usual projecting iron work on which he could injure himself is avoided.
at h, k, in Figures 24 and 25, which protects and conceals the halter strap and
weight and water pipe below the manger. This partition conforms to the con
figuration of the manger, and the central portion c¹ forms a door.
described.
we recess this compartment into the wall as shewn in Figures 11 and 12, and form
To obviate the necessity for any projection of the centre or water compartment,
may be of any convenient form, and may be made to tip over for emptying, but we
a niche or recess above it to permit access to the water. This water compartment
prefer to make it stationary and to provide for emptying it as herein-after
We also prefer to make it of glazed earthenware inserted in an iron or
This casing is firmly fastened to the framework of the manger in the same manner
other suitable metal casing, either loose or fixed therein with suitable cement.
as the compartment shewn in Figure 14. This water compartment is applicable to
We form a projecting nozzle m as shewn in Figures 15
and 16 on one side of the water pot or trough (which is here shown as constructed
of iron) as close to the bottom as practicable, and to this nozzle is pivotted by
means of a water-tight joint a bent tube m² slightly longer than the depth of the
water pot. This tube is so pivotted that its extremity can be raised level with the
top of the pot as shewn in Figure 15, and when in this position the water cannot
but when it is turned downward as shewn in Figure 16, the water rung
freely away into a receptacle below and carries with it any grain or other solid
matter which may have collected in the trough l.
any manger or water pot.
escape,
In positions where the space is limited, instead of using the said nozzle and pipe
we cast a small secondary chamber n, Figure 17, on the side of the water pot I, and
insert into the bottom of this secondary chamber a vertical tube ¹ whose length
slightly exceeds the depth of the water compartment, the top of the said vertical
tube being open while the bottom fits into a water-tight joint or stuffing box n².
When this tube n¹ is drawn up as high as the top of the water pot the water
cannot escape, but when so pushed down that its top is level with the bottom of
the water pot free exit is given to the water.
to the end of a vertical spindle may be used for running off the water; or if the
In the same manner a plug attached
secondary chamber n be made large enough the aforesaid bent tube may be fitted
to work inside of the same, as shewn in Figure 16.
The manger fittings if desired may be without any water compartment, as shewn
in Figures 9 and 10. The corn compartment o may be made either of enamelled or
plain iron, but we prefer to make it with an earthenware lining inserted in an iron
casing, as shown in section in Figure 14.
Our improved stable fittings also comprise a tying or halter strap suitable for the 44
ordinary iron manger fittings which extend straight across the stall as well as for
the improved manger fittings above described.
In the former case we make a short longitudinal slot p, Figure 21, in each end of
the top plate q of the manger;
and it extends in a slanting direction to a bracket 21 (see Figure 20) that supports 45
of the manger; through this slot the tying strap or chain 7 passes,
the end of the manger and contains a roller 72; over this roller the tying strap of
hain passes and extends downwards to a sinker or weight 2, and is attached
hereto by means of a thumbscrew as described in the said former Specification.
The part of the tying strap or chain 7 which passes through the slot and runs
ver the roller 2 we make of catgut or tharm, either solid, plaited, or twisted in 50
ny suitable manner; or of plaited leather; or it may be made of leather, chain, or
ope, as heretofore. The upper end of the catgut or other strap is fastened in a
onnecting link (Figure 18), which is constructed as follows, that is to say,-In the
art we form a taper hole, with a screw thread cut therein. Into this taper
ole we insert a metal clip or split piece 75, whose inner surface is roughened or 35
dented, and into which is inserted the end of the catgut.
This clip has a screw
read on its outside to fit the said hole, and by screwing it into the same it is

page_text: 5
said thumbscrew.
compressed tightly on the catgut; or we may provide a connecting link, as shown
in Figure 19, with a space inside it for tying the catgut in a knot. The lower end
of the strap r passes through the sinker 3, and is fastened therein by the afore-
When making the tying strap or chain for the manger included in our
improved stable fittings we pass it through the narrow central part of the
top plate, and then down a recess or tube 2, Figures 11 and 13, formed in the
formed of iron, in two halves, the outer half being so hinged to the inner half as
wall for the purpose of concealing the sinker weight 3. The recess or tube 2 is
10 to be easily opened to provide access to the sinkers and straps.
The front part of the top plate j¹ of our improved manger fittings when used for
loose boxes is formed with a groove or recess 3, see Figures 22 and 24, which
partially conceals a round metal bar jt, whereon slides a brass or other ring j for
the attachment of the horse. The said ring slides longitudinally, and allows the
15 horse, although tied up, to walk from one side to the other side of the box.
which are ordinarily termed stall divisions, as follows, that is to say,-We use a
According to our Invention we form the divisions that separate the horses, and
heel post s at the end in the usual manner, but instead of making it round, as
heretofore, which formation causes an awkward projection into the stall on each
side, we make the said post oval or elliptical, as shewn in section in Figures 28
29, or of other suitable sectional form of contracted width, which without
impairing the strength of the post will project but slightly at the sides of the
divisions.
We also form the sides of these improved posts or pillars, with or without
a vertical hollow or groove s¹, Figure 26, on each side, in which groove the pillar
chains lie when not in use; and the groove to receive the woodwork or stall
division is sunk in the pillar, as shewn at s², Figure 29, thus avoiding the sharp
edges of the mouldings, which usually form the groove.
The head part of the division between the horses we make hollow, as shown in
0 Figure 27 and at s³, in sectional plan in Figure 28, to form a passage for a current of
fresh air, which is introduced from the outside of the building; and through this
passage the air passes up vertically into the stable above the level of the horses'
head for the purpose of ventilation.
The vertical bars 84 forming the upper part of the stall division may be con-
tinued around each side of the ventilating chamber 83 to preserve the appearance at
that part of the division of the alternate bars and open spaces existing from the
said chamber to the foot of the division. To this hollow ventilating chamber is
attached a regulating valve or doort similar to the well known " Arnott " ventilator,
which may be made to regulate the supply of fresh air either automatically or from
the outside by means of a key actuating a small lever t¹ communicating with the
ventilator. This valve we hinge and balance in such a manner that it will close
by the action of the wind.
Having thus fully described our said Invention, and the manner of performing
the same, we wish it understood that we claim,-
First. The improved gutters provided with corrugated or fluted surfaces, and
either with or without dovetail flanges, as and for the purpose specified.
Second. A stench trap, in which are combined the top frame and grating, the
seal the trap against returning gases, and the basket, all as above described.
proper place whatever may be the position of the trap, the flange or diaphragm to
Third. A manger constructed with a separate compartment at each end for hay
and corn, and with the front edge of the frame or top plate curved inwardly at the
centre, and either with or without the central recessed trough or compartment for
water, as above described.
Fourth. The improved devices for emptying the water compartment or trough,
as described and as shewn in Figures 15, 16, and 17 of the Drawings.

page_text: glazed earthenware, and fitted into an iron or other suitable metal casing, as above
Fifth. A trough or compartment for water, corn, or the like, constructed of
described.
Sixth. The improved devices or arrangements for securing or
the Drawings.
attaching a horse
or other animal, as above described, and as shewn in Figures 18, 19, 20, and 21 of
Seventh. The means for securing or attaching a horse or other animal, and con-
manger, the said rod being furnished with a sliding ring, to which the strap or chain
is fastened, as above set forth, and as shewn in Figures 22, 23, and 24 of the
Drawings.
suitable sectional form of contracted width, for the purpose specified, and either
Eighth. A heel post or pillar for a stall divison made of oval, elliptical, or other
with or without the vertical groove to receive the chain, as above described.
Ninth. A stall division or partition constructed with a hollow part at the head
to provide for ventilation, and which may be either with or without the valve for
regulating the supply of air to the stables, as above set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Foulkes Shillington, for myself and
AND on behalf of the said John Alexander Hanna, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Twenty-seventh day of September, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.
Witness,
H. H. LAKE,
8, Southampton Buildings,
London.
THOS. F. SHILLINGTON. (L.S.)