Pressure to Water for Extinguishing Fires and for other Purposes.
Year: 1886

page_text: Pressure to Water for Extinguishing Fires and for other
Purposes.
I, MOZART VINNING of 33 Alexandra Road, Hornsey, in the County of Middlesex,
Retired Assistant Paymaster Royal Navy, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates chiefly to fire extinguishing apparatus of the class described
in the Specification of former Letters Patent granted to me and dated December 15th
1884 No. 16481.
In the apparatus described in the said former Specification the compressed air is
contained in a single vessel, so that in case of leakage, the whole of the pressure is
liable to escape; also if the compressed air was in direct contact with the water when
the appartus was not used for a considerable time, the pressure of the air was liable
to be reduced owing to leakage in the mains.
The chief object of my invention is to obviate these defects, and to this end it
comprises the improvements hereinafter described.
According to my present invention the compressed air instead of being contained
in a single vessel is contained in several cylinders, tubes, bottles or the like preferably
of steel or iron of moderate size and of great strength to enable them to be
charged with compressed air or gas at high pressure say from 2000 to 3000 lbs. on
square inch.
the
It is not necessary to charge the vessels to such a high pressure as just mentioned
but it is preferable.
I connect these cylinders, tubes or bottles together so as to form practically one
vessel for purposes of application. Stop cocks or the like are placed at the outlet of
the several cylinders or bottles so that each separate cylinder can be detached and
removed in case of damage or leakage or for the purpose of being recharged with
compressed air, leaving the rest of the cylinders or bottles standing charged and

page_text: interconnected. By this arrangement the separate vessels, being light and portable,
can be dispatched to a distance to be recharged in case an air or gas compressing
pump and suitable power is not at hand.
When I use air or gas at a higher pressure than the mains are adapted to with-
stand, I find it necessary to employ a reducing valve or valves in order to avoid the
liability of the mains bursting. I may employ any ordinary reducing valve for this
purpose, but I prefer to use the valve hereinafter described.
The chamber of the said valve is hollow and is made in two parts which are
preferably united by means of flanges and bolts. Between these flanges is clamped
the edge of a disc or diaphragm of corrugated metal or other flexible material capable
of a certain amount of upward and downward movement owing to pressure above or
below the same.
To the centre of this diaphragm on its underside is arranged a stem, to the free end
of which is secured a valve of smaller area than the diaphragm and adapted to bear
against a seat and to open outwards. A space below the valve communicates with
the air reservoir while an outlet above the valve communicates with the enclosed
water tank or vessel. A spring is sometimes arranged below the valve to press it
towards its seat. The valve is operated by means of compressed air or gas in the
enclosed space above the diaphragm.
The compressed air or gas is introduced into the space above the diaphragm
from the space below the valve through a channel in the casing or a pipe outside the
same. Suitable cocks and a gauge are provided to enable the required pressure to be
obtained.
By admitting compressed air or gas to the upper part of the chamber till a certain
desired pressure, say 100 lbs. is reached, and then firmly closing the cock, a balancing
pressure on the stem, and valve is obtained, which regulates the supply of working
pressure passing the valve; the relative areas of the valve and diaphragm being
properly proportioned.
For strengthening or stiffening the diaphragm without altering its initial elasticity,
I place one or more additional diaphragms above and below the main diaphragm, so
that the latter shall touch or be supported by them or by attachments thereto after a
certain extent of upward or downward movement. The upper additional diaphragm
or diaphragms is or are perforated with small holes for the passage of air, and the
lower additional diaphragm or diaphragms with an aperture or apertures for the
passage of the valve stem.
In some cases I provide for producing the required pressure above the diaphragm
by mechanical means. For this purposo I arrange a piston within the upper chamber.
This piston is secured hermetically to the lower end of a corrugated longituinally
extensible cylinder the upper edge of which is hermetically secured to the casing.
The space below this piston is filled with water so that by moving the piston
downwards the water is displaced and compresses the air around the corrugated
cylinder to the degree required to produce the necessary pressure upon the
diaphragm.
To obtain a great extension of the corrugated cylinder, whilst retaining stiffness
against external pressure, I sometimes make small incisions on the outer and inner
curves of the corrugations, and I enclose the corrugated cylinder in an india rubber
or other elastic cover or bag which from the external pressure adapts itself to the
form and shape of the corrugated cylinder and forms an air tight chamber.
When the elastic cover or bag is used I can substitute a spiral spring for the
corrugated cylinder. Spiral or other springs can also be used in combination with
the corrugated cylinder.
To prevent the compressed air or gas from mingling with the water and being
absorbed or carried away in suspension into the mains, when leakage and loss of
pressure through the substance of the mains, especially if of cast iron, or through the
joints, and other inconveniences are likely to arise, I arrango at the junction of the
air pipe with the high pressure water vessel or tank a small separating chamber which
is generally an enlargement of the termination of the air pipe. This chamber is

page_text: connected at its base by a flanged joint with the water tank and has within it, so as to
form a partition between the air and the water, an elastic diaphragm, preferably of
india rubber, hanging more or less loosely and secured at its outer edge. On the
filling of the water vessel the water lifts the diaphragm, but on the admission of
compressed air, the diaphragm is distended and the pressure is at once placed on the
water and mains, without the air mingling with the water. On a fire cock being
opened and water drawn from the mains the hanging diaphgram will fall or bo
distended to its limit, and (in the case of a rubber diaphragm) then burst owing to
the downward pressure, thus admitting the air freely to the water vessel.
1 lead a separate pipe controlled by a stop cock from the upper or air division of
the separating chamber to the lower or water division for introducing the pressure
into the water vessel if it is desired to use the system for drill, without breaking the
rubber diaphragm.
I sometimes arrange a small check valve in connection with the diaphragm for the
escape of air when the water vessel is being filled.
In a modification of my separating chamber, I use, instead of a loose india-rubber
diaphragm, an expanding cylinder, either of corrugated metal alone, or one composed
of corrugated metal or a suitable spiral spring covered or lined with an elastic
material preferably india rubber as herein before described. In the bottom plate
closing this expanding cylinder, I place a check valve, if required; and I sometimes
fix within the water vessel a suitable stop which, on the cylinder expanding to a
certain point on the withdrawal of water from the main, shall lift the check valve and
so admit the compressed air or gas to the water vessel; or I effect this end by suitable
mechanical means above the bottom plate and within the expanding cylinder or
separating chamber.
I have found that when at rest reducing valves frequently allow a greater pressure
of air or gas to pass than would take place were they in operation or than is desirable,
which extra pressure upon the mains is liable to damage the same.
In order to neutralize this tendency or to reduce the standing pressure on the
water vessels and mains in other cases, I place at or near the junction of the air pipe
with the water vessel, a chamber containing a diaphragm or from which depends an
expanding cylinder of the kind herein before described, which shall give sufficient
elongation, with resistance to internal and external pressure for the purpose in view,
the bottom of which cylinder is closed by a base plate retaining the air from contact
with the water. Acting on this base plate in an upward direction and against the air
pressure, either by means of the spiral spring or additional springs or weights and
levers, is a pressure proportionate to the pressure which it is desired to neutralize
whilst the system is at rest. On the drawing off however of a small portion of water
from the mains the cylinder is elongated until its extension to a certain point opens a
valve and permits the air, which by this time has become reduced to the working
pressure, to act freely on the water.
To prevent any possibility of failure on the part of the reducing valves, I sometimes
place a supplementary extension cylinder in connection with the air pipe, the said
cylinder being so arranged as to operate a valve, on the admission of any abnormally
high pressure, to more or less close the passage to the water vessel and to reopen it.
on the falling of the pressure to the working point.
Although I have described my improvements as arranged in connection with the
mains of a system of fire extinguishing apparatus, it is to be understood that the said
apparatus may be used for storing and regulating or controlling the flow of gases or
fluids for other purposes.
Dibi ocak.....
Von 100R
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: Improvements relating to Apparatus for Facilitating the Use of
other Gases or Vapours for Imparting
Compressed Air or
Pressure to Water for Extinguising Fires and for
Purposes.
other
I, MOZART VINNING, of 33 Alexandra Road, Hornsey, in the County of Middlesex,
Retired Assistant Paymaster, Royal Navy, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly.
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to apparatus chiefly designed to facilitate the use of compressed
air or other gases for imparting pressure to water in mains or pipes for extinguishing
fire. My improved apparatus is, however, applicable for other purposes.
The main object of my said invention is to improve the construction and increase
the efficiency of fire-extinguishing apparatus of the kind or class described in
the Specification of former Letters Patent granted to ine and dated December 15th,
1884, No. 16,481.
In the accompanying drawings,
Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating the general arrangement of my improved fire-
extinguishing apparatus.
Figure 2 is a vertical central saction of a reducing valve hereinafter described.
Figure 3 is a vertical central section showing a modification of my reducing
valve.
Figure 4 is a vertical central section, illustrating a means of facilitating the extension
of a corrugated cylinder as, and for the purposes hereinafter described.
Figure 5 is a vertical central section, showing a device for keeping the air out of
contact with the water until a small volume of water is drawn from the tanks and
mains.
Figure 6 is a vertical central section, illustrating a modified form of the device shown
in Figure 5.
Figure 7 is a vertical central section of an automatic valve hereinafter described.
Like letters indicate corresponding parts throughout the drawings.
a, a are hollow cylindrical chambers or bottles which are formed of metal, pre-
ferably steel or iron, and which must be of great strength. These cylinders or
chambers are to be charged with compressed air or gas at a high pressure. The said
cylinders or chambers are connected by pipes b so as to form practically one vessel or
chamber. Stop cocks or valves are, by preference, placed at the outlets of the several
cylinders or chambers, as at c, so that either cylinder or chamber can be detached and
removed, for repair in case of damage or leakage, or for the purpose of being
recharged with compressed air, without affecting the whole of the other cylinders or
chambers, which may remain charged and interconnected. By this arrangement, the

page_text: separate cylinders or chambers, if made light and portable, can be dispatched to a
distance to be recharged, should an air or gas compressing pump and suitable power
not be at hand. The cylinders may, if desired, be connected to form practically one
vessel without the stop cocks or valves.
d is the water tank or reservoir and d' is the main for conducting the water there-
from. e el are pipes for conducting the compressed air from the cylinders or
chambers a to the tank d. f is a stop-valve for shutting off the air from the
water-tank.
When I use air or gas at a higher pressure than the water-mains are adapted to
withstand, I find it necessary to employ a reducing valve or valves, in order to diminish
the pressure in the mains and thus avoid liability to leakage or bursting of the mains.
By this means, moreover, I am enabled to maintain a constant, or nearly constant,
though diminished pressure in the mains notwithstanding the continuous decrease of
pressure in the cylinders or chambers a. I arrange this valve at any suitable point
between the cylinders or chambers a and the tank d, for example at g, as shown in the
drawing. I may employ any ordinary reducing valve for this purpose. 1 prefer,
however, to use such as are hereinafter described.
Suitable cocks and gauges are provided to permit the proper regulation or control
of the apparatus.
One form of my reducing valve is shown in Figure 2. The chamber or casingh of
the said valve is made in two parts which are united by means of flanges hand
suitable screw-bolts. Between these flanges is clamped the edge of a disc or
diaphragm i of corrugated metal or other flexible material and capable of a certain
amount of upward and downward movement when pressure is applied thereto. To
the centre of this diaphragm on its underside is attached the stem of a valve j
adapted to bear against a seat and to open outwards. A Space below the valve
communicates with the air reservoirs or cylinders a, while an futlet above the valve
communicates with the water-tank d. A spring j³ is sometimes arranged below the
valve to press the same against its scat. The valve is operated by means of
compressed air or gas introduced by the means hereinafter described, into the
enclosed spaco above the diaphragm which may, if desired, be partially filled with
water.
To provide for strengthening or stiffening the diaphragm without altering its initial
elasticity, I sometimes place one or more supplementary or auxiliary diaphragms above
and below the main diaphragm, so that the latter shall touch or be supported by either
of the said supplementary diaphragms or by attachments thereto, after it has moved a
certain distance upward or downward. These supplementary diaphragms are
perforated to permit the passage of air through them, and the lower diaphragm is
formed with an aperture for the passage of the valve-stem.
I provide for producing the required pressure above the diaphragm by mechanical
means. For this purpose, I sometimes employ an extensible cylinder arranged within
the space above the diaphragm and hermetically closed at its lower end (a screw or
other suitable device being provided for extending the said cylinder.
In Figure 3, I have shown part of a reducing-valve which has arranged within the
space above the diaphragma corrugated longitudinally extensible cylinder m, tho
upper edge of which is hermetically secured to the casing at m' and the lower end of
which is hermetically closed. The space above the diaphragm i is partially filled with
water, so that, by extending or expanding the said cylinder downwards, the water will
be displaced, and the air around the corrugated cylinder compressed, the necessary.
pressure upon the diaphragm can thus be produced. The expansion or contraction of
the cylinder m is effected by means of a screw-threaded rod m² bearing at its lower
end on the bottom of the cylinder and passing through a screw-threaded aperture in a
fixed support m³ above the said cylinder.
To obtain the required extensibility of the corrugated cylinder, whilst retaining the
requisite stiffness and resistance to external pressure, I sometimes make small incisions
or slots in the outer and inner curves of the corrugations as indicated at m*, m³ in
Figure 4 and I enclose the corrugated cylinder in an india-rubber or other elastic

page_text: cover or bag, which, when subjected to external pressure, will adapt itself to the form
of the corrugated cylinder and form therewith an air-tight expansible or extensible
cylinder.
When the above described elastic cover or bag is used, I can substitute a spiral
spring for the corrugated cylinder. One or more spiral or other springs, may,
moreover, be used in combination with the corrugated cylinder if desired.
I sometimes use a small air-pump designed to be attached to the reducing valve for
forcing air into the space above the diaphragm to form the necessary spring or cushion
therein as in Figure 2, in which n is the air-pump. This pump is arranged to force
air into the space above the diaphragm i through the passage in the casing h, and a
"jam-valve "o is provided at the inlet to ensure the retention of the compressed air in
the said space. This arrangement affords the advantage over that class of reducing
valve in which the air cushion is derived from a high pressure air-reservoir and admitted
directly by a pipe provided with stop-cocks or "jam-valves," that it precludes the
possibility of an unintended or accidental rush of compressed air from the said reservoir
into the space above the diaphragm, either by reason of the turning of the admission
cocks too full on, or of leakage through the cocks or valves whilst the apparatus is
standing, under pressure, the result of which might be the subjection of the water-
vessel and mains to a higher pressure than they could stand.
By introducing compressed air or gas to the upper part of the chamber till a certain
desired pressure, say 100 lbs., is reached and then firmly closing the jam-valve, a balancing
pressure on the stem and valve is obtained which regulates the supply of air under
the working pressure passing through the valve, the relative areas of the valve and
diaphragm being properly proportioned. The cushion-pressure is indicated by a
gauge not shown in drawing.
If it is desired to keep a high standing pressure on the water mains for any length
of time, I provide for preventing the mingling of the compressed air with the water
and its consequent absorption and carrying away in suspension into the mains, which
would be liable to cause leakage and loss of pressure through the substance of the
mains (especially if of cast iron) or through the joints, and other inconveniences.
For this purpose, I arrange at the junction of the air-pipe el with the water tank d
what I term a separating chamber, as shown for example at p in Figure 5. This
chamber is connected at its base by a flanged joint with the water-tank d and bas
within it, so as to form a partition between the air and the water, a diaphragm p',
preferably of india-rubber, hanging more or less loosely and secured at its outer edge
between suitable flanges. On the filling of the water-vessel, the water lifts the
diaphragm, but, on the admission of compressed air to the chamber p above the
diaphragm, the said diaphragm distended downwards and the pressure is at once
placed on the water in the tank and mains without the air being permitted to mingle
with the water. A perforated plate p² is provided which extends across the inlet of
the separating chamber p, the holes in the said plate being large enough to freely
admit the compressed air but not large enough to permit the diaphragm to be driven
into them by the upward pressure of the water before the air pressure is applied.
When any of the fire-cocks connected with the mains are opened and water is drawn
from the mains, the hanging diaphragm will be distended to its limit, and will then
be burst by the downward pressure, thus admitting the air freely into the water-tank
as the water is displaced therefrom.
I prefer to connect the space above the diaphragm in the chamber p with the water-
tank by a pipe q provided with a stop-cock or "jam-valve" at q¹. By these means, if
it is desired to use the system for drill, the compressed air may be introduced into the
water-tank, without breaking the india-rubber diaphragm. At the junction of the
pipe with the water tank or at the upper part of the said tank, I sometimes place a
small float-valve so constructed that it will permit the escape of air from the water-
tank whilst the latter is being filled with water, but will close by floatation, when the
said tank is full, and thus prevent the entrance of water into the chamber p.
I sometimes arrange a sina'l check-valve in connection with the diaphragm for the
escape of air when the water vessel is being filled, but, in most cases, this is best

page_text: provided for by an ordinary pet-cock at the top of the water-vessel, which cock is also
used for occasionally permitting the escape of any atmospheric air which may
accumulate in the water-vessel.
Instead of using a loose india-rubber diaphragm for separating the air from the
water, I sometimes employ a piston working in a cylinder and acted upon by a
spring, or an expanding or extensible cylinder, (with or without a spring or springs)
such as
hereinbefore described, formed of corrugated metal with or without incisions
in the outer and inner curves and covered or lined, if necessary, with elastic material
preferably india-rubber; or I use a suitable spiral spring covered as above described.
In Figure 6, I have shown a corrugated extensible cylinder arranged within the
chamber P. At the bottom of this cylinder, I place a check-valve, if required, and
I fix within the water-vessel a suitable stop which, when the cylinder expands to a
certain point on the withdrawal of water from the main, will lift the check-valve, and
thus admit the compressed air to the water-vessel; or I effect this end by other
suitable mechanical devices arranged above the bottom plate and within the expanding
cylinder or separating chamber.
I have found that, when at rest, reducing valves frequently allow a greater pressure
of air to accumulate in the vessels or pipes with which they are connected than would
take place were they in operation, or than is desirable, which extra pressure upon
the mains is liable to damage the same. In order to neutralize this tendency, or, in
other cases, to reduce the standing pressure on the water vesssels and mains, I place
at or near the junction of the air-pipe with the water-vessel, a chamber which is
practically a modification of my separating chamber containing a diaphragm or from
which depends an expanding cylinder of the kind hereinbefore described, which will
give sufficient elongation, with resistance to internal and external pressure, for the
purpose in view. To provide a pressure on this base-plate in an upward direction
proportionate to the pressure which it is desired to neutralize whilst the system is at
rest I employ a spiral spring s Figure 6, or other suitable springs or weights and
levers, or the said upward pressure may be obtained by making the corrugated
cylinder of sufficient strength for the purpose. On the drawing off of a small portion
of water from the mains, the cylinder is elongated until its extension to a certain point
causes the opening of the valve and permits the air (which by this time has become
reduced to the working pressure) to act freely on the water.
As a safe-guard against the possibility of any failure of action on the part of the
reducing valve causing too high a pressure to operate on the water-vessel, I provide
means whereby the pipe or passage will be closed when a given pressure is attained
therein, and will be automatically opened as soon as the pressure is again diminished.
I sometimes employ for this purpose an automatic valve such as that shown in Figure 7
in connection with the air-pipe e. This automatic valve comprises a corrugated
expansible cylinder t arranged to operate a valve t¹ by means of a lever to close the
passage to the water vessel on the admission of any abnormally high pressure and
reopen it on the falling of pressure to the working point. The said cylinder may be
provided with a spring or springs as hereinbefore described. Moreover, instead of the
said extensible cylinder t, a diaphragm or a piston working in a cylinder and acted
upon by a spring may be employed for operating the valve .
At the base of the water-vessel, I sometimes place a large float-valve for instance
at 2 Figure 1 of the usual or any suitable construction, which shall drop, on the
expulsion of the water, and prevent the compressed air passing into the mains.
Although I have described my improvements as arranged in connection with the
mains of a system of fire-extinguishing apparatus, it is to be understood that the said
apparatus may be used for storing and regulating or controlling the flow of gases or
fluids for other purposes. Also that other gases than air may be compressed into the
cylinders or chambers a.
Having described the various improvements in my system of applying immediate high
pressure to firearms, I will now briefly describe the operation of the system as a whole.
The cylinders, bottles or chambers a (Figure 1) are charged with compressed air

page_text: to say 350 lbs. pressure per square inch by means of small steel bottles charged
to 1500 lbs. or 2000 lbs. per square inch and temporarily connected with the inlet a²
which is provided with a jam-valve, or by means of an air-pump worked by any
suitable power, or by any other convenient means. The air under pressure passes
through the jam-valve or stop-cock a³, which is locked open, into the pipe e and
valve-box where it is arrested by a check-valve within the said valve-box, the
pressure being indicated by the gauge u above. This valve-box with its accompanying
reducing valve g is placed in a convenient position for easy access in case of fire.
On an emergency, the valve is opened by means of a lever or hand-wheel and
the compressed air passes into the reducing valve g. This reducing valve, having
had its operating cushion raised to the desired pressure say 100 lbs. per square inch,
which is indicated by the gauge u', reduces the pressure of the air to the point
(say 98 lbs., dependent on the proportionate sizes of the valve and diaphragm) at
which the reducing valvo has been regulated to work. This working pressure is
indicated by a gauge u². The air under the reduced pressure passes through the
pipe el into the water-vessel and operates on the water.
The
An ordinary safety-valve, or, in some cases, the special automatic valve herein
described, is arranged at vand a small float-valve so constructed that it will remain
closed under the upward floatation-pressure of the water, is provided at w.
admission of the compressed air opens this float-valve and the pressure operates on
the water in the water-vessel and mains, which is expelled at any fire-cock that may
be opened.
A larger float-valve having an action the reverse of the said small float-valve is, as
above stated, provided at d. This valve remains open by floatation until the water is
expelled from the water-vessel, when it falls on to its seating, and prevents the
passage of the compressed air into the mains.
I do not claim broadly a reducing valve having a flexible diaphragm attached to
the valve rod of an admission valve and so arranged that a variable pressure may be
applied to one side for the purpose of reducing the pressure of the gas to any required
pressure.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I wish it understood that I claim :-
First The combination, with one or more water tanks or reservoirs having mains
or pipes connected therewith for the purpose of extinguishing fire, of cylinders or
chambers for containing compressed air or other gas, connected by pipes and having
cocks or valves at the outlets substantially as described, so that either of the said
cylinders or chambers can be disconnected or removed without rendering the other
cylinders or chambers inoperative, as above specified.
Second The combination, with one or more water tanks or reservoirs having
mains or pipes connected therewith for the purpose of extinguishing fire and one or
more cylinders or chambers for containing compressed air or other gas, connected
with the said tanks or reservoirs substantially as described, of a reducing-valve for
maintaining a constant, or nearly constant, though diminished pressure of the air
upon the water notwithstanding the continuous decrease of pressure in the said
cylinders or chambers, as above specified.
Third The combination, with a reducing-valve having a flexible diaphragm as
above described, of a pump attached to the valve-casing for forcing air into the space
above the said diaphragm, substantially as, and for the purpose, set forth.
Fourth-The employment of an extensible cylinder formed of corrugated metal
(with or without a spring or springs), all substantially as, and for the purposes,
set forth.
Fifth The employment of a corrugated cylinder (with or without the spring or
springs) having incisions on the outer and inner curves of the corrugations and
enclosed in an india-rubber or other flexible cover or bag, all substantially as, and for
the purposes, set forth.

page_text: Sixth The employment of a spiral spring enclosed in a cover or bag of india-
rubber or other flexible material, substantially as, and for the purposes, set forth.
Seventh-The combination, with one or more water-tanks or reservoirs having
connected therewith one or more cylinders or chambers for containing compressed air
or other gas, substantially as described, of means for separating the compressed air or
gas from the water, until a small volume of water is drawn from the mains, substan-
tially as, and for the purpose, set forth.
Eighth The provision of means for keeping the pressure in the water-tank and
mains below the working pressure until a small volume of water is withdrawn there-
from, and then automatically subjecting the water to the working pressure, substantially
as, and for the purposes, set forth.
Ninth The improved separating device comprising the diaphragm, piston or
extensible cylinder (with or without the spring or springs) all substantially as
described with reference to Figure 5 or to Figure 6 of the drawings, for the purposes
specified.
Tenth The provision of means for closing a pipe or passage when a given pressure
is attained therein and automatically opening the same when the pressure is diminished,
as, and for the purposes, above specified.
Eleventh The improved automatic valve comprising the diaphragm, piston or
extensible cylinder (with or without the spring or springs) all substantially as
described with reference to Figure 7 of the drawings for the purpose specified.
Twelfth The improved apparatus constructed and arranged substantially as
described with reference to Figure 1 and provided with a reducing valve and a
separating chamber and with or without the automatic valve shown in Figure 7,
substantially as, and for the purposes, above specified.
Dated this 26th day of September 1887.