Improvements in Motor-cycles and other Motor-driven Vehicles.
Year: 1898

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Motor-cycles and other Motor-driven Vehicles.
I, CHARLES THOMAS BROCK SANGSTER, a Director and Works Manager of the
Cycle Components Manufacturing Company Limited, of Bournbrook, near the
City of Birmingham, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention has relation to detail improvements in the construction and
arrangement of motor-cycles, principally tricycles, parts of which said improve-
ments are also applicable to other motor-driven vehicles.
A motor tricycle of the type to which my improvements are particularly designed
to be applied comprises generally, a framing, provided with steering and driving
wheels, a carburetter for generating vapour for the oil engine or motor, which
motor is carried upon the rear part of the frame, and has arranged in connection
with it, inlet and exhaust valves, valve gearing and a sparking device for firing
the cylinder charge. The motor drives onto differential gearing in connection with
the axle of the tricycle, which is also provided with a battery, sparking coil and
suitable contacts or ignition tube for firing, a silencer for the exhaust, powerful
brake mechanism, and auxiliary foot-driving clutch gear.
The first part of my invention relates to the framings of motor tricycles, and has
for its object, to provide an improved form or construction of framing, better adapted
to carry the motor and its accessories than framings of the ordinary construction,
and so arranged that the whole of the parts are included or come between the
wheels of the machine thus rendering the construction more compact.
Further objects of my invention, applicable to motor cycles and motor vehicles
generally, are to provide a more positive contact device for the sparking arrange-
ments, to simplify the construction of the motor and to include the exhaust valve
gear with the crank box; to mount the crank shaft of the engine upon efficient
ball bearings; to improve the construction and simplify the arrangement of the
differential gearing onto which the motor drives; to render the clutch mechanism
of the auxiliary foot-driving gear silent and more positive in its action, and also
to provide such vehicles with powerful and efficient double band brakes.
In carrying out my improvements in connection with a motor tricycle, the
front part of the framing of the machine is of the ordinary diamond pattern, with
the forward end fitted with a ball head and steering arrangements of any approved
construction, but preferably both the head tube and the forks have strengthening
or reinforcing stays arranged in conjunction therewith to impart the necessary
strength thereto. The upper end of the seat pillar tube has the usual clip for
the pillar on which the saddle is mounted whilst the lower end of the said member
terminates in a bottom bracket through which the crank axle of the auxiliary
foot-driving gear passes. From the back of the seat pillar clip, stout back stavs
are directed to the ends or near the ends of the rear axle of the machine, th
sei ark stays, with the seat pillar tube, thus being arranged in a tripod form,
and within the space comprehended thereby, the motor and driving gear are

page_text: arranged, a supplementary foundation framing being provided to support them
by directing rearwardly from the auxiliary crank axle bracket, a pair of short
stays terminating in a junction or cross piece having rearwardly directed sockets
at its outer ends (which are considerably separated), from which a further pair of
connecting stays proceed to the casing surrounding the differential gearing, and
within the rectangular space thus provided, the crank box supporting the motor
is secured by bolts or otherwise.
The carburetter for generating the supply of hydro-carbon vapour for the motor
may be of any approved construction and is located within the space bounded by
the seat pillar tube, top tube, ball head sleeve and down tube of the front part of
One portion
the framing and is rigidly secured in position by clips or the like.
of the carburetter casing is set apart for the reception of the electric battery of
the ignition apparatus. From the carburetter the vapour supply pipe passes
away to the valve box of the motor and is provided with a regulator for controlling
the said supply, operated by a small lever which is preferably fulcrumed to a part
of the top rail of the framing in a position convenient for manipulation by the
driver.
The motor which I propose to employ in connection with my improved motor
cycle consists of a cylinder, externally provided with radiators for keeping the
same cool and having the upper end closed by a combined top-cover and valve
box, which is preferably made as a single casting, with the valve box part provided
with a pair of chambers respectively in communication with the vapour-supply
pipe from the carburetter and the exhaust pipe and both having seated outlets,
fitted with spring closed valves leading into the ignition and combustion chambers
in the cylinder cover. The piston may be either of the ordinary or any special
construction, and has the upper end of the piston rod jointedly connected to it,
whilst the lower end is connected to a crank shaft, provided with a fly-wheel and
running upon ball bearings (hereinafter fully described) located within the
opposite sides of a crank box, bolted to the lower open end of, and thus supporting
the cylinder and being so arranged as to completely enclose the crank, crank shaft
and fly wheel of the engine and also the gearing for opening the exhaust valve.
This crank box is preferably made in two vertically divided sections or halves,
which are bolted together in any convenient way and also have lugs or projections
disposed in positions suitable to receive the bolts by which the crank box and
motor carried by it are secured to the previously described part of the framing
coming between the auxiliary crank axle bracket and the main or driving axle.
The parts of the ball bearings of the motor shaft are made specially stout in order
to stand the vibration and strains set up in driving and consist of ball-raced cones
secured to parts of the motor or crank shaft and located internally, with the races
thereof opposed to corresponding races of hardened steel cups screwing into, an
suitably secured within, holes made for their reception through the opposite sides
of the crank box sections, whilst the balls running within the said races are of
large diameter.
66
An outward end of the crank or motor shaft is provided with a pinion engaging
with a large toothed ring constituting the driving wheel of the differential gearing,
whilst upon another part of the said crank shaft, coming internally within, and
being enclosed by, the crank box is a second pinion gearing with and driving a
toothed wheel controlling the exhaust-valve gear. This said wheel preferably
has twice as many teeth as its pinion, and consequently makes one revolution only
to every two revolutions made by the crank shaft hence a two to one valve gear.
The said valve gear wheel is mounted on a separate shaft crossing the crank
box and having secured to it, a rotating cam, the throw of which is arranged to act
upon and give a lift to a vertical valve rod, once to every two strokes of the engine.
This said rod (whose lower end, together with the cam and wheel of the "two to
one gear, is enclosed in the crank box) passes upward into the valve box and is
there connected to and is adapted to intermittently lift the exhaust valve from its
seat, the return movement of the said valve being effected by a spring.
"

page_text: The electrical contact device of the sparking apparatus for igniting the com-
pressed charge within the cylinder is disposed upon the outside of the crank box
and consists of a block of ebonite or other insulating material, secured to and
surrounding a bearing sleeve through which the end of the two-to-one valve gear
shaft passes and having upon its outer face, a sliding steel or other metal contact
piece, one end of which is connected with a current wire from an induction coil,
whilst the other end is kept, by means of an encircling spring, in constant and
positive contact with the periphery of a bush or ring of ebonite or similar material
made fast to the said valve-gear shaft, to which is also attached, a steel or other
metal sparking piece or cam electrically connected in the usual way with the
ignition chamber and having a portion of it extending through a clearance provided
in the insulating ring and coming flush with its periphery and into the path of the
contact piece. This contact device is preferably enclosed in a cover detachably
connected by suitable spring or other catches, and by arranging the parts as
described, and securing the sparking cam to the two-to-one gear shaft, it makes
contact with the contact piece and completes the electric circuit for firing once to
every two revolutions of the crank shaft of the motor.
"
The operation of the motor is thus as follows:-On the piston commencing the
descending movement of a first stroke, a charge of vapour from the carburetters
mixed with pure air, is admitted to the cylinder through the inlet valve and com-
pressed by the return movement of the said piston. At this moment, the sparking
cam is brought round to the contact piece, the circuit is completed and the com-
pressed charge fired for giving impulse to the piston. The exhaust cam on the
valve gear shaft has during this first stroke, been inoperative, but while the piston
dese nds for the second or impulse stroke after the explosion, the throw of the said
cam acts upon the valve rod and opens the exhaust, and when the said piston
ascends and completes the stroke, the rod is again allowed to fall and the exhaust
valve closed.
A pipe leads from the exhaust valve outlet to an exhaust-silencer, which is
preferably located above the motor and immediately behind the seat pillar tube
instead of being suspended from the sleeve of the main axle as ordinarily, and if
necessary, a branch pipe may pass from the exhaust to a worm, coil or the like
located within the vapourizing chamber of the carburetter so that the exhausted
gas thereby assists in the vaporization of the petroline or other hydro-carbon.
The sparking or induction coil box is usually suspended from the sleeve of the
main axle, but I now propose to attach the same by suitable clips or other means,
to the back stays of the framing, immediately above the exhaust silencer, thereby
rendering the arrangement much more compact.
The small motor pinion on the outer end of the crank shaft is enclosed in a cover
or casing and meshes with a large driving toothed wheel or ring in connection
with the differential or balance gear of the main axle. The type of main axle which
propose to employ is that known as the "Starley tricycle axle," which is made
in two rotating halves, enclosed in fixed sleeves provided with ball bearings and
respectively made fast at their outer ends to the running wheels whilst their
inward ends are coupled together by a balance gear so arranged as to admit of the
said halves independently rotating at different rates of speed at such times that the
machine is turning a corner or rounding a curve.
In the present arrangement, the differential or balance gear is entirely enclosed
within a gear-case or cover into the sides of which the inner ends of the axle tubes
take and terminate against ball-raced cups, through which the inward ends of the
axle halves extend into the interior of the gear case and are connected together by
a peg on the one half taking into a socket in the opposed end of the other, whilst
shrunk upon the said axle sections, with their ball races opposed to those of the
before-mentioned cups, are bearing cones, between which and the said cups, sets
of balls are disposed, so that the inner ends of the rotating axle sections run on ball
bearings disposed within the case or cover of the balance gear, whilst their outer
ends run upon other sets of balls located between the races of fixed cups having

page_text: sleeve extensions screwing into the ends of the axle cover tubes, and corresponding
cones formed on the inner faces of the hubs of the running wheels, which hubs are
keyed to and rotate with the axle.
The cones on the inner ends of the axle sections have inwardly directed necks
or extensions, which respectively take within the opposite open ends of a tubular
box or carrier sleeve which encloses or carries the several pinions and accessory
parts of the balancing gear, one end of which sleeve is connected, preferably, by
means of a series of radiating arms or spokes, to the large driving tooth wheel
or ring gearing with the motor pinion, whilst at the other end is a small driving
toothed-wheel, secured by a locking ring and connected by means of drive chain,
with the auxiliary foot or pedal driving mechanism. The extreme inward ends
of the axle sections are provided with pinions, whilst the rotating carrier sleeve is
provided with four longitudinal spindles upon which further pinions are threaded,
two of which engage with the one axle pinion and the other two mesh with the
other axle pinion, whereby the said carrier sleeve, which is also the driving sleeve,
is connected with the axle in such a manner as to normally admit of both halves
being driven at the same speed whilst still allowing of the said halves having
independent rotation at varying rates when required.
The case or cover in which the whole of this gear is enclosed is tubular or
cylindrical in form and has an enlarged annular race at one end within which
the large toothed driving wheel runs, said race having a vertically divided half or
section constituting a removable end, secured in position by bolts or the like.
The gear case is, in addition to being carried by the axle cover tubes, further
supported by being bolted to the crank box of the motor. A gap in the edge of
the annular race admits a part of the motor pinion to intergear with the driving
ring, and the cover of the said pinion may be bolted to the gear case at this point.
The auxiliary foot or pedal driving and clutch mechanism, is provided for the
purpose of starting the motor and assisting it when required whilst at other times
the pedals are held stationary and form rests for the feet of the rider. The crank
axle is mounted on bearings, preferably disposed in a sleeve excentrically mounted
within the bottom bracket to admit of the adjustment of the driving chain and is
provided at its ends with fixed pedal cranks, the boss of one of which is fitted with
a fixed clutch plate, surrounded or enclosed by a dished centre part of a sprocket
driving wheel, said dished centre being inside screwed to receive a clutch ring,
whilst the sprocket wheel itself is so mounted as to be capable of running on
independently of the pedal axis when the cranks are held stationary, but the
said crank is operatively connected when required with the said sprocket wheel,
for starting or auxiliary driving, by a friction device consisting of a clutch in
the form of a ring or block secured to and rotating with the sprocket pedal and
having a series of preferably semi-ricular notches on its periphery, respectively
engaged by the nose ends of a corresponding number of loose pawl pieces or approxi-
mately triangular-shaped segments, enclosed between the clutch plate on the
pedal boss and the closed side of the dished centre of the sprocket and having the
peripheries of their outer and larger ends curved to a different radius than the
inside and opposed periphery of the clutch ring connected with the sprocket.
Spring expelled pins are arranged in connection with these pawls to bear upon
the periphery of the clutch and maintain them in their assigned positions.
Normally and when the pedals are held stationary and the sprocket is running
on independently, the inner periphery of the clutch ring wipes noiselessly over
the outer peripherial edges of the pawls, but when auxiliary driving power is
required, the pedals are driven round which causes the pawls to rock slightly on
their inner ends and to be wedged between the clutch block on the pedal and the
clutch ring on the sprocket and the friction resulting thereby sets up a driving
connection between the two parts and power is transmitted through the chain to
the small driven cog carrier sleeve of the differential gear. Immediately the
rotation of the pedals ceases, the friction clutch is released and the chain wheel
is again free for independent rotation.

page_text: Dungsters improvements on sow-cycles w
This construction of clutch is positive in its action and perfectly silent when the
sprocket wheel is running free.
In connection with a motor tricycle of the hereinbefore described construction,
1 may employ a pair of powerful band brakes, preferably operated in common by
a single lever on or adjacent to the steering handles of the machine and each
consisting of a pulley or drum secured to the inner side of the hub of a running
wheel and encircled a preferably leather-faced steel band, one end of which may
be made fast to a bracket or equivalent fitting attached to a fixed part of the
machine framing, such as the connection between the lower end of a back stay and
the axle tube, whilst the other end is suitably connected to a lever attached to and
designed to turn with a spindle passing through a bearing in the aforesaid con-
nection between back stay and axle cover and provided with a second lever or arm
which is jointed to the lower termination of a brake operating rod running parallel
with, and contiguous to, the said back stay, with the rod of each brake terminating
at a point adjacent to the seat pillar clip of the framing in a double-armed lever
or other operating means controlled by a brake lever on the handle bar, although
I may easily arrange for the lever ended spindles to be turned for applying the
brake by means operated by the foot of the driver, in which case, the front or
steering wheel might be provided with an auxiliary hand-operated brake of the
plunger type.
Guide eyes for the operating rods may be secured by clips to the back stays
and the return movement of the rods may be assisted, in order to rapidly take
off the brakes, by springs encircling the rods and arrangement between fixed or
adjustable abutments or stops on the said rods and similar abutments on
stationary parts of the machine.
The application of parts of my improvements to other motor driven cycles and
to motor-driven vehicles generally, differs in no essential respect from their
application to a motor tricycle as herein described.
Dated this 16th day of September 1898.
CHARLES THOMAS BROCK SANGSTER.
By Henry Skerrett,
Agent for Applicant.
Improvements in Motor-cycles and other Motor-driven Vehicles.
1, CHARLES THOMAS BROCK SANGSTER. General Manager of the Cycle
Components Manufacturing Company Limited, of Bournbrook,
near the
City of Birmingham, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
This invention has relation to detail improvements in the construction and
arrangement of the parts of motor driven cycles, principally tricycles, some of
which improvements are applicable also to other motor-drivin vehicles, and the
said invention has for its object, to render such vehicles more efficient than
berctofore.
The improved motor tricycle framing the subject of my invention consists
essentially of a new construction of framing running upon steering and driving
wheels and carrying the engine, together with its inlet and exhaust valves, valve
gearing, ignition tube or firing mechanism and other accessories. The motor
drives onto differential gearing in connection with the running axle of the vehicle,

page_text: which is also provided with a carburetter with its mixing valve, battery, sparking
coil and suitable connections with the electric sparking device, an exhaust silencer,
powerful brake mechanism and auxiliary foot driving clutch gear, the whole of
the said parts being constructed and arranged and operating as hereinafter fully
described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which
Figure 1 represents a complete side elevation of a motor tricycle embodying
my improvements.
Figure 2 is a top side plan of the same part of the vehicle, but with the duplicate
band brakes and the means for operating them from a single brake lever not being
shown.
Figure 3 (see Sheet 6) represents a full size transverse vertical section of the
adjustable contact maker in connection with the electrical firing device.
Figure 4 (see Sheet 6) is an elevation of the same with the casing or cover
removed and a part shown in section.
Figure 5 represents a transverse vertical section of the motor, with its fly wheel,
crank box and other accessory parts, taken upon the dotted liner, Figure 2, but
upon an enlarged scale.
Figure 6 is a longitudinal vertical section of the said motor upon the dotted
line, Figure 5.
Figure 7 is a further longitudinal vertical section, takes upon the dotted
line, Figure 6 and showing the arrangement and relative dispositions of the
motor inlet and exhaust valves with their gearing, and the sparking device.
Figure 8 represents, upon the same scale as Figures 5, 6 and 7, a longitudinal
section taken upon the dotted line, Figure 1, to show the arrangement of the
differential or balance gear and of the parts of the framing by which the motor
and its crank box are supported.
Figure 9 is an enlarged elevation of the auxiliary foot-operated clutch driving
gear.
Figure 10 is a horizontal section thereof upon the dotted line 26.
Figures 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16 represent some of the detail parts of the clutch
driving gear separately.
Figure 17 (Sheet 7) is a general view of the framing showing the arrangement
of the series of bell crank levers and connecting rods by which the movement of
a single brake-operating lever is communicated to a pair of band brakes encircling
drums carried respectively by the rear running wheels.
Figure 18 (Sheet 6) is a view showing the system of levers of the brake
mechanism upon an enlarged scale.
Figures 19 and 20 represent other elevations of two of the bell-cranked levers
of the brake mechanism, separately.
Figure 21 represents, partly in section and partly in elevation the connection
by which the upper ends of the branching rods proceeding to the respective brakes
are secured together and to the system of operating on power transmission
mechanism.
Figures 22 and 23 show two different elevations of one of the band brakes and
the drum on the rotating axle upon which it acts.
The same letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the several figures
of the drawings.
The first part of my invention relates to the framings of motor tricycles, and has
for its particular object, to provide an improved form or construction of framing,
better adapted to carry the motor and its accessories than framings of the ordinary
construction, and so arranged that the whole of the parts are inclined or come
between the wheels of the machine thus rendering the construction more compart.
Further objects of my invention, applicable to motor cycles and vehicles generally.
are to provide a more positive contact device for the sparking arrange
ments, to simplify the construction of the motor and to include the
exhaust valve operating gear within the crank box; to mount the crank shaft of
the engine upon efficient ball bearings; to improve the construction and simplify
the arrangement of the differential gearing onto which the motor drives; to render

page_text: the clutch mechanism of the auxiliary foot-driving gear silent and more positive in
its action, and also to provide such vehicles with powerful and efficient double
band brakes.
In the motor tricycle represented in the drawings, the front part al of the framing
of the machine is of the ordinary diamond pattern, with the forward end fitted with
a ball head and steering arrangements of any approved construction, but preferably
both the head-tube and the forks have strengthening or reinforcing stays arranged
in conjunction therewith to impart the necessary strength thereto. The upper
end of the seat tube a, has the usual clip a³, for the pillar at, on which the saddle
is mounted whilst the lower end of the said member terminates in a bottom
bracket, though which the crank axle of the auxiliary foot-driving gear passes.
From the back of the seat pillar clip, stout back stays ", are directed to the ends
or near the ends of the rear axle of the machine, the said back stays, with the seat
pillar tube, thus being arranged in a tripod form, and within the space compre-
hended thereby, the motor and driving gear are arranged, and are supported by a
supplementary foundation framing b, (best shown in Figure 8) formed by directing
rearwardly from the auxiliary crank axle bracket, a pair of short stays b', b
terminating in a junction or cross piece b³, from which a pair of rearwardly directed
tubes or sleeves 4, (which are considerably separated), proceed and enclose or
conceal a pair of connecting bolts or stays b, directed between the said cross piece
and the casing surrounding the differential gearing, and within the rectangular
space e, thus enclosed, the crank box supporting the motor is secured by suitable
means as hereinafter described.
The carburetter d, for generating the supply of hydro-carbon vapour for the
motor may be of any suitable construction, preferably that described in the Specifi-
cation of Letters Patent granted to me bearing date the 20th day of June 1898
No. 13704, and is located within the space at the front of the frame bounded by
and
the seat pillar a², top tube a, ball head sleeve 8, and front down tube a³,
is rigidly secured in position by elips such as 10.
It is fitted with a suitable mixing valve preferably controlled by a lever d',
link and second lever, for regulating the proportion of air with which the
generated vapour is diluted to form the explosive mixture, the flow of which to
the motor by way of the pipe , may be regulated by a second valve operated
from the lever d, by the link d, and second lever d. A portion d8, of the car-
buretter easing is partitioned off to form a receptacle for the battery and sparking
coil when electrical ignition is employed for firing purposes.
The motor i, which I propose to employ in connection with my improved motor
eyele consists of a cylinder, externally provided with radiators for keeping
the same cool and having the upper end 7, closed by a combined top-cover and
valve box, which is preferably made as a single casting, with the valve box
part, provided with a pair of chambers 7, 8, the former of which is in communi-
cation with the vapour-supply pipe d, from the carburetter and the latter with
the exhaust pipe i", and both having seated openings 10, ", respectively fitted with
spring-closed valves 2, 3, leading into the compression and combustion chamber
part 4, in the cylinder cover. The piston, may be either of the ordinary or
any special construction, and has the upper end of the piston rod j, jointedly con-
nected to it at ', whilst the lower end is connected to a crank shaft provided
with a fly-wheel and running in bearings (which may be provided with anti-
friction balls running in suitable ball races) located within the opposite sides k', of
a crank box k, which suppats the cylinder, and is secured to the lower open
end, thereof by means of bolts 8, taking into holes, or otherwise. This
crank box. in addition to completely covering in the crank, crank shaft and fly
wheel of the engine. also encloses the gearing for opening the exhaust valve. It
is preferably made in two vertically divided sections or halves, k, which are
bolted together by bolts k, passed through coincidentally eyed lugs, on the
meeting edges of the sections, which also have lugs or projections, disposed
in positions suitable to receive the pairs of bolts, by which the crank box and

page_text: motor carried by it are secured to lugs 8, depending from both the underside of
the differential gear casing and from the cross piece 63, of that part of the framing
(previously described) coming between the auxiliary crank axle bracket and the
said casing. By means of these said lugs 6, the motor is attached to the frame in
a more efficient and substantial way than heretofore, and further in such a way as
to be of considerable assistance in strengthening the, framing of the structure.
In fact these lugs upon the crank case are quite sufficient in themselves to hold
the front and rear parts of the vehicle together, whereas the bolts, enclosed
within the tubes b, are provided principally for the purpose of keeping the parts
of the vehicle together when the motor is detached and for the sake of the improved
appearance. Where ball bearings are provided for the motor shaft to run upon.
the cups and cones are made specially stout in order to stand the vibration and
strains set up in driving and the balls running within the said races are of large
diameter.
The crank or motor shaft 3, is provided, (on the outside of the crank box) with
a pinion m, shown in Figure 5, engaging with a large, toothed ring m³, constituting
the driving wheel of the differential gearing, whilst upon another part of the said
crank shaft, coming internally within, and being enclosed by, the crank box is a secon'l
pinion, gearing with and driving a toothed wheel 2, controlling the exhaust-
valve gears n. This said wheel preferably has twice as many teeth as its pinion n³,
and consequently makes one revolution only to every two revolutions made by the
crank shaft, hence a two to one" valve gear.
"
The said valve gear wheel n², is mounted on a separate shaft n³, running in a
bearing n, in one side of the crank box and has secured to it, a rotating cam n³,
the throw of which is arranged to act upon the wiper end n¹ of, and give a lift to.
a vertical valve, rod 6, once to every two strokes of the engine. This said rod
(whose lower end, together with the cam and wheel of the "two to one
gear, is
enclosed in the crank box) passes through a guide sleeve 7, and upward into the
valve box and is there connected to and is adapted to intermittently lift the exhaust
valve 3 from its seat, the return movement of the said valve being effected by
a spring n¹³ disposed around the rod and between an abutment #1 on the valve box
and an opposite abutment n¹5, on the rising and falling rod.
The electrical contact device o, of the sparking apparatus for igniting or firing
the compressed charge within the cylinder is disposed upon the outside of the
crank box and consists of a hollow block or sleeve of ebonite or other insulating
material o, secured to and surrounding the outer end 17, of the two-to-one valve
gear shaft. A sliding steel or other metal contact piece 2, is also provided, one
endo, of which is connected with a current wire o, from an induction coil, whilst
the other end of, is kept, by means of an encircling spring, », enclosed in a
casing 6, in constant and positive contact with the periphery of the bush or ring
of ebonite ¹, rotating with the said valve-gear shaft, to which is also attached a
steel or other metal sparking piece or cam 7, electrically connected in the usual
way with the ignition chamber and having a portion 8, of it extending through
a clearance o, provided in the insulating ring, with the outer part 10 of the said
cam coming flush with the periphery of the said ring and within the path of the
contact piece. oll is a cover, detachably connected by suitable spring or other
catches.
"two-to-one
"
By arranging the parts and securing the sparking cam to the
gear shaft in manner as described, it makes contact with the contact piece and
completes the electric circuit for firing once to every two revolutions of the crank
shaft of the motor, whilst in order to provide means for varving the time at which
the circuit is completed to admit of the spark passing and firing the charge, the
contact piece 2, is mounted upon a base 12, made of insulating material, encircling
and being free to turn upon a bush 10, on the crank box. A lever o³, is pivoted
to the framing of the machine at o, and has directed from it, a connecting rod o
terminating in an eye old, secured to the contact piece base, whose rotation about
the bush 0, is limited br studs 17, on the crank box taking through curved

page_text: slots 18, in the said base.
By turning this lever one way or the other, the driver
of the vehicle can communicate a corresponding movement to the contact piece to
change its position so that the sparking cam o, wipes over the said contact earlier
or later (as the case may be) in the revolution of the valve gear shaft and completes
the circuit for firing the charge at an earlier or later stage of the compression
stroke of the motor piston, whereby the driver is enabled to determine the moment
of firing according to the speed at which the engine is running or according to
other circumstances as he may require.
The sparking points are arranged at opposite points in the compression chamber
of the cylinder head, as usual, and a return circuit wire proceeds from the negative
point to the induction coil.
In addition to this electrical firing gear, the motor cylinder may be provided
with a lamp ignition tube of the ordinary type at 1, (see Figure 6). is a starting
valve which is opened to admit air to pass out of the cylinder on starting by means
of a lever 2, rod p³ and cock pt.
The operation of the motor is thus as follows:-On the piston commencing to
descend for making the first or suction stroke, a charge of explosive mixture (the
richness or relative proportions of atmospheric air and oil vapor is determined by
the mixing valve of the carburettor) is drawn through the regulator valve and
past the inlet valve (which is lifted off its seat against the pressure of its spring ¹³)
into the chamber, of the cylinder, where it is compressed by the return or com-
pression stroke of the said piston. At a predetermined point in this compression
stroke, the sparking cam is brought round to the contact piece, the circuit is
completed and the compressed charge fired for giving impulse to the piston. The
exhaust cam on the valve gear shaft has, during these suction and compression
strek s, been inoperative, but whilst the piston is descending or making the second
or impulse stroke after the explosion, the said cam commences to act upon the
valve rod, which is lifted and the exhaust valve is opened, and remains open during
the time that the piston is ascending or making the exhaust stroke, on the com-
pletion of which the rod is again allowed to fall and the exhaust valve is closed
automatically by its spring.
A pipe, leads from the exhaust valve outlet to an exhaust-silencer h, which
is preferably suspended from the frame tubes, 2, and immediately behind the
crank axle bracket instead of being suspended from the sleeve of the main axle
as ordinarily, and the branch pipe h, passes from the said silencer to a worm,
coil or the like located within the vaporizing chamber of the carburetter so that
the exhausted gas thereby assist in the vaporization of the petroline or other
hydro-carbon.
The small motor pinion m, on the outer end of the crank shaft meshes with a
large driving toothed wheel or ring m¹, in connection with the differential or
balance gear, of the main axle The type of main axle which I propose to
employ is that known as the "Starley tricycle axle," which is made in two rotating
halves, enclosed in fixed sleeves ³, g, provided with ball bearings and
respectively made fast at their outer ends to the running wheels, whilst their
inward ends are coupled together by a balance gear so arranged as to admit of the
said halves independently rotating at different rates of speed at such times that the
machine is turning a corner or rounding a curve.
In the present arrangement the differential or balance gear (best shown in
Figure 8) is entirely enclosed within a gear-case or cover s, into the sleeves s¹,
at the opposite sides of which the inner ends of the axle tubes q, q', take and
terminate against ball-raced cups q6, through which the inward ends of the axle
halves extend into the interior of the gear case, where they are connected together
by a peg g, on the one half taking into a socket 98, in the opposed end of the
other, whilst shrunk upon the said axle sections, with their ball races q10, opposed
to those q", of the before-mentioned cups 26, are bearing cones, q12, between which
and the said cups, sets of balls q. are disposed, so that the inner ends of the
rotating axle sections run on ball bearings coming within the case or cover of

page_text: the balance gear, whilst their outer ends run upon other sets of balls located
betw.en the races of fixed cups having sleeve extensions screwing into the ends
of the axle cover tubes, and corresponding cones formed on the inner faces of the
hubs q, of the running wheels which hubs are keyed to and rotate with the axle.
The cones on the inner ends of the axle sections have inwardly directed necks
or extensions q, which respectively take within the opposite open ends 1, 12,
of a tubular box or carrier sleeve, which encloses or carries the several pinions
and accessory parts of the balance gear. One ond, of this sleeve is connected
preferably by means of a series of radiating arms or spokes, to the large driving
tooth wheel or ring m¹, gearing with the motor pinion m, whilst at the other
end, is a small driving toothed-wheel, scured by a locking ring, and
connected by means of drive chain, with the auxiliary foot or pedal driving
mechanism. The extreme inward ends of the axle sections q', q, are provided
respectively with pinions, whilst the rotating carrier sleeve is provided with
four longitudinal spindles,,,, (indicated by dotted lines in Figure 1)
respectively carrying loose pinions 12, 13, 14, 15, two of which, viz., 12 and 1,
engage with the one axle pinion, whilst the other two, viz., 13 and 15,
mesh both with the pinions 12, and with the other axle pinion 7, whereby the
said carrier sleeve, which is also the driving sleeve, is connected with the axle
in such a manner as to normally admit of both halves being driven at the same
speed whilst still allowing of the said halves having independent rotation at
varying rates when required.
The case or cover s, in which the whole of this gear is enclosed, is tubular or
cylindrical in form and has an enlarged annular race s², at one end within which
the large toothed driving wheel m¹, runs, said race having a vertically divided
half or section constituting a removable end 3, secured in position by bolts or the
like, whilst the other or body part has lugs st,, into which the ends of the framing
bolts, take and whereby the said gear case is supported, in addition to being
carried by the axle cover tubes. A gap in the edge of the annular race admits
of a part of the motor pinion to intergear with the driving ring, and a cover
for the said pinion may be bolted to the gear ease at this point.
The auxiliary toot or pedal driving and clutch mechanism, is provided for the
purpose of starting the motor and assisting it when required whilst at other times
the pedals are "fice' and can be held stationary to form rests for the cet of the
rider. The crank axle 1, is mounted on bearings f, preferably disposed in a
leve, excentrically mounted within the hottora bracket to admit of the
adjustment of the driving chain, and is provided at its ends with fixed pedal
cranks, the loss of the term of which he served or otherwise fitted to it.
a fixed clutch plate or iction dise, surrounded or enclosed by a dished centre
part of a lot se sprocket driving whelf, said dished centre Feing inside screwed
to receive a catching, whilst the sprocket wheel itself is so mounted as to
be capable of running on independently of the pedal axis when the cranks are held
stationmy, but the said crank is operatively connected when required with the
said sprocket wheel, for starting or auxiliary driving, by the triction or clutch
plate, which is enclosed Letween an outer plate ", fixed to the crank boss, and
the closed side of the dished centre of the loose sprocket and having a series of
projections to with intervening inclines ", at the bottom of which and interposed
between them and opposed periphery of the clutch ing 18, connected with the
sprocket, are a series of loose rollers (shown separately in Figure 14).
Normally and when the pedals are held stationary and the sprocket is running
on independently, the inner periphery of the clutch ring wipes noiselessly over the
outer peripheral edges of the projections on the friction disc to, and the rollers t
are kept at the bottoms of the inclines but when auxiliary driving power is
required, the pedals are driven round which causes the said friction dise to rotate
with the crank and to be wedged or operatively connected with the sprocket wheel
by the rollers being caused to run up the inclines and bind against the clutch
ing, on the said sporket and the fiction resulting thereby t up a driving

page_text: connection between the two parts and power is transmitted through the chain to
the small driven cog carrier sleeve of the differential gear. Immediately the
rotation of the pedals ceases, the friction clutch is released and the chain wheel
is again free for independent rotation. (see also Figure 15) is the locking ring
by which the plate t, is secured.
This construction of clutch is positive in its action and perfectly silent when the
sprocket wheel is running tree.
In connection with a motor tricycle of the herein before described construction,
I may employ a pair of powerful band brakes (one of which is shown in Figures 22
and 2) preferably operated in common by a single lever u, fulcrumed to the
steering handles of the machine and each consisting of a pulley or drum r, secured
to the inner side of the hub of a running wheel and encircled by a preferably
leather-faced steel band, one end of which may be made fast to a bracket,
or equivalent fitting attached to a fixed part of the machine framing, such as the
connection, between the lower end of a back stay and the axle tube, whilst the
other end is suitably connected to a lever a, attached to and designed to turn
with a spindle ², passing through a bearing 14, in the aforesaid connection
fitting and provided with a second lever or arm u³, which is jointed to the
lower termination of a power transmission rod u, running parallel with, and
contiguous to, the said back stay a, with both the transmission rods terminating
in common at a point adjacent to the seat pillar clip, of the framing in a coupling 6,
carried by an arm, of a double armed lever ", carried by a bracket w, on the
framing and to which a rocking movement is imparted from the brake lever or
the handle bar by a plunger 17, bell-cranked lever #8, pivoted at w
to a bracket
al connecting rod
a second bell cranked
lever, fulcrumed at B, to a bracket, and a second connecting rod 15,
running parallel with the seat tube, although I may easily arrange for the lever
onded spindles, to be turned for applying the brake by means operated by the
foot of the driver, in which case, the front or steering wheel might be provided
with an auxiliary hand-operated brake of the plunger type.
Guide eyes for the operating rods may be secured by clips to the back stays
and the return movement of the rods may be assisted, in order to rapidly take
off the brakes, by springs encircling the rods and arranged between fixed or adjust-
able abutments or stops on the said rods and similar abutments on stationary
parts of the machine.
The application of parts of my improvements to other motor driven cycles and to
motor-driven vehicles generally, differs in no essential respect from their applica-
tion to a motor tricycle as herein described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inver-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
--
-
First In a motor-driven tricycle, the combination with the framing, of a
motor arranged and mounted forward of the rear axle and within a space com-
prehended by the members of the rear part, substantially as described and set forth.
Secondly: In a motor-driven vehicle the combination with a principal frame
having a supplemental framing such as b, disposed lengthwise of the vehicle
between the seat support and the rear axle, of a motor i, supported and carried by
the supplemental framing, and arranged within the space comprehended by the
umbers of the rear part of the said principal frame and the said rear axle,
substantially as described and set forth.
Thirdly framing for a motor-driven vehicle, comprising a seat tube ².
crank axle bracket, parallel members 61, 62, proceeding rearwardly from said
bracket, a cross junction piece b, in which said members 1, 2, terminate, and
separated stay bolts &, directed from the junction 63, to the casing enclosing the
balance gear of the driving axle, whereby a space such as c. is obtained within
which the motor is mounted and so comes forward of the said axle, substantially
as described and set forth.

page_text: :
Fourthly In motor driven vehicles, the combination with the framing having
diagonally disposed and spreading stays a6, of a rear and driven axle running
within sleeves q, q', at the outer end of which the stays 6, terminate, whilst the
inward ends of the said sleeves terminate in a casing s, enclosing the balance gear
of the said driven axle, substantially as described and set forth.
Fifthly In a motor-driven tricycle the combination with a framing, comprising
the fore part a¹, with steering head, rear stays a, rear motor supporting
frame 1, 3, 3, 6, and rear axle with running wheels, of a carburetter mounted
in the space comprehended by the members of the front part of the framing, and
a vertical oil motor and its accessories supported within the space comprehended
by the members of the back part and the said axle, substantially as described and
set forth
Sixthly In a motor-driven vehicle. the employment in connection with the
motor of a crank box enclosing the cranks and fly wheel and bolted or secured
both to a junction piece or equivalent on the front of the vehicle frame work and to
the casing of the balance gear or other part carried by the rear axle substantially
as and for the purpose as described and set forth.
Seventhly: In the motor of a motor-driven vehicle having a crank case;
cnclosing within the said crank case, the two-to-one" gearing for operating the
exhaust valve, and gearing being arranged and operated, substantially as described
and set forth.
+5
Eighthly In the motor of a motor-driven vehicle, the employment in con-
nection with the shaft of the two-to-one" valve gearing, of revolving sparking
cam a revolving insulating bush with aperture wherethrough the said cam extends,
and a metal contact piece, mounted upon an adjustable base and connected with a
wire from the sparking coil whilst an end or part of it is in constant contact with
the said insulating bush and in the path of the sparking cam substantially as
and for the purpose as described and set forth.
Ninthly: In a motor driven vehicle, the combination with the driven shaft
and driving or motor pinion m, of a driven toothed wheel m¹, a revolving sleeve
connected with said wheel, spindles 8, 9, 10, pl, carried by the said sleeve and
fitted with loose balance-gear pinions 12, 13, 14, 15, and pinions, carried by
the inner ends of the independently rotatable sections q', q², of a two-part driven
axle, the whole arranged and operating substantially as and for the purpose
described and set forth.
;-
Tenthly In a motor driven vehicle, the combination with an auxiliary driving
axle, foot operated cranks 3, 6, and a friction or clutch disc, fast to one of
the cranks of a loose sprocket wheel
a friction ring t con-
nected therewith, a plate 1, securing said sprocket wheel in position with the
friction or clutch disc disposed within a sinking 16, of it and concentric with the
friction ring, and rollers 3, coming upon the peripheral inclines of, and confined
between the projections 10 of the said friction dise, the whole arranged and operating
to provide silent and positive clutch mechanism substantially as described and
set forth.
Eleventhly In a motor driven vehicle, the combination with a brake operating
lever, connecting rods u¹¹, u¹³, bell cranked levers ³, 2, and a coupling, of
a pair of branching power-transmission rods u, adapted to operate band brakes
encircling drums such as made fast to the opposite end parts of the wheel hubs,
substantially as described and set forth.
Twelfthly: In a motor driven vehicle, the combination with a rod *, for com-
municating movement-a lever u³, a spindle u², and a lever ', of a band brake ¹,
completely encircling a drum c, secured on and rotating with the main driven
axle, with one end connected with the said lever u¹, and the other end made fast
to the main framing of the vehicle, substantially as described and set forth.
Thirteenthly In a motor driven vehicle, the combination with a brake-operat-
ing lever, connecting rods u¹¹, ¹³, bell-cranked levers ³, 12, fulcrumed to the
vehicle main framing, a coupling u16 and a pair of branching power

page_text: transmission rods ut, of a pair of spindles u², with levering arms u³, u²,
a pair of band brakes ¹, 1, respectively encircling and contractible
around drums on the driven axle, with one end of each band operatively con-
nected with the lever u', and the other end made fast to the frame fitting,
substantially as described and set forth.
Dated thin 01 1...
1 1000