Improvements in Whip-sockets.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd Jan., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 30:h Jan., 1894-Accepted, 31st Mar., 1894
Improvements in Whip-sockets.
We ELIJAH JEFFRIES, JAMES GROSVENOR JEFFRIES and ALBERT JEffries
Saddlery Manufacturers of 31 and 32 Mountrath Street Walsall in the County
of Warwick do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows :-
This invention. consists in the several modifications hereinafter described, forming
and constituting improvements in whip-sockets.
By the first modification of our invention we provide a spring containing shell,
consisting of a cylindrical tube of any desired transverse section, made out of
metal, leather, vulcanite, parkesine, papier-mache or out of any other material
suitable for use in forming a cylindrical tube.
In some cases we utilize the elastic throat-piece or spring described in the
Specification of Elijah Jeffries No. 11288 of August 18th 1887.
In other cases we utilize a spiral spring, flat spring split tubular spring, or any
springing material suitable for use in combination with the spring containing shell,
such shell being new and original for the purpose described and forming with any
suitable spring a new combination.
The spring containing shell may be less than the length of its outer cover
or of the same length as the outer cover, in accordance with the class of spring and
shell utilized.
The spring can be fastened to its shell by means of wire, rivets, split-fasteners,
thread, cement or by means of other suitable connecting material in accordance
with the nature of the substance used in the formation of the spring and its
containing-shell.
"
We next provide an outer casing which may be made of wood, or out of the
substance known under the several names of parkesine, xylonite and celluloid, or
the casing may be made out of vulcanite or out of any material suitable for use as
a whip-socket.
We place the spring and its containing shell within the outer casing and secure
the shell within the casing by means of a cap, such cap being flanged externally
and internally, the external flange fitting over the end of outer case and the
internal flange fitting over. the internal periphery of spring-containing-shell, such
flanged cap being secured in position by means of pins, rivets, screws, cement, or by
other equivalent mechanical means.
By a second modication of our invention we provide the spring the shell and the
outer casing as described in first modification but secure such parts together by
means of a flanged cap of the kind described in first modification excepting that
the cap of the second modification is screwed over the peripherical surface of its
flanges such screwed flanges taking contact with the outer periphery of the casing
and with the inner periphery of the shell.
By a third modification of our invention we provide the spring-shell the spring
and the outer casing as described in first modification but secure such parts together
by means of a piece or disc of metal, wood, vulcanite, rubber, parkesine, leather,
ivory, bone, or other suitable material laid on the top of the outer socket and its
internal shell, and spring, such piece or disc being then secured to the shell
and its casing by means of rivets, screws, cement or other equivalent mechanical
fastenment.
By a fourth modification of our invention we provide the spring, the shell and its
outer casing as described in first modification but form or provide an internal stop-
flange on the top end of outer casing and also form the bottom end of such casing

page_text: open in contradistinction to the closed ends of first second and third modifications;
the open bottom is provided with a screw thread suitable to receive a screwed plug.
The shell carrying the spring would under this fourth modification be passed through
the bottom end of outer casing and pushed up until the top end of shell rested
against the internal flange provided at top end of casing, a screwed plug would then be
rotated into the bottom end of casing thus completing the fourth modification ;
instead of securing the plug in the bottom end of outer casing by means of a screw-
thread the plug can be secured in position by means of pins, rivets, cement or other
suitable and equivalent fastenment.
The fifth modification of our invention consists in the novel method of making
the outer cases of the first second third and fourth modifications and also in
making a casing suitable for use as a whip-socket without our improved spring-
grip and shell hereinbefore described, and also suitable for use with other internal
mechanism.
The method of making our whip-sockets or whip-socket cases is as follows:-
We provide papier-mache pulp, parkesine pulp, wood pulp, cotton pulp, or pulp
made from any other suitable material and then mould, press, compress or
otherwise form the pulp into the shape of a whip-socket-these pulp made
whip-sockets can be produced in moulds so as to imitate the grain of oak-wood,
beech-wood, rose-wood or any other kind of wood.
The advantage of making and using the pulp whip-sockets will be understood
by manufacturers of whip-sockets; the ordinary wood whip-sockets are turned.
out of pieces of lumber the length-way of the grain and are afterwards bored
out, such old style bored-out whip-sockets are liable to shrink oval and are also
liable to split in the process of shrinking.
Our improved whip-sockets made out of the pulp of wood or other analogous
substance will when compressed into the tubular shape retain the transverse
section, be that section round, oval, polygonal, or of other shape that is suitable
for use as a whip-socket, or as the outer casing for the spring-clipping mechanism
of a whip-socket.
Dated this 22nd day of January 1894.
ALFRED WILLIAM TURNER,
Cobden Buildings, Corporation Street, Birmingham,
Agent for the Applicants.
0
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Whip-sockets.
We ELIJAH JEFFRIES JAMES GROSVENOR JEFFRIES and ALBERT JEFFRIES
Saddlery Manufacturers of 31 and 32 Mountrath Street Walsall in the County of
Warwick do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
This invention has for its object, firstly the production of a whip-socket the
gripping mechanism of which can be attached to a shell the shell and gripping
mechanism being self-contained and complete ready to place within a cover or
outer-casing of any desired shape made from any suitable material.
This invention has for its object secondly the production of a whip-socket or the
production of the shell and outer case of a whip-socket out of pulp compressed into
the required shape.
We will now proceed to describe the nature of our invention, reference being
made to the accompanying drawings, in which
Figure 1 represents a longitudinal section of first modification.
Figure 2 represents a plan of Figure 1.
Figure 3 represents a longitudinal section of fourth modification.

page_text: igure represents a pian or Figure 3.
Figure 5 represents a longitudinal section of the shell part of Figure 1.
Figure 6 represents a plan of Figure 5.
Figure 7 represents the screwed cap of second modification.
Figure 8 represents an elevation of plug.
Figure 9 represents a broken section of third modification.
Figure 10 represents a plan of Figure 9.
In carrying out the first modification of our invention we provide a spring-
containing-shella, consisting of a cylindrical tube of any desired transverse
section, made out of metal, leather, vulcanite, parkesine, papier-mache or out of
any other material suitable for use in forming into a cylindrical tube; in some
cases we utilize the throat-piece described in the Specification of Elijah Jeffries
No. 11288 of August 18th 1887, in other cases we utilize a spiral spring, flat
spring, split tubular spring, or any springing material suitable for use in
combination with the spring-containing-shell a, such shell a being new and
original for the purpose described and forming with any suitable spring a new
combination.
The spring-containing-shell a may be less than the length of its outer cover
or of the same length as its cover, in accordance with the class of spring and
shell utilized.
The spring can be fastened to its shell by means of wire, split-fasteners,
thread, cement, or by means of other suitable connecting material, in accordance
with the nature of the substance used in the formation of the spring and its
containing-shell; we next provide an outer casing c which may be made of wood,
or out of the substance known under the several names of parkesine, xylonite
and celluloid or out of any material suitable for use as a whip-socket.
We place the spring and its containing shell within the outer casing and secure
the shell within the casing by means of a cap d, such cap being flanged
externally as shewn at e and internally as shewn at f, the external flange e fitting
over the end g of outer case and the internal flange f fitting over the internal
periphery of spring-containing-shell, such flanged cap being secured in position
by means of pins, rivets k, screws, cement, or other equivalent mechanical means.
By the second modification of our invention we provide the spring, the shell
and the outer casing as described in first modification, but secure such parts
together by means of a flanged cap of the kind described in first modification,
excepting that the cap of the second modification is screwed over the peripherical
surfaces of its flanges, such screwed flanges taking contact with the outer periphery
of the casing and with the inner periphery of the shell.
By a third modification of our invention we provide a spring-shell, a spring and
an outer casing as described in first modification, but secure such parts together by
means of a piece or disc of metal, wood, vulcanite, rubber, parkesine, leather, ivory,
bone, or other suitable material laid on the top of the outer casing or socket and its
internal shell and spring or springs as shewn at Figure 9 such piece or disc being
then secured to the shell and its casing by means of screws as shewn at Figure 9
or by means of rivets, cement or other equivalent material or fastenment.
By a fourth modification we provide a spring, a shell and its outer casing as
described in first modification but form or provide an internal stop-flange / on the
top end of outer casing and also form the bottom end m of such casing open in
contradistinction to the closed ends of first, second and third modifications; the
open bottom is provided with a screw thread n suitable to receive a screwed plug o,
the shell carrying the spring would under this fourth modification be passed
through the bottom end of outer casing and pushed up until the top end of shell
rested against the internal flange provided to receive it, a screwed plug o would
then be rotated into the bottom end of casing, thus completing the fourth modifica-
tion; instead of securing the plug in the bottom end of outer casing by means of a
screw-thread as shewn, the plug o can be secured in position by means of pins,
rivets, cement, or other suitable and equivalent fastenment.

page_text: The completed first modification represented at Figures 1 and 2 is shewn tapered
and of circular transverse section, in some cases we prefer to make the shell a and
its casing parallel instead of tapered; the transverse section of the casing a and
of the cover c need not correspond, the external peripherical surface of the outer
casing is in some cases made ornamental.
We have not shewn illustrations of a spiral spring, a flat spring, or a tubular-
split-spring in combination with our new spring-containing-shell a, neither have we
shewn other suitable and equivalent springing material in combination with our
new spring-containing-shell a, the description herein before given of all such springs
as connected to the spring-containing-shell a, being sufficient to enable any person
skilled in the manufacture of whip-sockets to make a whip-socket with a spring-
containing-shell a, mechanically connected to either of the springs, or to the
springing material, described but not shewn.
The fifth modification of our invention constitutes the second part of such inven-
tion and consists in the novel method of making the outer cases of the first, second,
third, and fourth modifications and also in making a casing suitable for use as a
whip-socket without our improved spring-grip and shell herein before described,
and also suitable for use with internal mechanism claimed under other Patents or
which may hereafter be invented, that is to say the second part of our invention
consists in the new method of making an article that is not necessarily new.
The method of making the whip-sockets and the outer cases is a follows;-We
provide papier-mache-pulp, parkesine-pulp, wood-pulp, cotton-pulp, or pulp made
from any other suitable material and then mould, press compress, or otherwise form
the pulp into the shape of a whip-socket :-These pulp-made whip-sockets can be
produced in moulds so as to imitate the grain of oak-wood, beech-wood, rose-wood
or any other kind of wood.
The advantage of making and using the whip-sockets made out of pulp will be
understood by manufacturers of whip-sockets; the ordinary wood whip-sockets
are turned out of pieces of lumber the length-way of the grain and are afterwards
bored out, such old-style bored out whip-sockets are liable to shrink oval when
bored round and liable to shrink out of any oval or other shape they may at other
times be bored or shaped, the shrinking of wood tubular made sockets also causes
the shrinking parts to split.
Our pulp-made whip-sockets will when compressed into the tubular shape retain
the transverse section produced be that section round, oval, polygonal or of other
shape that is suitable for use as a whip-socket, or as the outer casing for the spring-
clipping mechanism of a whip-socket.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is
1st. The making of a whip-socket by the combination of the Jeffries-spring
within a shell, surrounded by a separate outer casing, as illustrated and described
in relation to Figures 1 and 2.
2nd. The making of a whip-socket by the combination of "either a spiral spring,
a flat spring, a split tubular spring or a spring made out of any other springing
material" within a spring-containing-shell surrounded by a separate outer casing,
the shell being secured to the casing by means of a flanged collar, as illustrated
and described in relation to Figures 1 and 2.
3rd. In the manufacture of a whip-socket under the second modification of this
invention, the utilization of a flanged, screwed cap, as and for the purpose
described.
4th. In the manufacture of a whip-socket under the third modification of this
invention, the utilization of a flat top or cover as illustrated at Figures 9 and 10
and as described in relation to such figures.
5th. The making of a whip-socket by the combination of "either a Jeffries
spring, a flat spring, a spiral spring, a split tubular spring, or a spring made out of

page_text: any other springing material" within a spring-containing-case, the spring and its
shell being surrounded by a separate outer casing, such shell and contents being
afterwards passed through the bottom end of casing and secured therein by means
of a plug, as illustrated and described in relation to Figures 3 & 4.
6th. The making of a whip-socket and the making of the outer case of a whip-
socket, out of pulp compressed into the required shape as described in relation to
the fifth modification.
7th. The imitation of the grain of any kind of wood in the manufacture of pulp-
made whip-sockets and in the manufacture of the outer cases of whip-sockets.
Dated this 27th day of January 1894.
ALFRED WILLIAM TURNER,
Cobden Buildings, Corporation Street, Birminghamı,
Agent for the Applicants.