IMPROVEMENTS IN TELEGRAPH RECEIVING APPARATUS
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT, to John William Fuller, of 52, Old Broad Street, in the
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City of London, for an Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN TELEGRAPH
RECEIVING APPARATUS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John William Fuller at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th November 1880.
'
JOHN WILLIAM FULLER, of 52, Old Broad Street, in the City of London.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TELEGRAPH RECEIVING APPARATUS."
The object of my Invention is to obtain through long submarine telegraph cables
upon a modified form of mirror or reflecting galvanometer.
1. An enlargement or clearer definition of signals and at the same time.
2. More rapid and distinct readable telegraph signals than can be received upon
that instrument in its present form or forms of construction.
3. And a more advantageous working speed through longer lengths of submarine
telegraph cable than can now be done.
To effect the above improvements I construct the bobbin on which the.
galvanometer coils are wound of peculiar shape, the opening or passage throughout
its centre being of various dimensions, diminishing as it approaches the part to be
occupied by the mirror; the consequence is that the conducting wire when wound
upon it is at different distances from the centre, according to the position in which
it surrounds the before mentioned opening..
The wire wound. on the bobbin is in several sections or separate coils, and
arrangement is made for shunting the outer coils when they are not required.
At the end of the said central opening or passage in the bobbin I insert a special
contrivance for holding the suspended mirror, consisting of a semi-funnel shaped
tube or cup, and made so as to suit whatever range of reflected light may bo.
required upon the scale. I prefer this contrivance to fit in from the front, i.c., in
that side of the opening facing the scale.
At the other end of the aforesaid opening I insert as a sort of core within. the
bobbin one of the following appliances:
--
(a). A special form of magnet consisting of two straight rods joined across at the
outer end.

page_text: (b). A double helical or "morse armature" shaped coil, joined as the magnet just
described.
(c). A bundle of iron wires shaped to the varying size of the opening above
mentioned joined as described in 1 and 2.
(d). A bundle of iron wires surrounded by a coil of wire shaped and encased for
fitting within the opening aforesaid, and joined across as described in (a), (b), (c).
(c). A solid block of iron shaped to the varying size of the aforesaid opening.
(f). A solid block of iron surrounded by a coil of wire, shaped, encased, and
joined as described in (a), (b), (c), (d). Each of the appliances described is so
constructed that it can be connected with a battery condenser or like electrical
apparatus.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said John William Fuller in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
7th May 1881.
JOHN WILLIAM FULLER, of 52, Old Broad Street, in the City of London.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TELEGRAPH RECEIVING APPARATUS.
"
The object of my Invention is to obtain through long submarine telegraph cables
upon a modified form of mirror or reflecting galvanometer.
1. An enlargement or clearer definition of signals and at the same time.
2. More rapid and distinct readable telegraph signals than can be received upon
that instrument in its present form or forms of construction, and
3. A more advantageous working speed through longer lengths of submarine
telegraph cable than can now be done.
To effect the above improvements I construct the bobbin on which the
galvanometer coils are wound of peculiar shape, the opening or passage throughout
its centre being of various dimensions, diminishing as it approaches the part to be
occupied by the mirror; the consequence is that the conducting wire when wound
upon it is at different distances from the centre, according to the position in which
it surrounds the before mentioned opening.
The wire wound on the bobbin is in several sections or separate coils, and
arrangement is made for shunting the outer coils when they are not required.
At the end of the said central opening or passage in the bobbin I insert a special
contrivance for holding the suspended mirror, consisting of a semi-funnel shaped
tube or cup, and made so as to suit whatever range of reflected light may be
required upon the scale. I prefer this contrivance to fit in from the front, i.c., in
that side of the opening facing the scale.
At the other end of the aforesaid opening I insert as a sort of core within the
bobbin one of the following appliances:
(a). A special form of magnet consisting of two straight rods joined across at the
outer end.

page_text: (b). A double helical or "morse armature" shaped coil, joined as the magnet just
described.
(c). A bundle of iron wires shaped to the varying size of the opening above
mentioned.
(d). A bundle of iron wires surrounded by a coil of wire shaped and encased for
fitting within the opening aforesaid.
(c). A solid block of iron shaped to the varying size of the aforesaid opening..
(f). A solid block of iron surrounded by a coil of wire.
Each of the appliances described is so constructed that it can be connected with
a battery condenser or like electrical apparatus.
In order that my said Invention may be most fully understood and readily
carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the Drawings hereunto annexed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is a transverse section of the bobbin and coils of my receiving
instrument. It is wound in four sections a, b, c, and d, but the number may be
either less or more. The front coil section a has an opening in the centro of a size
only sufficient to receive the holder, in which the suspended mirror and magnet are
contained. This holder is shown by the Figures 2, the mirror and magnet being
arranged in the holder in the usual manner are not shown. The part of the holder
in which the mirror and magnet are held suspended is of cylindrical form, and from
this two wings project obliquely to the front, giving to the holder a semi-funnel
like form. These wings, which from their obliquity do not obscure the light from
the mirror whilst it moves through a sufficiently large angle, render it easy to
change the suspended magnet and mirror at any time when it may become
desirable. The holder being taken hold of by its wings can be drawn out from its
place in the centre of the part a of the coils, and put back in an instant.
The section b of the coils immediately behind the section a has an aperture
through it larger than the aperture in the coil a; and in the sections c and d the
apertures are again and again larger. Thus there is a coniform cavity within the
series of coils, and in this cavity I arrange adjusting appliances..
0
m represents the ordinary directing magnet above.
The following arrangement is made for shunting the outer coils when not
required-The coils are wound continuously in one direction from the commence-
ment of the section a to the finish of the section d, and the ends are brought down
to the blocks e and f, which are insulated by being fixed upon a vulcanite
mounting carried on the foot of the instrument, and shewn in plan at Figure 3.
The same mounting supports other insulated metal blocks g, h, and i. A wire
from the block g passes to the coil wire at a point between the sections c and d of
the coil, and the insertion of a metal peg into the socket provided for the purpose
between the blocks ƒ and g has the effect of shunting the back section d of the
coil. Similarly the block his connected with the coil wire between the sections b
and c, and tho insertion of a metal peg into the socket between f and h has the
effect of shunting the section c of the coil. Likewise the section b is shunted by
the insertion of a peg into the socket between f and i, and the insertion of a peg
between e and f shunts all the coils, and puts the instrument out of use.
Figure 4 shows again a transverse section of the coils of the instrument, and
with it one of the adjusting appliances which I provide. Appliance (a) consists of
two straight magnetic rods and joined across the north pole of one to the south
pole of the other by the iron connecting piece m; there are sockets on the connecting
piece through which the magnetic rods / and Z can slide.
In making the adjustment these rods can be independently pushed inwards and
drawn outwards with the fingers. They can also be moved together nearer to or
further from the suspended mirror, for they are carried in a holder n which is
coupled by the pin o with the slide p. This slide has a screw cut upon its stem

page_text: which passes through the thumb nut p¹, and by turning this nut the slide P is
moved to or from the coils carrying the adjusting appliance with it.
Figure 5 shows a section of the coils with my adjusting appliance (b). This is
a double helical armature. The two bobbins of insulated wire q, q, surround iron
cores which are furnished with the pole pieces q¹, q'; the ends of the wire are
brought out to the metal terminals 92, 92, by which connection with a battery or
with a condenser may be made. This adjusting appliance is mounted in a holder n,
similar to that represented in Figures 1 and 4, and by removing the coupling pin o
one appliance can be drawn out, and the other can then be put in its place.
Figure 6 shows a section of the coils, together with my adjusting appliance (c).
This consists of a bundle or mass of iron wires r closely compacted together, and of
a form to enter and fill the free aperture within the coils of the instrument. It is
contained in a brass holder 7', and like my other adjusting appliances, it is when
in use connected with the slide p by the coupling pin o, and the adjustment is
made by moving it inwards or outwards by turning the nut p¹.
My adjustment d I do not show by my Drawings, as it is in all respects similar
to my adjustment f, hereinafter more fully described, except only that a bundle of
iron wires compacted together, as in the adjustment c, takes the place of the Bolid
mass of iron to be found in the adjustment f
This
Figure 7 shows a section of the coils together with my adjustment c.
consists simply of a mass of iron 8, of a form to enter and fill the free aperturo
within the coils of the instrument, and which is accurately set to the position in
which the instrument is found to work best by means of the slide and nut p
and p'.
Figure 8 shows a section of the coils together with my adjustment f
This adjustment differs from the adjustment e, in that the iron block 8 is provided
with circumferential grooves in which the coils of insulated wire t are lodged; the
wire is wound all in one direction, and the ends are brought out to metal
terminals q, q, as described in respect to the appliance (b), so that the ends can at
pleasure be connected together, or with a battery or condenser.
In the adjustment of the instrument to work upon any long cable circuit with
which it may be required to operate, I make trail of these adjusting appliances in
succession, under the conditions and in the manners described, and I retain in use
that arrangement which I thus find to best suit the special case. This Invention
will enable a smaller core to be used in long ocean cables than at present.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner of
performing the same, I would have it understood that I claim,-
First. The peculiar construction of the galvanometer bobbins and coils, substan-
tially as described.
Second. My adjusting appliances severally and substantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John William Fuller, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twentieth day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
J. W. FULLER. (L.S.)