Improvements in or connected with Ventilating and Ventilating Apparatus.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 13th Feb, 1889
Complete Specification Left, 13th Nov., 1889-Accepted, 14th Dec., 1889
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Ventilating and Ventilating
Apparatus.
I, DE FONBLANQUE PENNEFATHER of 13 Rumford Street, Liverpool, in the County
of Lancaster, Cotton Broker, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention to be
as follows:-
The invention relates more particularly to those systems of ventilation, in or in
connection with which, heat produced by the combustion of a combustible gas, vapour,
spirit, oil or other substance is used as the primary means or mode which causes the
necessary movement of the air.
According to this invention fresh air is introduced, by causing the hot products of
combustion of combustible gas, vapour, oil, spirit, or other substance to act upon a
tube, pipe, conduit, or a conductor of heat connected therewith, said pipe, tube, or
conduit being in communication with the outside atmosphere or other space, directly
or indirectly and the heat I prefer to use is that given off by the flame of ordinary
gas, oil or vapour lamps or burners, which serve pimarily to light the room or space
to which the invention is applied, whereby I render such lights or lamps useful for
ventilating as well as for lighting.
According to another arrangement the foul or vitiated air of a room or space, or
fresh air in said room or space, may be extracted and passed through the wall or
partition enclosing said space, by causing the air, heated and acted upon by the flame,
of the gas, oil, spirit or other matter to act upon it and by means of nozzles, pipes or
conduits suitably arranged to effect the indraught and movement of said foul or vitiated
air, or said fresh air, by the air acted upon and heated by the said flame, one or more
of said pipes or conduits being in communication with the atmosphere, or other room,
or other space.
In conjunction with the latter mode of employing the heat of combustion, fresh air
may be introduced by means of pipes or conduits connected with the apparatus, as
first above specified.
A combination of said modes above specified consists in causing the hot products of
combustion of the flame and air, acted upon and heated thereby, to pass through a
nozzle or nozzles, or pipe or pipes, and creating thereby in or about the nozzles or
pipes an indraught of fresh air, the air being adimitted to the devices or apparatus
by a suitable pipe or conduit. The latter pipe or conduit may also be arranged in the
apparatus so as to be acted upon by the heated air, and products of combustion. In
this case the apparatus introduces into the room or space in which the light and
apparatus are placed, a certain quantity of fresh air.
By another arrangement the products of combustion may be led away outside the
room or space in which the flame is burning, by a pipe or conduit, and fresh air
introduced by another pipe, or conduit, arranged in said gas outlet pipe, and heated
by the passage of hot products of combustion through said outlet pipe or conduit.
In the case of a single light and ventilator, one form of the ventilating device may
be placed above the burner, and secured to the wall or other surface by a bracket or
arm, of hollow construction, which communicates with the outside atmosphere and
serves to introduce the air.
In the case in which a plurality of lights are arranged in series, or grouped, a pipe
or conduit common to two or more of the lights, may be adapted to introduce the air
to the ventilating devices or apparatus, either directly or through branches or
other means.
By the above described mode of and means for ventilating by means of the heat
generated by the combustion of gas, vapour, oil, spirit or other substance, I am enabled,.

page_text: 25
besides applying it to the numerous ordinary methods, to draw air from one room and
deliver it into another, or to ventilate " shops or other places having outside lamps,
by connecting said lamps in any of the ways, such as above specified, with the
interior of the shop by suitable pipes or conduits, through which the air would be
extracted. If the outside lamps be of the "Regenerative" type, 1 may connect the
regenerative chambers or passages with the interior of the shop or other space, as by
this means the air extracted would serve as the supply, to support combustion of the
gas or vapour, and would be a constant one, whereas if supplied with air, which is
not fairly acquiescent, such as if it were subjected to the action of wind, the action of
the lamp is liable to become unsteady and unsatisfactory.
Dated this 12th day of February 1889.
DE FONBLANQUE PENNEFATHER,
By Cheesbrough & Royston,
Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Ventilating and Ventilating
Apparatus.
I, DE FONBLANQUE PENNEFATHER, of 13, Rumford Street, Liverpool, in the County
of Lancaster, Cotton Broker, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The Invention relates more particularly to those systems of ventilation in or in
connection with which heat produced by the combustion of a combustible gas, vapour,
spirit, oil, or other substance, is used as the primary means or mode which causes the
necessary movement of the air.
According to this Invention fresh air is introduced, by causing the hot products of
combustion of combustible gas, vapour, oil, spirit, or substance, to act upon a tube,
pipe, conduit, or a conductor of heat connected therewith, said pipe, tube, or conduit
being in communication with the outside atmosphere or other space, directly or
indirectly and the heat I prefer to use is that given off by the flame of ordinary gas,
oil or vapour lamps or burners, which serve primarily to light the room or space to
which the invention is applied, whereby 1 render such lights or lamps useful for
ventilating as well as for lighting.
According to another arrangement, the foul or vitiated air of a room or space, or
fresh air in said room or space, may be extracted and passed through the wall or
partition enclosing said space, by causing the air heated and acted upon by the flame
of the gas, oil, spirit or other matter, to act upon it and by means of nozzles, pipes or
conduits, suitably arranged, to effect the indraught and movement of said foul or
vitiated air, or said fresh air, by the air acted upon and heated by the said flame, one
or more of said pipes or conduits being in communication with the atmosphere, or
other room or other space.
In conjunction with the latter mode of employing the heat of combustion, fresh air
may be introduced by means of pipes or conduits connected with the apparatus, as
first above specified.
A combination of said modes; above specified, consists in causing the hot products
of combustion of the flame and air acted upon and heated thereby, to pass through a
nozzle or nozzles, or pipe or pipes, and creating thereby in or about the nozzles or
pipes an indraught of fresh air, the air being admitted to the devices or apparatus by
suitable pipe or conduit. The latter pipe or conduit may also be arranged in the
apparatus so as to be acted upon by the heated air and products of combustion. In
this case the apparatns introduces into the room or space in which the light and
ipparatus are placed, a certain quantity of fresh air.
24.
:
By another arrangement the products of combustion may be-led away outside the
room or space in which the flame is burning, by a pipe or conduit, and fresh air

page_text: introduced by another pipe or conduit, arranged in said-gas outlet pipe, and heated by
the passage of hot products of combustion through said outlet pipe or conduit.
In the case of a single light and ventilator, one form of the ventilating device may
be placed above the burner; and secured to the wall or other surface by a bracket or
arm, of hollow construction, which communicates with the outside atmosphere and
serves to introduce the air.
In the case in which a plurality of lights are arranged in series, or grouped, a pipe
or conduit common to two or more of the lights may be adapted to introduce the
air to the ventilating devices or apparatus, either directly or through branches, or
other means.
27
By the above described mode of and means for ventilating by means of the leat
generated by the combustion of gas, vapour, oil, spirit, or other substance, I am
enabled besides applying it to the numerous ordinary methods, to draw air from one
room and deliver it into another, or to ventilate "shops or other places having
outside lamps, by connecting said lamps, in any of the ways such as above specified,
with the interior of the shop, by suitable pipes or conduits, through which the air
would be extracted. If the outside lamps be of the "Regenerative" type, I may
connect the regenerative chambers or passages with the interior of the shop, or other
space, as by this means the air extracted would serve as the supply to support
combustion of the gas or vapour, and would be a constant one, whereas if supplied
with air, which is not fairly quiescent, such as if it were subjected to the action of
wind, the action of the lamp is liable to become unsteady and unsatisfactory..
I will now describe the Invention with reference to the annexed drawings, which
serve to illustrate it, and which give several applications constituting so many
examples.
In the various views and Figures the same letters and Figures of reference are
used to denote the same or corresponding parts wherever they occur.
3
In Figures 1 and 1^, I show in sectional elevation and plan, respectively, an
arrangement in which the heated and rising air and gases, caused by the combustion
of gas at an ordinary burner, giving an ordinary illuminating gas flame, are adapted
to cause the introduction, into the room or space in which said flame exists, of a
volume of air from the outside atmosphere. In the Figure a is the gas flame, burning
at the burner b, and on the lamp bracket 6; is the dome or collector in and by
which the greater portion of the volume of burned gas and heated air due to the
combustion of the gas are collected; d is the chimney or funnel on said collector:
and e is a nozzle placed in the base of the chimney and through which the gases and
heated air pass from the collectors c into the chimney d. f denotes a partition or wall
of a building or structure; g is a chamber therein, having a protecting plate g' over
its entrance end and is a pipe or conduit forming connection between the outside
atmosphere, through g, and the chimney. In operation the hot gases of combustion
of the flame a, and heated air moved thereby, in rising, are collected by the collector c,
and pass from thence through the nozzle e into and up the funnel d, in which passage
they cause an indraught of air through the pipe , and this volume of fresh air
together with its motor gases and air are introduced into the space in which the light
and burner are placed. By this means a considerable volume of fresh air may be
introduced into a room or space and such room or space thereby ventilated to that
extent.
In the above description it has been assumed the burner and apparatus to be located
in a room in which the gas light aids in giving illumination to that room, but this
arrangement may be adapted to serve in other manners or for other combined lighting
and ventilating purposes.
For instance, if the space in which the hurner and
apparatus is placed be a passage, and the entrance end of the chamber g leads out of a
room, say of a house or office, then the passage would be lighted by the flame or light
and the room ventilated by the extraction of air. therefrom by the apparatus, the
combined volumes of gases and air being discharged into the passage. Or, the
entrance end of the chamber g may he in one room and the light and apparatus in
another, and so on, or any combination of such arrangements: .

page_text: Figure 2 shows in outside elevation, a slightly modified arrangement in which the
gas flame a is enclosed by an ordinary glass globe i, and the upper edge thereof, and
the lower edge of the collector, brought near each other or made to meet.
In Figures 3 and 3ª a modification is shown in which the radiant heat of the gas
flame a acting upon a reflector c, heats it, and it in turn heats the air in a passage h
behind the reflector c, this passage being in connection with the outside atmosphere at
the opposite side of the wall or partition f, or other space. In such cases, in order to
cause an effective heating of the reflector e and, a consequent effective indraught of
air, the reflector should be provided with dull portions, of a material which possesses
good heat absorbing and conducting qualities.
The example shown in Figures 4 and 44 in elevation and end view, respectively,
represent a plurality of combined lamps or lights and ventilators, arranged in series;
that is, a plurality of gas lights or flames a are each provided with a collecting hood c,
and chimney, said chimneys being in communication with the outside atmosphere, and
each other, by pipes h. The drawing shows this arrangement applied to a shop front,
with the fresh air inlet pipe or chamber g at one side of the window, or here and also
As a modification of
at g shown in dotted lines at the opposite side of the window.
this mode, a pipe / communicating with the outside and having, inside, holes therein,
through which air would be introduced, may be employed the flame being arranged to
act upon the pipe.
In Figure 5, I show in sectional elevation an arrangement wherein the motor burnt
hot gases and heated air are led from the collector c, by a pipe e, through the chimney d,
and out through the wall or partition f; the air, heated by the escaping hot gases and
air, in the space between the pipe e and chimney d being caused to ascend-due to its
being heated, and to thereby cause the introduction of fresh or other air through the
inlet pipe into the room or space. In such a case the light or lights in a room or
space would give out their illumination, and effect at the same time an introduction of
fresh air into it, discharging the noxious gases, resulting from the combustion of gas
and air, outside.
Figure 6 shows a gas lamp having an argand burner & surrounded or enclosed in a
glass chimney, through which light is emitted. The gases of combustion and are
led into a chimney proper d, larger than the chimney i, and through the annular
space between the upper and lower parts, respectively, of the chimneys i and d air is
caused to flow from the room or space in which the lamp or light is placed; and both
volumes of fluids may be conducted to any spot or part by the chimney d, and ejected.
The air for supporting combustion of the flame a is conducted to the burner & by a
pipe. This air may be taken from the outside atmosphere, or from any spot or
'space required to be ventilated.
The arrangement in Figure 7 is a modification of that described with reference to
Figures 1 and 6; namely the mouth of the chimney d is within the space or room in
which the light is placed, and air is admitted thereto from without, by the conduit h.
Thus this arrangement acts after the manner, and its effect is the same, as that set
forth more particularly with reference to Figures 1, 1ª, and 2.
دو
"Tobin
In Figures 8 and SA I show in side elevation and front view respectively a
tube ventilator, with improvements according to this Invention applied thereto. That
is to say, the light a and burner bare arranged in connection with the tube and the
heat of the flame acts upon the metal of the front of the tube (of which it the tube is
made) and heats it, and thereby causes the air inside the tube to become heated and to
rise, causing again the upward movement of fresh air within it. In Figure 9 a
modification is shown, in which the flame-a and burner bare located within the tube h,
a glass pane i being provided in the front of said tube for the emission of light. In
'both cases reflectors care provided.
<<
Figure 10 shows a Regenerative" lamp placed outside a shop or building and
provided with improvements according to this invention. The burner is at b, and b
is the body of the lamp, which it may be assumed is of any ordinary kind. The
apertures, in this case, through which air to support combustion of the gas pass to the
regenerative chamber and globe, are enclosed by a casing ', and the air is led to

page_text: the space enclosed by this casing by the pipe A, the inlet end of which opens out into
the interior of a shop, room, or space preferably in the upper part thereof passing
through the wall or partition. By this arrangement not only is the supply of air to
the burner prevented from being acted upon by the wind and from such cause
rendered variable and unsatisfactory, but air from the upper part of the shop or room,
outside which the lamp is disposed, is extracted and said shop or room thereby ventilated.
It will be evident various sorts of lamps may be disposed and adapted to operate after
this manner.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed it must be understood the
various arrangements of combined lighting and ventilating appliances, or apparatus,
above set forth, constitute merely so many examples according to the invention, and
that they may be varied and modified in many ways without departing therefrom;
also, that combinations of parts or arrangement of the different examples may he
employed, where any particular condition, or set of conditions, may render it desirable
or necessary; and 1 declare that what I claim in respect of the herein described
invention is:
1. The arrangement or combination of parts substantially as described, by which
the gases of combustion of a lighting flame or flames of gas, oil, spirit, or the like, or
air moved thereby, effects the introduction into or removal from, the room or space in
or in connection with which said lighting flame or flames is or are used or disposed
and adapted to illuminate it, of air for the purposes set forth.
2. In a ventilating systein, the combination with a gas, oil, or other equivalent
lamp, or light, employed for giving illumination to the space or room in which it is
located, of a device or apparatus acted upon by the heat due to combustion or by the
gases of combustion of the gas, oil or the like, and adapted to cause the introduction
into said room or space of atmospheric air; for the purposes set forth.
3. The mode of ventilating by and in combination with a gas, oil, or other flame, or
light, employed for giving illumination to the space or room to be ventilated,
substantially as herein described with reference to the drawings, more particularly
Figures 1 to 7, and 10, consisting in employing the ascending gases of combustion
(with or without other air heated thereby) to act as a motor fluid in the apparatus,
whereby the atmospheric air outside or in an adjoining or outer room or space, is
introduced into the apparatus and delivered therefrom into the room or space in which
the light is located also, apparatus constructed and arranged substantially as set
forth with reference to said Figures.
4. The mode of ventilating by or in connection with gas, oil, or other flame, or
light, employed for giving illumination to the space or room to be ventilated,
substantially as herein described with reference to Figures 3 and 34, consisting in
employing the radiant heat of said flame or light to act upon a metallic plate or the
like forming part of, or connected with, an air conduit, whereby the air in said conduit
becomes heated and rises, so causing the introduction into said room or space, of air
from the outside, or from an adjoining or other space or room: also, apparatus
arranged and constructed substantially as set forth with reference to said Figures.
5. The mode of ventilating by or in connection with a gas, oil, or other flame, or
light, employed for giving illumination to the space or room to be ventilated,
substantially as herein described with reference to Figure 5, consisting in collecting
the heated products of combustion of said flame or light and employing them to act
upon and heat a pipe or other surface in a conduit connected with the outside
atmosphere, or other space, or room, and thereby heat such air and cause its
introduction into the said room or space, the products of combustion being conducted
from said room or space and discharged from the apparatus by a pipe or conduit:
also, apparatus arranged and constructed substantially as set forth with reference to
said Figure.
6. In a ventilating system in which a gas, oil, or other flame, or light serves to give
illumination to the space or room in connection with which it is disposed. or placed, and

page_text: also to ventilate said space or room, the arrangement and combination of a plurality of
said lights or flames and ventilating devices or apparatus, in series, after the manner set
forth with reference to Figures 4 and 44: also, the apparatus arranged and constructed
substantially as set forth with reference to said Figures.
7. The combination with a "Tobin or like ventilating tube or apparatus, of a gas,
oil, or other flame, arranged and adapted to give illumination to the space or room
in which said tube or apparatus is placed, and to heat the air within said tube and
cause the introduction into said room or space of air from the said tube or apparatus,
substantially as in the manner described with reference to Figures 8, 8 and 9: also,
the arrangement and construction of such apparatus set forth with reference to said
Figures.
8. In the ventilating of rooms or spaces in which a gas, oil, or other flame, or light,
serves to illuminate the space or room in which it is located and also to cause the
ventilation thereof, supplying the air used to support combustion of the said gas, oil,
or the like from the outside atmosphere or other separate space or room, and
conducting the gases of combustion away from said room or space, substantially as set
forth with reference to Figure 6: also, apparatus arranged and constructed as set
forth with reference to said Figure.
9. In connection with the ventilating of rooms or spaces, the herein described mode
of ventilating rooms or enclosed spaces and suppl air to lamps placed outside such
rooms or enclosed spaces, consisting in connecthe apertures or passages for
supplying air to said lamp burner, or other part of lamp, or both, with the interior
of the said room or space, whereby air is withdrawn from said room or space, which is
thereby ventilated; substantially as described also, the arrangement of parts of such
a mode of ventilation, substantially as set forth with reference to Figure 10.
T L
1012
1000
DE FONBLANQUE PENNEFATHER.
By Cheesbrough & Royston,
15, Water Street, Liverpool, Agents for the Applicant.
DE FONBLANQUE PENNEFATHER.
By Cheesbrough & Royston,
15, Water Street, Liverpool, Agents for the Applicant.