Improvements in the Construction of Pumps.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 9th Feb., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 9th Nov., 1892-Accepted, 31st Dec., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Construction of Pumps.
I, CHRISTIAN HAMILTON GRAY of Silvertown in the County of Essex, Engineer,
do' hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The object of this invention is to provide a simple construction of pump (whether
single or double acting), which may be adapted to the raising of water and like
liquide, or of liquid acids.
In constructing a double-acting pump according to my invention, I provide a
cylinder, which I fit with a truncated hollow piston, the central portion of which
fits the bore of the cylinder.
The piston is open at one end, and at its closed end is fitted to a solid rod, which
works in glands carried by the cylinder cover.
The opposite end of this cylinder is formed with an extension of contracted
diameter, to receive the open end of the truncated piston, and it is fitted with a
gland to form a water-tight joint therewith.
The supply pipe enters this extension of the cylinder, and the liquid flows directly
into the hollow piston.
Near the centre and largest diameter of the piston, and on either side thereof,
the truncated portions are fitted with valves, which open outwards under the pressure
of the liquid which escapes into the cylinder.
An annular air chamber is formed around, this cylinder by means of a jacket
applied thereto.
The cylinder is fitted with two sets of valves near its opposite ends, which valves
open outwards, and allow of the liquid escaping into the chamber surrounding the
cylinder, and provided with a discharge pipe for delivering the liquid from the
pump.
The valves which I employ consist of india rubber rings sprung into anuular
grooves, turned on the exterior of the cylinder and piston respectively, and communi-
cating through drilled holes with the interior of the cylinder and of the piston.
As the piston is actuated, it will suck in a supply of liquid, and discharge it
through one or other of its series of valves, into the cylinder.
Similarly, the cylinder, when charged on either side of the piston, will be caused
to deliver the liquid at each stroke of the piston into the annular chamber formed
by the cylinder jacket, whence it will flow through the delivery pipe to a suitable
receiver.
It will be understood that these elastic ring valves will rise from their seats
under the pressure of the liquid, which will flow silently past them, and when
relieved of pressure, they will silently reseat themselves in their annular grooves.
In constructing a single-acting pump according to this invention, a solid piston
may be used, and the ring valves, instead of being applied thereto, may be applied
to a cylindrical inlet projecting into the cylinder.
The cylinder itself will be supplied with elastic ring valves, as above explained,
opening into an air chamber formed by jacketing that portion of the cylinder in
which the ring valves are situate.
When my improved pumps are required for pumping acids, I make the cylinder
of ebonite, or other acid-resisting material, and cover the jacket inside and out with
a like material. The piston also may be made entirely of ebonite, or other acid-
resisting material, and the metal piston rod is coated with a like material.
Dated this 9th day of February 1892

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Construction of Pumps.
I CHRISTIAN HAMILTON GRAY of Silvertown in the County of Essex, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :---
The object of this invention is to provide a simple and economic construction of
pump (whether single or double acting), which may be adapted to the raising of
water and like liquids, or to the raising of liquid acids.
In constructing a double acting pump according to my invention, I provide a
cylinder which I fit with a truncated hollow piston, the middle portion only of
which fits the bore of the cylinder.
This piston forms a supply channel for the pump, and is fitted with annular
elastic valves, which deliver the liquid to the cylinder.
The cylinder is formed with an annular casing. and within this casing it is also
fitted with annular elastic valves, for discharging the liquid driven out of the
cylinder by the reciprocating piston.
In the accompanying drawings,
Fig. 1 shews in side view a double acting pump constructed according to this
invention.
Fig. 2 is an end view of the same.
Fig. 3 is a longitudinal central section of the pump, and
Fig. 4 is a transverse section, taken in the line 1-2 of Fig. 3
In these figures, A is the cylinder, fitted with a truncated piston B.
A' A² are the covers of the cylinder, the one carrying a stuffing box to receive
the piston rod B', and the other a tubular projection A³, concentric with the
cylinder.
This tubular projection forms an opening for the passage of the liquid into the
pump, and it serves also as a guide upon which the piston travels.
C is a casing surrounding the cylinder B; it is made preferably in halves, and it is
secured to the cylinder by water-tight joints.
The piston B, it will be seen, is open at one end, and packed to fit water-tight
the tubular extension of the cover A². The opposite end of the piston is closed,
and to it is fitted the rod B¹.
.
The cover A is cast with a central flanged neck, to receive the pipe for supplying
liquid to the pump.
The liquid passing through the supply pipe, flows directly into the hollow piston.
The piston B is fitted with annular valves b, which open outwards under the
pressure of the incoming liquid, and allow it to escape (past the valves) into the
cylinder. D is an annular chamber formed around this cylinder by means of a
jacket casing C, which is cast with a flanged neck to receive a discharge pipe.
The cylinder is fitted with two sets of annular valves a near its opposite ends,
which valves open outwards, and allow of the liquid from the cylinder escaping into
the chamber D, and thence to the discharge pipe, which delivers the liquid from
the
pump.
The annular valves which I prefer to employ, consist of rings of india rubber or
equivalent elastic material. These valves (see Fig. 3) are sprung into annular
grooves turned on the exterior of the cylinder and piston respectively, which
grooves communicate through drilled holes with the interior of the cylinder and of
the piston.
As the piston is reciprocated, it will suck in a supply of liquid from the supply
pipe, and discharge it, through one or other of its series of valves, into the cylinder.
Similarly, the cylinder, when charged on either side of the piston, will be caused
to deliver the liquid, at each stroke of the piston, into the annular chamber formed

page_text: by the cylinder jacket, whence it will flow through the delivery pipe to a suitable
receiver.
It will be understood that these clastic ring valves will rise from their seats
under the pressure of the liquid, which will flow silently past them, and when relieved
of pressure, they will silently reseat themselves in their annular grooves, thereby
effectually closing the drilled holes which they cover.
By my arrangement for admitting liquid to the pump and discharging the liquid
therefrom, the necessity for the use of valve chests is removed, the liability of the
pump to choke is avoided, and great facilities are provided for replacing defective
valves.
As a modification of the pump, I may cast the cover A² with an external sleeve
to receive the supply pipe, as shewn in the sectional view Fig. 5.
In this example, the open end of the hollow piston enters the extension A³ of the
cover, which is supplied with suitable packing to fit the piston.
Fig. 6 is a longitudinal section of a single acting pump constructed according to
my invention.
In this case, a solid piston B is used, and the ring valves, instead of being applied
to the piston, are fitted, as at b, to the tubular internal projection on the cover A'
of the cylinder A.
The cylinder itself is supplied with elastic ring valves a, as above explained,
opening into chamber D, formed by jacketing that portion only of the cylinder in
which the ring valves are situate.
When my improved pumps are required for pumping acids, I make the cylinder A
of ebonite, or other acid resisting material, and cover the jacket casing C, inside
and out, with a like material. The piston B also may be made entirely of ebonite,
or other acid resisting material, and the metal piston rod is coated with a like
material.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The construction of pump above described, whereby I am enabled to dispense
with the use of valve chests, and to employ annular elastic valves both as suction
and delivery valves.
2. The means above described for adapting my invention to the pumping of
acids.
NEWTON & SON,
Agents for the Applicant.