IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MAKING UNTAPPED NUTS FOR SCREW BOLTS
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Benjamin Marsden, of Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, Screw Bolt Manufacturer, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MAKING UNTAPPED NUTS FOR SCREW
BOLTS."
Sealed the 13th July 1875, and dated the 16th January 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Benjamin Marsden
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 16th January 1875.
I, BENJAMIN MARSDEN, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Screw Bolt Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MAKING UNTAPPED NUTS FOR
SCREW BOLTS," to be as follows:-
:―
My Invention relates to improvements upon that machine for which
Letters Patent were granted to Philippe Kock; dated 13th December
1869, No. 3593, and the first object is facilitating the production of nuts

page_text: of hexagonal or octagonal form, for which purpose I use an additional
pair of swages or hammers, as they are called, which bring the sides of the
nuts approximately to the required shape. These-additional hammers I
propose to mount alongside the two ordinary side hammers, but with a
fixed part between them; and to give motion to them by a grooved cam
or cams, a part of which may also work the finishing hammers. The
back and front hammers are as now in use, excepting that the former
has a slight motion for the purpose of getting it clear of the side dies.
When the machine is required to make square nuts the additional
hammers may be disengaged from the cam or cams, and the angular 1
finishing hammers removed to be replaced by a pair with flat ends, and
the machine will then operate as usual, excepting that the hammers are
worked by the aforesaid grooved cam or cams.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Benjamin Marsden in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 16th July 1875.
.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, BENJAMIN
MARSDEN, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Screw Bolt
Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most. Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of January, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the
thirty-eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Benjamin Marsden, Her special
license that I, the said Benjamin Marsden, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Benjamin Marsden, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend; within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MAKING UNTAPPED NUTS FOR SCREW BOLTS;"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Benjamin Marsden,
by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what

page_text: manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Benjamin Marsden, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement and accompanying Drawings, that is to say:—
My Invention relates to improvements upon that machine for which
Letters Patent were granted to Phillippe Koch, dated the Thirteenth
day of December, One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, No. 3593,
and the object, firstly, is to facilitate the production of nuts of hexagonal
or octagonal shape, for which purpose I use an additional pair of swages
or hammers, as they are called, which bring the sides of the nuts
approximately to the required form, that is to say, they form angular
indentations in the bar, while a hexagonal piece of metal is being cut off
to be subsequently finished into the required nut.
In order clearly to explain this principle, and which constitutes the
peculiar feature of this part of my Invention, I will in the first place
describe by reference to detached views representing the operations of the
working parts which act upon the nut, it being understood that some of
them are similar to those described under the Patent of Philippe Koch
aforesaid.
Beginning with a plain bar of metal to be operated upon the end
thereof is in the first place cut into the shape represented at Fig. 1, and
this may be done by any suitable arrangement of cutting or squeezing
apparatus, and adapted if desired to the general machine. This however
does not constitute any part of my Invention, and assuming that this is
first done I proceed to describe the general operations of the working
parts by reference to Figs. 2, 3, 4, in which Fig. 2 represents in plan.
view the hammers or swages for forming the preparatory sides of the
nut in the bar, and those for operating on four sides of the nut after it
has been severed from the bar. Fig. 3 shows a vertical section of Fig. 2,
and also shews the cupping dic and block for shearing off the metal.
Fig. 4 shews hexagonal hammers, seen in Fig. 2, and also the back and
front hammers for flattening two sides of the nut, together with the
apparatus for discharging the said nut when finished.
At 1 is the cutter box fitted into the bed plate of the machine, having

page_text: a groove 2 through which the bar 3 to be operated upon is fed until it
arrives against a stop as usual. At 4 is the shearing block caused to
move upward and downward in the bed plate. At 5 is the cupping die,
as in the machine of the said Philippe Koch, and provided in like manner
with a spring pin 6. At 7, 8, are hammers or swages for forming the
preparatory indentations in the bar, and sliding in grooves formed below
the surface of the bed plate; and at 9, 10, are hexagonal hammers or
swages sliding in grooves on the surface of the bed plate, so that they
occupy a position above the others, 7, S. At 11, 12, are two flat-faced
hammers working on the same level as those shewn at 9, 10. At 13 is
the flattener, which is worked from beneath the bed plate, and is situate
beneath a plain part of the block in which the cupping die 5 is formed.
At 14 is a slide worked by a lever 15, and which discharges the finished
nut through the aperture 16. The operation of tlicse parts is as fol-
lows: It being assumed that the end of the bar to be operated upon is
of the shape represented at Fig. 1, the bar 3 in this condition being
pushed against it stop the shearing block 4 rises and severs the hexa-
gonal part by cutting through the line 17, while at the same time the
hammers or swages 7, 8, advance and form the triangular nicks as
preparatory sides for the next nut to be made. The block 4 rising still
further forces the severed nut into the cupping die 5 against the spring.
pin 6, and the said block then descends, and pauses on a level with the
surface of the bed plate, the spring pin forcing out the nut, and depositing
it on the said block. The hammer 10 now advances, and carries the
nut under the punch, which is represented by the dotted circle 18, the
other hammer 9 also having advanced, by which means the four sides of
the nut a, b, c, d, become hammered or swaged. The hammers 9, 10,
now retire, and the hammers 11, 12, advance and act upon the sides e, f,
as seen at Fig. 4. The hammers 11, 12, now retire, and those shewn at
9, 10, advance, again acting upon the sides a, b, c, d, and at the same
time the punch descends and pierces the nut. The punch being with-
drawn the hammer 9 retires, and the other 10 advances, carrying the
nut forward until it is over the flattener 13, and this by rising, when the
hammer has moved back to its first position, effects the finishing of the
nut. The slide 14 now advances, and thrusts the nut forward to fall
through the aperture 16, and then the operations arc repeated for suc-
cessive nuts.
*
In describing the construction and operation of these working parts
I have necessarily been obliged to refer to certain parts and movements

page_text: I shall hereafter point out that which I claim as my
Invention.
I will now proceed to describe the arrangement of machinery I
employ for giving motion to the parts above referred to.
Fig. 5 is an end view of the machine; Fig. 6, a side view; and
Fig. 7, a plan view.
At 20 is the framework, and at 21 the bed plate before referred to.
At 22 is the shaft from which all the motions are derived; upon the shaft
is a tappet 23, which acts upon a lever 24, turning on a centre 25, the
other end thereof being connected by a slot to a sliding piece. 26, which
carries the shearing block 4; and at 27 is another tappet which through
the medium of a lever 27 acts upon the flattener 10, causing it to
rise for the purpose above mentioned, the said flattener and shearer
being respectively brought down by the springs 28, 29. At 7, 8, are the
preparatory hammers or swages fixing to sliding parts 30, 31, the ends of
which are provided with rollers situate against the face of plates 32, 33,
on which are the projections 34, 35, for forcing them forward, and they
are brought back by means of springs. In the same part with the
plates 32, 33, are grooved cams 36, 37, in which are rollers 38, 39,
projecting from sliding pieces 40, 41, to which the hammers or swages 9,
10, are fixed.. The front flat hammer 12 is connected to a lever 42,
turning on a centre 43, which is worked by a cam upon the plate 32,
and is brought back by a spring 44; the back flat hammer is on a
sliding piece 45, which is worked by a tappet on the shaft 22, and drawn
back by a spring. The spring pin is shewn at 6, and the 'cupping die
at 5, the former being acted on by the spring 46. The punch is at 18
connected to a slide 47 worked by a lever 48, which is acted on by a
tappet 49, and the said lever is provided with a projecting part 50,
against which the said tappet arrives for the purpose of withdrawing the
punch from the nut. At 14 is the slide for discharging the nut through
the aperture 16, and is mounted on the lever 15, which at its other end
has a rod 51 acted on by a stappet on the shaft, and with which it is
kept in contact by a spring. The various cams and tappets are of course
so shaped and timed as to cause the operating parts to act in the manner
first described, but such order of motions may to some extent be
varied.

page_text: If it be desired to make square nuts in the above-described machine
the preparatory hammers may be disengaged from their cams, and the
angular finishing hammers removed to be replaced by a pair with flat
ends, and the machine will then operate as usual.
If octagon nuts are to be formed the only alteration required will be
the shape of the bammers or swages.
Having thus described and ascertained the nature of my said In-
vention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, I desire
it to be understood that I claim as secured to me under the above in
part recited Letters Patent, and for the purpose above set forth,-
The use of the preparatory.hammers or swages 7, 8, working in con-
junction with the other parts required to form the complete nut.
Also the combined cams for working the preparatory and other
hammers, as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Benjamin Marsden, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of July, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five.