Improvements in the Manufacture of Card-teeth and in Apparatus therefor.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 5th Mar., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 5th Dec., 1891-Accepted, 16th Jan. 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Card-teeth and in Apparatus
therefor.
I, MAURICE DUESBERG-DELREZ, of Verviers, in the Kingdom of Belgium,
Card Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of card-teeth and in
apparatus therefor and has for object to render such teeth more supple, elastic
and durable than those heretofore made and without increasing their cost of
production.
For this purpose I form cach card-tooth with supplementary angles at the base
thereof so as to present a broken curved or crooked line. To give this improved
form to the teeth I employ a former or striker and matrix of suitable form and
cause the backing to move in an opposite direction to that which it receives in
machines as hitherto constructed the teeth being pressed upwards at an angle of
inclination corresponding to the shape of the matrix.
I advantageously employ a striker or former provided with arms having one
surface convex and the other surface concave with relation to the adjacent rows of
teeth the end of the former or striker is so formed as not only to act as a hammer
in bending the teeth but also to form the angles slightly rounded; the two arms of
the striker can be regulated or adjusted independently of each other.
Dated the 5th day of March 1891.
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Card-teeth and in Apparatus
therefor.
I, MAURICE DUESBERG-DELREZ, of Verviers, in the Kingdom of Belgium,
Card Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of card-teeth and in
apparatus therefor, and has for object to render such tecth more supple, clastic
and durable than those heretofore made and without increasing their cost of
production.
For this purpose I form each card-tooth with supplementary angles at the base
thereof so as to present a broken curved or crooked line. To give this improved
form to the teeth I employ a former or striker and matrix of suitable form and
cause the leather or backing to move in an opposite direction to that which i
receives in apparatus as hitherto constructed, the teeth being pressed upwards at an
angle of inclination corresponding to the shape of the matrix.
I advantageously employ a striker or formner provided with arms having one
surface convex and the other surface concave with relation to the adjacent rows of
teeth; the end of the former or striker is so formed as not only to act as a hammer
in bending the teeth but also to form the angles slightly rounded; the two arms
of the striker can be regulated or adjusted independently of each other.

page_text: In order to enable my invention to be fully understood I will describe how it
can be carried into practice by reference to the accompanying drawings, in
which :-
Figures 1 and 2 represent elevations of card-teeth as hitherto made or set:
Figures 3 and 4 are similar views of card-teeth made according to my invention;
and,
Figures 5 and 6 are respectively an elevation and plan of the apparatus I employ
for forming the card-teeth.
Referring to Figure 3 it will be seen that the base of each tooth no longer con-
stitutes a straight line but an angle, the top of which is situated at the side whence
the points of the teeth are directed; while in Figure 4 the base of the tooth is
formed with two angles, the tops of which are on opposite sides.
It will be understood that owing to my invention besides the general flexibility
which exist at the base, that is to say, at the point near where the tooth is inserted
in the leather (or other material employed) and throughout the length of the card,
flexibility will also exist at each bend of the crooked wire that actually forms the
card-tooth. With the double supplementary angle or bend, as shown in Figure 4,
there are three angles in all, which give a considerable amount of flexibility. It
will be readily understood that in carding any material, owing to my invention, I
obtain with the same steel wire and the same total length between the leather and
the end of the teeth, a much greater flexibility and therefore smoothness of action,
suppleness and vibration, at the same time giving greater durability to the leather,
felt, rubber or other card clothing in which the teeth are inserted, the teeth being
less liable to break.
The angles and the length of the teeth between the said angles may be varied
according to requirements.
In carrying out the invention I make use of an apparatus, the construction and
operation of which will be hereinafter described.
Hitherto in order to form ordinary card-teeth it has only been necessary to
employ a simple hooked tool which pulls the tooth in a downward direction over a
metal tongue.
In order to form my improved card-teeth it is necessary to modify
this process as it is not sufficient to proceed as hitherto by drawing the tooth over
a tongue whereby it became bent. A complete knee or bend (or several) should
be obtained in the desired conditions of regularity and I proceed by producing
pressure by means of a blow exerted on the tooth and by a moulding action and I
arrange the movement of the backing or leather to be in an inverse direction, that
is to say, I press or mould the teeth in the form desired in such a manner that their
points may be forced upwards.
For this purpose I make use of a special form of presser or bender. It will be
obvious to a workman skilled in the art to which this invention relates that what is
to be avoided here is that the tool, acting on the tooth after having formed the
teeth of a first row and in operating on the set teeth for the lower row, may not
come in contact with such first row as it is necessary to prevent the tool operating
injuriously upon the end of the tooth which has just been formed. To avoid this
danger 1 have had recourse to an oscillating movement, with hammer action, and
have devised a special form of hammer or bender hereinafter described and shewn
in Figures 5 and 6.
In order to give the wire the novel form desired I employ a matrix corresponding
to the external shape of the wire and form the end of the bender or former of a
shape corresponding to the slightly rounded bend or bends with which the angle or
angles of the tooth is or are formed.
A is the backing or leather which receives a lateral and vertical movement in a
known manner.
C is the table, the upper part of which forms the matrix, shaped as shewn in the
drawings. B is the bender or former which receives a hammer-like movement and
operates at the same moments as the tool now usually employed; this bender is
made in two parts, as shewn in Figure 5, in order to be able to separately regulate

page_text: one of the two legs or branches of a tooth. A is a set-screw for securing and
regulating the bender and C', C₁ are similar screws for adjusting the benders in a
forward and backward direction. D are points on which pivots the arrangement of
bender or former.
On a straight tooth being forced into the backing or leather the end, forming the
hammer of the bender, strikes against the wire and presses it into the material, at
the same time directing the point of the tooth upwards, the known lateral and
vertical movements of the leather regularly bringing a fresh tooth in front of the
hammer. The peculiar form of this bender or hammer has precisely for object to
prevent a prejudicial contact between the hammer and a row of teeth which has
just been stamped.
The upper side of this bender has a convex form, the effect of which is that,
when once the end of the bender has engaged beneath a tooth of the upper row,
the tooth immediately widens out and afterwards this convex part of the bender
comes against and beneath the upper part of this tooth, the convex part of the
bender and the upper part of the tooth becoming parallel to each other with
identical inclination.
The bender is also provided with a concave part corresponding with the convex
part and which has for object to allow a free space to the tooth, at the moment
when under the pressure of the hammer of the bender, it rises behind, so that the tooth
may not be exposed to a contact which would alter its shape. This configuration
of the bender has also for object that, when this bender or hammer is drawn back
in order to act on an adjacent tooth, it will not act on the tooth just formed.
When the teeth are to be formed with several bends or knees the shape of the
matrix and of the hammer need only to be altered accordingly as will be well
understood without illustration.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I.
claim is :-
1. A card-tooth formed with supplementary angles at the base as, and for the
purpose, hereinbefore described.
2. Exerting pressure by a blow upon the tooth during its contact with the matrix
of suitable shape, the direction and motion of the leather or backing being in the
reverse direction to that in ordinary machines, the teeth being pressed upwards at
a special inclination with relation to the matrix.
3. The peculiar construction of bender or former which presents a convexed
surface and a concave surface in relation with the adjacent rows of teeth for the
purpose described, the end being shaped so as to form a hammer for the purpose
not only for giving the required blow to the tooth but of forming the slightly
rounded angles, the said bender or former being made in two separately adjustable
parts.
4. The combination of the herein described bender or former with a matrix
corresponding to the form given to the tooth substantially as hereinbefore described
and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Dated the 5th dor of Donamber 1801
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicant.