Improvements in and Connected with Lock Nuts.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 21st Sept., 1888
Complete Specification Left. 21st June, 1889-Accepted, 27th July, 1889
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and Connected with Lock Nuts.
PETER JOSEPH WILSON Rose Bank, Grove Road Dore, near Sheffield, in the
County of Derby, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows
The object of my invention is to provide a simple means for preventing the
accidental unscrewing, or turning back of a nut upon a bolt, or screw under the
influence of vibration or other such cause.
At Figs. 1, and 2, I show a hexagonal right-handed helical spring nut, wound with
the requisite number of Coils, to correctly represent the number of threads per inch
for a 1 nut (Whitworth-pitch) viz.: 8 threads per inch; thus, the bars, Fig's. 24,
or 25, from which the nut is wound, would be an "inch in thickness; (but for the
purposes of this invention. I shall call "thickness" width,) but I can also forge the
nut solid, and saw it spirally, in which case I should tap it afterwards.
Part of my object in winding the nut is to obviate the necessity of "tapping,"
which is the reason for my using bars similar to the sections shown at Fig's. 24
and 25, or any other suitable section.
Fig's. 3, and 4, shows a nut made in a similar manner to the above the only
difference being that its helix is a left-handed one.
Fig's. 5, and 6, illustrates a partly right-handed helical, and partly solid nut.
Fig's. 7 and 8, illustrates a partly left-handed helical, and partly solid nut.
Fig's. 9, 10, 11 and 12, are similar to Fig's. 5, 6, 7 and 8, with this difference,
that the helical part is at the bottom of the nut, in place of being at the top.
Fig's. 13, 14, 15 and 16, are partly right-handed and partly left-handed helical,
and partly solid nuts, the helical part being in the centre of the nut in each case.
Fig's. 17 and 18 represent a Cone, which may be made of India-rubber, Vulcanized
Fibre, Gutta-Percha, or any other Material which possesses the property of clasticity,
and which may be used as an "elastic binding cushion," (either singly or in com-
bination), with the helical spring nut, as shown at Fig's. 19 and 20.
Fig's. 19, and 20, show sections of a partly right-handed, and partly left-handed
belical, and partly solid coned nut. Fig. 19, shows the elastic cone in its position in
the nut. Fig. 20 shows the nut without the cone.
Fig. 21, is similar to Fig's. 13, 14, 15, and 16, with the exception that the helical
part is made round and reduced to the diameter of the flats of the nuts.
Fig. 22, is similar to Fig's. 5, 6, 7, and 8, with the exception that the helical part
is made round, and reduced to the diameter of the flats of the nuts.
Fig. 23, is similar to Fig's. 9, 10, 11, and 12, with the exception that the helical
part is made round and reduced to the diameter of the flats of the nuts.
Figs. 24 and 25, show sections of bars similar to those which I should use in the
case of winding the nuts.
Fig. 26, shows a section of bar similar to those which I should use in case I do not
wind the helix to any particular pitch, in which case I should afterward tap the helix
to any pitch I might require so that the number of threads would vary according to
the width of the bar and the pitch of the threads, as in some cases I might have four
threads in a particular width of bar, while in the same width of bar in another
case, I might have only one, or one and a quarter threads.
By width of bar I mean that, supposing a bar from which I wound a nut
was "of an inch, by " inch, for the purposes of this invention I should say that
the bar was "inch wide.
Fig. 27 shows a right and left-handed helical spring union nut, with solid centre
and ends, the helical part being round and reduced to the diameter of the flats of
the nut.

page_text: Fig. 28, is a half section of Fig. 27 on line A. B.
Fig. 29, is similar to Fig. 27, with the exception that it has no solid ends.
Fig. 30, is a half section of Fig. 29.
If Fig. 29, was severed at B, then AB would represent the section of a round
helical spring nut.
I have not shown an illustration of a square nut; but what applies to the hexagonal
nut, as well as the cylindrical nut, applies equally to the square nut, or any other
suitable geometrical form of nut.
I also make right or left-handed threads, in both right and left-handed helixes,
eg. if I had a right-handed helical blank nut, I should cut in it either a right-
hand thread, or a left-hand thread, whichever of the two suited my purpose best.
And in every case the thread in the helical part of the nut has a less diameter
than the solid part, (e.g. : a one inch nut would be less than one inch diameter in the
helical part; but would be one inch diameter in the solid part; but in the case of
a one inch nut as at Fig. 1, which is wholly helical it would be less than one inch so
as to cause it to grip the bolt tightly when it was screwed on.
The steel Nuts I prefer to harden, and temper, and case harden the Iron nuts; but
I do not say that in either case it is a necessity.
With this class of nut, it is not necessary that the screwed part of a bolt should be
absolutely parallel with its axis, as the nut possessing, Annular Elasticity, it has the
power to accommodate itself to any reasonably varied circumstances.
Fig. 31, shows section of a box nut containing helical spring nut.
Fig. 32, is a half plan of Fig. 31.
Fig. 33, shows helical spring as coiled before being put inside box nut Fig. 31; a
small pin-like end of helix fits into notch in box, and in that manner the helix is
carried round the thread of bolt.
Dated this 10th
1
1000
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and Connected with Lock-nuts.
I, PETER JOSEPH WILSON Rose Bank. Grove Road, Dore near Sheffield, in tho
County of Derby, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :—
The object of my invention is to provide a simple means for preventing the accidental
"unscrewing, or turning back of a nut upon a bolt or screw, under the influence of
vibration or other such cause.
In the "Drawings left with the Provisional Specification," at Figs. 1 & 2, I show a
hexagonal right-handed helical nut, wound with the requisite number of coils, to
correctly represent the number of threads per inch for a one inch nut (Whitworth
Pitch) viz. 8 threads per inch; thus, the bars Figs. 24 & 25 from which the nut may
be wound would be one " of an inch in thickness; (but for the purposes of this
invention, I shall call "thickness
width"), but I can also forge the nut solid,
8.
and saw it helically or spirally.
23
+6
A nut made in this manner would have to be tapped, which may be done either
before or after the sawing.
Part of my object in winding the nut is to obviate the necessity of "lapping" which
is the reason for my using bars similar to the sections shown at Figs. 24 or 25 or any
other suitable Section.
Fig. 3 & 4 shows a nut made in a similar manner to the above, the only difference
being, that its helix is a left-handed one.
.
Figs. 5 and 6, illustrates a partly right handed helical, and partly solid nut.
Figs. 7 and 8, illustrates a partly left-handed helical, and partly solid nut.
Figs. 9, 10, 11 and 12, are similar to Figs. 5, 6, 7 and 8, with this difference, that
the helical part is at the bottom of the nut in place of being at the top.

page_text: Figs. 13, 14, 15 and 16 are partly right-handed and partly left-handed helical, and
partly solid nuts, the helical part being in the centre of the nut in each case.
Figs. 17 and 18 represent à cone, which may be made of India-rubber, Vulcanized
Fibre Gutta-Percha, or any other material which possesses the property of elasticity,
and which may be used as an "elastic binding cushion," (either singly, or in com-
bination), with the helical nut; by singly," I mean that it could be used in connection
with a solid coned nut, such as would be represented at Figs. 19 and 20, if the helical
part of the nut were to be removed.
::
Figs. 19 and 20, shows sections of a partly right-handed, and partly left-handed,
helical, and partly solid coned nuts. Fig. 19, shows the elastic cone in its position in
the nut, Fig. 20, shows the nut without the cone.
Fig. 21 is similar to Figs. 13, 14, 15 & 16, with the exception that the helical part
is made round and reduced to the dia. of the flats of the nuts.
Fig. 22 is similar to Figs. 5, 6, 7 and 8 with the exception that the helical part is
made round, and reduced to the diameter of the flats of the nuts.
Fig. 23, is similar to Figs. 9. 10. 11, and 12 with the exception that the helical part
is made round, and reduced to the diameter of the flats of the nuts.
Figs. 24 and 25, show sections of bars similar to those which I should use in the
case of winding the nut to any given pitch. The bars in the case of small nuts could
be rolled and drawn to the proper size and shape, while in the case of the large nuts
rolling would be quite sufficient.
Fig. 26, shows a section of bar similar to those which I should use in case I
do not wind the nut to any particular pitch, in which case I should afterwards
tap the helix to any pitch I might require so that the number of threads would
vary according to the width of the bar, and the pitch of the thread, as in some
cases might have four threads in a particular width of bar, while in the same
width of bar in another case I might have only one or one and a quarter threads.
By width of bar, I mean that supposing a bar from which I wound a nut was
"of an inch, by " inch, for the purposes of this invention I should say that the
bar was "wide.
Fig. 27, shows a right and left-handed helical union nut, with solid centre and
ends, the helical part being round and reduced to the dia. of the flats of the nuts.
This I could make, either as a forgeing, or cast it in steel or Malleable Iron; but
in any case I should tap it and saw it spirally afterwards.
Fig. 28, is a half section of Fig. 27 on line AB.
Fig. 29, is similar to Fig. 27, with the exception that it has no solid ends.
Fig. 30 is a half section of Fig. 29.
If Fig. 29, was severed at B, then AB. would represent the section of a round
helical nut.
I have not shown an illustration of a square nut; but what applies to the
hexagonal, as well as the cylindrical nut, applies equally to the square, or any
other suitable geometrical form of nut.
I also make right or left-handed threads, in both right and left-handed helixes;
e.g. if I had a right handed helical blank nut 1 should cut in it either a right-
hand thread, or a left-hand thread whichever of the two suited my purpose best,
and in every case, the thread in the helical part of the nut, has a less dia. than
the solid part, (e.g.: a one inch nut would be less than one inch dia. in the helical
part; but would be one inch dia. in the solid part; but in the case of a one inch
nut as at Fig. 1 which is wholly helical it would be slightly less than one inch,
so as to cause it to grip the bolt tightly when it was screwed on.
The nuts can be coiled in various ways, one of the most common would be to
coil them on a mandrill, guided by a simple traversing bar with a hole to allow
the mandrill to pass through, and thus by pressure keep the bar on edge, and each
of the convolutions vertical to the other.
The flats can be put on by filing or, by any kind of suitable milling tools.
Fig. 31, shows section of a box-nut containing helical nut.
Fig 32 is a half ulan of Fig. 31.

page_text: Fig. 33, shows helical nut as coiled before being put inside box-nut Fig. 31, a
small pin-like end of helix fits into a notch in box, or, it may be cast in, in the
core, and in that manner the helix is carried round the thread of bolt.
The steel nuts I prefer to harden and temper, and case harden the Iron nuts ;
but I do not say that in either case it is a necessity.
In the case of the helical part of the nut as shown at Figs. 5, 7, 9 11, 22,
and 23, I can forge the solid part of the nut, and braze, or weld on to it the
helical part already made, or the bar, and wind it helically afterwards, in this case
it would not require to be sawn.
With this class of nut it is not necessary that the screwed part of a bolt
should be absolutely parallel with its axis, as the nut possessing annular elasticity,
it has the power to accommodate itself to any reasonably varied circumstances.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1st. The peculiar construction of nuts for various uses, substantially as herein
described and illustrated, and may be made of Steel, Iron, Brass, or other suitable.
Metal.
2nd. The "Elastic binding Cushion" as shown at Figs. 17 and 18 to be used in
connection with the coned nut.
101
T
1000
PETER JOSEPH WILSON.