IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR MEANS EMPLOYED PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION EMOYED IN THE PRINTING OF YARNS FOR CARPETS AND OTHER FABRICS
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Crossley, Carpet Manufacturer, of Halifax, in
the County of York, and James Bolton, of the same Place, Overlooker,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR MEANS EMPLOYED
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Crossley and
James Bolton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 21st August 1856.
We, JOSEPH CROSSLEY, Carpet Manufacturer, of Halifax, in the County of
York, and JAMES BOLTON, of the same Place, Overlooker, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR MEANS
EMPLOYED IN THE PRINTING OF YARNS FOR CARPETS AND OTHER FABRICS," to be as
follows:-
Yarns to be printed different colors previous to being woven, in order that
when woven ornamental effects may be produced by the disposition of the
colors printed thereon, are, in order to such printing, coiled upon drums or
cylinders, or as is sometimes the practice, laid on flat surfaces, but in each case
an oiled cloth is first placed on the cylinder or other surface for the purpose of
receiving the yarns to be printed, and when printed, both oiled cloth and yarns
are removed from the printing surface, and the cloth being separated from them,
the yarns are steamed, washed, and dried.
These cloths have to be washed and cleansed after the printing of each set
of yarns, but it is found difficult to remove entirely all the colouring matter
adhering thereto, and the darker tints remaining too often soil the uncoloured
parts or more delicate tints next applied to the yarns; and our improvements

page_text: consist in coating such oiled or other cloths with oil paint previous to their
being used for the above purpose, by which a better surface is given thereto.
We prefer the use of lead, but any metallic oxides or their salts may be used,
thus the coloring matter is prevented from penetrating into the cloth. We also
find by this improvement the cloths are more easily washed. And our im-
provements also apply to the use for the purpose stated of cloth prepared by a
coating of india-rubber or gutta percha.
And when the yarns have been printed, and taken from the drums or other
machines upon which they have had coloring matter applied to them, they
have been placed upon and surrounded with the shellings of oats or chopped
straw, the object of which has been to prevent the colours from running into
each other when subjected to steam for the purpose of the colors being fixed;
but great inconvenience has been felt in obtaining a sufficiency of these
shellings or shudes, and also great imperfections have arisen owing to the
shellings which have been stained by dark colors in one steaming happening to
come in contact with light colors in the next, and thus staining the yarns with
colors not intended. Some inconvenience has also arisen owing to the difficulty
of the steam not penetrating through the shellings, so as to get equally to all
parts of the yarn. Our improvements further consist in almost, if not entirely,
superseding the use of the shellings or chopped straw, by supporting the yarns
during the steaming process upon open work of cords, metallic or fibrous, forming
a sort of cradle; or the said cradlo'may be a sort of creel formed by bars of wood,
upon which may be placed a sufficient quantity of oat shellings to prevent the
colors from staining the wood; but by this improvement the quantity of shellings
required will be very small, as none will be required for the purpose of covering
up the yarns; and cloths or other receivers are placed under each cradle to
catch any droppings of color from the yarns during the steaming process, and
thereby prevent the colors of one set falling upon and mixing with those
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Joseph Crossley and James Bolton in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 21st February 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, .we, JOSEPH.
CROSSLEY, Carpet Manufacturer, of Halifax, in the County of York, and
JAMES BOLTON, of the same Place, Overlooker, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of August, in the year of our Lord

page_text: ne thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the twentieth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
Joseph Crossley and James Bolton, Her special licence that we, the said
Joseph Crossley and James Bolton, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as we, the said Joseph Crossley and James Bolton, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
OR MEANS EMPLOYED IN THE PRINTING OF YARNS FOR CARPETS AND OTHER FABRICS,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Joseph Crossley and
James Bolton, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under our or their hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us, or
them, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Joseph Crossley and James Bolton,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
Yarns to be printed different colours previous to being woven, in order that
when they are woven ornametal effects may be produced upon the fabric
obtained by the disposition of the colors printed thereon, are, in order to such
printing, coiled upon drums or cylinders, or as is sometimes the practice, laid on
flat surfaces, but in each case an oiled cloth is first placed on the cylinder or
other surface for the purpose of receiving the yarns to be printed, in place of the
yarns being simply laid on the cylinder or other surface, and when printed,
both oiled cloth and yarns are removed from the printing surface, and the
cloth being separated from them, the yarns are steamed, washed, and dried.
These cloths have to be washed and cleansed after the printing of each set
of yarns, but it is found difficult to remove entirely all the coloring matter
adhering thereto, especially after repeated use and washings, when by the oil
becoming removed, the colors unite themselves more closely with the fibres
of the cloth, and the darker tints remaining thereon too often soil the
uncolored parts or more delicate tints to the yarns next applied. And
our improvements consist in coating such oiled or other cloths with oil
paint previous to their being used for the above purpose, by which a better

page_text: surface is given thereto. We prefer the use of lead paint, but paint obtained
from any metallic oxides or their salts may be used. By thus painting the
surfaces of such cloths, we find that the coloring matter is prevented from
penetrating into the cloth, and when soiled they may be repainted. We also
find by this improvement the cloths are more easily washed. And our
improvements under this part of the Invention also apply to the use for the
purpose stated of cloth prepared by a coating of india-rubber or gutta percha.
When the yarns have been printed and taken from the drums or other
machines upon which they have had coloring matter applied to them, it has
been usual to place them upon, and so as to be surrounded by, the shellings of
oats-or-chopped straw, to prevent the colors from running into each other when
subjected to the steaming process employed for the purpose of fixing the colors;
but from the quantity which (by the process as hitherto adopted) it has been found
necessary to use, great inconvenience has been felt in obtaining a sufficiency of
these shellings or shudes, rendering it necessary to use the same for repeated
operations, whereby great imperfections have arisen to the patterns afterwards
formed by the setting and subsequent weaving, owing to the shellings which
have been stained by dark colors in one steaming happening to come in contact
with light colors in the next, and thus staining the yarns with colors not
intended. Some inconvenience has also arisen by the quantity of shellings
used preventing the steam penetrating so as to get equally to all parts of the
yarn. And our improvements also consist in almost, if not entirely, superseding
the use of the shellings or chopped straw, by supporting the yarns during the
steaming process upon open work of cords, metallic or fibrous, forming a sort
of cradle; or the said cradle may be a sort of creel formed by bars of wood or
trays perforated, upon which are placed a sufficient quantity of oat shellings to
prevent the colors from staining the wood and communicating these stains
to yarns subsequently placed on them; but by this improvement the quantity of
shellings required is found to be very small, as none, or comparatively few, are
required for the purpose of covering up the yarns. Cloths or other receivers
are placed under and over each cradle or tray to catch any droppings of color
from the yarns thereon during the steaming process, and thereby prevent the
colors of one set falling upon and mixing with those below.
Zinc or other metallic trays we find to answer well for these receivers, as they
not only serve to collect the colors which may drop from the yarns in the creel
placed over them, but also to receive the water of condensation from the steam
employed in the steaming process. And by the use of suitable receivers
between the different layers of yarns to collect any droppings therefrom, the
necessity for the use of cocoa-nut fibre on the top of each layer is avoided.

page_text: Having thus described the nature of our said Invention, we would have it
understood that we do not confine ourselves to any precise details herein
referred to; but what we claim,-
First, is the employment of painted cloths in the processes of printing yarns
previous to weaving, substantially as explained.
Secondly, we claim the employment of open work or perforated supports for
the yarns during the steaming process, combined with the use of cloths or other
suitable receivers placed between such supports of the yarns for the purpose of
catching the droppings therefrom.
In witness whereof, we, the said Joseph Crossley and James Bolton,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Eighteenth day of
February, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
fifty-seven.
Witness,
P. PALETHORPE,
Halifax.
JOSEPH CROSSLEY. (L.s.)
JAMES BOLTON.
(L.S.)

page_text: the Matter of a Patent granted to JOSEPH CROSSLEY, Carpet
Manufacturer, of Halifax, in the County of York, and JAMES
BOLTON, of the same Place, Overlooker, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS OR MEANS EMPLOYED IN THE PRINTING
OP YARNS FOR CARPETS AND OTHER FABRICS," bearing date the 21st day
of August 1856, and which Letters Patent have been duly assigned,
so far as regards the interest of the said James Bolton therein, to
and are now vested in John Crossley, the said Joseph Crossley, and
Francis Crossley, all of Halifax, in the County of York, Carpet
Manufacturers.
AIMER AND MEMORANDUM OF ALTERATION proposed to be
tered by the said John Crossley, Joseph Crossley, and Francis Crossley,
such Patentee and Assignees as aforesaid, in the Great Seal Patent
fice according to the Statutes in that case made and provided.
EREAS we have discovered that the first part of the Invention as
ed in the Specification of the said Letters Patent does not possess that
of utility anticipated, we for this reason desire to disclaim, and we
eby disclaim that part of the said Specification described in the

page_text: following words, commencing at page 3, line 32, of the printed copy of the
said Specification (as published at the Great Seal Patent Office.)
€6
66
"These cloths have to be washed and cleansed after the printing of each set of
yarns, but it is found difficult to remove entirely all the coloring matter adhering
thereto, especially after repeated use and washings, when by the oil becoming
" removed the colors unite themselves more closely with the fibres of the cloth, and
"the darker tints remaining thereon too often soil the uncolored parts or more
"delicate tints to the yarns next applied. And our improvements consist in
coating such oiled or other cloths with oil paint previous to their being used for
the above purpose, by which a better surface is given thereto. We prefer the
use of lead paint, but paint obtained from any metallic oxides or their salts
may be used. By thus painting the surfaces of such cloths we find that the
coloring matter is prevented from penetrating into the cloth, and when soiled
they may be repainted. We also find by this improvement the cloths are more
easily washed. And our improvements under this part of the Invention also
apply to the use for the purpose stated of cloth prepared by a coating of india-
rubber or gutta percha," together with the first claim as expressed in the
following words at lines 4 and 5 of page 5 of the said printed copy :-"First,
" in the employment of painted cloths in the processes of printing yarns previous
"to weaving, substantially as explained."
66
66
"
6
"
.
And whereas it has come to our knowledge that previous to the date of the
said Letters Patent, trays for the purpose stated under the second head of
Invention had been used perforated with small holes, we for this reason
desire also to disclaim as parts of the said Specification the words "or trays
perforated," as contained at page 4, lines 25 and 26 of the said printed-
copy, together with the words "or perforated" in the second claim, page 5,
-line 6.
And in order to remove any doubt as to the extent of Invention secured
by this second claim, we desire to introduce the words "herein described"
after the word "supports" in line 6, page 5.
And then in order to render the remainder of the Specification consistent,
we desire to alter the same by striking out the word "also," page 4, line 22,
of the said printed copy, together with the word "but," line 28 of the same
page, also by the introduction of the word "is" after the words "we claim,"
page 5, line 8, and the striking out of the words "Secondly, we claim," line 6
of the same page.
And in order that the effect of such Disclaimer and Memorandum of
Alteration when allowed may fully appear, we annex a copy of the Specification

page_text: Yarns to be printed different colors previous to being woven, in order that
when they are woven ornamental effects may be produced upon the fabric
obtained by the disposition of the colors printed thereon, are, in order to such
printing, coiled upon drums or cylinders, or as is sometimes the practice laid
on flat surfaces, but in each case an oiled cloth is first placed on the cylinder
or other surface for the purpose of receiving the yarns to be printed, in place
of the yarns being simply laid on the cylinder or other surface, and when
printed both oiled cloth and yarns are removed from the printing surface, and
the cloth being separated from them the yarns are steamed, washed, and dried.
When the yarns have been printed and taken from the drums or other
machines upon
which they have had coloring matter applied to them, it
has been usual to place them upon, and so as to be surrounded by, the
shellings of oats or chopped straw, to prevent the colors from running into
each other when subjected to the steaming process employed for the purpose
of fixing the colors, but from the quantity which (by the process as hitherto
adopted) it has been found necessary to use, great inconvenience has been
felt in obtaining a sufficiency of these shellings or shudes, rendering it necessary
to use the same for repeated operations, whereby great imperfections have
arisen to the patterns afterwards formed by the setting and subsequent
weaving, owing to the shellings which have been stained by dark colors in one
steaming happening to come in contact with light colors in the next, and
thus staining the yarus with colors not intended. Some inconvenience has
also arisen by the quantity of shellings used preventing the steam penetrating
so as to get equally to all parts of the yarn.. And our improvements consist
in almost, if not entirely, superseding the use of the shellings or chopped
straw by supporting the yarns, during the steaming process, upon openwork
of cords, metallic or fibrous, forming a sort of cradle, or the said cradle may
be a sort of creel formed by bars of wood, upon which are placed a sufficient
quantity of oat sbellings to prevent the colors from staining the wood, and
communicating these stains to yarns subsequently placed on them. By this
improvement the quantity of shellings required is found to be very small, as
none or comparatively few are required for the purpose of covering up the
yarns. Cloths or other receivers are placed under and over each cradle or
tray to catch any droppings of color from the yarns thereon during the
steaming process, and thereby prevent the colors of one set falling upon and
mixing with those below.
Zinc or other metallic trays we find to answer well for these receivers, as
they not only serve to collect the colors which may drop from the yarns in
the crcel placed over them, but also to receive the water of condensation from

page_text: the steam employed in the steaming process. And by the use of suitable
receivers between the different layers of yarns to collect any droppings
therefrom, the necessity for the use of cocoa-nut fibre on the top of each layer
is avoided.
Having thus described the nature of our said Invention, we would have it
'understood that we do not confine ourselves to any precise details herein
referred to, but what we claim is, the employment of openwork supports herein
described for the yarns during the steaming process, combined with the use of
cloths or other suitable receivers placed between such supports of the yarns
for the purpose of catching the droppings therefrom.
In witness whereof, we, the said John Crossley, Joseph Crossley, and
Francis Crossley, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-
third day of October, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-one.
FRANCIS CROSSLEY. (L.S.)
To the Commissioners of Patents for Inventions.
I hereby grant my fiat giving leave to the above-mentioned John Crossley,
Joseph Crossley, and Francis Crossley, to file in the Great Seal Patent Office,
with the Specification to which the same relates, the above-written Amended
Disclaimer and Memorandum of Alteration.
Lincoln's Inn, 25th October 1861.
ROUNDELL PALMER, S.G.