IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ECONOMICAL AND EFFECTUAL CALCINATION. AND CHLORINATION OF POOR AND OTHER ORES
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas John Barnard, of Trafalgar House,
Trafalgar St., Plymouth, in the County of Devon, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ECONOMICAL AND EFFECTUAL
CALCINATION. AND CHLORINATION OF POOR AND OTHER ORES."
Sealed the 11th January 1876, and dated the 13th July 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas John
Barnard at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 18th July 1875.
I, THOMAS JOHN BARNARD, of Trafalgar House, Trafalgar St..
Plymouth, in the County of Devon, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for " IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ECONOMICAL AND EFFECTUAL
CALCINATION AND CHLORINATION OP POOR AND OTHER ORES," to be as follows:-
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The object of my Invention is the economical and effectual calcination
and chlorination of poor and other ores.
The art of calcining and chloridising ores has for ages been made the
special study of scientists, and consequently furnaces almost innumerable

page_text: described I place the ores upon red hot tiles or iron, and the work
commences at once, chlorine, instead of immediately escaping, now
passing through the body of mineral substance, which is turned over
and over at divers periods by any of the ordinary well-known methods,
so that every particle of mineralized matter at some period or other
during the process) rests upon red hot tiles or iron. Coals and other
fuel of the most worthless description can be used, as the absence of
draught, which has till now been regarded as the most essential item is
quite secondary, or gas may be made and jets placed underneath the
hearth in order to cause each and every pound of fuel to do full justice
instead of tons upon tons of coals being used to kindle a flame, which
ends only in wearing out furnaces without acting effectually and pro-
fitably upon ores.
Further, by my Invention where coals or other fuels are used instead
of gas, the flue conducting the smoke from the fire will be separate and
distinct from the flue or chamber through which the fumes given off
from the ores pass, by which method air can be admitted or stayed ad
libitum.
Sulphur, arsenic, and other volatile matters collected in a purer state,
and the escaped chlorine not having the contamination of fuel smoke,
hitherto causing a commercial failure, will form an important subject
of utilization in the preparation of bleaching powder and other bi-
products.
I thus place my Invention before the world, simple in all its sim-
plicity, having but one wish that it may stand upon its true merits, for
confident am I that the discovery is destined to turn losing mineral
properties into highly profitable ones; in a word by establishing a com-
mercial success based upon real profits, the greatest novelty in the
mining world, and thus transform complete poverty to absolute wealth.
Time will reveal!

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Thomas John Barnard in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 13th January 1876.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
JOHN BARNARD, of Trafalgar House, Trafalgar Street, Plymouth, in the
County of Devon, send greeting.
"
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of July, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the thirty-
eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Thomas John Barnard, Her
special license, that I, the said Thomas John Barnard, my exe-
cutors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Thomas
John Barnard, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,
an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ECONOMICAL AND EFFECTUAL CAL.
CINATION AND CHLORINATION OF POOR AND OTHER ORES," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Thomas John Barnard, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my,
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and: ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas John Barnard, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say :—
The object of my Invention is the economical and effectual calcination
and chlorination of poor and other ores.
The art of calcining and chloridising ores has for ages been made the .

page_text: the convenience of "raking," rabbling," or "paddling." I cause the
ores to be broken by hand labour or Blake's stone breaker not
smaller than the size of a walnut, and instead of having a single fire-
place and fuel placed therein to create with draught what is generally
known as an oxidising or calcining flame at great cost of fuel. I have
one continued run of fire-places, and all ores which usually contain
either arsenic or sulphur, or the two combined, sufficient to be readily
ignited with the use of a little culm, burn freely in them without further
aid. The total proceeds of mines can thus be treated, since the volatile
matters not only create heat for chloridising to the almost total abolition
of fuel, but the burning of sulphur and salt without the contamination
of carbon or fuel smoke forms the purest chlorine gas, which will be
allowed after arsenic is deposited to pass into chambers containing
hydrate of lime for its conversion into bleaching powder. The ores
when rough roasted are pliable, admitting of being easily pulverized,
and a tile or iron or other floor placed over the rough roasting furnaces
will have sufficient heat to both economically and effectually chloridise
the more finely powdered materials or ores mixed with salt for final
and complete chlorination.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim,—
Firstly. The economical treatment of ores, as herein set forth, by
causing flame to pass under the hearth of furnaces, upon which are
placed the ores instead of allowing flame to be conveyed over the sub-
stances submitted for treatment.
Secondly. The conveyance of fuel smoke and valuable volatile matters
obtained from ores under heat in separate channels or flues, by which
the latter are collected in a purer state.
Thirdly. The absence of draught required, which admits of very con-
siderable curtailment of costs by the non-requisition of extensive and
expensive flues and chimnies.
Fourthly. The utilization of sulphur and arsenic as a heating
power for the economical conversion of sulphuret or insoluble orcs into
chlorides.
Fifthly. The collection of gases in a purer state, more especially

page_text: bleaching powder from hydrate of lime at a tithe of the cost of any
practised modes.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas John Barnard, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twelfth day of January,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy- ||
six
Witness,
THOMAS JOHN BARNARD. (L.S.)
THOMAS HENRY MILLER,
Tamar Works,
Tavistock,
January 12th, 1876.
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