IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO ANY MACHINES, ENGINES, SHAFTS, OR SERIES OF SHAFTS WHICH REQUIRE THE WHOLE OR PART THEREOF TO BE SUDDENLY STOPPED
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Coltman, of the Town of Leicester, in the County
of Leicester, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND
APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO ANY MACHINES, ENGINES, SHAFTS, OR SERIES OF
SHAFTS WHICH REQUIRE THE WHOLE OR PART THEREOF TO BE SUDDENLY
STOPPED."
Sealed the 11th July 1879, and dated the 3rd May 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Coltman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd May 1879.
THOMAS COLTMAN, of the Town of Leicester, in the County of Leicester. "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO ANY MACHINES,
ENGINES, SHAFTS, OR SERIES OF SHAFTS WHICH REQUIRE THE WHOLE OR PART
THEREOF TO BE SUDDENLY STOPPED."
$ I employ several modifications of machinery and apparatus; the first consists in
providing each shaft with a collar carrying one or more spring catches or driving
pins, the ends of which project and take into recesses in one end of a grooved
section on the same end of the section a ratchet wheel is placed, having a stud
projecting from. one side which takes into a recess in the circumference of the
section, the ratchet wheel is provided on its inside with inclines so arranged that
when a clawker engages in the teeth of the ratchet wheel the driving pin carried
by the collar is forced down by the inclines, and the ratchet wheel and grooved
section is prevented from revolving with the shaft. The clawker is ballanced and
turns upon an axle pin secured to the framing or other suitable part of the machine
or engine to which the apparatus is applied, the clawker is also provided with a
swivelled centre adjustable on a rod, the outer end of which is hinged to one end
of a lever, having its other end resting upon or lying under a thread employed in
the machine, upon the thread breaking, the clawker enters one of the teeth of the
ratchet wheel, and arrests the revolution of the grooved section.
The second modification is applicable to stopping portion of a series of revolving
shafts; in such case I employ two bosses, one of which is near the end of each of
two adjacent shafts, both bosses are grooved to receive a ring spring, and each
carries a driving pin, each of which projects through a ratchet wheel, each ratchet
wheel is provided with inclines to lift the driving pin, each wheel is chambered to
[Price 61

page_text: revolve on a boss carrying inclines at each end; the inclines being reversed, each
ratchet wheel carries a stud which projects from one side, and takes into a recess
in the circumference of the boss. Such double apparatus I employ when the shaft
to be stopped carries pulleys or fly wheels, thus enabling it to come to rest without
shock.
The third modification consists of half the apparatus described in the second
modification which I employ for stopping the whole or part of a machine or engine.
In the second and third modifications, the ratchet wheels may be prevented from
revolving by a clawker being placed between the teeth by hand power, electricity,
or by the operation of a portion of the machine or engine to which the apparatus is
applied.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Thomas Coltman in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 12th
August 1879.
THOMAS COLTMAN, of the Town of Leicester, in the County of Leicester. "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO ANY MACHINES,
ENGINES, SHAFTS, OR SERIES OF SHAFTS WHICH REQUIRE THE WHOLE OR PART
THEREOF TO BE SUDDENLY STOPPED."
In carrying my Invention into practice, I employ several modifications of
mechanism or apparatus.
The first consists in providing each shaft with a collar carrying one or more
spring-catches or driving pins, the ends of which project and take into recesses in
one end of a grooved section; on the same end of the section a ratchet wheel is
placed, having a stud projecting from one side which takes into a recess in the
circumference of the section; the said ratchet wheel is provided on its inside with
inclines so arranged, that when a clawker engages in the teeth of the ratchet wheel,
the driving pin carried by the collar is forced down by the inclines, and the ratchet
wheel and grooved section are prevented from revolving with the shaft. The
clawker is balanced and turns upon an axle-pin secured to the framing or other
suitable part of the machine or engine to which the apparatus is applied; the
clawker is also provided with a swivelled centre adjustable on a rod, the outer end
of which is hinged to one end of a lever, having its other end resting upon or lying
under a thread employed in the machine; upon the thread breaking, the clawker
enters one of the teeth of the ratchet wheel and arrests the revolution of the
grooved section.
The second modification is applicable for stopping a portion of a series of
revolving shafts. For this purpose I employ two bosses, one of which is near the
end of each of two adjacent shafts, both bosses are grooved to receive a ring-spring,
and each carries a driving pin, each of which projects through a ratchet wheel;

page_text: Figure 1 represents in section the upper portion of a spinning machine with the
modification of my improved mechanism or apparatus applied thereto.
Figure 2 is a front view of the left end of a spinning machine shewing the left
slide stand for the carriers and back rollers and one pair of spindles with my
improvements supplied to each spindle.
Figure 3 is an enlarged right side view of my improved apparatus with portion
of the spinning machine shewn in section.
Figures 4 to 20 inclusive are separate views of portions of the apparatus forming
the second and third modifications severally referred to hereinafter.
The corresponding parts in each Figure are indicated by the same letters where
necessary.
The apparatus embodied in the first modification is applicable to all spinning
machines where the delivery roller to each spindle is required to be stopped
independently; but for the sake of illustration I have shewn the apparatus as
applied to a worsted spinning machine of the usual construction, the main parts
being (1) the roving board; (2), slide stand for carriers and rear rollers; (3), front
roller bar; (4), front roller beam; (5), iron lap board; (6), wood lap board; (7), rear
top pressing roller; A, rear bottom fluted or delivery roller; (8), rear carrying rollers;
(9), middle carrying rollers; (10), front carrying rollers; and (11), the front bottom
rollers, the top one being a pressing roller and the bottom a fluted roller to which
I apply my improved apparatus as follows, that is to say:-
Instead of forming the fluted delivery roller A in one piece as heretofore, and
fluting sectional lengths of the same, I provide a tubular fluted section A¹ to each
spindle in the machine, and arrange thein in pairs; these sections revolve with the
shaft A when at work, but can be stopped independently while the shaft is running,
each pair of sections being provided with a collar B secured on the shaft A by a set-
screw having a circular groove in the centre of its length to receive a ring-spring B¹,
which presses upon two drawing pins B2 which lie in grooves cut in the direction
of the length of the collar; the ends of the driving pins project beyond the collar
and take into recesses in one end of the fluted sections A¹. The collar spring and
driving pins are shewn in section and end view respectively at Figures 4 and 5, and
one end of each section is provided interiorly with inclines As, the inclined right end
of the left section being shewn at Figure 6, and the inclined left end of the right
section at Figure 8. On the inclined ends of the sections a ratchet wheel C is
placed provided with a stud C¹ on the inside, which takes into a recess A³ near the
ends of the sections shewn by dotted lines at Figures 6 and 8, and in side view at
Figure 11. Each ratchet wheel is also provided on its inside with inclines C, seen
at Figure 7, which shews the left side of the ratchet wheel to the left section, and
at Figure 10, which shows the right side of the ratchet wheel to the right section.
When a clawker D engages in the teeth of the ratchet wheel, the stud C' slides in
the recess A2 of the section, the inclines A³ of which then occupy the relative position
shewn at Figure 9, with respect to inclines C2 of the ratchet wheel, the two sets of

page_text: inclines seen at Figure 9 being the right side of the left section and ratchet wheel;
while in such position the driving pin rides over both sets of inclines, during
which the tubular fluted section remains stationary while the shaft or roller A and
the remainder of the fluted sections A¹ continue freely to revolve. The clawker D
is balanced by a weighted rod D' and carries an axle-pin which rocks in the
slotted ends of a forked bracket D secured to a cross bar or other suitable part
of the spinning machine. The clawker is also forked at its lower end and slotted
to form bearings for a swivelled centre E and set screw, by which it can be
adjusted on a rod. E¹ the front end of which is hinged to the forked lower end
of a rocking lever. F which turns on an axle secured in one of the forks of a
bearing bracket G, an underside view. of which is seen at Figure 12, screwed to an
arm projecting from the front roller bar 3. of the spinning machine; the upper end
of the lever F carries a bent rod E³, the front end of which is turned at a right
angle to its length and lies under the thread H which is being spun by the spindle
to which the above described apparatus is applied, while the thread holds the rod E²
in the position shewn at Figures 1 and 3 by the black lines; the clawker is held
quite clear of the ratchet wheel C, and the tubular fluted section A¹ revolves with
the shaft A continuing to draw the worsted from the roving spool and deliver it to
the back carrying rollers 8. But immediately the portion of thread which runs
between the wood lap board 6 and the front bottom roller 11 breaks or is drawn
asunder the weighted rod D¹ overbalances and lifts the front end of the clawker D
into the teeth of the ratchet wheel which is prevented from revolving, the inclines
on which, as the tubular fluted section is carried round its driving pin, lifts the
driving pin clear of the recesses at the end of the section which thus reinains
stationary, the driving pin riding over both sets of inclines until the thread is
pieced by the attendant and the wire E placed below it. While the fluted section
is stationary the clawker D, weighted rod D¹, the centre E, rods E', E³, and lever F
occupy the respective positions shewn by the dotted lines at Figure 3. Instead of
employing a weight capable of adjustment in a screw-threaded rod I secure the
weight to the upper end of the rod and bend the rod towards the front or back of
the spinning machine, that is to say, to the left or right, as seen at Figure 1, until
the weight requisite to effectually lift the clawker into the teeth of the ratchet
wheel, when the thread breaks is attained, tho weight balancing the levers and
wires so that the running thread holds the clawker down with little effort until
broken, then the weight overbalances, and increasing its leverage as it falls lifts the
clawker into the ratchet wheel.
The second modification of my Invention applicable for stopping a portion of a
series of revolving shafts is shown in Figures 13 to 17 inclusive, and in Figure 19.
In Figure 13 the ends of two shafts provided with my stopping apparatus are
shown in side view. In such case I employ two bosses. A¹, A¹, each of which is
secured near the end of and revolves with one of two adjacent shafts A, A; between
the bosses A' there is a boss B which runs loose on the ends of both shafts, the left
end of this boss is provided with inclines, and from the right end projects a driving
pin which is shown by dotted lines at Figure 19, and a similar driving pin B
projects from the right end of the left boss A¹, both bosses being grooved to receive
a ring spring B¹ which holds the driving pins in position; between the two bosses A¹
and the loose boss B are one or two ratchet wheels, each provided with inclines C³, the
driving pins project through these wheels, and when lifted by the inclines C² ride
over the inclines on the left end of the boss B and left end of the right boss A¹;
these inclines are shewn at Figure 14. Figure 15 shews the inclines reversed, the
inclines on the ratchet wheels being also reversed when employed on shafts running
the opposite way to that indicated by the arrow at Figure 14. To ensure the
ratchet wheel being relieved from the pressure of the driving pin carried by the
.loose boss B when the clawker is clear of the ratchet wheel I employ ratchet wheels
like the one seen in front view in Figure 19, and in a hole through the one to the
right I insert one end of a helically coiled spring; the other end of the spring is
secured by a screw. to the-loose collar or boss B; this spring restores the ratchet

page_text: wheel to the position it occupied before the insertion of the clawker in its teeth.
Each ratchet wheel carries a stud C' which projects from one side, and takes into a
recess B³ in the circumference of the boss B or the right boss A'; the stud is shewn
by dotted lines in Figure 17 and the recess by dotted lines in Figure 14, and
reversed in Figure 15, the upper half of one boss A¹, ratchet wheel C, and part of
the boss B being shewn in section at Figure 13, and a right end view of the left
boss A', ring spring B', and driving pin B2 being shewn at Figure 16. Figure 17
is a left side view of the left ratchet wheel C with its inclines C in the position
they occupy with respect to the inclines on the end of the boss B when the ratchet
wheel is prevented from revolving by a clawker placed between the teeth.
Such double apparatus I employ when the shaft to be stopped (in this instance
the one to the right when both ratchet wheels are stopped) carries pulleys or fly
wheels, thus enabling it to come to rest without shock.
I would have it understood that although I have shewn two ratchet wheels at
Figure 13, and have shown an helically coiled spring with one end in one of the
ratchet wheels at Figure 10, I seldom employ two ratchet wheels and the coiled
spring, as in most cases I find I am enabled to effect the stopping of the shaft by
only employing the arrangement shewn in side view at Figure 20 two bosses A¹, A³,
each of which is secured to and revolves with one of two adjacent shafts A, A;
between the bosses A¹ there is a loose boss B; this boss and the left boss A¹ are
each grooved to receive a ring spring which holds a driving pin and one ratchet
wheel C provided with inclines as before described.
In the third modification of my Invention I secure a boss A¹, provided with a
driving pin B2 and spring B¹ to the driving pulley of the machine or engine
required to be stopped; the boss A¹ is not pinned to the shaft as shewn at
Figure 13, but runs loose on the shaft with the pulley. To the right of the boss 4¹
I place a ratchet wheel C, the inclines of which lie between the boss A¹ and an
incline boss having inclines on the left end, and being secured to the shaft as shewn
at Figure 18, which shews the recess B³ to receive the pin C₁ on the inside of the
ratchet wheel. An end view of the left and right inclines is shewn respectively at
Figures 14 and 15. The boss B and ratchet wheel C carry left inclines when the
shaft is driven to the right, and right inclines when the shaft is driven to the
left.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same may be performed, I declare that I claim,-
First. The construction and employment of tubular fluted sectional lengths of
metal, each having inclines and a recess at one end, and arranged in pairs to assist
in forming the back bottom delivery roller of a spinning frame.
Second. The employment of loose collars on the axle to keep each pair of fluted
tubes the requisite distance apart.
Third. The combination of a collar, ring spring, and two driving pins, placed in
the centre of each pair of tubes, and secured to and revolving with the axle.
Fourth. The employment of two ratchet wheels, each provided with a pin and
inclines, and being recessed on one side to slide upon the inclined end of a fluted.
tube.
Fifth. The combination of the balance weighted clawker and axle pin rocking in
the slotted bearings of a forked bracket with swivelled centre and set screw
adjustable on a rod having its front end hinged to the lower forked end of a lever
rocking in a bearing bracket, the lever carrying at its upper end a rod bent at a
right angle at its front end, the whole arranged and operating in combination to
stop the revolution of each delivering fluted section upon the breaking of its thread,
substantially as hereinbefore described.
Sixth. The employment of the thread which is being spun to assist in holding
the clawker clear of the ratchet wheel, substantially as herein before described in
the first modification, and illustrated in the Drawings 1 to 12 inclusive.
Seventh. The employment and combination of two collars, each secured near the
end of and revolving with a shaft, the adjacent ends of which carry a loose collar

page_text: between the fixed collars, one fixed collar & the loose collar being each provided
with a ring spring and driving pin; the other fixed collar and the loose collar
each being provided with inclines and a recess to receive the pins carried by two
ratchet wheels, in one of which one end of a helically coiled spring enters, the
spring being secured to and carried by the loose collar, substantially as herein before
described in the second modification and illustrated in the Drawings, Figures 13
to 17 inclusive, and Figures 19 and 20.
Eighth. The combination of a boss provided with a ring spring and driving pin,
the boss being secured to a pulley running loose on the shaft of the machine or
engine required to be stopped operating in. conjunction with a ratchet wheel
carrying inclines, and a pin which takes into a recess in a boss having inclines at
one end, the said boss being secured upon and revolving with the shaft of the
machine or engine, substantially as hereinbefore described in the third modification,
and illustrated in the Drawings, Figures 13 to 18 inclusive.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Coltman, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Seventh day of August, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-nine.
Witness,
H. W. GOUGH, C.E.,
Nottingham.
THOMAS COLTMAN. (L.S.)