IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF SUBJECTING TEXTILE MATERIALS IN FILAMENTOUS OR BAND FORM TO THE ACTION OF DYEING, BLEACHING AND OTHER LIQUORS, AND IN APPARATUS FOR THAT PURPOSE
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Friedrich Carl Glaser of Berlin in the Kingdom of
Prussia and Empire of Germany, Engineer and Patent Solicitor for an
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF SUBJECTING TEXTILE
MATERIALS IN FILAMENTOUS OR BAND FORM TO THE ACTION OF DYEING,
BLEACHING AND OTHER LIQUORS, AND IN APPARATUS FOR THAT PURPOSE "
a communication to him by Eugen Rümmelin of Erstein, Alsace in the German
Empire
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed. by the said Friedrich Carl Glaser at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th October 1883.
FRIEDRICH CARL GLASER of Berlin in the Kingdom of Prussia and Empire of
Germany, Engineer and Patent Solicitor "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF
SUBJECTING TEXTILE MATERIALS IN FILAMENTOUS OR BAND FORM TO THE ACTION
OF DYEING, BLEACHING AND OTHER LIQUORS, AND IN APPARATUS FOR THAT
PURPOSE a communication to me by Eugen Rümmelin of Erstein, Alsace in the
German Empire
In the various operations which occur in the treatment of textile materials, such
as the cleansing from grease, bleaching, mordanting, dyeing and rinsing operations,
whether the materials be in the form of bands, slivers, cardings or banks of threads,
or yarns, the difficulty arises that the motion which is unavoidably imparted to
the liquor in boiling causes the fibres or filaments to be rubbed against each other,
producing to a certain extent a felting together thereof. Also, the materials being
either held by hand during such operations, or suspended from a bar, the liquid
cannot gain uniform access to all parts thereof, resulting in an imperfect treatment.
Also the filaments treated being necessarily of comparatively short lengths, they
have afterwards to be connected by knotting, thus producing imperfections.
The present invention has for its object to obviate these defects and disadvantages
and consists in subjecting the filaments or ribbands in a separated and stretched
condition to the liquids, thereby affording freer access to the liquid, and effecting
the dyeing or other operation in a shorter time, and at the same time rendering it
more uniform and perfect than in such operations as heretofore carried out.
For this purpose, it is necessary to provide an appliance whereby the materials
can be maintained in the said stretched and separated condition, and which also

page_text: "
permits of a large quantity of the same being subjected at one and the same time
to the free action of the liquid. This object is best attained by means of a special
form of skeleton reel, the construction of which is shewn in front and end elevation
respectively at Figs. 2 and 3 of the accompanying drawings. It consists of a
longitudinal axis A on which are fixed the two sets of four radial arms C secured
in bosses B and connected by bars D. On the skeleton reel thus formed, the
filamentous or other material to be treated is wound, passing from one end to the
other, in such manner that the separate coils lie paralel to each other, as indicated
at Fig. 2, so as to form a complete covering to the reel. This having been com-
pleted, other bars F, formed at their ends with eyes as shewn at Figs. 4, 5 and 6,
are slid on to the arms C so as to connect the two opposite ones, and thus
forming a second skeleton reel over the first one. The filament is then carried
from the first reel, without being separated, on to the second reel on which it is
wound in the contrary direction to the first winding. In like manner, after the
completion of such winding, other bars F are fitted on, and the operation is
repeated, and so on, thus enabling any desired continuous length of filament to be
wound on the compound or "stage" reel while leaving all parts thereof to the free
access of the liquid. A sufficient quantity being thus wound, the end is secured.
The radial distance of the bars F depends upon the thickness of the material
wound thereon, it should however be such that between each two layers there
shall exist a space of from 3/4 to 1 inch, so that each layer shall be surrounded by
a layer of liquid of that thickness when the reel is immersed. The "istage" roel
thus filled with textile material is then subjected to whatever process may be
desired, such as removing grease, mordanting, dyeing, fixing and drying. After
completion of the process, the material is again unwound from the reel. A number
of such reels may be treated simultaneously in one vat, being placed either
longitudinally or transversely therein, according to the size of the reel, or that of
the vat. Such reels may also be employed as skeleton reels for winding filamentous
materials generally.
The mode of operating with such reels will depend upon the process to be
employed. For the quantity of material to be treated it will be most advantageous
if the reel be placed transversely in the vat; in this case, as shewn at Figs. 7 and 8,
bearings G are provided at such a height as to hold the filled reels with their
lowest part about 21% to 3%, inches from the bottom of the vat and with their
highest part about 1/2 inches below. the surface of the liquid. For facilitating the
introduction of the reels, the bearings G must be formed with slots leading up
to the top of the vat as shewn. This arrangement of the reels enables them to
be continuously or intermittently rotated during the dyeing or other operation,
thus bringing all parts of the material consecutively into all the strata of the
liquid and so ensuring the uniform action of the former upon the latter. The réels
may also be arranged vertically, as indicated with reference to the flat winding
frame at Fig. 1. The operation can also be carried on in a simpler but less perfect
manner by the use of a flat rectangular frame such as shewn at H Fig. 1 on which
the material is wound with slight tension, such frames being applicable where
moderato lengths of raw material require to be treated in operations that do not
require perfect uniformity of color, &c. These frames are placed either horizontally
or vertically, and either longitudinally or transversely in the vat, being kept a
suitable distance from the bottom, and also from each other, and from the surface
of the liquid, so that this may have free access to all parts thereof. A more
practical arrangement, but one requiring more room, is that shewn at L Fig. 1,
where the frame is provided with trunnions which are carried in bearings K, so
that the frame can be rotated in the vat, and thus bring the liquid into more
intimate contact with the materials, Or they may be arranged with the trunnions
vertically as at M Fig. 1, the lower trunnion being supported in a step bearing and
the upper one in a projecting arm as shewn. -In this position the frame may also
be rotated. These frames may also be constructed as "stage" frames, as shown
in Figs. 11 and 12, the frame a being provided with-sloping-arms bb of varying

page_text: lengths, on which bars care successively fitted as in the case of the reels, so as to
form a series of frames one within the other on which the material is successively
wound.
The following are the advantages of the above described mode of operating:
1, The felting together of the fibres (in particular of the woollen materials in
slivers or threads) resulting from the boiling process as heretofore carried out, is
prevented, the fibres being maintained in their parallel and open position, and
having their softness unimpaired.
2, Considerable continuous lengths of material can be subjected to the various
manipulations of the dyeing process without being handled and consequently
without becoming entangled and all objectionable and wasteful knotting is
avoided.
3. The process affords a more uniform dyeing, all parts of the material being
subjected uniformly, and for the same length of time to the action of the liquid,
and any variation in the quality of the various strata of liquid is counteracted by
turning the reels or frames as described.
4, As the material does not project above the surface of the liquid, the entire
vat can be closed in by a cover consisting of a wood frame covered with a light
fabric, whereby unequal cooling on the surface of the bath is prevented, resulting
in a more uniform boiling and prevention of loss of heat, while such covers do
not prevent the periodical inspection of the process.
5, The process, as also the appliances therefor can be adapted to any existing
works without requiring material changes in the existing plant, and consequently
with comparatively small cost, so that the process can be adopted as well on a
small scale as in large works.
Having thus described the nature of the said invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed as communicated to me by my correspondent, I
claim:
First. The herein described method for treating textile material in filamentous
or band form, such as slivers and the like, with liquids, whether for freeing from
grease, bleaching mordanting, dyeing, rinsing and drying, wherein the material is
subjected to the liquid in a stretched condition and wound upon reels or frames,
in such manner that the liquid entirely surrounds the material and can pass freely
between the separate convolutions thereof, with or without provision of means
for rotating the reels or frames in order to bring the material into more intimate
contact with the liquid, the felting together of the filaments being at the same
time avoided.
Second. The use for carrying out the process referred to in the preceding claim,
of the herein described stage reel, wherein one or more sets of bars F provided
with eyes are fitted consecutively over the radial arms C, so as to produce two or
more concentric reels upon which one continuous length of material is consecutively
wound, thereby allowing a large quantity of material to be submitted at one and
the same time to the various processes.
Third. The use, for carrying out the process referred to in the preceding claim,
of the herein described stage frame a having a number of arms b on which are
successively fitted bars c for the reception of a continuous length of material.
In Witness whereof I the said Friedrich Carl Glaser have hereunto set my
hand and seal this twenty fourth day of October in the year of our Lord Quo
thousand eight hundred and eighty three.
M
ALLAN
FRIEDRICH CARL GLASER (145.)