Improvements in Centrifugal Cream Separators and the like.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 26th Mar., 1895-Accepted, 14th Sept., 1895
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Centrifugal Cream Separators and the like.
I, OLOF OHLSSON, of Newark, in the County of Essex and State of New
Jersey, United States of America, Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to centrifugal creaming machines and to a novel
arrangement of driving mechanism especially adapted for such machines. Among
the objects of the invention are the attainment of a high rate of speed of the
bowl of a centrifugal machine with a small expenditure of power, the prevention
of undue vibration of the rapidly rotating bowl, the prevention of breakage
due to a sudden stoppage of the bowl when the driving mechanism is suddenly
arrested.
The invention also relates to a simple, inexpensive and highly efficient
arrangement of skimming plates for the interior of the bowl.
The invention consists of the various features of construction hereinafter
pointed out.
In the drawings forming part of the Specification and in which like letters
designate corresponding parts in the several figures,
Figure 1 is a side elevation of a centrifugal creamer embodying my
improvements; Figure 2 is a central vertical section of the same, the skimming
devices being omitted;
Figure 3 is a horizontal section, showing the bearing for the vertical bowl-
shaft;
Figure 4 is a sectional detail of a certain intermediate shaft aud parts
co-operating therewith;
Figure 5 is a detail view of said shaft showing one end to be excentric;
Figures 6 and 7 are detail views showing a certain clutch device on the under
side of one of the gear wheels by which power is transmitted to the bowl and
showing the parts in clutched and unclutched positions, respectively;
Figure 8 is a sectional view of what I have called a neck bearing.
Figure 9 is a central vertical section of the bowl showing one form of my
skimming plates;
Figure 10 is a horizontal section on line 4, Figure 9 ;
Figure 11 is a horizontal section on line 3-3, Fig. 9;
Figure 12 is a horizontal section showing a modified form;
Figure 13 is a central vertical section of the bowl showing another form of my
skimming plates;
Figure 14 is a horizontal section on line x of Figure 13;
Figure 15 is a horizontal section on line 3 of Figure 13;
Figure 16 is a horizontal section showing a modification.
The bowl A and its driving shaft B, which are rigidly connected together, are
mounted in an encasing frame C, comprising a chamber (for the bowl and a
chamber C for the shaft and upper and lower bearing plates Land L" for the
shaft B. This encasing frame is made in one piece and affords complete protection
to the bowl and its shaft from the dust and outside interference. The plate L'
carries or provides the upper or neck bearing for the shaft B. This bearing
comprises a metallic collar J in contact with which the shaft works, a rubber or
other yielding ring J encircling the collar J to cushion the vibration of the bowl,
and a thin preferably metallic protecting ring L interposed between the rubber

page_text: ring J' and the plate L' to prevent the rubber from adhering to the plate and to
prevent damage to the rubber ring when the neck bearing is removed. The
ring L has another important function. It is so arranged that it may rotate in the
plate L' in order that, in case the shaft and collar J should stick together on
account of heat due to friction or from other cause, the bearing with the shaft may
turn in the support plate L'. If the collar J and shaft B should stick together
while the bowl were rotating the machine would be violently stopped in case the
collar were unable to move with the shaft, and even if it did move with the
shaft the ring J' would be immediately burnt out or otherwise destroyed and in
either case the machine would probably be wrecked. The ring L guards against
such an accident. The collar J carries a flange J" resting upon the plate L¹ to
support the neck bearing and is preferably provided with an upward projecting
flange to provide an oil cup supplied from the reservoir K, and with a downward
projecting flange j' to prevent drip from the oil cup reaching the outer side of the
neck bearing. The flange J", ring L and flange it will be seen, effectually
protect the rubber ring from contact with the oil and the entire bearing may be
readily removed when required. The lower bearing of the shaft B is carried by
the plate L. It comprises a cup-shaped piece M, preferably tapped in the
plate L to admit of vertical adjustment and is provided with a head e, by which it
may be turned. A lock nut d secures it firmly in place. The upper cupped end
of the piece M carries anti-friction balls e, preferably three in number, upon which
the shaft B is seated. A ring f prevents the balls from falling or twisting out of
place.
Upon an intermediate shaft E, mounted in suitable bearings in the frame C, is
loosely mounted a worn wheel D meshing with the worm a of the shaft B. As
shown in the drawings the bearings of the shaft E are adjustable boxes E¹
provided with oil tubes. A pinion F fixed upon the shaft E meshes with a large
gear wheel G carried by the shaft H and operated by the hand crank to transmit
motion to the bowl A.
When the shaft and bowl in the old forms of machine are rapidly rotating, an
unequal distribution of the weight of the bowl, or an imperfect alignment of the
bearings of the shaft would ordinarily cause an undue vibration of the bowl and a
consequent undue amount of friction in the bearings and trembling and jarring of
the whole machine. The shaft and its bearings in the present invention are so
arranged, however, that this vibration is reduced to a minimum. This is done by
having the shaft and bowl rigidly connected and so arranging the bearings that the
bowl and shaft when rotating can deviate from a perpendicular line or becom
inclined first in one direction and then in another, the shaft resting all the while
firmly in its lower bearing and the bowl being permitted to sway from side to side
just as the axis of the earth prolonged moves about the north star. To accomplish
this purpose the upper bearing in the present embodiment of the invention is
provided with the cushion J, being arranged to maintain the shaft upright, and the
lower bearing is provided with balls preferably three in number between which the
tapered end of the shaft rests firmly whether perfectly upright in a vertical line or
inclined. Any unequal distribution of the weight of the bowl which would tend to
cause the axis of rotation to deviate from a vertical line would cause the cushion J¹
to yield and permit the axis to incline without undue restraint and without undue
vibration of the bowl. Again in case the upper bearing should become worn or
the cushion J corroded from oil, the axis could incline to suit the changed condition
or alignment of the bearings without undue vibration. In the prior commercial
forms of vertical high speed centrifugal machines the shaft of the bowl is divided,
the two portions being flexibly connected and the driving power is applied to the
lower portion which is fixed in bearings. Any unequal distribution of the weight
of the bowl or au imperfect alignment of the bearings caused the axis of rotation
to take the form of a line broken at the point of juncture of the two portions of
the shaft and therefore to cause an undue vibration and consequent retarding and
wearing of the machine. It was considered impracticable, if not impossible, to

page_text: build an operative machine cf this character with the entire shaft rigid with the
bowl as has been done in the present invention.
By fixing a worm on the rigid shaft of the present machine and arranging a worm
wheel to drive it which exerts a downward strain in line with the axis the bowl is
held firmly down in its bearings and the inclination of the bowl is not materially
interfered with, so that as the bowl spins at its high speed it can incline its axis
as the varying conditions may require without undue vibration.
The wheel D is preferably provided with an extended hub D¹, fitting closely
around the shaft E and is also provided on the side opposite to the hub with a
recess g, the periphery of which is arranged to he engaged by a friction clutch
plate, loosely mounted upon the shaft E. This shaft is provided with an
excentric E, adapted to actuate the clutch plate and move it into and out of
engagement with the wheel. In the particular form of machine shown in the
drawings there is a pin and slot connection for the clutch plate and shaft, the
slot being in the clutch plate and the pin h¹, passing through the slot and being
fastened in the shaft. Of course this arrangement might be reversed by fastening
the pin in the plate and having it pass through a slot in the shaft, the object being
to enable the clutch plate to move circumferentially back and forth independently
of the shaft, this backward movement of the clutch plate being limited by the
excentric which moves the clutch plate into engagement with the wheel D and this
forward movement of the clutch plate being limited by a fixed stop which positively
engages the clutch plate and holds it stationary with respect to the shaft. If,
when the wheel and shaft are turning together, being locked by the clutch, the
shaft is stopped or arrested so that the wheel moves faster than the shaft, then
the clutch plate will be carried round by the wheel and will ride down from the
excentric and out of engagement with the wheel, but not farther than the step. If
the clutch plate were not limited in this forward movement on the shaft it would
be brought round so as to be moved by the other rise of the excentric into
engagement with the wheel, but now in the opposite direction and thus it would
stop the wheel suddenly.
Various arrangements can be easily devised besides the pin and slot connection
in which a positive stop will operate to produce the same result without departing
from my invention. Heretofore it has been proposed to employ a friction clutch
to engage a wheel intended to operate a sewing machine and actuated by treadles.
But in this case the wheel is fast on a shaft and the clutch plate is carried by an
excentric sleeve loosely mounted on the shaft and revolving first forward and then
backward on the shaft, the clutch plate being connected to the sleeve by a spring.
Such an arrangement is objectionable because, among other reasons, the clutch is
uncertain and not positive in its operation and the sudden strain put upon the
spring when the movement of the sleeve is reversed is liable to break it, permitting
the clutch plate to be carried round so as to engage the wheel in the opposite
direction, violently stopping it and probably causing breakage of some of the
moving parts.
Moreover, the shaft upon which the wheel is rigidly mounted is liable to be
suddenly arrested or stopped by reason of wear or clogging of the bearings of the
shaft and this would violently stop the wheel and the machine which it operates
and probably cause breakage. In a centrifugal machine this shaft rotates at a
very high rate of speed and the bearings are thus subjected to great wear and are
not unlikely to burn fast or wear out or break down. Again, in this old arrange-
ment, there must be considerable wear between the sleeve and shaft since much of
the time they are rotating the one on the other in opposite directions. This wear
would give undue play to the sleeve and its excentric and diminish the effectiveness,
sensitiveness and reliability of the clutch. These objections are obviated by my
arrangement, in which the clutch plate is mounted loosely upon the shaft, so although
the shaft may be suddenly stopped from heating or wear or clogging of its bearings,
still the wheel sleeved on the shaft may continue its movement and thus avoid stopping
the machine. Moreover, in my construction of clutch there is a positive stop to

page_text: prevent the clutch plate, when the wheel moves forward from it, from being
carried round on the shaft so as to ride upon the opposite rise of the excentric,
thereby clutching the wheel in the opposite direction and violently stopping the
wheel and possibly breaking some of the moving parts. When the shaft moves
backward this stop serves to positively move the clutch plate backward.
clutch plate is preferably unbalanced so as to be heavier on one side of its pivotal
point than on the other.
The
The extended hub D' is especially advantageous in connection with the clutch
plate in that it enables the clutch plate to bind the wheel firmly on the shaft and
that too with the least possible lateral play of the wheel and sleeve with respect to
the shaft, thus enabling the wheel when locked to its shaft to turn more nearly in
a right plane single and uniform so that the circular line described by the wheel's
perimeter if developed would be substantially a straight line. Moreover, the
clutching operation is more sensitive. The amount of lateral play between the
shaft and the wheel and hub is as slight as possible. If this play were considerable
the wheel when locked on the shaft by the clutch would not turn in a right plane
and the circular line described by the wheel's perimeter would when developed be
a wavy line. This wavy line would represent a vibration imparted by the wheel to
the bowl shaft and bowl which in the applicant's machine would be repeated eight
thousand times a minute, since his bowl makes this number of revolutions a minute
in operation. Such a vibration, as will be readily appreciated, is of course highly
detrimental to the working. It increases the friction and therefore increases the
amount of power necessary to drive the machine; and it increases the wear and
hence decreases the life of the machine.
While I have shown the wheel D provided with a worm and the shaft B
provided with a corresponding worm a of course these parts might in some cases be
operatively connected by other suitable means. Various other changes such as will
occur to anyone skilled in the art might also be made without departing from the
spirit of my invention.
Referring now to the arrangement of my skimming plates in Figs. 9 to 16:
Heretofore it has been common in centrifugal creaming machines to divide up
the milk space of the bowl by numerous partitions variously disposed whereby the
milk is divided up into numerous thin bodies or sheets or layers and subjected to the
centrifugal action in the form of such thin bodies or sheets or layers; and in general
dependence has been placed upon the principle of accomplishing the cream
separating by applying the centrifugal action simultaneously to many small bodies
of milk as contradistinguished from applying the centrifugal action to the same
milk in one larger body or mass, the milk that is being acted upon either passing
in succession through the many small spaces and so being several times subjected to
the centrifugal action, or being divided up among the many spaces each separate
body of milk passing through substantially but one space and being acted upon but
once, its separated constituents being then delivered from the machine. Numerous
thin layers or strata or laminæ are unnecessary and in accordance with this invention
good results can be attained by the action of centrifugal force upon milk in large
thick bodies or masses if guiding plates are used which tend to gather the half
separated cream and direct it in colliding currents and so cause it to coalesce. To
that end I dispense with the use of numerous parallel partitions dividing the
interior liquid space of the bowl and the milk that is being separated in it into
numerous thin bodies, layers or strata, and instead I employ a single encircling
frame of guiding plates placed in the outer portion of the liquid space and so
arranged with respect to each other and to the lines of centrifugal force as to
produce colliding currents of half separated cream particles, and to force the same
through openings toward the centre whereby coalescence of the cream particles
is attained and the ultimate separation of the cream from the blue milk greatly
furthered. In other words I dispense with the multiplicity of interior plates or
partitions heretofore commonly used and employ a single series or frame of guide
plates encircling the bowl centre, each guide plate mechanically made in one piece

page_text: as herein shown and preferred, but its portions, as m³ and m² functionally operating
as two guide-plates or couples to direct the partly separated cream inward toward
the common openings o nearest the center, hereinafter referred to, said openings
being preferably small or restricted in aggregate area as compared with the openings o¹
at the edges of the said such couples, and said guide pertions extending in
horizontal section from near the periphery of the bowl, in the liquid space within
the bowl, to substantially a middle point radially of the liquid space within the
bowl, and cutting obliquely the lines of centrifugal force, the two currents colliding
and the fatty particles coalescing at the openings o, and through which the
separating cream is forced or crowded in its coalescing condition in toward the
enter. There are also preferably corresponding openings (but preferably larger
in aggregate area of cross-section) at the points that are furthest from the center of
the bowl permitting a counter current of separated blue milk, the separated blue
milk being forced out by the more intense centrifugal action at such points
operating upon the heavier ingredient and thereby crowding or forcing the half
separated cream particles into collision and coalescence and inward through the
first mentioned openings. This crowding and coalescing of the half separated cream
particles together favors their further and more complete separation from the blue
milk and renders the use of numerous parallel partitions and of many thin layers
unnecessary. Moreover the preferred arrangement of guiding plates and openings
described, to wit, with openings o' as well as openings o, see description below, permits
corrective circulation if cream particles happen to be swept along with the current
of blue milk through the openings o' or where blue milk particles are swept along
with the current of cream particles through openings o. The avoidance of the
necessity of using a multiplicity of parallel partitions reduces the total weight to
be rotated, which is a consideration of great importance in hand machines; it also
reduces the churning effects upon the cream in passing through the machine; it
also facilitates all cleansing operations both by the simplicity and by the openness
of the construction and renders a more nearly perfect balance more easily
attainable. In the preferred form of my invention I also employ a milk
distributing base plate having openings for the full milk arranged under the guide
plates as shown herein, whereby full milk is introduced on both sides of the series
or frame of guide plates. In this case I prefer to have openings in the guide
plates at points furthest from the center of the bowl, and I prefer that such
openings should be larger in aggregate area of cross-section (as, for instance, by
being more numerous) than the openings in the guide plates at the points nearest to
the center.
In said drawings, A indicates the bowl supported on a vertical shaft B, driven
by motive mechanism of any suitable class or variety, and k indicates the cover for
said bowl which is open at the center to receive a supply pipe or duct l. Said cover
is also provided with suitable outlets for the skin or blue milk, and for the cream,
the said outlets being of any ordinary construction.
Within said bowl are arranged guide plates forming portions m', m², m³, m*,
ms, me, which are united together at their adjacent edges and form a solid triangular
frame, which is removable from the bowl, these guide plates having two functional
portious or couples, as m' and m², also m³ and m, also m³ and me, lying in the same
plane and so forming mechanically one plane plate and perforated as shown, but
constituting functionally, (by reason of the angle of one half of the plate to the
lines of centrifugal force being the reverse of that of the other half to the lines of
centrifugal force) two guiding plates guiding currents of cream in opposite
directions, that is into collision. The frame of the guiding plates is preferably
provided at the top with a conical head n, the periphery of which at its base,
engages the side walls of the bowl, and the frame is suitably held in place in any
desirable manner, so that the said frame will rotate in unison with said bowl.
The head is also provided with a series of apertures n¹ around its border, as
shown best in Figs. 11 and 15, to permit egress of the blue milk from the several
outer milk spaces between the outer wall of the bowl and the plates.

page_text: The guide plates of said frame are, in the particular form of machine shown in
Figs. 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, and 15 disposed within the bowl in lines parallel with chords
of the bowl, the portions of each guide plate together constituting a chord of the
bowl, and at their points of nearest approach to the center of the bowl the guide
plates are provided with openings o, to allow an inward flow of partly separated
cream. Said guide plates are also provided, at or near their opposite edges near
the periphery of the bowl, with similar perforations, o¹ (double in number to the
perforations o) to allow an outward flow of blue milk.
At the bottom of the bowl is arranged a horizontal plate p, on which the
triangular frame is seated. The said horizontal plate is centrally perforated to
receive the lower end of the supply pipe or duet, l, and at points coinciding with
the points where the guide plates approach nearest to the center of the bowl, the
said horizontal partition is perforated, as at p', to admit an upflow of new or full
milk from the chamber or passage below.
Said perforations, p', are partly outside and partly inside of the said guide plates,
as indicated in Fig. 10, so that the new milk is allowed an inflow on both sides of
said plates, or they may be arranged as shown in Fig. 14, in which there are
separate openings for the various compartments.
the same.
In operating the device shown in Figs. 9 to 12, the new milk supplied to the
pipe l, flows downward through the horizontal plate, and into the chamber below
It then flows outward, under the influence of centrifugal force, and
upward through the openings or perforations p', and passes up on both sides of the
guide plates. Here continued exertion of centrifugal force impels a separation of
the lighter and heavier particles of milk, the heavy blue milk in the inner chamber
is driven out through the perforations o', toward the periphery of the bowl, and the
light cream in the outer chambers is partly separated and is crowded toward the
center and is guided by the plates and gathers and coalesces at the perforations o of
the guide plates, and is forced through those perforations or openings. Corrective
circulation, heretofore referred to, can occur indefinitely. The fully separated
lighter and heavier fluids are allowed an exit through the respective cream and
blue milk passages of the cover in the ordinary manner. The action of the
centrifugal force is greatest in the outer parts (radially) of the liquid space of the
bowl and it will be observed that the guiding plates are arranged largely in this
part of the bowl. It will also be observed that the guiding portion or plate m
(like each other guiding portion or plate) cuts obliquely the lines or directions of
centrifugal force, thereby causing the formation of a cream current on the side of the
plate that is away from the center, the direction of the current being toward the edge
of the portion that is nearest the center (moving from near o¹ to o in each case). It
will also be observed that each couple of adjacent guide plates (as, for instance, m
and m2) guide their respective cream currents into collision or interference with each
other, and also that the colliding cream currents are at once forced through common
openings o, preferably "restricted" in aggregate area of cross section in comparison
with the aggregate area of cross section of the openings o' in those two guide plates
or portions m' and m² and common to the two guide plates or portions m¹ and m², or
rather to the cream currents produced by them. The latter feature secures the
certainty of collision between the two currents, for they pass inward through a
common opening and the former feature tends to insure actual collision of the fatty
particles of the currents, both features tending to secure coalescence of the half
separated cream. The inflow of full milk into the inner triangular compartment is
about equal to the inflow into the three outer compartments, whereas the outflow of
fully separated cream from the inner compartment at the cream discharge outlet of
the machine is much less in bulk than the outflow of fully separated blue milk from
the three outer compartments: accordingly the constant readjustment of liquid
contents between the single inner and the three outer compartarents that is constantly
going on through the openings o and o' would involve much less stress and motion
at the openings o than occurs at the openings o' unless the openings o were relatively
smaller in aggregate area, that is, were restricted, for more bulk of liquid must pass

page_text: out of the inner compartment through than passes into it through o. The
restricted openings o of the machine of the drawings coöperate to cause the
collisions and coalescence of the cream particles that is desired. It is to be observed
also that the colliding cream currents are not currents of already fully or sub-
stantially fully separated cream, for the coalescence would in that case be useless
to assist separation, but that they are currents of only partly separated cream in
which case limited coalescence is a valuable assistance in the separation. It will
also be observed that the coalescence obtained is not broken up by subsequently
dividing or obstructing the currents.
The device described, while very simple, and admitting of a very easy and quick
cleansing, is effective in producing the desired results. The guide plates need not
of course be arranged in the form of a triangular frame, nor need they be precisely
six in number, or rectilinear. In fact many variations might be made from the
form of device specifically shown in the drawings without departing from my
invention.
In Fig. 12 the openings o' are omitted so that the blue milk within the frame
cannot pass into the outer compartments. To permit the escape of blue milk,
however, from the interior compartment of the bowl according to this arrangement,
openings are provided in the border of the top and at points within the inner
compartment and farthest from the center. The milk in the outer compartment
will now escape through the openings n', as before, but the blue milk, within the
inner compartment instead of passing into the outer compartments and out through
openings o will escape directly through their own openings 4. In Fig. 12 the
couples m³, m², m³, m³, m³, me are shown as converging inward instead of being in
the same plane.
The couples when thus arranged, however, operate in substantially the same way
as when arranged in the same plane, guiding the cream particles always inward
toward the center and causing them at the same time to collide and coalesce. With
either arrangement of guide plates the openings o¹ could be employed, or these
openings could be omitted and the openings q used.
Although the couples m³, m², m³, m², m³, m³, are shown as made in one piece, of
course they might be made in separate pieces and held in place by any suitable
means, such as the ordinary braces, bars or plates, or otherwise. Or these couples
could be soldered or otherwise fastened together, so as to be held in place.
The joining together of the frame with the base plate and the conical head
making them removable together from the bowl is not only a convenience in all
cleansing operations, but it permits of a more perfect and maintained balance of
the bowl throughout use.
Figures 13 to 16 illustrate my invention in a form similar to Figs. 9 to 12 with
the supplementary guiding plates s added which are arranged outside of the frame
or ring of guiding plates or portions m² m², etc. and extend from at or near the bowl
periphery to a point along the length of said portions, the plates s and portions m', m²
etc. forming together angles that are intersected by radii of the bowl, whereby
converging and substantially equal currents of partly separated cream are produced.
The plates s also have openings s' at their points of junction with the plates m', m² etc.
By this construction the plates s and the outer parts of the portions m², m² etc. act
as collectors of partly separated cream particles and as guides for the streams of
partly separated cream, guiding two streams or currents into collision at the
openings s. Through these common openings the pressure of the incoming full
milk or blue milk behind forces the cream current, whence it is guided by the
continuation of the portions or couples m' m² etc. toward the openings o where the
two couples that join at that point guide two opposing currents of partly separated
cream into collision and into a forced passage through the common openings o.
Thus continuous successive collisions of opposing or converging cream currents are
brought about first at the openings & and then at the openings o by the combination
and arrangement of guiding plates shown herein, full milk being continuously
introduced into each and all of the compartments. These successive collisions tend

page_text: s are
to cause coalescence of the fatty cream particles which greatly furthers the ultimate
separating action of the machine, the final separation in the inner compartment of
the partly separated and coalesced cream that enters through the openings o from
the blue milk that is carried in with it being greatly facilitated. The plates
preferably secured permanently to the plates and m', m², etc., and are removable
therewith from the bowl, and the spaces between the plates are capacious and allow
an easy insertion of brushes or other cleansing insans.
P
In Fig. 16 the openings o' are omitted so that blue milk within the frame cannot
pass into the outer compartments. To permit the escape of blue milk, however,
from the interior compartment of the bowl according to this arrangement openings
are provided in the border of the top and at points within the inner compartment
and farthest from the center. The milk in the outer compartments will now escape
through the openings n as before but the blue milk within the inner compartiment
instead of passing into the outer compartiments and out through openings p will escape
directly through their own openings q. In Fig. 16 the couples m³, m², m³, m², m³, mº,
are shown as converging inward instead of being in the same plane. The couples
when thus arranged, however, operate in substantially the same way as when
arranged in the same plane, guiding the cream particles always inward towards the
center and causing them at the same time to collide and coalesce. With either
arrangement of guide plates the openings o could be employed or these openings
could be omitted and the openings 9 used.
Although the couples m, m2 etc. are shown as made in one piece, of course they
might be made in separate pieces and held in place by any suitable means such as
the ordinary brace bars or plates or otherwise. Or these couples could be soldered
or otherwise fastened together so as to be held in place.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In a centrifugal machine the combination of a shaft mounted in bearings and
provided with an excentric, a wheel mounted loosely upon said shaft, a friction
clutch mounted loosely upon the shaft so as to be capable of circumferential movement
back and forth on said shaft, a fixed stop limiting this movement in one direction,
the clutch being arranged to be actuated by the excentric so as to engage the
wheel, and means for driving the shaft, substantially as set forth.
2. In a centrifugal machine the combination of a shaft mounted in bearings and
provided with an excentric, a wheel provided on one side with an extended hub
loosely mounted on the shaft, a friction clutch mounted loosely upon the shaft on
the side of the wheel opposite to the hub and so as to be capable of circumferential
movement back and forth on said shaft, a fixed stop limiting this movement in one
direction, the clutch being arranged to be actuated by the excentric so as to engage
the wheel, and means for driving the shaft, substantially as set forth.
3. In a centrifugal machine the combination of a shaft mounted in bearings and
provided with an excentric, a wheel mounted loosely upon said shaft, a friction
clutch mounted loosely upon the shaft with a pin and slot connection so as to be
capable of circumferential movement back and forth on said shaft, the clutch being
arranged to be actuated by the excentric so as to engage the wheel, and means for
driving the shaft, substantially as set forth.
4. In a centrifugal machine the combination of a shaft mounted in bearings and
provided with an excentric, a wheel provided on one side with an extended hub
loosely mounted on the shaft with a pin and slot connection, a friction clutch
mounted loosely upon the shaft on the side of the wheel opposite to the hub and so
as to be capable of circumferential movement back and forth on said shaft, the
clutch being arranged to be actuated by the excentric so as to engage the wheel,
and means for driving the shaft, substantially as set forth.
5. In a centrifugal machine the combination of a device to be rotated mountedl
upon a shaft, a wheel for actuating the shaft mounted loosely upon an intermediate

page_text: shaft provided with an excentric, a friction clutch, mounted loosely upon the inter-.
mediate shaft so as to be capable of circumferential movement back and forth on
said shaft, a fixed stop limiting this movement in one direction, the clutch being
arranged to be actuated by the excentric so as to engage the wheel, and means for
driving the shaft, substantially as set forth.
6. In a centrifugal machine, the combination of a device to be rotated mounted.
upon a shaft, a wheel for actuating the shaft provided on one side with an extended.
hub and loosely mounted upon an intermediate shaft provided: with an excentric,, a
friction clutch mounted upon the intermediate shaft on the side of the wheel opposite.
to the hub and so as to be capable of circumferential movement back and forth, on,
said shaft, a fixed stop limiting this movement in one direction, the clutch being
arranged to be actuated by the excentric so as to engage the wheel, and means for
driving the shaft, substantially as set forth.
7. In a centrifugal machine the combination of a. device, to be rotated mounted
upon a shaft, a wheel for actuating the shaft provided on one side with an extended
hub and loosely mounted upon an intermediate shaft provided with an excentric, a.
friction clutch mounted upon the intermediate shaft with a pin and slot connection,
ou the side of the wheel opposite to the hub and so as to be capable of circum-
ferential movement back and forth on said shaft, the clutch being arranged to be
actuated by the excentric so as to engage the wheel, and means for driving, the
shaft, substantially as set forth.
8. In a centrifugal machine, the combination of a device to be rotated mounted.
upon a shaft provided with a worm, an intermediate shaft mounted in suitable
bearings and provided with an excentric, a. worm wheel. provided on one side with,
an extended lub loosely mounted on the intermediate shaft and engaging the worm
shaft, a friction clutch loosely mounted on the intermediate shaft on the side of the
worm wheel opposite to the hub and so.as to be capable of circumferential move-,
ment back and forth on said shaft, a fixed stop. limiting this. movement in one.
direction, the clutch being arranged to be actuated by the excentric so as to engage
the wheel, and means for driving the shaft, substantially as set forth.
9. In a journal bearing for centrifugal machines, the combination of a collar
adapted to receive a rotatable shaft or journal, a ring encircling the collar and a
cushion interposed between the ring and collar in combination, with a, support for
the bearing encircling the ring in which the ring may rotate, and bearing horizon-
tally against the ring, whereby in case the shaft or journal should adhere to the
collar the bearing may rotate in the support, substantially as set forth.
10. In a centrifugal machine the combination of a device to be rotated, a vertical
driving shaft rigidly connected therewith and provided with a worm, a lower
bearing comprising three or more balls between which the end of the shaft rests,
an upper bearing provided with a cushion and arranged to maintain the shaft
upright; and a worm wheel meshing with the shaft for rotating the shaft whereby
the axis of rotation may be maintained in a straight line through the center of the;
device to be rotated and whereby the shaft will be held down in its bearings during
rotation, substantially as set forth.
11. In a centrifugal creaming machine, the combination with a bowl and means.
for rotating the same and suitable inlet and outlet conduits, of a single frame or
series of guide plates arranged in the outer part (radially) of the liquid space of
the bowl and encircling the bowl center and cutting obliquely the lines of centrifugal
force and arranged to act as couples, each couple disposed in substantially the
same plane, and each couple having common openings at the points nearest to the
center, whereby the partly separated cream particles are guided together and
coalesced, substantially as shown and described.
12. In a centrifugal creaming machine, the combination with a. bowl and means
for rotating the same and suitable inlet and outlet conduits, of a single frame or
series of guide plates arranged in the outer part (radially) of the liquid space of
the bowl and encircling the bowl center and cutting obliquely the lines of centrifugal
force and arranged to act as couples, each couple converging inward, and each
B

page_text: couple having common openings at the points nearest to the center, whereby the
partly separated cream particles are guided together and coalesced, substantially
as shown and described.
13. In a centrifugal creaming machine, the combination with a bowl and means
for rotating the same and suitable inlet and outlet conduits, of a single frame or
series of guide plates arranged in the outer part (radially) of the liquid space of
the howl and encircling the bowl center and cutting obliquely the lines of centrifugal
force and arranged to act as couples, each couple disposed in substantially the same
plane, each couple having common openings at the points nearest to the center and
openings at the points furthest from the center, whereby the partly separated cream
particles are guided and forced together and coalesced, substantially as shown and
described.
14. In a centrifugal creaming machine, the combination with a bowl and means for
rotating the same and suitable inlet and outlet conduits, of a single frame or series
of guide plates arranged in the outer part (radially) of the liquid space of the bowl
and encircling the bowl center and cutting obliquely the lines of centrifugal force
and arranged to act as coupies, each couple converging inward, and each couple
having common openings at the points nearest to the center, whereby the partly
separated cream particles are guided and forced together and coalesced, substantially
as shown and described.
15. In a centrifugal creaming machine, the combination with a bowl and means
for rotating the same, of a single frame or series of guide plates arranged in the
outer part (radially) of the liquid space of the bowl and encircling the bowl center
and cutting obliquely the lines of centrifugal force and arranged to act as couples,
and each couple having common openings at the points nearest to the center,
whereby the liquid space is divided into an inner compartment and outer compart-
ments, blue milk outlet conduits for the outer compartments and separate blue milk
outlet conduits for the inner compartments, and suitable inlet conduits, whereby
the partly separated cream particles are guided together and coalesced, substantially
as shown and described.
16. In a centrifugal creaming machine, the combination with a bowl and means
for rotating the same and suitable inlet and outlet conduits, of a single frame or
series of guide plates arranged in the outer part (radially) of the liquid space of
the bowl and encircling the bowl center aud cutting obliquely the lines of the
centrifugal force and arranged in couples, each couple having common openings at
the points nearest to the center, and a milk distributing base plate having openings
for the full milk, arranged under the guide plates, substantially as shown and
described.
17. In a centrifugal creaming machine, the combination with a bowl and means
for rotating the same, and suitable inlet and outlet conduits, of a single frame or
series of guide plates arranged in the outer part (radially) of the liquid space of
the bowl and encircling the bowl center and cutting obliquely the lines of centrifugal
force and arranged in couples, each couple having common restricted openings at
the points nearest to the center and corresponding but larger openings at the points
furthest from the center, and a milk distributing base plate having openings for
full milk arranged under the guide plates, substantially as shown and described.
18. In a centrifugal creaming machine, the combination with a bowl and means
for rotating the same and suitable inlet and outlet conduits, of a single frame or
series of guide plates arranged in the outer part (radially) of the liquid space of
the bowl and encircling the bowl center and cutting obliquely the lines of centrifugal
force and arranged in couples, each couple having common openings at the points
nearest to the center and corresponding openings at the points furthest from the
center, and a milk distributing base plate having openings for full milk arranged
under the guide plates and a conical upper head or plate secured to the tops of the
guide plates and constructed to engage the side walls of the bowl, said plates being
all joined together and removable together from the bowl, substantially as shown
and described.

page_text: 19. In a centrifugal creaming machine, the combination with a bowl and means
for rotating the same and suitable inlet and outlet conduits, of a single frame or
series of guide plates arranged in the outer part (radially) of the liquid space of
the bowl and encircling the bowl center and cutting obliquely the lines of centrifugal
force and arranged to act as couples, each couple disposed in substantially the
same plane and each couple having common openings at the points nearest to the
center and supplementary outer guide plates cutting obliquely the lines of centrifugal
force and arranged as described whereby currents of partly separated cream
particles are formed and guided into successive collisions and progressive coalescence
of the cream particles is attained, substantially as shown and described.
20. In a centrifugal creaming machine, the combination with a bowl and means
for rotating the same and suitable inlet and outlet conduits, of a single frame or
series of guide plates arranged in the outer part (radially) of the liquid space of
the bowl and encircling the bowl center and cutting obliquely the lines of centrifugal
force and arranged to act as couples, each couple disposed in substantially the
same plane and each couple having common openings at the points nearest to the
center and openings at the points furthest from the center, and supplementary outer
guide plates cutting obliquely the lines of centrifugal force and arranged as
described whereby currents of partly separated cream particles are formed and
guided into successive collisions and progressive coalescence of the cream particles
is attained, substantially as shown and described.
21. In a centrifugal creaming machine, the combination with a bowl and means
for rotating the same and suitable inlet and outlet conduits, of a single frame or
series of guide plates arranged in the outer part (radially) of the liquid space of
the bowl and encircling the bowl center and cutting obliquely the lines of centrifugal
force and arranged to act as couples, each couple converging inward and each
couple having common openings at the points nearest to the center and supple-
mentary outer guide plates cutting obliquely the lines of centrifugal force and
arranged as described whereby currents of partly separated cream particles are
formed and guided into successive collisions and progressive coalescence of the
cream particles is attained, substantially as shown and described.
22. In a centrifugal creaming machine, the combination with a bowl and means
for rotating the same, of a single frame or series of guide plates arranged in the
outer part (radially) of the liquid space of the bowl and encircling the bowl center
and cutting obliquely the lines of centrifugal force and arranged to act as couples
and each couple having common openings at the points nearest to the center and
supplementary outer guide plates cutting obliquely the lines of centrifugal force
and arranged as described whereby the liquid space of the bowl is divided into an
inner compartment and outer compartments, blue milk outlet conduits for the outer
compartments, separate blue milk outlet conduits for the inner compartment and
suitable inlet conduits, whereby currents of partly separated cream particles are
formed and guided into successive collisions and progressive coalescence of the
cream particles is attained, substantially as shown and described.
23. In a centrifugal creaming machine, the combination with a bowl and means
for rotating the same and suitable inlet and outlet conduits, of a single frame or
series of guide plates arranged in the outer part (radially) of the liquid space of
the bowl and encircling the bowl center and cutting obliquely the lines of centrifugal
force and arranged in couples, each couple having common openings at the points
nearest to the center and openings at the points furthest from the center, supple-
mentary outer guide plates cutting obliquely the lines of centrifugal force and
arranged as described, and a milk distributing base plate having openings for full
milk arranged on both sides of each guide plate and of each supplementary guide
plate, substantially as shown and described.
24. In a centrifugal creamer, the combination with the rotary bowl, of a
connecting frame comprising the perforated horizontal piate p, the vertical guide
plates, arranged in couples and the couples arranged in chords of the rotary bowl,
and the plates disposed at angles to said vertical guide piates, the said guide
$

page_text: plates and plates p and s-being. removable together from said bowl; and a feeding
tube adapted to lead the milk below said perforated horizontal plate, substantially
-as set forth..
Dated this 26th day of March 1895.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45 Southampton Buildings,, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant..