Improvements in and connected with the Ventilation of Drains and Sewers.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 26th Mar., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 24th Dec., 1891-Accepted, 26th Mar., 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with the Ventilation of Drains
and Sewers.
I, ISAAC SHONE, of Great George Street Chambers, Parliament Square,
London, S.W. Civil and Mining Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
This invention has for its object, amongst other things, to provide improvements
in or connected with the ventilation of drains and sewers.
According to my invention, sewer and drain gases are diluted with fresh
atmospheric air and are discharged into the atmosphere so diluted. The dilution
is effected by introducing fresh atmospheric air into the conduit, trap, or other
device by which the foul gases given off from the sewage in a drain or sewer are
discharged into the atmosphere. The gases so diluted and discharged will be far
less noxious in all respects than sewer gases as ordinarily discharged from drains
and sewers.
According to one mode of carrying out my invention, I use in connection with a
drain or sewer a stand pipe, chimney, or the like, and 1 apply and utilize the
natural draught that exists in such a pipe, chimney, or the like, as a means of
introducing the fresh air used as the diluent and the How of this air and the effect
of the stand pipe or chimney is utilized and caused to effect the removal of gas
from the drain or sewer-that is its ventilation-and to discharge it into the
atmosphere in a diluted state.
In one form of apparatus for effecting the end above described, I employ in or
in connection with a stand pipe, chimney, or other ventilating pipe, connected with
the drain or sewer, an inlet conduit, (such as a pipe which I may term an inverted
syphon) oue end of which is open to or partly open to the atmosphere, and the
other end is turned up inside the stand pipe and provided with a nozzle device.
The upward current of the air flowing out of the branch pipe discharge orifice
diminishes the pressure of gases about it and thereby causes, or aids in causing,
under all conditions, the removal or extraction of the gases from the drain or
sewer with which the stand pipe is connected, and at the same time dilutes them.
In addition to the above causes and effects, the differences of temperature
between the air within the stand pipe column or other ventilating pipe in which the
nozzle is placed, and that of the sewer gases (which differences must and do at all
times exist) will effect the dilutions and ventilation. That is to say, the greater
density of this atmospheric air, due to its temperature being lower than that of
the sewer gases, will in itself effect the introduction of the air into the nozzle
and stand pipe or the like, at a rapid rate of speed and thereby aid in setting up a
more or less strong induced current of gas from the sewer which becomes mixed
and diluted with the fresh air before it makes its exit into the atmosphere.
Street gas lamp posts can be adapted to serve as the stand pipes for the
ventilation of the sewers or drains and the discharge of the diluted sewer gases in
the manner above described.
It is to be understood that the improvements according to the invention may be
applied and carried out in various ways, and to different kinds of drains and sewers
or parts of sewerage systems.
Dated this 25th day of March 1891
CHEESBROUGH & ROYSTON,
15, Water Street, Liverpool, Applicant's Patent Agents.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with the Ventilation of Drains *
and Sewers.
I, ISAAC SHONE, of Great George Street Chambers, Parliament Square,
London, S.W. Civil and Mining Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention has for its object, amongst other things, to provide improvements
in or connected with the ventilation of drains and sewers.
According to my invention, sewer and drain gases are diluted with fresh
atmospheric air and are discharged into the atmosphere so diluted. The dilution
is effected by introducing fresh atmospheric air into the conduit, trap, or other
part or device, by which the foul gases given off from the sewage in a drain or
sewer are discharged into the atmosphere. The gases so diluted and discharged
will be far less noxious in all respects than sewer gases as ordinarily discharged
from drains and sewers.
According to one mode of carrying out my invention, I use in connection with a
drain or sewer a stand pipe, chimney or the like, and I apply and utilize the
natural draught that exists in such pipe, chimney, or the like, as a means of
introducing the fresh air used as the diluent; and the flow of this air, and the
effect of the stand pipe or chimney, is utilized and caused to effect the removal of
gas from the drain or sewer-that is its ventilation-and to discharge it into the
atmosphere in a diluted state.
In one form of apparatus for effecting the end above described, I employ in or
in connection with a stand pipe, chimney, or other ventilating pipe, connected with
the drain or sewer, an inlet conduit, such as a pipe (which I may term an inverted
syphon), one end of which is open to or partly open to the atmosphere, and the
other end is turned up inside the stand pipe and provided with a nozzle device.
The upward current of the air flowing out of the branch pipe discharge orifice
diminishes the pressure of gases about it and thereby causes, or aids in causing,
under all conditions, the removal or extraction of the gases from the drain or sewer
with which the stand pipe is connected, and at the same time dilutes them.
In addition to the above causes and effects, the differences of temperature
between the air within the stand pipe column or other ventilating pipe in which
the nozzle is placed, and that of the sewer gases (which differences must and do at
all times exist) will effect the dilutions and ventilation. That is to say, the
greater density of this atmospheric air, due to its temperature being lower than
that of the sewer gases, will in itself effect the introduction of the "air into the
nozzle and stand pipe or the like, at a rapid rate of speed, and thereby aid in
setting up a more or less strong induced current of gas from the-sewer, which
becomes mixed and diluted with the fresh air before it makes its exit into the'
atmosphere.
Street gas lamp posts can be adapted to serve as the stand pipes for the
ventilation of the sewers or drains and the discharge of the diluted sewer gases
the manner above described.
in
To set forth clearly my invention, the general nature, principle and effects of
which have been above described, I give in the accompanying drawings examples
illustrative of how it may be practically applied; and means, forms, and arrange
ments of apparatus suitable therefor: and these I will now describe. The letters
and figures of reference marked on the drawings correspond with those used in
the following explanation, the same letters and figures being used to denote the
same, like, or equivalent parts, wherever they occur in the different figures of the
drawings.
.

page_text: Figure is a sectional elevation illustrating one mode of ventilating according
to this invention.
Figure 2 is a sectional elevation shewing an arrangement or modification as
applied to house drains.
Figure 3 is a sectional elevation illustrative of another modification of the
apparatus shewn in Figure 1.
Figure 4 is a sectional elevation illustrating a further modification according to
this invention.
:
With reference in the first instance to Figure 1, designates the ordinary street
gravitating or other sewer; e is a nozzle device disposed within a chamber d,
said chamber being in communication with the sewer or drain by the
connecting pipe e; is a cover at the street, road, or other surface, by which
the chamber is enclosed is the stand-pipe, above referred to, by which the
diluting air is partially introduced into the ventilating apparatus, and the sewer or
drain gases are carried up above the street or road surface and discharged into the
atmosphere. is the air inlet conduit, that is the conduit by which atmospheric
air is automatically delivered into the nozzle device e, the extraction of sewer or
drain gases facilitated or exhausted, and the dilution of such gases effected.
is a grid valve by which the amount of air entering the pipe is regulated.
are gas burners and lamps on the stand-pipe, serving not only as illuminating
lamps, but as an aid in creating the indraught in said stand pipe, the products of
combustion of which are introduced through the pipes, into the stand pipe in
the manner shewn. is a cowl at the top end of the stand-pipe h.
The action of this apparatus is, that the indraught caused by the difference of
level of the outlets of the stand-pipe, and the inlet of the pipe i, is applied
and utilized as a means of introducing fresh air with and diluting the sewer or
drain gases coming from the sewer or drain a. The discharge of this fresh air
into the tapered mouth of the device e causes an exhausting action within the
chamber d, and thereby aids in the removal and dilution of the sewer or drain
gases from the sewer a through e. Besides this action, the differences of
temperature between the air or atmosphere within the pipe, and that of the sewer
gases (which differences must, and at all times do exist), are caused to aid in the
dilution and ventilation; that is to say, the greater density of the atmospheric air
due to its temperature being lower than that of the sewer or drain gases, will
effect the introduction of air into the nozzle and stand-pipe at a rapid rate of
speed, and set up a more or less strongly induced current of gases from the sewer.
These become largely charged or diluted with fresh air before they make their
exit into the atmosphere and being discharged at a suitable height are innoxious
and non-injurious.
The modification shewn in Figure 2 is especially adapted for ventilating house
drains and diluting the gases or vapours in the drain or other pipe with fresh air.
In this instance, in addition to the automatic ventilation due to the differences of
level of the outlet and inlet, and that due to the differences of temperature of the
gases or vapours in the drains or pipes and that of atmosphere, the fall of fluid
from the w.c.'s, baths, etc., is caused to aid in introducing atmospheric air into
the discharge pipe and to dilute said gases. In this instance the fluids from the
w.C., bath, etc., flow down the pipe into the trap, and in this action
mechanically cause the introduction of fresh atmospheric air down said pipe f
through the air inlet, such air being released from the falling fluid at a point
above, namely, at the bend, where it is given (by the form of such bend) an
upward direction, passing, in this portion of its travel, over the junction of the
pipe with the drain a, and then through the nozzle device c. In so doing it.
facilitates and aids the ascension of the gases or vapours and air from the lower
part of the pipe and house drain a', and therefore aids in the general ventilation
of the drain whenever fluid is discharged into said drain; whilst, of course, at
other times, the ventilation is due to the difference of level of the outlet /¹ of the
pipe h, and the air inlet (which in this case is at the ground level), and that due to

page_text: the excess of temperature of the drain gases or vapours, and the warming of the
air in passing through the drains, over that of the outside atmosphere.
In the example shewn in this Figure 2, between the house drain a' and the
sewer aa trap bend a² is provided.
In the arrangement shewn in Figure 3, to supplement the automatic ventilation
according to this invention (or if desired as a means of supplying the diluting air
partially or wholly), I employ an air jet exhausting device c, to which compressed
air is supplied through the pipe from any compressed air main, such for instance
as the compressed air pipe or main employed in the system of sewerage known as
"The Shone Hydro-pneumatic Sewerage System."
This air is discharged in an annular jet at into the mouth of the stand-
pipe, thereby causing a rarefaction in the chamber d and so introducing air and
sewer or drain gases (or in some cases gas or vapours only if the pipe i be absent),
from the sewer or drain a. As the air jet is annular, part of such fluids will pass
into through the internal passage of the device c. In some cases the pipe i
may be dispersed with; then the diluting air jet exhausting device c (shewn in
this figure) only is employed with the shaft h.
Referring now to Figure 4, the shaft shewn herein is of brickwork or stone,
in lieu of metal as shewn in the other figures. As in the other figures, i may
represent the fresh air inlet into the shaft, whilst e is the pipe communicating with
the drains, sewer, or other sewerage apparatus or part to be ventilated, and c the
nozzle device by which the discharge of gas or vapours (or in some cases air, such
as the exhaust air from a "Shone Hydro-pneumatic Ejector") is instrumental in
introducing diluting air through the pipe i. designate air passages in the shaft h
for the purpose of admitting further air thereto for diluting the sewer or drain
gases.
In the ventilation of drains and sewers according to this invention there may be
also connected with the ventilating apparatus or parts herein described, stations or
chambers wherein sewage is collected, or where Shone Hydro-pneumatic
Ejectors "
are disposed, or manholes, and other places connected with sewerage
systems. In such cases, of course these stations or chambers become ventilated as
well as the sewers or drains.
The improvements according to this invention may be carried out and applied in
different ways and to different kinds of sewers, drains or parts of sewerage systems
without departing from the general nature, spirit, or scope thereof. And it is
therefore not strictly confined to the particular relative dispositions of parts
described or the particular constructions thereof. Furthermore, the various
improvements herein may be used conjointly as well as individually where it is
desired to do so.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. Effecting the ventilation of drains or sewers, and the dilution of sewer or
drain gases or vapours by the employment of a stand-pipe or shaft with an
exhausting or extracting arrangement, and an air inlet conduit having its point of
inlet at a lower level than the stand-pipe or shaft outlet orifice, and connecting
same with the drains or sewers to be ventilated; operating substantially as herein
set forth.
2. The arrangement or combination with an illuminating gas lamp of sewer or
drain ventilating and sewer or drain gas diluting apparatus operating substantially
in the manner herein set forth.
3. A sewer or drain ventilating apparatus or means comprising a stand-pipe or
shaft, a fresh air inlet conduit with a regulating valve or device, and an exhausting
device or means such as described, the outlet of the upcast shaft or stand-pipe
being disposed in relation to the air inlet as described, and operating in connection
with the drains or sewers; substantially as set forth.

page_text: 4. The arrangement and construction of apparatus or parts for ventilating
sewers or drains, and diluting sewer or drain gases with air, set forth with
reference to Figure 1 of the drawings.
5. Apparatus for ventilating house drains, arranged and adapted to operate
substantially as set forth with reference to Figure 2 of the drawings.
6. Apparatus for ventilating sewers or drains and diluting sewer or drain gases
or vapours, operating substantially as set forth with reference to Figure 3 of the
drawings.
7. The sewer or drain ventilating shaft and parts set forth with reference to
Figure 4 of the drawings, operating as described.
Dated the 23rd day of December 1891.
CHEESBROUGH & ROYSTON, Fels. Chart. Inst. P.A.,
15, Water Street, Liverpool, Applicant's Patent Agents.