matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF BOAT AND MODE OF EMPLOYING THE SAME
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Baldwin Fulford Weatherdon and
William McNabb at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th
May 1876.
" AN
BALDWIN FULFORD WEATHERDON, of Chancery Lane, C.E., and WILLIAM MCNABB,
of Foulden Road, Stoke Newington, both in the County of Middlesex.
IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF BOAT AND MODE OF EMPLOYING THE SAME."
This Invention has for its object the construction of a rota boat and mode of
employing the same for enabling amateurs and others to be taught and practice
rowing as an athletic and healthy exercise at their own homes, or in public and
private baths and other buildings, or as an outdoor amusement in situations not
otherwise accessible to boating, whereby persons are enabled to row on continuously
within the radius of a circle for any length of time, by building the said boats so
as to turn concentrically round through the medium of a fixed vertical axis whilst
floating on the water, whereby a free and uninterrupted course of rowing is obtained
independently of steering or otherwise as at present, and consists in constructing
the said boats without the prow, stern, or helm as hitherto, by forming the keel,
ribs, and sides in one continuous piece or circle throughout, and fitting radiating
seats within the same so as to admit of rowing from the outer circumference or
gunwale of the boat in which the ordinary thowls for holding the oars are fixed.
Also forming in the centre of the floor or bottom of the boat a suitable bearing
for receiving the vertical axis aforesaid and keeping the boat in position within
the water-rink or circle whilst being rowed round. In connection with which
axis, indicators may be employed for giving the distanco travelled or number of ⚫
revolutions made.
The said boats when of large size may be roofed in or fitted with umbrella tents
or other accommodation, and in sinall sizes for children may be made of thin metal
and surrounded by baths of the same material.
-
IMPROVEMENTS IN TOBACCO PIPES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Frederick Redfern at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th July 1876. A communica-
tion from abroad by Messieurs Hochapfel, frères, of Strasbourg, Alsace-Lorraine,
Manufacturers.
GEORGE FREDERICK REDFERN, of the General Patent Office, 4, South Street,
Finsbury, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN TOBACCO
PIPES."
The chief object of these improvements is the construction of pipes for smoking
tobacco whereby a dry combustion of the tobacco is obtained and greater facility is
afforded for cleaning the pipe than hitherto.
In carrying out my improvements I provide the bowl of the pipe with a moveable
metal bottom perforated with a number of holes, and having a vertical rod or stem
by which it is fixed to a moveable reservoir, or receiver for the tobacco ash fitted
into the lower part of the bowl of the pipe. An elbowed canal or channel opens
into the said receiver, the other end of the said canal or channel opening into a
chamber or reservoir for receiving the saliva or other liquid from the mouth of the
smoker.
IMPROVED APPLIANCES OR APPARATUS TO BE USED AS BREAKS FOR STOPPING RAILWAY TRAINS OR CARRIAGES."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Philip Kershaw at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 10th February 1876.
PHILIP KERSHAW, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster.
"IMPROVED APPLIANCES OR APPARATUS TO BE USED AS BREAKS FOR STOPPING
RAILWAY TRAINS OR CARRIAGES."
The object of this Invention is to obtain the greatest possible amount of power to
stop the trains, and thereby avoid in numberless cases the danger and accidents
that at present so frequently occur.
Underneath the van, tender, and each carriage or wagon, or as many as may be
desired, I employ two bars or frames capable of moving to and fro on antifriction
rollers, and fix to each bar two pedestals or bearings carrying two shafts for each
axle and pair of the running wheels of the van, tender, carriage, or wagon.
To each shaft is fixed three toothed pinions one in the middle and one at each
end, and to each running wheel of the van, tender, carriage, or wagon is cast or
fixed a toothed wheel, into which the outer pinions can be put in and out of gear,
or the toothed wheels may be fixed to the axles.
Two of the central pinions for each axle and pair of running wheels gear into a
central rack having connected to it a strong spiral spring, the force of which can be
obtained either by contraction or expansion, and the outer end of each rack is in
contact with a spring that exerts force when being contracted or compressed.
The object of employing two sliding bars carrying two sets of shafts and pinions
for each axle and pair of running wheels is to enable one set of pinions to be in or
out of gear with the toothed wheels when the train is going in one direction, and
the other set when the train is travelling in the reverse direction.
The sliding bars on one vehicle are coupled by chains or other means to those of
the next, and so on, throughout the entire train, and the guard or engive driver, or
both combined, can shift the bars forwards and backwards as required, either to
place the pinions in gear with the toothed wheels or place them entirely out of
contact.
When the bars are shifted in either direction to put the outer pinions in gear
with the running toothed wheels, the latter for a short time turn the pinions and

page_text: their corresponding central one, which as it revolves moves its corresponding rack
so as to contract or expand its spring, the force of which is exerted upon the outer
pinions and toothed wheels, so that they quickly tighten and lock upon each other
and gradually bring the wheels on the rails to a dead stop, and thereby stop the
train, and when necessary a pin or key is placed in position to prevent any
ungearing or unslacking.
PROVEMENTS IN TRANSMITTING MOTION TO BODIES ON OR IN WATER, THE AIR, OR ON LAND, AND IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Buchanan at the Office of the
Commisioners of Patents on the 27th January 1870.
"
⚫ IM-
JOHN BUCHANAN, of Greenock, in the County of Renfrew, North Britain.
PROVEMENTS IN TRANSMITTING MOTION TO BODIES ON OR IN WATER, THE AIR, OR
ON LAND, AND IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR."
This Invention, which relates to a new or improved method or means for
transmitting motion to bodics on or in water, the air, or on the land, consists of an
apparatus formed principally of a strong cylinder or drum so arranged in or on or
in connexion with the steain space of a boiler that it is heated externally by the
steam, but so arranged that the steam does not pass through the said cylinder or
drum. This apparatus is placed in conjunction with an air pump or other
equivalent mechanism for forcing air or an elastic gas into the cylinder or drum up to
any required degree of pressure. The compressed air or gas is heated by the steam
surrounding the cylinder or drum so that its elastic force is thereby increased. The
outer end or part of the cylinder or drum, if resting in or on a steam chest, is
provided with one or more valves, which being opened allow the elastic and heated
inedium to escape into the air, which by its reaction has the effect of impelling,
steering, or guiding an object, such as a ship (in life boats without heating the
cylinder or drum if needed), balloon, or carriage, and in the case of the two last
may be compressed by a stationary engine or other suitable power, and have valves
to suit. The stationary engines are of the ordinary kind for operating air com-
pressing pumps, and the valves are such that when the coupling between the air
pumps and cylinder or drum is made by a moveable pipe, they open to allow the
passage of the air into the cylinder or drum, after which they close and retain the
air therein.
NEW OR IMPROVED PUMP
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Griffith Brewer at the Oflice
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th February 1876. A com-
munication from abroad by Alfred Morris, of Jeseritz, Pomerania.
"
A
EDWARD GRIFFITH BREWER, of Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex.
NEW OR IMPROVED PUMP." A communication from abroad by Alfred Morris, of
Jeseritz, Pomerania.
This Invention essentially consists in the construction of pumps with two or
double screws; the lower screw may be a screw with, say, four fans, each fan
forming the quadrant of a circle. The risc or pitch of the screw may be varied
according to the size or special requirements of each individual case.
The above mentioned screw is surrounded by a cylinder, above which there is a
conical casing containing a screw with, say, four fans or blades having a rise or pitch,
preferably larger than that of the lower screw and in opposite direction. This
screw may be a fixture, an arrangement found to be preferable for large pumps,
especially where gravel and sludge or slush has to be raised with the water, but
where water alone has to be raised a modified arrangement is in some cases
advisable. Above the screw there is a stuffing box to prevent the return of water,
gravel, or slush through the centre. The driving rod to which the lower revolving
screw is keyed is steadied by bearings where requisite, the number being regulated
according to the depth of tube.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Percy Holt at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 16th March 1876.
HENRY PERCY HOLT, of Royal Insurance Buildings, Leeds, in the County of
York, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MOTIVE-POWER ENGINES."
This Invention consists in the combined arrangement of a compound steam and
compressed air engine, having high-pressure cylinder worked by steam in the
ordinary manner, which exhausts into a low-pressure cylinder together with com-
pressed air, which is admitted from a receiver or reservoir. The combined air and
steam being expanded together in the low-pressure cylinder, the heat required to
keep up the temperature of the air during expansion is derived from the steam,
which is condensed during the process of expansion.
In order to increase the work given off I employ an intermediate receiver, and in
some cases close the exhaust valve of the high-pressure cylinder before admitting
the compressed air from the reservoirs. The air is stored in reservoirs or receivers
(and in some cases is admitted thro' a reducing valve to the cylinders), and is
compressed in the ordinary manner, in some cases up to 25 atmospheres.
The steam is supplied by accumulator boilers, or sometimes in case of locomotives
from superheated water (supplied from stationary generators at stations), and stored
in reservoirs for use.
The air for locomotives may be injected into the receivers at stations, and stored
in the same manner.
In some cases the air may be supplemented at the end of the stroke by water
injection to assist condensation.
AN IMPROVED LINT FOR SURGICAL AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Shaw-Brown at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th December 1876.
SAMUEL SHAW-BROWN, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Manufacturer.
"AN IMPROVED LINT FOR SURGICAL AND OTHER PURPOSES."
The object of my Invention is to provide a lint for surgical and medicinal
purposes with a free soft pile and a porous strong elastic backing. For these
purposes cloth of the desired fibre is woven from threads of different counts or sizes,
by preference a number six and a number four, or a number eight and a number six
alternately, and such cloth is subjected to the action of a knife or knives, and
other well known appliances, with the necessary cushion for raising a free and elastic
pile.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF ATTACHING REELS TO FISHING RODS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Mulhall Corbet at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st August 1876.
JOHN MULHALL CORBET, Civil Engineer, Delgany, Co. Wicklow, Ireland. "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF ATTACHING REELS TO FISHING RODS."
This Invention consists in a novel method of applying or attaching the ordinary
reels to ordinary fishing rods, and is designed (1) to produce a balanced rod, that
is, one which shall be well balanced which ever side or lateral part of it may
happen to be held uppermost; (2) to enable the reel to carry more line than in the
ordinary arrangement; (3) to enable the rod with its reel attached to fit in a caso
Jittle larger in diameter than would be requisite for the rod without its reel.
Instead of attaching the reel to the outer surface of the fishing rod in the ordinary
manner I provide a frame consisting of two side plates or cheeks, and two tubular
or hollow ends. Into one of these tubular ends (which may be of brass or other
suitable material) I insert the top part of the fishing rod, and into the other I insert
the lower portion or handle of the rod.
The tubular ends may be cast in one piece with the side plates or cheeks,
between which the reel is arranged, its axis passing through the side plates or cheeks.
At the outer side of one cheek is the handle for turning the reel; at the outer
side of the other may be a ratchet arrangement or equivalent for preventing the
unwinding of the line.
AN IMPROVED MACHINE OR APPA- RATUS FOR IRONING LINEN AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Gladwyn at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th May 1876.
WILLIAM GLADWYN, of Hammersmith, in the County of Middlesex, Manager
of the London Laundry Company (Limited). "AN IMPROVED MACHINE OR APPA-
RATUS FOR IRONING LINEN AND OTHER ARTICLES."
This Invention relates to an improved machine or apparatus for ironing domestic
and other linen, and other articles requiring such treatment, and it has for its
object the provision of a cheaply constructed and easily manipulated machine,
strong, but of comparatively light weight, and simple in its construction, for
effecting the ironing of such articles in lieu of ironing them by hand or otherwise,
and thereby materially economizing labour by reducing the number of operatives
required.
The improved ironing machine or apparatus is constructed with suitable side
frames, which at the top are provided at the front with a feed board, and at the
rear with a delivery board. Between these boards a space or opening is left, and
in this space is fitted transversely of the machine a trough-shaped or semi-
cylindrical iron carried centrally and by the side frames and bolted to the top
thereof or otherwise.
In the trough of this iron revolves a roller of wood or metal and covered (or not)
with cloth or other suitable material, the shaft of this roller is carried by an arm
at each side of the machine, and these arms are centred on a shaft carried by the
side frames, and carrying at one end a driving pulley, and at the other end a
driving spur pinion which gears with and gives motion to a spur wheel on the
eaid roller shaft so as to rotate the roller in the bed of the iron. This arrangement
allows also of the roller being lifted from the bed of the iron without ungearing
the said spur pinion and wheel, this lifting being required to be effected to allow
of the fabrics to be ironed being placed between the roller and the bed of
the iron, which is heated from underneath by gas, and also to allow of perfect
control over the said fabrics while they are being carried round by the rotation
of the roller against the heated bed of the iron to immediately release and re-enter
them in the event of their creasing or otherwise getting spoiled. The lifting of
[Price 2.]

page_text: the roller is effected by means of the said arms, to which are attached the upper
ends of connecting rods, the lower ends of which are attached to the inner side of
the footboard, which is centred to and carried by the side frames, and the depression
of which by the foot of the operator causes the immediate raising of the roller,
and the freeing of the linen or other articles or fabrics from its control.
IMPROVEMENTS IN UMBRELLAS, PARASOLS, AND SUNSHADES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Albert Domeier and Friedrich
Wishelm Adolf Baumgarten at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents
on the 25th November 1876.
ALBERT DOMEIER, of 3, Botolph Lane, E.C., London, and FRIEDRICH WISHELM
ADOLF BAUMGARTEN, of Hamburg. "IMPROVEMENTS IN UMBRELLAS, PARASOLS,
AND SUNSHADES."
This Invention has for its object improvements in umbrellas, parasols, and
sunshades.
In constructing umbrellas, parasols, and sunshades, I employ the ordinary frame
with stretchers of the usual length in relation to the ribs. The reel of the runner to
which the stretchers are jointed in place of being fixed upon the runner tube, as is
usual, is mounted upon it in such manner that the runner tube can slide within the
wheel of the runner. The runner tube is of unusual length so that it projects beyond
the points of the ribs when the umbrella is closed, and it has fixed upon it a cup
within which the points of the ribs can be collected, and the ribs being retained
thereby there is no need for the lower catch with which umbrellas are commonly
provided. The further or inner end of the runner tube has a flange upon it, and a
coiled spring is confined between this flange and the wheel of the runner, which is
pressed by the spring against a collar provided on the runner tube as an abutment
for it. By the yielding of this spring however such an amount of freedom is
allowed to the runner tube as is necessary to admit of the tips of the ribs being
placed within or freed from the cup, which, as before mentioned, is fixed upon the
outer end of the runner tube.
A NEW OR IMPROVED BLAST PIPE, EXIT OR DISCHARGE ORIFICE FOR LOCOMOTIVE AND OTHER ENGINES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Steel and John McInnes at tho
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th April 1876.
"
JAMES STEEL and JOHN MCINNES, both of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, Engineers. A NEW OR IMPROVED BLAST PIPE, EXIT OR DISCHARGE
ORIFICE FOR LOCOMOTIVE AND OTHER ENGINES."
This Invention, which relates to a new or improved blast pipe, exit, or discharge
orifice for locomotive and other engines, has for its object-
First. To diminish the back pressure on the pistons and the loss of effect or
power due thereto.
Second. To economise the fuel consumed in or by such engines.
These objects are effected by constructing the exit or discharge orifice of the
blast pipe with an annular opening of large area, thereby dispensing with the con-
tracted or narrowed mouth piece at present employed. The blast pipe from cach
cylinder leads into opposite sides of the annular space, and the exhaust steam
escaping through the annular orifice produces a powerful induction of the blast
both by its internal and external action spread over a large surface of area.
place of one such annular orifice two or more may be used in succession.
In
Under a modified arrangement the blast exit is cylindrical, and around it one or
more conical or curved induction shields or guides are placed so that the central
jet draws the air powerfully by its inducing action through the surrounding shields
placed in the smoke box or funnel.
IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING, TWISTING, AND DOUBLING WOOL, COTTON, SILK, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1876

page_text: 1
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John William Gooder at the Office
"IMPROVEMENTS
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th October 1876.
JOHN WILLIAM GOODER, of Halifax, in the County of York.
IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SPINNING, TWISTING, AND DOUBLING WOOL,
COTTON, SILK, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES."
This Invention relates to machinery for the above purposes, commonly known as
'cap" frames. Yarn spun or otherwise operated upon in such "frames" is not
subjected to that amount of "drag," which it would receive upon an ordinary
flyer" or "ring and traveller" frame. This absence of drag is beneficial for some
classes of yarn, whilst others require or are improved by "dragging."
"
The principal object of this Invention is to combine the advantages of the cap
frame with those of the "ring and traveller" or "flyer" frame.
I propose to employ along with an ordinary "cap" a traveller controlled either
by the bottom of the "cap or by a ring or other equivalent fixed to the upper part
or suspended concentrically with the same. Or I may in some cases dispense with
the traveller, and simply control the thread by the suspended ring. The centri-
fugal force which causes the thread to diverge or fly from the central line of spindle
causes it to press upon the inner side of the suspended ring, which acts as a brake
or "drag," and also keeps the thread much steadier.
I may also employ a short flyer revolving upon an upright pin or centre at the
top of the cap.
PROVEMENTS IN DISTRIBUTING MANURES AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR.
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Parker at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd February 1876.
"IM-
ROBERT PARKER, of Stranraer, in the County of Wigton, North Britain.
PROVEMENTS IN DISTRIBUTING MANURES AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS
EMPLOYED THEREFOR.
و"
This Invention relates to improvements in machinery or apparatus employed in
the distribution of manures.
The manure to be distributed is placed within a box or vessel, wherein is also
contained one or more vertical or inclined shafts provided with blades, the lower
blades being by preference placed at an acute angle relatively with the shafts or
with each other, whereby they are caused to direct the manure towards and to pass
it through openings in the bottom of the box or vessel. The upper.blades on the
vertical or inclined shafts conduct or feed the manure to the lower or delivery
blades. The machine whilst being drawn over the ground is caused to rotate, the
vertical or inclined shafts with the blades by means of bevil, spur, or equivalent
mechanism provided for that purpose, and which is capable of being thrown into
and out of gear at pleasure. The holes or openings in the bottom of the box or
vessel; and through which the manure passes outwards may either be made oblong,
circular, elliptical, rectangular, or of any other suitable figure in plan.
Under a modification of the Invention instead of employing only inclined or
vertical shafts with blades for the purposes set forth, a combination of inclined or
vertical with a horizontal shaft or shafts may be used, in which case the lower or
delivery blades are situate on the said horizontal shaft or shafts, the upper
or feeding blades being placed on the vertical or inclined shafts as herein-before set
forth. With this arrangement any desired number of delivering blades may be
placed on the horizontal shaft or shafts, and these may cach be caused to pass
manure through a separate hole or opening in the box, or two or more blades may
deliver through the same hole or opening.
Under another modification the feeding blades are situated on a horizontal shaft
or shafts, the delivery blades being arranged on the shafts placed vertically or at
an angle.
In conjunction with either arrangement of the improved machine a shaft,

page_text: rotating at a high speed, and on which fan-shaped or equivalent blades are placed
is or may be situated below the openings in the box or vessel, so that as the
manure issues through the said holes or openings it is by the action of the fan-
shaped blades scattered broadcast over the surface of the field. Such quickly
rotating shaft may be capable of being removed from the machine or otherwise
rendered inoperative when it is not desired to distribute the .manure broadcast.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF TREATING PARAFFINE AND OTHER FATS OR FATTY MATTERS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick George Morton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th August 1876.
FREDERICK GEORGE MORTON, of No. 3, New Cross Road, Deptford, in the County
of Surrey, Engineer. "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF TREATING PARAFFINE AND OTHER
FATS OR FATTY MATTERS."
This Invention of an improved method of treating paraffine and other fats or
fatty matters has for its object to realize in an expeditious and economical manner
the separation of the oil and coloring matter from paraffine, and the separation
from each other of the constituents of other fats or fatty matters, whose constituents
have different melting points; for instance, besides being applicable in refining
paraffine, my Invention may be used in separating oleine from stearine, and in
other analogous operations.
In carrying out my Invention I place the cakes or pieces of paraffine or other
fats or fatty compounds in shallow boxes or cases constructed with perforated sides,
interposing a quantity of common soda or other alkali between the cakes or pieces
of paraffine or fat or fatty compound. The boxes or cases may each be composed
of a frame of wood forming four lateral parts or sides, say about one inch wide, and
of two perforated sheets of zinc forming the two other and larger lateral parts or
sides; one at least of the perforated sides must be made removeable for the
introduction of the material to be treated
The perforated boxes or cases are placed about two inches apart in a tank of
water heated by steam or otherwise (but preferably by steam) to a temperature
slightly below that which will melt the constituent having the higher melting point,
and the temperature is then regulated to allow the heat to gradually extract the
constituent or constituents which melt at lower temperatures, as for example, in
the case of paraffine to gradually extract the oil and coloring matter. As this
operation is repeated the paraffine is finished and filtered in the ordinary way.
For some operations, perforated boxes or cases as herein described may be
employed without the use of alkali. The perforated-boxes or cases may be arranged
horizontally or vertically, and may be fixed, or may have an oscillatory or rotatory
motion, according to requirement.
MENTS IN PADLOCKS
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Amos Vaughan at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 14th September 1876.
AMOS VAUGHAN, of Willenhall, Staffordshire, Lock Manufacturer.
MENTS IN PADLOCKS."
"IMPROVE-
This Invention of improvements in padlocks consists in applying to the bow or
shackle of a padlock a spring, so that when the bolt or catch is withdrawn, or held
back, the bow flies open, and in making the bolt in the form of a lever, working
on a centre pin attached to one or both side plates of the lock, or making the lever
with projections to act as the said pin, and working partly in or through the side
plates of the lock, the one end of this lever is provided with a catch or projection,
and is acted upon by a spring to keep it in the position in which it locks into the
eye catch or mortise hole of the bow to keep the lock fastened, the other end of the
lever being acted upon by the key withdraws the catch from the eye, and the first
named spring being free to act on the bow the bow flies up. The key is only
required to act for part of a revolution, and the bow once liberated, the key may
be withdrawn altogether, the lock being fastened by simply pressing the bow
into the lock which are respectively made by bevelled faces to lock into each
other.
I prefer to make the bow and the catch so that the spring may work upon half
of the end of the bow, and to cut away half of the lever at the catch, so that the
spring may work down by the side of the portion of the lever catch which locks
into the eye or bolt hole of the bow.
The same principle may be applied by using a push key of any desired form to
enter at the lower edge of the padlock to act upon the lever, in which case I also
add a revolving plate with a notch in it, the revolving plate being attached
to and working on a pin passing through the front plate of the lock and actuated
from the outside to any desired position by a piece of metal or pointer.
The before-mentioned lever has a projection which in any attempt to raise it
strikes against the revolving plate, unless it is turned round to allow the pro-
jection to enter the notch, and forms thus a secret lock, as until the revolving
plate is brought into the proper position the lever cannot be lifted and the bow
of the lock released.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER SKATES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Woodcroft Hammond at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th February 1870.
HENRY WOODCROFT HAMMOND, of 27, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER SKATES."
My Invention relates to certain arrangements of mechanism whereby the rollers
of a skate can be made to perform curves or other evolutions, and consists in the
employment of straight axles upon which the rollers or wheels are fixed, and
revolve in the usual manner, the said axles having circular revolving platforms
fitted upon them midway between their bearings, and which work around a pivotted
support attached to the under side of the foot stand or stock. On the periphery of
said circular revolving platforms and at right angles to their axis I affix two pins
in either a vertical or horizontal position, to which are attached one end of a lever,
the other end of which lever is fitted to bear against the under side of the foot stand
or stock, so that when the said foot stand or stock receives any lateral pressure the
same is communicated by means of this lever to the circular revolving platform,
thereby causing the axles on which they are fixed to turn, and the wheels or rollers
to assume a radial position. If necessary to impart velocity to the skater and give
clasticity to the skates, either spiral, elliptical, or other springs may be used and
fitted transversely or longitudinally to the under side of the foot stock.
For the better prevention of accidents, and to enable the skater to have more
controul over his performance while skating, I employ fixed to the bind axle of
the skates one or more conical friction discs or pulleys, which by means of a lever
can be made to immediately arrest the progress of the skater when so desired.
Iм- PROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF MEDICINES, AND IN THE APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING THE SAME
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Henry Cradock Monckton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the Sth July 1876.
EDWARD HENRY CRADOCK MONCKTON, of Fineshade, Northamptonshire. "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF MEDICINES, AND IN THE APPARATUS FOR
EFFECTING THE SAME."
My improvements consist,―
Firstly. In pounding up and grinding to a paste in the usual way, or in a
chocolate mill, the kernals of castor oil and other medicinal seeds with sugar, flour,
and other ingredients, nice and pleasant to the taste, such as sweet almond meal,
the paste of chocolate and cocoa, jams, preserves, syrups, and marmalades, in order
to form cakes and mixtures pleasant to eat, completely disguising the medicine
itself.
Secondly. In adding other medicines to these ingredients in such proportions as to
produce the desired results, whether more or less powerful; thus, the croton seed
kernal, quinine, calomel, and any medicine the taste of which would thus be
disguised.
Thirdly. In making cakes in the above manner with other medicines and in
flavoring them with essences, tinctures, and essential oils, such as cinnamon, clove,
vanilla, and nutmeg.
Fourthly. In the composition of the following pill, an excellent and cheap
family medicine for young and old, and which from its almost universal application
I term "the family doctor" :-Calomel, 1 part; aloes, 4 parts; myrrh, jalap, red
pepper, ginger, of each 2 parts; mix, and make into small pills; the calomel may
be omitted.
Fifthly. In the application in various proportions of Canada balsam in combina-
tion with the sparta or halfa grass, gum and oil of the eucalyptus as an excellent
remedy for sores, woulds, and ulcers.
Sixthly. In combining with finely ground sugar volatile liquids and substances
likely to change their nature by exposure to the atmosphere, and subjecting the
mixture to great pressure by stamping or pressing in suitably shaped moulds, by

page_text: which means the density and hardness acquired outside effectually prevents
evaporation and disintegration, and causes the virtues of the medicine to remain
intact where desired. The pill or tablet is further protected by a coating of
isinglass, gum, or gelatine. The following are a few samples of ingredients to which
the process is applicable-Ethers, tinctures, essences, essential oils, volatile solutions, &
compounds of iodine, phosphorus, ammonia, and such like.
PROTECTORS TO BE USED AS SUBSTITUTES FOR UMBRELLAS." IMPROVED WEATHER
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Solomon Kott at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 24th July 1876.
"
SOLOMON KOTT, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster.
PROTECTORS TO BE USED AS SUBSTITUTES FOR UMBRELLAS."
IMPROVED WEATHER
This Invention consists of a covering placed on the head, hat, bonnet, or cap,
which covering is formed of waterproof materials and fitted with ribs and arms
or springs which can be expanded when required as a weather protector and
contracted or closed when to be placed in the pocket.
The part which is fitted to the hat or bonnet is encircled with a spiral spring so
as to enable that part of the cover to suit various sizes, and in connection with
this spring there are other springs which expand the ribs and cover which are
then held by catches, all being released when the cover is taken off the hat or
bonnet by the contraction of the encircling spiral springs.
This apparatus is intended to be made of any required dimensions and capable
of being expanded more or less as desired, and when in use it effectually protects
the wearer from being wetted by rain or snow, there being in the front opposite the
eyes a sheet of transparent material to enable the wearer to see beyond the cover,
in the inside of which there are flaps to cover the ears, and fastened at the front by
a button, buckle, or other well know means.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Rowland Jordan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st July 1876.
THOMAS ROWLAND JORDAN, of the City of London.
SKATES."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER
The object attained by the peculiar construction of these skates is to give the
skater the greatest possible facility in performing every kind of evolution on any
level floor which is possible with ordinary skates on a smooth surface of ice, and to
assimilate the notion thereto as far as possible.
According to this Invention I place a longitudinal axis, about which the sole
plate moves below the axes of the wheels, thus making the act of skating on rollers
as nearly as possible identical with that of skating on ice, because the bearing on
which the foot and the whole weight of the body turns is very near the surface
skated on, and the use of these skates is more easily learnt than that of ice skates,
because in making the most rapid curves and evolutions it is not essential that any
of the wheels should leave the rink surface.
The ends of the aforesaid longitudinal axis are turned to work in metal castings,
which also receive vertical spindles, preferably forged solid with the horizontal axis
of the rollers. A small lever projects from the top of each vertical spindle, which
lever works through a slot or fork or loop dependent from the under side of the
sole plate, and this gives direction to the roller axles for passing over curves to the
right or left according to the direction of pressure exerted by the skater.
The sole plate may be of wood or metal, and it is fastened to the foot by straps
or springs and clips as usual; but the only connection between the sole plate and
the roller carriage is by the end gudgeons of the longitudinal axis, as already
described, and from these being below the axes of the rollers it is sufficient and
effective in the way specified.
The rollers of my skate may be of any material and of the usual construction,
but for the best skates I prefer making them in two parts, having a hollow space
in the centre to receive tallow or any other lubricant which is solid at the usual
atmospheric temperature. I bush these wheels with a brass tube in which there
are small holes drilled, so that when the least heat is developed by friction the
lubricant will melt and pass through these holes to the wheel axle, and I thus avoid
the great inconvenience of frequent oiling, or rather render that process automatic.
This construction of the rollers also admits of readily fitting them with suitable
rubber tires for those who prefer them.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN DYEING WOOL IN INDIGO VATS
Year: 1876

page_text: .
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Croysdale at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 28th October 1876.
WILLIAM CROYSDALE, of Leeds, in the County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN DYEING WOOL IN INDIGO VATS."
The object of my Invention is to effect a saving of labour and indigo in dyeing
wool in indigo vats, and to dispense with the employment of what is known as the
nets and bags used in the dyeing and wringing processes.
I provide a perforated receiver of metal or other suitable material, this I lower
into the vat, which has been previously charged with the liquor prepared ready for
dyeing; when the receiver is lowered to the required extent into the vat the wool
is thrown into it and undergoes the process of dyeing.
When required the receiver containing the wool may be drawn out of the vat by
means of any convenient appliance, such as a crane or its equivalent.
When the wool is sufficiently dyed the receiver is taken out of the vat and
tilted on one side in order to get as much liquor as possible out of the wool and
more rapidly previous to its being taken to the wringing apparatus. The tilting
operation may be done by any ordinary means.
A doorway is provided in the side of the receiver through which the operator
may pass for the purpose of taking out the wool or for cleansing purposes.
RAILWAY RIVER BRIDGE
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by André Brosson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd May 1876.
ANDRÉ BRESSON, Engineer, 10, Dacres Road, Forest Hill, Kent.
RAILWAY RIVER BRIDGE."
"
"A NEW
Many cities situated on the shores of a river are ports, the navigation on which
prevents the establishment of bridges. It is this difficulty I overcome by my
railway river bridge which, without stopping the navigation, unites the two shores
as well as a bridge. To effect this, at the two ends of the streets abutting on the
river, I establish landing stages in wood or masonry projecting in the river.
sixty foet. At the end of these stages the depth of the river will be attained;
should it not be, it must be dredged or excavated to that depth. Between these
two stages, on an arranged level on the bed of the river, I establish four lines of rail
secured on screw piles driven into the bed of the river. On each pair of rails I
establish an iron framework supporting enormous platforms, the whole reposing on
double axletrees, at the extremities of which are grooved wheels prepared to run on
the two lines of rails. The height of these platforms will be exactly that of the
landing stages. Each platform when prepared for loading is held by proper
apparatus so arranged to be easily attached or liberated. There will be the same
arrangement on each pair of rails, by which means the platform will serve alter-
nately in opposite directions; always rolling on the same rails their elovation must
correspond with that of the landing stages. These platforms are to be drawn by
great chains performing the forward and backward movement by the power of the
same steam engine, of which there will be one on each side the river. When the
platform arrives at its destination it discharges and recharges its load of waggons,
cattle, and passengers, and so crosses and recrosses alternatively every ten minutes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RINK AND PARLOUR SKATES."
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Clark Loe at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th April 1876.
CE
WILLIAM CLARK LOE, of Lyndhurst Road, Peckham, in the County of Surrey.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RINK AND PARLOUR SKATES."
The Invention relates to improvements in the construction of rink and parlour
skates.
For this purpose I attach various sockets with chambers so designed ns to act
as counter surfaces and receptacles for retaining spheres or globes of unequal
diameters in such relative positions that they readily and easily revolve, and thereby
reduce the friction to the minimum and enable the skater to vary or alter his
course at pleasure with the least exertion.
This mode of arranging the various parts may be constructed with or without
the aid of discs or wheels and axletrees.
.
When constructed without discs or wheels and axletrees in place of axles on
swivel joints I sometimes employ a carriage or carriages to carry sets of chambers
with spheres of unequal diameters, or I use gripping pieces attached on the foot
bearings made of suitable material to act on the surface on which it is intended to
skate.
The spheres or globes I make of glass, porcelain, ivory, vulcanite, metal, or other
suitable hard material.
When constructed with spheres and with discs or wheels, revolving on axles the
axles work on swivel joints on the under sides of the foot bearings, the axles being
governed in their motion by suitable inclined ways.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN RAILWAY BRAKES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Peebles at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 6th October 1876.
JOHN PEEBLES, of Fallside, in the County of Lanark, North Britain. ❝ IMPROVE-
MENTS IN RAILWAY BRAKES."
This Invention, which relates to improvements in contunious brakes for railway
trains, consists in adapting to each pair or to the end pairs of wheels in each car-
riage, a wedge, which is suspended from a cord or chain, conducted upwards at the
carriage end to the roof, whereat the said cord or chain is terminated in a piece of
flexible india-rubber or other elastic material.
Rollers carried at the outer ends of levers, centred on a shaft supported by the
carriage frame, are situated opposite the wedges, and in proximity to the axles of
the end pairs of wheels. The levers carrying the said rollers are connected to other
levers, at whose extremities the brake blocks are secured. The elastic portion at
the upper end of the chain or cord attached to each wedge is connected to a hori-
zontal cord or chain running the entire length of the train, and on the tender or
locomotive engine a weight is suspended from the end of the said cord or chain.
The apparatus is so arranged that only the chain or cord attached to the wedges,
which for the time being are at the rearward end of each carriage, are connected to
the horizontal chain or cord above referred to. With this arrangement, when it is
desired to apply the brakes, the weight on the longitudinal chain or cord is released,.
which has the effect of dropping the wedges between the axles of the wheels and
the rollers herein-before described, and the said wedges being drawn in by the re-
volving axles push the rollers in such a manner as to apply the brake blocks to the
wheels throughout the train, whose motion is thereby retarded or stopped. The
brakes are again released by means of springs or weighs attached to the levers
carrying the brake blocks. The apparatus may be employed so as to operate at one
side only of each wheel or brake; blocks may, if desired, be placed at both sides of
the wheels, these blocks being also attached to the levers herein-before mentioned.
AN IMPROVED PROCESS OF 'SATINING' OR IMPREGNATING WITH CERTAIN SUBSTANCES TISSUE AND OTHER PAPER
Year: 1876

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Mullord at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 8th February 1876.
ALEXANDER MULLORD, of Hoxton, in the County of Middlesex. "AN IMPROVED
PROCESS OF 'SATINING' OR IMPREGNATING WITH CERTAIN SUBSTANCES TISSUE
AND OTHER PAPER."
My Invention relates to an improved method of satining or impregnating
tissue and other paper with wax or other analogous material in a continuous
length in the roll or otherwise, instead of in the sheet as usual.
According to my Invention I immerse the roll or continuous length of paper
in a vat or other receptacle containing the "satining" material in a melted con-
dition, or the roll of paper may be placed in the vat, together with the "satining"
material in a cold state, and the same be afterwards heated so as to cause
the roll or continuous length of paper to absorb a sufficient quantity of
satining" material. I then place the roll on a spindle or on friction rollers, or
otherwise support the same in such manner that the paper may be run off in a
continuous length, the roll being placed over a hot pan or in an oven so that the
satining material may be kept in a melted state, or if cold can be remelted as
the paper is unrolled or drawn out in a continuous length. The end of the roll
of paper is next fastened to a roller or winder, which is turned at a sufficient
speed to prevent the "satining" material from being entirely absorbed and
becoming dull on the surface, or the paper may be unwound for a given length
without the aid of a roller or winder and wound upon a second roll. Between
these two rolls is placed a pipe leading from a fan or bellows for directing a
current of artificially cooled air upon the paper, in order to suddenly cool the
"satining" material, or with the same object I may pass it over a drum or roller
containing ice or cold water, or I may exhaust the hot air by an air pump or
other means, the object being in all cases to prevent the continuous lengths of
paper from adhering together before the wax or satining material is thoroughly set.
AN IMPROVED VELOCIPEDE.
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Priessnitz Bonwick at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st August 1876.
WILLIAM PRIESSNITZ BONWICK, of Clare Lodge, St. John's Road, Putney, in the
County of Surrey. "AN IMPROVED VELOCIPEDE.'
This Invention has for its object an improved velocipede. This improved
velocipe is constructed with two wheels, one at each side of the vehicle. These
wheels are arranged parallel to each other with their centres in a common axial line,
but each wheel is free to rotate independently of the other, so that the vehicle may
be easily guided.
In one arrangement each wheel turns on a separate axle. The two axles aro
connected by and carry a curved or bent bar or a frame, a part of which frame may
in some cases be made moveable to facilite ingress and egress. Sometimes the
curved or bent bar or frame and the axles may be formed in one piece. The bar or
frame serves inter alia as a rest or support for the hands or arms, and sometimes
for the body of the rider, who, according to my Invention sits astride or upon a
suspended saddle or seat, so arranged relatively to the axis of the wheels as to bring
the rider's centre of gravity below that axis. He propels the vehicle by the action
of his feet against the ground.
The construction and arrangement of the axles may be varied to suit cir-
cumstances.
By the combination of a suspended saddle with wheels and axles, and a curved
or bent bar or a frame as described, I produce a vehicle of extreme lightness, which
may be easily propelled and readily guided, even by inexperienced persons, without
danger of their falling, and with such vehicles high speeds may be attained.
Sometimes I may provide the wheels with brakes, and a foot rest may be also
used.