Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 30th Mar., 1899-Accepted, 6th May, 1899
[A communication from abroad by the POPE MANUFACTURING COMPANY (Incor-
porated), of Hartford, Connecticut, United States of America].
I, PHILIP MIDDLETON JUSTICE, of 55 and 56, Chancery Lane, in the County of
Middlesex, Fellow of the Chartered Institute of Patent Agents, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be narticularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to explosion or other like engines or motors, one part of
the invention having for its object to improve the devices for cooling the cylinders
or other parts of such engines or motors, and another part of the invention having
for its object to improve the construction and operation of the electrical igniters
for producing the explosion of the charges within such engines or motors. In the
drawings
Figure 1 is a view partly in elevation, partly in section, and partly broken off.
with some parts indicated in dotted lines, of a motor which is equipped with the
improved device for cooling the cylinder.
Figure 2 is a detail section on the plane indicated by the line 2-2 of Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a detail section on the plane indicated by the line 33 of Figure 1.
Figure 4 is a plan view of the parts shown in Figure 1.
Figure 5 is a side elevation, partly in vertical section, of the motor shown in
Figure 1, but on a larger scale, illustrating particularly the igniter and governor,
the casing of these parts being removed.
Figure 6 is a detail view in side elevation, on a larger scale than Figure 5,
showing in detail parts of the igniter.
Figure 7 is a view in side elevation, on the same scale as Figure 6, showing
parts of the governor.
Referring first to Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4 of the drawings, the motor as a whole
is sufficiently indicated at F, the cylinder being provided as usual with radiating
flanges f. The improvement is particularly concerned with the water jacket or
cooling device which is here shown as applied to the head of the cylinder and the
adjacent portions of the valve boxes. It is usual, in motors of this general
character, that is to say, explosive engines generally, to apply a water jacket
which is connected with a supply tank, generally open to atmospheric pressure
or provided with a relief valve, the object being to prevent any increase of pressure
within the water jacket and the connected pipes. In accordance with this inven-
tion, however, the jacket and radiating pipes connected therewith are hermetically
sealed with the object of allowing the increase of pressure within the system, as
this increase of pressure results in approximately proportionate increase in the
rapidity of radiation. The increase of radiation aids, of course, the circulation in
the cooling system, and in fact the radiation increases approximately as the pressure,
so that the radiation will be more rapid in the case of heating of the engine parts
The length or
and the device will be automatic in its operation to this extent.

page_text: rather area of circulating coil or surface is made sufficient to properly radiate for
a given engine and prevent the pressure from ever rising sufficiently to burst the
system, and consequently the bursting strength of the system enters as a factor
in the device, it being important to observe that as aggravated conditions increase
the heat of operative parts or the chambers of the engine, pressure in the cooling
system is augmented and a proportionate increase in radiation follows to accom-
modate the new conditions.
As shown in the drawings, the jacket around the cylinder head is tightly
closed, the supply pipe fi being connected thereto at one point, preferably the
lowest, while the delivery pipe f2 is connected thereto at a remote point, preferably
the highest. The radiating pipe F2 preferably rises from the delivery end of the
chamber within the casing, with as little bending as possible or nearly straight,
to the highest point and is then coiled, in an open coil, to give the requisite length
for radiation and consequent cooling of the contained water. A short pipe F³
affords a convenient connection between the coil and the cooling chamber or
jacket, as well as a moderate sized reservoir, and its end is conveniently closed by
a cap which may be removed for the purpose of enabling the water to be
introduced into the system. In practice the system is not completely filled with
water, a small volume of air being left to act as a cushion or buffer."
The motor has also been improved with respect to the construction and arrange-
ment of the igniter and of its governing mechanism, as shown in Figures 5, 6 and 7.
As there represented the shaft of the motor has secured thereto an arm G, to the
ends of which are pivoted the weighted governor arms G₁, said arms being held
normally toward the centre of rotation by a suitable spring g'. Links g² connect
the arms G with a governor disk G2 which is mounted loosely on the motor shaft,
it being obvious that the governor disk will rotate with the motor shaft, but that
its relative position thereon will be changed circumferentially by the action of
the governor arms G₁, so that as the speed of the motor increases the cam g³ on
the governor disk will pass a given point a little earlier in its revolution with the
shaft. Adjacent to the shaft and in the plane of the governor disk is pivoted
an actuator G' having a projection to bear upon the periphery of the governor
disk, the actuator being held toward the disk by a suitable spring G. One side of
the electric igniting circuit is connected to an adjustable contact screw G carried
by the actuator G, while the other side of the same circuit is connected to a spring
blade or vibrator G7. A lip g, adjustable on the actuator G4, is arranged to engage
the end of the vibrator G and to keep the same in a state of constant vibration.
The end of the screw G6 is so adjusted as to make its contact point encroach slightly
upon the zone of vibration of the vibrator G7 when the arm or actuator G is at
the limit of its outward throw, the point of the screw being retained there for a
brief period of time, dependent upon the speed of the engine and the length of
the cain, g, so that the electrical contact between the vibrator and the end of the
screw is made and broken several times. The contact screw is not permitted
to encroach upon the zone of vibration of the vibrator sufficiently to stop or deaden
the vibrations of the vibrator. It will be understood, of course, that the adjusting
screw G is insulated from the actuator. The electrical connections may be
arranged as desired, but it is preferable to include the contacts just referred to in
circuit with the battery and the primary winding of an induction coil G8, the
secondary winding of said coil being connected with the electrodes or sparking
device indicated at G9.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to
me by my foreign correspondent, I declare that what I claim is:--
1. An explosion engine having a jacket enclosing a portion of the cylinder
with two openings only, and closed piping connecting said openings, substantially
as shown and described.
2. An explosion engine having a cooling jacket enclosing a portion of the

page_text: cylinder with two openings only, and closed piping connecting said openings,
said piping including a cooling coil, substantially as shown and described.
3. An explosion engine having a hermetically closed cooling head comprising
a closed jacket about the cylinder and a closed pipe connecting a relatively high
part of the jacket with a relatively low part thereof, said pipe having a coil or
tortuous portion connected with the relatively low part of the jacket and a direct
passage from the relatively high part of the jacket to the coil, substantially as
shown and described.
4. An explosion engine, having a hermetically closed cooling head comprising
a closed jacket about the cylinder and a closed pipe connecting a relatively high
part of the jacket with a relatively low part thereof, said pipe having a sub-
stantially vertical coil or tortuous portion connected with the relatively low
portion of the jacket and a direct passage from the relatively high part of the
jacket to the top of the coil, substantially as shown and described.
5. An electrical igniter governor for an explosion engine comprising a cam disk
mounted loosely on a rotating shaft and connected therewith by governor arms, a
contact making device operated by said cam disk, and suitable electrical connec-
tions to the electrodes, substantially as shown and described.
6. An electrical igniter governor for an explosion engine comprising a cam disk
mounted loosely on a rotating shaft, governor arms connected to said shaft, links
connecting said arms with said disk, a contact making device operated by said cam
disk, and suitable electrical connections to the electrodes, substantially as shown
and described.
7. An electrical igniter for an explosion engine comprising a vibrating blade,
means to maintain said blade in a state of vibration, a contact, means to move said
contact against said vibrating blade at determined intervals, and suitable electrical
connections from said vibrating blade and said contact to the electrodes, sub-
stantially as shown and described.
8. An electrical igniter for an explosion engine comprising a vibrating blade,
means to maintain said blade in a state of vibration, an arm having a contact point.
a cam operated by the engine to move said arm into contact with said vibrating
blade, and suitable electric connections from said vibrating blade and said, contact
point to the electrodes, substantially as shown and described.
9. An electrical igniter for an explosion engine comprising a vibrating blade,
an arm having a contact point and lip to engage said blade, a cam operated by the
engine to move said arm into contact with said blade and to maintain the same in
a state of vibration, and suitable electrical connections from said vibrating blade
and said contact to the electrodes, substantially as shown and described.
Dated the 30th day of March 1899