Improvements in Wickless Oil Lamps, and in the Method of Operating them.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 6th Oct., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 26th June, 1891-Accepted, 1st Aug., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Wickless Oil Lamps, and in the Method of
Operating them.
I, ALFRED SHEDLOCK, a Citizen of the United States, of Temple Court;
No. 5 Beekman Street, New York City, New York, U.S.A., Mechanical Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of my invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WICKLESS
O LAMPS AND IN THE METHOD OF OPERATING THEM," to be as follows:-
My invention relates to that class of lamps in which oil is burned without the
intervention of wicks. The lamps are designed to burn all kinds of oil that are
suitable for lighting or heating purposes. If the oil be rich in volatile parts, I
generate from it by the action of the heat of the flame of the lamp a vapor which
serves to spray the oil at the burner and also to force the oil under pressure to the
burner. If the oil be such as to be entirely vaporized by the heat of the lamp,
then the lamp burns as a vapor burner. If the oil be so heavy, or so devoid of
volatile parts that sufficient vapor is not created by the heat of the flame, then the
oil is sprayed by the apparatus and burns as a spray lamp on the "Lucigen
principle.
"
My invention, therefore, comprehends an organization of apparatus for carrying
out the above mentioned operations, and also the method of operation consisting
in developing a vapor from the oil supplied to the lamp and using that vapor for
two purposes: first, to spray the oil discharged from the burner of the lamp, and
second, to force the unvaporized portions of the oil to the burner under pressure,
either or both of which operations may be present in my improved lamp.
A suitable organization of apparatus for carrying out my invention is as
follows:-
An oil receiver or tank is provided which may constitute the base of the lamp.
Within it may be arranged an air receiver open at the top of the closed tank. On
the top of the tank and over, and in communication with, the air receiver, I
prefer to place the air compressor by means of which compressed air under suitable
pressure is provided for starting the lamp and for insuring its continued operation
when an oil lacking sufficient volatile portions is employed. The air receiver is in
communication with the interior of the oil tank at its top and in the communicating
passage is a suitable pressure reducer of any ordinary construction. A suitable
uniform pressure may, therefore, be maintained upon the top of the oil in the
tank. An oil pipe, extending from near the bottom of the tank, passes upwardly
through its top while an air pipe, communicating with the top of the tank, extends
in the same direction. In each of these pipes is placed a suitable valve for
controlling the flow and supply of oil and compressed air. At their upper or outer
end, the two pipes are connected by means of union joints with the interior of an
annular chamber which forms the vapor generator. The oil and air pipes may be
formed in any desired number of sections as may be found most convenient, and
one section, preferably that connected to the vapor generator-may be arranged
at an angle to the other parts so that the generator may be supported by laterally
projecting arms. This construction affords also a convenient means of locating the
valves in the pipes. as the spindles in the valves may project from the ends of the
upper pipe sections which may be joined to the other pipe sections by Y-joints.
This construction is, however, quite optional and is merely recited as a simple,
convenient and practical one.
The passage way formed by the bore of the vapor generator constitutes a
combustion chamber for the spray that is thrown from the nozzle of the burner
proper, located below and concentrically with reference to said passage way.
The

page_text: burner proper may consist, as is usual in Lucigen burners, of two concentric
nozzles arranged one above the other, the air or vapor being admitted to one and
the oil to the other. Or both the air or vapor and the oil may be admitted to the
same discharge passage or nozzle. 'I prefer, however, to use the ordinary plan of
concentric nozzles. A pipe opening into the upper part of the vapor generator
chamber communicates with the passage way or nozzle for the vapor or compressed
air, while a well or depression in the bottom of the generator communicates with
the oil nozzle. For the purpose of clearing out the oil and air or vapor nozzle, or
the common passage way or nozzle through which they are both discharged I
employ an endwise moving pin or rod, which, by manipulation may be reciprocated
to thoroughly clear the nozzle or passage way from any deposit or clogging
matter.
Around the vapor generator and burner proper, I prefer to place an enclosing
casing which may be provided with regulated air inlet. Between the nozzles or
burner and the combustion chamber I place an adjustable flame deflector to regulate
the heat applied to the combustion chamber. This regulator may consist of a
perforated plate or disk, capable of being adjusted toward or away from the
nozzle. When the plate is adjusted toward the nozzle, the entire jet of spray
passes through the opening therein and up into the combustion chamber. A
When the plate
relatively small degree of heat is then applied to that chamber.
is moved away from the burner and toward the combustion chamber, a portion of
the column or jet of spray is intercepted by the plate at the edges of the hole or
perforation therein. This intercepted spray is burned within the casings, under
and around the vapor generator chamber which is consequently more highly heated.
The degree of heat applied to the chamber may, therefore, be regulated at
pleasure. If a heavy oil is being burned, compressed air may be relied upon
entirely for spraying the oil and forcing it to the burner, and in that event the
adjustable flame deflector could be so placed as not to intercept any of the spray.
When a lamp is working in this manner, oil is forced from the tank by the pressure
of the air upon the surface of the oil up into the vapor generator chamber, and
descending to the bottom thereof, is forced by the compressed air, which is also
admitted to the vapor generator chamber, to the nozzle of the burner, where the
compressed air from the pipe leading from the top of the vapor generator chamber
is also discharged. The jet of sprayed oil and compressed air being lighted throws
its flame through and beyond the combustion chamber, affording a brilliant
illumination.
Where an oil, rich in volatile portions, is being burned, the lamp is started by
the use of compressed air, and when the vapor generator chamber is heated by the
flame of the lamp to such a degree as to generate from the oil in such chamber
sufficient vapor under pressure to run the lamp, the supply of compressed air is
ent off from the vapor generator chamber, though the compressed air in the oil
When the
tank still serves to force the oil up into the vapor generator chamber.
lamp is thus operating, the vapor in the chamber exerts a pressure upon the
unvaporized parts of the oil in the bottom of the chamber thus forcing the oil to
the burner, and at the same time, the vapor is conducted to and discharged at the
burner, thus spraying the oil.
In the air pipe leading from the compressed air receiver to the vapor generator
chamber, I may place an automatic valve operating in the following manner:
When the lamp is being run upon the vapor generated from the oil, as last
described, if the pressure of the vapor in the generator chamber for any reason
falls too low, the automatic valve operates to admit compressed air, thus insuring the
proper, continued operation of the lamp.
When the pressure of vapor within the chamber rises to the required degree, the
automatic valve operates to cut off the supply of compressed air and the lamp is
then, as before, operated by the vapor.
This automatic valve may be constructed in any suitable manner. A convenient
form which I prefer to use, is to support a conical valve seat, against which the

page_text: end of the valve spindle works, upon an expansible diaphragm which is influenced
by variations of pressure upon its sides, a decrease of pressure upon the vapor side
permitting it to expand away from the valve spindle and allow the compressed air
to pass.
The vapor generator, and the burner which is mounted upon and moves with it,
may be turned laterally upon the union joints that connect it with the air and oil
pipes so as to throw the flame horizontally.
13
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IL SA
ALFRED SHEDLOCK.
Haseltine, Lake & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Wickless Oil Lamps, and in the Method of
Operating them.
I, ALFRED SHEDLOCK, Mechanical Engineer, a Citizen of the United States, of
5 Beekman Street, in New York City, County of New York, and State of New
York, U.S.A., do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :—
My invention more especially relates to a lamp adapted to burn hydro-carbon
oils of variable density, in which the oil supplied to the burner is subjected
to the direct action of the flame of the lamp, whereby some of the lighter con-
stituents of the oil are vaporized, which vapor is discharged under its own pressure
at the burner, to spray the oil at the moment of its ignition.
The objects of my invention are to secure a compact, simple, and efficient wickless
oil-burning. lamp, adapted to consume the heavier constituents of the oil, as well as
the lighter ones; which ends I attain by certain novel constructions, combinations,
and organizations of instrumentalities hereinafter specified.
Unless otherwise specified, the apparatus is of usual construction.
In the accompanying drawings, which show a convenient arrangement of
apparatus embodying my improvements in the best way now known to me-
Fig. 1 is a perspective view thereof, and Fig. 2, a view, partly in elevation and
partly in vertical section ;
Fig. 3 represents a vertical section through the generator and burner and
appurtenant parts, on the line 3--3 of Fig. 4, and on an enlarged scale;
Fig. 4, a horizontal section, on the line 4--4 of Fig. 3;
Fig. 5, an enlarged detailed sectional view and plan of the burner-nozzle or
spraying-device;
Fig. 6, a longitudinal, central section through the air-supply pipe and its
automatic valve-governor ;
Figs. 7 and 8 show sections, similar to Fig. 5, of modified forms of spraying-
devices.
The apparatus consists mainly of two portions, the feeding and the heating
apparatus. The former is shown as consisting of an oil-tank A, constituting the
base of the apparatus, preferably cylindrical in form, and provided with a central,
cylindrical, air-receiving chamber is, the upper portion of which protrudes through
the cover of the tank, and screws into a flanged base-plate C, firmly secured upon
the tank by bolts c, passing through flanges on the plate. Air-compressing
apparatus is shown as mounted upon this base-plate.
A compression-chamber Q', is shown as made integral with the base-plate and
with a tubular piston R, constituting an extension of this chamber; the outer head
of this piston is closed by a check-valve r; a cup-shaped cylinder Q, reciprocates
over the piston R, its closed end being provided with an air-inlet valve s. Longi-

page_text: A
tudinally-slotted arms s', on the cylinder Q, work over guide-lugs s², projecting
from the sides of the piston or compressing-chamber. The cylinder is recipro-
cated by links T, pivoted at one end on each side of the compression-chamber, near
the base-plate, and at the other connected with the shorter arms of elbow-levers T',
rocking on pivots t, on lugs on the cylinder. The outward movement of the free
ends of the elbow-levers forces the links T inwardly into line with their pivots, thus
moving the cylinder inward upon the piston and compressing the air therein.
continuance of the outward movement of the levers, or a reversal of their former
movement retracts the cylinder and permits air to enter therein, which is forced
through the check-valve at the next stroke, and so on. A pipe Q2, connects the
compressing-chamber Q', with the top of the tank A, and is provided with a
pressure-controlling valve q. An oil-pipe O, O', extends upwards from near the
bottom of the tank A, a suitable distance, and supports one side of the burner X.
A similar air-pipe P, P, connects the top of the tank with the opposite side of the
burner. The upper portions of the pipes O and P are shown as bent at an angle,
and as provided with couplings, and valves o, p, therein.
The burner consists of an annular chamber, retort, or vapor-generator D, having
a longitudinal, central opening therethrough, which constitutes in part, the com
bustion-chamber of the lamp. The pipes O, I', communicate with this annular
chamber through projecting pipes d, and union-joints d'. A pipe-extension or
well D', depends from one side of the chamber D, and through a band, sleeve, or
coupling D, is secured upon a hub E, this construction being adopted to avoid a
multiplicity of joints, which are objectionable as tending to leak at this point, owing
to the frequent and rapid expansions and contractions of the generator. The hub
and well D', are both tapered to fit snugly at their point of intersection, and
externally screw-threaded, one having a longer thread of a finer pitch than the
other. The enveloping sleeve D2, is correspondingly threaded, so that when
screwed upon these parts, it forces them together and holds them securely. The
hub E is shown as formed on one side of a casting or bracket in which are formed
two ducts or passages from the wall to the central, vertical nozzle H. A pipe F,
extending from near the top of the annular chamber or generator D, down through
the well and hub E, connects with a passage F, leading to the nozzle to which it
serves to conduct vapor generated in the annular chamber or retort D. A smaller
duct or passage G, in this hub, connects the bottom of the well with the nozzle, and
serves to conduct oil thereto. A cock e, in line with the vertical portion of this
passage, affords means of cleaning it out in case of obstruction.
As will be seen, the organization is such that the oil-nozzle lies concentrically
beneath the combustion-chamber formed by the central opening through the
generator D. A rod I, carrying on its inner end a needle-valve i, moves endwise
through a packed joint on the end of an extension or lug H2, of the bracket or
casting the upper portion of the part H2, is contracted to form the oil-nozzle H'.
The oil-duct G, enters the passage in which the needle-valve works, at a point
below the nozzle, while the vapor-duct F, discharges into an annular chamber
surrounding the nozzle itself, above the oil-duct. The top of this chamber consists
of a cap K, screwing into a flange surrounding the nozzle H', which terminates
mmediately beneath, but concentrically with a similar nozzle ¹, formed in the
plate K. These parts last described make up the spraying-device. I may use
concentric nozzles, but other forms of spraying-devices may be employed, such, for
instance, as shown in Figures 7 and 8, which I prefer.
As a consequence of this organization, air or vapor is discharged concentrically
around the oil emerging from the nozzle H, and thoroughly mingled therewith, the
mingled oil and air or vapor being discharged in the form of spray through the
nozzle. The casting containing these ducts and nozzles has a circular base H3.
The rod 1, of the needle-valve is pin-jointed to a lever I', pivoted to a swinging-link
depending from the under side of the casting H³.
By this means the rod 1 may be adjusted or reciprocated longitudinally in its
channel and in the nozzles H' and k¹. The inner end i, of this rod, is pointel, while

page_text: its sides are flattened to form ducts or passage-ways, for the passage of the oil.
Fig. 5 shows this rod or needle-valve as triangular in cross-section. The point of
the rod is so shaped as not only to pass through the nozzle H', but into the inner
nozzle k', thus regulating the flow of oil, air, or vapor through both nozzles. The
outer end of the rod is circular, and of a diameter that corresponds with the
discharge-opening of the above-mentioned nozzle, and the lower portion of the needle
is provided with a button or enlargement corresponding with the bore of the passage
in which it works, by which means the needle-valve not only works accurately, but
may be used to clear the openings of any obstructing matter.
A cylindrical or upwardly-flaring shield or tunnel L, surrounding the nozzle and
extending nearly up to the bottom of the generator, may be used if preferred,
although not essential to the operation of the device. This tunnel is concentric
with the longitudinal, central opening in the generator, which constitutes a com-
bustion-chamber, and which is also shown as flaring outwardly to afford more room
for the expanding gates.
A circular casing or shell M, rests upon a flange H, of the base H³, fitting snugly
thereover, and being held in place by a suitable fastening, such as a turn-button m,
to admit of its ready removal or replacement. The upper edge of this casing fits
over the flange of the upper part of the generator. The base 13 is somewhat
smaller than the top of the generator, and the casing is correspondingly flared
outward to conform to the other parts. of the apparatus.
A series of apertures is
formed horizontally around the casing, both near its top and near its bottom.
Bands m², provided with a corresponding series of apertures m³, surround these
apertures, and turn axially on the casing to act as valves or dampers to regulate the
volume of air passing through the apertures.
A choking-plate N, corresponding in shape with the top of the combustion-
chamber, but of somewhat smaller diameter, and having a central opening n, is
mounted on a lever rocking on a pivot N', near the edge of the combustion-chamber.
A link N2, pin-jointed with this lever, extends within convenient reach of the
operator, and may be held in any desired position by means of a clamp-screw
mounted on one of the supporting-pipes--see Fig. 2.
A valve-chamber 1, in the air-pipe P', is shown in Fig. 6 as provided with a
transverse diaphragm p³, clamped at its edges between the sections of the valve-
chamber, and provided with a central opening having a valve-seat p², in which is
a needle-valve provided with a conical point p', reciprocates longitudinally. The
needle is provided with longitudinal channels p', for the passage of compressed air
at all times, while its valve-rod p, is connected with the usual hand-wheel.
The following is a description of the operation of the apparatus, and of my
improved method of burning oil: The tank A, is filled with oil nearly to its top,
leaving a space there for the compressed air. The air compressed by the pump in
the receiver passes through the reducing-valve, into the upper part of the tank and
acts on the surface of the oil. The valve o, of ordinary construction, being opened,
oil rises from the tank through the pipe O, and is discharged into the generator.
The valve p being also opened at the same time, air is forced through the pipe 1',
into the opposite side of the generator. Oil flows through the well D', and duct G,
out through the nozzle H, while, at the same time, air passes from the upper part
of the generator down through the pipe F, F, and nozzle A', where it is mingled
with the oil escaping from the nozzle H', and blows it into spray, which is then
ignited. This heats the generator, and vaporizes the lighter portion of the oil
therein, which vapor mixes with the air and passes down through the pipe and
nozzles. The generator soon becomes so hot that, if the oil has a sufficient portion
of the lighter constituents, they will vaporize so rapidly as to generate the necessary
pressure to spray the oil at the discharge-nozzles, in which case the air-supply may
be cut off, and the apparatus worked with the vapor and oil alone. The flame
rushes up through the combustion-chamber, and is discharged through the annular
opening between the top of the combustion-chamber and the choking-plate N, and

page_text: through the central opening », in said plate. When in its lowest position, this
plate rests in the attitude shown by the full lines in Fig. 3, where it serves to
prevent the escape of the flame, and thus heat the generator to a greater degree.
When the apparatus is in full operation, this plate may be raised out of the way,
as shown in dotted lines in this figure, in which case the flame will rush out in the
form of a torch, and give a very brilliant light. With very light oils, the vapor
will be generated with sufficient rapidity not to require the use of a choking-plate
in starting the apparatus.
It is of course essential to the operation of the apparatus, that the oil in the tank
should be under sufficient pressure to force it into the generator in proper quantity.
It is also essential that there should be at all times a sufficient pressure of air or
vapor in the generator to force air or vapor and oil through the nozzles to the
burner. Ordinarily, as before remarked, vapor will be generated in sufficient
quantities for this purpose. I provide, however, for a deficiency of pressure at this
point in the following manner: After starting the burner, the air-supply is cut off
by closing the valve as above described. As long as the pressure of the vapor in
the generator is sufficient to spray the oil, the back pressure on the diaphragm p³,
is sufficient to keep it pressed against the needle-valve p², and prevent the passage
of air to the generator. When, however, the pressure in the generator becomes
insufficient properly to spray the oil, the diaphragm yields sufficiently to open
the valve and allow compressed air to rush into the generator and spray the oil..
The initial heating of the generator may be accelerated by the ignition of oil or
alcohol poured into the base H³, of the burner, as usual.
Figs. 7 and 8 show modifications of the apparatus, in which one of the nozzles is
dispensed with. Fig. 7 shows the bore of the nozzle H, elongated and provided
with an annular enlargement or chamber e, around the three-sided portion of the
valve-rod I, the oil being introduced into the chamber in which the valve works
below the chamber r. This organization permits both air and oil to pass up along
the flat sides of the rod, which need not be pointed; the rod is adapted both to
move longitudinally and turn axially to clear the nozzle and chambers of any
obstruction.
Fig. 8 shows the upper part of the valve-rod as rounded, and of less diameter
than the bore of the nozzle. The air-duct F opens against the round portion of the
rod, while the portion between this duct and the oil-duct is flattened so as to allow
oil to pass lengthwise of the rod, to mingle with the vapor, as before.
I am thus, by my improvements, enabled at all time to secure the feeding of the
oil to the burner in properly regulated quantities, to spray it thoroughly, and to mix
it intimately with the proper quantity of air or vapor to ensure effective combustion,
and automatically to compensate any deficiency of pressure in the generating-
chamber by compressed air, and am thus able advantageously to use oils of different
grades. With very light refined oils, vapor is generated quickly and readily in
abundant quantity, and the oil may be of such a character that, when supplied to
the vapor generator in proper quantity, all of it will be vaporized, and in that event
the apparatus operates as a vapor-lamp.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is―
1. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of an oil-tank; an
air-receiver therein; a base-plate connecting the top of the tank with the top of the
receiver; an air-compressing pump carried by the base-plate; a pipe connecting
the pump and tank; a pressure-controlling valve in this pipe; an oil-pipe
terminating near the bottom of the tank, and an air-pipe terminating near its top.
2. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of an oil-tank; an
air-receiver therein; an air-compressing pump mounted upon and opening directly
into the receiver; a pipe directly connecting the pump and tank; a pressure-

page_text: controlling valve in said pipe; a burner; an oil-pipe connecting the burner and
tank, and a separate air-pipe also connecting the burner and tank.
3. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of an oil-tank; an
air-receiver; a pipe connecting the receiver and tank; an oil-pipe projecting from
the tink; a separate air-pipe likewise projecting therefrom; a burner; its
combustion-chamber; pipes connecting the burner with the air and oil pipes, and
independent regulating-valves in the air and oil pipes.
4. The combination, substantially as herein before set forth, of an annular generator
having an unobstructed, longitudinal, central opening, constituting a combustion-
chamber a spraying-device; separate oil and vapor ducts connecting the generator
and spraying-device; and a cover or choking-plate hinged to one side of the
generator, so as to close the mouth of the combustion-chamber, or swing entirely
clear of it, as desired.
5. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of an annular generator
enclosing a combustion-chamber; a spraying-device; an air or vapor duct connect-
ing the top of the generator with the spraying-device, and an oil-duct connecting
the bottom of the generator with the spraying-device.
6. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of an annular generator
enclosing a combustion-chamber; a spraying-device; an air or vapor duct connect-
ing the top of the generator with the spraying-device; an oil-duct connecting the
bottom of the generator with the spraying-device; a valve controlling both ducts;
a base-plate, and a casing connecting the base-plate and generator.
7. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of an annular generator
enclosing a combustion-chamber; a spraying-device; separate oil and vapor ducts
connecting the generator and spraying-device; a single valve controlling both ducts,
and a tunnel interposed between the spraying-device and generator, to conduct the
flame to the combustion-chamber.
8. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of an annular generator
having a combustion-chamber; a spraying-device; separate oil and vapor ducts
connecting the generator and spraying-device; a casing enclosing the generator and
spraying-device, and having air-openings therein, and valves or damp rs regulating
said openings, to control the air-supply admitted to the combustion-chamber.
9. The combination, substantially as herein before set forth, of an annular generator;
a spraying-device; oil and vapor ducts connecting the generator and spraying-
device; a flange or cup-shaped base-plate, and a casing connecting the base-plate
and generator, whereby the former can be used as an ignition-chamber to heat the
spraying-device, the ducts and the generator.
10. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of an oil-tank a
generator; a spraying-device; an air or vapor duct connecting the generator and
spraying-device; an oil-duct connecting the generator and spraying-device, and a
pipe or duct connecting the oil-tank and generator.
11. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of an oil-tank; the
generator; an oil-pipe connecting the lower part of the tank with the generator;
an air-pipe connecting the upper part of the tank with the generator; a spraying-
device; an air or vapor duct connecting the generator and spraying-device, and an
oil-duct connecting the generator and spraying-device.
12. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a generator; a
spraying-device in proximity thereto, whereby the generator is heated by the flame
from the spraying-device; an air or vapor duct connecting the generator and
spraying-device, and an oil-duct connecting the generator and spraying-device.
13. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a vapor-generator;
an oil-inlet pipe an air-inlet pipe; a yielding diaphragm in the air-inlet pipe having a
valve-seat and an air-valve co-operating therewith, whereby the valve is automatically
opened or closed by variations of pressure in the air-pipe; a spraying-device,
and an air or vapor duct and an oil-duct leading from the generator to the
spraying-device.

page_text: 14. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a generator; its
air-inlet pipe a yielding diaphragm therein having a valve-seat and a valve
adjustable relatively to said seat, whereby it may be controlled either automatically
or by hand; an oil-inlet to the generator; a spraying-device, and air or vapor and
oil ducts leading from the generator to the spraying-device.
15. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a generator; a
spraying-device connected therewith; means for supplying oil to the generator and
spraying-device; a compressed-air pipe leading to the generator, and an automatic
regulating-valve in the air-pipe which admits air to the generator when the vapor-
pressure therein fails.
16. The combination, substantially as herein before set forth, of a generator; its
oil-inlet; its air-inlet; an automatic regulating-valve in the air-inlet a spraying-
device; an air or vapor duct connecting the generator and spraying-device, and an
oil-duct connecting the generator and spraying-device, whereby the air-valve admits
air to force the oil to the spraying-device when the vapor-pressure fails.
17. The combination, substantially as herein before set forth, of an annular
generator; its pendant leg or oil-well; a bracket; a spraying-device therein; a cone-
shaped hub thereon, fitting into the oil-well; oil and air ducts passing through the
well and bracket, and a screw-coupling uniting the well and hub to make a close
joint, while permitting of ready removal or replacement of the parts.
18. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a bracket or
base-plate; oil and vapor ducts therein; a valve-chamber connected therewith; a
spraying-device connected with this chamber, and a needle-valve moving transversely
across the ducts and controlling both of them.
19. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a burner-nozzle
having an internal annular enlargement of its bore; oil and vapor inlets connected
therewith, and a rod or needle-valve in said bore, around and along which the oil
and air pass to the discharge orifice of the nozzle.
20. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a nozzle; its air
and oil inlets; a rod or needle-valve having its sides flattened or cut away near its
upper end and its lower portion of a diameter to fit the bore of the nozzle, and
means both for rotating and moving the rod endwise.
21. The hereinbefore described wickless oil-lamp, consisting of the combination,
substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of an oil-tank; an air-compressor; a pipe
connecting the tank and compressor; a generator; an air-pipe connected therewith;
an automatic inlet-valve in the air-pipe; an oil-pipe connecting the tank and
generator a spraying-device; air or vapor and oil pipes connecting the spraying-
device and generator, and a valve controlling both pipes.
22. The method of burning oil in a spray, which consists in heating the oil
supplied to the burner by the direct action of the flame of the lamp, thereby
vaporizing some of the lighter portions of the oil, conveying the remainder or
unvaporized portions of said oil to and discharging it at the burner, and discharging
the vapor at the burner to spray the oil and burn therewith.
23. The method of burning oil in a spray, which consists in heating the oil
supplied to the burner by the direct action of the flame of the lamp, thereby
vaporizing some of the lighter portions of the oil, forcing the remainder or
unvaporized portions of said oil to the burner and discharging it in a jet by the
pressure of such oil-vapor acting upon the surface of the oil, and discharging the
vapor at the burner to spray the oil and burn therewith, the whole operation being
substantially as hereinbefore set forth.
24. The method of burning oil in a spray, which consists in supplying oil and
compressed air to the burner, the air serving to force the oil under pressure to and
out of the burner, and also to spray the oil as described, heating the oil supplied to
the burner by the direct action of the flame of the lamp, and thereby vaporizing
some of the lighter portions of the oil, oil-vapor under pressure being then produced
in the vapor-generator, then cutting off the supply of compressed-air, forcing the

page_text: oil to the burner by the pressure of the oil-vapor acting upon its surface, and
discharging the oil-vapor at the burner to spray the oil and burn therewith, the
whole operation being substantially as hereinbefore described.
Dated this 26th day of June 1801
ALFRED SHEDLOCK.
Haseltine, Lake & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, Agents for the Applicant.