Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 19th Aug.. 1887
Complete Left, 19th May, 1888
Complete Accepted, 22nd June, 1888
I, GAVIN MORTON of Gowan Bank, Darvel, in the County of Ayr, Designer, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to looms for weaving fabrics such as are employed, when cut
into strips, as weft in the manufacture of chenille and Axminster carpets or other fur
pile fabrics, and my improvements have mainly for object the production simultaneously
in the breadth of the loom of a number of comparatively narrow widths which may
differ from each other in pattern whilst the selection of the different weft threads for
cach shot to form the patterns of the several widths is effected by the use of the same
cards or portions of the cards of the jacquard apparatus of the loom.
In carrying out the invention I employ a broad loom in which the several series of
warps for the several widths of fabric are arranged with free spaces intervening
between them, and in these spaces are situated upon one side the weft threads for
the adjacent width, the wefts extending from the selvedge at the fell through the reed
by which they are spaced to a bank of bobbins at the rear. The warp shed for the
whole series of widths is formed by long healds or heddles actuated from a tappet
shaft in the usual way, and on the opening of the shed one of each of the series of
wefts is drawn or pushed through the warps of the corresponding width of fabric by
means of a hooked wire or "catcher" the hooked wires for the several widths being
fixed upon a bar carried transversely of the warps in front of the lay and traversed
length-wise either directly, or through levers providing for adjustment, from a cam
groove on the side frame of the loom in which groove a stud or roller on the bar is
fitted, or by a cam and suitable links and levers.
The hook carrying bar rests horizontally either under or over the warps and clear
of them and the hooked wires which are secured thereto and are of sufficient length
to reach across the width of warps in which they operate are slightly inclined to
the bar from the point of attachment of each to the hook which forms the extremity.
On the backward movement of the lay the bar is traversed so that the hooked wires
pass into the open sheds to the opposite edge or selvedge of the width, there each
engage one of the wefts which has been selected and raised by the jacquard apparatus,
>

page_text: and on the forward movement of the lay return through the shed carrying the weft.
thread for each width in the form of a loop or double weft, the hooks or
catchers"
thus serving to replace the weft carrying shuttles of an ordinary loom. These hooked
wires when coming out of the shed pass either under or above the warp threads of
the next width so as to save space between the different widths. The weft is beat up
to the fell by the further forward movement of the lay, whilst the hooks are disengaged
from the wefts either by stationary projecting pins which by coming in contact with
the hooked wires throw the hooks out of the loops or by levers acted on by the lay.
To prevent undue strain upon the weft threads which would be occasioned by
drawing them directly from the bobbins in the form of loops or double threads
through the warps, the weft threads are carried through eyes in weights or lingoes
consisting by preference of wires hung upon a centre and arranged so that the pull
upon the weft threads lifts the lingoes and draws up the slack thread to such an
extent as to supply the weft shot, whilst a depressing bar having a slow motion
thereafter presses down the lingoes to draw the thread slowly off the bobbins and
provide sufficient slack thread for the subsequent weft shot. Fingers or catches
carried on a bar over the front beam and acted upon by a jointed arm on the lay are
provided to hold the several wefts for each width in a bunch at the selvedge so as to
keep the selected weft from drawing in the selvedge and these fingers are lifted on
the forward movement of the lay to free the weft of the preceding shot and come in
in front of it when the lay is at the fell so that all the weft threads may be caught by
the fingers and thus made ready for the next shot.
The selection of the weft threads for each shot is effected by a jacquard machine
operated from the tappet shaft of the loom in the usual way and acting through a
series of secondary jacquards or other pattern mechanism of which one is provided for
each width woven in the loom. The primary jacquard apparatus is of the ordinary
form excepting that the card barrel instead of being turned to bring a fresh card
against the needles at each action has imparted to it by means of a stepped disc
operated by a ratchet and pawl or by other means an intermittent vertical or horizontal
movement to bring opposite the needles at cach action a fresh row or rows of the
holes cut in a single card. After each row of holes is brought in succession into the
acting position the barrel has reached the end of its traverse and is turned by the usual
catch bar in the ordinary way to bring a fresh card in front of the barrel.
The needles of the jacquard which come opposite to and enter the holes in the cards
bring the upstanders or lifting hooks which pass through the eyes of said needles into
the position in which they are held up by a catch bar when raised by the usual raising
bar, and the others drop upon the descent of the raising bar; and the latter are used
to act on the secondary jacquards or pattern mechanism which effects the selection of
the wefts for the weaving of each shot. For this purpose I employ in one arrange-
ment droppers or pattern pieces carried vertically in a narrow box and suspended from
the upstanders of the primary jacquard apparatus the said droppers on falling into
position in the box being interposed in the path of needles which enter a slot or holes
drilled in the side of the box and have eyes in which aro upstanders acted on by a
raising bar or knife. Such of the droppers as are let down at each action of the
primary jacquard apparatus are pressed to the end of the box by a pusher bar provided
for each box and acted upon by springs or equivalent means tho said pusher having in
it a notch or recess whereinto a single one at a time of the secondary jacquard needles
may enter, the dropper or droppers on one side and the pusher on the other serving
to keep back the rest of the needles of which there are as many as there are wefts
provided for each width of fabric to be woven. The upstander passing through the
eye of that needle which enters the notch of the pusher is raised on the upward
movement of the knife bar of the secondary jacquard, and by its upward movement it
draws up one of the weft threads, the several weft threads being passed through mails
attached each to a soparate one of the upstanders. The thread so selected and raised
by the action of each secondary jacquard is drawn through the warp of the corre
sponding width of fabric by the hooked wires before referred to and constitutes the
weft shot. To provide for the selection of any one of the wefts in each series without

page_text: using a separate dropper for each, the several droppers are made of different widths
the second for example being double the width of the first, the third double that of
the second and so on so that by suitable selection of one, two or more of the droppers
which are interposed between the pusher and the end of the box the notch or recess
in the pusher may be brought opposite any one of the needles of the pattern mechanism.
A like result may be obtained by the use of various modifications of pattern mechanism
acted on by the primary jacquard apparatus. For example a plate having in it
perforations corresponding in number to the number of needles and formed in an
inclined or oblique row may be substituted for the droppers, and in this case the plate
is by the action of the primary jacquard apparatus raised to a greater or less extent to
bring any one of the perforations into line with one of the needles which then passes
through the plate whilst the other needles bear against it. The variation in the extent
of movement of the plate may be effected by arranging the upstanders of the primary
jacquard in an inclined row or by stepping or sloping the raising bar or knife whilst
fitting the upstanders all in the same horizontal plane so that the raising bar lifts one
upstander to the full extent of the traverse and the others in succession each to a less
extent than that adjoining it. The motion of the lifter or knife bar acting on the
hooks or upstanders of the pattern mechanism is derived through suitable rods and
levers from any of the moving shafts of the loom the several lifters being preferably
carried by a frame to which vertical reciprocating movement is imparted; and the
movement at the proper intervals of the pusher bars to relieve the droppers and of
the other moving parts is obtained in like manner by suitable mechanical connections
of a well known kind. In another arrangement of the pattern mechanism a plate
having in it a series of holes at suitable distances apart is employed to carry the weft
threads and is acted on by the jacquard machine in the manner above mentioned in
order to bring any one of the weft threads into position to be caught by the hooked
wires.
By the employment of the series of secondary jacquards, which are acted on simul-
taneously by the primary jacquard machine and may each serve to select weft of
different colours at each shot in the weaving of the several widths, and by the use of
only a restricted portion of each card at each action of the primary jacquard, a great
saving is effected in the number of cards required for the production of a series of
different patterns under my invention as compared with that necessary in the ordinary
method of weaving chenille weft, whilst by cutting the cards for a single design as
many varying designs or patterns as there aro widths woven in the loom may be
produced, the weaving of narrow widths of various patterns having the advantage
that an overstock of any design need not be produced in weaving suitable lengths of
the fabrics.
Datad this Eighteenth day of August 1887
CRUIKSHANK & FAIRWEATHER,
62, Saint Vincent Street, Glasgow,
Agents.

page_text: I, GAVIN MORTON of Gowan Bank, Darvel in the County of Ayr, Designer with
Messieurs Alexr. Morton & Co. Manufacturers, Darvel, aforesaid do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This Invention relates to looms for weaving fabrics such are employed when cut 5
into strips as weft in the manufacture of chenille and Axminster carpets or other fur
pile fabrics; and my improvements have mainly for object the production simul-
taneously in the breadth of the loom of a number of comparatively narrow widths
which may differ from each other in pattern, whilst the selection of the different weft
threads for each shot to form the patterns of the several widths is effected by the use
of the same cards or portions of the cards of the jacquard apparatus of the loom.
In carrying out the Invention I employ, as represented in front elevation and
transverse vertical section respectively at figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying
drawings, a broad loom in which the several series of warps W for the several widths
of fabric are arranged with free spaces intervening between them, and in these spaces
are situated upon one side the weft threads w for the adjacent width, the wefts
extending from the selvedge of each piece at the fell through the reed R by which
they are spaced to a bank of bobbins B at the rear. The warp shed for the whole
series of widths is formed by long healds or heddles A actuated from a cam or tappet
shaft C and cams or tappets c acting through levers c¹ in the usual way, and on the
opening of the shed one of each of the series of wefts w is drawn (or pushed) through
the warps W of the corresponding width of fabric by means of a hooked wire or
"catcher" d the hooked wires for the several widths being fixed upon a bar D carried
transversely of the warps in front of the lay E and traversed lengthwise either directly
or through levers providing for adjustment, or as shown in the drawings by means of
a rack on the bar D engaging a toothed wheel.d which is rotated alternately in either
direction by means of a chain pulley d² on its carrying spindle the said pulley having
passed round it a chain d³ the ends of which are attached to levers & connected to
lever arms acted on by cams d on a tappet shaft G.
The hook carrying bar D rests horizontally under (or over) the warps W and clear
of them and the hooked wires d which are secured thereto and are of sufficient length
to reach across the width of warps in which they operate are slightly inclined to the
bar from the point of attachment of each to the hook which forms the extremity.
This formation of the catcher d is illustrated in figure 3. On the backward movement
of the lay E the bar D is traversed so that the hooked wires or catchers d pass into
the open shed to the opposite edges or selvedges of the widths there each engage one
of the wefts w which has been selected and raised by the jacquard apparatus as
hereinafter described, and on the forward movement of the lay return through the shed
carrying the weft thread w for each width in the form of a loop or double weft, the
hooks or "catchers "d thus serving to replace the weft carrying shuttles of an ordinary

page_text: loom. Figure 4 illustrates in plan one of the widths of fabric and shows the manner
in which the catchers d engage and draw through the wefts. The hooked wires d
when coming out of the shed pass either under or above the warp threads of the next
width so as to save space between the different widths and in the breadth of the loom.
The weft is beat up to the fell by the further forward movement of the lay E whilst
the hooks are disengaged from the wefts w by stationary projecting pins 9 which by
coming in contact with the hooked wires d throw the hooks out of the loops; or
levers acted on by the lay may be employed for this purpose.
carried on a bar over the front beam FI and acted upon by a jointed arm on the
Fingers or catches f
Jay E striking an arm on the bar F, are provided to hold the several wefts for each
width in a bunch at the selvedge so as to keep the selected weft from drawing in the
selvedge and these fingers fare lifted on the forward movement of the lay to free
the weft of the preceding shot and come in in front of it when the lay is at the fell so
that all the weft threads may be caught by the fingers and thus made ready for the
next shot.
To prevent undue strain upon the weft threads which would be occasioned by
drawing them directly from the bobbins B in the form of loops or double threads
through the warps W, the weft threads we are carried through eyes in weights or
lingoes consisting by preference of wires h hung upon a centre ² and arranged so
that the pull upon the weft threads lifts the lingoes and draws up the slack thread to
such an extent as to supply the weft shot, whilst a depressing bar having a slow
motion, but not shown in the drawings, may be employed to press down the lingoes
to draw the thread slowly off the bobbins and provide sufficient slack thread for the
subsequent weft shot.
The selection of the weft threads for each shot is effected by a jacquard machine or
equivalent pattern mechanism J, operated from the tappet shaft G of the loom by a
lever and link g in the usual way and acting through a series of secondary
jacquards, or other pattern mechanism, j, j, of which one is provided for each width
woven in the loom. The primary jacquard apparatus which is represented detached
to a larger scale in figure is of the ordinary form excepting that the card barrel 1,
instead of being turned to bring a fresh card against the needles 2, at each action has
imparted to it, an intermittent vertical (or it might be horizontal) movement to bring
opposite the needles at each action a fresh row or rows of the holes cut in a single
card. This movement is effected by means of a stepped disc 3 on a spindle 4 having
on it a retaining ratchet 5 and pawl 6, whilst a slotted link engaging the teeth of
the ratchet turns it to the extent of a tooth at a time upon the reciprocation of the
barrel 1, which reciprocation is effected by levers Q, Q, and a link Qoperated by a
crank or eccentric on the tappet shaft. After each row of holes is brought in
succession into the acting position the barrel 1, has reached the end of its vertical
traverse and is turned by the usual catch bar 6' in the ordinary way, to bring a
fresh card in front of the barrel.
The needles 2 of the jacquard J which come opposite to and enter the holes in
the cards bring the upstanders or lifting hooks ? which pass through the eyes 8
of said needles into the position in which they are held up by a catch bar 9 when
raised by the usual raising bar 10 and the other needles drop upon the descent of the
raising bar 10; and the latter are used to act on the secondary jacquards or pattern
mechanisms jj which effect the selection of the wefts w for the weaving of each shot.
For this purpose I employ in one arrangement as shown detailed in vertical and end
sections and plan at figures 6, 7 and 8, droppers or pattern pieces 11 carried vertically
In a narrow box 12 and suspended from the upstanders 7 of the primary jacquard
apparatus J the said droppers 11 on falling into position in the box being interposed
n the path of needles 13 which enter a slot or holes 14 drilled in the side of the
box 12 and have eyes 15 in which are upstanders 16 acted on by a raising bar or
snife k. Such of the droppers 11 as are let down at each action of the primary
acquard apparatus J are pressed to the end of the box 12 by a pusher bar P
provided for each box and acted upon by spring bars P¹ or equivalent means which
erve to push up those droppers, which are let down, towards the end of the box.

page_text: The pusher P may have in it a notch or recess whereinto a single one at a time of the
secondary jacquard needles 13 may enter, or as shown it may be formed with a projection p
which keeps one at a time of the said needles from entering the holes in the box, the
dropper or droppers on one side and the pusher on the other allowing the rest of the
needles to enter the holes drilled in the box. There are as many needles 13 in cach 5
jacquard as there are wefts provided for each width of fabric to be woven. The
upstander passing through the eye of that needle which is kept out by the projection p
on the pusher P is raised on the upward movement of the knife bark of the secondary
jacquard, and by its upward movement it draws up one of the weft threads the
several weft threads w being passed through mails attached each to a separate
one of the upstanders 16. The thread so selected and raised by the action of cach
secondary jacquard is drawn through the warp W of the corresponding width of
fabric by the hooked wire d and constitutes, the weft shot. To provide for the
selection of any one of the wefts in each series without using a separate dropper for
each, the several droppers 11 are made of different widths the second for example
being double the width of the first, the third double that of the second and so on so
that by suitable selection of one, two or more of the droppers which are interposed
between the pusher and the end of the box the notch or recess or the projection p
on the pusher P may be brought opposite any one of the needles 13 of the pattern
mechanism j. A like result may be attained by the use of various modifications of
pattern mechanism acted on by the primary jacquard apparatus. For example a
plate having in it perforations corresponding in number to the number of needles
and formed in an inclined or oblique row may be substituted for the droppers (11)
and in this case the plate is by the action of the primary jacquard apparatus raised
to a greater or less extent to bring any one of the perforations into line with one of
the needles (13) which then passes through the plate whilst the other needles bear
against it. The variation in the extent of movement of the plate may be effected by
arranging the upstanders (7) of the primary jacquard J in an inclined row or by
stepping or sloping the raising bar or knife (9) whilst fitting the upstanders (7) all in
the same horizontal plane so that the raising bar lifts one upstander to the full extent
of the traverse and the others in succession each to a less extent than that adjoining it.
In another arrangement of the pattern mechanism a plate having in it a series of holes
at suitable distances apart is employed to carry the weft threads into position to be
caught by the hooked wires.
The motion of the lifters or knife bars & acting on the hooks or upstanders of the
pattern mechanism is derived through levers I, 1, and connecting rods i from a
cam M on the tappet shaft G or from any of the moving shafts of the loom the several
lifters being preferably carried by a frame K to which the vertical reciprocating
movement is imparted by the said cam; and the movement at the proper intervals of
the pusher bars P to relieve the droppers, and of the other moving parts is obtained
in like manner by levers L, L', and a connecting rod from a cam N, on the same
shaft or by other suitable mechanical connections of a well known kind.
The needles 13 are normally pressed towards the droppers in the box 12 by springs
and they are drawn back for each act of selection of the wefts by cross bars on a
longitudinal movable framing K! suspended from the fixed frame, the said
framing K¹ being reciprocated at the proper intervals by a lever K² operated by a
cam K at the end of the tappet shaft G.
The lay may be operated by cranks in the ordinary way but in order that a pause
in its movement may occur whilst the warp shed is open and the catchers d are in
engagement with the weft it is by preference operated by a lever or levers 0 centred
at o and acted on by suitably shaped cams Q on the tappet shaft G.
By the employment of the series of secondary jacquards, which are acted on simul
taneously by the primary jacquard machine and may each serve to select weft o
different colours at each shot in the weaving of the several widths, and by the use o
only a restricted portion of each card at each action of the primary jacquard a grea
saving is effected in the number of cards required for the production of a series o
different patterns under my invention as compared with that necessary in the ordinar

page_text: method of weaving chenille weft, whilst by cutting the cards for a single design as
many varying designs or patterns as there are widths woven in the loom may be
produced, the weaving of narrow widths of various patterns having the advantage
that an overstock of any design need not be produced in weaving suitable lengths of
the fabrics. The raising or selection of the weft threads for the several widths may
however, though not so advantageously, be effected by the use of a single jacquard or
two or more jacquard machines without the intervention of secondary pattern
mechanism, the selected wefts being drawn or pushed through the warps of the corre-
sponding widths by means of the hooks or catchers in the manner herein before
described so that a number of widths of dissimilar patterns may be simultaneously
woven.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is
1. The general arrangement and combination of parts constituting the improved
loom for weaving chenille weft or fur substantially as hereinbefore described with
reference to the annexed drawings.
2. In a loom for weaving chenille weft or fur the combination of a primary
jacquard or pattern mechanism and a series of secondary jacquards or pattern mechanisms
arranged to operate substantially as hereinbefore described.
3. In a loom for weaving chenille weft or fur and in conjunction with the described
arrangement of the warps and wefts and with weft selecting pattern mechanism, the
use of a series of hooks or catchers operated to draw or push the selected wefts
through the corresponding warps whereby a number of widths of dissimilar patterns
may be woven simultaneously in the loom.
4. In a loom for simultaneously weaving a number of widths of fabric a catcher
bar provided as described with a series of hooks or catchers adapted to enter the open
warp shed to seize selected wefts and to pass out under or over the warps of adjoining
widths so as to save space in the breadth of the loom.
5. In a weaving loom the arrangement herein before described of jacquard mechanism
whereby the rows of holes in the barrel are brought in succession opposite the needles
substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
6. In a loom for weaving chenille weft or fur the combination of parts constituting
secondary pattern mechanism substantially as hereinbefore described.
1000
Dated this
gmteenth day or may
CRUIKSHANK & FAIRWEATHER,
62, Saint Vincent Street, Glasgow,
Agents.