IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO THAT APPARATUS KNOWN AS 'GIFFARD'S INJECTOR,' AND IN THE METHOD OF AND MACHINERY OR TOOLS FOR MAKING THE SAME
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Gresham, of the City of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
OR APPLICABLE TO THAT APPARATUS KNOWN AS 'GIFFARD'S INJECTOR,' AND IN
THE METHOD OF AND MACHINERY OR TOOLS FOR MAKING THE SAME."
Sealed the 5th May 1868, and dated the 9th November 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Gresham at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th November
1867.
I, JAMES GRESHAM, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO THAT APPARATUS KNOWN AS 'GIFFARD'S INJECTOR,'
AND IN THE METHOD OF AND MACHINERY OR TOOLS FOR MAKING THE SAME," to be
as follows:-
Firstly. My improvements relate to a new combination and arrangement
of the parts of injectors by forming two screw threads upon the central spindle,
one of which threads screws through a fixed part or collar and the other into
a screw thread formed in the interior of the ram or part to which the steam
nozzle is attached, so that by turning the central spindle a double adjustment
is obtained, that is, the steam nozzle will be made to move in one direction to
shut or reduce the water space, and the cone spindle will be made to niove in
the opposite direction to open or increase the steam space or vice versa ; or

page_text: the screw threads upon the central spindle will act to cause both the steam
nozzle and cone spindle to move in the same direction to open and increase
the spaces for water and steam or diminish and shut these spaces, the screw
threads in this case being arranged so that the spindle will have greater end
movement than the steam nozzle. The two screws upon one spindle for the
double adjustment of the spindle and steam nozzle are applicable to those
injectors where the steam is admitted directly into the ram to which the
steam nozzle is attached, or to those in which the steam is first admitted
into a pipe in which the ram for the steam nozzle slides, packing being used
round the ram to prevent the passage of steam to the water space.
cone.
Secondly. My improvements relate to injectors which have a fixed steam
nozzle, and consists in applying a central spindle having two screw threads
upon it, one to adjust the cone spindle, the other to adjust the moving receiving
This is carried out by causing the central spindle to pass down into
the combining and receiving cones, and by forming one of the screw threads
in the interior of the receiving cone, or one screw thread is used on the
spindle and another on the exterior of the combining or receiving cone, the
central spindle being arranged to rotate these cones to effect the adjustments
required.
Thirdly. My improvements relate to injectors having a fixed steam nozzle,
and an adjustable cone spindle, and adjustable combining and receiving cones,
and consists in gearing the cone spindle by a pinion upon it with a broad
wheel upon a shaft or screw transmitting motion to the mechanism actuating
the combining and receiving cones. By my improvements under all the
beads above described both the spaces for water and for steam will be adjusted,
and one or both of the spaces. will be opened or shut, or opened and shut, by
turning one handle.
Fourthly. My improvements relate to a mode of conveying steam to the
moving external steam ram (carrying the steam nozzle) of an injector, and it
consists in making a short branch from the moving ram terminating in a
line with the axis of the ram, and this termination of the branch passes
into a steam pipe through a stuffing box which permits the movement of the
ram.
Fifthly. My improvements relate to a mode of casting injectors by which
the boring of the combining and receiving cones is dispensed with, and by
which a "hard chilled" surface is obtained, and consists in making, the "core
barrel" so that those parts of it intended to form the combining and receiving
cones are. made of metal; the two parts of the core barrel form a junction

page_text: where the combining and receiving cones unite, and they separate when the
casting is made.
Sixthly. My improvements relate to self-acting machines or tools for boring,
turning, surfacing, and screw cutting parts of injectors so that two or more
operations may be performed by the same machine at the same time. It is
formed by a double headstock having two hollow shafts both in the same
axial line, and both driven by the same set of speed pulleys. One headstock
will act to give motion to a boring bar or screw cutting bar, the other head-
stock will carry cutters for turning the exteriors of injectors. Upon the bed a
slide carriage is placed which is moved along the bed by a screw which is
driven from the headstock; upon the slide carriage a small headstock is
mounted for giving motion to a cutter for surfacing the flanges of branches
from the injector, and this headstock is driven from the double headstock by
a shaft having a key groove extending its entire length. If required a forcing
head is used at the end of the bed, and arrangements may be used for throwing
each operating part out of gear by self-acting means when required. The
article to be operated upon is clamped upon the slide carriage of the machine.
For boring out those parts of injectors in which the combining and receiving
cones have been cast a hollow plug is used which fits into the combining cone
so as to receive and steady the end of the boring or screw cutting bar. For
screw tapping a tool is used which has a plain surface that fits the interior of
the article to be operated upon, and at one end the tool has a cutting thread
and at the other end a plain thread of the same pitch, which screws into a bush
placed in the end of the article to be operated upon, so that when the cutter
is rotated it advances at the same time cutting a screw of the true pitch
required.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Gresham in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
9th May 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
GRESHAM, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Ninth day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirty-first year of 'Her

page_text: roign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said James Gresham, Her special license that I, the said James Gresham,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
James Gresham, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time, and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
OR APPLICABLE TO THAT APPARATUS KNOWN AS GIFFARD'S INJECTOR, AND IN THE
METHOD OF AND MACHINERY OR TOOLS FOR MAKING THE SAME," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said James Gresham, by an instrument in
writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Gresham, do hereby declaro
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement and accompanying Drawings (that is to say):-
Firstly. My improvements relate to a new combination and arrangement
of the parts of injectors by forming two screw threads upon the central spindle,
one of which threads screws through a fixed part or collar and the other into
a screw thread formed in the interior of the ram or part to which the steam
nozzle is attached, so that by turning the central spindle a double adjustment
is obtained, that is, by turning in one way the steam nozzle will be made to move
in one direction to shut or reduce the water space, and the cone spindle will
be made to move in the opposite direction to open or increase the steam space,
and vice versa by turning the other way; or (according to another arrange-
ment) the screw threads upon the central spindle will act to cause both the
steam nozzle and cone spindle to move in the same direction to open and
increase the spaces for water and steam or diminish and shut these spaces,
the screw threads in this case being arranged so that the spindle will have
greater end movement than the steam nozzle. The two screws upon one
spindle for the double adjustment of the spindle and steam nozzle are applicable
to those injectors where the steam is admitted directly into the ram to which
the steam nozzle is attached, also to those injectors in which the steam is first
admitted into a pipe in which the ram for the steam nozzle slides, packing

page_text: being used round the ram to prevent the passage of steam to the water space.
The two screws upon one spindle for the double adjustment of the steam and
water are also applicable according to my Invention where the steam nozzle
is fixed and the combining and receiving cones or nozzles are adjustable,
motion being conveyed from the external screw upon the spindle by outside.
rods to the combining and receiving cones. By my improvements above
described both the spaces for water and. for steam will be adjusted by turning
one handle..
My improvements under this head also relate to a mode of conveying steam.
to the moving external steam ram (carrying the steam nozzle) of an injector,
and it consists in making a short branch from the moving ram terminating in
a line with the axis of the ram, and this termination of the branch passes into
a steam pipe through a stuffing box which permits of the movement of the
ram. This part of my Invention also relates to the arrangement and con-
struction of injectors, which consists in dispensing with the central cone spindle
adjustment, and in making the sectional areas for steam and water where they
combine of an oval or oblong form (thus exposing more surface to the con-
densing action of the water), and in making the water space adjustable. This
part of my Invention also relates to the arrangement and construction of!
injectors without adjustment for either the water or steam spaces, or with a
simple adjustment for the water space where the combining and receiving
cones are formed solid with the body part of the injector, and the steam-
nozzle is formed by a pipe screwed in a flange and without a central cone.
spindle, this pipe being placed either in a line with the axis of the injector.
or passing in from one side, being curved to come into the axis of the
injector. When the pipe is in the line of the axis of the injector it is made.
to adjust the water space by passing through a screw hand wheel fitted in tho
flange.
The Figures upon Sheets 1 and some of those on Sheet 2 illustrate the
improvements above described.
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section and Fig. 2 is an outside end view of my
improved injector where the steam is admitted directly into the moving ram
which carries the steam nozzle, and where the ram and cone spindle are
moved in opposite directions.
Fig. 3 is an outside view and Fig. 4 an outside end view of another of my
improved injectors, the same as that shewn by Figs. 1 and 2, except that in
this case the improvements are added for conveying steam to the moving
ram.

page_text: Fig. 5 is a partial longitudinal section, and Fig. 6 a cross section at a, b,
Fig. 5, shewing an injector with two screws, the steam being admitted into a
part of the injector in which the ram slides.
Fig. 7 is a longitudinal section of an injector with two screws where the
ram and central spindle move in the same direction. Fig. 7 is a partial
cross section through the water chamber of the injector.
Fig. 8 represents a partial longitudinal section of an injector similar to that
shown by Fig. 5, except that it is arranged so that packing may be applied to
the steam ram without taking the injector to pieces.
Fig. 9 is a longitudinal section of an injector with fixed steam nozzle, the
water space being adjusted by moving the combining and receiving cones or
nozzles, and Figs. 10 and 11 show longitudinal sections of injectors. In
Fig. 10 the water space may be made adjustable or not; but in Fig. 11
neither the water nor steam space is adjustable.
In the injectors shewn in the Figures above described a is the body part of
the injector, in which the combining and receiving cones (a³ and a²) and the
branch (a) for the water pipe are formed; b is the central cone spindle,.
rotated by the handle (¹); c, the steam nozzle; d, the ram in which the steam
nozzle (c) is secured when it is adjustable; d¹ is the branch for the steam
pipe. In the injectors shewn by Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, an 7 the ram (d) to which
the steam nozzle (c) is secured moves in and out of the body part (a) of the
injector through a stuffing box (a'), and the cone spindle (6) passes through a
stuffing box (d) in the end of the ram (d). The cone spindle has two
screws formed upon it, one (62) of which fits a thread upon the interior of the
ram (d), and the other (6³) screws through a collar or plate (6) carried by
two pillars (6) from the body part of the injector, as shewn in their true
position by Figs. 2, 3, and 4, there being notches cut out of the flanges of the
ram (d) to slide upon the pillars (66) to prevent the ram from turning when
the screw is rotated. The interior screw (63) has spaces cut out of it to allow
the steam to pass, as shewn best in the cross section, Fig. 6. The steam
branch (d) in the injectors, shewn by Figs. 1, 2, and 7, is connected with
a flexible or jointed pipe which will allow of the required movement of the
ram for adjusting; but in the injector shown by Figs. 3 and 4 the steam
branch (d) enters through a stuffing box (d³) into an elbow pipe (d') carried
by the plate (6). In Figs. 5 and 8 the body part (a) of the injector is
extended and carries the steam branch (d) as well as the water branch (a³)
and the gland packing (d) and screw part (6) for the central spindle (b),
the ram (d) sliding entirely within the body part, being surrounded by packing

page_text: at (a), and prevented from revolving by the point of a screw which enters a
slot in the ram at d. The injector shewn by Fig. 8 has its ram packed
externally by gland packings (a), as shown, the upper and lower parts of the
injector being connected by the part (as), as shown. The direction of the two
screws (63 and 6) upon each spindle (6) in the injectors, shown by Figs. 1 to 8
inclusive, are both in the same direction, that is, both are either right or both left-
handed threads, but the interior screw (62) is of greater pitch than the exterior
screw (6), (the ratio being about 5. to 3, the interior screw being 5, and the
exterior screw 3,) except in the injector shown by Fig. 7, in which the exterior
screw is of greater pitch than the interior screw; the ratio is about the same,
but in this case the exterior screw is 5 and the interior screw is 3. In Figs.
1, 3, 5, and 8, when the handle (6¹) is turned one way the spindle (b) moves
outwards and the steam ram (d) inwards, so that the steam space is opened
or increased, and the water space is shut or decreased; but in the injector
represented by Fig. 7 both the spindle and ram move outwards when the
handle (6) is turned in one direction, but the central spindle (b) is more rapidly
withdrawn than the steam ram (d), thus both the steam and water spaces are
opened or increased at the same time. The steam nozzle (c) is fixed in the
injector shown by Fig. 9, and the combining and receiving cones or nozzles
(a and a³) are moveable, and the escape of fluid past the exterior of the cones
is prevented by packing glands (a), as shown, the upper and lower part of
the injector being connected by the piece (a'). There is an interior screw (63)
upon the spindle (b) for giving the movements to it, and an exterior screw (6³)
upon it which screws through a collar (64) that is connected by two rods (6*)
(shown out of position by dotted line) passing on the exterior of the injector
to a part secured to the combining and receiving cones (a¹ and a³). The two.
screws (6 and 6) are in the same direction, but the exterior (63) is of smaller
pitch than the interior screw (62), the ratio being about 3 to 1, the interior
being 3 and the exterior 1, so that by turning the handle (6¹) one way the
spindle (b) will be withdrawn (opening or increasing the steam space), and
the combining cone will be moved towards the steam nozzle, closing or
reducing the water space. In all the injectors represented, except Figs. 10
and 11, there is a valve surface (66) upon each spindle which fits against a
seating upon the steam nozzle, so that the steam can be perfectly shut off by
the central spindle. In Figs. 10 and 11 the combining and receiving nozzles
(al and a³), overflow (as), and water branch (a³) are all formed in one piece,
and the steam nozzle is formed by a pipe (c) secured in a flange (c); but
the pipe or nozzle (c) may be arranged to screw through a nut in a hand

page_text: wheel (c) arranged as shown in Fig. 10, so that the water space may be
adjusted.
Another improvement according to my Invention consists in forming the
end of the steam nozzle and that part of the combining cone opposite the end
of the steam nozzle of an oval or oblong cross section, as shown by Figs. 12,
18, or 14, both the steam, nozzle (c) and the combining cone (a') gradually
assuming the circular form towards their terminations, that is, the entrance to
the steam nozzle (c) begins circular and ends oval or oblong, and the
combining cone (a²) begins oval or oblong, and ends circular at the overflow
orifice (as). By this arrangement a thin layer and large surface of steam is
exposed to the condensing action of the water. When this form of section is
used either the cone spindle (6) is entirely dispensed with or that part of it is
removed which is below the valve (6º).
Secondly, my improvements relate to a mode of casting injectors, by which
not only the boring out of the cones or nozzles is dispensed with, but a hard
"chilled" surface is obtained to resist the wearing action of the jet, and my
improvements consist in making the "core barrel" so that those parts intended
to form the nozzles or cones are of metal (or metal coated with a layer of
moulders blacking or other suitable material), the two parts of the core
barrel for the combining and receiving cones being united in the middle and
separated when the casting is made. This part of my improvements is illus-
trated by Figs. 15, 16, and 17 (Sheet 3). Fig. 15 is a plan of the moulding
box (e), showing the upper box (e¹) removed and the core in its place;
Fig. 16 is a longitudinal section of the two boxes (e and e¹) when together
with the plate pattern (S) between them; Fig. 17 is a plan showing the core
barrel arranged for moulding moveable combining and receiving cones or
nozzles (a and q³). The box in Figs. 15 and 16 is arranged for plate
moulding, one half the pattern being placed on each side of the plate (f), as
shewn in Fig. 16. The axis of the nozzles or part to be moulded is made to
come opposite and agree with bosses (e) formed in the ends of the box which
are made half in the upper and half in the lower box, and these bosses are
bored out to fit the metallic core, This core is in two parts (9 and g¹) which
are inserted and held in the bosses (and secured by collars (³) upon the
outside ends of the bosses, as shewn in peculiar dotted line in Fig. 16), the
end of one part of the core entering into a hole in the end of the other. The
metallic core barrel is formed to receive and carry such parts of the core (9³)
as are to be made of sand. I prefer to use plate patterns in casting injectors
According to my improvements, but they may be dispensed with. Any other

page_text: method of holding the chill barrels may be adopted which will keep them in
their correct positions, for instance, they may be made as shown in Fig. 17,
and used as in ordinary moulding.
In casting injectors according to my improvements of alloys forming brass
a satisfactory result will be obtained by adding to 99 parts of gun metal about
one part of aluminum.
It will be seen that by my improved mode of casting injectors they may be
made with accurately formed passages or nozzles of either round, oval, or
oblong cross section, which latter forms cannot be rea lily made by any other
meth₁.d.
Thirdly, my improvements relate to self-acting and other tools for boring,
turning, surfacing, and screw cutting parts of injectors, which will be more
readily explained by reference to the Drawings, Sheet 2.
Fig. 18 is a sectional side elevation and Fig. 19 a cross sectional elevation
of a machine for turning, boring, and screw cutting parts of injectors.
a, the feet; b, the bed, upon one end of which a double beadstock (6¹) is
formed, having bearings which carry two hollow shafts (c and d), and these
shafts are geared together by a driving shaft (e) also having bearings in the
headstock; e are the "speed pulleys" on the shaft (e), and (e) is a wheel on
this shaft (e) that gears and drives a wheel (c¹) secured upon the front hollow
shaft (c); e is a pinion fast on the driving shaft (e) which gears with a wheel
(d) working loose upon the end of the back hollow shaft (d). Upon the
boss of the wheel there is a pinion (d) which gears with a wheel (d³)
loose on the driving shaft (6), and a pinion (d) fast upon the boss of the
latter wheel (d³) gears with a wheel (d³) fast on the back hollow shaft (d),
the latter wheel also gears with a wheel (f") upon the end of a screw shaft
(f) passing from end to end of the bed, which shaft has a wheel upon it that
geers with a finer pitched screw shaft (ƒ³) also passing from end to end of
the bed (b). A carriage (g) is fitted to slide upon the bed (see Fig. 19),
upon which carriage a suitable bracket (g¹) is fixed for receiving and holding
the article (d) to be operated upon. This slide carriage (9) can be moved
to and fro upon the bed by a pinion (92) upon a short shaft (g), having a
bearing in a projection from the carriage, which pinion (92) gears with a
toothed rack (9) passing lengthway of the bed (see Fig. 19). The slide
carriage (9) is actuated when boring, turning, or screw cutting by one of the
two screws (for f), both of which pass through bearings in the carriage (9)
in which there is a sliding die (95 and 96) for each screw, the lower end of
each die forming a half screw uut, which when the die is allowed to descend

page_text: will
gear with the thread upon the screw shaft. Each of these slides (9³ and 9º)
is actuated by a crank pin upon the end of a shaft (97), having bearings in
the carriage, the crank pin fitting a cross slot in the sliding die, and each of
these shafts (g) is oscillated by a "tumbler lever" (98 and 9º). One end of the
boring or screw cutting bar (h) is passed through the hollow shaft (c), and is
secured by a well known cone arrangement in the hollow shaft (d), the other
end of the bar (h) is carried by a centre which is secured in a part (k) hinged
to the end of the bed, so that it may be allowed to fall back when the bar (h)
is to be removed, being a counterbalance weight secured to an arm upon
the axis (k) of the part (k), which is kept erect when supporting the end of
the bar (h) by a pin (³) passing through a hole in the part (k) and the
bracket to which it is hinged. When the article (d*) to be operated upon is
secured upon the bracket (9¹) and the bar (h) is fixed, as shown, the tumbler
levers (98 and 9³) are placed in the position shown in Figs. 18 and 20, the
sliding half nut (9) is in gear and the other (g) is out of gear, and the
carriage is moved so that the boring cutters h¹ and h³ will act;
this operation is finished the tumbler lever (98) will come against a stop (91),
which will cause the tumbler levers (98 and 9°) as they are connected by a
chain (g) to fall into the position shown by Fig. 21, then the carriage (g)
will move back and the interior thread will be cut by the cutter (h³), while
the exterior will be turned or surfaced by two cutters (c2) placed at an angle
in boles in the face plate at the end of the hollow shaft (c), and secured by
set screws, and when these operations are finished the tumbler lever (9³) will
come against a stop (9), which will cause it to assume the position shown in
Fig. 22, when the carriage (9) will remain stationary.
when
Sheet 3, Fig. 23 is a side sectional elevation, and Fig. 24 a plan section of
a is the bed of the
a machine for turning and facing the flanges of injectors.
machine; b is the headstock carrying a shaft (c), upon one end of which the
driving speed pulleys (c') are fixed, in which end also the end of a screw (d)
is fitted so that the shaft may rotate while the screw remains stationary, but
so connected that the end movements of the screw will be imparted to the
shaft (c). The screw (d) is carried by a part (61) from the headstock, and is
prevented from turning when set by the binding screw (d¹). To the front end
of the shaft (c) a part (e) is secured, to which a slide (e¹) is fitted, and in this
slide a screw (e) is arranged, which screws through a part (3) fixed in the
end of the shaft (c), and upon the end of the screw (e) a star wheel (e) is
secured, which each time the shaft rotates comes against a pawl (es) hinged
to the beadstock, so that it can be turned to one side so as not to come in

page_text: contact with the wheel (e) when the position of the slide (e¹) is not to be
changed. When the slide (e¹) has traversed to the limit of its intended move-
ment the position of the pawl (e) is such that the wheel (e) will have passed
its edge, consequently the feeding will cease. The slide (¹) has a projection
in which the operating cutter (e) is fixed at an angle, as shown. The
article (ax) to be operated upon is fixed in a carrier or bracket (f) which is
secured upon a plate (f') that can rotate in the carriage (9) arranged to
slide upon the bed (a). The article (ax) is fixed so that the point of inter-
section of the axis of the branch with the axis of the body part of the injector
will come over the centre or axis upon which the plate (✓1) turns, so that
when the article (a*) is once fixed both flanges can be operated upon by
partly rotating the plate (f) changing the retaining pin f, and securing
by the screw (f³). The edge of the flange is operated upon by rotating the
screw (d) to traverse the cutter (e") while rotating across the edge of the flange
and the face of the flange by the traversing movement of the slide (e), the
screw (d) being used for regulating the depth of the cut. The slide carriage
(9) is moved upon the bed to suit different lengths of branches or flanges from
the axis of the plate (f¹).
Fig. 25 (Sheet 3) is a detached sectional view of an alternative mode of
actuating the slide (e'), which is by making the shaft (c) hollow, and passing
a smal shaft (9) through it, upon the front the end of which a bevel wheel (9¹)
is fixed that gears with another wheel (92), forming the nut (e³) for the slide
screw (e). The small shaft (g) is rotated to give the feed at a speed a little
more or less than the speed of the shaft (c) by a wheel (92) fixed upon the
end of the shaft (c), which gears with a wheel (9³) upon a stud (9), which
wheel (9) bas another wheel (9³) upon its boss that gears with a wheel (9)
fast upon the feeding shaft (9). The self-acting feeding is stopped by sliding
the wheels (and g³) upon their stud (9*) to bring them out of gear with the
wheels (92 and 9). With the last described arrangement the traverse for
operating upon the edges of the flanges is obtained by giving movement to
the carriage g.
Sheet 2, Fig. 26, is a longitudinal section, and Fig. 27 is a cross section
at a, b, Fig 26, of an arrangement of tool for screw tapping parts of injectors.
(a) represents the article, the end of which is to be screw tapped; 6 is a shaft
turned to fit the interior of the article; 6, the toothed cutter or chaser for
cutting the screw thread secured by a screw (62); 63 is a tapped boss made to
fit and secured to the end of the article as shewn. The end of the shaft (b)
screws into the boss (63), and the pitch of thi: thread (6) is that of the

page_text: intended thread which is cut by rotating the shaft (6) by a suitable key fitting
upon the squares (65) upon the end of the shaft.
Fig. 28 (Sheet 2) is a longitudinal section showing the mode of boring out
the body parts of injectors, especially such as have been cast according to my
improvements. A plug (c), the exterior of which is formed to fit the com-
bining cone (a), is secured in the body part (a) by a screw nut (c) and
flange (c) as shown, and the end of the plug is bored out to fit and receive
the end of the boring bar (d), as shewn; thus the parts are bored out with
certainty to the true axis of the injector.
Sheet 3, Fig. 29, is a front elevation; Fig. 30 a side elevation, and Fig. 31
a plan section of a machine or tool for turning, forming, and chasing the
steam nozzles of injectors where the conical hole has been cast or previously
bored out. a is an upright stand or frame which may be secured to a suitable
table or bed. In this stand are bearings for a vertical shaft (6) driven by a
bevel wheel (6) from a horizontal shaft (62) below. In the upper end of the
vertical shaft a mandrel (6x) is secured shaped to fit the interior of the steam
nozzle (ex) which is placed upon it and kept steady by a centre (c) which can
slide vertically in a bearing in the stand, being secured when adjusted by a
binding screw (c'). Bearings are formed in the stand (a) for a sliding
shaft (d) which is placed at an angle about parallel to the taper part of the
steam nozzle. Upon the sliding shaft (d) a holder (d) is placed which moves
end way with the shaft, but can partly rotate upon it; this holder carries a
small slide (d), in which a cutter (d³) is secured by a screw, the cutter being
adjusted by a screw (d) acting upon the slide. The holder (d¹) has a pro-
jection (d) which carries a bowl (d) that works against a shaper (d) secured
to the upright (a), which shaper gives the proper movements to the
cutter (d) to produce the curve required. When the sliding shaft (d) receives
end movement by a treadle connected with its end (d), or otherwise, the
sliding shaft being lifted after each descent by a spring (d) or by a weight
and cord or chain, as shown in peculiar dotted line. Another sliding shaft (e)
in a vertical position has bearings in the upright frame (a), and upon this
shaft a holder (¹) is placed so that it can partially rotate and move endways
upon the shaft (e.); one part of this holder has a half screw nut (6) secured
to it, which by moving the handle (3) can be brought into gear with
a corresponding screw thread (6) upon the rotating shaft (6). In the
holder (e) three cutters are secured, one (es) for squaring the shoulder, one
(e) for chasing the screw thread, and one (e) for turning the cylindrical
edge between the curved part and the shoul ler of the nozzle. The shaft (e)

page_text: is slided downwards during part of the operation, and is lifted after each
descent by a spring (e'), or by a cord and weight, as shown in peculiar dotted
line, the shaft (e) being slided up against any suitable stop (8). The holder
(e) is arranged so as to be kept in the position shown in Fig. 29 while
cutting the shoulder, as herein-after described, by a ledge (a¹) upon the
framing, from which ledge (a) the holder (¹) does not become free until it
bas oscillated to a given extent.
The machine is used as follows:-When the nozzlo (c*) is placed on the
mandrel as shown, the operator depresses the treadle so as to cause the
diagonal shaft (d) to gradually descend. The shaper (d') firsts oscillates tho
cutter (d) to bring it to the full depth of the cut and afterwards to produce
the curve required. After this has been done, or while it is being done, tho
handle (e) is pulled to bring the cutter (6) against the shoulder, and when
the shoulder has been cut to the intended depth the holder (6³) will be
liberated from the ledge (a'), the cutter (e) will pass into the position shown
in Fig. 31, and the "chaser" (e) will have taken its place, the half nut (e²)
at the same moment gearing with the screw (63) which traverses the holder (e¹)
and thus the "chaser," and causes it to cut the thread; at the same time the
traversing movement causes the cutter (e) to pass over and turn the cylin-
drical surface between the curved part and the shoulder of the nozzle. By
oscillating the handle (es) and allowing the spring (e) to lift the shaft (e) the
chaser may be caused to pass over the thread several times if required.
I have now particularly described the nature of my improvements and the
manner of carrying the same into effect, and claim as my Invention,-
Firstly. The use of two screws upon the central spindle for shutting, or
opening, or regulating the water and steam spaces in injectors, substantially
as herein-before described and illustrated by the Drawings.
Secondly. The combination, arrangement, and construction of injectors,
as herein-before described and illustrated by Figs. 1 to 11 inclusive of the
Drawings.
Thirdly. The mode of conveying steam to a moving ram (d), as herein-
before described and illustrated by Figs. 3 and 4.
Fourthly. Injectors having portions of their nozzles or passages oval or
oblong in cross section, as herein-before described and illustrated by Figs. 12,
13, and 14 of the Drawings.
Fifthly. The casting of the nozzles or cones of injectors upon
barrels to dispense with boring, as herein-before described.
"chill
"
core
Sixthly. The use of compound sand and chill core barrels for casting
injectors or parts of injectors, as herein-before described.

page_text: Seventhly. The casting of the body part of injectors in one piece, containing
the combining and receiving cones or nozzles (a' and a²) upon chill core
barrels or compound chill and sand core barrels, substantially as herein-before
described and illustrated by Figs. 15 and 16 of the Drawings.
Eightly. The use of plate moulding for casting injectors when combined
with the use of chill core barrels or compound chill and sand core barrels, as
herein-before described and illustrated by the Drawings.
Ninthly. The use, and combination, and arrangement of the machines and
tools for the manufacture of parts of injectors, as herein-before described
under the third head of my improvements and illustrated by the Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Gresham, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Second day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight.
Witness,
PETER J. LIVSEY,
Patent Agent,
Manchester.
JAMES GRESHAM. (L.B.)