IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FELT HATS OR OTHER COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Charles Bramall of Woodley near Stockport in
the County of Chester Coal Merchant and William Gaines Bywater and John
Teale both of the Sweet Street Foundry Holbeck in the County of York,
Mashina Malom
inn of TYPROVEMENTO TAT
DDADATHIS
TIORD TY
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Charles Bramall,
William Gaines Bywater and John Teale at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents on the 27th May 1882.
JOHN CHARLES BRAMALI, of Woodley near Stockport in the County of Chester.
Coal Merchant and WILLIAM GAINES BYWATER and JOHN TEALE both of the
Sweet Street Foundry, Holbeck in the County of York. Machine Makers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FELT HATS OR
OTHER COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD."
tr
In apparatus employed in the manufacture of Felt Hats or other coverings for
the head it has been customary to employ a revolving, inner, hollow, and perforated
block (with a canvas or linen cover) to receive on its outer surface the felt material
to be operated upon, and over the felt material on this inner block there has been
applied another canvas or linen cover and then another cone or hollow block shaped
on its inner surface to correspond with the outer surface of the inner block, and
this inner surface acted upon the felt material carried by the inner block, by a
reciprocating up and down motion for effecting the desired hardening to the felt
material under operation.
According to our present improvements the bottom cone may remain stationary
or revolve, and the top cap, or cover, or cone, which is formed of brass, copper, tin,
zinc, wood, or other suitable material, is applied so as to be capable of a reciprocating
rotary motion when applied over the felt material to be operated upon.

page_text: For this purpose this outer cone (which rests upon the hat body to be felted) is
provided with one or two horizontal pins or studs which pins or studs are confined
in vertical grooved uprights, and are carried on a horizontal cross bar.
This cross
bar has the required reciprocating rotary motion imparted to it from an excentric
or otherwise by a connecting rod or other gear or this reciprocating rotary motion
may be otherwise obtained.
By these means we are enabled to employ brass, copper tin, zinc, wood, or other
hard material for the top cone in the hardening process of the wool or fur felt
without the necessity for the use of a top cover of canvas or linen between the top
cone or cover and the felt material under operation and the felting operation is
thereby better effected.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said John Charles Bramall, William Gaines Bywater and John Teale
in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 25th November 1882.
JOHN CHARLES BRAMALL of Woodley near Stockport in the County of Chester
Coal Merchant and WILLIAM GAINES BYWATER and JOHN TEALE both of the
Sweet Street Foundary, Holbeck in the County of York Machine Makers
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FELT HATS OR
OTHER COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD "
In apparatus employed in the manufacture of felt hats, or other coverings for the
head it has been customary to employ a revolving inner hollow, and perforated
block, (with a canvas or linen cover) to receive on the outer surface the felt material
to be operated upon and over the felt material on this inner block, there has been
applied another canvas or linen cover and then another cone or hollow block shaped
on its inner surface to correspond with the outer surface of the inner block, and
this inner surface acted upon the felt material carried by the inner block by a
reciprocating up and down motion for effecting the desired hardening to the felt
material under operation.
According to our present improvements the bottom cone may remain stationary
or revolve, and the top cap, or cover or cone which is formed of brass copper, tin
zinc wood or other suitable material, is applied so as to be capable of a reciprocating
rotary motion when applied over the felt material to be operated upon.
For this purpose this outer cone (which rests upon the hat body to be felted) is
provided with one or two horizontal pins or studs which pins or studs are confined
in vertical grooved uprights and are carried on a horizontal cross bar. This cross
bar has the required reciprocating rotary motion imparted to it from an eccentric
or otherwise by a connecting rod or other gear or this reciprocating rotary motion
may be otherwise obtained.
By these means we are enabled to employ brass copper tin zinc, wood or other
hard material for the top cone in the hardening process of the wool or fur felt
without the necessity for the use of a top cover of canvas or linen between the top
cone or cover and the felt material under operation and the felting operation is
thereby better effected.
But that the invention may be the better understood we will by the aid of the
accompanying Drawings proceed to describe means pursued by us in carrying the
same into effect.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 shews a front elevation Figure 2 a plan and Figure 3 an end elevation
of apparatus arranged to carry out our improvements. a represents the framework
of the apparatus. is a hollow cone which may be formed of brass or other
suitable material, and which is perforated with small holes. This cone b is as usual.
provided with a cover of canvas or linen fastened firmly on its outer surface, and it
is as usual heated by steam. This cone b is fastened to the frame a. by the iron
pieces a¹. c is, a cover or, cap which may be formed of wood, tin brass copper or
other suitable material and is made to fit the cone b. c¹, are horizontal pins which
are fast to and project on each side from the cover c. when in working position these
pins c. are each confined in a vertical groove in the fixings 62. The fixings b² are
carried on a horizontal bar b' which is capable of working freely on a centre stud b³

page_text: by means of a rod d'. The eccentrics d, are applied to the driving shaft f and are
therefore caused to revolve with that shaft.
In working with this apparatus the cone b, being fixed and having a cover of
canvas or linen securely fastened on its outer surface in the usual way and being
heated by steam, it is ready to receive the hat body which has to be hardened.
The hat body which has to be operated upon is placed over and upon the cone b
and its canvas cover, then the cover or cap c. is placed over and upon both hat body
and the cone b. the projections c', are at the same time confined in the vertical
grooves of the fixings 62. During this operation the driving shaft f with the
eccentrics & may be running which will give a reciprocating to and fro motion to
the bar b¹ with the fixings 62 and consequently to the covers or caps c. The
fixings 62, are made wider at the top in order, better to receive the projections c¹.
whilst the apparatus is running. The cover c. is kept on the hat body under
operation, and the cone until the necessary hardness is obtained to that hat body.
That cover c is then removed with the hat body and another hat body is placed in
position to be acted upon in like manner.
Having thus described our Invention and means which we adopt in carrying the
same into effect, we would have it understood that what we claim is the arranging
or combining parts of apparatus used in the manufacture of felt hats or other
coverings for the head, whereby the upper cap cover, or cone is capable of a
reciprocating rotary motion substantially as described.
In witness whereof we the said William Gaines Bywater and John Teale
have hereunto set our hands and seals this Twentysecond day of November
One thousand eight hundred and eighty two.