IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER HEATING APPARATUS SUITABLE TO BE EMPLOYED FOR WARMING CONSERVATORIES, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joshua George Wagstaff, of Dukinfield, in the
"
County of Chester, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN WATER HEATING APPARATUS SUITABLE TO BE EMPLOYED FOR WARMING
CONSERVATORIES, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES."
Scaled the 29th January 1875, and dated the 4th August 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by tho said Joshua George
Wagstaff at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with bis
Petition, on the 4th August 1874.
I, JOSHUA GEORGE WAGSTAFF, of Dukinfield, in the County of Chester,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN WATER HEATING APPARATUS. SUITABLE TO BE EMPLOYED FOR WARMING
CONSERVATORIES, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows :—
My Invention relates to the class of boilers or water heaters princi-
pally employed in the warming of the air in hot-bouses, conservatories,
churches, and other erections, and has for its object to produce a heator
efficient in action and capable of being easily constructed. To this end-I-
former the heater of a number of sections bolted or secured togetlier, cach

page_text: section being of an arched form,.and having an internal passage for the
flow of water. Openings are formed at the lower and upper parts of each
section, and the margins of such openings are or may be faced, so that
when several sections are secured together by means of bolts passing
through tho openings in all the sections, sufficiently water-tight joints
aro effected between the several sections, the coincident openings serving
as passages for the flow of water from one section to another. The front
and back sections are preferably mado of suitable forms to act as end
walls, and the front section may be filled with a firc-door or with doors.
The fire-bars are mounted in the space enclosed by the said sections.
The upper parts of the sections are formed with projecting ribs, which
fit closely together, or the said upper parts are made wider or larger in
cross section, the arrangement being such as that slots or openings are
left on each side of the furnace and between tho sections, through which
side openings the heated gases pass into outer flues through which tho
said gases flow upwards and over the crown of the furnace, either directly
or in a circuitous direction to the fluo leading to the chimney. The
inlet pipes are connected with the lower part of the heater, and the exit
pipes with the upper part thereof, as is usual.
•
The tubular part of cach section may bo made of any suitable form in
cross section, but I prefer to employ a triangular or nearly triangular
form in cross section, the wider part being outwards.
In some cases I may enclose the sides and upper part of the heater in
a hollow metal casing connected with the inlet and outlet water pipes,
and furnishing additional heating surface.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Joshua George Wagstaff in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 4th February 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, Joshua
GEORGE WAGSTAFF, of Dukinfield, in the County of Chester, Engineer, &
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent bearing date the Fourth day of August, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the

page_text: thirty-ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Joshua George Wagstaff, Hor
special licence that I, the said Joshua George Wagstaff, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Joshua
George Wagstaff, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER HEATING APPARATUS SUITABLE TO BE
EMPLOYED FOR WARMING CONSERVATORIES, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Joshua George Wagstaff,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my,
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
3 and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme.
diately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
. NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joshua George Wagstaff, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement (and accompanying Drawings), that is
to say :-
My Invention relates to tho class of boilers or water heaters princi-
pally employed in the warming of the air in hot-houses, conservatories,
churches, and other erections, and has for its object to produce a heater
efficient in action and capable of being easily constructed. To this end
I form the heater of a number of sections bolted or secured together,
each section being of an arched form, and having an internal passage
for the flow of water. Openings are formed at the upper and lower
parts of each section, and the several sections are secured together by
means of bolts passing through the openings in all the sections, suffi-
ciently water-tight joints being made between the several sections. The
coincident openings serve as passages for the flow of water from one-
6 section to another. The front and back sections may be made of suitable-
forms to act as end walls, or the back section may aloue be so formed,
and the front section may be fitted with a fire-door or with doors. The
fire-bars-arc-mounted in the spaco enclosed by the said sections. The

page_text: upper parts of the sections are formed with projecting ribs, which fit
closely together, or the said upper parts are made wider or larger in oross
section, the arrangement being such as that slots or openings are left on
cach side of the furnace and between the sections, through which 'sido
openings the heated gases pass into outer flues through which the said
gases flow upwards and over the crown of the furnace either directly.
or in a circuitous direction to the flue leading to the chimney. The
inlet pipes are connected with the lower part of the heater, and the exit
pipes with the upper part thereof, as is usual.
In some cases I may enclose the sides and upper part of the heater in 1
a hollow metal casing connected with the inlet and outlet water pipes,
and furnishing additional heating surface. In such cases I may sonic-
times vary the positions of the said projecting ribs.
And in order that my said Invention may be fully understood I have
appended hereunto a Sheet of Drawings made to a scale of about ono 1
inch to the foot, and marked with letters of reference, corresponding
marks indicating the same parts in the various Figures.
Referring in this place to the said Drawings, Fig. 1 represents a front
view; Fig. 2, a side elevation; and Fig. 3, a vertical longitudinal section
of a water heater constructed in accordance with my Invention. In 2
this example the said heater consists of eight sections a, a, of the arched
form indicated by Figure 4, and of an end section b. Each section is
formed of cast iron, and is cored out so as to have an internal passago
for the flow of water, and is also formed with three openings c, c, c,
which extend through the section, that is to say, cach side of tho section 2
is formed with three openings.
Fig. 5 represents a cross section on the line A, and indicates the form
of section. I prefer that the upper side of the said Figure shall form the
outer side of the section a. Facings are formed around the openings c,
and in the example annular shaped ribs are formed around the openings 3
on one side of each section, and corresponding grooves on the other sido
of the section. This formation may however be varied. One of the
sections is formed with branches d, d, on each side, and two of the other
sections arc each formed with a branch e on the crown, the other sections
being formed without such branches. The number of such branches 3
may be varied according to the size of the heater, or to the special
requirements. The end section 6 is mado of a form, suitable for an end

page_text: wall to the furnace chamber, and is formed with an internal cavity for
the flow of water, and with openings corresponding with the openings.c; c.:
In some cases I may dispense with the said end section. The furnace
front is formed with three facings to fit against the facings on the front
end section; and is provided with sliding furnace and ash-pit doors, or
with-any-suitable arrangement of doors and fittings. The sections are
arranged together so that the annular ribs on one section enter the
annular grooves on the next section, the said furnace front being formed
with grooves or with ribs, as the case may be. A suitable cement is
interposed between the facings when the parts are being put together.
Boltsff, are then passed through the openings in the sections, and
through holes in the back of the section 6 and in the furnace front, and
the latter and the sections are thereby securely bolted together.
Other means may be employed for effecting water-tight-joints between
the several sections, as for example packing rings of vulcanised caout-
chouc or other suitable material may be employed, or the facings around
the openings may be faced in a lathe or other machine. Fins or ribs. 9, 9,
are cast on the upper part of each section, and when the sections aro
bolted together the fins on the adjacent sections meet, as seen in Figs. 2
and 3. The flames or heated gases are thus compelled to flow through
the narrow spaces h, h, into the side flues. The said flames or gases may
then flow upwards over-the crown of the heater through a space between
the enclosing brickwork and the said heater. The water inlet or return
pipes are connected with the branches d, and the outlet or flow pipes
5 with the branches e.
T
1:4
In Fig. 6 a hollow wrought-iron casing i is employed. to enclose the
cast-iron sections. The inlet and outlet branches or passages are con-
O nected with the said casing, so that the water is caused to flow through
the said casing as well as through the sections a.. The flames or heated
gases flow through the spaces h into the space k, whence they flow into
an end flue or into end flues, and are then conducted into a flue or into
flues which are formed between the said casing and the enclosing brick-
5 work; or the said flames or gases may flow through. an opening or
openings formed in the crown of the said casing.

page_text: In Fig. 7 a cast-iron casing is employed, and the fins or ribs g, g,
are formed on the lower parts of each section, as seen at m, m, in Fig. 8,
whereby the flames or gases are caused to circulate in the direction.
indicated by the arrows.
· Fig. 8 indicates a modification, which may be made in the form of the 5
sections a. In this example each section has two water passages, which
are formed in the pipes m and n, which are connected at their lower and
upper ends, the whole being formed in one casting. Fins or ribs aro
formed on the lower parts of the pipes m and on the upper parts of the
pipes n, the effect being that the flames or heated gases are compelled to 1
flow in the circuitous direction indicated by the arrows.
Having now fully described and indicated the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same may be carried into
practical effect, I would have it to be understood that I claim,—
First. The sections formed and combined, substantially as and for the 1
purposes set forth and indicated herein-before and in the accompanying
Drawings.
And, lastly. The general form and arrangement of the boilers or water
heaters, substantially as set forth and indicated herein-before and in the
äccompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joshua Georgo Wagstaff, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Second day of February,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
five
Signed and scaled by the said
Joshua Georgo Wagstaff,
in the presence of
EDWARD K. DUTTON,
Agent to the Patenter,
JOSHUA G WAGSTAFF. (L.S.)
3, Princess Street,
Albert Square,
Manchester.