Improvements in Pneumatic Tyres.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 8th Aug., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 8th June, 1894-Accepted, 14th July, 1894
WARAVAI
Improvements in Pneumatic Tyres.
I, PHILIP LOUIS RENOUF, of 308 Summer Lane, Birmingham in the County
of Warwick, Superintendent to Messrs. William Bown, Limited, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
In some pneumatic tyres the inner air chamber is enclosed in a bag of canvas
or other texture in order to check undue expansion, in others a wovon or spun
strip or strips or tapes are stitched, solutioned or vulcanised to the outer cover
for a similar purpose; I propose to dispense with all woven tubing and all bands,
sheets, strips or tapes of canvas, cloth or silk and to replace them for the
purpose of gaining greater strength and greater elasticity, with a series of
threads of flax, hemp, cotton, silk or other suitable material or of several of
these materials; these threads cross from one side of the tyre to the other
forming arches over the inner air chamber. These arches may be at right angles
to the direction of the wheel or may be on the skew; in the latter case I
propose to use two layers crossing each other in opposite directions.
The ends of the threads may run over or be fixed on endless wires or cords
equal in length to the inner diameter of the air chamber.
Sometimes the threads are quite independent; sometimes they run first from one
side and then to the other. Sometimes the whole series is proofed with rubber and
used as the outer cover of a pneumatic tyre; or it may be solutioned to the inner
side of an outer cover which will then be secured to the rim in any of the known
methods.
Dated this 5th day of August 1893.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Pneumatic Tyres.
I, PHILIP LOUIS RENOUF of 38 Summer Lane, Birmingham in the County of
Warwick, Superintendent to Messrs. William Bown, Limited, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
In some pneumatic tyres the inner air chamber is enclosed in a bag of canvas or
other texture in order to check undue expansion, in others a woven or spun strip
or strips or tapes are stitched, solutioned or vulcanised to the outer cover for a
similar purpose; propose to dispense with all woven tubing and all bands, sheets,
strips or tapes of canvas, cloth or silk, and to replace them for the purpose of
gaining greater strength and greater elasticity, with series of threads of flax,
hemp, cotton, silk or other suitable material or of several of these materials; these
threads cross from one side of the tyre to the other forming arches over the inner
air chamber. These arches may be at right angles to the direction of the wheel or
may be on the skew; in the latter case I propose to use two layers crossing each
other in opposite directions.
The ends of the threads may run over or be fixed on endless wires or cords equal.
in length to the inner diameter of the air chamber.
Sometimes the threads are quite independent; sometimes they run first from one
side and then from the other. Sometimes the whole series is proofed with rubber

page_text: and used as the outer cover of a pneumatic tyre; or it may be solutioned to the
inner side of an outer cover which will then be secured to the rim in any of the
known methods.
In the accompanying drawings I have shown how this invention may be most
conveniently carried into effect.
Figure 1 represents the simple winding of the threads around two wires,
Figure 2 being an end view or section of the same.
Figure 3 represents a modified form of winding,
Figure 34 an intermediate stage, and
Figure 4 shows the same after they have been doubled or folded over.
Figure 5 is similar to Figure 1 but the threads run first from one side and then
from the other.
Figure 6 is an end view of Figure 5.
. Like letters indicate like parts throughout the drawings.
Referring first to Figure 1, A are wires, threads, tapes or equivalent non-
stretching fixing devices which may be merely temporary for the purpose of
winding the threads B upon or around or they may be the actual wires or
equivalent devices which will subsequently be used for securing the cover to
the rim of the wheel. Instead of separate wires etc. A a single flat or round
mandrel may be employed for the same purpose and with or without these wires.
B are threads of any suitable and sufficiently strong material say for example
flax or hemp; these threads as clearly shown in the drawing are wound round the
wires A or the mandrel until a sufficient length is provided when the ends may be
joined up in any convenient manner to make a ring. The threads B may be wound
as single threads leaving a space say for example from B' to B' which would
afterwards be filled by other threads, or they may be wound in sufficient numbers
to give the right degree of angularity as indicated in the drawing; for example
half a dozen threads with spaces between producing what is shown in Figure 1.
The sizes of the threads and the spaces between them, as also the number of
threads that may be wound in a single batch may vary as required. From the
drawing it will be seen that a fabric is thus produced of double thickness, one set
of threads lying on top and the others below, the upper threads being shown in full
lines in the drawing and the under threads in dotted lines. Figure 2 being the
end view of Figure 1 shows the manner of winding the threads around the wires or
mandrel.
Another, but inferior way of effecting the same object is shown in Figures 3, 34
and 4. Here I show the threads B wound at right angles to the length of the
fabric connected to threads C at each side and in the middle; actually I may make
this as a woven fabric placing a wire in the centre D and folding the one side over
upon the other side and stitching it through, another wire being placed at C by
which means I have then a wire in each edge. In order to make the threads of
the two halves cross each other at right angles as indicated in Figure 4, I move the
centre wire or threads D longitudinally with reference to one of the side wires or
threads or set of side wires or threads C and the other side wires or threads in the
same direction to a farther extent and then upon folding them over I produce
what is shown in Figure 4. However, the same result may be obtained without
weaving by winding the threads over and above the respective edgings C; they
can then be distorted as previously described and folded as in Figure 4.
In Figure 34 this distortion is shown the wires or edgings being moved longi-
.tudinally relatively to each other so that the threads B lie upon the skew.
Figure 5 is very similar to Figure 1, but instead of winding the threads simply
round and round the wires A I wind them first from one side and then from
the other so that each thread or batch of threads goes over the first wire, then
under and over the second wire, then under and over the first wire, then under
and over the second wire, and so on, crossing each other so that one half of
each layer of threads is covered by the half of the next layer of threads and
so on. Thus in Figure 5 the layer of threads E is, as to one half, covered by

page_text: the portion F of the next layer of threads, the covered portion forming the
triangle a 6 c, the other portion of the layer F being covered in a similar
manner on one side by the next layer G after it, forming the triangle b c d
and on the other side by the previous layer E before it. Each parallelogram
therefore a bed consists of two triangles a b c and b c d each of double
thickness.
By these means I am enabled to provide a cover formed of two layers of
thread supporting each other without the assistance of a rubber bedding.
The wires may if desired be enclosed in sheaths say conveniently canvas pipings
which, particularly if solutioned, assists materially in keeping the threads in their
place during the winding.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what 1
claim is :-
1. A restraining jacket for pneumatic tyres consisting of threads forming two
layers crossing each other transversely without interlacing or intersecting.
2. An unvulcanized thread jacket in which the layers cross each other as
described and furnished with an edging which renders it suitable for a detachable
cover for a pneumatic tyre.
3. The combination of the wired or corded edges with the two layers of thread
supporting each other without the assistance of a rubber bedding substantially as
described.
4. A tyre cover or air-tube-restraining band comprising two wires cords or
equivalent and a series of threads passed alternately over and under the wires
substantially as described.
5. A tyre cover comprising two wire cords or equivalent a series of threads
passed alternately over and under the wire and an indiarubber or equivalent
protective coating substantially as described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
Dated this 8th day of June 1894
PHILIP LOUIS RENOUF.
W. P. Thompson & Boult,
Agents for the Applicant.