matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN HAIR BRUSHES AND ANALOGOUS APPARATUSES, WHEREBY THEY MAY BE USED FOR THE APPLICATION OF WASHES, DYES, AND OTHER MATTERS."
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Georges Pinaud at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 20th April 1877.
GEORGES PINAUD, of No. 16bis, Boulevard Sébastopol, Paris, in the Republic of
France, Perfumer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN HAIR BRUSHES AND ANALOGOUS APPARATUSES,
WHEREBY THEY MAY BE USED FOR THE APPLICATION OF WASHES, DYES, AND
OTHER MATTERS."
I make the back and the handle of my improved hair brushes hollow, the handle
terminating in a compressible part. I perforate the back of the brush with holes,
opening at one end between the bristles of the brush, and at the other into a
reservoir formed between the back and a covering plate screwed or otherwise fixed
upon it.
The hollow handle of the brush is lined with a small tube of nickelized copper,
or other suitable material, tapped at one end to receive a small apparatus, formed
of an india-rubber or other elastic reservoir, with a nozzle or pipe screw-threaded
to screw into the tube within the handle.
This brush is intended for the application of essences, dyes, and the washes in
general use for toilet purposes. The mode of using it will be readily understood.
It is only necessary to unscrew the india-rubber reservoir and while compressing it
to dip its pipe into the essence, liquid, or dye to be used; directly the pressure is
relieved this reservoir fills by suction, and when filled it is again screwed into the
handle, and the brush is ready for use. When brushing the hair a slight com-
pression of the elastic reservoir at the end of the handle will send the liquid into
the bollow back of the brush, from whence it will be distributed along the bristles
slowly, regularly, continuously, and in such quantity as may be deemed desirable.
When the brush is not in actual use the liquid no longer flows.
This improved hair brush will be found greatly preferable to the brushes in
ordinary use, which have to be dipped or soaked in the essences and liquids to be
used, whereby much of the liquid is spilled, causing stains, and it is very unevenly
spread where it is required.
I propose to apply the instrument above set forth not only to hair brushes but
to tooth and other brushes, and to combs.
IMPROVEMENTS IN EMBROIDERING AND ORNAMENTING WOVEN FABRICS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Heaven at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 16th October 1877.
ALFRED HEAVEN, of Mason Street, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Embroiderer by Machinery.
IMPROVEMENTS IN EMBROIDERING AND ORNAMENTING
WOVEN FABRICS."
"
My Invention is particularly applicable to table covers and other similar articles,
but it may be applied to ornamenting wearing apparel.
The Invention consists in combining the designs produced by the ordinary penta-
graph embroidering machines with those produced by the ordinary "Bonnaz
patent embroidering machines, for which Letters Patent were granted to William
Clark on the 27th October 1863, No. 2544, and to William Edward Gedge on the
25th November 1868, No. 3590.
In performing my Invention produce any convenient number of repeats of
leaves, flowers, or other designs on cloth or other fabric by a pentagraph embroi-
dering machine of the ordinary construction; these designs are then separated or
cut out by hand, or stamped out in a press, and they are then secured to the fabrics
to be ornamented by embroidering around the edges of the design with the
Bonnaz" machine. These embroidered designs are connected by leaves, scrolls, or
other patterns produced by the "Bonnaz" machine to form large combined flowing
patterns.
"
By means of this Invention the cost of production is reduced, and large designs
of a graceful and highly ornamental description can be produced, whereas in ordinary
pentagraph embroidering machines it is only possible to produce patterns with a
succession of repeats of a small size.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF FIXING GOODS ON SHOW CARDS OR OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Sands at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 1st October 1877.
ALFRED SANDS, of Oxford Street, in the County of Middlesex, Dye and Chemical
Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF FIXING GOODS ON SHOW
CARDS OR OTHER ARTICLES."
My Invention relates to an improved method of fixing goods on show cards or
other articles for the purpose of sale or exhibition, so as to enable the said goods to
be removed and changed without damaging the said cards or other articles. It
consists in attaching to the show cards or other articles, by glue or other means,
any suitably shaped sockets or receptacles, into which are inserted the cases or
coverings of the goods to be exhibited for sale. These cases or coverings hitherto
have been attached directly to the cards, the evil of which system is that the cards,
as well as the goods, are liable to be disfigured or injured by the removal of the
latter.
The advantages of my Invention are, secure holding of the goods, the use of a
better description of show card, on account of its not being injured as heretofore,
and cleanliness.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TEMPLES EMPLOYED IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Taylor and John Hall at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st January 1877
SAMUEL TAYLOR and JOHN HALL, both of Walmersley, in the County of Lan-
castoi "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TEMPLES EMPLOYED IN
LOOMS FOR WEAVING
"
This Invention relates to the construction of temples employed in looms for
weaving, and is applicable principally to what are known as "segment" temples,
but it may also be applied to other kinds of temples
The Invention is intended as an adjunct to such temples, and consists mainly in
the employment and use of a 1oller extending across the loom between the temples,
which revolves loosely by the drag or pull of the cloth This roller is mounted on
a stud placed on each "nose end" of the temples, and supports the central portion
of the cloth as it is being woven
We also make each of the concave shields on the top of the temples which bears
on the upper side of the cloth to extend about half-way across the cloth, and meet
in the centie, where we fasten them together by a set screw or other convement
means.
By this arrangement the cloth is made more regular and even throughout the
whole length of the piece, the threads being kept quite parallel fiom selvage to
selvage The "shed" will also be more regular and even, which prevents the
shuttle catching and breaking the warp threads, thereby preventing waste and
producing a better cloth.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN."
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Smith at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 12th February 1877.
GEORGE SMITH, of Kennington Park, in the County of Surrey. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER, AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN."
My Invention relates to an improved mode of and' apparatus for obtaining
motive power, and consists essentially in the utilization of the combined forces of
air and water, by means of a reversible turbine enclosed in a plain or corrugated
cylinder.
In carrying out my Invention I provide above and in connection with the cylin-
der a chamber for containing air which is compressed to the requisito degree by
forcing water obtained from a tank or other suitable receptacle into the apparatus
up to the desired level, by the aid of a pump (such for example as that for which
Letters Patent were granted to me, dated the 12th March, 1873, No. 900), mounted
on the same axis as the turbine or otherwise; or the water may be introduced in
the first instance by an auxiliary pump, if desired. Valves are provided for regu-
lating the inlet of the water to the compressed air chamber, and the outlet of the
water from the apparatus, which valves are operated by hand in reverso directions.
When it is required to prepare the apparatus for work both valves are opened,
and the pump being set in motion, water is forced into the air chamber and thence
through the same into the cylinder, until the latter is completely filled; the outlet
valve is then closed, and the motion of the pump being continued, the air in the
air chamber will be compressed by the pressure of the water to the requisite.
degree.
When the necessary pressure is obtained, if it is not required immediately to
work the engine, the inlet valve is closed; but should it be desired to put the
engine immediately in operation the inlet valve is left open, and the outlet valvo
is also opened, and water will then be discharged into the tank or other receptacle,
and by its passage round the turbine towards the outlet, causing the turbine to
rotate, and water is simultaneously repumped from the tank or other receptacle,
so as to maintain the cylinder filled, and retain the necessary pressure in the air
chamber for the efficient working of the apparatus.
The engine may be worked in either direction, by simply varying the position of
the valves.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN ENVELOPES OR WRAPPERS USED OR EMPLOYED IN EXTRACTING OIL FROM SEEDS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Lapish and George Harrison
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th September 1877.
THOMAS LAPISH, of Cato Mills, Trippet, Hull, Foreman, and GEORGE HARRISON,
of 1, Arthur's Grove, Leicester Street, Beverley Road, Hull, Engineer. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN ENVELOPES OR WRAPPERS USED OR EMPLOYED IN EXTRACTING OIL FROM
SEEDS."
These improvements consist in using wrappers constructed or made up of corru-
gated iron, brass, or other heat-conducting material or substance, which wrappers
are fastened or attached by means of screws or otherwise to the boxes of the
hydraulic press, or they may be cast or otherwise formed as a part or portion
thereof.
The top plate or box has cast upon or otherwise formed or added thereto a passage
or steamway around three of its sides, and the plates or boxes are then connected
with the boiler and to each other by a flexible tube or other suitable communicator
for the passage therethrough of steam, hot air, or hot water, by which means the
seed or material contained therein to be pressed is maintained at a heated or warm
temperature during the operation.
In some cases it may be found convenient to apply a passage or steamway to the
bottom box also.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING OR PRODUCING ELECTRIC LIGHT."
Year: 1877

page_text: 21
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick William Heinke at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th May 1877.
FREDERICK WILLIAM HEINKE, of Twickenham, in the County of Middlesex.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING OR PRODUCING
ELECTRIC LIGHT."
This Invention is based upon the principle that two circles or discs revolving at
right angles or nearly so to one another will only come in contact with one another
at one point at each of their respective surfaces during the revolution. The same rule
of contact applies to the surfaces of two planes or bars moving at right angles to one
another and in opposite directions.
In carrying my Invention into effect, I provide carbon discs or electrodes, which
are caused to rotate in contrary directions and to work against one another, pre-
ferably at right angles or nearly so to one another; for this purpose I mount one
disc on an axis, to which rotary motion is imparted by clockwork or in any other
convenient way. Supposing this disc to be set to revolve in a horizontal direction,
I provide another carbon disc placed in a vertical direction upon an axis which is
also caused to revolve by clockwork mechanism, the two discs I prefer should
revolve synchronously, but they may revolve if desired at different speeds; for this
purpose I provide a chain of wheels suitably arranged for that purpose; the two
carbon surfaces thus revolving, a separate and distinct surface of carbon is
successively and continuously exposed to the action of the current of electricity.
To provide for the wear of the discs, one of them during its revolution is brought
up to the other, a regulated distance, at, say each complete rotation of the discs,
and this is accomplished by connecting the frane carrying its axis with the train of
wheels and clockwork mechanism aforesaid.
The edges of the carbon disc or electrode are preserved during their rotation with
suitable edge by providing metal or composition sharpening appliances, between
or through which they pass, and thus the discs are set at each rotation thereof.
The speed at which the discs rotate varies according to circumstances.
When bars or rods are used instead of discs, I cause them to have a reciprocating
motion, and provide adjusting and sharpening arrangements, as before.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RUNNERS AND TOP NOTCHES FOR UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Greatbatch Wood at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th August 1877.
EDWARD GREATBATCH WOOD, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Machinist. "IMPROVEMENTS IN RUNNERS AND TOP NOTCHES FOR UMBRELLAS
AND PARASOLS."
My Invention consists of the improvements herein after described in runners and
top notches for umbrellas and parasols, whereby great strength is given to the said
runners and top notches, and the notches are connected to the tubular parts of the
said runners and top notches more firmly than by the ordinary method of manufacture.
In making a runner for an umbrella or parasol according to my Invention I
proceed as follows:-I take a rectangular blank of sheet iron of such a size and
form that when bent up into a tubular shape it will make the tubular part or barrel
of a runner of the required size. By means of a press and pressing tools I make in
the blank a groove or trough like depression at a short distance from and parallel to
one of its longer sides. A piece of iron wire of the same length as the blank is laid
in the groove or depression in the blank, and the said blank and wire are operated
upon by a press and pressing tools so as to bend the blank into a tubular form; this
is effected by first bending the blank into a semi-tubular form at its middle, and
afterwards closing the edges upon one another. There is thus formed an open jointed
tube, having a hollow projection, shoulder, or flange near one end, the said projection
or flange being strengthened by an inclined support of iron wire.
The notch is made in the ordinary way, and is placed on that end of the tube or
barrel near which the flange is situated. By means of pressing tools the extreme
end of the tube or barrel is expanded, and the notch is firmly grasped between the
said expanded end and the flange.
The strength of the flange is such, in consequence of its internal wire support,
that the notch is fixed with a firmness unattainable by the ordinary method of
manufacture. The runner is finished in the ordinary way.
In making top notches according to my Invention I proceed in all essential
respects in the way described with respect to runners.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COCKS AND TAPS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Allan Stewart and Charles Stewart
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th November 1877.
ALLAN STEWART and CHARLES STEWART, both of Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain. "IMPROVEMENTS IN COCKS AND TAPS."
This Invention, which relates to improvements in cocks and taps used for
supplying water or liquids in dwelling houses, buildings, or other situations,
wherein a supply of water or liquids is required, has reference under one modi-
fication to that class of cocks and taps wherein communication with the main or
service pipe is cut off or established by moving the exit pipe or nozzle of the cock
through a vertical arc.
The Invention consists in forming a chamber between the exit pipe or nozzle of
the cock or tap, and that part whereby the cock or tap is connected to the service
pipe or main. In this chamber a poppet valve is situated, the head of the valve
being towards the service pipe. A coiled or other equivalent spring is employed to
Leep the valve on its seat when it is not desired to draw water or other liquid by
means of the cock or tap; and a pin or tappet is formed on or fixed in the lower
part of the valve feather or stem, which pin passes through a hole or opening inade
in the bottom of the valve chamber and bears upon an eccentric or cam formed on
the heel of the cock or tap. This eccentric or cam is so arranged that in the act of
moving the exit nozzle or pipe of the cock or tap upwards or downwards for the
purpose of drawing water or other liquid, the eccentric or cam acts upon the pin or
tappet, so as to force the valve back from its seat and against the resistance of the
spring, and by this means the water or other liquid is allowed to flow from the
service pipe through the valve seat, and through an orifice in the valve chamber to
the exit nozzle or pipe of the cock or tap. The valve is immediately closed by the
spring and by the pressure of water or liquid behind it, and the supply of water or
liquid cut off on moving the exit nozzle in the opposite direction to that before
referred to, the said motion baving the effect of presenting the part of lesser radius
of the of the eccentric or cam to the pin or tappet of the valve.

page_text: Under a modification of the Invention the exit nozzle of the improved cock or
tap may be a fixture in any convenient position for drawing water or liquid there-
from; and the valve chamber may be provided with a spindle or auxiliary having
à handle at its outer end and an eccentric or cam at its inner end, which on the
spindle being turned acts on the pin or tappet of the valve in the manner herein-
before described
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING INCRUSTATION IN BOILERS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Thomas Shuttleworth at the
Office of the Commnissioners of Patents on the 11th June 1877.
SAMUEL THOMAS SHUTTLEWORTH, of Bishopsgate Street Within, in the City of
London. " IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING INCRUSTATION IN
BOILERS."
This Invention relates to the construction of certain apparatus which is placed
either within or attached to the exterior of boilers for the. purpose of removing
therefrom all such impurities and foreign matters, which if allowed to accumulate
would produce incrustation on the interior surface of the boiler plates.
When the apparatus is to be applied to the exterior of the boiler, a receiver
formed of iron or other suitable metal is attached to the bottom thereof.
The upper part of the receiver forms a chamber into which the water
from the boiler enters through apertures in the bottom of the latter, a com-
munication between the chamber and the lower part of the receiver being provided
by means of a slide valve, which is actuated in the manner well known and under-
stood. When the slide valve is opened, the water and all impurities and foreign
matters pass by gravitation through the openings in the valve into the receiver.
The ends of the moveable portions of the slide valve are formed with knife edges
for the purpose of cutting and acting upon the solid matters which may become
deposited in front of the same, and thus prevent the valve from being clogged or
jammed when actuated.
The receiver is provided with a jet-cock by which the water can be discharged
therefrom when the slide valve is shut, leaving only the solid matters deposited, and
which can be removed by opening a door which is placed at one end of the receiver
for that purpose.
The receiver may extend the whole length of the boiler, or beneath one portion
thereof only.
When it is impracticable to attach the receiver to the exterior of the boiler, as
for instance in the case of the latter being imbedded in the ground, the apparatus
is placed in the interior of the boiler, the receiver being suspended in or attached
to the same, and a communication being formed between them by means of a slide
Price 211

page_text: valve as in the arrangement previously described, provision being also made at one
end of the boiler by which the door of the receiver can be opened when desired for
the removal of the solid matters contained therein.
This Invention can be applied to new boilers, or may be adapted to old boilers
with great facility.
APPARATUS FOR BASTING MEAT WHILE ROASTING OR BAKING
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Thomas Boston at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th November 1877.
EDWARD THOMAS BOSTON, of the City and County of Bristol.
APPARATUS FOR BASTING MEAT WHILE ROASTING OR BAKING."
"IMPROVED
My improved apparatus for basting meat consists substantially as follows:-The
apparatus is made preferably of tin, the shape and angle of sides being so as to
allow of holes being made larger at the sides, the fat thus running over the area
from side holes, spreads it, at the same time reduces the rate of passage.
The apparatus has a concave bottom, designed to catch any sediment without
stopping up the outlet holes, which are placed about, say, three-eighths of an inch
from the bottom, which is so shaped as to allow of its standing to be filled also
when it is used in connection with a baking slide. The holes in the apparatus
being placed above the bottom allow some time to elapse before the fat runs out
when the apparatus is first exposed to the fire for roasting, or to heat in an oven
for baking.
The circular side and raised portion of bottom contain a few small holes,
those in the bottom being larger to distribute the fat over the meat evenly.
The outside of the apparatus being kept bright, will by reflection considerably.
hasten the cooking of the meat or poultry which is hung beneath it.
The baking regulating slide is so formed that it may stick into the extreme end
of the joint, which will also act as a skewer, and allow the basting apparatus to be
passed along a top bar when necessary.
Hooks are provided suitable for either meat or poultry, and a strainer may be
introduced into the apparatus, if desired.
By my apparatus the meat, in roasting, will be able to cook without any person
being constantly present to watch its progress, thus saving a vast amount of time
and trouble.
By the exterior being kept bright it will be found in roasting that the cooking of
the joint will be hastened to a certain extent, thus saving cost of firing, which is a
very great object.

page_text: The meat or poultry will be rendered more tender than by basting with a
spoon.
The basting arrangements for baking will be found very useful, as the prejudice
which has hitherto existed for baked meat, will, by the use of this apparatus, be
overcome.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF HAIR COMBS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Tyler Barnsley Bennett at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th December 1877.
JOHN TYLER BARNSLEY BENNETT, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Agent "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF HAIR COMBS."
The object of this Invention is to construct hair combs which shall be stronger
and more durable in their nature, be cheaper in manufacture, and be used with
greater comfort at the toilet.
The principle feature in my Invention is the construction of the teeth, which are
by preference made of wire, but shall be either round or oval in shape. This we
is cut off in suitable lengths, and pointed at one end thereof with a rounded or other
point These pieces of wire or teeth are attached to the ridge or back of the comb
in any suitable manner, but by preference I place them within a die or mould
having holes drilled therein to receive them, and being also provided with a groove
of the required pattern to form the ridge of the comb. I then pour in the substance
in a liquid or molten state of which the ridge is to be forined into the before-
mentioned groove, and the unpointed ends of the teeth projecting slightly into the
said groove are by this means secured into the ridge
It will be understood that any suitable material may be used for making the
teeth or the ridge, and in some cases I construct the teeth of one metal or material,
and the ridge or back of another metal or material.
The back or ridge of my improved comb is by preference tapered down to the
hilt of the teeth, and the space between each tooth is of an oval shape.
Combs with my improved rounded or oval teeth may be made or constructed by
drilling or punching the necessary holes in the ridge, and when the teeth are in
position the ridge may be pressed or closed upon them, or they may be secured by
solder or other means.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING CORROSION AND OXIDATION IN STEAM GENERATORS AND OTHER METALLIC VESSEL'S USED IN THE EVAPORATION OF LIQUIDS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Hull at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 7th February 1877
JOSEPHI HULL, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer.
IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING CORROSION AND OXIDATION IN STEAM
GENERATORS AND OTHER METALLIC VESSEL'S USED IN THE EVAPORATION OF
LIQUIDS"
The object of my Invention is to prevent corrosion and oxidation in closed steam
generators, and in closed and open metallic vessels used in the evaporation of liquids,
more particularly those containing crystalizable matters, such as chloride of sodium,
and incidentally to prevent and remove incrustations, hence whilst the said generators
and vessels are caused to last longer fuel is economized For that purpose I place
in the water or liquid a large plate or plates of zinc, coated with quicksilver or left
plain, and renew the said plate or plates fiom time to time The size of the
plate or plates will vary with the size of the boiler or vessel and the character
of the water, but should have about twenty inches alea for every horse power of
boiler
In practise I prefer to suspend the said plate or plates by a rod attached to the
upper part of the boiler, but various methods may be adopted In all cases
however said plates must be immersed in the liquid and not in the steam space, and
inust not be in contact with the metal of the generator or vessel except through the
suspending or supporting rod
NEW OR IMPROVED TUBE BEADER
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION loft by David Law Selkirk at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th January 1877
DAVID LAW SELKIRK, of Number 9, London Street, in the City of London,
Consulting Marine Engineer and Surveyor, Member of Council of the Institution
of Marine Engineers "NEW OR IMPROVED TUBE BEADER." A communication
from abroad by Patrick Fitzgibbons and Ralph Edward Stone, residing at
Oswego, in the Dominion of Canada.
It
The object of my Invention is to effect saving in time and manual labour in
beading tubes By its action it forms a perfect and beautifully finished bead
is capable of executing six times, at least, the amount of hand labour in the same
time, it is designed to work in a very small space, by the workmen it can be used
with the greatest ease and with little exertion
My Invention consists as follows -The part of this tool which has to be inserted
in the tube is of circular form externally, and conical internally, with four recesses
cut in it to receive four pieces grooved externally to grip the inside of tube tightened
or slackened, as may be necessary, by the conical centre piece which passes more
than full length through the tool, with an hexagon nut on the end to tighten or
slacken Over this contre piece is fitted a ratchet which has in front three turned
rollers rotating in bearings, these rollers are hollowed out to form the bead on the
tube end After the four grooved pieces have been tightened in the tube by
screwingon the cono the rollers are then pressed against the tubo ends by a feed
screw, and the ratchet worked in the ordinary way, and in this manner the bead
will be formed upon the tube.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM TRAMWAY CARS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Apsey at the Office the Commis-
sioners of Patents on the 25th October 1877.
JOSEPH APSEY, of No. 22, Waterloo Bridge Road, in the County of Surrey.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM TRAMWAY CARS."
<<
My Invention relates to tramway cars propelled by steain power, and has for its
object such an arrangement and construction of the steam engines and road wheels
that, while the engines are in a fixed position at some distance from the wheels,
these wheels are themselves mounted on bogie frames, so as to give facility for
the car running on curves, and all the wheels are made to act as driving wheels.
For this purpose I fix the cylinders of the engine on the under side of the car
floor or platform, at or about the middle of the length thereof. Near each end of
the car I mount a pair of axles with four wheels on bogie frames, the wheels on
each frame being coupled by crank pins and connecting rods.
For driving these wheels from the engines, and at the same allowing the bogies
to turn partly round on their vertical axes or perch pins, I arrange driving gear in
the following manner:-On each bogie frame I fit a pair of slides working horizon-
tally through a distance equivalent to the stroke of the engines, or double the
crank throw. One of these slides I connect by a connecting rod to a crank on one
of the wheel axles, and the other I likewise connect to a crank on the same axle, or
on the axle coupled thereto, at or about right angles to the former crank. The
engines work a pair of sliding bars, extending lengthwise from bogie to bogie.
One of these bars is linked at each end to a pin on one of the bogie slides, and the
other bar is in like manner linked at each end to a pin on the other bogie slide;
and these pins are in such a position on the slides that when the slides are at mid-
stroke the pins are in vertical line with the perch pins of the bogies. The engines
causing the two longitudinal bars to reciprocate, these cause the bogie slides also to
reciprocate, and the axles are thereby driven even, when they are wade to radiate
more or less to either hand by the locking of the bogie frames.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BICYCLES AND OTHER FORMS OF VELOCIPEDES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Harrington and Henry Brent ab
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th May 1877.
JOHN HARRINGTON and HENRY BRENT, both of Ryde, in the Isle of Wight,
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BICYCLES AND OTHER FORMS OF VELOCIPEDES."
The Invention has for its object improvements in bicycles and other forms of
velocipedes, and relates to means whereby an extra leverage can be obtained to the
crank without increasing the vertical distance through which the feet have to travel,
as also to means for applying increased break power when required, whilst by
modifying the leverage a rider of short stature may be enabled to ride a tall machine,
or a rider of tall stature may be enabled to ride a low machine. For this purpose
we fix rigidly on each boss of the fork a toothed wheel, and we mount on an axis
midway of the length of the crank lever another toothed wheel of equal size, whilst
in a bearing formed in the end of the crank lever we mount a stud projecting from
an additional projecting crank lever, to the outer end of which the treadle or sandal
is rigidly fixed, with capability of adjustment in a slot formed in the said crank
lever. A toothed wheel of similar size to the aforesaid is fixed on the stud or axis
of the additional crank lever, which gears with the toothed wheel secondly described,
and a continuation of the additional crank lever extends backwards from the stud
or axis thereof to form or provide an effectual break lever. By this arrangement
the additional crank lever, in whichever position it is adjusted, will retain such
position in all parts of its motion in relation to the machine, that is to say, if the
sandal or treadle is adjusted to extend in front of the primary crank lever it will
at all portions of its stroke remain in front of the primary crank lever, and so on for
any position in which it may be fixed.
Although we have described three toothed wheels of equal size to obtain the
above result, other numbers and proportions of toothed wheels may be arranged to
produce a like effect; or a somewhat similar result may be obtained by fixing an
eccentric on each boss of the fork, and mounting a strap thereon provided with a
projection or lever carrying a stud which works in a slot formed in the crank lever
fixed on the axis of the driving wheel.
IMPROVEMENTS CONNECTED WITH BOBBINS FOR SHUTTLES OF SEWING MACHINES, AND WITH SPOOLS OF BOTTOM THREADS OF MACHINES HAVING NO SHUTTLES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas James Rickwood at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th May 1877.
THOMAS JAMES RICKWOOD, of Landor Road, Clapham, in the County of Surrey,
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS CONNECTED WITH BOBBINS FOR SHUTTLES OF SEWING
MACHINES, AND WITH SPOOLS OF BOTTOM THREADS OF MACHINES HAVING NO
SHUTTLES."
This Invention relates to improvements connected with bobbins for shuttles of
sewing machines, and with spools of bottom threads of machines having no shuttles,
and consists, in the case of the bobbins, of making the axles or spindles of fine steel
or other wire, and fitting near each of their ends a disc of paper, cardboard, bone,
leather, or other cheap material, in order that when the cotton or thread wound
upon the spindle between the discs is unwound or exhausted the shuttle bobbins can
be thrown away or discarded as ordinary cotton reels are.
In making spools for sewing machines having no shuttles I purpose uniting two
discs of paper or cardboard, or some other cheap material, by a centre of wood or
other like material, upon which the cotton can be wound as in existing spools, the
object being in this, as with the shuttle bobbins, to supply machinists or sewing
machine workers with these articles ready charged with cotton, silk, or thread,
whereby the inconveniences attending the re-charging of the bobbins and spools, as
is now done in such an unsatisfactory manner, is dispensed with.
Instead of the shuttle bobbins and spools being formed as above described the
discs can be fitted upon the ends of tubes of paper or other material of the desired
length, so that when charged with cotton they can be fitted upon a wire or upon
pins either as separate axles, or permanently fitted within the shuttle or spool
carrier.
Any number of these shuttles, bobbins, or spools can be made in lengths, so that
one can be separated by cutting it apart when desired.
ROVEMENT PHOTOGRAP
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th January 1877 A communication
from abroad by Dominique Scotelları and Guillaume Puttomaus, both of Paris,
in the Republic of France
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Fum of Herbert and Company, Patent Agents,
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer
PHOTOGRAPHY"
Guillaume Puttemaus, both of Paris, in the Republic of France
A communication from abroad by Dominique Scotelları and
The improvements consist in the use of a violet tinted or coloured medium,
through which the rays of light shall pass for the various manipulations in photo-
graphy composed of the following preparation, forming an enamel or varnish for
application to glass or other material -Take two ounces of powdered copal gum,
Bix ounces essential oil of lavender, two grains of camphor, and essence of turpentine
in quantity according to the consistency of the mixture wished, mix diagon's blood
infused hot with the varnish, and add prussiate of iron, these two ingredients
according to the shade of violet colour required The mixture is then to be put in
a thin glass bottle or other convenient receptacle, with the lavender oil and camphor,
adding to it the powdered copal in small portions as cach is disolved in the liquid,
stirring the mixture continually with a stick of white wood or other material.
When the copal is incorporated with the oil add by degrees the essence of turpen-
tine in a boiling state The mixture must be filtered, and when cold is ready for
It can be applied to glass, paper, linen, metals, and other materials.
use,
PROVEMENTS IN TRICYCLES OR THREE-WHEELED VEHICLES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Hutton at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 19th November 1877.
"IM-
CHARLES HUTTON, of Lowndes Street, in the County of Middlesex.
PROVEMENTS IN TRICYCLES OR THREE-WHEELED VEHICLES."
This Invention relates to improvements in tricycles or three-wheeled vehicles,
and consists in arranging two side wheels or balance wheels parallel with each
other and apart, to a convenient degree to faciltate the turning of the driving
wheel, which is placed in advance of the side wheels by about a fourth of its
diameter, though the exact degree may vary with the girth of the rider and the
need for velocity.
.
The central wheel is provided with the accessories of the driving wheel ofan
ordinary bicycle, but its stock instead of being continuous with a "back bone"
going to the rear, carries a transverse bar, to which the upper ends of stays or straps
are attached, the lower ends of these being at right angles, and serving as axles for
the side wheels.
On the inside of one or on both stays, a foot-rest can be fitted to facilitate the
rider mounting into the saddle, which is attached to the above-mentioned transverse
bar in any convenient manner.
The stay of each side wheel may be forked if extra strength be needed, so that
each of the side wheels is embraced like an ordinary front wheel, and a curved
transverse bar can be attached to the stays at their lower ends if required, to
produce greater rigidity thereto.
REGULATING BY SELF-ACTION THE EXPANSION AND CONTRACTION OF WIRES USED FOR MOVING RAILWAY SIGNALS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Manston at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 8th February 1877.
WILLIAM MANSTON, of No 81, St John's Cottages, Heneker Road, Stratford New
Town, in the County of Essex " REGULATING BY SELF-ACTION THE EXPANSION
AND CONTRACTION OF WIRES USED FOR MOVING RAILWAY SIGNALS."
This Invention has for its object the regulation by self-action of the expansion
and contraction of wues used for moving railway distant signals so as to always
maintain an equal tension, and thus render at all times the action of the level on the
signal that which it is desired it should be It is in doing this and in the means for
effecting it that my Invention consists, as will be seen by the following description
and by reference to the Diawings accompanying this Provisional Specification In
these Diawings, Nos 1 and 2 represent two distant signals No 1, say fifteen
hundred yards, and No 2, say, five hundred yards fiom No 11 signal lever
The signal wies commence at No 3, and 4 and pass over pulley No 6, terminating
with weights No 5, such weights being sufficiently heavy to maintain a suitable
strain upon such wies Weights No 5 have a toothed rack to work in, and these
weights in the normal state are free to use or fall according to the requirements of
the signal wie, thus allowing for the contraction and expansion due to variations of
temperature or other causes Weights No 5 also work in fiame No 7 and 8, which
frame works to and fro on a swivel, No 12 being connected with lever No 11 by
1ods Nos 9 and 10 Upon the signalman putting No 11 lever in its proper
position the weights No 5 become unlocked, thus allowing the signals to go out to
then proper position Upper or lower signal aims may be used as may be requued
My Invention is applicable to either or both
It is not at all compulsory to work the two signals Nos 1 and 2 together, but
cach can be worked by lever No 11 when requned, say on curves or inclines when
two signals are sometimes used in place of one
I do not limit myself to the exact details of the Invention but may somewhat vary
them, but in all cases I maintain the principle of the Invention by availing myself
of weights or other equivalent means, so as to regulate by self-action the expansion
and contraction of wires used for moving railway signals.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDOW BLINDS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Philip Ottaway at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd February 1877.
JAMES PHILIP OTTAWAY, of Red Hill, in the County of Surrey. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN WINDOW BLINDS"
My Invention relates to improved means of raising roller and Venetian window
blinds, and securing them at any position desired
According to the Invention as applied to roller blinds, a reel is fixed on one end
of the roller, upon which a pendant cord winds when the blind is drawn down.
This cord passes between a pair of pulleys mounted in a box immediately beneath
the reel, the pulleys are made of india-rubber, and one of them revolves between
two flanges on the other, the peripheries of the two pulleys being pressed together
by an adjusting screw and stirrup piece applied to one of the pulley spindles which
18 mounted in slotted bearings
The pendant cord is passed through guides in the box, if necessary, and once
around the flanged pulley, which prevents any possibility of the cord becoming
jammed in the box The two whecls which are free to revolve nip the cord between
them, and by their elastic pressure hold the blind in any position while allowing it
to be freely drawn up or down, the pressure of the pulleys being proportioned to
the weight of the blind The blind is drawn down by a tassel cord at the bottom
in the usual way
As applied to Venetian blinds the 1oller would be used as for the roller blind,
and the cords of the Venetian blind would be joined together to form a single cord,
and be coiled on said roller when the blind is drawn up as before.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FURNITURE FOR UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charlos Louis Boyco and Richard
Reeves Newton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th
February 1877.
CHARLES LOUIS BOYCE, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer,
and RICHARD REEVES NEWTON, of the same Placo, Machinist "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF FURNITURE FOR UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS"
This Invention refers to improvements in attaching the barrels to the notch pieces
of the runners and top notches, and also to the securing in the ferules the iron point
or plug without the use of solder in either case
În forming the runners and top notches the notch piece is formed with an annular
groove sunk on its upper surface round the piercing through which the barrel is
passed, and in this groove one or more small sinkings are made The barrel 18
carried a short distance through the notch piece, leaving a slight flange projecting
on the upper surface of the notch piece, this flange is then turned over and into the
annular groove on the surface of the notch piece, and is closed down therein, forming
a flush junction and a solid connection of the parts without solder The metal of
the barrel is also forced into the small sinkings in the groove, and thus any rotary
motion of the parts is avoided
In forming the ferules, the cup being produced in the ordinary way and of the
usual taper form, the plug is dropped in, and by means of a suitable tool a collar or
flange is formed on the top of the plug by carrying down a thin shaving of metal
from the inner sides or walls of the cup, the metal being purposely left rather
thicker for that purpose, thus, the plug is retained in its place without solder.
AN IMPROVED 'SIDERAL TIME PIECE
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank Morris at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd March 1877.
FRANK MORRIS, of Swansea, in the County of Glamorgan. "AN IMPROVED
'SIDERAL TIME PIECE."
The object of this Invention is the construction of an instrument, by means of
which the time of night may be readily ascertained whenever the stars are visible.
The improved instrument consists of a disc, one face edge of which is divided into
twenty-four parts, each corresponding to one hour of time, which divisions may be
again subdivided into any convenient number of fractional parts. The opposite or
reverse side of the said disc has divisions marked thereon representing months and
days of the year.
A pin forming the axis of the disc is provided on that side thereof representing
hours or their fractional parts, with a pendant wire, the length of which terminates
in a weighted head or "plumb-bob," a little below the periphery of the disc. The
said axial pin on the reverse side of the disc supports a pair of cross arms or yoke,
the ends of which also project beyond the periphery of the disc, being in a line with
each other and radial to the axial pin.
On that side of the disc from which the pendant is supported a spring is
arranged in such a manner that when pressure is exerted by the finger of the
operator on the head of such spring it will release the pendant, and so cause it to
drop into a vertical position, at which time it becomes fixed immediately the pressure
is removed from the head of spring.
To ascertain the time of night the yoke before mentioned is turned round on its
centre until its radial edge stands at the day of the year on which the observation
is taken. The instrument is then held so that the projecting limb on one side
intersects one of the pointers in the constellation of the "Great Bear," and the other
intersects the "Pole Star." The pendant weight is then released by pressing the
spring head, which causes it to assume a vertical position, in which it is fixed
immediately the finger of the operator is removed. The time of observation may
then be read off on the other side of the disc by observing which division is inter-
sected by the wire of the "plumb-bob."
IMPROVE- MENTS IN AND RELATING TO APPARATUS FOR GENERATING CARBONIC ACID FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF AËRATED WATERS AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Sharp Taylor at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd July 1877.
WILLIAM SHARP TAYLOR, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster. " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN AND RELATING TO APPARATUS FOR GENERATING CARBONIC ACID FOR
THE MANUFACTURE OF AËRATED WATERS AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES."
In making carbonic acid gas the limestone or chalk is usually subjected to the
action of hydrochloric acid, in leaden or other metal generators. These are injuriously
acted on by the acid. It is to render the generating part of carbonic acid gas
apparatus impervious to the action of acids that this my Invention is designed. It
consists,―
1st. Instead of making the vessel for containing the acid of metal, I construct it
of ebonite, a substance which perfectly resists the corroding action of the acid.
This vessel is connected to the generator for holding the limestone, chalk, whiting,
or other substance used in making the gas by a pipe, also made of ebonite, instead
of metal.
2nd. The generator can be made of metal or other substance, but I enamel it
with silicate or other enamel similar to that used for coating pans and other like
articles. This principle of making generators and acid vessels can be applied to
any of the soda water or other apparatus for making carbonic acid now in use.
I am well aware that the metal acid holders of carbonic acid apparatus have been
lined with india-rubber or gutta percha, but such coverings are found to give un-
satisfactorily results, which by constructing them of ebonite are entirely overcome.