IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF UTILISING HEAT SO AS TO PRODUCE FORCE AS MOTIVE POWER APPARATUS AND APPLIANCES FOR EFFECTING OR ENERGY AND ALSO IN THE THE MODE OF UTILISING HEAT SO AS TO PRODUCE FORCE AS MOTIVE POWER OR ENERGY AND ALSO IN THE APPARATUS AND APPLIANCES FOR EFFECTING THE SAME " SP
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Charlton and James Wright of No. 10 Cornbill
in the City of London Engineers for an invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MODE OF UTILISING HEAT SO AS TO PRODUCE FORCE AS MOTIVE POWER
APPARATUS AND APPLIANCES FOR EFFECTING
OR ENERGY AND ALSO IN THE
THE MODE OF UTILISING HEAT SO AS TO PRODUCE FORCE AS MOTIVE POWER
OR ENERGY AND ALSO IN THE APPARATUS AND APPLIANCES FOR EFFECTING
THE SAME
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Charlton and
James Wright at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th May
1882.
THOMAS CHARLTON and JAMES WRIGHT both of No 10 Cornhill in the City of
London Engineers "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF UTILISING HEAT SO AS
TO PRODUCE FORCE AS MOTIVE POWER OR ENERGY AND ALSO IN THE APPARATUS
AND APPLIANCES FOR EFFECTING THE SAME
"
The object of our Invention consists in producing and inducing energy within an
aeriform or fluid elastic medium and converting the said energy into a motive power
so as to perform work.
We induce this energy or force within and among the molecules of the said
fluid medium by bringing it into contiguity with or into the vicinity of another
similar fluid elastic medium which has been previously raised to a high temperature
and tension.
The medium to be energized we call the direct working medium; the medium
with high temperature and tension we call the energizing compressile medium. The
apparatus which we use to carry our invention into effect, consists of:
(a) The Furnace wherein the heat is generated and imparted to the energizing
medium.
(b) The Induction Compressor where the hot energizing medium comes into
contact with & energizes the colder working medium.
(c) The Regenerator where the residual heat and energy is abstracted from the
energizing medium after it has performed its function in giving energy to the
working medium
(d) The Motor Machine into which the energized medium is conducted and its
energy expended in driving the machine and doing any kind of work

page_text: The media we use both for energizing and for working may be any of the well
known fluids, vapours, gases, or airs, or combinations of these, but in general and
preferably we adopt the common atmosphere, and in the following description,
we shall refer to them as the "working air" and the "compressile energized air."
The fuel we make use of for generating the requisite heat in the furnace, may be
any of those well known, and either solid, liquid, or gaseous.
The shape, size, and arrangements of the furnace proper will vary according to
the quality of fuel we use, the requirements of each kind of fuel being well known.
The air to be used for compressing and energizing the working air, has its
temperature raised to a high point within the furnace, and in direct contact with
the burning fuel and gaseous products of combustion. It is essential therefore for
our purpose, that our furnace should in its interior be perfectly insulated and
enclosed from the exterior atmosphere
The Furnace is made of metal, iron, or steel plates, capable of resisting the
pressure to which it is to be subjected, the inner skin is lined with fire-brick
ganister or other strongly refractory material, capable of withstanding the great
heat There is the usual grate, ashpit, and air space underneath, all capable of
being made air tight, when in use. Above the fire space the interior is divided by
means of perforated fire brick tiles or plates, into numerous communicating
passages; air tight doors are provided for access to the ash-pit, and fire grate and
air pit underneath. Also a safety valve and a suitable glass sight to watch the
combustion of the fuel; An open movable chimney is inserted only to be used
for kindling the fuel at starting. A pipe or conduit enters the upper part of the
furnace & serves as a passage for the hot air from the furnace; a valve properly
balanced is fixed to this conduit. If only one furnace is used & for some purposes
this is enough, the air is supplied by pressure or otherwise from some outside
source; the one valve fixed in the conduit, will be sufficient for general use, but if
we desire the furnaces to act alternatively and reciprocating, we adopt two, three,
or more of thein, all of which communicate with a general air supply reservoir, by
means of a tube or conduit, opening into each furnace, near its fire space. Within
each of the last named conduits, preferably at the junction with the furnace, is
inserted a balanced valve with differential faces so as to act automatically and
alternately, in shutting off or admitting fresh air from the supply reservoir to the
furnace, into which the other end enters the air reservoir. Each furnace has also
the conduit with stop valve before described, passing from the top part of the
interior, each communicating with one general conduit.
The next part of our apparatus is the Induction compressor, used for bringing the
cool air, intended to be converted into energized working air, into contact with the
highly heated energized air brought from the furnace. This apparatus is of a
rectangular trapezoidal shape enclosed on top and ends the inlet end has a smaller
sectional area than the outer outlet end, the space between varying regularly; on
the top of one end is the inlet passage, and at the top of the other end is the outlet
passage, the hot air enters at the top of the inlet passage and traverses the upper
part of the apparatus in the direction of its length, & escapes at the other end
through the outlet passage.
The bottom is perforated from end to end with a series of nozzles or mouths, so
formed as to receive the exterior air, and direct and deliver it into the interior of
the apparatus so that the direction of its current shall be parallel to the longitudinal
axis of the machine: the sectional area of each mouth increases as the series approach
nearer and nearer the end of the machine. The hot energized air from the furnaces
enters the machine by the inlet passage at the end, and the cool air from the
atmosphere enters the machine through the nozzles in the bottom, and both pass
along the machine, the former escaping by the outlet at the upper part of the
opposite end, goes to the regenerator, and the latter passing off by an outlet in the
bottom of the lower end goes to the motor machine or any other purpose to which
it is to be applied
When energized air of high tension is required either for the motor engine, or

page_text: even for the supply of air to the alternating furnaces before described, it may
preferably be compressed by successive stages either by means of different successive
compressor machines, or by different series of nozzles, in the same machine, so that
the partly energized air after compression in the first series may serve as feel air
in the second and succeeding stages: by this method working air very highly
energized may be obtained. The compressile energizing action of the compressile
air upon the working air, may be also increased by providing additional thrust or
re-action surface, and we effect this by forming the upper surface of the interior of
the Induction Compressor, with a series of inclined surfaces over and corresponding
to the series of nozzles underneath.
The Regenerator forms the next essential part of our invention; in shape this is
preferably cylindrical; metal skin, and fire-brick lining, A tube from the Induction
Compressor enters the head of the Regenerator, and communicates with a plate or
partition, into which is inserted a series of vertical tubes with open mouths, these
latter pass down the furnace terminating with open mouths in another plate or
partition at the bottom, which like the top communicates with an outlet pipe, which
passes into the open air, A tube communicating either with the atmosphere or
with some apparatus for forcing in air, enters at the bottom, above the partition
plate, and communicates with all the interotitial spaces between the aforesaid
vertical tubes: Another tube at the top, below the partition, communicates either
with the furnace, or with the air reservoir. The furnace is thus connected with the
Compressor, the Compressor with the Regenerator and the motor Engine: the
Regenerator with the air reservoir, and the latter again with the furnace, & the
passages between each may all be regulated by means of properly balanced valves.
The last part of our apparatus, is the Motor, or machine by which our energized
working air, after it leaves the Induction Compressor, converts its energy into work.
This machine may take many and various forms, according to its particular
application, and the kind of work required to be done, such as the Eolipile Engine,
similar and on the principle to that known as "Barkers Mill," or by a cylinder, and
piston, or by arrangements giving a large thrust surface, the latter being singularly
applicable for marine propulsion.
The leading feature however in the design of the machine should be, that its
motive parts are the fewest possible, so that the wearing effects of the heated
working air should be the least possible. For that purpose we prefer to adopt the
combination of parts used for producing the motion and work known as the Barkers
Mill principle, or Eolipile.
We have first the bed-plate or frame into which are fixed the plummer blocks
and bearings, in which the shaft revolves. The shaft is made hollow, having a
hollow boss or collar between the bearings, into which are fitted and fixed the open
ends: A series of radiating hollow arms or drivers, the other ends of these arms
are also open, and so curved as to deliver from the mouths any aeriform fluid or air
passing through them nearly at right angles to their mean radial direction: various
well-known means are adopted to make the few joints air tight.
The energized working air passes from the induction Compressor and enters the
hollow axle of the motor machine, and passes along the radiating arms, escapes at
the open mouth, and acting upon the external air, and being re-acted upon in return
gives motion to the arms, and the axle upon which they are mounted.

page_text: 4
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Thomas Charlton and James Wright in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 8th November 1882.
THOMAS CHARLTON and JAMES WRIGHT of 10 Cornhill in the City of London
Engineers
" IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF UTILIZING HEAT SO AS TO PRODUCE
FORCE AS MOTIVE POWER OR ENERGY AND ALSO IN THE APPARATUS AND APPLIANCES
FOR EFFECTING THE SAME
"
The object of our Invention consists in producing & energy within an aeriform
or fluid elastic medium and converting the said energy into a motive power so as
to perform work
We induce this energy or force within & among the molecules of the said fluid
medium by bringing it into contiguity with or into the vicinity of another similar
fluid elastic medium which has been previously raised to a high temperature &
tension
The medium to be energised we call the direct working medium the medium
with high temperature & tension we call the energizing compressile medium but
in some cases we use the high temperature compressile fluid as the direct working
medium without the colder energised medium The apparatus which we use to
carry our invention into effect consists of
(a) The Furnace wherein the heat is generated & imparted to the energising
medium
(b) The Induction Compressor where the hot energising medium comes into
contact with & energizes the colder working medium
(c) The Regenerator where the residual heat & energy is abstracted from the
energising medium after it has performed its function in giving energy to the
working medium coupled with a Receiver or Store from which the supply of fresh
air is furnished to the Furnace.
(d) The Motor Machine into which the energised medium is conducted & its
energy expended in driving the machine & doing any kind of work
The media we use both for energising & for working may be any of the well
known fluids, vapours gases or airs, or combinations of these, but in general &
preferably we adopt the common atmosphere & in the following description we
shall refer to them as the "working air" & the "compressile energised air
"
The fuel we make use of for generating the requisite heat in the furnace may
be any of those well known & either solid liquid or gaseous.
The shape size and arrangements of the furnace proper will vary according to
the quality of fuel we use the requirements of each kind of fuel being well known.
The air to be used for compressing & energising the working air has its
temperature raised to.a high point, within the furnace, & in direct contact with
the burning fuel & gaseous products of combustion. It is essential therefore for
our purpose that our furnace should in its interior be perfectly insulated & enclosed
from the exterior atmosphere
The Furnace is made of metal, iron or steel plates capable of resisting the
pressure to which it is to be subjected the inner skin is lined with fire brick
ganister or other highly refractory material capable of withstanding a great heat.
There is the usual grate, ashpit & air space underneath all capable of being made
air tight, when in use.
Above the fire-space the interior is divided by means of perforated fire brick
tiles or plates into numerous communicating passages; air tight doors are provided

page_text: for access to the ash pit & fire grate and air pit underneath. A safety valve & a
suitable glass sight to watch the combustion of the fuel is also attached: An open
movable chimney is inserted only to be used for kindling the fire at starting. A
pipe enters the upper part of the furnace & serves as a passage for the hot air from
the furnace A valve properly balanced is fixed to this conduit.
If only one
furnace is used & for some purposes this is enough but is much less perfect than
when two or more are used, the air is supplied by pressure or otherwise from some
outside source: the one valve fixed in the outlet pipe will be sufficient for general
use, but if we desire the furnaces to act alternatively & reciprocating we adopt
two three or more of them, all of which communicate with a general air supply
reservoir by means of a tube or tubes, or conduits opening into each furnace near
its fire space
Within each of the last named conduits preferably at the junction
with the furnace, is inserted a balanced valve with differential faces, so as to act
automatically alternately, shutting off or admitting the fresh air from the supply
reservoir to the furnace into which the other end enters the air reservoir. The
differential faces of the valves have their areas proportioned to the different
pressures of the air within the Furnace, so that as the tension of air inside
decreases through the escape of the air from the furnace, then the valve is so
arranged in the area of its face as to permit the outside air to pass within the
furnace and vice versa. Each furnace has also the conduit with stop valve before
described passing from the top part of the interior, each communicating with one
general conduit which may terminate in a hot air reservoir also fitted with
differential valves to act automatically, or when there is a series of furnaces, the
outlet pipe & conduit at the top of each is connected with a main branch pipe by
means of series of nozzles; each nozzle being in communication with each furnace
in the series but with no other. the hot air from each passes through the outlet
pipe & enters the main branch by the nozzle the current of each being directed
along the main branch which may terminate in a reservoir branch within which
the tension would become equable & regular instead of possessing the different
temperatures & tension of each furnace which are continually varying but which
by means of the differential valves may be so arranged that when one is at the
highest the other is at the lowest temperature & all the others may be
intermediately graduated
The next part of our apparatus is the Induction compressor used for bringing the
cool air intended to be converted into energized working air, into contact with the
highly heated energized air brought from the furnace
This apparatus is of a rectangular trapezoidal shape enclosed on top & ends,
the inlet end has a smaller sectional area than the outer outlet end, the space
between varying regularly on the top of one end is the inlet passage & at
the top of the other end is the outlet passage: the hot air enters at the top of the
inlet passage & traverses the upper part of the apparatus in the direction of its
length & escapes at the other end through the outer passage.
The bottom which is the most important portion of this apparatus is perforated
from end to end with a series of tapering nozzles so formed as to be open to receive
the exterior air & direct & deliver it into the interior of the apparatus in such a
way that the direction of its current shall be parallel to the longitudinal axis of
the machine: the sectional area of each mouth increases as the series approach
nearer & nearer the end of the machine. The hot energized air from the furnaces
enters the machine by the inlet passage at the end & the cool air from the
atmosphere enters the machine through the nozzles in the bottom & both pass
along the machine, the former escaping by the outlet at the upper part of the
opposite end goes to the regenerator, & the latter passing off by an outlet in the
bottom of the lower end goes to the motor machine or the thrust surface of a ship
or any other purpose to which it is to be applied.
When energised air of high tension is required either for the motor engine or
even for the supply of air to the alternating furnaces before described it may

page_text: preferably be compressed by successive stages either by means of different
successive compressor machines, or by different series of nozzles in the same
machine, so that the partly energised air after compression in the first series may
serve as feed air in the second & succeeding stages by this method working air
very highly energised may be obtained & the air of different tensions may be
drawn off through passages & used for different purposes, the principle of their
application being that the longer the colder air is kept under the action of the hot
air, the greater is the energizing effect produced & hence the oftener the surfaces
of the cool air & the heated air can be changed so that a fresh surface of cool air is
brought into contact with a fresh surface of hot air the greater & more speedy is
the action The compressile energizing action of the compressile air upon the
. working air may be also increased by providing additional thrust or re-action
surface & we effect this by forming the upper surface of the interior of the
Induction Compressor with a series of inclined surfaces over & corresponding to
the series of nozzles underneath.
The Regenerator forms the next essential part of our invention: in shape this is
preferably cylindrical metal skin & fire brick lining. A tube from the Induction
compressor enters the head of the Regenerator & communicates with a plate or
partition into which is inserted a series of vertical tubes with open mouths these
Jatter pass down the furnace terminating with open mouths in another plate or
partition at the bottom which like the top communicate with an outlet pipe
which passes into the open air. A tube communicating either with the atmosphere
or with some apparatus for forcing in air enters at the bottom, above the partition
plate & communicates with all the interstitial spaces between the aforesaid vertical
tubes. Another tube at the top, below the partition communicates either with the
furnace or with the air reservoir. The cyle of operations consists of-The Furnace
connected with the compressor by means of the conduit or outlet pipes & the main
branch as described above, the Compressor with the Regenerator & the Motor
Engine, the Regenerator with the air reservoir & the latter again with the furnaces.
The passage between each being regulated by means of properly balanced
differential valves.
The last part of our Apparatus is the motor, or Machine by which our energized
working air, after it leaves the Induction Compressor or converts its energy into
work. This machine may take many & various forms according to its particular
application, & the kind of work required to be done, Such as the Eolipile Engine,
similar & on the principle to that known as Barkers Mill" or by a Cylinder &
piston or by arrangements giving a large thrust surface, the latter being singularly
applicable for marine propulsion, in this last case we make use of the hot energising
air itself as the motor air, & the thrust surface the water under the ship.
"
The leading feature however, in the design of the machine should be that its
motive parts are the fewest possible so that the wearing effects of the heated
working air should be the least possible. For that purpose we prefer to adopt the
combination of parts used for producing the motion & work known as the "Barkers
Mill" principle or Eolipile
We have first the bed plate or frame into which are fixed the plummer blocks
& bearings, in which the shaft revolves. The shaft is made hollow, having a
hollow boss or collar between the bearings into which are fitted & fixed the open
ends. A series of radiating hollow arins or drivers, the other ends of these arms
are also open & so curved as to deliver from the mouths any aeriform fluid or air
passing through them nearly at right angles to their mean radial direction: various
well known means are adopted to make the few joints air tight
The energized working air passes from the Induction Compressor & enters the
hollow axle of the motor machine & passes along the radiating arms, escapes at
the open mouth & acting upon the external air & being re-acted upon in return
gives motion to the arms & the axle upon which they are mounted.
We make a practical air tight joint between the entrance to the Engine & the

page_text: conduit pipe leading from the Compressor through which the working air enters,
by turning on the end of the hollow boss round the axis to which the hollow
drivers are fixed a number of concentric rings or grooves; a corresponding number
of concentric projections are also turned on a flange or disc from the entrance of
the compressor or the end of the pipe through which the air enters, the engine, the
said projections fitting into the grooves so closely as nearly to touch & thus
making a practically air tight frictionless joint. This flange is held in position
by a standard or other device attached to the frame of the machine Otherwise
the nave of the machine is formed with a hollow trunk for the entrance of the air
having a number of grooves or projections turned on its end & a corresponding
number in a tube made in two points which are made to fit each other & are held
together by suitable bolts attached to the frame of the machine.
Having now set forth our Invention & described how & by what means we
carry it into practice we wish it understood that what we claim as new & desire
secured by the before in part recited Letters Patent are-
1st Energising by means of the induced energy of an aeriform body of high
temperature, a similar aeriform body of low temperature so as to make use of the
energised body for the purpose of performing work through the medium of any
machine or Engine or simply by pressure against a re-acting cold surface.
2nd The use of the energising & energised bodies, one or either apart or combined
for the same purpose.
3 In connection with the method of energising either body we claim-
(a) The single insulated furnace with its special valvular arrangements in com-
bination with the compressor herewithin described for the purpose of increasing
the temperature & energy of an aeriform fluid to enable us to use it for the
purpose of imparting a portion of its energy by compression & impulsion to
another similar body.
(b) We claim also the same combination as set out above (a) & for the same
purpose in further combination with the Regenerator & air reservoir herewithin
described & all their & each of their appliances & connections also herewithin
set forth
(c) We also claim the combinations set out in (a) & (b) & the further com-
binations of a motor or Engine which shall receive the energy stored in the
aeriforin body & convert it into work-
(d) We also claim the combination before recited (a) (b) & (c) & the further
combination by which the whole are joined with one another for the purpose of
completing the cycle of operations from the furnace to the furnace & permitting
the energy to be developed stored & converted into work done as herewithin
described
4 We claim the use of the alternating furnaces as within described & their mode
of action by means of the differential valves inserted in the tubes communicating
with the air reservoir outside, whereby they are made to act automatically &
intermittingly in accordance with the pressure of their internal air & gases & the
external air of the outside reservoir & as connected with such we further claim―
(e) The use of several of such said alternating & intermitting furnaces two three
or a series, and so arranged that the tension of the gases within each may be
arranged as here within described.
(f) We claim also the arrangement by which all the series of furnaces com-
municate each by separate pipes with the hot air main or chamber outside & the
arrangement of valves by which the tension of the air in the main chamber is
made equable & nearly constant although the tension of the air of each of the
furnaces may vary greatly from each other & also from that within the main as
herewithin described.
(5 We claim also the mode & method of forming an air tight joint with
frictionless packing in the machine we have called the Eolipile Motor when used
for giving off the motion acquired by the absorbed energy of a heated compressed

page_text: & energised aeriform body as herewithin described & set forth-In witness whereof
I the said Thomas Charlton and I the said James Wright have hereunto set our
hands & seals this eighth day of November 1882.
Signed sealed & delivered by
the within named Thomas
Charlton & James Wright
in the presence of
H. F. HIGGS
10 Cornhill
City of London
JAMES WRIGHT
(L.S.)