Improvements in Apparatus for Inducing the Flow of and Injecting and Spraying Gaseous and Liquid Fluids.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 27th Apr., 1891-Accepted, 30th May, 1891
CUMI LEIE DI DITUATION
Improvements in Apparatus for Inducing the Flow of and Injecting
and Spraying Gaseous and Liquid Fluids.
THE GASEOUS AND LIQUID FUEL SUPPLY COMPANY LIMITED of 25 Market
Street Manchester and BENJAMIN HOWARTH THWAITE of 37 Victoria Street
Liverpool Civil Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement :-
Our invention is more particularly intended to be applied for the induction
of air for combustion purposes, and for the induction, spraying, propulsion, or
expulsion of oils or liquid hydrocarbons preparatorily to their combustion or
oxidation.
By means of our invention, a forced air blast pressure can be established, along
with the inspiration or injection of the oil, in a most effective manner, and with a
minimum amount of air or steam utilised for such induction purposes.
In the most
simple form of our invention we use a trunk of a taper form, and formed of
galvanised iron or sheet steel.
We fix the injector head by means of a wrought iron ring with a single hollow
arm projecting to the centre of the blower trunk mouth, and having a stud or bolt
fitting into a socket provided in the wrought iron ring and bolted to the latter; by
this arrangement there is only one single structural element interfering with the flow
of air into the mouth of the trunk.
The smoothness of the surface of the sheet iron constituting the blower
trunk is far greater than that of cast iron, and this smoothness reduces the frictional
resistance of the air. When we desire to inject oil or liquid hydrocarbons along
with air, we fix an elbow to the end of the blower trunk to which we attach the
oil or liquid hydrocarbon injector so that the injected hydrocarbon spray flows along
with the injected air into the furnace combustion chamber, and the combustion
action is thus far more perfect.
Instead of steam for the induction of the air, we may use compressed air, by this
means we obtain with a small compression engine, sufficient air to obtain the perfect
combustion of the oil or liquid hydrocarbon.
In place of using a trunk for the injection of the air, we may combine an air
aspirator and an oil or liquid hydrocarbon aspirator side by side, the central lines of
the coned trunks converging to a common point, having its position in the centre
of a larger cone shaped trunk, which we internally line with refractory
material.
We may employ the aspiratory influence of the flow of air through the blower
trunk to induce a flow of oil, by providing an annular oil supply belt having emission
pipes projecting to the centre of the trunk.
In the application of our invention to high temperature steel and other furnaces
of the alternate recuperator and reversible type, we adopt the following arrange-
ment. Opposite the air ports at each end of furnace we provide an internally
refractory lined chamber attached to the side or end walls of furnace, and projecting
therefrom. In the centre of such chambers we form a cone shaped passage debouching
into the furnace at one of its ends, the other end of passage forming the ingress
opening for the supply of the oil spray.
The inlet orifice to passage is covered by means of a sliding plate, by which,
when the oil spray is turned off the inlet is closed, cutting off the connection between
the injector nose and the furnace, thus preventing the flame from issuing from the
furnace and damaging the injectors.
In order to obtain a complete diffusion of the oil spray and the air, we may rifle

page_text: chase the bore of the injector in such a way that the spray is subjected to a
revolutionary movement.
We provide the ends of the injectors with adjustable stuffing boxes, by which the
injectors can be examined and cleaned.
:
:
We will now describe the annexed illustrations, shewing the various modifications
of the apparatus constituting our invention, but before doing so, we wish it to be
clearly understood that we do not intend to be confined to the employment of the
exact details shewn, as they may be modified considerably without departing from
the nature of our said invention.
Referring to Sheet 1 of drawings it will be seen that Figures 1 and 2 represent
an annular jet injector arrangement, and Figures 3 and 4 are details of the central
jet injector.
In Figures 1 and 2, the steam or compressed air enters by pipe a, into an annular
space, surrounding a central hollow tube c the latter allowing a flow of air to be
induced. By the turning of the wheel handle & the central hollow tube is raised
or lowered as required, the latter movement effecting. the closing of the mouth of
injector, the steam or compressed air flows or escapes, in an annular ring form, at e,
aspiring the air into the head of the trunk f, which said trunk we preferably form
of galvanised or sheet iron.
The steam injector head is maintained in a central position by the projecting arm
or bracket g which is in its turn, bolted to a ring plate h attached to the head of
trunk f.
Referring to Figures 3 and 4, it will be seen that the central jet is formed by
the nozzle i, working through the centre of the latter there is a screwed needle or
spindle, the degree of opening of the nozzle orifice is thus regulated by the raising
or lowering of this spindle j, the threaded part of which works through an outer
bush k there being a second stuffing box / provided to prevent escape of steam and
maintain the spindle in the exact centre of the nozzle i.
The projecting arm m is hollow and whilst serving as a strong bracket, by which.
injector is kept in the centre of the trunk, it serves for the introduction of the
steam or compressed air, this bracket is attached by a strong bolt and nut to the
circular plate fixed to the upper end of blower trunk. This arrangement leaves
the opening into the mouth of trunk f practically clear.
In Sheet 2 of drawings Figures 5 to 13 shew sections and plans of various novel
arrangements of air inducing and oil spray trunk injectors. Figures 5 and 6 shew
respectively a vertical section of one arrangement. The oil is led into an annular
tube n, from which pipes o project pointing towards the centre of the trunk f; the
oil in spray form, issues from the pipes o and is carried on suspension to the
place of ignition. Sufficient pressure is maintained to prevent the oil spray from
firing back. The central jet steam injector head p, is fixed at the end of the
trunk.
Figures 7 and 8 shew respectively a vertical section and plan of another arrange
ment and is the form which we generally prefer to adopt.
2
The oil supply injector q is fixed at the bend r of the trunk f which we attach to
a special casting s lined with refractory material t. The steam or compressed air
injector is fixed at the head of trunk f
Figures 9 and 10 shew a modification of the arrangement of Figures 5 & 6.
Figures 11 12 and 13, shew details of an arrangement of oil spray and air
injectors fixed side by side in such a manner that the oil spray is injected in a
rotary direction into the trunk or cone-shaped chamber opening into the furnace,
by which the air and the oil spray becomes thoroughly diffused.
On Sheet 3 of drawings is represented details of our invention applied to the
firing of steel or other high temperature furnaces.
Figures 14, 15 and 16 respectively represent a section, a plan and a front
elevation of this arrangement.
The oil injector shewn in detail in Figure 15, is attached by a strong arm w,
in such a manner that it points opposite the corresponding orifices formed in the

page_text: sliding and in the fixed plates x, the latter or fixed plate forming the cover plate
of a box or chamber the latter being lined with refractory material.
This oil spray box is attached to the furnace at each end as shewn in Figure 18
Sheet 4 of drawings, the steam or compressed air is introduced into injector at 1
see Figures 14, 15 and 16, Sheet of drawings and Fig. 18 Sheet 4 of drawings
and flowing through the nozzle 2 aspires oil through inlet 3 and sprays it, also
inducing a flow of air through inlet pipe 4. The oil spray flows through orifice 5
When the flow of oil is
into cone shaped flue 6 debouching into furnace 7.
required to be transferred from one end of furnace to the other, the reversing
valves 8 and 9 are reversed, transferring the flow of oil and steam from one end
of furnace to the other at the same time the sliding plate x is drawn out in such
a way that the orifice 5 is covered, and the nose of the injector is thus preserved
from flame contact, any oil thus left inside injector falls into a special receptacle
and can be returned to the oil tank. The injector detail shewn by Figure 17
We effect this
Sheet 3 of drawings shews the rifle chasing of the injector bore.
rifle chasing for the purpose of giving a rotary direction to the flow of the oil
sprays..
Figures 19 and 20 Sheet 5 of drawings shew another modification, where 10 is
the oil spray injector, and 11 is the air inducing flow injector both injectors induce
an independent flow of air into special trunks 12 debouching at an angle of 90° into
a mixing chamber 13 where the air and oil spray become thoroughly mixed before
entering furnace 14.
By means of our invention the use of oil or liquid hydrocarbons is available for
existing steel furnaces, and the reversal of the ordinary reversing air and gas valves
can be made to actuate the steam and oil reversal valves.
By means of our invention we are enabled to aspire air and to effect the most
complete and smokeless combustion of the richest as well as of the commonest oils
in a most economical and effective manner.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that
what we claim is enumerated as follows:-
1st. The arrangement of injector head and trunk for aspiring or inducing the
flow of air substantially as shewn and described.
2nd. The combination of blower trunk and air aspirator with liquid hydrocarbon
aspirator in their various modifications substantially as shewn and described.
3rd. The arrangement of aspiration and inducing the flow of air and oil for high
temperature furnaces substantially as herein shewn and described.
Dated this 22nd day of April 1891.