Sash Fittings for Sliding Swing Sashes
Year: 1896

page_text: PROVISIONAL
Sash Fittings for Sliding Swing Sashes,
GARIBALDI HERBERT 9 Princes Road Tivoli Cheltenham Joiner and Draughtsman
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
An arrangement in the shape of a three knuckle hinge having three shutters, fixed
to the pulley styles, of sliding sash frames, enables the sashes to he swung into the
room for cleaning. This hinge when at rest and in position takes the form of a (T.)
on plan. It is let in flush and screwed into the bottom sash division of the pulley
style, one knuckle is situated at the internal angle of the stop bead, one half being
let into the pulley style and one into the stop bead in such a manner that the bottom
sash will slide without touching the knuckle, knuckle (No. 2.) is situated in the
rounded edge of the parting bead, knuckle (No. 3.) is situated in the pulley stile and
at right angles to it the distance from centre to centre of knuckles 2 & 3 being
about 1 inches; knuckles 1 & 2 are connected by a flange, which runs to the parting
bead and then returns at right angles and joins the knuckle in the edge of the
parting bead which is knuckle (2). The flange contains shutter (No. 1) which
revolves in knuckle (No. 1) shutter (No. 2) revolves in knuckle (No. 2) and is con-
tained partly in the return portion of the flange and the other portion in the cavity,
in the pulley, shutter (No. 2) also contains shutter (No. 3) which revolves in
knuckle (No. 3). The flange is screwed into the pulley stile flush, and about 2 inches
space should be allowed, from the top of the meeting rails, to the bottom edge of
the hinge; another hinge is placed about seven inches from the bottom edge of the
bottom rail, of lowes sash; (face plates about 24" long and 1" wide, and contains
about a hole, which is tapped to receive a thread on the screw fastener) is let in
flush and screwed into the sash stiles and in such a position, that the holes will
come level with the holes in the shutters, the ends of the face plates are
semicircular.
METHOD OF WOKING THE INVENTION
Is as follows, shutter (No. 1) after the lower portion, or the whole, of the stop
bead as been removed) is revolved from its resting place either top or bottom hinge,
say the top, the sash is then raised, so as to allow shutter (No. 1) of the bottom
hinge, to be brought out, the sash is then brought to its proper level, the fasteners
screwed in the lower portion of stop bead & parting removed, the sash line arranged
so that it can be easily detached, the bottom sash is then swung into the room, the
top sash is now brought down, shutter (No. 2) revolved against the sash stile, the
fasteners through shutter (No. 3) which is now swung out, the fasteners passing
through shutter (No. 2) and the shutter (No. 3) moying backwards.
DRAWINGS.

page_text: Fig. 3. No. 2. shows the elevation, but shutter No. 3, is parallel with shutter
(No. 2). Before the top sash can remove from its place it must revolve on
knuckle (No. 2) when it is out, the hinge is then thrown back, and the sash revolves
on knuckle (No. 3) Fig. 4. shows an additional knuckle at (A). and at (B.) without
shutter or knuckle (No. 3) in this case shutter (No. 2) would have to be solid.
Fig. 5. shows one half of the hinge with its flange reversed, Fig. 6. shows the front &
sectional elevation of the face plates. The portions marked 8 1.8 2. & 8 3. are shutters
No. 1. 2 & 3. F. is the fasteners & F. P. the face plates.
The size or proportion of the hinges, or any portion thereof, to be altered at
discretion; to suit the various kinds of sash frames, and size and weight of various
sashes. They are to be made in any kind of metal or combination of metals, & may
be pressed, wrought or cast.
The hinge may also be divided & made into two, placed one over the other, both
parts, having a flange the width of the division, the openings in the flanges being
no larger, than is sufficient for the movements of the shutters. This could, also
have the same effect given to it, if made in one piece, as if the two parts were placed
one over the other. The flange of the top sash, part of the hinge, may also have its
flange reversed so that it can be placed in the top sash division of the pulley stile,
and in this case shutter (No. 3) need not be limited in width by knuckle (No. 2.),
but if made wider it could not with any advantage be revolved, and if limited in
width by knuckle (No. 2) the parting bead would have to be cut through.
The special features of this hinge is its shutters & the movements of shutters 2 & 3.
The hinges have one thickness through-out, that is to say there are not two flaps to
every knuckle like ordinary hinges.
Dated this 21st day of October 1806
GARIBALDI HERBERT No. 9 Princes Road, Tivoli, Cheltenham, Joiner and
Draughtsman do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
An arrangement in the shape of two three knuckle hinges, also having three
shutters, with face plates and screw fasteners, fixed and used in the manner described
below; enables sliding sashes to be swung into the room, for cleaning and repairs.
CONSTRUCTION OF THE HINGES.
Each of these hinges has three knucles and three shutters. When at rest, and
in position, they take the form of a T. on plan; they are let in flush, and screwed into
the bottom sash division of the pulley stile. One knuckle is situated at the internal
angle of the stop bead one half being let into the pulley stile, and the other into
the stop bead, and in such a manner that it will not interfere with the free working
of the sash: see Fig. 1. No. 1. of those drawings filed with my Provisional
Specification, where, it will be seen, knuckle No. 1. is situated as described.
Knuckle No. 2 is situated in the rounded edge of the parting bead and coincides
with its plan, as shown in Fig. 1. No. 1. Knuckle No. 3. is situated in the pulley
stile behind the parting bead, where, a place is cut to receive it, see Fig. 1. No. 1.
where the hinge is shown in the form of a T. which form it takes when at rest.
Knuckles 1. and 2. are connected by a flange, coinciding with the bottom sash
division of the pulley stile and parting bead; this flange is about "thick: as

page_text: shown in Fig. 1. No. 1. Shutter No. 1. is conatined within the said flange, it is
about 2 high, its width being the distance between knuckle No. 1. and the
parting bead, shown open on plan in Fig. 2. No. 1. and in elevation at S. 1. Fig. 2. No. 2.
The said shutter revolves on the spindle of knuckle No. 1. Knuckles 2. and 3. are
joined by another flange, which is the same height as shutter No. 1. Knuckle No. 3
is the same height as the said shatter. The flange just described, together with
knuckle No. 3. is called shutter No. 2. it revolves on the spindle of knuckle No. 2.
and in its movement passes through the opening of shutter No. 1. The distance
between the centres of knuckles 2. and 3 is about 14". It should be understood, that
the flange of shutter No. 2. (on plan and when at rest) coincides with the plan of
that part of the other flange, which fits into the parting bead. Also that
knuckle No. 3. is so placed that a line drawn through the centres of knuckles 2. and 3.,
would be parallel to the flange of shutter No. 2. A portion of the parting bead is cut
away, to allow the said shutter to move into its place: as may be seen in Fig. 1. No. 1.,
where, about half of shutter No. 2. is in the pulley stile, behind the parting bead.
Shutter No. 3. is contained within shutter No. 2. it is about 1" high, and its width,
is the distance between knuckles 2 and 3: it revolves on the spindle of knuckle No. 3:
shown on plan at, S. 3. Fig. 3. No. 1, and in elevation at, S. 3. Fig. 1. No. 2. and
at, S. 3. Fig. 3. No. 2. Shutter No. 3. can open and close in one direction only;
because, the side opposite to the one on which it is hung, is made to fit knuckle No. 2.:
as shown on plan at, S. 3. Fig. 3. No. 1. This movement of shutter No. 3. is called
a backward movement.
5
The height of the hinge is about 4". The flanges and shutters are the same
thickness, and faceable. Face plates and fasteners are used for fixing the shutters to
the sash stiles. The face plates are about 24" long 1" wide and Athick; they are
made semicircular at the ends; the diameter of the semicircle, being full leaving
a bare fillet on each side of the plate. At the back, and in the centre, is a
block, thick and " side, made on the bevel. The plates are bored and tapped, to
receive the thread on the fasteners: the size of the hole would be from to ".
The face plates are shown in front and sectional elevations in Fig. 6. of those
drawings, left with the Provisional Specification also in plan at F. P. Fig. 1. No. 1.
The centre of each semicircle of face plates are bored and countersunk, to receive
screws for fixing. The fasteners, (consisting of a pin and head, see F. Fig. 2. No. 1.
and F. Fig. 3. No. 1.) are circular, and cylindrical. The pin which is about 1" long,
has a thread worked on it, and made, so that it will screw into the face plates: as
shown in Fig. 2. No. 1. and Fig. 3. No. 1. The head of the fasteners is about " long,
and in diameter where the head and pin meet, a shoulder is formed; see
F. Fig. 2. No. 1. and F. Fig. 3. No. 1. which holds the shutters of the hinges, fast
against the face plates; the head is shaped in such a manner, that a fillet about
is formed at the shoulder end, and "fillet at the other end: this fillet, has a milled
edge, see F. in Fig. 2. No. 1 and Fig. 3. No. 1. The depth of the shaping on the
inner side of the " fillet, should be a full ", and a scotia should be formed, from
the other fillet: as shown at F. Fig. 2. No. 1., and F. Fig. 3. No. 1. Holes are
bored through shutters No. 1. and 3. of the hinge, to allow the pin of the fastener,
to pass through them into the face plates; and the said holes are bored so that they
will come opposite to the holes in the face plates, when the latter are fixed in their
places: as shown on plan in Fig. 2. No. 1. and Fig. 3. No. 1. and the holes in
S. 1. and S. 3. in Fig. 1. No. 2, Fig. 2. No. 2. Fig. 3. No. 3.
METHOD OF USING THE HINGES, PLATES, & FASTENERS.
One of the plates is fixed with the top of its rounded edge, about level with the
under side of ineeting rails, and its side, coinciding with the fillet of the moulding:
as shown at, F. P. Fig. 1 No. 1. Another face plate is fixed with its bottom rounded
edge, level with the top of bottom rail. The top hinge can then be fixed with its
botton edge, about level with the top of meeting rails; the bottom hinge being so
fixed, that the holes in the shutters will come opposite to the holes in the face plates,
One of the plates is fixed with the top of its rounded edge, about level with the
under side of ineeting rails, and its side, coinciding with the fillet of the moulding:
as shown at, F. P. Fig. 1 No. 1. Another face plate is fixed with its bottom rounded
edge, level with the top of bottom rail. The top hinge can then be fixed with its
bottom edge, about level with the top of meeting rails; the bottom hinge being so
fixed, that the holes in the shutters will come opposite to the holes in the face plates.

page_text: If the lower sash should be bracketed, then the bottom edge of the top hinge should
be about level with the top of brackets, instead of the meeting rails. Having removed
the stop bead, or, a sufficient portion there-of, shutter No. I. of the top hinge must
be revolved, the lower sash raised, so that shutter No. 1. of the bottom hinge can
be revolved: the sash is then placed, so that the holes in the face plates, come
opposite to the holes in the shutters; the fasteners are then screwed into their places,
the stop bead removed on the opposite side the sash line detached, and the sash
swung inwards for cleaning: as shown in Fig. 2. No. 1, where shutter No. 1. is
shown out, and the fastener screwed into the sash stile; in Fig. 3. No. 1. it is shown
as swung out. The top sash must now be lowered, and shutters No. 2. revolved
against the face plates, the fasteners inserted and screwed up, the bottom portion of
the parting bead, on the opposite side, removed, the sash line detached, and the
sash revolved for cleaning. In Fig. 2. No. 1 shutter No. 2. is shown as revolved,
and the fastener screwed up. In Fig. 3. No. 1. the sash is shown swung round, with
shutter No. 3. open, and the head of the fastener having passed through the
It should be understood, that,
opening in shutter No. 2. and of shutter No. 3.
before the top sash can be swung out, it must first of all revolve on knuckle No. 2.,
until the sash stile is free from the outside lining, it is then thrown back revolving
on knuckle No. 3. shutter No. 3. opening and, at the same time, the head of fastener
passes through the opening occupied by S. 3. The elevation of the opening, through
It should be
which, the head of the fastener passes, is shown in Fig. 3. No. 2.
understood, that the head of the fastener, belonging to shutter No. 2. is limited
in its two directions. If the point of a pair of compasses, were placed in the centre
of knuckle No. 3, and a circle described, which would be tangential to the circum-
ference of knuckle No. 2.; then, it will be easily seen, that the head of the fastener
cannot extend beyond the circle; otherwise, it would not pass through the opening as
required.
The head of the fastener belonging to shutter No. 1. is limited in the direction of
its diameter, which if extended over ", would not pass the angle of the lining. For
the sake of uniformity both fasteners are made alike.
The hinge may have an additional knuckle situated at the angle of the inner
lining; in that case, it would not be necessary to have shutter and knuckle No. 3.;
which would then be a plain solid shutter No. 2.: as shown at B. Fig. 4, the extra
knuckle being shown at A. in the same Fig. 4, of those drawings filed with my
Provisional Specification.
With the use of the modification of the hinge described, the lower sash would he
able to be swung round parallel to the position which it occupies when in the sash
frame and the top sash would be at right angles to its former position; that is, if
there are no obstacles in the way. It should be understood that the extra knuckle
is the whole height of the hinge, while the other is the height of shutter No. 1.
Fig. 2. Sheet 2 (of those drawings filed with my Complete Specification,) illustrates
the sashes open, when worked by the modification described above Fig. 3. Sheet 1.
of the same drawings, shows the elevation of modification, as fixed in the pulley
stile and the shutters closed. The hinge may be divided, and made into two,
both parts having a flange the width of the division in this case, one part
would be placed under the other and the openings in the flanges need only be
sufficient to allow the shutters to revolve into their places: illustrated in Fig. 1.
Nos. 1 and 2. Sheet 1. of those drawings filed with my Complete Specification;
or, they could be made in one hinge, having the same form as that of one part
being placed under the other. If the hinge were made in two separate parts as
described, the plan of one part would be, knuckle and shutter No. 1. including
the flange up to the parting bend, and as shown in the upper portion of Fig. 1.
No. 2. Sheet 1. and the plan of the other part would be, knuckles and shutters 2. and 3.
including the flange up to knuckle No. 1. as shown in the lower portion of Fig. 1.
No. 2. Sheet 1. It will be understood that four hinges will be employed instead of
two, if made nocording to the plan just described. Again, that part of the hinge which
applies to the top sash, (that is to say, that portion of the hinge which would be used

page_text: with the top sash, when made in two separate parts, and placed one under the other,)
may have its flange reversed, so that it could be fixed in the top sash division of the
pulley stile: as shown on plan in Fig. 5. of the Provisional drawings and again, that
portion indicated and marked A. in Fig. 2. No. 1. Sheet 1. of those drawings filed
with my Complete Specification; and in elevation in the upper portion of Fig. 2.
No. 2 Sheet I. of the same drawings. The said flange could have its opening, to
allow shutter No. 2. to revolve into its place, which would be (in this case) in the
top sash division of the pulley stile: as shown on plan, indicated at A. in Fig. 2.
No. 1. Sheet 1. of the Complete Specification drawings, and in elevation in the upper
portion of Fig. 2. No. 2. Sheet 1. of the same drawings. Fig. 5. of the Provisional
drawing could also be applied to work the bottom sash by placing it in the bottom
sash division of the pulley stile, in this case, the stop bead would not require to be,
taken out, as the bottom sash would be worked on the same principle as the top
sash, that is to say, the knuckle which coincides with the rounded edge of the parting
bead, would then be placed in the stop bead, with the back of the knuckle Hush
with the inner edge of the stop bead. Also instead of the edge of the knuckle
being "from the face of pulley stile, it would have to be to the centre of the
knuckle. This modification is shown on plan, indicated by B. in Fig. 2 No. 1. Sheet 1.
and in elevation in the lower portion of Fig. 2. No. 2 of the same sheet, of the Complete
Specification drawings. It would be advisible not to place the two parts on the same
horizontal line, but to fix them as shown in Fig. 2. No. 2. Sheet 1. of the said
drawings. The object of fixing the two parts, in the manner described, is to avoid
weakening the pulley stile. The face plates would have to be adjusted to suit the hole
in the shutter, on account of the knuckle being brought out half a knuckle extra
from the face of the pulley stile. Instead of shutter and knuckle No. 1. (as herein-
before described, and illustrated in Fig. 1. Nos. 1. and 2. Fig. 2. Nos. 1. and 2.
Fig. 3. No. 1. and 2. of the Provisional dinwings). That minch of the hinge
illustrated in Fig. 5. of the same drawings could be added in place of it, which
would be required for working the bottom sash, without taking out the stop head;
as illustrated in Fig. 1. Sheet 2. of the Completé Specification drawings; this drawing
represents the sashes as swung open and the dotted lines shows the movements of the
shutters. An elevation of the modification of the apparatus just described is shown
at Fig. 4. Sheet 1. of the Complete Specification drawings, the illustration represents
the apparatus as closed and fixed in the bottom sash division of the pulley stile.
It should be understood that in using the modification of the hinge illustrated in
Fig. 5. of those drawings filed with my Provisional Specification, also at that portion
indicated by A. in Fig. 2. No. 1. Sheet 1. and the upper portion of Fig. 2. No. 2.
Sheet 1. of the Complete Specification drawings the parting head would be cut
through and a piece of it would be cut away the height of shutter No. 2. All
reference letters in the Complete Specification drawings indicate the same portions,
as the same letters do, in those drawings filed with iny Provisional Specification. The
method of working any of these modifications of the apparatus would be similar to
the working of the hinge proper: anyone understanding the way of fixing and
working the hinge described, would notice the little differences in any of the other
varieties mentioned.
The size, or proportion, of the sash fittings, or any portion thereof, to be altered
at discretion, to suit the various kinds of sash frames, and the size and weight of
different sashes, they may be made in any kind of metal, or combination of metals,
and may be pressed, wrought, or cast.
Explanation of those drawings, filed with my Provisional Specifications
Fig. 1. Nos. and 2 shows the plan and elevation of the hinges when at rest,
Fig. 2. Nos. 1 and 2. shows shutters Nos. 1 and 2, open, and the fasteners screwed
up, though as a matter of fact the fasteners cannot be screwed into the top sash,
until the bottom sash, is revolved from its place. Fig. 3. No. 1. shows the plan of
the hinge when the sashes are swung out. Fig. 3. No. 2 shows the elevation, with
the difference of shutter No. 3. being parallel, with shutter No. 2. Fig. 4. shows the
extra knuckle added at A, also shutter No. 2 without shutter and knuckle, No. 3. as at B.

page_text: shutter No. 2. being solid. Fig. 5. shows the one part of the hinge with its flange
reversed, and placed in the top Fash division of the pulley stile. Fig. 6. shows the
front and sectional elevations of the face plates.
The portions marked S. 1. S. 2. and S. 3. are shutters No. 1. 2. and 3. F. is the
fasteners, and F. P. the face plates.
METHOD OF FASTENING SASH CORDS TO SASHES.
The sash stiles to be grooved about halfway down. About " from the edge of
sash stiles, and about 2" from the lower end of grooves, bore holes from face to
back; the diameter of the holes being the size of a stout French pin. About 7" of
the ends of sash cords to be hammerei flattish, looped, and riveted: place the loops in
the grooves, and pass the French pins through sash stiles and loops. Care should
be taken, that the French pins do not project on either side of the sash stiles. When
the sash cords are detached from the sashes, they may be prevented from slipping
over the pulleys, by French pins being passed through the loops of the sash cords,
into holes in the pulley stiles.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1st. Improving the construction of apparatus for reversing sliding sashes by
constructing openings and shutters in the said apparatus, as hereinbefore described.
2nd. That construction of the openings and shutters of the said apparatus which
relates to the proportion, and positions in which they are placed in relation to one
another and to the other parts of the apparatus, as hereinbefore described and
illustrated in Fig. 1. Nos. 1. and 2 Fig. 2. Nos. 1. and 2. Fig. 3. Nos. 1. and 2. of
those drawings filed with my Provisional Specification.
3rd. That construction of the apparatus which makes that portion (hereinbefore
described as shutter No. 2. and marked S. 2. in Fig. 1. No. 2. Fig. 3. Nos. 1. and 2.
of those drawings filed with my Provisional Specification) to be so placed and
constructed that it may move from its place of rest in the pulley stile and parting
bead (shown on plan in Fig. 1. No. 1. and in elevation at S. 2. Fig. 1. No. 2.)
revolving on the spindle of knuckle No. 2. knuckle No. 3. passing through the opening
of shutter No. 1. and stopping against the top sash stile, shown on plan' in Fig. 2.
No. 1. and at S. 2. Fig. 3. No. 1. and in elevation at S. 2. Fig. 3. No. 2.
4th. That construction of shutter No. 2. which places a knuckle, (herein-before
described as knuckle No. 3. and shown on plan behind the parting bead in Fig. 1.
No. 1. and reversed against the top sash stile in Fig. 2. No. 1. Fig. 3. Nos. 1.'and 2.)
at the opposite end to the knuckle in the rounded edge of the parting bead herein-
before described as knuckle No. 2. Also that construction of the said shutter which
enables that portion of the apparatus hereinbefore described as shutter No. 3. (and
shown on plan at S. 3. Fig. 3. No. 1. and in elevation at S. 3. Fig. 1. No. 2. and S. 3
Fig. 3. No. 2.) to be contained within shutter No. 2. and to revolve on knuckle
No. 3.
5th. That construction of shutter No. 3. which allows the said shutter to open
and close in one direction, as shown at S. 3. Fig. 3. No. 1. where it will be seen the
said shatter revolves on the spindle of knuckle No. 3. the opposite end being fitted
to knuckle No. 2. the drawing showing the direction in which the shutter moves,
that is to say from knuckle No. 2. outwards, or backwards.
6th. The construction of that portion of the apparatus which makes the head of
the fastener, (that secures shutter No. 3. to the top sash stile,) to pass through the
opening in shutter No. 2. and of shutter, No. 3 illustrated in Fig. 2. No. 1. where
the head of the fastener is shown on the inner side of shutter No. 2. and in Fig. 3.
No. 1. as having passed throngh the opening. Figs. 2. and 3. mentioned are on the
Provisional drawing.
7th. That modified construction of that portion of the apparatus, hereinbefore

page_text: described and shown on plan at B. in Fig. 4. of the Provisional drawings and again
in Fig. 2. Sheet 2. of the Complete Specification drawings, where, shutter and knuckle
No. 3. is left out of the apparatus, leaving a plain solid shutter. Also that
construction of shutter No. 1, where an extra knuckle is added, as shown at A. in
Fig. 4. of the Provisional drawings, and in Fig. 2. Sheet 2. & Fig. 4. Sheet 1. of the
Complete Specification drawings. Also that construction and arrangement of the
openings and shutters in that modification, herein-before described, and illustrated in
Fig. 1. Nos. 1. and 2. Sheet 1. of the Complete Specification drawings, where the
apparatus is made in two parts, and fixed one under the other, or if it is made in one
piece, having the same form as that, of one part being placed under the other.
8th. That construction and arrangement of the openings and shutters in that
modification of the apparatus, herein-before, described, where that portion which
works the top sash, has its flange reversed, and fixed in the top sash division of the
pulley stile: shown on plan at Fig. 5. of the Provisional drawings and that portion
indicated by A. Fig. 2. No. 1. Sheet 1. and the elevation of the same Fig. 2 No. 2.
Sheet. 1. of the Complete Specification drawings. Also that modification hereinbefore
described, where that construction shown at Fig. 5. of the Provisional drawings, is
applied to work the bottom sash, as shown in Fig. 2. Nos. 1. and 2. Sheet 1. of the
Complete Specification drawing; the plan showing the knuckle being " from the
face of pulley stile to the centre of the said knuckle. Also that construction and
arrangement of that portion of the apparatus herein-before described where, instead
of shutter and knuckle No. 1. being used, (as shown in Figs. 1. 2. and 3. of the
Provisional drawings) for working the bottom sash, that portion of the construction
which coincides with the parting bead, shown in Fig. 5. of the Provisional drawings,
is joined to the flange and used in place of it, (as shown on plan in Fig. 1. Sheet 2.
and in elevation at Fig. 4. Sheet 1. of the Complete Specification drawings ;) it being
understood that the knuckle in the parting bead shown in Fig. 5. of
the Provisional drawings, would, when attached to the flange, in place of knuckle,
No. 1. have to be " from the face of pulley stile to the centre of the said knuckle.
Dated this 24th day of July 1897.
GARIBALDI HERBERT.