IMPROVEMENTS IN DIRECT ACTING PNEUMATIC HAKKERS FOR CRUSHING ORES, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Sholl, of Truro, in the County of Corn-
wall, Civil Engineer, for the Invention of " IMPROVEMENTS IN DIRECT
ACTING PNEUMATIC HAKKERS FOR CRUSHING ORES, AND FOR OTHER
PURPOSES."
Sealed the 14th September 1875, and dated the 18th July 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Sholl at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th July 1875.
I, CHARLES SHOLL, of Truro, in the County of Cornwall, Civil
3 Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN DIRECT ACTING PNEUMATIC HAMMERS FOR CRUSHING ORES,
AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows: —
This Invention consists,—
First. In the application of a combination of steam and confined air
fas masking the stemness by direct ection, the steam being used in an

page_text: shaft or head attached. The piston rod of the steam cylinder passes
directly into the air cylinder of the hammer through a stuffing box, and
is attached to a pneumatic piston reciprocating in the said cylinder, by
the action of which an air cushion is obtained between the lifting and
striking power of the hammer itself.
Secondly. The piston rod of the before-mentioned steam engine is
attached directly to the air cylinder instead of to the pneumatic piston,
and the air cushion is formed by the reciprocation of the said cylinder.
In this case the hammer shaft or head is attached to the pneumatic
piston. For cooling purposes in crushing ores a shower of water is 1
caused to flow constantly over the moving air cylinder, and escapes
through the upright slits in the casing, which forms a guide to the
same, and finally into the coffer. I work these direct-acting hammers
either in single coffers or any number in one, as may be desired, and
effect a steam communication with compound action with any or all the 1
cylinders. I also use compressed air, vacuum, or other motor that may
be used for the purpose of raising or depressing hammers or stamping
heads by direct action.
Another of my improvements has for its object the prevention of the
debris or pulverized material from rising in the upward motion of the 2
stamping stem and cutting the slides, which I obviate by making the
pneumatic cylinder and stamping stem in two parts, and uniting them
with a cross cotter. This arrangement also enables me to turn the stamp
head when worn.
In dealing with my hammers of the second class, namely, those whose 2
cylinders are actuated by a piston, rod, or crank I employ lignum vitæ,
a water jacket, or some other slow heat conducting material as a lining
for tho cylinder, so that the air when heated by compression may not
burn the packing leathers or heat the cylinder or other parts.
.
In using my improvements as a machine for boring deep wells I 8
attach the trepan instead of the hammer shaft to the air cylinder, and
raise and depress the same from the surface, and as a rock drill I place
he hammer on the steel jumper, and turn the same latterly by bevelled
cog wheels.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Charles Sholl in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 18th December 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, OHARLES
SHOLL, of Truro, in the County of Cornwall, Oivil Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of July, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the thirty-
› ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Charles Sholl, Her special licencs,
that I, the said Charles Sholl, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Charles Sholl, my executors,
administatrors, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
3 others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN DIRECT ACTING PNEUMATIC HAMMERS FOR CRUSHING ORĖS, AND FOR OTHER
PURPOSES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Charles
Sholl, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
3 in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Sholl, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement (that is to say) :-
The nature of my Invention consists,—
First. In the combination of steam and air cylinders for producing a
direct acting pneumatic hammer.
Secondly. In an improved mode of connecting the hammer or stamper

page_text: Thirdly. In improved modes of supplying water for cooling the
pneumatic cylinders.
And, Fourthly. In the application of my improvements in pneumatio
machines for rock boring and for deep well sinking.
And in order that my Invention may be fully understood and!
readily carried into operation, I will proceed to describe the accom-
panying Sheet of Drawings, reference being had to the figures and letters
marked thereon:
+.
"In Fig. 1 a is an inverted steam cylinder, in which is the piston 6 fixed
to the upper end of the piston rod c, at the lower end of which is fixed
the pneumatic piston & working in the air cylinder e. The piston rod
works through stuffing boxes in the lids of the steam and air cylinders.
The air cylinder e is guided in the casing f, which is open above and
below or in slides. The air cylinder is provided with two sets of orifices
to allow for the ingress and egress of the air, and these orifices are placed
at such a distance from the ends of the cylinders as to provide for the
cushioning of the air. The lower end of the air cylinder e is connected
to the stamper 9 by a cross cotter g' to enable the stamp head to be
turned half round when the edge is worn. The stem of the stamper
being of less diameter than the air cylinder itself allows the pulverised
débris to fall down by its own gravity instead of rising by adhesion to
the cylinder; the stamper works in the coffer in the usual manner.
In order to keep the pneumatic cylinder e cool, and to assist in
crushing or washing the ore, I provide a shower of water through per-
forations in the annular pipe at the upper end of the casing f, and this
water flows constantly over the said cylinder, and through upright slits
in the casing into the copper h.
The Drawing shews the parts in the positions they occupy when the
stamper has just fallen to crush the ore. As soon as the steam enters
at the under side of the piston 6 it begins to rise in the cylinder a, and
in rising the piston & lifts the air cylinder e with the stamper 9. At the
down stroke of the piston 6 the pneumatio piston & covers the lower
orifices in the air oylinder e, and compresses the air below it to give the
blow to the stamper.
· Fig. 2 represents; a modification of my Invention. In this arrange-

page_text: Thirdly. The improved modes of supplying water for cooling the
pneumatic cylinder, and for washing the ore.
Fourthly. The improved mode of connecting the steam and air
cylinders of pneumatic hammers or other machines, as shown and
described in reference to Fig. 4.
And, Fifthly. The application of my improvements in pneumatic
machines for rock boring and for deep well sinking.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Sholl, have hereto set
my hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of December, One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-five.