IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR RAISING, LOWERING, AND MOVING HEAVY BODIES, AND FOR OPERATING PUNCHING MACHINES AND THE FEED MOTION OF CIRCULAR AND OTHER SAWS
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS. PATENT to James Alfred Limbert, of Gravesend, in the
County of Kent, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
OR APPARATUS FOR RAISING, LOWERING, AND MOVING HEAVY BODIES, AND
FOR OPERATING PUNCHING MACHINES AND THE FEED MOTION OF CIRCULAR
AND OTHER SAWS."
ealed the 23rd July 1869, and dated the 1st February 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Alfred
Limbert at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 1st February 1869.
I, JAMES ALFRED LAMBERT, of Gravesend, in the County of Kent,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
N. MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR RAISING, LOWERING, AND MOVING HEAVY
BODIES, AND FOR OPERATING PUNCHING MACHINES AND THE FEED MOTION OF
CIRCULAR AND OTHER SAWS," to be as follows:-
The Invention relates to improvements upon an Invention for which
Letters Patent were granted to me, dated the 21st March 1867, No. 822,
and consists, firstly, in cheapening the construction of pulley blocks
of a similar character to those described in the Specification of the
Price Bd1

page_text: before-mentioned Patent. For this purpose I form the fixed wheel with
a hole in its centre to fit a concentric portion of the axis or eccentric
carrying the moveable wheel, so as to maintain the fixed wheel in a
proper central position with respect to the other gearing, and I form
such fixed wheel with lugs, ears, or projections to fit the frame of the
block, which I cast or otherwise form in one piece. The cars, lugs, or
projections on the fixed wheel may be formed so as to clip both sides
of suitable parts of the frame, or so that some may clip on one side of
some parts with both sides of other parts, or on one side of sonie
parts and others on the opposite side of other parts of the frame.
In some cases, when lugs are used some of which clip on one side of
some parts and others on both sides of other parts, such fixed wheel and
the gearing are pushed up into position in the frame, and the pin or
axis of the block is then passed therethrough, set screws being sometimes
employed to assist in holding the fixed wheel securely in position.
Or in some cases the fixed wheel is passed up through an enlargement
in the frame, and then moved sideways in the direction of the axis, so
that the cars, lugs, or projections shall come into the desired position
on one or both sides of parts of the frame, when the hand wheel is passed
up into position and is connected by a clutch to the axis or eccentric
around which the moveable wheel works. In some cases the clutch
is so formed that the hand wheel becomes engaged with the eccentric
by simply passing it up into the frame, whilst in other cases it requires
also to be moved a short distance in the direction of the axis, when a
collar will be required to fill the space left between the hand wheel and
the frame. In other cases all the gearing and the hand wheel are
passed up into the frame at once and then shifted endwise, so as to bring
the fixed wheel into its proper position, a washer or collar being employed
to occupy the space left between the lifting chain wheel or the hand
wheel and the frame. Instead of a washer being employed the pin or
axis of the block may be larger in diameter at one end to act as a collar
to keep the gearing in position; and in order to allow the lifting and
hand chains to come off at an angle without catching the sides of the
frame I form the frame at those parts suitably inclined.
The Invention also consists in various modifications of the pulley
blocks shown and described at Figures 4, 7, and 9 of the before-
mentioned Specification, so as to facilitate the obtaining of various powers,
some of which will allow the weight to run down when not otherwise
prevented, whilst others will retain the weight at any height unless the

page_text: pulley is operated by the attendant. For this purpose I form the fixed
wheel or the lifting chain wheel with one or more rings of teeth, which
may be either internal or external or both, to take into corresponding
rings of teeth formed on the moveable wheel which revolves around an
axis or eccentric revolving around the axis of the pulley block. One
of the rings of teeth on the moveable wheel may take into a pinion or
ring-of- teeth which is capable of being connected or disconnected by
clutch or otherwise with the hand-chain. wheel, such hand chain wheel
being capable of being connected or disconnected with the axis. or
eccentric around which the moveable wheel rotates.
The various powers
may be obtained when desired by moving either the hand wheel, the
pinion, the fixed or non-rotating wheel, or the lifting chain wheel along
the axis of the pulley into and out of gear with some of the parts.
When a running down motion is required the gearing is arranged so that
the moveable wheel is in gear on opposite sides of its centre with wheels
or rings of teeth, one of which is fixed and the other revolves, but when
blocks are required with motions to prevent the weight running down
except where the hand wheel is operated upon then the moveable wheel
is in gear on one side of its centre of motion with two rings of teeth, one
of which is fixed and the other revolves as before mentioned. Or the
same result may be obtained by the moveable wheel being in gear with
two wheels on one side of its centre, one of such wheels being fixed and
the other moveable, and with one rotating wheel on the other side of its
centre.
For screw jacks I employ differential gearing of a somewhat similar
description to that claimed in my Patent before referred to, but in order
to obtain a quick speed when desired, I arrange the parts so that when
required: the fixed wheel may be disconnected from the framing and
locked with the moveable wheel and the bevilled wheel giving motion
to the screw nut so that they may all revolve together. For a rack and
pinion jack a similar arrangement of gearing is..employed giving motion
to a pinion taking into the rack on the stem of the jack.
The Invention also relates to improvements upon punching machines.
For this purpose I employ a somewhat similar arrangement of gearing
to that described in the Specification before referred to, but instead of
arranging it on the top of the punch and causing it to operate a screw as
before I mount it at the back of the punch and cause it to operate
eccentric or other gearing connected with the punching tool.

page_text: The arrangements of gearing before described are also applicable with
slight modifications to operating the feed motions of circular and other
saws, in which case I by preference dispense with the teeth and employ
frictional driving surfaces of a conical form. Or, instead of allowing the
moveable wheel to revolve on its axis as before, I prevent such wheel
from revolving by means of a plate working in guides, two of which
are carried by the moveable wheel and two by the framing, and I cause
such moveable wheel to gear direct with a wheel carried by the drum of
the feed motion.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James Alfred Limbert in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 31st July 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
ALFRED LIMBERT, of Gravesend, in the County of Kent, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by her
Letters Patent, bearing date the First day of February, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-
second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said James Alfred Limbert, Her
special licence that I, the said James Alfred Limbert, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said James Alfred
Limbert, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR RAISING, LOWERING, AND
MOVING HEAVY BODIES, AND FOR OPERATING PUNCHING MACHINES AND THE FEED
MOTION OF CIRCULAR AND OTHER SAWS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said James Alfred Limbert, my executors
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or
one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
.

page_text: Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Alfred Limbert, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say:-
The Invention relates to improvements upon an Invention for which
Letters Patent were granted to me, dated the 21st March 1867, No. 822,
and consists, firstly, in cheapening the construction of pulley blocks of
a similar character to those described in the Specification of the before-
mentioned Patent. For this purpose I form the fixed wheel with a hole
in its centre to fit a concentric portion of the axis or eccentric carrying
the moveable wheel, so as to maintain the fixed wheel in a proper
central position with respect to the other gearing, and I form such fixed
wheel with lugs, ears, or projections. to fit the frame of the block, which
I cast or otherwise form in one piece. The ears, lugs, or projections
on the fixed wheel may be formed so as to clip both sides of suitable
parts of the frame, or so that some may clip on one side of some parts
with both sides of other parts, or on one side of some parts and others
on the opposite side of other parts of the frame. In some cases, when
lugs are used some of which clip on one side of some parts and others
on both sides of other parts, such fixed wheel and the gearing are
pushed up into position in the frame, and the pin or axis of the block
is then passed therethrough, set screws being sometimes employed to
assist in holding the fixed wheel securely in position. Or in some
cases the fixed wheel is passed up through an enlargement in the frame,
and then moved sideways in the direction of the axis, so that the ears,
lugs, or projections shall come into the desired position on one or both
sides of parts of the frame when the hand wheel is passed up into
position and is connected by a clutch to the axis or excentric around
which the moveable wheel works. In some cases the clutch is so
formed that the hand wheel becomes engaged with the excentric by
simply passing it up into the frame, whilst in other cases it requires
also to be moved a short distance in the direction of the axis, when a
collar will be required to fill the space left between the hand wheel and
the frame. In other cases all the gearing and the hand wheel are passed
up into the frame at once and then shifted endwise, so as to bring the
fixed wheel into its proper position, a washer or collar being employed

page_text: to occupy the space left between the lifting chain wheel or the hand
wheel and the frame. Instead of a washer being employed the pin or
axis of the block may be larger in diameter at one end to act as a collar
to keep the gearing in position; and in order to allow the lifting and
hand chains to come off at an angle without catching the sides of the
frame I form the frame at those parts suitably inclined.
The Invention consists, secondly, in various modifications of the
pulley blocks shewn and described at Figures 4, 7, and 9 of the before-
mentioned Specification, so as to facilitate the obtaining of various
powers, some of which will allow the weight to run down when not
otherwise prevented, whilst others will retain the weight at any height
unless the pulley is operated by the attendant. For this purpose I form
the fixed wheel or the lifting chain wheel with one or more rings of
teeth, which may be either internal or external or both, to take into
corresponding rings of teeth formed on the moveable wheel which
revolves around an axis or excentric revolving around the axis of the
pulley block. One of the rings of teeth on the moveable wheel may
take into a pinion or ring of teeth which is capable of being connected
or disconnected by clutch or otherwise with the hand chain wheel, such
hand chain wheel being capable of being connected or disconnected
with the axis or eccentric around which the moveable wheel rotates.
The various powers may be obtained when desired by moving either
the hand wheel, the pinion, the fixed or non-rotating wheel, or the
lifting chain wheel along the axis of the pulley into and out of gear
with some of the parts.
The Invention relates, thirdly, to screw jacks. I employ differential
gearing of a somewhat similar description to that claimed in my Patent
before referred to, but in order to obtain a quick speed when desired I
arrange the parts so that when required the fixed wheel may be
disconnected from the framing and locked with the moveable wheel
and the bevilled wheel giving motion to the screw nut, so that they may
all revolve together. For a rack and pinion jack a similar arrangement
of gearing is employed giving motion to a pinion taking into the rack
on the stem of the jack.
The Invention relates, fourthly, to improvements upon punching
machines. For this purpose I employ a somewhat similar arrangement
of gearing to that described in the Specification before referred to, but
instead of arranging it on the top of the punch and causing it to

page_text: operate a screw as before I mount it at the back of the punch and cause
it to operate eccentric or other gearing connected with the punching
tool.
The Invention relates, fifthly, to the application of the arrangements
of gearing before described with slight modifications to operating the
feed motions of circular and other saws, in which case I by preference
dispense with the teeth and employ frictional driving surfaces of a
conical form. Or, instead of allowing the moveable wheel to revolve on
its axis as before, I prevent such wheel from revolving by means of a
plate working in guides, two of which are carried by the moveable
wheel and two by the framing, and I cause such moveable wheel to
gear direct with a wheel carried by the drum of the feed motion.
And in order that my Invention may be more clearly understood
and readily carried into effect, I will proceed, aided by the accompanying
Drawings, more fully to describe the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is a plan of the frame of a pulley block constructed
according to the first part of my Invention in which such frame a is
cast or otherwise formed in one piece; Figure 2 is a back view of the
fixed wheel b, which I form with a hole b* in the centre thereof bored to
fit a concentric portion c¹ of the axis or eccentric around which the
moveable wheel c revolves, as shown in some of the following Figures of
the Drawings. The fixed wheel b is provided with lugs, ears, or
projections b', b, so that it may be first passed up through the enlarged
opening a in the frame and then pushed sideways into the position
shewn by the dotted lines in Figure 1, when the lugs, ears, or projections
6 will clip both sides of the cross bar a³, and the lugs, ears, or projections
6 will clip on both sides of the parts a³ of the frame.
Figure 8 represents a section of a pulley block in which the fixed
wheel b and frame & are constructed as above described and showing all the
parts in position, by which it will be seen that after the fixed wheel b and
lifting chain wheel d and parts connected therewith are placed in
position, as before described, the hand chain wheel e is passed up into
position, and the shaft or axis f of the pulley block is passed therethrough
and secured in its place. When a clutch e of a similar character to
that shown at Figure 4 is employed the hand chain wheel e may be

page_text: simply passed up into gear with the clutch g without the necessity for
employing a washer, but when any other form of clutch is employed by
which it is rendered necessary to slide the hand chain wheel or other
parts in the direction of the axis f to place the two parts of the clutch
into gear with each other, then a washer his employed to fill up the
space left between the parts and the frame, as shown at Figure 5.
At Figure 6 another form of frame a is shown, in which a fixed
wheel b, formed as shown at Figures 7 and 8, is passed up at one end of
the enlarged space a', and then moved in the direction of the axis, so that
the lugs, ears, or projections 6 will fit against the under side of the
parts a, and the lugs, ears, or projections 63 will fit against the upper
sides of the parts a*.
At Figure 9 I have shown a section of a pulley block constructed
with a frame and fixed wheel of the form shown at Figures 6, 7, and 8,
and in which case a washer his employed to fill up the space left
between the frame and the lifting chain wheel d; or if desired instead of
employing separate washers has shown and described an enlargement f¹
may be formed on the pulley block axis f, as shown at Figure 10, to
answer a similar purpose.
At Figures 11 and 12 I have shown a slight modification of the frame
and fixed wheel in which the lugs 6 are fixed at the sides instead of at
the back thereof, as shown at Figures 7 and 8.
At Figure 13 I have shown a frame a, and at Figure 14 a back view
of a fixed wheel b, which in this case is with the other parts simply
passed up direct into position in the frame, Figure 13. After the pulley
block axis is passed into position the fixed wheel bis further secured by
the set screws a. In order to allow the chains from the lifting and hand
chain wheels to come off at an angle without catching the sides of the
frame a, I form the frame at the parts a suitably inclined, as shown
more clearly at Figure 15.
I will now proceed to describe the second part of my Invention, in
the various views of which similar letters of reference are employed to
indicate like parts.
Figure 16 is a cross section, and Figure 17 is a sectional side view
of a pulley block constructed according to this part of my Invention.
a is the frame, and b is the axis of the pulley block; c is the fixed
wheel with a ring of internal teeth c¹; d is the moveable wheel with
three rings of teeth d₁₂ d³ d'; e¹ is a pinion formed on or fixed to
2

page_text: the hand chain wheel e which is capable of being moved on the axis b
so as to bring the pinion e' into gear with the internal teeth d of the
moveable wheel d, as shown in the Drawings, or such pinion e¹ by
moving it with the hand chain wheel e in the opposite direction may be
put into gear with the clutch f formed on the axis or eccentric f around
which the moveable wheel & revolves. The teeth d take into and
receive motion from the teeth c¹ of the fixed wheel c, whilst the ring of
teeth d³ take into the teeth g formed on or fixed to the lifting chain
wheel g. h is a pin or key to hold the hand chain wheel e in either of
the two positions before mentioned. By these means a fast or slow speed
may be given to the pulley block, as desired, neither of which will allow
the load to run down except as operated by the attendant.
Figure 18 is a section of a similar arrangement of pulley block to that
just described except that the pinion e' does not slide along its axis, but
the hand chain wheel e is capable of being moved along the axis 6 and
connected by a clutch e with the axis or eccentric f, or of being con-
nected by a clutch e³ with the pinion e³.
In this
Figure 19 is a cross section, and Figure 20 is a sectional side
view of a pulley block having two motions, one of which will allow
the load to run down if not prevented by the attendant.
case the fixed wheel c is provided with two rings of teeth c³, c³, the
teeth being capable of taking into an internal ring of teeth d¹, and
the teeth c of taking into the teeth d³, according to the position to
which the fixed wheel is moved along its axis, the position of the
parts as shown in the Drawing providing a motion which will not
allow the load to run down when not otherwise operated by the
attendant. When the ring of teeth care working with the teeth d¹ the
teeth c will be thrown out of gear with the teeth d³. By making the
teeth internal and the teeth dexternal teeth a two motion block will
be obtained neither of which motions will allow the load to run down
unless operated by the attendant.
Figure 21 is a cross section of a pulley block in which two powers,
one of which will not run down, are also obtained by a slight modifi-
cation of the parts. In this case instead of employing a second ring c
of teeth on the fixed wheel ca second ring g' of external teeth is
formed on the lifting chain wheel g to take into internal teeth d¹ on
the moveable wheel d, the lifting chain wheel g in this case being
capable of sliding to-and-fro on the axis 6, so as to bring its teeth g¹

page_text: org into gear with the teeth or d' on the moveable wheel d, as
required. By making the teeth g internal teeth and the teeth d
external teeth two motions will be obtained, neither of which will allow
the load to run down except as operated by the attendant.
Figure 22 is a section of another modification, but in this case the
teeth gare external and the teeth g² internal, taking into one or other of
corresponding rings of teeth d', d, formed on the moveable wheel d. In
the position of the parts shown in the Drawing a running down motion
is obtained, whilst by sliding the lifting chain wheel 9 on its axis and
placing the teeth g² in gear with the teeth d a motion which will not
allow the load to run down is obtained.
Figure 23 is a section of another pulley block in which three
different powers may be obtained, only one of which will allow the
load to run down. In this arrangement the hand chain wheel e is
provided with two clutches es, e, so that it may by sliding it in the
direction of the axis b be connected either with the tube f to which
the axis or eccentric f is keyed, or with the wheel e* on which are
formed the pinion e¹ and the clutch e'. The fixed wheel c in this case
is also capable of being moved in the direction of the axis b, so as to
bring the teeth c¹ into gear with the teeth &, or to connect it with the
clutch e', the fixed wheel and the hand chain wheel being moved along
the axis b, and being retained in the position .desired by any suitable
means.
The position of the parts as shown by the dotted lines in the Drawing
is that the parts would assume when a running down motion is
required.
I would here remark that when a running-down motion is required
the gearing is arranged, as will be seen by reference to the Drawings,
so that the moveable wheel is in gear on opposite sides of its centre
with wheels or rings of teeth, one of which is fixed and the other
revolves, but when blocks are required with motions to prevent the
weight running down except where the hand wheel is operated upon
then the moveable wheel is in gear on one side of its centre of motion
with two rings of teeth, one of which is fixed and the other revolves, as
before mentioned; or the same result may be obtained by the moveable
wheel being in gear with two wheels on one side of its centre, one of
such wheels being fixed and the other moveable, and with one rotating
wheel on the other side of its centre.

page_text: Figure 24 is a vertical section of a screw jack constructed according
to the third part of my Invention. a is the screwed stem of the jack
which receives motion from the female screw formed in the bevilled
pinion b, which takes into and receives motion from a bevilled pinion c
revolving loosely on the shaft or axis d; and motion is given to such
bevilled pinion c in the following manner:-A handle is applied to the
outer end of the shaft or axis d, and upon such shaft or axis is formed
or mounted the eccentric e, around which the moveable wheel f revolves.
This moveable wheel ƒ by its teeth takes into and receives motion
from the fixed wheel g when the parts are in the position shown in the
Drawing, and by its teeth f takes into and gives motion to the teeth c¹
formed on the -bevilled pinion c; but when a quick speed is required, then
the fixed wheel g instead of being locked to the frame h by the teeth.g³
is by sliding it on the axis d locked by the teeth g₁ both with..the
moveable wheel f, and with the bevilled pinion c, when a quick speed will
be obtained.
"
Figure 25 is a section of a punching machine or bear having the
fourth part of my Invention applied thereto, in which a similar arrange-
ment of gearing to that last described is .employed to give motion..to
the punch k by an eccentric / formed on or fixed to the shaft or .axis.d
upon which the wheel c is fixed, but in this case I have not shown a
quick speed attached thereto.
Figure 26 is a sectional end view of a circular saw bench having the
fifth part of my Invention applied thereto. a is the saw spindle on which
the pulling-up or feed drum b is mounted. This drum b receives motion
in the following manner from the saw spindle a:-Upon the saw spindle a
is fixed an eccentric c, upon which is mounted a moveable wheel d,
which receives a rotary motion from the fixed wheel e, and this moveable
wheel d imparts motion by its internal frictional surface to the wheel f,
which is by a clutch capable of being connected or disconnected with
the pulling-up drum b as desired.
Figure 27 is a sectional end view of a circular saw bench showing a
slight modification of the gearing, similar parts being marked with
similar letters of reference to those employed in Figure 26, but in this
case the frictional driving surfaces are of a different form, and the
moveable wheel d is in gear with the fixed wheel e and driving wheel f
on the same side of its centre of motion, suitable means being employed
to keep the driving surfaces in contact.

page_text: Figure 28 shows a circular saw bench in which another modification
of the gearing is adopted. In this case the pulling-up drum b is
mounted on an intermediate shaft g, and receives motion in the following
manner: On such shaft g is mounted a cone pulley h, which is driven
by a strap from a cone pulley on the saw spindle a.
Upon the shaft g
is mounted an eccentric c, upon which is mounted a wheel d, which,
however, in this case is prevented revolving around its axis by a link or
arim d, the upper end of which slides in a suitable guide or slot in
the framing. The wheel d gives motion to the wheel e, as shown, by
suitable frictional driving surfaces.
"
Instead of preventing the wheel d from rotating as above, this may
be effected by the arrangement shown at Figure 29, in which a plate d'
having four projections do thereon is employed, two of which slide in
guides carried by the wheel d, and two in guides carried by the
framing.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the
mode in which I carry the same into effect, I would have it under-
stood that I do not confine myself to the precise details herein shown
and described; but what I do claim is,-
Firstly. The various combinations and arrangements of the parts of
pulley blocks whereby the cost of their construction is reduced, sub-
stantially as shown and described with reference to Figures 1 to 15 of
the Drawings annexed.
Secondly. I claim the various combinations and arrangements of the
parts of pulley blocks, substantially as shown and described with respect
to Figures 16 to 23 of the Drawings annexed, so as to facilitate the
obtaining of various powers, some of which will allow the weight or
load to run down whilst the others will retain the weight or load at any
height unless the pulley is operated by the attendant.
Thirdly. I claim the combined arrangement of gearing applied to
screw and rack and pinion jacks, substantially as herein shown and
described.
Fourthly. I claim the improvements in punching machines, substan-
tially as herein shown and described.
6411 ↑ claim the novel combinations and arrangements of
And, Gly
↑ claim the novel combinations and arrangements of 3

page_text: parts for operating the feed motion of circular and other saws, substan-
tially as herein shown and described.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Alfred Limbert, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Thirteenth day of July, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-
nine.
J. A. LIBERT. (L.8.)