IMPROVEMENTS IN SUPPLYING GAS TO RAILWAY CARRIAGES, STATIONS, STEAMBOATS, AND OTHER VESSELS, OMNIBUSSES, OR OTHER CARRIAGES AT ANY REQUIRED PRESSURE, PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Newall, of Bury, in the County of
Lancaster, Railway Carriage Builder, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN SUPPLYING GAS TO RAILWAY CARRIAGES, STATIONS, STEAMBOATS, AND
OTHER VESSELS, OMNIBUSSES, OR OTHER CARRIAGES AT ANY REQUIRED PRESSURE,
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Newall at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
March 1862.
I, JAMES NEWALL, of Bury, in the County of Lancaster, Railway Carriage
Builder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS. IN SUPPLYING GAS TO RAILWAY CARRIAGES, STATIONS, STEAMBOATS, AND
OTHER VESSELS, OMNIBUSSES, OR OTHER CARRIAGES AT ANY REQUIRED PRESSURE, AND
IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
I use a vessel or cylinder of any convenient shape or dimensions to com-
press gas by means of water or other suitable liquids previous to its being
conveyed to its destination for use. To the said vessel or oylinder I attach
a water guage, a gas feed pipe for supplying the same, another pipe for supplying
the compartments or places, a water gauge, a water exit pipe, a supply pipe
for conveying the water into the said vessel to compress the gas. I first fill
the vessel or cylinder with water from high-pressure water pipes to drive out
the atmosphere or any impure air; I then open the water exit valve or tap to let
the water out, and then admit gas into the vessel or cylinder to supply the partial
vacuum created by the exit of the water. When the water is nearly all run out,
and the vessel or cylinder is full of gas, I close both the water exit valve or tap,
and also the gas valve or tap. To compress the gas, I then admit water at

page_text: any necessary pressure, which may be supplied from different sources, as an
elevated tank or reservoir, street water mains, force pumps or other suitable
means. When I have compressed the gas into the vessel or cylinder, I pass it
into a suitable holder fixed in any convenient part of a carriage, compartment,
cabin or place required, and I then apply suitable valves or apparatus to
reduce the gas from high pressure to any ordinary burning pressure that may
be required either for heating or lighting purposes.
For warming or heating railway carriages, or other places, I place a small
cylinder or other shaped vessel in any convenient part of the carriage, compart-
ment, cabin, or other required place, and fix a jet or burner inside thereof to
be lit when necessary; the heat from the said small vessel with the burning
gas inside will warm the room or compartment where so placed. Of course
I fix a pipe in any proper position to give the necessary ventilation.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Newall in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
20th September 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
NEWALL, of Bury, in the County of Lancaster, Railway Carriage Builder, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-fifth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said James Newall, Her special licence that I, the said James
Newall, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said James Newall, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
SUPPLYING GAS TO RAILWAY CARRIAGES, STATIONS, STEAMBOATS, AND OTHER VESSELS,
OMNIBUSSES, OR OTHER CARRIAGES AT ANY REQUIRED PRESSURE, AND IN APPARATUS
CONNECTED THEREWITH," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said James Newall, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed

page_text: in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Newall, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement (that is to say):-
I use a vessel or cylinder of any convenient shape and dimensions to
compress gas by means of water or other suitable liquids, previous to its being
conveyed to its destination for use. To the said vessel or cylinder I attach a
water gauge, a gas feed pipe for supplying the same, another pipe for sup-
plying the compartments or places, a water gauge, a water exit pipe, a supply
pipe for conveying the water into the said vessel to compress the gas. I first
fill the vessel or cylinder with water from high-pressure water pipes to drive
out the atmosphere or any impure air. I then open the water exit valve or
tap to let the water out, and then admit gas into the vessel or cylinder 'to
supply the partial vacuum created by the exit of the water. When the water
is nearly all run out, and the vessel or cylinder is full of gas, I close both the
water exit valve or tap, and also the gas valve or tap. To compress the gas
I then admit water at any necessary pressure, which may be supplied from.
different sources, as an elevated tank or reservoir, street water mains, force
pumps, or other suitable means. When I have compressed the gas into the
vessel or cylinder, I pass it into a suitable holder fixed in any convenient part
of a carriage compartment, cabin, or place required, and I then apply
suitable valves or apparatus to reduce the gas from high pressure to any
ordinary burning pressure that may be required, either for heating or lighting
purposes.
For warming or beating railway carriages or other places I place a small
cylinder or other shaped vessel in any convenient part of the carriage, com-
partment, cabin, or other required place, and fix a jet or burner inside thereof
to be lit when necessary; the heat from the said small vessel, with the burning
gas inside, will warm the room or compartment where so placed. Of course
I fix a pipe in any proper position to give the necessary ventilation.
As in the accompanying Drawings the apparatus is shewn as applied to
railway carriages, it may be necessary to state that the vessel or cylinder in
which the gas is compressed by means of water or other suitable liquid is
stationary, and may be fixed at any place most convenient for supplying the
carriages as required, either at certain stations as now used as depôts for the
supply of water to the engines, or, if necessary, at every station. The same
observations will apply to omnibuses and other carriages, but it is evident that

page_text: for steamboats or other vessels one 'stationary holder in each vessel will be
sufficient.
The manner of carrying out my said Invention into practical operation
will be clearly understood by reference to the accompanying two Sheets of
Drawings, in which the same letters of reference represent the same parts in
all the Figures.
:
In Sheet 1, Fig. 1 is an end elevation of the stationary vessel or cylinder,
shewing the water guage; Fig. 2, a plan, and Fig. 3, an end view of the same,
shewing the inlet for the water, and Fig. 4, a side view, with the necessary
fittings.
In Sheet 2, Fig. 1 represents the interior of a railway carriage, with a
portable flexible gasholder, and centre and partition roof lamps, with. appa
ratus, also, for a light in the guard's van; Fig. 2 is a side view of a partition
light; Fig. 3, a side view of a roof lamp, and Figs. 4 and 5, peculiarly
formed flanges for carrying or supporting the lamps, and which allow them to
be removed for cleaning from the inside of the carriage,' instead of from the
top or outside, as hitherto adopted.
:
a represents the stationary gasholder; b, the water inlet for filling the gas-
holder with water; c, a tap to allow the escape of foul air whilst the holder
is being filled with water; d, a tap for letting off the water; e, a tap to admit
the gas; f, a water guage to indicate the height of water and quantity of
compressed gas; 9, an outlet tap for supplying the portable flexible holders in
each train with gas by means of the flexible pipe or pipes h; attached either
to the tap 'g, or to any other tap which may be placed at any convenient point
or points on the ground; i is the portable flexible gas holder; which may be
placed in
any convenient part of a railway carriage, steam, or other vessel, or
place to be lighted; the top or lid of the said holder being weighted, or made
of the required weight to give the necessary burning pressure. I put bands
of iron, or other suitable metal, at certain distances from each other round
this flexible holder, as shewn in the Drawings, to make it fall uniformly on
all sides as the gas is consumed; ; is a tap to admit gas from the stationary.
holder, or, if preferable, from an ordinary gas main by means of the flexible
tube h; k is a pipe connected to the portable flexible holder i, and to the
pipes fixed in any convenient position for supplying the lights with gas; 1,1,
are two reserve boxes, placed at any convenient place on the roof of each
railway carriage, or at any suitable place, in a boat or vessel, or other.place to
be lighted, but must be placed between the flexible holder and the lights;
the said reserve boxes contain a supply of gas to prevent the lights being
extinguished by any reaction of the flexible holder; m, m, are flexible pipes

page_text: with union or other suitable couplings to attach and detach the carriages; the
said pipes being of sufficient length to curve downwards between the carriages
to allow for the expansion or contraction of the buffers.
The peculiar forms of lamps for preventing the lights being extinguished or
interfered with by unauthorized persons, and the flanges for supporting the
same, and allowing them to be taken out and replaced from the inside of the
carriage instead of the top or outside, as heretofore, are shewn at n, Figs. 1,
2, 3, 4, and 5, Sheet 2.
Having thus fully described the nature of my said Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, I desire it to be understood
that I consider these my improvements to be an extension or perfecting of the
Patent granted to Edward Dering, of Lockleys, in the County of Herts, dated
the Twenty-eighth day of January, One thousand eight hundred and fifty--
seven, Number 258, of which I am now the sole proprietor, and I claim as
new in this my present Patent,-
First, compressing the gas in the stationary holders with water, or other
suitable liquid, by which I am enabled to supply a train with the necessary
amount of gas in an incredibly short space of time.
Secondly, the reserve boxes to prevent the lights being extinguished by any
re-action of the flexible holder..
Thirdly, the peculiarly formed flanges by which the lamps are supported,
and the attendants enabled to remove them from the inside of the carriages.
And, fourthly, the general arrangement of apparatus for lighting railway
carriages, steam or other vessels, and omnibusses or other carriages with gas, as
herein described and illustrated in the accompanying two Sheets of Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Newall, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of September, in the year
of our Lord, One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
Signed, sealed, and delivered
by the within-named James
Newall, in the presence of
E. J. HUGHES,
Patent Agent,
Manchester.
JAMES NEWALL. (L.8.).