matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF COPPER ROLLERS OR CYLINDERS FOR PRINTING FABRICS
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Morris at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd July 1858.
I, JOHN MORRIS, Manager at the "Broughton Copper Works," Salford, in
the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
COPPER ROLLERS OR CYLINDERS FOR PRINTING FABRICS," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to reduce the weight, and thus the cost of
copper rollers or cylinders used for printing fabrics, and still retain all the
advantages which belong to those of the ordinary construction and thickness;
and my Invention consists,-
Firstly, in constructing such rollers or cylinders so that when finished
portions of the interior bore will be enlarged, the metal removed from the
enlarged parts of the bore reducing the weight, while the parts remaining of
the smaller bore will give the required strength. This is accomplished by
first boring out the roller or cylinder to fit the usual size of mandrill, and
then enlarging the bore at each end, leaving a part of the middle untouched,
and by fixing at each end a copper ring (bored to fit the mandrill), which is
inserted by pressure, and secured by closing over a portion of the end of the
roller or cylinder, or by other means. Or the rollers or cylinders are first
formed and finished in the ordinary manner, and then portions of their
interiors are bored or turned out, so as to reduce their weight, and thus leave
them perfectly solid, same as ordinary rollers or cylinders.

page_text: My Invention relates, secondly, to a method of fixing, supporting, or
strengthening copper rings in thin rollers or cylinders for printing fabrics,
and consists in forcing such rings in their respective places by pressure at the
time such rollers or cylinders are expanded by heat. After the rings are fixed,
the rollers or cylinders may be placed in the machine, to cut rings to the
exact bore required to fit the mandrill and to form the "nib" or part which
fits in the groove formed in the mandrill.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF A CERTAIN DESCRIPTION OF PAPER, AND IN THE MACHINERY CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1858

page_text: the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Haigh at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th March
1858.
I, WILLIAM HAIGH, of Reddish, in the County of Lancaster, Paper Maker,
do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF A CERTAIN DESCRIPTION OF PAPER, AND IN THE MACHINERY
CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
My improvements relate principally to the coarser quality or commoner
descriptions of paper (such as that commonly called "brown paper,") and
consists in so treating one or both surfaces of a common paper as to impart
thereto the "finish" appearance of a better class of paper; in order to effect
which I propose to coat or cover, or as it is termed "enamel," the surface or
surfaces of common paper, either with sulphate of barytes, white lead, china
clay, or other similar and well-known substance as a body which may be
tinted or colored to any shade desired, and applied to such surfaces by means
of brushes or rollers, or both combined. The paper may be made in rolls of
indefinite length, and coated with the enamel or glazing medium, and sub-
sequently polished by being passed between and submitted to the action of an
arrangement of calendering rollers, the surface being polished by the surfacing
or polishing calendering roller revolving at a higher speed than the other, and

page_text: when finished may be cut up into suitable lengths or sheets for printing
or other purposes; or, if preferred, the paper may be made in sheets and the
enamel may be applied during the manufacture of the paper and afterwards
polished by machinery.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING MOULDS AND MOULDING BOXES FOR CASTING METAL OR OTHER MATERIALS
Year: 1858

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Ryder at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd April
1858.
I, WILLIAM RYDER, of Bolton-le-Moors, in the County of Lancaster, Spindle
and Flyer Maker and Ironfounder, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING MOULDS AND MOULDING BOXES FOR
CASTING METAL OR OTHER MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
In preparing moulds according to my Invention, I make use of two patterns.
or two sets of patterns. One portion of each set of patterns is sunk in a bed
of sand, cement, or other suitable material; the patterns being thus prepared,
transfers are taken, which are used as moulds or beds to contain the patterns;
a moulding box is placed over each transfer, and sand is rammed into the
moulding boxes, as usual; the moulding boxes are then removed and united
together, the one forming the bottom box and the other the top box; by this
meaus a mould is prepared into which the metal or material is run. Any
number of moulds may be thus prepared without removing the patterns from
the transfer. In some cases patterns in parts may be used, or the whole of
the pattern may be in one box.
My improvements in moulding boxes cousist in an improved mode of making
and attaching the pins and the sockets they fit into to the boxes. Instead of
fixing the pins to a flange cast to the upper moulding box, and making the

page_text: sockets in flanges cast to the lower box, as now customary, I cast or attach
the pin to a flange which is bolted to the upper moulding box, and I make the
socket in another flange which is bolted to the lower box, by this means the
pin and the socket can be easily adjusted to each other, and repairs are
facilitated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BALLS OR PROJECTILES
Year: 1858

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Garden Nicol at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
January 1858. A communication from A. M. Aitken, of Singapore.
I, GEORGE GARDEN NICOL, of 37, New Broad Street, in the City of London,
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
BALLS OR PROJECTILES," to be as follows:-
this
This Invention has for its object improvements in balls or projectiles. For
purpose each ball or projectile is cast or formed partly cylindrical and
partly conical. The hinder or cylindrical portion is made of such diameter as
to fit the barrel of the gun or piece of ordnance, allowing as little space for
windage as may be. The forward end is formed conical, and on the surface
of such conical end the ball or projectile is cast or formed with grooves in a
direction inclined to the longitudinal axis of the ball or projectile. One side
of each groove is perpendicular or nearly so to the axis of the ball or projectile,
the,other side of each groove is curved. It is preferred that each ball or pro-
jectile should be formed with three such grooves on its conical end, though
this number may be varied. As a ball or projectile such as is above described
is propelled through the air, the pressure of the air on the upright side of each
inclined groove will tend to cause the ball or projectile to rotate about its
longitudinal axis, and a like effect will be obtained to that which results when
using rifled barrels.
AN IMPROVED NECKCLOTH OR TIE, MEANS OF CONNECTING TIES TO COLLARS AND BANDS, AND AN IMPROVED COLLAR
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Xavier Boutteville at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
September 1858.-A communication.
I, XAVIER BOUTTEVILLE, of Paris, in the French Empire, Merchant, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED NECKCLOTH
OR TIE, MEANS OF CONNECTING TIES TO COLLARS AND BANDS, AND AN IMPROVED
COLLAR," (communicated to me from abroad,) to be as follows:-
My improved neckcloth or tie is composed of a band or collar, the ends of
which are brought round to the front of the neck, and terminate in two loops,
by preference of metal, which loops are permanently or otherwise attached to
the band or collar. The tie or band, which is used to form the bow or knot
in front, consists of a strip of silk or other material sufficiently long to form
the required bow or knot. It is passed through the two loops, and the ends
are brought back to tie the bow or knot.
The means of connecting ties to collars and bands consists in fixing perma-
nently or otherwise two loops, by preference of metal, to the collar or band,
through which loops the tie is to be passed, the two ends being brought
towards each other to tie the bow or knot.
My improved collar is intended to form a turn-down collar; it consists of
three parts. The central part forms the band round the neck, and has con-
nected to it, near the ends, the loops herein-before named; the lower third is

page_text: turned up over the central or band piece, while the upper third is turned
down over both the band piece and the lower third. A very neat turn-down
collar is thus produced, and the tie neatly fitted thereto without being carried
round the neck.
A NEW AND IMPROVED MACHINE FOR SWEEPING CARPETED AND OTHER FLOORS
Year: 1858

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescrive
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lucius A. Bigelow at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th June
1858. A communication.
I, LUCIUS A. BIGELOW, of 133, High Holborn, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW
AND IMPROVED MACHINE FOR SWEEPING CARPETED AND OTHER FLOORS," a com-
munication, to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of a box open at the bottom, containing the requisito
brushes and motive machinery, by the drawing which along a carpeted room
by means of a suitable handle the carpet is swept and the dust, collected in
two suitable placed dust pans, herein-after mentioned.
The chief novelty in this Invention is that the brush is put in motion by
means of a cogged or toothed wheel, derives its rotory motion from its being
one of the wheels on which the apparatus rests; when, therefore, the machine
is moved along the floor in the proper direction, the toothed wheel rolls along
the carpet, gives motion to the pinion and brush, and enables the carpet to be
swept without permitting any dust to enter the the room.
The arrangement of the machine is as follows:-The box is provided with
a handle similar to a broom handle, working on a swivel joint; a cylindrical
brush is mounted on pivots in the side of the box at right angles to the
direction in which it is required to sweep; a dust pan, having a lip level with

page_text: the floor, and coming underneath the brush, is placed at the removeable end
of the box that is in front during the action of sweeping; a second dust pan to
receive the lighter particles as they are carried round by the brush is placed
near its binder portion in contact with the whole width of its surface. The
whole machine works on and is supported by a swivel castor and two wheels,
loose on the same axis, one of which at least is cogged and gives motion to
the brush, the swivel castor being in the rear.
The action of the machine is thus:-When it is pushed along the unswept
carpet by the handle the cogged wheel rotates, giving motion to the pinion on the
spindle of the brush, and to the cylindrical brush itself in a direction contrary
to that of the progression of the box and much faster than that progression,
thus enabling it to act in the most favourable way upon the carpet and at once
to sweep all dusty particles and extraneous matter into the pan; should there
be any lighter particles than ordinary which the lipped pan fails to catch, they
are carried round and deposited in the second dust pan. A vertical screen is
placed in contact with the brush above the first pan, and a hinged flap with
hook and staple to fasten it is placed over the second and smaller dust pan, to
facilitate its removal when necessary.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN STOVE GRATES
Year: 1858

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry William Wimshurst at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
July 1858.
I, HENRY WILLIAM WIMSHURST, of Wilmot Road, Dalston, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN STOVE GRATES," to be as follows:-
My Invention of an improvement in stove grates relates to that kind of
stove grate in which the fuel is supplied from below to the fire, and the fresh
fuel is pushed up among the incandescent or burning coals, where it becomes
caked, and the smoke and gases that escape therefrom become consumed
before they can escape. The supply of fresh fuel from below has usually been
effected by means of a deep box, which is provided with a moveable bottom
that acts as a piston and as a support for the fuel; by gradually raising this
piston as the fuel burns away, the fresh coal is forced up amidst the burning fucl,
and supplies the placo of that which has been consumed. The raising of this
piston is effected by means of racks and pinions, scrows, or other contrivances,
all of which however are expensive to make and liable to derangement.
By my improvement I dispense with the use of the box below the
fuel, and also of the gearing for raising the piston, and in place thereof
I adapt to the front part of the grate, below the level of the front bars, a
box or hopper in which the fresh fuel is placed. This hopper communi-
cates with a space at the bottom of the grate, and is provided in front
with a hinged cover, which is capable of being vibrated on its hinges; and

page_text: when it is desired to supply fresh fuel to the fire, it will only be necessary
to push down the hinged cover into the box, and the fuel will be thereby
forced up in the space in the grate. The space or box containing the fresh
fuel only occupies the central part of the bottom of the grate, the spaces at
each side thereof being provided with grate bars as in ordinary fire grates.
It will therefore be seen that as the fresh fuel is pushed up amongst the
burning fuel, the cinders and ashes from the latter will be pushed on one side
and allowed to fall through or between the grate bars.
The hinged cover is worked by means of the poker or a rod provided for the
purpose, and as it is only necessary to move it to and fro on its hinges, it will
be evident that all gearing and complicated mechanical contrivances for moving
the said cover, which is, to a certain extent, equivalent to the piston of the fuel
box of former stove grates may be dispensed with. The fuel box or hopper
in front of the grate may be covered up and hidden from sight by radiating
reflecting bars or other contrivances, as is usual in stoves of this description,
care being taken to provide for convenient access to the fuel hopper when it is
required to supply fresh fuel to the fire.
AN IMPROVEMENT FOR TAKING LIFE-SIZE PICTURES FROM SMALLER PICTURES, EITHER WITH OR WITHOUT THE AID OF PHOTOGRAPHY
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Philip Christian Stortz at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd October
1858.
I, PHILIP CHRISTIAN STORTZ, of Havelock Buildings, Bold Street, Liverpool,
in the County of Lancaster, Photographer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT FOR TAKING LIFE-SIZE PICTURES FROM
SMALLER PICTURES, EITHER WITH OR WITHOUT THE AID OF PHOTOGRAPHY," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in taking and tracing life-size pictures from smaller
negative or positive pictures in the most simple manner.
Place a double or single lens with camera so that the lens is turned in a
dark room; place a transparent positive or negative image against the day-
light. In the dark room is placed on an easel a cardboard, canvas, glass, or
paper, on which will be seen the image on a large scale. If the image is
negative take Indian ink or any color, pencil, or chalk, and fill up all white
lines and designs, which, when seen in daylight, will produce an exact image
of the smaller one. If it appear positive on the canvas, take the same ink or
color, but do only the outlines, which will produce the same effect, or in
rendering the surface of the said cardboard, canvas, glass, or paper sensitive
to light, an image by protographic means may be produced.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REGISTERS FOR INDICATING THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE, AND THE TIME OF ARRIVAL AND DEPARTURE, OF WORKMEN OR EMPLOYEES
Year: 1858

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Timothy Harris at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th July 1858.
I, BENJAMIN TIMOTHY HARRIS, of Brooklyn, in the State of New York,
United States of America, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN REGISTERS FOR INDICATING THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE, AND
THE TIME OF ARRIVAL AND DEPARTURE, OF WORKMEN OR EMPLOYEES," to be as
follows:-
I make use of a registering surface of paper or similar material that is
moved by clockwork, and in connection with this I use a row of pins or
equivalent devices standing at right angles to the line of motion of the
registering surface. Each employee or workman has one of these pins
assigned him, by number or otherwise, and each time he comes to work he
operates said pin or instrument to make a mark on the said registering
surface, and he also makes a similar mark on leaving work; hence, the space
between each alternate pair of marks, caused by the motion in time of said
registering surface, indicates the number of hours and minutes the workman
was employed. In connection with this registering device I make use of a
perforated plate or its equivalent, behind which black and white or dissimilar
surfaces or devices are alternately exposed to view, to indicate the presence or

page_text: absence of the employee or workman, by inspection. Slides, levers, latches,
and buttons are made use of to operate the said registering pins and the
indicating devices, and the said registering and indicating devices may be
always used together or separately, according to the wants of the employer.
Thus the correct registration of the time occupied and the presence or
absence of the employees is placed upon themselves, and cannot be disputed
by them.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PLATING OF SHIPS AND FLOATING AND OTHER BATTERIES, TO RENDER THE SAME SHOT-PROOF
Year: 1858

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Westwood, at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th June
1858.
I, JOSEPH WESTWOOD, of London Yard, Isle of Dogs, Poplar, in the County
of Middlesex, Ship Builder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PLATING OF SHIPS AND FLOATING AND OTHER
BATTERIES, TO RENDER THE SAME SHOT-PROOF," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to cover the exposed parts of the hull of
wooden and iron ships, and also of batteries with plates of iron or steel of
sufficient thickness to resist the percussive force of heavy shot. This I propose
to do by the use of rebated plates, which will enable me to form secure lap
joints. In covering the exposed parts of the hull of wooden ships with these
plates, I use screw bolts for securing them in place, but for iron ships I prefer
the use of rivets. By rebating the adjoining plates, and getting a good lap, it
will be understood that one row of screw bolts or rivets will suffice, in place of
two, as ordinarily used to make good one joint, and thus an important saving
in the cost of plating a vessel will be effected. To prevent the shot from
striking the bolt heads, I propose to sink them in the bolt holes in the plates,
instead of bringing them flush with the face of the covering plates. Instead
of bolting the plates directly to the planking or plates of the ship, or of the

page_text: floating or other battery, I propose to bolt or secure thereto in parallel lines or
nearly so
shaped angle iron to receive the lines of rebated plates,
or
and by means of their flanges, form with the plates overlapping joints, and hold
the plates securely in position. The outer heads of these bars of iron I propose
shall not come flush with the outer face of the plates, but shall form with the
adjoining plates a recess, sufficiently narrow, however, to prevent any shot that
may hit the edges of the adjoining plates striking the retaining bars. By this
arrangement the lines of bolts employed for retaining the outer covering
plates in position will be protected by those plates, and there being no bolt-
holes through the plates, the risk of their splitting from the percussive force
of shot will be greatly diminished.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PROPELLING SHIPS OR VESSELS
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Pringle at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th February
1858.
I, GEORGE PRINGLE, of Prestonpans, in the County of Haddington, North
Britain, Blacksmith, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PROPELLING SHIPS OR VESSELS,"
to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to the construction of paddle wheels, screw propellers,
oars, and other apparatus of a generally similar kind for propelling ships,
boats, and other buoyant vessels through the water.
Under one modification this Invention as applied to paddle wheels consists
in the so arranging the float boards or propelling surfaces, that a superior pro-
pelling hold upon the water is obtained. In the ordinary paddle wheel each
float board is attached to its carrying arms in a plane parallel with the radial
direction of the arms. In the improved paddle wheel the float boards are
arranged upon their respective carrying arms at an acute angle therewith, the
apex of this angle being in the direction of the ship's motion, whilst the open
end of the angle is towards the stern of the vessel. The action of a paddle
with its float boards arranged in this angular manner will resemble that of a
hoe entering the ground, in which implement the blade is placed at an acute
angle to the handle. Paddle wheels constructed upon this principle gain
thereby a considerable increase of leverage and buoyant power. In applying

page_text: the improvements to oars for rowing, a supplementary propelling surface is
attached to the extremity of the blade, so as: to increase the hold of the oar
upon the water. The secondary propeller is attached to the extremity of the
blade of the oar, so as to project. outwards in front of the blade, and at an
acute angle thereto. Vessels may be propelled also by means of a wheel con-
structed with angular float boards or propelling surfaces in lieu of the ordinary
screw propeller; or such a wheel may be used in conjunction with the screw
propeller, in order to counterbalance its resistance to the engine, and thereby
lessen the power necessary to drive the propeller.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR THE PREVENTION OR CURE OF SMOKY CHIMNEYS
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Martin at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th May
1858.
I, JOHN MARTIN, of Newman Street, Oxford Street, in the County of
Middlesex, Joiner and Foreman to Messrs. Graham, Jackson, and Graham,
Oxford Street, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR THE PREVENTION OR CURE OF
SMOKY CHIMNEYS," to be as follows:-
I form in the upper part of the stove or the fire-place, or lower part of the:
flue, a moveable plate or cover, inclining upwards from front towards the
back, and in the back of the stove or fire-place I apply a moveable plate
extending inwards to within a short distance of the inclined plate, and so as to
be overhung by it. This moveable plate is placed so as to leave a chamber or
passage behind it, and there is an opening or openings from the passage thus
formed to the apartment under the grate bars. By these means in case of
downward draft, such draft, in place of passing into the fire-place, will either
pass down the channel behind the back moveable plate or down the upper
surface of the upper inclined plate. At the same time the channel through
from the apartment up behind the back moveable plate will serve to create
an upward current, and thereby neutralize the tendency to a downward oue.
By having the respective plates moveable, facility is given for cleaning the
chimney. I also form the chimney-pot or upper part of the flue internally and
alternately on opposite sides thereof with inclined plates projecting over and at
a distance from each other, the inclination of the respective plates being such as

page_text: to facilitate the upward current for the smoke, whilst any downward current
of air will be conducted through channels provided for that purpose above each
inclined plate externally of the chimney-pot or flue, and thus be prevented
interfering with the upward current. I affix the inclined plates on axes to
facilitate cleaning of the same.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN PREPARING COLORING MATTER FOR DYEING
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Burton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th November
1858.
I, WILLIAM BURTON, of the firm of Burton and Garraway, of Bethnal
Green, in the County of Middlesex, Orchil, Cudbear, and Extract of Indigo
Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PREPARING COLORING MATTER FOR DYEING," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in preparing coloring matter
for dyeing; for this purpose, I take a preparation of orchil, obtained in the
usual manner by treating orchilla lichen with ammonia; this preparation is
dried and reduced to powder, and is then boiled or treated with naptha, after-
wards it is separated by filtration and dried; when this substance is employed
in dyeing, oxalic or other acid and ammonia are used with it; or in place
of this process, the preparation of orchil is treated with alcohol, ether, or
chloroform, which dissolves the coloring matter, and the dye bath is prepared
from the extract thus obtained.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF COVERING COTTON, WOOLLEN, AND OTHER THREAD WITH SILK, AND IN THE APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1858

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Armand Gilbee at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th July 1858.-A communication.
I, WILLIAM ARMAND GILBEE, of No. 4, South Street, Finsbury, London,
Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF COVERING COTTON, WOOLLEN, AND OTHER THREAD
WITH SILK, AND IN THE APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be as follows, that
is to say:-
The object of the Invention is the preparation of a thread having the
appearance and answering the purpose of silk thread, by covering thread of
any textile material with silk direct from the cocoons, by which an economy of
silk is effected.
I employ a basin or vessel containing water, in which the cocoons are
placed, and which wind round a thread of cotton, wool, or other fibrous sub-
stance from a bobbin placed in front of the vessel; the thread enters the water
and passes out through the cocoons, being guided by an iron wire placed
transversally in the water, where it forms a hook at the part required to keep
the thread perpendicular with a hole or eye in a suitable plate or stem.
(Instead of the iron wire a tube may be employed.) When the cotton thread
has been joined by the cocoon threads, it passes through a hole or eye, and at
the same time rolls over a spindle, receiving a rotatory motion round itself.

page_text: This motion is obtained by means of a hollow cylinder put in motion by a
strap or band; this cylinder forms part of a framing, which follows the same
motion, and revolves on a bolt or pin firmly fixed to beams. This bolt is
furnished at one end with an endless screw, cogging with a wheel mounted on
an axle adapted to the framing. At the extremity of this axle is a cog wheel,
communicating its motion by means of an intermediate gearing to another
cog wheel underneath, which transmits it to a cylinder on the same axle, and
which being in contact with the spindle, causes it to rotate, and the thread to
roll round it.
To obtain a regular rolling of the thread over the spindle, a small guide is
employed, which consists of a hollow cylinder fixed by supports to the framing,
and furnished internally with a double screw thread turned in opposite direc-
tions, and put in motion by cog wheels.
This hollow cylinder is provided with a small groove, permitting the intro-
duction of a rammer, which takes into the screw thread. When the screw
turns, it tends to draw the runner round with it, but being prevented from
turning by the cylinder, it is obliged to move in à longitudinal direction, and
in this way it arrives at the extremity of the screw, where it stops, but as the
screw continues turning, the second screw thread takes hold of it and causes it
to go back again.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OP CUTTING AND SHAPING SPOKES
Year: 1858

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Beale at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th March
1858.
I, BENJAMIN BEALE, of East Greenwich, in the County of Kent, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD
OP CUTTING AND SHAPING SPOKES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in mounting one, two, or more spokes excentrically,
that is, with the centre of the spokes excentrical, to the centre of a drum or
frame, and in causing that drum to revolve against fixed cutters or cutting or
shaping tools, or in causing cutters or tools to revolve round the drum.
I cut the tenons at the nave end of the spokes, and complete the shaping of
the spoke by setting a number of the spokes upon a drum or revolving frame
at a proper angle, and running suitable tools round the drum, or in causing the
drum to revolve against fixed tools.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN CORNICES AND CORNICE POLES FOR WINDOW AND OTHER CURTAINS
Year: 1858

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Simons at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th April
1858.
I, EDWARD SIMONS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN CORNICES AND CORNICE POLES FOR WINDOW AND OTHER CURTAINS," to be
as follows:-
My said Invention consists of the methods herein-after described of con-
structing cornices and cornice poles for window and other curtains, whereby
the opening and closing of curtains suspended from the said cornices or
cornice poles is facilitated. At one end of the cornice or cornice pole I
place a drum turning upon an axis; the said drum turns in a vertical
plane, and has within it a coiled spring and on its outside a ratchet wheel. A
small loose pulley also turns upon the same axis as the drum, and a pall or
click suspended over the drum engages with the ratchet wheel. A cord coiled
several times around the drum passes along the cornice pole or behind the
cornice to the other end of the said cornice or cornice pole, and passing over
a pulley, returns, and passing over the loose pulley on the axis of the drum,
hangs down vertically by the side of the window. By pulling the vertical
cord, the horizontal parts of the said cord move in the cornice pole, or at the
back of the cornice, one part in one direction, and the other part in the
opposite direction. By attaching the first ring of each curtain to those

page_text: portions of the horizontal cord which move towards the middle of the cornice
or cornice pole when the vertical cord is pulled, the curtains may be closed
by pulling the said vertical cord. The pall engaging in the ratchet wheel
prevents the return motion of the cord and curtains. When it is wished to
open the curtains, the vertical cord is taken hold of and moved out of the
vertical position, the motion being towards the right if it is on the right of the
window, or towards the left if the cord is on the left of the window. By this
means, the cord bearing against the tail of the pall raises it from the ratchet
wheel, and the spring in the drum being now free to move the drum, the cord
is allowed to pass through the hand, and the curtains open. The curtains
may be left in any desired position by bringing the hanging cord into a
vertical position and loosing it. The pall will then engage in the ratchet
wheel, and fix the position of the curtains.
The mechanism described may be placed at one or both ends of the cornice
or cornice pole, so as to operate on one or both of the curtains. The hori-
zontal portions of the cord may be arranged in different ways so as to effect
the desired motion of the curtains, but I do not think it necessary here to
describe the various modifications which may be made in the details of my
Invention.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE APPLIED TO LADIES' DRESSES AND OTHER ARTICLES OF WEARING APPAREL
Year: 1858

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act..).
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Badcock at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th August.
1858.
I, JAMES BADCOCK, of High Street, Highgate, in the County of Middlesex;
do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
TO BE APPLIED TO LADIES' DRESSES AND OTHER ARTICLES OF WEARING APPAREL," to
be as follows:—
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus to be applied
to ladies' dresses and other articles of wearing apparel. Heretofore, apparatus.
has sometimes been used by ladies for looping up their dresses, which appa-
ratus consists of a belt, having attached to it tubes or spirals of brass wire,.
one end of each of which tubes or spirals is brought to the front of the belt,
and from this point they are led away, so that they terminate at points.
arranged at equal distances the one from the other all round the belt. Through
these tubes cords pass which are attached at their upper ends to tassels or.
buttons, and at their lower ends to the skirt of the dress, so that by drawing:
up the tassels or buttons the dress can be looped up to any extent desired: In
addition to this apparatus ladies also wear detached belts or bands to. which
petticoat skirts are attached. Now, my Invention consists in. combining an

page_text: apparatus such as before described for looping up dresses with a petticoat belt
or band, and this is done by attaching the looping-up apparatus to the upper
edge of the petticoat belt or band in place of to a separate belt or band as
heretofore.
IMPROVEMENTS IN METALLIC BEDSTEADS AND COTS
Year: 1858

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Martin Billing at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd August
1858.
I, MARTIN BILLING, of High Holborn, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
METALLIC BEDSTEADS AND COTS," to be as follows (that is to say) :-
My Invention having reference to improvements in metallic bedsteads and
cots, consists in the mode of simplifying the construction and arrangement of
those parts which form the head, foot, and side rails thereof, so as to enable
the same to be readily fitted together and secured than by the methods of
soldering, or otherwise, as at present. For this purpose I employ a tubular
form of metallic frame or beading, provided with a longitudinal slot opening
corresponding in width to the thickness of the panelling to be inserted therein,
so that by twisting or corrugating the edges of the said panelling, the same
may be securely held through the medium of the raised edges and slot openings
as aforesaid.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF PROPELLING CARRIAGES UPON RAILWAYS
Year: 1858

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Samson Thomas at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th April 1858.
I, FREDERICK SAMSON THOMAS, of Junction Street, Kentish Town, in the
County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF PROPELLING CARRIAGES UPON RAILWAYS,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in attaching to the sides of the rails of a line of
railway a succession of bent levers as propellers, and attaching to the carriages
a catch or block near the axle, against which the perpendicular arm of the
propeller operates. The horizontal arm of the propeller is acted upon by the
flange of the wheels of each carriage in succession, by which means the weight
of each carriage is transferred as a motive power to the perpendicular arm,
which acting against the catch or block causes the weight of the carriages to
effect wholly or in part the propulsion of the train.
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF REFLECTOR OR COVER FOR GAS BURNERS
Year: 1858

page_text: vention received
roteccio
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Roberts at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th June
1858.
I, JOHN ROBERTS, of Upnor, in the County of Kent, Terra Cotta Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF REFLECTOR OR COVER FOR GAS BURNERS," to be as
follows:-
The chief object of this Invention is to prevent the accumulation of heat in
apartments, arising from the combustion of gas. For this purpose I propose
to apply to the metallic reflectors used in connection with gas burners, or to
the covers used for intercepting the smoke of the gas flame, a water chamber,
which being in close proximity to the flame, will take up a great portion of the
heat generated, and by transmitting it to the water contained in the chamber,
give off an aqueous vapor, and effectually keep down the temperature of the
apartment. Standing up over the central hole in the reflector is a tube with
a closed end, and surrounding this tube is one of larger diameter and some-
what greater length. These tubes are securely brazed to the upper side of
the metallic disc reflector, and form an annular water chamber, over the inner
periphery of which the heated gases from the gas flame play, thereby causing

page_text: a slow evaporation of the water contained in the chamber. In cases where a
reflector is not required, the suspended cover for collecting the smoke may be
made with an annular water chamber, and the required result will be in like
manner attained.
A NEW OR IMPROVED CRADLE
Year: 1858

page_text: Inis invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Waide Reynolds at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th July 1858.
I, GEORGE WAIDE REYNOLDS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A
NEW OR IMPROVED CRADLE," to be as follows:-
My said new or improved cradle consists of a cradle for rocking children
and other like purposes, supported and turning upon a horizontal axis or
Connected with the axis of the cradle is a coiled spring, which can
be wound up by a key after the manner of winding up a clock. The said
spring is connected by means of a train of wheels and an escapement with
the axis of the cradle, and when it is wished to rock the cradle, the spring is
wound up, and the cradle set in motion. The rocking motion of the cradle is
maintained until the spring has run down. Although I prefer to apply the
motive power to the axis of the cradle, yet the said motive power may be
applied at a point above or below the axis with the same or nearly the same
effect.
AN IMPROVED ADJUSTABLE SPINDLE FOR LOCKS AND LATCHES
Year: 1858

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Harcourt at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th June
1858.
I, JOSEPH HARCOURT, Ironmonger, of Broad Street, Birmingham, in the
County of Warwick, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED ADJUSTABLE SPINDLE FOR LOCKS AND LATCHES," to be as follows
(that is to say) :-
My Invention consists in forming the spindle with a deep lengthway groove
on one of its sides, in which a small piece of metal slides, which piece of
metal is flat on the top, but made to taper from the ends on the under side
to an angle, so that looking at it sideways it assumes the form somewhat of a
double wedge, that as the handle is put on the spindle, and the double wedge
so placed that the screw hole of the knob shall be over the inner end of the
double wedge when it is in a position to be secured simply by turning in the
small screw in the neck of the knob in the ordinary way, when it will depress
the inner end of the double wedge and elevate the outer one, or the part that
is within the knob, so as to make it impossible for it to be pulled off; thus the
meeting of the two inclines (forming the wedges) forms the fulcrum on which
it acts. It is not absolutely essential that the sliding piece before described
should be of a wedge shape, provided it should be formed with a projection on
the under side on which it rests or rides, transverse notches being placed at

page_text: the bottom of the groove for that purpose; or this part may be fixed in the
groove of the spindle by a pin passed through it and the sides of the grooves
of the spindle. Or the sunken groove in the spindle may be formed by
casting, and an incline may be formed on it at the same time, so as to super-
sede the necessity of making the adjustable part seperate; the screw in this
case (that passes through the neck of the knob) will (according to the thick
or thinness of the door to which such spindles are applied) be required longer
or shorter accordingly.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN FURNACES FOR STEAM BOILERS FOR THE PURPOSE OF CONSUMING SMOKE AND ECONOMISING FUEL
Year: 1858

page_text: on for Leuers
by the Act.)
atent was not given within the time prescribed
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ralph Howarth at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th July
1858.
I, RALPH HOWARTH, of the firm of Howarth and Cryer, Slater Field
Foundry, Bolton-le-Moors, in the County of Lancaster, Millwrights and
Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN FURNACES FOR STEAM BOILERS FOR THE PURPOSE OF CONSUMING
SMOKE AND ECONOMISING FUEL," to be as follows:-
The nature of my Invention consists in so arranging and constructing the
furnaces of steam boilers that the smoke from a fire to which fresh fuel has
been applied is conveyed over a fire, on which the fuel is in an incandescent
state. This Invention is particularly applicable to boilers having two fire-
places and two flues. The end of each flue is furnished with a damper, and
these dampers are raised and lowered alternately. When fresh fuel is applied
to one fire, the damper at the end of the corresponding flue is lowered to
prevent the escape of the smoke into the chimney; the smoke from the fresli
fuel is conveyed through a side passage between the two fire-places or through
a flue made near the firing doors over the other fire, which is in an incan-
descent state; by this means the smoke is consumed, and a saving in fuel is
effected. When the fire by which the smoke has been consumed requires to

page_text: be supplied with fresh fuel, the position of the dampers is reversed.
When
my Invention is applied to a boiler having two fire-places. uniting in a single
flue, it is necessary to divide the single flue by means of a fire-brick partition
or a water space partition, and when a single broad fire-place is used, the fire
must be divided into two in a similar manner.
A SAFETY RAILWAY ORAL COMMUNICATION
Year: 1858

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Jones Holdsworth at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th March 1858.
I, ARTHUR JONES HOLDSWORTH, of Leeds, in the County of York, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A SAFETY RAILWAY
ORAL COMMUNICATION," to be as follows:-
The communicator consists of tubes fixed longitudinally underneath each
carriage, coupled to each other by strong vulcanized india-rubber elastic
tubing effectually joined by screw couplings, which can be easily united or
disunited, such longitudinal tubing being connected by other tubing at right
angles, and conveyed to the engine driver, guard, and such of the carriages
respectively as may be required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TAN OR TANNIN, AND IN TANNING HIDES TO MAKE LEATHER
Year: 1858

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Lees at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th June
1858.
I, SAMUEL LEES, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Manufacturing
Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TAN OR TANNIN, AND IN TANNING HIDES TO MAKE
LEATHER," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in treating the oils obtained by the distillation of
coals, canuel, schists, or other bituminous, carthy, oily substances, with strong
sulphuric acid, until a black, carbonaceous, pitchy substance is formed. The
process is facilitated by steam passing through pipes placed within the vat
containing the oil and sulphuric acid, and which are agitated until the
carbonaceous pitchy substance is obtained, and any undecomposed oil found
upon the surface must be taken therefrom, and may be used for lubricating
machinery. The steam is then shut off, and I add by degrees strong nitric
acid, and stir the whole until it boils and becomes a dark-brown pitchy sub-
stance; I then add liquid ammonia or gas-tar water, or other alkali, until it
takes up the remaining acids. During this process steam must be applied
to keep the pitchy substance in a liquid state, care being taken not to add too
much of the alkali, so as not to dissolve the pitchy substance, which substance

page_text: I call mineral tan. I then take the mineral tan so produced, and dissolve it
in common soda, potash, or other alkaline lees of any specific gravity, according
to the quality or thickness of the hides or skins to be tanned. These hides or
skins are first prepared in lime in the usual manner, and are then steeped in a
solution of the mineral tan above described. When they have sufficiently
imbibed the tannin, they are taken out, and put into a solution of alum or
other metallic salts, until the tannin becomes fixed, and the hides or skins are
thus converted into leather.