Improved Valves for Pneumatic Tyres.
Year: 1897

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improved Valves for Pneumatic Tyres.
JOHN MAXFIELD, 326, Liverpool Road, London, N., Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to an improved and very simple valve for pneumatic tyres,
and is chiefly applicable to my patent vacuum pneumatic tyre, but the said valve
may be adapted to other pneumatic tyres especially those known as tubeless.
My improved valve consists of two metal washers, a nipple and two pieces of
sheet rubber, and is fixed at the side of the tyre immediately above the rim.
The inside washer has two projections which sink into the tyre and prevents the
washer turning round when screwing up. The nipple is flanged on the one end and
is jagged on the barrel underneath the flange, these jaggs fit in corresponding slots
provided in the inside washer, this prevents the nipple turning round, the other end
of nipple is screwed to receive the outside washer. The hole in nipple is screwed
for attaching the inflating pump.
On the outside washer is pivoted a spring cap to exclude the dust from the valve.
When the metal part is fixed in the tyre a piece of sheet rubber is cemented on the
inside, covering completely the inside metal washer, this is to make the metal
fitting airtight. A small hole is provided in the rubber corresponding to the hole
in nipple. Over this rubber sheet and covering the hole, a strip of sheet rubber
is stretched and is secured at the ends only, by cement or otherwise, this strip of
sheet rubber constitutes the valve and is acted upon in the usual way with the
inflating pump. Thus when it is required to inflate the tyre, the pump is attached
to nipple and the pressure of air from the pump raises the rubber strip from its
seat and allows the air to pass into the tyre, the rubber strip returns to its seat
directly the outer pressure ceases, and is held firmly by the air pressure inside the
tyre.
Should it be necessary to deflate the tyre for any purpose, I provide a small wire
which is passed through the nipple and raises the valve from its seat.
A modified form of valve fitting is made and used in the following manner.
I form out of india rubber a sleeve or nipple flanged at one end, the top of this
flange is convex. This sleeve passes through the vacuum chamber of tyre and is
cemented top and bottom, the flanged part being inside the tyre, and about a
quarter of an inch of the sleeve projects below, the latter receives a metal nipple
which is secured by wire and cement. This metal nipple is squared on one part,
which passes through a corresponding square hole in the rim and prevents the
nipple turning round. That part of the nipple which projects below the rim is
screwed to receive the inflating pump.
Over the india rubber flange, inside the tyre, I stretch a strip of sheet rubber
the ends of which are cemented or otherwise-secured to the vacuum chamber. The
process of inflating or deflating the tyre is the same as hereinbefore described.
I may further modify the metal fittings and use them in various positions on the
tyre, without departing from the spirit of my improvements.
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T. 1007

page_text: VALVES TO Havic lyres.
I, JOIN MAXFIELD, 326, Liverpool Road, London, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particu-
larly described and ascertained in and by the following, statement:-
-
This invention relates to an improved and very simple valve for pneumatic tyres,
which is more especially intended to be used in combination with my improved
pneumatic tyre, for which I have obtained the grant of Letters
Patent, No. 18,731 of 1896. My present invention may however also be adapted
to other pneumatic tyres, and particularly to single tube tyres..
In the accompanying drawings, wherein similar letters of reference indicate
corresponding parts, Figure 1 shews my present invention fitted laterally to one of
my improved patent pneumatic tyres above referred to, whereby I avoid interfer-
ing either with the wheel rim or spokes, which is a considerable advantage, as it
greatly facilitates the operation of fitting the tyre to the rim. Figures 2, 3,
and 4, shew detail views of the nipple and inner and outer washers presently
described. Figures 5, to 14, both inclusive shew detail views of various modifica-
tions of my present invention Figure 15 shews one form of opener fo raising the
valve from its seating in order to deflate the tyre whenever desired, and Figure 16
shews my present invention fitted to one of my said improved patent pneumatic
tyres through the wheel rim. The primary form of the improved valve consti-
tuting my present invention, consists of a perforated nipple a, furnished with a
threaded shank a', and fitted with two metal washers b, c; an elastic valve seating d
and an elastic valve piece e.
The washer b, (hereafter termed the "inner" washer), is furnished with prongs b',
that take into the tyre A, whereby such inner washer is kept in position while the
outer washer c is being screwed on the threaded shank a¹ of the nipple a. The
head of the nipple is furnished with a flange a² which when the outer washer c is
tightened upon such shank comes in contact with the top of the inner washer b, and
in conjunction therewith acts as a stop to prevent the nipple being drawn through
the tyre by the outer washer c. The nipple a is also furnished with jags a³, that
take into corresponding recesses 62, Fig. 3, formed in the inner washer b, and thus
secure the nipple in position. The outer washer c may be fitted with a spring
cap c¹, Fig. 4, to exclude dust and other impurities. A valve seating d, Fig. 1, is
provided by cementing a perforated piece of sheet rubber on the inside of the tyre A,
so that it completely covers both the nipple and inner washer, while the perforation
therein is brought immediately over the perforation in the nipple, to allow the air
to pass through when desired.-Over this aperture an elastic diaphragm, which
forms the valve e, is stretched and cemented, or otherwise fastened at each end.—
This valve is actuated by attaching an inflator to the nipple and operating such
inflator in the ordinary manner, when the pressure of the air from the inflator
raises the valve from its seat and allows the air to pass through the aperture in the
latter, and also through the perforated nipple, into the tyre. Immediately the
external air pressure ceases the valve returns to its seat, and is held firmly in posi-
tion thereon, by the pressure exercised by the inflated tyre.
In order to facilitate the adaptation of my improved valve to various types of
pneumatic tyre, I have provided several modifications of various minor details of
the primary form thereof already described, but without in any way departing from
its essential features.
The first of such modifications consists in dispensing with the inner washer b
and also with the jags a³, and perforated valve seating d by 'forming a flange b,
Fig. 5, on the shank of the nipple a; against which flange the tyre A, takes a bear-

page_text: ing when the outer, washer c is tightened up. In this modification the elastic valve
piece e takes the form of a perforated cap which is sprung on the head of the
nipple a, which in this arrangement forms the valve seat, as shewn in Figures 6
and 7; Fig. 6,being a sectional view of the cap itself, and Fig. 7 shewing such
cap also in section, sprung directly on the nipple head.
A second modification, which is illustrated at Figs. 8, and 9, and which likewise
dispenses with the perforated valve seating d, consists in converting my improved
valve into a double valve, by enlarging the top of the perforation in the nipple
head into a recess of either a conical or semi-circular form, and fitting the same
with a conical plug or ball at, over which in conjunction with the head of the
nipple, the elastic cap forming the valve e is sprung in the manner already
described.
-
Figures 10 and 11 shew a third modification which consists in a modification in
the form and arrangement of the nipple a, outer washer c, and elastic valve piece e,
and likewise dispenses with the perforated valve seating d. In this modification
the flange on the nipple a, already described with reference to the first modifi-
cation, and the top of the outer washer c, are both made broader in order to firmly,
grip the tyre A, between them when the outer washer is tightened up; while the
elastic cap forming the valve e, is provided with an oblique tail piece e¹ which,
when straightened out and cemented or otherwise attached to the side of the tyre,
forms a spring to hold the valve e firmly in position, when sprung on to the top
of the nipple as shewn.
Figure 12 illustrates a
modification which consists in a further modifica-
tion in the form of the top of the nipple a, which is of an oblique shape, with a
rectangular projection a as shewn, while the valve consists of an oblique flap e,
furnished with a straight tail piece e¹; the oblique flap being fitted direct on the
oblique top of the nipple,, thus dispensing with the perforated valve seating d,
while the end of the tail piece e¹ is cemented or otherwise fastened to the extremity
of the rectangular, projection b, which last mentioned projection also serves, in
conjunction with the outer washer c, when the latter is tightened up, to grip the
tyre A, and secure it in position, in the manner already described with reference
to my third modification and as shewn at Fig. 12.
A fifth modification is illustrated at Figs. 13 and 14, which likewise consists in
dispensing with the inner washer b, and perforated valve seating d, and in a modi-
fied form of the nipple a, and valve c. In this modification the nipple head consists
of a horizontal rectangular arm a terminating in two vertical ends a", wherein the
two ends of a piece of rubber tubing, which form the valve e, are cemented, or other-
wise secured, as shewn in section in Fig. 13, and in end elevation at Fig. 14.
Fig. 15 shews an opener which, after it has been passed through the orifice in
the nipple, serves to raise the valve from the valve seating thus allowing of the
deflation of the tyre.
i
Fig. 16 illustrates a 6th modification and shews a view in transverse section of a
second method of adapting my present invention to my improved patent pneumatic
tyre. In this modification the shank a¹ of the nipple a is made of rubber tubing,
and is elongated sufficiently to pass through the exhaust chamber B of the tyre A
and also through the wheel rim C, the outer end of the shank being sprung over
a metal socket D, which is fitted in such rim and furnished with a dust excluder E,
as shewn in the said Fig. 16. The dotted lines in such figure indicate the position
of the exhaust chamber B, and of the elongated elastic nipple shank a¹ when such
exhaust chamber is deflated.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. A valve consisting in its primary form of a perforated nipple a furnished
with a threaded shank a¹, and fitted with two metal washers b, c, and an elastic
valve seating d, and valve piece e, made combined arranged and fitted all sub-

page_text: stantially as herein before described and shewn at Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4 of the accom-
panying drawings.
2. The various modified forms of nipple head a and nipple shank a¹ all sub-
stantially as herein before described and shewn at Figs. 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13 and 16
of the accompanying drawings so far as they relate to and are employed in con-
nection with my present invention.
3. The various modified forms of valve piece e all substantially as hereinbefore
described and shewn, at Figs. 1, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12 and 13, of the accompanying
drawings so far as they relate to and are employed in connection with my present
invention.
4. The modified construction combination, and arrangement of parts all sub-
stantially as herein before described and shewn at Figs. 5, 6, and 7, of the accom-
panying drawings.
5. The modified construction, combination and arrangement of parts, all
substantially as hereinbefore described, and shewn at Figs. 8, and 9 of the accom-
panying drawings.
6. The modified construction, combination and arrangement of parts, all sub-
stantially as herein before described and shewn at Figs. 10, and 11 of the
accompanying drawings.
7. The modified construction, combination and arrangement of parts, all
substantially as hereinbefore described and shewn at Fig. 12 of the accompanying
drawings.
8. The modified construction, combination and arrangement of parts all sub-
stantially as herein before described and shewn at Figs. 13 and 14, of the
accompanying drawings.
9. The modified construction combination and arrangement of parts, all substan-
tially as herein before described and shewn at Fig. 16 of the accompanying
drawings.
10. In combination with a detachable pneumatic tyre the application of a valve
through the wall of the tyre, above the rim, avoiding the necessity of boring a hole
in the rim for valve, and allowing the tyre to be fixed in any position on the rim
as herein described.
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