IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING AND COOKING APPARATUS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Tomlinson Bousfield at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with bis Petition, on the
18th July 1867.-A communication from abroad by Oscar Fitzallan
Morrill, residing at Chelsea, in the County of Suffolk, and State of
Massachusetts, United States of America.
I, GEORGE TOMLINSON BOUSFIELD, of Loughborough Park, Brixton, in the
County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING AND COOKING APPARATUS," to be as follows:-
The principle on which the present heating or cooking apparatus is con-
structed is substantially that of an "Argand" burner, the principle of which is
well known, the wick being tubular, and when on fire is supplied both internally
and externally with currents of air, although in its details it varies considerably
from this particular form.
The general features of this apparatus are distinguished from those shown
in the Invention for which Letters Patent of Great Britain have already been
granted to the Inventor, in the fact that in this case the liquid hydrocarbon
to be vaporized and mixed with air are contained in a vessel or reservoir
situated below the burner and drawn up the wick by capillary attraction,
whereas, in the Patent already granted to the Inventor, the liquid hydro-1:
carbon is contained in a cistern situated some considerable distance above:the':
burner, and descends by its gravity to the burner or to the vaporizing, tube

page_text: connected with such burner, the liquid by its elevated position above the
burner being beyond danger of being heated by the flame of the apparatus.
The first portion of the Invention is shown in Sheet 1, of which Figure 1
is a top view and Figure 2 is a vertical section of such apparatus. This
portion of the Invention is intended for the production of great heat from the
combustion of liquid hydrocarbons, particularly petroleum, or what is usually
termed coal oil or coal naphtha. Heretofore it has been customary to mix
air with a combustible gas or vapour, and to pass the mixture through a
foraminous diaphragm and burn it thereon, the result being a blue and non-
illuminating flame of great heating power. The Invention causes air to be
mixed and burned with the flame of the gas generated by the combustion of
a liquid bydrocarbon contained in the wick of an argand lamp or burner. The
nature of the argand lamp is well understood, it being a lamp whose wick is
tubular and when on fire is supplied both internally and externally with currents
of air.
In the Drawing, A denotes an argand lamp, of which a is the wick tube
which is attached to the bottom of the lamp reservoir 6 and is open at both
ends. It leads out of the bottom of the lamp in order that when the lamp is
in use air may rush freely into the lower end of the tube and pass up through
the tube and into the flame of the wick C thereof. The wick tube a is sur-
mounted with what is termed the internal air current foraminous disseminator B,
which is a hollow cylinder fitting into or on the tube and covered at top by a
close or foraminous cap d, the sides of such cylinder being foraminous.
Another such air current disseminator C is or may be applied to the lamp,
and so as to surround and extend above the wick in manner as shown in the
Drawings; this latter aerial current disseminator is open at top and its sides
are foraminous. Furthermore the Argand lamp with its additions as described
is combined with a stove or stand D, or is arranged within the same as shown
in the Drawings, such stove or stand being for the purpose of supporting
over the burner one or more culinary vessels or articles to be heated.
Extending upward from the lamp body, and surrounding the outer aerial
current foraminons disseminator, is a tubular heat interceptor E, whose sides
are foraminous or perforated in order that air for the external surface of the
wick flame may pass through such sides and into and up through the said
interceptor. This heat interceptor is for the purpose of arresting the heat
radiated laterally from the flame of the wick, and causing such heat to pass
upward in order that it may be utilized to advantage. The wick may have
the usual appliances for elevating or depressing it. In the operation of the
Invention the air for the inner surface of the flame will be disseminated

page_text: laterally into the flame and through the numerous small orifices of disseminator
B; this air mixing with the flame or the combustible gaseous products resulting
from the liquid that may be contained in the wick will aid in rendering such flame
non-luminous and of increased heating power. So with respect to the action
of the external aerial foraminous disseminator C, the air for the outer surface
of the flame will rush through the meshes or fine holes of such disseminator C
and into the flame, and by mingling therewith will be burned with the gaseous
products of combustion of the oil of the wick, and aid in rendering such flame
non-luminous and of increased heating power. The inner foraminous dis-
seminator may be provided with a thick and solid head, which may be made of
metal or some material not easily destroyed or injured by heat; such a form
or construction of the disseminator is represented in Figures 3 and 4, the first
of the said Figures being an external view, and the second a vertical section
of the disseminator. In these Figures the solid elongated head is represented
at h. The oil reservoir may extend around the burner, or may be otherwise
arranged in any well known manner for conducting oil to the wick.
Sheet 2 of the accompanying Drawings shows in vertical section in Figure 3
another portion of the Invention, in which a represents a base in which the
reservoir is suspended. On the base is placed a metal cylinder c, which
upholds a ring d made with studs or projections e on which any culinary or
other vessel may be placed to have its contents heated. The parts a, c, and d
are all capable of easy dismemberment each from the other, by which access is
had to the reservoir 6 and the parts immediately therewith connected. In the
base a the openings f supply the air needed for combustion, while through any
of them the spindle g which operates the wick may conveniently protrude at
the side of the apparatus. The base is made with a flange h to receive and
support the reservoir by its flange i. The reservoir is provided with a screw
cap through which it is filled and has a wick tube k, which at its top and
where the wick protrudes and is burned is expanded into a cup 1, which serves
the double purpose of receiving the end of the perforated air heating tube, so
that no air can get to the blaze to support combustion except what passes
through the perforations of the tube, and of preventing overflow of fluid from
the wick down upon the sides of the wick tube and the top of the reservoir.
The perforated air heating and supplying tube m is of any length desired;
that which is shown being in good proportion to the other parts, and is of such
form in section as to surround the wick. In the space enclosed by the tube m
and at its top the gas is generated from the fluid in the reservoir by its com-
bustion at the wick end are mixed with heated atmospheric air and consequently
burn with a blue flame nearly destitute of light giving properties but developing

page_text: the maximum beating effect. To protect the tube m from the effects of
lateral currents of air, and to cause the maximum amount thereof to pass
through the perforations to be mingled and burned with the gases in the tube m,
it is surrounded with a shield n of peculiar construction, it being flared at its
bottom and then gradually contracting or tapering to the top of the tube m to
which it fits, and is united so that the shield'n is hung or supported by the
upper end of the tube m. It will be seen that lateral air currents are warded
off by this shield from the tube m, which otherwise would cause the gases
therein to be blown through the perforations, making their presence in the
atmosphere known by their disagreeable odour. The air entering the expanded
end of the shield becomes heated by contact with the tube m and shield n,
and rising in consequence is all of it forced through the perforations in m to
urge and make perfect the combustion therein. Secured to the wick tube k
within the reservoir 6, and projecting through an aperture or slit in the top o,
is a spring p, which at its top is provided with bearings carrying a spindle
having thereon friction rolls q opposite the pointed wheels, by the rotation of
which the wick is raised and lowered; this spring always keeps the wick
pressed by the rolls 9 upon the wheels r, and while yielding to any inequalities
renders the least rotation of the wick spindle g effective. The base shield s
surrounds the wick tube and is soldered or otherwise made tight upon the
top o of the reservoir. The top of this shield surrounds the cup formed on the
wick tube nearly but not quite touching it, and enters the base of the top
shield n. The object of this base shield is to encompass and convey all the
vapors which may arise from the fluid in the reservoir, or which may proceed
from overflow of the wick into the space enclosed by the shield n, and thence
through the perforated tube k in which they are consumed. The opening in o
through which the spring 9 passes, serves the other purpose of letting any fluid
which may overflow from the wick pass back into the reservoir, and also
allows any gases generated in the reservoir to escape to be conducted by the
shields s and n into the tube m. To make the tube m and its shield n easily
removeable, so that the wick can be got at for trimming and lighting, the
uprights are secured to the top o of the reservoir in which upright notches
are made, in which projections from the shield n catch and hold the thin sides
of the shield springing sufficiently for the purpose. The weight of the shield n
and perforated tube m is borne by the wick tube, in the cup of which the tube
Im fits and on which it rests.
Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4, Sheet 3 of the accompanying Drawings, show still
another portion of the Invention which may be thus described. a denotes the
base supporting a cylinder 6, and having suspended within it from a flange c the

page_text: oil or liquid fuel containing reservoir d. Through the centre of this reservoir a
tube e extends, said tube projecting down below the bottom of the reservoir and
having within it a smaller screw tube f carrying a helical or screw thread for
effecting the elevation or depression of the wick, the latter tube extending
through the reservoir and being open at bottom, as seen in Figure 1, for the
supply of air to the inner surface of the tubular flame. The tube e is provided
with perforations to allow the oil to flow freely from the reservoir into the tube,
and from such tube into the wick tube k (through the vertical opening h in the
side of the same). The wick i is fastened at its lower end to a wick ring or
carrier k, from which extends a stud l projecting through the vertical opening h,
and allowing the wick carrier to slide vertically while rotating in connection
with the tube. The carrier is provided with a lip or traveller u which as the
carrier is rotated, travels around upon the screw or helical thread m, and
effects the raising or lowering of the wick, as will be readily understood. The
wick tube is provided at top with a circular plate or wheel n, which rests
upon projections v formed upon or fixed around the upper end of the tube eas
seen at A, which is an elevation of the upper end of the tube, a lip or ring o
extending down around the top of the said tube e to keep the wick tube in
position laterally. The plate n resting upon the projections v instead of directly
upon the top of the tube insulates to a large extent the body of the tube
from the heat of the wick; this insulation is still further promoted by cutting
away the material of the tube e, as seen at w in Figure 3. The plate n
extends outward nearly to the surface of the cylinder b, and this cylinder is
provided with one or more apertures p through which the fingers may reach
the periphery of the wheel or plate n to impart rotation to it, the wheel being:
provided with teeth q to facilitate such rotation. By turning the wheel the
wick carrier is rotated, and the screw-threaded tube being stationary, the
traveller u resting upon such thread is with the wick raised or lowered in
accordance with the direction of rotation of the wheel; this thread is not cut
upon the surface of the tube but the tube is made of thin material, and a strip.
of wire m or a narrow strip of metal is drawn around and soldered to the
surface, thus cheapening the construction and permitting a thin material to be
used for the tube, which on account of such thinness is comparatively non-
conductive of heat from the flame to the oil reservoir. The hollow wick i is
burned at the top of the tube, and the air for supporting combustion is supplied
to the outer surface of the flame through a foraminous cylinder or air dissemi-
nator r, and to the inner surface thereof through a foraminous cylinder or air
disseminator s. The cylinder r rests upon the wheel or plate n, and so kept
in central position thereupon and with relation to the wick by centering pins

page_text: or projections t extending up the plate n, as seen in Figure 3. The cylinder s
surmounts a frusto-conical tube a extending from the plane of the top of the
tube down to the bottom of said tube, as seen in Figure 1; this conical or
tapering construction enables the disseminators to be tipped laterally upon it
to adjust it to the centre of the outer disseminator r. There being nothing
new in the arrangement of the foraminous disseminators one within the
other, to furnish air in fine currents or jets for the support of the flame
burning from the wick between them, such arrangement does not need to be
further set forth. The disseminator is surrounded by a cone or shield a',
which protects the flame from the effect of lateral currents of air. To prevent
the escape of any vapour arising from the reservoir through the tube e a flange
or ring b¹ projects down from the under surface of the wheels n, and within
this ring passages c¹ extend through the wheel into the cone a', the vapours shut
in by the ring & passing up through these passages, as denoted by the arrows
in Figure I, and are thence drawn through the disseminator and consumed in
the flame. To intercept the currents of heat thrown laterally from the surface
of the shield a¹ and deflect them upwards a deflector is placed within the
cylinder 6 such deflector depending from a ring & that surmounts said cylinder
6, the said lateral currents being by the employment of said deflector utilized
by causing them to impinge upon the vessel to be heated placed over the
The wheel or plate n is used as an interceptor of the heat in the
cylinder b downwards to the reservoir d. After many experiments of various
kinds of material for the construction of the foraminous chimneys or dissemi-
nators it has been discovered that the composition known as brass is best for
that purpose, said composition withstanding the defects of a high degree of heat
better than iron or copper. The tube e extends below the reservoir and is
united to the tube f at bottom, as seen in Figure 1; this construction or
arrangement prevents heat communicated to the tube x from passing around
the oil reservoir, as will be readily understood. Each and all of these various
improvements tend to perfect this class of stoves and render them of great
value for use in culinary operations and in the arts.
stove.
Figures 1 and 2, Sheet 2 of the accompanying Drawings, show another
portion of the Invention, which consists primarily in the method of regulating
the height of this tubular wick and in the details of construction, having
reference to the safety of the apparatus for the insulation of the oil reservoir
from the heat of the flame. The main view in the Drawings represents a
central vertical section of an apparatus embodying the Invention and the
detail. A shows a section of the wick regulating device; a denotes the base
or stand supporting the fuel reservoir or lamp 6 and the cylinder c which

page_text: upholds a ring or rings d, having pins or projections for the support of the
vessel to be heated; is the tubular wick; f and g, the two perforated
cylinders, the space between which constitutes the flame chamber; his a
shield for protecting the tube f from lateral currents of air, and for causing
the vapours which get between the shield and outer tube to pass through the
perforations and be consumed; k is a heat deflector; and 1, a tube passing
centrally through the reservoir b for the supply of air to the inner tube g.
The pins which support the vessel to be heated are so disposed with reference
to the top of the flame chamber between the two foraminous cylinders or
chimneys as to support the vessel at such distance above the chamber as to
allow the free passage of the flame. Where these cylinders are not employed
the location of the pins as to height is not of great importance, but in this
construction, if they are so placed as to bring the bottom of the vessel into
close proximity with the top of the flame chamber, they retard the passage of
the flame and cause jets of unconsumed gas to be driven outwards through
the perforations of the outer chimney, from whence being beyond the flame
they sometimes escape unconsumed from the stove. The wick e is raised and
lowered by means of a large spur wheel m having a diameter approximating
to the diameter of the wick; this wheel is fixed to the bottom of a long stem
or spindle W, which inclines outwardly from the wick tube and laterally with
respect thereto and extends up through the reservoir as seen at A. The teeth
upon one edge of the wheel project through the outer tube of the wick chamber
and into the surface of the wick. The wheel is set at such an angle with
reference to the surface of the wick that its rotation imparts not only a
rotative but a vertical movement to the wick, or a spiral movement elevating
or depressing it accordingly as the wheel may be turned in one or the opposite
direction. By employment of a spur wheel to effect the adjustment of the
wick I dispense with the screw thread and traveller which are usually employed
for such purpose, and very much simplify the construction of the wick regulating
mechanism. If a small spur wheel or one of much less diameter than the
wick is employed, the teeth to take sufficient hold upon the wick to move it
have to project or set so far into the surface of the wick that they hook into
and drag the threads thereof from the tube, and soon fail to effect its move-
ment. But by giving to the wheel a diameter about equal to that of the wick
a larger number of teeth take hold upon it, and the threads slide from each
tooth before it comes into such position that it can drag the threads from the
tube with it. The teeth are bent down from the plane of the wheel as seen at
A, in order to present them at right angles to the wick, ensuring a more
perfect action or hold upon the wick surface than when they are inclined with

page_text: respect thereto. The wheel is encased in a box n extending from the wick
chamber, as seen at A, but having no communication with the reservoir 6 into
which it projects, and from this chamber a tube o passes up to and through
the top of the reservoir, thus serving as a bearing for rotation of the spindle
and encasing the spindle and wheel from the reservoir. In the use of these
stoves the heat from the flame is of such intensity that it is very important to
preserve so far as possible the fluid in the reservoir and the inflammable or
explosive vapours generated therein from the effects of such beat. For this
purpose a compartment is provided in the reservoir at the top, which is filled
or packed with plaster or other similar earthy or non-conductive substance p,
thus interposing a layer of such material between the flame and the fluid,
and to preserve the inner wick tube from such heat I fill the space between
it and the air tube / with a similar packing q. The lower cylinder r is embedded,
which supports the inner flame tube g in the top of this packing p, as seen in
the Drawing, by which application all connection of the tube g by metal with
the reservoir is cut off. The outer wick tube does not connect directly with
the outer chimney f, but has a space s between its top and the flange upon
which the chimney rests; this space being filled with the packing p, thus
insulating the outer wick tube from the chimney. To break the continuity of
heat conducting metal, the tuber and the top of the outer wick tube are
made of perforated metal as seen in the Drawing. The heat communicated
to the fluid in the reservoir generates vapours, the pressure of which has a
tendency to explode or burst the lamp. Passages t are provided at the top of
the reservoir communicating with the wick chamber, through which these
vapours are driven into the wick in which they are carried up and consumed
when they reach the flame. The filling tube u extends down into the reservoir
and nearly to its bottom, thus preventing the escape of vapours from the top of
the reservoir through this tube.
Figures 1 and 2 of Sheet 4 of the accompanying Drawings show another
portion of the Invention, the object of which is first to lessen conduction of
beat to the wick to such an extent that the wick will not become charred;
and, second, to regulate the height of the flame when irregular, and caused by
a wick of uneven height. The wick is contained in or between the tubes a
and b, the lower ends of which enter into the fluid hydrocarbon in a reservoir
not shown in the Drawings. Surrounding the upper end of tube a is a shell
of metal d of a flattened spheroidal shape, which is connected with tube a by
a filling of plaster or other similar non-conductor c. The outer foraminous
chimney rests on the metal d in a suitable annular groove formed therein, as
shown. It will be seen from inspection of Figure 1 that the metal d connects

page_text: or joins the tube a at its lower point of junction by a very thin sheet a¹ of
brass, so thin as not to materially be a conductor of heat, and at the same
time of sufficient body to prevent flame from any stray quantities of hydrocarbon
which may have escaped to the outside surface of the reservoir from coming
in contact with the plaster filling, which in time becomes saturated with the
fluid. The piece d has by its shape a large extent of radiating surface, which
as it is fully open to the air dissipates by radiation a large portion of the heat
received from the outer foraminous chimney e, while the heat not radiated
therefrom is conducted so slowly by the plaster c, and is distributed thereby
over so large a surface of the wick tube a, that its temperature is thereby
lessened to a degree which will not injure or char the wick. Within the
inner wick tube 6 is located a smaller tube f, which is expanded and shaped
at its top, as clearly seen in Figure 1, so as to receive and support the inner
foraminous chimney 9. Between the tubes 6 and f is a plaster filling h,
disposed as shown, so that there is no metallic communication between 6 and f,
there being spaces 3 and 4 between said tubes occupied by the filling alone,
so that the heat conducted from g to f that is not radiated from the inner
surface off is distributed by the filling over so great an extent of the inner
wick tube as to reduce its temperature to a degree that will not injure the
wick. The upper part of 9 is provided with a cap i, in the centre of which
fits the screw threads on rod j. This rod ; extends down into the inner wick
tube 6, and is provided at its lower end with springs k, which pressing outward
on tube 6 support and hold the rod j and the inner chimney g in any position
where within reasonable limits they may be placed. The object of this is to
be able by tipping slightly the tube g to any side to diminish the space between
e and g on one side and increase it on the other, for wherever the wick projects
more on one side than it does on the other there it gives the longest flame,
and by tipping the tube g towards the longest flame the flue is there lessened
in area, and the length of the flame is equalized, the tube g and the rod j
being kept in position where placed by the action of the springs k, while by
the screw on the upper end of j the parts may be adjusted as required, and
provision is made for the necessary dismemberment of the parts.
b
Figure 1 in this Sheet of Drawings also shows a device for preventing the
escape of the contents of the lamp or reservoir by capillary or other attraction
to the outer surface of the shell d, which device consists in a vertical or raised
flange a turned up from or making part of the upper surface of such shell d
and surrounding its aperture, the said flange being circumscribed by the
foraminous chimney e which fits about it. As the foraminous chimney ⚫
becomes heated during the burning of the apparatus any portion of the hydro-

page_text: carbon which inclines to rise up upon or over the flange will be vapourized by
such heat and utilized, and consequently prevented from passing over the said
flange a³.
Figures 4 and 5 of Sheet 2. of the accompanying Drawings show another
portion of the Invention, which relates to the construction and arrangement of
parts of metallic faucets, and particularly to that class of faucets used for
"drawing" oil. The Drawing represents a central section of a faucet em-
bodying the Invention. a denotes the main chamber; b, the induction pipe
leading into, and c, the eduction pipe leading from said chamber; d is the
valve seat, and e the valve through which communication between the
induction and eduction pipes is controlled. The lower face of this valve is
made dishing or concave, so as to make a sharp edge f, which by pressure
against the flat surface of the valve seat shall grind or press into said surface
and make a perfectly tight joint, the edge cutting through any such slight
substance as may enter the chamber and come under the valve. In faucets
of ordinary construction, where a packing is used, it is found impossible in
employing them for certain kinds of liquid to make the valve perfectly tight,
as the liquid will dissolve or permeate through the packing however tightly it
may be compressed, and the same is true where a flat surfaced valve impinges
against a flat surfaced valve seat any fine sediment or foreign matter coming
between the surfaces making the joint pervious to the fluid. The common
packing is therefore dispensed with, and brings the valve to an elge, as
described. And to prevent the escape of the liquid through the screw joint
made by the cap g and through the packing ordinarily employed in connection
therewith, the diaphragm his employed, made independent of the follower i
and the valve d, and extending at its edge over a sharp edge k male on top
of the chamber a, the cap g screwing down upon the diaphragm and pressing
the edge k into the diaphragm, making the joint between the cap and chamber
perfectly tight, and thereby preventing all escape of the liquid by the threads
of the cap screw or the threads of the screw follower i. Instead of making
the sharp edge on the valve and the flat surface on its seat, the reverse may
be the construction, the valve having the flat surface and the seat the edge,
and so with the cap, it may have the sharp edge and the top of the chamber a
the flat surface, but the construction shown is considered to be the most prac-
ticable. The valve is shown in the Drawing as raised from its seat, it being
brought to this position (when the follower is raised) by a spring or lifter 1,
which has a central hole into which the valve fits (the valve having a flange
which rests upon the spring) and projections or legs m which rest upon a
seat n made around the valve chamber, as seen at A (which shows a top view

page_text: of the faucet chamber, the valve, and the spring or lifter 1). The legs or
projections m serve to centralize the valve and bring it properly into position
on its seat when pressed down by the follower. The follower is provided with
a shoe o at its lower end, the lower surface of which is made slightly convex;
as seen in the Drawing. The end of the follower enters this shoe, and the
diaphragm is held up in contact with it by its own spring and the spring of
the lifter which holds the valve up to the diaphragun. The follower turns
freely in the shoe without rotating it, and when the follower is screwed down
it presses down the diaphragm and the diaphragm the valve, until the latter
is brought firmly upon its seat, the upper surface of the valve being made
crowning, so that the pressure all around the edge of the valve is the same.
Where for various purposes metallic diaphragms have heretofore been ex-
tended across the chambers of cocks or faucets the practice is so far as
known to attach the diaphragm to the valve by a stem, but it is found that
in a faucet that is used continually the diaphragm soon breaks away at the
stem which connects it with the valve. The diaphragm is therefore made
independent of the valve, and to prevent wear by the grinding or friction of
the end of the follower upon its surface the shoe is employed, which simply
presses against and communicates motion to the diaphragm without rotating
against the same. Strainers are sometimes placed over the induction orifices
of faucets, but the area of the straining surface is so small that the holes soon
become obstructed. To increase the straining area a conical or tapering
strainer p is placed just within the mouth of the induction pipe, as seen in the
Drawing. This enables the induction orifice to be kept free for a long time,
while it prevents the entrance of foreign matters which might tend to obstruct
the valve in the chamber a.
Figures 6 and 7 of Sheet 5 of the Drawings show a device for supporting
and operating the wick, which in this instance is flat instead of circular,
although the same device is applied to the circular wick. In said Figure 6
the reservoir for containing the hydrocarbon fluid is shown at A, and the
insulator B, the wick tube connecting the two being shown at C. The wick
is supported by a rectangular foraminous tube or carrier E sliding loosely
within the wick tube C, and being raised and lowered by means of a notched
wheel D, which is made and applied alongside of the tube in such manner
that its teeth shall work into one of the vertical rows of perforations with
which the wick supporter is punctured, and by its revolution raise and lower the
wick, at the same time the supporter retains the wick in place after it becomes
stretched and prevents it sagging and dropping from its proper position. The
lower end of the wick carrier E has a leg or wire a secured to each corner,

page_text: for the purpose of protecting the wick, and answering as a stop for the down-
ward movement of such wick or its carrier. Surmounting the insulator B is
a cylindrical drum F open at bottom, and with its lower edge serrated or
notched in order to form air inlets for the inrush of air. A foraminous chute
or tube G rises upward from or is a continuation of the wick tube, and extends
upward into and through the head of the drum F, and serves to convey air
through its interstices to the flame or vapour arising from the combustion of
the hydrocarbon fluids taken up by the wick.
Long and careful experiments have been made to determine the proper size
of the foraminous chute G in its relation to the wick, in order to admit the
requisite amount of air to the vapour or flame to obtain the greatest amount
of heat from it, and to destroy its illuminating properties. It has been found
that the relative sizes as shown in the Drawings is the nearest approach to
perfection in this particular which is capable of being attained.
Figures 1, 2, and 3¹ of Sheet 5 of the Drawings show an improved sad or
smoothing iron to be used in connection with aerovapor stoves, and is con-
structed as follows:-In the Drawings A denotes the body of the iron, while B
is its handle, and C the chamber within such body. This chamber has an
induction passage a made through the heel of the iron and leading into such
chamber. There is also an eduction or discharge passage or flue b carried
out of the chamber C at or near the toe of the iron, in manner as shown in
Figure 2. The two ranges of heat intercepting and deflecting posts are
represented in Figure 31 at d, d, d, e, e, e, as projecting backward from a
common post f, and increasing in their distance asunder as they approach the
opening a at the heel of the iron. The spaces 9, 9, between the external sides
of the ranges and the inner sides of the chamber C may be made wider at
the toe than at the heel of the iron, in order to more readily carry off the heat
or flame which may pass into them from the spaces between the posts. The
arrows in Figure 3' exhibit the manner in which the flame passes through the
angular space between the rows of posts, and by the posts is deflected into
the spaces g, g. By the aforesaid arrangement of the posts the flame will be
equally distributed within the chamber C, and thus more equally heat the iron
than would be the case were they arranged indiscriminately within the
chamber, or in the manner in which it has been customary to arrange them
prior to this Invention.
Figures 5 and 6 of Sheet 3 of the Drawings show a device for supporting
the above-described said iron upon the stove, and for allowing the excess of
heat to pass around and in contact with its outer surface. Such device
consists of a metallic ring A having two parallel cross bars a, a, running

page_text: across it from side to side, the centre of each of such cross bars being con-
nected to the inner circumference of the ring A by a short transverse bar B.
A series of points or posts rise upward from the upper surface of the bars A, A,
and a, a, as represented in the Drawing, and serve to support the sad iron in
its proper position thereon, at the same time answering as a support for the
various cooking utensils employed with or belonging to the stove. The open-
work nature of the device above described allows the excess of heat over and
above what is taken into the interior of the iron to pass, as before observed,
around and in contact with its outer surface, thus materially hastening or
aiding in the heating of it, as well as to prevent the heat from being crowded
back into the body of the stove. It will be seen that the iron may be applied
to the device with its handle to either side thereof.
Figure 8 of Sheet 5 of the accompanying Drawings shows an oven of this
Invention adapted to the class of stoves or heating apparatus herein-before
described, the construction of such oven being as follows:-A, A¹, denote two
cases or boxes of such a size and so combined together as to leave an air or
non-conducting heat space a between the two. The inner box or case A¹ has
an aperture B for applying the oven to the stove, and there is further
disposed within the interior of the inner case or oven A¹ a shield or guard C
for spreading or deflecting the heat from the burner around the sides and
throughout the interior of the oven, and keep it from direct contact with the
articles of food. Owing to the absence of any impurities or objectionable
qualities in the heat from the combustion of the hydrocarbon such heat may
be admitted directly into the oven, instead of being carried through flues and
in contact with large radiating surfaces, as is the case with ordinary stoves,
thus greatly economizing the amount of fuel consumed. The amount of heat
admitted to the oven is also perfectly controlled and regulated.