IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF SULPHURIOUS, SULPHURIC, AND HYDROCHLORIC ACIDS, AND PRODUCTS ARISING THEREFROM, SUCH SULPHATES OF SODA, MAGNESIA, POTASH, AND ALUMINA, ALUM, OXIDE OF ALUMINA, THE CHLORIDES OF POTASSIUM AND SODIUM, PHOSPHATE AND PHOSPHITE OF LIME AND OCHRE
Year: 1871

page_text: .
LETTERS PATENT to Hartley Kenyon, of the City of Manchester,
Manufacturing Chemist, and Israel Swindells, of Warrington, in
the County of Lancaster, Analytical Chemist, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF SULPHURIOUS, SULPHURIC, AND
HYDROCHLORIC ACIDS, AND PRODUCTS ARISING THEREFROM, SUCH
SULPHATES OF SODA, MAGNESIA, POTASH, AND ALUMINA, ALUM, OXIDE OF
ALUMINA, THE CHLORIDES OF POTASSIUM AND SODIUM, PHOSPHATE AND
PHOSPHITE OF LIME AND OCHRE."
AB THE
Sealed the 7th July 1871, and dated the 12th January 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Hartley Kenyon and
Israel Swindells at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 12th January 1871.
We, HARTLEY KENYON, of the City of Manchester, Manufacturing
Chemist, and ISRAEL SWINDELLS, of Warrington, in the County of
Lancaster, Analytical Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
THE PRODUCTION OF SULPHURIOUS,
SULPHURIC AND HYDROCHLORIC ACIDS, AND PRODUCTS ARISING THEREFROM, SUCH
IN

page_text: AS THE SULPHATES OF SODA, MAGNESIA, POTASH, AND ALUMINA, ALUM, OXIDE OF
ALUMINA, THE CHLORICES OF POTASSIUM AND SODIUM, PHOSPHATE AND PHOSPHITE
OF LIME AND OCHRE," to be as follows:-
In the production of sulphurious and sulphuric acid we mix together
blue waste, or soda vat waste, and pyrites waste commonly known as
burned sulphur ore, and grind these together (in the proportions of
two of the former and one of the latter, more or less), when dry we place
the mixture in any ordinary kiln or furnace, into which we introduce
atmospheric air and superheated steam. The vapors then given off we
convey into towers along with superheated steam and atmospheric air,
and so produce sulphurious and sulphuric acids, or we deoxodise sulphate
of barium in a close furnace with twenty-five per cent. of carbonaceous
matter, which we withdraw after sulphide of barium is produced, we
then add ten or fifteen per cent. of sawdust or any similar carbonaceous
matters, mixing all together, and after drying we burn the mixture in
kilns as previously described, subjecting such mixture to superheated
steam heated to from 400 to 600 degrees Farenheit more or less, and
conveying the gases into towers for the various purposes required.
In the manufacture of salts, such as magnesia, we fill the tower with
dolomite or alumina, burnt coal pit shale, or other aluminous compound.
If phosphates are to be produced, we put in mineral phosphates.
In the manufacture of alumina and its salts we take pyrites or any
sulphur compounds, and coal pit shale or any compounds containing
alumina, and grind them together, and when dry burn in kilns at a
low temperature; any waste gas given off we convey to towers, we wash
out the alumina from the residue, and add a little sulphuric acid so as to
take up any oxide of alumina. We pass this sulphate of alumina into
any convenient vessels and precipitate the sulphate of iron and the
peroxides by any of the known methods, but preferring sulphite of lime
or other similar earths, and allow the sediment to subside, thus obtaining
the sesquioxide and peroxide of iron or ochre. The clear liquor may
then be drawn off into another vessel, and the alumina be precipitated
with oxide of mangnesium as herein-after described; the liquor thus
drawn off being now evaporated produces sulphate of magnesia. We
put a given quantity of the alumina precipitate herein-before described
into a lead vessel containing sulphuric acid heated by steam, and when
all the acid is saturated or combined the clear liquor may then be run
off into vessels, and becomes pure solid sulphate of alumina.

page_text: In the production of alums we put sulphuric acid and sulphate of
ammonia or sulphate of potash into a lead vessel heated by steam and
put in the equivalent of oxide of alumina, and when all is dissolved to
the proper strength it may be run off into vessels, thus forming solid
blocks of ammonia or potash alum.
In the production of sulphate of sodium we take vat waste commonly
known as soda makers' waste, and grind or saturate seven and a half
cwt. more or less of chloride of sodium or chloride of potassium with
one ton of such vat waste, dry this mixture and place in kilns, and
when a sufficient degree of heat is obtained we apply superheated
steam, the vapors given off being conveyed to towers for forming hydro-
chloric acid, and if we desire to make phosphate of lime we put in
such tower mineral phosphates, or if we want to make a triple salt we.
put "kenit
(a German salt composed of chloride of sodium, sulphate
of potash, and sulphate of magnesia) amongst the vat waste, and intro-
duce the mixture so formed into the kiln and treat it as before described.
and dissolve out the salts.
"
°
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Hartley Kenyon and Israel Swindells in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 12th July 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, HARTLEY.
KENYON, of the City of Manchester, Manufacturing Chemist, and ISRAEL
SWINDELLS, of Warrington, in the County of Lancaster, Analytical
Chemist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twelvth day of January, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the thirty-
fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said Hartley Kenyon and Israel Swindells,
Her special licence, that we, the said Hartley Kenyon, and Israel
Swindells, our executors, administrators, or assigns, or such others
as we, the said Hartley Kenyon and Israel Swindells, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and

page_text: vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
THE PRODUCTION OF SULPHURIOUS, SULPHURIC, AND HYDROCHLORIC ACIDS, AND
PRODUCTS ARISING THEREFROM, SUCH AS THE SULPHATES OF SODA, MAGNESIA,
POTASH, AND ALUMINA, ALUM, OXIDE OF ALUMINA, THE CHLORIDES OF POTASSIUM
AND SODIUM, PHOSPHATE AND PHOSPHITE OF LIME AND OCHRE," upon the con-
dition (amongst others) that we, the said Hartley Keynon, and Israel
Swindells, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under our, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Hartley Keynon and Israel
Swindells, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
-
In the production of sulphurious and sulphuric acids, we mix together
blue waste (known as soda makers' waste) and sulpher ore waste,
(known as pyrites waste) and grind the two together in the proportion
of two of the former and one of the latter, and when dry we place the
mixture in ordinary kilns or furnaces, into which we introduce atmo-
spheric air, and when a heat nearly approaching fuzing point has been
obtained we admit superheated steam of a temperature of from 400 to
600 degrees Farenheit, the vapors then given off we convey into towers
or chambers along with atmospheric air and steam, and condense them
in the usual way, so producing sulphuric acid. We deoxodise sulphate
of barium so producing sulphate of barium, to which latter we add from
ten to fifteen per cent. of sawdust, tan waste, or any other carbonaceous
matters, and mix or grind them together, and when dry we place the :
mixture in kilns or furnaces, admitting atmospheric air, and when a
reddish white heat is obtained we admit superheated steam of a temper-
ature of from 400 to 600 degrees Farenheit. The vapors now given
off we convey into towers or chambers, admitting atmospheric air and
steam as herein-before described, the residue being oxide of barium.
In the manufacture of alumina and its salts we take 15 cwt. of
30% sulpher ore for one ton of 20% phosphate of alumina or any
aluminious earths, we moisten these with water or with the washings of

page_text: The
previous operations, and grind them together and dry on kilns, and
when dry we burn in ordinary furnaces at a low temperature.
residue we lixivate with water and sufficient sulphuric acid to take
up all the oxide of alumina present. The clear liquor we free from any
iron solutions by a solution of blue waste liquor or sulphite and sulphide
of lime in any convenient vessel; this last mentioned liquor we evapo-
rate to proper strength for obtaining sulphate of alumina. If oxide of
alumina be required to the last-mentioned liquor, oxide of magnesia
is added in sufficient quantity to take the place of the oxide of alumina
which falls down. If alum is required we add its equivalent of sulphate
If
of ammonia or sulphate of potash and crystalize in the usual way.
we require to produce phosphate and phosphite of lime we burn phos-
phate of alumina and sulpher ore, lixivate with sulphuric acid and
water, and precipitate the phosphoric acid and iron by a solution of
sulphite and sulphide of lime or any similar salts. In the conversion
of chlorides of soda, potash, or magnesia we use one ton of blue waste
to every seven and a half cwt. of chloride of soda, potash, or magnesia;
we grind or mix these together, and when dry we place the mixture
in kilns or furnaces, admitting atmospheric air, and when a red heat
is obtained we admit superheated steam of a temperature of from 400
to 600 degrees Farenheit, or we take "kenite" known as a German
salt, and its equivalent of sulpher either in blue waste or sulpher ore,
and we grind these together, and when dry place the mixture in kilns
or furnaces and burn at a low temperature, admitting atmospheric air
and superheated steam of the temperature herein-before mentioned,
the vapors being conveyed into towers for producing hydrochloric
acid.
Having thus particularly described and ascertained the nature of this
our said Invention, together with the best methods with which we are
acquainted for carrying the same into practical effect, we wish it to be
understood that we do not confine ourselves to the precise details, relative
proportions, or degrees of temperature herein-before mentioned, as the
same may be considerably varied without departing from the Invention ;
but what we claim is,-
1st. The manufacture of sulphurious and sulphuric acids by mixing
together blue waste and pyrites waste, and burning the same in the
presence of atmospheric air and superheated steam or by mixing together
sulphide of barium and carbonaceous matters, and burning the same

page_text: in the presence of atmospheric air and superheated steam, as herein-
before described.
"
2nd. The production of sulphates and hydrochloric acid by mixing
together blue waste or sulpher ore with chloride of soda, chloride of
potash, or chloride of magnesia, separately or combined, or mixing a
❝ kenite a German salt, with sulpher ore or vat waste, and burning
the same in the presence of atmospheric air and superheated steam,
the gas given off being hydrochloric acid and the residue being a sulphate
of the salt operated upon, as herein-before described.
3rd. The manufacture of alum, sulphate of alumina, oxide of alumina, 1
phosphate and phosphite of lime by mixing together phosphate of
alumina, coal pit shale, or other aluminious earths with sulpher ore,
burning the same at the lowest possible temperature in the presence
of atmospheric air and superheated steam, as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, we, the said Hartley Kenyon and Israel 1
Swindells, have hereunto set our hands and affixed our seals, this
Eleventh day of July, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and seventy-one.
Witness,
JOHN G. WILSON,
Patent Agent,
71, Market Street,
Manchester.
HARTLEY (L.S.) KENYON.
ISRAEL
(L.S.) SWINDELLS.