PapoSancture of Druses.
Year: 1885

page_text: PapoSancture of Druses.
I, WILLIAM CLARK, of the firm of A. M. and Wm. Clark, of 53, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Fellow of the Institute of Patent Agents, do hereby
declare the nature of this Invention a communication to me from abroad by Pierre
Paul Audoye of 24 Rue du Quatre Septembre, Paris France, Engineer to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of brushes and it
consists in improved means of attaching the bristles to the stocks of brushes
whereby the necessity of boring the latter to form sockets to receive the tufts of
bristles or their equivalents is dispensed with.
According to this invention the bristles or tufts are inserted in thimbles of
cylindrical, truncated conical or truncated pyramidal form and united together in
pairs which thimbles are then fixed to the brush stock without requiring any
holes or recesses to be made therein for their reception. The thimbles may be
made in any of the ways hereinafter described, and of any suitable material. The
accompanying drawings show several kinds of thimbles provided with bristles as
well as various ways of fixing the thimbles.
Figure 1 shows three pairs of thimbles containing tufts of bristles, united
together at their lower ends.
Figure 2 shows a longitudinal section of a thimble drawn on a larger scale.
Each thimble a is made of metallic wire or other sufficiently rigid material
wound in the shape of a cone, into which the tuft of bristles b is forcibly inserted.
To form the thimbles, the wire of one thimble of each pair is wound from
the bottom upwards and that of the other from top to bottom, the two thimbles
being connected by the portion of the same wire of which both thimbles are
made.
The tufts of bristles are then secured by strings d which hold them either all
together or in pairs or separately in each conical recess in which they are tightly
pressed.
Figure 3 shows another thimble of truncated conical form in plan, elevations
and section formed by stamping from a sheet of metal or casting and coupled
together, like those in figure 1 by a metallic bridge piece c.

page_text: Figure 6 shows another way of making the thimbles for holding the tutts of
bristles. These thimbles are formed of rows of wires laid horizontally and crossed
by others at certain angles so as by their intersection to form recesses of the shape
of truncated cones or pyramids.
Figure 7 shows another form of thimble made of a piece of cylindrical tubing a
of suitable dimensions; the tuft of bristles b being inserted in this tube and fixed
tightly by choking the tube at h.
Figure 8 shows a section of another thimble made of cylindrical tubing a in
which the tuft of bristles is inserted and fixed tightly therein by a wedge i which
may also enclose the tuft of bristles.
The coupled thimbles made in any of the ways described or in other manner are
fixed on a flat stock or mount by either of the several ways hereinafter described
or otherwise.
Figure shows one method of fixing the thimbles.
In this case a frame or holder of sheet metal is employed formed with spaces to
receive the thimbles a which rest by their wire connections c upon the division
plates of the frame, the thimbles being held in place by the ties d at bottom or
in any other suitable manner.
Figure 10 shows the same method of fixing but in which single thimbles can be
used secured in a holder of perforated sheet metal by soldering or otherwise.
Figure 11 shows a plan and section of another mode of fixing the bristles.
In this case a holder is employed constructed of three perforated plates k,l m in
the holes of which the tufts of bristles are directly inserted without thimbles; the
holes in these three partitions representing sections of an imaginary cone enclosing
the tufts in a similar manner to a solid thimble. The tufts are secured together
beneath the plate m by ties d.
Figure 12 shows a plan view of a frame or holder formed of wires at A and of
sheet metal partition plates at B thus allowing of the use either of single or
of coupled thimbles. A single tie n passed round the thimbles a holds them in
place at their upper ends by resting either on the trellis o or on the partition p the
lower ends of the thimbles being fixed in position by means of a tie d' which is
twisted round a wire q placed beneath the support o.
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The partitions p are provided
with holes for the passage of the tie d.
Figure 5 shows the manner of fixing the thimbles upon a disc holder for this
purpose the bridges c which connect the two thimbles of a pair are received in
notches or recesses of made in the periphery of a dise A; The disc is provided with
a circles of holes g corresponding in number to that of the recesses f; through
which holes are passed the ties which connect the two thimbles of a pair together
at their lower part.
A number of these discs provided with tufts may be combined together the discs
being separated from each other by discs having a thickness equal to the largest
diameter of the thimbles. In this manner cylindrical or conical brushes can be
made according as the discs are of equal or different diameters.
Figure A shows a front view plan, and end view of an arrangement in which
the tufts 1 are fixed in a U shaped holder 2 made of any suitable material, the
sides of which are perforated with two lines of holes for the insertion of the wires 3
which hold the tufts of bristles.
Figure B shows a front view and section of a disc a made of any material
provided with radial slots b in which mounts c, carrying the bristles, are inserted.
Figures 13 and 14 show an elevation and section of another mode of mounting
the tufts of bristles upon holders of disc form. Figure 15 is a section of one half
of one of the discs separately.
a is a flat disc made of any suitable material formed with a recess 6 in its edge
provided with a perforation c. To make a brush two similar discs are placed
together, as shown in Figure 14 and into the recess formed by the two half
cavities 6 the tuft of bristles is inserted and fixed by a tie passed through the
holes c. The two discs are then fixed together by means of screws, rivets, or any

page_text: pasteboard gutta percha, hard india rubber, etc.
Figure 16 shows a section of a disc a in which the recesses b of the disc just
described are replaced by rings e forming a conical recess for the bristles; two
such discs are fixed together and the bristles are secured by any kind of tie.
Figure 17, shows a similar arrangement but in which only one disc a is
used and the rings e are replaced by double eyelets f of inverted form. As in the
preceding case these supports are made of different sizes so as to form a conical
recess for the bristles.
Figures 18 and 19. show an elevation and section of another arrangement for
fixing the bristles.
Figure 20 shows an edge view of the brush in the flat.
A corrugated strip is fixed by means of screws or rivets on each side of the
disc a forming recesses in which the bristles are placed and secured by any kind
of ties passing through holes made in the disc below the corrugations.
Figure 21 shows recesses g made of strips of corrugated metal, or other material
such as leather for example arranged on both sides of the disc a.
Figure 22 shows a section of a disc a made of two similar parts cast or otherwise
formed with recesses b to receive the bristles.
Figure 23 shows a cast iron plate formed with a double series of recesses a and
closed on each side by corresponding plates fixed by means of studs b. Figure 24
shows a similar plate but in which the recesses are only on one side and are closed
by the flat side of the next plate.
Figure 25 shows a similar arrangement in which the several plates are connected
together by means of tongues b which are received in corresponding depressions made
in the adjoining plates. Figure 26 shows a front view of the discs represented in
Figures 23 and 24. Figure 27 shows another arrangement consisting of a ring
provided with holes a through which the wire that fixes the bristles is passed.
Figures 28 to 42 show further modifications in the mode of fixing the bristles in
recesses all on the same principle as those before described. Figure 28 shows an
elevation and section of a thimble a containing bristles b secured by means of
ties c; the thimble is provided with a screw shank & by which to fix it to the
body or stock of the brush.
Figure 29 shows a holder made of two screw rings of different diameters.
Figure 30 represents an elevation and two sections of two arrangements of circular
brushes. The brush stock is composed of a disc f made of wood or any other
suitable material provided on its periphery with one or more grooves & in which
the bristles are placed and where they are fixed by means of wire or other ties
passed through the holes b and when the bristles are in place a covering ring h
made of metal or any other material is fixed on each side of the disc f. Any
number of these discs can be combined together so as to form a cylindrical brush,
the discs being held together by end clamps h.
Figure 32 shows an elevation and Figure 33 a section of an arrangement of
circular brush composed of a central ring g made of metal wood or any other
material and two outer rings i, i, held at a suitable distance apart by means of
studs . The three rings gi, i, are notched to receive the wires c, which form
rectangular or square holders for the bristles at the periphery of the brush.
Figure 34 shows a transverse section and Figure 35 a partial plan view of a
brush stock preferably made of metal formed of two discs m m' provided at the
periphery with conical recesses n semicircular in cross section. These recesses are
open on one side and are provided with holes o for fixing the bristles. P are
clamping rings for covering the recesses 2.
The disc m is provided around its periphery with a number of recesses g and
the disc m with a corresponding number of projections r fitting there into.
When the desired number of discs m and m¹ has been combined so as to form
a cylindrical brush of suitable length, the whole is fixed tightly between two end
discs provided with arms and bosses for mounting on a spindle.

page_text: Figure 36 shows a plan view and transverse section of an arrangement of
thimble cast in one piece; the thimbles being of the form shown in figures 7 and 8
and like the latter provided with holes o closed by rings or plates p. It will be
understood that by combining a number of these discs, brushes of different shapes
may be obtained having for example curved or corrugated surfaces as shown in
figure 41.
Figure 37 shows a flat brush formed of a series of bars a carrying thimbles in
which the bristles b are fixed. The bars a are separated by strips c and are clamped
tightly together, by means of one or more screws d, in a frame e.
Figure 38 shows a similar arrangement but in which all the thimbles a are cast
in one piece.
Figure 39 shows the same arrangement applied to a cylindrical brush.
Figures 41 and 42 show a mode of fixing the bristles which permits of brushes
being very simply and cheaply made of any required shape. The bristles are fixed
in a sheet a of any fabric such as india rubber, linoleum or any other flexible
material. When the bristles have been fixed in the material, it is cut up into
strips a figure 41 and fixed in any suitable manner by glueing, cementing rivetting,
etc, on the body c of the brush as shown.

page_text: I, WILLIAM CLARK, of the firm of A. M. and Wm. Clark, of 53, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Fellow of the Institute of Patent Agents, do hereby
declare the nature of this Invention (a communication to me from abroad by
Pierre Paul Audoye of 24 Rue du Quatre Septembre Paris France Engineer) and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This Invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of brushes, and it
consists in improved means of attaching the bristles to the stocks of brushes
whereby the necessity of boring the latter to form sockets to receive the tufts of
bristles or their equivalents is dispensed with. According to this Invention the
bristles or tufts are inserted in thimbles of cylindrical truncated, conical, or
truncated pyramidal form and united together in pairs which thimbles are then
fixed to the brush stock without requiring any holes or recesses to be made therein
for their reception. The thimbles may be made in any of the ways hereinafter
described and of any suitable material.
The accompanying drawings show several kinds of thimbles provided with
bristles as well as various ways of fixing the thimbles.
Figure 1. shows three pairs of thimbles containing tufts of bristles united
together at their lower ends; figure 2. shows a longitudinal section of a thimble
drawn on a larger scale. Each thimble a is made of metallic wire or other
sufficiently rigid material wound in the shape of a cone into which the tuft of
bristles b is forcibly inserted To form the thimbles the wire of one thimble of
each pair is wound from the bottom upwards and that of the other from top to
bottom, the two thimbles being connected by the portion c of the same wire of
which both thimbles are made. The tufts of bristles are then secured by strings d
which hold them either all together or in pairs or separately in each conical recess
in which they are tightly pressed.
Figure 3 shows another thimble of truncated conical form in plan, elevation, and
section, formed by stamping from a sheet of metal or casting, and coupled together
like those in figure 1 by a metallic bridge piece c, figure 6 shows another way of
making the thimbles for holding the tufts of bristles. These thimbles are formed
of rows of wires laid horizontally and crossed by others at certain angles so as by
their intersection to form recesses of the shape of truncated cones or pyramids;
figure 7 shows another form of thimble made of a piece of cylindrical tubing a of
suitable dimensions, the tuft of bristles b being inserted in this tube and fixed
tightly by choking the tube at h; figure 8 shows a section of another thimble made
of cylindrical tubing a in which the tuft of bristles is inserted and fixed tightly
therein by a wedge i which may also be external of the tuft of bristles. The
coupled thimbles made in any of the ways described, or in other manner are fixed
on a flat stock or mount by either of the several ways hereinafter described or
otherwise.
Figure 9. shows one method of fixing the thimbles. In this case a frame or
holder of sheet metal is employed, formed with spaces to receive the thimbles a
which rest by their wire connections c upon the division plates ; of the frame, the

page_text: thimbles being held in place by the ties dat bottom or in any other suitable
manner; figure 10 shows the same method of fixing, but in which single thimbles
can be used secured in a holder of perforated sheet metal by soldering or otherwise
figure 11 shows plan and section of another mode of fixing the bristles. In this
case a holder is employed constructed of three perforated plates k l m in the holes
of which the tufts of bristles are directly inserted without thimbles, the holes in
these three partitions representing sections of an imaginary cone enclosing the
tufts in a similar manner to a solid thimble. The tufts are screwed together
beneath the plate m by tics d.
Figure 12. shows a plan view of a frame or holder formed of wires at A and of
sheet metal partition plates at B thus allowing of the use either of single or of
coupled thimbles. A single tie n passed round the thimbles a holds them in place
at their upper ends by resting either on the trellis o or on the partition p the lower
ends of the thimbles being fixed in position by means of a tie d which is twisted
round a wire q placed beneath the support o. The partitions p are provided with
holes for the passage of the tie d.
Figure 5. shows the manner of fixing the thimbles upon a disc holder. For this
purpose the bridges c which connect the two thimbles of a pair are received in
notches or recesses f made in the periphery of a disc A. The disc is provided with
a circle of holes g corresponding in number to that of the recesses f through which
boles are passed the ties & which connect the two thimbles of a pair together at
'their lower part. A number of these discs provided with tufts may be combined
together, the discs being separated from each other by discs having a thickness
equal to the largest diameter of the thimbles. In this manner cylindrical or conical
brushes can be made according as the discs are of equal or different diameters.
Figure A shows a front view, plan, and end view of an arrangement in which
the tufts 1 are fixed in a U-shaped holder 2 made of any suitable material, the
sides of which are perforated with two lines of holes for the insertion of the wires 3
which hold the tufts of bristles.
Figure B shows a front view and section of a disc a made of any material
provided with radial slots b in which mounts c carrying the bristles are inserted.
Figures 13 and 14 show an elevation and section of another mode of mounting
the tufts of bristles upon holders of disc form; figure 15 is a section of one half of
one of the discs separately. a is a flat disc made of any suitable material formed
with a recess b in its edge provided with a perforation c. To make a brush two
similar discs are placed together as shown in figure 14 and into the recess formed
by the two half cavities 6 the tuft of bristles is inserted and fixed by a tie passed
through the holes c. The two discs are then fixed together by means of screws,
rivets, or any other means. The discs can be made of any material such as sheet
or cast iron, pasteboard, gutta-percha, hard india-rubber etc.
Figure 16 shows a section of a disc a in which the recesses 6 of the disc just
described are replaced by rings e forming a conical recess for the bristles; two such
discs are fixed together and the bristles are secured by any kind of tie; figure 17
shows a similar arrangement, but in which only one disc a is used and the rings e
are replaced by double eyes f of inverted form. As in the preceding case,
these supports are made of different sizes so as to form a conical recess for the
bristles; figures 18 and 19 show an elevation and section of another arrangement
for fixing the bristles.
Figure 20 shows an edge view of the brush in the flat. A corrugated strip is
fixed by means of screws or rivets on each side of the disc a forming recesses b in
which the bristles are placed and secured by any kind of ties passing through holes
made in the disc below the corrugations; figure 21 shows recesses g made of strips
of corrugated metal or other material such as leather for example, arranged on both
sides of the disc a; figure 22 shows a section of a disc a made of two similar parts
cast or otherwise formed with recesses b to receive the bristles.
Figure 23 shows a cast-iron plate formed with a double series of recesses a and
|‘closed on each side by corresponding plates fixed by means of studs b; figure 24

page_text: shows a similar plate, but in which the recesses are only on one side, and are closed
by the flat side of the next plate; figure 25 shows a similar arrangement in which
the several plates are connected together by means of tongues b which are received
in corresponding depressions made in the adjoining plates; figure 26 shows a front
view of the discs represented in figures 23 and 24; figure 27 shows another
arrangement consisting of a ring provided with holes a through which the wire
that fixes the bristles is passed.
Figures 28 to 42 show further modifications in the mode of fixing the bristles in
recesses, all on the same principle as those before described. Figure 28 shows an
elevation and section of a thimble a containing bristles b secured by means of
ties c, the thimble is provided with a screw-shank d by which to fix it to the body
or stock of the brush; figure 29 shows a holder made of two screw rings e e¹ of
different diameters; figure 30 represents an elevation and two sections of two
arrangements of circular brushes. The brush stock is composed of a disc f made of
wood or any other suitable material provided on its periphery with one or more
grooves a in which the bristles are placed and fixed by means of wire or other ties
passed through the holes b and when the bristles are in place a covering plate or
ring h made of metal or any other material is fixed on each side of the disc f. Any
number of these discs can be combined together so as to form a cylindrical brush
the discs being held together by end plates h. Figure 32 shows an elevation and
figure 33 a section of an arrangement of circular brush composed of a central ring g
made of metal wood or any other material, and two outer rings i held at a suitable
distance apart by means of studs. The three rings gii are notched to receive
the wires which form rectangular or square holders for the bristles at the
periphery of the brush; figure 34 shows a transverse section and figure 35 a partial
plan view of a brush stock preferably made of metal formed of two discs m m¹
provided at the periphery with conical recesses n semi-circular in cross section.
These recesses are open on one side and are provided with holes o for fixing the
bristles. Pare clamping rings for covering the recesses n. The disc m is provided
around its periphery with a number of recesses q and the disc m¹ with a corre-
sponding number of projections r fitting thereinto. When the desired number of
discs m. and m has been combined so as to form a cylindrical brush of suitable
length, the whole is fixed tightly between two end discs provided with arms and
bosses for mounting on a spindle.
Figure 36 shows a plan view and transverse section of an arrangement of thimble
cast in one piece, the thimbles being of the form shown in figures 7 and 8 and like
the latter provided with holes o closed by rings or plates 2. It will be understood
that by combining a number of these discs brushes of different shapes may be
obtained having for example curved or corrugated surfaces as shown in figure 41.
Figure 37 shows a flat brush formed of a series of bars a carrying thimbles in
which the bristles bare fixed. The bars a are separated by strips c and are clamped
tightly together by means of one or more screws in a frame e figure 38 shows a
similar arrangement, but in which all the thimbles a are cast in one piece;
figure 39 shows the same arrangement applied to a cylindrical brush.
Figures 41 and 42 show a mode of fixing the bristles which permits of brushes
being very simply and cheaply made of any required shape. The bristles are fixed
in a sheet a of any fabric such as india-rubber linoleum or any other flexible
material, which is then cut up into strips a¹ figure 41 and fixed in any suitable
manner by glueing cementing, rivetting, etc on the body c of the brush as shown.
. Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is;-
1st The mode of manufacturing brushes of all kinds, which consists in fixing the
tufts of bristles to the stock by means of metal thimbles ferrules or sockets inserted
and fixed as herein described.

page_text: 2nd The use in the manufacture of brushes of wire thimbles coiled of truncated
conical form for holding the tufts of bristles as described and represented in
figures 1 and 2 and 6 and 9 of the accompanying drawings.
3rd The use in the manufacture of brushes of cylindrical or truncated conical
thimbles for holding the tufts of bristles made either singly or in pairs as described
with reference to figure 3 of the drawings and whether mounted upon a holder of
the kind represented in figure 5 or otherwise.
4th The manufacture of circular or curved brushes of plates connected together
in pairs and formed with recesses around their circumference to receive the bristles
as described with reference to figures 13. 14. 15. 18. 19. and 22 of the drawings.
5th The employment in the manufacture of brushes of bristle-holders composed
of wire-loops or rings e or double eyes f mounted upon discs or plates of any suitable
form as described with reference to figures 16 and 17 of the drawings.
6th The employment of corrugated strips of sheet metal or other material for
holding the bristles as described whether mounted on a disc a of the kind repre-
sented in figures 20 and 21 of the drawings or otherwise.
7th The manufacture of cylindrical brushes of juxtaposed plates or discs provided
with recesses a to receive the bristles around their periphery either on one or both
sides as described with reference to figures 23 to 27 and 34 and 35 of the drawings.
8th The use in the manufacture of brushes of thimbles a provided with screw
shanks d or screw rings e for holding the tufts of bristles and attaching them to
the brush stock by screwing as described with reference to figures 28 and 29 of the
drawings.
9th The manufacture of brushes of rings or plates between which the bristles are
held and secured as described with reference to figures A. 32 and 33 of the
drawings.
10th The employment in the manufacture of brushes of thimbles of the kind
described with reference to figure 30 of the drawings.