IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Harvey, of Hillside Estate, Vere, Jamaica,
and of 47, Lime Street, in the County of Middlesex, Sugar Planter
and Merchant, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Harvey at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th September 1872.
I, JAMES HARVEY, of Hillside Estate, Vere, Jamaica, and of 47, Lime
5 Street, in the County of Middlesex, Sugar Planter and Merchant, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF SUGAR AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR," to be as follows, that is
to say :—
This Invention has for its object to improve and cheapen the manu-
facture of sugar from cane or other saccharine juice, and comprises
arrangements more especially designed for tropical sugar estates.

page_text: In carrying the Invention into effect the juice is clarified in a first
series of pans, evaporated or concentrated in a second series of pans, and
finally made into sugar in a granulating pan.
The clarifying and evaporating pans are by preference of a rectangular
form, and are heated by means of steam admitted into casings formed
under their bottoms. To increase the heating surface vertical tubes are
fixed in the bottoms of the pans, such tubes having their upper ends
closed and their lower ends open to the steam.
The granulating pan is shaped like the segment of a horizontal
cylinder as made by a horizontal plane below the axis, and there is fitted
to revolve above and within this pan a hollow drum or cylinder con-
sisting by preference of a shell of copper on an iron frame.
This drum
is mounted on trunnions, through one of which steam is admitted into
its interior, and its outer surface is furnished with a number of scoops,
flanges, or other suitable projections, so as to present a large surface. A
casing is formed under the pan for the admission of steam to keep the
syrup in the pan in a heated state, and this heated syrup is taken up by
the drum as the latter revolves, and is exposed thereon in thin films,
from which the heat of the drum causes a rapid evaporation.
With the apparatus herein-before described the entire process, as
carried out on the estate, is conducted, without any direct application
of fire heat to any pans or vessels containing juice, syrup, or sugar,
whereby improved results are obtained and economy of fuel realised,
the steam used throughout being produced by a single boiler or set of
boilers.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James Harvey in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 25th February 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
HARVEY, of Hillside Estate, Vere, Jamaica, and of 47, Lime Street, in
the County of Middlesex, Sugar Planter and Merchant, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of September, in the year of
our Lord, One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the thirty-

page_text: sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said James Harvey, Her special licence that I,
the said James Harvey, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said James Harvey, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
SUGAR AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said James Harvey, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Harvey, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement in writing, and on reference being had to the
accompanying Drawings, that is to say:-
My said Invention has for its object to improve and cheapen the
manufacture of sugar from cane or other saccharine juice, and comprises
arrangements more especially designed for tropical sugar estates.
In carrying my Invention into effect, the entire process, as con-
ducted on the estate, is managed without any direct application of fire
heat to any pans or vessels containing juice, syrup, or sugar, whereby
improved results are obtained, there being no possibility of burning the
juice, syrup, or sugar, whilst fuel and labour are greatly economised, the
steam used throughout being produced by a single boiler or set of boilers.
A further result will be less cost and greater durability of the vessels
employed.
And in order that my said Invention and the manner of performing
the same may be properly understood, I hereunto append two Sheets of
explanatory Drawings, to be herein-after referred to, and representing
my improved arrangements and apparatus. In these Drawings the same

page_text: reference numerals are used to mark the same or like parts wherever
they are repeated.
Figure 1, on Sheet 1 of the Drawings, is an elevation, and Figure 2 is
à corresponding plan showing the general arrangement of all the various
pieces of apparatus, excepting the sugar-cane mill and its driving
gearing. The position of the steam engine however for working the
sugar-cane mill is shown at 1, and the mill itself, which may be of the
usual or any suitable known kind, is supposed to be situated where, if
shown, it would have been in front of the engine 1 in Figure 1, and
beneath it in Figure 2. A steam boiler 2 is provided for supplying steam
to the engine 1 and to the entire apparatus, or there may be two or more
such boilers if necessary or more convenient.
The saccharine juice is first clarified in a series of clarifying
pans 3, 3, 3, 3, which are mounted on iron pillars and framework, and
beneath which there are a series of settling tanks 4 (there being one
beneath each clarifying pan 3, although only the end one is shown in
Figure 1). From the settling tanks 4 the juice is transferred to a series
of evaporating pans 5, 5, 5, and after it is concentrated in these pans it
is transferred to settling tanks 6, 6, and thence to a series of granulating
pans 7, 7, 7.
The clarifying and evaporating pans 3, 5, which are shown in vertical
section and on an enlarged scale in Figures 3 and 4, on Sheet 2 of the
Drawings, are by preference of a rectangular form, and are heated by
means of steam admitted into casings 8 formed under their bottoms 9.
To increase the heating surface vertical tubes 10 are fixed in the
bottoms 9 of the pans, such tubes having their upper ends closed and
their lower ends open to the steam in the casings 8. The exhaust steam
from the engine 1 is used for heating the clarifying pans 3, being led
from the engine by pipe 11, with which each casing 8 communicates
by a branch pipe with a stop valve 12. The exhaust steam pipe 11 is
continued onwards to a receiver 13, constructed like a steam boiler,
wherein the steam becomes finally condensed, and thereby furnishes hot
feed water for the boiler 2. The evaporating or concentrating pans 5
requiring a greater heat than the first series or clarifiers 3, their bottom
casings 8 are supplied with steam directly from the boiler 2 by means of
the pipe 14, which communicates with each evaporating pan 5 by a
branch pipe and stop valve 15. The casings 8 of the clarifying pans 3

page_text: and of the evaporating pans 5 are each provided with a pipe 16 to drain
off water due to the condensation of steam in them and to lead such
water to a series of receivers 17, from which the water may be taken for
feeding the boiler 2. From the evaporating pans 5 the concentrated
juice or syrup is transferred to the settling tanks 6 by means of a
montjus 18, with which there communicates a branch pipe 19 from the
steam pipe 14, this same pipe 19 being also connected to the pans 5 by
stop valve branches 20, so as to serve for conveying the juice from the
pans to the montjus.
.
One of the granulating pans 7 is shown in transverse vertical section
on an enlarged scale in Figure 5, and in longitudinal vertical section in
Figure 6 on Sheet 2 of the accompanying Drawings. The pan 7 is
shaped approximately like the segment of a horizontal cylinder as made
by a horizontal plane below the axis, and there is fitted to revolve above
and within this pan a hollow drum or cylinder 21, consisting by pre-
ference of a shell of copper on iron frames 22. This drum 21, with its
frames 22, is mounted on a central shaft 23 formed with hollow
trunnions 24, 25, through one 24 of which steam is admitted into its
interior, whilst the water due to the condensation of steam in the interior
is taken up by internal scoops 26 near one end, and is led from such
scoops by pipes 27 into the other hollow trunnion 25, and thence
away. The drum 21 is formed with brass ends 28, having recurved
flanges, which prevent the syrup from getting upon the trunnions.
Longitudinal flanges 29, or scoops, or other suitable projections are fitted
or formed on the external cylindrical shell 21 of the drum to increase its
surface and to take up the more syrup from the pan 7 below. A casing
30, which is fitted to the under side of the pan 7, is supplied with steam
by a branch pipe and stop valve 31, the water of condensation passing
off by a pipe 32; and by these means the syrup in the pan 7 is kept in a
heated state, whilst the heated syrup is taken up by the drum 21 as it
revolves, and is exposed thereon in thin films, from which the heat of the
drum causes a rapid evaporation.
The drums 21 in the several granulating pans 7 are made to revolve
by gearing, which will be easily understood from the Drawings, and
which derives its motion from a steam engine indicated at 33, this
engine also serving for driving centrifugal draining machines 34. The
engine 33, the interiors of the drums 21, and the bottom casings 30 are

page_text: all supplied with steam directly from the boiler 2 by a continuation of
the pipe 14, which supplies the evaporating pans 5.
Having thus particularly described my said Invention, and the manner
of performing the same, I have to state that I do not restrict myself to
the precise details herein described or delineated, but that what I believe
to be novel and original, and claim as the Invention secured to me by
the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,―
1. The manufacturing of sugar by improved apparatus arranged or
combined together, and working substantially as herein-before described.
2. The applying of heat exclusively by means of steam, and substan-
tially as herein-before described, in all the stages of the sugar manu-
facture.
3. The heating of open clarifying and evaporating pans by means of
steam casings fitted with close topped tubes into which the steam has
access, as herein-before described.
4. The constructing of the granulating pan and its revolving drum in
the improved manner, substantially as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Harvey, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Thirty-first day of October, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two.
TATTO
TTDUTO