IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO GOVERNORS AND GOVERNING VALVES FOR STEAM AND OTHER MOTIVE POWER ENGINES
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Chadburn, of the City of Liverpool, in the
County of Lancaster, Optician, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Chadburn at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th August 1880.
WILLIAM CHADBURN, of the City of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Optician. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO GOVERNORS AND GOVERNING
VALVES FOR STEAM AND OTHER MOTIVE POWER ENGINES."
My Invention has for its object to simplify and render more sensitive the action
of gear or appliances for governing or preventing the racing of steam and other
motive power engines, and is particularly applicable as a governor for marine
steam engines.
My Invention relates to,---
First. To a novel construction and arrangement of governor to act directly on
the throttle or other controlling valve, or to act on and operate the valve of an
auxiliary cylinder, the piston of which works the throttle or other controlling
valve.
Second. To constructing auxiliary cylinders or engines (which are or may be
used to actuate the throttle or other controlling valve of the main engine) with a
cut off or controlling valve worked from the piston of such auxiliary cylinder, and
a steam admission valve worked and controlled by a governor, being the governor
described under the first part of this Invention, or other sensitive governor.
Under the first part my Invention consists in availing myself of the restraining
or retarding force of a spring of the spiral type subjected to torsion, that is to say,
I avail myself of the sensitive action of that end of a rotating spiral spring to
which an accelerated speed is suddenly imparted, the other end being retarded by
a paddle or equivalent means immersed in liquid. A governor constructed
according to my Invention, and which serves as an example of the principle which
I avail myself of, may consist of a vertical spiral spring covering a vertical spindle,
the lower end of which carries a paddle immersed in liquid, and to which paddle,

page_text: cither by direct attachment or by attachment to the spindle, the lower end of the
spring is fixed. The upper end of the spring is attached to a sleeve or nut having
a quick threaded female screw. On this sleeve or nut, which is carried by a
suitable bracket, there is mounted a V or other pulley, through which, by means
of a cord or band, rotary motion is imparted to the sleeve or nut, and thereby to
the spring and paddle, the speed corresponding to the speed of the prime mover or
engine from which the governor receives 'motion. Passing through the sleeve or
nut is a spindle with a quick threaded screw corresponding to that of the nut.
The lower end of this spindle ships over the upper end of the spindle of the paddle,
and slides on a keyway thereon. The upper end of this screwed spindle is attached
to a lever, which is arranged to operate the throttle or other valve of the engine to
be controlled either by direct connection or through the medium of the auxiliary
valve apparatus hereafter described under the second part.
The method of operation is thus:-A fixed speed being given at which the main
engine should run, the length of the spiral spring is made to correspond with such
speed by correctly positioning the point of attachment of such spring to the spindle
of the paddle. If, say, the governor is set for sixty revolutions per minute, the
spring, the paddle, and the sleeve rotate at this speed, and the screwed spindle
remains in its normal vertical position. Any excess of speed which is imparted to
the sleeve, and thereby the spring, causes the spindle to run up the nut by reason
of the accelerated speed of one end of the spiral spring over the other end, which is
retarded by its connection with the paddle. The instant the speed lessens, the
screwed spindle resumes its normal position, and slides down the keyway in
connection with the spindle of the paddle. This application of the torsion of the
spiral spring produces a governor of extreme sensitiveness, which may be used
directly connected to the throttle or controlling valve of the main engines, or to
work the valve or valves of an auxiliary cylinder or engine, which acts directly on
the throttle or controlling valve of the main engine.
Under the second part my Invention consists in providing auxiliary cylinders or
engines (which are used to work the throttle or other controlling valve of the main
engine) with a cut off or controlling valve worked by the action or piston movement
of such auxiliary cylinder or engine, and with an admission valve of the equilibrium
type, which is worked by the action of the governor.
Hitherto such auxiliary cylinders or engines have only been made to act on the
throttle valve by a full stroke, or by steam admission through an ordinary slide
valve regulated by the action of the governor. According to my Invention I make
the action of such auxiliary cylinder or engine self controlling by providing such
cylinder with a false valve face or a cut off valve worked by the stroke of the
piston of such cylinder, the supply of steam being controlled by a valve, preferably
of the equilibrium type, which receives motion from the action of the governor,
which may be the governor described under the first part of this Invention, or
other sensitive governor.
By this part of my Invention I am enabled to control and work the throttle or
other valve evenly and by gradation as required, instead of by sudden and impulsive
action, as heretofore accomplished by governors of this type.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Chadburn in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 3rd
February 1881.
WILLIAM CHADBURN, of the City of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Optician. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO GOVERNORS AND GOVERNING
VALVES FOR STEAM AND OTHER MOTIVE POWER ENGINES."
My Invention has for its object to simplify and render more sensitive the action
of gear or appliances for governing or preventing the racing of steam and other
motive power engines, and is particularly applicable as a governor for marine steam
engines.
My Invention relates,—
First. To a novel construction and arrangement of governor, to act directly on
the throttle or other controlling valve, or to act on and operate the valve of an
auxiliary cylinder, the piston of which works the throttle or other controlling
valve.
Second. To constructing auxiliary cylinders or engines (which are or may be
used to actuate the throttle or other controlling valve of the main engine) with a
cut off or controlling valve worked from the piston of such auxiliary cylinder, and
a steam admission valve worked and controlled by a governor, being the governor
described under the first part of this Invention, or other sensitive governor.
Under the first part my Invention consists of a certain arrangement and combi-
nation of parts, in which I avail myself of the restraining or retarding force of a
spring of the spiral type subjected to torsion, that is to say, 1 avail myself of the
sensitive action of that end of a rotating spiral spring to which an accelerated
speed is suddenly imparted, the other end being retarded by a paddle, or equivalent
means, immersed in liquid.
Under the second part my Invention consists in providing auxiliary cylinders
or engines (which are used to work the throttle or other controlling valve of the
main engine) with a cut off or controlling valve worked by the action or piston
movement of such auxiliary cylinder or engine, and with an admission valve of the
equilibrium type, which is worked by the action of the governor.
Hitherto such auxiliary cylinders or engines have only been made to act on the
throttle valve by a full stroke or by steam admission through an ordinary slide
valve, regulated by the action of the governor. According to my Invention I make
the action of such auxiliary cylinder or engine self controlling by providing such
cylinder with a false valve face or a cut off valve worked by the stroke of the
piston of such cylinder, the supply of steam being controlled by a valve, preferably
of the equilibrium type, which receives motion from the action of the governor,
which may be the governor described under the first part of this Invention, or
other sensitive governor.
The beforegoing being the nature, object, and purposes of my Invention, I will
now proceed to illustrate and define how my Invention may be practically applied,
and for that purpose I have hereunto attached two Sheets of Drawings illustrative
thereof, which are marked with letters and figures of reference corresponding with
those in the following explanation, like letters and figures being used to denote
the same or corresponding parts throughout the various views and Figures.
In the Drawings,-
Figure 1 is an elevation, shown partly in section, of a governor and governing
valve arrangement constructed according to my Invention.
Figures 2, 3, and 4 are details of the governing valve according to my Invention.
Under the first part, reference to Figure 1, a governor constructed according to
my Invention, and which serves as an example thereof, consists of the spiral

page_text: spring A covering a spindle B, the lower end of which is attached to a paddle or
its equivalent C, immersed in liquid within the box D. The upper end of the
spring A is attached to a sleeve F provided with a nut G, having a quick threaded
female screw. On the sleeve F, which is carried by the bracket H, there is mounted
a V or other pulley J, through which, by means of a cord, or band, or equivalent
connecting means from the engine shaft, rotary motion is imparted to the sleeve F
and nut G, and thereby to the spring A and the paddle C, the speed corresponding
to the speed of the prime mover or engine from which the governor receives
motion. Passing through the sleeve F and nut G, and between the sleeve F and
the spindle B, is a hollow spindle K, provided with a prolonged spindle L, having a
quick threaded screw corresponding to that of the nut G through which it passes.
The hollow spindle K, as shown, ships over the upper end of the spindle B and slides
on a keyway a thereon. The upper end of the screwed spindle L is connected by
the links M to the lever N, which is arranged to operate the throttle or other valve
of the engine to be controlled either by direct connection or through the medium of
the auxiliary valve apparatus, as shown and hereafter described under the second
part. The speed and strength of the governor is controlled by the position of
attachment of the spring A to the spindle B, or by the spring N' hereafter spoken of.
The method of operation of the governor illustrated is thus :-A fixed speed being
given at which the main engine should run, the length of the spiral spring A. is made
to correspond with such feed by correctly positioning the point of attachment of the
spring A to the spindle B, by adjusting the nut B which attaches the spring A to
the spindle B. If the governor is set for say eighty revolutions per minute, the
spring A, the spindle B, the paddle C, and the sleeve F, and nut Ġ, rotate at this
speed, and the screwed spindle L remains in its normal position. Any excess of
speed which is imparted to the sleeve F by the pulley J, and thereby given to the
spring A, causes the spindle L to run up the nut G by reason of the accelerated
speed of one end of the spring A over the other end, which is retarded by its
connection with the paddle C. The instant the speed of the pulley J, lessens, the
screwed spindle L resumes its normal position by the action of the springs A and
N¹. The latter is adjustable and is provided with a pointer which indicates the
revolutions on the outside of the spring barrel N". This arrangement and
construction of governor has extreme sensitiveness, and may directly connected
to the throttle or controlling valve of the main engines, or used to work the valve
or valves of an auxiliary cylinder or engine, which acts directly on the throttle
or controlling valve of the main engine.
Under the second part, reference to Figures 1 and 2, my Invention consists in
providing auxiliary cylinders or engines, such as P (which are used to work the
throttle or other controlling valve of the main engine by their piston rod Q), with
a cut off or controlling valve R, worked by the action or piston movement of the
auxiliary cylinder or engine P. I also provide the cylinder P with an admission
valve S of the equilibrium type, which is worked by the action of the governor.
In the example shown in the Drawings, Figure 1 is an outside elevation of an
arrangement of governor and auxiliary cylinder or engine according to my
Invention; Figure 2 is a sectional elevation of the auxiliary cylinder or engine;
Figure 3 is a section at X, Figuro 2; Figure 4 is a section at Z, Figure 3. P is the
auxiliary cylinder; Q, the piston rod; R, the cut off or controlling valve; S, the
admission valve; T, steam inlet; U, exhaust. The piston rod Q is connected to
the lever V which works the cut off valve R by means of the rod R¹. The admission
valve S is of the equilibrium type, and in the example shown consists of a piston
working within a cylindrical casing on the back of the cut off valve R, the cut off
valve R forming a false face working on the valve face of the cylinder P. e is
the steam inlet port to the top of the cylinder P; is the steam inlet port to the
bottom of the cylinder P. The port h is intercepted by a valve k regulated by the
set screw. This valve is used to throttle the inlet of steam to the bottom of the
cylinder, but to allow free egress for the exhaust. By the introduction of a cut off
or controlling valve, such as R, worked by the piston movement of the cylinder P, a
h

page_text: means is afforded by which the throttle or other admission valve of the main
engines can be actuated evenly and by gradation, instead of by sudden and
impulsive action, as in operation the governer lever N, by the rod S', works the
equilibrium or other admission valve S, and gives steam to the top end of the
cylinder P. The downstroke of the piston rod Q works the cut off valve R, so
that the piston of the cylinder P is worked by gradation. The reduction of the
speed of the governor brings the valve S to its normal position, and throttled steam
enters the bottom of the cylinder P and forces the piston back to its normal
position and opens the throttle valve.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and shown how the same
may be put into practical operation, I would remark in conclusion that I am aware
that governors have been made prior to my Invention in which the restraining
force of a spiral spring subjected to torsion has been employed; I therefore
disclaim all other methods of this application except that shown and described in
this Specification, but with regard to the governing valve under the second part of
my Invention, I do not intend to contine the Patent of which this is the
Specification to the identical form of mechanical contrivances and valves herein
shown, as my Invention is not limited to the precise devices illustrated, but also
consists n the introduction of any cut off valve worked by the action of the
auxilliary cylinder.
I claim therefore as ny Invention and secured to me by the herein before in
part recited Letters Patent,-
Under the first part of my Invention, I claim,-
The construction, arrangement, and combination of parts forming an apparatus
for governing the speed of engines, substantially as described and shown in the
Drawings hereto annexed.
Under the second part of my Invention, I claim,---
First. In apparatus (for governing the speed of engines) in which an auxiliary
cylinder or engine is used, the use and application of a cut off or controlling valve
operated by the action of such auxiliary cylinder or engine, and working
independently of the admission valve operated by the governor, as herein described
and such as shown in the Drawings hereto annexed.
Second. In auxiliary cylinders or engines used to govern the throttle or other
controlling valve of engines, the arrangement and construction of cylinder and
valves substantially as herein described and shown at Figures 2, 3, and 4 of the
Drawings hereto annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Chadburn, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Second day of February, in the year of our Lord Oue
thousand eight hundred and eighty_one.
WILLIAM (L.S.) CHADBURN.