AN IMPROVED VENTILATOR
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Young, of South Shields, in the County of
Durham, Ship Owner, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED VENTILATOR."
Sealed the 17th April 1857, and dated the 20th October 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Young at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th October'
1856.
I, JAMES YOUNG, of South Shields, in the County of Durham, Ship Owner,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "AN IMPROVED
VENTILATOR," to be as follows:-
This Iuvention relates to an improved ventilator suitable for public build-
ings, offices, &c., but is more peculiarly adapted for the ventilating ships'
cabins, or between decks, and consists principally in preventing the water from
having shipped a sea, or other cause, descending through the ventilator to the
cabin or deck below, as is the case with those at present in use. To effect
this I construct a funnel or pipe of tin, iron, or other material, which may be
mnade round, or square, or any other suitable shape or form, having a hood or
elbow piece at the top; in the interior of said funnel or pipe there are a
series of projecting pieces, placed at an angle with the interior of said funnel,
one above the other, at a suitable distance apart, and placed alternately at the
opposite sides, and projecting inwards and upwards to a point past the centre
of said funnel, so that by these means the one above projects over the one

page_text: situated below on the opposite side, and thus effectually prevents the water
from descending through the ventilator, leaving a sufficient space between the
projecting pieces for the escape of the foul air upwards; the base of such
projecting pieces terminate in openings made in the outside or exterior of
said funnel, the effect of which is to carry off, by means of the projecting pieces,
any water that may have got in the interior of such funnel or pipe to the
exterior, and thence on to the deck; the aforesaid projecting pieces cause the
foul air to take a zig-zag course in its passage upwards through the interior
of the aforesaid funnel or pipe to the hood or place of exit.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Young in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
20th April 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS. SHALL COME, I, JAMES
YOUNG, of South Shields, in the County of Durham, Ship Owner, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the twentieth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
James Young, Her special licence that I, the said James Young, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said James Young, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED VENTILATOR," upon the condition.
(amongst others) that I, the said James Young, my executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
• NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Young, do hereby declare the.
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
thereof, that is to say:-
4

page_text: My Invention relates to an improved ventilator suitable for public buildings,
offices, &c., but is more peculiarly adapted for ventilating ships' cabins, or
"between decks," and consists principally in preventing the water arising from
the shipping of a sea, or from any other cause, from descending through
the ventilator into the cabin or deck below, as is now the case with ventilators
of the ordinary construction. To effect the objects of my said Invention
I construct, the improved ventilator in the manner herein-after described.
And in order to explain this Invention as completely as possible, I have
annexed to the accompanying Specification a Sheet of Drawings illustrative of
the construction of the improved ventilator, and have marked such said
Drawing with numeral figures, and corresponding parts thereof with similar
letters of reference where similar parts appear or can be seen, at each of such
prov
ure 2 an end
elevation thereof; Figure 3 a transverse and vertical section through the
line A, B, at Figure 1; Figure 4, a horizontal section through the line C, D,
at Figure 3.
a, a, is a funnel or pipe of tin, iron, or other suitable material, formed either
round, square, hexagonal, or other desired shape. The upper part of said funnel
or pipe terminates in a hood or elbow piece, the opening whereof is formed
enlarged or bell-mouthed. In this said funnel or pipe A, a series of openings
a', a², a³, and as, are made, and sloping pieces B of metal, or other suitable
material, are securely fixed therein, one above the other, at equal distances
asunder, and disposed alternately at opposite sides of said funnel; the upper
ledge of each of such said pieces is formed curved, as at Figure 3, such curved
part extending beyond the centre of the said funnel.or pipe, and this applies to
all of the pieces B, so that the top edge of each such piece shall project over
and beyond the top edge of that piece which is situated beneath, sufficient space
being left between each of such sloping pieces for the entrance of atmospheric
air and egress of vitiated air; these spaces, as also the openings at the outside
of the funnel or pipe A; being in proportion to the sectional area of said funnel.
C is a flange, securely fixed around the lower part of the funnel for affixing
the same on the deck of the vessel, a hole being made therein to establish a
communication between the inside of the ventilator and the cabin or deck
below. The effect and improvement in thus constructing the ventilator is as
follows: Suppose the vessel to ship a sea, and the water to enter the mouth
of the ventilator, the uppermost sloping piece B', which should be longer than

page_text: the other pieces (as exhibited at Figure 3), will divide the water as it enters
the funnel, one portion of the water passing off by the outlet a', and the other
portion by the outlet a', and if by chance any portion of the water should pass
the points 3 and 4, it will pass off by the openings a' and a, the vitiated air
passing off and the fresh air entering in the direction of the arrow's flight
when an opportunity presents itself, thus enabling the ventilator to be always
open to the atmosphere, notwithstanding the vessel may be shipping heavy seas
or water be otherwise entering the ventilator..
Having now fully described and set forth the nature and object of my said
Invention of "An Improved Ventilator," together with the best means I am
acquainted with for carrying the same into practical effect, I hereby declare my
Invention to consist in, and I claim, the constructing of a ventilator with sloping
pieces arranged inside, the same as exhibited at Figure 3, and openings in the
side of the ventilator for the purpose of carrying off any water which may enter
the ventilator, as above stated.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Young, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of April, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-seven.
Witness,
GEORGE METCALFE,
North Shields.
JAMES YOUNG. (L.S.)