IMPROVEMENTS IN MODERATOR LAMPS TO ADAPT THEM TO THE BURNING OF PETROLEUM AND OTHER MINERAL OILS AND HYDROCARBONS
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Cassell, of La Belle Sauvage Yard, in the
City of London, Publisher, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MODERATOR LAMPS TO ADAPT THEM TO THE BURNING OF PETROLEUM AND
OTHER MINERAL OILS AND HYDROCARBONS."-A communication from abroad
by Louis Martin, of Paris, France.
Sealed the 11th September 1863, and dated the 11th March 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Cassell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th March 1863.
I, JOHN CASSELL, of La Belle Sauvage Yard, in the City of London,
Publisher, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN MODERATOR LAMPS TO ADAPT THEM TO THE BURNING OF PETROLEUM
AND OTHER MINERAL OILS AND HYDROCARBONS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in constructing moderator lamps as hereafter de-
scribed to fit them for burning hydrocarbons. Outside the wick tube of the
ordinary moderator lamp, leaving a space all round such tube, I place a
perforated tube; the perforations or apertures in this latter tube are for the
purpose of preventing the oil rising to the level of the burner in order to
avoid the inflaming of the oil, and also to ensure the oil being maintained at
one uniform level. Again I apply outside the perforated tube a metal or
porcelain tube hermetically closed to prevent emanations from the oil through

page_text: or from it. The oil passing through the perforations falls between the per-
forated and closed tubes into the pipe in which the ordinary regulator or
moderator is placed through an aperture provided for the purpose; I place a
wire gauze or perforated plate in the wick tube through which the air is
divided as it rises to the burner. The glass holder or gallery for carrying
the chimney is free to slide up and down on the outer tube before mentioned,
and it has attached to it a cap or deflector in order to obtain good combustion;
the top of this cap should be kept just above the level of the wick holder and
perforated tubes; the air passing up into this cap is deflected on to the flame, and
smell and smoke thereby prevented. According to the density of the oil to be
burnt so must the regulator be adjusted to allow more or less oil to pass. To
employ what is known as an American burner with a flat wick, I hermetically
close the ordinary wick holder tube so as to prevent any air rising through it.
I dispense with the perforations in the tube herein-before named as being
perforated, but I perforate the ordinary wick holder tube so as to allow the oil
to flow into it. This tube contains the flat wick, and I screw the burner on to
it, or fit it by friction.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Cassell in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
11th September 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
CASSELL, of La Belle Sauvage Yard, in the City of London, Publisher, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eleventh day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-sixth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said John Cassell, Her special licence that I, the said John Cassell,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said John
Cassell, executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MODERATOR
LAMPS TO ADAPT THEM TO THE BURNING OF PETROLEUM AND OTHER MINERAL
OILS AND HYDROCARBONS," (communicated to me from
me from abroad by Louis

page_text: Martin, of Paris, France,) upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said John Cassell, my executors or administrators by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Cassell, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed,
that is to say:-
This Invention consists in constructing moderator lamps as hereafter de-
scribed and represented in the accompanying Drawings to fit them for burning
bydrocarbons.
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section, Figure 2 a plan, and Figure 3 an outside
view with the chimney holder removed of so much of a lamp as is necessary
to illustrate these improvements. Figure 4 is a separate view of the chimney
holder and a cap or deflector hereafter mentioned. Outside the wick tube A
of the ordinary moderator lamp, leaving a space all round such tube, I place a
perforated tube G as described in the Specification of Letters Patent granted
to Louis Martin the 22nd day of January 1862, No. 163; the perforations or
apertures B in this latter tube are for the purpose of preventing the oil rising
to the level of the burner in order to avoid the inflaming of the oil and also to
ensure the oil being maintained at one uniform level. Again I apply outside
the perforated tube G a metal or porcelain tube D hermetically closed to
prevent emanations from the oil through or from it. The oil passing through
the perforations B falls between the perforated and closed tubes G and D
into the pipe in which the ordinary regulator or moderator is placed through
an aperture provided for the purpose. I place a wire gauze or perforated plate E
in the wick tube A through which the air is divided as it rises to the burner.
The holder for carrying the chimney is free to slide up and down on the outer
tube D. F, Figure 4, is a cap or deflector of metal, glass, or other suitable
material; in order to obtain good combustion the top of this cap should be kept
just above the level of the wick holder and perforated tubes A and G. The
air passing up into the cap is deflected on to the flame, and smell and smoke
are thereby prevented. According to the density of the oil to be burnt so
must the regulator be adjusted to allow more or less oil to pass. To employ
what is known as an American burner with a flat wick, I hermetically close

page_text: the ordinary wick holder tube A at or about the point E so as to prevent any
air rising through it. I dispense with the perforations in the tube G, but I
perforate the ordinary wick holder tube A so as to allow the oil to flow into it.
This tube contains the flat wick, and I screw the burner on to it, or fit it by
friction.
And having now described the nature of the said Invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed I declare that I claim, the construction
of moderator lamps substantially as herein-before described and illustrated in
the accompanying Drawings whereby the same are adapted to the burning of
petroleum and other mineral oils and hydrocarbons.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Cassell, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Tenth day of September, One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-three.
JOHN CASSELL. (L.S.)