IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING DOWN-DRAUGHT IN CHIMNEYS AND FOR VENTILATING RAILWAY CARRIAGES OR FOR OTHER VENTILATING PURPOSES”
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Lord of Middlesborough in the County of
York for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING
DOWN-DRAUGHT IN CHIMNEYS AND FOR VENTILATING RAILWAY CARRIAGES
OR FOR OTHER VENTILATING PURPOSES”
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Lord at the Office.
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th March 1883.
WILLIAM LORD of Middlesborough in the County of York "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING DOWN DRAUGHT IN CHIMNEYS AND FOR VENTILATING
RAILWAY CARRIAGES OR FOR OTHER VENTILATING PURPOSES
"
My Invention relates to apparatus to be applied to the upper part of Chimneys
ventilating shafts or the like for the purpose of preventing down draught and
dispersing smoke and for effecting the ventilation of rooms railway carriages and
for other like purposes. In carrying my Invention into effect I provide the upper
part of the chimney or shaft with surrounding concentric bands or rings partly
overlapping each other so that there are spaces between the overlapping parts. The
chimney top or shaft top and each band or ring is furnished with a number of
inclined blades, which blades are fixed to the exteriors of the said top and bands or
rings. and pass into the spaces between the overlapping parts At the top or upper
part is a plate covering or partly covering the top and supported a short distance
above or below the uppermost band or ring or level there with. The apparatus
constructed as described may be used as a chimney top or cowl or as a ventilator
but when it is used for ventilating railway carriages or the like the top plate will
be provided with a curtain which depends below the top of the uppermost band or
ring and the part by which the apparatus is fixed to the railway carriage will be
preferably made funnel shaped at bottom and be provided on its exterior with
blade springs which by their outward pressure when the apparatus is slipped into
the opening in the railway carriage roof will retain the apparatus in place.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Lord in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 27th September
1883.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
WILLIAM LORD of Middlesborough in the County of York
APPARATUS FOR PREVENTING DOWNDRAUGHT IN CHIMNEYS AND FOR VENTILATING
RAILWAY CARRIAGES OR FOR OTHER VENTILATING PURPOSES
"
My said Invention relates to apparatus to be applied to the upper part of
Chimneys, ventilating Shafts or the like for the purpose of preventing downdraught
and dispersing smoke and for effecting the ventilation of rooms or railway
Carriages, and for other like purposes. In carrying my Invention into effect I
provide the upper part of the Chimney or Shaft with a surrounding concentric band
or ring or bands or rings partly overlapping each other so that there are spaces
between the overlapping parts. The Chimney top or shaft top and each band or
ring is furnished with a number of inclined blades which blades are fixed to the
exteriors of the said top and bands or rings and pass into the spaces between the
overlapping parts.
At the top or upper part may be fitted a plate covering or partly covering the
top and supported a short distance above or below the uppermost band or ring or
level therewith. The apparatus constructed as described may be used as a chimney
top or cowl or as a ventilator but when it is used for ventilating railway carriages
or the like the top plate will be provided with a curtain which depends below the
top of the uppermost band or ring and the part by which the apparatus is fixed to
the railway carriage will be preferably made funnel shaped in the interior at the
bottom and be provided on its exterior with blade springs which by their outward
pressure when the apparatus is slipped into the opening in the railway Carriage
roof will retain the apparatus in place.
And in order that my said Invention may be fully understood I shall now proceed
more particularly to describe the same and for that purpose shall refer to the
several figures on the. annexed Sheet of drawings the same letters of reference
indicating corresponding parts in all the figures.
Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying Drawings respectively represent in
elevation and vertical Section a chimney top constructed according to my Invention
for preventing down draughts and dispersing smoke and figures 3 and 4 are
respectively an elevation and vertical Section of a modification according to my
Invention fitting it for use as a ventilator for railway carriages or for other like
purposes.
Referring to figures 1 and 2, A is the body of the chimney top which by preference
I make of a tapering or conical form as shewn. On the upper part of the body A
are secured a number of inclined blades B to the upper ends of which is fixed
concentrically to the body A a ring band or cylinder C, partly overlapping the
body A.
On the exterior surface of the Cylinder C, are fixed a number of inclined blades D,
similar to those marked B, and to the upper ends of these blades is fixed concen-
trically to the cylinder C, and partly overlapping the same another cylinder E
which is also similarly provided on the exterior with inclined blades F to the upper
ends of which is attached another cylinder G forming the crown or terminal of the
chimney top. It will thus be seen that the chimney top is of gradually increasing

page_text: size from the bottom to the top and that a number of annular concentric.passages
a a are formed between the body A and the cylinder C and between the cylinders
C and E and between the cylinders E and G which passages are subdivided by the
blades B, D and F into a number of smaller passages or channels a¹a The advan-
tage of this arrangement is that very powerful upward currents of air in a direction
inclined to the axis of the chimney or shaft are produced which acting after the
manner of an ejector create an upward current in the shaft or chimney and effect the
withdrawal of any foul air or smoke that may be therein whilst down draught is
prevented I make the blades BDF to "break joint" that is to say the end of
each blade terminates about opposite the mid part of the space between the blades
next above or below it as will be understood clearly in the developement or spread
out view in Figure 2* I may or may not use a plate at the top as herein before
mentioned and as (for example) indicated in dotted lines in Figure 2.
The blades B, D, and F are by preference made with a projecting edge or lip or
are trough shaped as shewn in transverse section on a larger scale in Figure 2b to
facilitate the upward course of the current.
1
The apparatus berein before described may be used for ventilating Railway
Carriages, Churches Ships Cabins and other structures buildings or rooms by
arranging a cover or plate over the top or crown to prevent the entrance of rain
but I prefer to employ for ventilating purposes the arrangement illustrated in
elevation and vertical section respectively in Figures 3 and 4 in which the top
Cylinder E carries a top plate or dome H provided with a depending rim or curtain
H to prevent the possibility of rain entering the interior of the carriage or chamber
The lower portion A2 of the apparatus is cylindrical or of other shape to fit the
opening in the roof of the carriage or other place where it is used and on the
exterior may be provided with blade springs as for the purpose of securing the
apparatus in the said opening in the roof of the Railway Carriage or other place to
which it is to be applied whilst the interior is made funnel shaped or conical as
shewn at a to insure increased facility for the escape of the foul air from the
interior of the carriage or other apartment or place The ventilator may or may
not be provided with a valve or valves as shewn in dotted lines at i in Figure 4
which can be turned round and slidden down when required by means of a
handle i so as to cover or partly cover the passage through the ventilator The
other parts which resemble those shewn in Figures 1 and 2 are marked with the
same letters of reference the upper ring G and blades F being dispensed with. I
do not limit myself to the use of the number of rings or cylinders and series of
blades shewn as one or two or more may be used for the Chimney top or for the
ventilator as found convenient.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said Inven-
tion and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried, into effect I
would observe in conclusion that what I consider to be novel and original and
therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the hereinbefore in part recited
Letters Patent is :-
First: In apparatus for preventing downdraught in chimneys or other places the
combination of one or of two or of more bands rings or cylinders surrounding the
top of the chimney or shaft and partly overlapping the top of the chimney or shaft
and each other and with inclined blades (either plain or trough shaped) arranged
substantially as described and illustrated in Figures and 2 and 2ª of the accom-
panying drawings whether the same be used with or without a covering plate or
cap as herein before described.
Second As an apparatus for ventilating Railway Carriages or other places the
combination of bands rings or cylinders partly overlapping each other with inclined
blades (either plain or trough shaped) and a covering plate or cap and with or
without an internal valve substantially as herein before described and illustrated in
Figures 3 and 4 of the accompanying drawings.

page_text: Third: The apparatus for preventing downdraught in chimneys or shafts illus-
trated in Figures 1, 2 and 24 of the accompanying drawings.
Fourth-The apparatus for ventilating Railway Carriages Ship's Cabins or other
places illustrated in Figures 3 and 4 of the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof I the said William Lord have to this my Specification set
my hand and seal this twenty fifth day of September One thousand eight hundred
and eighty three.
WILLIAM LORD. (L.S.)