AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR GRINDING OR CRUSHING COLORS DO
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Magdalene Bell Gardner, of 17, George Street,
Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Administratrix of Joseph
Gardner, late of Birmingham aforesaid, deceased, and Thomas Orme,
of Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford, Japanner, for tho In-
vention of "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR GRINDING OR CRUSHING COLORS
DO
"
Scaled the 5th June 1874, and dated the 11th December 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Gardner
and Thomas Orme at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 11th Decembor 1873.
We, JOSEPH GARDNER, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Glass Stainer, and THOMAS ORME, of Wolverhampton, in the County of
Stafford, Japanner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR GRINDING OR CRUSHING COLORS AND OTHER
SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:―
Our improved apparatus consists substantially in the employment of
loose rollers placed longitudinally with a hollow cylinder. The said

page_text: cylinder may be of metal, glass, stone, or other suitable material, and is
provided with proper spindles and gearing, and is thus free to rotato by
manual or steam power. Inside the said cylinder are placed longi-
tudinally two or more loose rollers, and which are nearly equal in length
to the said cylinder, and which may be also of metal or other suitable
material, and these rollers being constantly rotating when the apparatus
is in motion and remaining at the bottom or that part of the cylinder
which is for the time being lowest, act continually in a grinding and
crushing manner upon the paint or other substance placed within the
cylinder.
By means of our improved apparatus it is found that the material is
thoroughly ground, evaporation is avoided, and the material when ground
is free from dirt and other impuritics.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Magdalene Bell Gardner and Thomas Orme in tho
Great Seal Patent Office on the 11th Juno 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, MAGDALENE
BELL GARDNER, now residing at No. 17, George Street, Birmingham,
in the County of Warwick, Administratrix of Joseph Gardner, late of
Birmingham aforesaid, deceased, and THOMAS ORME, of Wolverhampton,
in the County of Stafford, Japanner, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eleventh day of December, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-threc, in
the thirty-seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto us, the said Magdalene Bell Gardner and
Thomas Orme, Her special licence that we, the said Magdalene Bell
Gardner and Thomas Orme, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as we, the said. Magdalenc Bell Gardner and Thomas Orme,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
excreise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and

page_text: Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR GRINDING OR CRUSHING COLORS AND OTHER SUBSTANCES,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Magdalene Bell
Gardner and Thomas Orme, our executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of their hands and
scals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of tho said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Scal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Magdalene Bell Gardner and
Thomas Orme, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement (that is to
say) :-
Our improved apparatus consists substantially in the employment of
loose rollers placed longitudinally within a hollow cylinder. The said
cylinder may be of metal, glass, stone, or other suitable material, com-
bined or separate, and is provided with proper spindles and gearing, and
is thus free to rotate by manual or steam power. Inside the said
cylinder are placed longitudinally two, three, or more of the loose
rollers above referred to, and which are nearly equal in length to the
said cylinder, and which may be also of metal or other suitable material,
and these rollers being contantly rotating when the apparatus is in
motion and remaining at the bottom or that part of the cylinder which
is for the time being lowest, act continually in a grinding and crushing
manner upon the paint or other substance placed within the cylinder,
the crushing being principally effected by the grinding action of the
rollers against each other in rotating.
By means of our improved apparatus it is found that the material is
thoroughly ground, evaporation is avoided, and all waste prevented; and
further, that by additional cylinders or chambers being bolted or other-
wise secured together as many distinct colors or substances may be
ground at one time as there are additional chambers so provided; tho
said chambers being joined together or otherwise properly secured
in the manner before mentioned, a further advantage offered by our
Invention being that the material when ground is free from dirt and
other impurities.

page_text: That our Invention may be better understood we have annexed
Drawings thereof, which we now proceed to describe.
Fig. 1 is a side elevation, and Fig. 2 is a transverse section of a mill
constructed according to our Invention.
a is a hollow cylinder having closed ends through which is fixed the
shaft or spindle c. The whole revolves in bearings d carried upon side
frames e, motion being communicated either by means of the handle,
or by means of toothed wheels, or a pulley and belt, which may be
driven by any convenient motive power. Within the cylinder a are
placed two or more loose rollers 9, the length of which is almost equal
to that of the interior of the cylinder. During the revolution of the
cylinder a the rollers a constantly seek therein by their own weight the
lowest position, and consequently revolve one against another, their
longitudinal axes naturally remaining parallel or nearly parallel to the
longitudinal axis of the cylinder a.
The rollers and the color or other substance to be ground aro intro-
duced through the bung, tap, or lid h, and the grinding is performed
partly by the rolling action of the rollers upon the inner circumference
of the cylinder a, but principally by the frictional action of the rollers
against one another.
i, i, are cars, by means of which, as in Fig. 3, two or more cylinders
may be bolted together end to end, so as to form a set of cylinders in
which several different colors or other substances may be ground at the
same time, but separately from each other.
The said cylinders a and the rollers g may be made of metal, glass,
stone, or other suitable material.
Having now described the nature of our Invention, and the manner in
which the same is or may be carried into effect, we desire it to be
'understood that without limiting ourselves to the precise details hercin-
before described (as these may be to some extent varied or modified
without departing from the nature of our said Invention), we desire it to
be understood that what we claim as the Invention to be protected by
the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is, the employment in
mills for grinding colors and other substances of two or more loose
cylindrical rollers within are volving hollow cylinder, for the purposes and

page_text: the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, wc, the said Magdalene Bell Gardner and
Thomas Orme, have hereunto set our hands and scals, this Tenth
day of June, in the year of our Lord 1874.
MAGDALENE BELL GARDNER. (L.S.)
THOMAS ORME.
(L.S.)
Signed, scaled, and delivered by
the within-named Magdalene
Bell Gardner and Thomas
Orme, in the presence of
G. R. HOLLAND,
Birmingham.