IMPROVEMENTS IN BUILDING OR CONSTRUCTING HOUSES AND OTHER STRUCTURES, AND IN THE MATERIALS AND MEANS EMPLOYED THEREFOR.
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Pierre Antoine Gaillon, of Paris, in the Republic
of France, Locksmith, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
BUILDING OR CONSTRUCTING HOUSES AND OTHER STRUCTURES, AND IN THE
MATERIALS AND MEANS EMPLOYED THEREFOR.
"
Sealed the 6th January 1874, and dated the 12th July 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Pierre Antoine Gaillon
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 12th July 1873.
I, PIERRE ANTOINE GAILLON, of Paris, in the Republic of France,
Locksmith, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BUILDING OR CONSTRUCTING HOUSES AND OTHER STRUCTURES,
AND IN THE MATERIALS AND MEANS EMPLOYED THEREFOB," to be as follows, that
is to say :-
This Invention consists in constructing houses and parts of houses or
other structures with a peculiar form of hollow or solid bricks, blocks,
and tiles in combination where required with suitable ironwork.
✓

page_text: My improved bricks or blocks and other like materials are formed
with mortices and tenons or dovetails, and of the required shape, so that
they shall fit into and be joined to one another, and so dispense with
mortar or cement, to produce the required design of a house or other
building or part of a building to be constructed, the said bricks or
blocks being further connected together by ironwork of suitable con-
struction, as herein-after described, by which but little wood is required
in such structures, and a great economy effected in labor and materials.
The improved bricks or other materials are made of baked clay,
cement, artificial stone, or other analogous material, made of the 1
required form.
0
My improved materials can be used to fill in the spaces between the
double T iron pieces of floors; or I sometimes, for the said T pieces, uso
iron pieces of a or
✓ shape, the longitudinal channels of these
iron pieces serving to receive the small wooden joists on which my
improved bricks or blocks are applied.
Where it is necessary to economise iron, instead of the said iron
pieces I fix a small angle iron on each end of the rafter, and I strengthen
and tighten the same by means of a round iron rod and screw nuts.
Cornices and entablatures may be constructed of bricks or blocks formed a
with mortices and tenons, and with the required moulding on the outer
face and with channels on their upper faces, so that when put together
and united by iron ties (passed through suitable openings left in the
blocks for that purpose) a gutter will be formed with a proper fall, thus
dispensing with wood and lead, as usually employed.
When hollow bricks or blocks are employed the spaces may be filled
or partly filled in with concrete, sand, or other suitable material, by
which the strength and solidity of the building would be greatly
increased.
. Bricks or blocks can also be formed of the required shape to form 3
window and door frames, with the required boxes for the weights, rabbets,
and grooves. I also make mouldings and architraves round windows
and doors.

page_text: or stone, by which a great economy will be effected, and lightness of
construction obtained.
My Invention is also applicable for forming tiles for roofing, and also
for building partitions and outbuildings, where lightness is required.
These tiles may be formed with a mortice to receive an iron rod or wood
lath, by which the tiles will be held firmly together without requiring
the use of nails; and as the tiles are formed with hollow spaces they
serve to exclude both heat and cold.
corrugated form, with projections on
allow of the tiles being fixed by nails or wire.
The tiles may also be made of a
their under side, having holes to
The said solid materials may also be applied to the construction of
blast and other furnaces, and in the building up of vats or butts.
My improved materials may be formed in any suitable machine.
For some of my improved materials I employ by preference an
apparatus constructed of a carriage, to which a continuous rectilinear
movement is imparted by suitable mechanism. On this carriage are
placed in a line the moulds required. The clay or other material is
placed in the moulds, and as the moulds are carried forward by the
carriage the clay is pressed into them by a roller or cylinder revolving at
a proper distance above the carriage.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Pierre Antoine Gaillon in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 12th January 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, PIERBE
ANTOINE GAILLON, of Paris, in the Republic of France, Locksmith,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twelfth day of July, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the
thirty-seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Pierre Antoine Gaillon, Her
special licence that I, the said Pierre Antoine Gaillon, my executors,

page_text: In Figure 3º, H', H³, H³, H², shew sections of blocks forming a cornice
or entablature and gutter. The bottom of the channel forming the
gutter is made inclined in each block, as shewn by the lines Y, Y, Y, Y,
to obtain a proper fall for the gutter to carry off the rain water; X shews
in dotted lines a rod or bar of iron passing through the blocks, so as to
tie and hold them closely together. The dotted line at O shews that the
centre block H2 may if required be formed in two pieces.
Figure 11 shews a section of two bricks fitting together by means of
male and female dovetails.
Figures 12 and 13, sections of hollow or tubular tiles made according
to my improvements, and serving for roofing tiles or for building par-
tition walls. The dotted line shews the position of the laths, the tiles
being formed with a groove or channel on the under side to receive the
`laths.
Figure 14 shews a section of a corrugated form of tile formed with a
lug or projection at U, with a hole for fixing the tiles.
Figure 15, plan of another form of tile; and Figure 16ª, a plan shewing
several of these tiles when laid together. Each tile has a projection or
lug at the side for fixing the same.
Figures 16 and 17, sections of tiles or half tiles for the edges or
borders, the one shewn in Figure 16 being for the right-hand side, and
Figure 17 for the left-hand side.
Figures 18 and 19, views of bricks or blocks for corners or coins.
a, mortice; b, tenon.
Figures 20, 21, and 22, views of curved blocks formed with mortices
and tenons a, b, and suitable for circular work.
Figure 23, Sheet 2, is a front elevation shewing one method of
building up a chimney piece of pieces or blocks according to my In-
vention.
Figure 24, section through the jamb on line a, b, Figure 23.
Figure 25, cross section through the console A.
Figure 26, cross section through the freeze B.
Figures 27, 28, and 29, full size sections of the pieces or blocks
forming respectively the console A, the shelf B, and the splay C of the
chimney piece.

page_text: Figure 30, elevation of another construction of chimney piece.
Figures 31 and 32, details. A, casing; B, half bricks; C, cornice.
°
Figures 33, 34, 35, and 36, shewing the method in which large vats
may be constructed or built up of moulded blocks or pieces of suitable
shape.
Figures 37 and 38, section and end view of a vat formed in one piece,
or the heads may be formed separately.
Figure 39 is a view of the machine suitable for moulding or pressing
some of my improved blocks or pieces, such for instance as the jambs
for chimney pieces, tiles, and other similar articles, by which the said:
articles are pressed on two or four sides by placing a carriage at the
front and back, driven by a screw or endless chain passing at the same
time under the pressing rollers, by which the material is pressed into the
moulds and made to take the different forms, as shewn at A, which
shews a piece to form a jamb for a chimney piece. B, B, B, B, are the
four pressing rollers or cylinders; C, pressure screws of the cylinders B;
D, mould in four parts; E, gearing.
Having now described my Invention, and the best means I am
acquainted with for carrying the same into effect, what I claim as new
and desire to be protected by the herein in part recited Letters Patent is,
the improvements herein-before described, and represented in the accom-
panying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Pierre Antoine Gaillon, have
hereto set my hand and seal, this Ninth day of January, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
four