IMPROVEMENTS IN KNITTING MACHINES
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Morgan-Brown, of the Firm of Brandon and
Morgan-Brown, Engineers and Patent Agents, of 38, Southampton Buildings,
London, and 1, Rue Laffitte, Paris; for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
KNITTING MACHINES." A communication from abroad by Benjamin Franklin
Shaw, of Lowell, Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States of America."
Sealed the 19th January 1881, in pursuance of an Order of the Lord Chancellor,
and dated the 25th August 1879. '.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Morgan-Brown at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th August 1879.
"
WILLIAM MORGAN-BROWN, of the Firm of Brandon and Morgan-Brown, Engineers
and Patent Agents, of 38, Southampton Buildings, London, and 1, Rue Laffitte,
Paris. IMPROVEMENTS IN KNITTING MACHINES." A communication from
abroad by Benjamin Franklin Shaw, of Lowell, Middlesex County, Massachusetts,
United States of America.
This Invention relates to knitting machines of the cylindrical class, wherein the
cam for operating the knitting needles may be made to revolve continuously about
the needle-bed to operate the needles to form a circular web, or may be made to
reciprocate about a portion of the needle-bed and needles to knit a flat web, or to
fashion a web as in the production of heels and toes for socks.
•
In this machine that, portion of the circular series of needles, less than, half,
which knit the instep of the stocking are actuated by a so called working cam, it
operating only when circular or round about knitting is taking place, and the
remainder of the series of needles placed under the control of the jacquard, and
therefore termed fashioning needles, are actuated by a so called jacquard-cam
through the intervention of suitable levers and connections, substantially as
hereinafter described. During reciprocating knitting the jacquard cam is the
effective one.

page_text: The number of fashioning needles selected for operation at each reciprocation of
the machine is determined by a jacquard surface.
The numbers of revolutions and of reciprocations of the machine, and consequently
the lengths of the circular and the fashioned portions of the web, are controlled by
a pattern chain.
A second pattern chain controls the application of tension to the yarn at certain
portions of the web to knit some parts of it more closely than other parts, the
operation of the take-up for reciprocating knitting, the introduction of a thickening
thread at suitable places in the web, its severance, and the stoppage of the
machine when the web is of proper length. The working and jacquard cams in
the machine are so made and placed with reference to each other, that the cam
to move the needles for circular knitting can be put into or out of action while
the machine is in full operation, thereby permitting the machine to be automatically
changed from circular to fashioned work, and vice-versa, this change being effected
automatically while the jacquard cam is operating upon the needles. The toothed
gear or wheel that operates the cam ring, as berein shown, through an intermediate
is at times driven by a rack, the machine being then reciprocated for fashioned
work, and at other times by a spur gear, the machine then being rotated and
knitting a circular web; and the rack and the spur-gear are so arranged and
combined with this toothed gear, that as the teeth of one are moving from, the
teeth of the other are entering between the teeth of the toothed-gear. In this
way there is no point of time during which the toothed-gear is not positively
engaged by either the rack or spur gear, or both. The engagement of the rack
(moved at a varying speed by a crank) with the toothed gear is accomplished just
before, at, and just after a point of time during which the rack and toothed-gear
move in the same direction and substantially at the same speed. In this way it
will be observed that the change from rotary to reciprocating motion, and vice-
versa, is effected when the machine is in full operation, and without any interruption
whatever in the application of the moving power to the operation of the knitting
cams.
With the mechanism herein described for rotating and reciprocating the knitting
cams, it is impossible for the parts to become disarranged as to time or relative
working position owing to momentum, inertia, or friction.
It will be observed that an ordinary clutch-device wherein the shifting-sleeve is
disengaged from one gear at one end of it before it is engaged with the gear at the
other end of it, could not be made to operate practically or successfully a machine,
substantially such as herein described, for by reason of momentum, inertia, or
friction, the gears alternately engaged by the shifting sleeve would slip and
disarrange the harmonious action of the parts with reference to the production of
the fashioned portion of the web.
In the machine herein described the cams are arranged to operate several
needles at once instead of a single needle. If the machine were arranged to operate
one needle at a time, then the cam having a "pitch" sufficient to operate the
needle the required distance would have to be placed with reference to the butts
of the needles, so that its base would be included between the butts of adjacent
needles, this being necessary to complete the stitch, and consequently it would be
impossible to knit a web of sufficient closeness and size for an ordinary stocking
fabric on a machine where straight needles reciprocated in a cylindrical path.
"To enable needles operated one by one to be placed sufficiently close in a cylinder
to produce a practical stocking web, it would be necessary to operate such needles
through long levers or arms interposed between the needles and cams, the cam in
such case engaging the outer ends of the radial levers, such levers being separated
at such ends far enough to permit the base of the cam to be included between the
ends of adjacent levers.
-
Such a construction of a machine employing, as do practically operating
cylindrical machines, from one hundred to two hundred and fifty needles, would

page_text: necessitate the extension of the radial levers, say, in a two hundred needle
machine, about five feet from the needle-cylinder, and unless the machine were
operated very slowly the downward draft of the needle upon the yarn would be so
rapid as to break loops.
In this machine the changes in selecting a greater or less number of needles for
widening or narrowing are made at the end of the crank strokes when the
movement of the cam ring is substantially at its slowest speed.
In this machine the reciprocations are uniform in length, carrying the needle
operating cams clear beyond the greatest number of needles used in fashioning,
while the length of each row of stitches is determined by, the jacquard. Were the
length of the rows of stitches governed by the length of the reciprocations rather
than by the jacquard the length of the reciprocations would have to be varied in
order to produce fashioned work. If the machine were to knit with one needle, or
a stitch-hook, at a time, the reciprocations wovld have to vary in length in order
to narrow, and when the reciprocations vary in length the mechanisms for producing
the reciprocations are necessarily inore, complex than when the reciprocations are
uniform.
During circular knitting the machine is run at its greatest or high speed, but
for reciprocating knitting the speed is reduced, in this instance, one half, and after,
the completion of reciprocating knitting the speed is again automatically changed
to high speed, this change of speed enabling the machine to accomplish more work
with less breakage. Certain switch cams are employed to, at the proper time,
raise the butts of all the needles from the kitting path into the "topping path" to
enable the easy and rapid transfer to the said needles of a rib top or cuff knitted
upon another machine in order that said top or cuff may have knitted to it
the web of this machine, the said switch cams throwing the said needles back again
into the knitting path.
Figure 1 represents in elevation the upper portion of the front of a knitting
machine containing the Invention herein described, a portion of the framework
being broken away to more clearly show the working parts, all the yarn or thread
guides being omitted therefrom.
Figure 2 is a right hand end view of Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a top view of Figure 1.
Figure 4 is a rear side elevation of Figure 3, the jacquard surface being however
omitted.
Figure 5 is detail to be referred to.
Figure 6 is a left hand end elevation of a portion of the upper part of the
machine, the yarn guides being added.
Figure 7 is a front side elevation and partial section of Figure 6.
Figures 8 and 9 represent details of the tension apparatus for the yarn, and the
devices for introducing the thickening thread and severing it.
Figure 10, a top view of the take up.
Figure 11, a detail of the thickening thread locking device.
Figure 12 represents, on an enlarged scale, the lever holding bed.
Figure 13, a top view of the rotating ring or wheel which actuates the web-
holders, showing the position of the web-holders in their relation to the cams which
actuate them; Figure 14, a partial top view of the web-holder moving cam-ring
with the yarn guide attached.
Figure 15, a top view of one side of the cam carrying ring showing the devices
for moving the working cam out from and into position, and also the needle-gate
mechanism.
•
Figure 16, a side elevation of the needle-gate detached.
Figure 17 shows one of the web-holders removed.
Figure 18, a needle bit.
Figure 19, a lever to lift a fashioning needle.
Figure 20, a carriage to move the lever backward and forward radially.
1 2

page_text: Figure 21, the ring at the top of the needle bed grooved at. its innerside to
receive the ends or tail pieces of the web-holders, and at its outer side to receive
the needles.
Figures 22 to 26 represent details of the fast and slow speed changing devices or
pinions.
Figure 27, a view of the cam portion of the interior of the cam-ring without
needles.
Figure 28, the same, showing the needles as being elevated into the "topping" path.
Figure 29, a like view with needles being returned to the knitting path.
Figure 30, a section of the cain-ring at one side to show its construction.
Figure 31, a portion of the machine with all the needles lifted into the "topping"
path, and with the transferrer applied, the frame or guide for the latter being in
section.
Figure 32 is a detail showing a needle with its hook within the groove of the
transferring quill.
Figure 33 represents a blank for a quill, and a side elevation of the same bent
into shape.
Figure 34, a detail of the double stop for placing the switch cam in proper
position preparatory to switching the needles.
Figure 35, a face view of the thread guide.
Figure 36 represents in partial section sufficient of the machine to illustrate a
form of driving and speed changing mechanism to be hereinafter referred to, it
being applied directly to the main shaft.
Figure 37, a front side view thereof, the hand wheel being omitted and a portion
of the driving and speed changing device being broken out to show the internal
bevel gear.
Figure 38, a detail to the clutching parts.
Figure 39, a detail to be referred to.
Figure 40 represents sufficient of the needle bed and actuating devices to show
the manner of using needles attached to long slides.
Figure 41, one of such needles and long slides enlarged.
Figure 42 is a top view of the cam carrying ring as used in Figure 40.
Figure 43, a view of the needle actuating cams used in Figure 40, and
Figures 44 and 45 are details showing the operation of the switch cams.
The frame a of the machine is of suitable shape to sustain the working parts.
The needle bed b is located mostly above the bed plate c of the machine, while the
devices for rotating and reciprocating the cam carrying ring which is embraced by
an annular collar of the tripod a are located mostly below the said plate.
Power to drive the machine is applied to the pulley d loose on shaft. e. The
pulley & has its hub f grooved to receive a yoke on a lever g pivoted at h, and
connected with the lever is a bar i notched at its side to engage a projection j so
as to hold certain clutch teeth at the inner side of the pulley, see Figure 3, in
engagement with suitable clutch teeth k* at the side of a pinion / fast on shaft e, see
also Figure 7, and rotate the said shaft when it is desired to operate the machine.
On the shaft e is a milled gear I, and opposite it on the slide m is a milled gearn,
and when the depending finger o, see Figures 6, 7, is inserted between these gear,
the gearn and slide m are moved backward, such movement of the slide unhooking
arm i from projection ; permitting spring 3*, which acts upon arm i, see Figures 3
and 6, to move lever g so as to move the pulley d on shaft e and free its clutch
teeth from the clutch teeth /* of the gear k.
This latter gear is the driver for the slow motion, or while reciprocating knitting
is being done, and the long pinion p of larger diameter also fast on shaft e is the
driver for the high speed or during rotary knitting, and the bevel gear 7 on shaft e
engages the bevel gear 8 on the continuously moving part of the two-part shaft t, u,
of the power accumulating contrivance contained mostly in tube w. The slow
driving gear k is always in engagement with a toothed wheel x loose on shaft y,

page_text: while the pinion p for the high speed is always in engagement with a toothed
wheel a loose on shaft y, and of less diameter than wheel x. These two wheels a, a¹,
are located at opposite sides of a drum b¹ fast on shaft y.
The drum & has at its face next toothed wheel x a series of teeth c¹, see
Figure 24, to be engaged by dogs d' attached to wheel x, see Figure 22, said dogs
being held up by springs e, and at its opposite face the drum b has but two teeth
or lugs to be engaged by the dogs g¹ at the side of toothed wheel a¹, see
Figure 23, the teeth c being greater in number than those f, the number being
increased to make quicker the reengagement of dogs d with the teeth c¹ of the
said drum b'.
When gear a¹ by its dogs g¹ engages drum b¹, the gear a¹ being then driven by
pinion p will drive shaft y at its highest speed, and at such time the drum b' will
be driven with greater velocity than the toothed wheel x, which is then being
driven by the smaller pinion k, and at that time the dogs of wheel x snap the
teeth c¹, which overtake and pass them.
When toothed wheel a' is moved laterally on shaft y away from engagement
with drum b the motion of the machine slows down for an instant until the dogs
of toothed wheel overtake the teeth at the side of the drum next to it, whereupon
the shaft is then driven at its slowest rate of speed through k, x, toothed wheel a¹,
then traveling faster than the drum b¹ without affecting it.
t
The hub of wheel a' is grooved as at h¹ to receive a finger of the gear moving
plate j, notched at ¹ to receive a projection of a shipping plate m' held by
screws 3, 3, and provided with a finger n¹ to bear against one or the other side of
the pointed rib o' of drum 6'. When it is desired to disengage the fast moving
gear al from drum b', the parts then being as in Figure 3, the shipping plate is
moved toward the left, carrying the finger n¹ through the space between the
points o', o', far enough to be acted upon by the inner inclined side of point o'.
The further revolution of drum b¹ causes the said inclined point o¹ to force the
finger n still farther to the left, and in so moving causes the projection to engage
one of the shoulders of the plate ¹, thereby forcing the said plate toward the left,
its finger then in the groove of the hub of gear a' drawing it laterally on the
shaft y and away from drum b¹. It will be understood that finger n¹ passes
between points o' at the same time that the cam part p¹ of the disk q' moves the
pin wheel upon the shaft 8', which moves the pattern chain t¹ provided with the
indications or projections t* that lift the lever u', which has a finger w¹ that enters
between the forked end of the lever cl, see Figure 6 and detail at left of it, pivoted
at 4, and connected at its lower end with a link y', which link has an arm a² that
at its outer end has a pin 5, see Figure 3, which enters a slot in the shipping
slide m² and moves it at the proper time.
To effect the changes in speed while the machine is working at its slowest speed,.
and thus avoid shock, it is provided in the present construction of this Invention
that when finger w₁ is raised by the pattern chain it operates the arm x¹, as
before described, but in order to prevent the spring 62 from drawing the arm x'
down at the same time that the finger w falls from a projection upon the said
chain, the lower portion 6 of the forked end of arm is so placed at the rear of
was to be held up by an indication t* after it passes from beneath finger w¹, so
that arm cannot descend until a subsequent advance of the indications upon
which it rests.
When the high speed is to be resumed the indications t* of chain t¹, they being
uppermost, as in Figure 6, pass out from under the forked portion 6 of the arm x¹,
thereby permitting the spring 62 to pull it down, and through link y and con-
nections, as before described; to move the shipping slide and pass the finger n¹ to
the outer or right hand side of the pointed rib o¹ of the drum b', so that the farther
movement of the drum and pointed rib o¹ forces the gear a¹ into engagement with
the drum.
The pattern chain t¹ determines the length of the respective parts of the stocking,

page_text: and effects at the proper time the changes of motion from round about to recipro-
cating knitting, and vice-versa.
The change of the source of motion for the toothed gear is effected while its
speed is the same as that of the rack, and when they are moving in the same
direction, which enables the said change to be made without shock. The devices
herein employed to effect these changes of motion may be advantageously used in
other machines.
The main shaft y, driven as before described, has upon it a worm d², which
engages a worm toothed pinion e³ on a shaft f³ in a stand g2, the said shaft at its
outer end having a toothed wheel 8 of suitable shape to engage the links of the
pattern chain h², which operates at the proper time the devices to apply to and
remove tension from the threads, and to introduce and withdraw a third thread to
be hereinafter described.
This shaft y also has a fast gear provided with a pin j³, which extends through
a hole in spur gear 2 which is fast on a sleeve m², which sleeve has connected
with it an edged disc n² provided at opposite sides with cams 10, 11, the hub of
the disc being held upon the sleeve by a screw, so as to be adjustable thereon.
The edge of this disc enters a slot at the end of or otherwise engages a lever o²,
the opposite end of which extends into a slot in the slide p2 provided with a cam
alot, which receives a pin s² of a bar t² connected at 12 with the rack-bar u²
pivoted at w, see Figure 4, the said rack-bar being adapted to guide and support
the rack, which is moved or reciprocated continuously on the bar u² by means
of a link y connected with the said rack, and with pin 13 of the toothed wheel a³
on shaft b³, which shaft carries the disc q' before referred to.
When
This toothed wheel as is driven at all times from the gear is on shaft y.
the slide p² is moved in the direction of the arrow into the position shown in
Figure 2 the rack is thrown into gear with the toothed gear c³, which toothed
gear then derives its motion from the rack alone, for the spur gear will at that
time be disengaged from the said toothed gear c³. This toothed gear c³ has at its
inner side bevel gear teeth 14, which engage a bevel gear 15 connected with an
intermediate d³, which meshes into the toothed portion e³ of the cam carrying
ring a*. This toothed portion e³ is an annulus fixed to the outer portion of the
cam carrying ring. When the rack x² is the driver for the toothed gear c³ the
slow motion of the machine is operative, and reciprocating knitting is taking
place, and the needles then operated are the fashioning needles, but when the spur
gear is the driver for the toothed gear c³, the rack then being disengaged, the
machine is run at its higher speed, and circular knitting is done.
The disk n², the sleeve m³, and the gear derive their lateral motion away from
gear by means of cam 10, which meets the upwardly projecting portion 16 of
the skeleton slide f³ adapted to slide vertically in a fixed guide way f³, the said
slide being lifted into position at the proper time to so engage with the cam 10 by
means of the curved lever u', see Figure 4, which is raised by means of the
indication tx herein before referred to on the pattern chain t¹.
When the said parts n², m², 12, are to be moved in the opposite direction laterally,
preparatory to the commencement of circular knitting, this slide f³ is permitted to
fall, the indications t* then passing from under finger w¹ on lever u¹.
In this position the overhanging portion 17 of the said slide f³ will be placed in
position to be struck by the cam 11, the cam 10 at that time passing above the
projection 16. In order that this disc n³ may be held in place in either of its
two positions a holding bridge g³ provided with two notches 18, 19, see Figure 5,
is secured to the frame of the machine. immediately above the disc, and that the
dise may be moved laterally so that its edge may enter one and then the other
notch. The edge of the wheel for a short distance, as at 20, is cut away for the
passage of the part 21 of the bridge g³ through it.
When the rack is lifted into engagement with the toothed gear two pins
or projections h³, ³, see Figure 4, at the outer side of the said rack are placed in

page_text: position to strike the upper end of a finger 73 on the escapement slide ³, which is
suitably held by the frame work so as to be reciprocated in a right line, and which
has two fingers l³, m³, that permit the passage between them at each reciprocation
of the slide, of but one pin n³ of the escapement wheel o³, which is fixed at the
end of the shaft p³, through which motion is given to the jacquard surface.
The jacquard herein shown is composed of two chains q³ ³, moved simul-
taneously for like distances, the said chains being supported by means of chain-
beds, t, having flat tops to thereby hold and maintain a number of the
independent bars 22 of the chains in one plane, see Figure 1, whereby the operative
surfaces of the bars are held sufficiently close together when acting upon the
feet 23 of the jacquard slides u³, see Figure 7, the said slides being supported at
bottom and top in comb bars 24, 25.
The slides are held down toward the jacquard surface by means of springs w³,
and when not acted upon by the jacquard surfaces the notched portions 26 of the
slides rest on the comb 24 with the feet 23 just above bars 22.
These slides, it will be observed, are arranged in the arc of a circle below the
needle bed b, the circle being of sufficient diameter to permit the teeth of the
combs 24, 25, which guide the said slides to have the requisite size and strength.
The bars of the jacquard chain being straight it is obvious the slides arranged
in a circle must have their feet 23 fall in a straight line, so that all of them if
required may be acted upon by a single bar. To do this the feet of the slides are
made to coincide with the direct line of the bar then in operative position, it being
parallel with the chord of the arc in which the slides are arranged.
Two jacquard surfaces are employed, one for each of the series of slides u³, ³, and
they are so placed that the bars of each surface will operate simultaneously upon
some of the slides of both sets of slides u³, x³. These two jacquard chains are
moved by means of suitable toothed wheels placed upon the shafts p³ and at, about
which the said chains are passed.
Shaft p³ has upon it a bevel gear b, which engages with a bevel gear c³ on
shaft a to ensure simultaneous movement of the two shafts.
The
The shaft p³ has at its outer end a worm-toothed gear d' which is engaged by a
worm e¹ which gives to the said shaft intermittent motion during reciprocating
knitting, the said shaft being held stationary by the escapement finger 13 during tho
time rotary knitting is being done. This worm e* is placed at the end of the two
part power accumulating shaft t, u, having proper bearings in the tube w.
upper portion t of this power accumulating shaft having gear 8, as before described,
rotates as long as the shaft e is rotated. The adjacent ends of the two parts t, u,
of the shaft each have fingers. 27, 28, projecting from collars 29, 30, which when
held in engagement by the spring 31 will cause the two parts t, u, of the shaft to
revolve together and rotate the worm e'.
The collar 32 pinned upon the part u may be placed thereon at any desired
position to give the needed tension to the spring 31 to start with. The collar 33
has a working fit upon the part u, and a pin on the collar is extended through a
slot in part u, see dotted lines, the said slot being long enough to permit the
maximum longitudinal motion of the part u. This collar 33 has a bearing at its
lower end and sides, and it, together with the spring 31, revolves with the part u.
To illustrate the operation of this power accumulating shaft or device it will be
supposed that the machine is knitting the circular part of its web, and that the
part u is within the tube w, and that the spring 31 is expanded to its fullest
extent. In a working, machine with a shaft t, u, of this construction, and in the
described conditions, four and three fourths revolutions of the worn will cause the
clutch parts to be drawn out of engagement, for the worm e¹ then-acts upon the
worm gear 'd, which is then held stationary by the escapement mechanism
described, and the clutch parts being disengaged the revolution of part u is stopped
while the part t continues in motion.
This retraction of the part u has compressed the springs 31, and stored up in it
enough expansive power to move the jacquard chain quickly and without shock

page_text: when the shaft u shall subsequently be permitted to move toward the part t. It
will be supposed the circular knitting to be completed, and the rack x lifted into
engagement with toothed gear c³ for reciprocating knitting. The first movement
of the escapement under such conditions permits the passage of one pin n³ of the
wheel o³, whereupon the spring 31 expands, drawing with it the part u and the
worm, rotating the shaft p³ and chains q³, ³, and throwing into engagement the
clutch parts of the said shafts t, u, when the shaft and worm are again revolved,
and at the end of four revolutions thereof another pin n³ passes the escapement
fingers, again permitting the spring 31 to expand and move the jacquard chains,
and so on to the end of reciprocating knitting, at which time the rack x³ is
lowered, the escapement finger holding the shaft p³ fixed, and the worm is again
drawn out to its fullest extent, thereby disengaging the clutch parts and leaving the
portion u and its worm stationary.
In constructing the clutch parts it will be observed that the length of the fingers
27, 28, and the adjustment of the parts should be such as when operating the
machine to cause the fingers of one part of the clutch to be thrown into the cavity
of the other part upon each reengagement of the clutch, it being also observed
during any given number of consecutive motions while reciprocating knitting is
being done that the clutch does not become disengaged but remains operative.
The length of the clutch and the construction of the worm and worm gear should
be such that four revolutions of the worm will cause it to be retracted the same
distance that it will be required to be thrown back by the spring 31 to effect the
required movement of the jacquard chain.
In some instances it may be desirable to dispense with the power accumulating
shaft t, u, just described, and in such case the escapement slide ³ will be provided
with strikers 51, 52, which as the slide is reciprocated will strike the escapement
pins n³ at their sides and positively rotate the shaft p³ intermittingly at the desired
times. Gibbs 53 hold and guide the slide ³ during its movements.
The outer end of the rack bar u² is balanced by means of a spring 54, a pin 54×
resting upon the said spring.
Of the series of needles used in the machine, a portion, less than half, which knit
the instep of the stocking are raised by the working cam f4, which during recipro-
cating knitting, as when the heels and toes of stockings are being made, is drawn
outwardly from the cam ring so far that it does not strike the butts of the
needles g*.
Each needle of the remainder of the series of needles is lifted by
'means of a sliding bit or slide placed within the groove in the needle bed in
which the needle works, and each bit or slide is acted upon by a pivoted lever **,
which is turned upon its pivot by the so called jacquard cam j', see Figures 2 and 7,
attached to an arm a projected from the cam carrying ring a*.
All the levers is, except a certain number that at all times lift the needles which
knit the narrowest course of the heel or toe, are pivoted upon sliding carriages le*,
which are moved backward and forward in radial grooves in the lever bed +, see
Figure 12, by means of pins mon the jacquard slides u³, the said pins entering cam
grooves n in downwardly projecting portions of the said carriages. The levers i
without carriages are represented at the central portion of Figure 12, and all those
with carriages at the ends of said Figure. The needle bed or cylinder b is made of
greater external diameter at bottom than at top, but the grooves therein have their
bottoms straight, smooth, and parallel with the axis of the said cylinder. These
grooves at the bottom are of such depth as to more than cover the traverse of the
points of the levers as they are moved backward and forward. The needle
grooves in the cylinder for a distance below its top are made of such depth as to
enable the needles to be held by a ring o¹ placed outside the cylinder, see Figure 7,
so that the needles will not tip over in their grooves when they are to have put
upon them a rib top or cuff. This ring o' has a loose fit to permit it to revolve
around the cylinder b.
The jacquard bars have upon them lags or indications 34 of different lengths,
having inclines 35, see Figures 1 and 2, which, as they reach the feet of the

page_text: jacquard slides, lift them and cause the said slides to move the carriages k¹ forward,
so that the outer ends of the levers upon the said carriages are placed out of the
range of the jacquard cam j, and consequently the needles opposite the ends of
said levers are not raised, but remain down and inactive with their loops upon
them. In order that the jacquard may effect the selection of needles it is only
necessary that it shall govern the rising of the needles within the cam ring.
The grooves of the needle bed b, which receive the needles which are not selected
by the jacquard surface, will be filled below the needle butts by sheet metal blanks
or slides, shaped as are the needle bits, except that they are about one eighth of an
inch longer, the said blanks preventing the too great descent of the said needles in
their grooves.
It is preferred to arrange the lags upon the bars of the chains, so
that in running out a course of loops one needle or more may be used at the end of
the course beyond that needle which will be the first needle in the next succeeding
returning course. This is shown in Figures 1 and 2 by the arrangement of the
inclined inner ends 35 of the lags and spaces back of them.
The ends of the bars are turned down to form pins 36, which are engaged by the
teeth of the pinions which directly move the chains, and gibs 37 hold the chains
down in contact with the said pinions. The upper end 6x of the needle cylinder
is made as a separable piece, see Figure 21, the outer portion of which is grooved
as at 38 for the needles, while the inner portion thereof is grooved as at 39 for the
reception and guidance of the ends 40 of the web holders p*. The operative apex
of the jacquard cam is in the same radial plane as that of the working cam f
but the cam is so made and placed that it lifts the butts of the needles a little
higher than would the working cam, such position and operation of the said cams
enabling the working cam to be introduced below the needle butts, or withdrawn
from the needles without interference with their butts, and consequently the change
of cams from reciprocating to rotary knitting may be accomplished while the machine
is running at full speed. The working cam f is connected with the slide q', see
Figures 7 and 15, guided in suitable ways attached to the horizontally extended
flanged part of the cam carrying ring a*. This slide q' has a piu 41 which enters
a cam slot 42 in a wide arm 8' adjustably fixed upon a stud t, having at its lower
end a two faced cam u shaped, as shown in detail at right of Figure 1.
As the cam carrying ring is rotated the cam u is made to impinge against the
stud 43, see Figure 2, which is carried by a slide 44, which by an arm 45 is
connected with the slide bar på that lifts the rack c³, as before described.
When the said rack 2ª is lifted, the stud 43 is placed in position to engage the
inner side of the cam u so as to operate the arms, and cause it to withdraw
the working can f* from operative position; but when the slide bar p throws the
rack bar down, the stud 43 is placed in position to be struck by the outer
inclined side of the cam ut, and thereby throw the working cam into position for
circular knitting. Figure 16 shows a gate w', see also Figure 27, which permits
the introduction and withdrawal of needles singly from the grooves in the needle
bed, and connected with the said gate is a groove closer x, which, when the needles
are inserted, completely stops the groove between the loose ring o' and the needle bed,
so that the butts of the needles lifted into the "topping path, as hereinafter
described, can not be completely drawn up out of the said path.
The web-holder-bed a³, provided at its top with a series of radial grooves for the
reception of the web-holders p*, is held in a ring 65 projecting from a bracket c³
attached to a standard d³, see Figure 7, by means of a bolt es which passes through
a slot in the said standard. When this bolt is loosened the adjusting screw f³,
carried by the ear g³, connected with the part c³, can be raised or lowered to adjust
the web-holder bed vertically, to place the tops of the web-holders in the desired
positions, vertically, with relation to the needles in their lowest positions.
The web-holders have upwardly projecting nibs 46, which are acted upon by the
cams 47, 48, 49 adjustably connected with the rotating ring hs, shown in section in
Figure 7, and detached in Figure 13, which is placed within an annular shield i³,
supported by and connected with the ring 65, the said ring having teeth jo, to be

page_text: engaged by a toothed gear carried by the shaft 1; see Figure 2, upon which is
fastened the gear ³, the said gear having a portion of its periphery extended
through a slot in the side of the ring 3. This toothed ring h³ carries the main
thread guide m³ which delivers the threads being knitted into the web directly to
the needles. This thread guide is pivoted at n³, and has a spring o to hold it in
proper position. These web holders p* are made of thin steel, and besides their
blunt portions or tail pieces 40 have points 50. There is a web holder to each
space between the needles, and they are acted upon by the cam 47, so that they
are thrown forward in advance of the rising of the needles next to them, and are
held there until after the said needles complete their descent. As the needles
descend they draw the thread held in their hooks down over the tops of the web
holders, while the partially formed loops rest thereon back of the points 50, and
while the yarn connecting the series of completed loops last formed are held by the
said points which prevents the web from rising or following with the needles. The
tail pieces 40, turned down or enlarged as indicated, avoid the liability of perforating
the web, and by steadying the portions 40 in the grooves 39, exact uniformity of
the longitudinal lines or wales is ensured.
Upon the retraction of the web holders the points 50 pass out from under the
thread or yarn just before drawn over them, and the loops in the yarn as they
pass the points 50 will be contracted and placed in position to be caught by the
points 50 as the web-holders are again advanced.
By means of these web-holders reciprocating between the needles the work may
be "set up" without first placing upon the needles portions of a fabric already
knitted, or without winding yarn about the needles, or without the use of a so
called setting-up device.
-
When starting the work, the latches being open, it is only necessary to place the
yarn in the yarn guide so that it will be taken by the needles. Upon the first
revolution of the machine the yarn is drawn down over the web holders back of
the points 50; upon the second revolution of the machine the partially formed
loops are held from rising by the points 50, and on the third revolution the second
row of partially formed loops is held by the points 50, and so on, so that the
knitting proceeds without any unravelling. The loops may be longer or shorter by
adjusting the web-holder bed, and with web-holders such as described, the usual
friction devices, rollers, or weights employed to take up the knitted web may be
entirely dispensed with.
The sooner that portion of the web holder over which the loop is drawn and
formed is moved outward away from the needle next to it, so as to permit the
said loop to pass beyond or back of the point 50, the shorter will be the loop and
consequently the finer the knitting. To accomplish this movement of the web-
holder at the desired time the cams for operating it outwardly are shaped and so
placed with reference to the cams which operate the needles as to withdraw each
web-holder at or about as the needle next to it completes its descent.
The forward movement of the web holder produced by cam 47 is such as to
draw the loops previously formed over their tops by the descent of the needles
each side of them againt the fronts of the needles g with sufficient force to enable
the points 50 of the web-holders to hold the web in position during the process of
knitting, and the web-holders must take effect upon the loops just as or before the
needles rise, and the web-holders should remain in such advanced position until at
or about the time the needles complete their descent, at which time the web-holders
will be moved outwardly by one or the other of the two adjustable cams 48, 49;
according to the direction in which the machine is knitting.
If these cams allow the web-holders to retain their most forward position until
the needles next them have fully completed their descent, the loops formed will
have all the length they ever can derive from having the yarn drawn down over
the web-holders, whatever may be their height, but if the web-holders are
withdrawn just before the needles complete their descent a part of the yarn drawn
over the web-holders preparatory to the formation of loops will pass from the web-

page_text: holders beyond the points 50; and part of each loop will be drawn by the needles
into the loop which the needle is then forming, instead of taking all the yard
which would be required for the loop from the bobbin, so that closer or finer
knitting may be done in the latter mode of operation than in the former mode.
By the former mode two No. 7 cotton yarns will produce a No. 12 stocking, and
by the latter mode two No. 12 cotton yarns will produce a smaller web, suitable
for a No. 8 stocking for a boy, and in each mode the web will fill the gage of the
machine.
The machine herein represented. is adapted to use three threads or yarns, two
upón the leg or any circular part, and an additional or third thread for thickening
purposes, it being run through the heel, foot, and toe, or either.
The two main yarns 55 will be carried from suitable bobbins through eyes 56
in a stand 57, thence between a series of tension pins 58, 59, through an eye 60
and through a tube 61 to and through the portion 62 of the take-up device, and
thence to the main thread guide m³ and the needles. The thickening thread 63,
also taken from a suitable bobbin, is extended through a tube 64 long enough to
avoid its kinking, thence through an eye 65 in an arm projecting from the
additional thread carriage p extending upward from a rocker shaft 66.
this thickening thread is not being knitted into the web the carriage will occupy a
vertical position, and the thin spring 67 will act upon the upper surface of the arm,
through which is made the eye 65, and will hold the thread 63 so that its free end
will hang down, as shown in Figure 8, the said free end falling between the side of
a rod or bar 69, in which is made the eye 60 and the main threads 55.
When
Referring to Figure 9, it will be noticed that the said main threads approach the
eye 60 at an acute angle, and that the thread carriage p is in its backward
position. When it is desired to introduce this thickening thread 63 into the web,
a protuberance of proper shape and in suitable position upon the pattern chain h²
will strike the arm 68 projecting from the rock shaft 66, and move the carriage
from its rear most position into the position shown in Figure 7. During this
forward movement of the carriage the depending free end of the thread 63 will be
carried into the wedge shaped space formed between 69 and the threads 55, which
latter are running in the direction of the arrow near them, and the thread 63 will
be picked up or caught by the said moving threads 55 and, united with them, be
automatically drawn into and through the eye 60 and all the other eyes or
passages through which the main threads are then moving. The current of air
which follows the two main threads while they are running into the machine and
through the various eyes is made available as an aid to the introduction of the
thread 63. One of the series of tension pins projects upward like a comb from a
plate 70, and the other series from a sliding bar 71, which has a projecting arm 72
provided with an inclined slot 73, see Figure 6, which receives a pin projecting
from a slide bar 74 having a foot 75, which, when it is desired to put tension upon
the main threads 55, as when knitting the ankle and toward the toe, is suitably
operated upon to place the pins of the two series in line, thereby producing friction
upon the thread.
When friction shall have been removed from the main threads, a suitable
projection on the pattern chain h² meets the foot 76 of a slide bar 77, provided
with a pin 78, which enters a cam slot 79, see Figures 6 and 7, in a tongue
carrier 80, provided with a pivoted tongue 81, having a projection 82, and moves
the said tongue carrier and tongue forward, so that the projection 82 comes in line
with the notch 83 in the upper arm 84 of the "take-up," and permits the said
upper arm or its outer end having a projection 85 to settle down upon the threads
which are passing through the eye 86 in the lower arm 87 of the "take-up,"
permitting the take up to grasp the threads and hold onto them, rising and falling,
as is customary and necessary when reciprocating knitting is being done. The two
arms or jaws 84, 87, of the take up which clamp the thread are pivoted at 88 upon
a projection 89, and that a spring 90 sufficiently delicate and elastic may be used to
elevate the take up and the yarn, a balance 91 of suitable weight is applied to an

page_text: arm 92 connected with the arm 87 of the take up, and projected backward from the
pivot 88.
The tongue part S1, which rests between the two arms of the take up, and which
is moved forward when reciprocating knitting is commenced, to thereby permit the
take-up jaws to grasp the threads, and which is moved backward when circular
knitting is commenced so as to open the jaws and release the threads, has its pivot
in line with the pivot 88 of the take-up jaws, said coincidence of pivots enabling
the take up to rise and fall without causing the tongue to be moved longitudinally
at the wrong time, which would open the jaws when they should be closed.
The portion 62 at the end of the upper arm of the take up has a flaring
projection 93 at the outer side of its eye to deflect the air current induced by the
main threads, and ensure the passage through the said eye of the ends of the
additional thread. This projection 62 is made of such size and shape as to serve as
a safety projection, to prevent the loops which form in tightly twisted yarn when
it is slackened from being caught upon the end of the take up and being broken.
This safety projection might be a finger rather than a disc. The weight of the
take up arms will be adapted to the strength of the threads.
While the carriage p³ is in its forward position, as in Figure 7, its arm 68 is
engaged by the carriage locking device 94, see Figure 11, which is held elevated
by means of a slide 95, but when it is desired to stop the running in of the
additional thread, a suitable projection on the pattern chain h² strikes the end 96
of the slide 95, forces it backward in the direction of the arrow on it, releases the
locking device 94, which is held and guided in the block 97, and permits the
spring 98 connected with the carriage p³ to move the said carriage backward, the
arm 68 then forcing the carriage-locking device downward in position, to be then
again operated upon at the proper time by means of a projection on the pattern
chain h, said projections being placed thereon at suitable intervals, according to
the portion of the web which it is desired to thicken. Upon the bracket 98, to
which is attached the rod 69, and the thread eyes 60, is placed a fixed blade 99 and
a movable blade 100, the latter being pivoted at 101 and having an angular
arm 102 projecting from it, as shown in Figure 8.
تائج
A spring 103 connected by a wire or otherwise with the arm 102, acts to close
the blade 100 against the blade 99, the two blades forming a severing device for
the additional thread. A lever 75 pivoted at 104 has its short end extended
forward under the arm 102, and at one side of the long arm of this lever there is
placed a curved rib or projection, shown in dotted lines, Figure 7, which is acted
upon by a pin to projecting from the carriage p³ when the same is moved backward,
said pin at that time depressing the long end of the lever 75, and causing its short
end to move the blade 100 away from the blade 99, as shown in dotted lines,
Figure 8, so that as the thread guiding eye 65 moves backward behind the said
blades, the additional thread 63 is presented between the said blades in position, to
be severed when the said blades are closed, as they are, when the pin t³ of the
rearwardly moving carriage passes beyond the rib of the lever r6, and permits the
spring 103 to move blade 100 in contact with blade 99.
It is obvious that other devices than those herein shown may be contrived to
sever the third thread at the proper time, and to move the carriage p³.
This pattern chain h² also carries projections which come into operative position
at the completion of each stocking, and act upon a stud 105 (see Figure 6, and
detail at right of it) attached to one end of a lever 107 pivoted at 108, and causes
the finger o¹, herein before referred to, to be thrown down between the milled
wheels l, m.
Each slide bar 74, 77, has at its side notches or projections, which when the said
slide bars are elevated are engaged and held in such position by pivoted spring
pressed hooks w; but when either of the said slide bars is to be depressed by
springs or y, suitable projections upon the pattern chain h² strike and move the
hooks w from engagement with the said bars. This pattern chain h³, as well
as the pattern chain t¹, passes around once during the knitting of a stocking; but

page_text: the chain h has a continuous motion, whereas the chain thas an intermitting.
motion.
The pattern chain * is employed as the source of slow motion for the various
parts actuated by it, and the pattern chain t¹ as the source of motion for the parts
requiring quick motion.
In the formation of the heel of the stocking, after the narrowing has been carried
on sufficiently, all the needles used in the production of the heel are brought into
action for, say, two courses, after which the widening of the web is effected by
beginning with the smaller number of needles used when narrowing, and bringing
additional needles upon either side into action according to the plan of the jacquard
pattern, until all of the fashioning needles are brought into use, when circular
knitting may be again begun. This knitting upon the narrowing and widening
needles after the narrowing is done, and before the widening is begun, acts to close
up loose or drawn loops formed upon the edge of the narrowed portions.
This machine by changes of the pattern chains and jacquards is, it is obvious,
adapted to knit a great variety of webs. In the manufacture of hose and
under garments, it is customary to apply to them rib tops or cuffs, which are
knitted in a "topping" or ribbed knitting machine.
One object of this Invention is to facilitate the transfer of these tops or cuffs to
other needles than those upon which they were knitted, that other portions of
fabrics may be knitted to them.
To do this, provision is herein made to bring all the needles up into one plane
that they may all be equally accessible.
This is effected by means of a switch-cam 66 (see Figure 27), which is therein
shown in position to move the needles from the knitting path c, in which is placed
the working cam f into the "topping" path do above. To illustrate the operation
of this switch-cam, the stop e on the loosely pivoted arm f (shown separately in
Figure 34), is first swung by hand toward the cam carrying ring, thereby placing
the stop e in such position that as the cam carrying ring is revolved, the hub g6 of
the arm & herein before referred to as actuating the working-cam, will strike the
said stop and arrest the motion of the cam-carrying ring. The position of this stop
must be such as to arrest the motion of the cam-carrying ring at such a position
that the point of the switch cam 66 will fall between the butts of two adjacent
needles, so that the first one of the needles upon which it acts will have free
passage past the corner he of the path co, as the butts of the said needles move
upward along the path is into the path do above. The switch cam 66 is connected
with a slide bar properly fitted to suitable ways in the cam-ring, and this bar is
provided with a pin 6 which enters a cam slot me in a slide na moved at the proper
time by hand, the said slide when in the position shown in Figure 29 holding
the switch cam down in its lowest position, and when; as in Figures 27 and 28,
in its highest position.
As shown in Figure 28, the switch çam 6º is moving the needles into the upper
or topping path d
This slide bar ke has also connected with it a second switch cam o, which, when
the slide bar is depressed (as shown in Figure 29), acts to direct the butts of the
needles into the descending path p6, which causes the butts of the needles to be
delivered into the knitting path c This switch cam is carried by and is made to
operate as described, by simply turning the cam carrying ring in the direction of
knitting. The motion of the cam ring being arrested as before described, and the
switch cam being lifted, one revolution and a little more of the cam ring will bring
the butts of all the needles into the "topping" path, or into the position shown in
Figure 31, in which position the guide head 76, made preferably as a frame of
suitable size to be supported upon or about the ring hs, will have applied to it the
transferrer 8, which is composed of an annulus having attached to it a series of
hollow quills to (see enlarged details, Figures 32 and 33).
The said quills are made from blanks, such as shown at 109, which are folded
centrally, as shown at 110.. This transferring device makes it unnecessary to

page_text: pick on" to the machine needles singly the loops of a' rib-top or cuff, and by its
use a seam between the rib top and other part of the garment is obviated. In
this Invention the tubularly knitted top, provided with the usual slack course of
loops, is placed by hand upon the quills of the transferrer, the quills being
arranged in such course and at such distance apart as will correspond with the
direction of the line of machine needles and their distances apart. In a transferrer
for a circular knitting machine the number of quills and needles will be equal.
The loops of a top when in position on the transferrer will extend across the open
faces of the quills, and the quills when passed each other over a knitting needle will
direct the books of the needles simultaneously behind and under the loops held by
the quills, so that the loops being engaged by the hooks of the needles are, by the
withdrawal of the transferrers, left upon the needles ready to be knitted to. Each
quill has a shoulder to hold the loop of the usual slack course, so that it may be
passed properly over the hook of the needle.
The slack course loops of the top, so applied to the needles, may be quickly.
pushed down over the latches or be drawn down by the hooks, either method being
determined by convenience dependent upon the particular construction of the
knitting machine, when the knitting to the said rib-top may be proceeded
with.
With this transferrer cheap labor may be employed to place the loops of the
tops upon the quills of the transferrers, and there may be for each machine a
number of transferrers, so as to have a top always ready, thus avoiding waste of
time of the machine. In a circular transferrer the diameter of the circle occupied
by the tips of the series of quills is somewhat less than that of the circle corre-
sponding with the backs of the series of needles, which construction enables the
quills to be quickly and readily applied to the needles, and the needles, as the
quills are passed downward over their points, are forced slightly outward
the depth of the groove in the quill, especially at the shoulder, where the loop rests
will be commensurate with the size of the hook or barb of the needle, and it is found
advantageous that the lower end or edge of the annulus 86 and the shoulders of the
quills should be opposite, in order that the loops may be drawn at right angles to
the quills when tightening the loops preparatory to transferring. The transferrer
being withdrawn, leaving the loops of the rib-top upon the needles, the arm fe is
moved backward, removing the stop e, after which the slide bar ke is depressed to
place the second switch cam of in such position that further movement of the cam
ring will depress the butts of the needles and return all the needles into their
proper knitting path, as hereinbefore described.
When the cam-ring has been turned so far that the needles begin to descend
behind the working cam f4, some yarn must be delivered to them through the
thread guide m to prevent said needles from casting off the work.
When the needles have all been returned to the knitting path, the web to be
produced by this machine may be knitted to the rib-top.
In order to present a smooth surface to the outer ends of the butts of the
needles, so that there will be no edges to strike the needle butts, there is placed
within the cam carrying ring a thin sheet steel ring a', through which are made
apertures for the working cam and the switch cams, and the other parts connected
with bar, and upon and within this steel ring. is secured by rivets or otherwise
the drawing down cam 67, which construction of the cam ring and cam enables the
steel ring to serve as the outer wall of the groove c, and permits the parts to be
readily removed or repaired. The two projections c, d (see Figure 27), serve to
stop the grooves between the paths c, d, at the proper time.
These projections run in passages cut for them in the cam part 67, and in order to
keep or make continuous the inclined surfaces or paths along which the needle
butts pass thin metal strips e, f, are riveted upon the annulus, as described.
Referring to the sheet metal disk q', which is the source of motion for the
pattern chain t, it will be noticed (see Figure 4) that the edge of the wheel has a
pin g, which, should it be desired to rotate the pin-wheel and shaft 8¹ by hand;

page_text: may be removed, and the space in the wheel be brought in such position as to
permit the pins of the pin wheel to pass through the said opening.. By the
term jacquard it is intended to include the jacquard shown, or any other well
known form of jacquard adapted in a circular knitting machine of the kind
described to select the fashioning needles in their proper order. If it is not desired
to produce stockings having ribbed tops the machine after completing the narrowing
of the toe may be made to automatically resume circular knitting for the leg
portion of another stocking, which at the proper place will have a protuberance or
fashioned portion knitted by reciprocating knitting to form a heel, as before
described, after which circular knitting for the foot will be automatically resumed,
and reciprocating motion for the formation of a toe will then follow. The web
produced in this way will have a series of fashioned portions projecting from it at
one side suitable for heels and toes, and separate stockings may be produced from
this web by severing it on that line of stitches connecting the widened portion of
the toe and the foot-part with the leg-part, then the widened portion of the toe so
separated may be brought up and united in any usual way with the top of the
foot-part just severed from the leg-part of another stocking.
The stocking produced by this machine will have a seam only across the top of
the foot, near the toe, that portion of the stocking being the part where the last
course was knitted, and the projecting loops of the toe-part turned up will be
united to the projecting loops of the top of the foot part by means of a hand
needle or otherwise. It is quite difficult by an examination of the stocking when
finished to discover the line of junction of the said loops. In a machine heretofore
invented, and using stitch hooks, the reciprocations of the machine were varied to
govern the length of each row of stitches, and it was proposed to knit a stocking
web having introduced at opposite sides at certain intervals a series of rows of
loops, each row gradually decreasing in length, and such portions of the web were
intended to serve for heel and toe portions, but such machine was not planned to
produce a protuberance in the web consisting of a narrowed portion united to a
complimentary widened portion for the production of an ample and synimetrical
heel and toc, such as may be produced by the machine illustrated in the Drawings,
and forming part of this Specification.
This present machine has been constructed in accordance with the idea that the
heel and the toe of a stocking aro substantially the same in form, and that it is
therefore only necessary to construct a set of appliances for the mechanical knitting
of the one to have what is required for knitting the other, and this involves the
production of the heels and toes upon the same side of the tube.
In this inachine the knitted web is permitted to pass downward through the
open central part of the needle bed b, and thence out laterally between the two
series of jacquard slides at one side of the machine.
Having described the parts from Figures 1 to 35 inclusive, I will now describe
the remaining Figures, which show a different form of mechanism applied to the
main driving shaft, it driving and changing the speed of the said shaft and knitting
devices at the proper times, and also such changes in structure of cams as permits
the use of needles attached to long slides. It will now be observed that the power
is to be applied through a pulley on the main shaft, and that the power
accumulating device is dispensed with, and that the working-cam, and switch cams,
and the needle gate, are placed upon and in plain sight above the cam carrying
ring, and that the switch-cams by being adapted to be drawn away from the
cylinder, themselves become the needle-gate.
In Figures 36 to 38, y denotes the driving shaft referred to in previous Figures,
it having fastened to it a collar c¹ provided with clutch teeth 60, which, when
engaged with the tooth w10 at the end of the hub of pulley E, enables the shaft y
to be driven.
The wheel do is provided to turn the shaft y by hand, and it has a pawl cl⁰ to
engage ratchet teeth on the collar of the clutch 610, so that the machine can be
turned by the wheel. only in the right direction.

page_text: This driving and speed-changing pulley composed of several parts will now be
described. The foundation of this pulley is the sleeve f10, having an easy working
fit on the shaft y, the said sleeve being surrounded by a pulley B having a running
fit thereon, and provided with projecting surfaces 10 at either side its raised
band-face.
A portion of the web of pulley B is removed to receive within it the beveled
intermediate or gear 10, it being supported upon a stud 10 held at its foot by a
pin, and provided with a shoulder to prevent the gear 10 from working outward,
the said stud being provided with an oil duct to lubricate the gear.
The outward face of this intermediate gear 10 has ratchet teeth 10 engaged by a
spring held pawl 10, pivoted to an enlargement 710 of the pulley-web. An oil,
duct mo serves to conduct oil between the pulley and sleeve. The end of the
sleeve 10 next the machine is herein shown as provided with a collar 10, and this
sleeve is surrounded by the hub of wheel A provided with an annular groove or
collar embraced by a suitable yoke on the shipper 010 pivoted at p10. On the
sleeve 10, between the collar 10 and hub of pulley B, and having a working fit, is
the beveled gear A, the disc 10 of which is extended to the part 10 to close the
opening, which would otherwise be left. Fixed to the gear A is a lug s¹0, whose
engagement with the stop to stops the said gear. Upon the other side of the
pulley part B is another beveled gear E, of the same diameter (in this instance)
as A. This gear E is fixed to the sleeve by means of the tapering pin u driven
tangentially, or by means of set screw 210, the three gears being held by these
means properly intermeshed. The outer end of the hub of this beveled gear E is
provided with clutch teeth w10 for engagement with the teeth 610 of the collar
already described. The function of this compound pulley device is to drive the
machine at two rates of speed alternately. As represented in Figure 36, the
machine is at rest, and the belt is supposed to be driving the pulley as a loose-
pulley, and the shipper oo, as shown in Figure 39 is within the notch of a stop a¹³,
connected by a link with a lever 107, like that shown in Figure 6.
Now to start the machine draw outward the shipper 010 by means of the
handle 10, which permits the slotted stop a12 to rise and prevents the return of the
shipper, when the teeth 610, w10, engage, and the pawl 612 connected with the collar
falls into a groove clo, and motion given to the machine through the shaft. y..
The gear A being held by the contact of the lug s10 with the stop 10, the shaft is
moved at its higher speed owing to the rotation of the intermediate ¹º on its own
axis while it revolves bodily around the shaft.
Upon the withdrawal of the stop 10 from the path of the lug 810 (which occurs
just previous to the beginning of the reciprocating knitting, as before described),
the seat of greatest resistance is changed from the stop to to the work it is doing
and this would serve to cause the intermediate 10 to reverse the direction of its
rotation were it not for the engagement which now takes place between pawl k10
and ratchet 10. This prevents the gear 10 from rotating at all, and serves to
compel the gear E to revolve against the resistance and to drive the machine at its
lower rate of speed. It may be well to state, as tending to illustrate the principal
of this part of my Invention, that the pressure upon the stop t10 is the measure of
the work done (resistance overcome) during the high speed of the machine, while
the pressure on the pawl 10 is the measure of it during the low speed.
At the end of a stocking, or wherever required by a pattern surface, or at other
times when, struck by hand, the stop a¹ is moved downward into position shown
in Figure 39, the shipper o¹0 is drawn into the slot in the stop by the spring d¹²,
the pulley is unclutched and the loom stops.
The collar c is pinned to the shaft at d. The object of the ratchet e¹ on this
collar and pawl e10 on the hand wheel is to permit the hand wheel to move the
machine only in its forward direction. Backward motion is in adjusting parts by
hand to be made carefully by turning the cam carrying ring.
A counterbalance of the intermediate 10 and its pin and connections will be
placed within the pulley. When operating the machine by the devices described

page_text: the jacquard shaft p³ will be held against backward motion by a pawl a¹º. Referring
to Figure 40 it will be noticed that the toothed annulus a³, Figure 7, fixed to the
cam carrying ring is dispensed with, the teeth being in this case cut upon a raised
edge of the ring, as at es It will also be observed that the tubular portion of the
cam carrying ring is turned up plain and is entirely free from working parts.
The size is such as enables it to hold the bottom ends of the slides in position in
their grooves.
The grooves are as deep in their different parts as the corresponding parts of the
slide which work in them, the outer diameter of the needle cylinder or bed being
various. The slide is made wider at the butt f12 than at the bottom to ensure the
free passage of the latter whenever the butt can go. At g¹ is a notched thumb
screw (for adjusting the elevation of the web-holder bed), held against working out
of position by the spring h¹².
To prevent the too sudden descent of the slide (in case no loop is on the needle)
by its own weight after the working cam f* has passed it, as shown in Figure 43,
it is bent laterally a little at the bottom.
The working-cam slide has its inner part turned upward (instead of downward),
as shown at 1, Figure 40. To the inner face of this turned-up part is riveted the
cam itself, while to the outer face is riveted the block 2, which carries the
combined switch-cam and needle-gate 12, m12. This block and the parts it sustains
are placed so far above the wide arm s as to permit the swinging of the latter
beneath them.
The part m and the part 12 are so interlocked by guide surfaces as to permit
the former to be moved from and toward the cylinder, but not up and down, while
parts m and are locked in the opposite way, so that, in order to move the
switch can outward as a needle-gate it is only necessary to draw the large-headed
pin n from the seat of its point in m¹, when m1 and 12 may be withdrawn as
one piece. In order to move the switch-cams up or down the pin o¹ is drawn from
its seat, when 12 may be moved up or down till the pin seats itself in the other pit.
In this way the working cam, the switch, and gate are all combined in one piece,
and are all moved forward or backward in changing from round-about to straight
knitting, or vice versa, just the same as the working cam alone was in the previous
construction. Flat springs hold these large-headed pins in position; 2 is a stop
to prevent raising the switch too high.
.
To prevent shooting of the needle slides from the rapid passage of the cam,
projections 12 (Figures 43 to 45) are provided. The butt impinges upon the lower
face of these projections, and the slide is stopped. The inclines t above this face
ensure the passage of the point of the ring-cam u12 above the butt. The union of
the switch-cam or needle-gate and working-cam though a simple is an important
feature.
At 1, Figures 42 and 43, is a stout pin for stopping the head preparatory to
switching by engagement with the double stop f6 already described.
The ring
cam fits close enough to keep the upper ends of the needle slides in position
within the groove.
The long slides w2 carry at their tops the usual latched needles g. The ring
cam u is attached by the feet ¹². In Figure 44.the switch cam is shown in the
process of moving the slide butts from below upward on to the plane formed by
the top of the ring-cam into position for the needles to receive the ribbed-top; and
Figure 45 represents the switch-cam as moving from above the needle butts down-
ward into the knitting path preparatory to knitting upon the ribbed-top. The
switch-cam is retained in this lower position during the process of knitting, the
butts passing clear above the lower cam as represented.
Having now described and particularly set forth the nature of the said Invention,
and the manner of carrying the same into effect, I would have it understood that
what I claim is,-
1st. In a knitting machine provided with a cylindrically arranged series of
reciprocating needles to produce tubular fabric, the combination with the needles

page_text: of a cam to operate them for circular or round-and-round knitting, and a second
cam to operate certain of them to fashion or shape the knitted web for heels and
toes.
2nd. A cylindrical bed, a circular series of independently acting needles, and a
cam to actuate the needles for round-and-round knitting, in combination with a
jacquard to determine the selection of needles for fashioning the web, and a second
cam adapted to operate the needles selected by the jacquard while the machine is
being reciprocated to form heels and toes.
3rd. A cylindrical needle-bed and independently acting needles, a cam to operate
the needles for round-and-round knitting, a jacquard to indicate, and a cam to
operate the fashioning needles for the web, in combination with a pattern surface
to indicate the rotations and reciprocations of, and with mechanism to rotate or
reciprocate the cam-carrying ring, according to the requirements of the said
pattern.
4th. In a knitting machine, a series of needles and a series of levers pivoted
upon independent sliding carriages, combined with a jacquard, and slides or inter-
mediate connections between the jacquard and carriages and the levers and
needles, to thereby effect the selection of the needles to be operated, substantially
as described.
5th. In a knitting machine, provided with a circularly. arranged series of
reciprocating needles arranged in a cylindrical bed, the needles, slides, levers, and
movable carriages upon which the levers are mounted, combined with two jacquard
chains or surfaces, and with devices between the said jacquard surfaces and the
carriages to effect the selection of needles at each side of the cylinder, substantially
as described.
6th. In a knitting machine, a series of needles, slides, levers, and movable
carriages to support the levers, combined with a working-cam to operate upon
the butts of some of the needles or needle slides, and a jacquard-cam to operate
upon the series of levers, substantially as described.
7th. In a circular knitting machine, a series of independent carriages combined
with a series of independent levers pivoted thereon, an independent carriage for
cach lever adapted and situated to be actuated or not in effecting the selection of
needles, substantially as described.
M.L
14.
.
8th. In a knitting machine, needle-lifting levers pivoted on carriages, combined
with devices to move the carriages, and a cam to act upon the said levers when
the same have been carried into its path, substantially as described.
9th. The combination, in a knitting machine, of a series of needles and pivoted
levers, and a cam to act on the levers to lift some of the needles higher than if
lifted by the working-cam, to permit the working-cam to be. moved into or with-
drawn from operative position while the machine is running at full speed,
substantially as described.
10th. The combination with the toothed gear c³ to impart motion to the cam-
carrying ring, of a reciprocating toothed-rack and a revolving spur-gear, and
mechanism to alternately throw the rack and spur-gear into and out of engagement
with the toothed gear to alternately move the machine for reciprocating and for
circular knitting, substantially as described.
J
11th. In a knitting machine, a toothed gear c³, in combination with a toothed
rack and a spur-gear, cach adapted to be alternately engaged with or disengaged
from the toothed-gear, and with mechanism to effect the engagement of the rack
with the toothed-gear while the spur-gear is being disengaged therefrom, and of
the spur-gear with the toothed-gear while the rack is being disengaged, to ensure
the positive operation of the toothed-gear with either the rack or spur-gear,
substantially as described.
يف
12th. In a knitting machine, a series of reciprocating needles, and a jacquard-
cam and a working-cam, having their operative centres arranged in the same
radial plane (the working-cam being adapted to be thrown out of operative
position when the fashioning needles are to be operated, and into operative position

page_text: when the machine is moved to knit a tubular web), combined with devices,
substantially such as herein described, to automatically withdraw and insert the
working-cam at the proper time.
13th. The gear and spur-gear connected as described, and a sleeve, and a disc
provided with cams, combined with a skeleton-slide or equivalent under the control
of a pattern surface, to move the spur-gear laterally at the proper times and to the
described effect, substantially as described.
14th. In a knitting machine provided with a circularly arranged series of needles
actuated by a cam-ring, a gear to engage and rotate and reciprocate the said ring,
combined with mechanism adapted to automatically rotate the said gear and the
cam-ring at high speed for round-about, knitting, and to reciprocate it at slow
speed for to-and-fro knitting, substantially as described.
15th. In a knitting machine provided with a series of circularly arranged needles,
and mechanism for both rotating and reciprocating the cam-ring which actuates
them, and with mechanism to rotate the said cam-ring at a high speed, and to
reciprocate it a slow speed, a pattern chain to automatically effect both the change
of direction of motion of the machine and the change of speed, for the purpose set
forth.
16th. In a knitting machine provided with a circularly arranged series of needles,
and mechanism to both rotate and reciprocate the cam-ring for operating the
needles, a pattern surface to govern the number of said rotations and reciprocations,
combined with a pattern surface and devices controlled thereby to automatically
put the slack-yarn take-up into and out of operation, substantially as and for the
purpose described.
17th. The pivoted take up-jaws combined with a movable tongue and means to
operate it, as described, to effect the opening of the jaws and to permit them to be
closed, substantially as described.
18th. A pivoted take-up jaw, and an attached balance to assist in maintaining it
in its position furtherest from the needles, combined with a jaw pivoted upon the first
mentioned jaw, and adapted to rest upon the thread by its own weight, substantially
as described.
19th. In a knitting machine, the combination with the needles and thread-guide
of means to automatically unite with the main thread while it is running into the
machine, and before it reaches the regular thread guide, an additional or thickening
thread, and discontinue it at any desired point in the web, substantially as and for
the purposes described.
20th. In a knitting machine, the combination with the shaft e³, and its
escapement-wheel, and the escapement-slide and fingers, of the rack-bar, and
projections to operate the escapement-slide, substantially as described.
21st. The working-cam f* and vibrating slotted arm to move it, and the cam and
stud moved by the slide-bar, combined with devices to move the slide-bar and pin
into position to withdraw or insert the working cam as the toothed rack is thrown
into or out of operative engagement with the toothed wheel c³, substantially as
described.
22nd. The longitudinally reciprocating web-holder constructed and operated
substantially as herein described with relation to the needles, for the purposes
set forth.
23rd. The combination with the cam-ring of a movable stop to arrest the motion
of the ring at a point when the point of the switch-cam carried by it is between
the planes of the two butts of adjacent needles, substantially as described.
24th. A non-rotatory transferring device, consisting of a circular head provided
with a series of quills upon which the loops of the knitted tubular or other top are
placed, in combination with a cylindrical series of needles, whereby all the loops of
the tubular or other top held by the quills may be placed simultaneously opposite,
and applied quickly to their respective machine needles, as herein described, to
the effect that a circular web may be knitted to it, all substantially as described.
25th. The combination with the circular head of a series of metallic quills

page_text: arranged and adapted to receive longitudinally and partially sheathe all the machine
needles at once, substantially as described.
26th. A needle gate provided with inclines to act as a switch, substantially as
described, and so constructed and connected that it may be moved up or down to
switch the needles up or down by the action of its inclines, and so that it may
also be moved outwardly from the needle-bed to permit the withdrawal of
needles.
.
27th. A needle switch and a knitting cam constructed and combined, sub-
stantially as described, to permit the switch when placed in one of its positions
to act as a prolongation of the knitting cam and lift the butts of the needles into a
plane above the knitting path.
28th. A knitting cam having its drawing-down inclines separated by a space at
their top, and provided with slide-stopping surfaces 1 projecting into said space
horizontally or angularly, substantially as described.
تم
29th. In a knitting machine provided with a cam to be used during a certain
part of the knitting process, and withdrawn from use during another part of the
process, a needle-gate and switch united and combined with said cam so as to be
moved with it, substantially as described.
30th. In a knitting machine an intermediate bevel gear provided with ratchet
teeth in combination with a pawl to act on said ratchet, and with a gear on the
one side to be driven by said intermediate, and with a gear on the other side to be
moved at one time as an idle wheel by the intermediate and at another to be held
and to act as a fixed toothed rack, compelling the axial rotation of the said
intermediate during the revolutions of the said intermediate around the shaft,
substantially as described.
31st. The combination with the elements of the preceding clause, of a sleeve, a
surrounding band-surface, a sleeve, and clutch or coupling teeth, the whole acting
alternately as a driving and as a loose-pulley, substantially as described:
.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, and of an
Order of the Lord Chancellor, filed by the said William Morgan-Brown in
the Great Seal Patent Office on the 19th January 1881.
WILLIAM MORGAN-BROWN, of the Firm of Brandon and Morgan-Brown, Engineers
and Patent Agents, of 38, Southampton Buildings, London, and 1, Rue Laffitte, Paris.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN KNITTING MACHINES." A communication from abroad by
Benjamin Franklin Shaw, of Lowell, Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United
States of America.
This Invention relates to knitting machines of the cylindrical class wherein the
cam for operating the knitting needles may be made to revolve continuously about
the needle bed to operate the needles to form a circular web, or may be made to
reciprocate about a portion of the needle bed and needles to knit a flat web, or to
fashion a web as in the production of heels and toes for socks.
In this machine that portion of the circular series of needles, less than half, which
knit the instep of the stocking are actuated by a so called working cam, it
operating only when circular or round about knitting is taking place, and the
remainder of the series of needles placed under the control of the jacquard, and
therefore termed fashioning needles, are actuated by a so called jacquard cam
through the intervention of suitable levers and connections, substantially as
hereinafter described. During reciprocating knitting the jacquard cam is the
effective one.
The number of fashioning needles selected for operation at each reciprocation of
the machine is determined by a jacquard surface.
The numbers of revolutions and of reciprocations of the machine, and consequently
the lengths of the circular and the fashioned portions of the web, are controlled by
a pattern chain.
A second pattern chain controls the application of tension to the yarn at certain
portions of the web to knit some parts of it more closely than other parts, the
operation of the take up for reciprocating knitting, the introduction of a thickening
thread at suitable places in the web, its severance, and the stoppage of the machine
when the web is of proper length. The working, and jacquard cams in the machine
are so made and placed with reference to each other that the cam to move the
needles for circular knitting can be put into or out of action whilst the machine is
in full operation, thereby permitting the machine to be automatically changed from
circular to fashioned work, and vice versa, this change being effected automatically
while the jacquard cam operating upon the needles. The toothed gear or wheel
that operates the cam ring, as herein shown through an intermediate, is at times
driven by a rack, the machine being then reciprocated for fashioned work, and at
other times by a spur gear, the machine then being rotated and knitting a circular
web, and the rack and the spur gear are so arranged and combined with this
toothed gear that as the teeth of one are moving from the teeth of the other are
entering between the teeth of the toothed gear. In this way there is no point of
time during which the toothed gear is not positively engaged by either the rack or
spur gear or both. The engagement of the rack (moved at a varying speed by a
crank) with the toothed gear is accomplished just before, at, and just after a point
of time during which the rack and toothed gear move in the same direction and
substantially at the same speed. In this way it will be observed that the change
from rotary to reciprocating motion, and vice versa, is effected when the machine
is in full operation and without any interruption whatever in the application of the
moving power to the operation of the knitting cams.
With the mechanism herein described for rotating and reciprocating the knitting

page_text: cams it is impossible for the parts to become disarranged as to time or relative
working position owing to momentum, inertia, or friction.
It will be observed that an ordinary clutch device wherein the shifting, sleeve is
disengaged from one gear at one end of it before it is engaged with the gear at the
other end of it could not be made to operate practically or successfully a machine
substantially such as herein described, for, by reason of momentum, inertia, or
friction, the gears alternately engaged by the shifting sleeve would slip and
disarrange the harmonious action of the parts with reference to the production of
the fashioned portion of the web.
In the machine herein described the cams are arranged to operate several needles
at once, instead of a single needle. If the machine were arranged to operate one
needle at a time, then the cam having a "pitch" sufficient to operate the needle the
required distance would have to be placed with reference to the butts of the
needles so that its base would be included between the butts of adjacent needles,
this being necessary to complete the stitch, and consequently it would be impossible
to knit a web of sufficient closeness and size for an ordinary stocking fabric on a
machine where straight needles reciprocated in a cylindrical path.
To enable needles operated one by one to be placed sufficiently close in a cylinder
to produce a practical stocking web, it would be necessary to operate such needles
through long levers or arms interposed between the needles and cams, the cam in
such case engaging the outer ends of the radial levers, such levers being separated
at such ends far enough to permit the base of the cam to be included between the
ends of adjacent levers.
Such a construction of a machine employing, as do practically operating
cylindrical machines, from one hundred to two hundred and fifty needles, would
necessitate the extension of the radial levers, say in a two hundred needle machine,
about five feet from the needle cylinder, and unless the machine were operated
very slowly the downward draft of the needle upon the yarn would be so rapid as
to break loops.
In this machine the changes in selecting a greater or less number of needles for
widening or narrowing are made at the end of the crank strokes, when the
movement of the cam ring is substantially at its slowest speed.
In this machine the reciprocations are uniform in length, carrying the needle
operating cams clear beyond the greatest number of needles used in fashioning,
while the length of each row of stitches is determined by the jacquard. Were the
length of the rows of stitches governed by the length of the reciprocations rather
than by the jacquard, the length of the reciprocations would have to be varied in
order to produce fashioned work. If the machine were to knit with one needle or
a stitch hook at a time, the reciprocations would have to vary in length in order to
narrow, and when the reciprocations vary in length the mechanisms for producing
the reciprocations are necessarily more complex than when the reciprocations are
uniform.
During circular knitting the machine is run at its greatest or high speed, but for
reciprocating knitting the speed is reduced, in this instance one half; and after the
completion of reciprocating knitting the speed is again automatically changed to
high speed, this change of speed enabling the machine to accomplish more work
with less breakage. Certain switch cams are employed to at the proper time raise
the butts of all the needles from the knitting path into the topping path," to
enable the easy and rapid transfer to the said needles of a rib top or cuff knitted
upon another machine, in order that said top or cuff may have knitted to it the
web of this machine, the said switch cams throwing the said needles back again
into the knitting path.
Figure 1 represents in elevation the upper portion of the front of a knitting
machine containing the Invention herein described, a portion of the frame work
being broken away to more clearly show the working parts, all the yarn or thread
guides being omitted therefrom; Figure 2 is a right hand end view of Figure 1;
Figure 3 is a top view of Figure 1; Figure 4 is a rear side elevation of Figure 3,

page_text: the jacquard surface being however omitted; Figure 5 is detail to be referred to;
Figure 6 is a left hand end elevation of a portion of the upper part of the
machine, the yarn guides being added; Figure 7 is a front side elevation
and partial section of Figure 6; Figures 8 and 9 represent details of the tension
apparatus for the yarn, and the devices for introducing the thickening thread and
severing it; Figure 10, a top view of the take up; Figure 11, a detail of the
thickening thread locking device; Figure 12 represents, on an enlarged scale, the
lever holding bed; Figure 13, a top view of the rotating ring or wheel which
actuates the web holders, showing the position of the web holders in their relation
to the cams which actuate them; Figure 14, a partial top view of the web holder
moving cam ring, with the yarn guide attached; Figure 15, a top view of one side
of the cam carrying ring, showing the devices for moving the working cam out from
and into position, and also the needle gate mechanism; Figure 16, a side elevation
of the needle gate detached; Figure 17 shows one of the web holders removed;
Figure 18, a needle bit; Figure 19, a lever to lift a fashioning needle; Figure 20,
a carriage to move the lever backward and forward radially; Figure 21, the ring
at the top of the needle bed, grooved at its inner side to receive the ends or tail
pieces of the web holders, and at its outer side to receive the needles; Figures
22 to 26 represent details of the fast and slow speed changing devices or pinions;
Figure 27, a view of the cam portion of the interior of the cam ring without
needles; Figure 28 the same, showing the needles as being elevated into the
topping" path; Figure 29, a like view, with needles being returned to the
knitting path; Figure 30, a section of the cam ring at one side to show its
construction; Figure 31, a portion of the machine with all the needles lifted into
the "topping" path, and with the transferrer applied, the frame or guide for the
latter being in section; Figure 32 is a detail, showing a needle with its hook
within the groove of the transferring quill; Figure 33 represents a blank for a
quill, and a side elevation of the same bent into shape; Figure 34, a detail of the
double stop for placing the switch cam in proper position preparatory to switching
the needles; Figure 35, a face view of the thread guide; Figure 36 represents in
partial section sufficient of the machine to illustrate a form of driving and speed
changing mechanism, to be hereinafter referred to, it being applied directly to the
main shaft; Figure 37, a front side view thereof, the hand wheel being omitted,
and a portion of the driving and speed changing device being broken out to show
the internal bevel gear; Figure 38, a detail to the clutching parts; Figure 39, a
detail to be referred to; Figure 40 represents sufficient of the needle bed and
actuating devices to show the manner of using needles attached to long slides;
Figure 41, one of such needles and long slides enlarged; Figure 42 is a top view of
the cam carrying ring, as used in Figure 40; Figure 43, a view of the needle
actuating cams used in Figure 40, and Figures 44 and 45 are details showing the
operation of the switch cams.
The frame a of the machine is of suitable shape to sustain the working parts.
The needle bed b is located mostly above the bed plate c of the machine, while the
devices for rotating and reciprocating the cam carrying ring, which is embraced by
an annular collar of the tripod a, are located inostly below the said plate.
"
Power to drive the machine is applied to the pulley d loose on shaft e. The
pulley & has its hub f grooved to receive a yoke on a lever g pivoted at h, and
connected with the lever is a bar i notched at its side to engage a projection j so as
to hold certain clutch teeth at the inner side of the pulley, see Figure 3, in'
engagement with suitable clutch teeth * at the side of a pinion k, fast on shaft 'e,
see also Figure 7, and rotate the said shaft when it is desired to operate 'the
machine.
On the shaft e is a milled gear 1, and opposite it on the slide m is a milled gearn,
and when the depending finger o, see Figures 6, 7, is inserted between these gear,
the gear n and slide m are moved backward, such movement of the slide unhooking
arm from projection j, permitting spring 3× which acts upon arm i, sce Figures 3,

page_text: and 6, to move lever g, so as to move the pulley d on shaft e, and free its clutch
'teeth from the clutch teeth k* of the gear k.
This latter gear is the driver for the slow motion; or while reciprocating knitting
is being done, and the long pinion p of larger diameter, also. fast on shaft e, is the
driver for the high speed or during rotary knitting, and the bevel gearr on shaft e
engages the bevel gear 8 on the continuously moving part of the two part shaft t, u,
of the power accumulating contrivance contained mostly in tube, w. The slow
driving gear is always in engagement with a toothed wheel a loose on shaft y,
while the pinion p for the high speed is always in engagement with a toothed
wheel a loose on shaft y, and of less diameter than wheel x. These two wheels
x, a, are located at opposite sides of a drum b¹ fast on shaft y.
The drum 1 has at its face next toothed wheel x a series of teeth c¹, see
Figure 24, to be engaged by dogs attached to wheel x, see Figure 22, said dogs.
being held up by springs e', and at its opposite 'face the drum b¹ has but two teeth
or lugs f, to be engaged by the dogs g¹ at the side of toothed wheel a¹, see
Figure 23, the teeth c¹ being greater in number than those f¹, the number being
increased to make quicker the reengagement of dogs d with the teeth c¹ of
the said drum b¹.
When gear a¹ by its dogs g¹ engages drum 61, the gear a¹ being then driven by
pinion p will drive shaft y at its highest speed, and at such time the drum 6¹ will be
driven with greater velocity than the toothed wheel x, which is then being driven
by the smaller pinion k, and at that time the dogs of wheel x snap over the teeth c',
which overtake and pass them.
When toothed wheel a' is moved laterally on shaft y away from engagement
with drum 61 the motion of the machine slows down for an instant until the
dogs of toothed wheel x overtake the teeth at the side of the drum next to it,
whereupon the shaft y is then driven at its slowest rate of speed through k, x,
toothed wheel a¹ then travelling faster than the drum b¹ without affecting it.
The hub of wheel a¹ is grooved as at h¹ to receive a finger of the gear moving
plate j, notched at to receive a projection of a shipping plate m¹ held by
screws 3, 3, and provided with a finger n¹ to bear against one or the other side of
the pointed rib o¹ of drum b¹. When it is desired to disengage the fast moving
gear a from drum 6', the parts then being as in Figure 3, the shipping plate is
moved toward the left, carrying the finger n' through the space between the
points o¹, o, far enough to be acted upon by the inner inclined side of point o¹.
The further revolution of drum b¹ causes the said inclined point o¹ to force the
finger n¹ still farther to the left, and in so moving causes the projection to engage
one of the shoulders of the plate j', thereby forcing the said plate toward the left;
its finger ¹, then in the groove h¹ of the hub of gear a', drawing it laterally on the
shafty and away from drum b¹. It will be understood that finger n' passes
between points o¹ at the same time that the cam part pl of the disc q' moves the
pin wheel upon the shaft s¹ which moves the pattern chain t¹ provided with the
indications or projections t* that lift the lever ul which has a finger w that enters
between the forked end of the lever, see Figure 6 and detail at left of it, pivoted
at 4, and connected at its lower end with a link y', which link has an arm a³ that
at its outer end has a pin 5, see Figure 3 which enters a slot in the shipping.
slide m and moves it at the proper time.
To effect the changes in speed while the machine is working at its slowest speed,
and thus avoid shock, it is provided in the present construction of this Invention
that when finger w' is raised by the pattern chain t¹ it operates the arm ¹, as
before described, but in order to prevent the spring 62 from drawing the arm x¹
down at the same time that the finger w falls from a projection upon the said
chain, the lower portion 6 of the forked end of arm z¹ is so placed at the rear of w¹
as to be held up by an indication t* after it passes from beneath finger w', so that
arm ³ cannot descend until a subsequent advance of the indications upon which
it rests.

page_text: When the high speed is to be resumed the indications t* of chain t¹, they being
uppermost, as in Figure 6, pass out from under the forked portion 6 of the arm x¹,
thereby permitting the spring 62 to pull it down, and through link y¹ and
connections, as before described, to move the shipping slide, and pass the finger n¹
to the outer or right hand side of the pointed rib o' of the drum b¹, so that the
farther movement of the drum and pointed rib o' forces the gear a¹ into engagement.
with the drum.
The pattern chain t¹ determines the length of the respective parts of the
stocking, and effects at the proper time the changes of motion from round about to
reciprocating knitting, and vice versa.
The change of the source of motion for the toothed gear is effected while its
speed is the same as that of the rack, and when they are moving in the same
direction, which enables the said change to be made without shock. The devices
herein employed to effect these changes of motion may be advantageously used in
other machines.
The main shaft y, driven as before described, has upon it a worm, which
engages a worm toothed pinion e' on a shaft f' in a stand g³, the said shaft at its
outer end having a toothed wheel 8 of suitable shape to engage the links of the
pattern chain 2, which operates at the proper time the devices to apply to and
remove tension from the threads, and to introduce and withdraw a third thread to
be hereinafter described.
This shaft y also has a fast gear 2 provided with a pin, which extends through
a hole in spur gear which is fast on a sleeve m², which sleeve has connected
with it an edged disc ², provided at opposite sides with cams 10, 11, the hub of
the disc being held upon the sleeve by a screw so as to be adjustable thereon.
The edge of this disc enters a slot at the end of or otherwise engages a lever o³,
the opposite end of which extends into a slot in the slide p³ provided with a cam
slot, which receives a pin s² of a bar t connected at 12 with the rack bar u²
pivoted at w, see Figure 4, the said rack bar being adapted to guide and support
the rack, which is moved or reciprocated continuously on the bar u by means of
a link y connected with the said rack and with pin 13 of the toothed wheel a³ on
shaft b³, which shaft carries the disc q¹ before referred to.
When
This toothed wheel as is driven at all times from the gear 2 on shaft y.
the slide p is moved in the direction of the arrow into the position shown in
Figure 2, the rack x is thrown into gear with the toothed gear c³, which toothed
gear then derives its motion from the rack alone, for the spur gear will at that
time be disengaged from the said toothed gear c³. This toothed gear c³ has at its
inner side bevel gear teeth 14, which engage a bevel gear 15 connected with an
intermediate d³, which meshes into the toothed portion e³ of the cam carrying
ring a*. This toothed portion e³ is an annulus fixed to the outer portion of the
cam carrying ring. When the rack a³ is the driver for the toothed gear c³, the
slow motion of the machine is operative, and reciprocating knitting is taking place,
and the needles then operated are the fashioning needles; but when the spur
gear 12 is the driver for the toothed gear c³, the rack then being disengaged, the
machine is run at its higher speed, and circular knitting is done. The disc n³, the
sleeve m², and the gear 2 derive their lateral motion away from gear by means
of cam 10, which meets the upwardly projecting portion 16 of the skeleton slide ƒ³
adapted to slide vertically in a fixed guide way f8, the said slide being lifted into
position at the proper time to so engage with the cam 10 by means of the curved
lever u¹, see Figure 4, which is raised by means of the indication tx herein before
referred to on the pattern chain t¹.
When the said parts n², m², 12, are to be moved in the opposite direction laterally
preparatory to the commencement of circular knitting, this slide f³ is permitted to
full, the indications t* then passing from under finger w' on lever u.
In this position the overhanging portion 17 of the said slide f³ will be placed in
position to be struck by the cam 11, the cam 10 at that time passing above the
projection 16. In order that this disc n² may be held in place in either of its two

page_text: positions, a holding bridge g³ provided with two notches 18, 19, see Figure 5,
is secured to the frame of the machine immediately above the disc; and that the
disc may be moved laterally so that its edge may enter one and then the other
notch, the edge of the wheel for a short distance, as at 20, is cut away for the
passage of the part 21 of the bridge g³ through it.
When the rack is lifted into engagement with the toothed gear c³, two pins or
projections 3, 3, see Figure 4, at the outer side of the said rack are placed in
position to strike the upper end of a finger j³ on the escapement slide, which is
suitably held by the framework so as to be reciprocated in a right line, and which
has two fingers 13, m³, that permit the passage between them at each reciprocation
of the slide of but one pin m³ of the escapement wheel o³, which is fixed at the end
of the shaft p³, through which motion is given to the jacquard surface.
The jacquard herein shown is composed of two chains q³, ³, moved simultaneously
for like distances, the said chains being supported by means of chain beds &³, t³,
having flat tops to thereby hold and maintain a number of the independent bars 22
of the chains in one plane, see Figure 1, whereby the operative surfaces of the bars
are held sufficiently close together when acting upon the feet 23 of the jacquard
slides u³, see Figure 7, the said slides being supported at bottom and top in comb
bars 24, 25.
The slides are held down toward the jacquard surface by means of springs w³,
and when not acted upon by the jacquard surfaces the notched portions 26 of the
slides rest on the comb 24 with the feet 23 just above bars 22.
These slides it will be observed are arranged in the arc of a circle below the
needle bed b, the circle being of sufficient diameter to permit the teeth of the
combs 24, 25, which guide the said slides to have the requisite size and strength.
The bars of the jacquard chain being straight, it is obvious the slides arranged
in a circle must have their feet 23 fall in a straight line, so that all of them if
required may be acted upon by a single bar. To do this the feet of the slides are
made to coincide with the direct line of the bar then in operative position, it being
parallel with the chord of the arc in which the slides are arranged.
Two jacquard surfaces are employed, one for each of the series of slides u³, 23,
and they are so placed that the bars of each surface will operate simultaneously
upon some of the slides of both sets of slides u³, ³. These two jacquard chains are
moved by means of suitable toothed wheels placed upon the shafts p³ and a*, about
which the said chains are passed.
Shaft p has upon it a bevel gear b which engages with a bevel gear con
shaft at, to ensure simultaneous movement of the two shafts. The shaft p³ has at
its outer end a worm toothed gear which is engaged by a worm c¹, which gives
to the said shaft intermittent motion during reciprocating knitting, the said shaft
being held stationary by the escapement finger during the time rotary knitting
is being done. This worm e' is placed at the end of the two part power accumu-
lating shaft t, u, having proper bearings in the tube w. The upper portion t of
this power accumulating shaft having gear 8, as before described, rotates as long
as the shaft e is rotated. The adjacent ends of the two parts t, u, of the shaft each
have fingers 27, 28, projecting from collars 29, 30, which when held in engagement
by the spring 31 will cause the two parts t, u, of the shaft to revolve together and
rotate the worm e¹.
The collar 32 pinned upon the part u may be placed thereon at any desired
position to give the needed tension to the spring 31 to start with. The collar 32
has a working fit upon the part u, and a pin on the collar is extended through a
slot in part u, see dotted lines, the said slot being long enough to permit the
maximum longitudinal motion of the part u. This collar 33 has a bearing at its
lower end and sides, and it together with the spring 31 revolves with the part u.
To illustrate the operation of this power accumulating shaft or device it will be
supposed that the machine is knitting the circular part of its web and that the
part u is within the tube w, and that the spring 31 is expanded to its fullest
extent. In a working machine with a shaft t, u, of this construction and in the

page_text: described conditions, four and three fourths revolutions of the worm will cause the
clutch parts to be drawn out of engagement, for the worm e then acts upon
the worm gear d, which is then held stationary by the escapement mechanism
described, and the clutch parts being disengaged the revolution of part u is stopped
while the part t continues in motion. This retraction of the part u has compressed
the spring 31 and stored up in it enough expansive power to move the jacquard
chain quickly and without shock, when the shaft u shall subsequently be permitted
to move toward the part t. It will be supposed the circular knitting to be
completed and the rack lifted into engagement with toothed gear c³ for
reciprocating knitting. The first movement of the escapement under such
conditions permits the passage of one pin n³ of the wheel o³, whereupon the
spring 31 expands, drawing with it the part and the worm rotating the shaft p³
and chains q³, 3, and throwing into engagement the clutch parts of the said
shafts t, u, when the shaft and worm are again revolved, and at the end of four
revolutions thereof another pin m³ passes the escapement fingers, again permitting
the spring 31 to expand and move the jacquard chains, and so on, to the end of
reciprocating knitting, at which time the rack is lowered, the escapement finger
holding the shaft p³ fixed, and the worm is again drawn out to its fullest extent,
thereby disengaging the clutch parts and leaving the portion u and its worm
stationary.
In constructing the clutch parts it will be observed that the length of the
fingers 27, 28, and the adjustment of the parts should be such as when operating
the machine to cause the fingers of one part of the clutch to be thrown into the
cavity of the other part upon each reengagement of the clutch, it being also
observed during any given number of consecutive motions while reciprocating
knitting is being done that the clutch does not become disengaged. but remains
operative. The length of the clutch and the construction of the worm and worm
gear should be such that four revolutions of the worm will cause it to be retracted
the same distance that it will be required to be thrown back by the spring 31, to
effect the required movement of the jacquard chain.
In some instances it may be desirable to dispense with the power accumulating
shaft t, u, just described, and in such case the escapement slide 3 will be provided
with strikers 51, 52, which as the slide is reciprocated will strike the escapement
pins n³ at their sides and positively rotate the shaft p³ intermittingly at the desired
times. Gibbs 53 hold and guide the slide 3 during its movements.
The outer end of the rack bar u² is balanced by means of a spring 54, a
pin 54* resting upon the said spring.
Of the series of needles used in the machine a portion, less than half, which knit
the instep of the stocking is raised by the working cam f*, which during
reciprocating knitting, as when the heels and toes of stockings are being made,
is drawn outwardly from the cam ring so far that it does not strike the butts of
the needles g. Each needle of the remainder of the series of needles is lifted by
means of a sliding bit hor slide placed within the groove in the needle bed in
which the needle works, and each bit or slide is acted upon by a pivotted lever i
which is turned upon its pivot by the so called jacquard cam j, see Figures 2
and 7, attached to an arm as projected from the cam carrying ring a*.
All the levers, except a certain number that at all times lift the needles which
knit the narrowest course of the heel or toe, are pivotted upon sliding carriages /*
which are moved backward and forward in radial grooves in the lever bed *, see
Figure 12, by means of pins m on the jacquard slides u³, the said pins entering
cam grooves n in downwardly projecting portions of the said carriages. The
levers 2 without carriages are represented at the central portion of Figure 12, and
all those with carriages at the ends of said Figure. The needle bed or cylinder b is
made of greater external diameter at bottom than at top, but the grooves therein
have their bottoms straight, smooth, and parallel with the axis of the said cylinder.
These grooves at the bottom are of such depth as to more than cover the traverse
of the points of the levers i as they are moved backward and forward: The

page_text: needle grooves in the cylinder for a distance below its top are made of such depth
as as enable the needles to be held by a ring o' placed outside the cylinder, see
Figure 7, so that the needles will not, tip over in their grooves when they are to
have put upon them a rib, top, or cuff. This ring o' has a loose fit to permit it to
revolve around the cylinder b.
The jacquard bars have upon them lags or indications 34 of different lengths
baving inclines 35, see Figures 1 and 2, which as they reach the feet of the
jacquard slides lift them and cause the said slides to move the carriages k* forward,
so that the outer ends of the levers upon the said carriages are placed out of the
range of the jacquard cam j, and consequently the needles opposite the ends of
said levers are not raised but remain down and inactive with their loops upon them.
In order that the jacquard may effect the selection of needles, it is only necessary
that it shall govern the rising of the needles within the cam ring.
The grooves of the needle bed b, which receive the needles which are not selected
by the jacquard surface, will be filled below the needle butts by sheet metal blanks
or slides shaped as are the needle bits except that they are about one eighth of an
inch longer, the said blanks preventing the two great descent of the said needles
in their grooves. It is preferred to arrange the lags upon the bars of the chains,
so that in running out a course of loops one needle or more may be used at the end
of the course beyond that needle which will be the first needle in the next succeeding
returning course. This is shown in Figures 1 and 2 by the arrangement of the
inclined inner ends 35 of the lags and spaces back of them.
The ends of the bars are turned down to form pins 36, which are engaged by
the teeth of the pinions which directly move the chains, and gibs 37 hold the
chains down in contact, with the said pinions. The upper end b* of the needle
cylinder is made as a separablé piece, see Figure 21, the outer portion of which is
grooved as at 38 for the needles, while the inner portion thereof is grooved as at
39 for the reception and guidance of the ends 40 of the web holders pt. The
operative apex of the jacquard cam is in the same radial plane as that of the
working cam f, but the cam is so made and placed that it lifts the butts of the
needles a little higher than would the working cam, such position and operation of
the said cams enabling the working cam to be introduced below the needle butts or
withdrawn from the needles without interference with their butts, and consequently
the change of cams from reciprocating to rotary knitting may be accomplished while
the machine is running at full speed. The working cam f', is connected with the
slide q, see Figures 7 and 15, guided in suitable ways r attached to the horizontally
extended flanged part of the cam carrying ring a*. This slide has a pin 41
which enters a cam slot 42 in a wide arm s, adjustably fixed upon a stud t
having at its lower end a two faced cam u shaped as shown in detail at right of
Figure 1.
As the cam carrying ring is rotated the cam u is made to impinge against the
stud 43, see Figure 2, which is carried by a slide 44, which by an arm 45 is con-
nected with the slide bar p² that lifts the rack ², as before described.
When the said rack 2 is lifted, the stud 43 is placed in position to engage the
inner side of the cam u¹ so as to operate the arm 8' and cause it to withdraw the
working cam f, from operative position, but when the slide bar p³ throws the rack
bar down, the stud 43 is placed in position to be struck by the outer inclined
side of the cam u, and thereby throw the working cam into position for circular
knitting. Figure 16 shows a gate w¹, see also Figure 27, which permits the
introduction and withdrawal of needles singly from the grooves in the needle bed,
and connected with the said gate is a groove closer., which when the needles
are inserted completely stops the groove between the loose ring o¹ and the needle
bed, so that the butts of the needles lifted into the topping path, as hereinafter
described, cannot be completely drawn up out of the said path.
The web holder bed as, provided at its top with a series of radial grooves.for.the
reception of the web holders 2*, is held in a ring bb, projecting from a bracket c
attached to a standard do, see Figure 7, by means of a bolt es, which passes through

page_text: a slot in the said standard. When this bolt is loosened the adjusting screw f³,
carried by the ear g³ connected with the part c³, can be raised or lowered to adjust
the web holder bed vertically to place the tops of the web holders in the desired
positions vertically with relation to the needles in their lowest positions.
The web holders have upwardly projecting nibs 46 which are acted upon by the
cams 47, 48, 49, adjustably connected with the rotating ring hs, shown in section
in Figure 7, and detached in Figure 13, which is placed within an annular shield i³,
supported by and connected with the ring 65, the said ring h³ having teeth j³ to
be engaged by a toothed gear 5 carried by the shaft 3, see Figure 2, upon which
is fastened the gear d³; the said gear 5 having a portion of its periphery extended
through a slot in the side of the ring . This toothed ring h³ carries the main
thread guide m³, which delivers the thread being knitted into the web directly to
the needles. This thread guide is pivoted at n³, and has a spring o³ to hold it in
proper position. These web holders p' are made of thin steel, and besides their
blunt portions or tail pieces 40 have points 50. There is a web holder to each
space between the needles, and they are acted upon by the cam 47, so that they are
thrown forward in advance of the rising of the needles next to them, and are held
there until after the said needles complete their descent. As the needles descend
they draw the thread held in their hooks down over the tops of the web holders,
so that the partially formed loops rest thereon back of the points 50, and while the
yarn connecting the series of completed loops last formed is held by the said points
which prevent the web from rising or following with the needles. The tail
pieces 40 turned down or enlarged, as indicated, avoid the liability of perforating
the web, and by steadying the portions 40 in the grooves 39 exact uniformity of
the longitudinal lines or wales is ensured.
Upoti the retraction of the web holders the points 50 pass out from under the
thread or yarn just before drawn over them, and the loops in the yarn as they pass
the points 50 will be contracted and placed in position to be caught by the points 50
as the web holders are again advanced.
By means of these web holders reciprocating between the needles the work may
be set up without first placing upon the needles portions of a fabric already knitted,
or without winding yarn about the needles, or without the use of a so called setting
up device.
When starting the work, the latches being open, it is only necessary to place the
yarn in the yarn guide, so that it will be taken by the needles. Upon the first
revolution of the machine the yarn is drawn over the web holders back of the
points 50; upon the second revolution of the machine the partially formed loops
are held from rising by the points 50, and on the third revolution the second row
of partially formed loops is held by the points 50, and so on, so that the knitting
proceeds without any unravelling. The loops may be longer or shorter by adjusting
the web holder bed, and with web holders such as described, the usual friction
devices, rollers, or weights employed to take up the knitted web may be entirely
dispensed with.
The sooner that portion of the web holder over which the loop is drawn and
formed is moved outward away from the needle next to it, so as to permit the said
loop to pass beyond or back of the point 50, the shorter will be the loop and
consequently the finer the knitting: To accomplish this movement of the web
holder at the desired time the cams for operating it outwardly are shaped, and so
placed with reference to the cams which operate the needles, as to withdraw each
web holder at or about as the needle next to it completes its descent.
The forward movement of the web bolder produced by cam 47 is such as-to draw
the loops previously formed over their tops by the descent of the needles each side
of them against the fronts of the needles g₁, with sufficient force to enable the
points 50 of the web holders to hold the web in position during the process of
knitting, and the web holders must take effect upon the loops just as or before the
needles rise, and the web holders should remain in such advanced position until at
or about the time the needles complete their descent, at which time the web holders

page_text: will be moved outwardly by one or the other of the two adjustable cams 48, 49,
according to the direction in which the machine is knitting.
If these cams allow the web holders to retain their most forward position until
the needles next them have fully completed their descent, the loops formed will
have all the length they ever can derive from having the yarn drawn down over
the web holders, whatever may be their height, but if the web holders are with-
drawn just before the needles complete their descent, a part of thẹ yarn drawn
over the web holders preparatory to the formation of loops will pass from the web
holders beyond the points 50, and part of each loop will be drawn by the needles
into the loop which the needle is then forming, instead of taking all the yarn
which would be required for the loop from the bobbin, so that closer or finer
knitting may be done in the latter mode of operation than in the former mode.
By the former mode two No. 7 cotton yarns will produce a No. 12 stocking, and
by the latter mode two No. 12 cotton yarns will produce a smaller web suitable
for a No. 8 stocking for a boy, and in each mode the web will fill the gauge of the
machine.
The machine herein represented is adapted to use three threads or yarns, two
upon the leg or any circular part, and an additional or third thread for thickening
purposes, it being run through the heel, foot, and toe, or either,
The two main yarns 55 will be carried from suitable bobbins through eyes 56 in
a stand 57, thence between a series of tension pins 58, 59, through an eye 60, and
through a tube 61 to and through the portion 62 of the take up device, and thence
to the main thread guide m and the needles. The thickening thread 63, also
taken from a suitable bobbin, is extended through a tube 64 long enough to avoid
its kinking, thence through an eye 65 in an arm projecting from the .additional
thread carriage p extending upward from a rocker shaft 66. When this thickening
thread is not being knitted into the web the carriage will occupy a vertical
position, and the thin spring 67 will act upon the upper surface of the arm, through
which is made the eye 65, and will hold the thread 63, so that its free end will
hang down, as shown in Figure 8, the said free end falling between the side
of a rod or bar 69, in which is made the eye 60 and the main threads 55.
Referring to Figure 9, it will be noticed that the said main threads approach
the eye 60 at an acute angle, and that the thread carriage p³ is in its backward
position. When it is desired to introduce this thickening thread 63 into the web,
a protuberance of proper shape, and in suitable position upon the pattern chain h³,
will strike the arm 68 projecting from the rock shaft 66, and move the carriage
from its rear most position into the position shown in Figure 7. During this
forward movement of the carriage the depending free end of the thread 63 will be
carried into the wedge shaped space formed between 69 and the threads 55, which
latter are running in the direction of the arrow near them, and the thread 63 will 4
be picked up or caught by the said moving threads 55, and unite with them be
automatically drawn into and through the eye 60, and all the other eyes or passages
through which the main threads are then moving. The current of air which
follows the two main threads while they are running into the machine and through
the various eyes is made available as an aid to the introduction of the thread 63. 4
One of the series of tension pins projects upward like a comb from a plate 70, and
the other series from a sliding bar 71, which has a projecting arm 72 provided
with an inclined slot 73, see Figure 6, which receives a pin projecting from a slide
bar 74 having a foot 75, which when it is desired to put tension upon the main
threads 55, as when knitting the ankle and toward the toe, is suitably operated 5
upon to place the pins of the two series in line, thereby producing friction upon
the thread.
When friction shall have been removed from the main threads, a suitable
projection on the pattern chain he meets the foot 76 of a slide bar 77 provided with
a pin 78, which enters a cam slot 79, see Figures 6 and 7, in a tongue carrier S0 5
provided with a pivoted tongue 81 having a projection 82, and moves the said
tongue carrier and tongue forward, so that the projection 82 comes in line with

page_text: the notch 83 in the upper arm 84 of the take up, and permits the said upper arm,
or its outer end having a projection 85, to settle down upon the threads which are
passing through the eye 86 in the lower arm 87 of the "take up," permitting the
take up to grasp the threads and hold on to them, rising and falling as is customary
and necessary when reciprocating knitting is being done. The two arms or jaws
84, 87, of the take up which clamp the thread, are pivoted at 88 upon a pro-
jection 89, and that a spring 90, sufficiently delicate and elastic, may be used to
elevate the take up and the yarn. A balance 91 of suitable weight is applied to
an arın 92 connected with the arm 87 of the take up, and projected backward from
the pivot 88.
The tongue part 81, which rests between the two arms of the take up, and
which is moved forward when reciprocating knitting is commenced to thereby
permit the take up jaws to grasp the threads, and which is moved backward when
circular knitting is commenced, so as to open the jaws and release the threads,
has its pivot in line with the pivot SS of the take up jaws, said coincidence of
pivots enabling the take up to rise and fall without causing the tongue to bo
moved longitudinally at the wrong time, which would open the jaws when they
should be closed.
The portion 62 at the end of the upper arm of the take up has a flaring
projection 93 at the outer side of its eye to deficct the air current induced by the
main threads and ensure the passage through the said eye of the ends of the
additional thread. This projection 62 is made of such size and shape as to serve as
a safety projection to prevent the loops which form in tightly twisted yarn when
it is slackened from being caught upon the end of the take up and being broken.
This safety projection might be a finger rather than a disc. The weight of the
take up arms will be adapted to the strength of the threads.
While the carriage p³ is in its forward position, as in Figure 7, its arm 68 is
engaged by the carriage locking device 94, see Figure 11, which is held elevated
by means of a slide 95, but when it is desired to stop the running in of the
additional thread, a suitable projection on the pattern chain h² strikes the end 96
of the slide 95, forces it backward in the direction of the arrow on it, releases the
locking device 94 which is held and guided in the block 97, and permits the
spring 98 connected with the carriage p³ to move the said carriage backward, the
arm 68 then forcing the carriage locking device downward in position, to be then
again operated upon at the proper time by means of a projection on the pattern
chain, said projections being placed thereon at suitable intervals, according to the
portion of the web which it is desired to thicken. Upon the bracket 98, to which
is attached the rod 69 and the thread eye 60, is placed a fixed bladé 99, and
a moveable blade 100, the latter being pivotted at 101, and having an angular
arm 102 projecting from it, as shewn in Figure 8.
A spring 103, connected by a wire or otherwise with the arm 102, acts to close
the blade 100 against the blade 99, the two blades forming a severing device
for the additional thread. A lever, pivoted at 104, has its short end extended
forward under the arm 102, and at one side of the long arm of this lever there is
5 placed a curved rib or projection, shown in dotted lines Figure 7, which is acted
upon by a pin ts, projecting from the carriage p³, when the same is moved backward,
said pin at that time depressing the long end of the lever and causing its short
end to move the blade 100 away from the blade 99, as shown in dotted lines,
Figure 8, so that as the thread guiding eye 65 moves backward behind the said
bblades, the additional thread 63 is presented between the said blades in position to
be severed when the said blades are closed, as they are when the pin t of the
rearwardly moving carriage passes beyond the rib of the lever 75, and permits the
spring 103 to move blade 100 in contact with blade 99.
It is obvious that other devices than those herein shown may be contrived to
5 sever the third thread at the proper time, and to move the carriage p³.
This pattern chain he also carries projections which come into operative position
at the completion of each stocking, and act upon a stud 105 (see Figure 6 and
***

page_text: detail at right of it) attached to one end of a lever 107 pivoted at 108, and causes
the finger o', hereinbefore referred to, to be thrown down between the milled
wheels l, m.
Each slide bar 74, 77, has at its side notches or projections which, when the said
slide bars are elevated, are engaged and held in such position by pivoted spring
pressed hooks 20, but when either of the said slide bars is to be depressed by
springs or y suitable projections upon the pattern chain h² strike and move the
hooks w from engagement with the said bars. This pattern chain h² as well as
the pattern chain passes around once during the knitting of a stocking, but
the chain 2 has a continuous motion, whereas the chain has an intermitting
motion.
The pattern chain h² is employed as the source of slow motion for the various
parts actuated by it, and the pattern chain t¹ as the source of motion for the parts
requiring quick motion.
In the formation of the heel of the stocking after the narrowing has been carried
on sufficiently, all the needles used in the production of the heel are brought into
action for, say, two courses, after which the widening of the web is effected by
beginning with the smaller number of needles used when narrowing, and bringing
additional needles upon either side into action, according to the plan of the jacquard
pattern, until all of the fashioning needles are brought into use, when circular
knitting may be again begun. This knitting upon the narrowing and widening
needles after the narrowing is done and before the widening is begun acts to close
up loose or drawn loops formed upon the edge of the narrowed portions.
This machine, by changes of the pattern chains and jacquards, is, it is obvious,
adapted to knit a great variety of webs. In the manufacture of hose and under
garments it is customary to apply to them rib tops or cuffs, which are knitted in a
topping or ribbed knitting machine.
One object of this Invention is to facilitate the transfer of these tops or cuffs to
other needles than those upon which they were knitted that other portions of
fabrics may be knitted to them.
To do this provision is herein made to bring all the needles up into one plane
that they may all be equally accessible.
This is effected by means of a switch cam 66 (see Figure 27) which is, therein
shown in position to move the needles from the knitting path ce, in which is placed
the working cam f4, into the topping path dª above. To illustrate the operation
of this switch cam the stop e on the loosely pivoted arm f" (shown separately in
Figure 34) is first swung by hand toward the cam carrying ring, thereby placing
the stop e in such position that as the cam carrying ring is revolved the hub g of
the arms, herein before referred to as actuating the working cam, will strike the
said stop and arrest the motion of the cam carrying ring. The position of this
stop must be such as to arrest the motion of the cam carrying ring at such a
position that the point of the switch cam 6 will fall between the butts of two
adjacent needles, so that the first one of the needles upon which it acts will
have free passage past the corner he of the path c as the butts of the said
needles move upward along the path into the path do above. The switch
cam 6 is connected with a slide bar 6 properly fitted to suitable ways in the
cam ring, and this bar is provided with a pin 16, which enters a cam slot m
in a slide n moved at the proper time by hand, the said slide, when in the
position shown in Figure 29, holding the switch cam down in its lowest position,
and when, as in Figures 27 and 28, in its highest position.
As shown in Figure 28 the switch cam 66 is moving the needles into the upper
or topping path do.
This slide bar has also connected with it a second switch cam of, which, when
the slide bar is depressed (as shown in Figure 29), acts to direct the butts of the
needles into the descending path p6, which causes the butts of the needles to be
delivered into the knitting path c. This switch cam is carried by and is made to
operate, as described, by simply turning the cam carrying ring in the direction of

page_text: Enitting. The motion of the cam ring being arrested, as before described, and the
switch cam being lifted, one revolution and a little more of the cam ring will bring
the butts of all the needles into the topping path or into the position shown in
Figure 31, in which position the guide head 70, made preferably as a frame of.
suitable size to be supported upon or about the ring ho, will have applied to it the
transferrer 8, which is composed of an annulus having attached to it a series of
quills (see enlarged details Figures 32 and 33).
The said quills are made from blanks, such as shown at 109, which are folded
centrally, as shown at 110.
This transferring device makes it unnecessary to pick on to the machine needles
singly the loops of a rib top or cuff, and by its use a seam between the rib top.
and other part of the garment is obviated. In this Invention the tubularly knitted
top provided with the usual slack course of loops is placed by hand upon. the
quills to of the transferrer, the quills being arranged in such course and at such.
distance apart as will correspond with the direction of the line of machine needles
and their distances apart. In a transferrer for a circular knitting machine the
number of quills and needles will be equal. The loops of a top when in position
on the transferrer will extend across the open faces of the quills, and the quills
when passed each over a knitting needle will direct the hooks of the needles
simultaneously behind and under the loops held by the quills, so that the loops,
being engaged by the hooks of the needles, are by the withdrawal of the transferrers
left upon the needles ready to be knitted to. Each quill has a shoulder to hold
the loop of the usual slack course, so that it may be passed properly over the hook
of the needle.
The slack course loops of the top so applied to the needles may be quickly pushed
down over the latches or be drawn down by the hooks, either method being
determined by convenience dependent upon the particular construction of the
knitting machine, when the knitting to the said rib top may be proceeded with.
With this transferrer cheap labour may be employed to place the loops of the
tops upon the quills of the transferrers, and there may be for each machine a number
of transferrers, so as to have a top always ready, thus avoiding waste of time of the
machine. In a circular transferrer the diameter of the circle occupied by the
tips of the series of quills is somewhat less than that of the circle corresponding
with the backs of the series of needles, which construction enables the quills to be
quickly and readily applied to the needles, and the needles as the quills are passed
downward over their points are forced slightly outward; the depth of the groove in
the quill, especially at the shoulder where the loop rests, will be commensurate
with the size of the hook or barb of the needle, and it is found advantageous
that the lower end or edge of the annulus 8 and the shoulders of the quills
should be opposite, in order that the loops may be drawn at right angles to
the quills when tightening the loops preparatory to transferring. The transferrer
being withdrawn, leaving the loops of the rib top upon the needles, the arm fo
is moved backward, removing the stop es, after which the slide bar ke is depressed,
to place the second switch cam 0 in such position that further movement of
the cam ring will depress the butts of the needles and return all the needles into
their proper knitting path, as herein before described.
When the cam ring has been turned so far that the needles begin to descend
behind the working cam f', some yarn must be delivered to them through the
thread guide m³ to prevent said needles from casting off the work.
When the needles have all been returned to the knitting path, the web to be
produced by this machine may be knitted to the rib top.
In order to present a smooth surface to the outer ends of the butts of the
needles so that there will be no edges to strike the needle butts, there is placed
within the cam carrying ring a thin sheet steel ring a7, through which are made
apertures for the working cain and the switch cams, and the other parts connected
with bar ko, and upon and within this steel ring is secured by rivets or otherwise
the drawing down cam 67, which construction of the cam ring and cam enables the

page_text: steel ring to serve as the outer wall of the groove c, and permits the parts to be'
readily removed or repaired. The two projections c, d, (see Figure 27) serve to
stop the grooves between the paths c, d, at the proper time..
.
These projections run in passages cut for them in the cam part 67, and in order to
keep or make continuous the inclined surfaces or paths, along which the needlo
butts pass, thin metal strips e, f, are rivetted upon the annulus as described.
Referring to the sheet metal disc q, which is the source of motion for the pattern
chain t¹, it will be noticed (see Figure 4) that the edge of the wheel has a pin g7;
which, should it be desired to rotate the pin wheel and shaft s¹ by hand, may
be removed, and the space in the wheel be brought in such position as to permit
the pins of the pin wheel r¹ to pass through the said opening. By the term jacquard
it is intended to include the jacquard shown, or any other well known form of
jacquard adapted in a circular knitting machine of the kind described, to select the
fashioning needles in their proper order. If it is not desired to produce stockings
having ribbed tops, the machine, after completing the narrowing of the toe, may.be
made to automatically resume circular knitting for the leg portion of another
stocking, which at the proper place will have a protuberance or fashioned portion
knitted by reciprocating knitting to form a heel as before described, after which
circular knitting for the foot will be automatically resumed, and reciprocating
motion for the formation of a toe will then follow. The web produced in this way
will have a series of fashioned portions projecting from it at one side suitable for
heels and toes, and separate stockings may be produced from this web by severing
it on that line of stitches connecting the widened portion of the toe and the foot
part with the leg part, then the widened portion of the toe so separated may be
brought up and united in any usual way with the top of the foot part just severed
from the leg part of another stocking.
The stocking produced by this machine will have a seam only across the top of
the foot near the toe, that portion of the stocking being the part where the last
course was knitted, and the projecting loops of the toe part turned up will be
united to the projecting loops of the top of the foot part by means of a hand
needle or otherwise. It is quite difficult, by an examination of the stocking when
finished, to discover the line of junction of the said loops. In a machine heretofore
invented and using stitch hooks the reciprocations of the machine were varied to
govern the length of each row of stitches, and it was proposed to knit a stocking
web having introduced at opposite sides at certain intervals a series of rows of
loops, each row gradually decreasing in length, and such portions of the web were
.intended to serve for heel and toe portions, but such machine was not planned to
produce a protuberance in the web consisting of a narrowed portion united to a
complimentary widened portion for the production of an ample and symmetrical
heel and toc, such as may be produced by the machine illustrated in the Drawings
and forming part of this Specification.
This present machine has been constructed in accordance with the idea that the
heel and the toe of a stocking are substantially the same in form, and that it is
therefore only necessary to construct a set of appliances for the inechanical knitting
of the one to have what is required for knitting the other, and this involves the
production of the heels and toes upon the same side of the tube.
In this machine the knitted web is permitted to pass downward through the
open central part of the needle bed b, and thence out laterally between the two
series of jacquard slides at one side of the machine.
Having described the parts from Figures 1 to 35, inclusive, I will now describe
the remaining Figures, which show a different form of mechanism applied to the
main driving shaft, it driving and changing the speed of the said shaft and
knitting devices at the proper times, and also such changes in structure of cams as
permits the use of needles attached to long slides. It will now be observed that
the power is to be applied through a pulley on the main shaft, and that the power
accumulating device is dispensed with, and that the working cam and switch cams
and the needle gate are placed upon and in plain sight above the cam carrying

page_text: ring, and that the switch cams by being adapted to be drawn away from the
cylinder themselves become the needle gate.
In Figures 36 to 38 y denotes the driving shaft referred to in previous Figures,
it having fastened to it a collar c" provided with clutch teeth 610, which when
engaged with the tooth w10 at the end of the hub of pulley E enables the shaft y
to be driven.
The wheel do is provided to turn the shaft y by hand, and it has a pawl c¹⁰ to
engage ratchet teeth on the collar of the clutch 610, so that the machine can be
turned by the wheel do only in the right direction.
This driving and speed changing pulley composed of several parts will now be
described. The foundation of this pulley is the sleeve f10 having an easy working
fit on the shaft y; the said sleeve being surrounded by a pulley B having a running
fit thereon, and provided with projecting surfaces g10 at either side its raised
band-face.
A portion of the web of pulley B is removed to receive within it the beveled
intermediate or gear 10, it being supported upon a stud 210, held at its foot by a
pin, and provided with a shoulder to prevent the gear 10 from working outward,
the said stud being provided with an oil duct to lubricate the gear.
An oil duct
The outward face of this intermediate gear 10 has ratchet teeth 10 engaged by a
spring held pawl 10 pivotted to an enlargement 210 of the pulley web.
m¹º serves to conduct oil between the pulley and sleeve. The end of the sleeve ₤10
next the machine is herein shown as provided with a collar n10, and this sleeve is
surrounded by the hub of wheel A provided with an annular groove or collar,
embraced by a suitable yoke on the shipper o¹º pivotted at p10. On the sleeve fƒ10
between the collar n10 and hub of pulley B, and having a working fit, is the bevelled
gear A, the disc 710 of which is extended to the part 90 to close the opening which
would otherwise be left. Fixed to the gear A is a lug 810, whose engagement with
the stop stops the said gear. Upon the other side of the pulley part B is
another bevelled gear E of the same diameter (in this instance) as A. This gear E
is fixed to the sleeve by means of the tapering pin 10 driven tangentially, or by
means of set screw 10, the three gears being held by these means properly
intermeshed. The outer end of the hub of this bevelled gear E is provided with
clutch teeth wo for engagement with the teeth 610 of the collar already described.
The function of this compound pulley device is to drive the machine at two rates
of speed alternated. As represented in Figure 36, the machine is at rest, and the
belt is supposed to be driving the pulley as a loose pulley, and the shipper 010 as
shown in Figure 39, is within the notch of a stop a¹² connected by a link with a
lever 107 like that shown in Figure 6.
Now to start the machine draw outward the shipper o¹0 by means of the handle x10
which permits the slotted stop a¹ to rise and prevents the return of the shipper,
when the teeth 610, w10, engage, and the pawl 612 connected with the collar falls into
a groove clo, and motion is given to the machine through the shaft y.
The gear A being held by the contact of the lug 810 with the stop to, the shaft is
moved at its higher speed, owing to the rotation of the intermediate h10 on its own
axis while it revolves bodily around the shaft.
Upon the withdrawal of the stop te from the path of the lug 810 (which occurs
just previous to the beginning of the reciprocating knitting as before described) the
seat of greatest resistance is changed from the stop to to the work it is doing, and
this would serve to cause the intermediate 10 to reverse the direction of its
rotation were it not for the engagement which now takes place between pawl 10
and ratchet 10. This prevents the gear 10 from rotating at all, and serves to
compel the gear E to revolve against the resistance, and to drive the machine at
its lower rate of speed. It may be well to state, as tending to illustrate the
principle of this part of my Invention, that the pressure upon the stop 10 is the
measure of the work done (resistance overcome) during the high speed of the
machine, while the pressure on the pawl 10 is the measure of it during the low
speed.

page_text: :
At the end of a stocking, or wherever required by a pattern surface, or at other
times when struck by hand, the stop a¹ is moved downward into position shown
in Figure 39, the shipper o¹0 is drawn into the slot in the stop by the spring d
the pulley is unclutched, and the loom stops.
The collar c¹ is pinned to the shaft at d. The object of the ratchet e¹² on this
collar and pawl e¹ on the hand wheel is to permit the hand wheel to move the
machine only in its forward direction. Backward motion is in adjusting parts by
hand, to be made carefully by turning the cam carrying ring.
A counterbalance of the intermediate h¹ and its pin and connections will be
placed within the pulley. When operating the machine by the devices described,
the jacquard shaft p will be held against backward motion by a pawl alo.
Referring to Figure 40, it will be noticed that the toothed annulus a³, Figure 7,
fixed to the cam-carrying ring is dispensed with, the teeth being in this case cut
upon a raised edge of the ring as at e. It will also be observed that the tubular
portion of the cam-carrying ring is turned up plain, and is entirely free from
working parts.
The size is such as enables it to hold the bottom ends of the slides in position in
their grooves.
The grooves are as deep in their different parts as the corresponding parts of the
slide which work in them, the outer diameter of the needle cylinder or bed being
various. The slide is made wider at the butt f12 than at the bottom, to ensure the
free passage of the latter whenever the butt can go. At g12 is a notched thumb
screw (for adjusting the elevation of the web-holder bed), held against working out
of position by the spring h¹.
To prevent the too sudden descent of the slide (in case no loop is on the needle)
by its own weight after the working can f* has passed it, as shown in Figure 43,
it is bent laterally a little at the bottom.
The working cam slide has its inner part turned upward (instead of downward),
as shown at i, Figure 40. To the inner face of this turned up part is rivetted thic
cam itself, while to the outer face is rivetted the block which carries the
combined switch-cam and needle-gate 112, m
This block and the parts it sustains are placed so far above the wide arm st as to
permit the swinging of the latter beneath them.
The part m and the part k¹ are so interlocked by guide surfaces as to permit
the former to be moved from and toward the cylinder, but not up and down, while
parts m2 and 12 are locked in the opposite way, so that in order to move the
switch cam outward as a needle-gate, it is only necessary to draw the large-headed
pin na from the seat of its point in m¹², when m¹ and may be withdrawn as one
piece. In order to move the switch-cams up or down, the pin oz is drawn from its
seat, when may be moved up or down till the pin seats itself in the other pit.
In this way the working cam, the switch and gate are all combined in one piece,
and are all moved forward or backward in changing from round-about to straight
knitting, or vice versa, just the same as the working can alone was in the previous
construction. Flat springs hold these large-headed pins in position; p¹² is a stop
to prevent raising the switch too high.
To prevent shooting of the needle slides froin the rapid passage of the cam,
projections (Figures 43 to 45) are provided. The butt inpinges upon the lower
face of these projections, and the slide is stopped. The inclines above this face
ensure the passage of the point of the ring-cain u12 above the butt. The union of
the switch-cam or needle-gate and working-cam, though a simple, is an important
feature.
At 12, Figures 42 and 43, is a stout pin for stopping the head preparatory to
switching, by engagement with the double stop falready described. The ring
cam tits close enough to keep the upper ends of the needle slides in position
within the grooves.
The long slides 2012 carry at their tops the usual latched needles g*. The ring
cam u is attached by the feet ¹. In Figure 44 the switch cam is shown in the

page_text: process of moving the slide butts from below, upward on to the plane formed by
the top of the ring-cam into position for the needles to receive the ribbed top,
and Figure 45 represents the switch as moving from above the needle butts
downward into the knitting path preparatory to knitting upon the ribbed top.
The switch-cam is retained in this lower position during the process of knitting, the
butts passing clear above the lower cam as represented.
Having now described and particularly set forth the nature of the said Invention
and the manner of carrying the same into effect, I would have it understood that
what I claim is,-.
.
1st. The use of a cylindrical needle bed, a circular scries of independently acting
needles, and a cam adapted to actuate some of the needles during round and round
knitting, in combination with a jacquard, to determine the selection of other of the
needles for fashioning the web, and a second cam adapted to operate the needles
selected by the jacquard, while the machine is being reciprocated to form heels and
toes, substantially as herein described.
2nd. The use in combination of the needle bed, needles, cams, the cam carrying ring,
jacquard apparatus, with a pattern surface to indicate the rotations and reciprocations
of said ring, with mechanism to alternately rotate and reciprocate the said ring,
substantially as and to the effect described.
3rd. The use in a knitting machine needle of lifting levers pivotted on
independent carriages, combined with, devices to move the carriages, and a cam to
act upon the said levers when the same have been carried into its path, substantially
as described.
4th. The use in a knitting machine of a toothed gear in combination with a
toothed rack and a spur gear, each adapted to be alternately engaged with or
disengaged from the toothed gear, and with mechanism to effect the engagement
of the rack with the toothed gear while the spur gear is being disengaged there,
from, and of the spur gear with the toothed gear while the rack is being disengaged,
so as to ensure the positive operation of the toothed gear with either the rack or
spur gear, all substantially as described.
5th. The use in a circular knitting machine of a series of reciprocating needles
and a jacquard cam and a working cam, the said cams having their operative
centres arranged in-the same radial plane (the working cam being adapted to be
thrown out of operative position when the fashioning needles are to be operated,
and into operative position when the machine is moved to knit a tubular web)
combined with devices, substantially such as are herein described, for automatically
withdrawing and inserting the working cam at the proper time.
6th. The use in a knitting machine which is provided with a series of circularly
arranged needles and mechanism for both rotating and reciprocating the cam ring
which actuates them, and with mechanism to rotate the said cam ring at a high
speed and to reciprocate it at a slow speed, of a pattern chain to automatically
effect both the change of direction of motion of the machine and the change of
speed, substantially as herein described.
7th. The use of pivotted take up jaws combined with a movable tongue and
means employed to operate it so as to effect the opening of the jaws and to permit
them to be closed, substantially as described.
8th. The use in a knitting machine of the means employed for automatically
uniting with the main thread while it is running into the machine, and before
it reaches the take up device, an additional or thickening thread, and for
discontinuing that thread at any desired point in the web, substantially as
described.
9th. The use in a knitting machine of the combination with the shaft ps and
its escapement wheel, and the escapement slide and fingers, of the rack bar and
projections to operate the escapement slide, substantially as described.
10th. The use of the longitudinally reciprocating web holders constructed and
operated by adjustable cams with relation to the needles, substantially as
herein described.
.

page_text: 11th. The combination with the cam ring of a movable stop used to arrest the
motion of the ring at a place where the point of the switch cam carried by it
is between the planes of the two butts of 'adjacent needles, substantially as
described.
12th. The use of a circular non-rotatory transferring device consisting of a circular
head provided with a series of quills, upon which the loops of the knitted tubular
or other top, are placed when used with a guide head such as, substantially as
described.
.: 1.
**
13th. The use of a needle gate provided, with inclines to act as a switch, so
constructed and connected that it may be moved up or down to switch the needles
up or down by the action of its inclines, and so that it may also be moved
outwardly from the needle bed to permit the withdrawal of needles, substantially
as described.
14th. The use of a needle switch and a knitting cam, constructed and.combined
substantially as described.
15th. The use of a knitting cam having its drawing down inclines separated by
a space at their top, and provided with slide-stopping surfaces. 12 projecting into
said space horizontally or angularly, substantially as described.
16th. The use in a knitting machine of an intermediate bevel gear provided
with ratchet teeth, in combination with a pawl to act on said ratchet, and with a
gear on the one side to be driven by said intermediate, and with a gear on the
other side to be moved at one time as an idle wheel by the intermediate, and at
another to be held and to act as a fixed toothed rack, compelling the axial rotation
of the said intermediate during the revolutions of the said intermediate around the
shaft, substantially as described.
17th. The combination with the elements of the preceding clause of a sleeve, a
surrounding band surface, a sleeve, and clutch or coupling teeth, the whole acting
alternately as a driving and as a loose pulley, substantially as described.
•
In witness whereof, I, the said William Morgan-Brown, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty-one.