IMPROVEMENTS IN ENGINES AND APPA- RATUS AND MEANS OF OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER FROM LIQUIDS, VAPOURS, GASES, OR AIR, PARTS OF WHICH INVENTION MAY BE APPLIED ALSO TO ORDINARY STEAM OR OTHER ENGINES
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Waller, of Leeds, in the County of York,
Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN ENGINES AND APPA-
RATUS AND MEANS OF OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER FROM LIQUIDS, VAPOURS,
GASES, OR AIR, PARTS OF WHICH INVENTION MAY BE APPLIED ALSO TO
ORDINARY STEAM OR OTHER ENGINES."
Sealed the 31st October 1854, and dated the 6th May 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Waller at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
May 1854.
I, RICHARD WALLER, of Leeds, in the County of York, Gentleman, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ENGINES
AND APPARATUS AND MEANS OF OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER FECH LIQUIDS, VAPOUR S
GASES, OR AIR, PARTS OF WHICH INVENTION MAY BE APPLIED ALSO TO ORDINARY
STEAM OR OTHER ENGINES," to be as follows:-
The nature of my Invention consists in using fluids highly volatile, and I
prefer the use of carbonic acid gas obtained by any suitable method under
pressure in its fluid state; this I accomplish by means of an apparatus capable
of using it as a motive power. I have a vessel which I term a generator, in-
which the fluid carbonic acid gas is contained, to which I apply heat to
increase the pressure of the gas; the aeriform gas passes from the generator
into a reservoir, in which vessel it remains until it is let out into the working.

page_text: engine by a suitable tap or valve; it then passes from the exhaust side of the
piston or plunger into a vessel I call the expander, and from thence into a
vessel I call the condenser, in which vessel it falls into its fluid state by being
brought in contact with a lower temperature; by means of pumps or other
suitable apparatus the gas is conveyed back again to the generator to be used
over and over again. I wish it to be understood, that although I prefer
carbonic acid gas, I claim in my Invention the use of any volatile liquid, or of
vapour, gas, or air, seperately or in combination. I condense the aeriform gas,
by using the fluid gas which has already been put into the condenser for that
purpose; or I propose to condense by the residue produced in forming the gas
or by water, which I accomplish by means of pumps placed in any suitable
position, and which convey and force the residue or water through a jet, which
jet in the condenser comes in contact with the exhaust hot gas and condenses
it, and it falls again into its fluid state, and its specific gravity, being lighter
than the residue, allows the residue to fall again to the use of the pumps, which
work the residue over and over again. I also refrigerate the residue by water
or any suitable means; or I can also condense the exhaust gas by passing it
into the residue or water-contained in the generator, or a vessel adapted to the
purpose. I also pass steam into the generator to mix it thoroughly with the
aeriform carbonic acid gas. To purify the gas and excite pressure by obtaining
a greater amount of heat, I propose to keep the generators, the reservoirs, the
working cylinders of the engines, the expanders, and all apparatus at the same
temperature previous to the fluids or gas entering into the condenser, by means
of jackets or outer shells, which will contain water, steam, or heat. Having
given the above particulars of my Invention, I wish it to be known I do not
confine myself to the shape, form, or arrangement of the vessels, which simply
require to be so formed as to resist great pressure. My form of construction
of the engines differs simply from ordinary engines, in using the plunger and
the through-piston rod with water or other fluid introduced into the cylinder, to
prevent the escape of the gas, and reduce the temperature of the working
parts. I propose also to pack the stuffing boxes by suitable packing, to resist
extreme pressure. I claim the use of my Invention with one or more cylinders
for the use of plungers, and with or without through-piston rods. The simplicity
of my Invention will be readily understood by reference to the accompanying
Sheet of Drawings, in which Figure A represents the generator; B, the
reservoir; C, steam or heat; D, engines; F, a through-piston rod; G, G, fluid_
in the cylinders; H, an expander; I, a condenser; J, the jet in the condenser ;
K, condensing or residue pumps; L, a vessel, from which is pumped the
condensed fluid to the generator; M, the feed pump to convey the fluid to the

page_text: generator; N, refrigerating water tank; O, the residue under the pumps;
P, the residue refrigerator; Q, the heating jacket; R, pipe conveying the
heat back to the heater; S, the heating pipe; T, the cooling shell or jacket
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
.
'
by the, said Richard Waller in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
6th November 1854.
...
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RICHARD
WALLER, of Leeds, in the County of York, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixth day of May; in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the seventeenth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Richard Waller, Her special licence that I, the said Richard
Waller, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Richard Waller, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Treland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN ENGINES AND APPARATUS AND MEANS OF OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER FROM
LIQUIDS, VAPOURS, GASES, OR AIR, PARTS OF WHICH INVENTION MAY BE APPLIED
ALSO TO. ORDINARY STEAM OR OTHER ENGINES," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Richard Waller, by an instrument in writing
under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said. Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
r
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the 'said Richard Waller, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
My Invention consists of using condensible and permanent gases, such as
carbonic acid gas, chloroform, ether, or atmospheric air, in a highly volatile
and elastic state, for the purpose of obtaining motive power by means of 'an
apparatus, of peculiar construction and arrangement, as herein-after more.

page_text: particularly described, although I prefer to use carbonic acid gas alone, as the
cheapest and most highly condensible gas; it may be mixed with chloroform
or ether, in the proportions of about two-thirds of carbonic acid gas to one-
third of ether or chloroform.
I
For the elucidation of this Invention, and the purposes thereof, I will
in this my Specification first describe the arrangements I employ for the
use of acid gas, or other similar highly elastic and condensible gas.
The carbonic acid gas may be made or obtained by any of the methods
well known for that purpose. I take the gas in a fluid state to my im-
proved motive power apparatus, which consists of one or more vessels with
outward casings or jackets, capable of resisting a great amount of pressure,
and made of any suitable metal or material capable of resisting corrosion from
the acids. This vessel or these vessels are used so as to become the means of
induction and eduction to the working cylinders, as herein-after described.
When several vessels are used, the first receives the liquid gas, and may be
called the reservoir or receiver; from which it passes to one or more generators,
to which I apply heat, for the purpose of expansion, either by means of hot water,
steam, the residuum of the gas, electricity, or mercury, heated to any required
temperature, and injected to the interior of the generator or generators, to com-
municate heat to the gas contained therein. From the generator or generators
pass the gas thus evolved or generated to a working cylinder or cylinders, to
give motion to a piston or other similar contrivance, which motion may be
conveyed to a fly wheel, a crank, crank shaft, connecting rod, or any other
means for giving the necessary motion to shafting or any prime mover for
conveying motion to the machinery or apparatus intended to be worked.
From the exhaust side of the cylinder or cylinders I convey the gas or vapours
by means of a pipe or conductor to another vessel, which I call the expander,
and to which I also apply heat, for the purpose of keeping the gas at the
necessary temperature before it becomes condensed. From this expander I
pass the gas to another vessel or condenser, into which it falls in a fluid state,
by being brought-into contact with a lower temperature, by means of pumps, to
force the condensing medium through jets or other suitable means. From this
condenser I pass the gas into two or more condensers, each being of a lower
temperature than the other, until the gas enters a rectifier, composed of one or
more vessels, for the purpose of allowing the condensing medium to thoroughly
disengage itself from the fluid gas, which incdium or mediums are all heavier
than the gas itself, thereby leaving a distinct stratum of the gas, at which place
I attach the feed valve, as herciú-after explained. From the said rectifier the
liquid gas is conveyed back again to the receiver or generator by means of

page_text: a double pistou, plug, or stopper, or carrying pump, as herein-after described,
and thence to the generator or generators, to be expanded by the heat and
used again, as already described; which process may be continuously carried
on, using the same means, expansion and condensation, ad infinitum. For the
purpose of condensation I use either fluid gas, the residium produced from
forming the gas, water, or water mixed with the residium, mercury, or any
other suitable matter, which I. force into the condenser by means of a force
pump, so that the condensing matter will be forced continuously through a jet,
which, coming in contact with the exhaust gas or aeriform, causes it to fall
again into its fluid state, when its specific gravity, being lighter, allows the
residium or condensing medium to fall, for the pumps to work it over and over
again; or I pass hot water or other heated medium through a multitubular
vessel, which I call a conductor, causing it to pass through the said conductor,
viz, up one side from the pumps, and down the other to the pumps, and thus
the gas or aeriform becomes condensed; and I refrigerate the said condensing
medium by water or other suitable means; or the exhaust gas may be condensed,
by passing it into the condensing matter, which is always below the stratum of
the liquid gas. I keep all the vessels and working cylinders at the same
temperature, excepting the condensers, by means of the outward casings or
jackets and regulating taps, as already alluded to; and I work the plungers or
pistons with water or other fluid introduced into the cylinders, to prevent the
escape of the gas; and I pack the stuffing boxes and all the joints with
vulcanized india-rubber, covered with leather or other flexible material, as
herein-after described. I also use metallic packing, in order to resist the
extreme pressure to which the gas is subjected; and I also make the various
taps and reversing apparatus, for reversing the flow of the fluids, of a peculiar
form and construction, as will be herein-after described. In order to obtain the
necessary means of conveying heat to any one or all of the vessels and appa-
ratus, for the purpose of expanding the gas and keeping them at the required
temperature, I place a boiler of peculiar construction, with vertical inverted
cones, tubes, or other contrivances, and connect the same by pipes to the
pumps, through which I force hot water from the said boiler into the gene-
rator or any of the other vessels, if necessary, to expand the gas; and in order
to keep the vessels at a regular given temperature, I have taps. and reversing
apparatus, by which I can raise or lower the temperature of any individual
vessel, or of all the vessels at the same time, and thus maintain a constant and
regular temperature throughout the whole apparatus. When I apply this my
Invention to locomotive engines I use two refrigerators, for the purpose of
condensing the gas more rapidly, as such will evidently be necessary where

page_text: rapidity of refrigeration is required, which refrigeration is accelerated by the
action of the air or atmosphere..
Another arrangement for obtaining motive power consists of two discs with
projecting flanges, similar in shape, to a common dinner plate, with a flexible
piston or diaphragm inside, the full size of the discs; these discs and the
said flexible piston or diaphragm are all connected. The flexible piston or
diaphragm serves for the packing. The flanges are fixed by screw bolts or
other suitable means to keep the interior air-tight. I work, the piston-rod-
of the said new arrangement by means of levers or connecting rods attached
to my patent rolling valve (which is fully described in the Specification of
Letters Patent granted to me on or about the Second day of May, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four), through
which the gas or other body passes, and by giving motion to the valve;
as it opens and closes the ports, communicates a sliding motion to the piston
rod, as already stated. All these my said improvements will be clearly
understood by reference to the accompanying three Sheets of Drawings.
In Fig. 1, a represents the generator, in which the gas is headed and
expanded; b, the reservoir, to receive the condensing liquid discharged by the
returner e; c, the cylinders; d, the expander, to increase the volume of the gas
before it is condensed; e, the flued returner or pump, to which is attached a
glass, guage; f, the condenser, in which the gas returns, into liquid; g, the
conductors; which conduct heat of high or low temperature to the gas; h, the
refrigerator; i, the pump, which forces the condensing medium over and over
again through the conductor g, for the purpose of lowering the temperature of
the gas, and causing it to return into its liquid state; ), the cistern or cold
water tank, for the purpose of refrigerating the condensing medium, which is
worked through the pipe or pipes by the pumps k'; k, the refrigerating
pump and pipes; 1, the refrigerator, for the purpose of refrigerating the water,
which is forced and used over and over again by the pump k; the said refrigerator
may be placed on a locomotive, or other engine, to allow the air to rush by.
all the pipes. These pipes- are-lapped with some suitable textile material,
to allow the water to fall in the required. quantity from the perforated -sieve
into the tank o, which water--will-be-lifted-back-again by the pump p and
worked over and over again, by which means I refrigerate the water more
rapidly. m, the textile covering of the refrigerator; n, the water sieve through
which the water falls on the pipes so enclosed with textile or other suitable
material, already alluded to; o, the sieve tank, into which the water falls from
the water sieve n; p, the pump, which lifts the water from the sieve o to the
water sieve n; q, q, the spaces through which the air will rush by the velocity

page_text: of the engine; or a fan may be employed to increase the power of refrigera-
tion when necessary. r, r, the trunk which contains the refrigerator l; arranged
with two covers, to form a distinct current to pass through other pipes-of the
refrigerator, the outer cover preventing the heat of: the summer destroying
the refrigerating effects by allowing a current of air through it; the two
covers are also arranged so as to keep the heat of the sun off the engine-
driver in hot climates. -s, the space forming the air passage between the two
covers of the trunk rr; t, the boiler; u; the pump, which forces the heated;
medium through the conductor 9 placed in the generator a, to expand the
gas or air, and which pump returns the same to the boiler; v, v, the pressure
guage and index connected with the generator or high pressure side of the
piston; w, w, the pressure guage and index connected with the condenser or.
low pressure side of the piston; x, x, the thermometer to shew the tempera-
ture; y, y, the pressure pipe,,which carries the pressure of the gas from the;
generator a to: the boiler t, to prevent ebullition or the raising of steam, so
as to procure any given temperature by the water alone or other liquid which,
is heated in the said boiler t; z,, the liquid which is used between the
pistons or plungers of the working cylinder, to prevent the escape of gas or
air through the packing of the piston rods, or plungers, and also to regulate,
when required, the temperature of the cylinder, piston, or plunger, so that in
the event of loss of the liquid,.it may be easily supplied. I'fix guages to.
shew when an additional supply of the 'said-liquid is 'necessary. **, the
eduction pipes. a', the induction pipes; a², a glass guage, attached at the top
of the generator a, and also 'at the bottom by means of the pipe-a³, to the
reservoir b. In this arrangement, or any modification of it, the liquid carbonic
acid gas, if it be used, is not intended to come in contact with the conductor g;
f2, the glass guage of the condenser f; a³, the pipe connecting the guage a
and reservoir b; a*; the thermometer pipes; a', the jacket; for the purpose of
varying the temperature of the vessels and working cylinders, as may be
required, and otherwise to prevent loss of heat. Fig. 2 shews an arrangement,
which may be multiplied and applied at different temperatures, and in which
a represents the condenser, in which is placed the jet pipe a². The arrow at
shews the direction of the gas to be condensed by mercury or other fluid:
a', the level and height of the mercury. The arrow in the pipe a¹ shews
the direction of the mercury; which is drawn by the force pumps. 2 to pass
through the refrigerator h, and to be worked over and over again, as has been
already described, of the: medium which is worked in the same way and for
the same purpose, in connection with the conductors .g.. b, the rectifier, which
serves to collect the liquid already condensed from a state of aeriform: The

page_text: line at 6x is the liquid, and the arrow at 6 shews the direction of the fluid to
the fluid returner or pump i, which has been already described. Fig. 3 is
another modification of my apparatus, in which the conductor is represented
so as to heat or condense without coming in contact with the liquid, the
liquid line mark being at b. represents the glass guage; b', the induction
pipe of the conductor g; b², the eduction pipe. Fig. 5 represents an engine
which may be used to convey motive power by means of a piston in the
nature of a flexible disc. In this Figure, a represents the cylinder, into which
liquid or air can be admitted in the usual way, as will be understood by the
Drawings. By means of the slide valve m in the chest p and the induction
pipe o, the liquid or air passes into the cylinder and moves the flexible disc or
diaphram d, which diaphram or disc is fixed by the flanges of cylinder ⚫ at d*,
and divides the cylinder into two concave spaces. The pressure acting upon
the diaphram forces it from one side of the concave to the other, thereby
giving motion to the crank shaft j, by being connected with the rod k, and the
rod to the diaphram or disc rod g, which rod is fixed to the diaphram or disc
boss f. 1, the valve rod connected to the eccentric rod j; s, the exhaust;
q, the air chamber; a², the pipe to be attached to a pressure guage; e, e, the
stay plates of the diaphram or disc; y, the brackets which support the engine;
i, the fly wheel fixed on the crank shaft j. Fig. 6 is an elevation of the said
engine; x, the case which encloses the said engine. Fig. 7 represents a
plunger engine, in which a, a, are the plungers, each of which is fitted with a
cross head and two rods; one of the said rods is fixed to each side of the cross
head, to which will be attached by the connecting rods the crank shaft, to
give the necessary motion. is a packing, made of metal, leather, vulcanized
india-rubber, gutta percha, or other suitable metal or material made hollow, as
shewn by the letter b, in the gland box d. The hollow ring has a hole at h,
for the purpose of admitting the pressure of the gas or aeriform, which is
sufficient to press the sides of the ring against the piston rod or plunger, or
any body in motion requiring packing for high pressure apparatus. e, a ring
of vulcanized india-rubber, lined with leather to prevent escape of the liquid.
or air; g, g, studs, which project on the outside of the ring, and fit into the
slot c, as will be seen in the gland box, for the purpose of guiding-it, so that
the hole which admits the air or liquid will be brought directly opposite the
air or liquid passage or pipe, which may be employed according to circum-
stances. Fig. 8 shews another mode of packing, in which a represents the
pipe, upon which is the flange b. The star shews a plan in which I place
vulcanized india-rubber covered with leather or other suitable material. b, the
flange; d, the gland or stuffing box, formed to receive a pipe or any suitable

page_text: contrivance, to be understood as a joint of a conic form, and at e and b. The
cone on the pipe which fits the conic gland has a hollow or indent left in the
casting, or may be turned out by the workman to receive a lapping of band,
flax, wire, lead, or any other suitable metal or material either flexible or
compressible. represents the cone; c, the indent or plane hollowed out for
packing, as already described; *, the vulcanised india-rubber. Fig. 9 shews
another mode of packing. a represents the piston or moving rod; b, a lead
collar; c, a lead ring; e, e, brass rings a little cupped where the piston passes
through, as will be seen by the Drawing. This cupping is to receive the ends
of the lead collar which is round the moving parts. d, vulcanised india-rubber
packing, covered with the leather h, or any suitable material. When the gland g
is screwed down, and the vulcanized india-rubber pressed against the working
parts, and the lead will elongate, for which the cups in the ring e are made.
Fig. 10 shews another kind of packing, in which a represents the piston rod
or moving part; f, the gland; e, the gland box; b, the packing, similar in
form to that used in the hydraulic press. The projecting parts of the flange
are placed inward to face each other, so that when' the ring ċ is put between
them, leaving a small space, so that when the gland f is screwed down, the
ring & will keep the two packings b at their proper distance. The ring is
perforated with a small groove at d, d, round the ring, so that the liquid, being
let in by the pipe g, will have the tendency of keeping the packing tight.
c, the perforated and grooved ring; g, a pipe. Fig. 11 shews another node
of packing, either for stationary or moving parts of machinery, in which a
represents the vulcanized india-rubber; b, the leather, hemp, or any suitable
material to lap or cover it. Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, of No. 2 and 3 Sheet
of Drawings, shew the arrangement of an engine according to my Invention,
when a permanent gas-like air is employed. a', a², represents the vessels,
which may be used alternately as generator and condenser; d', d, are vessels,
which may be called expanders, and which may be heated and cooled by water
or other means alternately in the jackets at. The gas or aeriform passes
from one of the vessels a through the pipe p¹ to the reverser o, shewn by
dotted lines in Figs. 1, 2, 4, and 6, and from the reverser through the pipe n¹,
to the expander d' and by the induction pipe n to the engines. The gas or
aeriform, after passing through the working cylinder and returning by the
exhaust pipe. to the expander d, thence by the pipe to the reverser o,
and thence by the pipe p to one of the alternate generators at a², and
become condensed or lowered in temperature, thereby assuming the liquid
from. When a certain number of strokes have been performed by the piston
in the cylinders, the gas or acriform is then reversed by means of the

page_text: peculiarly formed plunger or rod a, c, e, b, d, which are moved so that the star
marked on the rod will be pushed, so as to connect the star port *The gas
or aeriform will be then reversed, and by moving the rod of five pistons a, c,
e. b,d, back again; it will, again be reversed, which action may be repeated
from time, to time; but it must be understood that the. gas is not reversed in
the pipes, nor in the expanders 'dy and d, as their use is only for holding
a-number-of-charges of aeriform during, the reversing of the gas, or aeriform
or air, for the working cylinder. 3 is an index, valve, for the purpose of
maintaining a uniform- pressure on the piston; this valve is set at the figure
indicating the required pressure, and regulated by governing balls or springs,
and is made to close the port as the pressure encreases and governs the supply
to the cylinder. The boiler, sliewn in Fig., 1, is applicable to other purposes
where steam is required and fuel is to be economised. This boiler consists
of a number of cones or, conic forms, the vertex part or apex of one cone
being fixed to the base of another, placed one within another, and which may
be increased to any required number. t represents the pipes which act.as
flues, one end of them being fixed in the chimney flue t and the other end
in the fire box at t they surround the outer cone. is a glass guage for the
boiler; a, the water jackets. The pumps are represented in Figs. 1, 2, and 1.
w, the pump, which forces the hot water from the boiler into the cylinder
jacket; from thence into the jacket of the reverser o, and thence into the
jackets of the expanders d¹ and d, through the pipes w¹, and then back into
the boiler, which process is always going on over and over.again during the
working of the engine. The water is drawn from the boiler to the pump w
into the pipes w¹, as seen in Fig. 4, and is then forced through the pipe wa
through the vessel, as above described. The pipe wis joined with the
pipe w3, and the water is forced in the direction of the arrow on the pipe
$ through the reversing tap n into the conductor 9, as seen in section
in Fig. 3, through the pipe n³; the water is then discharged through the
pipe g into the boiler and worked over and over again. The taps_n", n, n,
and no, are to open and shut off the water pipes connected to the boiler and
tank of cold, water, and to direct the hot water, into the boiler when
reversed in the reversing tap n. The motion-o is seen-in-Figs 1-and 4,-and-
which motion is worked by the stopper or plug of the reversing tap n', by the
plug being made to go through the tap or without going through, and a lever
being attached, which lever is connected to the motion at o² and o³. When
the handle of of the reversing tap n is moved to reverse the hot water, which
is then being forced through w³ through the reversing tap n', and through
the pipe into the conductor.ġ, to expand the aeriform, or gas or air, and to

page_text: change the hot water and force the cold into the conductor, the taps n³, nº,
n', and no, still direct the hot water back to the boiler and also the cold to
the tank j. Fig. 7 shews an arrangement to use a double piston instead of
the slide valve, when such double piston requires to be packed, in which b
represents the induction port; but before the liquid, air, steam, or gas can
enter the cylinder a, in which the piston p works, the aeriform or liquid must
pass through the bars or perforations o, as marked in this Figure; when the
port b, and the oblique barred ports c, can be seen in the sectional Figure, the
perforated ports d, and straight barred ports e, the port b surrounds the per-
forated bars or inlets into the cylinder a. k represents the double piston
valve, the form of which is oblong; but other forms may be used when space
is limited, which could not give the required area for the circular piston
valve; two rods; m, m, a through-piston rod; g, the place of the through-
piston rod; i, the metal; p, the packing in the circular piston.
Having thus fully described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I desire it to be distinctly understood
that I do not claim as of my Invention, or the exclusive use of any of the
several parts of the machinery or apparatus herein described for obtaining
motive power; but what I claim is the obtaining motive power from highly
elastic and condensible or permanent gases, by means of apparatus constructed
and arranged as above described, or any modification thereof; also, I claim
the apparatus and arrangements of the boiler and reversing apparatus, and
the returner and flexible piston, as applicable to other purposes.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Waller, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this the Sixth day of November, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-four.
RICHARD WALLER. (L.S.)
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the within-
named Richard Waller, in the presence of
W* H* YOUNG.