Iм- PROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHS
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Allan, Civil Engineer, and James Wallace Brown,
Electrician, both of 18, Leadenhall Street, London, for the Invention of "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHS."
led the 30th September 1876, and dated the 26th April 1870
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Allan and James
Wallace Brown at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th
April 1876.
GEORGE ALLAN, Civil Engineer, and JAMES WALLACE BROWN, Electrician, both
of 18, Leadenhall Street, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHS."
In recording or causing to be recorded signals by means of receiving instruments
that make or break a local circuit great difficulty is experienced in operating such
receiving instruments when the actuating current is transmitted through a difficult
or submarine circuit on account of the armature or its equivalent of the receiving
instrument not responding correctly to a slight rise and fall of potential in the
actuating current. This difficulty is to a great extent overcome in the receiving
instruments described in British Patent, No. 525, of the year 1875, granted to
George Allan and James Wallace Brown. There is, however, in the instruments
described in the Specification to the said Patent or in some of such instruments at
times objectionable frictional resistance.
Now the object of our Invention is to provide receiving instruments which shall
make and break local circuit upon very slight rise and fall of potential in the
actuating current. For this purpose we employ receiving instruments possessing
and having the following novel constructions, arrangements, and combinations of
parts.
First. We employ as the armature of a relay an electro-magnet suspended hori-
zontally on its centre around which the line current passes. The said electro-
magnet works in combination with permanent magnets or with electro-magnets
connected to a local battery. Two horse-shoe magnets are employed by preference
having the poles of the same name on the same side of the suspended electro-
magnet.
The suspended electro-magnet is arranged to take up a neutral position between
the poles of the permanent magnets so long as a current is not passing. As soon,
however, as a current passes through the coil of the said suspended electro-magret
[Price Gd.1

page_text: the core will be polarized and the said magnet caused to move, any variation in
the strength of the current will cause a variation in the motion of the electro-
magnet. The said suspended electro-magnet may be employed to work directly a
contact making and breaking arm, or the said arm may be operated by induced
magnetism from the said electro-magnet. We may also employ the said electro-
magnet in combination with what we call a jockey armature as specified in British
Patent, No. 525, of the year 1875, granted to us or as hereafter specified. Com-
pensating and adjusting springs may also be used in combination with the said
electro-magnet.
When using the above apparatus signals may be recorded on chemical paper
by employing the said chemical paper in place of the stops for the contact maker
and breaker; or the said arm may carry an inking disc or
other marking
appliance.
Second. We employ in a relay an armature playing between the poles of the electro
or permanent magnets polarized in a novel manner by means of the line current.
In carrying the above into operation the line current is caused to traverse a coil,
and the armature is carried on a spindle passing through the said coil, free to rock
on its longitudinal axes when the interior of the said coil is formed of a cylinder
of soft iron built up in segments with spaces between. In accordance with the
passage of the current through the coil so will the armature be polarized and
caused to move between the poles of the permanent or electro-magnets.
The
combination of auxiliary armatures, springs, and other, the, necessary parts. of a
relay with this apparatus may be the same, as described under the first head.
The armatures described under the above first and
second heads' may, if desired,
be suspended by torsion threads, or they may be carried on springs without having
a fixed centre.
Third. This part of our Invention relates to various improvements in the con-
struction of jockey or duplex armatures for relays, land consists
F
(A). In providing a jockey arinature on the main armature so that the outer end
of the said jockey armature is caused to traverse a friction surface, or is restrained
by other desired means, springs being preferred, the inner end operating to make
and break contact with stops either placed on the main armature or fixed.
(B). A jockey armature operating as above described is made in two pieces con-
nected at the working centre and operating together by friction.
(C). A jockey armature as described under the above first and second heads has
its outer end connected to a second main armature.
(D). In this arrangement there are two main armatures and two jockey arma-
tures; the jockey armatures project beyond the ends of the main armatures and
make and break contact with each other.
(E). An arrangement similar to D, except that one of the jockey armatures
works on a fixed pin instead of being carried by an armature."
(F). This improvement consists in pivotting the jockey armature and the main
armature on the same centre.
(G). This improvement consists in carrying the main and jockey armature on
a bar suspended by a torsion thread or wire; the two armatures move together by
the friction between them at their point of support; the friction may be adjusted
by springs.
In combination with the above armatures we employ adjusting and compensating
springs of any desired kind, whether spiral, flat, or hair.
The above described armatures, and especially the one described under G, may
be employed in combination with the apparatus set forth under heads one and two;
or they may be employed in combination with a' coil free to move acting as an
'armature.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said George Allan and James Wallace Brown in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 26th October 1876.
GEORGE ALLAN, Civil Engineer, and JAMES WALLACE, BROWN, Electrician, both
of 18, Leadenhall Street, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHS."
In recording or causing to be recorded signals by means of receiving instruments
that make or break a local circuit great difficulty is experienced in operating such
receiving instruments when the actuating current is transmitted through a difficult
or submarine circuit on account of the armature or its equivalent of the receiving
instrument not responding correctly to a slight rise and fall of potential in the
actuating current. This difficulty is to a great extent overcome in the receiving instru-
ments described in the British Patent, No. 525, of the year 1875, granted to George
Allan and James Wallace Brown. There is, however, in the instruments described
in the Specification to the said Patent or in some of such instruments at times
objectionable frictional resistance.
Now the object of our Invention is to provide receiving instruments which shall
make and break local circuit upon very slight rise and fall of potential in the
actuating current. For this purpose we employ receiving instruments possessing
and having the following novel constructions, arrangements, and combinations of
parts.
'
First. We employ as the armature of a relay an electro-magnet suspended hori-
zontally on its centre and around which the line current passes: The said.electro-
magnet works in combination with permanent magnets or with electro-magnets
connected to a local battery. Two horse-shoe magnets are employed by preference
having the poles of the same name on the same side of the suspended electro-
magnet.
The suspended electro-magnet is arranged to take up a neutral position between
the poles of the permanent magnets so long as a current is not passing. As soon,
however, as a current passes through the coil of the said suspended electro-magnet
the core will be polarized and the said magnet caused to move, any variation in the
strength of the current will cause a variation in the motion of the electro-magnet.
The said suspended electro-magnet may be employed to work directly a contact
making and breaking arm, or the said arm may be operated by induced magnetism
from the said electro-magnet. We may also employ the said electro magnet in
combination with what we call a jockey armature as specified in the British Patent,
No. 525, of the year.1875, granted to us, or as hereafter specified. Compensating
and adjusting springs may also be used in combination with the said electro
magnet.
When using the above apparatus signals may be recorded on chemical paper by
employing the said chemical paper in place of the stops for the contact maker and
breaker; or the said arm may carry inking disc or other marking appliance.
Second. We employ in a relay an armature playing between the poles of electro
or permanent magnets polarized in a novel manner by means of the line current.
In carrying the above into operation the line current is caused to traverse a coil,
and the armature is carried on a spindle passing through the said coil free to rock
on its longitudinal axes when the interior of the said coil is formed of a cylinder of
soft iron built up in segments with spaces between. In accordance with the passage
of the current through the coil so will the armature be polarized and caused to move
between the poles of the permanent or electro-inagnets.
The combination of
auxiliary armatures, springs, and other the necessary parts of a relay with this
The armatures
apparatus may be the same as described under the first head.
described under the above first and second heads may if desired be suspended by
torsion threads or they may be carried on springs without having a fixed centre.
Third. This part of our Invention relates to various improvements in the con-
struction of jockey or duplex armatures for relays, and consists -

page_text: (A). In providing a jockey armature on the main armature so that the outer end
of the said jockey armature is caused to traverse a friction surface, or is restrained
by other desired means, springs being preferred; the inner end operating to make
and break contact with stops either placed on the main armature or fixed.
(B). A jockey armature operating as above described is, made in two pieces con-
nected at the working centre and operating together by friction.
(C). A jockey armature as described under the above first and second heads has
its outer end connected to a second main armature.
(D). In this arrangement there are two main armatures and two jockey armatures;
the jockey armatures project beyond the ends of the main armatures and make and
break contact with each other.
(E). An arrangement similar to D, except that one of the jockey armatures works
on a fixed pin instead of being carried by an armature.
(F). This improvement consists in pivotting the jockey armature and the main
armature on the same centre.
(G). This improvement consists in carrying the main and jockey armature on a
bar suspended by a torsion thread or wire; the two armatures move together by
the friction between them at their point of support; the friction may be adjusted
by springs.
In combination with the above armatures we employ adjusting and compensating
springs of any desired kind, whether spiral, flat, or hair.
The above described armatures, and especially the one described under G, may
be employed in combination with the apparatus set forth under heads one and two;
or they may be employed in combination with a coil free to move acting as an
armature.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 illustrates a modification of apparatus constructed under the first part of
our Invention. 1 is an electro-magnet suspended freely at its centre 2 from a
bracket not shown in the Drawings, 3 terminals of electro-magnet connected to the
line wire; 4 compensating springs attached to the core 5 of the electro-magnet; 6 per-
manent magnets between which the electro-magnet is suspended; the south poles S
and the north poles N are each on the same side of the electro-magnet; 7 contact
adjusting screws; 8 armature attached to the bar 9 pivotted at 10; 11 jockey
armature which works loose on the bar 9; 12 screw for adjusting the friction
between 11 and 9; 13 local circuits.
According as a current is sent through the electro-magnet 1 the core 5 becomes
polarized and is caused to vibrate by the action of the permanent magnets 6. The
vibration of 5 causes the armature 8 to vibrate through induced magnetism, and
the armature 8 carries with it the jockey armature 11 which makes contact with
the screws 7 and so accomplishes the local circuit.
15
Fig. 2 is an elevation, and Fig. 3 a plan view of a further modification of appa-
ratus illustrative of the first part of our Invention. Here electro-magnets witli the
pole pieces 14 are employed instead of the permanent inagnets above described;
electro-magnet suspended from the bracket 16; 17 contact, adjusting screws; 18
compensating springs; 19 jockey armature supported on the coil 15; 20 line and
earth connections from 15; 21 local circuits; N, north poles; S, south poles of
electro-magnets. The above apparatus operates in manner similar to that described
under Fig. 1.
Figs. 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12 illustrate the various modifications of apparatus
under the third head.
Fig. 4, 22 jockey armature pivotted at 23 on to the ordinary armature 24; 25,
contact screws; 26, compensating springs; 27, electro-magnets; 28, retarding
springs 29, local connections.
Fig. 5, 22, 22, jockey armature consisting of two pieces resting on each other
and pivotted at 23 on the ordinary armature; 24, 24h friction nut.

page_text: Fig. 6, 24, 24a, armatures of a compound relay; 22, jockey armature pivotted at
23 & 23a; 25, contact screws.
Fig. 7, 24, 24ª, armatures of a compound relay; 22, 22, jockey armatures
pivotted at 23, 23. One armature carries the contact points 25.
Fig. 8. This arrangement is similar to that described under Fig. 7, except that
the jockey armature 220 works on the fixed point 30, and is operated by the pin 31
on the armature 24ª working in the slot 32.
Fig. 9. Here the main armature 24 and the jockey armature 22 work on the
same centre.
Figs. 10, 11, and 12. In these three views, the main armature 24 is attached to a
torsion thread 33, on which works loosely the jockey armature 22, which is kept in
contact with 24 by the friction nut and spring 34.
In Fig. 11 the main armature forms a suspended coil.
In Fig. 12 a suspended coil operates the armature 24 through a tension
thread 35.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention in such manner that
others will be enabled to carry our improvements into effect we claim―
Under the first part (a) employing as means for giving signals an electro-magnet,
through which the line wire passes suspended between the poles of permanent
or electro-magnets, substantially as illustrated and described for the purposes set
forth.
(b), the combination of the improvements described under Figs. 1, 2, and 3, with
a jockey armature for the purposes set forth.
Under the second part, the improvements substantially as set forth.
Under the third part, the improvements in jockey armatures, substantially as set
forth and illustrated.
In witness whereof, wc, the said George Allan and James Wallace Brown,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, the Twenty-fourth day of October,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.