AN IMPROVED HYGIENIC AND MECANICAL HAT
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Paul Charles Nicolas de Ferrari
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 15th March 1870.
I, PAUL CHARLES NICOLAS DE FERRARI, of No. 6, Rue Doria, Alger,
and of No. 37, Boulevard Bonne Nouvelle, Paris, in the Empire of
France, Architect, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED HYGIENIC AND MECANICAL HAT," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in a mechanical means of ventilating hats of
every kind more or less at pleasure, and of protecting the brain of the
wearer from solar heat, and will be best understood by reference to the
accompanying Sheet of Drawing, on which Figure 1 represents a front
view of one of my improved hats with mechanism closed, for ordinary
town wear. This hat only differs in appearance from the ordinary hat
by the upward curve of the brims. Figure 2 is a front view of same hat
brought by its mechanism into shape for wear in the sun, or country
wear. This shape, although modifying the primitive form of Figure 1,
does not render the hat unsightly. In practice the lower curvatures
may probably be lessened.

page_text: Figure 3 is an inner section of hat closed, as for town wear, shewing
the relative position of the parts, which, although near, are not close
together, and still keep the brain isolated from the part heated by the
solar rays. a, a', lateral apparatuses closed; b, inside of hat, forming an
air chamber in communication with the space between the two brims,
and thus profiting by the air entering by the four lower ventilating
orifices; c, space formed by the inner cap or lining, ventilated at d from
the air chamber b; e, upper ventilating orifice; f, f¹, points at which in
close fitting ordinary hats the solar heat is transmitted to the brain in
all its intensity; i, i, sectional outline of inner cap or lining.
Figure 4 is an inside section of hat open for wear in the sun. This
Figure shows the importance of the separation between the brain and
the part heated by the sun. a, a', lateral apparatuses, open; b, air
chamber; c, space formed by the inner cap or lining; d, inner ventilating
orifice; e, top ventilating orifice; f, f¹, focus of heat kept away from
the brain; i, i, sectional outline of the inner cap or lining.
Figure 5, plan of the hat taken between the two brims, and showing
the arrangement of the four apparatuses fitted to the lower brim.
A, B, C, D, regulators, two of which, A, B, are moved at the points,
a and b, and the two others, C, D, with an casier propelling spring
being set in motion by the corresponding rods c, c', d, d'; e, f, g, h, draw
bars or levers of the metal rods c, c', d, d¹; i, j, k, l, fulcrums of draw
bars attached to two rods connecting the four apparatuses; m, n, p, q,
ventilating orifices made in the thickness of the lower brim.
Figure 6, elevation of part m of Figure 8. a, a¹, connecting joint of draw
bars or levers of the rods which move the front and back apparatuses;
b, joint of the regulator; c, plate, against which slides the stud or knob d.
This plate should be slightly concave, in order to give to the stud d when
turned on its pivot the firmness necessary for securing the position of
the regulator when once fixed.
Figure 7, plan of part. m of Figure 8. a, a', connecting joint of draw
bars; b, connecting joint of regulator with its lower fulorum; c, point of
junction and pivot of working stud.
Figure 8, section, shewing in full size the arrangement of the apparatus
when open. a, graduated regulator determining the relative position of
the two brims of the hat; b, fixed upper fulcrum of regulator; c, lower
shifting fulcrum of regulator and centre of movement of apparatus;
d, stud or knob attached to lower fulcrum, and sliding at will in a long

page_text: slit or rabbet made in the flat piece i which unites the apparatus with
the lifting spring; e, propelling spring of the regulator with its two
small lateral safety lips; f, lifting spring of the upper part of hat;
f, position occupied by this spring when the upper part is lowered;
9, end of spring f, fixed at pleasure by the notches of the regulator;
h, assisting rod of upper stop notch holding the lifting spring by bearing
on its lateral lips; i, ¹, flat piece uniting the apparatus with the lifting
spring, and serving as fulcrum to this latter (this piece is of metal);
k, k, k, k, metal rods connecting the four apparatuses; 1, piece of
leather or textile fabric intended to strengthen the upper brim and the
upright body of the hat for the lowering and lifting movements; m, point
of junction of draw bars e, g, Figure 5.
Figure 9. The letters in this Figure indicate corresponding parts in
Figure 8.
It should be observed that the regulators C, D, Figure 5, are moved by
rods sliding in grooves or slots under the action of the draw rods c, c¹, d, d'.
The letters p, q, Figure 8, indicate approximatively the length of the
sliding groove of the stud d.