IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION 2 + PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Walton, of Staines, in the County of
Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION
2
+
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Walton at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 3rd March 1870.
I, FREDERICK WALTON, of Staines, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF HOUSES AND OTHER BUILDINGS OR STRUCTURES," to be
as follows: -
In the Specification of a former Patent granted to me on the 11th day
of December 1868 (No. 3772) was described the constructing the walls
of houses and other structures of horizontal plates or battens of wood or
other material, kept apart by blocks or distance pieces of wood, or other
material, and tied and held together by vertical tie bolts.

page_text: According to my present Invention, I in some cases employ two ties
one passing down close to one side of the wall, whilst the other passes
down close to the other side, or I place the ties alternately, first one tic
close up to the side, whilst the other tie is close up to the opposite side;
in place also of passing tie bars down through holes in the blocks or
distance pieces I in some cases place a distance piece or block on each
side of the tie bars. Where the horizontal plates or battens meet
together at the corner of a building I pass down through them two
vertical tic bolts, one near the inner and the other near the outer
angle.
In constructing walls-for-houses-and_other_structures where it is
required to render them fireproof in place of employing plates' or battens
passing entirely through the wall as above described, I employ in place
of each such horizontal plate two wooden bars enclosed on three sides
in a casing of iron, one bar being placed on one side of the wall, and
the other on the other. In this case I form the vertical blocks or
distance pieces preferably of cast iron, each distance piece being for
facility of erection partially notched out to receive the encased wooden
bars, by thus notching out the vertical block they form a gauge to retain
the horizontal iron troughs at an equal distance apart until the whole is
tied together by vertical tie bolts as above described. The face of the
wooden bar which is not encased is placed outwards so that laths may
be fixed to them.
In constructing the floors of houses and buildings I connect the
several joists one to the other by placing distance pieces between them
at intervals, and binding the whole together by through tie bolts.
In constructing roofs for buildings, in place of employing a longi-
tudinal ridge piece passing from end to end of the ridge of the roof,
I keep the ends of the several principal rafters at the desired distance
apart by distance pieces, and tie the whole together by a tie rod passed
through the ends of the principals and through the distance pieces, the
several principals may similarly be tied together by tie bolts and distance
pieces at the points where struts, or braces, or queen posts are applied
to them; the lower ends of the principals and the cross tie beams of a
roof I similarly connect one to another by distance pieces and a long
tie bolt passing from one end of the roof to the other.

page_text: When the walls of the house are made in the manner herein described,
or as described in the Specification before mentioned, I receive the ends
of the principals in iron shoe plates, through which are passed both the
horizontal tie bolt which ties together the principals, and also the
vertical tie bolts which pass down through the walls.
i
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Frederick Walton in the Great Seal Patent Offico
on the 3rd September 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FREDERICK
WALTON, of Staines, in the County of Middlesex, send greeting,
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Third day of March, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-third
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Frederick Walton, Her special licence that I,
the said Frederick Walton, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
ΟΙ such others as I, the said Frederick Walton, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON-
STRUCTION OF HOUSES AND OTHER BUILDINGS OR STRUCTURES," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Frederick Walton, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Frederick Walton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, that is to say:-
In the Specification of a former Patent granted to me on the 11th
day of December 1868 (No. 3772) was described the constructing the

page_text: walls of houses and other structures of horizontal plates or battens of
wood or other material kept apart by blocks or distance pieces of wood
or other material and tied and held together by vertical tie bolts.
According to my present Invention I in some cases employ two ties
one passing down close to one side of the wall whilst the other passes
down close to the other side, as shewn in the diagrams, Figures 1, which
represent a portion of the framing of a wall built up in this manner.
a, a, are the horizontal plates or battens of wood or other suitable
material; b, b, the distance pieces; and c, c, the vertical tie bolts; or
-I-place_the_ties alternately, first one tie close up to the side whilst the
other tie is close up to the opposite side, as shewn-in-the-diagrams,
Figures 2. In place also of passing the tie bars down through holes
in the blocks or distance pieces I in some cases place a distance piece
or block on each side of the tie bars, as represented in the diagrams,
Figures 3.
The diagrams Figures 2 and 3 are marked with the same letters of
reference as the diagrams Figures 1.
Where the horizontal plates or battens a, a, meet together at the
corner of a building I pass down through them two vertical tie bolts,
one near the inner and the other near the outer angle, as shewn in the
diagram Figure 4, or the two bolts might be passed down through them
in the manner shewn at Figure 4*.
•
In constructing walls for houses and other structures where it is
required to render them fireproof, in place of employing plates or battens
passing entirely through the wall as above described, I employ in place
of each such horizontal plate two wooden bars enclosed on three sides
in a casing of iron, one bar being placed on one side of the wall and
the other on the other side of the wall. In this case I form the vertical
blocks or distance pieces preferably of cast iron, each distance piece being
for facility of crection partially notched out to receive the encased
wooden bars. By thus notching out the vertical blocks they form a
guage to retain the horizontal iron troughs at an equal distance apart;
the whole is tied together by vertical tie bolts as above described. The
face of the wooden bars which is not encased is placed outwards so that
laths may be fixed to them. A portion of the framing of a wall built up
in this manner is shewn at Figure 5. In this Figure a are the wooden

page_text: bars keyed or wedged into trough iron; b, b, are the vertical blocks
or distance pieces of cast iron; and c is one of the vertical tic bolts.
In constructing the floors of houses and buildings I connect the
several joists one to the other by placing distance pieces between them
at intervals and binding the whole together by through tie bolts. A
portion of a floor constructed in this manner is shewn at Figure 6 of
the Drawings annexed. a, a, are the joists; "b, b, the distance pieces;
and c, c, tie bolts to bind the whole together.
In constructing roofs for buildings in place of employing a longi-
tudinal ridge piece passing from end to end in the ridge of the roof
I keep the ends of the several principal rafters at the desired distance
apart by distance pieces, and tie the whole together by a tie rod passed
through the ends of the principals and through the distance pieces.
The several principals may similarly be tied together by tie bolts and
distance pieces at the points where struts or braces or queen posts are
applied to them. The lower ends of the principals and the cross tic
beams of a roof I similarly connect one to another by distance pieces
and a long tie bolt passing from one end of the roof to the other. Three
examples of roofs constructed in this manner are shewn at Figures 7
of the Drawings. The tie bolts in these Figures are marked c. The
distance pieces I prefer for facility of construction to place on opposite
sides of the tie bolts, but the tie bolts might, if preferred, be passed
through holes formed through the distance pieces.
When the walls of a house are made in the manner herein described,
or as described in the Specification before mentioned, I receive the ends
of the principals in iron shoe plates, through which are passed both the
horizontal tie bolt, which ties together the principals and also the
vertical tie bolts which pass down through the walls. A portion of a
roof constructed in this manner is shewn at Diagram Figure 8.
one of the principals; b, the iron shoe in which the lower end is
-received; d is the horizontal tie bolt by which the lower ends of the
principals are tied together; and c is one of the vertical tie bolts which
pass down through the walls.
a is

page_text: several improvements in the construction of houses and other buildings
or structures substantially as described.
•
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick Walton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Second day of September in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.