IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COMPOUND MATERIALS INTENDED FOR USE IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WATERPROOF ARTICLES OR OTHER PURPOSES."
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Ormiston Callender, of 101, Leadenhall Street,
in the City of London, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF COMPOUND MATERIALS INTENDED FOR USE IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF WATERPROOF ARTICLES OR OTHER PURPOSES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Ormiston Callender
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th October 1881.
WILLIAM ORMISTON CALLENDER, of 101, Leadenhall Street, in the City of
London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COMPOUND MATERIALS
INTENDED FOR USE IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WATERPROOF ARTICLES OR OTHER
PURPOSES."
My said Invention consists in the use of bitumen combined with other hydro-
carbons or their equivalents in proportions of about ten to forty per cent. of hydro-
carbon relatively to the bitumen used. The combination is effected at various
degrees of temperature according to the nature of the materials employed; a
compound material is thereby produced, which is available for use in the manu-
facture of waterproof articles or other purposes by applying the material in the
manner waterproofing material is ordinarily applied.
The material so produced can either be vulcanized or used without being
vulcanized.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said William Ormiston Callender in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 6th April 1882.
WILLIAM ORMISTON CALLENDER, of 101, Leadenhall Street, in the City of
London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COMPOUND MATERIALS
INTENDED FOR USE IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WATERPROOF ARTICLES OR OTHER
PURPOSES."
My Invention consists in the use of bitumen combined with other hydrocarbons
or their equivalents, as hereinafter mentioned, in such a manner as to produce &
compound material consisting of from ninety to sixty parts of the bitumen
combined with from ten to forty parts of other bydrocarbons, which compound
material will be found suitable for use in the manufacture of waterproof articles
by the processes usually employed manufacturing such goods or for other purposes.
The materials I employ are the natural deposits of bitumen (either in the
natural state when sufficiently pure or refined in the usual way) combined with oil
residue, which is obtained by subjecting vegetable or other oils to distillation for
such a time and in such a manner as to leave the residues in an elastic condition
with a specific gravity as near 1.00 as possible, and by preference not more
than 1.10.
The bitumen which I find most advantageous for use is that obtained from
Trinidad, and when necessary it is refined before it is used as it is advantageous
to use as pure a quality as possible.
The oil residue above referred to I obtain from a vegetable oil, such as cotton
seed oil or palm oil, by the distillation of such oils preferably with the admixture
of an acid, such as sulphuric or nitric acid, in the manner well known until the
specific gravity of such residue is about 100 to 110, at which point at about
60° Fahr. it will become soft and elastic.
A nearly similar result is obtained if the residue usually got from the distillation
of vegetable oils is melted and mixed with such a quantity of sulphuric or nitric
acid or of spirit as will cause the same to become elastic and be of a specific gravity
of from 1.00 to 1.10.
But I do not claim the specific manner of production of this product, which may
be produced by other processes, but merely the use of the product when combined
with the bitumen, and employed as herein described.
I in some cases substitute for the residuum product obtained as above a substance
called elastikon, which was at the date of my application for a Patent and still is
an article well known and commonly sold in the market, and which is either
produced in the manner above described or bears a very close resemblance to it,
and is suitable for being used in place thereof.
My mode of manufacture is as follows:-
I melt or dissolve about seventy parts of bitumen, and at the same time I melt
or dissolve in a separate cauldron thirty parts of the oil residue or its equivalent.
When thoroughly dissolved the two liquids are mixed at a temperature of about
220° to 250° Far.
The temperature is then raised to 280° to 290° Far., and when the material
is required (as is generally the case) to be vulcanised about three or four parts
of flowers of sulphur or the equivalent thereof are added, and the heat being
raised to about 340° Fahr. the mixture is stirred gently for about forty five
minutes, when it is brought into a thick elastic condition.
It is kept for about two hours at the above temperature, and the result is the
compound material which I bave found to be suitable for the purposes above
indicated.

page_text: The sulphur I prefer to use is the common "flowers" of commerce, but any of
the usual vulcanising, materials may be employed in the usual way.
The compound material may be applied in any suitable manner for the manu-
facture of waterproof articles or other purposes, and will be found an efficient
substitute for either india rubber or gutta percha.
The ingredients used by me are inexpensive, and the compound material can be
manufactured and applied at less cost than either india rubber or gutta percha.
In some cases the compound may be placed between two fabrics or surfaces, and
then it may not be necessary to vulcanise the compound.
And having thus described my Invention and the mode in which it is manu-
factured, I do not limit myself to the exact proportions or mode of preparation
above specified, as both may be in some respects varied according to the exact
quality or nature of the material required to be produced, but I claim the
manufacture of the compound material produced by combining the natural deposits
of bitumen with the oil residue or its equivalent, substantially in the proportions
as above described, whether the compound be vulcanised in the usual way or used
without being vulcanised.
Secondly. claim the manufacture of waterproof articles by the use of the
compound, prepared substantially as above described, in conjunction with cloth,
paper, leather, or other suitable material.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Ormiston Callender, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Sixth day of April, One thousand eight hundred
Witness,
GEO. A. PARTON.
W. O. CALLENDER. (L.S.)