CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OP, AND APPARATUS FOR, OBTAINING AND APPLYING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1850

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, TEMPEST
BOOTH, of Ardwick, in the County of Lancaster, Gun Manufacturer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain and Ireland, bearing
date at Westminster, the Fifteenth day of July, in the fourteenth year of Her
reign, and in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty, did
give and grant unto me, the said Tempest Booth, my exors, adññiors, and
assigns, Her special license, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I,
the said Tempest Booth, my exors, adñiors, and assigns, and such others as I,
the said Tempest Booth, my exors, adñiors, and assigns, should at any time.
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term of years therein mentioned, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within that part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland called England, Her Dominion of Wales, and the Town of
Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD
OP, AND APPARATUS FOR, OBTAINING AND APPLYING MOTIVE POWER;" in which said
Letters Patent there is contained a proviso requiring that I, the said Tempest
Booth, shall particularly describe and ascertain the nature of my said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by an instrument in
writing under my hand and seal, to be enrolled in Her said Majesty's High
Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference
being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Tempest Booth, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and the

page_text: manner in which the saine is to be performed, is particularly described and
ascertained in and by the present Instrument in writing, reference being had
to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked
thereon, that is to say :-
My Invention consists of certain improvements in, and novel arrangements
of, machinery and apparatus, whose movements are actuated by atmospheric
air or other attenuated fluid, when set in-motion by natural or artificial means.
Drawing No. 1, hereunto annexed, represents a series of my improvements in
constructing and arranging the several parts of a machine or apparatus which
differs but little in principle and method of action from that of the well-known
smoke jack or revolving ventilator. The combustion of fuel in a fireplace or
furnace requiring a continuous supply of fresh air to take the place of the air
which, through the action of the fire, has become rarified, a volume of fresh air
of more or less force, according to the extent of the furnace and quantity of fuel,
rushes towards the latter or into any orifice or flue connected therewith. I
cause the air thus set in motion to impinge against and pass between a series
of vanes or floats radiating from a central axle, and set at a suitable-angle,
before it can enter the furnace, or flue or chimney connected therewith. The
radiating vanes, and with them the central disc or plate, and the axle to which
the whole are secured are thus set in motion, and the power thus obtained may
be applied to several useful purposes. So far the method of obtaining motive
power is in principle similar to that which actuates the old and well known
machines above mentioned. In these machines, however, the vanes have been
usually disposed and arranged without due regard to the obtaining of the
greatest amount of force in proportion to the quantity of air allowed to
pass
through the spaces between the vanes. There are several other sources of loss
of power in the old machines, which, together with other defects, are obviated
or remedied by means of my improvements, which I will now proceed to
describe.
Fig. 1 is a front elevation, Fig. 2 a sectional elevation, and Fig. 3 a back view,
of one of my improved vane wheels and framework, and apparatus connected
therewith. A is a circular cast metal casing, terminating at the front in the
flange band, at the back in the flanche C, the latter being bolted or otherwise
secured to the face of the brickwork D, in which is a funnel-shaped opening Z,
corresponding in diameter to that of the opening in the casing A. The orifice Z
is supposed to communicate with a furnace in which fuel is being consumed, or
with any flue or chimney connected with such furnace. To the flanche B is
secured, by a series of bolts, the circular plate E, the peculiar shape of which
will be better observed on referring to the enlarged sectional view, Fig. 5.

page_text: Between the flange of the ring E and the flange B, I interpose a packing of
leather or other suitable substance, in order to prevent the air from gaining
access from between the flanges to the interior of the circular casing A: F is
a cast metal frame having four arms, the extremities of which are bolted.to.the
front of the ring E, or to the flange B of the casing. The horizontal arms of
the frame F have cast or otherwise attached to them the plummer blocks
G, G, which may be furnished with brass steps and caps in-the usual manner.
In the bearings Ġ is supported the shaft H, on which is keyed the wheel I,
geering into another wheel J, on the shaft or spindle K, which has one of its
bearings in the boss or hub on the four-armed frame F; the other end turns
on the point of a centre pin M, screwed into the boss in the centre of the
cross bar N, which passes across and is secured to the flange C, as best seen in
Fig. 4. The pressure of the pin M against the spindle is transmitted to the
cone-shaped bearing in the centre of the four-armed frame F, the collar P on
the spindle K being likewise cone-shaped to correspond. In order to prevent
the screwed pin M from shaking loose when once properly adjusted, I make
use of the tightening nut O, which bears hard against the boss of the cross bar
N. To the spindle K, I secure my improved vane wheel, which in this case is
constructed in the following manner:-On the spindle K, and immediately
against the collar B, I fasten a circular metal disc Q, on the face of which are
a number of indents for the reception of the radial arms R, the front faces of
which project slightly above that of the disc, to receive the surface of the
washer plate S, against which the nut on the screwed portion of the spindle K
presses. The radial arms R are thus firmly secured between the disc Q and
washer plate S. An internal ring U of angle iron is attached to the radial
arms, which terminate in an external ring W, of similar angle iron, to which
the end of the arms are rivetted or secured by other convenient means.
annular space between the internal and external rings U and W is furnished
with a number of radiating vanes X, placed at whatever distance apart or at
whatever angle may be found most convenient and economical in practice (see
Figs. 5 and 6). These vanes may be made of light cast iron, plate iron, zinc,
or other suitable material, and may be secured to the internal and external
rings by turned up flanges or rivets, as shewn in Figs. 5 and 6, or they may be
soldered or secured by any other means found convenient in practice. In
order to prevent the access of air to the inside of the circular frame A, through
any other apertures than such as are formed by the spaces between the vanes,
I cause the outer edge of the external ring W, to be turned perfectly true, and
the same with the inside edge of the turned in flange e, of the circular ring E,
so that both edges may be in as close contiguity as possible without actually
The

page_text: touching each other. I likewise cause the extremities of the radial arms R
to be bent in the manner shewn in the Drawing, so that they may form as
slight an impediment as possible for the free passage of the air after it has
passed through the vanes. That the radial arms R may be maintained as firm
and steady as possible, and that the rings U and W may be kept true in their
periphery, I employ a second series of bent arms Y, one end of which are
secured to the arms R and internal rings of angle iron U, as best seen in
Fig. 5; the other end of the arms Y are screwed or otherwise fastened to the
circular metal block Y', on the end of the spinde K. That no impediment
may be offered to the free passage of air in its tendency to rush towards the
flue Z, after passing the vanes, I cause the arms Y to be covered with thin
plates of iron, zinc, lairs of wood, tarred canvas, or other suitable material. I
also cover the spaces between the arms R in a similar manner. As it may be
necessary occasionally to gain admittance to the inside of the flue Z, in order
to adjust the set screw M, a passage d is built in the brickwork D, the upper
opening of which passage is furnished with a trap f, which can be raised and re-
placed at pleasure. The action of the above described apparatus is as follows:-
The flue Z in the brickwork D communicates with a furnace, in which fuel is
being consumed, or with the flues or chimney in connection with such furnace,
and the atmospheric air having a tendency to take the place of the air rarified
by the heat of the furnace rushes towards the orifice Z. Before the air can
gain this orifice, however, it must pass between the vanes X, against the
angular surface of which it impinges; this impact will cause the vane wheel
to revolve in its bearings inside the circular casing A. The only space through
which the air can gain access to the interior of the casing, and thence to the
orifice in the flue, is that left between the edge of the turned in flange e of the
ring E, and the edge of the external angle iron ring W, but (as I before
remarked), these two edges are turned perfectly true, so that the edge of the
vane wheel revolves in close contiguity to that of the stationary ring E. In
order that the air may have but little tendency to penetrate even through
this annular space, the flange e is constructed in such a manner as to direct the
rush of air on to the vanes in an angular direction. I also prefer, when it
can be conveniently adopted, a plate or series of plates Y2 (coloured
green in Fig. 5), the object of which plates is likewise to give the rush
of air a bias in the direction of the vanes; the directing plates Y*, may
either be secured to the front of the vane wheel and revolve with it, or they
may be stationary and attached to some external framework, as the four-armed
frame F. After passing through the space between the vanos, the air rushes in
the direction of the arrows through the curved passage formed between the inside

page_text: of the circular casing A and the covered arm Y to the flue Z. It will easily be
perceived that motion may be obtained from wheels, pullies, cranks, &c., or
other suitable driving apparatus placed immediately on the shaft K without
the intervention of the wheels I and J or the shaft H, although I have shown
the latter as more convenient on account of its situation, and the fact of it
allowing driving apparatus to be attached to each end of the shaft as shown.
The legs A and A support the casing A, to which they are bolted, the
whole being secured to a steady foundation. When any of the moving parts
of the machine become deranged it will be seen that the vane wheel can be
easily removed by taking off the circular ring E and frame F.
Although I have shown in the Drawing but one method of constructing the
machine above described, it should be understood that I do not confine myself
to the exact details given, form and method of construction specified.
The vanes, for instance, may be more or less numerous, and set at a different
angle to that shewn; the vane wheel may be composed of plates of metal
or other substance instead of radial arms. The casing A may be straight
instead of curved, and the whole may be arranged and put together in several
ways equivalent to the one above described. What I particularly claim in
relation to the above improvements are―
Firstly, the placing a ring of angular radiating vanes near the periphery
of a wheel or disc of metal or other suitable substance, or near the extremity
of covered radiating arms, as described.
Secondly, the method described of placing the vanes between an external
and internal ring of iron or other suitable material.
Thirdly, the plans described, or any equivalent thereof, for giving the rush
of air a bias in the direction of the vanes, and for directing such air after
passing between the vaues to the flue.
Fourthly, the means described for preventing the air from obtaining access
to the interior of the casing behind the vane wheels from any other aperture
than that formed by the spaces between the vanes.
Fifthly, the general arrangement and construction of the different parts of
the apparatus, or any equivalent to or modification thereof.
Figs. 7 and 8, Drawing No. 1, represent a sectional elevation and front view
of another of my improved apparatus, in which similar agencies to those
described in the former part of this Specification are brought to bear in
order to obtain a motive power, and although similar in principle and effect
to the last described apparatus it differs materially from it in point of con-
struction and method of driving. On referring to the Drawing it will be seen
that I dispense altogether with external casing, as shewn in Figs. 1 and 2,

page_text: instead of which I build a shallow cylinder A of cast iron into the brick-
work B; to the flange of this cylinder, which is bolted immediately to the face
of the brickwork, I fasten a circular ring E, similar in shape and for a
similar purpose to that described in reference to Fig. 5. I also use a circular
external ring of angle iron W, with one edge turned true as before. This
ring is connected by a series of narrow strips of metal F to the cast metal
disc I, which in this case takes the place of the radiating arms of Figs. 1 and 2.
The disc I has two flanges projecting from its surface; one of them H is of
sufficient distance from the ring W to allow of the vanes being placed between
and secured to each. The other flange J has its inside surface turned perfectly
true in order to bear correctly against the friction wheel K which will be
alluded to hereafter. The disc I, and the vanes, which together comprise my
improved vane wheel, are secured to the shaft l, which revolves in bearings on
the standards M1 and M; a second shaft N also runs in bearings in the same
standards; these latter bearings consist of blocks which are adjustable in slots
in the standards. The outside-block O' (see Fig. 9) is regulated and fastened
by the set screws and tightening nuts a, a, the other block 0 has a pin b,
which passing through the top of the slot bears with its point on the sliding
block 0; the upper part of the pin passes loosely through the spring P, to
which it can be adjusted by the screwed nuts above and below the spring.
The latter is suspended to the stay rods S, which connect the standards
together by the links Q, Q. The spring P, acting directly on the slide
block O, has a tendency to press the shaft N downwards, and with it the
friction wheel K, to which the shaft is secured. Thus, the friction wheel bears
against the turned flange. J with greater or less pressure according to the
adjustment of the spring P, and a rotary motion is given to the shaft N,
which may be extended to any convenient length, and furnished with whatever
driving apparatus may be necessary. Any irregularity in the sinking of the
shaft N by the wearing of the friction pulley is regulated by the adjusting
screws a, a, Fig. 9. In order to secure greater frictional contact I cover the
periphery of the roller K with a ring of leather or other substance used for
such purposes.
A funnel-shaped entrance is built in the brickwork at the
front of and communicating with the orifice Z of the flue, in order to receive
the air and direct its progress after passing the vanes. As a further assistance
in thus directing the air I fasten a circular metal plate T to the back of the
disc as shewn. I also cover the annular space between the flanches H and J
with a ring U of plate iron or other suitable material which serves to give the
rush of air a bias in the direction of the vanes as described in reference
to Y, Fig. 4. A modified arrangement of driving by friction from the

page_text: revolving disc I is shown at Fig. 10 where the flanche, J is cone-shaped, the
friction pulley K being likewise bevelled to fit the flange. A hellical spring P
surrounds the end of the shaft N, which projects beyond the standard Me, one
end of the spring bears against the bearing of the standard which in this case
is stationary; the other against the friction wheel K, which is thus pressed
towards the beviled flange..J.
My claims in relation to the last described portion of my Invention are-
Firstly, the method of constructing the vane wheel with a central cast metal
disc, as described.
Secondly, the plan of communicating motion to a shaft from the vane wheel
by means of friction rollers arranged in the manner pointed out in the several
views or any modification of or equivolent to such plans.
Thirdly, the construction of a funnel-shaped opening in the brickwork or
masonry for directing the air to the flue.
Fourthly, the general or any other equivolent arrangement of the different
parts.
Figs. 12, 13, 14, and 15 are views drawn to a small scale of different
arrangements for the disposal of my improved vane wheels. In Fig. 12 the
vane wheel, which may be constructed after either of the foregoing or any of
the other plans herein-after described, revolves horizontally in a circular
trough C, supported by means of a series of hollow columns D on a base
plate F. The axle B of the vane wheel has its upper journal in the centre
of the bottom of the trough C, and its lower journal in a footstep in the base
plate F. The air impinging against. and passing through the vanes is carried
off through the hollow columns D to the flue Z, the latter being covered by
the base plate F. It will be seen that any of the foregoing improvements and
methods of driving may be adapted to the horizontal as well as vertical vane
wheel.
Fig. 13 is another modified arrangement similar in point of construction
to that last described, excepting that the vane wheel and circular trough are
placed vertically, the air being carried off from the trough by pipes or columns,
as before, through holes in the base plate to the opening of the flue Z, against
which the base plate is secured by bolts or other convenient means. In both
the foregoing plans it will be seen that any number of hollow columns may be
employed to carry off the air, according to the diameter of the vane and the
extent of the trough.
Fig. 14 shews an arrangement where two vane wheels are used, each
vane wheel revolving in separate easings A¹ and A2; and the shaft C, which
connects the wheels together, is suspended on centre pins, as shewn in Fig. 2.

page_text: The air from the vanes passes down the pipes B and B, along the passage E
in the foundation to the flue Z. The pipes likewise serve as standards for the
support of the casings, the whole resting on the base plate F, which covers the
passages to the fluc Z. Small hand holes a, a, with suitable covers, are left in'
the pipes B and B³, in order conveniently to adjust the centre pins on which
the shaft C revolves. A driving pulley D may be keyed on the middle of the
shaft, or other convenient driving apparatus may be employed. When the
draught in the flue is sufficiently strong I occasionally place a series of my
improved vane wheels in an elongated parellel or conical passage communicating
with a flue.
In Fig. 15 Z represents such a passage. A, A', and A2, are a series of
casings with their respective vane wheels; each vane wheel has a separate and
distinct spindle C, from which motion may be communicated to any machine
outside the passage by means of bevel wheels and shafts running at right
angles to the spindles, and passing through small orifices in the brickwork or
masonry of the passage.
I claim, in relation to the last described modifications,-
Firstly, the carrying off the air from the vanes through pipes placed near
the periphery of a circular trough, whether such trough be placed vertically or
horizontally.
Secondly, the employment of two vane wheels connected together in the
manner described in reference to Fig. 14, or any modification thereof.
Thirdly, the adoption of a series of several vane wheels, one succeeding the
other, in a passage leading to a flue, as illustrated in Fig. 15.
In Drawing No. 2 are represented several views of an apparatus which may
be attached to any of the vane wheels described in the foregoing portion of my
Specification. As the draught of the furnace, or flue or chimney connected
therewith, may vary considerably, according to the amount of fuel consumed
and from other sources, and as it may be found more convenient and econo-
mical to have a greater or less surface of vanes to receive the action of the
air. according to circumstances, in any of the herein-before described vane
wheels, I have designed an apparatus for the purpose of covering and unco-
vering such vanes as occasion may require in an expeditions manner.
Fig. 17 shews a front elevation, and Figs. 18 and 16 are sections through
the different lines marked on the Drawing of my improved apparatus for the
above-mentioned purpose.
Figs: from 19 to 25 are detached views of the different parts. In order
the better to distinguish these I have caused them to be colored, the vanes
pink and the expanding cover plates green. A is a cast metal disc, having a

page_text: flanche B standing up from its face; between the outer periphery of this flanche
and the inner surface of the ring C the radiating vanes X are secured as
described in reference to Figs. i 1 and 2, Drawing 1. The disc or plate A is
perforated by a series of slot holes E, which are bordered by the ribs F, cast
on the front of the plate, and radiating to the centre hub or boss D, also a part
of the plate. The boss D has a collar in which are a number of recesses, sec
Fig. 25, in which fit the shaped heads of the rods G, coloured purple,
see Figs. 19 and 20; a bolt or rivet passes through (Fig. 16) the heads of
the rods G, and through the collar on the boss D, to which they are firmly,
secured; the rods G extend from the boss to the circular ring, to which they
are rivetted or secured (Fig. 20). The boss D extends above the collar for
the reception of the centre of the recfing plate II, which moves loosely thereon.
This reefing plate is perforated by a number of curved slots equal in number
to the slots E in the disc A; the curved slots T terminate near the centre of
the reefing plate, and incline towards its outer edge, as best seen in Fig. 17;'
the radial distance between inner and outer extremity of the slots will be equal.
to the extent to which the covering plates K expand and close, as herein-after
described. These plates are situated between the disc A and the rods G; the
edges of each plate overlap cach other somewhere about a quarter of an inch
when expanded to their greatest extent over the vanes; their form will be
better understood on reference to Figs. 22, 23, and 24. The overlapped
portions of the plates are so arranged as to come immediately under each
of the rods G, Fig. 17. A series of bolts L (Fig. 21) equal in number to
that of the expanding plates, are allowed to slide when not screwed tight in
the slots E, the elongated collar M of the former fitting into the latter, the
head N of the bolt rests against the back of the disc A, the collar M passes
through and fits tightly into a similar shaped slots in each expanding plate, and'
the rounded portion of the bolt passes through the curved slots in the reefing
plate H, above which it is supplied with nuts and washers 0, 0. The
remaining portion of the apparatus is somewhat similar to the foregoing; the
cylindrical casing P, in which the vane wheel revolves, is built into the funnel-"
shaped opening Q, in connection with the flue Z; a flat ring of metal R, is'
bolted to the flanche of the framework P, in such a manner that a portion may
project over and nearly touch the face of the angle iron ring c, the position of
which is reversed from that described in Drawing 1. The vane wheel is
secured to the shaft or axle S, which may be supplied with any driving
apparatus required. The standards T have bearings for the shaft S, are
secured firmly to the foundation. The plate U at the back of the disc A pre-
vents the access of air to the flue through the slot holes, and serves to give the
.

page_text: air from the vanes a bias in the right direction, as shewn by the arrows. The
action of the expanding covers will be better understood on reference to
Figs. 22, 23, and 24.
Fig. 22 shews one of these covers at the outer extent of its traverse, the
vanes
being covered to the greatest extent.
T
Fig. 24 shews the plate at the inner extent of its travers, and 23 shews
it midway. Now, supposing the expanding plates to be in the position shewn
at Fig. 24, where the whole of the vanes are exposed, and it be found
necessary to expand them and thereby cover a portion of the vanes, the nuts o
being partially unscrewed, so that the reefing plate H is loosened and the
pressure taken off the bars G, and consequently through the elasticity of the
bars from the expanding plates a lever or bar is inserted into one of the
notches W in the surface of the plate H, and the latter is turned round in the
lirection of the arrow, Fig. 17, the inclined slot holes acting on the rounded
portion of the bolt L will cause the latter, and with it of course the expanding
plates, to slide outwards, these plates being prevented from moving in any
other than a direct radial line by the collar M, on the bolt L, being confined
in the slots E, in the disc A; the covers K being so simultaneously expanded,
and the required surface of the vanes covered, the nuts on the face of the
reefing plate are screwed tight, pressing the inner face of the latter against
the bars G, and the bars pressing the expanding plates.against the disc A, the
whole is rendered secure and prevented from shaking loose. By unscrewing
the nuts and turning the reefing plate H in a contrary direction to that
indicated by the arrow, the expanding covers may be withdrawn towards the
centre, and a greater portion of the vanes exposed to the action of the air.
Figs. 26, 27, and 28, shew other plans of covering the vanes; in this
case a number of separate covering rings are required, the inner diameter of
such rings being all of the same size, but that of the outer varying according
to the amount of vane surface required to be exposed.
Fig. 28 shows the face of a vane wheel without any ring plate. The face of
the disc A has cast on it, or otherwise attached to it, a raised ring of metal a,
which is perforated with screwed holes for the reception of bolts.or set screws,
by which rings of greater or less outer diameter may be secured to the disc A,
in front of the vanes.
:
Fig. 26 shows a ring, of greater, and Fig. 27 one of less diameter, thus
secured in front of the vanes. Any number of these rings may be employed,
and may be placed on the face of the wheel in segments or whole, as found
most convenient. I claim, in connection with the above described portion of
my Invention, the use of expanding covers for exposing and covering the

page_text: vanes of my improved vane wheels, not confining myself to the exact details
of construction described. I claim any equivolent means of covering and
uncovering the vanes. In all the vane wheels hercin-before described.
I have supposed the vanes to have been permanently secured, by means of
bolts, rivets, or soldering, to an inner or outer ring of metal, but as there
may be some difficulty of ascertaining the most advantageous angle at which
to place the vanes, I sometimes make them adjustable, as shewn at
Figs. 30 and 31. X is the metal vane, having on its face the reverse of that
against which the air impinges, a projection a traversing the whole length
of the vane, or two projections may be used, one at each end of the
vane. Through this projection or projections passes a bolt c, which secures
the vane between the flanche on the disc A and the ring B; two small pins,
a, b, are rivetted through the vane and the bolt, to prevent the former from
turning round on the latter. It will be seen that by unscrewing the nut on
the bolt, the vanes may be turned to a greater or less angle as required, and all
the vanes may be set at similar angles by employing a guage; the tightening
of the nut prevents the vane from turning on its axis when set.
Figures 32 to 36 represent views of an apparatus for setting the whole of
the vanes at any required angle, simultaneously instead of separately. Inside
the disc A, I place a moveable metal ring B, which is perforated with holes
corresponding in number to that of the vanes, the spindle c passes through the
vanes, and is secured thereto by the pins a, a; the spindle turns in bearings in
the flanche of the disc A and the metal ring c; the end e of the spindle c is
cranked, and the cranked portion enters one of the holes in the moveable
ring B, and so with the spindles of each vane. The ring B may be attached
firmly to the disc A by set screws d, but when the latter are unscrewed the
ring B may be moved a short distance round in either direction, a slot being
cut therein to receive the bolts; this moving round of the ring B will, through
the cranked portion e of the bolt c', act upon each vane simultaneously, and
set them all at the same position, at whatever angle may be required.
Figs. 35 and 36, which are inside views of the flanche on the disc A, look-
ing in the direction of the arrow, will better indicate the action of the holes
in the ring B on the cranked pins, and consequently on the vanes.
Figures 37 and 38 represent another method of giving more or less inclina-
tion to the whole of the vanes simultaneously. To the pins c, which pass
through the vanes as before, I attach small toothed wheels D, which geer into
the teeth of the circular rack E. This rack is secured to the face of the disc A
by bolts, on unscrewing which the rack may be moved round, which movement
is communicated to the vanes, which may thus be set at any required angle simul-

page_text: taneously, and when thus set may be retained in such position by screwing
tight the bolts. I occasionally construct my improved vane wheels with two or
more separate rings of vanes, as shewn in Figures 39 and 40. The vanes in
the outside ring may be stationary, and those in the inner rings moveable, so
that the openings between them may be entirely closed by turning the vanes
so as to overlap each other. I also, in some cases, make the vanes with their
faces curved, so that the rush of air may act with greater force thercon. My
claims in relation to the last described portion of my Invention are:-
Firstly, the method pointed out, or any equivolent thereto or modification
thereof, for setting the vanes of my improved vane wheels at any required
angle, and of retaining them in such position.
Secondly, the adoption of a series of two, more or less, rings or vanes, the
latter being either fixed or moveable.
Thirdly, the use of moveable or fixed vanes, with surface, against which the
rush of air acts, of a curved form, as described.
In all the foregoing arrangements I have shewn my improved vane wheels
as being acted upon by air set in motion by its tendency to rush towards the
flue of some existing furnace in which fuel is being consumed; in some cases,
however, I construct furnaces and flues especially for the purpose of causing a
draught for the use of my improved vane wheels.
Figs. 48 and 44 shew such an arrangement with the wheel A revolving
horizontally, and Figs. 45, 46, and 47, another arrangement, with the wheel
acting vertically. B, B, are the furnaces, having a suitable door. b, c, the
ash pit, having likewise a door, which is opened only when it is requisite to
remove the ashes. D are passages in the brickwork for the supply of air to
the vanes, through which it passes in the direction of the arrows to the ash
pit, and through the fire bars to the chimney. The combustion of fuel in the
furnaces will cause a continuous rush of air to pass through and impinge
against the vanes of the vane wheel. Any of the herein-before described vane
wheels may be placed in a flue or chimney, so as to be acted upon by the pro-
lucts of combustion, which have a tendency to rise upwards, or the vane wheels
may be acted upon by air or other attenuated fluid, set in motion by other
artificial means, as well as those described above. I also apply my improved
fanc wheels to be acted upon by wind, for which purpose any of the herein-
before described wheels may be used. For convenience I in some cases s
construct an apparatus, in which the vane wheel, its furnace and chimney for
causing the required draught, are arranged so that the whole may be moved
readily from place to place, as shewn in Fig. 48. In order to render the speed
of the vane wheels as uniforin and regular as possible, I occasionally use a

page_text: common throttle valve damper, situated in the passage or flue connected with
the furnace or chimney. This damper I regulate either by hand or by a com-
mon governor driven from the axle of the vane wheel, and applied in a manner
exactly similar to that applied to ordinary steam engines.
My claims in relation to the last described portion of my Invention are:-
Firstly, the use of special furnaces for causing a draught to act upon my
improved vane wheels.
Secondly, the placing of my improved vane wheels in the flue or chimney
of a furnace to be acted upon by the products of combustion in their tendency
to rise.
Thirdly, the employment of vane wheels, in any position so as to be actuated
by air or other attenuated fluid, when set in motion by any artificial or mecha-
nical agencies whatsoever.
Fourthly, their application to mills set in motion by the action of the wind.
And, fifthly, the construction of portable and moveable apparatus, in which
my improved vane wheel, furnace, and chimney, are combined.
Sixthly, the means described of equalizing the speed, by the adoption of
throttle valve dampers actuated by hand, or by the centrifugal force of the
common governor balls.
It will be seen that the above described improvements may be used as a
motive power for the driving of machinery and other useful purposes where a
considerable speed but no great power is required, in cases where a fire is
required, as well as motive power, such as in coffee roasting, bread and biscuit
baking, the turning of reflectors in signal lights, and other similar purposes.
They may likewise be advantageously employed in driving machinery for
spinning ropes, twine, &c., dressing grain, flour, and similar substances, churn-
ing, and other farm purposes, cooking, raising fluids, and other useful purposes
too numerous to detail.
The whole of the above described improvements being, to the best of my
knowledge and belief, new, and never before practiced in that part of Her
said Majesty's United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called England,
the Dominion of Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, I deliver
this as my true and faithful Specification of the same.
In witness whereof, I, the said Tempest Booth, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Seventh day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-one.
TEMPEST (L.S.) BOOTH.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Seventh day of January, in the
year of our Lord 1851, the aforesaid Tempest Booth came before our said
Lady the Queen. in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according
to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Eleventh day of January, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-one.