IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING FOOD FROM THE ENTRAILS OF ANIMALS
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Dewar, Doctor of Medicine, residing at
Kirkcaldy, in the County of Fife, North Britain, for the Inven-
tion of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING FOOD FROM THE ENTRAILS OF
ANIMALS."
Sealed the 15th December 1868, and dated the 8th October 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Dewar at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th October 1868.
I, JAMES DEWAR, Doctor of Medicine, residing at Kirkcaldy, in the
County of Fife, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING FOOD FROM THE ENTRAILS OF
ANIMALS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in improvements in preparing food from the
entrails of animals, by which these substances, which have heretofore
only been employed to a small extent in the nourishment of animals,
in consequence of their tendency to become decomposed and offensive,
and which have been consequently either wasted or applied to less

page_text: valuable purposes, are made more available for the food of men and of
horses, cattle, sheep, pigs, dogs, poultry, and other such animals.
According to my Invention I take the entrails of recently killed
animals and cleanse them, and then subject them to the action of
sulphurous acid with or without desiccation, or merely to the action
of desiccation.
When I use sulphurous acid I apply it either in the form of the
aqueous solution of sulphurous acid of the ordinary commercial quality,
say of specific gravity 1.012, or in the form of a sulphite or bi-sulphite.
I subject the entrails to the action of the acid either by steeping them in
the aqueous solution of the strength above mentioned, or further diluted
with water, or by mixing them with the sulphite or bi-sulphite, or by
drying and grinding them down into a powder, and mixing that powder
either with the aqueous solution or with the sulphite or bi-sulphite.
When I do not intend to use sulphurous acid I find it best first to boil
the entrails and then to subject them to thorough desiccation.
When the entrails have been treated according to my Invention as
above described, they remain for a long time in a wholesome condition,
suitable for food. I prefer the use of sulphurous acid along with
subsequent desiccation as contributing to a more effectual preservation
of the substances so treated.
I find that when treated according to my said Invention the entrails
are readily eaten by horses, cattle, sheep, pigs, dogs, poultry, and other
such animals, and are a nutritious and beneficial food for them, and that
when cooked to suit the human taste they also afford an excellent food
For feeding cattle, sheep, horses, and pigs, I find it best to
mix the preserved entrails with the several vegetable matters upon which
those animals feed, either in the form of cake, mash, or broth.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James Dewar in the Great Seal Patent Office on 30
the 8th April 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
DEWAR, Doctor of Medicine, residing at Kirkcaldy, in the County of
Fife, North Britain, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of October, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the thirty-
second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said James Dewar, Her special licence
that I, the said James Dewar, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said James Dewar, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN PREPARING FOOD FROM THE ENTRAILS OF ANIMALS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said James Dewar, my executors
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
or
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Dewar, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
The nature of my Invention consists in improvements in preparing
food from the entrails of animals.
By my Invention these entrails, which on account of their tendency
to become decomposed and offensive, have heretofore only been employed:
to a small extent in the nourishment of animals, are made more available
for the food of man and of horses, cattle, sheep, pigs, dogs, poultry, and
other animals.
The manner in which my Invention is to be performed is as follows.
I adopt either of the following methods:-
First. I take the entrails of recently slaughtered healthy animals,
such as cattle, sheep, and pigs and cleanse them and then subject them
to careful desiccation such as will expel the moisture so far as practicable
without injuring the nutritive properties contained in the substance.

page_text: For this desiccation I expose the substance to a dry temperature of
from one hundred to two hundred and twelve degrees Fahrenheit.
Before desiccation I find it advantageous to boil the entrails thoroughly,
but this preliminary process is not absolutely necessary. After the
desiccation is complete I reduce the substances to a meal or powder by
any ordinary grinding apparatus. The entrails cleansed as aforesaid
may be minced while raw (or boiled before or after being minced),
mixed with seeds, husks of grain or other husks, or with bran, meal,
or flour and dried and used as food in the form of meal, and if I wish
to use the substance in the form of cakes I add a sufficient quantity
of bran, meal, or flour to enable it to be kneaded and baked.
Secondly. I take the entrails cleansed as directed in the first method
and either with or without previous desiccation of the character therein
described, and either before or after mincing them I subject them to
the action of sulphurous acid, which I apply either in the form of
the aqueous solution of sulphurous acid of the ordinary commercial
quality, say of specific gravity 1-012, or in the form of a sulphite or
bi-sulphite.
The manner in which I subject the entrails (with or without previous
desiccation in the manner aforesaid) intended to be prepared for food
to the action of sulphurous acid is either (first), by steeping them in
the aqueous solution before mentioned, which, when further diluted
with an equal bulk of water, I find to be strong enough for the purpose;
or (secondly), by mixing them either before or after they have been
dried and ground down as before mentioned into a meal or powder with
the sulphite or bi-sulphite. The aqueous solution and the sulphite
or bi-sulphite may I find be used in combination, but I prefer the use
of the aqueous solution alone to the use of either sulphite or bi-sulphite,
or any combination thereof with the aqueous solution. The length of
time which I find it most beneficial to steep the substances to be
preserved in the aqueous solution is about one hour, after which I prefer
to dry them thoroughly by exposure to a dry temperature of from 100
to 212 degrees Fahrenheit, but if found more convenient they may be
allowed to remain in a vessel kept moist with the solution of sulphurous
acid until wanted for use. The quantity of the sulphite or bi-sulphite
which I find it most beneficial to use is one ounce of the sulphite or
bi-sulphite to six pounds of the raw entrails. Whether the solution of
sulphurous acid or the sulphite or bi-sulphite be employed the entrails

page_text: should be desiccated as soon after the same has been applied as
convenient.
Of the two methods of preserving the entrails which I have above
described I prefer the use of sulphurous acid along with subsequent
desiccation, because the substance when so treated will be preserved for
a very long period and the nutritious properties of the substances are
more effectually retained.
Entrails when treated according to my Invention are readily eaten by
horses, cattle, sheep, pigs, dogs, poultry, and other such animals, and
form a nutritious and beneficial food for them, and when cooked to suit
the human taste they afford an excellent and nutritious food for man.
For feeding horses, cattle, sheep, pigs, dogs, poultry, and such other
animals I find it best to mix the preserved entrails with the several
vegetable substances which are usually given to such animals for food.
I take the entrails treated according to the second method above
specified and mince them or boil them, and thereafter mix them with
seeds or husks of grain or other husks, or with bran or meal or flour,
and then use the food in the form of meal or cakes, all in the manner
above specified under the first head of these Presents.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I hereby declare that I do not claim
as my Invention the use of entrails for food except treated as herein-
before described, as they have to some extent been used for food; but
what I claim is the improvements in preparing food from these
substances by treating them in the manner herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Dewar, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Seventh day of April, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine.