AN IMPROVED MOTIVE POWER APPARATUS FOUNDED UPON THE APPLICATION OF THE HYDROSTATICS AND AERIFORM FLUIDS" PRINCIPLES OFALATION
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Charles Boutet of Boulevard Saint Denis No 1
at Paris Engineer for an invention of "AN IMPROVED MOTIVE POWER
APPARATUS FOUNDED UPON THE APPLICATION OF THE
HYDROSTATICS AND AERIFORM FLUIDS"
PRINCIPLES OF
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Charles Boutet at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th April 1882.
THOMAS CHARLES BOUTET of Boulevard Saint Denis No. 1 at Paris, Engineer,
AN IMPROVED MOTIVE POWER APARATUS FOUNDED UPON THE APPLICATION OF
THE PRINCIPLES OF HYDROSTATICS AND AERIFORM FLUIDS
»
The motive power apparatus which forms the subject of this invention is based
on Mariotto's law of the "Compressibility and elasticity of gaseous fluids"; on
Pascal's principle of the "Transmission of pressure in all directious";
and on
Archimede's principle of the "Theory of immersed bodies"
The improved apparatus is composed of :-
1st Two vessels of galvanized iron or other material whose sides are fixed to
angle irons and are formed with iron ribs to ensure rigidity
2nd An apparatus which I call the generator in each vessel formed of a tube of
rigid metal and lenticular in section, connected with a hollow nave whose central
sections are prolonged at each side by round tubes forming an axis or hollow shaft
and which passing through the sides of the vessel is supported and turns in bronze
bearings and in obturators also of bronze placed outside and which act as stuffing
boxes. Each end of the lenticular tube has a rigid plate or table in the centre of
which is an opening communicating with the bore of the tube-On each of these
plates is fitted by means of a screw a diaphragm of caoutchouc, leather, or
impermeable fabric forming a supple and flexible jacket. When it is extended
this jacket which I will call a bag takes the form of an ovoidal sector.
3rd. At each side outside the vessel and forming a prolongation of the obturator
is a beut tube of the same section; one of these tubes descends down the sido of

page_text: and underneath the vessel and is connected to the corresponding roservoir by a
distributor, while the other tube loads directly to the saine reservoir by another
distributor
4th. Two hermetically closed reservoirs of sheet metal made rigid by angle irons
and iron ribs-Ench reservoir is situated below a table; its capacity is so
calculated as to profit by all the reduction resulting from the application of
Mariotte's law on the compressibility of air. Within each reservoir between the
two distributors is mounted a shaft turning at one end in a plummer block or
bearing and at at the other carrying a bronze conical piece in an obturator through
which it passes to receive outside a cam wheel-On the said shaft is mounted
internally a toothed wheel gearing with toothed pinions mounted on the spindle
of each distributor; and on the said shaft there is also a bevel wheel gearing with
a bevel pinion on the spindle of a vertical distributor.
5th A tubo in each reservoir carrying the cock for putting the apparatus in
action and connecting the reservoir to what I term a balloon which is made of
caoutchouc jacketted with leather and is mounted on a wooden base fixed to tho
table-To the tube is connected a bent tube which corresponds alternately by
branches placed externally between the distributing tubes with the bags of the
other generator vice versa so that the air of balloon No. 1 passes into the bags of
the generator No. 2 and that of balloon No. 2 into those of generator No. 1. The
axis of the cock carries a hand or pointer travelling before a graduated curved
scale so that the speed and consequently the power of the apparatus can be
regulated by allowing the air to pass more or less rapidly from the reservoir to the
balloon.
6th. Malleable iron tables carried on cast iron columns connected by wrought
iron stays. These tables support by means of cast iron chairs the driving shaft
which turns in plummer blocks or bearings and the cranks of which carry the
connecting rods at whose lower ends are jointed metallic cross pieces which act
upon the balloons like pistons-These cross pieces have at each end slides to run
ou vertical guides on the tables and chairs.
7th. The driving shaft carrying between the connecting rods and the cross
pieces, (1) at the middle a chain pinion transmitting motion by means of its chain
to the fly wheel; (2) excentrics which work the air pumps; (3) gear wheels only
half of whose periphery is toothed and gearing at the proper time with a completely
toothed wheel on the transmitting shaft
8th. Transmitting shafts turning in plummer blocks or bearings at the corners
of the vessels. Each of these shafts carries a completely toothed wheel which
receives motion from the partly toothed wheel above described, and a chain pinion
communicating by its chain and a similar pinion reciprocating circular motion to
the generator.
9th. Suction and force pumps at each side and outside of the vessels. These
pumps have for object to force air into the bags in case of leakago by any aperture;
they are worked by the excentrics on the driving shaft and are arranged 80
as to act only when thero is loss of air and to furnish just the quantity necessary.
10th. A fly wheel proportioned to the power of the apparatus for storing the
power and overcoming the dead points-it receives motion by a chain or bolt from
the driving shaft and carries at each end of its shaft an excentric which moves
the corresponding cam wheel so as to open and close alternately the distributors in
the reservoirs.
The working of the apparatus is as follows:-The distributor corresponding to
the bag of vessel No. 1 being open and the bag being inflated with air by means
of a blower or portable pump, it is made to dip into the vessel by turning the fly
wheel by hand. It thus gradually enters the water, and in proportion to its
immersion the air which it contains is driven by the pressure of the liquid into the
reservoir which is alrendy full of ambiant air, and when the bag reaches the bottom
of its course it is completely flattened, all its volume of air having passed to and
been compressed with the mass in the reservoir. At this moment the distributor

page_text: which was open is closed and the other two distributors are opened by the move-
ment of the excentric on the shaft of the fly wheel and the air compressed by the
maximum pressure passes by expansion into the balloon No. 1 which in extending
raises its cross-piece, moves the connecting rod and imparts a continuous circular
movement to the driving shaft and a reciprocating movement to the transmitting
shafts. Then while the cross-piece rises the crosspiece corresponding with the
balloon No. 2 descends and forces the air from this balloon into bag No. 2 which
is at rest while the bag of generator No. 2 descends to the bottom of the water
forcing the air into the reservoir and afterwards into its balloon by a like
movement; this produces a second impulse of the apparatus and the movement for
the bag of the first generator which has reached the bottom while discharging the
air into the reservoir while the balloon No. 1 sends its fluid into bag No. 2 which
in is turn is at rest and vice versa.
-
The result is a continuous movement that is to say, a natural motive power
apparatus which can be utilized wherever power is required, the strength of which
is in proportion to the height of the liquid column which produces the pressure
and to the capacity of the bags, and which is only limited by the strength of the
parts of which the mechanism is composed.
As mercury gives much more power than water for an equal bulk it can in
most cases be employed instead of water

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Thomas Charles Boutet in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
5th October 1882.
THOMAS CHARLES BOUTET of Boulevard Saint Denis No. 1 at Paris Engineer,
"AN IMPROVED MOTIVE POWER APPARATUS FOUNDED UPON THE APPLICATION OF
THE PRINCIPLES OF HYDROSTATICS AND AERIFORM FLUIDS
"
The motive power apparatus which forms the subject of this invention is based
on Mariotte's law of the "Compressibility and elasticity of gaseous fluids;" on
Pascal's principle of the " Transmission of pressure in all directions," and on
Archimede's principle of the "Theory of immersed bodies."
The annexed drawings represent an apparatus constructed according to my
Invention. It is composed of:
First. Two vessels A A' Figures 1 and 2 of galvanized iron or other material
whose sides are fixed to angle irons and are formed with iron ribs to ensuro
rigidity.
Second. An apparatus B B' which I call the generator in each vessel formed of
a tubo of rigid inetal and lenticular section, connected with a hollow nave whoso
central sections are prolonged at each side by round tubes forming an axis or
hollow shaft band which passing through the sides of the vessel is supported and
turns in bronze bearings and in obturators C C also of bronze placed outside and
which act as stuffing boxes. Each end of the lenticular tube has a rigid plate or
table D D (Figures 3 and 4) in the centre of which is an opening d communicating
with the bore of the tube. On each of these plates is fitted by means of a screw
a diaphragm of caoutchouc, leather, or impermeable fabric forming a supple and
flexible jacket E E. When it is extended this jacket which I will call a bag
takes the form of an ovoidal sector.
Third. At cach side outside the vessel and forming a prolongation of the
obturator is a bent tube F F of the same section; one of these tubes F descends
down the side of and underneath the vessel and is connected to the corresponding
reservoir by a distributor f, while the other tube F leads directly to the same
reservoir by the distributor f'.
Fourth. Two hermetically closed reservoirs of sheet metal G G' Figure 5 made
rigid by angle irons and Tirou ribs. Each reservoir is situated below a table HL
Figure 6; its capacity is so calculated as to profit by all the reduction rosulting
from the application of Mariotte's law on the compressibility of air. Within each
reservoir between the two distributors is mounted a shaft turning at one end in a
plummer block or bearing I and at the other carrying a bronzo conical piece in an
obturator J through which it passes to receive outside a cam wheel K-On the
said shaft is mounted internally a toothed wheel L gearing with toothed pinions
(Figure 7) mounted on the spindle of each distributor; and on the said shaft there
is also a level whoel M gearing with a bevel pinion m on the spindle of a vertical
distributor/"
Fifth. A tube N and N¹ in each reservoir carrying the cock O for putting the
apparatus in action and connecting tho reservoir to what 1 term a balloon P and P¹
which is made of caoutchouc jackelted with leather and is mounted on a wooden
base fixed to the table-To the tube N is connected a bent tube a which corre-
sponds alternately by branches (not shown) placed externally between tho
distributing tubes with the bags of the generator B and nice versa so that the air
of balloon passes into the bags of the generator B and that of balloon P into
those of the generator B. The axis of the cock carries a hand or pointer g

page_text: travelling before a graduated curved scale q¹ so that the speed and consequently
the power of the apparatus can be regulated by allowing the air to pass more or
less rapidly from the reservoir to the balloon.
Sixth. Malleable iron tables H carried on cast iron columns connected by
wrought iron stays. These tables support by means of cast iron chairs h h¹ the
driving shaft R which turns in plummer blocks or bearings and the cranks of
which carry the connecting rods at whose lower ends are jointed metallic cross
pieces y which act upon the balloons like pistons. These cross pieces have at each
end slides to run on vertical guides on the tables and chairs.
Seventh. The driving shaft R carrying between the connecting rods and the
cross pieces, (1) at the middle a chain pinion r transmitting motion by means of
its chain to the fly wheel; (2) excentrics which work the air pumps; (3) gear
wheels S only half of whose periphery is toothed and gearing at the proper time
with a completely toothed wheel on the transmitting shaft.
Eighth. Transmitting shafts T turning in plummer blocks or bearings at the
corners of the vessels. Ench of those shafts carries a completely toothed wheel S'
which receives motion from the wheel S, and a chain pinion S" communicating
by its chain and a similar pinion S reciprocating circular motion to the
generator.
Ninth. Suction and force pumps U at each side and outside of the vessels. These
pumps have for object to force air into the bags in case of leakage by any aperture;
they are worked by the excentrics on the driving shaft and are arranged
so as to act only when there is loss of air and to furnish just the quantity
necessary.
Tenth. A fly wheel V proportioned to the power of the apparatus, for storing
the power and overcoming the dead points; it receives motion by a chain or belt
from the driving shaft and carries at each end of its shaft an excentric X which
moves the corresponding can wheel K so as to open and close alternately the
distributors in the reservoirs.
The working of the apparatus is as follows:-The distributor corresponding to
the bag E of vessel A being open and the bag being inflated with air by means of
a blower or portable pump it is made to dip into the vessel by turning the fly wheel
by hand. It thus gradually enters the water, and in proportion to its immersion
the air which it contains is driven by the pressure of the liquid into the reservoir
which is already full of ambiant air, and when the bag reaches the bottom of its
course it is completely flattened, all its volume of air having passed to and been
compressed with the mass in the reservoir. At this moment the distributor f is
closed and the distributors f¹ fll are opened by the movement of the excentric on
the shaft of the fly wheel and the air compressed by the maximum pressure passes
by expansion into the balloon P which in extending raises its cross piece, moves
the connecting rod and imparts a continuous circular movement to the driving shaft
and a reciprocating movement to the transmitting shafts. Then while the cross
piece y rises the cross piece y' corresponding with the balloon P' descends and forces
the air from this balloon into the bag E which is at rest while the bag E of the
generator B' descends to the bottom of the water forcing the air into the reservoir
and afterwards into its balloon by a like movement; this produces a second impulso
of the apparatus and the movement for the bag E' of the first generator which
has reached the bottom while discharging the air into the reservoir while the
balloon P sends its fluid into the bag E which in its turn is at rest and vice versa.
The result is a continuous movement, that is to say a natural motive power
apparatus which can be utilized wherever power is required, the strength of which
is in proportion to the height of the liquid column which produces the pressure and
to the capacity of the bags, and which is only limited by the strength of the parts
of which the mechanism is composed,
As mercury gives much more power than water for an equal bulk it can in most
cases be employed instead of water.
It will be readily understood that fone alia
17

page_text: apparatus for traction, navigation or aerostation. The apparatus may be mado
single acting. The vessels A A' can be made of cast iron in one piece or of wood
lined with zinc and in many cases they may be sunk in the ground and made
watertight by cement-The reservoirs may be made of iron or of wood lined with
metal The distributors and obturators can be cast in iron; the tubes made of
sheet iron or zinc. A double jacket can be applied to the bags and balloons; and
the feed pumps can be replaced by blowers or pumps based on the principles of
hydrostatics.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention and in what manner the
sane is to be performed. I declare that I claim
First. The improved motive power apparatus based on the principles of hydro-
statics and aeriform fluids, constructed and acting substantially as hereinbefore
described and represented in the annexed drawings.
Second. The arrangement for distributing the air substantially as hereinbefore
described and represented in the annexed drawings.
Third. The arrangement composed of the rotary generators B B¹ with double tube
of lenticular section for conveying the air under pressure at the desired moment to
the balloons PP so as to effect a driving action on the cross pieces y substantially
as hereinbefore described and represented in the annexed drawings.
in witness whereof I the said Thomas Charles Boutet have hereunto set my
hand and seal this third day of October One thousand eight hundred and
eighty two.
THOMAS CHARLES BOUTET (Ls.)
Witness:
ALBERT CANEN
Civil Engineer
of Boulevard Saint Denis 1
at Paris.