IMPROVEMENTS IN Locks
Year: 1841

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, wc, JAMES
"TILDESLEY, of Willow Hall, in "the County of Stafford, Factor, and JOSEPII
SANDERS, of Wolverhampton, in the same County, Lock Manufacturer, send
'greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Twenty-ninth day of March, in the fourth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant us, the said
James Tildesley and Joseph Sanders, Her especial licence, full power, solo
privilege and authority, that we, the said James Tildesley and Joseph
Sanders, our exors, adiñors, and assigns, or such others as we, the said James
Tildesley and Joseph Sanders, our exors, admors, or assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during
the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-
Tweed, our Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN Locks;" in which said Letters
Patent is contained a proviso, that we, the said James Tildesley and Joseph
Sanders, or one of us, shall cause a particular description of the nature of
said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters
Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully
and at large appear.

page_text: James Tild ley and Joseph Sanders, do hereby declare the nature of our said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully
described and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference
being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters
marked thereon (that is to say):
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figures 1 and 2 show the two inside views of a lock, showing it in Figure 1
as being unlocked, and in Figure 2 as being partly locked; the other Figures
show the parts separately, and the same letters of reference are used to indi-
cate the same parts in each of the Figures, and the peculiarity of the lock
consists in the sliding bolt being composed of several parts, whereby it at once
acts as a bolt and the tumblers, by which greater security is obtained.
:
a, a, is the case of the lock with the inner plate removed, in order to the
nature of the internal parts being seen; b is a sliding plate, which constitutes
.part of the sliding bolt of the lock; .c is a pin affixed to the case of the lock,
and on this pin or stop the bolt moves when acted on by the key d. The
sliding plate carries four tumblers e, e, e, e, by means of the pin or axis f
on which the tumblers move, and these tumblers are so cut at e', as to slide
.over the pin c when properly acted on by a key, the openings at e' in the
different tumblers being varied as to require to be lifted to different heights in
order that they may all pass the pin or stop c, and unless, there be a proper
key used, the tumblers will not be correctly raised to move on the pin c, but
will be stopped by that pin, if they or either of them be too much or too little
raised, as is well understood by locksmiths, and in common use in other
tumbler locks, and the same may be varied, this part of the Invention not
depending on the number of tumblers or the peculiarity of the cuts to prevent
.the lock being picked. This part of the Invention relating to the mode of
constructing a sliding bolt, by combining the parts b, e, e, in the manner
shown; 9, 9, are the springs of the various tumblers e, e, such springs being
affixed on the sliding plate of the bolt 6. By this arrangement of lock great
simplicity of parts is obtained, offering all the security of the more complex
and costly tumbler locks.
Figures 3,.4, and 5 shew interior views of another arrangement of lock,
similar in respect to the construction of sliding bolt b, e, e, to that above
described; but in this lock the tumblers are not interfered with by the pin or
stop c, as above described, but a detecting apparatus is applied, by which in
case of a false key being used, and the tumblers consequently not correctly.

page_text: acted on, they will be the means of bringing the detecting apparatus into
action, and thus lock or stop the bolt b, e, é, from being slided back. The
other Figures of this Drawing show the separate parts of: the "lock, and two
cross sections, whereby the nature and action of the parts: will be better under-
stood than by the Figures 3, 4, and 5 alone. In this lock, the surfaces against
which the key acts will be cut according to the key, and will be varied in
order that the samė kėy may not open several locks, all which is well under-
stood in the making of tumbler locks.. 6 are notches cut in the plate b, as is
shown;h, h; are two crank levers moving on axis i, i; affixed to the cover or
caso of the lock a, a;.these levers at h¹ are attached by pin joints to the rod j
To the rod jis attached one end of the forked lever le by a pin joint, such
lever moving on.an axis k¹, as is shown, and it will be seen that at the end of.
each of the. tumblers eis formed a projection e', which when the tumblers are
correctly raised, pass between the end of the levers h at h³; but when the
tumblers or some one or more of them are acted on incorrectly, the end of
the tumbler being raised too much or too little, will come against one or other
of the ends of the levers h at h², as is indicated by the position of the parts in
Figure 5, by which means the end ¹ of one of the levers h will come into
one of the notches of the plate b, and thus prevent the bolt b, e, e, being
moved back till the proper key is introduced, which; causing the tumblers to
be correctly placed, will allow of the key setting the parts correctly by the
lever k, all which will readily be traced on examining the Drawing now under
description; and it should be remarked that the lever k moves stiffly on its
axes in order that it may retain any position to which it may be moved by the
action of the tumblers or the proper key. We would remark, that when
desired, locks, with either lever or sliding latch bolts of the ordinary con--
struction, may be used in conjunction with the sliding bolts b, e, e.
We will now describe the second part of our Invention, which relates to a
mode of applying sliding tumblers to the sliding bolts of locks; in this part of
our Invention the sliding bolt is of the ordinary construction. Figures 6, 7,
and 8' shew three interior views of a lock according to this part of our In-
vention, but in each view the parts are in different positions, by which their
action will be more readily traced, and be more quickly understood. Figure
9 is a transverse section of the lock, the other Figures shewing separate parts
of the lock. is, the sliding bolt, the nature of which is clearly shewn in the
Drawing, the bolt being guided and supported at the points ', ', as is shewn;
m is a projection affixed to the case a, a, of the lock; this projection passes
through the slot m' formed in each of the tumblers m, m, of which there are
three shewn, but this number may be varied. In each of these tumblers.

page_text: there is a slit m³ formed, which when all the tumblers are correctly acted on
by the key, causes the slits m² all to range in such manner that when the bolt
Z and the tumbler n is moved by the key, the projection o on the tumbler n
will enter into the slits m² of the tumblers m, and thus allow of the bolt 1 being
slided back by the key; but should the tumbler n or either of the tumblers m
not be correctly acted on, then the stop or projection o would not pass into the
slits m³, and consequently the bolt could not be forced back. The tumbler n
is carried by the bolt 7, and slides with it, but is capable of being raised up
and down by the key; it sliding on a pin p affixed to the bolt 7, such pin-p
passing into a slot formed in the tumbler n, as is shewn.
We would remark that in respect to this lock as well as the others above
described, we have not thought it necessary to shew the slightly varying
shapes of surfaces of the different tumblers at those parts where the keys act,.
as these will be varied in each lock; as heretofore has been the case, in other
arrangements of tumbler locks, and which is well understood; q is the spring
of the tumbler; n and r are the springs of the tumblers m. In using this
arrangement of bolt and tumblers, there may be locks made with latch bolts
when desired, this part of our Invention being confined to' the mode of com-
bining the tumblers with the sliding bolt.
We will now describe the third part of our Invention, which. consists of a
peculiarly formed sliding and lever catch bolt. Figures 10 and 11 shew two
interior views of a'lock constructed according to this part of our Invention.
Figure 12 is a transverse section; Figure 13 is an edge and back view of the
lock; Figure 14 shews one of the tumblers separately, all the tumblers being
similar to each other excepting where the key acts, such parts being different
onc from the other, according to the key, as is well understood in forming tum-
blers. Figure 15 shews the sliding plate of which the sliding bolt is partly
composed. The tumblers s, s, of which there are three shewn, (but this number
may be varied in constructing locks according to this part of the Invention,)
move on an axis & affixed to the sliding plate t. It will be seen that when
this lock is unlocked, the bolt t, s, s, will be within the lock, but when locked
the bolt t, s, s, will be protruded out and lock into the plate v, and so soon as
the tumblers are forced out by the key they are caused by their springs to
move on their axis, and by such' means 'the notches will catch on the
plate v, as is shewn at Figure 11, and 'the bolt s, t, will not be capable
of being withdrawn by any key unless it cause all the tumblers s. to
range correctly together; for, should either of the tumblers be too much moved
by a key, the tumbler so-pressed would be cause to iucline too much in the
opposite direction to that shewn at Figure 11, and thus cause the catch s³ to:
'

page_text: prevent the bolt being moved inwards, and if any of the tumblers should be
moved too little, then the catch s will not be removed, and the bolt s, t, will
not be moved inwards by such a key; and in order to prevent any flat instru--
ment being inserted between the plate and the recess into which the bolt
locks in order to pick the lock, the tumblers are caused to range in different
levels, as is indicated by the shape of the opening in the plate v; hence the
introduction of a flat surface will not be the means of placing the tumblers
into a correct position for allowing a false key unlocking the bolt. This
arrangement of lock is suitable for drawers and other uses.
Having thus described the nature of our said Invention, and the manner of
carrying the same into effect, we would have it understood that what we claim
as the first part of our Invention is, the mode of constructing sliding bolts of
locks by the combined using of the parts b, e, e,; and wo also claim the mode
of applying a detector to such description of sliding bolts b, e, e.
Secondly, we claim the mode of combining tumblers m and n and bolt 7, as
above described.
And, thirdly, we claim the mode of combining tumblers s, s, and sliding
plate t, as described in respect to Figures 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Sanders, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-ninth day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-one.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-ninth day of September,
in the year of our Lord 1841, the aforesaid Joseph Sanders came before our
said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to
the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Twenty-ninth day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and forty-one.