matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF MECHANISM APPLICABLE TO LOOMS, AND PARTLY TO CARDING ENGINES AND OTHER MACHINERY
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Walker at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th May
1863.
I, JOHN WALKER, of Crompstall Bridge, near Stockport, in the County of
Chester, Mechanic, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF MECHANISM APPLICABLE TO LOOMS, AND
PARTLY TO CARDING ENGINES AND OTHER MACHINERY," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates, firstly, to the construction of excentrics or cranks,
their connecting links or rods, and their combination with the driving pulley,
disc, or other mechanism, such mechanism being applicable to looms and to
the doffing motions of carding engines, and to other machinery where excentric
or crank motions are required. And my improvements consist in making the
connecting links or rods with a slit in them lengthway from the hole in which
the excentric or crank works, and in placing a screw through the link or rod,
so as to be able to close or open the slit, and thus tighten or slacken the grasp
of the link or rod upon the excentric or crank. In fitting the connecting rod
to work against the side of a pulley or disc, my Invention consists in boring
the hole in the link or rod for the excentric or crank, so as to leave a shoulder
on the inside, the excentric or crank pin being made with a shoulder to corre-
spond, so that when secured to the side of the disc or pulley the link or rod
will be prevented from moving sideways or getting from the excentric or
crank. In fitting an excentric to a pulley working upon a stud, as now com-
monly used for the doffing motion of carding engines, the excentric rod or link

page_text: is made as above described, and the excentric is made with a hole in it to fit
upon a boss from the pulley, which is secured to the excentric by a screw
passing through a hole in the pulley. In applying the connecting link or rod
to a crank made in a shaft the block which enters the hole in the link is made
in two halves.
The second part of my Invention relates to the taking-up roller of looms,
and consists in forming such rollers of wrought sheet iron, or in covering them
with wrought sheet iron roughened on the surface, when rolled cold or hot, by
being passed through rollers which have roughened surfaces.
AN IMPROVED WARMING PAN
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
August 1868. A communication from abroad by Joseph Gineston, of
Entraygues, France.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROONAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED WARMING PAN," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in constructing warming pans for containing hot
water, as hereafter described. The pan or reservoir for the hot water may be
of copper, iron, zinc, porcelain, or other suitable material. When made of
metal it may be plain, tinned, or varnished inside or outside, or galvanized, or
dipped in an electro-metallic bath, or decorated outside by painting. It may
be formed in one piece or in two pieces united by soldering, riveting, brazing,
or otherwise. A socket or holder for receiving the handle is fixed at back by
soldering, brazing, or otherwise. To allow of the introduction of hot water I
fit a screwed orifice or neck to the side of the pan, and close it by a screwed
cap or stopper; in order to make the closing hermetic I place an india-rubber
washer or packing between the cap or stopper and the neck. When the pan
is of porcelain, earthenware, glass, or similar material, the socket or holder
and the neck may be formed in a piece with it, and the whole may be
decorated by paint, varnish, ornamental designs in relief, or otherwise. By
removing the handle the pan may be used as a foot warmer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PROJECTILES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Theophilus Marsh, at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th October
1863.
I, THEOPHILUS MARSH, of Sheffield, in the County of York, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PROJECTILES,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention is applicable both to solid shot and to shells or other pro-
jectiles to be used with ordnance, and also to bullets or projectiles used with
small arms, such projectiles not being spherical but of an elongated form.
The object of the Invention is to give to the projectile a rotary or spinning
motion round its longer axis when fired from a smooth bore gun similar to
that produced by rifling, so that elongated projectiles can be fired with
accuracy from smooth bore guns.
In carrying out this Invention I make the body of the shot or projectile
cylindrical, and so as accurately to fit the bore of the barrel, and at the rear
end of the projectile I form a series of radial inclined planes meeting at a
point in the centre, and cut or formed to a greater or lesser depth at the
circumference as may be found to produce the best effect. In most cases I
propose to make the front or forward end of the projectile of a conical formi,
but in some cases I also propose to form similar inclined planes in front also,
but in the opposite direction to those at the rear, so that the action of the air
on the former shall assist the rotary motion imparted by the force of the

page_text: powder against the rear. In some instances I also propose instead of making
the inclined planes radiate in straight lines from the centre to form them of a
cycloidal or other suitable curve.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PREVENTING THE ESCAPE OF FUMES AND MATTERS FROM FURNACES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Radley and Duncan McColl
at the Office of the Cominissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
9th April 1863.
We, JAMES RADLEY, junior, of Pocket Nook Smelting Works, in Saint
Helen's, in the County of Lancaster, Smelter of Ores, and DUNCAN MCCOLL,
of the same Place, Manager to the said James Radley, do hereby declare the
nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PREVENTING THE ESCAPE OF
FUMES AND MATTERS FROM FURNACES," to be as follows:-
It is well known that in many metallurgical operations where the smelting
of oro and metal is carried on in a reverberatory furnace that a large quantity
of matter containing metal is carried mechanically in a solid state and in fine
powder along with the gascous products escaping from the furnace, and that
such matters are not only hurtful to vegetation, but their escape is a positive
loss to the smelter, seeing they contain a large quantity of the metal which it
is the object of the smelting operation to obtain.
Now, our Invention has for its object to prevent this escape and to obtaiu
a valuable material, and at the same time to lessen, if not entirely to prevent,
any nuisance arising from such operations. And for this purpose we proposo
to cause the current of gases from the furnace on their way to the chimney to
pass through the interstices of a quantity of some incombustible substance,
broken into pieces of suitable size, so that the gases will, to a great extent, be
deprived of the matter carried along with them, by what may be termed filtra-

page_text: tion.
And as the spaces between the pieces of brick, slag, or whatever
incombustible substance is used must necessarily be soon filled up, we propose
to arrange the material that the matter or fume deposited may be removed
without suspending or impeding the working of the furnaces. For this
purpose the incombustible material is contained in an iron framework or crate;
this framework is made of the same height and width as the culvert which
leads to the chimney, and the culvert is arranged so that the framework can
be readily introduced into and removed from it. By this means, when the
framework is filled with incombustible material and is inserted in the culvert,
the current of gases from the furnace must pass through the interstices between
the material in it. The culvert is, by preference, arranged so that two or
more frameworks may be introduced into it, in order that before removing one
framework from the culvert another one may be introduced into it.
We also propose to apply the Invention above mentioned to prevent the
escape of smoke from engine and other furnaces where coal is used, by
retaining the solid particles which escape from the chimney, constituting what
is commonly called smoke.
AN IMPROVED MIXED FABRIC, AND IN THE APPLICATION THEREOF TO COVERING UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Thomson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th September
1863.
I, ROBERT THOMSON, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Silk
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED MIXED FABRIC, AND IN THE APPLICATION THEREOF TO COVERING
UMBRELLAS AND PARASOLS," to be as follows:-
The Invention consists, first, in an improved fabric to be made by
employing a warp of silk and weft of polished or "lustre finished" thread
(instead of in its unfinished state), these are to be woven together in the same
and well known manner as fabrics composed entirely of silk, either twilled or
plain, and not to be woven or combined so as to form a cotton back and silk
face as hitherto in the manufacture of "serges," for instance.
A second part of the Invention consists particularly in the application and
adaptation of the fabric so produced to the covering of umbrellas, parasols, or
"sun shades," as a substitute for fabrics composed entirely of silk, the advan-
tages derived from the combination of "polished weft" and silk are, that the
appearance is equal to silk, and the fabric is not more bulky, but is more
durable and less expensive.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR GRINDING CARDS USED IN CARDING ENGINES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Faulkner, John Berry,
and George Harrison at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 10th November 1863.
We, SAMUEL FAULKNER, of Blackley, in the County of Lancaster, Cotton
Spinner, JOHN BERRY, of Newton Heath, in the said County, Gentleman,
and GEORGE HARRISON, of Blackley aforesaid, Mechanic, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR GRINDING
CARDS USED IN CARDING ENGINES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in a novel arrangement of apparatus in which a
revolving grinding surface is employed, caused also to traverse along the cards
to be ground by means of an endless chain. The grinding surface we mount
upon a shaft, made hollow by preference, provided with a groove, into which
a key projects, and thus the said surface is permitted to slide, and at the same
time revolve with the shaft. The endless chain is connected to brackets
which extend from collars formed upon the axis of the grinding surface by a
jointed lever, slot, or equivalent apparatus which travels around the guide
pullies over which the said chain passes; or, in place of this arrangement, we
use a plain stationary shaft, and connect the driving parts to the grinding
surface, so that the whole is caused to traverse together.
IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR MANUFACTURING TILES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ephraim Ivett at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th June
1863.
J, EPHRAIM IVETT, of Bedford, Brick and Tile Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR
MANUFACTURING TILES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to make ornamental tiles in a more
economical and efficient manner than heretofore. The class of tiles to which
this Invention refers is that which has an upper edge corrugated, scalloped, or
brought to any other desired ornamental figure suitable for garden borders or
the ridges of roofs. Hitherto when manufacturing these tiles by machinery
the clay has been forced out of the dies in a continuous block, carrying the
ornament on its upper edge, and by means of wires the clay has been sliced
off into thin slabs or tiles; but this mode of manufacturing produces very
indifferent tiles owing to the unequal pressure to which the clay is exposed.
To remedy this I propose to force out the clay from the dies in sheets
corresponding in thickness to the thickness of tile desired, and in breadth to
the length of the tile, the same being received on to a travelling bed composed
of a series of endless cloths passing around horizontal rollers. Between
these sheets, at suitable distances apart, I mount knives or cutters, the edges
of which take the shape of the ornamental edge desired to be imparted to the
tiles. These knives receive a vertical motion for the purpose of rising up
through the sheet of clay so soon as it has been delivered on to the travelling

page_text: bed, and thereby severing the sheet. There may be one, two, or more of
these knives working simultaneously and severing the sheet of clay. They
will always have a tendency to remain in a depressed position, and will
thus present no obstruction to the traverse of the clay, but when raised by a
lever or equivalent mechanism they will cut through the clay, each knife
forming simultaneously the ornamental edges of two tiles if the pattern is
such as to interlock. The knives when depressed enter a trough fixed below
them and supplied with water or oil. They will, therefore, every time they
rise from the trough be wetted sufficiently to prevent the clay adhering to
them. Immediately above the knives are fixed cross bars which prevent the
clay from rising with the knives and ensure thereby a clean cut.. In some
cases it may be desirable that the knives shall rise through slotted plates
provided to support the clay at the spaces between the endless cloths. For
ensuring the sheet of clay taking, and when severed maintaining a proper
central position on the travelling table, I provide small vertical guide rollers,
in contact with which the edges of the sheet of clay will travel. The clay I
further cut up by means of wires which divide the lengths of clay, formed by
the knives into two, thus forming the same into tiles.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STREET PILLAR LETTER BOXES AND BAGS FOR THE RECEPTION OF POST LETTERS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Winchcomb at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th August
1863.
1, HENRY WINCпCOMB, of 3, China Walk, Lambeth, London, Labourer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STREET
PILLAR LETTER BOXES AND BAGS FOR THE RECEPTION OF POST LETTERS," to be as
follows, and consists in having two openings for receiving the letters, one for
town letters and the other for those for the country. Inside each of these
openings thore is a shoot to guide the letters into a bag having a partition, so
that the town and country letters are kept apart. The top of this bag is so
fashion'd that when open'd and put into the pillar it just fits the inside with
the partition stretching across in the middle, the town letters being received in
the town compartment, and those for the country in the other. On each side
of the bag there is a projecting hook, by which it is suspended by two sliding
bolts fixed to the inside of the pillar, and when so placed, the door is secured
with lock and key. In addition to the door being lock'd, the bolt of the lock
pushes back the front sliding bolt, so that the bag bangs by the back hook and
bolt, & the front hook, and lock bolt. On unlocking the door, the front hook
is disengaged, when the bag is instantly closed by a spring at the partition; at
the same time the partition is also closed by a spring, so that the letters
cannot be mixed. To prevent the possibility of letters being taken out of the

page_text: pillar by any kind of instrument, there is a movable stop at the botton of each
shoot, so that when the fall-down door of the outside is lifted, this stop is
placed to shut the bottom of the shoot, and thereby prevent anything being
passed down, but on the outer cover falling down this stop is removed, and
the shoot is again open.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CERTAIN APPARATUS FOR INJECTING AND EJECTING FLUIDS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew Barclay and Alexander
Morton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 20th March 1863.
We, ANDREW BARCLAY and ALEXANDER MORTON, Engineers, both of
Kilmarnock, in the County of Ayr, North Britain, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CERTAIN APPARATUS FOR
INJECTING AND EJECTING FLUIDS," to be as follows (that is to say) :-
This Invention relates to an apparatus whereby the ejection of water or
other fluid causes the injection of water or other fluid without the intervention
of pumps or other moving machinery.
One mode in which this Invention may be carried out consists in the placing
of two flat or curved discs parallel, or nearly so, and near to each other, but
with a small space between. One of these discs with a pipe or pipes attached
communicates with the actuating fluid by an orifice through the centre of the
disc, whilst the other disc with its pipe or pipes attached communicates with
the water or other fluid to be actuated upon by an orifice at some distance
from its centre, this orifice may be either a ring of holes, slits, or openings of
any similar kind. When steam or other actuating fluid is admitted through
the orifice in the centre of the former said disc, it impinges against the solid
centre of the latter disc, and radiates in a thin sheet between the two towards
their circumference; this motion causes the fluid now acted upon to be drawn

page_text: or forced through the ring of holes, slits, or other openings, and carried along
with the actuating fluid for the purpose of being injected or ejected. When
arranged for the purpose of feeding water into steam boilers the discs may be
surrounded by a suitable casing, so as to collect and concentrate the water
previous to its entering the boiler, or the apparatus may be set into the boiler
itself, and the discs wholly surrounded by the water contained therein; in this
case no casing may be required to collect the entering water, but merely the
pipes and cocks communicating with the apparatus. An overflow pipe may be
conveniently arranged and connected with one of the discs by forming a com-
munication between the discs at some distance from their centres by means of
holes, slits, or other openings.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SPRING MATTRESSES, SOFAS, CHAIRS, SEATS, AND SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th May 1868.-A communication from abroad by Marc Louis Denis,
of Paris, France.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in tho City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SPRING MATTRESSES, SOFAS, CHAIRS, SEATS, AND SIMILAR
ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to those mattresses, sofas, chairs, scats, and similar
articles in which springs are employed, and has mainly for its object the
fastening of the springs without the aid of strings, of sewing, or of nails as
hitherto. At each corner of a frame of laths or plates I fix a vertical tube,
and at cach corner of a similar frame I fix a vertical rod. I place one frame
upon or over the other, so that each of the vertical rods may enter one of the
vertical tubes, and I retain the rods in the tubes by nuts or by grooves
formed on the tubes. I placo helical or other springs between the two
frames, and fix them by means of claws formed on the laths or plates by a
suitable tool or otherwise. Upon a person lying or sitting on the mattress or
other article the springs will be compressed, and the upper frame will descend
to an extent proportionate to the weight it bears, and when the person rises
the springs and upper frame will resume their original position. Or I form
mattresses, seats, and other articles of two boxes or cases without bottoms,
one of which is free to slide in the other, and retained thereiu by flanges;
one of the boxes also carries flanges for supporting two frames of laths

page_text: or plates, between which the springs are held. The extent to which tho
upper box is permitted to descend upon a weight being put upon it may be
regulated by forming grooves in one box and corresponding projections upon
the other box. I prefer to form the tubes employed, as before described, in
two parts by cutting and stamping, and to connect the two parts by screw
rings or otherwise.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Robinson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th September
1863.
I, JOHN ROBINSON, of Batley, in the County of York, Stone Mason, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM
BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES," to be as follows:-
The object of the improvements is to effect the consumption of the smoke in
steam boiler and other furnaces whilst at the same time considerable saving
in the cost of fuel is also effected. For this purpose I form the fire-bridge
hollow, with a passage or passages from the ash-pit below and under a dead
plate, upwards over the dead plate at the back end of the fire-bars where
such passage or passages open in a direction towards the mouth or feed end of
the fire-place, in order that air from the ash-pit may pass up such passage
or passages, and in passing out therefrom into the fire-place may be directed
by the form of such passages to meet the smoke and products of combustion
as they pass over such fire-bridge and effect the combustion of the smoke
produced. The entrance to the passage or passages in the fire-bridge is
provided with a door or doors.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS USED FOR BREWING
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Lumley Clifton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd December 1868.
I, RICHARD LUMLEY CLIFTON, of Timberland, near Sleaford, in the County
of Lincoln, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS USED FOR BREWING," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus used when
brewing. For these purposes in order that the several processes of boiling the
water, of mashing, of acting on the hops, and of boiling the worts may be
conducted more advantageously, and with a view to reduce the first cost of
the vessels employed, the several processes above referred to are conducted in
one vessel, which is divided into four compartments, one below the other, and
all the four compartments are heated by a common steam pipe, which has a
separate branch to heat each compartment, and each branch is provided with
a cock or valve to shut off and regulate the supply of steam to each compart-
At the upper part of the building a water cistern is placed in such
position as to supply the upper compartment of the apparatus with water
wherein it is caused to boil. The bottom of the boiling compartment forms
the top of the mashing tun or compartment, and there is a supply pipe, with:
cock or valve from the boiler, by which the boiling water is run into the
mashing tun or second compartment of the apparatus. Around the lower
part of the mashing compartment is a jacket to receive steam or water for
maintaining the desired temperature in the mashing tun or compartment.

page_text: Near the bottom of the mashing tun is a perforated partition or strainer, and
there is a pipe and cock below the mashing compartment by which the worts
are drawn off from the mashing compartment into the next compartment,
where the worts are divided into numerous streams, which descend on to the
hops which are placed between two perforated plates. From this compart-
ment of the apparatus the worts are drawn off into the boiler or lowest
compartment wherein the worts are boiled. In the side of the mashing com-
partment, also in the side of the hop compartment, and in the lowest compart-
ment there is a man hole or opening. The steam or vapours passing off from
the several compartments is conducted away to a suitable chimney or outlet
pipe. The condensed steam from the heating apparatus is conveyed to a
steam boiler.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ARRANGEMENT OR FITTING OF AXLES FOR RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Martyn John Roberts at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st August
1863.
I, MARTYN JOHN ROBERTS, of Pendarren House, near Crickhowell, in the
County of Brecon, Esquire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ARRANGEMENT OR FITTING OF AXLES FOR RAILWAY
AND OTHER CARRIAGES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in a method of permitting each wheel and its axle of
the carriage freely to rotate independently of the other wheels and axles, while
at the same time I support the axles in such a manner as to release them, as
much as is thereby possible, from the injurious influence of the oscillations of
the carriage body. By this arrangement I prevent that wear and strain on
the wheels, axles, and surface of the road, which take place under the usual
arrangement of railway carriage axles whenever the wheels differ from each
other in diameter, or the line of road is curved, or when the breaks are
applied. To obtain this desirable end whilst using a separate axle for every
wheel, the wheel being fixed to one end thereof, supporting that end in a
manner well known, I support the other end of the axle by one or more of
the other axles of the carriage, either by a frame, collar, or bearing, or by
some other suitable contrivance.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER GAUGES APPLICABLE TO STEAM BOILERS AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel James Healey at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th October
1863.
I, SAMUEL JAMES HEALEY, of the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER GAUGES APPLICABLE TO STEAM BOILERS AND OTHER
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in improved modes of keeping the tubes tight in
their sockets, and allowing them free expansion. Instead of pressing the tubes
at the sides by packing, I cause them to be pressed at their ends, so that great
force may be exerted upon them without fracture. The ends of the tube are
placed in sockets provided with india-rubber washers, cement, or other material
for making the joint, and to one of the sockets is connected a double diaphragm
consisting of two plates of metal brazed or soldered together at their edges, so
as to form an expanding or contracting cavity. One of the plates is con-
nected to the socket communicating with the boiler or other vessel, and each
plate has a hole for leading to the interior of the glass tube and to the
interior of the double diaphragm, into which the steam or other agent enters
and expands it according to the pressure, which thereby exerts a corresponding
pressure upon the ends of the tube and maintains it perfectly tight, and when
desired a spiral spring may be introduced between the plates of the double
diaphragm to assist the pressure.
In some cases I employ two or more rods placed through holes in the sockets

page_text: which hold the tube. The rods have heads at one end and screws and nuts at
the other end, and under the heads are placed spiral or other springs. When
the tube is placed in the sockets, the nuts are turned upon the screws and
tighten the sockets upon the ends of the tube, the springs under the heads
allowing the tube free expansion. The aforesaid rods may be used with or
without the diaphragm, and all the improvements may be applied to old as
well as new gauges.
AN IMPROVED PORTABLE COPYING PRESS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederic Holthausen at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
May 1868.
I, FREDERIC HOLTHAUSEN, of No. 40, Ruo de Richelieu, in the City of
Paris, in the Empire of France, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the naturo
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED PORTABLE COPYING PRESS," to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is to construct a simple and
simple and inexpensivo
portable copying press.
In carrying out this Invention I construct a strong rectangular box open
at one or both ends, and rather larger in length, breadth, and thickness than
the book in which the letters or other papers are to be copied. A screw,
furnished with a winch bandle, is mounted longitudinally in bearings fixed to
the lower side or bottom of the box, and carries a screw nut, which, as the
screw is turned, slides in a mortise formed in the centre of the bottom of the
box, the said mortise forming a guide for the said screw nut. Inside the box is
placed a loose plate of iron or hard wood, provided with a wedge, which is of
the same size as and fits into the aforesaid mortise, the thin end of the wedge
being immediately in front of the screw nut when in its normal position.
This wedge is divided longitudinally in the middle to leave room for the scrow.
It will be evident that upon turning the screw by means of the winch handle
the screw nut will be caused to advance, and acting upon the wedge will cause
the loose plate to rise and exert a corresponding pressure upon the book or

page_text: other article that may be placed between it and the top of the box. A metal
plate covering the mortise is screwed on to the bottom of the box below,
serving as a point of resistance to the screw nut, which rests on it, and thus
preventing the bending downwards of the scrow by the prossure.
AN IMPROVED KNEADING MACHINE
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th December 1863.-A communication from abroad by Jean Antoine
Kautret, of No. 15, Passage des Petites Ecuries, Paris, France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son, of
No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED KNEADING
MACHINE," (a communication to me from abroad by Jean Antoine Kautret,
of No. 15, Passage des Petites Ecuries, Paris, France,) to be as follows:-
This improved kneading machine is composed of a horizontal shaft carrying
arms which in rotating gear into other arms fixed to the sides of the kneading
trough. These two arrangements of arms are set wedgewise to each other so
as to press the dough and render it fit for making bread. The flour is run into
a hopper, from which it spreads into a box or case forming regulator, and from
which it falls gradually into the kneading trough in quantities regulated by
the workman according to requirement. This arrangement of regulator and
the wedge shape of the arms, the whole made of wood, are the essential
characteristics of this Invention. The gradual escape of the flour from the
regulator to the kneader is effected by means of two small moveable boards,
one of which is more or less pressed by a screw against a roller which regulates
the quantity to be permitted to fall at one time into the kneading trough.
Rotation is given to the horizontal shaft by toothed gearing, and a fly wheel and
band in connection with the motor, which may be steam or horse power. This

page_text: same toothed gearing by means of a band passing over a small pulley serves
at the same time to work the roller which regulates the quantity of flour which
is to fall into the kneader. A press screw serves to raise at pleasure one of
the ends of the trough to facilitate removal of the dough and cleansing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENING TOGETHER THE PARTS OF SHIPS AND VESSELS, AND IN RESPECT TO THE MORE EFFICIENT CAULKING OF THE SEAMS THEREOF
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Saunders at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th November
1863.
I, ROBERT SAUNDERS, of Croydon, in the County of Surrey, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
FASTENING TOGETHER THE PARTS OF SHIPS AND VESSELS, AND IN RESPECT TO THE
MORE EFFICIENT CAULKING OF THE SEAMS THEREOF," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in securing the planking, whether for bottoms,
sides, or decks and other parts of ships and vessels, whether constructed of
iron or of wood, to the beams or other analagous portions or framing thereof,
which I effect by means of what I term T or half г-headed screws screwed
in alongside the said beams or analagous parts or framing, and so that the
heads of the said screws shall project over portions of the surfaces of the
beams or framing, thus firmly securing the parts of ships and vessels together.
For caulking I would make grooves in the edges of the planking, or intro-
duce metal to form what may be termed a holding surface in the seam, in
place of the smooth surface as at present in the seams of planking or decks.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METALS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Whitley, John Buckingham
Pope, and John Watson Burton at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 23rd April 1863.
We, JOSEPH WHITLEY, JOHN BUCKINGHAM POPE, and JOHN WATSON
BURTON, all of Leeds, in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METALS," to be
as follows:-
We generate steam from water mixed with bydrocarbon oils, and pass the
vapours through charcoal at a red heat, which vapours we use in conjunction
with atmospheric air or apart from it in smelting or refining iron, copper, and
other metals containing sulphur.
NEW TILES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Noirot at the Office of
the Commissioners. of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th Sep-
tember 1863.
I, ALFRED NOIROT, of No. 61, Rue Pigale, in the City of Paris, France,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "NEW TILES," to be
as follows:-
Being convinced that every possible use has not been made of the earths
employed in the manufacture of delph or earthenware, of the raw material of
stoneware, and of the kaolins or porcelain clays, I propose to apply and employ
them in the manufacture of tiles, and further, by giving to these tiles certain
forms and properties, to obtain a new product, which, as regards solidity,
beauty, designs, and effects to be obtained will afford novel and important
advantages.
In the manufacture of these tiles 1. purpose using the processes already
known, nevertheless if for ordinary earthenware, stoneware, and porcelains
new methods are used, I propose for these tiles to use metal or wooden moulds
capable of bearing a certain pressure; I may also moisten my earths less.
For the baking and enamelling I propose to use the ordinary processes, only
I use those known methods which give the products the greatest possible
strength and resistance. These new tiles may receive any shape, nevertheless
I desire specially to reserve to myself the following with its variations, as the
most susceptible of profiting. from the advantages of the new raw materials,
namely, the joint or dovetail tiles, illustrated on the annexed Sheets of
Drawing forming part of this my Provisional Specification.

page_text: Sheet 1 representing top and bottom of a tile having a lozenge in the centre
on the under surface of the tile; the lozenge is concave, and on the upper
surface it projects.
In Sheet 2 is shewn a tile, the under surface of which is divided into squares
by ribs n, which are either half round or cocked beads or square styles. By
this arrangement the tile may be made thinner, and consequently lighter, while
offering as much resistance as the tile shewn, Sheet 1. Along the centre of the
upper surface of the tile, Sheet 2, there will be a bead or rib N starting from
the heel T, and there will be a slight incline from i to ¹ (Sheets 1 and 2) to
throw off the water on the tile, and remove it from the joint j. This inclina-
tion does not exist in ordinary tiles. If required, a bead or rib may be placed
on this joint. These tiles are either tongued or grooved. They are drawn
one-fourth the usual size. The thickness of the tiles will be about an inch;
they may be diversely colored according to the designs and effects required.
It will be seen that my Invention consists in using in the manufacture of
tiles the raw materials now employed in the manufacture of delph, stoneware,
and porcelain articles, also in the shape of the tiles shewn on the Sheets of
Drawing.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN JACQUARD MACHINES USED FOR WEAVING ORNAMENTAL FABRICS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Crawford at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd June 1863.
I, ROBERT CRAWFORD, of Beith, in the County of Ayr, North Britain,
Merchaut, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN JACQUARD MACHINES USED FOR WEAVING ORNAMENTAL FABRICS," to be
as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to the arrangement and construction of jacquard
machinery and the mode of actuating the same in a simple manner.
Under one modification the harness is connected in the usual manner to
the vertical wires, skewers, or other equivalent therefor, which are hooked at
the upper ends and pass up between the bars of the draft board or "brander."
These vertical wires pass through the eyes of the series of horizontal needles,
which are connected in the usual way at one end to a series of helical springs.
The other extremities of the needles pass through a perforated board which
forms a guide for them, and to the end of each is jointed a piece of wire which
forms a prolongation or tongue extending through a reed arranged parallel to
the perforated board. At a suitable point between the two the prolongation
or tongue of each needle is connected by means of a cord or wire to one of a
series of levers arranged in a suitable frame above. The free extremity of
each of these levers is bent or formed with a prolongation extending in a
downward direction, which rests upon a cube or small rectangular piece of
wood or metal. These pieces of wood are similar to blank type and are.
arranged in a frame in parallel rows; like printers' type they are made of

page_text: different heights so as to elevate the levers more or less. This part of the
present arrangement is based upon an Invention for which Letters Patent
were granted to Mr. Robert Crawford, bearing date the 18th day of August
1855, No. 1875. The several pieces of wood are so arranged that when the
frame or form containing them is moved along so as to bring each row of
pieces under the ends of the levers in succession, they will be raised more or
less to suit the requirements of the pattern which is to be produced. In front
of the ends of the needle tongues which project through the reed is arranged
a rotatory barrel, which has projecting parts formed on its faces in the longi-
tudinal direction. As the levers above are raised more or less by the wooden
or metal type, their connection with the jointed tongues of the jacquard
needles causes these parts of the mechanism to be more or less elevated, and
as the barrel or cylinder rotates its projecting fillets are so arranged as to
come into contact with the ends of the tongues when in one or other of the
positions they are caused to assume by the action of the levers to which they
are connected. The pressure of the cylinder against the tongues of those
needles that are within its range causes the harness to be operated in a corre-
sponding sequence and so produces the predetermined pattern in the fabric.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOXES OR CASES FOR THE ENCLOSURE AND PRESERVATION OF HUMAN REMAINS
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Revell Spicer at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th April
1863.
I, HENRY REVELL SPICER of No. 3, Clement's Lane, Lombard Street, in
the City of London, Ship Broker, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOXES OR CASES FOR THE ENCLOSURE AND
PRESERVATION OF HUMAN REMAINS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the use of glass for the construction or manufacturo
of boxes or cases of any required configuration for the enclosure and preservation
of human remains.
These glass boxes or cases may be hermetically sealed. In some instances
for the purpose of further securing or aiding the preservation of the contents
I produce a vacuum or a partial vacuum within the said glass boxes or cases
by exhaustion through the ordinary means. The said glass boxes or cases
may be enclosed in an outer case or shell of wood of the ordinary kind.
Among the principal advantages resulting from the use of the said glass boxes
or cases for the preservation of human remains, are,-
First, the entire freedom from injury or inconvenience arising from effluvia,
which often escape previous to interment when wood coffins only are
employed.
Secondly, the very great durability of the material.
Thirdly, its economy and portability as compared with lead when employed
for the same purpose

page_text: And, fourthly, its transparency, enabling the deceased to be seen without
inconvenience or risk up to the time of removal for interment. The vault may
be also constructed of slabs or plates of glass, so arranged as to enable persons
at all times to view the remains encased as proposed.
Claim. I claim as my Invention the employment of glass for the manufac
ture of boxes or cases as herein described for the enclosure and preservation of
human remains.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ORGANS, HARMONIUMS, AND PIANOPORTES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Roberts and Robert Naylor
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 18th March 1863.
We, JOHN ROBERTS, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Organ Builder, and ROBERT NAYLOR, of the same Place, Gentleman, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ORGANS,
HARMONIUMS, AND PIANOPORTES," to be as follows:-
We place the key-boards, keys, or manuels of organs, harmoniums, piano-
fortes, German pedals, and pedal claviers on springs at the front part, or
we suspend the same from springs, so that when more pressure is used on the
keys than is required for playing, the keys yield and the swell shutters or
venetians open, thereby encreasing and regulating the sound. Or, as a modi-
fication of the same principle, we place a spring of india-rubber or other
suitable material under each key, and thus obtain the same result. In all
cases we obtain the said advantage by an increased pressure on the surface.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING CARPETS, PILED FABRICS, DRUGGETS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Tingey at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th August
1863.
! I, WILLIAM TINGEY, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PRINTING CARPETS, PILED FABRICS, DRUGGETS, AND OTHER SIMILAR ARTICLES,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to carpets of all descriptions, piled fabrics, druggets,
and similar articles, and consists in printing the said fabrics or articles when
they are in a dry state, and steaming them when they are in a wet state,
instead of printing them wet, and steaming them dry.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1863

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Richmond, Thomas Rich-
mond, and Daniel Harling at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 17th April 1863.
We, JAMES RICHMOND, of Burnley, in the County of Lancaster, Manufac-
turer, and THOMAS RICHMOND and DANIEL HARLING, of the same Place,
Machinists, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in a novel arrangement and combination of apparatus
for regulating the tension and delivery of yarn from the warp beam during
the process of weaving; such arrangement of mechanism may be thus
described:-On the back framing of the loom and beneath the warp beam is
a lever provided with a slot having its fulcrum and working loosely upon an
upright shaft, such lever being actuated and caused to reciprocate by means
of a rod, to which it is attached, in connection with the slay of the loom, such
rod having a lateral motion given to it by means of a bell-crank lever, through
one end of which it is inserted, allowing it to move at its point of contact
within the slot of the aforesaid lever, thereby increasing the throw of such
lever as tho rod is gradually moved or brought nearer to its fulcrum. To this
slotted reciprocating lever a pawl or catch is attached, giving motion to a
ratchet wheel secured to the said upright shaft, and transmitting, by means of
a worm and worm wheel, a regular and uniform delivery of yarn from the warp
beam; the yarn so delivered is caused to pass over a yielding bar or rod, such
bar or rod exerting an oven pressure upon the warp, regulating its tension by

page_text: means of a weighted lever, and governing, through such weighted lever and
aforesaid apparatus, the delivery and tension of the yarn, the combined action
of such mechanism being as follows:-When the warp beam is fully supplied
with yarn, and at its greatest diameter, the rod governed by the yielding bar, and
giving motion from the slay to the slotted lever, is at the extreme end of such
slot, or at the greatest distance from its fulcrum, consequently causing the
pawl or catch to give the least or minimum amount of rotation to the ratchet
upon the upright shaft for actuating the warp beam; but as the yarn
is
delivered from the warp beam, and as such beam becomes less in diameter,
the yielding bar, through the medium of the aforesaid leyers and weight, brings
the rod actuating the slotted lever nearer to its fulcrum, that is to say, the
weighted lever governed by the yielding bar is lowered by the diminishing
diameter of the warp beam, one end of the bell-crank lever is lowered, thereby
causing its opposite end to give a lateral motion to the rod actuating the
slotted lever, causing such rod gradually, as the yarn is delivered from the
warp beam, to lessen or diminish its distance from the fulcrum of such slotted
lever, thereby gradually increasing the throw of the afore-mentioned ratchet
wheel, its greatest or maximum amount of throw being at the termination of
the yarn on the warp beam.