IMPROVEMENTS IN RECORDING Appa- RATUS SPECIALLY APPLICABLE FOR THE VERIFICATION OF FARES IN PUBLIC VEHICLES
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Orange Wildman Whitehouse, of Roslyn
Hill House, Hampstead, in the County of Middlesex, Associate of
the Institution of Civil Engineers and Telegraph Engineer, and
Samuel Elkens Phillips, of Homerton, in the said County, Telegraph
Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN RECORDING Appa-
RATUS SPECIALLY APPLICABLE FOR THE VERIFICATION OF FARES IN PUBLIC
VEHICLES."
Sealed the 21st March 1873, and dated the 12th October 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Orange Wildman
Whitehouse and Samuel Elkens Phillips at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 12th October
1872.
We, EDWARD ORANGE WILDMAN WHITEHOUSE, of Roslyn Hill
House, Hampstead, in the County of Middlesex, Associate of the
Institution of Civil Engineers and Telegraph Engineer, and SAMUEL
ELKENS PHILLIPS, of Homerton, in the said County, Telegraph Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
RECORDING APPARATUS SPECIALLY APPLICABLE FOR THE VERIFICATION OF FARES IN
PUBLIC VEHICLES," to be as follows:-
For this purpose we use one or more capillary syphon pens, as des-
cribed in Patent No 1998 July 29th 1871 for telegraphic nurnoses.

page_text: supplied with the special ink therein described. These pens trace con-
tinuous lines upon paper which is kept in motion by clockwork in a
manner well understood. One pen is intended to mark "time," upon the
paper, and does so by being pushed aside laterally for about a second at
every minute, so as to make upon the straight line a series of points
indicating the minutes, while every fifth and fifteenth point may be
prolonged to indicate more readily the division of time.
Another similar pen is connected with the wheel or axis of the vehicle
in such a manner as to have a to-and-fro motion across the line of the
paper recurring at definito intervals, according to the distance travelled.
The most convenient division of distance we have found to be a sixtieth
of a mile (29-34 yards)` as it enables one easily, by reference to the time
scale, to read off by the examination of a single minute at once the speed
of the carriage at each part of the journey in miles per hour.
A third pen, and for tramway cars, having an entrance at both ends; a
fourth also is devoted to marking the ingress and egress of each passenger
by indenting the line in each direction for entrance and in the other
for exit.
The mechanism to effect this object may be designed to operate
mechanically by levers, cranks, and pullies, electrically, magnetically, or
pneumatically.
For simplicity of parts and action and freedom from derangement we
prefer the latter, and will describe our mode of applying it, as it will
illustrate most casily the operation of the instrument. The pen rests on
paper in the same manner as the others, and will rule a continuous
straight line near to the others unless drawn aside by some means. The
footstep of a passenger placed upon the first step of the omnibus or tram
car presses down a plate of iron placed on vulcanized rubber. This
action closes for an instant and forcibly compresses a small chamber
containing air; the air thus compressed passes along a tube leading to
that part of the instrument having the pens; the air in issuing from the
tube is made either to impinge directly upon a small disc mounted on the
pen or penholder and so to blow it aside. Or it may be made to move a
small hanging shutter which, swinging freely on its axis, shall respond to
the movement of the air and tap the pen aside. As soon as the foot of
the passenger is placed upon the second step a similar action is produced,
but in the opposite direction, and thus the pen is blown or tapped back

page_text: again into the original line, a point or deflection having been made by
the sudden movement of the pen in one direction out of the line and
back again.
On the passenger alighting the. process is reversed and the
point is made in the opposite direction; thus each passenger makes his
mark both on entering and leaving the vehicle. The marks in their
positions and relations to the time and distance scales placed side
by side on the same slip of paper complete the diagram of the journey.
0
filed by the said Edward Orange Wildman Whitehouse and Samuel
Elkens Phillips in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 10th April
1873.
EDWARD
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we,
ORANGE WILDMAN WHITEHOUSE, of Roslyn Hill House, Hampstead,
in the County of Middlesex, Associate of the Institution of Civil

page_text: Engineers and Telegraph Engineer, and SAMUEL ELKENS Phillips, of
Homerton, in the said County, Telegraph Engineer, send greeting.
year
of
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing dato the Twelfth day of October, in the
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the thirty-
sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said Edward Orange Wildman Whitehouse
and Samuel Elkens Phillips, Her special licence that we, the said
Edward Orange Wildman Whitehouse and Samuel Elkens Phillips, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said
Edward Orange Wildman Whitehouse and Samuel Elkens Phillips, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN RECORDING APPARATUS SPECIALLY APPLICABLE FOR THE VERIFICATION OF FARES
IN PUBLIC VEHICLES," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said
Edward Orange Wildman Whitehouse and Samuel Elkens Phillips, our
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Scal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Edward Orange Wildman
Whitehouse and Samuel Elkens Phillips do hereby declare the nature of
our said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
This Invention is adapted to bodies in motion by making a written
record of the time, speed, and distance run by such; as for example,
railway trains, tram cars, omnibuses, or vehicles generally, steam and
sailing vessels, hauling-up cages in mines, warehouses, &c., and of all or
any of the various descriptions of machinery in motion; also by
registering the time and place of people or passengers entering or leaving
public or private conveyances or buildings; also the relative numbers of

page_text: such people or passengers, and for watchman's tell-tales, recording not
only the time of his own noting but that at which he may pass certain
points of his beat. Together with the above our Invention is suited to
every description of self-acting record of actions, and noting the event
with the time of its occurrence. It is also however more especially
applicable for the verification of fares in in public vehicles.
We shall now describe the form and mode of application of our Inven-
tion for recording the time, speed, and distance run of tram cars and
omnibuses, together with recording the entering and departure of
passengers, as this combines and groups together several portions of our
Invention.
For this purpose we use three or more capillary syphon pens, such as
are described in the Patent No. 1998, A.D. 1871, for telegraphic
purposes, for which we prefer to use the special ink therein described.
These pens trace lines upon a strip of paper which is kept in motion by
clockwork or other convenient means, in a manner well understood.
One pen is intended to mark time upon the paper, and does so by being
pushed aside laterally for an instant so as to make upon the straight line
a series of points indicating periods of time, as hours, minutes, &c., the
clock striking; and any of these marks may be so extended or shortened
as to mark separate portions of time, as each five minutes or other
interval, as may be desired.
Another similar pen is connected with the moving parts of the vehicle
in any convenient manner so as to have a to-and-fro motion or oscillation
producing waves or points upon the paper, these waves or points
recurring at definite intervals according to distance. The most con-
venient distance between the points we have found to be the sixtieth of
a mile (29-34 yards), so that by comparison with the afore-named time
scale the rate of speed may be readily understood, i.e., the number of
these waves or points completed within the space marked off in onc
minute would represent the rate of so many miles per hour as well as
the actual distance travelled.
Another similar pen is intended to mark the ingress and egress of each
passenger by its being deflected above or below the line, or other con-
venient deflection; and whether such deflection occur first above or
below depends upon entrance or exit.

page_text: The mechanism which we design to effect this operates electrically,
magneto-electrically, pneumatically, or mechanically through the inter-
vention of levers, cranks, pullies, or by similar means, as may be found
most convenient in practice.
One mode of doing so pneumatically we may describe, as it is simple
and will illustrate the mode of action pretty clearly:-The pen (or peus
if more than one be required) for indicating passengers rest on the
paper and will rule straight lines unless drawn aside by some means.
The foot of a passenger placed upon the first step of the omnibus or
tram car presses down a plate of iron placed on india-rubber or other
springs; this action closes (for an instant) and forcibly compresses a
small chamber containing air; the air thus compressed passes along a
tube leading to that part of the instrument having the pens; the air
issuing from the tube is made either to impinge directly upon a small
disc mounted on the pen or penholder and so to blow it aside, or it may
be made to move a small hanging shutter, which swinging freely on its
axis shall respond to the movement of the air and tap the pen aside.
As soon as the foot of the passenger is placed upon the second step a
similar action is produced, but in the opposite direction, and thus the pen
is blown or pushed back again into the original line, a point or deflection
having been made by the movement of the pen in one direction out of
the line and back again.
On alighting from the vehicle the process is reversed, and the point
is made in the opposite direction, thus, each passenger makes his mark
both on entering and leaving the vehicle.
If instead of pneumatic force it is desired to apply electricity (which
is preferable), we mount the pen for recording passengers on an axis
which bears also a magnetized needle or bar of steel, and is suitably
placed within a helix of insulated wire for deflection by the current,
or placed between or near to the poles of an electro-magnet; in either
case the magnetized needle or bar must be so adjusted as to maintain,
when not under the influence of the current, a position of rest ready
to respond to the current (as in the case of the single-needle telegraph
instrument) by a deflection right or left, immediately returning to zero
as soon as the current in the wire ceases. Thus, it perfectly imitates
a telegraph instrument giving signals by recorded deflections, the steps
or footboard of the vehicle making the required electrical contacts as

page_text: The signals are of the simplest character, being in fact ordinarily
only two in number, this signal
indicating a passenger
entering because he pressed the bottom step first and hence made the
bottom point first. A passenger on alighting makes an opposite mark
thus
The first deflection being upwards shews that the
upper step was pressed first, the second step whether upper or lower
being indicated by the second or later point, as already shewn. If
however any accidental or intentional pressure be made upon cither
step alone by the guard or passengers, it will be recorded in marks
or symbols as follows: - A foot placed for a moment upon the top
step alone without being followed by the other will leave a mark
pointing upwards, thus
or upon the bottom step alone,
thus
Any prolongation of pressure on the bottom step
and the line drawn
will make a deflection downwards
below its normal level will be prolonged until the moment the pressure
is removed, when the pen will return again to the original line; pro-
longed pressure upon the top step will make a similar deflection above
the line, and in cither case, by reference to the time and distance scales,
it may be seen how long the pressure remained, and how far the passenger
rode in that position. Other mode of deflections may however be used.
The "
passenger marks" in their proper positions and relations to the
time and distance scales placed side by side on the same strip of paper
complete the diagram, record, or way bill of the journey. This diagram
or record will shew by simple inspection :—
1st. The rate in miles per hour for every separate minute of the
journey.
2nd. The time of arrival and departure from terminal and inter-
mediate stations, and the duration of every stoppage to fractions of a
minute, as well as the time and place where they occur, and the distance
run.
3rd. The number of passengers entering and alighting with the precise
time and plans of anal doingco

page_text: the process of its computation is reduced to its most simple and casy
formula.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS ACCOMPANYING THIS SPECIFICATION.
Fig. 1, plan of an instrument in which electro-magnets are used;
Fig. 2, sectional elevation on line A, B, Fig. 1; Fig. 3, end elevation
of magnets.
To the axis A is fixed a toothed wheel A* driven by ordinary clock-
work, not shown in the Drawings. On this axis is the drum B round
which the paper C for registering rolls from another drum. To tho
other end of this drum is fixed the time wheel D, the teeth being
formed like those of a crown wheel, but this time wheel arrangement
might be replaced by any other suitable arrangements. Into these
teeth slides the spring E; this spring slides along the teeth during
the rotation of the wheel, and when it reaches the limit of any one
tooth it falls between it and the next tooth, and by so doing taps tho
pen
F and produces the minute marks upon the paper.
The penholder G is used for registering the speed of the vehicle.
The pen is connected by means of the bell crank and rod II to a small
wheel or eccentric I actuated by the wheel of the vehicle. The end of
the rod H has motion imparted to it by the revolution of the wheel of
the vehicle, the other end of the rod being attached, as shewn, to the
bell crank G to which the pen is connected and so produces the mark
on the paper. The penholder K for registering the number of pas-
sengers is connected to the magnet M by the vertical axis M', and
marks in accordance with the manner in which the currents are
actuated by the steps of the vehicle when the passenger cither gets
in or out.
The hour marks are produced by the striking part of the clockwork,
so connected as to cause a movement of tlic time pen with each stroke in
the opposite direction to those of the minute marks.
The electro-magnet is marked E, m; the adjuster, A, d; M*, a collet
stepped on the axis M'; this collet carries the penholder K (see Fig. 2).
The pens are all marked X. F, ", fixed frame for carrying the axles of
peuholders G, K, the axis of F being carried by a suitable frame not
shown. These arrangements show how electro-magnetism may be

page_text: applied for the purposes of our Invention. But the penholder arrange-
ments are well adapted for the pneumatic and mechanical arrangements.
R, i, denotes the reservoir of ink which is the same as that described
in the Patent 1998, A.D., 1871.
The diagrams taken by our apparatus are shewn at Fig. 4, in which
a represents the strip of paper; b, the time scale; c, denoting the
hour at starting of vehicle; and d, the minute marks; e, the five
minutes marks; f represents the distance and speed scale; g, denoting
when the vehicle started, the oscillating marks / represent the speed
at which the vehicle is going. i represents stoppages either to take up
or set down passengers; j represents the scale on which are registered
the passengers cither entering or leaving the vehicle, as herein-before
explained. represents the marks of passengers entering, and I, those
leaving the vehicle.
The computation of the amount on the way bill as a check on the
receiver of the fares is regulated by a comparison of the marks on the
line, which indicates entrances and exits (see Fig. 4), with the position
of the stations where there may be a change of fare, and of course
must depend on the relative charges as well as the change of passen-
gers, which may occur at each break of fare or at cach station of the
line. For example, take the case of a journey divided into four lengths
or sections, any one of which will be charged two pence with one penny
added for each additional length entered upon, in computation each
passenger marked on line j as entering (no matter where) must neces-
sarily be computed at the minimum fare of two pence, while every person
who may pass from one of the lengths or sections into another must
be computed as paying an additional penny. To ascertain the number
of these last we have only to deduct the exits from the entrances up to
any given station, the remainder being the number remaining in the
vehicle at the time, and therefore chargeable with additional fare. Of
course there will be some modification required in the mode of computing
a way bill arising from overlapping of fares and other causes, but they
are easily provided for.
Having now particularly described and ascertain the nature and object
of our Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed or
put in practice; we hereby declare that we claim the herein-described
Invention of "Improvements in Recording Apparatus, Specially Ap-

page_text: plicable for the Verification of Fares in Public Vehicles,” wherein the
following are important and peculiar features,-
The use of the herein-before described capillary syphon pens for re-
cording purposes, as herein-before described.
The arrangement of pens or markers and apparatus for recording
simultaneously the various occasional movements and actions, together
with time.
The design and character of the diagram produced, whether by the
herein-mentioned pens or any other mode of marking.
The general principle, construction, and constitution of the instru.
ment.
The chief novelty is the recorded combination of time, speed, and
distance, with the entrance and exit of passengers, and the data thus
given for the computation of fares.
In witness whereof, we, the said Edward Orange Wildman White-
house and Samuel Elkens Phillips, have hereunto set our hands
and seals, this Tenth day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-three.
In general pop
ment.
The chief novelty is the recorded combination of time, speed, and
distance, with the entrance and exit of passengers, and the data thus
given for the computation of fores.
In witness whereof, we, the said Edward Orange Wildman White-
house and Samuel Elkens Phillips, have hereunto set our hands
and seals, this Tenth day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-three.
Witness,
E. O. WILDMAN WHITEHOUSE.
SAM. E. PHILLIPS.
(L.S.)
(L.S.)
THOMAS MORGAN,
Secretary Inventors' Patent Right Association, Limited,
21, Cockspur Street,
S.W.