IMPROVEMENTS IN BEARINGS FOR CARRIAGES CARTS AND OTHER SIMILAR ROAD VEHICLES
Year: 1884

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
I JOHN WILLIS of Number 70 Osgathorpe Road Sheffield in the County of
York Steel Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of my Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BEARINGS FOR CARRIAGES CARTS AND OTHER SIMILAR ROAD
VEHICLES to be as follows :-
This Invention consists in the combination with the bush and axle of Carriages,
Carts and other similar road Vehicles of two or more set of rollers or balls to
reduce friction.
In carrying this Invention into effect the bush is recessed at each end to contain
the said rollers or balls, the suid recesses being of a depth sufficient to contain
them and admit of their projecting slightly beyond the recesses and so form a
rotating bearing for the axle.
The rollers or balls will be secured in the ends of the bush by collars or plates
fixed or fitted to or forming part of the axle, or fixed or fitted to the said bush.
By preference the bush is made of cast steel instead of cast iron as now
ordinarily made.
When a set of balls or rollers are used in the centre of the bush they will by
preference be entered into the groove in the bush from the outside thereof through
an opening which is closed by a plug or equivalent appliance.
Dated this 4th day of March 1884.
E. EDWARDS HEWETT,
Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: I, JOHN WILLIS of Number 70 Osgathorpe Road, Sheffield in the County of
York, Steel Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of my invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN BEARINGS FOR CARRIAGES, CARTS & OTHER SIMILAR ROAD
VEHICLES and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The object of my Invention is to reduce the friction between the Bush and Axle
of Carriages Carts and other similar road Vehicles. This is done by applying the
roller or ball bearing principle in substition for the ordinary rubbing surfaces.
In carrying this invention into effect it is necessary that at each end of a bush
there should be such a chamber or space as will suffice to contain a ring of the said
Rollers or Balls and which shall so bear upon the Axle as to leave the parts of the
Axle and Bush between the enlarged ends of the Bush completely clear.
The chamber or space at each end of the Bush may be obtained by :-
(1) Enlarging the ends of the Bush internally.
Or (2) By reducing those parts of the Axle which are adjacent thereto.
Or (3) By partly enlarging internally the ends of the Bush and partly by
reducing those parts of the Axle which are adjacent thereto.
The Axle in its bearing on the Rollers or Balls causes the same to revolve and at
the same time to describe a circle round the Axle.
The Rollers or Balls may be secured in the ends of tho Bush by Collars or
Plates fixed or fitted to or forming part of the Axle or fixed or fitted to the said
Bush.
By preference the Bush is made of Cast Steel instead of Cast Iron as now
ordinarily made.
Rollers may be used alone, or Balls may be used alone, a combination of Rollers
and Balls may also be used.
The size and number of them may be governed by the size of the ends of the
Bush which contains them.
By preference smaller Rollers and Balls are used for the Cap end of the Bush
than for the other end.
With regard to the rollers a groove may be cut round them so as to receive a
steel ring which shall encircle the whole of them thus avoiding too much play
which causes noise.
In the accompanying drawings Fig I is a longitudinal section and Figs II and III
transvers sections of the Ballbearings. A is the Bush. B is an axle bearing on
the Balls C. D shews the length of the Axle left clear by the bearings at each end
of sume.
E is a plate or washer at the Cap end of the Bush which confines the
Balls within the enlarged end of the Bush A which it adjoins. Through the centre
of this plate or washer the end of the Axle passes and is secured in the usual
way within the Cap F. The larger Balls at the other end are confined by the
Collar of the Axle B with the washers G & H.
Figs IV. V and VI give the arrangement adapted to Rollers.
Figs VII, VIII and IX give the arrangement adapted to Carts & Vehicles
having taper Axles, the letters of reference being the same as those in
Figures I. II and III.
Figs X and XI shew a ring of rollers. Each roller is grooved round the middle
thus providing a continuous groove A around which a steel ring Figª XII
and XIII is fitted thereby avoiding undue play which gives rise to noise.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
vention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
laim are:-
1. The application of the Ball and Roller bearing principle herein before described
to Carriages, Carts and other similar road Vehicles in substitution to the
present mode of long frictional bearing of Axles and Bushes.
2. The method of securing the rollers and balls at the Cap end of the bush by
means of a plate or washer and at the other end of the bush by adapting
the Collar of the Axle.
3. The enlargement of the ends of the Bush internally in order to contain the
said Rollers and Balls; or in the alternative.
4. The reducing of those parts of Axle which are adjacent to the ends of the
Bush in order to contain the said rollers and Balls; or in the alternative.
5. Partly enlarging internally the ends of the Bush and partly reducing those
parts of the Axle which are adjacent thereto in order to contain the said
Rollers or Balls.
G. The grooving of the Rollers to receive a steel ring which shall encircle the
whole of them and thus avoid too much play which causes noise.
Dated this third day of December one thousand eight hundred and eighty