Improvements in Ventilating Apparatus for Greenhouses and other Structures.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 25th July, 1893
Complete Specification Left, 5th Feb., 1894-Accepted, 10th Mar., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Ventilating Apparatus for Greenhouses and other
Structures.
I, FREDERIC CARPENTER CHADBORN of No. 219 Third Street, Newburgh
in the State of New York, United States of America, Manufacturer do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
I make use of the pressure of water or other fluid acting upon a piston within a
cylinder for giving motion to the swinging sash, damper or other device employed
for regulating the admission of air or the escape of air from the greenhouse or
other structure to be ventilated, and I employ a thermostatic device for regulating
the admission of the fluid under pressure into the cylinder to act upon the piston
to give motion in one direction to the ventilator or for regulating the escape of such
fluid from the cylinder to allow of the movement of the ventilator in the other
direction.
The thermostatic device is preferably made in the form of a blade fastened at
one end rigidly but adjustably and free to move at the other end, and such
thermostatic device is advantageously made of metal at one side and hard rubber
or vulcanite at the other side so that the differences in expansion and contraction
under changes of temperature may give motion to the free end of the thermostat,
and I make use of this device for turning a cock by means of which the fluid is
admitted to act upon the piston.
I find it advantageous to make use of one main cock in the pipe through which
the fluid is admitted, and this main cock can be turned in either one direction or
the other by the action of the fluid pressure admitted by a second small cock
controlled by the thermostat.
It is also advantageous in the construction of the parts to employ a slotted end
or fork to the thermostat and a movable rod passing across the small valve or cock
which is made as a slightly tapering plug, and this rod has a crank end passing
into the slot of the thermostat, and there is a clamping screw to allow for the
endwise movement of the rod across the plug of the cock so as to vary the effective
length of the rod and thus give greater or less movement to the cock by a given
change of temperature acting upon the thermostat, and by means of the small cock
the fluid under pressure is allowed to pass to one or the other of the cylinders and their
pistons which act to give motion to the main valve that admits the fluid under
pressure to act upon the piston and within the cylinder; and I provide for the easy
removal of the piston from the cylinder for cleaning or repairing, and I also
provide stops that regulate the extent of movement that can be given to the main
valve; and it is preferable to introduce fine wire cloth in the passage ways through
which the fluid under pressure passes in order to prevent the parts becoming
obstructed by any foreign substance in the water or other fluid.
Dated this 25th day of July 1893
BREWER & SON,
Agents.

page_text: Improvements in Ventilating Apparatus for Greenhouses and other
Structures.
I, FREDERIC Carpenter ChaDBORN, of No. 219 Third Street, Newburgh,
in the State of New York, United States of America, Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
I make use of the pressure of water or other fluid acting upon a piston within a
cylinder for giving motion to the swinging sash, damper or other device employed
for regulating the admission of air or the escape of air from the green-house or
other structure to be ventilated, and I employ a thermostatic device for regulating
the admission of the fluid under pressure into the cylinder to act upon the piston to
give motion in one direction to the ventilator or for regulating the escape of such
fluid from the cylinder to allow of the movement of the ventilator in the other
direction.
The thermostatic device is preferably made in the form of a blade fastened at
one end rigidly but adjustably and free to move at the other end, and such
thermostatic device is advantageously made of metal at one side and hard rubber
or vulcanite at the other side so that the differences in expansion and contraction
under changes of temperature may give motion to the free end of the thermostat,
and I make use of this device for turning a cock by means of which the fluid is
admitted to act upon the piston
I find it advantageous to make use of one main cock in the pipe through
which the fluid is adimitted, and this main cock can be turned in either one direction
or the other by the action of the fluid pressure admitted by a second small cock
controlled by the thermostat.
It is also advantageous in the construction of the parts to employ a slotted end
or fork to the thermostat and a movable rod passing across the small valve or cock
which is made as a slightly tapering plug, and this rod has a crank end passing into
the slot of the thermostat, and there is a clamping screw to allow for the endwise
movement of the rod across the plug of the cock so as to vary the effective length
of the rod and thus give greater or less movement to the cock by a given change
of temperature acting upon the thermostat, and by means of the small cock the
fluid under pressure is allowed to pass to one or the other of the cylinders and
their pistons which act to give motion to the main valve that admits the fluid under
pressure to act upon the piston and within the cylinder, and I provide for the easy
removal of the piston from the cylinder for cleaning or repairing, and I also provide
stops that regulate the extent of movement that can be given to the main valve,
and it is preferable to introduce fine wire cloth in the passage ways through which
the fluid under pressure passes in order to prevent the parts becoming obstructed
by any foreign substance in the water or other fluid.
In the drawing,
3
Fig. 1 is an elevation illustrative of the manner in which the apparatus is fitted
up for operation, the upper part of the cylinder being in section.
Fig. 2 is an elevation at right angles to Fig. 1, one bracket supporting the motor
cylinder being removed.
Fig. 3 is a section in larger size of the main valve.
Fig. 4 is a section in larger size of the delicate valve.
Fig. 5 is a section at the line x, x, of Fig. 4, and
Fig. 6 is an elevation of the delicate valve lever with the support for the
adjusting screw in section.

page_text: It is to be understood that this ventilating apparatus may be actuated by any
suitable fluid pressure, such for instance as the water pressure generally found in
green-houses and conservatories, but air or any other suitable fluid may be employed.
The pipe A leads water or other fluid to this apparatus under a proper pressure,
and I have represented a strainer at B for retaining any foreign substances that
might otherwise interfere with the working of the valves of the apparatus, and
C represents the main valve or three-way cock to the motor cylinder D, in which
cylinder is a piston E and a connection therefrom to the ventilator.
When this ventilator is fitted to swing such as with the sashes in a green-house it
is advantageous to employ a cross key F that becomes a guide for the piston rod
leading to the ventilators and also a stop for the movable collar G clamped by a
screw upon the piston rod H so that the ventilators can be opened to the desired
point and a continuance of the pressure will give no further movement to such
ventilators.
I have represented the piston rod H as connected with the arm I upon the
ventilating sash or damper K; and it is to be understood that this ventilating sash,
damper or other device that controls the movement of the air for ventilating
purposes, may be of any desired character and that the device represented is
simply illustrative.
When the main valve C is turned to admit the fluid pressure into the motor
cylinder D the piston E receives motion until the supply of water or fluid under
pressure is arrested, and it is usually preferable to employ the fluid pressure for
opening the ventilator when the heat becomes excessive, and when the ventilator
is to be closed the main valve C is to be turned for allowing the water to pass
off by a waste pipe.or opening as usual in three-way cocks; and I remark that this
main valve or cock can be of any desired character and does not require further
description.
The waste water running from the motor cylinder as the ventilator descends
may be conveyed away by a pipe to any desired place or receptacle, or a pipe may
convey the same to a rose or sprinkler 21 to discharge the water upon the plants in
the green-house.
In Fig. 3, I have shown the main cock or valve C with a discharge water way 17
to a waste pipe 18, at one side, but where there is a hole passing longitudinally of
the plug, as seen at 19 and connecting with the way 17, the waste water may pass
off at the end of the plug as illustrated in Fig. 2.
The thermostat employed by me is of any suitable character. I prefer to make
use of the one represented, in which L is the blade of the thermostat to one end of
which the stock M is affixed and which is preferably in the form of a spring
through which passes the screw N which is provided with a nut O for adjusting
the position of the thermostat, the distant end being adapted to move by change of
temperature acting upon such thermostat, one side of the thermostat being of hard
rubber, and the other of sheet metal as common in thermostats, and at the moving
end of the thermostat is a fork P which may be raised or lowered as desired, such
fork being attached to the thermostat by the screw 3, and the fork of the
thermostat acts upon the delicate valve or cock that controls the fluid pressure in
acting upon the mechanism that turns the main valve or cock C either in one
direction or in the other.
To give motion to the main valve C, I employ the cylinders R R' containing
pistons and piston rods S S' acting upon crank pins at opposite sides of the disk T,
which disk is upon the axis of the main valve C, and the delicate valve or cock U
which is acted upon by the thermostat is constructed with a tapering plug 4 having
a central water-way 5, two lateral water-ways 6, 7, and a peripheral channel 8,
and there is a pipe 9, leading water or other fluid under pressure to the barrel of
the delicate valve or cock and thence to the central water-way 5, and there are
pipes 10 and 11 leading to the respective cylinders R and R', hence when this
tapering plug 4 is turned so that the lateral water-way 6 opens to the pipe 10 the
fluid pressure will be active in the cylinder R and the fluid will escape from the

page_text: cylinder R by the channel 8 and bib 12 and this will move the main valve C in
one direction, but when the plug 4 is turned in the other direction and the lateral
water-way 7 coincides with the pipe 11, the fluid pressure will act in the
cylinder R' and the liquid will escape from the cylinder R through the channel
and bib 12.
For giving motion to the tapering plug 4 by the fork P of the thermostat, it is
advantageous to employ the movable crank 13, the horizontal end of which passes
into the fork P and the vertical portion thereof passes through a hole across the
tapering plug 4, and there is a nut 14 to clamp the movable crank at any position
to which it may be adjusted, and by varying the distance between the horizontal
crank portion of the movable crank and the axis of the tapering plug, so the
speed of the apparatus will be regulated, because when the crank arm is nearest to
the axis of the tapering plug such tapering plug will receive a larger motion by the
same change in temperature acting through the thermostat than it will when the
movable crank is more distaut from the axis of the tapering plug, hence by this
means the thermostatic ventilating device can be made to act with greater or less
speed under given changes in temperature, and it is advisable to employ a set
screw 15 at the end of the tapering plug 4 to prevent the plug being forced too
firmly upon its seat by the pressure of the water or other fluid acting upon the
same, and it is advisable to introduce a fine screen V in the water pipe that leads
to the tapering plug.
By this improvement I am enabled to adjust the ventilating apparatus to work
more or less rapidly and to bring the ventilating mechanism into play under any
desired conditions of temperature.
Upon the disk T is a lug or stop 16 and the limiting screws W pass through
stationary nuts and in opposite directions to limit the movement of the disk and the
main valve C by such screws W, hence by this means the main valve can be
opened to any desired extent by the action of the delicate valve and the water
supply passing through the same, and it is often advantageous to set these limiting
screws in such a manner that the ventilator will open comparatively slowly as the
temperature rises and close with greater rapidity as the temperature falls, this
object of course being effected by the extent of movement given in either one
direction or the other to the main valve or cock.
By loosening the screw of the fork P and moving such fork out of the way the
crank 13 can be turned by hand in either direction to open or close the ventilators,
regardless of the temperature, or the main valve C may be moved directly by hand
if so desired. This of course will be a great convenience, especially in green-
houses where the ventilating sashes are heavy and can only be moved by exerting
considerable force.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :
First. The combination with the ventilator, of a cylinder, piston and connections
to the ventilator, a main cock by which liquid under pressure is admitted to the
cylinder or allowed to escape, cylinders and pistons acting to turn the main cock in
either one direction or the other, a thermostat and a three-way cock actuated by
the thermostat to admit liquid under pressure to either of the cylinders and pistons
that move the main cock and to allow the escape of liquid from the other of said
cylinders, substantially as specified.
Second. The combination with the ventilating devices, of a motor cylinder and
piston, a rod connected with the ventilator, a removable cross key at the end of
the cylinder and through which the piston rod passes, and an adjustable collar on
the piston rod for regulating the position of the parts when the ventilator is opened
and a cock or valve for admitting fluid pressure to act upon the piston, substantially
as set forth,
Third. The combination with the thermostatic blade having one end held firmly

page_text: and adjustably, of a fork at the moving end of the blade, a cock with a lever arm
engaging and turned by the fork of the thermostat, a ventilator, a cylinder and
piston for moving the same, a supply pipe for liquid under pressure and a main
cock for regulating the admission of liquid to and discharge from such cylinder,
cylinders and pistons acting in opposite directions to turn said main cock, and
supply pipes for liquid under pressure and regulated by the thermostatic cock for
admitting the liquid to either of the cylinders for moving the main cock,
substantially as specified.
Fourth. The combination with the thermostatic blade having one end held firmly
and adjustably, of a fork at the moving end of the blade, a cock with a lever arm
engaging and turned by the fork of the thermostat, a ventilator, a cylinder and
piston for moving the same, a supply pipe for liquid under pressure and a main cock
for regulating the admission of liquid to and discharge from such cylinder, stops
for arresting the movement of the main cock, cylinders and pistons acting in
opposite directions to turn said main cock, and supply pipes for liquid under
pressure and regulated by the thermostatic cock for admitting the liquid to either
of the cylinders for moving the main cock, substantially as specified.
Fifth. The combination in a thermostatic ventilating apparatus, of a thermostatic
blade fastened at one end and provided with a fork at the other end, a cock having
pipes for a fluid under pressure to act in regulating the ventilating apparatus, a
turning plug for said cock and an adjustable crank arm to such plug and means for
holding the same when adjusted to vary the leverage of the crank arm and the
movement of the plug by given changes of temperature to regulate the speed of
movement of the ventilating apparatus, substantially as specified.
Sixth. The combination with a thermostat, a ventilating apparatus, a motor
cylinder and a supply for liquid under pressure, of a delicate cock or valve, an
adjustable crank arm between the thermostat and the cock for regulating the action
of the thermostat in opening and closing said cock, and an adjusting screw to
prevent the pressure of the fluid producing undue friction of the delicate
thermostatic cock on the seat, substantially as set forth.
Dated this 5th day of February 1894.
BREWER & SON,
Agents.