IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO STEAM BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joshua Fisher and Henry Fisher, of Birkenhead,
in the County of Chester, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
APPLICABLE TO STEAM BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES."
Sealed the 22nd July 1870, and dated the 1st February 1870. .
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joshua Fisher and
Henry Fisher at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 1st February 1870.
We, JOSHUA FISHER and HENRY FISHER, of Birkenhead, in the
County of Chester, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO STEAM BOILER AND OTHER FURNACES," to be
as follows (that is to say) :-
This Invention has for its object an improved system of constructing
steam boiler, reverberating, and other furnaces, for securing the more
perfect combustion of the fuel and gascous products thereof, and is well
calculated for burning anthracite or other hard coal or small and
inferior coals.
°

page_text: T
In constructing a furnace according to this-Invention in place of tho
ordinary bars we use a series of longitudinal bars of iron or other suit-
able material to form the fuel bed, and which bars it is preferred should
partake more or less of a T shape in vertical cross section, the vertical
limb by preference being slightly tapered from the junction of the cross
head towards the foot, and in some cases the under side of the arms of
the cross head are beveled downwards, and sometimes the edges of the
cross head project below the junction of the head with the web so as to
form a groove in the under side of the head. The top is formed flat or
curved, beveled downwards from the centre or flat in the centre, and
curved or beveled towards the outer edges, or other suitable form of bar
is used. These bars, which for convenience of description we call the
upper fuel bars, for a moderately sized furnace may be of, say, the
following dimensions:-Two and a quarter inches across the head and
three-quarters of an inch in thickness when rectangular, and the web or
lower limb may be two and a quarter inches deep by one inch, tapering
down to half that thickness at the foot. They may be cast or rolled
solid in one piece, or the head and vertical web may be seperate pieces,
in which case the head rests on the web, the upper edge of which may
be flat or grooved or ridged with counterpart on or in the under side of
the head for holding them in their relative positions, or they may be
formed hollow to admit water or air or steam to be circulated there-
through from end to end, or they may be formed hollow and open at 'one
or both ends, and also open or perforated at the lower edge of the web,
and if desirable the sides of the web may be perforated to allow the
heated air or steam to escape therethrough, which will immediately
pass upward between the bars and through the fuel. The cross section
of the fuel bars may be formed of one rectangular bar placed flat on a
similar one, but of less breadth, which last is placed on a square bar or
rectangular one set on edge; also jets of steam from pipes on each side
of the ash-pit may be used in addition to or in lieu of that supplied
through the hollow bars, as above stated.
Any of the modifications of forms described may be used in
combination.
The tier of lower fuel bars may be similar to any of the modifications
used in the construction of the upper tier or series described, or they
may be formed without the web; but in most cases we prefer that they
should not be of so great a width across the head, and the form of the

page_text: head may be flat, arched, or sloped from the centre, or flat on the apex
and sloped on each side. The upper and lower bars extend from the
front to the back of the furnace either horizontally or inclined from one
end to the other, and are arranged parallel to each other in their cross
section, and may slightly deviate therefrom in longitudinal section, and
are placed on or about the horizontal line that would be occupied were
ordinary bars used, and are arranged alternately in line above and below
cach other so as to form an upper and lower tier, that the tops of the
upper series may be, say, from three-quarters to one and a half inches
above the tops of the lower tier. The least open spaces left on each side
of the lower fuel bars and between them and the bars in the upper tier
are the
spaces for the outlet of the ashes into the ash-pit below, and also
for the admission of atmospheric air to the fuel, and may be either in a
horizontal or inclined position, and are, say, from one to one and a half
inches in widith. The bars in the upper and lower tiers are so spaced in
relation to each other that at every air space a vertical line may be
drawn through the cross section of both tiers without touching a bar in
either tier, in contradistinction to the plan described in the Specification
of a Patent granted to the within-named Joshua Fisher, and dated
26th December 1865, and numbered 3335. The fuel bars are supported
at intervals by transverso bearers, which may be formed partly with
feather edges at the top and notched to receive the bars. One of theso
transverse bearers support the front ends of the bars, and at about one
inch in front thereof (to allow for expansion of the bars) is piaced a
covering plate immediately below the frame door of the furnace mouth,
and may extend downwards to the bottom of the transverse bearer, and
this covering plate on the inner side has blocks which extend, say, a few
inches into the spaces between every two upper and one lower bar to
hold the bars in position; and also has open spaces through it, and
opposite to the spaces between every two lower and one upper bar for
inserting the pricker bar or rod between the upper and lower tiers of
bars and clearing away the clinkers and ashes when required. This
covering plate may have on its top a flat casting extending all its length
to the ends of the blocks, and the whole covering plate may be removed
to replace the fuel bars, the above method of clearing the edges of the
bars being a great saving of labour on the usual plan.

page_text: air to the fuel, but also that the fuel and clinkers may be broken so that
the clinkers and ashes may readily pass through the spaces between the
upper and lower bars. The dimensions and relative proportions and
distances here given may be very considerably varied.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Joshua Fisher and Henry Fisher in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 30th July 1870.
"TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, wc, Joshua
TISILER and HENRY FISHER, of Birkenhead, in the County of Chester,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the First day of February, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, and number 292,
in the thirty-third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto us, the said Joshua Fisher and Henry
Fisher, Her special licence that we, the said Joshua Fisher and Henry
Fisher, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we,
the said Joshua Fisher and Henry Fisher, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO STEAM BOILER
AND OTHER FURNACES," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the
said Joshua Fisher and Henry Fisher, our executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.

page_text: manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement (that is to say) :-
==
This our said. Invention has for its object an improved system of
constructing steam boiler, reverberatory, and other furnaces for securing
the more perfect combustion of the fuel and gaseous products thereof,
and is well calculated for burning anthracite or other hard coal, or small
and inferior coals.
In constructing a furnace according to this Invention, in place of the
ordinary bars we use a series of longitudinal bars of iron or other
suitable material to form the fuel bed, and which bars we prefer should
partake more or less of a T shape in vertical cross section, the vertical
limb by preference being slightly tapered from the junction of the cross
head towards the foot, and in some cases the under side of the arms of
the cross head are beveled downwards, and sometimes the edges of the
cross head project below the junction of the head with the web, so as to
form a groove in the under side of the head. The top is formed flat or
curved, beveled downwards from the centre or flat in the centre, and
curved or beveled towards the outer edges, or other suitable form of bar
is used. These bars, which for convenience of description we call the
upper fuel bars, for a moderately sized furnace may be of, say, the
following dimensions:-Two and a quarter inches across the head and
three-quarters of an inch in thickness when rectangular, and the web or
lower limb may be two and a quarter inches deep by one inch, tapering
down to half that thickness at the foot, but the depth will depend upon
the length of bar. They may be cast or rolled solid in one piece, or tho
head and vertical web may be separate pieces, in which case the head
rests on the web, the upper edge of which may be flat or grooved or
ridged, with counter part on or in the under side of the head for
holding them in their relative positions; or they may be formed hollow
to admit water or air or steam to be circulated therethrough from end to
end; or they may be formed hollow and open at one or both ends,,and
also open or perforated at the lower edge of the web, and, if desirable tho
sides of the web may be perforated to allow the heated air or steam to
escape therethrough, which will immediately pass upward between the
bars and through the fuel. The cross section of the fuel bars may.be
formed of one rectangular bar placed flat on a similar one, but of less
breadth, which last is placed on a square bar or rectangular one set on
edge; also jets of steam from pipes arranged on each side of or across

page_text: the ash-pit may be used in addition to or in lieu of that supplied
through the hollow bars, as above stated.
Any of the modifications of forms described may be used in
combination.
The tier of lower fuel bars may be similar to any of the modifications
used in the construction of the upper tier or series described, or they
may be formed without the web, but in most cases we prefer that they
should not be of so great a width across the head, and the form of the
head may be flat, arched, or sloped from the centre, or flat on the apex
and sloped on each side. The upper and lower bars extend from the
front to the back of the furnace in one or more than one length, either
horizontally or inclined from one end to the other, and are arranged
parallel to each other in their cross section, and may slightly deviate
therefrom in longitudinal section, and are placed on or about the
horizontal line that would be occupied- were ordinary fire-bars used, and
they are arranged alternately in line above and below each other, so as to
form an upper and lower tier, that the tops of the upper series may be,
say, from three-quarters to one and a half inches above the tops of the
lower tier, or above the outlet for the ashes and clinkers. The least open
spaces left on each side of the lower fuel bars and between them and
the bars in the upper tier are the spaces for the outlet of the ashes into
the ash-pit below, and also for the admission of atmospheric air to the
fuel, and may be either in a horizontal or inclined position, and arc,
say, from one half to one and a half inches in width. The bars in the
upper and lower tiers are so spaced in relation to cach other that at
every air space a vertical line may be drawn through the cross section
of both tiers without touching a bar in either tier, in contradistinction
to the plan described in the Specification of a Patent granted to thic
within-named Joshua Fisher, and dated 26th December 1865, and
numbered 8338. The fuel bars are supported in the usual manner,
or otherwise at intervals by transverse bearers, which may be formed
partly with feather edges at the top and notched to receive the bars.
One of these transverse bearers supports the front ends of the bars, and
at about one inch in front thereof (to allow for expansion of the bars) is
placed a covering plate immediately below the frame door of the furnace
mouth, and may extend downwards to the bottom of the transverse
bearer; and this covering plate on the inner side has blocks, which
extend, say, a few inches into the
between every
spacc
two
upper
and

page_text: one lower bar to hold the bars in position, and also has open spaces
through it, and opposite to the spaces between every two lower and one
upper bar, for inserting the pricker bar or rod between the upper and
lower tiers of bars and clearing away the clinkers and ashes when
required. This covering plate may have on its top a flat casting ex-
tending all its length to the ends of the blocks, and the whole covering
plate may be removed to replace the fuel bars, the above method of
clearing the edges of the bars being a great saving of labour on the
usual plan.
Our object in arranging the bars alternately in two horizontal lines
one above the other is not only to give greater space for admitting the
air to the fuel, but also that the fuel and clinkers may be broken so
that the clinkers and ashes may readily pass through the spaces between
the upper and lower bars.
That this our said Invention may be the more readily scen and
understood we have hereunto annexed Drawings illustrating several
modifications of our improvements. Like letters and figures of reference.
marked thereon are used to denote similar parts.
€ is the top or crown of the upper fuel bars A; h is the top or crown
of the lower fuel bars B; c, e, c, is the upper surface of the cross head
or head of bars A; b, d, is the lower surface or under side of the arms of
the cross head of bars A when formed by a straight or curved line, or
of both drawn upwards from the point 6 to intersect the side f, d; of the
vertical web f, d, d, f, and it will be observed that the junction of
the web with the cross head is above 6, thus forming a kind of groove on
the under side of the head. c, b, is either curved or a straight line
inclined towards f, d, the side of the web, or may be perpendicular
to b, d, or otherwise c, b, may be vertical. c, c, are points on the upper
surface of the head or cross head of bars A at the intersection of a hori-
zontal line or plane parallel with the top of the bar passing through the
head or cross head at its greatest width. a, a, are points on the surface
of the head or cross head of the lower bars B, such that a line drawn
from either of them to the nearest point on the adjacent head or cross
head of bar A shall be the shortest distance or least open space between
any two bars A and B, and which open spaces are for the admission. of
atmospheric air to the fuel, as indicated by the arrows, and also are the
outlets for the ashes and clinkers from the furnace into the ash-pit
below. By the term cross head is to be understood that upper part of

page_text: the bars formed by the arms projecting on cach side of the vertical
web. By the term "head" is to be understood that upper part of the
bars which is above the widest part of the vertical web, whether the side
of the vertical web be straight or curved outwards towards the top.
Figure 1 is a transverse section through I, J, Figure 2, of a furnace
within an ordinary tubular or marine boiler; and here, since a, à, the
two edges of the horizontal top a, h, a, of the lower bar B are repre-
sented as in line with c, c, therefore the outlet for the ashes, or the least
open spaces between the bars A and B are the spaces a, c, and a, c, and
here a line joining a and c would be horizontal. It is evident that a, h, a,
the horizontal head or top of the lower bar B, is not here below c, c, tho
under side of e, c, c, the cross heads of the upper bars A, A. In con-
sequence of the arrangement of any three bars A, B, A, the fuel is
broken up and readily parts with its ashes and clinkers, thus allowing a
regular: and full supply of atmospheric air to the fuel... Ten open spaces
ór outlets for the ashes, similar to a, c, are shown in this Figure 1, and M
is a steam pipe shown in dotted lines across and near the front of the
boiler for the supply of jets of steam into the ash-pit, and thence between
the bars to the fuel, as. indicated by the arrows at M in Figure 2, and
which jets of steam are introduced for the preservation of the fuel bars.
"
'
J
Figure 2 is a longitudinal section of part of the furnace through the
centre of one of the upper bars A in Figure 1, and shows the fuel bar A
resting on the dead plate E and transverse bearer F, and the dotted line
represents the top or crown of, the lower bar B, and D is the door plate
in front of the boiler., The,bars are hero shown as being horizontal in
longitudinal section; they may be at any inclination, and those resting
on the front and back of the bearer F may be differently inclined.
Figure 3 is a sectional plan through x, x, Figure 1, showing also tho
spacing blocks at one end for keeping the bars in position.
Figure 4 is a transverse section of the spacing blocks through G, H,
Figure 2, the dotted lines showing the section of the bars beyond the
spacing blocks. It is evident the bars may be uniform in width or
thickness from end to end, and the spacing blocks formed on E and F,
the dead plate and transverse bearer.
Figure 5 shows the head or horizontal top a, h, a, of the lower bar B
in line with c, c, of the bars A, A, and the outlets for the ashes or least
open spaces between the bars A and B'are here represented as being the
spaces a, c, and a, c, and a line joining a and c would here, as in Figure 1,

page_text: E
be horizontal. Here a, h, a, the head or horizontal top of the lower
bar B, is represented as just above b, d, the under side, and below € the
crown of the cross heads of the upper bars A, A, and if the head or
horizontal top of the lower bar B is brought down so as to be in line
with b, b, of the upper bars A, A, then also a, h, a, the head of bar B,
would not be below the under side of the cross heads of the upper
bars A, A, and in either case c, b, of bars A may be vertical or may be
perpendicular to b, d, in bar A, or may be otherwise inclined towards the
side of the web. The projections or arms of the cross heads on each side
of the vertical web in bars A are here, as will also be better seen in the
enlarged section of Figures 10 and 19, so formed that they can be made
of any required thickness, with the object of preserving them as cool as
possible, and the form also allows that the ashes and clinkers, on falling
down the surface e, c, may immediately drop into the ash-pit on arriving
at c or b.
Figure 6 shows the top or crown of the lower bar B in line with c, c,
of bar A, as in Figures 1 and 5, but here, owing to the rounded head of
the lower bar B and the curved edge or side c, b, of bar A, the outlet for
the ashes or least open space between the heads of any two bars A and B
is inclined to the horizontal line h, c. The top or crown of the lower
bar B may be placed in line with b, b, of the upper bars A, A, in which
case the top of the bars B will not even then be below the under side
of the cross heads of bars A, A, and c, b, of bars A may be vertical or
inclined towards the side of the web of bar A.
Figure 7 shows the lower bar B altogether below the cross heads of the
upper bars A, A, and the outlet for the ashes is therefore in an inclined
position. In this Figure c, b, instead of being curved may be vertical or
inclined to the side of the web of bar A.
E,
Figure 8 shows the top or crown of the lower bar B below but
above c, c, and also above the outlets for the ashes a, c, which outlets
are here shown, as in Figure 5, to be in line and horizontal, but they
may be inclined if a and a are brought down between c and b.
Figure 9 shows the vertical web of bar A in Figure 5 divided so as to
allow a current of air or steam, or of both, to pass upwards through its
length, as indicated by the arrow, or the bottom of the web may be
made solid, as described in Figure 15, so as to allow the air and steam to
circulate from end to end.

page_text: Figure 10 shows another form of fuel bar which may be used, where
c, e, c, is the head, and f, c, is the side of the web, and c the junction
of the head with the side of the web, and the head as a, h, a, or top of
any lower bar B placed in line with c, c, would evidently not be below
the junction of the head with the side of the web.
Figures 11 and 12 show forms of fuel bars built up of two parts, the
upper part of which may be of wrought or rolled iron or steel, and the
lower part of cast iron; and Figure 14 shows a form of bar built up of
three parts. These bars may be kept in position by spacing blocks at
cach end. The fuel bars as already described as having cross heads 1
may be built up of two parts.
Figure 13 shows a fuel bar partly similar in section to bar A in
Figures 5, 16 and 19, and built up of two parts, but it may be formed of
onc piece only.
Figure 15 shows a form of hollow bar for the admission of air or steam 1
or both. The dotted lines at g and i indicate cross tics at intervals to
give strength to the vertical hollow web, and when used as in Figure 17
the bottom or foot may be made solid at i for the whole or nearly so of
its length.
Figure 16 shows an enlarged transverse section of bar A in Figures 5, 6, 2
7, and 8, with the lower bars B on cach side.
Figure 17 shows the longitudinal section of one of the hollow bars
passing through the centre of Figure 15, and N, L, L, are transverse
bearers to support the bars, which bearers are supported at the ends in
the usual manner by pockets formed on the sides of the ash-pit. The 2
arrows show the direction of the air and steam or jets of water from
front to back. The steam may be supplied in any convenient manner
by a pipe in front or below the end of the bars resting on N, and having
openings or tubes opposite to cach hollow bar.
Figure 18 shows the spacing blocks h, k, and 2, 1, formed on the 3
bars A and B, both or cither of which blocks or any other suitable form
may be used intermediately between the supports of the bars shown in
Figures 2 and 17 when required; and if k, h, k, be continued up to €, e,
then the blocking in this Figure 18 may be a convenient form for the
ends of the bars over the bearer N, Figure 17, leaving open spaces m, m,
for the insertion of the pricker rod to clean the heads or cross heads of
the fuel bars from ashes and clinkers when required.
3

page_text: Figure 19 is an enlarged section of the fuel bars, and shows the upper
or major bar A partly similar to the bar A in Figure 5, but here c, b, is
a straight line perpendicular to b, d, or inclined towards the side of the
web, d. The top of the lower bar B on the right of A is in line with
c, c, and is similar, and is similarly situated with regard to its top a, h, a,
as B in Figure 5; but here the other lower bar B on the left of the
upper bar A has a cross head, the top or widest part of which, namely,
a, h, a, is in line with b, b, of bar A, and is therefore not below the
under side of the arms b, d, of the upper or major bar A. It will be
observed that the foot of the lower bars B and B are not in line
with the foot of the bar A, but above it, and therefore the whole
of the lower bars B and B are situated intermediately between the
crown & and foot f.f, of the upper or major bar A. It will also be
observed that the top a, h, a, of the lower bar B is situated intermediately
between the crown e of bar A and the top a, h, a, of the other lower
bar B; and hence if the bars thus arranged were continued across the
width of a furnace, as B³, A, B, A, B², there would be three tiers of bars
parallel to each other instead of only two tiers of bars, as heretofore
described, that is, one tier of upper or major bars A with two tiers of
lower bars B and B³, which method may sometimes be adopted with
advantage.
Figure 20 shows two bars arranged in line with respect to the crown
or top of the bars in the upper series, having an air space between them,
as indicated by the arrow. The lower bars B may be also two in line
with air spaces between them, or any such combination may be made
with either the upper or lower series only.
Figure 21 is a partial sectional elevation of a reverberatory furnace,
where P is the main flue for the waste heat, and T, T, is the water space
of a tubular boiler; and when the damper on the top of P is open and
steam is intended to be introduced to the ash-pit of the fuel furnace of
the reverberatory furnace, or of a reheating furnace, a portion of the
waste heat or gases from P is allowed to pass through flue Q, R, into
and through S, S, the flues of the boiler, and thence escape up the flue V
at which time the dampers p, p, and q, q, are open. The flue R between
the dampers p, p, and S being made of any required length, so that the
boiler may be conveniently situated, is connected by a cross flue, as
shown by the dotted lines at r, r, either to the fuel furnace U in this
Figure, or with a second reverberatory or reheating furnace, as at Q, so

page_text: that when the damper on the top of the flue P and also the damper p, p,
in fluc Q are closed, then the damper (not here shown) in the cross
fluc r,, leading into fluc R is opened, and the boiler T, T, may have
a continued supply of waste heat. W is the steam pipe from the
boiler T, T, which pipe may be connected with any number of furnaces
for the use, as herein-before described, of preserving the fuel bars, or the
steam may be supplied from a boiler heated by the waste heat from a
blast furnace, or in any other manner.
In the various Figures here given the section of the bars in either the
upper or lower series of any particular Figure may be substituted by a
different section of a bar in the same or in any other Figure shown, so as
to form other combinations than those here given, that is to say, for
example, the lower bar B in Figure 6 may be of the same form as the
upper bar A in the same Figure, or it may be of the form of the bar in
Figure 12 or 13, and the head or cross head of the lower bar B may be
of any width relatively or in proportion to that of the upper bar A. The
bars in the upper and lower scries on which the fuel rests instead of
cach being seperate may be formed or cast two or more together, with
a single bar alternately when required, and the bars so connected may
comprise any combination of either the upper or the lower, or of both
bars. In a small furnace the bars so connected may form onc casting.
Our improved system of furnace is applicable to furnaces of all
kinds except cupola, and the mode of application will be readily seen by
all acquainted with the art.
Having now fully described and ascertained the nature of this our
said Invention, and the best means we are acquainted with for carrying
the same into practical effect, we wish it to be understood that we do
not confine ourselves to the dimensions and relative proportions and
distances herein-before described and set forth, as it will be readily seen
the same may be considerably varied without departing from the 3
Invention; and, further, we do not claim as new or as our Invention
the use of steam or air, or a combination thereof, circulating through the
hollow bars described; nor do we claim the introduction of steam to
the ash-pit described for the preservation of the bars, as taken
alone or collectively the application is not new in itself; but what we
claim is,―
First. The arrangement and use of the fuel bars alternately one above

page_text: rests, the heads or cross heads of the lower series of bars being either
less or equal to or greater in width than those in the upper scries, and
the widest part of the head or cross head of the lower bars being above
or not below the junction of the head with the sides of the web or the
under side of the arms of the cross heads of the bars in the upper series,
as described and set forth in Figures 1, 5, 8, 10, 16, and 19 of the
Drawings hereunto attached; and supported in position as described or
in any other convenient manner.
Secondly. The arrangement and use of the fuel bars alternately one
above another, forming an upper and lower series of bars on which the
fuel rests, the heads or cross heads of the lower series of bars being
either less or equal to or greater in width than those in the upper series,
and the top or crown of the curved or beveled heads or cross heads of
the lower scries of bars being not below the junction of the head with
the sides of the web or the under side of the arms of the cross heads of
the bars in the upper series, as described and set forth in Figures 6 and
10 of the Drawings hercunto attached, and supported as described or in
any convenient manner.
Thirdly. The arrangement and use of the fuel bars alternately one
above another, forming an upper and lower series of bars on which the
fuel rests, the heads or cross heads of the lower series of bars being
either less or equal to or greater in width than those in the upper
series, and having the top or crown of the lower series of bars below the
junction of the head with the sides of the web or the under side of the
arms of the cross heads of the bars in the upper series, as described
and set forth in Figure 7 of the Drawings hereunto, attached and
supported as described or in any convenient manner.
Fourthly. The arrangement and use of the fuel bars in an upper and
lower series, as set forth in Figure 20 of the Drawings hercunto
attached, or when either the upper or lower or both series of bars have
the top or crown of two or more adjacent bars in line, whether the tops
or crowns of the lower bars are or are not below the junction of the
head with the side of the web, or the under side of the cross heads of the
bars in the upper series as described.
Fifthly. The construction and use of fuel bars of the form in trans-
verse section as described and shown at bar A in Figures 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,
13, 16, and 10 of the Drawings hereunto attached, having the under
side of the arms of the cross head rising upwards from their lowest

page_text: outer edges to their junction with the vertical web, whether these bars
are used in the upper or lower or in both series of bars, or whether used
in combination with bars of the form B, as illustrated, or other form,
or whether these bars are all arranged adjacent to and in line with
each other with regard to their crown or top, and so as to form only {
one scries of bars for the fuel to rest upon instead of two or more series
of bars.
Sixthly. Forming the lower or intermediate bars marked B so that the
same shall have a less vertical depth than the upper bars A, and arranging
the same that it shall have an intermediate position between the line 1
of the top and bottom of the upper or major bar, that is to say,
that
it shall not be as high on the top nor as low at the bottom as the major
bar A, as described and shown in Figure 19 of the Drawings hereunto
attached.
And, lastly. The general form, arrangement, and combination of the 1
fuel bars, and mode of constructing and arranging furnaces with the
bars in two or more tiers, substantially in the manner and for the
purposes herein-before described, illustrated, and set forth.
In witness whereof, we, the said Joshua Fisher and Henry Fisher,
have hereunto set our hands and affixed our scals, this Thirtieth 2
day of July, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and seventy.
Witness,
WILLIAM WALKER,
of 44, Castle Street,
Liverpool.
JOSHUA (L.s.) FISHER.
HENRY (L.S.) FISHER.