matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN MOUNTING ORDNANCE AND IN THE MACHINERY, APPARATUS, OR MEANS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Moncrieff at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
December 1864.
I, ALEXANDER MONCRIEFF, of Edinburgh, in the County of Mid Lothian,
North Britain, Captain in the Edinburgh Militia Artillery, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MOUNTING ORDNANCE
AND IN THE MACHINERY, APPARATUS, OR MEANS CONNECTED THEREWITH," to be
as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the construction and
arrangement of platforms and carriages for mounting garrison guns "en
barbette," and has for its objects the affording of increased means of protec-
tion to the detachment serving the gun, whilst the gun itself is little exposed as
it can be served and the laying is almost completely out of reach of the
enemy's fire. These objects are attained by mounting the gun carriage on
two curved elevators, to which are connected suitable counterweights, with
apparatus to apply friction and a purchase for raising and lowering the gun,
together with a reflecting sight and a scale on the traversing rail. The
elevators are joined by two axles or shafts, on one of which the front part of the
carriage rests, on the other the counterweights consisting of blocks of any heavy
material, and are fixed thereto to keep the gun in position. When recoil
takes place the gun at first moves parallel to its longitudinal axis, and it
afterwards lowers itself into a position convenient for loading out of fire, the

page_text: force of the recoil is retained for bringing back the gun into the firing position,
the elevators are curved so as to give an increasing resistance to the recoil,
and two sets of buffers are attached, one for checking the forward motion of
the gun into the firing position, the other for stopping when required the
last of the recoil. The reflector is attached to the lower part of the breech of
the gun, whilst that which corresponds to the ordinary back sight is suspended
from the middle of the gun in a convenient position for the gunner who aims,
and who is thus enabled to lay the piece with his back to the parapet, and
without exposing his person, viewing the range in the reflector suspended from
the breech. The scale herein-before referred to as fixed to the traversing rail
corresponds with one drawn on a chart of the country surrounding the
battery and thus whilst the gun is lowered the officer is enabled to direct the
traversing.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF OBTAINING IMPRESSIONS FROM TYPOGRAPHIC SURFACES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Mackie and James
Salmon at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 17th May 1864.
We, ALEXANDER MACKIE, of Warrington, Newspaper Proprietor, and
JAMES SALMON, of Manchester, Agent, both in the County of Lancaster,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
METHOD OF OBTAINING IMPRESSIONS FROM TYPOGRAPHIC SURFACES," to be as
follows:-
Our Invention is designed for the purpose of obtaining impressions (where
only a few are required, such as "proofs" for correction) from type or other
surfaces used for printing, without the use of ink, the employment of which
entails considerable trouble and loss of time as the type requires cleansing
before it is "distributed" in the event of errors occurring.
Our improvement consists in the application and use for such purpose of
paper, cloth, or other suitable fabric, prepared by being treated with oil and
black or colored carbonaceous matter, such paper or printing material being
placed between the type, and the paper on which the impression is to be made,
so that upon pressure being applied, the impression of the type is transferred
to the paper through the medium of the black or colored paper without the
use of ink as hitherto employed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING COLORING MATTERS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Smith at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th May
1864.
I, RICHARD SMITH, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Manufacturing Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING COLORING MATTERS," to be as follows, that is
to say :-
This Invention of improvements in obtaining coloring matters consists in
taking a salt of rosaniline and treating it with an iodide or bromide of an alcohol
radical; and in practising the Invention there are taken, for example, one
part of hydrochlorate or acetate of rosaniline, two parts of methylated spirit,
and two parts of iodide of ethyl, and this mixture is heated in a close vessel
at a temperature of about 210 degrees Fahrenheit for about five or six hours.
The product is dissolved in or has added to it about two parts of methylated
spirit, and is then boiled with a solution of caustic soda. A matter separates
which must be combined with hydrochloric or other suitable acid, and be
dissolved in methylated spirit, when it will be fit for dyeing and printing, the
color produced being violet. If the proportions are slightly varied, nearly the
same results will be obtained.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR DRAWING OFF OR EMPTYING THE CONTENTS OF CASKS, SHIPS' TANKS, AND OTHER VESSELS CONTAINING PETROLEUM, PARAFFIN, AND OTHER MATTERS OR LIQUIDS, AND ALSO THE APPLICATION OF SIMILAR APPARATUS FOR THE SUPPLY AND STOPPAGE OF AIR
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Henry Taylor at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th October
1864.
I, EDWARD HENRY TAYLOR, of Padeswood, near Mold, in the County of
Flint, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR DRAWING OFF OR EMPTYING THE CONTENTS OF CASKS,
SHIPS' TANKS, AND OTHER VESSELS CONTAINING PETROLEUM, PARAFFIN, AND OTHER
MATTERS OR LIQUIDS, AND ALSO THE APPLICATION OF SIMILAR APPARATUS FOR THE
SUPPLY AND STOPPAGE OF AIR," to be as follows:-
To the end, side, or other part of the vessel I fix a flange and tube by
screws, rivets, or other means, which tubo projects into the interior of tho
vessel, and its interior is screwed as a nut. Into this screwed part of the tube
I screw a tubular plug open at the front and closed at the back, there being
in the body of the plug near the back a number of perforations, and at the
front end two or more notches or recesses. The end part of the discharge
tap or pipe is screwed to correspond with the interior of the tube fixed to the
vesel, and its extreme end has two or more projections corresponding with
the aforesaid notches in the plug, and when the contents of the vessel have to
be withdrawn the projections are entered into the notches, and the end of the
tap or pipe screwed into the tube, and as the projections and notches move
together the plug is unscrewed from the tube, thereby allowing the perfora-
tions to be open to the contents of the vessel, which then escape through the
interior of the plug to the tap or pipe. When the tap or pipe is required to.

page_text: be removed it is unscrewed from the tube, and at the same time it turns the
plug and draws it into the tube, and closes the perforations, so as to make the
vessel perfectly tight, and thus prevent leakage.
For supplying and shutting off air to the vessels I use vents formed in a
similar manner, the pipe having the projections being connected to a valve 5
or tap. Similar apparatus is also applicable to the mains of water and gas
pipes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CERTAIN KINDS OF SOAP
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th January 1864.-A communication from abroad by Jules Mathieu,
of Rue St. Sebastien, Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CERTAIN KINDS
OF SOAP," to be as follows:-
These improvements in the manufacture of certain kinds of soap apply to
the manufacture of soaps in which silicate of soda or aluminate of soda is
combined with the soaps produced by the combination of oily or fatty acids
(with or without the addition of resin) with soda. These improvements are
effected by causing oily or fatty acids (a condition of oils and fats which is
well understood), with or without the addition of resin, to become combined
with a mixed solution of caustic soda (commonly called "Iyes") and of
silicate of soda or of aluminate of soda; and I effect this combination by
causing the materials employed to be raised to an average temperature of
about 85 degrees centigrade, or occasionally to a boiling temperature, when
by means of agitation the materials are thoroughly blended together, and the
mixture is then transferred into ordinary soap frames to solidify. If it is
wished to produce a mottled soap by this mode of working, coloring matter is
added to the mixture before transferring it to the soap frames.
The following is an example of the proportions of materials suitable to be
used in effecting this Invention:-One hundred pounds of oily or fatty acids of

page_text: of oily or fatty acids mixed with resins, fifty pounds of caustic soda lyes at
30 degrees Beaumé, fifty pounds of solution of silicate or of aluminate
of soda at 24 degrees Beaumé. These proportions must be varied to some
extent, according to the qualities of the materials used and according to
the quality of soap required to be produced.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF PRINTING OR REPRESENTING MUSICAL CHARACTERS AND NOTES SO AS TO FACILITATE THE 'READING OFF OF A MUSICAL COMPOSITION
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Bernard Harpur at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th March 1864.
I, THOMAS BERNARD HARPUR, of Kildare, in Ireland, Clerk in Holy Orders,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
METHOD OF PRINTING OR REPRESENTING MUSICAL CHARACTERS AND NOTES SO AS TO
FACILITATE THE 'READING OFF OF A MUSICAL COMPOSITION," to be as follows:-
By this Invention I am enabled to render the notes or musical characters
appertaining to any given part in "part music" readily appreciable to the
eye, by the method of producing the same on paper or other material in
different colors, as, for instance, the 24th Psalm arranged for first, second,
tenor, and bass, may be first, black; second, green; the tenor, red; and bass,
blue; or these colors may be interchanged. And I effectuate my Invention by
printing each color by means of types or producers (duly inked or colored)
made of gutta percha (or equivalent material) attached to a flat board or
surface, though lithographic block printing, or other printing may be resorted
to as preferable. And this Invention might, if desirable, be used to dis-
tinguish the different notes, tones, or semitones, or other characters or musical
signs.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PROJECTILES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Cail at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th December
1864.
I, RICHARD CAIL, of Gateshead, in the County of Durham, Chemical
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PROJECTILES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in constructing shot, shell, and other projectiles with
spiral sinkings or grooves on the sides and rear, to be acted on by the gas in
the gun in order to impart rotary motion thereto. I fit to projectiles, when in
the form of cylinders, a loose end at the rear, which will fall from the pro-
jectile after leaving the gun, and the air will pass through the cylinder; or the
projectile may be solid.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN HOOKS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Larkin at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th October
1864.
I, HENRY LARKIN, of 6, Great Cheyne Row, Chelsea, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN HOOKS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the formation of looks adapted for securely
connecting together detatched articles of various kinds, also for suspending
curtains and other fabrics and portable objects.
These improvements relate, first, to the formation of a double hook, by so
shaping a piece of metal that the middle part of its length may be formed
into a kind of shank, and its ends bent over side by side, in a reverse direction,
so as to enclose a space like the link of a chain, with a spring entrance or exit
on either side. These hooks may be made with either double or single
shanks; they may also be made in the form of links, without any distinct
shanks.
Secondly, the improvements relate to the formation of a kind of hook with
a snap fastening, which hook may be formed by bending a piece of metal into
three loops, the first and largest loop forming the hook itself, the end of which
is turned over to form a catch, the second loop forming a shank, and the
third and smallest loop forming an eye, into which the catch of the hook
springs and fastens.

page_text: And, thirdly, the improvements relate to the formation of a combined snap
hook and spring pin by forming a piece of metal into three nearly parallel
lengths. The first and second lengths constitute the hook and stem, the end
of the hook being turned over to form a catch, while the third length forms a
pin, which is pointed, so as to enter readily any given fabric. Near one end
of the intermediate length or stem is a transverse loop to receive and hold the
end of the pin when pressed into it, and near the other end is a circular loop
to receive and hold the catch at the end of the hook. Another arrangement
of this pin hook may be produced from a slip of metal with two prongs, so
bent that the two prongs may form two pins, fastening into two catches-
proceeding from the sides of the hook stem, while the end of the hook, by
incans of two other side projections, catches in between the roots of the
prongs. Or, lastly, a simple hook may be used in combination with either
one or two prongs or pins, and without any catch or spring fastening either
to the hook or the pin.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR FINISHING TEXTILE FABRICS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Hiley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th July
1864.
I, SAMUEL HILEY, of the Firm of Samuel Hiley and Son, of Huddersfield,
in the County of York, Merchants and Finishers, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR FINISHING
TEXTILE FABRICS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a process in finishing called "inking," which is
applying ink or other colouring liquid to small spots or parts of woollen fabrics
or mixture fabrics which have not taken the dye in the process of dyeing.
Heretofore such application of ink has either been effected by means of a
pen or similar instrument used by hand touching each spot or part not dyed,
separately with ink, or by the use of a brush dipped in ink, and passed over
the whole surface of the fabric by hand, after the manner of hand raising.
Now my improvements consist in the employment of one, two, or more
rollers covered with plush (or cylindrical brushes may be employed) mounted
in suitable framework, and another roller, either plain or covered with serge
or similar material, placed underneath in contact with one of them in a
trough supplied with ink or other colouring liquid. Fabrics to be inked are
draw over the plush rollers by means of ordinary nipping or drawing rollers,
and motion is given to the plush rollers in a reverse direction to the travel of
the fabric, by which means the ink or other colouring liquid is applied to such
fabrics with much greater facility than heretofore.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN PERCUSSION CAPS, IN LUBRICATING WADS, AND IN TUBES FOR ORDNANCE
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gilbert Troward Key at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th February 1864.
I, GILBERT TROWARD KEY, of Portsmouth, in the County of Hants, Lieu-
tenant in the Royal Navy, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN PERCUSSION CAPS, IN LUBRICATING WADS, AND IN
TUBES FOR ORDNANCE," to be as follows:-
My improvement consists in the employment of zinc alloyed with lead, or
of zinc softened by heating after being rolled, in substitution for copper now
employed for the manufacture of caps, wads, and tubes for fire-arms and
ordnance.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR STOPPING BOTTLES, JARS, AND OTHER VESSELS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nathan Thompson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th May
1864.
I, NATHAN THOMPSON, of No. 15, Abbey Gardens, St. John's Wood, in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR STOPPING BOTTLES, JARS, AND OTHER
VESSELS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for stopping
bottles, jars, and other vessels, and it applies to those descriptions of stopping
apparatus for stopping bottles, jars, and other vessels in which a ring of india-
rubber is used, and where the said ring, when the stopper is in its place in
the bottle, jar, or vessel, is compressed by a screw and cone, or otherwise, so
as to squeeze it outwards, and thus make a tight joint against the sides of the
neck or mouth of the vessel, but with such stopping apparatus it is found that
the contents of the bottle or vessel, especially if of an oily nature, are liable to
injure the india-rubber.
Now, according to this Invention, I prevent the contents of the bottle or
vessel coming in contact with the india-rubber by covering the bottom and
sides of the stopping apparatus with a tin or other thin metal capsule, such as
is now commonly applied to the necks of bottles to cover the corks. This

page_text: capsule is sufficiently elastic to expand and contract with the india-rubber
within so that it does not interfere with the working of the stopping apparatus,
to which it gives an impermeable and unalterable surface. In place of a
metal capsule a capsule of thin gutta percha or other impermeable material
may in many cases be advantageously employed.
AN IMPROVED TREATMENT OF TAR OR "DEAD" OIL TO OBTAIN PRODUCTS THEREFROM, AND IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE PROCESS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Lauder at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd January
1864.
I, GEORGE LAUDER, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED TREATMENT
OF TAR OR "DEAD" OIL TO OBTAIN PRODUCTS THEREFROM, AND IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE PROCESS," to be as follows:-
The treatment to which I subject the liquid obtained in the manufacture of
naptha from coal tar, and known as tar or dead oil, consists essentially in
mixing the said oil with petroleum, naptha, turpentine, or other bydrocarbon
liquid, but preferably with petroleum spirit, subjecting the mixture to the
action of an acid or acids, an alkali or alkalis, and distilling the mixture to
obtain the following products, namely, the spirit or hydrocarbon added to the
tar or dead oil, refined tar or dead oil, or a mixture of these two according to
the weight required, and a thick lubricant.
Experimentally I have taken 100 parts of tar or dead oil, added thereto
50 parts of petroleum spirit, and then to the mixture 4 per centum of sul-
phuric acid, I thoroughly agitated these, and allowed such mixture to stand
for say, twelve hours, at the end of that time the sediment which had settled
to the bottom of the vessel was drawn off. The mixture was then washed
with water, and allowed to stand over a solution of chloride of lime for about
six hours, the sediment was again drawn off, and the washing with water

page_text: repeated, after which the mixture was pumped or passed into the still, and
distilled over by the application of heat, and collected in receivers as required.
The thick lubricant was the residue left in the retort after the oil was distilled
over.
My improvements in apparatus employed in obtaining the above-named
products consist in the employment of a pipe or vessel between the still and
receiver or receivers. Such pipe or vessel being filled to any desired level
with water, dilute sulphuric acid, or other acid or acids, or an alkali or alkalis,
over the surface of which liquid the distillate has to pass. The desired liquid
level is maintained through a syphon or other bent pipe connected at its outer
end to a source of supply.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FABRIC SUITABLE FOR SAIL-CLOTHS, AWNINGS, TARPAULINGS, AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Bruce at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th October
1864.
I, JOHN BRUCE, of South Shields, in the County of Durham, Sail and Sail-
cloth Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FABRIC SUITABLE FOR SAIL-CLOTHS,
AWNINGS, TARPAULINGS, AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
Fabric used in the manufacture of sail-cloths, awnings, tarpaulings, and
other surfaces are made in comparatively narrow breadths, which are sewn
together to the width or size desired. The forming of a number of seams
for such surfaces is expensive, and when formed it is at the seams that wear
is generally first manifested by splitting and wear at those parts, rendering
repeated sewing and repair necessary.
The object of my improvements is to lessen the cost of manufacturing such
surfaces as well as to obtain them stronger and more durable where the seams.
would be, by weaving the fabric in wide breadths, or breadths equal to two or
more narrow breadths, yet having an appearance to resemble seams obtained
by the sewing together of narrow breadths, but with greatly increased dura:
bility and strength. For this purpose I employ looms adapted in width to.
the width of fabric to be produced, and at convenient distances across the
width of the fabric, where the seams would be formed if made up of narrow
breadths, extra thick and strong warp yarns, corded or otherwise, are intro-
duced between the ordinary warps, and they are woven into or upon the

page_text: fabric so as to run up and give it the desired appearance with increased
durability and strength. At the parts of the reed where these extra or thicker
yarns are introduced I form the plates or bars of it stronger and wider apart
than at the intermediate parts; and in winding up the woven fabric I introduce
other fabric between the parts of increased thickness and strength to com-
pensate for such increased thickness at the other parts, or I apply other
suitable means to insure uniformity of weaving.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER AND REVOLVING SHUTTERS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Grafton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
November 1864.
I, HENRY GRAFTON, of Brompton Square, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN ROLLER AND REVOLVING SHUTTERS," to be as follows:—
This Invention has for its object improvements in roller and revolving
shutters. For these purposes the laths are grooved or recessed at the
back in order to receive strong woven bands, and such bands are fixed
by cement or otherwise in such grooves or recesses. One edge of each
of the laths is made convex and concave; the other edge is made to
correspond, in order that a shutter composed of numerous parallel laths may
bend freely around a roller on which the shutter is wound. In some cases in
each lath vertical slots are formed for the passage of thin metal bands, which
are preferred to be of spring steel, though other thin metal bands may be
similarly employed. These vertical slots are each formed with one side
parallel or nearly so to the faces of the lath, but the other side of each
slot is formed of two inclines, which meet in the middle of the slot, conse-
quently each slot is wider at the edges of the lath than in the centre, the
object being to produce an undulating passage from top to bottom of the
shutter, so that a greater length of metal band may be received in each of
the undulating passages through the shutter than the distance from top to
bottom of the shutter, consequently this form of slot permits the metal bands

page_text: to coil up upon the roller, notwithstanding that they are at a distance from
the surfaces of the laths; the metal band when within the shutter being bent
in alternate directions. In some cases at the ends of each lath there are pins
or projecting axes, which pass or move in grooves in such manner as to admit
of shutters constructed according to my Invention winding into a roll without
the use of rollers. In order to fix the spring barrel or box of a revolving or
rolling shutter with greater facility, I form and fix the spring box in the
following manner :-On the axis of the coiled spring a conical screw is
formed, which will enter itself by the rotation of the axis. On the axis
is fixed a disc or plate with holes through it for the passage of screws, so
that when the self-entering screw has been wound in the plate is further
fixed by screws. On the axis is a neb or hook, to which one end of the
spring is attached, whilst the other end is attached to a neb or hook on the
inside of the box or case. The spring is wound up by turning the barrel or
box on the axis by means of a spanner placed on a projection on the barrel
or case.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING AND SPINNING FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Greenwood at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st April
1864.
I, JAMES GREENWOOD, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, Engine
Driver, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PREPARING AND SPINNING FIBROUS MATERIALS,"
to be as follows:―
This Invention consists in improved modes of traversing the rollers employed
in carding, roving, and spinning machinery, for the purpose of preventing
hollow places in the rollers. I cause the bar on or through which the drawing
or roving passes to the rollers to move to and fro in a uniform manner without
stopping at either end of the stroke by jointing the bar to three connecting
rods, working at their other ends on three cranks, one of which is out of the
central line behind the other two to the distance of about three-sixteenths of
an inch, and one of the connecting rods is the same distance shorter than the
other two, so that when one crank is on the centre, pulling the bar, another
crank is three-sixteenths of an inch behind it, and when the first-mentioned
crank is on its opposite centre the third crank is three-sixteenths of an inch
before the second crank, by which means the bar is constantly in motion. The
distance of three-sixteenths of an inch is suitable for general purposes, but any
other required distance may be employed. In another arrangement I form

page_text: slots at one end of one of the connecting rods, through which slots the crank
pin is passed and kept to its place by springs; which yield when the other
cranks are turning their centres, and prevent undue friction.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WELDING STEEL AND CAST OR MALLEABLE IRON
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Carson Corsan at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th June 1864:
I, WILLLAM CARSON CORSAN, of Little Pond Street, Sheffield, in the County
of York, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN WELDING STEEL AND CAST OR MALLEABLE IRON," to be as
follows:-
My improvements consist in employing in the welding of steel and cast or
malleable iron a composition formed by the mixture of borax, Calais sand,
emery, and manganese. The proportions of these which I have found to
answer are,
Borax
50 parts,
Calais sand
Emery
Manganese
But I do not confine myself to these proportions.
30 parts,
10 parts, and
10 parts,
100
IMPROVEMENTS IN BAKING APPARATUS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Moses Gillingham and Thomas
Gillingham at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 11th October 1864.
We, MOSES GILLINGHAM, of Tottenham Court Road, in the County of
Middlesex, and THOMAS GILLINGHAM, of the same Place, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BAKING APPARATUS,"
to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in certain arrangements of the furnace and flues in
baking ovens whereby a greater, more continuous,, and equable heat is applied
to the article to be baked.
This we accomplish by placing the furnace directly beneath the oven and
making the flue pass out at the further extremity of the grate, and leading into
the oven and passing out upwards at a short distance within the oven door.
At each side of the furnace we have two other smaller flues passing up the
sides of the oven and uniting in the afore-mentioned main flue at a consider-
able distance above the top of the oven. The afore-mentioned main flue is
closed by a damper at any point before it enters the oven, the said damper to
be closed when the side flues are used, and another damper is applied at a
short distance below where the two side flues enter the main flue which is used
to prevent any down draught. The aforesaid side flues are also furnished
with dampers at any convenient place, which are to be closed when it is
desired to heat the oven by means of the main flue. Between the top of the
furnace and the floor of the oven we have an air chamber communicating

page_text: with the external atmosphere by means of iron gratings, ventilating bricks,
or similar contrivances, the object of this air chamber being to prevent the too
rapid action of the fire in the furnace beneath. The afore-mentioned main
flue and side flues are furnished with soot doors for the purpose of cleaning
them out when required. The furnace and oven are closed by suitable doors
and there is an ash-pit below the furnace.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF INK
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward. Newton at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th October 1864.-A communication from abroad by Josiah Vincent
Lavers, of Sydney, New South Wales.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF INK," to be
as follows:-
This Invention of improvements in the manufacture of ink consists in com-
bining with an aqueous extract an infusion of bruised Aleppo galls, a proper
proportion of sulphate of iron, gum arabic, and cloves, and submitting the
liquid mixture, drop by drop, to the action of the air.
The proportions in which the several ingredients may be employed for the
purposes of the Invention admit of considerable variation, but as an example
I may say that to manufacture, say, 150 gallons of ink, 120 lbs. of bruised
Aleppo galls should be placed in a suitable open vessel and covered with cold
water, in which they should be macerated for about 14 days. A sufficient
quantity of boiling water to make the required quantity of liquid is then added
with 50 lbs. of green sulphate of iron, 50 lbs. of gum arabic, and about 12 lbs.
of cloves. After these ingredients have been allowed to stand for a short
time until the sulphate of iron and gum arabic have become dissolved, the
liquid is poured into vessels provided with perforated bottoms, the holes in which
are filled with cotton wick or threads about a foot long, and which hang down

page_text: therefrom. The liquid passes through the perforated bottoms of the vessels
and down the pendant threads, and is thus filtered, and in so doing becomes
exposed in minute subdivision to the action of the air, which fixes the colour
during the filtering process instead of this result requiring months to effect as
is now the case. The ink thus produced will be perfectly limpid and free
from sediment.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF THE EXHAUST OR BLAST PIPES AND CHIMNEYS OF LOCOMOTIVE AND OTHER STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Spencer at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd June
1864. A communication from abroad by Joseph Marks, of Montreal,
Canada.
I, GEORGE SPENCER, of No. 6, Cannon Street West, London, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF THE EXHAUST OR BLAST PIPES
AND CHIMNEYS OF LOCOMOTIVE AND OTHER STEAM ENGINES," to be as follows:―
My Invention consists in arranging the exhaust pipe or pipes of locomotive
or other steam engines as near to the bottom of the smoke box as possible, so
as to relieve the pistons of back pressure, and also in a lifting or conducting
pipe arranged with open spaces at the bottom and top ends when placed in
the smoke box of locomotive or other steam engines. The open space around
the top of the lifting pipe is placed either between the pipe and top of smoke
box or between the top of the lifting pipe and the chimney to allow of the
passage of the escaping gases from the smoke box. The bottom end is made
of a bell mouth or other suitable shape so as to receive the escaping gases
from the bottom part of the boiler, and at the same time guiding the exhaust
steam in a direct line through the top chimney, thereby keeping up a con-
tinuous draught on the fire thereby keeping the bottom tubes clear of the
products of combustion, and it also prevents any large accumulation of com-

page_text: bustible matter or product of combustion in the smoke box, such as is the case
with the old common exhaust pipe or pipes, and at the same time produces a
larger amount of draught with a given amount of steam than can be obtained
by any other mode now in use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING AND POTTING THE ROES OF FISH
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Banger, at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th November
1864.
I, JOHN BANGER, of Oxford Street, in the County of Middlesex, Shrimp
Sauce Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING AND POTTING THE ROES OF FISH," to be as
follows:-
I take the hard roes of cod fish which I cleanse and trim, I then pickle
and salt them in brine, which I flavour with bay leaves put in the brine.
The roes so salted and flavoured are then smoked with elm wood or sawdust
somewhat in the manner of smoking fish, but I mix with the burning sawdust
or wood a quantity of walnut tree leaves. When the roes are so smoked they
are hung up in a suitable place till required to be potted; for this purpose I
steam the rows a sufficient length of time to cook and soften them, when they
are ready for potting, I then place the roe in pots or other receptacles and
close them as air-tight as possible, when they are ready for use or may be kept
for a great length of time.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE METHODS OF SOFTENING OR DISSOLVING BONE, HORN, HAIR, LEATHER,. CURRIERS' SHAVINGS, RAW HIDES, SCRAPS, WOOL, WOOLLEN RAGS, OR OTHER ANIMAL MATTERS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Wadsworth at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th February
1864.
I, JAMES WADSWORTH, of Heaton Norris, in the County of Lancaster,
Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE METHODS OF SOFTENING OR DISSOLVING BONE, HORN, HAIR, LEATHER,.
CURRIERS' SHAVINGS, RAW HIDES, SCRAPS, WOOL, WOOLLEN RAGS, OR OTHER
ANIMAL MATTERS," to be as follows:-
I steep or wash the matters to be softened or dissolved in human or animal
urine, or urine and excrements combined, and then place the product in a
closed vessel or retort, which is heated by steam, hot air, or water by means.
of a steam jacket or outer casing, or by any other convenient means; or the
matters may be boiled in urine or urine and excrements combined; or I
place the matters to be dissolved or softened in a vessel, and cause them to
be acted upon by the vapours arising from human or animal urine, or urine
and excrements combined; or instead of the urine I may employ, if found
desirable, a composition of all or any of the salts, acids, or constituents of
which urine is composed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY SIGNALS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Daniel Chattaway at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
6th April 1864.
I, EDWIN DANIEL CHATTAWAY, of 1, New Broad Street, in the City of
London, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY SIGNALS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to improvements in railway signals, and consists in
constructing the posts of semaphore and other similar railway signals of
tubular iron, and either coated or not coated with vitreous enamel or other
similar material. The posts may be constructed either in one piece of tubular
iron of suitable diameter, or in several pieces of suitable lengths, and diameter,
and if in several pieces the pieces may be connected together by right and
left handed screws, or other suitable means to the length required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MOULDINGS AND ORNAMENTAL DEVICES ON WOOD
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Pierre Germain Etesse at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th May 1864.
I, PIERRE GERMAIN ETESSE, of Grande Rue de Passy, Paris, in the Empire
of France, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MOULDINGS AND ORNAMENTAL DEVICES ON WOOD," to be
as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
mouldings and ornamental devices on wood. For these purposes in place of
preparing the mouldings and ornamental devices separately by moulding the
same, and then causing them to be fixed or glued on to wood as heretofore,
moulds of gelatine or other flexible material are according to this Invention
employed in the following manner :-The wood to be employed, whether for
picture or other frames or for decorative mouldings, is simply shaped roughly
to the contour or outline of the intended moulding or ornamental device. A
gelatine or flexible mould of the intended device or moulding produced from a
pattern in the usual manner is then filled with the ordinary material or other
composition in a fluid state, and then the wood is pressed into the mould so as to
displace a portion of the liquid or soft material or composition, leaving only so
much as will produce the desired device, and the material or composition is
then allowed to set whilst the wood is held in position in the mould. When the
material or composition has set it will adhere to the rough wooden surface

page_text: and allow the flexible mould to be removed, and such mould may be again and
again used. The moulds are made in suitable boxes of wood or other material
to give to them sufficient strength and support.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PADDLE WHEELS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
April 1864.-A communication from abroad by John Merlett, of
Bound Brook, in the State of New Jersey, United States of America.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PADDLE WHEELS,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to that class of feathering paddle wheels in which the
floats are feathered by bringing them to positions parallel with the planes of
rotation of the wheels, the floats being attached to spindles which are arranged
radially, or thereabouts, to the shaft of the wheel, and the said spindles being so
fitted to the wheel as to be capable of turning on their respective axes for the
purpose of feathering the floats and returning them to their operative positions
parallel with the shaft, such wheels being capable of working either wholly or
partly submerged in the water. The Invention consists in constructing such
a paddle wheel with a hollow hub or nave of suitable diameter and depth, fur-
nishing the float spindles within the hub with a system of wipers, and also
arranging within the hub a stationary cam or system of stationary cams, in
contact with which the wipers are caused to work by the rotation of the wheel
so as to produce the turning movement of the spindles and floats at the proper
stages of their rotation about the axis of the wheel, and to prevent them from
turning during the remainder of such rotation.

page_text: The Invention also consists in the construction of the entire frame of such
paddle wheel in the form of a box, which is divided in a plane perpendicular
to its axis into two equal parts, whereby facility is afforded for the insertion
and the securing of the bucket spindles, wipers, and cams, and for their
removal and repair. It further consists in securing the stationary cam or
cams in place within the hollow hub of the wheel by means of a stationary
socket attached to the vessel surrounding the shaft of the wheel and fitting to
& stuffing box in the hollow hub.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPLYING LEATHER TO THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS, CAPS, BONNETS, AND GENERALLY ANY ARTICLE OF HEAD DRESS FOR MEN, WOMEN, AND CHILDREN
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Adolph Geber at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th March
1864.
I, ADOLPH GEBER, of Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPLYING LEATHER
TO THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS, CAPS, BONNETS, AND GENERALLY ANY ARTICLE OF
HEAD DRESS FOR MEN, WOMEN, AND CHILDREN," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in manufacturing hats, caps, bonnets, and other
articles of head dress of one entire piece of leather in the following manner :-
A piece of leather of the requisite dimensions, and of any suitable description
that will become soft and pliable when subjected to the action of steam at
212 degrees Fahrenheit, is firstly placed upon a perforated mould or plate,
and is there subjected to the action of one or more jets of steam situated
beneath the mould or plate. The steam passing through the perforations of
the mould or plate acts in such a manner upon the leather that after about
half-an-hour the latter becomes sufficiently soft and pliable. When requisite,
a coating of any suitable waterproof solution is then applied to the back
surface of the leather, and it is then immediately placed upon a wooden mould
of the hat, bonnet, or whatever article of head dress it is intended for, where
it is subjected to the various operations requisite to enable it to assume per-
manently the shape of the mould. These operations consist, firstly, in blocking
the leather by means of hollow pads of felt or moistened rags until it has

page_text: assumed the exact shape of the mould, which is effected in about a quarter
of an hour, and as the operation is not continuous the workman can attend
to several moulds at the same time. If the article of head dress for which
the leather is intended is required to have a projecting portion, such as the
brim of a hat or the peak of a cap, the workman after the blocking is com-
pleted ties a string tightly round the form at the place where the projection
is required to be made, and such projection is then moulded into the
required form; the string is not removed until the moulded leather has been
dried and is ready for ironing; the ironing is effected by means of heated irons,
in the manner employed in the manufacture of felt hats. If the projecting
portion is required to be very stiff, such as the brim of a hat or the peak of a
cap, a piece of stiff leather or other suitable material may be cemented or
otherwise attached to it. The moulded leather article after being ironed
then only requires to be lined, covered, or ornamented in any suitable manner,
according to the use for which it is intended, and, if required, the leather may
be previously dyed or coloured..
IMPROVE- MENTS IN UMBRELLAS AND SUN-SHADES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William White at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th July
1864.
I, WILLIAM WHITE, of Abergavenny, in the County of Monmouth, Builder's
Foreman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN UMBRELLAS AND SUN-SHADES," to be as follows:-
My improvements have for their object to render umbrellas and sun-shades
more portable, which are so made as to be folded up and readily and con-
venienty packed in a carpet bag or carried in the pocket. They are also
capable of being adjusted on a walking-stick without the use of springs, and
cannot be turned or damaged by the wind. Each rib is jointed in the
middle with a stop-back joint similar to that of a single-jointed rule; this
admits of the ribs folding in the middle of their length, which they do in an
outward direction, but maintain their straight line rigidly in the opposite
direction; the strainers or stretchers are attached to the same joint rivet.
The slide or runner is moved up the handle to collapse the umbrella or sun-
shade, and downwards to open or expand it, that is to say, in the contrary
direction to those in present use; by being so constructed and operated the
covering folds itself up to just half the length of the rib. The handle is
telescopic, made small, and of 2, 3, or more sliding pieces, with a groove and
stud to prevent collapsing. When the umbrella or sun-shade is is expanded
it works with a double spring to keep the frame extended.

page_text: When applied to a walking-stick the article is of the same construction, but
without the handle, and in the interior of the ferrule and slide is fixed a
spring somewhat in the line of the stick, fastened at the lower end, and regu-
lated or acted on near the upper end by a small thumbscrew, so as to fix
to different sizes of sticks. The slide in both cases is about three inches in
length.