Machine for Making Cement Pipes.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 12th Nov., 1892-Accepted, 17th Dec., 1892
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Machine for Making Cement Pipes.
1, EMANUEL OEHRLE, of Omaha, in the County of Douglas and State of
Nebraska, of the United States of America, Pattern Maker, do bereby declare the
nature of this invention and. in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to improvements in machines for molding sewer-pipes. In
it vertical reciprocating steam-rammers operate in conjunction with a rotating
sewer-pipe mold, and in it, after molding, the core part of the mold is rapidly raised
by friction raising mechanism, and in it the counterbalancing of the rammers is
done by air pressure.
The objects of my improvement are, first, a more rapid and superior production
of the sewer-pipe; secondly, a simpler, more durable, less expensive to operate, and
cheaper machine than those now in use. I attain these objects by the machine
illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which―
Figure 1 represents a vertical central longitudinal section of the entire machine,
showing the molding of the sewer-pipe with its bell downward.
Figure 2 is a detached top view of the core-mold-raising mechanism at the top
part of the machine.
Figure 3 is a detached horizontal section of the steam-rammer arm and cylinder
and valve of the same.
Figure 4 is a detached top view of the sewer-pipe mold, the rammers, and the
steam-cylinder guide arms, and the mold-guide engaged therewith, all shown on a
somewhat larger scale.
Fig. 5 is a detached vertical section of the clutches and bevel driving-gear for
rotating the pipe-mold and core-raising mechanism of the same.
Fig. 6 is a detached horizontal section of the core-mold of the same, shown
contracted and removed from the machine and shaped for a round pipe.
Fig. 7 is a vertical section of the same.
Fig. 8 is a detached vertical section of the shell of the core-mold.
Fig. 9 represents a side elevation, with parts bisected, of a modification of the
machine for molding the pipe with its bell on the top and shown on a reduced
scale.
.
Fig. 10 is a vertical lateral section nearly central through the mold of the same
and on the same scale.
:
Fig. 11 is a detached view of the top of the same, shown on a larger scale.
Fig. 12 is a horizontal section of the same, taken at the top of the steam-rammer
cylinders and arms on the same scale.
Fig. 13 is a detached top. view of the bell-core mold of the same.
Fig. 14 is a top view of the core-mold cover for round pipe.
Similar letters and numerals of reference indicate corresponding parts in the
several figures.
1
The principal mechanisms of this machine consist of, first, a vertical metal type-
mold having an exterior section to form the periphery of the pipe and an interior
section to form the core and a third section to form the interior of the bell of the
pipe second, a mechanism for contracting said interior section of the mold and
for withdrawing or raising the same from the outer section after molding;
third, a mechanism for rotating the mold while molding, and, fourth, a mechanism
for ramming the cement mixture into the mold by steam-rammers, in conjunction
with mechanism for partially counterbalancing the pressure of the steam-rammers
to obtain a desired.equal density of the rammed cement in the mold.

page_text: top of its forward part has a central slot and its hollow space underneath contains
the mechanism for supporting the mold and table B and for rotating the same, and
also mechanism for adjusting the same longitudinally. Upon the rear portion of
said plate is erected a hollow vertical column C, on the top of which is secured a
strong forward projecting arm D to carry the core-raising mechanism.
To the bottom side of the table B is attached a large central bevel gear-wheel E,
which is supported by a horizontal lateral cross-head F, for which the bed-plate is
formed on each longitudinal side with an inward flat flange a, upon which the
lateral arms of said cross-head rest, as shown in Figs. 1, 9, and 10, so. that said
cross-head can slide on said flanges from rear to forward and said gear-wheel E
has a trunnion fitted in said cross head to guide it. Upon the top of the table is
carried the sewer-pipe mold G, consisting of three sections, the sheet-metal outside
sbell 6 and an inner shell or core-mold c, and finally a ring d or inner bell-mold.
The bell is made with a projection for forming the bell and all the shape of the
outer surface of the pipe, the shell c to form the inner shape of the pipe and the
ring d the inner shape of the bell of the pipe, and between the inner c and outer
shell and this ring d is a space in which the cement mixture is rammed to form
the entire pipe. The table B has a central guide-hub 59.
For the purpose of ramming suitably and rapidly the cement mixture into said
space of the mold, I employ one, two, or more vertical steam-rammers H, which are
each rapidly reciprocated by ineans of a steam piston I, operated in a steam-
cylinder I', arranged each on an arm J above the mold. Each said arm Jis
vertically guided by a vertical guide-arbor K, over which said arm slides readily;
but each said arm is partly counterbalanced by means of a weight L, as in Fig. 1,
or an air-pump 35 (shown in Figs. 9 and 10,) and a rope M, passing over the
pulleys e, as shown in Fig. 1. Upon the table B, outside of the periphery of the
mold, is attached a guide-ring N, which has a groove fin its top side, and each
vertical guide-bar or arbor K has an arm-O-secured on its lower end, which carries
a small friction-roller g, engaging in said groove. The arbors K are guided each
in two bearings P, attached to the column C, and also in step-plates P', attached
upon the bed-plate A. The groove is made to guide the rollers laterally
parallel with the pipe-space in the mold, so that when both arms J and are made
rigid for lateral motion with the arbors K said guide-rollers g guide the rammers H
properly in the space for the pipe in the mold. The arbors K, between the
bearings P, are made square to prevent the arms J from lateral motion, but
allowing liberal vertical motion during ramming. The top of the mold has a
detachable rim h, which is flanged outward, and above it is held a loosely-attached
hopper Q, into which the cement mixture is fed and drops into the pipe-space of
the mold, which rotates toward the rammers, causing them to ram down the cement-
mixture in the pipe-space to a solidness which is regulated by the over-balance of
the arms J and rammer mechanism over the balance-weight L, or by pressure of
air in the pump 35, providing sufficient steam-pressure is employed.
Each steam-cylinder I' forms part of its arm J, which has a circular steam-chest i,
connected by the steam-ports jj with the cylinder and the port k with the exhaust,
and by the opening with the steam-pipe m from a suitable boiler. In the steam-
chest is employed a vibrating valve n, and it is operated from the piston-rod o of
the piston 1. The steam-cylinder has a stuffing box on each head and the piston-rod
passes through both heads of the cylinder. To the lower end of the piston-rod is
attached the rammer or ram-rod H, by means of a strong socket on the piston-rod.
To the upper end of the piston-rod is attached a little cross-head t, with opposite
trunnions. The valve has a lateral arbor passing out of the steam-chest through
a stuffing-box and is provided with a crank pon its outside end. A two-armed
trip-lever is pivoted. by means of a fulcrum-link r, to the top of the arm J, and
its rear arm is connected by a link with the crank p, and the forward arm with the
cross-head by its trunnions. By these means the motion from the piston-rod is 5
transmitted to the valve ". The arm O has a rigid lateral position with the
arbor K, and to allow for adjustment of relative lateral position of the arms.)

page_text: and the arms J have over the square opening-sleeve J' upon the arbor Ka
circular socket formed on the arm with set-screws z to adjust said arm J relative
with the arm and hold it rigid laterally. Each arm J is suspended to one of the
ends of the rope M, which passes over guide-pulleys suspending with a loop at the
rear of the column C from said guide-pulleyse the weight L, which has a swivel
guide-pulley, resting in the loop of the rope. The table B travels on friction-
rollers vunder it, which are attached to the bed-plate to avoid undue friction. For
holding and adjusting the mold and table relative with the rammers H and arbors K
a horizontal central screw R is employed, having its end guided in the forward end
of the bed-plate A. Its threaded shank passes in a threaded cross-head w which is
linked and attached to the cross-head F, as shown. A vertical central arbor S is
employed extending through the core-mold c and down through the table B and
bevel-gear E into the cross-head F. It is fitted loosely in the bevel-gear and table,
and when the core-mold is withdrawn it passes out from said table and gear, but not
before the mold c is contracted. For rotating the mold G and operating the core-
mold-raising mechanism a horizontal counter-shaft T, (shown in Fig. 9,) with belt-
pulleys T and a bevel-driving gear U, is employed in the column C, as shown
in Figs. 1, 9, and 12. It may be arranged longitudinally, as shown in Figs. 9 and 12
or laterally, as shown in Figs. 1 and 5, and in the column C are employed two
vertical shafts V and V', which both are arranged in line to each other and nearly
meeting at the center line of the counter-shaft T, and at the joining ends each is
provided with a shoulder a and a fixed key y, and each over them with a sliding
clutch W, (shown in Figs. 1 and 5,) and said shafts V and V₁ have opposite bevel-
gears X X, between which the clutches slide and now and then either engages in
said gears X, of which each is held in a bearing X' and turning loose on its shaft.
Said bearings are permanently fixed to the column, and said bevel gears are held
to their engagement with the gear V. by shoulders on their hubs at each side of the
relative bearing. The shaft V extends downward to the bed-plate and the shaft V
upward to connect with the core-raising mechanism. For each clutch W is provided
a forked clutch-lever Y to slide the clutch, which has projecting studs to engage in
suitable cavities or holes made into its opposite bevel-gear, as shown in Figs. 1
and 5.
For rotating the mold and table B is arranged a central longitudinal horizontal
shaft Z under the bed-plate. Upon the forward end of said shaft is provided a
bevel-pinion 2, which engages in the gear E, and over its rearward end is arranged
a bevel-gear z', which engages in a bevel-gear X", fixed permanently to the bottom
of the shaft V. By these means the table B'is rotated from the shaft V. The
forward end of the shaft Z is held in a bearing fixed to the cross-head F, and said
end is provided with a collar 1 to move longitudinally with the cross-head. The
rear end of said shaft has a groove and slides in the hub of its bevel-gear 2', which
has a key to engage in said groove, and the hub of gear 2 is guided in a bearing
attached to the bed-plate, which bearing is fitted between shoulders formed on said
hub, thereby holding said gear to its engagement. The lower end of the shaft V
is guided, also, by a bearing between shoulders on said shaft and secured to the
column, as shown.
The mechanism for raising the core-mold c from the outer shell or mold b consists
of a vertical central friction-bar 2, in line and connected over the top end of the
arbor S, which has a head S¹ on its top end. Said bar 2 passes up through the
arm D and between a pair of horizontal lateral friction-rollers 3 and 4. The arbors
of said friction-rollers rest in bearings formed in a horizontal frame 5, attached upon
the top side of the arm D, on which it may be adjusted longitudinally to bring the
bar 2 centrally over the arbor S. By means of spur-gears 6 and 7, fixed upon the
outer ends of the friction-roller arbors, both friction-rollers are geared and rotate
together. A central longitudinal horizontal shaft 8 is arranged in bearings on the
top of the arm D between the colunin C and the friction-roller 3, and upon the top
end of the shaft V1 is secured a bevel-gear 9, and over the rear-end of the shaft 8
a bevel-gear 10, which engages in the gear 9. The forward end of the shaft 8 has

page_text: F
secured upon it a bevel-gear 11 and engages with a bevel-gear 12, secured upon the
arbor of the friction-roller 3. By this means motion is obtained from the shaft V
to the friction-rollers 3 and 4. The shaft 8 passes through the hub of the bevel-
gear 10, and said hub is guided in the rear bearing, which is fitted between
shoulders on said hub by means of a groove in the shaft and a key in the opening of
the gear engaging therein. The motion from the gear is transmitted to the shaft,
which is allowed to slide longitudinally for adjustment of the bar 2 with the
arbor S. The bottom end of the bar 2 has a swivel-head 13 over the arbor-
head S¹ to allow the arbor S to revolve loose therein, but to overlap said
head S', and capable of drawing up said arbor. The portion of the bar 2 engaged
by the friction-rollers is made flat, and consists of an I-beam cross-area-shaped
central metal bar with a flat hard-wood strip facing the periphery of each friction-
roller, of which the roller 4 has a loose ring 14 over its periphery to engage with
the bar 2 and to pinch or grip the bar 2 for raising it. One of the journals of the
roller 4 is held in an eccentric-hub 15 in the bearings, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2,
and to said eccentric-hub is attached a hand-lever with a spring-catch 17, by which
means said friction-roller 4, with its ring 14, is powerfully pressed against the bar 2 for
raising the same, and by turning the lever 16 back with the eccentric said friction-
roller is readily relieved from the bar 2 for dropping said bar 2. The inner shell
or core mold c is constructed with a metal cover 18 from the central arbor S to the
top mold c periphery, as shown in Figs. 1 and 11, to prevent the sand and cement
dropping inside said mold. Said cover is made in two sections, with overlapping
lips 19 and screws to be easily detached. The peripherical shell c of this mold is
made of sheet steel, with one longitudinal overlapping-joint 20, as shown in Figs. 6
and 8. Said shell is cylindrical and of a diameter when suspended and contracted
by its arbor S considerably smaller than the required diameter of the core of the
pipe. The arbor S has two fixed hubs 21, and between the hubs 21 upon the
shaft S is employed a long sleeve 22, which has preferably five vertical radial flat
wings or arms 23 extending from it and each provided with a vertical friction-
roller 24, pivoted near and on each top and bottom end of the same.
opposite each wing 23 has secured to it vertical taper strips 25, as shown. The
periphery described by the rollers 24 on the top parts of the wings is considerably
larger than the periphery described by the rollers 24, attached to the bottom end's
of the wings, and the inner periphery described by the rollers when the shell is
suspended and contracted to enter readily in the outer mold; but the inner
periphery of the taper strips 25 at the lower ends being enough smaller that by
resting the shell c in its place in the mold and allowing the shaft S, with the
wings 23 and their rollers, to settle down said shell is expanded to the proper full
size of the core of the pipe.
The shell
To assist the shell to contract and get free from the molded pipe, as in drawing the
core-mold out from the pipe, I provide two or more of the strips 25 with vertical
inclined slots 26, and have these slotted strips hollow on their back toward the
shell, and the wings 23 opposite the slotted strips are provided with a stud 27,
passing in said slots, and the stud provided with a head 28, lapping over the inside
of the slot. By this means when the wings, with the shaft, are drawn up the shell
is drawn or contracted inward to pass out the pipe readily; but the bottom pivot 58
of the shaft S does not disengage from its guide until said shaft has contracted the
core-mold c.
The inner bell-core mold d is a ring secured upon the table B. It is made of a
diameter to provide All equal and sufficient space between it and the outer mold b
to form the bell of the pipe. The arms O may be permanently secured upon the
arbors K; but when desirable to swing readily the ramming mechanism out of the
way of the mold G said arbors K have each a separate arm 0¹, solidly secured
below the arm O on the arbor K, and have a vertical stud 29 loosely through the
arm O, which in this case is loose on the arbor K. A. short arm P, is secured at
the bearing P, carrying a small lateral arbor with a crank 30, and the arm O is
connected with the crank 30 by a rod 31. By means of a hand-crank 32 the arbor

page_text: and crank 30 are turned, and by this means the arm O is raised out of the engaging
stud 29 and its friction-roller g out of the groove f, and thereby the arms J may
swing out of the way from the mold G.
Operation: The outer mold b, the bell-mold d, and inner nold C being properly
placed upon the table B, cement mixture is fed in the hopper Q and from.
it delivered into the space between the inner mold c and outer mold b. By means-
of the lever Y and the clutch W the bevel-gear X is connected to turn the shaft V,.
and consequently by the shaft Z the gears X" and pinion z, and gear E the
table B and mold G¹ revolve. Steam is admitted through the pipe m and the trip-
valves n into the steam-cylinders and cause reciprocating motion of the rammers H H.
As the cement is packed to a desired density the arms J are raised by the
weight L. After the mold is filled with packed cement mixture to its top the
hopper is detached and the top end of the pipe is inade smooth by hand.
The shaft is stopped by the lever Y and the second clutch W is engaged with
its wheel X by the lever Y' to rotate the shaft V, causing the shaft 8 and the
gears 9, 10, 11 and 12 and 6 and 7, with the friction rollers 3 and 4, to rotate. The
hand-lever 16 is now moved, causing the gripping of the bar 2 by the friction-
rollers 3 and 4, and the bar 2 caused to draw up the arbor S, its hubs 21 and 22,
and draw the wings 23, contracting the core-mold c, and finally contract and raise
said mold out from the newly molded pipe. After elevated entirely above the
mold b, the shaft V₁ is stopped and the mold is raised and removed from the table B
and a following mold is placed and the core-mold c therein lowered and inserted..
The hopper Q is now placed again and the cement is fed and the machine started,
as before described.
The cement sewer-pipes are required of various sizes-round, egg, and other
shaped peripheries-to suit the various volumes of delivery and pressures, and
the molding of the pipe is conditional to the size and shape of the pipe. Certain
pipe can be molded with the bell down, as shown in Figs. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8;.
but other of such pipe is preferred to be molded with the bell up, and the devices
employed are also modified and arranged as shown in Figs. 9, 10, 11, 12 and 13. In
such case the mold is placed on the table with the bell up, and the bell-mold d is.
constructed with contracting and expanding sections 33 and 34 and is held
stationary above the pipe-mold contracted for the rammers to pass, while the
cement is rammed in the pipe-space below its bell, as shown by Figs. 1, 2, and 13.
The same devices for rotating and adjusting the table B and devices for raising
the core-mold c and devices for operating the rammers H are used as before; but
instead of the balance weight L a vertical air-pump 35 is employed in the
column C, and the pulley suspended in the loop of the rope M is attached to the
piston-rod 36 of the air-pump, the pressure of the air in the pump-cylinder acting
upon the piston similar to the weight L. The supply of air to said pump is
obtained by a small feed-pump 37, pivoted on one of the steam-cylinders I'
(Shown in Figs. 9 and 10.) Said feed-pump is operated by a stud 38, connecting
the steam piston-rod with the feed-pump rod 39. The compressed air is delivered
by a hose-pipe 40, connecting said feed-pump 37 with the air-pump 35. Said
pipe 40 is furnished with a check-valve 41 and a stop-cock 42, and to regulate the
desired pressure in the air-pump to the desired density of the cement mixture
rammed I employ a weighted safety-valve 43 on the air-pump 35. Instead of
guiding the rammers H and arms J and O by means of the grooved guide-ring N
the arms O have rollers g' to bear on the side of the mold b, (shown in Figs. 9
and 10), and the arbors K near their top end have each a fixed bent arm 44,
extending to the rear of the column C. To the rear ends of these arms are
attached the ends of a rope 45, which is suspended with a central loop over the
guide-pulleys 46 and 47, and by a guide-pulley 48 in said loop is suspended a
heavy weight 49. The weight 49 pulls the arms 44 outward, and therefore their
arms O, with their rollers g', bear against the periphery of the mold G, and
Instead of
thereby guiding the rammers H parallel in the pipe space of the mold.
stopping by hand the bar 2 from raising at its terminal, said bar. has a cam 50,

page_text: 1
and the frame 5 has a down extension 51 through the arm D. To this extension is
pivoted a double-armed lever 52. Its rear arm is connected by the rod 53 with
the clutch-lever Y and with the forward arm of said lever. The cam 50 comes in
contact at the terminal upward travel of the bar 2 and causes the clutch W,
removed from the bevel-gear X, to stop the motion of the shaft V. The arm J
in this case is allowed to turn on its sleeve J', and above the arm J is employed an
arm 54, fitted with a square opening over the arbor K, and a double-armed
lever 55 is pivoted upon the arm 54. The arbor K has a groove 56, in which the
- rear arm of the lever 55 engages, and the forward arm of said lever is pivoted to
'the forward part of the arm J. After the pipe-space in the mold has been filled
to the bottom of the bell portion the rammers H are caused by the arm J and
lever 55 to move outward into the bell-mold by means of an off-set in the
groove 56, which causes the levers 55 to swing the arms J outward. The bell-
mold d is now lowered into the bell of the mold and is in lowering expanded to its
full periphery for the bell-opening of the pipe by means of the cone 57, attached
over said mold and being forced downward. Thereafter the cement is fed in the
bell, and the rammers proceed ramming while the mold is turning until entirely
completing the bell, after which the core-molds d and c are removed, as before
described. The core-mold shell c is made of sheet steel and of a smaller diameter
than the proper pipe-core. By means of the sleeve 22, placed therein, said shell c
is expanded. When said shell is brought home into the mold to its bottom rest
and the sleeve 22, with its wings 23, brought home to rest by the shaft S, said
shell c is fully expanded to the diameter of the core of the pipe. The shaft S has
the bottom pivot 58 passing into the hub of the table B and gear-wheel E. When
the core-mold c is withdrawn from the mold b, the shaft S first rises to contract
said mold c. It is guided with its pivot 58 during contracting said mold c in said
hub of the table B to allow the shell c contracting centrally. After being fully
contracted the wings 23 come in contact. with the stops 60 and cause the rising of
the shell c with the shaft S, and its pivot 58 thereafter passes out from the hub of
the table B and the mold c is raised entirely out of the mold as before
described.
:
'
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In a
cement sewer-pipe-molding machine, the combination, with the
horizontally-rotating pipe-mold of the vertically-sliding arm or rammer-stock, the
guide-bar upon which it is arranged to slide, the steam or air-cylinder carried by
said arm,
the piston having a rammer secured to its rod, and a counter-balancing
device or weight, substantially as specified.
2. The combination, with the rotating sewer-pipe and the vertical raising core-
mold mechanism shown, of the steam-rammers H, with the arms J, the pistons I,
cylinders I, and the weight L, and guide-arbors K and arms O, with friction-
rollers g, and the guide-ring N, substantially as and for the purpose herein
: mentioned.
3. The combination, with the rotating pipe-mold consisting of the outer shell b
the expanding core-mold c, and bell-mold d, the rotating mechanism shown, and
the core-mold raising mechanism shown, of the steam rammer or rammers H, with
their cylinders I', piston I, valve n, the arbor K, the arms J, and the weight L,
substantially as and for the purpose herein set forth.
4. The combination, with the horizontally-rotating pipe-mold consisting of the
outer shell b and core-mold c and bell-mold d, and the mold-rotating mechanism
shown, of the steam rammer or rammers H, with their pistons I and cylinders I¹,
and the arms J and arbors K and weight L, and the core-mold-raising mechanism
consisting of the friction-rollers 3 and 4 and the bar 2 and gears 6 and 7, the
shaft 8 and V1, and the bevel-gears 9, 10, 11, and 12, substantially as and for the
purpose herein set forth.

page_text: 5. In a sewer-pipe-molding machine, the combination, with a rotating table B,
and guide-hub 59 and the outer mold and bell-mold d, of the inner mold c, with
the shaft S and its pivot 58, the sleeve 22, the wings 23, the shoulders 21, the
rollers 24, the studs 27, the slots 26, and stops 60.
6. In a sewer-pipe machine, the combination of a rotary mold comprising an
expansible vertically-movable core, mechanism for raising said core, a drive-shaft,
gearing therefrom to rotate said mold, a clutch to throw said gearing into or out of
gear with the drive-shaft, gearing from the drive-shaft to operate the core-raising
mechanism, and a clutch to throw said gearing into and out of gear with the drive-
shaft, substantially as described.
7. In a pipe-machine, the combination, with a rotary mold, of a vertically-
adjustable support arranged above the mold, provided with a cylinder having
suitable ports and valve, and a reciprocating piston in said cylinder, the piston-rod
thereof being provided with a rammer to operate on the substance in the mold, said
valve being connected with and operated by said piston-rod, substantially as
described.
8. In a sewer-pipe machine, the combination, with the mold, of a vertically-
adjustable and laterally-movable support above the mold, an automatic recipro-
cating engine carried by said support above the mold, and a rammer carried by
the piston-rod of said engine to pack the substance in the mold, substantially as
described.
9. In a sewer-pipe machine, the combination of the rotary mold, a vertically and
Interally movable support, means, substantially as described, for counterbalancing
the same, a vertically-disposed automatic reciprocating steam or air engine carried
by such support, a rammer carried by the piston-rod. of such engine to pack the
material in said mold, and means, substantially as described, controlling the lateral
swing of said support and engine.
10. In a sewer-pipe machine, the combination of the rotary mold and means for
rotating the same, the vertical shaft, a vertically-movable support on the shaft, an
automatic. reciprocating engine carried by and moving laterally and vertically with
said support, a rammer carried by the piston-rod of said engine to pack the material
in said mold, a counterbalancing device for said support and engine, and means,
substantially as described, connected with said shaft to automatically turn the
same to swing said support and engine laterally, substantially as described.
11. The combination, with a mold, of a vertically-disposed vertically-movable.
automatic reciprocating steam or air engine, a rammer carried by the piston-rod of
said engine to pack the material in the mold, and operating mechanism whereby
there is a relative inovenient between the mold and engine, so that the material is
packed around the mold, substantially as described.
I
12. In combination, the vertically-movable support having a cylinder formed
therein, a steam-chest communicating with opposite ends of the cylinder, a rocking
valve controlling the ports and exhaust, a reciprocating piston in the cylinder,
connections between the piston-rod and said valve to automatically operate the
same, the rammer carried by said piston-rod, and a mold in which said rammer
operates, substantially as described.
13. In combination, the mold, mechanism for rotating the same, a vertical shaft
and supports therefor, an arm connected with said shaft and engaging the mold to
control the turning of the shaft, a horizontal support mounted to turn with and
slide vertically on said shaft and provided with raising means, and a reciprocating
steam or air engine carried by said support and vertically disposed and having its
piston-rod provided with a rammer to pack the materials in the mold, substantially
as described.
14. The combination, with the rotary mold, of the vertical shaft, an arm there-
from engaging said mold to control turning of shaft, means, substantially as described,
to throw said arm out of operative relation with the mold, and the vertically-movable
reciprocating engine having its carrier sliding on said shaft, substantially as
described.

page_text: 15. In combination, a bed, a rotary table supported thereon and capable of
horizontal adjustment, a mold on said table, mechanism for adjusting said table
horizontally, comprising a movable cross-head connected with said table, a screw
for shifting the head and table, a movable shaft mounted in said head and geared
to drive said table, and mechanism for driving said shaft, substantially as
.described.
16. In combination, a mold having a removable core provided with an upwardly-
extending lifting-bar, a support extending upwardly and over the mold. a
horizontally-adjustable frame on said support, two horizontal shafts carried by said
frame, provided with friction-wheels to engage and lift said bar, and a longitudinally-
adjustable drive-shaft geared to drive said horizontal shafts, substantially as
described.
17. In a sewer-pipe machine, the combination, with operating and lifting
mechanism, of a mold comprising an outer shell and an inner removable expansible
core having inclined vertical faces, as described, and a lifting-har having means
to engage said faces when moving down and thereby expand the core, and means,
substantially as described, whereby the core is contracted when said bar is raised,
substantially as described..
18. In combination, the mold having its bell end at the top, a bell-mold, and
steam or air ramming engine located above the same and capable of moving
vertically and laterally, and means, substantially as described, to automatically
swing said ramming-engine laterally to pack the bell when the mold is filled to the
bell, substantially as described.
19. The combination of the. mold having its bell at the top, the vertically-movable
expansible bell-mold, and rammers and operating mechanism, substantially as
.described.
20. The combination of the mold, a vertically-movable steam or air ramming
engine for said mold, an air-pump carried by the carrier of said engine and auto-
matically operated by the movement of the engine, and a cylinder supplied by said.
pump and having its piston connected to raise said engine, substantially as
described.
21. The combination of the rotary mold, the vertical shafts having arms held
against the sides of the mold to control turning of shafts, means to yieldingly hold
the arms against the mold, and the steam or air ramming engines carried by said
shafts, substantially as described.
Dated this 11th day of November 1892.
MARKS & CLERK,
13, Temple Street, Birmingham, Agents for the Applicant.