CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING ENGINES
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jonathan Dearden and Edward Pilkington Holden,
both of Bolton; in the County of Lancaster, Cotton Waste Spinners and
Dealers, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING
ENGINES."
Sealed the 17th July 1866, and dated the 22nd January 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jonathan Dearden and
Edward Pilkington Holden at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 22nd January 1866.
We, JONATHAN DEARDEN and EDWARD PILKINGTON HOLDEN, both of
Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, Cotton Waste Spinners and Dealers,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS IN CARDING ENGINES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention is applicable to carding engines for carding cotton, cotton
waste, and cop bottoms and rags after they have been torn up in the usual
manner; also wool, flax, hemp, and tow, and in which the wire cards on the
doffer are applied in longitudinal strips or bands. It has heretofore been
necessary to strip these doffers by combs worked up and down by cranks, and
the short fleeces of fibres stripped from the duffer are taken between a shell
and rubbing roller placed near to the doffer. Now our Invention consists in

page_text: so arranging these parts of the carding engine that the doffer may be stripped
by means of a doffing comb moving rapidly in the segment of a circle, and in
applying a roller or a revolving instrument commonly called a fan between
the doffer and the rubbing roller, by which arrangement a great economy in
waste and labor is effected. The doffing comb is made to act about on the
level of the axis of the doffer, and the roller or fan is placed a little below the
level of the axis of the doffer so that the narrow strips or fleeces of fibres,
when detached from the doffer, drop on to the surface of the roller (or into
the partitions of the fan) and are carried forward by it and delivered into the
space between the shell and the rubbing roller. The roller between the doffer
and the shell may rotate at an uniform' velocity, or by means of an inter-
mittent wheel it may be made to revolve slowly when the fleece is accumu-
lating upon it, and fast when delivering the fleece to the shell. The fan
would in all cases rotate with intermittent motions. In some cases the roller
or fan above referred to may be dispensed with and a diagonal guide plate used
instead to convey the narrow strips or fleeces into the shell.
Another part of our Invention consists in giving an intermittent motion to
the rubbing roller working in the shell, by which means the strips or fleeces
will be better rolled and delivered straighter into the receiving buckets. This
intermittent motion is obtained by an intermittent or star wheel..
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Jonathan Dearden and Edward Pilkington Holden in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 21st July 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JONATHAN
DEARDEN and EDWARD PILKINGTON HOLDEN, both of Bolton, in the County of
Lancaster, Cotton Waste Spinners and Dealers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the twenty-ninth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said Jonathan Dearden and Edward Pilkington Holden, Her special
license that we, the said Jonathan Dearden and Edward Pilkingtón
Holden, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we,
the said Jonathan Dearden and Edward Pilkington Holden, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein

page_text: expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vond, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING
ENGINES," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Jonathan
Dearden and Edward Pilkington Holden, our executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of our or their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Jonathan Dearden and Edward
Pilkington Holden, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly describe
and ascertained in and by the following statement (that is to say):-
Our Invention is applicable to carding engines for carding cotton, cotton
waste, cop bottoms and rags after they have been torn up in the usual manner,
also wool, flax, hemp, and tow, and in which the wire cards on the doffer are
applied in longitudinal strips or bands. It has heretofore been necessary to
strip these doffers by combs worked up and down by cranks, and the short
fleeces of fibres stripped from the doffer are taken between a shell and rubbing
roller placed near to the doffer. Now our Invention consists in so arranging
these parts of the carding engine that the doffer may be stripped by means of
a doffing comb moving rapidly in the segment of a circle, and in applying a
roller or a revolving instrument, commonly called a fan, between the doffer
and the rubbing roller, by which arrangement a great economy in waste and
labor is effected.
Another part of our Invention consists in giving an intermittent motion to
the rubbing roller working in the shell, by which means the strips or fleeces
will be better rolled and delivered straighter into the partitions of the fan.
The intermittent motion is obtained by an intermittent or star wheel.
And in order that our Invention may be fully understood we will proceed
to describe the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, reference being had to the
figures and letters marked thereon..
Figure 1 is an elevation of the principal parts of a carding engine, of the
usual construction to which our improvements are applied; Figure 2 is a
plan, and Figure 3 is a transverse section of the same; Figures 4 and 5 are
detached views drawn full size of part of our improved machinery. a repre-
sents the main cylinder of the carding engine; b is the doffer; c is the

page_text: rubbing roller working in the shell d; and e is, the fan for depositing the
slivers or ends in the usual endless chain of buckets; the parts above
enumerated are made in the ordinary manner. The main feature of our
Invention consists in the application or use of the roller f, which is placed
between the doffer b and the rubbing roller c, the circumference of the roller f
touching or nearly touching the teeth of the wire cards on the doffer; the
doffing comb g is placed immediately above the roller f, and it acts as near as
may be on the level of the axis of the doffer. This comb is made to move, up
and down rapidly in the arc of a circle by any of the well-known appliances, and
the narrow strips or short fleeces of fibres, as detached from the doffer drop
on to the surface of the roller f, and are carried forward by it and delivered
into the space between the shell & and the rubbing roller c.
The roller may
be turned slowly round at an uniform velocity, but we prefer to give it an
intermittent motion; that is to say, slow while the fleece is accumulating on
its circumference, and fast when delivering the fleece to the shell d. This is
accomplished in the following manner:-To one end of the roller f is fixed
the grooved pulley f¹, see Figure 2; this pulley is driven from one of the
ordinary working rollers, or in any other convenient manner, and to the other
end of the roller f is fixed the ratchet wheel. f; the catches f³ taking into
this ratchet wheel are jointed to studs, screwed into the spur pinion f* loose
on the roller f. To the axle of the doffer 6 is fixed the wheel b', geering into
the pinion h, on the back of which is the plate h', with studs working into
the intermittent or star wheel i; this star wheel is fixed to or cast with
the wheel gearing into the pinion loose on the roller f. By this
arrangement the roller is turned slowly round by the band in the grooved.
pulley f, and during this slow motion the teeth of the ratchet wheel f
lift the catches f³, which are pressed into gear again by the springs f³; but
as soon as the star wheel i comes into operation the pinion f* gives an
accelerated speed to the roller f, by the catches f³ and ratchet wheel f; and
during this increase in the speed of the roller f the band slips in the pulley f
Or instead of driving the roller, by a band pulley f₁ as shewn, we also
propose to apply a pinion, with, ratchet wheel and catches similar to f* in the
place of the pulley f¹, and to drive this pinion by a wheel similar to b, which
transmits the slow motion to the pinion f*, by means of two carrier pinions
instead of the intermittent wheel i. We wish to remark that a fan similar
to e, but of smaller dimensions, may be applied instead of the roller f. We
have shewn in the Drawing and described the comb g as working rapidly in
the arc of a circle, but we do not intend to limit ourselves to the use of such
a comb, so long as the roller for a fan be applied in the manner specified; a
-

page_text: comb of the ordinary construction, and driven by cranks in the ordinary
manner may be employed, but the results would not be so satisfactory, as the
action of the combs g shewn is uniform on the teeth of the doffer, whereas
the ordinary combs must be set to penetrate between the teeth and to draw
the fibres clear out of them.
Our Invention may be modified as shewn in Figure 6. In this arrangement
the narrow strips of cardings are delivered by the roller f to the rubbing
roller c, which revolves in the direction of the arrow and carries the fleeces
upwards into the shell d, placed above instead of below as usual, the ends or
slivers drop into the fan e, and from thence into the chain of buckets as in the
ordinary carding engine. The principal advantages resulting from our
improvements are a saving in waste and labor; the use of the intermittent
motion for driving the roller f enables us to reduce the space between the
sheets of cards on the doffer, thereby increasing the working surface, the
quantity produced is increased and the quality improved.
Another part of our Invention consists in giving an intermittent motion to
the rubbing roller working in the shell, by which means the strips or fleeces
will be better rolled and delivered straighter into the partitions of the fan.
The intermittent motion is obtained by an intermittent or star wheel.
Having thus stated the nature of our Invention, and described the manner
of performing the same, we declare that we claim,—
First, the application of a roller or fan between the doffer and the rubbing
roller of carding engines, in the manner and for the purposes described.
Secondly, the application of the combs described to the doffers of carding
engines, in which longitudinal spaces are left between the card teeth.
And lastly, the application of an intermittent instead of an uniform motion
to the rubbing roller of carding engines, as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Jonathan Dearden, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of July, One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-six.
JONN. DEARDEN. (L.S.)