Improvements in or connected with Jacquard Looms for Weaving Double Pile Fabrics.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 25th July, 1895
Complete Specification Left, 23rd Apr., 1896-Accepted, 25th July, 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Jacquard Looms for Weaving
Double Pile Fabrics.
A communication by the Firm of M. C. BURCHARTZ & Co., of No. 5* Sophien-
strasse, Elberfeld, in the Empire of Germany, Plush Weavers.
I, GEORGE CECIL DYMOND M. Inst. M.E., of The Agency for Foreign
Patent Solicitors, 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, and 6, Bank Street, Manchester,
both in the County of Lancaster, 118 New Street, Birmingham. in the
County of Warwick, and 31, High Holborn, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent, do bereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to Jacquard double plush looms for cut and looped pile
double plushes.
On the double plush looms hitherto known, attempts have been inade to obtain
pile loops (frisé) by inserting a weft-thread in such a way as to engage the warp
threads and these thus form connected loops. After this weft thread or shoot
has been drawn out, pile loops (frisé) are obtained in both pieces of material,
whilst the plush or pile is made by crossing the warp threads and cutting through
these crossing places.
The pile loops (frisé) formed in the manner herein before described have yielded
no favourable results, and therefore in the present invention the advantages of the
skewer and double plush loom are combined by the pile loop being produced by
the insertion of metal spindles or skewers, whilst the plush is formed in the
ordinary manner by crossing the warp threads. A very even pile loop (frisé) is
thereby obtained, and the danger is not incurred of having the plush cut through
by the knife. In this arrangement of loom, two materials are simultaneously
woven one above the other and also side by side, as in the ordinary double loom,
that is to say that four pieces of material are simultaneously woven.
spindles or skewers are held by tongs or grips on bars suspended pendulum
fashion from above the frame, and a skewer is inserted at each side of the loom
simultaneously for each piece of material and at the same time a skewer is
withdrawn. If only one breadth of material is to be made, one side of the skewer
mechanism is thrown out of action.
The metal
The warp threads are drawn in by the healds operated by the Jacquard
machine; on the other hand the ground and pattern threads are distributed on
the shafts or leaves; a knife cuts through the warp threads as in a double plush
loom. Before the necessary throws or shoots are made in the upper fabric in the
customary manner for binding up the pile threads, a drawing needle is passed
from left and right for those pile threads which are to make pile loops, that is
for each of the left and right hand fabrics and is fastened by the shoots. The
same process is gone through in the under fabric in order to obtain the pile (frise)
or loop. Whilst in the upper fabric the necessary shoots are carried out in order
to effect the binding, the skewer gripper which works independently from the
shuttle mechanism draws a spindle or skewer out of the upper fabric and passes
it into the lower one. The above process is then repeated for the under fabric, so
that the spindle or skewer is again brought back into the upper fabric. The

page_text: pile threads which are not worked into loops (frisé) form the pile by crossing
between the upper and the under fabric.
Dated this 24th day of July 1805
Improvements in or connected with Jacquard Looms for Weaving
Double Pile Fabrics.
A communication by the Firm of M. C. BURCHARTZ & Co., of No. 5ª Sophien-
strasse, Elberfeld, in the Empire of Germany, Plush Weavers.
I, GEORGE CECIL DYMOND, M. Inst. M.E. of The Agency for Foreign
Patent Solicitors, 6 Lord Street, Liverpool and 6 Bank Street, Manchester
both in the County of Lancaster, 118 New Street Birmingham in the
County of Warwick and 322 (late 31) High Holborn in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
This invention relates to Jacquard double plush looms for cut and looped pile
double plushes.
On the double plush looms hitherto known, attempts have been made to obtain
pile loops by inserting a weft-thread in such a way as to engage the warp threads
and these thus form connected loops. After this weft thread or shoot has been
drawn out, pile loops are obtained in both pieces of material, whilst the plush or
pile is made by crossing the warp threads and cutting through these crossing
places.
The invention is shown in the accompanying drawings, in which;
Figure 1 is an elevation of the improved loom and
Figure 2 an end view of the same;
Figures 3 and 4 are diagrammatic views of the mode of arranging the threads.
By the insertion of wires or skewers as is well known, pile loops may be formed
from warp threads, which pile loops may be then cut or left uncut. In order to
produce a pattern on the fabric, certain of the pile loops may be cut and certain
others left uncut, and if two such fabrics be produced simultaneously one above
the other there is obtained the drawn (uncut) and cut double plush.
In the double plush looms hitherto employed attempts have been made to
obtain pile loops by shooting a weft g in such a way as to engage the pile
threads b as shown in Figure 4, and if a pattern or figured fabric is to be produced
a cut pile is also formed by crossing the pile threads as at c, Figure 4, and
afterwards cutting through these crossing places.
The pile loops formed in the manner herein before described have yielded no
favourable results as the loops were unequal in size, and therefore in the present
invention the advantages of the skewer and double plush loom are combined by
the pile loop, Figure 3, being produced by the insertion of metal spindles or
skewers d, whilst the cut pile is formed in the ordinary manner by crossing the
warp threads at e as shown in Figure 3 and cutting through e. A very even pile
loop is thereby obtained, and the danger is not incurred of having the pile loops
cut through by the knife. In this arrangement of loom two materials are
simultaneously woven one above the other and also side by side, as in the ordinary
double loom, that is to say that four pieces of material are simultaneously woven.
The metal spindles or skewers d are held by tongs or grips fon bars / suspended
pendulum fashion from above the frame, and a skewer is inserted at each side of

page_text: the loom simultaneously for each piece of material and a skewer is withdrawn
alternately. If only one breadth of material is to be made, one side of the skewer
Inechanism is thrown out of action.
The arrangement of the double loom is in short as follows:-
The upper cross rail a' (Figure 1) of the loom frame a is prolonged at both
ends in order to carry two bearings and 2. A spindle e revolves in each of
these bearings, which spindle has an upwardly extending arın formel in one
therewith and with two carriers cand e extending downwards. The latter carry
a rail and groove h¹, which latter effects the guidance of the skewers. The
skewer gripper slides horizontally on the rail h.
The skewer gripping device is represented in Figure 5, and consists of a
carriage f in which the skewer gripper & slides vertically. The latter is constantly
pulled down by a spring and is formed with a projection * to engage in a
corresponding recess in the thickened skewer end d, an arm of the slide f
affording support therefor. The skewer gripper is bent at the top at k² by means
of which it can be raised at the proper time in order to release or grip the skewer
according as the skewer is to be inserted or withdrawn.
The movement of the skewer gripping device is caused by means of a shaft A,
(Figure 1).
The horizontal movement of the gripper is produced by means of an eccentric C,
Figure 1. This actuates a one armed lever C2 whose end pivot is connected by
means of a link with an elbow lever, which latter is fastened by a short link
to the carriage of the skewer gripper. The releasing of the gripper is effected
by the curved top k² of the gripper & being raised up by a hook not shown in the
drawings which hook is raised and depressed by an eccentric on the driving shaft.
When the sliding rail h has moved forward that is has swung on its spindle c,
thereby carrying with it the hook, the latter is depressed and allows the gripper k
to drop under its spring pressure in order to seize a new skewer which it
withdraws and then swings back and inserts the skewer in another part.
Here the gripper is raised by the hook and withdraws leaving the skewer
inserted, and then swings forward again to withdraw another skewer in the same
manner.
The warp threads are drawn in by the healds (Figure 2) operated by the
Jacquard machine; on the other hand the ground and pattern threads are
distributed on the ordinary shafts or leaves; a knife i cuts through the warp
threads as in a double plush loom. Before the necessary throws or shoots are
made in the upper fabric in the customary manner for binding up the pile threads,
a skewer is passed from the left and another from the light for those pile threads
which are to make pile loops, that is for each of the left and right band fabrics,
and the pile threads are fastened by the said binding shoots. The same process is
gone through in the under fabric in order to obtain the pile loops. The order in
which the wefts are shot is shown by the numerals 1-12 in Figure 3. Whilst
in the upper fabric the necessary shoots are being made to effect the binding, the
skewer gripper, which works independently from the shuttle mechanism, draws a
spindle or skewer out of the upper fabric and passes it into the lower one. The
above process is then repeated for the under fabric, so that the spindle or skewer
is again brought back into the upper fabric. The pile threads which are not
worked into pile loops form the cut pile or plush by crossing between the upper
and the under fabric.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed as communicated to me
by my foreign correspondents, I declare that what I claim is :-
The herein described improvements in or connected with Jacquard looms for
weaving double pile fabrics, whereby figured plush-like goods are produced by a
metal spindle or skewer (d) being first inserted in the upper fabric, whilst only
those warp threads (e) which are intended to form pile loops (Fig. 3), are operated

page_text: on by the Jacquard machine, and by the metal spindle or skewer (d) being
withdrawn from the upper fabric and then inserted into the under fabric after
the fastening or binding of said pile loops by several weft shoots, the warp threads
which are to produce pile loops being then again moved by the Jacquard machine,
whilst the plush or pile is made in the ordinary (well known) manner by
crossing the warp threads (e) and cutting through these crossing places,
substantially as hereinbefore described.
Dated this 22nd day of April 1896.
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of Liverpool, Manchester, Birmingham, and London, Patent Agents.