An Improved Process of and Apparatus for Justifying Lines Composed by Type- or Matrix-setting Machines.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 6th Mar., 1895-Accepted, 5th Oct., 1895
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Process of and Apparatus for Justifying Lines
Composed by Type- or Matrix-setting Machines.
1, ERNST WENTSCHER, of Gleditschstreet 37, in the City of Berlin, Germany,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what inanner the
ame is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
My invention relates to the method of and apparatus for justifying lines in
which spaces provisionally inserted by compusing the line, are changed afterwards
so as to bring it to the required length; and the objects of my invention are, first,
to provide a process of and an apparatus for justifying as well matrix lines as those
of common types; second, to justify by the same method and the same apparatus
lines no matter whether previously set too short or too long; third, to dispense with
the use of wedge shaped or elastic or compressible spaces, as heretofore used in
linotype machines.
I attain these objects by the process and apparatus described in this Specification
and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which-
Fig. 1 is a front elevation of my apparatus applied to the well known Mergen-
thaler linotype;
Fig. 2, a plan view thereof, the covering frame plate being partially broken away
to clearly show the mechanisms beneath it;
Fig. 3, a side and sectional view thereof on line - of Fig. 1;
Fig. 4, a side and sectional view thereof on line y-y of Fig. 1;
Fig. 5, a front view of the upper part of Fig. 4;
Fig. 6, a sectional view on line to- of Tig. 2;
Figs. 7, 8, a modification of a part of Fig. 1, front and side view respectively;
Figs. 9, 10, a modification of another part of Fig. 1, front and top view
respectively;
Fig. 11, a modification of Fig. 4, and
Fig. 12, a section on line 2 of Fig. 11;
Fig. 13, another modification of Fig. 4, and
Fig. 14, a front view of a part of Fig. 13;
Fig. 15 shows a register forining a part of my invention;
Fig. 16, a side view of the left end of Figs. 1, 2;
Figs. 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22 show several shapes of matrices and spaces, forming
a part of my invention;
Fig. 23 is a front elevation of my apparatus applied to type setting machines;
Figs. 24, 25 are top views of Fig. 23;
Fig. 26 is a modification of Fig. 4 with reference to type setting machines:
Fig. 27, a top view of a part of Fig. 23 on an enlarged scale, and
Fig. 38, a front view of Fig. 27;
Fig. 29 shows another register.
My process consists in combining spaces of different sizes with a register showing,
in the form of written signs, indentures, holes or projections at different places and
of different depth or length, both, the number and the size of the spaces required to
justify any line.
When setting a line, the register is shifted itself or another part is moved over
or along the register in such manner that when the line bas attained its provisional

page_text: length, the signs or marks of the register just showing the spaces required to justify
this line, are in sight of the operator thus enabled to put by hand into the line the
spaces shown by the register; or in a position and condition susceptible of being
brought into momentaneous connection with a space feeding mechanism, which thos
is controlled by the marks of the register, so as to automatically insert afterwards
the required spaces; whilst the register or the part shifted along the same
immediately returns to its normal position in order to be shifted by setting the next.
live, and so on.
The register, Figs. 15, 29, is divided into sections V VI VII VIII
corresponding to the number of words contained in a line, section V corresponding
to a line of 6 words or 5 spacings, which is supposed to be the shortest line, and
sections VI VII VIII
to lines of 6, 7, 8. spacings respectively.
At each insertion of a provisional space into the line being set up, the register itself
or the said other movable part or index is shifted along the register a distance of
one section, to bring the corresponding section into sight of the operator or into
working position, when the line has attained its provisional length. Another
shifting movement is imparted to the register, which is independent of and for
instance normally directed to the first movement, and corresponds to the increasing
of the length of line by setting. This movement may begin at any period of
setting the line; however, it is sufficient and therefore preferable to begin it but
when the provisional line is near its end, the wanting rest of or the excess over the
normal length coming only into consideration for justifying.
The sizes of the definito spaces are multiples of a small unit, so that whon
indicating the thinnest space by m units, there are spaces of the respective
thicknesses of m, m + 1, m + 2, m + 3
units; or when departing from
the middle space of n units, the spaces have the respective thicknesses of
11-3, -2, 1-1, ", n + 1, n + 2,11 + 3
units.
When a provisional line is finished, the rest of or the excess over the normal
length will be a multiple of the said unit or nearly go up to a quantity practically
insignificant, if the unit in question is small enough; and these rests or excesses
are obviously confined to comparatively narrow limits and yet corresponding to any
line. It is therefore well practicable to calculate all these rests or excesses and to
register them, as shown in Fig. 15. This register is calculated on the supposition,
that the provisional lines may always be set too short, and that the rest of the
normal length will not surpass 30 units, whilst the registor represented Fig. 29,
corresponds to liues indifferently set too short or too long, the limits for the rests
and excesses being 15 to + 15 units. These rests or excesses are indicated by
the left baud numerals 0 to 30 in Fig. 15, and 15 to +15 in Fig. 29.
-
Referring now to Fig. 15, section VII, if for instance a provisional line of
7 spacings leaves a rest of 13 units, section VII of the register shows the
numerals and 6 on the horizontal line 13 and on the vertical lines m + 1
uud m2 respectively, that is to say, this line will be justified by changing the
provisional spaces of the thickness of units against 1 definite space of the
thickness of m + 1, and 6 spaces of the thickness of m + 2 units.
If in another example a line of 8 spacings leaves a rest of 3 units, section VIII
of the register shows the numerals 5 and 3 on the horizontal line 3 and the
vertical lines n and m + 1, that is to say, the operator has to change 3 spaces of
the thickness of m unite against 3 spaces of the thickness of m + 1 units, and
so on.
Likewise referring to the register represented Fig. 29, may a line of 8 spacings
have an excess of 12 units over the normal length, then the horizontal line + 12 of
section VIII shows the numerals 4 and 4 on the vertical lines -1 and -2. The
line will therefore be justified by changing 4 spaces of the thickness n against 4 of
the thickness n-1, and 4 against 4 of the thickness n―2.
Instead of changing the provisional spaces against the definitive ones, they may
be retained, if constantly setting the lines too short, and additional spaces of the
thicknesses of 1, 2, 3, 4
units respectively may. be inserted afterwards. To

page_text: this case correspond sections V VI of the register represented Fig. 15, which will
be understood without further explanation.
It is obvious that the register can be made and calculated for less than
5 spacings, if the length of lines is short and the lines have less than 5 spacings,
and for more than 8 spacings. However, although lines have commonly more than
8 spacings and a limit in this direction cannot bo fixed, there is no practical reason.
to increase the number of sections, because lines showing more than 8 spacings can
be justified in the same manner as lines with 8 spacings, the rest of or the excess
over the normal length being distributed among 8 spacings only, and the other
spaces not being changed. If therefore, by setting a line of more than 8 spacings,
section VIII of the register is brought into sight of the operator or into working
condition, the sectional shifting movement of the register is stopped.
し
If the justifying shall be performed automatically, the register must be provided.
with marks susceptible of mechanical or electrical action, as indentures, holes, pro-
joctions, contacts, and so on. For this purpose I prefer holes arranged at different
places, corresponding to the intersections of the said horizontal and vertical lines a,
of the registers Figs. 15, 20, these holes being of different depth, corresponding to
the numorals of the registers described heretofore, that is to say to the number of
the spaces required. The numerals annexed to the holes c of the sections V-VIII,
Fig. 15, and sections V, VIII, Fig. 29, therefore indicate as well the number of
the spaces required, as the depth of each hole. A further explanation of these
sections is not deemed necessary.
When a provisional line is finished, the section corresponding to the number of
spacings, and the row of holes corresponding to the rest or excess of this line, are
in working condition, and then this part of the register is brought into connection
with a feeding mechanism. The latter is thus controlled in a twofold manner,
corresponding to the place of the register holes and to their depth. The place of
the holes controls the size of the spaces to be afterwards inserted, an the depth
determines the number of each size. The feeding mechanism having been controlled
(which is performed in a very short time), the register returns to its normal or
initial position, whilst the operator begins a fresh line.
To carry out my process for matrix setting machines provide an apparatus
which is disposed and works in the following manner :-
Opposite to the assembling receptacle of the matrices, Fig. 1, I provide a
block 4 ou a movable rod 3, guided in supports of the frame A, which block is
reached by the foremost matrix, when the provisional line is near to be finished,
and then taken along with in the measure as the length of the line increases, until
all matrices forming the line are assembled, a provisional space being inserted
between each two words. The movement of the block 4 is transferred to a drum 14
Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, by a toothed lever 5 engaging at one end with a forked piece 3*
placed on rod 3, and at the toothed end 8 with a pinion 9 on a shaft 10, and then by
bevel wheels 11, 12 to the square shaft 13 of the drum 14, longitudinally movable
ou its shaft aud containing on its surface the register holes.
Instead of directly actuating lever 5 by the increasing line, there may be provided
a piece which is successively shifted by each key stroke a distance corresponding
to the thickness of the released matrix, aud this piece may reach at a convenient
time lever 5 or rod 3, and take them along with.
A two-armed lever 16 reaching beneath the spacing key 15, Figs. 1, 2, which is
depressed after each word to insert a provisional space, and carrying a pawl 17 at
its other arm, engages with a ratchet rack 18. This latter is thus shifted at each
stroke of the key 15 and takes along with the drum 14, as soon as roller 19 of rack 18
reaches the projecting drum edge, that is to say, in accordance with the foregoing,
at the 6th stroke of koy 15 by setting a line.
Thus the provisional line of matrices being finished, the holes of the drum con-
trolling the spaces for this line are in working condition, namely underneath a series
of pins or fingers 27 Figs. 1, 2, 4, guided vertically in holes 27 of the framo plato B
and in a guide plate 28. Fingers 27 are loosely connected to levers 26, held in a

page_text: raised position by a cross har 25 fonning with its arms 25° a swinging frame on
shaft 24. The holes 27" of the frame plate and tho fingers 27 correspond to the
holes of the register, and the fingers fit and may enter into the register holes, when
the cross bar 25 and levers 25* descend.
A crank shaft 22 is provided underneath the frame plate B, Figs. 1, 2, 3, carrying
a crank 20 at its outer end and a series of cam discs 30, 43, 21, 34, 40. Cam disc 30
actuates a rod 31 pivoted to the assembling receptacle 1, turning on a pivot 29 of
the frame. Against the cam disc 43 bears a two-armed lever 44, 45 reaching with
its upper end the downwards extending arm 46 of a plate 2, which is kept in constant
oscillation by the reciprocating piece 2* to forward the matrices descending into the
assembling receptacle.
Cam disc 21 controls the movement of a lover 23 mounted on the shaft 24 of the
swinging frame 25, 25*.
On the cam disc 34 rests an arm 35 of a pawl 33 Figs. 1, 2, engaging with the
ratchet rack 18 together with pawl 17. The latter has a lateral projection 36
extending over pawl 33, and is brought out of engagement with the rack 18 together
with pawl 33.
A cam disc 40 finally actuates a lover 42 Figs. 1, 2, 3 mounted on a shaft 41,
carrying at its other end a pawl 38 Fig. 4 engaging with the ratchet wheel 39 fixed
to the drum shaft.
The cams of discs ou shaft 22 are shaped and disposed in such manner, that if
the crank 20 is turned once around, firstly the oscillating plate 2 is pressed
against the rear end of the assembling receptaclo 1, to bear against a bridge 47,
as indicated by dotted lines, Fig. 1, in order to form a true rest for the line of
matrices, thus being clamped between the plate 2 and the block 4, and to bring
the latter and consequently the register drum into an exact position. Then the
cam of disc 21 strikes the lever 23, and swinging frame 25, 25 descends, followed
by those of the levers 26, tho fingers 27 of which correspond to a hole of the
drum section just in working condition, whercou all these parts immediately return
to their normal position.
After that the other cams come into working position; the assembling receptacle 1
swings downwards, as indicated by dotted lines, Fig. 1, to deliver the matrices to
the inclined channel 32, and then back upwards into its normal position; oscillating
plate 2 is released by lever 45, and pawls 33, 17 and 38 are thrown out of
engagement with rack 18 and ratchet wheel 39 respectively, whereby rack 18 is
driven back by a spring or weight, taking along with the drun by roller 37; and
the drum is simultaneously turned back by a weight or spring, so as to come into
its normal and initial position. Pawls 17, 33 and 38 then engage again with
rack 18 and wheel 39 respectively, whilst the operator begins to set a fresh line.
The assembling receptacle and the inclined channel 32 have similar cross
sectious, as shown Fig. 3; and the matrices, Fig. 17, 18, 22, are supposed of the
form of the linotype matrices, so as to be suspended by their upper projections
in the lateral grooves of the assembling receptacle I and the inclined channel 32,
in which they descend by gravity to the space feeding mechanism and then to the
casting device.
The space feeding mechanism, Fig. 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, consists of a series of ratchet
racks 68 horizontally guided and passing with their front ends between the
channels 82, which contain the spaces, each chaunel one size, in an order
corresponding to the vertical lines b of the register.
The spaces are of the form shown Fig. 19, 20, without lateral projections at the
under side, and stand over one another in the channels 82, as represented Fig. 4.
Between the channels 82 Figs. 4, 5, are mounted on an axis 92 two-armed levers 02*
with lateral projections 93, 94, which latter enter into the channels, forming the
well known escapement for releasing but one matrix at each oscillation. Levers 86
Figs. 4, 5, are pivoted to the chaunels 82, entering with lateral projections 87 into the
same and resting on pins 89 of the racks 68, which likewise cuter into the channels
with lateral projections 85 Fig. 4. To cach channel belongs one of the racks 68

page_text: and one of the levers 92*, but there is wanting one lever 86 to the first channel..
The racks 68 are held in their represented normal position by weights or springs,
and the levers 86 are pressed against the pins 89 by springs 90, Fig. 4 and thus
kept out of engagement with the undernost space, if the racks are in their normal
position; but if a rack 68 is drawn back, the corresponding lover 86 catches the
foot of the space and prevents it from dropping down, even though it is released
by the projection 94 of its lever 92*. Likewise the undermost space retained in
the channel by the projection 85 of rack 68 in its normal position, no matter
whether the projection 94 of the corresponding lever 92* is within or without
engagement with the upper projection of the space.
The racks 68 are toothed at both edges in ordor to allow of a step by step return
movement to their normal position, when removed therefrom, and controlled by the
well known typewriter escapement Fig. + consisting of a fixed pawl 79 and a
swinging pawl 72. The fixed pawl 79 is common to all racks, and is formed of a
cross bar connected to reciprocating rods 63, Figs. 4. 5, pivoted at their lower
ends to levers 95* on a shaft 95, and at their upper ends to levers 91 mounted on
shaft 92 Figs. 1, 2, 4. A shaft 75 Fig. 4 extending between the rods 63 carries
levers 71, loosely mounted thereon and pivoted at 74 to the pawls 72. Springs 77
Fig. 4 on a cross bar 76 actuate the levers 71 and the pawls 72. From that it
will be understood, that by reciprocating the frame 63, 79, 75, the racks 68 will.
perform a step by step movement to reach their normal position after having beca
drawn back.
Pawls 70 Fig. 4 are provided in connection with the racks 68, resting with
arms 81 against pins 80 of the racks, so as to be out of engagement with the teeth
of the racks, if the latter are in their normal position; but if a rack is drawn
back, the corresponding pawl 70 engages with the teeth of a rack. To each
rack 68 corresponds one of pawls 70, but there is one pawl wanting to the first
rack, and the pawl engaging with the second rack is controlled by the pin 80 of
the first rack, that engaging with the third rack by the pin of the second rack,
and so on.
Two-armed levors 65 Figs. 4, 5, actuated by springs 69 bear against rollers 67
of the racks 68, and are connected by the other arms and rods 66 to the above
mentioned levers 20 engaging with the fingers 27. If therefore the register at
the end of a provisional line is brought into its working condition, and when
the fingers 27 descend by turning the crank 20, the rear ends of levers 26 will
be raised, and the racks 68 drawn back a distance corresponding to the depth
of the register holes; that is to say, a rack 68 drawn back by entering of the
corresponding finger into a hole of the depth o will return in 5 steps to its normal
position, and so on.
The registers, Figs. 15, 29, show that each spacing is generally controlled by
two holes lying close by each other; correspondently there will be generally
actuated two racks 68 in the feeding mechanism also lying close by onch other.
Levers 95 are mounted on a shaft 95, Figs. 1, 2, 3, which extends to the key
board of the setting machine and passes through the hollow axis of the keys 73.
A. swinging frame consisting of a cross bar 96*, which extends above all keys,
and arms 97 mounted on shaft 95 is held in its lowered position by springs, and
raises at each key stroke. Therefore, the feeding mechanism having been con-
trolled at the end of a line by turning the crank, the escapement consisting of
the pawls 72, 79 will he reciprocated, when tho operator is setting the fresh line;
and the racks 68 drawn back by the previous crank movement will then roturn
by a step and step movement to their normal position. But from the foregoing
it will bo clear, that by reason of the pawls 70 the racks 68 cannot perform
this movement but each after one another, according as each pawl 70 catches
its rack 68 unless it will be released by the returning of the adjacent rack into
its normal position; and that at each step by reason of the swinging movement
of shaft 92 and levers 92", a space will be released and drop down out of but
one channel, if there was in action but one controlling hole of the register, or

page_text: commonly out of two adjacent channels successively, according as lever 80
catches the undermost space of its channel unless it will he released by the
returning of its adjacent rack 68 into its normal position, until the controlled
number of spaces is reached and the feeding stopped by entering of the
projections 85 of the racks 68 into their channels to catch the undermost snares.
The dropping spaces are inserted into the line at their proper places as follows:-
Two slide bars 54, 57, Figs. 1, 2, 6, placed over one another and guided
horizontally in the frame and a support 58 fixed to the inclined channel 32,
engage with pius 59, 60 to oblique slots 61, 62, of one of the rods 63, so that
the slide bars 54, 57 are alternately reciprocated in opposite directions, when the
rod performs its reciprocating movement.
The upper slide bar 54 is provided with lateral downwardly extending arms 52, 53,
arm 52 being fixed to one side of bar 54 and arm 53 to the other, and likewise the
lower slide bar 57 with arms 55, 56. To the arms 52, 53, 55, 56, are fixed pro-
jections or teeth 48, 49, 50, 51; and openings are provided in the sides of the
eclined chaunel 32 opposite to the teeth, so that the latter may alternately onter
into the grooves of the channel. Each letter matrix is notched at its upper
projections as indicated by numeral 64, Fig. 17, whilst the provisional spaces,
Fig. 18, have full upper projections, and the definitive spaces, Fig. 19, are wanting
of the lower projections so that they can enter into the inclined channel 32 when
dropping down out of their chaunels 82, the upper edges of the grooves of channel 32
being notched at 83, Fig. 1, beneath channels 82 in order to allow of the passage
of the upper projections of the matrices into the grooves of channel 32. Thus the
definitive spaces when dropping down are suspended by their upper projections in
the grooves of channel 32 and driven downwards by gravity as well as the letter
matrices.
The letter matrices, Fig. 17, will pass by the escapement formed of the
teeth 48, 49, 50, 51, no matter whether the teeth enter into the grooves of
chantel 32 or not; but the provisional spaces, Fig. 18, will be retained by the
teeth 48, 50, or teeth 49, 51.
By these means, the provisional line of matrices passing from the assembling
receptacle 1, to the inclined channel 32, as described, when driven downwards by
gravity, is stopped at the first provisional space, Fig. 1 aud only the first word
descends to the end of the inclined channel 32.
When beginning the fresh line, rod 63 performs a reciprocating movement at
each key struke, and teeth 48, 50 and 49, 51 of the escapement come alternately
into engagement with the grooves of channel 32.
From that it will be understood that there will be separated step by step one
word after another from the line and descend to the end of the chauuel; but
simultaneously there drops a definitive space into the channel at each stroke, as
stated before. The line will therefore reach the end of channel 32 with the
definitive spaces inserted at their proper places, that is to say in a justified
condition.
The provisional spaces remaining in the line, it is obvious, that the justifying
spaces in the channels 82 are respectively of the thicknesses of 1, 2, 3
units, as
described with reference to sections V VI of the register represented in Fig. 15.
In order to increase the weight of the thinnest spaces of 1 and 2 units and to
insure their descending movement in the channels 82, they may be provided with a
heavy lateral projection 115, us represented Fig. 20, and channels 82 with corre-
sponding grooves for the passage of projections 115. These latter are placed
and disposed so as to not interfere with the letter matrices uor with the casting
device.
-
If the provisional spaces shall be withdrawn and substituted by definitive spaces
of the thicknesses of m, m + 1, m + 2....or..." 2, 1- 1, 2, 1, n, + 2.
units, letters m and a indicating respectively the thickness of the thinnest or of
middle space, as described with reference to sections VII VIII and V VIII of
the registers represented in Figs. 15, 20, the escapement for detaching single

page_text: words from the line, in order to inserte the definitive spaces, has the arrangement
shown in Figs. 7, 8 in front view and side view respectively; and the provisional
spaces in this case have no triangular recess at the upper edge, Fig. 21, as the
letter natrices, Figs. 18, 22. An indenture 121 is provided near the upper edge
to engage with a spring hook 119, Figs. 7, 8, in order to draw upwards the space and
out of the line. The hook 119 is attached to a slide piece 118 guided vertically on a
channel 117, into which enter the provisional spaces when removed. A triangular
projection 116 extending downwards from the channel 117 into the inclined
cbanuel 32 prevents the provisional spaces from passing by that projection, whilst
the letter matrices, by reason of their triangular recess, Fig. 18, are enabled to
slide downwards to the end of channel 32. Another stop 116* may be provided,
and the letter matrices made with a corresponding recess at the foot, Fig. 22.
Slide piece 118 Figs. 7, 8, is reciprocated by a lever 120 connected to one of the
above mentioned rods 63. Therefore at each key stroke by setting a fresh line a
provisional space will be withdrawn out of the previously setted line, sliding step
by step towards the projection 116 or projections 116 and 116* and then descending
word by word to the casting device at the end of channel 32. But at each key
stroke there will also drop a definitive space out of channels 82 into the channel 32,
as stated before; the line will therofore reach the end of channel 32 in a justified
condition, the provisional spaces being changed against definitive ones.
The spaces withdrawn by the hook 119 Figs. 7 8, enter into channel 117, passing
with their upper edge between constantly rotating friction rollers 122, 123, pressed
against each other by springs, and are carried upwards by friction, thus raised step
by step to the upper part of channel 117. A spring 124 entering into the channel,
opposite to an aperture 125 in its side, bears against the uppermost space of the
ascending column of spaces and presses it out of the channel through aperture 125,
whilst the upper lateral projections of the space enter into grooves of the inclined
channel 126 to keep it suspended when descending by gravity to the projections 127
provided at the end of channel 126. Thus the provisional spaces are assembled
again in the lower part of channel 120 and may be detached each after another and
drop down through channel 128 in order to be inserted at their proper places into
the fresh line being composed.
Fige. 9, 10 show in front view and top view respectively a modification of
assembling the matrices and controlling the register. The matrices detached by
the key stroke are supposed to enter at the upper end of channel 129 and to
descend by gravity, until they are arrested by the block 4, fixed to a lever 131
pivoting on a pin of rod 130, which latter is guided in the frame of the machine,
and engages with the toothed lever 5 controlling the register drum. Lover 131 is
conuected by a rod 135 to a lever 134 on a pivot fixed to the frame, and a cam
dise 132 mounted on the crank shaft 22 actuates the lover 134 by means of a
rod 133 and a roller bearing against the edge of disc 132.
Another cam disc 137
actuates the swinging plate 136 by means of a rod 138.
When turning the crank at the end of a provisional line, this line is firstly
clamped between plate 136, which swings into the position ropresented by dotted
lines, and block 4, which latter in the same time is driven forwards a distance
corresponding to the rest of or the excess over the normal length of the lines, and
the register drum is accordingly turned into its working position. After that,
block 4 is swung upwards, releasing the line, which then descends by gravity
towards the space feeding apparatus.
Figs. 11, 12, 13, 14 show modifications of the space feeding escapement.
In the modification, represented Fig. 11, side view, and Fig. 12, vertical section
through line of Fig. 11, ratchet wheels 139 are loosely mounted on an axis 139*
supported by bearings 140°. Lovers 92* with projections 93, 94, as heretofore
described with reference to Fig. 4, loosely mounted on an axis supported by the
space containing channels 82, and kept by springs in their represented normal
position engage with the wheels 139 by rear projections 157. To each ratchet
wheel 139 belongs one lever 142 and one of a series of ratchet segments 141, both

page_text: loosely mounted on boxes 141* fixed to the wheels 139. Segments 141 are provided
with arms 140 carrying each a pawl 145, which engages with the ratchet wheel 139,
and a pin 143 bearing against lever 142. Segments 141 are kept by springs in
their represented normal position, and return thereto when removed therefrom.
Ratchet wheels 139 move freely on axis 139*. Pins 154 of the segments 141
engage with rods 153, which enter with their front ends into the channels 82 to
catch the undermust spaces, as shown in Fig. 11, and hold the pawls 155 out of
engagement with the segments 141, pawl. 155 bearing with arms 156* against
pins 156 of rods 153 and being disposed in the same manner as described with
reference to pawls 70 of Fig. 4. But if the segments are turned out of their
normal position, rods 153 spring back, so as to release the undermost space and
allow of engagement of pawls 155 with the segments.
Swinging plates 147 are loosely mounted on an axis 146 extending between the
bearings 146, and carry each two pawls 148, 149 on a box 146*, pawl 149 being
longitudinally guided by the box and a piu of plate 147, engaging with slots 150, 151
of the pawls, and pawl 148 pivoting on box 146 of the plate. The pawls are
actuated by springs.
Levers 142 are connected by rods 144 to the above mentioned levers 26, which
engage with the fingers 27, controlled by the register; and platos 147 are connected
by rods 152 to levers 95 on the above mentioned shaft 95, which extends to the
keyboard throughout the hollow axis of the keys and carries the swinging
frame 96 97. "If therefore segments 141 are turned out of their normal position,
when turning the crank and controlling the levers 26 by the register, they will
return thereto in a step by step movement when composing the next line; and a
space will be fed out of the channels 82 at each step, lever 92* being reciprocated
step by step by means of the teeth of wheel 139 which is moved by pawl 145 aud
passes by the projections 157 of levers 92*.
The modification, represented Fig. 13, side view, and Fig. 14, front view,
channels 82 being removed, is based on the principle of the well known numboring
machines.
On a shaft 167, supported by bearings 167", are loosely mounted ratchet
segments 159, kept in position by spring pawls 165. To each segment belongs a
lever 163 likewise loosely mounted on shaft 167 and bearing against a pin 164 of
the segment, when the latter is in its normal position, as represented in Fig. 13.
A stepped pawl 158 extends between the two-armed levers 166 fixed to the ends of
shaft 167, passing throughout the hollow axis of the segments. Pawl 158 is mounted
ou a shaft 161 journaled in the levers 166 and extending through one of these
levere. A lever 160 is fixed to the projecting end of shaft 161 and bears with
a pin against a stop 162 supported by the channels 82, when pawl 158 is out of
engagement with the ratchet segments 169. Pins 168 projecting downwards from
segments 159 bear against studs 169* of rods 100 guided between the channels 82
and entering each, with lateral projections 170, 171, into two adjacent channels.
Rods 160 are actuated by springs, and the projections 170, 171 are placed to both
sides of the rods and in such distance from each other that projection 170 catohes
the undermost space of one channel and projection 171 in the same time releases
the undermost space of the adjacent channel, when rod 169 is kept by the pin 168.
But if a segment 159 is turned out of its normal position, rod 189 springs back,
and projections 170, 171 change their functions.
Levers 163 are connected by rods 163 to the levers 26 controlled by the
register, and levers 166 by the rods 63 to the levers 95* of the shaft 95 carrying
the swinging frame 96 97*. To rods 63 are likewise connected lovers 91 journaled
in the rear wall of channels 82 and carrying the escapement levers 92*, which
enter into the channels with projections 93, 94 as and to the purpose heretofore
described.
From the foregoing description it will be clear that when the segments 159 arc
brought out of their normal position by turning the crank and controlling the
levers 26 by the register, and then the keys are depressed by composing the next

page_text: line, pawl 158 will be oscillated and the segments turned back step by step and one
after another to their normal position, whilst in the same time a space is fed
at each stroke.
The casting device is represented in Figs. 1, 2, 16 in front view, top view and
side elevation respoctively. The justified line of matrices, when descending word
by word in the channel 32, reaches finally a receptacle 112 forming the continuation
of channel 32, and supported by a lever 114 pivoted at 113 to the frame of the
machine. The line bears against a cross plate 104 fixed to the frame plates and
normally inclined to the direction of channel 32 so as to likewise incline the
assembled matrices as required for casting. Clamps 96, 97 turning on pivots 98, 99
in bearings of the frame, and controlled by cams 102 actuating the roller arms 100,
101 of the clamps, extend to both sides of the matrix line.
A two-armed lever 105 actuated by a cam disc 106 on shaft 106* is mounted on
a shaft 105 journaled in the frame plates. To lever 105 is pivoted another
lever 103 carrying a block 103 and actuated by a two-armed lever 108 loosely
mounted on shaft 105 and bearing against a cam disc 109. Lever 103 is controlled
by a spring 107, which swings upwards the block 103* so as to bring it into line
with the matricos behind the outermost matrix, when the corresponding portion of
cam disc 109 passes by the roller of lever 108, so as to release lever 103 from the
pressure of lever 108. The several cams are disposed and shaped in such manner,
that by a revolution of their supporting shaft 106* firstly block 103 is raised and
then carried towards the line in order to slightly compress it in the length, whilst
the clanips 96, 97 are pressed against its sides, to straighten the line in its slightly
compressed condition. After that the line is released again from the clamps, and
block 103 driven forwards to firmly compress the line, and then clamps 96, 97 are
firmly pressed again to its sites. The line being in this condition, the spout 111
of the melting pot is swung towards the mould 110 provided in clamp 97, and the
casting performed,
Then all parts return to their normal position, whilst the receptacle 112 with
the matrices is carried upwards by lever 114 to the distributing apparatus.
Figs. 23-28 show my invention applied to a type-setting machine. The types
released by the key stroke Fig. 23 enter at 172 into the type channel 173 and are
pushed forwards by the oscillating plate 2, actuated by the reciprocating pusher 174.
A spring catch 189, Fig. 24, fixed to a part 177 hereinafter described, and entering
through a slot into the channel prevents the types from falling back. Provisional
spaces consisting of wire pieces 192, Figs. 27, 28, of greater length than the types
and of smaller diameter then the body of the latter are inserted after each word.
The spaces project from the line at the top and at the bottom, and are guided in the
middle of the line by guide rails 195, 196 fixed to the upper edges of the
channel 173 and by a slot 193 in its bottom. A strip 104 extending beneath
slot 193 prevents the spaces from dropping down. Block 4, plate 2, rod 130,
toothed lever 5, levers 131, 134, rods 133, 138 and cam discs on the crank shaft 22
perform the same functions as described with reference to Fig. 9.
Two levers 180, 181 on pivots 180*, 181* of the frame of the machine Fig. 23
and slotted at their upper end engage with slide pieces 176, 177 guided in lateral
grooves 175 of the sides of the type channel 173. Lever 181 is actuated by a cam
disc 184 on the crank shaft 22 against spring 183, and engages by its hook shaped
arm 185 with a stud 186 of the arm 187 of lever 180, controlled by a spring 182.
Slide pieces 176, 177 are provided with spring pawls 190, 189 entering into the type
channel through slots 191 of its side walls. By turning the crank, when a provi-
sional line is finished, the line is clamped between plate 2 and block 4, in order to
control the position of the register, and block 4 swings upwards, all as heretofore
described, and then levers 180, 181 are put into swinging motion by cam disc 184.
Lever 181 swings from the right to the left of Fig. 23 forwarding the set line by
pawls 189 of slide piece 177, whilst lever 180, simultaneously swung from the 'left
to the right, brings the spring pawls 190 of slide pieco 176 at the end of the

page_text: forwarded line, to bear against the outermost type. If then by carrying on the crank
movement, lever 181 swings back to the right into its normal position, the line is
forwarded again by lever 180 likewise returning to its normal position, which
latter, however, is not reached by the lever 180, the line being stopped at the
foremost space, which is retained by bridges 198, 199 of the galley 107, Fig. 27, 28.
The space feeding mechanism, Fig. 26, is nearly the same as represented in Fig. 4,
the parts indicated by similar numerals performing similar functions, as described
with reference to Fig. 4, so that another description of the same is deemed super-
Buous. The definitive spaces 205 are placed in horizontal channels 206, turning.
their flat sides to the walls and pressed by a spring or weight and a piece 207
against the closed ends of the channels. Each channel is provided with an
aperture beneath the foremost space and a drop shaft 212, through which the space
drops down, when released, to the common inclined channel 213, and then descends
by gravity to its lower end and opposite to a pusher 214, Fig. 27, in order to be
pushed into the line through an aperture 215 of the rear wall of channel 173.
Shaft 92, which is connected by levers 91 to the swinging frame 63, carrying the
fixed pawl 79 and the loose pawls 72, as and to the purposes described with
reference to Fig. 4, is provided with levers 216 and at one end with a lever 221
connected to the pusher rod 221. Levers 216 engage each with studs 217 of
reds 200, vertically guided between the channels 206 and carrying a lateral
projection 211 on an arm 210 extending from the rods. Chaunels 206 are provided
with lateral recesses beneath the projections 211, so as to allow of entering of the
latter and driving downwards the outermost space, when a rod descends by
pressure of a spring 208. Rods 209 are indented at 220, and pawls 218 pressed
by springs against rods 209 will enter into the recesses 220 and catch the rods in
their raised position, if the ratchet racks 68 are drawn back and the lower arms of
pawls 218 released from studs 210 of the racks. Pawls 218 and pawls 70 engaging
with racks 68 are disposed as and to the purpose described with reference to Fig. 4,
that is to say, the first pawls 70 and 218 are controlled by the first rack 68, and
engage with the second rack 68 and with the second rod 209 respectively, and the
second pawls 70, 218, controlled by the second rack, engage with the third rack
and rod respectively, and so on. Rods 209 finally are caught by the front ends of
racks 68, if the latter are in their normal position, as represented in Fig. 26.
n
From the foregoing it will be understood, that racks 68 having been drawn back,
when controlling the levers 26 by the register, and then shalt 95 being oscillated by
setting a fresh line, racks 68 will be brought step by step and one alter another to
their normal position, and one space will be fed at each step and driven forwards
into the type channel by the reciprocating pusher 214, whilst the provisional
space 192, removed by the entering definitivo oue, drops down through an
Bperture 202, Fig. 27, into a channel 203, and is pushed forwards at the next stroke
by a projection 204*, Fig. 26, extending downwards from pusher 214. Thus the
line of provisional spaces assembled in the channel 203 and resting upon a slide
piece 204 is forwarded step by step towards that end of channels 203 and 173,
where the provisional type line is composed and the provisional spaces are inserted
again.
As soon as a provisional space has been substituted by a definitive one, lever 180
comes into action and pushes forwards the type line, until it is stopped again by
the next of the provisional spaces, which is caught by the bridges 198, 199,
and 60 OD.
The latter are loosely mounted on pins and bear against studs 198", 199*, and
the pusher 214 is cam shaped at 214. Thus, when the pusher is forwarded,
cam 214* actuates the rollers of the bridge arms, and the line up to the provisional
space bearing against the bridges is slightly pressed back, whereby the breach
between the words formed by a provisional space is enlarged in order to allow of
the insertion at a larger sized definitive space. All the provisional spaces having
been thrown out and changed against definitive ones, the line reaches the

page_text: galley 197 in a justified condition, and is shifted sideward by the reciprocating
piece 200 to make way for the next line, a movable wall 201 of the galley being
provided to bear against the columu.
The features of the inventiou shewn in Figs. 23 to 28 as applied to common
type setting machines are not restricted thereto, the same features being obviously
applicable to matrix setting machines in so far as there is no difference whether
the elements to be composed are common types as supposed in Figs. 23 to 28 or
matrices as used in linotype machines. Figs. 23 to 28 may therefore likewise
represent a part of a matrix setting machine as regards the assembling of the
matrices into a line and the justifying of the latter, with the only modification that
the galley represented in the said figures is to be exchanged for the casting
apparatus described with reference to Figs. 1, 2, 16.
I am not aware that prior to my invention a process of justifying lines has been
known, in which a register, containing signs or marks indicating the number and
size of spaces required to justify any line, is controlled by setting a line so as to
bring into sight of the operator or into relation to an automatic space feeding
device, that part of the register which contains the signs or marks just indicating
the number and size of spaces required to justify the set line. 1 therefore claim
such a process broadly.
If my process of justifying has not been known heretofore, it will be obvious
that likewise an apparatus for carrying out such a process has not been used prior
to my invention.
I therefore claim broadly a justifying apparatus for lines composed by matrix-
or type-setting machines, in which the above mentioned register is combined with
a space feeding mechanism controlled by the regiator, so as to feed the number
and the sizes of spaces required to justify any line, and 1 further claim broadly
in a justifying apparatus the combination of the above mentioned register, a space
feeding apparatus controlled by the register, and an escapeinent to stop the line at
each spacing.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The process of justifying lines composed by matrix- or type-setting machines,
which consists in controlling, by setting a live, a register or an index with reference
to a register containing signs or marks corresponding to the number and sizes
of spaces required to justify any line, so as to bring into sight of the operator
that part of the register which contains the signs or marks just indicating the
number and sizes of spaces required to justify the set line, substantially as and for
the purposes
described.
2. The process of justifying lines composed by matrix- or type-setting machines,
which consists in controlling, by setting a line, a register or au index with reference
to a register containing signs or marks corresponding to the number and sizes of
spaces required to justify any line, so as to bring into relation to a space feeding
device that part of the register, which contains the signs or marks just indicating
the number and sizes of spaces required to justify the set line, substantially as and
for the purposes described.
3. In an apparatus for justifying lines composed by matrix- or type-setting
macbines a register, which contains signs or marks corresponding to the number
and sizes of spaces required to justify any line, substantially as and for the purposes
described.
4. In an apparatus for justifying lines composed by matrix- or type-setting
machines a register, consisting of a drum. provided with indentures of different
depth, or projections of different length corresponding to the number and size
of spaces required to justify any line, substantially as and for the purposes
doscribed.
5. In an apparatus for justifying lines composed by matrix- or type-setting

page_text: machines the combination of a register, which contains signs or marks corresponding
to the number and sizes of spaces required to justify any line, and a space feeding
mechanism, substantially as and for the purposes described.
6. In an apparatus for justifying lines composed by matrix- or type-setting
Imachines the combination of a register, which contains signs or marks corresponding
to the number and sizes of spaces required to justify any line, a space feeding
mechanism, and an escapement or device to stop the line at each spacing,
substantially as and for the purposes described.
7. In an apparatus for justifying lines composed by matrix- or type-setting
machines the combination of a register, which contains signs or marks corresponding
to the number and sizes of spaces required to justify any line, and means for
shifting the register by setting a line, substantially as and for the purposes
described.
8. In an apparatus for justifying lines composed by matrix- or type-setting
machines the combination of a register, which contains signs or marks corresponding
to the number and sizes of spaces required to justify any line, a block shifted by
the increasing line, and means for controlling the register by the block shifting
movement, substantially as and for the purposes described.
9. In an apparatus for justifying lines composed by matrix- or type-setting
machines the combination of a register, which contains signs or marks corre-
ponding to the number and sizes of spaces required to justify any line, a space
key for insorting provisional spaces by setting the line, and means for shifting the
register at each stroke of the space key, substantially as and for the purposes
described.
10. In an apparatus for justifying lines composed by matrix- or type-setting
inachines the combination of a register, which contains signs or marks corresponding
to the number and sizes of spaces required to justify any line, a block shifted by
the increasing line, a plate or block for adjusting the line, and means for controlling
the register by the line adjusting movement, substantially as aud for the purposes
described.
11. In an apparatus for justifying lines composed by mutrix- or type-setting
machines the combination of a register, which contains signs or marks corre-
sponding to the number and sizes of spaces required to justify any live, a space
feeding mechanism, and means for controlling the space feeding mechanism by the
register, substantially as and for the purposes described.
12. In an apparatus for justifying lines composed by matrix- or type-setting
machines the combination of movable stops controlling the feeding of
spaces, aud
ratchet devices intermittingly actuating the said stops, substantially as and for the
purposes described.
13. In an apparatus for justifying lines composed by matrix- or type-setting
machines the combination of movable stops controlling the feeding of spaces, ratol.et
devices intermittingly actuating the said stops, and means for oscillating the said
ratchet devices by the key stroke of the setting machine, substantially as and for
the purposes described.
14. In an apparatus for justifying lines composed by matrix- or type-setting
machines the combination of movable stops controlling the feeding of spaces, and
an escapement or catch for stopping the line at each spacing, substantially as and
for the purposes described.
15. In an apparatus for justifying lines composed by matrix- or type-setting
machines the combination of movable stops controlling the feeding of spaces, an
escapement or catch for stopping the line at each spacing, and means for actuating
the said escapement or catch by the key stroke of the setting machine, substantially
as and for the purposes described.
16. In an apparatus for justilying liues composed by matrix- or type-setting
machines a matrix- or type-channel for assembling the provisional line, justifying
the same and delivering the justified line, substantially as and for the purposes
described.

page_text: 17. In an apparatus for justifying lines composed by matrix- or type-setting
machines the combination of a matrix- or type-channel, a space feeding mechanisin
and an escapement or catch for stopping the line at each spacing, substantially as
and for the purposes described.
18. In an apparatus for justifying lines composed by matrix- or type-setting
machines the combination of a matrix- or type-channel, a space feeding mechanism,
and an escapement or catch for detaching the matrices, or types word by word at
each spacing, substantially as and for the purposes described.
19. In an apparatus for justifying lines composed by matrix- or type-setting
machines the combination of a matrix- or type-channel, a space feeding mechanism,
an escapement or catch for stopping the line at each spacing and means for
withdrawing the provisional spaces, substantially as and for the purposes described.
20. In an apparatus for justifying matrix-lines composed by matrix-setting
machines the combination of a horizontal matrix assembling receptacle, an incline:
channel for justifying the line and delivering the same, and means for bringing the
assembling receptacle into line with the said inclined channel, substantially as and
for the purposes described.
21. In an apparatus for justifying matrix-lives composed by matrix-setting
machines the combination of an escapement or catch for stopping the line at ench
spacing and a letter-matrix provided with a nick or recess in its upper shoulder,
substantially as and for the purposes described.
22. In an apparatus for justifying matrix-lines composed by matrix-setting
machines the combination of a space provided with a nick and means for with-
drawing the space by way of the said nick, substantially as and for the purposes
described.
23. In an apparatus for justifying lines composed by matrix or type-setting
machines the combination of two levers swinging in opposite directions and pushers.
or drivers conuected to the said levers and entering into the matrix or type channel,.
substantially as and for the purposes described.
24. In an apparatus for justifying lines composed by matrix or type-setting
machines the combination of provisional spaces extending at the top and the bottom
of the type line and bridges for stopping the line at each spacing, substantially as
and for the purposes described.
25. In an apparatus for justifying lines composed by matrix or type-setting
machines tho combination of provisional spaces extending at the top and the bottom
of the line, movable bridges for stopping the line at each spacing, and means for
actuating the said bridges at each spacing, substantially as and for the purposes.
described.
Dated Mauch 1905
THOMAS R. SHILLITO,
89 Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Agent for the Applicant.