Improvements in and connected with Electrolysis, and in Apparatus connected thereto.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd May, 1894
Complete Specification Left, 23rd Mar., 1895-Accepted, 23rd May, 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with Electrolysis, and in Apparatus
connected thereto.
I, EMILE GAUTIER of 54 Rue Lepic, Paris, in the Republic of France,
Journalist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Heretofore in electrolysis there have always been two electrodes of various
forms and shapes and it has generally been found that after a certain point the
yield decreases, say for example, in the electrolysis of sodium or earthy chlorides
the yield of chlorine say of up to 2 or 3 grammes per litre is practically the
maximum yield under favourable conditions, but after the above ratio has been
reached the yield rapidly decreases and the temperature increases.
This invention consists in cooling the positive and negative electrodes in every
case according to the chemical element or compound to be obtained, that is to say,
so that the temperature of the electrode must never be allowed to approach such
a temperature that the element or compound forms combinations other than
intended or disappears altogether.
The electrodes may consist of tubes, chambers or the like through which a
current of water or other fluid is made to flow or they may be made or provided
with accessories in any manner which permits of regulating the heat thereof during
the electrolysis.
As one example, for instance, in the electrolysis of calcium chloride under
proper conditions the electrodes are formed of platinum and zinc tubes in which a
constant circulation of cold water is made to take place, the production of hypo-
chlorite of lime is constant with a maximum yield up to any strength required of
chlorine.
Peroxide of hydrogen may also be obtained by electrolysis by using electrodes.
as described and this hitherto has been practically impossible.
Deted this 22rd der of Mo 1901
JENSEN & SON,
77, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Patent Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with Electrolysis, and in Apparatus
connected thereto.
I, EMILE GAUTIER of 54 Rue Lepic, Paris, in the Republic of France,
Journalist do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
Heretofore in electrolysis there have always been two electrodes of various
forms and shapes and it has generally been found that after a certain point the
yield decreases, say, for example, in the electrolysis of sodium or earthy chlorides,
the yield of chlorine, say of up to 2 or 3 grammes per litre is practically the

page_text: reached the yield rapidly decreases and the temperature increases.
This invention consists in cooling the positive and negative electrodes in every
case, either directly or indirectly, according to the chemical element or compound
to be obtained, that is to say, so that the temperature of the electrodes must never
be allowed to approach such a temperature that the element or compound forms
combinations other than intended or disappears altogether.
The electrodes may consist of tubes chambers or the like through which a
current of water or other fluid is made to flow, or they may be made, or provided
with accessories, in any manner which permits of regulating the heat thereof
during the electrolysis.
As an example I will describe and illustrate my invention as applied to apparatus
of the kind described and shown in the Specification and drawings of the Patent
granted to Messrs. Hermite, Paterson and Cooper, No. 1993 of 1887.
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of an electrolysing apparatus.
Figure 2 is a transverse section thereof and
Figure 3 is a plan.
Figure 4 represents apparatus in longitudinal elevation which apparatus is
mounted at a slight angle to the horizontal for the purpose of preventing the
accumulation of a deposit between the two electrodes.
Referring to Figures 1, 2 and 3 the apparatus is mounted in a tank A preferably
made. of insulating material, but it might also be made of metal as long as the
positive electrode B, is properly insulated. The ends A¹ of the tank are preferably
each made in two pieces and the half cylindrical positive electrode B lies between
them, tight joint being made by packing strips of rubber A³. The electrode is
further strengthened or supported by ribs A both inside and outside, which ribs
are as well as the electrode secured to longitudinal strips A³ fastened to the sides
of the tank A. by screws or otherwise. This is rendered necessary if the electrode
be made of thin platinum for commercial reasons as shown in the example. The
electrode B projects at one end to the outside of the tank A so as to afford con-
venience for connecting the conductor W. The tank A is supplied with a cooling
water inlet A and outlet A' and a constant stream of water is kept up for the
purpose of keeping the temperature of the electrode B down to the required
degree.
Centrally above the positive electrode B is the negative electrode Z mounted
on hollow trunnions S Sf journalled in stuffing boxes as shown to one of which is
connected the conductor W. Mounted on the trunnion S' is a pulley E by means
of which rotary motion is given to the negative electrode. The cooling water
enters by the trunnion S and passes off by the trunnion S¹ and a constant stream
of water is kept up to cool the negative electrode. The trunnions S S¹ are also
provided with stuffing boxes s³ ³ respectively at their ends for ensuring the liquid
tight joint between them and the supply and discharge pipes s and s' in order to
allow of the revolution of the negative electrode. The solution to be electrolysed
enters by the pipe a and passes out through the outlet a¹ after having passed
between the electrodes, the surfaces of which are kept at a constant temperature
by means of the circulation of the cooling liquid.
The negative electrode Z is provided with knives or scrapers K as described in
the aforesaid Specification.
Figure 4 requires no further description except that the whole apparatus is
mounted at a slight angle to prevent the accumulation of deposit between the
negative and positive electrodes.
The inlet and outlet a and a' respectively for the solution to be electrolysed are
also in line with each other so as to make a straight flow between the positive and
negative electrodes.
The apparatus shown are for example applicable for the electrolysis of calcium
chloride, the electrodes are formed of platinum and zinc and the production of

page_text: bypochlorite of lime is constant with a maximum yield up to any strength required
of chlorine.
Peroxide of hydrogen may also be obtained by electrolysis by using electrodes
as described and this hitherto has been practically impossible.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is
-
1. In electrolysing apparatus, cooling to the required degree the positive and
negative electrodes.
2. The apparatus for electrolysing consisting of a tank A provided with inlet
and outlet for cooling fluid or material and having mounted therein a positive
electrode B through which latter flows the electrolysing solution and a negative
electrode Z revolving in such solution and having inlet and outlet for cooling water
substantially as described and shown.
3. The construction of apparatus shown on the drawings.
ديوم
1005
JENSEN & SON,
77, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Patent Agents.