Improvements in the Method of Dyeing and similarly Treating Textile Materials and Fabrics in all Stages of Preparation and Manufacture.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 19th July, 1899
Complete Specification Left, 19th May, 1900-Accepted, 19th July,
1900
Improvements in the Method of Dyeing and similarly Treating Textile
Materials and Fabrics in all Stages of Preparation and Manufacture.
I, WILLIAM GEORGE HEYS, of 70, Market Street, Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this inven-
tion to be as follows:-
This invention relates to processes for dyeing and otherwise treating with
liquids, all descriptions of textile materials and fabrics in all stages of pre-
paration and manufacture, such materials and fabrics being hereinafter generally
described as goods."
66
Usually, the goods are immersed bodily into the bath of liquid with which
they have to be treated, but according to the present invention, care is taken
that the goods do not enter and that they are not touched by the liquid in its
normal condition.
According to the present improvements, if the liquid will not form a good foam
or froth of considerable depth and fair permanence, there is added to it some
suitable substance or substances, such as soap, potash and turkey-red oil, or
the like, which will permit such a foam of the liquid to be produced. If the
goods have to be treated under heat, the foam may be produced by boiling the
liquid either under normal conditions, under pressure, or in a partial vacuum,
as must be determined in each case. If the goods have to be treated in the
cold, the foam may be produced by agitation.
The vessel in which the treatment is to be conducted, is made sufficiently
deep to contain the liquid and a sufficiently deep or thick layer of its foam
above it.
The liquid having been run into the vat and the goods having been suspended
in it sufficiently above the level of the liquid to prevent actual contact, the liquid
may be brought to the boil by means of a steam pipe in the vessel as is well
understood. The ebullition produces a foam which rises and submerges the
goods and perfectly effects their dyeing or other similar treatment.
Before treatment, the goods may be wrapped or made up into parcels, in muslin
or open canvas, or be placed in open sections, especially if they consist of cops
and the like or unspun or other fibres.
A layer of wire gauze or of other similar material may be introduced between
the liquid and the goods to prevent actual contact between them more effec-
tively.
The water of condensation from the steam heating pipes in the hot process,
may be controllably run into the dye or other bath to compensate for evaporation
therefrom.
After treatment, the goods may be dried in a centrifugal machine or otherwise

page_text: after washing, or they may be first washed and then dried in the same machine,
Or, the goods may be otherwise treated according to known processes after having
been submitted to the new treatment herein before described.
W. E. HEYS & SON,
Agents for the Applicants.
Improvements in the Method of Dyeing and similarly Treating Textile
Materials and Fabrics in all Stages of Preparation and Manufacture.
I, WILLIAM GEORGE HEYS, of 70, Market Street, Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Chartered Patent Agent, (communicated by Lookern Campagne of
Almelo, Holland, Manufacturer) do hereby declare the nature of this invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:―
This invention relates to processes for dyeing and otherwise treating with
liquids, all descriptions of textile materials and fabrics in all stages of pre-
paration and manufacture, such materials and fabrics being hereinafter generally
described as "
goods."
According to the existing practice, the goods are immersed bodily into or are
saturated with the bath of liquid with which they have to be treated, but accord-
ing to this invention, care is taken that the goods do not enter and are not touched
by the liquid in its normal condition.
In carrying out the present improvements, if the liquid will not form a good
foam, or froth, of considerable depth and fair permanence, there is added to
it some suitable substance or substances, such as soap, potash and turkey-red .oil,
or the like, which will permit such a foam of the liquid to be produced. If
the goods have to be treated under heat, the foam may be produced by boiling
the liquid either under normal conditions, under pressure, or in a partial vacuum,
as must be determined in each case.
If the goods have to be treated in the cold, the foam may be produced by
agitation.
The vessel in which the treatment is conducted is made sufficiently
deep to contain the liquid and a sufficiently thick layer of its foam above it.
The liquid having been run into the vat and the goods having been suspended
in it sufficiently above the level of the liquid to prevent actual contact of it with
the goods, the liquid may be brought to the boiling point by means of a steam
pipe in the vat, as is well understood. The ebullition produces a foam which
rises and submerges the goods, and perfectly effects their dyeing or other similar
treatment. Alternatively, the goods may be suspended in the vat in like manner,
after the foam has been produced.
Before treatment the goods may be made up in parcels of convenient sizes
wrapped with muslin or open canvas wrappers, especially when they consist of
unspun or other fibres, cops, and the like. "Cheeses" of yarn, and similar
articles may be suspended without wrapping.
A layer of wire gauze or of other suitable material which will admit the passage
of the foam freely through it, may be introduced between the foam and the
liquid, to prevent actual contact of the goods with the liquid more effectually.
The water of condensation from the steam heating pipes may be controllably
run into the dye or other bath to compensate for evaporation therefrom.
After treatment, the goods may be dried in a centrifugal machine or otherwise

page_text: after washing, or, they may be first washed and then dried in the same centrifugal
machine. Or the goods may be other wise treated according to known processes
after having been submitted to the new treatment as herein before described.
In order that this invention may be more clearly understood, my foreign
correspondent particularly describes in a typical example the method of and
means for carrying it out in the dyeing of yarn in cops. The proceedings are
analogous in all respects with the proceedings in the case of other goods.
The tank or vat may be rectangular, 8 ft. long, 4 ft. deep, and 4 ft. wide.
In the bottom of the vat, inside, there is a serpentine of 2 inch steam pipe
which may have a total length of from 36 feet to 40 feet. At one end the
serpentine communicates with a valve controlled steam inlet, and at the other
end with an outlet leading to a steam trap. In addition there is led into the
vat, an open steam pipe through which live steam can be admitted for boiling
the liquid and as an aid to the serpentine. At some part of the side of the vat
there is a water gauge by which the height of the liquid in the vat can always
be ascertained. At the top of the vats there is arranged or is arrangeable; a
series of wood or copper rods from which the goods can be suspended.
There is added to the bath a sufficiency of soap in solution to produce a good
froth. In the case of red dyeing for example, the bath may contain 2 per cent.
of colour, 225 per cent. of curd soap, 3 per cent. of potash, and 2 per cent. of
turkey-red oil. The cops are made up in bundles, like cigars, and each bundle
is wrapped in mull or muslin, and is suspended above the liquor which should not
be more than 16 inches deep.
All being ready, steam is turned on, and as soon as a sufficiency of foam has
been produced, the parcels of cops are suspended therein, if they were not
already in place before boiling commenced.
The steam supply is regulated from time to time as may be required to main-
tain the necessary depth of foam. When the supply of steam from the open
steam pipe is insufficient by its condensation, to make up for the loss by evapora-
tion, the water of condensation from the serpentine is admitted through a valve
controlled pipe from the steam trap hereinbefore referred to. The necessity for
this addition will be indicated in the water gauge.
The vat should be in such a position that it is not exposed to air draughts,
which diminish the foam.
For light shades, the operation is completed in about 30 minutes, benzo-red,
may be dyed in about an hour, full blue in about 90 minutes, and black in about
one and threequarters hours. Of course, heavy and thick yarns take a shorter
time while hard spun fine yarns take longer than the times above given which
are for ordinary cotton yarns of about 40's count.
0
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated
to me by my foreign correspondent, declare that what I claim is:-
As a step in the manufacture or production of textile materials and fabrics,
their treatment in the foam of an appropriate liquid, substantially as herein before
described.
1300.
W. E. HEYS & SON,
Agents for the Applicant.