Type Writer.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd June, 1893
Complete Specification Left, 27th Mar., 1894-Accepted, 16th June, 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Type Writer.
I THOMAS SMITH PAYNTER of 79 St. Helens Gardens Kensington in the
County of Middlesex Wholesale Rubber Stamp Agent do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to that class of type writing machine in which the type
are carried or impressed on the periphery of a wheel or disc rotating on an axis and
brought into contact with the surface to be imprinted by a downward movement of
the said wheel or disc, and my object is to, particularly, provide a machine of simple
and economical construction capable of being used by comparatively inexperienced
persons whilst being at the same time a practical business machine, moreover, by
my invention I am enabled to employ any number of different wheels or discs
having varied diameters and thus bearing on their peripheries types of various
height or depth and likewise of various character in the same machine.
In carrying out my invention I provide a stand, plate or frame of preferably
rectangular form and in a convenient position and opposite to each other I erect or
fix standards, up or down which may slide the opposite ends of a bar or rod kept
normally at a determined heighth by spiral springs below said bar and embracing
the standards and by caps or screws above-the tops of standards being screwed or
otherwise prepared for the purpose.
The rod or bar is preferably square in section and in its upper face is cut a
groove or race having on one side vertical cuts or teeth so as to form a rack.
I provide a circular or wheel-like block having a squared orifice through its
centre and capable of travelling or sliding along the rod or bar and this I call the
"travelling axis."
This "travelling axis" has attached to it a cog wheel engaging in the vertical
teeth in the groove of the transverse bar or rod and controlled by a thumbscrew or
other device so as to control the travel, or "space" the work, this may be, say, on
the right hand and on, say, the left I provide a trigger or similarly effective device
to lock the type wheel hereafter described. Thus the "travelling axis"
may be
moved to any required position on the transverse bar or rod and when there may
be with the said bar or rod depressed by hand and returned to normal position by
the springs round standards.
I also provide a number of type wheels-which are discs of various circumference
carrying different sizes of type of varying character on their peripheries, but each
having a circular piece cut out of centre of the same diameter so as to revolve
freely on the "travelling axis." On a flange attached to the disc so as to
immediately surround the "travelling axis" is an index by which the operator may
bring the desired letter or character into position so as to be locked by the trigger
before the bar carrying the "travelling disc" and the type wheel mounted thereon
is depressed for the purpose of printing the letter or character desired.
Rollers or other suitable mechanism may be used to feed the paper or other
surface to be printed upon.
The type may be inked or charged as follows or any other method may be
adopted that may be suitable.

page_text: An ink pad concave in shape may be connected to lower part of axis so as to be
directly under the type wheel by spring arms on either side, the pad having an
adjustable aperture in the centre to allow of different forms of type to pass through
before coming in contact with surface to be printed upon.
Dated this 23rd day of June 1893.
POPPLEWELL & Co.,
Agents.
Type Writer.
I, THOMAS SMITH PAYNTER of 79 St. Helen's Gardens Kensington in the
County of Middlesex, Wholesale Rubber Stamp Agent do hereby declare the nature
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to that class of typewriting machine in which the type are
carried by or impressed upon the periphery of a wheel or disc or equivalent
therefor, rotating on an axis and brought into contact with the paper or surface to
be imprinted by a downward movement of the said wheel, disc or equivalent, my
object being particularly to provide a machine of simple construction capable of
being used by comparatively inexperienced persons, but being at the same time a
practical business machine; moreover I am enabled on this machine to employ
wheels or peripheries of different diameters at different times, carrying types of
various character, height, or depth.
I will now proceed to describe the construction of my machine and the method
of operating the same, and for the purpose of more clearly effecting this, I have
caused to be attached to this Specification, three sheets of drawings with letters of
reference, indicating the same portions of the machine on the various figures, and
to these I shall refer.
On Sheet 1. Figure 1 is an elevation of my typewriting machine, part of same
being in section.
On Sheet 2. Figure 2 is a plan of the machine.
On Sheet 3. Figure 3 is a transverse section on a line to the right of the
travelling type wheel (Fig. 1).
On Sheet 3. Figure 4 is a similar section on a line to the left of the type wheel
(Fig. 1).
On Sheet 3. Figure 5 shews on plan the type wheel and other details shewn in
horizontal section in Figure 2.
In these figures various portions are broken away, in order to shew parts which
would otherwise be hidden.
In carrying out my invention, I provide a stand or base A Figs. I and 3, of
preferably rectangular form, and in a convenient position and opposite to each other
I erect or fix a pair of hollow or duplex standards B. B. capable of receiving near
their upper ends and of allowing free play therein, the extremities of a bar or rod C,
called hereafter the carrier bar, kept normally at a determined height by
springs D. D. below said extremities of carrier bar, and embracing small connecting
rods E contained within the standards pivotted at their lower ends F to a hand-
depressed lever G and their upper ends passed through the carrier bar C and
retained in position by head F or in other suitable manner. The ends of the
carrier bar are preferably square in section but between the standards and
throughout the whole or nearly the whole of its length it is divided or cut away
both in a vertical and a horizontal direction so as to present the appearance of four
smaller bars separated by a cross shaped space shown more clearly by C, Fig. 4.

page_text: It will be understood that the carrier bar may be constructed of four separate bars
if desired.
On one side of the carrier bar C, namely at its rear, I fix a metallic rack H
(Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4 & 5) secured by brackets or staples I (Figs. 2 & 3) or in other
convenient manner. I also provide a circular or wheel-like block J, having a
squared orifice through its centre and capable of travelling along the carrier bar
and this I call the travelling axis. Surrounding the travelling axis J, and capable
of sliding and rotating thereon is a collar L, upon which is mounted and rigidly
held by screws M, a rim of hard steel or the like, of peculiar trough-shaped
section N, the whole forming the type-wheel. The rim N is perforated at
regular intervals along its outer periphery and the rubber or like type which
is cast or formed ou a ribbon or band equal in length to the circumference of
said rim N, is caused to project through said perforations as at O, and is held
therein by a ring of spring steel P, which may be made in one or more pieces,
and can be inserted or removed from the rim, as can also the rubber type band,
through the open or uncovered portion a of the rim N. The travelling axis
has a groove throughout its whole circumference, into which the ends of the
screws M may slide when the type wheel rotates, thus holding the latter
together with the collar L in position upon the travelling axis, said groove may
be lined with hardened steel or metal to reduce wear, the end of the screws
sliding therein are turned so as to present a smooth surface. Upon one side of
the collar L, say the right hand, is a bevel gear, W, and attached to the
travelling axis (on its right hand) is a bracket Q, carrying a vertical pin R
upon which is pivotted the forked end of a lever S the other end to about one
half of its length being considerably reduced in thickness so as to form an
axis T, upon which may rotate a handle U, bollow through a portion of its
length, and carrying a bevel wheel V to gear with the bevelled portion W, so
enabling the type wheel to be rotated by hand. Mounted rigidly upon the pin R
is a cogwheel X, engaging in the teeth of the rack H, and a ratchet wheel Y
actuated by a pawl Z, pivotted upon a bracket b on the lever S, said pawl being
extended to near the front of the handle U, so that by slight pressure thereon, it
may be disengaged from the ratchet wheel when required, but kept normally in
engagement by the action of a spring such as c. The handle U is held in position
by means of a screw or pin d, which engages in a circular groove e in the end T of
the lever S (see Fig. 2).
The other side of the collar L has a ratchet or race f formed thereon near its
periphery, in which engages a detent g on the end of a spring arm h screwed into
the side of the travelling axis so that the type-wheel (and collar) shall be prevented
from accidentally being moved out of position when being depressed (as hereinafter
described) and moreover the bevelled end of the detent 9 entering one of the teeth
of the race will assist the type in keeping in true aligument. In order to relieve
the spring of any undue pressure or twist in the direction of rotation, a pin or
projection i is secured near its free end which enters a corresponding recess in the
travelling axis simultaneously with the engagement of the detent g in the race f.
When it is desired to rotate the typewheel, the tooth or detent 9 is caused to
become disengaged automatically as follows: The travelling axis J is bored
transversely so as to receive a small rod j loosely fitting therein, one end of which
may come in contact with the spring (or the pin i) and the other end project a
short distance. The handle U and arm S are capable of oscillating to a limited
extent upon the pin R as pivot, and when the handle is moved into such position,
that the bevel wheel V gears with the bevelled portion W, the fork of the lever S
knocks against the projecting end of the rod ; which sliding along against the force
of the spring causes the detent g to leave the race f (and likewise the pin i) and
thus allows the type wheel to rotate freely.
The functions of the handle U are threefold. A rotatory motion imparts a
similar motion to the type-wheel when the bevel wheels V and W are in gear, and

page_text: a horizontal movement not only operates the tooth 9 as just described, but causes
the travelling axis to travel or slide along the carrier bar through one or more
than one letter space for each double oscillation in the following manner. The
lever S in moving from its extreme position on the left (when the bevel wheels are
in gear) to a position on the right, causes the pawl Z, carried thereon to rotate thei
ratchet wheel Y through the space of one ratchet tooth. The ratchet wheel Y
and cog-wheel ✗ being rigidly connected, the motion of the former causes the
latter to ride along the rack H together with the travelling axis and type wheel.
On the return motion of the handle, the spring pawl Z will engage with another
ratchet tooth and be ready for another operation, the whole typewheel and axis,
which together I may call the carriage, being prevented from returning by a spring
pawl (Fig. 2) attached in any convenient manner to the travelling axis and
extended as at 1 so that on completing a line of typing on the paper, or when
desired to go back for correcting or repeating, the spring arm 1 may be held
back with one hand and the pawl Z and bevel wheel V be held from engagement
with the other hand and thus the carriage may be moved back to a position on the
left without any rotation of the typewheel. Said pawl k when in gear controls the
spacing between letters, words, etc.
Upon the periphery of the collar L and near to the race f, I mark a series of
letters, figures or the like corresponding to those on the typewheel so as to afford
an index, together with the detent by which it may be known which letter,
figure, or the like is at the bottom of the typewheel and about to be imprinted.
I attach to the lower portion of the travelling axis a spring loop m, having a slot n
therein (Fig. 1) for the particular type to pass through and to prevent accidentally
impressing an adjacent type on to the paper.
A stop such as o (Fig. 1) regulates the travel of the carriage which can be
adapted to various widths of paper by inserting the stop o in any one of the
holes ppp in the carrier bar C (Fig. 2) which may be marked with a scale such
as shown in Figure 1.
The means for depressing the type wheel upon the paper is as follows. A bar G
is carried along the whole front of the machine and bent at its ends at right angles,
being pivotted to a suitable point on the standards, and at a point F (Fig. 3) is
slotted to receive a pin attached to the end of connecting rod E. The lever is
adjustable as to depth of throw by a stop K, and returns to its normal position by
the action of springs D.
I may use in the same machine type rims of various sizes (for larger or smaller
type) which can be easily attached to the collar J by the screws M. For this
purpose the inking roller a (Figs. 3 and 4) is made adjustable by means of a slot
(Fig. 4) in its arm sliding upon small pins p in the travelling axis and held by a
binding screw or the like. Moreover the upper end E¹ of connecting rod E is
made capable of adjustment by being screwed into the lower portion (as shown
more clearly in Fig. 1) so as to regulate the distance between the bottom of type-
wheel and platen cylinder w. The paper about to be printed upon is fed under the
roller t, passing from thence under a second roller s, each roller being controlled
by a spring u bearing upon roller arms v, and then passes under the guides w¹ and
cylinder w, and out again at the rear of the machine. 1 may attach a bar v¹ to
the arm for the purpose of raising the rollers to facilitate passing the paper
underneath same and around the platen cylinder w. The latter may be provided
with the usual handle or handles B' (Fig. 1) the line spacing being regulated by
means of a corrugated or toothed disc A' and spring tooth A².
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my inven
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The type writing machine constructed and arranged substantially as herein-
before described and as illustrated by the accompanying drawings.

page_text: 2. In typewriting machines of the class hereinbefore described the use of an
axis such as J, travelling upon an adjustable carrier bar, upon which may be
mounted interchangeable type wheels of varied circumference carrying type of
different character substantially as described with reference to drawings.
Dated this 27th day of March 1894.
POPPLEWELL & Co.,
32, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.