CER- TAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN PLOUGHS
Year: 1842

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH.
WARREN, of Heybridge, in the County of Essex, Agricultural Implement
Maker, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Ninth day of May, in the fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself,
Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said Joseph Warren,
my exors, admors, and assigns, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege
and authority, that I, the said Joseph Warren, my exors, admors, and assigns,
and such others as I, the said Joseph Warren, my exors, admors, or assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within that part of Her said Majesty's
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called England, Her Dominion
of Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "CER-
TAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN PLOUGHS;" in which said Letters Patent there is con-
tained a proviso that I, the said Joseph Warren, shall cause a particular
description of the nature of my said Invention, and the manner in which the
same is to be performed, under my hand and seal, to be inrolled in Her
Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in
and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Joseph Warren, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully set forth and
ascertained in and by the following Specification thereof, reference being had to
the Drawings hereunto annexed, numbered 1 to 16 inclusive, that is to say:
The first of my said improvements consists in regulating the depth to
which the share of the plough is inserted in the ground, and also varying the
height and inclination of the beam by the means represented in Figures 1, 4,
and 5, of the said Drawings hereunto annexed. Figure 1 is an elevation of the
plough, and Figure 2 is an elevation of part of the same with the mould
board removed. A is the iron frame of the plough; B, the beam; C, the
mould board; D, the sole; and E, the ploughshare. The ploughshare E
is of the form separately represented in Figure 3, and is secured by a screw
bolt and nuts to the spit and pad. F is a wedge of the bevelled form
separately represented in Figures 4 and 4b, which is passed under the plough-
share from behind, and in proportion as it raises it at the back depresses it in
front. G is a screw supported in bearings a, a, projecting from the fore part
or sheaf of the frame A, the point of which screw is fixed in the butt end
of the wedge F, so that as it is turned inwards or outwards the wedge is
made to advance or recede, and the ploughshare is depressed or raised. I is
a bell crank secured at the knuckle to the front part K of the frame, and by
the end of one wing J to the mould board, while the end of the other wing
rests on the shoulder h of the screw G, which shoulder is made of a conical
form, in order that as the screw is pushed forwards the wing of the crank,
which rests on that shoulder, may be raised in the same proportion, and the
mould board be thereby depressed (by the other wing of the crank) in the
like degree as the ploughshare is depressed. The height and elevation of the
beam are altered to suit the line of draught required by the mode of con-
necting the beam with the frame, shewn in Figure 1, and of which a detached
view is given in Figures 4 and 5. M is the end of the beam which fits into
a recess in the end of the top part of the frame. d, d, are two bolts which
are passed through the head of the front sheaf through the top part of the
frame and through the slots e, e, in the end of the beam, and secured on the
outside by nuts. The slots e, e, are made in length of about twice the width
of the bolts, so as to allow of the bolts being raised or lowered therein
according to the degree of elevation desired to be given to the beam. N is
a regulating screw which passes through the beam, and is turned up at its
lower end towards the fore sheaf, to which it is firmly bolted, by turning
which screw the beam and connecting bolts d, d, can be kept in any position

page_text: which the range of the slots will admit of being given to them. In Figure 1
the plough is represented with one coulter, but it is sometimes of advantage
to make use of more than one, and in such cases two or three may be used
connected with the first in the manner separately represented in Figures 6¹, 6*,
and 6.
The second of my said improvements consists in regulating the height and
inclination of the beam and depth of the ploughshare, by the means shewn in
Figures 7 and 8. In this case the beam is connected with the top part of
the frame, and the top part of the frame is connected at its inner or after end
with the handle, both by means exactly similar to those last described, that
is to say, by a bolt or bolts passing through a slot, which is in its length about
twice the width of the bolts, whereby the beam can be raised or lowered to
any degree within the range of the slots. A screw regulator N is also
employed in this case to keep the beam at any particular height and inclina-
tion which may be given to it. The fore part or sheaf of the frame is
connected by a cross bar with the mould board, and presses at bottom
on the ploughshare, so that the same movement which raises the beam
in front serves to depress in a proportional degree the mould boards and
ploughshare.
R is
The third of my said improvements consists in a mode of raising at pleasure
the frame of the plough at the back part so as to depress the ploughshare in
front, as represented in Figure 9 of the Drawings hereunto annexed.
an upright rod which connects the sole at the after part with the top and
bottom parts of the frame, in the manner shewn in the Figure, which rod is
screwed at that part where it passes through the bottom part of the frame, so
that by turning it round (by a spanner or any other convenient means) the
back part of the frame is detached from and raised above the sole, and the
ploughshare in front is proportionally depressed.
The fourth of my said improvements consists in giving the ploughshare,
when intended to be used in the tilling of strong land, the elongated and
pointed form represented in Figure 10.
The fifth of my said improvements consists in a double-breasted plough, of
the construction represented in Figures 11, 12, and 13. Figure 11 is an
elevation of this plough; Figure 12 an end view; and Figure 18 a bird's-eye
view. The novelty in this plough is confined to the shape of the mould
boards. In the ordinary double-breasted plough the mould boards are made
to bulge more or less outwards, which prevents the earth from being turned
over on each side so evenly and uniformly as is desirable, but in the present
plough the mould boards are so curved, as seen in the end view, Figure 12,)

page_text: that they present an outline continually receding or diverging outwards from
the base to the upper extremity.
The sixth and last of my said improvements consists in a wheel plough for
making drains, represented in the elevation and plan, Figures 14 and 15.
A is the beam of the plough; B, B, B, the frame; C, C, two couples which
are fixed at top to the beam and at bottom to the sole (D) of the plough;
E is the ploughshare, which fits into a socket in the end of the sole, and is
secured there by a bolt and nut; F is the breast of the plough, and G the
mould board; H, H, are two racks and pinions, one attached to the frame
and the other to the beam, by acting simultaneously on which by means of
the hand rods I, I, the sole and ploughshare may be depressed to any extent
desired, or by acting on one only of them the sole and ploughshare may be
raised more at one end than the other. The yoke end of all the ploughs
herein-before described I make either in the common form or in the form
represented in Figure 16, Sheet 1, with two spare eyebolts, one on each side
of the beam, to either of which the yoke B may be transposed at pleasure,
but this I make no claim.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner
in which the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim is,―
First, the raising and lowering the beams of ploughs by the combination
of parts represented in Figures 1, 4, and 5, of the Drawings hereunto
annexed, that is to say, by means of shifting bolts and a regulating screw, as
aforesaid.
Second, the regulating the depths of the shares and mould boards of ploughs
by the combination of parts represented in Figures 2, 3, 4, 4b, that is to say,
by the combination of a wedge, screw, and crank, as aforesaid, or by the
combination of the wedge with any other means of equivalent effect to the
said screw and crank.
Third, the depressing of the shares of ploughs by the movement represented
in Figure 9 of the Drawings hereunto annexed and before described.
Fourth, the modes represented in Figures 7 and 8, of regulating the height
and inclination of the beams and depth of the shares and mould boards of
ploughs, by securing the beam to the top part of the frame and connecting the
top part of the frame to the handle by means, in both cases, of shifting bolts
and a regulating screw.
Fifth, the particular form of ploughshare adapted to stoney soils, repre-
sented in Figure 10.
Sixth, the making of double-breasted ploughs with mould boards of the
continually diverging form or outline, represented in Figures 11, 12, & 13.

page_text: And seventh, the wheel plough for cutting drains, represented in
Figure 14 & 15, in the general combination of parts of which the same
consists.
I declare that I claim none of the parts of which the ploughs or parts of
ploughs, represented in the Drawings hereunto annexed consist, as in and by
itself new, and that I claim them only in so far as they are newly combined
for one or other of the useful purposes aforesaid.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Warren, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Ninth day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and forty-two.