Pigments and in Apparatus therefor.
Year: 1888

page_text: Pigments and in Apparatus therefor.
I VICTOR JOSEPH KUESS of Paris in the Republic of France do hereby declare the
nature of this Invention to be as follows:—
This Invention relates, firstly to a preparation or compound employed in the
manufacture of the colours, secondly, to a bath by means of which the said colours
are vitrified by simply placing the painted articles in the bath which acts as a
substitute for the fire of the furnace or muffle and thirdly, to a special apparatus
employed in the manufacture of the said compound and of the said bath.
The preparation or compound used in the manufacture of the colours is composed
of two solutions A and B.
The A solution is prepared as follows. About one hundred parts of white syrupy
silicate of potassa are placed in an apparatus hereinafter described provided with a
vessel the lower part of which communicates with a blower or bellows drawing heated
air from a cone surrounding a jet or flame of common lighting gas. The bellows are
then set in motion and when the silicate commences to grow slightly thick or turbid
about ten parts of a solution of acetate of lead are added. Caro is to be taken to add
the acetate gradually and to keep the bellows in action until the whole of the materials
in the vessel are thoroughly mixed. The compound or preparation is then placed in
a well stoppered bottle.
The solution of acetate of lead is formed by placing about one hundred parts of
water in the vessel of the apparatus hereinafter described and working the bellows
until the temperature of the water has been raised to form about twenty five to thirty
degrees centigrade. About fifteen parts of well pulverised acetate of lead are then
added and the whole is left in the apparatus for about three hours. This solution must
be kept in a well stoppered bottle.
To prepare the B solution about one hundred parts of water are placed in the
specially constructed apparatus herein before referred to with about fifty parts of

page_text: pulverised borax.
When the mass commences to become slightly heated about
twenty parts of white glycerine of commerce are added and the whole allowed to
stand for about three hours before placing it in a well stoppered bottle.
To form the compound or preparation with which the colours are ground take about
sixty parts of the A solution to about forty parts of the B solution.
This compound or preparation is mixed with any ordinary vitrifiable colours or
pigments in powder the whole being ground together in the ordinary manner and put
up in tubes for example-The colours may be used or applied in the same way as
ordinary colours but it is preferable to mix or moisten them with a mixture composed
half of water and half of the B solution. The china, porcelain, glass or other
articles painted or decorated with these colours need not be burnt or exposed to the
temperature of a furnace in order to vitrify the colours this result being attained by
means of a vitrifying bath prepared and applied as follows.
A mixture of about twelve parts water to one of borax is placed in the vessel of
the apparatus herein before referred to for about six hours after which it is placed in
another vessel lined with gutta percha india rubber or marine glue. About fifty parts
of hydrochloric acid, ten parts of sulphuric acid and three parts of hydrofluoric acid
are then added to the mixture. In order to vitrify the colours on an article decorated
with the improved colours the article is immersed in this bath for say about ten
minutes being washed in water immediately after.
The apparatus herein before referred to comprises a bellows or blower fixed on a
suitable stand or support and capable of being operated by an excentric or crank in
case a bellows is employed for example the said crank or excentric being connected to
the bellows by a cord acting in combination with a counterweight. The nozzle of the
bellows is connected by a rubber tube with a glass tube descending in the interior of
the vessel containing the compounds to be treated. Underneath the bellows is a sheet
iron cone at the centre of which burns a jet of lighting gas. The bellows draws
in hot air from the cone above this gas jet and drives it into the vessel which is
provided with a suitable cock or valve for drawing off the liquid when the operation
is completed.
By means of this invention a very considerable saving is effected in the preparation
and in the application of vitrifiable colours the loss or waste and the expense of the
fuel employed, in the usual vitrifying process being entirely obviated.
Thaind : 1 ... 1400
J. H. JOHNSON & Co.,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C.,
Agents.

page_text: Improvements in Manufacturing and Treating Vitrifilable Colours or
Pigments and in Apparatus therefor.
I VICTOR JOSEPH KUESS of 25 Quater Rue Dayong
Trance
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the foll...
statement:-
This Invention relates firstly to a preparation or compound employed in the
manufacture of the colours, secondly to a bath by means of which the said colours are
vitrified by treating the painted articles in the bath as hereinafter described the said
treatment acting as a substitute for the elevated temperature of the furnace or muffle
heretofore employed and thirdly, to the apparatus employed in the manufacture of the
said compound and of the said bath.
The preparation or compound used in the manufacture of the colours is composed
of two solutions hereinafter referred to as the A solution and the B solution.
The A solution is prepared as follows:
About one hundred parts of white syrupy silicate of potassa are placed in an
apparatus hereinafter described provided with a vessel the lower part of which
coinmunicates with a blower or bellows drawing heated air from a cone surrounding
a jet or flame of common lighting gas. The bellows are then set in motion and when
the silicate commences to grow slightly thick or turbid about ten parts of a solution
of acetate of lead are added. Care is to be taken to add the acetate gradually and to
keep the bellows in action until the whole of the materials in the vessel are thoroughly
mixed. The compound or preparation is then placed in a well stoppered bottle.
The aforesaid solution of acetate of lead is formed by placing about one hundred
parts of water in the vessel of the apparatus hereinafter described and working
the bellows until the temperature of the water has been raised to from about twenty
five to thirty degrees centigrade. About 15 parts of well pulverised acotate of lead
are then added and the whole is left in the apparatus for about three hours. This
solution must be kept in a well stoppered bottle.
To prepare the B solution about one hundred parts of water are placed in the
specially constructed apparatus hereinbefore referred to with about fifty parts of
pulverised borax. When the mass commences to become slightly heated about twenty
parts of white glycerine of commerce are added and the whole allowed to stand for
about three hours before placing it in a well stoppered bottle.
To form the compound or preparation with which the colours are ground take about
six parts of the A solution to about four parts of the B solution.
This compound or preparation is mixed with any ordinary vitrifiable colours or
pigments in powder the whole being ground together in the ordinary manner and put
up in tubes for example. The colours may be used or applied in the same way as
ordinary colours but it is preferable to mix or moisten them with a mixture composed

page_text: of water and the B solution mixed in equal quantities. The china, porcelain, glass or
other articles painted or decorated with these colours need not be burnt or exposed
to the temperature of a furnace in order to vitrify the colours this result being
attained by means of a vitrifying bath prepared and applied as follows.
A mixture of about twelve parts water to one of borax is treated in the vessel of
the apparatus hereinbefore referred to for about six hours after which it is placed in
another vessel lined with gutta percha india rubber or marine glue for example.
About fifty parts of hydrochloric acid, ten parts of sulphuric acid and three parts of
hydrofluoric acid are then added to the mixture. In order to vitrify the colours on
an article decorated with the improved colours the article is immersed in this bath for
say about ten minutes being washed in water immediately after.
The accompanying drawing illustrates the apparatus hereinbefore referred to which
is constructed with a bellows or blower S fixed on a suitable stand or support C
with a metal top. This hellows is operated by a crank or eccentric E (in case a
bellows is employed for example for forcing air) the said crank or eccentric being
connected to the hellows by a cord or cords c c acting in combination with a
-counterweight P the said cord working over pulleys p and pl. The nozzle T of the
bellows Sis connected by a rubber tube T' with a glass tube Tu descending in the
interior of the vessel V containing the compounds to be treated.
Underneath the bellows is a sheet iron cone A at the centre of which burns a jet
of lighting gas issuing from a burner B. The bellows S draws in hot air and
heated products from the cone A above this gas jet and drives it into the vessel V
which is provided with a suitable cock or valve R for drawing off the liquid when the
operation is completed.
It is essential to employ a flame produced by the combustion of ordinary lighting
gas in the cone A in order to obtain satisfactory results.
By means of this invention a very considerable saving is effected in the
preparation and in the application of vitrifiable colours the loss or waste and the
expense of the fuel employed in the usual vitrifying process being entirely obviated.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is
1. The vitrifiable colours formed by the mixture or combination of ingredients
substantially as hereinbefore described."
2 The vitrifying bath composed and prepared substantially as hereinbefore
described.
3. An apparatus for treating the materials and colours constructed and operating
substantially as hereinbefore described.
Dated this 14th day of July 1888.
J. H. JOHNSON & Co.,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C.,
Agents.