IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLING MILLS AND ROLLS THEREFOR
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Arthur William Lovell, Reddie of the Office for Patents
66 Chancery Lane in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent for an Inven-
tion of IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLING MILLS AND ROLLS THEREFOR communicated
to him from abroad by Messieurs Wilmot Hobbs & Co of Bridgeport in the
State of Connecticut, United States of America
་
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Arthur William Lovell
Reddie at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th July
1883.
ARTHUR WILLIAM LOVELL REDDIE of the Office for Patents 66 Chancery Lane
in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLING MILLS
AND ROLLS THEREFOR [communicated to him from abroad by Messieurs Wilmot
Hobbs & Co of Bridgeport in the State of Connecticut, United States of
America]
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The invention relates in part to rolling mills for what may be termed "
rolling" which is performed by means of two working rollers one of which (the-
peen roller) is of small diameter and destitute of journals. or necks fitting in
bearings, but is supported upon and between two supporting and driving rollers;
but the invention, or part thereof, is applicable generally to other rolling mills.
The operation of "peen rolling" is particularly advantageous for reducing cold
iron and steel rapidly into pieces of great length and very thin with few
annealings, whereby is secured the greatest perfection of metal with the least waste
for trimming scaling and pickling.
Important objects of this invention are to provide a very convenient and
accurate means for adjusting the bearings of the upper working roller in a rolling
mill correspondingly upwards and downwards, and for "rocking" said roller or
simultaneously increasing the pressure on one bearing and easing or relieving the
other bearing of pressure when the metal is slightly thicker on one edge than the
;

page_text: other, or has a tendency to run crooked. Also to prevent the metal which is often
thinner than paper from rumpling as it is fed between the rollers and to take out
any wrinkles and smooth the inetal, and to guide and confine it as close as possible
to the point of contact between the working rollers.
Also to provide in a rolling mill for "peen rolling" a stripper which will prevent
the metal as it leaves the line of pressure between the working rollers, from
dropping down and passing between the lower working roller or "pcen roller" and
its rear supporting roller, and which if the metal becomes caught under it and
causes a jam, will be detached from the machine and thrown out by the strain
and push of the metal upon it.
Also to provide rolling mill rollers with hardened steel faces which are detachably
secured upon their shafts and which may be removed when worn out, thus making
'the rollers far superior to chilled iron rollers; or solid cast steel rollers, and enabling
them to be produced at a far less cost than solid cast steel rollers.
To these ends the invention consists in the combination with the upper working
roller of a rolling mill and its bearings, of adjusting screws for the bearing shoes
or blocks on which the screws act, and which have inclined lower faces, a longi-
tudinally movable wedge bar introduced between the bearings and the shoes or
blocks, and by the movement of which the pressure on both bearings may be
uniformly increased or diminished, and mechanism independent of the wedge bar
for simultaneously increasing the pressure on one bearing and decreasing or
relieving the pressure on the other bearing.
The invention also consists in the combination with the above described roller,
bearings, adjusting screws, and shoes or blocks, of a wedge bar which is channelled
on its upper surface so as to receive the shoes or blocks and retain them laterally
in place, and a screw for effecting the longitudinal movement of said wedge bar.
The invention also consists in the combination with the upper working roller,
its bearings and its adjusting screws, of a shaft mounted in fixed bearings and
mechanism for imparting motion from the said shaft equally and simultaneously
to both the screws for increasing the pressure on one roller bearing and diminishing
the pressure on the other bearing, or rocking the roller.
The invention also consists in the employment for rocking the aforesaid roller of
adjusting screws having corresponding threads either right or left hand, and
having worm wheels secured upon their upper ends, and a worm or endless screw
mounted in fixed bearings between and engaging with said wheels and thereby
serving to turn the screws in reverse directions.
The invention also consists in providing the aforesaid worm or endless screw
with a fixed collar, and mounting it in bearings which enable it to be shifted
longitudinally to free it from, or engage it with, the worm wheel; a removable
collar or piece being employed to fit between the collar and one of its bearings
when it is desired to hold the worm or screw against longitudinal movement and
to operate the worm wheels and screws.
The invention also consists in a novel 'feeder for a rolling mill, composed of a
tapering throat and a wedge fitting therein, and provided with a stop to arrest its
movement into the throat when it has so far closed the latter that the metal can
pass only in a flat and smooth condition.
The invention also consists in the combination with the lower working roller, of
a stripper having a knife-edge adapted to rest thereon, and having its ends con-
nected by soft metal pins with its supports so that in the event of the rolled metal
striking the edge of the stripper; the strain upon the latter will cut off the pins
and free the stripper. The supports of the stripper are provided with bushes
which receive the soft metal pins and serve to cut-them off when strain comes
upon the stripper.
The invention also consists in a rolling mill roller composed of a hard cast steel
face or sleeve, internally threaded and tapered and screwed upon a shaft corre-
spondingly threaded and tapered and adapted to receive a driving gear or driver; a

page_text: brass or other soft metal lining being. preferably interposed between the face or
sleeve and the shaft to correct irregularities or inequalities in the bore of the face
or sleeve, which will be produced in hardening the face or sleeve.
3
In lieu of being screwed upon the shaft the roller face or sleeve' may be secured
thereon between a fixed collar and a collar screwed on the shaft, and the fixed
collar and face may be connected by pins or spurs which are fast in one of said
parts and enter holes in the other part. Both collars may be undercut or bevelled
inwards, and the roller face or sleeve correspondingly bevelled, thus enabling the
collars to liold and retain the pieces on the shaft in case of the cracking or breaking:
of the face or sleeve.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Arthur William Lovell Reddie in the Patent Office on the
15th January 1884.
39'
ARTHUR WILLIAM LOVELL REDDIE of the Office for Patents 66 Chancery Lane
in the County of Middlesex Patent Agent "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLER [ROLLING]
MILLS AND ROLLS THEREFOR a Communication to me from Abroad by
Mess Wilmot Hobbs & Co of Bridgeport in the State of Connecticut United
States of America
'
'
peen
This Invention relates in part to rolling mills for what may be termed "
rolling" which is performed by means of two working rollers one of which (the
peen roller) is of small diameter and destitute of journals or necks fitting in
bearings, but is supported upon and between two supporting and driving rollers;
but the Invention or part thereof is applicable generally to other rolling mills.
The operation of "peen rolling" is particularly advantageous for reducing cold
iron and steel rapidly into pieces of great length and very thin, with few annealings,
whereby is secured the greatest perfection of metal with the least waste for
trimming scaling and pickling.
.
Important objects of this Invention are to provide a very convenient and
accurate means for adjusting the bearings of the upper working roller in a rolling
mill correspondingly upwards and downwards and for "rocking" said roller or
simultaneously increasing the pressure on one bearing and easing or relieving the
other bearing of pressure when the metal is slightly thicker on one edge than the
other or has a tendency to run crooked.--Also to prevent the metal which is often
thinner than paper from rumpling as it is fed between the rollers and to take out
any wrinkles and smooth the metal and to guide and confine it as close as possible
to the point of contact between the working rollers.-Also to provide in a rolling
mill for "peen rolling" a stripper which will prevent the metal as it leaves the line
of pressure between the working rollers from dropping down and passing between
the lower working roller or "peen roller" and its rear supporting roller and which
if the metal becomes caught under it and causes a jam, will be detached from the
machine and thrown out by the strain and push of the metal upon it.-Also to provide
rolling mill rollers with hardened steel faces which are detachably secured upon
their shafts and which may be renewed when worn out, thus making the rollers
far superior to chilled iron rollers or solid cast steel rollers and enabling them to be
produced at a far less cost than solid cast steel rollers.
To these ends the Invention consists in the combination with the upper working
roller of a rolling mill and its bearings, of adjusting screws for the bearings, shoes
or .blocks on which the screws act and which have inclined lower faces, a
longitudinally movable wedge bar introduced between the bearings and the shoes
or blocks and by the movement of which the pressure on both bearings may be
uniformly increased or diminished and mechanism independent of the wedge bar
for simultaneously increasing the pressure on one bearing and decreasing or
relieving the pressure on the other bearing.
The Invention also consists in the combination with the above described roller,
bearings, adjusting screws and shoes or blocks, of a wedge bar which is channelled
on its upper surface so as to receive the shoes or blocks and retain them laterally
in place and a screw for effecting the longitudinal movements of said wedge bar.
The Invention also consists in the combination with the upper working roller,
its bearings and its adjusting screws, of a shaft mounted in fixed bearings and
mechanism for imparting motion from the said shaft equally and simultaneously to
both the screws for increasing the pressure on one roller bearing and diminishing
the pressure on the other bearing or rocking the roller.
The Invention also consists in the employment for rocking the aforesaid roller of
adjusting screws having corresponding threads either right or left hand and having
worm wheels secured upon their upper ends and a worm or endless screw mounted

page_text: in fixed bearings between and engaging with said wheels and thereby serving to
turn the screws in reverse directions.
The Invention also consists in providing the aforesaid worm or endless screw
with a fixed collar and mounting it in bearings which enable it to be shifted
longitudinally to free it from or engage it with the worm wheel; a removable
collar or piece being employed to fit between the collar and one of its bearings
when it is desired to hold the worm or screw against longitudinal movement and
to operate the worm wheels and screws.
The Invention also consists in a novel feeder for a rolling mill composed of a
tapering throat and a wedge fitting therein and provided with a stop to arrest its
movement into the throat when it has so far closed the latter that the metal can
pass only in a flat and smooth condition.
The Invention also consists in the combination with the lower working roller of
a stripper having a knife edge adapted to rest thereon and having its ends connected
by soft metal pins with its supports so that in the event of the rolled metal striking
the edge of the stripper the strain upon the latter will cut off the pins and free
the stripper. The supports of the stripper are, provided with bushes which
receive the soft metal pins and serve to cut them off when strain comes upon the
stripper.
The Invention also consists in a rolling mill roller composed of a hard cast steel
face or sleeve internally threaded and tapered and screwed upon a shaft corre-
spondingly threaded and tapered and adapted to receive a driving gear or driver, a
brass or other soft metal lining being preferably interposed between the face or
sleeve and the shaft to correct irregularities or inequalities in the bore of the face
or sleeve which will be produced in hardening the face or sleeve.
In lieu of being screwed upon the shaft the roller face or sleeve may be secured
thereon between a fixed collar and a collar screwed on the shaft, and the fixed
collar and face may be connected by pins or spurs which are fast in one of said
parts and enter holes in the other part.-Both collars may be undercut or bevelled
inwards and the roller face or sleeve correspondingly bevelled thus enabling the
collars to hold and retain the pieces on the shaft in case of the cracking or breaking
of the face or sleeve.
{
In the accompanying Drawing Fig: 1 is a vertical section of a mill embodying
the Invention in a plane transverse to the axes of the rollers; Fig: 2 is a similar
section parallel with the axes of the rollers.-Fig: 3 is a plan of the mill; Fig: 4
is a plan of the stripper detached from the mill; Fig: 5 is a transverse section
of the rollers on a larger scale illustrating more clearly their operation. Fig: 6 is
a view similar to Fig: 5 but including the feeder and stripper; Fig: .7 is a detail
view of a portion of the stripper and its support; Fig: 8 is a partly sectional side
view of a roller having its face screwed upon its shaft, Fig: 9 is a sectional view of
a roller having its face secured between collars, and Fig: 10 is a transverse section
of the roller shown in Fig: 9.
Similar letters of reference designate corresponding parts in all the figures.
A designates the upper working roller, B designates the lower working roller or
peen" roller which is very much smaller in diameter, and C designates the
supporting rollers between and on which the "peen" roller rests.
The rollers ACC are provided with driving pinions & which gear with and are
operated by an internal gear D on a shaft D' to which rotary motion is imparted
through a wheel D² or otherwise. The necks of the roller A fit in bearings b
adjustable in housings E, and the supporting rollers C rotate in fixed bearings.
E designates the bed of the machine.
The "peen" roller has no journals or bearings but is supported solely by and is
free to roll upon the rollers C C.
F designates a bar resting on the bearings b and adapted to be moved lengthwise
by a screw c and handle c¹..
The bar F is channelled on the upper surface to receive blocks or shoes & and
retain them laterally.
.199

page_text: These blocks or shoes have inclined bottoms and rest on inclined portions or
wedge like bearings e.--By moving the wedge bar F the pressure on the bearings b
may be equally increased or diminished.
G designates the usual adjusting screws which have corresponding threads both
being right hand and the ends of which rest on the blocks or shoes d.-At the
upper ends of the screws are worm wheels G¹.
H designates a worm or screw supported in fixed bearings ff1'between the
wheels G¹ and engaging with both of them.-It may be turned by a handle H¹ and
upon it is a fixed collar g.-Between the bearing f and collar g is a slotted block'
or abutment which prevents lengthwise movement of the serew, H.-When the
block or abutment is removed the screw or worm can be moved lengthwise
sufficiently to free it from the wheels G¹.
To set the upper roller A the screw H is moved back so as to free it from the
wheels G¹ and the screws G are turned down by hand until the shoes or blocks d'
come to a proper bearing. after which the screw is turned to draw it in between the
wheels G G¹ and the block or abutment is placed thereon.-The hand crank c¹ is
then turned to move the wedge bar F and put the desired pressure on the
bearings b. By employing an index in connection with the screw.c the bearings
may be adjusted definite distances. For example one half a turn of the screw c
might make a difference of one-thousandth of an inch in the thickness of the metal
rolled.
The feeder is shown in Figures 1, 3, and 6.
I designates the throat of the feeder which is composed of a top i, bottom j, and
sides all of which may be made integral.-The top and bottom j converge
towards the rollers and the throat may fit in grooves in the housings E.
In the throat I is a wedge I¹ which fits snugly between the sides k and has a
shoulder m which strikes against the top i and forms a stop to limit the movement
of the wedge into the throat.-The wedge and throat are so proportioned that
when the shoulder m arrests the inward movement of the wedge there will be just
space enough below the wedge and between it and the bottom of the throat to
allow the strip n to be rolled to pass in a smooth condition. The strip n is fed in
under the wedge I¹ and the latter being carried inwards by the moving strip
smoothes the latter and takes out any wrinkles or irregularities in the strip before
it enters between the rollers A B.
The feeder prevents lateral movement of the strip n and supports it close to the
working rollers A B.
The stripper J is shewn in Figures.1, 4, 6 and 7.-It consists of a piece or bar
of steel of the transverse section shown in Fig: 6 having a sharp or knife edge
resting on the roller B as near as possible to its centre and also resting on the rear
supporting roller C.-The stripper J is supported at its ends by levers J₁ separately
fulcrumed at o to the housings E and connected at their outer or lower ends by a
rod J. To the rod J2 is appliéd a hook bolt p which passes through a slotted
bar p¹ to which it is secured by nuts p²-By adjusting the nuts p² the-stripper J
may be made to bear with more or less force on the rollers B C, and by adjusting
the hook bolt p lengthwise of the bar p¹ and rod J₁ the stripper may be brought
to a bearing throughout its length if there are any inaccuracies in its construction.
The roller A and the rear roller C are represented as rebated at their ends q to
receive the levers 'J¹.
In the ends of the levers.J' are steel bushings to which are fitted pins s of
soft metal such as iron which enter the ends of the stripper.-In case of the metal
striking the edge of the stripper instead of passing over it the metal will rumple
up and the strain on the stripper will shear or cut off the pins s and the stripper
will be thrown out. Thus the waste of metal and the straining of the parts which
would result from the metal passing under the stripper and down between the
rollers B and C are prevented.
Figure 5 best illustrates the action of the peen roller B on the piece of metal n.
The metal is crowded back and reduced on the under side by the action of the

page_text: peen roller in a manner similar to the action of a peen hammer upon metal which
ris well understood.
:
Although rollers of any suitable character may be used in this mill. those
represented in Figures 8, 9 and 10 are very advantageous.
The reducing of cold iron and steel is very destructive to rollers and their wear
is very rapid.
When chilled iron rollers are used they often fail by reason of their necks
coming off, bodies breaking in two, and faces flaking out, and are then of no
further use. Solid steel rollers would be infinitely better, but the difficulty of
producing them in a perfect state is so great, especially if of large size, that their
cost precludes their use. Solid cast steel rollers are very apt to crack or break by
reason of unequal contraction in cooling.
The rollers shown in Figures 8. 9 and 10 are severally composed of two principal
parts, a shaft A and a roller face or sleeve A¹ secured to the shaft. The shaft is
preferably made of hammered steel and the roller face or sleeve is made of hard or
hardened cast steel. The shaft is formed with the usual necks a¹ and a projection
to which the driving pinion a, is secured.
The roller shown in Fig: has the body of its shaft A slightly tapered and
screw threaded and the face or sleeve A¹ is bored out to a corresponding taper but
slightly larger than the shaft and is then preferably hardened. After the hardening
it will be found that the interior of the face or sleeve is not perfectly round and
true and a metal lining t, of brass or other alloy is cast or otherwise secured in the
face or sleeve and is then reamed out taper and threaded to fit the shaft. The
face or sleeve is then screwed tightly on the shaft.-In use the roller is always
rotated in a direction to screw the face or sleeve upon the shaft and hence it can
never become loose in use.
The
When the face or sleeve is worn out it may be taken off by heating the roller
and a new face or sleeve may be substituted, thus making a roller as good as new
The roller shown in Figures 9 and 10 is very similar to the one above described
save that instead of the face or sleeve being screwed on the shaft, it is driven or
pressed thereon and is held between two collars u. v. the former of which is formed
integral with or fixed on the shaft, while the latter is screwed thereon.
body of the shaft A and the face or sleeve A¹ are slightly taper, the former
externally and the latter internally and the face or sleeve has a lining t like that
before described. The face or sleeve is heated, but not enough to draw its temper
and is then driven or pressed home against the fixed collar u. and secured by the
screw collar v. The face or sleeve may be additionally held by pins or studs u¹
on the face of the collar u. entering holes or recesses in its end, or the pins may
be secured in the face and enter holes in the collar. As here shewn the faces of
both collars are undercut or bevelled inwards and the ends of the roller are
correspondingly bevelled, thus enabling the collars to hold the sleeve in case of
its cracking or breaking, and preventing the pieces from becoming detached from
the shaft.
These rollers are equally as good and durable as solid cast steel rollers and may
be produced at a fraction of the cost of such solid rollers. When their faces or
sleeves are worn out they may be renewed at a trifling expense.
Having thus described the said Invention as communicated to me by my
Foreign correspondents what is claimed and desired to be secured by Letters
Patent is.-
First The combination with the upper working roller and its bearings, of
mechanism for equally increasing or diminishing the pressure on both bearings
consisting of the adjusting screws, the shoes or blocks on which said screws bear
and the sliding wedge bar, and mechanism independent of said wedge bar, for
rocking" the roller, or simultaneously increasing the pressure on one bearing and
relieving the pressure on the other bearing, substantially as described and for the
purpose setforth.
·

page_text: Second The combination with the upper working roller and its bearings, of
the mechanism for equally increasing or diminishing the pressure on both bearings
consisting of the adjusting screws, the shoes or blocks on which they bear, and
the wedge bar and a screw for moving said wedge bar longitudinally, the said
wedge bar being channelled so as to receive said shoes or blocks and retain them
laterally substantially as described
Third-The combination with the upper working roller, its bearings and
adjusting screws, of a shaft mounted in fixed bearings and mechanism for imparting
motion from said shaft equally and simultaneously to both the screws for increasing
the pressure on one bearing and relieving the pressure on the other-bearing;
substantially as described and for the purpose setforth.
Fourth The combination with the upper roller and its bearings, of the
mechanism for rocking the roller consisting of adjusting screws having corre-
sponding threads, either right or left hand, and provided with worm wheels, at
their upper ends, and a worm or screw mounted in fixed bearings between and
engaging with said wheels to turn them and their screws in opposite directions,
substantially as described.
Fifth The combination with the roller A and bearings b, of the screws G
and worm wheels G¹, the sliding worm or screw H provided with the collar g
bearings ff and the removable block or abutment, h, fitting the worm or
screw shaft between the bearing f and collar ġ substantially as described.
g
Sixth The feeder herein described consisting of a tapering throat and a
wedge fitting and movable therein and provided with a stop for the purpose
setforth.
Seventh-The combination with the lower working roller, of the stripper
consisting of a piece or bar having a knife edge and connected with its supports
by soft metal pins which will be sheared or cut off by undue strain on the
stripper substantially as described and for the purpose setforth.
Eighth The combination with the stripper and soft metal pins s of the
supports J and steel bushings r. substantially as described.
Ninth The rolling mill roller herein described and consisting of a roller
face or sleeve of hard steel internally tapered and screw threaded, screwed upon a
shaft correspondingly tapered and threaded, substantially as setforth.
Tenth The rolling mill roller herein described consisting of a roller face or
sleeve of hard steel and a metal lining internally tapered and screw threaded.
and screwed upon a shaft correspondingly tapered and threaded, substantially as
setforth.
Eleventh The rolling mill roller herein described, consisting of a shaft provided
with a fixed collar and a collar screwed thereon and a roller face or sleeve of hard
steel, secured between the collars and connected by pins or spurs with the fixed
collar substantially as setforth.
Twelfth The rolling mill or roller herein described consisting of a shaft
provided with collars the faces of which are bevelled inwards and one of which is
fixed on the shaft while the other is screwed thereon, and a roller face or sleeve,
of hard steel secured on the shaft between the collars and having its ends bevelled
to fit the bevil of the collars substantially as setforth..
. In witness whereof I the said Arthur William Lovell Reddie have hereunto
set my hand and seal the fifteenth day of January in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty four.