Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 3rd June, 1886.
Complete Left, 4th Apr., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 6th May, 1887.
I, JOHN ALSTON HART of Higher Bank, Blackburn in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this Invention to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object to provide means whereby the card teeth or points
of the travelling flats can be adjusted to the card teeth or points of the main cylinder
with great accuracy the arrangement being such that the firmness and rigidity of the
parts which are necessary to the thoroughly efficient action of the engines and the due
operation of the teeth or points of all the flats in their passage in proximity to the
teeth or points of the main cylinder are secured.
According to my invention I combine rigid bends upon which the flats are to
travel with flats which are adjustable relatively to the parts thereof which bear and
travel on the said rigid bends. Whilst not limiting myself to any one particular
construction of such adjustable flats I prefer the construction which is described in
the Specification of the application by Dr. Charles Baines and myself for Letters
Patent No. 10582 dated 7th Septr. 1885. The rigid bends have truly turned surfaces
for the flats to travel on, the said surfaces being concentrix with the axis of the main
cylinder and I provide means for the adjustment of the said rigid bends relatively to
the centre of the cylinder the requisite fine adjustment of all the flats to cause the
teeth or points of all of them to properly operate in conjunction with the teeth or
points of the main cylinder being obtained by the separate adjustment of the individual
Hats relatively to their parts which bear and travel upon the rigid bends-I may employ
adjustable swivel bearings for the axes of the cylinder to run in.
J. HENRY JOHNSON,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C.,
Agent for John A. Hart.

page_text: Improvements in Carding Engines.
1 JOHN ALSTON HART of Higher Bank Blackburn in the County of Lancaster
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
My Invention relates to that class of Carding Engines known as "revolving flat
Carding Engines" in which flats travel by sliding upon stationary bends paths or
guides partly over or around the main Cylinder so that the carding points or teeth of
the flats act in conjunction with the carding points or teeth of the main Cylinder to
card the fibres subinitted to their action and my Invention has for its object to provide
a Carding Engine which is capable of effecting the carding in a more efficient and
economical manner than can be effected in Carding Engines as hitherto constructed.
It is necessary in order to secure the object of my Invention to provide for accurate
adjustment of the carding points or teeth of the flats relatively to the Carding points
or teeth of the main cylinder and firmness when such accurate adjustment has been
effected the adjustment being to compensate for wear and for the grinding of the points
or teeth and to fit the machine for operating on different descriptions of fibres and
firmness and rigidity being necessary to maintain the true relative lines of travel of
the teeth or points of the flats and of the main cylinder after the requisite adjustment
has been effected. The accompanying diagram Figure 14 illustrates what I consider
to be the necessary conditions for the most perfect action of a carding engine with
regard to the relative positions of the teeth or points at the heels of the flats and the
teeth or points of the main cylinder in relation to each other and to the fibre under
treatment, A is a tooth or point at the heel of a flat and B is a tooth or point of the
main cylinder C is a fibre. The teeth A and B should be capable of being adjusted
so that the points or teeth at the heels of all the flats can be brought into such true
and close proximity to the points or teeth of the main cylinder that whilst they can
pass each other, they can respectively stroke the same fibre from above and below as
illustrated and it is the object of my Invention to provide a carding engine which
renders this adjustment possible, for various kinds or diameters of fibres and wherein
the requisite truth firmness and rigidity are obtained, after adjustment has been
effected, to control and maintain, during the working of the Engine, the indicated
true and efficient action of the teeth or points in the fibres.
According to niy Invention I combine as hereinafter described rigid, truly formed
or turned, bends paths or guides, (upon which the flats are to travel by sliding) with
flats with card fillet (carrying carding teeth or points) firmly attached thereto, and
having at each end of each flat a shoe or foot which travels by sliding on the

page_text: corresponding bend-path or guide, each shoe being separately adjustable relatively to
the flat and rigidly fixable in its adjusted position.
Such flats I will hereinafter refer to as adjustable flats, I prefer to use the adjustable
flats which are described in the Specification of the Patent No. 10,582, granted to
Doctor Charles Baynes and myself dated the 7th day of September in the year of
Our Lord 1885. The rigid bends, paths or guides have formed or turned thereon
true surfaces for the shoes or bearing parts of the flats to travel on, in their proper
working position relatively to the main cylinder the said surfaces being concentric
with the axis of the main cylinder or such approximation thereto as is necessary for
obtaining the proper relative positions of the teeth or points of the flats and the main
cylinder as herein before defined. In-attention to oiling, accumulation of dust and the
pull of the driving strap cause wear resulting in the cylinder axis deviating from its
correct position and to obviate this I may provide means for the adjustment of the
said rigid bends, paths or guides and the centre of the cylinder relatively to one
another, the requisite true and fine adjustment of each and all of the flats to cause the
teeth or points of each and all of them to properly operate in conjunction with, the
teeth or points of the main cylinder being capable of being obtained by the separate
adjustment of the individual flats relatively to each of their shoes or parts which bear
and travel upon the rigid bends paths or guides,. I may employ adjustable swivel
bearings for the axes of the Cylinder to run in.
And in order that my Invention may be thoroughly understood I will proceed to
describe with reference to the accompanying drawings a manner in which the same
may be performed.
Figure 1 is a view of so much of a Carding Engine as is necessary to illustrate my
Invention and Figure 2 is a partial longitudinal Section of the same. Figure 3 is a
Section on the line 1. 2 of Figure 1. A is the framing and B. are the "bends" the
surface or upper edges of which at bare formed or turned to constitute true paths or
guides for the travelling parts or shoes of the adjustable flats to slide upon. The
said bends guides or paths are rigid as distinguished from such as have heretofore
been proposed with paths for tho flats to travel on, which are flexible for the purpose
of adjustment by alteration of curvature and are subject to inaccurate adjustment and
distortion and to injurious vibration when in use. The flats Care adjustable relatively
to each of their shoes or parts thereof which bear and slide on the said surfaces 6 of
the rigid bends paths or guides. The said flats are illustrated as being made in
accordance with the aforesaid Patent No. 10,582 of 1885 which are constructed
as there described so as to give a means of true and fine adjustment and also a means
of fixing them in their adjusted position with freedom from injurious vibration or
slackness of the parts. D are the axes upon which the main carding cylinder E turns ;
they are shewn as being mounted in bearing blocks e contained and capable of being
moved vertically in pedestals a bolted to the frame A. The blocks é are adjusted
vertically by the screw a and then when adjusted are firmly fixed by the bolts and
nuts aa. The pedestals a are secured to the flanges A by bolts and nuts a they
passing through slots a' in the feet of the pedestals so that when the screw nuts at aro
slackod the pedestals can be moved sideways by the screws a, and then be fixed by
tightening up the screws at Means are also shewn for allowing of the adjusting of
the bends paths or guides B relatively to the centre of the Cylinder E the said means
consisting of bolts and nuts, passing through the flange A2 of the frame and through
slots in the bends paths or guides B, so that when the nuts are slacked, the bend
can be moved sideways and then be firmly fixed by screwing up the nuts.
I do not limit myself to the mode of and means for adjustment between the
bends paths or guides and cylinder as described as it will be evident that they may be
varied without departing from the nature of my Invention for example the bends,
paths or guides may be cast built up or formed in any suitable way which will give the
requisite rigidity. Also the paths or guides upon which the flats travel may be formed
of an annular or a circular or D-shaped plate adjustable vertically and laterally but
firmly fixable to the bends which carry the grinding and other brackets or the bends

page_text: may be made adjustable vertically by bolting the bend proper to the framing so that it
can be adjusted and then firmly fixed to the framing in its adjusted position.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is :-
First. In Carding Engines the combination of adjustable flats (as hereinbefore
defined) with rigid bends paths or guides for them to slide upon substantially as and
for the purpose hereinbefore described.
Second. In Carding Engines the combination of adjustable flats (as hereinbefore
defined) and rigid bends paths or guides and means for the relative adjustment of the
rigid bends paths or guides and the main cylinder substantially as and for the purpose
described.
1