IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH LOADING FIRE ARMS AND IN REPEATING MAGAZINES. THEREFOR
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jacob Smith Jarmann of Christiania Norway, but at
present of 33 Chancery Lane in the County of Middlesex for an Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH LOADING FIRE ARMS AND IN REPEATING
MAGAZINES. THEREFOR."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jacob Smith Jarmann at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th December 1882.
JACOB SMITH JARMANN of Christiania, Norway, but at present of 33 Chancery
Lane in the County of Middlesex "IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-
ARMS AND IN REPEATING MAGAZINES THEREFOR,"
The first part of my invention refers to a main single-loading breech mechanism
arranged to be used in all three hereinafter described constructions of fire-arms, as
also of special arrangements added to it in order to adapt it to two constructions
of repeating fire-arms hereinafter to be described
The breech case which is screwed. to the barrel, consists mainly of a cylin-
drical tube-as usual in the bolt system-inside of which the movable breech
mechanism works, during the manipulation of the gun. The breech case ад
described below as also the details of the breech mechanism and its arrangement
differs on the whole essentially from older types of this system. Thus the thrust
or recoil is taken up by a slot which receives the lever of. the closing block and by
a groove which receives the thrust knob of the closing block, and so that the thrust
or recoil is taken up diametrically on both sides of the breech case, which, as
regards solidity and accuracy in firing has considerable advantages. In the down-
ward movement of the lever of the closing block a curved inclined plane in the
aforesaid slot causes as generally in this system the cartridge to be pressed into
the cartridge chamber and in the reverse movement of the lever a curved inclined
plane in the aforesaid groove causes an effective extraction of the cartridge case,
thereby that the thrust knob of the closing block is forced over this curve; a slot
receives the knob that has the full and half cock notches, and the thrust knob of
the closing block, and it serves also for guiding the movable breech mechanism in
its forward and backward motion during the manipulation of the gun; a notch at

page_text: the rear serves as a support for the trigger-spring; a mortise receives the cocking-
knob of the trigger spring; a lower lug serves for fastening the breech mechanism
to the stock and by two lateral projections on the said lug the spring of the
cartridge feeder is secured; there is also a knob at the rear for fastening the
mechanism to the stock; two stop notches above stop the movable breech
mechanism from moving backwards further than till the extractor head abuts
against these notches; a recess in the socket for the barrel receives the extractor
hook, when the mechanism is closed
The special arrangements of the breech case for mounting a repeating loose
magazine are as follows:-On the right side of the breech case there is a recess
into which is inserted the stud of the loose magazine; near the top and more to the
rear there is a recess for mounting the magazine.
A screw hole is also provided on the side of the breech case for an ejecting-pin,
which however, is only necessary where the loose magazine is intended to be used,
in order that the ejecting of the empty cartridge case may be done at a certain
point, ere the loose magazine permits a fresh cartridge to fall down into the loading
opening of the breech case.
'
The special arrangements of the breech case for mounting the fixed magazine
with repeating mechanism are as follows:-
;
A slot opening formed in the bottom of the breech case is intended for the
cartridge-fceder; one of the sides that forms this opening is provided with an
inclined recess which together with the rib of the cartridge feeder guides the
cartridge at the notch where the cartridge flange is released from the aforesaid
guiding inclined recess and the rib on the cartridge feeder the cartridge is per-
mitted to be freely lifted into its place in the breech-case by the cartridge-feeder;
a hole is provided to receive the fulcrum-pin at the rear of the cartridge feeder.
Under the socket which receives the barrel an eye is provided to receive the
magazine-tube and cartridge guard, whose centre pin fits in a hole underneath the
said eye. A screw hole on the side of the breech case receives the stopper of the
repeating magazine's mechanism, and there is a front and a rear recess for fixing
the stopper of the repeating mechanism in its two positions.
The movable breech mechanism consists in all three constructions of six
parts, viz:-
I. The breech bolt is a hollow cylinder with solid front end (except the hole for
the striker). In the interior of this cylinder the main spring and the striker are
generally placed, the latter being in this case guided in a lateral groove.
The upper side of the bolt has a lug at the rear by which the closing block
draws the bolt back; on the 'top near the rear is formed a circular cut open
laterally which secures the extractor, on the top at the front end there is a recess
that receives the knob on the fore end of the extractor; and a set off which abuts
against the rear of the barrel in the breech opening; at the bottom side near the
rear the bolt has a flat face to permit it, in the single loader with loose magazine,
to pass over the ejecting knob in the bottom of the breech-case and in the
repeating gun with fixed magazine to slide over the pointed end of the cartridge
feeder for which purpose it is on the underside near the front end provided with a
hollow or recess having an inclined plane that causes the lifting of the cartridge
feeder by the forward movements of the movable mechanism; the bolt has also an
outer lateral recess or groove in which slides the rib of the cartridge feeder..
II. The closing and thrust block is formed with a pivot that fits in the hollow
cylinder of the bolt and through whose centre is a hole for the striker; on this
pivot the closing block turns sufficiently for opening or closing the mechanism or
a quarter of the circle. The closing block is supplied with the lever knob by
which the mechanism is worked during the manipulation of the gun and when the
mechanism is closed this lever takes up the thrust in the aforesaid slot of the
breech case simultaneously with a lower thrust knob that takes up the thrust in
the aforesaid groove in the breech case.
".
Further the closing block is provided with a claw that catches hold of the rear

page_text: lug or stud of the bolt when the lever is turned up, therefore in drawing the
mechanism backwards, the bolt is carried along. By a spirally formed inclined
plane at the back the gun, as usual in the bolt system, is cocked when the closing
block is thrown up. A curved covering plate on the closing block protects the
mechanism. against dirt and gives by its foremost edge with its rounded off corner
a forward impulse to the sliding carrier in the loose magazine; this curved plate
also locks this magazine when the mechanism is closed and keeps it firm during
firing.
III. The hammer has as usual for cocking a spirally formed inclined plane
corresponding with that of the closing block. Through the middle of the hammer
is a hole partly screw threaded for fixing the striker to the same, the hammer is
provided underneath with a knob with a nose for full cock and a notch for half
cock; this knob is guided in the slot in the rear end of the breech-case. There is
also a front projection which serves for guiding the hammer in the breech-case.
The point of the spirally formed inclined plane in the closing-block rests in a
recess formed in front end of cock and this prevents the hammer from turning
when the mechanism is opened"
1V. The extractor consists of a very powerful spring provided with a round
button formed knob, by which it, is fastened to the bolt, for which purpose the
knob is filed off so much on two sides that the extractor with the knob may be
laid rectangular on the bolt down into the laterally open circular cut therein and
when in this position the extractor is turned till a knob at the front of the spring
enters the recess at front end of the bolt the extractor is secured and in its right
position therefore to take out the extractor only requires the lifting of, the knob
out of the cut in the bolt and the turning of the extractor a quarter circle to either
side. The fore-part of the extractor is provided with a head which when the
breech mechanism is opened, abuts against the stop notches in the breech case and
thus arrests the movements of the mechanism. In the single loader with repeating
loose magazine the extractor head is also at the right side supplied with a lug that
gives motion to the repeating, mechanism of the loose magazine. By lifting up
the extracting claw, using for instance the right fore finger for that purpose,
sufficient for the extractor head to slide over the strengthened part of the breech
case at the aforesaid thrust slot the movable breech mechanism may be removed
from the breech and by pushing forwards be again refitted, the extractor spring
thereby being lifted up and sliding freely up the inclined plane in the rear of the
breech case till the extractor head has passed the above named strengthened part
of the breech case when the extractor head again drops down into the stop notches
and the mechanism is then in its right place.
This extractor has thus the following functions to perform, viz:-
1. To extract the cartridge case from the chamber as usual.
2. To eject the empty case this is done only through the extension of the
extractor spring, which presses the cartridge case so hard against the bottom of tho
breech-case that the friction thereby produced is sufficient to jerk the empty case
gently clear of the gun.
3. To stop the travelling of the movable mechanism.
4. To remove the movable breech mechanism from the case.
5. To refit the movable breech mechanism.
6. To guide the back and forward movements of the bolt.
7. In using the loose magazine it serves also for giving partial impulse to the
repeating mechanism of this magazine.
•
V. The striker has at the front end a head that fits in the inner cylinder of the
bolt. In instances where a cartridge bursts, the head has to let the gas escape, for
this purpose the head is formed with grooves by which the violent repulse of the
piston is then prevented. Near the middle the striker has a shoulder which in
such cases is forced into contact with the pivot of the closing block and thereby
prevents any flow of gas towards the eye of the soldier and keeps the main spring
from being over forced; to prevent the striker from unscrewing itself the head is

page_text: provided with a feather that moves in the corresponding groove in the bolt; the
back end of the striker has screw threads for screwing it into the hammer.
VI. The main spring is as usual in this system a helical steel spring.
The trigger-mechanism consists of: firstly, the trigger spring which is placed
beneath the breech case at the rear of the same between the notches provided
therein; it has a hook that catches in the back notch whereby the screw is protected
against the shock caused by the forward movement of the breech mechanism. The
spring has a length slot for the trigger which is hinged thereto. On the upper side
at the foremost end this spring has the cocking stop lug that enters the opening
in the breech case where it first meets with the full cocking notch of the hammer
Secondly. The trigger turning on a pin in the trigger spring. It has a rounded
projection on the top, as also used by other inventors, which abuts against the
breech-case by which most of the pulling is done, when this first touch is felt
the rest of the pulling requires a continual, and but very slight pressure on the
trigger.
The following is a description of the next part of my invention namely the
repeating loose magazine. This is mounted on the top of the gun standing out at
an angle and communicating directly with the breech. The loose magazine consists
of a lower case for the mechanism to which is soldered the cartridge holder inside
of which is a zig-zag spring that presses the cartridges down in the loading opening
in the breech case the cartridge which is retained in the magazine by the cartridge
flange and the point of the bullet drops down-when pulled back through the
opening of the magazine, the magazine has an inner leather lining in front to
prevent the points of the bullets from being damaged by the recoil during the firing
with the magazine loaded; the lower case has a cylindrically bored rear part in
which slides a carrier with an extractor to draw along the cartridge in order to
make it fall out; the case has on one outer and lower side an eye in which is
inserted a stop hook, also a lower stud that enters the corresponding recess on the
right side of the breech case and by which the magazine is mounted; there are
two projections one on each side inside the magazine case, these support the flange
of the cartridge, when the carrier is pressing the extractor over the cartridge flange;
a tongue at the rear extends a little under the curved plate of the closing block
and by this the loose magazine is kept quite firm, when the mechanism is closed
and ready for firing; it is here also formed with a slot for the stop pin of the
carrier and with a slot for guiding the carrier; at the left side in front it is provided
with a stud that enters a slot in the front end of the carrier at the bottom in
front there is a flange for the point of the bullet to rest on, and two inner inclined
planes, one on each side for guiding the cartridge. A loose magazine of such a size
that it can hold seven cartridges appears to be the one most suitable; having one
cartridge in the barrel eight shots will then be available. The carrier that moves
inside the cylindrical boring in the mechanism case of the loose magazine is at the
rear formed like a cylindrical plug provided with the extractor by means of which
the cartridge is carried along so far that its flange may pass out through the
opening and the bullet point gets clear of the aforesaid bottom flange; the cartridge
is then free and is pressed down in the loading opening of the breech-case by the
zig-zag spring inside the cartridge holder, a flat tongue or arm which is fastened
to the side of the carrier serves as a guide for the same for which reason it has the
aforesaid slot in front by which it takes hold of a lug on the side of the mechanism-
case: a stop pin that moves in a slot in the cylindrical boring in the mechanism-
case prevents the carrier from moving too far back during the manipulation of the
gun; there is a hole bored aslant through the cylindrical body of the carrier and
in this turns a cartridge guard, by the aid of which the mechanism of the magazine
may be put into motion or stopped at pleasure, The carrier with guiding arm
receives its motion in one direction through the said guard when this is placed in
such a position that the extractor's stud by the backward movements of the
mechanism can get hold of the catch knob on the magazine guard, and in the other
direction the carrier receives its motion from the rounded off corner of the. closing

page_text: block which encloses the mechanism presses against the end of the carrier and
moves it forward. The cartridge guard of the loose magazine consists of a small
centre pin provided with an outer helical spring and along with its spring turns in
the aforesaid oblique hole in the carrier; a catch knob formed on the end of the
pin is so placed at one side of the centre that the pin, when turned half round the
one way comes right opposite the lateral lug at front end of the extractor and in
opening the mechanism this lug will draw the carrier back and thus lets the
cartridge in the loose magazine held by the carrier's extractor drop down in the
loading opening of the breech case in the reverse movement of the pin the catch
knob will come so low that the extractor's lug will pass over it and no motion will
then be communicated to the loose magazine and firing with the gun as single
loader may go on without interfering with the loose magazine at all. The helical
spring together with a small stud on an arm for turning the pin serve as stopper
for the two positions in which the loose magazine is put into motion or stopped."
The stop hook fixed in the eye on the loose magazine consists of a stop hook on
a pin provided with a helical spring which draws the hook into a notch in the
breech case by which the loose magazine is secured; the spring is compressed
between a nut and the shoulder in the eye of the loose magazine.
The next part of my invention consists in the repeating mechanism for the
fixed magazine underneath the barrel.
J
"
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In this repeating gun the cartridges eight in number are magazined in a tube
beneath the barrel which tube at one end is secured in an eye or socket formed
on the breech case and at the other end to a stud on the barrel. The ninth
cartridge lies in the cartridge feeder and enters the chamber when closing the
mechanism.and nine shots are then available. Inside the magazine tube is as
usual in this kind of magazine a helical spring with runner that presses the
cartridges into the repeating mechanism. The mechanism which is annexed to the
main mechanism (common for all three herein named constructions of fire arms) in
order to make a perfect repeating gun with fixed magazine consists of the following
four parts:-
4. The cartridge guard.
The cartridge feeder which receives the cartridges from the tube magazine
under the barrel and consists of an arm combined with a scoop turns on a pin in a
hole under the socket for the tubular magazine and receives its impulse through â
spring and the inclined plane in the hollow or recess in the underside of the bolt in
the following manner: when the bolt is drawn so far back that the lifting back end
of the cartridge feeder enters the said reçess the spring acts on the cartridge feeder
and brings the front part of the same low enough to receive the cartridge from the
magazine tube, it is brought back to its former position by means of the inclined
plane in above named recess, as this plane in the forward movement of the
mechanism presses the back end of the feeder down and consequently the cartridge
is lifted up. The cartridge that the scoop has received from the magazine tubé
stops up innermost in the opening in the breech case. By having the aforesaid
recess in the underside of the bolt so placed and by having a longitudinal
rib of the cartridge feeder resting in the outer longitudinal groove in the
side of the bolt, the cartridge feeder which in this case forms the bottom
of the breech case is prevented from falling down before the empty case is
ejected by the extractor; the rib as long as it is in contact with the outer
groove in the bolt also relieves the lifting end of the feeder from the reacting
pressure caused by the extractor when in the act of ejecting the empty cartridge
case; when the cartridge feeder is down the rib and the inclined recess in bottom
of the breech case form a passage in which the cartridge flange is guided and
whereby the cartridge is prevented from getting out of the feeder before it reaches
the extremity of the opening in the breech case at the rear of the feeder where the

page_text: cartridge flange at one side gets clear of the rib and at the same time it is released
at the other side by a notch in the side of the breech opening and. is then at liberty
to be lifted up in the breech case by the cartridge feeder; the back end of the latter
stops the cartridge in the magazine tube the same being liberated by the guard the
moment the mechanism is closed and it lies now ready to enter the cartridge feeder
when the mechanism is again opened. The pin through the back end of the feeder
serves for giving impulse to the cartridge guard while closing and opening the
mechanism as the pin then alternately comes in contact with the arms of the
_cartridge guard above and below its centre of motion; there is a pin through
the back arm of the feeder this pin is grasped by the cartridge feeder spring
which by acting on this pin brings the cartridge feeder down; there is a hole
through the side of the feedor from which hole is filed an opening extending
upwards of a size like the half of the diameter of this hole, there is a rib across
the fore end of the scoop formed part of the cartridge feeder that lifts the cartridge
and thereby facilitates its entrance into the cartridge chamber; a projection prevents
the cartridge flange from falling down behind the upper end of the cartridgo
feeder when this is down.
case.
The cartridge feeder spring is formed forked, or with a front slot and a rear slot
by the two rear arms, it is fitted' and fastened to the screwed lug under the breech
The back arms of the spring have hooks by which it is held fast when acting
on the transverse-pin of the arm of the feeder, thus this spring presses the cartridgo
feeder down when free of the stopper of the repeating mechanism and the
mechanism is drawn fully back thus the rib of the feeder. is clear of the inner
lateral groove of the bolt and the back end of the feeder comes right opposite the
hollow in the bottom of the bolt. Through the pin in the back end of the feeder
this spring also communicates motion to an arm or hook of the cartridge guard by
pressing this down.
"
The stopper of the repeating mechanism consists of a handle having at one end a
screw that fits in a hole on the left side of the breech case.
At the end that enters the breech case this screw is provided with a short stud
that has one half of its diameter filed off to a D section that permits it when placed
in one position to pass through the opening or slot in the scoop of the cartridge
feeder and when placed in the opposite position or turned half round enters that
part of the hole in the scoop of the cartridge feeder not filed out and thus keeps
the feeder up and the gun may then be worked as a single loader just as if it had
no repeating mechanism; when the fixed magazine is emptied the firing may be
continued with full effect as a single loader without stopping the repeating
mechanism or without any interruption. To keep the stopper steady in its two
positions the handle or arm is formed as a spring provided at the extremity with a
small projection that enters into a recess in the outer side of the breech case and
thus the stopper is kept steady in its two positions; a knob formed on its end is so
placed that the magazine by the left hand thumb easily may be stopped or set to
work during continual firing.
The cartridge guard consists of a balance lever the two arms or ends of which
form an angle it turns on its centre pin that works in the hole in the magazine
tube socket. The guard has a tooth that enters into a slot opening in the tube
socket and hinders the cartridge that comes from the magazine from getting
further than to this tooth which is pressed into the tube socket by the impulse that
the feeder spring gives to the feed and its stud at its lower front end as this latter
abuts against the lower arm of the guard and forces this down and thereby also
the tooth into the tube's socket this of course prevents: the next cartridge from
following the one that has passed into the feeder. The pressure of the helical
magazine spring upon the cartridge which is stopped against the tooth of the
guard keeps the tooth in the socket as this pressure takes effect above the centre
about which the guard turns, the other impulse that the guard receives is also
communicated to it through the pin at the rear end of the feeder as this. pin when
the cartridge feeder is lifted pushes the upper arm of the guard. forward and thus

page_text: draws the guard's tooth out of the socket and the cartridge resting against the tooth
is made free and abuts against the back end of the feeder; to prevent the guard
from swinging so far ahead with the upper arm, that its tooth gets out of the
opening in the tube socket, the latter is provided with the stop lug against which
the spring of the guard turns; when the guard is to be taken out it is pushed so
hard forward with the upper arm that a spring on it bends sufficient for the tooth
to get out of the opening in the tube socket, then the guard is released and may be
drawn out. It is refitted in the same, manner..or by bending the spring a little,
a projecting bent arm serves for catching the pin on the feeder when the feeder is
lifted up.
$
According to a modification the guard is not provided with the spring and the
bent arm instead of the stud on the tube socket is in this case a stop screw
provided the head of which is filed off at one side and thus permits the guard to be
inserted removed or kept in its place according to the position of the filed off part
of the screw head; this latter, arrangement of the guard is in some cases preferable;
an end projection on the barrel extends into the loading opening of the breech
case whereby is prevented that the bullet points at the rapid forward movements
of. the mechanism by the cartridge feeder are thrown up so high that they abut
against the edges of either the barrel or breech case in the loading opening and
thus hinder the cartridges from getting into their places.
:
The mechanism of the single loader is so constructed that it may be used for a
repeating gun with loose magazine and a repeating gun with fixed magazine
without removing or changing any of the parts of which the mechanism.consists.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Jacob Smith Jarmann in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
11th June 1883.
JACOB SMITH JARMANN of Christiania Norway but at present of 33.Chancery
Lane in the County of Middlesex "IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECHLOADING FIRE-ARMS
AND, IN REPEATING MAGAZINES THEREFOR"
• Firearms constructed according to this Invention have a breech part which
consists of the breech case and of the following six parts which are movable therein
viz. The breech bolt, the closing and thrust block, the hammer, the extractor, the
striker and the main spring. This mechanism is applied to a gun which is
provided with a cartridge magazine in the upper part of the gun and a cartridge
magazine under the barrel the whole arrangement being such that the gun may be
supplied first from one magazine and then from. the other magazine. Or the gun
may be made with the upper magazine alone or with the lower magazine alone.
The breech mechanism remains substantially the same in all the aforesaid cases.
Figure is a side view of the breech case A containing the breech mechanism,
Figure 14 is a plan of same, Figure 1B cross section on line 1, 1 and Figure 1°
cross section on line 2. 2. Figure 2 is a longitudinal section through the breech
bolt B. Figure 24 a plan of same and Figure 2B an end view.
Figure 3 is a side view and Figure 3ª an end view of the closing and thrust
block.
Figure 4 is a side view and Figure 4 an end view of the hammer D.
Figure 5 is a side view and Figure 5A plan of the extractor E.
Figure 6 is a side view and Figure 64 an end view of the striker F and
Figure 7 is a side and end view of the main spring G.
Other or accessory parts of the breech mechanism are the trigger spring and the
trigger
Figure 8 is a longitudinal section and Figure 84 a plan of the trigger spring and
Figure 9 is a side view and Figure 94 an end view of the trigger.
Figure 10 is a vertical section through the upper detachable magazine K,
Figure 10 an end view Figure 10B a plan section, Figure 10° a vertical section on
line 15. 15., and Figure 10º a vertical-section on line 14. 14.
Figure 11 is a side view Figure 114 a plan and Figure 11³ end view of a
carrier L which works within the lower part of the magazine K.
Figure 12 is a side view Figure 12ª end view and Figure 12³ plan of a cartridge
guard M for admitting a cartridge from the magazine K into the breech.
Figure 13 is a side view and Figure 13ª end view of a stop hook N for securing
the upper magazine K in place.
.
Figure 14 is a side view of the breech case A when adapted for a tubular
magazine under the barrel, Figure 14ª a longitudinal section, Figure 14ª a plan,
and Figures 14°, 14º and 14º cross sections respectively on lines 6, 6, 7, 7,
and 8, 8.
Figure 15 is a longitudinal section Figure 15ª a plan and Figure 15³ end view
of the breech bolt B working in the case A Figure 14.
Figure 16 is side view and Figure 164 plan of the extractor E therefor.
Figure 17, closing block same as Figure 3.
Figure 18, hammer same as Figure 4.
Figure 19 is a longitudinal section Figure 194 a plan and Figure 19B a cross
section on line 9, 9. of the cartridge feeder O which receives the cartridge from the
tubular magazine under the barrel.

page_text: Figure 20.is plan and Figure 20ª side view of the cartridge feeder spring P for
the lower magazine.
Figure 21 is plan and Figure 21 side view of the stopper Q for the repeating
mechanism of the lower magazine.
Figure 22 is a side view Figure 22b end view and Figure 22° part plan of
cartridge guard R.
Figures 23 Trigger springs same as Figure 8.
Figures 24 Trigger J-same as Figure 9.
Figure 25 Striker F same as Figure 6.
Figure 26 main spring G same as Figure 7.
Figures 28 to 31 also refer to the gun when arranged with the tubular magazine
underneath Figure 28 being a side view of the gun with the breech closed, and
Figure 28 a vertical cross section on line 10, 10, Figure 29 a longitudinal section
of gun with the breech open, Figure 29ª a vertical cross section on line 11. 11 and
Figure 29B a similar section on line 12. 12, Figure 30 a part sectional side view
of the gun with the breech closed Figure 30 a vertical cross section on line 13. 13.
and Figure 31 a plan.
Figures 32 to 39 refer to the gun when arranged for the upper detachable
magazine K. Figure 32 being a longitudinal section showing one position of the
cartridge in the lower part of the loose magazine and Figure 33 being a similar
section showing another position of the cartridge. Figure 34 a side view of the gun
with the magazine K attached and the breech closed and Figure 35 a plan of
same. Figure 34 a vertical section on line 16. 16, Figure 36 a side view of the
gun with the magazine K detached therefrom Figure 37 a longitudinal section
with the breech open Figure 38 a longitudinal section and Figure 39 a plan of the
gun with the breech closed, Figures 384 38B and 38° are cross sections on
lines 3. 3. 4. 4 and 5. 5. respectively.
I will now describe the first part of my Invention viz. the breech-case and
mechanism proper and with special reference to Figures 1 to 13 and 32 to 39, in
which as I have already stated the gun is shown with special reference to the
upper magazine K.
The breech case A Figures 1 1A 1B and 1° which is screwed to the barrel
consists mainly of a cylindrical tube-as usually in the bolt system inside of which
the movable breech mechanism works during the manipulation of the gun. The
breech case as described below as also the details of the breech mechanism and its
arrangements differ on the whole essentially from older types of this system.
Thus the thrust or recoil is taken up by a slot a which receives the lever of the
closing block C Figures 3 and 32 to 39 and by a groove a³ which receives the
thrust-knob of the closing-block and so that the thrust or recoil is taken up
diametrically on both sides of the breech-case, which as regards solidity and
accuracy in firing has considerable advantages. For the downward movement of
the lever of the closing-block a curved inclined plane a' a' in the aforesaid slot a²
causes as generally in this system the cartridge to be pressed into the cartridge
chamber and in the reverse movement of the lever a curved inclined plane a³ a³ in
the aforesaid groove a³ causes an effective extraction of the cartridge case, thereby
that the thrust knob cs of the closing block C Figure 3 is forced over this curve, a
slot a receives the knob d² of the hammer D Figure 4 that has the full and half
cock notches d³ and d' and the thrust knob c³ of the closing block C and it serves
also for guiding the movable breech mechanism in its forward and backward
motion during the manipulation of the gun, a notch a7 at the rear serves as a
support for the projection h Figure 8 for the trigger spring, a mortise a³ receives
the cocking knob h³ of the trigger spring, a lower lug a serves for fastening the
breech mechanism to the stock and by its two lateral projections a¹0 a 10 on the said
lug the spring of the cartridge feeder for the magazine under the barrel is secured
as will be described later on with reference to the magazine under the barrel; there
is also a knob all at the rear for fastening the mechanism to the stock the upper
stop notches aa¹² stop the movable breech mechanism from moving backwards

page_text: further than till the extractor head abuts against these notches, a recess a¹³ in the
socket for the barrel receives the extractor hook e Figures 5 and 10 when the
mechanism is closed. .
The special arrangements of the breech case in case the magazine K is to be made.
detachable are as follows:
On the right side of the breech case there is a recess a¹ into which is inserted,
the stud of the loose magazine; near the top and more to the rear there is a
recess as a¹³ for mounting the magazine, a¹ is a notch for taking the hook n².
Figure 13 and affixing the upper magazine, K.
A screw hole a Figure 1 is also provided on the bottom of the breech case for
an ejecting pin which however is only necessary when the loose magazine is
intended to be used in order that the ejecting of the empty cartridge case may be
done at a certain point, ere the loose magazine permits a fresh cartridge to fall
down into the loading opening of the breech case.
The movable breech-mechanism consists of six parts as stated. viz:
1. The breech bolt B best seen at Figures 2 and 37 is a hollow cylinder with
solid front end b (except the hole for the striker). In the interior of this cylinder
the main spring and the striker are generally placed the latter being in this case
guided in a lateral groove b².
The upper side of the bolt has a lug at the rear b³ by which the closing block
draws the bolt, back; on the top near the rear is formed a circular cut b* open
laterally which secures the extractor's end e¹ Figure 5, on the top at the front end
there is a recess 66 that receives the knob e² on the fore end of the extractor and a
set-off e which abuts against the rear of the barrel in the breech opening at as,
at the bottom side near the rear the bolt has a flat face 67 to permit it to pass over
the ejecting knob a" in the bottom of the breech case.
II. The closing and thrust block C Figures 3 and 37 is formed with a pivot c
that fits in the hollow cylinder b¹ of the bolt and through the centre of which is a
hole c' for the striker F Figures 6 and 37; on this pivot the closing block C turns
sufficiently for opening or closing the mechanism, or a quarter of a circle. The
closing block is provided with the lever knob c² by which the mechanism is worked
during the manipulation of the gun and when the mechanism is closed this lever
takes up the thrust in the aforesaid slot a² of the breech case simultaneously with a
lower thrust knob that takes up the thrust in the aforesaid groove a³ in the
breech case.
Further the closing block is provided with a claw c' that catches hold of the rear
lug or stud 63 of the bolt Figure 2 when the lever is turned up; therefore in drawing
the mechanism backwards the bolt is carried along by a spirally formed inclined
plane cat the back; the gun as usual in the bolt system is cocked when the closing
block is thrown up. A curved covering plate c on the closing block protects the
mechanism against dirt and gives by its foremost edge with its rounded off corner c
a forward impulse to the sliding carrier in the loose magazine as will be afterwards
described, this curved plate also locks this magazine when the mechanism is closed
and keeps it firm during firing.
III The hammer D Figure 4 has as usual for cocking a spirally formed inclined.
plane corresponding with the inclined plane of the closing block. Through the
middle of the hammer is a hole d¹ partly screwthreaded for fixing the striker F to
the same the hammer is provided underneath with a knob d2 with a nose d³ for
full-cock and a notch d for half cock; this knob is guided in the slot a in the
rear end of the breech case A Figure 1. There is also a front projection d³ which
also serves for guiding the hammer in the breech-case. By the comb do the gun
may be full or also half cocked. The point of the spirally formed inclined plane co
in the closing block C Figure 3 rests in a recess d formed in front end of cock
and this prevents the hammer from turning when the mechanism is opened.
IV. The extractor E Figures 5 and 37 consists of a very powerful spring e
provided with a round button formed knob e¹ by which it is fastened to the thrust-
bolt B at and when in this position the extractor is turned till a knob e² at the

page_text: front enters the recess 65 at front end of a bolt B the extractor is secured and in
its right position. To take out the extractor only requires the lifting of the knob e
out of the cut 65 in the bolt and the turning of the extractor a quarter circle to
either side. The fore part of the extractor E is provided with a head e³ each
projecting side of which when the breech mechanism is open as shown in
Figure 37 abuts against the stop notches a¹ a¹² in the breech case and thus arrests
the backward movement of the mechanism. e' is the extracting claw. The
extractor head e³ is also at the right side provided with a lug e³ Figure 5 that gives
motion to the repeating mechanism of the loose magazine K, Figure 10. By
lifting up the extracting claw e (using for instance the right forefinger for that
purpose) sufficient to allow the two side projections of the extractor head e³ to
slide over the strengthened part of the breech case (at the aforesaid thrust slot a²)
the movable breech mechanism may be removed from the breech. By pushing the
mechanism forward it may be again refitted the extractor spring thereby being
lifted up and sliding freely up the inclined plane in the rear of the breech case
until the extractor head e3 has passed the above named strengthened part of the
breech case whereupon the extractor head e³ again drops down into the stop
notches as a¹ and the mechanism is then in the position shown in Figure 37.
This extractor has thus the following functions to perform viz: 1. To extract the
cartridge case from the chamber as usual viz: by the hook e¹.
2. To eject the empty case. This is done only through the tension of the
extractor spring which presses the rim or flange of the cartridge case so hard
against the bottom of the breech case that the friction thereby produced is
sufficient to throw the empty case gently, clear of the gun.
3. To stop the travel of the inovable mechanism.
4. To assist in removing the movable breech mechanism from the case.
5. To secure the movable breech mechanism.
6. To guide the back and forward movements of the bolt.
:
7. When using the loose magazine K it serves also for giving partial impulse to
the repeating mechanism of this magazinė.
V. The striker F has at the front end a head f that fits in the inner cylinder 6¹
of the bolt B In instances where a cartridge bursts the head has to let the gas
escape and for this purpose the head is formed with grooves or hollows fl by
which the violent repulse of the piston is partially prevented. Near the middle
the striker has a shoulder f which in such cases is forced into contact with the
pivot c of the closing block, Figure 3; and thereby prevents any flow of gas towards
the eye of the operator and keeps the main spring from being over forced; to
prevent the striker from unscrewing itself the head f2 is provided with a feather f³
that moves in the corresponding groove 62 in the bolt the back end of the striker
has screw threads f which are for screwing it into the hammer.
VI. The main spring G Figure 7 is as usual in this system a helical steel
spring.
The trigger mechanism consists of:-
Firstly-The trigger spring H Figures 8 and 37 which is placed beneath the
breech case at the rear of the same between the notches a7 and as provided therein
and has a hook h that catches in the back notch a' in the breech case A whereby
the screw (whereby the spring H is fastened) is protected against the shock caused
by the forward movement of the breech mechanism. The spring has a length
slot.h for the trigger J which is hinged thereto by a pin h². On the upper side at
the foremost end this spring has the cocking stop lug h³ that enters the opening.as
in the breech case where it first meets with the full cocking notch d³ of the
hammer D.
Secondly. The trigger J Figure 9. It has a rounded projection on the top i as
also used by other inventors which abuts against the breech case and by which
most of the pulling is done when this first touch is felt the rest of the pulling
requires a continual and but very slight pressure on the trigger.
The following is a description of the next part of my Invention which refers to
•

page_text: the repeating detachable magazine K Figures 10 and 32 to 35. This is mounted
on the top of the gun standing out at an angle and communicating directly with
the breech. Though preferably detachable it may if desired be permanently fixed.
The magazine K consists of a lower case for the mechanism to this case k is
soldered the cartridge holder / inside of which is a zig zag spring /² that presses
the cartridges down in the loading opening in the breech case the cartridge which
is retained in the magazine Figure 32 by the cartridge flange dropping into the
notches K³ K³ one on each side; the magazine has an inner leather lining * in
front to prevent the points of the bullets from being damaged by the recoil during
the firing with the magazine loaded. The lower case k has a cylindrically bored
rear part in which slides carrier L Figure 11 the case has on one outer and
lower side an eye 6 Figure 10 in which is inserted a stop hook N Figures 13
and 34 also a lower stud k Figure 10 that enters the eye a¼ in a corresponding
recess on the right side of the breech case and by which the magazine is mounted,
there are two projections 8 one on each side inside the magazine case these
support the flange of the cartridge when the carrier is pressing the extractor over
the cartridge flange. A tongue at the rear extends a little under the curved
plate c of the closing block C and by this the magazine is kept quite firm when
the mechanism is closed and ready for firing, it is here also formed with a slot /10
for the stop pin of the carrier Figure 11 and with a slot 1 for guiding the
carrier L, at the left side in front it is provided with a projection 12 that enters a
slot in the front end of the carrier guiding arm 12 Figure 11. At the bottom in
front there is a flange k¹³ for the point of the bullet to rest on and two inner.
inclined planes one on each side for guiding the cartridge as shewn at
Figures 10. 32, 33. A magazine of such a size that it can hold seven cartridges
appears to be the one most suitable, having one cartridge in the barrel eight shots
will then be available. The carrier L that moves inside the cylindrical part k³ in
the magazine is formed like a cylindrical plug & provided with the extractor l
by means of which the cartridge is carried along so far that its flange may pass
out through the opening and the bullet point gets clear of the aforesaid bottom
flange seat the cartridge is then free and is pressed down in the loading opening
of the breech case, by the zig zag spring k² Figure 33 the flat arm 12 serving as a
guide for the carrier for which reason it has the aforesaid slot 3 for the lug k¹².
There is a hole bored aslant through the cylindrical body of the carrier and in
this turns a cartridge guard M Figure 12 by the aid of which the mechanism of
the magazine may be put into motion or stopped at pleasure so that the gun in
that case could work as a single loader or with a bottom magazine. The carrier L
receives its motion in one direction through the said guard M when this is placed
in such a position that the extraction stud es Figure 5 by the backward
movements of the mechanism can get hold of the catch knob m! on the magazine
guard and in the other direction the carrier receives its motion from the rounded
off corner c of the closing block which encloses the mechanism presses against
the end of the carrier and moves it forward. The cartridge guard M Figure 12
of the magazine K consists of a small central pin m provided with an outer
helical spring m² and turning in the aforesaid obligue hole in the carrier by
means of a catch knob m', the pin when turned half round one way comes right
opposite the lateral front lug e Figure 5 of the extractor and in opening the
mechanism this lug will draw the carrier back and thus let the cartridge in the
magazine held by the carrier's extractor Figures 11, 32, and 33 drop down in the
loading opening of the breech case in the reverse movement of the pin the catch
knob m will come so low that the extractors lug e Figure 5 will pass over it and
no motion will then be communicated to the magazine and firing with the gun as
single loader may go on without interfering with the magazine at all. The helical
spring me together with a small stud m³ on an arm m' for turning the pin serves
as stopper for the two positions in which the magazine is put into motion or
stopped.
The stop-hook N Figure 13 fixed in the eye ko on the magazine K consists of a

page_text: hook part n, n² on a pin provided with a helical spring n which draws the
hook part n² into a notch at Figure 1 in the breech case by which the loose
magazine is secured.
Figure 32 shews the position of the cartridge in the lower part of the
magazine K at the moment when the extractor 1 (fixed to the carrier) pressed
forward by the covering plate c has seized the cartridge flange.
Figure 33 shows the position of the carrier L with cartridge drawn back by the
extractor stud e the cartridge here being free to pass down into the loading
opening of the breech case.
Figures 34 and 35 show the gun with the loose magazine mounted and the
mechanism closed ready for firing. When the gun is also to be provided with or
adapted for the magazine under the barrel, I make such magazine in the usual
tube form as I shall now explain with reference to Figures 14 to 31. This tube S
is made to take eight cartridges and is at one end secured in a socket a² or the
breech case A shown separately in Figure 14 and at the other end to a stud on the
barrel this tube magazine also contains the usual helical spring and runner that
press the cartridges one after the other into the breech. The breech case A
Figures 14 and 29 as adapted for the magazine S is arranged as follows,-A slot a¹8
is formed in the bottom and in this slot works the cartridge-feeder O, Figure. 19
which is guided by a rib o³ fitting in the inclined recess at in one side of the
slot a18 and is hinged to the breech case at o. A screw hole a24 on the side of the
breech case receives the stopper Q Figure 21 for the magazine S and there is a
front recess and a rear recess α for fixing the end of that stopper in its two
positions; 28 is a stop that limits the movement of the stopper.
The cartridge feeder O Figures 19, 29 and 30 receives the cartridge from the
magazine S and receives its impulse through a spring P, Figures 20, 29, and 30 and
the inclined plane leading to the hollow 63 in the underside of the bolt B, Figure 15,
in the following manner when the bolt B is drawn so far back that the lifting
back end o² of the cartridge feeder enters the said recess, the spring. P acts on the
stud of on the cartridge feeder and brings the front part of the same low enough
to receive the cartridge from the magazine. it is brought back to its former
position by means of the inclined plane at the recess 68 as this plane in the forward
movement of the mechanism presses the back end o% of the feeder down and conse
quently the cartridge is lifted up as shown at Figure 30. The cartridge that the
scoop has received from the magazine-tube being forced up is stopped against the
back part of the opening a¹8 a18, Figures 14 and 29 in the breech case. By having
the aforesaid recess 68 Figure 15 in the underside of the bolt so placed and by
having a longitudinal rib o³ of the cartridge feeder resting in the outer longitudinal
groove 6 in the side of the bolt, the cartridge feeder which in this case forms the
bottom of the breech-case is prevented from falling down before the empty case
is ejected by the extractor E, the rib o³ as long as it is in contact with the outer
groove be in the bolt also relieves the lifting end of the feeder o² from the reacting
pressure caused by the extractor when in the act of ejecting the empty cartridge
case. When the cartridge-feeder is down Figure 29 the rib o³ and the inclined
recess a a¹, Figure 14 in the bottom of the breech-case form a passage in which
the cartridge flange is guided and whereby the cartridge is prevented from getting
out of the feeder before it reaches the extremity of the opening in the breech-case
at the rear of the feeder, where the cartridge flange at one side gets clear of the
rib o and at the same time it is released at the other side by a notch a" in the
side of the breech opening and is then at liberty to be lifted up in the breech case
by the cartridge-feeder O. The lug o' on the front end of the latter stops the
cartridge in the magazine-tube the same being liberated by the guard R the
moment the mechanism is closed and it lies now ready to enter the cartridge
feeder, when the mechanism is again opened. The pin o' through the lug o* of
the feeder serves for giving impulse to the cartridge guard R. Figures 22ª, while
closing and opening the mechanism as the pin then alternately comes in contact
with the arms of the cartridge-guard above and below its fulcrum. There is a

page_text: rib o' across the fore-end of the scoop-formed part of the cartridge-feeder that lifts
the cartridge and thereby facilitates its entrance into the cartridge chamber, a
projection o¹o prevents the cartridge-flange from falling down behind the upper
end of the cartridge feeder when this is down.
The cartridge feeder spring P Figures 20, 29 and 39 is formed with a front
slot p, in the rear it has also a notch p2 by which it is fastened to the screwed
lug a under the breech case A. The back arms of the spring have hooks p³ by
which it is held fast, when acting on the transverse pin of of the arm of the feeder,
thus this spring presses the cartridge feeder down, when free of the stopper Q of
the repeating mechanism. Through the pin o³ in the back-end of of the feeder
this spring also depresses an arm or hook 7 of the cartridge guard Q Figures 22ª
and 30.
The stopper Q Figures 21 and 31 of the repeating mechanism consists of a
handle having at one end a screw q that fits into a hole a24 Figures 14 and 31 on the
left side of the breech case. The end of the screw 9 bas a short stud q that has
one half of its diameter filed off to a D section that permits it when placed in one
position to pass through the slot 08 in the scoop of the cartridge feeder and wher
placed in the opposite position enters that part of the hole o in the scoop of the
cartridge feeder not filed out and thus keeps the feeder up and fixed and the gun
may then be worked just as if it had no magazine S. To keep the stopper steady in
its two positions the handle or arm q² is formed as a spring provided at the extremity
with a small projection 23³ that enters into a recess as in the outer side of the
breech case.
25
The cartridge guard R. Figure 22" consists of a balance lever the two arms or
ends and of which form an angle and it turns on its centre pin that works
in the hole a22 in the magazine-tube socket a Figures 14, 29, 30: The guard
has a tooth that enters into a slot opening a23 in the tube socket and hinders the
cartridge that comes from the magazine from getting further than to this claw
which is pressed into the eye in the tube socket a21 by the impulse that the feeder
spring gives to the feeder and its stud o at its lower front end; as this latter abuts
against the lower arm r³ of the guard and forces this down and thereby also the
teeth into the tube-socket a¹¹ this of course prevents the next cartridge from
following the one that has passed into the feeder. The pressure of the helical
magazine spring upon the cartridge, which is stopped against the claw of the guard,
keeps the claw in the socket as this pressure takes effect above the centre about
which the guard turns. The other impulse that the guard receives is also
communicated to it through the pin os, at the rear end of the feeder as this pin
when the cartridge-feeder is lifted pushes the upper arm of the guard forward
and thus draws the guard's claw 3 out of the tube socket a" and the cartridge
resting against the claw is made free and abuts against the lug on the fore end o*
of the feeder.
An end projection u Figures 28, 29 and 30 on the barrel extends into the loading
opening of the breech-case whereby the bullet points at the rapid forward move-
nients of the mechanism are prevented from being thrown up so high by the
- cartridge feeder as to abut against the edges of either the barrel or breech case
in the loading opening and thus hinder the cartridges from getting into their
places.
The mechanism proper of the gun is so constructed that it may also be used
either for a repeating gun with upper magazine or for a repeating gun with lower
magazine without removing or changing any of the parts of which the mechanism
consists.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed I declare that I claim
:
First The breech case A having a lateral slot a² a lateral recess a³ and curved
inclined faces a³ in combination with the closing block C having corresponding
parts 2 and 3 for the purposes of taking up the end thrust and, for causing au

page_text: effective extraction of the cartridge case substantially as described with reference
to Figures 1, 3 and. 14.
Second-The breech-case A having the recesses a4 a5 and a¹ for affixing the
upper magazine K; the lateral projections' a¹0 for attaching the spring P, the slot a¹8
and the pin o for connecting the cartridge-feeder O, the incline a¹ for guiding the
cartridge into said feeder, and the 'socket a" and the hole a for connecting the
lower magazine S, in combination with the upper magazine K, the spring P, the
cartridge feeder O, and the lower magazine S substantially as described with
reference to Figures 1, 10, 14 and 29.
Third. The breech case A having recesses a¹ and a¹³ in combination with the
upper magazine K substantially as described with reference to Figures 1, 10, 34
and 35.
-
Fourth. The breech-case A having recesses a¹ and as for affixing the upper
magazine K, in combination with the upper magazine K and with its cartridge
carrier L and with the closing block C having a curved plate ce for holding the
magazine K during firing and having an incline.c? for operating on the cartridge
carrier L for the magazine K in closing it substantially as described with reference
to Figures, 1, 3, 10, 34, 35 and 37.
Fifth. The breech bolt B having a lug 63 which is operated on by the claw c¹ of
the closing block C, and having the groove band the recess 65 for fixing the
extractor E substantially as described with reference to Figures 2, 29, and 37.
Sixth. The hollow bolt B having a lateral groove b2 for guiding the striker in
combination with the said striker F having a shoulder f for preventing injury to
the main spring G and other internal parts from gas pressure in case of a cap being
pierced and having a guiding feather f³ with a spring G and with means for
impelling the striker substantially as described with reference to Figures 2, 6, 29
and 37.
Seventh-The breech case A having incline recess a¹º in combination with the
hollow bolt B having a rear lug 68 and an outer groove b° with the block C having
a hollow pivot c and a claw c which engage with the bolt B with cartridge
feeder O operated thereby and having a rib o³ which is guided in the said groove bº
and takes the wear and friction from the nose o² and prevents in conjunction with
the recess a¹ the cartridge from leaving the feeder O before it has reached the
extremity of the opening in the breech-case at the rear of the feeder O, substantially
as described with reference to Figures 15, 29 and 30.
Eighth The extractor E having a knob e¹ for fastening one end to the slot b* on
the bolt B and serving to assist in removing the bolt and other moving parts from
the breech case having a knob e which enters a recess 65 on the bolt B for holding
the extractor in position, and having a head e³ the sides of which abut against the
stops a in the breech-case A in the backward movement of the bolt and other
moving parts of the mechanism and hold them in the breech-case and guide the
bolt, substantially as described with reference to Figure 5.
Ninth The cartridge-feeder O formning the bottom of the breech-case A and
connected thereto by pin o and having a slot of which operates in conjunction with
a half-round pin q¹ on the stopper for stopping the supply of cartridges from
the magazine S and having a pin of which operates a cartridge guard R for inter-
mittently admitting cartridges from the magazine S, substantially as described with
reference to Figure 19.
Tenth The cartridge guard R consisting of a double armed lever which is
operated on one arm or the other by the pin o³ of the cartridge feeder O, and
having a cam which opens and shuts for the cartridges as they are pushed out
of the magazine S substantially as described with reference to Figures 22ª and 29.
Eleventh-In combination with an upper magazine the cartridge carrier L which
works in the rear end of the bottom part of the magazine, an extractor and a stop
or guard M for shutting off the supply from the magazine and for being operated
by the extractor, the carrier L having also a rear projection 7 which is operated on

page_text: by the incline c on the closing block C substantially as described with reference to
Figures 10, 11,12, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38 and 39.
Twelfth In combination with a cartridge feeder O, operating as described the
projection u on the gun barrel formed with upper notch for the hook e* of the
extractor and with lower notch for the point of the cartridge to pass through for
the purpose of preventing the cartridge from being thrown out of the breech
substantially as described with reference to Figures 28, 29, 30 and 31.
Thirteenth-In combination with an upper magazine the bottom part or case K
having a cylindrical part for receiving a cartridge carrier, an eye ke for a stop
hook M a stud k for connecting to the breech case, a tongue which is held firmly
during firing by the rim co of the closing block C and guiding parts's k¹³ and k¹
for the cartridge substantially as described with reference to Figures 10, 11, 12, 13
32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38 and 39.
'
In witness whereof I the said Jacob Smith Jarmann have hereunto set
my hand and seal this Fifth day of June in the year of Our Lord one
thousand eight hundred and eighty three.
JACOB SMITH JARMANN (L.S.)