matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR STAMPING, DATING, INDICATING, CANCELLING, OR OTHERWISE IMPRESSING OR IMPRINTING MARKS OR DESIGNS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Barlow Ingham at thie
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd April 1868. A communication from abroad by Edward
Chamberlain, of New York, United States of America.
I, CHARLES BARLOW INGHAM, of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR STAMPING, DATING, INDICATING,
CANCELLING, OR OTHERWISE IMPRESSING OR IMPRINTING MARKS OR DESIGNS,'
which has been communicated to me from abroad by Edward
Chamberlain, of New York, United States of America, to be as
follows:-
The Invention relates to a description of stamping apparatus in
ordinary use, the impressions being caused by a stroke or blow of the
hand on one end of a spring supported lever, the framework, pad lever,
and spring being of ordinary construction.
The improvements consist in applying or adapting to the stamping or
depressible end of the spring supported lever one, two, or more discs
or rollers, the peripheries of which may bear numerals, dates, months,

page_text: and years, or any required design or device which are changeable and
required to be inserted and to appear as stamped in a permanent stamp
or design which is fixed (stamping surface downwards) on the stamping
end of the lever, such discs having registering holes and pins so as to
ensure correctness in the stamp. Parts of the permanent stamp or
plate are so cut away or removed that the numbers, dates, or devices
on the peripheries of the changeable discs may project through it and
so form part of the stamping or printing surface, and between this
surface and the pad on which the paper or article to be stamped is
placed a ribbon is extended which has been previously saturated with
suitable ink, the opposite ends of such ribbon being wound round two
small rollers, one to supply the saturated portion and the other to take
up the portion which has been exhausted of ink, by repeated impressions,
this advance of the ribbon may be effected by turning in the required
direction the two milled heads on the rollers, or the ribbon may be
endless and distended between the two rollers. Thus when the head or
depressible end of the lever is struck the design is impressed through
the ribbon which is supplied with ink or coloring matter and stamps or
imprints the design on the surface placed on the pad below.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TOOLS AND MECHANISM TO BE USED FOR CUTTING AND DRESSING STONE, ROCKS, OR OTHER SIMILAR MATERIALS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Hamilton and Jethro
Baxter Crawford at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 12th December 1868.
We, JOHN HAMILTON and JETHRO BAXTER CRAWFORD, both of
Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Engineers, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN TOOLS
AND MECHANISM TO BE USED FOR CUTTING AND DRESSING STONE, ROCKS, OR OTHER
SIMILAR MATERIALS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention, which relates to a new or improved tool to be used
for cutting and dressing stone, rocks, or other similar materials, consists
in using a thin blade of steel which is held in a suitable tool holder
attached to or forming part of a planing or slotting machine, slide rest,
or revolving disc. The thin blade of steel is placed in a groove or recess
made to receive it in the front part of the holder, and at the lower
or cutting end it is supported by a piece of metal projecting downwards
from the holder, so that as the cutting action is going on the projection
affords a rigid bearing to the tool. The tool holder is provided with a
screw rack and pinion, rollers, or other means for lowering the tool

page_text: as its lower end wears away, or it may be lowered by the hand of the
attendant workman.
Another arrangement of tool for the same purposes consists in fixing
a thin slip of steel in front of a bar of softer metal for giving it support,
so that as the cutting or dressing of the stone proceeds the softer metal
at the back wears away faster than the hard cutting edge in the front.
The cutting edge of the tool as well as the supporting piece is made
of any shape corresponding to the form in which it is desired to cut or
dress the stone. In either case the grinding action of the stone
maintains a constant cutting edge on the tool.
Another part of this Invention consists in methods of keeping the
tool cool, either by allowing water to circulate through the part of the
tool holder which supports the tool or by causing a jet of cold air to
blow against the cutting part of the tool.
AN IMPROVED IMPLEMENT FOR CUTTING HAY, STRAW, AND OTHER LIKE SUBSTANCES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Smith Fisher at the:
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th January 1868.
I, GEORGE SMITH FISHER, of Buffalo, New York, United States of
America, now of No. 8, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in
the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED IMPLEMENT FOR CUTTING HAY,
STRAW, AND OTHER LIKE SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
The object of the said Invention is the construction of an implement
for cutting hay, straw, and other materials from a mow, stack, or
truss, in a more convenient and expeditious manner than has been
hitherto practicable; and the said Invention consists chiefly in the
peculiar combination of a cutting blade or knife with two handles,
one of which is formed or fixed at the extremity of a rod or stem
which carries the knife while the other handle projects at right angles
from the said rod. The blade or knife is preferably made straight on
its cutting edge, and is arranged with the said edge at such an angle
with the rod or stem as to allow the force of the operator to be exerted
in the most advantageous manner upon the material being cut. The
rod or stem is provided with two arms or branches to carry the blade.

page_text: Each extremity of the latter is secured to one of the arms which
hold the said blade firmly and render the implement at once strong
and light, while the space left between such arms at the back of the
blade allows the pressure of the foot to be conveniently exerted upon
the same if it should be found necessary in using the implement.
The rod or stem, which may be of wood or metal, is made of such a
length that the implement can be advantageously used without stooping,
and therefore causes less fatigue to a given amount of work than other
cutting implements hitherto employed for similar purposes. The
handle at the end of the rod or stem is preferably formed by securing
a pin of convenient size in a loop or bow which is fixed or formed
upon the end of the rod or stem. The other handle is rivetted or
otherwise firmly secured in the stem at such a distance from the end
of the same as will allow one of the handles to be conveniently
grasped in each hand of the person using the implement. Both of
the handles are preferably provided with a quill or sleeve of wood to
prevent injury to the hand. The portion of the stem or rod between
the two handles, may be curved outward to prevent inconvenience in
using the implement from the close proximity of the handle to the
side of the mow, stack, or truss, from which the hay or other sub-
stance is being cut.
Iм- PROVEMENTS IN THE FORMATION OR CONSTRUCTION OF FORTIFICATIONS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Robinson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
January 1868.
I, THOMAS ROBINSON, of Widnes, in the County of Lancaster, Iron-
founder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN THE FORMATION OR CONSTRUCTION OF FORTIFICATIONS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in forming or constructing fortifications or
defences on land of large heavy masses of iron or steel, cast, that is to
say, allowed to solidify from the molten state in the position where
required. The iron or steel, cast as aforesaid, may rest on a foundation
and form the entire fort, or it may be made to cover or face masonry,
brick, or other work in whole or in part, but particularly at those
parts which immediately surround or are contiguous to gun openings
or embrasures. Fortifications of an almost impregnable character are
provided in this way at a comparatively low cost.
In practice I prefer to proceed as follows:-I erect cupolas or
furnaces and the requisite blowing arrangements on the spot where

page_text: the fortification is to be formed or the armour placed, and shape and
carefully dry the mould. I then charge the cupolas or furnaces, and
as the smelting proceeds allow the metal to flow directly or indirectly
into the moulds. Wrought iron or other rods placed in the moulds
serve to bind or hold the metal together.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE HEALDS OF LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph John Harrison and
Edward Harrison at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 25th February 1868.
We, JOSEPH JOHN HARRISON and EDWARD HARRISON, of Manchester,
in the County of Lancaster, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE HEALDS OF LOOMS
FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
Instead of forming the healds of yarn or of round metal wire as has
hitherto been the case, we employ thin flat metal ribbon similar to that
which is used in the construction of reeds for looms. This ribbon is
indented by means of a die or other suitable arrangement so as to
form depressions or half eyes on the flat side of the ribbon which being
made at equal distances and the ribbon doubled on itself the two
indentations come opposite each other and form eyes through which the
yarn of the warp is drawn, the ends of the eyes being soldered so as to
unite the two parts of the ribbon. At each end of the heald small
loops are formed by bending the ribbon over and then soldering it for

page_text: conveniently attaching the ribbons to the shafts to form the healds,
which may be done by threading them on steel or other suitable wire
rings or loops that are cut through at one part so as to open and permit
the ribbons being threaded on them. These rings or loops are then
slided on the heald shafts and the heald is complete.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Martin Rae at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th June
1868.
I, MARTIN RAE, of Up Hall, Linlithgowshire, North Britain, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS,"
to be as follows :-
Instead of the ordinary wick tube of one piece I make it in two parts
of any required dimensions connected together. For ordinary lamps I
make the lower part about three-eighths of an inch wide, and the upper
part of about two inches and threc-eighths in width, the top of the upper
part being of a curved or crescent shape. In the lower part I place an
ordinary wick, and in the upper part a thin cotton braiding, to which the
ordinary wick acts as a conductor of the oil, which passes in a wide and
thin layer through the braiding, and when ignited presents a wide and
thin flame which rapidly absorbs oxygen from the atmosphere and
renders the combustion much more complete than in an ordinary lamp
burner; and when light hydrocarbons are used I place at each side of
the top part a plate to deflect the air against the lower part of the flame.
To prevent the thin braiding from carbonizing too rapidly it is soaked in

page_text: a solution of alum and afterwards dried, and in some cases when burning
mineral oil it is advisable to add a small quantity of vegetable oil for
enabling the flame to be steady with a less consumption of oil. The
quantity of vegetable oil is slightly varied according to the specific
gravity of the mineral oil, but when the specific gravity is about 8.45°
one ounce of vegetable oil may be added to nine pounds of mineral oil.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREAKS FOR RAILWAY PURPOSES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Patrick Robertson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th August 1868.
I, PATRICK ROBERTSON, of 43, Mincing Lane, in the City of London,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN BREAKS FOR RAILWAY PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
I connect to any break by a flexible tube or other tube with flexible
joints a vessel containing dried sand, so that the sand may be admitted
through the break to act upon the wheel. The tube is fixed to the
back of the break, through which an aperture (or apertures) is made to
the front. I make grooves in front of the break, connected with the
aperture or apertures, which are kept full of sand when the break is
applied to the wheel. A good shape of groove is a funnel shape, ter-
minating an inch or two from the bottom of the break so as to keep
the groove filled with sand, and to prevent its falling out at the lower
end. The sand is allowed to pass from the vessel through the tube by
any ordinary valve under command of the breaksman.

page_text: My Invention also relates to the introducing into the ordinary wooden
break a metal or a combination of metals (such as lead, zinc, copper,
bismuth, antimony, or iron, or combinations of same, or any other
metal or combination of metals) softer than the tyre of the wheel intro-
duced into apertures made in the break. When the metal is run in in
a liquid state a good shape of aperture is this > extending to within
an inch or two of the back of break; this shape of aperture prevents
the metal from falling out. When the metal is fixed in solid a similar
shaped aperture (or apertures) is made entirely through the break, and
the metal is inserted from behind, and fixed at the back by a plate or
otherwise.
I also make improved breaks in the same way as above, but instead of
introducing metal into the apertures I use gutta percha, india-rubber,
either vulcanized or not, and compounds of the same with cork or other
similar material such as kamptulicon; the fixing of the same in the break
whether liquid or solid is the same as with the metals. The benefit of
these additions to the ordinary break (metal or others) is increased
gripping and retarding power, less charring of the break, and greater
durability.
AN IMPROVED LANTERN OR LIGHTING APPARATUS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexandre Desbonnet at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th October 1868.
I, ALEXANDRE DESBONNET, of Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
LANTERN OR LIGHTING APPARATUS," to be as follows:-
My Invention of a new lighting apparatus relates to lanterns or that
class of illuminating apparatus in which the flame or light is enveloped
or surrounded by a glass vase of a circular or other convenient form
which will protect the flame from the action of currents of air.
The object of the Invention is to construct this protecting vase in
such a manner that no shade will be thrown therefrom, and the rays of
light will not be obstructed by any framework made of opaque material.
This object is effected by constructing the body of the lantern of one
piece of glass of a circular or other convenient form, and supporting it
either by a ring from above, to which the top part or cover of the
lantern may be hinged, or by a kind of light tripod frame below, the
arms of which frame may be passed through small holes made in the
bottom of the glass. The burner passes up through a central hole at

page_text: the bottom of the glass, and another hole at the side of the burner is
made in the bottom of the lantern to admit a lighted taper to ignite
the gas or wick of the lamp. This hole may be closed by means of a
glass plate which is capable of being turned horizontally on the burner
as its axis.
NEW OR IMPROVED REMOVABLE COLLARS AND COMPORTERS COMBINED
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lewis James Paine at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
December 1868.
I, LEWIS JAMES PAINE, of Number Three hundred and sixty-six,
Oxford Street, in the County of Middlesex, Special Advertising Agent,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "NEW OR IMPROVED
REMOVABLE COLLARS AND COMPORTERS COMBINED," as follows, that is to say :-
This said Invention consists in a new or improved removable collar, or
collar and comforter combined for attaching above the ordinary fold
down collar of great coats, coats, waistcoats, jackets, cloaks, and other
upper garments made of fur, velvet, cloth, imitation fur cloth, or any
other suitable or fashionable material worn for comfort or elegance
round the neck.
One arrangement of this said Invention consists in making a collar of
fur or other material of similar shape but a little larger than the collar
over which it is to be worn, and fitting a long thin hook at each end,
and another similar hook at the back, and having small holes made in
the ordinary collar of the coat into which these hooks can be placed,

page_text: thus making a double or second collar which can be easily attached or
detached, and when required as a comforter the collar may be turned
up round the neck of the wearer with the fur inside, so that both collars
would then form a most comfortable and close-fitting cravat or muffler.
These collars and comforters may also be made sufficiently large to cover
the lappel of the coat, which when worn open would present an elegant
appearance, and when closed make an efficient chest and throat pro-
tector; and they may be so constructed with, say, velvet on one side
and fur on the other that they could be reversed and either side worn
uppermost to give variety of elegance and comfort. It will at once be
evident that they may be attached to the coat by various other simple
means, such as with loops of elastic, or button holes and buttons or
studs, or other equivalent, which may either be on the collar or on the
under side of the lappel or collar of the coat, or on both, or they may be
made of a light construction and attached to the inside of upright collars
which are not made to turn down, as a comforter or mufller only, or to
the collars of vests.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FINISHING, STRAIGHTENING, AND PUNCHING ROLLED RAILWAY AND OTHER BARS OF IRON AND STEEL
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Jones at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th March 1868.
I, JAMES JONES, of Consett Iron Works, in the County of Durham,
dò hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN FINISHING, STRAIGHTENING, AND PUNCHING ROLLED RAILWAY AND OTHER BARS
OF IRON AND STEEL," to be as follows:-
The first part of this Invention relates to apparatus for finishing off
the ends of railway and other forms of bars of iron or steel by
removing the burr or ragged edges caused by cutting off the ends (to
proper length of bar) by circular saws, as is well understood. For this
purpose, after the scrap ends have been cut off, the ends of the bar are
brought whilst hot opposite to metal caps or sockets, the inner surfaces
of which correspond in form to the section of the bar. The entrance to
each cap or socket is of larger capacity than the section of the bar to
be operated upon, tapering inwards so as to fit on to the ends of the
bar or nearly so, the inner surfaces of the caps or sockets by preference
being serrated or roughened so as to act as files when forced on to the
ends of the bar in order to remove the burr. Each cap or socket is

page_text: carried by a rod or slide attached to a piston, which can be moved to and
fro in a cylinder by means of steam, hydraulic, or other motive power,
in order to force the caps or sockets on to the ends of the bar, whereby
the burr or ragged edges produced by the rotary saws are removed.
Any other suitable mechanical means may be employed to force the
caps or sockets on to the ends of the bars for the purpose above
.described.
It is well known that railway bars, angle iron, and other forms of
metal bars in cooling after rolling warp, and require to be straightened
when cold, and are liable to be broken or injured by this operation.
Now according to the second part of my improvements, in order to
obtain perfectly straight bars, I place and clamp them whilst hot
(after being rolled and the ends cut off as previously described) in
channels or grooves formed in cast-iron boxes or plates, the grooves
in the two parts of the box or plate by preference corresponding in
form with that of the railway or other bar they are intended to
receive. By this means the bar thus enclosed in grooves between the
two cast-iron surfaces will set perfectly straight when cold. One, two,
or more sets of grooves may be arranged to receive bars in the same
box or plate if desired.
According to another part of my improvements the grooved boxes
or plates are formed with holes or openings in order that the holes
for the fish plates or other purposes may be punched whilst the bar
is hot and securely held within the box or between the plates.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BREECH-LOADING ACTIONS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Hargrove and Samuel
Hargrove at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 14th April 1868.
We, CHARLES HARGROVE and SAMUEL HARGROVE, junior, both of
Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturers, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF BREECH-LOADING ACTIONS," to be as follows:-
It is found in practice that certain parts of breech-loading actions
become fouled in consequence of the action of gas arising from exploded
gunpowder, and also from damp atmosphere producing oxidation of the
material employed.
Our Invention consists in the more efficient preservation of tlie Snider.
and other breech-loading actions. We effect this by electro-deposition.
of platinum or other suitable material that cannot oxidize as a coating:
upon the steel spiral and other springs, and to such other parts that in
use are found to foul or rust, and thereby impede or prevent the perfect.
action.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN HOLDING AND ATTACHING CRAVAT BOWS OR FRONTS TO SHIRT COLLARS, WHICH SAID IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE USE OF LADIES FOR ENCOMPASSING OR ATTACHING SCARFS OR KERCHIEFS OR OTHER ARTICLES OF DRESS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Harvey at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st
July 1868.
I, GEORGE HARVEY, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Jeweller, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN HOLDING AND ATTACHING CRAVAT BOWS OR FRONTS
TO SHIRT COLLARS, WHICH SAID IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE USE
OF LADIES FOR ENCOMPASSING OR ATTACHING SCARFS OR KERCHIEFS OR OTHER
ARTICLES OF DRESS," to be as follows (that is to say) :-
My Invention consists in constructing metallic holders as named in
the title of two parts, the back forming an open loop for passing over
and riding on a button or stud, and which part may be cut out of sheet
metal or economically formed of wire, and being secured on the back of
gentlemen's fashionable neckties may be applied or removed at pleasure
by the loop at the back being passed over the stud or button of the
shirt collar; but in a general way I prefer connecting with the back loop
an ornamental front bar capable of receiving settings of precious stones,
small photographs, or other ornamental devices by means of a hinge or

page_text: other convenient joint, and uniting the other end together by a suitable
detent. The whole may be removed and applied at pleasure for the
holding and attaching of gentlemen's neckties or scarfs, as well as similar
or like articles of ladies' apparel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FRAMES OR HOLDERS POR LAMP SHADES OR GLASSES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hender Treverton and Edward
Henry Fowler at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 23rd March 1868.
We, HENDER TREVERTON, of Duke Street, West Smithfield, in the
City of London, Manufacturer, and EDWARD HENRY FOWLER, of
Brixton, in the County of Surrey, Clerk, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FRAMES OR HOLDERS POR LAMP
SHADES OR GLASSES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention of improvements in frames or holders
for lamp shades or glasses is to construct the frame or holder in
such a manner that the glasses or shades may be divided into sections
or plates of suitable form and convenient size which may be placed in
the frame, in which if desired they may be held without the necessity
of using springs or catches. These pieces of glass or other material
may be ornamented with any pattern, and are cut in the form of
a
The frame is by preference made of metal, and is composed
of thin flat bars which radiate from a central socket which may be

page_text: fitted to or screwed on the burner. The metal bars are provided with
short clips or ears into which the glass or other slips are inserted, and
are supported by the ears which may be formed in various ways, either
by filing or planing them out of the solid so as to form grooves in the
bars, or they may be made separately and soldered on, or they may be
made by making saw cuts in the ends of the frames, and bending up
the split ends into the required form.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CIGARS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Archer at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th November
1868.
I, CHARLES ARCHER, of Holloway Road, in the County of Middlesex,
Cigar Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CIGARS," to be as follows,
that is to say:-.
The object of this Invention is the manufacture of cigars so that
they shall burn more regularly and more slowly than as at present
made.
To carry out the Invention in the manufacture of the cigar in the
ordinary way, I form on its circumference, by means of pressure,
longitudinal grooves or channels varying in number, shape, and size
according to requirements.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CHANDELIERS, BEDSTEADS, TIN AND IRON CANS, KETTLES, AND PANS, AND SUCH OTHER DOMESTIC ARTICLES AS HAVE HITHERTO BEEN MADE OF EXPENSIVE METALS, SUCH AS COPPER AND BRASS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Horner at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
July 1868.
I, FREDERICK HORNER, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CHANDELIERS, BEDSTEADS, TIN AND IRON
CANS, KETTLES, AND PANS, AND SUCH OTHER DOMESTIC ARTICLES AS HAVE
HITHERTO BEEN MADE OF EXPENSIVE METALS, SUCH AS COPPER AND BRASS," to
be as follows:-
My Invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of such
articles as chandeliers, bedsteads, tin or iron cans, kettles, and pans,
and other articles of domestic use which have been hitherto made of
brass or copper, and have consequently been expensive of manufacture.
The improvements consist in the application of copper to the exterior
surface of an inferior or base metal of which I propose to manu-
facture or construct such articles. For example, a chandelier now
made of brass may be made of cast iron and a coating of copper may be
applied thereto by means of electrotyping apparatus, and the surface of
copper deposited may be polished, or if required to resemble brass the

page_text: application of brass lacquer will effect the object, and by such means
the production of numerous articles of which the above are mentioned.
as examples may be considerably economised and better designs may
be obtained in cast iron or in zinc or similar metals than could be
afforded in solid brass or copper.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING FILTERING SURFACES FOR THE DEPURATION OF FLUIDS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Needham and James
Kite at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 18th May 1868.
We, WILLIAM NEEDHAM and JAMES KITE, both of Vauxhall, in the
County of Surrey, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PREPARING FILTERING SURFACES FOR THE
DEPURATION OF FLUIDS," to be as follows:-
The difficulty of obtaining a textile fabric or other filtering medium
of equal density throughout has long been an obstacle to the depuration
and brightening of fluids upon an extensive scale.
In treating semi-fluids with the object of obtaining a bright liquor
the lees themselves form a valuable auxiliary filtering medium, and it
has been sought when operating upon fluids to supply the want of lees
by coating the filtering surfaces with some neutral substance capable of
adding to their density without injuriously affecting the liquid, but it
has hitherto been found impossible to apply such coating so as to secure
an equal density throughout, every effort in this direction having proved
practically useless.

page_text: After repeated experiments we have arrived at a simple, certain, and
practical means of obtaining filtering surfaces of equal density in every
part.
Our Invention is based upon the application of neutral substances on
filtering surfaces by the agency of the fluid under treatment operating
under pressure.
Assuming, for example, that we are about to depurate and brighten
beer, using one of our own presses and adopting as neutral substance
silicate of alumina, which we have found to answer well in this appli-
cation, we take a certain quantity of the silicate of alumina (say, from
10 to 12 ozs. to the foot area of filtering surface) and mix it intimately
with several gallons of the fluid to be depurated and brightened. We
then force this preparation into the filtering cloths in the ordinary
manner, and the pressure being equal everywhere the fluid naturally
escapes most rapidly where the filtering medium is least dense and there
deposits the silicate it holds in suspension in greater quantity than where
the flow is more sluggish, and this goes on until by successive deposits
every part of the filtering medium becomes of an equal and suitable
density, which will be ascertained by the condition of the liquor issuing.
from the press. The process of depuration may then be carried on con-
tinuously for an almost indefinite period without the addition of more
neutral substance, but the coating may be added to in a similar manner
at any time during the operation, although as a rule the coating will
not require renewing excepting at the commencement of each fresh
operation.
This process may be applied in every machine for filtering fluids under
pressure, by force or by exhaust, and the neutral substance employed will
depend upon the nature and condition of the fluid under treatment.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WEIGHING MACHINES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Marrian at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
September 1868.
I, HENRY MARRIAN, of King's Heath, in the County of Worcester,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN WEIGHING MACHINES," to be as follows: -
My Invention has reference to those kinds of weighing machines
commonly called platform weighing machines, that is to say, weighing
machines in which the goods or articles to be weighed are through the
intervention of levers balanced by weights .much lighter than the said
goods or articles, the said weights being supported from the machine by
a hooked rod or bar called the weight bar.
My Invention has for its object to indicate upon a divided or
graduated scale the total value of the weights employed to balance the
goods or articles to be weighed, instead of ascertaining the total value

page_text: by adding together the weights used as is usual. I effect the object
described by constructing the weight bar in the following manner :-I
make the said bar in two parts, the upper part or bar being hooked or
attached to the machine, and the lower part or bar carrying the weights,
the said bars being connected together by a spring. When the weights
are placed upon the lower bar the spring is made to change its figure
and to cause an index finger to traverse a divided scale and indicate
thercon the amount of the weights used. The amount of the weights
placed on the bar may be transmitted to the index finger in the following
way: The top of the lower bar carrying the weights is connected to a
spiral spring, the top of the said spring being fixed to the upper bar.
An index finger is attached to one of the bars and a divided scale to the
other bar. By placing a weight upon the weight bar the coiled spring
is elongated until its tension counterbalances the weight, when the
amount of the weight will be indicated upon the divided scale by the
index finger. Instead of making the weights effect the elongation of
the spring they may be made to effect its compression. Or the following
arrangement may be used:-A spindle is attached to and works in the
upper bar, the said spindle carrying an index finger and pinion. A
spring is coiled around the said spindle, its inner cnd being attached to
the said spindle, and its outer end to the upper bar. The lower bar
carrying the weights is provided with a toothed rack, which gears with
the pinion on the spindle described. When a weight is placed upon the
lower bar the rack descends and gives motion to the pinion and spindle,
and causes the index finger to traverse the divided scale and indicate
thereon the amount of the weight on the weight bar, the spring attached
to the spindle arresting the latter's motion at that point where the
tension of the spring equals the weight employed, as in the first-
described arrangement.

page_text: placed on the weight bar or other part of the weighing machine to
balance the goods or articles to be weighed will be indicated on a divided
or graduated scale.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Wesney Stapleton at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 7th August 1868.-A communication from abroad by Pierre
Achille Gauthrin and Auguste Pierre Guyot, both of Bordeaux, in
the Empire of France..
I, THOMAS WESNEY STAPLETON, of Regent Street; in the County of
Middlesex, Wine Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in that class of breech-loading:
fire-arms in which the central-fire or rim-fire cartridge is employed, and..
has for its object to ensure greater simplicity (and consequently economy)
of construction of the parts, together with greater efficiency and pro-
tection from injury to the working parts and ammunition from dust,
damp,, and other, external causes than has been hitherto effected. To
this end a striking and locking bolt is employed, which acts on a striking
or firing pin in the breech block, and, thereby explodes the cartridge,.
This striking bolt together with the hammer which actuates it. are
enclosed inside the lock of the gun, thereby presenting no opening for

page_text: the admission of dust or damp, and preventing the hammer from coming
in contact with any external object. The striking and locking bolt
instead of being hinged to the head of the hammer, as is the case in
other rifles of this description, is mounted independently of the hammer,
the head of which enters a recess or notch at the end of the bolt. The
bolt is thus capable of being shot backwards and forwards in the top of the
lock. The arm is cocked from below by means of a lever which forms the
trigger guard, and which turns on a pin at its forward end, and carries a
short lever provided at the upper end with a stud that works in a slotted
arm mounted on or attached to the front of the hammer. It will now
be understood that by pulling down the rear end of the trigger guard the
hammer will be forced back and cocked, nicks or notches being made on
the under side of the hammer to receive the sear. The tail of the
hammer is linked direct to the mainspring, and therefore no sear spring
is employed. A small spring is placed in front of the trigger guard for
the purpose of keeping it back in its place.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF PRESERVING NATURAL FLOWERS AND LEAVES OF TREES AND PLANTS FOR ORNAMENTAL AND USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Josiah Saward at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
November 1868.
I, JOSIAH SAWARD, of Saint Paul Street, Islington, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS OF PRESERVING NATURAL FLOWERS AND LEAVES
OF TREES AND PLANTS FOR ORNAMENTAL AND USEFUL PURPOSES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the means of pre-
serving or protecting flowers or leaves in their natural state, and
enabling them to take the place of artificially prepared flowers and
leaves, or other parts of trees or plants.
In order to accomplish these results the tree or plant or flower or
leaves are taken while in a perfectly dry condition and dipped or other-
wise coated with a prescrvative solution in the form of an adhesive
varnish of a rapidly drying nature, and not containing much water,
consequently a spirit or hydrocarbon varnish is to be preferred, and a
colorless varnish of bleached shellac and spirits of wine or rectified

page_text: spirits of wood naptha will be found to answer the purpose. By the
use of such coatings the leaf or flower is rendered impervious to the
access of the air, or of dampness or moisture, and thus the leaf or flower
will be preserved in its natural form in a rigid or partially rigid con-
dition. In some cases where the plant or flowers are to be kept as
ornaments under a glass shade an ordinary adhesive solution may be
used without the necessity of a waterproof solution. So long as sufficient
strength is afforded by the coating when dry to preserve the natural
position of the plant or flower treated the object of the Invention will
be effected.
Plants, shrubs, and flowers protected in this manner will present a
bright appearance, and the various colors will be materially heightened,
and the effect will in every case be far superior to any artificial pre-
parations; moreover, the expense will be greatly reduced, and tropical
or other exotic plants and flowers may be collected and preserved at
once for transportation, thus avoiding the necessity of making com-
plicated drawings therefrom.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Holt and Henry
Spencer at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 6th April 1868.
We, THOMAS HOLT and HENRY SPENCER, both of Rochdale, in the
County of Lancaster, Agents, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING
COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates, first, to interposing between the wood bush of
the bobbin (in throstles and doubling frames) and the spindle a metallic
substance which shall be fastened to the bobbin and revolve with it;
by this means the bobbin will last longer and the drag can easier be
regulated.
Secondly. In throstles and doubling frames we propose to make
the guide wires so that the thread or yarn can be placed in front of
the same; this wire we bend both to the right and left hand of the
shank, that is, screwed into the wire board; by this means the wire
is balanced and one end of the wire will answer the purpose of a snarl

page_text: catcher. We also propose in some cases to use a lock nut on the
shank of the guide wire to help to fasten it in the wire board.
Thirdly. We propose to form the wires in the traverse rods that
guide the yarn to the rollers of throstles, doublers, and mules with a
long slit for the yarn to pass through instead of a round hole, as
generally used.
AN IMPROVED SHIPS' BLOCK
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Mathurin Rives at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
June 1868.
I, MATHURIN RIVES, of Paris, Rue St. Antoine, No. 156, Merchant,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
SHIPS' BLOCK," to be as follows:-
An essential feature of this block consists in its strapping with
multiple supports for the purpose of giving greater strength than the
arrangements hitherto adopted by affording two points of support to
the axis or spindle of each sheave or pulley. Thus for three sheaves,
for example, the new strapping gives six points of support to the
spindle, whereby the width or size of the block is diminished five-sixths.
I can with this arrangement employ spindles or axles of much smaller
diameter, and consequently make the rotation of the sheaves softer
and easier. The multiple strapping of my block is free to oscillate,
being suspended by a movable hook, which permits it to readily adopt
all desirable inclinations. The lower ring, which receives the return
end or standing part of the tackle is also movable, and thus permits of
the unrolling of the rope to render the work less laborious. The three

page_text: sheaves have a common axle or spindle which passes through the body
of the block. The spindle has as before stated two supports for each
sheave; these supports are given by three pairs of arms of the multiple
strapping; these arms are traversed by the spindle of the sheaves, and
are suspended from an axle or pin above rivetted to the fork of a hook;
the hook is fixed to the fork by a nut.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Arnold at the Office' of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th August
1868.
I, JOHN ARNOLD, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Engineer and
Boiler Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM BOILERS," to be as follows :-
This Invention relates to what are known as "upright" or vertical
steam boilers, and more especially to such as are provided with a cross
tube (or two or more cross tubes) running through the fire-box and
forming a connection between the water space on opposite sides of the
fire-box.
The Invention consists principally in inserting a hemispherical, dish-
shaped, conical, or other similarly shaped shallow auxiliary water space
in the fire-box between the top of the latter and the upper side of the
cross tube (or of the upper cross tube, if more than one is used), and in
connecting this auxiliary water space at the lower side of the cross tube
by a short tube or ring and at the upper side with the water space above
the top of the fire-box by means of two, four, or other convenient
number of tubes rivetted, screwed, or otherwise fixed to the upper

page_text: side of the auxiliary water space and to the top of the fire-box, so that
there may be a free circulation of water between the water space above
the fire-box, the auxiliary water space, and the cross tube.
I may here remark that in cases where the top of the fire-box is flat
I prefer to make the top of the auxiliary water space flat also, but
where the top of the fire-box is curved or dome-shaped I prefer to make
the top of the auxiliary space of a similar form, leaving a space between
the two for the passage of the flames and heated gases to the chimney
or smoke flue which is fixed to and communicates with the centre of
the top of the fire-box as usual in this class of steam boilers.
Boilers constructed according to my Invention are particularly
suitable for portable, traction, and stationary engines, and for placing
over puddling furnaces used in the manufacture of wrought iron and
steel, and generally whereever steam or steam power is required, and
will be found very economical in use as the steam is very quickly raised,
and the application of the auxiliary water space in the form and position
described assists greatly in the combustion of the smoke and inflam-
mable gases, and hence effects a great economy in the consumption of
fuel.
AN IMPROVED SYSTEM AND APPARATUS FOR REGISTERING THE NUMBERS OF PASSENGERS TRAVELLING IN OR ON OMNIBUSES AND OTHER CONYENANCES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Rudolph Wappenstein and
Richard Ray at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 10th June 1868.
We, RUDOLPH WAPPENSTEIN and RICHARD RAY, of the City of
Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED SYSTEM AND APPARATUS FOR
REGISTERING THE NUMBERS OF PASSENGERS TRAVELLING IN OR ON OMNIBUSES
AND OTHER CONYENANCES," to be as follows:-
For omnibuses we employ for each journey or stage of the journey a
double meter for the inside and another double meter for the outside,
one division of each meter being used for indicating the entrance, and
the other the departure of the passengers, and in one or more conspicuous
positions we place dials and fingers to be used as checks or tell-tales.
Each division of the meter is worked by a catch lever put in motion by
the hand or foot of the conductor when a passenger enters and leaves
the omnibus, each movement causing a bell to be struck and the
indicating finger moved one division of the dial, and if the same
movement that works the meter is in communication with the tell-
tale the passengers can detect whether the conductor has rigidly per-

page_text: formed his duty. At the end of the single or double journey the
conductor removes the meters, one shewing the number of passengers
who have entered the omuibus and the other the number of those who
have left, and if these numbers agree and the receipts correspond, it
is evident no peculation has taken place. When the journey is divided
into two or more stages the meters are removed at the end of each
stage and fresh ones supplied. The meters removed at the first stage
indicate the number of inside and outside passengers who have entered
and left the omnibus; the second meters indicate the number of fresh
passengers and those who have left during the second stage; and the
last meters indicate the number of passengers taken up for the last
stage and the number who finally leave the omnibus, the conductor
moving the catch lever and working the meter at the departure of
each passenger. And when the cashier examines the different dials, the
numbers of passengers for the different stages can be determined. For
working each meter we employ an improved catch lever for giving move-
ment to a toothed wheel one tooth at a time. To each lever is jointed a
plate carrying a pin or catch, which plate is kept in its working position
by a spring, and when the lever is moved one way the catch nioves
the wheel, but when moved the reverse way the spring yields and
allows the catch to return without affecting the wheel. The meters
may have several dials for indicating units, tens, and hundreds, and
be applied to steam boats and all other objects or purposes where
checks are required.