REFINING IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND EFINING VE SUGAR
Year: 1853

page_text: CI
LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Brandeis, of Great. Tower Street, in:
the County of Middlesex, Sugar Refiner, for the Invention of.
REFINING
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND EFINING VE
SUGAR."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Brandeis at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 26th February 1853.....
I, JOSEPH BRANDEÍS, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
5 tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND REFINING OF SUGAR" to
be as follows:-.
I employ the subacetate or other salts of lead, or salts of tin, zinc,
bismuth, or other metallic salts; for the purpose of precipitating or
removing the impurities of the sugar from cane-juice, or other solution
of sugar; and I remove the excess of the metallic salts by passing the
saccharine solution through a filter of charcoal obtained from shale or
bituminous schist.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Joseph Brandeis, in the Great Seal Patent Office,
on the 26th August 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
JOSEPH BRANDEIS, of Great Tower Street, in the County of Middlesex,
Sugar Refiner, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-sixth day of February, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the
sixteenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Joseph Brandeis, Her special licence
that I, the said Joseph Brandeis, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Joseph Brandeis, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should 'at any time agree with; and, no
others, from time to. time and 'at all times thereafter, during the term
therein expressed; should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE AND REFINING OF SUGAR," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Joseph Brandeis, by an instrument
in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly, describe, and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention," and in what manner the
same.. was to be performed; and cause the same to, be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and; im-
mediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW. YE, that I, the said Joseph Brandeis, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof (that is to say):
.
The Invention consists in using charcoal obtained by carbonizing
shale or bituminous schist for the purpose of removing the ex
cess of lead, or of tin, zinc, or bismuth, from solutions of sugar

page_text: or cane juice; when salts of such metals are employed for defecating
the same.
1
brid
CAN
In refining, raw, sugar, I employ, from one to two per cent. of the
weight of the sugar, of subacetate of lead, which is dissolved in water,
and mixed with the solution of sugar; and I pass the solution through
a bag filter to separate the precipitate which forms. The filtered liquor
contains the excess of lead in solution. I then pass the filtered liquor
through a bed or beds of charcoal, from five, to six feet deep (more or
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less), obtained by carbonizing 'shale or bituminous schist. "The lead
which had remained in solution in the liquor is separated by the shale:
charcoal. The liquor which passes through the charcoal is tested in
the ordinary manner to ascertain its. perfect freedom from lead and it
is then crystallized in the ordinary manner." "The process;
process is the same
when other salts of lead are employed, or when salts of tin, zinc, or
bismuth are employed to defecate the solution of sugar.
Cane juice
When
or other solutions of sugar are treated in a similar manner.
the juice or other solution is acid, its acidity is first neutralized by the
addition of hydrate or carbonate of lime, and it is then treated as above
described.
The charcoal is prepared by carbonizing shale or bituminous schist
in a retort or crucible in a similar manner to that in which animal
charcoal is prepared, or in a similar manner to that in which coal is
carbonized and converted into coke in the manufacture of coal gas.
The shale or schist charcoal is granulated, and made into filter beds
in a similar manner to that in which animal charcoal is employed for
filtering and decolorizing sugar.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I
do not claim as my Invention the application of salts of lead or other
metallic salts in the manufacture and refining of sugar; nor do I claim
the employment of shale or schist charcoal for filtering solutions of
sugar which have not been previously treated with metallic salts; but
what I claim is the application of shale or schist charcoal for separating
the excess of lead, tin, zinc, or bismuth from solutions of sugar which

page_text: have been defecated by salts or compounds of such metals as herein-
before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Brandeis, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of August, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.
JOS. BRANDEIS. (L.S.)
Witness, CHARLES COWPER,
20, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, London.