matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN PROJECTILES. FOR ORDNANCE, AND FIRE- ARMS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the.
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
31st August 1868.-A communication from abroad by W. H.
Shock, of Washington, District of Columbia, United States of
America.
13.
I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the "International Patent Office,"
No. 8, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of
Middlesex, Consulting Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PROJECTILES. FOR ORDNANCE, AND FIRE-
ARMS," a communication, to be as follows:-
The chief object of my Invention is to construct solid and hollow:
projectiles for ordnance in such a manner as. to obviate the necessity.
of rifling or spirally grooving the bore of the gun to impart the desired
rotary or spinning motion to the projectile. I accomplish this object.
in the following manner :-The rear end of the exterior surface of the
projectile is grooved or channelled in such a manner as to form thereon:
spiral blades or shoulders. From each of these grooves a longitudinal
passage or perforation extends to the forward part of the projectile.
=

page_text: when the latter is expelled from the gun air rushes through each of
the passages, and impinging upon the spiral blades or shoulders gives
to the projectile the desired axial rotation. Thus the rifling or grooving
of the gun is rendered entirely unnecessary, and the expense and other
disadvantages of such rifling are entirely avoided.
My improved projectiles may be made of cast iron, steel, or other
metal, and of any desired weight and dimensions. For convenience of
manufacture it may be advantageous to construct the said projectile in
two or more longitudinal pieces or sections, in which case I prefer to
unite the said pieces by shrinking over them a band or hoop of wrought
iron or other suitable metal. The longitudinal air passages are
preferably made broad and flat, and so near the periphery of the
projectile as to leave only a thin shell of metal on their outer side;
these passages open at their forward end into grooves or recesses, which
allow the air meeting the projectile to enter freely into the said passages.
The nose of the projectile may be made square or pointed, or of any
other desired shape. I prefer to form the said projectile with three
of the spiral grooves and blades, but the same may be provided with
any desired number of such blades, and the twist or pitch of the said
spiral grooves and blades may be varied to any required extent.
It is obvious. that my improvements are as well adapted to the
. construction of shells or hollow projectiles as to solid shot. Such shells
may be made of any desired size, and may be charged and provided with
ignition in any suitable and convenient manner.
The said improvements may also be applied to projectiles for breech-
loading rifles and other fire-arms.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Claverhouse Alfred McCurd
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 29th January 1868.
I, CLAVERHOUSE ALFRED MCCURD, of Camberwell, in the County of
Surrey, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
The first part of my Invention has at the upper part a horizontal re-
volving shaft, at the left hand end of which is fixed a disc, having a crank
pin on its face, which works in a slot in the needle slide. At the back
of the disc is another crank pin which gives a lifting motion to the
feed lever (the feed motion being given from the edge of the disc), and
at the right-hand end of the shaft is a crank arrangement from which
a link descends to a crank which is fixed to the lower shaft. At the
other end of this shaft is a hook.
The second part of my Invention sews from two threads, and in
principle the upper part is the same as previously described. At the
lower part instead of a hook there is an eye-pointed looper (recessed);
this looper is fixed to the shaft, which has an endwise motion in
addition to the vibrating motion. The top shaft has a toothed wheel
fixed to it, which is driven by another toothed wheel mounted below.

page_text: In the third part of my Invention the working parts derive their
motion from two revolving shafts, one of which is horizontal and the
other vertical, geared together with two bevelled wheels. The needle
slide is worked by a crank pin acting in' a slot, and the shuttle is
likewise worked by a crank motion from the bottom of the vertical
shaft. The fabric is fed in the same manner as herein-before described.
In carrying out this Invention I do not confine myself to the precise
mode of feeding the fabric herein-before described, as this may be
varied in many respects without departing from the principle of my
Invention.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TURBINE APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING POWER PROM A FALL OF WATER
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick William Crohn at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 24th March 1868.
I, FREDERICK WILLIAM CROHN, of 4, Cullum Street, Fenchurch
Street, in the City of London, Consulting Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TURBINE APPARATUS
FOR OBTAINING POWER PROM A FALL OF WATER," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for
obtaining power from a fall of water. The best method at present in
use of obtaining power from a fall of water is by means of what is
known as the Janvin or parallel flow turbine, in which the water is
made to descend past directing blades which give to it a vortical move-
ment on to a wheel beneath the directing blades, such wheel having
blades inclined in a direction opposite to the directing blades, and the
water in striking the blades of the wheel loses its vortical movement
and imparts a rotation to the wheel. Such turbines have hitherto
been made with a step or bearing to support the lower end of the
shaft of the wheel and carry its weight and that of the wheel; but this
is a very inconvenient arrangement, for the step being under water it

page_text: cannot be efficiently lubricated and access to it is difficult. According
to my Invention I carry the weight of the shaft and wheel by means
of a thrust bearing at a distance above the wheel, this bearing being
such as is used with screw propellor shafts, that is to say, a number of
annular grooves are formed in the bearing, and corresponding collars
or flanges on the shaft fit into them, and on these collars or flanges
the weight of the shaft and wheel hangs. In order to steady the
wheel another bearing is employed immediately above it, and this
bearing I make with lining strips of hard wood, as is also practised in
constructing the stem bearings of screw propellor shafts. This bearing
I cast with or fix to the casting with which the directing blades are
formed, and this casting fits into a ring or socket in such manner that
the wheel, the directing blades, and lower bearing may all be lifted
together by tackle applied to the upper end of the shaft so as to admit
of the turbine being readily examined.
AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR MOWING AND REAPING
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Walker Morgan, of 42, Upper Sackville
Street, Dublin, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR
MOWING AND REAPING."
Sealed the 16th March 1869, and dated the 26th August 1868..

page_text: or finger bar, and turned up, so as to form a bed upon and against which
the knives rest and cut, and which imparts greatly increased strength
and rigidity to the "finger bar," also in making the fingers or guards
of malleable iron with a steel cutting edge and without the usual cross
or shoulder, and also in making the "tilting" or
partly close sheeted and partly skeleton.
or "delivery board "
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND. APPARATUS FOR HEATING CONSERVATORIES AND OTHER SIMILAR HOUSES OR STRUCTURES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Kerr at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
February 1868.
I, ROBERT KERR, of Paisley, in the County of Renfrew, North
Britain, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND. APPARATUS FOR HEATING
CONSERVATORIES AND OTHER SIMILAR HOUSES OR STRUCTURES," to be as follows,
that is to say :—
This Invention has for its object the employment of saturated steam
or heated aqueous vapour for promoting the growth of exotic plants,
early plants, and fruit trees in conservatories and other houses or
structures, and consists in a certain method of and apparatus for pro-
ducing heated aqueous vapour within such houses in any desired volume
or density, which by being produced in such manner is specially
advantageous to the growth of such plants.
The apparatus consists of a trough or other suitable vessel placed
in any convenient part of the conservatory, and one or more pipes
leading from a steam boiler or an air or gas reservoir is or are led

page_text: through or into the trough, so that when the latter is filled with water
or other liquid the heat from the steam or hot air or gas pipe or pipes
speedily converts the surrounding water into saturated steam or
aqueous vapour. A sufficient supply of water may be maintained in
the trough for a continuous supply of steam, or it may only be charged
at intervals, according as the nature and age of the plants may require.
It will thus be seen that the equivalent of a moist and warm atmosphere
is thus artificially maintained for facilitating the growth of the plants
as long as may be necessary without any appreciable loss of heat from
the pipes, and when the plants or trees are sufficiently advanced in
growth or ripeness a blast or current of hot air is introduced by fanners
or other convenient means.
As constituting this Invention, and as novel and original, it is intended
to claim the special mode of and the construction of apparatus (con-
sisting of a vessel with pipes or passages in it through which steam
or hot air or. gas passes, and surrounded by water or other liquid)
for the purpose of producing aqueous vapour charged or not with other
substances as the equivalent of a moist and warm atmosphere for
the purposes herein-before set forth, whereby the injurious effects
of an anhydrous artificial atmosphere, as hitherto employed, are
avoided.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OR ORNAMENTATION OF TAPE MEASURE CASES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Cowling and William
Turner at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 14th January 1868.
We, ALFRED COWLING and WILLIAM TURNER, of Ecclesall Road,
Sheffield, in the County of York, Brass Turners, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION
OR ORNAMENTATION OF TAPE MEASURE CASES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the construction
or ornamentation of cases to contain tape measures, wherein the measure
is coiled or wound on a spindle contained in a circular box or case.
We propose to pierce or stamp out orifices or spaces in the sides of the
cases of any form required, and to apply underneath such spaces a disc
of leather, or other fabric, embossed, colored, or plain, or any other
material, forming with the spaces an ornamental surface to the case.
The material is secured within the pierced portion of the case by a solid
metal disc chamfered or burred to the pierced disc. Hitherto the cases
of tape measures have been plain or chased, but according to our
Invention they are pierced or stamped out, and applied in combination
with a fabric or material which gives an ornamental appearance; the
pierced or stamped exterior of the case and the fabric or material being
secured by an additional interior solid disc within each side of the case.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF FABRICS FOR THE PURPOSE OF IMITATING SKINS OF ANIMALS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Preston Worrall at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th February 1868.
I, JAMES PRESTON WORRALL, of Ordsall, in the County of Lancaster,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF FABRICS FOR THE PURPOSE OF IMITATING
SKINS OF ANIMALS," to be as follows:-
The improvements consist in submitting certain descriptions of woven
fabrics to the following treatment or process in order that a peculiar
fur-like surface may be produced thereupon. The woven fabrics I
employ are made either wholly of silk or partly of silk and partly of
cotton (or other inferior fibres) and usually termed "union silk fabrics,"
and they are first submitted to the action of a machine termed a
"raising" machine, which "raises" the long silk fibres out of the
fabric, and after this operation has been continued for a sufficient
time the "raised" piece is to be dyed and finished in a similar manner
to silk or "union silk" velvets or plushes.

page_text: The feature of the Invention consists in the combination of the various
processes to produce a fur-like surface on certain woven fabrics in
imitation of the skins of animals, such as seal or beaver skins, for
example.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF CONVEYING ROTARY MOTION TO AXLES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Kenelm John Winslow at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd October 1868.
I, KENELM JOHN WINSLOW, of Montpelier Row, Twickenham, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF CONVEYING ROTARY MOTION
TO AXLES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of an improved method of conveying rotary
motion to axles in connection with the apparatus for that purpose
patented by me, and for which Her Majesty's Letters Patent were
granted 25th January 1868. Instead of the ratchet, pawl, and device
for lifting the pawl on and off the ratchet, as set forth in the last-
mentioned Letters Patent, I use a flexible band, such as a chain, strap,
gut line, or other pliable material, one end of which is fastened to the
drum, which drum is described in the last-mentioned Letters Patent, or
to a loose pulley used to give rotary motion to the axle. The other end
of such band after it has been wound several times round the axle
is attached to a drag having a movement independent of the drun
and axle. This drag may either work on a stationary bearing interiorly

page_text: or exteriorly of the drum, or on a bearing at the side of the drum or
on the axle itself, in all of which cases its free movement would be
slightly retarded by a steel clip, friction break, or other convenient
A stop or pin is so adapted on the drum as to move this drag
round with it when it has done its work, which is to tighten the end
of the band when the drum or motive pulley is moved in the direction
in which it is desired to rotate the axle. The action is thus:-The drum
being rotated in the direction in which the axle is to be turned the drag
holds the end of the band so that it becomes tightened on and grips the
axle, which accordingly turns round with it; when the motion is reversed
the end of the band is loosened by the drag sufficiently to free the
axle, when the stop or pin previously mentioned meeting the drag
carries it and the band back with the drum until the motion is reversed,
when the band is again instantly tightened on the axle. The advantage
of this plan over the ratchet pawl, lift, &c. as previously patented by me
is that it answers the same purpose with greater simplicity and at
considerable saving of expense in the construction. I retain this method
of rotation for all purposes and manners to which my Patent of 25th
January 1868 was applicable, that is, in all cases in which an axle is to
be rotated, and I may also further make use of it in various other cases
in which a cheap and effective method is required for imparting,
transferring, or retarding motions.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CUTTING SOAP
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles William Guttridge at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 6th February 1868.
I, CHARLES WILLIAM GUTTRIDGE, of Landport, in the County of
Hampshire, Grocer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR CUTTING SOAP," to be as follows, that is
to say :-
The Invention consists in the construction of an improved apparatus
for cutting soap by which economy of time and labor is effected and
the required weight of soap is obtained. The apparatus is constructed
of a piece of angle iron or other metal, fixed to a counter, bench, or
other suitable support by means of a screw and clamp. Upon this
angle iron and rising above it are fixed two plates of iron or other
suitable metal or material divided almost through their centre per-
pendicularly. These plates are placed so as to form a right angle in
which the soap to be cut rests. A slip of brass or other metal with a
division in the centre and bent so as to form a half ellipse is fixed to
the plates so that the division in the brass comes directly over the
divisions in the aforesaid plates. A piece of wire fixed at one end to

page_text: the angle iron passes through all the divisions; on the other end of the
wire is fastened a small handle which when pushed forwards and pulled
backwards causes the wire to divide the soap at cach stroke. An
opening is made in one of the plates in a longitudinal direction in
which a piece of metal is made to slide to and fro, and which may be
fixed at any part of the opening with a screw and small plate of metal
to regulate the size of the piece of soap to be cut off.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DRYING CYLINDERS EMPLOYED IN SIZING AND OTHER MACHINES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Hayhurst at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
March 1868.
I, GEORGE HAYшURST, of Bury, in the County of Lancaster, Tin
Plate Worker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN DRYING CYLINDERS EMPLOYED IN SIZING AND OTHER MACHINES,"
to be as follows:-
Instead of heating the periphery of the cylinder by the direct action
of steam in the interior I place close to the inner periphery a quantity
of tubing having one or more ends in connection with the steam supply
pipe, and the other end or ends communicating with the eduction or
discharge pipe. The
The tubing may revolve with the cylinder or be
stationary, the cylinder revolving nearly in contact with the tubes;B
the said tubes pass alternately in reverse directions in a curvilinear
form, but they may be arranged in any desired manner, the object being
to obtain the largest possible extent of heating surface, and by the use
of the tubes the drying cylinder is heated with a comparatively small
quantity of steam and the collapse of the cylinder entirely prevented.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ECONOMIZING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Dominique Marie Giacometti
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 24th June 1868.-Partly a communication from abroad by
François Montecucco, residing at 44, Rue du Faubourg du Temple,
Paris.
I, DOMINIQUE MARIE GIACOMETTI, of No. 22, Passage de la Bonne
Graine, Rue du Faubourg St. Antoine, Paris, in the Empire of France,
Commissioner of Police of the City of Paris, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ECONOMIZING
MOTIVE POWER," to be as follows:-
This Invention is based upon a new application of a lever and
weights and an axis turning on a pivot. The axis receives a movement
of complete rotation by means of a lever, to the ends of which any
motive force may be applied.
At the upper end of the axis C, as is seen in the annexed Drawing,
is fixed a crank marked with the letter D; it carries a crank pin, which
is embraced by a connecting rod marked with the letter E at its
extremity J, in which there is an elongated hole. The connecting rod
is jointed at its other end to the end of the lever a.
The letters K. and

page_text: 'S indicate the bars of iron which support the weights B. The bars K
are held at their lower extremities, so as to be easily moveable in
sockets on the bars L, which are connected horizontally with the axis.
The pieces marked with the letter m are stays fixed to the bars L; they
sustain and thrust upon the bars K, against which bars they rest, and to
which they are also fixed, so that these latter, which support the weights,
are held like levers. The letter n indicates supports passing downwards
obliquely from the bars K on one side to the bars L on the opposite
side, and above they serve to draw the axes towards themselves and to
push upon the bars K with the weights. The letter O represents small
stays pushing in their turn the supports n to prevent them from
approaching the axis and to weaken the negative principle resulting
naturally from the tendency of the weight to seek its centre of gravity.
'The upper bars L are shorter than the lower. The letter p represents a
circle or fly fixed to the bars K. The letter S indicates iron bars
-supporting weights in a horizontal line; they are fixed to the axis.
The letter u indicates the counterpoise weight of the lever a. The
letter F indicates a pedestal supporting a bolt on which the lever takes
its bearing at g. The letter q indicates spur wheels for transmitting
movement to other machinery it may be desired to drive. The letter R
marks the frame of the machine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WHITE LEAD, AND IN THE USE AND APPLICATION OF CERTAIN MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR SUCH PURPOSES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isham Baggs at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petitiou, on the 24th April
1868.
I, ISHAM BAGGS, of High Holborn, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF WHITE LEAD, AND IN THE USE AND APPLICATION OF CERTAIN
MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR SUCH PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists, first, in effecting double decompositions of
the soluble salts of lead by alkaline carbonates in the state of hot or
boiling solutions, and washing the precipitates thereby produced with
hot or boiling waters, and in subjecting such precipitates as well as
other white leads in a wet state to the action of centrifugal force in
a machine such as is well known as the hydro-extracter, such machine
being furnished with a loose filtering sack or bagged sheet (to hold
the white lead) capable of filling the machine when the centrifugal
force is in action and of being afterwards easily removed and emptied.
Secondly. In converting blue lead into white lead. A chamber or
series of chambers are made or built of bricks, tiles, or other suitable
[Price 8d.]

page_text: material having a false bottom or floor constructed in each case of
perforated bricks, tiles, or other appropriate and permeable substance.
There is an inlet or inlets for air, gases, and vapours below the
false bottom in each chamber and an outlet above in any convenient
position. The lead to be converted into carbonate is packed in these
chambers in sheets, coils, or other convenient form, and then covered
up air-tight or close except at the apertures named. A small quantity
of acetic acid is either introduced into the chambers in a liquid form
to start with, or as vapour after the whole arrangement is closed up.
Atmospheric air and carbonic acid gas are constantly supplied to this
chamber or these chambers in properly regulated proportion, with or
without an admixture of humidity or steam, and this gaseous mixture
is drawn or propelled through the chamber or series of chambers in
any convenient way, as by a draught, pump or otherwise, until the
conversion of the blue lead into the white lead is complete. The gases
are caused to circulate in a heated form and the temperature is carefully
regulated.
Litharge is converted into white lead under the same arrangement,
being placed on shelves or otherwise exposed to the gases and vapours
until the conversion is complete.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MUFFS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Crawford Davies and
Edward Zahn at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 25th February 1868.
We, JOSEPH CRAWFORD DAVIES and EDWARD ZAHN, both of No. 263,
Kingsland Road, in the City of London, Manufactures, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MUFFS,"
to be as follows:-
Our Invention may be used in combination with the improvements
patented by Joseph Loebl and Ignac Pick, on the 29th day of August
1866, No. 2232, or it may be applied to muffs of the ordinary
construction.
The first part of our Invention consists in applying to muffs a pair
of gauntlets or half gauntlets which are hinged to or made to slide
into and out of the interior of the muff, these gauntlets when drawn
an additional protection to the arms of wearer of the
muff. We prefer to connect the gauntlets to the muff by elastic bands,
and to hold them when out by catches, when these catches are liberated
the guantless are drawn unto the muff by the elastic bands; but the
gauntless may be connected to and drawn in or out of the muff

page_text: in any other convenient manner, or the gauntlets may be attached to
the ends of a muff without being made to slide into and out above
described.
The second part of our Invention consists in the application of a purse
to the muff.
The third part of our Invention consists in fitting inside the muff
pieces of quilted silk, or other material, which when the hands of the
wearer are withdrawn, fill up the ends of the muff, thereby converting it
into a bag.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR GRINDING OR PREPARING WOOD FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Carl Pieper at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
February 1868.-A. communication from abroad by Carl Gotthelf
Fischer, residing at Dresden, in the Kingdom of Saxony.
I, CARL PIEPER, of Dresden, in the Kingdom of Saxony, at present
residing at 39, Finsbury Square, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR GRINDING OR PREPARING WOOD FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER," to be
as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for
grinding or preparing wood for the manufacture of paper. For this
purpose a grindstone having blades or cutters on its surface is employed.
Grooves are formed across the face of the stone at intervals to receive
the steel blades or cutters which are carried at their ends in discs,
fixed to the stone on either side, so that their cutting edges project-
somewhat beyond the grinding surface. The cutting edges are serrated.
The wood to be ground or prepared is placed in a trunk or box open
at both ends, and of which one end is in front of and close against

page_text: the face of the stone, the wood is placed in the trunk or box with
its fibre parallel to the axis of the stone or approximately so, and behind
the wood the case or box receives a weighted piston or plunger. The
blades when the machine is at work detach from the wood small
portions of approximately uniform size which are further reduced by the 5
grinding stone.
AN IMPROVED LUBRICATOR
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Womersley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th March 1868.
I, CHARLES WOMERSLEY, of Saltaire, near Bradford, in the County
of York, Foreman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED LUBRICATOR," to be as follows:-
My Invention has especial reference to the lubrication of what are
known in looms as the "picker" spindles. It is the present custom
for the weaver to lubricate the same by means of a feather dipped in
oil, and considerable waste ensues. Within a small, and by preference
circular metal box, I place a piece of sponge or other suitable absorbent
material, and cause it to project through one end (a longitudinal slit
being cut in the same), and to such end I connect at right angles a
short semicircular guide adapted to slide on the spindle requiring
lubrication. Oil is supplied to the sponge either by means of a hole in
the opposite end of the box or by removing a small screw. in such
opposite end, and as the sponge is sealed in by the top and bottom it
cannot be removed or tampered with. I sometimes fill the box very
full of sponge so that its own elasticity may project part of it through

page_text: the slit in the bottom and guide. In other cases I insert a piece of
wire gauze within the box tightly and allow the sponge to press upon
it as a fulcrum. It will be evident that upon the sponge or substitute
being saturated, and the instrument then applied by means of the guide,
the spindles are readily lubricated and much waste prevented..
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF A RED COLOR FOR DYEING AND PRINTING
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Henry Johnson, of 47, Lincoln's Inn
Fields, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF A RED COLOR FOR DYEING AND
PRINTING."-A communication from abroad by Louis Durand, of
Bale, in the Swiss Confederation.
Sealed the 24th November 1868, and dated the 22nd June 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Henry Johnson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 22nd June 1868.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County
5 of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF A RED COLOR FOR
DYEING AND PRINTING," a communication to me from abroad by Louis
Durand, of Bale, in the Swiss Confederation, to be as follows:-

page_text: This Invention relates to the production of a red color from aniline or
salts of aniline, and consists in subjecting aniline or salts of the same to
the action of a nitrite, by preference nitrite of soda, together with arsenio
acid. These before-mentioned substances being contained in a suitable
vessel or apparatus, heat is to be applied until the desired color is
produced. The crude mass then resulting is to be subjected to the
action of water, and after the removal of the soluble salts the coloring
matter is to be dissolved in a solvent of the same, such for example as
boiling water or a dilute solution of acid, and may then be separated
by means of salt, and be purified in a manner well understood by
manufacturers of aniline colors.
The proportions in which the several before-mentioned substances
are to be employed will vary according to their purity and strength;
but I have found that when aniline, dry nitrite of soda, and arsenic
acids, of a specific gravity of about 2000°, are employed in about equal
proportions by weight that a good result is obtained; I do not however
confine myself to these proportions.
IMPROVEMENT IN THE PRESENT METHOD OR MEANS OF ATTACHING CLOTHES TO THE PERSON
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Adam Scott at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
May 1868.
I, ADAM SCOTT, of 3, Blomfield Crescent, Paddington, London, W.
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENT IN THE PRESENT METHOD OR MEANS OF
ATTACHING CLOTHES TO THE PERSON," to be as follows:-
To a short spring of india-rubber, solid or of tubing, web, or any other
material I attach loops or eyelet holes at each end, and to these loops
or eyelet holes I attach a pair of claws, clasps, or perforators capable
of grasping and holding fast garments or bed clothes, and of keeping
them wrapped round the person of the wearer. To the spring of this
instrument I attach a pendant of cloth, network, or other material
to be worn with it, the intention being that while in a recumbent
posture the pendant shall lye under the person and assist to keep the
bed clothes steadily in their place as an envelope to the neck, &c.
I find that this instrument attached at its two ends to the bed clothes
and worn by inserting the neck in the loop thus formed is of use in
giving a warm and steady night's rest, and affords a means of avoiding

page_text: the taking of cold during sleep; I also find it valuable as an adjunct
to assist other means used for recovery from cold or sore throat, and also
to enable one to have the benefit of more fresh air during sleep by
admitting of the window being kept partially open with comparative
safety.
I therefore declare the nature of this Invention to be an instrument,
which I have named the "sircósy," to be used as a means of more
effectually protecting the person against cold and other injuries of
this nature arising from exposure of the throat and chest, more
particularly during sleep.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PORTABLE HEAD DRESS AND OTHER COVERINGS FOR PRO- TECTING THE HEAD OR BODY AGAINST SUN, RAIN, OR WEATHER
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Ritchie at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th July
1868.
I, CHARLES RITCHIE, of Upper Tulse Hill, in the County of Surrey,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PORTABLE HEAD DRESS AND OTHER COVERINGS FOR PRO-
TECTING THE HEAD OR BODY AGAINST SUN, RAIN, OR WEATHER," to be as
follows:-
Coverings to the head or person of an individual which have for
object protection from sun, rain, or the weather, as, say, a hat or bonnet,
an umbrella or parasol, have been made hitherto to depend for their
support upon either the head or hand.
By my Invention I provide a head covering or a head and body
covering either in the nature of a hat, bonnet, hood, helmet, wig,
umbrella, or parasol that shall afford protection to the person from the
sun, or rain, or weather, but such covering will derive its support or
bearing in manner hereafter set forth instead of from the head or the
hand, which members are left free or unincumbered. For this purpose
I place upon the shoulders or any convenient part of the body a strap

page_text: or straps, band or bands, epaulet or contrivance for ensuring fixity,
to or in which is provided or may be attached a rack, socket, or
arrangement for holding the stem or stems or supports which uphold
the hat, hood, helmet, umbrella, or other like covering over the
individual. Security against removal by the action of the wind may be
provided by stays where required; and portability and adaptability
both when in use or when carried along may be secured by folding
or other hinges, or joints, or slides, or other suitable arrangements.
In the instance of a hat, hood, or helmet, or head dress or head gear,
I sometimes provide a rod, or rack, or support underneath the rim or
overlap, upon which rod or support a light fabric of linen or other
material is sometimes carried, arranged to hang over or be drawn around
the person if required in such a manner that rain falling upon the
head covering may be conveyed away from the body, or that the sun's
rays may be kept therefrom. Thus the air for coolness is enabled to
play around the head or the person, and the weight of the covering
is rendered less distressing, although the area of shelter may in some
instances be larger than is afforded by coverings now generally in use.
With suitable adjustment this system of covering may be made
applicable to the protection of animals from sun and rain, that is, by
means of straps and supports secured to the body, or by means of
supports attached to the harness.
A IMPROVED METHOD OF BREAKING UP MACADAMISEO ROADS AND OTHER SURFACES AND APPARATUS OR MACHINERY THEREFOR
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Slater at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th May 1868.
I, JAMES SLATER, Engineer, of Catherine Terrace, Lansdowne Road,
S.W., in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "A IMPROVED METHOD OF BREAKING UP MACADAMISEO
ROADS AND OTHER SURFACES AND APPARATUS OR MACHINERY THEREFOR," to be
as follows:-
Heretofore the process of breaking up macadamised roads has mainly
been done by manual labour. In my Invention I propose to do it
by steam or other motive power. It consists in a novel arrangement
or combination of mechanism specially adapted for excavating or
breaking up macadamised roads, and also for breaking up hard barren
ground not heretofore cultivated. The machine, with steam engine
or any other motive power I may think proper to employ, is
securely fixed to a suitable carriage running on wheels, made to any
required length & breadth. In addition to the ordinary crank shaft,
there are other two shafts, each consisting of any required number of
cranks according to the width of the ground or road to be broken

page_text: up at each operation. The cranks on each shaft are connected to each
other by means of connecting rods, and I construct these rods or levers
so as to form a frame or tube, into which the cutting tools are fixed
for cutting up the road or any hard ground. Motion is imparted to
the cranks through a series of toothed or friction wheels, causing the
rods or tubes containing the excavating tools to make a succession
of revolving blows; or I can use a lever or series of levers or
excentrics in preference to cranks or both combined. If levers alone,
then in that case they would give a succession of rectilinear blows.
I cause the cutting tools to revolve a half circle or a semi-revolution
each blow, so that each side of the cutting tools operate on the material
to be cut up alternately, thereby preventing them from being irregularly
worn on either side. The depth of the excavation can be easily
regulated as may be required by the man in charge of the machine by
a screw or screws or other similar means.
APPARATUS FOR PROPELLING VESSELS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Smyth at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th July
1868.
66
I, ROBERT SMYTH, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
IN APPARATUS FOR PROPELLING VESSELS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improved apparatus for propelling vessels,
and which whilst working with the direct and effective action of the
feathering paddle wheel is wholly submerged so as to be less liable to
injury from an enemy's shot or otherwise. The improved apparatus
comprises a paddle wheel of the kind herein-after described, arranged by
preference on a vertical shaft in a casing formed in the vessel's side, and
there is a similar paddle wheel on each side of the vessel. The framing
of the paddle wheel consists by preference of two discs, fixed at right
angles on the shaft, and a series of spindles parallel to the shaft extend
between and are carried by them. Each spindle has a pair of short arms
fixed on it close to the insides of the discs and a paddle or float is fitted
with journals turning in the ends of the arms so as to turn on an axis

page_text: parallel to the spindle, such axis being at or near one edge of the float.
When the float is pressed in one direction it bears against the spindle,
but when pressed otherwise it is free to resume the position of least
resistance. The positions of the spindles and their arms are in one
modification controlled by cranks formed or fixed on their outer ends
outside of the disc, the pins of the cranks being entered into holes
in a third disc mounted so as to turn on a boss disposed eccentrically as
regards the paddle wheel shaft, this arrangement being similar to what
is in use with ordinary feathering paddle wheels. The paddle wheel
projects partly out of the casing, and as the floats are carried by it out
of the casing they assume positions at right angles to the vessel's course,
so as to propel in the most direct and effective manner, whilst when they
are passing round through the interior of the casing they offer the least
possible resistance.
In another modification each float is fixed at or near one edge on the
spindle, and arms or cranks on the spindles are fitted with antifriction
rollers, which are acted upon as the paddle wheel revolves by cam grooves
in plates fixed in the casing. On one side of the wheel the cranks and the
cam groove are arranged to give the positions for propelling ahead, those
on the other side being disposed for propelling astern. The cam groove
acts only when the float is in the propelling positions; in other parts of
its course the float is free to assume the position of least resistance..
In- PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR DRYING WOOL OR FOR DIS- CHARGING MOISTURE FROM FIBROUS, GRANULAR, OR OTHER MATERIALS
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Leggett Budden at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd May 1868.-A communication from abroad by Woodford
Pilkington, Civil Engineer, of Cape Colony, Cape of Good Hope.
I, JOHN LEGGETT BUDDEN, of Fenchurch Street, in the City of
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "In-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR DRYING WOOL OR FOR DIS-
CHARGING MOISTURE FROM FIBROUS, GRANULAR, OR OTHER MATERIALS," to be
as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery or
apparatus for drying wool or for discharging moisture from fibrous,
granular, or other materials by centrifugal action thereon whilst rotating
within a drum of conical form arranged to rotate in a horizontal or
nearly horizontal position, whereby a self-feeding and self-discharging
drying apparatus is obtained. For this purpose around a central axis
a drum is formed covered with perforated metal (by preference zinc) or
other perforated surface, its shape being the frustrum of a cone, the
dimensions of which may vary considerably, depending on the purpose

page_text: for which it is required. The axis of the conical drum is mounted in
bearings in a horizontal position (or for some purposes it may be slightly
inclined), rotary motion being communicated thereto by any suitable
mechanical means. At the smaller end of the conical drum a screw or
other feed apparatus is mounted upon the axis below a suitably formed
hopper, by which means the wool or other material to be dried is fed
into the rotating drum, being gradually discharged therefrom at the
larger end or base of the conical drum during its rotation. Thus it
will be seen that the operation is continuous in place of having to stop
the apparatus to discharge its contents and introduce a fresh supply.
Below the hopper at the screw or feed end a grating or perforated surface
is arranged to drain and carry off any excess of moisture before the
wet materials enter the rotating drum. The conical drum may be
mounted between partitions or within a suitable case or chamber, and
heated air may be forced or conducted through the apparatus by means
of a fan or otherwise to facilitate the drying process. Two or more of
such conical drums may be arranged in combination, the materials to be
dried being delivered from one to another if required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COUPLINGS FOR CONNECTING TUBES FOR SIGNALLING ON RAILWAY TRAINS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1868

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Wilson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
December 1868.
I, THOMAS WILSON, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick;
Gun Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COUPLINGS FOR CONNECTING TUBES FOR SIGNALLING ON
RAILWAY TRAINS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES," to he as follows:-
My said improvements are especially applicable to the coupling of
tubes for signalling on railway trains, but may also be applied to the
coupling of tubes for various other purposes.
I will describe my Invention in connection with railway carringes.
On each end of the carriage I fix a metallic or other air chest, or
chamber, into which chambers the ends respectively of the signalling
tube running along the carriage open, the ends of the tubes opening into
the backs of the chambers. In the front of the chamber are two
openings, one of the said openings is closed by a spring valve, and to
the other opening a flexible coupling tube is attached of sufficient
length to extend from carriage to carriage. To the free end of this tube

page_text: a metallic or other tubular coupling plug is fixed, the said plug con-
taining a spring valve. The spindle of the valve is situated in the axis
of the tubular coupling plug, and projects a short distance from its end.
When the projecting valve spindle is not pressed upon the valve in the
tubular coupling plug is closed by its spring. The said coupling plug
is slightly taper, and a collar or shoulder is formed near its base. The
said coupling plug also has lugs on its exterior. Recesses are made in
the other opening of the air chest or chamber, into which the lugs on
the tubular plug are made to engage by the insertion of the said plug
with a slight twisting motion. When the tubular plug of the flexible
coupling tube of one chamber is inserted and fixed in the opening of
the chamber on another carriage the projecting spindle of the valve
of the tubular plug coming against the valve in the said opening forces
open the said valve, the valve in the tubular plug being also at the same
time pushed back. A free communication-is thus established between
the two air chests or chambers simultaneously with the coupling together
of the said ohests, and consequently a free communication between the
signalling tubes on the tops of the two carriages. The shoulder on the
coupling plug-is provided with a washer, and when the said plug is fixed
in the opening the said shoulder-bears against a collar in the said
opening and forms an air-tight joint. An air chest or chamber with its
flexible coupling tube and opening is fixed on each end of each railway
carriage, the coupling tube on one chest or chamber being made to face
the opening in the other chest or chamber.
Other arrangements than that described, such as screws or spring
catches, may be employed for fixing the coupling plugs in the openings.