IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER WHEN THE STRAW OF WHEAT, BARLEY, OATS, BYE, OR RICE IS EMPLOYED
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick Burnett Houghton, of 12, Eldon Road;
Kensington, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER WHEN THE STRAW OF WHEAT, BARLEY,
OATS, BYE, OR RICE IS EMPLOYED."
Sealed the 12th February 1861, and dated the 18th August. 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick Burnett
Houghton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 18th August 1860.
I, FREDERICK BURNETT HOUGHTON, of 12, Eldon Road, Kensington, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER WHEN THE STRAW OF WHEAT,
BARLEY, OATS, RYE, OR RICE IS EMPLOYED," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of paper,
when the straw of wheat, barley, oats, rye, or rice is employed. When. using
the straw of wheat, barley, oats, rye, or rice, separately. or combined in the
manufacture of paper, I. have, by extensive experiments. ascertained. that when
using alkaline solutions, if,very high degrees of heat and pressure be employed,
that very advantageous results may be obtained, and that the alkaline solutions
with a comparatively small addition of fresh solution.may. be. again and. again
used with fresh quantities of the straws above mentioned..
Now, part of my Invention consists in employing when: acting on

page_text: straws an alkaline solution (prefering soda, although potash may be. employed
in place thereof,) of a strength of from 3° to 4° Beaumé, at a. temperature
of about 378° Fahrenheit, and at a pressure of from about 150 lbs. to 185 lbs.
on the square inch, preferring a pressure of about 180 lbs. on the square
inch.
And part of my Invention consists of applying the caustic alkaline solutions
which have been previously used for acting on flax or hemp, or other like
woody fibres of a strength exceeding 5° of Beaumé (and which are no longer
capable of acting on like fibre), on the straw of wheat, barley, oats, rye,
or rice in combination with the high pressures and temperatures above
mentioned.
And my Invention further consists of again and again using the alkaline
solution above mentioned on successive quantities of fresh straw of the
description mentioned, commencing, by preference, with an alkaline solution
of a strength of between 3° and 4° of Beaumé, then, after acting on one
quantity of straw, therewith, to add about one-fourth of. the previous quantity
of fresh solution of a like strength to that above named, and to use the same
with a fresh quantity of straw, then again to use the same alkaline solution
with a further addition of about one-half of the original quantity of fresh
solution, and to use it to act on a further quantity of fresh straw; and in
some cases I may even use the solution with another addition; but in all cases
it is essential that such repeated use should be in combination with the high
temperatures and -pressures above mentioned. The alkaline. solutions thus
repeatedly used are then evaporated to obtain the alkali..
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Frederick Burnett Houghton in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 18th February 1861.
TO-ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I; FREDERICK
BURNETT HOUGHTON, of 12; Eldon Road, Kensington, in the County of
Middlesex, send greeting..
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-fourth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Frederick Burnett Houghton, Her special licence. that. I, the said. Frederick
Burnett Houghton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or. such others

page_text: .
as I, the said Frederick Burnett Houghton, my executors,.administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle. of. Man, an Invention' for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF. PAPER WHEN THE STRAW. OF. WHEAT,
BARLEY, OATS, RYE, OR RICE IS EMPLOYED," upon the condition. (amongst others)
that I, the said. Frederick Burnett Houghton, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or. their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six: calendar months' next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
: 小
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Frederick Burnett Houghton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said. Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is-to-say::.
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of paper
when the straw of wheat, barley, oats, rye, or rice.is: employed.. When using
the straw of wheat, barley, oats, rye, or rice, separately or combined in the
manufacture of paper, I have, by extensive experiments, ascertained that when
using alkaline solutions, if very high degrees of heat and pressure be employed,
that very advantageous results may be obtained, and that the alkaline solutions
with a comparatively small addition of fresh solution may be again and again
used with fresh quantities of the straws above mentioned.
Now, part of my Invention consists in employing when acting on such
straws an alkaline solution (preferring soda, although potash may be employed
in place thereof,) of a strength of from 3° to 4° Beaumé, at a temperature of
about 378° Fahrenheit, and at a pressure of from about 150 lbs. to 185 lbs.
on the square inch, preferring a pressure of about 180 lbs. on the square inch.
And part of my Invention consists of applying the caustic alkaline solutions
which have been previously used for acting on flax or hemp, or other likė
woody fibres of a strength exceeding 5° of Beaumé (and which are no longer
capable of acting on like fibre) on the straw of wheat, barley, oats, rye,
or rice, in combination with the high pressures and temperatures above
mentioned.
And my Invention further consists of again and again using the alkaline
solution above mentioned on successive quantities of fresh straw of the
description mentioned, commencing, by preference, with an alkaline solution

page_text: of a strength of between 3 and 4° of Beaumé;. then, after acting on one
quantity of straw therewith, to add about one-fourth of the previous quantity
of fresh solution of a like strength to that above named, and. to use the same
with a fresh quantity of straw, then again, to use the same alkaline solution
with a further addition, of about one-half of the original quantity of fresh:
solution, and to use it to act on a further quantity of fresh straw, and in some
cases I may even use the solution with another addition; but in all cases it is
essential that such repeated use should be in combination with the high
temperatures and pressures above mentioned. The alkaline solutions thus
repeatedly used are then evaporated to obtain the alkali..
In carrying out the, Invention, the apparatus and processes heretofore
employed when acting on vegetable fibres with alkaline solutions at a high
temperature and pressure are to be used.; I, however, prefer to employ the
apparatus described in the Specification of a Patent granted to me, dated
the 17th February, 1857. I would state, that the peculiarity of the present
Invention, as above stated, consists in employing the alkaline solutions which
have been previously used on other quantities: of fibre again and again to act
on fresh quantities of fibre with only comparatively small additions of fresh
solution, but accompanied with high temperatures and pressures.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederick Burnett Houghton, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of February, in
. the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
F. B. HOUGHTON. (L.S.)