AN IMPROVED COVERING FOR PREVENTING THE RADIATION OR TRANSMISSION OF HEAT
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Toope, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of
Middlesex, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED COVERING FOR PREVENTING
THE RADIATION OR TRANSMISSION OF HEAT."
caled the 17th September 1878, and dated the 6th April 1878.
<< AN
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Toope at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th April 1878.
CHARLES TOOPE, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex.
IMPROVED COVERING FOR PREVENTING THE RADIATION OR TRANSMISSION OF
HEAT."
My Invention relates to an improved covering for preventing the radiation or
transmission of heat from steam and hot water pipes, steam boilers, and the like, for
preventing the freezing of water and gas pipes, pumps, tanks, and other vessels, and
for preventing the transmission of heat to refrigerators, and other similar receptacles.
This improved covering consists of one or more layers of hair felting, each layer
covered on both sides with paper known as mill wrappers, and the inside layer of
paper or that next the surface of the steam or hot water pipe, steam boiler, or other
similar receptacle, coated with a layer or layers of asbestos to prevent the burning
of the interior layers of paper and hair felting by contact with a hot surface. This
improved non-conducting covering combines the advantages of great lightness and
durability, and it may be handled freely, and readily applied and removed.
The covering is made of tubular form in lengths for application to pipes and other
objects of moderate size, as follows:-A roll of the paper of any convenient width
is mounted to revolve in bearings, and is led over guide rollers and through a paste
troughs, and thence to a roller or mandrel, also mounted, to revolve in bearings. I
first lay a sheet of asbestos of sufficient size upon the paper near the end thereof,
and coil the two together upon the mandrel, and I then continue to wind the paper
alone thereon until a sufficient thickness is attained, each successive layer being
united to the previous one by the paste. I then lay upon the paper, or otherwise

page_text: arrange, a sheet of hair felting, so as to be wound up together with the paper upon
the mandrel one or more times, according to the thickness of the sheet of hair
felting and the required thickness of the covering, and I then continue to wind the
paper alone several times round the hair felting, so as to form a strong external
sheath or skin for the covering, which when thus completed is further covered with
one or more layers of a waterproof paper to preserve it from the effects of moisture.
A flat or curved covering for boilers, tanks, and other receptacles is made upon a
table or block by superposing separate layers of asbestos, paper, and hair felting in
the same order in which they occur when the covering is made on a mandrel, as
above mentioned, until the desired thickness is attained.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Charles Toope in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 5th October
1878.
CHARLES TOOPE, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex. "AN
IMPROVED COVERING FOR PREVENTING THE RADIATION OR TRANSMISSION OF
HEAT."
My Invention relates to an improved covering for preventing the radiation or
transinission of heat from steam and hot water pipes, steam boilers, and the like, for
preventing the freezing of water and gas pipes, pumps, tanks, and other vessels, and
as a lining for preventing the transmission of heat to refrigerators and other similar
receptacles. This improved covering consists of one or more layers of hair felting,
cach layer covered on both sides with paper known as "mill wrappers" to hold the
hair felting in position. The inside layers of paper and hair felting of a covering
intended for steam pipes, steam boilers, or other highly heated surfaces are protected
from being scorched by the heat by being lined with one or more layers of asbestos,
but for coverings intended for surfaces that do not become highly heated the asbestos
would be omittted.
Instead of using mill wrapper paper to bind the hair felting together and form a
tube, I may use cauvas or roofing paper for the purpose. This improved non-
conducting covering combines the advantages of great lightness and durability, it
may be handled freely, and readily applied and removed.
The covering for steam pipes is made of tubular form in lengths or sections for
application to pipes and other objects of moderate size as follows:-A roll of paper
of a width corresponding to the length of the section to be mado is mounted to
revolve in bearings at one end of a suitable frame, and the strip of paper from the
suid roll is led over guide rollers and through paste troughs, whereby it is
pasted on both sides, and is thence led to a roller or mandrel, also mounted to revolve
in bearings at the other end of the said frame. I first paste a strip of asbestos mill-
board or asbestos paper on the upper side of the paper at the end thereof, said asbestos
-

page_text: being of a length equal to the width of the paper, and of a width depending on the
number of coils or layers of asbestos desired. I then coil the two (paper and
asbestos) together upon the mandrel, and afterwards continue to wind on the paper
alone until a sufficient thickness is attained, each successive layer being united to
the previous one by the paste. I then lay upon the paper, or otherwise arrange, a
sheet of hair felting, so as to be wound up together with the paper upon the mandrel
one or more times, according to the thickness of the sheet of hair felting and the
required thickness of the covering, and this done I continue to wind the paper
alone several times round the hair felting, so as to form a strong external sheath or
wrapper for the covering, which when thus completed is further covered with
one or more layers of waterproof paper to preserve it from the effects of moisture.
A flat or curved covering for boilers, tanks, and other receptacles is made upon a
table or block, or built up on any irregular form, such as cylinders, steam chests,
and fronts of boilers by superposing separate layers of asbestos, paper, and hair
felting in the same order in which they occur when the covering is made on a
mandrel, as above mentioned, until the desired thickness is attained.
A flat or curved covering for boilers, tanks, and other receptacles is made upon a
table or block, or built up on any irregular form, such as cylinders, steam chests,
and fronts of boilers by superposing separate layers of asbestos, paper, and hair
felting in the same order in which they occur when the covering is made on a
mandrel, as above mentioned, until the desired thickness is attained.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
The annexed Drawing represents a piece of steam pipe covering, in cross section,
to illustrate the order in which the different materials are arranged.
« is the inner sheath, composed of one, two, or more layers of paper, the inner-
most surface being lined with the asbestos, which may also intervene between the
layers of paper; b, b', are the first and second layers of hair felt, separated and held
in place by the intermediate layer a¹ of the paper, which is coiled up therewith, as
shown; a is the external sheath composed of several layers of the paper coiled up
together until a sufficient thickness is attained, and finally covered with waterproof
paper.
For ordinary steam pipe coverings the inner sheath a would be composed of two
layers of paper and asbestos, as above mentioned, the intermediate part a¹ of one
layer of paper, and the outer sheath a² of, say, five layers of paper (exclusive of the
waterproof paper); but the number of layers in the inner and outer sheaths may be
varied according to the thickness of the paper and the size of the pipe to be covered.
Instead of using mill wrappers alone for the outer sheath it may be composed of,
say, two layers of mill wrapper with an intervening layer of woollen paper or
woollen rag paper applied and coiled up with the mill wrapper paper in the same
way as the hair felting. The object of using this woollen paper being to make the
outer sheath a more clastic, and enable it to be sprung over a pipe more easily.
The pipe coverings are slit longitudinally, as at c, as usual, to enable them to be
readily applied to the pipes and fastened by staples d.
Having described the nature of my Invention and the manner of performing the
same, I declare that what I claim as my Invention to be protected by the herein-
before in part recited Letters Patent is, a non-conducting covering for steam boilers,
steam and water pipes, and other surfaces composed of hair felting combined with
and held in position by paper, and with or without a lining of asbestos, the whole
arranged in layers, substantially as herein specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Toope, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Fourth day of October, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-eight.
THA AA