Apparatus Employed therein.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 1st Sept., 1837
Complete Left, 1st June, 1888
Complete Accepted, 6th July, 1888
Apparatus Employed therein.
We, CHARLES FREDERICK CLARK, of the firm of T. and C. Clark and Company, of
Shakespeare Foundry, Wolverhampton in the County of Stafford, hollow-ware manu-
facturers, and JONAH SANDERS of 2 Ranelagh Road, Blakenhall Wolverhampton
aforesaid, pattern turner, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
The object of this invention is to simplify, facilitate and improve the method of
preparing moulds for casting hollow-ware, and comprises means and apparatus
according to which the mould has not to be taken to pieces in order to remove
the pattern nor have the parts of the mould to be turned over as is commonly the
case.
In moulding articles according to this invention which have flat bottoms and
inclined sides such as stew-pans, fry-pans, upright pots etc. the pattern is formed upon
or fixed to a flat plate which is provided with suitable studs or pegs and the moulding
box is placed around the pattern and upon the plate and is provided with lugs having
holes therethrough which pass over the studs or pegs whereby the exact position of
the moulding box upon the plate is ensured. The core is rammed up in a core-box
which is similarly placed around a hollow perforated hedge-hog formed upon or fixed to a
plate having suitable studs or pegs thereon. This latter plate is formed with a groove
or recess which is open to the bottom of the core-box and which passes also somewhat
under the lower edge of the box, and as the sand is rammed up within the box and
around the hedge hog it is also rammed firmly into the groove. The flat top of the
core is levelled off by means of an ordinary planed leveller. After the mould and
core have been rammed up the core-box is removed from around the core and the
moulding box from around the pattern, and the moulding box is placed upon the
plate which supports the hedge-hog, and the mould is then ready for casting. The
sand in that part of the groove which projects under the lower edge of the corc-box
(when the core is in position around the hedge-hog) passes under and somewhat
beyond the open part of the mould and thus forms a face for the lower edge of the

page_text: casting and prevents it from becoming chilled as it would otherwise do if the plate
itself formed the face. Perforations are formed in the bottom of the groove to
act as air-holes. The grooved plate which supports the hedge-hog forms a prominent
feature of the invention.
By the employment of this invention no joint making is necessary and the use
of parting sand is entirely obviated, and no pricker holes are required as a thorough
vent for the air is provided by the perforations in the groove and hedge-hog.
The plate supporting the hedge-hog and having the perforated sand groove therein
is applicable also in the moulding of bellied pots, in which case the core is moulded
up in a box divided transversely and placed upon the plate supporting the hedge-hog,
and the body of the pattern is moulded up in the manner usually employed in
moulding oval pots on the block system or in any convenient manner the box being
afterwards removed from the pattern and placed upon the plate supporting the hedge-
hog. The lower part of the body pattern for forming the mould for the mouth of the
pot may be moulded up in a transversely divided box part, and the upper part of the
pattern, that is the part for forming the mould for the lower part and bottom of
the pot, be moulded in a single box part which is lifted off the pattern. In this case
the body pattern is formed in two parts each carried on a separate plate upon which
the respective box parts are fitted in the manner before described. This method of
moulding the body is novel and convenient, enabling the work to be better divided
between the moulders.

page_text: Improvements in Preparing Moulds for Casting Hollow-ware and
in Apparatus Employed therein.
We, CHARLES FREDERICK CLARK, of the firm of T. and C. Clark and Co., of
Shakespeare Foundry, Wolverhampton in the County of Stafford, hollow-ware
manufacturers, and JONAH SANDERS, of 2 Ranelagh Road, Blakenhall, Wolverhampton
aforesaid, pattern turner, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying drawings
and the letters of reference marked thereon (that is to say) :-
This invention relates more especially to means of and apparatus employed in
preparing moulds for casting plain hollow-ware utensils having inclined sides, such as
stew-pans, fry-pans, and upright" pots, and has for an object to simplify and
facilitate preparing such moulds, and comprises means and apparatus according to
which the mould has not to be taken to pieces in order to remove the pattern nor
have the parts of the mould to be turned over in the manner necessary when the
ordinary method of moulding such utensils is adopted; the invention is, however,
applicable generally for preparing moulds for any articles from the pattern of which a
mould may be lifted off, and from the core of which the core-box may be lifted off,
without in either case being parted therefor; and the invention is also in part
applicable in moulding bellied pots and such like hollow-ware utensils
"block" system in which the core is carried upon a hedge-hog supported upon a
plate, and in which a transversely divided moulding box-part and transversely
divided core-box are employed.
upon
the
In moulding articles, according to this invention, which have flat bottoms and
inclined sides, such as stew-pans, fry-pans, and upright pots, a block pattern for the
exterior shape of the article is formed upon or fixed to a flat plate which is provided
with suitable studs or pegs, and a moulding-box is placed around the pattern and
upon the plate and is provided with lugs having holes therethrough which pass over
the studs or pegs whereby the exact position of the moulding-box upon the plate is
ensured. The core is rammed up in a core-box which is similarly placed around a
hollow perforated hedge-hog formed upon or fixed to a plate having suitable studs or
pegs thereon which correspond in size and position with those of the plate which
carries the pattern. The plate carrying the hedge-hog is formed with a groove or
recess which is open to the bottom of the core-box and which passes also somewhat
under the lower edge of such box, and as the sand is rammed up within the box and
around the hedge-hog it is also rammed firmly into the groove. The flat top of the
After the mould and
core is levelled of by means of an ordinary planed leveller.
core have been rammed up the core-box is removed from around the core and the
moulding-box from around the pattern, and the moulding-box is placed upon the plato
The sand in
which supports the hedge-hog, and the mould is then ready for casting.
that part of the groove which projected under the lower edge of the core-box (when
the core-box was in position around the hedge-hog) passes under and somewhat beyond
the open part of the pattern mould and thus forms a bearing for the edge of the
mould, and also a face for the lower edge of the casting and prevents it from becoming

page_text: chilled as it would otherwise do if the plate itself formed the face. Perforations are
formed in the bottom of the groove to act as air-holes. The grooved plate which
supports the hedge-hog forms a prominent feature of the invention, such plate and
hedge-hog taking the place of the "drag" usually employed.
This invention will be clearly understood on reference to the accompanying
drawings which illustrate its application in the preparation of moulds for articles
which have flat bottoms and inclined sides, and the illustrations shew such
application specially with reference to the manufacture of stew-pans.
Figure 1 is a vertical section through the centre of the pattern and plate therearound
and of the moulding-box, showing the mould to be rammed up therein, and is taken
on the broken lino x of figure 2 which is a plan of figure 1. Figure 3 is a vertical
section through the centre of the hedge-hog and plate on which it is carried and
through the core-box, and shews the core to be rammed up therein. This view is
taken on line ¹ of figure 4 which is a plan of figure 3. Figure 5 is a vertical section
through the contre of the mould when ready for casting, the section of the moulding-
box, and of the hedge-hog with the plate by which it is carried, corresponding to the
sections thereof shewn, respectively, by figures 1 and 3; and figure 6 is a side
elevation of figure 5 shewing a view of the front part thereof supposed to be cut
away. The same letters of reference indicate corresponding parts throughout the views.
The pattern A for the body of the stew-pan is formed with or fixed upon a plate B
which stands upon legs a. The moulding-box C is perforated to facilitate the escape
of air from the mould, and is fitted upon the plate B by means of ears on the box
having drilled holes therethrough to fit down around studs or pegs c standing up
upon the plate just as moulding-boxes are usually fitted to one another.
To mould up the body, the box C is placed upon the plate B, being guided into and
held in its proper position by the studs c, and the moulding sand is then rammed up
around and upon the pattern in the usual manner of moulding. The hedge-hog D for
the core is perforated to facilitate the escape of air from the core, and is formed upon
the plate E, or is bolted thereon as shewn, or otherwise fixed thereon. The core-box F
is fitted upon the plate E in the manner in which the moulding-box is fitted upon the
plate B, and the studs c¹ over which ears 6 on the box are passed for this purpose
correspond, respectively, in size, and in position in relation to the centre of the
plate E, with the size of the studs band with their position in relation to the centre
of the plate B. An annular groove or sinking d, perforated through the bottom to
facilitate the escape of air from the mould, is formed in the apper face of the plate E,
and this groove is open to the space between the hedge-hog and the wall of the core-
box and passes also under the lower edge of the core-box as shewn. To mould up the
core, the core-box is fitted upon the plate E. just as the moulding-box is fitted upon
the plate B, and the moulding sand is then rammed up around and upon the hedge-
hog, and the flat top of the core is levelled off by means of an ordinary planed
leveller. The core may be rammed up by a boy or other person of lesser skill while
the pattern is being moulded by a man or other person of greater skill. The mould
is put together for casting by removing the core-box F from off the core, and the body
mould from off the pattern, and then lowering the body mould over the core until
the box C is fitted down upon the plate E, as shewn by figures 5 and. 6, just as the
core-box was previously fitted thereon, that is with the studs c¹ passing through the
ears b. It is, of course, desirable to dust and finish the surfaces of the mould, and
for such purpose the pattern mould is turned up after being lifted off the pattern, but
no turning over of the parts is necessary for the purpose of ramming up the mould.
It will readily be seen that in ramming up the core the moulding sand is rammed
properly into the groove d and under the lower edge of the core-box F. The
employment of this groove d for the purpose stated constitutes the plate E itself into
a moulding-box-part which thus takes the place of the ordinary bottom box or
"drag" and this plate E with the perforated groove d therein is an essential and
highly important feature of the invention inasmuch as the part of the mould for the
rim of the casting may by its employment be rammed up whilst the core is
being rammed and consequently without the boxes being turned over to ram up such

page_text: d
part of the mould as is necessary when the "drag" is employed. A very small
body of sand within a groove d, as shewn, is sufficient to prevent the chilling of the
rim. Where a projecting curved or rounded section of rim is required, such as is
shewn in the section of the mould figure 5, a rim e may be formed on the lower face
of the core-box, as shewn by figure 3, so as to form within the sand in the groove
the mould for the upper face of the rim, the remaining portion of the rim being
moulded in the box C, as shewn by figure 1, and thus when the mould in the box C is
placed upon the plate E and around the coro the mould for the rim will be completely
formed between the lower edge of the mould in the box and the sand in the groove d.
When the mould is made up for casting the box Cis, of course, held to the plate E
to prevent it from rising therefrom during the operation of casting. Any or.linary or
convenient means may be adopted for this purpose; in the illustration hooks ff, one
on each side of the plate, are swivelled to pins ff" thereon and are pushed into eyes g
upon the box, this being the ordinary manner in which moulding boxes are held
together.
The stud or socket for receiving the handle is moulded in any ordinary or convenient
manner, the method of doing so not forming any part of this invention.
By the employment of the invention above described with reference to the drawings,
no partings have to be made and the use of parting sand is consequently entirely
obviated, and no prickler holes are required, as a thorough vent for the air is provided
by the perforations.
We have described this invention specially with reference to hand moulding, but it
will be obvious that it is applicable also to machine moulding, in which case the parts
are, of course, attached to and operated by the machine in the manner in which
analogous parts are attached and operated in machine moulding.
The method and apparatus above described with reference to the drawings, modified
or not as circumstances may require, and as will be obvious to persons skilled in the
trade to which the invention relates, may be employed in preparing moulds for any
articles from the pattern of which a mould may be lifted off and from the core of
which the core-box may be lifted off without, in either case, being parted therefor,
substantially in the manner above described.
In applying this invention to the moulding of bellied pots and such like hollow-
ware utensils upon the "block" system above referred to, the plate upon which the
boxes are placed in making up the mould, and which carries the hedge-hog and core,
has a perforated groove formed therein corresponding to and for the purpose of the
grooved above described, and thus the necessity is obviated of forming the usual
bevelled sand joint around the base of the core, and at the bottom of the mould in the
divided box, as both the face for the rim of the utensil and also the joint for the
lower inner edge of the mould is made by the sand within the groove in the plate
as in the manner above described with reference to the moulding of a stew pan.
This invention applies also, as will be readily understood, to preparing moulds for
negro pots, in which the bottoms are dome-shaped instead of flat, divided boxes being
used for the sides of the body pattern, and a top box for the domed bottom.
A grooved may be dispensed with in the plate E, and the plate E be formed simply
as a chill-plate, if desired, so that the lower inside edge of the mould rests thereon
instead of on a bed of sand rammed up within a groove d, and the surface of the plate
forms the face for the rim of the casting, and such an arrangement is applicable also
in moulding bellied pots and such like hollow-ware utensils in the manner above
described, but such is not recommended in either case, as if the plate is so employed
the utensils will be chilled around their rims.
We are aware that a chill-plate, but without a hedge-hog carried thereupon in the
manner and for the purpose above described, and the employment of which has involved
shell"
the ramming up of the core through an opening in such plate and within a
pattern with the consequent necessity of turning over the parts as when a "drag" is
employed, has been substituted for a "drag" in moulding hollow-ware previously to
the date of our invention, and we make no claim therefore to a chill-plate per se for
such purpose, nor do we recommend the use of a chill-plate in any form for the purpose,

page_text: as a plate with a groove therein for moulding sand to be rammed into as described for
the purpose set forth, is preferable.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. The improved process of and apparatus employed in preparing moulds, for casting
hollow-ware utensils of such character that the pattern may be lifted from off the
mould and the core-box from the core without in either case having to be parted
therefor, in which a plate carrying a hedge-hog for the core and having, preferably,
a groove therein into which moulding sand is rammed with perforations or openings
from such groove for the escape of air, is substituted for the "drag" usually employed,
substantially as described, for the purpose set forth.
2. The improved process of and apparatus employed in preparing moulds for casting
hollow-ware utensils of the character referred to in claim 1, according to which the
body or pattern is rammed up in a box carried upon a plate supporting a block pattern
and the core is rammed up within a box removably fitted upon a plate supporting a
hedge-hog, said plate being, preferably, formed with a groove in its upper face which
is open to the core-box and which extends also under the edge thereof and has
perforations or openings for the escape of air and into which the moulding sand is
rammed as the core is rammed up, the mould being made up for casting by removing
the core-box from the core and the moulding-box from the pattern and placing the
latter box over the core so as to fit down upon the plate just as the core-box was
previously fitted thereto, and securing such moulding-box upon the plate, all substantially
as described, for the purpose set forth.
3. The method of and apparatus employed in preparing moulds, for casting hollow-
ware of the character referred to in claim 1, substantially as described (by way of
example as applied to the preparation of a mould for a stew pan) with reference to the
drawings herewith, for the purpose set forth.
4. The plate E with groove d therein substantially as described and shewn for the
purpose set forth.
5. In the process of moulding bellied pots and such like hollow-ware utensils
according to the system above described with reference thereto, ramming sand into a
groove (having perforations or openings for the escape of air) in the plate carrying the
hedge-hog for the core so as to form the face for the rim of the utensil and a bed or
joint for the body mould, substantially as described, for the purpose of obviating the
necessity of making the usual bevelled sand joint or, otherwise (but with less advantage)
using such plate simply as a chill plate for the same purpose.
6. In apparatus used in moulding bellied pots and such like hollow-ware utensils on
the system above described with reference thereto, a groove formed in the face of the
plate supporting the hedge-hog for the core, substantially as described, for the purpose
set forth.
7. The combination of a projecting rim e of a core-box F with a groove d of a
plate E (said groove having perforations or openings for the escape of air), for
employment both in moulding hollow-ware utensils of the character referred to in
claim 1, and in moulding bellied pots and such like hollow-ware utensils on the system
above described with reference thereto, substantially as described for the purpose set
forth.
STEPHEN WATKINS,
Wolverhampton and Walsall,
Agent for the Applicants.