IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER CASKS OR VESSELS AND IMPROVED APPARATUS IN CONNECTION THEREWITH, PART OF WHICH IS APPLICABLE TO CASKS OR VESSELS MADE OF OTHER MATERIAL
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Friedrich Carl Glaser, of Berlin in the Kingdom of
Prussia and Empire of Germany, Engineer and Patent Solicitor, for an
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER CASKS OR
VESSELS AND IMPROVED APPARATUS IN CONNECTION THEREWITH, PART OF
WHICH IS APPLICABLE TO CASKS OR VESSELS MADE OF OTHER MATERIAL
communicated to him by Friedrich Westphal a person resident at Bergisch
Gladbach in the Kingdom of Prussia and German Empire.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Friedrich Carl Glaser at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th November 1883.
FRIEDRICH CARL GLASER of Berlin in the Kingdom of Prussia and Empire of
Germany, Engineer and Patent Solicitor, ." IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF PAPER CASKS OR VESSELS AND IMPROVED APPARATUS IN CONNECTION
THEREWITH, PART OF WHICH IS APPLICABLE TO CASKS OR VESSELS MADE OF
"
OTHER MATERIAL A Communication to me by Friedrich Westphal a person
residing at Bergish Gladbach in the Kingdom of Prussia and German Empire.
The present invention relates to the manufacture of air tight and water tight
casks of paper in such a manner that when finished they appear to consist of one
piece and require no seams or connections of any kind for the purpose of increasing
their resisting strength. To this end an endless paper is used the width of which
is equal to to the height of the paper cask it is intended to make, and the jointing
together of the several paper layers which are brought over one another by
winding up the endless paper to a cylindrical form, is accomplished by the
application of an air and water tight lacker binding material which may consist
of known lackers with an admixture of a suitable quantity of shellac or other
good binding or sticking or isolating material. The paper employed for the
purpose must be a very good and extremely firm rag, hemp, or other paper; the
cross section of the cask may be of any convenient circular, oval, or square form,
but in all cases however it must be prismatic.
In Fig: 1 of the accompanying Drawing one end of a cask so constructed is
represented in cross section. For the object of this invention the endless paper is
wound on a roller to a cylindrical form during which operation the several layers
are stuck together by means of the aforesaid lacker binding material, so that each,
layer of the paper is already air. and water tight of and for itself. The cylinder
thus formed is coated over outside and inside with the said lacker. When the

page_text: cylinder in the course of the winding operation has attained a certain thickness
(equal to a in the drawing) a piece K is cut neatly and exactly off each end of the
cylinder in a machine in such manner that the endless paper still forming the
cylinder shall not be cut into at the same time so that therefore the ends K, K,
Fig 2, shall through the medium of the roll of endless paper still be connected to
the main central cylinder C. The winding of the cylinder is now further proceeded
with as before, only, that for a single revolution the application of the lacker
binding material to both of the cylinder recesses is dispensed with and during this
revolution the sticking operation is performed on the central cylinder only. After
this single revolution the winding in conjunction with the sticking operation is
proceeded with precisely as before, and, in effect, until the cylinder body has been
made of the strength corresponding to the purpose for which it is intended. Then
the parts cut off the cylinder when it was less strong, are taken out and thus a
paper cylinder is produced having shoulders corresponding to the pieces cut out as
shewn in Fig: 3. The heads are now laid with the aid of the air and water tight
.lacker binding material against the head surfaces. of the recesses situated within
the cylinder. These heads are of the same material as the cylinder being made
out of extremely firm rag, hemp or other paper placed in superposed layers in
conjunction with the water tight and air tight lacker, and by means of machinery
forined exactly round and of such dimensions that they close the cylinder perfectly.
They, like the cylinder body are coated over, inside and outside with the lacker
and also like the front surfaces smeared with the lacker binding material. Thus
the heads are fixed throughout to the inner circumference of the projecting part of
the cylindrical cask. When the head has been fixed in this manner, the piece cut
off as previously stated from each end of the cylinder to about half the thickness
of the body part is again inserted under pressure within the projecting ends of the
cylinder up to the head and the portion that protrudes to the extent of the
thickness of the head is cut away. This cylinder cutting where it bears against
the head or body surface is smeared over with the air tight and water tight lacker
binding material so that it then becomes jointed to the body part and head. The
cask is now finished and is so to speak, made of one casting.
In order to give the same the utmost possible solidity, the piece cut off from
the outer ring in the manner described may be connected to the projecting part of
the cylinder by means of a suitable number of copper rivets with flat heads let in
and several, layers of paper then stuck on the outer as well as on the inner
circumference of the cask body with the aforesaid binding material so that the
rivets do not come to the surface at any part
In such casks which are intended for transport a second fixed paper ring may be
inserted so as to come against the head within the piece cut off and afterwards
added as shewn in Fig: 4. This latter is made conical on its outer edge and
rounded off towards the outside. By means of this part which may be termed a
hand ring a sure hold is provided for the hands to lift the cask by each end. This
hand ring may also according to its breadth either be rivetted to the outer body or
to the cask head, or be rivetted to the former and screwed to the latter, but in any
case connected beforehand to the head and body by the lacker binding material.
For casks that are destined to contain fluid, strengthening pieces are applied to the
body part at the bung and tap holes. These are first stuck on, then rivetted and
the rivets afterwards further plastered over in the manner described. For casks
designed to be used for dry substances the aperture in the head and the
hermetical closing of the same may be effected in any suitable manner whether by
a conical or outlet bung which may subsequently be again covered over with paper,
or by an inner or outer bolt or wedge closure or by a screw fastening
:
A closing arrangement is shewn in the head represented in Fig: 4 by which the
place of closure is suitably strengthened and the rivets or screws used in the
strengthened part are plastered over.
A special closing arrangement is shown in Figs :-5 and 6 of the accompanying
drawing. In this case the head b, consisting of the paper substance is provided

page_text: with a female screw thread so cut as to be intercepted at intervals by recesses.
The closing stopper c which passes into this screw thread has a similar number of
recesses provided in its screw thread so that in the manner of the bayonet joint it
may pass into the aperture and the same be closed by a slight turn. To obtain a
perfectly tight closure of the joints a packing piece is laid in a groove d made in
the head over which groove is arranged a metallic plate. c. In the course of
making the screwthreaded paper stopper, a bolt f formed with a head is set
therein, such bolt being provided at the end with a nut g by which the metallic
plate may be tightened up. The nut has two trunnions over. which is passed a
.handle i, for operating the same, which latter at the ends l, which take on to the
pivots have eccentric shaped bosses. In this construction by simply inserting and
slightly turning the stopper the aperture is at once closed; by turning round the
nut through the handle the packing piece is pressed down and by turning down
the handle with, eccentric ends the whole becomes firmly jointed together. By the
use of this and other known kinds of packing the joints are made perfectly tight.
If as is frequently the case with reference to casks for transport an arrangement
is desired by which rapid closing and opening may be effected without having any
parts projecting outward, the closure represented in Figs 7 to 10 which perfectly
answers this purpose may be applied. Here B is the head of the cask in which a
conical aperture a, b, l, m, e, f, k, and an encircling groove Q are made. Into this
conical part of the head is passed a stopper a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, having an inner
hollow space in which a double armed lever P may work. This latter is connected
to two bolts' O and N, which are provided with two long slots for making the
connection with the double lever and which may work backwards and forwards in
apertures arranged in the stopper. The double armed lever P is carried on a
square pin S, the circular step for which is provided, in the lower part of the
stopper, the upper end of the pin being firmly fixed in a plate with slots for the
reception of a key. Both of the bolts N and O are tapered off at top so that when
they are shot out by a corresponding turn of the plate, they, catching in the
groove bear against the upper surface of this groove and so fix the stopper in the
conical aperture. The packing material laid on the shoulder of the conical aperture
effects (in conjunction with pressure of the stopper into the conical aperture) &
thoroughly tight jointing.
.
If it should sometimes appear necessary to have a double joint instead of the
single joint above described and represented on the drawing, then, as shown in
Fig: 10, a second india rubber packing piece is employed, the closing stopper is
provided with an outer flange A and on the upper surface a groove is arranged at
H, so that in addition to the joint G already employed in the previously described
construction the second joint H is also employed.
The following advantages may be mentioned as belonging to this kind of closure.
By the simple turning of the plate with a key it may be as easily and as quickly.
unfastened as fastened.
The stopper may be inserted at any point as the locking device acts at any part
of the groove by reason of its running right round in a circle; there are no
projecting parts, and finally:
By the combination of the cònical joint surfaces with the intermediate packing
material, a double security is given to the closure.
The closure may be employed for casks for transport of any construction and
made of any material, only the material must be chosen with reference to the
dimensions of the several parts. If the same be employed for the paper casks
herein before described, it is preferred to make the bolts N, and O, of wood, the
double lever P, pin S, and slide plate of brass, and, in' making the stopper from
single layers of firm rag paper stuck over each other, the copper rivets with flat
heads are fixed therein previous to placing on the last top and bottom paper layers,
in order that the firmness of the stopper piece may be increased.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Friedrich Carl Glaser in the Patent Office on the 20th May 1884.
FRIEDRICH CARL GLASER, of Berlin, in the Kingdom of Prussia and Empire of
Germany, Engineer and Patent Solicitor, "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF PAPER CASKS OR VESSELS AND IMPROVED APPARATUS IN CONNECTION THERE-
WITH, PART OF WHICH IS APPLICABLE TO CASKS OR VESSELS MADE OF OTHER
MATERIAL A Communication to me by Friedrich Westphal a person resident at
Bergisch Gladbach in the Kingdom of Prussia and German Empire.
"
This invention relates to the production of air and water tight casks and other
vessels of paper in such manner that when finished they appear as though
consisting of one piece only, and so that no hoop or similar connections are required
for them, either for increasing the holding strength of the same, or for insuring the
secure fixing of the ends in the casing of the cask, and also to a peculiar closing
arrangement for such casks and vessels.
The process of their production is as follows:-reference being had to the
accompanying Sheet of Drawing and to the Figures and Letters of reference
marked thereon:-
After having by means of winding over a core, an endless paper strip of the
required width covered over with a lacker binding substance-formed a corre-
spondly thick cylinder C (see Figure 1) an incision a-b is made by means of a
machine at each end k of this cylinder into the thickness of the paper already
wound; the endless paper serving for the production of the casing is however not
cut off
The winding of the casing is now proceeded with until the necessary thickness
is reached, but the paper at both ends k is not for a single revolution covered over
with the lacker material at the place where the incisions have been made.
A casing has now been produced like that shown in Figure 2; the two
sections D, D, Figure are then taken out and thus the inside shoulders for the
ends are formed as is shown in Figure 3. The ends which exactly fit into the
casing are, after having been smeared over on their outer edges with the lacker
binding material, now pressed therein so as to form an air tight joint. Then the
sections D, D, cut from the casing after being smeared over with the lacker binding
material on their outer and lower cut surfaces are again introduced as is shown in
Figure 4, which represents one end.
The ends like the casing consist of any suitable number of layers of paper bound
together by means of binding material.
.
In the case of casks that are intended to be used for liquids, strengthening parts
are applied at the places destined for the bung and tap holes respectively in the
casing, and in the end as shown in Fig: 4. These strengthening parts are then
stuck on with binding material and afterwards riveted, the rivets being finally again
covered over with lacker bound layers of paper. For casks intended to be used for
dry substances the aperture in the end and the hermetic closure of the same may
be provided in any suitable manner, whether it be by means of a conical or a
shoulder bung, to be afterwards covered over with paper, or by means of an inner
or outer bolt or wedge closure, or by a screw arrangement.
A special form of this closure is shewn in Figures 5 and 6 of the accompanying
Drawing. In this case a female screw thread is so cut in the cask head b, made of
paper, that at some parts of the thread breaks or recesses are provided. The
closure stopper o which has to pass into the female screw thread has also a similar
number of breaks or recesses in its screw thread, so that it may, in the manner of

page_text: the well known bayonet joint, be introduced, and the closing operation be effected,
by a slight turn. In order that the joint may be perfectly tight, a joint piece is
laid in the groove d, provided in the aperture of the cask, over which is placed a
metallic plate e, passing into the groove. When the screwed paper stopper is in
course of being made, a bolt f, provided with a head is placed therein, such bolt
carrying on its end a nut g, by means of which the metallic plate may be tightened
up. The nut has two pivots h, on which is fitted a handle for working it, this
latter, at its ends 1, which embrace the pivots, being formed with eccentric
swellings. By this method of construction the closure is operated by the simple
insertion and slight turning of the stopper; by turning round the nut through the
handle the joint piece is pressed upon; and by turning down the handle provided
with eccentric ends the whole is firmly tightened up. By the use of this joint piece,
and also by other methods of forming joints, a perfectly tight sealing of the joint
surfaces will be obtained.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the Invention
Communicated to me as aforesaid and in what manner the same is to be performed
I declare that what I claim is :-
Firstly-In paper vessels of suitable form, notably of cylindrical prismatic and
similar forms, the process of inserting the ends in such manner, that;
a-When the cask casing has been formed up to a certain point by winding and
rings cut of suitable width off both ends, but not removed from their place, then,
so arranging that the remaining portion of the paper strip shall not be cut
through.
b-In the subsequent winding operation, winding round the paper strip at the
freed ends to which it is not lackered.
c-At both ends the taking out of the interior parts up to the unlackered portion
and to where the incision has been operated.
d-The heads pressed into the enlarged opening after previous smearing over
with binding material.
e-Then again inserting the cut out sections which are also smeared with
binding material.
f-Finally finishing off the projecting end in a corresponding manner.
Secondly:-The closure represented in Figures 5 and 6, consisting of the
arrangement of an interrupted female screw thread in the aperture at the cask
head, of the corresponding arrangement of the screw thread on the closure stopper,
and the connecting both together by means of a joint piece pressed upon by a
plate e, which joint is rendered tight by a hand ring i, the eccentric swellings (, of
which are fitted on the pivots h of the nut g.
In witness whereof I the said Friedrich Carl Glaser have hereunto set my hand
and seal this eighth day of May in the year of our Lord One thousand Eight
hundred and Eighty four
חזתמתחזה
T AT LORD
FRIEDRICH CARL GLASE
(4.5.)