Improvements in and connected with Looms for Weaving Wire Gauze or the like.
Year: 1898

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with Looms for Weaving Wire Gauze
or the like.
I, EDWARD HOLLINGWORTH, of Hutchinson, Hollingworth, and Company, Limited,
of Dobcross, in the County of York, Loom Makers, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention to be as follows:-
"
This invention relates to power looms which are specially constructed to weave
gauze or the like from wire warp and weft, and the object of my improvements
therein is to increase the efficiency of the loom or some of its principal parts and
avoid certain disadvantages attaching to the present wire weaving looms or parts
employed therein. For the purpose of my invention I mount the "back rest
or roller, or beam, over which the warp is guided from the winding_off_beam
to the healds, in adjustable bearings on one end of bell crank or similar levers
located at each side of the loom and pivotted on studs secured thereto, the
opposite arms of said levers being provided with friction bowls or pulleys, or
engaging with friction bowls or pulleys carried by the going part of the loom.
These levers are vibrated or oscillated upon their centres by the action of the
'lay" and cause the "back rest" to move backward and forward, the direction
of movement being always the reverse of the movement of the "lay," that is to
say, when the lay moves to the back centre, the back rest moves forward, and
when the lay beats up, said back rest moves backward, the result of which is that
when forming the shed the tension on the wire warp is removed and allows the
healds to be actuated with ease and without the weight of the warp bearing
thereon, but when the lay is beating up, the wire warp is drawn tight and main-
tained at the proper degree of tension. If the warp instead of being wound on
a beam is wound on bobbins which are placed in a creel at the back of the loom,
I dispense with the back rest and parts above described and in place thereof
employ two nipping rollers between which the warp is passed and drawn off the
bobbins thereby. The bottom roller of the pair is mounted in fixed bearings
and is capable of being rotated by friction or suitable worm gearing. The upper
roller is mounted in slotted bearings in side levers centred on the shaft of the
bottom roller and is pressed against the bottom roller by means of screws or other
suitable or equivalent arrangement for imparting and adjusting the pressure
between the two rollers. At the lower ends of the side levers are toothed segments
which gear with toothed quadrants mounted on a cross shaft and forming part
of or being connected with weighted levers.
When the warp is drawn through the rollers in forming the “shed," it oscil-
lates the side levers and raises the weighted levers, which on the closing or
changing of the "shed' or when the warp is otherwise released descend and
reinstate the parts in their former position.
To better adapt the healds or mails to give to any abnormal movement of the
warp when the tension of the warp is removed, but more particularly when the
correct formation of the "shed is prevented or interfered with by broken ends
or kinks in the weft, I attach the wire mails or healds by short lengths of cotton

page_text: or other flexible thread to the top shaft or cross piece of a frame, and from their
free lower ends, I suspend weights or lingoes which are kept apart from the
lingoes of adjacent healds by suitable cross bars or guides attached to the lower
ends of the frames. The flexible thread connections allow the wire mails to give
to any abnormal movement of the warp wires from any cause whatever, as when
the weft or warp breaks or doubles up or kinks and is caught in the shed, and as
a consequence, the bringing down or breaking of a number of warp wires from such
cause is prevented, and the extensive damages made in the fabric when fixed
healds or mails are employed are entirely avoided.
In order to hold the selvage wires when the loom is picking and perform
similar functions to the temple in ordinary cloth weaving looms, I secure at each
end to a self adjusting cross rod suitable fingers having their extremities turned
up at right angles and pointed to adapt same to pass freely between the selvage
wires. On the front of the running board or going part two cam or inclined or
curved surfaces or plates are secured, these being adapted to ride under and
engage with the fingers or temple spikes during the backward and forward
stroke of the lay or going part, whereby said temple spikes are raised and
lowered. Springs are employed to hold the temple spikes or fingers in contact
with the cam surfaces. When the "shed
is fully open and the lay at the back
centre the temple spikes are in their highest position and extend between the
selvage wires in which position they practically remain until the lay arrives
nearly at the front centre, when the shape of the cam surface allows the spiked
fingers to be drawn clear of the "shed," prior to the reed beating up against the
last shoot of weft.
"
The temple spikes or fingers are retreated bodily out of the way of the dents
of the reed as it beats up by means of projections on the going part which
engage with the parts supporting the cross rod and force the whole backward
against the resistance of springs which re-instate the parts again when released.
My improvements relate, lastly, to the shuttles employed in the aforesaid looms.
I dispense entirely with bobbins for the weft, and employ cross wound cops
which are laid in recesses or openings formed in the shuttle, the nose of the cop
being inserted in a conical mouthpiece through which the wire weft is drawn from
the nose of the cop. In another recess or chamber in the shuttle are a number
of small friction bowls or studs around which the wire weft is carried in any
order to give the tension required. After passing around the friction owls,
or they may be discs, the weft is guided through the side of the shuttle. Suitable
hinged spring caps or covers are provided for each recess or opening in the shuttle.
Dated this 19th day of September 1898.
TASKER & CROSSLEY,
Patent Agents, Huddersfield,
Agents for Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with Looms for Weaving Wire Gauze
or the like.
I, EDWARD HOLLINGWORTHI, of Hutchinson Hollingworth and Company, Limited,
of Dobcross, in the County of York, Power Loom Makers, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:
This invention relate, to power looms which are specially consueted to weave
gauze or the like from wire warp and weft, and the object of my improvement.

page_text: 66
"
therein is to increase the efficiency of the loom or some of its principal parts and
avoid certain disadvantages attaching to the present wire weaving looms or parts
employed therein. For the purpose of my invention I mount the back rest
or roller, or beam over which the warp is guided from the winding off beam
to the healds, in adjustable bearings on one end of bell crank or similar levers
located at each side of the loom and pivotted on studs secured thereto, the
opposite arms of said levers being provided with friction bowls or pulleys, or
engaging with friction bowls or pulleys carried by the going part of the loom.
These levers are vibrated or oscillated upon their centres by the action of the
"lay" and cause the "back rest" to move backward and forward, the direction
of movement being always the reverse of the movement of the "lay," that is to
say, when the lay moves to the back centre, the back rest moves forward, and
when the lay beats up, said back rest moves backward, the result of which is that
when forming the shed the tension on the wire warp is removed and allows the
healds to be actuated with ease and without the weight of the warp bearing
thereon, but when the lay is beating up, the wire warp is drawn tight and main-
tained at the proper degree of tension. If the warp instead of being wound on
a beam is wound on bobbins which are placed in a creel at the back of the loom,
I dispense with the back rest and parts above described and in place thereof
employ two nipping rollers between which the warp is passed and drawn off the
bobbins thereby. The bottom roller of the pair is mounted in fixed bearings
and is capable of being rotated by friction or suitable worm gearing. The upper
roller is mounted in slotted bearings in side levers centred in the shaft of the
bottom roller and is pressed against the bottom roller by means of screws or other
suitable or equivalent arrangement for imparting and adjusting the pressure
between the two rollers. At the lower ends of the side levers are toothed segments
which gear with toothed quadrants mounted on a cross shaft and forming part
of or being connected with weighted levers.
When the warp is drawn through the rollers in forming the "shed," it oscil-
lates the side levers and raises the weighted levers, which on the closing or
changing of the "shed"
or when the warp is otherwise released descend and
re-instate the parts in their former position.
To better adapt the healds or mails to give to any abnormal movement of the
warp when the tension of the warp is removed, but more particularly when the
correct formation of the shed" is prevented or interfered with by broken ends
or kinks in the weft, I attach the wire mails or healds by short lengths of cotton
or other flexible thread to the top shaft or cross piece of a trame, and from their
free lower ends, I suspend weights or lingoes which are kept apart from the
lingoes of adjacent healds by suitable cross bars or guides attached to the lower
ends of the frames. The flexible thread connections allow the wire mails to give
to any abnormal movement of the warp wires from any cause whatever, as when
the weft or warp breaks or doubles up or kinks and is caught in the shed, and as
a consequence, the bringing down or breaking of a number of warp wires from such
cause is prevented, and the extensive damages made in the fabric when fixed
healds or mails are employed are entirely avoided.
In order to hold the selvage wires when the loom is picking and perform
similar functions to the temple in ordinary cloth weaving looms, I secure at each
end to a self adjusting cross rod suitable fingers having their extremities turned
up at right angles and pointed to adapt same to pass freely between the selvage
wires. On the front of the running board or going part two cam or inclined or
curved surfaces or plates are secured, these being adapted to ride under and
engage with the fingers or temple spikes during the backward and forward
stroke of the lay or going part, whereby said temple spikes are raised and
lowered. Springs are employed to hold the temple spikes or fingers in contact
with the cam surfaces. When the "shed is fully open and the lay at the back
centre the temple spikes are in their highest position and extend between the
selvage wires in which position they practically remain until the lay arrives

page_text: nearly at the front centre, when the shape of the cam surface allows the spiked
fingers to be drawn clear of the "shed," prior to the reed beating up against the
last shoot of weft.
The temple spikes or fingers are retreated bodily out of the way of the dents
of the reed as it beats up by means of projections on the going part which
engage with the parts supporting the cross rod and force the whole backward
against the resistance of springs which re-instate the parts again when released.
My improvements relate lastly to the shuttles employed in the aforesaid looms.
I dispense entirely with bobbins for the weft, and employ cross wound cops
which are laid in recesses or openings formed in the shuttle the nose of the cop
being inserted in a conical mouthpiece through which the wire weft is drawn from
the nose of the cop. In another recess or chamber in the shuttle are a number
of small friction bowls or studs around which the wire weft is carried in any
order to give the tension required. After passing around the friction bowls,
or they may be discs, the weft is guided through the side top or bottom of the
shuttle as desired. Suitable hinged spring caps or covers are provided for each
recess or opening in the shuttle.
In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is side elevation partly in section, of so much of a loom for weaving
wire gauze and the like, as is essential to shew the application of my improve-
ments:
Fig. 2 is sectional elevation of alternative means for slackening the warp for
shedding when such warp is drawn off bobbins mounted in a creel instead of from
the warp beam as in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is plan of the near temple spike and parts shewn in elevation at the left
hand of Fig. 1, the gauze support attached to the breast beam being omitted;
Fig. 4 is plan view of my improved shuttle for wire weaving looms; and
Fig. 5 is enlarged cross section taken on line 1, 2, of Fig. 4.
:
Referring firstly to Fig. 1 letter a represents the near side frame of the loom, por-
tions of which are broken away to shew some of the parts more clearly; b the crank
shaft the crank connected by rod to the arme of the lathe sword; e¹ the
"lay" or going part of the loom centred at e²; and f the healds frames attached
at their upper ends by straps or the like to rolls or pulleys f¹ on the oscillating or
rocking shaft f and connected at their lower ends to the treadle levers f" all said
parts being arranged actuated and acting in the ordinary well known way.
On studs g at both inner sides of and at the rear of the loom, are pivotted bell
crank or other suitable levers provided at on the short upright ends of said
levers with open bearings wherein is mounted the shatt of a back rest or roller i
over which the wire warp jis guided from the warp beam to the healds. The
long arms of the levers h extend over and rest upon the peripheries of anti-friction
pullies or bowls mounted on studs secured to the sides of the arms of the
layor going part. These levers are vibrated or oscillated upon their centres g
by the constantly changing position of the pullies or bowls as they are carried
backward and forward with the "lay" or going part the long arms of the levers,
by reason of their weight being held always in contact with the said bowls and
therefore following their movements faithfully whereby the back roller or rest i
is caused to move backward and forward simultaneously with, but in reverse
order to, the movement of the "
"lay or going part that is to say, as the "lay"
moves to the back centre for shedding, the back rest or roller moves forward
toward the front of the loom as shown in full line in Fig. 1 and as the lay moves
to the front centre to beat up the weft, said back roller i moves backward to its
rear position as indicated by dotted lines in Fig. 1, the result of this vibration
of the back roller being that, when forming the "shed," the tension on the wire
warp is removed and allows the healds to be actuated with perfect ease and without
the weight or tension of the warp bearing thereon, but when the lay is beating
up, the wire warp is drawn tight again and maintained at its proper degree of
tension.
"
In the event of the wire warp being wound on bobbins mounted in a creel at

page_text: the rear of the loom instead of being wound upon a warp beam as in Fig. 1, I
employ the means shewn at Fig. 2, in which a pair of nipping rollers i, i, are
employed to draw the wire off the bobbins. The bottom roller i is mounted in
fixed bearings and is capable of being rotated by friction or suitable worm
gearing. The upper rollers is mounted in slotted bearings in side
levers centred on the shaft of the bottom roller i, and is pressed against
said bottom roller by means of screws or other suitable or equivalent devices for
imparting and adjusting the pressure between the two rollers. At the lower
ends of the side levers h are toothed segments h¹ which gear with toothed quad-
rants mounted on a cross shaft h³ whereon are also mounted weighted levers h*,
or said levers may be attached to or formed integral with the quadrants.
..
When the warp is drawn through the rollers i (in the direction of the arrow)
in forming the shed" it oscillates the side levers in the same direction and
eases or slackens the warp but, when the "shed" is changed or closed, or the warp
otherwise released, the parts are re-instated in their normal positions by the
action of the weighted levers which, through the segments and quadrants have
been placed in an elevated position by the action of the motion in easing or slack-
ening the warp.
For the purpose of adjusting the wire healds or mails 7 to give to any abnormal
movement of the wire warp when the tension thereon is removed, but more parti-
cularly when the correct formation of the "shed" is prevented, or interfered with
by broken ends or kinks in the weft. I attach the wire mails or healds / by
short lengths of cotton or other flexible thread or material m to the top shafts
or cross heads of the heald frames f, and from the lower ends of said mails I
suspend weighted lingoes which are kept apart from the lingoes of adjacent
healds by cross bars or guides f* secured to the lower ends of the heald frames f.
The flexible thread connections allow the wire healds or mails to give to any
abnormal movement of the warp wires from any cause whatever, such as, when
the weft or warp breaks or doubles up, or kinks and is caught in the "shed,"
whereby instead of bringing down or breaking a number of the warp wires as
heretofore such a result is prevented and the extensive damages made in the
woven gauze or wire work material when fixed healds or mails are employed,
are by said flexible connections substantially avoided.
The next part of my invention comprises means for holding the selvage wires
or edges of the woven wire work when the loom is picking and to perform functions
similar to the temple" employed in ordinary cloth looms.
"
This part of my invention is illustrated on the left hand of Fig. 1 and comprises
two temple fingers n (only one being seen) which are turned up at their extremi-
ties and pointed, one finger being placed at one side, and the other at the opposite
side of the loom and lineable with the selvages of the gauze being woven.
These
temple spikes n are mounted loosely on a cross rod or shaft o carried in sliding
bearers which are supported in openings in the breast beam and are moveable
endwise therein to a given extent, being held normally in their advanced position
(as shewn in full line) by spiral springs of surrounding the spindles o of the
bearers o' and confined between the front wall of the breast beam and the enlarged
ends of the sliding bearers. On the front of the running board or going part,
are secured in line with the temple spikes n, inclined or curved fingers or plates g
which are adapted to ride under and engage with the temple spikes n during the
backward and forward stroke of the "lay or forming part and thereby alternately
raise and lower said spikes. Springs may be connected to the temple spikes if
desired, to hold them in contact with the fingers when under same.
The action of the temple spikes is as follows: When the "shed" is fully open
and the "lay" or going part at the back centre, as shewn in full line in Fig. 1,
the temple spikes n are held in their highest position by the fingers or plates
and extend between the selvage wires, as shewn, thus holding the edges of the
wire woven material while the loom is picking in a similar manner to the temple
of cloth weaving looms. The temple spikes remain in their elevated position,

page_text: practically until the "lay" or going part arrives nearly at the front centre when
the fingers or plates y in their are of movement, pass clear of the said temple
spikes and thereby allow the latter to drop below the level of the woven gauze j
and clear of the shed or to be drawn by springs out of contact with the gauze, as
illustrated in dotted lines in Fig. 1. Openings are made through the rear side
of the breast beam to receive the ends of the fingers or plates q (as shewn) when
advanced to the extent of their forward movement by the beat up of the "lay"
or going part.
33
In order that the temple spikes may be retreated bodily out of the way of the
dents of the reed as the lay et beats up, adjustable stops rare secured to brackets
bolted to the front of the running board or lay, these being set so that they will
engage with the sliding bearers o just prior to the lay arriving at the front
centre, whereby the said bearers with the shaft or cross rod o held in same, and
therefore the temple spikes n mounted on said rod or shaft, are forced bodily
against the resistance of the springs toward the front of the loom and away
from the advancing reed as shewn in dotted line in Fig. 1.
On the lay receding or moving to the back centre again the springs ², expand
and re-instate the cross rod or shaft and temple spikes in their normal position,
and the latter being re-engaged by the curved fingers or plates q are elevated and
the spikes thereon forced between the selvage wires in readiness for the loom
picking again.
My improvements relate lastly to the shuttles employed in wire weaving looms.
Referring to Figs. 4 and 5, s represents the body of the shuttle in which is
formed a recess or opening s¹ adapted to receive a copt whose nose enters a conical
mouthpiece or outlets through which the wire weft is drawn through or from
the nose of the cop, into a second chamber or recess in the shutle wherein are
mounted, side by side on vertical studs or pins, a number of small friction bowls
or pullies or they may be discs, partially around which the wire weft is passed
in any desired order to give the tension on the weft required. After leaving
the friction bowls the weft is guided out from the side of the shuttle between a
pair of rolls w, w. If it is desired to draw the weft out of the shuttle from the
top or bottom thereof, instead of from the side as shewn each roll w, w, would be
placed with its axis horizontal instead of vertical.
The shuttle described is constructed more particularly to take cross wound cops
of wire, my intention being to dispense entirely with bobbins for the weft, but
I may apply the same tension arrangement as in the shuttle herein set forth to
shuttles having the ordinary revolving spools or bobbins.
The cross wound cop t is held in its place in the recess or chamber s by a
hinged cap or cover while a similar hinged cap or cover y in the chamber or
recess u is also provided to prevent the weft slipping off the tension bowls. Each
said cap is maintained in its closed position by the pressure of the spiral springs al
and y engaging at one end with the body of the shuttle and at the opposite ends
with their respective caps. Flat springs could be employed in lieu of spiral
springs for the same purpose.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
"
"
1. In looms for weaving wire gauze or like wire work material, in which the
wire warp is wound upon a warp beam, a vibrating back řest or roller carried by
levers adapted to be oscillated from and by the motion of, the "lay" or going
part of the loom in such manner as to advance said back roller towards the
front of the loom as the "lay" moves to the back centre and thereby slacken or
ease the warp when the shed" is being formed or changed, and to carry said
roller back, in the reverse direction, to its normal position as the "lay" moves to
the front centre to tighten the warp again to its proper degree of tension prior
LL

page_text: to the "lay" beating up against the last shoot of weft, substantially as herein
shewn and described.
2. In looms for weaving wire gauze or like wire work material wherein the
ends of the warp are drawn from separate bobbins mounted in a creel at the rear
of the loom, the means for easing the warp when the shed" is being formed or
changed and for tightening it again to its proper tension prior to the loom beating
up, said means comprising a pair of nipping rollers for drawing the warp off the
bobbins, the upper roller being mounted in slotted bearings in levers centred on
the axis of the bottom driven roller, said levers having toothed segments at their
lower ends which gear into quadrants mounted on a cross shaft, weighted levers
also mounted on the said cross shaft, or secured to or formed integral with the
quadrants, and means for imparting pressure to the top roller, substantially as
herein set forth with reference to Fig. 2.
3. In looms for weaving wire gauze or the like the combination with wire
healds or mails having weighted lingoes suspended therefrom, and heald frames
for carrying and supporting same, of flexible connections m composed of cotton
or other suitable flexible thread or material for connecting the wire healdsto
the cross bars at the head of the heald frames, substantially as and for purposes
herein shewn and described.
4. The combination with looms for weaving wire gauze or the like, of means
for holding the selvages of the gauze or woven wire work material, comprising
temple spikes or pointed fingers arranged at each side of the loom and preferably
carried by sliding bearers supported by the breast beam, the means for and
method of actuating said fingers as the lay oscillates backward and forward in
order to engage the pointed ends of the fingers or spikes with the selvage wires
before the loom picks and allow of their withdrawal from the "shed" previous
to the loom beating up and the means for retreating said temple fingers bodily
out of the way of the dents of the reed as it beats up for and for re-instating the
parts again in their normal positions as the lay moves to the back centre sub-
stantially as herein set forth.
5. The combination and arrangement in a shuttle for wire weaving looms, of
a recess or chamber constructed to hold a cross wound cop and provided at the
outlet end with a conical opening or mouthpiece to receive the nose of the cop,
and through which the weft is drawn from the cop a spring cap extending over
and holding said cop in position in the chamber, and means for putting tension
on the weft, substantially as set forth with reference to Figs. 4 & 5.
6. The combination with a shuttle for wire weaving looms of means for putting
tension on the weft said means comprising a number of friction bowls, rolls, or
discs set apart side by side with supplementary rolls, or bowls for guiding the
weft out of the shuttle, and a spring cap or cover extending over the recess or
chamber in which the tension bowls are located and holding the weft on the said
bowls substantially as herein set forth.
D: 10+1 Joy of Tuno 1899
TASKER & CROSSLEY,
Patent Agents, Huddersfield,
Agents for Applicant.