Year: 1898

page_text: I, HENRY EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 6, Bream's Buildings,
Chancery Lane, in the County of London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to a construction of bed and cylinder printing machine
or press in which a reciprocating bed is used in combination with one or more
continuously rotating cylinders. There are many different classes of such presses
employing one or more impression cylinders, and for printing a single side of
one or more sheets, or for perfecting, and in which the cylinder or cylinders make
one or more rotations during a complete reciprocation of the bed, but in all such
presses it is requisite that the cylinder or cylinders shall rotate in contact with
the bed, and move in exact synchronism therewith during the printing operation
or period of impression, and shall rotate with the cylinder surface out of contact
with the bed during another part of the cylinder movement, so as to allow the
return of the bed without printing contact between the bed and cylinder. This
contact of the cylinder with the bed during one part of its movement, and lack
of contact during another part, is usually obtained by raising and lowering the
cylinder out of and into printing contact with the bed, but it may be obtained
otherwise, as by the cylinder having a depressed part that allows the bed to
return without printing contact.
Many different means have been used for reciprocating the bed, with the object
of attaining high speed without the shock and loss of power resulting from sudden
stoppage and reversal of the bed. A most simple and efficient construction for
this purpose is secured by driving the bed with a movement produced by or
corresponding to that of a crank, so that the speed of the bed constantly varies,
being at its maximum in the middle of the stroke of the bed and during the
period of impression, and at its minimum at the ends of its stroke or time of
reversal. In this movement the bed will momentarily stop at the point of re-
versal as the crank is passing the dead centre, and then move at a rapidly
accelerating speed until the maximum speed is nearly reached, then at a slowly
accelerating speed to the middle of the stroke, and a slowly decreasing speed
after passing that point, and then at a more rapidly decreasing speed to the stop
at the point of reversal, this operation then being repeated with the crank on the
opposite side of the centre, and the bed moving in the opposite direction.
.
As the speed of the movement of the bed in such construction will constantly

page_text: change, although much less rapidly at some parts of its movement than at others,
it is obviously important that the speed of the impression cylinder during the
printing operation or period of impression shall vary also, as it must be exactly
synchronous with that of the bed, in order to secure perfect impressions and the
accurate registry of the sheets. If the heavy cylinder be driven throughout at
a variable speed corresponding to that of the bed, there is great loss of power
and strain upon the press, resulting from the change of speed of the cylinder
from a very slow to a very rapid movement, so that such presses, if good print-
ing results are secured, must be run at a comparatively low rate of speed and
with great waste of power.
The especial object of the present invention is to secure in such a crank move-
ment construction, and in other constructions in which the speed of the bed
varies, perfect synchronism of movement of the bed and cylinder during the
printing operation, without undue shock or strain upon the press, or the loss of
power resulting from large variation in the speed of the speed of the cylinder dur-
ing different parts of its movement. This result is secured by providing means for
actuating the cylinder by the bed during the middle part or printing movement
of the bed, and actuating the cylinder during the rest of its movement by a separ-
ate driving mechanism, which is out of operation during the time that the bed
drives the cylinder, this separate driving mechanism being preferably a uniform
speed driving mechanism rotating the cylinder at a uniform speed, substantially
that at which the bed commences and ceases to drive the cylinder, so that there
is no shock as the change in driving of the cylinder is made.
The bed preferably commences and ceases to drive the cylinder as nearly as
possible at the beginning and the end of the printing operation, consistently
with securing perfect synchronism of movement throughout the entire period of
impression, so that the printing operation occurs during that part of the move-
ment of the bed in which the speed of the bed varies but slightly, which extends
for a considerable distance on each side of its highest speed position, and the
cylinder is out of contact with the bed, and driven by the separate driving
mechanism, during that part of the movement of the bed in which its speed varies
largely, that is, before and after the reversal at opposite ends of its movement.
This permits the cylinder to be driven at a uniform rate of speed, approximating
the highest speed of the bed, so that the speed of the cylinder is varied but
slightly during the time that it is driven by the bed.
The construction embodying this portion of the present invention in its pre-
ferred form, consists of a rack & gear connection between the bed and cylinder,
by which the variable movement of the bed is transmitted directly to the cylinder
during the period of impression, that is, while the cylinder is in its lowered
position in constructions emplying a vertically moving cylinder, this gear on
the cylinder being moved out of contact with the rack on the bed, when the cylin-
der is raised after the impression for the return movement of the bed, and the
cylinder is then driven by a separate driving mechanism consisting of a continu-
ously driven gear actuated from the driving shaft of the machine through suit-
able connections, and driving the cylinder through such a connection as to permit
the cylinder to be driven by the bed at a speed in excess of the speed of the separ-
ate driving mechanism during the period of impression.
The connection between the cylinder and separate driving mechanism may be
varied, but in its preferred form consists of a disk having recesses and catches or
pawls engaging said recesses, the disk being carried by the cylinder and pawls
by the driving gear, or vice versa, and so arranged that the pawls will hold the
disk firmly to drive the cylinder with certainty when not driven by the bed, but
permit the pawls to be thrown out of the recesses by the faster movement of the
cylinder, when driven by the bed, the pawls and their engaging recesses in the
dise being arranged at distances apart corresponding to the excess of movement
of the cylinder as driven by the bed, over the movement of the disc or pawls
during a single impression movement of the bed, so that the pawls are in position

page_text: to engage successive recesses at successive operations of the cylinder by the separ-
ate driving mechanism. The disc is preferably carried by the cylinder, and may
be made adjustable circumferentially thereof, so as to secure exactly the desired
position of the pawl engaging recesses relatively to the cylinder, and the engage-
ment of the pawls with the recesses for the operation of the cylinder by the
driving gear at exactly the desired moment relatively to the movement of the
bed.
In order to secure greater certainty in the driving of the cylinder by the separ-
ate driving mechanism promptly upon the release of the cylinder by the bed,
and in the release of the cylinder from the separate driving mechanism, when its
speed is to be increased by the bed, it is preferable to employ means by which the
separate driving mechanism is locked to the cylinder when driving the latter,
and unlocked therefrom when the cylinder is to be driven by the bed. With
the disc and pawl construction above described, this locking may be secured by
suitable devices, such as pressing surfaces carried by a rotating member, that
act to hold the pawls in the disc recesses while the cylinder is thus driven, and
engage & release the pawls at the proper times to secure the desired action in
driving the cylinder by the bed.
The bed may be driven by any suitable variable speed driving mechanism,
but preferably a common railroad gear crank movement is used, and the gear
teeth between the cylinder driving gear of the separate driving mechanism and
its actuating gear are made of a length sufficiently greater than the teeth of the
rack and gear connection between the cylinder and bed, so as not to be thrown
out of contact by the movement of the cylinder, when the latter is raised to separ-
ate the rack and gear and remove the surface of the cylinder from the bed. As
the bed may possibly lag behind the cylinder, especially in presses employing
a very heavy bed, so that the teeth of the gear on the cylinder, and of the rack on
the bed, may not engage smoothly and with certainty at the commencement of
the operation of the cylinder by the bed for the impression movement, it is pre-
ferably to provide means for assuring the correct position of the cylinder and bed
relatively to each other at this time, and a simple and efficient means for this
purpose consists of a bowl carried by the cylinder, and engaging a tooth or stud
on the bed projecting above the rack, and provided with a suitable inclined or
curved face, to assure its engagement by the bowl on the cylinder, and the gradual
bringing of the cylinder and bed into proper relative position for the smooth
engagement of the gear and rack teeth, in case the bed and cylinder are not in
exact driving position relatively to each other, when the driving of the cylinder
by the bed for the impression movement is about to commence. The tooth or stud
may have, and preferably does have, curved or inclined surfaces between which
the bowl runs, so as to assure the correct position of the bed, not only as against
the lagging of the bed behind the cylinder, but also in case it should run ahead
of the cylinder.
Instead of the above means for securing the proper meshing of the cylinder
gear and rack, when the cylinder is to be driven by the bed, I may use, for secur-
ing the same result, a second gear constantly in engagement with a rack on the
bed, and provide means for connecting and disconnecting the cylinder shaft to
and from this gear as the cylinder is lowered and raised, so that the proper posi-
tion of the cylinder and this gear will be assured, when the cylinder is lowered
for the impression movement, and to be driven by the bed, and the proper mesh-
ing of the cylinder gear and rack on the bed thus secured, notwithstanding any
lagging behind or running ahead of the bed relatively to the cylinder. It will
probably be found preferable in this construction to employ a second gear as
described, the cylinder still being driven by the bed through a gear permanently
connected to the cylinder, and meshing with a rack on the bed, but only a single
gear may be used between the cylinder and the bed, and the cylinder connected
and disconnected from this gear as above described, and connected thereto by
means which assure the proper position of the cylinder relatively to the bed when

page_text: it is to be driven thereby, the gear remaining always in mesh with the rack on
the bed, and not being raised and lowered with the cylinder. In such a construction
the cylinder will be driven by the gear meshing with the rack on the bed when
the cylinder is connected to said gear, and will be driven by the separate driving
mechanism above described when it is disconnected from the gear meshing with
the rack on the bed.
While the construction described above embodies this portion of the invention
in the preferred form, the invention includes also constructions of other, forms
for securing the driving of the cylinder by the bed, and by a separate driving
inechanism in the desired manner. In one of such constructions, the cylinder
carries an internally toothed gear wheel, and the separate driving mechanism
includes a continuously driven pinion within said gear wheel, and positioned to
engage the teeth of the internal gear wheel for driving the cylinder when the
cylinder is raised out of printing position, and to disengage the cylinder from
the bed, while the lowering of the cylinder into printing position, and for the
driving of the, cylinder by the bed during the period of impression, moves the
internally toothed gear wheel out of engagement with the pinion driven by the
separate driving mechanism.
Another part of the present invention relates to air cushioning devices which
operate to control the suspending or arresting of the movement of the reciproca-
ting bed of a bed and cylinder printing machine at the end of its stroke. This
portion of the invention includes an improved valve construction for automati-
cally operating to retain the air, and cushion the bed, when the latter is run at
power speed, and to permit the free escape of the air from the cylinder when the
press is operated slowly by hand, so as to allow the press to be thus operated
without resistance by the air cushioning devices, and an improved safety or relief
valve construction controlled by the connecting and disconnecting of the press
to and from the driving shaft, so as to permit the relief valve to open at a lower
pressure when the bed is released from the driving shaft.
The construction embodying this portion of the invention is applicable to all
béd and cylinder presses, whether the speed be constant or variable, and, in the
preferred form, employs air or similar cushioning cylinders having pivote.l
valves weighted to open by gravity, and provided with stops arranged so that the
weight upon the valves properly opposes their movement from open position, so
as to prevent the valves being closed or partially closed when the press is
operated slowly by hand, to permit the free escape of the air from the cylinder
under such conditions, the valves being preferably pivoted flap valves co-acting
with inclined valve seats on the cylinder, through which air ports communicate
directly with the atmosphere, and the stops preferably being arranged to hold
the valves inclined to the vertical when open, thus securing a very efficient
action with a short valve movement and light valve.
The improved safety or relief valve construction consists of a valve opening
from the air cushioning cylinder, & seated upon a lever which is provided with
an adjustable weight, so that by moving this weight upon the lever, the pressure
at which the relief valve will open may be varied, and this weight is connected
with the shipping lever or other controlled device, by which the bed is connected
or disconnected from the, driving shaft, so that the weight is moved upon the
lever on which the valve is seated, to decrease the pressure at. which the relief
valve will open, when the bed is disconnected from the driving shaft, and to
increase the pressure again when the bed is connected to the driving shaft.
By this construction, all danger of injury from the movement of the bed by
momentum, when disconnected from the driving shaft is avoided, the air being
released from the air cushioning cylinders by the opening of the relief valve, so
that the air is not compressed within the cylinder by the bed to such an extent
as to cause the bed to rebound, which otherwise might occur. As the discon-
nection of the bed from the driving shaft is frequently necessary when the bed
is near the end of its stroke, it is important that the air pressure in the cushion-

page_text: ing cylinder shall be relieved immediately and with certainty upon such dis-
connection, and this result is well secured by this construction.
Dated this 15th day of March 1898.
NEWTON & SON,
Agents for the Applicant.
Improvements in Bed and Cylinder Printing Machines.
I, HENRY EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 6, Bream's Buildings,
Chancery Lane, in the County of London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:.
This invention relates to a construction of bed and cylinder printing machines
of those classes in which a reciprocating bed is used in combination with one or
more continuously rotating cylinders. There are many different classes of such
machines employing one or more impression cylinders, and for printing a single.
side of one or more sheets, or for perfecting, and in which the cylinder or cylin-
ders make one or more rotations during a complete reciprocation of the bed, but
in all such machines it is requisite that the cylinder or cylinders shall rotate in
contact with the bed, and move in exact synchronism therewith during the print-
ing operation or period of impression, and shall rotate with the cylinder surface
out of contact with the bed during another part of the cylinder movement, so as
to allow the return of the bed without printing contact between the bed and
cylinder. This contact of the cylinder with the bed during one part of its move-
ment, and lack of contact during another part, is usually obtained by raising and'.
lowering the cylinder out of and into printing contact with the bed, but it may
be obtained otherwise, as by the cylinder having a depressed part that allows the.
bed to return without printing contact.
Many different means have been used for reciprocating the bed, with the object.
of attaining high speed without the shock and loss of power resulting from sudden
stoppage and reversal of the bed. A most simple and efficient construction for:
this purpose, is secured by driving the bed with a movement produced by, or
corresponding to, that of a crank, so that the speed of the bed constantly varies,
being at its maximum in the middle of the stroke of the bed and during the
period of impression, and at its minimum at the ends of its stroke or time of
reversal. In this movement, the bed will momentarily stop at the point of re-
versal as the crank is passing the dead centre, and then move at a rapidly
accelerating speed until the maximum speed is nearly reached, then at a slowly
accelerating speed to the middle of the stroke, and a slowly decreasing speed
after passing that point, and then at a more rapidly decreasing speed to the stop
at the point of reversal, this operation then being repeated with the crank on the
opposite side of the centre, and the bed moving in the opposite direction.
As the speed of the movement of the bed in such construction will constantly
change, although much less rapidly, at some parts of its movement than at others,
it is obviously important that the speed of the impression cylinder during the
printing operation or period of impression, shall vary also, as it must be exactly
synchronous with that of the bed, in order to secure perfect impressions and the
accurate registry of the sheets. If the heavy cylinder be driven throughout at'
a variable speed corresponding to that of the bed, there is great loss of power
and strain upon the machine, resulting from the change of speed of the cylinder.
from a very slow to a very rapid movement, so that such machines, if good print-

page_text: ing results are secured, must be run at a comparatively low rate of speed, and
with great waste of power.
The especial object of the present invention is to secure in such a crank-move-
ment construction, and in other constructions in which the speed of the bed
varies, perfect synchronism of movement of the bed and cylinder during the
printing operation, without undue shock or strain upon the machine, or the loss
of power resulting from large variation in the speed of the cylinder during
different parts of its movement. This result is secured by providing means for
actuating the cylinder by the bed during the middle part or printing movement
of the bed, and actuating the cylinder during the rest of its movement by a separ-
ate driving mechanism, which is out of operation during the time that the bed
drives the cylinder, this separate driving mechanism being preferably a uniform
speed driving mechanism, rotating the cylinder at a uniform speed substantially
that at which the bed commences and ceases to drive the cylinder, so that there
is no shock as the change in driving of the cylinder is made.
The bed preferably commences and ceases to drive the cylinder as nearly as
possible at the beginning and end of the printing operation, consistently
with securing perfect synchronism of movement throughout the entire period of
impression, so that the printing operation occurs during that part of the move-
ment of the bed in which the speed of the bed varies but slightly, which extends
for a considerable distance on each side of its highest speed position, and the
cylinder is out of contact with the bed, and driven by the separate driving
mechanism during that part of the movement of the bed in which its speed varies
largely, that is, before and after the reversal at opposite ends of its movement.
This permits the cylinder to be driven at a uniform rate of speed, approximating
the highest speed of the bed, so that the speed of the cylinder is varied but
slightly during the time that it is driven by the bed.
The construction embodying this portion of the present invention in its pre-
ferred form, consists of a rack and gear connection between the bed and cylinder,
by which the variable movement of the bed is transmitted directly to the cylinder
during the period of impression, that is, while the cylinder is in its, lowered
position, in constructions employing a vertically moving cylinder, this gear on
the cylinder being moved out of contact with the rack on the bed when the cylin-
der is raised, after the impression, for the return movement of the bed, and the
cylinder is then driven by a separate driving mechanism consisting of a continu-
ously driven gear actuated from the driving shaft of the machine, through suit-
able connections, and driving the cylinder through such a connection as to permit
the cylinder to be driven by the bed at a speed in excess of the speed of the separ-
ate driving mechanism during the period of impression.
The connection between the cylinder and separate driving mechanism may be
varied, but in its preferred form consists of a disc having recesses and catches or
pawls engaging said recesses, the disc being carried by the cylinder and the pawls
by the driving gear, or vice versa, and so arranged that the pawls will hold the
disc firmly, to drive the cylinder with certainty when not driven by the bed, but
permit the pawls to be thrown out of the recesses by the faster movement of the
cylinder, when driven by the bed, the pawls and their engaging recesses in the
disc being arranged at distances apart corresponding to the excess of movement
of the cylinder, as driven by the bed, over the movement of the disc or pawls
during a single impression movement of the bed, so that the pawls are in position
to engage successive recesses at successive operations of the cylinder by the separ-
ate driving mechanism. The disc is preferably carried by the cylinder, and may
be made adjustable circumferentially thereof, so as to secure exactly the desired
position of the pawl-engaging recesses relatively to the cylinder, and the engage-
ment of the pawls with the recesses for the operation of the cylinder by the
driving gear, at exactly the desired moment relatively to the movement of the
bed.

page_text: With
In order to secure greater certainty in the driving of the cylinder by the separ-
ate driving mechanism promptly upon the release of the cylinder by the bed,
and in the release of the cylinder from the separate driving mechanism, when its
speed is to be increased by the bed, it is preferable to employ means by which the
separate driving mechanism is locked to the cylinder, when driving the latter,
and unlocked therefrom, when the cylinder is to be driven by the bed.
the disc and pawl construction above described, this locking may be secured by
suitable devices, such as pressing surfaces, carried by a rotating member, that
act to hold the pawls in the disc recesses while the cylinder is thus driven, and
engage and release the pawls at the proper times to secure the desired action in
driving the cylinder by the bed.
The bed may be driven by any suitable variable-speed driving mechanism,
but preferably a common railroad gear crank movement is used, and the gear
teeth between the cylinder driving gear of the separate driving mechanism and
its actuating gear, are made of a length sufficiently greater than the teeth of the
rack and gear connection between the cylinder and bed, so as not to be thrown
out of contact by the movement of the cylinder when the latter is raised to separ-
ate the rack and gear and remove the surface of the cylinder from the bed. As
the bed may possibly lag behind the cylinder, especially in machines employing
a very heavy bed, so that the teeth of the gear on the cylinder and of the rack on
the bed may not engage smoothly and with certainty at the commencement of
the operation of the cylinder by the bed for the impression movement, it is pre-
ferable to provide means for assuring the correct position of the cylinder and bed
relatively to each other at this time, and a simple and efficient means for this
purpose consists of a bowl carried by the cylinder and engaging a tooth or stud
on the bed projecting above the rack, and provided with a suitable inclined or
curved face to assure its engagement by the bowl on the cylinder, and the gradual
bringing of the cylinder and bed into proper relative position for the smooth
engagement of the gear and rack teeth, in case the bed and cylinder are not in
exact driving position relatively to each other, when the driving of the cylinder
by the bed for the impression movement is about to commence. The tooth or stud
may have, and preferably does have, curved or inclined surfaces between which
the bowl runs, so as to assure the correct position of the bed, not only as against
the lagging of the bed behind the cylinder, but also in case it should run ahead
of the cylinder..
While the construction described above embodies this portion of the invention
in the preferred form, the invention includes also constructions of other forms
for securing the driving of the cylinder by the bed, and by a separate driving
mechanism, in the desired manner. In one of such constructions, the cylinder
carries an internally toothed gear wheel, and the separate driving mechanism
includes a continuously driven pinion within said gear wheel, and positioned to
engage the teeth of the internal gear wheel for driving the cylinder, when the
cylinder is raised out of printing position, and to disengage the cylinder from
the bed, while the lowering of the cylinder into printing position, and for the
driving of the cylinder by the bed during the period of impression, moves the
internally toothed gear wheel out of engagement with the pinion driving by the
separate driving mechanism.
In another of such constructions, the separate driving mechanism operates to
continuously drive one member of a sliding clutch, which is preferably in the
form of a disc connected by means of a feather on the hub of a gear which is loosely
mounted on the cylinder shaft. This gear is a part of the constant speed mechan-
ism, and the disc which it carries is, therefore, driven at a constant speed. The
disc is preferably. provided with a series of pins, which, at the proper times, engage
a series of sockets preferably formed in the gear carried by the cylinder. The
clutch disc is operated automatically by a suitable cam and connections, so that
its pins engage the sockets in the cylinder gear at the time when the cylinder
is released from its driving connections with the bed, in the present instance by

page_text: the usual lifting mechanism, and are disengaged therefrom when the cylinder and
bed again come into driving relation...
Another part of the present invention relates to air cushioning devices which
operate to control the suspending or arresting of the movement of the reciproca-
ting bed of a bed and cylinder printing machine, at the end of its stroke. This
portion of the invention includes an improved valve construction for automati-
cally operating to retain the air and cushion the bed, when the latter is run at
power speed, and to permit the free escape of the air from the cylinder when the
machine is operated slowly by hand, so as to allow the machine to be thus operated
without resistance by the air cushioning devices, and an improved safety or relief
valve construction, controlled by the connecting and disconnecting of the machine
to and from the driving shaft, so as to permit the relief valve to open at a lower
pressure, when the bed is released from the driving shaft.
The construction embodying this portion of the invention, is applicable to all
bed and cylinder machines, whether the speed be constant or variable, and, in the
preferred form, employs air or similar cushioning cylinders having pivotted
valves weighted to open by gravity, and provided with stops arranged so that the
weight upon the valves properly opposes their movement from open position, so
as to prevent the valves being closed, or partially closed, when the machine is
operated slowly by hand, to permit the free escape of the air from the cylinder
under such conditions, the valves being preferably pivotted flap valves co-acting
with inclined valve seats on the cylinder, through which air ports communicate
directly with the atmosphere, and the stops preferably being arranged to hold
the valves inclined to the vertical, when open, thus securing a very efficient
action with a short valve movement and light valve.
The improved safety or relief valve construction consists of a valve opening
from the air cushioning cylinder, and seated upon a lever which is provided with
an adjustable weight, so that by moving this weight upon the lever, the pressure
at which the relief valve will open may be varied, and this weight is connected
with the shipping lever, or other controlled device, by which the bed is connected
or disconnected from the driving shaft, so that the weight is moved upon the
lever on which the valve is seated, to decrease the pressure at which the relief
valve will open when the bed is disconnected from the driving shaft, and to in-
crease the pressure again when the bed is connected to the driving shaft.
By this construction, all danger of injury from the movement of the bed by
momentum when disconnected from the driving shaft is avoided, the air being
released from the air cushioning cylinders by the opening of the relief valve, so
that the air is not compressed within the cylinder by the bed to such an extent
as to cause the bed to rebound, which otherwise might occur. As the discon-
nection of the bed from the driving shaft is frequently necessary when the bed
is near the end of its stroke, it is important that the air pressure in the cushion-
ing cylinder shall be relieved immediately, and with certainty, upon such dis-
connection, and this result is well secured by this construction.
In the accompanying drawings which constitute a part of this specification,
and in which like reference characters indicate the same parts,
Figure 1 is a side view of a bed and cylinder machine embodying the inven-
tion, the machine selected in this instance for illustrating the invention being
of the two revolution type.
Figure 2 is a sectional detail, taken on the line 2-2 of Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a transverse vertical section of the machine shown in Figure 1,
taken on the line 3-3, certain of the operating parts being removed.
Figure 4 is a sectional view of one end of the machine, showing the throw-off
mechanism in the position which it occupies when the bed and cylinder are in
engagement.
Figure 5 is a view similar to Figure 4, but showing the throw-off mechanism
and the cylinder in the position they assume when the cylinder is "off impres-
sion," but is engaged by the operating parts,

page_text: Figure 6 is an end view of the auxiliary mechanism for driving the cylinder,
when it is disconnected from the bed.
Figure 7 is a vertical central section of the devices shown in Figure 6.
Figures 8 and 9 are a face and sectional view respectively of a certain part of
the auxiliary-driving mechanism, the spring pawls being shown as disengaged
from the cylinder.
Figure 10 is a side view, and Figure 11 is an end view, of the device used,
when necessary, to correct any "lag" or overrunning of the bed.
Figures 12 to 17, inclusive, are diagrams indicating the relative positions of
the crank driving mechanism, the bed, the cylinder, and devices for connecting
the cylinder to the auxiliary driving mechanism at various times during a com-
plete reciprocation of the bed.
Figure 18 is a detail front view illustrating on an enlarged scale a modification
of the mechanism for connecting the cylinder to, and disconnecting it from, a
constant speed mechanism, in which the pawl arms are rigid, instead of being
spring arms.
Figure 19 is a section of the construction shown in Figure 18, with the cylin-
der and its sliding journal box in elevation.
Figure 20 is a diagrammatic side elevation of a machine embodying a modifi-
cation of the invention, in which the cylinder is connected to and disconnected
from the constant speed driving mechanism by means of an internal gear on the
cylinder, which is moved into and out of mesh with a pinion running at a con-
stant speed, the engaging and disengaging movement being effected by the de-
vices which raise and lower the cylinders..
Figures 21, 22, and 23, are views illustrating the same construction, the parts
of the machine being shown in the positions they occupy in different positions
of the bed.
Fig. 24 is a diagrammatic side elevation of a machine illustrating another
modification of the invention, in which the cylinder is connected to and discon-
nected from the constant speed mechanism by means of a sliding clutch member.
Figures 25 and 26 are detail views illustrating the same construction.
Figure 27 is a diagrammatic side elevation of a machine illustrating that por-
tion of the invention which relates to the improved air cushioning devices, and
the application thereof to a bed and cylinder printing machine.
Figure 28 is an end view of the construction shown in Figure 27.
Figures 29 to 32 are detail views illustrating the cushioning devices proper,
the various parts being shown in different positions which they occupy in differ-
ent positions of the bed of the printing machine.
Referring to Figures 1 to 17, A indicates the frame of the machine, B the bed,
C the railroad gear, D the crank wheel. E the rod connecting the crank stud H
on the crank wheel 1 with the railroad gear, F the rack on the bed, & G the rack
on the frame, with which two racks the railroad gear engages, all of which parts
are common and well known. The crank wheel D is driven by a pinion I, the belt
pulley for the said pinion being indicated by a dotted line in Figures 1 to 3. The
printing cylinder K is journalled in the usual boxes L, and is provided with a
gear 10, which meshes with a rack 11 on the bed.
The boxes L are held to slide in ways, as is usual, in the upper end of standards M
rising from the frame A. Depending from the sliding boxes L, are a pair of
rods 12, the rods being connected at their lower ends by cross bars 13, which also
slide in ways on the standards. These cross bars 13 receive the lower members, 14,
of a pair of toggles, the upper members 15 of which are journalled
in the standards. Near the upper ends of the rods 12, they are embraced
by collars 16, from which depend extensions 17. A slide 18 is bolted
otherwise secured
the extension 17, which slide moves
in
guides 19 secured to the standard. A rod 20 passes through a perforation in the
standard, and through the cross piece connecting the collars 16, and upon this rod
is mounted a collar 21, between which and a socket in the standard is held a
OP
to

page_text: spring 22. It is obvious that as the toggle 14, 15, is made and broken, the printing
cylinder will be raised and lowered by the mechanism so far described.
The toggle 14, 15, is made and broken by means of a rod 23, having on, its
inner end a gab hook 24, provided with an upper recess 25 and a lower recess 26.
These recesses are intended to engage respectively upper and lower pins 27 and 28
carried on a rocking lever 29. This lever is pivotted on the frame of the machine,.
and carries on its end a bowl 30, which engages a cam groove 31 in a cam wheel 32,
mounted on the shaft R of the crank wheel D. As the cam wheel 32 is revolved,
it is obvious that the toggle 14, 15, will be made and broken once for each revolu-
tion of the cam wheel, through the agency of the pivotted lever and gab hook,before,
referred to, and consequently that the cylinder will be given one, complete vertical
reciprocation during this time.
Pivoted upon the frame of the machine is a lever 34, one end of which is con-
trolled by a string 35 in an obvious manner, and the other end of which is con-
nected by a link 36 to the gab hook 24 before referred to. Rising from the lever 34
is a push rod 37, shown in dotted lines in Figures 4 and 5. This push rod has its
end located at a point which can be conveniently reached by the pressman. It is
obvious that through the medium of the push rod and spring before referred to, the
gab hook
may be moved so that its upper and lower recesses 25, 26, may be made
to engage either the pin 27 or the pin 28 on the rocking lever 29, and inasmuch
as the pin 28 is nearer the centre of movement of this lever than
the pin 29, it is obvious that when the recess 26 engages the
pin 29, the movement of the gab hook, and consequently the break-
ing movement of the toggle to which the gab hook is connected, will be less than
when the recess 25 is engaging the pin 27. When, therefore, through failure to
feed a sheet to be printed, or other reason, it is desired to have the cylinder "off
impression," and yet kept in engagement with the rack on the bed, so that it may
move with, and preserve its proper relation to, the bed. The pressman places his
foot upon the rod 37, and, through the agency of the connections described, throws
the gab hook down, so that its recess 26 engages the pin 28, by which the downward
movement of the cylinder is limited, and printing contact with the form prevented.
When the cylinder is to receive its full reciprocation in a downward direction, the
gab hook is kept in engagement with the pin 27.
Mounted on the cam wheel 32, but on the side thereof opposite to the cam
groove 31, is a cam 38, shown in dotted lines in Figures 4 and 5. The office of this
cam is to control the movement of the gab hook, so as to permit it to be thrown
from one pin to the other only at certain times in the rotation of the cam wheel 32,
and consequently the crank wheel D, and to maintain it, after being thrown, in its
engagement with either of the pins. The gab hook 24 (see Figure 3) has, extend-
ing from its side, a short arm 39, which has mounted therein an inwardly extending
cam projection 40. This cam projection 40 engages the cam 38, travelling on the
outer side of the cam when the gab hook is held in engagement with the pin 28,
and on the inner side of the cam when the gab hook is held in engagement with the
pin 27. The open part of the cam 38 comes opposite the cam projection 40 only
when, in the operation of the machine, the cylinder is fully elevated, and it is only
therefore, when the cylinder is in this position, and the toggle fully broken, that
the gab hook can be shifted from one of the pins 27, 28 to the other. It will be
obvious, therefore, that the cylinder will always be raised to the full extent of its
reciprocation, because the gab hook and connecting parts always act to fully break
the toggle, but the amount which the cylinder is lowered will depend upon whether
or not the gab hook is engaging the pin 27 or the pin 28.
The gear 11 on the bed is made of such a length that the cylinder gear 10 does
not come into mesh therewith, as it is lowered by the mechanism described, but
after the cylinder reaches the position which it occupies when it is meshing with
the rack, the reciprocating movement of the bed causes its rack 11 to run into
mesh with the gear 10.
: Suitably, mounted in the frame is a counter shaft N. This counter shaft has
=
"

page_text: a pinion D2 upon its inner end, which meshes with the gear D' on the crank
wheel D, and on its outer, end a pinion 41, this pinion being the first of a train of
auxiliary gearing, the function of which is to operate the cylinder when it is not
operated by the rack on the bed. The pinion 41 meshes with an intermediate 42,
and this intermediate, meshes, in turn, with a gear 43, which is journalled on a
stud 44 mounted in the slide 18. This gear 43 is constantly in mesh with a
gear 45, which is loosely mounted on a boss or hub 46, extending from a disk 47,
which is keyed to the cylinder shaft K¹. It is obvious that the gear 45 will revolve
continuously, and that its speed will be constant, inasmuch as it is connected,
through the train of gearing 43, 42 and 41, to the gearing on the circumference of
the constantly revolving.crank wheel D, which, of course, moves at a constant
speed.
The disk 47. has a series of notches. 48 in its periphery, which, in the machine
shown, are four in number. The gear 45 has pivoted to it a series of spring pawl
arms 49; these arms being secured in bosses 50, by bolts 51. The outer end of
each of these pawl arms is preferably provided with a pair of friction wheels 52,
which, friction wheels, at certain, times in the revolution of the cylinder, engage
with the notches.48 in the disk 47 before, referred to. The throw of these pawl
arms is controlled by means of adjustable stops 53 which are also mounted on the
gear 45. Also loosely mounted on the hub 46, but on the side of the disk 47
opposite to that on, which the gear 45 is, mounted, is a disk 54. This disk has a
gear 55 on its circumference, and is provided with high parts 56 and low parts 57..
The. gear. 55 of, this disk is, in mesh with a gear 58, which gear is herein shown as
formed on the circumference of an annulus, which is bolted or otherwise secured
to the gear 43, by the.. bolts 59. This gear 58 is, as will be observed from the
drawings, somewhat smaller in circumference than the gear 43, and the gear 55
with which it meshes on the disk 54, is somewhat larger than the gear 45. It
being remembered that the gear 43 is constantly revolving because of its connec-
tion through the train of gearing before referred to with the gear D' on the crank
wheel D, it will be understood that the gear 58 is also constantly rotating, and is
rotating the disk 54 by means of the gear 55. Consequently, the gear 45, carrying.
the spring pawl arms before referred to, the disk 54 having the high and low parts,
56 and 57, and the notched disk 47, are all constantly rotating, but are rotating at
different speeds.
It being remembered that the. bed is being constantly, reciprocated at varying
speeds, and that. the printing cylinder is in mesh therewith at various times during
the printing stroke, and that the cylinder is, therefore, during that part of its
revolution in which it is in mesh with the rack on the bed moving with a varying
speed, the operation of the construction herein before described will be clear. Just
at the time when the cylinder is about to be disengaged from the rack on the bed,
through the breaking of the toggles and the section of the springs before described,
which is as soon after the completion of the printing operation as the speed of the
bed and the speed of the constant speed mechanism coincide, the gear or pawl
carrier 45, with its attached spring arms 49, is in such a position with reference to
the notched disk 47, which is fast on the cylinder shaft, that the friction wheels 52
will engage the notches 48. in the disk. At the time when the friction wheels on
the spring arms have fully engaged the notches in the disks, or very soon thereafter,
the cylinder becomes completely disengaged from the rack on the bed. The
cylinder is, therefore, now driven directly from the gear D' on the crank wheel D,
through the medium of the train of gearing heretofore referred to, and the gear 45,
which, as before said, is locked to the notched disk 47 by the engagement of the
spring-pawl arms 49. At the time when the cylinder was released from the rack
on the bed and taken by the gear 45, it will be understood that the speed of the
bed and cylinder exactly corresponded to that of the gear or pawl carrier 45, and
since the carrier 45 always rotates at a constant speed, the cylinder will continue
to run at precisely the speed which it had when it was released by the bed. At
•

page_text: the time when the spring pawl arms engage the notched disk 47, the locking disk 54,
which, it will be remembered, is running slower than the carrier 45, has reached
that phase in its movement where one of its low parts comes in contact with the
upper one of the pair of friction wheels 52. It acts, therefore, to snugly hold and
lock the lower wheel 52 in its engagement with the notched disk, thereby prevent-
ing any accidental displacement.
The operation of these various parts will be well understood from an inspection
of the diagrammatic views illustrated in Figures 12 to 17, inclusive. In the
diagram illustrated in Figure 12, the crank stud H is shown on the dead centre,
and the bed is consequently at the point of reverse. At this time, therefore, the
bed rack and cylinder gear are disengaged, and the cylinder is being driven by
the carrier 45, and its spring pawl arms, motion being derived from the gear
D
through the train of gearing before referred to. At this time, also, the locking
disk 54 is in such a position as to lock the friction wheels on the spring arms into
engagement with the notches on the disk 47. After the crank has travelled over
about one eighth of a revolution (see Figure 13), the bed has reached a point
where its rack 11 has engaged the gear 10 on the cylinder. At this time, the
speeds of the bed and the cylinder are substantially equal, and the cylinder is
beginning to be driven by the bed. The speed of the disk 47 now begins to
increase, by reason of the increasing speed of the bed, so that it is travelling faster
than the carrier 45 carrying the spring pawl arms, and the friction wheels on the
arms have slipped out of the notches, or, more accurately speaking, the notches
have slipped out from under the wheels, the locking disk 54 at this time having
come into such a position that one of its high parts coincides with the wheel, and,
therefore, allows the necessary upward movement of the. spring arm. During
about the next two-eighths of the revolution of the crank, the cylinder is driven
wholly by the bed. During this time however, the speed of the bed, while it is
first slightly increasing, and then slightly diminishing, is more nearly constant
than at any other time during its reciprocation, and it is, therefore, enabled to
operate the cylinder with less strain upon the working parts than at any other
time in its reciprocation.
Referring to Figure 15, at which time the crank stud is about to complete the
last one-eighth of its half-revolution, it will be seen that the locking disk 54 and
pawl carrier 45 are just nearing the position in which the friction wheels on the
pawl arms will ride into the notches in the disk 47, at which time the speed of the
bed coincides with the speed of the cylinder, when driven by its auxiliary driving
mechanism. As soon as this movement is effected, the gear 10 of the cylinder
and rack 11 of the bed are disengaged, by the rack 11 running out of engagement
with, the bed in the preferred construction, and the rotation of the cylinder is then.
controlled by the train of gearing meshing with the gear on the crank wheel. The
bed passes on to the point of reverse, as shown in Figure 16, the cylinder remain-
ing under the control of the gears, and inasmuch as the cylinder remains raised,
and, therefore, out of mesh with the gear 11, it will be rotated by the train of gear-
ing during the entire return stroke of the bed, and also during the forward stroke,
until the bed is about to again run into printing relation with the cylinder, at
which time the cylinder is lowered, and is again taken by the rack, the spring
pawls at that time riding out of the notches in the disk 47 in the manner herein-
before described. It will, of course, be understood, that the gears which operate
the locking disk and the pawl carrying gear, are so proportioned as to bring these
parts in proper position, to allow the operations heretofore described to be effected.
In a two-revolution machine of the character, and proportioned and constructed,
as herein described, and in which one revolution of the wheel carrying the crank
.stud causes two revolutions of the cylinder and one complete reciprocation of the
bed, the pawl-carrying wheel is designed to make one and three quarter revolutions,
while the cylinder makes two revolutions, and the locking disk makes one and
one half revolutions while the cylinder makes two revolutions. From the
point where the rack on the bed engages the cylinder to the point

page_text: where it releases the cylinder, the speed of the cylinder will be such,
compared with the constant movement in the gear train before referred to, that
the cylinder will carry the notched disk a quarter revolution ahead of the pawl
carrying wheel. At the same time, the locking disk is retarded a distance equal
to a quarter revolution for each complete two revolutions of the cylinder. It is
to be understood, however, that these proportions, while desirable, are not necessary,
and modifications may be made therein, such modifications having proper relation.
to the size of the cylinder and the length of the printing stroke. So, also, the
locking disk might be arranged to run at a greater speed than the pawl-carrying
disk, if desired."
It will also be understood that the notched disk, pawls, and related parts, form
a locking device or clutch, which, when it locks the cylinder to the gearing before
described, is absolutely positive in its operation, and maintains the cylinder at
precisely the speed of the gearing, and when the point in the operation of the
machine is reached where it is desired to increase the speed of the cylinder, the
unclutching operation is effected by the increased speed of the cylinder.
It may occur by reason of the fact that the adjustment of the various parts is
not made with sufficient fineness, or from a wear in the operating gears, or from a
variation in the operation of the cushioning devices, or from an unavoidable spring
in the operating parts, that the bed, in its reciprocation, will slightly overrun and,
therefore, will lag on its return stroke, and since the movement of the cylinder,
as has been before said, is constant, the rack on the bed will fail to exactly mesh
with the cylinder gear.
A horn cam 0 is, therefore, attached to the bed, which
co-operates with a bowl P attached to the cylinder. This horn cam and bowl are
so located with relation to each other, that the bowl will engage the cam just before
the rack on the bed meets the gear on the cylinder, and in case there is any lag
in the bed, from any of the causes heretofore referred to, or from any other cause,
so that the gear and rack fail to mesh properly, the cam and bowl will act to bring
the parts into such relation to each other as to effect the proper mesh. It has been
found in practice, however, that the horn cam and bowl referred to, do little
or no work when the machine is running at the speed which it is designed to have
during the printing operation. In other words, when the parts of the machine
are adjusted so as to run at a certain speed, this adjustment can usually be made
sufficiently fine, so that the reciprocation of the bed will bring its rack at the
proper time into exact mesh with the cylinder gear. It is only when the speed
for which the machine is adjusted is either increased or diminished, that the lag
referred to occurs, and at such times, unless the horn cam be provided, the gear
and rack come into mesh with a slight snap. The horn cam and its bowl, there-
fore, are not necessary to the operation of the device, although they constitute a
desirable adjunct.
Various modifications of the construction so far described may be made without
departing from the scope of the invention. For instance, the number of spring
pawls and co-operating notches on the disk may be varied. Such modifications
will depend, however, as has been before indicated, on the size of the cylinder,
and the length of the bed, or the printing contact thereof. Furthermore, the lock-
ing disk, although desirable to ensure a perfect grip of the spring pawls on the
notched disk, and to avoid any accidental slip between these two parts, is not
necessary, and it may be omitted.
It is to be understood that when spring pawls are used, it is not necessary that
they be in the form of spring arms, but rigid arms controlled by suitably disposed
springs may be used. While, also, the preferred form of clutch or locking mechan-
ism, by which the cylinder is locked to the auxiliary gearing, is such as heretofore
described, i.e., one in which the unclutching operation is effected by a slip caused
by the increased speed of the cylinder, and such a clutch is one of the features of
the invention specifically considered, yet it is to be understood that the invention,
in its broader form, is not limited to this or any specific form of clutch.
The construction shown in Figures 18 and 19 illustrates a modification of the

page_text: invention, in which the locking, pawls are rigid arms, instead of being spring
arms, as in the modification of the invention just described.
In this modification, the positions of the gear 43 and 58 are transposed, the
gear 43, which, as before, is the gear which is in mesh with the constant speed
train, being placed nearer the cylinder than the gear 58. In the same way, the
positions of the pawl-carrying gear 45 and gear 55 are transposed, and instead of
the interior portion of the gear 55 having high and low cam parts, there is pro-
vided an additional cam disk 65, which is bolted or otherwise suitably secured to
the gear 55, this cam disk having high and low cam parts 66, 67, and being located
alongside the disk 47. Instead of the spring pawls, the gear 45 carries a series of
rigid two-armed levers 68, 69, said two-armed levers being secured to the gear in
any suitable manner..
The arms 68 of the two-armed levers carry bosses or projections 80, which, at
certain times, engage the notches 48 in the disk. 47, these parts thus constituting
the clutch mechanism. The arms 69, preferably carry friction wheels 70, which
run on the periphery of the disk 65, which, as has been said, is provided with high
& low cam parts 66, 67.
The operation of this modification is as follows;-Supposing the cylinder to be
in mesh with the bed, and having, completed the printing operation, the raising
and lowering mechanism which is described in the preceding portion of this
specification will be operated to raise the cylinder, so that its, gear 10 will be dis-
engaged from the rack 11 on the bed. The various parts are so timed that about
the time this operation takes place; the notched disk 47 will be in such a position
that two of its notches 48 will be opposite the projections 80 on the arms 68 of
the two-armed levers before referred to, which are mounted on the rotating
carrier 45. When this occurs, the high parts 66 of the disk 65 will engage the
friction rollers 70 on the end of the arms 69, and rock the arms, thereby causing
the projections 80 on the arms 49 to engage the notches 48. This movement locks
the carrier 45, upon which the arms 68 are pivoted, and the disk, 47, together,
and these two parts will remain so locked as long as the friction rollers 70 before
referred to remains on the high parts 66 of the cam.
As the carrier or gear 45
is constantly in mesh with the constant speed gearing heretofore referred to, and
the disk 47 is secured to the cylinder shaft, it is obvious that the cylinder which
has been moved out of driving relation with the bed by the operation of the raising
and lowering mechanism, will now be under the control of, and will be driven by,
the constant-speed mechanism, and at an unvarying rate of speed. The bed
having been released from the cylinder, will continue on at a decreasing speed to
its point of reverse; will reverse; make its return stroke, and again reverse, these
operations being conducted at varying speeds, by reason of the crank mechanism
through which the bed is driven. The cylinder, however, will continue to move
at a constant speed, under the influence of the constant-speed gearing described.
When the bed has completed its return stroke, has reversed, and is again nearing
the point where the printing operation is to commence, the raising and lowering
mechanism will be operated to lower the cylinder, so that its gear 10 will be in
position to be engaged by the rack 11 on the bed. The gear 45, carrying the two-
armed levers 68, 69, before referred to, has by this time gained sufficiently on the
gear 55 carrying the cam disk 65 so that the friction rollers carried by the arms 69
pass off from the high part 66 of the cam on to the low part 67, and therefore the
two-armed levers are free to be disengaged from the notches in the disk 47.
soon as the gear on the cylinder has engaged the rack on the bed, the speed of the
cylinder will increase, since the speed of the bed, as will be understood, is con-
stantly increasing, because of the action of the crank driving mechanism. This
will cause the speed of the notched disc 47 to increase, and the notches 48 will
ride out from under the projections 80 on the arms 68. The cylinder is now
entirely disengaged from the constant speed gearing, and is free to be driven by,
and partake of the varying motions of, the bed, and to attain that synchronism
१
As

page_text: L
of movement that is required of the cylinder and bed, in order to ensure perfect
printingThe cylinder continues to be driven by the bed until the printing opera-
tion is completed, at which time the various parts will be in position, so that as the
cylinder is disengaged from the bed, it will be engaged with the constant speed
mechanism, as before described."
t
Reference is now to be had to the modification of the invention illustrated in
Figures 20 to 23, inclusive, in which another means by which the invention may
be carried out is disclosed.
:
Referring to said figures, A is the frame of the machine, B' the reciprocating
type-bed the impression cylinder, C the railroad" gear, D the crank driving rail-
road gear C through connecting rod E, and R the crank shaft. The bed B carries
the rack 11, meshing with gear '10 on the end of cylinder K, for driving the
cylinder by the bed. In the construction shown, the cylinder is mounted in the
sliding boxes L described in connection with the other modification, and is raised
and lowered, to move it out of and into printing.contact with the bed.
This movement may be obtained, as in the other modifications described, by
any common or suitable means. In this modification, the crank shaft R carries
a cam disk 90, in which runs a bowl on a lever 91, connected to and operating the
toggles 14, 15.
In this form of the invention, the separate driving mechanism consists of
gears 93, 94, mounted on a suitably located shaft, which has its bearings in the
frame of the machine, the gear 94 being constantly in mesh with the gear 95 on
the crank shaft R. These gears are so proportioned, that when they are connected
to the cylinder by the devices hereinafter described or by other suitable means,
they will cause the cylinder, after it has ceased to be driven by the bed, to be driven
at a constant speed, which will approximate the lowest speed which the bed had
when the cylinder was transferred.
"
The devices employed in this embodiment of the invention, to connect the driving
mechanism referred to with the cylinder, consist of an internal gear 96, carried
on the cylinder, and a pinion 97, this pinion 97, as hereafter shown, being a broad-
faced pinion, and so located that one of its ends is in mesh--with the gear 93 of
the constant-speed driving mechanism before referred to. Its other, end, when
the constant-speed mechanism is to drive the cylinder, will be in mesh with the
internal gear 96, carried by the cylinder.
These intermediate devices for connecting the constant speed driving mechanism
to the cylinder, are rendered operative by the raising and lowering devices which
have been heretofore described. When the continuously rotating cylinder is raised
by the raising and lowering devices, the gear 96 is brought into mesh with the
pinion 97, and it is obvious that the rotation of the cylinder will then be continued
by the constant-speed mechanism, and at the speed which the cylinder had when
it was released from the bed.
:
The operation of the construction will be readily understood from the drawings,
and a brief description.
As shown in Figure 20, the bed is at the end of its movement to the right, and
is just about to be reversed, and move to the left, for the printing movement. As
the operation proceeds from this position, the crank D moves from its horizontal
toward its vertical position, actuating the bed through the railroad gear movement
shown, and, on account of the movement of the crank, the speed of the bed is
accelerated rapidly during the first part of the crank movement, during which time
the bed moves out of contact with the cylinder, which is raised above the bed. by
the raising and lowering devices, and the cylinder in driven from the constant
speed mechanism, which is connected by the intermediate connecting devices before
described, namely, the gear 96 and the pinion 97, which are then in mesh.
When the parts reach the position shown in Figure 21, at which time the speed
of the bed, under the driving action of the crank mechanism, is substantially equal
to or approximate to the speed of the. cylinder, which is being operated of course

page_text: by the constant speed mechanism, the cam 90, operates lever 91 and link 92, to
straighten the toggles 14, 15, and thus force the cylinder downward. This opera-
tion brings the cylinder gear 10 into mesh with the bed rack 11, so that the cylinder
is therefore driven by the bed, and at the same time releases the cylinder from the
constant speed mechanism, by causing the intermediate connections, namely, the
internal gear 96 and pinion 97, to pass out of mesh.
From this point, the bed continues its movement through the printing operation,
driving the cylinder in exact synchronism with the bed, and during this printing
operation, or period of impression, the crank moves to its vertical position, and
somewhat beyond the latter, during which movement the speed of the bed and
cylinder, as driven by the crank, varies but slightly. The position of the parts
at the end of this part of the movement is shown by Figure 22.
At this point, the cam 90 releases the lever 91, and the toggle joints 14, 15
operate to permit the cylinder K to move upward out of printing contact with the
bed, gear 10 on the cylinder at the same time being moved out of mesh with the
rack 11 on the bed, and the internal gear 96 being again brought into mesh with
the pinion 97, after which the movement of the bed to the left is completed, and
the bed stopped, as the crank reaches the horizontal position on the opposite side
of the centre from that at which we started at the commencement of this descrip-
tion, the speed of the bed decreasing rapidly during this part of the movement
of the crank, and the cylinder being driven by the pinion 97 at a constant rate of
speed equal to the speed of the bed, at the time when it ceased to drive the cylinder.
Figures 24 to 26, inclusive, illustrate still another of the various forms of
mechanism by which this invention may be carried into effect.
In this modification of the invention, the cylinder is shown as mounted to be
raised and lowered, and the bed is reciprocated in the manner set forth in connec-
tion with the description of the previous modifications.
A large gear or power wheel 100 mounted on the shaft R, engages with a suit-
ably mounted intermediate 101, which in turn meshes with a gear 102 loosely
mounted on the cylinder shaft K¹ before referred to. As the gear 100 runs at a
constant speed, it will be understood that the train of gearing just referred to will
also be continuously operating at a constant speed, which speed is less than the
highest speed which the bed has under the influence of the crank mechanism, and
is of course greater than its lowest speed.
The gear 102 has a boss or hub 103 extending inwardly therefrom, which boss
or hub is provided with a suitable feather or feathers 104. Sliding on the hub or
boss 103, and connected thereto by the feathers 104 before referred to, is a mem-
ber, 105, of a sliding clutch, which forms a part of an intermediate mechanism by
which the cylinder, when it is disconnected from the bed, is connected to the con-
stant speed gearing before referred to. This member 105 is provided with a grooved
collar 106, which is engaged by pins 107 mounted on the arms 108 of a yoke
which constitutes one of the arms of a bell-crank lever. This bell-crank lever is
preferably pivoted on a pivot 109 supported in any suitable manner. It is herein
shown as supported on a bracket 110 mounted on the frame of the machine. The
other arm, 111, of the bell-crank lever, clearly shown in dotted lines in Figure 26,
is connected by a rod or bar 112 to one of the arms 113 of a three-armed lever,
which is suitably mounted on the frame of the machine. The three-armed lever
is pivoted at 114, and has one of its arms, as 115, bearing upon a suitable spring 117,
which is compressed by the movement of the lever hereinafter to be described. The
other arm 116 of the lever is connected to a sliding bar 118, which is preferably
formed with a yoke 119, which yoke embraces the shaft R of the large gear 100.
The sliding bar carries a stud 120, which stud bears upon, and is operated by,
a suitable cam 121, and also mounted on the shaft R before referred to. The
cam and the connected devices automatically operate at the desired times, to shift
the clutch member 105, and lock the cylinder to, and disengage it from, the con-
stant-speed mechanism, as will be described.

page_text: The clutch member 105 before referred to is provided with a plate 122; which
carries a series of pins 123. These pins are preferably four in number, although
the number of pins may be varied as desired. The gear 10, with which the cylinder
is provided, as in the other modifications described, has a series of sockets, 124,
corresponding in number to the number of the pins 123.
The construction being as above described, the operation is as follows:-
Power being applied to the gear or power wheel 100, the crank D will be revolved,
and the bed will be reciprocated through the railroad gear in an obvious manner.
At the same time, the intermediate 101 will be revolved, and as the clutch mem-
ber 105.has been shifted so that the pins 123 are engaging the sockets or recesses 124
in the cylinder gear 10, the cylinder will be under the control of, and be revolved
by, the constant-speed gearing. When, or, shortly before, the bed, under the
influence of the increasing speed of the crank by which it is driven, attains the
speed which the cylinder has under the control of the constant-speed mechanism or
gearing, which will be, at about the time the crank has completed, say, one eighth
of a revolution, the raising and lowering mechanism will be operated to lower the
cylinder, and bring the gear 10 into position, to be engaged by the rack 11. At
about this time, the low part of the cam 121 comes opposite the stud 120, and the.
spring 117 will operate to throw the three-armed lever, rock the bell-crank 108,
and cause the clutch member 105 to slide on the hub 103 of the gear 102, thereby
withdrawing the pins 123 from the recesses 124, and thus disconnecting the cylinder
from the constant speed mechanism. The cylinder is now wholly under the con-
trol of, and is operated by, the bed, and exact synchronism of movement between
the two being thus secured, the printing operation takes place. When the speed
of the bed and the cylinder, which is then entirely under its control, has decreased,
under the influence of the crank mechanism, until it again co-incides with the speed
of the constant-speed mechanism, by which time the printing operation has been
concluded, the raising and lowering mechanism operates to raise the cylinder,
and disengage the gear 10 from the rack 11. At the same time the cam 121
operates upon the stud 120 of the sliding bar 118, and rocks the three-armed lever
against the tension of the spring 117. This movement of the three-armed lever,
through the connecting rod 112, rocks the bell-crank 108, causes the member 105
to slide upon the hub 103 of the gear 102, and brings the pins 123 into engage-
ment with the recesses 124, thereby locking the cylinder to the gear 102, it being
remembered that the meinber 105 is connected to the hub of the gear 103 by splines
or feathers 104.
The cylinder is now locked to the constant-speed mechanism, and will be con-
tinuously revolved by it at a constant speed. The bed, which is now disengaged
from the cylinder, continues on with a constantly decreasing speed to its point of
reverse, reverses, makes its return stroke, and again reverses. As it reaches the
point where its speed coincides with that of the constant-speed mechanism, and
the printing operation is to again take place, the raising and lowering mechanism
is again operated to lower the cylinder, and the operations before described are
repeated.
While the mechanisms so far described constitute the preferred means by which
this part of the invention is to be carried into effect, it is to be understood that the
invention is not limited to the employment of these particular forms of devices,
since there are other mechanisms by which the invention may be successfully
carried out. In its broadest sense, the gist of the invention resides in providing
a printing machine having a reciprocating bed, and continuously rotating cylinder,
the bed being driven at varying speeds, and the cylinder continuously rotating
in the same direction, with means by which the cylinder may be driven a part of
the time in synchronism with the reciprocating-bed, and the remainder of the
time by a constant-speed mechanisin, there being: auxiliary intermediate connec-
tions between the constant speed mechanism and the cylinder, which operate to
connect the cylinder to and disconnect it from the constant speed mechanism,

page_text: at substantially the time when the speed of the constant speed mechanism coincides
with the speed of the mechanism by which the cylinder is driven in synchronism
with the bed. Where practicable, the transfer of the cylinder from the constant-
speed driving mechanism to the driving mechanism which drives it in synchronism
with the bed, will be made as nearly as possible at the beginning and end of the
printing period. The invention, however, does not require that the transfer shall
be made precisely at the beginning and end of the printing periods, the idea of
the invention being to revolve the cylinder continuously in the same direction with
as little change of speed as is possible. Mechanisms; therefore, other than those
which have been described which accomplish this result, are within the scope of
the invention.
,
That part of the invention which relates to the cushioning devices for the bed
of the machine is illustrated in Figures 27 to 32, inclusive. Referring to these
figures, the printing mechanism shown consists of the revolving impression
cylinder K and the co-operating reciprocating type carrying bed B, the means for
operating this printing couple being omitted as unnecessary, it being understood
that the improvements herein contained are applicable to any printing machine
having a reciprocating type-carrying bed.
In the practical embodiment of the machine shown, the bed B is illustrated as
provided with four air cylinders, two of the four, as seen from the side of the
machine, being shown in Figure 27, and marked, respectively, 202, 204, and two
at the end of the machine being shown in Figure 28, the same being marked 202,
203. These cylinders are supported by the framework, as is usual, and have their
mouths or open ends pointing toward the center of the machine, so that the same
may receive the pistons 201, which are rigidly attached to the bed, travel with the
same, and enter the open end of the cylinder at each end of the bed and move
therein, compressing the air to afford resistance, which aids in bringing the bed
to a stop, as is common and well understood.
The air cylinders are provided with improved valves, which are so constructed
that they will normally stand open, and yet may readily perform their function of
closing the cylinders. Referring more particularly to Figure 29, these air cylinders
will be found provided, at their outer ends, with a head 210, centrally perforated
with an air passage 211, and having a central interior projecting pipe, whose inner
face is cut at an oblique angle to form the valve seat. A rib 212 along the upper
portion of this central projection, affords a hanger for the valve proper, which is
a circular plate 213, faced with a leather packing 214, said plate 213 having a
lever 215 connected with it at such an angle that this lever 215 bears upon the
inner projection 211, so that the valve pivoted at 216 to the rib 212 will hang and
rest in the position shown in Figure 29, or be lifted and closed, as in Figure 30.
In Figure 29, the piston 201 is just entering the cylinder 202, moving in the
direction of its associated arrow, at which time the flap valve is, in consequence
of its gravity, hanging so as to open the aperture 211.
In the ordinary course of the operation of the machine. when the same is
running at speed, the bed will carry this piston 201 rapidly into the cylinder 202,
and, compressing the air therein, will force the flap valve closed, so that a con-
tinuously increasing and higher pressure of the air condensed therein may be
exerted against the movement of the bed. By this simple structure, the parts
may be turned over by hand in making ready, &c., at a low speed, which will
not move the piston 201 rapidly enough into the cylinder 202 to cause the flap
valve to close, and hence any moderate pressure of air within the cylinder will
not be sufficient to obstruct the ready movement of the machine by hand.
The air cylinders are provided with a safety or relief valve, embodying the
present invention, as follows:-Between the head of each cylinder and the
inward point thereof reached by the piston in its stroke, as seen in Figure 30, each
cylinder is provided with a pipe 220, that leads to a relief valve, which is pro-
vided with a weight capable of adjustment to determine the pressure at which
said valve shall open. In this embodiment of it, said valve consists of a head 222,

page_text: provided with a cushion 225, a stem 221, and wings 223, by which it is guided
vertically. This stem 221 rests upon a lever 227, whose pivot is in an arm 224,
projecting from one side of the pipe 220, and upon the long arm of this lever
there is arranged, a sliding weight 226. By setting this weight 226 at any suit-
able position upon the lever 227, its pressure resisting the opening of the
valve 222 may be increased or diminished, as desired,. and hence the pressure
of the compressed air in the air cylinders necessary to move the lever, and
thus open the relief valve, is determined, and may be regulated.
Herein the weight 226 is attached to the belt shifter 240 by means of an
arm 241, pivoted to an arm 242, that, through a rock arm 208, and rod 243, is
pivoted to said shipping lever 240. In Figure 28, the shipping lever is thrown
to carry the driving belt 250 on to the loose pulley, at which time the machine
will stop. As that arrangement is advantageous, the adjustment of the weight 226
with respect to its carrying lever 227 may be made by a means for adjusting
the arm 241 in its connection, with the arm 242, so that the desired relation of
the weight 226 on the lever 227 may be had when the machine is operating,
and said weight be drawn near to the pivot of the lever 227, when the machine
is to be stopped, the desired pressure against the opening of the relief valve
being thus maintained when the machine is running, and that pressure mini-
mized when the machine is to be stopped.
When, in the ordinary operation, the machine is suddenly stopped by moving
the belt shifter to throw off the driving belt, the bed will continue to travel by
reason of the momentum of the moving parts, thus causing the plungers to
enter the air cylinders at such speed, and with such force, as to compress the air
therein to such an extent as to cause the bed to rebound, which action frequently
makes the machine break down. To avoid this, the structure connecting the
weight 226 with the shipping lever is advantageous, since, when the shipping
lever is moved to stop the machine, it withdraws said weight to a position on
the lever 227, which causes it to exert the least resistance to the opening of the
relief valve; and hence adapts the air apparatus at such a time to the easy stop-
page of the movement of the bed. In practice, this sudden stoppage of the
machine, when necessary from any cause, and performed by the movement of
the belt-shifter, frequently takes place when the bed is near the end of its
stroke, with the piston 201 in the cylinder, thus making it necessary, in order. to
protect the machine from damage; that the air pressure shall be immediately.
relieved.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said in-
vention and in what manner the same is to be performed (as communicated to
me from abroad), I declare that what I claim is:-
-
1. In a bed and cylinder printing machine, the combination with a reciprocat-
ing bed, of means for driving it at varying speeds, a cylinder continuously
rotating in the same direction, means for driving the cylinder in synchronism
with the bed during a part of one stroke, a constant speed mechanism for driv-
ing the cylinder when it is not driven in synchronism with the bed, auxiliary
intermediate devices between the constant speed mechanism and the cylinder,
said devices being operable to connect the cylinder to, and disconnect it from,
the constant speed mechanism, at substantially the times when the two speeds
coincide, substantially as described.
'
2. In a bed and cylinder printing machine, the combination with a reciprocat-
ing bed and a constantly rotating cylinder, of means for driving the bed at
varying speeds, means for driving the cylinder in synchronism with the bed
during substantially the printing period, means for driving the cylinder during
the non-printing period, at a constant speed which is approximately equal to
the printing speed, and auxiliary devices intermediate of the cylinder and the
constant speed mechanism whereby the cylinder may be connected to and dis-
connected from said mechanism," substantially as described.

page_text: 3. The combination with a reciprocating bed, of a crank mechanism for driv-
ing the bed at varying speeds, a continuously rotating cylinder driven from the
bed during the printing operation, and disconnected therefrom during the rest
of its movements, said bed and cylinder being arranged with the printing opera-
tion occurring during that part of the movement of the bed in which the speed
varies but slightly, a constant speed mechanism for rotating the cylinder when
disconnected from the bed, the cylinder being transferred, from the bed to the.
constant speed mechanism at substantially the time when the two speeds, coin-
cide, and raising and lowering devices, substantially as described
4. In a bed and cylinder printing machine, the combination with a reciprocat.
ing bed, of means for driving it at varying speeds, a cylinder continuously
rotating in the same direction, means for driving the cylinder from the bed
during a part of one stroke, a constant speed mechanism for driving the cylinder
when it is not driven by the bed, raising and lowering mechanism for connecting
the cylinder to and disconnecting it from the bed, intermediate devices between
the constant speed mechanism and the cylinder, and automatic mechanism for
operating the intermediate devices, to connect the cylinder to, and disconnect it
from, the constant speed; mechanism while the bed is running at a considerable
speed, and before it reaches the end of its stroke; substantially as described..
5. In a bed and cylinder printing machine, means whereby the bed is driven
at varying speeds; means whereby the cylinder is driven in synchronism with the
bed during a part of one stroke, mechanism for driving the cylinder at constant
speed when it is not driven in synchronism with the bed, and a clutch mecha-
nism acting to connect the cylinder to and disconnect it from the constant speed
mechanism, at substantially the times when the speeds of the bed and constant
speed mechanism coincide, substantially as described.
6 In a bed and cylinder machine mechanism whereby the bed is driven at
varying speeds, means whereby the cylinder is driven by the bed during a part
of its stroke, mechanism for driving the cylinder at a constant speed, which is
substantially equal to the printing.speed, when it is not driven by the bed, and
a clutch mechanism acting to connect the cylinder to and disconnect it from the
constant speed mechanism, at substantially the times when the speeds of the bed
and the constant-speed mechanism coincide, substantially as described:
1
7. The combination with the reciprocating bed driven at varying speeds, and
carrying a rack, of a cylinder continuously rotating in the same direction, and.
carrying a gear engaging said rack during a part of the movement of the bed,
mechanism for rotating the cylinder independently of. the bed, and at a con-
stant speed, when the gear is out of engagement with the rack, and auxiliary
devices intermediate of the cylinder and the constant speed mechanism, acting
to connect the cylinder to and disconnect it from the constant speed mechanism,
at substantially the times when the speeds of the bed and the constant speed
mechanism coincide, substantially as described.
8. In a bed and cylinder machine, the combination with mechanism whereby
the bed is driven at varying speeds, of a rack on the bed meshing with a gear
on the cylinder for driving the cylinder during a part of one stroke of the bed.
gearing rotating at constant speed for driving the cylinder when it is not driven
by the bed, devices for raising and lowering the cylinder to move its gear into
and out of mesh with the rack on the bed, and a suitable clutch mechanism
acting to connect the cylinder to, and disconnect it from, the constant speed
mechanism, at substantially the times when the speed of the bed' and constant
speed mechanism coincide, substantially as described.
9. The combination with a reciprocating bed, of means for driving it at vary-
ing speeds, a cylinder continuously rotating in, the same direction, means
whereby the cylinder is driven in synchronism with the bed during a part of one
stroke, a constant-speed mechanism for driving the cylinder when it is not
driven in synchronism with the bed, a clutch, mechanism between the constant
speed mechanism and the cylinder, said clutch mechanism. acting to connect

page_text: 4
the cylinder to, and disconnect it from, the constant speed mechanism while at
the bed is running at a considerable speed, and before it reaches the end of its
stroke, substantially. as described.
10. In a bed and cylinder machine, the combination with a gear wheel, of a
'crank stud mounted on the wheel, and suitable connections whereby the crank
stud is caused to drive the bed, means whereby. the cylinder is driven by the
bed during a part of one stroke, a suitable mechanism for raising and lowering
the cylinder, a train of gearing connected with the above-named gear, and, a
suitable clutch mechanism for connecting the cylinder to the gearing, when it is
disconnected from the bed, while the bed is nioving at considerable speed, and
-before it reaches the end of its stroke, substantially as described.
11. The combination with a bed, of a crank mechanism for driving it; a
cylinder, means whereby the cylinder is driven from the bed during a part of
one stroke, a constant speed mechanism having a speed, which is considerably
greater than the least speed of the bed, and less than its greatest speed, a sliding
clutch intermediate of the cylinder and the constant-speed mechanism, and
means for operating the said clutch, to connect the cylinder to, and disconnect
it from, the constant speed mechanism, substantially as described.
-12. The combination with a reciprocating bed, of a crank mechanism for driv-
ing. it, a cylinder, means for driving the cylinder from the bed during a part
of one stroke, a constant speed. mechanism a sliding clutch. intermediate of the
cylinder and the constant-speed mechanism, a bell-crank for operating the
-clutch, a cam, and devices intermediate of the cam and the bell-crank, whereby
the cam is. caused to operate the bell-crank, and slide the clutch, substantially
as described.
13. The combination with a bed, of a crank mechanism for driving it, a
cylinder, means whereby the cylinder is driven from the bed during a part of one
stroke, raising and lowering devices operating to connect the cylinder to, and
disconnect it from, the bed, a constantly running gear mounted on the cylinder
shaft, a clutch member slidingly mounted on, and connected to, the hub of the
gear, cylinder-engaging devices carried by the clutch member, and suitable
means for operating the clutch, substantially as described.
14. The combination with a bed, of a crank mechanism for driving it,
cylinder, means for driving the cylinder from the bed during a part of one
stroke a constantly running gear, a clutch member having a sliding connection
with the hub of the gear, a series of pins on the clutch member, a series of
recesses in the cylinder, and devices operating to slide the clutch, to cause its
pins to engage the recesses in the cylinder, when the cylinder is disengaged
from the bed, substantially as described.
.
15. In a bed and cylinder printing machine, means whereby the bed is driven
at varying speeds, means whereby the cylinder is driven in synchronism with the
bed during a part of one stroke, mechanism, for driving the cylinder at a con-
stant speed which is substantially equal to the printing speed, when it is not
driven in synchronism with the bed, and a clutch mechanism for connecting
the cylinder to, and disconnecting it from, the constant speed mechanism, said
clutch mechanism being constructed to be released by the increased speed of the
cylinder, when it is driven in synchronism with the bed, and to be re-engaged
when the speed of the bed and the constant feed mechanism become equal,. sub-
stantially as described.
16. In a bed and cylinder machine, mechanism whereby the bed is driven at
varying speeds, means whereby the cylinder is driven by the bed during a part
of its stroke, mechanism for driving the cylinder at a constant speed, which is
substantially equal to the printing speed when it is not driven by the bed, rais-
ing and lowering devices for connecting. the cylinder to, and disconnecting it
from, the bed, and a clutch for connecting the cylinder to, and disconnecting it
from, the constant speed mechanism, said clutch, being constructed to be released
by the increased movement of the cylinder when it is driven by the bed, and to

page_text: be re-engaged when the speeds of the bed and the constant-speed mechanism
become equal, substantially as described.
17. In a bed and cylinder machine, the combination with mechanism whereby
the bed is driven at varying speeds, of a rack on the bed meshing with a gear
on the cylinder for driving the cylinder during a part of the stroke of the bed,
gearing rotating at a constant speed, for driving the cylinder when it is not
driven by the bed, devices for raising and lowering the cylinder, to move its
gear into and out of mesh with the rack on the bed, and a clutch for connecting
the cylinder to and disconnecting it from the constant speed gearing, said clutch
being constructed to be released by the increased speed of the cylinder, when its
gear is in mesh with the rack on the bed, and to be re-engaged when the speeds
of the bed and the constant speed mechanism become equal, substantially as
described.
18. In a bed and cylinder printing machine, the combination with a printing
cylinder, of a disk connected to the cylinder, a constant-speed mechanism,
devices acting in conjunction with the disk, to connect the cylinder to and dis-
connect it from said mechanism, and a locking device, substantially as described.
19. In a bed and cylinder printing machine, the combination with the cylinder,
of a disk having a plurality of notches connected to the cylinder, a constant-
speed mechanism, and devices acting in conjunction with the notched disk, to
connect the cylinder to, and disconnect it from, said mechanism, substantially
as described.
20. In a bed and cylinder printing machine, means for reciprocating the bed
at varying speeds, means whereby the cylinder is connected to, and driven by,
the bed during a part of its stroke, devices for raising and lowering the cylinder
to connect it to and disconnect-it from the bed, a constant speed mechanism, a
disk connected to the cylinder, and means acting in conjunction with the disk,
whereby the cylinder is connected to, and driven by, the constant speed mecha-
nism, when it is not driven by the bed, substantially as described.
21. In a bed and cylinder machine, the combination with the cylinder, of a
disk having a plurality of notches fast on the cylinder shaft, a loosely mounted
gear, means for driving the gear at a constant speed, means for driving the
cylinder at varying speeds, and means for connecting the gear to, and discon-
necting it, from the notched disk, said means being constructed to be released
when the speed of the cylinder, under the influence of the varying speed mecha-
nism, is greater than the speed of the gear, substantially as described.
22. The combination with a variable speed mechanism, of a disk, connections
between the variable-speed mechanism and the disk, a constant-speed mechanism
having a rate of speed which is less than the greatest speed of the variable speed
mechanism, and greater than the least speed of said mechanism, and an auto-
matic clutch operating to connect the disk to, and disconnect it from, 'the con-
stant-speed mechanism, at times when its speed coincides with the speed of the
variable speed mechanism, substantially as described.
23. The combination with a variable speed mechanism, of a disk, connections
whereby the disk may be rotated from the variable speed mechanism, a con-
stant speed mechanism, a carrier rotated thereby, means on the carrier for auto-
matically connecting it to, and disconnecting it from, the disk, at specified
times, and a locking device for holding the said means in engagement with the
disk, substantially as described.
24. The combination with a variable-speed mechanism, of a disk having a
plurality of notches, connections whereby the notched disk is rotated by the
variable-speed mechanism, a constant-speed mechanism, a carrier rotated thereby,
and pawl arms on the carrier, the said pawl arms operating to connect the car-
rier to, and disconnect it from, the notched disk, at specified times, substantially
as described.
25. The combination with a variable-speed mechanism, of a notched disk,
connections whereby the notched disk is rotated by the variable speed mecha-

page_text: nism, a constant speed mechanism, a carrier rotated thereby, pawl arms on the
carrier, the said pawl arms operating to connect the carrier to, and disconnect
it from, the notched disk, at specified times, and a locking device, substantially
as described.
26. In a bed and cylinder printing machine, the combination with mechanism
for reciprocating the bed at varying speeds, of means whereby the cylinder is
driven by the bed during a part of its stroke, of constant-speed mechanism for
driving the cylinder when it is not driven by the bed, a notched disk secured to
the cylinder shaft, a loosely mounted pawl carrier connected with the constant-
speed mechanism, spring pawls for engaging the notches on the disk, and a
locking device for holding the pawls in engagement with the disk, substantially
as described.
27. The combination with a cylinder, of a notched disk secured to the cylinder
shaft, a loosely mounted gear wheel adjacent the notched disk, said gear wheel
carrying pawl arms, means for rotating the pawl-carrying gear at constant
speed, a gear having internal high and low parts, also loosely mounted with
relation to the notched disk, means for rotating this gear at a constant speed,
the speed being different from that at which the pawl-carrying gear is rotated,
means for rotating the cylinder at varying speeds during a part of its cycle,
the cylinder being rotated during the remainder of the cycle by the engage-
ment of the pawls on the pawl-carrying disk with the notched disk, and a lock-
ing disk acting to hold the pawls in engagement with the notched disk, and per-
mit them at the proper times to be "disengaged therefrom, substantially as
described.
28. The combination with a printing cylinder, of a notched disk rigidly
mounted on the shaft thereof, a pawl-carrier loosely mounted with respect to the
notched disk, spring pawl arms pivoted on said carrier, and a loosely mounted
and suitably driven locking disk for holding the pawl arms in engagement with
the notchied disk, and permitting their disengagement therefrom, substantially
as described.
29. In a bed and cylinder machine, a mechanism for driving the bed at a
varying speed, a constant-speed mechanism, a cylinder adapted to be operated.
by both mechanisms, a device for positively locking the cylinder to the constant-
speed mechanism, the locking device being so constructed that it will be auto-
matically released when the cylinder is .connected to both mechanisms, and its
speed is increased under the influence of the varying-speed mechanism beyond
that of the constant-speed mechanism, substantially as described.
30. In a bed and cylinder machine, the combination with a bed reciprocating
at varying speeds, a cylinder driven by the bed during a part of its stroke, a
constant speed mechanism for driving the cylinder when it is not driven by the
bed, auxiliary intermediate devices operating at substantially the times when the
speeds of the bed and the constant speed mechanism coincide, to connect the
cylinder to, and disconnect it from, the constant speed mechanism, and means
between the bed and the cylinder, operating to correct any irregularity in the
motion of the parts, and properly position the bed and cylinder, when. the two
come into driving relation, substantially as described.
31. In a bed and cylinder machine, the combination with a bed reciprocating
at varying speeds, a cylinder driven by the bed during a part of its stroke, rais-
ing and lowering devices for bringing the cylinder into, and removing it from,
its driving relation with the bed, a constant speed mechanism for driving the
cylinder, when it is not driven by the bed, auxiliary intermediate. devices acting
at substantially the times when the speeds of the bed and constant speed mecha-
nism coincide, to connect the cylinder to and disconnect it from the constant-
speed mechanism, and a bowl and cam carried by the bed and cylinder, and
operating to correct any irregularity in the motion of the parts, and properly
position the bed and cylinder when the two come into driving relation, substan-
tially as described.

page_text: 32. In a bed and cylinder machine, constructed in accordance with Claim, 1,
the combination with the cylinder, of, means for raising and lowering the
cylinder and operating devices for said means, connections between the operating
devices and the raising and lowering means, said connections being constructed
so that the downward movement of the cylinder may be varied, and controlling
devices for said connections which permit them to be operated only at predeter-
imined intervals, substantially as described.
33. In a bed and cylinder machiné, constructed in accordance with Claim 1,
the combination with the cylinder, of means for raising and lowering the cylinder,
a cam, a rocking lever operated by the cam,..pins at varying distances from the
centre of motion of the rocking lever, and means for connecting either of the
pins to the raising and lowering devices, substantially as described.
34. In a bed and cylinder machine, constructed in accordance with Claim 1,
the combination with mechanism for raising and lowering the cylinder, the same
including a toggle, a gab hook connected with the toggle, a locking lever
carried by the upper and lower pins, devices for positioning the gab hook so
that it will engage with either pin, means for rocking the lever, and means for
preventing the operation of the gab hook shifting device, except at specified times,
substantially as described.
35: In a bed and cylinder machine, constructed in accordance with Claim 1,
the combination with a cylinder having a gear, of a bed carrying a rack, devices
for raising and lowering the cylinder, and means whereby the said devices may
be controlled in the lowering operation, so as to bring the cylinder down suffi-
ciently to engage it with the rack on the bed, and yet permit it to be off the
impression, substantially as described.
36. In a bed and cylinder machine, constructed in accordance with Claim 1,
the combination with a cylinder carrying a gear and a bed carrying a rack, of
devices for raising and lowering the cylinder, the same including a rocking
lever, means for giving a constant throw to the lever, connections whereby the
constant throw of the lever is caused to lower the cylinder different distances,
and controlling devices for said connections, which permit them to be operated
only at predetermined intervals, substantially as described.
37. In a bed and cylinder printing machine, the combination with a recipro-
cating bed of means for driving it at varying speeds, a cylinder continuously
rotating in the same direction, means for driving the cylinder in synchronism
with the bed during a part of one stroke, a constant speed mechanism for driving
the cylinder when it is not driven in synchronism with the bed, a raising and
lowering mechanism, and intermediate devices between the constant speed
mechanism and the cylinder, acting to connect the cylinder to, and disconnect
it from, the constant speed mechanism, at substantially the times when the two
speeds coincide, said intermediate devices being rendered effective by the raising
and lowering mechanism, substantially as described.
38. The combination with a reciprocating bed driven at a varying speed, of a
cylinder continuously rotating in the same direction, said cylinder being driven
by the bed during the printing operation, and held by the bed against movement
in either direction independently of the bed during said operation, mecha-
nism for rotating the cylinder at a constant speed, raising and lowering devices,
and devices intermediate of the bed and the cylinder, made effective by the
raising and lowering devices, to connect the cylinder to and disconnect it from
the constant-speed mechanism, substantially as described.
39. The combination with a reciprocating bed, driven at a varying speed, and
carrying a rack, of a cylinder continuously rotating in the same direction, and
carrying a gear engaging said rack during a part of the movement of the bed,
mechanism for rotating the cylinder independently of the bed, and at a constant
speed, when the gear is out of engagement with the rack, raising and lowering
devices, and devices intermediate of the cylinder and the constant speed mecha-
nism, for connecting the cylinder to, and disconnecting it from, the constant-

page_text: speed mechanism, made effective by the raising and lowering devices, substan-
tially as described.
40. The combination with a reciprocating bed driven at a varying speed and
carrying a rack, a cylinder continuously rotating in the same direction, and
carrying a gear that engages with the rack when the cylinder is in printing
position, mechanism for rotating the cylinder at a constant speed, when the
gear and rack are disengaged, devices intermediate of the cylinder and the con-
stant speed mechanism, consisting of an internal gear on the cylinder, and a
pinion which meshes therewith and with the constant speed mechanism, and
raising and lowering devices, substantially as described.
41. The combination with a reciprocating bed, of a variable-speed mechanism
for driving it, a continuously revolving cylinder, means for driving it in syn-
chronism with the bed during a part of its stroke, a constant speed mechanism
for driving the cylinder when it is not driven in synchronism with the bed, and
a clutch embodying rigid arms and suitable co-operating devices for connecting
the cylinder to, and disconnecting it from, the constant-speed mechanism, at
substantially the points where the speeds of the bed and the constant speed
mechanism coincide, substantially as described.
42. In a bed and cylinder machine, mechanism whereby the bed is driven at
varying speeds, a continuously revolving cylinder, means whereby the cylinder is
driven by the bed during a part of its stroke, a constant speed mechanism for
driving the cylinder, when it is not driven by the bed, a clutch for connecting
the cylinder to, and disconnecting it from, the constant speed mechanism, said
clutch embodying rigid arms, and suitable co-operating devices, and operating
at substantially the points where the speeds of the bed and the constant speed
mechanism coincide, substantially as described.
43. The combination with a bed, of means for driving it at varying speeds, a
continuously revolving cylinder, means whereby the cylinder is driven by the
bed during a part of its stroke, a constant-speed mechanism for driving the
cylinder when it is not driven by the bed, raising and lowering devices for con-
necting the cylinder to, and disconnecting it from, the bed, a clutch for con-
necting the cylinder to, and disconnecting it from, the constant-speed mecha-
nism, said clutch embodying rigid arms and suitable co-operating devices, and
operating at substantially the points where the speeds of the bed and the con-
stant speed mechanism coincide, substantially as described.
44. The combination with a bed, of means for reciprocating it at varying
speeds, a continuously revolving cylinder, means whereby the cylinder is driven
by the bed during a part of its stroke, a constant-speed mechanism for driving
the cylinder when it is not driven by the bed, a notched disk and rigid arms
co-operating therewith, one of these elements being connected to the constant
speed mechanism, and the other to the cylinder, and means whereby said rigid
arms are connected to and disconnected from the notched disk, substantially
as described.
45. The combination with a shaft, of a cylinder carried thereby, means for
rotating the cylinder, at times, at varying speeds, a constant speed mechanism
for rotating the cylinder when it is not under the control of the varying speed
mechanism, a clutch mechanism embodying rigid arms with suitable co-operating
devices supported on the shaft a cam disk supported on the shaft, and operating
to connect the rigid arms to, hold them in engagement with, & permit them to
be disengaged from the co-operating devices, substantially as described.
46. The combination with the shaft, of a cylinder mounted thereon, means for
driving it at times at varying speeds, a notched disk rigidly connected to the
cylinder shaft, a rotating carrier, a series of pivoted two-armed levers supported
on the carrier, one of the arms of each of said levers being constructed to, at
times, engage the notched disk, a cam disk located along side the notched disk,
and engaging one of the arms of the two-armed levers, means for continuously
rotating the carrier and the cam disk at different speeds, whereby the two-armed

page_text: levers are at times caused to engage with the notched disk, and at other times are
permitted to be disengaged therefrom, substantially as described.
47. The improvements in printing machinery substantially as herein described
and shown in the accompanying drawings.
48. In a printing machine employing a bed reciprocated at variable speeds,
the improvements whereby the cylinder is caused to revolve at a constant speed,
when it is not driven in synchronism with the bed, substantially as shown in
Figures 1 to 11 of the accompanying drawings.
49. In a printing machine employing a bed reciprocated at variable speeds,
the improvements whereby the cylinder is caused to revolve at a constant speed,
when it is not driven in synchronism with the bed, substantially as shown in
Figures 18 and 19 of the accompanying drawings.
50. In a printing machine employing a bed reciprocated at variable speeds,
the improvements whereby the cylinder is caused to revolve at a constant speed,
when it is not driven in synchronism with the bed, substantially as shown in
Figures 20 to 23 of the accompanying drawings.
51. In a printing machine employing a bed reciprocated at variable speeds,
the improvements whereby the cylinder is caused to revolve at a constant speed,
when it is not driven in synchronism with the bed, substantially as shown in
Figures 24 to 26 of the accompanying drawings.
52. The combination with an air or cushioning cylinder for the piston of a
reciprocating bed, of a relief valve connected by a pipe to said cylinder, said
valve being seated upon a lever provided with an adjustable weight that is
connected with the shipping lever of the machine, whereby it is moved on the
lever on which the valve is seated, substantially as described.
53. The improvements in air cushioning mechanism for the beds of printing
machines and other analogous devices, substantially as shewn in connection with
Figures 27 to 32.
D 41
124h dove of
1000