OF IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING, AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF. PRINTING APPARATUS, AND ALSO IN FOLDING AND CUTTING APPARATUS
Year: 1851

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GUSTAV
ADOLPH BUCHHOLZ, of Agar Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Civil
Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Sixteenth day of January, in the
fourteenth year of Her reign, did give and grant unto me, the said Gustav
Adolph Buchholz, my exors, adiñiors, and assigns, Her especial license, full
power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said Gustav Adolph Buch-
holz, my. exors, adñiors, and assigns, and such others as I, the said Gustav
Adolph Buchholz, my exors, adiñiors, or assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend
my Invention "OF IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING, AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF.
PRINTING APPARATUS, AND ALSO IN FOLDING AND CUTTING APPARATUS," within
that part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called England,
Her Dominion of Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, during the term
of fourteen years thence next ensuing; in which said Letters Patent there is
contained a proviso, requiring that I, the said Gustav Adolph Buchholz, shall
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, by an instrument in writing under
hand and seal, and cause the same to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's
High Court of Cliancery within six calendar months next and immediately
my

page_text: after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as, reference being
thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Gustav Adolph Buchholz, do hereby declare that the nature of my Inven-
tion, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are particularly
described and ascertained in and by this present Specification or instrument in
writing, reference being had to the several Drawings hereunto annexed, and in
which said several-Drawings-similar-parts-are-marked-and referred to by
similar letters, or figures, that is to say):-
My said Invention consists, firstly, of a mode or modes of making rollers or
cylinders for printing; secondly, of printing apparatus or machinery by means
of which I am enabled to print both sides of paper to be printed as it passes
through the machine; thirdly, of machinery or apparatus, which I call a folding
apparatus, and by means of which I am enabled to fold a continuous or length
of paper or other pliable material, whether printed or unprinted, into folds or
shorter lengths, and so that when desired it, may, with greater facility be cut
up into sheets or pieces.
My said mode or modes of making rollers or cylinders for printing consists
of machinery for the making such rollers, and the mode or modes in which
such rollers are constructed. My machinery for making printing rollers is
shewn in Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4 of the said Drawings hereunto annexed.
..Figure.1 is a side elevation of this machine; Figure 2, a plan; Figure 8-
is a transverse section on the line, z (Figure 1); and Figure 4, a sectional
plan on the zw, (Figure 1.). In the middle of the press is a hollow cylinder,.
composed of two similar halves A, Figures 1, 3, 4, in which a hollow conical
drum B, Figures 3 and four, is placed, so as to leave a concentric
space C,
Figure 3. The matrix, a thin sheet or cylinder of gutta percha k, k, with a
sunken impression. on its inner surface, is placed within the inside of the
cylinder A, A ; . is placed another thin, cylinder of gutta percha. 1, 1, with its
exterior surface in close contact with the impressed surface of the matrix. A
sufficient quantity of gutta percha softened-by heat is now placed in the space
E below the piston F. The piston F is now forced down, and the gutta
percha on the space. E is forced through the ring-shaped openings G, Figures
3. and 4, in the conical piece H, into the space G where it warms the plain
gutta percha cylinder, and presses it closely into the matrix so that it may receive
an exact impression of the mix, which it retains when cold: The gutta
percha which is pressed into the space unites with the drum B, and thus forms
a solid coating on the outside of it. On the lower end of the drum B is a
tube S, Figures 1 and 2, which; by means of two branch pipes, communicates
.

page_text: with a steam boiler and a cold water pump. In the 'commencement of the
operation the interior of the drum B is filled with steam from the boiler by the
tube S, to prevent the gutta percha from cooling before the operation is com-
pleted. As soon as this operation is complete the communication with the.
boiler is cut off, and a communication made with the cold: water cistern. The
condensation of the steam in the interior of the drum will then cause the water
to flow into it, and will thus hasten the cooling of the drum and its gutta
percha coating. The piston F is worked up and down by the screw J, Figures
1, 2, 3, working through the nut wheel E, which is 'driven by the pinion M. on
the shaft N. This shaft is fitted' with a driving wheel o, which has four
sockets p, p, p³, to receive the end of the levers, on the ends of which the power
is applied. As soon as the compressed gutta percha cylinder is sufficiently
cool, the key bolts E, E, which fasten the cylinder D to the cylinder A, are
removed; as are also the bolts f, ff, which connects the halves of the cylinder
5 A, A, which are then drawn back by the screws a, a¹, a³, a³, upon the rails
RR, and the prepared cylinder is then removed. "The screws are worked
both at once by turning the handle T and the pinion V, which communicates
motion to the wheels W, W, W, W³. The whole rests upon the foundation
plate a, into which four wrought-iron columns 6, 61, 62, 6, are firmly fastened,.
which are united together at the top by the upper plate c; d is. another plate.
(girder), which carries the spur wheel I, with the screw J and the piston F; the
two pieces g, g, stay the columns 6, 61, 63, 63; together, and 'the pieces 9', g³,
which carry the seperating screws with their wheels, are connected by the pieces.
9. g. When it is wished to prepare smaller stereotype cylinders, a smaller
matrix and core are placed in the cylinder A, and the space outside the matrix
is filled up with a cylindrical lining. The cylinder e, e, shewn in Figure 3,
may be made of ordinary gutta pércha, but I prefer to make it of gutta percha
which has been softened by the action of nitric acid, as herein-after described.
My said printing apparatus consists of a series of rollers, disposed and acting.
so that the middle roller. (or if more than 3 rollers,) each roller except the.
first and the last of the series may print or operate simultaneously, or nearly.
so, upon two or more sheets or lengths of paper. or. .other material, and also so
that each of the sheets or lengths may have each of its sides. printed as it
passes, through the machinery or apparatus. This. apparatus is shewn in
Figures 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 of the said Drawings hereunto annexed.. Figure 5:
is a front view of the apparatus; Figure 6 is à back.view; Figure 7 is a side
view; Figure 8-is-a plan; Figure 9 is a longitudinal section; and Figure
1.0 is a transverse section taken through the centre of the machine. This
apparatus, when constructed as is shewn in these Figures, .is furnished.

page_text: with three printing rollers A, B, and C, mounted on suitable bearings in
the framework shewn in the Figures. These rollers may either, be made
according to the first part of my Invention already.described, or, may, be made
in any other manner with the requisite projections upon their surfaces for
printing in the manner required. These rollers are placed in such positions
that paper or other material which shall be printed upon one of its surfaces by
the lower roller A, or the upper roller C may have its other surface printed by
the middle roller B; and in printing with this apparatus, I prefer to have the
paper or other material to be printed wound upon drums, so that the action of
the machinery may proceed continuously, or with as little intermission as con-
veniently may be. Two of such drums, D and E, are shewn in the Drawings,
and the papers or materials from both of those drums pass through and are
printed by the apparatus simultaneously, the one length of paper moving in the
one direction, the other in the opposite direction, so that the paper unwound
from the drum D; will first come in contact with and be printed on one side by
the printing roller A, and the paper from the drum E will first come in contact
with and be printed on one side by the printing roller C, and then each of the
pieces of paper will come in contact with and be printed on its other side by
the printing roller B. The cylinders A and C are made so that they will each
of them print impressions precisely similar and such as are intended to be made
upon one side of the material to be printed, and the middle roller B is made so
that it will print the impression intended to be made upon the other or opposite
side of the same material. Those three rollers A, B, C, revolve with equal.
velocity in the direction shewn by the arrows, and are put in motion by the
pulley, in Figures 6, 7, 8, fixed on to the shaft of the central roller B. The
cog wheel b, keyed on to the same shaft, transfers the motion of the central shaft
upon the rollers A and C by the wheels a, and the intermediate wheels d and d¹
(see Figure 5), and likewise by the cog wheel c, and the intermediate wheels.
d², ds. To each printing roller is attached a pressure roller on that side of its
circumference where the paper comes in contact with it, in order to give the
necessary pressure of the paper against the printing roller. The pressure
rollers A, C, B, and B are connected with the printing rollers A, C, and B
respectively, and are.put in motion by the cog wheels a', 6', b³, c', gearing into
the wheels a, b, c. The pressure rollers revolve in moveable bearings, by
means of which they may be made to press more or less firmly against the
printing rollers. The bearings of the pressure rollers work upon two projecting
edges or rails n, n, (see Figures 5, 6, 9, etc.) and may be raised or lowered by
two screws'p and p¹, which are fixed at each side of the bearings, the screws
are put into 'motion by means of the worm 7 and the two worm wheels 9, 9..

page_text: Similar moveable bearings are used with the pressure rollers, and also with the
draw rollers A, A³, and C, C³, by means of which the paper is drawn through
the machine; the draw rollers are connected with each other by two pinions
e, e, see Figure 6, and are put in motion by the wheel b³, from the central
shaft Figure 6, and the intermediate wheel e. In the same way, the pair of
drawing rollers a² and a³ are driven by the intermediate wheel f, which gears
into the wheel 63. The rollers A and C, which print the paper or other
-material on one side, must be mounted, so that the horizontal distance of each
of them from the middle roller B, which prints the other side of the paper,
may be varied for the purpose of regulating the position of the upper and lower
impressions with regard to each other. Thus, in order to effect the movement
of the horizontal movement of the roller A, and the pressure rollers connected
with it, their bearings are fixed upon a moveable slidė G. This sliding piece is
moved backward and forward by means of the screw g, which is attached to it,
and the worm i, which drives the worm wheel h, which is supported by the
framing, h, and contains a nut working into the screw g. The printing
roller c and its bearing rollers may be moved in the same manner.
.
In order to facilitate the changing of the printing rollers, the following arrange-
ments are inade:-The shaft of each roller is furnished with a piece of tube,
which slides on a feather let into the end of the shaft the whole of its length,
the shaft of each roller rests in the bearings a³, and carries the rollers 6', and also
the wheels b and 63 (Figures 5, 6, and 10). By means of this arrangement, the
shafts of the rollers can be taken out and the rollers removed without taking the
machine to pieces. The spindles are conical to facilitate their being introduced
and removed from the machine. The inking or coloring of each printing
roller is accomplished by means of the ink or color box F, and the inking or
coloring rollers F, F, and F (Figure 9. F is a box in which the ink is con-
tained, and which is of the same length as the printing roller; the lower part of
this box is closed by a tube pierced with holes, in which a suitable correspond-
ing screw revolves, and by its motion alternately opens and shuts these holes,
so that the iuk cannot flow down upon the roller F in an unbroken stream, the
ink which in this manner has dropped upon the roller F is worked up by the
roller F, which, in addition to its rotary motion, has a backward and forward
movement in the direction of its length, and thus spreads the ink equally over
the surface of the roller F, from which it is given off to the printing roller.
In order to distribute the ink more equally over the surface of the printing
roller, I have added two other rollers F, F, of which only F3 comes in contact
with the cylinder, with the roller F, however, has, in addition to its rotary
motion, a backward and forward movement in the direction of its axis. This
'

page_text: apparatus is placed only on one side of each of the rollers A and C, but on both
sides of the roller B, because that roller prints both above and below; the paper
from the drum D is led to the printing roller C by a similar cavass stretched
over the rollers E¹, E. The straps which are shewn in the Drawings, Figures
7 and 9, serve to carry. one end of the paper in its passage through the
machine, the end of the web of the paper being attached to a cross piece of
paper, the ends of which are held between the straps; these straps are kept in
their places and set in motion by three systems of rollers. The first system
consists of the rollers m,'m, m; the: second of the rollers,, ; and the
third of the rollers 7, A, E, the position of these rollers is so arranged that the
strap in the middle system touches the straps in the upper and lower system,
and the paper and the 'paper which comes off the drum D is led through the
machine between the middle and lower straps, and the paper from the drum
F between the middle and upper straps. These straps pass through the draw-
ing rollers A² and A³, and C and C³, and: receive motion from them; and in
addition to this, the upper strap receives motion from a rigger im (Figure 6),
which is fastened upon the axis of the roller m, the lower strap receives-the
motion in a similar way from the drawing pulley Es, which is keyed upon the
shaft of the roller K'. The bearings of the different shafts and rollers are
fastened to the principal framing of the press, as shewn in all the Drawings
of this machine; this framework consists of two sides of the requisite shape
connected together by the stay. bars T, T, T³, T, T. On the axis of the
middle cylinder B (Figures 5, 7, and 10) is fastened a bevil wheel K, which
is connected with the shaft J, by the intermediate wheels Land L upon the
vertical shaft M, and the large wheel N. The eccentrics which work the levers
of the folding machine are keyed on the shaft. J, as shewn at O,-O, P, P,
When it is wished to print sheets of a smaller size, smaller printing rollers
must be placed upon the respective axes, and several of the wheels in con-
nection with them must also be replaced by others.
The inking rollers shewn in this apparatus may be made in. the ordinary
way, but I prefer to make them of gutta percha, softened. by the action
of acid, and when I make a roller of such a material I turn. it in a lathe,'
using heated cutting instruments, to reduce. it to the intended. diameter
and make it of the requisite smoothness. In making such a roller the
centre of it may be made either of wood or of metal. If made of wood,
I prefer first to give it a coating of ordinary gutta percha, and then add'
coating of the soft material. If the centre of the roller' be made of metal,
I put the covering upon it when in a warm state, so as the better to effect
the adhesion of the covering to the metals.The soft gutta-percha.which

page_text: I use for receiving impressions from matrixes, according to the first part of
my Invention, and also for making or covering such inking rollers as first
described, I prefer to soften in the following manner:-I take gutta percha in
a divided state and macerate it until all the acid is removed, after which
I wash it in water, and it is then ready for use.
.
My folding apparatus is shewn in Figures. 11, 12, 13, and 14 of the said
Drawings hereunto annexed. This apparatus I intend to use in conjunction
with my printing apparatus, already described, and I have, accordingly shewn
it in the Figures as so applied, but it may of course be used in any other way,
either for this purpose of folding printed or other paper, or any other, pliable
material. When the paper printed in one of my printing machines, already
described, or otherwise has been printed on both sides, it may be made to pass
out of the printing machine into the folding apparatus, shewn in Figures 11,
12, 13 a and b, so as to be folded in packs.
Figure 11 is a side elevation of the machine; Figure 18 a and 13 6, of two
folding apparatus as connected with the printing machine; and Figure 14, a
longitudinal section. On a girder H, below the machine, Figures 11 and 14,
are two shafts c and d, upon which are keyed two pairs of levers B, B', and
C, C', cach pair being connected at the upper end by means of bars D and E;
these bars carry on each end the cross pieces D¹, D", and E¹, E", which are
bolted on to the bars, and are moveable. On those parts of the cross pieces which
project at the interior side of the machine are fixed two strips of steel plate a, a,
and b, b, and at the opposite end of the cross pieces are tie rods; by means of
which the strips of steel plate may be strained; the process being similar to
the straining of a saw plate. The projecting ends of the bars D and E are
held and guided in slots at the lower parts of the forked ends of the levers A, A¹,
Figure 14. When the levers A, A, moves forward and backwards the plates
a, a, and b,
are also carried forwards and backwards in the direction of the
red lines shewn in Figure 14, thereby describing quadrants from the fulcrums
c and d of the levers, upon which they are fastened. The levers. A, A¹, are
keyed upon the shaft N, and are at their upper end connected with eccentricums
by means of the rods R and R', and thereby. receive a vibrating motion; the
extent of vibration of the lower and longer part of the lever can be regulated
by shifting the piece k at the upper end of the lever wherein the connecting or
draw rods. R, R¹, are secured by means of a bolt. The sliding piece h is
worked up and down by two screws i,, which receive motion by means of
the worm working into the two worm wheels k, k, which latter are keyed
upon the ends of the screws.; The platform upon which the paper is being
folded consists of a table K, Figures 13 a and b and 14. At the two opposite

page_text: edges of the table are two valves g and g¹ equal in length to the width of the
table. These valves are pressed upon the table by means of the springs a², a², a³,
and be, b³, b³, but are not fixed upon the table itself, but upon curved slides
9, 9, 9, and F, F, F, which slides are secured to a framework J, J2, of
corresponding shape, which framework is again secured to and serves as a
connecting piece of the principal frames J, J. The table K is supported on a
platform M, M. On the lower part of this platform are secured four brackets
0, 0, 0, 0, to which ropes s, st, s³, s³, are fastened, which pass over pulleys m, m,
m', m³, secured to the framework J; and weights L, L, L³, L³, being fastened
at the other ends of the ropes, it presses the table continually against the valves,
but without opening them. The paper which is to be folded passes between
the two plates a, and b, and its end is placed under the valve g', which will
hold it secure. Now the lever A; A', pass to the opposite side, carrying with
them the plates b, supported by the levers c, c', towards the valve g¹; the
tongue piece f, projecting from the pieces E on both sides of the plates b, lift
up the valve 9, and allow the plate 6 to push the paper under this valve. As
soon as the tongue piece f. together with the plate, is withdrawn from under-
neath the valve by the receding motion of the levers A, A', the valve will close
instantly and hold the paper secure. The plate a, secured to the levers B, B,
now carries the paper to the opposite valve g¹ which will also be raised by
the tongue pieces di, small secured to the cross pieces D, D¹, the paper will
be pushed under the valve by the plate b, and is kept secure by the
valve on the receeding motion of the lever. This process is continued
until the whole roll of printed paper is folded up. During the opera-
tion of folding the table K, which rests upon the platform M, M, supported
by weights, as above described, is pressed downwards by the gradually
increasing layer of folded paper; the platform M, M, is guided in this
descending motion by pulleys p, p, p, p³, secured to the brackets o, o', 02, 03,
sliding down between the rails 9, q', 23, 2³. When a sufficient quantity. of
folded paper has accumulated upon the platform, the table K, resting on rollers
v, v', v², v³, v', v³, Figure 14, can be slided out of the platform and be removed
from the folding apparatus, and replaced by another, upon which the same
operation of folding can be renewed. The arrangement for removing the table
loaded with folded paper is as follows:-To the bottom of the platform are
secured bearings t¹ and t, carrying the shaft t, on to which are keyed two cog
wheels and s'; above these wheels are two racks & and s, both being
sécured to the upper table K; and the the platform M will have descended so
far that the lowest part of the platform M, M, touches the beam X, X. The
machine is stopped for a moment and the key U fitting into the end of the

page_text: shaft t, is pushed forward and stuck on to the shaft, and by turning the
handle n, the cog wheels 8, s¹, will rotate, and by working into the racks &³, s³,
will push the table K along the rails on its rollers 1, 2, 3, and out of the
platform M, M, as the rails are continued on the floor of each side of the
machine. When used in conjunction with my machine, there are two folding
apparatus required, one to each side of the machine, as it prints from two
rollers of endless, paper at the same time.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in which
it is to be performed, I declare that I claim as of my said Invention,-
Firstly, the machinery herein before described for making rollers or cylinders
for printing, and the mode or modes in which such rollers or cylinders are
constructed as herein-before described.
Secondly, the mode or modes of constructing printing apparatus or machi-
nery so that the middle printing roller of the apparatus (if it contains only
three such rollers), or each of such rollers, except the first and the last, (if the
apparatus contains more than three such rollers,) may print or operate simulta-
neously, or nearly so, upon two or more sheets or lengths of paper or other
material, and also so that each of the sheets or lengths of paper or material
may have each of its sides printed as it passes through the machinery.
Thirdly, the mode or modes of making inking rollers (or rollers for dis-
tributing ink or coloring matters) covered with soft gutta percha in manuer
herein-before described.
And, fourthly, the mode or modes of constructing folding apparatus herein-
before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Gustav Adolph Buchholz, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of July, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-one.
GUSTAV ADOLPH (L.S.) BUCHHOLZ.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Sixteenth day of July, in the
year of our Lord 1851, the aforesaid Gustav Adolph Buchholz, came before
our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery and acknowlodand the Sunciliantion