matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF MANUFACTURE OF CLOTH
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Hudson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd June
1870.
I, ROBERT HUDSON, of Graystone House, Adwalton, near Leeds, in the
County of York, Machine Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF MANUFACTURE OF
CLOTH," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in the application of what is known by the
name of "shorts," "flocks," "shoddy," dust, or other similar fibrous
material to the wool or other fibre on its way on or from the doffer of a
carding engine to the stripper rollers and rubbers of the “condenser,"
"piecer," or other machine intended to receive it.
The mode I employ is to place the "shorts," " flocks," shoddy, dust,
or other material in a perforated hopper, cylinder, or other convenient
vessel, and to agitate them by means of a brush, crank, revolving motion,
or other suitable means, and deposit them in a fine shower on to the
rubber leathers of the condenser, piecer, or other machine intended to
receive the wool or other fibre from the carding engine. The rubber.
leathers then carry the shorts, flocks, shoddy, dust, or other material on

page_text: to meet and rub them into the wool or other fibre as it comes from the
carding engine. The shorts, flocks, shoddy, dust, or other material can
also be applied direct to the wool or other fibre on its progress on or from
the " doffer,' stripper rollers," or rubbers, without in the first instance
being placed on the rubber leathers as previously mentioned.
27 66
The advantages I claim are the application of "shorts," "flocks,"
"shoddy," dust," or other similar fibrous material to the wool or other
fibre whilst on its way on or from the doffer of a carding engine to the
strippers" or rubbing leathers" of the " condenser,' 'piercer," or
66
other machine intended to receive it.
966
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS COOKING STOVES
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Palmer, of the Firm of Palmer, Brothers,
of 10, Royal Promenade, Queen's Road, Bristol, Ironmongers, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS COOKING STOVES."
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said John Palmer at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and
Declaration, on the 26th April 1870, pursuant to the 9th Section of
the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
PALMER, of the Firm of Palmer, Brothers, of 10, Royal Promenade,
Queen's Road, Bristol, Ironmongers, send greeting.
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
GAS COOKING Stoves," and have petitioned Her Majesty to grant unto me,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, Her Royal Letters Patent for
the same, and have made solemn Declaration that I am the true and first
Inventor thereof.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Palmer, do hereby declare that
the following Complete Specification, under my hand and seal, fully
.describes and ascertains the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, in and by the following
:statement :-
This Invention consists in or of a gas oven so constructed that the gas
is not brought into direct contact with the food to be cooked or article
to be heated.
There are two cases of a rectangular form, one inside the other, made
of iron or other material, with a chamber or space on every side except
the front. In the front is a door communicating to the inner case only.
Another door of smaller dimension placed on one side near the bottom
communicates to the gas burners, jets, or flame which is placed in the
space or chamber between the cases. Immediately under the burners the
outer case is pierced with holes to feed them with air. The air is heated
by the burners and passes up the one side chamber, over the top, down
the other side, under the bottom, up the back, and escapes at last through
a flue at the top, thereby heating the interior of the oven in its transit.
The top of this stove forms a hot plate, and I fix thereto moveable rings
and covers for boiling purposes.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Palmer, have hereunto set
my hand and scal, this Twenty-sixth day of April, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR BRACES, BELTS, BANDS, AND STRAPS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Cofield at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th March
1870.
I, JOSEPH COFILLD, of No. 22, Ravenhurst Street, in the Borough of
Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Tool Maker, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR
BRACES, BELTS, BANDS, AND STRAPS," to be as follows:-
:-
This Invention is intended to supersede the use of the prong buckle
by "wedging" the fabric between two pieces of metal, ouc of which
being made thicker at one end will not pass quite through the taper box
or slot, but binds securely the band or brace when pressure is applied,
and is more particularly described in the following:―
A piece of metal (A) made, by bending or otherwise, thicker at onc
end partly through another piece of metal (B), which is formed and
pierced with a slot or slots, or made into a taper box or collar open at
both ends; through this slot or box the brace or band is passed, and is
thus between the two pieces of metal, and the action of A upon B
securely fixes the brace or band at the requisite distance.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CRAPE
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Henry Kay and Alfred
Thomas Richardson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 21th March 1870.
We, ROBERT HENRY KAY and Alfred Thomas RICHARDSON, of
Mobberley, in the County of Chester, Crape Manufacturers, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF CRAPE," to be as follows:-
:―
Our Invention relates to those descriptions of crape which are worn in
the form of a fine tissue, and when in process of being finished are
craped or crimped by mechanical means, as, for example, by being passed
between embossing or crimping rollers, and our said Invention consists
of an addition to a former Invention for which we have been granted
Provisional Protection bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of December
in the year last passed.
Our said former Invention had for its object to produce a crape
imitating closely the well-known appearance of the black Norwich silk
crape or of the colord crapes which are made and finished in the same
manner as the black Norwich silk crape, the said crapes having

page_text: previously to our said former Invention been composed entirely of
silk.
When carrying our said former Invention into effect we employed a
fine description of cotton yarn specially prepared for the purpose, or such
as is ordinarily known as crape yarn, the said yarn being carefully spun
so as to be sufficiently fine and even for the purpose, and receiving a greater
amount of twist than ordinary yarns. The said cotton yarn was employed
to constitute a portion of the fabric of the crape, the remainder of the
fabric consisting of the ordinary silk yarn.
Now since the filing of our application for the aforesaid Provisional
Protection we have found that an imitation of the aforesaid Norwich
silk crape may be made composed entirely of the aforesaid cotton crape
yarn. The tissue so formed or composed is craped or crimped by means
of the same or of similar appliances as are employed in the manufacture
of the aforesaid Norwich silk crape, that is to say, the said tissue is
craped or crimped by mechanical means, as, for example, by being passed
between embossing or crimping rollers in order to produce an appearance
resembling the appearance of the said Norwich silk crape as closely
as may be.
We would remark that we do not desire to claim the employment of
the aforesaid cotton crape yarns excepting when tissues entirely composed
thereof are crimped or craped by such mechanical means as have been
herein indicated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF METAL SURFACES COATED BY ELECTRO- DEPOSITION WITH NICKEL
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isaac Adams at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th April
1870.
I, ISAAC ADAMS, jun"., of Boston, Massachusetts, in the United States
of America, but now residing at the Queen's Hotel, Birmingham, in the
County of Warwick, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF METAL SURFACES COATED BY ELECTRO-
DEPOSITION WITH NICKEL," to be as follows:-
Electro deposits of nickel, like other electro deposits, are essentially
crystalline and consequently porous. This porosity in some cases allows
corrosive fluids that come in contact with the articles to penetrate
between the crystals to the surface of the more oxydisable metal
underneath, and since the metal nickel from its extreme hardness cannot
be readily burnished, an operation which has the effect of closing the
spaces between the crystals of metals, thus introducing something

page_text: analageous to a continuous sheet, it is desirable in some cases to deposit
upon the surface of the deposited nickel a softer metal, such as silver
or gold, by burnishing, which so fills up the pores or spaces between the
crystals of nickel.
AN IMPROVED WHEEL FOR TRACTION ENGINES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Angelo Sedley at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st December
1870.
I, ANGELO SEDLEY, of Conduit Street, Regent Street, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED WHEEL FOR TRACTION ENGINES," to be as follows :-
My improvements consist in applying elastic treads as follows:-On
the outer circumference of a suitable wheel or disc and parallel to or at
an angle to the spindle of such wheel or disc I affix, by preference,
metal buffer cases containing metal springs or other elastic substances
with buffers similar to those used on railway engines, carriages, and
trucks in such a manner that the buffers are projected radially, so as to
form a sort of tire or tread of the wheel, and when these buffers as the
wheel is rotated are brought into contact with the ground they will
have, owing to the weight of the carriage and the action of the springs
or elastic substances contained within or about the buffer cases an
elastic prehensile and progressive holding power on the roadway or
ground, and in order that the buffers may move properly within their
cases these cases are suitably packed and provided with friction rollers,

page_text: and these buffer cases may contain one or more springs or elastic
substances and buffers, and be also of any desirable form or section,
and be made wholly of metal, or partially of metal and other substances
combined.
•
According to the circumstances of the particular case so the details
above mentioned may be varied in the practical application of my
Invention.
Im- PROVEMENTS IN MECHANISM ARRANGED IN COMBINATION WITH THE LOCKS OF BOXES, DRESSING AND OTHER CASES, DESKS, DRAWERS, CUPBOARDS, OR OTHER SIMILAR RECEPTACLES, TO FACILITATE THE OPENING THEREOF
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Dyus and George John
Parry at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 20th July 1870.
We, JOHN DYUS and GEORGE JOHN PARRY, of the Firm of Dyus and
Company, of 28, New Charles Street, Clerkenwell, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN MECHANISM ARRANGED IN COMBINATION WITH THE LOCKS OF BOXES,
DRESSING AND OTHER CASES, DESKS, DRAWERS, CUPBOARDS, OR OTHER SIMILAR
RECEPTACLES, TO FACILITATE THE OPENING THEREOF," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the arrangement and application of
mechanism in combination with the lock of a box, dressing or other case,
desk, drawer, cupboard, or other similar receptacles, so that when
desired such receptacles can be opened and closed with great facility by
the pressure of the finger upon a lever or slide arranged secretly or other-
wise near to or in combination with the handle, or in any other suitable.
position, the bolt of the lock at other times being firmly secured by the.
action of the key upon a "dog" lever or bolt arranged in combination.
with the lock.

page_text: In the application of our improvements to boxes, dressing and other
cases, desks, or similar receptacles, one end of a lever acted upon by a
spring is fixed near to the handle or upon the top or side of the box, case,
desk, or similar receptacle, and if preferred so as not to be readily
observed except by the user. The other end of the lever is so formed as
to pass through into the link or catch on the lid with which the bolt of
the lock engages, the bolt being kept in position by a spring and acting
for the time as a spring bolt fastening. By pressing upon the lever the
end within the link or catch acts to throw back the bolt, and thus dis-
engage it from the link or catch, a spring at the same time acting to
slightly raise the lid, so that the box, case, or desk can be readily
opened, being closed again when desired by pressing down the lid.
A key is employed to lock the box, case, or desk securely, the lock
whether it be a Bramah lever, or ordinary spring lock being arranged
dog" lever, bolt, or other contrivance which fixes the main
bolt firmly in one position so that it cannot be pressed back when locked
by the action of the lever previously described. A slide acted upon by a
spring may be employed in place of the lever to disengage the bolt of the
lock from the link or-catch.
with a
In the application of our improvements to the locks of drawers, cup-
boards, or other similar receptacles the bolt of the lock which is kept in
position by a spring, except when locked by the key, is pressed out of
action by a lever arranged in a similar manner to that previously
described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELIPTICAL CLIP ADJUSTMENTS OF DOOR SPRINGS OR HINGES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Douglas Mole at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition; on the 28th June
1870.
Ì, DOUGLAS MOLE, of Webber Street, Blackfriars Road, in the County
of Surry, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ELIPTICAL CLIP ADJUSTMENTS OF DOOR SPRINGS OR HINGES,"
to be as follows:
My Invention consists in placing a pair of eliptical clips in contact
with a series of powerful steel springs by which the clips are secured in
such position as the door may be required and there held. The joints
or moving hinge with the springs are attached to a sliding plate in the
hinge box so that they may be readily moved laterally either to the
right or left-hand side by means of a pair of adjusting screws placed in
the box face for that purpose, and by this lateral sliding motion the door
is brought into any position required and thus obviate the necessity of
taking down and adjusting to meet the changes of temperature: My
improvement consists in this lateral adjustment motion.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CERTAIN ORNAMENTAL AND USEFUL ARTICLES, SUCH AS BUTTONS, STUDS, OR OTHER ATTACHMENTS FOR DRESS, KNOBS FOR DOORS AND DRAWERS, CHAIR NAILS, HARNESS MOUNTS, AND FOR VARIOUS OTHER PURPOSES ANALOGOUS TO THESE
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Hoffman and Frederic
Arthur Harrison at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 5th July 1870.
We, JOHN WILLIAM HOFFMAN, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Manufacturer, and FREDERIC ARTHUR HARRISON, of the
same Place, Jeweller, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CERTAIN ORNAMENTAL AND USEFUL
ARTICLES, SUCH AS BUTTONS, STUDS, OR OTHER ATTACHMENTS FOR DRESS, KNOBS FOR
DOORS AND DRAWERS, CHAIR NAILS, HARNESS MOUNTS, AND FOR VARIOUS OTHER
PURPOSES ANALOGOUS TO THESE," to be as follows, that is to say:-
We take a head or blank pressed, moulded, or cast, of china, porcelain,
glass, or other vitrified substance intended to be mounted on metal, and
many of which by the present method of mounting such articles would
require to be ground, cut, or polished on the back thereof, and taking
such head or blank with the back roughed when it comes from the press
or mould we take a flux, by preference composed of silica, oxide of lead,
& either potash or borax, or both, afterwards reduced to powder. This
powder may be mixed in either a volatile oil or water and laid upon the

page_text: back of the article to be mounted. The flux must then be dried and
burnt on, after which the article is ready for what is termed the
quicking process, which consists in backing it again with lead or other
metallic base upon which the shank or nail or other like part is to
be soldered, or two heads or blanks may be similarly soldered together.
By this process we save the grinding, cutting, and polishing of the
back of the head or blank, and at the same time unite the parts
much more securely together.
AN IMPROVED BOLT OR FASTENING APPLICABLE TO DOORS AND WINDOWS AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Wyburd Furrell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th February 1870.
I, EDWARD WYBURD FURRELL, of No. 13, Richmond Road, Westbourne
Park, in the County of Middlesex, Civil and Mechanical Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for " AN IMPROVED BOLT OR
FASTENING APPLICABLE TO DOORS AND WINDOWS AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES,"
to be as follows:-
1. It consists of an iron or "metal" cylindrical casing of suitable
dimensions, one end of which has provision for securing it to woodwork,
and the other end which is open has an internal rim or flange formed
round its edge of slight depth.
2. A circular plate of metal fitting closely but freely round the inside
of the casing is made to revolve against the said internal rim or flange
by means of a handle fixed to the outer face of the plate, which handle
projects in front of the casing. On the inner face of the circular plate an
annular groove is cut, its centre being eccentric with the centre of the
plate and consequently with the centre of revolution of the plate.

page_text: 3. A bolt is provided which works through holes cut diametrically
opposite to each other in the shell of the cylindrical casing and slides
in immediate contact with the inner face of the circular plate through
the before-mentioned holes. The bolt has a projecting pin formed on
its surface, which drops into the eccentric annular groove cut in the
circular plate as described. The bolt being in this position provision
is made to prevent its turning and bringing the pin out of the groove.
4. There is a suitable staple for the reception of the bolt. On turning
the circular plate round in either direction -by means of the handle, the
eccentric annular groove acts upon the pin on the bolt, and the pin
being constrained to keep. within the groove the required reciprocating
motion in the bolt is obtained and the same cannot be forced back when
fastened.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESERVING VEGETABLE MATTER
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Thornton Shiells at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st July 1870.
I, ROBERT THORNTON SHIELLS, of Edinburgh, in the County of Mid
Lothian, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said In-
vention of "'IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESERVING VEGETABLE MATTER," to be as
follows, that is to say:-
-
This Invention which relates to preserving vegetable matter in a state
fit for feeding animals consists as follows:-The vegetable matter to
be preserved, namely, such roots as turnips, carrots, mangold wurtzel,
parsnips, potatoes, and others of a similar type, as well as the stems
and leaves thereof, also the stems and leaves of such vegetables as
cabbages, lettuces, cauliflowers, and others of a similar class, are crushed
or pulped by any kind of mechanism adapted for performing that
operation, the pulped mass is thereafter admixed with crushed or ground
cereal matter or flour or with seeds, such as grass seed, turnip or rape
seed, clover or unground grain, after which the preserving substance

page_text: composed of one or more salts is added. When the substances herein-
before referred to are properly commingled together into a mass the
mass is dried either by exposure to heat, by pressure or otherwise, and
when supplied as food for cattle it is ground or reduced to small pieces
or it may be supplied in cake.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ARTICLES BEARING OR CONTAINING LETTERS, CHARACTERS, INSCRIPTIONS, OR ANNOUNCEMENTS, ESPECIALLY APPLICABLE FOR ADVERTISING PURPOSES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Samuel at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
July 1870.
I, CHARLES SAMUEL, of the Firm of Samuel Brothers, of Ludgate
Hill, in the City of London, Merchant Tailors, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ARTICLES BEARING OR
CONTAINING LETTERS, CHARACTERS, INSCRIPTIONS, OR ANNOUNCEMENTS, ESPECIALLY
APPLICABLE FOR ADVERTISING PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is the production of articles of a portable
character suitable for bearing letters, characters, inscriptions, or
announcements, especially applicable for advertising purposes, such, for
instance, as announcements of trade addresses, in such manner that the
inscriptions or announcements shall be protected from injury, loss, or
destruction.
The Invention consists in forming a spherical or otherwise suitably
shaped body, mass, or piece of glass or similar transparent or trans-
lucent substance made hollow, or having a hollow part in its interior,
and on the interior surface thereof I engrave, mark, paint, print,

page_text: or otherwise produce letters, characters, inscriptions, or announcements
so that the same may be distinctly visible on the outside of the glass or
transparent body. Or I engrave, mark, print, or otherwise produce the
said letters, characters, inscriptions, or announcements on a separate
piece or pieces of glass or other substance, or I form them by means
of such separate piece or pieces, and I insert or fix the same in the
interior of the glass or other transparent ball or body. The inscription
may be cast in or with the interior of the glass ball or body. It may
be made of the same or other colour, and gilt or otherwise metallized.
The glass of the ball or other body may be blown over it. The balls or
other bodies of glass or translucent substance may be used as marbles or
solitaire balls, or be attached to letter weights, or used for other purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPARATUS FOR PRESERVING ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Griffith Brewer at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th June 1870.-A communication from abroad by Edward Roberts
Kent, of Hamilton, Canada, Merchant.
I, EDWARD Griffith Brewer, of 89, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPARATUS FOR PRESERVING ANIMAL AND
VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES," (communicated to me from abroad by Edward
Roberts Kent, of Hamilton, Canada, Merchant,) to be as follows:-
Heretofore various attempts have been made to preserve animal and
vegetable substances in their natural state, and particular reference is
called to the Invention of Thomas Bowerman Belgrave, for which he
obtained Provisional Protection the 10th January 1865, No. 79, also to
the Invention of John and Arthur Gamgee, for which they obtained
Letters Patent the 24th September 1866, No. 2454, and also to the
Invention of William Estor and Maximo Terrero, for which they obtained
Letters Patent the 4th May 1868, No. 1457.

page_text: Now this Invention consists, first, in the construction and employment
of a particular vessel or chamber, which he calls the operative chamber,
as hereafter described.
Second. In the employment of a chamber or vessel for the production
of steam or heat for the purpose hereafter described.
Third. In the employment of the operative chamber in combination
with the second vessel, in the particular manner hereafter described.
And, fourth. In the employment of the fumes of charcoal, sulphur, or
chlorine, either separately or combined, in the operative chamber afore-
said, in combination with or not in combination with heat or steam, for
the purpose and in the manner hereafter described.
The operative chamber consists of an air-tight vessel for holding the
articles to be operated upon. It is fitted with a stand provided with jets
to burn sulphur or charcoal, or sulphur or charcoal may be burnt in the
vessel itself. The chamber or vessel for the production of steam or heat
is placed in communication with the operative chamber by a pipe or
pipes. The articles to be treated are placed in the air-tight chamber.
The sulphur or charcoal in burners, or charcoal on a stand, or substances
yielding chlorine by chemical decomposition aided by heat are then
lighted, and the articles are thus exposed to its action for about, say, six s
hours. Steam or heat from the boiler may be then applied by means of
the connecting pipe, or water may be impregnated with the above in the
operative chamber before mentioned, and the articles immersed in it for
a sufficient length of time for them to become charged or saturated.
The Invention then essentially consists in the preservation of animal 2
and vegetable substances by submitting them to the action of the fumes
of sulphur, charcoal, or chlorine, and subsequently, if desired, to the
action of steam in a chamber or vessel constructed substantially as
described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BLACKING OR PAINTING PIPES AND TUBES AND THE MOULDS IN WHICH THEY ARE FORMED
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Woodhall at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
September 1870.
I, SAMUEL WOODHALL, of Netherton, near Dudley, in the County of
Worcester, Iron Moulder, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BLACKING OR PAINTING PIPES AND TUBES AND
THE MOULDS IN WHICH THEY ARE FORMED," to be as follows, that is to say :—
My Invention consists in the employment of a bucket perforated
through its sides with a series of holes for the lower half of its depth.
Within this first or main bucket is contained a second or regulating
bucket having no bottom and mounted on a vertical spindle, and by
raising or lowering this second bucket the flow of the blacking or
painting compound is governed; a brush is formed round the lower edge
of the first bucket, and a similar brush round the upper edge of the
second or regulating bucket; these brushes are of somewhat larger
diameter than the outside of the main bucket. The buckets having
been placed one within the other are immersed in a reservoir of blacking
or paint, which flowing in through openings in the cover of the second

page_text: bucket is to be allowed to fill it; the apparatus being then removed to
the pipe or mould and dropped into it is worked up and down the pipe
or mould, when the inner bucket being raised the weight of the fluid
above will eject it through the holes in the outer bucket into the inside
of the pipe or mould. The brush on the top of the inner bucket then
smoothes the fluid; the brush upon the bottom of the outer bucket
serving to steady the apparatus in its descent, and to complete the
coating as it rises.
Iк- PROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO FIRE-PLACES, STOVES, AND GRATES FOR ENSURING SAFETY AGAINST FIRE AND THE PREVENTION OF SMOKY CHIMNEYS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lewis William Thomas at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 12th April 1870.
I, LEWIS WILLIAM THOMAS, of Dover, in the County of Kent, Iron-
founder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Iк-
PROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO FIRE-PLACES, STOVES, AND GRATES FOR ENSURING
SAFETY AGAINST FIRE AND THE PREVENTION OF SMOKY CHIMNEYS," to be as
follows:-
In or to the upper part of the fire-place, stove, or grate a roller
is fitted, to which is secured a rolling curtain made of a sheet of pliant
steel, which may be wound upon, or unwound from such roller, or of laths.
or pieces of metal or other suitable non-combustible material hinged.
or jointed together. This can be raised and lowered by means of a handle
attached to a worm and wheel or other gearing; the handle works
through orifices in the mantle-piece or front of the stove or grate, and
can be applied and removed as may be desired. Or the curtain can be
raised or lowered by means of a spring attached to a roll, by drawing the

page_text: curtain down by means of a knob or otherwise, and by releasing the
pressure on the spring the curtain will be thrown up out of sight. Or
the arrangement may be that of a balance roll worked by the action of a
chain and weight. In use the curtain may be drawn partially down in
order to act as a "blower," or wholly down as a fire guard.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR COMPRESSING METALS IN A LIQUID CONDITION
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Haseltine at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
November 1870.-A communication from abroad by Constantine
Michael Ocooneff, Manager of the Sormovo Steel and Iron Works,
near Nijni-Novgorod, Russia.
I, GEORGE HASELTINE, of the "International Patent Office," South-
ampton Buildings, London, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR COMPRESSING
METALS IN A LIQUID CONDITION," a communication, to be as follows:-
I effect the object of this Invention by grouping moulds or forms into
which the metal is to be run around a table or disc, and connecting them
by gits with a runner placed in the centre of the said table or disc, which
is revolved at any desired speed to suit the nature of the metal or of the
casting to be made. The rotation of the said table may be produced by
a steam engine or by animal or other power through the medium of
suitable wheel gearing which may be adjusted or changed to produce
the desired variations of speed. The positions of the moulds or forms
must be determined by the resultant of the different forces brought into
action by revolving the aforesaid table or disc and by the weight of the

page_text: metal in the moulds, or forms, and runner, the axis of the moulds or forms
is placed in the direction of the resultant of the said forces, which are,
first, centrifugal force; secondly, the inertia which has to be overcome;
and, thirdly, the weight of the metal; that is to say, the centrifugal
force generated by the revolutions of the table will of course tend to
throw the molten metal outward; the inertia of the mass of metal will
simply resist this outward tendency, while the weight of the molten metal
will cause a downward pressure. Therefore the molten metal would
naturally flow from the central runner in an outward and downward
direction, and I place the axis of the moulds as near as practicable in
this direction, and thereby obtain the best possible results in the
castings.
AN IMPROVED MEANS OF RENDERING CASKS AND OTHER VESSELS AIR AND WATER-TIGHT
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Somervell, of Kendal, in the County of
Westmoreland, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED MEANS OF RENDERING
CASKS AND OTHER VESSELS AIR AND WATER-TIGHT."
Scaled the 20th January 1871, and dated the 15th November 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Somervell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th November 1870.
I, JOHN SOMERVELL, of Kendal, in the County of Westmoreland, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MEANS
OF RENDERING CASKS AND OTHER VESSELS AIR AND WATER-TIGHT," to be as
follows:-
I propose to render casks and other vessels air and water-tight by
means of a coating of gelatine, isinglass, or any other glutinous substance

page_text: insoluble in cold water, and of such a nature as will prevent the escape
of gas or fixed air.
The coating may be applied either in the following or in any other
manner which I may find more suitable for my purpose:-The cask or
other vessel being first thoroughly dried a strong solution of the glutinous i
substance is put into it, the vessel is rolled or moved about until a
sufficient coating of gluten is deposited, and is then kept in a dry
atmosphere until this coating is fixed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GLASS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Balmain at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th August 1870.
I, WILLIAM HENRY BALMAIN, of Saint Helen's, in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GLASS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the use of caustic soda and caustic potash
in the manufacture of glass in place of the carbonates of those alkalies.
The advantages attained are perfect or nearly perfect freedom from
sulphate and acceleration of founding and fining, thereby effecting a
saving of fuel and obtaining more work from the same plant. The
alkali is mixed in the same way as is now usual with the carbonates, or
it may be mixed roughly and the mixture fritted and reground to effect
better admixture. Or the caustic alkali may be previously fritted,
melted, or otherwise combined with one or more or a portion of one
or more of the other ingredients and afterwards mixed with the
remainder.
AN IMPROVED ALBUM OR DEVICE FOR CONTAINING PHOTOGRAPHIC OR OTHER PICTURES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Middleton Chapman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd March 1870.
I, MIDDLETON CHAPMAN, of the Firm of O. Chapman and Son, of
Charterhouse Buildings, Goswell Road, in the County of Middlesex,
Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED ALBUM OR DEVICE FOR CONTAINING PHOTOGRAPHIC OR OTHER
PICTURES," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to construct albums in such manner
that they can be readily opened out to display at one and the same time
all or a number of the photographic or other pictures which they contain.
My Invention consists in forming albums of leaves of tapered form,
and in making at or near the wider end of each leaf and on one or both
sides of the same a compartment to receive and display a photographic
or other picture, the leaf being provided with a slit by which the picture
is inserted into the compartment and withdrawn therefrom as required,
and if desired I make an additional slit and compartment to receive a
card bearing the name of the picture. The leaves are connected or

page_text: fastened together by means of gussets or tapes, and by a pin or other
similar contrivance passed through them at or near their narrow ends,
so that they can be opened out upon this pin or closed one over another
as desired in a similar manner to a fan. The leaves may be made of
leather or other suitable material, and variously ornamented or not
according to taste.
IMPARTING ELASTICITY AND STRENGTH TO CHAIN CABLES OF SHIPS OR TO ANY. OTHER DESCRIPTION OF CHAIN
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Sleigh at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
January 1870.
..
+
I, FRANCIS SLEIGH, of 35, Wakefield Street, Regent Square, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPARTING ELASTICITY AND STRENGTH TO CHAIN CABLES OF SHIPS OR TO ANY.
OTHER DESCRIPTION OF CHAIN," to be as follows:-
By means of a peculiarity in the shape of the links, and also by
springs attached thereto, to cause reaction, which when a chain is
subjected to a sudden strain restores it to its ordinary working length.
Two kinds of link are employed to effect this, namely, first, a link of
the usual elliptical outline so formed that when the chain is extended
and this link is in a state of suspension it will assume a perpendicular
attitude, by being so graduated and worked off in the making that the
lower half of its ring shall be both heavier and stronger than the upper
half. This link is provided with two slide surfaces on the inner and
opposite ends of its ring. These surfaces incline upwards towards cach
other at an angle of sixty degrees, more or less.
:

page_text: .
Secondly. An alternate link (in suspension horizontal) in substance
and strength equal to the lower half of the preceding slide or perpen-
dicular link, and of elliptical outline. To the nether surface are attached
springs curved to conform to the shape of this link. These springs may
be fixed either to the centre bar or to those parts of the under surface
of the ring next the centre bar. These springs pass with the link to
which they appertain respectively through the eyes of the proximate
links, and rest and act upon the lower and inner surfaces of those links,
these springs to be of sufficient strength to keep the chain at its
working length by supporting the link now described, so that its inner
ends shall be in contact with the upper part of the slides upon which
it acts. The action of these springs, the slides, and the weight of iron
chain when extended will in combination effectually parry any sudden
strain. [The springs must be so made and adjusted as to avoid pressing
the link to which they belong against the upper and inner surfaces of
the two proximate links.]
I claim for this Invention the novelty of imparting to chain cables (or
to any other description of chain) elasticity and strength to resist sudden
strains, or for any modification of the principle of this Invention as herein
defined.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR PRESERVING BUTTER AND OTHER SIMILAR SUBSTANCES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th May 1870.-A communication from abroad by Messieurs
Guichard and Son, of Paris, in the Empire of France.
.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR PRESERVING
BUTTER AND OTHER SIMILAR SUBSTANCES," a communication from abroad by
Messieurs Guichard and Son, of Paris, in the Empire of France, to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to the preservation of butter and other like
perishable articles which are injured by being exposed to variations of
temperature, and consists in so packing them for transport or for being
kept in store for use that they may be readily transported from one
country to another without injury by reason of variation of temperature.
For this purpose the vessel in which the substances to be preserved are
packed is enclosed in another vessel of larger dimensions, so as to leave
a space between the two vessels, which space is to be filled with some
preserving liquid, the liquid preferred for that purpose being water

page_text: charged with carbonic acid. The inner and outer vessels are constructed
with ribs or projections so as to maintain the required space between
them all round, and at the same time prevent any shaking. The same
effect may also be produced at the bottom by means of cross pieces or
other suitable distance pieces. The substance to be preserved is first
packed in the inner vessel, which may be of metal or earthenware (metal
being preferred), with sufficient pressure to expel any superfluous
moisture, and the vessel is then hermetically closed by soldering or by
any other well-known means. A solution of tartaric acid is then poured
into the space between the vessels, and the outer covering is closed.
In order to generate the carbonic acid a cup is adapted to the inner
vessel which is filled with bi-carbonate of soda, and on turning the closed
vessel upside down the solution of tartaric acid will come into contact
with the bi-carbonate of soda contained in the cup, (which is serrated
at the edge for that purpose, and by decomposing it produce the carbonic
acid required.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN DOMESTIC FIRE ESCAPES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Edward Tyrrell Steane
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 25th May 1870.
I, SAMUEL EDWARD TYRRELL STEANE, of Barking, in the County of
Essex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN DOMESTIC FIRE ESCAPES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to improvements in that class of domestic fire
escapes in which a long tube or shoot of canvas or other suitable material
is used as a means of escape to the ground. These improvements have
for their object to provide a more ready and efficient means of escape at
less expense than heretofore. With this object I dispense with the
cumbrous metal frame hitherto employed to suspend the tube from the
window, and connect the tube permanently to the window in the
following manner :-I prefer to enlarge the mouth of the tube to facilitate
entrance thereto, and make the said end or mouth at a considerable
angle to the length of the tube. Around the mouth of the tube I run a
rope, bound or secured at or near the edge thereof, to which rope are
attached several rope grommets which pass through rings in three or

page_text: more eye bolts fixed on the inside of the wall of the house directly below
the sill of the window to which the escape is to be attached. Similar.
means of attachment are also provided around the aperture of the.
window so that the mouth of the tube which is cut aşlant, as before.
mentioned, will to a certain extent enclose the aperture to facilitate.
entering tube, and at same time to prevent the person escaping from
observing the height of the window from the ground. To assist the
descent I provide a rope within the tube fastened to one of the eye bolts,
said rope being made of soft material such as wool or tow twisted with
the strands so as to avoid injury to the hands in descending the shoot.
I also make an aperture near the lower end of the tube at the side next
the house (when the tube is in position), the opposite side being slit up
to afford an exit for the person descending. Grapnels are also attached
to the lower end of the shoot which on obtaining a hold on the ground
serve to keep said shoot in an inclined position as far from the house
as possible. The escape when not in use. would be placed in a box
beneath the window sill inside the room, and when required the tube is
thrown out from the window and held by a person below or by the
grapnels as above described. Each person after entering the shoot
descends by the aid of the rope and on arriving at the aperture near the
lower end the feet pass through on to the ground causing the person to
assume an erect position previous to emerging through the slit in the
opposite side of the tube.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BURNERS FOR BURNING GAS AND VOLATILE COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Barling at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
August 1870.
I, THOMAS BARLING, of the Royal Baths, Weymouth, in the County
of Dorsetshire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BURNERS FOR BURNING GAS AND VOLATILE COMBUSTIBLE
LIQUIDS," to be as follows:-
:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in burners for burning
gas and volatile combustible liquids.
In order to obtain a smokeless flame by burning gas mixed with air
I construct a burner by winding wire around a perforated pipe, to which
the gas is supplied, so as to form a coil of some thickness around tho
pipe. The gas escapes from the pipe into the coil, and finds its way.
in a great number of small streams through the interstices of the coil..
Air also finds its way through the same interstices and mixes intimately
with the gas, and the mixture on its escape from the coil is ignited. A.
guard of perforated metal may be placed over the wire coil to protect it
from direct contact with the flame.

page_text: In place of using gas the burner may be employed to consume a vola-
tile combustible liquid, such as light hydrocarbon oil. In this case the
liquid is allowed to trickle or pass drop by drop into the perforated
burner, where by the heat it encounters it is evaporated, and the vapour
mixed with air escapes from the burner and is ignited.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR BINDING TOGETHER OR FILING PAPERS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 23rd February 1870.-A communication from abroad by
Claude Morey, Stationers' Binder, Nicholas. Alphonse Aubertin,
the younger, Mechanician, and François Motte, Artisan, all of 13;
Boulevart St. Martin, Paris.
I, ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR BINDING TOGETHER OR
FILING PAPERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in paper binders, the.
advantages of which over apparatus of a similar kind are,—
1st. The improved system of mounting enables nearly double the
usual number of sheets or copies to be contained; it is likewise much
stronger, as are also the springs employed, rendering the action much
more rapid.
2ndly. Another advantage is derived from dispensing with a number
of parts, such as screws, rods, cover, and others, which have tended to
complicate apparatus of a similar kind.

page_text: 3rdly. It will be seen on examining the Drawing that the binding
apparatus of this Invention combines the mechanism and covering of
the old arrangement; but the form is greatly simplified, inasmuch as
only one instead of two covers is employed.
Further. The improved combination of this Invention is much more
solid and acts with greater rapidity and ease, and is not liable to get
out of order.
Lastly. I dispense with double covers, which have an unsightly
appearance.
The improved instantaneous action binder simplified in the above
manner combines-all-the-conditions_of_strength and rapidity of action
which are wanting in other arrangements, added to which it possesses
an elegance of appearance hitherto unattainable in similar apparatus.
The cost is also greatly reduced.
The improvements are illustrated in the accompanying Drawing,
Figure 1 of which shows an inside face view of the apparatus, the
mechanism being in the closed position; Figure 2 shows a partial front
view of the apparatus, with the mechanism in the open position;
Figure 3 shows a front view, and Figure 4 a side view of the mechanism
on an enlarged scale. The same reference letters apply to all the
Figures.
a, single cover of the apparatus; b, fixed part of the mechanism
carrying the pins c, c, c, for holding the sheets; d, d, mortises forming
guides in raising or lowering movable part f which serves to thrust the
sheets on to the pins c; h, clip for securing or releasing part f, and
consisting of a flat spring having a nib fitting in a small mortise i of
said part for the purpose of securing the same, as shown in the red
line position, Figures 3 and 4; j,j, coiled spring, the two limbs of which
act on the slides m, m, of movable part f
: