Improvements in or relating to Drilling or Boring Variously Shaped Holes, applicable also for Shaping or Trueing the Exteriors of Nuts or for analogous operations.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 15th May, 1891
Complete Specification Left, 15th Mar., 1892-Accepted, 15th June, 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Drilling or Boring Variously
Shaped Holes, applicable also for Shaping or Trueing the
Exteriors of Nuts or for analogous operations.
I, AUGUSTUS KERR PHILLIPS of 36, Lexham Gardens, South Kensington, in
the County of Middlesex Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
The object of my invention is to provide the means by the use of a single spindle
receiving a rotary motion by which square or other shaped holes having straight
lines for their sides can be drilled or bored with sharply defined and true angles, or by
which the sides of nuts can be cut or shaped to like forms. The invention consists
chiefly in a novel form, construction and arrangement of spindle, to which the
cutting tool can be attached by means of a holder or be formed on end out of a part
of a central spindle supporting one or more cains of the form of the aforesaid
spindle and by the rotation of which within a suitable guide and with a suitable
feed the tool is caused to move and cut over such an area and into metals or other
substances as to make a square or other shaped hole as may be arranged for by the
suitable construction of the spindle used, upon the principles hereafter described,
for that of a square hole. The invention can be used in a perpendicular position
as in the downward action of an ordinary drill, or horizontally as in the action of
a lathe.
In carrying out this invention for the purpose of making a square hole, the
spindle is formed with a cross section corresponding to the outer lines of the figure
drawn and formed in the following way, as shewn on accompanying diagram.
1. Draw the two lines a a' of sufficient length to intersect each other at right
angles.
2. Through that intersection draw the lines b. at an angle of 45°, this
fixes a common centre about which to form the figure for the shape of the spindle.
3. About this centre describe the square A. of the size of the hole wished to be
bored.
4. Outside of the square A and equidistant from it on all sides, delineate the
outer square B of the size of the square guide or box intended to be used for the
spindle to revolve in.
5. Inside the square A delineate the equilateral triangle C. by the lines c. c¹ c¹.
6. From the three points of the triangle C. describe the three circles D. D¹ D".
7. From the centre point of circle D. draw the lines d. d' at an angle of 45°,
this defines the upper quarter segment of the circle D.
8. Define the centre of the triangle C. by drawing the intersecting lines e e¹,
prolonging them beyond the lower circles D' D".
9. Through the centre points of the circles D' D" and intersecting respectively
with the lines e, e, at the peripheries of the circles D₁ D" draw the lines f. f.
10. From the centre point of circle D. draw the lines ff. and f₁f intersecting
respectively with the lines b. and ff at the peripheries of the circles D¹ D".
11. Describe the curve g. from centre point of circle D. to intersect lines e. e¹
at E. E¹ respectively.
12. Describe the curves h. ' from the centre points of circles D' D" to
intersect with line e. of the intersection and curve g. and line e and curve g',
respectively, at points E. El.
13. From these two last created pivot points E. E' describe the curves i. i¹
between the lines d. and f., and d¹ and of the respective sides of the figure.

page_text: 14. Describe curve j. from the point of the lower right hand corner of the
square A. Describe the curve from the point of the lower left hand corner of
square A.
15. The signs of the X mark the limit of the sweep of the several curves between
thein.
16. The completed figure, correctly drawn, is the cross section of a spindle that
will always freely revolve within a true square guide, whose width between between
its opposite sides is the same as the measurement across, from outside periphery to
outside periphery, through the centres of either two of the three circles described in
forming the figure, the spindle having a bearing at all times on each of the four
sides of the square guide, and in every position of its revolution within it, the
movement being a positive one, free from vibration, or any play beyond that
required for its revolution, or that of a round spindle within a close fitting round
guide or sleeve.
The tool suitably placed at the cutting end of the spindle will describe and cut
out a square of true shape-its outside cutting point being placed at the point of
intersection of the perpendicular line a. with the line forming the top side of the
square A.
The cutting edge of the tool is at or on its bottom extending backwards from its
cutting point last described, not necessarily taking any particular direction or curve,
but in its length slightly passing the centre of the square A. I prefer to limit the
depth of the tool to the centre point of the defined triangle C. and to use the shaped
tool as shown in the diagram marked F. confining its outside dimensions to within
the side lines of the triangle C., although they may extend slightly outside of them
without interfering with the true formation of the square. In cutting nuts,
the tool cuts on the outside of the form to be obtained, the tool being bent
or so formed as to do so. The spindle can be formed in the solid its full
length, or by one or more cams of the required shape supported by a spindle
or spindles of any shape passing through them and operating practically as a solid
spindle. The conformation of the spindle may also be obtained by two or more
cams likewise supported, but each cam embracing only a section or sections of the
periphery of the cross section described and shewn.
A template of the form described may be used towards effecting the same object.
Dated this 15th May 1891.
BROWNE & Co.,
60, Chancery Lane, Agents to Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Drilling or Boring Variously
Shaped Holes, applicable also for Shaping or Trueing the
Exteriors of Nuts or for analogous operations.
1, AUGUSTUS KERR PHILLIPS, of 36 Lexham Gardens, South Kensington, in
the County of Middlesex, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement :—
The object of my invention is to so direct a tool that its cutting point or edge, or
operating face shall travel in a path corresponding to the lines and angles of a
rectilineal figure having any desired number of sides; and my invention consists
in means fully set forth hereinafter, whereby such movements of the tool are
effected through the medium of a former and guide of peculiar construction and
suitable means of rotation.
In the accompanying drawings,
Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic view illustrating the main features involved in the
construction of the guide and former, and the line of path of the tool in cutting a

page_text: the formers to be used in cutting different rectilineal figures.
Fig. 7 is a side elevation of a vertical drill press and my improvement connected
therewith.
Fig. 8 is a side view of driving plate, and Fig. 9 a plan view of saine from the
bottom; Fig 10 is a plan view of tool head, and Fig. 11 a side view of same:
separate views of parts shown in Figure 7.
Fig. 12 is plan view of guide and former.
Fig. 13 is a side elevation of a lathe and my invention applied thereto.
Fig. 14 is a side view, and Fig. 15 a plan view of driving plate; Fig. 16 is side
view, and Fig. 17 is a plan view of tool head, separate views of parts shewn in
Fig. 13.
Fig. 18 is an end elevation of my invention and connecting parts, looking
towards face plate of lathe in Fig. 13.
Fig. 19 is plan view, and Fig. 20 a side view of an improved form of combina-
tion guide.
Figs. 21, 22, 23, 24, are plan views of a section of guide Fig. 19, and of guide
pieces for different figures.
Fig. 25 is sectional plan, and Fig. 26 an elevation showing one form of tool that
may be employed.
Fig. 27 is a side view of an improved device, in position, for the application of
power and a rotating movement to a cutting tool having, in its operation, a changing
centre.
Fig. 28 is a plan view of the underside of driving-head, and Fig. 29 is a sectional-
side view of same. Fig. 30 is a plan view of underside of intermediate-plate, and
Fig. 31 a sectional-side view of same. Fig. 32 is a plan view of upper side of tool-
head, and Fig. 33 a sectional side view of same; all being separate views of the
parts constituting the complete device shown in Figure 27,
Fig. 25 is a sectional end view of another form of cutting tool, and Fig 26ª a
side view of same.
Before describing the special construction of operating devices emg the
invention, I will refer to the principles by which I have been guide in working
it out.
Fig. 1. shews the upright square B', with the triangle V' having the same length
of sides, placed therein with its apex up and centered to the top line of square B ;
also a like square B² in a diagonal position, with the triangle V2 having its apex in
the top angle of square B². These two sets of companion figures of square and
triangle show the character and amount of play (movement without at least three
points of continuous contact) that exists between said figures when placed in the
two extreme positions shown..
Centrally and conformably placed in the larger figures are shown the smaller
squares B B³, and within them the triangle F with its points 1, 2, 3. B represents a
square shape to be cut, and B a square guide for a former that will carry a cutting
tool. The triangle F represents, figuratively, the cutting tool to. be used, with its
cutting point or edge 1 centered on the top line of square B, at point C.
The triangle F being free to be revolved in, and its point 1 to be carried along
the lines of the square B, I find fundamentally for this purpose, three circles D, D', D²,
described respectively from the angle points. 1, 2, 3 of triangle F, and touching
respectively the top, left and right sides of the outer square B'.
It will be noticed that the triangle F is held in the embrace or grasp, as it were,
of the three circles D, D1, D2, figuratively picked up by them in a cradle or
carrier.
Let the circles D, D1, D2, represent a body-a "former" with the representative
tool Fattached-and it is evident if the former be rotated that F will be carried
and directed by it.
Upon these three circles D, D', D³, as a foundation 1 form systematically, novel"
compositions of curves, intersections and projections that give to me shapes for

page_text: formers, which are capable of free rotation but without lateral play in a regular
rectilineal opening, or in a guide having faces or bearings coinciding with the sides
of a regular rectilineal opening, and which have in their respective planes a point
that will travel in a path coinciding with the form of outline of such opening, when
said formers are rotated therein.
The application of this result, to guide or operate a cutting or forming tool to
cut regular rectilineal forms, either as openings, or to shape externally any desired
body, may
be made in various ways.
Referring to Fig. 2, 0 represents the proper shape of a former for use in cutting
a square opening or figure, and B' that of the opening of the frame of a guide used
in such case.
The point C in the former O, the position of which is determined as hereinafter
set forth, will, upon the rotation of the former in the guide, travel in a path
indicated by the lines of square B-the outline of a figure coinciding in form with
the outline of the opening in the guide.
If therefore, a suitable tool is arranged upon. a former of such shape, with its
cutting point coinciding with the point C, and if the former is rotated with the
cutting point or edge of the tool in contact with the article to be cut or shaped,
the tool will travel upon, and, having a suitable feed, cut such article so as to
impart thereto an opening, or a shape externally coinciding with the outline
indicated by the lines of square B.
During the rotation of the former it must have at all times at least three bearing
points upon the different faces of the guide, which bearing points must change
during said rotation but without any binding or undue friction and which must be
so disposed that the former can have no play between its bearings. To secure
this result, a former that is intended to operate to carry the tool to cut a figure
having one outline must be differently shaped from the former used in cutting a
figure of another outline; and in order that the principle of construction, which I
have discovered, of such different formers may be fully understood, I will describe
the manner in which I lay out or produce the patterns of several different formers
and the proportions of the co-operating guides required, for cutting forms of
different shapes, the sizes of the guides to be used being practically optional.
Fig. 2 illustrates the manner of laying out the former and guide to be used with
a tool for cutting a square opening or the outer shape of an article to be squared
corresponding in size to that of the square B, which is done as follows:-
Draw the perpendicular line a and line a' intersecting it at right angles; this
fixes the common centre w, about which to form the figure.
From point w describe the circle A with a radius that will inscribe a square of
the size it is desired to shape; about this circle by lines s, s¹, s², s³ describe the
square B.
Equidistant from square B on all its sides by lines t¹² t³ describe the square B¹
of the size it is intended to use as a guide.
Through point w and the opposing angles of the square B, draw the lines.
Through the intersection of lines sa at C and the intersection of lines a¹ at f
and lines sa at f, draw respectively the lines cc. The point C indicates the
point to which is set the shaping point or edge of the cutting tool employed. In
square B define the equilateral triangle F by lines ddd intersecting on and
with the lines of the square at points 1 (C), 2, 3, constituting centres. From
centres 1, 2, 3 describe respectively the three circles D, D', D2, each with a radius
taken from point C through line a, to touch its intersection with line t.
Points are formed by the intersection of circle D with lines cc respectively
defining a curve h.
From point C describe the curve i, with a radius touching the intersection of
lines at to intersect lines cc'; creating points E¹ E respectively.
and
y respectively.
From points EE describe the curves commencing at points
prolonged to the side lines of square B'; creating thereon points
The radius of these two curves is the diameter of a circle inscribing B¹.

page_text: From pointsy' describes curves m'm commencing at points E', E, to intersect
curves respectively.
2
The signs X mark the limits of the respective curves h, i, k, k², m, m' which
define the outline of the completed figure O.
In laying out the pattern of former and guide to be used for cutting a hexagonal
figure, I proceed as follows, reference being to Fig. 3.
Draw the perpendicular line a and line a intersecting it at right angles; this
fixes the common centre we about which to form the figure.
About this centre by lines s, st, 1,,, 7, describe the hexagon B : also draw
lines,, defining a square with the lines s, s¹, to illustrate the position of a
hexagon to a square.
Equidistant from hexagon B on all its sides, by lines t, t, t, to, to, t, describe
the hexagon B¹ of a size it is intended to use as a guide, also draw lines t², 1³,
defining a square with lines t, t'.
Through point we draw the lines b,, to intersect the centres of the diagonal
sides of figures B, B', at right angles thereto.
Through the intersection of lines s, a, at C, and through the intersections of
liness, b, at f, and lines 1, 1, at f, draw, respectively the lines c, c'. Point C
indicates the point to which is set the shaping point or edge of the cutting tool
employed.
In hexagon B define the equilateral triangle F, by line c drawn in connection
with lines c, c, intersecting on and with the lines of the hexagon at points 1, (C),
2, 3 constituting centres.
From centres 1, 2, 3 describe respectively the three circles D, D', D², each
with a radius taken from point C through line a to touch its intersection with
line t. Points are formed by the intersection of circle D with lines c, c',
respectively, defining a curve h.
From point C describe the curve i, with a radius touching the intersection of
the lines a, to intersect lines c, e respectively, creating points E', E.
From points E, E, describe the curves k', k, commencing at points, and to
touch lines t, to, respectively, creating thereon points y', y. The radius of these
curves is the diameter of a circle inscribing B¹: From points y, y describe the
curves mm commencing at points EE and to touch the lines respectively;
the radius of these two curves is also the diameter of a circle inscribing B¹.
From the intersection of lines s,, at o, and of lines, s' at o¹, describe the
curves, commencing at points y, y, to intersect curves m³, m, respectively,
creating points n³, n. The radius of these two curves is the distance from point C
through line a to its intersection with curve i.
The signs X mark the limits of the respective curves h, i, k, k', 'l, l', m, m²,
which define the outline of the completed figure O.
In laying out the pattern for cutting an octagonal figure, I proceed as follows,
referring to Fig. 4.
Draw the perpendicular line a, and line a' intersecting it at right angles; this
fixes the common centre w about which to form the figure. About this centre by
liness, s', 2, 3, st, s³, so, s7, describe the octagon B.
:
Equidistant from octagon 13 on all its sides, by the lines t, t², 1², 1³, t^, 18,∙
describe the octagon B' of the size it is intended to use as a guide.
Through point w draw the lines b, b₁ to intersect the centres of the diagonai
sides of figures B, B', at right angles thereto.
Through the intersection of lines s, a, at C, and through the intersections of
lines, b, at f, and lines s', at f¹ respectively, draw the lines c, c'. Point C indicates
the point to which is set the shaping point or edge of the cutting tool employed.
In octagon B define the triangle F by line c drawn in connection with lines e, c¹,
intersecting on and with the lines of the octagon at points 1, (C), 2, 3, constituting
centres. From centres 1, 2, 3 describe respectively the three circles D, D', D³,
with a radius taken from point C through line a to touch its intersection with

page_text: line t.
Points a,, are formed by the intersection of circle D with lines c, c¹,
respectively, defining a curve h.
From point C describe the curve i, with a radius touching the intersection of
lines a, t, to intersect lines c, c', respectively, creating points E', E.
The radius of
From points E, E', describe the curves ¹, k, commencing at points ¹, and to
touch the lines 7, to, respectively, creating thereon points y¹, y.
these two curves is the diameter of a circle inscribing B¹.
From points y, y', describe the curves m', m, commencing at
and to touch the lines, respectively. The radius of these two
the diameter of a circle inscribing B'.
points E, E,
curves is also
From the intersection of lines s', s at o, and of lines so, s at o' describe the
curves, commencing at points y', y to intersect curves m', m, respectively,
creating points n¹, n. The radius of these two curves is the distance from point C,
through line a, to its intersection with curve i.
The signs X mark the limits of the respective curves, h, i, k, k, l, l', m m¹, which
define the outline of the completed figure O.
The pattern for use in cutting a pentagonal figure illustrated in Fig. 5 is laid
out as follows:-
Draw the perpendicular line a, and line a' intersecting it at right angles; this
fixes the common centre we about which to form the plane of the figure.
From point we describe the circle A¹ with a radius that will describe about a
pentagon of the size it is intended to shapen, and defining point f; in this circle,
by lines s, s',,, st, inscribe the pentagon B with its angle points f‚ ‚ƒ'³‚ ƒ³‚ ƒ˜³‚ƒˆ‚
and within the pentagon describe the circle A.
3
Equidistant from pentagon B on all its sides, by lines t, t¹, t², t³, t, describe the
pentagon B of the size it is intended to use as a guide.
Through point w draw lines b, b, 62, 63, each bisecting the figures B, B'.
,
Through the intersection of lines s, a at C, draw the lines c, c', parallel to
lines, respectively, and through point draw the lines e, el parallel to
lines b', respectively. Point C indicates the point to which is set the shaping
point of the cutting tool employed.
In pentagon B, by lines d, d', d², define the triangle F with its angle
points 1, 2, 3 at C, f, respectively, constituting centres. From centres 1, 2, 3
describe respectively the circles D, D1, D2 with a radius taken through line a to
touch its intersection with line t. Points, are formed by the intersection of
circle D with lines c, c¹ respectively, and define curve h.
Draw line e through the intersections of lines e, e', with the upper periphery of
circle A', defining in connection with these lines, the triangle Fi with its angle
points 1 a, 2 a, 3 a.
From point C describe the curve i with a radius that will touch a point u, on
line a, produced by a circle inscribing pentagon B¹ described from point w, the
curve i to intersect lines c, c', creating points E¹, E respectively.
From points E, E¹ describe the curves k¹, k, commencing at points a¹, æ,
respectively, and prolonged to the side lines of B¹. The radius of these two
curves is the diameter of a circle inscribing B¹.
From points 3, describe the curves, ¹, commencing at points 1, 2, the
intersection of lines e', e, with lines t³, respectively, and to intersect on line a,
defining point J.
From points on lines e, e¹, with a radius the diameter of a circle inscribing B',
describe the curves m; m² commencing at 2, 2, respectively, and prolonged to the
side lines of B¹.
From points ff', with the same radius as curve i, describe the curves p, p² to
intersect curves k, k¹, respectively, defining points y, y¹.
From points o³, o³, with a radius taken through line a from point to point I,
describe the curves 1, 1 to intersect the curves m², p² and m, p, respectively these
respective intersections defining points n', and n, r. The sigus X mark the

page_text: limits of the respective curves_h, i', i³, k, k¹, m, m², p, p'; l, which define the
outline of the completed figure O.
All the formers above described are irregular in outline, but for cutting a
triangle figure a former of regular outline is used, and there are two points to
either of which the cutting point or edge of the tool may be placed. Such patterns
are laid out as follows, reference being to Figure 6.
Draw the perpendicular line a, and line a intersecting it at right angles, this
fixes the common centre w about which to form the figure.
From point to describe the circle A, having the diameter of an equilateral triangle
of the size it is desired to shape, and by lines s s¹³ form the triangle B, defining
at its apex where cut by line a the point C. Point C indicates the point to which
is set the shaping point or edge of the cutting tool employed, or it may, in this
case, be set to the intersection of line a with the bottom side of B, viz. at C¹.
Equidistant from triangle B, on all its sides, by lines t, t1, t2, describe the
triangle B', of a size it is intended to use as a guide.
From points C, C₁, with a radius touching the contiguous sides of triangle B',
describe the circles D, D', respectively.
Through points C, C, at right angles to the sides of triangle B', and inter-
secting them respectively, draw the lines c, c¹ and c² c³ respectively, creating
points EE a, a, and and defining curves hi.
From points E E' describe the curves respectively, with a radius connecting
the arcs of circles D D' at the points ., ', and The signs X mark the
limits of the respective curves hikk' which define the outline of the completed
figure O.
Upon comparing the operations in laying out the above described different
patterns, it will be evident that they are systematically similar in all the principal
steps being the same, there being only such subordinate variations or additions in
the respective cases as result from the differences in the shape of the figure to be
cut; therefore, the method of laying out the figures shown being known, others
may be planned upon the same principles, and the system deduced therefrom
common to all may be summarized as follows:-
The figures B, representing the form and size to be shaped, and B', its relative
guide are laid out from a common centre, are conformably placed equidistant one
from the other on all sides, and bisected equally by the line a passing through the
common centre and the centre of either side of the figures.
The pattern O is laid out about a controlling point that is the location fixed for
the shaping point of a cutting tool which describes, in its rotation by the former,"
the lines of a rectilineal figure; this point is always at the intersection of line a
with figure B, at the centre of circle D.
The circle D which forms curve h, the central top curve of the former O, is
described from point C with a radius touching figure B' where intersected by
line at.
When there are two circles D1, D2, they are described from points upon
figure B that are points of a triangle F, contained within that figure. Each of
circles D, D', D² touch at least one side of B¹.
Lines, c, which define points a, a, and E, E', are drawn through points C and
control the limits of curve h. The angle of direction from line for lines c, c',
are determined by the rule; (1) It is the same either side of line a; (2) These
lines define curve with a length in degrees having the same proportion to the
circle of which it is a segment, that one side of the figure B1 bears to the whole
figure; that is, in the square it is 90°, or 1 to 4; in the pentagon 72° or 1 to 5; in
the triangle 120° or 1 to 3, etc.
Curve h, defined by points a, e, in the case of each former is the exact segment
of circle D which defines the points that are the points of contact between the
former O and guide B' when the former is centred through line a with any angle
of B'; when so centred, point C, the point of the tool, is at the corresponding
angle point of B, equi-distant through line c, c', from the sides of B'.

page_text: It is through lines c, c¹ drawn as described, at their intersections with i, that
points E', E are formed and from which are described curves k, k', the adjoining
curves to curve h. The radius of curves k, is always the diameter of a circle
inscribing figure B¹.
Curves and i are each described from point C.
Point 1 of triangle F always coincides with point C. In the pattern for the
triangle, triangle F is the figure B itself.
Curves m, m³, in even sided figures are described from points y', y, the inter-
sections of curves k', with side lines of figure B¹.
In odd sided figures they are described from points on lines e, e¹, with the same
radius as in even sided figures. The radius of curves mm² is the diameter of a.
circle inscribing figure B.
Curves 1, l, are described from points o¹, o, where side lines of figure B intersect,
or would if extended, with line a¹.
In the triangle pattern, points E E', are developed on the sides of the triangle
where lines cc cc intersect thereon, those lines respectively forming side lines to
triangles, line a forming one other side of each.
It will be seen that while there are, in the case of the square, four points of
constant bearing as between the former O and the guide B¹ when the former or
the guide is revolved, in that of the triangle there are not more than three, and in
the case of the pentagon, there are not more than three when the former is in
certain positions in the guide B'; but in any case the only possible movement of
the former O in guide B₁ must carry the point 1 of triangle F always on the lines
of the rectilineal figure it is formed to make, as the curves or points of the former
that are bearing at the time against the sides of guide B₁ force that point to move
only on those lines.
In the application of any one of these constructions to the movenient of a tool for
shaping an opening or the exterior of a body, I so arrange the tool that the
edge, point or corner that must travel in a path corresponding to the outline of
the opening or body to be shaped shall coincide with the point which is the centre
of the circle D.
According to the character of the operations and the nature of the material
operated upon the tool is differently shaped.
Preferably it is angular and in cross section kept within the face lines 10, 11,
12, 13, indicated in Fig. 25. The cutting edge or edges are on the side of a
medial line towards the faces 11 and 13, or the dotted curved line shewn. The
outer cutting point or edge is at 1; it may be the lowest on the under face, but
not necessarily so. I find a tool shaped as shewn in Figs. 25 and 26 works very
effectively. The face on the cutting side, 14 in Fig. 25, is curved and the under
face is also curved with the lowest point at about 2. In action the cutting edge
thus formed works freely in a channel of its own making, which tends to steady
the tool.
Should it be desired to shape the exterior of an article, as a nut, for instance,
the tool is set with its cutting edge to act exteriorly to the lines of the shape
to be cut.
A practical embodiment of my invention in connection with an operative
upright hand drill press or boring machine is illustrated in Figs. 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12,
in which T is the frame of the drill; 20 an arm projecting from the post 22
and supporting the plate 21 on which the work W is fixed. 23 is the spindle
of the drill fed down by hand wheel 24, the spindle being driven in the
usual manner by the fly wheel 25 having handle 26. 27 is a driving plate
held in the drill socket 28 by its shank 29 and a set-screw 30; this plate 27
has inserted in its under face the driving pin 31 which acts against an arm 32
projecting from the head 33 which holds the tool or cutter 34 in a socket 35
secured by set screw 36.
B is the guide shewn as attached to the arm 37 which is supported by and

page_text: clamped to the post 22 by a screw 38. O is the former consisting of two cams
attached to and supported by tool 34, which is rotated by the rotation of driving
plate 27 and its pin 31 bearing against the arm 32.
Fig. 12 shews guide B' as made in four parts 39, 40, 41, 42, so that the interior
faces thereof can be conveniently machined fastened together by bolts 43.
:
In the application of the invention to an ordinary horizontal lathe, illustrated in
Figs. 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 the mandril 44 carries the driving plate 45 having
shank 46 inserted in lathe centre 52, also having pin 47 which acts in contact with
the arm 48 of tool head 49 holding tool or cutter 50 secured therein by set screw 51.
53 is the face plate of the lathe.
B' is the guide form attached to slide rest 54 secured in position by bolt 55 in
tool post slot 56. O is the former in place in guide B' with tool 50 extending
through the same; 57 is a face plate to hold work W.
The lathe is driven in the usual manner, which rotates the driving plate 45, thus
operating the former O carrying the cutting tool 50, the face plate 57 holding the
work, being fed forward against the revolving tool.
In Fig. 19 is shewn a modified form of guide for drill having a face plate 58
with arm connection to obtain support from the drill post, and having arranged
upon its upper face the guide pieces 59, adjustable by slots 60 and nut bolts 61.
The former Orests and revolves upon the face plate between the edges of the
guide pieces, whose faces in this case are parts of the sides of a square. The
opening 62 admits the passage of the cutting tool.
When greater support for the tool is required, the guide may be made in two
parts placed one above the other as shewn in Fig. 20, for rigidity bolted
together, and both fitted with like guide pieces. The tool extends through the
cam or cams constituting the former, and is fed downward through and inde-
pendently of the former, by the means shewn in Fig. 7, or any other that is
suitable.
One guide bracket of this kind serves for several figures, each however having a
special set of guide pieces proper for the figure to be shaped, examples of which
are illustrated in Figs. 21, 22, 23, 24.
Besides the means shewn in Figs. 7 and 13 of connecting the cutting tool with
an ordinary drill and lathe, so as to rotate the tool and yet provide for its changing
centre, I have also adopted the means illustrated in Figs. 27 to 33 inclusive.
The device for this purpose consists of the driving head 63, intermediate plate 64,
and tool head 65, shewn in Fig. 27 in their relative fitting positions.
The driving head 63 has a tongue 68 on its under face to fit into a
groove 69 on the upper face of the intermediate plate 64; which has on its
under face, the tongue 70 at right angles to the groove 69; to fit into groove 71
formed in the upper face of the tool head 65. The socket 72 receives the shank
of the tool 67.
The tongues and grooves 68, 69, 70 and 71 are close fitting, yet slide freely in
each other.
The driving head 63 is rigidly held in the tool socket of a drill or lathe by its
stem 66, the tool head 65 is also rigidly fixed to the cutting tool, and the inter-
mediate plate is fitted between the driving head and tool-head as shown in Fig. 27
these parts being kept together by the feeding pressure.
The intermediate plate adjusts itself to any position that the tool may take in its
rotation. The propelling force is concentrated just where it is needed, automatically,
by the concerted action or play of the companion tongues and grooves of the
device.
Instead of revolving the former, it may be constructed so as to be stationary,
the guide being made to turn about the former and to carry the tool, in which case
the tool would be set on the guide with its cutting point or edge in line with the
point C of the former when the guide is in the position in respect to the former
shewn in Figs. 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The method herein described of constructing formers for apparatus for
cutting or shaping rectilineal figures, the same consisting in laying out two con-
formable figures, the inner corresponding in shape and size with the form to be cut,
and forming about the inner figure and within the outer one the shape of the former
by means of curves, described, some from points upon the inner figure and others
from points outside of said figure, those curves adjoining the top and bottom
central curves of the former and not being the same curves top and bottom, being
described with a radius of the diameter of a circle that inscribes said outer figure,
substantially as set forth.
2. The means herein described of cutting rectilineal figures, consisting of a guide
and a former constructed as set forth, the one having a rotary movement relatively
to the other, and a tool carried with or connected to the moving part having its
cutting point or edge thereby guided in a path corresponding to the outline of the
figure to be cut.
.
3. The combination with a tool, of a guide and a former constructed substan-
tially as described, the one fixed and the other rotating and carrying the tool, con-
nected therewith adjustably or not, in a path corresponding to the outline of a
rectilineal figure, substantially as set forth.
4. The combination of a guide, a former, and a tool connected with the moving
part, carried in a rectilineal path, the end face of said tool inclined towards a
point lower than the remaining parts of the face, substantially as and for the
purposes set forth.
5. The combination of a guide haying bearings or edges coinciding with those
of a rectilineal figure, a tool, a former constructed as set forth, and means for
rotating the former in the guide, substantially as set forth.
6. The combination of a rectilineal guide, a former rotating therein without
lost motion and carrying a tool in a rectilineal path, and means for rotating the
former and feeding the tool substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
Dated this 15th day of March 1892.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.