IMPROVEMENTS IN WATERPROOF GARMENTS "
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Lesser Rothband, Goodman Mandleberg and
Samuel Mandleberg of the City of Manchester in the County of Lancaster
Waterproof Garment, Manufacturers for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
WATERPROOF GARMENTS
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Lesser Rothband,
Goodman Mandleberg, and Samuel Mandleberg at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents on the 17th August 1883.
HENRY LESSER ROTHBAND, GOODMAN MANDLEBERG, and SAMUEL MANDLEBERG,
of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Waterproof Garment
Manufacturers, "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATERPROOF GARMENTS,"
"
The object of our improvements is to ventilate, or so form overcoats, cloaks, and
similar india-rubber cloth waterproof garments that air can freely pass through the
garment to the ordinary clothing of wearer and freely escape, helping to carry with
it the perspiration from the body of the wearer, which perspiration accumulates
and condenses as moisture on the inside of ventilated waterproof garments.
Our improved india rubber cloth waterproof garments appear when worn to be
the same as ordinary waterproofs externally, and our improvements consist in
using for those parts of garment which it is desired to ventilate, cloth which
has not been made waterproof by the india rubber composition, or we remove from
those parts of the garment which are to be ventilated, the india rubber water
proofing composition, by any suitable solvent,-This leaves the cloth of the india
rubber waterproof cloth fabric in its natural state, that is, porous, and with the
interstices or spaces left between the warp and weft threads open to allow the air
to freely enter.
In the inside of the garment opposite these unwaterproofed spaces we attach
narrow plates of india rubber cloth waterproof or other suitable material which
plates pass horizontally and the upper plate overlaps the next lower plate and so
on, and the lower edge of the lowest plate is united by India Rubber cement to
the waterproof part of the cloth of the garment.

page_text: The air entering through the cloth of the open or porous part of the garment
passes between the overlapping waterproof plates towards the body of the wearer,
and to prevent the spaces between the overlapping waterproof plates from being
closed when the garment is drawn close to the body of the wearer, pieces of india
rubber or other suitablo material are secured on the overlapping plates to form and
keep channels or spaces open for the air to pass between them.
The entering air heated by contact with the body of the wearer and the hot
perspiration tend naturally to rise and the spaces or channels are arranged in the
garment so that the heated air and perspiration will ascend and be conducted to
escape at the highest part of the garment; for instance, when the ventilating
arrangements are applied to the back of the garment the heated air and
perspiration is arranged to escape at collar.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Henry Lesser Rothband, Goodman Mandleberg, and Samuel
Mandleberg in the Patent Office on the 15th February 1884.
HENRY LESSER ROTHBAND, GOODMAN MANDLEBERG and SAMUEL MANDLEBERG,
of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Waterproof Garment
Manufacturers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATERPROOF GARMENTS,"
The object of our improvements is to ventilate, or so form overcoats, cloaks, and
similar india rubber cloth waterproof garments that air can freely pass through
the garment to the ordinary clothing of wearer and freely escape helping to carry
with it the perspiration from the body of the wearer, which perspiration
accumulates and condenses as moisture on the inside of unventilated waterproof
garments.
Our improved india rubber cloth waterproof garments appear when worn to be
the same as ordinary waterproofs or the same as those ventilated in an ordinary
manner externally, and our improvements consist in using for those parts of the
garment which it is desired to ventilate cloth which has not been made waterproof
by the india rubber composition or we remove from those parts of the garment
which are to be ventilated, the india rubber water-proofing composition by any
suitable solvent.
This leaves the cloth of the india rubber waterproof cloth fabric in its natural
state, that is, porous, and with the interstices or spaces left between the warp and
weft threads open to allow the air to freely enter.
In the inside of the garment opposite these unwaterproofed spaces we attach
narrow plates of india rubber cloth waterproof or other suitable material which
plates pass horizontally and the upper plate overlaps the next lower plate and so
on, and the lower edge of the lowest plate is united by India Rubber cement to tho
waterproof part of the cloth of the garment.
The air entering through the cloth of the open or porous part of the garment passes
between the overlapping waterproof plates towards the body of the wearer, and
to prevent the spaces between the overlapping waterproof plates from being closed
when the garment is drawn close to the body of the wearer, pieces of india rubber,
cork or other suitable material are secured on the overlapping plates to form and
keep channels or spaces open for the air to pass between them. The entering air
heated by contact with the body of the wearer and the hot perspiration tend
naturally to rise, and the spaces or channels are arranged in the garment so that
the heated air and perspiration will ascend and be conducted to escape at the
highest part of the garment, for instance, when the ventilating arrangements are
applied to the back of the garment the heated air and perspiration is arranged to
escape at collar.
Fig 1 is an inside view of the back part of a waterproof coat, fig 2 is a vertical
section down the middle of the same, and figs 3 and 4 are respectively sections
from to 2 and 3 to 4 fig 1, these figures illustrating one modification of our
invention.
The garment is or may be formed of ordinary single cloth, waterproofed on one
side, or of double cloth with the water proofing between.
The entire back a of the garment is made of waterproofed fabric, with the
exception hereinafter explained.
A piece of waterproof cloth of the shape shown in fig 1 and marked b is cemented
at its edges, to the extent shown by the dotted line 6¹ to the inside of the back
part (a) of the garment, and the water proofing is removed from the back part (a)
of the garment within the limits shown by the dotted line c which thus leaves so
much of the back part of the garment porous to admit air to pass through.

page_text: The inside piece is made in three or more separate but connected pieces, and the
upper part be descends below the upper edge of the part bs, the lower part of which
descends below the upper part 6, the lower part of which is cemented to the back
part (a) of the garment, all the parts 62, 63 and b being united at their outer
margins where they are cemented to the back part (a).
The overlapping portions have pieces of cork or other suitable material inserted
and cemented or otherwise secured between them at intervals, as shown in dotted
lines in fig 1 and in full lines in figs 2 and 4, to keep spaces open for the passage of
air, as shown best by the arrows on fig 2.
There is also a piece à cemented or otherwise secured inside the back part of the
garment, to which pieces of cork or other suitable material are cemented or
otherwise secured at intervals as shown by dotted lines in fig 1, and in full lines
by figs 2 and 3, to form and keep open channels for the escape of heated air and
perspiration at or near the collar of the garment.
The upper part of the part b' where it comes under the part d, may he porous
or non-waterproof, or if made waterproof it is provided with a series of holes
through it to allow air to pass from between it and the outer waterproof back a to
the air channels formed under the part d.
We prefer to make the inside of the waterproof garment or a part of it which
will come nearest the body of the wearer of a woollen or flannel fabric which is
porous and open and acts to temporarily absorb and allow perspiration time to
escape without chilling the body of the wearer-The woollen or flannel fabric used
for such purpose is or may be waterproofed on the outer side.
Fig 5 is a view of the inside of the back part of a garment; fig 6 a vertical
section, and fig 7 a section from 5 to 6 fig 5, showing a--modification of our
invention as applied to an ordinary garment where the upper part a of waterproof
fabric is formed to overlap the lower part al of the water proofed body of the
garment so as to admit air between the two.
According to this modification of our invention the overlapping parts of the
outer waterproof fabrics of the garments are or may be kept open by pieces of
cork or other suitable material cemented or otherwise secured to the fabric as
indicated by dotted lines in fig 5 and shown in figs 6 and 7.
The inside of the upper part of the back of the garment is formed by an open
'or porous and non-waterproofed fabric, joined together in two or more pieces
overlapping each other, that is, the lower edge of the upper piece b³ overlaps
the upper edge of the picce 63 below it, and so on, and at each overlap pieces of
cork or other suitable material are secured at intervals to insure open spaces
between the clothes of the wearer and the inside of the waterproof garment for
the free passage of air to, and the escape of heated air and perspiration from
the body of the wearer.
In fig 6 the air is supposed to enter at the outside at e, and to pass through the
openings inside at e¹ and the porous lining b and through openings e² and escape at
or near the collar at e³ as shown by the arrows in fig 6.
In some cases the pieces of cork or other suitable material may be secured at
intervals alternately on opposite sides of the porous lining as illustrated by fig 8,
where are the pieces of cork and b is the lining or porous fabric.
Fig 9 illustrates another modification of our invention where the porous lining
fabric is in one connected piece b, with strips of cork (f) or other suitable material
secured to it, between it and the inside of the back part of the waterproof
garment a.
The outer air can pass in it at e the space between the upper and lower part of
the waterproof garment, and can pass through the porous fabric b to, and the
heated air and perspiration can escape through the said fabric from, the body of
the wearer finally passing out from the collar part at e³.
..Our improved arrangements have been shown and described in reference to that
part of waterproof garments covering the back of the wearer, but the mode of

page_text: .
applying our invention to other parts of garments where desired will be readily
understood from the explanations and illustrations already given.
We have now particularly described the nature of our said invention and the
modes of carrying the same into effect and claim as our invention.
1. The construction of waterproof garments in the manner and for the purpose
herein before described and illustrated by figs 1, 2, 3 and 4 of the drawings.
2. The ventilation of waterproof garments by removing or omitting part of the
waterproofing or by forming such parts of porous fabrics and covering such porous
parts with waterproofed material inside the garment arranged with passages to
admit air to and perspiration from the body of the wearer, substantially as
herein before described and illustrated by figs 1, 2, 3 and 4 of the drawings.
3. The combination with waterproof garments with a porous lining arranged
with air spaces in the manner and for the purpose herein before described and
illustrated by figs 5, 6 and 7 and figs 8 and 9 of the drawings.
4. In waterproof garments formed by an upper part a and lower part a¹
overlapping the combination of short strips of cork or other suitable material for
keeping spaces open for air, at the overlapping (e) between the two parts a and a',
as heroin before described and illustrated by figs 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 of the drawings
5 In waterproof garments arranged substantially as hereinbefore described and
illustrated by the drawings, the combination of a woollen or flannel lining to
come next to the clothes of woarer in the manner and for the purpose hereinbefore
described.
In Witness whereof we the said Henry Lesser Rothband, Goodman Mandleberg
and Samuel Mandleberg have hereunto set our hands and seals this eighth day of
February in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and eighty four.
HENRY LESSER ROTHBAND (L.S.)
GOODMAN MANTLERERA