IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edwin Jackson, of No. 137, Otley Road, Bradford, York-
shire, Staircase Builder, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS,"
Sealed the 4th July 1879, and dated the 23rd April 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edwin Jackson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd April 1879.
EDWIN JACKSON, of No. 137, Otley Road, Bradford, Yorkshire, Staircase Builder.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS."
My Invention relates to the "letting off motion" of looms, that is, the arrange-
ment by which the friction on the warp beam is gradually decreased as the warp is
unwound therefrom.
According to my Invention I mount on the warp beam a V grooved drum, in
the groove of which engages a pin, or stud, or wheel formed to fit the said groove,
and carried by a lever (which I term the brake lever) jointed to the frame of the
loom above the warp beam. The free end of the lever is connected by a rod to a
lever (which I term the tension lever) mounted below the warp beam, and carrying
an adjustable weight. By this arrangement the free rotation of the said warp
benin is prevented, the engagement of the pin, or stud, or wheel carried by the
brake lever with the groove of the drum on the warp beam causing friction, the
amount of which may be varied by moving the weight on the tension lever nearer
to or farther from its fulcrum. In order to adjust the said weight automatically I
set the tension lever at such an inclination that the weight shall have a tendency
to slide towards the fulcrum of the said lever, and I connect the said weight by a
cord or in any suitable manner to an adjustable pin carried by a lever, or a sliding
rod or bar (which I term the governor) mounted in any suitable part of the loom,
which governor or a rod or plate carried thereby bears against the yarn or warp
wound on the warp beam. As the warp is unwound from the beam by the action
of the taking in roller the governor or the rod or plate carried by it bearing against
the said warp is allowed to approach the warp beam, and the weight carried by
the tension lever being connected to the said governor is thus allowed to move
nearer to the fulcrum of the said tension lever, and thereby lessen the friction
between the stud of the brake lever and the grooved drum. The warp is thus

page_text: automatically subjected to an equal amount of tension during the whole time that
it is being unwound from the beam.
When it is required to remove the brake from the warp beam the rod connecting
the tension lever with the brake lever is disconnected therefrom, when the said
brake lever may be turned on its joint or stud, leaving the bean entirely free.
That part of my Invention which relates to the automatic adjustment of the
tension weights is applicable to the old rope arrangement of "letting off motions,"
and to other arrangements in which weighted levers are used for producing the
required tension.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Edwin Jackson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 23rd October
1879.
EDWIN JACKSON, of No. 137, Otley Road, Bradford, Yorkshire, Staircase Builder.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS."
My Invention relates to the "letting off motion" of looms, that is, the arrange-
ment by which the friction on the warp beam is produced, and is graduallydecreased
as the warp is unwound therefrom.
According to my Invention I mount on the warp beam a V grooved drum, in
the groove of which engages a pin, or stud, or wheel, or wedge formed to fit the said
groove, and carried by a lever (which I term the brake lever) jointed to the frame
of the loom above the warp beam. The free end of the lever is connected by a rod
or bar to a lever (which I term the tension lever) mounted below the warp beam,
and carrying an adjustable weight. By this arrangement the free rotation of the
said warp beam is prevented, the engagement of the pin, or stud, or wheel carried
by the brake lever with the groove of the drum on the warp beam causing friction,
the amount of which may be varied by moving the weight on the tonsion lever
nearer to or farther from its fulcrum. In order to adjust the said weight nuto-
matically I set the tension lever at such an inclination that the weight shall havo
a tendency to slide towards the fulcrum of the said lever, and I connect the said
weight by a cord or in any suitable manner to an adjustable pin carried by a
sliding rod or bar (which I term the governor) mounted in any suitable part of the
loom, which governor, or a rod or plate carried thereby, bears against the yarn or
warp wound on the warp beam. As the warp is unwound from the beam by the
action of the taking in roller the governor or the rod or plate carried by it bearing
against the said warp is allowed to approach the warp beam, and the weight carried
by the tension lever being connected to the said governor is thus allowed to move
nearer to the fulcrum of the said tension lever, and thereby lessen the friction
between the stud wheel or wedge of the brake lever and the grooved drum. The
warp is thus automatically subjected to an equal amount of tension during the
whole time that is it being unwound from the beam.

page_text: When it is required to remove the brake from the warp beam the rod connecting
the tension lever with the brake lover is disconnected therefrom, when the said
brake lever may be turned on its joint, leaving the beam entirely free.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention I will proceed to describe the
manner in which it is to be performed, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon. The same letters and
figures of reference indicate the same parts in the several Figures of the Drawings.
Figure 1 is a plan, Figure 2 is a back elevation, and Figure 3 is a vertical section
(taken on the line 1, Figure 2) of part of a loom to which my Invention is applied.
A is the frame of the loom; B is the warp beam; b is the warp, and b' is the
grooved drum mounted thereon; C is the brake lever, which works on a pin cl
affixed to the frame B; c² is the pin, stud, or wedge carried by the said lever, which
pin, stud, or wedge engages in the groove in the drum 6'; D is the bar jointed to
the end of the lever C; d¹ is a bracket secured by means of a screw bolt d³ to the
lower end of the bar D, in which a slot d³ is formed to admit of the adjustment of
the bracket d'; E is the tension lever jointed at e¹ to a bracket e² affixed to the
frame B, which lever rests in the bracket d'; F is the tension weight suspended
from a roller f', which rests on the tension lever E, and is capable of travelling
freely along the said lever; f' is the cord, which is attached at one end to the said
weight, and passes round the pulley e, which works on a pin carried by the
lever E, the other end of the said cord being attached to the governor, which con-
sists of a bar G carrying a rod g¹, and capable of sliding freely in a bracket gå
bolted to the cross bar a¹ of the loom, the rod g¹ of the governor bearing against
the warp b' on the warp beam B.
This arrangement is used and acts as follows:-When a full beam is placed in
the loom the governor G is slidden into the bracket g³ until the rod g¹ bears against
the warp a'. The cord f is then connected to the said governor, and to the
weight (which must be of sufficient size to give the required tension). When the
loom is in action the free rotation of the warp beam B is prevented by the engage-
ment of the pin, stud, or wedge c with the groove of the drum 62, the amount of
friction between the said stud and groove depending on the distance of the weight
F from the joint or fulcrum e¹ of the lever E. The position of the said weight is
automatically adjusted as the warp is unwound from off the beam, the motion of
the said weight being governed by the bearing of the rod g' against the warp.
will thus be seen that the reduction of friction on the warp beam is governed auto-
matically by the amount of warp unwound therefrom, and the whole of the warp
is thereby subjected to an equal amount of tension.
It
Instead of the sliding governor described and illustrated in the Figures of the
Drawing herein before referred to, a lever jointed at the lower end to the frame of
the loom, and bearing at its upper end against the yarn, and connected at an inter-
medinte point to the cord attached to the weight may be used, or a rod sliding
vertically, and provided at its upper end with a roller bearing against the warp
may be used to govern the motion of the tension weight. This latter arrangement
is illustrated in Figures 4, 5, and 6 of the accompanying Drawings, Figure 4 being
a back elevation of a portion of a loom, and Figures 5 and 6 vertical sections taken
on the lines 2 and 3 respectively.
In this arrangement the cord f is attached to a drum or barrel H, to which a
pinion h' is affixed. The said drum and pinion being mounted on a pin i affixed
to a bracket I, bolted to the cross bar al of the loom. J is a rack, the teeth of
which engage with the pinion h', which rack carries at its upper end a roller j', and
is counterbalanced by the weight attached by a cord to a pin j' on the rack J,
the said cord passing over a pulley 3 mounted on a pin affixed to the bracket I.
The rack J is guided in its motion by the engagement of studs or projections 76, 76,
with a slot is formed in the a bracket I. In order to avoid confusion, the parts
A, D, E, and F are not shown in the section Figure 3. This arrangement acts as
follows: As the warp is drawn off the beam the rack J rises, and by the engage-

page_text: ment of its teeth with the pinion h³ causes the barrel H to turn and allow the
weight F to travel along the lever.
Instead of forming a groove in the wheel mounted on the yarn beam, and causing
a pin, stud, or wedge carried by the brake lever to engage therewith, the arrange-
ment may be reversed, ie., a groove may be formed in the lever, with which the
periphery of the wheel may engage, the said wheel being in this case made without
a groove and of a suitable form.
Having now described the nature of my Invention of "Improvements in Looms,"
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood
that I do not limit myself to the precise details hereinbefore described, as they may
be varied without departing from the nature of my said Invention.
But I claim as my said Invention,-
Firstly. The arrangement hereinbefore described and illustrated in the accom-
panying Drawings for producing friction on the yarn beam of a loom, that is to
say, mounting on or affixing to the said beam a grooved drum or wheel a, and
arranging in connection therewith a weighted lever, carrying a stud, or pin, or wheel
which engages with the said groove, essentially as herein before described and illus-
trated in the accompanying Drawings.
Secondly. The modification herein before described of the arrangement referred to
in the preceding claim, that is to say, forming the groove in the lever, and so
forming the drum or wheel mounted on the beam that the periphery of the said
drum or wheel may engage with the said groove.
Thirdly. So arranging the letting off motion of looms that the friction on the
warp beam may be decreased according to the amount of warp unwound from the
Baid beam, the motion of the weights by which the friction is produced being
governed by a rod, plate, roller, or other equivalent, bearing against the coils of
yarn on the said beam, essentially as herein before described and illustrated in the
accompanying Drawings.
Fourthly. The general combination and arrangement of parts herein before
described and illustrated in Figures 1, 2, and 3 of the accompanying Drawings, for
producing friction on the warp beam of a loom and regulating the friction thereon,
that is to say, affixing to the said beam a grooved drum or its equivalent, in the
groove of which drum engages a pin, or stud, or wheel carried by a lever jointed to
the frame of the loom, the said lever being connected to another lever carrying a
weight, which is connected by a cord to a sliding bar carrying a rod or plate, which
bears against the coils of warp on the warp beam, and which, by approaching the
said beam as the warp is unwound therefrom allows the weight to slide on its lever
towards its fulcrum, essentially as herein before described and illustrated.
Fifthly. The modification of the arrangement referred to in the preceding claim,
that is to say, connecting the tension weight to a cord wound on a barrel, which is
caused to revolve by the engagement with a pinion thereon of a sliding rack, which
carries a roller, which bears against the coils of warp on the warp beam, essentially
as hereinbefore described and illustrated in Figures 4, 5, and 6 of the accompanying
Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edwin Jackson, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty second day of October, in the year of our Lord One