CERTAIN IMPROVED MACHINERY TO BE USED IN MANUFACTURING BAR OR WROUGHT IRON INTO SHOES FOR HORSES, AND ALSO INTO SHAPES FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1835

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
JEVONS, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Merchant, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth,
did, under His Royal Letters Patent, bearing date at Westminster, the Eighth
day of October, in the sixth year of His reign, give and grant unto me, the
said Thomas Jevons, my executors, administrators, and assigns, the exclusive
right, full power, sole privilego and authority, that I, the said Thomas Jevons,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, and none others but those whom I
should agree with, from time to time should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within England and Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-
Tweed, and also in all His Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, an
Invention, communicated to me by a certain foreigner residing abroad, of
"CERTAIN IMPROVED MACHINERY TO BE USED IN MANUFACTURING BAR OR WROUGHT
IRON INTO SHOES FOR HORSES, AND ALSO INTO SHAPES FOR OTHER PURPOSES;" in
which said Letters Patent there is contained a proviso, obliging. me, the said
Thomas Jevons, by an instrument in writing under my, hand and seal, to
describo and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, and to cause the same to be inrolled in His
Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and

page_text: immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in
and by the same, reference being thereto had, will more fully and at large
appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Thomas Jevons, do hereby declare, that the said Invention is fully and without
reserve made known and described in and by the following Specification
thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereto annexed, that is to
say:
My Invention of certain improved machinery to be used in manufacturing
bar or wrought iron into shoes for horses, and also into. shapes for other
purposes, consists in the construction and employment of three distinct
machines for effecting in consecutive succession the several parts of the
operations of cutting, stamping, and forming the shoe from a bar of red-
hot iron.
The first machine receives the bar of heated iron, which has been previously
rolled to the desired width and thickness, and after cutting off the proper
length to constitute one shoe spreads the middle of the piece between a pair
of rolling segmental swages, and then lets it fall upon an inclined plain which
conducts it towards the second machine. The workman then takes up tho
prepared piece of iron, still red hot and of a straight form, and by a pair of
tongs introduces it into the second machine, where, by the action of a pair of
rolling segment dies, the grooves and also the recesses for the nail holes are
indented in the face of the straight piece. From this machine the prepared
and indented piece of iron, still in a straight form, is conducted in a similar
manner to the third machine, and is then by the workman attending intro-
duced between a pair of excentric cam rollers which bends the piece, still in
a red-hot state, into the curved form of a horse-shoe or other desired shape.
In the accompanying Drawings, Figure 1 represents a side elevation of the
first-mentioned machine; Figure 2 is a horizontal view of the same, some of
the upper parts of the machine being removed to shew the other operating
parts more clearly; Figure 3 is a sectional elevation, taken longitudinally
through about the middle of the machine; and Figure 4 is a sectional éleva-
tion, taken transversely at right angles to the former through the machine
in front of the swaging segments. The several letters of reference indicate
the same parts of the machine in these four Figures. a, a, a, a, is a rectangular
frame standing horizontally upon legs and supporting the working parts of the
machinery; b; b, are two side standards fixed to the frame, in which two tumbler
frames c, c, vibrate upon centers. These tumbler frames move simultaneously,
'

page_text: carrying a pair of segment cams d, d, which I call the swaging rollers, as
between the peripheries of these cams the heated iron is passed in order to be
compressed. A sliding carriage e, e, e, is supported upon horizontal ledges f, f,
fixed to the inner sides of the frame a, which carriage is moved to and.
fro by a crank rod g, connected to the main driving shaft h. Upon the.
horizontal,sliding carriage e a pair of cheeks j, j, are mounted in jaws i and k,
the one i is firmly fixed to the carriage, the other is moveable as a lever
upon a pivot at 1 set into the carriage. In the moving jaw k one of a pair of
cutters m, m, is fixed, the other corresponding cutter m is mounted in a lever n,,
turning upon a fulcrum pin at o; and when the heated rod of iron has been.
introduced into the machine at a, a, the closing of these cutters.m, m, sever
that portion of the length of the bar of iron which will be required to form
one horse-shoe, at the same time the jaw closing, the piece of iron becomes
confined laterally between the cheeks j, j, and the segment cains d; d, rolling.
conduct the piece through, compressing and expanding its parts to the breadth
and thickness of the required shoe, which constitutes the first part of the
operation of making the shoe. On the upper surface of the sliding carriage e
a horizontal rack p, p, is formed, which takes into a tooth sector q, affixed
to the upper tumbling frame c. This upper toothed sector 7 is made suffi-.
ciently wide to take into not only the rack p but also into another.. toothed
sector r affixed to the lower tumbling shaft; hence it will be perceived
that by the reciprocating sliding movements of the carriage e, worked to and
fro by the crank rod g, the rack p will, through the agency of the tooth
sectors and.r, cause the tumbling frames with the segment cams d, d, to
perform oscillating movements. The general construction of the machine being
now understood, I proceed to explain its details and the manner in which it
effects the desired object of cutting off the portion of iron from, the rod, and
compressing and expanding it. The required driving power being applied to
the crank shaft h, the carriage c, c, will be slidden to and fro upon its ledges
by the crank rod g, and the segment cams d, d, will be made to reciprocato
by the rack and toothed sectors. The parts being situate as shewn in-
Figure, 3, the heated bar of iron is now to be introduced into the inachine, as
represented at A, guided by a rest s affixed to the front of the frame. The bar.
being pushed onward until its end comes against a stop piece t, the carriage e, e,
in advancing causes the back of the jawk (see Figure 2) to be acted upon by
the end of the wedge lever. v, the reverse end of which lever is brought in
contact with a stop u as the carriage proceeds, and, the lever being thereby,
moved into a position at right angles to the back of the jaw is made to push it
q

page_text: forward by its wedge-like action are the cheeks j, j. are thereby closed and
made to confine the bar of iron between them. By the same forward move-
ment of the carriage an inclined plane at the back of the lever n is brought
against an inclined stud
พ,
I which forces the lever n forward and with it the
cutter m. By these means the two cutters m,, m, are brought together, as
sliewn by dots in Figure 2, and the bar of iron A being between them is
severed, leaving the piece of iron which is to form one horse-shoe between the
cheeks j, j. The further rotary movement of the crank shaft now slides the
carriage e backward, and in so doing causes the rack p to give the rolling
action of the tumbling frames c, c, and to the segment cams d, d, which in
rolling compress and expand the parts of the piece of iron to the required
shape, as shewn in different views at Figure 5. It must be here observed,
that in order to give the proper figure to the piece of iron one of the cheeks j
must be slightly curved, and also that the swaging cams d, d, must be made
in a slight degree excentric and bevelled, so as to render the piece thinner in
the middle and on the edge intended to form the inner part of the shoe, and
leaving the heel parts thick. Of course these may be varied to suit taste or
circumstances, and for the purpose of producing other forms. At the
commencement of the retrograde movement of the carriage c, a pin y set
in the upper surface of the lever n works against the side of a bar;
and when this pin y comes against the enclined plain 1 on the side of the
bar the lever n with the cutter m is forced back and brought into the
situation shewn in Figure 2, which opening of the cutters makes way for
the rolling swages. The further retrograde movement of the carriage e causes
the tail of the wedge lever v to coine in contact with the stop 2 fixed on the
side frame, which throws the lever into the oblique position and allows the
jaw k to open. On the carriage e proceeding a little further in its retrograde
movement the tail of the lever a comes in contact with another stop 3 fixed on
the opposite side of the frame, which stop brings the lever into a position at
right angles to the carriage and causes it to force back the moving jaw k,
which releases the piece of iron from between the cheeks j, j, and allows it to
fall through on to an inclined plain placed beneath the machine, by means of
which the piece is conveniently conducted toward the workman, who instantly
places it in the second machine, where it is to be stamped, that is, the grooves
and nail holes formed.
The construction of the second machine is the same in most of its
operating parts as that already described; the piece of iron is put into the
machine in the same situation as the red-hot bar was first introduced, and

page_text: the piece is passed between segment rollers in the same manner; but in
this machine the segment rollers are dies, by means of which the grooves
and recesses for the nail holes are formed. Figure 6 is a horizontal view
of the second machine, partly in section, as Figure 2, the upper tumbling
frame c, the tooth sector 7, and upper segment die being removed to shew
the other working parts more clearly. A narrow bar 4 extends horizontally
about half way between the cheeks j, j, in the jaws i, k. This bar is fixed to
the front of the frame a, and upon it between the cheeks the piece of hot iron
prepared in the former machine is to be placed. In order to bring this piece
of iron into a situation for the rolling dies to act properly upon it a projector 5
is made to slide horizontally on the upper surface of the bar 4. This projector
is attached to one end of a double-armed lever b, b, turning horizontally upon a
fulcrum pin fixed in the front part of the frame a. Now, as the carriage e, e,
advances, one end of a right-angled lever 7, 7, mounted in a bracket arm 8
extending from the carriage comes in contact with the outer end of the
double-armed lever b, which causes the projector 5 to push the piece of iron
into the proper situation between the cheeks, and when the projector has
moved sufficiently far it is withdrawn by the force of a spring 9 acting upon
the double-armed lever 6, the right-angled lever 7 having been withdrawn
from the end of the lever 6 by an adjustable stop 10 fixed at the side of the
frame. The receding of the carriages c, e, now causes the rolling. dies to act
upon the piece of heated iron as it passes between them, but in this instance
its figure is not altered, the upper rolling die simply impressing the surface of
the piece of iron and forming the grooves and recesses for the nail holes, as
shewn in Figure 7, which represents the piece in the second stage of the
operation of making a horse-shoe. The further receding of the carriage e, e,
brings the levers against the stops, as described in reference to Figure 2,
by which the jaw k is opened and the piece' of iron let fall onto an inclined
plain ready to be taken and introduced into the third machine. Figure 8
shews the pair of rolling dies mounted in the tumbling frames as they
would appear on the reverse side to Figure 3. The edges of the dies
are bevelled to form the grooves in the horse-shoe, and these are made
with projecting studs or points which produce the impressions for the
nail holes; it is scarcely necessary to say, that these dies are adjustable
by screws shewn in the last-described Figure.
The machine for effecting the third part of the operation, that is, bending
the piece of iron into the form of a horse-shoe, is shewn in side elevation
at Figure 9, in horizontal view at Figure 10, and in front elevation at

page_text: Figure 11. a,..a, a, is the framework, in which are mounted two spindles
or vertical shafts 6 and c. Upon the end of a horizontal shaft d, a pulley.e
is fixed, round which a driving strap is to be passed communicating with
the steam engine or other first mover. A horizontal sliding bar fis, mounted
in grooved brackets at the back of the frame, on the face of, which bar a
rack or row of teeth g, g, is formed. Upon the vertical shaft b. a toothed
wheel h is mounted, which takes into the rack g of the sliding bar.. At the
back of the framework a crank rod i, i, is connected at one end to the
sliding rack bar by a joint k, and at the other end to a crank on the
back end of the driving shaft. Figure 12 is a horizontal section, of the
vertical. shafts b and c, with the excentric gear m and n affixed to the
lower parts of those shafts. At the bottom of the shaft b the block o for
forming the shoe is affixed, and at the bottom of the other shaft c the cam or
follower p is attached, and also the plate q intended to operate as a guider in
the act of bending the piece of iron round the block. Figure 13 is a hori-
zontal view of the lower ends of the spindles b and c, with the block o, and
following cam p, their reverse or under sides being represented upwards. The
piece of iron prepared as above described is to be introduced into this machine.
in front, as shewn at A, in Figures 12 and 13. A small nipper lever turns
upon a pin set in the bent arm s, extending from the back of, the block, which
nipper lever, on the opening of the cams, (that is, the block and follower,) to.
receive the piece of iron to be bent, is brought into the position shewn in
Figures 12 and 13, taking hold of the end of the piece of iron and keeping it
firmly against the block. Rotary motion being now given to the spindle b by.
the sliding rack bar f, actuated by the crank l, as described above, the excen-
tric gear m and n of the two. spindles b and c, with the block o and follower p,
will revolve together and cause the piece of iron A to be bent round to the
shape of the block o, which finishes the operation of forming the horse-shoe,
Fig. 14.
On the nipper lever coming round it will strike against the end.
of a curved horn t attached to the block of the follower, which will throw open
the nipper lever and allow the shoe to fall down from the machine..
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Jevons, have hereunto, set my
hand and seal, this Sixth day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and thirty-six..
THOS (L.S.) JEVONS.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Sixth day of April, in the
sixth year of the reign of His Majesty King William the Fourth, the said
Thomas Jevons came before our said Lord the King in His Chancery, and
acknowledged the instrument aforesaid, and all and every thing therein
contained and specified, in form above written. And also the instrument
aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of the Statute made in the fifty-
fifth year of the reign of His late Majesty King George the Third.
Inrolled the Eighth day of April, One thousand eight hundred and
thirty-six.