IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR FORGING OR MANUFACTURING UNTAPPED NUTS INTENDED FOR SCREW BOLTS
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Whittaker, of the City of Manchester, in
the County of Lancaster, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR FORGING OR MANUFACTURING UNTAPPED NUTS INTENDED FOR
SCREW BOLTS."
Scaled the 19th May 1871, and dated the 25th November 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Whittaker at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 25th November 1870.
I, JOHN WHITTAKER, of the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "In-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR FORGING OR MANUFACTURING UNTAPPED NUTS
INTENDED FOR SCREW BOLTS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates more especially to square nuts, and consists in
improved mechanical contrivances and combinations worked by self-
acting means for manufacturing the nuts with great efficiency and
economy.

page_text: On standards or framework there is a strong table having an opening
for the heated bar to be passed to a cutter which cuts both ways, the
cutter bar being worked up and down by levers actuated by cams on
the cam shaft or drum. In front of the cutter there is an arm or lever
having at one end right-angled notches of the size of the intended nut,
and this arm is moved to and fro by cams on the cam shaft, and acts as
a double hammer and carrier. At each side or end of the table thero
are guides for three hammers having right-angled notches, the angles
being at 45° with the longitudinal lines of the hammers, and both sets
of hammers are worked one way by levers acted upon by cams on the
cam shaft, and the other way by springs, or both ways by cams. Above
each set of hammers there are slides for holding a punch, and crowner,
and flattener, and these slides are worked by levers operated upon by
cams on the cam shaft.
When the machine is in operation the heated bar of metal is passed
through the space forming the double cutter and stopped at the required
distance by one of the notches of the double hammer, and after the
cutter has formed the blank the double hammer acts as a carrier and
takes the blank opposite a hammer which comes forward to press or
squeze the sides of the blank against the notch at one side of the double
hammer, after which these hammers are removed by the springs or cams
and two other hammers press or squeeze the sides of the blank so that
there shall be no burr. The hole is punched either at the first squecze
or the second, but in either case the hammers after the hole is punched
movo the blank to the crowner and flattener, and then the nut is removed
by a succeeding movement of the double hammer or by a spring lever.
These operations take place at each side of the table by the double
hammer and carrier taking the blanks to the two sets of hammers,
punches, and crowners alternately, and the nuts are made with great
speed without turning the bar; but, when desired, one set of hammers
and parts may be used to form a single-acting machine instead of a
double one.
In another, arrangement I make the cutter bar work on a fulcrum,
and place two hammers on a circular plate or disc which revolves to
and fro in suitable guides, there being at each side of the disc a set of
three hammers, and all the hammers have right-angled ends, and are
worked one way by cams on the cam shaft and the other way by springs.
The two hammers on the disc are at right angles with each other, and

page_text: the disc is turned to and fro in an arc of 90°, so as to make cach
hammer, one after the other, correspond with the sets of hammers at
the sides of the disc, and the two hammers on the disc are worked by a
ram having two tapers, the movements being operated one way by levers
acted upon by cams on the cam shaft, and the other way by springs or
by cams only. When the blank is cut from the heated bar it is held
by one of the hammers on the disc and its corresponding guides, and the
disc turned to a set of hammers at one side, and then all hammers on
that side have forward motion given to them to squeeze the sides of
the blank, and then the hole is punched, the blank crowned, flat-
tened, and afterwards removed by operations similar to those before
described.
:
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Whittaker in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 25th May 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
WHITTAKER, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of November, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-
fourth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said John Whittaker, Her special licence that I,
the said John Whittaker, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said John Whittaker, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein. expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR
FORGING OR MANUFACTURING UNTAPPED NUTS INTENDED FOR SCREW BOLTS,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said John Whittaker,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my,
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
•

page_text: and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Whittaker, do hereby declare ŏ
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement (that is to say) :-
This Invention relates more especially to square nuts, and consists in
improved mechanical contrivances and combinations worked by self- 1
acting means for manufacturing the nuts with great efficiency and
economy.
The manner in which this Invention is to be performed will be clearly
understood by the following particular description thereof, reference
being had to the figures and letters on the accompanying two Sheets of 1
*Drawings, in which Fig. 1, Sheet 1, is a front elevation, and Fig. 2 a
plan, of one arrangement of my improved machinery for forging or
manufacturing untapped nuts; Fig. 3, a transverse section of Fig. 1,
at the line A, B; Fig. 4, a plan with the upper parts removed; Fig. 5,
a transverse section of Fig. 1 at the line C, D; and Fig. 6, a plan of 2
some of the parts drawn full size.
Fig. 7, Sheet 2, is a front elevation, and Fig. 8 a plan with some of
the parts removed of another arrangement of my improvod machinery.
Figs. 9, 10, and 11 are transverse sections of Fig. 1; and Fig. 12 is a
front view of a modification of some of the parts.
2
In the first arrangement shewn in Sheet 1, I fix on framework or
standards a, Figs. 1, 3, and 5, a strong table b, Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5,
having at the front an opening c for the heated bar to be passed to a
cutter d which cuts both ways, there being at the back stationary steel
plates e to enable the cutter to act as shears. The cutter d is formed as a
a rectangular hole surrounded with tempered pieces of steel fitted into a
cutter bar f, fitting guides a fixed to the table, and this bar is moved
up and down by levers actuated by a cam k on the drum / fixed to
the driving shaft m carrying the driving pulley n. In front of the cutter
there is a vibrating arm or lever o, Figs. 4, 5, and 6, working on a a
stud p fixed to the table, and having at one end right-angled notches q
P
g

page_text: of the size of the intended nut, and this arm is moved to and fro hori-
zontally by the alternate sliding motions of the slides & worked one way
by cams s, and the other way by the return movement of the arm, and.
this arm acts as a double hammer and carrier. At cach side or end of
the table there are guides for three slides t, u, v, to which are'fixed
three hammers to, x, y, having right-angled notches; the angles being at
45° with the longitudinal lines of the hammers, the two hammers x, y, at
each side being worked one way by levers a', 6', acted upon by cams c¹
on the drum 7, and the other way by springs, and the other hammer w
at each side is acted upon directly by a cam for moving it one way, and
'tho reverse way by a spring, but when desired all the hammers may bo
worked both ways by cams without the intervention of springs. Above
cach set of hammers there are guides in which are fitted a slide d'
carrying a punch e³, and at the back of the slide d' there is a slide f¹
having at the bottom a crowner and flattener, the slides being worked
one way by the lovers 9', ³, and cams k, l, and the other way by the
'springs m², n'.
. When the machino is in operation the heated bar of metal is passed
through the space d forming the double cutter, and stopped at the
required distance by one of the notches of the double hammer o, Figs. 5
and 6, and after the cutter in its upward or downward movement has
formed the blank the double-hammer turns horizontally in one direction
and carries the blank opposite one of the hammers x, which then comes
forward by the action of its corresponding lever and cam, and presses or
squeezes the sides of the blank against the notch which carries it, as
seen at the left-handed notch, Figs. 5 and 6, the blank having been cut
off when the double hammer was at the position shewn by the dotted
lines, Fig. 4; and after the hole is punched the double hammer o
returns to its reverse position, taking with it a cut blank, and the
hammer is pulled back by its corresponding spring or cam; after
which the two hammers wo, y, are caused by their cams and levers to move
forwards and press or squeeze the other sides of the blank, so that tho
sides shall be square and even without any burr, and these operations
take place alternately at each side of the machine in the same manner.
The hole may be punched either at the first or second squeeze, but in
this machine it is punched at the first, the slide and punch moving
downwards by the action of the lever and cam as soon as the blank is

page_text: And, sixthly. The vibrating cutter r', Figs. 7 and 9,- Sheet 2, and also
the vibrating cutter n³, Fig. 12, as all such improvements are herein-
described and illustrated in the accompanying two Sheets of Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Whittaker, have hercunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of May, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
one.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the
within-named John Whittaker,
in the presence of
G. SEPTIMUS Hugues,
Patent Agent,
Manchester.
JOHN WHITTAKER. (L.S.)