Year: 1885

page_text: шасціпегу.
We, JOHN GWYNNE, of the firm of John and Henry Gwynne, of the Hammer-
smith Iron Works, Hammersmith in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, and
DAVID HOME MORTON, of Clare Lodge, Upper Mall, Hammersmith, aforesaid,
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
The object of this invention is to increase the efficiency of centrifugal pumps
and the engines employed in driving the same, and to obviate the noise, and the
disadvantage, under some circumstances, of exhausting the spent steam from the
engines directly into the atmosphere.
According to this invention the exhaust steam from a centrifugal pumping
engine (or engine or engines whereby a centrifugal pump or pumps is or are
driven) is discharged through suitable connections into the suction pipe or passage
of one or more of the said centrifugal pumps and condensed by the water therein.
A partial vacuum is thus produced at that end of the working cylinder or cylinders
in communication for the time being with the exhaust outlet, and thus the efficiency
of the engine or engines is increased, without the disadvantages arising from the
use of an air pump as in ordinary condensing engines, and without impairing the
flow of the water in the suction pipe or passage of the pump. Further, by so
discharging the exhaust steam into the suction pipe, that it acts more or less in the
manner of an ordinary injector, the lifting effort exerted upon the column of water
within the suction pipe is augmented.
Referring to the accompanying sheet of illustrative drawings Fig. 1 shows in
elevation the general arrangement of a centrifugal pumping engine embodying our
invention. Fig. 2 is an elevation of a portion of a centrifugal pump case and its
attached suction pipe with one form of injector shewn in section, for discharging
the exhaust steam into the said suction pipe. Figs. 3, 4 and 5 show in vertical
section modified forms of exhaust steam injectors hereinafter described. Figs. G
and 7 are modified arrangements of centrifugal pumping machinery bereinafter
eferred to. Figs. 1, 6, and 7 are drawn to a smaller scale than the remaining
igures.

page_text: Referring to Fig. 1, a is a centrifugal pumping engine; ba centrifugal pump
driven thereby; c the pump suction pipe; d an exhaust outlet from the engine in
open communication with the atmosphere; e an exhaust pipe or passage for leading
the exhaust steam from the engine a to the injector f which discharges it into the
suction pipe.
This injector, as shown in fig. 2, is inserted into the length of suction pipe and
comprises a lower casting or part 7 carrying a conical nozzle piece h and an upper
casting or part i so formed at the part adjacent to the nozzle piece as to leave an
annular space between the two for the discharge of exhaust steam. The internal
diameters of the upper and lower castings or parts i. g respectively and of the
nozzle piece / correspond to that of the suction pipe; the diameter of the column
of water consequently, is not altered when passing through the injector. The
nozzle piece and the adjacent surface of the upper casting or part i are preferably
formed of non-corrodible metal.
In the modification shown in Fig. 3 the internal diameter of the nozzle piece h
is contracted to less than that of the suction pipe, whilst the diameter of the
upper casting or part i is smallest near its central portion and gradually increases
towards its ends as shown. By this arrangement the diameter of the column
of water is reduced in passing through the injector and the mutual action
between it and the exhaust steam closely attains to that taking place in an
ordinary injector.
In the modification shown in Fig. 4 the exhaust steam, instead of being dis-
charged around the exterior of the column of water in the suction pipe, as is the
case with the arrangements shown in Figs. 2 and 3, is discharged at or about
the centre thereof from a nozzle piece h, arranged to project inward from one
side of the injector case, which in this modification is in one piece. The diameter
of the injector case is enlarged as shown, with a view to compensate for the
contraction of its area due to the projection of the nozzle piece therein.
In the further modification shown in Fig. 5 the nozzle piece h is arranged
centrally within the injector case so as to discharge exhaust steam centrally within
the column of water as in the modification last herein before described. The nozzle
piece however, in the modification now being described has formed in one therewith
four pipes or passages h¹ through which the exhaust steam escapes from an annular
passage in the lower casting or part g of the injector case.
The pipes or passages are somewhat of an oval or elliptical form in order that
they may interfere as little as possible with the column of water passing through
the suction pipe, whilst the injector case is bulged or enlarged as shown, to com-
pensate for the reduction of its cross sectional area due to the presence of such
pipes or passages. j is a second nozzle pièce carried by the upper casting or part i
of the injector case and designed to further increase the mutual action between the
column of water and exhaust steam.
The operation is as follows:-When the pumping engine a is started, the spent
steam is allowed to exhaust into the atmosphere through the pipe d until the
centrifugal pump b is fairly at work. The exhaust steam is then caused to pass
through the pipe e, the pipe d being simultaneously closed, by suddenly operating
a suital le valve or cock controlling the inlets to the said pipes. The exhaust steam
then enters the suction pipe through the injector nozzle h and becomes condensed
whereby a partial vacuum is produced within that end of the cylinder or cylinders
in communication for the time being with the exhaust pipe or passage e.
extent of the vacuum depends upon the height of the column of water within the
suction pipe below the injector nozzle. The effect of the exhaust steam escaping
from the nozzle piece h upon the column of water is to suck or lift the same t
some extent and thereby increase the efficiency of the pump.
The
In the arrangement of centrifugal pumping machinery shown in Fig. 6, th
centrifugal pump b is driven by a belt from a detached portable engine. In th
arrangement shown in Fig. 7 the centrifugal pump is similarly driven from a fixe

page_text: horizontal engine. The exhaust steam in each case passes by a pipe e to an
injector f situate in the length of suction pipe c as before.
By discharging the exhaust steam into the suction pipe of the pump as herain-
before described, the noise produced when steam is exhausted directly into the
atmosphere, which in the case of high speed centrifugal pumps becomes very
excessive, is entirely prevented. Also the disadvantage of exhausting the spent
steam into the atmosphere, which, when centrifugal pumping engines are employed
in mines and other underground workings necessitates the use of condensers for
condensing the exhaust steam, is entirely obviated.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is
In centrifugal pumping machinery
1. The combination with a centrifugal pump of a nozzle or injector in connection
with the exhaust steam pipe or passage of the engine (or engines) used to drive
such pump the arrangement being such that exhaust steam from the engine (or
engines) is discharged into the suction pipe of the centrifugal pump substantially
as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
2. The use for discharging exhaust steam from an engine driving a centrifugal
pump into the suction pipe of said pump of the improved injector substantially as
herein before described with reference to and shown in Fig. 2; in Fig. 3; in Fig. 4;
and in Fig. 5 respectively, of the drawings.
3. The combined centrifugal pumping apparatus constructed arranged and
operating substantially as described, with reference to Fig. 1 of the drawings.
Dated this yea 1
D. H. MORTON.
W. Lloyd Wise,
46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C.,
Applicants' Agent.