Improvements in Organs.
Year: 1892

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Organs.
I, RICHARD WALTER JACKSON, a citizen of the United States of America,
residing at Chester, County of Randolph and State of Illinois, Organ Builder,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
My invention relates more particularly to octave couplers.
One of the objects of my invention is to decrease the cost and size of pipe
organs. In my arrangement I am enabled to use nearly one-half the number of
pipes to produce the same number of tones and notes as produced in organs as now
known, and am thus enabled to make an organ of nearly half the size of organs
generally, while at the same time the number of notes and tones are preserved. By
certain arrangement of the pipes I am enabled to still diminish the space required
for the pipes, and thus effect still further saving of space, and my organ therefore
is even less than half the size of an ordinary organ.
Another object of the invention is to make the key resistance as light as possible.
In pipe organs heretofore constructed wherein octave couplers are employed, a
mechanical device is used to couple the key of one octave to the key of another,
and thus the key resistance of the octave key operated by the key struck by the
performer, is added to the resistance of the key so struck by the performer, and
hence the key resistance is materially increased and becomes so great as to require
considerable force to operate the keys. The resistance of the keys when the
octave coupler is brought into use is therefore different from, and greater than, the
resistance when the octave coupler is not used. In my invention the key
resistance remains the same when the octave coupler is employed as when it is not,
there being no increase of key resistance, and I also aim to make the key
resistance as light as possible, so that an organ can be operated by a touch as light
as that required for the piano. My coupler is not a mechanical coupler in the
true sense of the word, but is an arrangement whereby the octaves of a key may
be caused to sound without operating the key of that octave of either stop, or it
can be worked separately or together as desired.
The invention has certain other objects which will be hereinafter set forth.
To carry out the objects of my invention I preferably arrange the pipes of the
same notes and their octaves in a group, thus, for instance, all the Cs are preferably
arranged together, all the Cis together, and so on, that is to say, the different
octaves of of harmonique flute, stopped diapason, principal and open diapason
are grouped preferably together.
Certain stops on the organ are substantially the same in timbre, but vary only
in the pitch of the tone, thus, for instance, harmonique flute and stopped diapason
are essentially the same in tone or timbre, but differ only in pitch, harmonique flute
being an octave higher than stopped diapason, and vice versa, stopped diapason
being an octave lower than harmonique flute; and principal being an octave higher
than open diapason, and vice versa, open diapason being an octave lower than
principal, but in tone and timbre being the same.
In carrying out my invention I arrange to have one set of pipes common to
harmonique flute and stopped diapason for instance, and another set of pipes
common to principal and open diapason, that is to say, harmonique flute and stopped
diapason speak upon the same set of pipes, and open diapason and principal speak
upon the same set of pipes, and each of these different stops has its requisite tone
and timbre, and each note thereof its correct pitch. use harmonique flute,

page_text: stopped diapason, principal and open diapason herein merely to illustrate my
invention, which, however, is independent of any special set or number of stops.
The invention will be best understood by referring to the accompanying drawings
illustrating one form of my invention.
In said drawings
Fig. 2 is a horizontal section of the swell of the organ.
Fig. 3 is a rear elevation.
Fig. 4 is a plan showing the organ with the parts removed to show the slides, and
illustrating the key-board, stops and connections with the slides, and the bellows at
the rear of the organ.
Fig. 5 is a plan view with the parts removed to illustrate the air storage-
reservoir.
Figs. 6 and 7 are detail views showing part of the connections for operating the
slides through the instrumentality of the stops.
Fig. 8 is an elevation showing the arrangement of the organ pipes as seen from
viewing the organ from the front, the casing of the organ being removed.
Fig. 9 is a transverse vertical section of the feeder of the bellows.
Fig. 10 is a front elevation illustrating the key-board and the key connections..
Figs. 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15 are detail views of the key connections.
Fig. 16 is a sectional side elevation on the line 16-16 of Fig. 18, showing the
connections between a key and one of the valves, and illustrating the wind-chest,
and the grooves and passages between the wind-chest and the pipes.
Fig. 17 is a sectional view on the line 17-17 of Fig. 16.
Fig. 18 is a plan view showing part of the organ pipes.
Fig. 19 is a sectional plan on the line 19-19 of Fig. 16, taken below the level
of the pipes.
Figs. 20 and 21 are detail views illustrating the partitioned valve seats.
Fig. 22 is a modification of part of the apparatus shown in Fig. 16.
Figs. 23 and 24 are sectional detail views on the lines 23 and 24 respectively of
Fig. 22, showing a modification of the key-operated valves governing the passage
of wind to the organ pipes.
Figs. 25 and 26 are diagrammatic views showing all the various air-passages in
the entire organ leading to the organ pipes, taken at different levels.
Figs. 27 and 28 are sectional and plan views respectively illustrating details of a
modification, Fig. 27 being taken on the plane of the line 27-27 of Fig. 28.
The same marks of reference indicate the same parts throughout the different
figures of the drawings.
30 is the key-board, which may be of any range, and in one or more tiers if
desired. From the various keys 30 of the key-board lead downwardly vertical
rods 31 to rollers or rock-shafts 32, in the usual way. The rollers 32 are
preferably made of metal tubing to secure compactness of arrangement, greater
rigidity of connection and at the same time lightness of construction. Each tube
has a plug 32 of wood in its end to receive journal pins hereinafter specifically
designated. The rollers or rock-shafts 32 are each provided with arms 33 and 34
extending from opposite sides thereof. The arms 33 and 34 are preferably made
of wire, and at their outer ends are fashioned to form eyes 35. The lower ends of
the vertical rods 31 are each provided with screw-threaded wires 36, and &
button 37 which may be adjusted along the end of the wire 36 so as to regulate the
length of the said vertical rods 31. The wire 36 passes through the eye 35 in the
end of the arm 33, and the button 37 rests upon the upper surface of the eye 35
of the said arm 33. The keys 30 are mounted in the usual way, and connected
with the vertical rods 31 in a well known manner.
The arm 34 projects through the roller-board 38, and is engaged by a vertical
rod 39 similar to the rod 31, the said vertical rod 39 having a screw-threaded
reduced part at each end, and carrying at each end an adjustable button 39, the
uppermost one of which comes against the upper surface of the eye 35 on the

page_text: arm 34, and the lower button of which comes against the under side of the outer end
of a pivoted lever 40. There is a lever 40 and a connection, as described, between
the same and the keys, for each and every key of the key-board.
Each of the rock-shafts or rollers 32 is provided at one end with a journal pin 41,
which takes into brackets 42 carried by the roller-board 38 by means of a round
part 43 projecting from said brackets, they being received into holes bored into the
roller-board. The other ends of the rollers or rock-shafts 32 are adapted to have
inserted in them journal pins 44, through brackets 42 at the other end of said
rock-shafts. By this means the rock-shafts or rollers are journalled at each end.
Where two rock-shafts come together and are in the same horizontal line I
journal the adjacent ends in brackets 45. The vertical shafts and the brackets are
preferably made of wood. The connections between the keys and the valve 40 are
all substantially of the usual construction, except as noted above, but the arrange-
ment of the rollers or rock-shafts is new.
Owing to the fact that in my invention, as previously set forth, all the pipes of
the same note and its octaves are preferably grouped together, and also by reason
of the fact that in the present invention, in order to further economize space, every
group of pipes corresponding to each alternate note of the chromatic scale is
arranged at opposite sides of the centre of the organ, a new or modified way
of arranging the rollers or rock-shafts is employed. I have previously mentioned
in a general way, that in my organ the pipes of the octaves of the notes are
preferably grouped together to carry out the invention. The general arrangement
of pipes in organs is to have the pipes over the sound-board in the order found on
the key-board, that is to say, the general arrangement is to have the pipes of the
lower register of the organ at the left-hand side and those of the highest register at
the right-hand side of the organ. It will be noted that by grouping the pipes as
referred to in my organ, I am enabled to economize space, inasmuch as the pipes in
the group are an octave apart and consequently vary greatly in size from each
other, so that it is possible to arrange such pipes within smaller compass than if all
large pipes were placed together, as will be seen by reference to Figs. 8, 18 and the
left-hand part of 25, wherein my arrangement of pipes is shown.
•
To further economize space in arranging the pipes, and secure a symmetrical
arrangement of pipes, I place the group of octaves of the pipes of each alternate
note of the chromatic scale at opposite sides of the centre of the organ. For
instance, I arrange the group of Cs on the left-hand side and the group of Cs on
the right-hand side of the organ, and the group of Ds on the left-hand side of the
organ next to the Cs, and then the group of Dis on the right-hand side of the
organ next to the Cs, and so on. It is, of course, not essential in carrying
out the principal features of my invention to make such an arrangement of pipes as
last specified, but I do this principally to further economize space, for it will
be evident that by so shifting the pipes, the pipes can be arranged more closely
together and compactly, that is to say, the small pipes, or pipes of medium size can
be inserted between spaces left between the large pipes, where a large pipe itself
could not be inserted between pipes. What applies to individual pipes, also applies
to a group of pipes. In Figs. 3 and 8 I have shown such an arrangement of pipes
as last referred to, wherein the Cs and Cs are at the extreme ends of the organ,
and the arrangement is such that the pipes are stepped downwardly from the right
and left-hand side of the organ to the centre, but it is obvious that the C's and Cis
may be arranged at the centre of the organ at opposite sides of the middle thereof,
and the other pipes alternately on each side thereof as indicated, which would make
the arrangement such that the pipes of the organ would be stepped upwardly from
each side of the organ to the centre, that is to say, the tallest pipes would be at the
centre and the shortest pipes at the ends of the organ, instead of in the present
arrangement shown in Figs. 3 and 8, in which the tallest pipes are at the ends and
the shortest pipes at the centre of the organ. The last arrangement that I have
referred to with the tall pipes at the centre of the organ and the short pipes at the
ends, would make the casing of the organ smaller and make the organ look much

page_text: smaller, for the reason that a casing with a peaked top could be used to enclose the
pipes, whereas in the arrangement shown in Figs. 3 and 8, a square casing is used
and considerable waste space enclosed by such casing, such space being the
substantially V-shaped space from the top ends of the pipes to the centre of
the organ (Figs. 3 and 8). The arrangement of pipes referred to necessitates
a change in the arrangement of the rollers of the roller-board, and a re-arrangement
of the connections between the rollers of the roller-board and the keys and valves
operated thereby. All the connections of the keys with the rollers or rock-shafts,
and the arrangement of the rock-shafts or rollers are shown in Fig. 10, wherein the
vertical dotted lines extending from the different rollers or rock-shafts indicate
the vertical rods 39 on the other side of the roller-board. The arrangement of the
rollers or rock-shafts will be understood from Fig. 10, in view of the previous
detailed description.
The levers 40 each control a valve 46 by means of pins 47, interposed between
the inner ends of the levers 40 and the outer ends of the valves 46. These valves 46
are arranged in the wind-chest 48, and held to their seats by springs 49 in the usual
way. The valves 46 control the passage of air from the wind-chest to the pipes of
the organ and correspond in number to the keys of the key-board. Each valve 46
controls the passage of air to the different slides, to give harmonique flute, stopped
diapason, etc. This is usually the arrangement in organs.
Preferably above the key-board are arranged two rows of stops 50 and 51
(see Figs. 1 and 4). These stops correspond to the different qualities of tones in
the organ, such as harmonique flute, stopped diapason, etc. From the stops, in the
same horizontal line, extend rods 52 and 53 to a T-lever 54 pivoted to a support 54
carried at the back of the wind-chest 48. The outer end of this T-lever is
connected to a bar 55, which in turn is articulated to a lever 56 that is pivoted to
one of the slides 57. The stops are arranged in sets of two, there being two stops
for each slide connected to opposite arms of the T-lever, so that the slides may be
operated in either direction by pushing in the stops, instead of having to pull out a
stop after it is pushed in, in the case where only one stop is used for each slide.
The advantage of this arrangement is that the stops may be pushed in to draw a
slide or to discontinue its use, which operation may be effected more rapidly and
conveniently than pulling out stops.
From a T-lever 54 (see Fig. 7) next beneath the T-lever 54 shown in Fig. 4,
and which is connected to the next set of stops, extends a bar 58 to a lever 59
pivoted at the opposite end of the organ and operating another slide 60. The
slides 61, 62 and 63 are also connected with levers, bars, T-levers and stops.
When a slide corresponding to any stop, such for instance as harmonique flute, is
operated and the keys of the organ are struck, the pipes giving the harmonique
flute Lone will speak. When other slides are brought into use other pipes corre-
sponding to those slides and giving different qualities of tone, will sound. So also
when one or more or all of the stops are brought into use all different combinations
of the various pipes corresponding to the different qualities of tone will be produced.
In organs as now constructed there is, in each set of pipes corresponding to the
different qualities of tone, a pipe for nearly every key of the key-board, and when
the slides are brought into use and a key is struck, the note corresponding to that
key and the pipe corresponding to that slide will sound.
It is well known that certain of the tones of the organ are essentially the same
in timbre or quality, but differ only in pitch; thus, for instance, harmonique flute
and stopped diapason are the same tone in quality, but differ from each other in
pitch only. So also principal and open diapason are the same sound in essential
characteristics, but differ only in pitch, these various sounds being an octave
different in pitch. So also gamba and violin are the same in timbre, but differ only
in pitch, being an octave apart. If, then, it is possible to arrange the pipes of an
organ, so that one set of pipes will answer both for harmonique flute and stopped
diapason, and one set of pipes for principal and open diapason, and the arrange-
ment is such that the correct pitch of these different stops will be given when any

page_text: key is struck, the number of pipes of an organ can be halved. In carrying out my
invention this is the arrangement I adopt, to wit: making one set of pipes answer
both for harmonique flute and stopped diapason for instance, and one set of pipes
answer both for principal and open diapason for instance. To best carry out the
objects of my invention, as before stated, it is required that the pipes corresponding
to the octaves of any note be arranged in a group together, thus, for instance, all
the Cs being arranged together, all the Ds together, etc.
In organs as now constructed there are clear spaces or channels transverse of
the sound-board (see Fig. 27), over, and running lengthwise of the valves 46 and
under and transverse of the slides, leaving a clear open space between any one
valve and all of the slides. Between these different channels there are, of course,
transverse partitions 120 between the keys separating the transverse channels from
one another. In my invention, I provide also longitudinal partitions between and
under the slides over the valves 46. To do this in the most practical manner now
known to me, I take a solid block of wood 63 and bore holes 64, 65, 66, 67 and 68.
through the same (see Fig. 16), making in effect partitions between the slides and
above valves 46. This also, of course, makes in effect transverse partitions between
adjoining valves. The longitudinal partitions referred to are one of the features
of my invention, and they and the purpose thereof will be set forth in full
hereinafter.
My organ is constructed in general respects like any other organ as to the slides,
as previously set out; but above the slides I arrange, if preferred, a board n
perforated to correspond to the slides, and above this perforated board is placed a
board 69 having diagonal grooves 70, spanning the space between the note-giving
perforations 64 and 65 of the two adjacent octaves in stopped diapason and
harmonique flute, and the diagonal grooves 71 connecting the note-giving perfora-
tions 66 and 67 of the two adjacent octaves in open and principal, as clearly shown
in Figs. 16, 18, 19 and 25, one pipe only being used for each groove; or in other
words, one pipe being common to two note-giving perforations of the adjacent
octaves of harmonique flute and stopped diapason, and principal and open diapason
respectively. In Figs. 18 and 19 I have illustrated by a series of parallel dotted
lines, diagrammatically, the valves corresponding to each key and note in the organ,
and have designated each of these lines by its proper note or letter. In making
these designations I have used primes or indices 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, with the letters
corresponding to the chromatic scale, the 1 indicating the lowest note and the 5 or 6.
the highest note of the key-board, except that the index or prime 0 is used with
letters to indicate the bass pipes. Where a letter indicating any note of the chromatic
scale is used without a prime or index, I intend to designate generally the note and
its octaves. By inspecting the key-board it will be seen that in the arrangement.
shown in the drawings there are six Cs, but only five keys of the other notes of the
chromatic scale.
Over the grooved piece 69 is arranged a perforated board 72, the perforations 73.
in which are over the grooves 70 being located at any suitable place along said
grooves, and adapted to receive the organ pipes 74 of harmonique flute and stopped
diapason for instance. In the board 72 are also perforations 75 at any place along
the grooves 71, which receive the organ pipes 76 common to principal and open
diapason for instance. It will be understood that a group of pipes representing the
octaves of any note are entirely independent of any other group of octaves. In
the board 72 are perforations 77 into which the twelve bass pipes 78, controlled by
the slide 63, are inserted.
In the grooved piece 69 at the rear of the organ are grooves 79, which, however,
are not necessarily diagonal grooves as will be seen by reference to Figs. 18, 19
and 25. These grooves 79 run backward and are provided merely in order to
secure room for the bass pipes, which are very large. It will be understood that
the grooves 79 of the bass pipes do not preferably connect together adjacent octaves,
there being a full set of bass pipes for the bass stop. As many bass slides or stops

page_text: may be used as desired. I have only shown one bass slide in the present case, as
it will serve to illustrate my invention.
With the foregoing explanation in mind, suppose that the harmonique flute stop
is operated to cause the perforations in the slide 60 to register with the perforations 65
and open communication between said perforations and the grooves 70, and let us
suppose that lowest C, that is C, which is shown as nearest the left-hand in the
C group in Fig. 25, is operated. This will cause the organ pipe, shown by the
black dot over harmonique flute at the middle left-hand part of the C group in
Fig. 25, to sound and will give lowest C of harmonique flute, which will be a
four foot tone.
Inasmuch as only one set of pipes are used in common between harmonique flute
and stopped diapason, and in view of the fact that harmonique flute is an octave
higher than stopped diapason, it will be evident that to complete the compass of
harmonique flute it will be necessary to add to the upper register of said set of
pipes representing stopped diapason, twelve more pipes, constituting an octave
of the chromatic scale, and the same remarks apply, mutatis mutandis to open
diapason and principal in an obvious manner. The black dots shown in Fig. 25 over
harmonique flute slide at the extreme right of the group of octaves, indicate the
perforations in which the pipes are inserted to complete the compass of harmonique
Aute. These pipes do not sound when stopped diapason is drawn, there being no
groove between the perforations referred to and any of the perforations of stopped
diapason, as clearly indicated in the drawings.
Let us suppose now, that the harmonique flute slide is pushed in so as to cut off
communication between the perforations 65 and the grooves 70, and that stopped
diapason is operated to cause perforations in its slide to register with the
perforations 64, and suppose that the lowest C on the key-board is operated as
before, no pipe will speak, because there are no pipes or perforations over stopped
diapason slide corresponding to the lowest octave of the key-board. If, however,
the bass slide is brought into use, the bass pipes will be caused to speak when the
keys in the lowest octave of the key-board in stopped diapason are used, and that
will give to stopped diapason the chromatic scale throughout the key-board. If C³
be struck the air will run along the groove 70 and cause the pipe to speak which
was sounded when harmonique flute was brought into requisition and key C¹ was
operated.
As one set of pipes are used in common between stopped diapason and harmonique
flute, and as harmonique flute is an octave higher than stopped diapason, it will be
obvious that to complete the compass of stopped diapason it will be necessary to
add twelve pipes to the lower end of stopped diapason to complete the compass of
the last octave of the chromatic scale of stopped diapason. This I do, in the
present instance, by bringing into use the bass pipes, as previously referred to, by
suitably manipulating the bass slide. The same remarks apply, mutatis mutandis,
to principal and open diapason in a manner obvious from the foregoing. The
pipes of the top octaves of stopped diapason are made double length and speak
harmonique tones, which does not interfere with the character of that stop, but
simply makes it speak more brilliantly. It will be seen therefore, that the compass
of harmonique flute, stopped diapason, principal and open diapason is the same as
in the ordinary organ, for I add sufficient pipes to the organ in the manner indicated
to supply the desired number of tones.
Suppose that harmonique flute and stopped diapason be in use and that C¹ be
struck as before, this will cause bass pipe Co to sound for stopped diapason, and the
pipe over harmonique flute to the extreme left to sound for harmonique flute as
before, the same two pipes previously referred to. Thus stopped diapason and
harmonique flute will speak together, the notes thereof being octaves of each other
and being coupled together as it were by my invention, which I therefore term an
octave coupler since it couples octaves together.
Now let us suppose that harmonique flute is brought into requisition in connection

page_text: with stopped diapason, and that C³ on the key-board is operated. The pipe over
the second black dot near the middle of the C group in Fig. 25 will speak for
harmonique flute, the air travelling up the perforation 65 along the groove 70 to
said pipe. At the same time the air will pass up the perforations 64 to one of the
grooves 70 and will cause the pipe over harmonique flute slide at the first black dot
to the left of the C group to sound for stopped diapason as well. Thus two pipes
have sounded by the operation of one key, the first-mentioned pipe being an octave
lower than the last-mentioned pipe. Thus it is seen that the octave of one pipe is
coupled to the octave of the same set of pipes, not by mechanically connecting the
keys of the key-board together, but preferably by grouping the pipes pertaining to
a key and the octaves thereof together, and arranging the pipes along grooves as
shown. In this way we have an octave coupler, which does not increase the key
resistance, the resistance of which always remains the same, whether few or many
slides are drawn and pipes are speaking. The same results will follow when the
same operation is gone through with the stops, principal and open diapason in
sounding the pipes common to these two stops, which will be obvious from the
foregoing description.
Now let us suppose that all of the stops are brought into operation, it will be
plain that pipes corresponding to each stop will speak upon a depression of any one
key, by the octaves of stopped diapason and harmonique flute being coupled
together, and the octaves of principal and open diapason being coupled together.
In each group of pipes and octaves thereof is arranged a bass pipe, which is caused
to speak when the bass or the keys of the lowest octave on the key-board are
struck. It will be obvious from the foregoing that the same coupling of octaves
takes place with reference to other keys of the key-board other than the C keys,
when the stops are suitably operated and said keys are struck. It will be seen that
nearly half the number of organ pipes can be used in the present case, and yet all
the tones of the organ will be preserved, the capacity or volume being the same in
the present case as in organs now constructed. If it were not necessary to add
independent pipes to complete the upper and lower register of the stops as above
explained, the number of pipes required in my system would he just half of the
number essential to the proper working of the ordinary organ, but even as it is,
my invention substantially or nearly halves the number of pipes required for the
usual pipe organ.
Having more particular reference to Fig. 16 it will be noted that were no
provision made therefor, when two octaves were coupled together by means of the
diagonal grooves referred to, while any key was struck, and pipes an octave apart
coupled together by the operating of a key, that is to say, when was operated for
instance and either or both of the stops, harmonique flute and stopped diapason
were brought into use, that the air would run in both directions from the valve C
(see Fig. 25) along the grooves 70 and sound the two pipes referred to in the
foregoing, and could pass down the perforations 64 and 65 along the valves corre-
sponding to C and C, and would cause the other notes in the line of C and C' to
sound, depending upon what slides or stops were in operation. The air after passing
along the valves of C and C' and causing the pipes along said line to indiscrimi-
nately sound, could also pass along the diagonal grooves from the pipes over the
valve 46 corresponding to C, and from there by the diagonal grooves could pass to
other pipes in the line of the valve corresponding to C' for instance, and would
cause the pipes of the organ to sound without any reference to the key struck.
To provide against this I preferably provide above the valves 46 the perfora-
tions 64, 65, 66, 67 and 68 before referred to in board 63, making in effect
longitudinal partitions between the slides and notes of each slide as before explained,
and I preferably furnish the partitions with a partitioned valve seat 80 of
substantially the form shown in Figs. 20 and 21 and made of metal or other
substance. This valve seat has holes 81 through it corresponding to the
perforations 64, 65, 66, 67 and 68, so that when the valve corresponding to the
key C for instance, is against its seat it will be impossible for the air to pass

page_text: from the pipes sounded by striking the key C² to other pipes, the communication
between such pipes and the pipe sounded, being cut off by the partitions and the
partitioned valve seat when any valve 46 is against its seat. This partitioned
valve seat does not, of course, prevent the air from passing up through any of the
perforations 64, 65, 66, 67 and 68 when any valve is operated by being depressed
away from any given partitioned valve seat. The apertures in the partitioned
valve seat 80 are made of larger cross-sectional area than the area of the perfora-
tions 64, 65, etc., in order to better allow the wind to reach the pipes when the
valves 46 are operated.
In organs as now constructed there are no longitudinal partitions of the
character described, interposed between the valves 46 and the slides (see Fig. 27),
so that my present invention could not be employed in organs as now constructed
without, using such partitions, or some equivalent therefor. It may be said therefore
that these partitions or some means of cutting off communication between the pipe,
must be used to carry out my invention, and this is one of the principal features
of and may be said to be the very gist of the invention. It will be apparent that
the valves 46 may be caused to seat directly against the partitions referred to
instead of against the partitioned valve seat 80, inasmuch as when any given valre
was against its valve seat the indiscriminate speaking of the pipes would be
obviated. So also it will be apparent without illustration that the perforated or
partitioned block 634 might be dispensed with, and the slides placed across the
partitioned valve scats 80 which may all be cast in one piece, and still carry out
my invention, it only being necessary to have partitions, as indicated, between the
slides, or to provide some means to prevent the indiscriminate blowing of the
pipes, and the partitions of the partitioned valve seat would answer this purpose.
The metal valve seat is provided to secure a more perfect seat for the valves,
metal keeping its shape better and not being subject to atmospheric changes and
liable to leak from warping as wood is. Blocks rands are placed at each end of
the partitioned valve seat, the free ends of the valves 46 resting against the block
through which the pin 47 passes, and the hinged end of the valves 46 being secured
to the block s. These blocks are made of the same thickness as the partitioned
valve seat. Between the different valves 46 are pins or wires t (see Fig. 17).
These wires prevent the valves from moving sideways, and are the same in every
respect as those now used in organs. The partitioned valve seat shown in Fig. 20
is one which has provision for the bass pipe. The openings in the partitioned
valve seat for the bass pipes are made longer than the other openings to make a
larger aperture for the bass pipes which require more air than the other pipes.
In the valves corresponding to keys in which there are no bass pipes the partitioned
valve seat is made shorter, and has, of course, no provision for a bass pipe, the
same being shown in Fig. 21 and the right-hand of Fig. 26.
In Figs. 27 and 28 is illustrated another way of preventing the indiscriminate
speaking of the pipes when any key is depressed in my organ, the same being a
substitute for the partitions heretofore referred to. In this modification the
longitudinal partitions are dispensed with, and there is a transverse clear open
space beneath all the slides, as seen at the lower part of Fig. 27. In place of
the partitions, I use, in the present instance, valves & which are preferably placed
in the diagonal grooves 70 and 71, over the perforations in board n above the
slides. The valves in cach diagonal groove I may make in one piece of some
suitable material, which is fastened in place by a screw y. The valves can be
constructed in any suitable way. I show herein the present form of valve merely
to illustrate how valves could be used for the purpose set forth, but do not wish
to limit myself to any particular form or kind of valve for this purpose.
any slide is brought into use and a valve 46 corresponding to any key is operated,
the air will pass through the perforation or perforations in the slide or slides in
use, and will raise the valve and sound the corresponding pipe. If only one
slide under any given diagonal groove is in use only one valve will be raised in
that diagonal groove and the other valve in, said diagonal groove will, by the
When

page_text: pressure of wind in the diagonal groove above it be held to its seat, and it will
prevent the wind from passing down the perforation it is over and causing the
indiscriminate sounding of the pipes as previously set forth. I prefer the partitions
to the valves for this purpose, as they are more reliable in operation, and because they
are fixed and not subject to derangement as valves are, and are easier to construct.
While I have explained that in my invention all the octaves are grouped
together, my invention, broadly considered, is not limited to such grouping, for
it is evident that by suitable air connection (by a system of piping, for instance,
instead of diagonal grooves) between the organ pipes and the note-giving perfora-
tions of the slides indicated, the same result will be accomplished and in the way
set forth. The grouping of the octaves is, however, the preferable arrangement
as it simplifies the construction.
In Fig. 22 I have shown a modification of the slides 57, 60, 61, 62 and 63, and
for such slides rotary valves 82, 83, 84 and 85, which may be made of a solid
piece of round metal with perforations extending therethrough, as shown in the
drawing, to correspond with the perforations above and below said rotary valves.
It will be understood, of course, that these rotary valves are operated by the
stops heretofore explained, by suitable connections.
.
In Fig. 22 also is shown a modification of the valves 46, and this modification is
further illustrated in Figs. 23 and 24. In the said modification the valves 46 are
laterally swinging ones and are hinged and fastened to their seats along one edge
thereof by leathers m or other flexible material. The pins 47 bear at one end of
the valves 46 at the opposite edge from the leathers m, this being the free edge of
the valves (see Figs. 22 and 23). The springs 49 are also used in this instance to
hold the valves 46 to their seats, but the springs are preferably moved to beneath
the free or opening edge of the valves 46 (see Fig. 24) instead of being at the
longitudinal middle of the valves as before. It will be noted that in the present
instance, the valves 46 are made of less length than the valves 46 shown in Fig. 16,
wherein the valves are hinged at one end and swing in the plane of their length.
The partitioned valve seats are also made correspondingly shorter, the same
opening being allowed for the bass pipes as for the other pipes. The groove 68 in
This allows
the present instance takes a right-angular form as shown in Fig. 22.
the bass pipes to be set further back in the organ to secure room for them as before.
Inasmuch as the valve 46 opens along one entire edge it will be seen that the air
has freer access to the bass pipes, and those pipes located towards the rear or hinge
of the valve 46 shown in Fig. 16. Such a valve affords the same amount of opening
for one pipe as another, but where a valve is used as shown in Fig. 16 it is evident
that when the same is depressed a greater opening will be allowed for the passage
of wind at the front end of the valve, inasmuch as the space between the valve and
its seat gradually gets less and less as it is nearer the hinge of the valve. By the
modified valve 46 shown in Figs. 22, 23 and 24 this objection is obviated. The
modified valve 46 also possesses the advantage of requiring less force to operate it
than the valve 46 shown in Fig. 16, for the reason that being shorter, the area of
the valve is less, consequently the total pressure exerted against the valve is less,
and hence less force is required to operate such a valve. This then decreases the
key resistance and is an obvious advantage. The modified valve 46 may be swung,
hinged or pivoted in any suitable way other than that described, so long as it
retains its functions of opening laterally or along one side.
86 and 87 are hinged foot-boards at the lower front part of the organ, each
having connected respectively thereto at their free ends, straps 88 and 89, which
pass rearward over rollers 90 attached to the inside of the front board and lower
part of the organ by suitable brackets (see Fig. 5). These straps are attached
respectively to bellows 91 at the rear of the organ, which bellows are located upon
the vertical back board of the organ. The bellows are made substantially as shown
in Fig. 9, they having a hinged part 92 with perforations 93 therein covered by a
flexible valve 94 which permits air to enter the said bellows, but prevents it from
leaving the same by way of said perforations 93. The bellows proper are upon a
B

page_text: -
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hollow chamber 95 having perforations 96 being covered by a flexible valve 97,
permitting air enter the said chamber but preventing its escape therefrom by
way of said perforations 96.
From each end and the centre of the chamber 95 passes, by way of tubes 98, 99
and 100, the air which is compressed in said chamber, to an inflatable storage-
reservoir 101 mounted upon a shallow box 102, with which the pipes 98, 99
and 100 directly communicate. The reason for delivering the compressed air
from the chamber 95 to the storage-reservoir through more than one pipe is to
prevent vibration of the inflatable storage-reservoir, the vibrations of which often
interfere with the tones of the organ, giving them a tremolo effect. The intro-
duction of the air at each end and at the centre of the storage-reservoir prevents
the vibration of the storage-reservoir, and this is one of the features of the present
invention. The box 102 is placed horizontally at the base of the organ. The
storage-reservoir 101 has a series of pivoted levers (see Fig. 3) 103 attached to its
sides in order to more readily hold the parts of the said inflatable reservoir in place
and steady the same. The said inflatable reservoir has upon its top, weights 104
to keep the air therein at a certain pressure, and cause the reservoir to contract as
the air is exhausted therefrom. Above the storage-reservoir 101 is placed the
wind-chest, the valves 46 operated by the keys, the slides, and parts as shown in
Fig. 16. Connection is made between the storage-reservoir 101 and the wind-
chest 48 by means of vertical passage-ways 105 and 106, which pass from each end
of the box 102 up the inside of the organ to each end of said wind-chest.
By operating the foot-boards 86 and 87, the bellows 91 are brought into use and
air compressed into the chamber 95. The air passing down from this chamber
through the three pipes 98, 99 and 100 previously described, to the storage-
reservoir 101, inflates the same and the air is delivered from this storage-reservoir
under pressure by way of the vertical passage-ways 105 and 106 to the wind-chest,
thus supplying the power to cause the pipes of the organ to speak. Instead of
operating the bellows by foot power they can be operated in any other suitable
way, such, for instance, as a hand-lever, water power, or an electrical motor, all of
which make no part of my invention.
I provide my organ also with an arrangement known as a swell in organs, the
swell being an apparatus whereby the casing of the organ may be opened or closed
to increase the volume of sound at the will of the operator. At the front of the
organ is pivoted, at each end, a series of vertical slats 107, which are connected
together inside the organ by a stick 108 (see Figs. 1, 2 and 3) pivoted to lugs 109
extending from the rear of the said slats. The stick 108 is in turn connected with
a bar 110, aud this is articulated to a lever 111 pivoted at 112 to any suitable part
of the organ, and the other end thereof is connected with a reciprocating bar 113.
The other end of this bar is provided with a spring 114, which normally tends to
throw the bar and the lever 111, so as to close the slats 107 of the swell. The
bar 113 is provided with a pin 115, which projects through the front of the casing
of the organ. This pin is operated by a pivoted piece 116, which depends from the
front board of the organ, and protrudes adjacent to the right knee of the performer,
so that the operator by pressing the pivoted piece 116 to the right, operates upon
the pin 115 so as to elongate the spring 114 and open the slats of the swell, thereby
causing the volume of the organ to increase. When the pressure of the knee is
removed from the pivoted piece 116 the tension upon the spring 114 draws the
reciprocating bar 113 to its normal position and closes the slats of the swell.
Having fully set forth my invention, I wish to have it understood that I do not
limit myself to the exact constructions and arrangements set forth, as many changes
may be made in the organ described, and still be within the spirit of my invention,
only one exemplification of which I have, set forth herein.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is:
1. An octave conplex conciation

page_text: pipe grouped together, with air communication between the adjoining octaves,
whereby when any pipe is caused to speak its octave or octaves also will respond.
2. An octave coupler consisting of a set of pipes having air communication
between the adjoining octaves, and partitions for preventing any other pipes than
the said octaves from responding.
3. An octave coupler consisting of a set of pipes having the octaves of any
pipe grouped together, with diagonal grooves between the adjoining octaves,
whereby when any pipe is caused to speak its octave will respond.
4. An octave coupler consisting of a set of pipes having the octaves of any pipe
grouped together, with diagonal grooves between the adjoining octaves, and means
for preventing any other pipes than the said octaves from responding.
5. An octave coupler consisting of a set of pipes having the octaves of any pipe
grouped together, with diagonal grooves between the adjoining octaves, and
partitions for preventing any other pipe than the said octaves from responding.
6. A pipe organ having a set of pipes common to two stops or slides representing
different qualities of tones of the organ, and means for affording air communication
between the octaves of one stop and the octaves of another stop.
7. A pipe organ having a set of pipes common to two stops or slides representing
different qualities of tones of the organ, the pipe or pipes of any note and its
octaves being grouped together, and means for affording communication between
the octaves of one stop and the octaves of another stop.
8. A pipe organ having a set of pipes common to two stops or slides, representing
different qualities of tones of the organ, the pipe or pipes of any note and its
octaves being grouped together, and diagonal grooves for affording communication
between the octaves of one stop and the octaves of another stop.
9. A pipe organ having a set of pipes common to two stops or slides, with air
communication between the octaves of one stop or slide and the adjoining octaves
of another slide, valves operated by the keys controlling the admission of air to
the pipes, and means for preventing the indiscriminate speaking of the pipes when
the keys are actuated.
10. A pipe organ having a set of pipes common to two stops or slides, means for
affording air communication between the octaves of one stop and the octaves of
another stop, valves operated by the keys controlling the admission of air to the
pipes, and longitudinal partitions interposed between the said valves and slides.
11. A pipe organ having a set of pipes common to two stops or slides, the pipe
or pipes of any note and its octaves being grouped together, means for affording
communication between the octaves of one stop and the octaves of another stop,
valves operated by the keys controlling the admission of air to the pipes, and
longitudinal partitions interposed between the said valves and slats.
12. A pipe organ having a set of pipes common to two stops or slides, diagonal
grooves affording communication between the octaves of one stop and the octaves
of another stop, valves operated by the keys permitting the admission of air
to the pipes, and longitudinal partitions interposed between the said valves and
slides.
13. In a pipe organ a partitioned valve-seat, substantially as and for the purpose
described.
14. An organ having the octaves of the pipe or pipes of the different qualities
of tones and notes arranged in groups, those of the same pipe and its octaves being
arranged in the same group, whereby economy of space is secured.
15. An organ having the pipe or pipes of the different qualities of tones and
notes and their octaves of the chromatic scale arranged in groups alternately at
opposite sides of the organ, whereby economy of space is secured.
16. An organ having the rollers or rock-shafts of the roller-board corresponding
to the different keys, arranged to bring the valves corresponding to the octaves of
any note together in groups.
17. An organ having the rollers or rock-shafts of the roller-board corresponding
to the different qualities of tones and notes and their octaves of the chromatic

page_text: scale arranged to bring the valves corresponding to the octaves of any note
together in groups alternately on opposite sides of the organ.
18. An organ having the rollers or rock-shafts of its roller-board composed of
-metal tubes with a plug in the ends thereof, and a journal-pin extending from said
plug, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
19. In a pipe organ, a rotary-valve 82 having suitable perforations, substantially
as and for the purpose described.
20. The combination with the slides of an organ, of two stops for each slide.
each of which stops is positively connected together and is pushed in or out by
operating the other, and left in whatever position it is placed by the operation of
the other, and connections intermediate the stops and slides for the purpose
.described.
21. The combination with the slides of an organ of two stops for each slide, a
T-lever for each set of stops, to an arm of which T-lever each of the stops is
respectively connected, and connections from the third arm of the T-lever to the
-slides, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
22. In an organ the combination of a bellows, means for actuating the same, an
inflatable storage-reservoir, and a plurality of pipes connecting the storage-
reservoir with the bellows at different points, whereby vibration of the storage-
reservoir is prevented.
23. In an organ the combination of a bellows, and foot-meaus or treadles for
actuating the same by suitable connections, an inflatable storage-reservoir at the
bottom of the organ beneath the bellows, and means for affording air com-
munication between the said bellows and reservoir and between the latter and the
wind-chest.
To thi 10th dow of A1000
R. W. JACKSON,
Per J. G. L.