matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN LIGHTING AND HEATING, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Philip Charles Evans at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th October 1871.
I, PHILIP CHARLES EVANS, of Brimscombe, in the County of Glou-
cester, Cloth Manufacturer, do hereby declare the naturo of my said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LIGHTING AND HEATING, AND IN APPARATUS
EMPLOYED THEREFOR," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the mode of supplying and regulating the
supply of air to the burners of oil lamps, gas lights, and gas stoves when
double chimneys are applied thereto, and consists in the application to
the lower mouth of the outer one of the two chimneys surrounding the
burner, which I prefer to be an argand burner, of two perforated plates,
either in the form of slide valves or dampers, flat discs, cups, or rings,
but in all cases fitting close together.
One of these perforated plates, cups, or rings is made adjustable over
the other, so that on turning it the exact amount of air to be supplied
through the lower mouth of the outer chimney of the burner, whether of
a.lamp or gas stove, may be regulated with the greatest nicety. They

page_text: may also be used in combination or not with the peculiar cap or hood
set forth and described in the Specification of the Patent of Henry
Edward Mines, bearing date the Twenty-eighth of April, One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-one, Number 1140.
When applying the perforated adjustable air supply regulating ring
or other shaped valves to a gas stove, it is to be fitted round the base of
the stove or bottom of the outer case or chimney, which is perforated to
correspond, other perforations or passages as most convenient being
made in the base to admit a second supply of heated air downwards to
the burner through a central chimney or tube, with or without a false
centre or core for directing the air well against the inner sides of the
inner chimney or air supplying tube. Other perforations are made in
the base between the inner and outer chimneys just under the circular
burner, so that the heated air which passes down the inner chimney
mingles with the fresh air supplied through the perforated regulating
ring, and both pass together to the flame of the burner, or the cold air
may be excluded and the heated air alone employed. The products of
combustion ascend between the two chimnies, and enter an expanded
chamber at the top of the outer chimney, from which chamber they may
be conveyed away by a pipe, if desired.
In order to allow of the downward supply of air through the central
tube or chimney to the burner, the expanded chamber above mentioned
has a tubular passage or passages made therein, communicating directly
with the top of the central air tube or inner chimney.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GLOVES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Augusto Guattari at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th August 1871.-Partly a communication from abroad by
Antonio Baccellieri, of Bologna, in the Kingdom of Italy.
I, Augusto Guattari, of Kennington, in the County of Surrey,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GLOVES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture of kid and other leather
gloves, and consists in making them in few pieces, and consequently
with few seams or joins; which moreover are not in prominent positions,
and may be made almost imperceptible.
I cut the material into four parts, as shown in the annexed Drawing,
in which A is the main portion of the glove, including the first and fourth
fingers, B is the second finger, C the third finger, and D the thumb
piece. The two pièces B and C are cut with long strips to extend up
the back of the glove, where they are joined in the following manner :—
The upper surface of A is pared off at part a, where it is reduced to half
the thickness as far as the dotted line. The under surface of B is also

page_text: pared at a, and the two parts so reduced in thickness are to be over-
lapped, and cemented or glued together. The parts of B and C marked
6 must likewise be pared and overlapped and glued together, as also
the parts marked c of C and A. The opposite edges of the thumb piece
1) are first joined around the upper part from points 1 to 1 to form the 5
top of the thumb, which is then joined on at the thumb opening in A.
The parts d of A and B are then pared on opposite surfaces, overlapped
and glued together; and similarly parts e with e, and with f. The
corresponding edges are then joined by sewing or glueing, to complete
the glove. In the latter case, the several parts of the glove should be 1
cut of rather larger size, as indicated by the red lines 2, 2, in B; the
edges which are to overlap being pared or reduced in thickness.
All the sewing of the various seams (when sewing is employed) is
inside of the glove; that is to say, the seams are not sewn with an
overcast stitch on the outside as usual. The edges of the material in 1
this case abut together, and the stitches, being on the inside, render the
joins almost imperceptible.
IMPROVEMENTS IN INK HOLDERS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Bristow Hunt at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th July
1871. A communication from abroad by Maurice Gariel, of Paris,
France.
I, BRISTOW HUNT, of No. 1, Serle Street, Lincoln's Inn, in the
County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN INK HOLDERS," (a communication to
me from abroad by Maurice Gariel, of Paris, France,) to be as follows :-
This Invention consists in the application to ink holders of flexible
recipients or diaphragms so arranged as to permit of reducing to a
minimum the liquid surface exposed to the action of the air while the
ink holder is open, and of suppressing all contact of the air when it is
out of use. In its simplest form the improved ink holder is composed
of two cylinders or short tubes of metal, glass, or other suitable material
mounted telescopically one within the other, the outer tube closed at
the lower end, the inner one open at the bottom, but provided with a
stopper of any convenient description. Within the inner tube is adjusted.
a loose pocket of vulcanised caoutchouc or other flexible impervious
material which extends downwards from the top or neck to some
.

page_text: distance below the open end of the tube. This pocket being charged
with the requisite quantity of ink the tube to which it is attached is
moved downwards in the outer cylinder until the bottom of the pocket
bears sufficiently on the base of the latter to displace and raise the level
of the ink to the dipping orifice. The form and general arrangement
of the flexible recipient or diaphragm may be varied according to
circumstances.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESSURE Gauges
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Finlay Lang and Charles
Reichert at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 5th September 1871.
We, FINLAY LANG and CHARLES REICHERT, both of Glasgow, in the
County of Lanark, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention of “IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESSURE Gauges,” to be as follows,
that is to say-
This Invention appertains to a new or improved construction of
pressure gauge, and it relates to that class of pressure gauges wherein
the pressure is registered from the deflections of a flat or approximately
flat tubular spring into which steam, water, or other fluid or liquid
of which the pressure is desired to be ascertained is admitted. The said
tubular spring being bent to the form of a segment of a circle possesses
elasticity, the limit of which under this Invention is made greatly in
excess of the final range of the gauge to which it is to be applied. One

page_text: end of the said tubular spring is fixed to the casing of the gauge and is
in open communication with the pipe through which the steam, water, or
other fluid or gas whose pressure is to be ascertained is admitted, whilst
the other and thereof, which is closed, has a palm formed or fixed
thereon, to which one end of a connecting rod is attached, the opposite
end of the said connecting rod being also attached to the short end of a
compound lover carried upon a stud fixed to the back plate of the gauge
casing, whilst at or near the extremity of the long end of the said com-
pound lever one end of a light chain or other similarly flexible band is
attached, the other end of which is passed round and attached to a 1
grooved pulley or roller fixed upon the spindle which carries the index
pointer.
When the gauge is in operation the steam, water, or other fluid or
gas
is admitted within the tubular spring, the pressure exerted within;
it therefore tends to straighten it out from its natural circular form, 1
whereby that end thereof which is closed is moved outwards to an extent
corresponding to the degree of pressure upon it, and in being thus moved
the short end of the compound lever herein-before set forth is drawn
therewith by means of the connecting rod, whilst its opposite end is
moved outwards, and drawing with it the chain or flexible band which is 2
passed round the grooved pulley or roller fixed upon the spindle which
carries the index pointer, the said spindle and index pointer are thereby
turned upon their axis, the latter indicating upon the dial plate the
degree of pressure exerted in producing that movement. When the
pressure is withdrawn from the tubular spring it immediately returns to 2
its normal position and shape, and the index pointer is simultaneously
drawn backwards by means of a coiled or hair spring attached to the axis
thereof.

page_text: It is further to be understood that in lieu of the compound lever
herein-before set forth as forming a part of the mechanism of the im-
proved pressure gauge an eccentric might be employed, which would
obviously fulfil the same functions.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ELASTIC STEEL WHEELS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Auguste Lucien Le Harivel
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 18th December 1871.
I, AUGUSTE LUCIEN LE HARIVEL, Millboard Manufacturer, Tweed-
mouth, Northumberlandshire, do hereby declare the nature of said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ELASTIC STEEL
WHEELS," to be as follows:-
"
In wheels constructed according to this Invention as shewn in the
Drawing annexed hereto and forming part this my Provisional Specifi-
cation, the nave bears two flanges with as many bolt holes in each as
may be required for the connections between the nave and the tire.
These connections consist of round, oval, or pear-shaped springs, bolted,
riveted, or otherwise fastened to the tire. The tire is made of two or
more plies or coils of highly elastic steel.
The said round, oval, or pear-shaped springs, are made with a boss or
eye piece to fit between the two flanges on the nave. This boss has a hole

page_text: +
in it so as to allow a bolt to pass through it and the flanges in such a
manner that the boss on the spring may be allowed to swing freely
between the flanges as if hinged on the nave.
That part of the spring near the nave is kept broader than the part
attached to the tire, thereby ensuring greater stability.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE REVERSING GEAR OR LINK MOTION OF LOCOMOTIVE AND OTHER ENGINES
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Arnold Budenberg, of the Firm of Schäffer &
Budenberg, of the City of Manchester, for the Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE REVERSING GEAR OR LINK MOTION OF LOCOMOTIVE AND
OTHER ENGINES."-A communication from abroad by Edward Buss,
of Magdeburg, in the Kingdom of Prussia, Engineer.
Sealed the 23rd January 1872, and dated the 25th July 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Arnold Budenberg at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 25th July 1871.
I, ARNOLD BUDENBERG, of the Firm of Schäffer & Budenberg, of the
City of Manchester, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE REVERSING GEAR OR LINK MOTION OF LOCOMOTIVE
AND OTHER ENGINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved arrangement of reversing gear
or link motion for locomotive and other engines with two cylinders,

page_text: and consists in connecting the two slot links at or near their outer
extremities to the two opposite arms of a lever, which oscillates upon
a fixed horizontal stud, and in connecting such slot links together at
their other extremities to a pin, to which one of the eccentric rods is
also jointed, the other eccentric rod being connected to one of the arms
of the lever herein-before mentioned. This arrangement gives the
requisite motion to the two slots links when the two eccentrics are
arranged to work at or nearly at right angles to one another, or a single
eccentric may be employed in conjunction with a bell crank lever or
other similar arrangement of mechanism to actuate both rods.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REEFING AND FURLING MAINSAILS or SHIPS AND BOATS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Alexander Elliott at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd September 1871.
I, THOMAS ALEXANDER ELLIOTT, of Rathmines, in the County of
Dublin, Ireland, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REEFING AND FURLING MAINSAILS or
SHIPS AND BOATS," to be as follows:-
These improvements relate to apparatus for reefing and furling
mainsails of ships and, boats from the deck, and consists of a loose collar
held in place upon the mast by fixed bearings or supports, the collar
being made of pieces of elm timber bound together by ring plates with
rivets and pins, some of which project to form belaying pins. The
collar has an axle on which the boom is free to rotate when the halyard
is "hauled" or "let go." The inner end of the boom has a drum or

page_text: flanged roller keyed to it, upon which the rope is coiled, its outer end
being supported by a plate connected to the toppin-lift hook and to
another plate of the main-sheet block. The collar is free to move round
in the fixed bearings or supports, to enable the boom to be tacked in any
suitable direction.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BEDS, COTS, AND COUCHES FOR CHILDREN AND INVALIDS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Wicks at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
May 1871.
I, FREDERICK WICKS, of Clifton Villa, Canterbury Road, Brixton,
in the County of Surrey, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BEDS, COTS, AND COUCHES FOR
CHILDREN AND INVALIDS," to be as follows:-
The inconveniences arising from the practice of children of tender
age and also of invalids soiling the bed, cot, couch, or other article of
furniture upon which they may be resting with urine has induced nurses
and others in charge to adopt temporary means to avoid it, such as by
placing a pan or a bowl under them. This in most cases disturbs the
child or invalid through their position being shifted. The more common
plan is to allow the child or invalid to sleep on a waterproof sheet
which will not allow the urine to escape although it keeps the bedding
clean, and thus the child or invalid remains soaking in the fluid and
by capillary attraction the shirt of the sleeper becomes saturated.

page_text: Now according to my Invention I form a hole in or near the middle
of the bed, cot, or couch, and through that hole pass a pipe depending
from a waterproof sheet covering the whole of the bed, and the mattress
being constructed in such a way that it will be thinner in the middle
than the sides so as to cause any fluid spilt on the waterproof sheet to
gravitate to the centre; urine involuntarily ejected will immediately run
to the hole and pass through the pipe or channel to a pan or other
receiver placed for the purpose underneath the bed, cot, or couch.
In cases such as when two or more children sleep in one bed I make
a hole for each of them. By this means the bed clothes are kept clean 1
and sweet, and do not become injured by the continual wetting to which
they would otherwise be subjected, and the health and comfort of the
child or invalid will be consulted.
AN IMPROVED BALL-PROOF PLASTRON CUIRASS
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 22nd August 1871.-A communication from abroad by André
Yautier, of No. 87, Boulevard Bonne-Nouvelle, Paris, France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand,
in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED BALL-PROOF PLASTRON
CUIRASS," a communication to me from abroad by André Yautier, of
No. 37, Boulevard Bonne-Nouvelle, Paris, France, to be as follows:—
This plastron cuirass need not exceed 3 lbs. 5 ozs. (1 kilo. 500
grammes) in weight. It is composed of two sheets of galvanized leather
of about th of an inch (5 millimetres) thick, strongly sewn together,
and sloped and hollowed like a steel cuirass, although the plastron may
be worn beneath the tunio, and while leaving the wearer's movements
perfectly free not give any appearance of extra stoutness. Between the
two sheets of leather is spread a composition consisting of 8, ounces
(100 grammes) of beaten hemp and 18 ounces (400 grammes) of melted
Burgundy pitch. These two matters intimately mixed form an impervious
body. This plastron cuirass may be made to protect only the chest

page_text: and stomach and not the back, or both back and front, as may be
desired. It is secured on the wearer by means of two braces and a waist
belt attached to it, and will be found as useful for infantry as for
cavalry.
A NEW MODE OF TREATING THE SURFACES OF ASPHALTE ROADS AND PAVE- MENTS FOR THE PURPOSE OF PREVENTING SLIPPING
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Henry Ellis at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th November 1871.
I, GEORGE HENRY ELLIS, of No. 20, High Holborn, in the County of
Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "A NEW MODE OF TREATING THE SURFACES OF ASPHALTE ROADS AND PAVE-
MENTS FOR THE PURPOSE OF PREVENTING SLIPPING," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in spreading upon the surfaces of asphalte roads
and pavements in the manner herein-after described a layer of lead or
any similar metal in order to afford a secure foothold for horses without
increasing the traction of vehicles. In carrying out my Invention I first
reduce the lead into fine or coarse particles, according to the thickness of
metallic surface required. I then sift or strew the same over or upon
the surface of asphalte roads or pavements, while the latter are in a soft
or heated state, in such a manner that the particles or grains of lead
become embedded in the asphalte, and before the surface of the road is
quite hard I roll or beat down the particles of lead so as to form them
into a homogeneous mass. In the case of renewing these metallic sur-

page_text: faces, or when applying them to asphalte roads already laid down, I
either apply a coating of bituminous or other mastic or cement to receive
the lead particles, or the surface of the road is brought to the required
state of softness by heat or by other suitable means.
I do not limit myself to the use of pure lead so long as an alloy or
metal is used that possesses similar properties and that affords the neces-
sary foothold for animals. In applying the lead the method may be
occasionally varied to suit different circumstances and kinds of road.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Moses Morris at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
January 1871.
I, MOSES MORRIS, of Swinton, near Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Manager, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to vary the number of picks or shoots
of weft in a given length of fabric, and it is particularly applicable in
weaving plaids or checks, but it may be employed in weaving other
fabrics.
In performing my Invention I fix a stud to the usual taking-up catch
which works the ratchet wheel of the taking-up motion, and to this stud
is jointed a rod supported in an eye fixed to the loom side; this rod is
connected by a cord passing over guide pulleys to the jacquard engine
or other shedding motion.

page_text: In weaving those parts requiring the greatest number of picks the
catch is lifted out of the ratchet wheel by the jacquard dobby-tappet or
other shedding motion, and in those parts where fewer picks are required
the jacquard or other shedding motion allows the catch to fall in gear
with the ratchet wheel, thereby producing the variations in the number
of picks required.
AN IMPROVED MEANS OF OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Stephens Brown at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th September 1871.
I, DAVID STEPHENS BROWN, of Braywick House, Green Lanes,
London, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED MEANS OF OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER," to be as follows:-
The use of flame intermittently to cause a confined fluid to alter-
nately expand and contract, and which may be thus done :—
A (Fig. 1) is a generator, consisting of a number of thin tubes of
small bore containing water, steam, mercury, air, or any other fluid.
When heated by the flames (B, B,) proceeding from the box (D) the
fluid will expand, and passing through the larger tube (C) enter the
cylinder (E) and force the piston (F) from the position (G) to (H).
When the flames are diminished, extinguished, or removed, or when the
generator is removed from them, the said fluid will contract or condense,
and the piston will be driven back by the atmospheric pressure to (G).
(Fig. 2) is a modification of the same principle, showing similar action

page_text: on both sides of the piston. The flames being placed between two sets
of tubes, communicating independently with each end of the cylinder
by the tubes (0³) and (C³), and placed in the case (I), which has a fan
(K, K,) at each end, on the same axle. When these revolve the flames
will be drawn against the tubes (A'), cold air passing by the tubes (A³).
On reversing the motion the flames will be directed to the tubes (A³),
and cold air will come in contact with those (A').
made of glass, platinum, silver, or other metal.
ness is required they may be of aluminium foil.
produced from gas or liquid fuel.
The tubes may be
When great light-
The flames may be
IMPROVEMENTS IN SELF-SUPPORTING TROUSERS OR TROUSERS THAT ARE INTENDED TO BE WORN WITHOUT BRACES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Tinker, William
Marsden, Walter Henry Marsden, and George Atkinson Marsden
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 2nd September 1871.
We, FREDERICK TINKER, of Shipley, near Huddersfield, in the County
of York, WILLIAM MARSDEN, of Old Brampton, near Chesterfield,
WALTER HENRY MARSDEN, the younger, all trading under the Firm of
Tinker, Marsden, and Son, and GEORGE ATKINSON MARSDEN, of Ches-
terfield, Manager to the above Firm, all in the County of Derby, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for “IMPROVEMENTS IN
SELF-SUPPORTING TROUSERS OR TROUSERS THAT ARE INTENDED TO BE WORN WITHOUT
BRACES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in making self-supporting trousers in the
following manner :-We cut or form a piece of brown holland or other
suitable material of the shape of the letter T, and to the upright part of
this said pieco we affix buttons at about equal distances asunder for the
purpose of connecting the piece of holland to one side of the "fly" part
of the trousers. The aforesaid buttons are intended to pass through

page_text: button holes in the said "fly" part instead of sewing the buttons on to
such part. The opposite "fly" part is formed with button holes for
connecting the two parts of the "fly" together in the usual way.
Those parts of the aforesaid piece of holland which proceed right and
left of the upright part thereof we form sufficiently long to pass round
the waist of a person's body, and cach of these parts wo pass by their
ends through slits or openings mado or left in the side scams of the
trousers, also through loops fixed to the back part of the trousers. We
also fix a buckle on one end of the aforesaid piece of holland, and by
these means fasten the two ends of the holland together, and thus
securely fix the trousers on the body of the wearer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY. FOR TREATING CHINA GRASS AND OTHER SIMILAR FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Whitehead at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
January 1871.
I, THOMAS WHITEHEAD, of Holbeck, in the Parish of Leeds, in the
County of York, a Partner in the Firm of Taylor, Wordsworth, and
Company; of the same Place, Machine and Tool Makers, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY.
FOR TREATING CHINA GRASS AND OTHER SIMILAR FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as
follows:-
My improvements consist in cleansing the fibre of China grass or
similar fibrous substances from superfluous matters by feeding it on to
a feed board, which is carried forward betwixt coarsely fluted pressing
rollers at a slow speed, and having a reverse motion, and thence betwixt
a series of quickly revolving intersecting beaters, water or steam being
allowed to flow freely on to the material operated on. After having fed

page_text: the grass half its length through the machine the feeders are reversed to
bring the China grass or other fibrous material back again that it may
be reversed and the other half length of the fibre operated on in a
similar manner.
A NEW OR IMPROVED SOLUTION FOR TREATING PULP USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Paterson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd April
1871.
I, JOHN PATERSON, of Linlithgow, in the County of Linlithgow,
North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of
"A NEW OR IMPROVED SOLUTION FOR TREATING PULP USED IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF PAPER," to be as follows, that is to say :—
This Invention, which relates to a new or improved solution for
treating the several kinds of pulp out of or from which paper is manu-
factured, consists in the employments of the said solution for rendering
the pulp fit to be operated upon by the bleaching liquor, so as to effect
a considerable saving in the quantity of bleaching liquor required to
be used.
The solution herein referred to consists of tan, or bark, or valonia,
shumac, or catechu, otherwise known as terra japonica, dissolved in
boiling water. The proportions of either of these substances and of
the water used to form the solution which is found to succeed in practice
is a quarter of a pound weight to each gallon of water. In using the
solution it is added to the pulp as soon as the latter is placed in the

page_text: engine in the proportion of a fourth part of a gallon to each hundred-
weight of pulp, and when sufficient time has been allowed for the
reaction of the solution upon the impurities in the pulp the working
is proceeded with as usual.
It is to be understood that although the proportions of the ingredients 5
constituting the solution as well as the proportion of the solution
employed herein-before referred to are found to succeed in practice, yet
other and different proportions may be used according to the nature of
the pulp under treatment.
Im- PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Swift at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th July
1871.
I, JOHN SWIFT, of Ashton-le-Willows, in the County of Lancaster,
Spinner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING," to be as follows:-
This improved machinery unites the advantages of the mule and the
throstle, that is to say, the yarn is stretched during the operations of
spinning and winding on, as in the mule, and the production is or may
be continuous as in throstles.
In my improved machinery the yarn in passing from the drawing
rollers to the spindles is taken over a rod, roller, or creel supported in
vibrating arms or other movable bearings actuated by balance weights
or by gearing connected to the driving power; by this means the yarn
is deflected from the straight line in passing from the rollers to the
spindles. The spindles revolve in stationary bearings or in bearings
that are connected to a swing frame so as to vary the angle of the
spindle according to the position of the yarn as it is delivered to the

page_text: spindle. The copping motion for distributing the yarn on the spindles
is very similar to that of an ordinary self-acting mule. The drawing
rollers and the machinery for driving the spindles may be similar to
that of a throstle or of a mule.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER PULP
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Miller and John Miller
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 18th March 1871.
We, ROBERT MILLER, Merchant, of Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, North Brițain, and JOHN MILLER, of the Carron Paper Works,
Denny, in the County of Stirling, North Britain, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
PAPER PULP," to be as follows:
This Invention relates in part to the application for making paper
pulp of abundant and cheap materials not hitherto used for that
purpose, and in part to improved processes for preparing or treating
the said materials, and which are also applicable to other materials
for making paper pulp.
The Invention consists in making paper pulp from the pods or
capsules of the cotton plant after the bulk of the cotton has been
picked from them, also from what are known as "cotton siftings,"
and are obtained in the primary process of cleaning cotton..

page_text: The materials having been cleaned, if necessary, by apparatus such as
is used for cleaning rags, waste, esparto grass, and other paper materials,
are boiled by preference under a pressure of about seven pounds per
square inch above the atmosphere in a solution of caustic soda, with
about seventeen pounds of soda to every hundredweight of material.
This operation is to be conducted in either a revolving or stationary
boiler of any convenient well-known kind, but instead of transferring
the materials from such boiler to other apparatus for some of the sub-
sequent operations, as is ordinarily practised, they are retained therein
whilst being washed and bleached. The washing is by preference
effected by passing the water through the boiler under pressure, and
with the aid of heat conveniently applied by injecting steam; after the
impurities loosened by the soda are washed away the usual bleaching
liquor is admitted to the materials in the boiler, and thereafter washed
out in a similar manner.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS OR LEVER COMBINATION APPLICABLE TO VARIOUS MACHINES FOR MULTIPLYING OR AUGMENTING THEIR POWER
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Maric Onesime Tamin
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 14th April 1871.
I, JEAN MARIE ONESIME TAMIN, Doctor of Medicine, of Paris,
France, and at present of Chancery Lanc, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
APPARATUS OR LEVER COMBINATION APPLICABLE TO VARIOUS MACHINES FOR
MULTIPLYING OR AUGMENTING THEIR POWER," to be as follows:-
The improved apparatus or combination of my Invention is intended
to transmit power in any machine to which it may be applied for the
purpose of increasing power of the machine, and is especially applicable
to machines in which an accumulation of power is required to be applied
at a given moment, as in a punching machine, for instance. It consists
of an arrangement of levers combined to form three sides of a quadri-
lateral figure, as illustrated in the annexed diagram. Suppose A, B, C, D,
Figure 1, to be the quadrilateral figure formed by the combination of
levers, two of which A, B, and C, D, are pivoted at points A and B and
jointed to lever B, E, at points B and C respectively. By applying power

page_text: to lever B, E, at point C or at any point in part C, E, a greatly increased
force will be obtained at a point in the length of lever A, B, and the
nearer the two parts B, C, C, D, approach a straight line the greater
will be the resulting power. One or more of these combinations may
also be coupled or made to act on another or a series of other like
combinations of similar or different proportions for increasing or multi-
plying the power produced at any given moment, or for obtaining a
constant augmentation of power.
In Figure 2 I have illustrated, by way of example, the application
of the improved combination of my Invention for transmitting and
increasing power in a punching machine. The levers F, G, H, are
mounted and combined as before described with reference to the
diagram before mentioned, as shown by the red lines in the Figure.
The portion G' of lever G is however bent outwards to suit the general
arrangement of the parts of this machine, but this portion of the lever
may be dispensed with if desired and power may be applied by a con-
necting rod operated from a cranked driving shaft either direct to the
point of connection C of F and G or to the extremity E of lever G which
may move in guides, as shown. In the present instance the power is
exerted on a punch L at a point in the length of lever H with gradually
increasing effect as the levers approach the position indicated by the
blue lines.
AN IMPROVED STOP MOTION FOR WARPING MACHINES
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Christopher Wilson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st July
1871. A communication from abroad by Paul Wilson and James
Hunter, both of Manchester, in the County of Hillsborough, State
of New Hampshire, America.
I, CHRISTOPHER WILSON, of Accrington, in the County of Lancaster,
Grocer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED STOP MOTION FOR WARPING MACHINES,” (a communication to me
from abroad by Paul Wilson and James Hunter, both of Manchester, in
the County of Hillsborough, State of New Hampshire, America), to be
as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in stop motions for warping
machines, and consists in the construction and arrangement of apparatus
for "throwing-off" the stop handle and strap fork operated by a wire
hook or
"detector" when a thread breaks, such detector entering a
groove cut in a revolving roller; and also in a new construction, use,
and employment of a friction ratchet wheel applied to the roller for
driving the warp beam used in conjunction with a holding pawl or

page_text: catch let fall on the said wheel at the time the stop handle is thrown
off, so as to arrest the motion of the beam as speedily as possible.
"
The warp threads pass over a slotted board or plate on passing from
the bobbins to the warp beam. Suspended by each thread is a hook or
wire hanging over a trough extending across the machine, having a
narrow slot or opening at the bottom; one side of the trough is pivotted
or hinged. When an "end'
or warp breaks, the wire detector falls to
the bottom of the said trough, and projecting therefrom is caught by the
groove in the revolving roller, the said wire being thus carried against
the pivotted or hinged side of the hopper forcing a crank against the
stop handle, which is thus thrown or moved outwards and the strap
transferred from the fast to the loose pulley and the motion on the
machine is arrested, the momentum after the belt is removed being
overcome by means of a friction ratchet wheel placed on the main shaft
(and a pawl or catch) consisting of two discs, an elastic ring, and
clamping bolts, the discs being keyed to the shaft, but capable of being
moved towards each other. This arrangement affords a ready means of
adjusting the said friction wheel, so that the momentum of the warp
roller may be more or less promptly overcome.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DIGGING POTATOES OR OTHER Roors
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Stodart at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st July
1871.
I, JOHN STODART, of the Firm of Law, Duncan, & Company, of
Shettleston, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Engineers, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR DIGGING POTATOES OR OTHER Roors," to be as follows, that is
to say :-
This Invention relates to potato or root digging apparatus of the
kind described in the Specification of Letters Patent granted to John
Hanson, and dated 30th July 1855 (No. 1732). In this apparatus, as
hitherto made, clutches have been fitted on the main axle or shaft in
connection with the carrying wheels for the purpose of disengaging
those wheels from the axle; but this arrangement has been found very
inconvenient in practice, and the present Invention consists in fitting
ratchet wheels and spring pawls on the axle in immediate connection
with the wheels, and in fitting the pinion on the shaft of the digging
blades, so as to slide on that shaft and be easily moved by a hand lever
into gear with or out of gear from the bevil wheel which drives it, or

page_text: an equivalent disengaging device may be applied to the driving bevil
wheel. With these improved arrangements the digging blades can be
thrown out of gear with great facility, whilst the application of the
ratchets to the wheels allows of one wheel moving independently of the
other when the apparatus is being turned about at the headlands of a 5
potato field.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF GENERATING HEAT FOR HEATING REVERBERATORY AND OTHER FURNACES, MORE PARTICULARLY ZINC FURNACES, AND FOR HEATING STEAM GENERATORS, to be as follows
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th November 1871.-A communication from abroad by Jules
Hauzeur, Director-General of the Royal Asturian Company of
Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF GENERATING HEAT
FOR HEATING REVERBERATORY AND OTHER FURNACES, MORE PARTICULARLY ZINC
FURNACES, AND FOR HEATING STEAM GENERATORS, to be as follows :-
"
The object of this Invention is to economize fuel and at the same time
obtain a regular and constant heat of great intensity and a long flame,
which will be particularly applicable for heating zinc furnaces containing
a number of retorts placed one above the other.
The fuel to be consumed is reduced to a finely divided state, and is
placed in a hopper, from which it is discharged in a constant and uniform
manner by means of an Archimedean screw, or other convenient and

page_text: suitable feeding device. From the hopper the pulverized fuel falls into
a vertical chamber containing an atmosphere of hot air whereby the solid
fuel is converted into combustible gases. A further supply of beated air
will convert these combustible gases into flame and great heat will be
evolved. The flame and heat thus produced is carried forward and made
to pass between and around the zinc retorts, which are arranged on both
sides of the gas generating chamber, and will be heated thereby. The
cooled and unconsumed gases will ultimately escape into the chimney
or chimnies, and any dust and solid matters resulting from the decompo-
sition of the fuel will fall down into a space or well at the bottom of the
apparatus, and may be removed therefrom from time to time as may be
required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WOOD AND IRON FENCING
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Mortlock and Joseph
Newton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 15th March 1871.
We, THOMAS MORTLOCK, of South Hackney, in the County of
Middlesex, and JOSEPH NEWTON, of Harlow, in the County of Essex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for" IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WOOD AND IRON FENCING;" to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in constructing the standards of iron fencing
and the posts of wood fencing in a novel and improved manner, for
the purpose of affording a better hold thereof in the ground, and also
for arresting the decay of old wooden posts and preventing the decay
of new ones at those parts where decay usually takes place, namely,
at the surface of the ground which surrounds the post, and thereby
causes lodgment of water which rots the wood at that part.
The following are examples of the manner of constructing the
standards and posts of iron and wood fencing according to this Inven-
tion: First, as regards iron standards, we form that part thereof that is
intended to be driven into the ground tapering downwards to a point;

page_text: either square, round, or other shape, and instead of leaving the said
tapered part smooth or level on its sides or surface we make a groove
or recess in each side in the direction of its length, and form similar
grooves or recesses in the aforesaid round taper part for the purpose of
giving such part better hold in the ground as above stated. And for the
standards of wood fencing we make a socket at the top of the aforesaid
taper part, and into this socket we fix a wooden post, taking care to make
that part thereof where the iron and wood meet and which is exposed to
the weather water-tight by any suitable means. This method applies
more particularly to new wooden posts; for old or existing wooden posts
we propose to fix metal clamp around the post, one part of the .clamp
being below the surface of the ground and the other part above the
surface, this latter part being made water-tight, as before stated ; we
form the said clamp in two parts, covering each other at their ends, so
as to leave the surfaces of such meeting parts flush on the outside, and ]
we connect and fix each half of the said clamp to the post by screws
or by other convenient means.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR SEPARATING MOLASSES FROM SUGAR
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Phineas Abraham at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st July
1871. A communication from abroad by Daniel Abraham, of
Kingston, Jamaica.
I, PHINEAS ABRAHAM, of the City of London, West India Merchant,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR SEPARATING MOLASSES FROM SUGAR," to be as follows:-
This apparatus or machinery is constructed in manner following:-
No. 1, a chest with perforated bottom to be covered over with strong
and fine gauze wire, and having rings at the side. This is the sugar
chest, and fits into another or No. 2 chest, which may be four feet
across and four feet deep, and at about eleven inches from the bottom
of the said No. 2 chest there is a support or several brackets to support
the sugar chest, thus leaving space for the deposit of the molasses or
drainings from the sugar chest. At the bottom of said No. 2 chest is
the pipe for drawing off the drainings from the sugar, to be made with
a valve or screw cap to permit it flowing freely, and it will be well to
have an incline to lead to the pipe. A pipe from the air pump enters

page_text: in the centre or other convenient part, and is, if need be, protected by
a crown or covering as well as fine gauze wire to prevent the liquid
being drawn into the pump. The inner chest is to be sunk (half an
inch, for instance,) into the large chest, and the lid is to be made
perfectly close fitting. A crane is provided for lifting the sugar chest
to discharge the sugar after leaving. The motive power for working the
pump and crane is steam or other prime mover.
In working this apparatus or mechanism the sugar is to be taken
from the coolers and put into the sugar chest, the lid being carefully
fitted on, the air pump is then put in motion, when the molasses and
moisture in the sugar will be drawn through with the air and deposited
in the space at the bottom of the sugar chest. If necessary the process
can be repeated, and by covering the sugar with a layer of good clear
sugar made into a paste, sugar will be obtained far superior to the clayed
sugar exported from Cuba.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING SEWAGE
Year: 1871

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Beckett and John James
Cam at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 10th August 1871.
We, JAMES BECKETT and JOHN JAMES CAM, both of Worcester, in the
County of Worcester, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING SEWAGE," to be as follows,
(that is to say) :-
The object of this Invention in the first instance is to remove the
solid matter so far as commercially practical, and afterwards to evaporate
the aqueos matter or such portions thereof as may be deemed desirable
in an economical manner. It is proposed to accomplish this end by
causing the sewage in the first instance to fall into a tank, which is
subdivided by vertical transverse diaphrams, so arranged that the sewage
descending and ascending over each alternate diaphram and passing
through filtering beds of lime, gravel, or other suitable materials, by
which arrangement the most of the solid parts of the matter contained
in solution are trapped, after which the water is conveyed into a large
tank or reservoir to allow any remaining solid matter to be deposited in
the bottom thercof, after which the watery matter is conveyed through

page_text: a circular or other suitable shaped boiler or evaporater attached to and
partaking of the contour of a lime kiln having a number of vertical
tubes, through which passes the products of combustion arrising from
the burning of the lime. The vapour arrising from the evaporation of
the water is conveyed by suitable pipes or passages into a brook or river,
by which means it is converted into pure water and polluteth not the
stream.
In some cases it may be found advantageous as well as economical
on withdrawing the semi-solid matter from the boilers to further dry the
same by an arrangement of drying kilns, heated or partially heated by
any free or additional waste heat arrising from the calcination of the
lime, that the said matter may be the more conveniently removed and
the lime may be used as a deodorizer.