IMPROVEMENTS IN CLOD CRUSHERS AND CHAIN HARROWS
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Colborne Cambridge, of Bristol, in the
County of Gloucester, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CLOD
CRUSHERS AND CHAIN HARROWS,"
Sealed the 10th April 1866, and dated the 12th October 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Colborne
Cambridge at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 12th October 1865.
I, WILLIAM COLBORNE CAMBRIDGE, of Bristol, in the County of
Gloucester, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CLOD CRUSHERS AND CHAIN HARROWS," to be as follows :-
My Invention, in the first place, relates to the form, shape, and construc-
tion of wheels for clod crushers, the exterior of which are to be made with
projecting points or teeth, say about 1 deep and about 2 inches in length,
placed at such a distance apart from each other as may be found to act best
against the clods or lumps of earth with which they may come in contact.
The front part of the teeth are to be made with a thin bevelled edge so as
easily to cut or penetrate and break the clods, leaving the surface of the
land over which it has passed completely pulverized and fit for sowing or
drilling. Every other wheel.can be made a little larger in diameter, which
will give it a self-cleaning action.
My Invention, in the second place, consists in the substitution of points
or tines in the place of the working parts or links that are placed across

page_text: chain harrows, so arranged that each tine and working link will take a
different line of action; but I prefer to use the ordinary working link
running from front to back of the harrow. By this arrangement the tine
chain harrows will be much more perfect and effectual in their action. I
do not confine myself to any size, length, shape, or form of tines or links,
but use such as will best answer the nature of the soil for which they are
intended. Harrows so constructed, and drawn by more than one horse,
will work better when two or three harrows are coupled together. I
propose doing this by means of two long links fixed on two of the spreaders
of one harrow, connected with two hooks or joints fixed on two spreaders
of the opposite harrow, or one in the whippletree of the one harrow and
the other in the spreader of the other harrow, or one link fixed to the
whippletree, the other to the spreader, with hooks or joints fixed to corre-
sponding parts of the other harrow. When so coupled they will be lighter
in draft and more perfect in the working.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Colborne Cambridge in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 12th April 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
COLBORNE CAMBRIDGE, of Bristol, in the County of Gloucester, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twelfth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-ninth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said William Colborne Cambridge, Her special licence that I, the
said William Colborne Cambridge, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said-William Colborne Cambridge, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CLOD
CRUSHERS AND CHAIN HARROWS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said William Colborne Cambridge, my executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and

page_text: seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filled in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Colborne Cambridge, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
My Invention, in the first place, relates to the form, shape, and construc-
tion of wheels for clod crushers, the exterior of which are to be made with
projecting points or teeth, say about 1" deep and about two inches in
length, placed at such a distance apart from each other as may be found
to act best against the clods or lumps of earth with which they may come
in contact. The teeth are to be made with thin bevelled edges, so as
easily to cut or penetrate and break the clods, leaving the surface of the
land over which it has passed completely pulverized and fit for sowing or
drilling. Every other wheel can be made a little larger in diameter, which
will give it a self-cleaning action.
My Invention, in the second place, consists in the substitution of points
or tines in the place of the working parts or links that are placed across
chain harrows, so arranged that each tine and working link will take a
different line of action; but I prefer to use the ordinary working link
running from front to back of the harrow. By this arrangement the tine
chain harrows will be much more perfect and effectual in their action. I
do not confine myself to any size, length, shape, or form of tine or links,
but use such as will best answer the nature of the soil for which they are
intended. Harrows so constructed, and drawn by more than one horse, will
work better when two or three harrows are coupled together. I propose
doing this by means of two long links fixed on two of the spreaders of one
harrow, connected with two hooks or joints fixed on two spreaders of the
opposite harrow, or one in the whippletree of the one harrow and the
other in the spreader of the other harrow, or one link fixed to the whipple-
tree and the other in the spreader, with hooks or joints fixed to
corresponding parts of the other harrow. This will be understood on
reference to the Drawing. When so coupled they will be lighter in draft
and more perfect in the working.
Having thus far explained the nature of my Invention, I shall proceed
to describe it more particularly, and in order thereto shall refer to the

page_text: accompanying Sheet of Drawings, and to the letters and figures of reference
marked thereon.
Fig. 1 exhibits a front view of one of my improved wheels for clod
crushers, furnished, as I have specified, with the projecting points
marked A, A, &c., the same being bevelled off on both sides so as to
present cutting edges both front and back. The bevel on one side only is
seen in the Figure.
Fig. 2 refers to the second portion of my Invention, and illustrates my
improvements in chain harrows. Chain harrows, as ordinarily constructed,
äre furnished with links at B, B, &c., similar in shape to those of C, C, &c.
In place of these, however, I insert links of the shape shown in Fig. 3.
The tine D being placed either in the centre, as shown at D, D, &c.,
Fig. 3, or at the side, as at E, E, Fig. 3a, so that each tine takes a
different line of action. The said tine is constructed of the shape in
section shown at 36, with the sharp edge towards the front.
Having now fully described the nature and object of my Invention to
be protected by Her Majesty's Letters Patent, I claim the particular
Improvements in Clod Crushers and Chain Harrows" set forth and
illustrated in this my Specification, with the shape or form of iron for these
or other chain harrows.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Colborne Cambridge, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Tenth day of April, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
Witness,
WILLIAM COLBORNE CAMBRIDGE. (L.S.)
JOHN REYNOLDS,
Tucker Street,
Bristol.