Improvements in Gas and Hydrocarbon Engines or Motors.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 2nd June, 1894
Complete Specification Left, 15th Feb., 1895-Accepted, 16th Mar., 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Gas and Hydrocarbon Engines or Motors.
1, FRITZ HENRIOD-SCHWEIZER, Manufacturer, of Bienne, Switzerland, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:
The invention relates to an improved petroleum motor which is so constructed
that it may be operated by gas when desired.
The said motor is very suitable for driving carriages.
In the accompanying drawings,
Figure 1 is a plan-view partly in section of my improved motor with parts
removed.
Figure 2 is a plan view of a portion of the same machine which is cut away in
Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a vertical section on the line -y of part of the machine as shown
in, Figure 1.
Figure 4 is a vertial section on the line y-z Figure 1.
:
The Figures 5, 6 and 7 are diagrams illustrating the working of the motor.
Like letters indicate corresponding parts throughout the drawings.
The base A is provided with a frame A¹ on which are mounted the bearings of
the main shaft D and the cylinder B. The latter is, as shown in Figure 4, open
at the front and surrounded by a sheet metal casing or jacket B'. The head or
cover B2 of the cylinder is provided with a central tube B' which serves both as
inlet and outlet, no radial openings or passages being provided in the walls of the
cylinder.
The casing or jacket B' is exactly fitted over a conical flange b of the cylinder B
and is firmly maintained in its place by means of an inwardly projecting flange or
rim b' against which bears the cylinder-cover or head B2. The said casing or jacket
is provided with a water-inlet and water-outlet 6 whereby a stream of cold water.
may be circulated in the said jacket.
:
The object of this construction is to avoid the use of the flanges or other
projections which are usually employed between the inner and outer walls of
cylinders when the casing or jacket of the same is made of cast iron. Such
flanges or other projections cause the inner wall of the cylinders to be irregularly
dilated by heat which in its turn causes the said inner wall to be irregularly
worn by the piston and to necessitate the use of very strong springs around said
piston which involves a loss of power. The above described construction of
the cylinder-jacket or casing has moreover the advantage of being very light,
which is of great importance if the motor is to be used for the driving of
carriages.
C is the piston which is connected to the crank of the main shaft D by means of
a connecting-ród E.
On the main shaft D is mounted a fly-wheel F, a centrifugal regulator G anla
gear-wheel H which drives continuously the wheel I fixed on an intermediate
shaft upon which is fixed a disc 12 provided with an eccentric projection 1*.
J (Figure 3) is the rod of the exhaust-valve J which separates the interior
of the chamber K into two parts K and K. The spaces K' and K' are
connected to the above mentioned passage B³, the space K² being moreover
connected to the exhaust-pipe L.(Figure 1). The rod J is provided with a
passage which connects the inlet pipe M with the distributing cylinder N when
the valve J is closed..

page_text: As shown in Figure 3 the rod J' shuts this connection when the valve .J is open.
The outer end of the rod J' bears a forked head J' in which is fixed the pivot j³ of a
connecting-rod J3 which moves in a slide O, fixed to the cylinder and guides the
same in the vertical sense leaving it free to oscillate horizontally. The end of the
connecting rod J³ bears a roller J' which bears either upon the disc 12 or upon
the eccentric 13 according to the position in which the rod J³ is placed by the
lever R which will be described below.
A spring presses the rod J¹ from right to left and maintains the roller J* of
the rod bearing against the eccentric 13. tending thus to shut the valve J as soon
as the said eccentric allows it.
The double armed lever R is suspended to a bearing Q, indicated by dotted
lines in Figure 1, and has one of its ends provided with a pin R' engaging the
groove of the collar G¹ of the centrifugal regulator. The other end of the
lever R bears a projection R2 engaging a slot of the rod J³. Thus it appears that
every axial movement of the collar G' causes the rod J³ to be horizontally
oscillated, that is to say: causes the roller J* to be displaced with regard to the
eccentric I³.
The lever R bears a vertical arm r through which passes a rod ¹ the tapered end of
which is screwed into a bearing o fixed to the slide O. Between the vertical arm rand
the collar of the screw there is provided a spring acting upon the lever R in
an opposite direction to the spring G2 of the regulator. By screwing or unscrewing
the screw one may vary at will the tension of the said spring and thereby vary.
the normal speed which the centrifugal regulator tends to maintain whilst the motor
is in motion.
The rod bears, near the head J2 an arm J which serves to act upon the
distributing piston P. The latter is only used when the motor is working with
petroleum, when the motor works with gas the piston P is simply put out
of action by retracting the same by means of the screw-nut P¹. The latter is
acted upon by means of a spring P' which tends to retract the piston P out of
the cylinder N.
When the valve J is shut the arm Je is not in contact with the screw-nut P¹ but
when the rod J¹ has fulfilled half of its stroke in the sense of the opening of the
valve J, the said arm Je meets the screw-nut P¹ and presses the piston P into its
cylinder N, compressing the spring P².
The cylinder N is provided with a vertical tube U in communication with the
tank V containing the petroleum. In cases where the motor is to be acted upon by
gas the tube U is replaced by a suitable pipe connecting the cylinder N with the
space T of the valve-chest T. The piston P being at same time put out of
action as above specified, the gas then penetrates directly from, the pipe M through
the cylinder N into the space T'.
If the motor is operated by means of petroleum the latter is supplied by the
pipe M to the cylinder N and rises from there into the tube U up to the level of
the petroleum contained in the tank V; thus the cylinder N is always filled with
petroleum. The piston P being then pressed into said cylinder N as above stated
by means of the arm Je of the rod J₁, it forces part of the petroleum contained in
the cylinder N into the delivery-passage N₁ of the latter. The said passage N' is
connected to a valve-box N2 having a valve N³ with spring N. The valve-box N
is connected by means of a pipe X to a chamber Y containing a valve Y₁ fixed to
the outer end of the ignition-tube 63 which is directly connected to the above-
mentioned central passage B³ of the cylinder B. When the petroleum is pumped
as above stated into the passage N¹ by the piston P the valve N2 opens itself and
closes again as soon as the piston P is retracted. The petroleum pumped into
the passage N' falls into the box Y and is sucked from there through the
incandescent tube & into the cylinder B by the action of the working piston C,
which causes the opening of the valve Y¹. By traversing the incandescent tube b
the petroleum is gasified and ignited.
By means of the screw-nut P the quantity of petroleum which is pumped

page_text: into the canal N' and box Y by each stroke of the piston P may be regulated
at will.
The valve-chest T, which is fixed on the above mentioned passage B³ contains
a double-seated valve T2 T3 which is pressed upon its seats by means of an adjust-
able spring T. The portion T2 of the said double valve separates the chamber T
from an upper chamber T which is provided with holes through which the
external air may enter said chamber To. The valve T³ separates the said chamber T'
from the tube B3 which is directly connected to the cylinder B and to the ignition
tube 3 the latter being maintained incandescent by incans of any suitable source
of heat.
When the piston C moves in the direction of the arrow shown in Figure 4 the
suction produced by the same opens the double-seated valve T T and causes a
certain quantity of air to enter the tube B³ through the holes and the chamber T¹,
if the motor works with gas the said suction causes at the same time a certain
quantity of gas to flow from the chamber T¹ into the said tube B3; if the motor
works with petroleum the said suction causes a certain quantity of petroleum
contained in the chamber Y to flow together with the air entering through the
holes and the valves T T³, into the tube B3 and into the incandescent tube /
where it is gasified.
The operation of my improved motor is as follows:-
Whilst the crank pin of the main shaft D of the motor rotates from the
point 3 of the diagram, Figure 5 to the point 4 the eccentric I³ opens the
valve J (as shown in Figure 6) and causes at same time a small quantity
of petroleum to be forced into the chamber Y. Whilst the said crank pin
rotates from the point 4 to the point 1 the valve J is shut again under the
combined action of its spring and of the eccentric 1*; whilst the crank pin
rotates from 1 to 3 the double valve T2 T3 opens (as shown in Figure 7) the
explosive mixture is drawn into the cylir ler, then, during the further rotation of
the crank pin from 3 to 1 the said explos. ve mixture is compressed and it explodes
when the crank pin reaches the point 1, driving the piston C forward and imparting
a new impulse to the motor. The motion of the crank pin from point 3 to point 4
is caused by means of the fly-wheel F. After which the above-described operations
are repeated.
a 'horizontal one it
is to be well understood that it may also be arranged in any other position
Although the motor has been described and shown as
whatever.
It is obvious that my improved motor may be somewhat further modified without
departing from the nature of my said invention.
Dated this 2nd day of June 1894.
D. YOUNG. & Co.,
11 & 12, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.
I, FRITZ HENRIOD-SCHWEIZER, Manufacturer, of Bienne, Switzerland, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
This invention relates to an improved petroleum motor which is so constructed
that it may be operated by gas when desired.
The said motor is very suitable for driving carriage

page_text: Keferring to the drawings filed with my Provisional Specification
Figure is a plan or top view partly in section of my improved motor some of
the parts being removed.
Figure 2 is a plan or top view of a portion of the same machine which is cut
away in Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a vertical section on the line x-y of part of the machine shown in
Figure 1.
Figure 4 is a vertical section on the line y-z Figure 1.
Figures 5, 6 and 7 are diagrams illustrating the working of the motor.
In the drawing filed herewith:-
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section, and
Figure 2 a transverse section, of a portion of my improved motor, illustrating
a modified form thereof.
Like letters indicate corresponding parts throughout the drawings.
The base A is provided with a frame A¹ on which are mounted the bearings of
the main-shaft D and the cylinder B. The latter is, as shown in Figure 4, open
at the front and surrounded by a sheet-metal-casing or jacket B. The head or
cover B2 of the cylinder is provided with a central tube B³ which serves both as
inlet and outlet, no radial openings or passages being provided in the walls of the
cylinder.
The casing or jacket B' is exactly fitted over a conical flange b of the
cylinder B and is firmly maintained in its place by means of an inwardly
projecting flange or rim against which bears the cylinder-cover or head B.
The said casing or jacket is provided with a water-inlet 6 and a water-
outlet whereby a stream of cold water may be circulated through the said
jacket.
The object of this construction is to avoid the use of the flanges or other
projections which are usually employed between the inner and outer walls of
cylinders when the casing or jacket of the saine is made of cast iron. Such
flanges or other projections cause the inner wall of the cylinders to be irregularly
dilated or expanded by heat which in its turn causes the said inner wall to be.
irregularly worn by the piston and necessitates the use of very strong springs
around the said piston which involves a loss of power. The above described
construction of the cylinder-jacket or casing has, moreover, the advantage of being
very light, which is of great importance if the motor is to be used for the driving
of carriages.
. C is the piston which is connected to the crank of the main-shaft D by means of
a connecting-rod E.
On the main-shaft D is mounted a fly-wheel F, a centrifugal regulator G and a
gear-wheel H which drives continuously the wheel I fixed on an intermediate
shaft 1, upon which is fixed a disc 12 provided with an excentric projection I³.
J (Figure 3) is the rod of the exhaust valve J which separates the interior of the
chamber K into two parts K¹ and K. The spaces K and K' are connected to
the above mentioned passage B³, the space K2 being moreover connected to the
exhaust-pipe L (Figure 1). The rod J₁ is provided with a passage which
connects the inlet-pipe M with the distributing-cylinder N when the valve J is
closed.
As shown in Figure 3 the rod J' shuts this connection when the valve J is
open. The outer end of the rod J¹ bears a forked head J in which is fixed the
pivot of a connecting-rod J³ which moves in a slide fixed to the cylinder
and guides the same in a vertical direction, leaving it free to oscillate horizontally.
The end of the connecting-rod J³ is provided with a roller J which bears either
upon the disc 1' or upon the excentric 13 according to the position in which the
rod J is placed by the lever R, hereinafter described.
:
A spring J presses the rod J' from right to left and maintains the roller J
of the rod J bearing against the excentric 1', tending thus to shut the valve J
as soon it is allowed to do so by the said excentric.

page_text: The double-armed lever R is suspended to a bearing Q, indicated by dotted
lines in Figure 1, and has one of its ends provided with a pin R engaging in the
groove g of the collar G₁ of the centrifugal regulator. The other end of the
lever R bears a projection R engaging in a slot of the rod J. Thus every
axial movement of the collar G₁ causes the rod J³ to be horizontally oscillated,
that is to say, causes the roller J' to be displaced with regard to the excentric I³.
The lever R bears a vertical arm r, Figure 2, through which passes' a rod r¹,
the tapered end of which is screwed into a bearing o fixed to the slide O.
Between the vertical arm r and the collar 2 of the screw there is provided a
spring acting upon the lever R in an opposite direction to the spring G² of
the regulator. By screwing or unscrewing the screw one may vary at will
the tension of the said spring and thereby vary or regulate the normal speed
which the centrifugal regulator tends to maintain whilst the motor is in motion.
The rod J' bears, near the head J, an arm J which acts upon the distributing
piston P. The latter is only used when the motor is working with petroleum ;
when the motor works with gas, the piston P is simply put out of action by
retracting the same by means of the screw-nut P'. The latter is acted upon by
means of a spring P2 which tends to retract the piston P out of the cylinder N.
When the valve J is shut, the arm J' is not in contact with the screw-nut P¹,
but, when the rod J' has performed one half of its stroke in the direction
necessary to effect the opening of the valve J, the said arm J' meets the screw-
nut P and presses the piston P into its cylinder N, compressing the spring P.
The cylinder N is provided with a vertical tube U in communication with the
tank V containing the petroleum. In cases where the motor is to be acted upon
by gas the tube U is replaced by a suitable pipe connecting the cylinder N with
the space T of the valve-chest T. The piston P being at the same time put out
of action as above specified, the gas then penetrates directly from the pipe M
through the cylinder N into the space T¹.
If the motor is operated by means of petroleum the latter is supplied by the
pipe M to the cylinder N and rises from there into the tube U up to the level of
the petroleum contained in the tank V; thus the cylinder N is always filled with
petroleum. The piston P being then pressed into the said cylinder N as above
stated by means of the arm J of the rod J' it forces part of the petroleum :
contained in the cylinder N into the delivery-passage N' of the latter. The said
passage N' is connected to a valve-box N2 having a valve N³ provided with a
spring N. The valve-box N is connected by means of a pipe X to a chamber Y
containing a valve Y₁ fixed to the outer end of the ignition tube 63 which is
directly connected to the above-mentioned central passage B³ of the cylinder B..
When the petroleum is pumped as above stated into the passage N¹ by the
piston P, the valve N³ opens automatically and it closes again as soon as the.
piston P is retracted. The petroleum pumped into the passage N¹ falls into
the box Y and is sucked from there through the incandescent tube 3 into the
cylinder B by the action of the working piston C, which causes the opening of
the valve Y By traversing the incandescent tube 3, the petroleum is vaporized.
or gasified and ignited.
By means of the screw-nut P the quantity of petroleum which is pumped into
the passage N' and box Y by each stroke of the piston P may be regulated at
will.
The valve chest T, which is fixed on the above-mentioned passage B³ contains
a double-seated valve T T which is pressed upon its seats by means of an
adjustable spring T. The portion T2 of the said double valve separates the
chamber T from an upper chamber To which is provided with holes to through
which the external air may enter said chamber T. The valve T3 separates the said
chamber T' from the tube B3 which is directly connected to the cylinder B and
to the ignition tube 63, the latter being maintained incandescent by means of any,
suitable source of heat.
When the piston C moves in the direction of the arrow shown in Figure 4 the
J

page_text: suction produced by the same opens the double-seated valve T2 T3 and causes a
certain quantity of air to enter the tube B³ through the holes and the
chamber T; if the motor works with gas the said suction causes at the same
time a certain quantity of gas to flow from the chamber T¹ into the said
tube B; if the motor works with petroleum the said suction causes a certain
quantity of petroleum contained in the chamber Y to flow together with the air
entering through the holes and the valves T T³, into the tube B3 and into
the incandescent tube 83 where it is vaporised or gasified..
The operation of my improved motor is as follows:-
Whilst the crank pin of the main shaft D of the motor rotates from the point 3
of the diagram, Figure 5, to the point_4, the eccentric 13 opens the valve J (as
shown in Figure 6) and at same time causes a small quantity of petroleum to be
forced into the chamber Y. Whilst the said crank pin rotates from the point 4 to
the point 1, the valve J is shut again under the combined action of its spring and
of the eccentric 13; whilst the crank pin rotates from 1 to 3, the double valve TT³
opens (as shown in Figure 7) and the explosive mixture is drawn into the
cylinder during the further rotation of the crank pin from 3 to 1, the said explosive
mixture is compressed and it explodes when the crank pin reaches the point 1,
driving the piston C forward and imparting a new impulse to the motor.
motion of the crank pin from point 3 to point 4 is caused by means of the flywheel F.
The above-described operations are then repeated.
The
For regulating the amount of petroleum drawn in at each stroke of the piston
for vaporization or gasification I sometimes employ the modification shown in
Figures 1 and 2 bis
In this arrangement the petroleum is supplied from a suitable tank through a
pipe S to the circular groove to provided in the rod t of the valve T2 sliding in
the tubular bearing or guide to (Figure 1bis). The tubular bearing or guide is
conical at its lower end and serves as a seat for the conical part 2 of the valve T.
The conical part 1 of the said valve is the air-admission-valve and the valve T
may be dispensed with when the motor is not to be used with gas.
As soon as the petroleum and air are drawn in, the valve T2 opens, the petroleum
contained in the circular groove t8 is introduced into the tube B³ and the rod t' at
the same time closes the tube S₁ so that only that amount of petroleum is
introduced which was contained in the groove t, this effecting a considerable
economy in the use of the petroleum and, at same time, avoiding the danger of
explosion.
A further improvement consists in using a rod to having circular projections 10,
which by its contact with the exhaust-gases, is rendered incandescent after a few
strokes and explosions and thus permits the lamp, for heating the tube 6³, to be
extinguished.
"
Although the motor has been described and shown as a horizontal one it will
be readily understood that it may also be arranged in any other suitable
position..
It is obvious that my improved motor may be somewhat further modified without
departing from the nature of my said invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is:
1. In a petroleum or gas motor, a working-cylinder B having a jacket or
casing B₁ consisting of a cylinder of sheet metal fitted upon a conical flange b
and fixed by means of a flange or rim substantially as shown and described.
2. In a petroleum or gas motor, an exhaust-valve J, the rod J¹ of which has a
hole and bears an arm Je acting upon a distributing-piston P, in combination
with a rod J3 bearing a roller J', an excentric 13 and a rod R, displacing the said
roller J with respect to the said excentric 13 under the action of a centrifugal
regulator, substantially as shown and described.

page_text: 3. The cylinder B, the head or end of which is provided with a central
tube B³ connected with a double-seated admission-valve T2 T3, with the exhaust L
and with an incandescent tube 63, substantially as shown and described.
4. The arm of the lever R in combination with a rod r¹ and spring r¹, as, and
for the purpose, specified.
3. The petroleum-distributing piston P in combination with the valves N
and Y' and with an incandescent tube 63, substantially as, and for the purpose,
specified.
6. The improved petroleum or gas motor constructed substantially as described
with reference to Figures 1 to 7, or to Figures 1 and 2, and operating as
above specified.
15th day of Februar 1895
D. YOUNG & Co.,
11 & 12, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.