IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR ROLLING METALLIC BARS, RODS, WIRES, ETC., of VARIOUS SECTIONS
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edwin Ambrose Brydges, of the Firm of Brydges and
Co., Patent Agents, of 32, Belle Alliance Strasse, in the City of Berlin, in the
German Empire, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR
ROLLING METALLIC BARS, RODS, WIRES, ETC., of VARIOUS SECTIONS."
communication by the Menden and Schwerte "Eisenindustrie" Company, in
Schwerte in the Empire of Germany.
A
Sealed the 2nd April 1880, and dated the 3rd October 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edwin Ambrose Brydges at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd October 1879.
EDWIN AMBROSE BRYDGES, of the Firm of Brydges and Co., Patent Agents, of
32, Belle Alliance Strasse, in the City of Berlin, in the German Empire. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR ROLLING METALLIC BARS, RODS, WIRES, ETC., OF
VARIOUS SECTIONS." [A communication by the Menden and Schwerte "Eisen-
industrie" Company, in Schwerte, in the Empire of Germamy.]
The object of this Invention is to produce bars, rods, plates, wire, etc., of square,
oblong, round, oval, or other desired section, from a heated bar or rod of iron or
steel at one single pass through the machine or in one operation, whereby the size
and form of the objects made vary according to the size and form of the rods or
bars and the rolls used.
The machine constructed according to this Invention consists of three divisions
or series of rolls, id est, the primary or preparatory rolls, the medium or central
rolls, and the finishing rolls.
The preparatory rolls or series of rolls are about 9 feet apart from the central
rolls or series of rolls, whereas the finishing rolls are about 30 feet apart from the
central or series of rolls.
The distances between the rolls or series of rolls, which I term rolls in the
following Specification for shortness sake, can be varied according to requirements.
The finishing rolls are so arranged and situated as is customary in rolling mills,
whereas the preparatory and central rolls are placed in a long frame and consist of
a series of horizontal and vertical rolls arranged in pairs at given distances from
each other.
Each pair of preparatory rolls, vertical as well as horizontal, are plain faced;
the rolls in the central division or compartment are also plain faced, with the

page_text: exception of the last pair of horizontal rolls, which are turned to a suitable form for
iron of square or other desired section.
The finishing rolls consist of a single pair of rolls of like form with the section of
the rod, bar, wire, etc., to be formed.
The horizontal and vertical rolls of the preparatory and central rolls are provided
with a series of guides which extend from one pair of horizontal rolls to the next
and through between the intermediate pair of vertical rolls.
Each and every pair of rolls is in connection with the principal motive power
and for this purpose provided with suitable gearing or belting and drums, bearing
blocks, adjusting screws, etc.
The gearing for the vertical rolls must be adjustable, as is customary in universal
rolling mills.
In the preparatory and central series of rolls the first and last pair of rolls are
generally placed in a horizontal position. Vertical and horizontal rolls in pairs and
like guides are added all in the same line of feed, making the horizontal and vertical
rolls. The upright frames or housings which carry the horizontal rolls are of
ordinary construction.
Any suitable form or construction of bearing blocks and adjusting screws can be
used.
These horizontal rolls are, as above mentioned, arranged in pairs at suitable
distances apart.
Between each two pairs of horizontal rolls is a horizontal guide.
Between the upright frames and supported by lugs or projections thereon aro
arranged horizontal frames or housings.
In these horizontal frames are the bearing blocks, in which are mounted a pair
of vertical rolls with adjusting screws.
The vertical rolls of the horizontal frames are plain faced, that is, they are
neither provided with grooves or collars so that they come in contact with the next
pair of rolls.
These vertical rolls are arranged at suitable distances apart so that the section of
the rod or bar is narrowed or edged up as may be desired.
The vertical rolls are arranged symmetrically to the horizontal rolls so that their
line of feed is in the same line with that of the horizontal rolls on each side.
One great practical difficulty which has had to be overcome is to guide the bar
which is to be rolled from one pair of horizontal rolls to the next pair, and between
the pair of vertical rolls, so that the said rod or bar receives an equal pressure
on both sides without buckling up or folding transversely to a U form or turning
over.
To achieve this and to narrow the cross section of the rod, bar, etc., as well as to
edge up the same, the aforementioned guides are employed.
Each of these guides receives the rod from the preceding pair of horizontal rolls
and delivers the same at the opposite end to the next pair of horizontal rolls.
A longitudinal opening through the guide is of such size that the bar or piece of
metal can freely pass along and be guided with the necessary accuracy in the line
of feed and delivery by means of upper and lower plates and the side surfaces.
The
The guides pass without break or interruption through between the vertical
rolls of the horizontal frame without hindrance to the movement of the same.
sides of the guides are hollowed out so that the opening remains uncovered on each
side; such hollowings out being made to a radius slightly in excess of that of the
vertical rolls they narrow the way which the rod, bar, etc., has to pass to about half
the amount of reduction in width to be effected.
The amount of the edgewise reduction is about equal to the reduction on the
flat side, and sufficient to render the edges perfect and sharp, and to prevent their
remaining rough or unequal.
The parallel top and bottom plates of the guides prevent the bar or piece of
metal from tipping or twisting transversely while the vertical rolls are operating

page_text: on the edges of the same, and deliver the bar to the next horizontal rolls to be
drawn and reduced in thickness.
The bar passes from these horizontal rolls through a similar guide of such
proportions as to suit the altered shape of the iron, and through between another
pair of vertical rolls.
These act again on the bar, rod, etc.
The bar, etc., is now guided between the next pair of rolls, and so on until a
product of required shape is produced.
The side plates of these guides are somewhat sloping or bell mouthed above the
narrow parts so as to bring the bar or rod to the proper direction of the feed in case
the same should be thrown out of line, and to prevent a splitter from catching and
stopping the work. The vertical depth of the opening through the guide can be
varied by making the upper plate adjustable up and down by means of adjusting
screws.
These rolls and guides are duplicated so as to form a series constituting an entire
machine.
For rolling metals three pairs of horizontal and two pairs of vertical rolls are
used in the preparatory or primary rolls, and in the central rolls four pairs of
horizontal and three pairs of vertical rolls are used, or the number of pairs of rolls
can be decreased or increased according to requirements.
Gearing such as generally used in rolling mills can be used, or a coupling can be
applied to the roll necks, and one pair of rolls geared to the other or each pair of
rolls can have an independent motion.
The bar or rod must be so fed into the machine that the same is delivered from
the last pair of rolls in perfect form and without fault.
The gearing for the vertical rolls is, as is customary, adjustable.
By using alternately horizontal and vertical pairs of rolls with plain faces and
grooves, square or round iron of desired size can be rolled without altering the
machine, with the exception of the last pair of horizontal rolls in the central series
of rolls.
A set of guides is provided for each size of the product to be made.
The guide plates can be perforated so that the slag from the metal can fall

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by the
said Edwin Ambrose Brydges in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 2nd
April 1880.
EDWIN AMBROSE BRYDGES, of the Firm of Bridges and Co., Patent Agents, of
32, Belle Alliance Strasse, in the City of Berlin, in the German Empire. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR ROLLING METALLIC BARS, RODS, WIRES, ETC., OF
VARIOUS SECTIONS." (A cominunication by the Menden and Schwerte "Eisen-
industrie" Company, in Schwerte, in the Empire of Germany.
The object of this Invention is to produce bars, rods, plates, wire, etc., of square,
oblong, round, oval, or other desired section from a heated bar or rod of iron or
steel at one single pass through the machine or in one operation, whereby the size
and form of the objects made vary according to the size and form of the rods or
bars and the rolls used.
The machine constructed according to this Invention consists of three divisions or
series of rolls, id est, the primary or preparatory rolls x, the medium or central
rolls y, and the finishing rolls z.
The preparatory rolls or series of rolls are about 9 feet apart from the central
rolls or series of rolls, whereas the finishing rolls are about 30 feet apart from the
central or series of rolls. The distances between the rolls or series of rolls, which.
I term rolls in the following Specification for shortness sake, can be varied according
to requirements. The finishing rolls are so arranged and situated as is customary
in rolling mills, whereas the preparatory and central rolls are placed in a long
frame and consist of a series of horizontal and vertical rolls arranged in pairs at
given distances from each other. Each pair of preparatory rolls, vertical as well as
horizontal are plain faced; the rolls in the central division or compartiment are
also plain faced with the exception of the last pair of horizontal rolls, which are
turned to a suitable form for iron of square or other desired section. The finishing
rolls consist of a single pair of rolls of like form with the section of rod, bar,
wire, etc., to be formed. The horizontal and vertical rolls of the preparatory and
central rolls are provided with a series of guides, which extend from one pair of
horizontal rolls to the next and through between the intermediate pair of vertical
rolls. Each and every pair of rolls is in connection with the principal motive
power, and for this purpose provided with suitable gearing or belting, and drums,
bearing blocks, adjusting screws, etc. The gearing for the vertical rolls must be
adjustable, as is customary in universal rolling mills. In the preparatory and
central series of rolls, the first and last pair of rolls are generally placed in a
horizontal position.
Fig. 1 is a vertical longitudinal sectional view of such parts of the machine as is
necessary to illustrate its operation.
Fig. 2 is a top or plan view of this part of the machine.
Fig. 3 is a side elevation of the entire machine to a reduced scale.
Fig. 4 is a top and side view of the guides employed.
Fig. 5 is a plan of the entire machine.
Fig. 6. is a side view of a modification of the machine, with two vertical and
three horizontal pairs of rolls. Figs. 1 and 2 show so much of the machine in
length as includes two pairs of horizontal and one pair of vertical rolls and one
guide. The remainder of the machine is formed by adding like vertical and
horizontal rolls in pairs, and like guides all in the same line of feed, so that an
explanation of Figs. 1, 2, and 4, will readily show the alternate operation between
the horizontal and vertical rolls, and from Fig. 5 the operation of the entire
machine. The upright frames or housings A, A, which carry the horizontal
rolls B, B, are of ordinary construction. Any suitable form or construction of
bearing blocks b and adjusting screws 6¹ can be used. These horizontal rolls are,

page_text: as above mentioned, arranged in pairs at suitable distances apart. Between each
two pairs of borizontal rolls is a horizontal guide. Between the upright frames A, A,
and supported by lugs or projections A' thereon are arranged horizontal frames or
housings C. In these horizontal frames C are the bearing blocks d, in which are
mounted a pair of vertical rolls D, D; d', d³, are adjusting screws. The rolls D, D,
are plain faced, that is, they are neither provided with grooves or collars so that
they come in contact with the next pair of rolls. These vertical rolls are arranged
at suitable distances apart, so that the section of the rod or bar is narrowed or
edged up as may be desired. The vertical rolls are arranged synetrically to the
horizontal rolls so that their line of feed is in the same line with that of the hori-
zontal rolls on each side. One great practical difficulty which has had to be
overcome is to guide the bar which is to be rolled from one pair of horizontal rolls
to the next pair and between the pair of vertical rolls so that the said rod or bar
receives an equal pressure on both sides without buckling up or folding transversely
to a U form, or turning over. To achieve this and to narrow the cross section of
the rod, bar, etc., as well as to edge up the same, the aforementioned guides G,
Fig. 4, are employed. Each of these guides G receives the rod from the preceding
pair of horizontal rolls at a and delivers the same at the opposite end a¹ to the
next pair of horizontal rolls, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. The longitudinal opening 8,
from a to a' through the guide, is of such size that the bar or piece of metal can
freely pass along and be guided with the necessary accuracy in the line of feed and
delivery by means of the upper and lower plates cand c¹ and the side surfaces. The
guides pass without break or interruption through between the vertical rolls D,D',
without hindrance to the movement of the same. The sides e, e¹, of the guides are
hollowed out, as shown in Figs. 2 and 4, so that the opening s remains uncovered
on each side; such hollowings out being made to a radius slightly in excees of that
of the vertical rolls the narrow the way which the rod, bar, etc., bas to pass to
about half the amount of reduction in width to be effected. The amount of the
edgewise reduction is about equal to the reduction on the flat side, and sufficient to
> render the edges perfect and sharp and to prevent their remaining rough or
unequal. The parallel top and bottom plates, c and c¹ of the guides prevent the
bar or piece of metal from tipping or twisting transversely while the vertical rolls
are operating on the edges of the same, and deliver the bar to the next horizontal
rolls to be drawn and reduced in thickness. The bar passes from these horizontal
5 rolls through a similar guide of such proportions as to suit the altered shape of the
iron, and through between another pair of vertical rolls. These act again on the
bar, rod, etc. The bar, etc., is now guided between the next pair of rolls, and so
on until a product of required shape is produced. The side plates e, c', of these
guides are somewhat sloping or bell-mouthed above the narrow parts (as shown
at n, n, Fig. 4) so as to bring the bar or rod to the proper direction of the feed in
case the same should be thrown out of line, and to prevent a splitter from catching
and stopping the work. The vertical depth of the opening a through the guide
can be varied by making the upper plate adjustable up and down by means of
adjusting screws 7, r. As already stated and shown in Fig. 3, these rolls and
guides are duplicated so as to form a series constituting an entire machine. For
rolling metals, three pairs of horizontal and two pairs of vertical rolls are used in
the preparatory or primary rolls, and in the central rolls four pairs of horizontal
and three pairs of vertical rolls are used, or the number of pairs of rolls can be
decreased or increased according to requirements. To render the Drawings clearer,
the gearing for the horizontal rolls has been omitted in Figs. 1, 2, and 3. Gearing
such as generally used in rolling mills can be used, or a coupling can be applied to
the roll necks B' and one pair of rolls geared to the other, or each pair of rolls can
have an independent motion. The bar or rod must be so fed into the machine that
the same is delivered from the last pair of rolls in perfect form and without fault.
The gearing for the vertical rolls is shown at m; these wheels are, as is customary
in universal rolling mills, adjustable. By using alternately horizontal and vertical
pairs of rolls with plain faces and grooves, square or round iron of desired size can

page_text: be rolled without altering the machine, with the exception of the last pair of
horizontal rolls in the central series of rolls. A set of guides is provided for each
size of the product to be made. The guide plates can be perforated so that the
slag from the metal can fall through.
Having now set forth the nature of my Invention, and the manner in which the
same may be performed, I claim,—
(1.) The application of a system of two or more vertical rolls, partly provided
with plain faces and partly with grooved faces with a common line of feed, in
combination with guides to guide the metal to be operated upon between the
vertical rolls for producing rods, bars, wire, etc., of round, square, oval, or other
desired section of various sizes, substantially as described in the foregoing
Specification, and shown in the accompanying Drawings.
(2.) The combination of a pair of vertical rolls for operating the edges of the
metal with guides passing between such rolls, so that the edges or sides of the
metal rod, bar, etc., can be operated upon, substantially as described in the foregoing
Specification, and shown in the accompanying Drawings.
(3.) The vertical rolls D, D, in combination with a guide G, closed at top and
bottom, and on the sides between the rolls open, and provided with vertical or
sloping sides adjacent to the rolls, substantially as shewn at n, n, in the accom-
panying Drawings, and described in the foregoing Specification.
(4.) The combination of adjustable plain-faced or grooved horizontal and vertical
rolls, with guides between the latter which can be changed, so that by adjusting
the rolls and changing the guides, metal rods, bars, etc., of any desired section can
be rolled, substantially as described in the foregoing Specification, and shown in
the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edwin Ambrose Brydges, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-seventh day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty.