IMPROVEMENTS IN PROCESSES FOR AERATING OR SUPER- BATURATING WATER AND OTHER FLUIDS WITH OXYGEN OR COMPOUNDS OF OXYGEN, OR OTHER GAS OR GASES
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Harman Barth, of 217, Piccadilly, in the
Parish of St. James, in the County of Middlesex, Operative Chymist, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PROCESSES FOR AERATING OR SUPER-
BATURATING WATER AND OTHER FLUIDS WITH OXYGEN OR COMPOUNDS OF
OXYGEN, OR OTHER GAS OR GASES."
Sealed the 13th November 1860, and dated the 15th May 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Harman Barth
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th May 1860.
I, GEORGE HARMAN BARTH, of 217, Piccadilly, in the Parish of St. James,
in the County of Middlesex, Operative Chymist, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PROCESSES FOR AERATING OR
SUPER-SATURATING WATER AND OTHER FLUIDS WITH OXYGEN OR COMPOUNDS OF
OXYGEN, OR OTHER GAS OR GASES," to be as follows:-
One method mainly depends on converting the water or fluid into vapour
by heat, and while the said vapour in a closed vessel is under the pressure of
many atmospheres, mixing it with the required gas or gases, or gaseous com-
pounds, also confined in a closed vessel under the pressure of many atmo-
spheres, and then condensing the vapour into the fluid form by the application
of cold, continuing the pressure until the resulting aerated liquid is bottled
for use.
The gases which are used may be in the simple form, or combined chemi-

page_text: cally or mechanically, or the oxygen may be converted into azone, or aut-azone,
by any known process.
Amongst the other processes which may be used for the purposes of this
Invention, steam or vapour superheated by any known method may be em-
ployed in contact with the gas or gases required, and then treated as in the
above-mentioned process.
Another process which can be employed is to reduce the gas or gases
required to the liquid state by cold and pressure, and then admit the resulting
liquid into a strong vessel containing the water or liquid which is to be
saturated with gas or aerated.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Harman Barth in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
14th November 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
HARMAN BARTH, of 217, Piccadilly, in the Parish of St. James, in the County
of Middlesex, Operative Chymist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-third year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said George Harman Barth, Her special licence that I, the said George
Harman Barth, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said George Harman Barth, or their executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ire-
land, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PROCESSES FOR AERATING OR SUPER-SATURATING WATER AND OTHER FLUIDS WITH
OXYGEN OR COMPOUNDS OF OXYGEN, OR OTHER GAS OF GASES," upon the con-
dition (amongst others) that I, the said George Harman Barth, or my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Harman Barth, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the fol-
lowing statement :—
The principal method of my Invention mainly depends on converting the
water or fluid which I design to aërate or super-saturate with gas or gases into
steam, previously to bringing it into contact or admixture with the gas or gases
which I intend to saturate or charge it, the water, with; and then, when mixed
with the gas or gases, to condense this steam while mixed with the gas or
gases into water by the application of cold, as is practised in the customary
and well-known processes of distillation.
The process which I customarily and generally employ is, to generate steam
from water heat in an ordinary steam boiler or other suitable vessel; I admit
this steam under some pressure, more or less, as may be required, into a closed
vessel of wood, metal, glass, or pottery ware, which has been previously exhausted
of atmospheric air by any customary method, and filled with the gas or gases to
be employed in aërating or super-saturating the water; I connect this vessel
with a gas holder which contains an extra supply of the gas or gases required
to be supplied, under pressure, more or less, as may be desired, and then con-
dense the mixture of steam and gas or gases by the application of cold air or
cold water to the external surface of the containing vessel, or passed through a
worm pipe which is placed in its interior space. The result of this simple and
easily applied process is to condense the steam into water, and cause it to
absorb and retain a larger quantity of the gas or gases than if pumping or the
other known and accustomed processes had been employed.
For the purpose of my Invention I employ oxygen gas in its simple form,
or any other required gas in the simple form, or I use a mixture of different
gases. I do not confine myself to the use of oxygen in its neutral condition,
but employ it in what chymists call its allotropic condition, as auto-zone or
ozone prepared by any customary process; and as chymists are not yet agreed
as to whether ozone be oxygen in a peculiar condition, or a binoxide, or oxide
of hydrogen, I claim to use it for the purposes of my Invention, by whatsoever
name it may ultimately be agreed to call it.
Another process may be employed, to wit, by superheating steam in tho
customary way, mixing it with gas or gases, and then condensing into water,
by the method of mixing and condensing already as before set forth.
Another process is, to reduce the required gas or gases into the state of liquid
by the known methods, and then to charge water, or steam to be condensed
into water, by mixing this liquid with the water or steam in a sufficiently

page_text: strong vessel, from which it can be transferred into other vessels or bottles
for use.
If I wish to add to the water produced by any of these methods any flavour-
ing or medicinal substance, I add it afterwards previously to bottling.
Having described the nature of my Invention, and the best means I know
for carrying out the same, it is distinctly to be understood that I do not confine
myself to any particular form of apparatus, or to the precise details herein-
before stated, provided the peculiar character of either part of the Invention
be retained; but what I claim is,―
First, the aërating or super-saturating water or other fluids with gas or gases,
by converting the water into steam previous to bringing it, under pressure, into
contact with the gas or gases, and then condensing the product by the appli-
cation of cold.
Second, the aërating or super-saturating superheated steam with gas or
gases, and condensing the same into water for use as an aërated liquid.
Third, reducing the gas or gases to the liquid state and mixing with water
or steam; the resulting liquid to be bottled or otherwise made suitable
for use.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Harman Barth, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of November, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty.
GEORGE HARMAN BARTH. (L.S.)