IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULDING OR SHAPING METALS
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Inglis, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, Ironfounder, and Archibald Cowie, of the same Place,
Pattern Maker, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULDING OR
SHAPING METALS."
Sealed the 4th September 1855, and dated the 4th July 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Inglis and Archibald
Cowie at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 4th July 1855.
We, JOHN INGLIS, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain;
Ironfounder, and ARCHIBALD COWIE, of the same Place, Pattern Maker, do
hereby declare the nature of our said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MOULDING OR SHAPING METALS" to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to an improved system of making moulds for casting
articles in metal, and has more particular reference to the manufacture of what
are known in the trade as "cast-iron pots," whilst it is at the same time appli-
cable to the manufacture of all vessels and objects of cast metal which are of
such a shape as to present hollow or undercut parts. The kind of pot referred.
to is somewhat spherical in shape, being narrower _at_the_neck than in the,
body; and in making moulds for casting such pots it has hitherto been
the practice to take a pattern which is an accurate counterpart of the pot, both

page_text: in thickness and in internal and external contour. This pattern, which is
two halves, being placed in a mould box, the sand or loam is rammed upon
the outside of it; the box is then turned, and sand or loam is rammed on
the inside; the box is finally returned to its original position, and its upper
and lateral pieces are separated in order to remove the pattern. Now, instead
of this practically inaccurate process, the system adopted according to the
present Invention consists in preparing two distinct patterns in metal, or any
other suitable material, and in, ramming the sand or loam into or upon these
patterns separately. One pattern is shaped to the internal coutour of the pot
to be cast, and being in two pieces, is removed from the sand or loam when
this has been rammed into it. The other pattern is shaped to the external
contour of the pot,, being as much larger than the internal space in the other
pattern as corresponds to the thickness of metal to be given to the pot or
vessel which is being moulded.The sand or loam is rammed upon the second
pattern in a box which is in two or more pieces, so that the box can be
separated from the pattern, the pattern remaining stationary. The patterns,
and boxes are shaped so as to form counterpart projections or ridges and
recesses in tlie "parting surfaces of the sand or loam, so that when the two
portions of the mould are put together, the projections in the one part will
enter the counterpart recesses in the other, and an accurate coincidence of the
two parts will be thus secured. When the pots or vessels to be moulded are
shaped so that the diameter at the neck or brim is larger than the diameter
at or near the bottom, the same process is adopted, but it may not be necessary
to separate the pattern or box in two lateral pieces.
SPECIFICATION-in, pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Inglis and Archibald Cowie, in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 3rd January 1856.
.....
TO ALL TO: WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
INGLIS, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Ironfounder,
and ARCHIBALD Cowie, of the same Place, Pattern Maker, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of July, in the year of our Lord One.
thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the nineteenth year of Her reign,
did; for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
John Inglis-and-Archibald Cowie, Her special license that we; the said John
Inglis and Archibald Cowie, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or;

page_text: such others as we, the said John Inglis and Archibald Cowie, our executors,
administrators, or, assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at. all times thereafter: during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might. make, use, exercise, and vend, within the. United
Kingdom of Great Britain..and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for:"IMPROVEMENTS IN MOULDING OR SHAPING 'METALS," upon
the condition (aniongst others) that we, the said John Inglis and Archibald
Cowie, by an instrument in writing under our hands and seals; should parti-
cularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed; and cause the 'same to be filed in
the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent. **
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said John Inglis and Archibald Cowie, do
hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed; to be particularly, described and ascertained in and
by the following statement in writing, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say :-
Our said Invention relates to an improved system of making moulds for
casting articles in métal, and has more particular reference to the manufacture
of what are known in the trade as cast-iron pots," whilst it is at the same
time applicable to the manufacture of all vessels and objects or articles of cast
metal which are of such a-shape as to present hollow or undercut parts. The
.kind of pot more particularly referred to is somewhat spherical in shape, being
narrower at the neck than in the body; and in making moulds for casting such
pots it has hitherto been the practice to take a pattern which is an accurate
counterpart of the pot, both in thickness and in internal and external contour.
This pattern, which is in two halves, being placed in a mould box, the sand or
.loam. is rammed upon the outside of it; the box is then turned, and sand
.or loam is rammed on the inside; the box is finally returned to its original
position, and its upper and lateral pieces are separated in order to remove the
pattern. Now, instead of this practically inaccurate process, the system
adopted according to the present Invention consists in preparing two distinct
patterns in metal, or any other suitable material, and in ramming the sand or
loam into or upon these patterns separately: One pattern is shaped to the
internal contour of the pot.to be cast, and being in two piccés, is removed from
the sand or loam when this has been rammed into it: The other pattern.is
shaped to the external_contour of the pot, being as much larger than the
internal space in the other pattern as corresponds to the thickness of metal to
be given to the pot or article which is being moulded. The sand or loam is

page_text: rammed upon the second pattern in a box which is in two or more pieces, so
that the box can be separated from the pattern, the pattern remaining
stationary. The patterns and boxes are shaped so as to form counterpart pro-
jections or ridges and recesses in the "parting" surfaces, so that when the two
portions of the boxes and moulds are put together, the projections in the one
part will enter the counterpart recesses in the other, and an accurate coinci-
.dence of the two parts will be thus secured. When the pots or articles to be
.moulded are shaped so that the diameter at the neck or brim is larger than
the diameter at or near the bottom, the same process is adopted, but it may
iot be necessary to separate the pattern or box into two lateral pieces.
And in order that our said Invention may be properly understood, we shall
now proceed to describe the several explanatory Figures on the Sheet of
Drawings hereunto attached. The said Drawings illustrate the application
of the Invention to the moulding of three differently shaped articles, and the
practical moulder will thence easily adapt it to the moulding of articles of any
other form for which it may be useful.
Eigure on the Sheet of Drawings is a vertical section of the pattern and
box, with which, according to the present Invention, the core or central part
of the mould of a spherical pot is formed; Figure 2 is an elevation of this
-core and box as inverted, the pattern being removed therefrom; Figure 3 is
a vertical section of the box with the pattern for forming the external part
of the mould; Figure 4 is a vertical section of the mould as completed and
ready to receive the molten metal; Figure 5 is a vertical section of a pattern
and box for forming the core or central part of the mould of a cylindrical or
nearly cylindrical pot; Figure 6 is a vertical section of the box with the
pattern for forming the external part of the mould; and Figure 7 is a vertical
section of the mould as completed and ready to receive the molten metal;
Figures 8 and 9 are sections, of the patterns and boxes used in forming the
mould for the covers or lids of the pots; and in Figure 10 the completed
mould is shewn in vertical section. Finally, Figures 11 and 12 represent the
guages or templates used in forming the patterns, shewn in Figures 1 and 3.
The pattern A, Figure 1, for forming the core part of the mould for the
interior of the spherical pot is in two pieces, being made of metal or other
suitable material, and being turned or otherwise brought to a smooth surface
upon. its inside. When the core is to be formed, the pattern A is placed in a
ring B, which being fitted to it-keeps the-two halves together, and a box C is
then placed upon the top to serve as a support for the core when it is inverted
and the pattern is removed. The portion of the pattern A which corresponds
.to. the actual pot only extends up to the line D, the conical surface J above it

page_text: serving to form the "parting," or part of the core which is placed in contact
with the external part of the mould when the mould is put together, and a
check or stepped guiding surface, is turned upon the pattern at the outer
edge of the conical surface J, such check fitting a corresponding reverse check
formed in the box C. The parts being put together as in Figure 1, the sand
or loam is rammed into the pattern A; after which the latter is inverted, and
the ring B is lifted off it, so as to allow its two halves to be removed laterally,
leaving the core E upon its supporting box C, as represented in Figure 2.
The external portion of the mould is made in the box, represented in Figure 3,
upon a pattern F, formed to the exact shape of the. outside of the pot to
be produced. This pattern F is as much larger than the internal space
of the pattern A, as corresponds to the thickness to be given to the metal
of, the pot. The mould box represented in Figure 3 is in three pieces,
namely, two lower semi-cylindrical portions G, and a conical piece H, which
fits upon the top of these. The lower pieces G are formed with division
pieces I, as seen in Figure 4, to enable them to separate and remove the two
halves of the lower portion of the mould from the pattern. The pattern F is
formed with a conical base J, extending beyond the brim line D of the pot,
and this base forms a conical surface in the mould, which exactly fits upon the
conical base J of the core, Figure 2, whilst a check or stepped guiding
surface is turned in the pattern at the outer edge of the conical surface J, to
fit a corresponding reverse check formed upon the lower edge of the box G,
and also fitting the check formed upon the rim of the box C; Figures 1 and 2,
this arrangement insuring the concentric disposition of the two parts of the
mould when brought together. The cavities in the mould for forming the
feet and handles are formed in the usual way. by inserting separate patterns.
The pot, to which Figures 5, 6, and 7 on the Sheet of Drawings have
reference, being slightly tapered, the pattern A, Figure 5, of the core or
central part does not require to be in two halves, as it can be withdrawn from
the core without its being taken asunder. The pattern A is placed in the
ring. B, and is surmounted by the box C, which serves as a support for the
core when the pattern is removed from it, and it is inverted. The pattern A
is formed internally to the internal shape of the pot to be cast, the line D
being the brim line of the pot. A small conical portion J is formed above
this line D, and serves to shape the conical parting surface of the mould; and
a.check_or_stepped guiding surface is turned upon the_pattern_at_the_outer
-edge-of-the-conical-surface J, such check fitting a corresponding reverse-check
formed in the box C.
In Timu his ranracented the nattern and box for forming the outer noïtion.

page_text: of the mould, the pattern F being externally of the same shape and dimensions
as the pot to be cast. The sand or mould material is rammed down upon tliis
pattern F. in the box -H', a conical parting surface being formed by the base J
of the pattern, this surface corresponding to that of the other portion of the
mould, and a check or stepped guiding surface is turned upon the edge. of the
box H to fit the corresponding reverse check upon the edge of the box C,
thereby insuring the accurate and concentric union of the two portions of the
mould when brought. together.
The mould for the formation of cast-metal lids, such as are used for the
pòts we have already described herein, and to which Figures 8, 9, and 10 on
the Sheet of Drawings have reference, is formed in two separate boxes and
upon two separate patterns. The pattern A, Figure 8, is a solid piece of
metal shaped to the external form of the lid to be cast,. and the half of the
mould appertaining to that side of the lid is-ranimed upon this pattern in the
box B The pattern C, Figure 9, is also a solid piece of metal, and is shaped
to the internal form of the lid, and the mould material is rammed upon it in
the box D to form the corresponding lialf of the mould... The patterns A and
C are formed with corresponding counterpart conical surfaces E, the boxes. B
and D being formed with corresponding turned checks or guiding surfaces,
which are united when the mould is put together, as in Figure .10, thus
securing a concentric disposition of the parts... The handle portion F of the
mould is formed in the usual way..
It is preferred to form the patterns used in the herein-before described, pro-
cesses with smooth metallic surfaces, and in the case of articles of circular
contour the required-shape and surface: may be given to the patterns and
boxes in a turning lathe; and the parting surfaces of the patterns may be
made either conical or level, as found most suitable for the particular article
to be moulded, provided the guiding surfaces or checks, are formed in the
boxes.
.
In Figures 11 and 12 on the Sheet of Drawings hereunto attached are
represented the templates or guages which may be used in turning down the
patterns for the pot, to which Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4 on the same Sheet refer.
The piece A is cut to the sectional outline of the exterior of the pot, and corre
sponds to the pattern Fin Figure 3. The piece B is a guage for the conical
parting surfaces J (Figures 1 to 4). The piece C is cut to the sectional out-
line of the interior of the pot, and by applying the pieces A and C together the
thickness-D of the mould space is shewn, and this determines that of the metal
of the cast article.
Having now described and particularly ascertained: the nature of our said

page_text: Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into
effect, we may observe, in conclusion, that we do not confine or restrict our-
selves to the precise details or arrangements which we have had occasion
to describe or refer to, as many variations may be made therefrom without
deviating from the principles or main features of.our Invention; but what
we consider to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention
secured to us by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is,-
First, the general arrangement and construction of apparatus for moulding
or shaping metals, as herein-before described.
Second, the system or mode of moulding or shaping cast metal pots, vessels,
or other articles wherein the external and internal portions of the mould are
rammed upon separate solid patterns, such patterns being formed with conical
or level surfaces to produce the parting surfaces of the mould, whilst the boxes
are formed with checks or stepped guiding surfaces, or equivalent projections
or recesses, to fit to each other, and to the patterns for insuring the accurate
and concentric disposition of the parts, herein-before described.
Third, the application and use of templates or guages, as herein-before
described, more particularly in reference to Figures 11 and 12 on the Sheet
of Drawings hereunto attached, in turning or forming the patterns and plates
and boxes used in moulding pots and other cast metal articles.
In witness whereof, we, the said John Inglis and Archibald Cowie, have
hereunto set our hands and seals, this Thirty-first day of December,
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.