Improvements in and relating to Evaporating and Distilling Apparatus.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 19th Mar., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 19th Dec., 1890-Accepted, 14th Mar., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Evaporating and Distilling
Apparatus.
I. JAMES FOSTER, of Baltic Chambers, Sunderland, in the County of Durham,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my invention to be as follows:-
This invention has reference to and comprises certain new or improved construc-
tions, or arrangements and combinations of the parts of vacuum evaporating and
distilling apparatus or vessels specially suitable for giving a variety of double,
triple, or multiple evaporating effects in each vessel, by having one, two or more
vertical or longitudinal or horizontal divisions or partitions to form two or more
compartments throughout each vessel, or a multiple of these effects in proportion to
the number of improved vessels used. These improvements are specially applicable
to vertical arrangements of evaporators set side by side in line with the steam or
vapour tubular vessels fitted vertically in their lower compartment, and in which
the liquid to be evaporated passes through the tubes of the heater and heating
medium acting on the outside of the tubes. These improvements are also applicable
to the horizontal arrangements of evaporators, whether ranged side by side or over
each other, in which the heating tubes are divided into two sets in each evaporator,
giving a double heating effect, described in the Specifications of my two former
Patents No. 7343 May 2 1889 and No. 18153 Nov. 13 1889, either with the
division continued throughout the whole length of the heater or not as therein
described. These improvements will give greater convenience for various sized
evaporating plant, and greater heating and faster circulating effects from the same
vapour in each evaporator than has been obtained heretofore in such evaporators.
The improvements as applied to the vertical arrangement consist, first, in making
the vertical shell of the heating vessel and the evaporating vessel over it both
preferably of a parallel oval shape in transverse section, instead of a round shape as
heretofore, that is with semicircular ends, with flat sides in the opposite direction,
having a vertical or longitudinal division in the centre, either parallel or at right
angles to the flat sides, thus forming two heating and evaporating compartments in
cach vessel, or it might be two or more divisions at right angles to the flat sides to
form three or more compartments and effects in each vessel. Thus dividing the usual
single tubular heating vessel into two semicircular vessels at each end by one
division, or with two or more divisions form one or more rectangular vessels between
the end semicircular vessels, and have the open ends of the tubes secured in semi-
circular or D shaped tube plates at each end, or it might be one oval tube plate for
both vessels at opposite ends, and with rectangular end plates for the centre or
intermediate vessels, in either case fitted in grooves in the end flanges of the heating
chambers and the flanges of the central or intermediate divisions, which would be
preferably formed on one side of the division only to enable one row of bolts to
secure the central joint between the vessels. The flanges of the return lower end
liquid vessels would be secured by screw bolts below the lower tube plates, while
over the upper plates and flanges, the lower flanges of the evaporating vessel would
in like manner be secured, and a double D or conoidal top would be secured by
flanges to the top of the evaporating vessels. The heating steam or vapour for each
heating vessel of these evaporators would be led down from a curved branch in each
conical top jointed on to a vertical pipe or duct formed preferably in the main outer
shell of each division or compartment both of the evaporating vessels and the
heating vessels, although these might be formed as separate stand vapour pipes
between the evaporators as heretofore, at one side of which it would open into its

page_text: heating vessel by two large semicircular ports on the one side at the top and bottom.
so as to cause the steam to play right across the whole set of tubes to the other side,
where a large return or downward current tube would be fitted in the tube plates.
the liquid passing up all the small heating tubes between the downward current
tube and the inlet heating steam or vapour pipe of each compartment of these new
evaporators. The vapour arising in the upper or evaporating vessel passes off by a
curved branch from the conical top down the corresponding heating tube of the
vessel on the opposite side of the division plate when these evaporators are each to
work as a double or a triple or multiple effect, and the vapour passes off from a top
branch in the second or following division or evaporating chamber by a save-all
branch and valve to a common pipe leading to a condenser, to which common pipe,
two, three, or more of these double, triple, or multiple effect evaporators may be
similarly connected, each being capable of isolation, the liquid to be evaporated
being supplied by a branch to the lower return current end of the first chamber of
the evaporator, with a trumpet or bell-mouth directing the liquid up the return
current tubes, the liquid being drawn off at the other side of this lower end by a
corresponding branch, preferably by branches or pipes leading to the inlet lower
end of the second evaporating chamber, these feed and circulation pipes being fitted
with valves or cocks for controlling the inlet and drawing-off or circulating of
the liquid of the evaporating vessels. In this arrangement of heaters the vertical
tubes would be set in rows parallel to each other at right angles, and not zig-zag
ways, so that the heating steam or vapour from the said vertical pipes, would pass
more freely in between and heat the whole set of upward current liquid tubes
towards the large descending current tubes at the opposite side of the heater.
When these new vessels are made with one or two divisions to form duplex or
triplex chambered evaporators, to work as two or three parallel double or triple
effects in sequence, two or three double or treble chambered vessels respectively
would be used, and the vapour from the top of the evaporating chambers of each of
the two or three chambers of the first vessel would be led on parallel and down to
the corresponding heating chambers of the next, and from the top of the evaporating
chambers of the second to the condenser or on parallelly and down to the heating
chambers of the third, from which the vapour would he led to the con-
denser for a Wo or three triple parallel effect. In any of the arrange-
ments herein before described, different liquors may be evaporated and treated
in the separate evaporators, but if any special gases were evolved with
the vapour, these might be led off to special receivers and pumps from the
separate vessels.
For quadruple effects, with two of these new double chambered
vessels, the vapour from the top evaporating chamber on the one side, say the left
side, of the first, would be led on and down to the heating chamber of the second on
the same side, and from the evaporating chamber of this to the heating chamber of
the evaporator on its other or right side, and from the top of this evaporating
chamber parallel back on and down to the heating chamber on the right side of the
first evaporator and from the top of this evaporator the vapour would be drawn to
the vacuum condenser, thus giving four effects with two vessels of this new double
chambered construction. For quintuple or sextuple effects with these new
double chambered vessels, a third evaporating vessel would be used, which for the
quintuple effect would be an ordinary single chambered evaporator; but for a
sextuple effect, the third vessel would be formed like the first two, of the new double
chambered construction, and so give six effects in series in the cycle with three
vessels, that is, using all the three vessels in sequence on the left side, and then all
the three vessels on the right side back to the first, and in like manner a greater
number of either an odd or an even number of multiple effects, can be obtained
according to the number of double evaporators employed. These new or improved
constructions of evaporating vessels with either two, three, or more chambers and
effects, formed as stated by one, two, or more vertical or longitudinal divisions or
partitions, may be either arranged vertically side by side, with the division partitions

page_text: in line as described in the last arrangement, or with the divisions at right angles,
and the flat sides of the vessels all in line, in either case the double, triple, or
multiple effects in the chambers of each vessel of the series may be taken first, that
is, the heating steam would be led to the heating chamber of the first compartment
and the vapour from this evaporating vessel would be led to the heater of the
second compartment, and the vapour from this second compartment to the heater of
the third compartment, and then the vapour from this led onto the heater of the
first compartment of the next double or triple evaporating vessel, and so on through-
out the series of double, triple, or multiple effect partitioned vessels of the set, from
the last of which the vapour would be led direct to the condenser, instead of
returning through the whole series on the opposite parallel sets and taking it off
from one of the compartments of the first vessel as in the arrangement before
described. This new mode and means of leading the heating steam or vapour to
the separate divided heating chambers would enable the circulating tubes of these
chambers to be made longer when desired, and so get a greater heating surface and
quicker circulation from the same steam or vapour; and when the tubes are made
longer the conical top of the evaporating vessels may also be made longer, and made
with save-all traps in the branches leading off the vapour to the subsequent
evaporators.
The improvements when applied to the horizontal arrangements of evaporators
described in the Specifications of the two former Patents, with the division plates which
divide each set of tubes into two divisional heating effects and the inlet and return
quid chambers at the front end and boxes of the evaporators, where the vapour is
separated off from the liquid, consists in jointing these boxes to each other, either
vertically in one horizontal row side by side or in two column rows over each other,
and in the former case the vapour would be led from the upper part of the evaporating
chamber of the first vessel direct into the heating chamber of the next evaporator
and the liquid would be led from the separating chamber of the first vessel to the
upper feeding chamber of the second, and so on throughout the series. Or other-
wise when two vertical column rows over each other are ranged side. by side, the
vapour would be led from the lower chamber of the top evaporator direct into the
heating chamber of the top evaporator of the second column row, and the liquid
made to flow from the lower part of the first evaporator to the upper feeding
chamber of the top evaporator of the second column, and the vapour from the top
evaporator of the second column would be led down to the heater of the evaporator
below it, as also the liquid direct down to the feeding chamber of this evaporator.
while the vapour from this second evaporator of this second column would be led
direct to the heater of the second evaporator of the first column, and the liquid
from the lower part of the second evaporator of the second column would be led to the
In like manner
upper feed chamber of the second evaporator on the first column.
the vapour from the second evaporator of the first column would be led down to
the heating chamber of the third evaporator in this column, as also the liquid direct
to the feed chamber of this evaporator. While the vapour from the third evapo-
rator of the first column would pass direct to the heater of the third evaporator of
the second column, and the liquid from the lower part of this would pass up to the
feeding chamber of the third evaporator in the second column, and from thence the
vapour would pass up a side vertical duct along the whole column to the vacuum
Or instead of
condenser, and the liquid to the pumps for subsequent treatment.
taking the vapour and liquid parallel down from the top vessel of the second column
to the vessel below it, they may be taken diagonally back to the second vessel of
the first column and then parallel from the second vessel of the first column to the
econd vessel of the second column, and diagonally from this to the third vessel of
the first column, and from the latter direct and parallel to the third vessel of the
second column. Or otherwise when the horizontal division is carried right through
the heating vessel dividing the upper and lower sets of tubes into two heating
vessels, the vapour from the upper set of tubes might be led from the back end

page_text: chamber to the heating chamber of the lower set of tubes, as also the liquid from
the upper set to the lower set, that is having a separating vapour and liquid chamber
at opposite ends of the arrangement.
10.1
1
1 1000
W. R. M. THOMSON & Co.,
96, Buchanan Street, Glasgow, Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Evaporating and Distilling.
Apparatus.
I, JAMES FOSTER, of Baltic Chambers, Sunderland, in the County of Durham,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement in writing, reference being had to the accompanying two
sheets of drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say -
My invention has reference to and comprises certain new or improved construc-
tions, or arrangements and combinations of the parts of vacuum evaporating and
distilling apparatus or vessels specially suitable for giving a variety of double,
triple, or multiple evaporating effects in each vessel by having one, two, or more
vertical, longitudinal, or transverse divisions or partitions to form two or more
compartments throughout each heating and evaporating vessel, or a multiple of
these effects in proportion to the number of improved vessels used. These improve-
ments are specially applicable to vertical arrangements of evaporators set side by
side in line over the steam or vapour heating tubular vessels fitted vertically in
in their lower compartment, and in which the liquid to be evaporated passes through
the tubes of the heater and steam or vapour heating medium acting on the outside
of the tubes. These improvements will give greater convenience for various sized
evaporating plant and greater heating and faster circulating effects from the same
vapour in each evaporator than has been obtained heretofore in such evaporators.
And in order that my said invention and the manner of performing or carrying
the same into effect or practice may be properly understood I have hereunto
appended two explanatory sheets of drawings, in which the same reference letters
are used to indicate corresponding parts in all the figures where shown.
Figure on Sheet 1 is a sectional elevation detached of a sugar juice or other
liquor evaporating vessel as constructed with two heating and two evaporating
chambers or compartments A, A, and B1, B2, with one transverse vertical
division DD, within the same outer cylindrical or elliptical continuous shells A, B,
in accordance with my improvements.
Figure 2 is a sectional plan corresponding to and taken on the irregular line 1-1
of Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a front elevation showing three of the new duplex chambered
evaporators, shown in Figures 1 and 2, working parallel as double effects, and
connected by branches at top to one main vapour exhausting pipe C² and by
branches a at bottom to one inlet steam pipe not shown in the drawings.
Figure 4 shows a plan view partly in section of three of my new duplex
chambered evaporators A. B with one longitudinal division D, D', in the centre
of each vessel A, B, connected up to work tandem ways as two triple effects. And
Figure shows a plan view partly in section of three evaporators A, B, in
which two of them are each constructed in accordance with my improvements with
duplex chambers A1, A2, B1, B2, with longitudinal divisions D, D', and the other
vessel is an ordinary form of cylindrical evaporator without a vertical division so
as to work as the first of a quintuple effect.
Figure 6 on Sheet 2 is a plan view partly in section showing three of my new
duplex chambered evaporators A, B, with vertical longitudinal divisions D, D',
working in a cycle of parallel series as a sextuple effect. And

page_text: Figure 7 is a similar view showing an arrangement in which the vertical
divisions D. D', are formed transversely or at right angles to those shown in
Figure 6. and the effects take place tandem ways from one chamber to the next.
in each evaporator of the series."
Figure 8 is a transverse sectional elevation of a vertical evaporator constructed
in accordance with another arrangement of my improvements with two longitudinal
vertical divisions D, D', D, D', and three chambers or compartments A', A², A³
B', B, B. And
Figure 9 is a plan view partly in section, taken on the irregular line 2-2 of
Figure 8.
Figure 10 is a plan view partly in section showing three of my new triple
chambered evaporators A, B, shown in Figures 8 and 9, connected up to work as
a multiple effect, as hereinafter described.
Referring to these drawings --The improvements consist, first, in making the
vertical shell of the heating vessel A and of the evaporating vessel B over it both.
preferably parallel vertically and of a round or elliptical shape in transverse section,
That is with semicircular ends with flat sides in the opposite direction, having a
vertical transverse or longitudinal division D D in the centre, preferably at right
angles to the flat sides, thus forming two heating compartments A1 A² and two
corresponding evaporating compartments B1, B2, in each vessel A, as shown in
Figures to 7, or it might be two or more divisions D, D', at right angles to the
flat sides to form three or more compartments and effects in each vessel, two
divisions and three compartments being shown in the vessels illustrated in Figures 8
to 10. Thus dividing each outer single tubular heating vessel A into two semicircular
vessels A', A², at each end by one division, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, preferably,
with an air space D" between the two separate vessels A, A, but this might be
done by a single division wall or partition as at D¹ between the evaporating
chambers B1, B2, or with two or more divisions D, D', to form one or more
rectangular vessels A between the end semicircular vessels A1, A2, as in Figures 8
to 10, and have the open ends of the heating tubes e secured in semicircular or
D shaped tube plates at each end, or it might be by one round or oval tube plate for
both vessels at their upper and lower ends E, E, these plates being fitted between the
end flanges A" of the heating chambers A, A, and the flanges at A of the
central or intermediate divisions D, D', which would be preferably formed on one
side of the division only to enable one row of bolts to secure the central joint
between the vessels as shown respectively at A in Figures 1 and 8. The lower.
tube plate E is secured as stated by the flanges B" of the return lower end liquid
vessels B to the lower flanges A" of the heating vessels A by screw bolts,
while over the upper plates E' and flanges A" the lower Hanges B" of the
evaporating vessel is in like manner secured over the tube plates E¹ to the
upper flanges A" of the heating vessels A.; and an upward projecting double
D or truncated conoidal top B is secured by flanges at B to the upper end of the
evaporating vessels B, for drawing off the vapours from these vessels B as shown
in Figures 1 and 8. The division or divisions D, D', between the heating
chambers or compartments A', A³ are preferably formed as stated of a hollow
rectangular shape so as to separate the chambers A', A, by an air heating space D".
and the divisions D' between the evaporating chambers 13, 132, may be formed of a
single solid division or partition, as shown in Figures 1 and 2 or they may be
formed as hollow air divisions as shown at D" between the heating chambers A¹A
in these figures. Referring to Figures 1 to 3 the initial heating steam for the first
chamber of each double, triple or multiple effect arrangement of evaporators
would be led in by one or two branches a to a pipe a' with closed lower end, formed
in the body A. of the first heating chamber A, and pass in through ports at all on
the inside to cause the steam to impinge on the outer circumference of the whole
set of heating tubes ein that vessel, at the lower and upper parts of the chamber A',
the branches a being shown only as dotted in in Figure 1. The vapour rising off

page_text: the liquor circulating through these tubes, e in the first evaporating chamber B
above, would pass off by a lateral branch in the cover B, and down a vertical
pipe through the body B of the second evaporating chamber 12 to its heating
chamber A through a corresponding pipe with ports a" to that shown
in the first heating chamber A Figure 1 to heat the tubes of this heating
chamber A of the second evaporator B². While the vapour from this evaporating
chamber B would pass off by a branch through sluice valve chests and
branches C, C, to a common exhaust pipe C leading to the condenser and air
pump, this arrangement being shown in plan view Figure 3 as three separate double
effects, as indicated by the arrows, in Figures 1 to 3. Or otherwise the initial
steam may be led down from a curved branch in the conical top B5 jointed on to
the top of the vertical pipe or duct formed preferably in the main outer shell B
of the compartment B of the evaporating vessel and a continuation of this pipe
is carried down the body of the heating vessel A' although these might be formed
as separate stand vapour pipes between the evaporators as heretofore outside and at
one side of which it would open into its heating vessel A by two large branches a, a,
and ports on the one side at the top and bottom of the heating vessels A, A', so
as to cause the steam to play right across the whole set of tubes e to the other side,
where a large return or downward current tube e' is fitted in the tube plates, the
liquid passing up all the small heating tubes e between the large downward current
tubes e and the inlet heating steam or vapour pipe a a" of each compartment of
these new evaporators. The vapour arising in the upper part of the first
evaporating vessel 131 passes off by a lateral or curved branch from the raised
top 5 down the corresponding heating tube & of the second vessel B2, A², on
the opposite side of the division plates D, D', when these evaporators are each to
work as a double or a triple or multiple effect, and the vapour passes off from a
top branch in the second or following division or evaporating chamber B2 by
a save-all chest or sluice valve and branch C, C, to a common pipe C², leading
to a condenser, to which common pipe two three or more of these double, triple, or
multiple effect evaporators may be similarly connected, each being capable of
isolation by their valves C, the liquid to be evaporated being supplied by a branch
to the one side of the lower return current end of the first evaporating chamber B
of the set, preferably with a trumpet or bell mouth directing the liquid up the return
current tubes e the liquid being drawn off at the other side of this lower end by a
corresponding branch, preferably by branches or breeches pipes / leading
to the inlet branch and lower end B of the second evaporating chamber B2, these
feed and circulating pipes being fitted with valves or cocks at in for controlling
the inlet and drawing off or circulation of the liquid of the evaporating vessels, as
indicated particularly in Figures 1 and 2, and Figure II which is a half section
on the line 3-3 in Figure 8 of the lower return chamber B of the three chambered
evaporators shown in Figures 8 to 10 and the liquid is drawn off by the branch ƒ³,
from the last chamber of the set to the pumps or to the next evaporator in the series,
all as indicated by the darts in Figure 11 and intermediate divisions may be formed
in the lower vessels B₁ to increase the circulation between the inlet and outlet
branches, and. In this arrangement of heaters the vertical tubes e are
preferably set in rows parallel to each other at right angles, and not zigzag ways,
so that the heating steam or vapour from the said vertical inlet pipes and ports a', a",
will pass more freely in between and heat the whole set of upward current liquid
tubes e towards the large descending current tubes at the opposite side of the
heater, as shown particularly in Figure 2. When these new vessels A, B, are
made with one longitudinal division D D to form duplex chambered evaporators
to work as two parallel treble effects in sequence three double chamber vessels A. B
respectively would be used, as shown in Figure 4, and the vapour from the top B
of the evaporating chambers 13 B2 of the first vessel A, B, would be led on by
the outlet branches and inlet branches and vertical pipes b, b, a', parallel
and down to the corresponding heating chambers A¹ A2 of the next or second

page_text: vessel A, B, and from the top of the evaporating chambers B1, B2, of this second
vessel by the corresponding pipes a" and inlet branches and vertical pipes b, b', a
on parallelly and down to the heating chambers A, A², of the third or last
vessel A, B, from which the vapour would be led to the condenser from this two
triple parallel effect by the outlet branches from each evaporating
vessel B, B, and indicated by the numerals 1, 2, 3, in both sets of vessels. For
quadruple effects with two of these new double chambered elliptical vessels A, B,
the vapour from the top evaporating chamber B₁ on the one side say the left side
of the first would be led on and down to the heating chamber A' of the second on
the same side, and from the evaporating chamber B¹ of this pass by a lateral
branch and vertical pipe a to the heating chamber A of the evaporator
on its other or right side, and from the top of this evaporating chamber B²
of the second vessel A, B parallel, back on and down to the heating chamber A²
on the right side of the first double evaporator and from the top B of this
evaporator B the vapour would be drawn off by a branch to the vacuum
condenser, thus giving four effects with two vessels of this new double chambered
construction. This effect is shown to the right in Figure 5 by omitting the first
single ordinary circular vessel A, B, on the left of this figure. For quintuple effects,
as shown in Figure 5, or sextuple effects, as shown in Figure 6, Sheet 2, with these
new double chambered vessels A1, A2, B1, B2, a third evaporating vessel would
be used which for the quintuple effect. shown in Figure 5, would be an ordinary
circular single chambered evaporator A, B, marked I, into the heating chamber
of which the live steam would enter by the two branches a and the vapour
pass off from the upper end of the evaporating chamber B by the branch
to the inlet branch and vertical pipe 6, b, of the first heating chamber A' of the
duplex evaporating vessels, and the vapour pass from this all otherwise as described
in reference to the quadruple arrangement of this figure numbered 2, 3, 4, 5.
But
for a sextuple effect the third vessel would be formed like the first two of the new
double chambered construction and so give six effects in series in the cycle with
three of these double chambered vessels with longitudinal divisions D D' that is
using all the three vessels A, B₁ forward in sequence on the left side, and then
all the three vessels A, B, on the right side back to the first, as indicated by
the arrows and mumerals 1 to 6 of all the chambers in Figure 6, the parts being
lettered to correspond to Figures 4 and 5; and in like manner a greater mumber of
either an even or odd number of multiple effects, can be obtained according to the
number of double or single evaporators employed respectively. These new
improved constructions of duplex chambered evaporating vessels A, B, and effects,.
formed as stated by having one vertical longitudinal division or partition D. D',
may be either arranged vertically side by side, with the division partitions in line as
described in the last arrangements, Figures 4 to 6, or with the divisions D D'at
right angles, as shown in cach of the double effect vessels in Figure 3, and the
multiple effect vessels in Figure 7, in either case the double effects in the chambers
of each vessel of the series may be taken first, that is, the heating steam would be
led by the branches a to the heating chamber A of the first compartment and the
vapour from this evaporating vessel B would be led to the heater A of the second
compartment B by the branch and inlet branch and vertical pipes b, b', a' as in
Figures 3 and 7 and the vapour from this second compartment B of the first duplex
evaporator A, B, is led to the heater A of the first compartment of the next or
second double evaporating vessel A, B, by the outlet branch and the inlet
branch, or vertical pipes, a', and so on throughout the series of the three double
chambered vessels shown in Figure 7, giving six effects in this series, as indicated by
the arrows and numerals 1 to 6, from the last of which the vapour would be led
direct to the condenser by the branch, instead of returning through the whole
series on the opposite parallel sets and taking it off from one of the compartments of
the first vessel, as in the arrangements before described in reference to Figures 5
and 6. Referring to the construction and arrangement of these improvements
shown in Figures 8 to 10, this shows the elliptical parallel vertical vessels A, B,
or

page_text: made longer in the horizontal section between their semicircular ends, for the
purpose of forming them with two divisions D, D', both in the heating vessels A
and the evaporating vessels B, and their lower ends B, for the purpose of forming
them with three tubular heating vessels A, A3, A3, and three evaporating
vessels B1, B2, B3 over them, that is, with a central chamber A³, B³, each to work
as separate evaporators, either as a parallel triple effect in series within the one
vessel A, B, or a multiple of the same effects by the use of two or more of these
triple divided chambered vessels A, B, as shown in Figure 3 in reference to the
double effects. Or these triple chambered vessels may be worked in parallel tandem
series, as shown in reference to Figure 4 in which with two vessels three double
effects may be obtained or with three vessels three triple effects. Or these triple
chambered vessels may be worked in a cycle of parallel forward and return series as
described in reference to Figures 5 and 6 with the double chambered evaporating
vessels, and as shown in this way in Figure 10 with three vessels which gives nine
effects in undulating series and six effects with only two of these triple chambered
vessels. Or this triple chambered construction of vessel may be worked as in
Figure 7 with the doubled chambered vessels, the effects being taken through the
three chambers in each vessel before passing on to the succeeding vessel, and which
arrangement also gives six effects with two vessels and nine effects with three vessels
as in Figure 10. The action of these triple chambered vessels A, B, is substantially
the same as for the double chambered vessels and the parts lettered and numbered
to correspond, except that lateral pocket ducts 13 are required in the top cover
chamber 15, when one such vessel is used, as a single triple effect, to conduct the
vapour from the top of the first evaporating chamber B down the vertical inlet
pipe a to the heater A3 of the central evaporator, and from the top of this central
evaporator B³ down the vertical pipe, a', to the heater A² of the third or outer
evaporator B2, and from the outlet branch of this to the condenser, or when more
than one of these triple chambered vessels are used to the first heating chamber of
the next vessel. And a single such lateral pocket would be required in the
covers B of the first and last of any series of these triple chambered vessels to
convey the vapour to or from the central chambers A³ B³ at the end of the series
from and to the side chambers A B and A2, B2. In any of the arrangements
herein before described different liquors may be evaporated and treated in the
separate evaporators, but if any special gases were evolved with the vapour these
might be led off to special receivers and pumps from the separate vessels or sets of
vessels treating the different liquors. This new mode and means of leading the
heating steam or vapour to the separate divided heating chambers would enable the
liquor heating and circulating tubes e e of these chambers to be made longer when
desired, and so get a greater heating surface and quicker circulation from the same
steam or vapour; and when the tubes are made longer the conical top 1 of the
evaporating vessels may also be made longer, and might be made with save-all
traps in the branches leading off the vapour to the subsequent evaporators.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
First. The construction, or arrangement and combination of the parts of evapo-
rating or distilling vessels, each fitted with one or more longitudinal or transverse
vertical divisions or partitions to form two or more heating and evaporating
chambers or compartments within the same outer shell, and having the steam or
vapour and juice fed to and from them so as to work as single, double, or multiple
effects, substantially as hercin described, in reference to and shown in the accompany-
ing drawings.
Second. The constructing of evaporating or distilling vessels with a longitudinal
or transverse vertical division or partition to form two heating and two evaporating
chambers or compartments within the same outer shell, that is, with a separate

page_text: heating vessel under each evaporating vessel substantially as herein described, in
reference to and shown in the accompanying drawings.
Third. The constructing of evaporating or distilling vessels with two or more
longitudinal or transverse vertical divisions or partitions to form three or more
heating and evaporating chambers or compartments within the same outer shell,
that is, with a separate heating vessel under each evaporating vessel, substantially
as herein described in reference to and shown in the accompanying drawings.
Fourth. The combination of two or more evaporating vessels, each fitted with one
or more vertical divisions or partitions to form two or more heating and evaporating
chambers or compartments, for the purpose of working as multiple effects, substan-
tially as herein described, and by way of application shown in the accompanying
drawings.
Dand the 19th December 1800
W R. M. THOMSON & Co.,
96, Buchanan Street, Glasgow, Agents.