Improvements in the Method of and Apparatus for the Manufacture of Margarine or Butter Substitute.
Year: 1896

page_text: Reprinted as amended in accordance with the decision of the Comptroller-General,
dated the 28th day of November 1899.
[The Amendments are shown in erased and italic type.]
Date of Application, 18th Apr., 1896-Accepted, 4th July, 1896
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION (AMENDED).
Improvements in the Method of and Apparatus for the Manufacture
of Margarine or Butter Substitute.
I, JAN CHRISTOFFEL UHLENBROCK, of Neuss, in the Kingdom of Prussia and
German Empire, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
In the manufacture of margarine or butter substitute as at present generally
carried out, the material, as it leaves the churn, is treated with a jet of cold water.
This treatment involves the disadvantages that the margarine cannot be produced
with a sufficient flavour, that it loses the pleasant taste given to it by the previous
treatment with milk, that the margarine thus becomes too bright or shining as com
pared with butter, and that impurities and deleterious matter may be introduced,
since many manufacturers are compelled to use water quite unfit for employment in
the preparation of an article intended for human food.
As the result of especial efforts to obviate the disadvantages referred to, and to
produce a substitute more nearly resembling pure butter in flavour, consistency, and
appearance, I have been led to adopt the hereinafter described method and apparatus,
which produce excellent results.
In proceeding according to this invention, instead of effecting the crystallisation
of the product as it leaves the churn, by means of a jet of cold water, I effect it by
means of cooled skimmed milk or butter milk. In carrying out my improvements, I
employ the apparatus and appliances illustrated by the accompanying drawings and
hereinafter referred to.
Figure 1 represents a sectional side elevation, and
Figure 2 a plan.
When all the ingredients have, in the ordinary manner, been placed in the churn a,
and sufficiently churned, the mixture is allowed to run out into the trough b, where
a jet of cooled skimmed milk or butter milk impinges upon it. The skimmed or
butter milk is derived from one of the cooling tanks de, and forced through the jet
upon the material by the pump c. The mass, stiffened in the trough b, is conveyed
into the tank, which contains a stirring apparatus as indicated. This stirrer is kept
in slow motion, so that the stiffened product is again churned, but this time with the
skimmed or butter inilk. The margarine leaves the tank f by the spout / whence it
drops into the carriage g, which may be of the known construction. The surplus or
unabsorbed skimmed or butter milk flows from the tank and the carriage g, through
suitable pipes, into the receiving tank, whence it is returned by the pump i to the
cooling tanks de, where it is cooled by the worms which are connected by pipes
with a freezing or cooling apparatus. The circulation of the skimmed or butter milk
through the trough b, the tank h, and back to the cooling tank. dor e whence it

page_text: started, is continued until the churn is empty. The milk is used over and over again
without the addition of any fresh supply, and in consequence of its coldness, the
margarine loses none of its taste or flavour. It may be safely used 6 or 8 times in a
single day. The milk remaining at night, after repeated use, may be utilised on the
following day in the production of an inferior kind of margarine.
Among the advantages resulting from my improvements may be mentioned :-The
flavour given to the margarine by the usual addition of fresh milk to the contents of
the churn, is not lost. The margarine inore nearly resembles pure butter is appear-
ance and is of more uniform quality, whilst being at the same time less sensitive to
changes in temperature. Its keeping quality quantity is increased, the cost of its
production is diminished, and the spots which appear in ordinary margarine after
about a fortnight, are avoided. In the manufacture, no cream, and less ice, is
needed.
The cooling tanks, de may be constructed of iron, tinned inside, and the cooling
worm should be tinned outside. In each of these tanks there should be a stirrer as
indicated, as the motion produced by its rotation ensures a quicker and more uniform
cooling. When more than one of the tanks is used, each of them is provided with a
cock to control the outlets. The pumps may be of the paddle type or of other suit-
able construction. The tank h may be made of sheet tin, and the tank f and spout
of wood, with metallic edges.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1. The-hereinbefore described-method-of-manufacture or production of margarine,
in which the-crystallisation or stiffening of the substance is effected by means of
cooled--skimmed-or-butter-milk, substantially as-hereinbefore-described.
1. In the manufacture of margarine, rechurning the mixture after it has been
treated with cooled skimmed or butter milk, substantially as herein before described.
2. 3. In the manufacture of margarine, treating the mixture after it leaves the
churn, with cooled skimmed or butter milk, the same milk being used over and over
again, substantially as hereinbefore described.
3. 4. In apparatus for the manufacture of margarine, the combination and arrange-
ment of a churn in which the constituents are inixed, with a spout leading therefrom,
and a second churn or agitator, substantially as herein before described and as illus-
trated by the accompanying drawings.
4. In apparatus for the manufacture of margarine, the combination and arrange-
ment of a churn a, a trough b a second churn or agitator f, a pump i, a cooling tank
or tanks de connected with the pump i, and a second pump c for supplying the con-
tents of the cooling tanks to the trough b, substantially as hereinbefore described and
as illustrated by the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 17th day of April A.D. 1896.
W. E. HEYS & SON,
Agents for the Applicant.