AN IMPROVED MECHANICAL ARRANGE MENT FOR CONVERTING POWER INTO SPEED. AND SPEED INTO POWER, AND FOR MULTIPLYING AND TRANSMITTING MOTION FOR ALL PURPOSES WHERE SUCH MOVEMENT CAN BE APPLIED AND USED
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Edward Newton, of the Office for
Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil
Engineer, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED MECHANICAL ARRANGE
MENT FOR CONVERTING POWER INTO SPEED. AND SPEED INTO POWER, AND FOR
MULTIPLYING AND TRANSMITTING MOTION FOR ALL PURPOSES WHERE SUCH
MOVEMENT CAN BE APPLIED AND USED."-A communication from abroad
by William Farr Goodwin, of East New York, in the State of
New York, United States of America,
Sealed the 25th February 1868, and dated the 4th January 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Edward
Newton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 4th January 1868.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, for "AN IMPROVED MECHANICAL ARRANGE-
MENT FOR CONVERTING POWER INTO SPEED, AND SPEED INTO POWER, AND FOR
MULTIPLYING AND TRANSMITTING MOTION FOR ALL PURPOSES WHERE
MOVEMENT CAN BE APPLIED AND USED," to be as follows:-
SUCH
This Invention consists in the arrangement of a series of wheels
within a wheel, all the wheels working on and around one shaft.
A series of pinions are mounted and have their journal bearings on
the shaft within an internal gear wheel or cylinder with teeth inside,
each pinion having an arm attached to its end, which arm is rotated
[Price 8d.]

page_text: by and with the pinion to which it is attached. The outer or swinging
ends of the arms are provided with studs which project on the opposite
side from the pinion to which the arm is attached and parallel with
the shaft, and on each of the studs is mounted an intermediate
transmitting wheel, which gears with the pinions on the shaft and with
the internal gear of the wheel. Each intermediate transmitting wheel
gears with the pinion of the next arm, and being in gear with the
wheel serves to transmit the motion from the pinions to the drum
when the shaft is the driving power, and from the drum to the pinion
when the drum is the driving power.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Edward Newton in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 4th July 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of January, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the thirty-
first year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said William Edward Newton, Her special
licence, that I, the said William Edward Newton, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William
Edward Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "AN IMPROVED MECHANICAL ARRANGEMENT FOR CONVERTING
POWER INTO SPEED, AND SPEED INTO POWER, AND FOR MULTIPLYING AND TRANS
MITTING MOTION FOR ALL PURPOSES WHERE SUCH MOVEMENT CAN BE APPLIED AND
USED," being a communication to me from abroad by William Farr
Goodwin, of East New York, in the United States of America, upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said William Edward
Newton, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing

page_text: gears with the pinions on the shaft S and with the internal gear of
Each inter-
the wheel W, commencing with the arm B and pinion A.
mediate transinitting wheel gears with the pinion of the next arm, and
being in gear with the wheel W serves to transmit the motion from the
pinions to the drum when the shaft is the driving power, and from the
The drum
drum to the pinion when the drum is the driving power.
or internal gear wheel W has hubs U on its ends, which have their
journal bearings in boxes X on the stand or frame F¹; the hubs U have
holes through their centres, through which pass the shaft S and hollow
sleeves V and V. The ends of the shaft S have their bearings in the
boxes X in the posts F, F, and the hollow sleeves V and V₁ have their
bearings on and revolve around the shaft S.
By the arrangement of the apparatus herein described and shown in
the Drawings three distinct movements can be produced by the same
machine, as follows:-
First. The sleeve V, on which is mounted the arm B, is held from
turning, the driving belt or power is applied to the drum W, which
causes it to revolve around the shaft S. the intermediate transmitting
wheel C on the stud D of the arm B being in gear with the drum or
internal gear wheel W and also with the pinion A on the shaft S. This
serves to transmit motion from the drum to the pinion, and as the
drum or internal gear wheel W has for example eighty teeth and the
pinion but twenty, four revolutions are given to the pinion A and its
arm B for one, revolution of the drum W, the intermediate wheel C
being held in position by the arm B; and the stud D does not revolve
around the shaft as do the other arms and intermediate wheels, but is
revolved on the stud D', and rolls in the same direction as the wheel W,
thereby causing the pinion A and its arm B' (which arm carries the
intermediate wheel C¹) to revolve in a reverse direction to the wheel W.
As the pinion and arm make four revolutions around the shaft. S to one
of the wheel W the drum and intermediate wheel by revolving in
opposite directions causes the intermediate wheel to gear with the greater
number of teeth in the wheel W and make a greater number of revo-
lutions than could be obtained if the drum and intermediate wheel did
not revolve around the shaft and in opposite directions to each other.
The intermediate wheel C' being in gear with the pinion A' causes the
pinion A' to make twenty-four revolutions to one of the drum W instead
of sixteen, which would be the number of revolutions of the pinion A

page_text: under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal l'atent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Edward Newton, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement, reference being had
to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the letters and figures
marked thereon (that is to say) :-
-
This Invention of an improved mechanical arrangement for converting
power into speed, and speed into power, consists in the arrangement of
a series of wheels within a wheel, and all the wheels made to work on
and around the same shaft.
In the accompanying Drawings Fig. 1 represents an outside view of
the machine or apparatus which constitutes the present Invention.
Fig. 2 is a section through the drum or internal gear wheel W in a
direction parallel with its axis or shaft S, also through the journal boxes
and hollow sleeve V, showing the internal apparatus and manner of
construction. Fig. 3 is a similar section through the conical internal
gear wheel W, showing the wheels diminished in diameter and size.
Fig. 4 is a detached view of the hollow sleeve V with its arm B and
intermediate transmitting wheel C. Fig. 5 is a detached view of the
pinion A with its arm B' and intermediate transmitting wheel C¹, and
Fig. 6 is a transverse section through drum W. Fig. 7 is a longitudinal
vertical section of a modification of the apparatus, in which a cone
pulley is substituted for the drum W, the other parts being essentially
the same.
Similar letters indicate corresponding parts in all the
Figures.
A series of pinions A, A1, A2, A3, A4, are mounted (and have their
journal bearings) on the shaft S within an internal gear wheel Wor
cylinder with teeth inside. Each pinion has an arm attached to its end,
which arm is rotated by and with the pinion to which it is attached.
The outer or swinging ends of the arms are provided with studs D which
project on the opposite side from the pinion to which the arm is
attached and parallel with the shaft S; on each of the studs Dis
mounted an intermediate transmitting wheel C, C, C2, C3, C', which

page_text: if the intermediate wheel C did not revolve around the shaft. One-
third of the whole number of revolutions made by the wheel A¹ are
thus obtained without additional teeth or gear wheels; or in other words
the same number of revolutions can be obtained with one-third less
gearing than by any other known arrangement. Thus when the internal
gear wheel W has eighty and all the pinions on the shaft S have but
twenty teeth each the number of revolutions for each pinion to one
revolution of the drum will be multiplied as follows:-The first pinion A
makes four revolutions to one of the drum W, while the second pinion A¹
makes twenty-four revolutions to four of the pinion A and one of the
drum W, and the third pinion A² makes one hundred and twenty-four
revolutions to twenty-four of the pinion A' and one of the drum W,
and the pinion A³ makes six hundred and twenty revolutions to one
hundred and twenty-four of the pinion A and one of the drum W, and
the pinion A makes three thousand one hundred revolutions to six
hundred and twenty of the pinion A3 and one of the drum W. As
described and shown it is evident that the number of revolutions will
increase in the same ratio for every additional pinion, arm, and inter-
mediate wheel added to the apparatus in the manner shown and described.
The above is a description of one of the movements performed and
illustrated by the apparatus above described, which can be applied to
clocks, watches, turning lathes, &c., &c., and to various other machinery
where motion is required to be multiplied.
The second movement differs from the first as follows:-The drum W
is secured to the frame and held from turning while the driving belt or
power is applied to the pulley P on the outer end of the hollow sleeve V.
The arm B is attached to the inner end of the sleeve V and revolves with
it, carrying the intermediate transmitting wheel C (which is mounted on
the stud D on the arm B) around the shaft S, within and in gear with
the internal gear wheel W, and also in gear with the pinion A on the
shaft S. The intermediate wheel C thereby causes the pinion A and its
arm B and intermediate wheel C¹ to revolve around the shaft S in the
same direction as the arm B and intermediate wheel C, the latter serving
to throw the pinion A and intermediate wheel A' forward with greatly
increased speed, which increase of speed is effected by the first arm B,
and intermediate wheel C following after the others. Each pinion, arm,
and intermediate wheel travels around the shaft in advance of those from
which they receive their motion, and each being followed by that from
which it receives its motion receives increased volocity, and hence the

page_text: greatly increased speed without additional gearing. This movement has
greater speed with the same apparatus, making twenty-five revolutions
with the pinion A¹ to four revolutions of the pulley P and arm B
instead of twenty-four, as in the first-described movement. This dif-
ference is accounted for as follows:-The arm B by revolving around the
shaft, instead of the drum revolving, causes all the arms, pinions, and
intermediate wheels to move around the shaft in advance, and will main-
tain the same ratio of movement, thus requiring a less number of teeth
of the drum W to produce one revolution of the pinion A'; thus in
twenty-five revolutions one revolution is gained with the same apparatus
by simply changing its movement, and without additional machinery.
This movement can be applied to the same uses as the first, and the
difference of arrangement and movement adapts it to various uses where
the revolving drum could not be used conveniently.
The third movement only differs from the first in the mode of applying
the driving power. The belt or driving power is applied to the pulley P,
which pulley is secured to the hollow sleeve V₁; the hollow sleeve V is
secured and held from turning as described in the first movement, and
the drum W is allowed to revolve, thus reversing the movement, con-
verting speed into power, and making a most powerful hoisting appa-
ratus. The driving power may be applied to the pulley ", or to the
crauk G, as desired. When applied to the crank G the hollow
sleeve Vis secured to the shaft S; the shaft turns in the same direction
as all the pinions which work on it, thus removing any objection which
might be raised against this movement on account of friction. The
journal bearings of the drum W and hollow sleeve V do not rest on the
shaft S; the shaft has its journal bearings in the posts F, F, and serves as
a journal for the pinions within the wheel W and for the purpose above
described. The number of teeth and sizes of wheels may be varied, and
also the number of wheels and arms may be increased or diminished as
required for different purposes.
The advantages claimed for this arrangement of gear wheels over all
others are as follows:-All the gearing being arranged on one shaft and
enclosed within the main wheel W dispenses with all counter shafting.
journal boxes, bevilled gears, and frame supports usually employed in
the ordinary way of gearing up to multiply and transmit motion, and a
less number of wheels and teeth being required to produce the same
number of revolutions, thus obviating a great deal of friction
and

page_text: weight, and gaining power as well as velocity over the ordinary gearing.
In short the use of all extraneous and cumbersome machinery is dis-
pensed with, and the weight (little as it comparatively is) is placed on
and around one common shaft or axis, thus using less machinery and
enclosing the same in a smaller space than would be required for any
other arrangement of machinery heretofore known capable of producing
the same number of revolutions. Millions of revolutions can be pro-
duced with but comparatively few wheels, and they occupy but an
unusually small space. The arrangement of the apparatus is simple
and strong, not liable to become disarranged or get out of order; it
encases itself and is thus kept clean. It can be oiled through a hole
bored lengthwise in the shaft S, and through small holes bored in the
side of the shaft which emit oil to the bearing of each pinion.
Having thus described the Invention, as communicated to me by my
foreign correspondent, what I claim as new and desire to secure under
the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,-
First. The arrangement of a series of wheels within a wheel on and
around one shaft or axle, whereby any desired number of revolutions can
be produced and any required power can be obtained for converting
speed into power and power into speed, for multiplying and transmitting
motion, and for power machines for hoisting and other purposes, sub-
stantially as described. .
Second. The arrangement of the hollow sleeves on the shaft S, and in
the journal boxes U and U', on the frame F and posts F, and the
pulleys P and P₁ constructed and operated in the manner and for the
purposes substantially as described and shewn.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Newton, have here-
unto set my band and seal, the Third day of July, in the
year of
our Lord Oue thousand eight hundred sixty-eight.
Witness,
J. W. MOFFATT,
66, Chancery Lane.
W. E. NEWTON. (L.S.)