An Improved Manufacture of Caliber Rings and Dies.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd Feb., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 19th Nov., 1889-Accepted, 21st Dec., 1889
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Manufacture of Caliber Rings and Dies.
I, WILHELM LORENZ, of 44 Westendstrasse, of Karlsruhe, in the Grand Duchy
of Baden, German Empire, Engineer and Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention to be as follows :-
-
Caliber rings and dies have heretofore been made by cutting off lengths of solid
steel bars of the necessary thickness and then suitably working these in a lathe.
Such thick caliber rings and dies generally have a structure that does not afford the
necessary homgeneity, and in consequence hereof, and also on account of the slowness
and irregularity with which changes of temperature are transmitted from the outer to
the inner layers of metal, they are very liable to split when being tempered or hardened
by sudden cooling after heating.
Furthermore, in consequence of the imperfect homogeneity and of other physical
properties which have not yet been scientifically determined, there occurs within the
body of such rings a certain molecular activity the result of which only appears
after some time on the surface; such hardened rings which at the commencement
were perfectly true, often become after a time (sometimes after several years) untrue
and useless.
My present invention has for its object to obviate these defects by constructing such
caliber rings and dies with thin sides formed out of thin, compressed, and consequently
homogeneous material. The thin sides allow of the changes of temperature being
transmitted rapidly and uniformly to all parts of the mass, whereby the danger of
splitting is greatly diminished.
The process for carrying out such manufacture consists in forming the said caliber
rings and dies by pressure from a steel disc, in a draw bench or press and by means
of suitable matrixes and punches, the rings or dies being advantageously at once
brought to the exact required diameters, so that any subsequent work by turning &c.
is, where possible, rendered unnecessary.
In the first instance there is produced from a steel disc by preference of circular
form such as is shewn at A Fig. 1 of the accompanying drawings, a cup shaped body B
Figs. 2 and 3 in the known manner by a suitable matrix M and punch S, such cup
having an internal diameter corresponding to that required for the caliber ring to be
produced.
The bottom C of this cup is then separated at the line a b Fig. 3, by cutting,
sawing &c. whereupon the upper cylindrical part forms the required caliber ring as
at Fig. 4.
The lower part C of the cup B is again formed into a cup D Fig. 6 of smaller size
by means of a matrix M', Fig. 5 and punch S', such cup constituting a caliber die
the outside diameter of which corresponds to the inner diameter of the caliber ring
Fig. 4.
Lastly, the bottom of the die D may have a recess formed in it by means of two
punches S2 S3 Fig. 7, which recess can then be adapted to receive a handle E, as at
Fig. 8.
If the outer rounded edge from d to e be somewhat turned off, the part c d will
remain as measuring surface of the caliber die.
The pressing or drawing of the cups can be effected both in a heated and in a. cold
condition; or an initial pressing may be effected with heating and a final pressure
without heat.
For the above described process there are consequently employed for the production
of caliber rings, pressing punches the diameter of which corresponds to the internal
diameter of the caliber rings to be produced, and for the production of caliber dies

page_text: there are employed matrixes M the inner diameter of which corresponds to the outer
diameter of the caliber dies to be produced.
The handle E shewn by way of example at Fig. 8 can also be formed out of a metal
disc in a draw-bench or press in the well known manner, and it may also be finished
and attached to the caliber die in any desired way.
The above described process also permits the formation, without additional trouble,
of ribs on the outer or inner surface of the caliber rings or dies, as shewn by way
of example on the die D at Fig. 9, such ribs being formed at the same time that the
ring or die is formed.
Such ribs facilitate the keeping clean of the measuring surfaces, as any dirt will
readily pass into the grooves.
Instead of forming the caliber rings and dies at once of the desired diameter, by
drawing or pressing, the accurate final dimensions can be attained by subsequent
turning in a lathe, but it is always advisable to employ in the first instance matrixes
and dies having as accurately as possible the desired measurements, in order that the
advantages of the process as regards rapid, cheap, and (owing to the practical absence
of loss of material) economical production of the caliber rings and dies may be secured.
It will be readily seen that a further advantage of measuring instruments prepared in
the above described manner consists in the fact that owing to the considerable
reduction of their thickness and consequently of their weight as compared with such
tools heretofore employed, they can be much more easily manipulated and the
measurements can be conducted with much greater accuracy than heretofore.
The process also permits of such tools being prepared in large quantities at one and
the same works.
Dated this 23rd day of February 1889
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Manufacture of Caliber Rings and Dies.
I, WILHELM LORENZ, of 44 Westendstrasse, of Karlsruhe,in the Grand Duchy of
Baden German Empire, Engineer and Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
Caliber rings and dies have heretofore been made by cutting off lengths of solid
steel bars of the necessary thickness and then suitably working these in a lathe. Such
thick caliber rings and dies generally have a structure that does not afford the
necessary homgeneity and in consequence hereof, and also on account of the slowness
and irregularity with which changes of temperature are transmitted from the outer
to the inner layers of metal, they are very liable to split when being tempered or
hardened by sudden cooling after heating.
Furthermore, in consequence of the imperfect homogeneity and of other physical
properties which have not yet been scientifically determined, there occurs within the
body of such rings a certain molecular activity the result of which only appears after
some time on the surface; such hardened rings which at the commencement were
perfectly true, often become after a time (sometimes after several years) untrue and
useless.
My present invention has for its object to obviate these defects by constructing
such caliber rings and dies with thin sides formed out of thin compressed and conse-
quently homogeneous material. The thin sides allow of the changes of temperature
being transmitted rapidly and uniformly to all parts of the mass, whereby the danger
of splitting is greatly diminished.
The process for carrying out such manufacture consists in forming the said caliber
rings and dies by pressure from a steel disc, in a draw bench or press and by mears
of suitable matrixes and punches, the rings or dies being advantageously at once

page_text: brought to the exact required diameters, so that any subsequent work by turning &c.
is, where possible, rendered unnecessary.
In the first instance there is produced from a steel disc by preference of circular
form such as is shown at A Fig. 1 of the drawings accompanying my Provisional
Specification, a cup shaped body B Figs. 2 and 3 in the known manner by a suitable
matrix M and punch S, such cup having an internal diameter corresponding to that
required for the caliber ring to be produced.
The bottom C of this cup is then separated at the line a b Fig. 3, by cutting,
sawing &c. whereupon the upper. cylindrical part forms.the.. required caliber ring as
at Fig. 4.
The lower part of the cup B is again formed into a cup D Fig. 6 of smaller
size by means of a matrix M¹, Fig. 5 and punch S¹, such cup constituting a caliber
die the outside diameter of which corresponds to the inner diameter of the caliber
ring Fig. 4.
Lastly, the bottom of the die D may have a recess formed in it by means of two
punches S2 S3 Fig. 7, which recess can then be adapted to receive a handle E, as at
Fig. 8.
If the outer rounded edge from d to e be somewhat turned off, the part c d will
remain as measuring surface of the caliber die.
The pressing or drawing of the cups can be effected both in a heated and in a cold
condition; or an initial pressing may be effected with heating and a final pressure
without heat.
For the above described process there are consequently employed for the production
of caliber rings, pressing punches the diameter of which corresponds to the internal
diameter of the caliber rings to be produced, and for the production of caliber dies
there are employed matrixes M¹ the inner diameter of which corresponds to the outer
diameter of the caliber dies to be produced.
The handle E shewn by way of example at Fig. 8 can also be formed out of
a metal disc in a draw bench or press in the well known manner, and it may also
be finished and attached to the caliber die in any desired way.
The above described process also permits the formation, without additional trouble,
of ribs on the outer or inner surface of the caliber rings or dies, as shewn by way
of example on the die D at Fig. 9, such ribs being formed at the same time that the
ring or die is formed.
Such ribs facilitate the keeping clean of the measuring surfaces, as any dirt will
readily pass into the grooves.
Instead of forming the caliber rings and dies at once of the desired diameter, by
drawing or pressing, the accurate final dimensions can be attained by subsequent
turning in a lathe, but it is always advisable to employ in the first instance matrixes
and dies having as accurately as possible the desired measurements in order that the
advantages of the process as regards rapid, cheap, and (owing to the practical absence
of loss of material) economical production of the caliber rings and dies may be
secured. It will be readily seen that a further advantage of measuring instruments
prepared in the above described manner consists in the fact that owing to the
considerable reduction of their thickness and consequently of their weight as
compared with such tools heretofore employed, they can be much more easily
manipulated and the measurements can be conducted with much greater accuracy
than heretofore..
The process also permits of such tools being prepared in large quantities at one
and the same works.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. An improved manufacture of caliber rings and dies of a single piece of sheet
metal, wherein the sheet metal plate cr disc is first converted into a cup shape

page_text: such as B. D, from which the cylindrical part, such as B Fig. 3 is then cut off
for forming the caliber ring, while the base C of the cup can be used for forming
the caliber die, substantially as herein described with reference to the drawings.
2. Caliber rings and dies produced in the manner set forth in the preceding claim.
Dated this 19th day of November 1889.
ADEL & IMKAY,
Agents for the Applicant.