Fibrous Substances.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 17th Jan,, 1887
Complete Left, 17th Oct., 1887
Complete Accepted, 17th Apr., 1888
Fibrous Substances.
We, CHRISTOPHER BRADLEY, of Thornton Road, Bradford, in the county of York,
Machine wool-comb manufacturer, and JOHN RICHARDSON of Horsforth, in the county
of York, Steel pin manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:-
Our invention consists in a novel arrangement of the various parts of a circular
combing machine, which parts consist chiefly of a large circular comb fed with slivor
from either the inside or outside, two or more
"star
or radial combs, and two or
nore ordinary circular combs, operating outside the large circular comb.
To carry out our invention we mount upon a shaft between the contro line of the
vertical frame supporting the dabbing brush and the centre of the large circular feed
comb, a "star
comb which has its teeth fixed radially. The shaft of this comb is by
preference supported below the combing table, and at such an elevation that its
teeth may be level with the teeth of the large circular feed comb, but by a modification
of the mechanism hereinbefore described the star comb may be mounted upon a
shaft above the combing table, or an ordinary circular comb may be used with
similar results.
The shaft of the star comb is mounted and operates at a right angle to the axis of the
large circular feed comb, and the teeth of the star comb when is operation revolve in
close proximity to the outer teeth of the large circle.
At or about the point of contact of the star comb and the large circular feed comb,
the sliver is dabbed into the teeth of both combs, and as the teeth holding a portion of
sliver separate, those of the large comb revolving horizontally, and those of the star
comb passing downwards, the portion of sliver projecting outward from the large feed
comb is partially combed and cleansed, the neps or other impurities being drawn by
means of the star comb to the end of the fringe of sliver. The portion of fringe
engaged in the teeth of the star comb is removed therefrom by angular or pointed
knives, whereby the fringe is raised and carried forward to a dead plate by means of
the rotation of the large comb, and is then dabbed into the teeth of a smaller circular
comb operating outside, and close up to the large circular feed comb.

page_text: The neps and other impurities brought to the extremity of the fringe of silver by
means of the star comb, in the manner described, after passing over the dead plate, are
delivered inside the smaller circular comb, so that when the fringe is dabbed into the
teeth of the larger and smaller circular combs, and finally combed by the rotation
of these two combs, the neps or other impurities are left inside the inner row of
teeth of the smaller comb, and cannot become mixed or interspersed with the finer
portions of combed wool.
The improved combing machine to operate in the manner described will consist
principally of the large circular feed comb in the centre, and outside the large
feed comb are placed two or more star combs, and two or more circular combs, which
act upon the sliver after it has passed the star combs, in the manner described.
Dated this 24th day of December 1886.
WM. JAS. BAKER,
Town Hall Chambers, Bradford,
Agent for the Applicants.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Circular Combing Machines for Wool and other
Fibrous Substances.
We, CHRISTOPHER BRADLEY, of Thornton Road, Bradford, in the County of York
Machine wool-comb manufacturer, and JOHN RICHARDSON of Horsforth in the County
of York, Steel pin manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
Our invention consists in a novel arrangement of the various parts of a circular
combing machine, which parts consist cheifly of a large circular comb fed with sliver
from the inside two or more *
,,
star or radial combs and two or more ordinary circular
combs operating outside the large circular comb.
To carry out our invention we mount upon a shaft between the centre line of the
vertical frame supporting the dabbing brush and the centre of the large circular feed
comb, a star comb which has its teeth fixed radially. The shaft of this comb is by
preference supported below the combing table, and at such an elevation that its teeth
may be level with the teeth of the large circular feed comb, but by a modification of
the mechanism herein before described the star comb may be mounted upon a shaft
above the combing table, or an ordinary circular comb may be used with similar
results.
The shaft of the star comb is mounted and operates at a right angle to the axis of
the large circular feed comb, and the teeth of the star comb when in operation revolve
in close proximity to the outer teeth of the large circle.
At or about the point of contact of the star comb and the large circular feed comb,
the sliver is dabbed into the teeth of both combs, and as the teeth holding a portion of
sliver seperate, those of the large comb revolving horizontally, and those of the star
comb passing downwards, the portion of sliver projecting outward from the large feed
comb is partially combed and cleansed, the neps or other impurities being drawn by
means of the star comb to the end of the fringe of sliver. The portion of fringe
engaged in the teeth of the star comb is removed therefrom by angular or pointed
knives, whereby the fringe is raised and carried forward to a dead plate by means of
the rotation of the large comb, and is then dabbed into the teeth of a smaller circular
comb operating outside, and close up to the large circular feed comb.
The neps and other impurities brought to the extremity of the fringe of sliver by
means of the star comb, in the manner described, after passing over the dead plate, are
delivered inside the smaller circular comb, so that when the fringe is dabbed into the
teeth of the larger and smaller circular combs, and finally combed by the rotation of
these two combs, the neps or other impurities are left inside the inner row of teeth of
the smaller comb, and cannot become mixed or interspersed with the finer portions
of combed wool.
The improved combing machine to operate in the manner described will consist
principally of the large circular feed comb in the centre, and outside the large

page_text: feed. comb are placed two or more star combs, and two or more circular combs,
which act upon the sliver after it has passed the star combs, in the manner
described.
In order to enable our invention to be fully understood we will proceed to describe
the same with reference to the accompanying drawings in which Figure I represonts
a sectional elevation of our improved combing machine. Figure 2 represents a
sectional plan of the same. Figure 3 represents a plan of the gearing beneath the
table for actuating the different parts of the machine; and Figure 4 represents a plan
of the circles of a combing machine having two large circular combs and two small
circular combs, but operated in a similar manner to the other.
Similar letters refer to similar parts in all the figures.
The circular feed comb A is caused to revolve upon the steam chest B by means
of the internal teeth C with which the teeth of the pinion D engage. The small
circular comb E which revolves upon the steam chest F receives motion by means of
the external teeth G and the pinion H actuated by the gearing beneath the table.
The circular plate J which carries the standards K to which are secured the arnis L,
for the purpose of supporting the balls of wool, is fixed to the rim M which rim has a
toothed external periphery N with which the teeth of the pinion 0 engage; this
pinion also receives motion from the gearing beneath the table. The small standards
or slides P which carry the spouts Q are also fixed to the circular plate J and revolve
with it. The spouts Qbear upon the bridge or curved bar R which bar is, by means
of set screws, adjusted and fixed at the required angle, to cause the spouts to
rise to the necessary height for the purpose of allowing a sufficient quantity of
the sliver S to be pulled through the openings in such spouts, at which openings
the sliver is nipped by the weight of sliding jaws, thereby receiving the required
tension. The sliver S passes down the guide rings fixed to the standards K and
through the openings at the top of the spouts Q, after passing through these
openings the sliver is drawn under the sliding jaws from whence it passes direct to the
feed comb A. As the feed comb A revolves the ends of the fringe of sliver projecting
from the jaws in the spouts Q, are caught under the feed bar T, and as the spouts Q
are at that time travelling up the incline of the bridge or curved bar R a certain
portion of the sliver is pulled from under the jaws in the spouts Q. The fringe thus
pulled out is ploughed out of the teeth of the feed comb by means of the plough knives U,
this fringe then passes over the dead plate V to the dabbing brush W where the fibres.
are dabbed into the teeth of the feed comb A and the teeth of the radial or star comb X,
and as these two combs seperate, the portion of sliver projecting outward from the large
feed comb is partially combed and cleansed, the ncps or other impurities being drawn
by means of the star comb to the end of tho fringe of sliver. The portion of the sliver
engaged in the teeth of the star comb X is removed therefrom by the angular or
pointed knives Z, the fringe is then carried forward to the dead plate A by means of
the rotation of the feed comb A, and is then dabbed into the teeth of the small circular
comb E by the dabbing brush C', the neps or other impurities brought to the
extremity, of the fringe of sliver by means of the star comb X are then delivered inside
the small circular comb E, from whence it is ploughed out by the plough knife D'.
The fringe of sliver is divided after leaving the dabbing brush by the divider E¹,
and the combed wool in the teeth of the smaller circular comb E is drawn off by means
of the rollers F¹, while the combed wool in the teeth of the feed comb revolves with it
until it is drawn off by the rollers G₁, the two slivers of combed wool are then united
and are drawn from the rollers F¹ in a single sliver to the coiler T. The same process
goes on at the other side of the feed comb, thereby two seperate slivers are obtained
by employing one machine.
The feed comb receives motion from the vertical shaft' H' which passes through the
table of the machine and drives the comb by means of the pinion D mounted upon
the upper side of the table. The circular plato J which carries the spouts and
standards K is driven by means of the pinion O fixed on the shaft J' which pinion
gears into the external teeth N. The small circular comb has external teeth formed]
round its periphery into which gears the teeth of the pinion H¹ mounted upon the

page_text: upper side of the table, which pinion is fixed to the shaft M'. The gearing K' which
drives the feed comb, the circular plate J, and the small comb, are actuated by the
vertical shaft N' which is driven by means of the bevil wheels O' from the main
shaft P. Tho radial or star comb X is driven by means of the mitro wheels Q¹ and
and pinion R¹ which receive motion from a pinion fixed to the shaft V' which pinion
engages with the external toothed periphery of the feed comb A.
The object of employing two large circular combs, as shown at Figure 4, is for the
purpose of taking off the sliver at one side of the machine, in place of taking it off in
two parts. The star comb is placed in a similar position in each of the combs as in
the one hereinbefore described, so as to draw out tho fringe of sliver before coming
in contact with the small circular combs, after passing which it is drawn off in a
similar manner as in the one herein before described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is:-
1. The general arrangement and construction of a machine for combing wool and
other fibrous substances substantially as described and represented in the accompanying
drawings.
2. In a circular combing machine the combination of the radial or star combs X,
the feed comb A, and the dabbing brush W for the purpose substantially as described
and represented in the accompanying drawings.