Improvements in Lamps for Burning Gas, Petroleum, or other Liquid Hydrocarbons.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 15th Mar., 1895-Accepted, 27th Apr., 1895
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Lamps for Burning Gas, Petroleum, or other
Liquid Hydrocarbons.
We ERICH SPIEL of No. 85 Thurm Strasse, Berlin, in the Kingdom of
Prussia, German Empire, and WALTER BRÜCKNER of No. 16-18 Zimmer
Strasse of the same place, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The object of this invention is to provide a lamp for burning petroleum or other
liquid hydrocarbons which lamp is capable of producing as good an illuminating
effect as that of an incandescent gas lamp with the advantage of course that it is
portable and as compared with ordinary hydrocarbon lamps or even with incan-
descent gas lamps it is much more economical and efficient in lighting effect; parts
of these improvements being also applicable to gas lamps.
With reference to the hydrocarbon used in the lamp as petroleum, the main
feature of the invention is to provide for the combustion of a mixture of gasified
petroleum with a suitable proportion of air for the purpose of heating a woven
or reticulated cylinder or hood to a state of incandescence.
In the accompanying drawings two forms of lanp, constructed in accordance
with this invention are shewn by way of example Figures 1, 4 and 5 being
longitudinal sections thereof, while Figs. 2, 3, 7 and 8 are plans and Figure 6 a
cross section of detached parts of the lamp.
The construction of the lamp is as follows:
Within the reservoir A which is filled with petroleum to about of its capacity,
through the inlet orifice C (closed by means of a suitable valve or cock) a tube a
is secured, reaching down to the lower part of the said reservoir. Petroleum may
be forced up the tube a by means of an air pump B and from thence passing
through the branch tubes c c to the gasifier or gas generator d consisting of a flat
annular case into which project the ends of a bent or yoke-shaped tube c¹.
Through the ends or arms of the said tube c¹ the gasified petroleum is conducted to
the nozzle e, provided at the curved portion of the tube c¹. On the nozzle e there
is fitted a tube g, wherein the gases mix with the air admitted through the
perforations f. The tube g is enlarged at the top situated below the gasifier and
has small perforations provided both in its sides or circumference and in its top
(see Figures 1, 3 and 4) through which perforations part of the gases escape and
as they are burned they serve to heat the gasifier d. A portion of the heated
gases passes off, through the contracted extension h of the tube g into a Bunsen
burner fitted to the lamp. This burner, in the example shewn, consists of a
hollow space or chamber and a lid or cover q provided with perforations r.
said burner has also lateral channels or ports 1 formed in it, for the admission of a
These
further supply of air to the gases escaping through the perforations r.
gases are then burned and the flame heats the plaited cylinder or hood to
incandescence. Owing to the provision of the said lateral air-inlets 1, the
same burner may also, if desired, be rendered serviceable for incandescent gas
lamns.
The

page_text: In order to start gasification, spirit is burned in the basin 6 mounted upon, and
surrounding, the tube a while the continuance of the gas-generating process is
ensured by the combustion of part of the gas which is produced and which issues
as stated through the perforations i. In order to concentrate the radiating heat,
the gasifier d together with its tubes e c¹ and a is surrounded by a casing or
envelope M wherein provision is made for the requisite air supply and ventilation
by perforations m and n the perforations m being controllable by means of a
ring k.
In the modified arrangement illustrated in Figure 5 the combustion of the
gasified petroleum takes place at one point instead of at two points. Owing to
the fact that the gasifier is here situated within the chimney, one and the same
flame serves to heat the plaited or woven cylinder or dome and to gasify the
petroleum.
The gas producer here consists of a cylinder a closed at the top, in which two
tubes cand e (which may be conveniently of semicircular section) are secured in such
a manner as to rise to different heights as shewn. The lower enlarged portion of
the tube c descends to the lower part of the petroleum reservoir A. An air
pump B serves to force the petroleum up the said tube c and as the petroleum
reaches the upper end of the said tube c it is converted into gas. The other
tube c which projects into the cylinder a for a greater distance than does the
tube c serves to conduct the gas through the flame so that the said gas is heated
before it is discharged through the outlet-orifice or nozzle e. A cylindrical
envelope or casing M surrounding the tubes cc¹ and nozzle e and the gas on issuing
from the said nozzle mixes with the air admitted into the said casing, and the
mixture of gas and air pass out at the top of the said casing the semicircular piece
ats deflecting the mixture so that it does not rise on one side only and eventually
it is evenly distributed within, or spread over, the space provided underneath the
cap or cover g from which space the mixture of gas and air escapes through
the perforations i, to be burned and thereby to effect both the heating of the
reticulated cylinder or hood to glow-white heat or incandescence and the
gasification of the petroleum.
Gasification is started as in the arrangement Figure 1 by means of a spirit
flame kindled in the cup-shaped portion b of the oil reservoir A.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is.
1. In lamps for burning petroleum or other liquid hydrocarbons the provision
of a gasifier wherein the petroleum or the like rising under pressure is converted
into gas, in combination with means for supplying air to mix with the gas and
with a burner fitted with a body such as a reticulated cylinder or hood adapted to
be heated to incandescence, all substantially as hereinbefore described.
2. In a lamp arranged as claimed by the preceding claiming clause a gasifier so
arranged that a portion of the gasified petroleum or the like is mixed with air and
utilized for heating the gasifier while the remainder of the gasified petroleum or
the like is allowed to proceed to the burner of the lamp and mix with air to be
burnt to heat a body such as the reticulated cylinder or hood all substantially as
herein before described.
3. In a lamp for burning gas, petroleum or other hydrocarbons the provision in
combination with a burner and a body such as a reticulated cylinder or hood of
lateral air-inlets which serve to conduct air to the place or seat of combustion, and
into the flame substantially as herein before described with reference to the tubes
in Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings.
4. The arrangement and combination of parts constituting a lamp for burning
gas, petroleum or other liquid hydrocarbons substantially as bereinbefore described
and illustrated by Figures 1 to 4 of the accompanying drawings.

page_text: 5. The arrangement and combination of parts constituting a lamp for burning
petroleum or other liquid hydrocarbons substantially as hereinbefore described and
illustrated by Figures 5 to 8 of the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 15th day of March 1895.
JOHNSONS & WILLCOX,
Agents.