AN IMPROVED MATERIAL OR COMPOSITION TO BE EMPLOYED FOR COVERING OR COATING THE INTERIOR SURFACES OF MOULDS, CRUCIBLES "OR DUCTS, PREVIOUS TO THEIR RECEIVING THE MOLTEN METAL IN THE PROCESS OF CASTING AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Durrans, of Oldham, in the County of
Lancaster, Coal Merchant, one of the Executors of James Durrans, of
Thurlstone, near Penistone, in the County of York (deceased), for the
Invention of "AN IMPROVED MATERIAL OR COMPOSITION TO BE EMPLOYED FOR
COVERING OR COATING THE INTERIOR SURFACES OF MOULDS, CRUCIBLES "OR
DUCTS, PREVIOUS TO THEIR RECEIVING THE MOLTEN METAL IN THE PROCESS OF
CASTING AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES."
Sealed the 11th February 1868, and dated the 6th December 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Durrans at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
December 1867.
I, JAMES DURRANS, of 'Thurlstone, near Penistone, in the County of York,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MATERIAL
OR COMPOSITION TO BE EMPLOYED FOR COVERING OR COATING THE INTERIOR SURFACES
OF MOULDS, CRUCIBLES, OR DUCTS, PREVIOUS TO THEIR RECEIVING THE MOLTEN
METAL IN THE PROCESS OF CASTING, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My Invention is designed to produce or supply a material or compound to
be employed as a protective coating or covering for the enterior surface of
moulds or vessels used to contain molten Bessemer steel or other molten
metals, or for the surfaces of ducts or channels through which molten metals
run or pass during the process of casting.
The improved composition consists of carbonized coal or graphite, which

page_text: may be specially carbonized and mixed with water, having been previously
pulverized or reduced to powder or suitable liquid to make it into a paste or
solution, or the carbonized coal may be obtained from the interior surface of
retorts which have contained coal, and from which it becomes incrusted. This
solution or mixture is to be applied to the surfaces requiring protection from
the molten metal, and allowed to become dry and hard, when it forms a hard
heat-resisting surface, and imparts to the casting a fine surface or finish, and
when applied to the ducts or channels it assists the flow of the metal and pre-
vents adhesion of" slag "or refuse to the sides thereof. The compound may
also be employed for tapping cupolas, for which purpose it is preferable to
sand, as it will not vitrify, and it may be used for dressing castings.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by Richard Durrans in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 3rd June
1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RICHARD
DURRANS, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, Coal Merchant, one of
the Executors of James Durrans, of Thurlstone, near Penistone, in the
County of York, who departed this life on the Twenty-first day of December,
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixth day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirty-first year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
him, the said James Durrans, Her special licence that he, the said James
Durrans, his executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as he, the
said James Durrans, his executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED
MATERIAL OR COMPOSITION TO BE EMPLOYED FOR COVERING OR COATING THE INTERIOR
SURFACES OF MOULDS, CRUCIBLES, OR DUCTS, PREVIOUS TO THEIR RECEIVING THE
MOLTEN METAL IN THE PROCESS OF CASTING, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES," upon the
condition (amongst others) that he, the said James Durrans, his executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under his, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature

page_text: of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Richard Durrans, as such Executor as
aforesaid, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My Invention is designed to produce or supply a material or compound to
be employed as a protective coating or covering for the interior surfaces of
moulds or vessels used to contain molten Bessemer steel or other molten
metals, or for the surfaces of ducts or channels through which molten metals
run or pass during the process of casting.
'The improved composition consists of carbonized coal or graphite, which
may be specially carbonized and pulverized, or reduced to powder and mixed
with water or suitable liquid to make it into a paste or solution, or the
carbonized coal may be obtained from the interior surface of retorts which
have contained coal, and upon which it becomes incrusted. This solution or
mixture is to be applied to the surfaces of moulds or channels requiring
protection from the molten metal and allowed to become dry and hard, when
it forms a hard heat-resisting surface, and imparts to the casting a fine
surface or finish, and when applied to the ducts or channels it assists the flow
of the metal therein, and prevents adhesion of "slag" or refuse to the sides
thereof. The compound may also be employed for tapping cupolas, for which
purpose it is preferable to sand, as it will not vitrify, and it may be used for
dressing castings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Durrans, as such Executor as
aforesaid, have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Second day of
June. One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight.
Witnessed by
JOHN L. DAVIES,
Office for Patents,
Manchester
RICHARD DURRANS. (L.S.)
Exor.