Pressure Engines.
Year: 1884

page_text: олег гиша
Pressure Engines.
I JOHN ELLIOTT of 105 Marine Parade Worthing in the County of Sussex
Civil Engineer do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM AIR OR OTHER FLUID PRESSURE ENGINES
to be as follows:-
"
My invention relates to a method of constructing motive power engines and to
the use therein of a packing adapted to prevent the escape of steam or vapour and
to diminish friction in working.
The said engines may be actuated either by steam, gas, water, compressed air,
bisulphide of carbon, ammonia, ether or other expansive exploding or impelling
agent, and are intended to be constructed so as to admit of a packing of mercury
being contained between the piston and cylinder in order to reduce to a minimum
the escape of the impelling agent and to diminish friction.
The cylinder is constructed with double vertical walls as high as may be required
for the length of stroke and the space between such walls is filled with mercury
which forms the impervious packing for the piston. This piston is or may be in
the form of a cylinder of a suitable diameter to allow of its moving up and down
in the mercury between the walls of the main cylinder but with a closed bottom
forming a resisting plate on or against which the impelling fluid or gas can exert
its expansive force.
The height or depth of the cylinder and the quantity of mercury within its
double walls should be proportioned to the pressure intended to be employed for
moving the piston, which may be either in the form described above or it may be
made solid and to work within the inner case of the the main cylinder or as a
cylinder with a resisting plate as a horizontal partition at the upper end.
The outer case of the main cylinder and the piston itself should each be long
enough to keep the mercury that may be forced to rise by the internal pressure in
the cylinder at about the same average width throughout the stroke and also to
afford an equal average resistance to the escape of the impelling agent.
When required the parts exposed to the action of an impelling fluid or gas of a
deleterious nature may be protected by coating them with enamel or otherwise,
CD271

page_text: By the introduction of mercury as a packing the necessity of boring and turning
of the cylinder and piston is or may be dispensed with simple castings being
sufficient and they may be constructed with a combination of wood or stoneware
and metal. By this means considerable economy in the construction of engines
will be effected.
The actuating agent to move the piston may be admitted either at the top or
bottom of the cylinder or through the piston so long as it is so admitted as to drive
the piston upwards from the bottom of the cylinder and so as to prevent the escape
of such actuating agent (otherwise than through the mercury) until the stroke is.
completed.
If required water may be introduced above the mercury between the outer case
of the cylinder and the piston.
There are suitable arrangements for admitting the impelling fluid or gas and
allowing it to escape as required and also for transmitting the motion of the piston
to the driving shaft of a machine tram car or apparatus required to be worked.
10th Daaamhow 1001
W. SPENCE & SON,
Agents for the Applicant,
8, Quality Court.

page_text: Improvements in the Construction of Steam, Air, or other Fluid
Pressure Engines.
"
I JOHN ELLIOTT of 105 Marine Parade Worthing in the County of Sussex Civil
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of my said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
and
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STEAM, AIR, OR OTHER FLUID PRESSURE ENGINES
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to a method of constructing motive power engines or
engines in which expansive fluids require to be mixed with or made to permeate
substances and to the use therein of a packing adapted to prevent the escape of
steam, gas, water or vapour and to diminish friction in working.
The said engines may be actuated either by steam, gas, water, compressed air,
bisulphide of carbon, ammonia, ether or other expansive exploding or impelling
agent and are intended to be constructed so as to admit of a packing of mercury
being contained in the double walls of the outer case or cylinder in which the
outer case of the piston is to move up and down in the middle of the mercury in
order to reduce to a minimum the escape of the impelling agent and to diminish
friction.
In the accompanying drawings the outer case or containing cylinder is shown
constructed with double vertical walls a a as high as may be required for the
length of stroke and the space between such walls is filled with mercury which
forms the impervious packing for the piston b to work in. This piston is or may
be in the form of a cylinder with double walls for part of its height, having the
outer wall. to move up and down between the walls of the outer case or cylinder
and the inner wall within the containing case or cylinder as in figure 1 or with
one outer wall to move up and down between the walls of the outer case or
cylinder as in figures 2 and 3.
In the first form of piston as in figure 1 the portion of the piston within the
inner wall of the outer case or cylinder may be solid or if hollow with a horizontal
resisting plate c at its top or bottom or both; in the second form of piston, as in
figures 2 and 3 with only one outer wall; a horizontal resisting plate c is provided
above the mercury packing in the outer case or cylinder on or against which
plate the impelling fluid or steam or gas exerts its expansive power and on this
horizontal plate the transmitting shaft e and gear can be fixed.
The impelling agent may be admitted either at the bottom as in figures 1 and 2
or at the top as in fig. 3 or with inlet pipe at the top and the outlet at the bottom
or the reverse, suitable inlet and outlet valves being provided.
The height or depth of the outer case or cylinder and the quantity of mercury
within its double walls must be proportionate to the pressure intended to be
employed in moving the piston and the outer case of the containing cylinder a
and the outer wall of the piston b should each be high enough to keep the mercury
that may be caused to rise by the internal pressure against the piston within the
outer case of that and the outer case of the containing cylinder so as to ensure the
-
.

page_text: mercury offering an equal average resistance throughout the stroke to the escape of
the impelling agent.
In order to prevent any abnormal pressure by the initial action of the impelling
agent, a collar formed either of an india rubber ring or of tow or other suitable
elastic packing between upper and lower plates of metal hinged together at one
end or sliding in sockets should be secured above the standing level of the mercury
to the outer case of the piston, and also to the inner wall of the outer case or
cylinder.
When required the parts exposed to the action of an impelling fluid or gas of a
deleterious nature may be protected by coating them with enamel or otherwise.
By the introduction of mercury as a packing the necessity of boring and turning
of the cylinder and piston is or may be dispensed with, simple castings being
sufficient and they may be constructed with a combination of wood or stoneware
and metal. By this means considerable economy in the construction of engines
will be effected and cylinders of large diameter may be used thereby admitting of
the use of low pressure or of low power in the impelling agent.
The actuating agent to move the piston may be admitted either at the top or
bottom of the cylinder or through the piston so long as it is so admitted as to drive
the piston upwards from either the bottom or top of the cylinder and so as to
prevent the escape of such actuating agent (otherwise than through the mercury
packing) until the stroke is completed.
募
If required water may be introduced above the mercury between the outer case
of the cylinder and the outer wall of the piston..
1.
There are suitable arrangements for admitting the impelling fluid or gas and
allowing it to escape as required and also for transmitting the motion of the piston
to the driving shaft of a machine tram car or any apparatus required to be worked.
I have not thought it necessary to describe any particular arrangement for
communicating the power of the engine to machinery required to be driven as this
forms no part of my invention. Neither have I represented or described in detail.
any of the minor, parts of mechanism to be used in the engines and have only
referred to them in their connection with the main features of my invention which
relates essentially to the use of a packing of mercury whereby the construction of
engines can be greatly economised and steam or other impelling agent of low,
pressure employed, whereby also there results the practicability of protecting by
enamel or other coating the working parts exposed to the action of any corrosive
gas or vapour'employed as the impelling agent.
+
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said'
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what'
I claim is
First. The construction of steam air or other fluid pressure engines so as to
adapt them for the use therein of a packing of mercury substantially as and for the
purpose or purposes described.
And Secondly. The use of a packing of mercury to prevent the escape of steam
or other impelling fluid in the manner substantially as described,