IMPROVEMENTS IN STUDS OR FASTENINGS ADAPTED TO HOLDING TOGETHER PARTS OF SHIRT FRONTS, WRISTBANDS, COLLARS, GLOVES, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF WEARING APPAREL
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Henry Atkinson, of the Cavendish Club,
Regent Street, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN STUDS OR FASTENINGS ADAPTED TO HOLDING TOGETHER
PARTS OF SHIRT FRONTS, WRISTBANDS, COLLARS, GLOVES, AND OTHER ARTICLES
OF WEARING APPAREL."
Sealed the 11th September 1863, and dated the 17th March 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Henry Atkinson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th March 1863.
I, WILLIAM HENRY ATKINSON, of the Cavendish Club, Regent Street, in the
County of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STUDS OR FASTENINGS ADAPTED TO HOLDING
TOGETHER PARTS OF SHIRT FRONTS, WRISTBANDS, COLLARS, GLOVES, AND OTHER
ARTICLES OF WEARING APPAREL," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of certain improvements in the construction of studs
or fastenings, the object of which is that such studs or fastenings shall be
adaptable to eyelet-holes instead of to the ordinary button-holes, and also that
the studs shall be applied and fastened to the garment without any derange-
ment or creasing being caused thereto by the application of such stud or
fastening.
The studs are made on two principles, one of which is that their discs or
heads shall be separable from each other, the pillar, tube union, or connecting
pin being inserted through the eyelet-holes, and the disc being then replaced
and fixed; the other principle being that of forming the stud with one disc

page_text: only, and inserting the holders, wires, bars, or fastenings at the back thereof
through the eyelet-holes, leaving the stud exposed.
In the examples of the first method I propose to adopt a variety of con-
trivances for fastening and detaching the discs; these consist of spring catches,
screws, pins, slotted pins, and keys, spring snaps, or wedge-shaped pins, or pins
with angular heads shutting into a spring plate which closes into a groove
above the wedge, the spring plate being concealed in the interior of the other
disc, and being actuated by a projection at the side of the disc or head, which
projection is moved by the finger nail. These methods of fastening and
releasing the discs may be modified or varied in many respects without altering
the principle of the Invention, spiral and india-rubber thread springs being
equally adaptable.
By the second method I propose to attach at the back of the stud two wires
or bars of metal, straight or curved, one of which is fixed, and the other
moveable on a centre, and capable of being turned round by the head of the
stud; these two pins being placed in a line, they are inserted through the
eyelet-holes, and the moveable pin being turned in the opposite direction, a
long and straight bar is formed, which holds the stud securely in position.
Another method is to attach a wire of the form of a hook, and to insert the
end thereof downwards through the eyelets, then to push the bent end upwards
through them, when by means of a thread or loop of india-rubber attached to the
centre of the hook at the back of the disc the stud will be maintained in position.
While the end of the wire is being pushed downwards through the eyelets, the
india-rubber thread stretches up to the bent end of the hook, so as to allow it
to come down to the eyelet; the thread shrinks when the bent end is forced
upwards, and obviously supports the hook in a central position. Or the hook
may be made so as to close together and hold the garment firmly, thus
maintaining its position without the aid of the rubber. The back of the stud
may be fitted with a small angular or L-piece fixed thereto, and a similar
moveable piece below it sliding in a groove and kept outwards by a spiral
spring. By pressing the latter upwards, the two can be inserted into the
eyelet-holes and then released, when the moveable hook will spring down and
secure the stud.
From the foregoing remarks it will readily be understood that the precise
form and position of these various fastenings is a mere matter of taste, their
arrangement and position being almost unlimited, although strictly in con-
formity with the object to be attained.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Henry Atkinson in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 17th September 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
HENRY ATKINSON, of the Cavendish Club, Regent Street, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, send greeting.
°
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-sixth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said William Henry Atkinson, Her special licence that I, the said William
Henry Atkinson, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said William Henry Atkinson, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STUDS OR FASTENINGS ADAPTED TO HOLDING TOGETHER
PARTS OF SHIRT FRONTS, WRISTBANDS, COLLARS, GLOVES, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF
WEARING APPAREL," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
William Henry Atkinson, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Henry Atkinson, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
This Invention consists of certain improvements in the construction of studs
or fastenings, the object of which is that such studs or fastenings shall be
adaptable to eyelet-holes instead of to the ordinary button-holes, and also
that the studs shall be applied and fastened to the garment without any
derangement or creasing being caused thereto by the application of such stud
or fastening.
The studs are made on two principles, one of which is that their discs or
heads shall be separable from cach other, the pillar, tube, union or connecting

page_text: pin being inserted through the eyelet-holes, and the disc being then replaced
and fixed; the other principle being that of forming the stud with one disc
only, and inserting the holders, wires, bars, or fastenings at the back thereof
through the eyelet-holes, leaving the stud exposed.
In the examples of the first method, I adopt a variety of contrivances for
fastening and detaching the discs; these consist of spring catches, screws,
pins, slotted pins, and keys, spring snaps, or wedge-shaped pins, or pins with
angular heads shutting into a spring plate which closes into a groove above the
wedge, the spring plate being concealed in the interior of the other disc, and
being actuated by a projection at the side of the disc or head, which projection
is moved by the finger nail. These methods of fastening and releasing the
discs may be modified or varied in many respects without altering the principle
of the Invention, spiral and india-rubber thread springs being equally
applicable.
By the second method I attach at the back of the stud two wires or bars
of metal, straight or curved, one of which is fixed, and the other moveable on
a centre, and capable of being turned round by the head of the stud; these
two pins being placed in a line, they are inserted through the eyelet holes,
and the moveable pin being turned in the opposite direction, a long and straight
or curved bar is formed, which holds the stud securely in position.
Another method is to attach a wire of the form of a hook, and to insert the
end thereof downwards through the eyelets, then to push the bent end upwards
through them, when by means of a thread or loop of india-rubber attached to
the centre of the book at the back of the disc the stud will be maintained in
position. While the end of the wire is being pushed downwards through the
eyelets, the india-rubber thread stretches up to the bent end of the hook, so as
to allow it to come down to the eyelet; the thread shrinks when the bent end
is forced upwards, and obviously supports the hook in a central position. Or
the hook may be made so as to close together and hold the garment firmly,
tbus maintaining its position without the aid of the rubber. The back of the
stud may be fitted with a small angular or L-piece fixed thereto, and a similar
moveable piece below it sliding in a groove and kept outwards by a spiral
spring. By pressing the latter upwards the two can be inserted into the eyelet
holes and then released, when the moveable hook will spring down and secure
the stud.
From the foregoing description it will readily be understood that the precise
form and position of these various fastenings may be modified in many ways,
their arrangement and position being almost unlimited, although strictly in
conformity with the object to be attained.

page_text: In order to explain more fully my said Invention, I now refer to the
accompanying Sheet of Drawings, in which Fig. 1 shews a section of a stud
containing a spiral spring actuating the projection a, which holds the stud in
position after its insertion, which is accomplished by turning the projection to
a line with the opposite one b. Fig. 2 shews the projection turned down in
line accordingly. A pin may pass through the centre and be turned by a
button in front of the stud. Fig. 3 shews a stud held in position by means of
a V-spring. Fig. 4 shews a stud for button holes with a moveable projection a
turned at the back. Fig. 5 shews a single disc stud with a curved spring,
which is inserted into the eyelet-hole and kept in position by the shaft c.
Fig. 6 shews a similar arrangement of stud, which is kept in position by the
india-rubber thread d, suitable for eyelets. Fig. 7 is a similar arrangement
to Fig. 4, with a small bar for eyelets instead of button-holes. Fig. 8 is an
eyelet stud with a flat spring e to keep it in position. Fig. 9 shews a. stud
with a spiral spring in the interior of the front of the stud actuating a sliding
projection a; and Fig. 10 is a similar stud with the spring in the rear disc of
the stud. Figs. 11 and 12 shew an arrangement of sleeve link actuated by a
screw; Fig. 11 is the link opened, and Fig. 12 shews it closed.
These Drawings will be sufficient to shew the principle of the Invention,
which may be varied or modified to any extent without departing from the
general principles thereof; but what I claim and desire to be secured to me
by the herein in part recited Letters Patent are, the general arrangement and
combination of parts as described and partly shewn, or any others, substantially
the same, constituting the improved studs or fastenings for shirt fronts, wrist-
bands, collars, gloves, and other articles of wearing apparel.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Henry Atkinson, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of September, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.
WILLIAM HENRY ATKINSON. (L.S.)
0 Witness,
ALEX. PRINCE,
Office for Patents,
4, Trafalgar Square,
Charing Cross.