SIMILAR VESSELS AND IN STOPPERS FOR THE SAME, AND BE USED IN THEIR MANUFACTURE
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Abrahain Pullan, of New Cross Road, in the County, of
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOTTLES AND
Surrey, Engineer, for an Invention of
"
SIMILAR VESSELS AND IN STOPPERS FOR THE SAME, AND
BE USED IN THEIR MANUFACTURE"
IN APPARATUS TO
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Abraham Pullan at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th September.1882.
ABRAHAM PULLAN, of New Cross Road, in the County of Surrey, Engineer,
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BOTTLES AND SIMILAR VESSELS, AND IN STOPPERS FOR THE
SAME, AND IN APPARATUS TO BE USED IN THEIR MANUFACTURE
"
My Invention relates to the construction of bottles and similar vessels, and
stoppers or valves for the same, and to apparatus to be used in the manufacture of
the said bottles or other vessels and of the said stoppers or valves.
According to one part of my said Invention I provide a bottle or similar vessel
with a removable neck or top made of metal, glass, ebonite, vulcanized fibre or
other suitable material, which may be galvanized, electro-plated, or enamelled to
represent any metal, or coloured, if desired, to give it an attractive appearance, and
treated to prevent, rust, contamination, or chemical action arising from contact with
the contents of the bottle or other vessel.
The said neck or top is connected with the body of the bottle or other vessel by
screw-threads or other suitable means. Between the neck and body there is an
elastic washer to ensure a tight joint. Inside the neck at the upper end a groove,
screw-thread, or recess of any suitable shape, is, in some instances, made and fitted
with a ring of india-rubber or other elastic material, preferably soft vulcanized
fibre, paper, parchment, or the like, which does not in any way affect or impair the
quality of the contents of the bottle or other vessel; the said bottle necks or tops
are fitted in any suitable manner with stoppers or valves which may consist of
glass or other marbles, cones, discs, plugs or pieces of other form made of glass,
porcelain, or other suitable material, to be used with elastic rings or seatings to
prevent the escape of the compressed gas from the bottle or other vessel when charged.

page_text: In the said necks or tops there are pins, links, stops, or similar devices cast,
moulded, or fitted in to prevent the stopper from falling into the bottle when
opened, and also to prevent the stopper from interfering with the pouring out of
the contents of the bottle; or the said stoppers are allowed to fall into the bottle,
and only one set of pins, stops, or other devices are used to prevent any interférence
on the part of the stoppers with the pouring out of the liquid. External stoppers
can also be used and be fitted to the said removable necks or tops by hinged joints
levers and racks, or other contrivances to secure the same and retain the pressure
in the bottle or other vessel.
When the bottles or other vessels are to resist pressure, the removable necks or
tops are made round in order to obtain greater strength, and it is not necessary to
flatten or forin indentations in them to prevent the stopper from falling into the
bottle, or into the outlet when emptying.
I also make a stopper of elastic or non-elastic material to enter from the outside
of the neck or top at any angle, the pressure acting upon the side instead of upon
the end of the stopper. A pin is fitted in the stopper to prevent its being taken
out of the neck and being lost, and a pin with a collar and eye, for drawing the
stopper, is fitted through the centre of the same.
Another stopper constructed according to my said invention is adapted to fit
upon a seat of elastic or non-elastic material and has a hole or passage through it,
and a stud upon it, to project outside of the neck and receive a rod for turning the
stopper to act like a tap in opening or closing the bottle or other vessel; the pressure
in the bottle keeps the stopper tight to its seat in one case, and when there is no
pressure the chamber, recess, pins, or stops fitted in the neck keep the stoppers
tight to their seats as well as preventing their dropping into the bottle. When
the necks are made solid upon the bottle this stopper is placed inside the neck
during the manufacture of the same, but by making the neck separate from the
body of the bottle, I am enabled to fit large stoppers in from the bottom end,
and the diameter of the hole in the neck or outlet being less than the stoppers, it is
impossible for the latter to be forced out by the pressure inside.
In some cases, I make the external stoppers of glass, earthenware, or other suitable
material, with or without a ring or covering of elastic material, and secure
them by the devices herein before described, or by a pin or screw passing through
the neck and stopper. When a cork is used with the metal necks, a pin or nail is
driven through the side of the neck into the cork, and the bottle can then be easily
opened.
Another form of stopper consists of a disc of steel or other suitable material
which is forced through the opening in the neck of the bottle and the upper side
of which is covered with elastic material to make a joint with a projecting rin or
shoulder in the bottle neck; or the discs are made of vulcanized fibre, or parchment
so that when the pressure comes upon the stopper it will cause it to compress the
elastic material upon its face, or an elastic ring in a groove when used with a plain
disc. To prevent the disc falling into the bottle, one or more projections or cross
bars of wire are fitted in the bottle as hereinafter described; or two upper ones
are fitted at right angles to two lower ones, to turn the disc upon its side, when
the bottle is opened, so that in pouring out the contents of the bottle, the disc will
fall flat on the lowest side of the bottle neck, and can be placed in that position
when cleaning the bottle.
According to another part of my invention I construct bottles entirely of glass or
similar material with circular corrugated necks or shoulders, the lower corrugation
prevents the stopper from entering the body of the bottle, and the upper corrugation
is made suitable to receive and retain the stopper while its contents are being
poured out; or instead of the corrugations I use one or more projecting stops
formed on the glass at the lower end of the neck to prevent the ball or other
'stopper from entering the body of the bottle, and a similar device above the lower
ones to prevent the stopper entering the mouth while emptying. These projections
are made in the neck of the bottle by means of contracting mandrils or spring, orð

page_text: or
other tongs or tools, having the form of the stop or projection made in them, for
the glass or other material to pass into or around the sume, keeping the outside of
the bottle perfectly circular, and without any indentations outside. When any
elastic or other stopper is used, which by falling into the bottle will not "star
injure the same, the lower projections, stops, or corrugations, do not require to be
made in the bottles, thus giving greater facility for cleaning the inside of the bottle.
Instead of using inside tools to make the projecting stops, round, or otherwiso
shaped, projections are fitted in the bottle-mould and the glass runs over them,
leaving a recess or recesses on the outside of the neck, the neck is still kept round
having no flat surfaces to weaken the bottle. In some cases I make recesses
inside the neck of the bottle and fit in them tinned wire or other cross-bars to prevent
the stoppers from falling into the bottle, or mouth; or in place of recesses, projections
are made and cross-bars fitted onto them, or the cross-bars are placed in the mould
or glass at the time of making the bottle.
According to another part of my said invention the bottle neck is made with a
screw-thread; a stopper or valve of any suitable description is placed in the bottle,
and a tube or bush, preferably of cork, is then forced into the bottle neck by a
bottling machine or otherwise, or the said bush is screwed therein; the end of this
tube or bush forms the seating for an internal stopper or valve. Instead of
screw-thread in the bottle neck a projecting ring or rings, recesses or grooves are,
in some cases, made in the bottle neck so that when the said tube or bush -is
forced into the bottle neck, the cork being elastic is forced by the pressure in the
bottle into the shape of the said rings or grooves in the neck.
A seat of elastic tasteless material is sometimes fitted at the bottom of the screw-
thread in the bottle neck for the internal stopper or valve. This seat is held in
position by a hollow elastic screw-ferrule or cap made either plain, ribbed, recessed,
or screw-threaded and of metal, glass, wood, vegetable ivory or other material
that will not collapse or yield in driving it into the cork or other elastic bush, to
extend the same into the screw-threads in the bottle neck, and the contents of the
bottle do not pass over the elastic material in pouring out.
In some cases I employ an external stopper of glass, earthenware, or other.
material suitable for the contents of the bottle or other vessel, this stopper is
adapted to screw into a ferrule or bush fixed in the bottle neck as above described,
and a tight joint is made by the point of the stopper screwing down tight upon
the clastic material in the neck; the said frerules and bushes are dipped in any
suitable cement or the like that adheres tenaciously to smooth surfaces, before
being inserted into the bottle necks, vertical grooves or projections are made in the
bottle to prevent the ferrule or bush turning round in the neck when the screw-
stopper is manipulated. Solid corks can be driven or otherwise fixed in the
bottle neck and the required apertures made in them after they are fixed in
place. The pitch of screw on the stopper, in some cases, is the same as that in the
neck, so as to press the elastic furrule or bush more evenly into the screw-thread in.
the neck. The pitch, shape, or number of threads to the inch upon the stoppers
can be varied as desired.
I also make a screw ferrule or a bush- with internal and external screw-threads
and of any material that will work sinoothly and easily with stoppers of glass,
compound asbestos, pottery or the like. The said ferrules or bushes are cast in a
mould with the required screw-threads made therein and the materials are poured
or pressed into the same; or I take a tube of pure tin or any alloy that is soft and
will not injure the contents of the bottle and place this tube in a die having the
required external screw thread with a central mandril or plug having the internal
thread required formed upon it suitably constructed to make the ferrule or bush in
the lengths required. Gutta-percha, vulcanized fibre, or india-rubber tube, or the
like, softened by heat and placed in the aforesaid die will produce the said ferrules
or bush, or any suitable material is run into the die; or the threads are cut upon
the said bushes. The said ferrule or bush is screwed into the bottle neck with
cement, or is otherwise fixed so that the screw stopper will not move it.

page_text: For some purposes I use a plain hole in the fixed ferrule or bush, and a plain
smooth stopper made of any suitable material is pressed tightly in and can be
taken out without any fear of drawing out the elastic ferrule or bush. With this
mode of stoppering I use asbestos faced india-rubber, or compound asbestos, or
asbestos sheet, either pure or compounded with canvas or paper for the bush or
ferrule for the bottle neck or the stopper; or the stopper may be made solid or
hollow of asbestos rolled up and pressed into shape, the stoppers may be plain or
have threads upon them, or they can be made of vulcanized fibre which will work
well with glass and like material.
According to another part of my Invention I take an ordinary cork and insert
in it at one end a wood-screw or similar device, so that the said screw extends to
within a short distance from the other end of the said cork to give strength to the
cork, the cork is then driven into the neck of a bottle or other vessel provided with
a screw-thread, by a machine or otherwise, which is all that is necessary to retain it
in the bottle against any required pressure, without the use of wire, string, or the
like. When it is required to empty the bottle it is only necessary to unscrew the
cork but if the cork was not strengthened by the screw or other device it would
twist or break off at the top of the bottle neck in unscrewing. By these means I
provide a perfect stopper with a plain cork without any packing, india-rubber, or
the like, that impairs the taste of the contents of the bottle. It is obvious that I can
strengthen the cork in many ways for the purpose above described, for instance I can
employ a screw or rod either solid or hollow made of metal, vulcanite, glass, ivory
or other material screwed or driven into the cork or passed through the same. And
the said screw or rod may be galvanized, enamelled, or otherwise treated to prevent
rust or corrosion when the liquid soaks through the cork.
When hollow screws
or rods are employed, valves of any kind can be fitted at the bottoin end, or at any
part of the same, the stopper being the foundation of the same without any other
attachment, and being simply taken out and replaced when required. I may also
employ spindles with square or otherwise shaped shanks and suitable heads and if
any material be used that would injure the contents of the bottle, by contact
therewith it must be dipped in liquid ebonite or elastic varnish or a cement made
from cork or the like, the cork or stopper may be bored out and filled up by any
liquid material run into it, or plastic material pressed in, which will become hard
and strengthen the same, care being taken to leave sufficient cork to make it
elastic enough to be forced into the bottle neck and expand into the threads in the
same; any material may be used for this kind of stopper which is elastic enough
to be forced into the bottle neck either screwed or plain such as asbestos or
.compound asbestos, or faced with india rubber on each side and having ends of
asbestos or any kind of fibre, linen, cotton, paper or the like.. Some of them will
work for a time without being strengthened, but one peculiar feature of my
invention is forcing or driving an elastic stopper or cork into a bottle neck or the
like provided with a screw thread or threads in the manner and for the purpose
hereinbefore explained. Some of the materials used for this kind of stoppers might
catch the screw threads when being forced in to the bottle neck; to prevent this
inconvenience I use a kind of spring-die or ferrule made of very thin steel or
hardened slicet brass or other suitable material; it is cut into two or more legs or
blades, and inserted in the bottle neck before the cork or stopper is inserted and
withdrawn alter the cork or stopper is driven in and the stopper will then expand
into the threads-I find that ordinary corks will not require this spring die; in
some cases I place a tube or capsule of thin tin-foil, paper, or other material in the
bottle neck or upon the cork to be forced into the threads and enable the stopper
to be taken out more easily. To prevent the cork or stopper being forced too far
into the bottle the circular flange or projection or conical seat is inade at the bottom
of the screw thread, of less diameter than the top of the same in the bottle neck
and the head of the cork is made square or of other suitable shape so as to give a
better hold in unscrewing the cork or stopper. To enable the machine now in
use for filling bottles with internal stoppers to fill bottles having external screw-

page_text: stoppers I fit the stopper with a small internal ball or valve as above described for
the removable necks or tops; the small valve being pressed down will permit the
escape of the superfluous gas. To fill the screw-stoppered bottles without the
last named device I make the plunger or screw driver of the bottling machine
with screw threads upon it of the same pitch as that in the bottle necks and work
it by a hand wheel, or otherwise, or the screw-driver has no screw threads but
pressure is applied at the upper end to keep the same in contact with the head of
the screw and the screw-driver is turned in any suitable manner. When the
external stopper is attached by a chain or the like to the bottle neck to prevent its
being lost the stopper is attached to the bottle by a spring split pin or the like
after the stopper is placed in or on the bottle by the machine. For the packing.
for the heads or joints of the stoppers, or for the stopper seats I use an elastic ring
or cord covered with fibre, tin, or alloy, or other suitable material, by preference
india-rubber faced with asbestos, soft vulcanized fibre, paper, or the like, to prevent
contamination or chemical action arising from contact with the contents of the
bottles or other vessels.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Abraham Pullan in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 24th March
1883.
:
ABRAHAM PULLAN, of New Cross Road, in the County of Surrey, Engineer
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BOTTLES AND SIMILAR VESSELS AND IN STOPPERS FOR
SAME, AND IN APPARATUS TO BE USED IN THEIR MANUFACTURE "
THE
My invention relates to bottles and similar vessels and to stoppers or valves
for the same, and comprises various improvements as hereinafter set forth.
According to one part of my invention I provide a bottle or similar vessel with
a removable neck or top made of metal, glass, ebonite, vulcanized fibre or other
suitable material, which may be galvanized, electro-plated or enamelled to
represent any metal, or colored, if desired, to give it an attractive appearance, and
may be treated in any well known manner to prevent rust, contamination or
chemical action, which would otherwise be caused by contact with the liquid
contained in the bottle or other vessel.
In the accompanying drawings
Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of a bottle with a removable neck secured
thereto.
Figure 2 is a section on the line x. x Figure 1.
The remaining Figures are hereinafter described.
The removable neck a, Figures 1 and 2, is provided with an external screw-
thread fitting into a corresponding internal screw-thread on the body b of the
bottle, or it may be secured thereto by other suitable means. Between the neck a
and the body b there is an elastic washer c to ensure a tight joint. Inside the
neck at the upper end thereof is formed a groove, in which is fitted a ring d of
india rubber or other elastic material, such as soft vulcanized fibre, paper,
parchment or the like which does not in any manner affect or impair the quality
of the contents of the bottle. Instead of fitting a removable neck to the bottle
I sometimes provide the same with a removable top as hereinafter set forth.
The said bottle necks or tops are fitted in any suitable manner with stoppers or
valves which may consist of spheres, cones, discs, plugs, or pieces of other form
made of glass, porcelain, or other suitable material to be used with elastic rings or
other seatings, or metal to metal, to prevent the escape of the compressed gas from
the bottle or other vessel when charged.
In the said necks or tops there are pins, links, stops or similar devices cast
moulded or fitted in any suitable manner to prevent the stopper from falling into
the bottle when opened, and also to prevent the stopper from interfering with the
pouring out of the contents of the bottle, or the said stoppers are allowed to fall
into the bottle, and only one set of pins, stops or other devices are used to prevent
the stopper from interfering with the pouring out of the liquid. External stoppers
are sometimes used and can be fitted to the said removable necks or tops by hinges
or otherwise, levers and racks or other contrivances being provided for securing the
same and retaining the pressure in the bottle or other vessel.
When the bottles or other vessels are to resist considerable pressure, the
removable necks or tops are made of circular form in order to ensure great strength,
and it is not necessary to flatten or form indentations in them to prevent the
stopper from falling into the bottle, or into the outlet when emptying.
In Figures 1 and 2, the bottle neck is shewn with an internal stopper consisting
of a ball or sphere e of glass or other suitable material which is held against the
ring d by the pressure within the bottle. Projections fare formed upon the

page_text: interior of the bottle neck, the lower ones to prevent the stopper from falling into,
the body of the bottle and the upper ones to hold the stopper away from the mouth
of the bottle whilst the liquid is being poured therefrom.
Figure 3 shows a screw-threaded tapered external stopper e¹ of wood or other
suitable material fitted in the neck a and provided with a conical part which bears.
upon the ring d when the stopper is screwed down. In Figure 4 the ring d is:
fitted in a recess on the exterior of the neck and a cap g is screwed on over;
the same.
Figure 5 shews a cork strengthened by means of a rod or plug h, having a,
square head for unscrewing the same, and pressed into the bottle neck which is
provided with an internal screw-thread.
In Figures 6 and 7 a similar arrangement is shown but the screw-thread extends,
only partly around the neck.
Figures 8 and 9 represent a modified construction of the neck a, which is
provided with an outlet a¹ and is partly screw-threaded and closed by a cork h to.
which a metal cap h² is secured by means of a wood-screw h³.
In the neck shown in Figure 10, the ring dis longer than in those above described;
and a hollow conical stopper e2 is employed. This stopper is made as shown so that
when the bottle is inverted and filled the stopper will always descend in the proper-
position to enter the mouth of the bottle. This stopper may be fitted with a small;
valve if desired for permitting the escape of gas from the bottle before opening
the same.
Figure 11 represents a modification of the stopper shown in Figure 10, the.
stopper e² being made of cork and having a screw plug e* of glass or the,
like inserted in its upper end for the purpose above stated with reference to
Figure 10.
In Figure 12 the neck is shewn fitted with an external hinged stopper held by a
catch, and in Figure 13 it is shown with a ball or sphere e suspended by a link
from the interior of the neck. The neck shown in Figure 14 is fitted with an
internal hinged stopper.
Figures 15 and 16 show necks provided with external hinged stoppers.
Figures 17 and 18 show an external stopper e³ of glass or other suitable material
provided with a ring d of cork or the like. This stopper is secured in the bottle
by means of the pivoted yoke i and screw pin i'.
:
In Figures 19, 20, 21 and 24 I have illustrated different forms of stoppers which
may be of elastic or non-clastic material and which enter from the outside of the
neck at any suitable angle, the pressure of the gas in the bottle acting upon the
side instead of upon the end of the stopper.
In Figure 19 the stopper is formed of a piece h of cork or other suitable material
strengthened by a central rod hof glass or the like provided with a head for
unscrewing the same, and the said stopper is inserted at right angles to the bottle
neck, so that the pressure acts upon the side of the stopper.
In Figure 20 a similar stopper is inserted at an angle of about forty five degrees
with the bottle neck. Figure 21 shows a transverse section of this stopper.
The bottle neck shown in Figure 24 is provided with an annular recess having
apertures as shown so that the pressure is borne by the sides of the stopper instead
of by the end thereof.
°
A pin is sometimes fitted in the stopper to prevent its being taken out of the
neck and lost, and in some cases a pin or shank h² with a collar and eye, for
drawing or unscrewing the stopper, is fitted through the centre of the same, as,
shown in Figure 20, 22, and 23
Another stopper constructed according to my said invention is adapted to fit.
upon a seat of elastic or non-elastic material and has a hole or passage through it
and a stud upon it which projects outside of the neck or top, or an aperture is made.
in the stopper to receive a rod for turning the same, which thus acts like a tap for
opening or closing the bottle or other vessel. Stoppers of this kind are shewn in
Figures 25 to 28. In which e is the stopper, et is the passage through the same,

page_text: e is the pin or stud and e the recess to receive a rod or the like. The pressure in
the bottle keeps the stopper tight to its seat in one case, and when there is no
pressure in the bottle, pins or stops or other suitable contrivances are fitted in the
neck to keep the stopper tight to its seat as well as to prevent its dropping into
the bottle. When the necks are made solid upon the bottle this stopper is placed
inside the neck during the manufacture of the same, but by making the neck or
top separate from the body of the bottle I am enabled to fit large stoppers in from
the bottom end of the neck or top, and the diameter of the hole in the neck, or
outlet, being less than the stopper, it is impossible for the latter to be forced out by
the pressure within the bottle.
In some cases I make the external stoppers of glass, earthenware or other
suitable material with or without a ring or covering of elastic material and secure
them by the devices herein before described, or by a pin or screw passing through
the neck and stopper. When a cork h or the like is used with a neck of metal or
other suitable material, as shown in Figures 29 and 30, a pin or nail j is driven
through the side of the neck into the cork and the bottle can then be easily opened
by withdrawing the pin.
Figures 29, 30 and 31 to 46 illustrate various forms of my improved
removable top shewing also different modes of securing the same to the neck of
the bottle.
In Figures 29 and 30°, a³ represents the bottle top which has an internal screw-
thread fitting upon a corresponding external screw-thread on the bottle neck.
d², da represent rings of elastic material and j* a stopper or plug having a passage
or aperture j and a square projection j upon which a key may be fitted for turning
the stopper j✶ to open the bottle.
In Figure 29 the stopper j* is shewn of spherical form and in Figure 30° it is
shown cylindrical. In both these cases by screwing down the top a² the rings or
seats can be adjusted relatively to the stoppers.
The bottle top shown in Figure 31 is provided with a hinged stopper and is
screwed on to the neck of- the bottle, a ring d of elastic material being employed
to ensure tightness of the joint. The employment of this ring in combination with
the removable top forms an important feature of my invention.
Figures 32, 33, 34, 35, 36 and 38 show bottle tops with internal stoppers. In
Figure 34 the stopper consists of a sphere e of glass or the like covered with india-
rubber or other suitable material.
The bottle top shewn in Figure 37 is provided with a disc a³ and a ring d' of
elastic material, and forms the stopper.
Figure 38 shews a bottle in which the stopper e is arranged to be operated by
means of a rod k, or a glass tube cast solid with the stopper, from the bottom of
the bottle, the said rod or tube passing through a piece e of cork or other suitable
material.
Figure 33 shows a bottle top having a cork secured thereto by means of a
screw or pin in such a manner that when the top is screwed on to the bottle the
cork will not turn.
In Figure 34 the bottle top a² is provided with a small valve which is pre-
vented from falling into the bottle by means of the pin m, this valve permits the
escape of the superfluous gas before withdrawing the stopper and also enables the
bottle to be filled without taking out the stopper.
The bottle top shown in Figure 35 has two internal screw-threads one fitting
on to the bottle neck and the other for receiving the stopper.
In figure 36º the lower part of the pin n is square and is inserted in the stopper
or plug e, the bottle top a³ is secured to a piece es which is free to turn upon the
pin n. In this case the top a² is removed to open the bottle and is placed thereon
to close the same, the part e' being prevented from rotating as soon as it enters the
bottle neck sufficiently to cause friction.
Figures 39, 41 and 42 show the bottle top provided with pieces e⁹ of cork or
other suitable elastic material, strengthened in the centre by pins or projections a*

page_text: which in some cases are passed through the piece e as shown in Figure 39, but I
prefer to make them as shown in Figures 41 and 42.
In Figure 40 a hollow glass ball e is employed as an internal stopper.
Figures 43 to 46 illustrate how my improved bottle top may be applied to
existing bottles. The top in these cases consists of a ring o with two or more
projections or arms o' which are secured to the bottle neck by means of wire. The
ring o is formed with either an external or an internal screw-thread. The stopper
shown in Figure 43 consists of an ordinary cork strengthened by a rod of
glass or other suitable material. In figure 45 a pin h² is employed to strengthen
the cork and a cap h³ is fitted on the said pin and is free to rotate thereon.
This cap has an internal screw-thread corresponding to that on the bottle top. In
Figure 46 an annular cap is secured to the cork by means of pins or
projections and an internal stopper e is employed.
According to another part of my invention I construct bottles entirely of glass
or similar material with corrugations, shoulders or stops in the necks of the same
for preventing the stopper from entering the body of the bottle and in some cases
to prevent the stopper from entering the mouth of the bottle while the contents of
the same are being poured out.
In Figures 47 and 48 I have shown a bottle with one corrugation p for holding
back the stopper whilst the liquid is being poured out. Instead of the corrugations
I sometimes form one or more projecting stops p¹ on the glass in the neck to
prevent the ball or other stopper from entering the body of the bottle and a
similar stop or stops above to prevent the stopper, from entering the mouth of the
bottle while emptying, as shown in Figures 49 50, 51 and 52. These projections
are made in the neck of the bottle by means of contracting mandrils or spring or
other tongs or tools, having recesses corresponding to the form of the stop or pro-
jection for the glass or other material to flow into, thus keeping the outside of the
bottle perfectly circular, and without any indentations. When any elastic or other
stopper is used, which by falling into the bottle will not star or injure the same,
tlie lower projections, stops or corrugations, do not require to be made in the
bottles so that there is greater facility for cleaning the inside of the bottle.
Instead of using inside tools to make the projecting stops, round or otherwise
shaped projections are sometimes fitted in the bottle mould so that the glass will
flow over them and a recess or recesses p² will thus be left on the outside of the
neck of the bottle, but the neck is inade circular and has no flat surfaces to weaken
the same. Figures 53. 54 and 55-illustrate bottles made in this manner. In some
cases I make recesses inside the neck of the bottle and fit in them tinned wire or
other cross-bars q, as shown in Figures 56 and 57, to prevent the stoppers from
falling into the body of the bottle, or into the mouth thereof, or in place of recesses,
projections are made and cross-bars fitted on to them, or the cross-bars are placed
in the mould at the time of making the bottle, or holes are made through, the glass
to receive the cross-bars.
Figures 58 and 59 show my improved hollow conical valve or stopper e² with a
seat d of cork or other elastic material which is forced into a solid bottle by
a machine or otherwise; the stopper e² is made of glass, metal or other suitable
inaterial.
According to another part of my said invention the bottle neck is made with an
internal screw-thread as shown in Figures 60 and 61; a stopper or valve of any
suitable description is placed in the bottle, and a tube or bush r, preferably of cork,
is then forced into the bottle neck by a bottling machine or otherwise, of the said
bush is screwed therein as shown in Figure 62. In Figure 63 the cork bush r is
surrounded by a ferrule rl of any suitable material provided with a screw-thread.
The tube or bush forms the seating for the internal stopper or valve. Instead of
a screw-thread in the bottle neck, a projecting ring or rings, recesses or grooves
are, in some cases, made in the bottle neck as shown in Figure 64, so that when
the tube or bush is inserted in the bottle neck, the cork or other material being
elastic is forced, by the pressure in the bottle, to assume a shape corresponding with

page_text: that of the said rings or grooves in the neck. In some cases a ferrule is driven
into the aperture in the bush r above the stopper or valve as shown in Figure 65.
A ring or seat d of elastic or non-elastic tasteless material is sometimes fitted at the
bottom of the screw-thread in the bottle neck, as shown in Figures 65 and 66.
This seat is held in position by the ferrule r¹ which may be either plain, ribbed,
recessed, or screw-threaded and of metal, glass, wood, vegetable, ivory or other
material that will not collapse or yield when driven into the cork or other elastic
bush to press the same into the screw-threads in the bottle neck.
In the modifications of my invention illustrated in Figures 67. 68. 69 and 70, I
employ an external stopper e³ of glass, earthenware or other material suitable for
the contents of the bottle or other vessel. This stopper is made to screw into an
elastic ring or bush r forced in the bottle neck as above described, and the said
stopper has a conical or otherwise shaped shoulder as shown at 8 or s¹ whereby a
tight joint is made when the stopper is screwed down upon the elastic material in
the neck. I sometimes also employ a ring d of elastic material as shown in
Figure 70.
The above described ferrules and bushes are dipped in any suitable cement or
the like which will adhere tenaciously to smooth surfaces, before being fitted into
the bottle necks, and vertical grooves (as shown at 72 Figure 68) or projections
are sometimes made in the bottle neck to prevent the bush from turning round in
the neck when the screw stopper is manipulated. Solid corks can if desired be
driven or otherwise fixed in the bottle neck and the required apertures be made in
them after they are fixed in place, in order to form the said bushes. The pitch of
the screw-thread on the stopper, in some cases, is made the same as that in the
neck as shown in Figure 70, so as to press the elastic bush more evenly into the
screw-thread in the neck. The pitch or shape of the threads and the number of
threads to the inch upon the stopper can be varied as desired.
.
I sometimes make the ferrule with internal and external screw-threads as
shown in Figures 71, 72 and 73, and of any material that will work smoothly and
easily with stoppers of glass, compound asbestos, pottery or the like. The said
ferrules are cast in a mould with the required screw-threads formed therein and
the materials are poured or pressed into the same; or I take a tube of pure tin or
any alloy that is soft and will not injure the contents of a bottle, and place this
tube in a die having the required external screw-thread with a central taper
mandril or plug having the required internal screw-thread formed upon it, to make
the ferrule of the desired shape and size. Gutta-percha, vulcanized fibre, or india-
rubber tube or the like, softened by heat and placed in the aforesaid die, will
produce the said ferrules, or any suitable material may be run into the die; or the
threads are cut upon the said ferrule. The ferrule is screwed into the bottle neck
with cement or is otherwise fixed so that it will not move when the screw stopper
is turned. In these Figures, the cork bush is fitted on the stopper. The stopper
is in some cases fitted with an elastic conical bush 7, as shown in Figures 74 and
75, and the ferrule is fitted on the outside of the bottle neck.
For some purposes I make the fixed bush r smooth internally, as shown in
Figure 76, and insert a plain stopper made of any suitable material which is pressed
tightly in and can be taken out without any fear of drawing out the bush.
With this
mode of stoppering I use asbestos-faced india-rubber, or compound asbestos, or
sheet asbestos either pure or combined with canvas or paper for the bush or ferrule;
or the stopper may be made solid or hollow of asbestos rolled up and pressed into
shape, the stoppers may be plain or have threads upon them, or they can be made
of vulcanized fibre which will work well with glass and like material.
According to another part of my invention I take an ordinary cork and insert
in it, at one end, a wood-screw, a glass rod or similar device, so that the said screw
or rod will extend to within a short distance from the other end of the said cork
to strengthen the same, which is then driven into the neck of a bottle or other
vessel, provided with a taper or other screw-thread, by a machine or otherwise and
will then be retained in the bottle against any required pressure, without the use

page_text: of wire, string or the like. When it is required to empty the bottle it is only
necessary to unscrew the cork, but if the cork was not strengthened by the screw
or other device, it would twist or break off at the top of the bottle neck.
In some instances I press the cork or stopper by any suitable means into a die
having a suitable screw-thread and thus form a screw-thread upon the cork before
it is inserted in the bottle neck.
It will therefore be seen that I make a perfect external stopper from a plain
cork without any packing india-rubber or the like that impairs the taste of the
contents of the bottle. Stoppers of this kind are shewn in Figures 77 to 80, in
which h.represents the cork and h the strengthening screw or rod. It is obvious
that I can strengthen the cork in many ways for the purpose above described, for
instance I can employ a screw or a rod, either solid or hollow, made of metal,
vulcanite, glass ivory or other material screwed or driven into the cork or passed
through the same, as shewn in Figures 81 to 86, and the said screw or rod may be
galvanized, enamelled or otherwise treated to prevent rust or corrosion, when the
liquid soaks through the cork. When hollow screws or rods are employed, valves
of any suitable kind can be fitted in the same as shown in Figures 87, 88, 91, 92
and 93, for permitting the escape of the superfluous gas before withdrawing the
stopper and to allow the bottle to be filled; and the stopper is taken out and
replaced when necessary for cleaning the bottle. A pin m is fitted in the
strengthening tube h¹ to prevent the valve from falling into the body of the bottle,
as shown in Figures 91 and 93. In Figures 89 and 90 the cork h, with the
strengthening tube h¹ inside of it, is inserted after the stopper e is placed in the
bottle.
་་
I also employ spindles with square or otherwise shaped shanks and suitable
heads, as shown in Figures 94 to 102, and if any material be used that would injure
the contents of the bottle by contact therewith, it must be dipped in liquid ebonite
or elastic varnish or in a cement made from cork or the like.
In Figure 99 there is a screw-thread in the bottle neck having a long pitch and
the stopper may be further secured by a wire if necessary. The cork or stopper h
is sometimes bored out as shown in Figures 103 and 104, and filled up with
liquid material which is poured into it, or with plastic material pressed into it,
which material will become hard and strengthen the cork or stopper, care being
taken to leave sufficient cork to make it elastic enough to be forced into the bottle
neck, and expanded into the threads in the same, any material may be used for this
kind of stopper which is elastic enough to be forced into the bottle neck (either
screwed or plain) such as asbestos or compound asbestos, or it may be faced with
india-rubber on each side and have ends of asbestos, or any kind of fibre, linen,
cotton, paper or the like; some of these stoppers will work for a time without being
strengthened, but one peculiar feature of my invention is forcing or driving an elastic
stopper or cork into or upon a bottle neck or the like provided with a screw-thread
or threads in the manner and for the purpose hereinbefore explained. Some of the
materials used for this kind of stopper might catch the screw-threads when being
forced into the bottle neck; to prevent this inconvenience I use a kind of spring
ferrule made of very thin steel or hardened sheet brass or other suitable material
which is formed with two or more legs or blades and placed in the bottle neck
before the cork or stopper is inserted, and is withdrawn after the cork or stopper
is driven in, and the stopper will then expand into the threads.
I find that ordinary corks will not require this spring ferrule. In some cases
I place a tube or capsule of thin tin-foil, paper or other material in the bottle
neck or upon the cork, this tube or capsule is forced into the threads and enables
the stopper to be taken out more easily. To prevent the cork or other elastic
stopper from being forced too far into the bottle a circular flange or projection or a
conical seat made at the bottom of the screw-thread, of less diameter than the
top of the same in the bottle neck, or the conical seat may be at the top of the
bottle neck; and the head of the cork. is made square or of other suitable shape so

page_text: as to give a better hold in unscrewing the cork or stopper. To enable the machine
now in use for filling bottles with internal stoppers to fill bottles having external
screw-stoppers, I fit the stopper with a small internal ball or valve as above
described for the removable necks or tops; the small valve when pressed down
will permit the escape of the superfluous gas. To fill the screw stoppered bottles
without the last named device I make the plunger or screw driver of the bottling
machine with screw-threads upon it of the same pitch as that in the bottle necks
and work it by a hand-wheel or otherwise; or the screw driver has no screw-
threads but pressure is applied at the upper end, to keep the same in contact with
the head of the screw, and the screw driver is turned in any suitable manner.
When
the external stopper is attached, by a chain or the like, to the bottle neck to prevent
its being lost, the stopper is attached to the bottle by a spring split pin as shown
in Figure 18, after the stopper is placed in the bottle by the machine. For the
packing for the heads or joints of the stoppers or for the stopper seats I use an
elastic ring or cork covered with fibre, tin or alloy, or other suitable material, by
preference india-rubber faced with asbestos, soft vulcanised fibre, paper or the like,
to prevent contamination or chemical action arising from contact with the contents
of the bottles or other vessels. I sometimes provide a small valve in the internal
stopper e² shown in Figure 59, or I insert a small screw-threaded pin in the bottle
neck or top as shown in Figure 1, to permit the escape of the superfluous gas
before pushing the stopper into the bottle.
Having, thus fully described my said invention and the manner of performing
the same I wish it understood that I do not claim broadly or irrespectively of the
improvements herein described the employment of a ring or bush of cork or other
elastic material in the bottle neck or upon the stopper, nor do I claim broadly
forming indentations in the neck of the bottle but I claim
First The removable or detachable neck or top attached to the bottle by screw-
threads or other suitable means substantially as, and for the purpose, set forth
Second The improved internal stopper made according to either of the modi-
fications described with reference to Figures 10, 11, 58, 59 and 60 to ensure its
descending in the proper position when the bottle is inverted for filling the same
Third. The improved external stopper constructed and arranged substantially as
described with reference to Figures 19, 20, 21 and 24, so that the pressure of the
liquid will be exerted upon the side of the stopper instead of upon the end thereof
Fourth The improved stopper constructed with a hole or passage through it and
arranged and operating substantially as described with reference to Figures 25, 26,
27, 28, 29 and 30a for the purpose specified
Fifth. The projections, indentations or pins formed or fitted in the upper part of
the bottle neck in the manner described with reference to Figures 47 to 57 to
prevent the valve or stopper from falling into the body of the bottle, or from falling
into the mouth thereof while the liquid is being poured therefrom.
Sixth. The inodifications of my invention wherein I employ one or more tubes
or bushes of cork or other suitable material fitted and secured in or upon the neck
of the bottle or in the top or cap, in the peculiar manner described with reference to
either of the methods illustrated in Figures 60 to 76 and for the purposes specified
Seventh In a stopper formed of cork or other elastic material the combination
with the same of a screw or other suitable device substantially as described with
reference to Figures 39, 41, 42 and 77 to 104 and for the purposes specified
Eighth The screw-threaded pin fitted in the bottle neck or top, or the small
valve fitted in the stopper, substantially as described with reference to Figures, 1,
34 59, 87, 88, 91, 92 and 93 and for the purpose specified
Ninth The employment of a tube or capsule of tin-foil, paper or other suitable
material in the bottle neck or upon the cork to facilitate the withdrawal of the
cork, substantially as set forth
+
Tenth The combination, with my improved stopper, of a spring split pin or the

page_text: like attached to the bottle and adapted to be secured to the stopper, substantially
as, and for the purpose, specified.
Eleventh The circular Hange or conical seat in the bottle neck at the end of the
screw-thread to prevent the cork or other elastic stopper from being forced too far
into the bottle, as above set forth.
In witness whereof I the said Abraham Pullan have hereunto set my hand
and seal this Twenty-second day of March in the year of Our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty three.
ABRAHAM PULLAN (L.S.)