Improvements in Water Tube Steam. Boilers.
Year: 1894

page_text: TA
Improvements in Water Tube Steam. Boilers.
I, ERNEST PETERSEN, of 54 Nelson Square, Blackfriars Rond, in the County.
of Surrey, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:
My invention relates to that description of water tube steam boilers in which
water chambers, arranged on each side of'a fire grate, are connected to a separate
water and steam chamber above the fire grate by a number of water tubes of
relatively small diameter placed close together, so as to offer a comparatively large
amount of beating surface to the flames and combustion gases which pass
transversely through the interstices between such tubes on their way to the uptake.
In the Specification to my application for a Patent dated 7th December 1893.
No. 23577, I described an arrangement in which groups of such small water tubes
were connected at each end to a conical cup or box, having a neck at the smaller
end, the box at the one end being connected by its neck to one of the lower water
chambers, and the box at the other end to the upper water and steam chamber.
My present invention relates to modified constructions of such boilers whereby,
while maintaining generally the principle of combining groups of tubes to boxes
which are connected by one or more larger tubes to the water chambers, the
construction is somewhat simplified and cheapened so that the single small tubes
can be fitted to their boxes by expanding them in the ordinary maimer, and
their interiors are rendered accessible for cleaning purposes and whereby' also,
the number of joints are considerably reduced.
For these purposes, according to one arrangement, instead of making the boxes
or cups at the outer ends of the tube groups conical as described in my said
Specification, I make them cylindrical or square and open at the outer end,.
where they are closed by a separate cap or cover. Thus access can be gained,
on removing the cover, to the interior of the tobes, so that their ends can be fixed
in the surface of the box by expanding in the usual manner. These boxes are
provided with lateral branches to which are connected pipes leading down to the
lower water chamber, the lower rows of boxes having preferably each a separate
pipe connection, while in the upper rows the boxes are connected to each other by..
their branches, so that two or more such rows have only a single pipe connection
with the lower water chamber for every two or three boxes. At the inner ends
these boxes are formed with external horizontal grooves into which are slid the
shield plates that serve to protect the boxes and their connecting pipes, leading to
the lower water chamber, from the direct action of the flames.
The inner ends of the tube groups may either be fixed to conical cups that are
constructed and secured to the upper water and steam chamber in the same way as
described in my said former Specification, or each tube may be fixed separately
into the upper water chamber, which is provided with a corresponding number
of holes to receive them, the tubes being fixed therein by expanding in the ordinary
manner.
According to another modification, instead of making the said boxes to which
the outer ends of the water tubes are attached cylindrical or square, so as each to
contain only about 7, 8 or 9 tubes, I unite a number of such boxes of each row into

page_text: one long box, so as to have only two, three or four, such boxes for each row, and
each box is then connected to the lower water chamber by only two or three
branches and connecting pipes.
According to another improvement, applicable either to the above described
construction of boiler or to that described in my said prior Specification, instead
of leading the groups of tubes serving as feed water heaters up in the back wall
of the furnace, as described in the said Specification, I lead them along the furnace
chamber immediately below the upper water and steam chamber, and inclining
upwards from the front to the back, where the cup thereof is fixed to the underside
of the upper water and steam chamber.
By this arrangement the feed water is effectually heated by the direct heat of the
furnace before entering the upper steam and water chamber. The pipe connecting
the one end of this feed water heater to the feed pumps is provided with a branch
connected to the lower water chambers of the boiler having a stop valve, so
arranged that should at any time the supply of feed water be stopped, the circulation
of water in the boiler will be made to pass from the lower water chambers through
the feed water heater, in the same way as in the ordinary steam producing tubės.
Dated this 3rd day of December 1894.
J
water Tube Steam Boilers.
I, ERNEST PETERSEN, formerly of 54 Nelson Square, Blackfriars Road, in the
County of Surrey, Engineer, but now of No. 2 Fountain Court, Guildhall Yard,
in the City of London, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :—
My invention relates to that description of water tube steam boilers in which
water chambers, arranged on each side of a fire grate, are connected to a separate
water and steam chamber above the fire grate by a number of water tubes of
relatively small diameter placed close together, so as to offer a comparatively large
amount of beating surface to the flames and combustion gases which pass transversely
through the interstices between such tubes on their way to the uptake.
In the Specification to my Patent No. 23577 of 1893 I described an arrangement
in which groups of such small water tubes were connected at each end to a conical
cup or box, having a neck at the smaller end, the box at the one end being
connected by its neck to one of the lower water chambers, and the box at the other
end to the upper water and steam chainber.
My present invention relates to modified constructions of such boilers whereby,
while maintaining generally the principle of combining groups of tubes to boxes
which are connected by one or more larger tubes to the water chambers, the
construction is somewhat simplified and cheapened so that the single small tubes
can be fitted to their boxes by expanding them in the ordinary manner, and their
interiors are rendered accessible for cleaning purposes and whereby also, the number
of joints are considerably reduced.
For these purposes, according to one arrangement, instead of making the boxes
or cups at the outer ends of the tube groups conical as described in my said Patent,
I make them cylindrical or square and open at the outer end, where they are closed
by a separate cap or cover. Thus access can be gained, on removing the cover, to
the interior of the tubes, so that their ends can be fixed in the surface of the box
by expanding in the usual manner.

page_text: These boxes are provided with lateral branches to which are connected pipes
leading down to the lower water chamber, the lower rows of boxes having preferably
each a separate pipe connection, while in the upper rows the boxes are connected
to each other by their branches, so that two or more such rows have only a single
pipe connection with the lower water chamber for every two or three boxes.
At the inner ends these boxes are formed with external horizontal grooves into
which are slid the shield plates that serve to protect the boxes and their connecting
pipes, leading to the lower water chamber, from the direct action of the flames.
The inner ends of the tube groups may either be fixed to conical cups that are
constructed and secured to the upper water and steam chamber in the same way as
described in the Specification to my said former Patent, or each tube may be fixed
separately into the upper water chamber, which is provided with a corresponding
number of holes to receive them, the tubes being fixed therein by expanding in the
ordinary manner.
According to another modification, instead of making the said boxes to which
the outer ends of the water tubes are attached cylindrical or square, so as each to
contain only about 7, 8 or 9 tubes, 1 unite a number of such boxes of each row
into one long box, so as to have only one, two, three or four such boxes for each
row, and each box is then connected to the lower water chamber by only two or
three branches and connecting pipes.
According to another improvement, applicable either to the above described
construction of boiler or to that described in my said prior Specification, instead of
leading the groups of tubes serving as feed water heaters up in the back wall of
the furnace, as described in the said Specification, I lead them along the furnace
chamber immediately below the upper water and steam chamber, and inclining
upwards from the front to the back, where the cup thereof is fixed to the underside
of the upper water and steam chamber.
By this arrangement the feed water is effectually heated by the direct heat of
the furnace before entering the upper steam and water chamber.
The pipe connecting the one end of this feed water heater to the feed pumps
is provided with a branch connected to the lower water chambers of the boiler,
having a stop valve, so arranged that should at any time the supply of feed water
be stopped, the circulation of water in the boiler will be made to pass from the
lower water chambers through the feed water heater, in the same way as in the
ordinary steam producing tubes.
Fig. 1 of the accompanying drawings shows the herein described construction of
the water tube boiler in which tube groups D are connected at their upper ends to
conical or tapering cups E' that are secured to the upper water and steam chamber C
in the same manner as described in the Specification to Patent No. 23577 of 1893,
while the lower ends of the tubes D are fixed to cylindrical or square boxes E³,
the lower ends of which have openings closed by covers E bolted on. The boxes
have side branches E which are connected to the tubes F¹ that connect the tube
groups to the lower water chamber B.
The upper rows of tube groups are connected to B by the tubes F as will be
described with reference to Figs. 2 and 3.
By this construction I am enabled on removing the covers of the boxes to gain
access to the interior of the tubes D, for cleaning them, and also to fix the tubes
both to the boxes E3 and the cups E at the inner end by expanding them by an.
expanding tool in the usual mauner.
With this arrangement I am also enabled to make the boxes E³ of such a length
as to receive the ends of a larger number of the tubes, as shewn in part cross
section and part side view at Figs. 2 and 3. The boxes E³ being here made of a
length to take in either the entire row of the tubes in the length of the boiler, or
any fractional part thereof, the covers E* being placed sufficiently near together to
gain access to all the tubes D. In the arrangement here shewn also, the upper cups
or boxes are dispensed with and the ends of the tubes D are fixed directly into the
sides of the chamber C by expanding. The tubes are of a length less than the

page_text: diameter of the chamber C, so that they can be placed in position by passing them
through the holes in the latter from the inside.
The two lower rows of boxes E' are connected to the water chamber B by bent
tubes F; the third row of boxes is connected to by the tubes ', and the fourth
row is connected to the third row by the branch pipes E. The boxes E³ are
formed with longitudinal slotted projections Es into which are slid the shield
plates H that protect the boxes and their connecting tubes from the direct
fire heat.
G is the tube for the return flow of the water from the chamber C to the
chamber B.
Instead of arranging the feed water heater U as described in my Specification
No. 23577 of 1893 it is arranged as shewn at Fig. 4 namely with the small pipes
extending immediately underneath the upper water and steam chamber C, being
inclined from the supply end at U₁ upward to the delivery end U2 which is
connected with the chamber C through a pipe U³ with the usual shut-off valve;
U is the feed water supply pipe.
By this arrangement not only is the feed water very effectually heated by direct
contact with the flames, but the bottom of the chamber C is also more or less
protected against the direct furnace heat thereby.
A pipe 13 provided with a shut-off valve B³ connects the box U with the lower
water chamber B so that should at any time the supply of feed water be momentarily
cut off, the water can be made, by opening valve B³ to circulate from B through B²
and the heater U into C in the same manner as through the tubes D.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what [
claim is :-
1. In water tube boilers of the kind herein referred to, having groups of tubes
connected at each end to cups or chambers, constructing the cup, at the one end of
a group, of conical or tapering form for fixing directly to the upper steam and
water chamber of the boiler, while the chamber at the other ent is formed as a
box having an opening closed by a cover on the side opposite that in which the
tubes are fixed and having a lateral branch pipe or branch pipes by which the boxes
are connected either to each other or to the lower water chainber, substantially as
described.
2. In water tube boilers, the combination with lower water chambers B and au
upper water and steam chamber C, of groups of small water tubes D which tubes
are connected at one end directly to the upper water and steam chamber C while
at the other end they are connected to boxes E³ having openings closed by covers E
and having lateral branch pipes E by which they are connected to each other or
to the lower chambers B, substantially as described with reference to Figs. 2 and 3
of the drawings..
3. Constructing the boxes E referred to in the preceding claims with grooved
projections Es for the reception of baffle plates H, substantially as described.
4. In water tube boilers such as are referred to in the first and second claims,
connecting two or more of the upper rows of the boxes E³ to each other by their
branch tubes E6, only the lowest row of such connected boxes being connected by
tubes F to the lower water chamber B, substantially as described.
5. In water tube boilers wherein an upper water and steam chamber is connected
to lower water chambers by groups of tubes connected together by cups or boxes,
constructing the feed water heater as a group of tubes connected at each end to
cups or boxes, and placed below the upper water and steam chamber, between this
and the fire grate, such feed water heater being connected by pipes provided with
shut-off valves both to the feed water pump and to the lower water chambers,
substantially as and for the purposes herein described.
6. In water tube boilers such as are herein referred to, constructing the lower
boxes E³ of the tube groups so as to extend along the entire length or a considerable

page_text: part of the length of the boiler, instead of being limited to receive only a small
number of the tubes D, such boxes being connected to the lower water chambers
by two or more tubes For F', substantially as described.
Dated this 28th day of September 1895.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.