Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 20th Apr.; 1886.
Complete Left, 20th Jan., 1887.
Complete Accepted, 15th Mar., 1887.
I, BERNHARD VON SCHENK, of Heidelberg, Germany, Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to the manufacture of an improved substance, on which to
ignite Swedish matches.
According to the said invention I take aluminium-oxide, and after drying it grind
it into a fine powder and pass it through a sieve having 900 meshes per square
centimetre.
This sifted material after being carefully elutriated is formed into lumps and is
then dried until it is in the form of a tough plastic material, after which it is
thoroughly kneaded.
I next take slag which is obtained in the smelting process in blast furnaces, which
slag consists of combinations of silicic acid and metallic oxides; it also contains
fluorine and sulphides.
This slag must be rapidly cooled in order that it will quickly condensate, and an
excessive hardness is replaced by great toughness.
The silicate-slag is also pulverized and sifted through a sieve of 1500 meshes per
square centimetre.
To nine (9) paris by weight of sifted silicate-slag is added one (1) part by weight
of protoxide of cobalt which is treated in the same manner as the silicate slag; the
composition here obtained is thoroughly mixed in a dry state. To this composition is
now added an equal quantity of aluminium-oxide, which mixture is thoroughly
kneaded.
The raw material thus obtained can be moulded into any desired shape, dried in the
air and placed in a furnace, the heat of which is gradually increased up to 1200°
centigrade

page_text: During the burning the colour of the material becomes red, white, grey or blue,
according to the colour of the aluminium-oxide used.
If the material is to be coloured black, this is effected in the following manner.
The articles to be burned are placed in a refractory pot and the spaces intervening
between the several articles are filled up with powdered pit-coal; the pot is then
hermetically closed by means of a cover of refractory clay which is luted with the
same mass. The articles are then subjected to the same degree of heat as above
mentioned viz. 1200° centigrade.
The material or articles contained in the pot are thus thoroughly burned and
develop a high capability of igniting Swedish matches.
This material is principally designed for flat friction surfaces; but if it is to be used
for making articles of round or other shape (match stands, and the like) it possesses
certain defects that is to say the contraction which takes place during the drying in
the mould is so slight that the article cannot be taken from the mould without injury,
and the setting of the material also takes place very slowly.
In order to remedy these defects I employ clay which consist of:
Silicic acid 57.20; lime, 2.15; alumina 16.06; magnesia 15.46; ferric oxide
12.00 and loess 4.00.
To 50 parts by weight of this clay are added
50 parts by weight of quartz
80 parts by weight of clay-slate, and
20 parts by weight of Kaoline.
Total 200 parts by weight.
All these materials are ground and passed through a sieve having 900 meshes per
square centimetre after which they are subjected to two clutriations.
The elutriated material is precipitated and subjected to a pressure of 10,000
kilogrammes in a hydraulic press, in order that the water shall be removed.
The material is now perfectly soft and in a fit state for moulding. The articles
when moulded will contract to a proper extent, and can be removed from the mould in
one hour, whereupon the drying of the same is commenced in a heat of from 10 to 17
degrees centigrade. This dyring occupies 3 weeks.
The moulded articles are next burnt for say 30 hours. The degree of heat being
slowly raised to cherry-red, then quicker to light red, and during the last 10 hours to
white heat up to 1200° centigrade.
Those parts of the articles which serve as the frictional igniting surfaces can be
coloured by painting them with the following metallic preparations viz. 1 part by
weight of sulphuret of antimony, and 6 parts by weight of ferric oxide for red, brown,
violet and sepia colours.
1 part by weight of sulphuret of antimony and 8 parts by weight of chromic oxide
for a green colour.
1 part by weight of sulphuret of antimony and 8 parts by weight of cobaltic
oxide, and
1 part by weight of sulphuret of antimony and 8 parts of potassium-cobalt-nitrite
for blue and black respectively.
1 part by weight of sulphuret of antimony and 7 parts by weight of manganic oxide
for violet, brown and black.
1 part by weight of sulphuret of antimony, 5 parts by weight of titanic oxide, and
4 parts by weight, of antimonious oxide for yellow;
1 part by weight of sulphuret of antimony 9 parts by weight of uranic oxide for
orange and black;
part by weight of sulphuret of antimony 9 parts by weight of cuprous oxide
for red.
The cooling must proceed at the same speed that the firing took place.
Those portions of the surfaces which do not serve as igniting surfaces can be glazed,
and the frit consists of Cornish Stone 61 parts, saltpetre 2 parts; heavy-spar 23 parts;
borax 2 parts soda 12 parts.

page_text: 36 parts of arenaceous-quartz
17 parts of soda (80%)
45 parts of red-lead
2 parts of saltpotro
Smalt 1 part per 1000.
These materials are ground with water and vinegar in a glaze mill, so much water
and vinegar being added that the same receives a cream-like consistency. Into this
liquid the articles are dipped as far as they are to be glazed.
Where no glaze is to come, the surface is carefully cleaned.
A second burning is sometimes necessary for from 24 to 25 hours at a heat of 1050°
centigrade.
Smalt 1 part per 1000.
These materials are ground with water and vinegar in a glaze mill, so much water
and vinegar being added that the same receives a cream-like consistency. Into this
liquid the articles are dipped as far as they are to be glazed.
Where no glaze is to come, the surface is carefully cleaned.
A second burning is sometimes necessary for from 24 to 25 hours at a heat of 1050°
centigrade.

page_text: Improvements in the Manufacture of Substances for Igniting Matches
and in Articles Made of such Substances.
I, BERNHARD VON SCHENK, of Heidelberg, in the Empire of Germany, Manu-
facturer do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention relates chiefly to the manufacture of an improved substance, on which
to ignite Swedish or safety matches.
According to the said invention I take aluminium-oxide, and after drying it grind
it into a fine powder and pass it through a sieve having 900 meshes per square
centimetre.
This sifted material after being carefully elutriated, is formed into lumps, and is
then dried until it is in the form of a tough plastic material; after which it is
thoroughly kneaded.
I next take slag which is obtained in the smelting process in blast furnaces. This
slag consists chiefly of combinations of silicic acid and metallic oxides, it also
however contains fluorine and sulphides.
This slag must be rapidly cooled in order that it quickly condenses, and an
excessive hardness is replaced by great toughness.
The silicate-slag is also pulverized and sieved through a sieve of 1500 meshes per
square centimetre.
To nine (9) parts by weight of sieved silicate slag is added one (1) part by weight
of protoxide of cobalt which is treated in the same manner as the silicate slag; the
composition here obtained is thoroughly mixed in a dry state. To this composition
is now added an equal quantity of aluminium-oxide which mixture is thoroughly
kneaded.
The raw material thus obtained can be moulded into any desired shape, dried in the air
and placed in a furnace, the heat of which is gradually increased up to 1200° centigrade.
During the burning the colour of the material becomes red, white, grey or blue,
according to the colour of the aluminium oxide used.
If the material is to be coloured black, this is effected in the following manner :—
The articles to be burned are placed in a refractory pot, and the spaces intervening
between the several articles are filled up with powdered pit-coal; the pot is then
hermetically closed by means of a cover of refractory clay which is luted with the
same mass. The articles are then subjected to the same degree of heat as above
mentioned, viz. 1200° Centigrade.
The materials or articles contained in the pot are thus thoroughly burned and
develop a high capability of igniting Swedish matches.
This material is principally designed for flat friction surfaces; but if it is to be used
for making articles of round or other shape (match stands, and the like), it posseses
certain defects, that is to say the contraction which takes place during the drying in
the mould is so slight that the article cannot be taken from the mould without injury,
and the setting of the material also takes place very slowly.

page_text: In order to remedy these defects 1 employ clay which consists of :—
Silicic acid 57.20; lime 2.15; alumina 16.06; magnesia 15.46; ferric oxide 12.00,
and loess 4.00.
To 50 parts by weight of this clay are added:-
50 parts by weight of quartz
80 parts by weight of clay-slate, and
20 parts by weight of Kaoline
Total 200 parts by weight.
From this composition I take 10 parts by weight, to which are added
9 parts by weight of silicate slag, and
1 part by weight of cobaltus oxide
Total 20 parts by weight.
All these materials are ground and passed through a sieve having 900 meshes per
square centimetre after which they are subjected to two clutriations.
The clutriated material is precipitated and subjected to a pressure of 10,000
kilogrammes, in a hydraulic press, in order that the water shall be removed.
The material is now perfectly soft and in a fit state for moulding. The articles
when moulded will contract to a proper extent, and can be removed from the mould in
one hour, whereupon the drying of the same is commenced in a heat of from 10 to 17
degrees centigrade. This drying lasts 3 weeks.
The moulded articles are next burnt for say 30 hours. The degree of heat being
slowly raised to cherry-red, then quicker to light red, and during the last ten hours to
white heat up to 1200° centigrade.
Those parts of the articles which serve as the frictional igniting surfaces can be
coloured by painting them with the following metallic preparations viz. :-
1 part by weight of sulphuret of antimony and 6 parts by weight of ferric oxide for
red, brown, violet and sepia colours.
I part by weight of sulphuret of antimony and 8 parts by weight of chromic oxide
for a green colour.
1 part by weight of sulphuret of antimony and 8 parts by weight of cobaltic
oxide, and
1 part by weight of sulphuret of antimony and 8 parts of potassium-cobalt-nitrite
for blue and black respectively.
1 part by weight of sulphuret of antimony and 7 parts by weight of manganic oxide
for violet, brown and black;
1 part by weight of sulphuret of antimony, 5 parts by weight of titanic oxide, and
4 parts by weight of antimonius oxide for yellow;
1 part by weight of sulphuret of antimony and 9 parts by weight of uranic oxide
for orange and black;
part by weight of sulphuret of antimony 9 parts by weight of cuprous oxide
for red.
The cooling must proceed at the same speed that the firing took place.
Those portions of the surfaces which do not serve as igniting surfaces can be glazed
and the frit consists of
Cornish stone or smalt
Saltpetre
Heavy-spar
Borax
Soda
The Glaze cousisis of
-
-
61 parts
-
2 parts
23 parts
2 parts
12 parts.

page_text: These materials are ground with water and vinegar in a glaze mill, so much water
and vinegar being added that the same receives a cream like consistency. Into this
liquid the articles are dipped as far as they are to be glazed.
Where no glaze is to come, the surface is carefully cleaned.
A second burning is sometimes necessary for from 24 to 25 hours at a heat of 1050°
centigrade.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is :-
:-
First. The manufacture of an improved material on which to ignite Swedish
matches, consisting in subjecting finely pulverized earthen ware, or procelain material,
or other material, containing clay and silicate, to a burning temperature exceeding
that usually employed in burning such materials.
Second. A match box or other article made of material manufactured as described.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London,
Agents for the Applicant.