Improvements in and relating to Photographic Apparatus.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 5th Aug., 1890-Accepted, 1st Nov., 1890
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Photographic Apparatus.
1, WILLIAM EDWIN SCHNEIDER, a citizen of the United States, residing at
422 Ninth Street N.W., in the City of Washington, District of Columbia, and
United States of America, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates more particularly to that class of photographic apparatus
known as detective cameras, although the invention is otherwise applicable.
As the invention comprises many parts and many details of construction, and is
fully set forth in the claims, I will not preliminarily state the several features of
the invention, but will proceed at once to describe an apparatus comprising the same,
and then particularly point out and distinctly claim the parts, improvements or
combinations, as the case may be, which I claim as my invention.
In the accompanying drawings
Figure 1, is à perspective view showing in outline all of the case but its front
wall.
Figure 2, details to be referred to.
Figure 3, is a perspective view of the magazine detached and extended or open,
with some parts broken away to expose others behind them.
Figure 4, is a perspective view of an automatic locking device for the door of the
magazine.
Figure 5, is a horizontal section of the magazine with the parts extended and the
door shut.
Figure 6, is an elevation of the shutters.
Figure 7, is a perspective view of a plate carrier.
Figure 8, is an elevation of the shutters from the side opposite to that shown in
Figure 6.
Figure 9, is a front elevation of the magazine adapted to receive a roll film.
Figure 10, is a side elevation of the same, with the casing in section, and in both
Figures 9, and 10, the film holder is shown in position.
Figure 11, is a perspective view of part of the front of the case showing a
in position.
Figure 12, is a perspective view of the ejector spring.
"finder
33
Figure 13, is a detail in elevation showing the application of a pneumatic pump to
a detective camera.
Figure 14, is a front view, and
Figure 15, is a rear view, of another form of shutters, shown as adapted for use
upon a lens tube.
Figure 16, is a rear view showing a different form of leaf.
Figure 17, is a rear view showing still another form of leaf.
Figure 18, shows in perspective the details of the escapement employed in the
shutters shown in Figures 14, 15, 16, 17, and 19, and also shows a perspective view
of a slide which may be used in either form of shutters.
Figure 19, is a front elevation of my shutters applied to a stereoscopic view
apparatus, and
Figure 20, is an elevation of the split ring employed for clamping the shutters to
a lens tube.
The casing, A, may be of approved construction, the prerequisite being portability
and capacity to exclude light. The front, B, is provided with the aperture, C, to
which the shutters are applied. Any suitable shutter or shutters may be used, but
I prefer to use shutters constructed as follows; see Figures 1, 6, and 8. Two

page_text: leaves, a, and a¹, are pivoted to a common pivot, a², and are provided with openings, a³,
which are adapted to be brought into alignment with each other and with the
opening, C, in the front, B, and are also adapted to be thrown past the said opening
so as to close it and exclude the light. These movements of the leaves are accom-
plished by means of a slide, b, which is provided with a pin, b, which engages
angular slots, a, made in the leaves, said angular slots being reversed in the two
leaves. The slide, b, is provided with a portion, b², projecting beyond the casing to
adapt the said slide to be operated manually from outside the casing and thereby
to operate the leaves. The slide is provided with two lugs, 3, and 6, and is further
provided with a hook or other device, 65, which is engaged by one end, c, of a
spring, D, the said spring being fastened to the front of the case at, c', and being
extended thence as a limb, c, and one end of which is made as or provided with a
coil, c³, which is engaged by a hook, d, made fast to the case in the manner and
for a purpose presently described. The spring, D, through its arm, c, normally
retains the slide in elevated position, and hence normally operates the leaves, a,
and a¹, so as to cause them to close the aperture, C. For operation, either instan-
taneous or on time, the leaves and their slide are combined with an escapement
composed of a dog, e, pivoted at, e¹, to a fixed portion and acted upon by a screw-
rod,, which, in the instance shown, abuts against a projection, e³, on the said dog.
The nose of this dog engages one of the lugs on the slide for a purpose presently
appearing. A second dog, g, is also secured to the pivot, e¹, and is positively
connected with the screw-rod, f, by means of a nut, g', swivelled to the dog, 3, and
through which the said rod is threaded. The nose of this dog, g, is adapted to
engage one of the lugs on the slide. A spring, h, bears against the dog, e, in order
to throw it normally towards the lugs on the slide.
If instantaneous photography is to be practised, the screw-rod, f, is rotated so as
to bring the dog, g, out of the path of the movement of the lugs on the slide and
then the slide is pulled down until the dog, e, engages the lug, b. In this position
the opening will be closed; and now, if the rod, f, be moved longitudinally, it will
act upon the portion, e², of the dog, e, and throw the said dog out of engagement
with the lug, , and thereby permit the spring, e, to elevate the said slide, and in
this movement the pin, 6, of the said slide, acting through the angular slots, a³, a*,
of the leaves will cause said leaves to move over one another, bring their
openings, a³, a³, into alignment with each other and with the opening, C, in the
front, B, of the casing, thus making an exposure, and further causing the openings, a³,
to recede from alignment with each other and with the opening, C, and close the said
opening. The rapidity of movement of the slide will be commensurate with the
tension of the spring, D; and in order to vary this rapidity of movement, provision
is made for increasing and diminishing the tension of the spring, said provision
consisting of the hooked rod, d, mounted to rotate in a bracket, d', and which, being
rotated, will travel through and draw up towards itself the spiral, c³, and thus
lengthen or shorten the effective portion of the spring, and so correspondingly vary
its tension. If time photography is to be practised, then the dog, g, is adjusted by
screw-rod, f, into the path of movement of the lugs, and when the rod, f, is pushed
so as to release the dog, e, from the lng, , the dog, g, will at the same time be
thrown into the path of the movement of the lug, 6, and engage the said lug and
arrest the slide at the point where the openings, a³, a³, are in alignment with each
other and with the opening, C, in the casing; and the rod being instantly released,
the spring, h, will throw the dog, e, into engagement with the lig, 63, and displace
dog, g, and so hold the shutters open for exposure; and when the exposure has been
sufficient, then by again pushing in the rod, f, the dog, e, will be disengaged from the
lug, 3, and the slide being free to be pulled up by the spring, c, the shutters will be
actuated to close the opening. As shown in the drawing, the rod, f, is adapted to
be operated by hand, but I have found that the ordinary pneumatic apparatus may
be employed for operating it, seo Figure 13, or an equivalent device may be
employed.

page_text: 2
In the form of shutters shown in Figures 14, to 20, substantially the same
mechanism as that before described is shown, modified, however, in construction,
arrangement and somewhat in operation. The slide, 6, has the lugs, 63, and e¹³, or
instead of or in conjunction with the lug, e, it may have a notch, e; and the
escapement comprises the dogs h", and ", which have a common pivot, ³, and are
connected for adjustment by means of the pin, j", and nut. The tension device
comprises a volute spring, f*, having one end, f, adapted to be secured in a slot, g³,
in the stem, g², of a hub, q, which hub receives a screw, g', having a shouldered
portion, g, to bind upon the head, g, of the hub, g¹¹, to secure the said hub, and
consequently the spring, in any adjusted position.
The hub is provided with holes, g³, into which may be inserted a pin or other
devica, such as shown at, g, in Figure 18, for rotating said hub to increase or
diminish the tension of the spring. This spring-adjusting device I have designated
generally by the character, g. The dog, h*, has an arm, ", engaging one or the
other of the lugs, e13, and, ³, and has the tail piece. *, to be acted upon by a
pneumatic engine or other actuating device, *. The said dog, *, is slotted
transversely at, h, to receive the screw, 21, of the dog, j*, and the said dog, j, has
the arm,, to co-operate with the lugs, e¹³, and, 63 The dogs of the escapement
are kept in engagement with the slide by spring, 12, fixed to the support as by a
screw.
The leaves, a, a, are provided with the slots, a, a, to be engaged by the pin, b',
of the slide or carrier to cause the said leaves to transverse the light opening as
before. Instead of using angular slots, I may use the straight slot, as shown in
Figure 16 and instead of using two leaves, 1 may use but one as shown in Figure 16,
and as also shown in Figure 17. By the use of the single leaf, and especially by the
use of the straight slot, a very quick movement of the leaf may be had, and these
leaves, especially as in Figs. 16, and 17, will be specially useful in obtaining a sky
effect.
In order to apply my shutters to a lens tube, I mount the parts upon a base or
support, d, and provide the said support with brackets, *, to which are applied set-
screws, k, and these set-screws engage a split ring, 1*, having socketed shoulders, 11,
in their upper ends to receive the point of the sci-screws, ". The ring, l, is slipped
over the tube, and the set-screws, k, serve to bind the same about the tube, and at
the same time, bind the support in position upon the tube.
In Figure 19, I have shown my invention as applied for stereoscopic photography.
The only alteration necessary is to apply double-ended leaves.
The tube, m may be provided with a septum or diaphragm, m¹.
'
The lens, i, is mounted in suitable manner in a frame, j, extending the width and
height of the box; and this frame is mounted upon a carriage, j', which is provided
with a toothed rack, 2, engaged by a pinion,, on a shaft, , having bearings in
the casing or box. A spring, j³, co-operates with the carriage, j', to hold it and the
frame in position within the box. One end of the shaft, j, is extended to or beyond
the outer surface of the box and squared, and an indicator plate, k, surrounds it. A
key, ¹, is adapted to fit the squared end of this shaft to rotate the said shaft, and
consequently the pinion, ³, thereon, to thereby change the position of the frame,
and consequently of the lens, in order to provide for photographing at different
distances. I prefer to arrange the frame with its lens in a fixed position, and for
this purpose provide the indicator with a mark or symbol, F, with which a mark
on the shaft corresponds, and so that, when the two coincide, the operator may
know that the lens is in a fixed position; that is to say, one which has been selected
for general utility. An indicator point, k², may be used on the key, A¹, to co-operate
with the marks upon the indicator, k, in order to enable the operator to know the
extent of movement made by the rotation of the shaft and pinion.
The rear of the casing is provided with a door, E, for access to a chamber for the
reception of the magazine; and this door is adapted to be closed light-tight,
though the magazine may be fitted in the box light-tight with packing instead.

page_text: A focussing aperture, G, provided with a door, H, may be arranged also in the rear
end of the casing.
The magazine, I, is composed of two sections, J, and K, which telescope, the
latter within the former. The section, J, is permanently closed on three sides by a
rigid material and on the fourth side by a flexible material, 4, and has on its fifth side
a hinged door, m, while its sixth side is open to permit of the insertion and removal
of the section, K. The flexible end, 7, is, by preference, composed of leather or rubber
folded in upon itself somewhat like an envelope, but in such manner that the portion, l',
may be moved out and in freely and carry with it the other folds, for a purpose
presently appearing.
The door, m, is made with a rabbet, m', to enter the opening made for it in the
section, J; and the said door is provided with a spring, m², which normally tends to
throw open the said door. This spring is shown as a torsion spring having a free end
bearing against the door and having a vertical portion extended up the casing of the
section, J, and its other end extended at right angles along the inside of the top of
the said section, J; although any other form of spring may be employed whose
function is to open the door normally. The section, J, is provided with a spring, n,
made fast to it at about its centre and having its ends free; and these ends are
provided with hooks or catches n', see Figures 5, and 12,-this spring being a plate
ejector.
The section, K, has the closed sides, o, 01, 02, 0³, and the partly closed spring side, o*.
A sliding door, o, is placed in the side, o³, to permit of the filling of the said
section, K, with plates, and the removal of the plates for developing and other
purposes. Springs, p, are arranged next the back, o, in any suitable manner and are
adapted to press towards the front the plate-carriers placed within the section, K.
The sides, o, and o², are provided with the flanges, oo", which are cut away at
opposite ends, 07, 08, to permit movements of the spring, n, as will presently appear.
The sections, J, and K, of the magazine, 1, are united, when the latter is within the
former, by means of a sliding bolt, 7; and the door, m, is locked in closed position by
means of a Z-shaped bolt, », pivoted in the frame of the section, J, and engaging the
rabbet m', of the door, m, and having its other end, r, projecting outside of and
beyond the casing of the section K. A spring,, normally holds the bolt in position
indicated in Figure 4. Any other fastener may be used.
If the section, K, of the magazine be filled with plates (it is designed to hold one
dozen plates) and the said section be inserted within the section, J, and the door be
locked, then the magazine may be inserted in the box through the door, E, and the
said door, E, be then closed. As soon as the projecting end, 4, of the bolt, r, strikes
against the rear wall of the casing, A, then the said bolt, will be withdrawn from the
door, m, and the spring of the said door will throw it open, thereby exposing a plato
in the doorway of door, m, in the magazine in position for operation, that is to say,
for "exposure."
I have shown but
The magazine is locked in the casing in any suitable manner.
one means to this end, namely, the bolt, q, the said bolt having a screw, q', projecting
from it and adapted to extend through an opening, 42, in the casing, A, where the said
bolt is engaged, on the outside, by means of a clamping nut, 73. The said opening, q²,
may he enlarged at one end so as to provide for the passage through it of the said
clamping nut, 9, when the magazine is to be removed from or placed in the box.
This opening, 7, may be made of the shape of the openings in the tail-piece of a
violin used to receive the strings.
When the magazine is within the case and ready for operation, the bolt, q, is with-
drawn from engagement with the section, J, of the magazine so as to leave said
section free to be pulled away from the section, K. In pulling away the section, J,
its door, m, is closed, as by contact with the box, to exclude the light. The ends
of the spring, n, will have slipped through the openings, o7, of the flanges, o°, into a
position along the edges of the foremost plate, so that the movement of the said
section, J, will carry with it the said foremost plate, by means of the said spring,

page_text: taking the said plate out of the section, K, and into the section, J, where, by gravity,
it will fall slantwise across the said section, J, and may be then caught in the hand
with the flexible front, 1, and be moved back into the said section, J, as indicated by
the dotted lines designated 2, in Figure 5. In the meantime, the springs p, will
operate to throw forward the remaining plates in the section, K, so as to present
another plate in position for photographing. By pushing back the section, J, for
another exposure, the plate designated 2, is pushed back into the section, K, and in
the rear of the unused plates; and these operations may be continued until all of the
plates are exposed. The side, o, of the section, K, is cut away at the point 3 in order
to permit the removal of a plate from the section, K, into the section, J, after a
picture has been taken, and is also cut away at the point 4, in order to permit the return
of the photographed plate that has been removed, back into the said section, K, and in the
rear of the unused plates. When, upon drawing out the section, J, the spring, n,
arrives at the notches, o³, the hooked ends of the said spring will slip out of the said
notches, and as the section, J, is returned upon the section, K, the said ends of the
spring will travel along the front of the flanges, o, o, and when the openings, o', o',
are reached the said ends will go behind the said flanges, o°, 0°, so as to be in align
ment with the rear edge of the plate that is then foremost. The edges of the
flanges, o, o, at the notches, o, o, may be curved outwardly to facilitate the entrance
of the ends of the spring back of the flanges.
As will be observed, after the plates are once put into the section, K, they are
wholly protected from the light that is to say, are kept in a
"dark chamber,"
constantly.
When all of the plates in the magazine have been used, the magazine may be
removed and a fresh one be inserted in its place, the magazine serving as a
"dark
chamber," as already indicated. In removing the magazine, the clamping nut, 3,
is loosened and the bolt, q is slipped forward, so as to lock the two sections, J,
and K., together, at which time the said nut will be in the larger end of the slot, 2,
and then the closed magazine may be removed from the box.
Intsead of making the magazine with a flexible front, as before described, I may
make said front solid and depend for the movement of the exposed plate from front to
rear by tilting the camera.
In order to isolate the several plates from each other and so prevent the light from
striking through all of them at any one exposure, I provide the plates with carriers, s―
Figure 7,-constructed of opaque substance, such as leatherette, or press-board, or
stiff paper, or other material, said carriers being constructed as a pocket with the
permanent sides, s¹, s¹, s, and a movable side, s2, the said side, s2, being made
movable to permit of the insertion and removal of the glasses or plates for
purposes of developing.
For purposes of focussing, the magazine may be removed and a ground glass
inserted in its place within the box in a plane coincident with the plane occupied by
the outermost plate in the magazine, when that is in position. The frame with its
lens may be adjusted for different distances in this
way.
The finder" that I prefer to use, consists of a glass or other plate, t, having a
plano-convex lens, t'. The lower part of the plate is made opaque in any suitable
manner, as at, t. This plate is arranged within guides, 3, on the inside or the out-
side of the front of the box, and so as to be projected across the opening, C. The
opaque portion is adapted to cover the said opening, C, while, the lens, t, is adapted
to be drawn above the level of the top of the box for purposes of vision. The opaque
portion of the plate serves as an additional safeguard for excluding the light when the
camera is not in use.
My invention is applicable also for use in connection with films. A modified form
of magazine will be used, and such magazine may consist of a rectangular box, u,
closed on all but one side, as shown in Figures 9, and 10, and this box is provided
with a door, u', adapted to operate as in the magazine before described. The film
holder consists of boards, v, el, and a connecting cross-board, ³, the latter serving as

page_text: a base for the film. w, is a spool upon which the film is wound; w¹, is a reel which
receives the film after use, and, w, is a measuring roller. The film passes over spool, w,
around a guide roller, w³, thence across the board, e, and thence over another guide
roller, w, and thence about the measuring roller, w², to the reel, w'. The measuring
roller is of a circumference equal to the length of the film exposed, and it is provided
with one or more points or prickers, e, which indent the film so as to guide the
operator in separating the said film in the dark room. An indicator, 20°, is used
to advise the operator when sufficient film has been unwound for a new exposure.
The roller, wo, may be permanently fixed in the frame, but the spool, w, and reel, w',
are necessarily made removable. Any suitable bearings may be provided for purposes
of removal of the said spool and reel. I have shown the said spool and reel provided
with sockets, 5, which receive the unthreaded ends, 6, of screws, 7, the said screws
being tapped in fixed nuts, S, arranged in the portion, v, of the frame.
At the other ends, plates, 9, are secured to the board, ', and these plates are
socketed to receive bearing pieces 10, which are provided with ribs, 11, which enter
kert's in the ends of the reel and spool, respectively. By removing the screws, 7,
the reel and spool may be moved toward the board, v, and clear the ribs, 11,
on bearing pieces, 10, and so the said reel and spool may be removed. The bearing
pieces, 10 of the reel and spool are provided with squared ends, 12, to which a key
may be applied for rotating them. The film may be secured to the reel and spool by
means of a groove and spline, such as are used sometimes in securing shades to
their rollers, although any other clamping device may be employed. Any suitable
friction device and device for preventing retrograde movement of the spool and reel
may be employed, where necessary. Such a friction device may consist of a wedge-
shaped, by preference, piece of rubber or other substance, 13, arranged in sockets, 14,
made in the plates 9, in such manner that the edges of the said piece, 13, shall bear
against the rims of the bearing pieces, 10. The friction piece, 13, is mounted upon
a screw-rod, 15, having a head, 16, to rotate it to adjust the friction piece so as to
apply more or less friction. The rod, 15, is supported in brackets, 17, on the
board, el.
The door, ¹, may be provided with an automatic latch or bolt, such as is used on the
magazine before described.
If desired, a cover may be provided for the opening of the magazine, u, but
ordinarily the end, e, of the frame will be made to fit the said magazine light-tight.
It will be understood that the roll-film holder is bodily removable from the
magazine.
The partition or side, o, of the section, K, is made as a spring with a slight bulge
into the section, J, so as to aid the returning plates in clearing it.
As shown in Figure 13, the rod, f, may be operated by a pneumatic pump, 18, of
usual construction and arranged in alignment with said rod but not united to it.
Such a pneumatic pump may be furnished as an attachment for detective cameras by
mounting it upon a bracket, 19, which may be secured to the camera by means of a
socket, 20, attached to the box and adapted to receive the bracket, 19.
This provision of a readily applicable auxiliary and automatic shutter-operator
possesses many advantages which will be manifest upon suggestion.
With reference to the flexible front, l, I desire it to be noted that it is an unbroken
front, without openings, and the plates are manipulated by catching them between
the thumb and fingers with the material of the front, I, interposed, thus differing
from those flexible fronts which have an elastic opening in them through which the
hand is passed and which gather closely about the wrist or hand.
I do not wish to be understood as limiting my invention to, the inere details of
_construction hereinbefore set forth.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is :
,
1. A magazine having a section adapted to receive a number of plates, and another

page_text: section movable upon the first named section and provided with an ejector to enable
an operator to take an exposed plate from the front of the first-named section and
place it in the back thereof, substantially as described.
2. A magazine having telescoping sections, one of which is adapted to contain a
number of plates, and the other of which is adapted to be moved away from and
toward the first-named section, and provided with an injector and a flexible front to
enable an operator to take from the front of the first-named section a plate and place
the said plate within the said first-named section and in the rear of the other plates
therein, substantially as described.
3. A magazine composed of telescoping sections communicating with each other at front
and rear only, one section adapted to contain a number of plates, and the other adapted
to be moved in front of the first named section to remove the plates, one by one, from
it, and correspondingly replace them, and having a flexible opaque outer surface to
permit the manipulation of the plates as they are taken, one by one, from the first-
named section to the last-named section and replaced in the first-named section,
substantially as described.
4. A magazine which is at the same time a "dark chamber" provided with an
automatically operated door, opening as the magazine is inserted in the camera, and
closing as it is removed, substantially as described.
5. A telescopic magazine provided with a bolt, q, for locking the sections of the
magazine together and for retaining it within the camera casing or box, substantially
as described.
.
6. A magazine provided with a door, combined with a latch or bolt adapted to
engage and lock the door, and projecting beyond the magazine, and adapted to be
acted upon by contact with the casing or box to unlock the said door, substantially as
described.
7. A telescopic magazine having a section adapted to be filled with plates, and
provided with springs to press forward the said plates and keep the foremost plate in
position for use, a movable section having an ejector and a flexible front, substantially
as described.
8. In a camera, the combination with the casing and the front therefor having a
light-opening, of a movable frame containing a lens and arranged within the casing,
a carriage upon which the said frame is mounted rigidly, a toothed rack arranged
upon the said carriage a pinion meshing with the said rack, and a shaft passed
transversely through the casing and bearing the pinion and adapted to rotate the
pinion to thereby adjust the carriage and the lens frame, substantially as and for the
purpose described.
9. A plate carrier constructed as an integer of opaque substance, and provided
with three fixed pocketed edges and one movable folding flap edge, substantially as
described.
10. The shutters and means to move them, substantially as described, combined
with a tension spring terminating in a coil, and a hook adapted to be adjusted within
said coil to vary the tension of the spring, substantially as described.
11. A "finder," composed of a sliding plate arranged over the exposing tube or
opening, and having a lens, substantially as described.
12. A magazine composed of telescoping sections, one of which is adapted to
receive a number of plates, and having plate retaining flanges whose opposite ends
are notched, and the other provided with an ejector to engage the front plate and
remove it from the first section, substantially as described.
13. A magazine having telescopic sections, one of which is adapted to contain a
number of plates, and the other of which is adapted, by movement away from and
toward the first-named section, to take from the front thereof a plate and place the
said plate within the said first-named section, and in the rear of the other plates
therein, and a spring plate or side dividing the two sections, substantially as described.
14. The shutters and an escapement therefor, comprising two dogs, an adjusting
and operating screw-rod and a swivelled nut on one of said dogs through which. the
rod passes, substantially as described.

page_text: 15. Overlying leaves having a common centre of motion and provided with cam
slots arranged between their centre of motion and light-controlling ends, combined
with a suitable support, a pin, and a spring actuated slide or carrier engaging the
slotted leaves and movable bodily on the support, and an escapement for the carrier
consisting of a pivoted dog adapted to engage a lug or off-set on the carrier,
substantially as described.
16. A photographic shutter and a support therefor having brackets provided with
binding screws, combined with a clamping device made as an, open ring having
shoulders and adapted to be detachably connected to, the support and, lens tube and
by its connection to be bound about the lens tube and so hold the parts in place,
substantially as described.
17. The pin carrier for working the leaves of a photographic shutter having one
or more off-sets and adapted to be engaged by an adjustable escapement for operating
the leaves either for time or instantaneous photography, combined with said leaves,
the adjustable escapement, and a spring for operating the carrier or slide when
released from the escapement, substantially as described.
18. A shutter baving a slotted shank and a support for the shutter, combined with
a pin engaging the slotted shank, a carrier for the pin having a suitable number of
off-sets or abutments or lugs, a spring, and a spring tension device, an escapement,
and a motor for operating it, substantially as described.
19. The shutter having the slotted shank and pivoted to a support, combined with a
pin engaging the slotted shank, a carrier for the pin having a suitable number of off-
sets or lugs, a spring for actuating the carrier, and an escapement consisting of two
superposed dogs, one adjustable relatively to the other, to co-operate with the carrier,
substantially in the manner and for the purpose described.
20. A shutter having a slotted shank and pivoted to a support, a pin to engage
such slotted shank, and a carrier for the pin, combined with a spring connected to
the carrier and secured to the support by an adjustable hub rotatable to vary the
tension of the spring, and a binding nut or device to secure the parts in adjusted
position, substantially as described.
21. A carrier bodily movable lengthwise and spring actuated, and having a suitable
number of off-sets to be engaged by an escapement to hold the carrier and restrain
the action of the spring, and a pin on said carrier, combined with a support, the said
escapement, and a spring acting upon the escapement and normally tending to engage
it with the off-set, and a shutter engaged by the pin on the carrier, substantially as
described.
22. The escapement consisting of a dog having a transverse slot, a second dog
having a lateral projection extending through said slot and adapted to be secured in
adjusted position on said first-named dog by means of a binding or clamping medium,
a support for the dogs, and a pivot common to both dogs, combined with a pin
carrier, and pivoted and slotted leaves engaged and operated by the pin carrier,
substantially as described.
23. The escapement consisting of a dog having a transverse slot, a second dog
having a lateral projection extending through said slot and adapted to be secured in
adjusted position on said first-named dog by means of a binding or clamping
medium, a support for the dogs, and a pivot common to both dogs and secured to
the support and adapted for use especially on snap shutters for photographic purposes,
substantially as described.
24. Two superposed pivotal shutters, having light-controlling portions, and means
to move said shutters to effect the necessary exposure, such means consisting of cam
slots in said shutters arranged between their pivotal and light-controlling ends, a pin
traversing said slots, a slide carrying the said pin and bodily movable upon the
support, a spring acting upon the slide to cause it to force the pin throughout the
cam slots, a trip for said slide, and a pneumatic engine for operating the trip,
substantially as set forth.
25. A shutter for photographic apparatus consisting of superposed plates or leaves
provided with cam slots and having a common pivot and support, combined with a

page_text: slide or carrier bodily movable upon said support and having a pin engaging said
cam slots, a trip or escapement for said slide, and means (such as an air engine) for
working said trip, substantially as described.
26. The tripping device or escapement composed of two dogs having a common
pivot and adjustable relatively to each other and adapted to hold the exposing device
to shut out the light and to release it to make the necessary exposure, substantially as
described.
عمل
Ր AL 1000
JENSEN & SON,
77, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Patent Agents.