IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR TESTING THE STRENGTH OF MATERIALS AND IN WEIGHING MACHINERY USED IN CONNECTION THEREWITH AND APPLICABLE TO OTHER USEFULL PURPOSES
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Albert Hamilton Emery, of New York in the Stato
of New York, one of the United States of America for an Invention of
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR TESTING THE STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
AND IN WEIGHING MACHINERY USED IN CONNECTION THEREWITH AND
APPLICABLE TO OTHER USEFULL PURPOSES
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Albert Hamilton Emery at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th June 1883.
ALBERT HAMILTON EMERY of New York, in the State of New York, one of the
United States of America, IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR TESTING THE
STRENGTH OF MATERIALS AND IN WEIGHING MACHINERY USED IN CONNECTION
THEREWITH AND APPLICABLE TO OTHER USEFUL, PURPOSES.
The improved testing machine is constructed with two beams movable and
separate from the main or fixed bed of the machine and having between them
platform levers or hydraulic supports by means of which the pressure of a load
upon either of the beams is transmitted to the weighing apparatus. Stationary
screws fixed to the bed of the machine pass through the coupled beams and
locked nuts not moved in use or fixed shoulders are provided on the said screws
to afford to either one of the coupled beams a firm bearing adapting it to serve
as the fixed bed of the scale while the other beam serves as the platform to receive
the load produced by a strain of tension or compression on the specimen, as the
case may be.
To make either of these beams act as the fixed bed it is forced against said
fixed nuts by nuts which are interposed between them and which are placed
either on the main screws or on supplementary screws or rods introduced to
receive them.
The nuts are cone-faced for the purpose of properly centering the beams relatively
to the screws and preventing contact with the screws of the beam which is for the
time being free and serves as the load-platform.
By the use of the interposed nuts either beam is, at the will of the operator,
made to serve as the fixed bed for the other beam which constitutes the load-
platform. This interchangeable relation of the beams is for the purpose of adapting
the machine to apply and indicate a strain of either tension or compression:
Openings are provided in the central part of the coupled beams for the insertion
of one end of a specimen to which a strain of tension is to be applied the other end
of the specimen being passed through an opening in the straining beam which is
Price 1071

page_text: moved on stationary screws either for adjustment or for applying the strain by
means of nuts above and below it formed with worm teeth on their peripheries
and rotated by endless screws on shafts having bearings in the straining beam
and driven by bevelled wheels on their ends and bevelled pinions gearing therewith
carried by a sleeve fitted to slide on a vertical shaft as the beam moves up or down
and connected to said shaft by a spline or feather so as to derive rotation therefrom.
Or the said nuts are made with straight teeth and driven by straight-toothed
pinions carried by a feathered sleeve on the driving shaft the nuts at the opposite
end of the beam from the driving shaft being connected to the first by idle pinions
or cog-wheels. For applying heavy strains a double acting hydraulic press is
provided on the straining-beam the gearing being in this case employed for the
adjustment of the straining-beam on the screws to suit the length of the specimen
to be tested. The same double-acting hydraulic press is made by the movement
of its ram in one or the other direction to apply a direct strain of either tension or
compression to the specimen instead of necessitating as is the case with some other
machines the interposition of intermediate parts so as to apply a strain to the
specimen in reversed direction by a movement of the ram in the same direction.
Supposing the machine to be in vertical position it will now be understood that
for measuring strains of tension the upper beam should be the fixed bed and for
strains of compression the lower beam should be the fixed bed.
To make this adjustment the coned nuts between: the beams which are to
make either one of them stationary to act as the bed of the scale are turned
firmly against such beam so as to force it against shoulders or fixed nuts on the
main stationary screws thus fixing it as a bed and leaving the other free to act as
a platform.
The beams are adjusted on the straining screws so as to set either of them
against the fixed nuts or shoulders by coned nuts placed between the beams and
directly on the main stationary screws or by means of two pairs of setting rods
fixed in the bed of the testing machine and passing through lugs projecting laterally
from each of the beams. Cone faced 'nuts working on said setting-rods between
the lugs serve to confine either beam to its bearings and at the same time by the
conical shape of the faces of said nuts to center the setting nuts within the eyes
of the lugs so as to avoid friction against the free or load-beam. By the use of two
pairs of setting-rods the beam is secured against tipping or rotation. One of the
coupled beams may be constructed with lugs projecting near to or beyond the
other beam so that fixing plates may be attached at their extremities to the said
projecting lugs and at their central parts to the inner or outer face of the other
beam to secure the said beams against relative lateral motion. The fixing plates
constitute also springs to press the coupled beams upon their interposed pressure
supports or levers, as the case may be, or springs of rubber or other material are
employed to press the said beams firmly together against the interposed weighing
mechanism or connections.
For applying transverse strains to specimens a truss is provided consisting of
links or eye-bars pivotted to the straining beam or to the piston rod or ram
of a hydraulic press used in connection therewith and a chord consisting of a
screw with right and left threads on its respective ends carrying the bearings
for the ends of the specimen, so that by the rotation of the screw the said bearings
may be moved nearer together or farther apart to suit the length of the specimen
and will be at all times equi-distant from the vertical axis of the machine or the
line of strain.
A centre bearing above the specimen is connected by links with a main link or
bar passing through the coupled beams and bearing upward through the medium
of an interposed block against the lower one, so as to apply the strain thereto and
cause it to be weighted or indicated as above described."
The invention further relates to weighing machinery employed for indicating the
amount of strains applied to specimens and applicable also to platform scales for
ordinary weighing purposes.

page_text: .
The platform is supported by a main lever approximating in form to the letter A,
and one or more parallel secondary levers. The said levers are fulcrumed to
the bed or frame and connected together and to the load platform by thin flexible
plates.
Said flexible plates are employed, not as springs to sustain the load, but simply
as connections offering inappreciable or very slight resistance to the movement of
the levers, the weighing mechanism being extraneous to the levers and their flexible
plate fulcrums or connections. The connections of the platform lever to the
connecting rod or column and between this and the weigh beam are also by thin
flexible plates.
Flexible plates are also provided to stay the platform against lateral motion.
Said plates are either connected at each end to the frame and intermediately to the
platform or to the frame and platform at their respective ends. The primary
lever or that connecting with the column through which the load is transmitted
to the weigh beam is stayed against lateral motion by adjustable stop screws.
The said transmitting column may act upon the weigh beam by either thrust or
tension according to the arrangement of the platform levers and their fulcrums but
it is preferred to employ a rigid thrust column. The transmitting column works
within a hollow pillar flanged at bottom and at top for attachment to the bed and
to the weigh beam case.
The weigh beam case is constructed of cast iron flanged for attachment to the
pillar and has suitable supports for the fulcrum attachments of the beam and of a
secondary beam or indicator rod working in connection therewith and having
greater angular motion.
The weight end of the main beam and the fulcrum of the indicator are connected
together and the said fulcrum to the main frame through the medium of springs
which are strained to the proper maximum load of the scale but adapted to yield
under excessive loading, or under sudden shocks in either direction. The vertical
motion of the main beam is limited in each direction by stop screws applied within
recesses in the beam case and tapped into the said case and the beam respectively.
The lateral motion of the beam and indicator is also checked by stop screws.
Where the connection between the platform lever and weigh beam is by a thrust-
bar or column, annular flexible fixing plates secured at their outer edges between
the flanged bed and pillar and between the pillar and beam case and clamped at
their inner edges to the thrust bar or column by suitable nuts stay the column
concentrically within the hollow pillar while permitting it to move vertically without
friction. The flexible transmitting and fulcrum plates of the beam are connected
thereto by means of a fulcrum block and clamping plates and screws to facilitate
putting the parts together and to firmly hold the connections. The joints being
frictionless a friction brake is employed with an adjusting screw to graduate the
friction as required. The fulcrum head of the beam is made separately from the
beam proper and attached thereto by a lug and screws. The weight end of the
beam is stayed against longitudinal or lateral motion by thin flexible plates which
do not interfere with its proper vertical movement. The indicator rod is likewise
stayed horizontally by thin flexible plates. The suspension rod of the hanging
weights passes through an aperture in the beam adapted to limit its swinging and
its upward motion. The indicator rod carries a sliding weight which is fixed
thereon by means of a set screw bearing upon a block of rubber or other clastic
material to produce sufficient pressure on the rod to hold it where it is set without
preventing its movement when desired.
The point of the rod works within a guide and in proximity to an indicator
plate which guide and indicator plate are connected in one and attached to the
beam near its fulcrum end.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Albert Hamilton Emery in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
4th December 1883.
ALBERT HAMILTON EMERY of New York in the State of New York, one of the
United States of America "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR TESTING THE
STRENGTH OF MATERIALS AND IN WEIGHING-MACHINERY USED IN CONNECTION
THEREWITH AND APPLICABLE TO OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES "
The improved testing machine is constructed with two beams movable and
separate from the main or fixed bed of the machine and having between them
platform levers or hydraulic supports by means of which the pressure of a load
upon either of the beams is transmitted to the weighing apparatus. Stationary
screws fixed to the bed of the machine pass through the coupled beams and locked
nuts not moved in use or fixed shoulders are provided on the said screws to afford
to either one of the coupled beams a firm bearing adapting it to serve as the fixed
bed of the scale while the other beam serves as the platform to receive the load
produced by a strain of tension or compression on the specimen as the case
may be.
To make either of these beams act as the fixed bed it is forced against said fixed
nuts by nuts which are interposed between them and which are placed either on
the main screws or on supplementary screws or rods introduced to receive them.
The nuts are cone-faced for the purpose of properly centreing the beams relatively
to the screws and preventing contact with the screws of the beam which is for the
time being free and serves as the load platform.
By the use of the interposed nuts either beam is, at the will of the operator made
to serve as the fixed bed for the other beam which constitutes the load platform.
This interchangeable relation of the beams is for the purpose of adapting the
machine to apply and indicate a strain of either tension or compression. Openings
are provided in the central part of the coupled beams for the insertion of one end
of a specimen to which a strain of tension is to be applied the other end of the
specimen being passed through an opening in the straining beam which is moved
on stationary screws either for adjustment or for applying the strain by means of
nuts above and below it formed with worm teeth on their peripheries and rotated
by endless screws on shafts having bearings in the straining beam and driven by
bevelled wheels on their ends and bevelled pinions gearing therewith carried by a
sleeve fitted to slide on a vertical shaft as the beam moves up or down and
connected to said shaft by a spline or feather so as to derive rotation therefrom.
Or the said nuts are made with straight teeth and driven by straight toothed
pinions carried by a feathered sleeve on the driving shaft the nuts at the opposite
end of the beam from the driving shaft being connected to the first by idle pinions
or cog wheels.
For applying heavy strains a double acting hydraulic press is
provided on the straining beam the gearing being in this case employed for the
adjustment of the straining beam on the screws to suit the length of the specimen
to be tested. The same double-acting hydraulic press is made by the movement of
its ram in one or the other direction to apply a direct strain of either tension or
compression to the specimen instead of necessitating as is the case with some other
machines the interposition of intermediate parts so as to apply a strain to the
specimen in reversed direction by a movement of the ram in the same direction.
Supposing the machine to be in vertical position it will now be understood that for
measuring strains of tension the upper beam should be the fixed bed and for strains
of compression the lower beam should be the fixed bed.

page_text: To make this adjustment the coned nuts between the beams which are to make
either one of them stationary to act as the bed of the scale are turned firmly
against such beam so as to force it against shoulders or fixed nuts on the main
stationary screws thus fixing it as a bed and leaving the other free to act as a
platform.
The beams are adjusted on the straining screws so as to set either of them against
the fixed nuts or shoulders by coned nuts placed between the beams and directly on
the main stationary screws or by means of two pairs of setting rods fixed in the
bed of the testing machine and passing through lugs projecting laterally from each
of the beams. Cone faced nuts working on said setting rods between the lugs
serve to confine either beam to its bearings and at the same time by the conical
shape of the faces of said nuts to centre the setting nuts within the eyes of the lugs
so as to avoid friction against the free or load-beam. By the use of two pairs of
setting rods the beam is secured against tipping or rotation. One of the coupled
beams may be constructed with lugs projecting near to or beyond the other beam
so that fixing plates may be attached at their. extremities to the said projecting
lugs and at their central parts to the inner or outer face of the other beam to
secure the said beams against relative lateral motion. The fixing plates constitute
also springs to press the coupled beams upon their interposed pressure supports or
levers as the case may be or springs of rubber or other material are employed to
press the said beams firmly together against the interposed weighing mechanism
or connections.
For applying transverse strains to specimens a truss is provided consisting of
links or eye-bars pivoted to the straining beam or to the piston rod or ram of a
hydraulic press used in connection therewith and a chord beam consisting of a
screw with right and left threads on its respective ends carrying the bearings for
the ends of the specimen so that by the rotation of the screw the said bearings may
be moved nearer together or farther apart to suit the length of the specimen and
will be at all times equi-distant from the vertical axis of the machine or the line of
strain. A centre bearing above the specimen is connected by links with a main
link or bar passing through the coupled beams and bearing upward through the
medium of an interposed block against the lower one so as to apply the strain
thereto and cause it to be weighed or indicated as above described.
The invention further relates to weighing machinery employed for indicating
the amount of strains applied to specimens and applicable also to platform scales
for ordinary weighing purposes. The platform is supported by a main lever
approximating in form to the letter A and one or more parallel secondary levers.
The said levers are fulcrumed to the bed or frame and connected together and to
the load platform by thin flexible plates. Said flexible plates are employed not as
springs to sustain the load but simply as connections offering inappreciable or very
slight resistance to the movement of the levers, the weighing mechanism being
extraneous to the levers and their flexible plate fulcrums or connections. The
connections of the platform lever to the connecting rod or column and between this
and the weigh beam are also by thin flexible plates. Flexible plates are also
provided to stay the platform against lateral motion. Said plates are either
connected at each end to the frame and intermediately to the platform or to the
frame and platform at their respective ends. The primary lever or that connecting
with the columu through which the load is transmitted to the weigh-beam is
stayed against lateral motion by adjustable stop screws. The said transmitting
column may act upon the weigh beam by either thrust or tension according to the
arrangement of the platform levers and their fulcrums but it is preferred to employ
a rigid thrust column. The transmitting column works within a hollow pillar
flanged at bottom and at top for attachment to the bed and to the weigh beam
case. The weigh beam case is constructed of cast iron flanged for attachment to
the pillar and has suitable supports for the fulcrum attachments of the beam and
of a secondary beam or indicator rod working in connection therewith and having
greater angular motion. The weight end of the main beam and the fulcrum of the

page_text: .
indicator are connected together and the said fulcrum to the main frame through
the medium of springs which are strained to the proper maximum load of the scale
but-adapted to yield under excessive loading or under sudden shocks in either.
direction. The vertical motion of the main beam is limited in each direction
by stop screws applied within recesses in the beam case and tapped into the.
Baid case and the beam respectively. The lateral motion of the beam and
indicator is also checked by stop screws. Where the connection between the
platform lever and weigh beam is by a thrust bar or column, annular flexible
fixing plates secured at their outer edges between the flanged bed and pillar
and between the pillar and beam case and clamped at their inner edges to the
thrust bar or column by suitable nuts stay the column concentrically within
the hollow pillar while permitting it to move -vertically without. friction. The
flexible transmitting and fulorum plates of the beam are connected thereto by
means of a fulcrum block and clamping plates and screws to facilitate putting
the parts together and to firmly hold the connections. The joints being
frictionless a-friction brake is employed with an adjusting screw to graduate
the friction as required. The fulcrum head of the beam is made separately from
the beam proper and attached thereto by a lug and screws. The weight end of
the beam, is stayed against longitudinal.or lateral notion by thin flexiblo-plates
which, do, not interfere with its proper vertical movement. The indicator rod is.
likewise stayed horizontally by thin flexible plates. The suspension rod of the
hanging weights passes through an aperture in the beam adapted to limit its
swinging and--its upward motion. The indicator rod carries a sliding weight
which is fixed thereon by means of a set-screw bearing upon a block of rubber.or
other elastic material to produce sufficient pressure on the rod to hold it where it
is set without preventing its movement when desired. The point of the rod
works within a guide and in proximity to an indicator plate- which guide and
indicator plate are connected in one and attached to the beam near its fulcrum end.
The weighing apparatus is illustrated in the accompanying drawings detached
from the testing machine in 19 figures numbered 40 to 58 inclusive. The entire
testing machine is represented in a series of 9 figures numbered 157 to 165 and
201 to 203 inclusive and in-15 detail-views numbered 204 to 218 inclusive, the said
figures being part of a series of drawings consecutively numbered and representing
connected or allied inventions some of which I have made the subject of other
applications of even date herewith.
'
In the accompanying Drawings:-
Figure 40 is a vertical longitudinal section illustrating one form of the platform-
bed and levers of the weighing apparatus.
..
• Figure 41 is a plan-of-a part of the bed and levers with the platform removed...
Figure 42 is a plan of the lower part of the scale on a smaller scale part of the
platform being broken away.
-
"
Figure 43 is a plan of the free end of the main platform lever showing..the
adjustable stop screws. ..
Figure 44 is a vertical longitudinal section of the lower part of the entire scale.
Figure 45 is an elevation of the upper part thereof partly in section."
Figure 46 is a vertical longitudinal section on a larger scale of the weight end of
the weigh-beam-case showing the end of the beam and its attachments in
elevation.
Figure 47 is a transverse section in the planes indicated by the lines 47
Figure 46.
Figure 48 is a central longitudinal section of the lower part of the scale in its
preferred form..
Figure 49 is a plan of a part thereof with the platform.removed.
--Figure 50 is a front elevation of the weigh-beam-case open showing a portion of
the hollow pillar and pressure column in section.
✓
Figure 51 is a vertical section of the lower portion of the hollow-pillar and the

page_text: .
end of the bed on the line 51 Figure 49 showing the pressure column and part of
its attachments in elevation.
Figure 52 is a horizontal section on the line 52 Figure 50.
Figure 53 is a vertical transverse section on the line 53 Figure 50.
Figure 54 is a front elevation of the fulcrum head of the beam with a portion of
the beam attached thereto.
Figure 55 is a plan of the same.
Figure 56 is a transverse section on the line 56 Figure 55 showing the fulcrum
head in elevation.
Figure 57 is a vertical section of an adjustable sliding weight provided with an
elastic friction pad and set screw.
Figure 58 is an elevation of the connected guide and indicator plate.
Figure 157 is a front elevation of a testing machine illustrating the invention
showing in position the form of scale represented in figures 40 to 47 inclusive and
a specimen undergoing a strain of tension.
Figure 158 is a plan of the same.
Figure 159 is a side elevation thereof.
Figure 160 is a plan of the base showing the position of the platform levers.
Figure 161 is a detached view of a bevelled gear.
.
:
Figure 162 is a front elevation of the machine showing in position the form of
scale represented in Figures 48 to 58 inclusive and representing a modification in
the construction of the driving gear. This view of the machine shows a specimen
undergoing a strain of compression and the corresponding position of the coupled
beams and their.bearing nuts.
Figure 163 is a plan of the same.
Figure 164 is a side elevation thereof.
Figure 165 is a plan of the base showing the arrangement of the levers.
Figure 201 is a front elevation of the machine showing in position apparatus
for applying a transverse load, and a specimen receiving such load also showing a
double acting hydraulic press mounted on the straining beam for applying strains
in either direction and liquid pressure supports between the coupled beams which
may be used instead of the platform levers in carrying out parts of my invention.
Figure 202 is a plan of the same.
Figure 203 is a plan with the upper part of the machine and a part of the
upper one of the coupled beams removed.
Figure 204 is a longitudinal section of a grooved driving sleeve for moving the
straining beam.
Figure 205 is a transverse section of the same.
23
Figure 206 is an elevation on a larger scale partly in section of portions of one
of the coupled load-beains and one of the straining screws showing the lock nuts
thereon.
Figure 207 is a longitudinal section of connected portions of the two load
beams and one of the setting rods with the nut applied thereto.
Figure 208 is a side elevation of the machine with the transverse straining
apparatus and a specimen in position.
Figure 209 is a longitudinal section of the hydraulic straining press showing in
transverse section the straining beam to which it is applied and in elevation the
straining bar constituting the piston rod of the press.
Figure 210 shows a section of a beam link and beam block and portions of the'
coupled beams and an elevation of load links connected therewith.
Figure 211 is a side view of the same parts excepting the coupled beams.
Figure 212 is a side view of one of the bearings of the straining truss.
Figure 213 is a plan view of the same.
Figure 214 is an elevation of a bydraulic pressure support.
Figure 215 is a plan of the same.
Figure 216 is a longitudinal section thereof on a larger scale.
Figure 217 represents in section on a still larger scale a portion of a connected
i

page_text: pressure diaphragm and lining plate made continuous so as to extend over the
whole area of the column instead of in the annular form shown in Figure 216 and
a conducting plug permanently attached to the lining plate.
Figure 218 represents a section of another portion of the continuous pressure
diaphragm and lining plate.
In Figures 40, 41. 42 and 44 the platform 301 is shown connected by down-
wardly projecting lugs and flexible plates 302, 303, with the main lever 30+ and
secondary levers 305 fulcrumed to the bed 306 by flexible plates at 307 and 308
respectively. The main lever is of a form approximating to that of the
letter A the diverging ends being attached to the bed by the fulcrum plates 307
while the convergent or united end is attached, by a flexible plate 309 to the
lower end of the rod or bar 310 from which pressure and motion in either
direction are communicated to the weigh beam as hereinafter described.
The secondary levers 305 are parallel and are attached by flexible plates 311 to
the main lever at or near the mid-length of the platform. It will now appear that
as the relative distances between the points 307. 302 and 311 are equal to the
distances between the points 308, 303 and 311 a weight on either end or on any part
of the platform will have the same effect on the main lever 304 through which the
pressure is communicated to the rod or bar 310. The thin fulcrum plates
employed as above described to connect the scale levers are not intended to operate
as resisting springs. They are adapted to bend without appreciable resistance but
in operation they bend to a very slight and inappreciable extent. The invention
is thus radically different from any in which scale levers are connected by spring
bars adapted to sustain the load by their resilience, 312 are stop screws tapped
into the lever 304 as shown in Figures 42 and 43 and abutting against a lug 306a.
Figures 42 and 44 which projects downward from the bed between the points of
said screws to keep the free end of the lever from lateral motion beyond the elastic
limits of the flexible fulcrum and stay plates. The pillar 313 is constructed with
flanges 314 315 at bottom and top. By the flange 314 and bolts 316 it is fastened
to the bed 306. To the flange 315 the weigh-beam-case 317 is secured by
bolts 318. 319 represents adjustable stop screws tapped into the rod or bar 310
near its lower end and abutting against a flange on the bed to prevent the bar
from moving horizontally beyond the elastic limit of the connecting plate 309.
Said screws may if preferred be set adjustably in the bed frame or in the pillar to
form stops for the bar. Flexible stay plates way if preferred be substituted for
these stop screws as hereinafter described. In Figures 44 and 45 the pillar 313
and bar 310 are shown as broken and the upper part of the scale revolved
90 degrees from its position in practice to show a front view of the weigh beams
and their case and connections.
320 is an elastic friction brake bearing against the flange of the bed or against
the inside of the pillar or other stationary part and adjusted in pressure by a set
screw 321 to check the too free vertical movement of the parts as may be
necessary to bring the indicator quickly to rest. An aperture is provided in the
pillar at 322 to admit an instrument for turning the set screw 321.
To secure the platform from longitudinal movement without preventing its free
vertical play, flexible bars 323, Figures 40, 41, 42 are provided; attached at 324
to the bed, at 325 to lugs projecting downward from the platform and at 326 to
the central part of the main platform lever 304. These flexible bars or springs are
omitted in Figure 44.
The weigh beam 327 is supported within its case by a flexible fulcrum plate 328
and is connected to the rod or bar 310 by a flexible tension plate 329 both attached
to the fulcrum bracket 330 constituting the heel of the beam. The beam case is
constructed with a shelf 331 for the reception of weights 332 to be applied as
required to the suspension rod 333 in customary manner. The hanger 334 of the
rod 333 is preferably connected to the bracket 335 at the extremity of the beam by
thin flexible plates 336 Figures 46 and 47.
Elastic connections are provided between the weight end of the beam 327 and

page_text: :the bracket 337 of the indicator rod 338 and between the indicator rod bracket and
the stationary frame or case to take up any sudden shock or impulse in either
.direction so as to prevent injury or violence to the parts. In this illustration the
said flexible connections are constructed as follows:-
339 is a plate spring secured at its centre by a screw clamp 340 to the bracket 335
at the end of the weigh beam and extending laterally beyond said bracket so as to
receive at its ends rods or plates 341 which through the medium of clamp-plates 342
and flexible plates 342 connect it to the rear part of the indicator-rod fulcrum-
bracket 337. The front of the fulcrum-bracket 337 is suspended by thin
plates 337a, clamp plates 337b. and rods or plates 343 to the extremities of the
spring 344 which is fastened by a clamp 345 at its centre to the stationary case.
Set screws 344a. are employed to keep a tension on the spring equal to the
maximum weight which will be sustained by the indicator rod bracket in the
proper use of the scale. The spring 339 exerts downward strain on the hangers 341,
342, 343. in opposition to the upward strain of the springs 344. Set screws 339a..
bearing against the spring 339 afford a partially rigid connection between the
weigh beam and indicator while the scale is in proper operation. A sudden
downward shock on the indicator rod or on the weight end of the beam or the
sudden removal of a heavy load from the platform will cause the springs 344 to
yield to afford time for the movement of the various parts without injurious strain.
The sudden dropping of a load on the platform or removal of a weight from the
rod 333 causing a more sudden upward motion of the weight end of the beam than
the indicator can respond to will temporarily separate the points of the screws 339a.
from the spring 339 the said spring keeping the hangers 341 taut till the indicator
has time to move and obviating the buckling of the plates 342a. A stop screw 346
tapped into the back of the case and a similar screw 347 in front tapped into a
vertical bar 348 being set in close proximity to the bracket 335 secure the beam 327
against lateral play. Shorter screws 349, 350 are employed to stop the indicator
rod bracket 337 against lateral play.
The vertical movement of the weigh-beam 327 is confined within proper limits
by set-screws 352, 353 passing through apertures in the case beneath it. The
screw 352 being passed loosely through. the case and tapped into the beam limits
the upward movement of the beam by contact of the screw head with the case.
The screw 353 being tapped into the case limits the descent of the beam by its
contact with the screw point. The heads of the screws are preferably enclosed
within recesses in the beam-case as shown but this is not essential. Instead of the
screw 352 fixed adjustably in the beam a screw may be applied to the case above
the beam so as to limit the upward movement of the latter as the screw 353 limits
its downward movement or the screw 353 may be dispensed with and screws may
be applied to the beam both above and below either working through openings
in the case 317 after the mauner of the screw 352 or simply impinging against the
interior of the case. In the latter mode the screws should be formed with square
heads to receive a wrench; or they may be both screwed into the beam below or
both above one working in an opening to limit the movement in one direction and
the other impinging against the case to limit it in the other direction. In either
instance such adjustable screws serve to limit the movement of the beam in both
directions.
The indicator rod carries a balancing weight 354 and works within a guide 355
and in front of an indicator plate 356 which guide and indicator may be made
in one piece and attached to the heel bracket 330 of the beam as hereinafter
described.
357 represents a sliding weight used in connection with the graduations shown
at the upper edge of the beam 327 for ordinary weighing. To the beam is attached
a rod 358 carrying a smaller weight 359 for fractional weighing in connection with
a second series of graduations on the beam. The weight rod 358 also carries one
or more balancing and tare weights 360.
In Figure 48 the bed 361 is shown supported on wheels 362 and constructed

page_text: with a flanged end, 363 for the attachment of a flanged hollow plllar, 364 (Figures
50 and 51) by means of screws or bolts 365. The hollow pillar 364 is flanged also
at its upper end 366 for the attachment of the beam case. 367 by screws or bolts 368.
The beam case is preferably constructed with a hinged front 369. (Figures 50, 52
and 53). The platform 370 rests by lugs 371 upon levers 372, 373. (Figures 48
and 49) through the medium of flexible metallic plates. 374 375 which are clamped
to the said lugs 371 and to one end of each of the said platforın levers. The levers
372, 373 rest by fulcrum plates 376..on the cross beams or lugs 377 of the bed,
these fulcrums being placed between the end fulcrums of the levers.. The main
lever 372 may be made in one piece of. A form. The levers 373.are parallel bars
connected by flexible plates 378 to, the main lever 372 at a point. midway between
the two fulcrums 376 and the short ends of all the levers are equal to each other
so that a load on either end or on any part of the platform will have an equal
effect on the main lever 372.. The platform. 370 and the levers 372 and 373 are
fixed against longitudinal movement by the flexible stay plates 430 which.are.in
the same horizontal plane, with the fixed fulcrums of the levers and connected to
the platform by lugs 370a. and to the frame by lugs 361a. By putting these
stay plates in the same horizontal plane with these fulcrums there will be no. side
thrust from these plates produced by the vertical movement of the platform. The
free end of the lever 372 is connected by a flexible plate 379 with a lug 380
attached adjustably, to the lower end of the thrust bar or column 381 and fixed in
position on said column by a lock nut. 382. The lower end of the column 381 is
held concentrically within the hollow pillar 364.by an annular. flexible fixing plate
or diaphragm 383 the outer edge. of which is. clamped between the connecting
flanges of the pillar and the bed and the inner edge of which is clamped between
lock nuts 384. The upper end of the column.381 is.constructed with an enlarged
flange or head and is held concentrically within the hollow pillar by a fixing plate 385
clamped at its outer edge between connecting flanges of the hollow pillar and the
beam case and at its inner edge between the nut or screw collar 386 and the flange
or head of the column.. The weigh beam 387 is. constructed with a removable
head 388 secured thereto by the longitudinal. and transverse screws 389, 390, 391
shown in dotted lines in Figures 54 and 55.. The head 388 is formed as shown in
Figure 54 with a cavity underneath. and an oblique or bevelled shoulder 392 for
the reception of a fulcrum block 393 of. the peculiar. shape shown in Figure 50
which is attached to the beam case through the medium of a flexible plate 394 and
a block 395 with suitable clamping screws as shown. The fulcrum piece 393.is
adapted to receive two drawing screws 396 Figure. 50 which are passed through
the apertures 397 in the beam shown in Figure 55 and indicated by dotted lines
in Figures 54 and 56. By tightly drawing up the fulcrum piece 393 by means of
the screws 396 the flexible transmitting plate 398 constituting the connection
between the column. 381 and the beam. 387 is securely clamped to the said beam
having been previously clamped in the upper end of the column 381. .
As the thin plate connections adapt the levers column and beam to move without
friction a brake is provided to apply any. desired friction to check the movement.
This brake may bear upon the levers, thrust bar or beam, or, being connected to
any such moving part may bear upon any adjacent stationary part. As shown
in the present illustration it consists of an elastic plate 399 Figure 50 fastened by
a screw 400 to the pressure column and bearing at its free end against the point
of a screw 401 .the adjustment of which in the hollow pillar varies the pressure
and consequent friction as desired.
The beam case is provided with a shelf 402 for the reception of the main
weights 403 which are applied to the suspension rod 404. This rod is suspended
from the extremity of the beam through the medium of a link or staple 405
pivoted to a pair of clamp plates 406 which connect. with the end of the beam
through a thin flexible plate or plates. 407. clamped to the said beam by a
bracket 408. To the bracket 408 are. also clamped horizontal. thin flexible
plates 409 attached. at 410 to the beam case so as to stay the beam against

page_text: longitudinal or lateral horizontal movement while permitting it sufficient vertical
play without friction. The link or staple 405 passes through an aperture in the
beam case and the hook of the rod 404 by which the latter hangs to said link or
staple occupies a cavity in the under side of the beam case as indicated by dotted
lines in Figure 53 so as to limit the upward movement of the hook and prevent
the horizontal motion of the staple beyond the elastic limits of the suspending
plate 407 without interfering with the swing of the weight-suspending rod. The
weight end of the beam is connected by thin flexible plates 411 and clamp
plates 412 with the bracket 413 which is suspended by flexible plates 414 and
clamps 415 to the beam case as shown in Figure 50 to constitute the fulcrum of
the indicator rod 416 which is fixed adjustably in said bracket by a set screw 417.
The indicator rod fulcrum bracket 413 is stayed against horizontal moveinent by
thin flexible plates 418 clamped to the said bracket and to the beam case.
419 is
a stud or standard mounted adjustably on the rear projection of the indicator rod
and carrying a vertically adjustable weight 420. The indicator rod carries a taro
or balance weight 421 which is secured in position by a set screw 422 bearing on
a block 423 of leather cork or other elastic material (Figure 57) adapted to press
upon the rod without indentation with sufficient force to hold the weight securely
in any position in which it may be set while permitting its free adjustment by
hand. The end of the rod works within a slotted guide 424 and in proximity to
an indicator plate 425. The guide and indicator plate are formed or connected in
one as illustrated in Figures 50, 52, 58 with a base-flange for the attachment of
the connected plates to the fulcrum head of the beam by means of the screws 396.
426 represents a sliding weight used in connection with the graduations shown at
the upper edge of the beam in Figure 50. The beam is provided with a weight
rod 427 carrying a light weight 428 for fractional weighing in connection with
the second graduated scale and carrying also a tare or balance weight 429.
Figures 157 to 165 inclusive represent small upright testing machines illustrating
the invention.
Referring to Figures 157 to 165 inclusive, 1201 represents a bed plate on which
are mounted two or more stationary screws 1202 rigidly secured to the bed by
nuts 1203. The said screws pass through the two beams 1204, 1205 which are
coupled together by rods 1206, nuts and washers 1207, and gun or other
springs 1208 and are further connected by lock nuts 1209 1210, applied to the
screws 1202 said nuts constituting fixed bearings for whichever of the coupled
beams may for the time being constitute the bed of the scale according to whether a
strain of tension or compression is applied to the specimen as hereinafter described.
The beam 1204 is extended horizontally as shown in Figure 157 to form the
attachment for the hollow pillar 1211 on which is supported a weigh case 1212
containing weighing mechanism substantially as shown in Figures 45, 46 and 47
and already described in detail. On the bed plate 1201 are mounted standards 1213
to afford bearing for the shafts 1214 and 1215 on one of which are fixed the
crank 1216, pinion 1217 and bevelled pinion 1218. The shaft 1215 is also adapted
to receive the crank 1216 and has keyed upon it a cog wheel 1219 gearing with
the pinion 1217 for the purpose of imparting a more rapid rotation to the
shaft 1214 when required. The bevelled pinion 1218 gears with the second
bevelled pinion 1220 on a vertical shaft 1221 carrying and rotating by a spline
the sleeve 1221a. to which are keyed bevelled pinions 1222 which gear with
similar pinions 1223 keyed on horizontal worm shafts 1224, 1225. The sleeve 1221a.
and shafts 1224, 1225, run in boxes attached to the straining beam 1226 which is
carried on the straining screws 1202. The worm shafts 1224, 1225, impart rotation
to worm wheels 1227, 1228, which are threaded to work on the screws 1202 and
bear against the beam 1226 above and below so as to move the beam forcibly up
or down.
1229 represents a specimen eye-bar or link undergoing a strain of
tension. Said specimen is connected by its eyes and suitable bolts to beam
blocks 1230 and 1231 which are placed respectively beneath the beam 1204 and
above the beam 1226. 1232 and 1233 represent respectively main and secondary

page_text: levers attached by flexible fulcrum-plates to the beams 1204 and 1205 between
which they are interposed in such a manner as to transmit a definite portion of
the load through the tension rod 1234 shown in dotted lines in Figure 157 at the
extremity of the lever 1232 extending up through the hollow pillar 1211 and
connecting above with a suitable scale beam in the weigh case 1212 as fully
described with reference to Figures 40 to 47 inclusive. It will now appear that
in this mode of using the machine the tension applied to the specimen 1229 will
be received first by the beam 1204 which thus constitutes the platform of the scale
while the beam 1205 constitutes the stationary bed and the pressure between them
being the strain upon the specimen added to the previously balanced initial load
produced by the springs 1208 is transmitted in a reduced ratio through the
levers 1232, 1233 and tension rod 1234. If it be desired to apply to a specimen
a strain of compression the said specimen is interposed directly between the
beam 1205 and the straining beam 1226, the beam blocks 1230, 1231 or modified
forms thereof being placed on the opposite sides of the coupled beams and straining
beam respectively. By means of the setting nuts 1202a. the coupled beams 1204,
1205 with their connections are moved away from the nuts 1209 bringing the
beam 1204 which is now to serve as the scale-bed firmly against the lock-nuts 1210
which constitute fixed and rigid bearings therefor as shown in Figures 162 to 165
inclusive where a machine of modified construction is represented applying a strain
of compression to a specimen 1229a. By the adjustments described either of these
machines is adapted at will for applying strains of either tension or compression
by the direct action of the rain hereinafter described or of the straining gear moved
in the required direction instead of necessitating the use of intermediate transwitting
parts so that one and the same movement of the ram may apply opposite strains to
the specimens.
The coupled beams are stayed against relative lateral motion by the trans-
mitting plates which connect the levers and beams and by the flexible fixing
plates 1205d.
The arrangement of the levers 1232, 1233, shown in Figures 102 to 165 inclusive
adapts them to impart an upward thrust to the column 1234a. instead of a down-
ward tension as in the former illustration. This form of the weighing apparatus is
herein-before described in detail with reference to Figures 48 to 58 inclusive.
This testing machine may be substantially similar in other respects to that
already described. In each illustration the crank 1216 is shown on the pinion
shaft 1214 so as to operate with the greatest power. For more rapid adjustment
of the straining beam 1226 when it is not used for applying the strains the
crank 1216 is adjusted to the shaft 1215 so as to drive the pinion shaft and
connections with multiplied speed through the medium of the cog wheel 1219. In
the machine shown in Figures 162 to 165 inclusive the nuts 1227a. are driven
directly by gears operated by the shaft 1221 instead of through the medium of
screw shafts 1224, 1225 as in the other machine.
In Figures 201, 202, 203 and 208--1361 represents the stationary bed of the
machine to which are rigidly connected by nuts 1362 the straining screws 1363.
The said screws pass through openings of larger diameter in the coupled load
beams 1364, 1365. 1366, 1367 represent cone-faced nuts working on the screws 1363
and constituting the bearings of the one of the coupled beams 1364 1365 which for
the time being constitutes the bed of the scale as before described. The conical
form of the face of the nuts 1366, 1367, causes them to hold the beams with their
apertures concentric with the screws 1363 so that the free or load beam may be
prevented from contact or friction against the said screws, the relative lateral
motion of the beams being prevented by devices presently to be described.
1368, 1369 represent lock nuts to fix the respective nuts 1366, 1367, 1370 represent
fixing rods rigidly secured in the bed 1361 of the machine and passing through
apertures of larger diameter in lugs 1371, 1372 projecting from the ends of the
respective beams 1364, 1365. 1373 are nuts coue-faced at both ends working on
the setting rods 1370 and bearing against the lugs 1371, 1372 to press either of

page_text: the beams 1364, 1365, which is to constitute the bed of the scale against its bearing
nuts 1366 or 1367. The conical form of the faces of the nuts 1373 causes them to
centre the rods 1370 within the apertures of the lugs 1371, 1372 so as to prevent
contact or friction between the rods 1370 and the free or load beam. If permitted
by the dimensions of the pressure supports or levers as the case may be which are
interposed between the coupled beams 1364, 1365, setting nuts (1373) may be
applied to the screws 1363 so as to dispense with separate setting rods. By the
use of two pairs of setting rods 1370 at a sufficient distance asunder laterally in
respect to the beams the said beams are not only moved as before explained and
held firmly against their bearings, but the beam which constitutes for the time
being the bed of the scale is rigidly fixed against tipping or rotary motion.
One of the beams 1365 is constructed with projecting lugs or brackets 1374
which may extend as illustrated in Figures 201, 207 and 208 completely across
the beam 1364 so as to bring the ends of the said lugs or brackets nearly in the
same plane with the back of the said beam 1364. This admits of the attachment
of fixing plates 1375 at their centres to the back of the beam 1364 and at their
extremities to the sides of the lugs 1374 of the beam 1365 by means of clamps and
screws 1376 which hold the plates against relative motion laterally in the machine.
The plates 1375 constitute springs tending to press the beams 1364 and 1365
together so as to hold them firmly and with the proper initial pressure upon the
bydraulic pressure-supports or levers which are interposed between them. The
fixing springs 1375 may if preferred be applied to the inner face of the beam 1364
and to lugs 1374 on the upper beam extending near the inner face of said
beam 1364 instead of completely across the same as in the present illustration.
In this illustration the invention is represented in connection with hydraulic
pressure supports which are shown at 1377. One of these supports is shown in
elevation in Figure 214 and in plan in Figure 215. Their construction is illustrated
in detail on a larger scale in Figures 216, 217 and 218. The support is constructed
with a chambered base 1378 from which projects a lug 1379 to secure it against
lateral motion. The working surface of the base is covered with a lining plate 1380
or partly covered by an annular lining plate soldered as shown to a conducting
plug 1381 the duct in which communicates through the lining with the interior of
the chamber and at its other end laterally with the coupling and sealing plug 1382
to which the liquid pressure pipe 1383 is permanently attached. A cavity in the
plug 1381 receiving the convex end of the coupling plug 1382 causes the screwing
in of the last named plug to fix the conducting plug 1381 firmly in position while
the ducts in the two plugs are brought into cominunication. The lining 1380 is
soldered at its periphery to an annular diaphragm 1384 the inner edge of which is
fixed by soldering or other means to the column base 1385. The soldered or united
edges of the plate 1380 and diaphragm 1384 are afterwards securely clamped upon
the base 1378 by the casing 1386 by means of tap screws 1387. The upper
member 1385a. of the pressure columu is connected by a flexible fixing plate 1388
with the upper edge of the case 1386 so as to hold the said column against lateral
motion. The top of the column is recessed as shown for the reception of a
block 1389 of rubber or other yielding material on which may be placed a cap or
on which the beam 1365 may rest, directly if preferred, the said yielding block
being similarly recessed into the beam or cap as the case may be. The rubber is
confined against expansion by its containing recesses, but permits to the coupled
beams slight relative motion laterally so as to permit the free action of the pressure
supports and prevent their constraint by the extension and compression of the
surfaces of the respective beams by the strains to which they are subjected.
My improvements in pressure supports are protected under other applications of
even date herewith. Such supports are shown in connection with the machine
which forms the subject of this application because their use is desirable when the
said machine is employed for heavy loads or strains.
In Figures 201, 208, 210, 211,-1390 represents a beam link connected by a
bolt 1391 to a beam block 1392 resting on the back of the beam 1364. Said link

page_text: 1390 passes without contact through apertures in the two beams 1364, 1365, and
is connected at its other end by a bolt 1393 to the load links 1394 which are bolted
to the centre bearing 1395. 1396 represents a specimen -beam undergoing
transverse strain. The bearing 1395 rests on the centre of said specimen being
connected with the load beam 1364 of the machine as before stated while the
specimen is strained by the pressure applied to its end through the bearings 1397
links 1398 and straining bar 1399. The links 1398 are connected to the straining
bar 1399 by bolts 1400 the bar 1399 constituting in this illustration the piston
1403
rod of a hydraulic press 1401 which is attached to the straining beam 1402.
Figures 208, 209, represent liquid pressure pipes of the hydraulic press and 1404
the piston thereof connected with the straining bar 1399. The straining bearings
1397 are threaded to constitute right and left screw nuts fitting the right and left
screw threads on the truss chord 1405 which is rotated by a crank 1406 retained
by a nut 1407 for the purpose of setting said bearings at any distance asunder to
suit the length of the specimen to be tested. The straining links 1398 are con-
nected to the bearings 1397 by bolts 1408 passing through lugs 1409 and as shown
in Figure 201 into said bearings. The straining beam 1402 is provided with two
pairs of nuts 1410 working on the straining screws 1363 and forming the eyes or
hubs of cog wheels 1411 which may be cast in one with the said nuts or rigidly
keyed thereto. The faces of the nuts work against bearings or bosses 1412 on
each face of the straining beam so that the rotation of the nuts will move the beam
in either direction either for adjustment or for producing strains of tension or
compression. The hydraulic press 1401 is used for producing heavier strains.
The screw gearing sets and retains the beam in any position. Motion is com-
municated between the wheels 1411 of the nuts on either face of the straining-
beam by intermediate gear wheels 1413, 1414, 1415, mounted on shafts 1416.
The rotation of the wheels 1411 for moving the beams as before stated is produced
by driving pinions 1417 fixed by nuts 1417a. to a sleeve 1418 which is shown in
section in Figure 204 and has its bearings in the straining beam 1402.
sleeve is provided with an internal spline 1419 as shown in section in Figure 205
to work in a groove in the driving shaft 1420. The said driving shaft is rotated
by bevelled pinions 1421, 1422 and a crank 1423 which may be placed on the
shaft 1424 of the pinion 1422 or on the shaft 1425 of a multiplying gear 1425a.
gearing with the small pinion 1426 on said shaft 1424 so that the movement of the
beain may be more or less rapid. The lower end of the shaft 1420 and the shafts
1424 and 1425 run in boxes 1427 on the frame 1428 which is bolted to the bed
1361. The quick movement through the medium of the multiplying gear 1425a.
1426 is used for adjusting the beam when not under strain. The slower and more
This
powerful movement by the application of the crank directly to the shaft 1424.is
used for producing strains. The long sleeve 1418 may be dispensed with if
preferred, the two pinions 1417 running in separate bearings on the straining beain
1402 and having their own splines to work in the groove of the shaft 1420 so
that they may slide freely on the said shaft together with the straining beam and
derive rotation therefrom in any position of the straining beam.
1429 are liquid pressure pipes communicating from the supports 1377 to pressure
chambers of the weighing apparatus which is contained in the case 1430 Suitable
weighing apparatus for this purpose operated by liquid pressure I have made the
subject of another application of even date herewith.
The mode of using the machine with beams of the modified construction shown
in Figures 201. 202 and 203 for producing strains of either tension or compression
at the will of the operator will be fully understood by the foregoing description
with reference to Figures 157 to 165 inclusive.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention and the mode in which
the same may be carried into effect I would have it understood that what I
claim is:-
1* The combination of the platform and its levers with thin flexible plates

page_text: clamped to and directly connecting the said platforın and levers, as and for the
purposes set forth.
2nd The combination of flexible stay-plates with the platform, platform-lever or
levers, and frame or bed, of a scale as described.
3rd The combination with the platform-lever 304, of the adjustable stop-screws 312,
abutting against the frame or one or more lugs thereon as and for the purposes set
forth.
4th In combination with either or both levers 304, 305, and with the frame or
bed of the scale 306 the thin flexible plate-fulcrums and their clamps, said flexible
plate-fulcrums offering such slight resistance that a small fraction of the full load
of the scale will deflect the levers to the extent of their permitted movement.
5th In a platform scale the platform lever or levers having thin flexible plate-
fulcrums in combination with weighing mechanism extraneous to said fulcrums.
6th The combination of primary and secondary platform-levers, connected by thin
flexible plate-fulcrums offering such slight resistance that a small fraction of the
full load of the scale will deflect the levers to the extent of their permitted
movement, substantially as set forth.
7th The doubly flanged hollow-pillar 364 constructed as shown and combined
with the bed 363 and weigh-beam case 367 as and for the purposes specified...
8th In combination with the flanged-pillar, the weigh-beam case 367, weigh-
beam 387, and indicator-rod 416, with suitable connections, substantially as set
forth.
1
9th The combination of a scale platform levers supporting the same, a weight-
beam and a column connecting said levers and weight-beam, stayed against lateral
motion, substantially as set forth.
10th A weight-beam or indicator-rod suspended by springs strained to the proper
maximum load, and adapted to yield under an excessive or sudden shock as set
forth.
11th In combination with a scale beam and a secondary beam or indicator rod,
connected thereto by hangers, the spring 339, adapted to keep said hangers
constantly under tension, and compensate for a sudden upward movement of the
beam, as set forth.
12th The combination with a scale beam and its case or frame of a pair of
adjustable stop-screws to limit the movement of the beam in either direction
substantially as set forth.
13th The adjustable stops 346, 347, 349, 350, to prevent lateral motion of the
scale-beam or indicator-rod, substantially as set forth.
14th A friction-brake operating substantially as herein set forth in a scale
constructed with flexible plate connections.
15th In combination with the bed 361, or supporting pieces 377, the platform 370
and the platform-levers 372, 373; the thin connecting and fulcrum-plates 374, 375,
376, arranged as herein shewn, with the plates connecting the levers to the bed
between the ends of said levers so that pressure on the platform will produce an
upward thrust on the free end of the lever 372 as set forth.
16th In combination with the platform 370, its levers 372, 373, and frame 361,
the flexible stay-plates 430 to prevent horizontal motion of the platform, arranged
in the same horizontal plane with the fixed fulcrums of the levers, substantially as
set forth.
17th The combination of the bed, the platform-levers and thin flexible com-
pression-plate 379, applying an upward pressure to the beam-column, as set forth.
18th The platform 370, and levers 372, 373, directly connected by thin plates
in combination with the thrust or compression bar 381, the scale beam 387, and
the compression-plates, 379, 398 secured by clamp plates, substantially as and for
the purposes set forth.
19th The combination of the platform-lever 372, the platform bed 361, 363, the
flanged-pillar 364, the fixing-plate 383, and the beam-pressure-column suitably

page_text: connected to the main-platform-lever, substantially as and for the purposes set
forth.
20th A weight platform suspended from a scale-beam or indicator-rod above the
centre of motion thereof by a flexible plate or plates attached by clamps at one or
both ends, substantially as set forth.
21st The combination of the clamping nut 386, with the thin plate 385, and
pressure-column, as and for the purposes set forth.
22nd The combination of the flanged pillar-head 366, the beam-case secured
thereto, the pressure column 381, the diaphragm 385, clamped between the
pillar-head and case, and the nut 386, for fixing the diaphragm to the pressure
column, as set forth.
23 In combination with the pressure-column 381, fixing diaphragm 385,
and weigh-beam 387, the thin compression fulcrum plates 898, 394, as herein
set forth.
24th The combination of the thin plate 394, clamp-plates thereof, and fulcrum-
block 393, with the case 367 with or without the intermediate attaching block 395,
as and for the purposes set forth.
25th The combination of an adjusting screw 401, with the friction brake 399,
pillar 364, and bar or column 381, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
26th In combination with the beam-hend 388, shoulder 392 fulcrum block 393
and thin plate 398, the draw-screws 396, operating substantially as and for the
purposes set forth.
27th The beam 387 made separately from its fulcrum-head 388, and attached
thereto by screws, substantially as set forth.
28th A scale-beam or lever secured against longitudinal motion by one or more
flexible plates attached to it and to another suitable part of the scale.
29th The thin flexible plate or plates 409, connecting the weight end of the
beam to the case or frame, to fix it against longitudinal or lateral motion, as
explained.
30th The thin flexible plate or plates 418, connecting the fulcrum piece of a
supplemental beam or indicator-rod with the case or frame, substantially as and
for the purposes set forth.
31 The weight-rod 404, and attaching-link or stirrup 405, connected as shown,
and having their point of connection within an aperture in the case which limits
their motion, substantially as set forth.
32nd In combination with a weight sliding on a rod or beam 416, the fixing-
screw 422, and elastic friction-piece 423, substantially as set forth.
33rd The connected guide and index-plate 424, 425, attached to the stationary
frame or beam near the fulcrum of the latter for use in connection with the
indicator-rod 416, as herein set forth.
34 In a weighing machine, gauge, or dynamometer, the combination with two
levers or a lever and pressure-column, or a lever and a fulcrum block, platforin
bed or case of a thin flexible fulcrum or transmitting plate secured at one or both
ends by a clamp-plate and gauging shoulder substantially as set forth.
35th The combination in a testing machine of two beams with levers or
hydraulic supports between them to receive the strain from the specimen being
tested, the two beams both being movable and separate from the main or fixed bed
of the machine.
36th A testing machine constructed with two coupled beams or platforms,
arranged for optional use so that they constitute respectively the fixed bed and
the free or operating beam or platform for measuring strains in opposite
directions.
37th One or more pairs of nuts operating on suitable screws in connection with
a pair of coupled beams to set either of said beams at will against its stationary
bearings, substantially as set forth.
38 The combination with the straining-beam 1402, and screws 1363, for
moving and holding the same, of a press, for producing a strain of tension or

page_text: compression, the cylinder of said press being made separately from the beam and
secured thereto.
39th In combination with the straining screws and movable scale-beams, of a
testing-machine, coned-nuts for centering the beams relatively to the screws,
substantially as set forth.
40th The truss-chord, 1405, constructed with a right and left screw thread in
combination with the load-bearings 1397, substantially as set forth.
41st In a testing machine the combination of a straining-beam, fixed screws,
cogged nuts and gearing for rotating said nuts to move the beam on the screws,
substantially as herein shown and described.
42 The machine for testing the strength of materials, substantially as herein
shown and described.
43 A weighing apparatus, substantially as herein described, whether for use in
a testing machine or for other purposes.
In witness whereof I the said Albert Hamilton Emery have hereunto set my
hand and seal this eighth day of November in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty three.
ALBERT HAMILTON EMERY (LS.)
SCHUYLER MERRITT
GEORGE E. WHITE
Witnesses.