A Method of Distilling, Fractioning, and Cracking Mineral Oils and obtaining various Products therefrom, and Apparatus for that purpose.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 18th Jan., 1898-Accepted, 12th Mar., 1898
A Method of Distilling, Fractioning, and Cracking Mineral Oils and
obtaining various Products therefrom, and Apparatus for that
purpose.
I, VICTOR IVANOVITCH RAGOSIN, of 70 Nikolaevsky Street, St. Petersburg, Russia,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:
1
My invention relates to the distilling fractioning and cracking of mineral oils
so as to obtain therefrom various products such as kerosene, oils for burning and
lubrication, paraffin wax and their fractional products.
For this purpose, I effect distillation of petroleum or other mineral oil at a
moderate heat by introducing into the still a hydrocarbon of low boiling point,
such, for instance, as benzene, which has the effect of dissolving the petroleum,
lowering its boiling temperature and increasing the elasticity of the vapour, which
I fractionate in special condensers so as to obtain various products according to
the various temperatures at which these vapours are condensed. I also, by heat-
ing vapour from the first still so as to crack portions of it, obtain products such as
paraffin wax.
Apparatus for effecting these operations may be varied in form and arrange-
ment, but I shall describe a suitable arrangement referring to the accompanying
drawings.
Fig. 1 is a side view, partly in section, Fig. 2 is a plan of the still and a set
of condensers; Figs. 3 and 4 transverse sections of the still on the lines 3-3
and 44 of Fig. 1 respectively, and Fig. 5 is a part section on the line 5-5 of
Fig. 2. Fig. 6 shews two of the condenser towers the one in vertical section and
the other partly in elevation. Fig. 7 is a longitudinal and Fig. 8 is a transverse
section of a still in combination with a cracking vessel, and Fig. 9 is a part
longitudinal section shewing in two positions the brush for clearing the bottom
of the still from carbon deposit resulting from the distillation.
Like letters of reference are employed in all the figures to denote like parts.
The still A is a cylindrical vessel heated by the products of combustion of fuel
preferably mineral oil burnt by a suitable burner in a combustion chamber A'
from which the hot products ascend partly at the end of the chamber at A2 and
partly through openings A3 through the arch, these products passing up each
side and over the top of the still A to a flue A leading to a chimney.
The still is supplied by a pipe A with mineral oil from a vessel in which it is
kept at a constant level so that it remains in the still with its surface at A³ under
the dome A6.
Benzene supplied from a vessel B flows by a pipe B' through the contents of
the still partly dissolving the oil and lowering the temperature of its vaporization.
The benzene instead of being supplied in a liquid condition may be vaporised on
its way to the still in the small boiler B³. The contents of the still A can be run
off by a pipe A8.

page_text: 6. For clearing carbon deposit from a still employed for distilling mineral
oils, a travelling brush arranged and operating substantially as described with
reference to Fig. 9 of the drawings.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.