Improvements in Means or Apparatus for Lifting, Regulating, and otherwise Operating Fanlights and the like, also applicable for Lifting or Controlling other Objects or Articles.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Feb., 1899
Complete Specification Left, 14th Dec., 1899-Accepted, 28th Feb., 1900
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Means or Apparatus for Lifting, Regulating, and
otherwise Operating Fanlights and the like, also applicable for
Lifting or Controlling other Objects or Articles.
I, ROBERT ADAMS, of 67, Newington Causeway, London, S.E., Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of my said invention to be as follows:-
The object of my invention is to provide new or improved means or appliances
for lifting, regulating and otherwise operating fanlights, swing windows, cellar
flaps or doors, and analogous articles, such means or apparatus being also
suitable for other purposes where it is desired to propel or drive a rod, bar,
plate, rope cord or other attachment a required distance and so that such rod,
bar, plate, cord or the like cannot move either way without being operated upon.
According to one method, I make use of a rack and pinion motion and provide
the same with means whereby the motion thereof in either direction is auto-
matically arrested on the operator removing his hand from the winder, key,
knob, or other means for communicating motion to the pinion.
For this purpose, I fit a star or other multiple cam wheel alongside the pinion
or revolving wheel and so arranged relatively to each other that the star or cam
wheel is free to rotate a distance equal to one or more of the teeth of the pinion;
thus, if the winder or key is placed in contact with the star wheel and operated,
(or partially rotated by a rope or cord and pulley) the star wheel rotates a
sufficient distance to close the gaps between the teeth of the pinion as viewed
axially. A pawl, with or without a spring, engages with the teeth of the said
pinion or revolving wheel when the teeth of the star wheel and pinion coincide,
and acts as an ordinary pawl and ratchet when driven in one direction; but as
soon as the mechanism is operated in the other direction the pawl is disengaged
by the star or cam wheel, thereby allowing the said pinion to revolve, the pawl
remaining out of contact until the driving motion is stopped when the star wheel
is returned to its normal position and the pawl re-engages the teeth of the
pinion. In some cases two pawls may be fitted to act in opposite directions, both
being arranged to be thrown out of gear by the star or cam wheel.
Similarly, the motion of the pinion may be governed by a double crown ratchet
or toothed ring (or ratchet on one side and pins or studs on the other side) so
arranged axially with the pinion that normally the double crown ring engages
simultaneously with teeth on the side of the pinion and teeth integral with the
fixed outer casing. But on applying a key or other winder the crown ring is
disengaged from the teeth on the casing whereby the pinion is free to revolve with
the key or winder; and on withdrawing the key or other controller the crown ring
again engages with such casing teeth, thereby preventing further or accidental
rotation.

page_text: I, ROBERT ADAMS, of 67, Newington Causeway, London, S.E., Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of my said invention and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
The object of my invention is to provide new or improved means or appliances
for lifting regulating, and otherwise operating fanlights, swing windows, cellar
flaps or doors, and analogous articles, such means or apparatus being also suit-
able for other purposes where it is desired to propel or drive a rod, bar, plaie,
rope, cord or chain or other attachment a required distance and so that such rod,
bar, plate, rope or cord, or the like can not move either way without being
-operated upon.
According to my invention, I make use of a rack and pinion or pinion and
gearing movements and provide the same with means whereby the motion thereof
in either direction is automatically arrested on the operator removing his hand
from the winder, key, knob, or other means for communicating motion to the
pinion.
And in order that my said invention may be particularly described and ascer
tained, reference is hereby made to the accompanying drawings in which similar
letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.
Figs. 1, 2, and 3 illustrate a means for controlling the motion of the pinion
by a pawl and cam wheel.
Figs. 4, 5, 6, and 7, illustrate a pawl locking device without a cam wheel.
Figs. 8, 9, 10 and 11 illustrate means, or substitute for the cam wheel for
disengaging the pawl.
:
Figs. 12 13 and 14 illustrate means for locking the pinion without a pawl.
Referring to Figs. 1, 2, and 3, a is a rack gearing with a pinion & mounted within
the case c; d is a pawl engaging with the teeth of the pinion, being a stud,
pin and roller, or other projection in contact with the edge of the cam wheel e
which is also mounted in the case c but independently of the pinion b. f is a
spring or spring pawl, arranged to act as a brake or check pawl on the cam
wheel e.
The pinion and cam wheel are arranged so that on a suitable key,
winder or other appliance being inserted and turned in one direction the pinion
and cam wheel are free to rotate as an ordinary ratchet wheel, but on being
turned the reverse way the cam wheel is first operated raising the pin and
throwing the pawl out of gear with the teeth. When the hand is removed from
the key or appliance (or when the key or the like is withdrawn) the pinion rotates
a short distance (by reason of the weight or power on the rack) and then rotates
the cam wheel, and the support for the pin being removed the pawl drops
and engages with the pinion, the spring pawl f applies sufficient drag or brakes
the cam wheel e to prevent it being moved by frictional contact with the pinion.
The cam wheel may be otherwise shaped, and in some instances it takes the
form of a star or ratchet wheel arranged to act upon a projection on the end of the
pawl (or upon the end of the pawl itself) so as to lift the pawl out of gear with
the pinion. The cam, star, or other wheel e is free to rotate independently of
the pinion a distance equal to one or more teeth of the pinion, but the opening
for the key, or means for operating, in both pinion and disengaging wheel 13
preferably arranged to coincide sufficiently (shown square on the drawings but

page_text: may be otherwise formed) so that the key may be readily inserted yet allowing for
the necessary independent motion of the one relatively to the other.
Figs. 4, 5, 6 and 7 illustrate another arrangement of the pawl whereby the cam
wheel is dispensed with. The case c is shown (Figs. 4 & 5) of a special design to
accommodate the working parts and in such a manner that the case itself forms
the bearing for the pinion 6; the part e¹ is for the rack, is for the pawl, and
for the pinion 6 which is formed to approximately fit the recess c³ provided
for it.
:
In this device the pawl d is situated at the back of the pinion band is fulcrumed
at in the case, a suitable spring (such as that shown) being provided. The pawl
is formed with projections d³ adapted to engage with the teeth of the pinion b or
with teeth or projections on the back face thereof. To operate the pinion either
way it is necessary to first disengage the pawl by pressing the key or the like
through the socket in the pinion, as illustrated by Fig. 7, y representing the key;
this action forces back the pawl whereby a rotary motion of the pinion is
permitted.
In Figs. 8, 9 and 10 a somewhat similar arrangement is shown, the pressure
of the key or the like (or of a flange or projection moveable thereupon) causing the
pawl d to become disengaged, h is a slotted plate or lever fulcrumed in the case c
at d, the upper end being formed with a wedge piece arranged to impinge
upon the corresponding wedge projection d' integral with the pawl d; it will be
seen that when the plate or lever his pressed towards the pinion the wedge
pieces engage and cause the pawl to lift out of gear with the pinion.
The case is formed to accommodate the working parts, as described with
reference to Figs. 4 to 7 and with suitable modifications.
Fig 11 is a modification in which the projection on the pawl d is extended
downwards beside the pinion 6 to form a finger arranged to be acted upon by a
conical flange integral with or moveable upon the key y or the like, whereby the
pawl is lifted out of gear when the key (or the moveable conical flange) is pressed
inward.
Figs. 12, 13 and 14 illustrate the application of a double crown-toothed disc i
to the pinion & instead of the pawl d. The pinion has teeth m formed thereon
engaging with teeth m¹ on the crown disc : these teeth are sufficiently deep to
ensure their engagement at all times so that the disc and the pinion always
revolve together. The disc i is also formed with teeth adapted to engage with
teeth cast or otherwise formed on the case, the teeth being shallow and thus
render the disc i capable of being disengaged from the teeth on the case
when operated by a key or winder or the like. is a spring for pressing apart
the pinion b and the disc whereby the whole is interlocked with the case as in a
clutch action.
To operate the mechanism it is only necessary to insert the key or winder or
the like and press same, when the flange of the key or the like forces back the
disc on to the pinion thereby disengaging the teeth from the teeth and
permitting the pinion and disc to revolve. On removing the key or the pressure
therefrom the spring & instantly drives the disc i and pinion b apart causing the
whole to again become locked with the case.
The shape of the teeth i'm, m² may be varied as preferred, ratchet teeth
being sometimes employed instead of those illustrated; similarly the teeth mm
may be dispensed with and other sliding connections (such as pins and sockets)
may be used instead thereof.
The arrangements illustrated in Figs. 6 to 10 may be further modified by
arranging the pinion to slide so as to engage with teeth on the case when in its
normal position of rest (instead of the pawl Figs. 6 and 7), to carry a conical flange
adapted to engage with and lift the pawl (in place of the plate or lever h
Figs. 8, 9, 10). Also the crown disc i may be placed at the back of the pinion and
arranged to be always in contact with the teeth of the case but capable of
lisengaging from those on the back of the pinion by the application of pressure

page_text: to the key, winder or the like. Suitable springs are fitted where necessary to
effect the proper working of the mechanism.
The cases may be provided with flanges or other means for attachment suitable
to the purpose for which the regulator is required. The pinion may be mounted
on a shaft and the disengaging gear operated by a key, winder, or other suitable
instrument separately or in combination with cords and pulleys or other gear.
The key for hand use is sometimes provided with a flange or one or more
pins capable of being moved on the key shaft by exterior means fitted to the
handle.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
1. The combination with a pinion of means whereby the pinion is normally
prevented from rotating unless operated by a key, shaft, winder, or other means
for communicating motion, substantially as specified.
2. In mechanism or apparatus for lifting, regulating and otherwise operating
fanlights and for other purposes, the combination with a pinion of a pawl engaging
with the teeth of the pinion; a projection on said pawl; a cam wheel engaging
said projection and arranged to disengage the pawl from the teeth of the pinion
substantially as set forth.
3. The combination with a pinion, of a pawl engaging with the pinion; a
projection on said pawl, and means for raising the-pawl out of gear with the
pinion when operated, substantially as set forth.
4. The combnation with a pinion of a pawl or pawl-plate fitted-in-a-recess at
the back of the case, with a spring; said pawl engaging with the teeth of the
pinion and being disengaged therefrom by the application of pressure on the key,
winder or the like, substantially as set forth.
5. The combination with pinion of a pawl engaging with said pinion and
formed with an inclined projection; a plate carrying a corresponding inclined
projection, arranged and operating substantially as set forth.
6. The combination with a pinion of a pawl engaging with said pinion; a
projecting finger on said pawl and a conical formation of the key or winder or
the like, arranged and operating substantially as set forth.
7. The combination with a pinion, of a double crown toothed disc adapted to
engage with teeth on the face of the pinion and with teeth on the inside of the
case, arranged and operating substantially as set forth.
8. The combination with a pinion, of a crown toothed disc adapted to engage
with teeth on the inside of the case and so connected with the pinion that it is
capable of movement axially but cannot rotate without the pinion, arranged
and operating substantially as set forth.
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1034.
ROBT. ADAMS.
By George Downing & Sons,
Chartered Patent Agents, 8, Quality Court, London, W.C.