IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS
Year: 1884

page_text: "
I, CHARLES JAMES APPLEBY, of Cannon Street, in the City of London, Engineer
do hereby declare the nature of my invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS
to be as follows:-
My invention relates to Boilers used for the generation of steam, more especially
to the vertical type of boiler, and it has for its object a novel method of construction
of such boilers by which a larger heating surface and a more complete utilization
of the products of combustion are obtained than has been the case in such boilers as
heretofore made, together with greater simplicity of construction and facility for
taking apart either for the purpose of internal examination or for, convenience of
transport, and great strength for resisting internal pressure.
In order to put my invention in operation, I make the outer shell of the boiler of
iron, steel, or other suitable material, of any required size, and circular, square,
elliptical, or other convenient shape in plan, the top being either flat or domed.
In the lower part of this shell is arranged and attached to it in the usual way
a low internal firebox, which may be of corresponding shape, a waterspace being
left between them, and a firegrate and door of the ordinary kind being provided.
From a convenient part of this firebox, preferably opposite to the door, is made
an opening of suitable size passing through the waterspace and communicating
with a passage leading upward into a chamber, of convenient shape, preferably
rectangular, at the side of the boiler, the passage and the chamber being lined with
firebrick or other sufficiently refractory material.
Across and passing through the boiler, is arranged a set or nest of tubes, the
number and size of which are proportioned to the size of the boiler. The ends of
these tubes project beyond the sides of the boiler and are fixed into flat tube plates,
one at each side of the boiler, these tube plates being fixed to pockets or seatings
projecting from and attached to the sides of the boiler. The tubes communicate
at one end with the chamber already described, and at the other end with a
similar chamber also lined with firebrick, the two chambers being bolted to the
edges of the tube plates so that they can be readily removed when required. The
first described chamber has a horizontal internal diaphragm fitted across it, and is
preferably somewhat wider in its upper part, which communicates with a chimney
of any suitable kind.

page_text: The action of the boiler is as follows:-the flame and products of combustion
from the firebox pass through the opening and passage into the lower part of the
chamber below the diaphragm. They thence pass through the lower tubes of the
set across the boiler into the opposite chamber, whence they return through
the upper tubes into the first chamber above the diaphragm and thence to the
chimney. In this way the heat is made to act upon horizontal surfaces through its
entire passage from the firebox to the chimney.
Instead of a horizontal diaphragm I sometimes use a vertical central diaphragm
in the first described chamber, the flame and products of combustion passing from
the firebox to the chamber at one side of the diaphragm thence through the side
tubes of the set to the opposite chamber, returning through the tubes at the other
side of the set to the other side of the vertical diaphragm and thence to the
chimney.
Openings for the admission of air into the chamber may be made in order to-
effect more perfect combustion, and may be provided with regulating valves by
which the supply of air can be regulated.
I sometimes make one of the tube plates described larger than the opposite one,
the pockets or seatings upon the boiler to which they are bolted being also made of
corresponding sizes and arranged so that when desired the two tube plates and the
entire set of tubes can be removed together the smaller tube plate being of such
size that it can pass through the larger seating at the opposite side of the boiler.
In order to prevent priming in boilers, I sometimes fix round the inside of the
boiler above the level of the water, a flange or plate directed inward and downward
and either straight or curved, so that the water is prevented from rising up the
sides of the boiler and passing away with the steam.
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By my invention a large tubular and direct heating surface is obtained by means
of the great length of tube which can be used in a boiler of given size, and by
means of the arrangement of diaphragm, tubes, tube plates, and chambers, as
described the heat is made to pass over a long distance and is thoroughly and
effectively utilized.
1
Deted this 7th dov of Fahnuono 1001
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"
14

page_text: "
I, CHARLES JAMES APPLEBY, of Cannon Street, in the City of London, Engineer
do hereby declare the nature of my invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS
and in what manner the 'same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement and accompanying drawing:-
My invention relates to Boilers used for the generation of steam, more especially
to the vertical type of boilers, and it has for its object a novel method of
construction by which a larger heating surface and a more complete utilization of
the products of combustion are obtained than has been the case in such boilers as
heretofore made as well as greater simplicity of construction and facility for taking
apart either for the purpose of internal examination and cleaning or for convenience
of transport, and great strength for resisting internal pressure.
.
The accompanying drawing which is in illustration of my invention, shews a
central longitudinal section of a vertical boiler.
-1
I.
I make the outer shell 'a of 'the boiler of iron, steel, or other suitable material,
of any required size, and circular, square, elliptical, or other convenient shape in
plan, the top b being either flat as shewn or domed in the usual way. In the lower
part of this shell is arranged and attached to it in the usual way by rivetting a low
internal firebox c which may be of corresponding shape, a waterspace d'being left
between them, and a firegrate e and door at f of the ordinary kind being provided.
From a convenient part of this firebox c preferably opposite to the door f, is made
an opening g of suitable size passing through the water space d and communicating
with a passage h leading upward into a chamber i, of convenient shape, preferably
rectangular, at the side of the boiler, both the passage and the chamber being
lined with firebrick or other sufficiently refractory material as shewn at k.
Across and passing through the boiler are arranged a set or nest of transverse
tubes 1,1,1,1,1,1, the number and size of which are proportioned to the size of the
boiler. The ends of these tubes project somewhat beyond the sides of the boiler
and are fixed into flat tube plates m, m¹, one at each side of the boiler, these tube
plates being bolted or otherwise fixed to pockets or seatings n, n¹, projecting from
and attached to the sides of the boiler. The tubes communicate at one end with
the chamber i already described, and at the other end with a similar chamber o also
lined with firebrick k the two chambers being bolted to the edges of the tube
plates m, m³, so that they can be readily removed when required. The first
described chamber i has a horizontal internal diaphragm p fitted across it, and is
preferably somewhat wider in its upper part, which communicates with a chimney r
of any suitable kind.
The action of the boiler is as follows:-The flame and products of combustion
from the firebox c pass through the opening g and passage h into the lower part of
the chamber i below the diaphragm p. They thence pass (as shewn by the arrows)
through the lower tubes 1, 1, 1, of the set across the boiler into the opposite
chamber o, whence they return through the upper tubes 1, 1, 1, into the first
chamber above the diaphragm p and thence to the chimney r. In this way the
heat is made to act upon horizontal surfaces through its entire passage from the
firebox c to the chimney r.
The arrangement described and shewn may be modified more or less. For
instance, instead of a horizontal diaphragm I sometimes use a vertical central
diaphragm in the first described chamber i, the flame and products of combustion
passing from the firebox to the chamber at one side of the diaphragm thence

page_text: through the side tubes of the set to the opposite chamber, returning through the
tubes at the other side of the set to the other side of the vertical diaphragm and
thence to the chimney.
Openings for the admission of air into the chamber may be made in order to
effect more perfect combustion, and may be provided with regulating valves by
which the supply of air can be regulated.
I sometimes make one of the tube plates m, m', larger than the opposite one, the
pockets or seatings n, n¹, upon the boiler to which they are bolted being also made
of corresponding sizes and arranged so that when desired the two tube plates m, m',
and the entire set of tubes 1, 1, can be removed together, the smaller tube plate
being of such size that it can pass through the larger seating at the opposite side
of the boiler, and being bolted to the inner side of an internal flange upon its
seating, whilst the larger opposite tube plate is bolted to the outer side of an
Texternal flange upon its corresponding seating.
In order to prevent priming in boilers, of the novel kind described or other kinds
I sometimes fix round the inside of the boiler above the level of the water a flange
or plates directed inward and downward and either straight or curved, so that the
water is prevented from rising up the sides of the boiler and passing away with
the steam.
By my invention a large tubular and direct heating surface is obtained by means
of the great length of tube which can be used in a boiler of given size, and by
means of the arrangement of diaphragm, tubes, tube plates, and chambers, as
described the heat is made to pass over a long distance and is thoroughly and
effectively utilized.
The size and proportions of the boiler may be varied as desired to suit the
circumstances under which it is to be used.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1. The combination of the opening from the firebox, passage h, chambers i
and o, and diaphragm p, with the tubes 1, 1, substantially as and for the purpose
described and shewn in the drawing.
2. The method of arranging the tubes in tube plates fixed to seats or pockets on
the opposite sides of the boiler, substantially as described and shewn.
3. The method of arranging tube plates of different sizes upon corresponding
seats or pockets, so that the two tube plates and the tubes may be removed together
from the boiler, substantially as described.
4. The plate 8 directed inward and down, substantially as and for the purpose
described and shewn.
Dated this 7th day of Novemhon 1001