Improvements in or relating to Electric Accumulators.
Year: 1899

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Electric Accumulators.
I, FRANCOIS MOUTERDE, of 34. Rue Ferrandiere, Lyons, Republic of France,
Manufacturer of Electrical Apparatus, do hereby declare the nature of this inven-
tion to be as follows:--
-
This invention relates to improvements in electric accumulators of the cylin-
drical type. described in Specification of Patent No. 3712 of the 18th February
1896.
These improvements consist
1. In the suppression of the case or recipient generally employed in accumu-
lators for containing the electrodes and the solution, this recipient being formed
in my present invention by one of the electrodes itself.
2. In the absolute water tightness of the element.
3. In perforating the negative cylinder with a number of holes in order that
the liquid can penetrate to the active matter on both faces of the cylinder.
4. In winding round the exterior of the negative electrode with one or more
surrounds of thin lead plate, perforated and corrugated for preventing the active
matter from falling, and for receiving outside a certain quantity of the active
matter.
5. In a new composition of the active matter from oxide of lead and powdered
pumice stone rendered conductive by silver.
In the annexed drawing Fig. shows a water-tight accumulator in section
having one pair of electrodes. Fig. 2a horizontal section on the line of
Fig. 1. Fig. 3 a vertical section of an accumulator with several electrodes.
Fig. 4, a partial horizontal section on the line ury: of Fig. 3. Figs. 5 and 6
an elevation and section of the jacket for the negative electrode before finally
finished. Fig. 7 and 8 an elevation and section of the jacket finished.
I dispense with the case of the accumulator in providing the larger cylindrical
electrode with a bottom. This electrode forms therefore a kind of cylindrical
jar in which the various electrodes and the electrolyte are placed.
In order to obtain a receptacle absolutely watertight I secure or solder to the
border of the cylindrical jar a lead cap. This cap is not soldered until after the
introduction of the other cylindrical electrodes, which are placed concentrically
in the largest one. The negative and positive electrodes are electrically connected
as is usual in the general construction of accumulators.
For this purpose the negative terminal is in the form of a tube, pierced with
holes at C: this tube is in the form of a neck which passes through the cap and
is isolated from the same by a rubber packing B. compressed by a screw nut E
which thus forms the joint. The tube is closed at its upper end by a metallie
stopper D and in such a manner as to be absolutely water tight. A positive
terminal is fastened to the exterior of the cylinder jar and the negative terminal
is constituted by the insulated neck which forms body with the negative electrode.
For facilitating the access of the electrolyte to the active material, the negative

page_text: cylinder is perforated with number of holes, in order that the liquid can flow to the
nctive coating both on the exterior and interior faces of the cylinder, which
augments the capacity of the electrode and its function.
The jacket of thin lead plate, perforated and corrugated L is produced by passing
a sheet of lead between the cylinder of a press or the like one of these cylinders
is provided with dies or teeth arranged alternately. The other cylinder is formed
of paper maché. In the passage of the plate the reliefs of the cylinder, press
into the lead which is pressed out into depressions of the other cylinder.
patterns on the cylinder produce a series of depressions in the plate which an
arranged alternately as in Figs. 5 and 7.
The
These depressions are transformed into openings, by planing down the parts in
relief on the back of the plate. The press leaves on each side of the lead plate
a plain band not perforated, the plate is fixed by the borders in the jaws of an
extending device and by extending the same, the lead plate is stretched and the
perforations are altered in shape forming a kind of network as in Figs. 7 and 8.
The active coating is composed of oxide of lead, litharage and minium which is
mised with a certain quantity of pumice stone in a finely divided sinte.
pumice stone is rendered conductive by the following process: the pumice stone
is mixed with a solution more or less concentrated of nitrate of silver ammoniated,
and one precipitates the silver by adding a reducing product such as, sugar of
milk, or other escence, the precipitation can be favoured by exposing the pro-
duct to the light.
The
The element being mounted and fitted with the liquid to N one proceeds to
charge the same, which when down, it is fitted completely and the stopper
inserted. in certain cases this stopper can be replaced by a suitable valve.
The accumulators are placed on the insulator. I.
The number of electrodes can be as desired and elements containing more than
one pair can be made water tight in a similar manner.
Dated 1st day of 1800
Agent to Applicant.
ILERBERT HADDAN & Co.
DISCOFIC Accumulators.
1, FRANÇOIS MOUTERDE, of 34, Rue Ferrandiere. Lyons, in the Republic of France,
Manufacturer of Electrical Apparatus, do hereby declare the nature of this inven
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement:—
This invention relates to improvements in electric accumulators of the cylin-
drical type described in Specification of Patent No. 3712 of 18th Feb. 1896
granted unto Mouterde. Chavant and George.
These improvements consist:
1. In the suppression of the case or recipient generally employed in accumu
lators for containing the electrodes and the solution, this recipient being formed
in my present invention by one of the electrodes itself.
2. In the absolute water-tightness of the element effected by soldering or using
a cover.
3. In perforating the negative cylinder with a number of holes in order that
the liquid can penetrate to the active matter on both faces of the cylinder.
4. In winding round the exterior of the negative electrode one or more sur-
rounding layers of thin lead plate, into the channels of which active matter is

page_text: placed and perforating and corrugating said layers for preventing the active matter
from falling and for receiving outside a certain quantity of the active matter.
5. In a new composition of the active matter from oxide of lead and powdered
pumice stone rendered conductive by coating same with silver which at the same
time does not destroy its porosity.
In the annexed drawing Fig. 1 shows a water-tight accumulator in section
having one pair of electrodes
Fig. 2 a horizontal section on the line of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 a vertical section of an accumulator with several electrodes.
Fig. 4 a plan and partial horizontal section on the line y of Fig. 3. Figs. 5
and 6 an elevation and section of the jacket for the negative electrode before
finally finished and Figs. 7 and 8 an elevation and section of the jacket finished.
I dispense with the case of the accumulator by providing the larger cylindrical
electrode with a bottom. This electrode forms therefore a kind of cylindrical
jar in which the various electrodes and the electrolyte are placed.
In order to obtain a receptacle absolutely water-tight I secure or solder to the
border of the cylindrical jar a lead cap. This cap is not soldered until after the
introduction of the other cylindrical electrodes, which are placed concentrically
in the largest one. The negative and positive electrodes are electrically connected
as is usual in the general construction of accumulators.
For this purpose the negative terminal is in the form of a tube. pierced with holes
at C. This tube is in the form of a neck which passes through the cap and is insu-
lated from the same by means of a rubber packing B compressed by a screw nut E
which thus forms the joint. The tube is closed at its upper end by a metallic
stopper D and in such a manner as to be absolutely water tight. A positive
terminal is fastened to the exterior of the cylinder jar and the negative terminal
is constituted by the insulated neck which forms body with the negative electrode.
For facilitating the access of the electrolyte to the active material the negative
cylinder is perforated with a number of holes, in order that the liquid can flow to
the active coating both on the exterior and interior faces of the cylinder, which
augments the capacity of the electrode and its function.
The jacket of thin sheet lead perforated and corrugated, is formed by passing
a sheet of lead between the cylinders of a press or the like. One of these
cylinders is formed of a number of steel discs toothed like cogwheels and fixed
by means of a screw nut upon an axle. The discs are so arranged that the teeth
are placed alternately. The other cylinder is formed of papier maché. The teeth
of the toothed cylinder make indentations in the papier naché cylinder, and in
the passage of the plate the reliefs of the toothed cylinder press into the lead
which is pressed out into the depressions of the other cylinder. The patterns on
the cylinder produce a series of depressions in the sheet of lead which are arranged
alternately as in Figs. 5 and 6.
These depressions are transformed into openings by planing down the parts in
relief on the back of the plate. The press leaves on each side of the lead plate
a plain band not perforated. The plane is fixed by its borders or edges in an
extending or stretching device and by extending the same the lead plate is
stretched and the perforations are altered in shape, forming a kind of network as
shown in Figs. 7 and 8.
The composition of the active matter is the same as in all accumulators, but
in order that the liquid electrolyte should penetrate the active matter better
powdered pumice stone is added, the said powdered pumice stone having been
rendered conductive by giving same a coating of silver.
To coat the powdered pumice stone with silver I dissolve in a litre of pure water
about 100 grammes of nitrate of silver. When the dissolution is perfect, I add
some drops of liquid ammonia, the purpose of which is to neutralize the nitrate
of silver and to facilitate the reduction of the silver to the metallic state. I then
put in this solution as much powdered pumice stone as the liquid is capable of
moistening and stir to well distribute the solution in all the pumice stone which

page_text: is then taken out and dried by exposing it to the sun. When it is dried
moisten
it again with a solution of formic aldehyde and citric acid (100 grammes of formic
aldehyde and 50 of citric acid) and again expose to the sun. By the combined
netion of the sunlight and the reduced bodies, aldehyde and citric acid, the silver
is reduced to the metallic state in the shape of small filaments which are easily
distinguished by the aid of a microscope. These filaments fixed and enclosed in
the pores of the pumice stone, render this matter conductive without destroying
its porosity. The silvering and consequently the conductivity of the pumice stone
will be the greater as more silver nitrate is employed for a determined quantity
of pumice stone.
To cover the electrode accumulators mix the oxide of lend (minium and
litharge) with about 8 per cent. of silvered pumice stone: this mixture is then
moistened with sulphuric acid water which I put in the grooves of the cylinders.
The pumice stone thus trented facilitates the charge and the discharge of the
accumulator.
The element being mounted and filled with liquid up to about the line N, the
charging of it is proceeded with, after which the opening is closed completely and
the screw stopper inserted; in certain cases the latter can be replaced "by a lever
valve or other suitable closing device.
The accumulators are placed upon the insulators I.
The negative electrode is perforated with small holes in order that the liquid
electrolyte should penetrate well into the active matter, because if the liquid only
washes against the exterior of the negative cylinder it only penetrates about 2/3
and the matter touching the wall does not receive any.
In order that the active matter of the negative electrode should not fall it is
surrounded by a corrugated jacket upon which active matter can also be placed.
This jacket forms so-to-say a sieve through which the liquid passes (Figs. 7
and S).
The number of electrodes can be as desired and elements containing more than
one pair can be made water-tight in a similar manner.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:
In electric accumulators:
1. A method of making accumulators in which the positive electrodes are pro-
vided with a bottom in order to dispense with the case.
2. A method of making the accumulator water-tight by soldering or otherwise
suitably attaching a cover to the cylindrical positive electrode which forms the
case.
3. Perforating the sides of the negative electrodes to permit the electrolyte to
penetrate to the active matter.
4. Winding round the exterior of the negative electrode one or more surround-
ing layers of this perforated and corrugated lend plate into the channels of which
active matter is placed and which prevents the active matter of the negative elec.
trode from falling.
5. A process for rendering pumice stone mixed with oxides of lead conductive,
for the purpose of covering the electrodes of accumulators therewith, the pumice
stone being given a coating of silver and thus rendered conductive without losing
its porosity.
TALL
HERBERT HADDAN & Co.,
Agents to Applicant,, IS, Buckingham Street, Strand, W.C., London.