An Improved Method of Submarine Blasting.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application,, 16th Apr., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 15th Jan., 1891-Accepted, 21st Feb., 1891.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Method of Submarine Blasting.
I THEODOR PUSKAS Manufacturer of Budapest in the Empire of Austria-
Hungary do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:
With blasting underneath water the boring of the shafts is accompanied by
extraordinary difficulties as well as with considerable loss of time and great
expense whilst the effect of blasting performed without the boring of shafts is but
very slight because the force of explosion is expended in all directions.
The object of this invention is to obtain the utmost effect of blasting by the
simple placing of the blasting cartridge on the object to be blasted without the
boring of a shaft and directing the main part of the blasting action downwards
that is to say towards the object to be removed.
The principle of this invention is that at the moment when the blasting. cartridge
proper placed upon the object to be blasted explodes, a pressure has been developed
already from above, which directs the action of the blasting cartridge proper
downward, that is towards the object to be burst.
This object is attained as follows. Suitably to the conditions of the locality, the
cartridge is lowered upon the object to be burst by means of a windlass on the
shore or on a suitable boat, said cartridge being enclosed in or suspended below a
shell of dome, semi-dome, conical or disc shape open below being, prevented from
falling out by means of a wire or wires. The object of the shell is to receive
the pressure (which is mentioned hereinafter) coming from above and to transfer
the same upon the cartridge placed against the object to be burst.
For this object the shell should be made of a substantially massive and suitable
strong material (preferably of massive steel or iron) and in case the shell is of a
dome, semi-dome or conical shape the same is further strengthened by horizontal or
upwardly bent flanges or rings so that the same may better resist the action of the
upward pressure. The shell has a central opening at the upper part the interior of
which opening is provided with a broad screw worm and into this opening is inserted
the tube of the fuse with the fuse in the latter. After the fuse has been inserted
into the tube (into which have been introduced already the wires receiving the
electric current) a cover or cap is screwed upon the tube, the upper plate of which
cover is provided with two perforations so that the two conducting wires may be
inserted therein. These two wires upon leaving the shell cover are properly
insulated by a cable and conducted to the locality for operating the explosion.
The shell itself is in connection with a pre-exploding cartridge by means of a line,
the former being located above the shell at a certain calculated distance. The line
then continues upwards from this upper cartridge and is attached to the lowering
windlass.
In the same direction as the lowering line run the electric wires conducting the
current from the operating locality to the upper cartridge said wires being insulated
by cable. Both the firing wires are connected with the same apparatus at the
operating locality by which apparatus said wires receive the electric currents
independently at suitable moments communicating said currents independently
from each other to the respective cartridges for the purpose of explosion.
As regards the said apparatus it should be arranged that the upper cartridge is
fired first so that the effect of its explosion is developed when the lower or main
cartridge-explodes.
With the above described process the explosion of the first cartridge in every
direction gives a strong pressure downward.
The shell or disc covering the main blasting cartridge is exposed to the effect

page_text: of this pressure just at the instant when the main cartridge explodes so that in
consequence of the combined development of pressure the force of the explosion
of the main cartridge upwards is limited by the action of the explosion of the
upper cartridge and so directs the greater part of its action downward onto
the object to be blasted so that the effect is increased in a considerable measure.
The force of the first or upper cartridge, its distance from the lower or main
cartridge and the strength of the shell covering the latter should be calculated so
that the shell.is.not destroyed by the explosion of the upper cartridge.
Dated this '16th day of April 1890.
HERBERT & Co.,
Agents to Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Method of Submarine Blasting.
I, THEODOR PUSKÁS, of Budapest, in the Empire of Austria, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
With blasting underneath water the boring of the shafts is accompanied by
extraordinary difficulties, as well as with considerable loss of time and great
expense, whilst the effect of blasting performed without the boring of shafts is but
very slight, because the force of explosion is expended in all directions.
The object of this invention is to obtain the utmost effect of blasting by the
simple placing of the blasting-cartridge on the object to be blasted, without the
boring of a shaft, and directing the main part of the blasting action downwards,
that is to say towards the object to be removed.
The principle of this invention is, that at the moment when the blasting-cartridge
proper placed upon the object to be blasted explodes, a pressure has been developed
already from above, which directs the action of the blasting cartridge proper,
downward, i.e. towards the object to be destroyed.
This object is attained as follows reference being made to the annexed drawing
which shows the apparatus in Fig. 1 in vertical section, Fig. 2 being an enlarged
view of a. part.
Suitably to the conditions of the locality the cartridge A is lowered upon the
object to be destroyed by means of a windlass at the shore or on a suitable boat,
said cartridge being enclosed in or suspended below a shell B of dome, semi-dome,
conical or disc shape open below, being prevented from falling out by means of a
wire or wires. The object of the shell B is to receive the pressure (which is
mentioned hereinafter) coming from above and to transfer the same upon the
cartridge A placed against the object to be destroyed.
For this object the shell B should be made of a substantially massive and
suitably strong material (preferably of massive steel or iron) and in case the shell
is of a dome, semi-dome, or conical shape the same is further strengthened by
horizontal or upwardly bent flanges or rings C, so that the same may better resist
the action of the upward pressure. The shell has a central opening at the upper
part, the interior of which opening is provided with a broad screw-worm, and into
this opening is inserted the tube D of the fuse with the fuse E in the latter..
After the fuse has been inserted into the tube (into which have been introduced
already the wires F receiving the electric current) a cover or cap D' is screwed
upon the tube, the upper plate of which cover is provided with two perforations, so
that the two conducting wires may be inserted therein.
These two wires upon leaving the shell-cover are properly insulated by a cable
and conducted to the locality for operating the explosion.
According to this invention the shell itself is in connection with a pre-exploding-
cartridge H by means of a line G, the former being located above the shell at a

page_text: properly calculated distance. The line then continues upward from this upper
cartridge H and is attached to the lowering windlass.
In the same direction as the lowering line G run the electric wires J conducting.
the current from the operating locality to the upper cartridge H, said wires being
insulated by cable.
Both the firing wires F and J are connected with the same apparatus at the
operating locality, by which apparatus said wires receive the electric currents
independently at suitable moments communicating said currents independently from
each other to the respective cartridges for the purpose of explosion.
As regards the said apparatus, a switch, which may be constructed in any
suitable manner, should be arranged that the upper cartridge H is fired first, so
that the effect of its explosion is developed, when the lower or main cartridge A
explodes.
With the above described process the explosion of the first cartridge in every
direction gives a strong pressure downward.
The shell or disc B covering the main blasting-cartridge is exposed to the effect
of this pressure just at the instant, when the main cartridge A explodes so that in
consequence of the combined development of pressure the force of the explosion of
the main cartridge A upwards is limited by the action of the explosion of the upper
cartridge H, and so directs the greater part of its action downward onto the object
to be blasted so that the effect is increased in a considerable measure.
The force of the first or upper cartridge H, its distance from the lower or main
cartridge A and the strength of the shell B covering the latter should be calculated
so that the shell B is not destroyed by the explosion of the upper cartridge.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
The improved method of submarine blasting consisting in combining with the
blasting-cartridge A. lowered upon the object to be destroyed, an upper or auxiliary
cartridge H which by previous or simultaneous explosion exercises a pressure upon
the shell or disc B located over the blasting-cartridge A, at that moment when the
latter is exploded whereby the downward action of the blasting-cartridge A is
increased, substantially as set forth.
T
1001
ՍԱՇԱ UITIS
HERBERT & Co.,
18, Buckingham Street, Strand, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.