IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL STONE FOR BUILDING AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1873

page_text: LEITERS PATENT to Alexander Melville Clark, of 53, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL STONE FOR BUILDING AND
OTHER PURPOSES." -A communication from abroad by Louis Laurette,
of Paris, France.
Sealed the 15th July 1573, and dated the 30th January 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alexander Melville
Clark at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 30th January 1873.
I, ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL
STONE FOR BUILDING AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
•
-
This Invention relates to the application of furnace slag for the
manufacture of blocks for building purposes, tiles, and other building
materials.

page_text: The following is the mode of manufacture :-The raw material, con-
sisting of slag from blast furnaces, after having been reduced to the
condition of coarse sand is then further reduced to a fine powder by
crushing, or it may be sifted one or more times to separate the finer
particles. The product thus obtained is then agglomerated with varying
proportions of hydraulic or other lime, cement, plaster, or any other
binding material, according to the desired degree of hardness or im-
permeability of the blocks. The mixture of the above materials may be
effected in any ordinary mortar, mixing machine, or by hand.
The agglomerating materials are employed in the form of a dry |
powder, the pulverized slag being rendered sufficiently moist to adhere
when compressed in the hand. When the materials have become
intimately mixed the product is placed in moulds and subjected to
considerable pressure to form it into blocks of artificial stone, which
after some weeks acquire a very considerable degree of hardness.
The blocks may be made of any form desired, and may be sawn, cut,
turned, and carved, similarly to the stone now used in building. The
blocks may also be colored to imitate different kinds of stone either by
introducing coloring matters in powder into the mixer above-mentioned,
or by adding said matters in a liquid condition, which become absorbed :
by the pulverized slag, and at same time impart the desired moisture
thereto. I may also by a suitable distribution of different coloring
matters in the same block produce a marbled and veined effect in
imitation of natural stone.
By sifting or pulverizing the particles of slag according to these
improvements blocks of artificial stone having a fine grain may be
produced, which may be used for mouldings equally well with the
softest natural stone, and being perfectly homogeneous it will serve for
forming balustrades and columns which have all the appearance of hewn
stone.
I. do not confine myself to the materials before enumerated as
forming the binding substances, as any other known binding materials
may be used for the purpose, and I also make fire-bricks from furnace
slag, reduced as above-mentioned, in combination with argilaccous
materials, the bricks being moulded, and afterwards burnt or hardened.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters l'atent,
filed by the said Alexander Melville Clark in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 23rd July 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALEXANDER
MELVILLE CLARK, of 53. Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirtieth day of January, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the
thirty-sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Alexauder Melville Clark, Her special
licence that I, the said Alexander Melville Clark, ny executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Alexander
Melville Clark, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL STONE FOR BUIlding and
OTHER PURPOSES," a communication to me from abroad by Louis Laurette,
of Paris, France. upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Alexander Melville Clark, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly. describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alexander Melville Clark, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to the application of furnace slag for the
manufacture of blocks for building purposes, tiles, and other building
materials.
The following is the mode of manufacture:-The raw material, con-
sisting of slag from blast furnaces, after having been reduced to the

page_text: condition of coarse sand is then further reduced to a fine powder by
crushing, or it may be sifted one or more times to separate the finer
particles. The product thus obtained is then agglomerated with varying
proportions of hydraulic or other lime. cement, plaster, or any other
binding material, according to the degree of hardness or impermeability
to water it is desired the blocks should possess. The mixture of the
above materials may be effected in any ordinary mortar mixing machine
or by hand.
The binding materials are employed in the form of dry powder, and
the pulverized slag in a moist condition, for which purpose the latter is
moistened to just such an extent that when compressed in the hand it
will adhere together without the admixture of any other material. When
the materials have become intimately mixed, the product is placed in
moulds and subjected to considerable pressure to form it into blocks of
artificial stone, which after standing some weeks acquire a very con-
siderable degree of hardness.
The blocks may be made of any form desired, and may be sawn, cut,
turned, and carved in the same way as the stone now used for building.
The blocks may also be colored to imitate different kinds of stone, either
by introducing coloring matters in powder into the mixer above-
mentioned, or by adding said matters in a liquid condition to the
pulverized sing to color it, and at same time impart the desired
moisture thereto. I may also by a suitable distribution of different
coloring matters in the same block produce a marbled and veined effect
in imitation of real stones.
By the use of the finely reduced slag obtained by sifting or pul.
verizing, blocks of artificial stone having a very fine grain may be
produced, which may be used for mouldings equally well with the
softest natural stone, and being perfectly homogeneous it will serve for
forming balustrades and columns which have all the appearance of
hown stone.
I do not confiue myself to the use of the materials before enumerated
as binding substances, as any other known binding materials may be
used for the purpose. I also reserve the right of coloring the artificial
stone produced, as described, with any known coloring matters, and 1
may also with the same object render available the reaction of chemical
products introduced either into the pulverized slag or agglomerating

page_text: materials. Fire-bricks may also be made in a similar manner of slag in
combination with hydraulic lines, cements, fat limes, plaster and clay,
or argilaceous materials.
Having described the nature of the Invention and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, 1 declare that what I claim as the
Invention to be protected by the herein-before in part recited Letters
Patent is, the employment for the manufacture of building blocks,
tiles, and building materials generally, and also fire-bricks of pulverized
blast furnace slag, substantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alexander Melville Clark, have
hereunto set my hand and scal, this Twenty-third day of July,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
three.
A. M. CLARK. (L.s.)

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alexander Melville Clark, of 53, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL STONE FOR BUILDING AND
OTHER PURPOSES.”—A communication from abroad by Louis Laurette,
of Paris, France.
Scaled the 15th July 1873, and dated the 30th January 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alexander Melville
Clark at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 30th January 1878.
I, ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL
STONE FOR BUILDING AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
-
This Invention relates to the application of furnace slag for the
manufacture of blocks for building purposes, tiles, and other building
materials.

page_text: :
The following is the mode of manufacturo:―The raw material, con-
sisting of slag from blast furnaces, after having been reduced to the
condition of coarse sand is then further reduced to a fine powdor by
crushing, or it may be sifted one or more times to separate the finer
particles. The product thus obtained is then agglomerated with varying
proportions of hydraulic or other lime, cement, plaster, or any other
binding material, according to the desired degree of hardness or im-
permeability of the blocks. The mixture of the above materials may be
effected in any ordinary mortar, mixing machine, or by hand.
The agglomerating materials are employed in the form of a dry
powder, the pulverized slag being rendered sufficiently moist to adhere
when compressed in the hand. When the materials have becomo
intimately mixed the product is placed in moulds and subjected to
considerable pressure to form it into blocks of artificial stono, which
after some weeks acquire a very considerable degree of hardness.
The blocks may be made of any form desired, and may be sawn, cut,
turned, and carved, similarly to the stone now used in building. The
blocks may also be colored to imitate different kinds of stone either by
introducing coloring matters in powder into the mixer above-mentioned,
or by adding said matters in a liquid condition, which become absorbed
by the pulverized slag, and at same time impart the desired moisturo
thereto. I may also by a suitable distribution of different coloring
matters in the same block produce a marbled and veined effect in
imitation of natural stone.
By sifting or pulverizing the particles of slag according to these
improvements blocks of artificial stone having a fino grain may bo
produced, which may be used for mouldings equally well with the
softest natural stone, and being perfectly homogeneous it will serve for
forming balustrades and columns which have all the appearance of hewn
stonc.
I do not confino myself to the materials before enumerated as
forming the binding substances, as any other known binding materials
may be used for the purpose, and I also make firo-bricks from furnace
slag, reduced as above-mentioned, in combination with argilaccous
materials, the bricks being moulded, and afterwards burnt or hardened.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Alexander Melville Clark in the Great Seal Patcnt
Office on the 23rd July 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALEXANDER
MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent, scud greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirtieth day of January, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-three, in the
thirty-sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Alexander Melville Clark, Her special
licence that I, the said Alexander Melville Clark, my executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Alexander
Melville Clark, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL STONE FOR BUILDING AND
OTHER PURPOSES," a communication to me from abroad by Louis Laurette,
of Paris, France, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Alexander Melville Clark, my exccutors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Scal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alexander Melville Clark, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to the application of furnace slag for the
manufacture of blocks for building purposes, tiles, and other building
materials.
The following is the mode of manufacture:-The raw material, con-
sisting of slag from blast furnaces, after having been reduced to the

page_text: condition of coarse sand is then further reduced to a fine powder by
crushing, or it may be sifted one or more times to separate the finer
particles. The product thus obtained is then agglomerated with varying
proportions of hydraulic or other lime, cement, plaster, or any other
binding material, according to the degree of hardness or impermeability
to water it is desired the blocks should possess. The mixture of the
above materials may be effected in any ordinary mortar mixing machino
or by hand.
The binding materials are employed in the form of dry powder, and
the pulverized slag in a moist condition, for which purpose the latter is
moistened to just such an extent that when compressed in the hand it
will adhere together without the admixture of any other material. When
the materials have become intimately mixed, the product is placed in
moulds and subjected to considerable pressure to form it into blocks of
artificial stone, which after standing some weeks acquire a very con-
siderable degree of hardness.
The blocks may be made of any form desired, and may be sawn, cut,
turned, and carved in the same way as the stone now used for building.
The blocks may also be colored to imitate different kinds of stone, cither
by introducing coloring matters in powder into the mixer above-
mentioned, or by adding said matters in a liquid condition to tho
pulverized slag to color it, and at same time impart the desired
moisture thereto. I may also by a suitablo distribution of different
coloring matters in the same block produce a marbled and veined effect
in imitation of real stones.
By the use of the finely reduced slag obtained by sifting or pul-
verizing, blocks of artificial stone having a very fino grain may be
produced, which may be used for mouldings equally well with the
softest natural stone, and being perfectly homogeneous it will serve for
forming balustrades and columns which have all the appearance of
hewn stone.
I do not confine myself to the use of the materials before enumerated
as binding substances, as any other known binding materials may be
used for the purpose. I also reserve the right of coloring the artificial
stone produced, as described, with any known coloring matters, and I
may also with the same object render available the reaction of chemical
products introduced cither into the pulverized slag or agglomerating

page_text: materials. Fire-bricks may also be made in a similar manner of slag in
combination with hydraulic limes, cements, fat limes, plaster and clay,
or argilaccous materials.
Having described the nature of the Invention and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim as the
Invention to be protected by the hercin-before in part recited Letters
Patent is, the employment for the manufacture of building blocks,
tiles, and building materials generally, and also fire-bricks of pulverized
blast furnace slag, substantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alexander Melville Clark, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-third day of July,
in the year of our Lord One thousand cight hundred and seventy-
throo