Improvements in Kilns.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 16th Dec., 1896-Accepted, 23rd Jan., 1897
Improvements in Kilns.
We, HEINRICH KOLSHORN, of Taps, in the Russian Empire, Engineer, and
GUSTAV STRECKER, of Novorossiisk, in the Russian Empire, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention relates to improvements in continuous kilas for burning cement,
lime, magnesite, dolomite, and similar materials by means of naphtha, coal dust
or gas.
In the accompanying drawings,-
Figure 1 is a vertical section of a kiln constructed according to our invention:
Figure 2 is a similar section at right angles to the section shewn in Figure 1:
The kiln consists of the chamber or shaft e for the preliminary heating of the
material to be burned with the draught space or chamber g, of the chamber or
shaft a, for the burning of the charge with the lateral combustion spaces k, and of
the cooling chamber or shaft 1.
The chief feature of the kiln is the narrow burning chamber built in the cooling
chamber whereby large combustion spaces or chambers k, k are obtained for
the free combustion of the powdered combustible which is fed through the
passages c, c and the flames from which heat the brickwork of the chamber a
and come in contact with the material loosely discharged or thrown out from the
said chamber.
The flames, developed freely in the chambers k, k, penetrate the loosely piled up
material and pass into the chamber a and then into the wide draught chamber g
arranged axially above the said chamber. The walls of the chamber a may also be
formed with perforations, through which a portion of the freely formed flames can
pass into the said chamber, this being necessary when the charge under treatment
is in small pieces.
The arrangement whereby the material is discharged in a conical heap underneath
the conical chamber a enables the thin flames to act upon the material (whereby the
lining of the kiln is not so largely drawn upon). The flames which are freely
formed can, however, pass with only the slightest possible hindrance into the
chamber a and rise upwards because the material which is discharged from the
latter lies very loosely and the wide space g offers no resistance to the passage of
the flames.
The material is prevented from adhering to the walls of the chamber a not only
by the high temperature to which the said walls are subjected but also (and chiefly)
from the conical form of the walls of the chamber which widens downwardly and
from the constant movement of the material caused by the continual withdrawal of
clinker from the bottom of the kiln.
The space or chamber g which is formed axially above the chamber a, is built
in the preliminary heating chamber and provided with a fire aperture h, acts not
only as a draught producer which draws the gases of combustion evenly and
vertically through the chamber a but also serves for emptying the said chamber a
of the material it contains. The openings formed in the chamber g further-
more enable the gases of combustion to pass more easily to the preliminary heating
chamber a.

page_text: The space g is especially advantageous for the formation of openings 6 serving
as windows for the observation of the material passing through the chamber a and
also for enabling the said material, should it become blocked during the working
of the kiln, to be eased by means of a rod or bar.
The operation of the kiln is as follows:-
r
After the chamber and the chamber a have been filled with combustible and
with material to be burned in layers in the manner usual with such kilns the
combustible is ignited from below." When the combustion reaches the chamber a
fluid, liquid, gaseous or powdered combustible is blown through the openings c
which give access to the chamber k and the material to be treated is fed through
the openings which are normally kept closed. By continuously and slowly with-
drawing burnt material through the lower openings the contents of the kiln are
kept in continual movement. The material, as it cools, gives its heat to the
brickwork of the cooling chamber or shaft e iu which passages i and o are arranged
through which the greater part of the air necessary for the combustion flows and
is highly heated. The said air rises in the passage and passes through openings s
into the chamber k where it is drawn in with the combustible and is employed
in the combustion. The flame produced by. the employment of highly heated
air does not come into contact with the kiln lining but with the loosely piled up
material to be burnt upon which it is broken up and divided after which it
risés into the chamber a. It is then drawn through the chamber g through the
openings into the preliminary heating chamber e where it escapes into the chimney.
The burning process can be observed through the windows t and r. The opening b
in the chamber g furthermore enables the chamber a to be cleared or raked out
when required.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. A continuous kiln wherein gas formed by the combustion of naphtha or
other suitable gas or coal dust is drawn between a vertical burning chamber or
shaft and a cooling shaft arranged axially one under the other and through the
loosely heaped up charge in the kiln, substantially as described.
2. In a kiln of the kind described in Claim 1 the arrangement whereby the
walls of the burning chamber (which may be provided with passages) are subjected
to the direct action of the heat of the gases of combustion, substantially as
described.
3. In a kiln of the kind described in Claims 1 and 2, the arrangement of a space
or chamber g having perforations in the preliminary heating chamber e axially
above the narrowed chamber a, the said chamberg serving to discharge the material
from the chamber a, to produce a vertical evenly divided and forced draught of
gases of combustion through the said chamber a and also as a means for easily
withdrawing the gases from the preliminary heating chamber through the
apertures h, substantially as described.
4. The combination with the arrangement described in Claims 1, 2 and 3 of
openings built in the. draught chamber for observation and if necessary for
loosening the material contained in the chamber a and in the preliminary heating
chamber, substantially as described.
1000
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicants.