IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DRAWING OR ROLLING RODS OR BARS INTO STRAIGHT OR CONICAL FORMS FOR SHAFTING, AXLES, SPINDLES, AND ANALOGOUS PURPOSES
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Thomas Hughes, of the Firm of Hughes
and Son, Patent Agents, 123, Chancery Lane, London, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DRAWING OR ROLLING
RODS OR BARS INTO STRAIGHT OR CONICAL FORMS FOR SHAFTING, AXLES,
SPINDLES, AND ANALOGOUS PURPOSES."-A communication from abroad
by Henry Kellogg, of Milford, in the County of New Haven, and
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Thomas Hughes
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 22nd December 1871.
I, EDWARD THOMAS HUGHES, of the Firm of Hughes and Son, Patent
5 Agents, 123, Chancery Lane, London, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DRAWING OR
ROLLING RODS OR BARS INTO STRAIGHT OR CONICAL FORMS FOR SHAFTING, AXLES,
SPINDLES, AND ANALOGOUS PURPOSES," a communication to me from abroad
A

page_text: connection to the pinions D, D', here shown to be at right angles and in
the same plane with the shafts of the discs. The shaft E¹ of the driving
wheel E is arranged in bearings F, and caused to revolve by the appli-
cation of power thereto in any convenient manner. The bearings of the
two shafts B, B', are arranged respectively on tables G, G', pivoted upon
a common centre a, the said centre being directly under the discs, as
seen in Fig. 2. To these tables a reciprocating movement is imparted by
a toggle d, d, (see Fig. 1,) actuated by a cam H caused to revolve slowly
by a worm or endless screw on the shaft E', working into a gear I on the
shaft L on which the cam H is arranged, so that by the turning of the
said cam the toggles are thrown out or drawn back, causing the tables
G, G', to which the toggles are connected) to turn, carrying with them
the shafts B, B', as denoted in broken lines Fig. 1. This movement of
the tables causes the outer edge of the discs A, A', to gradually close
together. When the shafts B, B, are in line with each other then the
discs are open to their full capacity. The rod to be drawn is then
introduced centrally between the two discs and in the same plane, the
discs revolving and the rod gradually withdrawn will by revolving the
discs in opposite directions be gradually worked from its original
diameter down to a diameter corresponding to the distance between the
discs at the time the rod leaves; therefore the length of taper from the
largest to the smallest diameter depends upon the velocity with which
the rod is drawn from the discs. To thus present the rod I arrange a
hollow mandril N in bearings n, n, the said bearings being set upon a
slide M, as seen in Fig. 2, and through this mandril the rod m to be
drawn is placed. While the two shafts B, B', are in line with each
other the slide is thrown up to carry the rod between the discs, as
denoted in broken lines Fig. 2, and the slide put in connection with
a shaft P connected to the slide by a screw S, and the said shaft P caused
to revolve forces the slide back to draw the rod from between the discs,
and the velocity with which the slide thus moves is dependent upon the
velocity of the shaft P, which by suitable gearing may be adjusted to
any extent. As a support for the rod while between the discs I arrange
a pair of vibrating jaws t, t, and on the mandril a cam or former T, the
taper of the said former corresponding to the taper to be given to the
rod. The outer arm of the jaws t rests upon the said former, and when
the mandril is forced forward to carry the dies into the discs the jaws
are opened by running down the incline of the former T, and gradually
close upon the rod as it is drawn out, thus supporting the rod while the

page_text: discs are operating. For convenience I arrange the bearings n so as to
be turned around at right angles, as denoted in broken lines Fig. 1, for
introduction of the rod or examination of the work.
The second part of this Invention relates to mechanism for rolling and
straightening tapering work, such as axles, spindles, and other articles
which are required to be of tapering form and a gradually diminishing
diameter, and it consists in the arrangement of two or more rolls or
cylinders which by an automatic mechanism are gradually closed.
together, so that a bar or rod placed between the two rolls to be by
them acted upon and gradually drawn from the rolls will be diminished
in diameter accordingly as the rolls are closed.
This part of the Invention is illustrated in Figs. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8.
Three rolls or cylinders A, B, C, (by preference I use this number) are
arranged in a suitable framework D for their support, and made to revolve
by the application of power thereto in any convenient manner, and should
be geared together so as to revolve with the same velocity. Two of these
rolls are made adjustable by set screws b, the other or upper roll sup-
ported in bearings E which are held up by springs E' which are held up by
springs E¹ or other suitable device, and above this roll is arranged a
shaft F, see Fig. 3, upon which a cam f is arranged over each bearing.
This shaft is made to revolve slowly through a worm gear F¹ working into
a toothed wheel F3 on the said shaft, power being communicated to the said
worm gear by connection to other parts of the machinery. This revolution
of the shaft and cams thereon gradually depresses the upper roll nearer to
the others, hence when open to the greatest extent (the metal to be acted
upon being placed between the rolls and gradually drawn therefrom) the
rolls revolving and gradually approaching each other will work the
metal into a gradual taper form, as seen in Figs. 3 and 7. To support
and thus gradually draw the rod being wrought from the rolls, I arrange
a carriage or holder H in suitable guides H' in connection with a
leading screw H³, actuated by connection of the gearing of the machine
so as to be automatic in its movement. On the carriage H I arrange a
mandril I so as to revolve freely, and in this mandril the bar G to be
rolled is securely fixed; the carriage carried forward to the rolls inserts
the bar, then put in connection with the leading screw H² gradually
withdraws the bar. For convenience I arrange the carriage H so as to
be turned away from the work, as denoted in broken lines, Fig. 7. An
automatic device for starting the feed of the carriage is produced by a

page_text: cam L on the shaft F, which at the end of each revolution raises a
lever L' which is in connection with a rod L³. This occurs when the
rolls are open to their fullest extent. As the carriage is thrown forward
a latch h projecting therefrom passes beneath the rod L2, then the lever L'
falling from the cam forces the end of the latch h down into a groove n
(see Figs. 4 and 6) on the guide. The latch thus pressed down is forced
into connection with the screw H³, as seen in Fig. 6, and will so remain
until the article is withdrawn (which is at the end of each revolution of
the shaft F); then the latch arrives at an opening m (see Figs. 6 and 7),
which allows it to rise and be cleared from the screw.
While smooth cylinders or rolls may be used to advantage another
form of surface is found still more advantageous, that is, to make the
surface noduled or botryoidal, as denoted in Fig. 5, and as shown in
diagram, Fig. 8, which illustrates a portion of the surface of one of the
rolls. These irregularities in the surface revolving rapidly as the rolls
must, act like hammers as it were, giving a rapid succession of blows to
the article which is revolving between them, and these projections are in
such position relatively to each other that one point does not successively
receive more than a single blow, consequently this hammering finishes
the surface perfectly smooth, and performs the drawing operation with
greater rapidity and less power than could be done with smooth rolls. It
will be understood that for different diameters of articles the rolls must
be adjusted accordingly, as also the degree of taper, an adjustment
which competent mechanics will readily understand without further
explanation.
The third part of this Invention relates to an arrangement of rolls and
mechanism for feeding for the purpose of rolling or rolling and straight-
ening longer rods, such as shafting and for like purposes, and consists in
the arrangement of rolls combined with a peculiar mechanism for
feeding; and also the construction of rolls for the purpose of straight-
ening. This part of the Invention is illustrated in Figs. 9, 10, 11, and 12.
A, B, C, represent the three rolls arranged in a frame D and coupled
together by a chain of gears E and to the driving shaft F, on which are
arranged pulleys F¹, through which power is communicated to cause the
rolls to revolve simultaneously. The ends of the rolls are slightly
chamferred, as denoted in Figs. 9 and 10, and are made adjustable by
set screws G so as to be set in the relation to each other required for the
diameter of the shafting when finished. The shaft upon which the rolls

page_text: are respectively arranged extends through and to other bearings H to
support the extended shaft. These shafts are threaded to form screws I,
and on the screws at each end are arranged head blocks L, which are
bored out so as to slide freely over the screws. On each head block is
arranged a lever L', fitted as seen in Fig. 12, to be swung around and
engage with all the screws, as denoted in broken lines, Fig. 12. When
thus engaged the head blocks will move with the screws; disengaged
the screws have no effect upon the head blocks.
The fourth part of this Invention relates to a device applicable to the
same class of work as that last described, and is also adapted to work of
less diameter; that last described being limited (as nothing of less
diameter can be rolled than will allow of the rolls moving without actual
contact with each other); and it consists in the arrangement of a pair of
reciprocating plates or faces which receiving the rod to be rolled between
their surfaces and gradually drawn together as the rod passes through
(the rod moving in a line transverse to the movement of the plates) rolls
the rod between the surfaces, diminishing its diameter as the plates are
brought toward each other. This part of the Invention is illustrated in
Figs. 13, 14, 15, and 16. A is one plate and B the other hung in suitable
guides and held in position, here represented as supported in carriages A¹,
B', and a reciprocating movement is given to these from the driving
shaft C through connecting rods A³, B*.
To avoid the friction which would otherwise occur in the bearings in
which the plates work I arrange in their rear friction rolls a, and these
are retained in position to work with the plates by means of a fixed
rack d on the carriage, and a rack d' on the plates, and pinions i on the
ends of the rolls a, as seen in Fig. 15. Upon these rolls the bearings
come entirely so that little or no friction is produced by the plates.
To adjust the plates so as to approach each other I arrange a toggle D
in the rear of each carriage, which is operated by a nut wheel F arranged a
upon a shaft I to which the toggle is attached, so that by the turning of
the said wheels F the shaft I will be raised to operate the toggles accord-
ingly as the wheels are turned to the right or left. Motion is given to
these wheels by worm gears on a shaft L, and this shaft is caused to
revolve in the required direction by connecting the clutch C¹ with either
one of the two pulleys or their equivalents C², C³, as denoted in Fig. 13;
hence, while the plates are vibrating they gradually approach each other
to the extent allowed by the toggle or by its adjustment.

page_text: To automatically support and draw the rod through between the plates
I arrange a transverse carriage H on guides H. This carriage is con-
structed with a mandril h which revolves in the carriage and fitted to
hold the rod, as denoted in Fig. 16. A movement to and from the
rolling plates is imparted to this carriage by a leading screw S, to which
a slow revolution is given through the ratchet R on a shaft T. These
ratchets are here represented as operated by eccentrics T¹, T³, on the
shaft C, but may be otherwise actuated; or the screw may be connected
with other mechanism for its operation.
To roll small diameters tapering I arrange the plates as seen in Figs. 17
and 18, each upon an arm 2, which arms extend back and are hung at 3
upon a common centre, so that working upon that centre they will move
up and down, their surfaces radiating from a centre 4. Conical friction
rolls 5 are placed behind these plates, and the bearing plates 6 (against
which the friction rolls 5 operate) are also arranged to swing to the
right and left upon the same centre 4, the friction rolls radiating from
the same centre.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Edward Thomas Hughes in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 22nd June 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWARD
THOMAS HUGHES, of the Firm of Hughes and Son, Patent Agents, 123,
Chancery Lane, London, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of December, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the
thirty-fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Edward Thomas Hughes, Her special
licence that I, the said Edward Thomas Hughes, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Edward Thomas
Hughes, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for

page_text: "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DRAWING OR ROLLING RODS OR BARS INTO
STRAIGHT OR CONICAL FORMS FOR SHAFTING, AXLES, SPINDLES, AND ANALOGOUS
PURPOSES," a communication to me from abroad by Henry Kellogg, of
Milford, in the County of New Haven, and State of Connecticut,
United States of America, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said Edward Thomas Hughes, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said In-
vention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edward Thomas Hughes, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, reference being had to the accom-
panying three Sheets of Drawings, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to machinery for drawing or rolling rods or
bars into straight or conical forms for shafting, axles, spindles, and
analogous purposes.
The first part of the Invention consists in the arrangement of a pair
of discs to receive the rod or bar to be rolled between the faces of the
two, and revolving in opposite directions combined with mechanism for
gradually closing the discs while the rod operated upon is withdrawn;
the rod and mechanism for withdrawing the rod so arranged that a taper
form proportionate to the velocity with which it is withdrawn and the
discs are closed may be given.
In the Drawings Fig. 1 represents a top view, and Fig. 2 a central
section on line x, x, of the first part of this Invention.
Fig. 3, a side view;
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4, a sectional end view;
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5, a transverse section; and
Figs. 6 & 7, detached views illustrating the second part of this Invention.
Fig. 8, a diagram illustrating the formation of the rolling surfaces;
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9, a side view;
10, a top view; and
Figs. 11 and 12, transverse sections, illustrate the third part of this
Invention.

page_text: "
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15, a longitudinal section; and
16, a transverse section, illustrates the fourth part of this
Invention.
Figs. 17 and 18 are sectional views, and illustrate a modification of
the fourth part of this Invention.
A, A, are the two discs arranged respectively on shafts B, B¹, the axis
of each being in line with the other, and arranged in suitable bear-
ings C, C¹, and to both a rotary movement is given, one in an opposite
direction to the other by means of bevilled pinions D, D¹, through
driving gear E, which may be arranged in any convenient direction for
connection to the pinions D, D³, here shown to be at right angles, and
in the same plane with the shafts of the discs. The shaft E¹ of the
driving wheel E is arranged in bearings F, and caused to revolve by the
application of power thereto in any convenient manner. The bearings
of the two shafts B, B', are arranged respectively on tables G, G³, pivoted
upon a common centre a, the said centre being directly under the discs,
as seen in Fig. 2. To these tables a reciprocating movement is imparted
by a toggle d, d, (see Fig. 1) actuated by a cam H, caused to revolve
slowly by a worm or endless screw on the shaft E' working into a gear I
on the shaft L, on which the cam H is arranged, so that by the turning
of the said cam the toggles are thrown out or are drawn back, causing
the tables G, G', to which the toggles are connected to turn, carrying
with them the shafts B, B', as denoted in broken lines, Fig. 1. This
movement of the tables causes the outer edge of the discs A, A', to
gradually close together. When the shafts B, B, are in line with each
other then the discs are open to their full capacity. The rod to be
drawn is then introduced centrally between the two discs, and in the
same plane, the discs revolving and the rod gradually withdrawn,
will, by revolving the discs in opposite directions, be gradually worked
from its original diameter down to a diameter corresponding to the
distance between the discs at the time the rod leaves; therefore, the
length of taper, from the largest to the smallest diameter, depends upon
the velocity with which the rod is drawn from the discs. To thus
present the rod I arrange a hollow mandril N in bearings n, n, the said
bearings being set upon a slide M, as seen in Fig. 2, and through this
mandril the rod m to be drawn is placed. While the two shafts B, B',

page_text: are in line with each other the slide is thrown up to carry the rod between
the discs as denoted in broken lines, Fig. 2, and the slide put in con-
nection with a shaft P connected to the slide by a screw S, and the said
shaft P caused to revolve forces the slide back to draw the rod from
between the discs; and the velocity with which the slide thus moves is
dependent upon the velocity of the shaft P, which by suitable gearing
may be adjusted to any extent. As a support for the rod while between
the discs I arrange a pair of vibrating jaws t, t, and on the mandril a
cam or former T, the taper of the said former corresponding to the taper
to be given to the rod. The outer of the jaws t rests upon the said
former, and when the mandril is forced forward to carry the dies into the
discs the jaws are opened by running down the incline of the former T,
and gradually close upon the rod as it is drawn out, thus supporting the
rod while the discs are operating. For convenience I arrange the
bearings n so as to be turned around at right angles as denoted in
broken lines, Fig. 1, for introduction of the rod or examination of
the work. This part of my Invention is used chiefly as a preliminary
step to subsequent devices herein-after described to finish the surface;
as in the use of the machine if the taper be considerable the surface
will show a spiral line in which the rolls have worked, which would
be removed by subsequent operations. I have represented the plates
as revolving, but if preferred the movement may be vibratory, as more
fully hereafter described.
The second part of this Invention relates to mechanism for rolling and
straightening the tapering work, such as axles, spindles, and other
articles which are required to be of tapering form and a gradually
diminishing diameter, and it consists in the arrangement of two or more
rolls or cylinders, which by an automatic mechanism are gradually
closed together, so that a bar or rod placed between the two rolls to be
by them acted upon and gradually drawn from the rolls will be
diminished in diameter accordingly as the rolls are closed.
This part of the Invention is illustrated in Figs. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8.
Three rolls or cylinders A, B, C, (by preference I use this number)
are arranged in a suitable framework D for their support, and made to
revolve by the application of power thereto in any convenient manner,
and should be geared together so as to revolve with the same velocity.
Two of these rolls are made adjustable by set screws b, the other or
upper roll supported in bearings F, which are held up by springs E' or

page_text: other suitable device, and above this roll is arranged a shaft F, see Fig. 3,
upon which a cam fis arranged over each bearing. This shaft is made
to revolve slowly through a worm gear F¹ working into a toothed
wheel F on the said shaft, power being communicated to the said worm
gear by connection to other parts of the machinery. This revolution of
the shaft and cams thereon gradually depresses the upper roll nearer to
the others, hence when open to the greatest extent (the metal to be
acted upon being placed between the rollers and gradually drawn there-
from), the rolls revolving and gradually approaching each other will
work the metal into a gradual taper form, as seen in Figs. 3 and 7. To
support and thus gradually draw the rod being wrought from the rolls,
I arrange a carriage or holder H in suitable guides H' in connection with
a leading screw H2 actuated by connection of the gearing of the machine
so as to be automatic in its movement. On the carriage H I arrange a
mandril I so as to revolve freely, and in this mandril the bar G to be
rolled is securely fixed; the carriage carried forward to the rolls inserts
the bar, then put in connection with the leading screw H² gradually
withdraws the bar. For convenience I arrange the carriage H so as to
be turned away from the work, as denoted in broken lines, Fig. 7. An
automatic device for starting the feed of the carriage is produced by a
cam L on the shaft F, which at the end of each revolution raises a
lever L', which is in connection with a rod L. This occurs when the rolls
are open to their fullest extent. As the carriage is thrown forward a
latch h projecting therefrom passes beneath the rod L³, then the lever L'
falling from the cam forces the end of the latch h down into a groove n
(see Figs. 4 and 6) on the guide. The latch thus pressed down is forced
into connection with the screw H³, as seen in Fig. 6, and will so remain
until the article is withdrawn (which is at the end of each revolution of
the shaft F); then the latch arrives at an opening m (see Figs. 6 and 7),
which allows it to rise and be cleared from the screw.
While smooth cylinders or rolls may be used to adgantage another
form of surface is found still more advantageous, that is, to make the
surface moduled or botryoidal, as denoted in Fig. 5 and as shown in
diagram, Fig. 8, which illustrates a portion of the surface of one of the
rolls. These irregularities in the surface revolving rapidly, as the rolls
must, act like hammers, as it were, giving a rapid succession of blows to
the article which is revolving between them, and these projections are
in such position relatively to each other that one point does not suc-
cessively receive more than a single blow, consequently this hammering

page_text: finishes the surface perfectly smooth, and performs the drawing operation
with greater rapidity and less power than could be done with smooth
rolls. It will be understood that for different diameters of articles the
rolls must be adjusted accordingly, as also the degree of taper; an
adjustment which competent mechanics will readily understand without
further explaination.
The third part of this Invention relates to an arrangement of rolls
and mechanism for feeding for the purpose of rolling or rolling and
straightening longer rods, shuch as shafting and for like purposes, and
consists in the arrangement of rolls combined with a peculiar mechanism
for feeding, and also the construction of rolls for the purpose of
straightening. This part of the Invention is illustrated in Figs. 9,
10, 11, & 12. A, B, C, represents the three rolls arranged in a frame D,
and coupled together by a chain of gears E and to the driving shaft F, on
which are arranged pulleys F¹, through which power is communicated
to cause the rolls to revolve simultaneousley. The ends of the rolls are
slightly chamferred, as denoted in Figs. 9 and 10, and are made
adjustable by set screws G, so as to be set in the relation to each other
required for the diameter of the shafting when finished. The shaft
upon which the rolls are respectively arranged extends through and to
other bearings H to support the extended shaft. These shafts are
threaded to form screws I, and on the screws at each end are arranged
head blocks L, which are bored out so as to slide freely over the screws.
On each head block is arranged a lever L' fitted as seen in Fig. 12 to be
swung around and engage with all the screws, as denoted in broken lines
in Fig. 12. When thus engaged the head blocks will move with the
screws; disengaged the screws have no effect upon the head blocks.
The shaft to be rolled is passed in through one of the head blocks to the
roll, the head block being thrown out from the rolls, then power applied
to cause the rolls and screws to revolve, and the said head block engaged
with the screws; the shaft will be fed into the rolls passing longi-
tudinally between them (a, Fig. 11, representing the shaft), and thus
continue until the head block has run up to the rolls or to its full
extent, then the head block is disengaged and moved back to take a
second hold on the shaft. It will be understood that the shaft is secured
in the head block so as to be forced forward as the head block moves;
then feeding again until the shaft extends through, so as to enter the
head block on the opposite side, then the two head blocks (should the
shaft be of sufficient length) are applied, and aid in feeding and properly

page_text: guiding the shaft. The result of this operation is that the shaft passes
from the machine, rolled to an exact and even diameter, and with a
most perfectly finished surface. This object is accomplished by rolls
having a smooth surface, but is facilitated and the straightening ensured
by the construction of the surface as denoted by the Drawings, that is to
say, on two of the rolls are formed annular grooves d, and on the other
corresponding projections f, the projections being slightly narrower than
the grooves; these working together serve to straighten the shafting
upon the principle of wire straightening, the ends of the roll being left
smooth for a short distance at the end sufficient to give the final surface
to the shaft. If desired a moduled or botryoidal surface may be given to
the rolls, the advantages being the same as in the previously described
arrangement.
The fourth part of this Invention relates to a device applicable to the
same class of work as that last described, and is also adapted to work
of diameter, that last described being limited (as nothing of less
diameter can be rolled than will allow of the rolls moving without
actual contact with each other), and it consists in the arrangement of a
pair of reciprocating plates or faces, which receiving the rod to be rolled.
between their surfaces and gradually drawn together as the rod passes
through (the rod moving in a line transverse to the movement of the
plates), rolls the rod between the surfaces, diminishing its diameter as
the plates are brought toward each other.
This part of the Invention is illustrated in Figs. 13, 14, 15 and 16.
A is one plate and B the other, hung in suitable guides and held in
position, here represented as supported in carriages A', B¹, and a
reciprocating movement is given to these from the driving shaft C
through connecting rods A2, B2.
To avoid the friction which would otherwise occur in the bearings in
which the plates work, I arrange in their rear friction rolls a, and these
are retained in position to work with the plates by means of a fixed
rack d on the carriage, and a rack d' on the plates, and pinions i on the
ends of the rolls a, as seen in Fig. 15. Upon these rolls the bearings
come entirely so that little or no friction is produced by the plates.
To adjust the plates so as to approach each other, I arrange a toggle D
in the rear of each carriage, which is operated by a nut wheel F
arranged upon a shaft I, to which the toggle is attached, so that by the

page_text: Specification.
Fifth. In combination with the subject matter of the fourth claim, I
claim an automatic feeding device to withdraw the rod or bar, being
wrought substantially as specified.
Sixth. In a mechanism for rolling bars or rods, and in which the bar
or rod to be rolled lies longitudinally between the rolling surfaces, I
claim constructing the said surfaces of a "moduled" or "boitryoidal
form, substantially as herein set forth.
"
Seventh. In a mechanism for rolling bars or rods, consisting in the
arrangement of two or more rolls, to act longitudinally or axially upon
the said rods or bars, I claim an automatic feeding mechanism, sub-
stantially such as shewn in Figs. 9 and 10, and described in the third
part of this Specification, whereby an indefinite length of rod or bar may
be wrought to an equal diameter from end to end.
Eighth. In a mechanism for rolling rods or bars, consisting in the
arrangement of two or more rolls, to act longitudinally or axially upon
the said bars or rods, I claim the said rolls constructed with alternate
annular grooves, substantially as and for the purpose specified in the
third part of this Specification.
Ninth. A pair of reciprocating plates arranged to receive the rod or
bar to be rolled, and provided with a mechanism to gradually cause the
said plates to approach each other, substantially as described in the
fourth part of this Specification.
Tenth. A pair of reciprocating plates, arranged to receive the rod
or bar to be rolled, and provided with a mechanism to gradually
cause the said plates to approach each other, when the said plates
are made to operate radially from a common centre for the purpose
of rolling taper forms, substantially as described in the fourth part of
this Specification.
Eleventh. In combination with a pair of reciprocating plates arranged
to receive the rod or bar to be rolled, and provided with a mechanism to
gradually cause the said plates to approach each other, I claim an auto-
matic feed for gradually withdrawing the rod or bar, being wrought
substantially as described in the fourth part of this Specification.

page_text: Twelfth. In combination with a pair of reciprocating plates made
to operate radially from a common centre, I claim an automatic feed
for gradually withdrawing the rod or bar, being wrought substantially as
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Thomas Hughes, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of June One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-two.