IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF ORDNANCE SHELLS AND OTHER HOLLOW VESSELS
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Peters, of Union Street, in the Borough of
Southwark, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF ORDNANCE SHELLS AND OTHER HOLLOW VESSELS."
ealed the 16th November 1855, and dated the 7th June 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Peters at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
June 1855.
I, RICHARD PETERS, of Union Street, in the Borough of Southwark, En-
gineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ORDNANCE SHELLS AND OTHER HOLLOW VESSELS" to be as
follows:
My Invention consists in the employment of a hollow-mould, made in two
or more parts, into which metal or other material to be formed is poured
through a pipe, which descends about midway into the mould, and in imparting
to the mould, after a sufficient amount of metal or other substance in a fluid
or semi-fluid state has been' poured therein, two centrifugal motions at right
angles or nearly so to each other. The centrifugal force acting in all direc-.
tions distributes the contents of the mould evenly all round the inside thereof,
while the internal pipe acts as a vent for the escape of air and gases, and

page_text: prevents any considerable quantity of any material being forced therefrom.
On stopping the two motions and opening the mould, the hollow article will
drop out perfectly formed. When making shell and if so desired, I insert
round the outside of the internal, pipe a ferrule; screw-threaded on the inside.
This ferrule will become incorporated with the shell, and will be ready for
receiving a fuse threaded with a corresponding screw. It may also be necessary
to insert a plain ferrule round the pipe when forming other articles to prevent
odbacion though
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RICHARD
PETERS, of Union Street, in the Borough of Southwark, Engineer, send
greeting. 776
ast
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WHEREAS Her most-Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria; by Her Letters
Patent, bearing, date the Seventh day of June, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the eighteenth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Richard Peters, Her special licence that I, the said Richard Peters, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Richard
Peters; my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man,, an Invention, for IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU
FACTURE OF ORDNANCE, SHELLS AND OTHER HOLLOW VESSELS, upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Richard Peters, by an instrument in
writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said: Invention,. and in what manner' the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent.Office.within
six calendar months, next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent
.:
NOW KNOW, YE,. that I, the said Richard Peters, do hereby declare the.
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is, to be. per-
formed, to be particularly described, and ascertained, in, and by the following.

page_text: statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed
(that is to say)
地
a
My Invention consists in the employment of a hollow mould, made in two
or more parts, into which metal or other material to be formed is "poured
through a pipe, which descends about midway into the mould, and in iniparting
to the mould, after a sufficient amount of metal or other substance in a fluid
or semi-fluid state has been poured therein, two centrifugal motions at right
angles or nearly'so to each other. The centrifugal force acting in all direc
tions distributes the contents of the mould evenly all round the inside thereof;
while the internal pipe acts as a vent for the escape of air and gases, and
prevents any consideráble quantity of material (if any) being forced therefrom.
On stopping the two motions
and
opening the mould, the hollow article will
drops out perfectly formed!" When making shell, and if so
round the outside of the internal pipe
d on the inside!
This ferrule will become incorporated with the shell, and will be ready for
receiving a fuse threaded with a corresponding screw! It may be also necessary
to insert a plain ferrule found the pipe when forming other articles to prevent
adhesion thereto
a ferrule, screw-threesired. I insert
In the Drawings hereunto annexed I have shewn the
carry my Invention into effect when casting hollow shell!
manner in which I
Figure 1 is a front elevation of the machinery I'employ; and Figure 2, a
section through the line a, b of Figure 1. AA is a sole plate, to which the
standards B, B', are firmly. bolted; C is a shaft, free to revolve in bearings on
the standard B¹ One end of this shaft is fixed to one side of a fraine, to be
hereafter described, while the other end carries fast and loose pullies. D is
at shaft, one end of which is fixed in bearings on the standard B, and after
passing through one side of the frame herein before mentioned; has keyed to
the other end of it a fixed toothed pinion E; Fis a frame for holding the
niould 'R-shewn separately in Figure 3, a section' through the line c, d, "of
Figure 1 G/Gy are "Bearings, made in two opposite sides of the frame; for
receiving the spindles H H which are cast with or otherwise "connected to
the mould; I is a toothed wheel, cast with a loop e, free to be moved upon the
spindle H¹; f is a screw, for fixing it in a position for gearing into the toothed
pinion Ej and at the same time to cause the spindles HH and mould K to
revolve with it; L'is a weight or counterpoise on the spindle H to the toothed
wheel-I and boss eK is the mould, formed in two parts, united by a hinge g,
and carried and supported in the frame Fupon the spindles HHI One part
of the mould is flattened at top, as at hy h, and is provided with a tube i for
pouring metal into the mould, and which also serves as an air vent. is a
وم

page_text: ferrule, placed on the tube i before closing the mould and proceeding to cast
a shell. This ferrule is tapped with a screw thread on the inside for receiving
the screw of a fuse. I is a pin and cotter, for keeping the two parts of the mould
together after the part with the tube i has been hinged over on the other part.
The operation of the machine is as follows:-
The frame must be turned over to bring the mouth h, h, of the mould
uppermost, and must be so held while metal in a sufficiently fluid state is
being poured therein; rotary motion is then communicated from a steam
engine or other prime mover by a strap to the fast pulley on the shaft C,
and this, being affixed to one side of the frame F, causes it to revolve, the
opposite side revolving loosely round the shaft D. The frame carries with it
the mould and toothed wheel I, which wheel, being fixed to the mould spindle
H, and gearing into the fixed toothed pinion E, is caused to partake of
rotary motion round its own axis, and consequently to impart its motion to
the mould K, which is thus, made to revolve at the same time round two
diameters at right angles to each other. The motions communicated being
rapid, the metal in the mould is thrown centrifugally all round and evenly
over the inner surface of the mould, and adheres to the ferrule round the tube.
I continue the motions to the mould until the metal becomes set. L' is the
formed shell. Now, to release the shell, I bring the frame into the position
shewn at Figure 1, remove the screw f, raise the wheel I, knock out the pin
from the cotter, and open the mould upon the hinge, when the shell will drop
out ready to be charged. ;
f.
The thickness of the shell may be increased or diminished by pouring into
the mould more or less metal, and the time the metal will take to set will of
course vary with the quantity supplied. The mould-may, if found desirable,
be lined with any suitable material, and may also be cooled after the shell is
formed by the application externally, of water or other cooling matter. In the
forming of other hollow articles than shells without a core, the form of the
mould may be altered to suit the shape to be imparted to them; and where
casting other than metal, the mould may require to be kept heated while
the material is being poured in, in order to keep it sufficiently fluid until the
machine is set going.
1.
"
..
From the foregoing description it will be understood that I only employ
for the purposes of my Invention metal or other substance, which can be made
sufficiently. fluid by heat to be acted upon in the manner herein-before described,
and which will set or become rigid on cooling down.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim,

page_text: First, the manufacture of shells and other hollow articles in hollow moulds,
made to rotate at the same time round two diameters at right angles to each
other.
And, second, the general combination and arrangement of parts, herein-
before described, and represented in the Drawings hereunto annexed, for
imparting to moulds employed in the manufacture of shells and other hollow
articles rotary motions at one and the same time round two diameters at right
angles to each other.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Peters, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Seventh day of December, One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-five.
RICHARD PETERS.
(L.S.)