matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED PACKING FOR PISTON RODS AND OTHER RODS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Wise at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th March 1865.
A communication from abroad by William Bolivar Davis, of Brooklyn,
in the County of Kings, State of New York, United States of America,
Engineer.
I, FRANCIS WISE, of Chandos Chambers, Adelphi, in the City of West-
minster, Consulting Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED PACKING FOR PISTON RODS AND OTHER RODS," to
be as follows:-
This improved. packing consists of a body or cord composed of canvass or
other textile fabric or fibrous material, round which is woven, interlaced, or
braided a fabric composed of fine wires, as hereafter described. The packing
thus formed is applied to stuffing boxes in the usual manner, and presents a
durable metallic surface capable of yielding when the packing is compressed.
In the annexed Drawing, A is a cylindrical strip or cord of packing, and
is composed of a body b of canvass or other textile fabric or fibrous material,
inclosing a core a of rubber; round the strip A are interlaced or woven the
wires e and el, which constitute a compact metallic covering or fabric of
wires, which may be woven round the strip, or plaited, or braided, or interlaced;
the usual whip plaiting or the ordinary braiding machine being used for the
purpose.

page_text: The metal covered packing is applied and secured in the ordinary manner,
that is by coiling it, and depositing the coil in the stuffing box. When one
portion of the metal covering has been wornaway the packing may be removed
and turned so as to present a new wearing surface, this operation being
repeated until every portion of the metal has been worn away.
Although I have alluded to the interior portion or body a as being cylin-
drical, it will be apparant that it may be square or of any other required
shape, and the core of rubber may, if desirable, be dispensed with.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING AND SIZING COTTON, SILK, WOOLLEN, AND OTHER YARNS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isaac Holt, William Holt, James
Holt, and Joseph Maude at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 23rd May 1865.
We, ISAAC HOLT, WILLIAM HOLT, JAMES HOLT, and JOSEPH MAUDE, all of
Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING AND SIZING COTTON, SILK, WOOLLEN,
AND OTHER YARNS," to be as follows:-
For dyeing yarns we make a peculiar shaped bobbin consisting entirely of
wire or light metal or material; the body of the bobbin consists of longi-
tudinal strips of wire attached to light end pieces made circular, or any other
convenient shape to confine the yarn within the length of the bobbin; the
yarn is wound on this skeleton bobbin, the body being perfectly open the yarn
is free both inside and outside, so that when the bobbin with the yarn on it is
immersed in the dyeing matter, it will penetrate and dye every thread,
whereas this cannot be done in the cop.
We size the yarn in the doubling frame, using dissolved buffalo hide, the
said solution being twisted in, the yarn during the twisting process, by which
every thread is sized singly instead of sizing the warp altogether; this process
also lays the fibre of the yarn and dispenses with gasing it, making it stronger
because there is no chance of burning it.
COMMUNICATING WITH THE GUARD OF A RAILWAY TRAIN BY MEANS OF A FOLDING FOOTBOARD
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Score at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th February
1865.
I, GEORGE SCORE, of Clarendon Gardens, Maida Hill, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"COMMUNICATING WITH THE GUARD OF A RAILWAY TRAIN BY MEANS OF A FOLDING
FOOTBOARD," to be as follows:-
It consists of a folding footboard extending beyond the carriage at each end,
so as to enable the guard by means of a wider footboard than is now used on
railways to pass from one end of the train to the other; at each end of the
carriage I provide a handle or lever, thereby enabling the guard either with
his hand or foot to turn over the flap and so pass along the train. A hand
rail will be fixed on the side of each carriage, so that the guard will be enabled
to pass and repass without danger.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MANUFACTURING ORDNANCE AND GUN BARRELS OF CAST STEEL OR OF HOMOGENEOUS IRON
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Marshall and Henry Mills
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 25th January 1865.
We, JOHN MARSHALL, of Wednesbury, in the County of Stafford, Iron-
master, and HENRY MILLS, of Wednesbury aforesaid, Ironmaster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MANUFACTURING
ORDNANCE AND GUN BARRELS OF CAST STEEL OR OF HOMOGENEOUS IRON," to be as
follows:-
In manufacturing ordnance and gun barrels from cast steel or homogeneous
iron it is customary to cast a short thick solid cylinder of the said steel or
iron, and by boring or punching to make a cylindrical hole in the axis of the
said cylinder, and concentric therewith. The cylinder thus made hollow is by
rolling or otherwise elongated and reduced in diameter until it has the
required dimensions. Our Invention consists in manufacturing ordnance and
gun barrels from cast steel or homogeneous iron in the following manner:―
We form by the process of casting hollow cylindrical ingots of cast steel or
homogeneous iron, which hollow cylindrical ingots are when required elongated
and reduced in diameter by the process of rolling, or drawing, or tilting, or
hammering until they are reduced to the required size. They are then made
into ordnance or gun barrels in the ordinary manner. For ordnance we some-
times cast the hollow cylindrical ingots of the same or nearly the same length
and diameter as the finished ordnance has. In making the said ingots we
prepare a cylindrical mould in the ordinary manner, excepting that we place

page_text: in the axis of the mould a cylindrical core, the axis of the said core being
made to coincide as exactly as possible with the axis of the mould. The said
cylindrical core may either be made solid and of sand or other material not
injuriously affected by the heat of the melted steel or iron, or the said core
may be made hollow. When we make the core hollow we prefer to make it
of wrought iron. In this case the hollow core becomes attached to the
hollow cylinder cast upon it, but it is removed by the boring process to which
the ordnance or gun barrel is subjected in the course of its manufacture.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OP SHIPS' YARDS AND SPARS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Terrot Glover at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th March
1865.
I, TERROT GLOVEB, junior, of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION
OP SHIPS' YARDS AND SPARS," to be as follows:-
The object of the Invention is to obtain increased strength with lightness
and elegance of appearance to ships' yards and spars, and the improvements
consist in forming them of bars of iron or steel of an angular or other suitable
section combined into the form of the desired yard or spar tapering to both or
either end as may be desired, and bound together by hoops and plates bolted,
rivetted, or otherwise fastened, so as thereby to form an open framework. By
this arrangement provision is afforded for carrying the studding sail booms in
the ends of the yards, and housing them in the body thereof when not in
use, and in a similar manner may the booms be carried in other hollow iron
yards.
A NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINE FOR PEELING OR SKINNING ALMONDS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Henry Wathew at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
March 1865.
I, JAMES HENRY WATHEW, of Hill Top, West Bromwich, in the County
of Stafford, Commercial Traveller, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINE FOR PEELING OR SKINNING
ALMONDS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of a machine for peeling or skinning almonds, the
parts of which are constructed and arranged essentially in the following
manner.
Upon uprights on the bed of the machine two horizontal rollers are situated,
the axes of the said rollers working in bearings on the said uprights. The said
rollers are situated side by side and parallel to one another, the distance
between them being adjusted by screws. The bodies of the rollers are made
of iron or other hard metal, the said bodies being coated or covered with a
covering of vulcanized india-rubber. Above the rollers is a hopper in which
the almonds to be peeled or skinned are placed, and below the rollers is an
inclined platform upon which the peeled or skinned almonds fall on leaving the
machine. The two horizontal rollers are geared together by toothed wheels, the
toothed wheel on one roller having a diameter double that of the wheel on the
other roller, so that one roller rotates with double the velocity of the other. Motion
is given to the rollers by a winch on the axis of that one carrying the smaller
toothed wheel. On giving motion to the rollers by the said winch and toothed
gearing, and permitting the almonds to descend from the hopper and pass

page_text: between the rotating rollers, the peel or skin is removed from the said almonds
by the pressure of the said rollers and the different velocities at which they
rotate, the almonds being uninjured by the rollers while passing between them
by the yielding of the india-rubber covering on the said rollers. The peeled
or skinned almonds on passing from the rollers fall on to the inclined platform,
and from thence pass to a receptacle placed to receive them.
A NEW PROCESS OF LACQUERING AND FINISHING METAL GOODS, SUCH AS GAS FITTINGS AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES USUALLY FINISHED BY BRONZING AND LACQUERING
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Harcourt at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
December 1865.
I, JOSEPH HARCOURT, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Lacquer
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "A
NEW PROCESS OF LACQUERING AND FINISHING METAL GOODS, SUCH AS GAS FITTINGS
AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES USUALLY FINISHED BY BRONZING AND LACQUERING," to be
as follows (that is to say)
Hitherto the process of colouring metals to produce a bronzed appearance
has been tedious, troublesome, and expensive, and generally requires pro-
tecting with lacquer after so colouring or bronzing; but by my improved
mode it becomes simple, and may be done with comparative little skill, as, for
instance, I incorporate with ordinary lacquer (such as composed of gum
dissolved in spirit and used for protecting the bright surface of metal work)
black lead for producing a black lacquer or bronze, the same being used in
the ordinary way of applying lacquer to metal surfaces. But with a view of
being more concise I will state that to one gallon of lacquer I mix one pound
of seed-lac, one pound of shell-lac, one pound of gamboge, one pound of
sandarac, one pound of benzone, and one pound of black lead, varying the
proportions as may be preferred. These ingredients, when well incorporated
and dissolved by gentle heat and then allowed to fine, may be applied over
the work with an ordinary brush, preferring that the work should be heated
to ensure rapid drying. For brown lacquer or bronze I substitute red lead,

page_text: crocus, or other equivalent colouring matter for the black lead or its equiva-
lent, as stated above; and by altering or varying the ingredients and pro-
portions or their equivalents herein named I am enabled to impart a green
or other modified bronze colour; and I have found for wrought work one coat
usually produces the desired effect, but for smooth, burnished, or dead work I
prefer to hand the said work up with dry powder, such as had been used in
giving the shade or colour to the work, and afterwards to again coat the work
with a coating of ordinary lacquer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jules Wauthier at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th November
1865.
I, JULES WAUTHIER, of Dalston, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as
follows:-
My Invention is based upon atmospheric pressure, and upon the formation
of a vacuum by which that pressure is utilized.
I take an iron or steel tube, enamelled inside, and, say, five feet in
length, more or less; this tube I hereafter term the reservoir. It is hermeti-
cally closed at one end, while at or near the other end a tap is fitted. To
this end of the reservoir I fit an elbow or bent pipe, which in its turn is
connected to a cylinder parallel or nearly so with the reservoir. I fill the
reservoir with mercury, and heat it by means of a charcoal stove or otherwise,
so as to expel all the air and moisture contained in the mercury. I then
reverse the position of the reservoir, taht is to say, I place its closed end
uppermost, so that the mercury falls in the reservoir and rises in the cylinder
until only sufficient remains in the reservoir to balance the weight of an
atmospheric column equal in diameter to the column of mercury. As the

page_text: mercury falls in the reservoir a vacuum is produced in the upper end thereof.
I now place an air-tight piston in the cylinder, so that it floats or rests upon
the mercury therein. Now if the reservoir with the cylinder be moved from
its perpendicular position into an inclined position, forming, say, an angle of
about 45°, varying according to the length of the tube, the vacuum at the top of
the reservoir will exhaust the mercury in the cylinder, whereby the piston will
fall; then if the reservoir and cylinder be returned into the perpendicular position
the mercury will again fall in the reservoir and rise in the cylinder, lifting the
piston with it..
Now to apply this alternate rise and fall of the piston to obtain motive
power I balance the reservoir and cylinder on convenient supports, so that
they may easily and with little power be moved by the action of an excentric
or otherwise alternately from the perpendicular into an inclined position
and vice versa, whereby the piston receives a continuous up-and-down motion.
I fit a rod to the piston and connect the rod in any ordinary manner
to a cranked shaft or other mechanism for receiving and transmitting motive
power.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF LINEN OR OTHER YARNS OR THREADS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Bell Paton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
August 1865
I, THOMAS BELL PATON, of Montrose, in the County of Forfar, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF LINEN OR OTHER YARNS OR
THREADS," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to the arrangement and construction of the machinery
used for the purposes of spinning and twisting flax, tow, jute, and other
yarns and threads, the chief feature of which consists in actuating a double
set of spindles with one set of rollers.
This object is effected by arranging the shaft carrying the rollers or pulleys
between the rows of spindles, and in continuing a diving belt from over the
pulleys round alternate spindles on both of the two rows; by means of this
arrangement when the driving shaft is in motion the whole of the spindles in
both 1ows are driven.
The advantages resulting from this Invention are, the reduction in prime
cost of the machinery, the diminution of the building space required in
about the proportion of two to six feet in breadth, the economising of prime
motive power, and the consequent increased power of production.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES USED FOR SMELTING AND MELTING IRON AND OTHER METALS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Balk at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th April 1865.
I, WILLIAM BALK, late of Ipswich, in the County of Suffolk, but now of
Emmerberg, Hanover, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES USED FOR SMELTING AND MELTING
IRON AND OTHER METALS," to be as follows:-
The Invention is especially applicable to those classes of furnaces which
are worked continuously and are only stopped when parts are burned or worn
out, such as blast furnaces employed in smelting iron or other ores; and the
Invention consists in applying rollers at those parts of furnaces which are
most liable to wear or to be burned out; these rollers are arranged to be
capable of being turned so that the surfaces which have formed part of the
interior of a furnace for a time and become thereby burned and worn are
turned away from the interior, whilst other parts of the rollers which are
new or have been restored or re-made are at the same time turned inwards;
by which arrangements and constructions of furnaces the parts most liable
to wear are readily restored without stopping the furnaces, whilst the parts of
the rollers which have for a time been interior of a furnace can when turned
outwards be again restored or re-made. The joints of the rollers or places of
contact with the other parts of the furnace where the rollers are situated
are repaired and luted so as readily to make all parts sound after turning a
roller.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TRIMMINGS AND IN THE MACHINERY EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Smith at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd December 1865.
I, WILLIAM SMITH, of Nottingham, in the County of Nottingham, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF TRIMMINGS AND IN THE MACHINERY EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be
as follows:-
My Invention consists in the production of ornamental forms, devices, or
trimmings to be applied to velvets, ribbons, lace, and other textile fabrics,
and also in the machinery employed therein. To effect this it is necessary
to pass the fabric to be so ornamented or figured over a heated cylinder or
other surface. I employ a hollow tube or tubes to the top of which is or are
attached a wire or wires; through the tube or tubes I pass as many threads
as the pattern desired may require; these threads are passed to the cylinder.
I then cause one, two, or more revolving shuttles as required, each of which
carries one or more bobbins of gimp, silk, or other material, to revolve round'
the tubes and threads and wires, and as they revolve the material is drawn off
the bobbins by the revolution of the cylinder, and the pattern or device is
thus formed according to the distance between the wires and threads, which

page_text: thus produces an open work pattern or device. The trimming is then to be
slightly moistened and applied by pressure or otherwise to the velvet, ribbon,
lace, or other fabric, which then passes under a roller, and the ornamental
device is thus attached and fixed upon the fabric forming the body of the
trimming.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Alexander Rowland at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
April 1865.
I, JOHN ALEXANDER ROWLAND, of Hampton Wick, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in photographic cameras relates to a novel
mode of constructing cameras so that large pictures or panoramic pictures may
be taken with lenses of moderate size; by this means an instrument of
large capacity and capable of producing large and extensive views with great
accuracy and without aberration may be constructed at a greatly reduced
cost.
In carrying out my Invention the lens is mounted in a brass chamber or slide,
to the end of which is adapted a diaphragm chamber the aperture of which is
of a long narrow form placed vertically. The lens chamber is held in a vertical
position by means of two fixed studs which work in grooves made longitudinally
along the top and bottom of the dark chamber. The lens is also maintained
in its proper vertical position by a similar arrangement. The image from
the lens passes through the long narrow vertical opening of the diaphragm
chamber to the sensitive surface of the plate. By traversing this long narrow
opening of the diaphragm chamber along the grooves provided for the purpose,
the changing image from the long narrow opening falls on to the sensitive

page_text: surface, and the photographic image is thereby impressed on the sensitive
surface. The traversing motion of the leus and diaphragm is effected by
toothed gearing or by a screw working in a nut connected with the diaphragm
chamber, and this mechanism may be worked by means of a winch with an
uniform slow motion adapted to it, or the diaphragm may be moved by means
of a cord or chain actuated by clockwork capable of being driven at a
regulated spoed according to the state of the atmosphere.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE WATER- PROOF LININGS OF CASES, BOXES, AND APPARATUS IN WHICH ARTICLES ARE DESIRED TO BE PACKED WATERPROOF
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Jonas at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th December
1865.
I, JOHN JONAS, of 150, Leadenhall Street, in the City of London, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE WATER-
PROOF LININGS OF CASES, BOXES, AND APPARATUS IN WHICH ARTICLES ARE DESIRED
TO BE PACKED WATERPROOF," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the waterproof linings
of cases, boxes, and apparatus in which articles are desired to be packed water-
proof. For these purposes, in place of using tin plate or other metal linings
to packing cases and boxes as is now commonly practiced, a bag of vulcanized
india-rubber, or it may be of canvass or other suitable fabric rendered water-
proof, is used, which fits the interior of the case or box. In the upper side
of the bag is formed an opening of a size sufficient to allow of the articles
which are to be packed in the case or box being introduced with facility
through the opening. The opening in the upper part of the bag or lining is
closed water-tight by means of two metal frames or clamping plates of some-
what larger dimensions than the opening. One of these plates is placed
within the opening, so that the edges of the flexible material of which the bag
or lining is formed overlap the edges of the frame or clamping plate. Over
the opening is then laid a sheet of vulcanized india-rubber or flexible water-

page_text: proof fabric, and over that the second clamping frame or plate is placed, and
the two frames or clamping plates are then drawn together by a screw or screws
or other fastenings. Provision is made for closing the parts waterproof where
the screws or fastenings pass through the flexible waterproof material. Bags
closed as herein described may be used for packing some articles without being
enclosed in boxes or cases.
AN IMPROVED FORCE. DISPELLER OR SPRING-BUFFING APPARATUS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Jeffrey Hopkins at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th June 1865..
I, WILLIAM JEFFREY HOPKINS, of the City of Worcester, Architect, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED FORCE.
DISPELLER OR SPRING-BUFFING APPARATUS," to be as follows:-
The object proposed by this Invention is greatly to lessen if not entirely to
prevent the danger arising from collisions of railway trains or other loco-
motive vehicles, and to break the force arising from the contact of bodies in
motion with others either fixed or moving, and in general to prevent shocks.
The apparatus consists of two parts, an outer vessel or cylinder containing
air, and an inner vessel, piston, or tube adapted to compress the air. One or
more apertures is or are made in either vessel. Upon any sufficient force
driving the inner into the outer vessel, or driving the vessels together, the
enclosed air is compressed, and the power thus generated is dissipated to the
extent required by a portion of the air escaping through the aperture or
apertures.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR BREAKING AND SCUTCHING FLAX OR SIMILAR FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Gray at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st February
1865.
I, JOHN GRAY, of Uddingston, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR BREAKING AND SCUTCHING FLAX OR SIMILAR FIBROUS
MATERIALS," to be as follows, that is to say:
This Invention has principally for its object to improve the action of
apparatus for breaking and scutching flax and similar fibrous materials.
In the breaking apparatus the improvement is obtained by a novel and
more convenient arrangement of the parts wherein six grooved or fluted
rollers are arranged around and in gear with a larger central grooved or
fluted roller. Adjustable springs or levers are provided for pressing the
outer rollers towards the centre one to compress more or less the flax passing
between them, and an endless travelling web or stage is provided to receive
the flax and feed it to the rollers, and a similar one may also be provided for
delivering it after it has passed the rollers.
The improvements in the scutching apparatus are such as to save the ends of
the flax from the thinning action to which they are liable in ordinary scutching
apparatus, and they consist in forming the hand board or stock against which
the flax is beat by the scutching blades or wipers with an inclination such
that its lower part recedes from the plane of the scutching blades. The whole

page_text: of the stock may be inclined in this way, or its upper part may be less
inclined to or parallel with the plane of the scutching blade. This arrange-
ment prevents the too severe treatment of the ends of the flax; and in order
that the action may be perfectly controlled and regulated the stock is made
adjustable so that its inclination can be varied as may be found desirable in
practice. To render the stock more durable it is also proposed to make it of
steel instead of cast iron.
A further improvement consists in making the scutcheon blades of steel
instead of wood, and in pitching the several sets of blades so that no two strike
at the same time; whilst to save learners' hands from the scutching blades a
guard or valve is fitted to the berth above the stock.
AN IMPROVED COMPOSITION FOR PREVENTING INCRUSTATION IN STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Hewitt at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th May
1865.
I, WILLIAM HEWITT, of Brewer Street, Pimlico, in the County of Middle-
sex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
COMPOSITION FOR PREVENTING INCRUSTATION IN STEAM BOILERS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in combining together the following ingredients,
matters, or substances for the purpose of forming an improved composition or
mixture suitable for preventing the incrustation from water in steam boilers.
The following are the ingredients, matters, or substances which I propose to
employ-I take tanned leather or other materials prepared, dressed, or im-
pregnated with bark, such as is used by tanners for tanning leather, and having
cut the same into small pieces proceed to boil the same in water, until the
whole attains a pasty consistence. I then proceed to mix therewith the washing
soda of commerce, tallow, or other fatty matters in the proportions of about
one part of soda and tallow, to 20 parts of the leather. I then reboil the
whole, and mould it into blocks of suitable size and shape.
This improved composition when required for use is placed in the steam
boiler, or instead of the composition being used solid it may be rendered semi-
fluid by reboiling, and in this state may be poured into the boiler instead of
introducing same at the manhole.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN HEATING AND EVAPORATING
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Frederick Henley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
August 1865. Partly a communication from abroad by Hypolite Girard,
of Paris, France.
I, THOMAS FREDERICK HENLEY, of Pimlico, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN HEATING AND EVAPORATING," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in bringing jets of steam, and that by preference
superheated steam, in contact with incandescent fuel contained in a closed
fire-place, and in conveying the gases generated through pipes from the fire-
place to nozzles where they meet atmospheric air driven by a fan or other
blast through other pipes and are consumed, the arrangement being similar
to that of the oxyhydrogen blow pipe. The ignited gases pass directly through
tubes as in a tubular boiler, or first enter pipes lined with fire-clay or retorts
of refractory earth contained in pipes, and then through tubes or otherwise
according to the use to which the heat is to be applied.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN COMMUNICATING SIGNALS IN RAILWAY TRAINS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Samuel Horridge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
June 1865.
I, EDWARD SAMUEL HORRIDGE, of Cheltenham, in the County of Gloucester,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN COMMUNICATING SIGNALS IN RAILWAY TRAINS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in communicating signals in railway trains by means
of inflammable gas; to effect this I adapt a tap to each carriage compartment,
or to as many as may be desired, which tap upon being turned causes the gas
to flow along a pipe to the engine, the guard's van, or other desired situation
where there is a light constantly burning; this master light effects the
combustion of the transmitted gas, and the flame so produced may constitute
a signal to the engine driver, guard, or other attendant. By another method
however I cause the gas when lighted to burn a cord which holds back a
bell, a whistle, or other alarum which being thus liberated effects an audible
signal. I also connect the tap above mentioned with a signal board or any
ordinary apparatus which will indicate the carriage requiring attention. The
supply of gas may be taken from the ordinary pipe used for the carriage
lamps when that method of illumination is adopted.
MENTS IN BEARING AND DRAW SPRINGS, AND SPRINGS TO RESIST CONCUSSION
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Brown at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
September 1865.
I, WILLIAM HENRY BROWN, of Parkwood Springs, Sheffield, in the County
of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE
MENTS IN BEARING AND DRAW SPRINGS, AND SPRINGS TO RESIST CONCUSSION,"
to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to secure with the least weight of material
the greatest attainable result, and to combine with the necessary strength and
resisting power the greatest elasticity, and most effective free resilient action.
To accomplish this I take a string or strip of steel, properly hardened and
tempered, and of sufficient width and thickness to sustain the pressure or strain
to which it is intended to be subjected. This strip of steel in one length I
coil around a core or central cylinder, the size of which must be proportionate
to and determined by the size and strength of spring to be made; each
circumambient lap of the coil may be equidistant, or may be arranged with
each alternate lap close together. When coiled, the laps at each extremity
of a diameter drawn through the core are bound or fastened together, and to
these parts of the spring when fixed the strain or pressure is applied, and by

page_text: virtue of its construction transmitted and distributed throughout the whole
length of the elastic coil.
Another arrangement contemplates the formation of globular springs with
elastic steel ribs, and where strength is required with one or more globes of
-similar construction enclosed.
AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR.. PURIFYING WATER
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Carl Gustav Lenk at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents,. with his Petition, on the 3rd May
1865.
I, CARL GUSTAV LENK, of Dresden, in the Kingdom of Saxony, now residing
at No. 6, Lawrence Lane, Cheapside, in the City of London, Chemist, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR..
PURIFYING WATER," to be as follows:-
It consists of a mixture of hypermanganate of potash, carbonate of soda,
alum, and neutralized aluminite, which, on being added to the water, pre-
cipitates all organic and inorganic impurities, and renders it clear and whole-
some. The water can then be drawn off, and if a tap is used it should be
fitted with a tube projecting towards the middle of the vessel, the end being
slightly raised from the bottom of the vessel to prevent the precipitated
impurities being drawn off with the purified water.
I do not confine myself to any particular proportions, but I should in most
cases use the chemicals above mentioned in the proportions following, viz.,
one part of hypermanganate of potash, one part of carbonate of soda, six parts
of alum, and twelve parts of neutralized aluminite.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF RELIEVING SLIDE VALVES OF BACK PRESSURE
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James William Longstaff at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th August 1865.
I, JAMES WILLIAM LONGSTAFF, of Stratford, in the County of Essex,
Engine Fitter, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED MODE OF RELIEVING SLIDE VALVES OF BACK PRESSURE," to be as
follows:-
The chief object of this Invention is to remove the pressure of steam from
the back of the slide valves of steam engines. To this end I fit in the steam
chest, immediately over or in front of the ports and at the back of the slide
valve, an adjustable block, which I make of such proportions as to cover the
valve the whole length of its traverse; this block may be conveniently let into
the steam chest through an opening in the steam chest cover; this opening
I form with an inner lip or surrounding flange against which the block fits,
and to ensure a steam-tight joint I recess the block at its upper part to
receive packing; into this recess enters the lip of a cover, which is screwed
tightly to the block, and while compressing the packing confined between it
and the block expands it laterally. The block is held down in close contact
with the valve by means of screw nuts which are applied to screwed studs
projecting up from or bearing upon the back of the block; these studs project
through cross bars fixed to the steam chest cover, which cross bars take the
pressure of the nuts as they are turned to depress the studs and force the

page_text: block down upon the valve. The block is cast hollow to allow of the free
circulation of the steam in the valve chest that it may readily reach the ports
at either end of the valve. The valve I cast with T-shaped recesses to receive
the ends of the valve rods which are made of a corresponding form.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CIRCULAR PRESSING MACHINES FOR FINISHING WOVEN FABRICS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Ingham at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th June 1865.
I, WILLIAM INGHAM, of the City of Manchester, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CIRCULAR PRESSING MACHINES
FOR FINISHING WOVEN FABRICS," to be as follows:-
My Invention is particularly applicable in finishing woollen and stuff
fabrics. In finishing such fabrics it has heretofore been customary to fold
them up with a layer of paper between each fold, and then to subject them
to heat and pressure in a hydraulic press.
Now my Invention consists in causing the fabrics to pass between hollow
paper or other rollers, the interior of which is heated by steam or otherwise,
the rollers are supported in a framing and weighted by screws or compound
levers. In constructing these hollow rollers the paper or other suitable
material is placed on a hollow iron cylinder and compressed between end
flanges in the ordinary manner.
By means of this Invention great economy in labor and a more regular
finish is obtained.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENERS FOR DRIVING BANDS, STRAPS, BELTS, HARNESS, OR OTHER SUCH LIKE PURPOSES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Felix Allender and
Thomas Frederick Cashin at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 1st May 1865.
We, JOSEPH FELIX ALLENDER, Iron Works Manager, of Parkgate, near
Sheffield, in the County of York, and THOMAS FREDERICK CASHIN, Civil
Engineer, of Sheffield, aforesaid, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENERS FOR DRIVING BANDS, STRAPS, BELTS,
HARNESS, OR OTHER SUCH LIKE PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
In lieu of the present mode of connecting the ends of driving bands or
straps for machinery by rivetting or sewing them together we propose to
connect them by a fastener; this fastener consists of a metallic plate, to be
attached or rivetted to one end of the strap; the plate is formed with lugs or
ears, into or between which is fixed a fluted eccentric roll, suitable for the
purpose required. The roll turns freely in the lugs, and when it is so placed
that the shortest radius of the eccentric is opposite the plate, the unattached
end of the band can be passed beneath it when the roll is turned with it, so
that the radii become longer, it presses upon and secures the band the more
tightly the greater the strain upon it. For some purposes it may be desirable
to have two or more rolls working in one plate or frame, and for the eccentric
roll, working on an axis, a bar to slide in an inclined slot in the lugs, and act
as a wedge may be substituted. Fasteners made in accordance with this
Invention may be used for harness, braces, or such like purposes.
AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR WASHING, WRINGING, AND MANGLING
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Andrew Swanzy at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
March 1865.
I, JAMES ANDREW SWANZY, of Plymouth, in the County of Devon, Draper,
and Amateur Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR WASHING, WRINGING, AND MANGLING," to be as
follows:-
In a tub or vessel of suitable form is mounted a cylinder or drum composed
of two circular ends connected together by turned rails; on two opposite
sides of the cylinder are reversible boards which serve as doors to the same,
through which the clothes are introduced into the cylinder; these boards
are either provided with bristles so as to act as brushes, or furnished with
rods or rails like the other parts of the cylinder. The cylinder is mounted on
a central axle so that it can be readily removed from the tub or vessel and
replaced. A continuous rotary motion is given to the cylinder by means of
a fly wheel and handle connected to the cylinder axle by means of spur wheels
which are capable of being thrown in or out of gear when required. At one
side of the tub or vessel is a pair of wringing or mangling 'rollers mounted in
slots in suitable cast-iron standards, which are connected together by a top
piece, the centre of which is furnished with a boss through which passes. a
screw; this screw acts upon a spring which bears upon a cross bar, the ends

page_text: of which press on the axle of the top wringing or mangling roller, and so
give a parallel and uniform pressure to the roller. The rollers are driven by
means of spur gearing, also connected to the fly wheel, and capable of being
disconnected or thrown out of gear at pleasure. Beneath the rollers is a drip
board to convey the water back into the tub or vessel when wringing, and in
connection therewith is a shelf or board for the clothes, which is furnished
with hinges, and with suitable supports underneath so that it can be let down
when not required for use.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN METAL PINS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert William Hart at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
July 1865.
I, HERBERT WILLIAM HART, of the Strand, in the City of Westminster,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN
METAL PINS," to be as follows:-
In metal pins as now ordinarily made the spindle part is plain. Now my
Invention consists in making the spindle of a spiral or worm form for a portion
or the whole of its length, so that the pin cannot be inserted in any article
without the spindle twisting or rotating. In some cases I form the head solid
with the spindle, and in others I make the spindle movable in the head. I
do not limit myself to any particular means of imparting a spiral or worm
form to the spindle, but a convenient method is to draw the wire of which the
spindle is formed through a die of worm form.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF SECURING CORKS OR STOPPERS IN BOTTLES
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
May 1865. A communication from abroad by Gustave Bousigues, called
Bley, of Rheims, France.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED METHOD OF SECURING CORKS OR STOPPERS IN BOTTLES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to securing corks or stoppers in bottles containing
effervescent or fermented liquids, and consists in placing the strings which
assist in securing the cork under the wire in such manner that the cork is
left free by the simple drawing up by hand of the two strings, the ends of
which are connected to a leaden or other plate or handle, and hang down
outside the neck of the bottle beneath the ordinary metal capsule. In
carrying out this Invention, when stringing the cork, instead of cutting the
two ends of the first string close to the cork, a short length of string should
be left in the right hand of the operator, and the other end cut close to the
cork; the second string is cut in the same manner. The two loose ends are
thus at the two sides of the cork, and are held by the lips or recesses formed
in the cork by pressure. These loose ends are then led to the point where
the wire is twisted, and are left below the wire, so that on being drawn.

page_text: upwards they raise first the wire and then the strings, which become liberated.
The wire should have only one twist at the point of junction of the loose
strings, and this twist is formed under the flange of the neck of the bottle;
the two parts of the wire are then led above the cork to the middle of the large
angle of the strings, and are connected by being twisted carefully at a con-
venient inclination.
CERTAIN IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF 'MOULDS' FOR METALLIC CASTINGS HAVING A CYLINDRICAL FORM
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Hartley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th May
1865.
I, DAVID HARTLEY, of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster, Core Maker,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF 'MOULDS' FOR METALLIC CASTINGS HAVING A
CYLINDRICAL FORM," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the formation or production of the moulds to be
employed in casting metallic tubes, pipes, or other cylindrical articles by an
improved means or method designed to economize labour and to obtain the
metallic castings therefrom more expeditiously than hitherto. The improve-
ments consist in the novel employment and use of a "strickle" or template
revolving on an axis supported on the moulding box, and parallel to the outer
circumference of the cylinder to be cast; the profile or outer edge of such
"strickle" is formed to correspond with the shape or design of the casting
required, so as during its revolution to remove the loam according to the
varying shape of the mould required. When the revolving "strickle" is
employed to form moulds of large dimensions, such as supporting pillars and
similar castings, the groundwork or foundation of the mould contained within
the moulding box is to be permanently filled up with brickwork; the moulding
loam is then to be plastered on to the inner surface of such brick mould, after
which the "strickle" is caused to revolve, as described, to form the surface

page_text: into the design required, which produces a smooth and even surface upon the
loam," and thereby forms an effectual mould for the cylindrical casting
without the use of the solid pattern now employed. When a mould for a
curved tube or "elbow" is to be formed, the above described method may be
used to form the flange or ornamental cap, and the curve of the tube is formed
by means of a groove or template, in which a profile moves to remove the
loam according to the shape of the template or guide.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GIVING PERMANENCE TO AND IN ORNAMENTING GLASS TRANSPARENT POSITIVE PHOTOGRAPHS
Year: 1865

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Pettitt at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th January 1865.
I, EDWIN PETTITT, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Photographer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
GIVING PERMANENCE TO AND IN ORNAMENTING GLASS TRANSPARENT POSITIVE
PHOTOGRAPHS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists, firstly, in the following manner of giving permanence
to glass transparent positive photographs: -I coat or cover the collodion
side of the said photographs, or the side of the glass on which the picture is
situated, with plaster of Paris, cement, wax, or other opaque or semi-opaque
substance, either white or tinted with colour, and I afterwards cover the said
plaster of Paris, cement, wax, or other substance with a coating of metal
which coating of metal may either be applied by the electrotype process or
be applied in the form of thin sheets or foil attached by any adhesive matter.
By the treatment described] the picture is securely protected from the
injurious effects of air and moisture, and great permanence in the photograph
thereby secured.
My Invention consist, secondly, in ornamenting transparent glass positive
photographs by coating or covering, either wholly or in part, that side of the
glass on which the picture is situated with coloured materials, such as velvet,
silk, or other fabric, gold and silver leaf, and coloured bronzes, and afterwards

page_text: coating the photograph in the manner constituting the first part of my Invention
when permanency is required. By the use of the coloured materials described
any required tint may be given to the whole or part of the photograph, or it
may be tinted of different colours in different parts.