Year: 1889

page_text: •
and F is supported by its inner edge a reflector J. The upper edge of the ring I is
formed of an irregular or cam shape, as shown in Figure 1. When the lamp is intro-
duced into the holder, the ring or sleeve I is in such a position that the lowest portion
of its upper edge is under the pin A¹. By rotating the sleeve I, the lowest portion of
the upper edge thereof is turned away from the pin A¹ and the highest portion of the
said edge is brought under the said pin into the position shown in Figure 1, so as to
force the sleeve down on the case A and cause the flange I to bear tightly upon the
reflector J, so that the said reflector is firmly held or gripped between the two
flanges I and F". To loosen the reflector, the operation is reversed. The flange Fi
upon which the reflector rests is rigidly attached to the globe or bulb G instead of
being rigidly attached to the holder as heretofore, thus permitting of the lamp being
inserted and removed without taking the holder apart.
case A.
Figures 4 to 9 illustrate a modification wherein I employ a tip or cap F to the
inner surface of which the globe G is firmly cemented. The tip or cap F is made of thin,
flexible, spun brass, copper, or other suitable material, so as to allow of the expansion
of the globe or bulb G which only extends into a portion of the length of the tip or
cap F, thereby leaving a considerable part of the length of the said tip or cap free to
spring or yield as the globe or bulb expands and contracts. The top of the tip or cap
is closed and is provided with perforations for the purpose hereinafter described. Lis
a tube provided with an internal flang e L' at its upper end, whereby it rests on the
top of the tip or cap F, and with an outer annular flange L' at its lower end upon
which rests the reflector J. The tube L is placed between the tip or cap F and the
A ring or sleeve I similar to that herein before described is, moreover, fitted
to turn upon the said case A for the purpose above specified. M, M are metallic tubes,
more clearly shown in Figure 8, provided with flanges M'. The tubes M are placed
in the holes F2 in the tip or cap F and their flanges M¹ rest on the upper surface of
the said tip or cap. The tubes M are preferably turned and sweated or soldered into
the cap by the application of heat. N, N are other tubes formed of glass and fixed
in the tubes M by means of cement composed of soluble glass or other suitable
material. The upper extremities of the tubes N are so arranged as to be a short
distance below the upper ends of the tubes M. The copper or other metal wires or
rods D extend through the glass tubes N. These wires are electro-plated with platinum
to prevent corrosion and oxidation of the surface after cementing, and the glass tubes
are fused upon the said wires. The space between the wires D and tubes Mabove the
upper end of the tubes N is filled up with suitable cement as at O, thus making a
perfectly tight joint.
The lower ends of the rods or wires D are bored out to receive the upper ends of
the filament E. The lower portions of the said holes are formed flaring or bell-
mouthed whilst the upper portions are formed to correspond with the diameter of the
filament E. By this means the said filament is perfectly centred by inserting it into
the said holes and filling up the space left around the said filament in the enlarged or
bell-mouthed portions with cement, which, by reason of the platinum surface on the
wires D, coheres firmly thereto.
P, Figures, 6 & 7, is a tube closed at its lower extremity and cemented or
sweated into a hole in the tip or cap F. The tube P is provided with a flange P¹
which rests upon the upper surface of the tip or cap F. The tube P is preferably
but not necessarily extended a short distance above the flange P¹, and is provided
with a lateral perforation P², Q is another tube fitting into the tube P. This tube Q
is closed at its lower extremity and is provided with a perforation Q¹ which by rotating
the said tube Q within the tube P may be caused to coincide with the perforation Pr
in the tube P as shown in Figure 7, or may be moved away from the said perforation.
R is another tube placed upon the tube Q so as to form an air-tight joint, and extending
to an air-pump. Inside the tube Q is placed some solder or lead Q, which has, how-
ever, a passage through it as at Q³ (Figure 7). The air is exhausted from the globe
or bulb G by means of the tube R, the air being drawn through the passage Q,
tube P, perforations Q & P and the interior of the cap or tip F. The tube Q is
then grasped with a pair of hot tongs at a point just above the upper end of the tube P

page_text: and is partially rotated.
This operation moves the perforations Q1, P2, out of coinci-
dence with each other, and at the same time melts or fuses the solder or lead Q2,
thus closing the passage Q and forming a solid mass as shown in Figure 5. The
tube Q is then broken or cut off as shown in Figure 6. These operations are
effected before the case A is placed in position upon the tip or cap F.
The tip or cap F may be made of insulating plastic material moulded into
shape and having the tubes M and P formed integrally therewith. In such case, the
glass tubes surrounding the rods or wires D are preferably dispensed with, and
the said rods or wires cemented directly into the said tubes M.
Figures 10 to 20 illustrate an application of my improvements to a holder of
that class or kind requiring the use of a key or switch to turn the current off
and on and to prevent sparking while this is being performed. S is a key-pin
or rotating switch formed of a solid round rod made of brass or other suitable
material, and provided with a thumb-piece S¹ rigidly secured thereto by means of
a pin S or in any other suitable manner. The thumb-piece S¹ is preferably
formed of vulcanized india-rubber or other suitable material. The key-pin or
rotating switch S has its bearings in the case A, its rear extremity being supported
in the said case by means of an insulated screw T. U is a contact-sleeve or tube
fitting over the key-pin S and formed of brass tubing or other good conducting
material. The sleeve U is cut away at one extremity as shown, thus providing
shoulders or projections V adapted to strike against a stop-pin V (Figure 19).
The sleeve U is rigidly secured to the key-pin S by means of the pin U. The
contact sleeve U has about half of its circumference removed as shown more
clearly in Fig. 18. U is a slot provided in the remaining portion of the said
sleeve U which is thus divided into two segments or legs, free at their outer ends
and having a certain spring or elasticity, while the tube portion of the said sleeve
is rigid with the key pin.
W is a main or positive screw cup or terminal at which point the electric
current enters the lamp mechanism by means of the wire W₁. X, Y are two
other wire connections or terminals, the former for the current entering, and the
latter for the current leaving the lamp. The position of the key pin S in
Figures 13 and 14 is such that one of the segments or legs of the contact
sleeve U is in contact with the side of the screw-post or terminal X and the
tubular end being in contact with the screw-post terminal W the current entering
the said terminal W passes along the said leg or segment to the screw post ✗
and down the wire X1 which is secured in the said terminal by a set screw X'
to the lamp and back to the screw-post or terminal Y through the wire Y¹ which
is secured in the said terminal by a set screw Y2 and on to the return lead and
the lamp being now turned on. But when the key. pin S is turned a
quarter revolution in the other direction the said segment or leg is moved away
from the screw-post or terminal X and the circuit is thus broken and the lamp
turned off as shown in Figure 16.
80 on,
It will be seen that a quarter revolution of the sleeve bring one of the projec
tions of the tube or sleeve U firmly against the outer end of the pin V as shown
in Figure 12, and that by turning the said sleeve a quarter of a revolution in the
other direction by means of the thumb piece S¹ the opposite projection Ui is brought
against the said pin V, thus providing a simple and efficient means of determining
and limiting the movement of the two flexible contact segments or legs of the tube
or sleeve U. Z is a fourth screw-post or terminal for the purpose of connecting an
auxiliary wire Z¹ which is secured in the said terminal by a set screw Z². The
object of the wire Z is to carry off or prevent the sparking of the current when the
lamp is turned off. The wire Z is a small wire of sufficient conductive capacity to
carry the current of one lamp of average power in the installation, commencing at
the screw-post or terminal Z and connecting it at the main return lead beyond the
connection of the last lamp in the installation. It must have a resistance equal to
one lamp when burning, or such resistance in some other desirable form may be
included between the screw-post or terminal Z and the said main return wire.

page_text: When the thumb-piece S¹ is turned in a certain direction, the segment or leg of
the tube or sleeve U mentioned above as being in contact with the connecting post
or terminal X, is removed from such contact and the other segment or leg is brought
into contact with the screw-post or terminal Z as shown in Figures 15 and 16. The
other segment or leg as shewn in the said Figures is turned away from the post Z,
but it will be found by measurement that its dimensions are such that upon turning
the key S, one segment or leg will make contact with its respective screw-post or
terminal before the other segment or leg leaves or breaks contact with its screw-post
or terminal. Thus a complete path for the current is provided in one direction before
the other path is broken, and, as the resistance through either path is always the
same, the spark is reduced as the key pin S makes contact. The screw-posts or
terminals W, X, Y, Z are securely held in holes formed in an insulating
base A*.
In Figures 21 to 25 G represents a glass bulb or globe which has been exactly
formed or blown in a mould. a is a glass cup exactly formed or blown in a mould
and of such shape and dimensions as to fit easily within the open month or neck G¹
of the bulb or globe G..
a¹ a¹ are holes formed in the lower end of the cup a by means of the hand tool b
shown in Figure 26. The hand tool b is made of carbon ог other suitable
material, and is provided with a knob or handle 6. The said tool is provided more-
over at its lower extremity with two points or projections 6 preferably metallic, the
object of which is to punch the said holes a¹. This is done by heating the round
closed end of the cup a in a glass blower's flame and inserting the hand tool b
(which is made to fit) on the said cup a and pressing it down by means of the knob
or handle b until the said tool being accurately guided by the walls of the cup, the
punctures a¹ are made by the points or projections 6; the tool b is then with-
drawn.
c, c are pieces of copper wire or other suitable material, vertically bored at their
lower ends for the insertion of two small short pieces of wire d, preferably platinum,
which are fused, brazed, or otherwise rigidly secured herein. ee are small tubes or
sockets preferably formed of platinum and of suitable shape to fit easily over the
wires d which are inserted rigidly into about half the length of said tubes. E is the
filament whose upper ends are to be inserted in the lower ends of the tubes e and
held by cement or other suitable means. f is a jig or holder made of any suitable
material, the hollow cap portion of which fits accurately over the open top or mouth
of the cup a and is provided with a central opening f. ff are vertical tubes
extending upward from the said jig or holder and firmly attached to or forming part
of the latter. The said tubes are closed at the top, and open at the bottom into the
cap portion of the jig or holder f.
The wires d are rigidly secured in the ends of the wires c which are inserted in
the tubes f of the jig or holder f, as shown in Figure 23. The jig or holder f is
then placed above the cup a as shown in Figure 23 and then moved down upon it,
as shown in Figure 24 the wires d entering and projecting through the perforations a¹
in the said cup. The tubes or sockets e are then placed upon the lower ends of the
wires d, and the lower end of the cup u is submitted to the glass blower's flatne until
the glass has been properly fused around the said wires d after which plaster of
Paris or other cement g is inserted through the opening f¹ in the jig or holder f in
sufficient quantity to about half fill the cup a as shown in Figure 24 so as to hold
the wires c firmly and accurately in place. The filament E is then attached in the
manner above described. The cup a and filament E are then placed within the
mouth G¹ of the bulb or globe G, the jig or holder f is removed, and the cup a
pushed into the said bulb or globe like a stopper into a bottle until its top is flush
with the top of the mouth of the bulb. The tops or rims of the two are then
submitted to the glass blower's flame, and cemented together. Finally the upper
portion of the open mouth of the cup is filled with cement g as shown in Figure 25
and the lamp is complete as soon as the air within has been exhausted in any
convenient manner. The portions of the wires c extending above the cement g

page_text: serve for forming connection with the lamp-holder and leading to the source
of electricity.
The main advantages of this arrangement are obvious. According to the old
process of constructing and sealing bulbs or flasks of incandescent electric lamps, the
large open mouth of the bulb or flask has to be melted and reduced and rounded out
at the top, while generally the filament is first inserted within the bulb, lying loosely
inside; and when the glass-blower whirls the bulb around in the flame, in sealing,
the filament rolls about upon the inside of the glass until the upper wire terminals
are secured at the top. This frequently damages or strains the delicate filament and
causes many lamps to give out in a short time under the strain of the current.
Again, when the sealing point is at the top, in connecting the wires with the tips and
holders the integrity of the glass around said wires is disturbed and the vacuum is
lost. By means of my invention, the above, and many other; defects and dis-
advantages are obviated. The distance from the points at which the glass cup a
and the wires c intersect is considerable and as the said cup a is filled to the top
with cement, which is flush with the top exposed to the air, the ends of said
wires above the cement have flexibility enough to prevent movement at their lower
ends, while the large amount of cement in the cup a serves also as a conductor to
carry off and absorb the heat from the lower.end of the said cup. The said cup, more-
over, being of a size to fit the mouth of the bulb or flask G, enables the filament
to be accurately centred, thus preventing it from coming into contact with the
sides of. the said bulb or flask as aforesaid. By my construction also, a metallic or
other tip is not required for the lamp, as the upper end is formed accurately in a
mould, and being strongly supported by the cement, the lamp is simply inserted
into the holder and retained therein by the ends of the wires c, being held by a
screw cup within the lamp-holder.
Referring to Figure 27 h represents the dynamo or source of electricity, i¹ the
positive and negative main leads or conductors jjj the sub-leads leading to the
switches or taps kkk and to the lamps E m represents an auxiliary or
resistance wire, and n the resistance coil, while the arrows indicate the direction or
polarity of the current.
In practically carrying out my invention, the dynamo or source of the electric
current may be on the premises to be lighted or may be remote therefrom. In the
circuit which connects the first lamp in the installation the switch or tap k is
turned so as to form contact with the contact piece o thereby closing the circuit
through the lamp land on in the direction of the arrows back to the dynamo or
source. But in the next sub-lead j' the switch or tap k¹ is turned so as to make
or form contact with the contact piece p thus forming connection with the resistance-
lead m, the current from the dynamo or source following the main wire or conductor
and a portion of the said current diverging and following the sub-lead and on
through the switch k, point p and in the direction of the arrows through the resistance
coil n to the dynamo or other source, the amount of current thus diverging being
determined by the said resistance coil n. The action of the current in the next sub-
lead through the switch or tap and contact point or piece p and resistance
lead m is the same as in the sub-lead j. It will be seen that the resistance wire m
commences at the first lamp land terminates at the point where it joins the main
return lead of the system or installation, and this may be one building, or any
number of buildings or installation as may be desired, it being only necessary to
extend the resistance lead m as far as the last lamp in any system or installation and
the size of this wire or lead may be small and only of sufficient capacity to carry the
ampere current required by a single average lamp of the said system or installation ;
that is to say, if the lamps to be used require a current of three amperes the size of
the wire m should be sufficient for a conductive capacity of three amperes, and its
resistance would have to be only equal to the resistance of the lamp when burning,
the current diverging from the main lead only at its point of contact with the sub
leads j.
: : 3.
The principle and result is the same with any number of lamp connections. .

page_text: In the first sub lead; the lamp is in circuit, and if it has a resistance of, say, ten
ohms when burning, the resistance at n would require to be ten ohms. In this case
the resistance in the coil n would be a waste of resistance of 10 ohms, but it would be
no more for a thousand lamps, as, for every lamp turned on, the resistance coil n
would be turned off and the current finds a path back to the dynamo or source
without going through the said resistance coil n; and so in every case where the lamp
is burning. The operation and function of the resistance wire m and resistance coil n
are to balance the resistance to the current when the lamp is turned off by bringing
in momentarily exactly the same resistance as the lamp itself; that is, in turning off
the lamps, ten ohms of resistance must momentarily take the place of the lamp
resistance of ten ohms, the contacts of the switch or key being so arranged as to close
in its movement the circuit through resistance-circuit m before it opens the circuit
through the lamp.
The resistance coil n may be made of wire or of any suitable resistance
material.
When the last lamp in an installation has been turned out, the resistance coil n
may be turned off by opening or breaking the line m at or near the said resistance
coil n at any point between the said resistance coil n and the last lamp turned out.
Before relighting the lamps again the resistance coil n must be turned on.
The arrangement of the sub-leads j, j, ja, the switches h, k, k, the contact
points o, 0, 0, and the lamps 1, 1, as shown in the drawing are similar in each
case.
It is obvious moreover that this part of my said invention may be employed for
other electrical purposes.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
First In a holder for an incandescent electric lamp, the combination of a case
provided with a suitable pin or stul, a tip or cap provided with a flange and rigidly
secured to the globe or bulb, and a ring or sleeve provided with a flange the upper
edge of which is formed irregularly or cam-shaped, substantially as, and for the
purposes, set forth.
Second. In a bolder for an incandescent electric lamp, a case the mouth or
upper end of which is filled with a mass of insulating material in which are secured
lugs for supporting the connecting wires, substantially as, and for the purpose,
described.
Third In a holder for an incandescent electric lamp, a case provided with
perforations whereby access may be had to the connections of the wires, substantially
as, and for the purpose, set forth.
Fourth In an incandescent electric lamp, a tip or cap provided with a flange for
supporting the reflector, the said tip or cap and flange being rigid with the globe or
.bulb, substantially as, and for the purpose, described.
•
Fifth In an incandescent electric lamp, the tip or cap provided with perforations
in its upper end in which are placed tubes rigidly secured to the said tip or cap,
substantially as, and for the purpose, set forth.
Sixth The combination of the tip or cap with the globe or bulb the upper end of
which is a considerable proportionate distance below the top of the said cap, the latter
being made of thin, flexible material, substantially as, and for the purpose,
described.
Seventh-The combination of the metal rods or wires D and the glass tubes
surrounding the same, substantially as, and for the purpose, set forth.
Eighth The combination of the metal rods or wires D, the tubes M, N and the
cement 0, substantially as, and for the purpose, described.
Ninth The metal rods or wires D coated or plated with platinum in combination
with the glass tubes cemented thereon, substantially as, and for the purpose, set
forth.
"

page_text: Tenth The combination of a tube P rigidly secured to the top of the tip or cap
and provided with a perforation P and another tube Q provided with a perforation Q,
substantially as, and for the purpose, described.
Eleventh The sealing tube provided with fusible material or solder having a
suitable passage through the same, substantially as, and for the purpose, set
forth.
•
Twelfth The combination of parts comprising the tip or cap F, the tubes M, P, the
insulating tubes N, the wires D, and the sealing tube Q, substantially as, and for
the purpose, described.
Thirteenth The metal rods or wires D bored at their lower extremities to receive
the upper ends of the filament, the holes being parallel for a portion of their length
and then taper or flaring, substantially as, and for the purpose, set forth.
Fourteenth-The tip or cap in combination with the globe or bulb, the said cap
being provided with insulated conductors for carrying the electric current to the
filament in the said globe or bulb, substantially as, and for the purpose, described.
Fifteenth The rods or wires D formed of conducting material and coated or plated
with platinum, for the purpose set forth.
Sixteenth-The contact-sleeve or rotary switch having part of its circumference
removed from one end to a point near the other end and provided with the legs or
extensions separated by a suitable slot, substantially as, and for the purpose, set
forth.
Seventeenth-The contact-sleeve or rotary switch provided with a shoulder or
projection in combination with a suitable stop-pin, substantially as, and for the
purpose, described.
Eighteenth-The combination of the contact-sleeve provided with the legs or
extensions, and the key-pin rigidly secured to the said sleeve, substantially as, and
for the purpose, set forth.
Nineteenth The combination of the contact-sleeve provided with the legs or
extensions, and the screw-post or terminal, substantially as, and for the purpose,
described.
Twentieth-The combination of the contact-sleeve provided with the legs or
extensions, and the stud for introducing the current to the said sleeve, substantially as,
and for the purpose, set forth.
Twenty first The combination of parts comprising the case A, the studs W, X, Y, Z,
the contact-sleeve, the key-pin and the stop-pin all constructed and arranged
substantially as, and for the purpose, described.
Twenty second-The combination, with the bulb or globe, of the open-mouthed cup
adapted to fit easily into the mouth of the said bulb and secured at its rim to the rim
or upper edge of the said tulb, substantially as, and for the purpose, set
forth.
Twenty third The combination of the bulb, the open-mouthed cup provided with
the perforations, the cement, and the wires, arranged substantially as, and for the
purpose, described.
Twenty fourth-The combination of the cup a and the wires c, d, the said wires d
extending through the bottom of the said cup and being secured therein, substantially
as, and for the purpose, set forth.
Twenty fifth-The hereinbefore described improved incandescent electric lamp
consisting of the bulb, the perforated cup, the cement, the wires, the tubes and the
filament, substantially as, and for the purpose, described.
Twenty sixth-The improved method or process of constructing an incandescent
electric lamp, consisting in securing the wires d in the ends of the wires c passing
them through the perforations in the bottom of the cup a fusing the said bottom
around the said wires d, partially filling the said cup with cement, attaching the
filament to the said wires d, inserting the cup and filament in the bulb, fusing the
rins or upper edges of the said cup and bulb together, and then filling the said cup
with cement and exhausting the air from the lamp thus forme:1, substantially as, and
for the purpose, set forth,

page_text: Twenty seventh-The system of circuits, connections and resistances, substantially
as herein before described and for the purpose set forth.
Twenty eighth-The system of wiring and circuits described, consisting of the main
leads or conductors, a series of sub-leads provided with switches or taps, the resistance
coil and an auxiliary or resistance wire provided with contact points, arranged
substantially as described and for the purpose set forth.
Twenty ninth-The improved incandescent electric lamp constructed substantially
as described with reference to either of the forms or modifications illustrated in the
accompanying drawings.
.
T
1000
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, Agents for the Applicant.