Improvements in and relating to Domestic Ovens.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 19th July, 1894
Complete Specification Left, 19th Apr., 1895-Accepted, 8th June, 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Domestic Ovens.
We WILLIAM BARRACLOUGH and ALBERT RHODES, Ironfounders, both of
Providence Foundry, Stanningley, in the County of York, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to those domestic ovens where the bottom of the fire is
lower than the bottom of the oven or ovens, and has for its principal object to
effect the heating of each oven on every available surface thereof by means of hot
currents which traverse its flues in upcast and horizontal directions only from first
to last in contra-distinction to those arrangements of oven flues wherein the current
ascends in some of its chambers and descends in others. By covering the three
upright sides of each oven with flues of an upcast construction we are enabled to
obtain a satisfactory circulation of heat throughout the whole of the enveloping
flues in cases where the natural draught of the chimney is too feeble to overcome
descending oven flues.
When such ovens as above described are surrounded with chambers in which the
heat requires to travel in opposite directions-up and down-they cannot be heated
satisfactorily if the draught in the chimney is at all weak or defective.
In carrying out this invention upon the oven of a Yorkshire or Newcastle
range having a back boiler the side of the oven which adjoins the fire is divided
into and covered with two or more compartments or chambers. The lowest of
these compartments is a stagnant hot air chamber formed between the saddle plate
attached to the oven bottom the fire side plate and a horizontal midfeather or
flange fitted from front to back of the oven and above the level of the boiler.
A second horizontal midfeather parallel to and above the one last named is fitted
upon the same side of the oven and near to the top. This last named midfeather
is continued round the rear angle of the oven and extends along the back of it
forming a roof to the back flue of the oven. Above the uppermost midfeather on
the fire side of oven the hot plate of the "hollow top" forms the extreme top
boundary.of the flues on that side and the space between these two last named
plates is divided front to back by means of a vertical midfeather which converts
the flue space into two compartments the front one being accessible from the flue
chamber beneath it through a cut-away part of the horizontal midfeather which is
closed or opened 'by means of a flap or damper and the back compartment is open
to the oven top for cleaning purposes; this latter part is accessible from the 'fire
side through a soot door which can be removed:
i
The oven side plate which adjoins the fire is continued backward beyond the
oven and unites with the upright plate or wall which defines the flue boundary
tbehind the oven. The principal enclosed flue on fire side is open at the back to
the flue behind the oven from whence it receives the heat current. The "bollow-
top" or hot plate which is erected upon the oven top is of an ordinary kind but
encloses two vertical midfeathers within the chamber which is formed by it above
the oven.
One of these midfeathers is the vertical one previously described, upon
the fire side, which unites with the hot plate the other projects from the back of the
"hollow-top" towards the front of it part way only across the oven, top. These
two midfeathers form an inclosure within the "hollow-top" and constitute the base
of the outlet flue; the outlet opening for the escapement of the hot current from
T

page_text: the oven to the chimney is formed in the hot plate immediately above this
enclosure. The position of this enclosure upon the oven top is at the back
corner on the side which is nearest to the fire, and is open at the front to the flue
within which it is formed.
The purpose which this enclosure is designed to serve is the diversion of the
beat currents which circulate upon the oven top, causing them to travel over and
heat the whole surface of the oven top before they escape through the outlet above
and within the aforesaid enclosure.
The flue behind the oven and that on the side farthest removed from the fire are
sometimes defined like that adjoining the fire by metal plates instead of being
partially formed with bricks or stone. When there is no back boiler, there is no
stagnant heat chamber on the fire side but the principal flue there occupies the
whole surface of the oven on that side.
The manner in which the heat circulates throughout these flues in upcast
horizontal and ascending courses is as follows:-
The heat which proceeds from the fire to the chamber immediately beneath the
oven, passes thence into two flues; back and side. That portion of heat which
enters the side flue farthest removed from the fire ascends immediately to the
"hollow-top" which roofs in the oven; there it is diverted by one of the midfeathers
towards the opening admitting to the aforesaid enclosure into which it enters and
from whence it obtains exit through the hot plate into the outlet flue.
The heat which enters the back flue cannot proceed thence directly to the
"bollow-top" as the back flue is roofed in by the flange or midfeather before
named it proceeds into the flue covering the fire side of oven, passing thence in
an upward direction through the cut-away part of the upper horizontal midfeather
into the "hollow-top" where it unites with the current previously described, and
passing through the aforesaid enclosure finds escapement into the outlet flue. The
directions taken by the heat currents are upwards and horizontal only.
The oven
is ventilated by means of a steam escapement pipe proceeding from the hinder part
thereof into a back flue or in any ordinary manner.
Dated this Eighteenth day of July 1894.
JOSEPH LOCKWOOD,
263, Argyle Street, Glasgow, Agent for the Applicants..
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Domestic Ovens.
We WILLIAM BARRACLOUGH and ALBERT RHODES, Ironfounders, both of
Providence Foundry, Stanningley, in the County of York, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :- ;
It relates to those domestic ovens where the bottom of the fire is lower than
the bottom of the oven and has for its principal object to effect the heating of
each oven on every available surface thereof by means of hot currents which
traverse the flues in upcast directions from first to last in contra-distinction .to
those arrangements of oven flues wherein the current ascends in some of its
chambers and descends in others.
This invention will be better understood if reference is made to the accompanying
drawings, in which;
Figure 1 is a back view in perspective of a domestic oven made in accordance
with this invention.
Figure 2 is a back view in perspective of the domestic oven shewn in Fig. 1
but with the outside plates and hollow-top" or hot plate removed.

page_text: Figure 3 is a view of the hot-plate for the oven shewn in Fig. 2.
Figure 4 is a back view in perspective of a domestic oven similar to that shewn
in Fig. 1 but combined with a boiler.
Figure 5 is a back view in perspective of the oven and boiler shewn in Fig. 4
with oven top and side plates removed.
66
Figure 6 is a back view in perspective of the oven shewn in Fig. 4 with the
hollow-top" lifted up and the side plates removed shewing the midfeathers which
define the flues on the top back and fire side of oren.
Similar letters of reference and numerals upon the drawings indicate corre-
sponding parts.
Referring to these drawings A represents the front fire bars, B the fire bottom
grate, C the hot plate for oven top, D the flue plate behind oven, E the flue
plate adjoining the fire, F the saddle plate, G a damper and H a back boiler :
J represents the side of oven farthest removed from the fire and K, K the front
plate of oven.
The flue sides D and J are defined either by metal plates, bricks, stone or
other building materials: when they are formed with metal plates the structure is
called a "self-setting oven.
33
The ovens shewn in Figs. 1 and 4 represent Yorkshire or Newcastle ovens of
the type called "self-setting," having all their heating flues boxed in with metal
plates. When these sides or flue boundaries D and J are formed with brickwork
instead of metal plates the structure is called a "building-in" oven.
The hot-plate C is made variously, sometimes with the pendent sides c and
sometimes without them when the side plates E, D, J, K are united to the hot
plate C they take the place of the pendent strips c*.
:
'
In Fig. 6 the parts marked c'; d' and e¹ represent the top and two sides of
oven: K represents the front plate of oven and a small cleaning door; e is a
stagnant air chamber formed on the oven side e between the midfeather and
saddle plate F; is a flue formed between the horizontal midfeathers e³ and eª;
c is a vertical midfeather above e and c¹: G represents a damper pivotted to K
and for opening and closing the flue e; d is a continuation behind the oven
of the horizontal midfeather e, and c is a vertical midfeather resting upon c¹
and the space formed upon the oven top between 3 and is the outlet flue into
which all the heat currents converge as indicated by the arrows in these drawings.
The exact position of the horizontal midfeather Fig. 6 upon the oven side e
is determined chiefly by the height, or presence, of the boiler H Figs. and 5.
When there is no boiler adjoining the oven the midfeather e' can be made to
rest upon the saddle F and the flue space e then covers the whole side, e¹, of the
oven, the cleaning door being always placed on a level with e. The opening c
in the hot plate C affords escapement from the outlet flue formed on oven top
between and e³ for the hot currents proceeding to the chimney: and the space
Figs. 3 and 4 covered by the door Fig. 1 affords access for cleaning some of
the flues.
The brickwork h¹, Figs. 1 and 2, forms the fire back when there is no back
boiler H Figs. 4 and 5 as above described.
The circulation of heat proceeding from the fire chamber formed between A, B, H,
(or ) passes under the saddle plate F as shewn by the arrows 1 and 2 to the flue
space beneath the oven and then divides; part of it proceeding to the side flue
at J farthest removed from the fire and part of it entering the flue behind the
oven covering the side d' and proceeding thence into and through the flue et and
unites under the hot-plate C with the current proceeding from the flue on the
side J; these two currents combine as they enter the outlet flue beneath the
opening ct.
The hot current which proceeds up the side D, d', and through et is controlled by
the damper G.
The directions in which this combination of midfeathers with a domestic oven

page_text: compels the hot currents in the flues formed thereby to proceed are upwards and
onwards only; not downwards.
We are aware that domestic ovens have been made prior to our invention, having
flues formed by metal plates or otherwise upon the sides C, D, E, J, and under-
neath them, having midfeathers and dampers therein for diverting and controlling
the heat currents, also having cleaning or soot doors and outlet chambers in rear
corners on fire side; also saddle plates, boilers and brick or metal backs to the
fire spaces it will therefore be understood that we do not claim any of these things
broadly as our invention.
:
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that
what we claim is :
First. In a domestic oven the combination therewith of the several flues upon
the sides c¹, d', and e¹ all substantially as herein described and drawn or any more
modification thereof for the purposes specified.
Second. In a domestic oven the combination with the flues formed upon the top
back and fire sides thereof of the midfeathers c², c, d, eª and e' all substantially
as herein described and drawn or any mere modification thereof for the purposes
specified.
Third. In
a domestic oven the combination therewith of the flues and flue
devices all substantially as herein described and drawn or any mere modification
thereof for the purposes specified.
Dated this 18th day of April 1895.
JOSEPH LOCKWOOD,
263, Argyle Street, Glasgow, Agent for the Applicants.
JOSEPH LOCKWOOD,
263, Argyle Street, Glasgow, Agent for the Applicants.