IMPROVEMENTS IN JOINT FASTENINGS OR SOCKETS FOR PARAFFIN LAMPS AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Craig, of Belfast, in the County of Antrim,
in Ireland, Ironmonger, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN JOINT
FASTENINGS OR SOCKETS FOR PARAFFIN LAMPS AND OTHER ARTICLES."
Scaled the 30th September 1870, and dated the 4th April 187
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Craig at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th April 1870.
JAMES CRAIG, of Belfast, in the County of Antrim, in Ireland, Ironmonger.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN JOINT FASTENINGS OR SOCKETS FOR PARAFFIN LAMPS AND
OTHER ARTICLES."
My Invention relates chiefly to the connection of the bowl or fountain with the
pillar or stand of a paraffin lamp, which I accomplish by the aid of mechanical
contrivances in lieu of cements. For this purpose I employ a ring or socket
having perforations or slots, through or from which snugs, tongues, springs, or
tumbling bars pass or fall into corresponding notches, recesses, depressions, or
grooves in the spud or pin of the lamp bowl or fountain.
The socket I have described is enclosed within a second socket, which covers
and holds the snugs, tongues, springs, or tumbling bars in the notches, recesses,
depressions, or grooves of the spud or pin, and which may be furnished with a
threaded end, shaft, or bolt, to be screwed into the lamp pillar or stand.
It will be understood that the same object inay be accomplished by various
modifications of the mechanical contrivance I have described, such as a snug,
tongue, pin, or spring, upon the spud or pin of the bowl or fountain passing into
or along a slot or groove in the ring or socket, and held in position by a second
socket or other mechanical contrivance.
My Invention will also be applicable to other articles in which glass, porcelain,
and other vitreous, ceramic, or fictile substances, are jointed, fastened, or attached
to each other or to metallic substances.

page_text: J
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said James Craig in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 3rd October
1870.
JAMES CRAIG, of Belfast, in the County of Antrim, in Ireland, Ironmonger.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN JOINT FASTENINGS OR SOCKETS FOR PARAFFIN LAMPS AND
OTHER ARTICLES."
The said Invention has for its object the connection by mechanical contrivances
instead of cementitious substances of the bowl or fountain with the pillar or stand
of a paraffin lamp, and of many articles in which glass, porcelain, and other
vitreous, ceramic, or fictile substances, are jointed, fastened, or attached to, or
connected or coupled with, substances of the same or a similar or a metallic nature
or base, and where cementitious substances if employed would be liable to disin-
tegration or destruction by the action of the paraffin oil or other solvent to which
they may be exposed.
My Invention consists in the use of snugs, tongues, springs, tumbling bars, or
clips, which pass or fall into notches, recesses, depressions, or grooves in spuds or
pins formed upon the articles intended to be jointed, fastened, attached, or other-
wise connected or coupled together without the aid of any of the cementitious
substances ordinarily employed for those purposes, and which snugs, tongues,
springs, tumbling bars, or clips are secured in position by means of a ring or
socket which forms a case or covering for the joint, fastening, attachment, or
connection.
In order to apply my Invention to the connection of the bowl or fountain with
the pillar or stand of a paraffin lamp a transverse notch, recess, depression, or
groove, is cut or formed on each side of or around the stud or pin at the bottom of
the bowl or fountain, and which is commonly cemented into the pillar or stand of
the lamp.
In conjunction with the spud or pin so cut or formed, as above mentioned,
I employ a ring or socket having a perforation or slot, or perforations or slots,
through or from which or each of which a snug, tongue, spring, or tumbling bar,
passes or falls into the corresponding or correlative notch, recess, depression, or
groove of the spud or pin.
The ring or socket I have just described, and which I may call the "perforated
or slotted socket," is enclosed within a second or external ring or socket, which
covers and secures the snugs, tongues, springs, or tumbling bars, in their position
within the notches, recesses, depressions, or grooves of the spud or pin on the
bowl or fountain; and both the sockets may be threaded, so that the "external
socket" shall be screwed to or upon the "perforated or slotted socket."
A prolonged and threaded end, shaft, or bolt, upon the "external socket" or
upon the "perforated or slotted socket" and passing through the "external socket"
is provided, so as to be screwed into the pillar or stand of the lamp, or to be con-
nected with it by means of an internally threaded coupling.
I also employ a simpler and less costly appliance than I have above described,
and dispense with the use of the "perforated or slotted socket," for which I
substitute a clip consisting of a disc or ring of metal furnished with snugs, tongues,
or springs, which are attached at right angles thereto, and are bent at the opposite
extremity, so as to form concave curves that will correspond with and fit into the
notches, recesses, depressions, or grooves of the spud or pin on the bowl or fountain
of the lamp. Through a perforation in the disc or ring I pass a screwed bolt
having a head of the same diameter as the disc or ring and notched or recessed to
admit the snugs, tongues, or springs, which rise therefrom above it. I prefer to
construct the disc or ring and bolt head according to the form known as the ball

page_text: and socket, but the saine may also be flat. I provide a closely fitting. ring to
encircle the snugs, tongues, or springs, and maintain them in position; and I
enclose the disc or ring carrying thic snugs, tongues, or springs, and the encircling
ring by an external or ornamental socket, which is screwed on to the beforc-
mentioned bolt. These appliances may be attached to the pillar or stand of the
lamp by means of a screwed socket thereon to receive the before-mentioned bolt,
or to receive the external or ornamental socket, which would accordingly be
threaded with a view to that arrangement; or by means of a screwed coupling to
receive the before-mentioned bolt and a similar bolt provided at the top of the
pillar or stand of the lamp, the application whereof to the "external socket” or to
the "perforated or slotted socket" I have already described.
The disc or ring, and the snugs, tongues, or springs, with the concave curves
thereon (constituting the "clip") are cut or formed in the piece out of sheet metal
by the aid of a punch which I have constructed for the purpose, and the snugs,
tongues, or springs are afterwards turned up at right angles to the plane of tho
disc or ring
I may also dispense with the encircling ring used in the arrangement lastly
described to maintain the snugs, tongues, or springs of the clip in position, and
may construct the external or ornamental socket so as to fulfil the same office as
the encircling ring; or I may construct the screwed coupling, where it is employed,
so as to maintain the snugs, tongues, springs, and tumbling bars or clips in
position, and thus render unnecessary both the encircling ring and the external or
ornamental socket, or one of them.
It will be understood that the same object may be accomplished by various
modifications of the mechanical contrivances I have described; such as by pro-
viding the spud or pin of the bowl or fountain of the lamp with a snug, tongue,
pin, or spring, which would pass into a slot or groove cut or formed in the ring or
socket, and would be held in position by an external socket or other equivalent
mechanical contrivance. And by the same means as those which I have described
as applied by me to the bowl or fountain of a paraffin lamp other similar articles
may be securely jointed, fastened, or attached to or connected with a pillar or
stand, or to or with objects or articles of glass and porcelain, or other vitreous,
ceramic, or fictile substances.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, I would have it to be understood that I do not claim the
use of snugs, tongues, springs, or tumbling bars, or of rings or sockets, or of clips,
or of spuds, or pins, or of notches, recesses, depressions, or grooves, except when
the same are constructed specially and employed as herein described; nor do I
claim the use of screwed or threaded bolts or couplings, nor of any of the separate
mechanical parts which form the compound joint, fastening, socket, connection,
or coupling used by me, but I claim,-
First. The use in paraffin lamps and articles of glass, porcelain, or other similar
substances of joint fastenings, connections, or couplings constructed and employed
substantially as herein-before described.
Secondly. The use in joint fastenings, connections, or couplings for articles of
glass, porcelain, or other similar substances, of snugs, tongues, springs, tumbling
bars, and clips, constructed and employed substantially as herein-before described.
Thirdly. Tho use in joint fastenings, connections, or couplings for articles of
glass, porcelain, or other similar substances, of rings and sockets, constructed and
employed substantially as herein-before described.
Fourthly. The construction and application of joint fastenings, connections, or
couplings for articles of glass, porcelain, or other similar substances, such as havo
been described in the manner and for the purposes herein-before mentioned and
set forth.
And, Fifthly. The combination and arrangement of parts constituting the
compound joint fastenings, connections, or couplings herein-before described, con-

page_text: structed and applied substantially in the manner and for the purposes herein-before
mentioned and set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Craig, have hereunto set my hand and
scal, this Thirtieth day of September, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-six.
Signed and sealed in the
presence of
HUGH HYNDMAN,
Belfast,
Solicitor.
JAMES UIIG. (L.S.)