UTILIZING DISTILLED OR BURNED SHALE OR "BLAES" AND MANUFACTURING ARTICLES AND CEMENT THEREFROM
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Lucas Paterson and Thomas Inglis Scott, both of
Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain for an Invention of
**UTILIZING DISTILLED OR BURNED SHALE OR "BLAES" AND MANUFACTURING
ARTICLES AND CEMENT THEREFROM
"
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Lucas Paterson
and Thomas Inglis Scott at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on
the 11th October 1882.
"
THOMAS LUCAS PATERSON and THOMAS INGLIS SCOTT, both of Glasgow in the
County of Lanark, North Britain, · UTILIZING DISTILLED OR BURNED SHALE OR
รา
BLAES AND MANUFACTURING ARTICLES AND CEMENT THEREFROM"
.
This invention which relates to the utilization of distilled or burned shale or
what is sometimes known as "blaes" consists in the conversion of the same into
bricks, blocks, slabs or tiles for building, paving, roofing, pipes and for analogous
purposes also for the manufacture of pottery and cement.
In order to convert the said distilled or burned shale, or "blaes" into the afore-
mentioned, articles or their analogues it is ground or reduced to a pulverulent
condition and in that condition is mixed with a proportion of Portland or an
equivalent cement or lime or chalk-for example one fifth part of cement, lime or
chalk to the quantity of distilled or burned shale or "blaes."-Water is then added
to the mixture of substances which in a plastic state is placed in moulds wherein
it is allowed to remain until set.
A mixture of distilled or burned shale or "blaes" with cement, lime or
chalk
may also be used as a cement after being mixed with water in the usual manner of
employing cements when it may be laid over any surface and used for such purposes
as cements are ordinarily employed for.-It being especially adapted for covering
roofs as a substitute for slates, or it may be used for flooring or pavement.
The said mixture of substances may also be mixed with sand and fired and with
or without lime in which case it also forms a cement.
The said mixture of substances may also be used for the manufacture of pottery
in which case it is submitted to the action of fire in kilns or ovens.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent_filed
by the said Thomas Lucas Paterson and Thomas Inglis Scott in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 10th April 1883.
THOMAS LUCAS PATERSON and THOMAS INGLIS SCOTT, both of Glasgow, in the
County of Lanark, North Britain "UTILIZING DISTILLED OR BURNED SHALE On
"BLAES" AND MANUFACTURING ARTICLES AND CEMENT THEREFROM"
."
Our said Invention which relates to the utilization of distilled or burned shale
or what is sometimes known as "blaes," especially the shale or blaes" used in
the production of paraffin or mineral oils consists in the conversion of the same into
bricks, blocks, slabs, or tiles for building, paving, roofing and for analogous
purposes without the necessity of firing the said articles in ovens or kilns, also for
the manufacture of such articles or vessels which are usually classed as pottery, as
well as for making Cement.
In order to convert tlie said distilled or burned shale. or "blaes" into the afore-
mentioned articles or their analogues it is ground or reduced to a pulverulent
condition and in that condition is mixed with a proportion of Portland or an
equivalent cement or lime for example one fifth part of cement or lime to the
quantity of distilled or burned shale or "blaes." Water is then added to the
mixture of these substances which in a plastic state is placed in moulds wherein it
is allowed to remain until set.-The moulds being of such shapes and dimensions
'as the articles to be formed may require.
A mixture of the aforesaid distilled or burned shalo or "blaes" with ceinent or
lime may also be used as a cement after being mixed with water in the usual
.manner of employing cements, (that is to say without being moulded in separate
moulds), when it may be laid over any surface and used for such purposes as
cements are ordinarily employed for.-It being especially adapted for covering
roofs as a substitute for slates, or it may be used for flooring or pavement.
1
The said mixture of substances may also be commingled with sand and fired and
with or without Portland or an equivalent cement or lime in which case it also
forms a cement suitable for some purposes..
The mixture of substances, namely, the pulverized shale with the admixture of
sand and of Portland or other cement or lime must be intimately commingled
together and to effect this either the wet, semi-wet, or dry method as adopted for
producing ordinary Portland cement may be employed.
In the wet method the materials are intimately commingled together through·
the agency of water in a wash-mill which may consist of a circular trough or
washing way having a series of stirrors rotated or agitated in the liquid mass such
as are commonly used in the manufacture of Portland cement.-From the wash-
mill the commingled materials are led to reservoirs commonly called "backs".
where the mass is allowed to settle and the water drained off' as far as possible.--
The mass being thus deprived of the excess of water is placed upon drying plates
whereon it forms into hard cakes.-The burning of the dried mass is the next
'operation and to effect this, it is preferred to use a kiln, preferably a continuous
kiln of the Hoffman type, the essential features of which, as is well known, consists
in the construction of a series of chambers and connecting flues surrounding a high
chimney to which they are connected by the well known Hoffman arrangement of
flues, having the necessary valvular or damper arrangement for controlling them,
that is to say, connecting them or disconnecting them with or from each othor in
continuity or with the chimney as becomes necessary.
After the operation of burning as hereinbefore described the cement may bo

page_text: ground into a fine powder when the said powder is ready to be packed away or
used at once by the addition of water to produce a plastic mass fit for hydraulic
cementing purposes or for moulding into various articles without further burning
or as a substitute for the purposes for which Portland or analogous cements are
ordinarily used.
In the semi-wet method the commingled ingredients are preferably passed
between horizontal mills in a semi-plastic state and from the said mills the mass
may be placed directly upon the drying Bloors, the decanting process as herein-
before referred to being rendered unnecessary by this process
In the dry method, the shale with the other substances is reduced and commingled
together without the aid of water by a pan mill or other suitable machinery which
grinds or reduces the materials into a very fine state of division and in order to
forin the material thus ground into bricks, for example it is necessary to moisten
the mixture so as to enable it to be moulded after which the moulded articles are
allowed to set until quite hard. The mixture of substances may also be used for
the manufacture of pottery in which case the operation consists in grinding together
the materials and adding water to form a pasty mass when the mass sets within
the moulds of the required shape and the moulded articles such as are herein set
forth or other similarly moulded articles may if necessary be afterwards submitted
to the action of fire in kilns or ovens if necessary.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of our said
Invention, and the system mode or manner in or under which the same is or may
be used or practically carried into effect we would observe in conclusion that what
we consider to be novel and original and therefore claim as the invention secured
to us by the herein before in part recited Letters Patent is.-
The utilization of distilled or burned shale or "blaes" for the production of a
cement by the processes and modifications of the same set forth and the employment
of the said distilled or burned shale or
"blaes "
as a material or the principal
material in the manufacture of Bricks and other articles, as a coating for roofs and
for pottery and other such purposes without or with firing substantially as herein-
before described
In Witness Whereof, I, the said Thomas Inglis Scott, have hereunto set my
hand and seal this sixth day of April in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and eighty-three.