IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SIZEING, OR DRESSING WARPS OR YARNS.
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Moore, of Burnley, in the County of Lancaster;
Cotton Spinner, and Samuel Newberry, of the same Place, Manager, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SIZEING, OR DRESSING
WARPS OR YARNS.".
Sealed the 15th January 1861, and dated the 3rd September 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Moore and Samuel
Newberry at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 3rd September 1860.
We, HENRY MOORE, of Burnley, in the County of Lancaster, Cotton Spinner,.
and SAMUEL NEWBERRY, of the same Place; Manager, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SIZEING OR
DRESSING WARPS OR YARNS," to be as follows:-
The said improvements apply to machines. (howsoever denominated) for
sizeing or dressing warps made by beam or machine warping, in which the
yarn to be sized or dressed is drawn into the machine from a beam or beams,
reel or reels, upon which it has been previously wound. The first of the said.
improvements is for taking up the slack or preserving the tension of the
surplus yarn delivered from the back beams in consequence of. the continued.
rotation of the said back beams after the stoppage of the taking up portion of
the machine. The improvement consists in causing the yarn given off. in

page_text: excess upon such occasions to be depressed or deflected into a pendant loop
between guide rollers or rods, by means of a tension roller resting or pressing
upon the yarn. The loop or portion of yarn so temporarily deflected or
depressed is straightened out, and the tension roller re-elevated upon the
motion of the machine being resumed before the drawing of further supplies
from the back or twist beams. The slack yarn may be taken up in more than
one loop by the use of more than one tension roller, and a rod or other equi-
valent may be substituted for such roller.
The second of the said improvements consists in the application of a break
to a wheel upon the pulley shaft or first cone shaft, or to any other shaft or
wheel through which motion is transmitted to the working parts of the machine
for the purpose of promptly arresting the motion of the machine.
The third improvement consists in the application of self-acting mechanism
for traversing the cone drum strap back from its final to its initial position
upon the drums by reversing the motion of the worm shaft or screw by which
the cone strap guide is traversed for regulating the rotatory speed of the
receiving or taking-up beam upon which the sized warp is wound in readiness
for the loom.
The fourth of the said improvements consists in the use of duplicate or
double rollers or rods in the place of single rods for opening or separating the
threads or ends of the warps, each of such duplicate or double rollers or rods
revolving in contact with its proper and separate portion of the divided warp
which travels over or under it.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said, Henry Moore and Samuel Newberry in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 2nd March 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we; HENRY
MOORE, of Burnley, in the County of Lancaster, Cotton Spinner, and SAMUEL
NEWBERRY, of the same Place, Manager, send greeting.
.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Third day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-fourth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself; Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said Henry Moore and Samuel Newberry, Her special licence that we,
the said Henry Moore and 'Samuel-Newberry, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as we, the said Henry Moore and Samuel New-

page_text: .
"
bury, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR
SIZEING OR DRESSING WARPS OR YARNS," upon the condition (amongst others)
that we, the said Henry Moore and Samuel Newberry, our executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under our or their, or one of our
or their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature-
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters.
.Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Henry Moore and Samuel Newberry,
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement, and the Drawing annexed to and forming
part of this instrument.
Our said Invention has reference generally to machinery for sizeing or
dressing warps or yarns prepared by beam or machine warping, and in which
the yarn so prepared is sized or dressed, dried and beamed simultaneously, or
at one operation. To most of such machines our Invention will be found
either wholly or partially applicable, although with differing degrees of advan-
tage: The machines however of which the improvement is more especially
contemplated, are those varieties or modifications of the old tape sizeing machine
which have recently come into extensive use under the technical appellation
of "slashers."
In the Drawing hereunto annexed we have exhibited in plan and elevation
the arrangement and connection of the most important parts of a machine of
this description, so as to enable us to convey a clear idea of the application of
our several improvements thereto...
We propose to describe the nature and manner of performing, our Invention
solely with reference to the machine here delineated; considering such.descrip-
tion fully adequate and sufficient to the full and clear understanding thereof,
and because, however, any other sizeing machines to which our improvements
or any of them are applicable may vary in construction, still the manner of
applying the improvements will be fully and easily understood. by any com-
petent workman or machinist, from the description and example herein given,
The applicability or comparative advantage of the Invention or of any part

page_text: thereof, in the case of any particular sizeing machine must be determined by
the judgment of the manufacturer or sizer.
Figure 1 of the annexed Drawing is a plan view; and Figure 2 a sidė
elevation, or profile of the principal parts of a sizeing machine of the kind
commonly known as a "slasher;" Figures 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11 are
views of detached parts or illustrations, which will be explained in the progress
of our statement, as occasion requires. The parts of the Figures are referred
to by means of alphabetical and numerical characters marked thereon, and
whenever the same or similar parts are repeated or recur under different
phases or in different Figures, they are marked throughout with similar
reference characters.
A, A, A, A, is the standing frame, which supports the working parts. Many
of the latter not being necessary for this explanation are omitted with a view
to clearness, and the after portion of the frame, which is the receptacle of the
back beams, is broken away to reduce the Drawing within convenient limits,
but it will be understood that the absent portion is merely a continuation of
that which is shewn, and a repetition of the unsized back beams, three of
which are shewn in position; B, B, B, are the back beams, containing the
unsized yarn; C is the size trough; .D is one of the upper squeezing rollers;
and E, F, the drying cylinders; G, G, are guide rollers; H, the drying fan';
K, K, K, split rods; L, the warp beam, upon which the warp is finally
received in its finished state, and upon which it is transferred to the loom ;
M is the first and N the second cone drum, by which the rotatory motion com-
municated to the warp beam L is gradually retarded as the latter is being
filled; O (Figure 1), indicates the fast and loose driving pulleys; P is the
screwed traverse shaft, for traversing the strap guide Q, by which the position
of the cone drum strap upon the drums is governed. The construction and
uses of the foregoing parts are familiar to persons conversant with the sizing
of warps by power, and therefore need little further explanation. The motion
imparted to the driving pulleys at O is not communicated directly to any of the
moving parts of the machine, except the cone drums M, N, the warp beam L,
the traversing screw P, and the drying fan H. The other moving parts,
shewn, are turned only by the friction or adhesion of the yarn passing in
contact with them. A small portion only of the yarn is shewn in the Drawing
in red at Y, Y, Y, Y, the course which it follows in passing through the
machine having its direction indicated by arrows. It is drawn from the back
beams (a portion from each) and passes forward in its undressed state to the
size trough C between the squeezing rollers D, thence in contact with the
steam-heated surfaces of the drying cylinders E, F, and so on, past the drying

page_text: fan H to the warp beam L at the front end of the machine by the winding-on
motion of which solely it is drawn from the back beams and through the
entire machine, to the various parts of which, above enumerated (except the
fan), it imparts motion in its progress. It may be well here to observe that
the rapidity with which the yarn must be supplied to a machine of this descrip-
tion, in order that its capabilities may be turned to most profitable account
necessarily infers a quick rotation of the back beams, and the consequent
acquirement by them of considerable inertia or momentum, the tendency of
which is to cause the back beams to continue their rotation, and to give off
yarn after the other parts of the machine have subsided into a state of rest and
have ceased to take up. The ordinary corrective of this tendency is the appli-
cation of weighted drag ropes or friction bands to the necks of the back beams.
These weights and bands do not appear in the Drawing, because it is one of
the purposes and advantageous results of our Invention to dispense with them,
their effect upon the yarn being prejudicial, inasmuch as the latter is weakened
by being subjected to much extra strain in overcoming the constant retarding
force so applied.
The first of our improvements enables us to dispense with the drag weights,
before mentioned, by temporarily taking up the surplus yarn unduly delivered,
in consequence of the continued rotation or overrunning of the back beams
after the stoppage of the taking-up part of the machine. It consists in a
method of causing the yarn given off in excess to be depressed or deflected
into a loop or loops between stationary guide rollers by means of a tension
roller, the loop or temporarily deflected portion of yarn being gradually
retaken up by the machine upon the renewal of its motions. To effect this
improvement we proceed in the following manner :-Between the back beams
and the sizeing trough we place two fixed guide rollers a, b, (Figures 1 and 2),
over which the yarn passes and upon which it rests. Between the guido rollers
a, b, we interpose a loose or fluctuating tension roller c resting upon and sup
ported by the yarn. So long as the yarn is duly extended the roller c retains
the position shewn in the Drawing. The necks or pivots of the roller c are
confined in vertically slotted guides c', c', attached to the side framing of the
machine, so that the roller c is free to descend vertically when the yarn, being
given off in superabundance becomes slack and yields under the pressure of
the weight thereof. The mode of action requires little explanation, it being at
once apparent, that upon the stoppage of the taking-up motion the roller c
will in consequence of the slackening of the yarn descend in the slotted guides
c, c, carrying with it the slack yarn in the form of a loop until the inertia of
the back beams being exhausted the further descent of the roller is checked

page_text: by the yarn. The position assumed by the roller c under these circumstances
may be supposed to be represented by the dotted red lines in Figure 2, or in the
sectional diagram, Figure 3, which represents separately the relative positions
of the three rollers. If the machine were now again set in motion the effect
would be, first, to take up the loop in the yarn, and to elevate the roller c to
its original position, and this being done to renew suddenly the rotation of the
back beams. The inertia of the latter, under these circumstances, operating
to resist this sudden restoration of motion, the yarn would undergo a detri-
mental degree of strain in overcoming it. To prevent this sudden jerk or
strain upon the yarn we furnish one end of each of the rollers a and b, with a
small pulley a, b, and gear the pulleys together by a small belt d, so that the
one roller shall be necessarily accompanied in its motions by the other. We
also make the roller a of smaller diameter than the roller b. The effect of
this arrangement is as follows:-The motion of the yarn causes the roller b
to revolve, and the latter through the pulleys b¹, a', and belt d, transfers a
portion of its motion to the roller a, influencing the latter to rotate with the
same angular velocity as itself. The roller a being, however, of smaller diameter
than the roller b, will have with the same angular a less surface velocity. Its
motion will at first be retarded by the yarn in contact with it, which (the loop
not being yet taken up) is not in motion. The roller a will, however, by the
motion imparted, as before mentioned, begin to draw off yarn from the back
beams with a small initial velocity, which will gradually be increased as the
inertia of the beams is overcome. The yarn thus brought forward by the
roller a will be added to the loop, in which the tension roller c is suspended;
so that the loop will be lengthened at that end, it being nevertheless simulta-
neously shortened in a greater degree at the other. For inasmuch as the
surface velocity of the roller a can never be so great as that of the roller b
there will always be a quantity of motion amounting to the difference between
the two operating to absorb gradually the slack yarn of the loop, whereby the
'yarn will be at length gradually restored to its due state of tension, and resume
its progress through the machine without the exertion of any sudden strain
upon or the infliction of any injurious check from the back beams, the latter
having in the mean time had their motion restored by the gradually accelerated
traction of the yarn under the operation of the roller a.
It is evident that instead of the rollers a and b being made of different
sizes, the same effect may be produced by varying the sizes of the pulleys
a', b. We have assigned no particular dimensions or proportions to the
rollers or pulleys, but we may state that the pulleys being equal, we have
made the roller a of two and a half inches, and the roller 6 of three inches in

page_text: diameter respectively with success; we consider, however, that some latitude
may safely be allowed in this matter. It is scarcely necessary to observe, that
more than one tension roller might be employed to take the yarn up in more
than one loop if necessary, additional guide rollers being interposed between
the loops.
The ultimate advantages resulting from this improvement are, firstly, the
dispensing with the drag upon the back beams, whereby the yarn is relieved
from the greatest part of the strain which it undergoes in the sizeing machine
of ordinary construction. The warps are in consequence transferred to the
loom with their pristine strength and elasticity unimpaired, and therefore in
better condition for enduring the action of the loom in the subsequent process
of weaving; and, secondly, that the machine can be worked at a considerably
greater speed, and will turn off more work than those of the usual con-
struction.
The second of our said improvements is for the purpose of promptly arresting
the motion of the machine when requisite. It consists in the application of a
friction break to a wheel or pulley upon one of the principal driving shafts;
by preference upon the first cone shaft according to the arrangement which
we have shewn in the Drawing at Figure 1, and in the detached Figure 4, as
being the mode of application which we consider most convenient. The
detached view, Figure 4, is a profile taken from the interior of the machine
looking towards the driving pulley side of the machine. e is a wheel keyed
on the first cone shaft M¹; f is the friction break suspended from a stud fi
in the frame side. In form and construction the break f resembles the break
usually applied to power looms; it is connected by a draw rod f to the
ordinary setting-on lever O¹ at a point a little above the fulcrum O thereof;
so that when the said lever is drawn in the direction proper for shifting the
driving strap from the fast to the loose pulley, the motion thereof will, through
the rod f, draw the break f into contact with the wheel e sufficiently close
and forcible to stop instantaneously the rotation of the first cone shaft upon
which the wheel is fixed, and therewith all the motion of the machine. The
break is released upon reversing the motion of the lever O¹ in restoring the
driving strap to the fast pulley. The construction of this break might be
varied by using the force of a spring or weight to press it against the wheel e;
the application being still governed by the motions of the lever O'; but we
prefer the arrangement here. shewn as being more simple and direct, and
equally efficient.
Our third improvement consists of a self-acting apparatus for traversing the
cone drum strap back from its final to its initial position upon the drums, an

page_text: operation which has usually to be performed manually upon every occasion of
removing the filled warp beam, and replacing it by an empty one.
Our improved apparatus or mechanism is delineated in Figures 1 and 2,
and in the detached Figures 5, 6, and 7, Figure 5 being a general side view
of the parts divested for greater distinctness of the adjacent framing and other
matters not immediately appertaining to them, and Figure 6 being a view of
the spring handle s taken at right angles to that presented by Figures 2.
and 5. In Figures 1, 2, and 5, M and N being the cone drums, and Q¹ the.
drum belt, it is to be understood that the latter is slided or traversed along
the former as the warp beam is being filled by means of the strap guide Q,
which is suspended from or attached to a nutt, through which the screwed
traverse shaft P works. On beginning to fill a beam, the strap guide Q is
placed near that end of the shaft, P, which is adjacent to the wider end of the
first cone drum M, and as the beam fills, the strap guide and belt are slowly
traversed towards the other end of the drum by the rotation of the screwed
shaft P. For this purpose the shaft P is turned slowly by means of a ratchet
wheel P¹, driven by a click P³, carried by one arm of a lever P³, which
vibrates on a stud P in the framing, its opposite arm being actuated by a
small cam R¹ upon one of the shafts R, through which motion is transmitted
to the warp beam. P³ is the detaining click or detent of the ratchet wheel
P¹; it is mounted on a stud at P. By the time the warp beam is filled the
belt Q will have been traversed over a certain part of the length of the cone
drums, and will require to be brought back to its original position upon
beginning to fill a fresh beam. This is usually done by lifting the clicks
Ps and P³ out of gear with the ratchet wheel, and then reversing the ordinary
motion of the screwed shaft P by means of a small winch handle with which
one of its ends is provided for that purpose. It is the performance of this
operation of bringing back the cone drum belt to its proper initial position by
automatic means which is the object of the part of our Invention now under
notice, and the mechanical appliances or apparatus for effecting which we are
now about to describe.
On the end of the screwed traverse shaft P we place fast and loose pulleys p
and p (Figure 1).. On the end of the first cone shaft we fix a fast pulley,m',
and we gear these pulleys together by a band or driving belt s.
For shifting
the belts upon the pulleys p and p¹, a strap guide s¹ branches from a spring
handle s² bolted to the lower part of the framing. is a bracket with a guide
slot and detent for retaining the spring handle s² in the positions corresponding
with the respective pulleys p and p¹. The end of the detaining click or
detent Ps, which is nearest to the driving click P2, is prolonged and turned

page_text: upward under the driving click, so that when raised out of gear with the
ratchet wheel, it also lifts the driving click P² out of gear, and sets the ratchet
wheel at liberty. For the purpose of thus raising it occasionally, its opposite
end p is prolonged beyond its stud or fulcrum P. Immediately opposite to
this prolonged end or heel p² of the click P³, and pointing in a direction at
right angles thereto, a lateral horizontal arm s (Figure 6) is carried by the
spring handle. The extremity of the arm s is bevilled on its under side, and
the arm is fixed upon the spring handle at such a height that when the latter
is made to approximate to the side of the machine the bevilled end of the armi
closely overlies and slides in contact with the heel på of the click P³, so as by
the action of its inclined edge or surface to depress the same, and elevate the
opposite end of the click. t is a rod extending across the machine parallel
with and at a short distance from the screwed traverse shaft P; t¹, t,
(Figure 1) are fixed arms extending from the last-mentioned rod, and per-
forated at their extremities so as to permit another rod u to pass through and
slide freely in them endwise. The rod u has its end which is nearest to the
spring handles bevilled laterally, as shewn in the enlarged plan view or
Diagram, Figure-7, and its length and position in the machine are so adjusted,
that upon being pushed or slided towards the spring handle when the latter is
in its detent, or in that position which places the belts upon the fast pulley p,
the bevilled face or vertical inclined surface of the end of the rod u will come
into contact with the spring handle, and lift the latter out of its detent.
Except when performing this office, the rod u is drawn back, and prevented
from interfering with the spring handle by a spring u¹ (Figure 1) attached to
it, and to some adjacent portion of the framing. Upon the rod u is an arm u²
(Figure 1) with a forked extremity, which embraces and slides upon the
rod t, to which it extends. Upon the strap guide Q is another forked arm q
(Figure 1) which also embraces and slides upon the rod t. The arm u² is
fixed in such a position upon the rod u, that when the strap guide Q has been
traversed back nearly to its proper initial position, the arm 9 will come into
contact with the arm u², and overcoming the force, of the spring u², will slide
the rod u towards the spring handle så far enough to release the latter from its
detent.
The mode in which the apparatus acts is as follows:-Upon setting the
machine in motion, after the introduction of a fresh warp beam, the cone drum
belt Q being at its final position on the cone drums where it was left upon the
completion of the last beam, causes the winding on to be commenced with a
slow motion. The attendant shifts the spring handle s into its detent or notch
in the bracket s³, thereby placing the belts upon the fast pulley p. The same

page_text: manipulation, by means of the action of the arm s upon the heel på of the
detaining click P, lifts both the detaining click P and the driving click P
clear of the ratchet wheel P¹, and sets at liberty the latter and the traverse
shaft P. The pulley p now receiving motion through the pulley m¹ and
belts from the first cone shaft, the screwed traverse shaft P begins to turn
rapidly backwards or in a direction the reverse of that of its ordinary motion;
and to traverse the strap guide Q and belt Q towards the wider end of the
first cone drum, gradually accelerating the speed of the winding-on motion as
it proceeds. When the strap guide Q and belt Q have nearly reached that
part of the drums which corresponds with the proposed initial speed of the
winding-on, the arm of the strap guide encounters the arm u upon the
sliding rod u, and thereby forces the last-mentioned rod endwise towards
the spring handle s². Hereupon the incline or bevilled face of the sliding
rod-u comes in contact with, and forces the spring handle out of its detent,
thereby shifting the belts from the fast pulley p to the loose pulley p', and
discontinuing the backward rotation of the screwed traverse shaft P. At the
same time, and by the same means the bevilled end of the arm s* is withdrawn
from the heel p³ of the detaining click P and the latter, as well as the
driving click P³, is allowed again to drop into gear with the ratchet wheel P¹,
causing the rotation of the traverse shaft P and the traverse of the cone drum
belt Q to be resumed in the direction proper for effecting the winding on of
the yarn upon the fresh beam in due order.
The fourth of our improvements consists in the use of duplicate or double
rollers or rods in the place of the single rods commonly used under the deno-
mination of "split rods" for opening and separating the threads or ends of
the warps, each of such duplicate or double rollers or rods revolving in contact
with its proper and separate portion of the divided warp which travels over or
under it. According to the arrangement which we prefer (but to which we
do not restrict ourselves) we place a pair of equal-sized rollers w, w, (Figures
1 and 2) the one above, and resting upon the other, their necks or pivots
being confined in vertically slotted standards w¹, w¹, upon the side frame.
The Diagrams, Figures 8 and 9, shew on an enlarged scale the ends of the
same rollers and the yarn Y passing above and below. The diameter of the
rollers here shewn is one inch and a half. The portions of the split or divided
warp pass over the upper and under the lower roller, each roller revolving in
the same direction with its own portion of the warp, and also in unison with
the other roller. The friction to which the yarn is subjected under the usual
arrangement, in consequence of the different portions of the divided yarn
tending to turn the "split rod" in opposite directions is thus avoided, and the

page_text: rollers, by their mutual attrition, are kept clean, and prevented from fouling.
In Figures 10 and 11 different arrangements are suggested, the yarn Y
passing in one case over, and in the other case under both rollers, but we
prefer and recommend the arrangement before described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of, and
manner of performing or carrying into effect our said Invention, we shall
conclude by observing, with a view to obviate any misconstruction or mis-
understanding of the previous statement, that we do not confine, nor intend
to confine or restrict ourselves to the precise mechanical arrangements or
details which we have herein-before described or delineated as examples of,
and directions for pursuing the best modes known to us of putting in practice
our said Invention, nor to any of them, inasmuch as the same may, and do
admit of variations or modifications without departure from the real substance
or nature of the Invention. At the same time, and to remove any possible
misapprehension as to what we consider and believe to be novel and originally
invented by us, and of which we therefore claim the sole privilege under the
herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, we hereby further declare, that
what we claim, or intend by these Presents to claim, as constituting our said
Invention, is as follows, that is to say,-
Firstly, the art or method herein-before described of taking up the slack, or
preserving the equal tension of surplus yarn delivered from the back beams
through or in consequence of the continued rotation of the said back beams
after the stoppage of the winding-on or taking-up part of the machine by
causing the yarn so given off in excess-to be depressed or deflected into a loop
or loops between guide rollers or rods by means of a fluctuating tension roller
or rollers, rod or rods resting upon or pressing against the said yarn, and
deflecting the same when delivered in excess.
Secondly, the application of a friction break to a wheel or pulley upon the
first cone shaft (or upon any other of the shafts through which motive power is
transmitted to the warp beam and other working parts of the machine) for
the purpose of more promptly arresting the motion of the machine when the
stoppage thereof is necessary according to the manner herein-before described,
or any modification thereof.
Thirdly, the combination, application, and arrangement of the parts of the
self-acting mechanism or other the self-acting means herein-before described
for traversing back the cone drum strap from its final to its initial position
upon the drums by temporarily reversing the motion of the screwed traverse
shaft, and afterwards causing the same to resume its ordinary direction of

page_text: rotation at the proper juncture, and all mere variations or modifications
thereof.
Fourthly, the use of duplicate or double rollers.or rods in the place of the
single "split rods" ordinarily used for opening or separating the threads or
ends of the warps as the same have been herein-before described, and
whether the said duplicate or double rollers revolve in contact with each other
or not.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Moore, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this First day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
Signed and sealed by the said Henry
Moore, in the presence of
JN°. TAYLER,
HENRY MOORE. (L.S.)
Patent Agent,
Manchester.