Year: 1888

page_text: A communication from GEORGE EASTMAN, of Rochester, in the County of Monroe
and State of New York, United States of America.
1, ALFRED JULIUS BOULT of 323 High Holborn in the County of Middlesex,
M.I.M.E. do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates more particularly to improvements in that class of photographic
apparatus known as instantaneous cameras, and said invention consists in the novel
and improved form, construction and arrangement of parts constituting the case or
body, the lens support and shutter and the film holder together with the various
combinations of such instrumentalities, as hereinafter described.
The camera box or case is preferably constructed in the form of a rectangular tube
at or near one end of which is fastened a block preferably perforated and recessed for
the reception or accomodation of the lens holder and shutter.
In this block or between it and the end piece or cover is located the lens and shutter
mechanism, and in rear of said block is located the roller holder, the latter being
inserted within, and closing the rear end of the box or tube.
The roller holder is secured to or formed integral with the rear cap plate or cover
and the sides of said holder upon which the operating devices are supported are
formed to fit snugly within the tube the cover overlapping or otherwise co-operating
with the end of the box to form a light-tight connection so that when said roller
holder is inserted and held within the end of the box the sensitized film or plate will
be entirely protected from light in the rear and at the sides and will only be exposed
to light entering through the perforation in the block or diaphragm.
The block or end piece is designed not only to close the front end of the case
and protect the sensitized plate or film but also to receive and encompass the lens
holder and shutter, and to this end said block whether formed in one, two or more
sections, is provided with a chamber or recess and coincident openings. The block
about to be described is formed in two sections the rear section, or that one
permanently secured within the case being provided with a rectangular or other

page_text: shaped recess into which the front section enters and fits snugly a recess or chamber
for the reception of the lens support and shutter being formed in the proximate
surfaces of the two sections in the rear of the walls of recess above mentioned so that
light will be entirely excluded from the interior of the case and from the chamber
with the exception of such as may be permitted to enter through the openings
herein before described. To render the exclusion of light more certain the front
section is attached to the cap or cover the latter making contact with the front face of
the rear section and entering the mouth or front end of the case.
The principal object and function of this construction is to furnish a convenient
light-tight end piece for the camera box and a receptacle for the lens and shutter, one
which will furnish ample support for the lens and shutter mechanism and permit
access to the latter when desired, hence any device or contrivance which when located
in front of the camera box or tube, and whether composed of one, two or more parts
or sections, will furnish a light-tight casing or chamber between the apertures through
which light is admitted to the interior of the camera through the lens will be the
equivalent of the block in its relation to the lens support and shutter mechanism about
to be described.
The lens support and shutter mechanism employed, although specially adapted for
use in connection with this camera, illustrates one of the many forms or embodiments
of this invention, that is to say, it illustrates a new type rather than a new species of
an old type, its principal distinguishing feature being a lens mounted or held within a
chamber in front of the exposing chamber, and a cylindrical case or shutter provided
with coincident slots or openings on opposite sides, said case or shutter being rotated
or reciprocated intermittingly to cause the slots or openings therein to pass across the
opposite ends or faces of the lens, the solid opaque portions or body of the shutter
standing normally, and when at rest, across both faces of the leus and between the
exposing aperture and the plate or film within the camera. Suitable devices may be
employed for reciprocating or intermittingly rotating the cylindrical shutter and for
holding it at rest, and I do not confine myself to any one particular device.
The lens support with its attachments is located within the recess or chamber in the
block and in order that the whole of the mechanism may be readily inserted or
removed and at the same time all danger of possible leakage of light avoided it is
seated and held in position within the chamber between the fixed and removable
sections of the block.'
To this end the lens support proper consisting of a frame or plate in which the lens
is detachably secured, is mounted upon or provided with posts at opposite ends these
posts being formed or provided at or near their outer extremities with heads of
cylindrical or other shape adapted to fit the interior of the chamber on opposite sides
of the opening.
For convenience of manufacture and simplicity of construction the head is formed
with a collar or socket in which the post of the lens support is secured by a pin or
screw while the head at the opposite end is removably attached to its post by means
of a pin or screw.
The head is also formed or provided with a cross piece or shoulder which engages
with a suitable shoulder or abutment within the chamber such for example as on the
two sections of the block, the purpose of said shoulder and a similar shoulder on the
opposite head being to sustain the lens support in position and prevent rotation.
The shutter consists of a hollow cylinder provided with coincident openings and
preferably closed at both ends.
The lens is supported within this cylinder and the latter is mounted to rotate or
reciprocate about an axis transverse to the axis of the lens the openings moving in a
plane intersecting the axis of the lens on opposite faces thereof to which end said
cylinder is journaled at one or preferably both ends upon posts of the lens support so
that it has a motion about the posts and around the lens supported between them and
at each half revolution of the cylinder the openings will be caused to approach
and cross the opening or axis of the lens at opposite ends and from opposite sides
or edges.

page_text: It is of course desirable that some competent means be provided for holding and
actuating the cylindrical shutter. A mechanism of this character may comprise a
motor for impelling or moving the shutter and a stop-and-release mechanism.
The motor mechanism consists preferably of a ratchet wheel rotating loosely upon
a pin attached to one head of the cylinder and connected to the latter by a spring
enclosed within the end of the cylinder and between it and the ratchet wheel.
A ratchet and pawl connection between the wheel and pin permits the said wheel
to rotate freely in a direction to wind up the spring but prevents a retrograde
movement.
On the pin between the head and wheel is mounted a drum or pulley carrying a
spring pawl for engaging the teeth of the wheel to rotate the latter in a direction to
wind up the spring, a second spring serving to retract said drum. A cord or other
flexible connection is attached at one end to this drum so that by alternately pulling
upon the cord the drum will be reciprocated upon its axis and through the ratchet
connection the wheel will be rotated to wind up the spring one end of which is
secured to the shutter and hence tends to rotate the latter. This preferably constitutes
the motor mechanism the spring serving to drive or advance the shutter and the
drum to wind up the spring and the whole mechanism is mounted upon the lens
support.
The winding cord is passed through a suitable orifice in the block with a knot or
knots and is manipulated from the outside of the case.
The devices for controlling the movements of the shutter also mounted upon the
lens support comprise a plate formed upon or secured to one end of the hollow
cylindrical shutter and provided with peripheral shoulders and surface shoulders or
abutments.
Above the plate and mounted upon a transverse pin or pivot is a latch the lower
edge on opposite sides of the pivot being inclined or bevelled in the same direction.
One end of this latch is held pressed down by a spring while a push pin passing
through the head bears upon the opposite end of the latch. The pin is preferably
formed with a collar fitting an enlarged recess in the head and is held in place by a
collar or thimble screwed or otherwise detachably secured in the case or box. A spring
attached to the head bears against the periphery of the plate.
The operation of the controlling device arranged as described is as follows:
The rotation of the shutter when acted upon by the motor devices, is arrested by one
of the abutments resting in contact with the bevelled side of the latch the latter being
held in place by its spring. When in this position the opposite end of the latch stands
with its bevelled edge above the opposite abutment so that when the latch is oscillated
by pressure upon the push pin the abutment on one side will ride down the bevelled
face of the latch and the shutter be correspondingly advanced before the elevated end
of the latch reaches the abutment which is beneath it so that when the engaging end of
the latch passes off from the abutment on that side the other abutment will have passed
beyond or cleared the edge of the latch on the opposite side and the shutter impelled
by its motor or spring will be driven forwards until the previously engaged abutment
comes in contact with the previously elevated but now depressed end of the latch. The
push pin being released and the latch permitted to resume its first position the abutment
beneath the push pin and now held against the vertical face of the latch is released
and at the same time the bevelled face on the opposite end of the latch is interposed
in front of the other abutment, a very slight forward movement of the shutter
being permitted when it is again arrested and held until the push pin is depressed.
One edge of the latch is at all times projected in the path traversed by the
abutments so that the shutter can under no circumstances perform more than a half
revolution.
It will thus be observed that each time the push pin is depressed, the shutter is
permitted to make a half revolution about the lens, is arrested at this point and upon
removing the pressure from the push pin the devices are automatically set in position
to repeat the same operations. The abutments are so disposed relative to the openings in
the shutter that when the latter is arrested by the latch the solid or opaque

page_text: portions of the cylinder will stand in front of or across the axis of the lens and when
released as in passing from one abutment to the next the lens will be uncovered
simultaneously at opposite ends and from opposite edges.
The spring bearing upon the plate operates as a brake to control or regulate the
speed at which the cylindrical shutter revolves and in conjunction with the shoulders
it acts as a detent or stop for preventing a retrograde movement of the shutter.
To provide for holding the shutter at an intermediate point so that the lens will be
wholly exposed radial grooves are formed in the face of the plate to receive the edges
of the latch so that the shutter can be retained in position with the openings in line
with the axis of the lens and by pressing the push pin can be at once set for action as
before described.
It will be observed that as thus constructed and arranged not only is a simple, cheap,
compact and withal effective and accurate shutter and lens support formed, the whole
constituting in effect a complete article distinct from its case and which is not only
complete in itself and can readily be applied with but slight changes and modifications
to almost any form of cameras but when applied and used in the manner indicated that
is to say when located within a closed chamber at the end of the camera box or case,
it can be quickly inserted or removed without the aid of special skill, can be adapted
and held in position wholly by the walls of the case or chamber, and when so applied
it forms an efficient means for preventing the entrance of light into the exposing
chamber until such time as the shutter is actuated to uncover the aperture in the
lens.
The next, or what may be termed, the third constituent element of this improved
instrument, comprises a competent means for holding and presenting the plate or film
within the camera box or case in position to receive the rays of light passing
through the lens.
As is obvious any holder competent to perform the well understood operations may
be employed for this purpose but it is preferred, for obvious reasons, to make use of
prepared films, and to this end the following improved form of roll holder has been
devised.
The operating mechanisin of this holder comprises preferably a supply spool detach-
ably mounted on supporting pins or journals; a measuring roller furnished with suitable
puncturing pins or marking devices; guide roilers, a platen or support for the film ;
a winding roller provided with a detaining or film attaching device; a tension device
applied to the supply spool; and an indicator connected to or actuated by the measuring
roller.
The improvements relate mainly to the construction and arrangement of parts
whereby the holder is adapted for use in connection with a tubular case such as
described forming part of the camera proper.
The several co-operating elements are mounted and supported wholly upon and
between the two side pieces attached to a base which forms or is secured to the cap
for closing the rear end of the case or box the several attaching devices being so
arranged and constructed as not to project beyond the outer surfaces, of the side pieces
leaving the latter smooth and unobstructed so that the holder can be fitted and slid
within the opening in the rear end of the box.
To secure this result the platen is interposed between and secured to the side pieces
or near the outer end thereof as is also a covering plate which serves to retain the
film and hold the edges down upon the platen.
The pins or journals supporting the rollers pass through the side plates their outer
ends being flush with or standing below the outer faces of the side pieces. The rollers
and one end of the measuring roller are preferably supported upon the ends of pius
screwed through the side pieces while the opposite end of the measuring roller prefer-
ably carries a collar bearing against the inner surface of the side piece and is supported
upon a stud screwed into the end of said roller and passing through a hole in the side
piece, the outer end of the stud being formed or provided with a head resting in a counter
sunk recess and bearing a mark which latter when brought into proper relation to a
fixed point serves to indicate the quantity of film wound on the winding roller.

page_text: The head for receiving and supporting one end of the spool and to which the tension
device is applied, is held in place and supported upon a detachable pin passing through
the side piece and provided with a flat head or disc counter sunk in the outer face of
said side piece while the opposite end of the spool is supported upon a pin resting
in a socket or bearing secured in position on the inner face of another side piece.
The pin is also provided with a head or cross piece and a stud the former secured
in a counter sink on the outer face of the side piece and the latter adapted to be
inserted or withdrawn through a notch or way in the bearing serving when inserted
to hold the pin in place by bearing against the inner face of the socket.
The pin is thus held in place within its bearing by the head on one side and the
stud on the other, and when it is desired to detach or insert a spool the pin can readily
be withdrawn by turning it until the stud registers with the notch in the bearing. When,
however, the holder is inserted in the camera the accidental withdrawal of the pin
is prevented should the stud stand in line with the notch by the head of the pin resting
and bearing against the smooth inner face of the box.
The supports for the winding spool are constructed substantially the same as those
for the supply spool with this exception, however, that the pin supporting the head to
which the ratchet or retaining devices are applied is provided with a central screw
threaded aperture or equivalent connecting means for the reception of the winding key.
The construction described is more especially designed for use when the side pieces
are made of wood, but constructed of metal or other material corresponding modifica-
tions might be made in the fittings without involving any material change in the
invention.
The roller holder as thus constructed is adapted for insertion within any tube or box of
the proper dimensions and without other fitting than such as will accomodate the winding
key and render visible the indicator and at the same time prevent access of light to
the interior of the camera, for as is well understood all light except such as is trans-
nitted through the lens must be excluded from the exposing chamber in rear of
the lens.
Ample provision of this nature is made by forming two holes or openings in the case
opposite the axes of the winding roller and spool, respectively, and when, as is
proposed, the box is constructed of wood, leather or similar material, thimbles may be
inserted and secured in these openings and a mark made on that one next to the
indicator.
It will also be understood that I do not confine myself to the precise details herein-
described.

page_text: Improvements in or relating to Cameras.
A communication from GEORGE EASTMAN, of Rochester, in the County of Monroe
and State of New York, United States of America.
I, ALFRED JULIUS BOULT of 323 High Holborn in the County of Middlesex, M.I.M.E.
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention relates more particularly to improvements in that class of:
photographic apparatus known as instantaneous cameras and said invention consists in
the novel and improved form, construction, and arrangement of parts constituting the
case or body, the lens support and shutter and the film holder, together with the
various combinations of such instrumentalities as hereinafter described.
In the accompanying drawings, wherein is illustrated one embodiment of the present
improvements:
Figure 1 is a view in perspective of the complete instrument.
Figure 2 is a side, and Figure 3 a top view of the camera, the side and top
respectively of the box being removed to disclose the interior arrangement.
Figure 4 is a front view with cap or front end of the box removed.
Figure 5 is a view in perspective of the lens holder and shutter.
Figure 6 is a view in perspective of the lens holder and shutter, the several parts
being detached.
Figures 7, 8, 9 and 10 are views in perspective of the roller holder looking from
the under and upper and opposite vertical sides respectively and Figure 11 is a
horizontal section of the same taken on the line xy fig. 2 and drawn to a larger scale.
Figure 12 is a detail view illustrating the manner of mounting and supporting the
supply spool and the winding roller.
Similar letters of reference in the several figures indicate the same parts.
The letter A designates the camera box or case preferably constructed in the form
of a rectangular tube at or near one end of which is fastened a block B recessed for
the reception or accomodation of the lens holder and shutter and perforated
as at b.
In this block B or between it and the end piece or cover B¹ is located the lens and
shutter mechanism and in rear of said block is located the roller holder C the latter
being inserted within, and closing the rear end of the box or tube A.
The roller holder C is secured to or formed integral with the rear cap plate or cover C¹¹
and the sides of said holder upon which the operating devices are supported are
formed to fit snugly within the tube A, the cover C' overlapping or otherwise co-operating
with the end of the box A to form a light-tight connection so that when said roller
holder is inserted and held within the end of the box the sensitized film or plate will be

page_text: entirely protected from light in rear and at the sides and will only be exposed to light
entering through the perforation b in the block B.
The block or end piece B is designed not only to close the front end of case A
and protect the sensitized plate or film, but also to receive and encompass the lens
holder and shutter, and to this end said block whether formed in one, two or more
sections, is provided with a chamber or recess 6 and coincident openings b. In the
illustration given, the block B is formed in two sections, the rear section or that
one permanently secured within the case A being provided with a rectangular or
other shaped recess 62 into which the front section enters and fits snugly, the recess
or chamber 6 for the reception of the lens support and shutter being formed in the
proximate surfaces of the two sections in the rear of the walls of recess 6 so that light
will be entirely excluded from the interior of the case and from the chamber b' with
the exception of such as may be permitted to enter through openings b. To render
the exclusion of light more certain the front section is attached to the cap or cover B¹
the latter making contact with the front face of the rear section and entering the
mouth or front end of case A.
The principal object and function of this construction is to furnish a convenient
light-tight end piece for the camera box and a receptacle for the lens and shutter,
one which will furnish ample support for the lens and shutter mechanism and permit
access to the latter when desired, hence any device or contrivance which when
located in front of the camera box or tube, and whether composed of one, two or
more parts or sections, will furnish a light-tight casing or chamber between the
apertures through which light is admitted to the interior of the camera through the lens,
any contrivance possessing these capacities and functions will be the equivalent of the
block B in its generic relation to the lens support and shutter mechanism about to be
described.
The lens support and shutter mechanism employed, although specially adapted for
use in connection with this camera, illustrates one of the many forms or embodiments
of this invention, that is to say, it illustrates a new type rather than a new species of
an old type, its principal distinguishing feature being a lens mounted or held within
a chamber such as in front of the exposing chamber, and a cylindrical case or
shutter provided with coincident slots or openings on opposite sides, said case or
shutter being rotated intermittingly or reciprocated to cause the slots or openings
therein to pass across the opposite ends or faces of the lens, the solid opaque portions
or body of the shutter standing normally and when at rest, across both faces of the
lens and between the exposing aperture and the plate or film within the camera.
Suitable devices are to be employed for reciprocating or intermittingly rotating the
cylindrical shutter and for holding it at rest.
Referring to the preferred form or embodiment of the principal as illustrated in
the drawings, S represents the cylindrical shutter, L, the lens and L' the lens-support,
the latter also constituting the support for the shutter and its actuating mechanism as
will hereinafter appear.
The lens-support with its attachments is located within the recess or chamber bl
in block B and in order that the whole of said mechanism may be readily inserted
or removed and at the same time avoid all danger of possible leakage of light, it is
seated and held in position within the chamber 6¹ between the fixed and removable
sections of the block B.
To this end the lens-support proper consisting of a frame or plate in which the
lens L is detachably secured, is mounted upon or provided with journals at opposite
ends, these journals being formed or provided at or near their outer extremities with
heads of cylindrical or other shape adapted to fit the interior of chamber 61 on
opposite sides of the opening b.
For convenience of manufacture and simplicity of construction, the head is formed
with a collar or socket in which the journal of the lens-support is secured by a
pin or screw, while the head ♬ at the opposite end is removably attached to its
journal by a screw or pin 1.

page_text: The head is also formed or provided with a cross piece or shoulder which
engages with a shoulder or abutment with the chamber ¹ such as the shoulder 18 on
the two sections of block B, the purpose of said shoulder and a similar shoulder 1°
on the opposite head being to sustain the lens support in position and prevent
rotation.
The shutter consists of a hollow cylinder S provided with coincident openings s and
preferably closed at both ends and arranged so as to rotate intermittently or if desired
to reciprocate.
The lens is supported within this cylinder S and the latter as shown in the drawings
is mounted so that it can rotate intermittently about an axis transverse to the axis of
the lens, the openings s moving in a plane intersecting the axis of the lens on opposite
faces thereof, to which end said cylinder is mounted at one or preferably both ends
upon the journals of the lens-support so that it has a motion about said journals
and around the lens supported between them and at each half revolution of the
cylinder the openings s will be caused to approach and cross the opening or axis of
the lens at opposite ends and from opposite sides or edges.
Instead of a cylindrical shutter a hollow or tubular shutter of other shape or
section may be employed; and instead of the said shutter surrounding the lens as
herein described it may obviously be arranged in front of it that is to say between
it and the opening b, under which construction the case A would be lengthened
accordingly.
It is of course desirable that some competent means be provided for holding and
actuating the cylindrical shutter. A mechanism of this character is shown on the
drawings and comprises a motor mechanism for impelling or moving the shutter and a
starting and stopping mechanism.
The motor mechanism consists of a ratchet wheel 5 rotating loosely upon the
journal and attached to one head of the cylinder S and connected to the journal
by a spring 7 enclosed within the end of the cylinder S and between it and the
wheel 5.
A ratchet and pawl connection 8 between the wheel 5 and journal permits the
said wheel to rotate freely in a direction to wind up the spring 7 but prevents a
retrograde movement.
A
On the journal' between the head 18 and wheel 5 is mounted a drum or pulley 9
carrying a spring pawl 10 for engaging the teeth on wheel 5 to rotate the latter in a
direction to wind up the spring 7 a spring 11 serving to retract said drum_9.
cord or other flexible connection 12 is attached at one end to this drum so that by
alternately pulling upon and releasing the said cord, the drum will be reciprocated
upon its axis and through the ratchet connection the wheel 5 will be rotated to wind
up the spring 7 one end of which is secured to the shutter and hence tends to rotate
the latter. This constitutes the motor mechanism, the spring 7 serving to drive or
advance the shutter and the drum 9 to wind up the spring and in the improved
structure shown, all of said mechanism is mounted upon the lens-support.
The winding cord 12 is passed through a suitable orifice in the block B and has a
knot or knots at its end and is manipulated from the outside of the case.
The devices for controlling the movements of the shutter also mounted upon the
lens-support comprise a plate 20 formed upon or secured to one end of the
hollow cylindrical shutter and provided with peripheral shoulders 21 and surface
abutments 22.
Adjacent to the plate 20 and mounted upon a transverse pin or pivot is a
latch 23 the lower edge of which on opposite sides of the pivot is inclined or bevelled
in the same direction.
One end of this latch 23 is pressed upon by a spring 24 while a push pin 25 passing
through head bears upon the opposite end of the latch. The pin 25 is preferably
formed with a collar fitting an enlarged recess in the head 12 and is held in place by a
collar or thimble 26 (fig. 1) screwed or otherwise detachably secured in the case or
box A. A spring 27 attached to head bears against the periphery of the plate 20.

page_text: The operation of the controlling devices arranged as described is as follows:-
The rotation of the shutter when acted upon by the motor devices, is arrested by one
of the abutments 22 resting in contact with the bevelled side of the latch, the latter being
held in place by its spring 24. When in this position, the opposite end of the latch
stands with its bevelled edge interposed before or in front of the opposite abutment 22
so that when the latch is oscillated by pressure upon the push pin 25 the abutment on
one side will ride down the bevelled face of the latch and the shutter be cor-
respondingly advanced before the elevated end of the latch reaches the abutment which
is beneath it so that when the engaging end of the latch passes off from the abutment
on that side, the other abutment will have passed beyond or cleared the edge of the
latch on the opposite side and the shutter impelled by its motor or spring will be
driven forwards until the previously engaged abutment comes in contact with the
previously elevated but now depressed end of the latch. When the push pin is
released and the latch permitted to resume its first position, the abutment then beneath
the push pin and held against the vertical face of the latch, is released and at the
same time the bevelled face on the opposite end of the latch is interposed in front of
the other abutment, a very slight forward movement of the shutter being at this time
permitted after which the rotating shutter is again arrested and held until the push
pin is depressed. One edge of the latch is at all times projected in the path traversed
by the abutments 22 so that the shutter can under no circumstances perform more than
a half revolution.
It will thus be observed that each time the push pin is depressed the shutter is
permitted to make a half revolution about the lens, is arrested at this point and
upon removing the pressure from the push pin the devices are automatically set
in position to repeat the same operation. The abutments 22 are so disposed
relatively to the openings in the shutter that when the latter is arrested by the
latch the solid or opaque portions of the cylinder will stand in front of or
across the axis of the lens and when released as in passing from one abutment to
the next the lens will be uncovered simultaneously at opposite ends and from
opposite edges.
The spring 27 bearing upon the edge of the plate 20 operates as a brake to
control the speed at which the cylindrical shutter revolves and in conjunction with
the shoulders 21 shown most distinctly in figure 6, it acts as a detent or stop for
preventing a retrograde movement of the shutter.
To provide for holding the shutter at an intermediate point so that the lens will
be wholly exposed radial grooves 29 are formed in the face of the plate 20 to
receive the edges of the latch so that the shutter can be retained in a position
with the openings in line with the axis of the lens and by pressing the push pin
can be at once set for action as before described.
It will be observed that as thus constructed and arranged not only is a simple,
cheap, compact and withal, effective and accurate shutter and lens-support formed,
the whole constituting in effect a complete article distinct from its case and which
is not only complete in itself and can readily be applied with, but slight changes
and modifications to almost any form of camera but when applied and used in the
manner indicated that is to say, when located within a closed chamber at the end of
the camera box or case, it can be quickly inserted or removed without the aid of special
skill, can be adapted and held in position wholly by the walls of the case or chamber
and when so applied it forms an efficient means for preventing the entrance of light
into the exposing chamber until such time as the shutter is actuated to uncover
the aperture in the lens.
The next, or what may be termed, the third constituent element of this improved
instrument comprises a competent means for holding and presenting the plate or
film within the camera box or case in position to receive the rays of light passing
through the lens.
As is obvious any holder competent to perform the well understood operations may
be employed for this purpose but 1 prefer, for obvious reasons, to make use of
prepared films, and to this end have devised the following improved form of roll
B

page_text: holder which is represented at figures 7 to 11 as detached from the body of
the camera.
The operating mechanism of this holder C comprises a supply spool c detachably
mounted on supporting pins or journals c¹; a measuring roller furnished with
suitable puncturing pins or marking devices; guide rollers e a plate or film
support for the film; a winding roller provided with a detaining or film
attaching device; a tension device c' applied to the supply spool, a ratchet or
detaining device applied to the winding spool; and an indicator connected to or
actuated by the measuring roller, all as set forth and described in part or in whole in
the specification of Great Britain Letters Patent No. 15:42 of 1884.
The improvements herein claimed relate mainly to the construction and arrangement
of parts whereby the holder is adapted for use in connection with a tubular case such
as A forming part of the camera proper.
The several co-operating elements are mounted and supported wholly upon and
between the two side pieces C³, C attached to a base (which forms or is secured
to the cap C for closing the rear end of the case or box A the several attaching
devices being so arranged and constructed as not to project beyond the outer surfaces
of the side pieces leaving the latter smooth and unobstructed so that the holder can be
fitted and slid within the opening in the rear end of the box A.
To secure this result the plate or film support c is interposed between and secured
to the top and bottom pieces C and C³ at or near the inner end thereof, as is also the
covering plate co which serves to retain the film and hold the edges down upon
the platen.
The pins or journals supporting the rollers c² c pass through the side plates, their
outer ends being flush with or standing below the outer surfaces of the side pieces.
The rollers and one end of the roller c² are preferably supported upon the ends of
pins screwed through the side pieces while the opposite end of the roller c² carries
a collar bearing against the inner surface of the side piece C³ and is supported upon a
stud c¹² screwed into the end of said roller and passing through a hole in the side piece
the outer end of said stud being formed or provided with a head resting in a counter-
sunk recess and bearing a mark e' which latter when brought into proper relation to
a fixed point serves to indicate the quantity of film wound on the roller co.
The head c¹³ for receiving and supporting one end of the spool c and to which the
tension device c is applied as shown at figure 10 is held in place and supported upon
a detachable pin c¹ passing through the side piece C and provided with a flat head
or disc countersunk in the outer face of side piece while the opposite end of
the spool e is supported upon the reduced portion of a pin c¹ resting in a socket or
bearing secured in position on the inner face of side piece C³. The pin or
support e as shown at fig. 12 is provided with a head or cross piece c¹8 and a stud c
the former secured in a countersink or recess on the outer face of the side piece and
the latter adapted to be inserted or withdrawn through a notch or way in the
bearings thereby serving when inserted, to hold the pin in place by bearing against
the inner face of the socket.
The pin or support c¹ is thus held in place within its bearing by the head c¹8 on
one side and the stud c" on the other, and when it is desired to detach or insert a
spool the pin can readily be withdrawn by turning it until the stud registers with the
notch in the bearing. When however the holder is inserted in the camera the
accidental withdrawal of the pin is prevented (even though the stud stand in line
with the notch) by the head of the pin resting and bearing against the smooth
inner face of the box A.
The supports for the winding spool care constructed substantially the same as
those for the supply spool c with this exception, however, that the pin corresponding
to e supporting the head to which the ratchet or detaining devices are applied is
provided with a central screw-threaded aperture or equivalent connecting means for the
reception of the winding key C. This key ( serves to secure the film carrying and
feeding device within the case or body A or by its removal to permit of the said
device being withdrawn therefrom,

page_text: In fig. 11 the film is represented by a dotted line the arrows indicating the
direction in which it is moved after an exposure has been made and to prepare for
another exposure being made.
The construction described is more especially designed for use when the side pieces
are made of wood, but if constructed of metal or other material corresponding
modifications might be made in the fittings without involving any material change in
the invention.
The roller holder as thus constructed is adapted for insertion within any box or
tube A of the proper dimensions without other fitting than such as will accomodate
the winding key (and render visible the indicator and at the same time prevent
access of light to the interior of the camera, for as is well understood all light
except such as is transmitted through the lens must be excluded from the exposing
chamber at the rear of the lens.
Ample provision of this nature is made by forming two holes or openings in
the case A opposite the axes of the winding roller and spool e respectively, and
when, as is proposed, the box A is constructed of wood, leather or similar material,
thimbles may be inserted and secured in these openings and a mark made on
that one next the indicator.
It is to be understood that the invention is not confined to the precise details herein
described as the same may be varied without departing from the essential features
of the invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to
me by my foreign correspondent, I declare that what I claim is :-
1. In a photographic camera a tubular case such as A containing at one end a
detachable film holder such as C and at the other a perforated block such as B
revolvable shutter S, and lens L supported in a frame substantially as herein
described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
2. In a photographic camera the combination with a lens of a cylindrical or tubular
shutter surrounding the lens and capable of being intermittently rotated or reciprocated
about it substantially as herein described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
3. In a photographic camera a plate or frame such as 1 for supporting the lens and
adapted so that a shutter such as S can rotate or reciprocate around or about it
substantially as herein described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
4. The motor consisting essentially of the springs 7 and 11 ratchet wheel 5, drum 9,
ratchet and pawl arrangement 8, spring pawl 10 and winding cord 12 the whole
constructed and operating substantially as herein described and illustrated in the
accompanying drawings.
5. In a photographic camera a motor-stopping-and-starting device consisting
essentially of a plate such as 20, shoulders 21, abutments 22, pivotted latch 23,
spring 24 and push pin 25, the whole constructed and operating substantially as
herein described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
6. In a photographic camera the combination with the revolving shutter of a brake
such as 27 for controlling the rate at which the shutter moves during the period of
exposure substantially as herein described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
7. In a photographic camera the combination with an intermittently rotating
shutter such as Shaving shoulders or peripheral projections such as 21 of a spring
such as 27 for preventing retrograde movement of the shutter substantially as herein
described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
8. The complete mechanism consisting of a lens supported in a frame such as l, a
motor-driven shutter such as S for intermittently covering and uncovering the lens,

page_text: mechanism for stopping or starting the motor a spring such as 27 for controlling its
rate of motion during the period of exposure and a cord 12 or equivalent means for
winding up or generating power in the motor the whole constructed and operating
substantially as herein described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
9. In a photographic camera a support such as c¹¹¹¹³ for carrying the supply
spool c or winding roller so that they may readily be removed from or replaced
in position substantially as herein described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
10. The general arrangement and combination of parts constituting the complete
photographic camera substantially as herein described and illustrated in the
accompanying drawings.
1000