Improvements in and relating to Drawing Apparatus.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 3rd Oct., 1895
MAR
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Drawing Apparatus.
I, MOSES JONES, of Frizington, via Carnforth, in the County of Cumberland,
Schoolmaster, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My present application for Letters Patent has reference to an improved device for
assisting a draughtsman in reproducing on a flat surface such as a sheet of paper
a correctly proportioned drawing or representation of a solid body or bodies or of
objects not in the same plane. It provides a simple mechanism whereby the relative
proportions or positions of the object or objects to be represented can be readily
measured as they appear to the eye of the draughtsman and consequently the difficulty
of reproducing the same in the drawing will be proportionately diminished.
My invention is capable of being carried into operation in various modifications
suited to the different purposes for which it is required and the objects to which it is
intended to be applied.
A simple application thereof is to an ordinary drawing board or drawing slate such
as is used in schools in the teaching of drawing from solid objects or of model
drawing. In its simplest form the apparatus consists of a horizontal rod of suitable
length and size and graduated according to requirements, to which are attached two
vertical rods or rulers, one or both thereof being moveable along the horizontal rod
aforesaid. When the invention is applied to a drawing slate one side of the frame of
the slate may suitably serve as the horizontal rod. In using the apparatus the rod is
placed between the eye of the draughtsman and the object and at right angles to the
line from the eye to the object at a height such that the said object appears to touch
at its lowest point the liorizontal rod. The remaining part of the object will then
appear at certain points on the vertical rods either to immediately coincide with the
same or at a measurable distance to the one or the other side thereef (that is to
the right or the left side respectively of the rod or rods). The draughtsman can then
easily note on his drawing the relative distances measured by means of the graduated
rods of such points.
As already stated the invention is capable of being carried out in many different
modifications and sizes according to requirements, for instance, the sinall gauge may
be constructed in the form of a T-square, the long leg of the T being arranged to slide
in a recessed slot cut in the short part thereof.
In another modification I provide a stand or support for the gauge capable of
being easily adjusted at any given height and portable for convenience of placing
near the object to be drawn or otherwise. This arrangement is especially suited for
mechanisms of large size and greater weight.
I also in some cases fix my apparatus at the end of a drawing board or to a table
on which the models to be drawn are placed, on a pivot attached to the underside
of the board or table and provided with a tightening screw for screwing up the
horizontal part of the gauge. The vertical rod or rods are usually arranged to slide
in a groove as aforesaid but they may obviously be attached otherwise to the horizontal
portion of the device, as for instance the one or the other part of the apparatus may
be slotted and the other rod arranged to pass through the same and be provided with
means for fixing it at a given point if required. I also in- some cases make my
vertical rods to slide out of the groove in the horizontal rod for convenience of

page_text: packing or otherwise. In other cases I prefer to hinge the same so as to enable
them to be inclined at any angle or folded up close to the horizontal rod.
My apparatus may be constructed of any suitable material such as wood, ivory,
metal or the like. It is preferably provided with a convenient scale on both the
horizontal and the vertical parts, the scales may be identical on both the upright and
horizontal rods or the one may he graduated to a larger or smaller scale than the other
according to the purposes for which it is to be used. It is sometimes preferable to
graduate the apparatus on both sides having a graduation in inches on the one side
and on the metric or other scale on the other.
Dated this 3rd day of October 1896
W. P. THOMPSON. &. Co.,
322, High Holborn, London, W.C., Patent Agents for the Applicant.
I, MOSES JONES, of Frizington, ria Carnforth, in the County of Cumberland,
Schoolmaster, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
My present application for Letters Patent has reference to an improved device for
assisting a draughtsman in reproducing on a flat surface such as a sheet of paper
a correctly proportioned drawing or representation of a solid body or bodies or of
objects not in the same plane. It provides a simple mechanism whereby the relative
proportions or positions of the object or objects to be represented can be readily
measured as they appear to the eye of the draughtsman and consequently the difficulty
of reproducing the same in the drawing will be proportionately diminished.
One application thereof is to an ordinary drawing board or drawing slate such as
is used in schools in the teaching of drawing from solid objects or of model drawing.
In its simplest form the apparatus consists of a horizontal rod of suitable length and
size and graduated according to requirements, to which are attached two vertical
rods or rulers, one or both thereof being moveable along the horizontal rod aforesaid.
When the invention is applied to a drawing slate one side of the frame of the slate
may suitably serve as the horizontal rod. In using the apparatus the rod is placed
between the eye of the draughtsman and the object and at right angles to the line
from the eye to the object at a height such that the said object appears to touch at
its lowest point the horizontal rod. The remaining part of the object will then appear
at certain points on the vertical rods either to immediately coincide with the same or
at a measurable distance to the one or the other side thereof (that is to the right
or the left side respectively of the rod or rods). The draughtsman can then easily
note on his drawing the relative distances measured by means of the graduated rods of
such points.
The invention is capable of being carried out in many different modifications and
sizes according to requirements, for instance, the small gauge may be constructed in
the form of a T-square the long leg of the T being arranged to slido in a recessed
slot cut in the short part thereof.
In another modification I provide a stand or support for the gauge capable of being
easily adjusted at any given height and portable for convenience of placing near the
object to be drawn or otherwise. This arrangement is especially suited for mechanisms
of large size and greater weight.
I also in some cases fix my apparatus at the end of a drawing board or to a table
on which the models to be drawn are placed, on a pivot attached to the underside

page_text: of the board or table, and provided with a tightening screw for screwing up the
horizontal part of the gauge. The vertical rod or rods are usually arranged to slide
in a groove as aforesaid, but they may obviously be attached otherwise to the horizontal
portion of the device, as for instance the one or the other part of the apparatus may
be slotted and the other rod arranged to pass through the same and be provided with
means for fixing it at a given point if required. I also in some cases make my vertical
rods to slide out.of the groove in the horizontal rod for convenience of packing or
otherwise. In other cases I prefer to hinge the same so as to enable them to be inclined
at any angle or folded up close to the horizontal rod.
My apparatus may be constructed of any suitable material such as wood, ivory,.
metal or the like. It is preferably provided with a convenient scale on both the
horizontal and the vertical parts, the scales may be identical on both the upright and
horizontal rods or the one may be graduated to a larger or smaller scale than the
other according to the purposes for which it is to be used. It is sometimes preferable
to graduate the apparatus on both sides having a graduation in inches on the one side
and on the metric or other scale on the other.
In order to define more clearly my invention and the best method known to me of
carrying the same into effect I will now proceed to illustrate its application by aid
of the accompanying drawing, in which :-
Figure 1 shows in plan a measuring apparatus of the kind herein before
described.
Figure 2 shows a back view of graduated bar with one adjustable graduated upright
inserted in the slot of same and the other detached.
Figure 3 shows in front view, and
Figure 4 in section, the aforesaid graduated har.
The graduated bar A is preferably divided into eighths, tenths, twelfths, sixteenths
or other required aliquot parts of an inch, and provided with angle lines at the
centre as shown.
The upright B, preferably divided into eighths on both edges is secured to A by
means of a rivet a, going through the same in such manner that B can be folded
beneath A. The bar is secured to the underside of the shoe D by a rivet c in such
manner that the shoe can slide easily on the scale A, whilst the bar C can be folded
over below the said scale A when required.
In Figures 2 to 4 another pattern of the apparatus is shown, consisting of the
graduated scale A¹ having a recessed groove at its back in which slide one or more
upright rods B'. In Figure 2 one rod is shown inserted and the other detached,
whilst Figure 3 shows a front view and Figure 4 a section of the scale.
It is obvious that where requisite one or both rods may be constructed movable
along the bar A or I might have three or more adjustable rods thereon should such
additional guides be found desirable.
The application of a stand for the device is sufficiently obvious.
The point
of attachment may be at or about the centre of gravity of the base rod A although
for some purposes the support might be found more convenient at or near one end.
The attachment is preferably provided with a ball or universal joint and the upright
is arranged to telescope or slide up and down to enable the mechanism to be readily
adjusted to the precise height and position required.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In apparatus for measuring apparent relative dimensions of objects in more than
one plane, the combination of a horizontal graduated measuring bar with one or more
graduated upright bars folding, sliding, or otherwise adjustable thereon, with or
without means for holding and supporting the apparatus substantially as and for the
purpose described.
2. A measuring apparatus consisting of the graduated bar A the folding bar B
hinged or secured to A the sliding shoe D, the folding bar Chinged or secured

page_text: to D, substantially as described and shown in Figure 1 of the accompanying
drawing.
3. A measuring apparatus consisting of the graduated bar A¹ having a recessed
groove or channel and the graduated T-square B adapted to slide therein substantially
as described and shewn in Figures 2, 3, 4, of the accompanying drawings.
W. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of London, Liverpool, Manchester, and Birmingham,
Patent Agents for the Applicant.