IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR DRAWING OFF OR DISCHARGING LIQUIDS, AND PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Walter Macfarlane, of Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR DRAWING OFF OR DISCHARGING LIQUIDS, AND
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Walter Macfarlane.at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
6th October 1859.
I, WALTER MACFARLANE, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR DRAWING OFF OR DISCHARGING
LIQUIDS, AND IN FOUNTAINS, BATHS, AND SIMILAR RECEPTACLES FOR LIQUIDS," to be
as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates, under the first head, to a novel arrangement, con-
struction, and working or operating of taps, valves, or stop-cocks, for drawing
off or discharging liquids of various kinds from their receptacles, the
essential object of the contrivance being the enabling one hand to do the
work hitherto requiring two hands, or the combined effect of the hand and
foot. Under this arrangement and system of working the same hand which
holds the cup, dish, or receptacle to be filled with the liquid causes the liquid
to flow into the receiving dish, and when the latter is properly filled or supplied
the withdrawal of it stops the flow or discharge. The necessary action may be
produced either by a horizontal pressure against the valvular mechanism, or

page_text: by an upper lifting pressure, or by a downward or other action or pressure of
the hand, or the receiving dish upon or against the valvular mechanism. The
tap or cock is in this arrangement immediately under the outlet or discharge
pipe or branch, and the arrangement is such that whilst the simple action of
presenting the receiving dish to the outlet or spout at once produces the
required liquid flow, the withdrawal of the dish immediately suspends the
flow. This arrangement is peculiarly suited for adaptation to street or public
fountain, but it is also well suited for use in many other situations where
liquids are to be drawn off. To render street fountains more fully available a
valve cock is fitted up on each side of the fountain pillar or structure, and
this extended use is still further improved by fitting up both an automatic or
self-closing tap or valve, with a large liquid way for supplying water in large
quantities for general purposes, and directly above it and in the same vertical
line a smaller automatic or self-closing valve or tap for drinking purposes. In
fountains for streets provision is made for conveying in the inlet pipe in a
chamber quite separate form the waste thoroughfare, both being contained
within the structure of the fountain.
This Invention relates, under the second head, to an improved arrangement,
construction, and working of mechanism in connection with baths, and other
receptacles for liquids, in which it is desirable to have au automatic or self-
actingapparatus for filling such receptacle with water to a predetermined height
or level. As applied to domestic baths, the whole of the valvular supplying
apparatus as well as the discharge or overflow details, is fitted up within
the bath itself, at the foot or lower end thereof. In this way all external
mechanism is dispensed with, and the bath' is complete and independent in
itself, and it can be furnished by the maker all ready for use, nothing more
being necessary than the mere junction of the water pipe or pipes. It is pre-
ferred to insert a vertical diaphragm or division piece in the end of the bath
to screen and contain the valvular apparatus. There is also fitted up in con-
nection with the cold water supply an automatic or self-closing ball float, tap,
or cock, as well as a cock or valve worked by a hand lever, for letting on or
discharging the water, as well as for stopping the flow of the water through
the ball float cock during the time when the water in the bath is in the act of
being discharged. These cocks or valves may either be joined or attached to
each other so as to work in concert, or one valve may be made to answer for
both operations, the ball float for regulating the quantity of the water and the
lever for admitting the water being connected to or made to operate upon the
single valve, and yet produce the required double result. The bath has also
fitted up in it a syphon trap or discharge thoroughfare, the inlet end of which

page_text: bas fitted upon it a discharge valve, and at the same end and alongside the
discharge valve an overflow pipe for the waste water. The dischargeapertures
are all within the portion of the bath partitioned off for the reception of the
gearing, instead of adopting the ordinary plan of placing the opening for dis-
charging the water from the bath in some part of the actual body of the bath.
The partition for separating the working gearing from the actual body of the
bath is a perforated diaphragm. Instead of fitting up the valvular details and
pipes wholly within the bath, they may be fitted external to the bath.
In arranging and constructing shower baths according to this Invention the
perforated vessel or showerer is formed by attaching two pieces of metal
together, instead of using several small pieces. The form of the perforated
vessel is preferred to be oval in place of a shallow disc-shape, somewhat
dished, and having a side channel round the rim to catch foreign matters.
The inlet is at one end of the channel,and the other is so contrived as to allow
of cleaning out, and it is preferred to make it of cast metal. When fitted up
in connection with a plunge bath or other base receptacle, the water supply
pipe.is carried vertically up from the side of the plunge bath to the required
height, and the perforated showering vessel is fitted up directly on the top of
this pipe, the whole being steadied by any convenient support. This support
is preferred to be a hollow pillar with the water supply pipe passing up its
interior, a socket being formed upon or attached to the side of the bath to
carry the pillar. A self-closing or automatic valve or cock is fitted in the base
of the water supply pipe,and thus the user has great conveniences for working
the bath, whilst the water is always directly at hand, and does not require to
be poured from a separate vessel into the showerer.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Walter Macfarlane in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
5th April 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL .COME, I, WALTER
MACFARLANE, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Engineer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
-Patent, bearing date the Sixth day of October, in the year of our Lord. One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-third year of Her reign,
,did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Walter Macfarlane, Her special license that I, the said Walter Macfarlane,

page_text: my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Walter Macfarlane, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR DRAWING OFF OR DISCHARGING LIQUIDS. .AND IN
FOUNTAINS, BATHS, AND SIMILAR RECEPTACLES FOR LIQUIDS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Walter Macfarlane, by an instrument in
writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar mouths next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Walter Macfarlane, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in aud by the ful-
lowing statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and to
the letters and figures marked thereon that is to say:-
My said Invention relates under the first head to a novel arrangement
construction, and working or operating of taps, valves, or stop-cocks, for
drawing off or discharging liquids of various kinds, from their receptacles,
the essential object of the contrivance being the enabling one hand to do the
work hitherto requiring two hands or the combined effect of the hand and foot.
Under this arrangement and system of working, the same hand which holds
the cup, dish, or receptacle to be filled with the liquid, causes the liquid to
flow into the receiving dish; and when the latter is properly filled or supplied,
the withdrawal of it stops the flow or discharge. The necessary action may
be produced either by a horizontal pressure against the valvular mechanism,
or by an upper-lifting pressure, or by a downward or other action or pressure
of the hand or the receiving dish upon or against the valvular mechanism.
The tap or cock is in this arrangement immediately under the outlet or
discharge pipe or branch, and the arrangement is such that whilst the simple
action of presenting the receiving dish to the outlet or spout at once produces
the required liquid flow, the withdrawal of the dish immediately suspends the
flow. This arrangement is peculiarly suited for adaptation to street or public
fountains, but it is also well suited for use in many other situations where
liquids are to be drawn off. To render street fountains more fully available,
a valve or cock is fitted up on each side of the fountain pillar or structure,

page_text: and this extended use is still further improved by fitting up both an automatic
or self-closing tap or valve with a large liquid way for supplying water in
large quantities for general purposes; and directly above it, and in the same
vertical line a smaller automatic or self-closing valve or tap for drinking
purposes. In fountains for streets, provision is made for conveying in the
inlet pipe in a chamber quite separate from the waste thoroughfare, both
being contained within the structure of the fountain.
My Invention relates under the second head to an improved arrangement,
construction, and working of mechanism in connection with baths and other
receptacles for liquids in which it is desirable to have an automatic or self-
acting apparatus for filling such receptacle with water to a predetermined
height or level. As applied to domestic baths the whole of the valvular
supplying apparatus as well as the discharge or overflow details is fitted up
within the bath itself at the foot or lower end thereof. In this way all
external mechanism is dispensed with, and the bath is complete and inde-
pendent in itself, it can be furnished by the maker all ready for use,
nothing more being necessary than the mere junction of the water pipe or
pipes. It is preferred to insert a vertical diaphragm or division piece in the
end of the bath to screen and contain the valvular apparatus. There is also
fitted up in connection with the cold water supply an automatic or self-closing
ball float tap or cock, as well as a cock or valve worked by a hand lever for
letting on or discharging the water as well as for stopping the flow of the
water through the ball float cock during the time when the water in the bath
is in the act of being discharged. These cocks or valves may either be joined
or attached to each other so as to work in concert, or one valve may be made
to answer for both operations, the ball float for regulating the quantity of the
water and the lever for admitting the water being connected to or made to
operate upon the single valve and yet produce the required double result.
The bath has also fitted up in it a siphon trap or discharge thoroughfare, the
inlet end of which has fitted upon it a discharge valve, and at the same end
and alongside the discharge valve an overflow pipe for the waste water. The
discharge apertures are all within the portion of the bath partitioned off for
the reception of the gearing, instead of adopting the ordinary plan of placing
the opening for discharging the water from the bath in some part of the
actual body of the bath. The partition for separating the working gearing
from the actual body of the bath is a perforated diaphragm. Instead of
fitting up the valvular details and pipes wholly within the bath they may be
fitted external to the bath.
.
Iu arranging and constructing shower baths according to this Invention,

page_text: the perforated vessel or showerer is formed by attaching two pieces of metal
together instead of using several small pieces. The form of the perforated
vessel is preferred to be oval in plan, of a shallow disc shape, somewhat dished,
and having a side channel round the rim to catch foreign matters. The
inlet is at one end of the channel, and the other is so contrived as to allow of
cleaning out, and it is preferred to make it of cast metal. When fitted up in
connection with a plunge bath or other base receptacle, the water supply
pipe is carried vertically up from the side of the plunge bath to the required
height, and the perforated showering vessel is fitted up directly on the top
of this pipe, the whole being steadied by any convenient support, This
support is preferred to be a hollow pillar with the water supply pipe passing
up its interior, a socket being formed upon or attached to the side of the bath
to carry the pillar. A self-closing or automatic valve or cock is fitted in the
base of the water supply pipe, and thus the user has great conveniences for
working the bath, whilst the water is always directly at hand and does not
require to be poured from a separate vessel 'into the showerer.
And in order that my said Invention of "Improvements in Machinery or
Apparatus for Drawing off or Discharging Liquids, and in Fountains, Baths,
and similar Receptacles for Liquids," may be properly understood I shall
now proceed to describe the several illustrative Figures on the explanatory
Sheets of Drawings, which I have hereunto appended for the purpose of
showing certain modifications under which my improvements may be
judiciously carried out in practice, that is to say :-
Figure 1 on Sheet 1 of the accompanying Drawings is an elevation showing
one modification of my improvements in street fountains for supplying water
for drinking. Figure 2 is a partially sectional elevation of the fountain
detached from the ornamental cupola shown in Figure 1. Figure 3 is a
sectional elevation of the valvular apparatus for regulating the flow of water
from street fountains and other similar sources of supply. Figure 4 is a
partially sectional elevation of another modification of valvular apparatus
for regulating the flow of water.
The drinking fountain, as delineated in Figure 1 of the accompanying
Drawings, has been s, ecially designed with a view of harmonizing with the
character of the material employed, namely, cast iron; so as to prosent a light
and elegant appearance, to the eye, combined with elaborate decorative details.
The rectangular base Aof the fountain rests upon a substructure or foundation
of masonry, and at the angles of the base there are placed four light-fluted
columns B. Springing from the capitals of the columns B is a decorated
arch, which unites the columns on, the four-sides of the structure, and

page_text: through the openings thus formed the fountain is seen. Extending round
the arch is a cable moulding which also encloses a circular space adapted for
receiving armorial bearings, medallions, or other appropriate devices. The
cornice is carried round the upper part of the cable moulding, and extends
awayon each sideina lateral direction, the overhanging parts above the spring
of the arches being supported by enriched consoles. The upper part of the
fountain above the cornice is enclosed by a cupola of decorative openwork,
surmounted by an elegant openwork finial; the spaces between the arched
portions of the cornice are filled in with griffins. Within the space enclosed
by this ornamental structure is arranged the fountain from which the supply'
of drinking water is obtained. According to this design, the fountain, which
is shown drawn to an enlarged scale in Figure 2 on Sheet 1 of the accom-
panying Drawings, consists of a decorated columnar pedestal C, which is cast
hollow, and rests upon a sunk part of the base A. The floor D of the base A
extends away from the lower part of the pedestal C over to the outer part,
serving as a receptacle to receive water, and thus form a drinking trough for
dogs. The upper part of the pedestal C is cast of a concave figure to receive
and correspond to the external central part of the tazza or basin E. This
portion of the fountain is cast with an enriched marginal moulding, and
incised decorative figures covering its internal surface. The basin E is
attached to the pedestal C by means of the malleable iron bolts F, which are
fixed in the upper part of the pedestal,and project out through the bottom of:
the basin E. The bolts F serve also as attachments for the upper part G.
of the fountain, which is so fitted that its lower edge is slightly raised above
the surface of the basin E. The water which falls into the basin E thus
flows beneath the edge of the part G, and through an aperture left in the
centre of the basin, passing down the hollow pedestal C, and out through the
aperture H, which are made in the ornamental figures near the base of
the pedestal. Just below the lateral openings H a metal diaphragm I is
fixed across the interior of the pedestal, for the purpose of stopping the:
further downward flow of the water. The upper-part G of the fountain is
highly enriched with decorative work externally; it is furnished with four
lateral openings, through which the supply of water issues. Above this part
the ironwork forms an ornamental base; decorated with the foliage of the
arum, or rose, thistle, and shamrock, and terminating in the figure of a
pelican or other suitable emblematical device. The water supply is derived
from the vertical pipe J, the lower extremity of which is connected with the
street main. This pipe rises through the stuffing box in the diaphragm I,
and thence upwards through the part G, where, it branches off quadrilaterally

page_text: To
in the direction of the openings provided for the emission of the water.
the extremities of the four-branched pipe are fitted thevalvular arrangements,
which serve to regulate the flow of water.
As arranged in Figures in Figures 1 and 2 on Sheet1 of the accompanying
Drawings, the water is obtained by simply pressing the edge of the drinking
cup K against the laterally projecting button Ljust below the outlet aperture,
There are four of these drinking cups K, which are suspended by chains to
the lower part of the ornamental canopy. These cups are, by preference, of
an eliptical bowl shaped figure, as being more convenient for drinking from.
The vertical section, Figure 3, shows the internal arrangement of the valvular
apparatus, and the mode by which the water is caused to flow upon the edge
of the drinking cup being applied to the projecting button L. The inlet
end M of the valvular apparatus is soldered into a branch of the pipe J, and
is connected to the shell or central portion N of the apparatus by means of
a union joint, a ring of india-rubber or leather being interposed between the
contiguous faces of the parts M and N. Inside the part N is a metal
diaphragm, which has an aperture made in the central part. Against this
diaphragm, next the inlet M, is placed a perforated disc of india-rubber O,
which forms the valve seating. A metal washier is fitted against the seating
O, the aperture in which is sufficiently large to be clear of the valve P.
This valve is fitted on the horizontal spindle Q, which passes through the
india-rubber diaphragm R that is fitted between the central and front portions
of the shell N and S, the two parts being attached by means of screws. The
screwed end of the spindle extends outwards through the front portion S,
where it has attached to it the button L before referred to. Behind this
button and filling the small chamber in the front part of the section S, is a
short helical spring T, the pressure of which against the button L tends to
keep it outwards, unless otherwise acted upon. When the drinking cup is
pressed against the button or other projecting part the spring is compressed,
and the valve P moved away from the seating O. The water from the pipe J
passes into the central chamber N, and being checked by the diaphragmn R
flows up the curved outlet pipe II, which is fitted so as to coincide with the
emissive openings in the part Gof the fountain. In this manner the operation
of obtaining water from the fountain is performed by a simple motion of one
hand, at the sametime unnecessarywaste of the water is avoided bythevalvular
passage closing automatically on the withdrawal of the drinking cup from the
button or projecting part L.
Another modification of the valvular apparatus, in which the flow of water
is obtained by a slight upward pressure on the projecting lever, is delineated

page_text: in Figure 4 on Sheet 2 of the accompanying Drawings. In this arrangement
the inlet pipe M is joined to the vertical shell N, at the lower part of which
are laterally projecting lugs, to which is jointed the lever L. This lever
corresponds in its office to the button L, in Figures 1 to 8; it passes out
through a slot made in the small plunger R, which works up and down in the
lower part of the shell N. The valve seating O extends across the shell, the
valve P, which is faced with india-rubber, being forced down upon it by the
back pressure of the water. The valve spindle Q passes through the aperture
in the seating, and is screwed into the upper face of the plunger R, a cupped
leather S being interposed between the flange of the spindle and the plunger
to prevent the escape of the water at the lower part of the shell. Upon the
edge of the drinking cup being placed under the end of the lever L, which is
slightly hooked, and an upward pressure exerted, the water flows through the
outlet pipe U into the drinking vessel, the pressure of the water on the valve
causing it to shut when the cup is removed. These valvular arrangements.
may be 'readily modified,so as to cause the water to flow, either by a downward
pressure or an outward drawing motion, with the edge of the drinking cup, in
lieu of the inward and upward pressing motions herein-before described. The
water used for rinsing the drinking cups and the overplus flows down the
pedestal and into the trough D, the surplus water passing away by the
grating V, and away by the waste pipe W, to the sewer.
Public drinking fountains arranged according to Sheet 1 of the accom-
panying Drawingscombine elegance of design with a gracefulness of outline
which render them a peculiarly ornamental adjunct to the streets of a city.
At the same time the utility of these structures is increased by the simplifying
the modes of obtaining the water.
My improvements in the arrangement and construction of baths and other
receptacles for liquids are delineated on theets 2 and 3 of the accompanying
Drawings. Figure 1 on sheet 2 is an elevation, partly in section, of one
arrangement of the improved bath having the water supply and discharge
apparatus fitted therein; Figure2 isa transverse vertical section taken through
the end in which the supply and discharge apparatus is fitted; Figure 3 is a
plan of the bath, and Figure 4 a vertical section of the valvular mechanism.
As delineated in the accompanying Drawing the bath A is formed of metal or
other suitable material, the inner surface of which may be covered with
enamel or paint. Preference is given to cast iron as the best material for the
baths; they are cast in one piece rounded and sloping at the upper or shoulder
end, as shown in Figures 1 and 2. Within a short distance of the foot or
lower end of the bath is a vertical division plate B and cover C, which enclose

page_text: the space between the plat B and the end of the bath. Within the space
thus enclosed is fitted the valvular apparatus for supplying water to the bath
as well as for regulating its height in the bath and its discharge therefrom.
This bath is so arranged that its fittings complete are in one piece with the
bath,so that in fixing it at its site no other attachment is required than simply
to connect its inlet pipe with the water main, or if hot water is also required,
to connect its supply tap with the source of, supply. A branch from the
ordinary water main is soldered to the inlet D, to which is connected the
valvular apparatus E, the action of which is controlled by the ball float F and
by the tap G. The internal arrangement of the valvular mechanism is deli-
ncated in the vertical section, Figure 4, on Sheet 2 of the accompanying
Drawings. The shell or horizontal tubular portion E has fitted in it the
vertical tap G which is furnished with the handle E, which admits of the water
being turned off irrespective of the float F. To the shell E is attached the
outlet portion I of the apparatus; this part is of a T-shaped figure; a con-
traction of the internal part, just below the horizontal waterway, forms the
valve seating J. In the upper part of the tubular passage a small plunger K
works; through the slot in this plunger the rod L of the ball float F works.
The end of the rod L is jointed to the projecting lugs on the exterior of the
outlet part I, so that the rising and falling motion of the ball float actuates
the plunger K. The lower face of the plunger has screwed into it the upper
end of the valve spindle M, an inverted cupped leather being interposed
between the plunger and the flange of the spindle. The lower end of the
spindle M carries the valve N, the upward motion of which closes the water.
way. When the bath is required for use,, the cock G is turned on and the
ball float F being down, the water flows into the enclosed
space and through
the perforations in the division plate B into the bath; as the water approaches
the predetermined height the float is gradually raised, and when it has quite
reached this height the further flow is stopped by the closure of the valvular
passage. If the bath is furnished with a hot, as well as a cold, water supply,
the hot water pipe is connected to the inlet of the tap O, the quantity thus
admitted being regulated by hand. In the compartment behind the division
plate B is fitted the vertical wate pipe P, which prevents the further rise of
the water when the body is immersed therein. The lower extremity of this
waste pipe passes through the bottom of the bath and fits into the siphon
trap Q, which is arranged below the bath; and communicates with the drain or
other outlet for the waste water. The arrangement of this trap prevents the
admission of any draft or offensive vapour rising up from the drain; a second
<>pening in the bottom of the bath is made to communicate with the siphon

page_text: trap Q,which opening is closed by means of the valve R. This valve is raised
by the chain S, or other connection, which is attached to the spindle of the
handle T. A projecting part on the spindle of the handle admits of its being
suspended on the cover C, when partially turned round so as to keep the
valve R raised when the water in the bath is required to be run off after using
it. With these improvements the filling and discharge of the contents of the
bath are reduced to the most simple conditions, involving no trouble whatever.
Another mode of arranging the supply and discharge appparatus of baths
and other similar receptacles is shown in Sheet 3 of the Drawings hereunto,
appended. Figure 1 being a partially sectional elevation of the greater
portion of a bath arranged according to this modification; Figure 2 is a
partially sectional end view,and Figure 3 is a plan corresponding to Figures 1
and 2,but with the cover of the supplying cistern removed. In this arrangement
the supply and discharge apparatus being external to the bath, it is of the ordi-
nary kind. at the head of the bath A,is fitted the small cistern B, which com-
municates, by means of the pipe C, with the bottom of the bath; this cistern B
is covered in at the top by the cover D. The cold water passes in by the pipeĘ
between the end of which and the cistern B is fitted the cock F the handle of
which rises above the laterally extended part of the cover I). The cock F
is connected to the self-acting valvular apparatus G, which opens into the
cistern B, and is arranged internally in manner similar to the apparatus
herein-before described and shown in Sheet 2 of the accompanying Drawings.
Upon the cold water being admitted to the cistern B,it flows down the pipeC
into the bath, and when it has reached the predetermined height, the valve closes
the waterway by the rising of the ball float H. The hot water is admitted
through the pipe I, the flow being controlled by the cock J, the handle of
which is in convenient proximity to the cold water tap F. The outlet of the
cock J enters the vertical pipe K, which communicates by a lateral branch L
with the pipe C. A vertical waste pipe M which passes through the bottom
of the cistern B, and terminates at its lower extremity below the surface of
the water in the siphon trap N. The pipe K also enters the siphon trap N,
the tub-lar passage of the pipe being closed at pleasure by means of the
valve O, which is connected by the chain P to the operating handle Q. When
the bath is to be emptied the valve O is raised,and the water flows out through
the pipe C, and by the lateral branch L to the siphon trap, and thence to
the drain. So also the surplus water caused by the immersion of the bather
escapes down the waste pipe M into the siphon trap, and in this manner
neither overflow or unnecessary waste can occur in baths arranged accord-
ing to these modifications.

page_text: These improvements are also specially applicable to "hip baths,' in which
the whole of the arrangements for th supply of the cold and hot water, as
well as the discharge apparatus,are contained within a small box or compart-
ment at the back of the bath, the taps and valve handles being within con-
venient proximity to the bather. The ball float apparatus for regulating the
flow of the water may also be arranged in either of the following ways, so as
to dispense with the secondary cock or valvular apparatus for turning the
water on or off, irrespective of the automatic action of the float.
Under one modification, the small plunger K,shown in Figure 4 on Sheet 2
of the accompanying Drawings, has projecting outwards in a lateral dire tion
two pins, one on each side of the plunger. These pins serve, with the aid of
a couple of links, to connect the plunger to a bent lever handle arranged
above the cover C. The lower part of the lever handle is bent at right angles
to the other portion, and at this part it is centred upon a fixed stud. Whilst
this lever handle is in the vertical position the plunger is free to move up and
down and the valve is actuated in the ordinary manner by the ball float; but
upon turning the handle from the vertical to the horizontal position, the bent
part of the lever raises the links, and these move up the plunger so asto close
the waterway. This arrangement may also be modified, so as to be actuated
by moving a horizontal hand lever to the vertical position, or vice versa.
Another mode of controlling the passage of the water through the valvular
apparatus is, by arranging the rod of the ball float so as to admit of a short
link piece passing through it, the upper part of which projects out through the
cover C, and has a horizontal handle fitted to it. The lower part of the link
piece on which the float rod rests is inclined in a downward direction to
correspond to the angle of the rod, and upon turning the actuating handle
above the cover C the inclined part of the link piece acts as a wedge to raise
the float rod, and so close the waterway. These valvular arrangements are
also applicable generally for controlling and regulating the flow of liquids
in other situations than that of bath rooms.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried
into effect, I would observe, in conclusion, that what I cousider novel and
original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-
before in part recited Letters Patent, is
First, the general arrangement and construction of machinery or apparatus
for drawing off or discharging liquids, and in fountains, baths, and other
-similar receptacles for liquids, as herein-before described and shown in the
accompanying Drawings.

page_text: Second, the system or mode of supplying water to public fountains, or other
similar structures by means of valvular apparatus, in which the water is caused
to flow into the drinking cup or receiver by the simple pressure of the edge of
such cup or receiver against the projecting button or part which actuates the
valve, as herein-before described and shown in the accompanying Drawings.
Third, the system or mode of arranging and constructing the valvular
mechanism of drinking fountains and other similar structures, as delineated in
Figuro 4 on Sheet 1 of the accompanying Drawings, in which the water
is caused to flow by an upward pressure of the edge of the drinking cup
against the actuating and projecting part of the valvular movement, as herein-
before described.
Fourth, the system or mode ofarranging and constructing valvular apparatus
for controlling the flow of liquids, in which the valve is actuated and the liquid
caused to flow either by a downward pressure of the edge ofthe receiving vessel
on the actuating part of the valve, or by a motion tending to draw out the said
actuating part, and so causing the liquid to flow, as herein-before described.
Fifth, the system or mode of arranging and constructing baths, in which
the whole of the apparatus for supplying the bath with hot or cold water, and
for discharging the same is contained within a compartment forming a part of
the bath, as herein-before described and delineated in Figures 1 to 3 on
Sheet 2 of the accompanying Drawings.
Sixth, the system or mode of arranging and constructing baths, in which the
supply and discharge apparatus is arranged in a compartment external to the
bath, but forming a part thereof, as herein-before described and represented in
Sheet 3 of the accompanying Drawings.
Seventh, the several modes of arranging and constructing the valvular
apparatus for the supply of baths, and of combining the same, so as to be
worked by hand and by automatic or self-acting means, as herein-before
described, and partly shown in the accompanying Drawings, or by automatic
or self-acting means alone.
In witness whereof, I, the said Walter Macfarlane, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Fourth day of April, One thousand eight
hundred and sixty.
WALTER MOFARLANE. (L.B.)