Improvements in or relating to Glass-lined Fittings for Glass- lined Tubing.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 20th Apr., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 18th Jan., 1890-Accepted, 5th Apr., 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Glass-lined Fittings for Glass-
lined Tubing.
We, DAN RYLANDS, of Shepcote, Barnsley in the County of York, Glass
Manufacturer and JAMES CROWDER, of Pindar Oaks Cottages, near Barnsley, in the
said County, Flint Glass Blower and ROBERT MORANT, 200 Doncaster Road, Barnsley,
in the said County, Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:
Our invention refers to improvements in or relating to the fittings for glass lined
tubing such fittings including T pieces and bends.
According to our present invention we, in order to make a glass lined T pie e,
take a piece of metal tube (which may be made of iron or brass or other suitable
metal) screwed at each end and we cut or form in or about the. centre of such tube a
suitable hole which hole may be tapped with a suitable thread.
Through this metal tube we pass a piece of glass tube which is long enough to
come flush with each of the screwed ends and is of such a diameter as to allow of
some suitable packing or filling being put between the glass and metal tube. Into
each end of this glass tube we put a piece of cork, asbestos or other suitable
substance. We then take an iron holder formed in such a shape that it will grip or
impinge into pieces of cork. One of these pieces of cork has a hole bored through
it for blowing purposes and into this hole we introduce a suitable tube of glass or
metal. We then hold the central hole in the metal tube over a blow flame' & on
heating to a melting state the glass such hole exposes, we blow air into the hole
through the cork and thus force the heated glass up through this central hole. We
then take a piece of glass tube of suitable diameter and length and expose one end
of such tube to the blow flame until both it and the portion of heated glass blown
through the central hole can be fused together properly and so made one compact
hollow piece of tube. We then take a piece of metal tube such tube being screwed at
both ends. One end is screwed so as to screw into the before mentioned threaded
central hole and after screwing such piece of tube in we fill up the space between
the glass & metal with asbestos or suitable cements. Or where preferred this latter
piece of tube may be made to just fit over, or into the central hole and on being
placed there and the whole being put into a suitably formed mould, some cast metal
(either iron, white metal, brass, or other suitable metal) may be run over it thus
securely fastening the two pieces of iron tube together. In the latter case the central
hole in the longer piece of tube does not require screwing nor does the end of tube
which fits on or in such central hole.
It will be well understood that a fourway T piece may be constructed by
following out this operation in connection with a hole each side of the metal tube.
In adapting our invention to bends we form a metal bend of a somewhat oval
shape at one end terminating in a circular shape at the other end which circular
end is rather smaller in diameter. We form a glass bend slightly smaller at one end
than the other of such a form that this latter end can be passed through the oval

page_text: end of metal tube and brought round the bend to the circular end so that each end of
the glass bend is flush with each end the iron bend.
Did this 10th of A: 1000
DAN RYLANDS.
JAMES CROWDER.
ROBERT MORANT.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Glass-lined Fittings for Glass-
lined Tubing.
We DAN RYLANDS, of Shepcote, Barnsley, in the County of York, Glass
Manufacturer, JAMES CROWDER, of Pindar Oaks Cottages near Barnsley, aforesaid,
Flint Glass Blower, and ROBERT MORANT, of 200 Doncaster Road, Barnsley, afore-
said, Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
Our invention relates to the manufacture of glass-lined fittings for glass-lined
tubing, and more especially to the construction of glass-lined T-pieces and elbows or
bends.
By our invention we are enabled to construct, in a convenient and efficient
manner, a T-piece with a perfectly continuous glass lining, that is to say, a lining
in which the glass tube forming the stem of the T is perfectly welded to the glass
tube forming the head or cross-piece of the T.
We so construct the parts that the internal diameter of the metal T-piece or
casing is somewhat greater than the external diameter of the glass lining; and the
space between the metal and the lining we fill with pitch, cement, asbestos, or other
suitable material to hold the glass lining firmly in position and form a solid compact
fitting.
When the glass tubes are welded or united, the glass lining is obviously watertight
throughout.
The metal shell or casing of the pipe-fitting is constructed of an ordinary piece
of iron, brass, or other piping, forming the head or cross-piece with or without
nipples at the ends, in which is formed, about midway between its ends, a screw-
threaded hole for the reception of the screwed end of another piece of piping or a
nipple forming the stem of the T. In cases where the stem is required to be of the
same diameter as the cross-piece or head, it is necessary to strengthen the latter
around the hole, by means of a boss. This boss, however must be as short as possible
consistent with strength to enable the operator to see his work clearly when fusing
the portions of the glass lining together. We may ensure additional security to the
nipple forming the stem by providing it with a lock-nut, which on being screwed
down on the aforementioned boss, will effectually hold the stem in position and
prevent its becoming loosened by knocks or vibrations. The stem-piece, instead of
being screwed into the head, is sometimes merely formed to fit in or on the latter, and,
after the glass lining has been formed in position, the whole is placed in a suitable
mould and molten iron, white metal, brass, or other suitable metal is run over it,
forming a cast casing enveloping the pieces of the T-fitting and securely holding
them together by its shrinkage.
In applying our invention to elbows or bends, we form the glass-lining to the
desired curvature, and, to admit of its introduction into the metal casing, we form
the latter with a truly circular sweep or curvature throughout; or we construct one
end of the said casing slightly oval, the longest axis of the oval being in the plane
of curvature of the elbow or bend; or we make the casing of enlarged diameter at
the bend. The lining may or may not be formed slightly smaller at one than at the
other end. After the lining is inserted, we fill the space between the same and the
casing with suitable packing material as in the case of T-fittings.

page_text: In the accompanying drawings we have shown now our said mvention may
conveniently and advantageously carried into practice.
Figure 1 shows a portion of a T-piece suspended in a holder in such a manner
that the operations of forming the aperture in the glass lining of the cross-piece and
fusing the glass stem therein may be effected.
Figure 2 is an end elevation of the said T-piece and holder showing also a blow-
pipe flame impinging on the glass-lining.
Figure 3 is a longitudinal central section of a T-piece constructed according to
our said invention, and in which the glass lining is continuous throughout.
Figure 4 is a side elevation of the fitting represented in section in Figure 3.
Figure 5 is a longitudinal central section showing another form or modification of
our improved T-piece, wherein the parts of the metal shell or casing are held
together by an outer shell cast around them.
Figure 6 is a side elevation of the fitting represented in section in Figure 5.
Figures 7, 8 and 9 show, in longitudinal central section various forms of elbows
or bends constructed according to our said invention.
Like letters indicate corresponding parts throughout the drawings.
Referring to Figures 1 to 4, A is a metal tube screw-threaded internally at both
ends and having a side opening B about midway between its ends, strengthened by a
shallow boss or branch-pipe C. The said side opening B is also screw-threaded
internally. The three ways thus formed are provided with nipples D, D¹. The boss
or branch-pipe C is made rather short to facilitate the inspection of the joint during
the welding operation hereinafter mentioned. To obviate liability to loosening of the
nipple D' in the boss or branch pipe C by any shock or vibration to which the fitting
may be subjected, a lock-nut E is screwed upon the said nipple until the said nut
bears tightly against the boss C, thus more firmly securing the said nipple therein and
preventing its accidental displacement. F is the glass lining, the three branches of
which terminate flush with the faces of the three nipples D, D' respectively. G is a
packing of pitch, cement, asbestos or other suitable material situated between the
glass lining and the metal casing to hold the former securely in position. The
sections of the nipples and of the glass lining are shown black in the drawings to
more clearly distinguish them from the other parts of the T-piece.
In order to form a glass T shaped lining within a fitting such as that shown in Figure 3
we find it advantageous to proceed as follows, viz. :-we pass a suitable straight glass
tube through the casing and wedge it tightly in the bore by any convenient temporary
packing, we then fit corks or plugs a, a, Figure 1, in the ends of the said glass tube,
one of the said corks or plugs being bored through the centre and fitted with a blow-
tube b. The metal casing of the T-piece, without the branch-nipple D' and lock-nut E,
is then mounted in a holder consisting of arms c, c pivoted at d to a bracket e firmly
secured to a bench or other convenient support. The arms are held together by a
clip which is arranged to slide up and down upon the said arms, one of which is
provided with a taper or inclined portion c¹ to ensure the forcible drawing together
of the said arms when the clipfis pushed upward thereon. One of the arms c is
provided with an eye c², through which is passed the blow-tube b, the said tube being
secured therein by a set-screw c³. The other arm c has a centre-piece
at its upper
end, which, when the arms c are forcibly drawn together by moving the clip f upwards
over the incline c¹ enters a short distance into the cork a and securely retains the
fitting in the holder. Instead of a single hinge-joint d, two hinge-joints arranged at
right angles to each other, or a ball-and-socket joint may be employed to give greater
freedom to the movements of the arms c. Having thus secured the fitting in a
movable holder, we direct a blow-pipe flame g (Figure 2) through the opening B in
the metal casing A, and thereby heat that portion of the glass tube immediately
opposite the said opening sufficiently to allow of an aperture being formed in the
said glass tube by blowing through the tube b. This aperture is worked, in the usual
manner, into a circular hole having its edges turned outwards as shown by dotted
lines in Figure 2, we next take another piece of glass tube, and insert it into the
opening B, and, by means of the blow-pipe flame g, we weld it to the edge of the

page_text: circular opening and thus form a Ṭ-shaped continuous glass lining inside the casing A.
The fitting is then removed from the holder, the aforesaid temporary packing is taken
out, the branch-nipple D' and its lock-nut E are placed in position, and, the glass
lining F being centralised, the packing material G is introduced, and the fitting thus
completed.
It is obvious that the circular opening in the glass-tube may be formed in any
ordinary or suitable manner before inserting the said tube in the metal casing, the
borc of the casing being large enough to admit the tube even with the edge of the
aperture turned up as shown in Figure 2. Consequently with this mode of manu-
facture, a much simpler holder will answer the purpose; for instance a holder
consisting simply of a pair of rings, having handles attached thereto, passed over the
ends of the casing and held in the hand of the operator. With large fittings, too
heavy to be thus held, the handles may be fixed in a stem pivoted by a universal
joint to a bracket attached to the working bench.
It is obvious that, if desired, the two nipples D in the head or cross-piece of the
T-fitting may be dispensed with and the ends of the casing A be screw-threaded
externally instead of internally.
According to another modification of our invention, we take a straight metal
tube A, Figure 5, and cut in it about midway between its ends a V- or other shape
opening B, and we shape the end of a similar metal tabe A' to fit in the said opening
so that, when the two tubes are put together, they form a T-piece as shown. We
form within the tube A a T-shaped glass lining by the method herein described,
the stem of the T projecting through the opening B formed in the side of the
tube A. We then pass the prepared tube A' over the glass lining and fit it into
the aperture
and place the whole within a suitable mould. Molten iron, white
metal, brass, or other suitable metal is then run into the mould to form around the
T-fitting an outer shell H, which, on cooling, shrinks and firmly grips the two
portions of the fitting and effectually holds them together, forming a compact T-piece.
A packing of pitch, or cement, or other suitable material G, as above described with
reference to Figure 3, is then run in between the glass lining and the metal tubes A, A¹,
and the T-fitting is thus completed.
We have shown the ends of the tube A screw-threaded externally for coupling
purposes; it is obvious however that the said tube might be provided with nipples
like those shown in Figure 3.
Although we have above described our invention with reference to the construction
of ordinary T or three-way fittings, it will be well understood that a four-way or
other multiple-way glass-lined fitting may be similarly manufactured by carrying
out. with reference to two or more openings formed in the tube A, operations similar
to tho hereinabove described.
In adapting our invention to the manufacture of glass lined elbows or bends, we
form the metal casing of such a shape that a previously bent glass tube F (Figures 7,
8 and 9) intended for the lining, may be inserted into the said casing, previous to
the introduction of the cement or other packing. With this object we may merely
enlarge the casing at the bend as shown at 1 in Figure 7, or we may construct one
end of the elbow of an oval section internally as shown at K Figure 8, the major
axis of the oval being in the plane of curvature of the elbow; or we may construct
the elbow and lining with a truly circular curvature throughout their entire length as
shown in Figure 9. In the arrangement shown in Figure 8, the circular end of
the casing and the corresponding end of the lining may be slightly less than the
other ends of the casing and lining respectively. Having placed the glass lining
within its metal casing, we fill up the space between the said lining and the casing
with cement, asbestos or other suitable material G as in the case of T-fittings.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed we wish it understood that
we claim :-
The imnared mathal
less lined T-niece or other

page_text: multiple-way pipe-fitting substantially as described with reference to Figures 1 and 2
of the accompanying drawings.
Second. The improved glass-lined T-piece constructed substantially as described
with reference to Figures 3, and 4 of the accompanying drawings.
Third. The improved method of manufacturing a glass-lined elbow or bend
substantially as described with reference to Figures 7, 8 and 9 of the accompanying
drawings.
Fourth. The improved glass-lined elbow or bend constructed substantially as
described with reference to Figures 7, 8 and 9 of the accompanying drawings.
Dated this Sixteenth day of January 1890.
DAN RYLANDS.
JAMES CROWDER.
ROBERT MORANT.
Haseltine, Lake & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, Agents for the Applicants.