IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edmund Edwards, of 40, Southampton Buildings, in the
County of Middlesex, Arthur French St. George, of Redhill in the County - of
Surrey, and Henry Louis Phillips of Hornsey in the County of Middlesex
for an Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edmund Edwards, Arthur
French St. George and Henry Louis Phillips at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents on the 3rd October 1882.
EDMUND EDWARDS of 40, Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex,
ARTHUR FRENCH ST. GEORGE, of Redhill in the County of Surrey, and HENRY.
LOUIS PHILLIPS, of Hornsey in the County of Middlesex 'IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING AND UTILIZING ELECTRICITY
"
.
This invention relates more especially to machinery or apparatus used for the
purpose of generating a current or currents of Electricity to be used for obtaining
light, motive power, or for other purposes.
It has for its objects new and improved methods of constructing and arranging
the parts of the apparatus so that it is very simple and easily and cheaply made,
and so that the current or currents of Electricity generated by it are very uniform
and constant in character, a moderate amount of power only being required.
In order to put our invention in operation we take what is known as a field
magnet which may be either a permanent magnet of steel plates, but preferably one
or more electro magnets of soft iron wound in the usual way, with insulated wire
through which a current of Electricity is passed from any suitable source of supply,
such as a galvanic battery, an electrical generator of any of the well known kinds,
or of the kind herein described, or a part of the Electricity generated by the
machinery or apparatus itself may be used.
We arrange the poles or fields of magnetism of such magnet so as to be opposite
to each other, each occupying about one fourth of a complete circle, within which
revolves in suitable bearings formed upon or attached to the foundation upon which
the field magnet itself is fixed, an armature constructed in the following manner.
Upon a central axis revolving in the bearings described, and preferably hollow
so that it may be more readily kept cool' by the passage of air or other suitable

page_text: fluid, we fit a series of thin plates of soft iron preferably insulated from the
revolving axis.
Each of such plates consists of a centre from which radiate two, four, six, or
more pairs of arms arranged opposite to each other and of width proportioned to
the size of the apparatus and the number of the arms. A sufficient number of
these thin plates are fitted upon the axis of the machine, preferably separated from
each other by a thin insulating material such as paper soaked in paraffin, and the.
whole are fixed firmly and tightly together upon the axis by a nut upon the latter
or by other suitable means.
We do not arrange the arms so that each set of plates occupies a position
parellel to the axis, but we arrange each succeeding plate so that its arms are
slightly in advance of the preceding ones, each compound arm therefore forming a
part of a helical thread or rib round the axis.
Round the arms constructed and arranged as described are wound from end to
end and following the helical line, coils of insulated metallic wire such as copper of
a section and length which may be varied according to the purpose to which the
apparatus is to be applied, and the ends of the coils, so wound are brought to the
neighbourhood of the central axis and are there connected to an insulated
commutator upon the axis from which any electricity generated in the wires is
collected by insulated metallic springs or brushes of any of the ordinary well
known kinds, and its direction is adjusted so that it is conveyed away by insulated
wires to any point or points where it is to be utilized for the purpose of producing
light, motive power, or for other purposes.
By the method of construction and arrangement described a current of
Electricity is generated in each coil of wire as each individual plate of the compound
arm in succession comes within and leaves the field of each pole of the magnet, the
arms being so arranged that the first plate of each arm has entered such field
before the last plate has left it, and the first plate of the next succeeding arm has
entered such field before the last plate of the previous arm has left it, and in this
way a perfectly uniform, even, and constant current of electricity is generated,
with a moderate expenditure of power, by a machine of comparatively small size
and weight.
Instead of paper saturated with paraffin as above described, we sometimes use
thin sheets of asbestos in the form of fibre or of paper.
. We make the extremities of the arms described revolve as near as possible to the
poles of the fixed field magnet without touching the latter; and we sometimes
make some of the revolving arms of less diameter than the remainder, so that in
the recesses or grooves thus formed silk or other cord, or wire, may be bound round
the insulated coils of copper wire to retain the latter in their place and to prevent
them from being displaced by centrifugal force, and for the same purpose the coils
may be coated with cement of any suitable kind.
Instead of forming each arm of a large number of separate plates as described, it
may be formed of solid metal made or curved to the proper helical shape.
As a modification of the arrangement described, the revolving armature may be
made with its arms parallel with its axis instead of helical, the poles of the field
magnet being made helical.
Or, the arms of the revolving armature, and the poles of the field magnet, may
both be made more or less helical.
Machinery or apparatus constructed according to our invention as above described,
may be used to give out motive power by modifying the arrangement of its parts
so that electricity is supplied from any separate source to the coils of insulated
wire, which are thus caused to revolve within the poles of the field magnet, and the
power thus obtained may be utilized by means of driving pulleys, toothed wheels,.
or other ordinary device for the purpose, upon the revolving axis.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Edmund Edwards, Arthur French St: George, and Henry Louis
Phillips in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 3rd April 1883.
EDMUND EDWARDS, of 40 Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex,
ARTHUR FRENCH ST: GEORGE, of Redhill in the County of Surrey, and HENRY
LOUIS PHILLIPS, of Hornsey in the County of Middlesex "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING AND UTILIZING ELECTRICITY
">
This invention relates more especially to machinery or apparatus used for the
purpose of generating a current or currents of Electricity to be used for obtaining
light, motive power, or for other purposes.
It has for its objects new and improved methods of constructing and arranging
the parts of the apparatus so that it is very simple and easily and cheaply made,
and so that the current or currents of Electricity generated by it are very uniform
and constant in character, a moderate amount of power only being required
In order to put our invention in operation we take what is known as a field
magnet which may be either a permanent magnet of steel plate, but preferably
one or more electro-magnets of soft iron wound in the usual way with insulated
wire through which a current of Electricity is passed from any suitable source of
supply, such as a galvanic battery, an electrical generator of any of the wellknown
kinds, or of the kind herein described, or a part of the Electricity generated by the
machinery or apparatus itself may be used.
We arrange the poles or fields of magnetism of such magnet so as to be opposite
to each other, each occupying about one fourth of a complete circle, within which
revolves in suitable bearings formed upon or attached to the foundation upon
which the field magnet itself is fixed, an armature constructed in the following
manner.
Upon a central axis revolving in the bearings described, and preferably hollow
so that it may be more readily kept cool by the passage of air or other suitable
fluid, we fit a series of thin plates of soft iron preferably insulated from the
revolving axis. Each of such plates consists of a centre from which radiate two
or more pairs of arms arranged opposite to each other and of width proportioned to
the size of the apparatus and the number of the arms. A sufficient number of
these thin plates are fitted upon the axis of the machine, preferably separated from
each other by a thin insulating material such as paper soaked in paraffin, and the
whole are fixed firmly and tightly together upon the axis by a nut upon the latter
or by other suitable means.
We do not arrange the arms so that each set of plates occupies a position parallel
to the axis, but we arrange cach succeeding plate so that its arms are slightly in
advance of the preceding ones, each compound arm therefore forming part of a
helical thread or rib round the axis. Round the arms constructed and arranged
as described are wound from end to end and following the helical line, coils of
insulated metallic wire such as copper of a section and length which may be varied
according to the purpose to which the apparatus is to be applied, and the ends of
the coils so wound are brought to the neighbourhood of the central axis and are
there connected to an insulated commutator upon the axis from which any
electricity generated in the wires is collected by insulated metallic springs of
brushes of any of the ordinary well known kinds and its direction is adjusted so

page_text: that it is conveyed away by insulated wires to any point or points where it
is to be utilized for the purpose of producing light, motive power, or for other
purposes.
By the method of construction and arrangement described a current of Electricity
is generated in each coil of wire as each individual plate of the compound arm in
succession comes within and leaves the field of each pole of the magnet, the arms
being so arranged that the first plate of each arm has entered such field before
such plate has left it, and the first plate of the next succeeding arm has entered
such field before the last plate of the previous arm has left it, and in this way an
uniform, even, and constant current of electricity is generated, with a moderate
expenditure of power, by a machine of comparatively small size and weight.
Instead of paper saturated with paraffin as above described, we sometimes use
thin sheets of asbestos in the form of fibre or of paper.
We make the extremities of the arm described revolve as near as possible to
the poles of the fixed field magnet without touching the latter; and we sometimes
make some of the revolving arms of less diameter than the remainder, so that in
the recesses or grooves thus formed silk or other cord, or wire, may be bound round
the insulated coils of copper wire to retain the latter in their place and prevent
them from being displaced by centrifugal force, and for the same purpose the coils.
may be coated with cement of any suitable kind.
In the accompanying drawing which is in illustration of our invention, Figure 1
is a transverse section of a machine constructed in the manner just described, and
figure 2 is a separate view of the revolving helical armature, which is shewn
having three pairs of projecting helically shaped arms or ribs. a, a, is the field
magnet which may be of any suitable form and construction, b is a hollow central
axis carried in suitable bearings, and having fixed upon it the armature c consisting
of a large number of thin soft iron plates c¹, c' precisely similar and each having
six radial arins. Each succeeding plate c' has a slight angular advance in its
position up the shaft or axis b, as compared with the preceding one, so that the
whole series when adjusted and tightened by the nut d, form radial helical ribs
or teeth of any desired pitch and at equal distances apart. Round the helically
arranged arms, are wound coils of insulated wire e, of length and thickness
proportioned to the purpose to which the apparatus is to be applied, and the ends
of these coils are brought to a collecting and commutating or regulating device f,
of any of the ordinary well known kinds.
Instead of forming each arm of a large number of separate plates as described,
it may be formed of solid metal made or curved to the proper helical shape, as
illustrated in figures 3 and 4, in which is shewn a soft iron armature g having two
opposite parallel recesses in which the insulated wire coil or coils his wound, the
whole armature and coil are shewn in figure 4 twisted helically, in the same
manner and for the same purpose as in the arrangement first described, but the
armature is shewn of solid metal instead of being built up of separate thin plates.
As a modification of the arrangements described, the revolving armature may
be made with its arms parallel with its axis instead of helical, the poles of the field
magnet being made helical.
Or the arns of the revolving armature, and the poles of the field magnet, inay
both be made more or less helical.
above
Machinery or apparatus constructed according to our invention as
described, may be used to give out motive power by modifying the arrangement
of its parts so that electricity is supplied from any separate source to the coils of
insulated wire, which are thus caused to revolve within the poles of the field
magnet, and the power thus obtained may be utilized by means of driving
pulleys, toothed wheels, or other ordinary device for the purpose, upon the
revolving axis.
Having now described our invention and the manner in which it is to be
performed, we claim, In Electro-dynamo machines or electro-motive Engines, the

page_text: method of constructing the armatures, or field magnets, or both, of helical form,
substantially in the manner and for the purposes described and shewn in the
drawing.
In witness whereof, I the said Edmund Edwards, on behalf of myself and the
said Arthur French St: George, and Henry Louis Phillips, have hereunto set
my hand and seal this third day of April in the year of Our Lord 1883.
ADMIND
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