matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR MANUFACTURING LOZENGES, WAPERS, OR PASTILLES OF PASTY MATERIALS
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Jules Derrieij at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th July
1855.
I, JOSEPH JULES DERRIEIJ, Mechanician, of Paris (France), do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR
MANUFACTURING LOZENGES, WAPERS, OR PASTILLES OF PASTY MATERIALS
as follows:-
to be
The Invention relates to a mechanical arrangement for manufacturing
lozenges, wafers, and pastilles of pasty materials; and consists of a series of
rollers between which the paste passes for bringing the same to the required
thickness, after which the paste is carried forward between a revolving cylinder
and a movable sliding piece, which latter is provided at its under side with
suitable prodruding dies, placed opposite to punching plates fixed flush on the
outside of the cylinder, and in which other dies corresponding in number with
those of the sliding piece, and situated exactly opposite to these latter, are
made to move from the inside of the cylinder towards the outside by means of
suitable springs in the interior of the cylinder; this latter and the rollers are
made to revolve, and the sliding piece to move, by suitable gearing and prime

page_text: mover; and at each time the punching plates come in contact with the paste
and opposite the prodruding dies of the sliding piece, these latter cut out a
lozenge, wafer, or pastille from the paste between these dies and the movable
dies of the cylinder, which latter hereby are pushed partly in the interior of
the cylinder, and as this latter continues revolving, the thus formed lozenge is
thrown off, and falls on a receiver, whereas the superfluous parts cut off from
the paste fall on a revolving apron.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC WATERPROOF FABRICS OR MATERIALS, AND IN THE APPLICATION THEREOF
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd August
1855. A communication.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of Glasgow, North Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
METALLIC WATERPROOF FABRICS OR MATERIALS, AND IN THE APPLICATION THEREOF,"
a communication from Nicolas Ernest Theophile Petin, of Montmartre, near
Paris, in the Empire of France, Gentleman, to be as follows:-
53
This Invention relates to the manufacture or production of a new waterproof
material, which may be made either transparent or opaque.
This new fabric or material consists of metallic cloth or wire gauze as a
foundation, composed of any suitable metal, or of one or more metals combined
or woven together. This metal foundation is steeped in or coated with any
known waterproofing mixture, so as to fill up the interstices, and render it
both air and water proof.
For a transparent fabric the mixture may be composed of unctuous oils

page_text: boiled with litharge, of caouthouc, of collodion, of copal, of the gum of essential
oil, of turpentine, or of strong glue.
An opaque waterproof fabric may be made by coating the metal cloth with
gutta percha, bitumen, tar, or by simply covering the transparent ingredients
with a coating of oil paint, if it is to be even and smooth, or with sand if it is
desirable to render it fireproof; or sawdust, powdered glass, mother-of-pearl,
metal, or metallic products, may be used. It is also proposed to employ
mineral, vegetable, and animal substances for covering the fabric with. The
hair of animals and fabrics of all kinds, and paper and veneering of all kinds,
may also be employed. The material or fabric so prepared is then placed in a
stove to fix the substances of which it is composed, and afterwards it is exposed
to the air to dry thoroughly.
After each coating of waterproofing material the coat is allowed to dry, and
a subsequent one applied, and so on, until the requisite thickness is attained.
This new material or fabric may be employed in lieu of the waterproof
materials now in use for the purposes of coverings and cases, and for various
manufactures to which such materials are not at present applicable, such as the
construction of sword cases, helmets, articles of saddlery, decorations for rooms,
parts of carriages, ornaments, &c.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OR MEANS OF OBTAINING AND EMPLOYING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Greaves at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd October
1855.
I, THOMAS GREAVES, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Veterinary Surgeon, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OR MEANS OF OBTAINING AND EMPLOYING MOTIVE
POWER" to be as follows:-
The nature of my said Invention, which relates to improvements on a
Patent granted to me, and dated the Seventh day of October 1852, the
Specification of which describes the arrangement of a number of levers or
pullies with weights and counterbalance weights affixed to a beam, so that
motion being once given to them they will continue to move by their own
gravity, assisted by a water wheel; but instead of the beam playing upon one
shaft with two other shafts fixed upon or in it for the wheels to work on,
I now propose to have only one shaft to run through the beam, and also
through two large bevil wheels, the beam being placed between the said large
bevil wheels, one end of the beam forming a shaft for two pinions of different
sizes rivetted together, which gear into the bevil wheels, each of which have
two half .rims; one rim forming an inner or lesser circle, having teeth of the
same pitch gearing into one of the pinions, and the other rim forming an outer
or larger circle of another pitch, and gearing into the other pinion, the two

page_text: half circles forming a complete circle. This arrangement is to create a quicker
motion in one half revolution and a slower motion in the other half, and by
this means I allow for a stroke of the beam, and bring up the weights on the
large wheels exactly perpendicular with each other, one straight down and the
other straight up at each half revolution, the weights going in contrary
directions and balancing each other. I also dispense with the water wheel,
and in its stead I have two spur wheels, one on the same shaft as the large
wheels are on, to one of which it is rivetted. The other spur wheel, which I
call my driving wheel, is on a shaft that is worked by a crank connected with
the end of the beam opposite to where the pinions are placed, and which is
driven or forced up and down as the weights revolve, and lift or depress the
beam. I also have the weights drawn in by a connecting rod from an
eccentric upon the centre shaft as they ascend, and are thrown out as they
descend, the weights having rollers inside to cause them to run easily on the
arm that sustains them. I also use two sets of the said wheels, which revolve
in opposite directions upon the beam which creates the stroke, the object of
which is to produce a continuous force upon the crank shaft, because, if only
one set of wheels and one beam were used, they would only impart their force
whilst the weights were horizontal, and not any when perpendicular. By the
two sets one will be working at half centre and the other at quarter centre,
thus completing the revolution of the crank shaft, from which I impart the
motive power to any required purpose.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE DECORTICATION AND PRESERVING OF GRAIN AND SEEDS
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henri Sibille at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th June 1855.
I, HENRI SIBILLE, Merchant, of Paris, France, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE DECORTICATION AND PRESERVING
OF GRAIN AND SEEDS" to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of removing by disintegration or decomposition, partly
or entirely, the ligneous or outer pellicle of grain and seeds, by moistening the
same with or immersing them in a caustic alkaline solution, such, for instance,
as caustic soda or lime. This moistening or immersing may be effected by
band, or by means of any suitable mechanical arrangements. The grain or
seeds, after having been sufficiently submitted to the action of the alkaline
solution, are dried at once, or the same may be first washed and afterwards
dried, and will be found to yield more and better flour, keep for a greater
length of time, and germinate better than if left in the natural state.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER-CLOSETS
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Leftwich at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th October
1855.
I, CHARLES LEFTWICH, of 21, Munster Street, Regent's Park, County of
Middlesex, Lead Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER-CLOSETS" to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in so constructing the mechanism of water-
closets as that the valve thereof shall be raised in the basin instead of being
drawn downwards, as heretofore in use. And this is accomplished by means
of a segment arm connecting the valve with a radius arm, moving on a centre,
and under the command of a lever fixed in the seat. By this arrangement
the requisite working apparatus for effecting the purpose required is much
simplified, and consequently less liable to become deranged than others.
AN IMPROVED COMBINED ENGINE AND GAS EXHAUSTER, & ALSO IMPROVEMENTS IN THE VALVES OF SUCH EXHAUSTERS
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Stewart at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th December
1855.
I, SAMUEL STEWART, of 28, Clements Lane, in the City of London, Con-
sulting Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for AN
IMPROVED COMBINED ENGINE AND GAS EXHAUSTER, & ALSO IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
VALVES OF SUCH EXHAUSTERS, to be as follows:-
My Invention refers to an improved combination of gas exhauster and steam
engine, whereby action is communicated to the exhauster. It consists, in the
first place, in placing the piston of the gas exhauster, which is a cylinder or
double-acting pump, in direct communication with the piston of a steam or
other reciprocating engine; that is to say, the pistons of these parts are con-
nected to the same rigid rod, or otherwise rigidly connected, and reciprocate
uniformly and simultaneously with each other. In order to maintain the
due action of the machine, I connect the piston rod between the two cylin-
ders by a cross head, which has a slot or open space in the centre, and this
with a crank placed on a suitable fly wheel shaft; the crank pin slides or
moves in the slot of the cross head, as above mentioned, with the motion
of the piston rod, thus giving a rotatory movement to the fly wheel shaft,
or a connecting rod or rods may be used for the same purpose. n the fly
wheel shaft I place an excentric with which to work the steam slide valve
of the engine, and also an excentric with which to work a feed pump, as.
in the ordinary steam engine.

page_text: The exhauster consists of a double-acting pump or cylinder, similar to that
of a steam engine, into which a metallic or otherwise gas-tight piston or
plunger is made to work. I provide this cylinder with a single slide valve,
similar to that of a steam engine, but so arranged as to permit the tar or other
deposit in the cylinder to run freely off by the pipes. The slide valve of the
exhauster is worked by an excentric cam, or by other suitable motion, from the
fly wheel shaft, or other convenient part of the engine.
The said pump or exhauster, arranged with the slide valve as described,
may be actuated by any other suitable power for the purpose of exhausting
gas from clay or other retorts, in order to relieve them from internal pressure.
AN IMPROVE MENT IN BUTTONS
Year: 1855

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Mosley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th March
1855.
I, GEORGE MOSLEY, of Southwark, in the County of Surrey, Button;
Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVE
MENT IN BUTTONS" to be as follows:-
This Invention of an improvement in the manufacture of buttons consists in
making the shanks of glass, agate, or other buttons of an elastic material. The
material I prefer for this purpose is india-rubber covered with silk or other
fibrous substance; short pieces of this elastic cord or thread are passed through
a hole made in the centre of the button, and cemented therein; a small stud or
bead is fastened or cemented in the hole upon the upper or outside of the
button, so as to close or conceal the orifice.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OR METHOD OF CONSUMING SMOKE, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Grindley Craig at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
July 1855.
I, WILLIAM GRINDLEY CRAIG, of Gortou, near Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OR METHOD OF CONSUMING SMOKE, AND IN THE
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as follows:-
In locomotive or other boilers I propose to fix a tube to connect the mid-
feather or division in the fire box, by means of which I convey the fuel into
the inner chamber or division of the fire box, the said tube to be in com-
bination with an outlet one, forming a water space. I havo a door in con-
nection with the back plate of the ordinary fire box, and as an auxiliary I
put in fire bricks or lumps loosely, so as to form a separate bridge or shelf
at various distances or openings, through which the smoke passes.
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN PRODUCING ORNAMENTAL INSCRIPTIONS AND DEVICES ON GLASS
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Twist at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th July 1855.
I, SAMUEL TWIST, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT
OR IMPROVEMENTS IN PRODUCING ORNAMENTAL INSCRIPTIONS AND DEVICES ON
GLASS" to be as follows:-
My said Invention relates to such inscriptions and devices as are produced
on one side of a sheet or plate of glass, and are viewed on the other side, that
is to say, such inscriptions and devices as are produced on the back of a sheet
or plate of glass. The said inscriptions and devices, after having been drawn
in outline, and more or less tinted with black and various colours, are backed
up with silver or gold leaf, that is to say, the said gold or silver leaf, when
viewed from the front of the glass plate, constitutes the ground upon which
the inscription or device is made. Gold and silver, and other metals and
alloys in the form of leaf or foil, are generally employed for this purpose. My
Invention consists in the substitution of gold or silver or other metallic paper
in place of the said metallic leaf or foil; the said gold, silver, or other metallic
paper is more convenient in application and more economical than metallic
leaf or foil.
Although for convenience of description I have spoken of gold and silver

page_text: paper, yet I do not mean thereby such papers only as are coated with gold or
silver leaf, but such papers as, being coated with a white or a yellow metal
or alloy, are popularly known as gold and silver papers.
In carrying my Invention into effect I use paper covered with any kind of
metal or alloy, according to the effect I wish to produce.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SIZEING OR OTHERWISE PREPARING WARPS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Crankshaw at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th September
1855.
I, RICHARD CRANKSHAW, of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster, Manager,
do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR SIZEING OR OTHERWISE PREPARING WARPS FOR
WEAVING" to be as follows:-
My improvement consists in so arranging the machinery, that where narrow
warps (or those not of the ordinary full width) are required to be sized, the
inconvenience of the use of the ordinary beam may be avoided, and the labour
in sizeing economised; which improvement is accomplished, first, by dividing
the warps into two, three, or more widths; and, secondly, in providing two or
more warp beams in the sizeing machine, which are to be actuated by suitable
gearing, so that one beam may be caused to wind on whilst another is at rest,
if required. In the present machine the warp is brought or narrowed down
to the centre of the ordinary wide warp beam, and as a narrow warp has to
drive the same machinery as a warp of the full width, the warp is much dis-
tended by the extra strain; whereas by my improvements, when narrow warps
are required to be sized, they have each an independent beam, actuated by

page_text: suitable gearing, the strain upon the threads being decreased, as by having
two or more narrow warps passing through at the same time their power will
be fully equal to that of the full width single warp; the inconvenience of a
wide warp beam in the sizeing machine is also removed when only a narrow
warp is required to be prepared, and one workman is sufficient to superintend
the sizeing of two or more warps in the same machine.
MAKING SIGNAL COMMUNICATIONS BETWEEN THE GUARDS AND DRIVERS OF RAILWAY TRAINS IN TRANSITU, AND ALSO IN CASES OF ACCIDENTS MAKING CAUTIONARY SIGNALS TO TRAINS APPROACHING EITHER FROM BEFORE OR BEHIND
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Edward Flynn at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
September 1855.
I, HENRY EDWARD FLYNN, of Retreat, Ranelagh, in the County of
Dublin, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "MAKING SIGNAL COMMUNICATIONS BETWEEN THE GUARDS AND DRIVERS
OF RAILWAY TRAINS IN TRANSITU, AND ALSO IN CASES OF ACCIDENTS MAKING
CAUTIONARY SIGNALS TO TRAINS APPROACHING EITHER FROM BEFORE OR BEHIND,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in fixing in front, and facing the engine driver and
stoker, or in other suitable position, without impeding the forward view, an
adjustable mirror or reflector, of a one or more sided plane, flat, or other
surface, on which plane or planes fall or strike and are reflected the rays from
a powerful lamp, so placed on the guard's carriage or in other proper position
as to be capable of throwing on the driver's mirror or mirror such precon-
certed or conventionally agreed-on colored or non-colored lights as the proper
authorities may decide on as the best to be used by the guard to signal the
driver for the proper and necessary management of the engine or train under
certain circumstances.

page_text: Also, outside and fixed to the door at each side of the guard's carriage or
other proper position is a small adjustable mirror, which, facing backwards at
the proper angle, will at all times shew him whatever is approaching or over-
taking the train from behind. To signal approaching trains the guard's
carriage is supplied with at least two swing colored glass globular lamps, say
blue, with which he can signal an overtaking train. These lamps when lighted
can be hung upon a convolute scroll of iron or other metal, fastened to a
crutch-headed rod with a strong sharp-pointed iron ferule, so as to be easily
struck or pushed firmly into the ground. These lamps or crutch-headed rods,
should accident stop the train, are to be pushed into the ground, one as far
backward and the other as far forward as practicable; the colors to be
thrown by the guard's lamp to be decided on by the proper authorities, so that
they may be universally understood and adopted on all railways.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN PIANOFORTES, ORGANS, SERAPHINES, HARMONIUMS, AND OTHER MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS PLAYED WITH A KEY-BOARD, SIMILAR TO THAT OF A PIANOFORTE
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Barry at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th July 1855.
I, EDWARD BARRY, of Soho Square, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN
PIANOFORTES, ORGANS, SERAPHINES, HARMONIUMS, AND OTHER MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
PLAYED WITH A KEY-BOARD, SIMILAR TO THAT OF A PIANOFORTE," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to obtain what I term a transposition effect,
which, being applied to the pianoforte, the organ, the seraphine, the harmonium,
or such like keyed musical instruments, enables the performer to transpose his
music from one key to another, either one or two semi-tones above concert
pitch, or one or two semi-tones or more below concert pitch, using only the
same keys on the key-board of the instruments, each key on the key-board of
those instruments being made to produce five or more different sounds or
semi-tones. And in order to obtain this transposition effect, I insert in the body
of each instrument 5 or more notes or sounds above the number of keys in
the key-board, whether higher or lower in pitch, as may be desired, and by a
mechanical contrivance I cause the keys to act upon the different notes or
sounds in the body of the instrument, thereby raising or lowering the pitch
of the entire instrument at pleasure, and obtaining what I have before termed
the transposition ellect.
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF NECK AND DRESS CHAINS, BRACELETS, AND OTHER ORNAMENTAL ARTICLES OF DRESS, AND IN LINKS USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF THE SAID CHAINS AND OTHER ORNAMENTAL ARTICLES OF DRESS
Year: 1855

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Henry Ryland at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd March 1855.
I, THOMAS HENRY RYLAND, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF NECK AND DRESS CHAINS,
BRACELETS, AND OTHER ORNAMENTAL ARTICLES OF DRESS, AND IN LINKS USED IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF THE SAID CHAINS AND OTHER ORNAMENTAL ARTICLES OF DRESS,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in making the said chains of wood instead of jet and
the other materials of which the same are usually made. I make the links
of the said chains by the process of turning or otherwise, and I connect the
said links together by dividing alternate links on one side and springing
the intermediate links in the said divided ones. I then glue or otherwise join
the divided parts; or I cut alternate links into two semicircular parts, and
having introduced the whole links, join the divided ones by cementing, or by
pins, or other mechanical fastening. The chain thus made may either be left
of the natural colour of the wood or japanned, so as to resemble jet, or otherwise
ornamented. The links may be made of various forms, and divided at any
convenient place to suit the form of the link.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN CLOSING THE WINDAGE WHEN DISCHARGING CANNON
Year: 1855

page_text: vy the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Washington Bowlsby at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
6th March 1855.
I, GEORGE WASHINGTON BOWLSBY, of the Castle Hotel, Oxford Street, in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"AN IMPROVEMENT IN CLOSING THE WINDAGE WHEN DISCHARGING CANNON" to be
as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to close the windage when discharging
cannon, by employing a cup of soft inelastic metal introduced previously to the
ball or projectile; for which purpose a soft inelastic cup of metal, of about
the same diameter as the ball or projectile, is introduced into the gun before
the ball or projectile, and, by reason of the cup being of less diameter than the
bore of the gun, it will pass into it freely, when, on the ball being rammed into
the gun, the cup will be spread or opened, so as to close the windage all
round.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WIND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, IN THE NATURE OF THE BUGLE AND THE TRUMPET
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Michael Josef Nyilassy at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th January 1855.
I, MICHAEL JOSEF NYILASSY, of 13, Chandos Street, Covent Garden, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN WIND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, IN THE NATURE OF THE BUGLE
AND THE TRUMPET," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object means of combining into one wind musical
instrument the properties of the two musical instruments now in use called
the trumpet and the bugle. For this purpose, the bell is preferred to be
larger than is ordinary for a like size two-turn bugle, and it and the tube
thereto are of copper, there being, however, a brass rim to the bell and a brass
mouth-piece. Supposing this portion of the instrument be alone sounded, it will
be a bugle. Between the mouth-piece and the tube of the bugle is interposed
a tube of brass, a spring valve, and a tuning slide, by which combination,
when the valve is pressed on and the whole instrument is sounded, it becomes
a trumpet; and to protect the key of the valve, a guard is fixed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR TURNING AND SPREADING CUT GRASSES OR HAY
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Crosskill at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th April
1855.
I, ALFRED CROSSKILL, of Beverley, in the County of York, Civil Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR TURNING AND SPREADING CUT GRASSES OR HAY" to be as
follows:-
My improvements consist in a series of wheels for driving the revolving
rakes of the ordinary hay-making machine, arranged in such manner that the
two wheels which carry the machine will cause the rakes to revolve in two
different directions and at the same speed in both.
AN IMPROVE- MENT IN PLATES FOR ATTACHING ARTIFICIAL TEETH
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Abraham Eskell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
November 1855.
I, FREDERICK ABRAHAM ESKELL, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Dentist, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "AN IMPROVE-
MENT IN PLATES FOR ATTACHING ARTIFICIAL TEETH" to be as follows:-
My improvement relates to the plates or pieces to which artificial teeth are
affixed by rivets or other usual means for the purpose of attaching them to
the gums.
My improvement consists in coating or covering such plates with enamel,
which will entirely prevent any corrosion or uncleanness to which such plates.
are subject when placed in the mouth.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPLYING HEAT TO STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1855

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Humphrys at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th March
1855.
I, EDWARD HUMPHRYS, of Deptford, in the County of Kent, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPLYING
HEAT TO STEAM BOILERS " to be as follows:-
Heretofore in constructing steam boilers and furnaces for heating the same,
it has for the most part been usual to employ fire bars, and the ordinary
pressure of the atmosphere, though other arrangements have been proposed
and in some cases resorted to.
Now, my improvements consist of constructing steam boilers with a chamber
to receive the heat and products derived from a cupola or blast furnace in
connection with the heat chamber of the boiler. The heat and products of
combustion are distributed through the boiler by.tubes communicating with
the heat chamber. By this arrangement the coals will be more advantageously
burned, and the refuse will be tapped out of the cupola or blast furnace in a
fused state. I prefer that the cupola should be formed with fire brick or clay
on the inside, surrounded with a water jacket or compartment.
A PORTABLE FLOATING PIER OR BRIDGE, SEPARATING INTO SECTIONS, WHICH ARE DESIGNED AND ADAPTED FOR FORMING FLOATING VESSELS; ALSO FIXED AND MOVEABLE STRUCTURES ON LAND, SUCH AS SHEDS AND VEHICLES
Year: 1855

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Gerard at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th March
1855.
I, JOHN GERARD, of Guernsey, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A PORTABLE FLOATING PIER OR BRIDGE, SEPARATING INTO SECTIONS,
WHICH ARE DESIGNED AND ADAPTED FOR FORMING FLOATING VESSELS; ALSO FIXED
AND MOVEABLE STRUCTURES ON LAND, SUCH AS SHEDS AND VEHICLES," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists of portable floating vessels with moveable water-
tight decks, sides, ends, and bottoms, and sliding or folding frames, platforms,
stays, and supports, the whole being made and fitted together in sections
composed of and separating into duplicate parts, designed for forming a
portable extending pier, bridge, or platform for facilitating the embarking and
disembarking passengers, troops, cattle, stores, or merchandize, or for effecting
a passage or forming a roadway across water; the said sections and duplicate
parts being also designed and intended for forming works or buildings of
defence, shelter, or stores on land, and also adapted for forming waggons
or other vehicles. Each vessel, structure, or vehicle can be fitted together
or separated with facility and dispatch, and packed together so as to occupy
a comparatively small space for shipment or removal when not in use.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SOAP
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Antoine Roullion at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd January
1855.
I, ANTOINE ROULLION, Gentleman, of Paris, in the French Empire, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF SOAP" to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in introducing or incorporating all kinds of mineral
waters, whether natural or artificial, into or with soap, or into any other highly
divisible soluble substance, such, for instance, as clay; or, in other words, I
introduce the principal element of mineral waters in all suitable readily
workable and portable bodies, in order to enable the user of such soap, by
putting it into water, to enjoy a bath of mineral waters as readily and
with as little trouble as in taking an ordinary bath. I incorporate with all
kinds of soap, bi-carbonate of soda, salts of magnesia, of lime, &c.
AN IMPROVED CON- STRUCTION OF HAYMAKING MACHINE
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Peabody at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th April 1855.-A communication.
I, JOSEPH PEABODY, of Old Broad Street, in the City of London, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED CON-
STRUCTION OF HAYMAKING MACHINE" to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a novel arrangement of mechanism for turning over
and distributing over the ground cut grass, clover, &c., in order to expose it
to the drying action of the air and sunshine. The improved haymaker consists
mainly of a rectangular frame, supported at its ends by skids instead of
wheels, which slide over the ground. In the middle of the frame a central
driving wheel has its bearings. This wheel runs over the ground as the
machine is drawn forward by a horse, and communicates the rotary motion
which it thus receives through suitable gearing to a pair of scatterers, mounted
(on either side of the driving wheel) in bearings in the rectangular frame.
The scatterers consist simply of a barrel or axle, from the periphery of which
tines or rods project. The mown crop is taken up from the ground by a set
of parallel fingers, which stand out from the front part of the frame and form
a kind of horizontal rake, into which the grass is pushed by the forward
movement of the machine, ready to be taken up by the rotating scatterers.

page_text: The action of the scatterers is to lift up the grass or other mown crop and
throw it over the back frame of the machine; it then falls lightly, and is
evenly distributed over the ground.
The gearing which is contained within the periphery of the driving wheel is
encased by side plates, and is thus protected from being clogged by the grass.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OR METHOD OF CASTING ORDNANCE, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO CASTING CYLINDERS AND OTHER SIMILAR VESSELS
Year: 1855

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Fairbairn, William Andrew
Fairbairn, and George Fairbairn at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 10th October 1855.
We, THOMAS FAIRBAIRN, WILLIAM ANDREW FAIRBAIRN, and GEORGE FAIR-
BAIRN, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineers, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MODE OR METHOD OF CASTING ORDNANCE, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE
TO CASTING CYLINDERS AND OTHER SIMILAR VESSELS," to be as follows:-
Our said improvements consist in the use of hollow maundrils of metal or
other substance, instead of cores, to form the internal surfaces of the chambers
of guns, mortars, and other ordnance, as also of cylinders or other similar
vessels; such maundrils being formed accurately to the shapes of the surfaces
required in the castings, whereby the necessity of subsequent turning, boring,
or fitting is avoided. We keep the said maundrils in shape, and render them
capable of extraction from the casting by means of water, air, or other suitable
contrivance.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF WRITING AND PRINTING MUSIC TO FACILITATE THE STUDY THEREOF
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lewis Normandy at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th October
1855. A communication.
I, LEWIS NORMANDY, of 67, Judd Street, Brunswick Square, Civil Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, communicated to me
by l'Abbé Eugène Cormier, for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF WRITING AND
PRINTING MUSIC TO FACILITATE THE STUDY THEREOF," to be as follows:-
I make use of three different colours for the lines or musical scale, and by
means of the transposing scale so coloured the study of instrumental and of
vocal music will be found greatly facilitated.
The annexed Drawing is a specimen of my transposing scales, on which
two natural gamuts are written, the one in the major and the other in the
minor key; the do medium, or fundamental note of the key, is written on a
lower accidental dotted line of a green colour, and the mi is also on a green
line, which is the first on the scale of five lines for singing or medium
instrumental music. The notes si and fa are written on red lines, the first
of which is a dotted one. The notes sol, re,
latter being an accidental and dotted one.
may be required, besides the two on the specimen, should follow in the same
alternate order as on the said specimen; namely, the second upper accidental
line for the do should be dotted green; the third, for mi, should be green, and
and la are on black lines, the
All the accidental lines which

page_text: so on. In the same manner below the scale the 2nd accidental line should
be dotted black for la, the third one red for fa, and so on.
With the present system of writing, the keys become useless, for the dotted
green line on which the medium do is written may hold any position in the
--scale, according to the acuteness of the instrument for which the piece is
written.
For printing by one operation the three colours of the scale and the notes
of music, I make use of three plates in relief, one for each colour; they are
placed one above the other; the upper one bearing the characters and black
lines, the two others having lines only, which are engaged in narrow clefts of
the upper plate, which lines can be raised over the characters, or be with-
drawn in order to be inked, each one of a different colour. Then by a
suitable mechanical contrivance the characters or lines of the three plates are
brought to their respective and level position to be printed in the usual
manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CUTTING OR SAWING WOOD
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Léon de Parienté at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th May 1855.
-A communication.
I, LEON DE PARIENTE, of No. 128, Rue de Brabant, in the Faubourg de
Schaerbeck, next Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CUTTING OR SAWING WOOD"
to be as follows, videlicit :-
ribbon saw, having both ends welded
This endless band saw I place round
below, fixed to shafts which work in
The Invention consists in making a
together so as to make an endless band.
two pullies, one above and the other
suitable gearing set in the frame of the machine, and receiving motion by
driving bands which run upon other pullies placed on the same shafts.
The saw is thus caused to travel round the peripheries of these pullies when
the machine is set in motion by a steam engine or other motive power.
The saw passes through a table upon which the wood is placed to be cut.
There are guides placed at suitable distances to guide the saw and keep
it steady, and there is also a guide upon which grease or other lubricating
matter for the saw is put.
AN IMPROVED TEA OR COFFEE
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Etienne Francois Vion at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th October
1855.
I, ETIENNE FRANCOIS VION, of Paris, in the Empire of France, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED TEA OR COFFEE
"
PoT to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to a peculiar arrangement of the filtering apparatus,
which may be made to rise or to lower according to the quantity of coffee that
is put in it, & by this arrangement the filter being always placed above the
offee is prevented from being obstructed.
With this apparatus the essence of coffee may be obtained, first, by leaving
the water & coffee in contact as long as possible; secondly, by causing a jet
of steam to pass over the coffee, liquid coffee may be obtained, either by
infusion or steam & the vacuum combined.
I obtain these results by a new arrangement of the coffee or tea pot & of
the lamp. My coffee pot is, like all others, provided with two recipients,
separated from each other by a center bottom. The upper recipient serves to
contain the coffee in powder, the lower one receives it in a liquid state. In
the upper recipient there is a common filter, the inferior part of which is
provided with a rod, inserted into a hollow cylinder, which is fixed on the
separating bottom above mentioned, allowing the filter to be raised or lowered.
The lower recipient has an opening that may be opened or shut at pleasure,

page_text: and answers a double purpose, viz., descending the liquid into the lower
recipient, & letting in the air the moment the liquid is poured in.
The lamp consists of two cavities or recipients, one for containing the oil,
the other for enclosing the flame. The lamp is put out by being deprived of
air. The infusion is effected as usual.
When the coffee is to be infused by steam & the vacuum combined, a
suitable quantity of water is poured into the lower recipient. The coffee is
put in the upper one, & the lamp being lighted soon causes by ebullition
the water to ascend through the tube up in the filter, where it agitates
the coffee, & dropping down again it reaches the level of the lower end of the
tube; then the water still remaining in the lower recipient is converted into
steam, & escapes through the same tube into the upper recipient, where a
new stirring and infusion of the coffee take place.
A ring or collar is made to slide over some openings contrived in the lamp,
which is almost put out, only a little glow remaining to prevent a too quick
condensing.
AN IMPROVED COMPOUND OR MEDICINE FOR CHOLERA AND DIARRHOŒE
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Constantine Jennings at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
August 1855.
I, HENRY CONSTANTINE JENNINGS, of 8, Great Tower Street, Practical
Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "AN IMPROVED
COMPOUND OR MEDICINE FOR CHOLERA AND DIARRHOŒE" to be as follows:-
This improved compound or medicine consists of a combination of the
following ingredients :-
Anhydrous acetate of ammonia,
Tinctura opii,
Tinctura guava ammoniata,
Creta preparata,
Æther, sulphuric,
Essential oil mentha piperatæ,
Syrupus simplex.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FILTERING SUGARS AND OTHER SACCHARINE MATTERS
Year: 1855

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Leitch at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th December
1855.
I, JAMES LEITCH, Sugar Refiner, at Number One, Ellenborough Street, in
the Town of Liverpool, and in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare
the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FILTERING SUGARS AND OTHER
SACCHARINE MATTERS " to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the use of a series of filter bags, one being placed
immediately over the other, instead of the single filter bag now generally
employed. The bag first receiving the sugar or other saccharine matter is
made of a comparatively open material, and those placed under it of materials
gradually increasing in fineness or closeness down to the lowest. The whole
series of bags are suspended within a vessel in which an equal temperature
is maintained. By this arrangement a more effectual filtration is obtained
than by the ordinary methods, and the sugar or other saccharine matter
runs clear from the lowest bag from the beginning of the operation.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COUPLING RAILWAY CARRIAGES
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Henry Ingall at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th June
1855.
I, GEORGE HENRY INGALL, of Bartholomew Lane, Bank, in the City of
London, in the County of Middlesex, Gent", do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COUPLING RAILWAY CARRIAGES" to
be as follows, that is to say:-
My Invention of improvements consists in an improved mode or method of
coupling together the carriages of trains of carriages travelling upon railways.
By reference to the accompanying Drawings, Figure 1 being a side view of
the ends of two adjoining carriages, sufficient to explain my Invention, to which
my improved method of coupling is applied; and Figure 2, a plan view of
the same.
Upon the ends A, A, of the frames of the carriages I mount and apply the
two chains B, B, one upon each carriage, passing partially around the rollers
or pullies C, C, and thence partially around the other rollers or pullies D, D,
and attached to hooks E, E, E, E. The carriages are also coupled by the
coupling link F, consisting of a right and left handed screw, as usual, and the
ball & socket joints C', C', so that the chains are in a state of tension, as in
passing along curves of the railway the chains will move upon the rollers or
pullies, and still maintain the traction.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF HORSE-SHOES, AND WHICH SAID IMPROVE- MENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE SHOEING OF ASSES, MULES, AND OXEN, WHEN SUCH ARE USED AS ANIMALS OF DRAUGHT, SUCH SHOES BEING APPLIED IN EACH CASE WITHOUT THE USE OF NAILS
Year: 1855

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Cook at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th April
1855.
I, BENJAMIN COOK, Engineer, of Summer Row, Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF HORSE-SHOES, AND WHICH SAID IMPROVE-
MENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE SHOEING OF ASSES, MULES, AND OXEN, WHEN
SUCH ARE USED AS ANIMALS OF DRAUGHT, SUCH SHOES BEING APPLIED IN EACH CASE
WITHOUT THE USE OF NAILS," to be as follows, that is to say:-
My Invention consists in making the shoes necessary for the animals named
in the title in two parts, and united at the toes or heels, such parts having pro-
jections at certain places or continuously around on the outer edges, for the
purpose of clipping the hoofs; and the mode of securing this construction of
shoe is by means of a small cross bar laying across the back or in the hollow
of the hoof, such bar being tapped with a right and left handed screw, which
screws taking into parts suitable placed and tapped into suitable holes in the
two parts forming the shoe, which has only to be applied to the hoof of the
animal, and the cross bar turned round, which will have the effect of drawing

page_text: the two sides together, clipping the hoof in a firm and substantial manner.
This plan is capable of some modification, such as applying the shoe hot, so as
to burn away the hoof until a firm bearing is effected; and which also may
be obtained by filing, and again by uniting the two parts together by a strong
piece of india-rubber or gutta percha, so as to allow any expansion or con-
traction that may be required. This plan will be found highly advantageous
in many instances, but more especially to horses with tender feet, and into
which the driving of nails would be dangerous; and which shoes I propose
calling by the name of Cook's portable nailless shoes for horses, asses,
mules, &c.