IMPROVEMENTS IN WIRE CARD-COVERING FOR CARDING WOOL, SILK, FLAX, Tow, COTTON, JUTE, OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Scholes, of High Town, near Leeds, in the
County of York, Card Maker, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
WIRE CARD-COVERING FOR CARDING WOOL, SILK, FLAX, Tow, COTTON, JUTE,
OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES."
Scaled the 14th June 1861, and dated the 18th December 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Scholes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
December 1860.
I, WILLIAM SCHOLES, of High Town, near Leeds, in the County of York,
Card Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN WIRE CARD-COVERING FOR CARDING WOOL, SILK, FLAX, Tow,
COTTON, JUTE, OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
Heretofore in wire card-covering, the teeth or points of wire have been
arranged or placed in rows, or so as to form straight lines of the said teeth with
spaces betwixt them in the direction of or parallel with the sides of the leather or
cloth in which they are set. In some cases the points or prongs of the staples
in one horizontal or cross line of teeth are placed intermediate of the prongs
of the preceding and succeeding lines, thus dividing the spaces or distances of
the perpendicular lines formed thereby to one-half the width of the crowns of
the said staples. In "twills" the distance is divided into 3 or 4 by the
crossing of the prongs for 3 or 4 horizontal lines, but these still leave spaces
betwixt the perpendicular lines of points or prongs.

page_text: fill
My improvements consist in so arranging and constructing card-covering,
that only at considerable distances or great numbers of horizontal lines of
teeth the points or prongs shall fall in the same perpendicular line, and thus
up the entire width or all the spaces in the working direction of such card-
covering with points or prongs; to accomplish which, I take the width of
the crown or the space betwixt the prongs of one staple and divide it into
any given number of equal parts, which I set off horizontally on the covering,
and draw perpendicular or longitudinal lines through each division; then let
prongs of each succeeding 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, or more horizontal line of teeth
fall in each succeeding perpendicular line until they are all filled up, when
the same or similar process is repeated.
Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-fourth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said William Scholes, Her special license that I, the said William
Scholes, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, .the
said William Scholes, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN WIRE CARD-COVERING FOR CARDING WOOL, SILK, FLAX, Tow, COTTON,
JUTE, OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," upon the condition, amongst others,
that I, the said William Scholes, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Scholes, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement (that is to say) :-
Heretofore in wire card-covering the teeth or points of wire have been
arranged or placed in rows, so as to form straight lines of the said teeth,
with spaces betwixt them in the direction of, or parallel with the sides of the
leather or cloth in which they are set. In some cases the points or prongs of
the staples in one horizontal or cross line of teeth are placed intermediate of
the prongs of the proceeding and succeeding lines, thus dividing the spaces or
distances of the perpendicular lines formed thereby to one-half, one-third, or
one-fourth the width of the crowns of the said staples. . In "twills" the dis-
tance is divided into 3 or 4 by the crossing of the prongs for 3 or 4 horizontal
lines, but these still have spaces betwixt the perpendicular lines of points or
prongs.
My improvements consist in so arranging and constructing card-covering
that only at considerable distances or great number of horizontal lines of teethi
the points or prongs shall fall in the same perpendicular line, and thus fill up
the entire width or all the spaces in the working direction of such card-
covering with points or prongs.; to accomplish which, I take the width of
the crown or the space betwixt the prongs of one staple, and' divide it into any
given number of equal parts, which I set off horizontally on the covering, and
draw perpendicular or longitudinal lines through each division; then let
prongs of each succeeding 2nd, 3d, 4th, 5th, or more horizontal line of teeth
fall in each succeeding perpendicular line until they are all filled up, when the
same or similar process is repeated.
This Invention will be readily understood by reference to the accompanying
Sheet of Drawings, where Fig. 1 is the face or front side of a piece of card-
covering technically known as "fillitting," drawn on an enlarged scale in order
to shew more clearly the principle of setting out the points according to this
improvement, and Fig. 2 is the observe or crown side of the same. a are
three staples set in a cross or horizontal line, the prongs or points of which
being at equal distances apart from each other, I divide one of the crowns into
any number of equal divisions, and draw perpendicular lines through the
points of division, as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5; I also draw a diagonal or oblique line b
through the points and 5, with parallel lines through the other prongs,
which are produced or extended across the fillitting. Then at each inter-
section of the perpendicular lines 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, with the diagonal line 6 I draw.
horizontal lines 6, 7, 8, 9, also through the point 1, and the intersection

page_text: of the second oblique line b. I draw another diagonal line c with lines
parallel thereto, which are also extended across the fillitting. I have again
divided the spaces betwixt the horizontal lines into three equal divisions,
and drawn horizontal lines through them, and at each intersection of the
horizontal lines with the diagonal lines c I fix a point or prong of the
staples. It will be seen that the teeth or points are thus all regularly
arranged, and that all the width of the fillitting is filled up, or has a point or
prong in one or other of the horizontal lines, as shewn by the perpendicular
lines, which are parallel with the edges of the covering or fillitting. It will
also be observed, that this principle of arranging the points or prongs may be
extended to any number of horizontal lines, thereby filling up more or less in
the working direction as required.
Having thus fully described the nature of my said Invention, and the
manner in which the same is or may be performed or carried into practice, I
would have it understood that I do not confine myself to the precise arrange-
ment as herein shewn; but I claim the-so arranging the teeth, points, or
prongs of wire card covering as to fill up entirely the spaces or whole surface
thereof in the working direction substantially as herein described and illustrated
in the accompanying Sheet of Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Scholes, have hereunto set
W". SCHOLES. (L.s.)
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the
within-named William Scholes,
in the presence of
ARTHUR BENJ*. CROSSLEY,
Clerk to W. Tasker,
Patent Agent,
Halifax.