AN IMPROVED JOINT FOR METALLIC EARTHENWARE AND OTHER .PIPES OR TUBES
Year: 1885

page_text: We EDMUND SQUIRE NORCOMBE of Islington Row Birmingham in the County
of Warwick Engineer and DANIEL JOSEPH FLEETWOOD of Plough and Harrow
Road, Birmingham aforesaid public accountant do hereby declare the nature of our
said invention for AN IMPROVED JOINT FOR METALLIC EARTHENWARE AND OTHER
.PIPES OR TUBES, to be as follows :-
In making pipes by our method we thicken the mouth of the socket for a short
distance by forming on its edge an internal bead. And we also thicken the
opposite end or spigot by forming on its outer surface a step rising at a suitable
angle from the body of the pipe and terminating at the mouth in a similar bead at
right angles with the step. Care is taken to ensure that the bead and step on
the spigot shall pass the internal bead on the socket and leave sufficient annular
space for the packing, and when the packing has been caulked in, the pipes are to
be forced apart until the packing is coinpressed between the terminal beads and
fills up completely and solidly the annular space provided for the purpose.
In order to force the pipes apart a suitable tool may be employed adapted to
clamp on to the pipe taking its bearings against studs stops or other inequalities
formed on the pipe and operating against the socket by means of leverage or
screws. When 'this tool is removed the joints will be capable of deflection, under
pressure, but if desired they may be made rigid by the use of wedges, or the pipes
may be provided with snugs having set screws working therein or other suitable
arrangement, to force them apart instead of the tool just described.
The packing may be made of oakum tow or other material well saturated with
suitable plastic matter and shaped into the necessary form and between the folds
of the plastic packing a layer or layers of metallic packing may when requisite be
introduced in order to prevent the joints from being drawn completely apart under
pressure from subsidence or other cause when such pressure takes place the plastic
packing will allow a certain amount of telescopic action and admit of vertical or
horizontal deflection of the joint while preserving their soundness.
Dated this 7th d
PAYNE & TALBOT,
Agents for the Applicants.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Joint for Metallic, Earthenware, and other Pipes
or Tubes.
We EDMUND SQUIRE NORCOMBE of 97 Islington Row Birmingham in the
County of Warwick mechanical engineer and DANIEL JOSEPH FLEETWOOD of
12 Plough and Harrow Road, Birmingham in the County of Warwick Public
Accountaut do hereby declare the nature of our said invention for AN IMPROVED
JOINT FOR METALLIC EARTHENWARE AND OTHER PIPES AND TUBES and in what
Inanner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying
drawings and to the letters and figures marked thereon:-
In making pipes by our method we thicken the mouth of the socket for a short
distance by forming on its edge an internal bead And we also thicken the
opposite.end or spigot by forming on its outer surface a step rising at a suitable
angle from the body of the pipe and terminating at the mouth in a similar bead at
right angles with the step-Cure is taken to ensure that the bead and step on the
spigot shall pass the internal bead on the socket and leave sufficient annular space
for the packing and when the packing has been caulked in the pipes are to be
forced apart until the packing is compressed between the terminal beads and fills
up completely and solidly the annular space provided for the purpose.
In order to force the pipes apart a suitable tool may be employed adapted to
clamp on to the pipe taking its bearing against studs stops or other inequalities
formed on the pipe and operating against the socket by means of leverage or
screws. When this tool is removed the joints will be capable of deflection under
pressure but if desired they may be made rigid by the use of wedges, or the pipes
may be provided with smugs having set screws working therein or other suitable
arrangements to force them apart instead of the tool just described.
We pack our joints with such material as is best calculated to resist the action of
the fluids gas steam or compressed air intended to be conveyed through the pipes
giving the preference to gutta percha or india rubber whenever they can be
advantageously employed, but for convenience we will confine our description to
our method of preparing gutta percha packings.
We make the packings in rings to fit the joint and give to each ring a diagonal
slit of an inch more or less varying according to the diameter of the ring which
may then be easily opened and passed around the spigot and so inserted into the
annular space provided for it.
In some cases we make the packing ring with a core of rope or other suitable
material well saturated with pitch or other suitable plastic matter and covered or
coated with gutta percha sometimes the cores are formed in suitable lengths with
bevelled ends and then covered or coated and when formed into rings the meeting
of the overlapping bevelled ends will give a uniform thickness to the packing.
But we generally prefer to form the packing in moulds of shape and size to suit
the joints for which the packing is intended and in such cases we out the core an
inch more or less short of the circumference of the intended packing ring and we

page_text: fill up the gap in the mould, thus created with solid gutta percha indicating its
position by marks on the mould which impress themselves on the packing ring.
It is through this solid portion of the ring that the diagonal slit is made.
In either of the foregoing cases the overlapping surfaces of the packing ring will
unite under the pressure used in making the joint.
In some cases we use a metallic core with the object of preventing the joints
from being drawn completely apart under pressure from subsidence or other cause.
When desired the packing material may be cast into the joints and then com-
pressed between the terminal beads in manner already described and when the joint
is so made the pipes may be cast without any step on the spigot which in such case
is not needed but in all other respects they are to be formed in the manner already
described.
We will illustrate our invention as applied to a cast iron joint with sougs made
in accordance with our invention.
Fig. 1. is a half longitudinal section of a joint formed between the pipes (a)
and (b) (a) is the socket with terminal bead (a¹) (b) is the spigot with step (6')
rising at a suitable angle from the body of the pipe and terminating in the
bead (b) (c) is a snug of which two or more may be cast on the spigot end of
the pipe and through each of which a set screw (d) works against the socket (a)
(e) is a packing ring slipped on or if necessary caulked in and occupying the
annular space between the step of the spigot (b') and the inner surface of the
socket (a) within the beads (a) and (6") this annular space is uniform throughout
commencing between the bead (a) of the socket (a) and the body of the pipe (b)
rising over the step (6') and terminating with the bead (b).
Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section of a 4 inch pipe the joint having been made tight
by the partial withdrawal of the spigot (6) by means of the set screws (d) the
packing (e) now fills completely and solidily the annular space provided for the
purpose and the bead (a) partially closing the mouth of the joint prevents or
greatly checks the escape of the packing which is now gripped firmly between the
terminal beads (a¹) and (b¹¹).
Fig. 3. is a repetition of Fig. 1 with the addition of an external metallic ring (ƒ)
put on in. wedge shaped segments and held by the set screw (d) that tightens the
joint this ring by closing the mouth of the joint prevents the packing from being
forced out by internal pressure the joint so made will be rigid but admits of great
deflection in the act of laying and the shape of the external metallic segements may
be accommodated to the desired deflection so as greatly to save the employment of
bends and eccentrically shaped flanges In ordinary use for water and gas our
pipes are cast without snugs and we employ instead small portable screw Jacks or
other suitable tools which may be clamped on to the pipes taking their bearing
against beads studs stops or other irregularities formed on the pipes and operating
against the sockets and when the screw jacks or other tools are removed the joints.
will be capable of deflection the extent of which deflection will vary more or less
in proportion to the depth of the annular space provided for the packing ring and
the thickness of the packing ring between the terminal beads (¹) and (61).
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is
1st Constructing the joints of pipes and tubes by forming upon their ends the
beads and projections substantially as herein set forth and specified.
2nd Constructing the joints of pipes and tubes and making them secure by
forcing the pipes partially apart by screws leverage or other means substantially as
herein set forth and specified.
3rd Constructing a rigid joint for steam or other pipes and tubes by means of
external metallic rings in wedge shaped segments substantially as herein set forth
and specified.

page_text: 4th Packing the joints of pipes and tubes so as to make a perfect joint capable
of vertical or horizontal deflection and of tightening itself under deflection sub-
stantially as herein set forth and specified.
5th Packing the joints of pipes and tubes so as to make a perfect joint and
prevent the pipes and tubes from being drawn completely asunder under deflection
substantially as herein set forth and specified.