IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS, AND rF PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Charles Mann, Hat Manufacturer, of
New Wortley, near Leeds, and George Redihalgh, Hat and Cap
Manufacturer, of Trinity Street, Leeds, in the County of York, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS, AND
rF
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Charles Mann
and George Redihalgh at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 11th October 1872.
We, WILLIAM CHARLES MANN, Hat Manufacturer, of New Wortley,
near Leeds, and GEORGE REDIHALGH, Hat and Cap Manufacturer, of
Trinity Street, Leeds, in the County of York, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
HATS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as
follows, that is to say :-
Our Invention relates to the employment of machinery for the manu-
facture of gossamer, willow, or satin consolidated bodies for silk, plush,

page_text: worked by a bell-crank lever, the top end being fitted in a moveable
brass bush fitted in the head of a connecting rod fixed to an excentric.
This excentric is worked by the main shaft working the spur gear of the
lifting irons. The irons of the top motion can either work separately
or together, or be thrown out of gear when the side irons are working.
The under side of the brim is ironed up by means of another machiue.
The body when finished by the side, top, and top brim machine is taken
out and placed top downwards in a cast-iron box made to open in the
centre to place in the body. This box is then scrowed up tight by means
of hand screw gear. On the frame of this machine are fixed two curved
guides, in which are placed the irons. One of these irons is also heated
by gas or steam, and the other is a dummy or cold iron. These irons are
worked by means of straight levers put in motion by an
on a shaft fitted to the machine frame, and worked by a fast pulley.
One iron can be worked at a time, that is to say, when the heated iron
has done its work in working up the shellac to a pulp it is put or moved
out of gear, and the cold iron or dummy comes in operation to set the
shellac. This cold iron or dummy is also made on the face of iron,
copper, brass, or glass.
excentric fixed
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Charles Mann and George Redihalgh in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 18th March 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM
CHARLES MANN, Hat Manufacturer, of New Wortley, near Leeds, and
GEORGE REDIHALGH, Hat and Cap Manufacturer, of Trinity Street,.
Leeds, in the County of York, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eleventh day of October, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the thirty-
sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto us, the said William Charles Mann and George Redihalgh,

page_text: framing, in which is fixed a revolving shaft having a cast-iron disc plate
keyed on, and on it is placed two iron curved plates, on which the
body and block are fixed. This shaft is actuated by means of friction
cones, the top or inner cone having the disc shaft fixed to it, and the
bottom or outer cone the driving shaft. The revolving disc plate is put
in motion by means of the cones coming in gear, and stopped when
required by means of a forked lever throwing the friction cones in and
out of gear.
This forked lever is worked by a worm and worm wheel
actuated by a handle or wheel. Should the body be required to stop
suddenly, a friction belt is used acting upon a friction pulley cast on the
top conc.
On the frame top are fixed two guides working in slides by means of
screw gear to allow of moving backwards and forwards the irons. In
these guides are fitted the irons, which are made hollow, and work in and
out, taking the curve of the sides of the body by means of strong springs,
levers or weights. One of the irons is heated by gas or steam, and is
made with air holes to supply the atmospheric air to the gas heating the
iron, or made steam-tight when steam is used. The other is an iron
dummy to set the shellac when ironed up by the heated iron. The face
of this iron dummy is made of iron, copper, brass, or glass. These irons
have an up-and-down motion for ironing the sides of the body, which body
in revolving and coming in contact with the heated working iron causes
the shellac to dissolve, which is set by the dummy being put in operation.
The irons are worked by means of excentrics actuated by spur gear
worked by the driving shaft. The gear working the eccentrics and irons
is so constructed that the heated iron can be working, and the cold iron
or dummy at rest, or the dummy can be acting and the heated iron at
rest, or both can work together, or be thrown out of gear.
The top side of the brim is ironed by means of the bottom part of the
irons having a curve suitable to the shape of the brim and curved plates,
the bottom part of the heated and cold iron coming in contact with the
brim at each stroke of either iron.
On the frame top is also fixed a cast-iron pillar, on which is fitted a
moveable guide receiving the two top irons for ironing the top of the
body. These irons receive their motion by means of connecting rods, and
are made to work together with the side irons, or separately, and are

page_text: worked by a bell-crank lever, the top end being fitted in a moveable
brass bush fitted in the head of a connecting rod fixed to an excentric.
This excentric is worked by the main shaft working the spur gear of the
lifting irons. The irons of the top motion can either work separately
or together, or be thrown out of gear when the side irons are working.
The under side of the brim is ironed up by means of another machine.
The body when finished by the side, top, and top brim machine is taken
out and placed top downwards in a cast-iron box made to open in the
centre to place in the body. This box is then screwed up tight by means
of hand screw gear. On the frame of this machine are fixed two curved
guides, in which are placed the irons. One of these irons is also heated
by gas or steam, and the other is a dummy or cold iron. These irons are
worked by means of straight levers put in motion by an excentric fixed
on a shaft fitted to the machine frame, and worked by a fast pulley.
One iron can be worked at a time, that is to say, when the heated iron
has done its work in working up the shellac to a pulp it is put or moved
out of gear, and the cold iron or dummy comes in operation to set the
shellac. This cold iron or dummy is also made on the face of iron,
copper, brass, or glass.
The machine for ironing the sides, top, and top brim can be used for
ironing or finishing hats by using fixed irons instead of lifting ones.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Charles Mann and George Redihalgh in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 18th March 1873.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM
CHARLES MANN, Hat Manufacturer, of New Wortley, near Leeds, and
GEORGE REDIHALGH, Hat and Cap Manufacturer, of Trinity Street,
Leeds, in the County of York, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eleventh day of October, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the thirty-
sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto us, the said William Charles Mann and George Redihalgh,

page_text: Her special licence that we, the said William Charles Mann and George
Redihalgh, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others.
as we, the said William Charles Mann and George Redihalgh, our cxe-
cutors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS, AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED
THEREIN," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said
William Charles Mann and George Redihalgh, our executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their, on
one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said William Charles Mann and George
Redihalgh, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement, reference
being had to the Drawings hereto annexed, and to the figures and
letters marked thereon, that is to say:-
The said Invention relates to the employment of machinery for the
manufacture of gossamer, willow, or satin consolidated bodies for silk,
plush, paramatta, Italian cloth, pull-over felt, or other material for
manufacturing hats and caps, or for finishing the same.
For this
purpose, we first proof the calico or other material in a whole piece
after stoving, we then divide it into different widths suitable for any
depth of hats required. The robins are made in the same way and
divided according to required widths, they are then rolled on bobbins
and ready for the machines.
The bobbins with the rolled material for the foundation are then fixed
on a machine baving two revolving rollers through which the foundation
passes, travelling onward over a damp roller having a heated revolving
iron roller upon the surface. The foundation is then rolled upon the

page_text: Dody Drock fixed upon a revolving iron plate and pressed by revolving
india-rubber rollers, or made of any other suitable material. The block
revolving winds round the foundation, and at each turn is kept tight
and in its place by means of a series of needles or teeth fixed in a lock
box, and in the block and working in and out of the block by means of
an eccentric, that is to say, the foundation after having taken one turn
by means of the revolving block is kept fixed by the needles or teeth
entering the prepared material forming the foundation. When taking
another turn the needles or teeth are pressed in the block, allowing of
the foundation material wrapping round, and directly the over wrapping
takes place the needles or teeth come into play.
The top of the body of the hat is stretched and fixed to the body by
means of irous heated by gas or steam, and pressed by springs, levers,
or weights. The brim is then put on the foundation and secured by
a robin which passes through two revolving rollers. The body is then
covered with strips of calico or other suitable material in a similar
manner to that employed in forming the foundation. The square or
crown of the hat is also similarly operated upon by passing through
revolving rollers, and fixed by needles or teeth working in and out by an
eccentric motion.
The bodies of the hats are then placed on a machine having revolving
blocks and stationary brushes, fixed in boxes in which dissolved shellac
is placed, the bodies of the bats revolving and coming in contact with
the brushes receive the dissolved shellac which is spread evenly on; they
are then put in a stove to dry.
The body when dry is placed in a machine to iron up the sides, top,
and top brim. This machine is constructed with a strong cast-iron
framing in which is fixed a revolving shaft having a cast-iron disc plate
keyed on, and on it is placed two iron curved plates on which the body
and block are fixed. This shaft is actuated by means of friction cones,
the top or inner cone having the disc shaft fixed to it, and the bottom
or outer cone the driving shaft. The revolving disk plate is put in
motion by means of the cones coming into gear, and stopped when
required by means of a forked lever throwing the friction cones in and
out of gear. This forked lever is worked by a worm and worm wheel
actuated by a handle or wheel. Should the body be required to stop

page_text: suddenly, a friction belt is used acting upon a friction pulley cast on the
top conc.
On the frame top are fixed two guides working, in slides by means of
screw gear, to allow of moving backwards and forwards the irons. In
these guides are fitted the irons which are made hollow, and work in
and out and made to take the curve of the sides of the body by means
of strong springs, levers, or weights. One of the irons is heated by gas
or steam, and is made with air holes to supply the atmospheric air to
the gas heating the iron, or made steam-tight when steam is used. The
other is an iron dummy to set the shellac when ironed up by the heated
iron. The face of this iron dummy is made of iron, copper, brass, or
glass. These irons have an up-and-down motion for ironing the sides
of the body, which body in revolving and coming in contact with the
heated working iron causes the shellac to dissolve, and which is set
again by the dummy being put in operation. The irons are worked by
means of eccentrics actuated by spur gear worked by the driving shaft.
The gear working the eccentrics and irons is so constructed that the
heated iron can be working and the cold iron or dummy at rest, or the
dummy can be acting and the heated iron at rest, or both can work
together or be thrown out of gear.
•
The top side of the brim is ironed by means of the bottom part of the
irons having a curve suitable to the shape of the brim and curved plates,
the bottom part of the heated and cold iron coming in contact with the
brim at each stroke of cither iron.
On the frame top is also fixed a cast-iron pillar on which is fitted a
moveable guide receiving the two top irons for ironing the top of the
body. These irons receive their motion by means of connecting rods,
and are made to work together with the side irons or separately, and are
worked by a bell-crank lever, the top end being fitted in a moveable
brass bush fitted in the head of a connecting rod fixed to an eccentric.
This excentric is worked by the main shaft working the spur gear of
the lifting irons. The irons of the top motion can either work separately
or together, or be thrown out of gear when the side irons are working."
The under side of the brim is ironed up by means of another machine.
The body when finished by the side, top, or top brim machine is taken
out and placed top downwards in a cast-iron box made to open in the
centre to place in it the body. This box is then screwed up tight by

page_text: means of hand screw gear. On the frame of this machine are fixed two
curved guides in which are placed the irons. One of these irous is
made so as to be heated by gas or steam, and the other is a dummy or
cold iron. These irons are worked by means of straight levers put in
motion by an eccentric fixed on a shaft fitted to the machine frame and
worked by a fast pulley. One iron can be worked at a time, that is to
say, when the heated iron has done its duty by working up the shellac
to a pulp it is put or moved out of gear, and the cold iron or dummy
comes in operation to set the shellac. This cold iron or dummy is also
made on the face of iron, copper, brass, or glass.
0
The machine for ironing the sides, top, and top brim can be used
for ironing or finishing hats by using fixed irons instead of lifting irons.
But in order to enable our improvements to be better understood, we
will proceed to describe the same by reference to the accompanying
Drawings, in which Figure 1, Sheet 1, represents a front elevation of a
body building machine; Figure 2, front view of a lock box; Figure 3,
back view; and Figure 4, plan of the same.
Figure 1, Slicet 2, represents a sectional front view of an ironing up
machine; Figure 2, sectional side view of the same; and Figure 3,
enlarged side view of a top iron.
Figure 1, Sheet 3, represents a plan of an ironing up machine; and
Figure 2, a plan of the same with top plate removed, shewing working
gear for putting the irons in motion.
Figure 1, Sheet 4, represents a sectional front view of another method
of working the irons for the ironing up machine; Figure 2, plan of
same; Figure 3, eccentric motion for the hat body; and Figure 4, plan
of the same.
Figure 1, Sheet 5, represents a side elevation of the under side brim
ironing up machine; Figure 2, front elevation of the same.
Figure 1, Sheet 6, represents a sectional front view of the under side
brim ironing up machine; and Figuro 2, plan of the same.
Similar letters of reference are used for each machine to represent

page_text: 1
The foundation of the body being prepared as herein-before described
is rolled on the body building machine. Figure 1, Sheet 1, a loose
pulley for the purpose of turning on the shaft S when the clutch is not
in gear; B, clutch sliding on the shaft S and gearing in the clutch B';
C, brackets, back and front, carrying the clutch lever D; D', lever
with weight to force the clutch B in gear with the clutch B'; E, clutch
formed on the cone F and cast on the clutch B' in which the clutch
lever D works; F, cone acting on the steel pulley G; G, steel pulley
fixed on a sliding shaft R; the end of this sliding shaft is attached to a
rod Hat one end, and to the other end of the rod H is fitted a lever on
which is formed a treadle K; I, bearer in which works the treadle lever;
L, frame work of the machine; M, sliding head for the purpose of being
moved on the top frame for fixing in the hat body blocks; N, wooden
blocks on which are wrapped the foundation of the bodies; O, iron
plates in which the pins P are fitted; P, iron pins fixed in the plates O
and entering the wood blocks N, keeping them secured. The wood
blocks N being set in motion by means of the clutch B coming in gear,
which is effected by the steel pulley G being lowered by the action of
the treadle K; this steel pulley G allows the cone and consequently
the clutch B to come into action through the weighted lever D acting
on the clutch lever D', therefore turning the wood blocks N; when one
turn has been made with the foundation the treadle is relieved and the
steel pulley G comes again in position and throws out of gear the
clutch B'; when another revolution is required the foot is again placed
on the treadle and another turn made.
Figures 2, 3, and 4, Sheet 1, represents a lock box fitted in the
wooden block of the hat body on which the foundation is made; A,
brass plate with locks C working in the lock spaces C¹ made in the
other brass plate B; at the back of the brass plate A are fitted a series
of needles E which work through holes made in the end of the plate B;
these needles are worked in and out by means of a key forcing in and
out the lock C and D; when the foundation has received a turn on the
body foundation machine the key is turned which forces the needles
out and passes them through the foundation material; when another.
turn of the body foundation machine is required, the needles are pressed
in by a reverse motion of the key and the foundation material allowed
to take another turn when the needles are again put in operation.

page_text: Figures 1 and 2, Sheet 2, and Figures 1 and 2, Sheet 3, ironing up
machine. A, cast-iron frame on which is fitted a top plate B; in this
cast-iron frame is fixed a revolving shaft C; this shaft is actuated by the
drum D, through a strap worked by another drum fixed on a main shaft;
to the revolving shaft C is fitted the outside friction cone E working in
the inner friction cone F; this inner friction cone gives motion to the
shaft G on which is fitted a top revolving disc plate-H; on this plate is
fitted two curved plates I having ovals cut in the centre equal to the oval
of the required hat; on these plates I is placed the hat body which has
previously been prepared as herein-before described; the hat body is
wrapped round a wooden block which is left longer than the body of the
hat, consequently fits in the oval of the curved plates I, and is kept
fixed therein by the said plates being screwed up tight by a hand gear.
On the top plate Bare fitted guides K in which work the sliding
blocks ; these sliding blocks are made to move in and out by means
of the screws M, so that when the body of the hat is finished, or has to
be put in the machine, the sliding blocks can be moved out, as shewn in
Figure 1, Sheet 2; this arrangement allows of working the heated iron
leaving the dummy or cold iron at rest, or both can be worked together.
In the sliding blocks L work the guides N, on the end of which are
fitted the irons O and O'; these irons are actuated by means of.the
eccentrics P and P', which are worked by the spur gear Q; this spur
gear receives motion through the revolving shaft G, through the bevil
wheels R, Figure 2, Sheet 3; these bevil wheels R work the shaft S, on
which is fitted the sliding spur wheel Q, working either in the spur
wheel Qor Q; the sliding spur wheel Q is moved from either the spur
wheel Q' or Q, as the irons require to be put in action, and which are
actuated by the clutch gear T; the spur wheel Q' works the heated
iron O, and the spur wheel Q2 the cold iron or dummy; these wheels
consequently turn the shafts U and U', giving motion to the eccentrics
P and P¹; these eccentrics, by means of the eccentric rods V and V',
give an up-and-down motion to the irons O or O'.
The hat body revolving and having previously been prepared with
shellac, coming in contact with the heated iron O is ironed up, but as
the hat is oval the iron is required to have an in-and-out motion to suit
the different curves of the revolving hat body; for this purpose the irons
are fitted in sliding blocks, and kept to the different curves by means of

page_text: the springs W; the guide of the sliding blocks X is kept from moving
by means of the lugs Y (see plan Figure 1, Sheet 3) and the rings X';
the hot iron is heated by gas, steam, or heated iron; L', guide rods
keeping the irons and guide blocks from moving out of position;
Z, pedestals in which the shafts C and G work; Z', hand gear working
the clutch for the purpose of throwing the cones in or out of gear.
On the top plate is also fixed an iron column A' on which is fitted the
top iron guide B; this guide is so arranged that it can turn on the
axle C, allowing for the placing or taking out of the hat body; this
guide B is also kept in its place by means of a hand wheel C³ working
on the screw C', forged on the wrought iron column C³; in the centre of
the guide B² is fitted a screw D', having a hand wheel D²; this screw is
for the purpose of keeping the hat body and wooden block firmly fixed
in its place; the screw C' is right handed, and the screw D' left handed;
in the guide B are cut guides E¹ in which the top irons work; one of
these top irons is also made so as to be heated, and one cold or dummy;
they are actuated through the shaft S, and by means of an eccentric F¹
keyed thereon; this eccentric works the eccentric rod F, in the head of
which is fitted a brass turning disc F; in the disc passes an iron pin G!
fitted in a cross bar of the bell crank G²; the eccentric rod F gives a
rocking motion to the bell crank G; on the end of the long levers of the
bell cranks are fitted connecting rods H' working the top irons I¹ forward
and backward; these irons can also be worked separately or together,
that is to say, that the heated iron can be worked and the cold iron at
rest, or the cold iron can be worked and the heated iron at rest, or
both can be in operation together; these top irons work at the same
time as the up-and-down irons, or can be worked separately; J', frames
in which is fixed the shaft carrying the bell crank G².
Figure 3, Sheet 2, enlarged view of the top iron with lifting gear;
I', heated iron fitted in a slide box I; on this slide box are cast lugs K',
and on the iron are cast lugs K²; in the lugs K₁ are fitted pins K³
working through the lugs K³; between the lugs K¹ and K² are fixed
springs K; these springs keep the iron pressed on the hat body top.
To lift up the irons previous to putting them in action a gear is provided
in which L' is a bracket fixed by screws to the side box I; this bracket
carries a pin L³ on which is fitted the lever L'; on the iron I' is fitted a
pin M'; by pressing down the lever L' by means of the handle N', the

page_text: iron is forced up in the slide box 1; N, air holes for admitting atmos-
pheric air to the gas, when gas is used.
Figures 1 and 2, Sheet 4, represent another method of working the
up-and-down irons; A, frame on which is fitted the pedestals H, in
which works the shaft B, which in revolving turns the disc plate I; this
shaft B is actuated by bevil wheels C and D; on the wheel D is cast a
clutch box for the purpose of throwing the wheel D in and out of gear.
The wheel D is put in motion by means of the shaft F on which a fast
pulley G and loose pulley G' are fitted; the shaft B in revolving works
the disc plate I, and turns the body of the hat K. A similar motion is
given to the lifting gear of the irons as represented in Sheets 2 and 3;
but the irons have an elbow motion and work from a centre L, the
eccentrics lifting the irons up, but with the curve of the hat body;
springs M are also fixed between the guide block of the irons and the
top of the pins N forcing the bottom of the irons on the top brim of the
lat; O, irons; P, guides for the iron arms S to work in; Q, guides for
working the guide S in and out; R, hand screw gear for working the
Baid guides S.
Figures 3 and 4, Sheet 4; K, body of the hat fixed in the plates E, as
herein-before described; on the plate I is cast a boss F, in which is
fitted a stud A; this stud works in a groove C cast in the top plate E;
this groove C is made with the same curve as the hat required, and cach
different sized hat and curve will require a different plate; in the
plate D is cut an opening I to allow for the difference in the length of
the curves; this motion allows for the difference in the oval of the hat,
and irons can be used either fixed or with springs, as hercin-before
described.
Figures 1 and 2, Sheet 5, and Figures 1 and 2, Sheet 6, represent an
under side brim ironing up machiuc. A, iron box made in two parts
for the purpose of putting in the hat body after it has been ironed up in
the ironing up machine herein-before described; this box opens by
means of the screw shaft. E actuated by the handle G, which passes
through a screw cut block F; the screw shaft when screwed up is kept
in its position by means of the screw I worked by the handle I'; the
box A travels in an opening provided in the top frame D of the machine,
when the body is placed in the box A the brim of the hat rests on the

page_text: top plate A¹; the machine is then put in operation. On the frame D of
the machine are fitted guides B having sliding openings H, in which
work the irons R and S; these irons have a forward and backward
motion by means of the levers C which are actuated through the
connecting rods M, one of which is fitted to a crank O, and the other
to an eccentric O'; the crank and eccentric are fixed to a driving shaft
and worked by the fast pulley U, a loose pulley U₁ is also used; the
levers C being put in operation by the connecting rods M have a rocking
movement and work on the pin C'; this rocking motion causes the irons
to move forward and backward to iron the under side of the brim of the
hat body; one iron only is used at a time, that is to say, when the heated
iron has done its duty the cold iron or dummy S comes into play, which
action is effected by means of the hand gear; K, levers to which arc
fixed weights L; these levers K work together by means of the stay
rods V, and slot holes L' are made in which fit studs attached to the end
of the iron trunnions or axles; brasses made with hollow bottoms fit on
the trunnions, so that when the heated iron has to be removed, the
levers K lift the brasses X off the trunnions of the heated iron on to the
trunnions or axles of tho cold iron or dummy, which then comes into
play; P, springs fixed on the brasses Q, keeping the irons pressed on the
brim; R, iron; W, gas pipe for heating the iron.
The machine, Sheets 2 and 3, is used for ironing or finishing hats;
the irons are here fixed instead of moveable.
Having thus described our improvements and the best means we arc
acquainted with for carrying the same into effect, we would have it
understood that we do not confine ourselves to the precise details shewn
and described, as these may be varied without departing from the
peculiar character of the Invention, but what we do claim is,―
Firstly. The making hat bodies by machinery, substantially as
described and represented in the accompanying Drawings.
Secondly. Working the irons with an in-and-out motion, so as to take
the different curves of the hat by means of springs and sliding blocks,
substantially as shewn and described.
Thirdly. The method of working the top irons together with the side
5 irons, substantially as described.

page_text: Fourthly. The ironing up the under side of the hat brim, substantially
as described and represented in Sheets 5 and 6 of the accompanying
Drawings.
In witness whereof, we, the said William Charles Mann and George
Redihalgh have hereto set our hands and seals, this Eleventh 5
day of March, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and seventy-three.
Witness,
WALTER JAMES TURNER, C.E.,
Patent Agent,
Bradford.
GEORGE REDIHALGH. (L.S.)
W. C. MANN.
(L.S.)