IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLERS OR CYLINDERS POR PRINTING OR STAINING THE SURFACES OF WOVEN FABRICS, YARNS, PAPER, AND OTHER MATERIALS
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Chadwick, of Castleton Print Works, near
Rochdale, in the County of Lancaster, Manager, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLERS OR CYLINDERS POR PRINTING OR STAINING THE
SURFACES OF WOVEN FABRICS, YARNS, PAPER, AND OTHER MATERIALS."
Sealed the 15th June 1858, and dated the 15th December 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Chadwick at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th December 1857.
I, JAMES CHADWICK, of Castleton Print Works, near Rochdale, in the
County of Lancaster, Manager, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLERS OR CYLINDERS FOR PRINTING OR
STAINING THE SURFACES OF WOVEN FABRICS, YARNS, PAPER, AND OTHER MATERIALS,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention, which is an improvement on the Invention for which I
obtained Provisional Protection on the 16th day of October 1857, consists of
casting the various parts of the patterns the same as or similar to the types
used for & nailed or otherwise fastened to blocks for block printing. 1 secure
the said types to a roller made of iron or other suitable metal, and to secure

page_text: them with perfect accuracy I construct a machine or apparatus with four
steps or rests so adjusted that two rollers being placed thercon shall be
perfectly parallel. I have also points moving over the centres of the said
rollers longitudinally, so as to describe a perfect parallel line on each roller at
the same time. To the end of each of these rollers I fix a spur wheel of such a
size that the two when put on shall run one into the other, so that when one
roller is turned the other will turn the same distance, thereby insuring that
when the two points aforesaid being fixed in slides perfectly over the longi-
tudinal centre of the two rollers shall be moved, truly parallel lines will be
described at one and the same time on each roller.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Chadwick in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
15th June 1858.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
CHADWICK, of Castleton Print Works, near Rochdale, in the County of
Lancaster, Manager, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twenty-first year of Her
reign, did, for Ilerself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said James Chadwick, Her special licence that I, the said James Chadwick,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
James Chadwick, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thoreafter
during tho term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
ROLLERS OR CYLINDERS FOB PRINTING OR STAINING THE SUBPACES OF WOVEN
FABRICS, YARNS, PAPER, AND OTHER MATERIALS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said James Chadwick, by an instrument in writing under
my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Chadwick, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement (that is to say) :-
My Invention consists of improved modes of employing the metal types at
present used in block or surface roller printing, which types have been hitherto
nailed or otherwise fastened to wooden blocks or wooden surface rollers.
To the usual typed surface rollers there are many objections; firstly, the
body being wood renders it liable to alter in its shape or configuration by
exposure and use; and, secondly, by its light weight it works unsteady in the
machine, and therefore does not register accurately. The ordinary surface
rollers generally require also a different step in the machine to run in, and
also different wheels to drive them, whereas I dispense with these incon-
veniences, inasmuch as the brass, iron, or other metal roller, which constitutes
the body of my roller, is made the same as an ordinary engraved copper
roller, and consequently fits the same maundril, and requires only the same
wheels. The usual wooden surface roller also requires a new body for each
new pattern, whereas by my Invention one metal roller will answer for an
unlimited number of patterns, because the types can easily be removed and
those of a different pattern secured, the same screws and holes being sufficient.
I now propose to fix the types to a roller or rollers made of iron or
any other suitable metal, the said roller or rollers being drilled at given
intervals, and the holes tapped to receive set screws which pass through the
blank parts of the types. Other means of securing the types to metal rollers
may be adopted, such as soldering or cementing, but the foregoing plan will
be found the most effective and advantageous. In order that the types may
be arranged on the rollers with perfect accuracy and register, I employ a
machine whereby perfectly parallel lines and cross lines can be drawn on two
rollers at the same time, and the relative positions determined of each part of
the pattern on each roller. The said machine or apparatus has four steps or
bearings, so that two rollers when placed thereon shall be perfectly parallel.
It is also fitted with a slide moving longitudinally by means of a rack and
pinion or other mechanical contrivance; the slide being furnished with adjust-
able points placed over the centres or other desired positions of the rollers, so
that a perfectly parallel line can be made on each roller at the same time, and
also various points or positions determined parallel to each other, so that the
types can be accurately placed on the roller, and other measuring, setting, and
adjusting operations performed.

page_text: To the ends of the roller shafts I fix spur wheels, either geared into each
other or into a carrier wheel; in either caso the wheels on the shafts are of the
samic size, so that when motion is given to them each roller will turn exactly
the same distance, and tho points in the sliding piece moving perfectly parallel
to each other describe the relative positions of each part of the pattern on
each roller.
These improvements will be clearly understood by reference to the accom-
panying Sheet of Drawings, with the figures and letters of reference thereon,
in which Fig. 1 is a front elevation of the machine or apparatus for ruling,
measuring, setting, and adjusting. Fig. 2 is a plan of the same, and Fig. 3
an end view thereof; a, represents legs or standards for supporting the body
or frame b, to which the steps or bearings c are adjusted and fixed; the said
steps support the shafts d which carry the rollers e, and also tho spur wheels f,
into which is geared the carrier wheely, so that when motion is given the
rollers move an equal distance in the samo direction.
The upper parts of the sides of the frame a are true and parallel, and are
fitted with the slides h, to which is connected the cross frame i, carrying the
points or markers k, which are graduated towards the tops and held firm.
by the screws 1. The slides have holes for bearing the cross shaft m
furnished with the wheel or handle n, and also with a pinion o geared into the
stationary rack p, so that when the handle is turned the slides and markers
move longitudinally, thereby ruling parallel lines, or setting positions for the
fixing of the types, or for any other purpose, such as testing the accuracy of
engraved rollers, &c.
The correctness and certainty obtained by this machine in conjunction with
the method of aflixing types to metal rollers by means of set screws, or
soldering or cementing the same, enables me to form. surface typed rollers
possessing all the solidity of the usual engraved rollers, the inaccuracies and
imperfections arising from the use of wood rollers being thus avoided.
laving thus fully described the nature of my said Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, I'desire it to be distinctly
understood that I do not confine myself to the precise details herein set forth,
as such may be varied or modified without departing from the principle
thereof; but I claim as my Invention, and which to the best of my knowledge
and belief has not been hitherto used within the realm, the fixing of types
similar to those used in block printing to metal rollers instead of wood rollers,
as hitherto adopted, and securing the same by set screws, soldering, or
cement. And also the machinery or apparatus for ruling parallel lines upon

page_text: the rollers, and for measuring, setting, and adjusting types or patterns on
rollers, as herein described and illustrated in the accompanying Sheet of
Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Chadwick, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the
within-named James Chadwick,
in the presence of
JAMES CHADWICK. (L.s.)
E. J. HUGHES, Patent Agent,
Manchester.