IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PUMPING LIQUIDS, PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE FOR PUMPING ACIDS
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Steward Hazlehurst, of Runcorn, in the
County of Chester, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR PUMPING LIQUIDS, PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE FOR PUMPING ACIDS."
Sealed the 9th October 1874, and dated the 5th June 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Steward Hazle-
hurst at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 5th June 1874.
I, GEORGE STEWARD HazlehURST, of Runcorn, in the County of
Chester, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PUMPING LIQUIDS, PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE FOR
PUMPING ACIDS," to be as follows :-
:-
This Invention relates to pumping liquids by the peculiar use of a
diaphragm, or collapsable bag, or pipe of any suitable form, which may
be of india-rubber or other flexible material; and which is so arranged

page_text: that it will collapse and expand according to the excess of pressure inside
or outside the diaphragm, and this Invention is particularly applicable
for pumping acids, such as muriatic and other acids, inasmuch as india-
rubber can be used without detriment to contain the acid, and this
material is known to be specially adapted for that purpose.
An apparatus constructed according to this Invention may consist of
a bag, which may be spherical or of other suitable shape, and made by
preference of india-rubber. The bag has a suitable neck, which is
attached to a valve box appropriate for the purpose to which the pump
has to be applied. For pumping acids an earthenware or ebonite valve
box, such as is now commonly used, is preferred. The flexible bag
being attached to the valve box the suction pipe is led from the apparatus
to the cistern or reservoir containing the liquid to be pumped, and the
discharge pipe is led from the valve box to the position to which the
liquid has to be forced. The flexible bag is placed within a closed vessel :
or tank, and at the same level or a lower level than the cistern which it
is required to empty. The vessel or tank may be square, cylindrical,
spherical, or of other suitable shape, and of dimensions slightly in excess
of the flexible bag. This vessel is fitted with supply and exhaust ports
and a valve, which may be a slide, or other suitable valve, and worked:
by an eccentric or other suitable means, actuated by any convenient
motor. The supply port is connected by means of a pipe to a cistern
containing water or liquid, which cistern is placed at a superior height
than the position to which it is required to pump the liquid, or the power
required may be obtained directly from a water pump, or the bags may
be worked by steam power instead of water pressure. The water being
admitted into the vessel causes the flexible bag or diaphragm to collapse.
The water being exhausted or the pressure removed from the vessel
allows the flexible bag or diaphragm to expand and fill with liquid
through the suction valve from the cistern. The water again being
admitted into the vessel the flexible bag or diaphragm collapses by the
weight of the superior column, and the liquid is forced from the bag.
through the discharge valve and pipe to the required position.
In practice it will be found that the water will lift nearly weight for
weight...
The action of the apparatus may be reversed, namely, the superior.
pressure may be admitted into the collapsable bag and intermittently.

page_text: exhausted therefrom, and the liquid to be pumped or forced admitted
into the tank or vessel containing the collapsable bag.
In practice water or steam pressure is the most convenient and suit-
able, as a uniform pressure is exerted round the collapsable bag, but the
same result is obtainable by applying other pressure, such as weights, as
will be understood.
A modification of this apparatus consists in a continuous tube of any
suitable flexible material, one end of the tube being connected to the
cistern or reservoir required to be emptied of liquid, and the other end
of the tube being led to the position to which it is required to force the
liquid. At a suitable level there is placed a circular table of iron or
other suitable material, and round this table is led a coil of the before-
mentioned flexible tube. Attached to this table and travelling round
the table there is a rotating horizontal shaft driven by any suitable
motor. This shaft is provided with pressure at each end sufficient to
compress the flexible tube. The shaft is fitted with two rollers which
take on to and compress the coil of flexible tube passing round the table.
As the shaft rotates the liquid will be forced through the flexible tube
to the position required, the compressing of the tube by the weighted
rotating shaft dispensing with the necessity of valves.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said George Steward Hazlehurst in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 2nd December 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
STEWARD HAZLEHURST, of Runcorn, in the County of Chester, send
greeting..
.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifth day of June, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-
seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said George Steward Hazlehurst,
Her special licence that I, the said George Steward Hazlehurst,

page_text: my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
George Steward Hazlehurst, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PUMPING LIQUIDS,
PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE FOR PUMPING ACIDS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said George Steward Hazlehurst, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one'
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Steward Hazlehurst, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
This Invention relates to pumping liquids by the peculiar use of a
diaphragm or collapsable bag or pipe of any suitable form, which may
be of india-ruber or other flexible material, and which is so arranged
that it will collapse and expand according to the excess of pressure inside
or outside the diaphragm, and this Invention is particularly applicable
for pumping acids, such as muriatic and other acids, inasmuch as india-
rubber can be used without detriment to contain the acid, and this
material is known to be specially adapted for that purpose.
An apparatus constructed according to this Invention may consist of
a bag, which may be spherical or of other suitable shape, and made by
preference of india-rubber. The bag has a suitable neck, which is
attached to a valve box appropriate for the purpose to which the pump
has to be applied. For pumping acids an earthenware or ebonite valve
box, such as is now commonly used, is preferred. The flexible bag being
attached to the valve box the suction pipe is led from the apparatus to
the cistern or reservoir containing the liquid to be pumped, and the
discharge pipe is led from the valve box to the position to which the

page_text: mentioned flexible tube. Attached to this table and travelling round
the table there is a rotating horizontal shaft driven by any suitable
motor. This shaft is provided with pressure at each end sufficient to
compress the flexible tube. The shaft is fitted with two rollers, which
take on to and compress the coil of flexible tube passing round the table.
As the shaft rotates the liquid will be forced through the flexible tube to
the position required, the compressing of the tube by the weighted
rotating shaft dispensing with the necessity of valves.
In using iron or metal pipes for the conveyance of acids it is the
practice to line such pipes with an india-rubber internal pipe, and there
is a difficulty in making a good joint at the flanges of such pipes so that
the acid shall not leak from the india-rubber pipe and corrode the metal
pipe at the joint. This difficulty is overcome in this Invention by the
use of a metal or other ring of inside diameter equal to the outside
diameter of the india-rubber pipe. This ring is slipped over the india-
rubber pipe and the pipe is rolled round the ring. The elasticity of the
pipe holds the ring firm. A similar ring is used and fitted in the same
way to the pipe to be connected. The two rings with their india-rubber
covering are brought face to face and the flanges of the metal pipe
fastened by bolts or a coupling in the usual way, and a perfect joint is
secured both of the metal pipes and the india-rubber pipes.
The beforegoing being the nature, object, and purposes of my Inven-
tion, I will now proceed to describe more in detail how the same may be
carried into practical effect, and for that purpose I have hereunto attached
a Sheet of Drawings illustrative of my Invention, sufficient to enable
any engineer to construct an apparatus and to carry the same into
practical effect. Like letters and figures denote similar parts in the
different views of the Drawings.
Figure 1 is an outside clevation of an apparatus constructed according
to my Invention; Figure 2 is an end view of same, shown partly in
section.
Figure 3 is a side elevation, showing section of cisterns and valve of
an apparatus according to this Invention.
Figure 4 is a plan of a modification of an apparatus constructed
'according to this Invention; Figures 5 and 6 are elevations of 3

page_text: Figure 7 is a sectional view of a joint according to this Invention for
pipes having an india-rubber internal pipe.
Referring to the Drawings, Figures 1, 2, and 3, A and B are two.
compartments of a cast-iron water-tight cistern; C is a partition dividing
the same; D is an eccentric working an ordinary slide valve E. In cach
compartment A and B of the cistern there are bags F, F', of india-rubber
or other flexible material. These bags are connected with the stoneware
valve seatings G and H and G₁ and H by the junction at K, K'. The
cccentric is worked by means of the bucketted wheel I driven by a jet
of water. The wheel I actuates the eccentric. by means of the pinion J
and the toothed wheel M, as will be seen upon reference.
i
The operation of the pump may be thus described: - Acid is admitted
from a cistern, which is at a higher level than the apparatus, by means
of the india-rubber tube N. It finds its way through the stoneware
valve G, fills the bag F, and when the bag is filled water pressure is
admitted into the compartment A of the cistern by means of the slide
valve E. The water flowing from a higher level through the pipe S than
that to which it is required to force the acid, squeezes the bag empty,
and the acid is discharged through the valve H and the pipe P to the
required position and height. By the time the bag F is emptied the slide
valve E has opened the compartment A to the exhaust R, and as the
pump is placed below the level of the acid cistern as soon as the water
pressure is taken off the bag F refills and forces out the water through
the exhaust R. The apparatus is double-acting, the same operation
taking place alternately in the compartment B, as will be understood.
Referring to Figures 4, 5, and 6, a tube of flexible material, such as
india-rubber or canvas, is bent into a horse-shoe shape, such as a, b, c.
This tube is carried on the table e, f. Two rollers h, k, are carried on
the horizontal shaft g, which is rotated by means of the vertical shaft i
and suitable gearing. As the shaft g travels round in the direction
shown by the arrow the rollers h and k squeeze the pipe flat by means
of india-rubber springs or weight pressure. The liquor enters the pipe à,
and as the rollers / advances follows behind it until the rollers / com-
presses the pipe at a². The roller & then forces the liquor on, fresh liquor
following it, as will be understood. By this means valves are dispensed
with. An intermediate cushion of leather or other material, as shown

page_text: at 1, Figure 6, may be placed between the rollers and the tube and be
kept in its place by two walls, as M', M², Figure 4, provided with rims
projecting inward. The leather may be strengthened by iron bands
across. The cushion may be attached to the tube and provided with
springs or other means, such as an application of weight to and the
recovery of the tube after pressure, as will be understood. The inter-
vening space between the inlet and exit must be filled up with india-
rubber or other material so as to form an even way for the rollers. The
leather cushion aforesaid describes the circle without a break, and on it
the rollers run. The inclination of the leather to move by the action of
the rollers is restrained by any suitable fastenings.
Referring to Figure 7, m, m², cast iron or metal pipes; p, p¹, are india-
rubber internal pipes, which are rolled round the metal or other rings t, t'.
These rings are brought together face to face and form a joint, as will be
understood.
Having now described and ascertained the nature, object, and purposes
of my Invention, and shown how the same may be carried into practical
effect, I would have it understood that I do not confine myself to the
exact size or arrangement of apparatus, as shown in the Drawings, nor
to any method of driving the apparatus, as the same may be considerably
varied, nor do I confine myself to the use of my apparatus for pumping
any particular liquid, although it is especially adapted for pumping acids.
I would also have it understood that the action of the apparatus, as
shown at Figures 1, 2, and 3, may be reversed, namely, the liquid to be
pumped may be admitted into the cistern and the forcing liquid admitted
into the collapsable bag or diaphragm, which is in this case connected
to the slide valve, as will be understood. What I claim as my Invention
and secured to me by Letters Patent, as aforesaid, is,—
Firstly. The use of a diaphragm or collapsable bag in combination
with a cistern or reservoir and a slide or other valve, worked by any
suitable motor, forming an apparatus for pumping liquids, substantially
as shown at Figures 1, 2, and 3 of the accompanying Drawings and
described in the beforegoing Specification.
Secondly. The combination of a flexible tube and rollers travelling

page_text: ubstantially as shown at Figures 4, 5, and 6 of the accompanying
Drawings and described in the before-going Specification.
Thirdly. The method of joining pipes having an internal india-rubber
pipe, as shown at Figure 7 of the accompanying Drawings and described
n the beforegoing Specification.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Steward Hazlehurst, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of
November, in the year of our Lord 1874.
GEORGE STEWARD (L.S.) HAZLEHURST.