matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED MODE OF AND MEANS FOR PROTECTING THE OPENINGS OF WINDOWS AND DOORS ON THE APPROACH OF FIRE
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th May 1878. A communication
from abroad by Theodor Obach, of Vienna, in the Empire of Austria, Civil
Engineer.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. "AN IMPROVED MODE OF AND MEANS FOR
PROTECTING THE OPENINGS OF WINDOWS AND DOORS ON THE APPROACH OF FIRE."
[A communication from abroad by Theodor Obach, of Vienna, in the Empire of
Austria, Civil Engineer.]
This Invention refers to a mode of and means for protecting the openings of
windows and doors on the approach of fire, and consists in the use of a wire gauze
blind kept wound on a roller by means of a cord or string made of readily com-
bustible substance in such a manner that on the approach of fire the said cord will
be burnt, and allow the blind to unroll and drop in front of the window or door
opening above which it may be arranged.
To facilitate the combustion and consequent severing of the cord the latter is
formed wholly or partly of gun cotton.
The roller is of metal,and the lower end of the wire gauze blind is weighted with
a heavy cross bar in order to ensure its dropping as soon as the cord is severed
In order to keep the wire gauze stretched cross bars are arranged at suitable
intervals across the surface of the wire gauze blind, and the ends of these cross bars
are bent and so arranged as to fit into guideways at each side of the window or
door opening.

page_text: The upper end of the wire gauze blind is fastened into a longitudinal groove in
the roller.
Each of the two ends or pivots of the roller rests on the edge of a thin steel plate,
so that the bearing surfaces are very narrow, and any rust that may have formed
on the bearing surfaces will be scraped off during the unrolling of the heavy
blind.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BOBBINS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Sidney Crowley at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th October 1878.
JOHN SIDNEY CROWLEY, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BOBBINS."
My Invention consists in making bobbins of a combination of metal and wood,
papier maché, bone, or other suitable material, the object being to render the
bobbins more durable than heretofore. In carrying my Invention into operation I
make the flanges of the bobbin of metal with a serrated edge or edges, and with an
inner serrated rim which fits on to the barrel of the bobbin; this inner rim is pro-
vided with a midfeather or midfeathers, and adhesive substance may be applied to
connect the flange to the barrel. On one or both sides of the metal flange is a
disc of wood, papier naché, or other material, which is secured by teeth or adhesive
substance or otherwise, and by bending over the serrated edges.
In some cases the discs of wood, papier maché; or other material may be dispensed
with, and the flanges made entirely of metal.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS, CAPS, AND OTHER COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ambrose Boulton Biggs at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th December 1878.
AMBROSE BOULTON BIGGS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manu-
facturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS, CAPS, AND OTHER
COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD."
This Invention consists in providing a cushion or pad at the back of the hat, cap,
or bonnet, so as to admit of a comfortable rest in travelling, or to guard the head
from injury by a fall or concussion of any kind.
I prefer to make this cushion or pad in the form of an air tube or bag, and either
attached to or capable of being temporarily fitted to the back of the article, so that
when not required for use it would be in a collapsed state and not in the way, but
when wanted it can be inflated by means of a mouthpiece of the ordinary con-
struction used on air cushions.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CALL BELLS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Allcock and William Frederick
Allcock at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th March
1878.
THOMAS ALLCOCK and WILLIAM FREDERICK ALLCOCK, of Birmingham, in the
County of Warwick, Manufacturers and Co-partners. "IMPROVEMENTS IN CALL
BELLS."
This Invention consists in applying to call bells a repetition action, by which
on each motion of the plunger the gong may be sounded twice or oftener; this is
effected by causing the pin upon the lower end of the plunger to strike upon a crank
or rack piece in its descent, and again in its ascent, and thus each angle of the
crank or tooth of the rack operates upon the clapper arm and sounds the gong.
A LIFE BUOY SEAT."
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick William Applegath at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th September 1878.
FREDERICK WILLIAM APPLEGATH, of 8, Dalston Lane, Dalston, and 388, Marc
Street, Hackney, both in the County of Middlesex, Hosier and Shirtmaker.
A LIFE BUOY SEAT."
"
A double top wooden stool held together by three legs enclosing an air-tight
zinc cylinder which is kept in position by 3 wooden studs inserted underneath
each top of said stool.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HINGES FOR CASH AND OTHER BOXES OR RECEPTACLES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Leopold Lang at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 18th June 1878. A communication from
abroad by Georg Schildknecht, of Fürth, Bavaria.
LEOPOLD LANG, of St. Luke's, in the City of London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN HINGES
FOR CASH AND OTHER BOXES OR RECEPTACLES." (A communication from abroad
by Georg Schildknecht, of Fürth, Bavaria.)
This Invention refers to the hinges of cash and other boxes, and the Invention
is such that the box may be lifted by its cover, even when the same is unlocked or
unfastened, without raising the cover, and thus preventing the contents from being
liable to be thrown out.
A convenient way of carrying the Invention into effect is as follows:-The
cover hinged to the box proper is free to slide within certain limits over or
parallel with the same, and when the cover is back the same can be raised; for this
purpose the cover is jointed to a plate free to travel along the lid of the box in a
horizontal position until the hinged portion is clear of the rear of the box, then the
rear end of the box being clear of the cover the latter can be raised. To close the
box lower the cover on to the box, slide it over same to bring the cover flush with
the front of the box, and it cannot be raised until again brought back to original
position.
The distance of the travel of the plate may be regulated by guides consisting of
pins running in slots, or vice versa.
The box or other receptacle may be further secured by lock as usual, or in any
other desired manner.
IMPROVED APPARATUS OR APPLIANCES TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CIGARS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hyam Melbourne Hart at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th December 1878.
HYAM MELBOURNE HART, of No. 7, Clifton Gardens, Maida Hill, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVED APPARATUS OR APPLIANCES TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF CIGARS."
This Invention relates to improved apparatus or appliances to be employed in
the manufacture of cigars, and consists in forming one end of one or more of the
rollers employed in shaping cigars by machinery with a serrated or tootlied face,
the serrations or teeth springing from the centre or axis to the outer edge, or
nearly so. Into these serrations or teeth the end of a cone or "shaped" roller is
caused to gear and be turned by the first named roller for the purpose of tipping
or forming the mouth end of the cigar at the same time as the cigar is being
made.
I prefer to employ four cone or "shaped" rollers set at an angle to the axis of
the other rollers, each being driven by the first mentioned rollers as to correspond
in their rate of speed for the proper shaping of the cigar.
The four main rollers are arranged to rotate by suitable gearing from any
ordinary prime mover, a fifth roller of smaller diameter being also used to assist
in shaping the cigar. This fifth roller is shorter than the others, and has plain
ends. One or more of the main rollers is so fitted that it or they can be moved
away from the other either by hand or mechanically to enable the tobacco to be
placed in between them.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHIPS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Cullen at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 6th December 1878.
CHARLES CULLEN, of Rosherville, near Gravesend, in the County of Kent, Ship
Builder. 'IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHIPS."
ss
The object of this Invention is to give permanent bouyancy to vessels when
through a collision or other accident the skin of the vessel is pierced and water
flows into the hull of the vessel.
The Invention applies to iron ships of all kinds, but for convenience of illustration
I will describe my improvements as applied to a river steam boat. The deck of
this vessel I construct with air tight compartments; I also make an air tight
bulkhead at the stem and stern of the vessel. The space under the saloon or cabin
tables I utilize for giving bouyancy to the vessel, and also the space under the
fixed seats, whether in the saloon, the cabins, or on the deck, I also provide an air
space immediately below the deck and following the line on the sides of the vessels,
and I make air and water tight spaces under the floor of the vessel; I thus without
occupying the space which might be applied to the use of passengers or used for the
stowage of goods ensure to the vessel a floating capacity, which will prevent its
sinking even when the hull is filled with water. The deck for the river boat is
made to overlap the ship's sides and form a continuous sponson from stem to stern.
It is constructed with plate and angle iron, and the compartments between the
beams are made air and water tight. The deck is connected to the frame of the ship
by curved bracing plates which are set inside and outside of the frame, and form
with the deck air tight spaces which will be available for giving buoyancy to the
vessel should the hull become filled with water.
The deck seats are constructed of plate and angle iron, and so connected to
the deck and combings as to convert the 'space below them into air tight
compartments.
The tables and settees in both saloons are constructed of plate iron forming air-
tight compartments.

page_text: The floor plates are as in an ordinary vessel, but made air and water tight,
and the spaces below these plates are thus made available as air tight com-
partments.
The bulkheads are constructed as in an ordinary vessel, but the space from the
stem to the collision bulkhead forms an air tight chamber, and the space
between the counter to the after bulkhead also forms an air tight chamber.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Parker at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 21st October 1878.
HENRY PARKER, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer. " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN STEAM ENGINES."
My Invention relates, firstly, to a method of arranging the parts which give
motion to the slide valve. The valve I employ is of circular form oscillating within a
case and carrying lugs, within which is situate a block formed on the spindle, and
by means of which block the valve may move upward or downwards, whereby true
surfaces of contact are secured.
Secondly. My Invention consists in a method of using the governor for an
expansion motion. For this purpose I fix to the crank shaft a small excentric, upon
which is mounted loosely the excentric proper, which actuates the valve, and to
which I joint an arm which is capable of being drawn forward or backward by the
action of the governor, and by these means the acting excentric is turned upon the
inner one, and the throw is thus altered. The governor I propose to employ is of
that known construction in which jointed weights are cuclosed within a case, the
aforesaid arm being connected to one of the said weights, but other descriptions of
governors may be employed. Thirdly. My Invention consists in a method of
forming the jackets of steam cylinders.
According to my method I core the jacket throughout its length, the parts being
united by the ports on one side and by a midfenther on the other, and at each end
of such cord part I adapt recessed flanges which close the said ends. Fourthly.
My Invention consists in a combination of parts constituting the governor, the
equilibrium valve actuated thereby, and the stop valve. Upon the stop valve box
or steam pipe I form a flange, which carries the governor and parts, which drive it,
and above the atop valve, and also in the same casting I adapt the equilibrium
valve worked by the governor.
IN TRAMWAY RAILS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Hight at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 10th May 1878.
JAMES HIGHT, of Old Kent Road, in the County of Surrey.
IN TRAMWAY RAILS."
"IMPROVEMENTS
This Invention relates to improvements in the form or construction of tramway
rails in order to save the wear and tear of such rails, and also to facilitate the crossing
thereof by the wheels of other vehicles, and to afford a bettor foothold for horses or
other animals.
For this purpose the edge of the rail against which the flange of the tram wheels
runs and the bearing surface of the rail are formed in the ordinary manner, but the
opposite edge of the groove of the rail has slots formed therein at intervals of about
cight inches, more or less. These slots offer resistance to the wheels of vehicles
crossing the rails so as to prevent them sliding along the edge of the groove as is
now frequently the case, and thus assist them in crossing.
The outer edges of the upper surface of the rail are formed with projections
varying in extent from the edges of the rail and at such a distance apart as will
admit of the paving blocks or other paving being laid or inserted between them,
thus breaking up the line of paving and thereby facilitating the crossing of the
rails by wheeled vehicles, and affording a better foothold for horses or other
animals.
The projections on each side of the rails also serve to protect the paving, and
thereby economize cost.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank Schofield and James Turner
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th April 1878.
FRANK SCHOFIELD, of Buckley, in the County of Lancaster, Manufacturer, and
JAMES TURNER, of the same Place, Manager. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR
WEAVING."
Our Invention refers to an arrangement whereby I am enabled to alter the shed-
ding so that plain cloth or patterns may be readily woven at pleasure, and this we
accomplish by operating on the treadles through the medium of one or the other of
two wheels running in contrary directions, so that the treading may be reversed
when desired, and to regulate this reversal we employ a pattern chain or its
equivalent.
In the apparatus we use two toothed wheels are caused to run in opposite
directions, and are capable of being slidden on their axes, so that one or the other
shall carry a pin into gear with a star wheel, and this through the medium of
suitable gearing communicates motion in one direction or the other to the tappet
shaft.
For the purpose of sliding the above-mentioned pinions we employ a chain or
other such ordinary pattern arrangement acting through the medium of suitable
levers, and which chain may be the same as that employed for rising shuttle boxes.
Instead of shifting the above-mentioned pinions into gear with the star wheel
they may be stationary, and the star wheel itself traversed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CUTTING OR SPLITTING GRAIN IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SEMOLINA OR MIDDLINGS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th October 1878. A communication
from abroad by Josef Friedlaender and Isidor Frank, both of the Firm of
Friedlaender and Frank, of Vienna, Austria.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CUTTING
OR SPLITTING GRAIN IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SEMOLINA OR MIDDLINGS." A
communication from abroad by Josef Friedlaender and Isidor Frank, both of the
Firm of Friedlaender and Frank, of Vienna, Austria.]
•
This Invention relates to improvements in that class of apparatus used for
cutting or splitting grain for the production of semolina or middlings, in which
apparatus two metal discs provided with teeth or projections on their opposite
surfaces are arranged vertically opposite cach other, one of which is fixed to the
standard and remains at rest while the other is keyed to a shaft and rotated so as
to cut or split the grain led into the space between the said two discs.
The said improvements consist essentially in devices for adjusting the relative
distances of the two cutting discs and for feeding the grain to the said cutting
discs, and finally, in a peculiar arrangement of the ty wheel and pulley.
In order to ensure the grain being split or cut regularly into the form of semolina
without the production of dust the distance of the two cutting discs from each
other must be regulated accurately and without any liability of alteration during
the working of the apparatus. For this purpose set screws or their equivalents for
accurately fixing the distance of the discs from each other are arranged at both ends
of the main shaft.
In order to conduct the grain in regular quantities from the hopper to the cutting
discs a roller driven by a strap from the main shaft is used.
For the purpose of rendering the working of the apparatus more quiet the fly
wheel as well as the pulley carrying the driving band are mounted on the main
shaft between the two bearings.
A POROUS AND SELF-ACTING VENT PEG
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Emanuel Smethurst at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th January 1878.
EMANUEL SMETHURST, of No. 18, Edward Street, Higher Hillgate, Stockport, in
the County of Cheshire, Yarn Dresser. "A POROUS AND SELF-ACTING VENT
PEG."
This Invention relates to an improved porous and self-acting vent peg to be con-
structed of metal, porcelain, wood, or other suitable substance, for fitting into beer,
wine, and other liquid casks and vessels to regulate and to refine the flow of the
liquid therefrom, the valve or vent being so constructed that it opens automatically
to admit air in proportion to the amount of vacuum formed, and again closes under
the action of a spring. The peg has perforated sides, and is provided with a valve
for pressing against the apertures under the action of a spring encircling the stem;
the lower part of the stem is threaded according to the quality or density of the
liquid, and the amount of air necessary to be admitted to the vessel at each
draw off.
"
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION AND PRESERVATION OF COLOURED PHOTOGRAPHS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gertrude Dale at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 14th January 1878.
GERTRUDE DALE, of Winchmore Hill, in the County of Middlesex, Artist, Wife
of Robert Dale, of the same Place. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PRODUCTION AND
PRESERVATION OF COLOURED PHOTOGRAPHS."
Inasmuch that heretofore coloured photographs have been produced either by the
direct application of paint to the surface of the photograph, or by rendering by
means of varnish, gelatine, siccative, or paraffin (all of which are liable to crack,
discolor, or evaporate) the photograph transparent, and by then affixing the same
face downwards on the glass, painting the back thereof.
According to the present Invention coloured photographs of a more permanent
nature are produced in a simpler and more effective manner, and at a cost much
less than has heretofore been the case.
The process consists in mounting an ordinary paper photograph, which should be
clearly photographed and rather darkly printed, face downwards on a convex glass
by means of a warm solution of starch or other adhesives of a gelatinous nature,
and after drying, laying the same in a bath of pure castor or linseed oil until the
same has become perfectly transparent. The finer parts of the photograph are then
painted on the back with pure oil colours without medium or varnish, the photograph
supplying light and shade, and the colour shewing through. A second convex glass
is then placed over the back of the painted photograph, and on the back of this
second glass is painted all the layer and heavier masses of colour necessary to render
the photograph when viewed from the front a complete painting, combining an
apparent delicacy of manipulation with a depth of tone and roundness of form not
attainable by any other process. The glasses are then carefully closed at the edges
by means of fusion, or the application of an impervious substance to the prevention
of evaporation and the exclusion of air. A white or tinted card is then affixed to
the back of the second glass, when the whole presents the appearance of a painting
on porcelain

page_text: It is necessary to mention that in the case of photographs of still life, flat glasses
are sometimes preferable to convex ones.
The advantages of this Invention are simplicity in working, smaller cost of
production, and greater permanency than has hitherto been attained by any other
process.
SCREW PROPELLER
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Sample at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 18th June 1878.
JAMES SAMPLE, of Blyth, in the County of Northumberland.
SCREW PROPELLER."
"AN IMPROVED
The object of my Invention is to obviate, or reduce to a minimum, the positive
slip of a screw propeller. To this end I form the blades of the screw of a shape
soinewhat resembling that of a bird's wing in duplicate. Thus each blade of the
propeller represents a pair of wings, viewed edgewise, and joined together at their
base; the end of one of the wings swells out, and forms part of the boss of the
propeller; the outer wing being the longer of the two. This description of screw
confines the water, and prevents it flying off the blades at the perimeter, thereby
increasing the propelling power of the screw.
This form of propeller is equally applicable to aërial machines.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHIRT Cuffs
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Munn Andrew at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th December 1878.
WILLIAM MUNN ANDREW, of Seven, Essex Street, Strand, in the County of
Middlesex, Artist. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SHIRT Cuffs."
The improvements relate to duplex or convertible cuffs, and are intended to afford
economy and cleanliness in wear, ready adaptation, and better appearance.
My Invention consists in constructing, adapting, and applying particularly-
formed cuffs made of linen, paper, or other fabric or material to be attached to shirt
sleeves, or manufactured separately, for the convenience of wearers wishing to
substitute a clean appearance to the cuff for that part which is soiled, by simply
folding or reversing the cuff, as shown in accompanying Drawings.
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of cuff as attached to sleeve. A, in dotted lines,
shows that part of the cuff which has been soiled in wear and is now folded under
the shirt sleeve; B represents that part which has rested upon the shirt sleeve
when A was in use, but now takes the former position of A; D, the shirt sleeve.
Fig. 2, perspective view of another modification of cuff, A being the part of cuff
in front, and when soiled the links or fastenings are removed and cuff extended as
shown in Fig. 4, and A is folded under B, B being then the front part of the cuff;
C, the hinge or connection of A to B; D, shirt sleeve.
Fig. 3, a perspective view of cuff as shown in Fig. 1, and as worn at first, the face
of B being protected by resting upon the shirt sleeve; C, where the shirt sleeve is
connected or hinged; D, the sleeve.
Figs. 4 and 5 represent the cuff extended, described in Figs. 2 and 3 respectively.
IM- PROVED MECHANISM OR APPARATUS FOR BREAKING, SOFTENING, CRUSHING, OR BRUISING JUTE
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James MoGlashan at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 26th June 1878.
JAMES MCGLASHAN, of Dundeo, in the County of Forfar, North Britain. " IM-
PROVED MECHANISM OR APPARATUS FOR BREAKING, SOFTENING, CRUSHING, OR
BRUISING JUTE."
This Invention, which relates to the breaking, softening, crushing, or bruising of
jute, has for its object to convert the layers, bundles, cakes, or "streaks" from the
hard condition in which they now reach the ports at which they are imported in
bales into such a soft and flexible condition that the jute may be easily handled,
separated, or selected before being batched or manufactured, thereby also avoiding
the tedious and laborious operation of dealing with the jute in this hard condition
by hand.
The apparatus constituting the Invention consists of several pairs of coarse pitched
fluted rollers, through or between which whilst revolving the unmanufactured jute
is passed, these rollers being acted upon by heavy weights, so as to produce the
degree of pressure necessary to make the caked together fibres separate freely, and
thus enable the machines that are employed in subsequent operations to do their
portion of the work with greater ease and completeness.
The machine constituting the Invention, when applied for the purpose and in
the manner herein-before set forth, does without trouble what has been a laborious
operation by hand, since jute shippers resorted to the extreme pressure now applied
to compress the bales in order to lessen the cost of importation or the freight from
India to foreign ports.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Tarbotton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st August 1878.
WILLIAM TARBOTTON, of Bradford, in the County of York, Power Loom Dealer
and Commission Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
This Invention relates to an improved arrangement of self-acting "temples for
looms combined with self-acting apparatus for imparting to the temples the necessary
vibration, and the said temples are so constructed and arranged as to give any
required degree of hold or grip upon the cloth or piece being woven without
punchering the body of the cloth or piece, that is to say, inside the lists or selvages,
as heretofore.
e
Apparatus according to this my Invention comprise two or more star temples
enclosed within a casting, provided with slits for the selvage of the cloth or piece
being woven. The casting is furnished with a bracket or arin and adjusting slot,
so that when bolted to the double sockets of the vibrating lever it can be adjusted
by the slot and bolt in such relative position to the vibrating lever as to receive
more or less motion as required.
The position of the star temples, of which there may be two or more on each side
of the loom, is horizontal or parallel to the cloth or piece.
The apparatus above described is of less first cost than ordinary temples, and is
readily applied to existing looms having vibrating apparatus therein.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOLTS AND WASHERS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Gauthier at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 6th August 1878.
CHARLES GAUTHIER, of Boulevard de Strasbourg, 23, Paris (France), Civil
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOLTS AND WASHERS."
According to the present Invention the stem of a screw bolt has formed
longitudinally upon it one or more grooves or flat surfaces, and the washer which is
placed under the nut has a hole, the configuration of which corresponds to the
configuration of the cross section of the bolt, so that when placed upon the latter it
cannot turn on the same by reason of its projection, or projections, or flat sides
fitting into or against the corresponding grooves or flat surfaces of the bolt. By
this arrangement when the nut is screwed up, the edge of the washer can be bent
up against the flat side thereof, and thus the nut be prevented from unscrewing.
AN IMPROVED PETROLEUM CANDLE LIGHT
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Friedrich Hermann Felix Engel
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th August 1878.
A communication from Ludwig Schiffmann, of Vienna, 'in the Austrian
Empire.
FRIEDRICH HERMANN FELIX ENGEL, Civil Engineer and Patent Agent, in the
City of Hamburg, Germany. "AN IMPROVED PETROLEUM CANDLE LIGHT." (A
communication from Ludwig Schiffmann, of Vienna, in the Austrian Empire.)
This Invention consists in a peculiar candle-shaped petroleum lamp which
may be fastened in an iron base in a lantern, torch, or other suitable holder or
vessel.
The lamp, which may be called the "universal light," consists of a tube of metal
or other suitable material; it may be of the diameter of an ordinary candle, and, say,
about seven inches long; it is open above and closed below. In the opening above
a cork or other stopper is inserted, formed with a small central hole provided
with a short glass tube serving as the burner; through this burner is passed
a wick leading to the interior of the candle tube, which is charged with
petroleum.
To raise and lower the wick as required a piece of metal wire is passed from the
outside above through the stopper, but outside of the glass tube; this wire is bent
at right angle at the end, and catches in the eye of a piece of wire bent into the
shape of a double lever, the two free hook ends of this wire take into the wick.
By moving the piece of wire up or down the wick is raised or lowered.
IMPROVEMENTS IN JACQUARD APPARATUS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Johnston Shillington, George
Thomson, and Henry Carnegie at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents
on the 13th December 1878.
JOHN JOHNSTON SHILLINGTON, GEORGE THOMSON, and HENRY CARNEGIE, all of
Belfast, Ireland. "IMPROVEMENTS IN JACQUARD APPARATUS FOR WEAVING."
cut.
This Invention relates to the adaptation to jacquard apparatus of mechanism
which will render the use of the ordinary heddles unnecessary, and will serve to
produce a twill or binding of any design by the aid of the griff, independently of
the cards on which the ornamental pattern intended to be produced
The vertical hooked wires which are connected to the horizontal needles and by
which the warps are raised rest upon a series of transverse bars, which are
supported by a double set of cams situated at opposite sides of the jacquard
machine. These cams are so formed as by their rotary motion to raise and lower
the transverse bars, and also to give them a forward and backward motion, and
thereby to actuate the hooked wires, causing them by the aid of the griff to perform
the duty of the heddles. These transverse bars are fitted at their opposite ends
with pendant studs, which are acted upon by tappets on the rotary cams which
underlie them.
The tappets in the two counterpart series of cams are arranged to act in
succession, and thereby to raise the bars or advance them slightly towards the
card cylinder. The result of advancing one of these bars is to throw all the hooked
wires supported by the bar out of the vertical, and to cause them to miss the rising
griff. If however the bar is lifted the hooked wires of that bar will then stand
some distance above the hooked wires of the other bars, and there will consequently
be a delay in the rising griff catching them and lifting their respective warps.
This delay in the action of the griff will leave time for the card cylinder to make
its back motion, and relieve the horizontal needles from pressure. If therefore any
of these raised hooks had been "pressed" through the action of the card on the

page_text: needles they will have time to recover their vertical position, and come under the
action of the ascending griff.
" cover
ور
The advantage thus gained in weaving will be to improve the appearance or
of the cloth, the twill being raised while the weft is still in the shed and
the tension of the thread equalized. The mechanism of the loom will also be
greatly simplified and rendered more compact.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Waddington at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th March 1878.
ALFRED WADDINGTON, of Buttershaw (in the Parish of North Birley), near
Bradford, in the County of York, Mechanic. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS."
The object of this Invention is to provide a picker and the arrangement of two
spindles to prevent friction and consequent wear and tear upon the bottom and sides
of the box.
I accomplish the above object in the following manner-The picker is formed to
slide on two spindles, the one above the other, the picking strap being attached to
the picker between the two spindles, thus insuring a steady and uniform delivery.
The top spindle I arrange to fix at any radius from the bottom spindle as a centre
in order to regulate the picker striking the shuttle tip. The two spindles are
secured by two springs, one acting above the other, by unscrewing the nut of pin
upon which the springs are placed, the spindles may be drawn out and readily
repaired or replaced.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN STENCH TRAPS AND STREET GULLIES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Cardwell at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 14th September 1878.
ROBERT CARDWELL, of Bradford, in the County of Lancaster, Iron Founder. "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN STENCH TRAPS AND STREET GULLIES."
to me.
My Invention relates to a former Invention for which Her Majesty's Royal
Letters Patent bearing date the Nineteenth day of January, in the year One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven, and numbered 250, have been granted
In the said former Invention when constructing a street gully I divided the
receptacle into two chambers by means of a vertical partition, the matters passing
through the grid falling into the first chamber which received and retained to a
great extent the stones, mud, and other matters, the water flowing over the partition
into the second chamber, from whence it escaped through a syphon pipe or branch.
From the grid an inclined diaphragm extended downwards into the first chamber.
In practice I have found that straw and other matters get into the angular space
between the cover and the diaphragm and are not easily removed. In my present
Invention I hinge the cover to the receptacle as before, but instead of the grid being
in one piece with the cover it is binged thereto so that it can be opened without
raising the cover, and when opened any matters resting upon the diaphragm may
easily be removed or be swept downwards into the "sludge box." I bevel the edges
of the grid and cover and the seatings on which they rest in order that there may
be less liability for matters to lodge ou the seatings, and that such lodgments may
more readily be removed. I form the syphon branch on the side of the receptacle
or on the side which is towards the centre of the street when the gully is in position,
so that the matters flow more directly towards a central sewer. The improvements
are applicable wholly or in part to stench traps adapted for use in dwelling houses
or otherwise than in streets. I sometimes substitute a plate narrower than the
opening for the said grid.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN TRACE ATTACHMENTS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th December 1878. A communi-
cation from abroad by Frédéric Vernier, of Saint Maxire, in the Republic of
France.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors of
Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN TRACE ATTACHMENTS." A communication from abroad by Frédério
Vernier, of Saint Maxire, in the Republic of France.
The improvements consist of a frame of malleable cast iron or other metal and
a spiral spring of copper or steel, which is wound round a spindle of malleable
cast iron or other metal, ending in a hook or a ring. The frame has a circular disc
provided with an opening of the same shape as the section of the aforesaid spindle,
and so as to allow the spindle easily to slide through it. Opposite the disc, and
connected with the latter by two side-bars, is another disc, hollowed out so as to
leave room for the extremity of the spindle, and ending in a ring, which may or
may not receive an oval link. Two half-cylindrical plates, which are fixed with
screws to the side bars of the frame and rest on both ends on circular projections
of the flat disc and of the hollow disc, form a casing which encloses the spiral spring
and the spindle. The spindle is cylindrical, with four grooves on its circumference
to prevent its turning in the discs, and has near its extremity (opposite to the
hook or ring) a washer and pin, which press upon one end of the spiral spring,
while the opposite end of the latter rests free on the flat disc. The extremities of
the spring are filed and planed, so as to obtain their surfaces nearly parallel to the
flat and the hollow disc.
A NEW OR IMPROVED MODE OF LIGHTING LANTERNS AND CIGARS, AND IN APPLIANCES TO BE USED THEREFOR.
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Carl Theine at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 7th September 1878.
"
CARL THEINE, of Minden, Germany. A NEW OR IMPROVED MODE OF LIGHTING
LANTERNS AND CIGARS, AND IN APPLIANCES TO BE USED THEREFOR.'
"
This Invention relates to a new or improved mode of igniting and consuming
matches inside lanterns or other cases without opening the said cases ;
also
applicable to the lighting of cigars.
Hitherto difficulties have been experienced in lighting. the wicks of lanterns, and
in lighting cigars in the open air, owing to wind or rain extinguishing the match
for lighting the same before even the lantern is opened or the cigar lighted.
The Invention consists in mounting one or two pieces or plates of sheet metal on
the inside of the lantern or other case against one side thereof, their inner ends
being normally in contact, and the plates diverging in a triangular or V form
to the said side of the case, in which a narrow opening or slit is made immediately
opposite the meeting ends or apex of the triangle formed by the plates.
On the inside face of each plate is attached a friction sheet or surface, which may
be similar to that applied to an ordinary match box.
The plates of sheet metal are kept closed at their meeting ends or apex by a
spring or springs at their backs. The match being pushed through the narrow
opening or slit in the side of the lantern or other case, and coming in contact with
the friction surfaces on the plates, is ignited, and forcing apart the latter passes into
the case, where it is either applied for lighting the wick of the lantern or a cigar,
in which case the opposite side of the case is formed with a hole, through which the
cigar is inserted into the case; this bole is closed afterwards by a cover plate.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE GROUPING OF BURNERS FOR GAS AND OTHER ILLUMINATING AGENTS
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Morgan-Brown at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th November 1878. A communica-
tion from abroad by Henry Harrison Doty, of No. 1, Rue Laffitte, Paris.
WILLIAM MORGAN-BROWN, of the Firm of Brandon and Morgan-Brown, Engineers
and Patent Agents, of 38, Southampton Buildings, London, and 1, Rue Laffitte,
Paris. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE GROUPING OF BURNERS FOR GAS AND OTHER
ILLUMINATING AGENTS." [A communication from abroad by Henry Harrison Doty,
of No. 1, Rue Laffitte, Paris.]
These improvements consist in grouping three or more burners so as to constitute
together triangular, circular, or polygonal figure, the distance apart of said
burners as well as the direction of their flames varying according to circumstances,
but in all cases I produce by this arrangement a central vertical chainber completely
open throughout, or only very partially obstructed by a transverse pipe or such
a similar unimportant object, through which an ascending current of air is induced
by the consumption of the gas or other combustible in the said burners, such
current of air exceeding very considerably that which would be induced by the
same number of burners burning separately and not collectively.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TRIANGLES OR HOLDERS FOR GLOBES AND OTHER SIMILAR USES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Hummelsheim at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th October 1878.
JOSEPH HUMMELSHEIM, of 139, City Road, in the County of Middlesex, Wine
Merchant. "IMPROVEMENTS IN TRIANGLES OR HOLDERS FOR GLOBES AND OTHER
SIMILAR USES."
This Invention consists of improvements in the construction of what are known,
as triangles or holders for globes, lamp glasses, and similar purposes, and the object
of this invention is that the triangles shall fit any size globe or glass.
The arms on which the globe or glass rests are made in such a manner as they
expand to suit the size of glass required.
The Invention consists of a small tube, around which is an annular ring; in the
interior of the annular ring or chamber is placed or fitted a coiled or other suitable
spring; from the periphery of the annular ring at equal distances apart project
three armis similar to the ordinary triangles now in use.
The annular ring is kept in position by means of collars on the tube.
Upon the stem of the holder are fixed three prongs, situated at an equal distance
from each other, and bearing froin right to left; upon the prongs are square sockets,
which are so constructed, as to slide from right to left on the prougs. The arms of
the triangle are fitted into these sockets, so that by sliding the. sockets to the
extent of the prongs in a direction from right to left the triangle can be enlarged
to any desired extent or according to the size of the globe or glass.
Upon the globe or glass being placed on the triangle or holder all that is
required is to simply push one of the arms which releases the spring, and on letting
it go the spring recedes while the arms hold the globe or glass, thus dispensing
with the screw now in use, no other fastener being required.
At the end of the arms there is a small stop or lip to prevent the glasses
slipping off.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VELOCIPEDES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Lang at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents on the 6th April 1878.
JAMES LANG, of Cockspur Street, in the County of Middlesex, Gun Maker.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN VELOCIPEDES."
This Invention rolates to velocipedes for the use of children or adults, and has
for its object the provision of the maximum of strength in their construction at a
minimum of cost.
In carrying out my Invention in order to effect this object I construct the main
frame or "back bone "carrying the rear wheel or wheels and the "fork" carrying
the fore wheel cach in one piece of malleable cast iron, and I connect them together
so as to admit of the fork being turned in order to steer the velocipede by means
of a centre pin formed on the "back bone," and engaging with the fork, or vice
versa, in conjunction with a single adjustable screw centre pin fitted with a jamb
nut for securing the screw pin in any adjusted position.
The hind axle may be oither cast on or attached to the "back bone," and the
fore or crank axle is provided with a stationary collar or shoulder and an adjustable
screw collar or nut for screwing the wheel in position, bearings being also fitted to
the fork for supporting the axle and retaining it in its place vertically.
Any suitable spring saddle may be attached to the back bone by a screw or other-
wise for carrying the rider.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BILLIARD TABLES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James de Caulier Wetherell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th April 1878.
JAMES DE CAULIER WETHERELL, Farmer, of Bredfield, in the County of Suffolk.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BILLIARD TABLES."
These improvements consist,-
Firstly. In fitting to each leg of the table a small lifting jack of improved design,
consisting of a box, in part of which is a female thread. A plug, screw, and guide
rod formed in one or rigidly connected is fitted to the said box. The box or the
plug is, if desired, fitted with plates and antifriction rollers that the screw may be
turned with greater ease; the table may also be fitted with levels.
Secondly. These improvements include the application to billiard tables of means
by which the balls entering the pockets are conveyed to either end of the table as
may be desired; this is done by arranging a shelf or shelves inade in one or more
parts extending round the table, which system of shelving is hung on suitable
pivots, or on one central pivot, and can thus be readily inclined in the direction
requisite for bringing the balls to either end of the table.
In lieu of shelving, troughing or piping may be used, or a suitable combination
of shelves, troughs, and pipes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC ENGINES
Year: 1878

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Simon at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd August 1878. A communication from
abroad by Philipp Mayer, of Vienna, in the Empire of Austria, Engineer.
HENRY SIMON, of No. 7, St. Peter's Square, Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN HYDRAULIC ENGINES." [A communication from
abroad by Philipp Mayer, of Vienna, in the Empire of Austria, Engineer.]
This Invention has for its object to enable hydraulic engines to work efficiently
when the water pressure supply is cut off at any part of the stroke for the purpose
of varying the power of the engine, as may be required, the pressure being
continued in the cylinder even after the cut-off, and gradually decreasing towards
the end of the stroke, so that hydraulic engines operating in this manner will work
in a similar manner to and with the same advantages as expanding steam engines.
For this purpose the valve for regulating the admission and escape of the water to
and from the working cylinder, which may be of any suitable known construction,
is provided with valve gear of known arrangement for causing the valve to cut off
the water supply at any desired point of the stroke, and at each end of the cylinder,
or at the one end only if the engine is single acting, is provided an air vessel or
chamber, which at the commencement of the stroke contains air at the same
pressure as that of the water column working the engine; thus, when the water
pressure supply is cut off at any part of the stroke, the air in the air vessel
in expanding will enter the cylinder, causing the piston to complete its stroke
with a gradually decreasing pressure, and consequently without shock, such as is
experienced with ordinary water pressure engines.
As the air in the air vessel may become absorbed by the water to a certain extent
during the working, any such loss is made good by providing on the air vessel an
inlet valve or cock communicating with the outer atmosphere or with another
reservoir for compressed air, which is opened either automatically or by hand when
the air in the air vessel has become absorbed to any appreciable extent, such valve
being also brought into action when the degree of cut-off is varied during the
working of the engine. Such varying of the cut-off may be effected, either by
Din 931

page_text: hand, by any suitable known contrivance, such as is used for this purpose in steam
engines, or the admission valve may be connected directly with a governor by
gearing of well known construction, whereby the cut-off is varied by the action of
the governor when the engine is running above or below the normal speed.
By applying any arrangement of the well known "link motion," not only can the 5
cut-off be varied but the motion of the engine can be reversed.