IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS FOR CLOSING, FASTENING, AND OPENING STAND SHEET AND SKYLIGHT WINDOWS
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Benjamin Banks, of Manchester Road, Bradford, in the
County of York, Joiner, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS FOR
CLOSING, FASTENING, AND OPENING STAND SHEET AND SKYLIGHT WINDOWS,"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Benjamin Banks at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st July 1878.
BENJAMIN BANKS, of Manchester Road, Bradford, in the County of York, Joiner.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS FOR CLOSING, FASTENING, AND OPENING STAND SHEET
AND SKYLIGHT WINDOWS."
My Invention of improved means for closing, fastening, and opening stand sheet
and skylight windows relates to apparatus for making the opening and shutting
self-acting and adjustable.
-
To carry out my Invention for stand sheet windows, I fix with screws, in the top
of the window, a plate having a staple fixed thereon, in which I pass a hook
formed on the end of a bent lever, on the top of which two or more notches are
cut; in the notches fit a stop, cast or formed on one of the arms of a bell-crank
lever; the notches are cut to suit the different required opening of the window;
the bent lever works in a jaw cast on a bracket, which is secured to the window
fraine; in the top of the jaw is fitted the fulcrum of the bell-crank lever; this
fulcrum works on a stud or pin passed through the jaw lugs; the top arm of the
bell-cranked lever is made with a stop, and the end is cast with a weight; the
other arm is shorter and made with a ring, in which is passed a hook fixed on the
end of a stick, to actuate the stop, and open and close the window; or the window
can be worked by a band working over a pulley; the pulling down of the arm
having a ring lifts up the other arm of the bell-crank lever, on which is the stop,
lifting the stop from the notch, and by pulling forward the stop slides over the top
of the bent lever until it drops into another notch or comes in contact with a bent-
up end of the lever, when the window is fully opened; the weight on the stop arm

page_text: of the bell-crank lever forces the stop to enter the notch it comnes in contact with,
regulating the opening of the window.
For closing the window, the catch is lifted out of the notch and slid back over
the top of the bent lever.
For skylight windows, I fit on the bottom rail of the skylight a bracket having
lugs, in which is fitted a pin or stud, and on which works a hanging-down lever;
both sides of this lever are cut with notches, in which work double stops formed or
cast on a lever having a long and a short arm; the long arm is made with a weight,
and the short arm with a ring; the fulcrum of the lever works on a pin or stud
fixed in a bracket; the foot of this bracket is secured to the skylight window
frame; a band or rope is attached to the ring, which passes over a pulley fixed on
a stud fixed in the bracket; by pulling the band or rope attached to the ring it
causes the stops to be lifted out of the notches, and by pulling the band or rope end
passing over the pulley it causes the hanging-down lever to lift and open the
window, which remains open by means of the stops entering the last notches in the
sides of the lever. By again disengaging the stops from the notches the hanging-
down lever will fall and close the window, and fasten the same, preventing the
opening of the window from the outside.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Benjamin Banks in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 31st
December 1878.
BENJAMIN BANKS, of Manchester Road, Bradford, in the County of York, Joiner.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS FOR CLOSING, FASTENING, AND OPENING STAND SHEET
AND SKYLIGHT WINDOWS."
The said Invention relates to improved means for closing, fastening, and opening.
stand sheet and skylight windows, and in apparatus for making the opening and
closing self-acting and adjustable.
To carry out my Invention for stand sheet windows I fix with screws, in the top
of the window frame, a plate having an opening, in which is passed the button-
shaped head of a bent lever; on the top of the lover are cut two or more notches, in
which catches a stop cast or formed on one of the arms of a bell-crank lever; the
notches are cut to suit the different extent of opening of the window required; the
bent lever works in a jaw cast in a bracket, which is secured to the window frame;
in the top of the jaw is fitted a pin, on which works the fulcruin of the bell-crank
lever; the pin is passed through the jaw lugs; the top arm of the bell-cranked
lever is made with a stop, and the end is cast with a weight; the other arm is
shorter, and in the end is fitted an arm of a ring which works on a pin; in the
ring is passed a hook fitted on the end of a stick to actuate the stop to open and
close the window; or the window can be worked by a cord or band working over
a pulley. The hook being pulled downwards brings down the ring and short arm
of the bell-crank lever, and lifts up the long arm, lifting the stop from the notch,.
and by pulling forward the stop slides on the top of the bent lever until it drops in
a notch or comes in contact with the bent-up end of the lever, which fully opens
the window; the weight cast on the end of the long arm of the bell-crank lever
forces the stop to remain in the notch it comes in contact with.
In closing the window the catch is lifted out of the notch and slid back over the
top of the bent lever.
For skylight windows, I fit on the bottom rail of the skylight a bracket having
lugs, in which is fitted a pin or stud, and on which works a hanging down lever;
one of the sides of the lever is made or cast with notches, in which catches a stop
cast on a lever having a long and a short arm, the long arm having a weight cast
on the end, and the short arm a ring; the lever works on a pin or stud fitted in a
link and plate; this plate is screwed to the skylight window frame; a band or cord
is attached to the ring and made to pass over a small pulley which is fitted on a
pin secured in the link, and in a boss cast on the plate; by pulling the baud or
cord it causes the lowering of the arm having the ring and the lifting of the long
arm and stop, and the lifting up of the hanging-down lever; the band or cord is
attached to a lug cast on the end of the lever; the lifting up of the hanging-down
lever opens the window, and the stop being allowed to catch in any of the notches
regulates the opening of the window, and remains open until the stop is moved out
of the notch; and to prevent opening the skylight window from the outside when
the window is closed, a notch is made on the other side of the hanging-down lever,
which fits on the under side of the square boss cast on the plate; to remove the
notch out of gear of the square plate a catch is made or cast on the long arm,
which, on pulling the band or cord, comes in contact with the edge of the hanging-
down lever, and knocks off the notch from contact with the square boss, allowing
the free lifting or lowering of the hanging-down lever to open and close the skylight
window.
I also employ for opening and closing windows a straight lever or bar, which is
fixed in a bearer fitted to the window frame; the straight bar passes through an
open box made on one of the sides of a sliding bracket which is fixed to the
window; on the other side of the sliding bracket is made another open box, in
which is passed the curved arm of a hanging-down lever; the end of the curved

page_text: arm is made with a catch or stop, and the end of the hanging-down lever is made
with a jaw, in which is fitted a small pulley; the lever works on a pin fitted in
bosses formed in the side plates of the catch lever box, and in this box is fitted a spring
pressing under the catch lever arm; the window is opened by means of a cord or
band which is attached to the window frame, passed over the small pulley, and
then secured in a hole made in the hanging-down end of the straight lever; by
pulling the cord the hanging-down lever is pulled forward and the catch lever
lowered, thereby releasing the catch from the plate of the window frame, and the
sliding block is brought forward over the straight arm, and the window opened; to
close the window the cord is pulled the reverse way, which brings back the sliding
bracket and window, and on the shutting of the window in the frame the catch is
forced back to the window frame plate by the spring, and the window is secured.
But in order to enable my improvements to be better understood, I will proceed
to describe the same by reference to the accompanying Drawing, in which,―
Figure 1 represents a side elevation of a stand sheet window apparatus.
Figure 2, front view; Figure 3, back view of the weighted bell-crank lever; and
Figure 4, plan of the apparatus.
Figure
represents a side elevation of a skylight apparatus; Figure 6, side
view; and Figure 7, plan of the same.
Figure 8 represents a side elevation of a straight lever apparatus for opening and
closing stand sheet windows, and Figure 9, side view of the same.
Similar letters of reference are used to represent similar parts.
I will first describe the apparatus for opening, closing, and fastening stand sheet
windows by reference to Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4; also Figures 8 and 9.
A is the plate screwed to the top of the outside window frame B; the said plate
is made with an opening C, in which is passed the hend D of a bent lever E; this
lever is formed on the top with notches F and with a bent stop end G. On the
window frame E is screwed a bracket I having a jaw J; in the lugs of this jaw is
fitted a pin K on which works a double lever Land M; the lever M is made with
a catch N cast on the side, and the end is made or cast with a weight O; in the
end of the lever M is fitted a pin P, on which works the arm Q of a ring R; on
the side of the lever Mis cast a projection S, which prevents the ring turning
back when pulled to open the window; a stick having a hook is employed to open
and close the window, or a cord or band may be used; by pulling the ring forward
the arm or lover M is also brought forward, and the weighted arm or lever L is
lifted up, which releases the catch N from the notch, the weighted arm and catch
are then slid over the bent lever top and allowed to drop into any of the notches or
to strike against the stop G, when the window is full opened; in closing the
window, the weighted arm is lifted and pushed back until the window is closed.
In Figures 8 and 9, instead of the bent lever I employ a straight lever T, which
is fitted in a plate U fitted under the outside window frame; the lever is made
with a bent end V; on the window frame is screwed a bracket W having two
openings X and Y; in the opening X is passed the lever T; the sides of the
opening X are made with bosses Z, in which is fitted a pin A', on which works a
catch lever B' having a catch C and a jaw D', in which is fitted a pulley E¹; the
opening X is made with a small box F, in which is fitted a spring G³ acting on the
under side of the catch C¹; a band or cord is attached to the flange U of the
bracket and then passed over the pulley E', and over a pulley H¹ fitted in the
opening Y, and secured at the other end to the bent end. V; by pulling the cord I'
the lever B is lifted up, thereby releasing the catch O' from the end of the plate U,
and the opening X is slid over the lever T, which brings forward the bracket W
and window, opening the window; and by pulling the cord the reverse way the
bracket W is slid back, and the window brought back until closed; when the
closing of the window takes place the spring G forces up the catch C against the
side of the plate, which securely fastens the window until the window is required
to be opened, and the catch is actuated by the cord.

page_text: The apparatus for opening, closing, and fastening skylight windows is shewn in
Figures 5, 6, and 7.
J' is the plate secured by screws to the inside of the framework K'; this plato
is cast with a square projection Lin which is fixed a pin M', on which works a
small pulley N; on the pin is also fitted a link O', in the top of which is fitted a
pin P secured in the plate J¹; on this pin works a bent lever Q1 having a
weight O, and catches R¹ and S'; the other arm of the lever is made with a ring R,
to which is attached a cord or band I. On the window frame T' is fitted a
bracket U having lugs V, in which is fitted a pin WI, and on which works the
end X of a dropping lever Y₁; this lever is made with notches Z', and with a
notch A; the notches Z' regulate the different given heights of opening of the
window, and the notch A tho securing of the window, preventing the opening
from the outside when the window is closed. The cord or band l' is secured to the
ring R, then passed over the pulley N¹, and the other end of the cord is secured to
a lug B cast on the end of the lover Y₁; by pulling the cord by the end attached
to the ring the weighted lever is lifted up, releasing the catch R' from the notch,
the cord or band being then pulled on the pulley side causes the lever Y¹ to lift up
and open the window, and by pulling the reverse way the lever Y' falls down, and
closes the window; when the window is closed the catch S₁ comes in contact with
the inside of the square projection L', securing or locking the window, and preventing
the opening of the same from the ouside.
Having thus described my improvements, and the bost means I am acquainted
with for carrying the same into effect, I would have it understood that I do not
confine myself to the precise details shewn and described, as they may be variod
without departing from the peculiar character of the Invention, but what I do
claim is,
Firstly. The construction and employment of weighted catch levers, the catches
of which work over the tops of bent levers and catch in notches made in the tops
of the bent levers, substantially as herein-before described, and represented in the
accompanying Drawing.
Secondly. The construction and employment of straight levers, over which slides
a bracket fixed to the window, and which is actuated by bands or cords only,
substantially as herein described, and represented in the Drawing annexed.
Thirdly. The construction and employment of weighted catch levers working
over dropping or hanging-down levers, substantially as and for the purpose herein-
before described, and represented by the accompanying Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said Benjamin Banks, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-third day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.
Witness,
WALTER JAS. TURNER, C.E.,
Patent Agent,
Bradford.
BENJAMIN BANKS. (L.S.)