IMPROVEMENTS IN CHURNS PARTLY APPLICABLE ALSO IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BARRELS AND OTHER VESSELS
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Hathaway of Chippenham in the County of
Wilts for an invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN CHURNS PARTLY APPLICABLE
ALSO IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BARRELS AND OTHER VESSELS
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Hathaway at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd June 1882.
GEORGE HATHAWAY of Chippenham in the County of Wilts
"IMPROVEMENTS
IN CHURNS, PARTLY APPLICABLE ALSO IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BARRELS AND
OTHER VESSELS
"
My invention has for object improvements in churns partly applicable also in the
construction of barrels stone and glass jars and other vessels.
In churns of the barrel class revolving end over end the lid or cover has usually
formed one head or end of the churn, and the whole of the said head or end has
been removable.
Now, according to my invention, in order to reduce the size and weight of the
cover and produce a stronger construction of churn provide a ring, which may
conveniently be of metal, which is fixed into the open end of the churn much in
the same manner as that in which the wooden heads are fixed in barrels and casks
and is secured in place by aid of hoops. The above mentioned ring is provided with
means for securing the lid or cover in its place.
In carrying out my invention, according to one arrangement, three or more bolts
or studs are connected to the ring and are each furnished with a clip or collar that
can be forced on to the edge of the lid or cover by a thumb or hand nut. The lid
or cover may be constructed either entirely of wood or metal or of a metal ring
having a wooden centre secured by being forced into position and having the edge
of the metal ring turned in upon it. India rubber or other packing is interposed
between the lid or cover and the ring to make a tight joint and prevent any escape
of cream or other substance during the process of churning. In barrels, casks,

page_text: butter firkins, glass or stone jars and such vessels constructed according to this
invention, I place the above mentioned ring some little distance from the ends of
the external walls of the vessel and I further substitute screw nuts in the place or
stead of the before mentioned thumb or hand nuts thus leaving no projections
beyond the chime or outer edge of the barrel, firkin, cask or other vessel to interfere
with its manipulation.
A churn of the barrel class revolving end over end, having a lid or cover at one
end only, requires to be balanced, and to this end I fix a detachable metal box the
centre of which is fitted with a screw or other plug, and is designed for the
reception of sand or other matter the contents being adjusted to secure an exact
balance for the churn.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said George Hathaway in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 1st December
1882.
#
GEORGE HATHAWAY, of Chippenham in the County of Wilts IMPROVEMENTS
IN CHURNS, PARTLY APPLICABLE ALSO IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BARRELS AND
OTHER VESSELS."
My invention has for object improvements in churns partly applicable also in
the construction of barrels, stone and glass jars and other vessels. In churns of
the barrel class revolving end over end the lid or cover has usually formed
one head or end of the churn, and the whole of the said head or end has been
removable.
Now according to my invention, in order to reduce the size and weight of the
covers and produce a stronger construction of churn I provide a ring which may
conveniently be of metal, which is fixed into the open end of the churn much
in the same manner as that in which the wooden heads are fixed in barrels and casks
and is secured in place by aid of hoops.
The above mentioned ring is provided with means for securing the lid or cover in
its place.
In carrying out my invention, three or more bolts or studs are connected to the
ring and are each furnished with a clip or collar that can be forced on to the edge
of the lid or cover by a thumb or hand nut.
Figs. 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawings are plan and section respectivel of
an arrangement of lid or cover with means for securing it according to my
invention. A is a metal ring secured into the churn or vessel I as shewn in Fig. 3
which illustrates part of a churn with my invention applied thereto. The outer
flange of the ring in this case enters a recess formed in the inner circumference of
the vessel which is trussed by hoops B. C, C, are studs secured to the ring A and
provided with thumb nuts D by turning which the clips or collars E can be forced
on to the edge of the lid or cover F. The lid or cover F may be constructed either
entirely of wood or metal or as shewn with a surrounding metal ring G and a
wooden centre H which is forced into the ring before the lip G' is turned down.
The part J of the cover ring A forms a channel to receive india rubber or other
suitable packing which being thus interposed between the lid or cover and the ring A
makes a tight joint.
In barrels, casks, butter firkins, glass or stone jars, and such vessels constructed
according to this invention, I place the ring A some little distance from the ends of
the external wall of the vessel and I employ screw nuts in the place or stead of the
before mentioned thumb or hand nuts, thus the wall of the vessel protects the lid
fastenings and no projections are left beyond the chime or outer edge of the barrel,
firkin, cask or other vessel to interfere with its manipulation. This arrangement
will be readily understood from the foregoing description.
A churn of the barrel class revolving end over end, having a lid or cover at one
end only, requires to be balanced, and to attain this object I affix to the churn by
screwing or otherwise a detachable metal box such as shown in Figs. 4 and 5 in
half plan and sectional elevation respectively.
The box at its centre is fitted with a screw or other plug and is designed for the
reception of sand or other matter, the contents being adjusted or regulated to secure
an exact balance for the churn.
Having described the nature of the said invention and explained the manner
of carrying the same into practical effect I would have it understood that what I

page_text: consider to be novel and original and therefore claim as the Invention secured to
me by the herein before in part recited Letters Patent is :-
1. The ring A fixed within the open end of the vessel I and kept in place by
hoops B substantially as described.
2 The use in conjunction with a churn, barrel, or other vessel and a removable
lid or cover of a ring such as A secured to the vessel and means for holding the lid
or cover in place to close the vessel substantially as described.
3 The use for balancing a churn revolving end over end and having a lid or cover
at one end of a detachable metal box with a removable closure, the arrangement
being such that the weight at that end of the revolving churn, barrel or vessel can
be adjusted by placing sand or other matter within or removing it from the said
box substantially as described.
In Witness whereof I the said George Hathaway have hereunto set my hand
and seal this thirtieth day of November in the year of our Lord, one
thousand eight hundred and eighty two.
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