Improvements in the Manufacture of Artificial Stone and Cement for Building, Paving, Railway Sleepers, and other purposes.
Year: 1899

page_text: Improvements in the Manufacture of Artificial Stone and Cement for
Building, Paving, Railway Sleepers, and other purposes.
I, PAUL TIMOFEEFF, of 20, Zabalkansky Perspective, St. Petersburg, Russia,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to the manufacture of artificial stone for building pur-
poses of all kinds and of cement for uniting the building blocks. For this pur-
pose any rocks or constituents of the ground such as clay, or limestone or brick
or stone, rubbish or mixtures of these with each other, with fluxes, alkalies or
alkaline earths, oxides, metallic compounds or other substances for giving colour
when desired, are ground to a fine powder and melted at a high temperature,
either all together or some portions first to which other portions are added during
the melting, lime being added in certain cases to facilitate the fusion. The
fused material is cast or pressed into moulds forming blocks of any desired size
and form, which are afterwards annealed. For uniting these blocks in structures
either ordinary cement or a cement is employed which is a compound of silicate
and quick lime, or a compound of ordinary cement with the pulverised artificial
stone.
In cases where great hardness is required, quartz sand is mixed with the
molten materials just before casting into moulds so that such sand remains in
its granular condition.
The slabs or blocks may also consist of a core or base of one kind of the fused
material, coated with a layer of material of different composition, united to the
core by fusion. Or such coating as a paint, in which case it may consist of a
silicate mortar with or without colouring matter, such mortar being composed of
silicate with quick-lime.
Dated this 30th day of December 1899
Improvements in the Manufacture of Artificial Stone and Cement for
Building, Paving, Railway Sleepers, and other purposes.
I, PAUL TIMOFEEFF, of 20, Zabalkansky Perspective, St. Petersburg, Russia,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
This invention relates to the manufacture of artificial stone for building pur-

page_text: poses of all kinds and of cement for uniting the building blocks. For this pur-
pose any rocks or constituents of the ground such as clay, or limestone or brick
or stone, rubbish or mixtures of these with each other, with fluxes, alkalies or
alkaline earths oxides, metallic compounds or other substances for giving colour
when desired, are ground to a fine powder and melted at a high temperature,
either all together or some portions first to which other portions are added during
the melting, lime being added in certain cases to facilitate the fusion. For
fusing the mixture, furnaces may be used such as those employed for melting
steel or glass, or any other furnace that can be worked at sufficiently high tem-
perature. The fused material is cast or pressed into moulds forming blocks of
any desired size and shape which are afterwards annealed in the same way as
glass articles are annealed. For uniting these blocks in structures either
ordinary cement or a 'cement is employed which is a compound of quick lime,
with 5 to 15 per cent. of silicate of lime or a compound of ordinary cement with
the pulverised artificial stone.
In cases where great hardness is required, quartz sand is mixed with the molten
materials just before casting into moulds the sand remaining in its granular con-
dition in the mass.
The slabs or blocks may also consist of a core or base of one kind of the fused
material coated with a layer of material of different composition, united to the
core by fusion. Or such coating may be applied as a paint, in which case it
may consist of a silicate mortar with or without colouring matter, such mortar
being composed of soluble glass with quick-lime.
The proportions of the materials may be varied. I have found the following
materials and proportions give good results.
Quartz sand
Red clay
Ordinary lime
River silt or mud
Brown iron ore
35 parts.
30
"
25
"
5
"
5
"
These being finely ground and intimately mixed together, are melted, moulded
and annealed as above described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:―
}
The herein described manufacture of artificial stone by finely grinding and
'intimately mixing materials such as hereinbefore mentioned, fusing the mixture,
moulding it in blocks or pieces of desired size and shape and annealing these.
Dated this 12th day of September 1900.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.