IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OR MANUFACTURE OF THREAD OR YARN
Year: 1846

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents; 66, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date
at Westminster, the Seventeenth day of February, in the ninth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said William Edward Newton, Her especial license, full' power, sole privilege
and authority, that I, the said William Edward Newton, my executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, and such others as I, the said William Edward
Newton, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term of
years therein mentioned, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and in
all Her Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, and in the Islands of
Guernsey, Jersey, Alderney, Sark, and Man, my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE PREPARATION OR MANUFACTURE OF THREAD OR YARN," being a communi-
cation from a Foreigner residing abroad; in which said Letters Patent is con-
tained a proviso obliging me, the said William Edward Newton, by an
instrument in writing under my hand and seal, particularly to describe and
ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, and to cause the same to be enrolled in Her Majesty's High
Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after

page_text: the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same,
reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
William Edward Newton, do hereby declare that the nature of the said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, is par-
ticularly described and ascertained in and by the following description thereof,
reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the letters and
figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
This Invention of Improvements in the Preparation or Manufacture of
Thread or Yarn, which has been communicated to me by a Foreign Corre
spondent as aforesaid, consists in preparing and operating upon hanks, skeins,
or quantities of yarn or thread, for the purpose of softening the texture, and
improving the appearance or quality of the yarn or thread by giving it a
lustrous or shining appearance. This effect is produced, first, by dipping the
thread or yarn in a glutinous, resinous, or gummy mixture, prepared in the
manner hereafter described, and then operating upon them in a machine, where
they are submitted to considerable friction. The glutinous or gummy pre-
paration which is employed for the first operation is composed of paste or
size and soap, or of paste or size; without soap; this paste or size is made
of water in a boiling state, mixed with starch or the flour of buck-
wheat, barley, rye, or linseed, with the addition of either dextrine, gum
arabic, or some other gummy' or glutinous material. In selecting either
of the above-mentioned substances, care should be taken that that sub-
stance which would best suit or less interfere with the colour of the thread
should be employed, and the quantity of water mixed with the size may
be increased or diminished according to the degree of hardness or softness
which it is required to impart to the thread or yarn. The hanks or skeins
having been properly prepared by being dipped in the size or glutinous
mixture above mentioned, or any other suitable analogous preparation, are
submitted to the operation of the machine hereafter described and shewn in
the accompanying Drawing, in which Fig. 1 represents a front elevation of the
machine complete; Fig. 2, a plan or horizontal representation as seen from
above; and Fig. 3 is a transverse vertical section of the same.
A and B are
two shafts mounted horizontally one above the other in bearings affixed to the
framework of the machine, and are connected together by the two toothed
wheels C and D, and receive their motion from the pullies E, which are
actuated by the prime mover by means of a band or strap. These two shafts
A and B are mounted in bearings F, F, and G, G¹, secured to the upright
posts H, H, of the framework, which posts are connected together by the pieces

page_text: pass.
I, J, the pullies E and gearing C and D being situated between them. Outside
the uprights H, HI, and upon the shafts A and B, flyers or fans, with four rings
or blades K, K, L, L, made of wood, are placed, and are secured thereon by
iron pins placed inside. The wings or blades of the fans or flyers are covered
with cloth or some other material composed of flax, hemp, cotton, or wool,
according as a greater or less amount of friction is required. Behind and
below, but parallel with the shafts A and B, are the iron rods or shafts M.
and N, seen best in the sectional view, Fig. 3. These shafts M and N
through the uprights H, and are secured thereto by means of rings, so as to
maintain them in their places, and they serve not only to assist the blades of
the fans L, L, to support or undergo the work without too much vibration,
but also to prevent the thread from touching the under or hinder part of the
fans or flyers K, K, L, L'. In front of the fans L, L', is a table P, upon
which are placed two small wooden frames Q and R, which have an inclined
guide at each side, and upon which the rollers S run. These rollers are
mounted in bearings or hooks at the ends of the pieces of iron, in the form of
a T, as seen in Fig. 2. The tail end of this T-shaped piece of iron slides in
two guides U, which maintains it in its proper position. Under this tail is
fastened a strap, which passes over a small roller V, and carries at its opposite
end a weight W, so as to give it some degree of tension. All this being
understood, nothing is more simple than the operation of the machine, which
may be explained in a few words. One or more hanks or skeins of thread,
damped with the glutinous preparation above mentioned, are taken and placed
upon the shafts M and N and flan or flyer L at one end, and the same is done
at the other end of the machine. The thread is also passed round the rollers S,
as seen best in the detached sectional view, Fig. 4, which explains and shews
this part of the machine more clearly than the other Figures, and the rollers
S are then placed on the inclined guides of the frames Q and R, and are con-
nected at their extremities to the pieces T. The little roller X, shewn in the
sectional view, is only placed there to impart greater tension to the thread,
and to prevent it from being drawn round too quickly by the friction. The
four flyers or fans K, K, L, L', being connected together, by means of the
gearing or toothed wheels C and D, with an equal number of teeth, always
preserve their relative position when the machine is put in motion; and the
blades or vanes K, K¹, are made continually to rub the surface of the thread.
which is stretched across these blades or vanes of the flyers or fans L, L', that
are uppermost, while the blades or vanes of the flyers or fans L, L', rub the
surface of the thread which is extended across the shafts or rods M and N and
the rollers S by the tension of the weight W, as seen best in Fig. 4. The

page_text: rollers S, which strain the thread by means of the tension of the weight W,
also prevent the thread from being drawn forward too quickly, so that the blades.
of the flyers K, K, L, L, may each in their turn, and in a proper manner, be
made to rub the upper and under side of the thread with great force and speed,
while the thread is going forward very slowly, by this means imparting to the
thread a lustrous or shining appearance. The progress of the thread while
under operation will be readily understood by referring to the Drawing, in
which it is represented by a red line.
Having now described the Invention that has been communicated to me as
aforesaid, and the best means with which I am acquainted for carrying, the
same into effect, I would have it understood, that I lay no claim to such parts
of the operations above described as have been heretofore known and in use,
such as sizing, threads for the purpose of laying the fibres; nor do I intend to
confine myself to the precise arrangement or construction of parts herein
shewn, as they may doubtless be varied without departing from the nature or
object of the Invention. But I claim, as the Invention secured to me under
the herein-before. in part recited Letters Patent, preparing and finishing
thread or yarn by means of the process and operation above shewn and
described, whereby the appearance of such thread or yarn is much improved.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Newton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of August, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-six.
W. E. (L.S.) NE
NEWTON.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the same Seventeenth day of
August, in the year above mentioned, the aforesaid William Edward Newton
came before our Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the
Specification aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according
to the tenor of the Statute in that case made and provided.