IMPROVEMENTS IN OIL-LAMPS AND LANTERNS
Year: 1885

page_text: I, HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of said invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN
OIL-LAMPS AND LANTERNS, a communication to me from abroad by Louis Sepulchre,
Manufacturer, of Herstal, in the kingdom of Belgium, to be as follows:-
The improvements consist in constructing lamps and lanterns exposed to the
wind, with a supplementary chimney consisting of one piece or several parts
connected together by a knee or hinge joint.
In suspending these supplementary chimneys by means of the two rods having
a vertical movement in two grooves or with the aid of a rod and guides. Also in
arranging the case containing the illuminating apparatus in such a manner that the
lower wall of the case admits the passage of fresh air for the purpose of cooling the
oil reservoir. Also in the arrangement of burner with a double current of air
traversing the oil reservoir. Also in the employment of several screens or trays in
the foot of the lantern forming compartments communicating with each other by
means of suitable holes for the purpose of deadening the force of the wind, these
apertures being arranged parallel to the direction of the currents of air. These
trays when connected form a pedestal for the lamp. Also in the employment of
an external petroleum reservoir, either arranged like a ring round the foot, or
separated from the heated body of the lantern, and placed in a special and
thoroughly ventilated chamber. Also in the arrangement of the key of the
burner extending outside the walls of the foot of the lantern, so that the wick
can be regulated from the outside and without opening the lantern. Also in the
use of hoods protecting the outlets for the products of combustion, in combination
with a second outer hood.
The improvements are performed as follows:
The supplementary chimney can be rivetted to the interior of a collar
provided with two spindles.
The two spindles rest in bearings which are so deeply grooved that the supple-
mentary chimney cannot leave them when the cap of the lamp is on,

page_text: These bearings are placed on the chimney of the disc at the two extremities of
the diameter parallel to the door, so that the supplementary chimney can be
oscillated towards the door for the purpose of introducing and removing the glass
chimney or other modes of construction may be employed.
The burner may be composed of two tubes and soldered to a collar and con-
taining a round wick, placed concentrically in a tube which traverses the oil
reservoir and is prolonged to a suitable distance above and below. The upper
part of this tube being terminated by a solid collar movable or fixed at pleasure.
The lower part of this tube extends as far as the bottom of the burner.
To protect the burner (whether the one just described or any other) against
gusts of wind, the lamp is placed in a ventilating tray having a double bottom and
several vertical partitions. The partitions and the foot are pierced partly or all
round with holes. The air is therefore sifted through several rows of openings, and
reaches the burner in a suitable manner.
The oil reservoir is formed as follows:
The body is separated from the foot containing the reservoir by a partition fixed
on the lantern; this partition supports the collar bearing the glass chimney. The
oil reservoir is placed in the foot of the lantern. The foot is attached to the
lantern by a bayonet fastening. The rod of the key which actuates the wick
traverses the lateral wall of the foot, and the button which serves to effect the
movement is situated outside the lamp to facilitate the regulation of the flame.
When the foot is fixed to the lantern in the manner described, the burner is inside
the lantern, and the tube fits closely to the collar so as to cut off the air by this
joint. The interior of the lantern is suitably and specially supplied with air
through apertures in the sides as usual. The wall is amply perforated above and
below the reservoir so as to keep the foot cool.
The burner and the air tube traverse the partition and enter a perforated sleeve.
The bottom of this sleeve is movable and a sufficient number of holes are made in
the lower part of the wall of the foot to supply the burner through the apertures
of the sleeve wall.
In small lanterns I prefer adopting the following arrangement which consists in
employing a supplementary chimney terminated by a protecting hood situated
inside the lantern, and protected itself against gusts of wind by a second hood
forming part of the lantern.

page_text: Improvements in Oil Lamps and Lanterns.
I, HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of 67, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, a communication to me
from abroad by Louis Sepulchre, Manufacturer, of Herstal, in the Kingdom of
Belgium, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
All the improvements constituting the present invention are applicable to
different kinds of lamps intended for use in the open air, though certain modifi-
cations are employed in preference to others in certain cases.
In order to illustrate more clearly the application and use of these contrivances,
I shall describe them as applied to various lamps, and I must especially remark,
that they can all be used for any of Sepulchre's lamps in the open air.
The first instance relates to locomotive head lights, see Fig. 1 to 6 of the
drawings.
In order to increase the illuminating power and the steadiness of the flame,
I employ a supplementary chimney, besides the glass one, which enters the
former.
The dimensions and the arrangement of this supplementary chimney vary
according to the power of the burner, and the kind of lamp to which it is to be
applied.
There are four modifications of such supplementary chimneys.
In the drawing the first kind is shown by Figs. 3 and 3a. The supplementary
chimney is riveted to the interior of a collar B provided with two spindles C C.
The two spindles rest in bearings D, which are so deeply grooved, that the
supplementary chimney A cannot leave them, when the cap of the lamp is on.
These bearings are placed on the chimney of the disc at the two extremities of
the diameter parallel to the door, so that the supplementary chimney A can be
oscillated towards the door for the purpose of introducing and removing the glass
chimney. In the second case, instead of suspending the supplementary chimney
by means of a collar and spindles, the chimney A¹ is surmounted by a horseshoe-
shaped yoke terminating in a rod F. Fig. 4. This rod traverses the cap of the
lamp, so that the supplementary chimney A' can slide up and down sufficiently to
allow the glass chimney to be introduced or removed.
A guide F keeps the chimney A in the same vertical direction as the glass
chimney.
The third modification is shown by Fig. 5 and consists in a supplementary
chimney A¹¹ a made in two pieces connected together by a ball and socket joint,
the part a being fixed.
In the fourth modification each of the two parts of the chimney A¹¹¹ a¹, Fig. 6, is
terminated at the point of junction by a plate. These plates are connected by a
binge on the side of the door.
The part a¹ being fixed in the chimney, the other part hangs freely, and owing
to its weight and the manner in which it is suspended, it leaves the vertical

page_text: position and inclines on the side of the door, so that the glass chimney can be
introduced or removed.
When the chimney has been placed on the burner, it supports the part A¹¹¹ in a
vertical position so as to form one chimney with the part a¹.
In all these modifications the supplementary chimneys can be cylindrical, conical,
bulged or not at the base, to facilitate the manipulation of the glass chimney.
They are fixed in the chimney of the disc, so that they can be removed to be
cleaned.
There is also a special kind of hood for petroleum lamps when used in the
open air.
The purpose of this modification which is applicable to various lamps, is to
separate the atmosphere surrounding the burner from that which surrounds the oil
reservoir, so that the reservoir can be completely cooled by admitting plenty of air
round it without extinguishing the lamp.
For this purpose only the front part G, Fig. 2, of the foot of the disc is closed,
and the part H is opened all along this foot; a partition I protects the burner from
the direct action of the wind.
Between the oil reservoir L and the partition at the bottom of the disc there is
a free space which allows the air to enter the interior of the chest; the latter and
the reservoir are greatly cooled by the air being continually renewed which escapes
through the openings M.
The air required for combustion enters by the openings N as usual, and the
products of combustion escape by the openings O in the upper part of the cap,
Figs. 2 and 3.
Secondly, these improvements can be applied to small lanterns, and I shall
describe four of these lanterns; say two railway signal lanterns, a hand lantern
and a carriage lantern, Figs. 7 to 11.
Again in order that the flame may not be affected by the current of air, which
has to be admitted into the lantern for the purpose of cooling it; the burner shown
by Fig. 7 is used, in which the current of external air and the internal current
enter below the oil-reservoir.
This burner composed of two tubes b and c soldered to a collar d and containing
a round wick, is placed concentrically in a tube f, which traverses the oil-reservoir
and is prolonged to a suitable distance above and below. The upper part of this
tube is terminated by a solid collar g, movable or fixed at pleasure. The lower
part of this tube extends as far the bottom of the burner. In the present case both
extend beyond the bottom of the reservoir, so as to contain a reserve of wick below
the latter.
A tube h conducts the oil from the reservoir to the burner.
To protect the burner (whether the one just described or any other) against
gusts of wind, the lamp is placed in a ventilating tray having a double bottom and
several vertical partitions. The partitions ¹ and the foot are pierced partly or
all round with holes. The air is therefore sifted through several rows of holes, and
reaches the burner in a suitable manner.
All the openings are connected in such a manner that the direction of the air in
the interior of the lantern is always parallel and never perpendicular to the
perforated screw. A fourth arrangement consists in removing the oil-reservoir
from the interior of the lantern, and will be described for three modifications,
Figs. 7, 8, 9 and 10. The body m, Fig. 7, is separated from the foot containing the
reservoir by a partition n fixed on the lantern; this partition supports the collar
bearing the glass-chimney g. The oil reservoir is placed in the foot of the lantern.
The foot is attached to the lantern by a bayonet fastening. The rod o of the key,
which actuates the wick, traverses the lateral wall p of the foot, and the button 1,
which serves to effect the movement, is situated outside the lamp to facilitate the
regulation of the flame. When the foot is fixed to the lantern in the manner
described, the burner is inside the lantern, and the tube f fits closely to the collar
so as to cut off the air by this joint. The interior of the lantern is suitably and

page_text: specially ventilated through apertures in the walls as usual. The wall p is
amply provided with holes above and below the reservoir so as to keep the foot
cool.
The burner and the air-tube f traverse the partitions and enter a perforated
sleeve. The bottom of this sleeve is movable, and a sufficient number of holes
are made in the lower part of the wall of the foot k to supply the burner through
the apertures of the sleeve-wall i.
A second modification is illustrated by Fig. 8. It consists of an external
annular reservoir / placed round the foot of the lantern. The burner b communi-
cates with the reservoir by means of a tube h for the purpose of feeding the wick.
The burner b is firmly fixed to the centre of the lantern by means of a covered
sleeve resting on the bottom x of the foot of the lantern and to which it is
soldered.
This sleeve is closed below by a movable cover v. The foot k is perforated all
round for the purpose of ventilating the lantern. The sleeve i serves to protect the
burner against any violent gusts of wind and effectually prevents the light from
being extinguished. There are sufficient apertures in the sleeve to ensure the
combustion of the petroleum in the burner.
Figs. 9 and 10 show the application of the arrangement just described to a
carriage lamp and to a hand lamp.
As the arrangement is the same as the one above described it is only necessary
to refer to the drawings.
In order to render these appliances complete, the outlet apertures for the
products of combustion must be protected.
In these small lanterns I prefer to adopt the following arrangement which
consists in employing a supplementary chimney terminated by a protecting hood
situated inside the lantern, and protected itself against gusts of wind by a second
hood forming part of the lantern.
A supplementary chimney u, Figs. 7, 8, 9, 10, provided with three or more
riveted arms is suspended by screws in the external hood z. This supplementary
chimney is of a cylindrical form, and below it widens out to allow the glass
chimney to be easily introduced, with a shoulder which serves as a catch and
fastening. This kind of chimney is used in all my improvements; only the parts
serving to protect the chimneys are modified in combination with the chimney of
the lantern.
These protectors consist in
1) a box w, Figs. 7 to 10, soldered or riveted to the upper extremity of the
chimney u and suitably pierced with holes.
2) an apparatus of larger dimensions, Fig. 11, composed of a cylinder e with a
bottom Y set on the cylinder. To this bottom y is attached the supplementary
chimney u, and a movable cover or cap y' closes the box.
The cylinder e is perforated to allow the products of combustion to escape.
These appliances are fixed in position by means of arms screwed on to the outer
hood.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is in lamps and lanterns, liable to be exposed to the wind
1.) The supplementary chimney A, A¹, A¹¹, a, A¹¹ al consisting of one piece or
several parts connected together by a knee or hinge joint, Figs. 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6.
2.) The mode of suspending these supplementary chimneys by means of the two
rods C C having a vertical movement in two grooves, or with the aid of a rod E
and the guides F, Figs. 2, 3, 3 and 4.
3.) The arrangement of the frame, containing the illuminating apparatus in
such a manner that the lower wall G of this frame admits the passage of fresh air
for the purpose of cooling the oil reservoir, as described above and represented
by Fig. 2.

page_text: 4.) The arrangement of a burner with a double current of air traversing the
oil-reservoir, Fig. 7.
5.) The employment of several screens or trays in the foot of the lantern
forming compartments communicating with each other by means of suitable holes
for the purpose of deadening the force of the wind, these apertures being arranged
parallel to the direction of the currents of air; these trays, when connected,
forming a pedestal for the lamp, Figa. 7, 8, 9 and 10.
6.) The employment of an external petroleum reservoir, either arranged like a
ring round the foot, or separated from the heated body of the lantern, and placed
in the special and thoroughly ventilated chamber, Figs. 7, 8, 9 and 10.
7.) The arrangement of the key of the burner extending outside the walls of the
foot of the lantern, so that the wick can be regulated from the outside and
without opening the lantern, Fig. 7.
8.) The employment of hoods protecting the outlets for the products of com-
bustion, as described above, in combination with a second outer hood Figs. 7. to 11.