IMPROVE- MENTS IN OR. CONNECTED WITH THE MANUFACTURE OF COKE FOR OBTAINING PRODUCTS THEREFROM AND IN THE TREATMENT OF PRODUCTS RESULTING THE SAID MANUFACTURE AND IN APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED ⚫ FROM THEREIN
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alexander Bertram Cowan of Mount Pleasant Spennymoor
in the County of Durham Analytical Chemist for an Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN OR. CONNECTED WITH THE MANUFACTURE OF COKE FOR OBTAINING
PRODUCTS THEREFROM AND IN THE TREATMENT OF PRODUCTS RESULTING
THE SAID MANUFACTURE AND IN APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED
⚫ FROM
THEREIN "
+
•
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alexander Bertram Cowan
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th November 1883.
ALEXANDER BERTRAM COWAN of Mount Pleasant Spennymoor in the County of
Durham Analytical Chemist. "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR CONNECTED WITH THE
MANUFACTURE OF COKE FOR OBTAINING PRODUCTS THEREFROM AND IN THE
TREATMENT OF PRODUCTS RESULTING FROM THE SAID MANUFACTURE AND IN
APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED THEREIN
"
My Invention consists in improvements in or connected with the manufacture of
coke for obtaining products therefrom and in the treatment of products resulting
from the said manufacture and in apparatus to be employed therein, the said
Invention being especially adapted for application to the process called the Jameson
process which is described in the Specifications of Patents Nos 1947 and 5076 of 1882.
I find that after extraction of oil from the Coke Oven gas produced in the
Jameson process in the imperfect way in which for commercial consideration such
large quantities of gas must necessarily be treated, that there is a considerable
quantity of oil yet wasted and passing away in the gas, and that much of this oil
is so light as to evade the action of an ordinary scrubber and even of considerable
cooling and my invention consists, firstly in a method whereby at a very small cost
the waste may to a great extent be obviated. I employ a pipe in the exhausting
arrangement diminished at one part so as to present internally a space corresponding
to two truncated cones; the small ends of which come together, and near the
contraction of the pipe thus formed, I apply a steam jet, preferably giving an
annular jet like a railway whistle, so that when steam is applied I produce in the
gas passing through the diminished orifice an extremely high velocity compared
with its velocity in the other part of the pipe, and I thus develope a tendency in

page_text: the oil to separate from the gas (on any surface presented to it) in a ratio
approximating to the different specific gravities of the oil and gas, the impetus of
the particles of oil being greater than the impetus of the particles of gas-I find
that for the condensation of oil in this way it is not necessary to effect extreme
cooling (I find that by the condensation of the steam oil is condensed with it) and
therefore I prefer to apply my Invention after the Gas has been cooled and
scrubbed as in the Jameson process and simply for the purpose of dealing with gas
as wasted in that process or burned-I am aware that gas has been extracted from
Coke Ovens by means of a steam jet but if applied direct to the Gas issuing from
the Oven it has the effect of weakening the ammoniacal liquor and at the same
time of making the Oil soapy, but applied in accordance with my Invention it is
free from these defects-I find however that by due proportioning of the contracted
pipe and the steam jet there is produced a considerable suction and therefore that
when my process is in use in conjunction with a process like the Jameson process
it is possible entirely to dispense with any other exhauster, and to produce adequate
suction by the jet alone, and therefore to combine two objects and to cheapen the
whole process
The next part of my Invention consists in separating automatically the oils and
liquor condensed in the process.
I am aware that apparatus of a similar character has been used for other
purposes, but my Invention consists in a general simplification applying especially
to the oils and liquor produced in the Jameson process.
I introduce the oil and liquor into a tank of adequate size, or the size of which
as regards its efficacy is increased by its special arrangement for regulating the
flow of the oil from the period of ingress to the separating period, at which latter
part I introduce two pipes, one dipping or connected to the bottom or to near the
bottom of the tank and the other connected at the surface of the liquor, but both
discharging at the same level-I put cocks or regulating valves or similar appliances
on the deeply dipped pipe or on both pipes and so adjust the flow from the deeply
dipped pipe as that it shall be capable of delivering approximately such quantity
of the more clear liquor as separates by gravitation and no more and then I effect
almost automatically, with attention only at lengthened intervals, and by a
continuous process, the separation of the oils and liquor.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Alexander Bertram Cowan in the Patent Office on the 15th May 1884.
ALEXANDER BERTRAM COWAN of Mount Pleasant Spennymoor in the County of
Durham Analytical Chemist "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR CONNECTED WITH THE
MANUFACTURE OF COKE FOR OBTAINING PRODUCTS THEREFROM AND IN THE
TREATMENT OF PRODUCTS RESULTING FROM THE SAID MANUFACTURE AND IN
APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED THEREIN
"
My Invention consists of Improvements in or connected with the manufacture
of Coke for obtaining products therefrom and in the treatment of products
resulting from the said manufacture and in apparatus to be employed therein the
said Invention being especially adapted for application to the process called the
Jameson process which is described in the Specifications of Patents N°* 1947 and
5076 of One thousand eight hundred and eighty two.
I find that after extraction of Oil from the Coke oven Gas produced in the
Jameson process in the imperfect way in which for Commercial consideration such
large quantities of gas must necessarily be treated that there is a considerable
quantity of oil yet wasted and passing away in the Gas and that much of this oil
is so light as to evade the action of an ordinary scrubber and even of considerable
cooling and my Invention consists, Firstly, of a method whereby at a very small
cost the waste may to a great extent be obviated. I employ a pipe in the
exhausting arrangement diminished at one part so as to present internally a space
corresponding to two truncated cones the small ends of which come together and
near the contraction of the pipe thus formed, I apply a Steam jet, preferably
giving an annular jet like a railway whistle, so that when Steam is applied I
produce in the gas passing through the diminished orifice an extremely high
velocity compared with its velocity in the other part of the pipe and I thus
develope a tendency in the oil to separate from the gas (on any surface presented
to it) in a ratio approximating to the different specific gravities of the oil and gas
the impetus of the particles of oil being greater than the impetus of the particles
of gas. I find that for the condensation of oil in this way, it is not necessary to
effect extreme cooling (I find that by the condensation of the Steam, oil is
condensed with it) and therefore I prefer to apply my Invention after the Gas has
been cooled and scrubbed as in the Jameson process and simply for the purpose of
dealing with Gas as wasted in that process or burned. I am aware that Gas has
been extracted from Coke Ovens by means of a Steam jet but if applied direct to
the Gas issuing from the Oven it has the effect of weakening the ammoniacal
liquor and at the same time of making the Oil soapy but applied in accordance
with my Invention it is free from these defects. I find however that by due
proportioning of the contracted pipe and the steam jet, there is produced a
considerable suction and therefore that when my process is in use in conjunction
with a process like the Jameson process, it is possible entirely to.dispense with any
other exhauster and to produce adequate Suction by the jet alone and therefore to
combine two objects and to cheapen the whole process.
The next part of my Invention consists in separating automatically the oils and
liquor condensed in the process.
I am aware that apparatus of a similar character has been used for other purposes
but my Invention consists in a general simplification applicable especially to the
oils and liquor produced in the Jameson process.
I introduce the oil and liquor into a tank of adequate size or the size of which
As regards its efficacy is increased by its special arrangement for regulating the

page_text: flow of the oil from the period of ingress to the separating period at which latter
part I introduce two pipes, one dipping or connected to the bottom or near the
bottom of the tank and the other connected at the surface of the liquor but both
discharging at the same level. I put cocks or regulating valves or similar
appliances on the deeply dipped pipe or on both pipes and so adjust the flow from
the deeply dipped pipe as that it shall be capable of delivering approximately such
quantity of the more clear liquor as separates by gravitation and no more and then
I effect almost automatically with attention only at lengthened intervals and by a
continuous process the separation of the oils and liquor.
And in order that my said Invention may be fully understood I will now
proceed to describe a System mode or manner in or under which it may be carried
into practical effect, reference being had to the Drawings hereto attached and to the
letters and figures marked thereon.
Figure 1 is a longitudinal Section of a Steam jet and contracted pipe for the
purpose of my Invention arranged according to what I consider the best form.
Figure 2 is a view of the jet and pipe as seen from the "inlet" end and Figure 3
is a view of the same as seen from the "outlet" end.
A represents the pipe of a double conical form as herein before described, a, being
the contracted part for giving velocity to the Gases, B is the annular Steam jet
which is of a conical form and is supplied with Steam from the pipe C, the said
Steam escaping from the jet B by the orifices b, which I prefer to make not
exceeding 1/10th of an Inch in diameter and I prefer to use a pressure of steam of
40 lbs to 50 lbs to the Square Inch.
I apply my Invention after the gas has been cooled and scrubbed as in the
Jameson process and if the Steam jet applied according to my Invention be of an
adequate size and power the exhausting arrangements of the Jameson process may
be dispensed with entirely or if desired a smaller quantity of Steam may
be supplied to the nozzle arranged according to my Invention and the exhausting
arrangements of the Jameson process may be used in addition but I prefer to
apply according to my Invention a steam jet of such size and power as will render
the exhausting arrangements of the Jameson process unnecessary.
In connection with apparatus arranged according to my Invention I prefer to
employ a loosely packed scrubber for giving a further scrubbing after the action
by steam which scrubber while affording a free passage for the stream of gas and
steam will deflect and redeflect it against the packing of the scrubber and thus
afford on this packing a lodgement for the separated particles of oil.
The second part of my Invention is illustrated in transverse section longitudinal
section and plan respectively in Figures 4. 5 and 6 of the accompanying
drawings.
I provide a tank preferably (to save room and cost) with a circuitous passage
therethrough formed by baffling plates D D as shown but I do not confine myself
to this exact form or arrangement as it may be varied with varying circumstances
as may be found most convenient but I shew what I consider to be the best form
or arrangement.
The plates D D are arranged so that fluid run into the tank by the inlet pipe E
must to reach the exit pipes F and G flow from side to side of the tank in the
direction indicated by the arrows in Figure 6. By this means it is kept
approximately at a uniform temperature and at the same time in slow motion and
has to travel a long course before reaching the exits that is to say the length of
time of travel in the separating tank is proportional to the number of partition
plates and at the same time any remixing of the oil and water is avoided by the
slowness of the motion.
At the inlet the water and oil enter the tank together. The exits consist of
two pipes F and G with a regulating valve or cock on each. One pipe F dips
nearly to the bottom of the tank but leaves the tank at a level with the intended
height of liquid in the said tank. The other pipe G opens on the same or nearly
the same level (varying with the specific gravity of the liquids dealt with) as the

page_text: height of the liquid in the tank. By this means by carefully adjusting the
regulating valves or cocks on the two exit pipes F and G they can be made to
deliver such quantities of oil and water respectively as separate by gravitation
and require attention only at lengthened intervals. I do not limit myself to the
precise details hereinbefore described and illustrated as they may be varied without
departing from the nature of my Invention.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and the manner in which the same is or may be used or carried into
practical effect I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to be novel and
original and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the hereinbefore
in part recited Letters Patent is :-
First. In connection with coke ovens worked by the Jameson process the
employment of steam applied to the resulting gases substantially in the manner
hereinbefore described.
Second. The apparatus for giving increased velocity to the gas and for injecting
steam into the said gas substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to
Figures 1. 2 and 3 of the accompanying drawings.
Third. An apparatus for effecting the separation and separate delivery of the
condensed watery and oily products resulting from the manufacture of coke
substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated by Figures 5 and 6 of the
accompanying Drawings
In witness whereof I the said Alexander Bertram Cowan have to this my
Specification set my hand and seal this fourteenth day of May One thousand eight
hundred and eighty four.
A. B. COWAN
(L.S.)