Improvements in and Connected with Spinning and Doubling Machinery.
Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 25th Oct., 1886
Complete Left, 22nd July, 1887.
Complete Accepted, 30th Sept., 1887.
.
Improvements in and Connected with Spinning and Doubling
Machinery.
I, WILLIAM MAIR, of Knowehead, Crieff, Perthshire, Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of my said invention, the same being partly my own invention, and
partly communicated to me from abroad by James Robertson, presently residing at
Samnuggurr, Calcutta, India, Engineer, to be as follows:-
My said invention has reference to improvements in the construction of spinning
machines or mechanism, suitable for spinning jute, flax, tow, hemp, cotton, silk and
other fibres; also applicable for twisting and doubling machines; and specially to
improvements in many of the fittings connected with the spindles and in the mode
and means of driving these, and the machines; which improvements and their com-
binations will enable the spindles and flyers to be more easily driven at high speeds,
and the bobbins to be more easily put on to the spindles and removed in sets or in
whole frames, and, thus save much time and expense in labour, and in the wear
and tear in the working of spinning machines.
The nature and novelty of my invention and improvements are to enable the
present spinning frame spindles, to be driven to a much higher speed; and the
removing of full bobbins of yarn from spindles and replacing them by empty bobbins
through mechanical arrangements instead of this being done as at present by hand
labour: also an easy method of stopping the individual spindles when the yarn breaks on
a spindle, and in improved tension devices for tempering the winding on of the yarn
on the bobbins when spinning, as well as improvements in driving all the main shafts
of the frames by wheel gearing, instead of belting as heretofore.
First as regards the improvements connected with the fittings of and mode of
driving the spindles and their flyers. These are each secured at the top to a short
driving spindle carried in a rail with a bored and turned bush, which may be
eccentric or not, fitted in the front part of a new broad top rail; both the bush and
spindle having a shoulder collar to carry the weight of the spindle and flyer, when the
lower rails carrying the foot-step of the spindles are oscillated under the frame of
the machine, to allow of the insertion and removal of the bobbins in sets to and from the
lower end of the spindles in front. This arrangement admits of making the spindles

page_text: very short, with a simple oil cup foot-step in the rail close up to the bobbin platform.
This foot-step may be made for oil or British Metaline lubrication.
The usual bobbin platform is traversed up and down as in ordinary spinning frames.
In this method it is carried on the vertical slide spindles fixed to the top spindle rail
on the sliding rack brackets on the said spindles, and geared into a spur pinion carried
by the usual heart cam motion shaft with the necessary connecting rods and levers
for same as in present arrangements. A bobbin rail-plate is carried on top of bobbin
board reciprocated by a horizontal shaft, with small pinions on it, and fixed to the
bottom of the bobbin platform, the pinions gearing into racks on the under side of the
bobbin rail-plate. This bobbin rail-plate has slits on the inside for the size of spindles to
admit of its being traversed forward to allow the bobbins to fall through the bobbin
platform to the top of the spindle rail. The yarn connected to the bobbins is then cut
or broken after unwinding as much yarn off the bobbins so as to allow as much length
of yarn to commence the spinning on the new empty bobbins, these loose ends being
passed through small tension knobs on the bobbin frame or bobbin tension lever, to
ensure their being tightly wound on to the empty bobbin. The spindle rail is carried
on brackets or arin levers, these being fixed tight to an oscillating shaft, one end of
the brackets, carry horizontal counter balance weights between them equal to the
weight of the spindle rail which is being carried on trunnions on the ends of the
bracket levers. The spindle rails being heavy to one side oscillate so as always to
keep the vertical position. A small connecting rod is attached to one end of the rail
by a centre stud, on the other, end of the rod it is fixed to the framing of the machine
which serves also as a guide in regulating the vertical rise and fall of the spindle
rail.
In shifting the full bobbins of yarn from the top of the spindle rail the movement is
given by working a lever on the end of the oscillating shaft for rail. The operator in
removing and lowering the full bobbin, puts his hand on a lever secured on the
oscillating shaft of the lever brackets of the footstep rail of the spindles so as to
oscillate the shaft, and lower the rail with the bobbins, which descend on to a travelling
cloth or sloping trough to deliver the full bobbins of yarn at any part of the frame
desired. To replace empty bobbins on the spindles, the operator previously from a
sheet iron holding pan for empty bobbins, carried on lower front rail of machine, has
placed the empty bobbins on studs fixed on a horizontal oscillating parallel bar carried
on the spindles fixed on the front rail of the framing.
The parallel bar being carried on parallel acting levers is drawn on end by the
hand so as to bring the empty bobbins into position in front of the centre of the
spindles. The operator then works the said former lever, (which is guided in a
quadrant fixed on the machine framing, the quadrant being checked for lever for the
working position of the frame when spinning), on the oscillating shaft and brings up
the spindle rail which comes in contact with the bottom part of the bobbin and carries
the bobbin upwards through the bobbin-board on the spinning spindle into such a
position as allows the bobbin rail-plate resting on the top of bobbin board to travel
inwards to the spindle below the bobbin, the bobbin then resting on the bobbin rail-
plate. The operator then allows the spindle rail to be lowered as much as will allow
the bobbin-board to travel the full traverse of the bobbin without interfering with the
spindle rail. On the bobbin rail plate a stud is fixed in mid-space between the spindles ;
a lever working on this stud rests on the outer edge of the bobbin-board on a notched
rail plate.
One side of the lever has a leather strap rather less than the breadth of the lower
flange of the bobbin hooked on to it, which bears against this flange of the bobbin so
as to give the tension friction to it for tempering the bobbin for winding on the yarn.
When spinning the temper of the winding is adjusted by moving the lever in the
notches, to give the requisite strain for spinning and winding the yarn on to the bobbins.
It is well known to Spinners that the strain required on the bobbin is greater when
empty than when the bobbin is getting filled with yarn. By the arrangement of
tempering the attendant can easily adjust a whole frame when spinning by placing his
hand on the hand-wheel on the end of the horizontal shaft below the bobbin-board.

page_text: He moves the bobbin rail-plate a few teeth of the pinion outwards easing the strain of
the leather band on the bobbin and giving the requisite lessening of strain on the
yarn from the increased size of the fuller bobbin.
A great improvement is effected by this arrangement in the shortening of the
spindles and the much lighter construction and make as compared with the present
sizes of spinning spindles. A four inch traverse spinning spindle weighs nearly four
pounds twelve ounces, while by this arrangement a spinning spindle in all weighs no
more than one pound twelve ounces; this is accomplished by driving the spindle from
the top with all the other advantages heretofore mentioned.
A great improvement is also obtained by making the cylinders for driving the
bands of the spindles of an iron tube of such lengths suitable for the frame,
and of a diameter of seven inches or so as in this case which may be said to
be unbreakable when compared with the cylinders in present use, which are all
built of tin sheet iron in short lengths soldered together in suitable lengths for
the frame. It is well known to Mill-owners the great liability of breakages to these
cylinders from this mode of construction and the consequent stoppage of the spinning
frame during repairs. The old method of driving spindles is by means of cotton cord
banding of such widths as are suitable to the size of frame. When an end breaks in
spinning, the Spinner has to hold with one hand the fly of the spindle, while the band
has to run and fire itself over the wharve or driving pulley of spindle, while the
Spinner operates in repairing the yarn. A great improvement is effected in this
arrangement of spinning from the construction of the carrying bush of the spindle
on the top spindle rail. This bush is lubricated from an oil cup receiver being cast
in front within it, which is filled with a worsted or cotton band which takes up the
oil and gives the necessary lubrication to the spindle neck as required when running.
A moveable short lever is attached to the bush of the spindle which passes through a
slit or opening in a light bracket in front of the top spindle rail over a pin carrying
a small bush roller. This lever is so formed as to check itself on this roller and
remains and holds the bush and top of spindle in that position while the spindle is
revolving in spinning. If the yarn should break and require to be repaired the
Spinner eases the lever over the roller, and this slackens back the bush and the top
of the spindle and also the driving leather band on the top of the spindle, so that with
the assistance of the lever the spindle stops and the Spinner can operate and repair
the end with both hands, the spindle being standing, (saving all tendency) of friction
and firing of the leather band) which by the ordinary method has to be done with one
hand. The bush in the top of the spindle rail is so made or fitted with a segmental
guard as to form a fence to prevent the leather band coming off the driving wherve
of the spindle. The short spindle on the top of the spinning spindle with the wherve
on it, is made hollow and the end of the yarn from the drawing rollers and eye board
passes direct down through the slot hollow spindle out through a slanting or funnel
shaped hole or holes in its neck below the bush, and out below and round the spindle
down one limb of the flyer to the bobbin, all otherwise as usual; or when attaching
the broken thread from the bobbin, it is passed round the leg of the flyers and in by
the openings made in the hollow spindle up direct through it and attached to the
thread coming from the oye-board and drawing rollers. The spinner with one hand
pulls the lever and draws the spindle into position and brings the action of the leather
band on to the wherve, so as to drive the spindle for spinning operations.
A great saving can be made by dispensing with the use of belts for driving the
main shafts of spinning frames, and consists in the use of a first motion cross-shaft
carried in bearing brackets on the end of the spinning frame; which may either be
actuated by a pulley or by gearing, from the main or prime motive power shaft in the
spinning flat of the mill. The said first motion cross-shaft of the spinning frame
which gives motion to the main longitudinal shafts wholly by wheel gearing on the
opposite sides of this double spinning frame, for actuating the sets of spindles on each
side, carries two friction expanding clutches near each end, each of which clutches
carry a beveled wheel on the back gearing into beveled pinions on other short
transmitting shafts which through spur gearing and change pinions drive the band

page_text: cylinder direct for driving the spindles and their drawing rollers on opposite sides of
the machine, so that one of these cross-shafts drives a double frame and sets of
spindles. When either of the frames or sets of spindles require to be stopped to shift
the bobbins, its expanding clutch is so acted on by a lever movement as to throw the
clutch wheel out of gear and thus stop the driving gearing and spindles on opposite
sides of the frame independent of each other.
An improved construction of this expanding clutch consists in mounting a large
internally turned plane rim wheel with deep eye bushed, to revolve loose on the end
of the transverse shaft, with the bevel wheel secured on its back arms. And further
in mounting an expanding ring turned on its outer rim and cut in four segments
loose within the said turned rim wheel. Two of the ends of these segments would be
connected by a hinged joint pin, on opposite sides, and by a steel spring plate, which
would allow the other opposite ends of this expanding ring, to be contracted and
expanded by short toggle joint links to a joint pin on opposite sides at right angles
to the hinge joint pins. The joint pins of these toggle links would be attached to
segmental sliding blocks, by pins passing through radial slotted holes on a disc wheel
keyed on the cross-shaft close to the loose friction rim wheel, so as to be drawn
radially out and in for the expansion of the friction ring; and the hinged joint pin
would be similarly secured to the outer rim of this fixed disc wheel, so that the
friction disc ring would be carried round either loose within the rim wheel, or
expanded to grip it and carry this round with it, and so drive the bevel wheel and
gearing behind it. This expanding and contracting or slackening of the internal cut
friction ring is effected by slotted arms on a loose sliding collar boss mounted loose
on the shaft outside the fixed disc, so as to be reciprocated by any convenient lever
arrangement mounted at the end of the machine. These slotted arms pass in through
slots in the disc, and corresponding slotted snugs in the radial sliding blocks of the
toggle links. The slots in these arms are angled and embrace cross pins with anti-
friction rollers or bushes mounted across these snugs, and the slots are so angled that
on their arms and oscillating boss being pushed in they expand the friction ring so
as to grip the internal surface of the outer rim wheel and drive it as before explained;
but on pulling out the sliding boss and angled slotted arms, these draw in the ends
of the friction ring and instantly stop or free the actuating of the loose driving rim
wheel; which may be turned on the outer surface and fitted with a brake strap for
quickly stopping the momentum of the gearing when that is required.
Belting may be intirely dispensed with by so arranging the driving shafts in
spinning flats to have them so placed along the wall at the end of the frames as to
have a spur wheel geared into the cross-shaft on the spinning frame, and drive direct
even from the main shaft without belting.
The improvements of the invention consist as follows :-In driving the spindle
from the top, and having a hollow spindle to pass the yarn through, and having the
power to stop the spindle in repairing yarns. The taking of the full bobbins from
the lower end of the spindle and replacing them with empty bobbins for spinning,
(when shifting takes place) and the arrangements of mechanism for effecting these
operations. Also the improvements of bobbin rail-plate and its moving arrangements,
and the tempering tension arrangements of the bobbins on the bobbin plate and
bobbin board. And also the arrangements of clutches for stopping the frames and
driving all the main shafts of spinning frames by wheel gearing. Other arrange-
ments may be employed of driving the spindles so as to enable the bobbins to be
removed and inserted from their lower ends in the new or improved manner of this
invention, such as by friction driving rollers on top of spindles instead of belts or
bands from longitudinal cylindrical drums as herein described, and having an
eccentric or lever action for taking each spindle out of friction gear.
D
LOL
1
1000

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and Connected with Spinning and Doubling
Machinery.
I, WILLIAM MAIR, of Knowehead, Crieff, Perthshire, Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention, the same being partly my own invention and partly
communicated to me from abroad by James Robertson, presently residing at Sam-
nuggurr, Calcutta, India, Engineer, and in what manner the same is to be performed
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement in
writing, reference being had to the accompanying Six Sheets of Drawings and to the
letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say :-
This Invention has reference to improvements in the construction of spinning
machines or mechanism, suitable for spinning jute, flax, tow, hemp, cotton, silk and
other fibres; also applicable for twisting and doubling machines; and specially to
improvements in many of the fittings connected with the spindles, and in the mode
and means of driving these, and the machines; which improvements and their
combinations will enable the spindles and flyers to be more easily driven at high
speeds, and the bobbins to be more easily put on to the spindles and removed in sets
or in whole frames, and thus save muchtime and expense in labour, and in the wear
and tear in the working of spinning machines.
The nature and novelty of my invention and improvements are to enable the present
spinning frame spindles to be driven at a much higher speed; and the removing of
full bobbins of yarn from spindles and replacing them by empty bobbins through
mechanical arrangements instead of this being done as at present by hand labour:
also an easy inethod of stopping the individual spindles when the yarn breaks on a
spindle, and in improved tension devices for tempering the winding on of the yarn on
the bobbins when spinning, as well as improvements in driving all the main shafts of
the frames by clutches and wheel gearing, instead of belting as heretofore.
Figure 1 on Sheet 1, and Figure 2, on Sheet 2, are respectively a front elevation
and a corresponding end elevation of the driving gear end, both of a jute or flax
spinning machine, of a short length suitable for a double set of eight spindles a, b,
and flyers a¹ along opposite sides of the frame all constructed in accordance with and
embodying and illustrative of the improvements of my said invention, but which
might be made of a length to contain any ordinary larger number of spindles.
Figure 3, on Sheet 3, and Figure 4, on Sheet 4, are plans of the same spinning
machine corresponding to Figure 1, the former showing one of the end driving
friction clutches C, in section on the first motion cross shaft B, while the latter
Figure shows the same friction box C, and part of its cross shaft B, and the gearing
and shafts which it actuates as removed, and the side or end frames A, A, and main
central part of the machine as in horizontal section near the irregular line 2 - -2 in
Figure 2, to show the spindles a, and their driving gear and the bobbins H, and their
fittings more clearly than in Figure 3. Figure 5, on Sheet 3 shows an end section of
one of the friction clutches C, corresponding to the horizontal section of the same

page_text: --
shown in Figure 3. Figure 6 on Sheet 5, shows a half end elevation and a half
vertical section taken near the line 4---4 on Figure 4 from the opposite end of the
machine from that shown in Figure 2; and Figure 7 on Sheet 6 shows a corre-
sponding vertical section to Figure 6 of the front part of the frame showing one
spindle a, b, and fittings connected therewith, and with the bobbins H, for the removal
of full ones and insertion of the new empty ones, but to a large scale to show the
improved detailed construction of these more clearly. Figure 8, sheet 6, is a hori-
zontal section of the top of the spindle b, at the line 1 - 1, in Figure 7, to show one
arrangement of my improved fittings for shifting its top bush bearing c and fittings
so as to set the spindle b, and its pulley 61, into or out of motion with its driving
band 2. Figures A and 8A are a vertical section, and a corresponding horizontal
section respectively of the said top end of the spindle B, showing a slightly different
modification of the improved fittings for putting the pulley b₁ and top end of spindle b,
into or out of gear with its driving band 62 from that shown in Figures 7 and 8.
Figures 9 and 10 are respectively a vertical section and a corresponding sectional
plan to a large scale, corresponding to Figure 7, of the one end of the vertical
reciprocating bobbin frame or platform I, and improved fittings connected therewith,
to show the details more clearly than can be seen in the general views Figures 1 to 6.
Referring to these Drawings generally, the spinning machine consists of two main
end frames A, A, secured together by strong longitudinal beam rails or stays A1, A2, A3,
at the upper and lower parts of the machine on opposite sides, so far much in a usual
manner, and which carry all the main longitudinal driving shafts or spindles in
bearing brackets bolted to these frames A, A1, A2, A³. In long machines intermediate
transverse frames A, would be fitted as usual. But by these improvements the whole
mechanism of each machine and its double set of spindles a, b, and their actuating
gear are all driven from one first motion shaft B, carried in bush bearing brackets B¹
holted to one end frame A of the machine, and driven by a broad band pulley B²
mounted in the centre, and actuated by a belt from pulleys on the usual motive
shafts of the mill for the purpose. The first motion shaft B has mounted loose on it
a friction clutch towards opposite ends, each with a bevel wheel D secured on their
inner face, which through a bevel pinion D¹ on a short transverse spindle D² carried
in bush bearing brackets D³, and a train of spur wheels E, E', E², E", E³, on opposite
sides of one end of the machine give motion to all the longitudinal driving shafts of
the spinning spindles a, b, and of the drawing rollers g¹, g², ranged along the opposite
sides of the frames, and to their other automatic mechanism.
The improvements connected with the fittings of, and mode of driving the spinning
spindles a, b, and their flyers a¹, consist as follows.-Each spinning spindle a and
its flyer a¹ are secured at the top by a screw all to a short driving hollow spindle b
carried by its bearing bush c fitted in a recess c¹ formed in a horizontal flange A" on
the lower part of the top front spindle rail A², (see Figures 6 and 7), both the spindle b
and bush c having shoulder collars to carry the weight of the spindle band flyer a¹;
while the lower rail F carrying the footstep bearings a² of the spindles a are oscillated
under the frame of the machine, to allow of the insertion and removal of the bobbins H
in sets to and from the lower end of the spindles a in front. This arrangement admits
of making the upper driving part of the spindle b very short, with a simple oil cup
foot-step a², a³, in the rail close up to the bobbin platform. This foot-step a² a³
may be made for oil or fitted with British Metaline for lubrication.
The usual bobbin platform I is traversed up and down as in ordinary spinning
frames. In this arrangement the platform I is carried on vertical slide guide
spindles I, I, fixed to the top spindle rail A2 above, and at their lower ends in
brackets J¹, bolted to the end frames A, A, by the deep sliding sleeve brackets I³,
which are bolted to the under side of the rail bobbin platform I, and reciprocated on
the said spindles I, 1, by toothed racks on the slides 12, gearing into spur pinions I'
secured on the usual hart cam motion shaft J carried in bush bearings in the
brackets J', and fitted as usual with the necessary arrangement (not shown in the
Drawings) of rods, and levers, chains or steel bands from the hart motion, all as in
present spinning machines. A portable bobbin rail-plate i is carried on top of bobbin

page_text: on
board or platform I, reciprocated by a light horizontal shaft j with small pinions
it, and carried in fixed bearings on the underside of the bobbin platform I, the
pinions gearing into toothed racks on the under side of the bobbin rail-plate i
the latter being actuated by a hand wheel at one end of the shaft j. This bobbin
rail plate i has slits on the inside for the size of spindles a to admit of its being
traversed forward as stated to allow the bobbins H to fall through holes in the bobbin
platform I on to the top of the footstep spindle rail F. All the yarn or threads
connected to the bobbins H are then cut or broken after unwinding as much off each
bobbin as will allow sufficient length of the yarn to commence the spinning on the
new empty bobbins, the loose ends being passed round small tension knobs at k¹ on
the (bobbin platform I or) bobbin tension lever k, to ensure their being tightly wound
on to the empty bobbins H. The footstep spindle rail F is carried in bush bearings f
in the free ends of the double armed brackets or levers F1, F1, these being keyed or
otherwise tightly fixed to an oscillating shaft F2 carried in the bush bearing brackets J¹,
bolted to the side frames A A. The back arms F³, of the levers F', carry horizontal
counter balance weights F, between them equal to the weight of the spindle rail F
which is carried on journal trunnions f on the ends of the bracket levers F¹, F¹. The
footstep spindle rails F being heavy on the lowest side oscillate so as always to
keep the vertical position. A small connecting rod f¹ is attached to one end of the
rail F by a centre stud and snug at fil, and the other end of the rod flis fixed to a
stud at 2 secured to the framing of the machine or brackets J¹ and which serves
also as a guide in regulating the vertical rise and fall of the footstep spindle rail F.
In shifting the full bobbins H of yarn from the top of the footstep spindle rail F,
the movement is given by working a lever G secured on the end of the oscillating
shaft F2 and worked in a quadrant bracket G¹, bolted to the end frame A opposite
to that of the driving gearing. The operator in removing and lowering the
full bobbins H, puts his hand on this lever G secured on the oscillating shaft F2,
of the lever brackets F1, F1, of the foot-step rail F of the spindles a, a, so as
to oscillate the shaft F2, and lower the rail F with the bobbins H, which descend on
to a travelling cloth or web band L, in the guide trough or frame L', passed over
pulleys L² L³, fitted in bearing brackets L" at the ends of the frames L all below
the bobbin platform I on opposite sides of the machine; each bobbin band L, being
actuated by a driving band pulley 1 keyed on the spindle of one of the bobbin band
pulleys L at the gearing end of the machine, through a cross belt from small
fast and loose pulleys 12 keyed on opposite ends of the first motion shaft B, all
so as to deliver the full bobbins of yarn at the opposite end L³ of the machine
where the band is tightened up by screw wheel gearing at L. To replace empty
bobbins H on the spindles a, the operator previously from a sheet iron holding
pan M for empty bobbins carried on lower front rail A³, of machine, has placed the
empty bobbins on studs at m fixed on a horizontal oscillating parallel bar m² carried
on parallel acting levers m² swivelling on stud spindles m³ secured vertically in the
front rail A³ of the framing. The parallel bar m¹ being carried on the parallel acting
levers m² is pushed or it might be drawn on end by the handle at m¹, so as to bring
the whole of the empty bobbins H, carried on the bar m' from the front of the
spindles into position under the centre of the spindles a as seen in Figure 2. The
operator then works the lever G (which is guided in a quadrant G¹ fixed on the
machine framing A, the quadrant G¹ being checked for lever for the working position
of the frame when spinning), on the oscillating shaft F2 and brings up the spindle
rail F which comes in contact with the bottom part of the bobbins H and carries the
bobbins upwards through the bobbin-board I on to the spinning spindles a into such a
position as allows the bobbin rail-plate i resting on the top of hobbin board I, to
travel inwards to the spindle below the bobbins, the bobbins then resting on the bobbin
rail-plate i. The raising of the spindle step rail and lever frame F¹ as stated by
arms 3 secured in the ends of these, come against the bar m¹ of the empty
bobbins, and push it back, as seen in Figures 4, 6 and 7, ready for being supplied
with new empty bobbins. The operator then allows the footstep spindle rail F
to be lowered as much as will allow the bobbin-board I to travel the full traverse of
'

page_text: the bobbin without interfering with the spindle rail F. On the bobbin rail plate i a
stud K is fixed in mid-space between the spindles a; a lever k working on this stud
rests on the outer edge of the bobbin-board I on a notched rail plate K. One side
of the lever k, has a leather strap k² rather less than the breadth of the lower flange of
the bobbin H, hooked on to it, which bears against this flange of the bobbin so as to
give the tension friction to it for tempering the bobbin for winding on the yarn as
seen particularly in Figures 7, 9, and 10. When spinning, the temper, or tension of
the winding of the yarn on each bobbin H, is adjusted by moving the lower sharp
edge of the outer end of the lever k in the notches, to give the requisite friction on the
bobbins by the band k², and tension on the yarn for spinning and winding it on to the
bobbins. It is well known to Spinners that the strain or friction required on
the bobbin is less when empty than when the bobbin is getting filled with yarn.
A great improvement is effected by this arrangement in the shortening of the driving
part 6 of the spindles a, b, and the much lighter construction and make as compared
with the present sizes of spinning spindles. A four inch traverse spinning spindle
weighs nearly four pound twelve ounces, while by this arrangement a spinning spindle
in all weighs no more than one pound twelve ounces; this is accomplished by driving
the spindle a, b, by the light rim pulley b¹ on the hollow top part b, with all the other
advantages herein stated.
A further improvement is also obtained by making the hollow cylinders
e for
driving the bands 62, of the pulleys 61 of the spindles a, b, of an iron or steel tube e,
of such lengths as arc suitable for mounting on the shafts el between the frames A, A,
and of a diameter of seven inches or so as in this case, which may be said to be
unbreakable when compared with the cylinders in present use, which are all built of
tinned sheet iron in short lengths soldered together in suitable lengths for the frame.
The shafts e of these cylinders e are mounted in bush bearing brackets e2 bolted to the
inner parts of the frames A, nearly on a level with the pulleys 61, of the whole sets of
spindles a, b, which they actuate, each by a band 62, and each cylinder e is driven
through the spur wheels E, E', from the bevel gearing D, D¹, of the first motion
shaft B. It is well known to Mill-Owners the great liability of breakages to these
band driving cylinders e from this ordinary mode of construction and the consequent
stoppage of the spinning frame during repairs. The old method of driving spindles
is by means of cotton cord banding of such widths as are suitable to the size of frame.
When an end breaks in spinning, the Spinner has to hold with one hand the fly a¹ of
the spindle, while the band has to run and fire itself over the wherve or driving
pulley 6 of spindle b, while the Spinner operates in repairing the yarn.
A great improvement is effected in this arrangement of spinning from the
construction of the carrying bush c of the spindle a, b, in the top spindle rail A", A².
This bush c is lubricated from an oil cup receiver c² formed within it, which is filled
with a worsted or cotton band which takes up the oil and gives the necessary
lubrication to the journal of the spindle neck b, and its carrying collar, as required
when running, or the lubrication may be effected by means of a bush fitted with
British metalline. A movable short lever d d is fulcrumed at its inner end to the
bush c of the spindle a, b, and passes through a slit or opening in a light bracket in
front of the top spindle rail all over a stud or pin d² carrying a small bush roller.
The lever part d is curved so as to check or hold itself on this pin or roller d², by the
weighted end d¹ of the lever d, and retain or hold the bush c and top of spindle 6 in
its outward position with its driving band 62, tight, while the spindle is revolving in
spinning while the throwing up of the heavy end of the lever d' allows the bush c
to recede inwards in its guide recess c¹, and so slacken the band 62 and prevent the
spindle a, b, and flyer a from turning, and so enable the attendant to quickly splice
broken end and set it on the spindle again. In the modification shown in
Figures 7 A and 8 A, the weighted lever d, d², is preferred to be made duplex in two
parts, the part d with the curve taking over the stud roller d² being jointed at d³ to
the weighted part of the lever d¹, which is fulcrumed on the centre of the fixed
stud d², so as when tilted in the outward position to retain the curved part d more
securely on the stud d², as shown in sharp lines, and when turned as shown in dotted
a

page_text: lines, to maintain the bush in its inward position also. If the yarn should break and
require to be repaired the Spinner cases the lever part d, over the roller stud d²,
and this slackens back the bush c and top of the spindle band also the driving leather
band 2 on the top of the spindle, so that with the assistance of the lever d, d' and a
re-acting spring, the spindle is stopped and the Spinner can operate and repair the
end with both hands, the spindle and flyer a, b, and a¹, being standing, (saving all
tendency of friction and firing of the leather band) which by the ordinary method has
to be held with one hand. The bush c in the top of the spindle rail a" is so made or
fitted with a segmental guard c³, as to form a fence to prevent the leather band 12
coming off the driving wherve 6 of the spindle b. The short spindle b, secured on the
top of the spinning spindle a, a', with the wherve ¹ on it, is made hollow, and the
end of the yarn from the drawing rollers g¹ g² and eye board passes direct down
through the hollow spindle out through a slanting or funnel shaped hole or holes
at in its neck below the bush c, and out below and round the spindle down one
limb of the flyer a¹ to the bobbin H, all otherwise as usual; or when attaching the
broken thread from the bobbin, it is passed round the leg of the flyers a¹ and in by
the openings 6 made in the hollow spindle up direct through it, and attached to the
thread coming through the eye-board or plate h secured on the top of the spindle
rail A2, from the ordinary drawing rollers, g¹, g². Each driving set of drawing
rollers gl, are mounted on their longitudinal shaft g, mounted in bush bearings in
the brackets or bends g³, bolted to the upper longitudinal rails A' A² of the frame and
are actuated at a slow speed by the large wheel E³, driven by the reducing wheel
gearing E2, E, from the first motion spur wheel E of the bevel gearing D. D', of
each friction clutch box C. The spinner with one hand pulls the lever d d' and draws
the top of the spindle into its outer position and brings the action of the leather
band on to the wherve b¹, so as to drive the spindle a, b, for spinning operations.
A great saving can be made by dispensing with the use of belts for driving
the main shafts of spinning frames and consists in the use of a first motion
cross shaft B carried in bearing brackets B₁ on one of the spinning frames A;
which may either be actuated by a pulley or by gearing, from the main or prime
motive power shaft in the spinning flat of the mill., The said first motion cross
shaft B of the spinning frame A which gives motion to the main longitudinal
shafts wholly by wheel gearing on the opposite sides of this double spinning frame A,
for actuating the sets of spindles a, b, on each side, carries two friction expanding
clutches C near each end, each of which clutches C carry a beveled wheel D) on the
back, gearing into a bevel pinion D¹ on a short transmitting shaft D' which through
spur gearing and change pinions E, E¹, E², E", E³, drives the band cylinder e direct
for driving the spindles a, b, and their drawing rollers g', g², on opposite sides of the
machine, so that one cross-shaft B drives a double frame and sets of spindles. When
either of the frames or sets of spindles a, b, require to be stopped to shift the
bobbins Hits expanding friction clutch C is so acted on by a lever movement as
to throw the clutch wheel C out of gear and thus stop the driving gearing and
spindles on opposite sides of the frame independent of each other.
Referring to Figures 4 and 5.-an improved construction of this expanding clutch
consists in mounting a large internally turned plane rim wheel C with deep eye C¹
bushed, to revolve loose on the end of the transverse shaft B, with the bevel wheel D
secured on its back arms. And further in mounting an expanding ring C², turned
on its outer rim, and cut in four segments loose within the said hollow turned
rim wheel C. Two of the ends of these segments would be cut and connected
by a steel spring plate at (³, and at the other loose wide ends by joint pins at n and
short toggle. joint links n', and a strong pin at n², on opposite sides to segmental
sliding blocks N secured by slotted holes to a plate or disc N² secured to the
shaft B, the eye of which retains the friction clutch rim C in position. The
joint pins n² of these toggle links n¹ are attached to the segmental sliding blocks N,
by their strong pins n passing through radial slotted holes in the plate or disc Ni
secured on the cross-shaft B close to the loose friction rim wheel, so that the blocks N
can be drawn radially out and in for the expansion of the friction ring C², by a second

page_text: set of angled
or toggle links o, jointed to the segmental blocks N, and to snugs and
arms at o, passed through slots in the disc arms N¹, and formed on the loose actuating
sliding collar boss O mounted loose on the shaft B, by a feather and key, outside the
fixed disc N¹, so as to be reciprocated by any convenient lever arrangement mounted
at the end of the machine. All so that the friction disc ring C2 would be carried round
either loose within the rim wheel C, or expanded to grip it and carry this round with
it, and so drive the bevel wheel and gearing D D¹ behind it. But on pulling out the
sliding boss O and arms o¹ these would draw in the sliding blocks N and the ends
of the internal friction ring C² and instantly stop or free the actuating of the
loose driving rim wheel C; which may be turned on the outer surface and fitted with
a brake strap for quickly stopping the momentum of the gearing when that is required.
The sliding shifting boss O of each clutch C is actuated by a brass strap or ring fitted
with actuating lateral studs at 01, which are embraced by the upper forked end P of
the lever P, P¹, fulcrumed at P2 to a stud bracket projecting from the bearing
bracket B¹, and the lower end P₁ of the lever is jointed by a horizontal rod
to a short lever p¹ on the near end of the longitudinal spindle Q carried in bearing
brackets p² bolted to the end frames A, this shaft Q being actuated at the opposite end
of the machine by the vertical ball weighted hand lever Q¹ keyed on it, the weight 7 on
the lever maintaining it in either position to which it is set to shift the boss O and put
the clutch Cinto or out of motion with the shaft B.
This arrangement of the cross shaft B and bevel and spur gearing dispenses
with all belts in the machine except the bands 62 for driving the spindles a, b, but all
belting may be entirely dispensed with for even driving these machines, dispensing
with the pulley B², and by arranging the driving shafts B, in spinning flats to have
them so placed along the wall at the end of the frames as to have a spur wheel
geared into the cross-shaft B on the spinning frame, and drive direct even from
the main shafting of the Mill without belting. Other arrangements may be employed
of driving the spindles a, b, so as to enable the bobbins H, to be removed and
inserted from their lower ends in the new or improved manner of this invention, such
as by friction driving rollers on the top of spindles instead of belts or bands from
longitudinal cylindrical drums as herein described, and having an eccentric or lever
action for taking each spindle out of friction gear.
The advantages and improvements of the invention are mainly as follows:-In
driving the spindles a, b, from the top, and having the short hollow spindle b to pass the
yarn through, and having the power to stop the spindles a, b, in repairing yarns. The
removing of the full bobbins H, in sets from the lower end of the spindle a, b,
and replacing them with empty bobbins for spinning, (when shifting takes place) and
the arrangements of mechanism for effecting these operations which will save much
time and labour in spinning machines. Also the improvements of bobbin rail-plate i,
and its moving arrangements, and the tempering tension arrangements K, K¹, k, k²,
of the bobbins on the bobbin plate i and bobbin board I. And also the arrangements
of friction clutches C for stopping the frames, and driving all the main shafts
of spinning frames by wheel gearing.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is :-
First. The construction, or general arrangement and combination of the parts of
spinning and doubling machinery, all substantially as, and for the advantages herein
described, reference to and shown, in the accompanying Drawings.
Second. In spinning and doubling machinery the forming of the spindles
with short hollow upper ends above the flyers to pass the yarn through, and the
driving or actuating of them by wherves or pulleys at their top ends, all substantially
as, and for the purposes and advantages herein described, in reference to and shown
in the accompanying Drawings.
Third. In spinning and doubling machinery, the herein described devices, or
arrangements of mechanism, for shifting their upper bearings and stopping the

page_text: individual spindles when the yarn breaks on a spindle, all substantially as, and for the
advantages herein described, in reference to and shown in the accompanying
Drawings..
Fourth. In spinning and doubling machinery, the constructing of long solid
malleable iron or steel hollow cylinders for driving the spindles by straps, all
substantially as and for the advantages herein described, in reference to and shown in
the accompanying Drawings.
Fifth. In spinning and doubling machinery, the mode and means of, and
arrangements of mechanism for, removing the full bobbins of yarn in sets from the
lower end of the spindles, and the replacing of them with empty bobbins, all
substantially as and for the advantages herein described, in reference to and shown in
the accompanying Drawings.
Sixth. In spinning and doubling machinery, the fitting of a portable bobbin rail
plate on the bobbin platform actuated in the manner, and by the means herein
described, for allowing the full bobbins to pass down through the latter, all
substantially as herein described, in reference to and shown in the accompanying
Drawings.
Seventh. In spinning and doubling machinery, the tension devices or arrangement
of mechanism herein described for tempering the winding on of the yarn on the
bobbins, ali substantially as and for the advantages herein described, in reference to
and shown in the accompanying Drawings.
Eighth. In spinning and doubling machinery, the construction of friction clutches
for simultaneously driving and stopping all the shafts connected with each set
of spindles, all substantially as and for the advantages herein described, in reference
to and shown in the accompanying Drawings.
Ninth. In spinning and doubling machinery, the constructing of a first motion
cross shaft and wheel gearing for transmitting motion to all the main longitudinal
shafts, all substantially as and for the purposes and advantages herein described, in
reference to and shown in the accompanying Drawings.