IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CANDLES, AND IN THE MEANS OF CONSUMING TALLOW AND OTHER SUBSTANCES FOR THE PURPOSE OF LIGHT
Year: 1840

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FRANCIS
MOLINEUX, of Walbrook Buildings, in the City of London, Gentleman, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at West-
minster, the Twenty-third day of April, in the third year of Her reign, did,
for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said Francis
Molineux, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I,
the said Francis Molineux, my exors, adññors, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said Francis Molineux, my exors, adiñors, or assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the term
of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my In-
vention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CANDLES, AND IN THE MEANS
OF CONSUMING TALLOW AND OTHER SUBSTANCES FOR THE PURPOSE OF LIGHT;" in.
which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso, that I, the said Francis
Molineux, shall cause a particular description of the nature of my said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in Her
said Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in
and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large
appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Francis Molineux, do hereby declare the nature of my Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described and ascer

page_text: tained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the
Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon
(that is to say):
My Invention relates first to a mode of forming candles and applying wicks
thereto; and, secondly, my Invention relates to a mode of constructing the
nozels of carriage lamps in order to supply currents of air from the outer
atmosphere to the interior of the nozels of such lamps, by which tallow and
other candles will be more advantageously consumed.
And in order to give the best information in my power I will proceed to
describe the Drawings hereunto annexed, in which the same letters are used
to indicate similar parts wherever they occur.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 represents the section of a table lamp suitable for consuming
candles made of tallow or other suitable substance according to my Invention.
In making candles as at present practised it is usual to apply wicks
throughout their length. Now, according to my Invention the candles are
made of cylindrical or other figure, without any wicks, and the same are
progressively raised up to stationary wicks held by suitable apparatus above.
a, a, represents the pillar and pedestal of a table lamp containing an interior
tube b, which I prefer to be cylindrical, for receiving the blocks or cylinders of
tallow or other suitable substance, and these parts are similar to those used for
containing ordinary candles with wicks within them; c is the spring which
raises the candles to the nozels; d, d, are two blocks or cylinders of tallow or
other suitable substances, constituting, with the wicks hereafter explained,
candles to be consumed, such blocks or cylinders being cast or formed in
suitable moulds or otherwise, in such lengths and diameters as will be suitable
for the particular lamps in which they are to be consumed; and I prefer they
should be in short lengths, that when any quantity has been consumed, at one
time of using, fresh quantities may be put in, so that the lamp may be at all
times fully supplied, in place of stopping to supply the lamp till the whole is
consumed, which is necessary when candles having wicks therein are used, for
it will be evident that such blocks or cylinders of tallow, wax, or other
material, not having wicks, and being dependent on stationary wicks for
completing the candle when there is space for a short length of cylinder being
inserted before lighting, it may be done either above or below that which is
already in the lamp. e is the nozel of the lamp, which has slits or openings
through it at the lower part for the passage of air to the interior of the nozel;
f is a frame or brackets for carrying the chimney, and it has also projecting

page_text: hooks g, on to which the stationary wicks are placed, the upright stems of such
hooks, which receive the wicks, being barbed or roughed to retain the wick
more securely, and there are to be as many hooks 9 or other convenient
holders for wicks as there are to be wicks used; and I prefer that the frame
f should be capable of rising and falling in respect to the cup of the tallow or
other substance, so that the lower ends of the wicks may be inserted more or
less deep into the tallow; and it will be seen that the ring which carries the
brackets or frames f as capable of rising or falling, by moving it round on the
nozel of the lamp, there being screws formed for that purpose, as is shewn.
Figure 2 shews a plan and side view of one of the blocks or cylinders d for
the lamp, Figure 1.
*
Figure 3 shews the section of the upper part of another candle lamp of a
smaller kind, which has not an inner tube for the candle, but the candle or
blocks or cylinders of tallow or other substance are received into the stem or
pillar of the lamp itself; Figure 4 shewing a section of the frame f separately.
Figure 5 shews the means of making the description of wicks which
I consider most suitable for carrying out my Invention, but I do not
confine myself thereto, A being a portion of muslin, which I wrap round the
mandril B, and thus, by the aid of gum or other adhesive matter, form a tube,
as shewn at C. Into this tube I draw in, by means of a needle or other con-
venient means, cotton or other suitable fibre, and thus fill the tube; I then dip
this tube into melted tallow or other suitable substance, and when cold,
I divide it into lengths such as are shewn at E, which is a proper length for
single wick; I then prefer to draw in or otherwise insert a few short yarns
or threads of cotton at the lower end of the wick, as shewn at F, when the
wick is complete and ready to be applied on the upright stems of the hooks g,
as is shewn at Figure 1, and I have found by such means I am enabled to
make candles and consumie tallow or other suitable substance with great
advantage, such wicks lasting for six to eight hours, requiring no snuffing.
a
.
9
Figure 6 shews a section of the nozel of a carriage lamp, and Figure 7, a
plan thereof, either for consuming candles according to the first part of my
Invention or for consuming ordinary candles, in which latter case the hooks
would be removed. This part of my Invention relates to a mode of obtaining
or applying air ways from the external atmosphere into the interior of the
nozel h, h, being a series of tubes which carry the nozel of the lamp; the
lower ends of these tubes are open to the outer atmosphere, there being
openings i, i, at the upper part of the tubes h, by which means there will be
a constant flow of cool air under the nozel, which will be found very
advantageous.

page_text: Having thus described the nature of my Invention, I would have it under-
stood that I lay no claim to any of the parts separately, which may be well
known and in use, and some of the parts may be varied without departing
from my Invention; but what I claim is,-
First, the mode of making candles and consuming tallow and other sub-
stances, as described in respect to Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5.
And, secondly, I claim the mode of introducing streams or currents of air
into the nozels of carriage lamps, as above described in respect to Figures 6
and 7.
In witness whereof, I, the said Francis Molineux, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-third day of October, One thousand eight