matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BLOWING APPARATUS
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Cornforth and John Cornforth, the
younger, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturers,
and Fredrick Ratcliff and William Henry Ratcliff, of the same
Place, Engineers, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM
BLOWING APPARATUS."
Sealed the 5th May 1876, and dated the 12th November 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Cornforth,
John Cornforth, Fredrick Ratcliff, and William Henry Ratcliff at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 12th November 1875.
Б
We, THOMAS CORNFORTH and JOHN CORNFORTH, the younger, of
Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturers, and FREDRICK
RATCLIFF and WILLIAM HENRY RATCLIFF, of the same Place, Engineers,

page_text: do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN STEAM BLOWING APPARATUS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention refers to apparatus for the purpose of obtaining a
strong blast in furnaces and other fires by the action of steam and
atmospheric air, and it consists in employing a series of tubes of smaller
diameter converging into one larger tube or blast pipe. These tubes are
open at one end, and by preference are placed vertically. Into the open
end of each tube is placed the nozzle of a steam pipe, so that the steam
draws in with it air through the open ends of the tubes. The relative
diameters of the tubes should be about in the proportion of three and
five, and the smaller ones should be led into the larger one somewhat
below the upper or open end. In practice we find three tubes sufficient,
one large and two smaller, but more may be used if found advisable.
A NEW OR IMPROVED INHALER FOR INVALIDS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Ellis at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd March
1875.
I, JOHN ELLIS, of the City Road, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED
INHALER FOR INVALIDS," to be as follows:-
The Invention is designed for the purpose of providing invalids with
a portable inhaler which can be used with the greatest ease and prove of
the utmost advantage when employed for easing the respiratory organs
as for bronchial or chest complaints.
The improvements consist in constructing a conical chamber in such
a manner that it will form two parts, that is, from its apex to about one-
third of its length to the base will form an upper removeable cap or
cover for the bottom portion, upon which such cap fits; the apex of this
conical cover is provided with a nozzle or outlet. At a point below the
junction where the cap fits into the lower body of the conical vessel an
internal inlet or induction pipe is placed which admits air into the
vessel.

page_text: When it is desired to use the vessel as an inhaler the cap is removed
and the hot liquor, the vapour of which is to be inhaled is filled in up to
a level a little below the inlet induction pipe, at which time the conical
cap or cover is placed on, and the mouth or nostrils applied to the outlet
pipe from which the vapour is readily drawn for inhalation by reason of
the air entering the liquor a little below its surface through the medium
of the induction pipe before-mentioned.
The heat of the liquid in the vessel may be retained by the application
of a spirit lamp or other equivalent heater.
A NEW OR IMPROVED CASTOR APPLICABLE TO TABLES, CHAIRS, BEDS, AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1875

page_text: LTETERS PATENT to Edward Beauchamp' Singleton Mercer, of No. 1,
Chesnut Cottages, Abbey Road, Torquay, South Devon, Gentle-
man, for the Invention of "A NEW OR IMPROVED CASTOR APPLICABLE
TO TABLES, CHAIRS, BEDS, AND OTHER ARTICLES.”
Sealed the 9th July 1875, and dated the 8th May 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Beauchamp
Singleton Mercer at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with his Petition, on the 8th May 1875..
I, EDWARD BEAUCHAMP SINGLETON MERCER, of No. 1, Chesnut
Cottages, Abbey Road, Torquay, South Devon, Gentleman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED
CASTOR APPLICABLE TO TABLES, CHAIRS, BEDS, AND OTHER ARTICLES,” to be as
follows:-
:-
This Invention of a new castor for tables, chairs, beds, and other
articles, consists of a ball placed in a socket, which socket will be so
constructed as that the ball will revolve or roll easily when required.

page_text: The socket is constructed inside in the shape of a circle, with either
a flat bottom or else with a small point projecting, so that the ball in
revolving only touches at the least possible point of the socket. The
socket unscrews at the diameter in order to place the ball inside a cup
is screwed on at the diameter for the purpose of preventing the ball 5
from falling out of the socket. The castor will then be screwed on to
the article requiring the same in the usual manner.
AN IMPROVED STAND FOR EXHIBITING PHOTOGRAPHIC PICTURES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Bishop at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd February 1875.-A communication from abroad by Johann
Frederich Knip, of Offenbach, Germany.
I, GEORGE BISHOP, of the Firm of Marion and Company, of Soho
Square, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED STAND FOR EXHIBITING PHOTOGRAPHIC
PICTURES," to be as follows:-
:-
My Invention relates to an improved stand with holder and frames for
exhibiting carte de visite and other photographic pictures.
The holder is composed of metal mounted to revolve on a vertical
pivot fixed on a suitable pedestal or stand. The holder consists of a top
and bottom plate or disc, between which are pivoted a number of frames,
leaves, or clips, disposed radially around the central pivot in which the
pictures to be viewed are placed. These frames may either be of metal
or other substance, or they may be leaves of cardboard similar to the
leaves of a photographic album, in which case they would be fixed in a
metal clip pivoted at top and bottom in the revolving holder. In their

page_text: normal position these frames or leaves radiate from the central pivot on
which the holder revolves, and they are thus held by notches or
undulations in one of the discs or plates of the revolving holder, into
which they are pressed by springs on their opposite pivots. These
spring and notches serve to hold the frames in the radial or in any other
position in which they may be set (whilst the entire holder is revolved,
for instance), and yet admit of any two adjacent frames or leaves being
separated or opened out like the leaves of an album or book to view the
pictures clearly.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MAKING BORE HOLES FOR WELLS OR FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Alleyne Bosworth at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 6th October 1875.
I, JOHN ALLEYNE BOSWORTH, of Humberstone, Leicester, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR MAKING BORE HOLES FOR WELLS OR FOR OTHER PURPOSES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for
making bore holes for wells or for other purposes, and is applicable to
the system of boring in which the work is performed by the rotation of
the drill or cutting tool. I employ square boring rods either for the
whole depth or for the upper length, and I give motion to them in the
following manner:-At the top of the bore hole a strong cast-iron frame
is fixed. The frame carries on a level with the surface of the ground
a massive cast-iron plate, and at a short distance below this plate is a
second and lighter plate. Each plate has a circular hole in it, concentric
with the bore hole but of larger diameter. Into these holes a cylinder
is fitted so as to be able to rotate; it has a flange which rests on the

page_text: upper plate and by which it hangs. On the exterior of the cylinder
between the two plates a worm wheel is mounted; it is not keyed but
secured by groove and feather, so that it may not be subject to shocks
arising from the accidental dropping of the boring rods. The worm
wheel is driven by a worm on an axis, the bearings of which are carried!
by the lower plate and which is driven by a belt pulley and belt. In
the top of the cylinder is a socket which receives a cover fitted so that
it must rotate with the cylinder, and there is a socket and hole in the
centre of the cover of a size to allow the screw couplings of the rod to
pass, but for the insertion and withdrawal of the drill the cover itself
is removed. Into the socket and hole in the cover again the rod holders
are received, they consist of two pieces fitted so that they are compelled
to turn with the cylinder and cover. The boring rods are able to slide
freely through the holders, but they are rotated by them, the holders
embracing the square rod; each holder has a V notch in it, which fitting
to the corresponding notch in the other holder forms a square passage
corresponding accurately to the section of the rod. The rods whilst at
work are partially suspended from a wire rope, so that the weight upon
the drill is under control, and the same rope is used in raising and
lowering the rods.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hugh Beaver Roberts at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th March 1875.
I, HUGH BEAVER ROBERTS, of Leamington, in the County of Warwick,
Esquire, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for “IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
-
Whereas in the ordinary construction of the permanent way it has
been found that the line at the junctions of two lengths of rail is
defective in strength or power of resistance to deflection, now my
Invention has for its object the formation of the ends of the two lengths
of rail that are brought together (and united by fish plates) in such a
manner as to secure the transmission of the wave of deflection unbroken
over the junction, and thereby avoid the concussive action of the rolling
stock on the rails at the junctions, to which lines of rails as ordinarily
constructed are subjected. For this purpose cach length of rail is
formed in such a manner as to break joint with the next length. This
is effected by forming the ends of the respective lengths of rail in such
a manner that the upper half of the end of one length is caused to rest

page_text: on the lower half of the end of the next length, a portion of the rail at
one end of each length being removed at the upper part, and a
corresponding portion at the lower part of the same length. By this
arrangement the several lengths of rail when put together will break
joint vertically, so as to prevent the end of one length of rail being
deflected more than that of the next length, and thereby prevent
interuption to the transmission of the wave of deflection unbroken over
the junction. The lateral stiffness of the line is secured by the fish
plates in the ordinary manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FLUID METERS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Jensen at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
December 1875.-A communication from abroad by Gustav Lang,
of Stuttgart, in the Kingdom of Würtemberg.
I, PETER JENSEN, of Chancery Lane, London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
FLUID METERS," (a communication to me from abroad by Gustav Lang,
of Stuttgart, in the Kingdom of Würtemberg,) to be as follows:-
The fluid meter constructed according to this Invention consists of a
circular flat box, a cover, an inner revolving drum with three hinged
flap valves, and a closing piece more or less sector shaped and forming
an inner projecting part of the box. The aperture for the inflowing
water or other fluid is at one side, and the drum revolves in the same
direction as the inflowing water. The exit aperture is on the same side
as the inlet opening, but below it. The inside bottom of the box has a
central steel disc formed with teeth for a small part of its circumferencę ;
from the furthest point of this toothed part the circumference is
continued for rather more than a quarter of the circle with a radius

page_text: equal to the outside radius of the teeth, and the remaining part of the
circumference is struck with the radius of the bottom of the teeth. The
three valves have each a toothed sector of 90 degrees, the pitch line of
which is equal in length to the toothed part of the steel disc, so that
when gearing with it each flap valve makes exactly a quarter of a turn.
Supposing the first flap is against the side of the box where it comes in
contact with the closing piece, whereby it is bent in towards the middle,
the next flap in advance then gets into gear with the toothed part of the
steel disc, whereby this flap is turned a quarter of a revolution, its
extreme outer point touching the inner circumference of the box; the
flap in advance of the last-named flap next in its travel comes in contact
with the closing piece which bends it from its unfolded to its folded
position, and so on. The flap joints must be well made, and the parts
forming joints with each other must be scraped or ground perfectly true
together. There is a central set screw in the bottom and cover of the
box for setting the revolving drum exactly.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR GATHERING AND PITCHING HAY AND CORN
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Wakefield at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
18th October 1875.
I, WILLIAM WAKEFIELD, of Great Chesterford, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR
GATHERING AND PITCHING HAY AND CORN," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in machines for
gathering and pitching hay and corn. To carry out my Invention I
proceed as follows:-
I make a wooden frame, such wooden frame moving on an axle bar
and wheels. To one side of such wooden frame is attached by screws
or otherwise a movable fork provided with twelve or more prongs; such
movable fork works up and down on an hinge and can be fixed by means
of a bolt or stud at any desired level; on the same side of such wooden
frame and parallel with the fork is attached an ordinary shaft wherein
to place a horse to draw the machine; the hinder part of the machine
is made in the shape of a cart, and is provided with a wooden flooring.

page_text: In the fore part of the wooden frame is a second or internal frame
furnished towards its rear with a cross beam; from such beam and
running lengthwise across such internal frame is a spindle, one end of
which is provided with a cog wheel, such cog wheel gearing into the
box of the axle wheel, and the other end of the spindle is furnished
with a bevilled wheel. Outside such beam is another spindle placed
crosswise and provided about the centre thereof with a bevilled wheel
gearing into the last mentioned bevilled wheel; on the end nearest the
shaft is a cog wheel gearing into another cog wheel which is placed
outside the frame of an ordinary elevator; such elevator works on hinges
and is raised or lowered by means of a chain attached to the rear of the
framework.
As the machine is drawn forward by the horse the hay or corn is
picked up by the movable fork which is fixed at any desired level, as
before mentioned, from whence it falls on to the floor of the hinder part
of the machine, when a boy with a fork rakes the hay or corn forward
towards the prongs of the elevator by which it is taken up in the
ordinary manner and discharged over the top into the waggon intended
for its reception and which travels alongside the machine. By this
means a great economy of labour and time is effected, whilst the
simplicity of construction of the machine combined by its lightness
render it both inexpensive and effective.
AN IMPROVED FARRING FASTENER AND PROTECTOR
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Caldicott at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
October 1875.
I, EDWIN CALDICOTT, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Engraver, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED FARRING FASTENER AND PROTECTOR," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to prevent earrings being detached
from the human ear except with the design of the wearer. I take a flat
or round of suitable material and form a cross bar with an eye at one
end and a catch or slot at the other, which said cross bar I connect with
the loop of an earring known in the trade as ear wire, such connection
extending the width of the ear wire, being either stationary or transferrable,
that is to say, one end of the cross bar may be united with the ear wire by
means of a joint upon or an eye in the latter, or vicé or versá the cross
bar with an eye at one end and a catch at the other may be slid upon
and around the ear wire; in both cases the point of the ear wire is passed

page_text: through the perforation in the ear, and the cross bar is then extended
the width of the ear wire; the separate parts are then united. According
to this plan or arrangement there is space for a portion of the ear
between the cross bar and upper bar of the ear wire, which precludes
accidental removal of the earring.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DATE AND MONTH INDICATORS, CHIEFLY FOR ATTACHMENT TO CLOCKS AND Other Timekeepers
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Southwood at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
Junė 1875.
I, WILLIAM SOUTHWOOD, of South Crescent, in the County of Middle-
sex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DATE AND MONTH INDICATORS, CHIEFLY FOR ATTACHMENT
TO CLOCKS AND Other Timekeepers," to be as follows:-
:-
This Invention relates to improvements in date and month indicators
chiefly for attachment to clocks and other timekeepers, and consists of
two shields or covers for the reception of a notched and slotted ring, and
a toothed ring capable of rotation under the action of a key or other
appliance. The notched ring has upon the solid portions the days of
the week written, impressed, or otherwise applied upon one face, and
the toothed ring has the figures of the month in numerical order
written, impressed, or otherwise applied on the face of a rim, the figures
appearing through the slots of the notched ring when the two are
arranged between the covers or shields before referred to.
The front shield or cover has a curved slot in it for the reception of a

page_text: a given distance when the key or its equivalent slides down a kink in
the slot, and takes into a space between two teeth of the toothed ring
and draws it, and the notched ring a little farther to expose the day of
the week and the day of the month through an aperture in the face of
the front cover. I arrange a spring and detent on the back cover or
shield for retaining the rings in their respective positions, a portion of
the face of the detent is of curved form for the key or other appliance
to slide over and push back to permit of the rings having the necessary
movement. The spring can however be released for the proper changes
of the toothed ring from 28 day, and 30 day months to the 1st of the
following month when desired.
The front cover has a receptacle for a name plate for indicating the
month and the year, and the bottoms of both front and back covers are
spread out or have feet fitted to enable the apparatus to stand upright or
in a slanting position. The central part of the covers are hollow in
most cases, and one of them has a ring on the inner edge to fit over
the barrel, or the bezel ring of a clock or watch case. The feet can be
dispensed with if desired.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING ENGINES FOR FLAX, TOW, HEMP, JUTE, AND OTHER FIBRES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Richardson Turtle Mul-
holland and William Mulholland Porter at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 22nd February
1875.
We, JOSEPH RICHARDSON TURTLE MULHOLLAND and WILLIAM MUL-
HOLLAND PORTER, of Belfast, in the County of Antrim, Ireland, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CARDING ENGINES FOR FLAX, TOW, HEMP, JUTE, AND OTHER FIBRES," to be as
follows:
-
This Invention relates to the adaptation to carding engines of a novel
arrangement of "flats" or bars filled or covered on one side with pins,
and which move in the same direction as the cylinder whilst in contact
therewith, but at a slower speed. These flats or pin bars are carried
upon endless sheets or chains, and are maintained in their position with
respect to the cylinder by rollers and suitable guides. The travelling flats
are intended to supplant the ordinary rotating circular "workers" or
the "stationary flats," and to present a large surface of contact with the
cylinder instead of the small surface of the ordinary circular worker.
They have also the advantage over the ordinary fixed "flats" of being

page_text: regularly stripped or cleared like the rotary worker, either by the
cylinder itself, or by an ordinary stripping roller. There may be one
or more of these sheets of flats applied to the carding engine, their
number and extent being determined according to the nature of the
fibro to be operated upon.
The surface of the cylinder can be so covered or closed in by working
surfaces that there is no opening through which the fibre can be thrown
off during the carding process, but merely the dirt, or what is so short
as to be valueless.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CERTAIN ARTICLES OF DRESS FOR LADIES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Martin Kosminski at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
February 1875.
I, MARTIN KOSMINSKI, of No. 36, New North Road, in the County of
Middlesex, Furrier, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CERTAIN ARTICLES OF DRESS FOR LADIES, to be as
follows:-
"
The improvements relate to what are commonly called boas, victorines,
and such like protectors for the neck, muffs, and muff bags, or other
bags.
According to my Invention I form that portion of the boa which is
intended to surround the neck of the wearer with an internal spring
plate bent to a part circle or shaped corresponding with that of the
neck, so that by simply opening the ends of that portion of it, passing
that portion on to the neck, and allowing the ends to come together
again by the simple action of the spring, the boa will be securely held
in position without the necessity for other fastening.

page_text: I apply a victorine or tippet to the neck portion of this boa, or the
spring formed as stated may be applied to victorines and other articles
for the necks of ladies.
To the hanging ends of the boas, victorines, or other dress collars for
ladies, I apply swivel or such like connections by which aided by 5
suitable rings or such like connections to suspend muffs, muff bags, or
other bags, to be readily removable at pleasure.
The opening of the mouth of the bag may be effected as usual from
the exterior by the action upon a stud or other connection to the spring
externally of the bag, but according to another part of my improvement, 1
the spring for holding closed the mouth of the muff bag is acted upon
only from the interior of the muff.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN SHAFTING PICKS, AXES, ADZES, AND TOOLS OF A SIMILAR CHARACTER as follows
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Brown at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th March
1875.
I, THOMAS BROWN, of Regent Works, Sheffield, in the County of
York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SHAFTING PICKS, AXES, ADZES, AND TOOLS OF A SIMILAR CHARACTER,
to be as follows:-
:-
"
In the Specification to W. T. Bury's Patent, dated 6th August 1870,
No. 2189, was described an improved mode of shafting picks, axes, and
such like tools, wherein the end of the wood shaft to which the blade
was to be fitted was provided with a ferrule tapering from the top end of
the shaft downwards, and the eye of the blade was passed over the
handle end of the shaft in order to be wedged firmly on the tapering
ferrule.
Now my present Invention has for its object to obviate the necessity of
making the eye of the tool of such a size as to pass over entire the shaft,
and for this purpose 1 employ the following construction :―

page_text: I make the ferrule tapering in its width or broadest dimension as
before, but parallel in its thickness or narrowest dimension; at the top
end of one side of the tapering width a piece is cut away and a separate
piece is provided fitting into the notch thus formed, so as to make up
the full size and taper of the ferrule at its top end. This separate piece
is secured in its place by means of a key or cotter formed or fixed at the
side thereof, passing through a hole formed in the ferrule. For shafting
the pick or other tool the said loose piece is removed from the ferrule,
and the eye of the blade is passed over the top end of the ferrule and is
slipped a short distance down the same; the loose piece is then put in
its place and the eye of the blade is now driven tight over the end of the
ferrule and loose piece, being securely held by the taper thereof.
Small projections are by preference formed at any convenient points
on the lower part of the ferrule in order to prevent the blade from
slipping down beyond a certain distance.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MINCING MEAT OR FOR CUTTING OR DIVIDING OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Barr at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
October 1875.
I, ALEXANDER BARR, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR MINCING MEAT OR FOR CUTTING OR
DIVIDING OTHER SUBSTANCES," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention has principally for its object the mincing of meat in a
better, more expeditious, and more economical manner than heretofore,
and by improved apparatus producing much less or none of the
objectionable noise accompanying the operation of existing machines.
The improved apparatus comprises a cylindrical vessel to receive the
meat, and mounted on a revolving shaft which is by preference hori-
zontal. A second revolving shaft projects into the vessel in a position a
little out of the axis of the vessel, and this second shaft has fixed on it
one or more, and by preference several steel discs or rings, each of
which is sharpened on its outer circular edge. The vessel is lined with

page_text: wood or other suitable material, and the edges of the steel discs move in
contact or nearly in contact with such lining at one part.
The two shafts are by preference to be driven by means of belts and
pulleys or otherwise at such relative speeds as that the cutting edges
will move at a different speed from that of the part of the vessel with
which they come in contact or nearly come in contact, the object being
to slice rather than crush the meat. The shafts may be mounted on a
standard frame and be moved by treadle and fly wheel gearing or by a
hand wheel, or by any convenient motive power apparatus.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SUBMARINE CABLES
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Francis Robert Lucas, of No 38, Old Broad
Strect, in the City of London, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN SUBMARINE CABLES."
Sealed the 6th October 1875, and dated the 24th July 1875
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Francis Robert Lucas
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 24th July 1875.
I, FRANCIS ROBERT LUCAS, of No 38, Old Broad Street, in the City
of London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SUBMARINE CABLES," to be as follows.
This Invention relates to an improvement in deep sea telegraph
cables, and has for its object the arrangement of the materials in such
a manner as to give the greatest possible strength, together with light
specific gravity and compactness of space. For these purposes the core
after being served with jute or other yarn in the usual manner is
"closed" with Manilla hemp or other yarns, and wires laid side by side

page_text: spirally round the core, cither alternately, or two or more yarns between
the wires By this combination the greatest possible strength is obtained
from the materials used.
filed by the said Francis Robert Lucas in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 24th January 1876
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FRANCIS
ROBERT LUCAS, of No. 38, Old Broad Street, in the City of London,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of July, in the year
of our Lord One thousand cight hundred and seventy-five, in the thirty-
ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Francis Robert Lucas, Ier special
license that I, the said Francis Robert Lucas, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as 1, the said Francis Robert Lucas,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter duning
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN SUBMARINE CABLES," upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Francis Robert Lucas, my executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
Six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Francis Robert Lucas, do hereby
IMPROVE- MENTS IN ALARM APPARATUS FOR RAILWAY TRAINS TO ENABLE PASSENGERS TO GIVE AN ALARM TO THE ENGINE Driver and Guard
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Palmer at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th August 1875.
I, WILLIAM PALMER, of Warton Road, Stratford, in the County of
Essex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN ALARM APPARATUS FOR RAILWAY TRAINS TO ENABLE PASSENGERS TO
GIVE AN ALARM TO THE ENGINE Driver and Guard," to be as follows :―
This Invention has for its object improvements in alarm apparatus for
railway trains to enable passengers to give an alarm to the engine driver
and guard. For this purpose I mount upon each carriage of a railway
train a gong or bell which can be caused to sound in the manner herein-
after described whenever any of the passengers desire to call the
attention of the guard and driver. If the gong or bell is supported
below the carriage the hammer or striker may be carried upon one of
the axles, whilst the gong or bell is mounted opposite to the striker or
hammer, and at a short distance from it in such manner that ordinarily
the gong or bell is not acted upon by the striker or hammer, but any of
the passengers can by pulling upon a cord or by other suitable appliance

page_text: -move the-gong or bell into a position for the hammer to act upon it,
and so give an alarm to the guard and driver; or if the gong or bell-is
above the roof or at other convenient part of the carriage, its hammer
or striker may be brought into action and caused to strike repeatedly
upon the gong or bell whenever an alarm has to be sounded by means
of a rod or a portion of some other suitable coupling which when an
alarm has to be given is by a passenger pulling upon a cord or other
suitable appliance moved into a position for a projection or projections
upon the axle to act upon it, and so actuate the hammer or striker and
cause the bell or gong to be sounded so long as the axle continues to
revolve.
Any suitable signal arrangement may if desired be combined with
the alarm apparatus above described to enable the guard to know from
which carriage and which compartment the alarm has been sounded.
AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR THINNING TURNIPS OR OTHER ROOT CROPS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Alsop, at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
August 1875.
I, WILLIAM ALSOP, the younger, of Cotes Lodge, in the Parish of
Eccleshall, in the County of Stafford, Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR THINNING
TURNIPS OR OTHER ROOT CROPS," to be as follows:-
This machine consists of a frame mounted on wheels and furnished
with draft gear to which a horse or other animal may be attached, and
with stilts or handles by which the attendant regulates its movements.
To this frame is suspended by one end a lever, at the other end of which
is fixed the hoc.
The lever receives an oscillating motion from one of the wheels by
means of a suitable arrangement of bevel gearing and a crank and
connecting rod.
The lever is not necessarily suspended directly from the frame, but may
be attached to it through the medium of a system of rods and levers so

page_text: contrived that the hoe during each reciprocation may also dip downwards,
so that instead of describing an arc of a circle merely it may describe
part of an egg shaped figure. The hoc has two blades, placed back to
back at an angle with each other, something like the letter V. It is
differently constructed according to circumstances, being used with the
angle either upwards or downwards.
The blades are sometimes made narrower at one end than the other,
and are sometimes furnished with teeth. Also the hoe may be made.
with one blade arranged to turn over at each reciprocation of the lever,
so as to present the cutting edge alternately to either side.
Two or more hoes may be used on as many pendulous levers arranged
to work either simultaneously or with alternate action, and on one or
two or more rows of plants at the same time.
The machine is provided with a small wheel near its rear end connected
to it by springs, and arranged in such a manner that the hoe or hoes
may be readily raised or lowered to suit the inequalities of the ground
or lifted out of work entirely if it be desired to leave any part of the
ground untouched. To allow this to be done the more easily the draft
bar is made to work in a vertical guide bracket at the front part of the
frame.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LETTER BOXES, LETTER PILLARS, AND OTHER RECEPTACLES FOR LETTERS AND OTHER PACKAGES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Stanley and William
John Hale at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 11th May 1875.
We, WILLIAM STANLEY, of No. 221, Pentonville Road, and WILLIAM
JOHN HALE, of No. 6, Margaret Street, Cavendish Square, both in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LETTER BOXES, LETTER PILLARS, AND OTHER RECEPTACLES
FOR LETTERS AND OTHER PACKAGES," to be as follows:
The object of the Invention is to obtain increased security for letters
and other packages deposited in letter boxes, letter pillars, and other
receptacles for their transmission.
The bag or receiver for the letters or other packages is provided at one
end or part with a mouth formed by two spring plates, which are
sufficiently strong to close forcibly one part against the other, and when
closed the opening or mouth between them is protected by a projection
or overhanging part from a third plate, and which projection or part
may be formed to contain glass to break, and thus indicate in case of
improper pressure being applied,

page_text: In order to this spring mouth being open to receive letters or other
packages it is acted upon by parts adapted to that purpose, and this in
the case of pillar and other boxes is effected by these spring plates
forming the mouth of the receptacle being hung on studs in the interior
of the pillar or box in position for other studs or projections from levers,
or arms, or parts of the door acting through holes in one of the plates
upon the other plate to open the mouth.
The lower end or other part of the bag is formed to open and to be
held together by a rod linking into or sliding through the alternate
eyes or parts of plates, to each side of such opening and which may
be secured by sealing until required to be opened by the proper
authority.
The opening to the shoot in a pillar or other box is formed with a flap,
which by lever arms and connecting rod actuates another flap, so that
when the one flap is open the other is closed, thereby to prevent a rod or
other means being introduced to effect the abstraction of the contents of
the receiving bag or part of the pillar or box.
In some cases the letters or packages may be received in separate
chambers with mouths or openings at their lower parts, and capable of
being opened only when one of such bags has been placed under such
opening or mouth, and acted upon by the parts of the pillar or box as
stated in the closing action on the door the opening of which again
closes the bottom of the chamber and the mouth of the bag or receiver.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN TAPS OR VALVES
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Benjamin Goddard, of Southport, in the County
of Lancaster, Surgeon's Assistant, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN TAPS OR VALVES."
Sealed the 10th August 1875, and dated the 29th April 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Benjamin Goddard at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 29th April 1875.
I, BENJAMIN GODDARD, of Southport, in the County of Lancaster,
Surgeon's Assistant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TAPS OR VALVES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to taps or valves to be used in decanting or
drawing off aerated beverages, beer, and other liquids from bottles,
casks, and other containers, and has for its object to provide a tap or
valve at a cheap rate, which shall be simple, durable, efficient, easily
cleaned, and little liable to get out of order.

page_text: 1
A tap or valve constructed under my Invention consists of two parts,
the shank or pipe and the valve. The shank or pipe is formed taper,
one end being provided with a screw and the other with two lugs. The
said shank or pipe and one of the lugs have holes or ways made there-
through. The hole or way through the stem or pipe is enlarged at its
outer end to admit a screwed valve. The said valve is provided with a
pointed stem or spindle.
In practice, when the valve is screwed home, the pointed spindle or
stem projects through and closes the aperture at the screwed end of the
shank or pipe, thus preventing the entrance of dirt or objectionable
matter. The shank or pipe can now by the aid of the lugs be screwed
through the cork or through a hole provided therefor into the container.
When in position the valve is screwed from its seating, thereby with-
drawing the pointed spindle or stem, and leaving a free passage for the
liquid through the hollow shank or pipe and lug.
A leather or other seating may be provided for the valve, or the valve
may be tipped with leather or other material.
The shape and size of the parts may be varied, and in some cases the
screw on the shank may be dispensed with and only one lug used.
PRODUCING LOCOMOTION IN A VEHICLE BY THE BODILY WEIGHT OF THE RIDER OR RIDERS IN SUCH VEHICLE APPLIED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PRINCIPLE OF GEAVITY
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Birley and Ernest
Smythe at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 26th August 1875.
We, SAMUEL BIRLEY, of No. 2, Clyde Cottages, Battersea, London,
and ERNEST SMYTHE, of No. 7, Melcombe Place, Dorset Square, London,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for " PRODUCING
LOCOMOTION IN A VEHICLE BY THE BODILY WEIGHT OF THE RIDER OR RIDERS IN
SUCH VEHICLE APPLIED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PRINCIPLE OF GEAVITY," to be
as follows:-
This Invention to be called the "baroscycle" consists in the application
of the principle of gravity to the practicle purposes of locomotion.
The baroscycle consists of a vehicle on one, two, or more wheels, to
be set and kept in motion by the continual changing of the direction of
the line of gravity of the rider or riders in or upon the vehicle, that is
to say, by a continual changing of attitude or position on the part of the
rider or riders, so as to cause his, hers, or their bodily weights to fall or
lean in such a manner upon the wheels of the vehicle as to producc
locomotion.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING SILK AND COTTON, AND IN PREPARING SILK AND COTTON FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF RIBBONS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Mark French Anderson and
Alexander Rotherham at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 2nd December 1875.
We, MARK FRENCH ANDERSON, Licentiate Royal College of Physicians,
Edinburgh, and Member of the Royal College of Surgeons, England, of
15, Priory Row, in the City of Coventry, and ALEXANDER ROTHERHAM,
Silk Dyer, of Spon Street, in the City of Coventry, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING SILK AND COTTON,
AND IN PREPARING SILK AND COTTON FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF RIBBONS, AND FOR
OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in dyeing silk and
cotton, and in preparing silk and cotton for the manufacture of ribbons,
or other purposes.
For dyeing silk or cotton we add to the solution of aniline or other
dye prepared as is usually done by dyers, gelatine or glue, or other
analogous material, such as isinglass, dissolved in boiling or hot water
in the proportion of one part by weight of glue or gelatine to 300 parts

page_text: of solution. These proportions may be varied considerably according to
the effect it is desired to produce. The dyeing is then conducted in the
usual way. The effect of this treatment will be to impart a regular and
even color to the silk or cotton, and to prevent the coloring matter
from striking on too quickly.
We also use gelatine or gluc, &c. for mixing in the same way with
the solutions, which are in use by dyers for weighting silk so as to fix
the weighting material on the silk, and for imparting to both silk and
cotton an insoluble waterproof gloss, which much improves the
appearance of the article and renders it easier to weave.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHIPS OR VESSELS WITH THE OBJECT OP SAVING LIFE AT SEA
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Clark at the Office
.
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
February 1875.-A communication from abroad by Gaspard' Malo,
of Paris, France.
I, WILLIAM CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middle-
sex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHIPS OR VESSELS WITH THE OBJECT
OP SAVING LIFE AT SEA," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in constructing a ship or vessel with a poop
independent of the hull and in the form of a flat bottomed boat, which
in the event of the vessel being in a sinking condition will be floated off
as hereafter described.
In carrying out this Invention the ordinary poop of the vessel is
replaced by a flat bottomed decked boat, fitted with a centro board or
bilge boards, in order to render it navigable. It is also furnished with a
This lifeboat is
rudder capable of being folded against the taffrail.
always ready for use, the mizen mast of the ship serving also as mast for
the lifeboat, which when the vessel founders floats off with its mast,
'

page_text: rigging, and sails complete. This mast is constructed of steel and made
hollow for the purpose of ventilating the interior of the boat.
The internal construction of the boat comprises all the necessary
fittings for use at sea. Instead of a single lifeboat there may be two
side by side in the case of a ship of great breadth of beam, and instead
of constructing the poop of the vessel in the form of a lifeboat, the
latter may be constructed on any other part of the main deck.
In order to secure the removable poop or lifeboat to the hull of the
ship, so that it may be readily disconnected on an emergency, bolts may
be employed, the said bolts passing through two nuts, of which one is
fixed to the hull of the vessel and the other to the bottom of the life
saving poop or boat. These bolts may be readily unscrewed but are not
entirely withdrawn, being left fixed in the bottom of the lifeboat to keep
out the water. Other means of securing the lifeboat or detachable poop
may also be employed, provided that they are capable of being readily
disconnected.
It will be understood that all hatchways or other openings in the life-
boat necessary for navigating the vessel are provided with doors or
covers fitting water-tight as usual. It is also proposed to provide
several apertures or sluices in the hull of the ship below the water line
'for use in case of fire, so that by opening the same the ship may be more
readily submerged before the fire or heat can attack the lifeboat or
injure the passengers. This detachable poop might be mounted on
-rollers in order to render it movable and facilitate the floating off of the
boat, sluice valves being also provided in the hull of the vessel and in
the after bulk head, to sink the vessel more rapidily by the stern in order
to float off the lifeboat.
IMPROVEMENTS - IN THE MANUFActure of Tin PLATES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Terrell at the Office
i
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
February 1875.
I, THOMAS TERRELL, of Penarth, Cardiff, in the County of Glamorgan,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
- IN THE MANUFActure of Tin PLATES,” to be as follows:-
-
By the process of tin plate manufacture now in use the plates of
iron so soon as the oxide on the surface of the plates has been removed
by what is called pickling in diluted sulphuric acid are plunged into hot
palm oil with the object of causing the molten tin into which they are
afterwards plunged to adhere, such adhesion being otherwise impracticable
under the present mode of working from the rapid oxidisation of the iron
when exposed to the air.
The objections to this process are,—
First. The expense of the palm oil and of bran and labour for

page_text: My Invention will entirely obviate these objections; I propose so soon
as the iron plates are properly pickled to cover them by the electro-
typing process with a thin deposit of tin or lead or any metal that will
flux with tin. However thin the deposit it will prevent the immediate
formation of oxide on the iron plates. The plates might be entirely
electrotyped with tin, but the process is too slow and expensive to be
practically available. The peculiarity of my process is the combination
of the electrotyping with the ordinary dipping process. The plates
must then be plunged into molten tin, and being drawn out through
rollers may thus be formed into tin plates ready for packing without any
intermediate or further process.
By the existing process the palm oil on the tin plates forms a coat on
the surface of the molten tin when plunged therein, which prevents the
oxidisation of the tin, that would otherwise take place and interfere with
the adhesion of the tin.
To produce the same result I place in the pan of molten tin a very
small quantity of palm oil, only sufficient to produce a film on the surface
of the tin.
. By the foregoing process. I dispense with the use of palm oil (except
the minute quantity necessary for the pan of molten tin), and with a 2
great part of the expense of cleaning and bran, and in tin plates manu-
factured by my process there is no formation of amalgam, and a resulting.
great economy in the consumption of tin. I am also by the foregoing
process enabled to use the tin at a lower temperature than is ordinarily
employed, and by so doing to improve the colour of the tin plates.
2
.