IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR MAKING CIGARETTES
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alexander Melville Clark, of 53, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, for the Invention of
"IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR MAKING CIGARETTES."-A communication
from abroad by “La Société Civile et Particulière des Brevets de
Susini," represented by Count Joseph de Susini-Ruiseco, of Paris,
France
ง
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alexander Melville
Clark at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 7th November 1874.
I, ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR MAKING CIGARETTES," to be as
follows:-

page_text: O, framing carrying the compresser and its adjuncts, as also the tobacco
feeder; P, framing in which are mounted the spindles and the bearing
of the pinion and wheel Q for operating the filler R; T, small cylinder
moving the tube along the funnel, and also serving to retain the lap of
the cigarette while filling; U, moulds; W, cam for rolling the paper
as well as for filling and discharging the made cigarette from the
machine.
Figure 2 shows an end view of shaft E and F. D, driving pinion
gearing with wheel D₁ on cam shaft E; G, driving shaft; F, shaft
turned th of a revolution at each revolution of shaft E by a crank
arm N, carrying a pawl acting on a ratchet on shaft F, and operated by
a cam K acting on lever L, connected to N by rod M; R, stop for
shaft F.
Figures 3 and 4 show side and front views of the apparatus for sup-
plying the cane or reed mouth-pieces. A, hopper for containing the
said mouth-pieces b'; B, stirrers to facilitate their passage, operated by
toothed gearing C through pulley D, which receives motion from a
pulley formed on cam K; G, cam for imparting a horizontal movement
to the hopper; K, cam for inserting the mouth-piece in the paper tube
as it passes in R through lever Land pusher M; N, lever for operating
the mandrel, serving to reserve a place for the mouth-piece while filling;
J, J, arrangement of grippers for holding the paper tube while the
mouth-piece is introduced; I, cam for operating same; S, framing which
supports carriage H.
Figures 5 and 6 show front and side views of apparatus for making
cigarettes with coiled cartridge mouth-pieces. A, box containing the
mouth-pieces; B, air pump by means of which the mouth-pieces are
removed one by one from box A; C, sucker by which the action of the
pump is applied; D, grippers taking the detached sheet and delivering
it to the mould E, shown detached in transverse section at Figure 7;
F, lever operating the same; I, mandrel made in two parts, and operated
by wheel G through intermediate gear G³, G", G, G; this mandrel
is shown detached in longitudinal section at Figure 8.
In order to produce a mechanical distribution of the cartridge mouthi-
pieces of the so-called "Russian" cigarettes the pile of paper slips is
compressed either side or endwise, so that each slip may be drawn from
the pile without disturbing the remainder, the arrangements being such
A 2

page_text: as to permit or applying an equal pressure on each strip of cartridge
intended to form the mouth-piece.
Provision is also made for taking off the pressure from the pile at a
given moment, and allowing the strips to descend by gravity to an extent
equal to the thickness of one strip every time one is withdrawn for the
purpose of being formed into a mouth-piece, which could not be effected
were the pressure to remain constant. Figure 5* shows a front view of
apparatus for this purpose, while Figure 6 shows an end view of an
arrangement in which a lateral pressure is applied to the pile of slips.
A, holder containing the slips or leaves a of the cartridge paper to form
the mouth-pieces; C, perforated sucker communicating with an air pump
for detaching the leaves one by one from the pile by exhaustion; K,
rubber surface forming one side of the holder A; G, cam acting on
lever I in order to apply pressure on the edges of the pile of papers;
.D, gripper for conducting the slip removed from the pile by sucker O to
the coiler. The same result may also be obtained by a plate E attached
to box A by a bar F, and pressing on the ends of the paper slips, said
bar F being adjustably connected, as shown, in order to regulate the
pressure of plate E. The pile of slips may also be retained by an elastic
band applied at each end. In this case when the sucker C, which is in
contact with the bottom slip of the pile comes into operation the end of
the slip becomes withdrawn from the elastic band and rests on the the
sucker, and when the gripper D in its turn begins to move for delivering
the slip to be formed into a tube its opposite end will be detached from
the other elastic ring, while the remainder will remain confined by said
rings, or one ring only may be used for the purpose.
Figures 9 and 10 show side and front views of the end folding devices.
A, bifurcated lever, operated by cam G, and serving to close the
folders, B, C, together. Nos. 1 and 2, Figure 10, show respectively
horizontal and vertical sections of these folders. D, lever for operating a
striker Q to close the end of the cigarette; E, cam for operating lever D
and striker Q, mounted on shaft F.
Figure 11 shows a sectional elevation of the apparatus for feeding and
gumming the paper to form the cigarette case. A, gummer operated by
lever G; B, gripper to lay hold of the paper operated by lever F; C,
knife; D, endorsing pad; E, lever for operating same, as also slide S,
by which the paper is fed; T, flap for holding the paper on the return
of slide S; V, reserve of paper.

page_text: Figures 12 and 13 show a front view of the tobacco feeder and com-
presser, and a section of the latter. L, endless creeper for feeding the
tobacco; A, blade, which may be toothed like a comb or rake, and has a
vertical motion for separating the quantity of tobacco required for each
cigarette; B, slide having a blade for removing the tobacco detached by
A, and conveying it along table M, where it is taken by the part B' to
the compresser, of which B' forms one side, the remaining portions
being the parts C and N ; D, grippers for holding the paper while the
cigarette is being filled; E, cam shaft; F, shaft of moulds; G, lever by
which vertical motion is imparted to the plate N of the cam presser
through connecting rod H and lever I; U shows the different positions
of the moulds, U₁ for being compressed, Us for being discharged, U³ for
receiving the paper, and U' for receiving the mouth pieces.
Instead of placing the tobacco by hand upon the endless creeper for
supplying it to the feeder and compresser, as represented in Figure 13,
leaf tobacco may be cut up in the machine and allowed to fall on the
endless creeper. For this purpose a pair of cutter rollers A, A, are
employed, turning in opposite directions, as shown in sectional elevation
and plan in Figures 13" and 14". These cylinders are furnished with a
number of rings or fillets of suitable thickness B, and are mounted at
equal distances apart forming a series of circular shears, those on the
one roller slightly overlapping and working between those on the other.
The leaf tobacco is placed in the hopper O, and is cut by the cylinders,
and falls on to the endless creeper D, by which it is conducted to the
feeder and compressor. Fixed or adjustable clearers E may be employed
to remove any tobacco which may lodge in the grooves of rollers A.
Again, a hopper open at bottom may be placed at a suitable height
above the creeper D or carrier, provided with an agitator or pallets, by
which the cut tobacco is uniformly supplied to the creeper or carrier by
which it is conveyed to the feeder and compresser in an even layer in a
self-acting manner, whereby a uniform quantity of tobacco is appor-
tioned for each cigarette. The same result may be attained when using
leaf tobacco by placing a pair of cutting cylinders such as I have first
described in the hopper, as shown in Figure 15ª, or any other suitable
3 arrangement for cutting up the tobacco may be employed. The leaf
tobacco is cut up by the rollers A, which have a rapid continuous or
intermittent rotary motion, and falls to the bottom G of the hopper F,
where it is continually stirred by the pallets to avoid clogging. The

page_text: tobacco is thus continuously supplied on to the endless creeper D or
carrier to be made into cigarettes, as before described.
Figure 14 shows an elevation of that part of the machine which carries
the filling rod and lever for operating same. A, framing; B, cam for
wrapping, filling, and discharging the finished cigarette from the
machine; D, lever for operating the filling and discharging rods R, S;
E, toothed wheel geared with pinion E" of filler R by intermediate
pinion E'.
Figures 15 and 16 show elevations of the apparatus for discharging
the cigarette from the machine. A, tube, in which the cigarette is
received on its leaving the mould; B, rectangular case for receiving the
cigarettes, in which they are retained by a spring C until discharged by
a pusher E, which receives reciprocating motion from lever D and
cam G.
The paper used for making the cigarettes may be cut in the machine
itself in the manner shown by the diagram, Figure 17. a is a roll of
paper, the same as it comes from the manufacturer, say 50 inches wide,
and 125 yards long, which is placed at one side of the cigarette
machine parallel to the tobacco-feeding device c, as shown. d is a
circular saw, for example, for cutting the paper into strips to suit the
size of the cigarette; e are shears for cutting the paper strip transversely
of a length for the cigarette as fast as it is supplied from the roll.
When a strip has thus been taken from the whole length of the roll it
is moved laterally to the extent of a notch, and the operation is repeated,
and so on.
In order to prevent the last remaining coils of paper becoming
detached from the roll when a strip is severed by the circular saw d I
paste down the edge of the roll, and each time the roll is shifted as
above described the edge of the strip which is to be cut up into slips is
detached by hand.
For making cigarettes before referred to as "Spanish," "mixed,"
and Brazilian the paper may be cut much wider than for gummed
cigarettes or "papyros," the mechanism being arranged to allow of the
gripper turning sufficiently in the mould to lap the paper more or less
round the cigarette as required. For this purpose the paper may be fed
in leaves previously cut rectangular, and placed in a box, from which

page_text: they are withdrawn one by one by means of an air pump, having an
intermittent action through a hollow perforated plate or sucker, which
is applied on the top leaf in the box, which it seizes and delivers to a
curling device, and thence to the edge of the mould, and opposite the
mandril before referred to for making the paper tubes.
In order to place a wad of cotton wool in the paper mouth-piece of
what are known as German or Russian cigarettes a narrow strip of
wadding is laid on the endless creeper used for feeding tobacco in
position for the feeder to carry it away together with the tobacco, it
being then introduced with the same into the compresser, and made up
with the cigarette between the end of the mouth-piece and the tobacco.
In order to produce gold or silver impressions by means of the stamp
before mentioned, which is used for marking the cigarettes, varnishes or
a mordant are used instead of a greasy ink, a roll of felt or wadding
being charged with the gold or silver powder from a supply contained
in a suitable receptacle, which on being rotated applies the powder on
the impression in varnish or mordant at the moment the paper is being
fed towards the mould in which the cigarette or "papyro" tube is being
made.
Lastly, in order to check the weight of the cigarettes and so regulate
the amount of the tobacco placed on the endless creeper as to ensure
uniformity in the same, a very sensitive automatic hydraulic balance,
such as that shown in Figure 18, may be placed at a suitable part of the
machine for the cigarettes to fall thereon to indicate their weight.
A, closed receptacle containing water; B, float, made of cork, wood,
hollow metal, or other material supporting a stem C, on which is fixed
a scale pan D; E, index moving along a scale F attached to receptacle A
by hoops G; H, water level; I, screw, by which the zero of the scale is
adjusted to suit the normal position of index E.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of November, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-
eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Alexander Melville Clark, Her special licence
that I, the said Alexander Melville Clark, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Alexander Melville Clark,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR MAKING CIGARETTES," a communication to
me from abroad by "La Société Civile et Particulière des Brevets de
Susini," represented by Count Joseph de Susini-Ruiseco, of Paris, France,
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Alexander Melville
Clark, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alexander Melville Clark, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being had to the two accom-
panying Sheets of Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked
thereon (that is to say) :-
This Invention relates to improved machinery for manufacturing all
kinds of cigarettes, viz. :—
1st. Those known as "Spanish" cigarettes, which are simply rolled
without gumming with the ends turned in and made of tobacco cut
small.
"
2ndly. Those known as mixed," which are simply rolled without
gumming and the ends turned in and made of tabacon and in 1
P

page_text: 3rdly. Those known as Brazilian," which are made the same as
above, and contain granulated tobacco.
4thly. Those known as "English," which are gummed and have the
ends open, and made of tobacco cut in long fine shreds.
5thly. Those known as "French," which are gummed, open at one
end, and folded or twisted at the other, and are made of tobacco cut in
long fine shreds.
6thly. Those known as "Algerian," which are gummed and closed at
both ends, and made of any kind of tobacco.
7thly. Those known as "Russian papyros," which are gummed and
provided with a mouth-piece of paper coiled in a spiral form, and the other
end being either open or closed, and containing any kind of tobacco.
8thly. Those known as "German papyros," which are gummed and
provided with a paper mouth or tube and a small wad of cotton, the
other end of the cigarette being closed, and containing any kind of
tobacco.
9thly. Those known as "American papyros," which are gummed and
have a mouth-piece of some porous material, such as cane or reed, the
end being either left open or closed, and any kind of tobacco being
used.
The improved machinery of this Invention is illustrated in the accom-
panying Drawings, Figure 1 of which shows a longitudinal section of
the machine. A, A³, fast and loose pulleys; and B, fly wheel on driving
shaft G, which gears with shaft E (Figure 2) through pinion D and spur
wheel D'; 0, frame carrying the driving shaft G, cam shaft E, and
shaft F, which moves intermittently ¼th of a revolution; H, wheel for
regulating the supply of paper; J, cam imparting vertical movement to
the compresser; K, cam imparting vertical movement to the tobacco
feeder; M, ring of teeth driving the pinion of the paper-winding spindle;
O, framing carrying the compresser and its adjuncts, as also the tobacco
feeder; P, framing in which are mounted the spindles and the bearing
of the pinion and wheel Q for operating the filler R; T, small cylinder
moving the tube along the funnel, and also serving to retain the lap of
the cigarette paper while filling; U, moulds; W, cam for effecting the
; several operations of rolling the paper, filling and discharging the
cigarette from the machine,

page_text: Figure 2 shows an end view of shafts E and F; D, driving pinion
gearing with wheel D¹ on cam shaft E; G, driving shaft; F, shaft turned
1th of a revolution at each revolution of shaft E by a crank arm N
carrying a pawl acting on a ratchet on shaft F, and operated by a
cam K acting on lever L connected to N by rod M; R, stop for
shaft F.
Figures 3 and 4 show side and front views of the apparatus for
supplying the cane or reed mouth-pieces. A, hopper for containing the
said mouth-pieces 6'; B, stirrers to facilitate their passage operated by
toothed gearing C through pulley D, which receives motion from a pulley
formed on cam K; G, cam for imparting a horizontal movement to the
hopper; K, cam operating lever Land pusher M for inserting the mouth-
piece in the paper tube as it passes in R; N, lever operating the mandrel
by which a place is reserved for the mouth-piece while filling; J, J',
arrangement of grippers for holding the paper tube while the mouth-
piece is introduced; I, cam for operating same; S, framing which
supports carriage H.
Figures 5 and 6 show front and side views of apparatus for making
cigarettes with coiled cartridge paper mouth-pieces. A, box containing
the strips previously cut to the proper size for the mouth-pieces; B, air
pump by means of which the mouth-pieces are removed one by one from
box A; C, sucker by which the exhaustive action of the pump is
applied; D, grippers taking the detached sheet and delivering it to the
coiler E shown detached in transverse section at Figure 7; F, lever
operating the same; I, mandrel made in two parts and operated by
wheel G through intermediate gear G³, G", G", G; this mandrel is
shown detached in longitudinal section at Figure 8.
The chief features of this machine are,―
1st. The arrangement of the cartridge papers to form the mouth-pieces
before their introduction in packets in the machine and the mode in
which they are taken one by one, coiled, and removed from the coiling
mandrel after being introduced into the paper tube, the packets being
pasted in the manner of sketch blocks to facilitate their introduction
into.the box, and provided at the rear part with a small hole as shown
to ensure their being regularly seized one by one in case pasting should
fail.
2nd The orinners for taking the aline and delivering them to the

page_text: 3rd. The coiling mandrel composed of two parts, the inner portion E
being formed with a slit in the end, as shown in Figure 8, and the outer
portion sliding on the first being made of volute form externally to
correspond in form to the interior of the coiled mouth-piece. The first
mentioned part receives rotary motion as also the second part, but
remains stationary after the coiling is effected, while the latter part carries
the mouth-piece into the paper case so as to detach the end of the mouth-
piece from the slit, and thus facilitate the release of the mouth-piece
when the mandrel is drawn back.
3rd. The coiling mandrel composed of two parts, the inner portion E
being formed with a slit in the end, as shown in Figure 8, and the outer
portion sliding on the first being made of volute form externally to
correspond in form to the interior of the coiled mouth-piece. The first
mentioned part receives rotary motion as also the second part, but
remains stationary after the coiling is effected, while the latter part carries
the mouth-piece into the paper case so as to detach the end of the mouth-
piece from the slit, and thus facilitate the release of the mouth-piece
when the mandrel is drawn back.
4th. The pump for detaching one by one the strips contained in
box A.
5th. The means of curling the mouth-piece and giving it the form of
the paper case (sec Figure 7).
In order to produce a mechanical distribution of the cartridge mouth-
pieces of the so called "Russian" cigarettes, the pile of cartridge paper
slips is compressed by a spring either side or endwise, so that each
strip may be drawn from the pile without disturbing the remainder,
the arrangements being such as to permit of applying an equal pressure
on each strip of cartridge paper intended to form the mouth-piece.
Provision is also made for taking off the pressure from the pile at a
given moment and allowing the strips to descend by gravity to an extent
equal to the thickness of one strip every time one is withdrawn for the
purpose of being formed into a mouth-piece which could not be effected
if the pressure remained constant. Figure 5* shows a front view of
apparatus for this purpose, while Figure 6ª shows an end view of an
arrangement in which a lateral pressure is applied to the pile of strips.
A, holder containing the strips or leaves a of cartridge paper to form the
mouth-pieces; C, perforated sucker communicating with air pump for
detaching the leaves one by one from the pile by exhaustion; K, rubber
surface forming one side of the holder A; G, cam acting on lever I in
order to apply pressure on the edges of the pile of strips; D, gripper for
conducting the strip removed from the pile by sucker C to the coiler.
The same result may also be obtained by a plate E attached to box A by
a bar F and pressing on the pointed ends of the paper strips, said bar F
being adjustably connected, as shown, in order to regulate the pressure
of plate E. The pile of strips may also be retained by an elastic band at
each end. In this case when the sucker C which is in contact with the

page_text: bottom strip of the pile comes in operation the point of the strip is
first withdrawn from its elastic band and rests on the sucker O, and
when the gripper D in its turn begins to move to deliver the strip to be
coiled its opposite end will be detached from the other elastic band, while
the rest of the pile will remain confined by said springs, or one band
only may be used for the
purpose.
Figures 9 and 10 show side and front views of the end folding devices.
A, bifurcated lever operated by cam G and serving to close the
folders B, C, together. Nos. 1 and 2, Figure 10, show respectively
horizontal and vertical sections of these folders. D, lever for operating
striker Q to close the end of the cigarette; E, cam for operating lever D
and striker Q mounted on shaft F.
Figure 11 shows a sectional elevation of the apparatus for feeding and
gumming the paper to form the cigarette case. A, gummer operated by
lever G; B, gripper to lay hold of the paper operated by lever F; 1
C, knife; D, stamping device; E, lever for operating same, as also
slide S by which the paper is fed; T, flap for holding the paper on the
return of slide S;. V, reserve of paper.
Figures 12 and 13 show a front view of the tobacco feeder and com-
presser, and a section of the latter; L, endless sheet for feeding the a
tobacco. A, blade which may be toothed like a comb or rake, and has
a vertical motion for separating the quantity of tobacco required for
each cigarette; B, slide having a blade for removing the tobacco
detached by A and conveying it along table M, where it is taken by the
part B¹ to the compresser of which B¹ forms one side, the remaining i
portions being the parts C and N; D, grippers for holding the paper
while the cigarette is being filled; E, cam shaft; F, shaft of moulds;
G, lever by which vertical motion is imparted to the plate N of the
compresser through connecting rod H and lever I; U shows the different
positions of the moulds U₁ for being compressed; U' for being dis- 8
charged; U³ for receiving the paper; and U* for receiving the mouth-
pieces.
Instead of placing the tobacco by hand upon the endless sheet for
supplying it to the feeder and compresser, as represented in Figure 13,
leaf tobacco may be cut up in the machine and allowed to fall on the 3
endless sheet. For this purpose a pair of cutter rollers A, A, are
employed turning in opposite directions, as shown in sectional elevation
-

page_text: and plan in Figures 13 and 14. These cylinders are furnished with a
number of rings or fillets of suitable thickness B, and are mounted at
equal distances apart, forming a series of circular shears, those on the
one roller slightly overlapping and working between those on the other.
The leaf tobacco is placed in the hopper C and is cut by the cylinders
and falls on to the endless sheet D, by which it is conducted to the feeder
and compresser. Fixed or adjustable scrapers E may be employed to
remove any tobacco which may lodge in the grooves of rollers A.
Again, a hopper open at bottom may be placed at a suitable height
above the sheet D or carrier provided with an agitator or pallets, by
which the cut tobacco is uniformly supplied to the sheet or carrier by
which it is conveyed to the feeder and compresser in an even layer in a
self-acting manner, whereby a uniform quantity of tobacco is appor-
tioned for each cigarette. The same result may be attained when using
leaf tobacco by placing a pair of cutting cylinders, such as I have first
.described, in the hopper, as shown at Figure 15*, or any other suitable
arrangement for cutting up the tobacco may be employed. The leaf
tobacco is cut up by the rollers A, which have a rapid continuous or
intermittent rotary motion, and falls to the bottom G of the hopper F,
where it is continually stirred by the pallets H to avoid clogging. The
tobacco is thus continuously supplied to the endless creeper D or
carrier to be made into cigarettes, as before described.
Figure 14 shows an elevation of that part of the machine which
carries the filling rod and lever for operating same. A, framing; B, cam
for wrapping, filling, and discharging the finished cigarettes from the
machine; D, lever for operating the filling and discharging rods R, S; E,
toothed wheel geared with pinion E" of filler R by intermediate
pinion E¹.
Figures 15 and 16 show elevations of the apparatus for discharging
> the cigarettes from the machine. A, tube in which the cigarette is
received on its leaving the mould; B, rectangular case for receiving the
cigarettes in which they are retained by a spring c until discharged by a
pusher E, which receives reciprocating motion from lever D and cam G.
The apparatus is thus composed of a rectangular case, at the upper
5 part of which is a pusher having a downward motion imparted from the
mould shaft, to which it is connected by a lever and cam after each
cigarette is made. The cigarettes are arranged in the case one by one

page_text: ا.
as they come from the machine until the same is filled, whereupon the
pusher at the upper part of the case presses the cigarettes downwards to
a distance equal to the diameter of a cigarette, which may be effected by
pushing out the last one from the bottom, the cigarettes merely resting
on two springs of just sufficient strength to support their weight while
yielding under the pressure of the pusher.
The tobacco distributor A, Figure 13, may be in the form of a rake or
comb.
The paper used for making the cigarettes may be cut in the machine
itself in the manner shown by the diagram, Figure 17. a is a roll of
paper, the same as it comes from the manufacturer, say 50 inches wide
and 125 yards long, which is placed at one side of the cigarette
machine b parallel to the tobacco feeding device c, as shown; d is a
circular saw, for example, for cutting the paper into strips to suit the
size of the cigarettes; e are shears for cutting the paper strip transversely
of a length for the cigarette as fast as it is supplied from the roll.
When a strip has thus been taken from the whole length of the roll it is
moved laterally to the extent of a notch, and the operation is repeated,
and so on.
In order to prevent the last remaining coils of paper becoming
detached from the roll when a strip is severed by the circular saw d,
I paste down the edge of the roll; and cach time the roll is shifted, as
above described, the edge of the strip, which is [to be cut up into slips,
is detached by hand.
For making cigarettes, before referred to as "Spanish," "mixed," and
"Brazilian," the paper may be cut much wider than for gummed
cigarettes or "papyros," the mechanism being arranged to allow of the
gripper turning sufficiently in the mould to wind the paper more or
less, say from one and a quarter to one and three-quarter times round
the cigarette as required. For this purpose the paper may be fed in
leaves previously cut rectangular, and placed in a box, from which they
are withdrawn one by one by means of an air pump having an inter-
mittent action through a hollow perforated plate or sucker, which is
applied on the top leaf in the box, which it seizes and delivers to a
curling device, and thence to the edge of the mould and opposite the
mandrel before referred to for making the paper tubes. The form of the
folded ends of the cigarettes depends on the shape of the folders, as above
specified.

page_text: In order to place a wad of cotton wool in the paper mouth-piece of
what are known as German or Russian cigarettes, a narrow strip of
wadding is laid on the endless creeper used for feeding the tobacco, in
position for the feeder to carry it away together with the tobacco, it
being then introduced with the same into the compresser and made
up with the cigarette between the end of the mouth-piece and the
tobacco.
In order to produce gold or silver impressions by means of the stamp
before-mentioned which is used for marking the cigarettes, varnishes or a
mordant are used instead of a greasy ink, a roll of felt or wadding being
charged with the gold or silver powder from a supply contained in a
suitable receptacle, which on being rotated applics the powder on the
impression in varnish or mordant at the moment the paper is being fed
towards the mould in which the cigarette or "papyro” tube is being
made.
In order to check the weight of the cigarettes and so regulate the
amount of the tobacco placed on the endless creeper as to ensure
uniformity in the same, a very sensitive automatic hydraulic balance
such as that shown in Figure 18 may be placed at a suitable part of the
machine for the cigarettes to fall thereon to indicate their weight;
A, closed receptacle containing water; B, float made of cork, wood,
hollow metal, or other material supporting a stem C on which is fixed a
pan D'; E, index moving along a scale F attached to receptacle A by
hoops G; H, water level; I, screw by which the zero of the scale is
adjusted to correspond with the normal position of index E.
The manufactured cigarettes may also be mechanically arranged by an
apparatus having a vertical ascending action the principle of which
consists in the combination of a piston for raising the cigarettes with
prongs or teeth for retaining the same, the parts being variously
arranged to adapt them to the particular circumstances of cach case.
Figures 19 and 20 represent by way of example longitudinal and
transverse sections respectively of an apparatus of this kind for
arranging the manufactured cigarettes in a self-acting manner. The
reference letters apply to both these Figures; A, A', A', A³, cigarettes;
B, push rod; O, piston for lifting the cigarettes; D, D', flat prongs for
retaining same; E, E', openings in piston for the passage of the prongs;
F, box; G, mouth at which the cigarettes are introduced; H, H¹, guide

page_text: plates; 1, 1, glazed sides. of Dox to watch the operation of filling;
J, sliding shutter.
The following is the action of the machine. The cigarette A being
fed by the pusher B to the position A* in which it rests on piston O is
raised vertically thereby into the position A', and at this moment the
prongs D, D¹, enter the openings E, E', in the piston C and support the
cigarettes whilst the piston descends again. These alternate movements
of the piston O and prongs D, D¹, being repeated, the cigarettes are thus
introduced one by one in a perfectly uniform manner into box F through
channel G. The plates H, H³, serve to guide the cigarettes. The
aperture in the bottom of the box may be closed by a slide as shown, or
otherwise.
Having described the nature of the Invention and the manner of
performing the same, I declare that what I claim as the Invention to be
protected by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,―
First. The general arrangement of the machinery adapted for the
manufacture of the various kinds of cigarettes herein-before mentioned.
Second. The employment of a device seizing the paper between two
grippers having horizontal rectilinear motion, and one of which has a
vertical motion for operating the knife at same time that it grips the
paper for conducting the same to the mandril, substantially as shown
and described in reference to Figure 11.
Third. The mandril by which the paper is taken from the grippers and
on which the paper is wound and retained while being gummed and
folded in at the end, substantially as shown and described.
Fourth. The application of the self-inking stamp arranged and
operating as described.
•
Fifth. The use and application of an endless web gummer of india-
rubber or other material passing round a roller revolving in a gum
trough whereby the gum is transferred to the paper presented to it as it
passes over the edge of a fixed blade, as shown in Figure 11.
Sixth. The employment of the folding device for closing the end of
the cigarette, as described and shown at Figure 10, made in two parts,
fitting one in the other in such manner that after closing the end of the
cigarette tube it will ensure the end being made perfectly cylindrical

page_text: which is not the case when the parts of the folding device do not fit the
one in the other.
Seventh. The employment of a compresser, substantially as shown
and described in reference to Figures 12 and 13, for moulding the
tobacco or herbs to be introduced into the paper tubes previously
made.
Eighth. The application of an arrangement of blade or combs for
separating the tobacco in certain quantities and introducing same into
the compresser, substantially as shown and described.
Ninth. The employment of the apparatus for distributing cane or
reed mouth-pieces together with the spring grippers for facilitating
the insertion of the same in the paper tubes, as shown in Figures 3
and 4..
Tenth. The employment of the apparatus for distributing spirally
coiled cartridge mouth-pieces, as shown in Figures 5 and 6.
-Eleventh. The employment of the arrangement for discharging the
cigarettes in a regular manner, and horizontally instead of end wise,.
which is liable to damage the fold, as shown in Figures 15 and 16.
Twelfth. The application of a filling rod for conveying the tobacco to
the paper tubes, or the employment instead of the same of a metallic
tube formed in two halves attached to the upper and lower parts of the
compresser respectively, and capable of closing upon each other and of
conducting the tobacco into the paper tube by a lateral movement.
Thirteenth. The arrangement illustrated by the diagram, Figure 17,—
first, for feeding the paper laterally in order to cut it into strips parallel
to its fibre, and thus avoid its tearing by adhesion to the lips, the fibre
being always placed in the direction of the length of the cigarette; second,
for cutting strips from continuous paper in the cigarette machine itself,
the strips being of a width suited to the size of the cigarette required;
third, the application of a cigarette making machine of rolls of paper
either of a greater length than is necessary for the size of the cigarette or
of the exact length required therefor; fourth, introducing the paper by
mechanical means into the cigarette machine cut in length parallel to
its fibre and in width transversely to the same, in order that the cigarette
may be enveloped in a paper strip having the fibre always parallel to its
length.

page_text: Fourteenth. The placing by self-acting means a wad of cotton or wool
at the base of the paper paper mouth-piece, as also the mechanical
arrangements for effecting the same, as described.
Fifteenth. Gilding and silvering automatically the impressions
stamped on the cigarettes, and the mechanical means employed therefor.
Sixteenth. The gauging the weight of the cigarettes by means of an
automatic hydraulic balance, as shown at Figure 18.
Seventeenth. The method of clamping the pile of cartridge paper
strips to form the mouth-pieces on the edges, either at the side or at the
ends by an elastic pressure in order that each strip may be detached 1
from the pile without disturbing the rest, as shown in Figures 5* and 6*,
as also the application for the same purpose of an india-rubber or other
elastic band at one or both ends of the pile of strips.
Eighteenth. The employment of two filletted cylinders forming cir-
cular shears working together for cutting up the tobacco, and spreading 1
it on an endless creeper, by which it is fed to the distributor and com-
pressor, see Figures 13° and 14º.
Nineteenth. The employment of a hopper open at bottom and
provided with a stirrer for spreading a layer of cut tobacco, of a
uniform depth and breadth, upon the endless creeper or carrier which
conducts the tobacco to the distributor and compressor, as shown in
Figure 15º.
Twentieth. The combination of the above hopper and agitator with
the circular shear cylinders employed for cutting up the tobacco.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alexander Melville Olark, have 2
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Sixth day of May,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
seventy-five.