Improvements in or relating to the Method of and Apparatus for Lubricating Surfaces.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 29th Jan., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 29th Oct., 1889-Accepted, 28th Dec., 1889
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to the Method of and Apparatus for
Lubricating Surfaces.
I, SAMUEL BANNER, Marine Engineer of 10 Spark Terrace Bishopwearmouth
Sunderland in the county of Durham do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in or relating to the method of and
apparatus for lubricating surfaces and is in some respects a development of or
improvement upon the invention described in my application for a Patent No. 1894388
in which air pressure is utilised as the motive power for actuating the lubricant feed.
In order to carry out my improvements I construct chambers or reservoirs having
preferably cylindrical interiors though for certain purposes they may be other than
cylindrical and I arrange in or in connection with the side of one chamber a barrel in
which I provide an air pump fitted with suction and delivery chambers or ports or
valves and which may conveniently receive motion froin any reciprocating or other
equivalent movement of the main engine the return stroke of the pump being effected
if necessary by a spring.
The air delivery is conveyed to a tube or passage preferably traversing the axes of
the chambers or reservoirs aforesaid the upperinost of which is provided with an
ordinary feed aperture an air-outlet aperture and a sight-outlet cock or aperture
capable of control or adjustment by a cock. The tube or passage conveying the air
pressure has open ends the upper end opening into the upper portion of the uppermost
chamber or oil reservoir the lower end opening into the lower portion of the lower
chamber or reservoir and the base of the latter is further provided with a drain cock
projecting into the chamber to a distance substantially equal to the distance from the
bottom of the said chamber to the lower end of the central pipe or tube aforesaid.
The base of the lower chamber is further provided with an opening connected with a
gauge glass furnished with a graduated metrical scale so that the levels of the oil or
liquid in that portion of the lower chamber outside the central tube or pipe may be
readily ascertainable in the gauge. The upper or open end of the gauge glass is
arranged to terminate just below the sight outlet cock aforesaid so that the regulated
droppago from the said cock shall increase the level of the oil or liquid in the lower
chamber thereby gradually displacing the air contained therein through a port or
ports arranged in or about the top of such chamber and further since the upper and
lower chambers are connected with one another in the manner aforesaid the extra
head produced in the lower chamber will react in the form of increased pressure on
the surface of the diminishing column of liquid or oil in the upper chamber so as to
compensate in some respects for the loss of head produced in the latter by the passage
of oil or liquid to the lower chamber.
The amount and action of the pressures in the chambers may thus be substantially
a measure or indication of the amount and action of the pressures acting on and
in the various lubricators of the system the latter being connected to the former by
suitable conduit pipes arranged as and where required.
Dated this 28th dow of January 1889
A. ORAWHALL CHAPMAN,
2, St. Nicholas' Buildings, Newcastle-on-Tyne, Patent Agent for Applicant.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to the Method of and Apparatus for
Lubricating Surfaces.
I, SAMUEL BANNER of 10 Spark Terrace, Bishopwearmouth Sunderland. in the
county of Durham, Marine Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :—
This invention has reference to improvements in or relating to the method of and
Apparatus for lubricating surfaces and is in some respects a development of or
improvement upon the inven ion described in the Patent granted to me No. 1894388
in which air pressure is utilised as the motive power for actuating the lubricant feed.
In order to carry out my improvements I construct chambers or reservoirs having
preferably cylindrical interiors though for certain purposes they may be other than
cylindrical and arrange on or in connection with the side of one chamber a barrel
in which I provide an air pump fitted with suction and delivery chambers or ports
or valves and which may conveniently receive motion from any reciprocating or
other equivalent movement of the main engine the return stroke of the pump being
effected if necessary by a spring. The air delivery is conveyed to a tube or passage
preferably traversing the axes of the chambers or reservoirs aforesaid the uppermost
of which is provided with an ordinary feed aperture an air outlet aperture and a sight-
outlet cock or aperture capable of control or adjustment by a cock. The tube or
passage conveying the air pressure has open ends, the upper end opening into the
upper portion of the uppermost chamber or oil reservoir, the lower enil opening into
the lower portion of the lower chamber or reservoir, and the base of the latter is
further provided with a drain cock projecting into the chamber to a distanco sub-
stantially equal to the distance from the bottom of the said chamber to the lower end
of the central pipe or tube aforesaid. The base of the lower chamber is further
provided with an opening connected with a gauge glass furnished with a graduated.
metrical scale so that the levels of the oil or liquid in that portion of the lower chamber
outside the central tube or pipe may be readily ascertainable in the gauge. The upper
or open end of the gauge glass is arranged to terminate just below the sight outlet
cock aforesaid so that the regulated droppage from the said cock shall increase the
level of the oil or liquid in the lower chamber thereby gradually displacing the air
contained therein through a port or ports arranged in or about the top of such
chamber and further since the upper and lower chambers are connected with one
another in the manner aforesaid the extra head produced in the lower chamber will
react in the form of increased pressure on the surface of the diminishing column
of liquid or oil in the upper chamber so as to compensato in some rospects for the
loss of head produced in the latter by the passago of oil or liquid to the lower
chamber.
The amount and action of the prossures in the chambers may thus be substantially
a measure or indication of the amount and action of the pressures acting on and in the
various lubricators of the system the latter being connected to the former by suitable
conduit pipes arranged as and where required.
I will now fully describe my present invention having reference to the accom-
panying drawings in which Fig. I is a sectional elevation (shown partly in elevation)
and Fig. 2 a plan of the same showing certain apparatus designed to effect certain
results in lubricators of tho type set forth in the specification of my Letters Patent
No. 18943. To fully comprehend the object of my present invention the specifi-
cation of my former Patent No. 1894388 may with advantage be read and to assist in
elucidating the application and action of my present invention I have shown in dotted
lines ut Fig. 3 a sectional elevation of one of the lubricators described and illustrated in
my former Patent above alluded to. Referring now to the figures a and a¹ are chambers
or reservoirs for holding the lubricant or liquid the specific gravity of which is
preferably identical with that of the oil in the lubricators separated by partition e

page_text: and a² is a small air pump arranged upon the side of the upper chamber a, the
outstroke of which is performed by a cord attachment a³ to any convenient moving
point of the engine or machinery the return stroke being effected by the coil spring a
arranged around the pump rod as shown. a is a tube passing up the centres of both
chambers a a' and terminating as shown; a' is another tube and a7 a drain cock to
drain the oil in a' down to the level of the top of tube a or line A A. a is an oil
feed aperture, a is an air outlet aperture, and a is an vil outlet aperture for
chamber a. The latter aperture leads in two directions or upwards so as to com-
municate with the gauge glass all and downwards so as to communicate through
nozzle a gauge glass a" and passage a¹ with chamber a'. The downward flow of
oil from a to a¹ is however checkel and controlled by the coned or valved end P of
spindle a which is arranged to open or close and regulate the communication between
passages a¹ and a" as shown in elevation in dotted lines in Fig. 1. a¹ is a graduated
scale of inches to show position of lubricant or liquid in a¹. The object to be
achieved by this apparatus being to produce automatically a gradually increasing air
pressure in accordance with the gradually diminishing column of lubricant in
lubricators or equivalent apparatus more especially of the type described in my Patent
No. 1894388. I will now explain how to proceed in order to put my improved
apparatus into practical effect-Firstly, having unscrewed plug a fill chamber a with
oil up to level of B B which is an imaginary line assumed to correspond with
the level of the oil in the lubricators when they are full (e.g. line cc in Fig. 3.)
Secondly, pour oil down tube a³ until it rises in a to level A A; check this level
by opening cock a' and as soon as oil runs out at a shut this cock and cease pouring
into a. It will be observed that A A is also the level of the lower end of tube a* the
upper end of which is kept somewhat above the maximum level of the oil in a.
Thirdly, connect end of cord as to any suitable part of the engine so as to give
air pump a reciprocatory motion and then slightly turn screw spindle a so as to
give the requisite opening for the oil in a and in a" to pass from passage a¹ past. P to
passage a whence it drops from nozzle a into gauge glass a3. Every drop of oil
thus dropping naturally raises the level of oil in gauge glass as as well as in that
portion of chamber a surrounding the tube a. Let us now oxamine what the air
pump is doing; Firstly as it reciprocates air is drawn in through suction valve c' and
forced through delivery valves and port e through the oil in chamber a until it
bubbles up into the air space above the oil in a. Here it has two outlets, viz. along a
which is the air conduit to the lubricators and downwards through pipe a³. Now
when the apparatus is started with the oil in the chambers and in the lubricators at
the levels bereinabove specified for starting (riz. in a at B B, in a at A A and in the
lubricators at C) it is clear that there will be very little resistance for the air coming
down a to overcome in order for it to pass round the base of this pipe and upwards
to seek a free exit to the atmosphere through the holes 3 but the resistance which the
air encounters at base of pipe a will gradually increase as the level of the oil in a²
increases towards level A' A' due to the droppage of oil from a through a¹ a a¹³ a14.
The increase of pressure thus produced at base of pipe a of course increases the
work of air pump a² which has thus to further compress its air in order to force it
to its only vent at through the increasing column of oil in a'. The increased air
pressure thus produced of course reams on the surface of the diminishing column of
oil in a as well as through conduits a on the diminishing column of oil in the
lubricators and precisely as the column diminishes in the lubricators requiring a
greater pressure to produce the greater head required in order to have an overflow so
does the level of oil in a¹ rise producing a greater resistance and consequent greater
(or gradually increasing) pressure throughout the air conduits and lubricators (if
there be more than one) of the system. Moreover the action is further compensating
in that as the level of the oil in a lowers, were it not for the increasing pressure of
the air on the surface of the oil from the causes already stated the droppage
hrough as a would be in gradually retarded ratio but the diminishing column in a
as the pressure due to its diminished head exactly compensated or increased by the
ncreased air pressure acting on its surface as already above described and thus the

page_text: droppage at a a7 to gauge glass a¹s can be regulated to be a practically constant
quantity irrespective of the level of the oil in a. The glasses a" a show respectively
the levels of the oil in chambers a and a' and by observing the rango of level on the
graduated scale a the observer can at once ascertain the level of oil in his lubricators
and consequently the amount of lubricant consumed.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is : --
(1) For producing a gradually increasing pressure on a gradually diminishing
column of oil or liquid, a vessel divided by a partition so as to form an upper (a) and
a lower (a) vessel the said vessels being connected by means of an open-ended tube
or pipe such as a as well as by means of a valve controlled duct (au ale a¹ a¹³ a¹) in
such a manner that air delivered or pumped into the uppermost of the two aforesaid
vessels shall have a pressure coincident with the difference of level of the oil or liquid
inside and outside the lower portion of the tube a substantially as set forth.
(2) The combination of parts consisting of the vessels a a¹, pump a³, pipe a³, and
outlet a, sight duct a conveying liquid from a to a' and exit e³ to atmosphere all
arranged and operating substantially as and for the purposes hereinhefore set forth.
(3) For producing a constant ratio of droppage from a vessel such as a in which
the head of liquid is a diminishing head the arrangement of vessels a a¹ connected by
a pipe a³ and duct as so that air delivered into a finds an exit to the atmosphere by
passing through a and upwards through a column of liquid in a¹ of a height equal to
the height of the diminished head aforesaid to exit e substantially as set forth.
(4) The combination of parts arranged and operating substantially as hereinbefore
described and illustrated.
Dated this 28th day of October 1980
A. CRAWHALL CHAPMAN,
2, St. Nicholas' Buildings, Newcastle-on-Tyne, Agent for Applicant.