IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Lawson and Somerville Dear, both of Leeds,
in the County of York, Machinists, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
Sealed the 6th October 1854, and dated the 25th April 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Lawson and
Somerville Dear at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 25th April 1854.
WC, JOHN LAWSON and SOMERVILLE DEAR, do hereby declare the nature of
the. said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING" to be as
follows:-
Firstly, it consists in the application of a self-regulating cone motion (used
in the bobbin and fly frame), to deliver at an uniform speed the yarn or warp
from the beam or beams of looms for weaving. It is well known that to do
this the revolving speed of the beam or beams must increase as the diameter
or diameters of the beam or beams decrease; therefore the strap connecting
the cones is traversed by toothed racks (in connection with toothed wheels),
which have the motion that is obtained from the diminishing diameters of the
beam or beams.
Secondly, it consists in combining with the above positive or self-regulating
delivery motion, or with any other positive or self-regulating delivery motion,
the common drag motion, to regulate the motion of the warp.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Lawson and Somerville Dear in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 25th October 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
LAWSON and SOMERVILLE DEAR, both of Leeds, in the County of York,
Machinists, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fifth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the seventeenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said John Lawson and Somerville Dear, Her especial license, that we, the
said John Lawson and Somerville Dear, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said John Lawson and Somerville Dear,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said John Lawson and
Somerville Dear, by an instrument in writing under our hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and imme-
diately after the date of the said Letters--Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said John Lawson and Somerville
Dear, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement and accompanying Drawing (that is
to say):
Our Invention relates to looms for weaving either by hand or power, but
more particularly power, and its object is to deliver and otherwise regulate the
yarn or warp, so that it may be woven with little strain upon it, and so that a
more even fabric-may-bo-produced-than_can_be_obtained from looms now
generally in use. Our Invention consists, firstly, in a new combination and
arrangement of mechanism by the application of a self-regulating cone motion,
similar to that used in the machine known as the bobbin and fly frame, to
deliver at an uniform speed (or equal lengths in equal times) the yarn or warp

page_text: from the beam or beams upon which it is wound. The manner in which this
is accomplished will be explained by assistance of and by reference to the
Drawing annexed hereto, which exhibit several views of a power loom, or such
parts of them as refer to our Invention, which we shall now proceed to describe,
premising that the same letters and figures of reference will be employed on
the same or corresponding parts in each Figure of the Drawing. A is the
crank or first motion shaft of the loom; on the end of it a pinion B is secured,
which geers with a wheel C on the end of the shaft D. This shaft carries the
driving cone N; one end of the shaft works in a bearing secured to the side
frame of the loom, the other passes through a slot in the side frame, and works
in a bearing formed in one end of a lever E, which has its fulcrum on a stud
secured in the side frame (this arrangement gives the means of moving the
wheel C in and out of geer with the wheel B). The other end of the lever E is
connected by a rod G, with a bell crank lever H, which has its fulcrum on a
stud I, secured in the frame; and the other arm of the bell crank lever H is
connected by a rod J with the stop handle of the loom. With the arrangement
above described, when the stop handle is pulled to that notch in which it is
held when the loom works, the connecting rod J will be pulled also, and its
motion will be transmitted through the levers and rods in connection with it,
and the wheel C will be brought in geer with wheel B; and when the stop
handle is forced out of the notch, the wheel C will drop out of geer by the
gravity of the end of the shaft D, by which means the driving cone N will be
stopped that instant the stop handle is released, and thus the letting out or
delivery of the yarn at the same time (as will be hereafter understood); if it
did not, and the stop handle was released, from absence of weft, the yarn or
warp
would have to be turned back as at high speeds. The loom may make
several revolutions of the crank shaft without weft after the stop handle is
released; but when the beams require turning back, from a fault in weaving
or other reason, it is done by a handle at the front of the loom on a shaft M,
which is free in bearings secured to the side of the loom, upon which is a worm
L, which geers with the worm wheel K on the shaft D, when it drops, to dis-
engage the wheel C from the wheel B; that is, when the stop handle is released,
the worm L and worm wheel K being out of geer when the stop handle is
in the notch in which it is held when the loom is at work. We have so far
shewn how the driving cone N is actuated, and have now to explain that O is
the driven cone, having its bearings in a frame P, which consists of a cylin-
drical part, having two arms, in which the bearings of the cone are formed. The
shaft S passes through the cylindrical part of the frame, which is free upon it;

page_text: by this means the axis of the driven cone is kept parallel with the driving cone,
and it is made free to rise or fall, the weight of the driven cone being supported
by the strap or belt which gives motion to it; and as the driven cone in moving
up or down radiates or moves on the shaft S as an axis, the wheel Q, on the
end of the driven cone will geer.in all positions of the cone with the wheel R,
secured on the shaft S (which has its bearings fixed on the side frames). The
motion due to the position of the strap on the cones is thus transmitted from
the driven cone by the wheels Q and R to the shaft S, and by a spur wheel T
on the end of it to another U on a short shaft, having its bearing in a socket
formed in the side frame, the wheels Tand U being geered by an intermediate
or carrier wheel V working on a stud in a "fixing" secured to the side frame,
which arrangement allows of a change of wheels to adjust the speed of delivery
of the yarn or warp. On the other end of the short shaft, on which the wheel
U is keyed, a bevil wheel W is secured, which geers into another X on a
shaft (which passes between the two beams) parallel to the side frame in
bearings secured to it. On this shaft two worms Y and Z are fixed; one
geering with a worm wheel a, secured on one beam (c), the other in one (b),
secured on the other beam (d). One of the worms and its wheel is right and
the other is left handed, so as to revolve both beams in the same direction. So
far we have explained the manner in which revolving motion is obtained and
imparted to the yarn or warp beam or beams; but to deliver an equal length of
yarn from the beams for each pick of weft, it is well known that the revolving
speed or motion of the yarn or warp beam or beams must increase in the ratio
of the diminishing diameter of the yarn on the beams; and this is done by
traversing the strap or belt connecting the driving and driven cones from the
small end towards the large end of the driving cone N. The manner in which
this is self-regulated is as follows:-The strap or belt of the cones is traversed
on them by a guide, which is secured to a piece (m), that slides freely on a
cross stay (n). Passing between the sides of the loom to the strap or belt guide
an horizontal rack (l) is attached; in it a wheel (k) geers, which is free on a
stud fixed in the cross stay; the revolving of this wheel will cause the belt to
be traversed along the cones, and this is done by another rack (i) secured to
perpendicular sliding rod (e), which geers into a pinion j, attached to the boss
of the wheel k. The lower end of the perpendicular-slide-rod-e-(parallel to
the axis of the beams) is kept in its proper position by a bracket h secured
to the cross stay, through which it slides freely, the rack i being kept in geer
with the pinion by a friction bowl placed on a stud fixed in the cross stay at
the back of the rack. The upper end of the rod c is bent over the upper beam,

page_text: and is forked, to take in the bearings of friction bowl or roller f, and a
forked arm secured to the rod e, carrying another friction bowl or roller g,
projects over the lower beam. The friction bowls or rollers are caused to rest
on the yarn by their own gravity, and that of the rod e, and parts connected with
it, which will thus descend as the beams diminish in diameter, causing the
wheel k to turn and the rack to traverse the strap or belt on the cones..
Our Invention consists, secondly, in combining with a self-regulating yarn or
warp delivery motion the common drag arrangement (which is used in looms
where the fabric is "taken up" positively), which we accomplish in the follow-
ing manner: The wheels on the beam or beams in a self-regulating. yarn or
warp delivery motion, corresponding to the worm wheels a and b, herein-before
described, are made loose on the shafts of the beams. The common drag pulleys
are fixed close to the side of the worm wheel or wheels. A pin or stud is fixed in
the conimon drag pulley, taking into a concentric slot in the face of the worm
wheel, which has no movement but what is imparted by its worm. With this
arrangement the beams may have an oscillatory movement of an extent equal
to the length of the concentric slot in the worm wheel or wheels, so that when
the slay drives the weft up, the drag gives way to the blow, by permitting the
beam to go forward as far as the concentric slot in the worm wheel allows, and
when the slay retires it takes up the yarn or warp by pulling back the beam,
till the pin in the drag pulley comes to the opposite end of the concentric slot
in the worm wheel; and as the worm wheel is duly advanced at this point, or
is advancing uniformly, the beam is caused to deliver the yarn due to each pick
of weft. In looms having the improvements herein described, the fabric is
wound on to the beam as woven, and the yarn or warp is kept at its proper
tension by the arrangement of a weighted lever, having a click, which takes into
the teeth of a ratchet wheel fixed on the cloth roller, which is a well-known
arrangement for the purpose, and requires no further explanation.
We have now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed and carried into
effect, and wish it to be understood that we do not confine ourselves to the
details herein described and shewn in the Drawings, but claim as our
Invention,-
Firstly, the application of two cones to produce a differential motion for
regulating the delivery of the yarn or warp from the beams.
Secondly, the combination of the common drag arrangement (used in those
looms which positively, take up the fabric as it is woven) with any self-regulating
differential yarn or warp delivery motion, as herein-before described.

page_text: Thirdly, the application of two or more yarn beams for the above purposes.
And fourthly, the general arrangement, as herein-before stated.
In witness whereof, we, the said John Lawson and Somerville Dear,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-fourth day of
October, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
fifty-four.