Improvements in Apparatus for Supplying Oil to Explosion Engines.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 7th Apr., 1898
Complete Specification Left, 4th Jan., 1899-Accepted, 11th Feb., 1899
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Supplying Oil to Explosion Engines.
We, JOSEPH MILLOT and BENOIT MILLOT, both of Gray (Haute-Saone), in the
Republic of France, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
Our invention has for its object an automatic petroleum feed device applicable
to all explosion motors wherein the cycle comprises a suction period either in
the motor cylinder or in a separate cylinder designed to prepare the explosive
mixture.
To form an explosive mixture the combustion of which shall be complete, it
is necessary to introduce into the presence of a given quantity of air a deter-
mined quantity of petroleum and it is the object of our invention to provide
means for obtaining this result.
It
In the majority of motors the carburation of the air is effected by drawing
petroleum through an exceedingly small orifice (about half a millimetre in
diameter) which opens into the tube through which the air flows to the cylinder.
It will be easily understood that the petroleum is projected into the tube in
quantity which increases with the degree of the partial vacuum created in the
tube during the suction stroke, that is to say, it increases with the tenuity of
the air and conversely it is projected very feebly if the air flows in excess.
is clear that the principle of these apparatus is faulty and in complete_contra-
diction to the object desired as the mode of operation causes the air and petro-
leum to mix together in an inversely proportional manner. Their regulation
can only be effected within limits which are very restricted and difficult to
attain. For this reason petroleum motors in unskilled hands spread such a
disagreeable odour which odour results from the faulty proportions of the air
and petroleum admitted to the cylinder. And it is for this reason also that
their power has been designated uncertain.
The apparatus comprises a cylinder in which a very light piston can freely
move, the said piston being guided by a central rod. At its upper part this
rod passes into a plug screwed into the cover and provided with a milled head
which enables it to be screwed more or less deeply into the cover and to thereby
vary the distance which separates it from a nut upon the upper end of the rod:
a spring serves to hold it in any position which it is caused to assume.
At its lower part the rod is formed in two parts of different diameter and these
two parts of the rod are separated by a conical portion forming a valve which
seats upon a socket portion forming the bottom of the cylinder. A spring tends
to bring the valve to its seat. The end or smaller part of the rod is formed
with a central hole into which open small transverse holes. A short tube is
formed on the cylinder and communicates with it through an aperture. This
tube is provided at its ends with two oval flanges by means of which the apparatus
is interposed in the air inlet pipe of the motor cylinder. A pin valve is pressed
by a spring against a hole or passage which connects a space with the said tube;
the rise of this valve is small and is limited by a stop.

page_text: A sheet of fine wire gauze is provided through which the petroleum passes
before being utilized in order that it may be freed from any impurities which it
may contain. A screwed projection allows of the reservoir containing petroleum
being placed in communication with the apparatus.
A weight is pivoted in a cylindrical box and is operated by gear wheels the
diameters of which is such that the weight turns with a velocity half as great as
that of the motor. Under the action of centrifugal force the weight applies itself
against the concentric fixed surface of the box of which it can take the exact
shape so as to close an orifice during the suction stroke of the motor. A spring
opposes its action to that of the centrifugal force and so long as the normal
velocity is not departed from, maintains the outer surface of the weight at
about one millimetre from the said surface.
The operation of the apparatus is as follows, The petroleum coming from
any suitable reservoir enters the apparatus through the inlet passes through
the filter flows through the central hole formed in the end of the rod thence
through the holes therein so as to fill the space around the rod and then stops
under the valve. When the suction stroke of the motor commences, the draught
of air from the cylinder creates in the short tube a partial vacuum which extends
through the aperture therein under the piston of the apparatus and as the upper
face of the said piston is in communication with the atmosphere the piston is
forced downwards by the difference of pressure on its two faces and carries
with it the rod which is fixed thereto. This movement of the piston is limited
by the contact of the nut with the screwed plug which is adjustable as above
described. As soon as the rod commences its movement, the valve thereon
leaves its seat and the small holes therein are closed by the ring in which it
slides;
the petroleum contained in the space around the rod is displaced by
the plunger or larger part of the end of the rod rises above the valve, forces
back the pin valve so as to uncover the opening of its hole or passage and in a
finely divided condition reaches the air current which at this moment flows
through the short tube or cylinder so as to form with it the explosive charge.
At the end of the suction stroke the spring returns the rod to its initial position.
At each flow of air into the motor cylinder, that is to say, only when the normal
velocity is not exceeded, the apparatus projects into the short tube a quantity
of petroleum equal to the difference between the cross sectional areas of the
larger and smaller parts of the central rod multiplied by its stroke.
When the speed increases the spring of the weight yields and the weight by
being applied against the surface of the box closes the orifice therein during
the whole of the suction operation; as a consequence of this, the atmospheric
pressure being no longer exerted upon the upper face of the piston, the said
piston does not descend and the distribution of petroleum ceases until the normal
velocity is resumed.
The piston can be replaced by a diaphragm of any suitable material connected
to the central rod and producing the same result as the piston.
Dated th
7 1000
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London,
Agents for the Applicants.

page_text: and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement:
Our invention relates to an automatic petroleum feed device applicable
to all explosion motors wherein the cycle comprises a suction period either in
the motor cylinder or in a separate cylinder designed to prepare the explosive
mixture.
To form an explosive mixture the combustion of which shall be complete, it
is necessary to introduce into the presence of a given quantity of air a deter-
mined quantity of petroleum and it is the object of our invention to provide
means for obtaining this result.
In the majority of motors the carburation of the air is effected by drawing
petroleum through an exceedingly small orifice (about half a millimetre in
diameter) which opens into the tube through which the air flows to the cylinder.
It will be easily understood that the petroleum is projected in a quantity which
increases with the degree of the partial vacuum created in the tube during the
suction stroke, that is to say, it increases with the tenuity of the air and conversely
it is projected very feebly if the air flows in excess. It is clear that, the principle
of these apparatuses is faulty and in complete contradiction to the object desired
as their mode of operation causes the air and petroleum to mix together in an
inversely proportional manner. Their regulation can only be effected within
limits which are very restricted and difficult to attain. For this reason petroleum
motors in unskilled hands spread such a disagreeable odour which odour results
from the faulty proportions of the air and petroleum admitted to the cylinder.
And it is for this reason also that their power has been designated uncertain.
In the accompanying drawing,
Figure 1 is a vertical section of an apparatus for supplying oil to explosion
engines constructed according to our invention, and
Figure 2 is an elevation partly in section drawn to a smaller scale than, and
at right angles to, the section Figure 1, the apparatus being shown applied to
a suitable motor, and the section illustrating a part hereinafter described which
is subjected to the more or less rapid action of the motor and determines the
operation of the petroleum injector.
The apparatus comprises a cylinder A in which a very light piston B can
freely move, the said piston being guided by a central rod C. At its upper
part this rod passes through a plug D screwed into the cover E and provided
with a milled head F which enables it to be screwed more or less deeply into
the cover E and to thereby vary the distance which separates it from a nut V
upon the upper end of the rod Č; a spring H serves to hold it in any position
which it is caused to assume.
At its lower part the rod C is formed in two parts a and b of different diameters
and these two parts of the rod are separated by a conical portion I forming a
valve which seats upon a socket portion J forming the bottom of the cylinder.
A spring K tends to bring the valve to its seat. The end or smaller part b
of the rod is formed with a central hole into which open small transverse holes g.
A short tube L is formed on the cylinder A and communicates with it through
an aperture M. This tube L is provided at its ends with two oval flanges N, N
by means of which the apparatus is interposed in the air inlet pipe of the motor
cylinder. A pin valve P is pressed by a spring -R against a hole or passage g
which connects a spacer with the said tube L; the lift of this valve is small and
is limited by a stop Q.
A sheet of fine wire gauze S is provided through which the petroleum passes
before being utilized, in order that it may be freed from any impurities which
it may contain.
A screwed projection T allows of the reservoir containing
the petroleum being placed in communication with the apparatus.
B (Figure 2) is a weight pivoted at C¹ and revolving around the centre (
in a cylindrical box Z. The weight B is operated by a gear wheel X which
gears with
wheel X¹ the diameters of the two wheels X and X¹ being such

page_text: that the weight B turns with a velocity half as great as that of the motor.
Under the action of centrifugal force the weight 13₁ applies itself against the
concentric fixed surface A¹ of the box so as to close an orifice z during the
suction stroke of the motor. A spring R¹ opposes its action to that of the
centrifugal force and so long as the normal velocity is not departed from.
maintains the outer surface of the weight B' at about one millimetre from
the said surface A¹.
The operation of the apparatus is as follows, The petroleum coming from any
suitable reservoir enters the apparatus through the inlet T, passes through the
filter S, flows through the central hole formed in the end 6 of the rod, thence
through the holes 9 therein so as to fill the space U around the rod and then
stops under the valve I. When the suction stroke of the motor commences,
the draught of air from the cylinder creates in the short tube L a partial
vacuum which extends through the aperture M therein under the piston B of
the apparatus and, as the upper face of the said piston is in communication
with the atmosphere through, t, t, 2 the piston is forced downwards by the
difference of pressure on its two faces and carries with it the rod C which is
fixed thereto. This movement of the piston is limited by the contact of the
nut with the screwed plug D which is adjustable, as above described. As
soon as the rod C commences its movement, the valve I thereon leaves its seat
and the small holes g therein are closed by the bush y in which it slides; the
petroleum contained in the space U around the rod is displaced by the plunger a,
or larger part of the end of the rod, rises above the valve I, forces back the pin
valve P so as to uncover the hole or passage q and, in a finely divided condition,
reaches the air current which is at this moment flowing through the short tube
or cylinder L so as to form with it the explosive charge. At the end of the
suction stroke, the spring K returns the rod C to its initial position. At each
flow of air into the motor cylinder, that is to say, only when the normal velocity
is not exceeded, the apparatus projects into the short tube L a quantity of
petroleum equal to the difference between the cross sectional areas of the larger
and smaller parts a and b of the central rod multiplied by its stroke.
When the speed increases the spring R¹ of the weight 11 yields and the
weight by being applied against the surface A' of the box Z closes the orifice z
therein during the whole of the suction; as a consequence of this, the atmo-
spheric pressure being no longer exerted upon the upper face of the piston B,
the said piston does not descend and the distribution of petroleum entirely ceases
until the normal velocity is resumed.
The piston B can be replaced by a diaphragm of any suitable material con-
nected to the central rod C and producing the same effect as the piston.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is:-
1. An automatic petroleum injector for explosion engines wherein petroleum
is only admitted to the air current passing to the cylinders of the motor when
the normal velocity is not exceeded, and wherein a mass or weight revolves
with the motor and is designed when the normal velocity is exceeded to close
communication between the atmosphere and a space above a piston or diaphragm,
a space beneath the said piston or diaphragm communicating with the suction,
substantially as set forth.
2. In automatic petroleum injectors of the kind described in Claim 1, the
arrangement of the piston upon a rod of smaller diameter below than above
the valve, so that a portion of the petroleum contained in the space below the
valve can escape in the form of spray into the air passage during the suction
stroke if the piston and the valve above described are lowered, substantially
as set forth.
3. In an automatic petroleum injector the arrangement at the upper part of

page_text: the piston rod of a nut adapted to come into contact with an adjustable screw
thread and plug which allows of the descent of the piston, and, consequently,
of the valve being regulated in order to regulate the quantity of petroleum
drawn into the air passage, substantially as set forth.
4. In an automatic petroleum injector the arrangement between the air tube
and the passage communicating with the space above the valve of a small pin
valve controlled by a spring and the play of which is limited by a stop, sub-
stantially as set forth.
Dated the 4th day of January 1800