IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESERVING MEAT
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Theodor Deiclimann, of Cologue, at present
residing at 8, Chester Street, Belgrave Square, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESERVING MEAT." A communication from
of Cleane
-
Sealed the 22nd December 1869, and dated the 23rd October 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Theodor Deichmann at
the Office of the Commissioners. of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 23rd October 1869.
I, THEODOR DEICHMANN, of Cologne, at present residing at 8,
Chester Street, Belgrave Square, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESERVING MEAT," to be as
follows:-
The
This Invention consists in the application of the oil expressed from
the corns of grapes or similar oil to the preservation of meat.
meat to be preserved is wetted with the oil, and is then allowed to
dry.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Theodor Deichmann in the Great Seal Patent
on the 23rd April 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THEODOR
DEICHMANN, of Cologne, at present residing at 8, Chester Street,
Belgrave Square, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of October, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-
third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Theodor Deichmann, Her special licence
that I, the said Theodor Deichmann, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Theodor Deichmann, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein ex-
pressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESERVING MEAT," a
communication to me from abroad by Ferdinand Cassel, of Cologne,
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Theodor Deichmann,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my,
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in
the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Theodor Deichmann, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, that is to say:―
This Invention consists in the application of the oil expressed from
the corns of grapes to the preservation of meat. For this purpose the
meat is cut into pieces, and the pieces are coated externally with the
oil. The oil may be applied in various ways, and the meat may be
prepared in various ways before the oil is applied to it.
It is, however, preferred to proceed as follows:-In the case of
animals they should be killed by bleeding them, that is to say, by

page_text: letting the blood run away through a cut; to kill the animals by
striking them will be less advisable. The bones should then be cut out
and the flesh divided into small pieces of about 10 to 12 lbs., or smaller,
just as is convenient. The fat is also cut away as much as possible,
although it is not necessary to entirely get rid of it. The said pieces
are then wrapped separately in linen or pieces of cotton, in which they
are allowed to stay for from 7 to 12 hours, according to their size, until
the flesh is perfectly dry on the outside, and till no more moisture is
coming from the surface. Then the pieces are strung up separately on
cords, and are coated everywhere and very carefully with the oil, the
thinner the better. The best way of applying the oil is with a painter's
brush, but it may be done also by dipping the pieces into the oil. In
stringing the piece up on the cord the needle and the cord ought to be
well wetted with the oil for the purpose of preserving the place where
the hole has been made. After having been coated with the oil the
pieces are hung up in a dry and lofty airy place without touching each
other, and are allowed to dry for from one to three weeks, according
to the climate and temperature. As soon as the pieces have a hard
surface or crust all around them, during which process they generally
get a whitish colour and lose about 20 to 25% of their weight, they are
ready to be packed into boxes and to be sent anywhere, and they will
keep in any climate for a great length of time. During the preparation
and the drying of the flesh all insects and flies so dangerous to every
kind of meat have to be kept away.
To cook meat preserved in the manner above described it should first
be laid for some time in fresh water either for one or two days for the
purpose of softening or dissolving the crust, which crust may be eaten
just as well as the rest. The longer the meat has been preserved the
longer it. should lay in fresh water; and it will be very advisable also
to put it for some minutes into boiling water before roasting it.
To procure the oil different modes may be adopted. I will however
explain two modes by which the oil may be obtained. The corns of the
grapes are first ground to a fine powder; the oil may then be obtained
either by extracting it chemically or merely by expressing it. For the
purpose of expressing the oil the meal has to be moistened with warm
water, and heated for one hour for the purpose of dissolving the woody
parts which surround and contain the oil; after which the meal may be
pressed in any well-known manner of oil pressing. The oil at first runs

page_text: off clear and clean, but the last oil contains much slime, which if
allowed to stand will settle down after a time.
For the purpose of extracting the oil chemically the best way will
be to adopt the well-known apparatus of Mr. Löwenberg, and which is
so well known that I do not consider it necessary to give a full descrip-
tion of it. It will be sufficient if I say that the extraction with this
apparatus is made by the means of sulphuric ether (C, H, O) or
bi-sulphide of carbon (C S₂).
Both of the means above described of procuring the oil have their
advantages.
By expressing, the oil is obtained directly and very little colored,
but this method does not give much oil, and the last oil expressed.
contains much slime, which will separate itself only by settling down
slowly.
By the other mode of extraction nearly all the oil existing in the
corns is obtained, but the oil is very darkly colored, nevertheless it is
clean and free of all slime.
Having thus described the Invention, and the manner of carrying it
practically into effect, I would have it understood that I claim under this
Patent,-
1. The exclusive right of coating meat with the oil obtained from the
corns of grapes in order to preserve it.
2. The exclusive right of selling meat so prepared.
In witness whereof, I, the said Theodor Deichmann, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Thirty-first day of March, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.
THI DEICHMANN