Improvements in or connected with Flying Machines provided with Aerostats.
Year: 1897

page_text: PROVIDIONAL DIMITIVATION
Improvements in or connected with Flying Machines provided with
Aerostats.
I, CONSTANTIN DANILEVSKY, of the Hydropathic Institute, Veterinary. Street,
Kharkow, in the Empire of Germany, Doctor of Medicine, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:
My invention relates to a flying apparatus the principle of which consists in
that a man, having taken his place in the apparatus and using his muscular force,
can elevate himself in the air to any convenient height and descend to the earth
an indefinite number of times without throwing ballast and without liberating
gas, and all this whilst retaining the faculty of guiding his flight in any desired
direction and of changing that direction.
The apparatus consists of two principal parts, first a balloon proper and second
a wing actuating mechanism.
The apparatus is represented in the accompanying drawings, of which
Figure 1 is a side elevation of the balloon proper.
Figure 2 a plan view of the fore part of the balloon.
Figure 3 a cross section of the balloon on the line A-B of Figure 1.
Figure 4 is a side elevation and a cross section of the hem or slide loop and the
suspension bar.
Figure 5 is a front view of the flying mechanism.
Figure 6 is a horizontal section of the pivot on which the wings turn.
Figure 7 is a plan view of the flying mechanism.
Figures 8 and 8 represent transverse sections of a wing as taken on the
line cd of Figure 7, the two figures showing respectively the wing in its flattened
and in its bent position.
Figure is a detail view of a wing stop.
Figure 10 is a side elevation of the mechanism.
Figures 11 and 12 are perspective views of the apparatus shown with the
aeronaut thereon and in different positions.
The balloon which is made of silk or other tissue practically impermeable to gas
is filled with hydrogen or illuminating gas. It has the form of a cylinder or other
suitable figure and is terminated by an edge in the form of a basil (as shown in
Figures 1 and 2) or of a cone or the like. The dimensions and capacity of the
balloon are determined by the weight of the aeronaut and of the apparatus. The
balloon is covered by a housing furnished at the bottom with a hem or slide
loop through which passes the suspension bar c, d (see Figures 1, 3 and 4). The
housing is firmly attached to the balloon along the line a-b (Figures 1 and 3)
by means of a wide and strong fold of the material of which the housing consists.
At the two points f, g of the suspension bar are fixed the two ends of a strong
curved rod forming an arc of large radius and fixed under the suspension bar.
On this curved rod runs a pulley e (Figure 1) furnished with a hook to which is

page_text: suspended by two cords k, k (Figures 1 and 10) the rest of the apparatus and
bearing the aeronaut who is placed in a saddle as close as possible to the balloon.
One of the cords & is attached to the saddle M (Figures 10 and 7) above which it
is divided into two branches forming a fork filled in with silk trellis work Z,
(Figure 5) which serves as a back band. The other cord k is fixed to a winch j
(Figures 5 and 10) and it may be rolled on this last or unrolled therefrom by
means of a winch handle. The winch j is fixed to the upper part of a frame h
(Figures 5 and 10) curved to a right angle at its lower extremity and forming the
saddle M (see Figures 7 and 10).
At P (Figures 5 and 10) are pivotted on the frame two levers F, F curved
backwards in such manner as to permit the aeronaut seated below on the saddle M,
to support his elbows and with them work the levers. These levers are furnished
at their extremities with rods penetrating the tubular ends of the main arms of
the two wings A, B (Figures 5 and 7). The main arm E passing through the
centre of each wing is made of bamboo, pepper-cane or the like. It is not formed
of a single piece but of a number of joints x, x (Figure 9) attached together by
spring hinges, which permits the said main arms to be bent in one direction only
and that during the upward movement of the wing. Each hinge is furnished
with a simple spring u, u tending to straighten the arm. Throughout the length
of the wing and at certain distances apart are rigidly attached the transverse
rods Q, Q (Figure 7), of leather or other convenient flexible material. Silk tissue
is stretched over these rods whilst the wing is covered above the same by silk
fillet (Figure 7). During the upward movement of the wing the main arm
bends as is seen at the left of Figure 5 and lowers the side rods (Figure 8³). On
the other hand when the wing is descending the main arm straightens, as is
seen in the right wing of Figure 5 and the side rods extend throughout the surface
of the wing as shown in Figure 8. In order to keep the wing extended to a given
concavity, the free ends of the cross rods Q are bound together by rubber or other
tie cords R (Figure 8) which prevent the wings from being bent in the wrong
direction. The dimensions of the wings and the extent of their active surface
may be varied to correspond with the muscular force of the aeronaut. The two
wings are supported not far from their pivots on the two extremities of the spring t
(Figure 5) curved to the arc of a circle and held in a socket n (Figures 5 and 10)
which can slide on the rod h of the frame and be fixed at the desired height
thereon by means of a binding screw. The said spring is just strong enough to
raise the two wings. At the place where the extremity of the tubular rod or main
arm of the wing reaches the lever F a ratchet wheel m is mounted upon the said
lever (Figures 5, and 7) whilst upon the main arm is pivotted a click by means
of which the wings can be turned and fixed at any desired inclination as shown
by dotted lines at Q, R (Figure 10), the said angle being determined by the
position of the click on the ratchet wheel.
Each lever F is furnished at its extremity with a cord 1, 2 terminated by a
stirrup 3, 4 (see Figure 5) in which the aeronaut inserts his feet. The points of
attachment of the said cords may be altered to suit the length of leg of and the
muscular force possessed by the aeronaut.
The wings, throughout their angular movement limited by the lines NT, NT,
(Figure 5) may be fixed in any desired position by means of plugs passing through
openings in the disc of the pivot P (see Figure 5).
To avoid vibration of the balloon a special arrangement has been devised for
the automatic displacement of the centre of gravity of the aeronaut in a fore
and aft direction. To this end, to the pulley e (Figure 1) which serves to suspend
the apparatus and aeronaut, is fixed a cord 9 which passes by a pulley d fixed to
the suspension bar and descends to the saddle, passes underneath this latter, round
the pulleys o, o (Figure 10) backwards and reascends to the pulley c (Figure 1)
fixed to the rear end of the suspension bar, and returns to the pulley e to which it is
attached, the latter part of the cord that is between the saddle and the pulley e
being lettered in the drawings. At i (Figures 5 and 10) the cord q is held by a

page_text: clip attached to the frame. When the oscillation raises the front part of the
balloon the pulley e (Figure 1) is displaced and the cord is held at i. A similar
action takes place when the rear end of the balloon ascends and displaces the
centre of gravity in the opposite direction. This arrangement enables the axis
of the balloon to be fixed at any desired inclination to the horizon either for the
purpose
of ascent or of descent. In this way the aeronaut by pulling upon the
cord 9 can displace the centre of gravity so as to incline the balloon to any given
angle and the balloon is then fixed in this position by the grip of the cord q in
the clip i.
At the lower part of the balloon is a safety valve s furnished with a spring
tending to keep it closed. By means of a cord s¹ the valve can be opened at will.
Before ascending the aeronaut with the actuating apparatus should be carefully
balanced. For this purpose the ascensional power of the balloon should be
slightly less than that required for the weight of the apparatus and the aeronaut.
There then remains a surplusage of weight to be removed or overcome.
The
amount of this surplusage should be such that it can be easily overcome by the
muscular force of the aeronaut. During repose therefore the apparatus has no
balance of ascensional power and it rests upon the ground by virtue of this surplus-
age of weight. To commence his ascent the aeronaut should travel a certain
distance, along the ground mounted upon the stilts y, (Figures 11 and 12) and
having thus developed a certain power in working his hands and feet, he will rise
in the air by a few strokes of the wings. Once elevated in the air he no longer
works except with his feet. In relaxing the movement of the wings the aeronaut
may maintain his flight at a given elevation by virtue of the so-called dynamic
equilibrium and by ceasing to move the wings altogether he will descend to the
ground. This descent may be made either vertically or on a line inclined to the
horizon. In the latter case the wings are suitably inclined by means of the
handle m (see Figure 10) to a given angle and fixed in position by means of
clicks. At the same time the axis of the balloon is given a suitable inclination
as hereinbefore described. If the aeronaut wishes to incline himself forward he
operates the winch handle lengthening the cord of suspension k. He thus
changes the inclination of the whole frame with its actuated parts to any angle
up to ninety degrees with respect to the horizon.
Having attained a certain altitude and wishing to move rapidly forward the
aeronaut may incline the frame and his own body, as shown in Figure 11. By
inclining himself to an angle of forty-five degrees he will move himself simul-
taneously forwards and upwards.
By moving sometimes one wing and sometimes the other and by placing the
wings at different angles the aeronaut can perform a wide variety of evolutions
in the air changing his direction at will and descending at any desired spot.
Daind this 99nd dort of natahan 1907
J. G. LORRAIN,
Norfolk House, Victoria Embankment, London, W.C.,
Filing Agent.
Improvements in or connected with Flying Machines provided with
Aerostats.
I, CONSTANTIN DANILEVSKY, of the Hydropathic Institute, Veterinary Street,
Kharkow, in the Empire of Russia, Doctor of Medicine, do hereby declare the

page_text: nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention relates to a flying apparatus the principle of which consists in
that a man, having taken his place in the apparatus and using his muscular force,
can elevate himself in the air to any convenient height and descend to the earth
an indefinite number of times without throwing ballast and without liberating
gas, and all this whilst retaining the faculty of guiding his flight in any desired
direction and of changing that direction.
The 'apparatus consists of two principal parts, first a balloon proper and second
a wing actuating mechanism.
The apparatus is represented in the drawings left with my Provisional Specifica-
tion, in which
Figure 1 is a side elevation of the balloon proper.
Figure 2 is a plan view of the fore part of the balloon.
Figure 3 a cross section of the balloon on the line A-B of Figure 1.
Figure 4 is a side elevation and a cross section of the hem or slide loop and the
suspension bar.
Figure 5 is a front view of the flying mechanism..
Figure 6 is a horizontal section of the pivot on which the wings turn.
Figure 7 is a plan view of the flying mechanism.
Figures 8 and 8" represent transverse sections of a wing as taken on the
line cd of Figure 7, the two figures showing respectively the wing in its flattened
and in its bent position.
Figure 9 is a detail view of a wing stop.
Figure 10 is a side elevation of the mechanism.
Figures 11 and 12 are perspective views of the apparatus shown with the
aeronaut thereon and in different positions.
The balloon which is made of silk or other tissue practically impermeable to gas
is filled with hydrogen or illuminating gas. It has the form of a cylinder or other
suitable figure and is terminated by an edge in the form of a basil (as shown in
Figures 1 and 2) or of a cone or the like. The dimensions and capacity of the
balloon are determined by the weight of the aeronaut and of the apparatus. The
balloon is covered by a housing furnished at the bottom with a hem or slide
loop through which passes the suspension bar c, d (see Figures 1, 3 and 4). The
housing is firmly attached to the balloon along the line a-b (Figures 1 and 3)
by means of a wide and strong fold of the material of which the housing consists.
At the two points f, g of the suspension bar are fixed the two ends of a strong
curved rod forming an arc of large radius and fixed under the suspension bar.
On this curved rod runs a pulley e (Figure 1) furnished with a hook to which is
suspended by two cords k, k (Figures 1 and 10) the rest of the apparatus and
bearing the aeronaut who is placed in a saddle as close as possible to the balloon.
One of the cords is attached to the saddle M (Figures 10 and 7) above which it
is divided into two branches forming a fork filled in with silk trellis work Z,
(Figure 5) which serves as a back band. The other cord k is fixed to a winch
(Figures 5 and 10) and it may be rolled on this last or unrolled therefrom by
means of a winch handle. The winch j is fixed to the upper part of a frame h
(Figures 5 and 10) curved to a right angle at its lower extremity and forming the
saddle M (see Figures 7 and 10).
At P (Figures 5 and 10) are pivotted on the frame two levers F, F curved
backwards in such manner as to permit the aeronaut seated below on the saddle M,
to support his elbows and with them work the levers. These levers are furnished
at their extremities with rods penetrating the tubular ends of the main arms of
the two wings A, B (Figures 5 and 7). The main arm E passing through the
centre of each wing is made of bamboo, pepper-cane or the like. It is not formed
of a single piece but of a number of joints, (Figure 9) attached together by
spring hinges, which permits the said main arms to be bent in one direction only

page_text: and that during the upward movement of the wing. Each hinge is furnished
with a simple spring u, u tending to straighten the arm. Throughout the length
of the wing and at certain distances apart are rigidly attached the transverse
rods Q, Q (Figure 7) of leather or other convenient flexible material. Silk tissue
is stretched over these rods whilst the wing is covered above the same by silk
fillet (Figure 7). During the upward movement of the wing the main arm
bends as is seen at the left of Figure 5 and lowers the side rods (Figure 8). On
the other hand when the wing is descending the main arm straightens, as is
seen in the right wing of Figure 5 and the side rods extend throughout the surface
of the wing as shown in Figure 8. In order to keep the wing extended to a given
concavity, the free ends of the cross rods Q are bound together by rubber or other
tie cords R (Figure 8) which prevent the wings from being bent in the wrong
direction. The dimensions of the wings and the extent of their active surface
may be varied to correspond with the muscular force of the aeronaut. The two
wings are supported not far from their pivots on the two extremities of the spring t
(Figure 5) curved to the arc of a circle and held in a socket n (Figures 5 and 10)
which can slide on the rod h of the frame and be fixed at the desired height
thereon by means of a binding screw. The said spring is just strong enough to
raise the two wings. At the place where the extremity of the tubular rod or main
arm of the wing reaches the lever F a ratchet wheel m is mounted upon the said
lever (Figures 5 and 7) whilst upon the main arm is pivotted a click by means
of which the wings can be turned and fixed at any desired inclination as shown
by dotted lines at Q, R (Figure 10), the said angle being determined by the
position of the click of the ratchet wheel.
Each lever F is furnished at its extremity with a cord 1, 2 terminated by a
stirrup 3, 4 (see Figure 5) in which the aeronaut inserts his feet. The points of
attachment of the said cords may be altered to suit the length of leg of and the
muscular force possessed by the aeronaut.
The wings, throughout their angular movement limited by the lines NT, NT,
(Figure 5) may be fixed in any desired position by means of plugs passing through
openings in the disc of the pivot P (see Figure 5).
To avoid vibration of the balloon a special arrangement has been devised for
the automatic displacement of the centre of gravity of the aeronaut in a fore
and aft direction. To this end, to the pulley e (Figure 1) which serves to suspend
the apparatus and aeronaut, is fixed a cord q which passes by a pulley d fixed to
the suspension bar and descends to the saddle, passes underneath this latter, round
the pulleys o, o (Figure 10) backwards and reascends to the pulley c (Figure 1).
Fixed to the rear end of the suspension bar, and returns to the pulley e to which
it is attached, the latter part of the cord that is between the saddle and the pulley e
being lettered in the drawings. At i (Figures 5 and 10) the cord 9 is held by a
clip attached to the frame. When the oscillation raises the front part of the
A similar
balloon the pulley e (Figure 1) is displaced and the cord is held at i.
action takes place when the rear end of the balloon ascends and displaces the
centre of gravity in the opposite direction. This arrangement enables the axis
of the balloon to be fixed at any desired inclination to the horizon either for the
purpose of ascent or of descent. In this way the aeronaut by pulling upon the
cord q can displace the centre of gravity so as to incline the balloon to any given
angle and the balloon is then fixed in this position by the grip of the cord g in
the clip i.
At the lower part of the balloon is a safety valves furnished with a spring
tending to keep it closed. By means of a cord s¹ the valve can be opened at will.
Before ascending the aeronaut with the actuating apparatus should be carefully
balanced. For this purpose the ascensional power of the balloon should be
slightly less than that required for the weight of the apparatus and the aeronaut.
There then remains a surplusage of weight to be removed or overcome.
amount of this surplusage should be such that it can be easily overcome by the
muscular force of the aeronaut. During repose therefore the apparatus has no
The

page_text: balance of ascensional power and it rests upon the ground by virtue of this surplus-
age of weight. To commence his ascent the aeronaut should travel a certain
distance along the ground mounted on the stilts y, (Figures 11 and 12) and
having thus developed a certain power in working his hands and feet, he will raise
in the air by a few strokes of the wings. Once elevated in the air he no longer
works except with his feet. In relaxing the movement of the wings the aeronaut
may maintain his flight at a given elevation by virtue of the so-called dynamic
equilibrium and by ceasing to move the wings altogether he will descend to the
ground. This descent may be made either vertically or on a line inclined to the
horizon. In the latter case the wings are suitably inclined by means of the
handle m (see Figure 10) to a given angle and fixed in position by means of
clicks. At the same time the axis of the balloon is given a suitable inclination
as hereinbefore described. If the aeronaut wishes to incline himself forward he
operates the winch handle; lengthening the cord of suspension, k. He thus
changes the inclination of the whole frame with its actuated parts to any angle
up to ninety degrees with respect to the horizon.
Having attained a certain altitude and wishing to move rapidly forward the
aeronaut may incline the frame and his own body, as shown in Figure 11. By
inclining himself to an angle of forty-five degrees he will move himself simul-
taneously forwards and upwards.
By moving sometimes one wing and sometimes the other and by placing the
wings at different angles the aeronaut can perform a wide variety of evolutions
in the air changing his direction at will and descending at any desired spot.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1. In a flying machine provided with an aerostat the combination of housing
and suspension bar substantially as set forth.
2. In a flying machine provided with an aerostat the arrangement for effecting
the automatic fore and aft displacement of the centre of gravity.
3. In a flying machine provided with an aerostat the arrangement for fixing the
longitudinal axis of the balloon at any desired angle with the horizon.
4. In a flying machine provided with an aerostat the means for altering the
angular position of the aeronaut and of the wings with respect to the horizon.
5. The arrangement and construction of parts constituting a combined flying
machine and aerostat substantially as set forth.
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