CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RAILWAY WHEELS AND TYRES."
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Josiah Penton and James Mackay, of Chippenham,
in the County of Wilts, Engineers, for the Invention of " CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RAILWAY WHEELS AND TYRES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Josiah Penton and James
Mackay at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 12th May 1854....
We, JOSIAH PENTON and JAMES MACKAY, of Chippenham, in the County_of
Wiltshire, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RAILWAY WHEELS AND TYRES"
to consist in forming a wrought-iron skeleton wheel, or a wheel with
wrought-iron spokes and cast-iron boss, in two parts, each having an angular
projection on its periphery. Upon the inside of the tyre is formed a pro-
jecting rib or feather of an angular form, which exactly fits into the groove
produced by the two angular projections of the two sides of the skeleton
wheel. The two sides of the wheel being brought together, with the tyre in
its place, are fastened by bolts, which secures the tyre to the wheel, so as to
prevent any part of it from flying off in case of fracture, and at the same
time presents great facility for repairing or reconstructing-the-wheel.-
i

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Josiah Penton and James Mackay in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 10th November 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOSIAH
PENTON and JAMES MACKAY, of Chippenham, in the County of Wiltshire,
Engineers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twelfth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the seventeenth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
Josiah Penton and James Mackay, Her special licence that we, the said
Josiah Penton and James Mackay, our executors, administrators,, and assigns,
or such others as we, the said Josiah Penton and James Mackay, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
RAILWAY WHEELS AND TYRES," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the
said Josiah Penton and James Mackay, by an instrument in writing under our
hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us, should particularly
.describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Josiah Penton and James Mackay,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
Our Invention consists in forming a wrought-iron wheel, or a wheel with
wrought-iron spokes and cast-iron boss, in two parts, each having an angular
projection on its periphery. Upon the inside of the tyre is formed a pro-
jecting rib or feather of an angular form, which exactly fits into the groove
produced by the two angular projections of the two sides of the wheel. The
two sides of the wheel being brought together, with the tyre in its place, arc
fastened by bolts, which secures the tyre to the wheel, so as to prevent any
part of it from flying off in case of fracture, and at the same time presents
great facility for repairing or reconstructing the wheel.

page_text: And in order that the same may be more fully understood, reference is had
to the following statement and Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the letters
and figures marked thereon, that is to say:-Figure 1 is a side or front eleva-
tion of part of a solid wrought-iron double-spoke railway carriage wheel, three
feet six inches in diameter. The spokes, which are arranged in pairs imme-
diately behind each other, are welded at one end to a central boss or naye, and
at the other end to an inner tyre; Figure 2 is an edge section of the same.
Figure 3 is a side elevation in part, and Figure 4 an edge section, of a similar
wrought-iron double-spoke railway wheel; only that the spokes, instead of
being arranged in pairs opposite to each other, are placed alternately midway
between each other. The same letters refer to similar parts in each of these
Figures. A, A, are the spokes; B, the central boss or nave; C, the inner
tyre welded to the spokes A, A, its periphery being turned cylindrical with an
angular projection d, on one of its edges. E is the outer flanged tyre, turned
with an interior angular projection or rib e¹, which fits into and tightly
embraces the inner tyre C of the wheel; the dovetail or angular space on one
side of e', exactly fitting the projection d of the inner tyre. The other part
of the wheel consists of a turned wrought-iron ring f, f, having an angular
projection d' on its outer edge, corresponding to the projection d, upon the
inner tyre of the wheel. The outer tyre E being slightly heated. and shrunk
upon the rim of the wheel C, the ring f, f, is brought up against it, and
fastened thereto by screw bolts and nuts, or rivets G, G, which secures the
tyre firmly to the wheel, and effectually prevents it from coming off even if
broken. Figure 5 is a front elevation in part, and Figure 6 an edge section,
of a solid wrought-iron single-spoke railway carriage wheel, with a wrought
or cast iron boss or nave. H, H, are the spokes; I, the central boss or nave;
J, the inner tyre, turned cylindrical on its periphery to receive the outer tyre,
and with two grooves sunk in its outside faces.to receive two rings L, L.
The flanged outer tyre K has an angular projection or rib k¹ on its interior
surface, which fits on to and tightly embraces the inner tyre of the wheel J.
L, L, are two turned wrought-iron rings, each of which has an angular pro-
jection m on its outer edge, corresponding to the angular spaces or dovetails
in the tyre K, . When the tyre K is slightly heated and shrunk upon the
wheel, the rings L, L, are placed one on each side thereof, and secured thereto
by screw bolts and nuts, or rivets G³, G. Figure 7 is a part front elevation,
and Figure 8 an edge section, of a wrought-iron back to back spoke railway
carriage wheel, to which the outer flanged tyre is applied and secured in
precisely the same manner as the preceding, as similar letters of reference
indicate; and we find this method highly advantageous for repairing or

page_text: reconstructing railway carriage wheels which have become worn in use. What
we claim as new and of our Invention is, the mode of constructing and of
repairing or reconstructing railway wheels and tyres, and of securely con-
nécting them together, in the manner herein-before described, and shewn in
the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, we, the said Josiah Penton and James Mackay,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Third day of November,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-
four.
Witness,
W. BADDELEY.
JOSIAH PENTON. (L.S.)
JAMES MACKAY. (L.S.)