IMPROVEMENTS IN HEWING OR GETTING COAL, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Wharton Burdon, of the Town and County
of the Town of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Esquire, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN HEWING OR GETTING COAL, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED
THEREIN,"
Sealed the 28th February 1865, and dated the 2nd September 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Wharton Burdon
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd September 1864.
I, WILLIAM WHARTON BURDON, of the Town and County of the Town of
Newcastle-upon-Tyne, Esquire, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HEWING OR GETTING COAL, AND IN APPARATUS
EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the employment of a hammer or piston, driven
by steam or air, to work upon a "jemmy" or pick by blows on the head, while
the pick or jemmy is held loose by a man or is attached to the piston, so as
to loosen the coal at top or bottom or sides, by clevating or lowering the
piston or frame on which it stands.
My Invention also consists in the employment of a saw, circular or hori-
zontal, and I work the same by steam or air, horizontally or perpendicularly
to the sides of the coal, or bottom or top thereof.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Wharton Burdon in the Great Seal l'atont Offico
on the 2nd March 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
WHARTON BURDON, of the Town and County of the Town of Newcastle-upon-
Tyne, Esquire, send greating.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Second day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-eighth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said William Wharton Burdon, Her special licence that I, the said
William Wharton Burdon, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as 1, the said William Wharton Burdon, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United King-
dom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man,
an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HEWING OR GETTING COAL, AND IN APPA-
RATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
William Wharton Burdon, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Wharton Burdon, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto
annexed, that is to say:-
This Invention consists in the employment of a hammer or piston, driven
by steam or air, to work upon a jemmy or pick by blows on the head, while
the pick or jemmy is held loose by a man or is attached to the piston, so as
to loosen the coal at top or bottom or sides by elevating or lowering the
piston or frame on which it stands.
My Invention also consists in the employment of a saw with two, three, or
more blades, worked by steam or air, horizontally or perpendicularly to the
sides of the coal, or bottom or top thereof.

page_text: Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings is a longitudinal section of a
cylinder a in which a piston b works; the front end of the piston rod c is pro-
vided with a hammer or head d, which, as the piston is propelled in front of
the cylinder, strikes against the head of a jemmy or pick e held loose by a
man. The cylinder is fed with steam or compressed air admitted at the port f;
g is the outlet port or exhaust.
Figure 2 represents a similar apparatus to that shewn in Figure 1, except
that the front end of the piston rod, instead of being caused to strike against
a jemmy or pick, is provided with a chisel or wedge-shaped tool h, which is
caused to strike against the face of the coal. The cylinder a in both arrange.
ments is mounted on a vertical threaded shaft i carried by a carriage j with
wheels to run on a tram or otherwise. The cylinder is free to be raised and
lowered, and also to be removed as the work proceeds. The jemmy or other
tool may either be caused to work horizontally, as shewn, or against the top
or bottom of the seam of coal.
Figure 3 is a plan, and Figure 4 a side elevation of a machine for cutting
coal according to the second part of my Invention. a, a, a, a¹, a¹, a¹, are
circular saw blades mounted horizontally, three near the upper end, and three
near the lower end of a vertical shaft b; either set of saw blades may be dis.
pensed with. The blades a, a, a, may be set at any desired distances apart,
and are fixed by keys passing through holes in the shaft b, as shewn; they
are, by preference, formed of different diameters, so as to cut the face of the
coal stepwise. The shaft bis worked by steam or compressed air admitted
into two cylinders c, c, the pistons d,d, of which are connected by rods e, e, to
cranks f,f, forming part of the shaft b. The cylinders c, c, and shaft bare
carried in a framing 9 mounted on rollers h, ; these rollers are furnished
with worm wheels i, i, geared into by worms j, j, on a shaft k, which receives
its motion by a belt passed over a pulley on the shaft b, as shown; or the
shaft : may be driven to toothed gearing connected with the shaft b or other-
wise. From the arrangement just described it will be understood that the
machine moves forward gradually by the rollers h, h, being caused to rotate,
and the saws are thereby enabled to continue the cut. 1, 1, are adjustable
rollers on the side of the machine to bear against the face of the coal and
prevent the machine becoming set; they also enable the breadth of cut to be
regulated. In some cases I mount the saw blades so as to work vertically;
that is to say, I mount them on a horizontal shaft. This arrangement will
be understood without further explanation or Drawing.
And having how described the nature of my said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim as my

page_text: "Improvements in Hewing or Getting Coal, and in Apparatus employed
therein,"
First, the employment of a piston or hammer, driven by stoam or air, and
caused to work upon a jemmy or pick or other tool, so as to loosen the coal,
at the top or bottom, or sides, by elevating or lowering the piston or the
frame on which it stands, all as herein-before described.
Second, the employment of saw blades, worked by steam orair horizontally
or perpendicularly, as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Wharton Burdon, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Second day of March, One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-five.
W. W. BURDON. (L.S.)