IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WHEELS FOR CARRIAGES
Year: 1852

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Macmillan Dunlop, of Manchester, in
the County of Lancaster, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WHEELS FOR CARRIAGES."
Sealed the 24th December 1852, and dated the 1st October 1852.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Macmillan
Dunlop at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 1st October 1852.
I, JOHN MACMILLAN DUNLOP, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WHEELS FOR
CARRIAGES" to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the combination of cast iron wheels with
india-rubber outer tyres. The wheels may be entirely of cast iron, or
the tyre only may be cast and put on to the wooden felloes in the usual
manner. In either case the iron casting would be made in the ordinary
manner, and then decarbonised and softened by the process of anneal-
ing, as is well understood. I prefer to cast a groove in the tyre, and to
spring a strong ring of india-rubber into the groove, the india-rubber,
projecting more or less beyond the cast iron.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Macmillan Dunlop in the Great Seal
Patent Office, on the 28th March 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
JOHN MACMILLAN DUNLOP, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the First day of October, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-two, in the sixteenth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said John Macmillan Dunlop. Her special licence
that I, the said John Macmillan Dunlop, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said John Macmillan Dunlop, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and the Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WHEELS FOR CARRIAGES," upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said John Macmillan
Dunlop, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office, within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Macmillan Dunlop, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement (that is to say):
My Invention consists in manufacturing the tyres of carriage wheels
of decarbonized or annealed cast iron, into which rings of vulcanized or
other compound of india-rubber are inserted; and in order that my
Invention may be fully understood, and readily carried into effect, I will
proceed to describe the means pursued by me, reference being had to

page_text: the annexed Drawing, in which, Figure 1, is a front view of the tyre of
a wheel; Figure 2, an end view of the same; and Figure 3, a section
of the tyre drawn full size. In these views a, is the tyre, made of
decarbonized or softened cast iron; the process of annealing or decar-
bonizing cast iron is well understood, and as it forms no part of my
Invention it is not necessary to explain it. The tyre is cast with a
groove to admit the ring of vulcanized (or any other compound of)
india-rubber b, which is kept in its place by the pins c, passing through
and projecting beyond the vulcanized india-rubber, and entering into
the recessed part of the groove in the tyre, as clearly represented in
Figure 3. I wish to observe, that the tyres may either be cast separate
as shewn in the Drawing, and put on to the wooden felloes of the
wheel in the usual manner, or the tyre may be cast with the nave and
spokes if the same should be found preferable.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and one mode of
carrying it into effect, I would have it understood that I make no claim
for the application of india-rubber rings to the tyres of wheels, as that
has before been done; but I do claim as of my Invention the combina-
tion of rings made of vulcanized or any other compound of india-rubber
with decarbonized or annealed cast iron tyres, as herein-beforedescribed,
or any modification thereof.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Macmillan Dunlop, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of March,
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.
JOHN M. DUNLOP. (L.S.)