CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MACHINERY FOR AND IN THE MANU PACTURE OF EARTHENWARE AND PLASTIC ARTICLES, AND IN THE PREPARATION OF CLAYS AND OTHER MATERIALS
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Henry Tooth of No: 4, South Street, in the
Parish of Southwark, in the County of Surrey, Engineer, for the Inven-
tion of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MACHINERY FOR AND IN THE MANU
PACTURE OF EARTHENWARE AND PLASTIC ARTICLES, AND IN THE PREPARATION OF
CLAYS AND OTHER MATERIALS
3
Sealed the 1st January 1856, and dated the 2nd July 1855...!
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Henry Tooth at
the Office of the Commissioners of 'Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd July 1855.
I, WILLIAM HENRY TOOTH, of No. 4, South Street, in the Parish of South-
wark, in the County of Surry, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said- Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MACHINERY FOR AND IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF EARTHENWARE AND PLASTIC ARTICLES, AND IN THE PREPARATION
OF CLAYS AND OTHER MATERIALS," to be as follows, that is to say:-
My improvements have reference to forcing clays through dods or dies to
make a series of holes with a single core of various shapes in bricks and
sewer blocks.and in making drain pipes and tiles and other articles of plastic
materials. This I accomplish by making the core of any desirable shape, so
as to make channels,slots, or grooves in the clay-as-it-passes past and around
the core by any pressure applied to-force it through the dies;and-by-tapering

page_text: either the whole or certain portions of the core off to a point, and by passing
the clay through a conical die around the core at suitable distances, so as
to cause the clay to be compressed into a smaller size than when it passes
the core, and sufficient to cause the partitions between the said grooves to
come in contact and unite with each other. I also cause vanes or screws to
be fixed on to either the main shaft, or shafts independent of the main shaft,
connected with a pug mill or chamber, as set forth in my Patent, dated Feb
8th, 1849, to force the clay through thedies, and cause the clay box or pug mill
case to be placed horizontally or otherwise, with knives so fixed as to cut the
clay from the sides and force it through the dies. I also cause rabbets or
groovesand projections to be made on the sewer blocks, either in clay, cement,
or other material, to form a bond. I also cause tiles to be made with a number
of grooves and ribs on the under side, so as to obtain strength with lightness,
by forcing them through dies without cores when made in clay, and by blow-
ing them in molds and pressing them by rollers and other pressure when
made in glass and other material, and also openings to be made in the clay
tiles to receive squares of glass. And air to be pumped out of vessels to cause
a vacuum on one side of sieve or wire gauze or lawn, on to which clays,ocres,
umbers, and other plastic materials have been placed, requiring to be sieved
fine for making plates,dishes,jugs, and other earthenware articles, so that the
atmosphere may press on the opposite surface and drive it through the
sieves, in addition to mode set forth in my Patent, dated Feby 8th, 1849. I
also cause clay to be forced through the dies to make chimney-piece jambs,
so as to make two jambs at one time, connected by a thin portion of clay on
each side to prevent them from 'warping in the process of burning, and to
place on the bottom of them an iron shoe or guard, to prevent them from
being chipped by the fenders or anything striking them; and presses to be
made with cores and dies to form them in glass with projections and orna-
ments. I also cause my kilns to be built the shape of a ring,so that the heat
may be made use of to dry goods in its progress from the kilns. I also cause
the backs and sides of stove grates to be made of fine clay, glazed, to reflect
the heat; and instead of fire bars being fitted in,as at present, I cause a vessel
to be made resembling a goblet, with hollow or solid partition, to stand on a
foot on the hearth, or to be fastened to the back or sides of the stove facing.
And to make water-closets, as set forth in my Patent, dated Feb 8th, 1849,
I cause presses to be made to force clay and other materials into dies or
molds to form traps and plugs,and lathes with suitable shafts, leavers, bars,and
rubbers to grind the same,so as to make them perfectly airtight, and to prevent
any effluvia arising therefrom.

page_text: Having now described the nature of my Invention, I wish it to be dis-
tinctly understood that I do not confine myself to the precise details herein
contained, so long as I keep within the general description herein set forth.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Henry Tooth in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 2nd January 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
HENRY TOOTH, of No. 4, South Street, in the Parish of Southwark, in the
County of Surry, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Second day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the nineteenth year of Her reign
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
William Henry Tooth, Her special licence that I, the said William Henry
Tooth, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
William Henry Tooth, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the terin therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVE
MENTS IN THE MACHINERY FOR AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF EARTHENWARE. AND
PLASTIC ARTICLES, AND IN THE PREPARATION OF CLAYS AND OTHER MATERIALS,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said William Henry Tooth,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Henry Tooth, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say:-
My improvements have reference to forcing clays through dods or dies to
make a series of holes with a single core of various shapes in bricks and sewer
blocks, and in making drain pipes and tiles and other articles of plastic.

page_text: material. This 1 accomplish by making the core of any desirable shape so as
to make channels, slots, or grooves in the clay as it passes past and around
the core by any pressure applied to force it through the dies, and by tapering
either the whole or certain portions of the core off to a point, and by passing
the clay through a conical die around the core at suitable distances, so as to
cause the clay to be compressed into a smaller size than when it passes the
core, and sufficient to cause the partitions between the said grooves to come
in contact and unite with each other. I also cause vanes or screws to be
fixed on to either the main shaft, or shafts independent of the main shaft, con-
nected with a pug mill, as set forth in my Patent, dated February the Eighth,
One thousand eight hundred and forty-nine, to force the clay through the dies,
and cause the clay box or pug mill case to be placed horizontally or otherwise,
with knives so fixed as to cut the clay from the sides and force it through the
dies. I also cause rabbets or grooves and projections to be made on the sewer
blocks, either in clay, cement, or other material, to form a bond. I also cause
tiles to be made with a number of grooves and ribs on the under side, so as to
obtain strength with lightness, by forcing them through dies without cores
when made in clay, and by blowing them in moulds and pressing them by
rollers and other pressure when made in glass and other material, and also
openings to be made in the clay tiles to receive squares of glass. And air
to be pumped out of vessels to cause a vacuum on one side of sieve or wire
gauze or lawn, on to which clays, ochres, umbers, and others plastic mate-
rials have been placed, requiring to be sieved fine for making dishes, plates,
jugs, and other earthenware articles, so that the atmosphere may press on
the opposite surface, and drive it through the sieves, in addition to mode
set forth in my Patent, dated February the Eighth, One thousand eight
hundred and forty-nine. I also cause clay to be forced through.dies-to
make chimney-piece jambs, so as to make two jambs at one time, connected
by a thin portion of clay on each side, to prevent them from warping in the
process of burning, and to place on the bottom of them an iron shoe or guard
to prevent them from being chipped by the fender or anything striking them;
and presses to be made with cores and dies to form them in glass with
projections and ornaments. I also cause my kilns to be built the shape of a
ring, so that the heat may be made use of to dry goods in its progress from the
kilns. I also cause the backs and sides of stone grates to be made of fine clay,
glazed, to reflect the heat; and instead of fire bars being fitted in as at present,
I cause a vessel to be made resembling a goblet, with hollow or solid partition,
to stand on a foot on the hearth, or to be fastened to the back or sides of the
stove facing. And to make water-closets, as set forth in my Patent, dated

page_text: February the Eighth, One thousand eight hundred and forty-nine, I cause
presses to be made to force clay and other materials into dies or moulds to.
form traps and plugs, and lathes with suitable shafts, levers, bars, and
rubbers to grind the saine, so as to make them perfectly air-tight, and to
prevent any effluvia from rising therefrom.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, I wish it to be distinctly
understood that I do not confine myself to the precise details herein con-
tained, so long as I keep within the general description herein set forth.
My Invention has reference to improvements upon my Patent as set forth,
dated February the Eighth, One thousand eight hundred and forty-nine;
but in order that the said improvements may be made easily understood
and carried into effect, I proceed to describe the accompanying Drawings,
which are not contained in said Patent above mentioned, reference being
had to the letters and figures herein marked.
I
Figures 1 and 2 are birds-eye views of a core which I propose using for
making bricks; Figure 3 is a section, representing the die or dod with a core
fitted into it; Figures 4, 5, and 6 are sectional views of the core; Figure 7
is the representation of the shape of a brick when it is round the core, before
it is compressed in passing out of the die or dod plate, which causes the par-
titions to come in contact and unite with each other; Figures S and y are
views of the vanes I propose using on the pug mill shafts to pug the clay
and force it through the dies or dod plates; Figure 10 is a representation
of the descriptions of sewer block I propose making for building sewers,
shewing the projections and grooves; Figures 11 and 12 are representations
of the description of kilns I propose using for burning these and all other
descriptions of plastic materials.
Having now fully described the nature of my said improvements, I would
have it clearly understood that I do not confine myself to the precise details
herein-before mentioned, nor do I claim the making of bricks with a series of
holes as being new; but I do claim making a series of holes with a core in
one piece of various shapes in conjunction with the conical die: neither do I
claim screw vanes to force clay through dods or dies as being new; but I do
claim flat knives so placed as to produce the effect of a screw, by setting them
in horizontal rows and parallel to each other on the pug mill or other shaft, so
as to dispense with the plunger or piston, as set forth in my Patent, dated
February the Eighth, One thousand eight hundred and forty-nine, for making
drain pipes neither do I claim as being new the making of sewer blocks in
one piece; but-I-do claim the making of sewer blocks with rabbets, grooves,
-and-projections, as set forth herein; and also making of tiles in the shape of
:

page_text: common corrugated iron, and with a number of ribs on the under side to give
strength thereto. And instead of using the piston in cylinder, as set forth in
the before-mentioned Patent for preparing plastic material, I laini as being
new the application of a pump to exhaust the air from under the sieve, so
as to allow the atmosphere to press on and drive the plastic material
through it; and to make two chimney-piece jambs in one piece, by forcing
clays through a died or dod plate, as before described, and the application
of an iron shoe to prevent them from being chipped by the fenders.
I also claim as being new the building of kilns, as herein set forth, and
the making of stove backs to reflect the heat, in conjunction with a vessel
to hold the fire, resembling a goblet or other desirable shape, upon a foot,
on the hearth, or to be fastened to the back or sides of the stove facing,
so as to make it independent of the plastic material.
I also claim the making of said water-closets, set forth in my Patent,
dated February the Eighth, One thousand eight hundred and forty-nine,
by forcing the clay into moulds with pressure instead of moulding them
by hand, as therein set forth, with suitable rubbers to grind, the same and.
make them air-tight.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Henry Tooth, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Second day of January, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
Witness,
WM MILLS.
WILLIAM HENRY TOOTH. (L.S.)