IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CHANDELIERS, LAMPS, AND OTHER APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN DISTRIBUTING LIGHT
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Rennie, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF CHANDELIERS, LAMPS, AND OTHER APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN
DISTRIBUTING LIGHT."
Sealed the 12th July 1864, and dated the 14th January 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Rennie at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
January 1864.
I, JAMES RENNIE, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CHANDELIERS, LAMPS, AND OTHER APPARATUE
EMPLOYED IN DISTRIBUTING LIGHT," to be as follows:-
The improvements relate to means of producing various ornamental effects
in or upon chandeliers, lamps, and other apparatus employed in distributing
light. To this end I form some of the parts of such articles, particularly the
bodies, canopies, or ceiling plates, vases, medallions, and weights of iron or
other suitable metal or material, coated or prepared by enamelling, japanning,
painting, or otherwise to represent ivory, woods, marbles, or other natural
or artificial productions or pictorial effects, by which increased novelty and
variety of design will be obtained. In some cases I obtain other effects by
the introduction of photographic pictures of eminent personages, or of classical
studies from the antique or of other subjects. These photographs I secure

page_text: by gum or otherwise to cardboard or other suitable material, and they are
then by preference fitted into grooves or recesses, and the edges of them are
secured and covered by plain or ornamental frames, and the parts are fastened
together in the positions desired by screws, studs, pins, or such like means.
The iron or other material to be introduced having been prepared, wrought,
or fitted, is enamelled, japanned, painted, or otherwise prepared for the effect
desired to be obtained, and then secured to the other parts by "checking" or
fitting into rims of brass or other metal, or by screwing, rivetting, soldering,
or otherwise to the other connections or parts as above referred to. In
forming chandelier weights I first obtain the base or metallic body in parts by
"spinning" or "stamping," or by the combined process of spinning and
stamping, and to these parts I apply the photographic or other effects as
referred to, and I sink such parts by "checking" into rings or collars applied
at the central or intermediate parts or divisions, and the top or bottom of such
weights, or both ends thereof, I secure by neck and "finale" pieces drawn
together by a rod or bolt, all adapted to cover and secure the adjacent edges of
the base or body and the photographic or other effect introduced. This method
of combining the separate pieces is also applicable to other of the parts of
the apparatus referred to. By these means the mechanical adaptations and
appliances used in obtaining the above effects may be hidden.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Rennie in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 14th
July 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
RENNIE, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of January, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-seventh year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said James Rennie, Her special licence that I, the said James Rennie,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said James
Rennie, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the

page_text: Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF CHANDELIERS, LAMPS, AND OTHER APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN
DISTRIBUTING LIGHT," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
James Rennie, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Rennie, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the fol-
lowing statement thereof, that is to say :-
The improvements relate to means of producing various ornamental effects
in or upon chandeliers, lamps, and other apparatus employed in distributing
light. To this end I form some of the parts of such articles particularly
the bodies, canopies, or ceiling plates, vases, medallions, and weights of iron
or other suitable metal or material, coated or prepared by enamelling,
japanning, painting, or otherwise to represent ivory, woods, marbles, or other
natural or artificial productions or pictorial effects, by which increased novelty
and variety of design will be obtained. In some cases I obtain other effects
by the introduction of photographic pictures of eminent personages or of
classical studies from the antique, or of other subjects. These photographs
I secure by gum or otherwise to cardboard or other suitable material, and
they are then by preference fitted into grooves or recesses, and the edges of
them are secured and covered by plain or ornamental frames, and the parts
are fastened together in the positions desired screws, studs, pins, or such
like means. The iron or other material to be introduced having been
prepared, wrought, or fitted, is enamelled, japanned, painted, or otherwise
prepared for the effect desired to be obtained, and then secured to the
other parts by "checking" or fitting into rims of brass or other metal, or
by screwing, rivetting, soldering, or otherwise to the other connections or
parts as above referred to. In forming chandelier weights, I first obtain
the base or metallic body in parts by "spinning" or "stamping," or by
the combined process of "spinning" and "stamping," and to these parts
I apply the photographic or other effects as referred to, and I sink such parts
by "checking" into rings or collars applied at the central or intermediate
parts or divisions, and the top or bottom of such weights or both ends thereof
I secure by neck and "finial" pieces drawn together by a rod or bolt, all

page_text: DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 shews a section of some of the parts of a pendant gas chandelier
constructed according to my Invention.
a, a, is part of the internal descending tube by which the gas is conveyed
down to the chamber b, and thence as is well understood by suitable supply
tubes c, c, to the burners; d, d, shews part of a vase; e is a neck piece;
f the base of the vase; and 9 a connector for connecting the neck e to the
chamber b; h is a base supported by a screw ' through which the "finial" i
is made secure; j,j, are upper and lower body pieces which are at their
outer edges "checked" into the rim k, whilst at their inner parts they are
held in position by the parts f and i. In this illustration the parts d and
j, j, are those which in carrying out my improvements I form of iron or other
cheap metal or material coated or prepared by enamelling, japanning,
painting, or otherwise to represent ivory, woods, marbles, or other natural
or artificial productions or pictorial effects. Figure 2 shews a section of like
parts with the addition of photographic pictures introduced in panels; and
Figure 3 is a surface view of a portion the same; is the photograph
which is secured by gum or otherwise to cardboard or other suitable material,
and then the edges thereof are fitted into the grooves or recesses of the
frame m, and covered by a frame n. Both the frames m and n are made
secure by screws and nuts o, or by other suitable means. Figures 4 and 5
shew parts by which the photograph is secured separately. In other cases
the photographic representations cut to the desired outline are secured to
the iron or other metal forming parts of chandeliers, lamps, or other
apparatus employed in distributing light by repeated applications of gum and
graduated heating in a stove after each application, and then by like repeated
applications of varnish with similar graduated heating in a stove after each
of such further applications of varnish..
.
It will readily be understood that in like manner may the canopies,
ceiling plates, and other parts of chandeliers, lamps, and other apparatus
employed in distributing light be ornamented according to my improvements.
Figure 6 shows the section of a suspending weight for a chandelier arranged
according to my Invention; p is the neck piece to which is connected the

page_text: "finial" by the connecting screw r, and between them are held the cups
s and t which are formed to the desired figure by "spinning
'spinning" or "stamping."
The smaller end or edge of the cup s is "checked" into a recess formed in
the neck p, and the smaller end or edge of the cup t is "checked" into a
recess formed in the "finial" q, whilst the larger ends or edges of both are
"checked" into recesses formed for them in the centre rim u.
In this case
the parts s and t are those upon which the desired effects will be produced
according to my improvements. This method of combining the separate
pieces is also applicable to other of the parts of the apparatus referred to.
By these means the mechanical adaptations and appliances used in obtaining
the above effects may be hidden.
Having now described my improvements, and means which I adopt in
carrying the same into effect, I would have it understood that what I claim is,
the manufacture of chandeliers, lamps, and other apparatus employed in dis-
tributing light, with representations of ivory, woods, marbles, or other natural
or artificial productions or pictorial effects thereon in manner substantially as
described. .
In witness whereof, I, the said James Rennie, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fourth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
JAMES DENNIE
TAM
MES RENNIE. (..)