IMPROVEMENTS IN CYLINDER PAPER-MAKING MACHINES
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred Vincent Newton, of the Office for Patents, 66,
Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CYLINDER PAPER-MAKING MACHINES." A
communication from abroad by Jonathan Hatch and George Hatch, both of
South Windham, in the State of Connecticut, United States of America.
Scaled the 24th December 1878, and dated the 26th June 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred Vincent Newton at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th June 1878.
ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN CYLINDER
PAPER-MAKING MACHINES." [A communication from abroad by Jonathan Hatch
and George Hatch, both of South Windham, in the State of Connecticut, United
States of America.]
The Invention relates to improvements in that class of cylinder paper-making
machines in which the commingled pulp, size, and water are caused to pass through
the vat in a current moving in the same direction as that part of the periphery of
the cylinder immersed in the said current.
It is now proposed that the cylinder and current shall move as nearly as possible
with the same velocity, and that the fluid contents of the vat shall oscillate laterally
under the cylinder, the object of the Invention being to cause the fibres of the pulp
to deposit on the said cylinder indifferently in all directions, to form a web, instead
of depositing principally in one direction, as in paper made in other kinds of
cylinder paper-making machines, whereby the paper produced has practically equal
strength in all directions, instead of, as heretofore, tearing easily in one direction and
with difficulty in another direction.
The Invention consists partly in the combination in a cylinder paper-making
machine, with the vat and cylinder of the same, of a pulp and water.receiver or box

page_text: placed higher than the general level of the pulp, water, and size in the vat, in which
receiver or box a head is maintained for ensuring a current through the vat in the
direction in which the cylinder revolves in the said vat.
The Invention further consists in means for varying and adjusting the transverse
sectional area of the channel for the passage of the liquid through the vat below the
cylinder, to wit, either a blanket attached to the stationary part of the vat at or
near the pulp and water receiving box, passing under the cylinder, and having
its opposite end connected with and wound on an eccentric roller at the opposite
end of the channel, or a regulating plate adjustably attached to the same part of the
vat bent into an are corresponding with the contour of the cylinder, and arranged
to be moved to or from the said cylinder, for contracting or widening parts of the
said channel, as herein-after more fully described.
The Invention also consists in the combination with the pulp and water receiving
box of a perforated septum or partition for assisting in distributing the liquid
uniformly to all parts of the cylinder, the said perforated partition being placed in
such manner that the liquid or a portion of the same must flow through tho said
partition to reach the interior of the vat, the action of the said partition being to
prevent the too rapid influx of the material into some parts of the channel and the
too slow inflow of the same into other parts of the said channel.
The Invention further consists in an apron of flexible material interposed between
the receiving box for the pulp, water, and sizo and the cylinder, and extending a
short distance down into the aforesaid channel, for preventing the deposit of the
pulp on the cylinder before the current is fairly established through the said
channel, the said apron being drawn against the cylinder by the action of the water
drawn through the meshes of the latter, and preventing the access of the pulp to
the surface of the cylinder covered by the said apron.
The Invention further consists in the combination with the vat and the cylinder
of a dividing bar or partition, which in use extends down into the contents of the
vat on the side from which the web is taken off from the cylinder, and in such
manner as to prevent the detachment of the said web from the cylinder before the
proper time through the action of the current, which in that part of the vat flows
from the cylinder. The said dividing bar or partition has a sharp lower edge for
dividing the liquid, is placed in proximity to the cylinder, and extends from side
to side of the vat, to which sides the said partition is attached in any suitable
manner.
The Invention also consists in the combination with the vat of a cylinder paper-
making machine of one or more oscillating side pieces in the sides of the vat, for
producing lateral to-and-fro motion of the contents of the channel below tho
cylinder. The said side picces are of a shape that conforms to à longitudinal section
through the middle of the said channel, and are placed at opposite sides of the said
channel, either moving together by an attachment that connects them, and indepen-
dently of the other parts of the vat, or moving with the bottom of the vat, the said
side picces being in the latter case attached to the said bottom. In either case the
said oscillating side pieces are connected with the stationary part of the vat by
flexible packing of rubber cloth or other suitable clastic or flexible material; but in
case the said side pieces are attached to the said bottom, the said flexible packing is
corrugated in its horizontal parts, to prevent the tearing, cracking, or rupture of the
same. This flexible attachment prevents leakage through the junctions of the said
side pieces and bottom with the stationary part of the vat.
The Invention further consists, when the said oscillating side pieces are connected
with an oscillating bottom of the vat as aforesaid, of oscillating supports for the said
bottom and side pieces, whereby objectionable friction is removed, the said supports
being preferably but not necessarily rocking pillars or posts rocking on pointed
bearings, upon which pillars or posts the said bottom and side pieces are supported.
The Invention further consists in the novel construction of the pulp and water
receiving box, the same having compartments, one for the reception in its upper part
of the liquid pumped back from the interior of the cylinder of the machine, said.

page_text: compartments communicating with each other at the bottom of the same by
passages, except in one instance, to wit, the compartment from which the material
flows to the vat, and the one next in order to the same, the latter two compartments
communicating through the floor of the compartment from which the inatorial is fed
to the vat, said floor being perforated, and constituting one form of the perforated
partition or septum (described in the foregoing paragraph rolating to the said per-
forated partition) for securing uniform distribution of tho matorial to all parts of the
channel between the bottom of the vat and the cylinder, the screened pulp being
fed into the last of the said compartments, whence it flows, after receiving its
quantum of size and water, into the vat, the object of the compartments being to
eliminate froth.
The Invention also consists in the combination with the said receiving box of a
gate in one of the said compartments or in the partition which separates one of the
compartments from the others, the said compartment having an outlet for pormitting
the escape to the exterior of the machine of surplus liquid, the object of the said
construction being to afford means for regulating the head in the pulp and water
receiving box to the proper height for securing the desired velocity of current
through the channel in the vat below the cylinder.
Any kind of pump may be used for pumping the overflowing liquid from the
overflow of the machine or the vat, but a rotary or centrifugal pump is preferred for
this purpose.
And the Invention further consists in the combination with the outlet of the vat
or machine and the pump for pumping the discharged liquid back to the aforesaid
receiving box of a box having compartments for receiving the said overflowing
liquid, the compartments in said box communicating by a passage or passages at the
bottom of the partition or partitions which separate the compartments, by which
means all froth formed by the agitation of the glutinous water is separated, and
liquid free from froth is pumped back to the receiving box.
The pulp cylinder is constructed of skeleton wheels, which carry at their periphery
flat bars or supports for the wire gauge or cloth. These bars are set radially, to
form floats or paddles for acting upon the water that passes from the exterior of the
cylinder through the said wire gauze or cloth to the interior thereof. The object of
this construction is to obtain a much stronger cylinder for the support of what is
called the "couch drum," that squeezes the water out of the web after the same has
been formed, and to produce through the action of the said floats or paddles a rotary
motion of the water after the same has passed through the said wire cloth or gauze,
and to present less obstruction to the passage of the water through the wire gauze
or cloth at the junctions of the same with the said supporting bars, floats, or paddles.
On the said bars or supports is forined, by winding thereon, a wire basis for the
reception of the wire cloth or gauze covering for the cylinder.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Alfred Vincent Newton in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 24th
December 1878.
ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN CYLINDER
PAPER-MAKING MACHINES." A communication from abroad by Jonathan Hatch
and George Hatch, both of South Windham, in the State of Connecticut, United
States of America.
.
The Invention relates to improvements in that class of cylinder paper-making
machines in which the commingled pulp, size, and water are caused to pass through
the vat in a current moving in the same direction as that part of the periphery of
the cylinder immersed in the said current. It is now proposed that the cylinder
and current shall move as nearly as possible with the same velocity, and that the
fluid contents of the vat shall oscillate laterally under the cylinder; the object of
the Invention being to cause the fibres of the pulp to deposit on the said cylinder
indifferently in all directions to forin a web, instead of depositing principally in
one direction; as in paper made in other kinds of cylinder paper-making machines,
whereby the paper produced has practically equal strength in all directions instead
of, as heretofore, tearing easily in one direction and, with difficulty in other
directions.
The Invention consists partly in the combination in a cylinder paper-making
machine, with the vat and cylinder of the same, of a pulp and water receiver or box
placed higher than the general level of the pulp, water, and size in the vat; in
which receiver or box a head is maintained for ensuring a current through the vat
in the direction in which the cylinder rotates in the said vat.
The Invention further consists in means for varying and adjusting the transverse
sectional area of the channel for the passage of the liquid through the vat below
the cylinder, to wit, either a blanket attached to the stationary part of the vat at
or near the pulp and water receiving box, passing under the cylinder and having its
opposite end connected with and wound on an excentric roller at the opposite end
of the channel, or a regulating plate adjustably attached to the same part of the
yat bent into an arc corresponding with the contour of the cylinder, and arranged
to be moved to or from the said cylinder for contracting or winding parts of the
said channel, as herein-after more fully described.
The Invention also consists in the combination with the pulp and water recoiving
box of a perforated septum or partition for assisting in distributing the liquid
uniformly to all parts of the cylinder, the said perforated partition being placed in
such manner that the liquid, or a portion of the same, must flow through the said
partition to reach the interior of the vat; the action of the said partition being
to prevent the too rapid influx of the material into some parts of the channel, and
the too slow inflow of the same into other parts of the said channel.
The Invention further consists in an apron of flexible material interposed between
the receiving box for the pulp, water, and size and the cylinder, and extending a
short distance down into the aforesaid channel, for preventing the deposit of the
pulp on the cylinder before the current is fairly established through the said channel,
the said apron being drawn against the cylinder by the action of the water drawn
through the meshes of the latter and preventing the access of the pulp to the surface
of the cylinder covered by the said apron.
The Invention further consists in the combination with the vat and the cylinder
of a dividing bar or partition which, in use, extends down into the contents of the
vat on the side from which the web is taken off from the cylinder, and in such manner
as to prevent the detachment of the said web from the cylinder before the proper
time through the action of the current which in that part of the vat flows from the
cylinder. The said dividing bar or partition has a sharp lower edge for dividing

page_text: the liquid, is placed in proximity to the cylinder, and extends from side to side of
the vat, to which sides the said partition is attached in any suitable manner.
The Invention also consists in the combination with the vat of a cylinder paper-
making machine of one or more oscillating side pieces in the sides of the vat for
producing lateral to-and-fro motion of the contents of the channel below the
cylinder. The said side picces are of a shape that conforms to a longitudinal section
through the middle of the said channel and are placed at opposite sides of the
said channel, either moving together by an attachment that connects then, and
independently of the other parts of the vat, or moving with the bottom of
the vat, the said side pieces being in the latter caso attached to tho said bottom.
In either case the said oscillating side pieces are connected with the stationary
part of the vat by flexible packing of rubber-clother or other suitable elastic
or flexible material; but in case the said pieces are attached to tho said bottom,
the said flexible packing is corrugated in its horizontal parts to prevent the
tearing, cracking, or rupture of the same. This flexible attachment prevents
leakage through the junctions of the said side pieces and bottom with the stationary
part of the vat.
The Invention further consists, when the said oscillating side pieces are connected
with an oscillating bottom of the vat as aforesaid, of oscillating supports for the
said bottom and side pieces, whereby objectionable friction is removed; the said sup-
ports being preferably, but not necessarily, rocking pillars or posts rocking on pointed
bearings, upon which pillars or posts the said bottom and side pieces are supported.
The Invention further consists in the novel construction of the pulp and water
receiving box, the same having compartments, one for the reception in its upper
part of the liquid pumped back from the interior of the cylinder of the machine,
said compartments communicating with each other at the bottom of the same by
passages, except in one instance, to wit, the compartment from which the material
flows to the vat, and the one next in order to the same, the latter two compartments
communicating through the floor of the compartment from which the material is
fed to the vat, said floor being perforated and constituting one form of the perforated
partition or septum (described in the foregoing paragraph relating to the said
perforated partition) for securing uniform distribution of the material to all parts
of the channel between the bottom of the vat and the cylinder, the screened pulp being
fed into the last of the said compartments, whence it flows after receiving its
quantum of size and water into the vat, the object of the compartments being to
eliminate froth.
The Invention also consists in the combination with the said receiving box of a
gate in one of the said compartments, or in the partition which separates one of the
compartments from the others, the said compartment having an outlet for permitting
the escape to the exterior of the machine of surplus liquid; the object of the said
construction being to afford means for regulating the head in the pulp and water
receiving box to the proper height for securing the desired velocity of current
through the channel in the vat below the cylinder.
Any kind of pump may be used for pumping the overflowing liquid from the
overflow of the machine or the vat, but a rotary or centrifugal pump is preferred
for this purpose.
And the Invention further consists in the combination with the outlet of
the vat or machine and the pump for pumping the discharged liquid back to
the aforesaid receiving box of a box having compartments for receiving the said
overflowing liquid, the compartments in said box communicating by a passage or
passages at the bottom of the partition or partitions which separate the compart-
ments, by which means all froth formed by the agitation of the glutinous water is
separated, and liquid free from froth is pumped back to the receiving box.
The pulp cylinder is constructed of skeleton wheels, which carry at their
periphery flat bars or supports for the wire gauze or cloth. These bars are set
radially to form floats or paddles for acting upon the water that passes from the
exterior of the cylinder through. the said wire gauze or cloth to the interior. thereof.

page_text: The objects of this construction are to obtain a much stronger cylinder for the support
of what is called the "couch drum" that squeezes the water out of the web after
-the same has been formed, and to produce through the action of the said floats or
paddles a rotary motion of the water after the same has passed through the said
wire cloth or gauze, and to present less obstruction to the passage of the water
through the wire gauze or cloth at the junctions of the same with the said.support-
ing bars, floats, or paddles. On the said bars or supports is formed by winding
thereon a wire basis for the reception of the wire cloth or gauze covering for the
cylinder.
In the accompanying Drawings Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 represent parts of a
machine constructed according to this Invention, the couch drum reservoir for
receiving water from the interior of the cylinder, the pump connected with the vat
for pumping water from the cylinder, and other parts not included in the Invention
being omitted.
Figures 8, 9, 10, and 11 represent a modified construction of parts for securing
the object of the Invention, but parts represented in the two modifications of the
Invention may be combined to form a machine which, while it has features described
in one or other of the modifications, may still be not precisely like either of the
arrangements.
Fig. 1 in the Drawing is a plan view of a cylinder, vat, and other appurtenances
of a paper-making machine constructed according to this Invention; Fig. 2 is a
vertical section through the same, made on the line x, x, in Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a
vertical section made on the line z, z, in Fig. 1; Fig. 4 is a vertical section of the
same, made on the line y, y, in Fig. 1; Fig. 5 is a vertical section made on the
line w, w, in Fig. 1; Fig. 6 is a section made on the line u, u, in Fig. 1.
Figs. 7 represent a top and end view of a cylinder for a paper-making machine
constructed in accordance with the Invention.
A, in the said Figures 1 to 7 inclusive, is the frame supporting the working parts
of the machine; B is the stationary part of the vat; and C, the cylinder rotating
in said vat and in bearings on the said frame. The direction of the rotation of the
cylinder and the course of the current in various parts of the machine are indicated
by arrows.
J is the pulp, and water receiving box, and El represents the outlet or overflow of
the vat, from which water and size, with some commingled pulp, are pumped back,
as herein-after described. The said pulp and water receiving box is placed higher
than the general level of the liquid in the vat, in order to create a head that will
cause a current to flow from the said box through the vat under the cylinder, as
indicated by the arrows, and with a velocity as nearly as practicable equal to the
velocity of rotation of the periphery of the cylinder.
The vat has a moveable bottom E, which may be made to oscillate laterally by
any preferred means, as, for instance, a crank wheel receiving motion from the shaft
that drives the cylinder, and a pitman connecting said crank wheel with the said
oscillating bottom. Attached to the said bottom are curved side pieces B', Fig. 2,
which have a contour corresponding to the central longitudinal section of the
channel between the cylinder and the bottom of the vat. The lateral oscillation of
the said side pieces with the said oscillating bottom assists in causing a deposit of
the fibres indifferently in all directions, as by the said oscillation the lateral
oscillation of the entire contents of the channel between the cylinder and the
bottom of the vat is effected.
The said oscillating bottom bears upon oscillating supports or pillars F. The
upper and lower bearings of the said supports, lettered G and G₁, are preferably
pointed, but oscillating supports of any other suitable kind may be used, as, for
instance, suspending rods attached to the stationary part of the vat. By this
feature of the Invention friction is reduced to a minimum, and objectionable friction
that would otherwise consume power and cause wear is avoided.
The oscillating bottom E and attached side pieces B₁ are connected with the.
stationary part of the vat by a flexible connector F', which may be of rubber, cloth,.

page_text: or other suitable material, and is joined water-tight to the movable and stationary
parts of the vat to prevent leakage, and to permit the free motion of the said
moveable parts. The horizontal parts of the said connector are preferably corrugated,
to allow of the necessary play without tearing or cracking the same.
H represents an adjustable regulating plate bent into an are corresponding with
that part of the cylinder under which the said plate is placed, and attached by
screws I, or any other suitable means, to that part of the oscillating bottom near
the pulp and water receiving box J. The upper part of the said plate is formed
with a flange k, having slots for the reception of the screws I, and which permit
the adjustment of the said plate to and from the said cylinder. By setting the said
plate toward or away from the cylinder the sectional transverse area of the channel
between the cylinder and the bottom of the vat may be altered in parts of the said
channel which in the manufacture of papers of different grades of thickness is found
to be an important matter.
The pulp and water receiving box is constructed with five compartments, lettered
respectively K, K¹, K", K, and K. Into the first of these compartments K. the
liquid pumped from the interior of the cylinder in the ordinary way to a reservoir
not shewn in the Drawing, is allowed to flow, passing subsequently through other
compartments in tho said box to reach the vat, being supplied before entering the
vat with screened pulp and such additional water and size as are necessary to
render the operation of the machine continuous. Between the compartments K
and K¹ is a partition, through the bottom of which is an opening m, Fig. 5, or a
passage through which the said liquid passes to the interior of the compartment K¹..
The compartment K' is separated from the compartment K by the side of the
vat B and the compartment K". Communication between the compartments K'
and K is established through an opening or passage m', shewn in dotted outline in
Fig. 5, and communication between the compartments K and K is established
through the holes in a perforated floor N or bottom of the compartiment K. This
construction permits the free passage of the liquid through the said compartments,
while eliminating all the froth therefrom, the action of gravitation serving only to
pass the heavier unfrothed liquid through the aforesaid passages. The froth thus
kopt back would if allowed to pass to the vat cause the production of inferior
spongy paper.
The compartment K has an opening m" (Fig. 4) in the bottom of the same,
through which any liquid that enters said compartment may escape. Communication
between the said compartment K and the compartment K¹ is permitted, stopped,
or controlled, by a gate O fitted in a passage between the said compartments. The
said gate when adjusted properly regulates the head of mixed water, pulp, and size,
in the compartment K, any surplus of water that would otherwise raise the head
too high flowing off through the opening or outlet m¹¹.
In the use of a pump for conveying back the overflow from the outlet E¹ to the
screen box, whence it passes with an accession of pulp to the vat through the
compartment K in the receiving box J, there is of necessity froth formed in the
ordinary way of using such a pump, which froth not passing through the compart-
ments employed for climinating the froth from the liquid pumped back from the
interior of the cylinder would, unless some provision was made for its elimination,
cause a spongy and inferior quality of paper to be produced. To obviate this
difficulty the overflow from the said outlet E is received into a box J, which box
is divided into compartments R and R¹ communicating with each other through an
opening or passage P¹ in the bottom of the partition s. T represents the pump,
which draws its supply from the outer compartment R¹. The froth rising to the top
of the compartment R allows nothing but unfrothed liquid to pass through the
passage P into the compartment R₁, and thence to the pump, which therefore
delivers the liquid to the screen box free from froth.
Air being excluded from the interior of the pump by the interposed box J¹,
there is no froth formed in the pump by the agitation of the liquid therein. By.
these means, to wit, the compartment boxes J and J¹, the formation of froth is
•

page_text: reduced to a minimum, and such froth as is formed is excluded from the compart-
ment K", from which the mixture of pulp, water, and size flows to the vat.
•
The improved construction of the cylinder is illustrated in Figures 7.
Instead of using round bars or rods for supporting the wire gauze or cloth; of
which the outer part of the said cylinder is composed, and which inore or less
obstruct the free flow of the water through the meshes of the said cylinder without
affording the requisite strength for the support of the couch drum, unless made of
objectionable size, flat bars are used. These bars are set radially, and besides acting
as supports for the said wire gauze or cloth (without too much obstructing the flow
of the liquid through the meshes of the said cylinder) they serve as floats or paddles
to carry the water in the interior of the cylinder at the same velocity or nearly tho
same as that of the exterior current herein-before described, which avoids the action of
ripples near the surface where the paper is forming, thus allowing the web to deposit
more uniformly than would otherwise be the case.
In Figures 7 S¹ represents the shaft to which wheels are keyed or otherwise
fastened. In or to the edges of the said wheels are attached longitudinal bars U.
On the outer edge of the said bars U is wound a basis of wire V, the wire of
which is let into the edge of the said bars about half the diameter of the said wire.
The whole is then covered with wire cloth or gauze to form the periphery of a
cylinder.
The bars U projecting radially inward toward the axis of the cylinder, act when
in use as paddles or floats to produce the result above attributed to them.
This construction of the cylinder also greatly facilitates the cleaning of the same
by showering or steam blowing necessary in the working of the same.
The operation of the machine as thus far described is as follows:-The pulp after
screening is fed into the compartment K of the box J, where it is diluted with
the liquid flowing up through the perforations in the bottom of the said compart-
ment. It then passes on into the vat, flowing as nearly as possible with the same
velocity as that of the rotation of the periphery of the said cylinder, and therefore
being relatively at rest with the said periphery, or as nearly so as it is practically
possible to make it.
A large portion of the pulp deposits on the cylinder to form a web, the fibres on
the said web lying indifferently in all directions, instead of, as heretoforo, lying
principally in one direction. That portion of the liquid which passes through the
cylinder is pumped back to the compartment K in the receiving box J, and that
part of the liquid which passes out of the outlet E', and which may contain some
pulp and size, is pumped back to the screen box, both portions of the said liquid.
being used over and again.
Referring now to the modification of the Invention shewn in Figures 8, 9, 10,
and 11, the pulp and water receiving box placed higher than the general level of
the liquid in the vat, is retained, but without some of the compartments herein-
before described for the elimination of froth; the oscillating side pieces are also
used, but in this case they are connected together as herein-after described, and
they move independently of the bottom, which forms a portion of the stationary
part of the vat. The flexible connector for connecting the said side pieces to the
stationary part of the vat are also used, but as in this case there are no horizontal
parts of the said. connection, corrugations are unnecessary, and are therefore
omitted.
In place of the regulating plate for adjusting the transverse sectional area of the
channel, between the cylinder and the bottom of the vat, a blanket or apron is
used.
In this form of the machine are also introduced the devices for preventing the contact
of the pulp with the cylinder before the current is fairly established in the said
channel, and for preventing the pulling off of the web on the delivery side of the
cylinder through the action of tho current setting away from the periphery of the
cylinder on that side, as herciu-before mentioned; but these devices may be applied
to the form of the machine horein-before described, and the features of the said.

page_text: machines in their several parts may be substituted for each other for the performance
of the same functions in each form of the machine, the said machines being alike in
their action so far as the production of paper with the pulp fibres indifferently laid
in all directions is concerned.
Fig. 8 is a longitudinal, central, and vertical section through a machine constructed
in accordance with the said modification of the Invention, but having a cylinder
constructed according to the well-known ordinary style, only such parts of the
machine being shewn as are necessary to the explanation of the Invention.
Fig. 9 is a top view, and Fig. 10 is a side view of the same; and Fig. 11 is a
section on the line x, x, in Fig. 9.
In these Figures A represents the vat; B, the cylinder; and a, the outlet from
which the water is pumped from the interior of the cylinder, said outlet commu-
nicating with a compartment C on the outside of the vat, whence the water is
pumped by any suitable pump back to the pulp and water receiving box.
Dis the pulp and water receiving box divided into two compartments by the
partitions E, which has perforations e in the lower part thereof. The pulp and
water are received into the compartment furthest from the cylinder, and flow thence
into the compartment nearest the cylinder through the perforations e, thence flowing
into the vat.
The perforations in the lower part of the partition distribute the material to the
wat uniformly, as herein-before specified, and the two compartments in the box serve
to eliminate froth to some extent, but not so thoroughly as the compartiments in the
receiving box herein-before described.
G is an apron extending across the vat between the box D and the cylinder, a
rod upon which the said apron is extended forming a convenient means for attaching
the same to the vat. The said apron extends a little below the mouth of the box D,
and being drawn against the cylinder when the machine is in uso serves to prevent
the premature deposit of pulp on the cylinder before the current in the direction of
the rotation on the cylinder is fairly established.
The cylinder is arranged excentrically with respect to the curvature of the bottom
of the vat to form a channel decreasing in transverse sectional area from the box D
to the overflow of the machine. This construction is to compensate for reduction
of the volume of the current through water being drawn into and pumped from the
interior of the cylinder in order to render the velocity of the current in the said
channel as nearly uniform as possible.
This result is further assisted by the blanket H attached to the vat at or near
the receiving box D, extending over the bottom of the vat, and attached at the
opposite end to an excentric roller J, the turning of which to wind on the blanket
alters the transverse sectional area of the said channel in precisely the manner
desired, to wit, reducing the area more in those parts of the said channel nearer the
overLow.
That portion of the liquid that passes entirely through the vat emerges at the
outlet into the compartment L, whence it is pumped back preferably by a rotary
or centrifugal pump to the pulp-and-water receiving box D, where, after an
accession of pulp, water, and size, it passes again through the vat, as herein-before
described.
K, Figures 8 and 9, represents a dividing bar or partition extending across the
vat between the cylinder and the outlet of the vat, and which also extends down-
ward into the channel between the cylinder and the said outlet, and is attached to
the stationary part of the vat in any suitable manner. The lower edge of the said
partition is preferably bevelled off to form an edge that will interfere with the
current as little as possible.
The effect of the said dividing bar or partition is to form a still body of liquid
between the said bar or partition and the cylinder, and prevent the pulling off of
the web by.the action of the current, which, in that part of the vat, would other-
wise set away from the cylinder.
M represents the movable tapering curved side pieces. Each of these pieces is

page_text: T
held in position and attached to the sides of the vat by flexible pieces of rubber
cloth, or other suitable material, proferably attached to the inner sides of the said
vat and the said moveable side pieces. From the outer sides of the said side pieces
project arms 0; said arms are connected by a cross bar P, which passes through
and under the semicircular bottom of the vat. To the cross bar P is applied power
for the oscillation of the said side pieces from side to side, to produce the lateral
oscillation of the contents of the channel between the said cylinder and the bottom
of the vat, as herein-before described.
Having now set forth the nature of the Invention of "Improvements in Cylinder
Paper-making Machines," as communicated to me from abroad, and explained the
manner of carrying into effect, I wish it to be understood that under the above in
part recited Letters Patent I claim,―
First. The combination with the stationary part of the vat, the cylinder revolving
therein, and the oscillating side pieces B¹ of the oscillating bottom E attached to
the said side pieces, substantially as and for the purpose described, and with reference
to Figures 1 to 5 inclusive of the Drawings.
Second. The combination with the oscillating bottom E, the attached side
pieces B, and the stationary part of a cylinder paper-making machine, of oscillating
supports for the said bottom, substantially as and for the purpose specified, and
with reference to Figures 1 to 5 inclusive of the Drawings.
Third. The combination with the oscillating bottom E, the attached side pieces B¹,
and the stationary part of the vat, of the flexible connectors F¹, substantially as
and for the purpose set forth, and with reference to Figures 1 to 5 inclusive of the
Drawings.
Fourth. The combination of the cylinder and vat of a cylinder paper-making
machine and the adjustable plate H for adjusting the transverse sectional area of
parts of the channel between the bottom of the vat and the cylinder, substantially
as and for the purpose described with reference to Figures 1 to 5 inclusive of tho
Drawings.
Fifth. The combination with the receiving box for the mixed pulp and water and
size, having compartments for the separation of froth, as herein described, of a
gate O for regulating the head of said mixture in that compartment of the said
box from which the said mixture flows to the vat, substantially as and for the
purpose described, and with reference to Figures 1, 4, and 5 of the Drawings.
Sixth. The combination with the outlet of a cylinder paper-making machine and
a pump for conveying the overflow of the vat back to a receiving box, substantially
as described, of a box J¹ having the compartments R and R' communicating by the
passage P, the said compartment R¹ being connected with the pump, substantially
as and for the purpose described, and with reference to Figures 1, 2, and 6 of the
Drawings.
Seventh. The receiving box for mixed water, pulp, and size placed higher than
the general level of the liquid in the vat for maintaining a head of the said water,
pulp, and size in the said box, substantially as and for the purpose described, and
with reference to Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, and 11 of the Drawings.
Eighth. The receiving box for receiving pulp, water, and size to be fed to the vat
of the machine, as herein described, provided with compartments K, K¹, K¹¹, K,
passages m, m³, and the perforated bottom floor or septum N, substantially as and
for the purposes set forth, and with reference to Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of the
Drawings...
Ninth. A cylinder for a paper-making machine constructed of a shaft S',
wheels T', or their equivalent, flat bars U₁ attached to or inserted in the edges of
the said wheels, and a wire basis V₁ attached to the outer parts of the said bars for
the support of the wire cloth of the cylinder, substantially as and for the purpose
herein described, and with reference to Figures 7 of the Drawings.
Tenth. The combination of the blanket H and excentric roller J for producing
uniform velocity of the current and regulating the velocity thereof, substantially

page_text: as and for the purpose herein described, and with reference to Figures 8 and 9 of
the Drawings.
Eleventh. The combination with the pulp and water receiving box D of the
perforated septum or partition E for distributing the pulp equally to the cylinder,
substantially as and for the purpose set forth, with reference to Figures S and 9 of
the Drawings.
Twelfth. The combination with vat A and cylinder B of the apron G for pre-
venting the deposit of pulp and the formation of paper on the cylinder before
entering the current, substantially as and for the purpose specified, with referenco
to Figures 8 and 9 of the Drawings.
Thirteenth. The combination with the vat and the cylinder of the dividing bar
K for preventing the drawing of the web off from the emerging portion of the
cylinder, substantially as and for the purpose set forth, with reference to Figures 8
and 9 of the Drawings.
Fourteenth. The combination with the vat of a cylinder paper-making machino
of one or more oscillating side pieces in the sides of the said vat for producing
lateral to-and-fro moveinont of the water and pulp in the said vat, substantially as
and for the purpose specified, with reference to Figures 2, 5, 8, and 10 of the
Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alfred Vincent Newton, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.