CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MACHINERY APPLICABLE TO THE MANUFACTURING OF WOOLLEN CLOTH
Year: 1834

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
HADEN, of Trowbridge, in the County of Wilts, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth, by
His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of England, bearing date at
Westminster, the Twenty-fourth day of February, in the fourth year of His
reign, did, for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said George Haden, His especial licence, full power, sole privilege and
authority, that I, the said Georgo Haden, my exors, adñññors, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said George Haden, my exors, adiñiors, or assigns, should
at any time agree with (and no others), from time to time and at all times
during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-
Tweed, my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MACHINERY APPLICABLE
TO THE MANUFACTURING OF WOOLLEN CLOTH;" in which said Letters Patent there
is contained a proviso obliging me, the said George Haden, by an instrument
in writing under my hand and seal, particularly to describe and ascertain tho
nature of my said Invention, and the manner in which the same is to bo
performed, and to cause the same to be enrolled in His Majesty's High Court
of Chancery within two calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, referenco
being thereunto bad, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
George Haden, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, is described and ascertained

page_text: as follows, and by the aid of the two Sheets of Drawings hereunto annexed, and
marked Sheet Y and Sheet Z (videlicet): :-
My said Improvements in the Machinery applicable to the Manufacturing of
Woollen Cloth consists in the application of certain levers and sun and planet
wheelwork with revolving cranks, in the manner herein-after fully described, to
the revolving barrels of the machines called gig mills, and which machines are
used for dressing or raising the pile of woollen cloth by means of tenzles or
pointed wire cards, (or other substitutes for teazles), with which such revolving
barrels are or may be furnished. The object of applying such levers and sun
and planet wheelwork and cranks to gig mills, according to my improvements
as aforesaid, being for the purpose of attaining a peculiar mode of action of
the tenzles, (or substitutes for teazles), on the cloth, which peculiar action has
been already attained by a certain improvement in the machinery applicable to
the manufacturing of woollen cloth, for which a Patent was granted to Joseph
Clisi Daniell on the Sixth day of February, One thousand eight hundred and
thirty, and which improvement the said Joseph Clisold Daniell, in his Specifi-
cation dated the Fourth day of August, One thousand eight hundred and thirty,
and inrolled in His Majesty's High Court of Chancery, the Sixth day of
August, One thousand eight hundred and thirty, did state to consist in certain
means therein described, of causing the teazles, or the substitutes for teazles,
with which the revolving barrels of gig mills are or may be furnished, to move
along and act upon the surface of the cloth at oblique angles with the direction
of the warp threads thereof during the operation of dressing or raising the pile
of the cloth by the gig mills (or during part of that operation), in order that
the teazles (or substitutes for teazles) may more effectually raise the pilo by
acting in such oblique direction sometimes from the right-hand selvedge
towards the left-hand selvedge, and at other times from the left-hand selvedge
towards the right-hand selvedge; and at other times (if need be) acting in the
manner usually practised in gig mills, straight along the length of the piece
of cloth, parallel to the direction of its warp threads. The object of the said
improvements being to enable the said gig mills to dress or raise the pile of the
cloth with an oblique action from right to left, and then, by a very easy change
in the setting of the machinery to dress the piece of cloth with the usual
action straight along the piece (if that is required), or, by another easy change in
the setting of the machinery, to dress the same cloth with an oblique action
from left to right, whereby the action of the teazles, or substitutes for teazles,
can at pleasure be made to operate in different directions on the cloth during
the different successive times that the cloth is submitted to the action of the
gig mill; and those different directions crossing each other with opposite
obliquities will more effectually dress and raise the pile of the cloth than by an

page_text: equal continuance of action straight along the cloth from end to end. And the
said Joseph Clisold Daniell did further state in his said Specification that he
obtained the effect of oblique action as aforesaid by two different means, which
are therein-after described under the heads first and second; and whereof the
second is stated to consist in fitting those boards which support the teazles,
(or substitutes for teazles), to the rims of the revolving gig barrell in such man-
ner that the said boards, together with the teazles, (or substitutes for teazles,
which are fastened to the boards, can move endways in a direction parallel to
the axis of the gig barrel, without altering their distance from that axis at the
same time that they are carried with circular motion around the axis of the
barrel, by which means the teazles, (or substitutes for teazles), will be moved
obliquely along the length of the cloth during their action thereon, instead of
moving straight along the same. And also in Sheet II. of the Drawings which
are annexed to the said Joseph Clisold Daniell's said Specification, the manner
of constructing gig mills according to the aforesaid second means of obtain-
ing the said improvement is represented (videlicet), at Figures 8, 9, and 10,
with a circular disk marked D, D, which has an obliquely winding or twisted
groove around its circular edge or circumference, to produce the requisite end-
way motion of the teazle boards on the revolving barrel; and also at
Figures 11 and 12, with an excentric circle marked D in those Figures, in
licu of a circular disk, with an oblique groove for moving the said boards end-
ways.
And whereas I, the said George Haden, did purchase the right of the
said Letters Patent from the said Joseph Clisold Daniell, and he did, by deed
of assignment, dated the Twelfth day of February, One thousand eight hundred
and thirty-four, transfer to me all right and interest in the said Letters Patent:
And whereas I have, in the course of practising the said improvement, found
out the present improvements thereon, and for which the Letters Patent of
the Twenty-fourth day of February last, and herein-before recited, have been
granted to me, and which present improvements consist in more efficacious
mechanism and arrangements of the mechanism described in the Specification
of the said Joseph Clisold Daniell, and represented in the second Sheet of
Drawings thereto annexed at Figures 8, 9, and 10, and 11 and 12 therein. A
gig mill constructed according to one part of my present improvements is
partly represented in Sheet Y of the Drawings hereunto annexed. It operates
by a circular disk D, D, with an oblique or winding groove around the edge
or thickness of its circumference, being of a similar, nature to that described in
Mr. Daniell's said Specification, but with improved means of transmitting the
action of the oblique or winding groove to the teazle boards, thereby rendering
the intended action of the machinery more complete and permanent. A, A, is

page_text: one of the circular rims or wheels of the revolving barrel of the gig mill, and
B, B, part of the main horizontal axis thereof, which parts are constructed
nearly in the usual manner of ordinary gig mills, except that the longitudinal
boards 2, y, a, y, on which the teazles (or substitutes for teazles) are to be
applied, (and fastened by the usual mode of fastening), are not fixed to the
circular rims A, A, but are correctly fitted into grooved pieces 7, r, which are
fixed fast on the said circular rims, so as to render the boards x, y, x, y,
capable of moving or sliding freely endways backwards and forwards in the
direction of their length, and in a direction parallel to the axis B, B, and
other grooved pieces similar to 1, r, are fixed in like manner on the circum-
ferences of the other circular rims like A, A, in order to sustain and guide
each of the boards x, y, x, y, at as many different places in their respective
lengths as will give them a firm support. D, D, is the circular disk with
the oblique winding groove around its edge or circumference; it is fitted freely
upon a round part at one end of the main horizontal axis B, B, which passes
through the central hole of the disk D, D, but is not fixed thereto. The
disk D, D, is detained from turning round along with the axis by means of
two sliding bolts which are fitted into socketts borne by the fixed framing of
the gig mill, near to the bearing for the main pivot at the end of the axis B,
and which bolts admit of being slided or moved endways so far through their
respective sockets that the extreme end of one or other of the bolts will inter-
cept a projecting tooth on the disk D, so as to prevent the same from turning
round with the axis B, but to hold it steadily motionless at the end of the
barrel of the gill mill, when the same is turning rapidly round. The disk D, D,
though circular, is not a plane, but two portions of its circumference are
made winding or a twist on the edge, as represented in the edge view, that is
to say, one fourth part or quadrant of the grooved circumference which is
uppermost, and another opposite quadrant which is lowermost, are vertical
planes situated square or perpendicular to the horizontal axis B, B, but those
two quadrants are in two distinct vertical planes parallel to each other, but one
of those planes is nearer to the end of the revolving barrel than the other;
the two intermediate fourth parts or quadrants of the circumference, (viz.), thoso
which join between the aforesaid highest and lowest quadrants, are obliquely
winding or inclined planes which twist or wind gradually from one of the
aforesaid quadrants to join to the other of them, with an easy curvature at
their several joinings. The groove which extends all round the circumferenco
in the thickness of its edge partakes of the said winding obliquity of the front
and back quadrants, and the deviation thereof from vertical planes, but every
part of the said groove is equally distant from the central axis B, B. Note,

page_text: thus far the said revolving barrell, with its sliding boards x, y, x, y, to be
alternately moved backwards and forwards endways, and also the disk D, D,
are very much the same as was described in Mr. Daniell's Specification afore-
said, and the effects to be produced thereby are very similar. My present im-
provement thereon is in the transmitting of a suitable alternate backwards
and forwards endway motion from the obliquely winding groove around the
disk D, D, to each pair of the said boards x, y, or x, y, by means of a lever arm
1 and axis 2, with a double ended lever 3 for each pair of boards x, y, or a, y.
The said lever arm projects out from an axis 2, with points from the center of
the main axis B, B, to the circumference of the rim or wheel A, A, of the
revolving barrel opposite to one of the radii or arms F of the said rim A, A,
and suitable sockets are fixed fast to the said radius or arm F to sustain the
pivots at each end of the axis 2, and about those pivots it is moveable, so as
to play freely in the manner of a centre or axis of motion. The double ended
lever 3 is fixed fast upon the axis 2, and to each end of the lever 3 a con-
necting link is jointed to extind horizontally, as shewn at 5 and 6, behind each
of the sliding boards x, y, parallel thereto, and the other end of each connecting
link is jointed to a stud pin, which is forced fast into the back of the said
sliding board so as to project therefrom towards the centre of the axis B, B,
passing through a slot or middle opening in the middle of the grooved piece r, r,
and having the end of the connecting link 5 or 6 jointed to it. Note, each of
the sliding boards a or y is retained in its place in its grooved
suitable screw bolts or stud pins which project from the back of the board,
(being fixed fast thereto), and passing through two parallel side slots or open-
ings through the grooved pierce r, r, with washers and nuts on the said bolts
or pins (or else with cross pins) behind the grooved piece r, r, so as to retain
the sliding board or y sécurely therein, without confining the same or pre-
venting the freedom of its endway motion, which motion is communicated to
cach pair of the sliding boards, as the barrel revolves, by the extremity of the
arm entering into the groove in the edge of the disk D, and in circulating
round that groove the oblique winding direction thereof gives a corresponding
motion to the arm I and axis 2, and double ended lever 3, and by the links 5,
6, that motion is transmitted to the boards a. y, moving the same endways
with contrary endway motions, one from right to left, and the other from
left to right, every time that the extremity of the arm 1, in pursuing its
circulating motion, passes around either of the oblique or winding portions of
the groove, and then when the said extremity of the arm 1 passes around
the vertical portions of the said groove, no endway motion is given to either of
the boards or y for a time until the extremity of the arm 1 gets round to the
piece r, r, by

page_text: opposite winding portion of the groove, and by the contrary obliquity thereof
each of the boards is moved endways in an opposite direction to that before
stated as having been given to the same board; but at all times the endway
motion of one board X is contrary in direction to the endway motion, which
is given at the same time to its fellow, that is, to the other board y of
the same pair, y. The revolving barrel is provided with as many of tho
lever arms 1, axes 2, and double ended levers 3, with links 5 and 6 to the
sliding boards a, y, as there are pairs of boards a, y, in the revolving barrel
A, A, which must have an even number of boards on its circumference, so
as to admit of connecting them in pairs x and y. A gig mills constructed
according to the other part of my said improvements is partly represented in
Sheet Z of the Drawings hereunto annexed. It operates by an eccentric
circle D, with a revolving ring G encompassing the same, with several radical
links t, t, jointed to the ring G, and procceding therefrom to each pair of
boards a, y, and a, y, in order to give an endway backwards and forwards
motion thereto, such as has been before explained respecting Sheet Y, the said
parts being of a very similar nature to those described in Mr. Daniell's Speci-
fication aforesaid, but improved by the addition of a sun and planet wheel
motion and revolving crank, as herein-after described, for giving a more
regular and uniform excentric motion to the revolving ring G, and also
by a better arrangement of levers, for the purpose of transmitting the excen-
tric moton (which is given to the said ring G) to the several pairs of boards
a, y, and a, y, so as to produce the requisite endway motions thereof (as herein-
before explained) when the barrel revolves. A, A, is one of the rims or
wheels of the revolving barrel. B, B. part of the horizontal axis thereof. XC
and y the sliding boards thereof, to which the teazles are applied. r, 2, the
grooved pieces, into which the boards 7, r, aro fitted. All those parts are the
same as herein-before described respecting Sheet y. D, D, is the eccentric
circle, fitted freely upon a round part of the end of the axis B, with a project-
ing tooth to stop and detain the eccentric circle when required, and prevent
it from turning round along with the revolving barrel A, by intercepting the
said tooth by the end of one or other of the sliding bolts a, a, as herein-
before mentioned.
The sun and planet wheel motion and revolving crank, which consti-
tutes part of my present improvements, is as follows:-The sun wheel
10 is a spur wheel, fixed fast upon the central boss of the eccentric circle
D, so as to stand still or go round therewith, according as it is detained
or not detained by either of the bolts A or a.
11 is an intermediate spur
wheel mounted upon a stud or centre pin, which is fixed fast to one of the

page_text: arms F, or other parts of the rim A, so as to project out horizontally there-
from, parallel to the axis B, B. The teeth of the intermediate wheel 11
engage in the teeth of the sun wheel 10, and also in those of the planet wheel
12, which is a spur wheel of the same size and number of teeth as the sun
wheel 10, and is in like manner mounted in a stud or centre pin, which is
fixed fast to one of the arms F, or other part of the rim A, A, so as to project
out horizontally therefrom, parallel to the axis B, so as to form a firm axis or
centre of motion for the planet wheel 12 to turn round upon, when, by the
returning motion of the revolving barrel, the said planet wheel 12 is carried
around in a circular orbit around the fixed sun wheel 10, and in consequence of
the intermediate wheel 11 connecting the teeth of the sun wheel with those of
the planet wheel, the fixed sun wheel 10 is caused to govern and regulate
the motion of the planet wheel, in such manner that in circulating round in
its circular orbit as aforesaid the planet wheel 12 will move parallel to itself,
wherefore every portion of the planet wheel will describe a circle of the same
size as the circular orbit which its centre describes, and it follows that if a hori-
zontal diameter or line be drawn horizontally across the centre of the planet
wheel 12, and marked on the rim or teeth thereof, the said line will always
continue horizontal as the planet wheel circulates in its orbit; and the same may
be said of a vertical diameter to the said planet wheel, it will always continuo
vertical; and the said planet wheel 12 circulating in its orbit with such parallel
motion, is caused to govern and regulate the eccentric motion of the revolving
ring G by means of a crank pin 18 fixed fast into the planet wheel 12, and
entering into a socket in a projecting part of the ring G (or the said pin
13 may be fixed fast into the projecting part of the ring G, and enter into
a socket formed in the planet wheel 12); in either case, the centre of the
pin 13 being at a distance from the centre of the planet wheel 12 exactly
equal to the distance from the centre 40 of the eccentric circle D to the
centre of the axis B, that is to say, the eccentricity of the circle D is to be
exactly equal to the exntricity of the crank pin 13, and likewise the wheels
and parts are to be so put together that the radius of one eccentricity is to bo
exactly parallel to the radius of the other eccentricity (that is to say), if the
centre 40 of the eccentric circle D is exactly underneath the centre of the
axis B, then the centre of the crank pin 13 must be exactly underneath the
centre of the planet wheel 12, and that being the case the parallelism of the
motion of the planet wheel, (which is produced as aforesaid by the action of
the fixed sun wheel 10 and intermediate wheel 11), will cause the said two
radii of eccentricity to continue parallel during the course of the circulation of
the planet wheel through all portions of its circular orbit. The consequence
of this arrangement is that the excentric ring G will also be caused to

page_text: move parellel to itself during its revolution around its fixed excentric circle D
(that is to say), every one of the joints by which the several links t, t, are
connected to the revolving ring G will be caused to describe a circle, or
move in a circular orbit of its own, all those orbits being of the same size
as the circle which would be described by the crank pin 13 moving around
the center of the planet wheel 12, and at all times every one of the said joints
will occupy the same relative situation in its own circular orbit, whether it be
the top or summit thereof, or the bottom or lowest point of the said orbit,
wherefore every one of the said joints for the links t, t, will have equal and
similar motion communicated to it by virtue of the excentric D, the effect of
that motion being first to draw in each joint nearer towards the centre of the
nxis B of the revolving barrel, as the same goes round, and then to throw
the same out further from that centre, with alternate reciprocating motion of
the nature of that which is produced by an excentric or by a crank. The said
drawing in motion of one joint takes placo coincidently with the throwing out
motion of the opposite joint, across the centre 40 of the excentric circle D.
The said reciprocating motion of the several joints is transmitted to the several
pairs of boards x, y, x, y, by means of the links t, t, which extend outwards to
the extremities of levers 15, which are mounted upon stud pins 16, fixed fast
to the rim A, and projecting out horizontally therefrom, with small bevil
wheels 17 (or portions of bevil wheels), affixed to the centres of the said levers
15, and the teeth of those bevil wheels 17 act in the teeth of other correspond-
ing bevil wheels 20, which are mounted upon axles or spindles 18, which are
fixed to the ends of the stud pins 16, in such a direction as to point towards
the centre of the axis B, and are steaded by suitable brackets 19, fixed to the
rim A of the wheel, and on each of the bevil wheels (or portions of bevil wheels),
20, a double ended lever 3 is fixed fast, so as to move therewith, and from
each end of the said double ended lever 3, connecting links 5 and 6 proceed
to give suitable endway motion to the two boards x, y, the same as before
described respecting Sheet Y; and note, in lieu of bevil wheels, (or portions of
bevil wheels) 17 and 20, the same effect may be produced by a short arm 28,
Figure M, projecting from each of the double ended levers 3, with a stud pin
formed at the end thereof, and projecting out therefrom in a direction away
from the centre of the axis 30 of the double ended lever 3, 3, and entering
into a slot or opening in an arm 29, which projects out from the centre piece
of the lever 15, so as to communicate the motion of the latter to the double-
ended lever, the same as bevil wheels would do.
And as to the mode of using gig mills constructed according to my said
improvements, it is the same as is described in Mr. Daniell's Spesification afore-
said, and the effect that the teazles are intended to produce upon the cloth by the

page_text: endway motion of the teazle boards, at the same time that they revolve with the
revolving gig barrel, being therein fully described, need not be here repeated;
neither the action of the sliding bolts a, a, which can be withdrawn altogether
from the tooth, so as to allow the circular disk D, or the excentric D, to run
round freely with the revolving barrel, in which case the teazles will operate just
as usual in any common gig mill; or by moving the lever handle w one way the
end of one of the bolts a will intercept the tooth, and detain the disk D or
the excentric D in one position, suitable for giving endway motion to the pairs
of boards containing the teazles when they are acting on the cloth, one
board of each pair moving endways from right to left, whilst the fellow
board is moving endways from left to right; or by shifting the lever handle w
that bolt a which acted is withdrawn, and the other advanced so that its end
will catch the tooth, and detain the circular disk D, or the excentric D, in a
position half way round on the main axis B from what it stood before, by
which change cach board which before moved from right to left when its
teazles were acting on the cloth, will then move from left to right when so
acting, by which means the contrary sides and hooked points of the teazles
will be brought in turn to act on the cloth for dressing the same with the
oblique action explained in Mr. Daniell's Specification aforesaid.
Having now described my said improvements, I, the said George Haden,
do hereby declare that my Invention consists in the application and arrange-
ment of the connecting levers, marked with numeral characters of referenco
in Sheet Y, for the purpose of giving endway motion to the several boards
x, y, x, y, from the oblique winding groove of the circular disk D, and also
the application of the sun and planet wheels and crank pin, marked with
numeral characters of reference in Sheet Z, and the connecting levers for
governing and regulating the motion of the excentric ring G, and transmitting
suitable endways motion therefrom to the boards x, y, x, y, in the manner
herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Haden, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-third day of April, One thousand eight
hundred and thirty-four.

page_text: TUNDRELL, A
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-third day of April,
in the year of our Lord 1834, the aforesaid Georgo Haden came before
our said Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above
written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the
tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Twenty-fourth day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and thirty-four.