Improvements in Anchors.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 17th Apr., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 12th Feb., 1894-Accepted, 17th Apr., 1894
Improvements in Anchors.
I HENRY FRANKLIN HIRON of No. 75 Alderney Street, Pimlico, in the
County of London, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
My invention relates to anchors of the class or type known as Martin anchors,
and it consists of certain improvements in the form and construction of such
anchors whereby they are made with increased hearing surfaces, they are simple of
construction, and they can be made much cheaper and better than hitherto.
In an anchor made with my improvements the cross bar for receiving the flukes
or palms turns in an opening or round eye formed in the head of the shank, and its
movement to either side to the right angle is permanently and effectually regulated
by means of a bolt passing through the back of the shank head, and into a slot or
recess at the central axis of the cross bar. By another method the movement of
the cross bar is regulated by the bolt through the back of the shank head and a
solid rib or stop at the central axis of the cross-bar on the outside working in a
recess extending partly or right across the opening or round eye of the shank head.
The flukes or palms are so constructed that they can be rivetted to the ends of the
cross bar, the flukes or palms so fitted are of greater width than hitherto, and they
are ribbed in such a manner as to give additional strength and holding power to
the anchor there being no risk of the flukes or palms breaking or bending at their
points. The stock or steadying arms are made in any suitable way usual in anchors
of the class or description.
In making an anchor with my improvements the different parts constituting the
same are cast in mild fluid steel, or in a malleable alloy of iron and other metal,
and by another method the cross-bar and shank are made of forged steel and the
flukes or palms and the stock or steadying arms are cast in mild fluid steel or in a
malleable alloy of iron and other metal suitable for the purpose.
1002
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Anchors.
I HENRY FRANKLIN HIRON of No. 75 Alderney Street Pimlico in the
County of London, Civil Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My said invention relates to the class or type of anchor in which the cross arms
turn in the head of the shank such for example as those known as Martin anchors
and the object of my invention is to improve the form and construction and increase
the efficiency of such anchors whereby they are made with increased bearing
surfaces and consequently of much greater holding power strength and durability
and whereby they are simple of construction more efficient in use and they are
much more easily and cheaply made than hitherto.
In order that my invention may be fully understood I now proceed more
particularly to describe the same and for that purpose I shall refer to the several

page_text: figures in the annexed sheet of drawings, the same letters of reference indicating
corresponding parts in all the figures.
Fig. 1 and 2, are front and side elevations of the complete anchor.
Fig. 3, front elevation of the shank of the anchor by itself.
Fig. 4, side elevation of the shank of the -anchor by itself showing the bolt and
recess in the shank head.
Fig. 5, plan of the cross-bar by itself showing the slot or recess for receiving
the bolt and the rib or stop for working in the recess in the shauk head.
Fig. 6 and 7, front. and side elevations of one of the flukes or palms by itself.
Fig. 8, plan of the bolt for securing the cross-bar in its position and regulating
its movement to the right angle on either side.
Fig. 9, plan of the stock or steadying arms.
Fig. 10, plan of the buoying shackle.
Fig. 11, plan of the chain shackle.
In an anchor made with my improvements as shown in the drawings, the cross-
bar "A" turns in an opening or round eye "B" formed in the head of the shank "C"
and its movement to either side is permanently and effectually regulated to the
right angle by means of a bolt "D" passing through the back of the shauk head
and into a slot or recess "E" at the central axis of the cross-bar. I make the
bolt of the maximum size practicable so as to give the greatest power of resistance
compatible with the thickness of the head of the shank whereby its resisting
surface is increased and the liability to the deflection of the cross-bar beyond the
proper angle is obviated whilst at the same time a permanent se' or indentation of
the bolt on the axis of the cross-bar is avoided when brought violently into collision
on being tested to great strains.
The bolt is secured in its position by means of a cross-pin from side to side of
the shank head and through the buoying shackle. I make the central axis of the
cross-bar of the maximum diameter practicable consistent with the size of the head
in order that the slot or recess therein shall be sufficiently deep and wide to give
the greatest amount of resisting surface to the back bolt.
"
By another method the movement of the cross-bar to either side is permanently
and effectually regulated to the right angle by the back bolt through the back of
the shank head and into the slot or recess at the central axis of the cross-bar acting
in conjunction with a solid rib or stop "F at the central axis of the cross-bar
working in a recess "G" extending partly or right across the opening or round
eye of the shank head. By constructing the back bolt of the maximum size
practicable and the central axis of the cross-bar of the maximum diameter
practicable as herein before described I am able to make the anchor perfectly
effective and strong enough for all purposes without the recess at the side of the
shank head and the rib or stop on the cross-bar. The arrangement of the back
bolt and the slot or recess in the cross-bar may be employed either alone or in
conjunction with the rib or stop on the cross-bar working in the recess at the side
of the shank head. The flukes or palms "H" are constructed separately and they
are secured to the ends of the cross-bar by means of the pins or rivets "I," and
the flukes or palms so fitted are made and ribbed in such a manner as to give
greater width power and additional strength, they are more simple of construction
and more certain in their action than hitherto. The flukes or palms are made
either flat on all sides and tapering to the point, or flat on two sides and rounded
on the outer edges, and the extremities are finished to what is known as a chisel
point forming a part of an octagon or hexagon, the taper of the palms being the
same on every side. The strength and holding power of the flukes or palms are
thus greatly increased whilst at the same time the liability is obviated to the
fracture or bending of the points.
I make the stock or steadying arms of the anchor of a rectangular flat bar,
tapering on one side from a short parallel part in the centre towards each end, and
quite flat or straight on the other side, the ends are flat and the top and bottom
are slightly inclined towards the head to enable the stock or steadying arms to

page_text: take the ground more freely. I make the length of the stock or steadying arms
rather less than the distance between the centres of the flukes or palms so that it
may perform its proper duty without disturbing the ground immediately in front of
the flukes or palms. The stock or steadying arms may be made of any other
suitable form that will avoid the fouling of the cable. The stock or steadying
arms and the flukes or palms may be made with holes in any part of them for the
convenience of catting, fishing and stowing. The shank of the anchor may also
be fitted with a double centre shackle for lifting purposes. The remaining parts
of the anchor are made in any suitable way usual in anchors of the class or type.
In making an anchor with my improvements the different parts constituting the
same are cast in mild fluid steel, or in a malleable alloy of iron and other metal,
and by another method the cross-bar and shank are made of forged steel, and the
flukes or palms and the stock or steadying arms are cast in mild fluid steel or in a
malleable alloy of iron and other metal.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is.
1. In anchors of the class or type referred to constructing the cross-bar with the
slot or recess and the rib or stop substantially in the manner and form described
and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
2. In anchors of the class or type referred to constructing the shank of the
anchor with the recess in the head substantially in the manner and form described
and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
3. In anchors of the class or type referred to constructing the flukes or palms
and the stock or steadying arms substantially in the form and for the purposes
herein before described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
4. In anchors of the class or type referred to constructing the different parts of
the anchor of mild fluid steel or malleable alloy of iron and other metal, and
constructing the cross-bar and shank of forged steel and the flukes or palms and
the stock or steadying arms of mild fluid steel or malleable alloy of iron and other
metal substantially in the manner described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
5. The general construction arrangement and combination of parts constituting
an anchor substantially as herein before described and illustrated in the accompanying
drawings.
Dated this 12th day of February 1894.
HENRY FRANKLIN HIRON.