Improvements in and relating to the Sockets of Pipes for Drainage, Sewerage, or other Purposes.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 18 h May, 1895
Complete Specification Left, 16th Dec.. 1895-Accepted, 22nd Feb., 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to the Sockets of Pipes for Drainage,
Sewerage, or other Purposes.
I, TIMOTHY SABINE of Brook House, Swadlincote in the County of Derby,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The object of my invention is to provide or effect certain improvements in and
relating to the sockets of pipes for drainage or other purposes, to secure a perfect
alignment of the pipes when laid and a firm bed for the bases of the sockets, also
to minimise the waste occasioned by damage to the sockets often found in burning,
and to prevent any side play or rolling.
My invention applies to pipes and sockets of any material and more especially to
earthenware drainage pipes, also to either long or short sockets, to sockets formed
on the pipes themselves, to loose sockets in one piece or to sockets made in loose
parts.
There is danger in sewers or the like constructed of socket jointed pipes laid in
the ordinary way, of side play or rolling and of the spigot of the pipe dropping
below the interior surface of the adjoining pipe, this is brought about by various
causes and as will be readily understood retards the flow of sewage and a lodgment
is formed for soli. which lodge, decompose and form injurious gases and in the
case of sewers of ve y slight fall is a constant source of trouble and annoyance.
In carrying out n y said invention I form the lower half of the socket externally
with a flat base to bed well on to the ground or other surface upon which the pipes
have to be laid the external sides of the said lower half slope or curve upwards to
the upper half. The internal surface of the lower half of the socket is made or
formed concentric with the spigot of the pipe but slightly larger to admit of a
small quantity only of jointing or packing material or substance of any suitable
kind; the internal surface of the upper portion of the socket is made concentric or
approximately concentric with the spigot of the pipe but a considerable space is
left between the spigot and the said upper internal surface of the socket to provide
what I may term "socketting room when fitting the pipes together.
"
The spigot of one pipe is first placed well up in the upper half of the socket and
then pressed down into the lower half upon the jointing or packing substance or
composition, the space between the upper external surface of the spigot and the
internal surface of the socket being afterwards packed with any suitable material
or composition as desired. I form an annular groove in the centre round the
internal lower surface of the socket to receive the cement or other packing
substance.
I am aware that a rib or nib or nibs have been used in the lower internal half of
the socket but in my opinion there is considerable danger of these getting knocked
off either in manufacture, handling or fixing, I therefore make this bed as I may
teim it of the full depth of the socket and with an annular groove in the centre as
already stated.
1 may also form my improved sockets in separate pieces altogether from the
pipes, the latter in such a case being plain cylindrical tubes butting together and
surrounded with the socket which may be made of any length suitable for the
purpose. may
also form the improved socket in two loose parts, the upper one-
to fit over the lower, the latter being provided with lips or stops if desired to guide
the upper one into its proper position, this will be found especially useful in large

page_text: pipes when it is desired to take up any portion of a sewer or the like, the lower
half of such a loose socket would be of great use in laying half pipe drains which
are frequently used as land drains or the like.
Although I have stated the improved socket to consist of an upper and lower half
I do not mean this to be taken in a literal sense, the division between the lower and
upper part may be somewhat below the centre line if desired or even slightly above
but I prefer to keep it at or near the centre.
Dated this 17th day of May 1895.
W. SWINDELL,
Agent for the Applicant.
Improvements in and relating to the Sockets of Pipes for Drainage,
Sewerage, or other Purposes.
I, TIMOTHY SABINE of Brook House, Swadlincote, in the County of Derby,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
The object of my invention is to provide or effect certain improvements in and
relating to the sockets of pipes for drainage or other purposes, to secure a perfect
alignment of the pipes when laid and a firm bed for the bases of the sockets, also
to minimise the waste occasioned by damage to the sockets often found in burning.
and to prevent any side play or rolling.
My invention applies to pipes and sockets of any material and more especially to
earthenware drainage pipes, also to either long or short sockets, to sockets formed
on the pipes themselves, to loose sockets in one piece or to sockets made in loose
parts.
There is danger in sewers or the like constructed of socket jointed pipes laid in
the ordinary way, of side play or rolling and of the spigot of the pipe dropping
below the interior surface of the adjoining pipe, this is brought about by various
causes and as will be readily understood retards the flow of sewage and a lodgement
is formed for solids which lodge, decompose and form injurious gases and in the
case of sewers of very slight fall is a constant source of trouble and annoyance.
In describing my invention reference will be had to the accompanying drawings
which form a part of this Specification:-
Figure is a longitudinal section on line 'a.' 'a' of Figure 2 shewing one
application of my invention.
Figure 2 is a transverse section on line 'b.' 'b.' of Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a longitudinal section on line 'c.' 'c.' of Figure 4 shewing another
application of my invention.
Figure is a transverse section on line 'd.' 'd.' of Figure 3.
Figure 5 is a longitudinal section on line
application of my invention.
e.
6
e.' of Figure 6 shewing a third
Figure 6 is a transverse section on line 'f' 'f' of Figure 5.
It will be seen that the drawings shew the joints only between two pipes, other
matter not being necessary to the illustration of my invention is omitted.
I will first describe my invention as applied to a socket formed on the pipe as
illustrated in Figures 1 and 2. In this application of my invention I form the
lower half of the socket externally with a flat base A to bed well on to the ground
or other surface upon which the pipes have to be laid the external sides A¹ of the
said lower half slope or curve upwards to the upper half A2. The internal surface
of the lower half of the socket is made or formed concentric with the spigot B of
the pipe but slightly larger to admit of a small quantity only of jointing or packing

page_text: "
material or substance of any suitable kind; the internal surface of the upper
portion of the socket is made concentric or approximately concentric with the
spigot of the pipe but a considerable space C is left between the spigot and the said
upper internal surface of the socket to provide what I may term "socketting room
when fitting the pipes together. The spigot B of one pipe is first placed well up in
the upper half of the socket and then pressed down into the lower half upon the
jointing or packing substance or composition, the space C between the upper
external surface of the spigot and the internal surface of the socket being after-
wards packed with any suitable cement or composition as desired. I form an
annular groove D of any suitable section in the centre round the internal lower
surface of the socket to receive the cement or other packing substance, which may
either be packed in from the open end of the socket or poured in through one of
the openings E, the open end of the socket in the latter case being first surrounded
with a collar of clay or other plastic cement.
I am aware that a rib, or nib, or nibs have been used in the lower internal half
of the socket but in my opinion there is considerable danger of these getting
knocked off either in manufacture (the spigot of one pipe generally being placed
in the socket of the one next below in the kiln) or in transit, handling or fixing,
I therefore make this bed as I may term it of the full depth of the socket and
with an annular groove in the centre as already stated.
I will now describe the application of my invention illustrated upon Figures 3
and 4 in which the joint is of a similar description to that shewn upon Figures 1
and 2 except that the pipes F, F, are plain cylindrical tubes butted together inside
a loose piece which I may term a loose socket, the said loose socket consisting of
essentially the same parts as those illustrated upon Figures 1 and 2 namely a flat
base G with sloping sides G' and crown G2 an annular groove H of any suitable
section at or near the centre of the bearing surface for the ends of each pipe,
socketting space I, with or without feed holes for pouring in liquid cement or the
like.
Upon Figures 5 and 6 is illustrated another application of my invention in which
the pipes K are as in Figures 3 and 4 plain cylindrical tubes without sockets,.
butting together inside a loose socket in two parts, the lower part consisting of a
flat base L with sloping sides L' and an annular groove M to each pipe end, the
upper part L' of each loose socket in this case is exactly the same as the lower
one, inverted. The advantage of having the upper and lower parts interchangeable
will be apparent.
The loose socket illustrated on Figures 3 and 4 might also if desired be formed
in two pieces as shewn by dotted lines N on Figure 4. The loose sockets will be
found especially useful for large pipes and when it is desired to take up any portion
of a sewer or the like or to put a junction therein, it also provides an excellent
means of inspection for the surveyor or other superintendent before the upper half
is put on; it is also possible that in a many cases where a great flow of sewage is
not anticipated that the top part of the socket will not be required, a very good
joint as far as the lower half of the pipes is concerned being effected with the lower
part only. The lower half of such a loose socket would also be of great use in
laying balf pipe drains which are frequently used as land drains.
Although I have stated the improved socket to consist of an upper and lower
half I do not mean this to be taken in a literal sense the division between the
lower and upper parts may be somewhat below the centre line if desired or even
slightly above but I prefer to keep it at or near the centre.
The annular grooves P on the spigot ends of the socketted pipes, and on the ends
of the cylindrical pipes, would preferably be made somewhat larger and deeper
than is at present the case so that with the aid of the cement or the like the socket
and spigot, or the part of the loose socket and the ends of the cylindrical pipes or
tubes, are firmly locked or secured together, any number of these annular grooves P
may be employed from one as shewn on Figure 3 or more as shewn upon Figures 1
and 5.

page_text: It will be understood that openings may be formed in the upper part of the
sockets of any of the joints herein described and illustrated for pouring in liquid
cement or the like and that in such a case a collar of clay or other plastic material
or substance would be placed round the open end of the socket while being filled.
Although my invention is herein described in reference to pipes or tubes of a
circular cross section it is evident that the said invention may be made equally
applicable to pipes or tubes of other cross sections than circular.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is -
1. The improved socket formed on the pipe, consisting of a thickened lower half
or portion having a flat external bed or base A, an internal annular groove or
recess D therein and an upper part A' arranged to leave a space C between the
spigot and socket substantially as and for the purposes described and illustrated.
2. The improved loose piece or loose socket in one piece, consisting of a thickened
lower half or portion having a flat external bed or base G with internal annular
grooves or recesses H, H, therein and the upper part G2 arranged to leave the
space I between the cylindrical pipes F, F, and the underside of the said loose
socket substantially as and for the purposes described and as illustrated upon
Figures 3 and 4.
3. The improved loose pieces or loose socket in parts, the upper and lower parts
thereof being of the same or of approximately the same section and having a
flattened external bed or base L and internal annular grooves or recesses M, M, in
combination with the cylindrical butt pipes K, K, substantially as described herein
and as illustrated upon Figures 5 and 6.
4. The improved loose socket in two parts as shewn by dotted lines N N on
Figure 4: the lower part consisting of a thickened portion with flattened external
base G and internal annular grooves or recesses H; the upper part of a semi-
circular shaped crown G' arranged to leave a space I between the pipes F and the
underside of said piece G2 substantially as described and illustrated.
Dated this 14th day of December 1895.
W. SWINDELL,
Agent for the Applicant.