IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS-STOVES.
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Alexander Rippingille, of Aston-juxta-
Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN GAS-STOVES.
"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Alexander
Rippingille at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th
December 1881.
EDWARD ALEXANDER RIPPINGILLE of Aston-juxta Birmingham in the County of
Warwick. " IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS STOVES."
The Invention has for its object improvements in gas stoves and relates to means
whereby greater economy in the consumption and more perfect combustion of gas
together with greater effectiveness are obtained and whereby the products of
combustion are, when desired, prevented from escaping into the room, chamber or
building in which the said stoves are placed.
I will first describe my Invention as applied to a gas stove constructed with an
oven and with seats or openings above the same for kettles or other culinary
vessels; I place the burner or burners in a chamber or flue at one or each side of
the oven and I perforate such chamber or flue at the bottom to admit fresh air to
support combustion; the products of combustion pass upwards partly into the
oven through perforations or openings in the upper part thereof and partly through
the side Blues and partly through perforations or openings in the crown of the
oven direct to the openings or seats for the culinary vessels. The products of
combustion entering the oven, are by the draft in the side flues caused to pass into
a space or flue under the oven in order to obtain a good bottom beat and are
thence drawn away into the side flues. In some cases I do not permit any of the
products of combustion to enter the oven but conduct a portion of them by suitable
flues or channels over the top of the oven, down a flue or channel at the back
thereof and then underneath the same and away by the side flues.
The seats for the culinary vessels are formed with circuitous passages to
prevent the too rapid escape of the products of combustion; and in order that the

page_text: products of combustion passing into the side flues from the bottom flue shall be
prevented from coming into contact with the flame and thereby injuring the
combustion of the gas, I apply guards or shields to the burners and thereby separate
them and the incoming fresh air from the said products of combustion, this part of my
Invention is also applicable to various other forms of gas stoves as will be hereafter
described.
In order to prevent liquid boiling or spilled out of the culinary vessels from
dropping on to the burners, any such liquid is by guides or shields directed into
the side flues to one side of the burners the same being allowed to escape by
suitable openings.
If desired the stove can be formed with a double casing and the air to support
combustion can in such case be made to pass through the enclosed space to the
burner or burners thereby becoming warmed on its passage; in cases where a large
amount of oven space is required I employ another burner or burners and a flue
between two ovens which are otherwise constructed and heated in a somewhat
similar manner to that before described.
The method above described of preventing the products of combustion from
mingling with the incoming fresh air is applicable to stoves in which series of
burners are arranged on the same or on different levels; thus in a warming or
cooking stove in which rows of jets are mounted at different levels, I arrange the
guards or shields so that they shall form as it were a separate chamber for each
row of jets, each chamber being open at the bottom or back to the supply of fresh
air and the products of combustion passing away at the top of such chamber, a
guard or shield being employed to prevent the products of combustion passing to
and mingling with the fresh air to support combustion, in this case I also cause
the combined products of combustion to pass by a flue to the upper part of the
body of the stove whence they are caused to pass away by an opening at the lower
part thereof, being to a large extent cooled, condensed and absorbed by being caused
previous to their exit to pass over or through a body of lime or other purifying
material through circuitous passages and over water contained in the lower part of
the body of the stove in close proximity with the outlet.
In cases where it is desired to prevent the product of combustion passing into
the room, chamber or building in which the stove is placed, I enclose the burner
or burners in a close chamber the upper part of which is hinged or removeable
from the lower part so as to enable the same to be turned back or lifted when it is
desired to light the gas and which is provided with a water joint or with other
sealing means so that when the parts are in their normal position the stove is
hermetically scaled from the room and the joint of the outlet flue is also sealed off
from the inlet'; in connection with such closed chamber are an inlet and an outlet
passage which I conduct together to the outside of the room, chamber or building
and connect with a divided head or guard protected from the weather, each division
being provided with transverse perforated tubes passing entirely through the same
which are open at each end to the outer atmosphere, and are so placed relatively to
each other as to prevent the liability of the products of combustion being drawn
from the outlet into the inlet openings.
If desired a stove constructed as above described may be used for lighting as
well as heating purposes and instead of making the upper part removeable, the
lower part may be so made.
When carrying the inlet and outlet passages outside the room, chamber, or
building in which the gas stove is placed the body of the stove may be a fixture
but in such case in order to permit of the lighting of the burner or burners and at
the same time prevent the passage into the room of the products of combustion
I fix in the stove a perforated tube open at both ends and in such tube I place
another perforated tube which is closed at both ends preferably by transparent
material, the fixed tube is carried by the outer casing of the stove and by an inner
division plate rising somewhat above the lower end of the inner chimney which
is placed immediately over the burner or burners; by these means the fresh air.

page_text: entering the stove will be drawn across the perforated tubes over the upper edge
of the division plate and down to the combustion chamber thereby in the event
of any escape taking place into the room, chamber or building from the stove,
causing only fresh air to pass through the orifice containing the inner perforated
tube. I also by means of tubes or division plates cause the products of
combustion rising to the upper part of the stove to pass to and fro in an extended
chamber communicating with the body of the stove but separated from the
combustion chamber otherwise than by the inlet, the products of combustion
are then led away by the outlet passage.
The above method of obtaining an extended circulation of the products of
combustion is also applicable to other forms of gas stoves.
The method above described of preventing the passage of the products of
combustion into the room, chamber or building in which the gas stove is placed by
sealing the joint between the upper and lower parts of a gas stove and of
leading the inlet and outlet passages together to the exterior of the room chamber
or building are also applicable to gas stoves employed for heating a boiler of
any suitable construction in which case I cause the sealing arrangement to scal
a division separating the inlet and combustion chamber from a tubular part
of the boiler, thereby causing the products of combustion first to rise up to the
upper part of the boiler and then to pass down across amongst or through a
tubular portion of the boiler.
The method above described of preventing the products of combustion mixing
with the fresh air passing to the burners is also applicable to lacquering stoves,
and to japanning or other stoves or ovens in which one or a number of rows of
jets are arranged close underneath the bottom of the oven or heating plate or
vessel to be heated for this purpose I apply to each row of jets a guard or shield
extending the entire length thereof and enclosing such row of jets on the sides
and in some cases on the bottom thereof, each of such guards or shields being open
at one part to the fresh air, while the products of combustion pass over the edges
of each guard or shield and away through a suitable outlet. The products of
combustion may be employed to heat the incoming fresh air.
In a ring or other similar burner I apply the above guards or shields between
each of the jets which may issue from ordinary circular perforations or through
long slits or openings and in this latter case I prefer to form the sides of the slits
or openings with projecting lips.
If desired atmospheric air may be warmed by passing through suitable tubes
or chambers in the stove.

page_text: A slight modification of this part of my Invention is represented at Figure 1º in
which the top of the oven is shown carried completely across the top of the flue g
and a deflector b* forming a continuation of the guide or shield 63 is fixed at the
upper part of the oven under the seat whilst a single aperture 6 is formed in the
oven top immediately under the centre of the seat d. By these means all the
products of combustion are caused to pass through the opening 6' where by means
of the deflector b they are partly directed through the opening 62 and partly
into the oven.
The seats d for the culinary vessels are formed with circuitous passages sco
Figures 3 and 7 to prevent the too rapid escape of the products of combustion;
and in order that the products of combustion passing into the side flues g, g, from
the bottom flues h shall be prevented from coming into contact with the flame and
thereby injuring the combustion of the gas I apply guards or shields i, i, to the
burners c, c, and thereby separate the latter and the incoming fresh air from the
said products of combustion; this part of my Invention is also applicable to various
other forms of gas stoves as will be hereafter described.
In some cases as shown at Figures 5, 6, and 7 I do not permit any of the products
of combustion to enter the oven but conduct a portion of them by a suitable flue
or channel j over the top of the oven then down a flue or channel at the back
thereof and then underneath the same and away by the side flues g, g, and in order
to ensure the required bottom heat to the oven I partially throttle the outlet of
one of the flues g by a plate g³ thereby causing some of the products of combustion
to be drawn directly under the oven from the lower part of the said flue g by the
draft in the opposite flue.
If desired the stove can be formed with a double casing a' as shown by dotted
lines at Figure 1 and the air to support combustion can in such case be made to
pass through the enclosed space to the burner or burners c, c, thereby becoming
warmed on its passage.
In cases where a large amount of oven space is required I employ another
burner or burners c and a flue g between two ovens placed alongside of each
other and which are otherwise constructed and heated in a somewhat similar
manner to that before described as will be readily understood without any further
description.
The method above described of preventing the products of combustion from
mingling with the incoming fresh air and passing therewith to the burners is
applicable to stoves in which series of burners are arranged on the same or on.
different levels; thus in a warming or cooking stove in which rows of jets aro
mounted at different levels I arrange the guards or shields i as shown at Figures 8,
9, 10 and 11, so that they shall form as it were a separate chamber for each row
of jets, each chamber being open at the bottom or back to the supply of fresh air
and the products of combustion passing away at the top of such chamber, a guard
or shield being employed to prevent the products of combustion from passing to
and mingling with the fresh air to support combustion; in this case I also as
shown at Figure 8 cause the combined products of combustion to pass by a flue m
to the upper part of the body of the stove whence they are caused to descend and
to pass away by an opening n at the lower part thereof being to a large extent
cooled, condensed, absorbed and purified by being caused previous to their exit to
pass over or through a body of lime or other purifying material through circuitous
passages as shown and over water contained in the lower part of the body of the
stove in close proximity with the outlet n. The lime or other purifying material
is supported on shelves a², a³, at, the centre one a³ being represented as a fixture
in the body a of the stove and the upper and lower shelves a² and a being
connected to a plate a³ and arranged to slide in and out on guides a. These
shelves may however all be made removeable if desired.
If desired atmospheric air may be warmed by passing through suitable tubes or
chambers a* in the stove as shown at Figure 8.
In Figures 10 and 11 I have shown a gas stove formed with rows of jets one

page_text: above another and provided with shields or guards i and 7 and with a flue mas
above described applied to an ordinary fire grate, the upper end of the flue m
being passed through the register of the stove.
In cases where it is desired to prevent the products of combustion passing into
the room chamber or building in which the stove is placed I according to the
arrangements represented at Figures 12, 13, and 14 enclose the burner or burners c
in a close chamber a the upper part of which is hinged at o or may be removeable
from the lower part so as to enable the same to be turned back or lifted when it
is desired to light the gas and which is provided with a water joint a' as shown
or with other sealing means so that when the parts are in their normal position
the interior of the stove is hermetically sealed from the room and the joint of the
outlet flue p is also sealed off from the inlet q. In connection with such closed
chamber are an inlet and an outlet passage q¹ p¹ which may be carried in any
required direction and which I conduct together to the outside of the room chamber
or building and connect with a divided head or guard 7 (see Figures 12, 14, 15)
protected from the weather, each division being provided with transverse perforated
tubes passing entirely through the same which are open at each end to the outer
atmosphere and are so placed relatively to each other as to prevent the liability
of the products of combustion being drawn from the outlet into the inlet
openings.
If desired a stove constructed as above described may be used for lighting as
well-as-heating-purposes-and-instead-of-making-the-upper-part-removeable-the-
lower part may be so made. This arrangement of stove is represented by two
vertical sections at Figures 16 and 17 in which a piece of glass as is shown fixed
opposite the burner c and such piece of glass may follow the contour of the body
of the stove as shown by the full lines at Figure 17 or it may be formed globular
or of other shape and be made to project beyond the body of the stove as shown
by the dotted lines in such Figure in which latter case I prefer to place the
burner c and flue g further forward as shown also by dotted lines. The body of the
stove represented at Figures 16 and 17 is shown with the upper part fixed to the
base thereof by rods a, the lower part of the body being moveable up and down
upon the said rods which act as guides, weighted levers a or other suitable means
being employed to sustain the lower part of the body of the stove in its raised
position whilst the said lower part of the body can be readily pressed downwards
when it is required to light the burner.
When carrying the inlet and outlet passages q¹ p₁ outside the room chamber or
building in which the gas stove is placed the body of the stove may, as represented
at Figure 18, be a fixture but in such case in order to permit of the lighting of
the burner or burners and at the same time prevent the passage into the room
of the products of combustion whilst the stove is in use I fix in the stove a
perforated tube all open at both ends and in such tube all I place another
perforated tube a¹ which is closed at both ends preferably by transparent material
in order to permit of a view of the burner. The fixed tube all is carried by the
outer casing or body a of the stove and by an inner division plate a¹³ rising
somewhat above the lower end of the inner chimney g which is placed imme-
diately over the burner or burners c; by these means the fresh air entering the
stove by the inlet passage q' will be drawn across the perforated tubes a, a, over
the upper edge of the division plate, a3 and down to the combustion chamber
thereby in the event of any escape taking place into the room chamber or
building from the stove, causing only fresh air to pass through the orifice
containing the inner perforated tube a¹².
I also by means of tubes s as shown at Figures 13, 14, and 18 or by division
plates 8 as shown at Figures 19 and 20 cause the products of combustion rising to
the upper part of the stove to pass to and fro in an extended chamber a commu-
nicating with the body of the stove but separated from the combustion chamber
otherwise than by the inlet tube or flue g, the products of combustion are then led
away by the outlet passage p². The above method of obtaining an extended

page_text: circulation of the products of combustion is also applicable to other forms of gas
stoves.
The methods above described with respect to Figure 18 of preventing the
passage of the products of combustion into the room chamber or building in which
the gas stove is placed and of leading the inlet and outlet passages q' p¹ together
to the exterior of the room chamber or building as shown and described with respect
to Figures 12, 13, 14, 15, 17 and 18 are also applicable to gas stoves employed for
heating a boiler of any suitable construction this arrangement is represented at
Figure 20 on reference to which it will be seen that I separate the inlet and
combustion chamber from the tubular part of the boiler by a division plate a¹s
thereby causing the products of combustion first to rise to the upper part of the
boiler and then to pass down across, amongst or through the tubular portion of the
boiler after which they pass away by the outlet passage p¹ which together with
the inlet passage q' terminates in a divided head or guard of similar construction
to those herein before described.
The method above described of preventing the products of combustion from
mixing with the fresh air passing to the burners is also applicable to lacquering
stoves and to japanning or other stoves or ovens in which one or a number of rows
of jets are arranged close underneath the bottom of the oven or heating plate or
vessel to be heated.
This part of my Invention is represented at Figures 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26 and
27 which show three different arrangements. In the arrangement represented at
Figures 21 and 22 the guards or shields i, i, extend the entire length of the rows
of jets and form a series of chambers or flues between the rows of burners c these
chambers or flues all communicate at one of their ends with an outlet passage or.
chamber p the spaces containing the burners c communicating below with an inlet
passage or chamber q¹ which is open to the atmosphere but is separated from the
outlet passage or chamber p¹. At Figures 23 and 24 the burners c are enclosed at
the sides and bottom along their entire length by guards or shields i which form a
series of combustion chambers in communication with the inlet passage or chamber q¹.
A somewhat similar arrangement is represented at Figures 25, 26, and 27 but the
air to support combustion is admitted to the passage or chamber q' through openings
in the side thereof whilst the outlet passage or chamber p' discharges the products
of combustion at the end thereof. By these arrangements fresh air is admitted to
the burners c and the products of combustion pass over the edges of each guard or
shield and away through the outlet p'. If desired the products of combustion
may be employed to heat the incoming fresh air.
The guards or shields i are also applicable to ring or other similar burners or
stoves as represented at Figures 28 to 33 in all of which c. c. represent the orifices
or perforations and i, i the guards or shields which are placed between each of the
orifices or perforations the fresh air to support combustion rising up the hole or
opening in the centre of the burner or stove and the products of combustion passing
to the outer edge of the burner or stove between the guards or shields i which are
made sufficiently high to obtain the full effect from the flame before the products
of combustion are carried away and which also serve as seats for culinary
vessels.
If desired as represented at Figures 28, 29, and 30 the jets may issue through
long slits or openings in which case I prefer to form the sides of the slits or openings
with projecting lips as shown.
The arrangement represented at Figures 28, 29 and 30 enables the burner to be
produced out of sheet metal by stamping.
In the arrangements represented at Figures 31, 32 and 33 the slits or openings
are shown of similar characters to those now generally in use. By constructing
ring or other similar burners with guards or shields i as above described I am
enabled to ensure a supply of fresh air to each jet to support combustion and at
the same time to prevent the products of combustion from one jet passing to
another jet and thereby injuring the combustion of the gas whilst by forming the

page_text: guards or shields i curved as shown I prevent the heat and products of combustion
from escaping too rapidly from the stove or burner. Figure 34 represents the
lower part of a gas stove with a ring burner c protected by an annular shield or
guard i.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention and the mode in which
I carry the same into effect, I would have it understood that what I claim is
First. The improvements in gas cooking stoves whereby the required heat is
imparted to the oven and to the seats & and the products of combustion passing to
the flues from the bottom of the oven are prevented from mingling with the fresh
air passing to the burners to support combustion substantially as herein shown and
described.
Second. Forming the seats for culinary vessels on gas stoves with circuitous
passages to prevent the too rapid escape of the heat and products of combustion
substantially as herein shown and described with respect to Figures 3. 7. 28 31
and 32.
Third. The peculiar combination and arrangement of parts of a gas stove
substantially as shown and described with respect to Figure 8 and for the purpose
stated.
Fourth. The peculiar arrangements and combinations of parts of gas stoves
substantially as shown and described with respect to Figures 12 to 20 and for the
purpose stated.
Fifth. The improvements in gas stoves used for warming purposes or for heating
a boiler whereby facility is afforded for lighting the stove whilst the products of
combustion are prevented from entering the room, chamber or building containing
the gas stove substantially as herein shown and described.
Sixth. The method of obtaining an extended heating surface in gas stoves
substantially as herein shown and described with respect to Figures 13, 14, 18, 19
and 20.
Seventh. The improved heads or guards for the inlet and outlet passages of gas
stoves substantially as herein shown and described.
Eighth. The application of guards or shields i and of separate inlet and outlet
passages to the burners of lacquering and japanning and other gas stoves or ovens
to conduct fresh air to each separate burner or row of burners and to prevent the
mingling therewith of the products of combustion from adjacent burners or rows of
burners substantially as herein shown and described.
In witness whereof I the said Edward Alexander Rippingille have hereunto
set my hand and seal this Ninth day of June One thousand eight hundred
and eighty two.
ED. ALEXR, RIPPINGILLE. (L.S.)