Improvements in Machines for Rolling Shafting, Car, Wagon, and Carriage Axles.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 26th Mar., 1889-Accepted, 29th June, 1889
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machines for Rolling Shafting, Car, Wagon,
and Carriage Axles.
We, THOMAS MCBRIDE, residing at South Street Wharf Schuykill, in the City and
County of Philadelphia, State of Pennsylvania, one of the United States of America,
and EBENEZER FISHER, subject of the Queen of Great Britain, residing at Kincarden,
Province of Ontario, and Dominion of Canada, Gentlemen, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
Our invention relates to improvements in machines for rolling shafting, car, wagon,
and carriage axles.
The main object of our invention is to produce shafting of a decimal size, which
will be straight and perfectly round, in one and the same operation.
Our invention consists in mounting one of the rolls in sliding bearings, said
hearings being adjusted toward or from the other roll by suitable devices which
will insure a perfect alignment and adjustment of said rolls.
.
Our invention consists further in driving the rolls by means of a worm gearing,
so as to insure a uniform movement of the rolls and allow them to impinge on the
shaft being rolled with an equal pressure, so as to produce an article of uniform
density and temper throughout its entire length.
Our invention consists further in the arrangement and construction of adjustable
guides and supports, which will hold the shaft being rolled in its proper position
with relation to the center of the rolls, and at the same time allow the shaft to be
automatically fed forward into the rolls at proper intervals.
Our invention consists further in certain details of construction which will be
fully described hereinafter and pointed out in the claims.
Referring to the accompanying Drawings:
Figure 1, is a side elevation of the machine.
Figure 2, is a top or plan view of the machine.
Figure 3, is a sectional end view of the machine, taken on the line, x, x, of
Figure 2.
Figure 4, is an end view of the machine.
Figure 5, is a front view of one set of guide plates.
Figure 6, is an end view of the guide plates.
Figure 7, is a sectional view of one of the guide plates; taken on the line, y, y, of
Figure 5.
Figure 8, is a side view of one of the plates which support the guide plates.
Figure 9, is a top or plan view of the device shown in Figure 8.
Figure 10, is a sectional view of the device shown in Figure 8; taken on the
line,,, of said Figure.
Figure 11, is a plan view, partly in section, of the rolls for rolling carriage axles.
Figure 12, is a vertical sectional view of Figure 11, taken on the line, y', y'.
Figure 13, is an end view of the rolls, showing the supports for the material to be
rolled.
Figure 14, is a side view of the device for adjusting the material to the central
rolling line.
Figure 15, is a side view of the bifurcated yoke which operates the guide.
Figure 16, is a front view of the adjustable guides, which are adjustable independent
of the movement of the rolls.
17 is an and view of the same

page_text: Figure 18, is a top or plan view.
A, indicates the frame of the machine which is built in a substantial manner to
stand the strain to which the operating parts are subjected and in which the rolls, B,
and, C, are mounted in suitable bearings or housings, such as is well known in this
class of machines.
The roll, B. is mounted in stationary bearings, while the roll, C, is mounted in
movable bearings, D, provided with suitable adjustable devices and means for
operating the same, as will more fully. hereinafter appear.
The outer ends of the rolls, B, and, (, are provided with worm wheels, E, which
engage the worms, F, formed on the main driving shaft, G, said shaft being mounted
in suitable support at one side of the machine, and provided with a band pulley, H.
through which motion is imparted to the shaft from any suitable source of power.
I, is a friction clutch which engages with the band pulley, H, to change the same
from a fast to a loose pulley, said clutch being operated by the arm, K, and lever, I,
to throw the clutch in or out of engagement with the band pulley, H, in a manner
well known to this class of devices.
We will now describe the automatic guides for holding the material to be operated
upon in its proper relation to the rolls, and the devices for operating said guides.
M, are metallic bars or plates, secured to the frames or housings above and below
the rolls, by means of headed bolts, a, which work in recessed grooves, b, formed in
said frames, so that the bars or plates, M, can be adjusted with relation to the fixed
roll, B. The bars or plates, M, are provided with extensions, N, and with slots, c, in
which the plates, O, for holding the guides are located. The plates, O, are movably
secured in the extensions of the cross-bars, M, by means of bolts, d, working in the
slots, c.
P, are the guides secured to the lower ends of the plates, O, by means of the
bolts, f, passing through the slots,.g, and by which means the guides are held in
position with relation to the plates, O, the screw-bolts, h, serving to adjust the guides
in their proper position before the bolts, f, are tightened, and in this way the guides
can be moved toward the rolling center, as their edges are worn away.
The guides, P, extend across the entire width of the rolls so that the bar or shaft.
to be rolled will be firmly supported throughout its entire length during the process
of rolling.
The guides and plates to which they are attached, are automatically operated to
meet the requirements of shafts or rods of different diameters, by means of the
following devices:
R, are yokes which encircle the axis of the rolls, C, one at each side of the
machine, said yokes being provided with bifurcated extensions, s, which are flanged,
as shown at, i, Figure 3, to engage offsets, k, formed on the plates, O, so that as the
roll, C, is moved backward from the roll, B, the plates, O, with the guides, will be
moved from each other in opposite directions, and the space between the guides
enlarged, but when the roll, C, is moved toward the roll, B, the guides will approach
each other, and the distance between the guides be diminished; this provides means
by which the guides can be set automatically to suit shafts or rods of different size
by the movement or adjustment of the movable roll, C.
T, are wedge shaped blocks supported from the plates O, by means of the bolts, V,
the inclined portion of the said blocks being designed to rest against the inclined
portions of the yokes, which prevent the guides from being forced back from a line
parallel with the axis of the rolls by, the material which is being operated upon.
As before stated, the rolls, B, and, C, are mounted in suitable bearings or boxes in
the frame of the machine the faces of said rolls being provided with one or more
flattened portions, m, and so timed in their movements with relation to each other,
that the flattened portions will be facing each other when they reach the point where
the shaft or rod is introduced to be operated upon by the rolls, thus providing an
open space into which the shaft or rod is moved forward the proper distance, before
the circular portions of the periphery of the rolls impinge upon the article being

page_text: rolled. The rolls, B, and, C, are provided with annular grooves to arrest the oil,
water, and scale, and prevent the same from working into the bearings or journals
of the rolls, and thus obviate undue wear on the journals and journal boxes.
The journal boxes of each of the rolls are provided with screw-bolts, o, having
heads, p, and a jam nat, r, to hold said bolts in their proper position. The office
or function of the bolts, o, is to hold the rolls the proper distance apart, so that
they will he perfectly solid, and will at all times retain their proper positions; the
heads of the bolts in one journal box coming in contact with the heads of bolts in
the other journal box, prevent the rolls from moving toward each other, and in
this way a true and perfect alignment of the rolls is at all times preserved, no
matter what amount of strain the rolls may be subjected to.
W, and, W, are screw shafts working within suitable screw.nuis, located in the
rear ends of the journal hoxes of the roll, C.
The screw shafts, W, and, WI, are mounted in suitable bearings and are provided
with gear wheels, A', A", which are driven by the devices which will now be
described.
B¹, is a friction roll mounted on the main driving shaft, G, which imparts motion
to the friction wheel, B, said wheel being mounted in bearings, D¹, which is
supported by the toggle lever, D".
The bearing, D, is held from lateral and longitudinal displacement by bars, E¹,
which are secured to the boxes of the bearing and to the boxes, E", which surround
the main driving shaft.
The lower ends of the toggle levers, D", are secured to the bed of the machine,
while their central portions are secured to the inner .ends of the rods, E', the outer
ends of said rods being secured to the arm, F1, of the shaft, G¹, the shaft, G', being
operated by the hand lever, G".
The friction wheel, B¹, imparts motion to the wheel, B", which, when in the
position shown in Figure 4, imparts motion to the wheel, C, mounted on the
shaft, C.
The inner end of the shaft, C, is provided with a pinion wheel, EI', which meshes
with the gear wheels, A', and, A", on the shafts, W, and, W'.
The shaft, W, is also provided with a friction wheel H", which receives motion
from the friction wheel, B", when the same is brought into contact with it. The
offices or functions of the devices just described are to move the roll, C, toward or
from the stationary roll, B, and the operation is as follows:
When it is desired to impart motion to the screw shafts, W, W¹, to move the roll
forward, the friction wheel, B", is brought into contact with the friction wheel, C, by
the manipulation of the land lever, G, which imparts motion to the shaft, (, and
to the wheels A', A", on the shafts, W, and, W, by means of the pinion wheel, H',
on the end of the shaft, C, and when it is desired to move the roll, C, back, the
friction wheel, C, is brought into contact with the friction wheel, H", on the shaft, W,
by drawing the lever, G", out to straighten the toggles, D". This reverses the
movement of the shafts, W, W1, and moves the roll, C, quickly rearward. It will be
understood that when the shafts to be rolled are of uniform size, it will not be
necessary to change the position of the roll, C, when it has been once properly set
and adjusted; but when axles for wagons etc., are to be rolled in both a hot and
cold condition, it may be necessary to have frequent adjustment of the rolls, and in
this case, rolls of the proper taper and form are substituted for the plain rolls.
The material to be rolled as has been intimated is fed in at the side of the machine,
on a line parallel with the axis of the rolls and emerges through an opening in the
other side of the machine, and as has been indicated, the rolls are. made flat in certain
portions in order that the shaft being rolled may be fed forward at proper intervals ;
and in order to do this automatically and at the proper moment of time, we employ
the following devices:
+
a
1, is a metal plate or disc secured to the outer end of the roll, B, by means of

page_text: screw bolts, S, passing through the segmental slots into the end of the roll. The
object of having the slots segmental is to allow the disc or plato, 111, to be adjusted to
any desired position on the end of the roll. The plate, or disc, 1", is provided with a
dovetailed groove, K', to receive the correspondingly shaped head of the studs, K",
said studs being screw threaded at their outer ends to receive a screw-threaded nut, u,
and by which said studs are held in position in the grooves, K', and rendered capable
of being adjusted or fixed at any desired point in said groove, K.
L', is a lever pivoted at one end to the side of the machine, while the other or free
end projects into the path of studs, K, and by which said lever is operated, the throw
of said lever being regulated by the distance the studs are located from the periphery
of the disc, I¹¹.
L", is a rod held in suitable guides, v, and supported by a spring, a', said
rod being hent at the top to a right angle to enter a slot, al, formed in the
lever, L. The object of the slot, a", is to allow the arm of the rod, L", to have
a certain amount of motion therein, so the rod will impinge on the sides of the
guides, v.
The lower end of the rod, L", is provided with a pawl, M', which engages with a
ratchet wheel, M, mounted on the shaft, N¹, said shaft being also provided with
a sprocket wheel, N", which operates the sprocket chain, O', said sprocket chain being
connected to the shaft or rod which is being rolled, in any suitable manner, so as to
feed the same forward into the rolls at each downward movement of the lever, L1,
the motion of the lever being so timed by the position of the studs, K", that the
shaft or bar will be advanced between the rolls when the flat portions of said rolls
have reached the rolling center.
011, is a support mounted on the bracket, P11, secured to the side of the machine, a
similar support, P, being placed between the housings of the rolls to more effectually
support the article which is being rolled.
R', are thimbles mounted in the supports, O", and, P, said thimbles being made
in two parts and held loosely in such supports by the flanges, b'.
When it is desired to roll axles or shafts from square or irregular shaped metal
bars the openings in the thimbles are made to conform to the shape being rolled,
so that the thimbles and bar will revolve together when acted upon by the rolls, B,
and, C.
For the purpose of setting the guides and adjusting the material to be rolled to the
proper rolling center, we employ the following devices:
R", is a bar of any suitable material, through which are passed the bolts, /",
said bolts being connected at their lower ends by the cross-bar, cl, to form a stirrup,
the upper ends of said bolts being screw-threaded to receive the thumb nut, c, and by
which the bolts, 1, and the cross-bars, cl, are raised and lowered.
S', is a metal plate secured to the side of the bar, R", in a firm and substantial
manner, the lower end of said plate being bifurcated. The ends of the bifurcated
portions of the plate are drawn to a fine point and adapted to lie close to the sides of
the bolts, 6, on both of which is formed a linear scale, a. The points of the bifur-
cated plate indicate the rolling center, so that when the bar, R", (one on each side of
the machine) has been laid in the journals of the rolls, B, and, C, and the testing
shaft, S, laid on the cross-bar, c', the thumb nuts are turned to raise or lower the
bolts,, so that the center of said shaft will be on a line with the center of the rolls.
The guides, P, are now adjusted so as to impinge on the testing shaft, S". After the
guides have been secured in position the testing shaft, S¹, is removed, the bars, 1th,
taken from one of the journals of the rolls, and the shaft to be rolled inserted. between
the rolls, C, and, B.
: In Figures 15, 16 and 17, we have shown a modification of the guide plates,
and in which they are adjustable toward and from the rolling center, but not
in any way dependent upon the movement of the roll, C, their adjustment being
separate and independent.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is―
1st. In a machine for rolling metal, the combination of two rolls geared to run at
a uniform rate of speed, and each having a flat surface throughout its length, the
rolls being so arranged that the flat surfaces will face each other during each
revolution, to allow the material to be fed forward, and but one roll being adjustable
toward and from the other, substantially as shown and described.
2nd. In a machine for rolling metal, the combination of two rolls geared to run
at a uniform rate of 'speed, one roll being adjustable toward and from the other, and
adjustable upper and lower guides or supports between said rolls to support and hold
the material being rolled, substantially as shown and described.
3rd. In a machine for rolling metal, the combination of the roll, B, mounted in
permanent bearings, the roll, C, mounted in adjustable bearings, adjustable upper and
lower guides between said rolls to support and hold the material being rolled, and
yokes, R, to control the said guides, substantially as shown and described.
4th. In a machine for rolling metal having two rolls, one of which has stationary
bearings, and the other of which is movable toward and from the first, the combination
with the journals of the movable roll, of upper and lower guide plates to guide and
support the material being rolled, and yokes, R, secured to the journals of the movable
roll and provided with inclined arms, S, to engage and adjust the guide plates, sub-
stantially as shown and described.
5th. The guides, P, adjustably secured to the plates, O, in combination with the
adjustable plate, M, whereby the guides are adapted to be adjusted in a vertical and
horizontal direction, as set forth.
6th. The combination of the plates, O, the yoke, R, provided with arms, S, and the
wedges, T, the said wedges being adapted to engage the edges of the arms, S, whereby
the guides are held against displacement, substantially as shown and described.
7th. The combination with rolls, B, C, and their journal boxes or housings of the
screw bolts, O, having heads, p, and jam nuts, m, the bolts in opposite boxes projecting
into contact with each other, whereby the rolls are prevented from approaching cach
other, substantially as shown and described.
8th. The roll, B, provided with the disc, I, and the adjustable bolt, K", in
combination with the lever, L', bar, L", pawl, m', ratchet wheel, m, sprocket
wheel, n", and chain, O', whereby the material is automatically fed into the rolls, as
set forth.
9th. The combination with the journal boxes of roll, C, of the screw shafts, W, WI,
connected with said boxes, the gear wheels, A¹, A", on said screw shafts and a con-
nection hetween the wheels, A', A, and the main shaft, substantially as shown and
described.
10th. In a machine for rolling iron, having a stationary and movable roll, the
combination with the journal boxes of the movable roll, of screws connected there-
with to move said roll back and forth, of a reversing gear connected with said
screws to turn them in one direction or the other, substantially as shown and
described.
11th. The combination with the roll, C, and its journal boxes, the screw shafts, W, W
connected with said boxes, the gear wheels, A¹, A", on said shafts and a friction wheel
on one of the same, of a shaft, C, carrying a friction wheel, C₁, and a pinion, the
latter being in gear with both the wheels, A', A", the toggle levers, D, and the
friction wheel, B, mounted thereon, a main driving shaft and a friction wheel, B',
thereon, and a lever and connections for throwing the friction wheel, B, into
contact with either of the wheels, B', or, C¹, substantially as and for the purpose set
forth.
12th. The combination with the rolls of a machine for rolling metal, of a work
guide and support consisting of a rotary thimble or box mounted in a supporting arm

page_text: or bracket and adapted to embrace and hold the article being rolled and to turn there--
with, substantially as shown and described.
13th. A mechanism for adjusting the article to be rolled to the proper rolling
center, consisting of the combination of the bars, R", bolt, 61, cross-bar, c, indicating
plate, S¹, and nuts, c¹¹, as shown and described.
Dat
1
1000
THOMAS MOBRIDE.
EBENEZER FISHER.
By Jensen & Son,
77, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Patent Agents.