IMPROVEMENTS IN The Manufacture of SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS
Year: 1872

page_text: ; .
LETTERS PATENT to James Archibald Jaques, of Tottenham, in the
County of Middlesex, Chemist; and John Banks, of Colney Hatch
Road, Wood Green, in the same County, Surgical Instrument
Maker, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN The Manufacture of
SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS."
Sealed the 23rd July 1872, and dated the 31st January 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Archibald Jaques
and John Banks at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 31st January 1872.
We, JAMES ARCHIBALD JAQUES, of Tottenham, in the County of
Middlesex, Chemist, and JOHN BANKS, of Colney Hatch Road, Wood'
Green, in the same County, Surgical Instrument Maker, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS," to be as follows:-
:
Our Invention of improvements in the manufacture of surgical instru-
ments relates to that class of instruments (either tubular or solid) which

page_text: are intended to be introduced into cavities in the body for various
surgical purposes. The instruments comprised in this class include
æsophagus tubes and bougies, rectum, vagina, uterus, urethra, eusta-
chian, nasal and other tubes, rectum and urethra bougies, catheters,
rectum and other plugs, connecting tubes for enema apparatus, stomach
pumps, and other analogous apparatus. Some of these instruments have
heretofore been made of metal when great strength is required, and
there is no objection to the rigidity of this material, but others which
must of necessity be flexible have usually been made of some textile
material, such as silk, cotton, or flax, woven or plaited into a tubular
form and coated internally and externally with some gummy or resinous
preparation and then varnished. It has been found that tubular in-
struments made in this manner either do not possess sufficient flexibility
or they are liable to become cracked and damaged in use.
climates, moreover, these instruments become sticky and in a short time
totally useless.
In hot
.
Our Invention consists in making the above and other analogous
surgical instruments of a material, or rather a compound of materials,
which will possess the requisite strength, flexibility, and liardness.
externally which are so essential for instruments of this class. The
material we use for these purposes is a compound of hard and soft india-
rubber, prepared by mixing metallic sulphurets, with the native rubber
and then submitting the mixture to definite degrees of heat so as to
produce the desired chemical change in the mass. The mode of pre-
paring the rubber to produce this change in its constitution is usually
called mineralizing or vulcanizing, and forms no part of our present
Invention. The interior or core of all these instruments is made of the
hard compound to give the article sufficient rigidity, and the exterior
or outer surface of the article is formed of soft vulcanized rubber to
impart the required amount of softness and flexibility, the two kinds of
rubber being firmly united together in the process of manufacture.
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Any person conversant with the manufacture of vulcanized india-
rubber will know that the amount of rigidity to be given to any
particular instrument will depend upon the thickness of the hard rubber
used in making the article.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James Archibald Jaques and John Bank's in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 31st July 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JAMES
ARCHIBALD JAQUES, of Tottenham, in the County of Middlesex, Chemist,
and JOHN BANKS, of Colney Hatch Road, Wood Green, in the same
County, Surgical Instrument Maker, send greeting.
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WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirty-first day of January, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the thirty-
fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto us, the said James Archibald Jaques and John Banks, Her
special licence that we, the said James Archibald Jaques and John Banks,
our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the
said James Archibald Jaques and John Banks, our executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANO-
PACTURE OF SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS," upon the condition (amongst others)
that we, the said James Archibald Jaques and John Banks, our executors
οι administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
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NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Archibald Jaques, on behalf,
of myself and of the said John Banks, do hereby declare the nature of
our said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement (that is to say):-
Our Invention of improvements in the manufacture of surgical instru-
ments relates to that class. of instruments (either tubular or solid) which

page_text: are intended to be introduced into cavities in the body for various
surgical purposes. The instruments comprised in this class include
æsophagus tubes and bougies, rectum, vagina, uterus, urethra, eustachian,
nasal, and other tubes, rectum and urethra bougies, catheters, rectum and
other plugs, connecting tubes for enema apparatus, stomach pumps, and
other analogous apparatus. Some of these instruments, have heretofore
been made of metal when great strength is required, and there is no
objection to the rigidity of this material, but others which must of
necessity be flexible have usually been made of some textile material,
such as silk, cotton, or flax, woven or plaited into a tubular form and
coated internally and externally with some gummy or resinous prepara-
tion and then varnished. It has been found that tubular instruments
made in this manner either do not possess sufficient flexibility, or they
are liable to become cracked and damaged in use. In hot climates,
moreover, these instruments are liable to lose their tubulàr form, become
sticky, and are in a short time totally useless.
Our Invention consists in making the above and other analogous
surgical instruments of a material, or rather a compound of materials,
which will possess the requisite strength, flexibility, and hardness which
are so essential for instruments of this class. The material we use for
these purposes is a compound of hard and soft india-rubber, prepared
by mixing metallic sulphurets with the native rubber and then sub-
mitting the mixture to definite degrees of heat so as to produce the
desired chemical change in the mass. The mode of preparing the rubber
to produce this change in its constitution is well known; it is usually
called mineralizing or vulcanizing, and forms no part of our present
Invention.
The instruments are made according to our Invention with a core or
lining of the hard compound to give the article the requisite rigidity, and
the exterior or outer surface of the instrument is formed of soft vul-
canized rubber to impart the required amount of softness and flexibility
thereto. These two kinds of rubber when combined will become firmly
united in the process of manufacture.
Any person conversant with the manufacture of vulcanized india-
rubber will know that the amount of rigidity to be given to any
particular instrument will depend upon the thickness of the hard rubber
used in making the article, and no rule can therefore be laid down for
the relative proportions of thickness of the two kinds of rubber. The

page_text: heads of these instruments, whether closed or open, may be formed of
hard rubber, and the opposite ends may be formed of moulded hard
rubber, either covered or not with a softer material. These instruments
we' cure either in moulds corresponding in shape to the form of the
instrument, or we embed them in French chalk or other suitable material
and submit them to the curing operation. On removing the cured
instruments from the oven they will be found to possess permanently
the required degree or amount of rigidity, elasticity, and softness without
having any tendency to become tackey or to crack under extremes of
temperature.
Having now set forth the nature of the Invention of " Improvements
in the Manufacture of Surgical Instruments," and explained the manner
of carrying the same into effect, we wish it to be understood that under
the above in part recited Letters Patent we claim, manufacturing surgical
instruments of the class above indicated from compound rubber, in the
manner above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Archibald Jaques, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, the 31st day of July, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two.