Improvements in Apparatus for Cooling, Ioing, or Freezing Articles of Food and Drink and other articles, and in the Manufacture of Part of the said Apparatus.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 4th June, 1892
Complete Specification Left, 11th Feb., 1893-Accepted, 11th Mar., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Cooling, Ioing, or Freezing Articles
of Food and Drink and other articles, and in the Manufacture of
Part of the said Apparatus.
I SAMUEL WALKER, of Lower Fazeley Street, Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
:-
My invention has for its object to effect the cooling, icing or freezing more
particularly of articles of food and drink without the use of ice and consists of
apparatus constructed essentially in the manner hereinafter described; whereby
the cold produced by the vaporization of liquid carbonic acid or other liquified
gases is employed for effecting the required reduction of temperature.
My invention further consists of the method hereinafter, described of manu-
facturing a part or parts of the said apparatus.
invention
Although the improved apparatus constituting the principal part of my
is especially adapted for the cooling, icing or freezing of articles of food and drink,
yet the said apparatus is also applicable to other analogous purposes.
The apparatus constituting the essential part of my invention is constructed
as follows. A receptacle preferably of the figure of a deep cylindrical cup formed"
of thin sheet metal is surrounded by a case also of thin sheet metal, the said case
having a spiral groove or screw like corrugation extending from top to bottom,
through which groove or corrugation the cold gas arising from the vaporization of
the liquid carbonic acid or other liquified gas passes and by the prolonged contact
of the cold gas in its passage through the said groove or corrugation with the central
vessel containing the material to be cooled, iced or frozen effects the required
reduction of temperature in the said central vessel and its contents.
Around the said corrugated case is an outer case of considerably larger diameter
and the space between the said outer case and the corrugated case is filled with
felt or other imperfect conductor of heat. The reservoir of liquified gas is con-
nected with a pipe opening into the lower part of the corrugated case. A valve
operated by a hand screw permits of the regulated escape of the liquified gas into
the bottom of the corrugated case when it volatilizes the cold gas produced passing
around the containing vessel cooling its contents and escaping into the air at the
top of the apparatus.
We prefer to make the corrugated case of copper by spinning or by electro
deposition upon a matrix of lead or other metal or alloy which can be melted out
of the electro deposit; or a matrix of wax or other non-conductor of electricity
may be employed the surface of the said matrix being made an electric conductor
by plumbago, or by any of the other well known processes employed in electro
deposition.
Although I prefer the corrugated case described as the most effectual method of
carrying my invention into effect yet I do not limit myself thereto as a coil of
tubing either without or within the containing vessel, or other analogous.
arrangements may be employed.
Dated the 4th day of June 1892.
W. T. WHITEMAN,
Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Cooling, Icing, or Freezing Articles
of Food and Drink and other articles, and in the Manufacture of
Part of the said Apparatus.
I SAMUEL WALKER of Lower Fazeley Street, Birmingham in the County of
Warwick Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of my invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
My invention has for its object to effect the cooling, icing or freezing more
particularly of articles of food and drink without the use of ice and consists of
apparatus constructed essentially in the manner hereinafter described, whereby the
cold produced by the vaporization of liquid carbonic acid or other liquefied gases
is employed for effecting the required reduction of temperature.
My invention further. consists of the method hereinafter described of manu-
facturing a part or parts of the said apparatus.
Although the improved apparatus constituting the principal part of my invention
is especially adapted for the cooling, icing or freezing of articles of food and drink,
yet the said apparatus is also applicable to other analogous purposes.
The apparatus constituting the essential part of my invention is constructed as
follows. A receptacle preferably of the figure of a deep cylindrical cup formed of
thin sheet metal is surrounded by a case also of thin sheet metal the said case
having a spiral groove or screw like corrugation extending from top to bottom,
through which groove or corrugation the cold and solidified carbonic acid gas
produced by the vaporization of the liquid carbonic acid or other liquified gas
passes and by the prolonged contact of the cold and solidified carbonic acid gas in
its passage through the said groove or corrugation with the central vessel con-
taining the material to be cooled, iced or frozen effects the required reduction of
temperature in the said central vessel and its contents.
Around the said corrugated case is an outer case of considerably larger diameter
and the space between the said outer case and the corrugated case is filled with
felt or other imperfect conductor of heat. The reservoir of liquefied gas is con-
nected with a pipe opening into the upper or lower part of the corrugated case.
A valve operated by a hand screw permits of the regulated escape of the liquified
gas into the top or bottom of the corrugated case when it volatilizes, the cold gas
produced passing around the containing vessel cooling its contents and escaping
into the air at the top or bottom of the apparatus.
The corrugated case may be made of copper by spinning or by electro deposition
upon a matrix of lead or other metal or alloy which can be melted out of the
electro deposit; or a matrix of wax or other non conductor of electricity may be
employed, the surface of the said matrix being made an electric conductor by
plumbago, or by any of the other well known processes employed in electro
deposition.
"
Instead of the corrugated case described a coil of tubing either without or
within the containing vessel, or other analogous arrangements may be employed.
I will now proceed to describe with reference to the accompanying drawings the
manner in which my invention is to be performed.
Figure 1 represents in elevation (parts being broken away) and Figure 2 in
vertical section, apparatus constructed according to my invention for cooling,
icing, or freezing articles of food and drink and other articles;
Figure 3 represents the same arrangement as that represented in Figures 1 and 2
excepting that the containing vessel is provided with an external corrugated or
spiral case for the passage through it of the cold gas in place of the coil of tubing
represented in Figures 1 and 2.
The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in the several figures of
the drawings

page_text: a is the cylindrical vessel or receptacle in which the food or drink or articles to
be cooled iced or frozen are placed, the said vessel or receptacle being covered at
top by the removable lid or cover b. In the interior of the said receptacle or
containing vessel a is the usual stirrer or vanes c, e for stirring the material being
operated upon and preventing the attachment of the frozen or cooled material to
the sides of the receptacle. The stirrer or vanes c, c are fixed to and driven by
the vertical axis d supported on a foot bearing at the bottom of the receptacle a as
seen in Figure 2. Surrounding the receptacle or receiver a and soldered thereto is
a second metal case e perforated with holes f near its top. In the annular space
or chamber g thus made between the receptacle a and case e is a coil of tubing h
(preferably copper tubing) fixed close to the exterior of the receptacle, the bottom
convolution of the coil opening at h³ (see Figure 1) into the annular space or
chamber g. Through the coil of tubingh the cold gas arising from the vaporization
or expansion of the liquid carbonic acid or other liquefied gas passes and from the
prolonged contact of the said cold gas, in its passage through the coil of tubing h,
with the central containing vessel a the material in the said vessel or receptacle is
cooled, iced or frozen. Around the chamber g containing the coil of piping h, is
an outer case i of considerably larger diameter than the said chamber, and the space
between the said outer case i and the chamber g is filled nearly to the top with dry
wool, felt, asbestos, sand or other imperfect conductor of heat k the top of the said
non-conducting material being covered with a layer of sealing wax, pitch or
cement to prevent it becoming damp and to prevent it being disturbed by the
escaping gas.
The liquefied carbonic acid or other liquefied gas passes from the chamber g by
the holes at top and enters the larger outer case i above the protecting layer/
and escapes into the air by the holes at m in the top of the said outer case as
indicated by the arrows in Figure 2.
The pipe conducting the liquefied gas from the reservoir containing it provided
with the usual regulating valve, is screwed into the socket or connection p in the
axis of which the top convolution of the coil of piping à terminates or opens, the
connection of the said top convolution with the screwed socket p being effected by
the brass or metal disc q having a fine hole in its middle, a gas tight joint being
made between the entering end of the coil of piping hand the socket p opening
into the store of liquefied gas, by the perforated leather discs or washers s, & on
either side the said brass disc q. It will be seen that the diameter of the piping
of the coil is considerably greater than that of the hole in the disc q so that as
the compressed gas passes through the said hole it suddenly expands in the said
coil of piping and by its prolonged passage through the said coil of piping and
contact with the containing vessel, effectually cools, ices or freezes the material in
the said vessel, the gas passing from the coil of piping h at its bottom convolution
and rising in the chamber g escapes by the row of holes f at top into the outer
case i and from thence into the air by the row of perforations m in the said outer
case as hereinbefore described.
In place of a single coil of copper tubing around the exterior of the central
containing vessel or receptacle as represented in Figures 1 and 2 for securing the
prolonged contact of the cold gas with the said containing vessel, a double coil of
piping may be employed either inside or outside the containing vessel. When the
single or double coil of piping is arranged within the containing vessel the vanes c, c
are made of smaller diameter. Or a thin sheet metal case having a spiral groove
or screw like corrugation in it extending from top to bottom, may be employed for
the same purpose as represented in Figure 3 and marked t. The top of the spiral
groove or screw like corrugation of the case t opens into the socket or connection p
in communication with the store of liquefied gas and the cold or expanded gas after
circulating through the groove or corrugation escapes into the annular chamber
and from thence into the air in the manner hereinbefore described with respect to
Figures 1 and 2. In the modification Figure 3 the parts are marked with the same
letters of reference as corresponding parts of the apparatus represented in Figures 1

page_text: and 2. The corrugated case t Figure 3 may be made of copper by spinning or by
electro-deposition as hereinbefore described.
In place of a helical coil of piping or thin metal case containing a spiral groove
or screw like corrugation, the prolonged passage of the cold gas about or around
the containing vessel may be effected in various ways. For example a continuous
zig-zag vertical pipe made by bending or made of a series of vertical parallel pipes
joined end to end may be arranged at the exterior or interior of the containing
vessel, the cold gas entering the zig-zag continuous pipe at one end and after
circulating through it escaping at the other end into the chamber g;
containing chamber may be encased in a fluted case and the latter in a second
fluted case, the cold gas travelling up one flute or series of flutes and down the other
flute or series of flutes.
or the
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my inven-
tion and the manner in which the same is to be performed I declare that I
claim as my invention :-
First The improvements in apparatus for cooling, icing or freezing articles of
food and drink and other articles herein before described and illustrated in the
accompanying drawings that is to say, the combination with the vessel or receptacle
containing the food or drink or other articles to be cooled, iced or frozen of one or
more helical coils of piping or one or more spirally grooved or screw like corrugated
metal cases or zig-zag vertical continuous piping or flutes or other like arrange-
ment constituting a tortuous or prolonged passage about the said containing vessel
and supplying the said tortuous or prolonged passage with compressed or liquefied
carbonic acid or other liquefied gas, by the vaporization and expansion of which
and its prolonged contact with the tortuous passage about the containing vessel the
required reduction of temperature is effected for cooling icing or freezing the food
or. drink or articles in the said vessel, the several parts of the apparatus being
constructed arranged and used substantially as described and illustrated.
Secondly-Making the helically grooved or screw like corrugated case forming
one of the arrangements of the tortuous passage about the containing vessel of the
apparatus claimed in the first claim, by spinning from thin sheet metal or by electro
deposition as hereinbefore described.
Dated the Sixth day of February 1893.
SAMUEL WALKEK.