IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FILTERING "LIQUIDS
Year: 1884

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
I-JOHN PERKINS JACKSON of 9 Canning Place Liverpool in the County of
Lancaster wine "merchants Engineer do hereby declare the nature of my said
invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FILTERING "LIQUIDS" to be as
follows:
This invention relates to improvements in apparatus for the filtration of water
and other liquids and its object is to provide simple and effective apparatus for the
purpose..
I make use of a cylindrical or polygonal frame of tinned copper or other suitable
material and consisting of an upper disc or top and a lower disc or bottom which
are held together by rods or bars or in other similar manner; the top disc has
passing through its centre and thus communicating with the interior of the frame
a small air tube. The lower disc of the frame carries an externally threaded or
male scrow which fits into a corresponding female screw or socket in the bottom or
in the false bottom of the filtering chamber and through a passage in the centre
of this male screw the filtered liquid passes. The frame preferably tapers or
diminishes in diameter in an upward direction. One or more of such frames may
be used and in the case of several they may communicate with a receiving chamber
I usually use a number of the frames.-
-
On each frame I secure or stretch a covering of woven asbestos canvas or other
suitable textile material and the frame or frames having been screwed into the
bottom (or false bottom) of a suitable receptacle or filtering chamber I mix finely
powdered animal charcoal, paper pulp, or other suitable filtering medium with
a quantity of the water, wine, or other liquid that I desire to filter. This mixture
being then poured into the filtering chamber and the outlet tap opened, the liquid
as it passes through the bag or covering into the interior of the frame and
out below deposits the filtering medium in and upon the meshes-of the bag or
covering and this coating or layer of filtering medium thereupon clarifies or filters
the liquid passing through it.
When the filtering to be done is small I use generally only one frame and then
I connect the draw off tap of the filter with the outlet of the frame itself but when

page_text: I use several frames they are screwed into a false bottom of the filtering chamber
and the lower chamber thus formed has its draw off tap independent of the frames.
To get at the interior of this lower chamber for cleansing purposes etcetera. I either
make the draw off tap with a very large shank to be taken out by unscrewing or
I make in the lower chamber one or more openings with water tight covers.
Sometimes after charging the filtering frame or frames in the manner previously
described 1 fill the space round it, or round and between them with granular
charcoal or other suitable filtering medium and I can then dispense with the screen
I should otherwise have used to prevent the splash of the liquor when it is poured
or runs into the filter. When I filter wines spirits or other liquids which I wish
after filtration to pass direct into bottle or cask, I mount the filter upon an iron
stand more or less tall and I also sometimes enlarge the upper part of the filter so
as to get a certain pressure of the liquid. In this case I make the filtering chamber
cylindrical in shape and with a lid through an opening in which the wine etcetera
can pass and its supply be controlled by means of a ball cock. There are in tho
filter one or more screens which serve to check the rush of the liquid when passing
in. In this form I use one or more frames and I prefer as frame covering a suitable
canvas cloth and as medium suitable paper pulp. I. sometimes affix a glass gauge
tube to this filter.
For pocket use I make the filtering chamber oval in form and preferably with
two oval frames or cylinders and a false bottom forming a lower chamber. This
lower chamber has an outlet plug or screw at the bottom and also an aperture for
cleansing. There is the usual screen above the frames and one drinking cup may
be made to telescope over the top and another over the bottom, the two meeting in
the centre,
This form I also make on a large scale for use as a camp or flock filter. Both
for the pocket and the camp form I use asbestos cloth and a carbonaceous filtering
medium.
For a large supply filter or use in connection with the supply of water from the
main I prefer to make the filter of an oval or oblong form and to mount it on a
strong stand in such manner that it can be tilted over or by means of projections
from the back or bracket affixed thereto may be secured to the wall. In this form
I make the lower chamber of a larger or smaller storage capacity as desired The
water comes in at the top and may be regulated by a tap and a ball cock and there
is also an over flow pipe. The draw off tap may have a union and hose coupling
or a connection whereby filtered water may be supplied to different parts of a house.
A suitable lid excludes the dust etcetera, and the screens may either be used, or if
granular medium is additionally employed, they may be dispensed with. In this
form I use from one to fifty or more filtering frames, they are covered with asbestos
cloth, and a carbonaceous filtering medium is that preferred.
Should it be desirable to have one of these large filters mounted for transport
I make it preferably almost square in form on a tilting stand so that the contents
may be readily got at, and the lid should be in several hinged divisions. It prefer.
ably would be mounted on two wheels connected by an axle tree cranked so as to
pass under the filter. The large draw off tap may be in the front and have a union
and coupling for hose, On the tail board of the cart may be fixed a rotary racking
pump with which the filter can be supplied.
Filters similarly arranged may also be adapted for marine use in which case the
lid would be bolted on, and the air tubes passing upwards at their upper openings
would be made to fit into one or more horizontal air tubes which pass or passes
through an opening in the lid into the air beyond and is or are bent over so as to
prevent the dust entering it or them.
For knapsack or pack-saddle use the outer casing may be enclosed in a leather
case with straps etcetera to keep it in the desired position. It is also well to
supply it with a pouch for the filtering medium, and short wooden feet upon which
to stand it also two telescoping cups as already described,

page_text: For village use or for small. communities or for large establishments I construct
a small filter house in the upper part of which is the large tank of unfiltered water
supplied in any of the usual automatic or mechanical manners. Under this I range
one or more large supply filters on tilting stands and it or they are fed from the
tank above by a supply pipe or pipes fitted with tap and ball cock. Below the
filters and preferably under ground is a large cistern for the filtered water which
may be drawn from thence by a pump etcetera. The underground cistern is fed
from the filter or filters by means of the outlet tap or taps or a ball cock or cocks
attached thereto.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
I, JOHN PERKINS JACKSON, 9 Canning Place, Liverpool, Lancashire, Wine
Merchant's Engineer do hereby declare the nature of my said invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FILTERING LIQUIDS" and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
This invention relates to improvements in apparatus for the filtration of water,
and other liquids, and its object is to provide simple and effective apparatus for the
purpose.
It is best described by aid of the accompanying Drawings.
Fig 1 is a sectional elevation of a small apparatus constructed according to my
invention with one filtering frame suitable for.the filtration of wine.
Fig 2 is a sectional elevation of a large apparatus with two or more filtering
frames, suitable for ordinary domestic use.
Fig 3 is an Elevation with part of the casing removed of a large size filter
provided with a number of filtering frames.
A is the external casing of the filter, B is a cylindrical or polygonal frame,
consisting of an upper disc or top band a lower disc or bottom c These are held
together by rods or bars D, as shown in Fig 1, or by perforated sheet metal or gauze
as shown at B', Fig 2. E is an air tube passing through the top disc communicating
with the interior of the filtering frame, and connecting it with the air space in the
top of the filter. F is an externally threaded or male screw attached to the lower
disc of the frame, which fits into a corresponding female screw or socket G in the
bottom H of the filtering chamber, or in a false bottom K and through a passage
in the centre of the screw F, the filtered liquid passes. The frame may be made to
taper, or diminish in diameter in an upward direction, though those in the
drawings aro with parallel sides.
Over each frame so constructed, I securo or stretch a covering of woven asbestos,
canvas, or other suitable textile, woven or perforated material, sufficiently fine to
collect and retain the filtering medium whether deposited by subsidence or
otherwise, and prevent it passing through with the liquid into the interior of the
filtering frame. Where a metallic substance is used of sufficient rigidity to form
walls to support the top or bottom discs, and retain the frame in shape and position,
no inner rods or supports need be employed. Where it is desired to specially
clarify the liquid, and prevent the chance of any trace of the filtering medium
penetrating the walls of the filtering frame, the frame itself may be made of a
metallic substance closely woven, or finely and closely perforated, and covered with
asbestos or other cloth. But I prefer either to use the skeleton frames, supported
by the bars D and covered with the asbestos, or like material, or the finely woven
or perforated metallic substance without any additional covering.
In order to prevent the rush or splash of the inflowing liquid displacing the
filtering medium deposited upon or in close proximity to the walls of the filtering

page_text: frames screens J are placed over or around them. These where a number of the
frames are used in one filter are preferably attached to the frame by being:
connected thereto at the bottom as seen at ; Fig 2. The description of filtering.
medium used will depend on the liquid under treatment, for water, carbon in some .
form I prefer, but for wine, paper pulp may be used. To deposit a layer of the
filtering medium in a finely divided state upon the walls of the filtering frame, the
medium is mixed with the liquid that is poured into the filter, and is deposited on
the wall of the frame as the liquid passes through. When the screens J are
affixed as shewn in Fig 2, the space between the frame and the screen may be
filled up with a granulated filtering medium, which will act as an additional.
protection to the walls of the filtering frame. The screens are provided with.
perforations of a suitable size to allow of the liquid passing through, and to keep
in position the filtering medium, and may, if desired, be so perforated as to direct
the flow of the liquid. The screen J, Fig 1, is open at the bottom, and passed over
and around the 6ltering frame. These screens may be of any shape, cylindrical,
conical or otherwise to correspond with the shape of the filtering frame in
connection with which they are used.
The liquid to be filtered is poured or allowed to flow into the filter from above
(the first supply being preferably charged with a certain quantity of the filtering
medium in a finely divided state) The screens J prevent it from displacing the
filtering medium already deposited on the frames. The liquid passes through the
textile or other covering of the frame, and where such exists through the inner
perforated wall also, and is clarified as it passes through the filtering medium,
which lies in and upon the meshes of the covering, or against the perforations of
the frame. The clarified or filtered liquor in the interior of the frame passes out
through the tap or pipe in the bottom, direct to the vessel which is to receive it, or
through the false bottom K into the chamber L prepared to receive it.
It will of course be understood that when desired the liquid may be led in from-
above, and so be caused to flow through the frame from the interior to the
exterior, retaining or dispensing with the outlet at the base of the frame I may
also dispense with the exit at base, and suck or draw the liquid out of the frame.
at the top.
When the quantity of liquid to be filtered or clarified is small, I prefer the filter:
shown in Fig 1, with only one frame, with the draw off tap M connected direct.
with the interior of the frame, but where a large quantity of liquid has to be passed.
through, I prefer to use a number of frames as in Figs 2 and 3 rather than to
greatly increase their size. When several frames are used they are connected to a.
false bottom K, and the lower chamber L thus formed has its draw off tap N
independent of the frames. To get at the interior of this lower chamber for
cleansing or other purposes, I either make the draw off tap, with a very large shank
to be taken out by unscrewing, or I make in the lower chamber one or moro
openings, O, with water tight covers.
When I filter wines, spirits, or other liquids.which I wish after filtration to pass
direct into bottles or casks I mount the filter upon an iron stand. P more or less-
tall, and I also sometimes enlarge the upper part of the filter, so as to get a certain.
pressure of the liquid. In this case, I make the filtering chamber cylindrical in
shape and with a lid, through an opening in which the wine etcetera can pass, and
its supply be controlled by means of a ball cock. A glass guage may be attached
to shew the height of the liquid.
For pocket use, I make the filtering chamber oval in form, and preferably with
two oval frames or cylinders and a false bottom forming a lower chamber. This
lower chamber has an outlet plug or screw at the bottom, and also an aperture for
cleansing. There is the usual screen covering or protecting the frames, and one
drinking cup may be made to telescope over the top, and another over the bottom,.
the two meeting in the centre.

page_text: °
This form I also make on a large scale for use as a camp or flock filter. Both
for the pocket and the camp form, I prefer to use asbestos cloth, and a carbonaceous
filtering medium though I do not restrict myself to the use of any particular woven
material or any particular filtering medium.
For a large supply filter for use in connection with the supply of water from the
main, I prefer to make the filter of a round oval or oblong form, and to mount it
on a strong stand in such a manner that it can be tilted over or so that by means
of projections from the back, or a bracket affixed thereto, it may be secured to or
placed against a wall In this form I make the lower chamber of a larger or
smaller storage capacity as desired. The water comes in at the top, and may be 1
regulated by a tap and a ball cock, and there is also an overflow pipe. The draw
off tap may have a union and hose coupling, or a connection whereby filtered
water may be supplied to different parts of a house. A suitable lid excludes the
dust or other foreign matter, and screens or outer frames are also used; If granular
medium is used it may be filled inside the screens as shewn, or the screens may bo 1
dispensed with and the material filled in amongst the frames. In this form I use
from one to fifty or more filtering frames, they are preferably covered with asbestos
cloth, and a carbonaceous filtering medium is that preferred. A filter of this form
is illustrated in Fig 3.
Should it be desirable to have one of these large filters mounted for transport,
I make it preferably almost square in form, on a tilting stand, so that the contents
may be readily got at, and the lid should be in several hinged divisions. It
preferably would be mounted on two wheels connected by an axle tree cranked so
as to pass under the filter. The large draw off tap may be in the front, and have
a union and coupling for hose. On the tail board of the cart may be fixed a rotary
racking pump with which the filter can be supplied.
Filters similarly arranged may also be adapted for marine use, in which case the
lid would be bolted on, and the air tubes passing upwards at their upper openings
would be made to fit into one or more horizontal air tubes, which should pass
through an opening in the lid into the air beyond, and be bent over so as to prevent
dust entering.
For knapsack or pack-saddle use, the outer casing may be enclosed in a leather
case with straps etcetera to keep it in the desired position. It is also well to supply
it with a pouch for the filtering medium, and short wooden feet upon which to
stand it, also two telescoping cups as already described.
For village use, or for small communities, or for large establishments, I construct
a small filter house, in the upper part of which is the large tank of unfiltered water,
supplied in any of the usual automatic or mechanical manners. Under this I range
one or more large supply filters on tilting stands, and it or they are fed from the
tank above by a supply pipe or pipes fitted with tap and ball cock. Below the
filters, and preferably under ground is a large cistern for the filtered water which
may be drawn from thence by a pump etcetera. The underground cistern is fed
from the filter or filters by means of the outlet tap or taps, or a ball cock or cocks
attached thereto,
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said 4
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I do
not make a general claim for, nor claim broadly the use of filtering frames inside a
filtering apparatus, nor for such frames when made of wicker work of open
construction, as such are clearly set forth and described in the Specification of
Letters Patent granted to me No 2714 of 1883, but what I claim is
1st A filtering frame-for use with, or forming part of an apparatus for filtering
liquids, consisting of an upper and lower disc connected together by bars or rods,
upon which a covering of finely woven, perforated, or other similar material is
stretched or secured substantially as described.
2nd In apparatus for filtering liquids, an inner filtering frame or chamber 6
having finely perforated or woven sides, or covering, against the face of which the
6

page_text: filtering medium is placed or deposited in combination with a surrounding screen
(such as J) substantially as described and shewn,
3rd A filtering apparatus for domestic use, constructed and arranged substantially
as described and shewn in Fig 3.
Dated this 25th day of February 1885.
WP. THOMPSON & Co.,
Of 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, and
323, High Holborn, London,
Patent Agents for the Applicant,