IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER, AND OF THE CHEMICAL MATTERS EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Townsend Hook and Eustace Hook, both
of Snodland, in the County of Kent, Paper Makers, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER, AND OF THE CHEMICAL
MATTERS EMPLOYED THEREIN."-Partly a communication from abroad by
Ernest Pinchon, of Bacqueville, France.
Sealed the 18th October 1867, and dated the 22nd April 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Townsend Hook
and Eustace Hook at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 22nd April 1867.
We, CHARLES TOWNSEND HOOK and EUSTACE HOOK, both of Snodland, in
the County of Kent, Paper Makers, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER, AND OF THE
CHEMICAL MATTERS EMPLOYED THEREIN," to be as follows:-
First, we prevent the loss of strength in chemical solutions employed in
boiling fibres for paper making, and assist their concentration by employing a
worm or jacketed pan through which steam or heated air or vapor is passed,
which heats the solution without weakening its strength, which is the case
when boiled with an open steam pipe in the usual method.
Secondly, we employ a more economical method of washing the boiled fibres
than has been heretofore practised. After the desired quantity of effete liquor
has been run over to the reservoir to be evaporated as usual we collect the
effete liquors next passing from the fibres in a second and separate tank until

page_text: we obtain the requisite quantity, which we then employ in discharging the
effete liquors from the boiled fibres of a future operation in place of the warm
water which has hitherto been used for that purpose. We are thus enabled
to recover at a nominal cost all the chemicals contained in the second water
which we have previously tanked for that purpose, and which has heretofore
been wasted.
Thirdly, we utilize the heated gases which now escape into the atmosphere
from chimneys of evaporating pans and ovens by placing the suction pipe of a
fan or other suitable blowing apparatus, so that it obtains its supply from a
chimney at work. We then pass this current of heated air over surfaces
coated or wetted with the solution to be evaporated. These surfaces may be
either revolving dises dipping into the liquor or sheets of metal alternately
elevated and sunk, and the heated current passing over such surfaces effects
the evaporation, or the heated current may be otherwise applied.
Fourthly, we manufacture the caustic leys to be employed in paper making
in the following improved manner:-We use 3, 4, or more tanks placed at
the same level, and so arrange connecting pipes that when all their outlets
are open the liquid in each tank has communication with and stands at the
same level as in all the other tanks. To further explain this method, take a
set of three tanks, called Nos. 1, 2, and 3, No. 1 is filled with a solution of
caustic ley, say, at 15°, No. 2 with a similar solution at 8°, No. 3 with one
at 4°. The ordinary plan would be to decant No. 1 solution into a receiver,
and fill up with fresh water to wash all chemicals out of the sediment of lime
in the tank. Instead of this plan we place all the tanks into communication (by
means of the pipes fixed for that purpose) with each other. We run clear water
gently into No. 3, and open the running-off pipe from No. 1 into the receiver;
as the water level in No. 1 sinks No. 2 supplies it, and as No. 2 sinks No. 3
supplies No. 2, so that at the end of the operation each tank has parted with
its contents to the next one in order, and is now half the strength it was
before. The supply of fresh water is stopped, also the outlet into the receiver,
and the contents of each tank well stirred and allowed to settle. The water is
again run into No. 3, and No. 1 is again emptied and supplied as before until
all the available alkali in No. 3 has been exhausted, when it is emptied and
refilled with fresh chemical as usual. The next round of operation will be the
same, No. 1 taking the place of No. 2, No. 2 of No. 3, and No. 3 of No. 1,
as often as required.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Charles Townsend Hook and Eustace Hook in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 22nd October 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, CHARLES
TOWNSEND HOOK and EUSTACE Hooк, both of Snodland, in the County of
Kent, Paper Makers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of April, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirtieth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
us, the said Charles Townsend Hook and Eustace Hook, Her special licence
that we, the said Charles Townsend Hook and Eustace Hook, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Charles Townsend
Hook and Eustace Hook, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER, AND OF THE CHEMICAL MATTERS
EMPLOYED THEREIN," (partly communicated to us from abroad by Ernest
Pinchon, of Bacqueville, France,) upon the condition (amongst others) that
we, the said Charles Townsend Hook and Eustace Hook, or one of us, our
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or one
of our, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Charles Townsend Hook and Eustace
Hook, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
1st, we prevent the loss of strength in chemical solutions employed in
boiling fibres for paper making, and assist their concentration by employing a
worm in the pan or a jacketed pan, through which, that is to say, through the
worm or through the space between the pan and jacket, we pass steam or
heated air or vapor, which heats the solution in the pan without weakening

page_text: its strength, which is the case when boiled with a pipe passing steam into the
solution in the usual method.
2ndly, we employ a more economical method of washing the boiled fibres than
has been heretofore practised. After the desired quantity of effete liquor has been
run over to the reservoir to be evaporated as usual, we collect the effete liquor
next passing from the fibres in a second and separate tank until we obtain the
requisite quantity, which we then employ in discharging the effete liquors
from the boiled fibres of a future operation in place of the water which has
hitherto been used for that purpose. We are thus enabled to recover at a
nominal cost all the chemicals contained in the second water which we have
previously tanked for that purpose, and which has heretofore been wasted.
3rdly, we utilize the heated gases which now escape into the atmosphere
from chimneys of evaporating pans and ovens by so placing the suction pipe
of a fan or other suitable blowing apparatus that it obtains its supply from a
chimney at work; we then pass this current of heated air over surfaces coated
or wetted with the solution to be evaporated. These surfaces may be either
revolving discs dipping into the liquor, or sheets of metal alternately elevated
and sunk, and the heated current passing over such surfaces effects the
evaporation, or the heated currents may be otherwise applied to surfaces
coated with the solution to be operated on.
4thly, we manufacture the caustic leys to be employed in paper making in
the following improved manner:-We use 3, 4, or more tanks placed at the
same level, and so arrange connecting pipes that when all their outlets are
open the liquid in each tank has communication with and stands at the same
level as in all the other tanks. To further explain this method let us take a
set of 3 tanks, called Nos. 1, 2, and 3, No. 1 is filled with a solution of
caustic ley, say, at 15°, No. 2 with a similar solution at 8°, No. 3 with one
at 4°. The ordinary plan would be to decant No. 1 solution into a receiver,
and fill up with fresh water to wash all chemicals out of the sediment of lime
in the tank. Instead of this plan we place all the tanks into communication
We run clear
(by means of pipes fixed for that purpose) with each other.
water gently into No. 3, and open the running off pipe from No. 1 into the
receiver; as the water level in No. 1 sinks No. 2 supplies it, and as No. 2
sinks No. 3 supplies No. 2, so that at the end of the operation each tank
has parted with its contents to the next one in order, and is now half the
strength it was before. The supply of fresh water is stopped, also the outlet
into the receiver, and the contents of each tank well stirred and allowed to
settle. The water is again run into No. 3, and No. 1 is again emptied and
supplied as before, until all the available alkali in No. 3 has been exhausted,

page_text: when it is emptied and refilled with fresh chemical as usual. The next round
of operation will be the same, No. 1 taking the place of No. 2, No. 2 of No. 3,
and No. 3 of No. 1, and so on as often as required.
And having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, we declare that we claim as our
improvements in the manufacture of paper and of the chemical matters
employed therein,―
1st, the mode herein-before described of preventing the loss of strength in
chemical solutions used in boiling fibres for paper making, and of assisting
their concentration by the employment of a worm or of a jacketed pan, and
by the passing of steam or heated air or vapor through the worm or through
the space between the pan and the jacket.
2ndly, the mode herein-before described of washing the boiled fibres by
employing some of the effete liquors previously discharged to discharge the
effete liquors from the boiled fibres of a future operation.
3rdly, the mode herein-before described of utilizing the heated gases which
escape from the chimneys of evaporating pans and ovens by placing the
suction pipe of a fan or blowing apparatus so that it obtains its supply from
a chimney at work, and by the employment of the heated current thus created
for the purpose herein-before described.
4thly, the mode herein-before described of carrying on the manufacture of
caustic leys to be employed in paper making.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Townsend Hook, for myself
and on behalf of the said Eustace Hook, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-first day of October, One thousand eight hundred
and sixty-seven.
CHAS, TOWNSEND HOOK. (L.S.)
CHAS. TOWNSEND HOOK. (L.S.)