Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application. 8th May, 1894
Complete Specification Left, 8th Feb., 1895-Accepted, 16th Mar., 1895
JOSEPH WALKER of 13 and 14 Augusta Street, in the City of Birmingham,
Manufacturer and CHARLES HAY TRAISE BIKKER Junior of 28 Herald
Chambers Martineau Street in the City of Birmingham Patentee do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Our invention relates to toy panoramas in which transparent pictures are exposed
to view, through an opening or hole cut in the front or facade; the lamp or candle
for illuminating the pictures being placed at the back of the pictures and inside
the panorama. Our invention consists of illuminating the pictures alternately from
the back and front with the aid of a reflector and screen or shutter, the lamp or
candle remaining inside the panorama.
We will describe two methods of carrying out our invention.
In the front or
facade of the panorama, preferably above the opening through which the views or
pictures are exposed, we cut another opening which we will call the reflector
opening. In front of this said reflector opening we fix a reflector preferably of
metal at such an angle that the light from the lamp is thereby reflected upon the
front of the pictures. Inside the panorama we fix a sliding or a hinged shutter in
such a manner that when the shutter is down the back of the transparent picture
is screened from the light of the lamp; but when the shutter is raised the reflector
opening is closed, and the back of the picture exposed to the light. Another
arrangement of our invention is as follows:-We cut a piece of sheet metal or
other suitable material, sufficiently large to cover the back of the picture, which
metal we will call the screen. This we pivot or joint to the top of the reflector
opening herein-before mentioned by means of two projecting pieces; we then fix a
reflector to the top of the hinged screen supports, the reflector projecting over
the front of the reflector opening, at a suitable angle to reflect the light of the
lamp upon the front of the picture. The action is as follows:-Upon the reflector
being depressed against the frout of the panorama the reflector opening is closed
and the light excluded, the screen being by the same action raised sufficiently to
expose the back of the pictures to the light. Upon the reflector being released
the screen again falls by its own weight, and covers the back of the picture at the
same time raising the reflector and again illuminating the front of the pictures.
By means of this invention we are able to produce pleasing and instructive effects;
for example pictures may be printed on both sides of the views so that when the
light is reflected on the front the pictures printed on the front only are seen, but
when lighted from the back other shapes and colours are shewn by reason of the
views being partially transparent.
We do not confine ourselves to these particular arrangements for alternately
illuminating the front and back of the pictures.
Dated this 7th day of May 1801
JOSEPH WALKER.
CHARLES HAY TRAISE BIKKER, JR.

page_text: We, JOSEPH WALKER of 13 & 14 Augusta Street Manufacturer, and CHARLES
HAY TRAISE BIKKER, Junior, of 28 Herald Chambers, Martineau Street,
Engineer, both in the City of Birmingham, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to improvements in toy panoramas or like appliances, our
object being to effectively display the pictures or series of pictures printed upon
both sides of the paper or sheet, by means of one candle or lamp fitted to the
interior of the panorama.
In the accompanying sheet of explanatory drawings to be hereinafter referred to;
Figure 1 is a sectional side elevation of one form of our improved panorama, and
Figure 2 an end elevation showing the interior of the same.
Figure 3 is a front elevation and Figure 4 an end elevation representing a
modification of the screen or shutter.
Figure 5 is a sectional elevation illustrating another arrangement of the
screen.
The same reference letters in the different views indicate the same parts.
In carrying our invention into effect we form the exterior casing of the panorama
in the usual manner having an opening A through the front side for displaying the
views printed upon the paper or sheet. Above the opening A we form another
opening B and in front of the same we fix the reflector C in such a manner that
the light from D falling upon C is reflected through the aperture A on to the
picture printed upon the front side of the paper or sheet. The picture or printed
matter upon the back side of the paper or sheet is displayed by the direct light
from D, the reflector being screened or shut off from the light by the sliding or
other shutter or screen such as E, thus preventing any reflection of the light on to
the front of the paper or sheet. When displaying the picture on the front of the
sheet, the direct light to the back of the sheet is screened or shut off by dropping
the shutter E to the position indicated by dotted lines at Figure 1; the rays of
light from D will then pass through the aperture B to be reflected by C on to the
front of the sheet.
Instead of a sliding shutter for the purpose of screening the light either from
the back of the sheet or from the reflector as may be desired, we sometimes employ
a hinged shutter such as illustrated at Figures 3 and 4. When the shutter E is at
its vertical position the light is screened from the back of the sheet, but when
brought up to a vertical position as shown by dotted lines at Figure 4, the aperture F
at the roof of the panorama is blocked or closed thus preventing the passage of the
rays of light to the reflector.
Instead of a movable screen or shutter with a fixed light, we sometimes employ
a fixed screen in conjunction with a movable light as illustrated at Figure 5.
The screen is preferably fixed at an inclined position such as shown in the figure,
the candle or lamp being attached to a sliding stand or support G, enabling the
light to be projected above the screen as illustrated by dotted lines, for the
purpose of allowing the light to pass through the apertures F and B on to
the reflector C, or to be lowered below the screen for the purpose of displaying
the pictures on the back of the sheet.
The method of moving the paper or sheet by means of the handle H and driving
cord J forms no part of our present invention.
We do not limit the application of our invention to any particular form or
arrangement of a panorama or like toy, but make such modifications as may be
required to suit particular purposes.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is;
1. In panoramas or like toys the method of displaying pictures, words, or devices,
printed upon both sides of the paper or sheet, by means of a light within the
interior of the appliance, substantially as herein described.
2. In panoramas or like toys the use of a reflector in combination with a screen
or shutter substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore described and as
illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
3. The improved construction and arrangement of a panorama or like toy
substantially as and for the purposes herein described.
Dated this 7th day of Febru 1805
MARKS & CLERK,
18, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., and
13, Temple Street, Birmingham, Agents for the Applicants.