matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN KNIFE HANDLES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Mottram at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th October
1857.
I, THOMAS MOTTRAM, of the firm of Thomas Mottram and Company,
Manufacturers, Rockingham Street, Sheffield, in the County of York, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN KNIFE
HANDLES," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in substituting oval handles turned at one
operation in a lathe, and secured by rings or shields embracing the rivets for
the handles at present attached to butcher's knives, or other knives with flat
tangs, which are formed by files or hand, and secured by rivets countersunk
in the wood. In my improved oval handle transverse grooves are formed, and
in them rivets are passed through the tang of the knife which is let into the
handle; these grooves are of sufficient depth to admit of a ring of molten
metal being poured in to embrace the heads of the rivets, which can be
concealed or made visible, as may be desired, and the edges of the tang thus
binding the handle firmly by the contractile force of the metal when cold.
For rings, shields of metal may be substituted, sunk in the wood or otherwise
cast around the head of the rivet.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN PRODUCING PRINTING SURFACES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmond Joseph Nicolas Juvin at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th March 1857.
I, EDMOND JOSEPH NICOLAS JUVIN, of Paris, in the Empire of France,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PRODUCING PRINTING SURFACES," to be as follows:-
This Invention of improvements in producing printing surfaces relates to
such surfaces as are printed from in the manner of letter-press printing, which
surfaces are principally applicable for printing music, and are adapted to
supersede surfaces composed and set up in separate characters as heretofore.
It is also available for printing drawings and writings, &c.
First, the characters or designs are combined and arranged and engraved
on a sheet of tin, either by punches or otherwise, in the order of composition
required, gutta purcha is then poured or impressed upon the engraved plate,
thus producing a block in relief, which serves to prove the work, which is
corrected if necessary. The engraved sheet of tin is then placed in a galvano-
plastic bath, where a deposit of copper on its engraved surface takes place,
equal to the thickness of 3 of an inch. This thin film of copper is then
separated from the tin, which on the relief side (the printing surface) presents
a counterpart of the gutta percha cast before taken; a mixture of lead and

page_text: antimony is then cast on the back part of the copper to give it substance and
body as a block, from which impressions may be taken. Instead of using
a deposit of copper, the lead may be cast at once on the engraved plate of
tin, and a block suitable to be printed from thereby produced.
Secondly, according to another method of proceeding, the sheet of tin is
engraved with the device or characters arranged and composed in such
engraving, and proved by gutta percha as before, which bears the engraving in
relief; a plaster cast is taken of the gutta percha surface bearing the charac-
ters or drawing in relief, thus furnishing a mould in which the lead is cast
to form the block in relief to be printed from; the advantages of the latter
method is, that the first engraved surface is preserved from injury.
Thirdly, the lead block in relief obtained as last herein described, may be
used to produce a concave cast in gutta percha, which is submitted to a deposit
of copper by electrical agency. The film of copper so deposited is then backed
up with lead to form a block to print from.
AN IMPROVED PNEUMATIC HOLDER, ADAPTED FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Beeby Moseley, at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th May 1857.
I, THOMAS BEEBY MOSELEY, of No. 52, Upper Charlotte Street, Fitzroy
Square, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED PNEUMATIC HOLDER, ADAPTED FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC
AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a particular description of instrument called a
pneumatic holder, used very generally in photographic manipulations, and the
improvement which constitutes this Invention consists in constructing the
same in the following manner, that is to say:-Instead of simply affixing a bell
shaped piece of india-rubber to an upright handle and exerting pressure direct
thereon, I affix an annular piece of wood or other light substance to one end
of a piece of wood or other material which serves as a handle. Into the
aforesaid annular piece of wood I place a bell-shaped piece of india-rubber,
and connect it by a wire to one end of a horizontal lever, the fulcrum of which
is a pin passing through the handle of the instrument, so that in using this
instrument the operator has simply to place the the india-rubber surface upon
the article to be held thereby, and by forcing down the aforesaid lever, I raise
the bell-shaped piece of india-rubber within the before-mentioned annular

page_text: piece of wood, thereby producing a partial vacuum therein and causing the
india-rubber to adhere closely to the surface, which it is desired to hold. The
aforesaid lever may be securely held in this position by a sliding link or other
suitable contrivance.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF COIR OR COCOA-NUT TREE FIBRE AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR HAIR IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CLOTHS USED IN SEED CRUSHING
Year: 1857

page_text: 2.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles David Davies at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th May
1857.
I, CHARLES DAVID DAVIES, of Holloway, in the County of Middlesex,
Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF COIR OR COCOA-NUT TREE FIBRE AS A SUBSTITUTE
FOR HAIR IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CLOTHS USED IN SEED CRUSHING," to be as.
follows:-
My said Invention consists mainly in the application of coir or cocoa-nut
tree fibre in manufacturing the articles called "hairs" employed by oil millers
in seed crushing. Instead of the cloths manufactured of hair in common
use called "hairs," employed in crushing linseed and other oleiferous seeds,..
I apply coir made into suitable ropes as a substitute for hair in such manu-
facture, retaining only the usual form of the articles.
IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO CAPSTANS AND OTHER LIKE PURCHASES
Year: 1857

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles W. Woodworth at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd July 1857. A communication.
I, CHARLES W. WOODWORTH, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster.
Ship Chandler, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS APPLICABLE TO CAPSTANS AND OTHER LIKE PURCHASES," to be as
follows, that is to say:-
To apply this Invention to a capstan upon a stationary upright shaft, a
suitable capstan barrel is mounted; on the lower edge of this barrel there are
one, two, or more sets of pawls, which are arranged in pairs, that is to say,
two pawls are mounted upon one axle, and on the same axis with the two
pawls a T-shaped piece of metal is mounted, which keeps them apart, causing
the pawls to be partially extended in opposite directions. On the deck,
immediately below the revolving barrel of the capstan, there are a series of
notches or teeth into which the pawls can take. When the upper portion of
the T-piece is horizontal, the points of both pawls are sufficiently elevated not
to be in contact with the notched circle below them, but upon moving the
lower limb of the T-piece one of the pawls is lifted up, and the other falls
down on to the notched circle. By reversing the position of the lower limb of
the T-piece, the pawl then in gear is relieved, and the reverse pawl is brought
into play. The lower limbs of all the T-pieces applied are connected together,

page_text: so that by the action of a short lever the whole of the pawls can be thrown
out of gear, so that the barrel of the capstan is free to rotate in other
direction; then, by moving the lever a little to the right, the left pawls fall
into action, or by moving it to the left the right pawls come into play. By
this arrangement the capstan barrel can be worked in either direction. The
capstan barrel is worked by means of driving shafts, which are placed
immediately below the capstan head, which is a fixture on the top of the
shaft upon which the barrel revolves. On the driving shafts (of which there
may be a convenient number) two toothed wheels are mounted loosely upon
each shaft, one near the outer end and the other on the inner end; near to
the upright shaft the outer and inner wheels work into tooth circles formed
on the head of the capstan barrel. A sliding clutch is mounted on the
driving shaft between the wheels, which can be slid longitudinally upon the
shaft by means of a suitable lever action, so that it can be made to hold fast
either the inner or outer wheel at pleasure. When a quick motion is required,
the clutch is coupled with the inner wheel, and the outer wheel revolves loose
upon its axes. When a slow motion is required the clutch is brought into
connection with the wheel on the outer end of the shaft, by which a powerful
motion is obtained. It is proposed to work the driving shafts by means of
crank handles.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LABELS
Year: 1857

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Robert Wood at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
February 1857.
I, EDWARD ROBERT WOOD, of Stonthall, Swansea, Glamorganshire, Gentle-
5 man, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN LABELS," to be as follows:-
The improvements consist in so cutting or slotting labels of any desired
shape, and made of any suitable material, as, for instance, pasteboard, bone,
ivory, or metal, that a portion of the ordinary circular elastic or other similar
formed bands can be introduced into the said slots or cuts, and so made to
interlace therein. By this arrangement a cheap and useful article is con-
structed for the binding and labelling documents and papers, as well as for
many other purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BANDS, STRAPS, OR BELTS FOR DRIVING MACHINERY, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1857

page_text: nis Invention received Irovisional Protection, out. notice to proceed win the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Godfrey Ermen and Francis
Spencer, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 27th February 1857.
We, GODFREY ERMEN and FRANCIS SPENCER, both of the City of Man-
chester, Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BANDS, STRAPS, OR BELTS FOR DRIVING
MACHINERY, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
The nature of our Invention consists in manufacturing bands, straps, or
belts, partly of wire, and partly of yarn or thread made of any suitable fibrous
material. In performing our Invention the bands, straps, or belts are woven
in a loom, and we prefer to make the warps partly of wire and partly of yarn
or thread, and the weft entirely of yarn or thread, but other combinations of
wire and yarn or thread may be used. When great flexibility is required, we
employ copper wire, but we do not limit ourselves to the use of copper wire,
as iron or other metal wire may be employed.
The bands, straps, or belts when woven, are or may be passed between com-
pressing rollers, and saturated with tar or other suitable composition.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LIFTING, LOWERING, AND DISENGAGING SHIPS' BOATS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Arthur Dunbar at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th
January 1857.
I, ALEXANDER ARTHUR DUNBAR, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Joiner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LIFTING, LOWERING, AND DISENGAGING SHIPS' BOATS," to be
as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to a simple mechanical arrangement or arrangements
to be used for the purpose of effecting the safe and easy taking in and
launching of ships' boats and the disengagement of the same from the tackles
or suspensory apparatus.
In these arrangements the outer ends of the two davits on the ship's deck
or bulwark are connected together by a longitudinal rod or link piece, jointed
at each end to the davits, and this rod has suspended from it near one end a
snatch block, with an open or hinged side for the free entry therein of the
tackle or fall as required. Each davit also carries at its outer end a complete
purchase tackle, the upper block in each case being attached to the davit by
a swivel link, whilst the lower blocks each have a bottom connecting book.
The fall from one tackle passes direct to the part where the haulage is to be
applied, whilst the fall from the other is brought along beneath the connecting
rod of the davits and then passes over the snatch block suspended from that
rod, thus bringing both falls finally together for working in exact concert;

page_text: hence, when the two falls are operated upon either in lifting or lowering, and
whether by hand, or by a deck winch, or other apparatus, the boat is invariably
lifted and lowered on an even keel, and the boat can be swung in and out
board with great facility and safety, always meeting and leaving the water on
an even keel. The disengagement is effected by a detent contrivance at each
end of the boat, the two detent actions being connected by a longitudinal rod
passing along the boat's bottom.
In this way, when the disengagement is to take place, the sailor by moving
a catch lever can act upon both connections, and cause a simultaneous
disengagement of both ends of the boat.
Belaying pins are provided upon one of the lower blocks for the attachment
of the falls.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING LIQUIDS USED IN BLEACHING, DYING, SOAPING, CLEARING, AND SIZING
Year: 1857

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Coates at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st September
1857.
I, HENRY COATES, of Crawshaw Booth, near Rawtenstall, in the County of
Lancaster, Mechanic, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING LIQUIDS USED IN BLEACHING, DYING, SOAPING,
CLEARING, AND SIZING," to be as follows:-
It has hitherto been customary in heating liquids used in bleaching, dying,
soaping, clearing, and sizing, to blow steam into the liquid to be heated
through a perforated pipe; this mode is found objectionable in many pro-
cesses, as the condensed steam weakens the dye or other bath to be heated,
and the steam entering the cold liquid causes in some cases a vibration that
is very injurious to the machinery and apparatus employed; the steam in
some cases blows through the liquid to be heated, and is thus wasted. Now,
in order to remedy these evils, I cause steam, hot air, or other heating agent
to pass through pipes or chests placed in the vessel containing the liquid to be
heated.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN TROWSERS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Richard Field, Julius
Goodman, and Louis Goodman at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 27th February 1857.
We, JAMES RICHARD FIELD, of Nos. 114 and 115, Fore Street, Cripplegate,
in the City of London, JULIUS GOODMAN, and LOUIS GOODMAN, both of No. 41,
Great Prescott Street, Goodman's Fields, in the City of London, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
TROWSERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention is designed for rendering trowsers reversible, and better
adapted for persons riding on horseback, and for wet weather than trowsers as
heretofore made, inasmuch as the chating of the legs of the trowsers in the act
of riding may be concealed from view, and in wet or muddy weather the best
side of the trowsers may be protected from injury.
The means by which we propose to effect the above improvements are as
follows: We form the trowsers as it were with a lining of any waterproof or
other material different from that of the other or cloth side of the trowsers,
and we so connect these two materials together about the knee and body parts
of the trowsers as that the lower parts of the legs thereof can be turned up
and buttoned round the body for riding or in wet or muddy weather, and
turned down and buttoned round the leg in fine weather or for walking.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDMILLS
Year: 1857

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexandre Amand Noël Dépinay-
Préhamon at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 11th July 1857.
I, ALEXANDRE AMAND NOËL DÉPINAT-PREHAMON, of Paris, in the Empire
of France, Notary, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN WINDMILLS," to be as follows:-
The Invention relates to improvements in windmills. The improvements
are the following:-Firstly, the arrangement of a mill or moving wheel with a
vertical axis; secondly, the establishment of a funnel or air collector, which
directs a greater quantity of air on some of the vanes of the mill and protects
the others at the opposite diameter from the action of the wind, in order to
diminish the counter-resistance at that side.
The improved mill consists of a wheel or drum mounted on a vertical axis,
and having a number of blades or leaves on which tho wind takes effect; it is
enclosed within a case having a movement concentric with the axis of the
wheel. This case is furnished with two air passages, one for the inlet of air
or wind and the other for the escape; that for the inlet is funnel-shaped, in
order to collect the wind and cause it to impinge on the blades or leaves of
the wheel, and after acting on a suitable portion of the circumference of the
wind wheel it passes off by the escape passage. The funnel mouth is always
kept in the eye of the wind, in order to receive its full force, by a vane or

page_text: other apparatus, as well understood and used for turning ordinary windmills.
This mill is erected on suitable framework and a proper situation to receive
the force of the wind; the motion and power is communicated by its axis
to any suitable gear transmitted and used for grinding or other purpose
required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COMMON ROAD VEHICLES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Williams at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st February
1857.
I, JOHN WILLIAMS of Wigginton, in the County of Oxford, Clerk, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COMMON
ROAD VEHICLES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates, first, to a vehicle somewhat similar to a dog cart.
being furnished with four seats, two facing forward and two backwards, being
back to back; the back rest of the front seats are the same as for those scats
facing backwards. The two seats on one side of the vehicle are distinct and
separate from the two seats on the other side, and are mounted on slides or
supports, on which they may be slid nearer to or further from the front of the
vehicle. This moving of the seats affords facilities for balancing the load on
the axle, whether of one, two, or more persons, thereby at all times ensuring
an easy rolling motion of the vehicle. A person sitting on the back seat may
also take a position "vis-a-vis" with another on the front scat, in which caso
the front seat will be moved backwards and the back seat forwards in the
vehicle.
In order to afford considerable movement of the seats, the body must be of
a length in proportion. It is also well adapted as an ambulance by removing

page_text: the seats altogether. I mount the backs of the seats on joints at the lower part,
so that they can be sloped backwards or forwards to form a reclining back for
the back or front seat; when thus inclined tho seat immediately behind is
thrown out of use.
The seats and the moveable back are furnished with suitable stops and parts
for fixing them in their several positions, which in the one case may be simply
effected by a pin inserted in the slide, and in the other by a pin inserted in an
arc, or in other suitable manner. The shafts of this vehicle do not spring,
from the lower part of the body being at a higher level, and in order to accom-
modate horses of various heights I form the shafts in two parts, so that either
a straight or curved pair of shafts may be used. The parts of the shafts fixed
to the body terminate in sockets, into which the fore parts fit and fix, as may
be required.
The body of the vehicle for lightness I prefer to be of basket work, but it
may be constructed of other materials if required.
I also construct wheeled vehicles with shifting seats according to my
Invention, as herein-before described.
AN APPARATUS FOR SCORING GAMES AND POINTS AT GAMES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Archibald Brooman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th October 1857.-A communication from Louis Bonneau.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, E. C., Editor of the Mechanics' Magazine and Patent Agent, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN APPARATUS FOR
SCORING GAMES AND POINTS AT GAMES," (communicated to me by Louis Bonneau,
a foreigner residing abroad) to be as follows:-
In public establishments and others where games are played there are
certain necessary articles, such as match and cigar holders, markers, &c.,
much inconvenience arises from these articles being separate, which has
suggested to the Inventor the construction of a scoring apparatus in which a
cigar-holder and match-holder are combined.
This apparatus consists of a box or case with two sets of dials, one on each
side; at one end is a holder for cigars, and at the opposite end a match-
holder. There are also rests for holding lighted cigars. . The dials shew five
sets of figures, and there is a separate dial for the games. The first set of
figures comprises the numbers 1 to 9; the second set the tens, 10, 20, 30, and
so on up to 90; the third the hundreds, from 100 to 400; the fourth 500;
and the fifth 1000. A pointer is fixed on the same axis, opposite the dial on
both sides, and for every set of figures there is on each side a separate pointer.

page_text: By turning the pointer to indicate any particular score on one side of the
apparatus, the same score is indicated to the adversary on the opposite side..
A drawer is provided at the bottom of the scorer for holding cards, counters;
&c. The whole forms a very useful, convenient, and portable apparatus.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING FABRICS EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS, CAPS, AND BONNETS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES, AND ALSO OTHER FABRICS, SO AS TO RENDER THE SAME IMPERVIOUS TO MOISTURE AND GREASE
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed by
the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Spill at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th August
1857.
I, GEORGE SPILL, of Stepney Green, in the County of Middlesex, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN TREATING FABRICS EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HATS, CAPS, AND BONNETS,
AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES, AND ALSO OTHER FABRICS, SO AS TO RENDER THE SAME
IMPERVIOUS TO MOISTURE AND GREASE," to be as follows:-
The improvements relate to the application of certain matters to the silk or
other plush fabric forming the outer coating of hats or bonnets, in such
manner that whilst the same may be impervious to grease or moisture, the
surface thereof may be uninjured by such application; also to the application
of such matters to a linen or other light fabric as a coating to cork for the
manufacture of hat bodies; also to the application of such matters to horse-
hair employed in the manufacture of caps.
For these purposes I dissolve india-rubber or gutta percha to a pasty con-
sistency in coal tar naptha, or other suitable solvent, adding thereto powdered
sulphur, and I spread in a thin film the mixture thus obtained upon the
fabric forming the coating of the hat, cap, or bonnet. I then subject such
fabrics to a high temperature, sufficient to change the nature of the compound

page_text: and prevent its decomposition by its contact with grease, as also to cause it to
retain its permanent elasticity; or the heat may be obtained in the application
of the fabric to the hat or bonnet, or even afterwards, to cause the change
desired. Or I apply as a coating bees' wax, dissolved, or in a liquid state,
produced by heat, or a solution of gelatine, to which I afterwards apply infusion
of nutgalls.
These matters are also applicable when the plush or horsehair fabrics are
employed as coverings for seats, or for other purposes.
Also the improvements relate to the application of the before-mentioned
matters to carpets, and fabrics used as coverings to furniture, by which the
same may be rendered impervious to damp and dust, as also more durable.
AN IMPROVED FIRE-LIGHTER
Year: 1857

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Boswell: Palmer at the Office.
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th March
1857.
I, HENRY BOSWELL PALMER, of Bermondsey, in the County of Surrey,
Wool Stapler, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED FIRE-LIGHTER," to be as follows (that is to say):-
My Invention, which, has for its object the manufacture of an improved:
fire-lighter for kindling or igniting fires, consists in employing for the above
purpose a combination of the following vegetable and hydro-carbonaceous
materials, namely, coal, sawdust, oak bark, rosin, and oil, the whole of the
said ingredients being pulverized and mechanically mixed so as to introduce
into the compound when in a plastic or semi-fluid state the fibre of cocoa nut.
or hemp, for the purpose of causing the said materials when moulded to adhere
more firmly together, in the form of cakes, or otherwise of any convenient
shape or size, the surfaces of which are subsequently glazed and thereby fitted
for use, and rendered less offensive to the touch and smell.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR REAPING AND MOWING
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Mickle at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th March 1857.
I, JOHN MICKLE, of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, in the County of Northumberland,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR REAPING AND MOWING," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to produce a machine light and manageable,
equally adapted to propulsion by manual or other power. The application of
such power to the working of the machine will be by means of a shaft (or
shafts) attached to the axle of two external wheels. From the radii of these
exterior wheels and perpendicular thereto project two inner wheels, which
being toothed work into two pinions revolving upon spindles fixed in the axle.
Attached to these pinions are wheels (or discs), which consequently revolve
with the pinion, and give, by means of one or more connecting rods, a hori-
zontal reciprocating motion to a cross bar working in slots or slides in the
side framing. To this cross bar are attached parallel rods, connected at their
farther extremities each with four levers, forming a rhomb, whose angles, by
the reciprocating motion of the cross bar, become alternately acute and obtuse,
and give an oscillatory motion to the double-edged cutting knives or shears,
which form the far arms of the two extreme levers of the rhomb. By placing
so many pairs of scissors alongside of each other on the same plane, and
assuming they all open and shut as the cross bar advances or recedes, a
correct idea may be formed of the motion intended to be described. I

page_text: propose also to have projecting from the sickle boss guide cutters, to prevent
the squandering of the grain when the knives make the stroke; also a
receiving board, which shall deliver the grain on one side by self-action or by
means of a rake revolving or suspended. When applied as a mowing machine,
the cutting knives are depressed by means of a screw or other arrangement,
and the receiving board changed for one adapted to that purpose.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR RAISING AND FORCING OF FLUIDS
Year: 1857

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th April
1857. A communication from Jean Lasserre.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of 166, Buchanan Street, in the City of Glasgow, North
Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR RAISING AND FORCING OF
FLUIDS," a communication from Jean Lasserre, resident abroad, to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to certain peculiar constructions and arrangements
of machinery or apparatus for raising and forcing fluids, or for exhausting
or compressing air or gases, whereby an increased amount of work is effected
and a continuous and regular jet or stream produced.
This apparatus consists, according to one modification, of two annular
concentric chambers, placed vertically, with a horizontal shaft passing through
the centre thereof. These two chambers are each fitted at intervals with
lateral openings, having flexible diaphragms working therein; and at these
places an inlet and outlet valve is placed, the one on the outer chamber and
the other on the inner chamber.
The diaphragms are connected to hinged plates, which have an incline fixed
to the back outside the apparatus. These inclines are acted upon by antifriction

page_text: pullies, carried by revolving arms on the central driving shaft, so that as their
pullies press upon the inclines during their rotation the diaphragms on one
side of the apparatus are pressed inwards, whilst those on the opposite sido
are forced outwards, and vice versa, the two sets being connected by cross
bars. The result is a constant forming of vacuum by the outward movement
of the diaphragms, and as the inner annular chamber is in communication
with the exhaust or lift pipe the water will rise, and after passing through
the lateral outlet valves during the outward stroke of the diaphragms is forced
at their return or inward stroke through the inlet valves into the outer
annular chamber, and thenco by the supply or feed pipe to the locality
desired.
By a slight modification in the arrangement the apparatus may be worked
horizontally without interfering with its principal or main features.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FIRE AND WATER-PROOF BRICKS, PLATES, CRUCIBLES, AND OTHER VESSELS, FORMS FOR CASTINGS, AND BIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederic Ludwig Hahn Danchell
and Henry Kimber at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 2nd July 1857.-A communication from Carl
Buring, of Rostock, in Mecklenburg.
We, FREDERIC LUDWIG HAHN DANCHELL, of No. 452, New Oxford Street,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, and HENRY KIMBER, Grove
Terrace, Clapham, in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FIRE AND
WATER-PROOF BRICKS, PLATES, CRUCIBLES, AND OTHER VESSELS, FORMS FOR CASTINGS,
AND BIMILAR ARTICLES," (a communication) to be as follows:-
The said improvements consists in applying carbonized substances, such as
coke, vegetable or animal charcoal, boghead ash, graphit, soot or lamp black,
either alone or mixed with bitumenous matter, such as rosin, pitch, tar, asphalt,
wax, or oil, and to compress the same by hydraulic or other pressure in a
warm and dry state into forms adapted for the objects to be manufactured.
The articles thus manufactured are then, if required, baked in ovens, such as
commonly made use of by potters.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR STEERING SHIPS AND VESSELS, AND IN APPARATUS FOR COMMUNICATING OR SIGNALLING BETWEEN THE DECK AND ENGINE ROOM OF STEAM VESSELS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Turner and Henry Boyens
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 12th February 1857.
We, THOMAS TURNER, of Grosvenor Street, Commercial Road East, and
HENRY BOYENS, of George Street, Commercial Road East, do hereby declare
the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR STEERING
SHIPS AND VESSELS, AND IN APPARATUS FOR COMMUNICATING OR SIGNALLING BETWEEN
THE DECK AND ENGINE ROOM OF STEAM VESSELS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for steering
ships and vessels, and in apparatus for communicating or signalling between
the deck and engine room of steam vessels. For these purposes two barrels
are used, with chains or bands, in each case combined with other apparatus, as
herein explained.
In constructing steering apparatus according to our Invention, the rudder
post head is fitted with two arms, to each of which a chain or band is attached.
The ends of these chains or bands are fixed to two barrels. The chain or band
of one arm passes under its barrel, and the other chain or band passes over
its barrel. The two barrels are fixed on the same shaft or axis. Between the
two barrels a screw wheel is fixed on the shaft or axis. Motion is given to

page_text: the two barrels by means of a worm or screw, fixed on a shaft at right angles
to the axis of the barrels, and on such shaft the steering wheel is fixed.
In constructing signalling apparatus, there is placed in any convenient part
of the engine room an apparatus having two barrels fixed on the same axis,
such axis being arranged to act on a bell to give sound, and also to move
screens or other signalling instruments. The two barrels receive motion by
two chains or bands; one chain or band passes under its barrel and is made
fast thereto, the other chain or band is passed over its pulley and is made fast
thereto. The two chains or bands receive motion from a vertical axis or shaft
descending into the engine room, having on it two barrels, and according as
this shaft or axis is turned in one direction or the other so will it act on the
signalling apparatus in the engine room.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WHEELS AND AXLE BOXES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Tomlinson Bousfield at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
16th June 1857.-A communication.
on the
I, GEORGE TOMLINSON BOUSFIELD, of Loughborough Park, Brixton, in the
County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF WHEELS AND AXLE BOXES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the construction of wheels
and axle boxes, for which purpose each spoke is composed of two parts, one
of metal and the other of wood, which are joined into one at their outer ends.
The lower or metal end is formed with a screw socket to receive a screw,
and the outer head or end of such screw is formed to enter a recess on the
inside of the felloe or ring of the wheel; and where the two ends of the felloe
come together the end of a spoke is formed with a wedge and screw nut,
which entering between the inclined ends of the felloe presses them away
from each other and expands the ring or felloe. The inner end of each spoke
is fixed to central plates by flanges or projecting rings, formed on the two
central plates, which enter grooves formed in the inner ends of the spokes.
The central plates have raised edges, or are dished, so as to form short cylinders
on either side of the centre of the wheel. Each of these central plates receives
into it an inverted hollow cap, the hollow parts of such two caps being, when
combined in the wheel, placed face to face; and each hollow cap has within
it several antifriction rollers of a length equal to the depth of the hollow of

page_text: each of the inverted caps. The two central plates, which receive the hollow
caps into them, go together, and are fixed by being made with or by having
fixed to them short tubes, the inner ends of which screw together. There is
also a tube through the centre of the short tubes, which, by means of screw
nuts fixed at its ends, holds all the central parts of the wheel together. The
axle passes through the inner tube, and has a screw nut on a screw formed
at its outer end.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Peter William Barlow, of 26, Great George Street,
Westminster, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PERMANENT
WAY OF RAILWAYS."
Sealed the 30th April 1858, and dated the 31st December 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Peter William Barlow at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
81st December 1857.
I, PETER WILLIAM BARLOW, of 26, Great George Street, Westminster, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of an improved mode of constructing the chairs of
railways where the rail is seated altogether in wood, and of an improved mode
of securing the rails in such chairs.
The novelty of my Invention consists in making the sides or cheeks of such
chairs cast in one piece (whether in combination with cast-iron sleepers
or used on ordinary timber sleepers), parallel or slightly inclined to the top of
the rail, and in the use of two wedges or keys, one on each side of the rail.

page_text: The advantage of this construction is the protection of the keys from
the weather, rendering them more durable and less likely to become loose, and
the means of adjusting the guage thus given are particularly advantageous
when transverse iron sleepers are used. When used with longitudinal iron
sleepers or in ordinary chairs one key only is preferable, the rail being
supported on the opposite side by a wooden cushion or other elastic material
placed in a recess of the chair.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF ADJUSTING ORDNANCE FOR FIRE BY NIGHT OR DAY
Year: 1857

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William George Armstrong at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on tho
22nd July 1857.
I, WILLIAM GEORGE ARMSTRONG, of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, in the County
of Northumberland, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF ADJUSTING ORDNANCE FOR FIRE BY
NIGHT OR DAY," to be as follows:-
The Invention consists of certain methods of adjusting ordnance, so as to be
able to maintain a fire upon a fixed object after being rendered invisible by
darkness or otherwise. For this purpose an instrument in the nature of a
quadrant is applied to the gun, for the purpose of indicating its angle of
elevation in reference to the horizontal plane, after the proper elevation has
been determined by trial or otherwise in daylight. This instrument is after-
wards re-applied for adjusting the gun to the same elevation when the object
cannot be seen. There is also applied an arrangement of sights, with or
without a reflector, and a graduated arc, for determining in daylight the lateral
angle which the gun, when properly directed, forms with some mark at which
à light can be fixed at night. By varying the horizontal direction of the gun
until this mark can be sighted by the instrument, the proper lateral adjustment
for striking the required object can be determined when that object becomes

page_text: invisible. Thus the gun, after having been once adjusted in daylight, can
afterwards be re-adjusted, both vertically and horizontally, when the object is
concealed from view, and by this means a fire may be continued upon any
fixed point during darkness or fog, or from behind a screen.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CLOSING OR STOPPERING BOTTLES, JARS, AND OTHER RECEPTACLES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Geddes Borron at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
May 1857.
I, WILLIAM GEDDES BORRON, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Glass Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CLOSING OR STOPPERING BOTTLES, JARS, AND OTHER
RECEPTACLES," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to the effective closing or stoppering of bottles, jars,
and other receptacles or containing vessels without the aid of corks, as hitherto
used for such purposes.
In carrying out these improvements, as regards bottles, a screw thread is cut
or moulded on the internal surface of the bottle neck, or the aperture leading
into the interior. In this internally-screwed neck a correspondingly screwed
stopper of wood or other suitable material is fitted. This wooden stopper
projects to a considerable distance beyond the neck of the bottle, and it is
squared to fit the internally squared surface of a glass head or cap piece, in
which the projecting head is imbedded, marine glue or other composition being
used or applied between the stopper and its glass cap. The wood and glass
thus combined form the stopper complete, except that a small ring of cork or
other elastic material is passed upon the wood part of the stopper up against
the end of the glass cap, so that when the stopper is screwed into its place in
the bottle neck this cork or elastic junction piece serves to make a tight fit.
The glass cap is made flush with the bottle neck, so that the whole has a neat

page_text: appearance, and a label with the wine merchant or brewer's name may be
pasted over the junction portions for the preservation of the integrity of the
filled bottles. The glass cap is cylindrical externally, and has a neat ornamental
head. With stoppers of this kind no corkscrew is necessary, as the bottles
may be opened by simply grasping the head of the stopper with the hand;
and as no internal pressure can force out the stopper, it is obvious that wiring
or other attachment is never required with it.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN CASTING METALLIC ARTICLES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
February 1857.-A communication.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,.
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN CASTING METALLIC
ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
In casting articles according to this Invention an iron mould is first pre-
pared in the ordinary manner. The mould is provided with a vent for the
escape of air therefrom as the metal is poured in. Before using the mould,
it is first faced with plumbago, and the gate through which the metal is to be
poured is closed with an iron plug made for the purpose; the mould is then
placed in an oven or other convenient place for heating, and its temperature
is raised to what is termed a cherry red heat; the plug is now removed; the
metal is poured in while the mould is at the heat above mentioned. After
this the mould is allowed to cool only so much as is necessary for the safe
removal of the casting, and the operation of heating and pouring is repeated
to obtain a second casting.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN COUPLINGS OR CONNECTIONS FOR SHAFTS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Smith. at the Office of
.
the Commissioners of. Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th October
1857. A communication from Monsieur Blondel, of Déville, Rouen, in
the Empire of France.
I, WILLIAM SMITH, of No. 10, Salisbury Street, Adelphi, London, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for.." IMPROVE-
MENTS IN COUPLINGS OR CONNECTIONS FOR SHAFTS." A communication from
Monsieur Blondel, of Déville, Rouen, in the Empire of France, to be as
follows:-
-
This Invention consists in forming coupling boxes by means of two flange
pieces, having collars or shoulders cast upon them similar to the ordinary
flanged coupling at present in use. Upon the inner faces of each of the
flanges are formed dovetail grooves or openings; these openings do not extend
across the whole diameter of the flange, as will be seen by reference to the
Drawing hereunto annexed, there being an annular space or opening between
them. Into these openings are fitted corresponding dovetail pieces of a
sufficient thickness to allow of a screwed bolt passing through them; one of
the dovetail pieces has a screw thread cut partially through it, whilst the other
has merely a plain opening through it, the opening being of a larger diameter
to about half the distance through, to allow of the collar or head of the bolt
being inserted therein. It will be seen on reference to the Drawing, that by
screwing up the bolt, that the two dovetail or wedge pieces will be drawn
towards each other, at the same time bringing the two flanges into close

page_text: contact with each other. For further; security, and where there is great
power to be transmitted, the flanges may be bolted through in addition to the
dovetail or wedge pieces just described.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING.
In the annexed Drawing Fig. 1 is a plan view of the improved coupling
box; Fig. 2, a longitudinal section of same; Fig. 3, a detached view of the
two dovetail or wedge pieces, shewn connected together by a bolt; and Figs.
4 and 5, views of the inner faces of flanges or coupling box.
a, a, are the
flanges or clutches; b,-b, the collars-or-shoulders cast thereupon, and into
which the ends of the shafts c, c, to be coupled are inserted; d, d, the dovetail
pieces or wedges, better shewn at Fig. 3; e, e,. Figs. 4 and 5 corresponding
openings or grooves on the inner faces of flanges; f, a screwed bolt for
tightening up the coupling box;"g, 9, additional bolts, if required, for further
securing the flanges together, shewn in dotted lines in Fig. 1; h, h, Figs. 4
and 5, holes for same:"
me
The advantages of this Invention are, 1st; the facility of disconnecting
shafts without lateral movement; 2nd,, the prevention of any play occurring
by the wearing away or any other cause, which is prevented by tightening up
the bolt; 3rd, the facility of driving up the keys from the inside, and pre-
venting the same from slipping out.
"
0
3
W
LONDON:
Printed by GEORGE EDWARD EYRE and WILLIAM SPOTTISWOODE,
Printers to the Queen's most Excellent Majesty. '1858.
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