Improvements in Apparatus for Use in Uniting or Cementing together Thicknesses of Wood or other Material for Panelling and for other Purposes.
Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 21st Oct., 1886.
Complete Left, 21st July, 1887.
Complete Accepted, 23rd Sept., 1887.
Improvements in Apparatus for Use in Uniting or Cementing
together Thicknesses of Wood or other Material for Panelling
and for other Purposes.
I WILLIAM HASSALWOOD CARMONT of the Patent Steel Frame Carriage Works,
Ardwick, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My said Invention relates to the manufacture of thin slabs of mahogany or other
suitable wood or material applicable for use as panelling and for other purposes.
Usually such panelling consists of a single thickness of wood and in many cases
and especially in instances where such panelling is exposed to the weather, the wood
is apt to warp and split in the direction of the grain or fibre. To obviate these
disadvantages I form my improved panelling from two or more thicknesses of thin
slabs or veneers of wood, glued or ceinented closely together, care being taken that in
placing them together the grain or fibre of one piece shall cross the grain or fibre of
the other. Panelling constructed in this manner will not readily warp or split and
is very much stronger, more durable and lighter than the usual material of one
thickness. As it is necessary that the various thicknesses shall adhere closely together
at all points, I provide specially designed moulds or presser plates for cramping or
pressing the thicknesses together, the moulds or presser plates being so constructed
as that the pressure shall begin at one point, preferably the centre of the piece, and
progress outwards towards the edges driving before it and expelling the superfluous
glue or cement and air which may have found a lodgment between the thicknesses to
be united. In forming a mould to unite say two thicknesses of veneer I provide top
and bottom pressing plates. The top plate is made slightly protuberant in the centre
while the bottom plate is perfectly flat. The bottom plate is preferably made hollow
and filled with steam, hot air, hot water or other heating means so as to extract any
damp which may be in the wood and to cause the glued joint to be made under the
most favourable circumstances. In joining two veneer slabs I lay the lower one on
the bottom plate and after coating the face with glue or cement I superimpose the
second slab, the grain or fibre of which is caused to cross that of the slab beneath.
I then lay on a sheet or pad of india rubber and apply the upper plate of the pressing

page_text: monld. By preference I provide the lower mould with screwed steady pins or studs
which enter holes in the upper plate and project through the same.
The mould is
now placed beneath a hydraulic or other suitable press which forces the top plate
down upon the thicknesses of veneer. The protuberance on the upper plate causes
this pressure to be applied first in the centre of the slabs driving the superfluous glue
or cement and also the imprisoned air towards the edges of the slabs. When the
edges also have been forced closely together it will be found that a perfect contact
between the slabs has been obtained throughout, while the pressure at the sides is
scarcely appreciably less than the pressure at the centre owing to the yielding nature
of the rubber cushion which yields sufficiently in the centre to prevent the protuberant
part of the top plate from exercising unduly preponderating pressure at the centre.
When sufficient pressure has been applied I screw nuts upon the projecting ends of
the steady pins or guide studs so as to bind the top and bottom mould plates
together. The whole is then removed from beneath the press and put aside to dry.
The moulds may he made to any desired curve or form and the protuberance may
be
upon one or upon both of the plates and may be located at any convenient part of the
mould other than the centre. The panelling produced in the manner set forth is
tough and durable and is not liable to warp or split. It may be applied to a variety
of purposes where combined strength and lightness are required such as in the
manufacture of light furniture and is specially suited for use in cases where it is
exposed to the weather for example in the construction of vehicles.
Dated this 20th day of October 1886.
DUTTON & FULTON,
1, St. James Square, Manchester,
Agents.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Use in Uniting or Cementing
together Thicknesses of Wood or other Material for Panelling
and for other Purposes.
I WILLIAM HASSALWOOD CARMONT of the Patent Steel Frame Carriage Works,
Ardwick Manchester in the County of Lancaster Engineer do hereby declare the
nature of this Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement and accom-
panying drawings
--
My said Invention relates to the manufacture of thin slabs of mahogany or other
suitable wood or material applicable for use as panelling and for other purposes.
Usually such panelling consists of a single thickness of wood and in many cases
and especially in instances where such panelling is exposed to the weather the wood
is apt to warp and split in the direction of the grain or fibre. To obviate these
disadvantages I form my improved panelling from two or more thicknesses of wood
glued or cemented closely together care being taken that in placing them together the
grain or fibre of one piece shall cross the grain or fibre of the other. Panelling
constructed in this manner will not readily warp or split and is very much stronger,
more durable and lighter than the usual material of one thickness.
And in order that my said Invention may be properly understood I will now
proceed to describe the same more particularly reference being had to the annexed
sheet of drawings.
Fig. 1 is a plan view of a portion of my improved panelling composed of three
thicknesses of wood (for example mahogany) the three thicknesses being marked
respectively 1. 2. and 3. It will be observed that the centre thickness 2 is arranged
so that its grain or fibre crosses the grain or fibre of the thicknesses 1 and 3. Fig. 2
is a section of the three thicknesses. As has been said the respective thicknesses are
glued or cemented together and Fig. 3 illustrates a mould and press for effecting a
close junction of the several thicknesses. The pressing surfaces of the mould may
either be flat or they may be curved or dished. For example a useful application of
my invention consists in the construction of cab roofs or of curved panelling for the
bodies of cabs. In making a panelling to form a cab roof for example I construct a
dished mould and attach the upper male half a to the top plate 6 of a hydraulic or
other press. The lower female half c of the mould is attached to a plate or head d
carried by the rame which works in the cylinder f. The base g and top plate bare
connected by stays h which also serve as guides to the plate d. The thicknesses of
wood intended to form a curved or dished panelling or cab roof are represented by
the black line marked i Fig. 1. Beneath the panelling is placed a pad of india
rubber which affords an elastic bed to receive the panelling. As it is necessary that
the various thicknesses of wood shall adhere closely together at all points the mould is
so constructed as that the pressure shall begin at one point, preferably at the centre
of the piece, and progress outwards towards the edges driving before it and expelling

page_text: the superfluous glue or cement and air which may have found a lodgment between
the thicknesses to be united. An easy mode of effecting this progressive pressure is to
form one portion of the mould for example the male half a to a very slightly quicker
curve or swell so that pressure will begin to be applied at the crown X. As the ram
continues to rise the pressure increases progressively toward the outside edges of the
mould driving the superfluous glue and air before it and causing the thicknesses of
wood to adhere closely together. The presence of the india rubber bed k permits of
this being done without injury to the panelling and when the ram has risen to its full
extent the pressure on the panelling is practically constant owing to the elasticity of
the rubber.
Another advantage derived from the use of the rubber is that when the mould is
left under pressure to allow the glue to set, in the event of any slight leakage taking
place from the hydraulic cylinder the consequent fall in pressure is taken up by the
resilience of the compressed rubber. A similar rubber pad may be used on both sides
of the panelling. It will of course be evident that the method of uniting several
thicknesses of wood so as to form a curved or dished panelling or cab roof inay with
equal success be employed in the formation of straight panelling. Instead of leaving
the panelling under pressure in the press I may provide one half of the mould with
guiding studs or steady pins passing through holes in the opposite half and screwed at
one end to receive nuts. When the halves of the moulds have been pressed together
in the hydraulic press, these nuts may be screwed firmly down so as to preserve the
pressure, and the mould may be removed from the press and replaced by another.
The described panelling produced in the manner set forth is tough and durable and is
not liable to warp or split. It may be composed of two or of any greater number of
thicknesses and may be applied to a variety of purposes where combined strength and
lightness are required such as in the manufacture of light furniture and is specially
suited for use in cases where it is exposed to the weather for example in the construc-
tion of vehicles.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is :-
(1) A panelling composed of two or of any greater number of thicknesses of wood
glued or cemented together in the manner set forth the several thicknesses being
arranged so that the grain or fibre of one thickness shall cross the grain or fibre of
another thickness so as to give increased strength and toughness to the finished
panelling substantially as hereinbefore described and shown.
(2) In the manufacture of panelling composed of several thicknesses of wood having
their fibres crossing each other subjecting the glued or cemented thicknesses composing
the panelling to pressure in such a manner that the pressure is applied progressively
from the centre or from a suitable part of the pressing mould towards the outer edges
so as to expel the superfluous glue and air from between the thicknesses and thus
effect a perfect adhesion of the several thicknesses to each other substantially as
described and shown.
(3) In the manufacture of the herein before described panelling the employment of
a rubber pad on one or on both sides of the panelling while being subjected to pressure
in a mould by a hydraulic or other press for the purposes and substantially as herein-
before described and shown.
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