Improvements in or relating to Electric Railways and Railway, Cars
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 19th Apr.,. 1892-Accepted; 3rd Sept., 1892***
COMPLETE, SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Electric Railways and Railway,
Cars:
SIDNEY HOWE SHORT of Cleveland, in the County of Cutahoga and State
of Ohio, United States of America, Electrician, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed; to-be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention has reference to improvements in electric motor cars in which the
propelling motor, both the field magnets and the armature or armatures, are axially
mounted with reference to a car axle, in such, manner that the motor as a whole
may have lateral or vertical .transverse vibratory movement with reference to such.
car axle, without touching the latter, so that, the shocks received by the driving
wheels are not transmitted at all, or are only transmitted 'feebly, to the motor.
My improvement also embraces other features, and more especially, means
whereby the motor as a whole is electrically. insulated from the wheels and is
elastically connected with. the same for. driving, the latter. My invention also
comprises an arrangement of two armatures, operating in conjunction with field.
magnets common to both armatures..
In all these constructions the motor is elastically, supported, on opposite sides of
the car axle upon the truck frame, which in turn is supported by the axle boxes;
and in this respect it is immaterial whether the motor, is supported by the side bars
or by. the cross bars of the truck-frame.
All this will more fully appear from the following, detailed description with
reference to the accompanying drawings which show in:
Figure Lis a plan.view of a truck frame, and, an electric; motor, with a portion
of the latter and.of.the driving connections, shown in section.
Figure 2 is an elevation of the insulating driving disk connecting, the armature
support with the clastic driving link.,
Figure 3is a vertical section of a portion of the elastic driving, link.
Figure 4.is a plan view, partly in section,, of a truck equipped witli, a, double
motor, with 13. modified form of driving connection..
Figure 5 is a section through one of the elastic supports for the motor..
Figures 6 and 7 illustrate two forms of systems of electric distribution..
Figures 8, 9 and 10 illustrate my improved trolley switch..
Referring now more particularly to Figures 1, 2 and 3,,there will, be seen that
the driving, axle 1, is journalled in axle boxes. 2,.of any ordinary or improved
construction, and it will he understood that the, side bars 3, of the truck frame are
connected with the axle boxes while the cross bars 4, are secured to the side bars 3,
as usual. The driving wheels 5, are keyed to or shrunk upon, the driving axle,
and there may be one or more driving axles for each car.
The driving axle is surrounded. by a metallic sleeve 6,. the inner diameter of
which is considerably greater than the diameter of. the car axle, so as to leave an
annular space between the two. To this sleeve 6,,is secured the armature 7, which
in my construction is of the type known as the Brush armature, and there are two
sets of field magnets 8, each set secured to a yoke 9. and there are cross
connections 10, between the two yokes one on each side of the car axle. These
yokes with their cross connections are preferably formed in two parts, fastened
together by bolts 11, whereby I am. enabled to remove the field magnets for
inspection. and repair without. dismantling the whole truck the armatures may
also be in two parts for the same reason. The sleeve 6, is journalled in bearings 12,
formed in the field magnet yokes,, and adjacent to one of these yokes there is
secured ou the sleeve the commutator 13, while to each end of the sleeve is fixeditie
driving disk.14, which will presently be described more in detail. Instead of having
07

page_text: the bearing for the sleeve next to the commutator in the field magnet yoke, this
bearing may be formed in brackets 15, projecting from the field magnet, yoke as
shown in Figure 1, but in that case the field magnet yoke will have a large opening
for the free passage tlierethrough of the sleeve, instead of the bearing. 12, which
will be transferred to the ends of the brackets 15. The brush holders 16 may
be secured either to the brackets 15, as shown, or to the adjacent field magnet
yoke.
The driving disks 14, are composed each of a flanged hub 17, an annulus 18 of
wood, vulcanized fibre, or other suitable strong insulating material, and a metallic
rim 19; and between the latter and the hub 17, the insulating annulus is secured
by means of metal washers 20, 21, and the bolts or rivets 22, as is clearly illustrated.
The insulating annulus may be composed of lamina, as indicated in the drawing, or
may be made as a solid piece.
any
The connection between the driving disk 14, and the corresponding driving wheel
is established by the elastic link 23. This link consists of a helical spring 24, and
caps 25, one at each end, secured to the spring in
and
suitable manner,
preferably screwed onto the same, as shown in Figure 3. Each cap is formed with
an eye 26, one of which is passed over the wrist pin 27, formed on the metallic
rim 19, of the driving disk, and the other over the wrist pin 28, formed on or
secured to the adjacent driving wheel, and the dimensions of the spring are such,
that when in position upon the wrist. pins, in' state of rest, it will be slightly
extended, and a locking pin 29, passed through each eye and its corresponding
wrist pin, secures the two together. There is one elastic link for each driving
wheel and the two links are arranged on diametrically opposite sides of the axle, so
that when the armatures revolves its motion will be transmitted to one driving
wheel by the compression of one of the links, and to the other driving wheel by
the extension of the corresponding link.
The motor, as a whole, is supported by the truck frame by means of arms 30,
extending from the field magnet yokes on opposite sides of the car axle and over
the cross bars 4, of the truck frame. Each of these arms or brackets is provided
at its outer end with a cup-shaped socket 31, which receives a rubber cushion 32,
seated at its lower end in a cup formed in a bracket 33, secured to the cross bars 4,
of the truck frame, by bolts 34. The cup 31, the rubber cushion 32, and the
brackets 33, are held together by a bolt 35; and by reference to Figure 5, it will
be seen that where this bolt passes through the cup 31, it is provided with an
insulating bushing 36.
The whole motor is thus elastically supported upon the truck frame, which in
turn is supported by the car axle boxes, as hereinbefore described. By this
construction the irregularities of the road hed do not perceptibly affect the motor,
the shocks received by the car wheels being greatly enfeebled in their transmission
to the motor by the elastic cushions 32, and by the elastic driving links 24.
The pole pieces of the field magnets may be; and are preferably, very close to
the sides of the armature; this is possible because there is no lateral movement of
one with reference to the other, since the armature support (the sleeve 6) is
journálled in the field magnet yokes. In this construction, therefore, it is necessary
that the armature be capable of accurate axial adjustment, so that it may rotate
freely without at any time striking against the pole pieces of the field magnets.
provide for this purpose an adjustment which I have found to be effective in
actual use.
!!
On the sleeve 6, there are two screw threaded portions 37, which extend from
points corresponding in the inner faces of the field magnet yokes toward the middle
of the sleeve and upon these screw-threads are placed screw threaded collars 38,
which are turned until they abut against the bearings 12, in the field magnet yokes,
and thereby fix the plane of rotation of the armature. By slightly turning these
collars to the right or to the left, the armature may be adjusted in the desired
position between the poles of the field magnets, and this position is fixed by a set
screw 39, tapped into the collar and forced against the screw-threads ou the sleeve.

page_text: These set-screws are ordinarily made of some soft metal, like copper or brass, as is
well understood in the.art.
In Figure 4, my invention is shown as embodied in a motor car propelled by an
electric motor having two armatures mounted on the same sleeve which encircles
the driving axle, in the manner herein before described. In this case the field
magnets 8, 8, are of the construction shown in Figure 1, fixed to yokes 9, and
these yokes have the cross connections 10, also shown in Figure 1. In addition
thereto, there is another set of field magnets 8', each of which having one of its
poles turned toward one of the armatures 7, and the other pole toward the other
armature 7, so that the set of field magnets 8', are common to both armatures.
These common field magnets are supported by the cross connections 10, by means
of brackets 40, and both the field magnets and the armatures will be made in two
separable halves, as described with reference to Figure 1.
In place of the elastic links 23, 24 one for each driving wheel, I may use the two
rigid links 231, connecting one driving disk 14, with the same driving wheel, but on
diametrically opposite points of the same, as shown in Figure 4.
This driving
connection while it is not elastic, is flexible, and will thus intercept or weaken the
shocks received by the wheels so that they will not be transmitted to the motor
with undiminished force.
In this construction I have shown the motor elastically supported directly by
the side bars 3, of the truck frame, by means of curved arms or brackets 301, instead
of the straight arms or brackets 30, shown in Figure 1: but in all other respects
the elastic connection may be the same.
In my improved electric motor car, the motor is supported, as has been seen, by
the axle boxes, and consequently, at points outside of the wheels, and not between
the wheels as has heretofore been the practice, and which had the inconvenience
that the car axle was loaded at its weakest point, while by my construction the
portion of the car which extends between the wheels sustains no weight at all.
Lu Figure 6, A represents a dynamo electric machine and A', A2, the positive
and negative poles thereof. The trolley lines B, B1, are divided into insulated
sections so that the breaks in one line will alternate with those of the other. Each
section C of line B is connected with the positive pole A¹ of the dynamo by
independent conductors D and each section of line B' is connected with the
negative pole A2 of the dynamo by independent conductors E. In circuit with
each conductor E is a fuse F. G, G, G², G3, G4, represent electric motors.
Should a section of the line become short-circuited, the fuse F in the conductor E
leading to said section will be blown, and said section will be cut out of operation
without affecting the other sections. In the arrangement shown in Figure 7, only
one line is subdivided, and the subdivisions connected with one pole of the dynamo
by independent conductors E having fuses F in circuit therewith, the other line
being made continuous and its ends connected with the other pole of the dynamo.
In Figures 8, 9 and 10, trolley switch is shown, which is adapted to guide a trolley
wheel from one of two lines to a single line, and from a single line to one of two
lines. A is a metal plate having depending flanges 1, 2, at opposite edges. A rib
or track 3 is located on the bottom of plate A and has trolley wire 4 secured to it.
Tracks 5, 6, are secured to bottom of plate A at wide end and have trolley
wires 7, 8, secured to them. A yielding trackway 9 is connected to track 5 and at
end 10 lies normally in line with track 3. A yielding trackway 11 is connected
to track 6 and at its end 12 normally lies against flange 2.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In an elastic locomotive the combination with the driving axle, an armature
supporting sleeve encircling the axle and mounted in bearings independent thereof,
of a spiral spring connected at one end with the armature sleeve and insulated
therefrom, and at the other end with the driving wheel, substantially as described.

page_text: to both
2. In an electric motor car, the combination of an electric motor comprising two
armatures and three sets of field magnets, one of which is common
armatures with a sleeve loosely surrounding the car axle between the wheels' and
having the armatures secured thereto journal bearings in the field magnet yokes
for the armature sleeve, and elastic supports for the motor on the truck frame which
is supported by the axle boxes, substantially as described.
3. In an electric locomotive, the combination with a driving axle and field
magnets-encircling the axle, of an armature sleeve mounted in bearings formed in
or connected with the field magnet frame and means for adjusting the sleeve
longitudinally within its bearings, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
4. In an electric locomotive, the combination with a driving axle, and an armature
sleeve encircling the axle, of an insulated driving disk fastened to the armature
sleeve and a spring connecting the driving disk and one of the driving wheels,
substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
5. In a system of electric distribution for electric railways, the combination with
an electric generator and a continuous trolley line or conductor, of a trolley line
consisting of a series of insulated sections, an individual conductor connecting each
of said sections with the generator, and an automatic cut out for opening the
circuit on the passage of an abnormally heavy current included in each one of said
connecting conductors, substantially as set forth.
6. The combination with an electric generator, of a conductor comprising a series
of insulated sections, each section being connected to one terminal of said generator,
and a continuous conductor connected at both ends to the other terminal of the
generator, substantially as set forth.
7. The combination with an electric generator, of a trolley line comprising a
conductor insulated in sections, individual conductors extending from said sections,
respectively, to the said generator, and an automatic cut out adapted to open the
circuit on the passage of an abnormally heavy current, arranged in each of said
individual conductors, substantially as set forth.
8. The combination with an electric generator, of a conductor comprising a series
of insulated sections, a series of individual feed wires connecting the sectious of said
conductor with one terminal of the generator, a fuse in each feed wire and a
continuous conductor connected with the other terminal of the generator, sub-
stantially as set forth.
9. The combination with an electric generator, of a conductor comprising a series
of insulated sections, a series of feed wires connected with and radiating from one
terminal of the generator, each of said wires including a fuse and each connected
with a section of said conductor, and a continuous conductor having both ends
connected to the other terminal of the generator, substantially as set forth.
10. The combination with a generator and two sectional trolley lines or con
ductors, of a series of feed wires extending from one pole of the generator to and
connected with the respective sections of one trolley line and an automatic cut out
included in each one of said feed wires at a point near the generator, and a
series of feed wires extending from the other pole or the generator to and connected
with the respective sections of the other trolley line, substantially as set forth.
11. The combination with a generator, of two trolley lines or conductors, each
conductor being composed of a series of insulated sections, the joints of the several
sections of one trolley line or conductor alternating with the joints of the sections
of the other trolley line or conductor, feed wires connecting one pole of the
generator with the respective sections of one trolley line or conductor, an automatic
cut-out device in the circuit of each feed wire, and a series of wires connecting the
sections of the other trolley wire or conductor with the other pole of the generator,
substantially as set forth.
12. A trolley switchi comprising a yielding trackway or switch rail on which the
trolley runs, and a stationary flange with which the trolley engages and serves to
automatically shift the yielding trackwayor switch rail, substantially as set forth.
13. A trolley switch provided with depending ribs on which the trolley runs,
·

page_text: and with a yielding trackway or section, one end of which is secured or connected
to the end of one rib while its free end is retained normally in line with the end of
the opposite rib in combination with a stationary flange against which the trolley
bears for shifting the position of the yielding trackway or section, substantially as
set forth.
14. A trolley switch having a single wire connected to one end thereof and two
trolley wires connected to its opposite end, and two movable trackways or sections
connected with the two trolley wires and a flange for causing the trolley to.
automatically adjust said movable trackway, substantially as set forth.
Dated this 19th day of April 1892.
HERBERT & Co.,
18, Buckingham Street, Strand, London, W.C., Agents to Applicant.

page_text: Date of Application, 19th Apr., 1892-Accepted, 27th Aug., 1892
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Dynamo Electric Machines and
Electric Motors.
I, SIDNEY HOWE SHORT, of Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America,
Electrician, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
My invention relates to an improvement in dynamo electric machines and electric
motors, and it consists in the parts and combination of parts as will be hereinafter
more fully described and pointed out in the claims.
In the accompanying drawings
Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11; and 12, illustrate new constructions of
armatures adapted for use either in connection with my improvement in motors or
with dynamo electric machines.
Like numerals of reference indicate like parts all throughout the drawings.
In the machine shown in Figures 1-3 the field magnets A are presented to the
sides of the armature. The laminated toothed core B of this armature is formed of
a soft iron ribbon wound upon a foundation ring, and provided with recesses 2
punched therein which register when the ribbon is wound on the foundation ring.
Any burr left by punching is removed by rolling or hammering. Rivets 3 hold
the lamina in place. The recesses 2 are rectangular with narrower slots 4 in the
When
outer edges of sufficient width to receive the bobbin wire in winding on.
the core has been formed the metal between the recesses 2 constitute teeth C which
approach each other on the outside of the bobbin spaces 2 forming projections 5.
The bobbin wire is wound on in the recess 2 between the teeth C being introduced
through the narrower slots 4 and when a bobbin space is full a key 6, of say mica,
paste-board, or the like coated with cement (as shellac for example) is introduced
between the bobbins D and the projections 5 of the teeth C. The cement hardens
and holds fast the key which firmly locks the bobbin in place.
.
The ring armature of Figs. 4 and 5 has a laminated toothed core B' composed of
plates in which the recesses 2 and narrower slots 4 are punched before the plates
are assembled. The bobbin wire is introduced through the slots 4 and wound in the
undercut grooves 2 between the teeth C¹ having the projections 5. As in
Figures 1, 2 and 3 the teeth and projections are integral with the core so that no
joining is necessary and there is nothing apt to work loose. Keys 6 are introduced
between the bobbins D' and projections 5.
In Figure 6 punched plates are used to form the laminated toothed core B".
which is wound with bobbins D" in the undercut grooves 2, the wire being intro-
duced through the narrower slots 4 and the bobbins being locked by keys 6. In
the machines of Figures 4, 5, 6, the poles are presented to the periphery of the
armature, as indicated for example at A' in Figures 4 and 5.
In the form of machine shown Figures 7-11, the field magnets A are presented
to the sides of the armature. The armature comprises a foundation ring B of
suitable magnetic metal which is grooved circumferentially on the inside as shown
at 2 and a laminated body C composed of soft iron ribbon wound upon itself and
confined by the rivets 3 which pass through the different convulsions of the ribbon
and through the foundation ring. These rivets are bare and a single row of them.
is placed-around the armature in the centre or on a line of equal potential (having
reference to the eddy currents) so as to avoid making circuits in the armature core.
The ribbon at the periphery of the ring is made wider than at the interior portions,.
so that the margins 4 (see Fig. 9) will extend beyond the said inner portions; and
these.margins are milled at 5 so as to leave teeth 6 at the said periphery. These.

page_text: teeth may be deeper or not so deep (the depth being measured radially of the
armature ring) according to the relative amounts of the wider and narrower ribbon
used in making the core. The preferred depth is as shown in solid lines, Fig. 8
deeper teeth (which may be used) being indicated in dotted lines at 6 in said fig.
The bobbins D are wound in the spaces 5 and around the rest of the core, one or
more bobbins occupying each of these spaces. It will be observed that the
grooves 2 may be in communication with the outside air through the spaces 7
between the bobbins and the teeth or projections 6, which spaces are left vacant.
In Figs. 10 and 11 the wider ribbon is used in the intermediate part of the
armature for a short distance so as to form (when slotted) a second row of
teeth 6¹¹
'
The narrower part of the ribbon may be of the same width as the distance across
the foundation ring and the wider parts between the notches 5, but it is shown as
somewhat narrower so as to leave air passages 8 between the core and the bobbins.
These air passages are in free communication with the outer air through the spaces
between bobbins in adjacent notches 5. By starting with a ribbon of proper width
it is unnecessary to dress the faces of the core except in the notches 5 which being
short are easily milled and finished.
The armature is mounted and connected with the commutator in any ordinary or
suitable way.
As shown the arms 9 of a spider D fit in transverse grooves in the
inside of the foundation ring and screws 10 inserted through the core are tapped
into these arms. The spider constitutes the hub of the armature shaft.
In Fig. 12, the laminated core is made of plates some of which are larger in
diameter than the others, and the projecting margins of these are slotted to leave
teeth 6 between which the bobbin wire is wound. These teeth 6 project beyond
the bobbins (as do also the teeth 6, 6 and 6) so that should the armature
make contact with the poles the ends of the teeth make contact therewith and
protect the bobbins.
The operation and mode of using the new or improved machine herein described
being similar to dynamo electric machines in use, and the particular differences
baving been already explained, those skilled in the art will need no further
description in order to make and use the same. The armature is practically
smoother than toothed armatures heretofore devised thus avoiding sparking, and it
also runs cooler.
The ribbon before described need not be in one piece of metal but would
ordinarily be composed of a number of lengths fastened together at the ends. It
is not necessary that it should be a continuous strip, although that is preferred.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what 1
claim is:
1. A dynamo electric machine having an armature turning in contact with the
field poles and provided with a continuous ring of iron on said armature, outside the
bobbins, substantially as set forth.
2. A dynamo electric machine having an armature turning in contact with
the field poles and provided with iron on said armature outside the bobbins, and
iron teeth or separators between the bobbins, substantially as described.
3. A dynamo electric machine having an armature with a laminated core
turning in contact with the field poles and provided with insulation adapted to
prevent the formation of circuits for eddy currents through such contact, substantially
as described.
4. A dynamo electric machine having a laminated armature core provided with
a continuous iron ring outside the bobbins insulated from the laminated core and
turning in contact with the field poles, substantially as described.
5. An armature for dynamo electric machines comprising a foundation ring
grooved circumferentially on its inner periphery and a laminated core a portion
of the folds of which are of less width than that of the foundation ring, and bobbins

page_text: of insulated wire encircling the foundation ring and laminated core, substantially as
set forth.
6. A ring armature for dynamo electric machines consisting of a laminated
core the inner and outer periphery of which projects laterally from the central
portion of the core thereby forming annular grooves in the opposite faces of
the laminated core, and bobbins of insulated conductor encircling the core,
substantially as set forth.
7. An armature for dynamo electrical machines consisting of a laminated core
having projections formed integral with a portion of the outer folds of the core
forming teeth which extend only partly across the opposite faces or sides of its
core and bobbins of insulated conductor encircling the core, substantially as set
forth.
8. An armature for a dynamo electrical machine comprising a core having teeth
or projections formed integral with the core and extending from its periphery only
partly across its side or face in combination with a foundation ring, and bobbins the
construction being such as to form air spaces between the bobbins and the outer
plain surface of the core, substantially as set forth.
9. An armature for a dynamo electrical machine having a laminated core whose
intermediate parts are of narrower material than the adjacent parts surrounded by
the bobbins, so as to leave air passages between the said core and the bobbins
thereon, substantially as described.
10. An armature for a dynamo electrical machine, comprising a laminated core
having a number of adjacent convolutions of one width of ribbon, and a number of
convolutions of wider ribbon notched to form teeth, substantially as described.
11. An armature for a dynamo electrical machine, comprising, in connection with
the bobbins of insulated wire, a laminated core having a number of adjacent con-
volutions of ribbon of a width not exceeding the distance across the armature
between the bobbins and a number of convolutions of wider ribbon notched to form
teeth, substantially as described.
12. An armature for a dynamo electrical machine, having beyond the bobbins
projecting surfaces, which by contact with the poles may keep the bobbins from
contact therewith, substantially as described.
13. An armature for a dynamo electrical machine, having on the core teeth or
projections integral with said core and projecting beyond the bobbins towards the
field poles to protect the bobbins from contact therewith, substantially as described.
14. An armature core consisting of a continuous strip of ribbon wound into
superimposed layers and a rod of bar or naked rivets or pins extending through
such layers and located on a line of equi-potential, substantially as set forth.
15. A ring armature consisting of a laminated core having radial grooves
extending through the core from its inner to its outer periphery at each of its sides,
each groove being of sufficient size to receive a bobbin, narrow open slots being
formed in the sides of the core and communicating with said grooves, said slots
being of a width sufficient to allow of the insertion of a single strand of the bobbin,
and means for closing the slots after the bobbins have been secured in place,
substantially as set forth.
16. A. ring armature consisting of a laminated core having radial grooves,
rectangular in cross section extending through the core from its inner to its outer
periphery and at each of its sides, each groove being of sufficient size to receive a
bobbin, narrow slots being formed in the sides of the core and communicating with
said grooves said slots being of a width sufficient to allow of the insertion of a
single strand of the bobbin, and insulating medium for closing the slots after the
bobbins have been inserted in the radial grooves, substantially as set forth.
Dated this 19th dor of Anvil 1300
HERBERT & Co.,
18, Buckingham Street, Strand, London, W.C., Agents to Applicant.