matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN PLOUGHS
Year: 1854

page_text: went was not given
LILG
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Stevenson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th May
1854.
I, JOHN STEVENSON, of Graslees, near Elsdon, in the County of Northum
berland, Farmer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PLOUGHS" to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved construction of plough, whereby a
greater depth of soil is turned up and the sod more effectually reversed than by
the ordinary ploughs at present in use. The principal improvements consists in
the use of a mould board, which is so curved as to reverse or turn the sod com-
pletely over, in place of at an angle only, as at present. A second coulter or
cutting flange is used behind the front of the mould board, in order to pare a
thin slice off the solid ground after the sod has been raised there from, in order
to prepare a proper bed for the reversed sod.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE TREATMENT AND MANUFACTURE OF METALS AND METALLIC ORES
Year: 1854

page_text: by the Act.J
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Johnson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th May
1854. A communication.
1, WILLIAM JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE TREATMENT AND MANUFACTURE OF METALS AND METALLIC ORES'
to be as follows:-
"
This Invention relates more particularly to the. preparation or manufacture
of iron and steel, but the general process is more or less applicable in the
treatment of other metals. In melting the metals, the necessary blast is
obtained from a rotatory helical cone blower. Such a blower may be con-
veniently made of four helices combined together, each helix forming an air
channel, and being tapered from end to end in the bore or capacity, so that
the wide ends take in the air, and the narrow ones expel it. Instead of the
internal mechanism only being made to revolve, the whole case and external
shell revolves together; and it may either work alone, or in combination with
a fan or other blower; and it may be fitted at one part with a fluid receiver,
so as to blow damp or moistened air.

page_text: This forms the mechanical branch of the improvements as relates to the
treatment and reduction of metals; in the chemical routine the following
agents are employed :-
Chlorides of iron and manganese, such as the refuse from chlorine
works;
Chloride of alumina;
Fluorides, such as fluoride of calcium; tin, and stannate and salts of tin;
cadimum and zinc and their salts;
Salts of magnesium ;
Ferrates and manganates of soda and potash, pumice, lavas, pozzolanos, and
other similar volcanic products, and the refuse of glass works;
Formiates, tartrates, and nitrates.
These substances are used either separately or in combination, or combined
with other matters, in the processes of melting, puddling, refining, hardening,
and softening irons, steel, and their ores, and for treating other metallic ores or
substances.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF MANUFAC- TURING PRINTING BLOCKS
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Bowles Hare at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd October
1854.
I, CHARLES BOWLES HARE, of Bristol, Floor-cloth Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF MANUFAC-
TURING PRINTING BLOCKS " to be as follows:-
The chief object of this Invention is to facilitate the manufacture of printing
blocks used in the printing of floor-cloths. The pattern, as is well known, of
this class of goods is composed of spots of color laid on by a series of wood
blocks having corresponding projections on their surface. To produce these
projections, the face of the wood block is grooved in parallel lines equi-
distant from cach other, and these grooves are crossed by similar grooves
running at right angles thereto. A surface of isolated projections is thus
formed all over the block; and of these all are removed but such as corre-
spond to the pattern or portion of the pattern which the block is intended
to print. Now, the present Invention is intended to facilitate the operation of
grooving printing. blocks of this kind, and for this purpose I provide a series
of rotary saw blades, which I secure to a common shaft, setting them at such

page_text: a distance apart thereon as will insure a proper space between the saw cuts.
Under rotating saws thus arranged, I pass the blocks to be grooved, and
when the grooves have been thereby cut in one direction, I turn the blocks,
and again present them to the action of the saws, which will now cut across
the grooves first made, and leave the required projections on the printing face
of the block. The block may then be finished in the usual manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PUDDLING FURNACES
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Caddick at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th November
1854.
I, DAVID CADDICK, of the Ebbw Vale Iron Works, in the County of
Monmouth, Mason, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PUDDLING FURNACES" to be as follows:-
These furnaces, as heretofore, are constructed for the most part of fire
bricks, but in place of having the ordinary iron plates and angle iron for
giving strength to the front and back sides, as heretofore, they are each
constructed with a wrought-iron plate on each back and front side, extending
from top to bottom and from end to end of the furnace, with suitable openings.
The "tool boshes" have flues formed thereto, leading into upright flues formed
in the angles of the shaft or chimney, by which the steam generated (by the hot
tools being put into the water in the "tool boshes") passes away outside of
the lining of the shaft, and thus tends to keep the shaft or chimney cool; and
a flue is made at the back side of a puddling furnace, leading to the flues outside
of the shaft or chimney, through which a rush of air passes, and mixes with
the steam from the "tool boshes," and this aids in keeping the parts cool.
The flue which leads from the furnace to the shaft is made with a moveable
iron bottom, which (when the furnace is at work) is supported, so as to close
the bottom of the flue; but when the flue is to be cleaned, the iron bottom is

page_text: caused to descend, and thus to leave the slag and cinder unsupported, by
which these matters may be more readily got at and removed, than heretofore
has been the case in the flues of puddling furnaces.
In order to cool the bed of the furnace after a charge of iron has been
withdrawn, an apparatus is applied to the exterior of the furnace, by which
blasts of air can be thrown on or projected against the hot bed, and thus
cool it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF ARRANGING AND CONSTRUCTING THE GEARING OR DRIVING APPARATUS OF MACHINERY TO PREVENT ACCIDENTS AND SAVE TIME AND EXPENSE IN ARRANGING THE SAME
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Heyes at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th April 1854.
I, GEORGE HEYES, of Aspull, near Wigan, in the County of Lancaster,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF ARRANGING AND CONSTRUCTING THE GEARING
OR DRIVING APPARATUS OF MACHINERY TO PREVENT ACCIDENTS AND SAVE TIME AND
EXPENSE IN ARRANGING THE SAME" to be as follows:-
My Invention consists, firstly, of arranging guards or shields under the
drums or pullies of the shafting of sheet iron or other similar material; these
guards or shields encirle the under side of the drums. On the shaft I fix an
arm or projection to extend a little over or beyond the periphery of the drum,
which also supports the guards or shields; then, if any object by accident comes
in contact with the strap or belt and is taken up by it, the said object will come
in contact with the projecting extremity of the arm, and, raising the guard or
shield to the periphery of the drum beneath the strap or belt, releases it from
the drum, thus stopping instantly the revolving motion of the strap, and
releasing the object accidentally caught by it.
Secondly, of an arrangement. for facilitating the operation of putting the
straps on the drums, and of piecing them when broken, which I enable the
workman to perform with more safety than can be done by the present methods.

page_text: I fix a shield or guard with flange on the outer rim at each end of the drum;
these shields or guards are equal in diameter to the drum, and are stationary,
supported by fixings to the beam or other convenient manner, and being close
to each end of the drum, it is evident that if the strap breaks or becomes in
any way deranged, it cannot fall on the revolving shaft, and thus become
entangled and cause mischief, but will fall on one of the shields or guards,
when the workman will be able to piece it without danger of being caught
by the revolving shaft, and without any one to assist him in the operation.
AN ECONOMICAL RAILWAY FOR THE CONVEYANCE OF PASSENGERS, GOODS, AND LETTERS
Year: 1854

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sir James Caleb Anderson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
June 1854.
1, Sir JAMES CALED ANDERSON, of Formoy, in the County of Cork, Baronet,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN ECONOMICAL
RAILWAY FOR THE CONVEYANCE OF PASSENGERS, GOODS, AND LETTERS," to be as
follows:-
After the rails are fixed they are to be enclosed in a chamber made of wood
or other materials.
To work the line I fix high pressure engines at such distances as may be
found requisite; on the top of the chamber which encloses the rails the chimneys
of the engines are to be placed. The exit steam of each engine is to be
permitted to escape at a good pressure into its chimney. By this arrange-
ment the air in the chamber will be drawn up the chimney, and thus a strong
current of air will be caused to rush into the chamber at the opposite end
to that at which the engine is at work, and in the direction of the working
engine.
On the rail I place a carriage, the back of which is to be nearly equal to
the square of the vertical section of the chamber. The air in the front of
the carriage being drawn by the exit steam up the chimney or chimneys of the
working engine or engines, the incoming air, by pressing on the back of the

page_text: carriage, will force it forward at a velocity equal to that at which the air in
the chamber moves, minus the frixtion.
As the exit steam will create the current of air required to give the motive
power, the engine power can be let at a profit, and thus passengers, goods, and
letters can be conveyed continually to the principal towns of the kingdom
without any cost for power.
It will be necessary to put windows, to light the chamber, when passengers
are to be conveyed.
It will be necessary to put windows, to light the chamber, when passengers
are to be conveyed.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MODE OF APPLYING POWER TO COMBINED THRESHING AND DRESSING MACHINES
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Hart, of the Vale of Whitehorse Iron
Works, Wantage, in the County of Berkshire, Agricultural Engineer,
for the Invention of "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MODE OF APPLYING POWER
TO COMBINED THRESHING AND DRESSING MACHINES."
Sealed the 16th June 1854, and dated the 24th April 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Hart at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th April
1854.
I, CHARLES HART, of the Vale of Whitehorse Iron Works, Wantage, in the
County of Berkshire, Agricultural Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MODE OF APPLYING POWER TO
COMBINED THRESHING AND DRESSING MACHINES" to be as follows:
72
This improvement is intended to obviate the inconvenience which is
experienced in the mode hitherto employed for giving motion to the various
moving parts of combined threshing and dressing machines, by taking the
several motions of the drum, straw, shakers, fan blowers, riddles, &c., from off'
one small pulley. My improvement consists in the introduction and employ-
ment of a second or supplemental pulley and shaft, the pulley being placed

page_text: with its periphery projecting in the line of the driving strap, so as to take
motion from it as it revolves round the driving wheel and small pulley in the
ordinary way.
The working of the several parts of the apparatus may then be divided
between the supplemental shaft and the ordinary pulley in the most advan- 5
tageous manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CLOSING, STOPPING, OR SECURING THE NECKS OF BOTTLES AND OTHER SIMILAR VESSELS
Year: 1854

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Gedge at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th December
1854. A communication.
I, JOHN GEDGE, of No. 4, Wellington Street South, Strand, in the County
of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CLOSING, STOPPING, OR SECURING THE NECKS OF BOTTLES AND
OTHER SIMILAR VESSELS," being a communication from Auguste Rigolet, of
Marseilles, in France, to be as follows:-
I propose to stop or secure bottles and act upon the contents thereof in the
manner of a syphon. I take a tube of metal and place in it a pedal, which
works therein and projects at one side of the neck of the bottle; (this tube I
call a plunger.) I place in it another tube, having a screw at each end (male
and female); on the upper end I fix a nut, and on the lower a capsule, with
exterior rim snipped in four or more sections, and covered with india-rubber,
into which the plunger tube passes. The screw draws up the capsule, which,
being larger at its base, spreads out the sections of the capsules in the empty
part of the bottle, and thus forms a perfect joint, capable of resisting any
pressure, and is fixed on a bottle more easily than a common cork without
hammering or exterior capsule, and requires (as for aerated waters) no
wiring. I also propose to use a modification of the above without the plunger
tube.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF COLORING AND ORNAMENTING LEATHER, VELLUM, BOOK EDGES, PAPER, AND OTHER LIKE SUBSTANCES EMPLOYED IN BOOKBINDING
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Rumsey Gillard at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
April 1854.
I, WILLIAM RUMSEY GILLARD, of Kirby Street, in the County of Middlesex,
Bookbinder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED METHOD OF COLORING AND ORNAMENTING LEATHER, VELLUM, BOOK EDGES,
PAPER, AND OTHER LIKE SUBSTANCES EMPLOYED IN BOOKBINDING," to be as follows: →
My Invention consists in producing on the covers of books, and in substi-
tuting for the ordinary "marbling" of paper, vellum, leather, book edges, and
the like, an ornamentation or coloring laid on through one or more stencil
plates; should the pattern, device, or figure to be produced be of one color,
then one plate will suffice, but if more than one, then I use a separate plate
for each separate color. By first sizing or otherwise preparing the paper or
other materials, I am enabled to apply metallic and other powders as well as
colors. Any kind of device or pattern may be cut in the plate, such as flowers,
figures, &c., &c.
VENTING THE NOISE IN OMNIBUSSES AND OTHER CARRIAGES TRAVELLING ON COMMON ROADS, STREETS, AND RAILWAYS
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Wilson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st December
1854.
I, THOMAS WILSON, of No. 3, Moscow Road, Bayswater, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "PRE-
VENTING THE NOISE IN OMNIBUSSES AND OTHER CARRIAGES TRAVELLING ON COMMON
ROADS, STREETS, AND RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of the introduction of india-rubber blocks between
the axletree and springs, in in place of the wooden blocks now in use. My
Invention is to prevent the noise arrising from the windows, by lineing the
said windows and frames, with india-rubber.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS
Year: 1854

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Blakey Spencer and Arthur
James Melhuish at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the. 22nd May 1854.
We, JOSEPH BLAKEY SPENCER, of the Shooter's Hill Road, in the Hamlet
of Kidbrook, County of Kent, and ARTHUR JAMES MELIUISH, of 6, Bowater
Place, Shooter's Hill Road, aforesaid, in the Parish of Greenwich, in the same
County, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS" to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in photographic apparatus,
by means of which a person may more conveniently carry out and use any
quantity of prepared paper or surface in such manner as to obtain in succession
a series of photographic pictures, the parts of the paper or sensitive surface not
for the time being in use being rolled up within the frame for the camera.
For this purpose the frame in which the prepared surfaces are employed is
fitted up with two rollers, and the sensitive surfaces are connected together so
as to produce a long sheet, of a length suitable for receiving in succession
several or many pictures; and in using the apparatus, after one picture has
been taken, that part of the prepared sensitive surface is wound up on to one
of the rollers, and a fresh quantity of the prepared surface, suitable for receiving
another picture, is unwound off the other roller, and so on, till all the prepared

page_text: paper or surface on the roller has been used. Two rods' or tubes of yellow
glass are employed to. retain the part of the sensitive surface, which for the
time being is brought into position in the correct plane or position. And in
some cases, particularly when using waxed paper, in place of focusing on to a
plate of ground glass, I focus directly on to the prepared surface, having
previously placed a plate of yellow glass in front of the lens, to prevent the light
from injuriously affecting the surface, and also another plate of yellow glass
behind the paper with a similar object.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BEARINGS, AND IN THE PREVENTION OF FRICTION
Year: 1854

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Mumby at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th July 1854.
I, GEORGE MUMBY, of 9, Hunter Street, Brunswick Square, in the County
of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BEARINGS, AND IN THE PREVENTION OF
FRICTION," to be as follows:-
These improvements consist in the application of a non-conducting substance
as a substitute for metal in bearings of machinery, whereby heating is prevented
and greater durability obtained; also the use of a powder as a substitute for
oil in the prevention of friction.
The non-conducting substances proposed to be employed for bearings are
glass, porcelain, and.materials of a similar nature, so applied and secured that
they form a bed or bearing upon which the shaft revolves; they may also be
so arranged in combination with metal as to form bearing surfaces partly of
metal and partly of the above-named substances.
Finely powdered tale, or other similar, material reduced to a fine powder,
may be employed in substitution for oil for lubricating purposes, such powder
being applied in any convenient manner to the surfaces in contact with each.
other.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BUTTONS, AND ATTACHING THEM TO ARTICLES OF WEARING APPAREL
Year: 1854

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Jeremiah Iliffe and Nehe-
miah Brough at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 30th January 1854.
We, HENRY JEREMIAH ILIFFE, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Button Manufacturer, and NEHEMIAH BROUGH, of the same place, Tool Maker
and Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BUTTONS, AND ATTACHING THEM TO ARTICLES OF
WEARING APPAREL," to be as follows, that is to say :-
A
Our improvements consist in manufacturing the various descriptions of
buttons that are composed of a single or double metal shell, whether covered
or not, in such manner and with such parts that they shall require no sewing
on to garments, but shall be in a manner self-attaching. For this purpose
we form a shell either of one or two blanks into a shape of this section
without any holes in the centre. We then take a piece of thin
metal, stamped out in the form of a cross, and bent up to this form
To attach this button to a garment it is merely necessary to place the shell in
the required position, and passing the shank through the cloth from the other
side, insert the prongs into the shell at A, A. A smart blow with a hammer
then spreads them out between the upper and under sides of the shell, whence
they can be withdrawn only with great force. We intend to use two, three,
or more prongs to the shank, as occasion may require, and we shall also, if we

page_text: think fit, make perforations in the under part of the shell, to suit the number of
prongs, instead of cutting out the whole centre, as shewn in the section. We
shall also use in some cases, instead of the pronged shank, a cap similar to a
percussion cap in form, but flattened at the top to produce a rim. A thin
metal washer is slid over this cap up to the rim, and a hole being punched in
the cloth or other material the cap is passed through it into the shell on the
opposite side. A blow with a hammer has then the same effect of spreading
out the hollow end of the cap between the sides of the shell.
THE EMPLOYMENT OF ADHESIVE IMITATION EMBROIDERY TO LACE, MUSLIN, SILK, WOOLLEN, COTTON, OR OTHER FABRICS, SUCH EMBROIDERY BEING FORMED OF CUT, PRESSED, OR STAMPED PATTERNS OF VELVET, CRAPE, OR OTHER MATERIALS
Year: 1854

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Withers Taylor and Charles
Jackson Taylor at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 15th August 1854.
We, JOHN WITHERS TAYLOR and CHARLES JACKSON TAYLOR, of the Town
of Nottingham, Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "THE EMPLOYMENT OF ADHESIVE IMITATION EMBROIDERY TO LACE,
MUSLIN, SILK, WOOLLEN, COTTON, OR OTHER FABRICS, SUCH EMBROIDERY BEING
FORMED OF CUT, PRESSED, OR STAMPED PATTERNS OF VELVET, CRAPE, OR OTHER
MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in the employment of adhesive imitation embroidery
to lace, muslin, silk, woollen, cotton, or other fabrics, such embroidery
being formed of cut, pressed, or stamped patterns of velvet, crape, or other
materials.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HATS AND OTHER COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Knox Stuart, of Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain, Surgeon, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
HATS AND OTHER COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD."
Sealed the 8th August 1854, and dated the 4th March 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Knox Stuart at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
March 1854.
I, JOHN KNOX STUART, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Surgeon, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN HATS AND OTHER COVERINGS FOR THE HEAD" to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the construction of hats, helmets, caps, and other
coverings for the head in such manner that perfect ventilation may be secured
therein during use, whilst easy and comfortable fitting is also attained. The
main body of the bat is constructed in the ordinary manner, or in the manner
for which Mr. Stuart has already obtained Letters Patent, dated July 7th, 1853.
Along the interior of the hat body is attached a series of tubes of horse hair,
india-rubber, or other elastic material, such tubes being preferably disposed so
as to run in lines parallel with the axis of the hat. Instead of tubes, the
necessary elasticated materials may be arranged in plaits or folds, or in other

page_text: ways which will afford the necessary elastic action. These elastic surfaces are
then covered over with a lining piece; and thus, whilst a free circulation of air
round the head is fully obtained, the fit is easy and comfortable. The lining
may be of hair cloth or other permeable fabric. By another modification a
species of double hat is used, that is to say, the brim and lower portion is
made double, inclosing an air space, access to which is gained by perforations
through the brim, edge, or other portion. The external air can thus pass in
through the thickness of the brim, and issue up between the two walls of the
hat body, and thus get into the interior. The inner portion of the body may
either be carried up nearly to the top with lateral perforations, or only a short
distance up.
To give a continuous current through the ventilating space,
one or more tubes are passed up through such space, opening at one end to
the external air through or near-the-brim; and at the other through the hat
body towards the top. This tubular system of ventilation may also be carried
out in the common solid hat, or in the elastic tube hat already described
herein. Instead of elastic tubes, an easy fitting surface is obtainable by curled
hair or other padding suitably held in position. The ventilating hat already
patented by Mr. Stuart is also modified according to these improvements by so
arranging it that the external portion shall descend down or nearly to the level
of the brim, and thus do away with any peculiarity in its external appearance.
The addition of the herein-before described ventilating tube arrangement would
also furnish the means of continuous and complete ventilation, and any water
may be carried off by similar tubular conductors leading from the upper to the
lower part of the hat.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REGULATING OR GOVERNING THE SPEED OF STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Hinchliffe, junior, of Dam Side, near Halifax,
in the County of York, Cotton Spinner, for the Invention of "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REGULATING OR GOVERNING THE SPEED OF
STEAM ENGINES."
Sealed the 14th November 1854, and dated the 18th May 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Hinchliffe at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
May 1854.
I, JOSEPH HINCHILIFFE, junior, of Dam Side, near Halifax, in the County
of York, Cotton Spinner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REGULATING OR GOVERNING THE SPEED
OF STEAM ENGINES" to be as follows:-
My improvements are applicable to and act in connection with the usual.
method of governing and regulating the speed of steam engines. Governors
or regulators of steam engines at present in use are generally connected with
the "throttle" valve by a series of rods or levers or other appropriate fittings:
in the application of my improvements I dispense with such particular rod or
fitting, as may be most expedient under the circumstances, and in lieu thereof

page_text: employ two shorter rods, each being furnished at one end with a screw, the
one left the other right handed, and working in a box or tube containing
corresponding right and left handed female screws, the said box or tube to be
acted upon by appropriate gearing from the shaft or any other moveable part
of the before-mentioned' ordinary governor or regulator; by such arrange-
ment a connecting rod becomes a self-acting lengthening bar, and at every
variation of the speed of the engine, and the consequent expanding or falling
of the balls of the governor, the gearing in connection with the right and left
handed screws is acted upon, and the connecting rod or bar lengthened or
shortened, thereby imparting a more complete or sensitive action to the throttle
valve, as required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HARROWS
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th February
1854. A communication.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of Glasgow, North Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HARROWS," commu-
nicated to me from the United States of America, to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in constructing a drag harrow, of three parts,
arranged together with three joints, in such a manner as to constitute a right-
angled triangle, each part having the utmost freedom of movement, and
accomodating itself in a most perfect manner to the nature of the surface
over which it moves. The irons are fastened into the frame in the usual
manner, and horses are attached at the joint where the whiffle tree is fastened.
This harrow is found to possess many advantages over those in common use,
such as freedom from liability to clog, thoroughness in breaking up all kinds
of lands, no matter how rough, and the fineness of tilth to which the same
is reduced. It also possesses great advantages in its facility of bending,
accommodating itself to all unevenness of surface in the most remarkable
manner. The hinges are so arranged that the different parts can be
detached at pleasure with the utmost facility. The principal object of the
Invention being the construction of a harrow in three parts, so shaped,

page_text: arranged, and fitted to each other, that by their union a right-angled
triangle is formed; the two hinder parts having a mitral union by one
flexible hinge, whereby great freedom and variety of motion, with less liability
to clog, is obtained.
CER- TAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS, TILES, PIPES, AND OTHER ARTICLES MADE OF CLAY
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Walker at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd December
1854.
I, JAMES WALKER, of Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford, Brick
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CER-
TAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS, TILES,
PIPES, AND OTHER ARTICLES MADE OF CLAY," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the direct application of the elastic force of steam
for the purpose of dislodging plastic clay from the receiving chambers of pug
mills, employed in preparing and forcing plastic clay into and through dies
for the purpose of forming it into bricks, tiles, tubes, or other forms. My
Invention also consists of a mode whereby I employ the direct action of the
elastic force of steam for the above-named purposes acting alternately on both
sides of a piston.
AN IMPROVED MEANS OF SECURING GOODS OR LOADING IN OR ON RAILWAY TRUCKS OR WAGGONS
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Eassie at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th October
1854.
I, WILLIAM EASSIE, of the City of Gloucester, Railway Contractor, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MEANS OF
SECURING GOODS OR LOADING IN OR ON RAILWAY TRUCKS OR WAGGONS" to be as
follows:-
I propose to use an improved kind of latch or bar lock, chiefly applicable for
the flaps of lime or coal waggons or trucks, by which the fastening process
will be rendered easier to work, and better secure the load; the present mode
of fastening these long flaps (viz.) by means of a slot and chain, with an
attached peg, being always attended by great loss of time, and usually with
risk of accident, when in the act of attaching the two fasteners inside the
buffers. I propose to cut in the headstock or sole bar a long groove, into
which is inserted a long iron bar, which can be slid three inches or so in a
sideward direction, and in which occasional notches are made, such notches
occurring in near proximity to where the long hinges depend. On moving the
lever, by which the iron bar is slid along, the hook on the end of the hinge iron
is brought opposite to the apperture in the bar, and thus opened; or if wanted
to be fastened, the lever is turned over the back of flap, and thus becomes
immediately locked. The position of the working lever is so contrived that it
partly forms in itself the purpose of a holdfast, by being made to turn over in
the end of the flap.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF THE ELECTROTYPE OR GALVANO-PLASTIC PROCESSES
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st December
1854. A communication.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of Glasgow, North Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF THE
ELECTROTYPE OR GALVANO-PLASTIC PROCESSES," a communication from Etienne
Lenoir, of Paris, in the Empire of France, Galvaniser, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a mode or processes whereby entire statuettes or
other objects may be produced, in place of being only produced in half relief,
and consists in making a mould or matrix of plaster, gutta percha, metal, or
other suitable material, corresponding exactly in size and form to the object
to be reproduced. If the material of which this mould is composed be not a
good conductor, it is proposed to coat the inside with metal. The mould is
then separated into two two or more parts, according to the nature of the
object, and a flat plate of copper, gold, silver, steel, or other metal of which
the object is to be composed, is cut to the form of the outline of the object to
be reproduced and suspended inside the mould, but is made altogether smaller
than the mould, in order that it shall not be in electric contact with the interior

page_text: of the mould. The mould is then closed, and a conducting wire is led there-
from in connection with the metal plate to one of the poles of a battery, whilst
another wire is connected to the mould and attached to the opposite pole of
the battery. The mould has previously been filled, however, with a metallic
solution corresponding to the metal of the plate inside. On the battery being
brought into action, the internal metal plate gradually dissolves, and the metal
thereof becomes deposited on the interior surface of the mould, in which, when
opened after the completion of the process, will be found the statuette or other
object complete.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING THE COMBUSTION OF SMOKE IN FIRE-PLACES
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Anthony Perpigna, Advocate, of Paris, in
the Empire of France, for the Invention of "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR
EFFECTING THE COMBUSTION OF SMOKE IN FIRE-PLACES."-A communication.
Sealed the 8th August 1854, and dated the 7th June 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Anthony Perpigna
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th June 1854.
I, CHARLES ANTHONY PERPIGNA, Advocate, of Paris, in the Empire of France,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS
FOR EFFECTING THE COMBUSTION OF SMOKE IN FIRE-PLACES" to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a mode or modes of supplying a current or currents
of air to fire-places, for the purpose of consuming the smoke generated
therein. In applying this Invention to bakers' ovens, I fit into the crown
or roof of the fire-place a set of pipes, which are open at both ends, and are
braced together by a cross har or bars.
These open pipes are intended to receive air from the outer atmosphere, and

page_text: deliver it in a heated state on to the burning fuel, and thereby effect the com-
bustion of the smoke.
Or in place of pipes, I make an air passage (open at both ends) in the crown
of the fire-place by the use of fire tiles. Cold air will, therefore, when tho
fire is lighted, be drawn into this air passage or flue, and find its exit through
the crown of the fire-place on to the ignited fuel, when a similar effect to that
produced by the employment of the metal pipes will result.
It will be obvious that this mode of supplying air is applicable also to closed
fire-places generally.
AN IMPROVED SYSTEM FOR PRESERVING AND TRANSPORTING ANIMAL AND OTHER ALIMENTARY SUBSTANCES
Year: 1854

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given
by the Act.)
prescrived
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Corentin Marie Perron de Kermoal
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 26th August 1854.
I, CORENTIN MARIE PERRON DE KERMOAL, at Paris, a Town in the French
Empire, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED SYSTEM FOR PRESERVING AND TRANSPORTING ANIMAL AND OTHER
ALIMENTARY SUBSTANCES" to be as follows:-
The bones are removed from the flesh or meat, which is immersed for a
few seconds in boiling water, and is then placed in boilers already containing
water in a state of ebullition, together with a suitable proportion of vegetables.
The water in which the meat is first immersed dissolves a certain portion of
nutritive or alimentary substance, and this water is employed to fill the second
boilers from time to time. The meat is only partially cooked in the second
boilers, and it is then taken out and cut into pieces on an inclined table, and
placed in tin boxes, after having been immersed in a preservative mixture of
vinegar and salt and water. After the meat is introduced into the boxes,
with or without the vegetables with which it has been boiled, the end or
bottom of each box is soldered on, and the box is filled up through a hole in
the centre, which is afterwards closed hermetically by soldering a disc over it.
The closed boxes are then exposed to steam at a temperature of two hundred

page_text: and fifty degrees of Fahrenheit's thermometer, more or less, by which means
the cooking of the meat is completed, and the oxygen of the small quantity of
air remaining in the vessels is neutralized, and subsequent fermentation is
prevented. The bottom of the box is stamped with a groove, in which enters
the edge or rim of the disc, which is fixed by running solder into the groove.
The boxes are made strong enough to resist the pressure of the vapour or
steam within them when heated as above mentioned. The substances are
thus preserved, and may be transported from place to place, and taken out of
the boxes when required for use. The whole operation is simple, and easily
performed. The boxes may be of tinned iron or other suitable metal.
A NEW METHOD FOR THE EFFECTUAL CONSUMPTION OR PREVENTION OF SMOKE & THE MORE PERFECT COMBUSTION OF COALS & OTHER FUEL BY MEANS OF A MECHANICAL APPARATUS AND FURNACE BARS OF A CERTAIN CONSTRUCTION; A PORTION OF THE SAME MAY BE APPLIED FOR RAISING WATER, AND IN FURNACES WHERE BLAST IS REQUIRED
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Gilpin and Abraham
Bowen at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 18th December 1854.
We, WILLIAM GILPIN, of No. 2, Moorgate Street, London, and ABRAHAM
BOWEN, of Stafford Street, Peckham, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "A NEW METHOD FOR THE EFFECTUAL CONSUMPTION
OR PREVENTION OF SMOKE & THE MORE PERFECT COMBUSTION OF COALS & OTHER
FUEL BY MEANS OF A MECHANICAL APPARATUS AND FURNACE BARS OF A CERTAIN
CONSTRUCTION; A PORTION OF THE SAME MAY BE APPLIED FOR RAISING WATER,
AND IN FURNACES WHERE BLAST IS REQUIRED," to be as follows, viz. :-
By means of angular bars placed in the door of the furnace, & which may
also be applied as grate bars, we prevent the radiation of heat from the furnace
A further improvement consists in affixing an extra door or slide to
the door already formed of angular bars, whereby the supply of air to the
furnace may be regulated. Also, by means of a machine constructed in the
form of a screw, and which we propose to term "the Archimedian fan
exhauster," we exhaust or draw from furnaces or sewers all smoke, gases,
or other volatile residuum.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROOFING OR COVERING RESERVOIRS OR HOLDERS FOR LIQUIDS
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Michael Scott at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th June
1854.
I, MICHAEL SCOTT, of Great George Street, in the City of Westminster,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ROOFING OR COVERING RESERVOIRS OR HOLDERS FOR LIQUIDS"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a mode of protecting water reservoirs from the
effects of light, heat, dust, rain, and all extraneous effects or agents. This
improvement is carried out by the use of a peculiar form of floating lid or
cover, on the principle of the usual gas-holder. Where the water reservoir is
formed square down in vertical section, or with vertical sides, the improved
cover consists merely of a cup lid, like the top of a gas-holder, formed of plate
iron, or other suitable material, and made perfectly air-tight. This lid fits
exactly to the surface of the reservoir, and its circumferential rim is made
sufficiently deep to contain a stratum of air, which shall thus act as a buoyant
power to keep the lid floating on the water surface, and at the same time
answer as a non-conducting diaphragm. Where the reservoir has sloping
sides, provision must necessarily be made for the covering of the slope by some
apparatus which shall not have a direct vertical traverse. This is conveniently
effected by the use of an adjustable lever and tension rod arrangement, covered
with iron plates or other material. The central space comprehended within
the circumferential slope of the reservoir is covered with an air-tight cup lid,

page_text: as herein-before referred to, and from this radial or external rods pass off to a
system of jointed levers, set round the top of the reservoir bank at the head
of the slope. The rods being freely jointed, the rising and falling of the water
carries up and down the central lid, and causes the external links with their
cover to rise and fall also, and adjust themselves to the line of the slope. The
actual cover or diaphragm may be made of various materials, and may be put
together in various ways.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN PREPARING FLAX POR SPINNING
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Dinsley Skelton, of Leeds, in the County
of York, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVEMENT IN PREPARING FLAX POR
SPINNING."
Sealed the 30th May 1854, and dated the 22nd March 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Dinsley Skelton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 22nd March 1854.
I, WILLIAM DINSLEY SKELTON, of Leeds, in the County of York, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN PREPARING FLAX
FOR SPINNING" to be as follows:-
Heretofore it has been usual to subject flax to a steeping or retting process
before scutching, hackling, spreading, drawing, and roving, and in some cases
flax has been prepared and spun without going through a steeping or retting
process. Now my improvement consists in causing flax to be prepared by
scutching, hackling, spreading, drawing, and roving, or some of these processes,
without previously being steeped or retted, and then to steep or ret the flax for
a suitable length of time in hot water, and afterwards to spin in the ordinary
manner by passing the flax through hot water.
IMPROVED MEANS OF CONSUMING SMOKE IN FURNACES
Year: 1854

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Kirkham at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th April
1854.
I, JOHN KIRKHAM, of Tonbridge Place, in the County of Middlesex, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
MEANS OF CONSUMING SMOKE IN FURNACES" to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to consume the smoke given off during the
combustion in furnaces of bituminous matters, such as coal, coal tar, pitch, and
other analogous substances, either solid or liquid. Some of these matters are
so rich in carbon that the smoke evolved therefrom cannot be consumed unless
an additional quantity of atmospheric air is supplied thereto, during the process
of combustion. I have found that the action of air on the smoke is much
more energetic when heated than when supplied in a cold state; I therefore
propose to furnish a supply of air heated by means of pipes, or in a chamber or
chambers contiguous to or forming part of the furnace or flues. Atmospheric
air being made to pass in or through these pipes or chambers will be highly
heated, and when allowed to come in contact with the unconsumed gases and
smoke evolved from the fuel in the furnace, will consume the said gases, thereby
economising fuel, increasing the heat, and preventing the exit of smoke from
the chimney.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1854

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION' left by John Downie at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd December
1854.
I, JOHN DOWNIE, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN FIRE-ARMS" to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to the construction of fire-arms of various classes, but
more especially heavy cannon and large guns for land and marine artillery, by
a combination of wrought and cast iron. A mass of wrought iron is first
solidly forged, and then bored out to within a very slight amount of the intended
finished bore of the gun, the breech end of this piece being left solid. This
bored piece, which is intended to form the centre of the gun, is then heated to
a considerable extent, and it is then suspended vertically in the centre of the
dry sand or loam mould in which the external portion of the gun is to be cast.
This mould is shaped to the contour to which the gun is intended finally to
assume, and cast iron being then poured in so as to surround the wrought-iron
centre, the moulded metal is made to form a firm outer casing for the internal
bored portion. By heating the wrought-iron centre, the metal of which it is
composed is made to approximate somewhat closely in temperature to the
temperature of the molten metal surrounding it, and the two become firmly
bound together. The cast iron is poured into the mould in a very hot con-

page_text: dition, for the purpose of securing the essential amalgamation of the two
metals. The gun is then finished off for use in the ordinary manner. Very
superior strength is secured in guns of this class, as the central wrought-iron
lining can be forged with perfect solidity and bored with great accuracy,
whilst the external cast-iron casing forms an efficient binder for strengthening
the piece.