IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DYEING IN SECTIONS FIBROUS MATERIALS, YARNS, OR STRIPED GOODS
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Charles Davies, of Bradford, in the County of
York, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
DYEING IN SECTIONS FIBROUS MATERIALS, YARNS, OR STRIPED GOODS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Charles Davies at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th September 1879.
EDWARD CHARLES DAVIES, of Bradford, in the County of York, Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DYEING IN SECTIONS FIBROUS MATERIALS,
YARNS, OR STRIPED GOODS."
My Invention relates to dyeing in sections fibrous substances and yarns, in order
to produce mixed coloured threads or mixed coloured striped goods.
For this purpose I construct two side frames, which are secured to the required
width of the apparatus by stay frames; the side frames are made in the top parts
with slides which are truly faced, and grooves are formed lower down in which
slide cross bars, which are made with connecting rods, and which are secured to
the underside of a moveable pressing box, and which presses against a fixed top
box, which is securely fitted between the side frames. At a suitable distanco
between the frames are cast cross supports, having bearers in which works the
driving shaft of the apparatus; on the shaft are formed or fitted two cams or
tappets which lift up the pressing box, and press the same onto the top box by
means of the cams or tappets coming in contact with the cross bars of the con-
necting rods; the driving shaft is fitted with a large spur wheel, which is actuated
by a pinion fitted on a short shaft which works in bearings secured on standards;
the shaft is fitted with a fast and loose pulley.
The fixed top box is made with chambers to receive the dye liquid or colouring
matter, and a chamber is formed on the top of the box to which are fitted pipes
connected to the different dye cisterns and for the passage of the washing off water;
the bottom or pressing box is also made with chambers, which are fitted with pipes
to discharge the colouring matter and washing off water which falls into separate
cisterns or receivers to be pumped back into the several dye cisterns and prevent
waste of the dye liquid; the dye liquid pipes are fitted with valves or taps to

page_text: regulate the admission of the colouring matter, and are actuated by gear so
arranged that they allow the necessary time for the dye to penetrate the materials
operated on; valves or taps are also fitted to the discharge pipes, and are also
actuated by gear which discharges the liquid and washing off water; the dye pipes
are fitted with branch pipes and union joints, to which are also fitted valves or
taps; the valve gear automatically opens the water valves or taps when closing or
shutting off the dye liquid, and water flows down the pipes, washing off the dyed
sections.
The blocks are lined with wood, copper, brass, lead, or any other suitable
materials; these linings are made with sectional pieces; the top pieces have pro-
jections which fit tightly into recesses made in the bottom linings, and these
recesses form chambers for the admission of air giving a clear run to the colouring
materials; these give sections to the materials in operation, requiring no dye; the
other parts of the linings on which the materials rest to be dyed fit tightly and
truly; they are opposite the dye chambers in the top box and have openings made
through the lining for the passage of the colouring materials, and the bottom lining
is also made with openings for the discharge of the dye materials and washing off
water, to prevent any waste of dye material; the lining of the bottom box is fitted
with india-rubber packing, on which presses the top lining when the pressing box
is in operation. The width of the pieces giving the sections are regulated according
to requirements, and the linings are the only parts requiring altering to suit the
different size of sections.
The materials to be dyed in sections are placed across the linings, the dye liquid
acting only on the part exposed to the liquid; the parts pressed in the air chambers
retaining their original colour. Fluted rollers are fitted at the back and in front
of the apparatus for feeding and delivering the materials operated on; these rollers
are actuated by gear, and so regulated that directly the dyeing and washing off is
finished, the rollers carry forward exactly the length required to be operated on.
The dyed materials pass on to a bottom dyeing machine and over a top drying
machine, and are received in suitable receivers in a dyed and dry state.
The drying machines are actuated by a pinion which is worked by the pinion
actuating the spur wheel of the cam or tappet shaft. The pinion for working the
drying cylinders is fitted on a stud fixed to a rocking lever, which is actuated by
a tappet fitted on the shaft of the cams or tappets, giving motion to a spur wheel'
fitted on one of the drying cylinders, and which spur wheel works an intermediate
wheel which gears into a wheel fitted on the shaft of the bottom delivery fluted
roller.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Edward Charles Davies in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 24th
March 1880.
EDWARD CHARLES DAVIES, of Bradford, in the County of York, Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DYEING IN SECTIONS FIBROUS MATERIALS,
YARNS, OR STRIPED GOODS."
The said Invention relates to dyeing in sections fibrous substances and yarns
and cotton, in order to produce mixed coloured threads or mixed coloured striped
goods.
For this purpose I construct two side frames which are secured to the required
width of the apparatus by stay frames; the side frames are made in the top part
with slides which are truly faced, and grooves are formed lower down in which
slide cross bars which are made with connecting rods, and which are secured to the
under side of a moveable pressing box, which presses against a fixed top box
securely fitted between the side frames. At a suitable distance between the frames
are cast cross supports, having bearers in which works the cam or tappet shaft of
the apparatus. On the shaft are formed or fitted two cams or tappets, which lift
up the pressing box and press the same onto the top box by means of the cams or
tappets coming in contact with the cross bars of the connecting rods.
The cam or
tappet shaft is fitted with a large spur wheel which is actuated by a pinion fitted
on the driving shaft, which works in bearings secured on standards; the shaft is
fitted with a fast and loose pulley.
The fixed top box is made with chambers to receive the dye liquid or colouring
matter, and chambers are formed on the top of the box, to which are fitted pipes
which are connected to the different dye cisterns for the passage of the washing off
water; the bottom or pressing box is also made with chambers fitted with pipes
to discharge the colouring matter and washing off water, which fall into separate
cisterns or receivers to be pumped back into the several dye cisterns and prevent
waste of the dye liquid. The dye liquid pipes are fitted with valves or taps to
regulate the admission of the colouring matter, and are actuated by gear so arranged
as to allow the necessary time for the dye to penetrate the materials operated on.
Valves or taps are also fitted to the discharge pipes and are also actuated by gear
which discharges the liquid and washing off water; the dye pipes are fitted with
branch pipes and union joints, to which are also fitted valves or taps. The valve
gear automatically opens the water valves or taps when closing or shutting off, the
dye liquid and water flows down the pipes, washing off the dye sections.
The blocks are lined with wood, copper, brass, lead, or other suitable material,
but by preference with white metal; these linings are made with sectional pieces,
the top pieces having projections which fit tightly into recesses made in the bottom
linings, and openings are left between the linings when closed for the admission
of air for giving a clear run to the colouring materials; these give sections to the
materials in operation, requiring no dye; the other parts of the linings on which
the materials are nipped to be dyed fit tightly and truly; they are placed opposite
the dye chambers in the top box, and have openings made through the lining for
the passage of the colouring materials, and the bottom lining is also made with
openings for the discharge of the dye materials and washing off water; to prevent
any waste of dye materials the lining of the bottom box is fitted with india rubber
packing, on which presses the top lining when the pressing box is in position; the
width of the materials giving the sections are regulated according to requirements,
and the linings are the only parts requiring altering to suit the different size of
sections.
The materials to be dyed in sections are placed across the linings; the dye liquid
acting only on the parts exposed to the liquid, the parts pressed in the air

page_text: chamber retaining their original colour. Drag rollers are fitted at the back of the
apparatus for delivering the materials operated on; these rollers are actuated by
gear, and so regulated that when the dyeing and washing off is finished the rollers
carry forward exactly the length required to be operated on. The dyed materials
pass onto a bottom drying machine and over a top drying machine, and are
received in suitable receivers in a dyed and dry state. The drying machines are
actuated by a wheel which is worked by the pinion aetuating the spur wheel of
the cam or tappet shaft. The pinion for working the drying cylinders is fitted on
a stud fixed to a rocking lever, which is actuated by a tappet fitted on the shaft of
the cams, or tappets giving motion to a spur wheel fitted on one of the drying
cylinders, and which spur wheel works an intermediate wheel gearing into a wheel
fitted on the shaft of the bottom drag roller.
But in order to enable my improvements to be better understood I will proceed
to more particularly describe the same by reference to the accompanying Drawings,
in which Figure 1, Sheet 1, represents a side elevation of the apparatus for dyeing
in sections; Figure 2, Sheet 1, front elevation; and Figure 3, plan of the same;
Figure 4, Sheet 1, represents a sectional front elevation of the top box or block,
and of the bottom pressing block or box drawn to an enlarged scale; Figure 5,
side sectional elevation, and Figure 6 plan of the same; Figure 7, Sheet 1, repre-
sents a sectional elevation of a portion of the pressing blocks drawn full size ;
Figure 8, Sheet 2, represents a back elevation of the apparatus or machine;
Figure 9 represents a side elevation of the taps and gear for turning off and on
the dye liquids and for admitting atmospheric air or steam drawn to an enlarged
scale; Figure 10 is a plan of the same; Figure 11 represents a side elevation of
taps and gear for turning off and on the washing off water drawn half size, and
Figure 12 is a front view of the same. Similar letters of reference are used in all
the Figures to represent similar parts.
A, side frames, which are set to the required width by stays B and bolts and
nuts; these frames are made with slides C, in which works the pressing box or
block D, which is firmly secured on a rod F; the bottom end of this rod is made
with a cross head G, which works in sliding grooves E formed in the frame or
frames A; the pressing block is secured at each end on the rod F, each side frame
being fitted in a similar manner with pressing gear, and the underside of each cross
head G is fitted with a steel or brass lining H, on which act cams or tappets I,
which give the lifting pressing motion to the block or box D and press the same on
a top box or block J firmly secured to the tops of the frames A; this top box is
regulated to its working position by means of set screws K, but strong springs may
be employed. To the frames A are secured (or cast on the frames) supports L
having bearers in which works the cam or tappet shaft M, and on this shaft are
forged or fitted the lifting pressing cams or tappets I, which at a stated and regu-
lated time lift up the pressing block or box D and lower the same when the fibres
or goods have received the dye materials and when the pressing operation is
finished; the shaft M is fitted with a spur wheel N, and is actuated by a pinion O
fitted on a shaft P, on which are fitted a fast and a loose pulley, or a fly wheel Q
forming the driving pulley.
The top box and the pressing box or block are made with chambers R for the
top box and chambers S, for the pressing box drawn to an enlarged scale, Figures
4, 5, 6, and 7, Sheet 1; the chambers R are connected to chambers T, in which
pass the dye liquids or colouring materials, and which pass through pipes U con-
nected to the different dye cisterns; the dye liquids passing through the openings V
to the fibres or materials W operated upon, and the portions of the materials across
the openings, marked 2, receive the dye liquids which may be all of one colour,
and each of the openings may have a different colour; the number of colours
depends on the number of colours required for the sections, and blocks are made
and fitted to the apparatus when required, and the number of dye pipes depends on
the number of cisterns containing dye materials employed.
The chambers S are connected to chambers X, to which are fitted pipes Y to

page_text: .
discharge the colouring matter and washing off; the dye liquids fall into separate
cisterns or receivers to be pumped back again into the several dye cisterns, thus
preventing waste of dyeing materials. The blocks or boxes D and J are lined with
white metal linings, and by preference the top block J is made entirely of white
metal, but the linings may be made of wood, copper, brass, lead, or other suitable
material;
the pressing block linings are made with recesses in which fit tightly
projections Z, and a space A' is left between the linings for the admission of
atmospheric air to give a clear run to the colouring materials. The materials to
be dyed pass over a shoot B¹ and across the linings, and remain in a fixed position
until the dyeing of the sections across the openings 2 is done; the parts pressed
between the nippers C' retain their original colour, and when the dying washing
off is finished a cam or tappet D¹ fitted on the shaft M comes in contact with a
rocking lever E', having a bracket F¹ in which is fitted a pinion G', the cam or
tappet D' brings the pinion in gear with a spur wheel H', and the pinion G¹ is
actuated by the pinion O. The spur wheel H¹ is fitted on a shaft which works in
suitable bearings fixed onto a frame 1'; the spur wheel H₁ actuates an intermediate
wheel J, which gives motion to a wheel K¹, which actuates a spur wheel L' fitted
on the trunnion of the bottom drying cylinder M¹, and the spur wheel actuates
another spur wheel N¹ fitted on the top drying cylinder O¹, which spur wheel
gives motion to a small wheel P¹ fitted on the shaft Q₁ of the bottom drag roller R¹.
The drag rollers R' and S¹ carry forward the materials dyed exactly the required
length dyed in sections, and bring also the exact length on the bottom lining to be
dyed. I also employ a nipping gear to help the drag motion to bring forward the
materials after having been dyed; the parts dyed pass on over a drying cylinder T',
which works in bearings fitted on cross rails or frames U₁; the cylinder is not
driven but works round by the drag and nip of the materials, and the materials
travel on in turn from the cylinder T under the drying cylinder M', and over the
drying cylinder O', then through the drag rollers R' and S', and are received in
suitable receivers in a dyed and dry state.
The drying cylinders M¹ and O' are heated by steam which passes through steam
pipes into the hollow frames V, and escapes through the hollow frame W' after
passing through the cylinders, and is discharged through pipes X'; the drying
cylinder T is also fitted with steam and escape piping. A safety valve Y¹ is fitted
on the top of the frame V₁; the drag rollers work in bearings fitted in frames Z',
which are secured to the frames V₁ and W'.
The pipes bringing the dye liquids to the blocks are fitted with taps A³ to
automatically turn the liquids on and off; the taps are fitted with short levers B²,
which turn the taps, and they are actuated by connecting levers C³ fitted to a
lever D³, which is secured onto a rocking shaft E; this shaft is worked by a
lever Fs, which receives motion from a pin G³, fitted in a tappet plate H³, secured
on the shaft M; the pin G³ in revolving comes in contact with a slide bar I, which
raises the bar and lifts up the lever F, and actuates the rocking shaft E³, opening
the taps and at the same time closes the air or steam taps J, which are actuated
by a lever K, fitted to the lever D³, fitted on the rocking shaft E³; but another
rocking shaft can be employed if required.
For washing off purposes I employ three way taps or cocks L³, which are fitted
to a waste chamber M³ fitted to the discharge pipes of the pressing block; the taps
are worked by gear which is actuated by the tappet plate H³, and so arranged that
when the dyeing operation is finished the tappet gear opens the three way taps,
and also opens the air or steam taps J'; the water passes through these taps down
the pipes fitted on the top block, through the dyed materials, and down the escape
pipes of the pressing block, and through the waste chamber, and is discharged
through the pipe N2; but the dye liquid or liquids before the water is turned on
passes through the same pipes, and the three way taps having been turned a
contrary way to the water the liquids pass through the discharge pipes O³ and pass
on to the different cisterns to be pumped back again into the dye cisterns.
P³, india rubber linings to prevent the escape at the sides of the dye liquids.

page_text: By these means I produce dyed fibrous materials in section, producing mixed
coloured threads, yarns, or dyed striped goods very even and without veins.
Having thus described my improvements, and the best means I am acquainted
with for carrying the same into effect, I would have it understood that I do not
confine myself to the precise details shewn and described, as they may be varied
without departing from the peculiar character of the Invention, but what I do
claim is,
Firstly. The general arrangement, construction, and employment of apparatus
for dyeing in sections fibrous materials or striped goods, substantially as and for
the purpose herein before described and represented in the accompanying Drawings.
Secondly. The method or means of pressing the materials by fixed and moveable
blocks, having shoulders working in recesses for tightly compressing the materials
in the parts receiving no dye liquids; also the employment of air and steam taps
to give a clear run to the dye liquids, and the method or means of washing off,
substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore described and represented in the
accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Charles Davies, have hereto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty second day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty.
Witness,
WALTER JAS. TURNER, C.E.,
Patent Agent,
Bradford.
EDWARD CHARLES DAVIES. (L.S.)