Improvements in Cravat Fastenings.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 7th June, 1894-Accepted, 7th July, 1894
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Cravat Fastenings.
ERNEST SCHANNEN, Architect, of 8* Therepesi útcza Budapest, Hungary, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
The object of this invention is to provide simple and reliable means for securely
attaching neck-ties, cravats, and the like to shirt-collar studs; and it consists in a
fastening device which, when secured to the stud, specially constructed for the
purpose, prevents the neck-tie from shifting or becoming loose, or from being
detached otherwise than by voluntary external action.
The accompanying drawings (Figures 1-14) illustrate, by way of example, two
forms of the improved arrangement, which are deemed best calculated to accomplish.
the object stated.
It will be seen that the fastening arrangement in all cases consists of two main
parts, riz.
(1) The fastener proper, and
(2) The shirt-collar stud, the shape and dimensions of which are such as to
accommodate the fastener, and thus form a necessary adjunct thereto.
In the example shown in Fig. 1 to 11 the fastener proper consists of a case or
barrel B with its top or closing plate A and flange C.
The top plate A has formed upon it an elongated slot in the direction of its
diameter. The slot extends to the wall of the case or barrel B on either side;
and, according to the shape of the head and stem of the stud, may be of oval or
other similar shape, or of uniform width throughout, or indeed of any other form
or configuration that may be convenient.
The barrel is of circular section, and closed all around.
The flange is provided with perforations, pins, or lugs capable of being turned
down, to facilitate its attachment to the tie or cravat; which attachment is effected
in such a manner that, when the cravat is in its normal position, the slot of the
fastener is at right angles to the button-hole which receives the stud.
The collar stud forming, as stated, a necessary part of the fastening combination,
and represented in Figs. 8 to 11 of the drawings, consists of the usual bottom
plate or flange D, turned towards the neck of the wearer when the stud is in
position; the stem or neck E, and a cross-piece or head F, of anvil or other
shape, extending in the same plane as the stem but at right angles thereto, and
corresponding in length to the slot in the barrel of the fastener, or in other words
to the diameter of the barrel itself. It is this peculiar feature in the construction
of the bead of the stud which enables the purpose of the invention to be fully
attained, and which is therefore of paramount importance. As to the neck or stem
of the stud, it may be of flat or any other suitable shape.
To fasten a neck-tie or cravat, fitted with the improved device, to the stud of
corresponding shape, fixed in position in the collar, the slot of the fastening device
is passed over the stud head projecting from the collar, for which purpose the
cravat is first turned at right angles to its normal position and pressed in the
direction of the axis of the fastener. When this is done, the connection is
completed in the most simple and reliable manner, by merely turning the cravat
back to its proper position, so that the fastener-slot is at right angles to the
crosshead of the stud.
The obvious consequence of thus turning the cravat is, that the head of the stud,
acting as a bolt or latch within the barrel of the fastener, not only prevents the

page_text: latter from being withdrawn from the collar stud by a movement along its axis-
unless the cravat is again turned,-but counteracts also any tendency of the said
fastener to shift, and to move the necktie out of position, owing to the length of
the transverse head of the stud being equal to the inner diameter of the barrel.
The diameter of a circle being larger than any chord thereof, it follows that the
circular barrel can receive and accommodate the head the stand only in its
centre, or along its diameter, where the said head is therefore invariably retained,
and whence it can only be removed after the barrel has been turned about its axis.
To unfasten the cravat, when required, it need only, therefore, by a single
turn be brought into the position in which the slot, being again in a line with the
head of the stud, may, by passing over it, sever the connection.
In the drawings,
:
centre, or along its diameter, where the said head is therefore invariably retained,
and whence it can only be removed, after the barrel has been turned about its axis.
To unfasten the cravat, when required, it need only, therefore, by a single
turn-be brought into the position in which the slot, being again in a line with the
head of the stud, may, by passing over it, sever the connection.
.
In the drawings,
Fig.
Fig.
:
is a front-elevation of the fastener attached to a neck-tie or cravat;
is a side elevation,
Fig. 3 an elevation viewed from the top of the cravat, and
Fig. 4 a vertical section thereof.
Fig. 5 is a cross-section of the combined fastener and collar-stud.
Fig. 6 is a similar cross-section of the fastener and stud, showing the former
previous to its attachment to the cravat.
Fig. 7 is a rear elevation of the fastener, with the collar-stud head passed
through its slot and turned at right angles thereto.
Figs. 8 to 11 represent the collar-stud adapted for use in combination with the
improved fastener, being two elevations and two horizontal sections thereof,
respectively at right angles to each other.
If preferred, the fastener may be so constructed as to admit of its attachment to
the neck-tie after the manner of a cravat-pin or brooch.
Figs. 12 to 14 exemplify a neck-tie fastener constructed in the form of a cravȧť-
pin which will be found. particularly suitable for cravats unprovided with any card
or other stiff support. To secure this form of fastener to the cravat or tie, its
pin G is simply inserted into the material, and then the eye H fastened either by
means of an ordinary pin, or by stitching.
It will, however, be understood that, instead of a pin and eye, various other
means for attaching the fastener to the cravat are applicable; and where a pin,
such as G, is used it may, if required, be movably or detachably connected with
the fastener; all which modifications involve no departure from the principle of the
invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :
1. An improved neck-tie or cravat fastener comprising the following parts, either
in combination or severally, viz. :—
a. A fastener proper, the main feature of which is a closed case or barrel in
the top or closing plate of which is provided an elongated slot of oval,
lenticular or other suitable shape, corresponding in direction and length to
the diameter of the barrel; the said barrel being moreover, fitted with
perforations, pins, or points or lugs capable of being turned down, with a
view to the attachment of the fastener to the neck-tie or cravat, and
b. A shirt-collar stud, adapted to co-operate with the fastener aforesaid in the
. attainment of its object, by its head projecting transversely from its neck or
stem, in the shape of an anvil or some other similar shape, and equal in
length to the inner diameter of the barrel; the required connection between
the said stud and fastener being effected by the slot of the fastener-barrel
being, in the direction of the axis of the said barrel, passed over the
transverse head of the stud, and then turned at right angles thereto;
substantially as described and illustrated in Figs. 1 to 12 of the accompanying
drawings.

page_text: 2. The construction of an improved neck-tie fastener, consisting of a closed case
or barrel in the top or closing plate of which is provided an elongated slot of oval,
lenticular or other suitable shape corresponding in length to the diameter of the
barrel, the said barrel being, moreover, in the form of a cravat pin or brooch,
5 substantially as described and illustrated in Figures 12 to 14 of the accompanying
drawings.
Dated this 7th day of June 1894.
MARKS & CLERK,
18, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents.