Improvements in Typewriting Machines.
Year: 1896

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Typewriting Machines.
I, JAMES DENNY DAUGHERTY, of Kittanning, in the County of Armstrong
and State of Pennsylvania, Inventor, do hereby declare the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention relates to improvements in type writing machines, and it consists
in certain novel features of construction whereby improved results and simplicity
of construction are obtained, all of which will be fully described hereinafter and
particularly pointed out in the claims.
One object of my present invention is to so construct the carriage that the
necessary play and freedom are allowed to secure easy and rapid movement thereof,
without having said freedom play or shake, affect the alignment in writing, which
is a common and serious fault in most of the type writing machines now on the
market, in which the shaking and jumping movement of the carriage produces
sidewise or torsional shake which causes quite a variation in the alignment of said
machine.
Another object of my present invention is to so construct the carriage that the
printing point is practically directly over the supporting rail thereof so that any
backward or forward movement of the carriage owing to the necessary play to
permit easy and rapid end wise movement so essential to rapid writing, will not
perceptibly raise or lower the printing point owing to the fact that said point is
in a vertical radii of an arc of a circle the centre of which is the said supporting
rail.
Another object of this invention is to place the pulling power and the point of
resistance (the feed rack) practically midway between the supporting rails of the
carriage, which is in parallel line drawn practically through the centre of the
carriage, whereby the torsional shake and tremble of the carriage is avoided which
is so common in the machines now on the market which have the pulling power at
one side of the carriage, thus producing a jumping of the carriage causing a
tremble and torsional shake thereof which very materially injures the alignment
of the writing.
Another object of this invention is to decrease the pressure required upon the
key levers to raise the type bars thus making a lighter touch by the use of a lever
of the third class, that is to say by having the inner ends of the key levers engage
the type bars between their pivoted points and the ends of them to be raised, and
then to increase or accelerate the movement of the type bars by the use of a lever
of the first class, instead of using lever of the first class solely as in the machine
described in the Specification of my former Letters Patent No. 13187.
Another object of my invention is to prevent type bars flying ahead of the key
levers when being carried to the printing point and yet allow a rebound of the bars
independent of the key levers to prevent them from interfering in rapid writing,
and also to so construct the key levers and type bars that all rebounding of the
type bars when they reach their normal position after printing is prevented for the
purpose of avoiding interfering of the type bars.
A further object of my present invention relates to the specific construction of
certain portions of the machine which will be fully pointed out hereafter.
In the accompanying drawings:-
Figure 1, is a central longitudinal vertical sectional view of a type writing
machine which embodies my invention

page_text: Figure 2, is a detail view of the upper end of the carriage showing the lever
and pawls for rotating and holding the platen.
Figure 3, is a detached perspective view of the carriage with the platen and its
operating lever detached.
Figure 4, is an enlarged perspective view of the feed dogs.
Figure 5, is a plain view of the same.
Figure 6, is a detail view of a modification of the feed dog.
Figure 7, is a plain view of Figure 6.
Figure 8, a modified form of feed dogs.
Figure 9, is a plain view of a split spring for folding the feed dogs shown in
Figure 4, upwards.
Figure 10, is an enlarged view of the engaging ends of the type bars and key
levers, the same being shown in their normal position in solid lines, and in the
printing position in dotted lines.
Figure 11, is an enlarged view of the division plates and their supporting bars.
Figure 12, is a detached perspective view of the inner ends of the shifting
frame.
Figure 13, is a longitudinal section of Figure 4.
Figure 14, is a perspective view of the base of the machine, showing the
arrangement of the universal frame and the shift bars.
Figure 15, is a vertical section of a flexible button.
Figure 16, is a plan view of the same.
Figure 17, is a perspective view of the lower end of one of the type bars showing
the flange at the pivotal point thereof.
Figure 18, is a perspective view showing a modified form of supporting wheel
for the upper end of the carriage.
Figure 19, is a sectional view thereof, showing in connection therewith the bar
against which the wheel rests.
Figure 20, is a view of a modified form of depending pins at each side of the
wheel H.
Figure 21, is a detached view of the key lever and type bars.
A represents the base of the machine from the sides of which near the centre
thereof extend upward the ears B to which the inner ends of the shifting frame
are pivoted. The opposite ends of this shifting frame C are united by means of a
curved cross bar D which is provided with rearwardly extending cars E having
longitudinal recesses or grooves F to receive the said end of the shifting frame,
which are held therein by means of screws which pass through the said frame into
the ears or lugs E. Extending across the shifting frame and having their ends
connected with the side bars C thereof, are the curved key lever pivotal bars G.
The division plates H have their outer ends enlarged and provided with a recess
forming upper and lower projections I which extend into slits or recesses J, made
in the upper and lower edges of the end piece D of the shifting frame. These
division plates then extend inward and upward at a slight angle and then downward
as shown at K, and have the bars G pass through the lower ends of the portions K.
A har L is provided with slits or recesses M which receive the portions K of the
said division plates, and at the ends of this bar are the depending lugs N through
which one of the pivotal bars C passes.
By the use of the end piece D with the recesses J, and the piece L having
recesses M, which extend at the proper angle for the division plate, the said
are held rigidly and firmly in position, with the parts K and the enlarged portion H
plates
accurately in line, thus preventing any binding of the said division plates upon the
type bars which rest and move between them. Instead of placing washers between
the pivoted ends of the type bars, as in the machine described in my hereinbefore
mentioned former specification, I provide the type bars with narrow laterally
extending flanges or collars N, which hold the type bars in position between the
said division plates. Projecting rearward from the end piece D of the shifting
frame is a lug or lugs P which extend through slots Q made in a plate R which
2.

page_text: extends upward from the base A. The object of the lugs and slots is to limit the
upward and downward movement of the shifting frame to bring the type to the
printing point when in an upward or downward position.
Extending transverse the base A is the shaft S to which an arm T is rigidly
secured, the opposite end of said arm being provided with a friction wheel U which
engages a shoe V that is attached to the end piece V of the shifting frame. At
each side of the machine within the base A are the shift or upper case bars a,
which have their inner ends rigidly connected to the transverse shaft S, so that
when either of these shift bars a, are depressed the outer end of the arm U is
raised carrying with it the shifting frame, as will be clearly understood.
The universal frame consists of substantially a horizontal portion b, which
extends towards the key board and a vertical portion c, which is at the rear end
of the base A, thus making an L-shaped universal frame. The parts b and c, are
not connected directly to each other, nor are they formed of a single piece but
preferably have their outer and lower ends respectively rigidly attached to a
transverse shaft d, journalled upon the rear end of the base A. The feed dogs
which will be fully described further on, aré attached to the upper end of the
vertical part c, of the universal frame, so that when the free end of the part d, of
the universal frame is depressed the upper end of the vertical part e, is moved
inward, and a spring, holds the vertical part e, of the universal frame normally
outward, and the part b, normally upward. This spring f, is made of a piece of
flat material and has its lower end passed through a slot g, while its upper end is
made L-shaped and engages the inner face of the upper portion of the vertical
part e, of the universal frame. The part e, of said universal frame is preferably
c,
U-shaped to extend around the spring drum h, as shown. A screw i, passes
through a projection j, and engages the lower extremity spring f, below the slot g.
From this it will be clearly understood that by means of the serew i, the tension
of the spring f, is quickly and conveniently regulated, and thereby the touch of
the key levers regulated to suit the operator, as the key levers all rest upon or
engage cross pieces m, which connect the outer ends of the horizontal parts b, of
the universal frame. Owing to the fact that the spring, engages the upper ends
of the vertical portion c, of the universal frame, it requires but a slight tension
thereof to hold the frame in its normal position, and owing to the length of the
spring f, a very soft and yet a positive movement of the key levers is obtained.
The ribbon feed the spools and the reverse of the ribbon feed mechanism forms
no part of my present invention, and therefore will not be described,
The ribbon tilting frame n, is pivoted upon a rod p, and provided with depending
projections y. The means here shown for tilting this ribbon frame consists of an
arm r, which has its lower end rigily connected to the horizontal portion b, of the
universal frame, and extends upward with its upper end curved inward and
provided with a vertical projections, which extends between the depending lids or
projections p, of the tilting frame. From this it will be understood that when the
universal frame is depressed by a key lever the frame has its upper end moved
inward in front of the printing point, carrying with it the ribbon, and when the
key lever is released and the universal frame rises, the tilting frame drops to expose
the impression made.
A spacing frame t, has its inner end loosely journalled upon the shaft S, and the
spacing bar u, supported at its outer end a suitable distance above the base A,
which is held upward by means of a spring e, the upward movement of the outer
end of said frame being limited by means of an inwardly extending projection.
Extending downward from the universal frame is an L-shaped piece y, which
extends under the spacing frame t. This allows the universal frame to be
depressed by the key lever without affecting the spacing frame, and the spacing
frame to be depressed carrying with it the universal frame without affecting in any
manner the key lever. As shown in Figure 14, the shift levers a, have a broad
shifting space at each side of the key board, while the spacing bar, u, extends
across in front of the key board between the said shifting arm or upper case bars. :

page_text: One of the special features of my present invention is the particular construction
of the operating joint between the type bar and key levers, whereby the touch of
the machine is made soft and pleasant. Attention is directed to Figure 10, of my
present application which shows the type bar and key lever constructed to engage
each other at a point between the pivotal point of the said bar and the weight to
be raised or lifted which is the bar itself, thus producing what is known as a lever
of the third class. By means of this construction I gain considerable leverage at
the start in the raising of said bar, which enables the said hars to be lifted with
much less pressure than where it was raised by a projection at the opposite side of
the pivotal point. By reference to Figure 10 it will be seen that the upper
portion B', if the key bar is made substantially straight while the adjacent
edge of the type bar is curved or cut away so that the type bar and key lever
engage each other at the point A', when the key lever is first touched, the object
of which is that when the bar is first started upward it is lifted at a point furthest
from the pivotal point thereof, and is raised the engaging point gradually changes
by moving towards the pivotal point, thus increasing the travel of said bar without
increasing the travel of the key lever as will be seen. Depending from said type
bars is a central projection C, which is engaged by the lower prong D' of the key
lever about when the part E¹ of the type bar leaves the upper part B of the key
levers, so that the type bar is given a continuous but yet an increasing movement
throughout its entire stroke. For the purpose of preventing the type bars
travelling ahead of the key levers which would be liable to cause a double
impression of the bar, and interference with other bars moving to the printing
point, I provide the type bars with an additional prong G which together with
the central prong C¹ forms a socket for the outer ends of the lower prongs D' of
the key levers. Thus it will be seen that if the type bar should have a tendency
to travel faster than the key lever the prong G1 will prevent it from doing so, by
engaging the under side of the prong D1 of the key lever, while at the same time
the type bars are allowed to rebound independent of the key levers after the
impression is made. In order to prevent the type bars rebounding when they
return to their normal position, the inner end of the upper prong of the key lever
is made to extend near or against the prong C, so that any tendency of the bars
to rebound is prevented by the engagement of the prong with the inner end of
the said upper prong of the key lever. Any tendency of the bar to rebound does
not tend to lift the key lever owing to the fact that it causes an end wise not a
raising tension or pressure upon the key lever. This is made more sure by having
the adjacent edges of the type bars and key levers with substantially straight
edges, though this is not absolutely necessary, it being only essential that the
prong C should not extend under the upper prong of the key lever, but about
against its end, so that it will not have any tendency to lift the inner end of the
key lever. It will be understood of course that if desired the upper edge of the
upper prong of the key levers may be cut away so that the key levers and type
bars will engage each other at first at a point fartherest from the pivotal point,
instead of cutting the lower edge of the type bar away for the same purpose.
Another special feature of this invention is to support the carriage in such a
manner that it is allowed sufficient play to secure easy and rapid movement thereof,
without having the play affect in any manner whatsoever the alignment of the
machine, and to have the pulling power for the carriage and the point of resistance
(the feed rack) practically in the centre of the carriage. It will be seen that a
line drawn vertically upward from the lower supporting bar E will intersect the
printing point upon the platen F, and a line drawn horizontally rearward will
practically intersect the upper supporting rail G which supports the carriage
against lateral movement.
Owing to the fact that the printing line of the platen is practically in a vertical
line above the supporting bar E' sufficient play and looseness of the supporting
wheel H', and the adjacent guiding lips may be allowed in the groove of the
rail G', thus allowing the carriage a slight lateral movement without affecting

page_text: perceptibly the alignment of the machine. It is a common fault with type writers
now in use, after they have been sufficiently used to cause wear upon its supporting
bars, to have a lateral trembling or shaking movement which materially affects the
alignment of the machine. Where the printing line is practically in a radii drawn
through the centre of the arc of a circle described by the platen when it moves
laterally as in my present invention, a slight oscillation of the platen directly over
the centre of the are of the circle, will not affect the alignment of the machine as
will be clearly understood. The object of the depending guiding lips i, is to have
them form the lateral support for the carriage by moving in the groove of the rear
supporting rail G', thus reducing friction to a minimum, and relieving the
supporting wheel H', from all lateral strain. From this it will be seen that the
wheel forms a rolling support for the carriage while the depending lips i, receive
the lateral pressure of the carriage and fits sufficiently close in the groove of the
supporting rail G', to prevent any serious lateral strain.
While I here show the depending lips i, as being formed as a part of the rod J¹
of the carriage, it will be understood that there may be pins passed through the
said rod J and made removable to have new and larger ones inserted to take up
wear, and if pins be used they may be oblong so that a slight turn of the pia
will cause it to take up any wear thereof or any wear of the groove in th
rod G¹.
This carriage consists of end pieces K which have their lower ends curve:
inward as shown, to bring them practically directly under the printing face of the
platen which is journalled in the upper end of the said pieces K'. A bar L'
connects the lower ends of these end pieces K', and this bar is provided at its
lower side with the yokes M', which partially encircle the lower supporting bar E',
while the weight of the carriage is supported by the wheels N', as clearly shown,
the yokes serving merely as a guide to prevent lateral movement of the carriage
at its lower end to prevent its being lifted when the paper is fed and to hold it
in place upon the said bar E'. Extending rearward from the upper ends of the
end pieces E are the arms P₁, and these arms are connected by the rod J',
heretofore described. A rod Q'extends longitudinal the carriage directly beneatli
the platen F and upon this rod are journalled the rearwardly extending arms R
which have connected to their outer ends the feed rack S', the ends of the feed
rack being cut away as shown, to rest upon rearwardly extending arms T¹, of the
carriage.
Also journalled upon this rod Q' at one end of the carriage is an L-shaped
quick release key U¹ which has one end extending upward to form an operating
handle and its opposite end extending rearward and entering loosely a transverse
opening V made in the feed rack S'. By drawing the upper end of the
L-shaped release key U towards the key board of the machine, its opposite end
is raised carrying with it the feed rack thus lifting it out of engagement with
the dog, the same being held downward by means of a spring W which has its
free end resting upon the rearwardly extending portion of the key U¹ as clearly
shown in Figure 3.
While I have described the carriage as being provided with a vertical wheel H¹
attached to the cross rods J at the upper rear end of the carriage, I prefer to
use the constructions shown in Figures 18 and 19, by reference to these figures
it will be seen that instead of a slotted har G', shown in Figure 1, I secure to the
supporting standards G, a vertical bar -G", against which a horizontal wheel H"
engages instead of the vertical wheel H¹ as shown in the said figure.
By means of this construction it will be seen that the wheel H" will be in
constant engagement with the said vertical bar or rod G which will prevent all
back or lateral motion whatever from the stroke of the type bar, as will be clearly
understood.
In this instance in order to prevent the carriage being lifted forward I provide
the U-shaped arms which extend upward, backward and then downward from
a bar J, as clearly shown in Figures 18 and 19, and the rear downwardly

page_text: extending portion of these arms I are provided with the inwardly extending
adjusting set screws 8, by means of which set screws the forward movement of said
carriage can be readily and accurately adjusted, as is clearly shown in said
figures. In this manner I am enabled to take up all lost motion which may occur
from wear or otherwise after considerable use of the machine, and the amount of
friction is reduced as will be readily understood, as compared with the vertical
wheel used in Figure 1, owing to the fact that there will be no lateral engagement of
the wheel against the said vertical bar G", the said wheel H" engaging it only at
its periphery and continuously.
Another feature of this invention is to enable the paper to be printed upon to
be released for adjustment upon the platen by drawing the upper ends of the paper
guide 2, forward, which is found very convenient and cheap arrangement. This
is accomplished by pivotting curved arms 3, up n the rod Q', the said curved
arms extending towards the printing point and supporting a roller 4, the
said roller being held normally in contact with the platen by means of a spring
or springs 5, which have their upper ends rigidly attached to the curved arms 3
and their lower ends resting loosely upon the lower longitudinal bar L' of the
carriage. The paper guide 2, has its inner and lower edge firmly connected
with the arms 3, so that when the upper edge of the said paper guide is moved
in the direction indicated by arrow the roller 4, is carried away from the
platen.
By this simple arrangement the operator can draw the paper guide towards
him by a movement of the finger while the paper is quickly and readily adjusted
by the thumbs, or the paper can be grasped with the first fingers and thumbs,
while the paper guide is drawn towards him with the other fingers.
The platen is rotated by means of an operating lever 6, which has one end
pivotally connected to the carriage between the ears 7, curved downward and
upward and then extending outward to form an operating handle. To limit the
upward movement of the said lever 6, a lock or stop pin 8, projects inward there-
from to engage the ratchet wheel 9, secured to one end of the platen F, and a
pin 10, projects outward from the said lever and rests upon the upper edge of a
forwardly extending projection 11, at one end of the carriage. This pin 10,
limits the downward movement of the said lever. When in the position shown in
Figure 2, a depending pawl 12, has its lower end held in engagement with the
ratchet wheel 9, of the platen, by its upper outwardly extending end 13, and an
upward pull of the lever 6, will rotate the platen a distance equal the two teeth
of the ratchet wheel 9, before the stop pin 8, engages the said ratchet wheel. If it
is desired to rotate the platen one tooth at a time for a single line spacing the
space regulator 14, pivoted in a slot 15, of the extension 11, is turned forward so
that the shoulder 16, thereof will support the lever 6, by engaging the pin 10.
The pawl 17, extends forward from the rear portion of the carriage and is held in
engagement with the ratchet wheel 9, of the platen by means of a spring 18, for
the purpose of preventing the platen rotating backward and for the purpose of
holding it in place while printing. It is desirable in a type writing machine to
disengage the pawls 13 and 17, from the ratchet wheel of the platen so that the
platen can freely be revolved in any direction. In order to accomplish this
conveniently pivot a lever 19, upon the pivotal point of the platen and
this lever has a rearwardly extending arm 20, provided with notches or
recesses 21, and with a straight surface 22, upon which rests a pin 23, extending
from the pawl 17. Extending upward from this lever 19, is a portion 24, by
means of which the lever is drawn forward as indicated by arrow, when it is
desired to move the pawls from the ratchet wheels to allow the platen to be freely
revolved backward or forward. The forward movement of this lever 19, raises
the pawl 17, by its pin 23, engaging therewith, and when the double spacing is
being used the lever is carried sufficiently forward to have the pin 23, rest in
the rearmost notch 21, thereof. When the lever reaches this point the portion 24,
engages the pawls 12, just inside its pivotal point 25, thus tilting the pawl as

page_text: shown in dotted lines and throwing it out of engagement with the said ratchet
wheel.
The lever 19, is shown in this position in dotted lines and the pawls 12 and 17,
are moved out of engagement with the ratchet wheel 9, thus allowing it to freely
revolve in any direction. If the lever 6, is adjusted by the spacer 14, for single
spacing the lever 19, will of course only be moved sufficiently forward to have the
pin 23, of the pawl 17, rest in the first notch 21, of said lever 19, which in this
instance will bring the portion 24, in engagement with the pawl 12, since the
lever 6, will be held in a raised position by the space regulator 14. The lever 19,
is thrown back to its normal position automatically by the lever 6, when it is raised
for rotating the platen and this is true whether the lever 6, be set for single or
double spacing.
Attached to the upper end of the rear vertical portion of the universal frame is
a block 27, which is slotted longitudinally to receive the dog or dogs. As shown
in Figures 1 and 6 but a single movable dog is used, while in Figures 4 and 13
I show two movable dogs, both of which will now be fully described.
I will first describe the construction and operation of a feed mechanism
consisting of the single movable dog. In Figures 1, 6 and 7, the movable dog is
indicated by Figure 28, and this dog as will be seen, is placed in a longitudinal
slot 29, and has one end provided with a longitudinal slot 30, through which the
pin 31, passes transversely, the said pin forming a pivotal point for the said dog
and a support.
A spring 32, has one end attached to the part c, of the universal frame, the free
end of the spring resting upon a depending portion 33, of the dog below its pivotal
pin 31. This spring therefore serves two functions one of which is to move the
dog endwise and the other to hold the opposite end of said dog up in engagement
with a transverse pin 34. A tooth 35, forming an immovable dog extends upwards
as shown, and co-acts with movable dog for producing a feed mechanism in
connection with the feed rack S¹, as will now be described. By reference to
Figure 1, it will be seen that the movable dog 28, is normally in engagement with
the feed rack when the universal frame is at rest, and the end wise movement of the
carriage carries the said movable dog end wise against the teusion of the spring 32,
until stopped by the pin 31, engaging the inner end of the slot 30. When in this
position the movable dog is directly in line with the rigid dog 35, and by a pressure
upon the universal frame when a key bar or space bar is depressed the upper end
of the part c, of the universal frame is moved inward carrying the movable dog
out of engagement with the feed rack and the rigid dog in engagement there-
with not allowing the carriage to move, when the type bar is carried upward for
an impression. As soon as the movable dog is released it is forced endwise by the
spring 32, into the position shown in Figure 6, and opposite the succeeding tooth
of the feed rack.
J
The upward movement of the universal frame carries the upper end of part c,
outward thus carrying the rigid dog 35, out of engagement with the feed rack, and
the movable dog again in engagement therewith, which is immediately moved
end wise by the carriage thus feeding the carriage one space, as will be understood.
When it is desired to move the carriage in the opposite direction the movable feed
dog being normally in engagement with the feed rack the dog is forced downward
against the pressure of the spring 32, thus allowing the carriage to be moved
freely in that direction.
From this description it will be seen that I have an end wise moving dog pivoted
at one end and depressible at its opposite end, the pivotal point being away from
the tooth of said dog. While I show the dog pivoted tooth left hand side of
Figure 6, it will be understood that the dog could be pivoted at its opposite end
and depressible at the end which is now shown pivoted, though I prefer it as
herein shown. For the purpose of preventing a clinking sound when the dog is
moved endwise by the spring 32 I place a piece of raw hide or rubber 37, in the

page_text: said slot 30, which engages the pin 31, and deadens the sound as will be under-
stood, the rubber or raw hide being capable of adjustment by means of a screw 38,
for regulating the endwise movement of the dog. If desired the raw hile or
rubber may be omitted and the screw itself come in contact with the pin 31, for
the purpose of adjusting the dog end wise.
So far I have described a feed mechanism which feeds the carriage the whole
space of a letter when a key lever or the spacing lever is released. I prefer
however to provide two movable dogs instead of one and one dog feeding the
carriage a half space when the key lever is depressed, and before the type bar
reaches the printing point and the other dog a half space when the key lever or
space bar is released, thus producing what I term a syncronious movement which
prevents the jerking caused by the carriage, when it moves a whole space at a
time; and to do away with any spring movement or action for throwing the dogs
endwise, substituting therefore the movement of the carriage itself which when in
engagement with one dog forces the other dog backward in position to receive the
next tooth of the feed rack, each dog moving half a space at a time, which will
now be fully described.
This double dog movement is illustrated in Figures 4 and 13, in which
39 represents a block capable of detachment from the universal frame by
passing the screws through the frame through the underside thereof into the said
block. This block is slotted longitudinally for the reception of two endwise
moving dogs which consists of bars 40, having the dog teeth 41, projecting
therefrom between their ends, the said bars having projections 42, at opposite ends
which engage respectively each other and the walls of the longitudinal groove, as
clearly shown in Figures 4 and 5, for the purpose of reducing friction of the dogs
in their movements. These dogs like the ones shown in Figures 2, 6 and 7, are
provided at one end with longitudinal transverse slots 43, through which the
pivotal pin 47, passes and the use of an adjusting screw and rubber or raw hide
may or may not be used, as shown in Figure 6, and as also shown in Figure 13, in
connection with the double dogs. The opposite ends of these bars 40, are reduced
in thickness and a pin 48, passes through the block 27, over their ends to limit their
upward movement. A spring 49, is placed in the groove of the block 27, and under
the said dogs, the same being divided into two springs, as clearly shown in Figure 9,
one part thereof engaging each dog respectively, for holding it up in
engagement with the teeth of the feed rack. Figure 4, as also Figures 13 and 3,
are enlarged views, showing an exaggerated end wise movement of the dogs. A
locking bar 50, is pivoted between its ends to an extension 51, of the block 27,
and which is normally in engagement with the adjacent .enlarged end of the
bars 40, of the dogs. From this it will be readily understood that when one dog
is moved to the left its enlarged end engages one end of the locking bar 50,
throwing the opposite end of the said bar in the opposite direction which moves
the other dog in a reverse direction from the one being operated upon.
The operation of these dogs for feeding the carriage a half space at a time, is as
follows Carrying in mind that the dogs move each a half space at a time the
carriage engaging one dog and the other dog opposite the succeeding tooth of the
feed rack, the latter movement of the universal frame carries the first dog out of
engagement with the feed rack and the second dog is brought in one engagement
with the succeeding tooth of the feed rack and the end wise movement of the
carriage moves the second dog a half space which as before described moves the
first dog in the reverse direction a half space bringing it opposite the tooth with
which the second dog is in engagement. Now a vibration of the universal frame
in the opposite direction brings the first dog in engagement with the tooth with
which the second dog is in engagement and the second out of engagement there-
with, one dog of course engaging the tooth before the other releases it. This now
reverses the operation and the first dog is moved end wise by the carriage which at
the same time throws the second back again, as previously described. In this way

page_text: the carriage is fed half a space when the universal frame is depressed and
before the type bars reaches the printing point, and a half space when the
universal frame is allowed to rise by the release of a key lever or of the
spacing bar.
This same movement is accomplished by a modified construction shown in
Figure 8, in which 60, is the vertical dog pivoted at 61 and 62, a vertical dog
pivoted at 63, which is below the pivotal point of the dog 60. The pivot of the
dog 60, limits the movement of the dog 62, against the pressure of the spring 64,
which spring is split similar to that shown in Figure 9, for the purpose of acting
independently upon the two dogs. At the lower end of the dog 60, is a flange or
projection 65, which abuts against the adjacent edge of the dog 62. The carriage
moving in the direction indicated by arrow the dog 62, is normally in engagement
with the feed rack and the upper end of the dog 60, in a line with the upper end of
the dog 62. A depression of the universal frame brings the upper end of the
dog 60, in engagement with the feed rack of the carriage and the carriage moves
the upper end of the dog 60, in the direction indicated by arrow a half space, the
movement of the dog being limited by a stop 66. This movement of the upper end
of the dog 60, throws the opposite end of said dog in the opposite direction and the
upper end of the dog 62, is moved in the reverse direction from which the carriage
is moving (a half space) by the flange or projection 65, at the lower end of the
dog 60. This brings the dog 62, in position to receive the succeeding tooth of the
feed rack when the universal frame is released, and the carriage then moves
the upper end of the dog 62, in the direction indicated by arrow, and the dog 60,
is carried in the reverse direction in a line with the dog 62, by reason of the
engagement of the said dog 62, with the projection 65, on the lower end of the
dog 60. This as will be understood, feeds the carriage a half space when
the universal frame is released and a half space when it is depressed as will be
clearly understood.
Instead of using a hard button for the key levers, which is heretofore common,
I use a rubber button 70, which is made sufficiently soft to prevent sudden jars from
the fingers when the key levers is struck. These buttons 70, are preferably cast or
molded with a depression 71, in its upper face corresponding contour to, the
character which it is designed to have the button represent and then this
depression is filled in with the rubber of about the same elasticity but of a
different color, so that as the button wears the letter will still remain. The outer
ends of the key levers are bifurcated, as shown in Figure 15, and the buttons are
preferably placed by heating the bifurcated end of the key lever and forcing the
button thereon, the heat from the lever melting the engaging portion of the button
so that when it cools the button is cemented thereto. If desired the button may
be provided with a split which will facilitate the placing of the end of the key lever
therein, the heat from the said lever melting the rubber sufficiently to close the slit
after cooling.
This button instead of being formed of rubber may be made of felt or other soft
material which will accomplish the same object.
I secure the type to the ends of the bars by forming a socket 75, circular in form
as clearly shown, and cast integral with the type at the back side thereof a circular
portion 76, which fits within the said socket 75, and the socket then clamped tightly
against the projection 76, by means of a suitable tool. This makes a very con-
venient and simple way of attaching the type to the bars. If desired the
projection 76 may have a groove in their outer edges aud the socket provided
with a rib which extends into the said groove, or vice versa, which will prevent type
from having any lateral movement within the socket.
To prevent noise by the rebound of the type bars against the plate L, which
holds the inner ends of the division plates, I provide a cushion 78, of rubber or felt,
as shown in Figure 1, and which also prevents wear upon the type bars by striking
the metal plate L, as they otherwise do.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a printing mechanism, two
carriage supporting bars, one in vertical line below the printing point of the platen,
and the other behind the platen and in a horizontal line with the printing point
thereof, and a propelling device connected with the carriage equi-distant from said
supporting bars for the purpose described.
2. In a type-writing machine, the combination of the printing mechanism, a
carriage carrying a platen, a supporting bar for the carriage below the platen and
practically in a line drawn vertically from the printing point of the platen, a second
supporting bar in rear of said carriage and practically in a horizontal line drawn
from the printing point of the platen, and a propelling device for the carriage
connected therewith practically midway between the supporting bars, and
practically equi-distant from the printing point and the said supporting bars.
3. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a printing mechanism, a
carriage carrying a platen, two parallel bars, one practically in a vertical line
drawn from the printing point, and the other practically in a horizontal line drawn
from the printing point, a propelling and a feeding device each connected to or
engaging the said carriage practically on a line drawn from one supporting bar to
the other.
4. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a carriage carrying a rotating
platen, a ratchet wheel secured to the platen at one end thereof, an operating lever
having one pivoted in rear of the journal of the platen and extending thereunder
to the front of the platen, a stop upon the lever above the upper end of the carriage
and resting thereon, and a line regulator horizontally pivoted to the end of the
carriage and having an L-shaped recess forming a shoulder adapted to be turned
under the said stop.
5. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a carriage carrying a rotating
platen, a ratchet wheel therefor, an operating lever carrying an operating pawl, a
retaining pawl, a device for holding the operating lever upward for single spacing,
and a device having a cam surface and two notches adapted to engage the
retaining pawl, the parts operating substantially as specified.
6. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a platen, a printing mechanism
including a universal frame, a tilting frame pivotally supported midway the
length of the said platen, and an arm extending upward from one side of said
universal frame and curved inward and engaging the said centrally supported
tilting frame.
7. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a platen, a printing
mechanism, a spring drum, a universal frame forming a part of said printing
mechanism, the said frame having substantially a horizontal portion extending
under the key levers, and a vertical arch extending over said spring drum.
8. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a platen, a printing mechanism,
a universal frame forming part of said printing mechanism and consisting of a
portion extending under the key levers and a vertical portion, a vertical spring
having its lower end suitably connected and its upper end engaging the upper end
of said vertical portion of the universal frame.
9. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a shifting frame carrying type
bars.and division plates, the latter having widened ends with projecting prongs,
and the end piece for said frame having recesses or slits in its upper and lower edges
to receive the prongs of said division plates.
10. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a shifting frame carrying type
bars and division plates with vertical outer ends, the said frame carrying an end
piece for holding the inner ends of said plates, and a piece having vertical
recesses in its inner side for receiving and holding the outer vertical ends of the
plates.

page_text: 11. An end piece for the shifting frame of a type-writing machine consisting of
a piece forming a portion of a vertical circle having rearwardly extending ears at.
its ends with longitudinal recesses in their outer faces, radiating slits or recesses in
its upper edges, and rearwardly extending lugs or projections between the
said ears.
12. In a type-writing machine a substantially horizontal pivoted outwardly
extending type bar, in combination with a substantially horizontal inwardly
extending intermediately pivoted key lever having its inner end engaging directly
the type bar at a point between its type and pivotal point, all combined to operate-
substantially as described.
13. In a type-writing machine, the combination of an outwardly extending
pivoted type-bar, and an inwardly extending key-lever beneath said bar, the said
bar and lever having approximately parallel engaging surfaces between the pivotal
point of the bar and its type, the said engaging surfaces being cut away for the
purpose described.
14. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a type-bar and key lever
having a longitudinal variable engaging surface between the pivotal point and
type of said bar.
15. In a type-writing machine, the combination of an inwardly extending key-
lever, and a type-bar extending over the key-lever in an opposite or approximately
opposite direction the type-bar having an engaging surface between its type anl
pivotal point which engages the inner end of the key lever, and a projection nearer
its pivotal point than said surface for the purpose described, and the key lever
having a projection engaging the type-bar projection.
16. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a type-bar and key lever, the
latter engaging the former near its pivotal point for operating it, and the type bar
and key lever having abutting surfaces exerting an end wise pressure upon the key
lever by the rebound of the bar for the purpose described.
17. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a type-bar and a key lever
for operating it, the said bar and lever having substantially straight abutting
surfaces when in their normal position to prevent rebound of the type-bar.
18. In a type writing machine, the combination of a type-bar and key lever, the
key lever having a socket, the type-bar having a projection entering said socket and
a second projection forming with the first a socket to receive the lower projection.
of the key lever socket to prevent the type-bar travelling ahead of the key lever..
19. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a printing mechanism, a platen,.
a shifting frame carrying the type-bars of the printing mechanism, a transverse-
shaft carrying an arm for lifting the said frame, a spacing frame pivoted upon.
said shaft and carrying a spacing bar at its outer end, and an arm at each end
of the shaft outside of the spacing frame, each arm carrying a shift plate at
its outer end at each end of the spacing bar, the inner ends of said shift bars.
being rigidly connected with said shaft.
20. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a carriage and its rack-bar,.
with two end wise moving dogs one pivoted at one end and the other depressible at
the opposite end.
21. The combination with a propelled carriage and its rack bar, of a dog carrier
moving transverse the said rack bar, and two longitudinally movable escape dogs
carried by said carrier, and adapted to alternately engage the rack by the transverse
movement of the carrier, and a rocking bar intermediately pivoted between said
dogs and having its opposite ends engaging them respectively, for the purpose-
described.
22. In a type-writing machine the combination of a block having in it a
longitudinal groove, a feed dog moving in said groove, the dog being pivoted at
one end and depressible at the other.
23. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a printing mechanism, two
parallel supporting bars, one above and in rear of the other, a carriage having
its lower portion resting upon the lower bar and supporting the weight of the

page_text: carriage and a wheel at the opposite or upper end of the carriage engaging the
upper bar to support the carriage laterally.
24. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a printing mechanism, parallel
Eupporting bars, one above and in rear of the other, a carriage carrying wheels at
its lower portion which rest upon the lower bar and support the carriage and a
wheel at the upper rear portion of the carriage engaging the upper bar, and
projections from the carriage also engaging said bar.
25. In a type-writing machine, the combination of a printing mechanism, parallel
supporting bars one above and in rear of the other, a carriage having its lower
portion resting upon the lower bar and supported thereby, and a centrally located
wheel at the upper rear portion of the carriage engaging the upper bar, and a
projection extending from the carriage at each side of said wheel which also engage
the said bar.
1
1000
For the Applicant.
W. LLOYD WISE,
46 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Chartered Patent Agent.
W. LLOYD WISE,
46 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Chartered Patent Agent.