Improvements in or Applicable to Hydraulic Machinery for Actuating Baling Presses and other Machinery.
Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 4th Dec., 1886
Complete Left, 3rd Oct., 1887
Complete Accepted, 18th Nov., 1887
Improvements in or Applicable to Hydraulic Machinery for
Actuating Baling Presses and other Machinery.
We JAMES LEEMING and JAMES LEEMING Junior of 97 Plymouth Grove,
Manchester, in the County of Lancaster Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said invention, to be as follows:-
In hydraulic machinery as now used for baling and other purposes such high
pressures are required that great strains are put upon the pumps, and the object of
our invention is to reduce and distribute such strains.
Our invention consists in combinations and arrangements of mechanism.
In common arrangements of hydraulic machinery the pumps force the water into
an accumulator, some of the pumps are or may be used for pumping at high pressure
direct to the ram cylinders of the presses or other mechanism to be actuated.
We arrange a cylinder (hereinafter termed the main cylinder) with a suitable
piston in it, and with a piston rod extending by preference through suitable hydraulic
packing glands at both ends of the main cylinder, the piston rod at each end passing
into and fitting a pump, barrel and acting therein as a ram.
Each pump barrel is provided with an inlet and delivery pipe and valves, and the
water passing to each rain pump may be drawn from a cistern open to the atmosphere,
and the water discharged by them passes to the presses or other mechanism to bo
actuated.
The piston in the main cylinder is reciprocated by the pressure of water from the
pumps worked by the motive power employed or from the water under pressure
pumped by them into the accumulator, and the valves for admitting such water to
and exhausting it from the main cylinder, are or may be constructed and actuated by
any ordinary or suitable arrangement of mechanism and the piston in the main
cylinder may impart, through its piston rod and a connecting rod attached thereto,
rotary motion to a crank shaft having cams upon it for actuating tappet valves for
admitting water under pressure to, and exhausting it from the main cylinder.
But we prefer and our invention also consists in making the Engine what is

page_text: commonly termed direct acting and to reciprocate without a regulating crank shaft
and in using cone lifting valves arranged and actuated as described below.
There is cross head attached to the piston rod of the main cylinder at one end
which has blocks at each end sliding in suitable guides and upon one end of the cross
head there is a bowl which at each end of the stroke of the piston will come against
an adjustable projection on a bar the ends of which are jointed with two arms or
levers one oscillating on a stud in suitable bearings and the other on a shaft in suitable
bearings, so that both arms oscillate together.
The shaft which thus receives oscillation from the reciprocations of the piston in
the main cylinder has two cams, upon it one reversed to the other each cam acts
upon the end of a spindle passing through a stuffing box, the upper end of each
spindle operates to lift and open a cone valve there being one for each end of the
main cylinder.
These cone valves open into a supply chamber common to both, which chamber is
in communication with the pumps worked by the Engine or Engines or with an
accumulator.
The oscillating shaft acts to alternately open and close the valves-The passage
from each valve communicates with a back pressure valve which will open to allow
fluid to pass but will close against its return.
There is a pipe from each back pressure valve and each pipe communicates with
a separate small ram cylinder which is or may be placed in an horizontal or other
position.
The small ram cylinders are opposite to each other but at a distance apart and one
ram extends to and is connected with the other, so that when one ram is pushed out
of its barrel the other ram is pushed into its barrel.
There is a toothed rack on the ram or rod between the two small ram cylinders
which gears with a toothed segment secured on a shaft in suitable bearings. This
shaft has also cams upon it to actuate lifting cone valves as hereinbefore described in
reference to the first named lifting valves and which have also a common supply
chamber in communication with the pipes from the Engine pumps or accumulator
and there is also a back pressure valve for each actuated valve, as hereinbefore
described, and it is from and through these inlet and back pressure valves that the
water passes by pipes to each end of the main cylinder.
There are two valves lifted by rams in small cylinders which valves are opened
to allow the water in the main cylinder to exhaust therefrom at the end of each
stroke.
source is
Pipes are arranged so that when the inlet valve is opened to admit the water
under pressure to one end of the main cylinder water from the same
also admitted at the same time to one of the small cylinders to lift and open the
exhaust valve for the other end of the main cylinder and vice versa.
A similar arrangement is used for exhausting the water from the small ram
cylinders, as when water is admitted by one of the valves actuated by the motion of
the piston rod of the main cylinder to one small ram it is also at the same time
admitted into a small cylinder that opens the exhaust valve for the other small ram
and vice versa when water is admitted by the other valve worked from the piston of
the ram cylinder.
In these exhaust valves the exhaust from one of the small cylinders passes to the
exhaust valve and outlet of the valve actuated by the other small cylinder.
It will be understood that each pipe to each end of the main cylinder acts alternately
both as an inlet and outlet or exhaust pipe.
The stems of the valves used are formed with spiral grooves or wings so that the
passing fluid will cause them to rotate more or less so as to constantly change the
position of the valves upon their seatings and thus to some extent grind and bed them
to their seatings.
Where our improvments are used combined with an accumulator we prefer to
arrange automatic apparatus so that at a given pressure of the water passing from the
Engine pumps to the presses or other mechanism to be actuated, the water will be

page_text: diverted from the presses or other mechanism, to the accumulator and at the same
time the hydraulic Engine will start to work to supply fluid under greater pressure to
the presses or other machinery to be actuated, and when the high pressure ceases to
be required the communication between the accumulator and hydraulic Engine will
close and it will cease to work until the pressure between the Engine Pumps and
Presses or other mechanism to be actuated rises again.
It will be understood that in ordinary working without our improvements that the
water from the Engine pumps passes to the presses or other mechanism to be
operated and there is a branch to the accumulator so that water not required by the
presses or other mechanism passes to the accumulator through a back pressure valve
but the water from the Engine pumps will not enter the accumulator until its pressure
equals that to which the accumulator is loaded.
Our invention further consists in an arrangement of two inlet and connected back
pressure valves similar to those first herein mentioned and the two inlet valves have a
common chamber supplied by a pipe from the Engine pumps.
One inlet valve allows water from the Engine pumps to pass to the accumulator,
and its back pressure valve is loaded by a lever and weight so that water does not
pass until it has attained a given pressure.
The other inlet valve allows water to pass to the presses or other mechanism, and
in communication with this pipe (which is also in communication with the pipe to
the presses or other mechanism) there is a small ram loaded by a lever and weight
and this lever is connected by a link with an arm on a shaft in suitable bearings
which shaft has three cams upon it.
When the small ram is not lifted the shaft is in one position corresponding thereto
and the cams upon it in that position act to close the inlet valve to the accumulator
and open that to the presses or other mechanism, but when the loaded ram lifts, the
shaft is oscillated and the inlet valves are reversed by the cams and the water from
the Engine pumps is then diverted from the presses or other mechanism to the accu-
mulator, and at the same time one of the cams on the shaft acts to open a valve
allowing water' to pass from the accumulator to the hydraulic Engine and thus
start it to work to pump fluid into the pipes leading to the presses or other
mechanism.
When the pressure in the small loaded ram sinks, the three valves are all reversed
again to their first described position, and the water will then cease to pass from the
accumulator to the hydraulic Engine (which then stops working) and from the
Engine pumps to the accumulator except when not required by the presses or other
mechanism to be actuated.
When the lever acted upon by the small load ram lifts above a certain position it
acts upon a rod connected with an arm on a shaft in suitable bearings, which shaft
has an arm connected with the lever weighting the back pressure valve allowing
water from the Engine pumps to pass freely to the accumulator.
Dated this day of Dagambar 1986
PETER J. LIVSEY,
Agent.

page_text: Improvements in or Applicable to Hydraulic Machinery for
Actuating Baling Presses and other Machinery.
We JAMES LEEMING and JAMES LEEMING Junior of 97 Plymouth Grove Manchester
in the County of Lancaster, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
In hydraulic machinery as now used for baling and other purposes such high
pressures are required, that great strains are put upon the pumps, and the object of
our invention is to reduce and distribute such strains.
Our invention consists in combinations and arrangements of mechanism hereinafter
described.
Fig. 1 is a plan view of the apparatus, parts being shown in section.
Fig. 1 is an elevation of the back pressure valves hereinafter referred to.
Fig. 2 is an elevation partly in section and on an enlarged scale taken in or about
the line A-A fig. 1.
Fig. 2 is a flat view of a ring or washer hereinafter referred to.
Fig. 3 is an elevation of three pairs of valves and small rams for actuating same,
shown in fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is an elevation of the middle pair of valves and small rams shown in fig. 3
but taken at a right angle to the plane in which they are shown in fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is an elevation partly in section of the two pairs of valves and small rams
(both pairs being alike) one pair of which is on one side and the other pair on the
other side of the middle pair of valves and small rams shown by figs. 1 and 3, fig. 5
being taken in a plane at a right angle to that in which they are shown in fig. 3.
Fig. 6 is an enlarged sectional elevation showing more clearly the construction and
arrangement of each of the rams and small valves shown by fig. 3.
Fig. 7 is an elevation partly in section and on an enlarged scale, of the automatic
stopping and starting mechanism shown in fig. 1.
Fig. 8 is a plan section of some of the mechanism shown by fig. 7 and,
Fig. 9 is a side view on an enlarged scale of a valve detached.
In the modification shown by fig. 1 there is a base or bed plate a of any suitable
form upon which three cylinders c, d and d¹ (forming the hydraulic Engine) are
mounted and secured with their axes, all in the same line.
The piston and ram rod c¹ is continuous, and is or may be formed in two lengths
coupled at the cross head c².
The middle cylinder c is the largest in internal diameter and the rod c¹ has a piston
attached to it to fit the cylinder and each end of the cylinder c has a cover secured to
it and has a gland stuffing box or hydraulic packing for the piston or ram rod e² to
work through.

page_text: The piston rod is continued into each end cylinder d and d¹ and forms the ram for
those cylinders passing through ordinary and suitable hydraulic packing glands at one
end of each cylinder d and d¹.
The area of the piston of the cylinder c and of the rams c¹ for the cylinders d and di
are in such proportions as may be dertimed upon say the area of the piston in the
cylinder c is six times the area of each ram c' and the piston and ram cylinders are
made of sufficient strength to resist the pressure to which they are to be subjected.
The stroke of the piston in the cylinder c is the full length of the interior of the
cylinder less the thickness of the piston and the usual space allowed in direct acting
pumps, at each end.
The ram or piston rods c¹ are connected between the cylinders c and d to a cross
head c² which slides on suitable guides e³ attached to the base plate or bed a and the
projecting end of the cross head on one side has a bowl ct upon it (see fig. 2) which
plays between two stops which can each be adjusted as required in a slot in a bar
and then secured thereto.
One end of this bar c is jointed to the end of an arm e' on a rocking shafte having
its bearings in suitable pedestals carried on the base plate a, the other end of the
bar c is jointed in like manner to an arm on a shaft in pedestals carried in like
manner (see fig. 2) which shaft is thus rocked to and fro by the bowl on the cross
head coming against one or the other of the stops c when the piston in the cylinder c
is coming to near the end of each stroke.
Secured to the base plate a and over the shaft 8 is a stand a¹ (see fig. 2) which
carries a valve chest containing two valves e and e¹--This stand a¹ has also two guides
formed in it each guide for a slide e² to move up and down vertically.
Each slide has a slot in it to fit an excentric ex formed or secured upon the shaft c³
and arranged so that one excentric c* is opposite to the other, so that when one slide
is lifted the other is depressed, when the shaft c³ rocks one way, and vice versa when
the shaft c rocks the other way.
Upon each slide e² one end of a rod e rests and is secured to it in any convenient
manner so that the rod will rise and fall with the slide. The rod e³ is also screwed at
its lower end so as to be adjustable vertically (see fig. 2).
The upper ends of these rods e each pass through an hydraulic packing gland e
and cachi rod comes under the stem of a cone lifting valve, one e and the other e¹ the
two valves both opening into the same chamber which is supplied with water from
the accumulator of the well known arrangement used for supplying water under
pressure to one or more hydraulic presses or machines-thus the water supplied to
the chamber or chest common to both valves e and e' will pass either when lifted by
the rocking of the shaft c-When the shaft is rocked one way one valve say e will
be lifted, and each valve will be first lowered upon its seating after being lifted when
the shaft rocks in the opposite direction to lift the other valve e¹ (as shown in
fig. 2).
The water passing the valve e or el also passes a back pressure valve which is or
may be arranged in any convenient manner to allow water to pass from the valve e
or el but prevent its return-In fig. 2 the valvese are shown as formed in the junction
for the connecting pipe, and there is a washer e with holes a flat view of which is
shown in fig. 2 to keep the valve in its place and allow the water to pass.
Before describing the action consequent upon lifting either of the valves e and e¹ we
will describe the construction and arrangement of the other valve mechanism.
There are three pairs of small valves each actuated by small rams shown by
figs. 3, 4, 5 and 6 and also shown in the plan view fig. 1.
Each small ram, and valve of each pair is alike and therefore the description of one
ram and valve will be sufficient for all the three pairs of valves and rams, reference
being made to letters on figs. 5 and 6.
Each pair of small rams and valves is carried on a vertical pillar a² the lower end of
which is secured to the bed plate a and the ram cylinder fand valve casing or box/1
are each cast upon the side of the pillar a², or are made separate from and are secured
by a flange and bolts or screws to the pillar.

page_text: The small ram cylinder ƒ is bored out and made with an hydraulic gland packing f2
for the small ram 3 to pass and work through, at its upper end, and the lower end
of the ram cylinder is closed by a screw plug by removing which the small ram f³
can be withdrawn from and inserted at the lower end of the small ram cylinder f. At
the lower end of the small ram cylinder there are two branches or junctions (in the
two end pairs of small ram cylinders) for two pipes one pipe to convey water to the
underside of the ram to force it upwards when required to act, and the other pipe
for water to pass through or exhaust from the small ram cylinder as hereinafter
explained.
From and continuous with the ram f³ there is a rod which passes through a packing
gland in the lower end of the casing and ascends the bore of the valve casing
until it comes against the lower end of the stem of the cone lifting valve fº.
Thus when the small ram 3 lifts, the valve is lifted and water can pass from its
valve chamber. The water passes to the valve chamber above the water through a
junction for a pipe and from below the valve through a junction for another pipe.
Above the valve f there is or may be a stem 7 (see fig. 5) with a cone valve head
this stem is inserted at the inside of a gland f which screws into the upper end of the
casing into and through which the valve is inserted.
The head of the stem f' is inside and when up against the underside of the gland f
will act as a valve to prevent the escape of fluid-The stem / projects outside the
gland and is acted upon by a spring f which is carried upon and connected with
the upper end of the pillar a² so as to be adjustable up and down.
The springs acting upon the stems
are for pushing the valves f down, when
they have been lifted should they tend to stick, and the pressure of the water acting
upon their upper ends not be sufficient to close them.
The middle pair of small rams and valves are for controlling the supply of water
to the main cylinder c of the hydraulic Engine and will be hereinafter termed the
"feed valves h."
The pair of small rams and valves furthest from the main ram cylinder d' are for
controlling the exhaust of water from the main cylinder c and will be hereinafter
termed the exhaust valves h¹."
The pair of small rams and valves nearest the main ram cylinder dare for controlling
the exhaust from the small rams which lift the feed valves h and will be hereinafter
termed "the exhaust for feed valves "The letters h, h¹ and 2 are upon fig. 1
and fig. 3.
In fig. 1 the ram cylinder dis on the right, and the ram cylinder d is on the left
when looking at fig. 1 and this will indicate what is meant when these terms are
hereinafter used.
The pipe 1 (represented by peculiar dotted line) is in communication with the
accumulator and supplies water under pressure to the actuating valves e and e¹.
The water passing from the valve e through a pipe 2 (all the pipes are shown in
peculiar dotted lines) to the junction with the left small ram cylinder (f) (see figs. 5
and 6) of the feed valves h (see figs. 1 and 3) and the water from the valve el passes
through a pipe 3 to the junction of the right small ram cylinder of the feed valves h.
The pipe 2, has a branch to the left and the pipe 3 has also a branch to the right
small ram cylinder of the exhaust from feed valves h².
The water from a branch from the pipe 1 also passes to two junctions supplying
water to the valve chambers of the two feed valves h.
There is a junction under the right feed valve h through which water passing from
it has its outlet and is conveyed by a pipe 4 to one end of the main cylinder c of the
hydraulic Engine and there is a branch from this pipe 4 to the right small ram cylinder
of the exhaust valve h¹.
There is a pipe 5 corresponding to pipe 4 communicating with the outlet from the left
feed valve hand with the other end of the cylinder c, and also with the left small ram
cylinder of the exhaust valve h³.
The pipes 4 and 5 are each in turn both inlet and exhaust pipes for the main
cylinder c.

page_text: There is a pipe 6 (see figs. 1, 3 and 5 which communicates between the right small
ram cylinder under the rain of the exhaust from feed valve and the upper side of
the valve of left exhaust from feed valve and vice versa, a pipe 7 which commu-
nicates between the left small ram cylinder and upper side of the right exhaust from
feed valve ².
There is a similar reciprocal connection by cross pipes 8 and 9 between the under
side of the ram cylinders and the upper side of the valves, of the exhaust valves h¹
(see figs. 1 and 3).
We will now describe the action of the apparatus; assume that the movement of
the piston in the main cylinder c (by reason of the bowl c acting on the tappets or
stops) has shut the valve e supplying water to the pipe 2, and opened the valve e¹
supplying water to the pipe 3, then the result will be that the water will pass in the
direction pointed by the arrows along side the pipes on fig. 1, that is along the pipe 3
into the right small ram of the feed valve h and lift or open it and allow water from
the accumulator to pass from the pipe through the pipe 4 to the right hand end of
the main cylinder e (the piston in which then moving in the direction pointed by the
arrow on the cylinder c fig. 1) and as this pipe 4 also communicates with the right
small ram cylinder of the exhaust valve its valve is opened and allows water to
exhaust from the left hand end of the main cylinder c through the pipe 5, which
conveys it to the small left ram cylinder of the exhaust valves h², and it passes
through this small ram cylinder by the cross pipe 8 to the upper side of the right
exhaust valve and through that valve and a pipe 23 from the outlet of that valve
to the cistern.
It will be understood that when the valve e¹ lifts to supply water to the pipe 3 the
supply to the pipe 2 is shut off by the valve e but the moment the water enters
the pipe 3 it lifts the right small ram of the exhaust for feed valve 2 and allows the
water in the pipe 2, which is in communication with the left small ram of feed valves h
to pass out through the left small rain cylinder of the exhaust valve for feed å by
means of the cross pipe 6 to the upper side of the open right valve for exhaust from
feed and pass thence from the valve outlet to the cistern.
When the water is admitted by the valve e to the pipe 2, the positions of the
valves and are reversed from those above described when the water was
admitted by the valve el to the pipe 3.-It will thus be seen that when one valve e is
opened a series of movements take place in the valves h, h' and h³ which admit feed
water from the accumulator to one end of the main cylinder c and allows water to
exhaust from the other end of the cylinder and when once the valves are placed in
one position by the opening of one valve e, they remain in that position even after
the valve e is shut until the opening of the valve e reverses the position of the valves,
and as the piston in the main cylinder c travels towards one or the other end of the
cylinder as long as there is a pressure of water from the accumulator the valves h h
and are sure to be reversed at each end of the stroke and the rams d and d¹ will
continue to work but will cease to work when the supply of water from the accumulator
ceases.
There is a pipe 10 from each ram cylinder d and d¹ connected with a valve box i
which has two other junctions for two pipes one of which is a suction pipe commu-
nicating with a supply cistern, and the other with the pipe 10 from each ram cylinder d
and forming a junction with the pipes 11 passing to the hydraulic press or presses
to be actuated.
There are two back pressure valves in the valve boxes i an end elevation of one of
which (both are alike) being shown by fig. 1.
One valve opens to allow water to pass from the cistern or supply to the ram cylinder
and closes against its return, the other valve opens to allow water to pass from the
ram cylinder and closes against its return.
The water from the hydraulic pump and accumulator and to the press or presses to
be actuated passes or may pass through valves controlled by automatic mechanism
which is shown by the plan view fig. 1 and upon an enlarged scale by the elevation
fig. 7 and plan fig. 8. On a base or bed plate ax two stands a³ and a are secured

page_text: each carrying valve mechanism which is constructed arranged and actuated same as
the valves e and e¹ carried by the stand a figs. 1 and 2, except that in reference to
figs. 7 and 8 each stand a³ and a' is only arranged to carry one valve.
Each valve is actuated by an excentric on a shaft same as the valves e and e¹ and
the excentrics cx are both on the same shaft in suitable bearings as for the valves e
and e, except that the excentrics ex are both set on the same side of the shaft and
when the shaft is oscillated one way both excentrics act to simultaneously lift and
open both valves and when oscillated the other way both excentrics act to lower
and close both valves.
On the base plate ax there is a bracket or stand a to carry the fulcrum of a
lever which lever has a link jointed to it that is connected with another lever ja
having its fulcrum on a stand or bracket a secured to the base plate. The free end
of the lever is jointed to one end of a link the other end of which is jointed to
one end of an arm je from the shaft. c.
On the base plate ax a ram cylinder jis secured which contains a small ram 18
passing from the ram cylinder through an hydraulic packing gland at the upper end
of the cylinder.
The outer end of the ram comes under and sustains the lever which at its free
end is loaded with the desired weight jx and the small ram cylinder has a branch
connected by a pipe 12 with the pipe 11 communicating with the press or presses.
With the arrangement of compound levers and j³ above described a little movement
j
in the loaded ram jis multiplied by the levers and produces a greater extent of
oscillation in the shaft c than would be the case if the loaded lever j and shaft c'
were directly connected.
Instead of the shaft and connected parts the lever is or may be made with a
projection from each side of it opposite the ram and these projections are connected
directly with the lower ends of the spindles the casings for the valves K and K'
being brought as near as possible with one spindle on one side and the other on the
other side of the lever j.
The pipe 13 conveys water from the pumps to a junction of the valve casing k
above the valve and it passes from the casing through a junction and pipe to a back
pressure valve box which allows water to pass from the valve to the pipe 11. going to
the press or presses but closes against its return.
There is a junction with the valve casing below the valve for water to pass when
the valve is lifted and opened to the pipe 14 communicating with the accumulator.
There is a pipe 15 which brings water from the accumulator to the valve box k¹ of
the valve and when it is lifted allows water to pass by the pipe 16 to the pipe 1 which
conveys water to the feed valves and the valves e and e¹.
The operation of the controlling mechanism is as follows.
When the pressure in the pipes 13 from the pumps is below that to which the ram 8
is loaded by the lever j, both valves in boxes and are closed.
The water from the pumps can pass freely through the valve chamber k through the
back pressure valve and the pipes 11 to the press or presses and its pressure by means
of the branch pipe 12 also acts upon the loaded ram j.
⚫ The moment the pressure in the pipes 11 leading to the press or presses is sufficient
to lift the ram the shaft c³ is oscillated and both valves in boxes & and are
simultaneously lifted or opened then the water from the pumps can pass from pipe 13
through the valve in box to the accumulator by pipe 14 but the water from
the pipe 11 by reason of the back pressure valve cannot flow back to the valve
box k.
By the opening of the valve in the box the water is allowed to pass from the
accumulator through the pipes 15 and 16 to the pipe 1 and thus supply the valves e
and e¹ and the chamber of the feed valves h, and the hydraulic engine is set to work.
The moment the pressure in the pipes 11 leading to the press or presses sinks
below the load upon the ram the valves in boxes k and k¹ are shut and the water
from the accumulator through the pipes 15 and 16 is stopped and the hydraulic
engine ceases to work, and the water from the pumps passes through the pipe 13 then

page_text: directly through the valve box k and back pressure valve to the presses and if not
required at the presses is diverted to the accumulator.
The pipe going to the press or presses first passes to an ordinary stop as it is termed
(see fig. 1) namely a valve box m by which the pressman can pass the water along
the pipe 17 to a press represented by the circle m in fig. 1 and when not required at
this press m² it is diverted to a pipe 18 leading to the accumulator or to the "stop"
for the next press and so on.
There is or may be two back pressure valves in the valve boxes i (see figs. 1 and 12)
one arranged to open to allow water to pass from the supply cistern to the ram
cylinders & and d' as hereinbefore described, and another back pressure valve to allow
water to pass from a pipe in communication with the pipe 1 which is supplied from
the accumulator. If the last named back pressure valves are arranged so that they
may be either screwed down upon their seatings or left free to open and close as back
pressure valves, to allow water to pass to the ram cylinders d and d', then when so
acting the rams will be supplied with water from the accumulators and when screwed
down on their seatings and not so acting the ram cylinders will be supplied from the
cistern, the back pressure valves between the rams and cistern being thien kept closed
by the superior pressure of the water from the accumulators.
One of the valves hereinbefore and hereinafter referred to is shown by the detached
elevation fig. 9. The guiding wings (n) are made in the screw form so that the
passing fluid will tend to revolve the valves and thus constantly change their positions
on their seatings.
Fig. 10 and fig. 10ª represent a side elevation parts being in section, of an hydraulic
engine according to our invention in which hydraulic rams and cylinders are only
used, fig. 10 shews the left half and fig. 10 the right half, of this modification of
hydraulic engine.
The dotted line in figs. 10 and 10" forms the joining line between the two
figures, but as one half of the hydraulic engine is a duplicate of the other the
description of the mechanism will be readily understood from either fig. 10 or
fig. 10
Fig. 11 is a cross sectional elevation looking from the line ... fig. 10.
Below the base plate a of the hydraulic engine in fig. 10 a diagramatic plan is
shown referring to the small rams and valves hereinbefore described and shown in
fig. 3 as hand ².
A diagramatic plan is also shown in fig. 10 referring to the valve mechanism k kl
and ram hereinbefore described and shown by figs. 17 and 8.
These diagrams are shown in plan while the figures 10 and 10 are in elevation,
but they are so shown in order that the connection of the piping between the hydraulic
engine and the mechanism h h h² k k² and j' may be more clearly shown as the
direction in which the piping passes is of no importance.
a is a base plate, c is the large ram cylinder in fig. 10 and that in fig. 10".
Each large ram cylinder c and c has or may have fect cand cl³ cast with it, by
which it is carried upon and secured to the bed a, and the inner stand c¹³ of each large
ram cylinder c and has or may have two or more projecting arms (three are shown)
for tie rods P which pass between and are secured by screw nuts to the arms
from the large ram cylinders c and c", these tie rods P thus taking the working
strain.
Inside each large ram cylinder e and c¹ there is a hollow ram 7 the outer end of
each hollow ram having arms or projections for two or more connecting rods (three
rods are shown) these rods thus connect the two hollow rams 7 so as to move
together endways, in order that when one hollow ram moves outward from its
cylinder the other hollow ram will move inwards to its cylinder.
Each hollow ram 9 has a central small hollow rau q² in it, which have each a flange
at their outer end by which they are each bolted to a central stand or bracket q³
secured to the bed one half of this bracket being shown in fig. 10 and the other
half in fig. 10 and it is also shown in dotted line in fig. 11.

page_text: The rams as rams, and cylinders as cylinders are constructed and arranged to work
through packing glands of the ordinary construction.
In order to readily get access to the rams when required, the ends of the upper tie
rod p for the main ram cylinder and " and the upper tie rod for the hollow
rams are arranged in slots in the arms to which they are attached, these
slots being closed by caps q and 7 secured by screws so that by slackening the
screw nuts upon the upper tie rods p and q taking off the said caps q* and 7
unscrewing the bolts securing the central hollow ram g' to the stand g³ and unscrewing
the latter from the bed a the stand can be lifted vertically along with the two
upper tie rods and then access is obtained to the hollow rams without disturbing
the large ram cylinders and c¹¹.
C
The hydraulic Engine illustrated by figs. 10-10 and 11 is or may be actuated
same as that hercin before described and illustrated by fig. 1, that is to say a projec-
tion upon or from the outer end of each hollow ram y is or may be arranged to come
against an adjustable projection on a bar c figs. 1 and 2 to actuate mechanism same
as that shown in fig. I and by fig. 2 for operating the valves e and e'. In figs. 10
and 10" and 11 two valves are shown, that is, the section of a valve arrangement is
shown in fig. 10, and the exterior of the valve mechanism without the spindle is
shown in fig. 10" but as both valve mechanism is the same for each half of the Engine
it will only be necessary to describe one.
The valve mechanism consists of a casing ex in which a gland packing arrange-
ment et is formed at one end to pack a spindle e³ which projects through the gland
packing.
The inner end of this spindle e comes against a lifting valve e or e¹ so that when
the valve spindle e³ is moved inwards the valve e or e¹ is opened.
The valve casing ex has two branches for pipes one to convey water to the valve the
other to convey water which has passed the valve.
There is a screw plug at the end of the casing ex through which the valve e or e¹ is
placed.
The valve casing ex is formed with two flanges to fit in a fork or slot formed in the
stand 3 of the main ram cylinder c or c¹¹ and is secured in the fork by a cap q¹
(see fig. 11) and screws.
There is a projecting arm 77 from the inner end of the hollow ram q which will
strike against the end of the spindle e³ and force it inwards and open the valve e or e¹
when the hollow ram has arrived at the inward end of its stroke. One of these
valves for one cylinder c is marked e and that for the other for the cylinder ¹¹ is
marked e and when operated upon they actuate the small rams and valves similar to
those shewn by fig. 3 and marked h¹ and 2 as hereinbefore described.
There are two back pressure valves and ix for each half of the hydraulic Engine.
These valves and are shown in section in fig. 10 and are partly indicated by
outside views in fig. 10". The pipes between the automatic mechanism shown by
figs. 7 and 8 and the valve mechanism h, and h² fig. 3 are represented by peculiar
dotted lines, and are marked with the same figures as the corresponding pipes having
the same functions in fig. 1.
The pipe 19 brings water from the supply cistern to the inlet valves through which
it passes by pipes 20 and 21 to the hollow of the central small hollow ram and the
water also passes through these pipes 21 and 20 when forced from the hollow ram
cylinder of through the hollow in the central stationary ram g² but as the valve i closes
against return of the water to the pipe 19 it passes through the back pressure
valve i to the pipe 11 leading to the presses.
The lines 22 fig. 10 represent the pipes conveying away the exhaust from exhaust
from feed valves 2 and the lines 23 and 24 fig. 10 represent the pipes conveying the
exhaust from the main ram cylinders c and c₁ back to the supply cistern. Fig. 12 is
an elevation partly in section and fig. 13 a plan or top view of a vertical hydraulic
Engine where rams and ram cylinders are only used forming another modification of
our invention. Two sets of rams and ram cylinders are used one set being a duplicate
of the other.

page_text: One large ram cylinder corresponds to c fig. 10 and the other to c¹ fig. 10ª.
The main ram cylinder in each case is connected by the rod p with a cross head q³
to which the small central hollow ram q is secured.
In the main ram cylinder c and c¹ in cach case there is a hollow ram which fits
and forms the cylinder for the sinall central ram q².
In each set of rams there is a valve arrangement e or el similar to that herein before
described in reference to the modification illustrated by figs. 10, 10" and 11 but this
valve mechanism is only shown on the right set of rams and cylinders in fig. 12 but
is indicated in both in fig. 13.
There are inlet valves to the small ram cylinder and outlet valves i* as described
in reference to figs. 10, 10" and 11.
The dotted lines representing the pipes shown are marked same as those with the
same or corresponding functions described in reference to figs. 10, 10 and 11
and fig. 1.
It will be understood with the arrangements shown in figs. 12 and 13 that the
hollow rain cylinder will in its descent draw in its supply of water from the cistern
through the pipe 19 and valve i but it may also take its supply wholly or partly from
the pipe 4 or 5 which is supplying the main ram cylinder in which case we pass the
water from the one or the other of the valves through a reducing and back pressure
valve arrangement, one of which is shown in section for each set of rams and ram
cylinders in fig. 12, and a description of one will do for both as they are duplicates of
each other.
A branch from the pipe 5 forms a junction with a casing in which a reducing
valve is formed, the spindle of which passes through a gland ² and is acted upon
by a lover loaded to any desired extent by a weight (the water having to lift this
reducing valve before it can pass) the water then passes a back pressure valve 75 also
formed in the casing and from this valve passes by a cross pipe 25 to a junction
with the pipe 21 supplying the hollow ram cylinder through the hollow ram q.
It will be seen that one reducing and back pressure valve for one set of rams and
cylinders say on the left, supplies the small hollow ram 2 for the other set on the
right, so that the water supplied to one main ram cylinder passes at the same time to
the hollow ram 7 of the other set of rams and cylinders, and the back
pressure valve 7.5
prevents its return when the hollow ram y moves upward to force the water out of its
interior which then passes through one or the other of the outlet valves * to the
hydraulic press.
It will thus be seen that when one hollow ram ascends the other
descends alternately.
The two sets of rams and ram cylinders illustrated by figs. 12 and 13 are combined
with the valves h, and h² fig. 3, and if required with the automatic mechanism
herein before described and shown by figs. 7 and 8 and the pipes shown by dotted
lines on figs. 12 and 13 and numbered, are supposed to be connected with the said
valve mechanism herein before described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is
1. The combination and arrangement of an hydraulic Engine substantially as and
for the purpose hereinbefore described and illustrated by figs. 1, 1ª, 2, and 2 and
3 to 6 inclusive of the drawings.
2. The combination of valves e and e¹ or their equivalents with small rams and
valves h, and shown in fig. 1 and deteached by figs. 3, 4, 5 and 6 for controlling
the water under pressure for working hydraulic Engines substantially as herein before
described and illustrated by figs. I, 1ª 2 and 2 and figs. 3 to 6 inclusive of the
drawings.
3. The combination and arrangement of automatic mechanism shown in fig. 1 and
on an enlarged scale detached by figs. 7 and 8 for controlling the supply of water
under pressure from pumps and an accumulator to an hydraulic Engine substantially

page_text: as and for the purpose herein before described and illustrated by reference to figs. 1, 1
2 and 2", and figs. 3 to 8 inclusive of the drawings.
4. The combination and arrangement of mechanism substantially as and for the
purpose hereinbefore described and illustrated by figs. 1, 1º 2 and 2 and figs. 3 to 8
of the drawings.
5. The construction of lifting valves with helical wings as and for the purpose
herein before described and illustrated by fig. 9 of the drawings.
6. The combination and arrangement of hydraulic Engines substantially as and
for the purpose hereinbefore described and illustrated by figs. 10 10 and 11 of the
drawings.
7. The combination and arrangement of hydraulic Engines substantially as and for
the purpose hereinbefore described and illustrated by figs. 12 and 13 of the drawings.
Dated this First day of October One thousand Eight hundred and Eighty seven.