Improvements in Telautographs or Writing Telegraphs.
Year: 1893

page_text: e of Application. 7th Feb., 1893-Accepted, 1st Apr., 1893
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
[Communicated from abroad by ELISHA GRAY, of Highland Park, Lake
County, in the State of Illinois, United States of America, Professor of
Physics.]
Improvements in Telautographs or Writing Telegraphs.
I PHILIP ARTHUR NEWTON of the Office for Patents, 6 Breams Buildings,
Chancery Lane in the County of London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to a writing telegraph of that class in which the act of
writing the message at the sending station, operates to reproduce it at the receiving
station, a system and apparatus for which is set forth in the Specification of Letters
Patent granted to me No. 17965, dated 20th October 1891, on a communication
made by Elisha Gray, who is the author of the present invention and describes his
improvements in the following terms:-
One of the features of my present invention is an improvement in the trans-
mitter, whereby the pulsations through which the receiving pen is operated or
controlled are sent to line. It is important in a transmitter to secure certainty of
contact in the circuit making and breaking device, rapidity of movement, and small
liability to deterioration through friction of parts. These advantages I secure in
my present invention by employing a vibrating circuit maker and breaker operated
magnetically through the making and breaking of a magnetic circuit or circuits, in
turn controlled by the movements of the transmitting pen.
Another of the objects of my present invention is to simplify and improve the
mechanism described in said Patent for giving movement to, and reversing the
movement of, the receiving pen.
Another object of my present invention is to improve and simplify the paper-
feeding mechanism, providing improved means for giving a positive feed to the
paper strip at the feeding station.
My invention further consists in other features and in details of construction and
organization, which will be best understood by reference to the accompanying
drawings, in which-
Figures and 2 are respectively plan and side views of the transmitting
mechanism, Figure 2 being a sectional elevation on the line 2-2 of Figure 1.
Figures 3 and 4 are similar views of a modified form of the transmitter, Figure 4
being a sectional elevation on the line 4-4 of Figure 3.
Figures 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 represent a preferred form of the transmitter, Figure 5
being a side and Figure 6 a rear elevation; Figure 7 a sectional elevation on the
line 7-7 of Figure 6; Figure 8 a plan, partly in section, on the line 8-8 of
Figure 5; and Figure 9 a section on the line 9-9 of Figure 5 of the same.
Figures 10, 11, 12 and 13 show modifications, Figure 13 being a section on
line 13-13 of Figure 12.
Figure 14 is a plan view of the table carrying the receiving instrument.
Figure 15 is a vertical section on or near the line 15-15 of Figure 14, showing
the paper-shifting mechanism and the pen-lifter magnets.
Figure 16 is a vertical section on the line 16-16 of Figure 14, showing in
elevation the motor, the paper rolls, the paper-feeding mechanism, the reversing
mechanism and the motor cut-out switch.
Figure 17 is a sectional plan view on the line 17-17 of Figure 16, showing the
same parts, with the exception of the paper rolls in plan.
Figures 18 and 19 are views on an enlarged scale of a frictional power regulating

page_text: device located between sections of the motor shaft, whereby the amount of power
transmitted to the receiving pen is determined and regulated; Figure 18 being a
section on the line 18-18 of Figure 19.
Figure 20 is a sectional elevation, on about the line 20-20, of Figure 17 of the
motor, cut-out magnet and connected devices.
Figure 21 is a vertical rear elevation of half of the reversing mechanism, to wit,
that shown on the left-hand side of Figure 16.
Figure 22 is a sectional side elevation of the same, the point of view being to the
left of Figure 16.
Figure 23 is a plan view of the escapement governing the movement of the
receiving pen and its magnet, these three figures also being on an enlarged scale.
Figures 24 and 25 are, respectively, side and plan views of the paper-feed
mechanism, also on an enlarged scale.
Figures 26 and 264 show together the circuit connections at a transmitting and
receiving instrument respectively.
Figures 27 and 28 are details, respectively, of a form of unison and pen-rack
switch which may be employed; Figure 29 being a section on either of the
lines 29-29 of Figures 27 and 28.
Figures 30 and 31 are front and side views, respectively, of a modified form of
my improved magnetic clutch for the reversing mechanism.
Figures 32 and 33 are similar views of another modification of the same.
Referring now to Figures 1 and 2, A, is the usual transmitting pen, which may
be a pen, pencil, stylus or other device suitable for making or recording a character,
or a simple handle of convenient form, all of which are for convenience of reference
included under the term "transmitting pen," as used herein.
The pen is properly connected, as by a flexible cord 1, to the pen drum 2 on the
shaft 3, the shaft being mounted so as to rotate freely, and provided with the usual
retractile 5. Upon shaft 3 is mounted a wheel 6, having teeth 7 of magnetizable
material, as soft iron. 8 and 9 are two magnets, each provided with pole
pieces 10, 11, the pole pieces of each magnet being placed in proximity to each
other, with sufficient space left between them to permit the passage of the teeth 7,
and being reduced or tapered so as to present to the wheel a surface approximately
equal to the width of one tooth. The magnets are placed in proximity to each
other in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the wheel.
Between the two magnets is an armature 12 of magnetizable material, as soft
iron, attached to the end of a lever 13, pivoted near its centre, which acts as a
circuit maker and breaker between stops 14 and 15, through which lever and stops
line circuit passes. The set screws 16 permit ready adjustment of the magnet
pole pieces to each other.
The operation is as follows:
The pen A (being connected as in the mechanism of the above-mentioned Patent
to two devices, such as have just been described one for each of two crosswise
directions of movement, one only of which devices is shown in Figures 1 and 2),
as it moves, in forming the letters, figures or other characters or forms to be
transmitted, to and from the pen drum 2, gives a rotary motion to the wheel 6 in
one direction or the other. When a tooth 7 comes between the pole pieces 11 of
magnet 9, the magnetic circuit of that magnet is closed through that tooth. The
two magnets are so placed with reference to each other that at this moment there
is no tooth between the pole pieces of magnet 8. The magnetic circuit of the latter
magnet is, therefore, then broken, and it attracts the armature 12, causing the latter
to make contact with the stop 14.
As the wheel advances, a tooth comes between the pole pieces 10, and the tooth
theretofore between the pole pieces 11 is withdrawn from between the latter pole
pieces. The magnetic circuit of the magnet 8 is thus completed through the tooth
between its poles, and the magnetic circuit of the magnet 9 is broken. The
armature 12 is therefore released from magnet 8, and attracted to magnet 9, causing
the lever 13 to break contact with stop 14 and make contact with stop 15. As the

page_text: movement of the wheel continues, this vibratory movement of the lever is corre-
spondingly reproduced, and pulsations caused to traverse the circuit b.
In the form of the mechanism shown in Figures 3 and 4, one of the magnets 8, 9
is omitted, and its place supplied by a retractile spring 17, which acts to move the
lever 13 in one direction while it is moved in the other direction by the pull of the
magnet 18 against the tension of the spring. The operation of this mechanism is
otherwise the same as of that above described, and the spring is to be regarded as
the equivalent of the omitted magnet.
I will now describe the form of this mechanism shown in Figures 5 to 9, and which
is the form which I prefer to employ. In this form a single magnet is employed,
but the arrangement is such as to provide two partially independent magnetic circuits.
The magnet 19 is provided with an extension 20 of magnetizable material, such as
soft iron, attached to one of its poles, which is placed in proximity to the teeth of
the wheel 6, the preferred form of the extension 20 being a fork through the slot
of which the teeth of the wheel 6 move. Upon the other pole of the magnet 19
is pivoted a lever 21 bifurcated at one end into the two points 22, 23. The
bifurcated portion of this lever and its body, as far as the pivot, is of magnetizable
material, as soft iron, and it is placed in proximity with the path of the teeth 7 of
the wheel 6 so that the magnetic circuit of the magnet 19 may be completed
through the extension 20, the teeth 7 of the wheel 6, one or the other of the
points 22, 23, and the lever 21. The letter 21 acts as a circuit maker and breaker
between stops 24, 25, through which lever and stops the circuit b passes.
The points 22, 23 of lever 21 are placed at such a distance apart that when one
of them is opposite a tooth of the wheel the other will have a position between
two of these teeth. They are so placed with reference to the wheel 6 that when
the lever 21 is in one of its contact positions, as against the stop 25, one of the
points, as 22, will be in close proximity to the path of the teeth 7, completing the
magnetic circuit of the magnet 19 through the point 22, the tooth with which it is
in juxtaposition and the extension 20, while at the same time the other point 23,
of the lever 21, is relatively removed from the path of the teeth 7, and the
magnetic circuit through that arm or point of the bifurcated lever is broken. In
the other position of the lever 21, against the contact stop 24, the point 23 is in
close proximity to the path of the teeth 7, while the point 22 is relatively removed
from that path, thus causing the magnetic circuit through point 23 to be closed,
and that through point 22 to be broken.
It results from this construction that as the teeth of the wheel come successively
in proximity with the point 22, the lever 21 will be caused to assume that position
in which the magnetic circuit is completed through the point 22 and broken
through the point 23, and as the teeth pass in succession in proximity to the
point 23 the lever 21 will assume that position in which the magnetic circuit is
completed through point 23 and broken through point 22, these positions alternating
successively with each other, and in consequence the line circuit being con-
tinuously and uniformly interrupted, causing electric pulsations to traverse it to
the receiving station.
In Figure 9 is shown in plan a diagram of the connections of the reversing
circuit d, 26 being the reversing lever frictionally mounted upon the shaft 3, which
causes the polarity of the current in the reversing circuit d to be reversed upon
.each reversal in direction of movement of the transmitting pen, whereby the move-
ments of the receiving pen are correspondingly reversed in direction.
In this type of construction, as in the one first described, one of the magnetic
circuits or paths may be dispensed with, and its place supplied by its equivalent, a
spring. Such a mechanism is illustrated in Figure 10. One of the arms of the
bifurcated lever 21 is omitted, and the retractile spring 27 is substituted for it.
The strength of this spring is so adjusted that when the point 23 is in juxtaposition
with a space between the teeth 7, and the magnetic circuit is, therefore, substan-
tially broken, the spring will draw the lever against the stop 25; but when the
point 23 is in juxtaposition with one of the teeth 7 the attractive force of the

page_text: completed magnetic circuit will be such as to overcome the spring and cause
the lever 21 to vibrate to the position in which it rests against the stop 24. Similar
results are, therefore, obtained as when the bifurcated lever 21 is employed.
In Figure 11 a further modification is shown in which, again, the lever 21 has
but a single point. In this case as the disk 6 revolves in the direction of the arrow,
one of the teeth 7 coming in juxtaposition with the point 23 will complete the
magnetic circuit, and the point 23 will follow the tooth, maintaining its juxtaposition
thereto, until it rests against the contact stop 25. The continued movement of the
tooth now substantially breaks the magnetic circuit through it; but instantly the
next following tooth 7 comes near enough to the point of the lever to establish
the magnetic circuit through it. The lever now swings to meet the advancing
tooth until it makes contact with the stop 24. The continued forward movement
of the last-mentioned tooth will carry the point 23 with it, breaking its contact
with the stop 24, until the lever again rests upon stop 25. In this form of device
the teeth 7 would preferably be made pointed, and would be placed twice as far
apart for the same rapidity of vibration of the lever 21 as in the form shown in
Figures 5 to 9. It would be an inferior construction, but would be operative, and
in it, as in the other cases, the vibration of the lever would be effected by the
making and breaking of the magnetic circuit.
In the devices thus far illustrated and described, the movement of the series of
teeth is rotary. It may, however, be a reciprocatory motion in a straight line, and
substantially the same results may be thus accomplished in any of the forms of
mechanism which have been mentioned. Such an arrangement is illustrated in
Figure 12. The drum shaft 3 is provided with a pinion 28 meshing with a rack 29
adapted to reciprocate longitudinally in guides, as 30, 31. This rack carries the
magnetizable teeth 7, and its body is in whole or in part of magnetizable material.
The lever 21 is pivoted upon one pole 33 of this magnet, and the forked exten-
sion 20 from the other pole straddles the rack and teeth 7. As the pen drum is
caused to rotate in accordance with the movements of the transmitting pen, the
rack 29 is given a reciprocatory motion, and causes vibration of the lever 21, as in
the forms of mechanism above described. It is, therefore, to be understood that in
all cases I have in contemplation a reciprocatory as well as a rotary motion of the
series of teeth 7.
While I have spoken in this description of the magnetic circuits as being made
and broken for the purpose of giving movement to the vibrating lever carrying the
armature, it is to be noted that these terms are not, when the ultimate character of
the phenomena under consideration is considered, strictly accurate. Theoretically,
in none of the forms of mechanism above shown is the magnetic circuit absolutely
broken, but rather the substantial portion of the magnetic lines of force are diverted
or shifted from that magnetic circuit which is relatively open to that which is
relatively closed, a minute portion of the lines of force, however, in theory still
traversing the relatively open path. In fact, however, and as regards the practical
operation of the mechanism, this weakening of the lines of force in one path of the
circuit, and strengthening them in the other, amounts to an interruption or break
of the relatively open circuit, and a making of the relatively closed circuit.
are
It is for convenience of description that the terms "make and break"
employed, as they are to be understood as indicating such a substantial change of
condition in the magnetic circuit as will cause the vibrating lever to be operated.
Even were a construction of mechanism for this purpose employed such that the
operation of the vibrating lever were effected by successive absolute breaks in a
magnetic circuit, such a mechanism would be substantially the same mechanism as
that herein shown, since the changes of magnetic strength herein referred to
produce substantially the same practical effects as would be attained from absolute
magnetic makes and breaks.
"
In using the term "teeth I intend to include thereunder not only what are
technically termed "teeth" in mechanics-that is, separate pieces of material
projecting from a body or surface-but also pieces or strips of magnetizable material

page_text: of whatever form, provided that they are separated from each other so that as they
successively move in the presence of the magnetic circuit they will cause a succes-
sion of magnetic makes and breaks or shiftings of the magnetic circuit.
It is not
necessary, of course, that the spaces between the teeth should be open, as in the
devices illustrated. If preferred, these spaces may be occupied by non-magnetic or
relatively non-magnetic material.
It should be noted that a single tooth, or a pair of teeth, having such a rotary or
other motion as to act at short intervals upon the magnetic circuit, will likewise
serve my purpose no less than a greater number of teeth.
It is to be remembered that in the art, the juxtaposition of two poles of different
polarity, each pole belonging to a separate magnet, is the substantial equivalent of
a single magnet for accomplishing many purposes. This would be the case in the
mechanisms above described. Thus, if two bar magnets were substituted for the
single magnet shown in Figures 5 to 8, and the opposite poles of these magnets were
brought into juxtaposition, the lever 21 being pivoted upon one pole, and the
teeth 7 moving in magnetic contact with the other pole, similar results would be
Under the
obtained, though with the expenditure of somewhat more energy.
*
""
term magnet I intend to include every suitable source of magnetic energy.
Many other modifications besides those to which I have specifically referred
might be made in the construction of the apparatus, and still it would contain my
invention.
One of the forms of general organization of circuits at and between the trans-
mitter and the receiver, and those features of my present invention which relate to
the receiver, will now be described.
The main-line circuit b, Figures 26 and 26ª, passes from earth through one or
the other of batteries Z Z', having opposite poles to line, according to the position
of the vibrating lever 150, forming part of the interrupter B, through the pen-rack
switch to the distant station, and this circuit receives and transmits pulsations of
successively alternate polarity as the lever 150 vibrates in accordance with move-
ments of the transmitting pen to and from the interrupter B, as above explained.
Likewise, the main-line circuit c passes through one or the other of the same
batteries Z Z', according to the position of the vibrating lever forming part of
the interrupter C, to the pen-rack switch, and thence to the distant station, and
receives pulsations of successively opposite polarity in accordance with the move-
ment of the transmitting pen to and from the interrupter C.
The reversing circuit d passes through one or the other of batteries Z Z,
152; thence through
according to the position of the circuit-reversing arm
the resistance R, or around it through the contact points 153 and 154, according
to the position of the transmitting pen; thence to the unision switch; thence
to the pen-rack switch, and thence to line. Likewise the circuit e passes
through one or the other of batteries Z Z¹, according to the position of the
circuit-reversing arm 151; thence through resistance R¹, or around it through
contacts 155 and 156, depending upon the position of the transmitting pen ;
thence to the unison switch; thence to the pen-rack switch, and thence to line.
It will be understood that the circuit-reversing arms 151 and 152 are identical
with the arm 86 performing a similar function in the apparatus of said former
Patent.
In the above description of circuits it has been assumed that the transmitting
instrument is connected with the distant-receiving instrument. Of course if the
pen-rack switch were so set as to connect the transmitting instrument with the
receiving instrument at the home station, thus adapting the instrument to receive
a message, the connections would be made through the pen-rack switch to the
wires d'e', respectively.
In writing the operator takes the pen A in his hand and forms the characters
in the usual manner. As the pen makes the down strokes, pulsations of
successively opposite polarity will be sent over each of the main line circuits b
and c by the operation of the interrupters B and C respectively, and a positive

page_text: "
current from battery Z will reverse each of the circuits d and e. While the
transmitting pen is making the up stroke similar pulsations will traverse the main
line circuits b, c through the action of the interrupters B and C, and a negative
current from battery Z will traverse both of the circuits d, e. The polarity of the
current in the reversing circuit d will therefore be reversed as often as reversal
occurs in the direction of movement of the transmitting pen with reference to the
interrupter B, and the polarity of the current traversing the reversing circuit e will
be reversed as often as the direction of movement of the transmitting pen with
reference to the interrupter C occurs.
The receiving instrument will now be described. The receiving pen G is, as
described in said former Patent, a writing instrument of any suitable form adapted
to record a message.
As shown herein it is a fountain pen connected by a flexible
tube of capillary bore with an ink reservoir, as described in said Patent. The pen
arms 170, 171, are, as usual, attached flexibly or jointedly with the pen, and are
each provided with a cord 93, having a turn about a drum 94. Motion is given
to the receiving pen by the revolution of these drums 94, and this revolution is
effected in correspondence with the movements of the transmitting pen by means
of the mechanism about to be described.
. The revolution of the drums to move the receiving pen is effected in my
present organisation by power derived from a motor 95, and the application of the
power of the motor to the pen drums is controlled by reversible escapements,
governed by the pulsations sent over the lines as above described. The motor may
be of any suitable construction, the form which I prefer and that shown in this
application being an electric motor. The shaft 96 of this motor is geared to a
shaft 179, from which both of the pen drums 94 receive their motion. The
shaft 179 is suitably trunnioned or journaled so as to revolve freely, and is provided
with two frictional power regulators, the form of which herein shown-to which,
however, I do not confine myself-being that of friction clutches acting
mechanically, as distinguished from action dependent upon magnetic attraction.
One of these power regulators is placed on each side of the motor, and through it
the power of the motor is transmitted to the two pen drums, respectively, and by it
the power transmitted is regulated and limited to a substantially constant portion
of the power of the motor. These regulators are shown in detail in Figures 18 and 19,
Figure 19 being a vertical sectional view. Each consists of a hub 157, which is
keyed rigidly to the shaft 179 and may be of brass. To this hub is clamped a
disk 158 of glass or equivalent material held between flange 159 of hub 157, and
a washer 11 held in place by nut 161; the glass disk being preferably provided on
each side with a gasket 45 of pliable material as rubber. The glass disk is thus
made rigid with the shaft 179, and constitutes one member of the frictional power
transmitting device. The other member consists of a frictional pad 165, secured to
the shaft 180, which shaft is in line with the shaft 179. The pads shown consist
of annular pieces of felt, chamois skin or similar material bearing respectively
upon the two faces of the disk 158, each pad being of annular form and cemented
or otherwise fastened to one of the two annular metal plates 166, 167, ribbed to
stiffen them. The plate 167 is provided with two pins 168 diametrically opposite
each other, and these pins pass through holes in a spring inetal plate 169, of circular
form and slightly bent at the line of the holes. This plate is provided_with
ears 172, 173, on a line perpendicular to a line connecting the pins 168. These
ears are perforated, and through them are passed small screw bolts 174, 175, each
provided with a head 164, which rests against one face of the lug or car through
which it passes, and the other with a screw thread engaging with an ear suitably
placed to receive it upon the plate 166. To the shaft 180 is rigidly attached a
two-armed piece 162, each of the arms of which is provided at its end with a
slot 163, each of which slots receives the head 164 of one of the bolts 174, 175.
It results in this construction that the pressure of the friction pads 165 upon the
faces of the disk 158 is regulated by the tension of the spring 169, which tension
is determined by the extent to which the bolts 174, 175, are screwed into the ears

page_text: pon the plate 166. It results from this construction that when the friction
pads 165 are clamped upon the glass disk 158, shaft 180 will rotate with the
shaft 179, unless the resistance against the rotation of the shaft 180 is greater than
the frictional adhesion between the friction pads and the glass disk, in which case
the shaft 180 will be stopped. By adjusting the pressure of the pads upon the
disk, the amount of power which can be passed from the shaft 179 to the shaft 180
can be delicately regulated.
The power of the shaft 180 is used to transmit driving force to move the
At the other end of the
receiving pen in one of two intersecting lines of motion.
motor shaft 179 is another power-regulating device, and beyond it a third shaft 181,
through which power is transmitted to drive the receiving pen in the other of the
two intersecting lines of movement. The construction of the parts connected with
each of the shafts 180, 181, are identical, and the description of those connected
with shaft 180, which will be given, may, therefore, be understood as applying also
to those connected with shaft 181. The shaft 180 carries two pairs of soft iron
disks, 178 and 182, rigidly mounted thereon. The shaft itself may be of iron or
steel or non-magnetizable material, as brass. If the shaft be of magnetizable
material, those portions thereof between each of the pairs of disks is made of non-
magnetical material. Each pair of disks corresponds to one of two magnets X'Y',
each having two coils and a horse-shoe shaped core, the ends of the core being
slotted and placed so as to embrace the shaft 180, one on each side of each pair of
disks, close to, but not in contact therewith. The magnetic circuit of each of these
magnets is made through the disks and an armature in frictional contact therewith,
the armatures consisting of two soft iron plates, respectively, 34 and 35, placed
tangentially to the disks and having a movement of rectilinear reciprocation.
These plates are guided on a rod 36, so as to slide vertically. To the plate 34 is
connected a cord 37, which passes over a pulley 39, and several times around the
shaft 38 of the pen drum, and is then attached thereto. To the armature 35.is
attached a cord 40, passing over the idle pulley 41, several times about the drum 38,
and is then attached thereto or, in place of the two cords 37, 40, a single cord
may be used, wrapped several times about the drum 38.
It will be observed that the true position of the drum 94, with reference to the
armatures 34, 35, and the cords, is shown in Figures 14, 16, 21, 22 and 23. In
the diagram, Fig. 26A, it is shown, for the sake of clearness, as on the opposite
side of shaft 180 from magnets X' Y', whereas, in fact, it is on the same side as,
and above, these magnets. The drum 38, by which the cords 37, 40 are attached,
is rigid with the pen drum 94. The latter drum is connected with the escape
wheel 42 through a clutch, one member of which is the V-toothed crown 47, and
the other the pin 48, fixed in the trunnion shaft 46, having upon it an escapement
wheel 42. The pallets 105 of this escapement wheel are attached to the armature
of a magnet H¹ (the corresponding magnet on the other side of the machine being
designated H). The angles of the faces of the escapement pallets 105, as well as
those of the faces of the escape wheel teeth, are preferably cut the same, and so
that the escapement will be reversible and operate in either direction with equal
facility upon the reversal of the strain which tends to move it. This magnet is a
polarized relay of any suitable construction. In that shown the polarization is
effected by permanent magnet 97, one end of which is attached to the iron yoke 104
which connects the cores of the two magnet coils, and the other end embraces in
close proximity the rear end of the armature 99 trunnioned in the framework. The
two members of the clutch 47, 48, are held together by the pressure of the
spring 49, one end of which bears against the hub of the escape wheel, and the other
against a loose grooved collar 50, which in turn bears against the lower end of the
drum 38. So long as the pressure of the spring 49 acts upon the collar 50 and
crowds it against the drum 38, the toothed crown 47 will be pressed against the
5 pin 48, and thereby the drums 38, 94 will be rigidly fastened to the shaft 46, and
by it are made rigid with the escape wheel, so that the strain transmitted from
the armatures 34, 35 acting upon the drum 38 will be held in restraint by escape.

page_text: wheel. Fitted to the groove in the collar 50 is a forked extension of an armature 54
trunnioned in the ordinary manner in proximity to a magnet O' (the corresponding
magnet on the opposite side of the machine being lettered O). When this magnet
is energized, it pulls down the 'armature 54, and thereby withdraws the collar 50
from contact with the drum 38, permitting the members 47, 48 of the clutch to
separate, and disconnecting the escapement, permitting, as will be hereafter pointed
out more particularly, the receiving pen to run to unison with the transmitting pen.
In order to positively pull down the drum 38, and thus open the clutch, a screw 109
may be placed upon the armature extension 54 so that its head will engage with
the flange of the drum 38 when the armature of magnet O' is drawn up.
The electrical connections of the magnets X Y, X¹ Y₁, are as follows: In each
of the reversing circuits de is one of two polarized relays J J', the armature of
which vibrates between stops 43 44, and serves as a switch to direct the current of
a local battery or into one or the other of two local circuits, and thus control
the action of the reversing mechanism. The stop 43 is connected by a wire y' with
one end of the coil of magnet Y, the other end of the coil of this magnet being
connected by wire n to a spring 51 resting upon a grounded cut-out plate 52, the
purpose of which will be hereafter described. From the stop 44 the wire leads
to one end of the coil of magnet X¹, and the other end of the same coil is con-
nected with the wire n. When the current passing through the magnet J¹ is such
that its armature 53 is held against the stop 43, it will be seen that the current of
battery traverses the coils of magnet Y¹, and thereby causes magnetism to be
excited in the disks 182, causing them in turn to attract the armature 34 and carry
it downward as they rotate, throwing a tension upon the cord 37, and giving the
drum 38 to which the cord is fastened a tendency to rotate in the direction of the
arrow. This tendency will be resisted by the engagement of the escapement
pallets 105 with the teeth of the escape wheel 42, except as revolution is permitted
by the pulsations sent over line through the main circuit c, which traverses the coils
of magnet H. Each pulsation will cause the escape pallet to vibrate and permit
the drum to rotate a distance corresponding to one-half a tooth of the escape
wheel. Meanwhile the revolution of the drum 38 has wound up the cord 40 and
lifted, more or less, according to the extent of its revolution, armature 35. The
armature 34 will continue to be drawn down, and the drum 38 will continue to
revolve in the direction of the arrow until reversal occurs in the polarity of the
current upon the reversing circuit e, and consequently a change in the position of the
armature 53 of the magnet J. When this change occurs, the current of battery r¹
will be shifted to the circuit x and will pass through magnet X¹. Armature 34
will now be released by its disks 182, and armature 35 will be gripped by its
disks 178, releasing the tension upon the cord 37, and creating a tension upon
cord 40, thus giving the drum 38 a tendency to revolve in a direction opposite to
that indicated by the arrow.
The operation of the receiving mechanism thus far described will now be
stated:
The motor shaft 179 being continuously in rotation while a message is being
transmitted, gives constant rotation to the shafts 180, 181. When one or the other
of the magnets X', Y₁ is energized, it causes a downward pull upon the cord
attached to its armature, placing the pen drum 94 under tension to revolve in one
direction or the other. This tendency to revolve will, however, be held in restraint
when the line current is on by the engagement of the escapement pallets 105 with
the teeth of the escape wheel 42, except when the armature 99 carrying the
pallets oscillates. The pulsations of successively opposite polarity sent to line
from the transmitter cause a change of magnetic polarity in the pole pieces within
the two coils of the magnet H', causing the armature 99 to be drawn first to one
side and then to the other sustaining the restraint upon the receiving pen at regular
successive intervals, and permitting the escape wheel to revolve step by step, one
step at each pulsation, in the direction in which the constant strain impels it.
When a reversal occurs in the direction of motion of the transmitting pen, the

page_text: olarity of the current in the reversing circuit is changed, the armature or the
agnet J responds to this change, and the electrical condition of magnets X' Y¹
reversed, so that the pen drum is given a tendency to reverse its direction of
evolution and the direction of movement which it imparts to the pen-carrying
rm 170, and the motion in this reverse direction will continue until another
eversal of polarity occurs in the reversing circuit.
The main circuit b being also provided with a polarized magnet H similar to the
nagnet H, and the reversing circuit d being provided with a magnet J similar
o J', and other connections and mechanism similar to those above described, the
effect of the ordinary pulsations on the main line b, and reversal of current
apon the reversing circuit d, upon the pen-carrying arm 171 operated from the
other pen arm 94, is the same as that which has just been described with reference
to the main line c and reversing circuit e and pen-carrying arm 170.
It will now be seen that, as in the apparatus described in the above-mentioned
former Patent, a movement of the transmitting pen in a direction to or from either
of the interrupters B C will cause the receiving pen to move in the same direction,
the movement of the latter pen being made up of a series of short steps; and
that the movement of the transmitting pen in a direction intermediate between
these two directions will cause the receiving pen to move in a corresponding.
direction, but with a movement made up of a number of steps taken at right angles
to, or crosswise of, each other, the relative number of steps in each direction
depending upon the obliquity of the movement of the transmitting pen.
The mechanism for raising and lowering the receiving pen is similar to that
described in said former Patent. The reversing circuits d, e, are provided at the
transmitting station with resistances R, R', and changes of strength in the
reversing circuits effected by shunting in and out these resistances are used to
operate the pen-lifting mechanism of the receiver. The writing platen at the
transmitting station is supported by an upwardly spring-pressed plate 118, which
is pivoted at 113, and has an extension beyond the pivot, 114, which carries the
contact points 154 and 156, point 154 being in the normal (elevated) position of
plate 118 in contact with the stop 153; but when the plate 118 is depressed by
the pressure of the transmitting pen in writing it swings on its pivot so as to break
contact between 153 and 154 and cause the contact point 156 on the upper side
to come into contact with the stop 155. This movement of the plate 118 under
the pressure of the transmitting pen shunts the current of circuit e around the
resistance R and the current of the circuit d through the resistance R. The
current is thus increased upon the reversing circuit e, and decreased upon the
reversing circuit d. In the circuits d and e respectively are placed at the receiving
end of the line the two relays P, P¹. The resistances R, R' are so adjusted,
with reference to the strength of the retracting springs for the armatures of
these relays, that these armatures are attracted only when the resistances are out
of circuit. The effect, therefore, of placing the transmitting pen upon the paper
is to cause the relay P to release its. armature, and the relay P₁ to attract its
armature; and the effect of raising the pen from the paper will be to cause the
relay P to attract its armature, and the relay P¹ to release its armature.
receiving pen is raised and lowered by means of two magnets S T placed one
above the other, and two local batteries vv. The armature 129 which carries
the pen rest 130 is located between the two magnets S T, and is operated by both
of them. The circuit of the magnet S passes through battery v, armature 133
of relay P¹, and its back stop 134,' wire s, contact spring 117, plate 52 and
ground. The circuit of magnet T passes through battery ', armature 132 of
relay P, its back stop 128, wire t and spring 116, plate 52, and thence to ground.
When the transmitting pen is placed upon the paper, the consequent decrease of
current in the reversing circuit d causes the magnet P to release its armature; the
magnet T is therefore energized, and at the same time the increased current in
the reversing circuite and the attraction of the armature 133 by relay P' causes the
circuit of magnet S to be broken. The armature 129 is thus depressed, carrying
B
The

page_text: with it the pen lifter 130, and dropping the pen G to the paper. The pen G will
remain in its depressed position until the transmitting pen is lifted from the paper
and the operation is reversed.
My present invention includes improvements in the paper-shifting mechanism,
and these will now be described. Referring particularly to Figures 15, 16, 24, 25
and 264, it will be seen that the paper is positively fed, and that the feeding rolls
are driven directly from the main shaft 179. This shaft is provided with a pair of
soft-iron disks 55, similar to those above described in connection with the reversing
mechanism, between which the shaft is of non-magnetic material, these pieces
being embraced by the polar extensions of a magnet V similar to the magnets
employed in the reversing mechanism. The armature 56 of the magnet V in this
case is mounted so as to reciprocate horizontally, being guided by a rear
extension 57 passing through a hole in the post 58, and pivoted at its forward end
to a lever 59, which, in turn, is pivotally mounted upon post 60, and is pushed
toward magnet V by spring 61, which is fastened at one end to the lever 59, and at
the other to an adjustable collar 62, whereby its tension may be regulated. The
paper is drawn from a roll 63 over an idler 64 by two feeding rolls 65, 66. The
upper feed roll is journaled in two arms 67, 68, fixed to and swinging upon shaft 69
journaled in the framework, the outer ends of the arms 67, 68, being held down by
springs 70, whereby the upper roll is caused to press upon the lower. The journal
of the roll 65 is prolonged through a slot 71 in the framework, and carries gear
wheel 72, which meshes with gear 73 keyed on the shaft of the lower roll 66.
The shaft 69 is provided with a handle 74 and two projecting pieces 75 engaging
with pins 76, 77, on the arms 67, 68, whereby by pressing down upon the handle 74
the roller 65 may be lifted and the paper released. Pivoted at 78 is a lever 79
carrying two spring-pressed pawls 80, 81, adapted to engage with the teeth of the
ratchet wheel 82 mounted on the shaft of the roll 66. The lower end of the
lever 79 engages with a fork formed upon the end of the lever 59. The shaft and
the disks 55 rotate in the direction of the arrow. When the magnet Vis
energized, the armature 56 is caused to adhere to the disks and is driven to the left
(Figure 24), thus causing the lower end of arni 79 to move in the opposite
direction. This movement is continued until the projection 83 carried by
the armature opens the circuit of the magnet V, as hereafter explained, and
prevents further movement of the armature in a forward direction. The armature
then recedes, the circuit of magnet V is again made, and the armature rapidly
vibrates through a small range of movement until the magnet V is again de-
energized. The forward movement of the armature 56 is such as to cause the pawl 81
to rotate the drum 66 until the pawl 80 falls behind a tooth of the wheel 82, thus
effecting an ordinary feed of the paper. The paper rolls are held in position by the
pawl 80 until the next paper feed, and as the arm 56 recedes to its normal position it
gives such movement to the pawl 80 as to rotate the roll 66 slightly, and thereby
maintain the tension upon the paper. The feeding rolls and gear wheels and other
parts of the apparatus connected with them are commonly adjusted so that each
energization of the magnet will cause the paper to be fed about the space usually
left between two lines of writing.
The circuit of magnet V passes from ground through battery r, armature 133 of
relay P, front stop 135, wires h, i, circuit maker and breaker 136, wire k, coils of
magnet V, wires l, m and p, front stop 137, of relay P, armature 132, battery to
ground. Magnet V will, therefore, only be energized when both of the relays P, P1
attract their armatures. This will only occur when there is a full current on both of
the reversing circuits, d, e. Provision is made for sending a full current to line on
both of these circuits simultaneously by means of the so-called unison switch at the
transmitting station. This switch does not differ substantially from some of those
shown in said former Patent. It consists of an arm, 89, adapted to receive the
pressure of the transmitting pen, and fixed upon a vertical shaft 90, carrying two
metal triangular lugs 91, 92, for each of which is provided a pair of springs 119, 120,
and 121, 122. Springs 119 and 121 are connected respectively to the circuit

page_text: wires d, e, and springs 120 and 122 are connected by wires a, a', respectively, with
batteries Z, Z', respectively. Lugs 91, 92, are respectively connected to wires d, e,
which run thence to the pen switch, and thence to line. The shaft 90 is normally
held by a retractile against a stop pin in the position wherein the circuits d, e, are
made respectively through the springs 121, 119. When the operator desires to
operate the unison or paper shifting mechanism at the distant station, he moves his
transmitting pen to the switch arm, and rotates the latter until the circuits d, e, are
broken through springs 119, 121, and closed through springs 120, 122. Current
now passes to line wires d, e from batteries Z Z', respectively, over wires a, a,
respectively. These currents are of full strength, since they are both independent
of resistances R, R', and, therefore, cause both of the relays, P, P1, at the receiving
station, to attract their armatures, thereby closing the circuit of magnet V and
shifting the paper.
'
Some of the advantages of this form of paper-feed mechanism are that it derives
the power for feeding the paper from the motor which operates the receiving pen ;
that it insures a certain definite feed of the paper for each operation of the paper-
shifting switch, whether the switch be held in the paper-shifting position a relatively
short or long length of time; that the length of the feed is independent of the
amount of paper on the roll, and is, therefore, uniform; that the mechanism is
definite and positive in its action, and that these results are accomplished by the
use of very simple apparatus.
When
The movements for bringing the receiving instrument to unison with the
transmitting instrument are substantially the same as have been shown in said
former Patent consisting of magnets 0 0, each of which is provided with a pivoted
armature lever 54 forked at its end and embracing a collar 50, as before stated.
Each of the magnets 00¹ is in a branch of the circuit of magnet B through the.
wires respectively o o'. These magnets are therefore only energized when the
relays PP attract their armature simultaneously, and this occurs when, and only
when, the operator moves the paper-shifting and unison switch 101.
energized, the two magnets O O' attract their armatures and depress the collars 50
(see Fig. 22) against the pressure of springs 49, causing the clutch 47, 48 to open,
and disconnecting the pen drums 94 from the escapement wheel. Each pen drum
is therefore left free to revolve under the influence of that one of the magnets X Y,
or XY', which is operative at the time, and the pen will therefore be suddenly
driven in the direction of the movement given to it by the operation of that
magnet, and will move to the limit of its motion in that direction. Both
of the pen drums 94 being simultaneously freed from restraint in this manner,
the receiving pen will spring forward in both directions. The connections of the
wires a a¹ with the batteries Z Z' are such that the currents sent over the reversing
circuits de, respectively, upon the operation of the paper-shifting and unison
switch are normal for that position of the transmitter, and cause a tendency of the
receiving pen to move toward a position corresponding to that of the transmitting
pen, while the latter is operating upon the switch lever 101; that is, as the
instrument is usually organized towards a position near the upper left-hand corner
of the receiving field. At this point it will be arrested by stops 84, 85, one of
these stops being fixed upon each of the guide rods 36, and adapted to come in
contact with lugs 86, 87 on the armatures 34, 35. It will, therefore, result that, if
the receiving pen was theretofore in advance of the transmitting pen, it will be over-
taken at its extreme point of motion by the transmitting pen at the moment of
O shifting the paper; and if the receiving pen was behind the transmitting pen, it
will overtake the latter at the same point.
-
The circuit of the motor 95 is normally closed when the instrument is in operation
through battery U, wires u¹, spring 88, and plate 52. Plate 52 operates in connec-
tion with the contact springs which bear upon it as a cut-out to prevent waste of
5 battery force when the instrument is not in operation, and operates in a similar
manner to the cut-out described in said former Patent. Two magnets L, L'are
provided, one in the circuit d, and the other in the circuit e. These magnets have

page_text: a common armature 197, having an armature lever 98 pivoted so as to swing in two
directions. The lever 98 carries a block 102 upon which is mounted the plate 52,
insulated from the lever 98. The lever 98 has a downwardly projecting pin 103
which engages with the thread of a screw 108, mounted upon the shaft 179, this
engagement being made only when the armature 197 is in its elevated position. A
spring 106 draws the armature lever 98 to the left until it comes in contact with
the collar 107, in which position all of the springs 51, 117, 116 and 88 are in con-
tact with the metallic plate 52. This position will be taken by the armature lever 98
whenever there is a current on either of the reversing circuits de, since the
attraction of either of the magnets L L' is sufficient to hold the pin 103 out of
engagement with the screw 108, and all the local circuits at the receiving station
will be complete through the springs bearing on the plate 52. When, however, the
instrument is thrown out of operation and no current traverses either of the reversing
circuits de, the armature 197 will be released, the pin 103 will engage with
the screw 108, and the armature lever 98 will be moved to the right until the
contact springs drop off from the plate 52 to the block 102 of insulating material,
thereby breaking their respective circuits. The spring 88, which controls the
motor, is preferably placed so that it is the last to leave plate 52. When, therefore,
the effective current is taken off both of the lines d e, the several local circuits at
the transmitting station, and, finally, the motor circuit itself, will, after a few
revolutions of the motor shaft, be interrupted. The springs bearing upon the
plate 52 are so adjusted with reference to it that these circuits will not be broken
in bringing the transmitting and receiving pens to unison, or in shifting the paper,
under ordinary circumstances; or, in other words, the unison point will be reached
and the paper shifted before the springs are carried off from the plates 52 to the
insulating portion of the block 102.
The apparatus has been thus far described as including only one instrument at
the transmitting station, and a receiving instrument at the distant station. It is, of
course, contemplated that each station will possess both a transmitting and a
receiving instrument, and that the line wires may be shifted from one to the other
by means of a pen-rack switch, as described in said prior Patent. Such an arrange-
ment is shown in Figure 26, the swinging of the contact pieces 109, 110, 111
and 112 connected with the pen-rack switch serving to shift line wires b, c, d, e
from the transmitting instrument to the wires b, c, d, e¹ leading to the receiving
instrument at the same station. The pen-rack switch itself is of the same general
construction as the unison switch, and does not require further description.
In
In the modification of the reversing clutch shown in Figures 30 and 31, the
magnets X Y are made in the form of spools surrounding the shaft 179 itself.
each of these magnets, spool 123, which supports the wire of the coil is bollow, and
is placed concentrically with the shaft 179, but does not revolve therewith. It is
supported by a collar 124 fastened upon a post 126. Fitted to and adapted to
revolve within the spool 123 is a soft iron core 125 fixed rigidly upon the shaft, and
carrying upon its ends soft iron disks 127. The armature 128, to which the cord
running to the pen drum is attached, bears against the peripheries of the two
disks 127. The operation of this device is the same as that of the mechanism
.already described. Of course, an equivalent construction would be to mount the
coil upon the core 125 and provide the usual means for conducting the currents
from the moving wires of the coil to the fixed circuit wires.
In the modification shown in Figures 32 and 33 the disks 138 are connected by
a soft iron sleeve 139, and are rigid with the shaft. The vertically sliding member
of the clutch is in this case the core piece itself, 140, of the magnet. In this form
the magnets may move with the core piece or may be fixed, the core piece moving
through them, as shown in Figures 32, 33, wherein the magnets X', Yare attached
to the supporting pieces 141, and their spools have openings through which the
core pieces 140 reciprocate.
While I have shown the parts of the apparatus which constitute the principal
portions of my present invention as associated with the particular forms of the

page_text: her parts of the apparatus which are shown in the drawings and described m
pecification herein, it is to be understood that I do not limit myself to their use in
ich connection, but intend to claim each novel feature, both when used in con-
ection with other devices such as herein described and shown, and when used in
onnection with any other mechanism with which they are operative.
While I prefer an electric motor as a source of power for driving the receiving
en, in that it is more readily controlled from the transmitting station than other
orms of prime motors, I do not limit myself to the use of such a motor, but may
mploy in its stead any convenient type of mechanical motor, or a weight or shaft
The term " motor
power
otated from any appropriate source of power.
nechanism," as used herein, is intended to include any and every device from which
power may be derived. It is obvious that, if preferred, two motors may be used
or operating the receiving pen, one governed by pulsations transmitted over each
circuit.
or
66
It is to be understood that in this application, as in said former Patent, the terms
"character," "writing" and "message," as herein used, include any matter, such as
pictures, maps, drawings, diagrams and arbitrary characters of all kinds, as well as
paper" includes any surface
ordinary and shorthand writing; also, that the term "
suitable for writing, or from which any writing or printing is to be traced. If, in
addition to transmitting messages in writing, it should be desired to capacitate the
mechanism to reproduce maps, diagrams and pictures, all that is necessary is to
allow the transmitting and receiving pens to have the necessary range of movement
in each direction.
In some cases it may be preferred to write the message in the form of a single
line extending along the length of a narrow ribbon of paper, as suggested in my
former Patents, and in such cases it would only be necessary to arrange the
mechanism for shifting the paper in the direction of a line of writing, instead of in
a direction perpendicular thereto.
The receiving pen may, if desired, consist of a simple pencil or tracer, and the
ink-supplying apparatus be dispensed with.
As stated in said prior Patent, the movements necessary to reproduce the message,
instead of being imparted to the receiving pen, may be wholly or in part imparted
to the paper. It is, therefore, to be understood that whenever the movement of
the receiving pen is referred to as forming the characters, that this also includes the
equivalent movement of the paper, and that a recording surface movable for the
purpose of forming characters is for the purposes of this application the equivalent
of a movable pen.
Of course it will be understood that no particular form of receiving instrument
is required for the use of those features of my present invention relating to the
O transmitter and interrupter, and that no particular form of interrupter is essential
for the use of those features of my present invention relating to the receiver. I
intend to include under the term "interrupter" every device by means of which
electric pulsations, whether successively of the same or opposite polarity, may be
produced in a circuit.
5 I do not intend to limit myself in any of my claims to the same construction of
apparatus as that herein shown and described, but I intend to include within my
claims every device and contrivance whatsoever substantially equivalent in this art
to the several structures, or the constituent elements thereof, herein claimed..
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
0 tion and in what manner the same is to be performed as communicated to me,
I declare that what I claim is :-
1. The combination of a magnet, a movable series of teeth, and a lever mounted
so that it may vibrate, and placed within the range of magnetic influence of the
nagnet, the movement of the teeth operating to make and break the magnetic
55 circuit, and thereby give a vibratory movement to the lever, and an electric circuit
controlled through the movement of the lever, substantially as set forth,

page_text: 2. The combination of a magnet, a movable series of teeth, forming, when in
.proper position, a part of the magnetic circuit of the magnet, and a vibrating
electric circuit breaker, the movement of the teeth operating to make and break
the magnetic circuit, and thereby give a vibratory movement to the electric circuit
breaker, substantially as set forth.
3. The combination of a magnet or magnets constituting two partially or wholly
independent magnetic circuits, a movable series of teeth, and a vibrating electric
circuit breaker, the movement of the teeth operating to alternately make and
break said magnetic circuits, and thereby vibrate the electric circuit breaker, sub-
stantially as set forth.
4. The combination with a lever mounted so that it may vibrate, and provided
with a bifurcated magnetizable portion, of a series of teeth adapted to attract the
magnetizable portion of the lever, and movable with reference thereto, said teeth
being so arranged with reference to the lever that as they are moved in proximity
to it the lever is caused to vibrate, substantially as set forth.
5. The combination with a lover mounted so that it may vibrate and provided
with a magnetizable portion, of a rotatory disk provided with a number of teeth
adapted to attract the magnetizable portion of the lever, said teeth being so
arranged with reference to the lever that as the disk is rotated the lever is caused
to vibrate, substantially as set forth.
6. A magnet in which one pole piece is provided with a lever mounted so that it
may vibrate, and the other pole piece is provided with a number of teeth attached
to a rotatory disk and so arranged with reference to the lever that as the disk is
rotated the lever is caused to vibrate, substantially as set forth.
7. A magnet in which one pole piece. is. provided with a lever mounted so as to
vibrate and acting as a circuit maker and breaker, and the other pole piece is
movable and provided with a number of teeth so arranged with reference to the
lever that as they are moved in proximity to it the lever is caused to vibrate,
. substantially as set forth.
8. The combination of a telautographic transmitting pen, an electric circuit, a
vibrating electric circuit maker and breaker for sending pulsations to line, and a
source of magnetic energy, and a circuit or circuits therefor serving to transmute
the movements of the transmitting pen into vibrations of the circuit maker and
breaker, substantially as set forth...
:.
9. The combination of a telautographic transmitting pen, an electric circuit, a.
circuit making and breaking lever for producing pulsations in said circuit, a source
of magnetic energy and a circuit or circuits therefor, a series of teeth connected
with the transmitting pen so as to move therewith, the movement of the teeth
operating to change said magnetic circuit or circuits, and thereby cause the circuit
making and breaking lever to vibrate, substantially as set forth.
10. The combination of a telautographic transmitting pen, an electric circuit, a
circuit making and breaking lever for producing pulsations in said circuit, said
lever being provided with a bifurcated magnetizable portion, a series of teeth
adapted to attract the magnetizable portion of the lever, and connected with the
. transmitting pen so as to move therewith, said teeth being so arranged with.
reference to the magnetizable portion of the lever that, as they are moved in
proximity to it, the lever is operated, substantially as set forth.
:
11. The combination of a telautographic transmitting pen, an electric circuit, a
circuit making and breaking lever for producing pulsations in said circuit, and a
magnet, of which the lever or a part thereof constitutes one pole piece, and the
other pole piece whereof is provided with a series of teeth connected with the
transmitting pen so as to move therewith, said teeth being so arranged with
reference to the lever that as they are moved in proximity to it the lever is operated
to produce pulsations in the circuit, substantially as set forth.
12. The combination of a motor or other power mechanism, a telautographic
receiving pen driven thereby, and a magnetic clutch, through which the power of
the motor is transmitted to the driven mechanisin, said clutch consisting of two

page_text: embers, each of magnetizable material, one having a rotatory and the other a
ctilinear motion, substantially as set forth.
13. The combination of a telautographic receiving pen, a motor or other power
echanism for driving the receiving pen, and a magnetic clutch for transmitting
ower from the motor to the pen, said clutch consisting of two members, each of
agnetizable material, one caused to rotate by the power mechanism, and the other
eceiving a rectilinear movement therefrom, substantially as described.
14. As a means for controlling the application of power, a disk or disks of
agnetizable material mounted upon the power shaft, a plate or bar of like material
ocated in proximity and tangentially to the disk, and receiving motion therefrom,
nd means for magnetically exciting the disk and plate when it is desired to
ransmit power, substantially as described.
15. The combination of a telautographic transmitting pen, a receiving pen, a
motor or other power mechanism for driving the receiving pen, power-transmitting
mechanism for conveying power to the receiving pen, consisting in part of a
magnetic clutch, one member of which is a disk of magnetizable material rotated
by the power mechanism, and the other member is a plate or bar of like material
ocated in proximity to the exterior of the disk and connected with the receiving
pen, and means operated through the movement of the transmitting pen for
magnetically exciting said disk and plate to cause movement of the receiving pen,
substantially as described.
16. As a means for transmitting power to drive the drum of a receiving pen
alternately in opposite directions, two pairs of rotating disks of magnetizable
material, two reciprocating plates or bars of like material, one placed in proximity
to each pair of disks, connections between the plates and drum whereby the plates
may be caused to drive the drum respectively in opposite directions, and means for-
alternately exciting each pair of disks to cause the power to be transmitted through
the corresponding plate, substantially as described.
17. The combination of a telautographic transmitting pen, a receiving pen, a
motor or other power mechanism for driving the receiving pen, power-transmitting
mechanism for conveying power to the receiving pen, consisting, in part, of two
magnetic clutches, one member of each of which is a pair of magnetizable disks.
rotated from the source of power, and the other member a magnetizable
reciprocating plate or bar located in proximity to the pair of disks and connected
to the receiving pen, and means operated through the movement of the transmitting.
pen for alternately magnetically exciting each pair of disks and its plate for
causing the direction of movement of the receiving pen to be reversed, in:
accordance with reversal in direction of movement of the transmitting pen,
substantially as described..
18. The combination of a telautographic transmitting pen at a transmitting
station, a receiving pen at a receiving station, electrical connections between the
two stations, mechanism for driving the receiving pen, a part of said mechanism
consisting of a magnetic clutch provided with a rotating disk or disks, and a
reciprocating plate or bar, both of magnetizable material, a magnet for controlling
the magnetic condition of said clutch, and means whereby the electrical condition
of said magnet is controlled from the transmitting station and the movements of
the receiving pen thereby affected, substantially as described.
19. The combination of a telautographic receiving pen, a motor or other power
mechanism for driving the receiving pen, a reversing mechanism consisting of two
O magnetically controlled clutches, one or the other of which is put into operation
according to the direction of motion desired for the receiving pen, and an additional
mechanism for regulating and limiting the amount of power transmitted to the
receiving pen, substantially as described.
20. The combination of a telautographic receiving pen, a motor or other source of
5 power for driving the receiving pen, a reversing mechanism for reversing the
direction of movement imparted to the receiving pen to follow similar changes in
the movement of the transmitting pen, and additional mechanism for regulating and

page_text: limiting the amount of power transmitted to the receiving pen, substantially as
described.
21. The combination of a telautographic receiving pen, a motor or other power
mechanism for driving it, and a frictional power regulator between the power
mechanism and the receiving pen, substantially as set forth.
22. The combination of a telautographic receiving pen, a motor or other source
of power for putting the same under tension to move in a given direction, an
escapement for holding the receiving pen in restraint as against said tension, and a
mechanically operating friction clutch for limiting the amount of power applied to
the receiving pen, substantially as described.
23. The combination of a telautographic receiving pen, a motor or other source
of power for putting the same under tension to move in a given direction, an
escapement for holding the receiving pen in restraint as against said tension, and a
frictional power regulator for regulating the amount of power applied to the
receiving pen, substantially as described.
t
24. The combination of a telautographic receiving-pen, a motor or other power
mechanism for driving the same, and a regulator for regulating the amount of
power applied to the receiving pen consisting of two surfaces in frictional contact,
by means of the friction between which the power is transmitted, substantially as
described.
25. In a telautograph, the combination of a motor or other source of power, a
paper-feeding mechanism driven thereby, a magnetic clutch for transmitting the
power of the motor to the feed mechanism, said clutch consisting of two pieces of
magnetizable material receiving motion one from the other when magnetically
excited, and means for controlling the magnetic condition of the clutch, and thereby
the feed of the paper, substantially as described.
26. The combination of a telautographic receiving pen, a motor or other power
mechanism for driving the same, a paper-feeding mechanism, and a magnetically
controlled clutch, through which the power of the power mechanism is transmitted
to the paper-feeding mechanism, said clutch having two members each of
magnetizable material, one member receiving motion from the other by reason of
their mutual magnetic attraction, substantially as described.
27. The combination in a telautograph of a paper-shifting mechanism, an electro-
magnet for controlling the operation thereof, and a circuit breaker for breaking the
magnet circuit when the paper shifter has moved sufficiently, the same being
operated automatically by the paper-shifting mechanism at its extreme point of
movement, substantially as described.
Dated this 6th dor of Fahr 1902
.
NEWTON & SON,
. Agents for the Applicant.