Improvements in Butter Making Churns.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 25th Nov., 1895-1ccepted, 4th Jan., 1896
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Butter Making Churns.
I, FREDERICK JOHN KNIGHT of 31 William Street, Melbourne, Colony of
Victoria, Butter Factory Manager, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be. performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The object of my invention is to provide a hand or power driven churn wherein
cream is transformed into butter in a much less time and with the expenditure of
much less labour and power than has hitherto been possible. This I accomplish
by agitating the contents of the open mouthed tub shaped churn by horizontal and
vertical diamond sectioned dasher arms of different diameters. These are rotated
in opposite directions and the circumferential velocity of. the dasher arms being
unequal causes the very rapid arrival of regularly granulated formations.of butter
of the most approved description. There may also be imparted to one of the dasher
arms a lifting and a falling motion whereby the agitation of the cream is more
thoroughly effected.
My invention consists of an open mouthed tub shaped churn mounted above a
framework placed upon the ground. Through the centre of the bottom of the
churn pass upwardly two shafts one of them being solid and the other hollow.
These are rotated in opposite directions by bevel wheels and extend almost to the
top edge of the churn. They pass through a central casing which is milk tight
with the churn bottom and onto a shoulder on the top of the solid one is rested the
plate which carries the exterior dasher arms which latter may either be straight or
curved. The plate supporting the interior dasher arms rests upon the hollow shaft
and may by a spirally inclined plane have imparted to it and therefore to the
horizontal and vertical arms an upward and downward motion.
:
But in order that my invention may be better understood I will now refer to the
accompanying sheet of drawings which are to be taken as part of this Specification
and read herewith.
Figure 1 represents a section of the churn shewing the central casing and the
hollow shaft in section.
Figure 2 is a section of the dasher arms through the dotted lines Z, Z
Figure 1.
Figure 3 represents an enlarged sectional view of the top of the solid shaft, the
hollow shaft, and the central casing surrounding. It also shows in black the keys
which drive the dasher plates and arms and in dotted lines the spirally inclined
plane whereby an upward and a downward motion is conveyed to the dasher plates
and arms.
Figure 4 represents a perspective view of the spirally inclined plane which is
fixed to the top of the central casing and is seen (though more imperfectly) but in
the same position in Figure 3.
Similar letters of reference indicate similar or corresponding parts where they
occur in the several views.
On reference to Figure 1 it is observable that on a countershaft A and driven
by pulleys (or it may equally as well be driven by a hand turned crank) is a bevel
wheel B. This gears into the corresponding wheels C and D the first one of which
is secured to the hollow shaft E and the second to the solid shaft F. This shaft F
rests and revolves upon a suitable bearing G attached to the base plate of the
machine. A collar X is fixed to the shaft F and on this rests and revolves the
:

page_text: hollow shaft E. This latter rotates within the stationary central casing H at
the top of which is secured the spirally inclined plane I (better seen in Figures 3
and 4). Resting upon this inclined plane is the plate J which slides freely up and
down the top of the hollow shaft E and is revolved by the long key L let into the
hollow shaft E. As this shaft E revolves it carries round with it not only the
plate J but also the dasher arms K the horizontal portion of which at the centre is
enlarged in the form of a ring and fits loosely around the stationary central
casing H.
By reason of the spirally inclined plane I there is also imparted to the said plate
and arms a rising and falling motion which prevents the formation of circles or
rings of current in the article under treatment.
The method of obtaining upward and downward motion of the plate J and the
arms K is almost self-evident since it is apparent that as the plate rests upon the
spirally inclined plane I it lifts itself as it revolves until it has reached that place
where the step occurs when it immediately descends and once more commences its
rising motion.
The top plate M is secured to a shoulder on the solid shaft F by the key N
and the wing nut O and as it revolves it carries with it the exterior dasher arms P
which are also enlarged so as to embrace loosely the central casing H. These
arms travel at a greater rate than and in an opposite direction to the interior
arms K and cause opposing currents to be set up thereby producing what is known
as an ideal churning action.
One of the great advantages of my churn is its accessibility since by removing
the cover and the wing nut O the whole of the interior of the machine is exposed
not only for the removal of the butter but also for the purposes of cleansing.
Though I do not bind myself to the use of straight dasher arms yet under some
conditions I find them the most effective.dependent entirely upon the conditions
under which they may be employed. The arms may be of wood or any other
suitable material but are preferably both in the vertical and horizontal portions of
diamond section though I wish it to be distinctly understood that I do not bind
myself to this or any other particular shape.
The whole operation can be seen at a glance and no gases can accumulate since
they at once escape through the hole in the centre of the cover.
Though in the drawings the horizontal dasher arms on each side of the central
casing are in the same plane yet one may be in a higher plane than its opposite
dasher. The vertical arms may also be of unequal distances from the centre by
which variations in their pathway I avoid the possibility of any stagnant rings
being formed in the material under treatment.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1st. In churns for making butter, the straight or curved diamond sectioned
horizontal and vertical dasher arms as P and K concentric with the churn, the
exterior arms revolving in one direction and the interior arms in the other
substantially as and for the purposes herein before described and illustrated.
2nd. In churns for making butter, the combination of a solid and a hollow
shaft such as F and E respectively, driven in opposite directions from outside the
churn by bevel wheels as D and C and having at the top of the said shafts the
plates as M and J carrying the straight or curved borizontal and vertical dasher
arms P and K as herein before described and illustrated.
3rd. In churns for making butter, the interior horizontal and vertical dasher
arms as before described having in addition to their rotary motion an upward and
downward motion imparted by a spirally inclined plane as I arranged as and for
the purposes hereinbefore described and illustrated."
4th. In churns for making butter and in combination; an open mouthed tub-
shaped churn having a solid and a hollow shaft driven in opposite directions from

page_text: outside the churn by bevel wheels and having plates at the top of the said shafts
which carry straight or curved diamond sectioned horizontal and vertical dasher
the interior ones of which have imparted to them by a spirally inclined plane
an upward and downward motion as and for the purposes herein before described
and illustrated.
arms,
5th. In churns for making butter the whole of the combination and arrangement
of parts as set forth in Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4 of the accompanying sheet of
drawings and constituting my "Improvements in butter making churns."
Dated this 25th day of November 1895.
W. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
31, High Holborn, London, W.C., Patent Agents for the Applicant.