IM- PROVEMENTS IN CHIMNEY TOPS OR CAPS
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jasper Capper, of Clifton Park, Birkenhead,
in the County of Chester, Accountant, for the Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN CHIMNEY TOPS OR CAPS."
Sealed the 30th August 1870, and dated the 31st March 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jasper Capper at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
31st March 1870.
I, JASPER CAPPER, of Clifton Park, Birkenhead, in the County of
Chester, Accountant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CHIMNEY TOPS OR CAPS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in constructing a chimney top or cap of four
principal parts; («) an inner cylinder, (b) an outer cylinder, (c) dividing
pieces, (d) horizontal flange, combined in the following manner :— -I
attach a cylinder to the upper termination of the chimney flue, and
to that cylinder another larger one in such manner that an annular
space is left between the two. In the said annular space I fit three or
more vertical or nearly vertical dividing pieces. These vertical pieces

page_text: project downwards below the lower end of the outer cylinder and
terminate at a horizontal or nearly horizontal flange, secured on the
outer surface of the inner cylinder. The portions above denominated
inner and outer cylinders need not be circular in horizontal section;
they may be of polygonal or irregular form, and with parallel, tapering,
or irregular sides.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Jasper Capper in the Great Scal Patent Office on
the 30th September 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JASPER
CAPPER, of Clifton Park, Birkenhead, in the County of Chester,
Accountant, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirty-first day of March, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-
third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Jasper Capper, Her special licence
that I, the said Jasper Capper, my exccutors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said Jasper Capper, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should in any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within tho
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CHIMNEY TOPS OR CAPS,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, tho said Jasper Capper, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of tho said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Jasper Capper, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying Sheet

page_text: of illustrative Drawings, and to the figures and letters marked thereon,
that is to say :-
My Invention consists in constructing chimney tops or caps, each
of four principal parts; (a) an inner cylinder, (b) an outer cylinder, (c)
dividing pieces, (d) horizontal flange, combined in the following
manner I attach a cylinder to the upper termination of the chimney
fluc, and to that cylinder another larger one, in such manner that an
annular space is left between the two. In the said annular space I fit
three or more vertical or nearly vertical dividing pieces. These vertical
pieces project downwards below the lower end of the outer cylinder, and
terminate at a horizontal or nearly horizontal flange secured on the
outer surface of the inner cylinder. The portions above denominated
inner and outer cylinders need not be circular in horizontal section; they
may be of polygonal or irregular form, and with parallel, tapering, or
irregular sides.
Chimney tops or caps constructed in accordance with my Invention
are suitable alike for use on upcast smoke flues or shafts, and on venti-
lating shafts. They may be, and usually arc, composed of a number
of pieces of metal or of terra cotta secured, fitted, or otherwise connected
together so as to form one piece before being placed in position for
use; but it will be obvious that when very large sizes are required
the parts may be secured or fitted together in the position in which
they are to be used. It will also be obvious they may be made
of other materials than those mentioned, or of metal and terra cotta in
combination.
On the Sheet of Drawings appended hereto, Figs. 1, 2, and 3 represent
a chimney top or cap, made of metal, preferably galvanized sheet iron,
suitable for an upcast smoke flue or shaft. Fig. 1 is a side elevation;
Fig. 2, a vertical section; and Fig. 3, a view looking down on the upper
end. In these views like letters denote the same parts.
a is the inner cylinder, here provided with stop pieces to prevent
it from descending too far into the flue or shaft, c the outer cylinder sup-
ported and held in position by the dividing pieces d and d'. Six of these
dividing pieces are shewn, but only the three marked d rise from the
nearly horizontal flange e upwards to the top of the cylinder a; the
other three rise from e upwards to about the lower of c. The annular
space between a and c is thereby divided into three air ways or passages,
marked. The short dividing pieces serve as wind guides, that is to

page_text: say, any air which strikes against them is guided or directed upwards
and prevented from simply blowing past or returning. The parts c, d, d',
and e arranged substantially as shewn serve the further and important
purpose of providing openings for the collection of wind from whatever
direction it may blow, and for its deflection upwards into and through
that way or passage f, which is next to the point from which the wind
blows. The result of this is the upward current through f issues with
considerable velocity at the upper end and acts as a guard or shield
to the smoke or gases issuing through a, such current serves also to
increase the flow through a by lateral induction. Down draughts are
entirely prevented by the arrangement of parts described, and in fact so
long as the external air is in motion an upward current is established
through f.
Fig. 4 represents in side elevation a sheet metal chimney top or cap
suitable for the termination of a ventilating shaft. g, inner cylinder; h,
outer cylinder; i, cover; j, dividing pieces; %, flange. In practice it
is found that this ventilating top or cap induces a continuous upward
current.
Fig. 5 is a side elevation of a terra cotta chimney top or cap. %, inner
cylinder or shaft; 1, outer cylinder; m, dividing pieces; n, flange.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and particu-
larized the same by details which answer well in practice I claim,
constructing chimney tops with the four principal parts herein mentioned
in combination substantially as set forth and illustrated.
In witness whereof, I, the said Jasper Capper, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of September, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.
In the presence of
J. T. KING,
Patent Agent,
Liverpool.
JASPER CAPPER. (L.S.)