AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINES FOR RAISING WEIGHTS, WHICH IMPROVEMENT OR IM- PROVEMENTS MAY ALSO BE APPLIED TO LATHES
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Jewsbury, of Kinver, in the County of
Stafford, Machinist, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINES FOR RAISING WEIGHTS, WHICH IMPROVEMENT OR IM-
PROVEMENTS MAY ALSO BE APPLIED TO LATHES."
Sealed the 10th February 1863, and dated the 20th November 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Jewsbury, at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th November 1862.
I, JOSEPH JEWSBURY, of Kinver, in the County of Stafford, Machinist, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT OR
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR RAISING WEIGHTS, WHICH IMPROVEMENT OR IM-
PROVEMENTS MAY ALSO BE APPLIED TO LATHES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the application to machines for raising weights,
and to lathes, of the mechanical arrangements herein-after described, by which
the motion communicated to a shaft or axis is reduced in speed and propor-
tionately increased in force in a simpler manner than by the mechanical
arrangements ordinarily employed for that purpose. I construct a crab for
raising weights as follows:-On a short axis turned by a winch or otherwise
an excentric is fixed, the said excentric carrying a pinion; the said pinion is
loose on the excentric, and a square shoulder on the said pinion engages
slot in an oscillating plate, the said pinion hence has no rotatory motion. The
said pinion is situated in and engages with a hollow toothed wheel having one

page_text: or more teeth more than the pinion. On each rotation of the axis carrying
the pinion the said pinion is carried round the hollow toothed wheel, and
causes the said toothed wheel to advance to the extent of one or more teeth.
In order still further to increase the power of the machine the arrangement
described may be repeated, that is, the hollow toothed wheel may carry an
axis, on the end of which is a second excentric carrying a second pinion in-
capable like the first of rotatory motion. The second excentric engages with
a second hollow toothed wheel, which carries a hollow axis working on the axis
of the first hollow toothed wheel. The said second toothed wheel advances to
the extent of one or more teeth during one rotation of the first toothed wheel.
The chain by which the weight is to be lifted may be wound on the hollow
axis of the second toothed wheel, or the said axis may carry a pinion engaging
with a rack.
In applying my Invention to a lathe I make an excentric on the end of
that part of the shaft carrying the' driving pulleys, the said excentric carrying
a pinion incapable of rotation. The said pinion engages in a hollow toothed
wheel on the end of the shaft of the lathe head. The motion of the pulley
shaft carries the pinion round the hollow toothed wheel, and causes it and the
lathe shaft to advance through the distance of one or more teeth on each
rotation of the pulley shaft. The lathe shaft and pulley shaft may be coupled
together, and made to rotate at the same speed by throwing out of gear the
slotted plate which engages with the square shoulder of the pinion, and con-
necting the two shafts together by a pin or otherwise.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Joseph Jewsbury in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
18th May 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
JEWSBURY, of Kinver, in the County of Stafford, Machinist, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-sixth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Joseph Jewsbury, Her special licence that I, the said Joseph
Jewsbury, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said Joseph Jewsbury, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all

page_text: times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make,.use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR RAISING WEIGHTS,
WHICH IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS MAY ALSO BE APPLIED TO LATHES," upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Joseph Jewsbury, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Jewsbury, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say:-
My Invention consists in the application to machines for raising weights,
and to lathes, of the mechanical arrangements herein-after described, by which
the motion communicated to a shaft or axis is reduced in speed and propor-
tionately increased in force in a simpler manner than by the mechanical
arrangements ordinarily employed for that purpose. I construct a crab for
raising weights as follows:-On an axis turned by a winch or otherwise an
excentric is fixed, the said excentric carrying a pinion. The said pinion is
loose on the excentric, and square shoulders or pins on the said pinion engage
in slots in an oscillating plate or arms, the said pinion hence has no rotatory
motion. The said pinion is situated in and engages with a hollow toothed
wheel having one or more teeth more than the pinion. On each rotation of
the axis carrying the pinion the said pinion is carried round the hollow toothed
wheel, and causes the said toothed wheel to advance to the extent of one or
more teeth. In order still further to increase the power of the machine the
arrangement described may be repeated, that is, the hollow toothed wheel may
carry an axis, on the end of which is a second pinion incapable like the first
of rotatory motion. The second pinion engages with a second hollow toothed
wheel, which carries a hollow axis working on the axis of the first hollow
toothed wheel. The said second toothed wheel advances to the extent of one
or more teeth during one rotation of the first toothed wheel. The chain or
rope by which the weight is to be lifted may be wound on the hollow axis of
the second toothed wheel, or the said axis may carry a pinion engaging with
a rack.

page_text: The application of my Invention to pulleys for raising weights resembles
in all essential respects its application to crabs already described..
In applying my Invention to a lathe I make an excentric on the end of
that part of the shaft carrying the driving pulleys, the said excentric carrying
a pinion incapable of rotation. The said pinion engages in a hollow toothed
wheel on the end of the shaft of the lathe head. The motion of the pulley
shaft carries the pinion round the hollow toothed wheel, and causes it and the
lathe shaft to advance through the distance of one or more teeth on each
rotation of the pulley shaft. The lathe shaft and pulley shaft may be
coupled together, and made to rotate at the same speed by throwing out of
gear the oscillating plate or arms which engage with the shoulders or pins
of the pinion, and connecting the two shafts together by a pin or otherwise.
Having explained the nature of my Invention, I will proceed to describe,
with reference to the accompanying Drawings, the manner in which the same
is to be performed.
Figure 1 represents in elevation (partly in section) a simple form of crab
constructed according to my Invention, and Figure 2 represents an elevation
of a portion of the same. The same letters indicate the same parts in
Figures 1 and 2.
An axis a carries an excentric b, which excentric 6 carries a pinion c. The
said pinion c is loose upon the excentric, and two pins d, d, on the pinion c
engage in slots in the plates or arms e. The said plates or arms e oscillate
upon centres f,f, and are capable of rising and falling simultaneously by the
stem g, on which they are supported, passing through the bracket h attached
to the frame of the crab. The oscillating arms e, e, by engaging with the
pins d, prevent the pinion c.performing a rotatory motion, but leave it free to
perform any other motion in a vertical plane. It can hence be carried round
on the excentric b, the arms e, e, oscillating on their centres f, and the rod g
rising and falling in the- bracket h. The pinion c is situated in and engages
with the hollow toothed wheel i, which said toothed wheel i has one tooth
more than the pinion c (or it may have more than one tooth more than the
said pinion). On each rotation of the axis a the pinion c is carried round.the
toothed wheel i, and causes the said toothed wheel to advance to the extent of
one tooth. The hollow toothed wheel i is fixed to the barrel or drum k, and
communicates its rotatory motion thereto, and the chain or rope by which the
weight is to be lifted is wound upon the said barrel or drum k. The rotatory
motion communicated to the axis a by means of a winch at a³ is thus com-
municated to the barrel or drum & diminished in speed but increased in force.
The power of the crab may be still further increased by means of a toothed

page_text: wheel on the shaft a, with which a pinion 'm on the axis n may be made to
gear. The winch in this case is applied to the square end of the axis n instead
of at a. The crab, Figures 1 and 2, may also be used as an ordinary crab
by throwing the arms e, e, out of gear with the pins d, d, and coupling the
barrel k to the shaft a by means of the sliding clutch o. The rotatory motion
of the shaft a is in this case communicated directly to the barrel or drum k.
The manner in which the arms e, e, may be thrown out of gear with the
pins d, d, will be understood by reference to Figure 7 and to the description
herein-after given of the said Figure 7:
.
Figure 3 represents in side elevation, and Figure 47 in vertical longitudinal
section, another crab constructed according to my Invention, the said crab
being of greater power than that represented in Figures 1 and 2. Figure 5
is an elevation of one end of the crab, Figures 3 and 4; and Figure 6 is an
elevation of the same end as Figure 5, but with the framing or end plate
removed. Figure 7 is an elevation of the working parts of the other end of
the crab, Figures 3 and 4, the said Figure 7 illustrating the manner in which
the pinion is thrown into and out of gear with the oscillating arms both of the
crab, Figures 3 and 4, and that represented in Figures 1 and 2. The crab,
Figures 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7, resembles that represented in Figures 1 and 2,
excepting that the parts for diminishing the speed and increasing the power
of the crab are double in the said Figures 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7. The same letters
of reference indicate the same parts in Figures 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7. a is the axis
or shaft to which motion is communicated by the winch a²; b is an excentric
on the shaft a; and c is a pinion carried by the excentric b. The rotation of
the pinion c is prevented by the pins d, d, engaging with the oscillating
arms e, e, turning upon the centres f, f. The rod g carrying the arms e, e, is
capable of rising and falling in the bracket h; i is the hollow toothed wheel
in which the pinion c engages. By turning the winch a² a slow rotatory
motion is communicated to the hollow toothed wheel i. The said toothed
wheel i is fixed at one end of the hollow shaft k, the other end of which shaft
carries a second excentric 6%; and on the said excentric 62 is a pinion c². This
pinion is provided with pins d' which engage with arms e² and prevent the
rotation of the said pinion. The said pinion c³ engages in a hollow toothed
wheel which is fixed on the barrel or drum k³. The motion of the winch a²
is transmitted to the drum or barrel k through the excentric 6 and pinion c to
the hollow toothed wheel i, from the hollow toothed wheel i through the
hollow shaft k to the excentric b and pinion c², and from the pinion to the
hollow toothed wheel 2 and barrel or drum k².. Each rotation of the winch a²
causes the toothed wheel i to advance through one tooth, and each rotation of

page_text: the toothed wheel i, hollow shaft k, and excentric 62 causes the hollow toothed
wheel to advance through one tooth. When it is wished that the crab shall
not have so great a power as that which it has when the parts are arranged as
described, the arms e³, e², may be thrown out of gear with the pins d² of the
pinion c, when the said pinion c² is capable of rotation. By then connecting
the barrel or drum with the hollow shaft k by means of a pin or screw
passed through the former into the latter, or by connecting them in any other
way, the said drum rotates with the hollow shaft k.
I will now describe, with reference to Figure 7; the manner in which the
pinion c², Figures 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7, as well as the pinion c, Figures 1 and 2,
is connected with and disconnected from the oscillating arms by which the
rotation of the pinion is prevented. The said arms are connected together by
means of the link p and cranked lever q. When the parts are in the position
represented in Figure 7, the pinion c² being disengaged from the arms e³, e³, is
capable of rotation, and the rotation of the excentric 62 communicates no
motion to the hollow toothed wheel . By lifting the handler of the lever q
vertically, the arms e², e³, cross piece f³, and rod 92 may be raised until the
slots in the said arms e², e³, are brought opposite to the pins d², d², of the
pinion c. By then moving the handler in a nearly horizontal direction from
the pinion c², so as to make the said handle turn upon its joint 92, the arms e², e³,
are made to approach one another, and the pins d², d, are made to engage in
the slots in the arms e, e². The rotation of the pinion c2 is thus prevented,
and the rotation of the cam 62 communicates a slow motion to the drum or
barrel. The engagement of the arms e², e³, with the pins d³, d², may be
maintained by means of a coiled spring between the two arms e, e², drawing
the said arms towards each other.
Figure 8 represents in transverse section a pulley for raising weights
constructed according to my Invention; Figure 9 is a longitudinal vertical
section of the pulley; Figure 10 is a side elevation, and Figure 11 a front.
elevation of the same; Figure 12 is a portion of the pulley with a piece of
chain passing over it. The same letters indicate the same parts in Figures 8,
9, 10, 11, and 12.
The pulley a, b, is made in two parts of the same diameter. The part a
turns on the axis c, and the part 6 turns on the excentric part d of the said
axis; the said axis c, d, is fixed in the frame e of the pulley. On the periphery
of each of the parts a, b, and near the faces thereof, projections or studs f
are made in the direction of radii. In the middle of each part and between
the studs or projections fa groove 9 is made as represented. The chain used
with the pulley.is temporarily fixed on the parts a, b, by each alternate link

page_text: of the chain engaging between the studs or projections f, and in the grooves
in the said parts, as will be understood by referring to the separate view,
Figure 12. On the inner face of the part 6 of the pulley a pinion h is
situated, and in the face of the part a a hollow toothed wheel i is made, the
said hollow toothed wheel i being provided with one tooth more than the
pinion h.
An endless chain passes over the parts a, b, in the following´
manner: Commencing with the chain on the near side of the part a, the
said chain passes over the top of the part a, descends on the distant side of
the said part a, and descending to a distance below the pulley returns forming
a loop in which a single pulley is placed, the said single pulley being attached
to the weight to be raised. The returning chain ascends on the near side
of the part b, and passing over the top of the same descends on the distant
side of the part b, and passing downwards below the pulley returns to the
near side of the part a, the point from which the course of the chain was first
described. I will call the loop in which the single pulley works the pulley
loop, and the other loop the hand loop. By pulling one or other side of the
hand loop the pulley a, b, is made to rotate. The action of the fixed excentric
d is to cause the pinion h to roll round within the hollow toothed wheel i,' the
teeth of the said pinion engaging during the rolling motion with the teeth of
the hollow wheel i, but as the wheel i has one tooth more than the pinion h,
the said pinion h performs a complete rotation during the time that the hollow
toothed wheel i is performing a rotation less the length of one tooth. Hence
the part of the pulley advances one tooth upon the part a during each
rotation, and the chain passing over the part 6 is consequently being paid out
or drawn in somewhat faster than that part of the chain which passes over the
part a. The pulley loop is thereby slowly lengthened or shortened, and the
single pulley supported in it slowly raised or allowed slowly to descend.
The action of the parts of the pulley differs in no essential respect from the
action of corresponding parts in the crab already described. In the crab the
first motion is given to the axis and excentric, the pinion on the excentric
being prevented from rotating. In the pulley the first motion is given
to the drum or pulley, the excentric being fixed and the pinion rotating
upon it.
•
Figure 13 represents a side elevation of a lathe head constructed according
to my Invention, the bolding arms or levers being removed, and Figure 14 is
a section of the lathe head taken through the line a of Figure 13. The same
letters indicate the same parts in Figures 13 and 14. On the hollow shaft b,
carrying the speed pulley c, c, I place an excentric d, the said excentric
carrying the pinion e. The said pinion e is made incapable of rotation by the

page_text: engagement of the slotted arms or levers f, g, with the pins h on the said
pinion 6. The stem i, to the top of which the arms or levers f, g, are jointed,
rises or falls in the bed k of the lathe. On the end of the lathe spindle or
shaft is a hollow toothed wheel m, with which the pinion e engages; the said
hollow toothed wheel having one more tooth than the said pinion e. By
the motion of the pulley shaft 6 the pinion e is carried round the hollow
toothed wheel m, and the lathe shaft / made to advance through the distance
of one tooth on each rotation of the said pulley shaft b, a slow rotatory motion
is thereby communicated to the said lathe shaft 1. The lathe shaft and
pulley shaft may be coupled together and made to rotate at the same
speed by throwing the arms or levers f, g, out of gear with the pins h, and
connecting the said shafts together by means of the pin n passed through them,
or in any other convenient way. The holding arms or levers f, g, are engaged
with and disengaged from the pins h, h, of the pinion in the following
manner: The said arms or levers turn on centres f*, 92, and are pressed outwards
when at liberty to move by the spring o between them. The lever g is jointed
to the end of the lever p, and the lever f is jointed to the said lever p by means
of the link q. The lever p is on one side and the link 9 on the other side
of the arm or lever f. When the lever p and link q are in the positions
represented in Figure 14, a pin r is passed through them, and the said lever
and link fastened together, and the levers f, g, thereby held in gear with
the pins h, h. By removing the pin r, and depressing the lever p into the
position indicated in dotted lines, the levers f, g, can turn on their centres,
and are pressed outwards and disengaged from the pins h by the spring o,
as indicated in dotted lines. The pinion e is then at liberty to rotate with the
pulley shaft b. This arrangement of the holding arms or levers may be applied
to the crabs herein-before described.
Although I have described and represented the hollow toothed wheel of the
crabs, pulley, and lathe head respectively as having only one tooth more than
the pinion of the said crabs, pulley, and lathe head, yet the said hollow
toothed wheels may have more than one tooth more than their respective
pinions.
Although I have only described and illustrated my improvement or improve-
ments in machines for raising weights in connection with crabs and pulleys,
yet my said Invention may be applied to machines in general for raising
weights.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in which
the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I do not limit
myself to the precise details herein described and illustrated, as the same may

page_text: be varied without departing from the nature or
vention;
as my Invention, the improvement or improvements in machines for raising
weights, and in lathes, herein-before described and illustrated in the accom-
panying Drawings, that is to say, combining or arranging the parts of the
said machines and lathes essentially in the manner herein-before described and
illustrated.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Jewsbury, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Eleventh day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three.
Witness,
THOMAS RYLAND,
Kinver.
JOSEPH JEWSBURY. (L.S.)