Improvements in Injectors.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 7th Mar., 1893-Accepted, 13th May, 1893
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
[Communicated from abroad by THE HANCOCK INSPIRATOR COMPANY, of
33, India Wharf, Boston, in the County of Suffolk, in the State of Massa-
chusetts, United States of America.]
Improvements in Injectors.
I, AMBROSE MYALL, of 21 Cockspur Street, Pall Mall, in the County of
Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:
--
This invention relates to injectors of that class in which a lifting apparatus is
combined with a forcing apparatus, and arranged with relation thereto, so that the
lifting apparatus shall take water from a well or other supply, and deliver it to the
forcing apparatus, to be forced thereby into the boiler or against a resistance even
greater than the pressure of the actuating steam, the injector being operated by the
manipulation of a single lever.
My present invention has for its object to improve and simplify the construction
of injectors of the class referred to, and in accordance with my invention, the
the injector is provided with an intermediate chamber, into which the lifter
combining tube delivers the water from the tank or well, and from which the forcer
combining tube takes its supply, which chamber is provided with a port or opening
connecting the said chamber with an overflow chamber, and controlled by an
automatically operating valve located outside of the said intermediate chamber, the
said valve in the operation of starting the apparatus being automatically opened by
the water discharged from the intermediate chamber to the overflow chamber by the
lifter, and being automatically closed when the current is sufficiently established
through the forcer combining tube to create a pressure in the overflow chamber,
and the automatic valve and its seat are located above the inlet end of the forcer
combining tube, so that, in starting the injector, the forcer combining tube shall be
flooded with water.
My invention further consists in providing an injector of the class referred to,
which has a steam admission valve and a final overflow valve and devices connecting
them, whereby, by the operation of a single lever, as the steam admission valve is
opened, the final overflow valve is gradually closed, and vice versa, with the inter-
mediate chamber and a port opening therefrom into the overflow chamber and an
automatic valve constructed, located and operating as above set forth.
My invention further consists in special features of construction, as will be
pointed out in the claims at the end of this Specification.
In the accompanying two sheets of drawings, which form part of this Specifi-
cation,
Fig. 1, is a side elevation of an injector embodying my invention.
Fig. 2, a longitudinal section of the injector shown in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3, a transverse section of the injector on the line 3-3, Fig. 2, the final over-
flow valve being shown as seated or closed, and
Fig. 4, details to be referred to.
Similar letters of reference denote similar parts throughout the drawings.
The main body or casing A, provided with steam inlet passage a, the water inlet
passage a', and water outlet a², communicating with the boiler, not herein shown,
and provided with the check valve a³, may be of any useful or well-known
construction.
The water inlet a¹ communicates with a chamber at, formed. in the casing by the
partitions a, a, a, and in which chamber is extended the discharge end of the
lifter steam jet tube a³, and the inlet end of the lifter combining tube a³..
The

page_text: lifter steam inlet tube a³, as herein shown, forms part of a threaded annular coupling
or ring a, which is screwed into a threaded opening in the partition a, and the
lifter combining tube is also provided with screw threads, which engage a threaded
opening in the partition a³, the discharge or delivery end of the lifter combining
tube terminating in a chamber a12, (which is herein called the intermediate chamber)
formed substantially near the longitudinal centre of the casing A, by the partition a³
a second partition a¹³ forming practically a continuation of the partition a³, a
partition a, and a top wall or partition a" joining the partition a¹ to the
partition a¹³.
The inlet passage to the lifter steam jet tube is provided, as herein shown, with a
conical valve seat a", with which co-operates a conical valve a, herein shown as
forming an integral part of a valve stem or rod a" provided with screw threads a20,
which engage a threaded nut or sleeve a", which is itself screwed into a bonnet or
coupling a, provided with a seat a23, against which an annular flange a on the
valve stem a is adapted to strike, to limit the forward movement of the said stem.
the said valve stem being also extended through the usual stuffing box 2, and
provided with the hand-wheel 30.
The coupling a is screwed into a threaded opening in one end of the casing A,
and forms with the annular ring of the lifter steam jet tube, a steam passage a2,
which communicates with a passage a² formed by the partitions a", a², this latter
partition being provided with an opening through which is extended a main steam
valve b, adapted to seat on the partition a28 and cut off communication between the
passage a2 and the steam inlet a.
The main steam valve b is made, as herein represented, as a wing valve having a
tubular extension b', provided with a series of holes or ports 62 arranged around its
circumference and constituting auxiliary steam inlets to the interior of the main
steam valve. The main steam valve on its interior is provided with a valve
seat b³, with which co-operates a supplemental disk valve, provided on one side
with guiding lugs or ears 65, and on its. other side with a substantially tubular
extension 66, cut away at its front portion to form an opening, and provided on its
inner circumference with an annular flange b', which forms with the disk valve b
an annular groove 6,80, (Fig. 4) into which is extended a collar 68 (Fig. 2) on the
valve steam, the latter being extended through the nut or bonnet 610 and through
the usual stuffing box 612 secured to the said nut or bonnet.
The
The wings of the main steam valve 6 form ports 14, through which the steam
may pass into the passage a leading to the steam jet tube of the lifter.
wings are secured to or form part of a piston valve, extended through a
cylindrical opening in a partition or wall 66, which cuts off the steam passage a
leading to the lifter steam jet tube, from the steam passage 617 formed by the
partition 66 and the partition a¹³, the piston valve being provided with extended
wings 618 and also with grooves, serrations or notches 6 to afford a gradually
increasing opening of the piston valve, as will be described.
-
The partition as is provided with a threaded opening, into which is screwed the
forcer steam jet tube 20, which co-operates with the forcer combining tube 21,
screwed into a threaded opening in the partition a¹.
The forcer steam jet tube communicates with the steam passage or chamber 617
and with the chamber a¹, and the forcer combining tube also communicates with
the chamber a¹, it having its inlet end terminating in the chamber a¹. The forcer
combining tube 21 terminates in a chamber 622, which is berein called the overflow
chamber formed by the main casing A and a longitudinal partition 623 connecting
the partition a¹ with the discharge end of the casing A, the partition 623 being
provided with a port or opening 64, which connects the overflow chamber 622 with
the final overflow passage 62, formed by the partition 623 and the lower part of the
casing A, the final overflow passage 62 communicating with the atmosphere through
the nozzle 628
The overflow chamber 622 is connected diretly to the intermediate chamber a¹², by
a port or opening in the partition a, which port or opening is controlled by an

page_text: automatically operating valve c', located outside of the chamber a¹ and provided
with a fluted, cylindrical stem c³, extended up into a cap or sleeve c³ screwed into a
threaded opening in the upper part of the main casing.
The cap or sleeve chas its upper end reduced in diameter to form a journal
upon which is placed a split collar or ring c normally resting upon a shoulder
of the said sleeve.
The split collar is provided with annular ears c², c³ (see Fig. 3) through which
is extended a pivot pin or rod c³ provided at one end with screw-threads, which are
engaged by a nut clo. The pivot pin c is extended through an elbow lever having
arms c, e, the arm c¹ being secured to the valve stem c¹ of a valve c¹³ controlling
the final overflow port or passage 624. The arm 12 is secured to the valve stem c
by a connection of special construction, consisting of two arms cle, c¹ (see Fig. 3)
provided at their upper ends with openings through which the connecting pin c
is passed, the said pin being provided at one end with a head ce, and at its other
end with screw-threads, which are engaged by a nut c²0.
The arms c, c, at their lower ends and on the inner sides thereof, are provided
with annular lugs (21, 22, adapted to enter annular sockets in the upper end of the
valve stem c¹, one of the said lugs being provided with an opening adapted to
receive the end of a pin 23, secured to the other arm and extended through an
opening in the valve stem c¹. The main valve stem 69 is secured to a sleeve or
hub d, loosely mounted on a rod d¹ secured to the forked arms of a main lever d²,
the said forked arms being pivotally mounted in arms d³ secured to the main casing.
The main lever d² is also connected to the arm c¹³ of the elbow lever by a connecting
link d (see Fig. 1).
As represented in Fig. 2, the valves are shown in the position they occupy when
the injector is not in operation
To operate the injector, the lever d² is first moved sufficiently in the direction
indicated by arrow 20, to draw the auxiliary or lifter steam valve 64 away from its
seat in the main steam valve b, thereby permitting steam from the main steam
inlet a to pass through the annular ports 62, into the main valve, and thence
through the ports 64, formed by the wings of the said valve, into the passage a28,
from whence the steam passes through the steam passage a2 and lifter steam
jet tube as into the lifter combining tube a³, and from thence into the intermediate
chamber a¹², from which a portion of the steam passes through the port c into the
overflow chamber 622, the valve c¹ being automatically lifted from its seat by the
force of the steam, and a portion of the steam will pass through the forcer
combining tube 6" and into the overflow chamber 622. The steam passes from
the overflow chamber 62 through the port 64, the valve being open, and
into the overflow passage 62, and thence to the atmosphere. The steam passing
through the apparatus as thus described, forces the air from the same, and
lifts the water from the well or source of supply, through the water inlet a¹
and through the lifter combining tube a into the intermediate chamber a¹³,
from whence the water follows the same course as did the steam, and, when the
water appears at the overflow 628, the lever d² should be moved further, whereby
the main steam valve b is opened, and a large quantity of steam supplied to the
lifter, and at the same time, the forcer steam valve 61 is partially opened, and the
steam passes through the notches or serrations 61 into the chamber 6" and thence
through the forcer steam jet tube 620 and the forcer combining tube 621, carrying
with it water from the intermediate chamber a¹, the water being discharged from
the overflow chamber 62, from whence it passes through the overflow port 624,
controlled by the final overflow valve c³, into the overflow passage 62, and thence
to the atmosphere through the nozzle 626
After steam has been admitted to the forcer as described, and a current of water
has been established through the forcer to the atmosphere, the valve c¹³ will be
sufficiently closed to cause a pressure in the chamber 62 in excess of the pressure
in the intermediate chamber a", which will permit the valve c' to close by gravity,
and while the injector continues to operate, it will remain closed.

page_text: The final overflow valve e¹s is connected to and operated by the lever d³ by means
of the link d and elbow lever c¹², connected to the valve stem c¹. As the lever d³
is pulled outwardly, it opens the steam valve and closes the final overflow
valve . The movements of these valves are so timed, that the final overflow
valve is being gradually closed as the forcer steam valve is being opened, and by
the time that the final overflow valve has reached its seat, the current through the
forcer combining tube will have been so well established, that it will open the
check valve a³ and pass into the boiler. This gradual closing of the final over-
flow valve creates a gradually increasing pressure in the overflow chamber 6,
which ultimately (when the final overflow valve is closed) exceeds the boiler
pressure. The intermediate overflow valve c is therefore held to its seat by
gravity, and by the excess of pressure in the overflow chamber 622 over that in the
intermediate chamber a due to the steam, which enters from the forcer steam jet
tube, and when the injector is in operation, the said valve is held to its seat by
the full boiler pressure.
The intermediate overflow port c and its valve c¹ are also so located relatively
to the inlet end of the forcer combining tube, that, when the apparatus is set in a
substantially horizontal position, as it is designed to be used, the water discharged
from the lifter into the intermediate chamber a12 must flood the inlet end of the
forcer combining tube 62, before it can escape through the intermediate overflow.
port c.
Therefore, when steam is admitted through the forcer steam jet tube 1,20
(which is not done until after the lifter has been got to work) it finds water at
once to act on, and the forcer readily starts.
The location of this intermediate overflow port and its valve relative to the
inlet end of the forcer combining tube and also to the passage from the forcer
combining tube to the final overflow port, substantially as described, constitutes
the chief improvement herein, as it is by reason of this new location assigned to
these parts, that the apparatus is made to readily and certainly start, and to
continue in operation without being disturbed by the jars and shocks to which an
instrument of this class is subjected, when used on locomotives.
I am aware that injectors of this class have been provided with an intermediate
overflow port communicating with the final overflow chamber, and provided with
an automatic valve to close the intermediate overflow port, but such prior injectors
have been so unreliable as to be commercially useless, on account of the location
of the said intermediate overflow port and its valve relatively to the inlet end of
the forcer combining tube, which, under certain conditions, permitted the water
discharged from the lifter, to run off through the forcer overflow chamber without
passing through the forcer combining tube, in which cases, the injector could not
be made to feed to the boiler, because the forcer cannot be got to start, unless
water is delivered to it at the inlet end of its combining tube.
The quantity of water raised and delivered by the lifter can be regulated to some
extent by the hand-wheel 30, carrying the conical-shaped valve a18 toward the
conical inlet for the lifter steam jet tube as, to thereby vary the area of the inlet
to said tube.
The novel construction of the valve, which controls the admission of steam to
the forcer, materially increases the ease of operating the injector, and enables it
to be started with greater certainty. As has been hereinbefore described, this
valve 615 is a piston valve capable of reciprocation in the cylindrical seat and is
provided with notches or serrations ¿¹º. These notches so register with the seat
formed in the partition 616, that when the valve is first opened, but a small quantity
of steam is permitted to pass into the forcer steam jet tube, and as it is opened
farther, a gradually increasing quantity of steam is admitted, until, when the
notches are withdrawn wholly from the seat, the valve is fully open. The steam,
thus gradually admitted, gradually imparts velocity to the water with which it
comes in contact in the forcer combining tube, and gradually increases that velocity,
and thereby, the forcer is got into operation with increased certainty and without
shock.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim, is :-
1. In a combined lifting and forcing injector, a main casing provided with a
chamber intermediate of the steam and water inlets and the overflow chamber of
the forcer, and into which the lifter discharges, and from which the forcer is
supplied with water, an overflow port from said intermediate chamber to the over-
flow chamber of the forcer, and an automatically operating valve controlling said
port and located on the outside thereof, the said valve and its seat being located
above the inlet end of the forcer combining tube, whereby the forcer combining
tube will be flooded with water in starting the apparatus, substantially as described
and shown.
2. In an injector provided with a lifter and forcer, in which the lifter delivers
water to the forcer, a port opening from the passage or chamber, into which the
lifter discharges, into the overflow chamber of the forcer, a valve which auto-
matically opens and closes said port and is located on the outside of said chamber,
a steam admission valve and a final overflow valve, and devices connecting them
with an operating lever, whereby the final overflow valve shall be gradually closed
as the steam admission valve is opened, and the overflow from the lifter shall be
automatically controlled, substantially as shown and described.
3. In a combined lifting and forcing injector, a main casing A provided with
the steam inlet a and water inlet a¹ and outlet a², partitions a, a, a', within the
casing forming a chamber a' communicating with the water inlet, partitions a¹, a¹³, a¹³,
forming the chamber a", partitions a27, a2, forming the lifter steam inlet passage a²,
the partition forming with the partition a¹³ the forcer steam inlet passage 6",
the partition 23 forming with the casing A the overflow chamber 6" and the final
overflow passage 62, the valve 61 controlling admission of steam to the passage 617,
the valve and the auxiliary valve controlling admission of steam to the
passage a, the lifter steam jet tube communicating with the passage a2 and with
the chamber a', the lifter combining tube extended through the partition a³ and
having its inlet end in the chamber a' and its outlet end in the chamber a", the
forcer steam jet tube extended through the partition a¹³ and connecting the forcer
steam inlet passage 6" with the chamber a, the forcer combining tube extended
through the partition a" and having its inlet end in the chamber a¹ and its outlet.
or discharge end extended into the overflow chamber 62, an overflow port c for the
chamber a, a valve c controlling said port located outside the chamber a¹² and
having its stem extended into a sleeve c³, a final overflow port 624 in the partition 62³,
a valve to control said final overflow port, an operating lever connected to the
steam valves, and mechanism connecting the final overflow valve with the said
lever, substantially as described.
4. In a combined lifting and forcing injector, a main casing, a sleeve c³ detachably
secured to said casing, an automatically operated valve c¹ having its stem c²
extended into said sleeve, a final overflow valve c¹ having its stem extended through
the main casing, a collar or ring mounted on the said sleeve and provided with
ears c', c, a pin or rod extended through said ears, an elbow lever mounted on said
pin, arms c, c, pivotally secured to one arm of the said elbow lever, hubs c²1, c22,
on the inner side of the said arms extended into sockets in the stem of the final
overflow valve, and a pin 23 secured to one of the said arms, and extended through
the hole in the valve stem of the final overflow valve and into a hole or socket in
the hub on the other of said arms, substantially as described.
5. In an injector, a piston valve for the admission of steam provided with notches
or serrations, as 6", substantially as and for the purpose described.
AMBROSE MYALL.