A NEW OR IMPROVED MATERIAL FOR DECORATIVE PURPOSES
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jesse Rust, of Lambeth, in the County of Surrey,
for the Invention of "A NEW OR IMPROVED MATERIAL FOR DECORATIVE
PURPOSES."
Sealed the 17th March 1868, and dated the 19th September 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jesse Rust at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th September
1867.
I, JESSE RUST, of Lambeth, in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED MATERIAL FOR.
DECORATIVE PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a new or improved compound or mixture forming
a material suitable for moulding or casting in various shapes. and designs
applicable to ornamental or decorative purposes.
I propose to take glass, by preference old or broken or waste glass on
account of cheapness, and to mix therewith as much sand as it will take up.
together with colouring matters; these materials are then to 'be melted
together in a crucible or glass furnace, and afterwards moulded by aid of
pressure; the articles so produced, whether slabs or blocks or decorative"

page_text: designs or other objects, may then be polished by means of iron and wooden
polishing wheels as used for polishing glass.
The proportions of glass and sand which I prefer to use are,-glass, one
hundredweight; sand, 30 to 40 pounds; barytes, strontian, or magnesia or
other similar earthy matter may also be used instead of sand, but sand is the
cheapest and therefore preferable.
In order to colour the material a small quantity of oxide of cobalt will
give the pattern and colour of lapis lazuli; oxide of copper will give a light
blue or a dull red, a brown, or green, according to the quantity used; oxide
of iron will give a yellow or amber colour, and oxide of manganese a brown.
Other colours or mixtures may be produced by suitable oxides.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Jesse Rust in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 19th March
1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JESSE
RUST, of Lambeth, in the County of Surrey, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirty-first year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Jesse Rust, Her special licence that I, the said Jesse Rust, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Jesse
Rust, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED MATERIAL FOR
DECORATIVE PURPOSES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Jesse
Rust, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my,
or their, or, one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six, calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
. NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Jesse Rust, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-

page_text: formed, to be particularly described, and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
My Invention relates to a new or improved compound or mixture forming
a material suitable for moulding, or casting in various shapes and designs
applicable to ornamental.or decorative purposes.
I take glass, by preference old or broken or waste glass on account of
cheapness, and mix therewith as much sand as it will take up, together with
colouring matters or. pigments; these materials are then to be melted together
in a crucible or glass furnace, and afterwards moulded by aid of pressure,
the glass being first pounded or reduced to powder, or. the glass may be
melted in a crucible or furnace and the sand added and stirred in., The
articles so produced, 'whether slabs, or blocks, or decorative designs, or other
objects, may then be polished by means of iron and wooden polishing wheels
as used for polishing glass.
The proportions of glass and sand which I prefer to use are,-glass, one
hundredweight; sand, thirty to forty pounds; but the proportions may vary
from twenty per cent. of sand to equal parts of sand and glass; the quantity
of sand used for pavement work, or for the higher parts. of buildings, or for a
reredos, should be greater than that used for decorative objects or parts of
a building nearer the eye of the spectator.
The sand mixed with glass and colouring matters gives an appearance of
stone, the materials being in the furnace or crucible for about six hours, but
if they are left for a longer time the spots or specks giving the mottled
appearance of stone would disappear, and the material resulting would
be uniform in color. Barytes, strontian, magnesia, or other earthy matter
may also be used instead of or in conjunction with sand, but sand is the
cheapest and preferable to the others.
In order to color the material a small quantity of oxide of cobalt will give
the pattern and color of lapis lazuli; oxide of copper will give brown, dull
red, green, or iron colour according to the quantity used; oxide of iron will
give a yellow or amber color, and oxide of manganese a purple and grey or
brown; the light and dark green materials mixed in the crucible will
produce the shades for malachite, and the lapis lazuli will be produced by a
similar mixture of light and dark blue. Imitations of marbles with serpentine
colors or veins may be produced by mixing the colors in the crucible or pot
at one time and moulding them into shapes and forms; other colors or
mixtures may be produced by the use of suitable oxides or pigments.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the means
by which the same is to be carried into effect, I do not limit myself to the

page_text: proportions of sand, glass, or other substances described, as the same may be
varied to suit the requirements of each particular class of object produced,
mor to the oxides described for colouring the material, as other oxides may be
used as well as pigments or coloring matters or compounds, such oxides or
pigments being used in varying proportions to suit every shade, color, or
mixture required; but what I claim is, the manufacture of a new or improved
material applicable for decorative purposes by melting glass and sand or
other earthy matter together in a crucible or furnace with the addition of
metallic oxides or other coloring matters, and moulding or casting the same
into the requisite forms, substantially as herein specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said Jesse Rust, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight.
Witness,
ALEX³. PRINCE,
Office for Patents,
No. 4, Trafalgar Square,
Charing Cross.
JESSE RUST.
(LS.