IMPROVEMENTS IN COMBINED PLOUGHS AND PULVERIZING APPARATUS
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Philip Middleton Justice, of 14, Southampion Buildings,
in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN COMBINED PLOUGHS AND PULVERIZING APPARATUS." A communication
from abroad by Charles Edgar Sackett, of Wayne Township, Mifflin County,
State of Pennsylvania, United States of America, Gentleman.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Philip Middleton Justice at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd September 1880.
PHILIP MIDDLETON JUSTICE, of 14, Southampton Buildings, in the County of
Middlesex, Patent Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN COMBINED PLOUGHS AND PUL-
VERIZING APPARATUS." A communication from abroad by Charles Edgar Sackett,
of Wayne Township, Mifflin County, State of Pennsylvania, United States of
America, Gentleman.
This Invention relates to improved apparatus for tilling the earth, which
apparatus consists of a plough of substantially the ordinary construction combined
with a revolving harrow or pulverizing device so arranged in relation to the plough
that the furrow as it is formed is turned into the pulverizer, by which it is finely.
comminuted, and then dropped into the furrow previously made. The object of
this Invention is to produce an apparatus which will perform simultaneously the
operations of ploughing and harrowing, and will pulverize and loosen the earth
more effectually than has heretofore been done. According to the general plan of
the apparatus the pulverizing wheel moves in the furrow made by a previous
passage of the plough; this wheel is connected to the plough by an axle, the inner
end of which is carried by a supporting wheel upon the land side, and is provided
with teeth projecting radially or otherwise towards the centre, and with open spaces
on the tread and furrow side, so that the earth turned into the interior of the wheel
by the plough share is carried up upon the teeth in the revolution of the wheel, and
thereby pulverized and dropped lightly into the furrow space behind the wheel.
To better and more perfectly explain the nature of this Invention reference is made
to the accompanying Drawings, in which,-
Figure 1 represents an elevation on the wheel side of the combined plough and
harrow, with the plough raised for road transportation.

page_text: Figure 2 is an elevation on the wheel side of the apparatus, with the plough
lowered ready to begin its work.
Figure 3 represents a like elevation of the plough at work, with the furrow in
section.
Figure 4 is a top or plan view of the apparatus.
Figures 5 and 6 represent the plough detached, the plough being shown in Fig. 5
in side elevation, and the wheel and harrow with connecting devices in rear
elevation.
Figure 7 is a rear view of the apparatus at work.
Figure 8 represents details of the harrowing wheel; and
Figure 9, details of the beam lever, axle, band lever, wheel casting spindle, etc.
It is preferred to use that shape of the plough and beam shown specially in the
side elevations of the first three Figures, the plough having the curved iron beam.
For the purpose of obtaining the very desirable object of readiness of attachment to
and detachment from the pulverizing mechanisin, and at the same time to secure a
proper line of draught from the plough to the pulverizer, and to secure also a flexible
connection, the plough beam is bolted at one point to an arm fixed upon the front
of the axle; this arm is represented at "a," the rear end bent at right angles being
secured to the axle by bolts 1, 1. The front end is provided with a bolt hole, which
may be made to register with any one of a series of holes 2, 2, in the plough beam,
a single bolt c passing through arm and beam securing the parts together; this also
gives the proper pivotal connection of the plough to the axle necessary in raising
and lowering, and a simple and direct forward draught from plough to pulverizing
apparatus. In order to remove-grass-or-weeds. from the surface in front of the
plough a second plough-is provided in front of the first, and on a higher plane;-this-
plough is adapted to turn a light furrow from the top into the furrow previously
mude, and the revolving pulverizer is thereby relieved from surface material, which
would clog it. This forward plough is supported on a vertical post "m
and a
bent inclined brace "n," both being bolted to the land side and braced to the
mouldboard. The brace "n' is bent laterally to bring the upper end into line with
the inside of the beam, the post being to the outside, but suficiently to the rear, so
as to furnish a rigid and well braced connection with the beam. Both are
perforated with a series of holes for adjustable connection with the beam, to which
they are held by clamps x, x, the bolts of which clasp the beam, and pass on one side
through a hole in the post or brace.
"
This construction affords a secure and simple connection to the beam, and also
braces the landside and mould board of the plough, which for the work required of
it need not be very heavy. The supporting wheel is made of the same size as the
pulverizing wheel, and is connected to the axle adjustably, so that it can be raised
or lowered in its relation to the axle. This adjustment is accomplished by mechanism,
shown in Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, but more clearly in the detail views, and on a larger
scale in Fig. 9. A segment casting B is bolted upon the end of the straight axle o
by means of check pieces 5, 5. At the point 6 on this segment casting is pivotted
a handle lever 20, to which is fixed the wheel spindle 2 at such a point that it may
be brought in line with the main axle. A bolt 7 secures the lever to the segment
at the point 6, and serves as the fulcrum, while another bolt 8 is fitted to the hole 9
in the other end of the lever, and serves to hold the lever in position at any one of
the holes 10 in the curved arm of the segmcut. The position of the lever upon the
segment determines the elevation of the wheel above the pulverizer wheel, and
consequently the depth of the furrow, it being understood that the pulverizer wheel
runs in the furrow last made, while the other wheel runs upon the land. This
construction enables the user to drive the plough readily from place to place with
greater facility, while it may be adjusted to regulate the depth of ploughing by the
change of a single bolt.
Further adjustments to raise the plough above the surface when it is to be
transported are provided in mechanism shown in the side elevations and in the
plan, Fig. 4, and more clearly in the enlarged detail views in Fig. 9. A double

page_text: armi q, formed of a single bent bar, is holted through outwardly turned ends to the
rear side of tho axle, as shown clearly at 11, 11, Fig. 9.
This lever passes
between the handles 7, r, as shown in the side elevations and in the plan, Fig. 4.
Each side of the arm provided with a series of short slots 12, 12, which, as
the arm is raised or lowered, may register successively with holes 13,13, in the
handles.
It will be apparent that the arm a forms with the double arm q a complete lover
of the first order, the weight of which is the plough suspended at the forward end,
and the fulcrum of which is the axle. The arm q being depressed, the plough is
raised above the surface for transportation. It is held in position by means of
bolts 14, 14, passing through the slots in the arms and holes in the handles.
The pulverizing wheel is preferably made in the form shown in the Drawings.
The tread of the wheel is narrower than the wheel is at the centre, it being bevelled
on the spoke side so as to be on that side of a frustro conical shape very much
flattened. This form allows the wheel to cut well down to the bottom of the
furrow, and sifts out the earth of the pulverized furrow and causes it to fall on a
slope, thus obliterating all traces of the furrow, and leaving the land as smooth as
if harrowed in the ordinary way. The wheel is built upon a strong casting E,
which consists of a hub s and flange t. The flange is preferably cast with radial
recesses 15, 15, Fig. 8, to receive the inclined bars u, which may be of any desired
shape, and which are bolted thereto, or may be dovetailed therein, and extend
radially to the rim v. The tread of wheel is formed of the two rins v¹, v, and the
cross bars w. These cross bars are formed with ends turned at right angles to give
bearings against the inner surfaces of the rims to which they are bolted. Sets of
these cross bars may be provided of different lengths, so that the tread may be
made wide or narrow according to the width of the furrow; the teeth are connected
to the rins by bolts and nuts.
They are of the form shown at y, and curved inwardly or outwardly to the wheel
from either or both rims, in order to catch and tear or break the earth at all points.
The rims are provided with a number of holes in excess of the number of teeth
ordinarily required, so that the number of teeth (they being easily removeable) may
be increased or diminished, as also the cross bars w, which by their width apart
regulate the fineness of the pulverization, or in stiff land the power required to
eflect it, or in stony land the sizes of stone that will safely pass through.
The described. construction of the wheel makes it convenient to construct it of
bar iron or steel, and consequently light and strong. The relation of this pulverizing
wheel to the plough must manifestly be such that the plough may throw the furrow
directly into the wheel as it rolls along the bottom of the furrow space, so that it
inay at once take and carry up the earth so introduced. For this purpose the edge
of the mouldboard may extend slightly into the wheel near the inner surface at the
rear, or stop parallel with the rim of the harrow wheel. The earth is thus delivered
to the teeth on their upward movement. As they approach the upper limit of
their movement and are consequently inverted, they drop the earth, which if not
then sufficiently pulverized is again carried up.
The plough is connected only to the axle at the single point heretofore described,
and can be readily detached as is necessary for opening the first furrow. The
plough in all its main features is of ordinary construction, the turn of mould board
being adapted to purposes herein before described. The handles are of ordinary
shape, only slightly modified to adapt them for connection with the lifting
mechanism heretofore described. A shield, not shown in the Drawings, is some-
times used for preventing the loose earth falling out of the open side of the
pulverizing wheel.
Having thus described the nature of this Invention, and in what manner the
same may be practically employed, I would have it understood that I do not
broadly claim the combination with a plough of a pulverizing wheel, but what I do
claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is,-
First. In a tilling apparatus, the combination with a beam. plough, of a flattened

page_text: frustro-conical pulverizing wheel adapted to move on the bottom of the forrow
last made, and to receive and pulverize the earth from the furrow by means of the
pulverizing teeth secured to the rims of said wheel, as shown and described.
Second. A pulverizing wheel adapted to operate in connection with a plough,
said wheel having an adjustable cylindrical tread and frustro conical furrow side,
substantially as described.
Third. The combination in a pulverizing wheel, of the hub-casting E, inclined
radial bars u, rims v, v², and transverse bars w, substantially as and for the
purposes described.
Fourth. The combination with rims v, v, of the transverse detachable bars w,
substantially as described.
Fifth. In a revolving wheel cultivator, inwardly projecting teeth secured to the
rims, and made adjustable therewith, substantially as described.
Sixth. In a combined ploughing and pulverizing apparatus, the combination of a
pulverizing wheel, an axle, a landside wheel, substantially of the same size as the
pulverizing wheel, and by means of the parts B and 20 connected to the axle,
substantially as and for the purpose described.
Seventh. The combination of the plough, the arm a, the axle, and the double
arın,, substantially as shown and described.
Eighth. The combination with the plough arm a and axle, with the slotted
arms perforated handles and connecting bolts, as described.
Ninth. The combination with the combined plough and pulverizing apparatus, of
the forward plough and plough beam, with the vertical post m, inclined brace n as
shown, and clamps, substantially-as-and-for_the_purpose described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Philip Middleton Justice, have hereunto set iny
hand and seal, this Twenty third day of September, in the year of-our-Lord-
1000