IMPROVEMENTS IN PLOUGHS
Year: 1882

page_text: "
LETTERS PATENT to Edmund Edwards, of the firm of Edwards and Co:- Patent
Agents and Engineers, of 40, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane in the
County of Middlesex for an Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN PLOUGHS",
communicated to him from abroad by Pierre Paul Jacotot, of Orgeux, in
the Republic of France
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edmund Edwards at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st October 1882.
EDMUND EDWARDS, of the firm of Edwards and Co:-Patent Agents and
Engineers, of 40, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of
Middlesex "IMPROVEMENTS IN PLOUGHS [communicated to him from abroad by
Pierre Paul Jacotot, of Orgeux, in the Republic of France]
"
This invention relates to improvements in ploughs, so that such improved
ploughs operate without being held, and automatically enter and leave the ground
at the beginning and end of each furrow.
A plough constructed according to this invention, is supported in front in the
usual way by wheels, the axle of which supports in the following manner a socket
through which slides the main beam or bar of the plough the upper edge of which
is provided with two longitudinal grooves. Sourrounding this beam is arranged in
an inclined position a disc or ring carried by a cross bar and hollow square socket
which is attached to and supported by the carriage, in such a manner that it can
be raised or lowered as desired, and into a conical hole in this socket fits a conical
bar to the upper end of which is fixed the socket through which the main beam
passes and is supported, this socket being of greater depth behind than in front so
that the angle of the beam as it passes through it is capable of sufficient variation.
The main beam has two longitudinal grooves on its upper edge as already
described, one at the top by which the plough is held in its proper position when
at work, and another at the side by which the plough can be fixed obliquely when
travelling or being brought to the place where it is to be used.
The two grooves are united at the end so that another front socket which slides
upon the bar may be adjusted so that a key or feather in it may fit into either

page_text: groove. The beam is pierced with a sufficient number of holes at equal distances
apart to enable the sockets to be fixed to it by two pins in front and behind. The
front socket last described is provided with a transverse bar at each extremity of
which is a pivot upon which a friction wheel or roller revolves against the inclined
disc or ring already described.
The plough is operated directly by the traction of horses, and when a furrow is
commenced it is held fixed in its proper position and penetrates the ground
properly; whilst at the end of the furrow when the horses turn and thus cause the
carriage to swivel round the conical pin which is attached to the beam as described,
the two wheels or rollers are accordingly compelled to travel upon the inclined disc
or ring and thus to twist the socket to which they are connected, and with it the
beam, so that the plough is raised from the ground by the inclination of the plane
of the disc or ring.
The depth of the furrow is determined in the ordinary way by lengthening or
shortening a chain, and moving the sockets backward and forward upon the beam.
As soon as a new furrow has been commenced, the horses draw the front carriage
by a direct pull thus causing the plough to right itself and to enter the ground for
a fresh furrow, and so on as often as required. In this way one man can do the
whole work as he has not to hold the plough for which skill is required, but only
to attend to the horses.
The improved plough may be used as an ordinary one directed by the hands,
by altering the position of the front socket so that the wheels or rollers are not
affected by the inclined wheel or disc.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Edmund Edwards in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 21st April
1883.
EDMUND EDWARDS, of the firm of Edwards and Co:- Patent Agents and
Engineers, of 40, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of
Middlesex "IMPROVEMENTS IN PLOUGHS" A communication to me from abroad
by Pierre Paul Jacotot, of Orgeux in the Republic of France
This invention relates to improvements in ploughs, so that such improved
ploughs operate without being held, and automatically enter and leave the ground
at the beginning and end of each furrow.
The accompanying drawing is in illustration of the invention, Figure 1 being a
view of the entire plough; figure 2 a front view and figure 3 a plan, of the fore
carriage; figure 4 a side view of the movement by which the position of the
plough is regulated; figure 5 a longitudinal section, and figure 6 à plan of the
same. Some of the separate parts are also shewn in detail.
A plough constructed according to this invention; is supported in front in the
usual way (as shewn in figure 1) by wheels, the axle of which supports in the
following manner a socket a through which slides the main beam or bar d of
the plough the upper edge of which is provided with two longitudinal grooves for
the purpose hereinafter described. Surrounding this beam is arranged in an
inclined position a disc or ring b carried by a crossbar and hollow square socket
which is attached to and supported by the carriage, in such a manner that it can
be raised or lowered and fixed in any position as desired, and into a conical hole in
this socket fits a conical bar to the upper end of which is fixed a socket o through
which the main beam passes and is supported, this socket being of greater depth
behind them in front so that the angle of the beam as it passes through it is
capable of sufficient variation.
The main beam & has two longitudinal grooves on or near its upper part as
shewn, one at the top by which the plough is held in its proper position when at
work, and another at the side by which the plough can be fixed obliquely when
travelling or being brought to the place where it is to be used.
The two grooves are united at the end so that the socket a which slides upon
the bar may be adjusted so that a key or feather in it may fit into either groove.
The beam is pierced with a sufficient number of holes at equal distances apart to
enable the sockets to be fixed to it in any required position by pins, one in front
and a second behind. The front socket a last described is provided with a
transverse bar at each extremity of which is a pivot upon which a friction wheel
or roller revolves (as shewn in figures 4, 5, and 6) against the inclined disc or
ring b already described.
The plough is operated directly by the traction of horses, and when a furrow is
commenced it is held fixed in its proper position and penetrates the ground
properly; whilst at the end of the furrow when the horses turn and thus cause the
carriage to swivel round the conical pin described, the two wheels or rollers
connected to the socket a are accordingly compelled to travel upon the inclined
disc or ring b and thus to twist the socket to which they are connected, and
with it the beam, so that the plough is raised from the ground by the inclination
of the plane of the disc or ring b.
The depth of the furrow is determined in the ordinary way by lengthening or
shortening a chain, and moving the sockets backward and forward upon the beam.
As soon as a new furrow has been commenced, the horses draw the front carriage

page_text: by a direct pull thus causing the plough to right itself and to enter the ground for
a fresh furrow, and so on as often as required.
In this way one man can do the whole work as he has not to hold the plough for
which skill is required, but only to attend to the horses.
The improved plough may be used as an ordinary one directed by the hands, by
altering the position of the front socket a so that the wheels or rollers are not
affected by the inclined wheel or disc b.
Having now described the invention and the manner in which it is to be
performed, I claim :-The combination of the socket sliding upon the beam of the
plough, the grooves in the beam by which it can be fixed either vertically or in an
inclined position in the socket, the inclined wheel or disc, and the cross bar and
wheels fixed to the socket and operated by the inclined wheel or disc when
required, all substantially as and for the purpose described and shewn in the
drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edmund Edwards, have hereunto set my
hand and seal this 20th day of April in the year of our Lord 1883.
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