A Process for Fixing Alumina or Chromic Oxide on Textile Fibres as Mordants particularly for Dyeing in Adrianople or Turkish Red.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 16th May, 1899-Accepted, 2nd Sept., 1899
A Process for Fixing Alumina or Chromic Oxide on Textile Fibres as
Mordants particularly for Dyeing in Adrianople or Turkish Red.
I...DR. HEINRICII VON. NIEDERHAÜSERN, of 7, Markircherstrasse, Rappoltsweiler,
Alsace, Germany, Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in. what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
It is a well-known fact that--in-order-to-obtain-a-warm-and-glowing-red--such-us
that-known as Adrianople-red-or aluminium--and--alizarine--the-certain-oils--are
required-and-for--this purpose--sulphoricinate of sodium-or of ammonia--are
genera!!-used. As however-n-proper! prepared-sulphorieinate-is--mixable-with
aluminate-of-sodium-and-forms-a clear solution,-it-has-already-been proposed-to-use
this-mixture-in-dye-works-in--order to shorten the ordinary process. By-using-a
diluted-solution-thereof,-some-fairly-good-results-may-be-obtained-with-more-or-less
trouble;-but-the-production-of-a-ren!!; beautiful and practicable-Turkish-red-is us fur
as I-know-scarcely possible by this process.
The object of this invention is a process intended as a substitute for the hitherto
used and tedious process for the production of Adrianople red in dye works, such
process permitting of fixing alumina upon textile fibres in the most simple and
economical manner. The same is chiefly based on the use of gaseous carbonic
acid, whereby the alumina is precipitated on the fibres from its alkaline solutions.
The alkaline solutions most suitable for this purpose are those of aluminate of
soda.
This process for the production of Adrianople red is carried out in the follow-
ing manner:
The fabric is soaked once in a bath containing aluminate of soda and sulphorici-
nate of sodium. The aluminate of soda is prepared in any suitable manner such
as for instance by means of sulphate of alumina and soda lyes or of alum and
soda lyes; in the latter case the solution contains sulphate of soda or of potash.
In the experiments undertaken, the aluminate of soda was produced by means
of alum and soda lyes and had a specific gravity of 15° Beaumé. For 5 litres
of aluminate of soda 500 gr. of the very best sulphoricinate of soda of commerce
was used. After a first padding the fabric-without having been first dried—
is introduced directly in a vessel or receptacle filled with carbonic acid while
at the same time a current of carbonic acid gas is directed therein. It may be
now distinctly stated that it is absolutely unnecessary to lay out or stretch the
fabric during the action of the carbonic acid, but that on the contrary the fabric
can be subjected in a folded state to the action of the carbonic acid which greatly
facilitates the subsequent dyeing process. This dyeing process cannot be carried
S.Paine 8d1
gas

page_text: out in nearly such a uniform manner with the usual. liquid fixing agent or with
a mechanical mixture of water and chalk, as can be readily ascertained by
experiment.
The chemical reaction during the carbonic acid treatment is very simple: the
carbonic acid combines with the soda forming carbonate of soda, while the
hydrated oxide of aluminium is precipitated on the fibres.
After treatment with carbonic acid the fabric is dried in an oven at a tempera-
ture of about 70° C. in order to fix the necessary quantity of sulphoricinate on
the fibres. The fabric is then washed out in order to remove the sodic salts, and
subsequently dyed and brightened.
The production of Adrianople red on a large scale is particularly simple accord-
ing to this process.
The fabric as it comes out of the padding machine is
stretched in its wet state in suitable widths in a receptacle having the shape of
a box and provided with rollers inside, carbonic acid being constantly supplied
to this receptacle. The fabric subsequently removed from the latter is placed in
an oven and afterwards in a washing trough with running water, when it is ready
to be dyed. These various operations could be made to follow one another and
the course of the process as far as concerns time depends upon the kind of fabric
requiring to be mordanted; it is obvious that a lighter material will require less
time than a heavier one.
It is also evident that loose spun fibres are equally well impregnated with
carbonic acid as woven fabrics.
The use of carbonic acid gas presents, as compared with all the processes
hitherto resorted to, advantages of the greatest importance.
The most rapid process with which I am acquainted for mordanting fabrics
for the Adrianople red dyeing process comprises at least the following steps:-
1. Two padding treatments, one for the oil and the second for the aluminate
mordant.
2. Two drying or steaming operations to fix the oil.
3. A fixing operation to fix the alumina.
4. A washing operation.
This process requires very little time, no special and costly plant and has the
following important advantages
:-
Considerable economy of time and fuel.
Excessively uniform dyeing; although the fibres are treated in a wet state by
carbonic acid, nothing is taken away from them as occurs when fixing the mordant
with dripping liquid substances. The carbonic acid has no injurious action on
the fabric nor on the machinery and apparatus used in dye works and can be
produced very cheaply.
The proportions of the chemical ingredients most obviously depend upon the
different shades of colour which it is required to produce.
As the drying has merely for its object to fix the oil, the fabric need not be
dried after having been subjected to the action of the carbonic acid, but can be
immediately washed as soon as oleaginous mordant is no further required and
hence only aluminate of soda is required by way of example.
The fixing of hydrated chromic oxide is effected in the same manner as that
of the aluminate of soda, as a solution of the former in soda lyes is acted upon
by carbonic acid in the same manner as aluminate of soda.
Instead of carbonic-ueid-gas,-sulphurous-neid-gas-or- sulphuretted hydrogen-may
be-used-in-some cases, although-as-compared-with-carbonic acid gas their-use-would
seareely-commend-itself for-obvious-rensons:
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
A process for fixing alumina or chronic oxide on textile fibres as mariunto

page_text: opre red dyeing process characterized by the precipitation
the fibres of the alumina or chromic oxide from their alkaline solutions mixed
with sulphoricinute of sodium by means of carbonic acid gas.
Dated this 15th day of May 1899.
CRUIKSHANK & FAIRWEATHER,
Chartered Patent Agents,
62, Saint Vincent Street, Glasgow, Agents for the
-

page_text: Date of Application, 16th May, 1899-Accepted, 2nd Sept., 1899
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION (AMENDED).
A Process for Fixing Alumina or Chromic Oxide on Textile Fibres as
.
Mordants particularly for Dyeing in Adrianople or Turkish Red.
I, DR. HEINRICH VON NIEDERHAUSERN, of 7, Markircherstrasse, Rappoltsweiler,
Alsace, Germany, Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
It is a well-known fact that--in-order-to-obtain-a-warm-and-glowing-red--such-us
that-known as Adrianople-red-or-aluminium--and--alizarine-lue, -certain-oils are
required and for this purpose--aphoricinute-of-sodium or of ammonia--are
generally used. As however a properly prepared-sulphorieinate-is-mixable-with
aluminate-of-sodium-and-forms a clear solution,-it-has-already-been-proposed--to-use
this-mixture in -dye-works-in-order to shorten the ordinary process. By using-a
diluted solution-thereof,-some-fairly-good-results-may-be-obtained-with-more-or-less
trouble, but the-production-of-a-really beautiful,and practicable Turkish-red-is no-tur
us I know-seareely possible-by-this process:
The object of this invention is a process intended as a substitute for the hitherto
used and tedious process for the production of Adrianople red in dye works, such
process permitting of fixing alumina upon textile fibres in the most simple and
economical manner. The same is chiefly based on the use of gaseous carbonic
acid, whereby the alumina is precipitated on the fibres from its alkaline solutions.
The alkaline solutions most suitable for this purpose are those of aluminate of
soda.
This process for the production of Adrianople red is carried out in the follow-
ing manner:
The fabric is soaked once in a bath containing aluminate of soda and sulphorici-
nate of sodium. The aluminate of soda is prepared in any suitable manner such
as for instance by means of sulphate of alumina and soda lyes or of alum and
soda lyes; in the latter case the solution contains sulphate of soda or of potash.
In the experiments undertaken, the aluminate of soda was produced by means
of alum and soda lyes and had a specific gravity of 15° Beaumé. For 5 litres
of aluminate of soda 500 gr. of the very best sulphoricinate of soda of commerce
was used.
After a first padding the fabric-without having been first dried-
is introduced directly in a vessel or receptacle filled with carbonic acid gas while
at the same time a current of carbonic acid gas is directed therein. It may be
now distinctly stated that it is absolutely unnecessary to lay out or stretch the
fabric during the action of the carbonic acid, but that on the contrary the fabric
can be subjected in a folded state to the action of the carbonic acid which greatly
facilitates the subsequent dyeing process. This dyeing process cannot be carried
077

page_text: out in nearly such a uniform manner with the usual liquid fixing agent or with
a mechanical mixture of water and chalk, as can be readily ascertained by
experiment.
The chemical reaction during the carbonic acid treatment is very simple: the
carbonic acid combines with the soda forming carbonate of soda, while the
hydrated oxide of aluminium is precipitated on the fibres.
After treatment with carbonic acid the fabric is dried in an oven at a tempera-
ture of about 70° C. in order to fix the necessary quantity of sulphoricinate on
the fibres. The fabric is then washed out in order to remove the sodic salts, and
subsequently dyed and brightened.
The production of Adrianople red on a large scale is particularly simple accord-
ing to this process. The fabric as it comes out of the padding machine is
stretched in its wet state in suitable widths in a receptacle having the shape of
a box and provided with rollers inside, carbonic acid being constantly supplied
to this receptacle. The fabric subsequently removed from the latter is placed in
an oven and afterwards in a washing trough with running water, when it is ready
to be dyed. These various operations could be made to follow one another and
the course of the process as far as concerns time depends upon the kind of fabric
requiring to be mordanted; it is obvious that a lighter material will require less
time than a heavier one.
It is also evident that loose spun fibres are equally well impregnated with
carbonic acid as woven fabrics.
The use of carbonic acid gas presents, as compared with all the processes
hitherto resorted to, advantages of the greatest importance.
The most rapid process with which I am acquainted for mordanting fabrics
for the Adrianople red dyeing process comprises at least the following steps:-
1. Two padding treatments, one for the oil and the second for the aluminate
mordant.
2. Two drying or steaming operations to fix the oil.
3. A fixing operation to fix the alumina.
4. A washing operation.
This process requires very little time, no special and costly plant and has the
following important advantages:-
Considerable economy of time and fuel.
Excessively uniform dyeing; although the fibres are treated in a wet state by
carbonic acid, nothing is taken away from them as occurs when fixing the mordant
with dripping liquid substances. The carbonic acid has no injurious action on
the fabric nor on the machinery and apparatus used in dye works and can be
produced very cheaply.
The proportions of the chemical ingredients most obviously depend upon the
different shades of colour which it is required to produce.
As the drying has merely for its object to fix the oil, the fabric need not be
dried after having been subjected to the action of the carbonic acid, but can be
immediately washed as soon as oleaginous mordant is no further required and
hence only aluminate of soda is required by way of example.
The fixing of hydrated chromic oxide is effected in the same manner as that
of the aluminate of soda, as a solution of the former in soda lyes is acted upon
by carbonic acid in the same manner as aluminate of soda.
Instead of enrbonie-acid-gas,-sulphurous-neid-gas-or-sulphuretted hydrogen-may
be-used-in-some-eases, although as compared with-carbonic acid gas their-nse-would
scarcely-commend-itself-for-obvious-reasons:
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
A process for fixing alumina or chronic oxide on textile fibres as mordants

page_text: particularly in the Adrianople red dyeing process characterized by the precipitation
on the fibres of the alumina or chromic oxide from their alkaline solutions mixed
with sulphoricinate of sodium by means of carbonic acid gas.
Dated this 15th day of May 1899.
CRUIKSHANK & FAIRWEATHER,
Chartered Patent Agents,
62, Saint Vincent Street, Glasgow, Agents for the Applicant.