A New Improved Device for Locking Nuts on Bolts, Studs, and the like.
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 27th Apr., 1897
Complete Specification Left, 18th Jan., 1898-Accepted, 5th Mar., 1898
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
A New Improved Device for Locking Nuts on Bolts, Studs, and the
like.
I, JOHN INGLEBY, of 12, Baimbrigge Road, Headingley, Leeds, in the County of
York, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to a method of locking nuts upon a bolt or other screwed
shaft, so as to prevent them becoming loose..
In order to carry out my invention, I cut a slit, channel, or key-way longi-
tudionally on the bolt or screw. This channel may be rectangular in section,
preferably of greater depth than breadth, and extend the full length of the threaded
portion of the bolt. The depth may be uniform, but I prefer to make the depth to
vary, i.e. lessen gradually from below the bottom of the threads at the end of the
bolt or screw.
When a nut is screwed on a bolt prepared with such a channel, (which may have
been cut with a milling cutter, saw cut, slotting machine or any other suitable
device), there would be at the end of the bolt or screw a clearance space between the
top of the threads of the nut and the bottom of the channel.
After the nut has been screwed home, and is in the position in which it is desired
to fix it; the thin end of a tapering drift is inserted in the clearance space, and the
drift driven in by hammering or otherwise; so cutting into the threads of the nut.
The drift may now be, withdrawn, and a key or pin of similar section driven in,
in its place; thus keying and so making the nut secure upon the bolt.
I do not confine myself to any particular shape or section of either channel, key,
pin, or drift; but generally the base (in section) of both key and drift will be the
same as that of the channel, and the taper of the key will be made to correspond
to that of the channel.
The drift may also vary in design, for instance it may be chisel shaped having
only one cutting edge at or near the end, or it may be rectangular in section,
having a series of cutting edges or the upper surface or it may be V shaped or
angular having one or more series of cutting edges, or it may even be rounded or
semi-circular. In any case the drift and the key would have approximately similar
sections. A very suitable section would be that of a rectangle modified by making
one of the sides, preferably the right side when looking at the end of the bolt,
considerably deeper than the other, as such a section would cut deeper and offer a
better resistance to unscrewing, whilst it could if the nut became slack owing to
stretching of the bolt, be withdrawn and reinserted if necessary at a shorter distance
than the width of the keyway from the first position.
The under side of the nut may be countersunk, so that there would be a space
into which the end of a soft metal key could turn up so as to fix itself more securely.
Lastly the drift for cutting the threads of the nut may be dispensed with, and the
key so formed and of sufficiently hard material as to cut its own way into the
threads of the nut, and also provided with a lipped head to facilitate its with-drawal
for reinsertion, if the nut requires tightening up.

page_text: A hardened pin or key may be driven in, as far as it will go, broken off and a
second nut screwed on to prevent it coming out. The key may be split at the end,
so as to spread out under the nut where countersunk.
This invention may be modified by cutting the channel or keyway in the nut
instead of in the bolt. Also the channel or slit may pass completely through the
bolt and the key be formed as a thin wedge projecting on both sides of the bolt.
I propose to cut the drift keys from ribbon blanks after the manner of manu-
facturing cut nails.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
A New Improved Device for Locking Nuts on Bolts, Studs, and the
like.
JOIN INGLEBY, of 12, Bainbrigge Road, Headingley, Leeds, in the County, of
York, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to a method of locking nuts and bolts or other screwed
shafts, and the like so as to prevent them becoming loose.
In order to carry out my invention I cut a slit, groove, or channel longitudionally
on or into the bolt or screw, or on the threaded portion of the nut.
The channel may be rectangular in section preferably of greater depth than
breadth, and may extend the full length or beyond the threaded part of the bolt
or screw, cutting through the threads and into the solid metal below.
The depth of the channel will generally be uniform, i.e. parallel to the axis of
the screw, but it may vary by being taper usually deepest at that end into which
the key is inserted.
When a nut has been screwed on a bolt so prepared and is ready for fixing, a
clearance space will be seen at the end between the top of the threads of the nut,
and the bottom of the channel.
Into the channel the end of a cutting drift may be inserted and driven in to cut
away a portion of the threads above the channel. The drift may now be withdrawn,
and a key or pin of a similar section driven in, in its place, thus keying, and so
securing the nut and bolt in position. Or the key or pin may be made of material
sufficiently hard, and so formed as to cut and bind itself into the nut, or screw,
without the previous use of a drift. And the nut or screw may be liberated from
its locked position either by withdrawing the key or pin, or by driving it further
in. In the one case the key would have a head to withdraw it by, in the other, it
would be driven forward by a suitably shaped punch.
and
or
The drift- the hard pointed key, or pin, may vary in design, for instance it
may be chisel, or graver shaped at the end, having only one cutting face, or it may
have a series of cutting faces saw-like on its upper edge. I prefer however in
most cases a pin or key the section of which forms a four sided figure, rectangular
as to its base, but having one of its sides, viz. the right side for right handed
screws when looking at the rear end, higher than the other. Such a section would
be formed by placing a right-angled triangle upon a square. The square can
conveniently represent the section of the channel below the bottom of the threads
of the screw, whilst the vertical side of the triangle would represent the height of
the thread.

page_text: I find that by using such a key or pin with the acute angle leading like a graver
pointed tool, it cuts and removes a small triangular piece from each thread opposed
to it as it is driven in, in a very satisfactory manner, whilst the rear portion of
such key or pin, especially if slightly tapered, is wedged into the space from which
the metal has been removed.
Such a key whilst offering very great resistance against unscrewing, also offers
great facilities for tightening up again, should stretching of the screw, or any other
cause render it necessary. The key may be withdrawn and the nut or screw
tightened up an angular distance so small as to be only equal to, or even less than
the full width of the key, and the latter again driven in, and so refixed in its new
position.
I do not however limit myself to this particular section or description of key or
pin.
If the channel or key-way is cut in the nut, the key or pin would generally have
a head or lip to withdraw it by. In some cases however a nut or screw may be
required permanently fixed. This may be done by driving a short hard pin into
the groove in the nut, or in the case of a bolt, using a pin of such length that
when flush with the nut it could not be driven further forward.
For set screws and the like it may be convenient to cut the channel or key-way
from end to end, and where there would not be room to drive the key beyond the
end of the screw, the channel may be deepened towards the end to allow it to fall
free from the opposing threads.
In any case where the nut would often have to be removed, and refixed in exactly
the same position, as for instance on the axle of a carriage, a hole may be drilled
through the bolt behind the key, and a pin, set-screw, or the like inserted as extra
security.
And in order that my invention and the manner in which the same is to be
performed may be more clearly understood I have annexed hereto the accompanying
sheet of drawings to illustrate my invention.
Fig. 1 represents in section two pieces of metal held together by a bolt A, and a
set-screw B. The nut N is secured on the bolt A by a short graver pointed pin 1',
driven into the groove G, formed on the screwed part of the bolt A. The cross-
section of the pin is shown in the end view Fig. 2, and in Fig. 5.
The set-screw B is fixed by a headed key K, of similar section driven into the
groove or key way G', which in this case is cut through the head of the screw.
It can be withdrawn by driving a wedge into the space E, between the washer W,
and the head of the key.
Fig. 3 is the end view. Fig. 4 shows a bolt A, nut N, and key K. Fig. 5 is a
key drawn to a larger scale. Fig. 6 shows a key of similar section to the last but
modified at the point. The end has such shape as would be formed by cutting a
graver point at the upper angle with a square file.
Fig. 7 is a pin with an extension at the bottom to serve as a guide. Fig. 8 is
a punch for driving short pins such as P Fig. 1, further down the channel to allow
the nut or bolt being unscrewed. It has a similar, tho' smaller, section to the pin
it is intended to follow. Such a tool of the proper size and pointed as Fig. 5
might be used as a drift where the key or pin does not cut its own way.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and the manner in which the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is;-
1, The method of locking nuts on bolts and the like by cutting a groove or
channel along such bolt, or a portion thereof, and driving in a key so shaped as
to cut away a portion of the thread of the nut and bind itself into the same sub-
stantially as described.
2, The method of locking bolts, studs, set screws, and the like by cutting a
groove along such screw or a portion thereof, through the head in the case of
and
or

page_text: bolts and set-screws, and driving in a key so shaped as to cut away a portion of the
threads or the solid material of the work to be secured and to so bind said bolt,
stud, or screw substantially as described.
3, The method of locking nuts on bolts or screws by cutting a groove along the
nut through and below the threads thereof, and driving in a key, or pin, so shaped
as to cut away, a portion of the threads of the bolt and bind itself into same sub-
stantially as described.
4, The method of locking nuts, bolts, and screws as in Claims 1, 2, and 3, by first
using a drift of the section shown in Fig. 5, to cut away a portion of the threads
opposite the channel or groove, and then inserting a key or corresponding section
substantially as described.
5, Keys or pins for fixing nuts, bolts, screws, and the like, so formed that when
driven along a groove or channel in the nut or screw, they will cut away a portion
of the thread opposite the said groove or channel and so bind as to prevent
unscrewing substantially as described.
Dad L
1711 1
T
1000