Improvements in or relating to Pneumatic 'Tyres.
Year: 1895

page_text: • Date of Application, 1st Apr., 1895
Complete Specification. Left, 1st Jan., 1896-Accepted, 15th Feb.,
1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Pneumatic 'Tyres.
We, HERBERT HADDEN, Manager of No. 192 Stoney Stanton Road, and
WILLIAM HENRY HALLIWELL, Manager of No. 25 Warwick Lane, both in the
City of Coventry in the County of Warwick, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:
Our invention relates to pneumatic tyres, such as are commonly fitted to the
wheels of velocipedes and the like, and consists in the hereinafter described method
of construction whereby such tyres may be readily attached to and detached from
the rims of wheels adapted to be fitted with them, and may be readily opened, to
effect repairs or for other purposes and closed again when required.
The rim of the wheel may be of the concave section commonly employed for the
well known Dunlop detachable tyre or of any other suitable section.
The air tube-is-separate from the cover and preferably. consists of an endless
tube of the usual construction and is provided with a suitable valve or duct.
The cover is constructed of canvas, or other suitable fabric or material and of
suitable dimensions, and is preferably protected by the usual outer covering of
or sheath
india-rubber. Each edge of the cover is provided with a suitable pocket
running continuously round it and in each sheath is enclosed a suitable wire except
that the ends of the wire project from ithe walls of the sheath through apertures
made therein at a suitable distance apart. The space at each edge of the cover
between the apertures may be bridged in any suitable manner but we prefer to pass
each wire approximately twice round each edge using sufficient length of wire for
this purpose.
We take two bars of metal or other suitable material of a length
preferably not greater than the width of the rim and of other convenient dimensions.
We pivot these two bars together centrally and form them so that the arms of one
may be brought to an angle of practically any number of degrees between 0°
and 180° with the arms-of the other.
The ends of the arms of the cross formed by these two bars are adapted to
receive the ends of the two wires, by hooks on the former engaging in loops on the
latter, or by other suitable means. The cross is adapted to connect all four ends
of the two wires, that is to say, the ends of each wire do not overlap and one end
of one wire is connected to one end of one bar, and the other end of the same
wire is connected to the end of the other bar on the same side as the cross.
Similarly, the two ends of the other wire are attached to the other two ends of the
two bars. Each end of each wire is attached to the end of the arm nearest torit,
when each arm of the cross lies diagonally to the length of the cover. Hence,.
if the arms be brought towards a position transverse to the cover the ends of the
two wires will be drawn towards each other, each to.each and the circumference of
the cover at its edges will be contracted; and if the arms be brought towards a
position Jongitudinal to the cover, the wires will be.relaxed and the edges of the
cover will be extended. We make the amount of such contraction and extension
sufficient to allow the cover to be passed on to and off from the rim, and the
movements of the cross are actuated by the inflation and deflation of the air tube.
To attach the tyre to the rim the air tube is placed in position thereon, and,
the wires being relaxed, the cover is. readily adjusted over the air tube, with, the
edges directed within the concavity of the rim. The air tube is then inflated and

page_text: its distension forces the edges of the cover to the sides of the rim, in th
neighbourhood of the cross and elsewhere. The ends of the wires are also draw:
towards the sides of the rim and with them the ends of the arms of the cross; the
arms being thus brought towards the transverse position the wires are tightened
and the cover, and hence the tyre, is attached to the rim. On deflation, the edges
of the cover readily come together and the arms of the cross move towards the
longitudinal position: the wires being thereby relaxed the tyre may be readily
opened or detached, as required.
The apertures in the walls of each sheath are preferably situated at a distance
apart corresponding to the length of the arms of the cross and they may be
strengthened by metal eyelets or otherwise if desired. The arms of the cross may
be pivotted upon the stem or other convenient part of the valve or duct, or may
be provided with an independent pivot. The cross is adapted to lie between the
air tube and the rim and a canvas flap or other suitable provision may be made
for protecting the air tube from the cross and exposed parts of the wire.
Dated this 30th day of March 1895.
W. BESTWICK MAXFIELD,
Applicants' Agent.
Improvements in or relating to Pneumatic Tyres.
We, HERBERT HADDEN, Manufacturer, now of No. 147, but formerly of
No. 192, Stoney Stanton Road, and WILLIAM HENRY HALLIWELL, Manager,
now of No. 40 Bailey Lane, but formerly of No. 25 Warwick Lane, all in the
City of Coventry in the County of Warwick, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
Our invention relates to pneumatic tyres such as are commonly fitted to the
wheels of velocipedes and the like, and consists of the hereinafter described
method of construction whereby such tyres may be readily attached to and
detached from the rims of wheels adapted to be fitted with them and may be
readily opened to effect repairs or for other purposes and closed again when
required.
And in order that our invention may be fully understood we will, in describing
the same, refer to the appended illustrative drawings which show the general
construction and arrangement of the parts which we prefer to adopt in carrying
out our invention; but we do not confine ourselves to the exact details shown
therein as they may be varied without exceeding the limits of our invention.
Figure 1 is a transverse section (on the line - in Figure II) through part of
a tyre cover constructed according to our invention and fitted to a rim. The air-
tube and sleeve hereinafter referred to are omitted for the sake of clearness.
Figure II is a plan of the said part of the tyre viewed from the underside, the
arms of the cross hereinafter described lying transversely to the length of the
cover.
Figure III is a similar view, with the arms of the cross lying longitudinally
with the length of the cover.
Like numerals refer to like parts throughout the drawings.
The rim 2 of the wheel may be of the concave section commonly employed for
the well-known Dunlop detachable tyre or of any other suitable section.
The air-tube 3 is separate from the cover 4 and preferably consists of an endless
sube of the ordinary construction and is provided with a suitable valve or duct.
The cover 4 is constructed of Sea-island cotton canvas or other suitable fabric
or material and of suitable dimensions and is preferably protected by the usual.

page_text: outer covering 6 of india-rubber. Each edge of the cover is provided with a
suitable pocket or sheath 7, 7 running continuously round it and in each sheath is
enclosed a suitable wire 8, 9 except that the ends 10, 11, 12 and 13 thereof
project through the walls of the sheath, 7, 7 through apertures 14, 14 made therein
at a suitable distance, say five inches, apart. The space at each edge of the
cover between the apertures may be bridged in any suitable well-known manner
but we prefer to pass each wire 8, 9 approximately twice round each edge of the
cover (indicated partly by dotted lines in Figure III), using sufficient length of
wire for this purpose.
We take two bars 15, 16 of metal or other suitable material of a length
preferably not greater than the width of the rim and of other convenient
dimensions. We pivot (17) these two bars together centrally one on the other so
that the arms of one may be brought to an angle of practically any number of
degrees between 0° and 180° with the arms of the other. The cross thus formed is
usually curved and is otherwise adapted to lie in the rim 2 under the airtube 3, and
the four ends of the two arms or bars are adapted to receive the four
ends 10, 11, 12, 13, of the two wires 8, 9 by hooks on the former engaging in loops
on the latter or by other suitable means, such as passing the ends of the wires down
through holes formed in the ends of the arms and bending them back on
themselves into hooks. The hooks formed by the ends of one wire, say the
ends 10, 11 of the wire 8, are preferably soldered into loops, but the ends of the
other wire are preferably left free as hooks, so that they may be detached from
the cross when it is desired to remove the airtube entirely from the cover.
protect the air-tube against the cross and ends of the wires we prefer to thread on
to the airtube, before its ends are joined, a seamless canvas sleeve 18 of suitable
diameter and say 6 inches long; and to thread a small rubber sleeve 19 over each.
loop or hook of the wire, placing the said sleeve on the wire before the loop or
hook is made and then sliding it back over such loop or hook after the connection
with the cross is effected. One of the sleeves 19 is shown drawn back and the
hook end 12 disconnected from the cross in Figure III. The cross is adapted
to connect all four ends of the two wires so that one end of one wire is
connected to one end of one bar, and the other end of the same wire is connected
to the end of the other bar on the same side of the cross as shown. Similarly the
two ends of the other wire are attached to the other two ends of the two bars.
Each end of each wire is attached to the end of the arm nearest to it when
To
each arm of the cross lies diagonally to the length of the cover. Hence if the arms.
be brought towards a position transverse to the cover as shown in Figure II
the ends of the two wires will be drawn towards each other, each to each, and
the circumference of the cover at its edges will be contracted, and if the arms
be brought towards a position longitudinal with the cover, as shown in Figure III,
the wires will be relaxed and the edges of the cover will be extended. We make
the amount of such contraction sufficient to hold the cover firmly on the rim
when the tyre is inflated and the amount of such extension sufficient to allow the
cover to be passed on to or off from the rim, when deflated, but not too freely, so
as to minimise the risk of the tyre leaving the rim accidently when deflated; and
the movements of the cross are actuated by the inflation and deflation of the
air-tube.
To attach the tyre to the rim 2 part of the airtube 3 is placed in the cover 4
before the ends 12, 13 are hooked to the cross. The said ends are then hooked to
the cross so that the airtube is encircied at the one point by the arch of the cover;
the projecting ends of the wires, and the cross. The sleeves 19 are drawn over the
hooks, and the airtube placed on the rim. The valve is placed in position in the
rim and the sleeve 18 drawn over the part of the air tube opposite the cross.
cover is adjusted over the airtube with the edges 7 directed within the concavity of
the rim. The airtube is then inflated and its distension forces the edges of the
cover to the sides of the rim, in the neighbourhood of the cross and elsewhere.
The ends 10, 11, & 12, 13 of the wires are also drawn towards the respective sides of
The

page_text: the rim and with them the ends of the arins of the cross; the arms 15, 16 being
thus brought towards the transverse position the wires are tightened and the cover,
and hence the tyre, is attached to the rim. On deflation the edges of the cover
readily come together and the arms of the cross move towards a longitudinal
position and the wires being thereby relaxed, the tyre may be readily opened or
detached as required in the well-known manner.
The apertures 14 in the walls of the sheaths 7, 7 are preferably situated at a
greater or less-distance apart according to the length of the arms 15, 16 of the
cross, and they may be strengthened by metal eyelets or otherwise if desired.
The arms of the cross may be pivotted upon the stem or other convenient part of
the valve or duct instead of being provided with an independent pivot 17, as
shown.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. The hereinbefore described means for securing a pneumatic tyre to a wheel
rim, consisting of wires enclosed, except as to their end. portions; in the edges of
the tyre cover, and of two bars pivotted together to form a cross, to the ends of
which bars the ends of the said wires are attached, so that on inflation of the tyre
the bars are drawn into a transverse position and the wires tightened sufficiently to
hold the said cover firmly on the said rim; and so that on deflation of the tyre the
said bars relapse into or may be readily drawn into a longitudinal position and the
wires relax sufficiently to allow the said cover to be passed on to or off from
the said rim, substantially as set forth.
2. In a pneumatic tyred wheel, the combination with the rim, airtube and cover,
of two wires such as 8, 9 and of two bars such as. 15, 16 pivotted together to form
a cross, all combined, arranged and operating substantially as herein described and
illustrated.
Dated this 31st day of December 1895.
G. DOUGLAS LEECHMAN,
Agent for the Applicants.