Improvements in Apparatus for Use in the Manufacture of Butter.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 14th Aug., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 14th June, 1895-Accepted, 20th July, 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Use in the Manufacture of Butter.
I, JOHN HENRY HILL DUNCAN, of 39 Coleman Street, in the City of London,
Chartered Accountant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention has reference to improvements in apparatus for use in the
manufacture of butter and especially to apparatus of the kind in which cream
contained within a vessel is converted into butter by being subjected to the action
of one or more rotary discs by which the cream is picked up and is thrown off by
centrifugal force against a hood or the like.
In one arrangement according to my invention there is rotatably mounted upon a
suitable frame a circular vessel to contain the cream to be converted into butter
into which extends an inclined rotary spindle having attached perpendicularly
thereto a disc, the arrangement preferably being such that the disc rotates at an
angle of about 45° to the bottom of the cream containing vessel the lower portion
of the disc projecting into or towards the angle formed between the bottom and
circular vertical wall of the vessel. The inclined disc spindle is mounted in a
bearing fixed in the frame of the apparatus, and is preferably furnished with a
friction or bevel pinion that gears with a friction or bevel wheel mounted on a stud
fixed to the frame and turned by a crank handle.
A removable hood constructed so as to cover the upper portion of the disc is
provided; it may consist of a structure adapted to be supported diametrically
within the circular vessel, comprising a vertical splash board having fixed to its
upper portion, at a suitable angle therewith, a board against which the cream is
thrown, and which has hinged to it a second splash board that extends, when
turned down, over the upper portion of the disc. The spindle or a sleeve (con-
veniently of wood) carried upon it is arranged to bear on the edge of the vessel so
that as the disc spindle is driven it rotates the vessel by the friction between its
edge and the spindle or its sleeve the cream being thrown outwards by the centrifugal
force of the rotating cream vessel towards its sides. It will thus be understood
that the disc always works in the deepest part of the cream, that all the cream is
brought under the action of the dise and that, owing to the centrifugal action and
to the active current induced by the disc being directed into the angular portion
of the vessel stagnation and consequent non-conversion of the cream at those parts
is prevented.
Although I prefer to employ a rotary disc, dashers, or beaters, wheels with
blades or paddles and other devices for picking up the cream may be employed in
the manner described. More than one disc or the like may in some cases be
employed in one vessel.
If desired the disc spindle may be provided with a friction or bevel pinion and
the cream vessel have attached to its edge a friction or bevel wheel adapted to
gear therewith, either the disc spindle or the circular vessel being connected with
suitable driving gear as may be preferred. In the latter case the driving gear
might be arranged beneath the cream vessel, or said vessel might be driven by
means of a central vertical spindle.
For the purpose of drying the butter granules formed, a basket for containing
the same lined with muslin, and with or without a lid, is provided; it is adapted to

page_text: be placed within the circular vessel and is or may be formed with a flange the
arrangement being such that when the basket is placed within the vessel and
fastened in position by means of one or more screws or the like, there will be a
space of say one inch below it and all round it. For the purpose of enabling the
vessel with the basket therein to be driven at the requisite speed to cause any
water contained in the butter granules within the basket to be thrown out by
centrifugal force a special driving arrangement is provided comprising an endless
cord or band passing around a pulley attached to the spindle of the crank handle
and around a pulley on the rotatable spindle on which the circular vessel is mounted,
adjustable pulleys being provided for guiding said cord or band.
For washing the butter, the system described in the Specification of Letters
Patent granted to me dated 6th December 1892, No. 22386, may be adopted or
the circular vessel may be half filled with water and a lid or cover with a large
opening in the centre secured, it may be by means of buttons, thereto; it is then
rapidly revolved by the just described driving arrangement, the lid preventing
splashing.
For the purpose of enabling the butter to be worked in the same apparatus
I mount upon a spindle that is carried by an arm pivoted to the frame of the
apparatus a fluted, helically grooved or plain roller, preferably conical; the
arrangement being such that when the hood is removed from the circular vessel
the roller can be caused to assume a position therein such that as the same revolves,
it will be caused to roll and work any butter lying between it and the bottom of
the vessel. The disc may also operate at same time as a butter worker, pressing,
mixing and cutting furrows in the butter as it passes under it.
As will be obvious the means I employ for rotating the disc spindle and the
cream containing vessel may be variously modified and in some cases the said
vessel may be of other form in plan than circular, and may be arranged in an inclined
manner instead of vertically. Moreover, the inclined disc may be worked in a
stationary vessel and also the disc and hood may be made movable and caused to
revolve about a central pivot, the disc spindle being maintained in contact with the
edge of the circular vessel.
Improvements in Apparatus for Use in the Manufacture of Butter.
I, JOHN HENRY HILL DUNCAN, of 39 Coleman Street, in the City of London,
Chartered Accountant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :-
This invention has reference to improvements in apparatus for use in the
manufacture of butter and especially to apparatus of the kind in which cream
contained within a vessel is converted into butter by being subjected to the action
of one or more rotary discs by which the cream is picked up and is thrown off by
centrifugal force against a hood or the like.
In the accompanying drawings,
Fig. 1 is a central vertical section showing apparatus constructed according to
this invention adapted for use as a churn and Fig. 2 is a plan thereof, but with the
hood or cover shown in dotted lines.
In this arrangement, 1 is a circular vessel to contain the cream to be converted
into butter. It is rotatably mounted upon a suitable frame 2 for which purpose it

page_text: is provided at its bottom with a spindle 3 that extends through a guide 4 and is
carried by a footstep bearing 5. Into this vessel extends an inclined rotary
spindle 6 that has attached perpendicularly thereto a disc 7, the arrangement
preferably being such that the disc rotates at an angle of about 45° to the bottom
of the vessel 1, the lower portion of the disc projecting into or towards the angle 8
formed between the bottom and circular vertical wall of the vessel. The inclined
disc spindle 6 is mounted in a bearing 9 that is fixed in the frame 2 and is
provided with a removable cap 9" to permit of the spindle and dise being quickly
removed. The spindle is furnished with a toothed pinion 10 that gears with a
bevel wheel 11 fixed on a stud 12 mounted in the said frame and adapted to be
turned by a crank handle 13. Or friction wheels may be used for the toothed
wheels 10 and 11.
For the purpose of covering the upper portion of the disc 7 and offering an
abutment against which cream can be thrown by the said disc and concussed, there
is provided a removable hood or cover which may consist of a structure adapted
to be supported diametrically within the circular vessel, and comprising, as shown,
a vertical splash board 14 having fixed to its upper portion, at a suitable angle
therewith, a board 15 against which the cream is thrown, and which has hinged to
it a second splash board 16 that extends, when turned down, over the upper portion
of the disc as shown. This hood may conveniently be supported in the position
shown, by extensions 15 of the board 15 which are arranged to rest in inclined
slots in wooden uprights 17 removably attached to the frame 2 by screws and.
wing-nuts 18.
The spindle 6 or, as shown, a sleeve 6* (conveniently of wood or of layers of
leather as shown) carried upon it, is arranged to bear on the edge 1 of the vessel
so that, as the disc spindle 6 is driven, it will rotate the vessel by reason of the
friction between its edge and the spindle or its sleeve, with the result that cream
within the rotating vessel 1 will be thrown outwards by centrifugal force towards
the inner side of the said vessel. It will thus be understood that the disc 7 always
works in the deepest part of the cream, that all the cream is brought under the
action of the disc, and that, owing to the centrifugal action and to the active
current induced by the disc being directed into the angular portion of the vessel,
stagnation and consequent non-conversion of the cream at this part is prevented.
Although I prefer to employ a rotary disc 7 as shown, dashers or beaters,
wheels with blades or paddles and other devices such as are now well understood
for picking up the cream, may be employed in the manner described. If desired,
more than one disc 7, or its equivalent, may be employed in the vessel 1, the said
discs or equivalent being arranged to project towards the angle 8 between the
bottom and side of the vessel, at different points thereof.
If desired, the disc spindle 6 may be provided with a friction or bevel pinion in
lieu of the sleeve 6", and the cream vessel 1 may have attached to its edge, a
corresponding friction or bevel wheel adapted to gear with that on the spindle,
either the disc spindle or the circular vessel being connected with suitable driving
gear as may be preferred. In the latter case the driving gear might be arranged
beneath the cream vessel, as shown in Fig. 3, where 19 is a bevel wheel fixed upon
a shaft 20 mounted in bearings 21 in the frame 2 and adapted to be rotated by a
crank-handle, the said bevel wheel gearing with a bevel wheel 22 fixed to the
lower side of the vessel 1. Or the said vessel might be driven by means of a
central vertical spindle, as will be readily understood.
For washing the butter granules formed in the apparatus herein before described,
the system described in the Specification of Letters Patent granted to me dated
6th December 1892, No. 22386, may be adopted, the washing water being placed
in the vessel 1, and this vessel and the disc 7 being rotated as before, but not at so
Or the
high a speed as to throw the water outward against the hood or cover.
with a
vessel
may be partly filled with water and a tightly fitting lid or cover,
large opening in the centre, be secured thereto, after which it is rapidly revolved,
the lid or cover preventing splashing.

page_text: For the purpose of drying the butter granules after they have been washed, a
basket for containing the same, lined with muslin, and with or without a lid, is
provided. This basket is adapted to be placed within the vessel 1, after the disc
and spindle have been removed, and is or may be formed with a flange, the
arrangement being such that when the basket is placed within the vessel and
fastened in position, it may be by means of one or more screws or the like, there
will be a space of say one inch below it and all round it. This arrangement is
shown in Fig. 4 which is a similar view to Fig. 1, but with the disc 7 removed and
replaced by a basket 23 which is provided with a flange 24 whereby it can be
supported upon a ledge 1ª on the inner side of the vessel 1, so as to leave a space 25
all around and beneath it, an elastic cushion, formed conveniently by a rubber
tube 26, being preferably arranged between the said flange and ledge. The
basket 23 is preferably provided with a cover 27.
For the purpose of enabling the vessel 1 with the basket 23 therein, to be
driven at the requisite speed to cause any water contained in the butter granules
within the basket to be thrown out by centrifugal force, a special driving arrange-
ment is or may be provided comprising an endless cord or band 28,
around
passing
a pulley 29 attached to the spindle 12 of the crank bandle 13, conveniently by
being formed in one with the driving wheel 11 as shown, and around a pulley 30
fixed on the spindle 3 on which the vessel 1 is mounted or formed in one with a
disc 30* fixed to the underside of the vessel as in the arrangement shown, adjust-
able pulleys 31 being provided for guiding the said cord or band. This cord or
band driving arrangement may be used for rotating the vessel 1 when washing the
butter granules therein. Usually however, I prefer to rotate the vessel 1 by
gearing such as shown in Fig. 3.
For the purpose of enabling the butter to be worked in the same apparatus,
I mount upon a spindle 32 that is carried by an arm or bracket 33 pivoted at 34
to the frame 2 of the apparatus, as shown in Figs. 1 4 and 5, a roller 35 that
may be fluted, helically grooved or plain, and is preferably conical, the arrange-
ment being such that when the hood 14, 15 16 Fig. 1, is removed from the vessel 1,
the roller 34 can, by rotating the arm or bracket 33 about its pivot at 34, be
caused to assume such a position within the said vessel, as shown in Fig. 5, that as
the same revolves, it will be caused to roll and work any butter lying between it
and the bottom of the vessel. The disc 7 may also operate at the same time as a
butter worker, pressing, mixing and cutting furrows in the butter as the same
passes under it.
As will be obvious, the means I employ for rotating the disc spindle and the
cream containing vessel 1 can be variously modified. Also in some cases the said
vessel may be of other form in plan than circular, and may be arranged in an
inclined manner instead of vertically. Moreover, the inclined disc may be worked
in a stationary vessel, the disc or equivalent and hood being made movable and
caused to revolve about a central pivot, and the disc spindle or the sleeve or wheel
thereon being maintained in contact with the edge of the circular vessel, so that
the disc or its equivalent besides rotating about its own axis, will travel around in
the corner or angular space 8 between the bottom and side of the vessel as it
does in effect in the apparatus herein before described with reference to and shown
in Figs. 1 and 2.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. Apparatus for making butter in which a rotary disc or other rotary body
such as herein referred to, is arranged within a cream containing vessel in such a
way as to project into or towards the corner or angular space between the bottom
and side of the vessel, and the disc or other rotary body and vessel are so relatively
moved that the former, besides rotating about its own axis, travels around in the
said corner or angular space between the bottom and side of the said vessel and

page_text: within the cream therein, substantially as herein described for the purpose
specified.
2. Apparatus for use in the manufacture of butter, comprising a vessel mounted
to rotate, a disc or other rotary body such as herein referred to mounted to rotate
about an axis inclined to the vessel so that it projects towards or into the angle
between the bottom and side of the vessel, a hood cover or guard above the disc
or rotary body, and means for simultaneously imparting rotary motion to the said
vessel and to the disc or other rotary body, the arrangement being such that when
the apparatus is in use, cream within the vessel will accumulate, under the action
of centrifugal force, towards the side of the vessel and beneath the lower edge of
the disc or other rotary body which will dip into it, whereby thorough circulation
and rapid conversion of the whole of the cream can be effected, substantially as
herein described.
3. Apparatus of the kind referred to in the preceding claim in which the disc or
other rotary body is carried by an inclined rotary spindle in driving connection
with the rotary vessel so that rotary motion imparted to the one will be transmitted
to the other, substantially as herein described.
4. Apparatus for use in the manufacture of butter, comprising a vessel mounted
to rotate, a roller carried by an arm or bracket by which it can be moved into and
held within the said vessel, and means for rotating the vessel, the arrangement
being such that upon placing the roller into the vessel and rotating the latter,
butter placed upon the bottom of the vessel will be worked by the said roller,
substantially as herein described, whether or not an inclined disc or other rotary
body be also provided in the vessel to further work the butter as set forth.
5. Apparatus for use in the manufacture of butter, constructed, arranged and
operating as hereinbefore described with reference to and shown in Figs. 1 2 and 3
of the drawings annexed, or modified according to Fig. 4, or according to Fig. 5,
so that the apparatus is not only adapted for use as a churn or as a butter-washer,
but also as a butter-dryer, and as a butter-worker, as set forth.
Dated this 14th day of June 1895.
For the Applicant,
W. LLOYD WISE,
46 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Chartered Patent Agent.