CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SPIKES
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Moses Bayliss, of the Firm of Bayliss, Jones,
and Bayliss, of Victoria Works, Monmore Green, Wolverhampton,
in the County of Stafford, and Cannon Street, in the City of
London, Nut, Bolt, and Spike Manufacturers, for the Invention of
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Moses Bayliss at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
23rd April 1870.
I, MOSES BAYLISS, of the Firm of Bayliss, Jones, and Bayliss, of
Victoria Works, Monmore Green, Wolverhampton, in the County of
Stafford, and Cannon Street, in the City of London, Nut, Bolt, and
Spike Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention
for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SPIKES," to be as follows
(that is to say) :—
My Invention, as hereafter shown, refers entirely to the forming of
heads on the shanks of spikes already formed in accordance with a
Patent granted to me October 31st 1865, No. 2806; notwithstanding the

page_text: same appliances slightly modified in the finishing details are also
applicable for heading ordinary bolts and spikes either square, hexagonal,
or otherwise; and my Invention consists of a suitable stand with a
concentric axis for receiving a revolving table with cavities formed in
it, which cavities are placed in regular order from the centre for
receiving the unheaded shank in a heated condition, which table being
made to rotate by suitable palls and clutches, brings the heated shank
into the desired position for being wholly or partially headed; but by
preference I partially form the head in this position, and move the
shank on to the next stage to be finished, an elevating apparatus being
brought into action for elevating the shank sufficiently for that purpose;
and that portion of the shank above the surface of the table is gripped
by lateral squeezers, which form the head and retire, when by means of
an eccentric attached to the main driving shaft a vertical planishing tool
is caused to descend to complete and finish the head, the elevating
apparatus before mentioned deriving its motion from the main shaft by
means of an eccentric arm. The head so formed completes the spike,
and as the table divisionally revolves the next shank in rotation is
operated on until the finished spikes are brought around, either to be
removed by the attendant or ejected or partially ejected by the elevating
apparatus before mentioned.
From this description it will be seen that it is only necessary to alter
or modify the shape of the lateral squeezers and vertical heading tools
to give a different form and character to the head according to the
description of spike to be manufactured.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Moses Bayliss in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 22nd October 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, MOSES
BAYLISS, of the Firm of Bayliss, Jones, and Bayliss, of Victoria Works, 3
Monmore Green, Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford, and
Cannon Street, in the City of London, Nut, Bolt, and Spike Manu-
facturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of April, in the year

page_text: of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-
third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Moses Bayliss, Her special licence that I,
the said Moses Bayliss, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Moses Bayliss, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF SPIKES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Moses Bayliss, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Moses Bayliss, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement (that is to say) :—
My Invention as herein-after shown refers entirely to the forming of
heads on the shanks of spikes already formed in accordance with a
Patent granted to me October 31st 1865, No. 2806; notwithstanding the
same appliances slightly modified in the finishing details are also
applicable for heading ordinary bolts and spikes, either square, hexagonel,
or otherwise; and my Invention consists of a suitable iron stand with a
concentric axis for receiving a revolving table with cavities formed in
it, which cavities are placed in regular radial order from the centre for
receiving the unheaded shanks in a heated condition, which table being
made to rotate by suitable palls and clutches brings in succession the
heated shank into the desired position for being wholly or partially
headed, but by preference I partially form the head in this position, and
move the shank still in the cavity of the revolving table around to the
next stage to be finished, an elevating apparatus being brought into
action for elevating the shank sufficiently for that purpose, and that
portion of the shank above the surface of the die is gripped by lateral
squeezers which form the head and retire, when by means of an eccentric
attached to the main driving shaft a vertical planishing tool is caused to

page_text: descend to complete and finish the head, the elevating apparatus before-
mentioned deriving its motion from the main shaft by means of an
eccentric arm. The head so formed completes the spike, and as the
table is caused to divisionally revolve and pause like the escapement of
a watch and held by a strong pull while the operations are successively
performed, the next shank in rotation is operated on until the finished
spikes are brought around, either to be removed by the attendant or
ejected or partially ejected by the elevating apparatus before mentioned.
From this description it will be seen that it is only necessary to alter
or modify the shape of the lateral squeezers and vertical heading tools
to give a different form and character to the head, according to the
description of spike desired to be manufactured.
But to facilitate my description I will refer to the Drawings hereunto
annexed, and to the Figures and letters marked thercon, observing that
in the various views and details I have marked the same parts as they
occur with the same letter of reference.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 is a front view or elevation with the relative parts and motions
in a state of rest ready for performing the several operations herein-
after described; and Fig. 2 is a side view of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a back
view of Fig. 1; and Fig. 4 a transverse section taken through the dotted
lines A, A, of former Figures; B, B, are the main side standards or
supports of the machine formed of cast iron, held together by strong
stays tapped and screwed at the ends marked a, a; the said side sup-
ports B, B, rest on cast-iron sole plates marked C, C, which are bolted
down to sleepers, stone, or masonry to form the foundation, as the
machine in its entirety is of considerable weight, as may be computed,
the Drawings being made to a scale of one and a half inchs to the foot,
the sides are held down on the sole plate by being keyed or wedged
between dovetail projections; D is a main shaft working in carriages
secured on a set-off in the sides or standards, and this shaft carries loose
and fast driving pullies marked E and F, also a pinion marked G, which
gears with the larger tooth wheel marked H; the relative proportion of
these toothed wheels or speed is that of four to one, the shaft or axis J of
the large wheel H works through corresponding holes in the side standards
but which axis has a crank formed on it between the two supports, the
-throw of which limits the action of the rise and fall of the vertical

page_text: connecting rod K and sliding picce marked L, L, L, and to the lower
surface of this vertical sliding piece the tools herein-after to be referred
to are secured. The axis of the shaft J carries an eccentric on cach
side, best seen at M, Figure 2, to which is connected the arms N, N,
and through vertical slots at the bottom end of the side supports a strong
cross bar marked P is attached to the connecting rods N, N; that as the
shaft J revolves the eccentrics give motion to the arms N, N, and cause
the bar P to work up and down at each revolution of the large toothed
wheel H, the eccentric M on the left-hand side of Figure 1 has a strong
projecting stud secured to it marked b, on which an adjustable arm or
rod is secured, marked c, c, the lower end of this rod engages itself with
a rock plate marked d, which works on an axis marked e working in
journeys marked Q, as shewn in Figures 2, 3, and 4. To a stud on the
rock motion d, marked f, a rod passes, shewn in the transverse section
Figure 4, marked g, and which rod slides forward and backward carrying
the pall h, to which a lever handle k is attached working on the axis
that carries the pall marked i, the use of which will be hereafter referred
to. On a strong vertical pin or axis, clearly defined in Figures 1 and 3,
marked R, a revolving table works, and which table is seen in side view
at Figures 1, 2, and 3, and in a top view at Figure 4, marked S, S, S;
this table is radially divided or arranged for ten distinct pulsating move-
ments in its revolution by its periphery being divided into ten teeth
forming a circular ratchet, as also by ten perforations equidistant from
the centre for receiving the dies marked 1, 1, 1, &c., Figure 4, which dies
give form to the head. These dies as exhibited at Figure 4, are arranged
for heading what is technically known as dog-head spikes, but it will be
readily seen that by substituting other dies than those here represented
with attendant parts, other shaped heads may be as conveniently formed.
It is the ratchet of this table that is worked by the action of the
eccentric b and slide 9, 9, to which the pall h is attached, before referred
to, the eccentric d being sufficient in its throw to advance the arm g
forward with the pall h, that it may take in the next notch of the table
and carry it back in succession as at Figure 4, in order that the clutch
top m may be brought into action by the elastic force of the bow spring
seen in edge view at Figures 1 and 3 and in flat view at Figure 2,
marked n. This is effected by the eccentric M on the right-hand side
of the machine, as seen at Figure 1, to the descending arm of which
eccentric a wedge piece marked p is fastened, which acts on a strong
arm working on an axis at O, Figure 1, and so fashioned as to permit

page_text: the wedge p to descend and force the arm T sufficiently away from the
right-hand side of the machine to withdraw the clutch top marked m
from a corresponding recess in the revolving table that retains the said
table in its exact position during the time the dies advance for giving
form to the head. At the rear of the table to a strong cross piece U is
placed a pair of lateral squeezers V and W, which are shewn in plan at
Figure 4, and work on the axis q, by which means a retiring motion is
given to the squeezer W from the axis being on one side. The effect of
this is to advance the squeezer W forward, pressing the bolt that is being
headed on the back side where the head forms a plane with the shank.
The meeting surfaces of the squeezers are shaped to the exact form of
the head of the spike when finished, an angle portion of the squeezer V
encompassing the front, as shewn in dotted lines, but for better define-
ment have exhibited the squeezers as if closed on the head of a spike in
a detached top view at Figure 5. In the section Figure 4 they are
represented open, as the central eccentric X on the shaft J is now at
its highest throw, and has elevated the outer ends of the links shewn
partly in dotted lines at r, r, which are elevated by being secured to the
part L, and as these links are attached to the squeezers it is evident that
as the part L descends with the throw of the cam the squeezers will be
brought in contact with their work, or in other words, forge or form the
sides, front, and back of the head of the spike, and simultaneous with
the squeezing or forging process the heading tools also descend, com-
mencing their work, say with the first tool S passing to the second t,
and finishing with the planishing tool u. Y is a regulator seen in plan
at Figure 4; this regulator works between and on an axis which passes
through projecting lugs v, v, formed on the top side of the cross stay U,
and which axis is marked y. The rear end of this regulator is weighted
with an adjustable weight marked Z, which always has a tendency to
keep the front end elevated, which is sufficiently thick to have a hole
formed through it, the shape of the head of the spike for receiving a
vertical bolt marked z, and which bolt is held in position by a set pin,
the front end of the bar Y and vertical bolt z with the set pin for holding
the same, is seen in Figure 1, the bar Y is held in check from rising too
far at the front end by the bent cross bar A', shewn in plan at Figure 4,
and in front and back view at Figures 1 and 3.
Having described the functions of the various parts and details of my
imnmved forging machine I will explain its motions in succession for

page_text: heading the description of bolts for which it is now represented
arranged for performing, and I will imagine a furnace to be conveniently
situated for heating bolt shanks that a juvenile attendant may remove
from the fire and apply through either of the front dies, knocking it
down to the proper position, the band being upon the fixed pulley the
machine will go to work and the revolving table will bring the first
heated spike under the tool S, as seen at Figure 1, and the descent of
the connecting rod K and sliding part L actuated by the revolution of
the crank J will cause the tool S to descend and partially form the head,
and in the next revolution by means of the side eccentrics M, M, the
table is liberated and revolved by the action of the pall before described,
which brings the partially formed head last referred to under the
operation of the vertical tool t which descends in the working of the
machine, spreading the metal of the head, whilst a fresh hot shank is
brought in rotation around under the operation of the vertical tool S, the
next elevation and descent of the connecting rod K and slide L with the
table moved around another notch brings the spike first operated on in
position to be first elevated by means of the eccentrics M, M, and their
connecting rods elevating the cross bar P, Figure 1, which is fitted with
a projection on its top side marked B' which elevates the shank to the
proper height for the lateral squeezers V and W to close up and impart
the desired form to the sides as well as forging the back and front or
nose part of the bolt when the squeezers will partially retire from their
work right and left, and permit the front part of the bar Y with its
adjoining tool z to descend and knock the spike down into its respective
die on the revolving table that it may pass around under the squeezer to be
further operated on, and simultaneous with this operation the vertical
tools S and have been performing their functions as before described,
heated shanks being continually supplied to the table as it moves
around from one rack or tooth to another, and so on in rotation; the
spike with its head squeezed or forged into form as described is passed
around by the revolving table in position for the descent of the vertical
planishing tool U which completes the formation of the head, and as the
table again rotates to the next notch the now finished spike is partially
ejected by a second projection C¹ on the bar P which permits the
juvenile attendant with tongs in hand to pull out or lift up the finished
spike and remove it from the machine while the supply of heated shanks
is continued, and as the said spikes contain a large body of heat, and the
speed of the machine is great, the shaping, squeezing, and planishing

page_text: tools as well as the dies in the table become hot, but to protect which
from injury I introduce in any convenient position small tubes for jets of
cold water to fall on them.
My description, as before stated, entirely comprehends the heading of
dog-head spikes, but it must be evident to a machinist of ordinary skill
that other shaped heads may be in like manner formed to spikes when
desired, and any device, or name, or trade mark may be impressed on
the head by the planishing or finishing tool herein-before referred to,
and in like manner the general form and construction of the machine
admits of considerable modification without affecting the general object
or purpose of my Invention, but what I claim and wish to protect by
these my in part recited Letters Patent is, the general combination and
motions as herein described and exhibited, or their equivalents, for
progressively forging, shaping, or forming heads of spikes and ejecting
or partially ejecting the same when finished.
In witness whereof, I, the said Moses Bayliss, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-first day of October, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.
:
Witness,
JAMES S. COCKINGS,
Patent Agent,
Birmingham.
MOSES BAYLISS. (L.S.)