IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS AND THEIR SETTING
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Denton Abel, of No. 20, Southampton
Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, for the.
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS AND THEIR SETTING."
A communication from abroad by Richard Smith and John Smith,
both of Three Hill Gates, Moscow, in the Empire of Russia.
-
Sealed the 25th March 1875, and dated the 22nd January 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Denton Abel at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd January 1875..
I, CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of No. 20, Southampton Buildings,
5 Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS AND
THEIR SETTING," to be as follows: -
These improvements relate to that class of steam boilers wherein one
or more cylindrical upper compartments are connected to one or more
O cylindrical lower compartments by means of vertical water tubes of
cylindrical or conical form..

page_text: According to one of the present improvements one large upper cylin-
drical compartment is connected by means of water tubes to two smaller
cylindrical lower compartments, beneath the front ends of which is the
furnace. The flames and hot gases from the furnace pass first along a
flue formed beneath the lower compartments to the back end thereof,
where they rise and pass forward through a flue enclosing the vertical
water tubes, and from this flue they again rise at the front end of the
boiler, and pass along two flues formed at the sides of the upper compart-
ment to the back end of the boiler, whence they escape to the chimney.
In place of the last named two side flues one single flue may be used,
enclosing the lower part of the upper compartment and a portion of the
connecting water tubes.
In the brickwork setting of the boilers are formed passages in close
contiguity to the boiler flues, through which the air required for the
combustion of the furnace is made to pass backwards and forwards so as
to become heated before issuing through side holes beneath the furnace
grate. A portion of such heated air is also caused to issue through
openings formed in the furnace bridge so as to effect the combustion of
smoke.
Beneath the bottom flue of the boiler is placed a cylindrical feed water
heater and mud collector, which is connected by tubes to the lower
compartments of the boiler.
According to another modification two large upper compartments are
connected by the water tubes to three lower small compartments, two of
which are placed underneath the upper compartments, while the third
one is situated between the other two, and is connected to each upper
compartment by water tubes. The arrangement of the furnace and flues
is the same as above described.
According to another arrangement cach lower compartment of the
boiler is connected to a separate upper compartment, the upper com-
partments being connected to a cylindrical steam chamber common to
both.
According to another modification three tiers of cylindrical compart-
ments are employed, arranged one above the other, and connected by
vertical water tubes, and the boiler may consist either of only one such
set of three compartments, or of two, three, or more such sets arranged
side by side, with a common steam chamber connecting all the up
·

page_text: compartments, the furnace being in every case arranged below the lower
compartments, and the flues constructed as described in the first arrange-
ment, so that the flames circulate backwards and forwards over the
surfaces of the compartments and water tubes, and eventually pass from
the top compartments to the chimney. Hot air flues for the furnace are
also provided in the brickwork, as before described, and a feed water
heater is placed below the lowest compartments.
According to another modification the upper compartment of the first
described arrangement is constructed as a tubular boiler, the gases after
traversing the several flues being made to pass through the fire-tubes of
such upper compartment before escaping to the chimney.
According to another modification the two lower compartments of the
boiler are made with internal flues, in the front ends of which are placed
the furnaces, as in Cornish boilers, the gases being made to pass back
through such internal flues, thence through flues enclosing the water
tubes and the lower part of the upper compartment, and lastly through a
Alue formed below the lower compartments to the chimney. The hot air
for the furnace after traversing the flues in the brickwork setting is mado
to pass to the furnaces along a passage formed in the internal flues of
the lower compartments.
According to another arrangement one lower compartment of large
diameter, constructed as a Cornish boiler, is connected by water tubes
to two small upper compartments, the arrangement of the flues and hot
air passages being the same as in the last-described modification.
In all the before-described arrangements the conical or cylindrical
water tubes connecting the upper and lower compartments are arranged
in two or more rows, so as to split up and effectually take up the heat
from the currents of hot gases passing along the flues.
SPECIFICATIN in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Charles Denton Abel in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 28th April 1875.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
.Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-second day of January, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the
thirty-eight year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Charles Denton Abel, Her
special license that I, the said Charles Denton Abel, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Charles Denton
Abel, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS AND THEIR SETTING," a communication to
me from abroad by Richard Smith and John Smith, both of Three Hill
Gates, Moscow, in the Empire of Russia, upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Charles Denton Abel, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Scal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Denton Abel, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had to the
accompanying Sheet of Drawings and to the figures and letters marked
thereon, that is to say:-
These improvements relate to that class of steam boilers wherein one
or more cylindrical upper compartments are connected to one or more
cylindrical lower compartments by means of vertical water tubes of
cylinderical or conical form.
According to one of the present improvements one large upper
cylindrical compartment is connected by means of water tubes to two
smaller cylindrical lower compartments, beneath the front ends of which
is the furnace. The flames and hot gases from the furnace pass first
along a flue formed beneath the lower compartments to the back end
thereof, where they rise and pass forward through a flue enclosing the

page_text: vertical water tubes, and from this flue they again rise at the front end
of the boiler, and pass along two flues formed at the sides of the upper
compartment to the back end of the boiler, whence they escape to the
chimney. In place of the last named two side flues one single flue may
be used, enclosing the lower part of the upper compartment and a portion
of the connecting water tubes.
In the brickwork setting of the boilers are formed passages in close
contiguity to the boiler flues, through which the air required for the
combustion of the furnace is made to pass backwards and forwards, so
as to become leated before issuing through side holes beneath the
furnace grate. A portion of such heated air is also caused to issue
through openings formed in the furnace bridge so as to effect the com-
bustion of smoke.
Beneath the bottom flue of the boiler is placed a cylindrical feed water
heater and mud collector, which is connected by tubes to the lower
compartments of the boiler.
According to another modification two large upper compartments are
connected by the water tubes to three lower small compartments, two of
which are placed underneath the upper compartments, while the third
one is situated beneath the other two, and is connected to each upper
compartment by water tubes. The arrangement of the furnace and flues
is the same as above described.
According to another arrangement each lower compartment of the
boiler is connected to a separate upper compartment, the upper compart-
ments being connected to a cylindrical steam chamber common to both.
.
According to another modification three tiers of cylindrical compart-
ments are employed, arranged one above the other, and connected by
vertical water tubes, and the boiler may consist either of only one such
set of three compartments, or of two, three, or more such sets arranged
side by side with a common steam chamber connecting all the upper
compartments, the furnace being in every case arranged below the lower
compartments, and the flues constructed as described in the first arrange-
ment, so that the flames circulate backwards and forwards over the
surfaces of the compartments and water tubes, and eventually pass from
the top compartments to the chimney. Hot air flues for the furnace are
also provided in the brickwork, as before described, and a feed water
heater is placed below the lowest-compartments.

page_text: According to another modification the upper compartment of the first
described arrangement is constructed as a tubular boiler, the gases after
traversing the several flues being made to pass through the fire-tubes of
such upper eompartment before escaping to the chimney.
According to another modification the two lower compartments of the 5
boiler are made with internal flues, in the front ends of which are placed
the furnaces, as in Cornish boilers, the gases being made to pass back
through such internal flues, thence through flues enclosing the water
tubes and the lower part of the upper compartment, and lastly through
a flue formed below the lower compartments to the chimney. The hot 1
.air for the furnace, after traversing the flues in the brickwork setting, is
made to pass to the furnaces along a passage formed in the internal
flues of the lower compartments.
According to another arrangement one lower compartment of large
diameter, constructed as a Cornish boiler, is connected by water tubes to 1
two small upper compartments, the arrangement of the flues and hot air
passages being the same as in the last described modification.
In all the before described arrangements the conical or cylindrical
water tubes connecting the upper and lower compartments are arranged
in two or more rows, so as to split up and effectually take up the heat 2
from the currents of hot gases passing along the flues..
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 represents a longitudinal section, and Fig. 2 a sectional plan
partly on the line C, D, and partly on the linc E, F, of Fig. 3, which is
a transverse section on the line A, B, of Fig. 1 of one form of boiler 2
constructed and arranged according to this Invention; Fig. 4 is a trans-
verse section on the line G, H, of Fig. 1. The remaining Figs. 5 to
14 inclusive, represent transverse section of various modified forms of
such boilers as will be hereafter explained.
Referring first to Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4, a is the upper compartment 3
containing water and partly steam space, which may be supplemented
by a steam chest a¹. The compartment a is connected by the conical
tubes with the two lower compartments c, c. The fire-grate fis placed
under the front of the compartments c, c, and the products of combus-
tion pass along under these compartments to the back, whence they 3
return along the space between a and c occupied by the tubes b, being

page_text: finally conducted along flues g, g, at each side of a to the chimney flue g',
which is provided with a damper h. A vessel for heating the feed water
and receiving deposit ; communicates by tubes % and 7 with c, c, and is
provided with a blow-off cock m. Flues p, r, t, u, are formed in the
setting for heating the air supplied to the fire; the air entering by p
rises by an uptake q, passing along », down 8, along t, and back by u to
openings v, whence it issues under the fire-grate heated by its passage
along the flues, the ash-pit being closed by doors. A portion of the air
is delivered by an aperture y in the bridge.
In Fig. 5 the arrangement is the same, except that two fires fare
applied instead of one.
In Fig. 6 the side flues. are dispensed with, the return flue to the
chimney being formed below the upper compartment by parting off a
portion of the space occupied by the tubes by means of a thin arch o.
According to the arrangement in Fig. 7 the lower compartments c, c,
are made large with fire-flues inside, as in a Cornish boiler, the heated
air in this case being led back to the ash-pits along passages w in the
bottoms of the flues.
:
In Fig. 8 two upper compartments are connected respectively with
the two lower compartments, the products of combustion being in this
case led from back to front between the two compartments on the one.
side, and returning to the back along a similar channel on the other
side.
:
In Figs. 9, 10, and 11 the compartments a, b, c, are arranged three
tiers in height, and respectively three, two, and one in width.
In Fig. 12 the upper compartment a is made tubular, the products of
combustion dividing into two currents to come forward along the side
flues g, g, and returning through the tubes to the chimney, the said
tubes being thus exposed only to the moderate heat of the products
after they have been partly cooled, and consequently less subject to
deterioration than in boilers where they receive the products in their
hottest condition.
In Fig. 13 three lower compartments c are arranged in connection
with two upper compartments a, and in Fig. 14 a single lower com-
partment c, with Cornish fire-flue, is connected to two upper compart-
ments a, a.

page_text: Having thus described the nature of this Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to me by my
foreign correspondents, I claim,-
First. The arrangements substantially as herein described of boilers
wherein one or more cylindrical upper compartments are connected by
upright water tubes to one or more cylindrical lower compartments, the
setting of the said boilers being so constructed as to provide flues for
heating air supplied to the fire and bridge.
Second. In boilers such as are above referred to, arranging the fires in
Cornish flues in the lower compartments, substantially as herein described
in reference to Figs. 7 and 14 of the accompanying Drawings.
Third. In boilers such as are above referred to providing tubes in the
upper compartment for the passage of the partly cooled products of
combustion to the chimney, substantially as herein described in reference
to Fig. 12 of the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof I, the said Charles Denton Abel, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of April, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
five.