A New or improved Testing Machine for Oleaginous Materials.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 4th Sept., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 3rd Feb., 1896-Accepted, 28th Mar., 1896
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
A New or improved Testing Machine for Oleaginous Materials.
1, GEORGE MITCHELL of 47 Victoria Street, Westminster, in the County of
London, Consulting Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to
be as follows:-
This invention relates to machines which are used for the purpose of ascertaining
the quantity of oil contained in castor beans, olives, and other nuts, beans, and
seeds; and consists in an improved form of machine by the use of which I am
enabled by pressing a small measured quantity of the oleaginous material, to
determine accurately the quantity of oil contained in any larger bulk of the
same.
To the upper surface of a horizontal base plate is attached a ram casing which is
bored vertically so as to admit a closely fitting ram, which projects a convenient
distance above the casing. The casing is formed with a steam jacket surrounding
it by means of which it is heated to a required temperature. Screwed into the base
plate, at one side of the ram casing, in such manner as to be easily turned and
thereby raised or lowered, is a vertically disposed bolt, to the upper end of which is
screwed a slotted block which forms a fulcrum for the main lever which extends
across the ram and rests upon its upper end. In order to secure an approximately
horizontal position of the main lever I in general attach a spirit or other level to
one side thereof. The other end of this lever extends across and has a slotted link
depending from it, and it is so proportioned that the distance from this end to the
centre of the ram is about twice the distance from the centre of the ram to the
fulcrum.
A second vertically disposed bolt similar to but shorter than that which holds
down the fulcrum of the main lever, is screwed into the base plate at a point about
half way between the ram centre and the link which depends from the main lever,
and this second bolt has a similarly arranged slotted head screwed on it which
forms a fulcrum for the second lever. This second lever passes through the slotted
link which depends from the end of the main lever, pulling it down, and extends
horizontally such a length as to ensure that the depression of its extreme end
produces by means of the lever system a pressure upon the ram sufficient for the
purpose. Formed integrally with or rigidly attached to the base plate is a girder
shaped extension of such a leugth that its extreme end comes vertically underneath
the extreme end of the second lever, and the two are connected together by a haud
wheel and screw, by operating which the pressure upon the ram is produced. By
introducing a spring balance suitably graduated the desired pressure may be
accurately regulated, and exactly known.
By this arrangement of levers and adjustable fulcra I am enabled to secure an
almost exactly horizontal position of the main lever under any circumstances,
thus bringing the pressure upon the upper end of the ram in the best possible
manner.
By the use of the hand wheel, screw, and spring balance, I am enabled to obtain
the desired pressure; and also by observation to discover when the ram has ceased
to descend.
The measured quantity of subject materials being introduced into the ram
casing, an anvil having a grooved edge being previously placed therein, the rain is
placed in position, and the lever system operated as hereinbefore explained. The

page_text: oil is expressed with or without heat and runs out round the anvil edge, and escapes
through a passage at the end of which it can be collected. In some cases the
casing instead of forming part of the base plate is screwed upon a plug which
is formed integrally with the base plate; in which case the ram casing can be
screwed off.
I do not restrict myself to any particular size or shape, but in general I
make my testing machine with a ram of one square inch effective area, and
construct my lever system of such proportions that 112 lbs. upon the smaller end
of the second lever produces a pressure upon the ram of 2 tons.
Dated this 4th day of September 1895.
WILLIAM J. MUNDEN,
106 Priory Park Road, Kilburn, London, N.W.,
Agent for the Applicant.
A New or Improved Testing Machine for Oleaginous Materials.
I, GEORGE MITCHELL, of 47 Victoria Street, Westminster, in the County of
London, Consulting Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to machines which are used for the purpose of ascertaining
the quantity of oil contained in castor beans, olives, and other nuts, beans, and
seeds; and consists in an improved form of machine by the use of which I am
enabled by pressing a small measured quantity of the oleaginous material
to determine accurately the quantity of oil contained in any larger bulk of the
same.
In order that my invention may be most fully understood I append a sheet of
drawings in which :-
Fig. 1 is a front elevation of an oil testing machine according to my invention.
Fig. 2 is a plan, and
Fig. 3 is an end elevation of same.
Fig. 4 is a detail view of the end of the main lever, slotted link, and bolt.
Fig. 5 is a detail view of the second lever.
A designates the base plate and a a plug which is formed integrally with it and
projects from its upper surface. B is the ram casing which screws to the plug a
and is formed with an annular steam jacket or space surrounding it into which
steam can be admitted and allowed to pass out through the openings and b².
The upper end of the casing B has one or more radial holes b³ drilled into it, and
by introducing one end of a rod or "tommy" into one of these the casing can be
screwed on and off the plug a. A hole 6x is bored vertically through the casing in
its axial line and into this fits n ram or plunger C in such manner as to make a
tight joint, and yet allow the ram to move freely upwards and downwards; and at
its upper end the ram is shaped so as to form a suitable rest for the main lever F.
A double ended bolt D arranged vertically has a bulb or extension d formed at or
about the middle of its length which is drilled with one or more holes for the
insertion of a rod or "tommy" by means of which the bolt can be turned. The
lower end d² of this bolt has a left-handed thread which engages with a female
screw in the base A, and the upper end of the bolt has a right-handed thread
which screws into the lower end of a block E, the other end of which is slotted
ate; and the upper end of this slot is so shaped as to form at e' a suitable fulcrum
for the main lever F. This main lever F has a depression at the point of a
suitable shape to engage with the fulcrum e¹; and the lever extends across the
centre of the ram C and rests upon its upper end c. The lever is provided with a

page_text: spirit level by by inspection of which it may be seen whether or not the main lever
is in a horizontal position; the other end of the main lever has a depression ƒ³
from which depends a slotted link G.
At the opposite side of the base plate to that at which the bolt D enters it, is
arranged a second bolt H similar to but shorter than D, having a bulb or
extension, tommy holes h, a lower end 2 screwed into the base plate, and an
upper screwed end 3 which enters the lower end of a block 1. The upper end of
this block is forked, and these forks are drilled at i to form the fulcrum for the
second lever K, the points of contact being shaped as shewn at k. The second
lever K passes through the slot in the link G and rests upon its lower end thus
pulling it downwards, and the other end extends a considerable distance beyond
the base A aud is flattened and drilled vertically at k² to enable the screw of a
spring balance L to pass through it. Formed integrally with or rigidly attached
to the base A is a girder shaped extension M of such a length that its extreme
end m comes vertically underneath the extreme end of the second lever K. The
lower end of the spring balance L is attached to the end m of the girder M by a
suitable bracket and pin m³, and the part of the spring balance screw / which
projects through the hole in the lever K has a hand wheel N screwing upon
it in such manner that the turning of the hand wheel depresses the end of the
lever K.
Inside the bore * of the ram casing fits loosely an anvil having a groove o
formed in its edge, and communicating with this groove, a passage a¹ is formed
in the plug a and base plate A which allows of the expressed oil flowing out.
I do not restrict myself to any particular size or shape, but in general I make my
testing machine with a ram of one square inch effective area, and construct my
lever system of such proportions that when the hand wheel N has been screwed
down until the pressure upon the end of the lever K is equal to a weight
of 112 lbs., the total pressure upon the ram is equal to two tons.
The testing press is used and operated as follows:-
A measured quantity of the subject material bearing a certain proportion to
a ton or other unit of weight or bulk is introduced into the bore x of the ram
casing and rests upon the top of the anvil O. The ram C, and the levers F and K,
and link G, are then placed in position, and the bolts D and H adjusted until the
spirit level shews that the main lever F is approximately horizontal and at right
angles to the axial line of the ram C and therefore pressing upon it in the most
favourable direction. If the subject material to be treated requires heat, then
steam or hot water is admitted by a pipe screwed into 6, and allowed to escape
through another pipe which is screwed into 62. The hand wheel N is then turned
and this presses down the end of the lever K and produces a greatly increased
downward pressure upon the link G and the end of the main lever F. This in
its turn produces a still greater pressure upon the ram C, and the hand wheel N is
turned until the required pressure is produced and indicated upon the scale of the
spring balance L. The oil is thus expressed, flows downwards round the edges of
the loose anvil O into the groove o, and out of the machine through the passage a¹.
As the oil is expressed the ram is forced slowly downwards, and the pressure upon
the hand wheel being diminished, this is indicated upon the scale of the spring
balance, and can be adjusted by further screwing down of the hand wheel.
When
the pressing is complete the oil is measured, the casing B unscrewed from the plug,
and the solid matter removed; the hand wheel is then slacked until the link G can
be slipped off the end of the main lever, leaving the latter free to be lifted and
the ram withdrawn.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. A testing machine for oleaginous materials constructed and operating

page_text: 2. In a machine for testing oleaginous materials the combination of a base
plate, a ram casing and ram, a main lever, a screw adjustable fulcrum block for
the same, a second lever, a screw adjustable block for the same, a connecting link
between the main and second levers, a spring balance, and a hand wheel upon the
screw of the same, substantially as shewn and described.
3. In a machine for testing oleaginous materials, the combination of the base A,
the ram casing B, the ram C, the screw D, the fulcrum block E, the main lever F,
the link G, the screw H, the fulcrum block 1, the second lever K, the spring
balance and screw 1, the hand wheel N. and the girder extension M, all
operating together in the manner and for the purpose substantially as shewn and
described.
4. In a machine for testing oleaginous materials, as hereinbefore claimed, the use
of a steam or hot water jacket surrounding and heating the ram casing and its
contents, substantially as shewn and described.
Dated this 3rd day of February 1896
WILLIAM J. MUNDEN,
106 Priory Park Road, Kilburn, London, N.W.,
Agent for the Applicant.
WILLIAM J. MUNDEN,
106 Priory Park Road, Kilburn, London, N.W.,
Agent for the Applicant.