matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN MULES FOR SPINNING
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Billington at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
January 1872.
I, THOMAS BILLINGTON, of Bamber Bridge, in the County of
Lancaster, Spinning Master, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MULES FOR SPINNING," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists of certain improvements in what is commonly
called the strapping motion or that motion which regulates by the screw
in the quadrant arm the foundation of the cop in spinning mules.
I connect to the ordinary strapping lever on the carriage a bracket, on
which bracket I hang a ratchet wheel on a stud or spindle, such stud or
spindle runs freely in such bracket; alongside of such ratchet wheel,
and likewise working freely on this stud or spindle, I place a catch arm
lever on which a catch is fixed working the ratchet wheel. On the top
end of the above bracket I fix another or second catch working into the
same ratchet wheel, which acts as a stop catch. On the above stud or
spindle I fix one end of a chain, cord, or other equivalent, the other end I

page_text: pass over the counterfaller bracket, down to the before mentioned
strapping lever, round a pulley fixed thereon, up again, and fastened to
the copping faller finger. On the base of the quadrant I fix a small
bracket with a loose finger thereon, such bracket is connected to the
bottom end of the quadrant screw. On the mule carriage coming out
the before-mentioned swivel lever strikes the loose finger on this small
bracket, thereby turning the ratchet wheel, thence coiling the chain or
equivalent round stud, lifting strapping lever, as much as the build or
shape of the cop bottom shall require, without the aid of the winder.
Thus is formed a most simple and efficient self-acting strapping motion.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STEAM COCKS, WATER COCKS, AND GAS Cocks
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Antoine Dugdale, Jules Mingrat,
and Achille Vansteenkiste at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 4th June 1872.
We, ANTOINE Dugdale, of No. 174, Rue de Courcelles, Ternes, in the
City of Paris, France, Engineer, JULES MINGRAT, of No. 25, Rue
Neuve, in the City of Brussels, Belgium, Engineer, and ACHILLE
VANSTEENKISTE, of No. 21, Rue Rogier, in the City of Brussels,
Belgium, Dyer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STEAM COCKS, WATER COCKS, AND GAS
Cocks," to be as follows:-
:-
The improvements in cocks forming the subject of the present Inven-
tion are as follows :-
With the body of the tap or cock a cylinder is cast, within which the
valve moves, and is non-floating, it is actuated by a screw shaft and
fly wheel, and is so arranged that when raised the body of the cock
forms a continuous channel or continuation of the pipe, since the valve
alone closes the passage. The diameter of the cylindrical part referred
to being superior to that of the passage of the cock, the result is, that
no matter what position the valve occupies it is sufficiently supported

page_text: to be unaffected by the pressure of steam, and will always descend
perpendicularly to its seat. By this means the effects of pressure or
condensation are avoided as the steam has a direct passage, whether
the cock is partly or completely open, which is not the case with existing
valve cocks.
AN IMPROVED HAIR RESTORER
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charlotte Bray at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with her Petition, on the 12th
July 1872.
I, CHARLOTTE BRAY, of Rochford, in the County of Essex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED HAIR
RESTORER," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to an improved wash or preparation for reviving
or promoting the growth of the hair.
The ingredients of the hair restorer are acid acetic fort, spirit of
lavender, liquid dye obtained from red Saunders wood, and water mixed
together in a cold state in the following or other suitable proportions.
A
Lavender
Saunders wood
Water
60 parts (by volume).
-
2
"
-
1
.
8
30
100
.
"
"
"
IMPROVEMENTS IN LEGGINGS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Goodacre at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
September 1872.
.
I, FREDERICK GOODACRE, of Leicester, Warehouseman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LEGGINGS,"
to be as follows:
The Invention has for its object improvements in leggings whereby
they are rendered easy of application, are comfortable in use, and may
be readily rolled or folded up for the pocket. For this purpose I form
the legging of any desired flexible material, which is sewn or otherwise
formed tubular except for a short distance from the top where it is left
open, and at the upper part of such opening I fix at the back or side of
the legging an elastic band to cause the legging to clip tightly around
the leg, so that when applied to the legs the leggings will be firmly held
in position. If desired other descriptions of fastenings may be employed
but in any case they are placed so as to come just below the knee.
Leggings thus formed are drawn over the foot and fastened to the leg
in less time than those heretofore in use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SPANNERS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Rupert Swindells and John
Wormald at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 15th February 1872.
We, RUPERT SWINDELLS and JOHN WORMALD, of Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SPANNERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to that class of spanners of which each is made
of one piece of metal having a recess in one or both ends to turn the
heads of screws and nuts, and consists in forming one or both ends of
each spanner so that screw heads and nuts of different sizes can be
turned by one end of the spanner, thereby effecting economy of material
and preventing loss of time.
The nature of the Invention will be understood by reference to the
Figures on the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, in which Figs. 1 and 2
are side views of spanners adapted for screw heads and nuts of different
sizes, Fig. 1 being formed for five hexagon heads or nuts of different
sizes, and Fig. 2 for four.

page_text: For square or other shaped heads and nuts a similar system is
employed, the only difference being in the angles of the spanning
surfaces, but in all cases the spanners are made of any required strength
and dimensions, and their ends adapted for two or more screw heads or
nuts of different sizes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SIGNAL ALARUMS FOR RAILWAY TRAINS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Edwards at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd
August 1872.
.
I, JOHN EDWARDS, of Cassland Crescent, South Hackney, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SIGNAL ALARUMS FOR RAILWAY TRAINS," to be as
follows:-
It sometimes happens that a railway train runs past a signal which is
against it without the engine driver observing that it is so, also that a
signal is put to "danger" immediately after the passing of a train which
the signal is intended to stop. My Invention relates to the construction
and working of an alarum apparatus which shall give the engine driver
an audible signal to apprise him that the semaphore or other standard
signal is against him. For this purpose I mount by the side of the rail
a bar, plate, or board having on it teeth, projections, or notelies, and I
make this bar, plate, or board capable of being moved to or from the rail
or vertically up or down by the side of the rail. On the locomotive or any
carriage of the train I fix a blade spring projecting downwards in such
Im- PROVEMENTS IN SCREW CAPS OR COVERS FOR THE AXLE BOXES OF CARRIAGES AND OTHER VEHICLES FOR COMMON ROADS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Russell at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th
April 1872.
I, EDWARD RUSSELL, of Adelaide Place, Millwall, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN SCREW CAPS OR COVERS FOR THE AXLE BOXES OF CARRIAGES AND
OTHER VEHICLES FOR COMMON ROADS," to be as follows:-
The Invention has for its object improvements in screw caps or
covers for the axle boxes of carriages and other vehicles for common
roads.
Heretofore such caps have been formed without any other aperture
than that at the inner end, through which the end of the axle passes
into the cap, consequently when it has been desired to supply oil to
the cap it has been necessary to remove it from the wheel, turn the
cap on its end, and pour oil into the open end thereof; after this it
has been necessary to employ great care in replacing the cap in the
wheel or a large proportion of the oil would flow out therefrom, but in
any case only a small quantity of oil could be retained in the cap when
fixed in position.

page_text: Now my
Invention consists in boring a hole or forming a nozzle in
the cylindrical portion of the cap near the outer end thereof, through
which hole the oil is poured into the cap while in position in the wheel;
then when the cap is full or has a sufficient quantity of oil therein the
hole is then stopped by a screw or other plug, cap, or stop.
By these means I am enabled to supply the cap with oil without
removing it from the wheel, and the cap without increasing its size is
capable of containing a larger quantity of oil than heretofore.
E
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR A NEW OR IMPROVED MATERIAL FOR PACKING STUFFING BOXES AND PISTONS, AND MAKING PIPE JOINTS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Martyn John Roberts at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th November 1872.
I, MARTYN JOHN ROBERTS, of the City of Bath, Esquire, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR A NEW
OR IMPROVED MATERIAL FOR PACKING STUFFING BOXES AND PISTONS, AND MAKING
PIPE JOINTS," to be as follows:―
My Invention consists in packing stuffing boxes, and pistons with
sheets of thin laminated metal, for example tin foil; also in making pipe
joints with sheets of thin laminated metal. These sheets when used as
packing for stuffing boxes are wrapped round the piston rod and inserted
in the box in the usual manner, and I sometimes use in addition to this
metal packing a layer of hemp, asbestos, or other suitable substance to
contain a material for lubricating the rod which passes through it.
In packing pistons the sheets are wrapped round the periphery of the
niston

page_text: required to join together, and thereby produce a hermetic joint, that is
to say, in the case of flange pipes I make rings or washers from the
sheets and place these rings or washers between the flanges before the
latter are screwed up, or otherwise pressed together, and in the case of
socket pipes I wrap the sheets round the pipes before inserting the pipes
into their sockets, or I ram or press the sheets between the pipe and the
socket.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COVERS FOR MELTING FURNACES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Tarleton Bury at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th September 1872.
I, WILLIAM TARLETON BURY, of Regent Works, Sheffield, in the
County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COVERS FOR MELTING FURNACES," to be as follows:-
My Invention has reference to covers for melting furnaces that are
constructed of a metal frame into which is fixed a fire-brick slab. I
make the frames for such covers with the inner surfaces (against which
the fire-brick slab fits) tapered or bevilled so that the opening of the
frame is less on the one side than on the other, and I form the sides
of the fire-brick slab which fit into the frame with a corresponding
amount of taper so that when the slab is dropped into the frame the
two, namely, the slab and the frame, will be wedged firmly together.
By this means I am enabled to dispense with the screws, wedges, or
slides, that have heretofore been requisite for holding the slab in
the frame.

page_text: To prevent the fire-brick slab from falling out in case of contraction
or on the frame being turned upside down, a button, turn-screw, or
other suitable fastening may be provided on the side of the frame
in which the slab is inserted so as to project over the edge of the slab
and thus hold it in its place.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR BOTTLING WINES AND OTHER LIQUIDS, AND IN THE MEANS FOR FACILITATING THE REMOVAL AND CLEANSING OF THE PARTS THEREOF
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Long at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th April
1872.
I, JOSEPH LONG, of 20, Little Tower Street, in the City of London,
Philosophical Instrument Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR BOTTLING WINES AND
OTHER LIQUIDS, AND IN THE MEANS FOR FACILITATING THE REMOVAL AND CLEANSING
OF THE PARTS THEREOF," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in apparatus for bottling
wines and other liquids, and in the means for facilitating the removal
and cleansing of the parts thereof, and consists in forming the cross bar
or tube through which the liquid passes from the vessel to the bottling
nozzles with an open end or open ends, which can be kept closed when
in action by a bayonet screw or other jointed end piece or cap, which joint
may however be on the tube itself if found convenient. The nozzles
or branches are also made with bayonet or screw joints so that each
or all can be detached to enable the branches as well as the cross tube
to be cleaned by a brush or other appliance. By this means the same
:

page_text: nozzle can be made available for bottling various liquids instead of as
at present retaining one set for each variety.
The nozzles have the usual bulbs and sliding caps or runners upon
them for opening or closing the outlets, but this forms no part of my
Invention.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MODE OF CONSTRUCTING CARRIAGES AND OTHER WHEELED VEHICLES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hector Auguste Dufrené at the
Office of the Commissioners, of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th. July 1872. A communication from Monsieur Pierre Perrot,
residing at Vienne, in the Republic of France.
I, HECTOR AUGUSTE DUFRENÉ, of No. 10, Rue de la Fidélité, Paris,
in the Republic of France, and 4, South Street, Finsbury, London,
Civil Engineer and Patent Agent,, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MODE OF CONSTRUCTING CARRIAGES
AND OTHER WHEELED VEHICLES," to be as follows, that is to say :-
.
The Invention communicated to me consists in a method of con-
structing carriages and other wheeled vehicles whereby they may be
folded up and occupy little space.
To carry out the said Invention the axle and cross bars are made
hingewise, pivoting on bolts or other suitable contrivance so as to allow
of the wheels and side supports being brought close together, while the
cross bars and the axle fold upon each other.
In the accompanying Drawing, Figure 1 is a plan of a carriage
ready for use; Figure 2, a plan of it half folded up; Figure 4 is a

page_text: •
plan, and Figure 3, an elevation of a carriage completely folded up.
The cross bars of the carriage are adjusted to the two sides at A, B,
so as to turn round the axes or pins A, B. The axle is also similarly.
arranged except the journals which enter the naves of the wheels and
project inwards, and are provided at their extremities at C, C¹, with
grips into which the axle proper takes, and is caught when the carriage
is opened out, as in Figure 1. The wooden bottom D made hingewise
and opening at the centre joint E, E¹, is lowered, and the grooves F, F¹,
Figure 3, with which it is formed underneath fit on to the corresponding
cross bars which enter the grooves, and by that means contribute to
render the carriage firm with the grips of the journals.
-
To fold the carriage, it is merely necessary to raise the bottom, as
shewn in Figure 3, and to advance one of the sides, at the same time
pushing back the other side. The carriage then takes the position
shewn in Figure 4, and may be wheeled where required through a very
narrow opening.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Bayliss at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th
September 1872.
I, WILLIAM BAYLISS, of the Firm of Bayliss, Jones, and Bayliss, of
Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford, Engineers and Ironfounders,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN STEAM BOILERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention is chiefly applicable and is employed as an auxiliary
to horizontal cylindrical boilers fired underneath, but may with certain
modifications be employed for boilers of other descriptions. The object
is to combine with greater heating surface a free and continual circula-
tion of the water.
or
The Invention consists in fixing underneath the boiler and preferably
over the fire a number of pipes technically called "breeches"
"saddle" pipes, that is, pipes having two legs branching out from the
end of a main stem. The main stems of the said pipes I fix to the
boiler bottom, and the leg pieces spread out sideways and bend down
over the fire forming either an arched or pointed roof over the fire

page_text: according to the shape of the said "breeches" or "saddle" pipes. The
legs of the said pipes are bent outwards at about the level of the furnace
bars, and pass through the sides of the boiler seating, where they are con-
nected to a horizontal pipe on each side of the said seating. A vertical.
pipe passes up from one or both of the said horizontal pipes, and is bent
over and passed through the top of the boiler, passing down to nearly the
bottom of the boiler.
The feed water is fed through either of the said horizontal pipes when
a vertical pipe is employed on each side of the boiler, but in the case of
only one vertical pipe being used, then the feed water is fed into 1
the horizontal pipe which is not connected with a vertical pipe.
A separate vertical pipe may be used in conjunction with each of the
legs of the said "breeches" or "saddle" pipes, and the horizontal pipes
dispensed with, or they may be used in conjunction with the said hori-
zontal pipes.
The heat from the fire passes under and over the said "breeches" or
"saddle" pipes, and thus considerable heating surface is obtained
directly in connection with the fire; and the circulation of the water is
up through the pipe or pipes within the boiler, down the vertical pipe or
pipes into the horizontal pipe or pipes (where used), and up through the
legs of the "breeches" or "saddle" pipes, returning again into the
boiler, when the circulation is repeated. The feed water may be made
to assist the circulation on one side of the boiler, or may be arranged to
supply the circulation entirely for one side.
For Cornish boilers the "breeches"
amanced in the flue underneath the boiler.
ог "saddle" pipes may be
IMPROVEMENTS IN CONDENSING STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Glydon and William
Glydon at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 22nd October 1872.
We, GEORGE GLYDON, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manufacturer, and WILLIAM GLYDON, of Birmingham, aforesaid, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CONDENSING STEAM ENGINES," to be as follows :-
:—
Our improvements relate to those parts of a condensing steam engine.
the function of which is to effect the condensation of the exhaust or
waste steam, and to produce and maintain a vacuum on the exhaust
side of the piston.
In condensing steam engines as ordinarily constructed these objects
are effected by means of a condenser provided with an air pump, the
said air pump being worked by the steam engine, and by its operation
the injection water and condensed water are removed from the condenser.
According to our Invention we dispense with the air pump and cause
the water from the condenser to flow into a pipe or vessel to which

page_text: we attach one or more force pumps, by the operation of which the said
water is removed.
We prefer to arrange the force pump or force pumps on an independ-
ent foundation or bed plate, and by means of a shaft provided with
cranks or excentrics drive or work the said pumps by a small or
donkey engine instead of working them from the principal engine.
Although we prefer to use more than one force pump yet one only
may be employed, and when desirable the force pump or force pumps
may be worked from the principal engine instead of from an indepen-
dent engine; where more than one steam engine are employed in the
same or neighbouring premises the several condensers may be connected
with the vessel or pipe in communication with the force pumps.
The boiler of the engine may be supplied with water from the
condenser by the action of the force pumps described. In order to
effect this a pipe connected with the force pumps passes to the boiler,
the said pipe being provided with a stop cock by which the quantity of
water forced into the boiler may be regulated; the excess of water is
allowed to run to waste through a valve weighted to the required
pressure.
IMPROVED ÅRRANGEMENTS AND APPARATUS FOR WEIGHING THE CONTENTS OR LOADS OF WAGONS OR OTHER VEHICLES HAVING SPRINGS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Thomas Hughes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 15th November 1872.-A communication from abroad by Oscar
Systermans, Merchant, of 84, Rue du Progrès, Brussels.
I, EDWARD THOMAS, HUGHES, of the Firm of Hughes and Son, Patent
Agents, 123, Chancery Lane, London, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for “IMPROVED ÅRRANGEMENTS AND APPARATUS FOR WEIGHING
THE CONTENTS OR LOADS OF WAGONS OR OTHER VEHICLES HAVING SPRINGS," a
communication to me from abroad by Oscar Systermans, Merchant, of
34, Rue du Progrès, Brussels, to be as follows:—
The object of this Invention is to enable the weight of the contents or
load of each wagon or vehicle to be ascertained without the necessity of
using a weighbridge or machine, by causing the bending or flexion
of the springs to work, indicating fingers or hands in front of properly
divided dial plates or sectors. For each spring is bolted to the side of
the wagon or vehicle a plate carrying the dial or sector, and also a stud
on which is placed the hand or finger which is connected at its extreme
end to the top of a link jointed at its bottom end to the strap or bridle
encasing the middle of the spring, the link being disconnected from the
bridle when the wagon or vehicle is in motion.

page_text: The dial plates or sectors can be adjusted by means of grooves, so that
when the wagon or vehicle is empty each finger or hand shall be
opposite zero, which also indicates the tare; but when the wagon or
vehicle is loaded the ends of the springs are lowered, and each finger or
hand denotes on its corresponding dial or sector the weight of the load
on the spring in connection with it, and if the weights indicated by
all the dials and sectors be added together, the nett weight of the load
is obtained.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lewis William Pritchard at tho
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th April 1872.
1
I, LEWIS WILLIAM PRITCHARD, Engineer of the Western Gas Works,
Kensal Green, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the construction of gas purifier
centre valves in a more economical and generally more convenient
manner than hitherto adopted, and consists in such a modification of
that class of valves commonly known as "cockeys" or "surface valves"
as to constitute a material improvement. These valves (that is cockeys)
are made with three cylindrical cases resting on each other, the edges
of the upper and middle ones being ground together until they are
gas tight, the upper one being free to turn upon an axis common to
both. The upper and middle cases are divided into a number of
chambers, the upper case having a less number of divisions than the
middle one, consequently each of the chambers in the upper part always
covers or embraces two in the middle one. The bottom case is firmly
bolted to the middle one, and contains
the inlet pipe, the space

page_text: surrounding it being used as an outlet chamber. By turning the upper
case on its axis either to the right or left a change in the direction of
the flow of gas is produced. The lower case however to which the
inlet and outlet pipes are connected occupy so much room as to become
inconvenient.
It is therefore proposed by the present Invention to so curve the
intermediate circular and radial divisions in the middle case at their
lower parts as to utilize a space not hitherto advantageously occupied,
and thus form a chamber of sufficient capacity to admit of the outlet
pipe being attached directly thereto, without the intervening outlet
chamber herein described. The result is that the bottom case before
referred to is entirely dispensed with, the apparatus decreased in size
and rendered more convenient, while the cost of construction is
considerably reduced,
IMPROVED MEANS OF CONCENTRATING LIGHT, AND IN APPLIANCES CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Sewall Lenox at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th April 1872.
I, EDWIN SEWALL LENOX, of West Eleventh Street, New York, in the
United States of America, but now temporarily residing at London, in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for " IMPROVED MEANS OF CONCENTRATING LIGHT, AND IN APPLIANCES
CONNECTED THEREWITH,” to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improved means of concentrating light by
the employment of water lenses, the light being suitable for shop fronts,
show rooms of warehouses and other places, also in appliances for sup-
porting water lenses to enable them to be used in the desired manner.
The Invention consists in constructing and employing a glass bason or
cup of flat or conical form into which water, colored or not, can be
placed for imparting the necessary tint. The bason or cup is supported
in a ring or other shaped support attached to one arm of, say, a gas
bracket or a separate holder, and in such a manner that the flame of the

page_text: jet can be arranged above the water in a horizontal direction for causing
the light to pass through, and be concentrated upon the goods or articles
placed open or in cases beneath.
I prefer that the jet tube or nozzle should be arranged to act as a tap
plug which, when turned at right angles, either alone or in combination t
with the lens, can shut off communication with the main supply of gas
by which the light is produced. The bason or cup may be covered by a
detachable lid to prevent the entrance of dust, and also to permit of the
liquid being renewed from time to time to compensate for evaporation or
other causes.
The light produced by the above described method is very brilliant,
and can be concentrated to any extent by diminishing or increasing the
quantity of water. Various tints can also be produced by varying the
colours of the waters where several lenses are employed, a novelty not
yet obtained by any of the appliances at present in use.
]
1
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS APPLICABLE FOR EITHER SCOURING OB WASHING WORSTED OR OTHER TEXTILE FABRICS IN THE PIECE
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Gledhill at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th August
1872.
I, HENRY GLEDHILL, of Halifax, in the County of York, Stuff
Finisher, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS APPLICABLE FOR EITHER SCOURING
OB WASHING WORSTED OR OTHER TEXTILE FABRICS IN THE PIECE," to be as-
follows:-
The object of this Invention is to so construct a machine that it will
perform the operations of either scouring or washing fabrics in the piece
with more facility than with machinery at present in use for those pur-
poses; and my improved machinery consists of a cistern of suitable size
or depth, width,..and-length; of rectangular form, and by preference
longer than wide. Longitudinally of and above this cistern I mount a
pair of heavy squeezing rollers, similar in diameter-to those at present.
used for such purpose,-and-under-the lower of these rollers I mount
parallel therewith a conducting roller, and in or near the two bottom
angles of the cistern I mount two other conducting rollers also parallel
-

page_text: with the former. Along one side near the top of the cistern I arrange
a series of eyes or guides at suitable distances apart, and near one end ou
the opposite side is another cyc or guide for the introduction of the
fabrics to the cistern. I also have one or more partitions across the
cistern.
"
Fabrics to be scoured or washed are brought in a
"coach and
introduced at the eye last named, and conducted under one of the
bottom rollers, thence over the top conducting roller to and under the
other bottom roller, from which they pass through the first of the series
of guide eyes to and between the squeezing rollers, and from thence
again under the first bottom roller, then over the top one and then
again under the second bottom roller, and through the second of the
series of guide eyes, to and between the squeezing rollers, and so on
passing around the roller and through the guide eyes and squeezers,
until arriving at the other end of the machine, from whence they are
conducted by or over a carrying roller or pulley to another "coach
employed for removal of them to where required.
"
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FLOORCLOTH AND OTHER ANALOGOUS FABRICS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Weston Wells at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st July 1872.
I, BENJAMIN WESTON WELLS, of Avenue Road, Camberwell, in the
County of Surrey, Floorcloth Manufacturer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
FLOORCLOTH AND OTHER ANALOGOUS FABRICS," to be as follows :-
The object of my Invention is to produce floorcloths and other
analogous fabrics, such as kamptulicon and linoleum, of a quality
which combines durability, softness, elasticity, and the noiseless tread
of kamptulicon and linoleum without increasing the cost of maņu-
facture. To this end I form the ground of the fabrio of a composition
of sawdust, wood fibre, cork dust, bran, chaff, or comminuted hay or
straw combined with whiting, ochre, Venetian red, or other pigment
or coloring matter and boiled oil. When this composition has been
properly mixed I lay it on the canvas by means of trowels in the
ordinary way of making floorcloth.

page_text: In carrying out my Invention I first sift the sawdust or other
comminuted woody or vegetable substance in order to remove therefrom
all the larger atoms, such as bits of wood or stick, chips, or shavings,
and I then add the fine sawdust to a mixture of whiting with a
sufficiency of ochre or other pigment to produce the required shade
of colour. As much water is added to the ingredients as they will
take up and form a pasty composition of the proper consistence for
travelling or laying on to the canvas, and I thoroughly mix all the
ingredients either by grinding them in a mill or otherwise. I then
add the boiled oil to the compound and beat it well into the mass.
The effect of this will be that the oil will drive the water out and will
take its place. The water is then to be drawn off and the composition
when brought to the proper consistency by the addition of a sufficient
quantity of oil, and driers may then be trowelled on to the fabric in the
ordinary manner.
The proportion of sawdust or woody fibre to be incorporated with
the other ingredients will vary with the quality of fabric intended
to be produced and the thickness of the ground, all of which vary with
the quality of the cloth to be produced.
Two, three, or more coats of the composition may be laid on in
succession until the required thickness of ground is obtained, taking
care however that one layer is dry before the next is applied. The
surface should be rubbed down with pumice stone before the successive
coats are applied to the cloth.
IMPROVEMENTS IN EFFECTING THE ANNEALING OF WIRE
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Astley Paston Price at the.
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th November 1872.-A communication from abroad by Robert
Hasenclever, of Stolberg, Prussia.
I, ASTLEY PASTON PRICE, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County
of Middlesex, Consulting Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN EFFECTING THE ANNEALING OF WIRE,"
a communication to me from abroad by Robert Hasenclever, of Stolberg,
Prussia, to be as follows:-
The ordinary method of preparing wire, iron and steel wire for
example, so as to render it capable of being drawn or reduced in
diameter, consists in heating the same either in closed or in open
chambers or vessels, and allowing it to cool gradually and to undergo
what is known as the annealing process, and in some cases submitting
the wire after such process to the action of an acid in order to effect the
removal of the scale or oxide formed upon the surface. Now this
Invention has for its object the effecting of the annealing of wire by
the employment of a bath of fused chloride of calcium which is heated

page_text: to a high temperature, and into which the wire is placed, and after
having remained in the bath for some time so as to attain the desired
temperature it is withdrawn and allowed to cool. Any chloride of
calcium which may adhere to the surface of the wire is removed by
means of water, and the wire after having been dried will be found to be
suitable for being drawn or reduced in diameter in or by the ordinary
draw bench, or otherwise.
In carrying out this new method of annealing, the chloride of calcium
may be contained in a cast iron or other suitable vessel, and the
temperature employed may be about that of a red heat. The wire to be
drawn is by preference introduced in a heated condition, viz., at that
temperature at which it leaves the die or reducing arrangement, and
after imersion for the desired time (in practice it is found that about
a quarter of an hour will suffice in the case of iron wire, but this will
vary with the diameter of the wire to be operated upon) the wire is
withdrawn and allowed to cool slowly, and when cold any adhering
chloride of calcium may be removed by immersion in or washing
with water.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PROPELLING VESSELS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th September 1872.-A communication from abroad by Maric
Charles Frédéric Chailan de Moriès, of Paris, France.
I, ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PROPELLING VESSELS,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improved apparatus for propelling vessels,
and consists of two cylinders disposed horizontally within the hull at the
stern of the vessel below the water linec. These cylinders are open at
their outer ends to the water, and each is fitted with a propelling piston
connected to the piston rod of a steam cylinder disposed in a line with
the propeller cylinder. The rods of the propeller pistons are connected
by a rocking lever and work alternately.
I have in the accompanying Drawings given an example of the
annatus
C 41.
Tion
13:
1

page_text: sectional elevation of the apparatus; Figure 2, a plan of same, also
partly in section; Figure 3 shows a longitudinal section of a vessel with
the propeller applied; Figure 4, a plan of same; while Figure 5 is a
transverse section taken through the propelling cylinders. The same
reference letters serve for all the Figures.
a, a, propelling cylinders of suitable dimensions closed at their inner
ends and disposed at the stern of the vessel b, as shown in Figures 3, 4,
and 5. c, c, propeller pistons; d, d, propeller piston rods working
through ends of the cylinders a, and connected with the engines.
In the Drawings the piston rods d, d, are shown as directly connected
to the piston rods e, e, of steam engines 9, 9. h, beam rocking on a
fulcrum i and connected at the ends to the piston rods d, d, by rods j, j,
so that the pistons may work with regularity. Pipes connected to
cylinders a at k serve to establish communication between the rear side
of pistons c and the external air. 2, pipe connecting cylinders a at their
inner ends.
It will be understood that cylinders a may also be made of any other
suitable form in cross section with pistons to suit. The propelling
apparatus may be driven by a steam engine such as that illustrated
in the Drawings or other motor, to impart alternate motion to the
pistons c, c, whereby the propulsion of the vessel is effected. Any
water that may pass behind the pistons is discharged at a valve on the
return stroke, at which time also the air contained at back of the pistons
passes out partly by pipes k, and partly also from one cylinder to the
other by the pipe Z.
One of the chief features of the apparatus consists in the employment
of the rocking lever h, as by its aid the pressure of the column of water
contained in the one cylinder on the return stroke of its piston assists the
forward stroke of the other piston.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOOTS AND SHOES AND OTHER COVERINGS OR PROTECTORS FOR THE FEET
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Margaret Harris Hollingworth
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with her Petition,
on the 24th January 1872.
I, MARGARET HARRIS HOLLINGWORTH, of Girlington, near Bradford,
in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for IMPROVEMENTS IN BOOTS AND SHOES AND OTHER COVERINGS OR PROTECTORS
FOR THE FEET," to be as follows, that is to say:
"6
-
My Invention relates to the employment of an electric conductor fixed
in the inner soles of boots, shoes, or slippers, or in clogs, for the purpose
of driving away diseases, preventing epidemics, fever, small pox, and
other contagious diseases, and dispelling noxious vapours."
The electric conductor is made of small thin oblong pieces of zinc fixed
in the upper soles of boots, shoes, or slippers, or in clogs; one of these
oblong pieces of zinc is fixed in the front part of the upper sole, and the
other in the heel part, being distinct one from the other. Copper or
silver wires are placed lengthways and in rows on the zinc pieces, and
rest on them; the wires being in contact with the zinc cause an electric
current to be set up, and the electricity emanating from the body escapes

page_text: by the wires which pass through the sole coming out at the toe and at
the heel respectively of the boot, shoe, slipper, or clog, thus producing a
preventive force, and gradually and silently discharging from the body
any excess of electric fluid, and causing a healthy electric action in a mild
and continuous form.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COCKS OR TAPS FOR BOTTLING
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Thomas Read at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th November 1872.
I, WILLIAM THOMAS READ, of 45 and 46, Saint Pancras Road, Kings
Cross, (Midland Railway Terminus), in the County of Middlesex, Export
Bottler, do hereby declare the nature of my Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN COCKS OR TAPS FOR BOTTLING," to be as follows :-
The object of my Invention is to afford a means of filling bottles with
liquid from casks or other vessels so as to prevent waste, and to enable
the bottler to fill the bottles accurately to any required height, with the
least exposure of the liquid to the air.
My apparatus consists of a cock or tap having two delivery nozzles or
spouts. These two outlets for the liquors are necessarily close together,
but they slightly diverge from one another so as to give room for two
bottles to be filled side by side.
The plug of my, tap has a passage cut through it so that it may
conduct the liquid either to the one delivery tube or to the other delivery
tube only, so that when full turned on to the 1 tube the other tube

page_text: is wholly shut off, each bottle can therefore be filled without stopping
the flow of the liquid.
The plug is actuated by a handle or spanner which may project in
front of the tap, and if it is turned towards the right hand it gradually
opens the right hand tube, and if then turned to the left hand it opens 5
the left hand tube. When in the centre the way in the plug is open to
both tubes, and when turned at right angles the tap is shut off.
When being used the bottler applies a bottle to each tube and by
turning the spanner he allows the liquid to enter either bottle. When
that bottle is nearly full he begins to turn the spanner, and so gradually 1
diverts the stream of liquid into the other bottle. When the liquid in
the first bottle is risen to a sufficient height in its neck the full stream.
of liquid is by still further turning the spanner wholly diverted into
the other bottle. The first bottle which is now full is then removed
The stream
and an empty one put in its place, and so on alternately.
of liquid is therefore never stopped for an instant unless desired, and the
bottler has ample opportunity for removing the full bottles and replacing
them with empty ones with great deliberation.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON- STRUCTION OF STREET LAMPS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Hopkinson, the elder, and
John Hopkinson, the younger, at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 21st March 1872.
We, JOHN HOPKINSON, the elder, and JOHN HOPKINSON, the younger,
both of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineers, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON-
STRUCTION OF STREET LAMPS," to be as follows:-
Our improvement consists in the general arrangement of the lamp and
lamp frame, whereby the shadow formed by the frame is reduced to a
minimum.
Our improved street lamp consists of a light wrought-iron frame with
a metal ring at the top, into which a glass shade of circular section is
dropped from above. The upper portion of the frame has small pro-
jecting brackets to carry a dome-shaped or conical cover made of glass or
other material. If this cover be of glass a perforation is required at the
top for ventilation.
The peculiarity of the lamp consists in the horizontal sections of the
glass being circular, and in the frame being made independent of the

page_text: glass, also in the glass being dropped into the frame or simply resting
thereon.
Our improved mode of constructing street lamps not only reduces the
shadow thrown on the ground and increases the illumination in the
street or road, but it reduces the cost thereof, and greatly facilitates the 5
cleaning.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REAPING AND MOWING MACHINES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Adam Carlisle Bamlett at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st August 1872.
I, ADAM CARLISLE BANLETT, of Thirsk, in the County of York,
Agricultural Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN REAPING AND MOWING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in combined reaping &
mowing machines, the object being to increase the. width of the reaping
cut in such machines in a more simple manner than has hitherto been
accomplished; & consists mainly in making the knife bar long enough
to hold one more cutting "section" than is required for mowing, & in
forming with the reaping shoe an additional finger.
When desired to be used for reaping the mowing shoe is removed from
the finger bar & the reaping shoe bolted on, & the additional "section,"
is rivetted on to the knife bar, so that the width of cut in reaping
is increased by one finger & "section" which will be found of great
advantage.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SCUTCHING FLAX AND OTHER FIBROUS VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Cardwell M°Bride at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 7th June 1872.
I, WILLIAM CARDWELL MCBRIDE, of Belfast, in the County of
Antrim, Ireland, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SCUTCHING FLAX AND OTHER FIBROUS
VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This machine holds the flax for the purpose of scutching by means
of endless belts or ropes acting or traversing upon a grooved wheel, the
flax being placed between the wheel and belts or ropes. By the re-
volution of the wheel the rope closes on the flax, and pressing it into
the grooves thereby holds it firmly for the purpose of being acted upon
by the beaters or scutchers hereafter to be described. One end of the
material being dressed as far up as where it is held, the further revo-
lution of the wheel releases the hold of the flax, which at the same time
is caught by the already dressed end by a second wheel provided as the
first (already described) with ropes, and the undressed part is carried
into a second scutching chamber and there dressed by apparatus similar
to that of the first, now to be described.

page_text: The scutching or dressing is accomplished by means of beaters on two
parallel horizontal shafts geared together so as to turn at the same rate
but in opposite directions, or towards each other. The two leading
beaters and the two following beaters to each shaft are arranged as
leader and follower, and placed near to each other with an interval
between, into which a movable bar on the other or opposite turning
shaft falls, the said bar being arranged to go to or from the centre so
as to give greater or less tension to the flax, increasing or diminishing
the efficacy of the blow which is given by the leader of the one shaft
close over the follower of the other; thus the flax is alternately struck
on each side being held up by the follower and struck by the leader, and
at the same time held in proper tension by the movable bar. Again
the flax after leaving the first rope and wheel having one end dressed the
dressed end is smoothed down by a small "switcher" which straightens
the end and presents it evenly and fairly to the second holding
apparatus. A second "switcher" straightens the other end, and thus
lays the flax across the ropes, when it is finished and so passes out of
the machine, when it is taken off the ropes and laid straight on a saddle-
formed table by means of a stripping or gathering wheel, which is a
wheel having pins on its circumference moved to and fro by means of a
cam and levers taking the flax off the ropes by the projecting pins, and
withdrawing the pins at the proper time so as to leave the flax straightly
placed across the table.
L
antion in also enplicable to other fibrous recentable substances