Improvements in File-cutting-machines.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 1st Mar., 1894-Accepted, 7th Apr, 1894
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in File-cutting-machines.
1, JEAN BÉCHÉ, Jr. of Hückeswagen, in the Province of the Rhine, Kingdom
of Prussia, German Empire, Engineer and Manufacturer do hereby declare the
nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention refers to machines for providing files automatically with the
cuttings, and my improvements in such machines relate, first, to means for varying
the force of the blows of the cutting-chisel automatically as well as by hand; and
second, to means effecting the intermittent motion of the file during cutting, as will
all be more fully described hereinafter.
In order to make my invention more clear, I refer to the accompanying drawing,
in which similar letters denote similar parts throughout the several views, and in
which :-
Fig. 1 shows the front-view of the improved machine, the cylinder on the top
being in section, and the left-hand part of the file-cutting-bed being broken off.
Fig. 2 shows a side-view of the machine,
Fig. 3 is a plan of the lower part of the machine, the section being taken on
line 17-18 of Fig. 1 ;
Fig. 4 is the front-view of the lower part of the machine, the lefthand part of
the file-cutting-bed, as well as the upper part of the frame being broken off.
Figs. 5, 6 & 7 are details belonging to the upper part of the machine ;
Figs. 8 & 9 are front-views of the intermittent gearing-device;
Fig. 10 is an upper-view of the same;
Figs. 11, 12, 13 and 14 are lefthand side-views and righthand side-views of the
gearing-device in two positions corresponding to Figs. 8 & 9.
Figs. 15 & 16 are details of the gearing-device.
The base a, Figs. 1-3, of the machine carries besides the frame proper a¹ a
special bed a² of oblique configuration, forming the file-cutting-bed. This bed
contains a slide with a special bearing-piece b', to which is secured the file c to
The said slide may be intermittently moved upwards by means of a
screwed spindle d, Fig. 2, as will be more fully described hereinafter.
be cut.
The chisel e, Fig. 2, by means of which the cuttings on the file are produced, is
attached to a strong bar, the upper end of which extends into the cylinder a³ at
the top of the frame, as to be seen in Fig. 1. A cam g, Figs. 1-2, fixed to
shaft and driven from pulley g², acts intermittently on a projection secured to
bar, so that thereby this bar is alternately raised and released, together with
chisel e. The latter on each fall produces a cut on file c.
The force of the blow is given not only by the weight of barf, but mainly by
the reacting elasticity of an india-rubber-block h, Fig. 1. This block is held at its
upper end by the cylinder-cover a, and is compressed from below by the action of
cam g on projection f, so that barf with the chisel is thrown powerfully downwards
as soon as the parts 9 and have come out of contact.
In some sorts of files the thickness increases towards the middle part of the same.
These parts when coming under the chisel will not receive as powerful blows as
the other parts, as the height of stroke of bar f is reduced then corresponding to
the greater thickness of the file. To compensate this, the india-rubber block h
should be compressed in a correspondingly higher degree, which is automatically
effected by the following arrangement.
A ledge i, Figs. 1 & 2, the shape of which is dependent on that of the respective

page_text: file, is attached to slide 7, and is acting on a roller k, secured to the lower end of
a rod k¹. This rod extends upwards beyond cylinder a³, Fig. 2, and is connected
at this end with an axle 1 by means of a lever-arm 1, Figs. 5-7. The other end
of said axle carries an eccentric adapted to serve as fulcrum for a double-armed
lever m m¹. Arm mis connected by link m² with the moveable cylinder-cover a*
above block, whilst arm m is movably connected with a spindle n, the lower
threaded end of which extends through the long nave n' of a hand-wheel n².
i
If, now, rod is raised by the projecting part of ledge (which, as a matter of
course, occurs always when a thicker portion of the body of a file comes under the
chisel), shaft will be turned in such a direction by lever arm 1, Fig. 5, that
eccentric 12, which in Fig. 1 has a middle position, moves downwards, so that
lever m m is turned like one lever-arm, the upper end of rod n forming the
fulcrum. The movable cover a', is, thus, lowered, Fig. 5, so that a pressure is
exerted on the india-rubber block from above, and the stronger reaction of the
india-rubber, when compressed also from below, co-operates with the less force of
the fall of rod, so that in the whole the chisel is thrown downwards onto the file
always with the same power.
If, however, the force of the blows shall be altered by hand, the wheel n² is
turned, so that rod n is lowered and raised, according to the direction of rotation of
said wheel. In either case, eccentric will form then the journal for lever m m¹,
and the latter thus will raise or lower the cover a*.
The file is held in position during cutting by a presser-roll o, Figs. 1, 3 & 4,
held by an arm o'. The latter is secured to a shaft o' which has fixed to it a long
lever-arm o carrying at its end a weight o, by the influence of which latter the
roll o is strongly pressed onto the file and the file onto its bed, on which it is held
by friction. If, after finishing cutting, the slide with the bed shall be brought back
to its former, initial position (which is effected by hand in a manner afterwards
explained), it becomes necessary to free the same from the pressure of roll o, as
otherwise the said backward movement would be rendered difficult by that
pressure. This is the more the case, as also the pressure exerted by the heavy
bar must be considered.
In order, now, to release the slide from those two pressures, lever o³ is connected
by means of a link o' with a lever-arm of fixed to a shaft o'. The front-end of this
shaft carries a hand-lever 08, Figs. 2 & 3, by means of which lever of and link o
may be moved from the position in Fig. 1 into that shown in Fig. 4. The parts in
question are held in this position by a thumb o, Fig. 4, fixed to shatt o'; roll o has
left then the file, so that the latter is freed from the draught of weight of. Lever o³
when being in the position shown in Fig. 4 has lifted also roll k a short distance
from ledge by pushing against a projection 2, Fig. 2, forming an elongation of
the journal of roll k in the lower end of rod k'.
There remain now to be described the mechanisms for moving the spindle in one
or the other direction, by power or by hand, which is performed by aid of the
following arrangement.
The inclined spindle d carries at its upper end a bevel-wheel meshing with a
like wheel p', Figs. 8-10, on shaft p². The latter carries at its righthand end
a ratchet-wheel ³, Figs. 8-10 & 15, into which takes a pawl pt attached to a
lever p. The latter is loosely fulcrumed on shaft p², and is oscillated from shaft g',
Figs. 1 & 2, by eccentric g³ and eccentric-rod g. Shaft p² is, thus, intermittently
rotated in the same direction.
If now, the file has been cut and slide bb shall be moved back to its former,
initial position, the gearing between ratchet p³ and pawl must be interrupted for
that time. For this purpose, a wheel r, Figs. 8-10, 15 & 16, which is loosely
arranged on shaft between ratchet-wheel and pawl-lever p³, is provided with
cogs on but a part of its circumference, and carries opposite thereto a bent pro-
jection or ledger (Figs. 15 & 16) that is adapted to lift pawl pt out of the ratchets
and hold it off therefrom, as represented in Fig. 16. Wheel is meshing with a
similar wheel having but as few teeth as necessary for turning wheel r with

page_text: ledge from the position shown in Fig. 15 into that shown in Fig. 16. Wheel r²
is fixed to the righthand end of a shaft (Figs. 8, 9, 11-16), which at its other
end carries a weighted lever r, Figs. 8, 9, 11 & 13, the purpose of which is to
maintain ledge of wheel r in either of its two end-positions, the position of
lever in Fig. 13 corresponding to that of ledge in Fig. 15, whilst Fig. 11
corresponds to Fig. 16.
The lefthand end of shaft p² carries a cog-wheels, Figs. 9 & 10, meshing with
a cog-wheel son shaft s³, Figs. 8-10 & 11-14; this shaft is longitudinally
displaceable in its bearings, and has a hand-wheel by means of which it may be
turned. Normally, the shaft 2 has the position shown in Fig. 8, in which the cog-
wheels ss are out of gear; they are prevented from coming spontaneously into
gear by a thumb t, Figs. 8 & 11, forming part of a sleeve t fixed to shaft.
This thumb is wedge-like, its edge being at that rim, which first touches the side
of cog-wheel s', Figs. 8 & 11, when the thumb is moved from its position of rest,
Fig. 13. to its working-position, Fig. 11. The thumb is also used for keeping the
said two wheels in gear after shaft 2 has been displaced to the right. This is
effected by first changing the position of the weighted-lever, so that the latter
gets the position shown in Fig. 13, then displacing the shafts with wheel s', so
that this wheel comes into gear with cog-wheels, and finally changing the position
of lever again, so that thumb t of sleeve t' is laid now against the other side of
cog-wheels, as to be seen in Fig. 9.
In order to effect, that bevel-wheel p with spindle d instantly ceases turning
when pawl has ceased to act on the ratchet-wheel på (for the purpose of
getting perfectly equal and sharp cuttings), the nave of wheel p is to its greatest
part surrounded by a strong spring w, Figs. 8 & 9, the two legs w w² of which are
forked and embrace the shaft s2, as shown in dotted line in Figs. 11 & 13. Leg w
of spring w is prevented from giving way to the left side by a pin w³ screwed
into the frame of the machine, whilst the other leg can be moved a short way
lefthand by a swells of shaft & every time when this shaft is set out of gear with
shaft (by the cog-wheels s s¹). The spring to w w is then pressed on the nave
of wheel p, so as to act now as a brake, with regard to this wheel, and to prevent
undue movements of the latter. The braking power is, however, not so great as
to interfere with the proper intermediate rotation of spindle d by pawl pand
ratchet-wheel p³.
If, afterwards, shaft 2 is displaced to the right (Fig. 9), the swells leaves the
leg of the brake-spring, so that the backward movement of the slide by means
of hand-wheels is not hindered.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
_
1. In a file-cutting-machine, the combination with the chisel-bar adapted to be
raised intermittently, of an elastic body adapted to be compressed or strained by
the raised chisel-bar, and to strengthen the blows of the same, for the purpose as
described.
2. In a file-cutting machine, the combination with the chisel-bar adapted to be
raised intermittently of an elastic body adapted to be compressed or strained by
the raised chisel-bar, and to strengthen the blows of the same, the counter-bearing
for said elastic body being adjustable, for the purpose as described.
3. In a file-cutting-machine, the combination with the chisel-bar adapted to be
raised intermittently, of an elastic body adapted to be compressed or strained by
the raised chisel-bar, and to strengthen the blows of the same, the counter-bearing
for said elastic body being automatically adjustable by the machine, for the
purpose as described.
4. In a file-cutting machine, the combination with the chisel-bar adapted to be
raised intermittently, of an elastic body adapted to be compressed or strained by
the raised chisel-bar, and to strengthen the blows of the same, the counter-bearing

page_text: for said elastic body being connected with a lever adapted to be turned by hand as
well as automatically by the machine, for the purpose as described.
5. In a file-cutting-machine, the combination with the chisel-bar adapted to be
raised intermittently, of an elastic body adapted to be compressed or strained by the
raised chisel-bar, and to strengthen the blows of the same, the counter-bearing for
said elastic body being connected with a lever held by an eccentric, the latter being
adapted to be turned automatically by the machine, for the purpose as described.
6 In a file-cutting machine, the combination with the chisel-bar adapted to be
raised intermittently, of an elastic body adapted to be compressed or strained by
the raised chisel-bar, and to strengthen the blows of the same, the counter-bearing
for said elastic body being connected with the one end of a double-armed lever
held by an eccentric, the other arm being connected with a draw- or push-rod,
said lever beiug adapted to be turned on said eccentric as well as by the same, for
the purpose as described.
7. In a file-cutting-machine, the combination with the chisel-bar adapted to be
raised intermittently, of an elastic body adapted to be compressed or strained by the
raised chisel-bar, and to strengthen the blows of the same, the counter-bearing for
said elastic body being connected with a lever adapted to be turned by an eccentric,
the shaft of the latter being connected by a lever with a rod arranged parallel or
nearly parallel with the chisel-bar, said rod being adapted to be displaced longi-
tudinally by an exchangeable ledge on the file-bed, for the purpose as described.
8. In a file-cutting-machine, the combination with the chisel-bar adapted to be
raised intermittently, of an elastic body adapted to be compressed or strained by
the raised chisel-bar, and to strengthen the blows of the same, the whole being
combined with a slide adapted to receive the file to be cut and to be intermittently
displaced in an inclined guide-bed, for the purpose as described.
9. In a file-cutting machine, the combination with the chisel-bar adapted to be
raised intermittently by a cam, of an elastic body adapted to be compressed or
strained by the raised chisel-bar, and to strengthen the blows of the same; a slide
adapted to receive the file to be cut being arranged in an inclined guide-bed, and
being adapted to be intermittently displaced by a threaded spindle driven by
wheel-gearing from a shaft carrying a lever with pawl, said lever being connected
with an eccentric on the shaft of the cam, for the purpose as described.
10. In a file-cutting machine, the combination with the chisel-bar adapted to be
raised intermittently, of an elastic body adapted to be compressed or strained by the
raised chisel-bar, and to strengthen the blows of the same; a slide adapted to receive
the file to be cut being arranged in an inclined guide bed; and a roller adapted
to press the file onto said slide being connected with a weighted lever, for the
purpose as described.
11. In a file-cutting-machine, the combination with the chisel-bar adapted to be
raised intermittently, of an elastic body adapted to be compressed or strained by
the raised chisel-bar, and to strengthen the blows of the same, the counter-
bearing for said elastic body being connected with a lever adapted to be turned
by an eccentric, the shaft of the latter being connected by a lever with a rod
arranged parallel or nearly parallel to the chisel-bar, said rod being adapted to be
displaced longitudinally by an exchangeable ledge on the slide, receiving the file to
be cut; a roller adapted to press the file onto said slide being connected with a
weighted lever, the latter being adapted to be lifted, together with the rod resting
on the exchangeable slide, for the purpose as described.
12. In a file-cutting machine, the combination with the chisel-bar adapted to
be raised intermittently, of an elastic body adapted to be compressed or strained
by the raised chisel-bar, and to strengthen the blows of the same; a slide adapted
to receive the file to be cut being adapted to be intermittently displaced by a
threaded spindle driven by wheel-gearing from a shaft carrying a lever with pawl,
the latter being adapted to be disengaged by a rotatable ledge held by a weighted
lever in one or the other end-position, for the purpose as described.
13. In a file-cutting-machine, the combination with the chisel-bar adapted to be

page_text: raised intermittently, of an elastic body adapted to be compressed or strained by
the raised chisel-bar, and to strengthen the blows of the same; a slide adapted
to receive the file to be cut, being adapted to be intermittently displaced by a
threaded spindle driven by wheel-gearing from a shaft carrying a lever with
pawl, the latter being adapted to be disengaged by a rotatable ledge, connected
by a wheel-gearing with a weighted lever, adapted to hold said ledge in one or
the other end-position, the wheel carrying said ledge being arranged on the shaft
of the ratchet-wheel for the pawl, said shaft carrying also a cog-wheel adapted to
be connected, with, and disconnected from, another shaft, the latter carrying a
crank or crank-wheel, and being adapted to be displaced longitudinally, for the
purpose as described.
Daten is 15 da OL DIRTCH1 1034.
JEAN BÉCHÉ,
By Geo. Thos. Hyde,
Agent for the Applicant.