IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ANCHORS
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Daniel Williams and John Gurr, both of Egbert
Street, St. George's Road, in the County of Middlesex, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF ANCHORS."
Sealed the 30th June 1874, and dated the 8th January 1874.

page_text: method of forming and arranging the arms and crown of the anchor in
combination with the shank thereof, and in order to distinguish the
same from other previous methods or forms of construction we intend
to designate anchors constructed according to our improved method as
"trunnion anchoro "
combination with the shank thereof, and in order to distinguish the
same from other previous methods or forms of construction we intend
to designate anchors constructed according to our improved method as
"trunnion anchors "
The improvements consist,-
Firstly, in forming the lower end of the shank with side trunnions.
Secondly (1) in forming the arms of the anchor separately or in two
parts, with the shoulder of each in combination with one-half of the
crown; (2) in recessing, slotting, or cutting away the inner face or part
of each half of the crown; and (3) in bolting the arms together on either
side of the shank, with part of the recesses enclosing the trunnions and
top part of the shank in such a manner that the arms shall turn freely
thereon, and with the other part of the recesses working against the
sides of the shanks with only sufficient play that the movements of the
arms in either directions shall be arrested at the proper angle by the
ends of such recessed parts bearing against the shank.
And thirdly, in forming the arms from the crown to the palms of the
arms with one or more projecting ribs, which, terminating at the palms or
being carried through the palms to the points of the arms, will strike the
ground and cause the arms to enter more effectually than at present.
These ribs will also serve to give weight and strength to the arms.
The effect of the combination of the first and second of the above
described improvements will be that the holding power of the anchor is
greatly augmented, inasmuch as the crown forming part of the arms
will move therewith, assuming all their positions, and will thus enable
them to enter the ground to their fullest holding extent.
Another and important feature of the Invention consists in the
external form of the crown, which is made somewhat of a triangular
shape at its upper part, and by being made a part of the arms and
turning on the trunnion of the shank with the arms by its peculiar form
will effectually aid the arms in taking the ground, and will also greatly
increase the holding power of the anchor.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Daniel Williams and John Gurr in the Great
.Seal Patent Office on the 8th July 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, DANIEL
WILLIAMS and JOHN GURR, both of Egbert Street, Saint George's Road,,
in the County of Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of January, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-
seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said Daniel Williams and John Gurr, Her
special licence that we, the said Daniel Williams and John Gurr, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said
Daniel Williams and John Gurr, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
ANCHORS," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Daniel
Williams and John Gurr, our executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under our, or one of our or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Daniel Williams and John Gurr,

page_text: The improvements constituting the main part of our Invention and
forming its characteristic feature consist in an improved and simple
method of forming and arranging the arms and crown of the anchor in
combination with the shank thereof, and in order to distinguish the
same from other previous methods or forms of construction we intend to
designate anchors constructed according to our Invention as "trunnion
anchors."
designate anchors constructed according to our Invention as
anchors."
The improvements consist,―
❝ trunnion
Firstly, in forming the lower end of the shank with side trunnions.
Secondly (1) in forming the arms separately with the shoulders of
each in combination with one-half or part of the crown; (2) in recessing,
slotting, or cutting away the inner face or part of each such half or part
of the crown; and (3) in bolting the arms together on either side of the
shank, with part of the recesses enclosing the trunnions (and the top of
the shank) in such a manner that the arms shall turn freely thereon,
and with the other part of the recesses working against the sides of the
shank with only sufficient play that the movements of the arms in either
direction shall be arrested at the proper angle by the ends of such
recessed parts bearing against the shank.
Thirdly, in forming the arms from the crown to the palms of the arms
with one or more projecting ribs terminating at the palms or carried
through the palms to the points of the arms.
And, Fourthly, in forming the exterior of the crown somewhat of a
triangular shape.
The effect of the combination of the 1st and 2nd of the above
described improvements is that the holding power of the anchor is
greatly augmented, inasmuch as the crown forming part of the arms
moves therewith, assuming all their positions, and thus enables them to
enter the ground to the fullest holding extent whilst the additional
effects of the third of the above described improvements is that the
ground is more quickly struck or taken by the ribs, which also serve to
give weight and strength to the arms, and that the arms are thereby
caused to enter the ground more effectually than at present, and of the
fourth of the above described improvements is that the arms are further
aided in taking the ground, and that the holding power of the anchor is
increased.

page_text: hitherto required to ship an anchor as usually done, and that the palms
are shown as broadened with sharper edges, and also that the halves of
the crown are made with a continuous catching edge 9.
Figure 16 represents a similar view to Figure 4, but shows the recess 6
› as made to allow of the play of the shank or of the arms and crown to
55° on each side of the central position (we would here remark, however,
that we do not limit ourselves to the above-mentioned degrees of move-
ment of the shank or of the arms and crown).
Figure 17 represents a side view, and. Figure 18 a front view of an
O arm with a rounded, broadened, sharp edged palm, and with the ribs 7
extending therethrough.
Figures 19 and 20 represent similar views thereto, but show the arms
as made with a broadened, flattened, sharp pointed palm, with two ribs
7 at each edge. It should be understood that any of the above parts
may be used in combination.
Figure 21 represents the application of a modification of our Inven-
tion to a mushroom anchor, which is shown as a similar view to
Figure 9, but is in section, the trunnion or its equivalent in this case
being formed as a ball 14, and applied as a ball and socket, and held by
a conical socket 15, which is retained in position by catch lugs 16 and
rivets 17.
And Figure 22 represents a plan view thereof, supposing 18 to be the
ground line.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature and
objects of our said Invention, together with the manner in which the
same is to be or may be performed or carried into practical effect, we
would remark in conclusion that we claim as our Invention the above
described improvements in the construction of anchors, substantially as
described and as illustrated on the accompanying Drawings, but more
> especially we claim,―
1. The application to the shanks of anchors of side trunnions (or
their equivalents, such as a ball).
2. The formation of the arms separately, and each with one-half or
part of the crown and the peculiar conformations of each thereof.

page_text: And 3. The combination of the shank and arms and crown, substan-
tially as above specified, so as to form a trunnion anchor.
In witness whereof, we, the said Daniel Williams and John Gurr,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Seventh day of July,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
four.
Witness,
BRISTOW HUNT,
Solicitor and Patent Agent,
5, Serle Street,
Lincoln's Inn.
DANIEL WILLIAMS. (L.S.)
JOHN GURR.
(L.S.)