IMPROVEMENTS IN ARRANGEMENTS AND APPARATUS FOR VENTILATING, FOR PROTECTING FROM HEAT. AND FOR HEATING AND COOKING
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Steven, Ironfounder, of Glasgow, and
Charles Batty, Atmospheric Engineer, of London, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN ARRANGEMENTS AND APPARATUS FOR VENTILATING, FOR
PROTECTING FROM HEAT. AND FOR HEATING AND COOKING,"
Sealed the 7th October 1864, and dated the 14th April 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Steveu and Charles
;
Batty at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition on the 14th April 1864.
We, THOMAS STEVEN, Ironfounder, of Glasgow, and CHARLES BATTY,
Atmospheric Engineer, of London, do hereby declare the nature of the
IN ARRANGEMENTS AND APPARATUS FOR
said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
VENTILATING, FOR PROTECTING FROM HEAT, AND FOR HEATING. AND COOKING," to
be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to the producing or inducing of atmospheric or
aeriform currents with the aid of heat and otherwise for ventilating,
for protecting from heat, and for heating, and to apparatus therefor,
and for applying heat in cooking.
For inducing fresh air into a room or enclosed space, a duct com
municating with the outside is formed under the floor and communicates
by an opening in the floor with an ornamental structure placed over the
C037

page_text: opening and formed with internal passages for the air and with openings
for its discharge into the room. The internal passages are formed with
projections for the air to impinge against and are arranged to enclose a
central space which is heated by an oil or spirit lamp by gas jets, by hot
water, or by fuel, and the heat not only assists or induces the incoming
current of air but also heats it.. This apparatus may be made of metal,
earthenware, or glass, or of a combination of materials.
For discharging vitiated air from a room or enclosed space, a passage
is made completely across above the ceiling or roof, from one side of the
house or apartment to the other, for example, and this passage com-
municates with the room by an open ornament, at the sides of which
there are in the passage two valves the one on the windward side closing
to prevent ingress and the one on the lee side opening for egress. If
however it is preferred to discharge vitiated air by a vertical passage
or duct, a pyramidal hood with apertures in the sides is applied to the
outlet, and wind striking thereon is diverted upwards by the inclined
sides, and aids the upward current from the duct. Similar pyramidal
hoods applied to chimneys or smoke vents will assist the draught and
prevent smoke.
For obtaining inward and outward air currents or inward currents
only through the ceiling or roof of a room or enclosed space, or through
the deck of a ship, an apparatus is externally applied being of a
rectangular or other convenient form in horizontal section. Two vertical
passages formed in the centre communicate below with the space to be
ventilated, and above with opposite sides of the apparatus, such sides
being fitted with various curved and inclined plates and flaps arranged
to direct any impinging currents into the inlet passage on the windward
side. The vitiated air escapes by the other passage or by separate
apparatus situated at a little distance.
In arranging apparatus for ventilating sewers, the bad air is with-
drawn at points chosen so that the air currents in the sewer shall coincide
with and be assisted by the currents of water. The bad air is withdrawn
and discharged by shafts or chimneys each fitted with a central, internal,
tortuously arranged flue carrying up the products of combustion from a
furnace, a portion of the air from the sewer passing through such
furnace.
For the protecting of a safe or other object from heat air spaces are
formed so as to entirely encompass the safe with an inlet for cold
external air and with an outlet communicating with a chimney or other
shaft or vent so arranged that when the air in the space is heated by a
fire, a vigorous current of constantly renewed cool air is set up.

page_text: In a modification of hot air stove constructed according to this Inven-
tion there is a central fire-box which is supplied with fuel at the top,
whilst the products of combustion pass off by an annular or jacket space
surrounding the lower part of the fire box with the ash-pit or air inlet
space, and finally enter a flue passing under the floor. The air to supply
the stove may be received by a passage from the outside. Advantage
Is taken of the interior of the flue jacket and the space beneath the fire
to heat air which enters the bottom of an internal jacket, and is dis-
charged by passages from the upper part thereof crossing the flue space.
The outside of this stove is by preference fitted with metal gills or flanges,
and an improvement relating to the gills, and applicable to various gill
stoves consists in using horizontal or inclined gills or flanges either alone
or in combination with the ordinary vertical flanges, the object being to
spread the warm air laterally. Openings or passages are formed through
the horizontal or inclined flanges, to give the air.access to the inner parts
of the spaces between or above them.
Another improvement applicable to, various kinds of gill stoves, con-
sists in mounting the stove on a hollow box or pedestal. receiving air
from the outside, or by side openings, and supplying it to the gill spaces
by openings in the top between the gills and to the fire-box by other
openings..
An improvement applicable to what "are termed "angle-cheek,"
register" grates consists in fixing across between the cheeks and near
the back a vertical or nearly vertical plate which forms a kind of inverted
syphon, and tends to improve the draught, and by as it were drawing the
air closely down upon the fire prevent smoke.
In an improved kitchener or cooking range constructed according to
this Invention thin vertical or other tubes are used for the front fire-bars,
and air being allowed to pass freely up them they do not become over-
heated. An open horizontal space is formed above the fire-bars, and at
the top side of this space there is an inclined plate which acts like a
syphon and causes entering air and that issuing from the tubular bars,
if such are used, to be directed downwards into the fire. An L-shaped
boiler is applied at the back of the fire at a level a little above the
bottom fire-bars so that some of the ignited fuel may be under it, and air
induction tubes are fitted to the sides of the fire space and into the flue
above the oven to improve the combustion. The ash-pit is divided into
a back and a front space, and a door or slide is provided to stop the
inlet of air.at the back space when a great heat is not wanted.
An improvement in the cheaper kind of cooking range, consists in
forming a flange projecting from the oven side near the back of the fire

page_text: so that a part of the fire may be under and behind it, a portion of the fire
gases also passing up behind it.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters l'atent, filed
by the said Thomas Steven and Charles Batty in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 14th October 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, THOMAS
STEVEN, Ironfounder, of Glasgow, and CHARLES BATTY, Atmospheric
Engineer, of London, send greeting.
WHEREAS Hei most. Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of April, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the 27th year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto us, the said Thomas Steven and Charles Batty, Her special license
that we, the said Thomas Steven and Charles Batty, our executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Thomas Steven
and Charles Batty our executors, administrators, or assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands and Isle of Man, and Invention
for IMPROVEMENTS IN ARRANGEMENTS AND APPARATUS FOR VENTILATING, FOR
PROTECTING FROM HEAT, AND FOR HEATING AND COOKING," upon the condition
(amongst others) that we, the said Thomas Steven and Charles Batty
our executors or administrators, by an instrument-in writing under our,
or one of our; or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Thomas Steven and Charles Batty,
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, in writing, and on reference being
had to the accompanying Drawings, that is to say :—
This Invention relates to the producing or inducing of atmospheric

page_text: or aeriform currents with the aid of heat and otherwise, for ventilating,
for protecting from heat, and for heating, and to apparatus therefor,
and for applying heat in cooking.
Firstly, for inducing fresh air into a room or enclosed space, a duct
communicating with the outside of the building is formed under the
floor, and communicates by an opening in the floor with an ornamental
pedestal or structure placed over the opening, and formed with internal
passages for the air, and with openings for its discharge into the room.
The internal passages are formed with flanges or projections for the
air to impinge against, and are arranged to enclose a central space to
contain water, which is heated by an oil or spirit lamp, by gas jets, or
by fuel, and the heat not only assists or induces the incoming current of
air, but also heats it. This apparatus may be made of metal, earthen-
ware, or glass, or of a combination of materials.
Secondly, for discharging. vitiated air from a room or enclosed space
a passage is made completely across the building, above the ceiling or
roof, from one side of the house or apartment to the other (for example)
and open to the external atmosphere at each end, and this passage.com-
municates with the room by an open ornament in the ceiling, at the sides
of which there are in the passage two valves, the one on the windward
side closing to prevent ingress, and the one on the lee side opening for
egress. If, however, it is preferred to discharge vitiated air by a vertical
passage or duct, a pyramidal hood, with apertures in the sides is applied
to the outlet, and wind striking thereon is diverted upwards by the
inclined sides, and aids the. upward current from the duct. Similar
pyramidal hoods applied to chimneys or smoke vents will assist the
draught, and prevent smoke.
Thirdly, for obtaining inward and outward air current or inward
currents only through the ceiling or roof of a room or enclosed space,
or through the deck of a ship, an apparatus is externally applied, being
of a rectangular or other convenient form in horizontal section. Two
vertical passages formed in the centre communicate below with the space
to be ventilated, and above with opposite sides of the apparatus, such
sides being fitted internally with various curved and inclined plates and
flaps, arranged so as to direct any impinging currents of air into the
inlet passage on the windward side. The vitiated air escapes by the
other passage or by separate apparatus situated at a little distance.
Fourthly, in arranging apparatus for ventilating sewers the bad air is
withdrawn at points chosen, by preference, near the outfall, or at the
bottom of an incline, so that the air currents in the sewer shall coincide
with and be assisted by the currents of water. The bad air is with-

page_text: drawn and discharged by shafts or chimneys each fitted with a central
internal tortuously arranged flue carrying up the products of combus-
tion from a furnace, a portion of the air from the sewer passing through
such furnace.
Fifthly, for the protecting of a safe or other object from heat air spaces
are formed so as to entirely encompass the safe, with an inlet for cold
external air, and with an outlet communicating with a chimney or other
shaft or vent so arranged that when the air in the spaces is heated by a
fire a vigorous current of constantly renewed cool air is set up.
Sixthly, in a modification of hot-air stove constructed according to this
Invention, there is a central fire-box, which is supplied with fuel at the
top, whilst the products of combustion pass off by an annular or jacket
space surrounding the lower part of the fire-box with the ash-pit or air-
inlet space, and finally enter a flue passing under the floor. The air to
supply the stove may be received by a passage from the outside.
Advantage is taken of the interior of the flue jacket and the space
beneath the fire to heat air, which enters the bottom of an internal
jacket, and is discharged by passages from the upper part thereof cross-
ing the flue space. The outside of the stove is by preference fitted with
metal gills or flanges, and an improvement relating to the gills, and
applicable to various gill stoves, consists in using horizontal or inclined
gills or flanges, either alone or in combination with the ordinary vertical
flanges, the object being to spread the warm air laterally. Openings
or passages are formed through the horizontal or inclined flanges to give
the air access to the inner parts of the spaces between or above them.
Another improvement applicable to this and various kinds of gill
stoves consists in mounting the stove on a hollow box or pedestal receiv-
ing air from the outside or by side openings, and supplying it to the gill
spaces by openings in the top between the gills, and also to the fire-box
by other openings.
Seventhly, an improvement applicable to what are termed "angle-
cheek register" grates consists in fixing across between the cheeks and
near the back a vertical or nearly vertical plate which forms a kind of
inverted syphon, and tends to improve the draught, and by (as it were)
drawing the air closely down upon the fire, to prevent smoke.
Eighthly, in an improved kitchener or cooking range constructed
according to this Invention, thin vertical or other tubes are used for the
front fire-bars, and air being allowed to pass freely up them they do not
become overheated. An open horizontal space is formed above the fire-
bars, and at the top side of this space there is an inclined plate, which
acts like a syphon, and causes entering air and that issuing from the

page_text: tubular bars (if such are used) to be directed downwards into the fire.
An L-shaped boiler is applied at the back of the fire, at a level a little
above the bottom fire-bars, so that some of the ignited fuel may be under
it, and air induction tubes are fitted to the sides of the fire space, and
into the flue above the oven to improve the combustion. The ash-pit
is divided into a back and a front space, and a door or slide is provided
therein, which acts as a damper when opened by allowing of the inlet
of cool air to the back space when a great heat is not wanted.
Ninthly, an improvement in the cheaper kind of cooking range con-
sists in forming a flange projecting from the oven side near the back of
the fire, so that a part of the fire may be under and behind it, a portion
of the fire gases also passing up behind it; and in placing a division
plate in the space above the oven, so that the top plate of the. latter can
be used as a hot plate for cooking purposes.
.
Such being the nature and object of our said Invention for "Improve-
ments in Arrangements and Apparatus for Ventilating, for Protecting
from Heat, and for Heating and Cooking," we will now proceed to
describe more in detail the manner in which the same is to or may be
performed; or carried into practical effect; and in order that the same
may be distinctly understood we have annexed hereunto three Sheets of
Drawings illustrative thereof, and have marked the same with figures
and letters of reference corresponding with those in the following
explanation thereof, that is to say:-
The first part of our Invention is illustrated in Sheet 1 of the annexed
Drawings, in which Figure 1 is a vertical section of an apparatus.
designed for inducing a current of warm atmospheric air into an apart-
ment or other enclosed space by the aid of heat, and Figure 2 is a hori-
zontal section of the same taken through about the line A, B; in Figure 1:
Beneath the floor a, a, of the room a duct is formed communicating in
any convenient way with the external atmosphere, and an opening b, b,
being made in the floor, over it is placed the apparatus, which consists
principally of an ornamental pedestal or exterior casing c, c, and an
internal vessel d, d, to contain water, the said vessel being provided
with a series of annular perforated flanges or gills e, e, extending nearly
to the inner side of the exterior casing c, c. Below the vessel d, d, is
placed an oil or spirit lamp f, f, which serves to heat the water in the
vessel, and also to induce a current of atmospheric air into the apparatus
through the opening 6, b, in the floor. g, g, are two inclined tubes to
carry off the products of combustion from the lamp f. f. There are two
other openings in the top of the vessel d, d, (not shown in the Drawing)
by which the vapor from the heated water escapes, and through one of

page_text: which water is supplied by means of a funnel when required. It will
be evident that the heat created by the lamp will induce a current of
air which will be warmed in passing through the perforated gills e, e;
and will escape into the room through perforations or openings in or
near the top of the pedestal, and at the same time an agreeable moisture
will be imparted thereto by the vapor given off by the heated water.
The second part of our Invention is also illustrated in Sheet-1 of of
the Drawings, Figure 3 being a vertical section taken longitudinally
through an apparatus designed for the purpose of discharging vitiated
air from a room; Figure 4 is a plan view, and Figure 5 an end view of
the same.
Above the ceiling a, a, of the room a duct is made completely
across the building, and communicating with the external atmosphere
at back and front of the building (or at both sides), and an opening b, b,
is made through the ceiling of the room in the centre or other convenient
part, and concealed by means of a perforated ornament. Over this
opening is placed a box c, c, which is supported by flanges on two
fillets d, d, fixed to the rafters, and is provided at each end with a light
balanced valve e, e¹. It will hence be evident that should the pressure
of the atmosphere on one side of the building be greater than on the
other, and thus a current of air should be created through the duct (say;
for instance, in the direction of the arrow,) the valve e¹ will be closed
and prevent its ingress to the room, whilst the valve e will be opened,
and the current will assist in the withdrawal of the vitiated air from
the room.
An apparatus for withdrawing vitiated air by means of a vertical
shaft, which is also applicable as a smoke-preventing chimney top, is
illustrated at Figures 6 and 7 in the same Sheet, the former being a
vertical section and the latter a plan view of the same. a, a, represents
the upper part of a vertical shaft or chimney, over the opening of which
is placed the slightly conical pipe b, b, being supported by a flange c, c;
outside this pipe b, b, is placed a pyramidal hood d, d, provided with
openings e, e, at the sides. Owing to the peculiar form and arrange-
ment of this apparatus any wing or current of air impinging against
either side of the same will be diverted upwards, and caused to assist
the draught of the vertical shaft, as indicated by the arrows in Figure 6.
".
The third part of our Invention is also illustrated in Sheet 1 of the
Drawings, Figure 8 being a vertical section, and Figure 9 a horizontal
section of a ship's ventilator constructed according to our improve-
a, a, represents part of the deck of a vessel over an opening
in which we place a hood b, b, which may be of a rectangular form with
a rounded top, as shown in the Drawing, or of any other convenient
ments.

page_text: shape. This hood is provided with openings c, c, near the deck; and
also with other openings above at d, d, which are closed with flap doors
opening only inwards. Two vertical passages e, e, are formed in the
interior of the hood, and communicate from the upper part of the hood
on-opposite sides thereof with the-space-below the deck to be ventilated,
and the space between these passages is fitted with curved plates f, f,
for directing the currents, of air, and for preventing the possibility of
water entering the passages e, e. The air enters by either of the open-
ings c, c, (according to the direction of the wind,) and passing down
the ducts e, e, is discharged by means of a larger passage or upcast
shaft provided with a revolving hood or a pyramidal hood similar to
Figure 6, so that the wind assists in the draught or (if preferred) the
apparatus may be so arranged that one of the passages e, e, shall act
as the downcast shaft and the other one as the upcast. Owing to the
-peculiar form of the curved plates f, f, any water that may wash along
the decks and enter the hood is immediately directed downwards and
thrown out again either directly through the openings c, c, or if it dashes
over any of the curved plates, it is ejected through the flap doors g, g.
The fourth part of our Invention is illustrated on Sheet 2 of the Draw-
ings, in which Figure 1 is a vertical section, and Figure 2 a horizontal
section, of our..improved arrangement and apparatus for ventilating
sewers. a, a, represents the sewer and b, b, an inclined duct or
passage leading to a chamber c, c, at the bottom of the ventilating shaft
or chimney d, d. e, e, are two furnaces to which access is obtained
from the street through the door f, f, and the flap doors g, g; and we
may here remark that the chamber c, c, (and also the ventilating shaft or
chimney) is divided into two separate compartments by the wall h, h,
and provided with sliding doors i, i, so that the fireman can shut out
the bad air from one compartment whilst he replenishes the fire with-
out checking the upcast current which is still kept up through the other
compartment. k, k, are plates for dividing and directing the currents
so as to increase the draught and prevent the burning of the furnace
bars; 1, 1, is a pipe for admitting pure atmosphere to the furnace. Each
furnace is provided with a flue m, m, placed inside the ventilating shaft,
and constructed in a zig-zag or tortuous form so as to present the greatest
amount of surface for the radiation of heat, and thus to increase the
upward current; n, n, is a pipe leading from the ash-pit to the flue m, m.
As above mentioned, we prefer to place this ventilating arrangement
near the outfall or at the bottom of an incline in the sewer, so that the
flow of the sewage water assists the current of air in the same direction,
as shown in the Drawing, the flow of the sewage water being indicated

page_text: by the darker arrows; and in order to increase the effect, we provide the
sewer (immediately below its junction with the duct b, b,) with a flap
door o, o, which allows the water to flow on, but intercepts the passage
of the air.
The fifth part of our Invention is illustrated on Sheet 1 of the Draw-
ings, Figure 10 representing a vertical section of a fireproof safe con-
structed according to our Invention, and Figure 11 a front view of the
same with the doors removed. a, a, represents the inner safe (for the
reception of the books, papers, or other articles to be preserved from
the effects of fire), which is enclosed in an outer safe or chamber b, b,
in such a manner as to have an air space between the two, entirely
encompassing the former, which is supported in the interior of the outer
chamber by means of conical nibs or points c, c.. Through the exterior
wall d, d, of the building an inlet pipe e, e, communicates with the
lower part of the air space, and a similar pipe f, f, for the egress of
heated, air communicates with the upper part of the same. The latter
pipe may either lead directly to the external atmosphere or to a chimney
or shaft in connection with the same. In the event of the safe being
exposed to great heat (as in the case of a fire) a vigorous current of con-
stantly-renewed cool air is caused to circulate through the air space,
and thus keep the inner safe and its contents uninjured. The safe may
be supported on a corbel of firebrick, stone, or other fireproof material.
It will be obvious that an amplification of this same principle of causing
the heat of a fire to induce a constant current of cool air for the purpose
of neutralizing the effects of the heat is equally applicable to the con-
struction of fireproof rooms, or even of fireproof buildings.
The sixth part of our Invention is illustrated on Sheet 3 of the Draw-
ings, in which Figure 1 is a vertical section of a hot-air stove constructed
according to this part of our Invention. a, a, is the central fire-box,
which is supplied with fuel from the top through the lid b, b, the pro-
ducts of combustion passing off by an annular or jacket space c, c;
(surrounding the fire-box and the ash-pit or air inlet space d, d,) and
thence through the central duct e, e, through and beneath the floor to
the chimney or smoke shaft. The air to supply the stove may either be
taken from the room, or it may be brought from the external atmosphere,
by a duct beneath the floor, in which latter case the stove is placed over
an opening in the floor communicating with the said duct. Between
the annuu smoke box c, c, and the ash-pit d, d, is an annular air
space f, f, to which air is admitted and passes out (when heated)
through the passages g, g. The exterior of the stove is provided with
vertical gills or flanges, and also with horizontal curved gills or flanges

page_text: h, h, for the purpose of spreading or diffusing the heated air in a
lateral direction, openings i, i, being formed through the said hori
zontal flanges to allow of the passage of the air from one space to the
other.
The seventh part of our Invention, or that which applies to what are
termed "angle-cheek register grates," is also illustrated on Sheet 3,
Figure 7 being a front view, and Figure 8 a horizontal section, of an
angle-cheek register grate with this part of our improvements shown as
applied thereto. Near to the back of the grate, and parallel or nearly
so thereto, we affix a plate a, a, which acts as an inverted siphon, and
forms as it were a separate flue at the back. The upper part of this
flue is always open to the chimney. The grate b, b, is only perforated
at the front part. Upon closing the register door the fire may be lighted
at the top, and the plate a, a, will act as an inverted siphon, causing
the air to strike downwards on to the fire, and the products of com-
bustion will pass up the flue formed behind the plate. The fire will
then give out a very great heat, and the whole of the smoke will be
consumed; but should so great a heat not be required the register door
may be opened, which will then act as a damper, the draught will not
be so keen, and hence the fire will not then burn so fiercely.
The eighth part of our Invention is also illustrated on Sheet 3 of the
Drawings, in which Figure 2 is a front view of our improved "kitchener"
or cooking range, and Figure 3 a section of the same.
In this arrange-
ment thin vertical tubes a, a, are used for the front fire-bars in order
that a current of air may constantly pass through them and prevent
their becoming injuriously overheated; but bars of a knife-edge or
other section may (if preferred) be employed. Between the top of the
front fire-bars and the hot plate b, b, a space is formed, and at the top
of this space an inclined plate or bar c, c, is placed, which acts as a
siphon and deflects the air entering from the front (and also that passing
through the tubular bars) in a downward direction on to the fire. This
siphon plate c, c,. is a very important feature of this part of our Inven-
tion, as hitherto it has always been necessary, when using the hot plate,
to close the upper part of the fire with a door to prevent the air passing
through the top bars from impinging upon the under surface of the hot
plate and cooling the same, whereas by the use of this siphon plate the
air is directed downwards, and hence the whole of the front part of the
fire is available for cooking purposes, whilst the hot plate is in full
operation. The front of the fire can be closed at any time, when required;
by means of a loose door, which can be hung on the front. The boiler
d, d, is placed at the back of the fire, slightly above the fire-bars, so

page_text: that a portion of the fuel may be beneath it. e, e, are air induction
tubes or openings to assist the combustion. The ash-pit is divided into
a front and back compartment f, f, g, g, the communication between
which is opened or closed by means of the door h, h. When great heat
is required the door h, h, is closed, and the draught through the fire is
then keen, and the hot plate and boiler are heated to their fullest
extent; but when so great a heat is not required the door h, h, is opened
and the air from the ash-pit, which is comparatively cool, is admitted to
the back part of the fire beneath the boiler and acts as a damper,
diminishing the draught and lowering the temperature immediately.
i, i, is a damper to the flue above the hot plate.
The ninth part of our Invention is also illustrated on Sheet 3 of the
Drawings, Figure 4 being a front elevation, Figure 5 a plan view, and
Figure 6 a vertical section of a small kitchen range to which this part
of our improvements is adapted so as to make the top plate of the oven
available as a hot plate for cooking purposes. In carrying out this part
of our Invention we attach a flange a, a, to the oven side near the back
of the grate leaving an opening at the bottom and carrying a part of the
grate underneath, so that a portion of the fire may be under and behind
this flange; and we place. a division plate b, b, in the space above the
oven to divide the current and cause a keener draught; and we provide
the back part of the top plate with a small flue c, c, furnished with
a damper. When the damper is closed the range acts as an ordinary
kitchen range, but on drawing the damper the draught is increased and
the top plate above the oven becomes heated to such a degree as to
answer all the purposes of a hot plate for boiling or cooking.
A further improvement consists in arranging the "fall-down" bar
d, d, so that it can fall either inwards or outwards (as shown by dotted
lines in Figure 6), so that in the former case it will serve to support a
kettle or saucepan over a very small amount of fire when desired.
Having now particularly described the nature and object of our said
Invention for "Improvements in Arrangements and Apparatus for
Ventilating, for Protecting from Heat, and for Heating and Cooking,"
together with the manner in which the same is to be or may be per-
formed or carried into practical effect, we have to state in conclusion
that we do not intend to limit or confine ourselves to the precise details
or arrangements shown by way of illustration in the annexed Drawings,
but that we claim the general novel construction, arrangement, and
application of our various improvements as herein-before described and
exhibited in the accompanying Drawings, or any mere modification or

page_text: imitation thereof, constructed and operating in substantially the same
or a similar manner.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Batty, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Eighth day of October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
Witness,
GEORGE DAVIES,
Patent Agent,
1, Serle St., Lincoln's Inn.
CHARLES BATTY. (L.S:)