Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 10th Oct.,
1899
Complete Specification Left, 5th July, 1900-Accepted, 11th Aug., 1900
Tmprovemenu και να
I, CHARLES SUTHERLAND STAFFORD, of No. 12, ½, Danvers Street, in the
City and County of San Francisco, State of California, United States of America,
Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
My invention relates to improvements in that class of drills which are actuated
by a reciprocating lever, and pawl and ratchet mechanisms, known as ratchet
drills.
It consists essentially in the combination of mechanism whereby a partial
turn of the drill is effected by each forward and backward movement of the
lever. It also comprises means for reversing the movement of the drill.
Within a casing is an annular ring or carrier, about which the casing is
loosely turnable, and a web extends from the peripheral part of the annular
ring to the centre where it unites with and is supported by the central hollow
sleeve through which the shank of the feed screw and drill carrier pass.
The web has a plurality of open channels formed in it, and within these
channels are journaled the bevel pinions, the shafts of which are radially dis-
posed between the outer ring and the central sleeve.
Two or more of these pinions may be thus journaled to properly balance and
act upon the gears, one of which is formed with.or fixedly united to a ratchet
wheel and the other is correspondingly fixed to or formed with a ratchet wheel.
These gears engage the bevel pinions upon opposite sides of their axes.
One of these gears and ratchets is turnable upon the central hollow sleeve
or spindle at one side of the web and pinions, and the other upon the other side,
so that the teeth of both gears engage with the teeth of the pinions, and while
one rotates in one direction by reason of this engagement, the other will rotate
in the opposite direction.
The drill fits into the socket at the lower end of the feed and carrier spindle,
and this screw spindle is turnable in an exterior socket piece screw-threaded
so that the drill may be advanced as the cut progresses, by simply turning the
two with relation to each other so as to advance the drill and its carrier.
The upper end of the socket contacts with the end of a stationary yoke, being
turnable with relation thereto, and this end of the socket piece is either made
conical to fit a correspondingly shaped depression in the yoke, or it may have a
head with grooves in its face and in the corresponding face of the yoke, to form
a race-way for balls which thus allows the socket piece to be turned freely when
desired.
The yoke has its ends fixed to a disk which surrounds the sleeve. and is
fixed thereto so that the yoke, the disk, the sleeve with the web and the outer
ring form a stationary structure within and about which the other parts are
movable.
The object of the construction is to advance the drill with each forward, and

page_text: backward movement of the lever, and to effect this I pivot a pawl on opposite
sides of the cylindrical head or casing so that the ends of one of the pawls
engage the ratchets.
These pawls are normally held in position by means of springs, which engage
and return them to their normal position when they have been temporarily
moved to one side by the turning of the ratchets.
Stops are fixed upon turnable pins which are journaled on the casing in such
relation to the pawls, that one side of one of the pawls contacts with one of the
stops to prevent its moving in that direction, thus temporarily holding the
ratchet wheel with which it engages, while the other side of the opposite pawl
correspondingly contacts with its top, to prevent its ratchet wheel from turning
in the opposite direction. One of the ratchet wheels is thus free to turn in one
direction, and the other in the other, by the opposite reciprocations of the handle.
A key-way is cut in the screw spindle and a corresponding key or feather
projects from the interior of the ratchet so that the turning of this ratchet
will turn the spindle and the drill.
The pinions being engaged by the gear which is fixed to this ratchet wheel,
will be acted upon through the ratchet and its gear wheel, by the turning of
the handle and through this connection the spindle will also be turned, carrying
with it the drill.
The operation will then be as follows:-
The drill being set up at any point where work is to be done, the upper face
of the yoke being prevented from turning by projecting pins or other corru-
gations, it is pressed against any suitably disposed support, and the point of
the drill resting against the surface which is to be perforated, a movement of
the handle in one direction, will cause one of the pawls to be pressed against
the stop and temporarily prevented from turning.
By the first movement of the lever arm in one direction it is now assumed
that the pawl which engages the ratchet contacts with its stop so that the
rachet cannot turn with relation to the handle. It is therefore moved in unison
with the handle and will thus advance the spindle and the drill a distance equal
to the distance to which the handle is turned.
When the handle is brought back in the opposite direction, the pawl which
engages the ratchet wheel upon the opposite side, will contact with its stop,
and the return movement of the handle will cause this pawl to turn the ratchet
in unison with with the return movement of the handle.
This movement acting through its gear wheel turns the pinions and these
pinions act upon the gear which is connected with the ratchet to turn it in
the opposite direction, and as this presses its pawl away from the stop, the spring
which holds the pawl will yield and allow the pawl to pass over the teeth of the
ratchet, while this portion of the movement takes place, so that the drill be
advanced in the same direction by this return movement of the lever, that it
was by the previous movement in the opposite direction.
The action of the pawls and ratchets is alternate, one being held by its stop
while the handle is being moved in one direction, while the other moves
over the teeth of its ratchet to allow of this motion, and the reverse action
taking place when the handle is returned, while the forward movement of the
drill spindle and drill is effected at each movement of the lever.
If it is desired to reverse the movement of the drill and to back it out, it is
done by turning the stems which carry the stops a half revolution. This re-
moves the stop from one side of the pawl and turns a similar stop to contact
with the opposite pawl, while the turning of the other stem and stop perform a
like office for the other pawl and ratchet.
Whenever the spindle and the socket piece are allowed to turn freely, they
will move in unison when the handle is moved, and no feed will take place, but
whenever the socket piece is retarded or held stationary, then the spindle having
screw-threads which are turnable in the socket piece will be advanced through

page_text: "
the hollow sleeve and thus advance the drill as long as the socket piece is pre-
vented from turning!
gidli
This may be effected by taking hold of a disk which is fixed to the socket
piece or preferably by means of a brake or friction plate which is: adapted to
contact with one side of the socket piece and is moved by means of a thumb
screw passing through a collar fixed to the yoke the said thumb screw having a
milled head projecting through the side of the yoke in a convenient position to
be operated by the user of the tool; thus under normal conditions the screw
will be turned back so that the brake will not press upon the socket piece, and.
the latter will turn with the drill without advancing the latter.
By turning the screw by its milled head, the brake may be pressed against
the socket piece so as to retard it or stop it, as the case may be, and the screw
spindle will then turn independently and will advance the drill as much as may
be' desired.
...f
The drill may be retracted as previously stated, by the reversal of the stops
which engage the two pawls or it may be retracted directly without its turning.
by turning the socket piece by hand, so that it will withdraw the screw-threaded
spindle and the drill without the latter turning.
Improvements in Ratchet Drills.
I, CHARLES SUTHERLAND STAFFORD, of No. 12, ½ Danvers Street, in the
City and County of San Francisco, State of California, United States of America,
Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:
My invention relates to improvements in that class of drills which are actuated
by a reciprocating lever, and pawl and ratchet mechanisms, known as ratchet
drills.
It consists essentially in the combination of mechanism whereby a partial.
turn of the drill is effected by each forward and backward movement of the
lever. It also comprises means for reversing the movement of the drill, and
details of construction which will be more fully explained by reference to the
accompanying drawings, in which-
Fig. 1 is a vertical section through the drill.
Fig. 2 is a top view of the same.
Fig. 3 is a top view of the intermediate gearing.
Fig. 4 is a view of the stationary structure of the drill.
Fig. 5 is a view of the feed.
:
"
Fig. 6 is an external view of the drill the ratchet wheels are shown encased.
A is a hollow cylindrical head or casing, from one side of which the handle A¹
projects..
Within this casing is an annular ring or carrier B, about which the casing
is loosely turnable, and a web extends from the peripheral part of the annular
ring to the centre where it unites with and is supported by the central hollow
sleeve 131 through which the shank of the feed screw and drill carrier C pass,

page_text: The web has a plurality of open channels formed in it as shown at B³, and
within these channels are journaled the bevelled pinions 1), the shafts of which
are radially disposed between the outer ring and the central sleeve.
Two or more of these pinions may be thus journaled to balance properly and
act upon the gears E and F, one of which is formed with or fixedly united to a
ratchet wheel E and the other is correspondingly fixed to or formed with a
ratchet wheel F'. These gears engage the bevel pinions upon opposite sides
of their axes.
One of these gears and ratchets is turnable upon the central hollow sleeve
or spindle B¹ at one side of the web and pinions, and the other upon the other
side, so that the teeth of both gears E and F engage with the teeth of the
pinions, and while one rotates in one direction by reason of this engagement,
the other will rotate in the opposite direction.
The drill fits into the socket at the lower end of the feed and carrier spindle C,
and this screw spindle is turnable in an exterior socket piece G screw-threaded
so that the drill may be advanced as the cut progresses, by simply turning the
two with relation to each other so as to advance the drill and its carrier.
The upper end of the socket G contacts with the end of a stationary yoke H.
being turnable with relation thereto, and this end of the socket piece Ġ is either
made conical to fit a correspondingly shaped depression in the yoke, or it may
have a head with grooves in its face and in the corresponding face of the yoke,
to form a race-way for balls which thus allows the socket piece to be turned
freely when desired.
The yoke has its ends fixed to a disk H' which surrounds the sleeve B', and is
fixed thereto so that the yoke, the disk, the sleeve with the web and the outer
ring B form a stationary structure, within and about which the other parts are
movable.
The object of the construction here shown is to advance the drill with each
forward and backward movement of the lever, and to effect this I have shown
pawls I and I pivoted upon opposite sides of the part A so that the ends of one.
of the pawls engage the ratchet E' and the other the ratchet F.
These pawls are normally held in position by means of springs J, which
engage and return them to their normal position when they have been tem-
porarily moved to one side by the turning of the ratchets.
Stops K are fixed upon turnable pins L which are journaled on the casing A
in such relation to the pawls, that one side of one of the pawls contacts with
one of the stops to prevent its moving in that direction, thus temporarily hold-
ing the ratchet wheel with which it engages, while the other side of the opposite
pawl correspondingly contacts with its stop, to prevent its ratchet wheel from
turning in the opposite direction.
One of the ratchet wheels is thus free to turn in one direction, and the other
in the other, by the opposite reciprocations of the handle.
A key-way is cut in the screw spindle C and a corresponding key or feather
projects from the interior of the ratchet F' so that the turning of this ratchet
will turn the spindle and the drill.
The pinions D being engaged by the gear which is fixed to this ratchet wheel,
will be acted upon through the ratchet F and its gear wheel, by the turning
of the handle, and through this connection the spindle C will also be turned,
carrying with it the drill.
The operation will then be as follows:
The drill being set up at any point where work is to be done, the upper face
of the yoke H being prevented from turning by projecting pins or other corruga-
tions, it is pressed against any suitably disposed support, and the point of the
drill resting against the surface which is to be perforated, a movement of the
handle A in one direction, will cause one of the pawls I or I¹ to be pressed
against the stop K and temporarily prevented from turning.
By the first movement of the lever arm in one direction, it is now assumed that

page_text: the pawl which engages the ratchet F¹ contacts with its stop so that the ratchet
cannot turn with relation to the handle. It is therefore moved in unison with
the handle and will thus advance the spindle C and the drill a distance equal to
the distance to which the handle is turned.
When the handle is brought back in the opposite direction, the pawl I which
engages the ratchet wheel E¹ upon the opposite side, will contact with .its
stop K, and the return movement of the handle will cause this pawl to turu
the ratchet E in unison with the return movement of the handle..
This movement acting through its gear wheel turns the pinions D and these
pinions act upon the gear which is connected with the ratchet F to turn it in
the opposite direction, and as this presses its pawl I' away from the stop, the
springs which hold the pawl will yield and allow the pawl to pass over the teeth
of the ratchet while this portion of the movement takes place, so that the drill
will be advanced in the same direction by this return movement of the lever,
that it was by the previous movement in the opposite direction.
The action of the pawls and ratchets is alternate one being held by its stop
while the handle is being moved in one direction, while the other moves over
the teeth of its ratchet to allow of this motion, and the reverse action taking
place when the handle is returned, while the forward movement of the drill
spindle and drill is effected at each movement of the lever.
If it is desired to reverse the movement of the drill and to back it out, it. is
done by turning the stems which carry the stops K a half revolution. This
removes the stop K from one side of the pawl I and turns a similar stop to con-
tact with the opposite pawl, while the turning of the other stem and stop per-
form a like office for the other pawl and ratchet.
Whenever the spindle C and the socket piece G are allowed to turn freely,
they will move in unison when the handle A' is moved, and no feed will take
place, but whenever the socket piece G is retarded or held stationary, then the
spindle C having screw-threads which are turnable in the socket piece will be
advanced through the hollow sleeve B', and thus advance the drill as long as
the socket piece G is prevented from turning.
This may be effected by taking hold of a disk G2 which is fixed to the socket
piece or preferably by means of a brake or friction plate G3 which is adapted to
contact with one side of the socket piece G, and is moved by means of a thumb
screw, passing through a collar N fixed to the yoke, said thumb screw having a
milled head G projecting through the side of the yoke in a convenient position
to be operated by the user of the tool: thus under normal conditions the screw
will be turned back so that the brake G will not press upon the socket piece,
and the latter will turn with the drill without advancing the latter.
'
By turning the screw by its milled head, the brake may be pressed against
the socket piece so as to retard it or stop it, as the case may be, and the screw
spindle C will then turn independently and will advance the drill as much as
may be desired.
The drill may be retracted as previously stated, by the reversal of the stops
which engage the two pawls, or it may be retracted directly without its turning.
by turning the socket piece by hand, so that it will withdraw the screw-threaded
spindle and the drill without the latter turning.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
ist. In a ratchet drill, a frame comprising a yoke, a disc attached to and
made rigid with the yoke, a rigid structure comprising a central sleeve united
to an outer ring by a web as shown and described, this said rigid structure being
attached to and made rigid with the disc and the yoke, and the whole thus
forming a rigid frame within and about which all the other parts of the ratchet
drill are turnable, substantially as above described.

page_text: 2nd. In a ratchet drill, a hollow head or casing, having a handle by which
it may be turned, a ring loosely fitting within the said hollow head, a central
sleeve, a web which unites the central sleeve with the outer ring and thereby
making the sleeve, the web and the ring a rigid structure, bevel-pinions radially
journaled between the ring and the sleeve, ratchet wheels having bevel-gears
attached to and made rigid with them, the teeth of the said bevel-gears en-
gaging the teeth of the bevel pinions on opposite sides, pawls which engage
the teeth of the ratchet wheels and are pivoted on the hollow head, substantially,
as above described.
3rd. In a ratchet drill, a yoke, an internally screw-threaded socket piece hav-
ing a race-way in its upper end to receive balls and thus form a ball bearing
with the upper part of the yoke, a screw-threaded drill spindle turnable within
the screw-threaded socket piece and having a longitudinal groove or key-way in
the side, a central sleeve within which the lower part of the socket-piece is
loosely turnable, this central sleeve being a part of a rigid structure, com-
prising the central sleeve, a web and an outer ring, a dise which is attached to
and made rigid with the yoke and also attached to and made rigid with the
sleeve, bevel pinions radially journaled between the ring and the sleeve, ratchet
wheels carried by the rigid structure and having bevel gears attached to and
rigid with them, the said bevel gears engaging the bevel pinions
Oll opposite sides whereby the ratchet wheels will be turned in
opposite directions, one of the ratchet wheels having al key or
feather which engages a corresponding key-way in the screw-threaded
drill spindle, a hollow head loosely turnable about the outer ring of the rigid
structure and having a handle by which it may be turned, the said hollow head
carrying spring pressed pawls which engage the teeth of the ratchet wheels, the
said hollow head also carrying reversible stops against which the sides of the
pawls contact, a brake shoe with an actuating screw carried by the fixed yoke
and adapted to contact with and retard or stop the rotation of the socket piece
and by which means the drill spindle may be advanced through the socket
piece while the ratchet drill is operated, substantially as above described.
Dated this Fifth day of July 1000
r the Applicant,
GEDGE & FEENY,
Chartered Patent Agents,
60, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C.