Improvements in Internal Combustion Engines.
Year: 1899

page_text: PROVISIONAL
SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Internal Combustion Engines.
I, JOHN DOUGILL, of $7; Choir Street, Broughton Lane, Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows:-
My said invention relates to gas or liquid hydro-carbon engines and has
reference to means for controlling the supply of fuel to be consumed within the
cylinders of such internal combustion engines.
To obtain the greatest efficiency from a charge of explosive mixture it is well
known that a certain definite proportion of air and fuel, which may be either
gas or liquid hydro-carbon, must be maintained. If these proportions of air
and fuel constituting the explosive mixture vary at varying piston speeds the
efficiency of the explosion is naturally greatly affected.
It follows then that with an engine working at a given piston speed and
requiring a suitable combustible mixture therefor, a definite time is allowed for
the mixing and admission of the air and fuel. If the piston assume a greater
or less speed the period of mixing and admission of air and fuel is varied accord-
ingly with detrimental results. Thus to secure perfect working a definite piston
speed must be maintained.
The object of my invention is to obviate this defect which I do by providing
means whereby a definite suitable mixture of combustible gas or vapour is
automatically introduced within the interior of the cylinder at any of the varying
speeds at which the motor may be required to run.
The means whereby this may be effected may vary but a suitable form consists
in the provision of an oil or other fuel tube having a number of orifices or ducts
and disposed within the passage leading into the cylinder.
Each nozzle carries a tilt valve held on its seat by means of a spring or load
the tension or weight of each of which is in excess of its neighbour, commencing
with the first valve at a minimum and gradually increasing to a maximum as
the last valve is reached. The number of these fuel orifices may vary. On
starting the engine the air induced by the piston passing along the air pipe to
the cylinder opens first number one tilt valve against the action of the spring
thus admitting also a stream or charge of fuel and providing for a suitable
explosive mixture. As the speed of the engine increases the period during
which this stream of fuel is emitted from number one nozzle is curtailed and
thus a deficient supply of fuel would result. The increased speed however
induces a corresponding 'increased velocity of air along the passage which causes
number two valve to open and thus augment the supply of fuel. This gradually
increasing velocity of air due to the gradual increase of speed of the engine it
will be seen causes the consecutive opening of the tilt valves so as to augment
the supply of fuel as the time for admitting the charge becomes shorter.
Thus the proper proportion of fuel and air is automatically maintained no
natter at what speed the engine may be running.
As the gist of my invention consists in the provision of means whereby

page_text: definite mixture of air and fuel is automatically introduced within the interior
of the cylinder at all the varying speeds at which the engine may run by means
of the current of air in the air supply pipe, I do not confine myself to the exact
arrangement described for effecting this as this may be varied.
For instance the fuel pipe may be provided with a slit for the emission of fuel
which could be covered by a slide capable of being operated by the air current.
. Instead of utilizing the air pressure to operate the valves or valve of the fuel
supply pipe as a modification I might operate them positively by mechanism
actuated by the governor or other suitable moving part of the engine.
Although my invention is useful with stationary engines it is particularly so
for the engines of motor cars. For instance by providing a motor of sufficient
power change gear could be dispensed with, as no matter at what speed the car
is being run, a definite mixture of air and fuel is being automatically introduced
within the cylinder of the engines at every explosion.
In some cases however it might be desirable, to avoid the use of an excessively
powerful and weighty engine, to provide one or more changes of gear for use
only on abnormally steep gradients or bad roads.
Improvements in Internal Combustion Engines.
I, JOHN DOUGILL, of 87, Choir Street, Broughton Lane, Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement and accompanying
drawings:
My said invention relates to gas or liquid hydro-carbon engines and has
reference to means for controlling the supply of fuel to be consumed within the
cylinder or cylinders of such internal combustion engines.
To obtain the greatest efficiency from a charge of explosive mixture it is well
known that a certain definite proportion of air and fuel, which may be either
gas or liquid hydro-carbon, must be maintained. If these proportions of air
and fuel constituting the explosive mixture vary at varying piston speeds the
efficiency of the explosion is naturally greatly affected.
It follows then that with an engine working at a given piston speed and
requiring a suitable combustible mixture therefor, a definite time must be allowed
for the mixing and admission of the air and fuel. If the piston assume a greater
or less speed the period of mixing and admission of air and fuel is varied
accordingly with detrimental results. Thus to secure perfect working a definite
piston speed must be maintained.
The object of my invention is to obviate this defect which I do by providing
means whereby a definite suitable mixture of air and gas, oil or fuel, is auto-
matically supplied to the interior of the cylinder at any of the varying speeds at
which the motor may be required to run.
My invention will be clearly understood from the following description and
drawings.
In the said drawing

page_text: Fig. 1 is a side view of an appliance constructed in accordance with my
invention.
Fig. 2 is a front view of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a detail view in section on a smaller scale.
Figs. 4 and 5 show end and sectional side views of the cylinder of a motor
with my invention applied.
Figs. and
governor.
show the method of operating the apparatus by means of the
In carrying my invention into effect, I provide a suitably formed casting or
chamber A which is placed in a convenient position over the air supply passage B
leading to the interior of the cylinder or cylinders C of the internal combustion
engine, as shown in Figs. 4 and 5. In Fig. 5 I show a cylinder having two
pistons the explosive mixture being drawn in and compressed between the
pistons D D as shown by the arrows. It will be understood however that this is
given by way of illustration only my invention being equally applicable to
motor cylinders provided with a single piston.
The mixing chamber a formed in the interior of the casting is furnished with
a number of tilt valves or pedals b, 61, 62, 63, each valve being held on its seat by
means of springs or loads c, c¹, 2, 3 the tension or weight on each of which is
in excess of its neighbour, commencing with the first valve at a minimum and
gradually increasing to a maximum as the last valve is reached.
Thus, for instance, if the valve b be held to its seat with a force equal to 1 lb.
the valve might be held to its seat by a force equal to 2 lb., the valve 2 by
3 lbs., and so on. To permit of the tension of the spring c, c¹ c² being readily
adjusted one end of each spring is connected to a bar or squared rod e' on which
milled nuts or the like are screwed.
The interior arrangement of the casting A is shown more clearly in the
sectional view Fig. 3.
The tilt valves are provided with discs E for the purpose of closing the air
chamber F to the mixing chamber a.
The number of valves would vary according to the size and range of speeds
of the engine. The valves b1 62 63 are centred on spindles or rods de two
valves to each spindle this arrangement being adopted in order to provide long
bosses for the levers of the tilt valves so that the valves are accurately guided
to the seats (or as shown in the drawings to the circular passage) and detrimental
wear of the parts is prevented. The stems of the valves centred on the lower
spindle e are cranked or bent as shown in Fig. 3 to clear the upper spindle d.
Within the chamber or casting A the oil or fuel supply tube f is formed or
arranged. This oil tube is in connection by means of a pipe f¹ (see Fig. 2) with
the oil or fuel supply reservoir and communicates by means of ducts or
channels gggg with the interior of the mixing chamber a the outlets from
each duct or channel being however normally closed by means of packings
carried by the levers 123 as clearly shown in Fig. 3. The casting A also
carries an air regulator or valve h pivotted at h¹ the upper end h² of this valve
which controls the supply of air to the tilt valves being normally held closed by
means of a spring as clearly shown in Fig. 1.
The regulator valve his operated by the governor of the motor when required
by the usual "hit and miss" motion as illustrated in Figs. 6 and 7, which I
will briefly describe although it must be clearly understood that it forms no
part of my invention. Upon the side or cam shaft j of the engine which rotates
in the direction of the arrow Fig. 6 is mounted a cam k which oscillates a double
lever pivotted at 2. The lever k¹ carries a disc 7 which at times comes into
contact with the disc h of the regulator valve hand thus actuates same to supply
explosive mixture to the motor. As shown in Fig. 7 the "hit and miss
mechanism would actuate the regulator to supply fuel. On the engine attaining
a higher speed the governor weights m m flying outwards by centrifugal force
press forward the spindle n against a lever o pivotted at o¹. The lever o carries
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page_text: +
'
an adjustable stud of bearing against a disc p carried on the spindle pi on which
is mounted the disc thus thrusting the disc from contact with the disc
nd compressing a spring q on the spindle p'. As the speed of the engine
decreases the pressure of the rod on the lever o is relaxed and the spring q
returns the disc opposite the disc h of regulator valve so that more fuel is
supplied. The lever is rocked against the action of a 'spring which is secured
to the lever and to a' crank s which is mounted upon a studs.
The
tension of this spring r can be regulated by means of a rod pand
lever also mounted upon the studs so that by increasing the tension of the
spring the governor. must attain a higher velocity and exert an increase of
pressure upon the lever o to remove the disc from contact with the disc h* of
the regulator valve h..
The action of the apparatus is controlled by the governor as described and
works in the following manner. If the engine is running light and there is no
call for fuel, none is supplied, the regulator valve h being in the position shown
in Fig. 1 air being simply drawn to the interior of the cylinder or cylinders
through the passage . When the engine requires a charge of fuel the part
operated by the governor acts on the disc of the pivotted air regulator /
closing the entrance to the air passage and opening the air inlet to the
chamber into which air is now freely admitted. As the piston moves along
the cylinder a current of air is thereby induced such air induction opening first
number one tilt valve against the action of the spring e thus admitting also a
Stream or charge of fuel along the duct g, which is thoroughly mixed with the
incoming air flowing into the chamber a so that mixture is supplied in a highly
combustible state to the interior of the cylinder. With an increase in the speed
of the engine the period during which the stream or feed of fuel is emitted from
the 1st tilt valve b is curtailed and thus a deficient supply of fuel would result.
The increased speed of the piston however induces a correspondingly increased
velocity of air through the passage F which causes the 2nd tilt valve (b) also to
open and thus augment the oil supply or the supply of fuel to the chamber a.
This gradually increasing velocity of air, due to the gradual increase of speed
of the engine, it will be seen, causes the consecutive opening of the series of tilt
valves so as to augment the supply of fuel as the time for admitting the charge
becomes shorter.
For instance, and merely by way of indication, say with the engine running
at 100 revolutions per minute tilt valve b remains open 5 seconds and supplies
25 minims of oil for every fourth stroke of the piston, with the engine running
at 200 revolutions the valve b would only remain open 2 seconds admitting
12 minims of oil, every fourth stroke, but with the increased velocity of air,
tilt valve b is also opened for a corresponding period and admits a further
12 minims of oil thus making up the precise charge of fuel calculated to give
the best results. With a greater number of revolutions and a higher air
velocity the tilt valves remain open a correspondingly shorter period and
further tilt valves are required to be called into use as will be clearly understood.
If the speed of the engine should decrease the tilt valves correspondingly drop
out of use as the duration of time when each valve is open is increased. The
relative speeds and proportions given above as before stated are to be regarded
as purely explanatory of the principle involved.
In order to regulate the size of the oil or fuel orifices g g¹ g² g³ I may employ
adjustable set screws the conical ends of which may be caused to enter the oil
orifices to a greater or less extent and fixed in an adjusted position as clearly
indicated in Figs. 1 and 3.
By the means above described the proper proportion of fuel and air is auto-
matically maintained no matter at what speed the engine may be running.
Should the governor, at any time cease to call for a supply of fuel, the spring
closes the pivotted air regulator valve or controller and the supply of fuel to

page_text: the cylinder is shut off, air merely passing as required from the atmosphere along
the passage to the interior of the cylinder.
In order to prevent the packing h6 on the lever / being forced too hard against
its seat the lever h' forming part of the regulator h is backed up by a spiral
spring 8 so that the lever may yield should undue weight be brought to bear on
the same.
As the gist of my invention consists in the provision of means whereby a
definite mixture of air and fuel is automatically introduced within the interior
of the cylinder at all the varying speeds at which the engine may run by means
of the current of air in or passing to the air supply pipe, I do not confine myself
to the exact arrangement described for effecting this as this may be varied.
For instance the fuel pipe may be provided with a slit for the emission of fuel
which could be covered by a slide capable of being operated by the air current.
Although my invention is useful with stationary engines it is particularly so
for the engines of motor cars. For instance by providing a motor of sufficient
power change gear could be dispensed with, as no matter at what speed the car
is being run, a definite mixture of air and fuel is being automatically introduced
within the cylinder of the engines at every explosion.
In some cases however it might be desirable, to avoid the use of an excessively
powerful and weighty engine, to provide one or more change of gear, for use
only on abnormally steep gradients or bad roads.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:
1) In oil, gas and other internal combustion engines, the provision of an
apparatus or means operated by the air current so that a definite and suitable
mixture of air and oil, gas, or fuel, is automatically supplied to the interior of
the cylinder at any of the varying speeds at which the motor may be required
to run, substantially as herein described.
2) In means for automatically supplying a definite quantity of oil or fuel to a
motor at any varying piston speeds the provision of a number of tilt valves or
peddles governing the supply of explosive mixture normally held to their seats
by varying loads one or more of such tilt valves being operated in succession
according to the velocity of the air induced by the speed of the engine so that a
definite quantity of oil or fuel is always supplied for explosion substantially as
herein described.
3) As an adjunct to explosive vapour motors an apparatus provided with a
number of tilt valves b 61 63 3 held to their seats by means of springs e c¹ e² c³
and with an oil feed or supply pipe f communicating with the interior of the
mixing chamber by channels or passages g g' g³ ³ the tilt valves being worked
automatically by the induced air current so as always to provide for a definite
supply of fuel for consumption no matter what the piston speed substantially as
herein described.
4) The general arrangement construction and combination of parts comprising
he improved apparatus for automatically delivering to the cylinders of internal
combustion engines a definite quantity of fuel no matter at what speed the engine
may be running substantially as herein described and shown.
Dated this 22nd day of June 1900.
Dated this 22nd day of June 1900.
For the Applicant,
E. K. DUTTON & Co.,
Chartered Patent Agents,
5, John Dalton Street, Manchester, and
3, Yorkshire Street, Rochdale.