Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 20th Apr., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 19th Jan., 1889
Complete Specification Accepted, 23rd Feb., 1889
We, FREDERICK FORDER and CHARLES FORDER, trading together in co-partnership
as Forder Brothers and Company, of Charles Street, Wolverhampton in the County
of Stafford, Hansom Cab and Carriage Builders, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to the construction of carriage windows in which the frames
consist of a combination of metal and wood or of other light material which may be
employed in such combination in substitution for the wood; and has for its chief
object to construct the metallic part of such frames of a stronger form of section
than heretofore, whereby the framing together of the wood or other light material
as aforesaid is rendered unnecessary, as is also the vertical bar usually employed to
strengthen the lower front light of a Hansom Cab. This invention, also, comprises
means whereby a broken square of glass may be readily removed and replaced with a
whole square without removing the frame from the carriage; and allows the wood
or other light material as aforesaid to be fixed to the metal without any screws shewing
at either the front or back face of the frame.
According to one modification of this invention, the metallic part of the frame is
formed of angle section one member of which forms a face (preferably the front) of
the frame and the other member forms the rim. The metal frame is formed from
a straight bar of angular section, by cutting the parts of the member thereof which
is intended to form the face of the frame so as to mitre at the angles and then
bending the other member of the bar so as to form a rectangular frame, and finally
bracing the mitred parts together and also the unjointed ends. A backing of wood
or other light material as aforesaid, formed in four strips for the top, bottom, and
sides, respectively, is placed within the metallic frame and each strip is fixed within
the frame by means of countersunk-headed screws passing through the rim of the
frame and screwed into the backing. The strips are unconnected from one another
at their ends, and thus the strength of the frame is derived exclusively or mainly
from the metallic part of the structure. These strips are, preferably, flush at their
back or outer face with the edge of the rim, and enclose a space between them in

page_text: which the square of glass fits easily and within which it may be pushed up against
the inside of the face of the metallic frame. After the glass has been so placed in position
in the frame it is retained therein by means of beads or strips of wood or other light
material as aforesaid which are placed against the glass and held to the backing by
means of screws. In lieu of forming the beads separate from the backing strips they
may, if desired, be formed therewith, that is to say, the backing strips may simply be
rebated along their inner edges for the reception of the glass; it is, however, pre-
ferred to employ separate beads as by so doing a broken glass can be readily removed
and replaced by a whole one, by simply removing the beads, which does not
necessitate removing the frame from its position in the carriage.
According to a further modification of this invention the metallic frame may be
formed of a T section of which the head of the T forms a face (preferably the front)
of the frame. Backing strips of wood or other light material as aforesaid are placed
against the head of the T section of metal and against the outer surface of the stalk
thereof, and are held to the frame by countersunk-headed screws passing through
the stalk and screwed into the backing. The rims or outer edges of the backing
strips preferably project somewhat beyond the edge of the metal frame, so that they
may be readily fitted to slide in the window grooves. The position of the stalk of
the section of the metal frame is such that it encloses a space within which the
glass fits easily and is pushed against the head of the section, and after the glass has
been so placed in position it is held within the frame by means of beads or strips of
wood or other light material fixed by means of screws passing therethrough and
through the stalk and screwed into the backing. The T section may be irregular,
that is with a greater width of the head on one side of the stalk than on the other,
and it will usually be found more convenient to make the inward projection of the
head somewhat less than the outward, as the beads or strips for holding the glass in
place may be comparatively shallow.
By the employment of the above described invention we are able to dispense with
the vertical central bar usually employed in the lower front light of a Hansom Cab,
as the angle or T section metal frame may be made of sufficiently light appearance
and yet give sufficient strength and stiffness to allow of the light being raised by
means of a strap, or equivalent, connected at the middle of the bottom bar.
The employment of the angle or T section metal frame permits, as will be obvious,
of the wood or other light material as aforesaid being combined therewith without
any screws appearing at either the front or back face of the frame.
בד
1 1
+1 1000
STEPHEN WATKINS,
Wolverhampton and Walsall,
Agent for the Applicants.

page_text: Improvements in Carriage Windows.
We, FREDERICK FORDER and CHARLES FORDER, trading together in co-partnership
as Forder Brothers and Company, of Charles Street, Wolverhampton in the County
of Stafford, Hansom Cab and Carriage Builders, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to the construction of carriage windows in which the frames
consist of a combination of metal and wood or of other light material which may be
employed in such combination in substitution for the wood; and has for its chief
object to construct the metallic part of such frames of a stronger form of section than
heretofore, that is of an angle or T-section (or section of analogous character),
whereby the framing together of the wood or other light material as aforesaid is
rendered unnecessary, as is also the vertical bar usually employed to,strengthen the lower
front light of a Hansom Cab. The invention, also, comprises means whereby a
broken square of glass may be readily removed and replaced with a whole square
without removing the frame from the carriage, and allows the wood or other light
material as aforesaid to be fixed to the metal without any screws shewing at either the
front or back face of the frame.
X
One modification of this invention is illustrated by figures 1 and 2 herewith, of
which figure 1 shews, in front elevation, the lower corner of a frame constructed
according to this invention, with the glass in position therein, and figure 2 is a section
on line a x of figure 1. According to this modification the metallic part A of the
frame is formed of angle section of which one member a forms a face (preferably the
front) of the frame and the other member b forms the rim. The frame A is formed
from a straight bar of angle section, by cutting away parts of the member a thereof
which is intended to form the face of the frame, in the manner shewn by figure 3, so
that the member b of such bar may be bent round at right angles to form a rectangular
frame and the edges of the cut-away parts properly mitre together at the angles, and
by finally brazing the mitred parts together and also the unjointed ends. These ends
are, preferably, mitred and joined at an angle. A backing c of wood, or other light
material as aforesaid, formed in four strips, for the top, bottom, and sides, respectively,
is fixed within the frame A by means of countersunk-headed screws d passing through
the rim b and screwed into the backing. The strips are, preferably, unconnected
from one another at their ends (though they may be framed together, if desired) and
thus the strength of the entire frame is derived exclusively or mainly from the
metallic part of the structure. These strips enclose a space between them in which
the square of glass B fits easily and within which it may be pushed up against the
inside of the face of the frame A. Putty, white lead, felt, rubber, or other suitable
material is, preferably, interposed between the glass and metal to ensure the proper
bedding of the glass and prevent rattling. The glass is retained in position in the
frame by means of beads or strips e of wood, or other light material as aforesaid,

page_text: which are fixed to the backing by means of springs or screws f. In lieu of forming
the beads separate from the backing strips they may, if desired, be formed therewith
that is to say, the backing strips may be rebated along their inner edges for the
reception of the glass; it is, however, preferred to employ separate beads, as by so
doing a broken glass can be readily removed and replaced by a whole one, by simply
removing the beads, which does not necessitate removing the frame from its position
in the carriage.
A further modification of this invention is illustrated by figure 4, which is a corres-
ponding view to figure 2. According to this modification the metallic frame A' is
formed of a T-section of which the head a¹ forms the face. The head projects more
on the outer side of the stalk than on the inner. Backing strips of wood, or
other light material as aforesaid, are placed against both the head a' and the outer
side of the stalk ', and are held to the frame A' by countersunk-headed screws d¹
passing through the stalk and screwed into the backing. The strips c¹ project,
preferably, when first put in place, somewhat beyond the exterior edge or rim of the
head a¹ in order that they may be readily fitted to slide in the window grooves (when
the frame is to be employed in such manner). The part of the frame A¹ encloses
a space within which the glass B fits easily. The glass is retained in position between
the inwardly projecting part of the part a¹ of the frame A¹ and beads or strips e¹ of
wood, or other light material as aforesaid, fixed by means of screws or sprigs f¹
passing therethrough and through the stalk and into the backing. In forming the
frame A¹ from a T-section of metal bar, lengths may be cut off to form the sides and
mitre together at the angles and the ends be brazed together; or parts may be cut
out of the head a' so as to allow the stalk to he bent round at right angles. The
latter method is, however, somewhat inconvenient as it involves brazing in filling-up
pieces on the exterior angles of the head.
A modification of this invention which we prefer to employ is illustrated by
figures 5 and 6 which correspond, respectively, to figures 1 and 2. According to this
modification a T-section of metallic frame A² is employed, but the stalk thereof
has considerably less projection from the head than the thickness of the backing
strips. The backing strips are grooved to fit over the stalk 62 and are held to the
frame A² by means of countersunk-headed screws (2 which pass through the substance
of the strips on the inner side of the stalk, through holes in the stalk, and into the
substance of the strips on the outor side of the stalk. The glass is retained in place
just as in the modification first described. The stalk 62 may, if desired, project
the thickness of the strips, but in such case the strips would be divided, which is
objectionable, and be held together and to the frame A³ by the screws d².
By the employment of the above-described invention we are able (so far as the
strength of the frame is concerned) to dispense with the vertical central bar usually
employed in the lower front light of a Hansom Cab, as the angle or T-section metal
frame may be made of sufficiently light appearance and yet give sufficient strength
and stiffness to allow of the light being raised by means of a strap or equivalent con-
nected at the middle of the bottom bar, without such bar being stiffened by a middle
vertical bar. The employment of the angle or T-section metal frame also enables
the wood or other light backing material to be fixed without any screws appearing at
either the front or back face of the complete frame.
The invention is capable of considerable modification as will be obvious, without
departing from its nature, for instance, the modification shewn by figure 4 may be
varied by forming an additional member, corresponding to the member 6 of figures 1
and 2, backwards from the outer edge of the head a¹.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. A frame of a carriage window formed of a combination of a metal frame with a
backing of wood or other light material, and of which the metal frame is formed of a
section of bar which has one member or flange joined at a right angle or at right

page_text: angles to another member or flange so as to give the maximum of strength, for a
given weight of material, both in the direction of the plane of the frame and at right
angles thereto, substantially as described.
2. Frames of carriage windows formed of a combination of T or angle section (or
section of analogous character) of metal with a backing of wood or other light
material, substantially as described, for the purpose or purposes set forth.
3. The means, substantially as described, by which a backing of wood or other
light material as aforesaid is fixed by means of screws to a metal frame for a carriage
window so that such screws do not appear at either the front or back face of the
complete frame.
4. In a carriage window the means, substantially as herein described, according to
the several modifications thereof, with reference to the drawings herewith, by which a
metal frame of angle or T-section (or section of analogous character) is combined
with a backing of wood or other light material, as aforesaid, for the purpose or
purposes set forth.