Year: 1888

page_text: 1, WILLIAM SAMUEL COOPER, of Number, 259 North Broad Street in the City of
Philadelphia, State of Pennsylvania, United States of America, Manufacturer of
Plumbers supplies, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
One object of my Invention is to dispense with fittings independent of the bowl of
the water closet for hanging the seat or lid, or both, thereto, an object which is
attained by securing one part of. the hinge directly to the earthenware bowl. A
further object of the Invention is to prevent undue strain upon the bowl when this
method of hinging the seat, or seat and lid thereto, is adopted.
The use of fittings independent of the earthenware bowl of the water closet, for the
purpose of hanging the seat, or seat and lid, is objectionable, as it requires more or
less enclosure of the bowl, or the placing of the same close to a wall or other support
for the lid and seat hinges.
In order to overcome this objection, I hang the seat or lid, or both, directly to the
earthenware bowl so that the latter, with its seat and lid, becomes practically a self-
contained structure, which can be set up in any desired position without regard to its
surroundings.
One of the simplest plans of carrying out the invention is as follows:-The bowl of
the closet has at each rear upper corner a projecting lug in which is formed an
opening for the reception of the shank of a hinge plate, the opening being recessed
for the reception of cement, whereby the shank of the plate is firmly retained
therein.
On the plate are two inwardly projecting pins, and to one pin is adapted an eye,
forming part of a plate secured to the seat of the closet, the other pin being adapted
to an eye forming part of a plate secured to the lid, the latter pin being at such
distance above the first pin as required by the thickness of the lid.
By the means described both the seat and the lid are hung directly to the bowl
without the necessity of providing a special support for either of said parts.
Where great strength is desired, the projection may extend from side to side of the
bowl, and the shanks of the hinge plates may be lengthened accordingly.

page_text: In order to prevent the straining of the earthenware bowl by the transmission of a
shock thereto, through the hinge plate when the lid or seat is violently thrown down,
it is advisable to interpose an elastic bushing between the recessed portion of the bowl
and that part of the hinge plate which is adapted thereto. A method of doing this is
to secure to each side of the bowl of the closet a plate having a projecting pin which
is adapted to a socket on a plate secured to the seat of the closet. Lateral openings
or recesses are formed in the side walls of the bowl for the reception of screw bolts
whereby the plate is secured to the said bowl, these screw bolts being fitted to the
internal thread of a sleeve which is externally threaded and screwed into a bushing of
rubber or other elastic material, which has previously been driven tightly into the
opening or recess in the bowl. By this means not only are the plates firmly secured
to the bowl of the closet, but an elastic medium is interposed between the confining
bolts and the material of the bowl, so that the latter cannot be subjected to such
injurious shocks or jars as would tend to fracture the same. The bolts may, if desired,
be screwed directly into the bushings; but the use of the interposed sleeve is
preferred.
The strains on the hinge plate are lessened by reason of an elastic bushing contained
in the socket of the hinge plate of the seat this elastic bushing forming the bearing for
the hinge pin.
The top of the bowl forms a bearing for a gasket carried by a plate secured to the
underside of the seat, this gasket being of rubber or other elastic material, and
serving to form a buffer to prevent contact of the seat with the bowl when the seat is
thrown forcibly down upon the bowl, excessive strain upon the hinge being thus
overcome. The gasket also serves to prevent the escape of gases between the upper
edge of the bowl and the seat.
Another form of interposed bushing is as follows -A lateral opening or recess is
formed in each of the side walls of the bowl for the reception of the devices whereby
the hinge plates are secured to said bowl. These devices comprise a ring and a bolt
having a beveled head, between which and the ring is clamped a flexible bushing of
rubber or equivalent material, the stem of the bolt passing through an opening in the
plate and receiving a nut which bears, upon the outer face of the plate. On screwing
up this nut the bolt is drawn outward and the flexible bushing is clamped between the
beveled head of the bolt and the ring, thus effecting the lateral expansion of said
bushing and the pressure of the same against the walls of the recess in the bowl. By
this means each plate is firmly secured to the bowl of the closet through the medium
of an interposed elastic bushing, so that the bowl cannot be subjected to such injurious
shocks or jars as would tend to fracture the same.
Or the hinge plate may have an inwardly projecting threaded stem adapted to a
beveled nut, between which and the ring the bushing is compressed, so as to expand
it against the walls of the opening.
When it is not desired to use the ring, the bushing may be compressed between the
-plate and the head or nut of the bolt.
In all cases, the hinge plate which is secured to the bowl, may have two projecting
pintles, one for the seat and the other for the lid.
Dated this 9th day of July-1888.
J. H. JOHNSON & Co.,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, W.C.,
Agents.

page_text: I WILLIAM SAMUEL COOPER of No. 259 North Broad Street in the City of
Philadelphia State of Pennsylvania United States of America Manufacturer of
Plumbers Supplies do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what.
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
One object of my invention is to dispense with fittings independent of the bowl of
the water closet for hanging the seat or lid, or both, thereto, an object which is
attained by securing one part of the hinge directly to the earthenware bowl. A
further object of the invention is to prevent undue strain upon the bowl when this.
method of hinging the seat, or seat and lid thereto, is adopted.
the
In the accompanying drawing-
Figures 1, 2 and 3 illustrate a simple plan of carrying out my invention.
Figures 4 to 8 illustrate a plan whereby the strain upon the bowl is reduced; and
Figures 9 and 10 illustrate another means for accomplishing the same object.
The use of fittings independent of the earthenware bowl of the water closet, for
purpose of hanging the seat, or seat and lid, is objectionable, as it requires.
more or less enclosure of the bowl, or the placing of the same close to a wall or other
support for the lid and seat hinges.
In order to overcome this objection, I hang the seat or lid, or both, directly to the
earthenware bowl so that the latter, with its seat and lid, becomes practically a self-
contained structure, which can be set up in any desired position without regard to
its surroundings.
One of the simplest plans of carrying out the invention is shown in Figures 1, 2
and 3, in which A represents part of the bowl of the closet which bowl has at each
rear upper corner a projecting lug a, in which is formed an opening for the reception.
of the shank b of a hinge plate B, the opening being recessed for the reception of
cement d, whereby the shank b is firmly retained therein.
On the plate B are, in the present instance, two inwardly projecting pins f and 9, -
and to the pin f is adapted an eye m, forming part of a plate m¹ secured to the
seat D of the closet, the pin g being adapted to an eye n, forming part of a plate n¹
secured to the lid F, the said ping being at such distance above the pin f as is required
by the thickness of the lid F.
By the means described both the seat and the lid are hung directly to the bowl
without the necessity of providing a special support for either of said parts.
Where great strength is desired, the projection a may extend from side to side of
the bowl, and the shanks of the hinge plates may be lengthened accordingly.
In the drawings I have shown the hinge at one side of the bowl only, as the
hinge at the opposite side of the same may be constructed in a precisely similar
manner.
'
In order to prevent the straining of the earthenware bowl by the, transmission,

page_text: of a shock thereto, through the hinge plate when the lid or seat is violently
thrown down, it is advisable to interpose an elastic bushing between the recessed
portion of the bowl and that part of the hinge plate which is adapted thereto, and
in Figures 4 to 8 I have shown the means I prefer for doing this as follows:-
I secure to each side of the bowl A of the closet a plate B having a projecting
pin f, which is adapted to a socket m on a plate m¹ secured to the seat D of the
closet. Lateral openings or recesses are formed in the side walls of the bowl A
for the reception of the screw bolts 6¹ whereby the plate B is secured to the said
bowl, these screw bolts being fitted to the internal thread of a sleeve p, (Fig. 5)
which is externally threaded and screwed into a bushings of rubber or other elastic
material, which has previously been driven tightly into the opening or recess in the
bowl. By this means not only are the plates B firmly secured to the bowl.A of the
closet, but an elastic medium is interposed between the confining bolts 6' and the
material of the bowl, so that the latter cannot be subjected to such injurious shocks
or jars as would tend to fracture the same. The bolts may, if desired, be
screwed directly into the bushings s, as shown in Figure 8; but the use of the
interposed sleeve p is preferred.
The strains on the hinge plate B are lessened by reason of an elastic bushing t con-
tained in the socket m of the hinge plate m¹ of the seat this elastic bushing forming
the bearing for the hinge pin f.
The bowl A has at w a bearing surface for a gasket wo₁ carried by a plate J. secured
to the underside of the scat, (see Figure 7) this gasket being of rubber or other
elastic material, and serving to form a buffer to prevent contact of the seat with the
bowl when the said seat is forcibly allowed to fall down upon the bowl, excessive
strain upon the hinge being thus overcome. The gasket wo also serves to prevent the
escape of gases between the upper edge of the bowl and the seat.
Another form of interposed busbing is shown in Figures 9 and 10. A lateral
opening or recess is formed in each of the side walls of the bowl A for the
reception of the devices whereby the hinge plates are secured to said bowl. These
devices comprise a ring x and a bolt 6¹ having a beveled head y, between which and
the ring is clamped a flexible bushing s of rubber or equivalent material, the
stem of the bolt passing through an opening in the plate and receiving a nut 6,
which bears upon the outer face of the plate B. On screwing up this nut the
bolt b¹ is drawn outward and the flexible bushing s¹ is clamped between the
bevelled head y of the bolt and the ring a, thus effecting the lateral expansion of
the said bushing and the pressure of the same against the walls of the recess in
the bowl. By this means each plate B is firmly secured to the bowl A of the
closet through the medium of an interposed elastic bushing, so that the bowl cannot
be subjected to such injurious shocks or jars as would tend to fracture-it.
In Figure 10 I have shown a construction in which the hinge plate has an
inwardly projecting threaded stem adapted to a bevelled nut, between which and
the ring the bushing s¹ is compressed, so as to expand it against the walls of the
opening.
'
When it is not desired to use the ring x, the bushing s¹ may be compressed between
the plate B and the head or nut of the bolt.
In all cases, the hinge plate B, which is secured to the bowl, may have two pro-
jecting pintles, one for the seat and the other for the lid, although but one of these
pintles, namely, that for the seat is shown in Figures 4 to 10.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is:-
First. The combination of an earthenware water closet bowl, a lid or seat therefor,
and a hinge having one part secured to said lid or seat and the other part secured
directly to the bowl.
'
Second. The combination of an earthenware water closet bowl, with a seat and
cover both. hinged directly to the-bowl.

page_text: Third. The combination of the earthenware bowl of a water closet, having a recess
therein, a plate baving a shank adapted to and secured within said recess, and a seat
or lid hinged to said plate.
Fourth. The combination of the earthenware bowl of a water closet, having a recess
therein, with a hinge plate having a shank adapted to and secured within the said
recess, and with a seat and lid both hinged to the said hinge plate the axis of the lid
hinge being in a higher plane than that of the seat hinge.
Fifth. The combination of the earthenware bowl of a water closet having a recess
therein, a plate baving a shank adapted to and secured within the said recess and two
laterally projecting hinge pintles, one of which is in a higher plane than the other a
seat hung to the lower pintle, and a lid hung to the upper pintle.
Sixth. The combination of the earthenware bowl of a water closet, hinge plates for
the lid or seat, securing bolts for said plates adapted to recesses in the bowl, and elastic
bushings interposed between said bolts and the walls of the recesses.
Seventh. The combination of the bowl having recesses, the hinge plates, the con-
fining bolts therefor, elastic bushings adapted to the recesses of the bowl, and
sleeves confined to the said bushings and receiving the bolts which secure the hinge
plates.
+
Eighth. The combination of the recessed bowl of a water closet, a hinge plate, a
securing bolt therefor, having a head or nut contained within the said recess and an
elastic bushing subjected to the pressure of the said head or nut and expanded thereby
against the walls of the recess.
Ninth. The combination of the bowl of a water closet having a recess therein, a
hinge plate, a ring, a bolt for securing the hinge plate, and an elastic bushing com-
pressed between the said ring and the head or nut of the bolt, and expanded thereby
against the walls of the recess.
Dated this 6th day of Novembar 1888