Improvements relating to the Utilization of Heat for the Production of Motive Power and for Refrigerating Purposes, and to Apparatus therefor.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Apr., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 26th Jan., 1894-Accepted, 14th Apr., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements relating to the Utilization of Heat for the Production
of Motive Power and for Refrigerating Purposes, and to
Apparatus therefor.
J, ELIAS GOTTLIEB BEHREND, of 6ª Welckerstrasse, Hamburg, in the Empire
of Germany, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
In the Specifications of Letters Patent No: 19098 A.D. 1889 and No. 10400
A.D. 1891 is described a method of and apparatus for utilizing the natural heat of
the earth and sun stored up in the water and air to evaporate liquids having a low
boiling point and to render it available for the production of motive power and
cold by re-conducting the vapours expanded in a closed steam engine and partly
liquefied to a counter-current evaporator which serves as a steam generator and
the several compartments of which are in connection with each other by return-
valves.
In order to cause the current of the condensed cold steam to be conducted in the
opposite direction to that of the heating liquid or the heating air current I use the
apparatus hereinafter described.
In one arrangement I combine a counter-current evaporator with a steam engine
of customary construction, and form each of its several compartments of two zig-zag
shaped clusters of pipes. For the aforesaid purpose I provide pumps which draw
the cold steam liquid through the admission pipes and conduct it through the
delivery pipes into the cluster of pipes of the adjoining compartment which is at a
higher tension. The said admission and delivery pipes are connected by regulating
valves or cocks in order that the quantities to be conducted may be accurately
regulated, for which purpose the valves or cocks may be provided with micrometer
or differential devices.
The pumps are actuated either through the medium of an eccentric by the main
shaft of the steam engine in a suitable manner, or through the medium eccentrics
Instead of pumps
or cranks by a common shaft, or by any other appropriate means.
use may also be made of injectors.
I may employ a counter-current evaporator in which the compartments consist
of coils arranged in water receptacles. The coils connected with each other may
be severally put out of action by the aid of three-way cocks without interfering
with the operation of the engine. With this object the lateral extension pipe of
each cock joins a common pipe so that one or the other compartment of the
evaporator may be excluded for enabling the cleaning or repair of the compartment
to be effected. The receptacles through which the heating liquid is caused to flow
in the opposite direction to that of the working liquid in the coils are connected, in
a similar manner as the latter, by cocks and pipes joined to a common pipe. The
heating liquid is admitted at the upper end through a pipe into the receptacle of
the last compartment and leaves the counter-current evaporator, if desired by
avoiding one or the other receptacle, through a pipe joined to the lower end of the
receptacle of the first compartment.
The cold vapours expanded in the engine cylinder are conducted through a pipe
and a cock into the counter-current evaporator and pass through a cock and a pipe
at a tension again to the motive power engine. These compartments of the counter-
current evaporator may also be in connection with each other in the described
manner by pumps or injectors and regulating devices.
In another arrangement of the counter-current evaporator the several compart-
ments of the pipes conducting the liquid to be heated are arranged in steps one

page_text: above the other. The said pipes are secured in head-pieces united with each other
by pipes and valves in a similar manner as in the case of the other arrangements of
the evaporator. The heating liquid passes into the receptacle of the last compart-
ment of the evaporator, flows down over the other compartments and leaves
through a pipe the receptacle of the first compartment of pipes. The ends of the
admission and delivery pipes serve for joining the pumps or injectors which act
similarly as in the first described arrangement and for which are also provided if
necessary the regulating devices connecting the suction and delivery pipes of the
pumps. To the admission valve I join in this arrangement the discharge pipe for
the expanded cold vapours of the motive power engine; from the valve of the last
compartment branches the pipe which re-conducts the vapours under pressure to
the motive power engine.
Dated this 28th dar of April 1893.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements relating to the Utilization of Heat for the Production
of Motive Power and for Refrigerating Purposes, and to
Apparatus therefor.
1, ELIAS GOTTLIEB BEHREND, of 6A Welckerstrasse, Hamburg, in the Empire
of Germany, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
In the Specification of Letters Patent No. 19098 A.D. 1889 and No. 10400
A.D. 1891 is described a method of and apparatus for utilizing the natural heat of
the earth and sun stored up in the water and air to evaporate liquids having a low
boiling point, such as ammonia, sulphurous acid, carbonic acid, methylic ether, ethyl-
chloride and others, and to render it available for the production of motive power
and cold by re-conducting the vapours of such liquids expanded in an engine of the
kind of the closed steam-engines and partly liquefied to a counter-current evaporator
which serves as a generator and the several parts of which are in connection with
each other by return-valves. The counter-current apparatus is so constructed that
the volatile liquids and their saturated vapours are caused to pass through the
same in the opposite direction to that of a heating agent so that the vapours
become at the same time heated and thereby its tension increased for re-use in the
engines.
In order to cause the current of the condensed vapours to be conducted in the
opposite direction to that of the heating agent (water or air) I make use of the
apparatus hereinafter more particularly described.
In the accompanying drawing,
Figure 1 illustrates a top view of a counter-current evaporator combined with a
motive power engine of customary construction such as used in steam engines.
Figure 2 is a side elevation of a somewhat modified counter-current evaporator.
Figure 3 is a plan of the same, showing the connection of the evaporator with
the engine, and
Figures 4 and 5 represent in vertical side elevation and plan another modification
of the counter-current evaporator combined with the motive power engine.
In the arrangement shown in Figure 1 each of the several compartments 1 to 7
of the counter-current evaporator are formed of two zig-zag shaped clusters of
pipes a. These pipes are communicating one with the other through return valves
in such a manner, that the liquid flowing in a direction opposite to that of the
heating fluid will gradually increase its tension in the several compartments 1 to 7
and is thereby caused to establish a cycle through the motive power engines thereto

page_text: connected. For the aforesaid purpose the pipes a of the compartment 1 are
combined by a valve h with the exhaust pipe m of the cylinder of the engine an
the pipes a of the compartment 7 by a valve with the admission pipe n of the
engine, so that the cycle of the working liquids is accomplished by these pipes in
the direction indicated by arrows.
Through a pipe e the fluid designed to successively heat the working liquid
within the pipes a is introduced into the receptacle occupied by the clusters of
pipes of the compartment 7, in order to be successively conducted through those
of the adjoining compartments 6, 5, 4, 3, 2 to the receptacle of the compartment 1
from which it flows off through the pipe f after the exchange of heat between the
working liquid and heating agent is accomplished.
For the purpose of avoiding a compensation of the differences of tension within
the pipes of the several compartments occurring in consequence of counter-current
action, and in order to cause the current of the condensate of the vapours to be
safely conducted in the opposite direction to that of the heating liquid or heating
air current provide a number of pumps C the suction and discharge pipes cº and e
of which are respectively connecting the zig-zag pipes a of each compartnient.
These pumps C are designed to draw the condensate of the vapours of the working
liquid through the admission pipes and conduct it through the discharge pipes c*
into the clusters of pipes of the respective adjoining compartment which is at a
higher tension. The said admission and discharge pipes are connected by regulating
valves or cocks d in order that the quantities to be conducted may be accurately
regulated, for which purpose the valves or cocks & may be provided with micrometer
or differential devices in a well known manner.
According as the valves or cocks are more or less opened, more or less working
liquid or vapours developed from the same returns from the discharge pipes e* to
the admission pipes c, thus varying the effect of the respective pump C.
The pumps are actuated either through the medium of an eccentric on the main
shaft to of the motive power engine, in which case they may be arranged one
behind the other and provided with a common piston rod, or by any other
appropriate means. Instead of pumps use may also be made of injectors.
In the counter-current evaporator, Figures 2 and 3, the zig-zag pipes a, Figure ]
are replaced by coils a' which are arranged in receptacles separated from each
other. The coils connected with each other may be severally put out of action by
the aid of three-way cocks without interfering with the operation of the engine.
With this object the lateral extension pipe of each cock or valve joins a common
pipe a* so that according as the cocks are adjusted (cide compartment 5) one
or the other compartment of the evaporator may be excluded for enabling the
cleaning or repair of the compartments to be effected. The receptacles 6¹ through
which the heating liquid is caused to flow in the opposite direction to that of the
working liquid in the coils a' are connected in a similar manner and for the same
purpose as the latter, by cocks g' and pipes 9 joined to a common pipe g. The
heating liquid is admitted at the upper end through the pipe e into the receptacle &
of the last compartment 7 and leaves the counter-current apparatus if desired by
avoiding one or the other receptacle through the pipe joined to the lower end of
the receptacle of the first compartment.
The cold vapours expanded in the engine cylinders are conducted through the
pipe in and the cock or valve into the counter-current evaporator and pass
through the valve or cock k¹ and the pipe n at a raised tension again to the motive
power engine. These compartments of the counter-current evaporator may also
be in connection with each other in the manner described with reference to
Figure 1 by pumps or injectors and regulating devices.
In the arrangement shown in Figures 4 and 5 of the counter-current evaporator
the several compartments of the pipes a conducting the liquid to be treated are
arranged in steps one above the other. The said pipes a are secured in head
pieces or chambers a³ united with each other by pipes aº and valves in a similar
manner as in the case of the other arrangements of the evaporator. The heating

page_text: liquid passes through the pipe e into the receptacle of the last compartment of the
evaporator, flows down over the other compartments and leaves through the pipe f
the receptacle of the first compartment of pipes. The ends and cx of the
admission and delivery pipes serve for joining the pumps or injectors which act
similarly as in the first described arrangement (Figure 1) and for which are also
provided if necessary the regulating devices connecting the suction and discharge
pipes of the pumps. To the admission valve I join in this arrangement the
exhaust pipem for the expanded vapours of the cylinder of the motive power
engine; from the valve of the last compartment branches the pipe n, which
re-conducts the vapours under considerably increased tension to the motive power
-engine.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
-claim is
1. The combination with a suitable motor, of a counter-current evaporator
comprising a cluster of pipes adapted to be filled with saturated vapours of a liquid
having a low boiling point, the initial and terminal of said clusters of pipes
respectively connected with the exhaust and supply of the motor, back pressure
valves interposed in the cluster and dividing the same into sections or compartments,
pumps or injectors for pumping the liquid from one compartment into the adjoining
compartment which is at higher tension and means for causing a heating agent to
flow about the cluster of pipes in opposite direction to that of the saturated vapours,
substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
2. The combination with a suitable motor of the herein described counter-current
evaporator comprising a number of coils of pipes, separately arranged in receptacles
but connected with each other and back-pressure valves or cocks interposed
between two coils, and communicating with a common pipe, the receptacles being
connected by cocks or valves and pipes joined to a common pipe for causing the
heating agent to flow about the coils through the whole set of receptacles from the
terminal towards the initial of the coils or through the common pipe, substantially
as and for the purpose set forth.
3. The combination with a suitable motor, of a counter-current evaporator
comprising a number of coils of pipes of which each coil is separately received
within a receptacle, back pressure valves or cocks interposed in the coils and
dividing the same into sections or compartments and pumps or injectors interposed
between two sections for pumping the liquid one into the other, the receptacles
being arranged to communicate one with each other, substantially as and for the
purpose set forth.
4. The combination of a suitable motor, with a counter-current evaporator
consisting of several compartments of pipes filled with saturated vapours of a
liquid having a low boiling point and arranged in steps one above the other
within separate receptacles so that the heating agent conducted into the most
elevated receptacle is caused to flow down over the other compartments, and back
pressure valves or cocks and pumps or injectors interposed between two compart-
ments, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
5. In combination with the herein described pumps or injectors for pumping
the working liquid from one compartment of a counter-current apparatus into
the other, regulating-devices, such as valves or cocks, interposed between the
suction and discharge pipes of the said pumps or injectors, substantially as and for
he purpose set forth.
Dated this 26th day of January 1894.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.