THE APPLICATION OF A PRINCIPLE IN HYDRAULICS, SUITABLE TO AN HYDRAULIC MACHINE WHICH I HAD INVENTED, FOR RAISING OP WATER PROM ALL DEPTHS, OUT OF MINES, PITTS, OR WELLS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES, WHICH WILL TURN OUT IN PRACTICE TO BE OF THE GREATEST UTILITY TO THE PUBLIC, AND WILL GREATLY LESSEN THE EXPENCE OF ALL METHODS HITHERTO USED AND INVENTED FOR FOR RAISING WATER
Year: 1782

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
RICHMOND, of Titchfield Street, in the Parish of Saint Marylebone, in the
County of Middlesex, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS I, the said John Richmond, did, by my Petition, humbly
represent to His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third, that
by much study, labour, and expence, I had discovered "THE APPLICATION OF
A PRINCIPLE IN HYDRAULICS, SUITABLE TO AN HYDRAULIC MACHINE WHICH I
HAD INVENTED, FOR RAISING OP WATER PROM ALL DEPTHS, OUT OF MINES,
PITTS, OR WELLS, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES, WHICH WILL TURN OUT IN
PRACTICE TO BE OF THE GREATEST UTILITY TO THE PUBLIC, AND WILL GREATLY
LESSEN THE EXPENCE OF ALL METHODS HITHERTO USED AND INVENTED FOR FOR
RAISING WATER," and in regard I was the first Inventor thereof, I therefore
most humbly prayed His said Majesty that He would be graciously pleased to
grant unto me, my executors, administrators, and assigns, His Royal Letters
Patent for the sole making, using, or vending of an hydraulic machine ór
machines for the raising of water from all depths out of mines, pitts, or
wells, within that part of His said Majesty's Kingdom of Great Britain
called England, His Dominion of Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed,;
for the term of fourteen years, according to the form of the Statute in that

page_text: case made and provided; His said Majesty, being willing to give encourage-
ment to all arts and inventions which might be for the public good, was
graciously pleased to condescend to my request, and therefore, by His Royal
Letters Patent, bearing date at Westminster, the Second day of January, in
the twenty-second year of His reign, of His especial grace, certain knowledge,
and meer motion, for Himself, His heirs and successors, did give and grant
unto me, the said John Richmond, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
His especial licence, full power, sole priviledge and authority, that I, the
said John Richmond, my executors, administrators, and assigns, and every one
of them, by myself and themselves, or by mine or their deputy or deputies,
servants or agents, or such others as I, the said John Richmond, my
executors, administrators, or assigns, shall at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times hereafter during the term of
years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend
my said Invention within that part of His said Majesty's Kingdom of Great
Britain called England, His Dominion of Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-
Tweed, in such manner as to me, the said John Richmond, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or any of us, should in our discretions seem meet,
and that I, the said John Richmond, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should and lawfully might have and enjoy the whole profit, benefit,
commodity, and advantage from time to time coming, growing, accruing, and
arising by reason of the said Invention, for and during the term of years
therein mentioned, to have, hold, exercise, and enjoy the said licence, powers,
priviledges, and advantages herein-before granted or mentioned to be granted
unto me, the said John Richmond, my executors, administrators, and assigns, for
and during and unto the full end and term of fourteen years from the date of
the said Letters Patent, next and immediately ensuing, and fully to be compleat
and ended, according to the Statute in such case made and provided; in which
said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that if I, the said John Richmond,
shoulil not particularly describe and ascertain the nature of my said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, by an instrument in writing
under my hand and scal, and cause the same to be inrolled in His Majesty's
High Court of Chancery within four calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent, that then the said Letters Patent,
and all liberties and advantages whatsoever thereby granted, should utterly
cease, determine, and become void, anything therein-before contained to the
contrary thereof in anywise notwithstanding, as in and by the said Letters
Patent (relation being thereunto had) may more fully and at large
appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Richmond, in compliance with.
the said proviso, do hereby describe and ascertain the nature of my said.
Invention, and declare the construction of a machine or engine, formed
according to the principles of the said Invention, to be as follows (that is to
say)-
The machine or engine is to consist of three working pumps, tubes, or
barrels, of any size and diameter that may be found most convenient for use,
and suitable to the purpose and situation of the place where they may be
wanted. These are to be joined together as pumps usually are, or in any manner
found most convenient to keep them firm and tight in an upright position;
but the upper and lower pumps, tubes, or barrels are to be of equal bores,
and the middle one is to be of a diameter that shall contain a larger quantity
of water in any given length of pipe than what either of the other two can
contain, even to double the quantity or more, and is to be open at the top, so as
to admit of a free passage for air, notwithstanding its junction with the upper
pump, tube, or barrel, by means of an hollow trumpet tube, herein-after men-
tioned, but is to be close at the bottom where it joins the lower pump, tube, or
barrel, excepting an hole to be left for the pump rod to pass through. By
this means the bydrostatic paradox is introduced to act upon the bottom part
of an hollow tube, which is to be worked within the upper and middle
pump, tube, or barrel, and to be of a length sufficient to make the full stroke
of the engine of whatsoever length it may be, with its lower end of a diameter
sufficient to fill the bore of the middle pump, tube, or barrel, and its upper
end to fill the bore of the upper pump, tube, or barrel, in the form of.a
trumpet, or any such like form, in order to admit the motion up and down to
the full extent of the engine's stroke, and to receive the pressure of the water
underneath on its expanded bottom, which may be opened and shut with a
valve or not, as may be found most beneficial. From the middle pump or tube
to the lower one a communication is to be made by a hole, as before men-
tioned, through which the pump rod is to pass, connected with the aforesaid
moveable tube, and to be fixed to a moveable bucket and valve, which is to be
worked in the lower pump, tube, or, barrel, the lower end of which pump,
tube, or barrel is to be inmersed in the water, and to have a fix'd box and a
valve in the like manner as other pumps have for the purpose of lifting water.
The punip rod, which is to be carried thro' the upper pump, tube, or barrel, to
the top of the pit or well, or to the ends of the pumps, tubes, or barrels, for
the purpose of working the machine, either by fire, water, wind, "horse,
man's labour, or other motive force, is to be connected with the moveable
tube before mentioned, so as to lift it up and down to make a stroke of the

page_text: machine. To the three pamps, tubes, or barrels before mentioned is to be
added a lateral pump, tube, or barrel of the same bore as the upper and lower
pumps, tubes, or barrels, and to communicate with them by a junction at each
end. One end is to open into the lower pump, tube, or barrel, just above the
stroke of the bucket, which draws the water from below; and the other end is
to be open into the upper pump, tube, or barrel, just above the stroke of the
moveable tube before mentioned, by which means the water drawn at every
stroke of the machine from the lower pump, tube, or barrel thro' the lateral
pump, tube, or barrel, is carried into the pumps, tubes, or barrels, that may be
added above to discharge the water to any height. But in order to procure
the counter-balance of water, which is the object of this Invention, or of
weights equal thereto, to act with the advantage of the hydrostatic paradox, or
by any means to assist the lift of the pump by a counter-balance to the water
contained therein, there must be an horizontal tube of communication between
the said middle pump, tube, or barrel, and another upright pump, tube, or
barrel of the same dimensions and bore as the middle pump, tube, or barrel
before mentioned, and such upright pump, tube, or barrel is also to be con-
nected with other pipes, &c. in like manner as before described when the
machinery is to be work'd by double pumps (which in deep mines may be tho
most effectual manner of working); but if by single pumps, weights must be
added on the surface of the water in the upright pump, tube, or barrel, join'd as
before mentioned, till they shall balance the whole column of the water, in like
manner as if pumps, tubes, or barrels were carried to a level of the other
pumps, tubes, or barrels, to form the machinery of working with double
pumps. In constructing the double pumps, there may be an horizontal tube
of communication between the two upper pumps, tubes, or barrels, a little
above the highest ascent of the moveable middle tube in each pump.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Richmond, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, the Thirtieth day of April, in the twenty-second
year of the reign of our Sovereign Lord George the Third, by the
grace of God of Great Britain, France, and Ireland King, Defender
of the Faith, &c., and in the year of our Lord One thousand seven
hundred and eighty-two.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBRED, that on this Second day of May, [in the
year above mentioned, the aforesaid John Richmond came before our said
Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification aforesaid,
and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above written.
And also the Specification aforesaid was stampt according to the tenor of the
Statute made in the sixth year of the reign of Their late Majestys King
William and Queen Mary of England, and so forth.