IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR MAKING BOOTS AND SHOES.
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Edward Newton, of the Office for Patents,
66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, for the
Invention of "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR MAKING BOOTS AND SHOES.".
A communication.
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Sealed the 5th August 1856, and dated the 15th February 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Edward Newton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th February 1856.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR MAKING BOOTS AND SHOES,
to be as follows:-
This Invention, of improved machinery for making boots and shoes, relates
to certain novel arrangements of machinery for securing the soles of boots and
shoes to the upper leather by means of pegs, of wood, or other suitable material.
In carrying out the Invention, the boot or shoe is first secured to a last in
the ordinary manner, and then fixed on to a boot holder, which forms part of
the machine, this boot holder being provided with a universal joint, so as to
admit of its being turned round in any direction. The boot holder and last
with the boot or shoe thereon is pressed up against a roller, to which an
intermittent motion is given, so that it may move the boot or shoe forward at
the proper time and the required distance. Immediately above this roller is
what is termed a peg carrier, which is something like a toothed wheel, having

page_text: indentations on its periphery to receive the wooden pegs that are cut off a strip
of wood by means of a knife, and then deposited in the grooves or indentations
of the peg carrier. Behind this peg carrier an awl or piercing instrument and
also a punch are mounted, and are made to act alternately; the first to pierce
a hole in the sole of the boot or shoe to receive a peg, and the second to drive.
the peg forward in the hole when made. Supposing a peg to have been just
driven, the motions of the several parts are as follows:-First, the boot is
moved forward the proper distance, then the awl or piercer advances, passes
through the indentation of the peg carrier from which the last peg has been
driven out, and makes a hole just in face of the said indentation or opening;
then the awl retires and the peg carrier moves round, so as to bring another
indentation with a peg therein opposite to the hole that has been just
made; the punch then advances and drives the peg forward out of the peg
carrier into the hole that has been made in the sole and fastens it in. These
operations are then repeated until the boot or shoe has been pegged all
round.
It will be frequently found advisable to insert two rows of pegs all
round the boot or shoe, and this may be done either by causing the boot to
move round a second time, or by moving up or down by means of a cam and
inserting alternately a peg in each row.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Edward Newton in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 14th August 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send greeting
WHEREAS Her most Excellent. Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the 15th day of February, in the year of our Lord 1856,
in the nineteenth year of Her, reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the, said William. Edward Newton, Her special
license that I, the said William Edward Newton, my executors;, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said William Edward Newton, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at, any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter, during, the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,

page_text: within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and: Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR MAKING BOOTS AND
SHOES," being a communication from abroad, upon the condition (amongst
others) that I the said William Edward Newton, by-an instrument in writing
under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and "cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months' next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
"
NOW KNOW YE, that: I, the said William Edward Newton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and, ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say) :-
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This machine consists of the following essential parts, whereby the shoe or
boot, having been cut and lasted in the usual way, is held and pierced, the
pegs are cut and driven, and the shoe is completely pegged with two rows
around the sole.
:
"
Fig. 1 is a jack or boot holder (Y,) firmly fitted to the last, having a ball and
socket joint (M,) with sliding joint y. The socket is attached to one end of a
bar B, supported in the stand F in such manner as to be movable endwise;
for the purpose of being brought forward to the work, or to be shoved back for
the jack to be taken out. The bar is pressed forward by the spiral spring A²,
and is then secured by the clamp or eye bolt and screw S. The shoe is
supported on a spur roller R; this roller is notched at proper distances for the
pegs, and is turned one notch at certain times by a catch C, which is moved
by suitable connections a', b', c', with a lever K, which is vibrated by a cam X
on the crank shaft W, seen in Fig. 4. The back part of roller R is indented,
and forms a bevelled wheel, gearing into a pinion of about half its size; the
upper part of this pinion forms the small spur roller, against which the shoe is
firmly pressed by the bar B, so that by the joint action of both rollers the shoe
is carried accurately at proper times, when the awl L and the punch P
alternately approach to pierce the hole and drive the peg. The awl Land
punch P are fitted into two sliding bars A and D, which are supported in the
stand T parallel to each other, seen at Fig. 4; they are connected by the
pitmans q, q', to the double crank on the shaft W, Fig. 4. It may be observed,
that by turning the crank the awl is made to approach and pierce a hole in
the sole, and as it recedes, another apparatus (to be described) cuts the peg
and drops it into the receiver o (Figures 3 and 5), which brings it exactly to

page_text: the hole pierced by the awl. This receiver in form resembles a bevel 'pinion;
it is indented at proper distances to receive the pegs. The awl and the purch
both strike through its indentations, thereby ensuring the peg to be brought
exactly to enter the hole, and ensuring the punch to strike the peg on the
head. This receiver is moved at proper intervals by a pawl e, Fig. carried
by a lever d', which is connected with the vibrating lever U, Fig. 2, which is
vibrated by the cam X as the shaft W revolves. Fig. 5 represents the apparatus
that, furnishes and cuts the pegs; this is a rectangular box or hopper H, wide,
enough to receive the sheets or cards of pegs; these are prepared pieces of
wood, Fig. 8, cut to the exact length, seasoned, and pointed. by the proper
grooving tool, as in the usual manner of making shoe pegs, but they are left in
cards of any length, according to the block from which they were made. This
card of pegs, being pointed, forms a complete rack, for the purpose of being
fed along by the alternate vibration of a catch G on the small lever I, attached
to the side of the hopper, and moved by rods g, g', connected through b, c, to
the lever K and cam X on crank shaft W. These cards are laid into the
bottom of the hopper which has a movable back, adjustable by screws, to
adapt it to any required length of pegs. There is a spring to press down the
card and keep it steady at the bottom, while the catch G shoves it along and
protrudes it out through a slot at the end of the box next to the receiver, and
a small knife K' is attached on the end of the box, and vibrates on a pivot
near the top of the box, see Fig. 5. The lower end or point of the knife
strikes between the points of the first and second pegs and cuts the peg
exactly through; the peg then drops into the receiver within the concave X2,
and is carried down to the hole and driven by the punch, the knife flies back to
its place, and the card is again pushed forward by the catch. These movements,
arranged in order, perform their work with regularity, but other movements
are required to adjust the shoe, so as to present all parts of the sole to the
action of the awl. The annular guide, Figs. 2 and 4, is a broad ring of
inetal, supported loosely in the clasps or bearings N, N, N, so as to be slipped
round by the pawl V, which vibrates on the inside of the ring and catches the
dents, moving the guide at proper times, as will be hereafter described. This ring
has a forked guide or wires B² projecting on the front side, into which the toe
of the shoe is protruded when the shoe is being pegged near the heel, and as
the shoe advances and enters the fork the catch is to be brought into gear by
the operator, which, by moving the ring, elevates the end of the last, and
carries it over while the pegs are being driven round the heel; when this has
been effected, the ring stops and the shoe travels out of the fork while the
shoe is being pegged along the side, the click that holds the ring in place is

page_text: withdrawn, and the ring turns back to its position by means of a small barrel
spring.Z, which has a chain or wire attached to the side of the ring; the
forked guide is then in position to receive the heel of the shoe, and to per-
form again the same operation, while the shoe is being pegged round the
toe. In order to place the pegs in a double row, the shoe is to be alternately
raised and lowered at each driving of a peg; this is effected by means of
the waved cam C2, Fig.s 6 and 7, on which rests a spring lever y³; this is
attached to the standards of the spur rollers R and r; the cam has ten dents,
and is moved by a catch i, operated through suitable rods and connections by
the cam on the shaft W. This lever y² by striking upon the swell of the cam
C² raises the rolls and the shoe, and again, when the peg has been driven, the
cam turns another notch, and the lever sliding down the wave of the cam
depresses the shoe enough to receive a peg in the inner row. The various
appendages, as wires, belts, cranks, &c., being very common, it is not deemed
necessary to swell this description a detailed account of them; it may be
sufficient to state that all the catches receive their motions from the cam X on
the shaft W, and the knife which cuts the pegs receives its motion from a pin
in the sliding bar that carries the punch. The wire rod P³, seen at Fig. 5,
attached by one end to the knife, and terminating at the other in a slot or
loop, embraces the pin in a sliding bar, and so communicates motion from the
bar to the knife. The operations of this machine may be announced in the
following order :-The shoe, having been cut and lasted in the usual way, is
fixed in its place, the card of pegs is placed in the hopper and pressed down-
ward, so as to protrude out through the slot at the end of the hopper. Now,
by turning the crank the punch is drawn back and the knife is drawn forward
by the rod P2, and cuts the peg, which then falls into the receiver O, and is
carried forward. The awl approaches and pierces a hole in the sole; and then
as the awl retreats the receiver advances one dent forwards and brings the peg
into the right position to enter, and the punch then approaches and drives the
peg; then as the punch recedes the shoe is carried along by the rollers R
and r, and at the same time the card of pegs is moved forward and another
peg is cut, and the shoe is lifted by the waved cam so as to receive the next
peg in the outer row. In using my machine I loosen the screw S when a peg
has been driven, and it remains loose while the shoe moves, and I tighten it
again just before the awl strikes; this I do with the left hand while turning
the crank with my right; it only requires to be done while the machine works
over the hollow of the sole.
Having now set forth the nature of this Invention, and explained the
manner of carrying the same into effect, I wish it to be understood that under

page_text: the above recited Letters. Patent I claim the several parts of: the above
described machine combined. for .the purpose of making boots.and 'shoes...
First, I claim the hanging the jack or last holder Y by universal joint M,
so arranged as to press against points of inclined spur wheel 2, and held firmly
at proper times by clamp S, or-analogous device...
Secondly, I claim the receiver O, when this is so combined with a concave
guide X, in which it revolves, as to receive the peg directly-as it is cut from
the block; and convey it directly to the hole pierced by the awl...
Thirdly, in combination with the revolving receiver, I claim the awl and
punch when made to operate alternately through the compartments thereof,
for the purpose of piercing the hole and driving the peg; it being understood
that I do not claim in general the device of making the awl and punch act
alternately with each other, as that is not new
Fourthly, I claim the rolling spur-wheels-R and r on which the shoe rests,
and is carried at certain times the precise distance for the series of pegs, either
for single or double rows.
Fifthly, I claim the manner of making the pegs by cutting them on the box
or hopper, as set forth; and feeding along the card by the alternate motion of a
catch operating on the points of the cards...
.. f.
.Sixthly, I claim the annular guide that supports the toe while the shoe is
being pegged round the heel, and also supports the heel while being pegged
round the toe..
J
Seventhly, I claim, the waved cam C2, for the purpose of raising and
depressing the shoe to place the pegs in alternate rows; I am aware that one
or more of the above-mentioned dévices may be dispensed with in some kinds
of work, I therefore do not claim the whole as a necessary combination, but I
use the whole for common large work, reserving: the right to use less or more,
as required.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Newton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Eleventh day of August, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
Witness,
J. W. MOFFATT,
66, Chancery Lane.
(L.S.) W. E. NEWTON.