IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO THE TREATMENT OF TOWNS' AND DOMESTIC REFUSE FOR SANITARY PURPOSES
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Conyers Morrell, of Leyland, in the
County of Lancaster, for the Invention of " IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO THE TREATMENT OF TOWNS' AND DOMESTIC REFUSE
FOR SANITARY PURPOSES."
Sealed the 20th May 1870, and dated the 3rd March 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Conyers
Morrell at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 3rd March 1870.
I, JAMES CONYERS MORRELL, of Leyland, in the County of Lan.
caster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO THE TREATMENT OF TOWNS' AND DOMESTIC
REFUSE FOR SANITARY PURPOSES," to be as follows :—
The refuse proposed to be treated by this Invention comprises human
excreta, the ashes and cinders of the domestic or other fire, sulliage, or
as called by some sewage. The first of these, vizt., human excreta, is

page_text: "
*r
to be collected in what is known as a dry commode" or closet,"
having by preference a movable vessel as the receptacle, attached to
and forming a portion of which is a penthouse or box containing an ash
screener somewhat similar to that for which Letters Patent were
granted to me on the 13th March 1867, by which the cinders are sifted
and the ash dust conveyed into the excrement receptacle for absorbing
and deodorizing the excreta.
The penthouse or box is by suitable framework joined to the
commode seat, and within such penthouse or box is fixed the riddle,
screen, or sieve before named at an angle from the horizon, having by
preference its higher edge abutting the side forming the back protection
to the seat, the attachment or suspension being by preference-a-flat
bar screwed to the screen frame with pivotted-ends working in suitable
journals attached-to the sides of the penthouse or casing at its upper
corners. This riddle, screen, or sieve receives the unscreened ashes
through a hole in the top of the penthouse, and is provided with sides
to direct the cinders as they separate from the ash dust and descend
the incline into a suitable receptacle, the ash dust passing through the
riddle, screen, or sieve falling on to inclined planes attached to and
forming as it were a hopper underneath such sieve with their lowest
edges converging towards one point. At this point a funnel or tube
is attached, directed and inclining towards the. excrement receptacle
placed below the seat, such funnel or tube either conveying the ash
dust direct into the excrement receptacle or on to a receiver or measurer
made either simply of a flat board or in the form of a shoe having a flat
bottom with sides open at one end wholly, at the other end partially,
and of such a width that the tube or funnel mouth may fit or work
within it. This shoe or measurer may either be attached by hinge to
the tube itself, in which case it will simply rest and work loosely on a
bar below it at its lower end, or it may be hinged at its under side upon
such bar. In either case it will move and distribute its charge of ash
dust into the excrement receptacle as herein-after described. Such
receiver or measurer may, however, by being made of a greater length
be carried direct from the point of conveyance of the hopper sides to
the excrement receptacle and so dispense with the funnel or tube, being
attached to one of the inclined planes forming the hopper sides, in which
case it will rest and work upon a bearer bar, or it may work loosely
under hopper mouth and be hinged upon bearer bar.
Across the lower

page_text: end of the screener frame is a bar of iron projecting at each side, one
of which projections or both may be connected with journal attachments
by a down piece or down pieces (by preference of iron) to the end of a
lever or the ends of levers. This lever or these levers have their fulcrum
attached to a side or the sides of the casing forming the combined ash
screener, penthouse, and commode, or to a bar running across such casing
at the other end rising and supporting the commode seat or descending
and attached to a treadle or a footboard, or attached to a handle. By
the depression of the commode seat or the treadle or the footboard or
by the use of the handle motion is given to the screener and its attach-
ments, by which the cinders are carried down its incline and the ash
dust on to inclined planes below, thence into the excrement receptacle
direct, or into the measurer or to the receiver, which on the depression
before named assumes by the consequent receding from the motion
given as described of the hopper mouth or of the funnel mouth into a
level position or thereabouts, and on the relief from depression imme-
diately falls into its former position and so distributes its contents of
ash dust into the excrement receptacle, the mouth of the funnel in this
latter case being closed by fitting itself against a cover which is attached
to or forms a portion of the case. It is not, however, absolutely
necessary that this funnel mouth should be so closed. The height of
the rose or fall of the levers may be adjusted by a rigid or clastic sus-
pension attached to the sides of the penthouse or of falling upon
receiving plates below them, which, by preference, shall have attached
to them pieces of elastic materials. The hole in the penthouse is fitted
with a lid which is suspended near its centre by suitable hinges, when
closed one portion filling the apperture, the other portion falling under-
neath the immovable portion of the penthouse cover, when open the
former rising and the latter forming a barrier to the too rapid descent
of the ashes thrown upon the screener. By the fixing on the inner
side or sides of the pieces placed to direct the cinders pieces of wood
or of other material of an angular or other suitable shape the lower end
of the lid is so forced as to cause it to close when motion is given to
the screener. In this way my Invention effects such improvements as
to combine a commode, a cinder sifter, an ash deliverer, or asb measure
or deliverer as it were all in one portable piece, suitable either for dwelling
houses, offices, or other premises requiring only a floor to stand upon,
with walls and roof to secure its privacy as a closet, such walls or
inclosures having, however, openings through which to put in the

page_text: unscreened ashes and to draw out the receptacles for excrement with
ash dust and that for cinders which may be fixed on wheels or otherwise
as is most suitable. The screw or seive may be supplemented by an
additional one of finer mesh placed at a similar angle or thereabouts
and underneath it, the object of this being to reduce the ash conveyed
to the excrement receptacle to the finest powder. The sulliage, or as
called by some sewage, now remains to be treated; by this I mean the
house slops, chamber liquid (urine), culenary water, and such like, the
object I aim at in the treatment of these matters being the purification
or comparative purification thereof before they are allowed to enter the
sewer. To do this I propose to convert the cinder box embraced in
the apparatus already described into a filterer by placing within it but
at a distance from its bottom a perforated plate upon which the cinders
are received, and on to which the liquid is conveyed by a tube with
suitable mouth-attachment being appended to the casing of the apparatus
already described. The mouth at the outside after passing through the
cinders and the perforated plate the purified liquid will pass from the
lower side through an opening into a drain or into the sewer. This
mode of cleansing the liquid named cannot be claimed by me as unknown
to the public, having myself published the suggesting in the Building
News of January 1869, and having permitted it to appear with the
Drawing, a paper red by Doctor Lyson to the Manchester and Salford
Sanitary Association, and more recently worked out by Mr. Whiley, of
Manchester. I describe it however as affording evidence of the increased
public utily of the apparatus already described though not necessarily
forming a portion of such apparatus.
By another modification I cleanse such liquid by the introduction
of foreign matter, in which case the cinders are left for reburning on
the premises. To carry out this modification I provide a strong box
or tank of wood, iron, or other suitable material. Within this box I
fix at its side or end near the top a smaller box either square or in-
ternally formed as a hopper. This latter box is for the reception of a
purifying chemical liquid or solid at a level somewhat below its bottom.
I make in the larger box an overflow hole by which passes away the
purified liquid. Having assumed that a given quantity of impure liquid
will require a given quantity of precipitating or purifying liquid or
solid chemical, I then place underneath the aperture to the larger box
(the remainder being covered over) what I call a tippling vessel, that

page_text: is, a vessel made in the form of a globular ale glass. This vessel is fixed
at its stem on an axle running from extreme side to side of the larger
box. One end passes through the lower part of the chemical receptacle
and having one of its working journals on the side of such a receptacle,
the other working journal being on the opposite side of the larger vessel,
the foot of the tippler being weighted. It will be understood that its
mouth will stand open underneath an aperture, through which the
liquids are conveyed in their discharge from the house, and so become
charged with such liquid by a proper adjustment of the weight before
named. This tippler will immediately upset and discharge its contents
into the larger vessel, and in doing so will give a turn to the axle on
which it is fixed; attached to this axle at the point where it enters
the chemical box is a valve which opens by the motion of the axle
begore given. By the adjustment of the hole closed by the valve
a given quantity of purifying material escapes into the larger vessel,
then to perform its office of precipitating and purifying the liquid therein
contained. On the axle within the chemical box is placed a brush to
agitate and keep in an equally liquified state the liquid compound of
the chemical box, or if a solid is used a propeller, which on the turn of
the axle will force a given quantity of it through the opening hole into
the larger tank or box. This box or tank I place by preference alongside
and between the cinder receptacle and excrement receptacle of the
apparatus already described conducting the liquid into it by the mouth
and tube described as applicable in case the cinders are used as purifyers.
It may then be drawn out and emptied simultaneously with those from
the passage outside the yard. It may, however, be placed in any more
suitable situation, either below the surface of the yard or upon the
surface. The purified liquid passing from its overflow mouth will pass
either by a fall or by means of a moveable connection into 'the drain
or sewer. In lieu of the tippler of the vessel a flat plate forming a
lever weighted on one side may be used, so adjusted on the axle as to
operate the discharge of chemical (liquid or solid) by receiving its
pressure from the weight of liquid falling upon it, but I prefer the
measuring tippler.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James Conyers Morrell in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 3rd September 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
CONYERS MORRELL, of Leyland, in the County of Lancaster, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Third day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-third year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said James Conyers Morrell, Her special licence
that I, the said James_Conyers Morrell, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said James Conyers Morrell,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO THE TREATMENT OF TOWNS' AND
DOMESTIC REFUSE FOR SANITARY PURPOSES," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said James Conyers Morrell, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Conyers Morrell, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
The refuse proposed to be treated by this Invention comprises human
excreta, the ashes and cinders. of the domestic or other fire, sulliage, or as
called by some sewage. The first of these, namely, human excreta,
is to be collected in what is known as a dry commode" or closet,
having by preference a moveable, vessel as receptacle, attached to and

page_text: forming a portion of which is a penthouse or box or chamber containing
an ash screener (somewhat similar to that for which Letters Patent
were granted to me on the 13th day of March 1867), by which the cinders
are sifted, and the ash dust conveyed into the excrement receptacle
for absorbing and deoderizing the excreta.
The penthouse or box or chamber is by suitable framework joined
to the commode seat, and within such penthouse or box or chamber is
fitted the riddle, screen, or sieve before named at an angle from the horizon,
having its higher edge abutting, one of the sides forming the penthouse,
box, or chamber, the attachment or suspension being by preference a
flat bar screwed to the screen frame with pivoted ends working in
suitable journals attached to other sides of the penthouse or casing at
or near its upper corners. This riddle, screen, or sieve receives the
unscreened ashes through a hole in the top of the penthouse, or in any
other suitable manner, and is provided with sides to direct the cinders as
they separate from the ash dust, and descend the incline into a moveable
receptacle, the ash dust passing through the riddle screen or sieve falling
on to inclined planes attached to and forming as it were a hopper
underneath such sieve with their lowest edges converging towards one
point. At this point a funnel or tube is attached directed and inclining
towards the excrement receptacle placed below the seat, such funnel or
tube either conveying the ash dust direct, into the excrement receptacle
or on to a receiver or measurer made either simply of a flat board or in
the form of a shoe, having a flat bottom with sides open at one end
wholly, at the higher end partially, and of such a width that the tube or
funnel mouth may fit or work within it. This shoe or measurer may
either be attached by hinge to the tube itself, in which case it will simply
rest and work loosely on a bar below it at its lower end, or it may be
hinged at its under side upon such bar.. In either case it will move and
distribute its charge of ash dust into the excrement receptacle,.as herein-
after described. Such receiver or measurer may however by being made
of a greater length be carried direct from the point of convergence
of the hopper sides to. the excrement receptacle, and.so.dispense with the
funnel or tube, being attached to. one of the inclined: planes, forming the
hopper sides, in which case it will rest and work upon a bar, or it may
work loosely and be hinged upon a bearer bar. Across the lower end of.
the screener frame is a bar of iron projecting at each side, one of which.
projections. or both may be connected, with journal attachments by a

page_text: down piece or down pieces (by preference of iron) to the end of a lever
or ends of levers. This lever or these levers have their fulcrum attached
to a side or the sides of the casing forming the combined ash screener,
penthouse, and commode, or to a bar running across such casing, at the
other end rising and supporting the commode seat or descending and
attached to a treadle or foot board, or attached to a handle. By the
depression of the commode seat or the treadle, or the foot board, or by
the use of the handle motion is given to the screener and its attachments,
by which the cinders are carried down its incline, and the ash dust on to
the inclined planes below them into the excrement receptacle direct, or
into the measurer or on to the receiver, which on the depression before
named assumes by the consequent receding from the motion given as
described by the hopper mouth or of the funnel mouth a level_position
or thereabouts, and on the relief from depression immediately falls into
its former position-and-so distributes its contents of ash dust into the
excrement receptacle, the mouth of the funnel in this latter case being
closed by fitting itself against a cover which is attached to or forms a
portion of the case. It is not however absolutely necessary that this
funnel mouth should be so closed. The height of the rise or fall of the
levers may be adjusted by a rigid or elastic suspension attached to the
sides of the penthouse or by falling upon receiving plates below them,
which by preference shall have attached to them pieces of elastic
material. The hole in the penthouse is fitted with a lid which is
suspended near its centre by suitable hinges, when closed one portion
filling the aperture, the other portion falling underneath the im-
moveable portion of the penthouse cover, when open the former rising
and the latter forming a barrier to the too rapid descent of the ashes
thrown upon the screener. By the fixing on the inner side or sides
of the pieces placed to direct the cinders pieces of wood or of other
material of an angular or other suitable shape, the lower end of the lid
is so forced as to cause it to close when motion is given to the screener.
In this way my Invention effects such improvements as to combine a
commode, a cinder sifter, and ash deliverer, or ash measurer and
deliverer as it were all in one portable piece, suitable either for dwelling
houses, offices, or other premises requiring only a floor to stand upon,
with walls and a roof to secure its privacy as a closet, such walls or
enclosures having however openings through which to put in the
unscreened ashes and to draw out the receptacles for excrement with ash
dust and that for cinders, which may be fixed on wheels or otherwise as

page_text: is most suitable. The screen or sieve may be supplemented by an
additional one of finer mesh placed at a similar angle or thereabouts and
underneath it, the object of this being to reduce the ash conveyed to the
excrement receptacle to the finest powder. The sulliage, or as called by
some sewage, now remains to be treated; by this I mean the house slops,
chamber liquid (urine), culinary water, and such like, the object I aim
at in the treatment of these matters being the purification thereof
before they are allowed to enter the sewer. To do this I propose to
convert the cinder box embraced in the apparatus already described into
a filterer by placing within it but at a distance from its bottom a
perforated plate upon which the cinders are received, and on to which
the liquid is conveyed by a tube with a suitable mouth attachment being
appended to the casing of the apparatus already described, the mouth at
the outside after passing through the cinders and the perforated plate
the purified liquid will pass from the lower side of the box through an
opening into a drain or into the sewer. This mode of cleansing the
as unknown to the public,
liquid named cannot be claimed by me
having myself published the suggestion in the "Building News" of
January 1869, and having permitted it to appear with a Drawing in a'
paper read by Dr. Syson, to the Manchester and Salford Sanitary
Association, and morcover recently worked out by Mr. Whitley of Man-
chester. I describe it however as affording evidence of an increased
public utility of the apparatus already described, though not necessarily
forming a portion of such apparatus.
By another modification I cleanse such liquid by the introduction of
foreign matter, in which case the cinders are left for reburning on the
premises. To carry out this modification I provide a strong box or tank
of wood, iron, or other suitable material. Within this box I fix at its
side or end near the top a smaller box, either square or internally formed
as a hopper. This latter box is for the reception of a purifying chemical
(liquid or solid) at a level somewhat below its bottom. I make in the
larger box an overflow hole which passes away the purified liquid.
Having assumed that a given quantity of impure liquid will require a
given quantity of precipitating or purifying liquid or or solid chemical, I
then place underneath the aperture to the larger box (the remainder
being covered over) what I call a tippling vessel, that is, a vessel made in
the form of a globular ale glass. This vessel is fixed at its stem on an
axle running from extreme side to side of the larger box, one end passing.

page_text: through the lower part of the chemical receptacle, and having one of
its working journals on the side of such receptacle, the other working,
journal being on the opposite side of the larger vessel. The foot of this
tippler being weighted it will be understood that its mouth will stand
open underneath an aperture through which the liquids are conveyed
on their discharge from the house, and so become charged with such
liquid by a proper adjustment of the weight before named this tippler.
will immediately upset and discharge its contents into the larger vessel,
and in doing so will give a turn to the axle on which it is fixed; attached
to this axle at the point where it enters the chemical box is a valve,
which opens by the motion of the axle before given; by the adjustment of
the size of the hole caused by this valve a given quantity of purifying
material escapes into the larger vessel, there_to_perform its office of
precipitation and purifying the-liquid therein contained. On the axle.
within the-chemical box is placed a brush to agitate and keep in an
equally liquified state the liquid compound of the chemical box, or if a
solid is used a propeller, which on the turn of the axle will force a given
quantity of it through the opening hole into the larger tank or box.
This box or tank I place by preference alongside and between the cinder
receptacle and the excrement receptacle of the apparatus already described
conducting the liquid into it by the mouth and tube described as appli-
cable in case the cinders are used as purifiers. It may then be drawn
out and emptied simultaneously with those from the passage outside the
yard. It may however be placed in any more suitable situation, cither
below the surface of the yard or upon the surface; the purified liquid
passing from its overflow mouth will pass either by a fall or by means
of a moveable connection into the drain or sewer. In lieu of the tippler
vessel a flat plate forming a lever weighted on one side may be used, so
adjusted on the axle as to operate the discharge of chemical (liquid or
solid) by receiving its pressure from the weight of liquid falling upon it,
but I prefer the measuring tippler.
. The before-going being the nature and object of my Invention, I will
now proceed to describe more in detail the manner in which the same is
to be or may be performed or carried out into practical effect, and in
order that the same may be more clearly and readily seen and understood
I have hereunto annexed a Sheet of Drawings illustrative thereof, and
have marked them with figures and letters of reference corresponding
with those in the following explanation. Like letters and figures marked

page_text: thereon are used to denote similar parts throughout the various
Figures.
Figure 1 is an outside perspective elevation of my self-contained dry
ash closet; Figure 2 is a sectional clevation of same showing screener,
excrement, and cinder receptacles together with mode of agitating screener
and ash measurer by depression of the scat.
Figure 3 is a sectional elevation illustrating my self-contained closet
having screener hung from the side of penthouse; Figure 4 is a plan
of same; Figure 5 is a section through a, b, Figure 4.
Figure 6 is a sectional elevation illustrating my self-contained closet
and having the screener agitated by depression of a foot board also having
three receptacles, one for excrement and ash dust, one for cinders for
reburning, and another for smaller cinders and acting as a filterer for
liquid matter.
Figure 7 illustrates a modification of the hopper, spout, and shoc, or
ash measurer.
Figures 8 and 9 illustrate modifications of the ash measurer or
director.
Figures 10 and 11 illustrate forms of riddle or screener.
Figure 12 illustrates apparatus for cleansing or purifying liquid by the
introduction of foreign matter.
Figure 13 illustrates a penthouse containing a screener suitable for
use to be fixed or attached to the ordinary privies or ash-pits.
.
Figure 14 illustrates a screener hung from side of penthouse and
worked or agitated by a single lever actuated from the front of the seat
of the commode.
"
a, penthouse, box, or chamber; b, commode seat; c, pan of commode
scat; d, ash screener or riddle; e, sides and bottom of ash screener
forming hopper; f, hinge or pivot of ash screener; g, shoot or funnel of
ash screener; h, shoe or measurer of ash screener; i, bar running across
ash screener and forming rib for cinders to shake or roll over; k, door or
lid of, hole or aperture in penthouse top for placing cinders; m, bar
running across penthouse and supporting shoe or measurer h; n, lever
having its fulcrum at o worked by depression of commode seat b, and
agitating screen d by means of connecting rod p; q, excrement and ash
receptacle; , cinder receptacle; s, shoot for directing cinders into
receptacle ; t, rest for ash screener; 1, rest for ash screener through

page_text: ash screcer levers; u, suspender, v, nanate and fever arrangement for
agitating screener by hand.
The action of the apparatus is as follows:-The fire refuse, namely,
cinders and ashes, are thrown upon the top of screener d through
aperture in penthouse a. Upon using the commode the seat bis
depressed and the screener d agitated or shaken by means of the levers n.
The ash dust falls down the hopper e and into the funnel or shoot g,
thence into the measurer h, which when the seat is depressed is in a
horizontal position, the cinders falling down outside of screener d and
into receptacle ». Upon the scat being relieved from its weight it rises
and brings the shoot or measurer / into an inclined position to discharge
its contents of ashes upon the deposit in the excrement receiver_q,-and-
so on continuously.
I will now describe the modifications of the working parts of this my
Invention. v in dotted lines, Figure 2, illustrates a lever and handle,
by which means the screener & may be worked or agitated, in this case
dispensing with the depressing seat b, lever n, and attendant gear, but it
is preferred to have the screener suspended by u, shown in dotted lines,
or resting on a buffer t. The screener may be suspended from the side
of the penthouse, as shown in Figures 3, 4, and 5. In this case the
screener may be agitated by the means of a crank lever worked by a
single lever and the depression of the seat, the measurer being also
worked by the lever and depression of the seat in this wise; upon the
depression of the scat the crank lever w is elevated and agitates the
screener by working into the notch a; the crank lever also works
the shoe or measurer by means of the lever y hinged to the measurer h
and having its fulcrum at y'. In some cases I prefer to use merely a slide
or board hinged to the ash hopper, as shown in Figure 6. The screener
may be agitated by the action of a footboard Z, as shown in Figure 6.
d, Figure 6, shows a second and coarser. screener placed beneath
screener d for this purpose, namely, the cinders fall from screener d
on to screener d', the coarser cinders thence fall into receptacle r, and
the finer ones into receptacle ». Liquid matter, such as house slops,
chamber liquid (urine), can be poured or emptied into receptacle,
which receptacle having a double bottom the liquid is purified by passing
through cinders, and is then carried away by a suitable pipe. g', Figure 7,
represents a notch or angle piece, which is attached to hopper funnel y,
which works measurer h, the measurer in this case being hinged or

page_text: In
suspended at ¹ and weighted at . This angle piece also serves
as a ram or forcer to force out the ash dust on the deposit. h³,
Figures S and 9, show shoe or measurer hinged to cross bar m.
this case they are worked by the action of the hopper funnel g, and arc
weighted at 3 to bring them back into the inclined position. d,
Figure 10, shows step or gradient which is formed in screener or
riddle d, so as to give action to the cinders and more efficiently separate
them from the ashes. d³, Figure 11, shows a bar or step fixed on to
screener or riddle for the similar purpose of more efficiently separating
the ashes or cinders. A, Figure 12, box or tank; B, smaller box or
compartment for the reception of purifying chemical (liquid or solid);
C, overflow pipe; D, tippling vessel; D', counterbalance; E, valve; F,
brush or measurer for chemical purifier.
The action of this apparatus is as follows:-The liquid is poured into
vessel D, which when full tipples over, empties its contents into the
bottom of the tank A, at the same time a portion of chemical purifier
is distributed by means of the brush F through the valve E, and falls
into the liquid in the tank A.
Having now described and ascertained the nature and object of this
my said Invention, together with the manner in which the same is to be
or may be carried out into practical effect, I wish it to be clearly
understood that I do not confine myself to the several proportions and
relative dimensions of the various parts of the construction, as it will
be readily seen that the same may be considerably varied without
departing from my Invention; but what I claim is,―
Firstly. The procuring of a self-contained portable combined commode
and agitating ash screener, measurer, and distributor, by which the
cinders are sifted for reburning, and the ash dust conducted and dis-
tributed over the deposit in the excrement receptacle, substantially in
the manner and for the purposes herein-before described, set forth, and
illustrated.
Secondly. The procuring of a self-contained combined commode and
agitating ash screener, with which the cinders are sifted and the ash
dust conducted on to the deposit in the excrement receptacle, the cinders
being riddled, the coarser ones into a receptable for reburning, and the
finer ones into a receptacle for filtering liquid matter, substantially in
the manner and for the purposes herein-before described and set forth.

page_text: Thirdly. The mode or modes herein-before described of agitating a
screener and ash measurer suspended at the side or rear end of a commode
or closet, thereby separating cinders and ash dust, substantially in the
manner and for the purposes herein-before described and set forth.
And, lastly. The purifying of sulliage by means of the tank shown at
Figure 12, with chemical box or vessel within it, substantially in the
manner and for the purposes herein-before described, set forth, and
illustrated.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Conyers Morrell, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this First day of September, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy.
JAMES CONYERS (L.s.) MORRELL.
Witness,
FREDERICK J.-GHEESBROUgh,
of 43, Castle Street,
Liverpool.