IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BISCUITS, LOZENGES, AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES OF CONFECTIONARY
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Vicars, senior, Thomas Vicars, junior, and
Thomas Ashmore, all of Liverpool, in the County Palatine of Lancaster,
Engineers, and James Smith, of the same Place, Baker, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BISCUITS, LOZENGES,
AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES OF CONFECTIONARY."
Sealed the 2nd June 1857, and dated the 9th December 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Vicars, senior,
Thomas Vicars, junior, Thomas Ashmore, and James Smith, at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
9th December 1856.
WE, THOMAS VICARS, senior, THOMAS VICARS, junior, aud THOMAS ASHMORE,
all of Liverpool, in the County Palatine of Lancaster, Engineers, and JAMES
SMITH, of the same Place, Baker, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BISCUITS. LOZENGES. AND
OTHER LIKE ARTICLES OF CONFECTIONARY," to be as follows:-
Our said improvements relate to the peculiar mechanical arrangements of
machinery for forming dough and like plastic materials employed in the
manufacture of biscuits, gingerbread, lozenges, and other similar descriptions
of confectionary, and delivering the same ready for baking.
Our improved machines consist of framework carrying rollers, over which
endless webs or bands of moleskin, or other suitable materials, are stretched,
Price 8.1

page_text: and between which the prepared paste or dough is pressed by the action of
a roller on each side to produce any required thickness, whence it is carried
on the same endless web on which it is rolled to a set of cutters or dies to
shape and impress it, after which the web delivers the articles produced on
to trays carried by another web. A lesser web is arranged to remove the
scrap or waste material of the confectionary. The webs are kept dredged
with flour or floury material equally distributed by cylindrical brushes. The
webs have a simultaneous motion produced by a roller and a ratchet actuated
by a crank. The webs are at rest during half the stroke of the crank
while the cutters or dies are shaping and impressing.
The novelty of our said Invention consists mainly in the arrangements of
the webs, and in the dough being pressed between them without its coming in
contact with the rollers, and also in their action being intermittent instead of
continuous.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Thomas Vicars, senior, Thomas Vicars, junior, Thomas
Ashinore, and James Smith in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
6th June 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, 'I HOMAS
VICARS, senior, THOMAS VICARS, junior, and THOMAS ASHMORE, all of Liver
pool, in the County Palutine of Lancaster, Engineers, and JAMES SMITH, of
the same Place, Baker, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Ninth day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the twentieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant-unto us, the
said Thomas Vicars, senior, Thomas Vicars, junior, Thomas Ashmore, and
James Smith, Her special licence that we, the said Thomas Vicars, senior,
Thomas Vicars, Jr, Thomas Ashmore, and James Smith, our executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Thomas Vicars,
senior, Thomas Vicars, J, Thomas Ashmore, and James Smith, our exe-
cutors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OP

page_text: BISCUITS, LOZENGES, AND OTHER LIKE ARTICLES OF CONFECTIONARY," upon the
condition (amongst others) that we, the said Thomas Vicars, senior, Thomas
Vicars, J, Thomas Ashmore, and James Smith, our executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Thomas Vicars, senior, Thomas Vicars,
junior, Thomas Ashmore, and James Smith, do hereby declare the nature of
our said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
Our said improvements relate to the peculiar mechanical arrangements of
machinery for forming dough and like plastic materials employed in the
manufacture of bread, biscuits, gingerbread, lozenges, and other similar
descriptions of confectionary.
And for the better understanding of our said Invention, we will now proceed
to give the details thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto
annexed, in which the same letters indicate like parts throughout.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is an end elevation, and Figure 2 is a side elevation of a machine
constructed according to my said Invention. A is an endless web on which
to place the dough or paste, it then passes between the rollers B,which guage
it to the proper thickness, and is thence conveyed to C, a set of cutters or
dies. The same web carries the articles, shaped and impressed, forward to
trays carried by the web D. The small web E, travelling above the web A,
delivers the waste into the box F; G is the crank for actuating the several
ratchets; H, a smaller web; F and F are two small revolving brushes; and
F, the driving pulley and spindle.
It will be thus observed that our improved machines consist of a framework
carrying rollers, over which endless webs or bands of moleskin, or other
suitable materials, are stretched, and between which the prepared dough or
paste is pressed by the action of a roller on each side to produce any required
thickness, whence it is carried on the same endless web on which it is rolled
to a set of cutters or dies to shape and impress it, after which operation the
web delivers the articles produced on to trays carried by another web. A
lesser web E is arranged to remove the scrap or waste material. The webs
are kept dredged with flour or like material equally distributed by the rotation

page_text: of cylindrical brushes. The dough or paste is never in contact with the
rollers, but only with the porous and dusted web, which prevents adhesion and
clogging. The webs have a simultaneous motion produced by cach having
a roller and a ratchet actuated by a crank. The webs are at rest during half
the stroke of the crank while the cutters or dies are shaping and impressing.
Having thus fully described our said Invention, we would remark, that its
novelty consists mainly in the arrangements of the webs, and in the dough
being pressed between them without its coming in contact with the rollers,
and also in their action being intermittant instead of continuous.
As our said improvements are capable of numerous modifications, we do not
limit ourselves to materials,dimensions, or the precise situation of the several
parts; and we do declare that what we claim as our Invention is, namely,
the peculiar construction of machines for the manufacturing of bread, biscuits,
lozenges, and other like articles of confectionary, as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Vicars, junior, on behalf of
myself and the said Thomas Vicars, senior, Thomas Ashmore, and
James Smith, have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Fifth day of
June, in the year of our Lord 1857.
THOMAS VICARS, Jun. (1.8.)