Improvements in the Manufacture of Sugar, and in Machinery therefor.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd De.. 1893
Complete Specification Left, 22nd Oct., 1894-Accepted, 22nd Dec., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Sugar, and in Machinery
therefor.
I, SYLVAIN TOUyarou, of 45 Rue de Tanger, Paris, in the Republic of
France, Sugar Refiner, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
I refine directly and by vapour alone by well known centrifugal apparatus.
With sugars of 93 to 96 degrees, I throw them at once into the machine. When the
sugars are of inferior quantity as for example sweepings, I dissolve them and obtain
by clarification a pure syrup which I cook so as to obtain grains. When I have
obtained the grain required by the consumer I put the sugar into special moulds
suitable to produce blocks which will fit the drum of the centrifugal machine.
After the sugar has been a few hours in the moulds, by emptying them I obtain
blocks such that a certain fixed number will just fill the drum of the machine.
Then the operation is the same as if I had at first commenced with grains rich in
degrees of sugar and by centrifugal force and steam alone I can bring the grain to a
purity exceeding 99 per cent.
When the liquor produced by the steam and thrown off by the rotation is white
and hot I stop the machine and put the grains into a consolidating machine and so
I produce ingots, cubes or slabs.
By these means I work with less loss than heretofore and obtain a purer
product.
By the consolidating machine which I will now describe sugar crystals suitably
prepared are agglomerated by pressure and a product of a high degree of purity is
obtained.
The machine has a jacketted hopper to receive the grains which can be heated by
the admission of steam to the jacket or cooled by the circulation of cold water or
liquor to suit the quantity of the sugar under treatment. There are rotating
agitators in the lower part of the hopper.
Means are also provided for the supply of hot liquor to facilitate the starting of
the machine and to compensate for any drying of the sugar which may have taken
place whilst standing.
The grains are delivered from the hopper into moulds. At the bottom of the
hopper is a slide or valve which is opened automatically by each mould as it passes
beneath the hopper and closed automatically by springs as the mould passes away.
The moulds are drawn from end to end of the machine and beneath the hopper by
an endless chain with which the moulds are caused to engage.
The moulds after passing beneath the hopper and so being filled are carried under
& plunger which descending upon the contents of the mould applies a heavy pressure
such as 2000 kilos. per centimeter square.
The plunger works vertically in guides on the frame and it receives movement.
from two eccentrics one on either side upon an axis below. Each eccentric is
contained within a rectangular frame which is suitably guided as it moves vertically
and is connected by a rod with the plunger. There are screw threads and outs
upon the rods for adjusting the descent of the plunger and regulating the
pressure

page_text: The axis carrying the eccentrics is driven by a train of gearing. The first axis
of the train has belt pulleys upon it and a fly wheel; by a pinion this axis drives a
toothed wheel upon an intermediate axis. This intermediate axis by a pinion and
wheel drives a second intermediate axis which by equal toothed wheels drives the
axis carrying the eccentrics.
The endless chain passes around two drums one at each end of the machine and
on the axis of one of the drums is a ratchet wheel. The wheel receives an inter-
mittent motion from a pawl carried by an arm mounted loosely on the axis and
connected by a rod with a crank pin upon a disc carried at the end of the second
intermediate axis; the crank pin is adjustable by means of a screw along a radial
slot in the disc.
The endless chain consists of plates hinged end to end, they have lugs projecting
on either side which engage with notches in the flanges of the drums. The links of
the chain are perforated to receive pegs projecting from the under sides of the
moulds. The moulds are of bronze and have various partitions arranged to give to
the sugar compressed in them the form of ingots, cubes, or slabs. The four sides of
the mould are jointed to the bottom and are kept in place by hooks which are also
jointed. Two of them serve to open the slide or valve at the lower part of the
hopper: spring catches upon the slide engage with them so that as the mould
passes beneath the hopper the slide opens and the mould fills. As the mould passes
away the spring catches on the slide are released by coming against suitable stops.
As soon as it is released springs cause the slide to return and close; it is reopened
by the next mould. When there are no more inmoulds in place the hopper remains
closed.
The length of each movement is such as to withdraw one mould from beneath the
hopper and bring forward another in its place. Similarly at each movement a
pressed mould is withdrawn from beneath the plunger and another is brought
forward to receive pressure.
In the moulds I place pieces of sheet zinc or brass which are withdrawn with the
sugar when the mould is opened.
The moulds are put on to the endless chain at one end of the machine and are
removed at the other end by hand labour.
Dated this 17th day of December 1893.
1
Improvements in the Manufacture of Sugar, and in Machinery
therefor.
I SYLVAIN TOUYAROU of 45 Rue de Tanger Paris in the Republic of
France, Sugar Refiner do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
I refine directly and by vapour alone by well known centrifugal apparatus.
With sugar of 93 to 96 degress I throw them at once into the machine when the
Bugars are of inferior quality, as for exemple sweepings: I dissolve them and obtain by
clarification a pure syrup, which I cook so, as to obtain grains. When I obtain the
grain required by the consumer, I put the sugar into special moulds suitable to
produce blocks, which will fit the druin of the centrifugal machine. After the
Bugar has been a few hours in the mould by emptying them, I obtain blocks such
that a certain fixed number will just fill the drum of the machine. Then the
operation is the same as if I had at first commenced with grains rich in degrees of
sugar, and by centrifugal force, and steam alone, I can bring the grain to a purity
exceeding 99 per cent.

page_text: When the liquor produced by the steam and thrown off by the rotation, is white
and hot, I stop the machine and put the grains, into an agglomerating machine and
I produce, ingots, cubes, or slabs.
By these means, I work with less loss, then heretofore and obtain a purer
product.
It is to be observed, that I do not use in my operation any stranger matter what-
ever, as it has been done, in some cases, in order to obtain a stronger agglomeration :
for any stranger matter is detrimental to the product, and embarassing the refiner.
By the agglomerating machine, which I will now describe, sugar crystals, suitably
prepared, are agglomerated by pressure, and a product of high degree of purity is
obtained.
The machine has a malaxator of double envelope (C) to receive the grains,
which can be heated by the admission of steam to the malaxator or cooled by the
circulation of cold water, or syrop of sugar to suit the quantity of sugar under
treatment. There are rotating agitators (✗) in the lower part of the malaxator.
Means are also provided for the supply of hot liquor to facilitate the starting of
the machine, and to compensate for any drying of the sugar, which may have taken
place whilst standing.
The grains are delivered from the malaxator into moulds, prepared, according to
the requirements of the consumer, at the bottom of the malaxator is a slide or
valve (B) which is opened automatically by each mould, as it passes beneath the
malaxator, and shuts automatically by the means of a wheel, the moulds after
passing beneath the malaxator, and so being filled are carried under a plunger (J)
which descending upon the contents of the mould applies a heavy pressure such as
2000 kilos. per centimeter square.
The plunger works vertically in guides between slides (N) on the frame and it
receives movement from the eccentrics (M) on either side upon an axis. Each
eccentric is contained within a rectangular frame, which is suitably guided, as it
moves, vertically and is connected by a rod (Q) with the plunger.
There are screw threads and nuts upon the rods (Q) for adjusting the descent of
the plunger, and regulating the pressure.
The axis carrying the eccentrics, is driven by train of gearing. The first
axis (A) of the train has set pulleys (TT) upon it and a fly wheel (U) by
pinion (D). This axis drives a toothed wheel upon an intermediate axis (A). This
intermediate axis by a pinion and wheel, drives a second intermediate axis, which
by equal toothed wheels (D. H.) drives the axis (K.) which directs the axis (M)
carrying the eccentrics.
The endless chain passes around two drums (E) one at each end of the machine
and on the axis of one of the drums (E) is a rotched wheel (F). The wheel
receives an intermittent motion from a pawl (T) carried by a arm (Y) mounted
loosely on the axis and connected by a rod (2) with a crank pin (M) upon a disc
carried at the end of the second intermediate axis; the crank eccentric is adjustable
by means of a screw along a radial slot in the disc (K).
The endless chain consists of plates hinged end to end, they have lugs projecting
on either side, which engage with notches in the flanges of the drums (E). The
links of the chain are perforated to receive pegs projecting from the under sides of
the moulds. The moulds are of bronze and have various partitions arranged to give
to the sugar, compressed in them, the form of ingots, cubes, or slabs. The four
sides of the moulds are jointed to the bottom, and kept in place by hooks, which are
also jointed. Two of them serve to open the slide or valve (B) at the lower part of
the malaxator, spring catches upon the slide engage with them so, as the mould
passes beneath the malaxator, the slide (B) opens and the mould fills.
As the mould passes way, the spring catches on the slide; are released by
coming against suitable stops. As soon, as it is released, springs cause the slide (B)
to return and shut. It is reopened by the next mould. When are no more moulds
in place the malaxator remains closed.
The length of such movement is such as to withdraw one mould from beneath the
'
"

page_text: malaxator, and bring forward another in its place, similarly at each movement, a
pressed mould, is withdrawn from beneath the plunger (J) and another is brought
forward for the same operation.
In the mould I place trays of sheet of zinc or copper, which are withdrawn with
the sugar, when the mould is opened.
The monlds are placed on the endless chain at one end of the machine, and are
removed at the other end by hand labour. Then they are opened and the ingots
or cubes of sugar already pressed and agglomerated are taken off.
The moulds are then cleaned, and replaced on the endless-chain.
(A) indicates the opening for the admission of steam or water to heat or cool the
malaxator, and (A') indicates the mouth of the exit of the steam or water.
(AA) are the axes, which carry the radial spatulas.
(5) indicates the manner in which the spatulas are disposed on the several axes.
The superior axis moves by an endless chain and the chain-wheels spring from
the axis (X).
The spatulas prevent the sugar from coagulating or curding in the malaxator.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is.
1. The process of refining sugar by putting sugar known as the No. 3 in a centri-
fugal machine, by steam, of moulding the sugar whilst hot, and producing ingots or
cubes by pressure without any eterogeneous matter.
2. A machine for moulding the sugar, and which is composed; of an endless-
chain, which has an intermittent movement; of moulds operating by the means of
the endless-chain of a malaxator, which delivers the sugar into the moulds, as they
pass beneath it: of a plunger which serves for the agglomeration.
3. A disc, with partitions to receive the sugar from the malaxator, and produces
cubes or ingots, without hand-labour. In the interior of the disc, there are trays of
sheet of zinc or copper, which are detached from the disc, as soon, as it is with-
drawn from the agglomerating machine, as above described.
Dated this 13th day of December 1894.
P. CARAPATA,
Agent for Applicant.