Improvements in Means or Apparatus Employed for Roasting and Cooling Coffee, Chicory, Malt, and other Material.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 14th.Apr., 1887.
-Complete Left, 16th Jan., 1888
Complete Accepted, 23rd Mar., 1888
Improvements in Means or Apparatus Employed for Roasting and
Cooling Coffee, Chicory, Malt, and other Material.
I, HENRY MADDOCKS of 28 Love Lane, Eastcheap, in the City of London trading
as Savage and Company, Grocer's Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
For this purpose I employ an open vessel of any suitable form which may be
provided with a wire work or perforated or unperforated sheet metal bottom. This
vessel is arranged so as to receive either a rotary or reciprocating motion; when
receiving a rotary motion the vessel is mounted at an angle.
Below the said roasting vessel is arranged a suitable heating apparatus which may
consist of any desired construction of furnace or of any desired form of gas burner.
I also preferably arrange above said roasting vessel a preparatory or drying vessel
and I provide each of such vessels with suitable slides or doors so that the contents of
the upper one can when desired be allowed to fall into the lower one and the contents
of the latter when fully roasted allowed to pass out therefrom into a suitable
receiver.
By the use of apparatus constructed-as above described the substances contained in
the vessels will be kept continually agitated in such manner that they shall pass over
a given plane and then fall to the lowest part by their own gravity; the upper or
preparatory chamber or vessel is so arranged that the heat from the lower vessel will
prepare the contents of this upper vessel for the lower one and will thereby save heat
and time so that when the first mentioned vessel has effected the roasting of its charge
and discharged the same the contents of the upper or preparatory chamber or vessel
are discharged into the lower vessel to be there completely roasted.
If desired the upper or preparatory vessel may be dispensed with and a hood may
be applied over the vessel or vessels to carry off the vapours and products of com-
bustion. The apparatus may also be employed for cooling the material after the
roasting has been effected.
Dated this 14th downs A: 1007
HENRY
MADDOCKS.
By Harris & Mills,
23, Southampton Buildings,
Agents.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Means or Apparatus Employed for Roasting and
Cooling Coffee, Chicory, Malt, and other Material.
I, HENRY MADDOCKS of 28 Love Lane, Eastcheap, in the City of London, trading
as Savage and Company, Grocer's Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained, in and by the following statement :-
For this purpose I employ an open vessel of any suitable form which may be
provided with a wire work or perforated or unperforated sheet metal bottom. This
vessel is arranged so as to receive either a rotary or reciprocating motion; when
receiving a rotary motion the vessel is mounted at an angle.
Below the said roasting vessel is arranged a suitable heating apparatus, which
may consist of any desired construction of furnace, or of any desired form of gas
burner.
I also preferably arrange above said roasting vessel a preparatory or drying
vessel and I provide each of such vessels with suitable slides or doors so that the
contents of the upper one can when desired be allowed to fall into the lower one and
the contents of the latter when fully roasted allowed to pass out therefrom into a
suitable receiver.
By the use of apparatus constructed as above described the substances contained in
the vessels will be kept continually agitated in such manner that they shall pass over
a given plane and then fall to the lowest part by their own gravity; the upper or
preparatory chamber or vessel is so arranged that the heat from the lower vessel will
prepare the contents of this upper vessel for the lower one and will thereby save heat
and time so that when the first mentioned vessel has effected the roasting of its charge
and discharged the same, the contents of the upper or preparatory chamber or vessel
are discharged into the lower vessel to be there completely roasted.
If desired the upper or preparatory vessel may be dispensed with and a hood may
be applied over the vessel or vessels to carry off the vapours and products of com-
bustion. The apparatus may also be employed for cooling the material after the
roasting has been effected.
And in order that the said invention may be more clearly understood and readily
carried into effect I will proceed aided by the accompanying drawings more fully
to describe the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is a side elevation of an apparatus constructed according to my invention;
Figure 2 is a back elevation thereof; Figures 3 are detail views of parts and Figure 4
is a vertical section of the preparatory and roasting vessels separately and Figure 5
is a horizontal section taken on the line A. B of Figure 1 with some of the parts
removed.

page_text: Figure 6 is a side elevation of a modified form of apparatus; Figure 7 represents
a side elevation partly in section of a similar form of apparatus in which a furnace is
arranged to give the required heat; and
Figure 8 is a further modification in which a reciprocating instead of a rotary
motion is given to the preparatory and roasting vessels.
In all the figures of the drawings like parts are indicated by similar letters of
reference.
I will first describe the construction of apparatus represented at Figures 1 to 5.
a represents the frame of the apparatus which is constructed at its upper part with
a hood or chamber a' provided with a door or lid a hinged to the fixed part a³ of the
top and a chimney or flue at to collect and carry off the vapours and products of
combustion from the roasting coffee or other material and the gas flame or furnace.
Within the hood or chamber a¹ upon an inclined shaft or spindle d I mount an open
vessel b of any suitable form provided with a wire work, or it might be a perforated
or unperforated sheet metal bottom b' below which the sides descend a short distance
and a sliding door or shutter ² at the side.
This vessel which is the roasting vessel is strengthened by a wheel or frame 63
formed with a rim of section upon which the bottom b¹ is supported and a
central hollow boss or bearing which receives the shaft or spindle d and is supported
upon a bearing d' carried by a bracket a³ forming part of the frame of the apparatus
and through which the shaft or spindle d passes.
The boss or bearing of the roasting vessel is formed with a cross cut or
opening in the bottom thereof which leads into a transverse channel or slot b
formed therethrough and the shaft or spindle is provided with a cross pin or key
thereon which is capable of passing up the cross cut or opening and into the
channel or slot in order to secure the vessel upon the shaft or spindle d.
By these means the vessel is capable of being readily placed in position upon, and
removed from the shaft or spindle d and when in position thereon compelled to
revolve therewith; or other suitable means may be employed to effect this object.
In order to enable the roasting vessel to be removed from the apparatus the top a³
of the hood or chamber a' together with the hinged door a² are formed capable of
being easily dismounted.
Above the roasting vessel I arrange a preparatory or drying vessel c which is
also provided with a wire work or it might be a perforated or unperforated sheet metal
bottom e¹ and a sliding door or shutter c².
This preparatory or drying vessel c has its bottom strengthened in a manner similar
to that described with respect to the vessel by means of a wheel or frame c³ formed
with a rim of L section upon which the bottom e¹ is supported and a central boss
or bearing to receive the shaft or spindle d, but in this case the shaft or spindle d
does not pass through the boss c but it is formed with a square upon the end thereof
which is received into a correspondingly shaped recess formed in the boss or
bearing .
This construction enables the preparatory or drying vessel c to be removed from
and placed in position upon the shaft or spindle d and compels it to revolve with the
roasting vesel and in order to afford additional support to the preparatory vessel c
I cause it to rest upon brackets 68 carried by the vessel b. The roasting vessel is
furnished with distributing blades & fixed thereto which in the-revolution thereof
assist to spread or distribute the material being roasted over the bottom b¹.
The inclined shaft or spindle d passes downward through the boss or bearing d¹ and
is received into another boss or bearing 2 supported upon the bracket a and is
supported by and revolves upon an adjustable centre or step formed by a set screw d³
screwing into and through a threaded hole formed through the lower part of the boss
or bearing d.
Upon the inclined shaft or spindle d is keyed a bevelled toothed wheel d which is
taken into by and receives motion from a bevelled toothed wheel e¹ keyed upon a
horizontal shaft e supported with capability of revolving in bearings e², e bolted to.
the bracket a³. This shaft e is provided with a crank handle e by means of which

page_text: rotary motion may be given thereto, and thus to the inclined shaft or spindle d and
vessels b and c, by hand and it is also fitted with fast and loose pulleys e³, e6 to receive
a driving band in case it is desired to give motion to the apparatus by a gas, steam or
other engine.
Below the roasting vessel is arranged a heating apparatus consisting of several
Bunsen or other like burners f supplied with gas through a conduit f1 furnished with a
regulating and shut off cock for any other suitable construction of heating apparatus
or furnace may be employed for this purpose. Beneath the roasting vessel band
upon the front of the frame a I mount a cooling vessel or receiver g into which the
contents of the vessel when fully roasted may be allowed to pass a shoot a* upon
the frame a guiding it in its descent. This cooling vessel g
fitted with a wire work
or perforated sheet metal bottom g¹ and a handle g² and it is provided at each side
thereof with short studs or axes g3 g which drop into open ended slots a' formed
in projections a, a carried by the frame a.
By these means the cooling vessel g may be oscillated upon the axes 9³ g³ as
indicated by the dotted lines in Figure 1 in order to facilitate the cooling operation
and it may be readily removed from the apparatus and transported together with its
contents wherever desired.
The frame a of the apparatus is preferably furnished with adjustable feet whereby
the entire apparatus may be inclined or tilted backwards or forwards in order to vary
the inclination of the vessels b and c according to the movement desired to be given
to the contents thereof.
These adjustable feet according to the arrangement shown at Figures 1 and 2 each
consist of a bracket a bolted to the frame a the projecting part of which bracket a
is formed with a tapped hole therethrough to receive an adjusting screw a³ one end
of which bears upon the floor upon which the apparatus is placed and forms an
adjustable support thereto. Any other form of adjustable foot may however be
employed for this purpose.
In the modification represented at Figure 6 the cooling vessel or receiver instead
of being mounted upon horizontal axes and receiving an oscillating or reciprocating
motion as represented with respect to the previous figures, is in this arrangement
mounted with capability of removal upon a vertical inclined shaft or spindle in a
similar manner to the vessels b and c and receives a similar rotary motion. This
inclined shaft or spindle is supported with capability of revolving in bearings 1, 2,
carried by a bracket a bolted to the frame a and rests at its lower end in a step or
bearing provided with an adjusting screw ³ in a similar manner to that described
with respect to the previous figures and it has keyed thereon a bevelled toothed wheel /*
which takes into a similar wheel i¹ keyed upon a horizontal shaft i upon which shaft
is also keyed a band or chain wheel or pulley 2 from which a band passes to a
similar wheel e fixed upon the shaft e.
The cooling vessel or receiver g is in this example provided with a sliding door or
shutter g* to facilitate the removal of the contents thereof.
According to this arrangement it is only necessary to give motion to one or other
of the shafts i or e in order to put in motion all the vessels b, c and g at the same
time.
At figure 71 have represented an arrangement of apparatus similar to that last
described but in this case a furnace is employed to give the required heat and some
of the parts are modified accordingly.
The fire which is supported on fire bars fl is partially surrounded by walls a¹
of fire brick or other suitable refractory material a door a" being provided in the back
wall in order that access may be had to the furnace and the inclined shaft or spindle is
prolonged at its upper end and mounted in a bearing de carried by the top a³ of the
hood or chamber at and at its lower end such shaft or spindle d passes through the
fire brick wall a¹ to the exterior of the apparatus where it is supported in an adjustable
bearing or step carried by a bracket a fixed to the frame a and similar to that described
with respect to the previous figures.
In order to protect the shaft or spindle d from the action of the fire it is surrounded

page_text: for the greater portion of its length with a tube or casing d' of cast iron firmly bolted
to the frame of the apparatus.
Motion is given to the inclined shaft or spindle d of the roasting vessel b and the
inclined shaft or spindle / of the cooling vessel g by means of arrangements of gearing
similar to those described with respect to Figure 6 and the horizontal shafts e and i
are in this instance also coupled by means of a band or chain ; so that motion
given to one of such shafts e ori is thereby transmitted to the other of them and the
vessels, b, c and g are fitted upon their inclined shafts or spindles d and h with
capability of removal in the manner previously described. A shoot or hopper a* pro-
vided with a sliding door or shutter a** to prevent the heat from the furnace descending
therethrough is arranged to guide the roasted material in its descent to the cooling
vessel or receiver g and a loose tray or vessel such as k may be employed to receive
the contents of the cooling vessel g and convey them away.
At figure 8 I have roughly indicated a means of giving a reciprocating motion
to the preparatory and roasting vessels b and c.
In this arrangement the vessel b is mounted upon a horizontal shaft or studs or
axes d supported in bearings d¹ in the frame a and such vessel is provided with an
offset 6* which is connected by a link or connecting rod e* with a crank disc e¹ keyed
upon a horizontal shaft e to which rotary motion may be given by means of a crank
handle e. Other suitable means may however be employed to give a reciprocating
motion to the vessels b and c.
The operation of the apparatus is as follows:-
:-
The gas or fire having been lighted the material to be roasted is placed in the
roasting vessel b and that to be prepared for roasting is placed in the preparatory
vessel c; motion is then given to the apparatus by the means herein before described
when the material contained in the vessels will be kept continuously agitated in such
manner that it will pass over a given plane and then fall to the lowest point thereof.
by its own gravity.
During this operation the waste heat from the roasting vessel b will pass to and
act upon the contents of the preparatory vessel c in such manner as to dry or partially
roast them in readiness for the completion of the process in the roasting vessel b.
After the completion of the roasting of the contents of the vessel the sliding door
or shutter 62 is raised and the contents of such vessel are allowed to fall into the
cooling vessel which is oscillated or rotated to facilitate the cooling operation, and
the sliding door or shutter c² of the preparatory vessel c is raised allowing its charge
to fall into the empty roasting vessel ; another charge is now placed in the pre-
paratory vessel c and the operations are repeated.
By the use of apparatus constructed and operating as above described I obtain
great economy in the heating means and in the time and labour necessary to roast
and cool a given quantity of material.
If desired the upper or preparatory vessel c and the hood or chamber a¹ and its
connected parts may be dispensed with and where gas or a similar heating medium is
employed the cooling vessel 9 may also be dispensed with and the cooling may be
effected in the roasting vessel b after the gas or other similar flame has been turned
out or removed and when employing an oil flame as the heating means the roasting
vessel b would be provided with an unperforated metal bottom.
1 would here reimark that the various constructions of apparatus hereinbefore shown
and described are merely given as examples of some of the modes in which my
invention may be carried into effect, and I would have it understood that I do not
confine myself thereto as it is evident that the details of construction may be varied.
without departing from the nature of my invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The general arrangement of means or apparatus for roasting coffee, chicory,
molt and than
11
11

page_text: 2. In apparatus of the character hereinbefore referred to the employment of an
inclined rotating or a reciprocating vessel such as 6 in manner substantially as
herein shown and described and for the purpose stated..
3. In apparatus of the character hereinbefore referred to, the employment of
roasting vessel 6 in combination with preparatory vessel e both of such vessels being
caused to revolve or reciprocate together in manner substantially as herein shown and
described and for the purpose stated.
4. In apparatus of the character hereinbefore referred to, the employment of
frame a fitted with adjustable feet a³, a³, hood or chamber a¹ roasting vessel 6 heated
by gas or other means and provided with door or shutter b² and distributing blades 69;
preparatory vessel e provided with door or shutter c² both of such vessels being
mounted upon and caused to revolve with inclined shaft or spindle d receiving
motion through bevelled wheels d¹ and e¹ keyed upon shafts d and e respectively, and
rotary or reciprocating cooling vessel g, all in manner substantially as herein shown
and described and for the purpose stated.
HENRY
MADDOCKS.
By Harris & Mills,
23, Southampton Buildings,
Agents.