A NEW OR IMPROVED MODE OF AND MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS, TILES, AND OTHER PLASTIC FORMS
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Jowitt Shackleton and George James Kemp,
both of Dartford, in the County of Kent, Brick Manufacturers, for an
Invention of "A NEW OR IMPROVED MODE OF AND MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS, TILES, AND OTHER PLASTIC
FORMS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Jowitt Shackleton
and George James Kemp at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
21st July 1880.
EDWARD JOWITT SHACKLETON and GEORGE JAMES KEMP, both of Dartford, in
the County of Kent, Brick Manufacturers. "A NEW OR IMPROVED MODE OF AND
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS, TILES, AND OTHER
PLASTIC FORMS."
According to our Invention we take clay, earth, or other materials suitable for
the manufacture of plastic materials, and without separating same from any hard
or solid substances, such as stones, we place or convey the same in a convenient way
into a mortar mill provided with heavy edge runners, which as they revolve crush
the earth, clay, and other substances together with stones and other substances
contained therein; the materials so crushed then pass by preference through
gratings to a pug mill for preparing it for the manufacture of plastic forms in any
known or approved manner. The pug mill is by preference placed below the
mortar mill.
In and by the employment of the combined process and machinery aforesaid we
obtain the following results and advantages:
1st. The earth needs no sorting or selecting, and by laying upon the land the
proper proportion of firing and chalk we dig the whole down together, load it
into trucks, and tip it direct into the mill, thereby doing away with the ordinary
process of washing both earth and chalk.
2nd. The firing need not be sifted or selected, the refuse from factory fires being
mostly sufficient; also saving more than half the cost of soiling the earth in the
old way.

page_text: 3rd. There being no washing, no picking out stones, or selecting ground where
the best earth is, we get 20 per cent. more bricks from the same amount of earth
dug, using everything we come in contact with.
4th. That by grinding the stones with the earth we get a more solid and a
sounder brick, and one which resists the weather better than a washed brick.
5th. That by grinding the firing with the earth we ensure a more uniform
mixture of the two, which causes them to burn more regularly, and prevents to
a very great extent running or clinkering; it also ensures 20 per cent. more stock
bricks, and the like amount less place.
6th. That we require no washing plant, no backs to run the earth into, thereby
saving a great outlay and room, also the whole of the machinery being in a very
small compass.
7th. That very little water being required the bricks dry much quicker, thereby
saving room.
8th. That we are not dependent upon the washed earth lasting out; if the season
be good we can keep on making as long as the weather will dry, and if the weather
be favourable we can start making at any time; that should frosty nights come
it does not affect the green bricks so much owing to the small amount of water
used.
9th. That the first outlay for plant is only about half of what it is under the old
system of washing, and the cost of making the bricks is less by 25 per cent. than
beretofore.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Edward Jowitt Shackleton and George James Kemp in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 21st January 1881.
EDWARD JOWITT SHACKLETON and GEORGE JAMES KEMP, both of Dartford, in
the County of Kent, Brick Manufacturers. "A NEW OR IMPROVED MODE OF AND
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS, TILES, AND OTHER
PLASTIC FORMS."
According to our Invention we take clay, earth, or other materials suitable for
the manufacture of plastic materials, and without separating same from any hard
or solid substances, such as stones, and more especially flints, we place or convey
the same in a convenient way into a mortar mill provided with heavy edge runners,
which as they revolve crush the earth and clay, and other substances, together
with stones and other substances contained therein; the materials so crushed then
pass by preference through gratings to a pug mill for preparing it for the manu-
facture of plastic forms in any known or approved manner. The pug mill is by
preference placed below the mortar mill. In and by the employment of the
combined process and machinery aforesaid we obtain the following results and
advantages:
1st. The earth needs no sorting or selecting, and by laying upon the land the
proper proportion of firing and chalk we dig the whole down together, load it into
trucks, and tip it direct into the mill, thereby doing away with the ordinary process
of washing both earth and chalk.
2nd. The firing need not be sifted or selected, the refuse from factory fires being
mostly sufficient; also saving more than half the cost of soiling the earth in the
old way.
And by crushing the flints they do not blow the bricks in the process
of burning, as is the case when they get in whole, but the flints fuse and amalgamate
with the other substances, and form a brick which is impervious to wet.
3rd. There being no washing, no picking out stones or selecting ground whero
the best earth is, we get twenty per cent. more bricks from the same amount of
earth dug, using everything we come in contact with.
4th. That by grinding the stones and flints with the earth we get a more
solid and a sounder brick, and one which resists the weather better than a washed
brick.
5th. That by grinding the firing with the earth we ensure a more uniform
mixture of the two, which causes them to burn more regularly, and prevents to a
very great extent running or clinkering, and the firing being more finely and
equally distributed it leaves the bricks free from holes after burning; it also
ensures twenty per cent. more stock bricks, and the like amount less place.
6th. That we require no washing plant, no backs to run the earth into, thereby
saving a great outlay and room, and also avoid all winter work of preparing earth,
also the whole of the machinery being in a very small compass.
7th. That very little water being required the bricks dry much quicker, thereby
saving room and time.
8th. That we are not dependent upon the washed earth lasting out; if the
season be good we can keep on making as long as the weather will dry, and if
the weather be favorable we can start making at any time; that should frosty
nights come it does not affect the green bricks owing to the small amount of water
used.
9th. That the first outlay for plant is only about half of what it is under the
old system of washing, and the cost of making the bricks is less by twenty-five
per cent. than heretofore.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed or carried out in
practice, we hereby declare that we claim the said Invention, substantially as
herein before set forth and described.
In witness whereof, we, the said Edward Jowitt Shackleton and George
James Kemp, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twentieth
day of January, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and eighty one.
E. J. SHACKLETON. (L.S.)
GEO. J. KEMP.
(L.S.)