IMPROVE- PANTING BY DRAWING MATERIATE AND ADDARATUS FOR THE USE OF ARTISTS." PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Duffield IIarding, of Barnes, in the County of
Surrey, Artist, and William Henry Winsor, of Rathbone Place, in the
County of Middlesex, Artists' Colorman, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
PANTING BY DRAWING MATERIATE AND ADDARATUS FOR THE USE OF ARTISTS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Duffield Harding
and William Henry Winsor at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 11th June 1861.
We, JAMES DUFFIELD HARDING, of Barnes, in the County of Surrey, Artist,
and WILLIAM HENRY WINSOR, of Rathbone Place, in the County of Middlesex,
Artists' Colorman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN DRAWING MATERIALS, AND APPARATUS FOR THE USE OF ARTISTS,"
to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to certain improvements in materials and apparatus
to be used by artists and others for making drawings in black lead, black and
white chalk, or like materials.
These improvements consist, first, in making up the black lead, or black
and white chalk, or other materials into the forms commonly known in the
trade as" tablets," instead of moulding them round or square, as heretofore.
These tablets we propose to use in clip holders suitably constructed to receive
them, and hold them firmly, and the advantages which they are designed to

page_text: afford are varieties of lines, whether broad or narrow, as well as broad masses
of shade, which, by their use, may be readily, rapidly, and effectively pro-
duced. The tablets will, therefore, be more universally adapted to the
requirements of the artist than the ordinary lead and other pencils. The
spring clip or holder for these tablets we form of a metal tube split at one, or
it may be both ends, and to ensure the clips holding fast this new form of
marking material, we somewhat flatten them, that they may bear well upon
the sides of the tablets; the moveable slide which closes the holder is provided
with projecting shoulders, which will support the tablet edgewise when so
required. For sharpening the black lead or chalk tablets, and giving to them
any variety of point or edge adapted to the particular object to be drawn, we
fix in a box a file or roughened surface in an inclined position, and on the
inside of the lid of the box we fix a pad, by drawing the end of the tablet over,
which, when it has been sharpened by the file, the superfluous dust remaining
on the tablet will be removed. This pad serves also for charging stumps with
lead or chalk, as the case may be.
As an improvement in stumps, we make an elastic foot of horn or other
suitable material, and cover the under side thereof with soft leather, and this
foot we secure by wire thread, or otherwise to a wooden or other handle of
suitable shape.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filel
by the said James Duffield Harding and William Henry Winsor in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 11th December 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JAMES
Duffield HARDING, of Barnes, in the County of Surrey, Artist, and WILLIAM
HENRY WINSOR, of Rathbone Place, in the County of Middlesex, Artists'
Colorman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eleventh day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, in the twenty-fourth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said James Duffield Harding and William Henry Winsor, Her special
license that we, the said James Duffield Harding and William Henry
Winsor, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we,
the said James Duffield Harding and William Henry Winsor, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,

page_text: from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DRAWING MATERIALS,
AND APPARATUS FOR THE USE OF ARTISTS," upon the condition (amongst others)
that we, the said James Duffield Harding and William Henry Winsor, by an
instrument in writing under our hands and seals, or under the hand and scal
of one of us, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Henry Winsor (on behalf of
myself and of the said James Duffield Harding), do hereby declare the nature
of our said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement,
reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the letters and
figures marked thereon (that is to say) :-
Our Invention relates to certain improvements in materials and apparatus
to be used by artists and others for making drawings in black lead, black and
white chalk, or like materials.
These improvements consist, first, in making up the black lead, or black
and white chalk, or other materials, into the forms commonly known in the
trade as "tablets," instead of moulding them in a round or square form, as
heretofore, or securing them in cedar by means of glue. These tablets are to
be used in clip holders suitably constructed to receive them and hold them
firmly. By means of our improved tablets the dry ineffective drawing usually
produced by the ordinary black lead pencil is exchanged for something more
akin to painting in black lead, and artistic effects can be obtained which are
not within the compass of the ordinary black lead pencil, as lines and shades
of any degree of depth and breadth, adapted to every necessity which the
nature of the subject may require, can be readily and rapidly produced. Unlike
the ordinary lead pencil, the tablets are not cut to a point, but are ground on
a file to an edge of different forms varying with the wants of the artist.
According also to the position in which the edges of our improved tablets are
presented to the paper, so may fine or broad lines be drawn, either by the
sharp edge or points, or flat side of the tablets. The smaller and broader
masses of shade will vary with the width of the edge of the tablet obtained
by filing the tablet. The tablets will, therefore, be more universally adapted
to the requirements of the artist than the ordinary lead and other pencils.

page_text: The spring clip or holder for the tablets is shewn in the accompanying
Drawing at Figures 1, 2, and 3, and is formed of a metal tube split at one, or
it may be both ends, and to ensure the clips holding fast our. new form of
tablets or marking material, we somewhat flatten the clip holders, so that they
may bear well upon the sides of the tablets.
The tubular body of the tablet holder is seen at a, a, having the end split
or divided, as seen at b, b, so as to receive the flat tablets c, as shewn in the
Drawing. These tablets are secured between the clips by a moveable slide d,
which closes the spring sides d, d, of the holder. This moveable slide is pro-
vided with shoulders d', which project forward, and serve to support the
tablet c edgewise, and prevent it from moving laterally.
Figures 1 and 2 are side views of our improved spring clip tablet holder,
having secured therein tablets with their working ends filed to different forms,
and Fig. 3 is a plan view of the holder. The tablets c may be made either of
black lead, composition, or of chalk of any desired color or tint, and in order
to sharpen these black lead or chalk tablets, and give to their working ends
any variety-of-form adapted to the particular object to be drawn, or artistic
effect to be produced, we fix in a box f, shewn in sectional elevation at Fig. 4,-
and in plan view at Fig. 5, a file or roughened surface, which we place in an
inclined position. On the inside of the lid of the box f is fixed a pad g, by
drawing the end of the tablet over which when it has been sharpened by the
file, the superfluous dust remaining on the tablet will be removed. This pad
serves also for charging stumps with the pulverized lead or chalk, as the case
may be, that has been filed off the tablets in the sharpening operation.
Our improved stump is shewn in elevation and plan at Figs. 6. It consists
of an elastic foot h, of horn, whalebone, vulcanite, or other suitable. elastic
material, and the under side thereof is covered with soft leather i. This foot
is secured by wire thread, or otherwise, as shewn at j, to a wooden or other
handle of a slightly curved or other suitable shape. With this instrument
broader and more delicate shades are obtainable than by means of the tablets
themselves, and effects eminently adapted to delineate the distant features of a
landscape, such as hills, mountains, and distant trees, and more especially the
changeful forms of clouds under every fleeting variety can be produced.
Another advantage of our improved stump is, that it has no ridge or unequal
projection as in the ordinary stump.
Having now described our Invention of "Improvements in Drawing
Materials and Apparatus for the Use of Artists," and having explained the
mauner of carrying the same into effect, we claim as the Invention secured to
us by Letters Patent, as aforesaid,―

page_text: First, making up blacklead, or black, white, or colored chalks, or other
drawing compositions in the form of tablets, and the means herein set forth
for preparing the working ends of these tablets for use.
Second, we claim the spring clip holder above described for holding the
black lead or other tablets.
Third, we claim the improved form of stump herein set forth, or any mere
modification thereof, whereby the novel effects producable thereby may be
obtained.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Henry Winsor, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Eleventh day of December, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
Witness,
H. E. NEWTON,
66, Chancery Lane.
W. HY. WINSOR. (L.S.)