IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRITISH GUM AND OTHER ÅRTIRICIAL. Gums
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Booth, of Gorton Corn Mills and Gum
Works, Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
BRITISH GUM AND OTHER ÅRTIRICIAL. Gums
"
Sealed the 9th April 1872, and dated the 7th December 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Booth at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th December 1871.
I, ROBERT BOOTH, of Gorton Corn Mills and Gum Works, Man-
chester, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF BRITISH GUM AND OTHER ARTIFICIAL GUMS," to be as
follows:-
My Invention relates to the apparatus employed in the preparation
by the process of torrefaction of artificial gums, such as for example
British gum, dextrin or gum substitute, from starch fecula or other

page_text: farina. In the said apparatus the farina is placed in rotating cylinders
which are outwardly exposed to the heat of an oven, and the torre-
faction of the said farina is effected during its passage through the said
cylinders.
Previously to my said Invention the said farina has been introduced i
at intervals into each of the said cylinders by hand, and there has for
a time been an accumulation of farina at one end of the cylinder, which
has had a tendency to interfere with the regularity of the process.
The object of the first part of my Invention is to effect the regular
feeding of the cylinder by self-acting means. For this purpose I form
the feed opening in the gudgeon of each cylinder of a conical or
"trumpet" shape, the diameter of the said opening increasing towards
the interior of the cylinder. The farina is placed in a hopper, or in two
or more hoppers, whence it is conveyed by means of worms to shoots
which communicate with the outer ends of the feed openings of the
cylinders. The afore-mentioned form of the said openings causes the
said farina to flow into the cylinders, and the feeding is thus effected
with great regularity.
A second part of my Invention has for its object to enable me to
regulate the heat of the oven more effectually by furnishing means for
readily effecting a reduction in the temperature of the said oven
whenever it may have become overheated. For this purpose I at such
times withdraw a portion of the heated air from within the said oven
by means of the inductive action of a jet of steam, which is dis-
charged into a pipe, opening, or passage communicating with the said
oven.
A fan or other equivalent may be employed in lieu of the jet of
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Robert Booth in the Great Seal Patent Office on 30
the 7th June 1872.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ROBERT
Booтп, of Gorton Corn Mills and Gum Works, Manchester, in the
County of Lancaster, send greeting.

page_text: '
!
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters: Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of December, in' the
year of our Lord One, thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the
thirty-fifth year of Her reign, did; for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Robert Booth, Her special
license that I, the said Robert Booth, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Robert Booth, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL Gums,” upon the
condition, amongst others, that I, the said Robert Booth, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or
one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
"
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Robert Booth, do hereby declare the.
nature, of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement and accompanying Drawings, that is to say :-
1,
My Invention:relates to the apparatus employed in the preparation
by the process of torrefaction of artificial gums, such as for example
British gum, dextrin or gum 'substitute, from starch fecula or other
farina. In the said apparatus the farina is placed in rotating cylinders,
which are outwardly exposed to the heat of an oven, and the torre-
faction of the said farina is effected during its passage through the
said cylinders.
I JA *1.
: ד'
4.
.
Previously to my said Invention the said farina has been introduced
at intervals into each of the said cylinders by hand, and there has for a
time been an accumulation of farina at one end of the cylinder, which
has had a tendency to interfere with the regularity of the process.
The object of the first part of my Invention is to effect the regular'
feeding of the cylinders by "self-acting" means.
For this purpose I

page_text: form the feed opening in the "gudgeon" of each cylinder of a conical
or "trumpet shape," the diameter of the said opening increasing
towards the interior of the cylinder. The farina is placed in or fed
into a hopper, or in or into two or more hoppers, from whence it is
conveyed by means of worms (herein-after styled snails to prevent
confusion of terms) into the outer ends of the feed openings of the
cylinders. The afore-mentioned form of the said openings causes the
said farina to flow into the cylinders, and the feeding is thus effected
with great regularity.
A second part of my Invention has for its object to enable me to 1
regulate the heat of the oven more effectually by furnishing means for
readily effecting a reduction in the temperature of the said oven
whenever it may have become overheated. For this purpose I at
such times withdraw a portion of the heated air from within the said
oven by means of the inductive action of a jet of steam.
A fan or other equivalent may be employed in lieu of the jet of
steam, but I prefer to make use of the said jet.
And in order that my said Invention may be fully understood, I will
in this place refer to the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, which are
illustrative of the said Invention and are marked with letters of:
reference, similar letters indicating corresponding parts in the various
Figures.
Fig. 1 represents a vertical longitudinal section of a cylinder
mounted in a stove and provided with my improved arrangements for
feeding. Fig. 2 is an elevation partly in section of a part of one end of
a stove, and shows the feeding apparatus. The said Figs. are drawn
to a scale of about one and a quarter inches to a foot.
In Fig. 1a is a cylinder, which is fitted to revolve within the stove b,
as is usual. The said stove is formed or provided with cast-iron bearers
or frames 6¹ to which the pedestals and brackets herein-after mentioned
are fixed. To one end of the said cylinder is fixed a cast-iron neck or
gudgeon c, which is suitably formed to revolve in a bearing fixed to the
side of the stove. The passage through the said neck is formed of a
conical shape, as has been herein-before mentioned. A number of such
cylinders are or may be mounted in each stove, as is usual, and as
indicated by the circles a, a, in Fig. 3. A trough d represented in both
1

page_text: of the said Figs. is attached to the framework of the stove and
extends over a number of hoppers e, e, there being one such hopper to
cach cylinder. A shoot f, shewn in Fig. 2, conveys the farina from a
receptacle into which it is or may be lifted by means of a "Jacob's
ladder" into the said trough, and a revolving "snail" 9 moves the said
farina along the said trough and the said farina falls through shoots h, h,
formed in or fixed to the lower side of the said trough into the
hoppers e, e. The said shoots are fitted with slides 2, by means of
which the supply of farina to each hopper may be regulated, and by
means of which the supply to any one of the hoppers may be stopped
whenever required. Each hopper is provided with a snail i, to which a
revolving motion is imparted, and the said snail feeds the farina con-
tinuously into the conical passage in the neck of the cylinder during
the rotation of the said cylinder, and the said rotation causes the said
farina to slide down into the said cylinder. The revolving motions of
the said cylinders and snails are derived from the shaft ; in the following
manner: The said shaft is connected by the spur wheels k with the
shaft 7, which is fitted to revolve in suitable bracket pedestals, which
are bolted to the frame b¹ and is provided with worms, which gear with
worm wheels m fixed on the necks of the cylinders a. The shaft j is
also connected by the spur wheels n with the shaft o, which is fitted to
revolve in bracket pedestals p attached to the hoppers e, and is provided
with worms which gear with worm wheels a fixed on the axles of the
snails i, i. A pulley * fixed on the shaft ; gives motion by means of
a driving strap to a pulleys fixed on the axle of the snail g. It will
thus be seen that when the shaft j is caused to revolve the cylinders a, a,
as well as the snails 9 and i, i, will rotate, and the farina will be fed
into the hoppers e, e, and from the said hoppers into the said cylinders.
it
may
The method of actuating the said snails may be varied, as for example
be considered to be of advantage to so arrange the parts which
give motion to the said snails as that the speed of revolution of the said
snails, or of one of them, or of one set of them, may be altered without
altering the speed of the cylinders.
It may also be found to be of advantage to adopt means for returning

page_text: The second part of my Invention is illustrated by Fig. 3 and also in
Fig. 1. Fig. 3 represents an elevation of a portion of the opposite end
of the stove to that shown in Fig. 2.
The part of the said stove in which the cylinders are mounted is
divided into a number of compartments by means of vertical partitions
t, t, each compartment being of a size suitable to contain two cylinders.
Each compartment is connected by means of a pipe u, which is fitted
with a valve v, with a horizontal pipe w, which is in communication
with a flue or chimney or with the "outer air." A pipe x provided
with a suitable regulating cock or valve conveys steam to a nozzle
situated (in the example illustrated) at the bend of the pipe w, so that
a jet of steam may at any time be injected into the said pipe. The
action of the said jet tends to create a current of air within the pipe to,
so that when the valve belonging to any one of the said compartments
is opened air will flow from the said compartment into the said pipe,
and will be conveyed by the said pipe into the said flue, chimney, or
outer air. It will thus be seen that the overheating of the cylinders
in any one of the compartments may be quickly arrested by the
employment of the means described.
Although I prefer to divide the oven into compartments as described
this is not an absolutely essential feature of my Invention.
Having now fully described and illustrated the nature of my said
Invention, and the method I have adopted when carrying the same into
practical effect, I would have it to be understood that I claim as secured
to me by the hercin-before mentioned Letters Patent,-
First. The employment of the gudgeon or cylinder end or neck in
which is formed a conical or trumpet shaped passage, substantially
as and for the purpose herein-before set forth and indicated.
Secondly. The employment of "snails" for the purpose herein-before
set forth.
Thirdly. The combination and arrangement of parts for effecting the
feeding of the farina into the rotating cylinders, substantially as
described and indicated hercin-before, and by the accompanying
Drawings.

page_text: And, lastly. The means for lowering the temperature of the oven or
of any section of the oven substantially as and for the purpose herein-
before set forth and indicated.
In witness whereof, I, the said Robert Booth, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Sixth day of June, in the year of our
Lord One thousand cight hundred and seventy-two.
Signed and sealed by the said Robert
Booth, in the presence of
EDWARD K. DUTTON,
Agent for the Patentee,
3, Smithy Door,
Manchester.
ROBERT BOOTH. (L.S.)