IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CUTTING TOOLS AND IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TOOL.HOLDERS
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Paterson Smith, Civil Engineer, Glasgow,
County of Lanark, Scotland, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF CUTTING TOOLS AND IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TOOL.
HOLDERS."
Sealed the 22nd May 1868, and dated the 26th November 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Paterson Smith
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, ou
the 26th November 1867.
I, JOHN PATERSON SMITH, Civil Engineer, Glasgow, County of Lanark,
Scotland, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CUTTING TOOLS, AND IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TOOL
HOLDERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates,-
First. To the making or manufacturing of tools suitable for turning lathes,
boring and planing machines, and for cutting purposes generally, of steel, of
alloys of iron or steel and tin, and of alloys of iron or steel and copper, and
consists in casting the said tools in the form in which they are required of
steel or of the said alloys in chill moulds.
Second. To the construction of a cutting tool holder for use in turning,
boring, planing, and other machines; this consists of a sheath formed in its
length in two parts whereinto the tool fits closely. The transverse section of
the opening in the said sheath is preferably the same as that of the cutting

page_text: tool which may be rectangular, circular, or otherwise; an angular form answers
best.
Third. To further improvements in the construction of tool holders for
use in turning, boring, planing, and other machines; these consist in the
employment (a) of an excentric or cam supported in, on, or by the holder to
receive the trust of the tool when in use, and prevent it from moving away
from its working face (6), of a wedge to fix the tool firmly in working
position, and (c) of a combination of the said excentric or cam and wedge.
It will be obvious that the tool holders, above described, are suitable for
holding tools otherwise formed than according to the first part of my
Invention.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Paterson Smith in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 25th May 1868.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
PATERSON SMITH, Civil Engineer, Glasgow, County of Lanark, Scotland, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-sixth day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirty-first year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said John Paterson Smith, Her special licence that I, the said John
Paterson Smith, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said John Paterson Smith, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CUTTING TOOLS AND IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
TOOL HOLDERS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said John
Paterson Smith, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
I was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Paterson Smith, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, reference being had to the accompanying Sheet
of Drawings, and to the figures and letters thereon, that is to say :-
This Invention relates,-
First. To the making or manufacturing of tools suitable for turning lathes,
boring and planing machines, and for cutting purposes generally of steel, of
alloys of iron or steel, or of iron and steel with tin or with copper, or with
both tin and copper, and consists in casting the said tools in the form in which
they are required of steel or of the said alloys in chill moulds.
Second. To the construction of a cutting tool holder for use in turning,
boring, planing, and other machines; this consists of a sheath formed in its
length in two parts whereinto the tool fits closely. The transverse section of
the opening in the said sheath is preferably the same as that of the cutting
tool, which may be rectangular, circular, or otherwise; an angular form answers
best.
Third. To further improvements in the construction of tool holders for
use in turning, boring, planing, and other machines; these consist in the
employment (a) of an excentric or cam supported in, on, or by the holder to
receive the thrust of the tool when in use and prevent it from moving away from
its working face (6) of a wedge to fix the tool firmly in working position,
and (c) of a combination of the said excentric or cam and wedge.
It will be obvious that the tool holders, above described, are suitable for
holding tools otherwise formed than according to the first part of my
Invention.
In carrying the first part of my Invention into effect I pour the said steel
or alloys of iron or steel, or of iron and steel with tin or with copper, or with
both tin and copper (the said steel or the said alloys being in a melted state)
into chill moulds of the required form wherein the metal is speedily con-
solidated and becomes excessively hard, forming tools which require neither
to be hardened nor tempered, but require only to be ground after leaving the
I would have it distinctly
chill moulds in order to make them ready for use.
understood, however, that this part of my Invention extends to the manufac-
turing of all kinds of engineers' and machineists' cutting tools by casting in chill
moulds molten steel or molten alloys as aforesaid, such steel or such alloys
having the property or characteristic when thus cast of being sufficiently bard
and tenacious for cutting tools without undergoing any process of hardening or
tempering, the chill moulds in which the said tools are cast being shaped in

page_text: such a manner as to produce tools of the required form. In the term "steel"
I include all such compounds and alloys of iron as have a "steely" nature or
the properties of steel, such as áron. with chromium, titanium, manganese,
and other metals.
A cutting tool holder, constructed according to the second part of my
Invention, is represented on the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, by Fig. 1
a side elevation, and Fig. 2 a transverse section. A is the sheath here shewn
made with a groove or hollow space of the same section as the cutting tool B.
C, the top part or cover of the sheath; both the body and top part can be
rolled into shape in lengths of iron or steel, or cast into shape of gun metal.
Fig. 3 is a transverse section shewing another form; these sheath tool holders
and the tools to be held in them can be made of other and various sectional
forms;.
the angular forms shewn are the most convenient. Holders of this
description have been specially devised by me to allow of the use of brittle
and hard steel and steel smaller in cross section than is now used.
The construction of cutting tool holders, according to the third part of my
Invention, is illustrated by the other Figures on the Sheet of Drawings, all
such Figures representing views in side elevation. In Fig. 4 the cutting
tool d is held in position in the holder e by the excentric or cam f (shewn in
dotted lines) which turns or moves in the centre g; h is a square projection
for fixing in position against d. Fig. 5 shews the cutting tool i held and
adjusted in position in the holder j by the moveable wedge k. Fig. 6 shews
the cutting tool held and adjusted in position in the holder m by the two
wedges n, n; these wedges taper from reverse ends, one of the ends of n¹ is
formed with a screw thereon; this passes through an opening in a flange pro-
jecting from n. A nut o moving on the screw is employed to cause the
wedges to slide over each other and so augment or diminish the distance they
occupy between the holder and the tool. Fig. 7 shews the tool o held and
adjustable in the holder p by the cam 9 and wedge r.
Although I prefer that the cutting tools used in these holders should be
manufactured according to the above first part of my Invention I would here
state that tools forged and tempered in the manner hitherto universally
practised can be employed in them with considerable advantage.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and particularized
the same so that ironfounders, engineers, machinists, and others will be
enabled to avail themselves at the proper time of the advantages of my im-
provements, I would have it understood that what I claim is,―
I. Manufacturing cutting tools by casting them of the form required in
chill moulds, the said tools being cast from molten steel, or from molten

page_text: alloys of steel or iron, or of steel and iron with tin or with copper, or with
both tin and copper, or with other metals as aforesaid, substantially as set
forth under the above first part of my Invention.
II. The sheath cutting tool holder constructed substantially as shewn on
the Drawings by Figs. 1, 2, and 3, and described under the above second part
of my Invention for the purpose set forth.
III. The several constructions of cutting tool holders shewn by Figs. 4,
5, 6, and 7, on the Drawings in which a cam or wedge, or two wedges, or
both a cam and wedge is or are employed to secure and adjust the cutting
tools, substantially as set forth under the above third head of my Invention.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Paterson Smith, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-first day of May, in the year of our
Lord, One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight.
In the presence of
JOHN T. KING,
Patent Agent,
Liverpool.
JOHN PATERSON SMITH. (LS.)