IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF ICE, AND FOR OTHER REFRIGERATING OR COOLING PURPOSES, WHICH INVENTION COMPRISES A PROCESS TO BE USED IN THE SAME AND SIMILAR APPARATUS
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Robert Lake, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lako,
& Co., Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, for an Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF ICE, AND FOR
OTHER REFRIGERATING OR COOLING PURPOSES, WHICH INVENTION COMPRISES
A PROCESS TO BE USED IN THE SAME AND SIMILAR APPARATUS." A com-
munication from abroad by John C. De La Vergne and William M. Mixer,
both of the City and State of New York, United States of America.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th October 1880.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent
Agents, Southampton Buildings, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
THE MANUFACTURE OF ICE AND FOR OTHER REFRIGERATING OR COOLING PURPOSES,
WHICH INVENTION COMPRISES A PROCESS TO BE USED IN THE SAME AND SIMILAR
APPARATUS." A communication from abroad by John C. De La Vergne and
William M. Mixer, both of the City and State of New York, United States of
America.
This Invention relates to that class of refrigorating or ice-making machinery
wherein a volatile gas, preferably that of ammonia, is introduced into a compression
or vacuum pump, and is compressed to a state of liquefaction, and the pressure
being subsequently removed the liquefied refrigerating agent expands with rapidity
through tubes, or tanks, or other chambers, and the frigorific effect produced by the
volatile liquid again assuming its gaseous state is utilized for the absorption of
heat.
.
In the practice of this system liquids have been employed to seal the valves and
joints, and to lubricate the internal operating mechanism of the compression-pump,
but a serious obstacle to the successful and economical working of the apparatus has
been found to exist in the method of discharging the sealing and lubricating liquid
upon its passage through the pump; or in exposing said liquid to the atmosphere
after its discharge from the pump, and before its re-introduction therein, permitting
more or less of the refrigerating agent absorbed by the sealing and lubricating
D011

page_text: liquid while under pressure to escape, thus constantly diminishing and wasting the
supply of said agent at each revolution of the crank-shaft.
To remedy this defect a repeated introduction and discharge of the same scaling
and lubricating liquid, without exposure to the atmosphere, to and from the
compression or vacuum pump, through closed connecting pipes, has been adopted.
In practice it is found that all of the sealing and lubricating liquid is not
immediately returned to the liquid reservoir, but a considerable quantity of it
passes off from the compression pump in the form of vapor, froth, or liquid, and is
carried by the pressure of the compressed refrigerating agent, and the force exerted
by the pump, into the pressure pipes, and thence to the condensing coil and
expanding chambers; the result is that the sealing and lubricating liquid is soon
exhausted from the liquid-reservoirs, consequently the internal operating mechanism
of the pump is not properly sealed and lubricated, and for this reason the pump
becomes heated, and great friction is produced; the refrigerating agent is forced
past the piston and piston-rod, causing a rapid loss of power; the sealing and
lubricating liquid exhausted from the liquid reservoirs is driven into the pipes of
the condensing chamber, occupying space to the exclusion of an equal volume of
the refrigerating agent, and from there into the expansion-chamber, where the
space for the expansion of the liquefied agent is just so much diminished, and the
capacity of said chamber for the absorption of heat is reduced to that extent;
moreover, the sealing and lubricating liquid is then forced from the expansion-
chambers by the continuous flow and expansion of the compressed refrigerant, and
is drawn by the compression or vacuum pump into its cylinders, greatly diminishing
the capacity and power of the pump.
•
The object of this Invention is to remedy the above described objections, and in
addition thereto to effect the discharge of a full complement of gas from the pump-
cylinder at each revolution of the crank-shaft; to effectually seal the piston-rod
with liquid, thereby preventing the introduction of air into the cylinder of the
pump and thence into the pipes; to introduce the scaling and lubricating liquid
from a liquid reservoir or cooling chamber, where it is held under pressure, to the
compression or vacuum pump under a reduced pressure or entirely free from
pressure; to cool the sealing and lubricating liquid before its introduction to the
compression or vacuum pump; and to obtain a inore steady and uniform action and
pressure of the engine and pumps than has heretofore existed; also to effectually
seal the joints or pipe-connections so that refrigerating gas or ammonia cannot
escape under any degree of compression.
The said Invention comprises the process consisting of combining a sealing and
lubricating liquid with a refrigerating agent, such as ammoniacal gas, in its passage
through the compression or vacuum pump, and then separating them before the
admission of the refrigerating agent to the expansion pipes or chamber, or before it
is again returned to the pump.
The said Invention also comprises a compression or vacuum pump, a condensing
coil or chamber, an expansion coil or chamber, a reservoir for receiving a scaling
and lubricating liquid, with means for introducing it into the compression or vacuum
pump, and their intermediate connecting pipes, in combination with a separating
chamber or tank interposed between the compression or vacuum pump and the
condensing chamber for the purpose of separating the sealing and lubricating liquid,
or a part thereof, from the refrigerating agent before said agent enters the condensing
coil or chamber, and for returning the same to the liquid reservoir.
The said Invention further comprises a compression or vacuum pump, a condensing
coil or chamber, an expansion chamber, one or more liquid reservoirs from which
the sealing and lubricating liquid is supplied by a punip or other means to the
compression or vacuum pump, and their intermediate connecting pipes, in com-
bination with a separating chamber or tank interposed between the condensing
chamber and the expansion-chamber for the purpose of separating the sealing and
lubricating liquid from the refrigerating agent before said agent enters the
expansion coil or chamber, and for returning said liquid to the liquid reservoir.

page_text: The said Invention further comprises a compression or vacuum pump, a condensing
chamber, an expansion chamber, one or more liquid-reservoirs from which a sealing
and lubricating liquid is supplied by suitable means to the compression or vacuum
pump, and their intermediate connecting pipes, in combination with a separating
chamber or receiver placed on the suction or expansion side of the apparatus,
between the expansion-chamber and the compression or vacuum pump, for the
purpose of separating the sealing and lubricating liquid, or a part thereof, from the
refrigerating agent after its passage through the expansion chamber, but before its
re-introduction to the compression or vacuum pump, and for returning the said
liquid to the liquid-reservoir.
The said Invention also comprises a compression or vacuum pump, a condensing
chamber, an expansion-chamber, a liquid reservoir for receiving the sealing and
lubricating liquid, placed upon the pressure side of the apparatus, and their inter-
mediate connecting pipes, in combination with a liquid-reservoir or supply tank,
which receives the sealing and lubricating liquid on the expansion or suction side
of the apparatus, and from which the said liquid is introduced to the compression-
pump by an auxiliary pump or other suitable means, at a reduced pressure or free
from pressure, and which tank is also used as a separator for the purpose of
separating the sealing and lubricating liquid from the refrigerating agent before it
is reintroduced into the compression or vacuum pump.
The said Invention also comprises a liquid-reservoir which receives the sealing
and lubricating liquid under pressure, a liquid-reservoir for receiving the scaling
and lubricating liquid under a reduced pressure or free from pressure, having a
connecting pipe and a cock by which the said liquid may be wire-drawn from the
reservoir under pressure to the reservoir with a lesser pressure, in combination
with a compression or vacuum pump, an auxiliary pump for introducing the sealing
and lubricating liquid into the compression-pump, a condensing chamber, an
expansion-chamber, and their intermediate connecting pipes, by which the sealing
and lubricating liquid is introduced into the compression or vacuuin pumps to
lubricate and seal the operating mechanism therein, and passing. from the
compression or vacuum pump, in combination with the refrigerating agent may be
separated therefrom before they are again returned to the said pump.
The said Invention also comprises the combination of the cooling coil and tank
or its equivalent, with the reservoirs for receiving the sealing and lubricating
liquid, the compression or vacuum pump, and their intermediate connecting pipes,
by which the sealing and lubricating liquid which is heated during the compression
of the refrigerant is cooled.
The said Invention further comprises the combination of a compression or
vacuum pump, a liquid-reservoir for receiving the sealing and lubricating liquid
under pressure, a liquid-reservoir for receiving the sealing and lubricating liquid
under a lesser pressure, one or more separating tanks or receivers on the pressure
side of the apparatus, between the compression or vacuum pump and the expansive
chamber, to separate the sealing. and lubricating liquid or a part thereof from the
refrigerating agent before said agent is admitted to the expansion chamber, one or
nore separating tanks or receivers on the expansion or suction side of the apparatus
to separate the sealing and lubricating liquid that may have passed through the
expansion chamber from the refrigerating agent before said agent is again
returned to the compression pump, an auxiliary pump or its equivalent for intro-
ducing the sealing and lubricating liquid to the compression or vacuum pump,
a condensing chamber, an expansion chamber, and their intermediate connecting
pipes.
The said Invention further comprises a vacuum or compression pump having a
piston-rod which is liquid-sealed both inside and outside of the pump cylinder to
prevent air from being drawn into the pump cylinder, or the refrigerating agent
from being drawn out of the pump cylinder by the piston-rod, a liquid-sealed
piston, with an air-chamber interposed between the piston and the lower part of

page_text: said pump cylinder, in combination with a condensing chamber, an expansion
chamber, and their intermediate connecting pipes.
The said Invention further comprises a compression or vacuum pump, wherein
the supply of sealing and lubricating liquid is introduced into the cylinder of said
pump when charged with its full complement of the refrigerating agent, in
combination with a condensing chamber, an expansion chamber, and their inter-
mediate connecting pipes, whereby the pump is readily made to discharge its full
complement of gas at each revolution of the crank-shaft.
The said Invention further comprises a crank-shaft having a crank at each
quarter section of its periphery, and having the connecting rods connecting with
the steam pistons attached to cranks of the said shaft which are at right angles
with each other, to effect a more uniform pressure and action of the pumps and
engine than would otherwise be effected.
The said Invention further comprises a pipe-coupling or socket in the form of a
sleeve, into which the ends of two pipes to be connected are screwed, and the ends
of the said sleeve are recessed to form chambers around the pipes, the said surfaces
being then tinned and said recesses filled with a soldering metal.
In the Drawings,
Figure 1 represents in elevation the engines, the compressing pumps, the reservoir
for holding the sealing and lubricating liquid under pressure, and the reservoir for
holding said liquid free from pressure or under a reduced pressure, as desired, with
the intermediate pipes which connect them with the various parts.
Figure 2 represents an end elevation of the apparatus with pumps, and also
shews the engine or driving power in elevation, and illustrates the relative position
of each of the steam connecting rods and pistons which drive the main shaft and
the compression or vacuum pumps; also the auxiliary pump for introducing the
scaling and lubricating liquid into the compression pumps.
Figure 3 is a view of the main shaft shewing the cranks at each quarter section
of its periphery.
Figure 4 is a view of the compression pump in section shewing the various
divisions of said pump, the valved piston and valved diaphragm, the sealing and
lubricating liquid, and the induction pipes for the admission of the refrigerating
agent and the lubricant.
Figures 5, 6, and 7 are views in elevation of the coil and tank for cooling the
sealing and lubricating liquid upon its return from the separating tanks or after its
discharge from the compression pump, but prior to its reintroduction therein; also
the application of the same to chill rooms.
A, A, A, A, Figure 1, represent the bed-plate of the engine and of the compression
pumps; B and B are the steam cylinders; C and Care the steam chests; a
represents the steam piston-rods; b and b' are the steam-cross-heads; d,d, d, d, are
guides for the steam-cross-heads; D is the main shaft having four cranks, which
are shewn operating at each quarter section of the shaft D; e and e¹ are the
connecting rods connecting the steam cross-heads with the shaft D by the crank
pins ff of the second and third cranks; F is a large balance or fly wheel; gand gl
are the steam chest or cut-off rods actuated by eccentrics; G is the induction
steam pipe; G¹ is the exhaust steam-pipe.
¤‚ É‚ ˜Ñ‚ Ð, Í, H, are upright frames which rest upon and are firmly secured
to the bed plate A, and which support the cross plates I, I, I, I, to which the air or
gas compression pumps J, J, J, J, are secured; "K, K, K, K, are chambers which
enclose that part of the compression pumps extending below the cross plates I, I,
and are fastened to the heads of the pumps by bolts to hold a liquid for sealing and
lubricating the piston-rods outside of the pump-cylinders; the liquid is introduced
therein through spouts K¹, shown at Figures 2 and 4, and the piston-rods as they
pass through the head of the pump are packed in the usual manner, having glands
or followers L around them to compress the packing, and with similar packing
chambers on the outside of the chambers K to prevent the escape of the sealing and
lubricating liquid therefrom.

page_text: M is an extension on the rear side of the pumps, having a passage way h for the
introduction of the sealing and lubricating liquid into the pump cylinders, and is
connected with the plunger pump m and supply tank N by the pipe 1, shewn at
Figure 2. On the rear side of the pumps J, J, J, J, above the cross-plates I, I, I,
are other flanged extensions Q, also shown in Figures 2 and 4, to which the suction
gas pipes 2, 2, 2, 2, are attached, having a check valve i opening inward; R is a
dome-shaped cap forming the upper chamber of the compression pump, having two
flanged outlets $ and T; the outlet T connects with the gas pressure pipes 3, 3, 3, 3,
the outlets S with the liquid discharge pipes 4, 4, 4, 4; u is a diaphragm-plate
having valves which afford communication between the two chainbers of the
pumps, and through which the compressed gas and the lubricating liquid pass; .
V represents the piston of the compression pump; W is the cross-head connected
with the compression pump pistons V and the compression pump connecting rods x;
,, connect with the cranks E, and shaft D by crank-pins f, f, which are common
to both the second and third pump and steam cylinder rods; Y, Y, Y, are guides
secured to the vertical frames H, upon which the cross-heads connected with the
piston rods of the compression pumps slide; Z, Z, are brackets secured to each of
the cross-heads of the compression pumps; they operate the plungers 1, 2, of the
pumps m which supply the sealing and lubricating liquid, a check-valve being
introduced in the pipe 1 to prevent the return of said liquid; n, m, n, are oil cups
for holding a body of oil surrounding the plungers which prevents air from being
drawn into the cylinder and pipes by means of the plunger. The dotted lines o
and p, Figure 2, represent the position of the third crank and the second steam
connecting rod and piston; the position of the second crank and the first steam
connecting rod is shewn at o¹ and e; the position of the first crank will be as at o³,
that of the fourth crunk as at o³; 7, 9, are cocks placed as a matter of convenience
in the gas pressure pipes 3, 3, 3, 3, so that the gas may be shut off and tho
compression pumps detached should occasion require it. The tanks o and n are the
depositories for the sealing and lubricating liquid which is circulated therefrom to
scal the valves in the chambers of the compression or vacuum pumps, to seal tho
pistons and piston-rods working therein, to lubricate the internal operating parts
of the pumps, and to cool said pumps by the absorption of a part of the heat
produced by the compression of the gas; the tanks are provided with liquid-
gauges r,, to indicate the height of their contents, and have suitable pipe
connections to permit the ingress and egress of the sealing and lubricating liquid,
and for the equalization of the gaseous pressure; also cocks or shut-off valves to
aid in controlling the action of the machine and to stop the flow of liquid or gas in
case of a necessity for repairs; & is a pressure-gauge connected with the tank O by
a small pipe to indicate the pressure within said tank and in the compression
chambers of the pumps and the condensing coils; 8¹ is a pressure and vacuum
gauge to indicate the pressure in the suction tank N, or the vacuum in said tank
and pipes should a vacuum be produced, and is connected with the tank N and
suction pipes 2 and 5 by a small pipe extending upward from the liquid-gauge r;
5 is a pipe which connects the supply tank N with the return or suction gas pipe 2,
and can be used to equalize the pressure in the tank and to return the expanded
gas thereto, in case it should be deemed desirable to use said tank as a separating
chamber on the expansion side of the apparatus, in which case the cock 32 would
be closed, the cock 33 opened, and the gas drawn into the cylinders of the
compression pumps through pipe 34; 6 is a pipe leading from the pressure oil-
tank O connecting at 7 with the liquid discharge pipe 4, 4, which conveys the
surplus sealing and lubricating liquid flowing from the chamber R' of the pump J
through the passage-way S back to the main body and connects with the pressure
gas pipe 3 at 8, for the purpose of receiving more of the sealing and lubricating
liquid which may be driven off from the compression pumps J, J, in the form of
foam, and carried by the force of the gas through the gas pressure pipe 3, 3, 3, and
which may condense on its passage to this point; 9 is a pipe connecting the tank O
to the tank t; it is also used as an equalizing pipe, and is intersected at 10 by the
.

page_text: pipe 11 which leads from the bottom of the separating tank 22 and discharges the
sealing and lubricating liquid therein into the liquid pressure tank O. A small pipe
attached to the pressure gauge a connects with an extension of the liquid gauge r
at 27, and with the pipe 9 a little below the intersection at 10. The pipe 12 leads
the sealing and lubricating liquid from the tank O to the cooling coil 13, which is
held in a box or receptacle v, through which a constant stream of cold water is
kept passing to absorb the heat which is imparted to the sealing and lubricating
liquid by the compression of the gas in the pumps J, J, and which, after being
cooled, returns through pipe 14 to the suction tank N, the flow and pressure being
regulated by the stop-cock 28 attached to pipe 14 from the tank N. The liquid for
sealing and lubricating is supplied to the compression-pumps by the plunger
pumps m, m, and the oil cups on the top of the plunger-pumps m prevent air
from being introduced into the apparatus, as above stated; 15 is the pipe for
returning any of the sealing and lubricating liquid which may have been collected
by the separating tankt back to the liquid reservoir 0; 16 is a pipe connecting
the separating tank t with the condensing chamber 17 which is placed within a
tank 18 and cooled by a constant current of cold water being passed over and
around it; 19 is a tank surrounding an auxiliary condensing chamber 20 in which
the expanding freezing agent is discharged from the expansion chambers to further
cool the liquefied freezing agent in the coil 20; this tank is also used as a
separating tank on the expansion or suction side of the apparatus to collect any
liquid that might possibly pass through the expansion-chambers and discharge it,
or return it to the liquid reservoir N through the pipe 26 for further use.
It is evident that the tank N may be used as a separating tank on the expansion
or suction side, and as a substitute in this respect for the tank 19, and thus prevent
any liquid from being returned with the expanded refrigerating agent to the pumps;
21 is an extension of the pipe forming the auxiliary condensing chamber or coil 20
which discharges the liquefied refrigerating agent, together with the sealing and
lubricating liquid not hitherto collected, into the main separating tank 22, which
connects at its bottom with pipe 11 to return the said sealing liquid to its
reservoir O; 29 is a liquid-gauge- with a passage leading from its centre to the
middle of tank 22, also having both its ends connected with said tank and open for
the circulation of liquid and gas, by which can be ascertained the approximate
height of the liquefied gas and the sealing and lubricating liquid in said tank; 23 is
a pipe leading from the top of the separating tank 22, which connects with the
expansion chamber 25, through which the liquefied refrigerating agent passes from
the tank 22, and is wire-drawn by the cock 24 into the chamber 25, where, by its
rapid expansion, it is utilized in said chambers for the absorption of heat; the
refrigerating agent is then returned through pipe 2 into the tank 19, where it may
be used to cool the liquefied agent in the condensing coil 20, or returned to the
suction liquid supply tank N or to the pump direct through the suction pipe 2 for
recharging said pump.
The operation of the apparatus is as follows:-
-
The apparatus being charged with a refrigerating agent, and the liquid reservoirs
for holding a sealing and lubricating liquid being also charged with such liquid,
steam is admitted through the steam supply pipe G, and the apparatus is put in
motion; upon the backward movement of the pistons of the compression pumps, the
auxiliary pumps m, m, m, inject a predetermined quantity of sealing and lubricating
liquid from the liquid supply tank N into each of the pump cylinders through the
pipe 1 shewn in Figures 1 and 2, and the passage-way h of the compression pump, as
shewn in Figure 4; the cylinders of the several compression pumps having been
previously charged with their full complement of the refrigerating agent, the
introduction of the sealing and lubricating liquid necessarily compresses the said
agent and aids in the discharge of a larger quantity thereof at each discharge of the
pumps; the piston upon completing its backward stroke is submerged in the
sealing and lubricating liquid and its valves and joints sealed; the charge of the
refrigerating agent, having during the backward movement of the piston passed to

page_text: its upper side in the chamber J, is now forced by the forward movement of said
pistons V through the valves j, j, of the diaphragm u, and with it a greater part of
the sealing and lubricating liquid, the face of the piston at the termination of the
forward stroke being very close to the bottom of the diaphragm u. It is evident
that.but little of the sealing and lubricating liquid is retained upon its surface, and
the only part of the chargo of the refrigerating agent not forced through the
diaphragm is that which may have been absorbed by the remnant of the sealing
and lubricating liquid while under pressure; the pump-cylinder is again charged
by the forward stroke of the piston; upon its return stroke the valves j, j, of the
diaphragm u close, and are scaled by the sealing and lubricating liquid previously
forced through. The refrigerating agent is driven out of the diaphragm chamber R,
through the passage-way T into the pressure pipes 3, 3, 3. Upon the working of
the pumps a body of the sealing and lubricating liquid collects in the liquid
diaphragm chamber till it is filled, when the surplus is supposed to overflow
through the passage-way S and the liquid discharge pipe 4 to the liquid pressuro
reservoir O to be used as before, but experience proves that the sealing and
lubricating liquid becomes heated by the compression of the refrigerating agent,
and a large body of it is driven off in the form of vapor, foam, and liquid through
the opening T into the gas pressure pipe 3; some of it may return through the
pipe 6 to the reservoir O, but most of it passes onward through pipes 3 into the
separating foam tank t, where, by gravity and pressure, a considerable body of it
is collected and returned through pipe 15 to the reservoir O. The tank t is
connected by pipe 9 with the reservoir O to equalize the pressure between the two
chambers; the refrigerating agent with the remaining sealing and lubricating
material then passes from the tank t through the pipe 16 to the condensing
chamber or coil 17, which is contained within the tank 18, and is there cooled by
the flowing of a constant stream of cold water into said tank. The refrigerating
agent and the sealing and lubricating material are, by the abstraction of the heat
due to compression and the latent heat, here compressed to a state of liquefaction,
which aids materially in the separation of the distinct compounds. From the
condensing chamber 17 they pass into the auxiliary condenser 20, placed within the
tank 19, and are there reduced in temperature by the introduction of the expanded
gas on its way back to the pump; from 20 the liquefied refrigerating agent and
the remuant of the sealing and lubricating liquid pass into the main separating
tank 22, where, by the difference in their specific gravity, the sealing and
lubricating liquid settles to the bottom of said tank, a body of which is held
therein by the bent pipe 11, through which the surplus of said liquid flows on its
return to the liquid-reservoir O; the refrigerant floating upon the surface of this
sealing and lubricating liquid is permitted to escape by the opening of cock 24 into
the expansion chamber 25, where the frigorific effect produced by its rapid
expansion may be utilized for the absorption of heat or the making of ice.
From the expansion chamber 25 the expanded refrigerant is discharged through
the stop cock 31 into the supply pipe 2 and thence to the tank 19, where, as before
stated, it is used to reduce the temperature of the condensing coil 20 and its
contents; thence it passes through the pipes 2 and 20 to the suction side and
opening of the compression pump to be re-compressed.
By an examination of the main shaft D it will be observed that the several
cranks follow each other, as shewn at o, o¹, o³, o³, while the steam connecting-rods
connect with the second and third cranks, which are at right angles with each
other, thus dividing the power exerted in compressing the gas between the four
pumps; it is evident that the contents of one of the pumps is discharged at every
quarter revolution of said shaft. By the time one pump completes its discharge
another begins, which makes the flow of the refrigerating agent and the sealing
and lubricating liquid to all intents and purposes continuous; consequently the
expansion of the liquefied refrigerating agent may also be continuous.
The pipe 30 in Figure 6 is to equalize pressures in the separating tank 22 and

page_text: permit the sealing and lubricating liquid to flow back to the liquid reservoir O by
gravity.
It is evident that a sealing and lubricating liquid may be introduced and circu-
lated within the apparatus in combination with a refrigerating agent without
separating them with a limited result. It is also evident that a better result may
be obtained by the introduction of the separating tank t between the compression
pump and the condensing chamber, thus preventing a part of the scaling and
lubricating liquid from entering and occupying space in the expansion chambers and
being forced therefrom to the compression-pumps.
A further improvement may be made by the use of the tank 19 as a separating
tank on the suction side of the expansion-chamber in combination with the tank t
on the pressure side, and thereby reduce the quantity of sealing and lubricating
liquid before passing it to the expansion chamber, and after leaving them but
before entering the compression pumps; or the separating tank 19 might be used
without the tank t; or the supply tank N might be used as a separating tank on the
suction side; or both 19 and N might be used on the expansion or suction side, and
separate the sealing and lubricating liquid from the refrigerating agent before it is
passed to the compression-pump; or t and N could be used; or 22 and t, and the
sealing and lubricating liquid separated before entering the expanding chambers,
which is by far preferable, the full frigorific power of the gas would then be obtained
and the refrigerant could be returned directly to the pump free from the lubricant ;
or 22 might be used without t; or 22 and O; or 22 and O and N; or 22 and t
and 19.
It is obvious that the separating tanks or chambers might be interchanged in
many ways, but I prefer to use each in the manner shewn.
At Figure 8 of the Drawings is represented a sectional view of a form of pipe-
coupling, which has been found in practice to effectually seal the joints and prevent
any leakage of the most volatile gases, and it consists in a sleeve socket, as at A³,
into which the pipes, as at B³, are secured in the ordinary manner with right or left
hand screw-threads.
But the ends of the sleeve or socket are extended beyond the screw-threads, as
shewn at Cs, to form a circumferential chamber or cavity, into which a soldering
metal is carefully run after the inner face of the said cavity, including the exterior
of the pipes, has been tinned or coated with an amalgam or soldering metal, so that
after said cavitics arc. thus filled they are effectually scaled with a drop of solder
at D³.
Having thus fully described the said Invention as communicated to me by my
foreign correspondents, and the manner of performing the same, I wish it understood
that I claim,
First. In a refrigerating or ice-making apparatus the process of combining a
sealing and lubricating liquid with the refrigerating agent in its passage through a
compression or vacuum pump, and then separating them before the admission of the
refrigerating agent to the expansion pipes or chainbers or before said agent is again
returned to the pump, substantially as above set forth.
Second. A compression or vacuum pump, a condensing chamber, an expansion
chamber, a reservoir for receiving and supplying a sealing and lubricating liquid
with means for introducing it into a compression or vacuum pump, and their
intermediate connecting pipes, all in combination substantially as herein described.
Third. A compression or vacuum pump, a condensing chamber, an expansion-
chamber, a reservoir for receiving and supplying a sealing and lubricating liquid,
with means for introducing it into a compression or vacuum pump, and their inter-
mediate connecting pipes, in combination with a separating chamber or tank
interposed between the compression or vacuum pump and the condensing chamber,
to separate the sealing and lubricating liquid or a part thereof from the refrigerating
agent before said agent enters the condensing coil or chamber and returning the
same to the liquid reservoir, substantially as above described.

page_text: Fourth. A compression or vacuum pump, a condensing chamber, an expansion
chamber, one or more reservoirs for the sealing and lubricating liquid, with suitable
means for introducing said liquid into the compression or vacuum pump and their
intermediate connecting pipes, in combination with a separating chamber or tank
interposed between the condensing chamber and the expansion chamber for the
purpose of separating the sealing and lubricating liquid, or a.part thereof, from the
refrigerating agent before said agent enters the expansion chambers, substantially as
herein set forth.
Fifth. A compression or vacuum pump, a condensing chamber, an expansion
chamber, one or more reservoirs from which a sealing and lubricating liquid is
supplied to the compression or vacuum pump by suitable means, and their inter-
mediate connecting pipes, in combination with a separating chamber or receiver
placed on the suction or expansion side of the apparatus between the expansion
chamber and the compression or vacuum pump for the purpose of separating the
sealing and lubricating liquid, or a part thereof, from the refrigerating agent after
its passage through the expansion chamber, but before its reintroduction to the
compression or vacuum pumps, substantially as above described.
Sixth. A compression or vacuum pump, a condensing chamber, an expansion
chamber, a liquid reservoir for receiving the sealing and lubricating liquid placed
upon the pressure side of the apparatus, and their interinediate connecting pipes, in
combination with a liquid reservoir or supply tank which receives the scaling and
lubricating liquid on the expansion or suction side of the apparatus, and from which
the said liquid is introduced to the compression or vacuum pump by suitable means
at a reduced pressure or free froin pressure, substantially as herein specified.
Seventh. A compression or vacuum pump, a condensing chamber, an expansion
chamber, a liquid reservoir for receiving the scaling and lubricating liquid placed
upon the pressure side of the apparatus, and their intermediate connecting pipes, in
combination with a liquid reservoir or supply tank which receives the scaling and
lubricating liquid on the expansion or suction side of the apparatus, and from which
the said liquid is introduced to the compression or vacuum pump at a reduced
pressure or free from pressure, when said tank or chamber is also used for the
purpose of separating the sealing and lubricating liquid from the refrigerating
agent before it is reintroduced into the compression or vacuum pump, substantially
as herein set forth.
Eighth. In a refrigerating or ice-making apparatus, a liquid reservoir which
receives the sealing and lubricating liquid under pressure, a liquid reservoir for
receiving the scaling and lubricating liquid under a reduced pressure or freo from
pressure, both connected by a pipe having a cock or valve by which the said liquid
may be drawn from the reservoir under pressure into the reservoir with a lesser
pressure, in combination with a compression or vacuum pump, an auxiliary pump
or its equivalent for introducing the sealing and lubricating liquid into the
compression pump, a condensing chamber, an expansion chamber, and their
intermediate connecting pipes, substantially as above set forth.
Ninth. In a refrigerating or ice-making apparatus, the combination of a cooling
coil or chamber with one or more reservoirs for receiving the sealing and lubricating
liquid, a compression or vacuum pump, and their immediate connecting pipes, by
which the sealing and lubricating liquid which is heated during the compression of
the refrigerant is cooled, substantially as above set forth.
Tenth. In a refrigerating or ice-making apparatus, the combination of a
compression or vacuum pump, a liquid-reservoir for receiving the sealing and
lubricating liquid under pressure, a liquid reservoir for receiving the sealing and
lubricating liquid under a lesser pressure, one or more separating tanks or chambers
on the pressure side of the apparatus, one or more separating tanks or chambers on
the expansion or suction side of the apparatus, an auxiliary pump or its equivalent
for the introduction of the sealing and lubricating liquid into the compression or
vacuum pump, a cooling coil for cooling the lubricant, a condensing chamber, au

page_text: expansion chamber, and their intermediate connecting pipes, substantially as above
described.
Eleventh. In a refrigerating or ice-making apparatus, a compression or vacuum
pump having a piston-rod liquid-sealed both inside and outside of the pump-
cylinder, a liquid-sealed piston with an air or gas chamber interposed between the
piston and the head of the pump cylinder through which the piston-rod passes,
in combination with a condensing chamber, an expansion chamber, and their
intermediate connecting pipes, substantially as herein set forth.
Twelfth. In a refrigerating or ice-making apparatus, a compression or vacuum
pump wherein the sealing and lubricating liquid is introduced into said pump-
cylinder when charged with its full complement of the refrigerating agent, in
combination with a condensing chamber, an expansion chamber, and their
intermediate connecting pipes, substantially as above set forth.
Thirteenth. In a refrigerating or ice-making apparatus, a compression or vacuum
pump having an induction passage for the refrigerating agent, a separate induction
passage for the sealing and lubricating liquid, a liquid-sealed piston, a liquid-sealed
piston-rod and an air or gas chamber between the piston and the head of the pump
through which the piston-rod passes, in combination with a condensing chamber,
an expansion chamber, and their intermediate connecting pipes, substantially as
above described.
Fourteenth. In a refrigerating or ice-making machine, an air or gas compressor
having a crank-shaft with a crank at each quarter section of its periphery, in
combination with a condensing coil or.chamber, and expansion chamber, and their
intermediate connecting pipes, substantially as described.
Fifteenth. A pipe-coupling or socket having its ends recessed and coated with
an amalgamating or soldering metal, substantially as described for the purpose set
forth.
Sixteenth. A pipe-coupling or socket provided with screw threads and a recess
outside of said screw-threads, coated with an amalgamating or soldering metal,
substantially as described for the purpose specified.
Seventeenth. The combination of a socket or coupling having recessed ends
coated with an amalgamated metal, a pipe having its ends beyond and outside of
the screw-threads likewise coated and a filling of amalgamating metal, substantially
as hercin described for the purpose set forth.
Eighteenth. The combination of a coupling or socket having screw-threads and a
recess outside of said screw-threads coated with an amalgamating or soldering
metal, a pipe having its ends screw-threaded, and a portion outside of or beyond
said screw-threads coated with an amalgamating or soldering metal and a filling of
amalgamating or soldering metal, substantially as above described for the purpose
indicated.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Robert Lake, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty fifth day of October, in the year of our Lord