IMPROVEMENTS IN SHIRT AND OTHER STUDS, SOLITAIRES, AND OTHER DRESS FASTENINGS AND ORNAMENTS
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Francis Hope, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN SHIRT AND OTHER
STUDS, SOLITAIRES, AND OTHER DRESS FASTENINGS AND ORNAMENTS."
Sealed the 30th December 1879, and dated the 4th July 1879.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Francis Hope at the Office.
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th July 1879.
FRANCIS HOPE, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer.
PROVEMENTS IN SHIRT AND OTHER STUDS, SOLITAIRES, AND
FASTENINGS AND ORNAMENTS.'
"IM-
OTHER DRESS
My Invention relates to such shirt and other studs, solitaires, and other. dress
fastenings and ornaments as consist of two parts capable of being readily connected
together and separated from one another, and my said Invention consists of the
improvements hereinafter described in mechanism for connecting and disconnecting
the two parts of which the said articles consist.
I will describe my Invention in connection with a shirt stud:-The said stud
consists essentially of two discs constituting respectively the front and back of the
stud. At the inner side of the front disc is a central hollow stein, and on the inner
side of the back disc is a central tube of somewhat larger diameter than the stem
on the front disc. In using the stud the tube of the back disc is passed through the
holes in the shirt front, the stem of the front disc is inserted in the tube of the back
disc, and the two discs pressed together. When the stem of the front disc has been
pushed home in the tube of the back disc the parts are connected together by the
following mechanism :-The front disc carries two pushers, the ends of which project
from its edge at opposite points. The inner ends of these pushers are folded or
doubled back, and in their normal positions protrude through openings in the hollow
central stem; the faces of these ends are inclined. The said pushers take the
positions described, when at liberty to move, by the action of a coiled spring situated
in the hollow stem. One end of this spring bears against the end of the hollow
stem, and the other end of the spring bears upon a wedge, the edge of which is
situated between the turned ends of the pushers situated within the hollow stem:
By the pressure of the spring upon the wedge the latter is made to enter between
and force the pushers outwards..
'
The tube on the back disc of the shirt stud has a groove in its interior and near
its end. When the two parts of the stud are put together, and the central stem

page_text: pushed home in the tube, the edge of the tube bearing against the inclined
protruding inner ends of the pushers forces them back, but when the said ends
-come-opposite-the-groove-in-the-tube-they-snap-into-the-said-groove-by-the-action-
of-the-coiled spring and wedge, and the two parts of the stud are secured
-together-
In order to separate them-it is only necessary to press inwards the ends of the
pushers projecting from the edge of the front disc when their inner turned ends are
withdrawn from the groove in the tube of the back disc, and the two parts of the
stud can be separated.
My Invention is applicable to shirt and other studs, solitaires, and other dress
fastenings and ornaments, such for example as brooches and-pins having removeable
ornamental heads.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Francis Hope in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 31st December
1879.
FRANCIS HOPE, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer.
PROVEMENTS IN SHIRT AND OTHER STUDS, SOLITAIRES, AND OTHER
FASTENINGS AND ORNAMENTS."
" IM-
DRESS
My Invention relates to such shirt and other studs, solitaires, and other dress
fastenings and ornaments as consist of two parts capable of being readily connected
together and separated from one another; and my said Invention consists of the
improvements, herein after described, in mechanism for connecting and disconnecting
the two parts of which the said articles consist.
I will describe my Invention in connection with a shirt stud:-The said stud consists
essentially-of-two discs, constituting respectively the front and back of the stud
At the inner side of the front disc is a central hollow stem, and on the inner side
of the back disc is a central tube of somewhat larger diameter than the stem on the
front disc. In using the stud the tube of the back disc is passed through the holes
in the shirt front, the stem of the front disc is inserted in the tube of the back
disc, and the two discs pressed together. When the stem of the front disc has been
.pushed home in the tube of the back disc the parts are connected together by the
following mechanism :-The front disc carries two pushers, the ends of which
project from its edge at opposite points. The inner ends of these pushers are folded
or doubled back, and in their normal positions protrude through openings in the
hollow central stem; the faces of these ends are inclined. The said pushers take
the positions described, when at liberty to move, by the action of a coiled spring
situated in the hollow stem. One end of this spring bears against the end of the
hollow stem, and the other end of the spring bears upon a wedge, the edge of which
is situated between the turned ends of the pushers situated within the hollow stem.
By the pressure of the spring upon the wedge the latter is made to enter between

page_text: and force the pushers outwards. The tube on the back disc of the shirt stud has a
groove and shoulder in its interior and near its end. When the two parts of the
stud are put together, and the central stem pushed home in the tube, the edge of
the tube bearing against the inclined protruding inner ends of the pushers forces
them back, but when the said ends come opposite the groove in the tube they snap
into the said groove or under the said shoulder by the action of the coiled spring
and wedge, and the two parts of the stud are secured together.
In order to separate them it is only necessary to press inwards the ends of the
pushers projecting from the edge of the front disc when their inner turned ends
are withdrawn from the groove or shoulder in the tube of the back disc, and the
two parts of the stud can be separated.
I will now proceed to describe, with reference to the accompanying Drawing, the
manner in which my Invention may be performed.
Figure 1 represents in vertical section a shirt or other stud constructed according
to my Invention, the two parts being connected together; Figure 2 represents in
vertical section, Figure 3 in side elevation, and Figure 4 in plan of underside, the
front disc or part of the stud detached; and Figure 5 represents in elevation, and
Figure 6 in vertical section, the back disc or part of the stud detached; Figure 7
represents in section and plan the front disc separately; Figure 8 represents the
two pushers and catches of the fastening detached; and Figure 9 represents the
wedge and spring of the fastening detached.
The several Figures of the Drawing are drawn to a scale double the real size.
The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in the several Figures of
the Drawing.
a is the disc of the front part of the stud, and b is the hollow or tubular stem
fixed on the inner side of the disc a. In the disc a, and crossing it as a diameter, is
a channel c in which two pushers work, each pusher having at its inner end a
hooked or inclined catch, the said catch being made either by doubling or turning
back the end of the pusher, or by fashioning it from the said end of the pusher.
The pusher part of each of the combined pushers and catches is marked d, and the
catch part is marked e. The outer ends of the pushers 'd, d, project from the edge
of the disc a at opposite points, and the catches e, e, work through slots at f, f, in
the stem b, and the said catches in their normal positions protrude from the said
stem, as illustrated in the Drawing.
Guide pins g, g, near the catch ends of the combined pushers and catches work
in depressions at c2, c², in the disc a. By means of the said guide pins and
depressions the motion of the catches is limited. Bridged or uncut away parts at
h, h, in the disc a prevent the pushers from rising out of the channel c. i is a wedge
in the stem b situated between the catches e, e, the said wedge being pressed home
by means of the coiled spring / bearing at one end against the base of the said
wedge, and at the other end against the closed end of the hollow stem b. The end
of the hollow stem b is closed after the wedge i and spring k have been put in their
places by a separate cap 7 upon which ears on the end of the stem b are closed. By
the pressure of the spring k upon the wedge i the latter is made to force the pushers
and catches outwards, the inclined or hooked ends of the said catches projecting
from the slots f, f, in the stem (see Figures 2 and 3). The back disc or part of the
stud is represented separately in Figures 5 and 6; it consists of a disc m having a
tube n on its inner side. The mouth of the said tube n is expanded and has an
internal shoulder and groove at p.
When the two parts of the stud are put together, and the central stem b of the
front disc a is pushed in the tube n of the back disc m, the expanded end of the
said tube n bearing against the inclined protruding ends of the catches e, e, forces
them inwards, the wedge retiring in its stem, and the coiled spring k being com-
pressed. After the stem b of the front part has been fully pressed home, the
catches e, e, pass the internal shoulder at p in the tube of the back part and snap
in the groove behind the said shoulder p by the action of the wedge i and coiled

page_text: spring k, and thereby effect the fastening of the two parts of the stud together, as
illustrated in Figure 1.
To
separate-the-two-parts-of-the-stud-for-unfastening-the-shirt-or-article-of-dress-
the projecting parts d², d, of the pushers d, d, are pressed inwards by the thumb
Cand finger. The catches e, e,-are-thereby made to approach each other so as to
withdraw-their-hooked-parts-from-the internal shoulder and groove p of the back
-part-of-the-stud,-when-the-two parts of the stud are unfastened and may be
separated.
In-applying my Invention to studs other than shirt studs, to solitaires, and to
other dress fastenings and ornaments, such for example as brooches and pins having
removeable ornamental heads, I construct and arrange the parts substantially as
herein before described and illustrated with respect to a shirt stud.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in which
the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I claim as my Invention
the improvements in shirt and other studs, solitaires, and other dress fastenings and
ornaments herein before described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawing,
that is to say, the construction and combination of the parts marked c, c², d, d, e, i, k,
constituting the fastening of the front part of the shirt or other stud, or other like
article in conjunction with an internal shoulder and groove in the back part of the
said stud or article, substantially as described and illustrated.
In witness whereof, I, the said Francis Hope, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Twenty-fourth day of December, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy nine.
Witness,
GEORGE SHAW.
FRANCIS HOPE. (L.S.)