IMPROVE- MENTS IN PLANING MACHINES FOR FILES AND OTHER METAL OBJECTS, STRAIGHT, MENTS IN PLANING MACHINES FOR FILES AND OTHER METAL OBJECTS, STRAIGHT, CURVED, OR OTHERWISE
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Ive Bonnet and John Daniel Heid, of Brussels, in
the Kingdom of Belgium Mécanicians for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PLANING MACHINES FOR FILES AND OTHER METAL OBJECTS, STRAIGHT,
MENTS IN PLANING MACHINES FOR FILES AND OTHER METAL OBJECTS, STRAIGHT,
CURVED, OR OTHERWISE."
"
Sealed the 24th August 1860, and dated the 1st March 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Ive Bonnet and John'
Daniel Heid at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their-
Petition, on the 1st March 1860.
We, IVE BONNET and JOHN DANIEL HEID, of Brussels, in the Kingdom of
Belgium, Mécanicians, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN PLANING MACHINES FOR FILES AND OTHER METAL OBJECTS,
STRAIGHT, CURVED, OR OTHERWISE," to be as follows:-
These improvements relate to certain arrangements and self-acting move-
ments for enabling planing machines to shape or plane files or other articles
having straight, angular, curved, or irregular surfaces. The sliding tool
frame of the machine is moved up and down by screws at each side, having
at their tops toothed wheels or pinions, into which are geared segmental racks
attached to arms or levers working on bearings, so that when the racks move
to and fro the wheels and screws are turned, and thereby raise and lower the
tool frame and cutter, the positions of which are varied according to the shape
or curve required to be given to the file or other article, the positions of the
tool depending upon the regular or irregular movements of the segmental

page_text: racks, the diameter of the wheels, and the pitch of the screws. Alternate
movement is given to each rack by connecting its arm on each side to two
separate levers, the movements of which are regulated by other cam-shaped
levers acted upon by rollers or projections on the table or travelling carriage
of the machine, so that according to the shapes of the cams the racks will
movo faster or slower at different portions of their traverse, and by producing
a corresponding effect upon the screws and tool holder, the tool will be placed
at the position desired to plane the article to the required form. The tool
may be hollowed or curved and moved laterally, either by hand or by self-
acting movements, and the machine put in motion by hand or power.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Ive Bonnet and John Daniel Heid in the Great Seal-
Patent Office on the 24th August 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, IVE
BONNET and JOHN DANIEL HEID, of Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium,
Mécanicians, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the First day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-third year of Her.
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said Ive Bonnet and John Daniel Heid, Her special licence that we, the
said Ive Bonnet and John Daniel Heid, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as we, the said Ive Bonnet and John Daniel
Heid, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
ágree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PLANING MACHINES FOR FILES AND OTHER METAL OBJECTS, STRAIGHT, CURVED, OR
OTHERWISE," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said Ive Bonnet
and John Daniel Heid, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under our, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
j

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Ive Bonnet and John Daniel Heid,
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement (that is to say) :-
These improvements relate to certain arrangements and self-acting move-
ments for enabling planing machines to shape or plane files or other articles
having straight, angular, curved, or irregular surfaces.
The sliding tool frame of the machine is moved up and down by screws at
each side, having at their tops toothed wheels or pinions, into which are geared
segmental racks attached to arms or levers working on bearings, so that when
the racks move to and fro the wheels and screws are turned, and thereby
raise and lower the tool frame and cutter, the positions of which are varied
according to the shape or curve required to be given to the file or other
article, the positions of the tool depending upon the regular or irregular move-
ments of the segmental racks, the diameter of the wheels, and the pitch of the
screws. Alternate movement is given to each rack by connecting its arm on
each side to two separate levers, the movements of which are regulated by
other cam-shaped levers, acted upon by rollers or projections on the tablo or
travelling carriage of the machine, so that according to the shapes
the racks will move faster or slower at different portions of their traverse, and
by producing a corresponding effect upon the screws and tool holder, the tool
will be placed at the position desired to plane the article to the required form.
The tool may be hollowed or curved and moved laterally either by hand or by
self-acting movements, and the machine put in motion by hand or power.
the cams
These improvements will be clearly. understood by referring to the figures
and letters on the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, in which Figs. 1 and.
d.g
are longitudinal and transverse sections; Fig. 3, a plan; and Fig. 4, a longi-
tudinal elevation of one of our improved machines for planing files or other
articles having straight, angular, curved, or irregular surfaces, the Figures
representing the machine at the commencement of its action.
as
In order to plane a file or other article, the surface. of which is curved.
regards its length, it is previously fixed on the carriage or table A, working on
the guides U by means of the holding plate and screws a and the wedge a' at
each end, which wedge is made to advance or recede. as required by the
screw a², there being square holes arranged for this purpose in the carriage A
The file or other article may also be fixed beforeband on a metal plate which
is placed upon the carriage, and held firmly at its ends by pegs, pins, bolts, or
other suitable means. If it be required to plane round files, we employ a tool
formed semicircular at its cutting edge, and hold the file between two centres,

page_text: which enable it to be turned as required, it being kept steady by a holding
plate, screws, and wedge at each end, which, with the centres, may either be
attached to a separate plate or to the carriage itself. Fixed to the carriage A
is the nut A' fitting the screw B, mounted with the fly wheel V, which screw
works at one end in the bearing C fixed to the framework c', and at the other
end on the centre D, so that when the screw B is turned by the handle bin
one or the other direction, the carriage A advances or recedes. As the
carriage advances the surface of the article is presented to the edge of the
tool E, kept firm by the screw parallel to the surface of the carriage, so that
if the tool remained stationary during the traverse of the carriage, the planed
surface would be perfectly straight, but if the tool was made to rise in a
constant quantity proportioned to the traverse of the carriage during one-half
of the traverse of the carriage, and also caused to descend in a similar manner
during the other half, then the planed article would have a regular obtuse
angle, that is, supposing the vertical traverse of the tool to be much slower
than the horizontal traverse of the carriage. If, however, the tool is made to
rise at a constantly diminishing speed, ceasing entirely when arrived at the
middle of the article to be planed, and then caused to descend at a constantly
increasing speed, the piece thus planed will have a curved surface, and that
curve may be varied to any extent according to the varied lengths or inequalties
of the spaces the tool is made to travel, whilst the carriage moves uniformly.
The vertical slide F to which the tool holder is attached can ascend or
descend by means of the two screws F¹ and F, their upper parts working in
bearings in the cross beam f, and their lower ends working in steps f¹. These
two screws give motion to the ball jointed nuts G, which draw with them in
their ascending or descending movement the lever H, having concavities at the
ends fitting the balls of the nuts G, and held in the middle by the bearings h
in the vertical slide F. Thus the nuts G and the lever H are so jointed that
only one screw need be used when it is desired to lessen the movement of the
vertical slide F, for if one end of the lever is stationary the bearings h are
raised only one-half of the traverse given to the other end of the lever. To
the carriage A is fixed the bowl or roller I, which acts as the carriage
advances from right to left upon the curved edge or surface k of the lever K,
causing it to descend and give motion to the lever L working on the fulcrum
u, and also by means of the connecting rod / to the large lever M, having at
the top the toothed segment N, which gears into and turns the pinion n fixed
at the top of the screw F¹; the same means being employed for turning the
screw F2, but as it is acted upon at the other side of the machine, it is evident
that the screw F³ should be of an opposite thread to the screw F³, in order to

page_text: operate uniformly on both sides at the same time. When the carriage A has
arrived at the half of its traverse, the lever K has finished its action upon the
lever M, the toothed segment N having moved in a reverse direction to the
carriage, and as the lever M whilst retrograding has drawn along with it
the lever O, the latter has brought its curved part O¹ to its highest position,
so that it may be acted upon by the carriage A during the remainder of its
'course, the action upon the curved lever o¹ commencing the same instant that
it ceases upon the curved lever K. Each curve O¹ is acted upon by a bowl or
roller 12 working on a pin fixed to the wing A², forming part of or connected
to the carriage A; the bowl I touches the curve O' of the lever O, and
presses it down, by which means the upper part of each lever M is moved in
the same direction as the carriage, and consequently turns the screws F1
and F so as to cause the descent of the vertical slide and tool holder. If the
levers and cause the levers M to move a constant and determined distance
in one direction, and the levers O and O¹ move the levers M exactly the same
in the reverse direction, then the surface of the article planed will be a regular
plain angle as before explained; but if the motions of these levers, instead of
working the same, are caused to vary by presenting different curves to the
action of the carriage, then the surface formed by tho cutting tool will be
varied in a corresponding manner.
In order to vary the curve or shape of the article to be planed, we adopt
the following methods:-First, either one or both of the pinions n-and n¹ are
replaced by others smaller or larger in diameter, the toothed segments N
having flanges so that they may be shifted to suit the pinions; secondly, by
making. use of one or the other of the screws F1 and F, as before mentioned ;
and, thirdly, by changing the forms of the curves K and O', and replacing
the levers L and O by others of different lengths. The vertical slide Fis
guided in the guides P fixed to the standards W, and may be raised .or
lowered by hand by means of handles, or wheels fixed to the tops of the
screws F and F².
In order to change the lateral position of the tool or cutter, there is a small
horizontal slide Q working in the guides 9 by means of the screw q¹, which is
turned by hand. The said slide Q is attached to the tool holder R by the
arms S, which cause them to move together, the tool holder being held in
the guides s.
When it is desired to work with only one of the screws F
or F, the pinion of the opposite screw is raised by means of a clutch operated
upon by the lever T, the pinion sliding on the key or feather fixed at the top
of the screw until it is out of gear with the toothed segment.
In order to simplify the description, we have supposed the machine to be

page_text: ww
put in action by hand, but it can be worked by power by applying three
pulleys, and a system of shifting the straps, or in any of the means employed
in the ordinary machines.
From the foregoing description it will be seen that the tool can be not only
made to pass through any desired curve, but through any undulations and
hollows by simply giving corresponding curves to the levers K and O'.
-When flat surfaces are required to be planed in this machine, the pinions n
. and n¹ are raised out of gear, and the lever is held firm by the screws X, X.
The advantages to be obtained by the employment of our improved
machinery for planing files or other articles are, precision. in the thicknessess
of the articles as regards their class or number, exactness of the curvo
obtained, economy of material and labour, and also less probability of
breaking the files or other articles, as the machine acts with great ease, and
planes with one stroke any form of curve.
Having now described the nature of our said Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, we desire it to be distinctly understood that
we do not confine ourselves to the precise details herein set forth, as such may
be varied or modified without departing from the principle thereof; but we
claim as our Invention, the general arrangement and construction of planing
machines for files and other metal objects, whether straight, curved, or other-
wise, as such machinery or apparatus is herein described and illustrated in the
accompanying Sheet of Drawings.
In witness whereof,, we, the said Ive Bonnet and John Daniel Heid,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Nineteenth day of August,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty.
(L.S.)
Witness to the signatures, of the said
Ivo Bonnet and John Daniel Heid,
W. OLIVIER,
T. SMETS.
J. D. HEID. (L.S.)