IMPROVE- MENTS IN WARMING ROOMS AND BUILDINGS
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Angier March Perkins, of Francis Street, Regent's
Square, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN WARMING ROOMS AND BUILDINGS."
Sealed the 29th July 1864, and dated the 9th February 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Angier March Perkins
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th February 1864.
I, ANGIER MARCH PERKINS, of Francis Street, Regent's Square, in the.
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN WARMING ROOMS AND BUILDINGS," to be as follows:
This Invention has for its object improvements in warming rooms and.
buildings. In warming rooms and buildings by the circulating of hot water
in tubes or pipes, closed at all parts from the outer atmosphere, and where coils.
or parts of such tubes or pipes are heated by the direct action of a fire, the.
tubes or pipes may possibly by improper construction of the apparatus become.
highly heated, and the water therein raised to a higher pressure than.
intended..
Now according to my present. Invention I employ tubes or pipes, closed in
all parts from the atmosphere, according to the system now well known as.
Perkins's Patent system of warming and heating rooms and buildings by hot.
water, but in place of heating the coils or parts of the closed tube or pipes (in
which the: circulation of the water. takes place) by the direct action of a fire,

page_text: I interpose water between the fire and the coils or parts of the apparatus so
that the circulating water can never become heated to a higher degree than
the water interposed between the fire and the pipes or tubes in which the
circulating water is confined, and such interposed water may be open to the
atmosphere when the highest temperature desired does not exceed 212°
Fahrenheit, and such interposed water may also be open to the atmo-
sphere when higher temperatures than 212° Fahrenheit are required by
having salts dissolved in the interposed water, or the interposed water may be
in closed boilers having safety valves.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Angier March Perkins in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 9th August 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ANGIER
MARCH PERKINS, of Francis 'Street, Regent's Square, in the County of
Middlesex, send greeting..
44
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Ninth day of February, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-seventh
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto me, the said Angier March Perkins, Her special licence that I, the said
Angier March Perkins, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or 'such
others as I, the said Angier March Perkins, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an'
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WARMING ROOMS AND BUILDINGS," upon.
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Angier March Perkins,
my executors or administrators; by an instrument in writing under my, or
their; or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same:
was to be performed, and cause the same. to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately.after the.
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Angier March Perkins, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention; and in what manner. the same.

page_text: is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement thereof, that is to say:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in warming rooms. and
buildings. In warming rooms and buildings by the circulating of hot water
in tubes or pipes, closed at all parts from the outer atmosphere, and where
coils or parts of such tubes or pipes are heated by the direct action of a fire;
the tubes or pipes may possibly by improper construction of the apparatus
become highly heated, and the water therein raised to a higher pressure than
intended.
Now according to my present Invention I employ tubes or pipes, closed in
all parts from the atmosphere, according to the system now well known. as
Perkins's Patent system of warming and heating rooms and buildings by hot
water, but in place of heating the coils or parts of the closed. tubes or pipes
in which the circulation of the water takes place by the direct action of a fire,
I interpose water between the fire and the coils or parts of the apparatus so
that the circulating water can never become heated to a higher degree than
the water interposed between the fire and the pipes or tubes in which the
circulating water is confined, and such interposed water may be open to the
atmosphere when the highest temperature desired does not exceed 212°
Fahrenheit, and such interposed water may also be open to the atmosphere:
when higher temperature than 212° Fahrenheit are required by having salts:
dissolved in the interposed water, or the interposed water may be in closed:
boilers having safety valves.
And in order that my said Invention may be most fully understood and
readily carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the Drawing hereunto.
annexed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING..
The Drawing shows a side view, partly in section, of apparatus constructed
according to my Invention for warming rooms and buildings. a is a fire-box
constructed by preference in wrought iron, and with a fire-door 6 for the
introduction of fuel; c is a dead plate fixed in the fire-box and having an
opening in it in which fire-bars d are arranged; e, the ash-pit door, which
when shut closes the space beneath the dead plate and fire-bars; f is the flue
conveying the products of combustion to a chimney, and g is a plate fixed to
the fire-door b, to prevent the too direct passage of the draft to the flue;
h is a boiler surrounding for the most part the fire-box, and this is also
by preference constructed in sheet iron; there is a hole at the top fitted with
a cover h¹ to exclude dirt, and which is removed from time to time to supply

page_text: water to the boiler, so that the coil of wrought-iron pipe i which the boiler
contains may be kept covered with water. The ends of the coil are brought
out through the sides of the boiler and connected with the pipes employed for
radiating the heat; it may be a simple coil of pipe or pipes conveyed about
to and fro in the room or building to be warmed. The arrangement shewn
in the Drawing is, however, generally more convenient; here the pipes k, k,
are all connected together and put into communication the one with the
other by screwing their ends into the two pipes 1, 1, by preference of wrought
iron, which make with the pipes k a water-tight vessel, which is entirely closed,
except that a junction is made near the top of the pipe / with the upper end
of the coil i, as is shown, and the bottom of the pipe l' is similarly connected
with the bottom of the coil i; there is also a stand pipe m fixed into the
case for water to be poured in to fill the coil i, the pipes k, k, and the
pipes and, except that a few of the upper pipes k and the upper ends of
the pipes and are left empty to allow of the expansion of the water when
heated; the stand pipe m receives a cap m³, which is screwed on when no
more water can be poured in without. overflowing. n is an air cock, which
is. opened whilst filling the apparatus with water. As before mentioned, if it.
be: desired to obtain a heat exceeding 212°, the water supplied to the boiler h
may have salts dissolved in it, or in place of being open at the top it may be
a. close boiler fitted with a safety valve and fed with water from time to time
as required by a force pump, or in any other convenient manner.
In witness whereof, I, the said Angier March Perkins, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Ninth day of August, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
A. M. PERKINS. (L.S.)