IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SACKS RICK AND GARMENTS AM
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Antoine Simoneton, Cloths Maker, of 2, Rue Ste
Appoline, Paris, Empire of France, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SACKS RICK AND GARMENTS AM"
Sealed the 13th May 1864, and dated the 21st November 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Antoine Simoneton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
November 1868.
I, ANTOINE SIMONETON, Cloths Maker, of 2, Rue Sto Appoline, Paris,
Empire of France, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SACKS, BAGS, AND GARMENTS WITH-
OUT SEAM," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in making on a loom sacks, bags, and garments
without seam. For this purpose I employ one or two warps. If I work
with one warp I fold it in such manner as to form two, the fold to correspond
with the bottom of the sack, then I weave with one or two shuttles which pass
one or two wefts between the warp threads, which will give or produce a sack
without any difference existing between the bottom and the other part thereof.
With two warps I also use two shuttles which are shot at the same time by
the same movement either by the hand or by the machine; in this case
the bottom of the sack is closed by the uniting of the two warps on a point
or curve of any desired form. In either of these two conditions each part
of the warp is regulated by the workman so as to weave one part at the

page_text: top and one at the bottom, and as the shuttles pass alternately from the top to
the bottom, it, or the wefts, close the sides. The warps may be governed by
combs taking the place of heddles; these combs, which may be double to allow
the warps to open, are closed by cross pieces which it will be sufficient to open
to pass backwards and forwards all the threads of the warp instantaneously.
In a similar manner may be woven long pockets or covers for containing fabrics
in which are placed substances for washing or filtering. For certain materials
it is well to maintain regular distances between the threads. To obtain this
result I communicate to the warp threads a certain amount of torsion, taking
the threads in pairs in such manner as to form what is termed a pearl
turn (un tour de perle); by this means the weft is somewhat bound at each
passage of the weft and preserves regular distances between each thread of the
fabric. These threads may be of any desired thickness, of pack thread, or
metallic thread, the whole held by different kinds of fastenings.
Finally, my improvements enable me to manufacture fabrics, and especially
bags and sacks, without seam and of a single piece with two shuttles moving at
the same time; the bottom may be closed by the uniting of the warps in any
desired form either straight, round, or pointed. The bottoms may also be
formed in the ordinary manner. The sacks or bags may be made at bottom
of an extra thickness or strengthened in any other convenient manner, and
the fabric may be close or open, with or without the pearl turn (tour de perle),
and made by means of two shuttles shot at one and the same time by the
same motion by hand or other motive power.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Antoine Simoneton in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
20th May 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ANTOINE
SIMONETON, Cloths Maker, of 2, Rue Sainte Appoline, Paris, Empire of
France, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of November, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-seventh year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Antoine Simoneton, Her special licence that I, the said Antoine.
Simoneton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Antoine Simoneton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at

page_text: any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SACKS, BAGS, AND GARMENTS WITHOUT SEAM,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Antoine Simoneton, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or
one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Antoine Simoneton, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the follow-
ing statement (that is to say):-
My improvements consist in manufacturing sacks, bags, and garments
without seam, in the following manner:-According to one arrangement
I fit to a loom two warps parallel to one another and proceed to weave
by passing the shuttle or shuttles alternately from one warp to the
other, thereby forming one or two continuous spirals, thus doing away
with salvages, and making the length of the sack without seam. To
form the bottom I unite the two warps by the weft, and am thus enabled
to vary the shape of the bottom of the sack; thus it may be straight, curved,
or of a V form, the inclined parts meeting at one point. According to another
arrangement I fold the warp round a spindle in order to form two warps, I
then weave as before with one or two shuttles from one warp to the other,
or from both sides of the same warp, and then it is the same warp folded
which represents the two warps; by this means I make sacks entirely witbout
seam, the bottoms of which are similar to all the other parts thereof. This
improved method of weaving enables me to manufacture articles without seam
for containing substances to be filtered or washed, or before being submitted
to such processes, and as these articles often require to be of consider..ble
strength, especially for filtering sugar, care must be taken to maintain regular
distances between the threads; and for this purpose I fit two warps to the
machine one perfectly distinct from the other; one of these I call the "stiff"
warp, the other the "pearl turn" warp. The first is always kept stretched
and acts as a frame or groundwork to the fabric, the second warp is somewhat
supple, and by means of an alternate twisting motion called the pearl turn the

page_text: stiff warp and weft are surrounded at each rise and an even tension being
maintained regular spaces are obtained. By the means just described very
regular and strong fabrics are produced adapted to many purposes, and among
others to the manufacture of straps or bands; but as it is necessary that these
articles be compact and of great strength, a certain amount of suppleness is
given to the pearl turn warp in order to protect the stiff warp.
Moreover in
order to give to these fabrics sufficient strength and durability care must be
taken, first, that the principle warp be wholly covered by its weft and by the
pearl turn warp; second, the principle warp must never become twisted or
lengthened whatever may be the tension to which it is subjected; and third,
the warp must be constructed in such manner as to render it impossible to
leave a straight line during the manufacture. All textile materials, such as
hemp, flax, phormium tenax, may be manufactured into fabrics as before
described.
In order to prevent the action of atmospheric influences I coat the threads
composing the stiff warp with tar, india-rubber, or other preservative coating
or coatings; also, if desired," those of the other threads either wholly or
partially.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim, the manufacture
of sacks, bags, and garments without seam substantially in manner herein-
before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Antoine Simoneton, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twelfth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
A SIMONCTON