IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Hodgkinson, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
APPARATUS FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS
MATERIALS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Hodgkinson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 31st January 1881.
JAMES HODGKINSON, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING
COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS."
My Invention relates to that class of machinery known as throstle spinning and
loubling frames, for which purpose I employ an oil reservoir or cup, which is fitted
in the ordinary manner in the bolster rail, and is provided with a boss or centre
bearing of the requisite length, and round which I cause a wharve or pulley to
revolve, the bearing being formed by a tube, or, if preferred, may be cast with the
wharve or pulley, which when revolving becomes self lubricating.
To the revolving wharve or tube I attach an inverted flyer, the oil cup boss or
centre bearing being hollow to allow the spindle to pass through and bear the
bobbin on a braid which is fixed on the spindle above the top bearing, and may
be stationary or revolve, as may be required, for the purpose of effecting and
regulating the drag upon the bobbins.
The oil cup and tube in some cases I make sufficiently large to allow a cap or
bobbin to pass through, and in lieu of the inverted flyer I fix au eye or curl in-the
revolving wharve or tube for the purpose of effecting the twist.
I also employ a modification of my improvements, wherein I use instead of the
inverted flyers well-known equivalents, being the rings and travellers used in ring
frames; in such cases I use the oil reservoir or cup and wharve, as before mentioned,
baving the boss or centre bearing hollow, but the bottom or top may be made up
so that a centre fastened in the wharve or tube and bearing the weight may work
on it from such top or bottom centre. To the wharve I attach a boss, tube, or peg,
or the before mentioned centre, all of which may be carried up and bear the bobbin
which revolves with the wharve or pulley.

page_text: It is obvious that various modifications of the latter plan may be adopted, as for
instance through the middle of the cup may pass a peg, spindle, or tube, and
round which the wharve revolves. The peg or spindle may be lengtenhened for the
purpose of steadying the bobbin, the boss or tube of the wharve being hollow and
carried to the same or any desired height.
For the purpose of reducing the friction a split or solid ring may be inserted on
the before mentioned tube or peg.
In cases where the spindle runs and attains a great speed it may be steadied by
increasing the length of the before mentioned boss or bearing.
To facilitate the stopping of the flyers or twisters when piecing or doffing, and
for steadying when running, I sometimes increase the size of the lower flange of
the wharve in a suitable and convenient form, the underside of the wharve always
acting as cap or cover for the oil cup.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said James Hodgkinson in the Great Scal Patent Office the 29th July
1881.
JAMES HODGKINSON, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING
COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS."
My Invention relates to that class of machinery known as throstle spinning and
doubling frames, for which purpose I employ an oil reservoir or cup, which is fitted
in the ordinary manner in the bolster rail, and is provided with a boss or centre-
bearing of the requisite length, and round which I cause a wharve or pulley to
revolve, the bearing being formed by a tube, or, if preferred, may be cast with the
wharve or pulley, which when revolving becomes self-lubricating.
To the revolving wharve or tube I attach an inverted flyer, the oil cup, boss, or
centre-bearing being hollow to allow the spindle to pass through and bear the
bobbin on a braid which is fixed on the spindle above the top bearing, and may be
stationary or revolve, as may be required, for the purpose of effecting and regulating
the drag upon the bobbins.
The oil cup and tube in some cases I make sufficiently large to allow a cop or
bobbin to pass through, and in lieu of the inverted flyer I fix an eyo or curl in the
revolving wharve or tube for the purpose of effecting the twist.
I also employ a modification of my improvements, wherein I use instead of the
inverted flyers well-known equivalents, being the rings and travellers used in ring-
frames; in such cases I use the oil reservoir or cup and wharve, as before mentioned,
having the boss or centre-bearing hollow, but the bottom or top may be made up
so that a centre fastened in the wharve or tube and bearing the weight may work
on it from such top or bottom centre. To the wharve I attack a boss tube, or peg,
or the before mentioned centre all of which may be carried up and bear the bobbin
which revolves with the wharve or pulley.
It is obvious that various modifications of the latter plan may be adopted, as for
instance through the middle of the cup may pass a peg, spindle, or tube, and round
which the wharve revolves. The peg or spindlo may be lengthened for the
purpose of steadying the bobbin, the boss or tube of the wharve being hollow and
carried to the same or any desired height.
For the purpose of reducing the friction a split or solid ring may be inserted on
the before inentioned tube or peg.
In cases where the spindle runs and attains a great speed it may be steadied by
increasing the length of the before inentioned boss or bearing.
To facilitate the stopping of the flyers or twisters when piecing or doffing, and
for steadying when running, I sometimes increase the size of the lower flange of
the wharve in a suitable and convenient form, the underside of the wharve always
acting as cap or cover for the oil cup.
In order that my Invention may be fully understood and readily carried into
operation, I will now proceed to describe the accompanying Drawings, reference
being made to the Figures and letters marked thereon.
Fig. 1 is a sectional elevation of one of my improved spindles; Fig. 2 is an
outside view of the same. A is a bolster with the oil reservoir or cup A¹ which is
fitted into the bolster rail B in the ordinary way, and is provided with the boss or
centre-bearing C of the requisite length. This boss is shewn to be cast to the cup
or reservoir A', but can be made separate of steel tubing or any suitable material,
and driven tight or screwed into it as may be desired; round this boss I cause the
wharve or pulley D to revolve, which is driven in the usual way by bands or other
equivalents from the ordinary tin cylinders. To this wharve or pulley is cast the

page_text: boss G to the upper end of which is attached the inverted flyer F, the lower end
extending to the bottom of the stationary oil cup or reservoir A¹ and when the
wharve D and tube or boss G revolve, becomes thus self-lubricating from the oil
supplied to the cup or reservoir A¹. It is not necessary that the boss G should be
cast to the wharve D, but may be a bush made of steel or other suitable metallic
material, and the wharve driven tight or screwed on.
The bolster A and boss or tube Č being hollow and bored to allow the spindle H
to pass through, the bobbin I being supported by the braid J on the upper part of
the spindle H above the bolster A. According to the requirements of the drag the
spindle H may be a stationary or dead spindle, or a live spindle, being left free to
revolve with the action of the yarn or thread on the bobbin, the drag being
adjusted by placing washer cloths between the braid J and the bottom of the
bobbin I, or by the bobbins being suitably bushed at top and bottom, or with a
metal bush or tube the length of the bobbin, the braid J being recessed to receive
bottom of bobbin tube or bush, and oil for the purpose of lubrication, as may be
required for the purpose of effecting and regulating the drag upon the bobbin I;
K is the footstep or travelling rail in which the footstep L is fixed for the
spindle H to revolve in, and is supported thereby when required to revolve.
When the spindle H is stationary it is fastened in the footstep L or in the
rail K. The up and down motion to the bobbins is effected by the travelling or
footstep rail K by ordinary means for building bobbins or cops.
Fig. 3 is an arrangement wherein I shorten the tube C and bolster A to the
required length, the hole H being made large enough for the bobbin I, cop, tube or
twisted material to pass through. In this case I dispense with the flyer legs, and
form or attach to the tube G the wharve D, and drive in the ordinary way from
tin cylinders, arranged for the purpose as may be desired or convenient. On the
upper edge of the revolving wharve D I attach the eye or curl F, made of suitable
material, for the yarn to pass through from the ordinary press rollers onto the
bobbin I.
The bolster A can be cast in the rail B, or made separately, as described in the
Drawings, being provided with the oil reservoir or cup A. The tube G, to which
is attached the wharve D, is so constructed that its lower part is made to revolve
in the reservoir A'. The inner boss or tube C forms the bolster round which the
tube G and wharve D revolves.
The bobbin is left to rotate with the action of the yarn on the dead spindle or
peg O, in which case the drag can be adjusted by having the braid J fixed thereon
to support the bobbin I, and by placing ordinary washer cloths between the bobbin
and braid, or by the bobbins being suitably bushed at top and bottom, or with a
metal bush or tube the length of the bobbin, the braid J being recessed to receive
bottom of bobbin tube or brush, and oil for the purpose of lubrication, as may be
required for the purpose of effecting and regulating the drag
In this case the dead spindle or peg O is held rigidly in the rail K by means of
a screw or other arrangement, by which rail the up and down motion is effected,
as in Figs. 1 and 2, the building and construction of the bobbins or cops being
effected by any ordinary copping motion applied to the travelling rail K.
If desired, to prevent the wharve D from lifting or flying off when revolving,
the tube is grooved immediately above it, in which is placed the spring
ring P.
Fig. 3 A shews an arrangement wherein the tube or bush C is made separately
from the bolster A, being driven on tight or screwed, as required.
Fig. is a plan of Fig. 3 A.
Fig. 5 is a sectional elevation of one of my improved modifications wherein is
used, instead of the inverted flyers, eyes or curls F, well-known equivalents, being
the rings and travellers used in ring frames; B is the stationary bolster rail in
which is fixed the bolster A and tube C. On the spindle II is fixed the tubo G
and wharve D, the inside being bored to fit and revolve round the boss or tube C
in the bolster A. The spindle H extends below the wharve D and tube G into the

page_text: bolster A, which is bored at the bottom to form a footstep for the spindle E to
revolve in, being driven by the wharve D by bands from ordinary tin cylinders.
To reduce the friction the spindle H may bear only a short distance from the
bottom in the footstep, the upper part of the tube C being bored slightly larger,
the bearing being formed outside the tube C by the inside of the tube G and
wharve D. A' is the oil reservoir in which the bottom end of the tube G revolves,
from the bottom of which is drilled the small hole a through boss C, by which
the footstep is oiled; or it can be effected by rifling the spindle H and boss C, by
which a continuous circulation and complete lubrication is obtained, the oil being
fed through the hole a. The bottom of the bobbin or tube sits on the tube G
above the wharve D, and fits the top of the spindle, being driven with the spindle
and wharve, the up and down motion being effected by the travelling rail W and
ring and traveller X, as in Fig. 8, the building of the bobbins or cops being
effected by any ordinary copping motion applied to the travelling or ring
rail W.
Fig. 6 is another of my improvements for ring spinning, and is similar to Fig. 5,
with the exception of the centre for the spindle being at the top of the tube C
instead of at the bottom. The spindle H is fastened to the tube G and wharve D
in the same way, and only projects a short distance into the spindle H, the end
being bored to fit on top of the centre R fixed in the boss C on which the spindle H
revolves with the wharve D and bush G. Tho bolster A is provided with the
oil reservoir A¹ and the tube C, round the outside of which the tube G and wharve D
revolve, the bobbin being supported and driven as in Fig. 5.
Fig. 7 is similar to Fig. 6, with the exception of the footstep V, which is at the
top of the tube C, in which the bottom of the spindle H revolves, the tube G and
wharve D being fixed to the spindle H and revolves round the outside of the tube C,
the bolster A being provided with the oil cup or reservoir A', in which the bottom
end of the tube G revolves for lubrication.
Fig. 8 is another arrangement, in which the bolster A is fixed in the stationary
rail B, and is provided with the peg or centre R, on which the spindle H revolves,
the latter being fastened to the tube G and wharve D. The spindle H extends
down to near the bottom of the oil cup or reservoir A³ and revolves in oil by which
the peg R is lubricated. The lower end of the spindle H is bored to fit the peg R, on
the top centre of which it revolves with the wharve D, tube G, bobbin or spool I,
and cup S. Immediately above the wharve D is mounted on the tube G the cup
or bell-mouthed receptacle S for the lower end of the spool or bobbin I to drop in,
the travelling rail W and the ring and traveller X being as usual.
Fig. 9 is an outside elevation of Fig. 8, with the bobbin or spool I removed.
Fig. 10 is an arrangement for overcoming the vibration when very high speeds
are required; the only difference between this and Fig. 8 is that the peg or centre R
is considerably longer, extending upwards nearer to the top of the spindle H, which
gives great stability to the spindle and its appendages. For reducing the friction,
which would be produced if the inside of the spindle H was to bear the full length
on the peg or centre R, I place near the top and bottom of the peg R in grooves
prepared for them the split or solid rings T, the outside of which is a little larger
than the diameter of the peg R, the spindle being bored to the outside diameter of
the rings T, thereby causing a cavity between the peg R and the inside of the
spindlo H. The peg R can if desired be substituted with a centre boss cast to the
bolster A and be provided with the rings T, and for the purpose of effecting
lubrication the oil reservoir A¹ can be provided with the bole (a) drilled
through the boss C and the peg R or spindle H rifled, as described and shewn in
Fig. 5.
It will be seen on examining the Drawings that in all cases the bottom flange of
the wharves D are made considerably larger in diameter than the top flanges, which
is utilized for the purpose of stopping the spindles by the attendant pressing
against them with the knee when necessary for the purpose of either "piecing
or "doffing," the underside of the bottom flange in all cases serving as a cap
"

page_text: or cover for the oil cup or reservoir A' to prevent dirt from getting in or the oil
escaping.
It is evident from the above that many advantages will accrue from this system,
such as greater facility in piecing, doffing without stoppage of the machine, greater
steadiness and increased speed, resulting in greater production.
Having thus stated the nature of my Invention, and described the mode of
performing the same. I would have it understood that I do not confine myself to
the precise details or configuration of the parts I have shewn and described, as the
same may be varied or modified without departing from the principle of my
Invention, but what I claim and desire to be secured to mo by Letters Patent
is,-
First. The respective combination of improved bolster, tube, and inverted flyer,
with the lubricating arrangements applied and operating substantially in the manner
described and as shewn on the Drawings in Figs. 1 and 2.
Second. The combination of the tube, wharve, and curl or twister and lubricating
arrangement, constructed and operating substantially in the manner described and
as shown in the Drawings in Figs. 3, 3A, and 4.
Third. The respective combination of parts forming the modifications of apparatus
wherein is used my improved construction and arrangements, the spindles being
attached to the tube G and wharve D and driven thereby, for supporting the
bobbins or spools, and being supported vertically from the top or bottom of the
centre-bearing in the bolster A, and laterally by the tube G and wharve D revolving
round the tube C, with the lubricating arrangement, constructed and operating
substantially as described and shewn on the annexed Drawings in Figs. 5 and 7.
Fourth. The use in spinning and doubling machinery, as herein set forth, of a
tubular spindle with a wharve and tube fixed on same for driving and supporting
the bobbins or spools revolving on a peg or centre fixed in the bolster, with the
lubricating arrangement applied and operating, substantially as described and as
shewn on the Drawings in Figs. 6, 8, 9, and 10.
Fifth. The construction and use of a peg or centre fixed in the bolster provided
with the rings T, round and on which the tubular spindle revolves, for the
purpose of reducing the friction, with the oiling or lubricating arrangement applied
and operating substantially as described and as shewn on the Drawings in
Fig. 10.
Sixth. The construction and use of the various modifications of apparatus for
spinning or like operations, consisting of the respective arrangements of my
improved spindles, inverted flyer and twister, together with the various modes of
supporting the saine, and lubricating arrangements applied and operating
substantially in the manner described and as shewn on the Drawings in Figs.
1 to 10.
In witness whereof, J, the said James Hodgkinson, have hereunto set my
hand and scal, this Twenty eigth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the
within named James Hodgkinson
in the presence of
EDMUND CHADWICK,
(Agent for the Petitioner),
30, Arrowsmith Terrace,
Bolton.
JAMES HODGKINSON. (L.S.)