Improvements in and connected with the Production of Patterns on Indigo-dyed Cotton Fabrios.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 6th Nov., 1894
4005
Od
4005
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and connected with the Production of Patterns on
Indigo-dyed Cotton Fabrios.
I. JOHN ALOYSIUS O'LOUGHLIN, of 7 Victoria Crescent, Busby, in.the County
of Lanark, North Britain, Manager of Print Works, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention to be as follows, that is to say :-
My said invention has for its object the producing of patterns on indigo-dyed
cotton fabrics in a better and, more economical manner than. heretofore. By this
invention I produce on indigo-dyed fabrics patterns in white, yellow, green, or
light-blue colors, or patterns in two or more of these colors.
In carrying out my invention according to one modification, I take the cotton
fabric in a grey or unbleached condition, and after doubling. it or combining two
plies by passing them together in a wet state between rollers I apply the dye. to
the outer faces in continuous indigo dyeing apparatus. In this process the cost of
bleaching is saved, and the cloth is not weakened as by ordinary bleaching
processes, whilst the colors of the patterns subsequently produced are, if anything,
more pleasing than upon bleached cotton. In the doubled-cloth dyeing process
indigo is economised. My further improvements are applicable to cotton fabrics
dyed with indigo in any of the ordinary ways, as well as to fabrics treated as
hereinbefore described.
On the indigo-dyed fabric I print a mixture of acetate, nitrate, and chromate
of lead; and, after drying, pass the fabric through a bath of sulphuric and oxalic
acids with some glycerine. After being washed the fabric is passed through a
weak alkaline solution, preferably of ammonia; and after being again washed the
fabric is "raised" by passing through a solution of chromate of soda or of potash,
the operations being completed by washing and drying, and producing a pattern in
yellow. Sufficient chromate of lead may be used in the process as herein before
described, to discharge the indigo with one passing through the acid bath; or if
less chromate of lead is used at first the fabric may be passed a second time
through the acid bath, alkaline bath, and chromate of soda or of potash bath.
Or the color with or without the chromate of lead may be printed on the indigo-
dyed fabric and raised by passing through a bath of chromate of soda or of potash,
the fabric being afterwards passed through the acid and alkaline baths, and after
washing, through the bath of chromate of soda or of potash. In this case the
color is used of a strength sufficient to complete the discharge of the indigo by
either one or two passings through the various baths.
Green is produced by adding Prussian blue to the yellow color. For white a
mixture of acetate and nitrate of lead is printed on the indigo-dyed fabric, with
sufficient chromate of lead to partly discharge the indigo on the fabric being
passed through the acid bath. Insoluble salts of lead are formed on the fabric
and produce a white pattern, the white being more opaque than what is obtained
by other processes. For light blue Prussian blue is used in the process described
for white. When blue or white or both are to be produced, the printed pattern
may be first treated with chromate of soda or of potash, and be subsequently passed
through the acid bath, and washed and dried.
Dated, this Fifth day of November 1894.
EDMUND HUNT,
Applicant's Agent.

page_text: Improvements in and connected with the Production of Patterns on
Indigo-dyed Cotton Fabrics.
I, JOHN ALOYSIUS O'LOUGHLIN, lately of 7 Victoria Crescent, Busby, in the
County of Lanark, North Britain, but now of Mayfield House, Mayfield, in the
County of Lancaster, Manager of Print Works, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement, that is to say :-
My said invention has for its object the producing of patterns on indigo-dyed
cotton fabrics in a better and more economical manner than heretofore. By this
invention I produce on indigo-dyed fabrics patterns in white, yellow, green, or
light-blue colors, or patterns in two or more of these colors.
In carrying out my invention according to one modification, 1 take the cotton
fabric in a grey or unbleached condition, and after doubling it or combining two
plies by passing them together in a wet state between rollers, I apply the dye to
the outer surfaces in continuous indigo dyeing apparatus. In this process the cost
of bleaching is saved, and the cloth is not weakened as by ordinary bleaching
processes, whilst the colors of the patterns subsequently produced are, if anything,
more pleasing than upon bleached cotton. In the doubled-cloth dyeing process
indigo is economised. My further improvements are applicable to cotton fabrics
dyed with indigo in any of the ordinary ways, as well as to fabrics treated as
herein before described.
On the indigo-dyed fabric I print a mixture of acetate, nitrate, and chromate of
lead, and, after drying pass the fabric through a bath of sulphuric and oxalic acids
with some glycerine. After being washed the fabric is passed through a weak
alkaline solution, preferably of ammonia; and after being again washed the fabric
is "raised” by passing through a solution of chromate of soda or of potash, the
operations being completed by washing and drying, and producing a pattern in
yellow. The mixture for printing on the pattern may be made up of about the
following ingredients.
1 gall. gum tragacanth solution
(strength 1b. per gall.)
4 lb. nitrate of lead.
4 lb. acetate of lead.
gall. chromate of lead paste
(strength 50 per cent. chromate).
Sufficient chromate of lead may be used in the process as hereinbefore described,
to discharge the indigo with one passing through the acid bath; or if less
chromate of lead is used at first the fabric may be passed a second time through
the acid bath, alkaline bath, and chromate of soda or of potash bath.
Or the color with or without the chromate of lead may be printed on the
indigo-dyed fabric and raised by passing through a bath of chromate of soda or
of potash, the fabric being afterwards passed through the acid and alkaline baths,
and, after washing, through the bath of chromate of soda or of potash. In this
case the color is used of a strength sufficient to complete the discharge of the
indigo by either one or two passings through the various baths.
Green is produced by adding Prussiau blue to the mixture for yellow; about
one part of Prussian-blue paste (strength 50 per cent.) to two or three parts of the
yellow color.

page_text: fabric being passed through the acid bath. Insoluble salts of lead are formed on
the fabric and produce a white pattern, the white being more opaque than what
is obtained by other processes.
For light blue, Prussian blue is used in the process described for white; about
one part of Prussian-blue paste (strength 50 per cent.) being used with five parts
chromate of potash paste (strength 2 lb. per gall.). When blue or white or
both are to be produced the printed pattern may be first treated with chromate
of soda or of potash, and be subsequently passed through the acid bath, and be
washed and dried.
A suitable acid bath to be used as hereinbefore described consists of about.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what [
claim is:-
1. The production of patterns on indigo-dyed cotton fabrics by the improved
processes hereinbefore described.
2. Printing with a combination of chromate of lead with other lead salts, and
passing the printed fabric through an acid bath and through an ammoniacal
bath, substantially as herein before described.
3. Passing the fabric subjected to the processes forming the subject matter
of the second claim, a second time through acid and ammoniacal baths and
subsequently through a bath of chromate of potash or of soda substantially as
hereinbefore described.
4. The combinations of processes for producing yellow, green, white, or blue
patterns on indigo-dyed cotton fabrics substantially as hereinbefore described.
Dated this Thirty-first day of July 1895.
EDMUND HUNT,
Applicant's Agent.