IMPROVED MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING BRICKS, TILES, AND SIMILAR BUILDING MATERIALS WHICH IS HEREBY DENOMINATED THE COMPLETE BRICKMAKER
Year: 1852

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Fordham Stanford, of Stangate Street,
Dover, in the County of Kent, Architect and Civil Engineer, for
the Invention of "IMPROVED MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR
MANUFACTURING BRICKS, TILES, AND SIMILAR BUILDING MATERIALS
WHICH IS HEREBY DENOMINATED THE COMPLETE BRICKMAKER.'
"
Sealed the 30th March 1853, and dated the 1st October 1852.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Fordham
Stanford, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 1st October 1852.
I, JOHN FORDHAM STANFORD, of Stangate Street, Dover, in the
County of Kent, Architect, and Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY AND APPARATUS
POR MANUFACTURING BRICKS, TILES, AND SIMILAR BUILDING MATERIALS,
WHICH IS HEREBY DENOMINATED THE COMPLETE BRICKMAKER,' to be as
follows, viz.
I first prepare a frame mounted on four wheels, to render it loco-
motive. On the top of this frame I put a hopper to receive the earth
for making the bricks, &c.; and at the bottom of said hopper I
place two corrugated or other rollers parallel to each other, and with

page_text: a small space between, through which the earth passes downwards, and
is crushed between said rollers. I have a pug mill, into which the
earth descends, such pug mill tapering downwards and curving at the
lower part to adjust it to the moulds. Within said pug mill is a screw
cutter. By these means I procure the earth to be well masticated,
amassed together, and compressed into the moulds, which are very
necessary and essential operations in making bricks. I also have a
number of moulds on a wheel, which, in revolving, pass through
the bottom of the pug mill, whereby they receive their charge of earth;
and I level the top of such charge either by a striker or roller as I
think fit. I construct said moulds with a moveable bottoms, which per-
form the offices of ejecting the bricks, &c. from the moulds, and
cleansing and scraping the moulds; and I have a falling pallet to receive
the bricks, &c. as they are ejected from the moulds, and which I cause
so to descend and turn as to place the bricks &c. on a pallet board
affixed on an endless chain or band, by which I cause the bricks, &c.
to be conveyed from the machine into or along the field. I sand the
said moulds by having a sand box affixed to said machine, from which
a tube or pipe in a descending incline carries the sand into a perforated
rosehead, which I cause to revolve rapidly over the said moulds just at
the time the mould is in the most desirable position, by which the sand
is discharged into the moulds in such quantity as may be desired. And
I move all the said mechanical appliances for making bricks, &c. by
means, of steam, horse, or other power.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Fordham Stanford in the Great Seal Patent
Office, on the 1st April 1853.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
JOHN FORDHAM STANFORD, of Stangate Street, Dover, in the County
of Kent, Architect and Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the First day of October, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-two, in the sixteenth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and

page_text: grant unto the said John Fordham Stanford Her special licence that
I, the said John Fordham Stanford, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said John Fordham Stanford, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVED
MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING BRICKS, TILES, AND
SIMILAR BUILDING MATERIALS, WHICH IS HEREBY DENOMINATED
THE
COMPLETE BRICKMAKER,' upon the condition (amongst others) that
I, the said John Fordham Stanford, by an instrument in writing
under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
"
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Fordham Stanford, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement.
The nature of my said Invention I declare to be as follows, viz. On
a frame, which may be mounted on wheels to render it locomotive, I put
a hopper to receive the earth for making the bricks, &c.; and at the
bottom of said hopper I place two corrugated or other rollers parallel
to each other, and with a small space between, through which the
earth passes downwards, and is crushed between said rollers. I have
also a pug mill, into which the earth descends, such pug mill tapering
downwards and curving at the lower part to adjust it to the moulds;
within said pug mill is a screw cutter; and by these means I procure
the earth to be well masticated, amassed together, and compressed into
the moulds, which are very necessary and essential operations in making
bricks. I also have a number of moulds on a wheel, which, in revolving,
pass through the bottom of the pug mill, whereby they receive the
charge of earth, and I level the top of such charge either by a striker
or roller as I think fit. I construct said moulds with a removable

page_text: bottom, which performs the offices of ejecting the bricks, &c. from the
moulds, and cleansing and scraping the moulds; and I have a falling
pallet to receive the bricks as they are ejected from the mould, and
which is caused so to descend and turn as to place the bricks, &c. on
a pallet board affixed on an endless band or chain, to be conveyed from
the machine into or along the field. I sand the said moulds by having
a sand box aflixed to the said machine, from which a tube or pipe in a
descending incline carries the sand into a perforated rosehead, which I
cause to revolve rapidly close over the moulds just at the time. the
mould is in the most desirable position, by which the sand is discharged
into the moulds in such quantity as may be desired. And I move all the
said mechanical appliances for making bricks, &c. by means of steam,"
horse, or other power.
And for the better ascertaining of the nature of my said Invention,
and especially in what manner the same is to be performed, I have an-
nexed a sheet of illustrative drawings hereunto, which I now proceed to
describe in the words, letters, and figures following that is to say:
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1, is a plan taken at R, R, R, Fig. 2; Fig. 2, is a section from
A, to B, Fig. 1; Fig. 3, is a view of the back of machine, with the
sand box removed; Fig. 4, is a plan of the top of machine, looking
downwards.
I construct a frame set on a sole plate, as shown in Fig. 1, 2, and 3,
marked 2, 2, λ, On the top of said frame I put a hopper A, A, A,
&c., Fig. 2, 3, and 4, to receive the earth from the dredgers B, B,
Fig. 2. I then place corrugated rollers c, c, c, c, as shewn in Figs. 2, 3,
and 4, at the bottom of said hopper, to grind the clay; and to prevent
damage to machinery from small stones, &c., I place two springs at the
back of the bearings of the roller X, Fig. 4, which, yielding to the
pressure, allows any small stone, &c. to pass; but if too large the band
on the drum D, Figs. 3, 4, will slip, and thus prevent accidents.
then put a pug mill under said rollers, to receive and further amal-
gamate the earth, as shewn by Figs. 1, 2, and 3, supported by bearing
plates, as at E, E, Fig. 3, and I provide an upright shaft in the usual
way for the pug mill, but I place the knives in the form of a spiral, as
I

page_text: shown by the dotted lines at F, in Fig. 2, the knives being wider than
usual, and placed at an angle with the horizontal line, by which means
the earth is compressed down to the bottom of the pug mill G, and into
the moulds H, H, Fig. 2. I then provide brick moulds, which I fix on
the periphery of a wheel or drum H, H, Fig. 2, and I make the bottoms
of the moulds moveable, and attached to the bottom of the opposite
mould by a rod, Fig. 2, for the purpose of ejecting the bricks from
the moulds. I also leave a small space or interstice between the
bottoms of said moulds and the frame thereof, to allow air or water to
escape, and to admit air; and I fix an eccentric rib K, K, Figs. 1, and 2,
and I put a projecting rod through the connecting rods of the mould,
as at L, L, with a small roller on each end, which, acting on the eccentric
ribs, causes the bottom of the mould to rise, and force out the bricks.
I also construct a table M, Fig. 2, to receive the bricks as they are
ejected, and hang the same on a guide N, N, N, with a balance, as
shewn (N, Fig. 2), which ascends of itself after discharging the brick,
and folding downwards in connected parts, as shown by Figs. 5, and 6,
that portion next the moulds receives the brick at O, and is caused to
descend with the brick, and to recede from the mould as the brick is thrust
out by the rollers L, L, acting on the arm P, as shewn lines in Fig. 2,
which is connected with the guide N, and with the frame under the
falling table receives the rollers L, L, and descends with them after the
rising of the table; and by putting stops at Q, the table taking them in.
its descent immediately turns outwards, and thereby the brick is deposited
on the pallet board R, which I have attached to a chain by means of
two hook staples on the under side thereof, one of which is longer than the
other, whereby it is easily attached and detached at pleasure like a shifting
bar; and I cause said chain to pass over two hexagonal or other polygonal
drums or revolving frames; and by giving motion to all such parts by
means of a wheel S, connecting it with the spindle wheel on the power
shaft at S, Fig. 1, and the connecting wheels T, W, X, X, I cause the
bricks to be carried along or across the field. I also sand the moulds,
by having a sand box at Y, Y, Figure 1, and 2, with a tube therefrom,
as shewn in Fig. 2, at Z, with a perforated rose or nozzle at the end
thereof, and by having a vulcanized india-rubber band brought round

page_text: said pipe at A¹, Fig. 2, and by having an elastic piece of metal or
wood affixed to the under side of the said box, and passing beyond the
driving shaft of drum, and attaching same to sand pipe, with a cord
passing several times round the same, and with a small iron or wooden
arm attached to said power shaft in such manner as to cause such
rod or arm to raise or depress said elastic metal or wood so affixed, and
by suddenly leaving it to descend or ascend, the said pipe is suddenly
turned round, and the sand is thereby discharged into the moulds in
such quantity as may be desired. I also pass a roller A, Fig. 2, or
striker, attached to the pug mill, and running on the moulds, for the
purpose of further compressing the earth into the moulds; and I put a
scraper thereto instead of said roller, if I see fit. I also have a dredging
apparatus, as shewn at B, B, Fig. 2, for the purpose of supplying the
brick earth to the hopper, with a tray at the bottom, as shewn in
Fig. 2 the whole attached to the hopper in manner similar to
Fig. 2.
I connect my power shaft, by means of bands and drum wheels, with
the corrugated rollers and dredging apparatus, as shewn by the drum
wheels marked d, D, Fig. 3, and with the pug mill by the wheels, &c.,
marked 7, 7, Fig. 3.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, and further declare that I do not
claim in respect thereto the mechanical details of the machinery or
apparatus herein described, which might be varied in several unimportant
particulars, except when the same are employed for the purposes of
said Invention, the nature and character whereof is herein-before set
forth and described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Fordham Stanford, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this First day of April, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.
JOHN FORDHAM STANFORD. (L.S.)
Signed and Sealed in my presence,
F. W. CAMPIN.
Patent Agent, Strand.