AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF WRENCHES, AND IN MACHINERY CONNECTED WITH THE SAME
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Aury Gates Coes, of the City and County of
Worcester, and State of Massachusetts, United States of America,
for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF WRENCHES, AND
IN MACHINERY CONNECTED WITH THE SAME."
"
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Aury Gates Coes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and
Declaration, on the 1st February 1870, pursuant to the 9th Section
of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, AURY
GATES Cors, of the City and County of Worcester and State of
Massachusetts, United States of America, send greeting.
WHEREAS I am in the possession of an Invention for "AN IMPROVED:
MANUFACTURE OF WRENCHES, AND IN MACHINERY CONNECTED WITH THE SAME,"

page_text: and have petitioned Her Majesty to grant unto me, my exccutors,
administrators, and assigns, Her Royal Letters Patent for the same,
and have made solemn Declaration that I am the first and true Inventor
of said Invention.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Aury Gates Cocs, do hereby declaro
that the following Complete Specification, under my hand and seal,
fully describes and ascertains the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, in and by the following
statement:-
L
The improvements, in wrenches herein described are based upon a
class now in extensive use, known as
" screw wrenches," which consist
briefly of a stationary end jaw, making part of an attenuated bar upon
which the movable jaw slides to and fro thereof with respect to the
stationary jaw, the movements of said movable jaw being effected by
means of a screw which passes through it, and is pivoted or connected to
the lower part of the bar, and stepped within a suitable bearing applied
thereto to prevent its displacement.
'
30 A particular form of wrench as herein embodied is that known as the
Cocswrencli, and such portion of the accompanying Drawings as
illustrate this the first part of my Invention, consist of Figures 1 and 2,
which are longitudinal sections of the wrench.
be
'
The first portion of my present Invention relates to means for confining
in a simple manner the movable jaw of a wrench (through the medium
of its screw and the step-of the latter) to the bar of the stationary jaw
and its connection with tho handle of the implement, whereby great
aicans of strength are obtained to resist the pressure or strain exerted
upon the movable jaw as well as to prevent loosening or.misplacement
of any of the parts. And this portion of the Invention consists, first, in
forming a solid and unyielding metallic connection between the step of
the movable jaw screw or the support of such step and the stationary
jaw bar, by means of a notch and lip, whereby any tendency of such
screw or its support to cither oblique or longitudinal misplacement is
effectually guarded against; and, secondly, the Invention relates to the
form of the lip in relation to its supporting sleeve, and in combination
with the handle of the implement, whereby the latter or an equivalent
substitute therefor prevents lateral movement of the lip, thus forming a

page_text: barrier against longitudinal misplacement of the screw while the handle
in its turn insures the proper position of the lip within its notch or
socket.
In the Drawings accompanying this Specification and which illustrate
my Invention, as seen in its first portion, A represents the stationary jaw;
B, the bar of such jaw; and O, the shank thereof; D, the movable jaw;
E, the screw by which the movable jaw is operated; and F, the handle
of one of the well known “Coes' wrenches” before mentioned as being
the one upon which these improvements are based.
In carrying out the first portion of my Invention I step the inner
extremity of the screw E or the milled head formed thereupon in a
block G encompassing and fitting tightly to the shank O of the stationary
jaw B, such union preventing any oblique movements between the two.
To secure the block G securely in place upon the shank and enable it to
withstand the pressure brought upon it by the screw without misplace-
ment of itself or injury to any of the contiguous parts of the instrument,
I cut in one side of the said shank (and preferably the upper one), as
shown in the accompanying Drawings, and immediately in rear of the
block, a notch or groove a, and I mount upon the shank and abutting
> closely against the block a ferrule or sleeve II. The ferrule as shown in
Figure 3 of the accompanying Drawings is formed at its enter end with
an inwardly projecting annular lip b, the opening c of such lip being
eccentric with respect to the end of the ferrule in order that when the
latter is finally fixed in position upon the shank C and concentric or
5. thereabouts with such shank the longer portion of such lip shall extend
tightly in the groove or notch a of the shank, the notch thus serving as
an unyielding abutment to prevent slipping of the ferrule and the block
upon the shank. The handle of the wrench as shown at F in the
Drawings is composed preferably of wood, and has a hole d bored axially
) through it to receive and tightly enclose the shank of the jaw bar which
extends through it, the outer end of the said shank being provided with a
nut to screw tightly against the end of the handle to hold it securely in
proper position, it being understood and will be seen by referring to the
accompanying Drawings that the inner end of the handle F is inserted
5 within the ferrulo H after the latter has been fixed in position upon the
shank C, thereby wedging and securing the ferrule concentrically upon
said shank, thus serving to prevent lateral slipping of the ferrule upon

page_text: the shank, and insuring the fixture of the former in the notch of the
latter.
Figure 2 of the accompanying Drawings shows a modification of this
portion of the Invention in which the step or block G and ferrule H
are in one homogeneous piece of metal, the lip bas before described
being dispensed with and the block taking its place. In this case the
area of the notch is enlarged and the entire width of the block extends
into it.
It is obvious that various modifications may be made in the carrying
out of this portion of my Invention without affecting its characteristic
feature which, as before observed, consists in providing a metallic joint
or connection between the supports of the screw of the movable jaw and
the bar or shank of the stationary jaw of a wrench, minor conditions of
this portion of the Invention being tho insuring of the proper union of
such parts by means of the handle or its equivalent substitute.
The second portion of my Invention is represented in Figures 1*, 2*,
and 3* of the accompanying Drawings, the first of which is a perspective
representation and the two latter sections of a wrench or portions
thereof, and has reference first to the reduction of the size of the bar in
one direction whereby lightness is secured; &, secondly, to the peculiar
arrangement of the step of the screw and of the nut which confines such
step in place, by which economy in manufacture and finish in appearance:
arc sccured.
In carrying out the second portion of my Invention I first reduce its
bar A upon cach side, as represented in the Drawings at a, a, and,
secondly, I produce the ferrule E in two parts, the upper one, c, or that
abutting against the lower end of the bar of the wrench or a shoulder.
formed thereupon, being cylindrical in cross section and milled upon its
its periphery, in order to serve as a means whereby to screw it upon the
shank, and the lower portion, or that denoted by the letter e, being also
cylindrical in order to correspond to the end of the handle G, which
should preferably extend a short distance into it. This portion e of the
ferrule may or may not be screwed upon the shank, and the extreme
lower end of the shank should be provided with a screw, upon which
a screw or nut is screwed to secure the handle firmly in place. A
ferrule made as described will be found to answer all the useful purposes
of any heretofore made, while it is susceptible of being produced with a
g

page_text: high degree of finish and at very small cost. The reduction of the bar
upon its sides as explained although apparently trifling is nevertheless a
matter of considerable importance.
The third and last portion of my Invention is shown in Figures 4, 5,
6, and 7 of the accompanying Drawings; Figure 4 being a plan, Figure 5
a front elevation, Figure 6 a vertical and transverse section, and
Figure 7 a vertical, central, and longitudinal section of a machine which
I have invented for sharpening the teeth of fluted cutters employed in
the manufacture of wrenches.
This third and last portion of my Invention consists, first, in the
adoption of a headstock mounted upon a suitable frame or standard, and
provided with an arbor carrying an emery wheel or grindstone very
much after the manner of ordinary turning lathes, the cutter to be
ground being supported upon a traveling reciprocating carriage disposed
5 below such emery wheel, whereby the wheel is caused to traverse in
opposite directions the cutting edge of cach tooth of the cutters, minor
conditions of the Invention, consisting in a means of regulating the
height of the carriage and consequently of the cutter, with respect to
the wheel as well as the horizontal adjustment of the same, and of
producing an endwise reciprocation of the arbor and wheel in order to
obviate uneven wear and scoring of the latter and the teeth of the
cutter, a guiding stop or abutment being combined with the travelling
carriage in order to insure the proper position of the cutter, the whole
being as hercin-after explained.
The Drawings which accompany this Specification represent in
Figures 1, 5, 6, and 7 before mentioned a machine as composed first of a
headstock A mounted upon a suitable standard or table B and provided
with an arbor O, such arbor at its working end being provided with an
emery wheel or grindstone c, such constituent parts being constructed and
O arranged in manner similar to like parts in turning lathes of ordinary
manufacture with the exception that the length of the journals of the
arbor is somewhat in excess of that of the bearings which enclose them in
order to permit of end on movements of such arbor as herein-after
explained.
In pursucance of the third portion of my Invention I apply to the front
of the headstock A and below the sharpening wheel c in alignment with
its path of revolution and at right angles to the axis of the arbor two

page_text: с
parallel guides or ways d, d, and upon such ways I mount a sliding
carriage or rest e, the necessary lateral reciprocations of such carriage
thereupon being effected by means of a rack fand pinion g, the former
being affixed to the under side of the carriage platform and the latter to
a horizontal shaft / disposed below such platform in axial alignment or
thereabouts with the arbor c before mentioned, the said shaft revolving
in a bearing or bracket i made within or affixed to one of the ways d.
Revolution of the shaft h in cither direction will of course produce corre-
sponding rectilinear movements of the carriages e in the same direction.
The ways d, d, are affixed to the machine standard B in an adjustable
manner by means of slats a² and bolts &' in order that a feed motion may
be obtained toward or away from the sharpening wheel, such feeding in
the present instance being effected by screws j, j, passing through cars
k, k, formed in the machine frame. The vertical adjustment of the
carriage permits of the introduction of cutters of varying diameter to the
machine and also is the means whereby the effect of variations in length
of the teeth, should any occur, is overcome, since it frequently happens
that one tooth is of somewhat different length than its neighbor, and
but for some means of compensating for this difference thic sharpening
stone would bear with too much friction upon the long tooth, or would
entirely pass over without touching the short one. 1, 2, in the accom-
panying Drawings represent two standards or posts, each provided with
an upright groove m opening upward, these posts being crected upon
the top of the platform of the carriage e and upon opposite sides of its
centre, the intervening space being of more than sufficient extent to
receive the longest cutter which may be subjected to the action of the
machine. To the standards 7, l, I swivel in a suitable manner two forked
bars n, n, upon the top of which the journals o, o, of the cutter mandril p
rest, such bars supporting and effecting the vertical adjustment of such
mandril while the grooved posts maintain the proper lateral position of it.
The front and free extremity of each forked bar n is upheld by a screw q
passing downward through it and resting upon the top of the carriage
platform, hence it will be apparent that by the aid of these screws and
bars the horizontal adjustment of the mandril and cutter is secured, since
it becomes necessary to vary this horizontal position of the mandril or its
parallelism with respect to the upper surface of the carriage platform
and its supporting ways in order to adapt the machine to cutters of a
tapering or fustro-conical outline.

page_text: We have now seen how the vertical feeding or adjustment of the ways
is effected and also the horizontal adjustment of the cutter, mandril. in
relation to the carriage platform which carries it, and; in' pursuance of
my Invention it becomes necessary.to provide a means of insuring the
proper position of each tooth in its turn below the sharpening wheel in
order that the periphery of the wheel shall bear firmly upon its cutting
edge while making a traverse of it. To this end I erect upon the front
part of the outer way da standard or post r, and to, the upper part of
this post I attach with an adjustable connection a bracket 8, and to the
upper surface of the shaft t of such bracket I mount a movable stop plate
or abutment #, the union of the two being effected by a bolt passing.
through a slot to made in the plate and screwing into the shelf, by which
means the recession or approach of the plate with respect to the cutter.
may bo varied and determined according to the width of the sharpening
wheel and its action upon the teeth of the cutter. To insure contact
of a tooth of the cutter with the guiding plate u I apply to the outer
extremity of one of the journals of the mandril p a belt or chain or
equivalent object y, such belt being passed once or twice about the
journal and having a weight x affixed to its opposite and pendent end
the gravity of the weight tending to revolve the mandril and cutter in a
direction toward the stop, and as a necessary result serving to hold
tightly to it the tooth of the cutter which may at the time be impinging
against it. The variable attachment of the guide plate u to its point of
support enables me to graduate its position relatively to the sharpening
wheel, hence I am enabled to insure the contact of the two in such
respective positions as to secure a uniform wear upon the wheel according
to the width of its periphery and to obtain the best results in other
respects. The guiding plato or its equivalent becomes an important
feature of the machine in case a cutter is to be sharpened whose teeth aro
placed obliquely to its axis, as, but for this stop or its equivalent tho
sharpening wheel would leave the face of the tooth at some point in its
length unless the width of the wheel were of sufficient extent to cover
the extreme variations of the departure of the tooth from a line parallel
to the axis of the cutter should such cutter travel in union with or in the
same path as the carriage e.

page_text: of more importance, the action of the wheel upon the cutting edge of
the tooth would not be as favorable owing to a change in its angle of
cut upon such tooth between the two ends of the latter. Therefore,
as above observed, the guiding plate becomes an important if not an
indispensable feature of my Invention.
To provide against creasing of the sharpening wheel and consequently
of the cutting face of the cutting teeth which, as mechanics will
understand, would ensuc did such wheel travel at all times in the same
path of revolution, I mount a short horizontal shaft c¹ in bearings ƒ', g',
erected upon the tablet of the machine frame in in rear of the headstock
and in longitudinal alignment with its arbor C, such shaft e¹ being
slowly revolved by a belt travelling about a pully 7 affixed to it.
The forward part of the said shaft e' carries a cam i to produce endwisc
reciprocations of the arbor C and of the sharpening stone, such endwisc
movement being produced by extending the cam into the channel of a
grooved wheel mounted upon the rear extremity of the outer journal
of the arbor. The pinion shaft should be supplied with a winch or
crank by which to rotate it in either direction.
In operating with the said machine the cutter mandril is to be removed
from its supports and the cutter slipped upon it, the mandril being
supplied with a nut and screw thread for securing such cutter in
place thereupon, which being done the mandril is returned to its bearing.
The sharpening wheel is then put in rapid revolution, and the workman
scizing the crank with his right hand revolves the pinion in such a
direction as to produce a traverse movement of the carriage e below
the sharpening wheel, which brings the latter in coincidence and
contact with the teeth of the cutters and effects the reduction of such
faces to an even and sharp cutting edge. The transverse movement of
the carriage e should be continued until the cutter has been carried
entirely beyond the reach of the sharpening wheel and of the guiding
stop, when such cutter is to be revolved to the extent of one tooth and
retracted to its starting point, which subjects the next successive tootli
to the action of the reducing wheel, these movements being repeated
until the teeth of the cutire cutter have been acted upon, when such
cutter is to be removed and a new one substituted.
I claim the herein-before described improvements in the manufacture
of wrenches and machinery relating to the same, or any changes, modifi-

page_text: cations, or improvements in the same embracing the general ideas or
accomplishing substantially like results.
..!
In witness whereof, I, the said Aury Gates Coes, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this 28th day of December, in the
Lord 1869.
year of our