Improvements in Breech-loading Small Arms.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 10th Feb., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 10th Nov., 1891-Accepted, 12th Dec., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Breech-loading Small Arms.
I, PAUL MAUSER, of Oberndorf on the Neckar, in the Kingdom of Wurttem-
berg and Empire of Germany, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
The invention has for its object improvements in the extractor mechanism of
breech-loading bolt guns, and relates to that class of extractor which is held
stationary in relation to the cartridge, whilst the bolt carrying such extractor is, as
usual, capable of turning through a quarter revolution, or thereabouts, for the
purpose of locking and unlocking the same.
In carrying my invention into effect, I form around the bolt, at a distance of
about an inch more or less to the rear of the locking lugs, an annular groove or
recess to receive a divided ring provided with a pair of perforated lugs or ears to
receive a screw pin for connecting the extractor arm to such ring. The lug or
projection of the extractor arm, through which passes the screw pin which connects
the same with the ring, is received into a groove milled in the annular recess for
the ring, and such groove extends about a quarter of the circumference of the bolt
to permit of the motion of the latter independently of the extractor.
The extractor arm extends considerably to the rear of its carrying ring, and its
tail end works to and fro in a groove formed in the body of the gun and opening
out from the space in which the bolt moves, by which means the required stability
is obtained in the extractor.
The front of the said arm has the extractor claw formed thereon, or it is shaped
to fit and bear on a separate extractor claw; in the former case the arm may be
shaped to fit the front, back, and outer surface of one of the locking lugs at the bolt
head, and yet pass freely over the same, or the extractor arm may be of the same
thickness from the extractor claw to beyond the rear of the said locking lug, over
which it passes freely; in this latter case the extractor claw is made to fit a groove
and projection formed around a portion of the circumference of the bolt in front of
the locking lug and also to fit against the front of the latter. When forming the
extractor claw separate from the extractor arm, the coacting portions of the
extractor arm and claw are made with an interfitting groove and projection, so as
securely to lock such parts together, and to thereby enable the extractor arm to
hold the extractor claw to its bearings, which latter are similar to those of the
modification last above described.
The extractor claw is placed on the horizontal axis of the arm, or it may be a
little lower, so that the cartridge, on being pushed up into position for charging the
gun, is infallibly seized and held firm by the extractor claw.
In the last two described modifications, the extractor, by being fitted to bearings
in front of the locking lug, the possibility of its being forced outwards by the strain
sometimes caused in extracting a cartridge is considerably lessened, as said bearings
support the extractor close up to its work.
Dated this 10th 1 of 1001
PAUL MAUSER.
By Harris & Mills,
23, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Breech-loading Small Arms.
1, PAUL MAUSER, of Oberndorf on the Neckar, in the Kingdom of Württem-
berg and Empire of Germany, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The invention has for its object improvements in the extractor mechanism of
breech loading bolt guns, and relates to that class of extractor which is held
stationary in relation to the cartridge, whilst the bolt carrying such extractor is as
usual capable of turning through a quarter revolution or thereabouts for the purpose
of locking and unlocking the same.
In describing more particularly how my invention is to be performed I refer
to the accompanying drawing, in which similar letters of reference indicate
like parts.
Figure 1 is a plan view of a bolt with the new extractor in the closed position.
Figure 2 is a side elevation thereof.
Figure 3 is a side elevation of the extractor separated from the bolt, looking
towards its inner side.
Figure 4 is a cross section on the line 4-4 of Figure 1, showing the bolt
turned 90°.
Figure 5 is a front view of this bolt and extractor in the open position.
Figure 6 is a cross section on the line 6-6 of Figure 2.
Figure 7 is a cross section on the line 7-7 in Figure 2.
In carrying my invention into effect I form around the bolt a, at a distance of
about an inch more or less to the rear of the locking lugs a' a², an annular groove
or recess a³ to receive a divided ring provided with a pair of perforated lugs or
ears to receive a screw pin for connecting the extractor arm f to such ring.
The lug or projection of the extractor arm through which passes the screw
pin is received into a groove a milled in the annular recess a³ for the ring b and
such groove a extends (see Figure 6) about a quarter of the circumference of
the bolt a to permit of the motion of the latter independently of the extractor f
The arm of the extractor f extends considerably to the rear of its carrying ring ↳
and its tail end bears against the cylindrical wall of the bolt a and works to and
fro in a groove formed as usual in the breech-case or body of the gun and opening
out from the space in which the bolt a moves, by which means the required stability.
is obtained in the extractor. This last mentioned groove is that usually provided
in the breech-case to receive also the locking projection a' as the bolt a is slid back
and forth.
The front of the said extractor has the extractor-claw' formed thereon or it
is shaped to fit and bear on a separate extractor claw. In the former case the
extractor may be shaped to fit the front, back and outer surface of one of the
locking lugs a' at the bolt head and yet pass freely over the same, or the extractor f
may be of the same thickness from the extractor-claw to beyond the rear of the
said locking lug a' over which it passes freely. To sustain the extractor fin this
case against the horizontal pull exerted by the extractor-claw fl in extracting a
shell, the front portion of the extractor in the rear of the claw f¹ is provided on its
inner side with a projecting cross-rib f fitting into a corresponding groove c
(Figures 2 and 7) in the bolt a in front of the locking projection a', which latter is
sufficiently cut away in front to make room for the said rib f. The groove c is
formed around a suitable portion of the circumference of the bolt a to allow the
latter to be freely turned for locking and unlocking. Providing the extractor f
with the said rib f2 fitting the groove c of the bolt a in front of the projection a¹
considerably lessens the possibility of its being forced outwards by the strain caused
in extracting a shell, as this arrangement supports the extractor / close up to
its work.

page_text: When forming the extractor-claw f' separate from the extractor f the co-acting
portions of the latter are made with an interfitting groove and projection so as
securely to lock the parts together and to thereby enable the extractor to hold the
extractor-claw to its bearings which latter are similar to those of the arrangement
last above described.
The extractor-claw f' is placed on the horizontal axis of the extractor f, or it
may be a little lower, so that the cartridge on being pushed up through the gap
(see Figure 5) in the projecting rim of the recess i in the forward end of the bolt u
into position for charging the gun is infallibly seized and held firmly by the
extractor-claw f¹. By these means the shell or cartridge is also prevented from
accidentally slipping downwards again.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
b
1. The combination with an oscillating bolt a having a recoil-projection a¹ and a
groove e near its front end, and constructed rearwardly of said projection with an
annular groove a surrounding it, of a ring engaging said annular groove a³ in
the bolt, and a shell or cartridge-extractor consisting of a flat metal body
provided on its front end with a claw f', having a cross rib engaging with
said groove c of the bolt a constructed near its rear end with a tail-piece bearing
against the bolt and having a hook f³ on its inner side engaging with said ring b,
whereby the extractor fis kept in connection with the bolt a in such manner that
the latter is free to be turned for closing and opening the breech independently of
the extractor, whilst the extractor, guided by a horizontal groove of the breech
case, is compelled to follow all the to and fro motions of the bolt.
2. The combination with a bolt a having the recoil projections a' a' at its front
end, and at a distance to the rear of them an annular groove b formed around it, of
a shell-extractor f consisting of a flat steel body provided at its front end with a
claw and a cross-rib f2, fitting a suitable annular groove c of the bolt a, at its
rear end with a tail piece bearing against the bolt a and with a hook" on its under
side, which by being connected with a ring b, moving in the annular groove a³ of
the bolt keeps the extractor fin connection with the bolt a in such manner that the
latter is free to be turned through about 90 degrees for closing and opening the
breech independently of the extractor, whilst the extractor guided by a horizontal
groove of the breech-case, is compelled to follow all the to and fro motions of
the bolt.
3. The combination of an extractor as described and claimed by Claim 2 with
a bolt a having the projecting rim of the recess i in the forward end of the bolt cut
sufficiently away to admit from below, the bottom-portion of the shell or cartridge
for the purpose explained.
Dated November 10th 1891.
Dated November 10th 1891.
PAUL MAUSER.
By Harris & Mills,
23, Southampton Buildings, London, Agents.