Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application (in United Kingdom), 30th Dec., 1899
Complete Specification Left, 25th Sept., 1900-Accepted, 15th Dec., 1900;
I, AUGUST FROYCK, of Kullagatan 31, Helsingborg, Sweden, Chemical
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
-
Among the different methods of mechanically working a melted mass of glass,
pressing is at the same time the simplest and speediest. It has, however,
several inconveniences, which those engaged in the glass industry have long
desired to get rid of. These inconveniences are chiefly:
1) that several independent objects cannot advantageously be produced at the
same time, since the objects must be separated from one another afterwards by
operations that make the process dearer, such as grinding, cutting, etc.
2) that on account of the comparatively long time during which the object
is in contact with the mould before stiffening, the surface of the object becomes
coarse and rough. This fault can be removed only by heating, in which pro-
cess breakages easily occur.
These inconveniences contribute to make the pressed articles, as hitherto made,
especially small objects, too expensive.
The present invention relates to a new method of pressing glass, whereby the
said inconveniences are fully obviated.
This invention consists in pressing the objects out of the warm mass of glass
against a soft (or elastic) bedding, preferably of a material that is a poor conductor
of heat, and in using a soft, plastic mass of glass.
The bedding must be sufficiently hard to resist the pressure of the tool when
the objects are pressed out and sufficiently soft to allow the objects to be wholly
separated without damaging the rims or edges of the mould.
A suitable material for the bedding is obtained by, for instance, asbestos
board, charcoal, clay, magnesia composition, metal wires, mass of metal chips
and the like. A thin layer of some hard material which is a good conductor of
heat, such as, for instance, sheet iron or brass, copper, aluminium or the like,
may be attached to a thick, soft mass, that is a poor conductor of the heat, whereby
the bed will be a poor heat conductor and sufficiently soft for the purpose desired.
The warm mass of glass is placed to a suitable thickness on an even bedding,
for instance a metal plate that can suitably be laid on the bedding upon which
the pressing is to be executed. When the mass of glass has cooled until it obtains
a suitable consistency the metal plate is drawn away, so that the glass plate will
rest upon the warmed soft bedding.

page_text: The mass of glass can be directly poured out upon the bedding only when
this has an even and firm surface of such a nature that the mass of glass does not
fuse together with the bedding.
If the layer of glass is cooled on the side that is in contact with the metal
plate, it receives heat from the upper, warmer part of the layer, so that the whole
keeps plastic and flexible. Further, on account of the poor heat-conducting
property of the soft bedding, the too rapid conduction of heat from the surface
in contact with the bedding is prevented, whereby the lower layer of the mass
of glass is prevented from stiffening and becoming brittle.
When the mass of glass has got a consistency suitable for the working, the
objects desired are produced by pressing down the moderately warm tool into
the mass for the filling of the moulds and the separating of the objects from one
another. The objects may be cut out by means of a wheel from the melted mass
of glass, that ought in this case to be rolled out to a plate of even thickness, or
the objects may be stamped or rolled out.
During the short time of contact with the mould the mass of glass has not
time to fill out all smaller roughnesses in the mould, but maintains its fine glassy
surface.
Or a glass plate of sufficient thickness for filling the moulds may be placed
upon the same (or the moulds be directly filled with the mass of glass), after
which, for completely filling the moulds and separating the objects from one
another, a plate of soft material may be pressed against the glass plate or the
mass rolled over by a roller of the same properties.
As soon as the glass objects have stiffened, they are placed for cooling upon
a plate of preferably poor heat conducting material. The plate with the objects
is brought into an annealing apartment and annealed in the ordinary manner.
Thinner objects and such of opal glass ought to be covered over so as to be pro-
tected from draughts.
After cooling, the objects are treated, when desired, in the ordinary manner
by grinding, etching, painting etc.
For carrying out the method described it is advisable to make use of a glass
that during the working is soft, flexible, and slowly stiffening.
All kinds of solid objects, such as imitations of animals, letters, figures, pen-
dants for chandeliers, parts for mosaic-works and decorative windows etc., as well
as hollow objects with low edges, such as glass boards, plates, needle-cases, salt-
cellars, ink-stands etc., may be produced in the described manner.
Dated this 30th day of December, 1899.
TORSIDE OF moulding Glass,
I, AUGUST FROYCK, of Kullagatan 31, Helsingborg, Sweden, Chemical
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
Among the different methods of mechanically working a melted mass of glass
pressing is at the same time the simplest and speediest. It has, however,
several inconveniences, which those engaged in the glass industry have long
desired to get rid of. These inconveniences are chiefly;

page_text: 1) that several independent objects cannot advantageously be produced at the
same time, since the objects must be separated from one another afterwards by
operations that make the process dearer, such as grinding, cutting, etc.
2) that on account of the comparatively long time during which the object
is in contact with the mould before stiffening, the surface of the object becomes
coarse and rough. This fault can be removed only by heating, in which pro-
cess breakages easily occur.
These inconveniences contribute to make the pressed articles, as hitherto made,
especially small objects, too expensive.
The present invention relates to a new method of pressing glass, whereby the
said inconveniences are fully obviated.
This invention consists in pressing the objects out of the warm mass of glass
against a soft (or elastic) bedding, preferably of a material that is a poor conductor
of heat.
- The bedding must be sufficiently hard to resist the pressure of the tool when
the objects are pressed out and sufficiently soft to allow the objects to be wholly
separated without damaging the rims or edges of the mould.
A suitable material for the bedding is obtained by, for instance, asbestos board,
charcoal, clay. A thin layer of some hard material which is a good conductor of
heat, such as, for instance, sheet iron or foliates of brass, copper, aluminium or
the like, may be attached to a thick, soft mass, that is a poor conductor of the
heat, whereby the bed will be a poor heat conductor and sufficiently soft for the
purpose desired.
The warm mass of glass is placed to a suitable thickness on an even bedding,
for instance a metal plate that can suitably be laid on the bedding upon which
the pressing is to be executed. When the mass of glass has cooled until it obtains
a suitable consistency the metal plate is drawn away, so that the glass plate will
rest upon the warmed soft bedding.
The mass of glass can be directly poured out upon the bedding only when
this has an even and firm surface of such a nature that the mass of glass does not
fuse together with the bedding.
If the layer of glass is cooled on the side that is in contact with the metal
plate, it receives heat from the upper, warmer part of the layer, so that the whole
keeps plastic and flexible. Further, on account of the poor heat-conducting
property of the soft bedding, the too rapid conduction of heat from the surface
in contact with the bedding is prevented, whereby the lower layer of the mass
of glass is prevented from stiffening and becoming brittle.
When the mass of glass has got a consistency suitable for the working, the
objects desired are produced by pressing down the moderately warm tool into
the mass for the filling of the moulds and the separating of the objects from one
another. The objects may be cut out by means of a wheel from the melted mass
of glass, that ought in this case to be rolled out to a plate of even thickness, or
the objects may be stamped or rolled out.
During the short time of contact with the mould the mass of glass has not
time to fill out all smaller roughnesses in the mould, but maintains its fine glassy
surface.
Or a glass plate of sufficient thickness for filling the moulds may be placed
upon the same (or the moulds be directly filled with the mass of glass), after
which, for completely filling the moulds and separating the objects from one
another, a plate of soft material may be pressed against the glass plate or the
mass rolled over by a roller of the same properties.
As soon as the glass objects have stiffened, they are placed for cooling upon
a plate of preferably poor heat conducting material. The plate with the objects
is brought into an annealing apartment and annealed in the ordinary manner.
Thinner objects and such of opal glass ought to be covered over so as to be pro-
tected from draughts.

page_text: After cooling, the objects are treated, when desired, in the ordinary manner
by grinding, etching, painting etcetera.
For carrying out the method described it is advisable to make use of a glass
that during the working is soft, flexible, and slowly stiffening.
All kinds of solid objects, such as imitations of animals, letters, figures, pen-
dants for chandeliers, parts for mosaic-works and decorative windows etcetera, as
well as hollow objects with low edges, such as glass boards, plates, needle-cases,
salt-cellars, ink-stands etcetera, may be produced in the described manner.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is: :―
1. The method of pressing, cutting, punching, or rolling glass objects out of
a warm mass of glass, which consists in performing said operations upon or
against a soft or elastic bedding that is not too quickly heated by and does not
transmit heat too quickly from the glass.
2. The method of pressing, cutting, punching or rolling glass objects out of
a warm mass of glass, substantially as described.
Doted this 25th day of Santambar 1000
W. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
322, High Holborn, London, W.C., Patent Agents for the Applicant.