IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING YARNS FOR WARPS
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Crawford Munn, of the Firm of Munn &
Hughes, of the City of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING YARNS FOR
WARPS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Crawford Munn
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 20th October 1874.
I, JOHN CRAWFORD MUNN, of the Firm of Munn & Hughes, of
5 the City of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING
YARNS FOR WARPS," to be as follows:-
The said Invention has reference to certain improved modes and means
of dyeing the yarns of warps of cotton, silk, and wool in hanks for the
warps of fancy dress goods and tweeds, and which produce new or
improved pleasing shaded effects in such fabrics when woven. And
the nature of the Invention consists as follows:-In first dyeing the
yarn while in hanks in a usual manner to a light shade of the colour

page_text: desired, and then for short hanks, as those of thirty-six inches and
under, in hanging and immersing them within the dye of about the
same light shade to within a little distance from the top end by which
they are held, and then gently shaking them vertically while slowly
raising them out of the dye, gradually adding strength or depth of
colour all the time while doing this, so that the hanks would be
gradually darkened towards their lower ends, while for the longer
hanks (as those of about or above fifty-four inches) these, after being
dyed to the light shade, are doubled and preferably hung by the
doubled part or end (or it might be the loose ends) and then immersed,
as before stated, to near the top within the light colour dye, vibrating
and raising them slowly as they are shaded and dyed deeper and darkest
towards the lower ends by gradually adding strength of colour to the
dye in the vat.
The vibrating or shaking and raising of the hanks may be done by
hand, or by ordinary hank carrying arms, or mechanism to which
the vibrating and raising motion would be given in any suitable
manner.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Crawford Munn, in the Great Seal Patent 2
Office on the 17th April 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
CRAWFORD MUNN, of the Firm of Munn & Hughes, of the City of
Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her 2
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of October, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-
eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said John Crawford Munn, Her special
licence that I, the said John Crawford Munn, my executors, admini- ¿
strators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said John Crawford Munn,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,

page_text: use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
“IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING YARNS FOR WARPS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said John Crawford Munn, my executors or admini-
strators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Crawford Munn, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement in writing, that is to say :-
My said Invention has reference to certain improved modes and
means of dyeing cotton, silk, and woollen yarns. in hanks for the warps
of fancy dress goods and tweeds, and which produce new or improved
pleasing shaded effects in such fabrics when woven. And the nature
of my said Invention and manner of performing the same consist as
follows:-In first dyeing the yarn while in hanks in a usual manner
to a light shade of the colour desired, and then for short hanks (as those
of thirty-six inches and under) in hanging and immersing them within
the dye of about the same light shade as previously stated to within a
little distance from the top end by which they are held, and then gently
shaking them vertically while slowly raising them out of the dye,
gradually adding strength or depth of colour to the dye all the time
while doing this, so that the hanks will be gradually darkened towards
their lower ends, while for the longer hanks (as those of about or above
fifty-four inches) these, after being dyed to the light shade as previously
stated, are doubled and preferably hung by the doubled part or end
(or it might be the loose ends) and then immersed, as before stated, to
near the top or end they are hung by within the light colour dye, then
vibrating and raising them slowly as they are shaded and dyed deeper
and darker towards the lower ends by gradually adding strength of colour
to the dye in the vat.
The vibrating or shaking and raising of the hanks may be done by
hand. or by ordinary hank carrying arms, or mechanism to which

page_text: the vibrating and raising motion would be given in any suitable
manner.
Having thus particularly described the nature of my said Invention,
and the manner of performing the same, or mode and means of carrying
it into effect or practice, I wish it to be understood that I make no claim i
to the first-dyeing of the hanks to a uniform light shade; but what
I consider novel and original and therefore claim as the Invention
secured to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is, the
dyeing and gradually dark shading of cotton, silk, and woolen yarns in
hanks for the warps of fancy dress goods, all substantially in the new or 1
improved manner herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Crawford Munn, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Sixteenth day of April, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
five.
1
JOHN CRAWFORD MINN
JOHN CRAWFORD MUNN (L.S.)