NEW OR IM- PROVED MACHINERY TO BE USED IN THE MANITRACTED OF
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Benjamin Baugh, of Balsall Heath, in the County
of Worcester, Manager of Works, for the Invention of "NEW OR IM-
PROVED MACHINERY TO BE USED IN THE MANITRACTED OF
WA
Sealed the 23rd June 1865, and dated the 29th December 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Benjamin Baugh at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th December 1864.
I, BENJAMIN BAUGH, of Balsall Heath, in the County of Worcester,
Manager of Works, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINERY TO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ENAMELLED
WARES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the new or improved machinery herein-after
described to be used for dredging or sprinkling finely powdered glass or
enamel on plates or surfaces on which the said glass or enamel is afterwards
to be fused. This dredging or sprinkling is ordinarily effected by hand, but

page_text: by the use of my Invention it can be more efficiently and economically
effected.
When the surfaces to be coated with glass or enamel are large I construct
the machine for dredging or sprinkling the glass or enamel in the following
manner: A horizontal bed or table receives the plates to be covered with the
powdered glass or enamel, and the receptacle containing the powdered glass
or enamel is made to travel slowly over the said plates, and by a series of
blows rapidly given alternately to the opposite ends of the receptacle the
powder contained in it is made to fall through its wire gauze bottom on to the
said plates. The motions of the several moving parts are effected as follows:-
The receptacle of the powdered glass or enamel is supported at its sides on
rails, and a horizontal screw parallel to one of the rails and of the length of
the machine engages with a screw box fixed on the receptacle. By giving
motion to the said screw by means of a band and pulley the said receptacle is
made to travel slowly from end to end of the machine. Beneath the said
screw and parallel therewith is a fixed rack, a toothed wheel on the receptacle
engaging with the said rack, and when the receptacle is moved rotatory motion
is given to the said toothed wheel by means of the said rack. This motion is
transmitted by toothed gearing to two shafts at opposite ends of the receptacle.
These shafts have each a series of cams on them, each of which cams by the
rotation of the shafts is made to lift and afterwards liberate a spring tappet,
which when liberated strikes the end of the receptacle and shakes a quantity
of powder therefrom. As the receptacle is carried over the plates it is struck
rapidly and at equal intervals at its opposite ends, and the powder shaken
from it with great regularity.
When the surfaces to be coated are small, or require to have the powder
dredged upon them through stencilled plates, I construct the machine as
follows-I cause the plates to move underneath the receptacle containing
the powdered glass or enamel, the said receptacle having no motion excepting
the shaking motion herein-after referred to. The plates to be coated are laid
upon a travelling endless chain band, to which an intermittent motion is
· given in the manner herein-after explained. The plate coming to rest under
the receptacle containing the powdered glass or enamel, the stencilled plate is
depressed upon the plate to be coated, and the receptacle shaken so as to
dredge the powder through the wire gauze bottom upon the stencilled plate
The stencilled plate being lifted, the chain band and with it the coated plate
are set in motion, and the said plate removed from under the receptacle
Where necessary the plate may be treated by a second stencilled plate, and

page_text: have powdered glass or enamel dredged upon it from a second receptacle.
The coated plate is removed from the endless chain band by hand. The
several motions are thus effected:-The intermittent motion of the band is
produced by a crank driven from the principal shaft of the machine, a con-
necting rod from which crank is connected with a pall engaging in a ratchet
wheel. The rotation of the said crank causes the said pall to give motion to
the ratchet wheel only when it passes over it in one direction. The inter-
mittent motion of this ratchet wheel is transmitted to the pulleys carrying the
endless chain band. The stencilled plates, which are situated immediately
under the receptacle, are made to rise and fall by means of wedges, to which
the required motion is given by a lever actuated by a cam on the principal
shaft. The receptacle is supported on a shaft, [and a rapid reciprocating
or shaking motion through a small angle is given to it by an excentric, which
is driven rapidly by means of a band and toothed gearing from the main shaft.
The connecting rods which transmit the motion of the excentric to the
receptacle may be readily thrown out of gear. The machine may be provided
with a vessel containing gum water, or other adhesive liquid for feeding a
brush situated immediately over the endless chain band; by this arrange-
menit the plates to be coated may be gummed before receiving the powdered
glass or enamel.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Benjamin Baugh in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
27th June 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, BENJAMIN
BAUGH, of Balsall Heath, in the County of Worcester, Manager of Works,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of December, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-eighth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Benjamin Baugh, Her special licence that I, the said Benjamin
Baugh, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Benjamin Baugh, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,

page_text: exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "NEW OR IMPROVED
MACHINERY TO BE USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ENAMELLED WARES," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Benjamin Baugh, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their bands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Benjamin Baugh, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the fol-
lowing statement thereof, that is to say :-
My Invention consists of the new or improved machinery herein-after
described to be used for dredging or sprinkling finely powdered glass or
enamel on plates or surfaces on which the said glass or enamel is afterwards
to be fused. This dredging or sprinkling is ordinarily effected by hand,
but by the use of my Invention it can be more efficiently and economically
effected.
When the surfaces to be coated with glass or enamel are large, I construct
the machine for dredging or sprinkling the glass or enamel in the following
manner: A horizontal bed or table receives the plates to be covered with
the powdered glass or enamel, and the receptacle or hopper containing the
-powdered glass or enamel is made to travel slowly over the said plates, and
by a series of blows rapidly given alternately to the opposite ends of the
receptacle or hopper, the powder contained in it is made to fall through its
wire gauze bottom on to the said plates. The motions of the several moving
parts are effected as follows:-The receptacle of the powdered glass or enamel
is supported at its sides on rails, and a horizontal screw parallel to one of the
rails, and of the length of the machine engages with a screw box fixed on the
receptacle. By giving motion to the said screw by means of a band and
pulley, the said receptacle is made to travel slowly from end to end of the
machine. Beneath the said screw and parallel therewtih is a fixed rack, a
toothed wheel on the receptacle engaging with the said rack, and when. the
receptacle is moved, rotatory motion is given to the said toothed wheel by means
of the said rack. This motion is transmitted by toothed gearing to two shafts
at opposite ends of the receptacle or hopper. These shafts have each a series
of cams on them, each of which cams by the rotation of the shafts is made to

page_text: lift and afterwards liberate a spring tappet or hammer, which when liberated
strikes the end of the receptacle, and shakes a quantity of powder therefrom.
As the receptacle is carried over the plates it is struck rapidly and at equal
intervals at its opposite ends, and the powder shaken from it with great
regularity.
When the surfaces to be coated are small or require to have the powder
dredged upon them through stencilled plates, I construct the machine as
follows:-I cause the plates to move underneath the receptacle or hopper.
containing the powdered glass or enamel, the said receptacle having no motion
excepting the shaking motion herein-after referred to. The plates to be
coated are laid upon a travelling endless chain band, to which an intermittent
motion is given in the manner berein-after explained. The plate coming to
rest under the receptacle containing the powdered glass or enamel, the
stencilled plate is depressed upon the plate to be coated, and the receptacle
shaken so as to dredge the powder through the wire gauze bottom upon the
stencilled plate. The stencilled plate being lifted, the chain band and with it
the coated plate are set in motion, and the said plate removed from under the
receptacle. Where necessary, the plate may be treated by a second stencilled
plate, and have powdered glass or enamel dredged upon it from a second
receptacle. The coated plate is removed from the endless chain band by hand.
The several motions are thus effected:-The intermittent motion of the band
is produced by a crank driven from the principal shaft of the machine, a con-
necting rod from which crank is connected by a pall engaging in a ratchet
wheel. The rotation of the said crank causes the said pall to give motion to
the ratchet wheel only when it passes over it in one direction. The inter-
mittent motion of this ratchet wheel is transmitted to the pulleys carrying the
endless chain band. The stencilled plates, which are situated immediately
under the receptacle, are made to rise and fall by means of wedges, to which
the required motion is given by a lever actuated by a cam on the principal shaft.
The receptacle is supported on a shaft, and a rapid reciprocating or shaking
motion through a small angle is given to it by an excentric, which is driven
rapidly by means of a band and toothed gearing from the main shaft. The
connecting rods, which transmit the motion of the excentric to the receptacle,
may be readily thrown out of gear. The machine may be provided with a vessel
containing gum water or other adhesive liquid for feeding a brush situated
immediately over the endless chain band; by this arrangement the plates to
be coated may be gummed before receiving the powdered glass or enamel..
Having explained the nature of my Invention, I will proceed to describe.

page_text: with reference to the accompanying Drawing, the manner in which the same
is to be performed.
Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 represent those arrangements of my new or
improved dredging machine in which a succession of blows upon the
receptacle or hopper is used to cause the enamelling powder to fall through
the wire gauze bottom of the hopper, and in which arrangements the hopper
travels, but the bed is stationary.
Figures 1 and 2 represent the method of actuating the machine by means
of a screw, Figure 1 being a side elevation, and Figure 2, a vertical cross
section Figure 3 is a section of a portion of the same on a larger scale.
a is the receptacle or hopper of a rectangular or other shape. It is open at
top for the introduction of the powdered glass or enamel, and the bottom is
formed (see Figure 3) of a frame b, upon which is stretched wire gauze or
perforated metal of the required fineness. The frame 6 is carried by an
internal ledge or flange c, and may be readily removed and replaced. Upon
two longitudinal beams d, d, (Figures 1 and 2), extending to any desired
length, are fixed rails e, e, upon which the four rollers f, f, travel. Transverse
shafts g, g, connect the rollers f, in pairs, and from these shafts the hopper a
is suspended by means of brackets h, h; a screw of the full length of the
beams d, d, is carried in suitable bearings, and passes through a screw box or
nut secured to the hopper a, so that by the revolution of the screw the
hopper is caused to travel along the rails e, e. Upon the under side of one of
the beams d a toothed rack 1 is secured, into which is geared a pinion 2
carried upon the hopper a. A wheel 3 is attached to the pinion 2, and both
revolve together upon a shaft 4. Two pinions 5, 5, keyed upon shafts 6, 6,
gear with the wheel 3, thus the travel of the hopper a will cause the revolu-
tion of the pinion 2, wheel 3, and the shafts. 6, 6. Each of the shafts 6
extends from end to end of the hopper a, and carries
upon it a number of
cams 7 (see Figure 3) of a triangular or other shape. Each cam 7 is free to
revolve upon the shaft to the extent permitted by the slot 8 and the pin 9,
which is fixed into the shaft. Suspended from a bar 10, and opposite to each
cam is a hammer 11, which is pressed against the hopper a by a spring 12
having an adjusting screw 13. The shaft 6 in its revolution carries round by
means of the pin 9 the cam 7, one corner of which (say 14) will press back the
hammer 11. After being thus pressed back to the full extent of the cam's
motion, the hammer.11 actuated by the spring 12 will rebound sharply upon
the side of the hopper a, causing in its return the partial rotation of the cam 7
at a speed much greater than that of the shaft 6, the slot 8 permitting of

page_text: this the cam 7 will then remain stationary until the pin 9 has traversed the
slot 8, when another similar blow will be given. The hopper a is thus shaken,
and the enamelling powder mado to fall through its bottom on to the plate to
be coated. Any number of cams and hammers may be used side by side, and
by the position of the pins 9 upon the shaft, the blows may be made to follow
in succession or otherwise as desired. The beams d, d, (Figures 1 and 2)
are supported upon uprights m, m, which also carry a table or bed n, upon
which are placed the plates or articles to be covered with the enamelling
powder from the hopper a. The motion of the screw i, and consequently that
of the hopper a may be reversed at pleasure by means of bands upon the three
pulleys p, p, p, in the ordinary manner. The construction of the cams 7
renders it immaterial in which direction the shafts 6, 6, revolve, in order to
give the blows upon the hopper a..
Figures 4 and 5 shew another arrangement, and that which I prefer to use.
for giving the motion to the hopper and its shafts. To the wall r of the work-
shop is attached by brackets s, a continuous trough-shaped rail t, in which the
guide rollers 15 of the frame 16 can travel. Upon the floor is also fixed a
bearer 17 and rail 18, upon which travel the bearings 19, 20. The frame 16
carries the hopper a which projects from it, and is supported at one end only.
This construction is to allow of any required form or length of bench, table, or
article being readily placed under the hopper or removed therefrom.
The mechanism for giving the blows to the hopper is similar that already
described, 6, 6, being the cam shafts as before. Upon the said shafts 6, 6,
are keyed the wheels 21 and 22, having an intermediate wheel 23. The
wheel 22 is driven by means of a pinion 24 upon the shaft 25, which is caused
to revolve in either direction in the following manner:-Two V-grooved
pulleys 26 and 27 are keyed upon the shaft 25; an endless cord 28 extending
to any required length passes over guide pulleys 29 (one only of which is
shewn) and a driving pulley 30. A corresponding pulley weighted to stretch
the cord 28 is provided at the other end of the workshop. The driving
pulley 30 and cord 28 are put in motion by a belt upon the pulleys 31, 31.
The two portions 32 and 33 of the cord 28 will thus travel in opposite directions.
A double-ended lever 34 and rollers 85 provide the means whereby either cord
may be brought into contact with one of the pulleys. The cord 32 is shewn
in contact with the pulley 26, the other cord being meanwhile lifted, as shewn.
The pulleys are driven by the friction of the cord, and the motion of the shaft 25
may thus be arrested or changed at pleasure. The travelling motion of the
machine is effected by causing one of the bearing wheels 19 to revolve. Upon

page_text: its shaft 36 is keyed a bevil wheel 37, driven by a bevil pinion 38. The said
pinion 38 and the worm wheel 39, are keyed upon a shaft 40, and their
revolution is caused by a worm 41, keyed upon the shaft 25. Several of the
supports or bearings for the shafts are omitted in the Drawing in order to
render the parts represented more distinct.
I will now proceed to describe that part of my Invention, in which the
dredging or distributing of the enamelling powder is effected by means of an
oscillating sieve fed from a separate hopper instead of by blows upon the
hopper itself.
Figures 6 and 7, represent an elevation and transverse section respectively
of a machine constructed according to this arrangement of my Invention, and
also adapted for depositing the enamelling powder upon a succession of articles
or plates of the same dimensions. In this machine the bed is made to move,
and the hopper is stationary.
The bed upon which the articles are to be placed is formed of an endless
chain or apron 1 passing over wheels 2 and 3, which can be adjusted so as to
tighten the chain and preserve a level surface. A pinion 4 is keyed upon the
shaft 5 of the wheel 8, and is driven by a wheel 6 keyed upon a shaft 7, upon
which is also keyed a ratchet wheel 8. A shaft 9 is carried in suitable
bearings upon the frame 10, to which the various parts of the machine are
fixed, and has keyed upon it a crank 11, which may have a variable throw, if
desired. The said crank 11 gives motion to a connecting rod 12, and by it to
a lever 18, which vibrates freely upon the shaft 7, and causes it to revolve by
means of the pall 14 and ratchet wheel 8, but in an intermittent manner, and
in one direction only. The upper surface of the endless chain 1 is thus caused
to advance and stop in equal periods of time, and if before each advance a
blank plate or other article be placed upon the said chain, either by self-acting
mechanism or by hand, at a spot determined by a guage attached to the frame
of the machine, the said plate will be carried by the next advance of the
chain 1 immediately under the oscillating sieve 15. The said sieve 15 is
inclined as shewn, and is carried upon four vertical levers 16, working upon
pivots in the frames 17 and 18, so as to be capable of oscillating upon them
in a direction at right angles to that of the chain. To one lever 16 is attached
the lever 17, from which depends a rod 18", moved by an excentric 20
keyed upon the shaft 21. The shaft 21 is driven by a bevil pinion 22 and
wheel 23, which again are driven by the spur pinion and wheel 24 and 25.
An intermittent motion is required for the oscillation of the sieve, as well as
for the chain, so that the enamelling powder may be deposited only when the

page_text: plate or article has become stationary under the sieve, and not while it is
passing into position. To effect this the shaft 26 which carries the wheel 25
has a ratchet wheel 27, lever 28, and pall 29, similar to those already described
(8, 13, and 14), and connected to them by a rod 30. The two palls being in
opposite directions, the shaft 7 and its gear will be caused to revolve, while
the shaft 26 and its gear is stationary, and the reverse. The hopper 31 is
attached to the frame 17, and the movement of the sieve 15 under the mouth
of the hopper 31, causes the requisite amount of powder to be supplied to the
sieve. A frame 32 is shewn, capable of a vertical movement upon the guidė
pins 33, which movement is communicated by four rods 34, connected to
levers 85, which are keyed upon two shafts 36 and 37.
Two other levers 38,
and a rod 89 ensure the simultaneous movement of both shafts, and the proper
movement is given by a lever 40, having its extremity resting upon a cam 41
keyed upon the revolving shaft 9. This frame 32 is used when it is required
to apply a stencilling plate to the article to be enamelled, so as to form upon
it letters or numerals as may be desired. The stencilling plate is attached to
the under side of the frame 32, and the cam is so adjusted as to bring the
stencilling plate to bear upon the article immediately upon its coming to rest
under the sieve, and before the commencement of the oscillation of the sieve.
The powder will then be deposited only upon that part of the article left
uncovered by the openings in the stencilling plate.
.
The last described arrangement for dredging by an oscillating sieve may be
used in connection with a fixed bed and a travelling hopper, as herein-before
described and illustrated in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5; or the shaking apparatus
represented in the said Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, may be applied to a fixed
hopper having a moving bed underneath it, as described and illustrated in
Figures 6 and 7.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I do not
limit myself to the precise details herein described and illustrated in the
accompanying Drawing, as the same may be varied without departing from
the nature of my Invention; but I claim as my Invention,―
Firstly, the arrangements or combinations of the parts of machinery to be
used in the manufacture of enamelled wares herein-before described and
illustrated in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, of the accompanying Drawing, that is
to say, machinery in which the powdered glass or enamel is carried in a hopper
or receptacle travelling over the articles to which the enamel powder is to be
applied, the enamel powder being shaken from the said hopper by a series of

page_text: blows given to the said hopper. Also the modification described of the said
parts.
Secondly, the arrangement or combination of the parts of machinery to be
used in the manufacture of enamelled wares herein-before described and
illustrated in Figures 6 and 7 of the accompanying Drawing, that is to say,
machinery in which the articles to which the powdered glass or enamel is to
be applied are supported on an endless band having an intermittent motion,
the powdered glass or enamel being dredged on the articles by means of an
inclined sieve having a vibratory or reciprocating motion. Also the modification
described of the said parts.
In witness whereof, I, the said Benjamin Baugh, have hereunto set my
band and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of June, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five.
Witness,
HENRY SKERRETT,
Clerk to George Shaw.
BENJAMIN BAUGH. (L.S.