CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN OR, APPLICABLE TO LOOMS FOR WEAVING CARPETS AND VARIOUS OTHER FABRICS, IN WHICH RAISED LOOPS OR A RAISED PILE CONSTITUTE THE FACE OR THE FIGURE OF THE FABRIC
Year: 1843

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
HILL, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Machine Maker, send
greeting.
t:
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria did, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster; the Eleventh day of February, in the
sixth year of Her reign, give and grant, unto me, my jeñors, admors, and
assigns, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I;
the said John Hill, my exors, adñiors, and assigns; should and lawfully might;
during the term of years therein expressed, make, use, exercise, and vend,
within that part of Her Majesty's United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
called England, Her Dominion of Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon Tweed,
and in Her Majesty's Islands of Jersey; Guernsey, Alderney, Sark, and Man,
and also in all Her Majesty's.Colonies and Plantations abroad, my Invention-of
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN OR, APPLICABLE TO LOOMS FOR WEAVING CARPETS AND
VARIOUS OTHER FABRICS, IN WHICH RAISED LOOPS OR A RAISED PILE CONSTITUTE THE
FACE OR THE FIGURE OF THE FABRIC;" in which said Letters Patent is contained
a proviso that if I, the said John Hill, should not particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, and
cause the same to be inrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery within
six calendar months, next and immediately after the date of the said Letters

page_text: Patent, then the said Letters Patent and all liberties and advantages whatsoever
thereby granted, should utterly cease, determine, and become void, as in and
by the same, relation being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
John Hill, do hereby declare that the nature of my Invention, and the manner
in which the same is to be performed, is particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following Instrument in writing, reference being had to
the Drawings hereunto annexed.
My Invention consists:-
First, in an apparatus by which wires are passed into the required
parts of the warp during the time the loom is making the carpet or other
fabric in process of manufacture, which wires are woven into the fabric
and are afterwards removed. In fabrics of the kind commonly termed
single cloth, if pile is to constitute the face or the figure of the fabric, the
wires are removed by that part of the warp which passes over them being cut
as in velvets; if loops are to constitute the face or the figure of the fabric, the
wires are removed by being withdrawn from one edge of the fabric. In double
cloth, where the pile passes from one cloth to the other with the wires woven
between the two cloths and between the pile common to both, the wires are
removed by being drawn out from one edge of the cloth prior to the pile being
cut asunder.
:
Secondly, in an apparatus which I shall call a feeding apparatus) for
separating and disengaging one wire at a time from a number of other
wires, in order that it may be received by the apparatus before mentioned, and
be passed by it into the warp, so as to be woven into the fabric in those parts
required to form loops or pile; and
Lastly, in an apparatus for modifying the speed of the loom, so that when
a wire has to be introduced into the warp, the loom moves more slowly than
when the shuttle passes the weft through the warp. By these means I
obviate the necessity of putting the wires into the cloth by hand, and thereby
save a considerable period of time, as the loom is not required to stop during
the introduction of the wires; whereas, when the wires are passed into the
warp by hand, the loom has to be stopped for the introduction of each wire.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 represents the front view of a loom with my improvements
attached thereto; Figure 2 represents a side view of the same loom with my
improvements attached thereto; Figure 3 represents a plan of parts of my.
improvements detached from the loom; Figure 4 represents a section on an

page_text: enlarged scale of the feeding apparatus and of the wire guide; Figure 5
represents a section of parts of the loom and a side view of the harness heddles
ánd reed with the warp passing through them; Figure 6 represents a plan of
the apparatus for passing the wire into the warp; and Figure 7 represents &
section on an enlarged scale of the grooved rod for passing the wire into the
warp. The same letters and numbers of reference are used to denote the same
parts throughout the whole of the Drawings.
In Figures 1 and 2, a represents a part of the lay to which is affixed two
carriers b, which support the spindle c; upon this spindle works the moveable
bearer d, the opposite end of which works in a slot in the lay at e (see
Figure 6). In this moveable bearer d is an opening in which part of the
rod f is permitted to move in a rotatory but not in a lateral direction. f is a
rod in which are two grooves; one groove runs in a straight line on the
top of the rod, as shewn in Figures 6 and 7, and is sufficiently capacious
to receive a wire, so that it may be conveyed therein and be deposited by
the rod in the warp; the other groove runs in the side of the rod as seen
in Figure 7, and is curved partly round the rod at one end, as seen in'
Figure 6. In this latter groove a stud 9 projects (seen in Figures 2 and 6),
which passes through the lay to which it is fixed, and through the side of the
central bearer of the rod into the groove. When motion is given to the rod f
by the tappet h (see Figure 1), the treddle i, i, (see Figure 2) and the inter-
mediate rods,,, jo, and crank (see Figure 1), the rod is passed thereby
into the warp, carrying with it a wire in the groove on its top side, and when
the curved end of the lateral groove reaches to and is passed against the stud g,'
the rod is thereby sufficiently turned to admit of the wire falling from it into
the warp, where it is left to be struck up into the cloth by the lay. The wire
is guided to its proper position in the warp during its fall from the
two angular plates k, which are fixed to the lay (see Figure 1).
drawn back to the position from which it started by the tappet, the crank, and
the rods before mentioned, and in its passage backwards the stud
g which
works in the curved groove turns the straight groove in the rod to the top side
again, ready to receive another wire from the feeding apparatus; 10 is a frame
attached to the side of the loom by the bracket 11 and stay 12 (Figures 1 and 2).
I represent a number of wires in the feeding apparatus ready to be dropped
one by one, as required, into the wire-guides m, m, fixed on the lay (see Figures
1 and 2), and through those guides into the straight groove of the rod f. At.
the lower side of the feeding apparatus are three wheels n (see Figures 1 and 2).
united together. These wheels move freely upon a pivot fixed to the frame
10, and they are set in motion by a cranked lever o (see Figures 1 and 2), with
rod by the
The rod is

page_text: a catch united to the top side of it, which catch takes into the teeth of the
outer wheel n. The outermost of wheels n has three times the number of
teeth that the two inner wheels have. The teeth-of all the wheels are of the
same length on the surface; between each tooth on the inner wheels spaces
are left of the length of two teeth. In Figure 1 it will be seen that one
tooth of the middle wheel is in a line with one tooth of the outer wheel, and
that one tooth of the wheel farthest from the cranked stud is placed one
tooth behind that of the middle wheel. The same succession continues round
the three wheels. Two bent levers p and q, which are fixed on two shafts r
and 8 (see Figures 1 and 2), fall upon the surface of the two inner wheels, one
on each. Upon the shaft r are fixed two bent levers t, t, and upon the shaft s
two bent levers u (see Figures 1 and 4). The two levers t pass under the
lowest wire, and the two levers u pass over the lowest wire and under all the rest
(see Figure 4), when the lay is moved back from the fabrio. After each blow
of the reed against the fabric it forces back the cranked lever o such a distance
as enables the catch on its upper side to force the wheel-n on which it works
one tooth of a revolution. At every third return of the lay from the fabric one
of the teeth on the middle wheel forces back and passes under the end of the
lever p, and the levers t fixed on the same shaft are also forced back, so that
the bottom wire falls through the wire-guides m, and is conducted by them into
the straight slot in the rod f, in order that it may by it be deposited in the warp.
On the next return of the lay from the cloth, one of the teeth in the inner
wheel forces back and passes under the end of the lever q, whereby another wire
drops upon the points of the levers t, for it to be delivered to the rod f, and the
points of the levers u pass over that wire and under the rest to support them
after two threads of weft have been woven in the fabric in the usual manner.
Between each wire which is woven into the fabric two weft threads are also
woven to form the ground of the fabric. (Figure 1) are two pairs of parallel
bars, with a space between each pair, the form of which is best seen in Figure
4, and are part of the feeding apparatus, and down the spaces between which
the wires are passed to be supplied to the rod as described. It will be seen in
Figure 4 that these parallel bars are bent, in order that the whole weight
of the wires, when the spaces are filled, may not rest on the points of the levers
t' and u.
If pile is to constitute the face or the figure of the fabric, the wires
that have been woven into it. are to be removed by cutting the warp which
passes over them in the way well known to velvet weavers. If loops are to
constitute; the face or the figure of the fabric, the wires are to be removed by
drawing them out from one side in the manner which is also well known to
weavers of this description of cloth, Figure 3 is a plan of my apparatus for

page_text: When
modifying the speed of the loom, which is also partially shewn in Figures 1
and 2. 4 is a pulley running loose on the crank shaft x; w is a fast pulley keyed
on the crank shaft ; y is a pulley running loose on the crank shaft x, with the
pinion z fixed to it; 3 is a wheel keyed on the crank shaft x; 5 is a wheel
which is also keyed on the crank shaft ; 2 is a shaft which revolves freely
upon its axis, and the two wheels 1. and. 7 are keyed fast upon it. The wheel
1 tooths into the pinion z, and the wheel 7 tooths into the wheel 3.
the strap is on the fast pulley w, the crank shaft is driven direct from that
pulley and the loom moves quickly. When the strap is on the pulley y, the
crank shaft is driven by the pinion through the intermediate wheels 1, 7, and
3, and the loom in consequence moves slowly in proportion to the larger cir-
cumference of the wheel'1, than that of the pinion z. A is a strap-guide which
passes the strap alternately from the pulley y on to the pulley w, and from the
pulley won to the pulley y; when the strap is on the pulley y, one wire is
introduced into the warp;
, and when it is on the pulley 'w two threads of weft
are introduced into the warp; the strap lever A works upon a stud at B, upon
the sliding bar G; attached to the lower end of the strap-guide A is a
bar 9, which has a stud fixed to it bearing a friction bowl C.. This bowl works
in a groove of the drum 8. The drum 8 is fixed on the tappet shaft, and the
groove
in its surface is so cut as to keep the strap on the pulley w during two-
thirds of a revolution of the tappet wheel, and to keep the strap on the pulley
y during one-third of the revolution of the tappet wheel by means of the
friction bowl C, the bar 9, and the strap guide A. In the sliding bar G is cut a
small slot, through which one end of the vibrating lever D is passed; this lever
works on a stud at E, and the other end of it passes through a slot in the
setting-on lever F. When the loom is to be stopped the top end of the lever
F is passed to that end of the slot in which it works next to the loom, whereby
the strap is passed on to the loose pulley 4, by means of the lever D, the
sliding bar G, and the strap-guide A. The strap-guide is prevented from
going too far by the bent arm 13, fixed to the side of the loom. When the
loom is to be set in motion, the setting-on lever is moved to the other end of
the slot in which it works, whereby the strap is moved on to one of the other
pullies.
The adaptations which may be required in applying my improvements in or
to looms used for weaving different fabrics, whether carpets, velvets, or other
piled or looped fabrics, for which my said improvements are applicable, will be
easily effected by any workman conversant with such looms.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the manner in
Invention the
which the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim as of my

page_text: construction and application, for the purposes herein-before expressed, of the
mechanical combinations or contrivances herein-before described; and I-claim
as of my Invention the use of a rod or similar instrument for receiving and
conveying the wires into the warp of the intended fabric during the working of
the loom, however such rod or instrument may be acted upon or combined
with any other mechanical contrivances or means to effect the same object.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Hill, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Tenth day of August, in the year of our Lord One thousand
ASTON, Extra.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Tenth day of August, in the
year of our Lord 1843, the aforesaid John Hill came before our said Lady the
Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification aforesaid; and all
and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above written. And
also the Specification aforesaid. was stamped according to the tenor of the
Statute made for that purpose.