IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING MA- CHINERY
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Brewster, of Dunmow, in the County
of Essex, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING MA-
CHINERY."-A communication.
Sealed the 24th April 1854, and dated the 24th October 1853..
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Brewster
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 24th October 1853.
I, CHARLES BREWSTER, of Dunmow, in the County of Essex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PRINTING MACHINERY" to be as follows:-
Heretofore in cylinder printing machines, where the form of type is
horizontal, it has been usual to cause the form of type to move to and
fro under the printing cylinder, which simply rotates on its axis, the
form of type becoming inked by passing under stationary inking rollers.
Now this Invention consists of fixing the form of type, and of giving to
the printing cylinder a to and fro and also a rotatory motion over the
form of type. The type is inked by means of the inking apparatus.
being caused to move to and fro over the type.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Charles Brewster in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 24th April 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
CHARLES BREWSTER, of Dunmow, in the County of Essex, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of October, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in the
seventeenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Charles Brewster, Her special
licence that I, the said Charles Brewster, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Charles Brewster, my execu-.
tors, administrators, aud assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
PRINTING MACHINERY," communicated to me from abroad, upon the.
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Charles Brewster, by an
instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention; and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Brewster, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to.
he performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement thereof (that is to say):
Heretofore in cylinder printing machines, where the form of type is
horizontal, it has been usual to cause the form of type to move to and
fro under the printing cylinder, which simply rotates on its axis, the
form of type becoming inked by passing under stationary inking rollers.
Now this Invention consists of fixing the form of type, and of giving to
:

page_text: the printing cylinder a to and fro and also a rotatory motion over the
form of type. The type is inked by means of the inking apparatus
being caused to move to and fro over the type.
Having thus stated the nature of the said Invention, I will proceed
to describe the manner of performing the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1, shows a side view of so much of a machine arranged or
combined according to the improvements as will enable me, aided by
the other views shewn by the Drawings, to describe the Invention.
Figure 2, is an end view. The other Figures shown by the Drawings
are details, which are marked with the same letters of reference as those
on Figures 1 and 2. «, is the main or driving axis put into motion by
a handle b, on the fly wheel e, or otherwise, as is well understood; on
the axis a, is a cog wheel d, which takes into and drives the cog wheel c,
which by a connecting rod f, gives motion to the rack g, which rocks
on the axis g' below. The rocking motion thus communicated to the
ruck g, causes it, by means of the cog wheel h, to move the axis h, first
in one direction and then in the other. On the axis h are two cog
wheels,, which gear into the racks i, j, of the carriage k, of the
printing roller l, and by such means the printing roller', is caused to
move to and fro over the form of type m, fixed to the bed of the
machine. n, n, are inking rollers carried by the carriage , as shown;
these inking rollers pass over and act in contact with a roller o, which
receives ink from the inking roller in the trough o', which is brought
up against the roller o, by the roller o, moved by the weighted lever
each time the carriage k, runs out, as is shown by the Drawing, and
motion is communicated to the roller o, by the shaft 3, driven by a
bevilled toothed wheel on the main shaft or axis a, taking into a similar
wheel on the shaft o", and motion is communicated to the roller o, from
the shaft o by bevilled toothed wheels, as is shown. p, is the table on
which the paper to be printed is placed, and the edge of a sheet is
pushed up so as to be taken by the fingers 9, on the axis q'; these
fingers have at all times a tendency to press on to the surface of the
printing cylinder 1. and they are only moved therefrom in order that
they may at the proper intervals take hold of and let go the paper,

page_text: which is performed in the following manner:-When the cylinder
comes back to the feeding table p, a projecting arm q, on the axis q',
of the fingers q, comes against fixed inclined springs ' on the feeding
fable, and by such means the axis q' is moved partly round, which causes
the points of the fingers y, to separate from the surface of the printing
cylinder, so that the edge of the next sheet of paper may come under
the fingers and against the printing cylinder, so that when the move-
ment outwards of the printing cylinder takes place, and the fingers are
released, they will close on the paper and hold it to the cylinder. The
cylinder in its movement will cause the paper to be brought in contact
with the type, but when it has arrived at the position shown by red lines
in Figure 1, the paper will be released by means of the crank or projec-
tion on the axis q', coming against the cranked projection q", which
is fixed to the carriage k. That end of the paper then being let go
drops on to the creeping tapes s, carried by the rollers s'. These rollers
sare carried by a suitable frame, and are attached to the carriage k
in such manner as to be moved to and fro with it, and motion is to be
given to one of these rollers s', so that the upper surface of the tapes,
will move in a direction away from the printing cylinder; hence the
tapes will progressively lift the paper off the type as the printing cylinder
proceeds outwards, and from these tapes the printed paper may be
taken as soon as the whole has been brought on to the tapes s. Motion
may be given to one of the rollers s¹ from the axis of the printing roller
or otherwise, or the paper when printed may be taken off the type by
other means. t, t, are two bars which slide on the upper part of the
machine, and are at each side thereof, and on these bars are formed
inclines t, and on the upper bed or surface of the machines there
are formed similar inclines; hence when the bars are moved by the
carriage, coming against the projection on the bars, and thereby
moving or sliding those bars, those bars will rise and come in contact
with the ends of the printing cylinder, and lift it up in its bearings a
short distance, so that in going back it will be away from the surface of
the type, and the axis of the printing cylinder is permitted to rise in its
bearings in the following manner:-, v, are lovers, which are retained
down on the axis of the printing cylinder by the catches v', ', when
the printing cylinder is running out, but when the cylinder comes to

page_text: the end of its run the catches are allowed to move back, which they
are caused to do by springs or otherwise, and they are enabled to go
back by reason of the rail and switch formed apparatus applied to the
cog wheels, on the ends of the axis of the printing cylinder. The
curved rail or guide u, at each end of the cylinder causes the pin or
projection on the catch when on the interior to press the catch v¹.
and thus to hold down its lever, but when the pin comes to the end of
the rail it admits of the catch moving away from its lever, and in that
condition it remains till the switch point
comes outside of the pin
be again caused to hold
and presses it inwards, when the catch will
its lever, and this will take place when the printing cylinder is about
to move out. Hence it will be seen that as the printing cylinder
moves out it will be held down in its carriage k, and will press on the
type, and by the carriage coming against the ends of the sliding
bars it will cause the printing cylinder to be lifted, and to remain lifted
till it gets back, and the carriage k comes against the projections on
the other ends of the sliding bars, and moves them back into the position
shown in Figure 1.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention, and the
manner of performing the same, I would have it understood that I
make no claim to any of the parts separately, nor do I confine myself
to the precise details shown. But what. I claim is, the combination of
parts herein lescribed.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Brewster, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-first day of April, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four.
Witness,
B. GOBEY,
4, Old Square,
Lincoln's fun.
CHARLES BREWSTER. (L.S.)