IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATING SEWER PIPES, CESS-POOLS, THE HOLDS OF VESSELS, AND OTHER PLACES, AND DEODORIZING THE FOUL AIR AND GASES EMANATING THEREFROM
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Bristow Hunt, of Serle Street, Lincoln's Inn, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATING
SEWER PIPES, CESS-POOLS, THE HOLDS OF VESSELS, AND OTHER PLACES, AND
DEODORIZING THE FOUL AIR AND GASES EMANATING THEREFROM."
A com-
munication from abroad by Abraham Waldron Rand, of Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania, in the United States of America.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Bristow Hunt at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd April 1879.
BRISTOW HUNT, of Serle Street, Lincoln's Inn, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATING SEWER PIPES, CESS-POOLS, THE
HOLDS OF VESSELS, AND OTHER PLACES, AND DEODORIZING THE FOUL AIR AND
GASES EMANATING THEREFROM,' (A communication from abroad by Abraham
Waldron Rand, of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in the United States of America.)
"
The main object of this Invention is to prevent the foul air in the sewer pipes of
dwellings from passing upwards through the waste-pipes of closets, wash basins,
and the like, and to render such foul air innocuous by subjecting it to heat in its
passage through a ventilating pipe.
The Invention will be now described as applied to the ventilation of sewer pipes,
the sewer pipe being placed beneath the floor of the cellar and communicating with
the sewer, and having the usual trap and the usual connections with the waste-
pipes of water closets, wash-basins, or sinks, each of which latter pipes having a
usual trap.
In the main pipe there is always more or less foul water and trapped air, which
is rendered fetid by contact with the water and with foul matter which adheres to
the inner surface of the pipe.
When the contents of a closet or wash basin are discharged into one of the
waste-pipes they necessarily impart a temporary pressure to the air in the main
pipe, and this air is consequently forced upwards through another waste pipe and
through the trap of the same; thus if the basin of a water-closet and a wash basin
both communicated through the respective waste pipes with the main pipe, and the
contents of the former be discharged through its waste pipe into the main pipe, foul

page_text: air will be forced through the other waste pipe and through its trap into the room
where the wash basin is situated.
Attempts have been made to remedy this evil by forming a communication
between the main pipe and a flue, or by carrying a ventilating tube from the main
pipe to a point above or near the roof of the building, but this is only a partial
remedy, for the foul air often enters dwellings through open windows or doors, and
where there are a number of houses with such ventilating pipes, the air in the
neighbourhood must necessarily be fouled with the exhalations.
The evil is entirely remedied by combining the main pipe with a ventilating tube
which communicates with a box or receptacle exposed to the heat of any stove,
range, or fire-place, and having an outlet tube.
The box, for example, may form one end of the fire-place of a range, and be
exposed to the direct action of the burning fuel in the same, the box being perfectly
tight and having partitions which compel the foul air to take a zigzag or circuitous
course before it can escape.
In passing through the box, and in intimate contact with the heated plates of
which the said box is composed, the foul air from the main pipe is rendered
innocuous, and the pipe is so thoroughly ventilated that no air can pass upwards
from it through the waste pipes.
The box may form a part of any ordinary stove or fire-place, or of a special
heater, and may be constructed in different ways; a coiled or zigzag tube may, for
instance, be substituted for the box, providing it is subjected to the desired heat.
While the outlet tube may communicate with any flue through which the pro-
ducts of combustion are conveyed to the chimney, it is preferable to carry the tube
upwards through the flue and chimney to a point at or near the top of the same,
so as to ensure the most thorough ventilation of the main pipe.
The ventilating pipe or tube, or a branch from it, may communicate with the
well of the cess-pool for the purpose of carrying off and burning the foul air and
gases, and the holds of vessels may be ventilated by placing the box or receptacle in
the range of the caboose, and carrying the ventilating pipe into the lower part of
the hold; or in applying the Invention to a steam-ship, the box or receptacle may be
placed in the furnace of the boiler, the outlet pipe being carried upwards to any
convenient altitude.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the Conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Bristow Hunt in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 3rd October
1879.
BRISTOW HUNT, of Serle Street, Lincoln's Inn, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN VENTILATING SEWER PIPES, CESS-POOLS, THE
HOLDS OF VESSELS, AND OTHER PLACES, AND DEODORIZING THE FOUL AIR AND
GASES EMANATING THEREFROM." (A communication from abroad by Abraham
Waldron Rand, of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in the United States of America.)
The main object of this Invention is to prevent the foul air in the sewer pipes of
dwellings from passing upwards through the waste-pipes of closets, wash-basins and
the like, and to render such foul air innocuous by subjecting it to heat in its passage
through a ventilating pipe.
The Invention is illustrated on the accompanying Sheet of Drawings as applied
to the ventilation of sewer pipes. Figure 1 is an elevation of the waste-pipes and
sewer pipe of a dwelling, as adapted with the present improvements; and Figure 2
is a transverse section thereof through the line 1-2.
A represents the sewer pipe placed beneath the floor of the cellar and communi-
cating with the sewer and having the usual trap a, and the usual connections with
the waste-pipes B, B¹, of water closets, wash-basins, or sinks, each of which latter
pipes has a usual trap b.
In the main pipe there is always more or less foul water and trapped air, which
is rendered fetid by contact with the water and with foul matter which adheres to
the inner surface of the pipe.
When the contents of a closet or wash-basin are disharged into one of the waste-
pipes, they necessarily impart a temporary pressure to the air in the main pipe A,
and this air is consequently forced upwards through another waste-pipe and through
the trap of the same; thus if d is the basin of a water closet, and e a wash-basin
(both communicating through their respective waste pipes with the main pipe A),
and the contents of the former be discharged through its waste-pipe B¹ into the
pipe A, foul air will be forced through the other waste pipe B, and through its trap
into the room where the wash-basin e is situated.
+
Attempts have been made to remedy this evil by forming a communication
between the main pipe and a flue, or by carrying a ventilating tube from the main
pipe to a point above or near the roof of the building, but this is only a partial
remedy, for the foul air often enters dwellings through open windows or doors, and
where there are a number of houses with such ventilating pipes the air in the
neighbourhood must necessarily be fouled with the exhalations.
The evil is entirely remedied according to the present Invention by combining
the main pipe A with a ventilating tube D, which communicates with a box or
receptacle E, exposed to the heat of any stove, range, or fire-place, and having an
outlet tube H.
The box E, for example, may form one end of the fire-place of a range I, and be
exposed to the direct action of the burning fuel in the same, the box being perfectly
tight and having partitions which compel the foul air to take a zigzag or circuitous
course before it can escape.
In passing through the box and in intimate contact with the heated plates of
which the said box is composed, the foul air from the main pipe A is rendered
innocuous, and the pipe is so thoroughly ventilated that no air can pass upwards
from it through the waste-pipes.
The box E may form a part of any ordinary stove or fire-place, or of a special
heater, and may be constructed in different ways; a coiled or zigzag tube may, for
instance, be substituted for the box, providing it is subjected to the desired heat.
While the outlet tube H may communicate with any flue through which the pro-
ducts of combustion are conveyed to the chimney, it is preferable to carry the tube

page_text: upwards through the flue and chimney to a point at or near the top of the same,
so as to ensure the most thorough ventilation of the pipe A.
The ventilating pipe or tube D, or a branch from it, may [communicate with the
well of a cess-pool for the purpose of carrying off and burning the foul air and gases,
and the holds of vessels may be ventilated by placing the box or receptacle E in
the range of the "caboose," and carrying the ventilating pipe D into the lower part
of the hold; or in applying the Invention to a steam-ship, the box or receptacle E
may be placed in the furnace of the boiler, the outlet pipe H being carried upwards
to any convenient altitude.
Having now described the nature and object of the said Invention, together with
the manner in which the same is to be or may be performed or carried into
practical effect, I would remark in conclusion, that I claim as the Invention com-
municated to me by the above named Abraham Waldron Rand,
The mode described of ventilating sewer-pipes, cess-pools, the holds of vessels,
and other places where foul air or gases accumulate, the said mode consisting in
conveying the foul air or gases through a pipe or pipes to a box exposed to the
action of fuel in a fire-place, stove, or other heater, the said box being provided
with a suitable outlet, all substantially as hereinbefore set forth, and as illustrated
on the accompanying Sheet of Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Bristow Hunt, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Third day of October, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and seventy-nine.
BRISTOW HUNT. (L.S.) -