IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DRAWING, SPINNING, AND TWISTING FLAX, TOW, WOOL, WORSTED, SILK, COTTON, CHINA GRASS, OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Bywater, of Sweet Street Foundry,
Holbeck, near Leeds, in the County of York, and Jack Shaw,
of Hunslet, near Leeds, in the said County, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DRAWING, SPINNING, AND TWISTING
FLAX, TOW, WOOL, WORSTED, SILK, COTTON, CHINA GRASS, OR OTHER FIBROUS
SUBSTANCES."
Sealed the 21st April 1871, and dated the 26th October 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Bywater and
Jack Shaw at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 26th October 1870.
We, WILLIAM BYWATER, of Sweet Street Foundry, Holbeck, near
Leeds, in the County of York, and JACK SHAW, of Hunslet, near Leeds,
in the said County, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DRAWING, SPINNING, AND TWISTING
FLAX; Tow, WOOL, WORSTED, SILK, COTTON, CHINA GRASS, OR OTHER FIBROUS
SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
:-
Our improvements consist in drawing, spinning, and twisting flax,
tow, wool, worsted, silk, cotton, China grass, or other fibrous substances

page_text: by a continuous and simultaneous draft and twist of the fibres accom-
plished by means of porcupines, rollers, cards, or gills, with or without
pressing, or revolving, or moving surfaces.
The porcupines, rollers, cards, or gills, pressing, or other revolving or
moving surfaces employed are fluted or grooved, or are covered with
cards, combs, gills, or with filleting set with pins or teeth of the length
or pitch required for the fibrous substance under operation, and simul-
taneously twisted either with rollers, tweedlers, spindles, or flyers. The
porcupines, rollers, cards, or gills, pressing, or other revolving or moving
surfaces employed may be placed before or behind the holding or
drawing roller if such are used, or before or behind revolving rollers,
tweedlers, spindles, or flyers if such are used; such rollers, tweedlers,
spindles, or flyers being used for putting in the twist and at the same
time drawing the sliver or roving of flax, tow, wool, worsted, silk,
cotton, China grass, or other fibrous substances into a thread or yarn
varying in thickness as required..
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Bywater and Jack Shaw in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 26th April 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM
BYWATER, of Sweet Street Foundry, Holbeck, near Leeds, in the County
of York, and JACK SHAW, of Hunslet, near Leeds, in the said County,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-sixth day of October, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-
fourth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto us, the said William Bywater and Jack Shaw, Her
special licence that we, the said William Bywater and Jack Shaw, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said
William Bywater and Jack Shaw, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the

page_text: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR
DRAWING, SPINNING, AND TWISTING FLAX, Tow, WOOL, WORSTED, SILK, COTTON,
CHINA GRASS, OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," upon the condition (amongst
others) that we, the said William Bywater and Jack Shaw, our execu-
tors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our or their
hands or seals, or under the hand and seal of one of us or them, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to
be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Bywater, on behalf of
myself and the said Jack Shaw, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
thereof, that is to say:
-
Our improvements consist in drawing, spinning, and twisting flax,
tow, wool, worsted, silk, cotton, China grass, or other fibrous substances
by a continuous and simultaneous draft and twist of the fibres, accom-
plished by means of porcupines, rollers, cards, or gills, with or without
pressing, or revolving, or moving surfaces.
The porcupines, rollers, cards, or gills, pressing or other revolving or
moving surfaces employed are covered with cards, combs, gills, or with
filleting set with pins or teeth of the length or pitch required for the
fibrous substance under operation, and simultaneously twisted either
with rollers, tweedlers, spindles, or flyers. The porcupines, rollers,
cards, or gills, pressing or other revolving or moving surfaces employed
may be placed before or behind the holding or drawing rollers, if such
are used, or before or behind revolving rollers, tweedlers, spindles, or
flyers, if such are used, such rollers, tweedlers, spindles, or flyers being
used for putting in the twist, and at the same time drawing the sliver
or roving of flax, tow, wool, worsted, silk, cotton, China grass, or other
fibrous substances into a thread or yarn varying in thickness as
required.
But that the Invention may be fully understood we will, by the aid of
the accompanying Drawings, proceed to describe means pursued by us in
carrying the same into effect.

page_text: Figure 1 represents a cross section of parts of a machine with our
improvements applied to it, showing the direction of the sliver or roving
during the process of drawing, spinning; and twisting; Figure 2 is a side
elevation of parts partly in section; Figure 3 is a horizontal section of a
portion of Figure 2; Figure 4 is a horizontal section of another portion
of Figure 2; Figure 5 is a sectional elevation of a portion of Figure 2
showing the internal thread or worm cut or formed on the inside of the
box thereof; Figures 6 and 7 shew by plan and elevation one of the
revolving and rotating rollers with its attached toothed wheel. The same
letters in each Figure are employed to indicate like parts wherever
they occur, and Figures 2 to 7 are drawn full size.
K represents the ordinary cylinder of a spinning frame for the purpose
of giving motion by means of bands or belts to spindles I and bobbins J.
The cylinder K also gives motion to a second cylinder H by gearing or
otherwise which we have not thought it necessary to show, and which
cylinder H gives motion by means of band or belts to pullies or warves G,
each of which is fixed to a socket F, and each socket F is, as shown,
formed to receive a pair of rollers E, E, and toothed wheels E¹, E¹, and
these rollers and toothed wheels are together carried round with the
socket F inside the box or case F¹. This box or case F¹ is shewn fixed,
but it may be supported so as to revolve in the main framing or the parts
thereof as required. The inside surface of this box is formed with an
internal screw thread or worm F2, which by taking into the teeth of the
pinions E¹, E¹, formed on or affixed to the rollers E, E, gives to those
rollers a positive rotary motion on their own axes, and which motion may
be varied to suit the twist required to the sliver or roving under operation
by varying the speed of rotation of the socket F or the pitch or thread of
the internal screw. D, D, are rollers set with porcupine, or card, or other
teeth of pitch and length required. The pitch and length shewn is that
which we have found to answer well, but we do not confine ourselves
thereto. These rollers D are affixed to and revolve with shafts or
axes D'. C, C, are small bars or rollers which may be caused to revolve
if desired; B is a spool or bobbin containing the sliver or roving to be
operated upon; A is an ordinary surface roller for giving motion to the
spool or bobbin B.

page_text: The operation of the machine as shewn is as follows:-The material
to be operated upon is delivered in slivers from spools or bobbins B by
means of surface rollers A, and thence it passes under the small bars or
rollers C, and by them is pressed into the teeth of the rollers D. The
slivers or rovings after being in part held by the teeth of such rollers D
are then passed each between a pair of rollers E, E, which by having a
quicker surface speed given to them than that of the surface speed of the
toothed roller D in connection therewith draw or elongate the sliver or
roving to the required thickness, and at the same time gives a certain
amount of twist to it. Each sliver or roving then passes down through
a guide plate L on to a bobbin J. The spindle I and flyer I' giving the
required amount of twist to bring it into yarn or thread, which yarn or
thread is then wound on to the bobbin J by ordinary or other traverse
motion, as is well understood.
Having thus described our Invention and means we adopt in carrying
the same into effect, we would have it understood that we do not confine
ourselves to the precise details and arrangements of parts shown and
described, as these may be varied without departing from the peculiar
character of our Invention; but what we do claim is, the adaptation or
combination of means for effecting the simultaneous drawing, spinning,
and twisting of fibre by operating thereon by means of toothed rollers,
and between other rollers having the combined operation referred to in
the passage of such fibre from the spools or bobbins to the spindles or
flyers, substantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Bywater, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of April, One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-one.
WILLIAM BYWATER. (L.S.)