IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS FOR TREATING FIBROUS MATERIALS FOR PAPER MAKING."
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Sinclair, of Leith, in the County of Mid Lothian,
North Britain, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS FOR TREATING
FIBROUS MATERIALS FOR PAPER MAKING."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Sinclair at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th April 1879.
GEORGE SINCLAIR, of Leith, in the County of Mid Lothian, North Britain.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS FOR TREATING FIBROUS MATERIALS FOR PAPER
MAKING."
This Invention comprises various improvements in boilers for treating fibrous
materials for paper making, and has for its object to render such boilers more
efficient and economical in working.
The first part of the Invention relates to boilers of the vertical cylindrical class,
such as are used for treating esparto and similar fibrous materials. By the present
Invention, a boiler of this class is made without the central vomiting pipes hitherto
generally used, and is fitted with one or more vomiting pipes close to the side, two
diametrically opposite pipes being used by preference. In one modification, the
vomiting pipes are beneath the perforated false bottom, continued horizontally
towards the centre, and there dip into a recess into which the liquid drains from
all parts of the boiler. Steam jet pipes with upwardly directed nozzles are fitted
into the vomiting pipes at points a little above the bends between the vertical and
horizontal parts. The top ends of the vomiting pipes are made with bends directed
towards the centre, and are above a diaphragm or plate fixed near the top of the
boiler. A number of short tubes are fixed in and project up from the diaphragm,
and retain the liquid at a certain depth, so that it may become well heated by the
steam before passing through the tubes down upon the fibrous materials.
A casing
is formed at the bottom of the boiler, and is in some cases extended more or less up
the sides, and is supplied with steam, which is by preference superheated or of high
pressure. With this arrangement, the heat in the boiler is maintained without the
excessive condensation of steam and consequent dilution and weakening of the
chemicals which occur in ordinary boilers. In a second modification, an annular

page_text: channel is formed inside round the bottom of the boiler for the liquid to drain into,
and the vomiting pipes dip directly down into this channel without having horizontal
parts extending to the centre.
The second part of the Invention relates to horizontal rotating boilers of a kind
used for treating rags, jute, and other paper making materials. A boiler of this
kind is in the form of a horizontal cylinder with egg-shaped or dished ends; and
turns on central end trunnions which are fitted with stuffing-box pipe connections.
Steam is admitted at one end by a stationary pipe, having formed on its inner end,
which projects inside of the boiler, a hollow head having an opening on its under
side only. On the steam-pipe head there is fitted a box fixed to the boiler, and
having three (or other suitable number of). branch pipes proceeding from it, and
extending along the cylindrical part of the boiler, the latter parts of the pipes
being perforated. Each branch pipe receives steam only when it is by the rotation
of the boiler carried under the steam-pipe head, and then its perforated part is
under the liquid and materials in the boiler, and the steam blows through them.
Paddles are fixed to the inside of the boiler shell, to carry up and turn over the
materials. At the further end of the boiler an outlet pipe is provided, this pipe
being stationary, and having its inner end extended up inside the boiler in a space
separated by a partition from the main part of the boiler. The partition is per-
forated round its circumference, and the steam passes off through the perforations
always from the part of the boiler which is uppermost.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said George Sinclair in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 29th
October 1879.
#f
GEORGE SINCLAIR, of Leith, in the County of Mid Lothian, North Britain.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS FOR TREATING FIBROUS MATERIALS FOR PAPER
MAKING,"
My said Invention comprises various improvements in boilers for treating fibrous
materials for paper making, and has for its object to render such boilers more
efficient and economical in working.
The first part of my Invention relates to boilers of the vertical cylindrical class,
such as are used for treating esparto and similar fibrous materials. By my present
Invention, a boiler of this class is made without the central vomiting pipes hitherto
generally used, and is fitted with one or more vomiting pipes close to the side, two
diametrically opposite pipes being used by preference. In some modifications the
vomiting pipes are continued beneath the perforated false bottom in horizontal
directions towards the centre, and there dip into a recess into which the liquid
drains from all parts of the boiler. Steam jet pipes with upwardly directed nozzles
are fitted into the vomiting pipes at points a little above the bends between the
vertical and horizontal parts. The liquid or ley thrown up the vomiting pipes by
the action of the steam is delivered from the upper ends of the pipes over a
diaphragm or plate fixed near the top of the boiler, and the liquid is retained at a
certain depth on the diaphragm by a number of small tubes fixed in it, and the
liquid becomes well heated by the steam before overflowing down the tubes, which
tubes also serve to distribute it uniformly over the fibrous materials in the boiler..
A casing is formed at the bottom of the boiler, and is in some cases extended more
or less up the sides, and is supplied with steam, which is by preference superheated
or of high pressure. With this arrangement, the heat in the boiler is maintained
without the excessive condensation of steam, and cousequent dilution and weakening
of the chemicals which occur in ordinary boilers. In other modifications, an
annular channel is formed inside round the bottom of the boiler for the liquid to
drain into, and the vomiting pipes dip directly down into this channel without
having horizontal parts extending to the centre.
The second part of my Invention relates to horizontal rotating boilers of a kind
used for treating rags, jute, and other paper making materials. A boiler of this
kind is in the form of a horizontal cylinder with egg-shaped or dished ends, and
turns on central end trunnions which are fitted with stuffing-box pipe connections.
In one modification, steam is admitted at one end, and is distributed inside by
means of three (or other suitable number of) pipes, each of which delivers it in turn
only when being carried by the rotation of the boiler under the materials and
liquid in the boiler. An outlet pipe is provided at the other end of the boiler
within a space separated by a partition which is perforated round its circumference,
the steam passing off from the upper part only of the boiler. In another
modification, steam is admitted at both ends, and passes off intermittently by an
outlet fitted to the middle of the boiler, and provided with a regulating valve.
And in order that my said Invention and the manner of performing the same
may be properly understood, I hereunto append three Sheets of explanatory
Drawings, to be hereinafter referred to, and representing fibre boilers as made with
my improvements. In these Drawings, the same reference numerals are used to
mark the same or like parts wherever they are repeated.
Figures 1 and 2 on Sheet 1 of the accompanying Drawings, are a horizontal and
a vertical section of one modification of fibre boiler made according the first part of
my Invention. This boiler is made with a vertical cylindrical shell 1, with a flat
top 2, and with a flat bottom 3, and there is an inner or second bottom 4, the space

page_text: between it and the bottom 3 being for steam to assist in heating the contents of the
boiler. At a little distance above the inner bottom 4 there is the usual perforated
horizontal diaphragm 5, down through which the liquid or ley drains from the
fibrous materials in the boiler. Two diametrically opposite vertical vomiting pipes 6
are formed by the attachment of curved plates to the cylindrical shell.1, and these
vomiting pipes 6 have their upper ends above a horizontal diaphragm 7 attached
by stays to the boiler top 2. This diaphragm 7 is perforated, and short tubes 8 are
fixed in the perforations so as to project upwards, in consequence of which arrange-
ment the liquid rising up the vomiting pipes 6 lies on the diaphragm 7 to the
depth of the tubes 8, and overflaws down through them all equally so as to be
uniformly distributed over the materials in the boiler. Steam jet nozzles 9 are
fitted in the lower parts of the vomiting pipes 6, being supplied with steam by
pipes 10, from one of which a branch 11 supplies steam to the double bottom 3, 4.
The steam jets cause the liquid or ley to be drawn from under the perforated
diaphragm 5, and thrown up the pipes 6 in a well understood manner, a constant
circulation of the liquid through the fibrous materials in the boiler being thereby
maintained.
Figure 3 on Sheet 2 of the accompanying Drawings is a vertical section of a
modification differing in some details from, but substantially the same as that
shown in Figures 1 and 2. In the modification shown in Figure 3, the vomiting
pipes 6 are pieces of round piping placed near the cylindrical shell 1 at diametrically
opposite sides, and these pipes 6 are formed with continuations 12 at their bottom
ends extending into a depression 13 at the centre of the inner bottom 4.
Figure 4 is a vertical section of a third modification in which an annular channel
14 is formed round the inner bottom 4, into which channel the bottoms of the
vomiting pipes 6 dip. The pipe 15 for drawing off the liquid is in this modification
connected to the annular chanuel 14 at a point which may be slightly lower than
the remainder of the channel.
Figures 5 and 6 on Sheet 3 of the accompanying Drawings are longitudinal and
transverse vertical sections of a rotating fibre boiler made according to the second
part of my Invention. This boiler is made with the middle part of its shell 16
cylindrical, and with the ends egg-shaped, and trunnions 17, 18, are fixed to its
ends to rest and turn in bearings of the ordinary kind, the boiler being made to
rotate by means of gearing, such as is commonly applied to such a purpose, the
bearings and gearing not being shown in the Drawings. Both trunnions 17, 18,
have stuffing-box fittings for the connection of pipes, and steam enters the boiler by
a stationary pipe 19 passing through one, 17, of the trunnions; this pipe 19 having
on its inner end inside the boiler a hollow cylindrical head 20. On this head 20
there fits and turns a box 21, having connected to it three pipes 22 which are fixed
to the boiler shell, and extend a considerable distance along the boiler, being per-
forated at the parts of their lengths corresponding to the cylindrical part of the
boiler. A port is formed at the bottom of the steam-pipe head 20, and extends
round about a third of the circumference, and by this port the steam enters each
The per-
pipe 22 in succession as it passes through the lower part of its course.
forated part of each pipe 22 is under the liquid or ley and fibrous materials at the
time when steam passes through; and by this arrangement the steam entering the
boiler is thus always injected at the lower part and beneath the surface of the
liquid, notwithstanding the rotation of the boiler. An outlet is provided for steam
by a pipe 23 passing through the other trunnion 18, and held stationary with its
inner end projecting towards the upper part of the interior of the boiler. A
partition 24 which is perforated round its circumference, prevents the fibrous
inaterials from getting into the outlet pipe 23, the steam passing through those
perforations which are uppermost at any time. Paddles or shelves 25 are fixed to
the boiler shell either close to the pipes 22, or at other parts, and serve to carry up
and turn over the fibrous materials which are being operated upon.
© Figures 7 and 8 are longitudinal and transverse vertical sections of a second
modification of my improved rotating fibre boiler. In this modification, provision

page_text: is made for admitting steam at both ends, there being at each end an inlet steam
pipe 19, with cylindrical head 20, having a port in its lower part, and covered by a
box 21, to which a branch pipe 22 is attached. There may be a single branch pipe
22 at each end, as shown in the Drawing, or there may be two or more, and the
branch pipes may be placed opposite to each other or otherwise, but in all cases the
steam passes through each only when it is passing through the lower part of its
course, and has its nozzle beneath the surface of the liquid. Steam is allowed to
escape from the boiler intermittently through a stopcock not shown in the Drawings,
but of the kind ordinarily used for the purpose, and having a lever which encounters
stationary stops so as to open and shut the stopcock as the boiler rotates.
Having thus particularly described my said Invention, and the manner of per-
forming the same, I have to state that I do not restrict myself to the precise
details herein described or delineated, but that what I believe to be novel and
original, and claim as the Invention secured to me by and in terms of the herein-
before in parts recited Letters Patent is,
1. The making of vertical cylindrical boilers for treating fibrous paper-making
materials with a steam heating space at the bottom or bottom and sides, substan-
tially as and for the purposes herein before described.
2. The making of vertical cylindrical boilers for treating fibrous paper-making
materials with a diaphragm near the top, fitted with short upwardly projecting
tubes, substantially as and for the purposes herein before described,
3. The fitting of vertical cylindrical boilers for treating fibrous paper-making
materials with two or more vomiting pipes placed at the sides, substantially as and
for the purposes hereinbefore described.
4. The fitting of a rotating boiler for treating fibrous paper-making materials,
with one or more stationary steam inlet pipes passing through the trunnion or
trunnions, and each having on its inner end a hollow head entered into a box,
having one or more branch discharge pipes attached to it, which receive steam by a
port in the hollow head only when they are passing through the lower part of
their course, substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore described.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Sinclair, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty fourth day of October, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy nine.
GEORGE SINCLAIR. (LS)