Improvements in the Method of and Apparatus for Forcing and Drawing Chemical or other Liquids.
Year: 1888

page_text: RESER
Date of Application, 28th May, 1888
Complete Specification Left. 25th Feb., 1889
Complete Specification Accepted, 30th Mar., 1889
Improvements in the Method of and Apparatus for Forcing and
Drawing Chemical or other Liquids.
We, Samuel Spencer, and Joseph Spencer Load, both of Victoria Engineering
Works, Besses-o'th-Barn, near Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineers,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
Our invention relates to improvements in the method of and apparatus for forcing
and drawing chemicals or other liquids, such as acids and others, and has for its object
to prevent the chemical liquid acting injuriously on the interior of the pump, which has
heretofore been experienced has a great defect, as it caused the pump to wear away
soon, and thus be subject to frequent repairs.
To overcome this defect our invention consists principally in employing a volume
of air between the piston of the pump and the liquid to be forced or drawn so that
the liquid shall never come into contact with the pump cylinder and piston moving
therein.
To this end we employ a receiver of suitable shape and size, preferably of earthen-.
ware, in combination with an air pump suitably positioned to each other.
One end of the said receiver we bring in connection with one end of the said air
pump by means of a pipe, the other end of the said receiver being provided with an
inlet and outlet valve, and the air pump cylinder at a suitable part with an air inlet
opening.
On the piston moving outwards, and having passed the said air inlet atmospheric
air is permitted to enter the respective and of the air pump, and passes by means of
the said pipe into the said receiver, while at the same time the aforesaid inlet valvo
opens and permits the liquid to enter the said receiver, thus causing an accumulation
of the liquid and a volume of air in the same, the said volume of air preventing the
liquid from entering the air pump.
On the return stroke of the piston the inlet valve closes and the outlet valve opens
and the column of atmospheric air accumulated between the piston and the liquid
forces the liquid in front of it and through the outlet valve.

page_text: On the piston moving outwards it causes a vacuum in the said receiver until i
reaches the air inlet as above mentioned, therefore causing the liquid to flow into the
said receiver.
The vacuum then destroyed admits atmospheric air into the said receiver. On the
return stroke of the piston the liquid is then forced through the delivery valve of the
said receiver.
Instead of employing only one receiver two or more may be employed in
combination with the said air pump, and the latter thereby made double-acting.
These improvements may also be applied for drawing and forcing other liquids than
chemicals.

page_text: Drawing Chemical or other Liquids.
We SAMUEL SPENCER, and JOSEPH SPENCER LORD, both of Victoria Engineering
works, Besses-o-th Barn, near Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer
do hereby declare the nature of our invention and in what manner the same is
to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
Our invention relates to improvements in the method of and apparatus for forcing
and drawing chemicals or other liquids, such as acids and others, and has for its object
to prevent the chemical liquid acting injuriously on the interior of the pump, which
has heretofore been experienced as a great defect as it caused the pump to wear away
soon, and thus be subject to frequent repairs.
To overcome this defect our invention consists principally in employing a volume
of air between the piston of the pump and the liquid to be forced or drawn so that
the liquid shall never come into contact with the pump cylinder and piston moving
therein.
And in order that our invention may be better understood we have caused to be
appended hereunto one sheet of drawings, marked with letters of reference,
representing a vertical section of a pump constructed in accordance with our
invention.
In carrying out our improvements we employ a receiver a of suitable shape and
size, preferably of earthenware, in combination with a pump b, suitably positioned to
each other.
When arranged side by side one end of the said receiver a we bring in connection
with one end of the said pump b, by means of a pipe, but by arranging the pump b
and the receiver a tandem, as shown in the drawing, the said pipe may be dispensed
with.
The other or lower end of the said receiver a is formed or provided respectively
with an inlet and outlet valve, preferably ball valves c & d, and the pump cylinder 6 at
a suitable part with an air opening f
The seatings of the valves c & d are so formed as to facilitate the coupling up of
a suction and delivery pipe c¹ & d', respectively, preferably by furnishing the same
with flanges and d. The casing i of the outlet valve d is formed separate from
the receiver a, and the latter with an opening and cover on the side thereof near
the lift valve and secured thereto by means of bolts so as to permit of a ready
inspection and cleaning of the same.
On the piston g moving outwards and having passed the said air inlet f, atmospheric
air is permitted to enter the respective end of the pump & into the said receiver a,
while at the same time the aforesaid inlet valve c lifts and opens and permits the liquid
to enter the said receiver a, thus causing an accumulation of the liquid and a volume
of air in the same, the said volume of air preventing the liquid from entering the
Dump b.

page_text: On the return stroke of the piston g the inlet valve c closes and the outlet valve d
opens, and the column of atmospheric air accumulated between the piston g and the
liquid, forces the liquid in front of it and through the outlet valve d.
On the piston y moving outwards it causes a vacuum in the said receiver -a until it
reaches the air inlet as above mentioned, therefore causing the liquid to flow into
the said receiver a.
The vacuum then destroyed admits atmospheric air into the said receiver a. On the
return stroke of the piston g the liquid is forced through the outlet valve d of the said
receiver a.
Instead of employing only one receiver a two or more may be employed in
combination with the said pump b, and the latter thereby made double acting.
These improvements may also be applied for drawing and forcing other liquids than
chemicals.
In order to retain atmospheric pressure on the liquid in the receiver a, a port kis
formed in the pump cylinder b, which permits the compressed air to escape from
the underside to the upper side of the piston, when in its lowest position, see dotted
lines.
Instead of employing a piston 9 as described, a ram may be used having a groove
cut on its periphery to near the front end thereof, the latter being a fit and acting
as a piston while the said groove arranged in connection with the port k, permits the
accumulated pressure to escape from the receiver a, as hereinbefore described.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is
In apparatus for forcing and drawing chemical or other liquids
:-
1st. The combination of a piston or ram pump, the cylinder of which, is formed
with an air inlet, which serves to admit atmospheric air in front of the piston g,
with-a-receiver a, suitably positioned thereto, and formed with an inlet and outlet
valve c&d whereby a volume of air is employed between the liquid-to-be-
forced or drawn, and the pump piston or ram, substantially as and for the purpose set
forth.
2nd. The general arrangement and construction of parts constituting our
improvements, substantially as set forth.
Dated this 27th day of February 1889.
F. BOSSHARDT & Co.,
4, Corporation Street, Manchester,
Agents to Applicants.