Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 2nd Oct., 1895-Accepted, 23rd Nov., 1895
CHAHHHAWI
I, GEORGE REYNOLDS of 23 New Towcester Road Northampton in the County
of Northampton, Maltster do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:―
The invention relates to apparatus for creating regulating & distributing
draughts of hot & cold air in malt & other drying kilns and the improvement
& novelty for which a Patent is claimed consists of the apparatus shown by the
letter A on the accompanying drawings together with the general arrangement of
the several air-chambers air-doors connecting-boxes dampers lid and aircourse
substantially as hereinafter described.
Of the said drawings:-
==
Fig. I is a section of apparatus and of a side wall of kiln showing also side
elevation of fire basket within the kiln.
Fig. II is a plan showing the top of the apparatus and fire basket.
Fig. III is an elevation of the end of fire basket showing air doors attached
thereto.
Fig. IV is a plan showing the top of the apparatus and rests for sliding lid.
Fig. VII is a section of apparatus and connecting boxes when two fire baskets
are employed.
The floor line is shown in Figs. I, III & VII by the letters Z Z Z.
The scale to which the several figures are drawn is shown upon the drawings.
Should there be any variation between the measurements shown in any of the
accompanying drawings and those stated in the text the latter are to prevail.
A as shown in Figs. I II & VII is a chamber measuring about 2 ft. 6 inches in
length width and height.
The sides of A shown by the letters X X in Fig. II and also the top are
constructed of sheet or cast iron of from to inch in thickness, the length width
and height above stated. In the centre of the top of this chamber (A) is a square
opening measuring about 2 ft. by 2 ft. covered by a moveable cast or sheet iron lid
shown as E in Figs. I & II of from to inch in thickness and about 2 ft. 3 inches
in length & breadth. The lid E is moveable by means of a chain and weight over
wheel as shown by Y in Figs. I & VII or it may be made to slide from off the top
of A as shown in Fig. IV where the lid is shown by E & R R are two rests made
of cast or wrought iron fastened to the side of A so as to support the lid E when
it is slid wholly or partly from off the top of A.
The end of A shown by the numbers 1. 1. in Figs. I & II consists of a close
fitting moveable damper of sheet or cast iron about 2 ft. 6 inches in width
2 ft. 9 inches in height and from to inch thick.
The said damper is moveable by means of a chain and weight over wheel as
shown by Z in Figs. I & VII. The opposite end of A. is entirely open.
C as shown in Figs. III III & VII is an ordinary grate or fire basket as used
in malt and other grain drying kilns standing on iron legs 1. 1. in Figs. I & VII.
K as shown in Figs. & II is an aperture in the side wall of the kiln of a height
and width to correspond with height and width of A by inside measurement.
Bas shown in Figs. I II & VII is a connecting box made of materials similar
to those used for A and of the same height and width as A but varying in length
as required in order to connect A with C'in manner hereinafter described. Both

page_text: ends of B are left entirely open. When desired B may be made in sections in
order that it may be removed from time to time in order to give better access to
the fire basket for cleaning, stoking and other purposes.
I prefer to effect this
either by making sections at m. m. as shown in Fig. VII so as to permit of the
intermediate portion of B to be pulled out sideways by means of the handle g
Fig. VII or else by making sections at p p as shown in Fig. VII so as to permit
of the intermediate portion being raised as shown by the dotted line P in Fig. VII
by means of a chain & weight over wheel as shown by in Fig. VII the said
moveable portion being hinged at n (Fig. VII to the fixed part of B. The said
sections must be made so as to allow of the moveable portions fitting closely against
the fixed part of B so as to be practically air tight.
In order to apply my invention and improvement I proceed as follows-
Firstly I close in the space beneath the fire basket or fire baskets C C C in
Figs. I II III & VII by erecting a curtain of brick work at each side between the
legs as shown at m in Figs. I & VII (or by fixing an iron plate inch thick or
thereabout at each side) so as to exclude the passage of air from the sides. At the
end of the fire basket opposite to that at which the apparatus (A) & connecting
box (B) are to be applied I fix double doors made of cast iron about inch thick
& hung upon hinges as shown by H H in Figs. I & II (plan showing the doors
open) III & VII (or a single door if preferred) of such dimensions as to exclude
the passage of air when closed. The doors are fastened when closed with an
ordinary catch as shown by t in Fig. III. The space beneath the fire basket C is
thus converted into an air chamber closed on all sides except that to which the
apparatus A & B are to be applied.
Secondly I fix the apparatus A with its open end fitted closely against the
aperture K (Figs. I & II) & I connect the opposite end of the apparatus A with
the open end of C by the air box B of proper length for that purpose & in such a
manner that the whole construction forms an air passage from outside the side
wall of the kiln to the grating of the fire basket C the several connections being
closely fitted so as to be practically air tight.
I do not interfere with existing dampers sliding doors or ventilators of kilns
except that I convert any existing opening in the side wall of kiln into aperture
designated K in Figs. 1 & 11 where the same is convenient for purposes of
construction. The practical result of the apparatus & arrangement above set
forth is as follows.
A fire having been lighted in the fire basket C I can by closing the doors H H
& closing the top aperture of A by the lid E & raising the damper 1 create a
strong draught of air froin outside the kiln through the apparatus A & B & up
through the grating & fire in the fire basket C. By partly lowering the damper 1
I can moderate the draught & I can also regulate it by opening the doors H H.
By dropping the damper I to the base of AI can prevent the draught entirely &
by raising the lid E I can introduce a draught of cold air into the kiln.
Where the kiln to which my said invention & improvement is to be applied is
heated by means of two or more fire baskets I either treat each fire basket
separately applying a separate apparatus (A) to each fire basket as above
described or else I use a single apparatus A for two or more fire baskets varying
the construction of the apparatus (A) according to the number & position of the
said fire baskets. Of the drawings
:-
Figure V is a ground plan of kiln heated by means of two fire baskets.
Figure VI is a ground plan of kiln heated by means of three fire baskets. In the
said last mentioned figures C represents the space under fire baskets which must be
closed in as above described. K represents the aperture in the side wall of the
kiln through which the air draught is obtained. BBB represent connecting
boxes as hereinbefore described A represents the said apparatus. In Fig. V where
there are two fire baskets as shown the apparatus A must be furnished with
2 dampers I. 1. as hereinbefore described & placed as shown by I. I. I. in Fig. V
for the mung-e of routine the air duchht to "C" in Fin V In V

page_text: where there are three fire baskets as shown the apparatus A must be furnished
with three of the said dampers I. I. I. placed as shown by I. I. I. in Fig. VI.
Where it is more convenient for purposes of construction I employ an air course
about 1 foot below the floor line of the kiln for the purpose of conducting the
draught of air into apparatus A instead of conducting it direct into the said
apparatus through the aperture K in the side-wall of the kiln as above described.
Of the accompanying drawings:-
Fig. VII is a section of apparatus showing communication of aircourse
therewith.
Fig. VIII is a section of aircourse and apparatus.
Fig. IX is a ground plan of kiln heated by means of 2 fire baskets.
Fig. X is a ground plan of kiln heated by means of 4 fire baskets.
Fig. XI is a ground plan of kiln heated by means of 6 fire baskets.
The floor line is shown in Figs. VII and VIII by the letters Z. Z.
D in Figs. VII VIII IX X & XI represents an aircourse extending from each
side of kiln, 1 foot or thereabout below the floor line Z Z in Figs. VII & VIII.
It is about 2 feet wide by 2 feet deep, as shown by D in Fig. VII & by DD
in Fig. VIII & by D D D D (dotted lines) in Figs. IX X & XI.
CC in Fig. VII represent fire baskets CC in Fig. IX, C C C C in Fig. X, &
C C C C C C in Fig. XI represent space under fire baskets as above described.
B B in Figs. VII & IX, B B B B in Fig. X & B B B B B B in Fig. XI
represent connecting boxes as above described.
A in Figs. VII VIII IX X & A A A in Fig. XI represent the said
apparatus.
In each instance where an aircourse is used beneath the floor line as above set
forth the apparatus A has a false bottom or grating about 2 feet by 2 feet shown
as F (dotted line) in Figs. VII & VIII and as F in Figs. IX & X & as F. F. F.
in Fig. XI, this false bottom or grating being connected with the aircourse D
mentioned above as shown at F in Figs. VII & VIII.
The dampers I. I. I. I. shown in Figs. VII IX X & XI are similar in dimension
construction & operation to the damper I. I. herein before described. The proper
position of the said dampers is shown by I. I. I. I. in Figs. VII & IX where
there are 2 fire baskets (at C. C.), in Fig. X where there are 4 fire baskets
(at CCC C) and in Fig. XI where there are six fire baskets (at C C C C C C).
In the last mentioned case three apparatus are employed as shown by A A A in
Fig. XI.
The draught of air is taken from the said aircourse through the false bottom or
grating F into the apparatus A and by means of raising or lowering the said lid E
and the said dampers I. I. I. I. is regulated in respect of each fire basket as
hereinbefore described.
The foregoing statements apply only to such kilns as are heated by firebaskets
placed wholly within the kiln and not attached to or built through the side walls
thereof.
Of the accompanying drawings:
:-
Fig. XII is a section of a sidewall of a kiln having the firegrate built through
the side wall and it shows a side elevation of the said firegrate.
Fig. XIII is an elevation of side wall of the said last mentioned kiln.
Fig. XIV is a plan of the side wall and aperture of the said last mentioned kilu.
The floor line is shown in Figs. XII and XIII by the letters Z Z Z.
Where the kiln is heated by means of one or more firegrates built through the
side wall of the kiln so that a direct draught is obtained from outside (as C. C.
Figs. XII and XIII) I close in the sides of the space beneath the firegrate C with
brick work or iron plates as herein before described and as shown by Min Fig. XII
and I close the back of the said space with a single air door or double air doors as
hereinbefore described and as shown by H H in Figs. III and XII.
I further employ a damper (shown by 2 in Figs. XII XIII and XIV) composed
of inch cast iron fitted in grooves (shown by V V V in Figs. XII XIII and XIV)

page_text: and so hung (as shown at ff in Figs. XII and XIII) that it can be raised entirely
above the aperture (Y Y in Fig. XII) in the side wall of the kiln or lowered
down to the floor line (Z Z in Figs. XII and XIII) or placed in any intermediate
position.
When the said damper is lowered to the level of the firegrate as shown in
Fig. XII it entirely closes that part of the aperture (Y in Fig. XII) which is
above the firegrate and a strong draught of air will pass through that part of
the aperture (Y in Fig. XII) which is below the firegrate and up through the
grate itself the doors (H H in Fig. XII) being closed or if the said doors are
opened the air will pass partly through the grate and partly through the open
doors into the kiln.
When the said damper is lowered down to the floor line (Z Z in Figs. XII
and XIII) it closes all that part of the aperture (Y in Fig. XII) which is
below the firegrate and that part of the said aperture which is above the fire-
grate remains open and by this means a draught of cool air is made to pass
over the firegrate up into the kiln. Thus by opening or closing the said air
doors and wholly or partly raising or lowering the said damper the draught of
hot or cold air can be created, stopped increased diminished and regulated as
desired.
In Figs. I II VII VIII & XII of the accompanying drawings the small
arrows there appearing are employed to show the direction of the air draught.
I prefer to construct the aforesaid apparatus (A) connecting boxes (B B) air
doors (H H) and dampers of iron as herein before stated but they may be
constructed of any other suitable material.
Where the firebaskets (C. C.) are considerably larger than those shown by
the accompanying drawings it is desirable to make the aforesaid apparatus (A)
of larger dimensions both in height & width to correspond with the height &
width of the said firebaskets in which case the height & width of the connecting
boxes (BB) & of the aperture (K) should be increased in a similar degree.
Moreover in cases where it is more convenient for purposes of connecting the
aforesaid apparatus (A) with the firebaskets (C. C.) the said apparatus may be
made of triangular shape so as to be enclosed by three sides instead of four each
side of the said apparatus adjacent to a firebasket being composed of a
damper (I. I.) as above described & the aperture in the top of A & the lid E
being made of a circular or other convenient shape.
Having now particularly described & ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
(1) The apparatus designated A in the accompanying drawings and hereinbefore
more particularly described.
(2) The general arrangement of the several airchambers air-doors, connecting..
boxes, dampers, lid, & aircourse substantially as herein before described.
Dated this 30th day of September 1895.
GEORGE REYNOLDS.