matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED COMBINATION OF APPARATUS FOR WINDING AND TWISTING CERTAIN SPECIES OF YARNS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Hall at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,, on the 12th March.
1867.
I, WILLIAM HALL, of Bradford, in the County of York, Manufacturer, do
5 hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED COMBINATION
OF APPARATUS FOR WINDING AND TWISTING CERTAIN SPECIES OF YARNS," to be
as follows:-
It is well known that by the existing methods the processes of winding
and twisting are performed on two different machines as involving two
separate and distinct operations, and consequently a considerable amount of
labour, is requisite to accomplish the desired result.
For this j
For this purpose,
To simplify these processes is the object of my Invention.
as may be inferred from my title, I effect the two operations in one machine,
taking an ordinary winding machine underneath what is known as the "band
cylinder," which actuates the spindles upon which the spools containing the
twisted yarns are formed. I place a similar cylinder which actuates the
"warls" or small grooved pulleys revolving on hollow fixed studs or spindles
secured to a front rail of the machine and placed below the upper spindles ;
bobbins or spools containing one of the yarns to be twisted are caused to
rotate round the hollow fixed studs or spindles by means of projections on
the upper surface of the "warls" or other suitable contrivance.

page_text: The operation is as follows:-Assuming, for example, that it be required to
wind and twist angola yarn with cotton yarn I place a cop of angola yarn
upon a creel board and underneath each hollow stud or spindle, pass it through
the same, and there unite it with the cotton yarn carried by the spool on the
lower or fixed spindle, thence pass it over a friction bar placed just above it,
and under another friction bar placed in proximity to the spindle above it,
and connect it to the spool on the same. The machine being set in motion
the operation of twisting is effectually accomplished upon the angola yarn
coming in contact with the cotton yarn, the winding process being effected
by the upper spindle, the shape of the spool being formed by a cup (having
a vertical slit) and the usual lift motion.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN SAFETY LAMPS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Wilson Lowther and
Thomas Bennett at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 13th November 1867.
We, JOSEPH WILSON LOWTHEB, of the City of Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Manufacturer, and THOMAS BENNETT, of the same Place, Brass
Founder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SAFETY LAMPS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of improvements in safety lamps for mining and
other purposes.
The vessel containing the oil is made of any desired shape, but instead of
allowing the rods and wire gauze to be attached by screws or catches to the
oil vessel we cause them to be immovably fixed to the said vessel so that the
protecting gauze cannot possibly be removed unless wilfully broken. We
pass the wick through a perforated tube in the body of the oil vessel from the
bottom, and close the vessel with an ordinary lock nut or screw. The wick is
ignited before it is passed through the oil vessel, and a supply of wick is then
placed in the vessel through the bottom aperture; the said aperture is then
closed by the lock nut or screw, after which the oil is supplied and the wick
raised or fed by means of a screw or wire.
The chief peculiarities of our Invention are, that the protecting gauze
cannot be removed, nor can the ignited wick be taken out without emptying
the oil vessel and extinguishing the light; thus the danger of explosion is
avoided.
A NEW METHOD OF BRONZING METALLIC AND OTHER SURFACES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Storey, William Edward
Bickerdike, and William Virgo Wilson at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 2nd April 1867.
We, JOSEPH STOREY and WILLIAM EDWARD BICKERDIKE, both of the Town
and County of Lancaster, Chemical Manufacturers, and WILLIAM VIRGO
WILSON, of Jubilee Street, Mile End, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW METHOD OF BRONZING
METALLIC AND OTHER SURFACES," to be as follows:-
It is well known that all the dye stuffs produced from aniline, such as
roseine or magenta aniline, or phenyl blues and violets, all the violet and
green dyes produced by the action of the iodides of the alcohol and beta
alcohol radicals upon rosaniline possess a brilliant bronze-like lustre in the
solid state. This new method of bronzing metallic and other surfaces consists
in the application of solutions more or less concentrated of the above-named
dyes in alcohol or other volatile solvent to polished surfaces, such as iron, steel,
and other metals, papier mâche, and paper rendered impervious by means of
varnishes or other well-known means, porcelain, slate, enamelled leather, bone,
ivory, and wood, when by the evaporation of the solvent either at ordinary or
elevated temperatures a film of the solid dye staff remains upon the surface,
presenting its characteristic lustre. We also use the solutions of mauve,
aurine azuline, and of the terebene dyes invented by Mr. William Henry
Perkin, as specified in his Patent, No. 2181, of Sept. 1864, and the violet
and blue dyes produced by the action of aldehyde upon rosaniline to the above-

page_text: named materials, and also to the coloring and bronzing of leather cloth.
These dyes may be applied by ordinary brushes or other suitable means, or
designs may be printed by pattern blocks, rollers, or other mechanical con-
trivances. The bronze solutions may contain shell-lac or any other soluble
gum for the purpose of rendering the bronzed surfaces more durable.
AN IMPROVED LUBRICATING COMPOUND
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Adolphus Edward Herrmann at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd July 1867. A communication from abroad by Heinrich Waltjen, of
Bremen.
1, ADOLPHUS EDWARD HERRMANN, of Mincing Lane, in the City of London.
Wine Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED LUBRICATING COMPOUND," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the production of a lubricating compound formed:
from lime soap (composed of lime, firm grease, and fine oils) dissolved in fine-
oils and paraffin oil. Burnt lime is slacked into lime white by adding four-
times its weight of water, and this lime white is boiled with tallow or other,
firm grease, such as that derived from palm oil or cocoa nut oil, to. which is..
added rape oil, or olive oil, or cotton seed oil, or any other fine oil.. This
boiling is continued until a soap is formed. The soap is then dissolved in a.
fine oil and again boiled, and afterwards mixed with paraffine oil,, or mineral.
oil, or petroleum. The proportions and the mode of treatment preferred, so far
as present experiments will form a guide, are as follows:-Take say 10 lbs..of
tallow, or palm oil, or cocoa nut oil, or any other firm grease, and melt with
about 20 lbs. of rape oil, or olive oil, or cotton seed oil, or other fine oil;
then add the lime white and boil and stir the compound until a high froth is

page_text: produced; then add say 70 lbs. rape oil or olive oil, and keep boiling until a
smooth hard soap is produced; to this soap add about 50 lbs. paraffine oil whilst
slowly stirring it, and repeat the addition of paraffine oil until the grease has
attained the desired consistency, which must be tried on a glass plate. When
about three-fourths of the paraffine oil that the compound will take has been
added mix in 10 lbs. of water, and continue boiling and stirring again until
the compound shows itself smooth, clear, and solid on the glass. The whole
contents of the boiler are then to be allowed to settle properly, and the
compound may then be removed and packed for the market.
IMPROVED APPARATUS OR MECHANISM FOR SUPPLYING STEAM BOILERS WITH WATER AND FOR PREVENTING THEIR EXPLOSION
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Banks Wright at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd February
1867.
I, HENRY BANKS WRIGHT, of Shelton, in the County of Nottingham,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
APPARATUS OR MECHANISM FOR SUPPLYING STEAM BOILERS WITH WATER AND FOR
PREVENTING THEIR EXPLOSION," to be as follows:-
In the upper portion of the boiler, in the place of the usual safety valve,
I substitute a weighted or counterbalanced valve, the object of which is to
utilize the excess of steam for forcing a fresh supply of water into the boiler
and not for letting off the steam into the atmosphere, as in ordinary safety
valves; this valve opens to a pipe leading from the valve way into a tank or
reservoir of water, from which tank or reservoir another pipe proceeds into
the boiler for introducing the fresh supply of water thereto. When the steam
pressure becomes so great as to overcome the valve weight the steam will be
let into the tank or reservoir, so as to force a supply of water into the boiler.
The better to insure certainty of action, and also to keep the supply of water
in the boiler to a sufficient or regulated level, I can use a float which rests
upon the surface of the water in the boiler, to which float I attach a flexible
or moveable tube, and this tube is attached to the said pipe communicating
from the tank or reservoir for introducing the supply of water into the boiler;
this flexible tube is provided with a valve for letting the water into the boiler,
and is also provided with a chain or guidestay secured to the inside shell of the
boiler, so as to keep the float as nearly as possible in the desired position; to

page_text: this float I attach a chain or connector, which passes through the boiler and
over a pulley wheel fixed outside, and from thence passes to the end of the
lever of the safety valve substitute, and is secured thereto, so that when the
water in the boiler gets below the regulated level the float sinks and operates
upon the safety valve substitute by means of the said chain or connector, and
opens the safety valve substitute so that the steam passes from the boiler along
the pipe first herein-before mentioned into the said tank or reservoir, and
forces therefrom a sufficient supply of water into the boiler.
If thought desirable, the tank or reservoir aforesaid may be provided with
a steam blow-off valve.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FINISHING TEXTILE AND OTHER FABRICS AND IN THE MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Gillies Lowndes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
December 1867.
1, ROBERT GILLIES LOWNDES, of the Firm of James Young and Sons,
Bleachers and Finishers, of Auldhousefield and Crofthead, both in the County
of Renfrew, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN FINISHING TEXTILE AND OTHER FABRICS AND IN THE
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR," to be as follows, that is to
say:-
This Invention essentially relates to a new arrangement and construction of
certain parts of that class of machinery used for finishing textile fabrics by the
process known as stenting or stretching.
The object of the present improvements is to firmly hold the edges of the
cloth or web by means of a species of clamp instead of by pins as at present
in use, thus avoiding the necessity of forming a series of sinall holes along the
edges of the cloth or web. The appliance for this purpose consists of a bar of
heavy material or of light material having a weight applied to it, the bar being
suspended from one or more brackets so that its under side rests upon a plate
of metal or other material; the bar rests upon the edge of the cloth and as
the stenting or stretching operation is conducted the tension of the cloth
combined with the weight of the bar resting upon it has the effect of increasing
the pressure of the weighted bar, so that as the stretching action is increased
the gripping power of the weighted bar also becomes greater. The foregoing

page_text: description refers only to one of the special appliances; it is however to be
understood that several of them are to be employed by being fixed either to
moveable progressive or stationary stretching frames by being fastened to the
traversing and reciprocating chains of the former and the upper or under sides
of the latter.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MEANS OF COOLING BEVERAGES, ALSO APPLICABLE FOR PRESERVING SUBSTANCES FROM THE ACTION OF HEAT
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Melville Clark at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
June 1867. A communication from abroad by Auguste Charles Joseph
Lengelée, Mechanican, and Paul Fréderic Rozée, Merchant, both of
29, Boulevart St. Martin, Paris.
I, ALEXANDER MELVILLE CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MEANS OF COOLING BEVERAGES, ALSO APPLICABLE FOR PRESERVING
SUBSTANCES FROM THE ACTION OF HEAT," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a means of keeping liquids or beverages constantly
cool while being consumed, by the aid of glasses or vessels herein-after
described, which are chiefly applicable for use in restaurants, cafés, taps, and
other public establishments where liquids are dispensed, but are also applicable
in other cases. For this purpose I use glasses with double sides, known in the
glass trade, and fill the annular space with water which is then converted into.
ice in a similar manner to icing a carafe; a thickness of ice is thus formed,.
and the drink being served in the vessel will be kept cool until the ice is.
entirely melted. In this manner beer, liquors, champagne, and other drinks
may be kept in a perfectly fresh condition in these glasses. Substances liable
to spoil on being subjected to great heat may also be placed in vessels or
bottles of any form or dimensions baving double sides and containing ice pro-
duced as above; in this manner they may be preserved or transported without
becoming deteriorated.

page_text: The accompanying Drawing shows two glasses in vertical section. a is the
space for containing the liquid to be consumed; the hollow space need not
extend to the upper part b, so as to show the quality of the liquid and enable
the edge to be thin which is applied to the lips in drinking. c, annular space
which is nearly filled with water and then frozen in a mixture of ice and salt;
d, cork or stopper for closing the orifice at bottom, at which the refrigerating
liquid is introduced.
The Invention consists in the mode of freezing liquids in the glasses or
vessels themselves, and also, in the application of glasses or vessels with double
sides for this purpose.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR WORKING PUNKAHS,' THE SAME BEING ALSO APPLICABLE FOR WATERING "TATTIES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Logan at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th January
1867.
I, GEORGE LOGAN, of Kelso, in the County of Roxburgh, in Scotland, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS
FOR WORKING PUNKAHS,' THE SAME BEING ALSO APPLICABLE FOR WATERING
"TATTIES," to be as follows:-
The first portion of my Invention refers to the apparatus for working
"punkabs." It is applicable to single rooms or private houses, but is specially
adapted to barracks or in buildings where there are long rooms and a great
number of "punkahs," and is calculated to reduce the expence of so many
coolies as are now required to do the work by hand. In any convenient
position I have toothed gear driven by hand power in particular cases, but
specially adapted for horses, or, by preference, bullocks. This machinery
gives motion by endless bands to pulleys in the rooms or barracks; these give
a rectilinear motion by means of eccentrics or cranks and connecting rods or
levers attached to one end of the "punkahs," which are hinged so as to allow
them to move freely. The "punkahs" are stiffened by rods or battens of
thin wood or other material running down the sides. Where two sets of
"punkahs" are used two eccentrics may be employed and may be set opposite
each other, so that one set of "punkahs" may be going in one direction and

page_text: the other in the opposite. By means of toothed gearing or bands and pulleys
this apparatus may be carried in any direction to the rooms required. By
varying the leverage on the "punkahs" or by altering the eccentrics any amount
of play may be obtained for the "punkahs."
The second portion of my Invention relates to the watering of "tatties." This
I accomplish by similar machinery, but in place of the rectilinear motion
given by the eccentrics I have a revolving band with buckets attached, which
dip in a reservoir of water, and so convey it to the top of the room or apart-
ment over a pulley and empty it into a cistern for holding it, whence it is
allowed to fall regularly on to the "tattie." Any number of this apparatus
may be fitted up in a barracks, and all driven by the machinery already
described.
CERTAIN IMPROVE. MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TUBULAR FLYERS EMPLOYED IN SPINNING AND TWISTING FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joshua Horton, at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th June 1867.
I, JOSHUA HORTON, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for " CERTAIN IMPROVE.
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TUBULAR FLYERS EMPLOYED IN SPINNING AND
TWISTING FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the manufacture of such flyers as are called
"tube flyers," and are principally employed in such machines as "roving,"
"slubbing," "intermediate," and "jack frames," which are used for spinning
and twisting fibrous materials. And the Invention is designed to manufacture
or form the tubular leg or legs. of such flyers in such a manner as to obviate
the usual tendency of the tube to crack or split in the direction of its length
whilst being curved into a tube from a flat surface.
The improvements consist in so forming the metallic blank from which
the tubular leg is to be made that the grain or fibre of the metal shall
extend in the direction of the curve of the tube (that is, around or across
the fly leg) instead of the grain being in the direction of the length of the
leg, with which arrangement it will be evident that a tube can be readily bent
and formed if the grain or fibre be with the curve, which would crack in bending
if the grain were across the curve.

page_text: This arrangement of the fibre or grain in relation to the curve may be
effected in several ways, but the method I adopt as most simple and practical
is as follows:-The metal is rolled in bars of any length and of a width
corresponding with the length of the leg of the flyer, such bars having the
grain running in the direction of the length of the bar, one side widthwise of
such bar near the edge is thick, and it is tapered and flattened down from a
shoulder to the other side so that the greater part of the width of the bar is
thin. To form blanks for the flyers these bars are cut across at certain
widths each making a blank with the grain extending across it, the thick end
is punched to receive the spindle socket, and from this point the manufacture
may be carried on as usual, and it will be found that in the process of
forming the tubular leg that it will readily bend without cracking.
A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF FACILITATING THE REMOVAL OF SNOW, HAIL, OR ICE FROM STREETS OR OTHER PLACES BY MEANS OF STEAM OR HOT AIR INJECTED UPON IT IN A CLOSE CHAMBER
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles James Pownall at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
January 1867.
I, CHARLES JAMES POWNALL, of the Union Club, London, Gentleman, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED
METHOD OF FACILITATING THE REMOVAL OF SNOW, HAIL, OR ICE FROM STREETS OR
OTHER PLACES BY MEANS OF STEAM OR HOT AIR INJECTED UPON IT IN A CLOSE
CHAMBER," to be as follows:-
My said Invention is for the purpose of dispensing with the necessity of
carting or carrying away and for facilitating the immediate removal of snow,
hail, or ice from the public streets or other places by means of dissolving or
converting it into water. For this purpose I cause to be constructed of iron,
or timber, or other material a steam-tight vessel of suitable shape and size,
which if necessary may be mounted on a carriage to facilitate its removal from
place to place. This vessel may be divided into two or more compartments,
the object being that while the process of convertion is proceeding in one the
others are being filled with snow. Each of these compartments to have a
perforated lining inside with a space between the lining and the sides of the
vessel, so that the steam or hot air may circulate on all sides; or if found
more suitable pipes for injecting the steam or hot air upon the snow may
be employed; or the arrangement of perforated linings may be used in con-
junction with the injection pipes. Each chamber to have a door or lid for
filling in the snow, which shall be capable of being readily secured, so as

page_text: when shut to make a tight joint all round, and also to have a valve or
cock at the bottom for the escape of the water produced by the conversion.
A steam boiler or hot-air apparatus capable of generating a sufficient supply
of steam or hot air is to be provided having a force pump, and all other
necessary fittings; this boiler may be either on the same carriage as the
snow chamber or seperate from it, with suitable connections for the passage
of the steam between them.
My plan is to fill one of the compartments with snow from the streets or
other places where it is desirable to remove it, then shutting down and
securing the door or lid turn on the steam or hot air from the boiler in such
a quantity as to throughly dissolve or melt the snow, during which the filling
of the other compartment may be proceeded with; and this process may be
thus repeated ad infinitum.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR GENERATING STEAM
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Johann Heinrich Evers at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th August 1867.
I, JOHANN HEINRICH EVERS, of Altona, in the Kingdom of Prussia, Civil
Engineer, but now residing in the Minories, in the City of London, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR
GENERATING STEAM," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improved apparatus for generating steam relates to that
class of steam generators in which the water is regularly supplied in small
quantities to a steam generator, which is heated by a naked fire in such a
manner as to flash the water into steam immediately upon its introduction into
the steam generator. My improved apparatus is formed of a coil or coils of
pipe wound round and arranged in any desired shape so as to form a fire-
place. This arrangement of pipes is placed in a sand mould prepared for the
purpose of corresponding shape, and round it is cast molten iron so as to
enclose the coil or coils of pipe in solid metal. A convenient form of steam
generator constructed in this manner is that of a short bottle or decanter
with the bottom removed so as to provide a place for the fire-bars. The top
or neck of the bottle is open, but is capable of being closed by a removeable
stopper or cover. When the fire in the fire-place is lighted the fuel is charged
in from above by removing the cover, and heated gases from the fire after
beating the sides of the generator pass off through a flue to the chimney,
while the steam passes off from the upper end of the coil or coils of pipe to

page_text: the engine to be driven. A regulated quantity of water (according to the
capacity of the steam generator) is supplied from a suitable reservoir by a
feed pump or other well-known or suitable feeding apparatus to the lower ends
of the coil or coils of tube, and immediately this water comes in contact with
the heated metal it becomes converted into steam and passes off at the upper
end to the engine, as already explained. The generator is set in masonry; but
in order to utilize as much as possible of, the heat given off from the fire, and
which would be transmitted through the sides of the generator, the latter may
be enveloped in a jacket into which the feed water may be pumped from the
reservoir before entering the generator.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Williams at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th January
1867.
I, THOMAS WILLIAMS, of Victoria Mill, Miles Platting (Cotton Spinner),
in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN DOUBLING
COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
My Invention is designed to prevent "waste" in doubling yarns, arising
from the breaking of the "ends," which causes waste and accumulation, or
"roller laps on the delivery rollers.
The improvements consist in the use and application of a wedge-shape
piece of metal; which is caused to enter between the delivery rollers so as
to lift the upper one from contact with the lower, and thereby to prevent
its rotation and consequent delivery of the yarn. This wedge is attached to a
bent wire lever passing by the side of the top roller and twisted round a
horizontal pin on the top part of the "roller cap bar," which forms the fulcrum
of the wire lever, and from its position enables the wire to move the wedge a
considerable distance, and the end of the wire is extended downwards and the
extremity is bent at right angles, over which end the yarn passes to the
bobbin, so that as long as the yarn becomes disunited or slack the end of

page_text: the lever rises and allows the wedge to fall between the rollers and so stops
the delivery of the yarn. I would here remark that I am aware that the top
roller has been so operated upon by other mechanical appliances, but the chief
feature of my Invention is the use of a simple and cheap construction of
apparatus consisting of a bent wire lever and wedge to effect such purpose.
5
LITHOGRAPHIC STONE GRINDING, GRAINING, POLISHING, AND INK AND COLOUR GRINDING APPARATUS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas William Nicholson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
March 1867.
I, THOMAS WILLIAM NICHOLSON, of No. 3, Bell Yard, Gracechurch Street,
in the City of London, Lithographer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "LITHOGRAPHIC STONE GRINDING, GRAINING, POLISHING, AND INK
AND COLOUR GRINDING APPARATUS," to be as follows :—
I first construct a trough, such as is commonly used by lithographers, in the
centre of which I erect a pedestal of galvanized iron, through which at right
angles I pass a shaft, and on the end of the shaft place a beveled wheel, on
the other end a driving handle assisted by a fly wheel when used by hand
power, but when used by steam power and bands a pulley is substituted for
the fly wheel; through the head of the pedestal I insert another shaft, on
which is another beveled wheel at right angles with the first-named wheel;
this shaft is surmounted by a cam in which is a bolt, on which is fixed a
slotted bar stretching right and left of the pedestal. The fly wheel shaft being
turned gives a circular motion to the upright one on which the cam is fixed.
In the slotted bar I place a portable bolt, through which I fit an upright round
shaft, at the lower extremity I fix a disc perforated and filled with sand and
water which forms a levigator; these levigators may be multiplied ad libitum
according to the length of the slotted bar. The slotted bar may also be forked
with other slotted bars to allow of two or more discs being used to expedite

page_text: the grinding of larger stones, circular rectangular motion being given to the
discs by the cam, thus securing a perfectly flat face to the stone, which when
ground may be turned on its face and the background, the stone then becomes
perfectly flat and of even thickness so highly essential for lithographic machines.
I also construct a thumbscrew socket, in which I fix a lithographic stone,
and this is substituted for the disc, and by this means the number of stones
prepared is duplicated.
For Polishing Stones.-On the outer end of the fly wheel shaft I place a
rigger gearing by twisted band with a grooved wheel on a horizontal telescopic
cranked shaft, into the cranks I insert another shaft, to the end of which I
affix a thumb screw socket like the one in the grinding apparatus to carry
pumice or snake stone, and as the shaft revolves the crank takes the socket
backwards and forwards across the stone, water dropping on the stone during
the operation; the stone to be polished moving backward and forward by
a fast and loose pulley acting on an endless screw similar to that used by
engineers in their iron-planing machines. When the stones are ground and
polished an enlargement of the slotted bar acts as a parallel guage to test the
equal thickness of the stones so prepared.
For Grinding Color.-The same process is employed as in polishing stones
by substituting a muller in place of pumice or snake stone.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF APPARATUS FOR CARBURETTING GAS AND ATMOSPHERIC AIR
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Tristie James Ellis at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th December
1867.
I, TRISTIE JAMES ELLIS, of Abingdon Street, in the City of Westminster,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF APPARATUS FOR
CARBURETTING GAS AND ATMOSPHERIC AIR," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the construction and arrangement of an apparatus
having a reservoir at the upper part thereof for the purpose of containing
the carburetting liquid. The liquid passes from the reservoir through a tube,
which is provided with a regulating valve and descends nearly to the bottom
of the apparatus and rises again, the orifice thereof being close to the under
side of the reservoir. The carburetting liquid passes through the tube and
falls into a chamber, having at its under side small perforations, through
which the liquid descends into wicks of cotton or other suitable material,
which are arranged vertically in a second chamber below, so that the liquid
shall trickle or flow down the wicks. The liquid which is not evaporated
from the wicks passes into the bottom of the chamber. One or more con-
densing chambers is or are provided, the same being cooled by the evaporation
of liquid, the gas or air being first allowed to pass into such chamber or
chambers. The result of this arrangement is that the deposit of the tar,
water, vapor, or other product on the wicks is prevented. An air space may
be furnished, into which the gas or air may pass (before or after it has
been carburetted) on the outside to keep the condensing chamber or chambers

page_text: from being affected by the temperature of the external air, or to form another
condensing chamber. In order to prevent any sudden flow of liquid into the
first chamber a float valve is provided, the same being attached to a spindle,
which passes through a tube into the upper portion of the reservoir, the same
being connected by levers or in any suitable manner with the regulating
valve. The valve can be so adjusted as to admit of a sufficient flow of liquid
to cleanse the wicks when desired. The lower part of the second chamber is
recessed and furnished with a plug to draw off the liquid and any water or
other substance which may accumulate therein. The condensing chambers
are provided with similar plugs.
A REGULATING LEVEL
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th July
1867. A communication from abroad by André Durand, of 39,
Faubourg St. Martin, Paris, France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son, of No. 11,
Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A REGULATING LEVEL,"
a communication to me from abroad by André Durand, of 39, Faubourg
St. Martin, Paris, France, to be as follows:-
This improved level has the property of shewing by means of an adjusting
screw, a spring, a dial; and an index, the degrees of inclination of slopes or
inclines with the most perfect precision. It is composed (as illustrated on the
accompanying Sheet of Drawing forming part of this Provisional Specification)
of a fixed plate intended to be laid on the incline. At the end of this plate is
fixed the level by a pin or a hinge, so that it may be made to oscillate to preserve
its horizontal position. It will be evident that the more rapid the incline the
greater will be the opening of the angle formed by the level and its plate, and
there is therefore placed at the end of the level a dial, which acting as a tell-
tale shews the degrees of opening of the level and gives per contra the
difference which exists between the incline on which the level is placed and

page_text: the horizontal. As it would be very difficult to indicate upon a very small
level such slight inclines, as, for example, the or of an inch in a yard,
the head of the adjusting screw is divided so as to give the fractions of an
inch or other measurement which will be indicated by an index placed on the
level.
IMPROVEMENTS IN METAL TIES OR BANDS FOR SECURING BALES OF COTTON OR OTHER SUBSTANCE
Year: 1867

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection only:)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, oninthe 15th August
1867. A communication from abroad by John Wesley Hedenberg,
of Chicago, Illinois, United States of America.
I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the "International Patent Office," No. 8,
Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Con-
sulting Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN METAL TIES OR BANDS FOR SECURING BALES OF COTTON OR
OTHER SUBSTANCE," a communication, to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to produce a cheap and efficient tie that can
be used in securing cotton or other materials in bales which will not be
released or unfastened in handling.
In the construction of my improved tie I make use of ordinary hoop or
band iron of the requisite width. The two ends of the band are brought
together and made to overlap each other sufficiently to answer the desired
purpose. Slots are cut in the outer overlapping end of the band, and a key
is fastened to the other end of the said band; this key is made in a peculiar
shape, with one side extending much further from its centre pivot than the
other, and the surface of its head is made to incline at an angle of about ten
degrees. The said key is fastened permanently to the end of the band, and
this end is turned back so as to form a double thickness, through which the
key passes; or it may be made with a washer instead of having the end turned
back, the object being to give greater strength to this part of the band. I

page_text: employ by preference two or more keys of this character in making my
improved tie. The slots are made wider in certain parts than in other parts
to allow the keys to be passed through the same. The band having been
passed around the bale, and the two ends of the band brought together, the
said ends are slightly twisted in opposite directions, and then by a lateral
motion the keys are inserted through the enlarged part of the slots; the said
keys are then slipped along to the narrow ends of the slots, and the two
ends of the tie are thereby connected; this tie requires a lateral motion
to disconnect its two ends, and will therefore be found superior in many
respects to other ties now in use, which are liable to become unfastened or
unlocked when a bale is compressed between other bales. By my improved
method of construction I am enabled. to use two or more keys, and thereby
greatly strengthen the tie.
A NEW MANUFACTURE OF WOVEN FABRICS IMITATING FABRICS WOVEN WITH HORSEHAIR
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Cleland and Robert
Cunningham at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 15th August 1867.
We, ROBERT CLELAND and ROBERT CUNNINGHAM, both of Paisley, in the
County of Renfrew, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A NEW MANUFACTURE OF WOVEN FABRICS IMITATING FABRICS
WOVEN WITH HORSEHAIR," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to the manufacture.of new woven fabrics, which, whilst
imitating fabrics that have been or may be woven with horsehair, and being
equal or very nearly equal in appearance and other qualities to such fabrics,
have amongst various advantages those of being capable of being made in
greater widths, of being susceptible of more varied colorings and designs, and
of greatly reduced cost.
The Invention consists in weaving "seating" or fabrics for covering
furniture and "crinoline" or fabrics for skirts and other parts of wearing
apparel, and also other fabrics, with cotton, thread, or other suitable spun
material instead of the horsehair hitherto used in weaving such fabrics, the
cotton thread or other spun material having the requisite hair-like consistency
and glaze imparted to it by processes of dressing and polishing, such as are
already in use by thread manufacturers for other purposes.
The polished

page_text: thread thus substituted for hair may like hair be combined in weaving with
any other suitable material. It is one obvious advantage of the new fabrics
that the polished thread if used as weft may be woven continuously instead of
being in short lengths like. hair, whilst in some fabrics the warps may be of
the polished thread..
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IMPROVEMENTS IN HEALDS OR HEDDLES USED IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Whittaker and Benjamin
Croasdale at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 23rd April 1867.
We, DAVID WHITTAKER and BENJAMIN CROASDALE, of Blackburn, in the
County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN HEALDS OR HEDDLES USED IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to those descriptions of healds or heddles in which
metal wires having eyes are substituted for the ordinary heald cords and
eyes.
Hitherto each eye has been formed by punching a hole in the wire, or by
leaving a space when two thin wires are twisted together, thereby making the
eye perfectly rigid, with the entire length of the wire between the heald staves,
which rigidity has been found in practice to be a great inconvenience.
Our Invention consists in attaching loose eyes to metal wires, and in the
modes of bending or shaping the wires so that this object can be attained.
In one mode we form two loops at the ends of two pieces of wire, and link
two eyes to the loops.
In another mode we take two pieces of wire for each eye, and form in each
wire a loop in the middle. The wires are bent nearly together and brought
over the beald staves and the ends soldered or otherwise connected together,
and to the two loops of the two wires we link an eye, and so on for as many
wires and eyes as the heald requires.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SEPARATING PYRITES, SHALE, AND OTHER IMPURITIES FROM COAL
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Hargreaves at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd September
1867.
I, JAMES HARGREAVES, of Appleton-within-Widnes, in the County of Lan-
caster, Analytical Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SEPARATING PYRITES, SHALE, AND OTHER IMPURITIES FROM
COAL," to be as follows:-
The separation of impurities from coal is effected, according to my Invention,
by the employment of a solution or liquid, called by me the separating solution,
of a density intermediate between the specific gravities of the coal and the
impurities to be removed. When the impurities are of higher specific gravity
than the coal, the separating solution is of such a density that the coal will
float whilst the impurities will sink to the bottom of the vessel containing
the said separating solution; but when the impurities are lighter than the
coal, then the separating solution is made of less density than the coal and
heavier than the impurities, so that the coal will sink while the impurities will
float. The said separating solution can be obtained by mixing sulphate of
soda, chloride of calcium, chloride of iron, or chloride of manganese in water,
or by using any other salt or suitable agent or substance. Regard is to be had
however to the character of the separating solution employed in its relation to
the manufacture to which the pure coal is to be applied; as instances, sulphate
of soda can be beneficially used when the pure coal is to be burnt in the
process of making soda from sulphate of soda, although its use when the
pure

page_text: coal was to be employed in the manufacture of iron would not be advan-
tageous. The chloride of calcium, manganese, and iron, on the other hand,
can be used with great advantage when the separated coal is to be employed
as fuel in the manufacture of iron.
In carrying my Invention into effect, I place the said separating solution
in a vat or vessel. The coal, as taken from the mine or otherwise, but
preferably in the condition known as "slack," is tipped or thrown on or
amongst the said solution, and then both the solution and the coal and im-
purities are well stirred by a rake, or agitated by a revolving agitator, or other
means. According to the character of the separation required the coal or the
impurities are skimmed, drawn, or pushed off from the solution.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN LADDERS SUITABLE FOR FIRE-ESCAPES AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Smith at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th September
1867.
I, GEORGE SMITH, of Upper Thames Street, in the City of London,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LADDERS SUITABLE FOR FIRE-ESCAPES AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction, arrangement, and
combination of parts constituting an extending ladder which may be readily
extended or contracted as circumstances may require, and may be employed
either as a fire-escape or for the ordinary purposes for which common ladders
are now used.
According to my Invention I combine two or more ladders, according to the
amount of extensibility required, disposed one within the other, the inner ones
being capable of sliding in the outer ones. The outer ladder of the series is
pivotted or carried on hinges or centres at its lower end, such centres being
fixed on a carriage mounted on wheels for the facility of transport. A quadrant
rack and pinion combined with a ratchet wheel and detent enable the vertical
angle of the ladder to be adjusted to any required degree, so as to admit of
the upper end of the ladder being placed against the side of a building. Each
of the inner ladders work in a longitudinal groove made in the inner side of
the next outer ladder, ribs or projections being provided on the outer edges of

page_text: the inner ladders, and sliding in the grooves above referred to. By this means
the several lengths of ladder are held rigid when run out or extended.
The extending of this compound ladder is accomplished by the aid of a
transverse shaft carried in bearings of its own mounted on the carriage and
turned by a winch handle; this shaft is provided with two spur pinions of a
width equal to the total width of the sides of the series of ladders, and upon
the face of each side of each of the inner ladders there is formed a rack, into
which racks the pinions gear successively, and elevate the several lengths one
by one, each length being locked by a spring or other bolt so soon as it has
been fully run out. A ratchet wheel is mounted on the pinion shaft, and a
detent provided for the purpose of preventing any accidental running down of
the lengths of ladder before they have been locked by the bolts for that
purpose. When used as a fire-escape a pulley is fitted on to the top of the
inner length of the ladder, over which a rope or chain is passed supporting a
car, such car being raised or lowered to and from any upper floor windows by
means of a windlass, also carried on the main carriage or platform of the
apparatus, a detent arrangement being here also applied for preventing the
car from descending accidentally.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR OBTAINING AND GIVING OFF MOTIVE POWER FOR THE PURPOSE OF WORKING THE DIFFERENT KINDS OF MACHINES IN ANY MINES, OR FOR HAULING, DRIVING, OR DRAWING ANY KIND OF CARRIAGES IN MINES OR OTHER PLACES
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Loxley Horsfield at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd March
1867.
I, LOXLEY HORSFIELD, of Leeds, in the County of York, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR OBTAINING AND GIVING OFF MOTIVE POWER FOR THE PURPOSE OF
WORKING THE DIFFERENT KINDS OF MACHINES IN ANY MINES, OR FOR HAULING,
DRIVING, OR DRAWING ANY KIND OF CARRIAGES IN MINES OR OTHER PLACES," to be
as follows:-
This Invention consists of an improved arrangement for compressing air and
conveying it to any part of the mine or other place necessary for giving off
motive power instead of laying down pipes to a distance from the shaft or
entrance to the mine. I make strong air-tight receivers mounted on wheels
placed on a carriage, and I compress the air into the same; by these means I
am enabled to convey to any distance compressed air, and give off power for
working an engine for a length of time, according to the size of my receiver,
which may be varied in size, and the pressure of air contained therein.
To charge the air vessel, and to obtain the requisite pressure of air, I employ
air pumps driven by an ordinary steam engine or other motive power, and I
place the air vessels on suitable frames, and so arranged that I charge or force
the air into one recipient or air vessel, and when so charged to a given pressure
I draw the air from the first air vessel to charge a second recipient or air
vessel, and so on to as many as may be required until I obtain the pressure

page_text: of air that may be desired, giving the necessary power to the engine to work
the machine it has to put in motion. By drawing the air from one vessel
charged at a given pressure of air, and taking the air from the vessel so charged
or compressed, and forcing this air into a second vessel, I gradually increase
the pressure of the air from the one to the other, and from this second vessel
force it into a third, and so on to as many as may be required, drawing from
the one and forcing the air into another until I obtain the requisite pressure
of air to drive the engine to or the work it has to perform.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY FASTENINGS
Year: 1867

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles James Appleby at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with bis Petition, on the
2nd October 1867.
I, CHARLES JAMES APPLEBY, of Emerson St., Southwark, in the County
of Surrey, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY FASTENINGS," to be as follows:-
My improvement consists in the application of steel collars of suitable form
to the necks of bolts or railway fastenings; and the object of the Invention is
to prevent the great wear on bolts or fastenings caused by vibratory contact
with steel or other rails.