Improvements in Refuse Furnaces and Apparatus connected therewith.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 2nd May, 1892
Complete Specification Left, 20th June, 1892-Accepted, 23rd July, 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Refuse Furnaces and Apparatus connected
therewith.
1, BRIERLEY Denham Healey of Bamber Bridge in the County of Lancaster,
Civil Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention refers to what may be termed an automatic town's refuse disposal
plant, and includes,
(1) A depôt which is supplied with a number of movable boxes or wagons,
sufficient to contain the daily refuse of the district which is to be served.
(2) An elevator lift crane or other suitable appliances for lifting the boxes of
refuse up to the feeding floor where they are placed upon a turntable or emptied
into boxes forming a turntable.
(3) A turntable for receiving the boxes of refuse or built with a number of boxes
on its outer edge, which boxes have falling doors in the bottom actuated so as to
open only when over the feeding hopper.
(4) A revolving dehydrating chamber inclined about 1 in 12 into which the
refuse is charged automatically and dried by the heat from a reducing furnace,
which is built at the lower end of the revolver.
(5) Automatic gearing for moving the turntable, feeding the refuse into a
revolving dehydrator, and for turning the dehydrator, all to run at variable speeds
to suit each other.
(6) A reducing furnace into which the dried refuse from the revolver falls in
one continuous stream, say for example at the rate of 2lbs. per second, or 1 cwt.
per minute or 3 tons per hour.
(7) A crematory for burning the fumes given off in burning and drying the
refuse, in which crematory gaseous fuel, oil fuel, or coke may be used in any
convenient and well known way.
The general arrangement of the revolving chamber hereinafter called the
"revolver;" the automatic feeding gear hereinafter called the "feeder," and the
fumes cremator hereinafter called the " cremator may be understood by reference
to the Specification of Patent No. 177, A.D. 1888.
"
According to the present invention I build a reducing furnace, hereinafter
called the "reducer" at the lower end of the "revolver into which the dried
refuse falls regularly, and where it is reduced to slag by means of hot blast under
pressure.
"
The blast may be heated by means of gas-fired or oil fired, or coke fired
chambers, or by means of hollow walls forming the sides of the "reducer of
suitable metal with deflectors or fins in the interior, so as to ensure a sufficient
surface for recuperation or transmission of heat to the air.
Tuyeres of any well known and suitable type are inserted in the sides of the
"reducer "
and provision is made for tapping the slag into moulds when it is
fused to liquifaction or for drawing away the slag at intervals when not sufficiently
Liquid.
The "reducer" may be built by preference of rectangular form in plan, but it is
obvious that a circular form may also be adopted with equal success, also that drop
doors may be provided in the hearth of the "reducer," instead of, or in addition to
a tap hole and front doors.
The "revolver" is provided with an air belting slightly open at the lowest
part, fixed about three inches clear of the main casing. The heated air from the
said belted casing is drawn by the suction of a rotary blower and used for the forced
blast.

page_text: 66
"
The heated gases or otherwise waste products of combustion from the
crematory may be used for generating steam of sufficient volume to drive the
motor required for the rotary blower, revolver, feeder, turntable, and elevator, lift
or crane.
The turntable boxes have doors in the bottom which open into the feeding
hopper, and the under part of the turntable is made so as to prevent air drawing or
gases escaping from the feeding hopper.
The feeding or charging end of the "revolver" is supplied with a hopper in
which automatic gearing is fitted, and this gearing is driven by shafting to which
is attached suitable wheels for varying the speed so as to suit the requirements of
the furnace.
At the rear of the charging hopper is a turntable, which may be large enough to
carry twelve or more boxes, into which the refuse is tipped from the collecting
carts, or from the depôt wagons.
Where depôt wagons are provided they are of the side tipping type, the bodies
being easily moved from the under frame, and they may be elevated by any suitable
means from lower floor level to the turntable level.
The blast may be obtained by means of rotary blowers of the Root or other
type or superheated steam directed by suitable steam jet blowers, or by any well-
known combination of these systems.
"
A movable lander is used when the scoria is sufficiently liquid to run into moulds
or wagons, so that the scoria may be run into either of the two wagons for which
ways are laid in front of the "reducer."
where necessary.
Also close fitting doors and frames for withdrawal of the slag when not liquified,
or doors may also be provided in the hearth of "reducer so as to drop the slag
Poking holes and sight holes are formed in walls of "reducer
into wagons.
"
Part of the improvements herein before described may be applied to the furnace
shewn and described in the Specification of Patent No. 10035, A.D. 1884, and
to furnaces for similar work: namely (1) The depôt boxes or wagons. (2) The
elevator lift or crane. (3) A conveyor instead of a turntable. (4) The automatic
feeding gear.
The firebars are operated so as to deliver the clinkers at the front into a receiver,
the latter fitted with balanced flaps to prevent an undue inrush of cold air somewhat
as described in the said Specification 10035.
The exits for the waste gases of such last-named furnace are formed in the arch
and near the front of the furnace, which is always the hottest part, somewhat as
shewn in the Specification of Patent No. 1005 A.D. 1892.
The main flue may be over the front part of furnace somewhat as shewn in
the Specification of Patent No. 5203 A.D. 1882, or below the firegrate or in any
other convenient position.
The receiver for the clinkers is made large enough to allow the heat of the
clinkers to be abstracted by the incoming air which enters at the lower edge of the
balanced flaps.
This last-named arrangement of firegrate may be worked with or without
forced blast, and may have the moving firebars operated at any suitable inclination.
The feeding gear for the furnaces herein described may partake of the conveyor
type arranged at any suitable angle above the upper end of the firebars, and
dehydrator.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION:
Improvements in Refuse Furnaces and Apparatus connected
therewith.
I, BRIERLEY DENHAM HEALEY of Bamber Bridge in the County of Lancaster
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and.by the following statement :-
This invention refers to what may be termed an automatic towns refuse.disposal
plant, and includes
(1) A depôt which is supplied with a number of movable boxes or wagons,
sufficient to contain the daily refuse of the district which is to be served..
(2) An elevator lift crane or other suitable appliances for lifting the boxes of
refuse up to the feeding floor, where they are placed upon a turntable, or emptied
into boxes forming a turntable.
(3) A turntable for receiving the boxes of refuse, or built with a number of boxes
on its outer edge, which boxes have falling doors in the bottom, actuated so as to
open only when over the feeding hopper.
(4) A revolving dehydrating chamber inclined about 1 in 12, into which the
refuse is charged automatically, and dried by the heat from. a reducing furnace,
which is built at the lower end of the revolver.
(5) Automatic gearing for moving the turntable, feeding the refuse into a
revolving dehydrator, and for turning the dehydrator, all to run at variable speeds
to suit each other.
(6) A reducing furnace.into which the dried refuse from the revolver falls in one
continuous stream, say for example at the rate of 2 lbs. per second, or 1 cwt.
per minute or 3 tons per hour..
(7) A cremator for burning the fumes given off in burning and drying the refuse,
in which cremator gaseous fuel, oil fuel, or coke may be used in any convenient andl
well known way.
The general arrangement of the revolving chamber hereinafter called. the
"revolver;" the automatic feeding gear hereinafter called the "feeder," and the
fumes cremator hereinafter called the "cremator "may be understood by reference
to the Specification of Patent No. 177 A.D. 1888.
According to the present invention I build a reducing furnace, hereinafter
called the "reducer" at the lower end of the "revolver" into which the dried
refuse falls regularly, and where it is reduced to slag by means of hot blast under
pressure..
The blast may be heated by means of gas fired or oil fired, or coke fired chambers,
or by means of hollow walls forming the sides of the "reducer" of suitable. metal
with deflectors or fins in the interior, so as to ensure a sufficient surface, for
recuperation or transmission of heat to the air.
Tuyeres of any well known and suitable type are inserted in the sides of the
"reducer" and provision is made for tapping the slag into moulds when it is fused
to liquifaction, or for drawing away the slag at intervals when not sufficiently
liquid.
The "reducer" may be built by preference of rectangular form.in-plan, but it is
obvious that a circular form may also be adopted with equal success, also that drop
doors may be provided in the hearth of the "reducer," instead of, or in addition, to,
a tap hole and front doors.
The "revolver" is provided with an air belting, slightly open at the lowest
part, fixed about three inches clear of the main casing. The heated air from the
Baid belted casing is drawn by the suction: of a rotary blower and used for the forced
blast.
The heated gases or otherwise waste products of combustion from the

page_text: "cremator" may be used for generating steam of sufficient volume to drive the
motor required for the rotary blower, revolver, feeder, turntable, and elevator, lift
or crane.
The turntable boxes have doors in the bottom which open into the feeding
hopper, and the under part of the turntable is made so as to prevent air drawing
into or gases escaping from the feeding hopper.
The feeding or charging end of the "revolver" is supplied with a hopper
in which automatic gearing is fitted, and this gearing is driven by shafting to which
is attached suitable wheels for varying the speed so as to suit the requirements of
the furnace.
At the rear of the charging hopper is a turntable, which may be large enough to
carry twelve or more boxes, into which the refuse is tipped from the collecting
carts, or from the depôt wagons.
Where depôt wagons are provided, they are of the side tipping type, the bodies
being easily moved upon the under frames, and they may be elevated by any suitable
means from lower floor level to the turntable level.
The blast may be obtained by means of rotary blowers of the Root or other type,
or superheated steam directed by suitable steam jet blowers, or by any well-known
combination of these systems.
A movable lander is used when the scoria is sufficiently liquid to run into moulds
or wagons, so that the scoria may be run into either of the two wagons for which
ways are laid in front of the "reducer.'
Poking holes and sight holes are formed in walls of reducer where necessary.
Also close fitting doors and frames for withdrawal of the slag when not liquitied,
or doors may also be provided in the hearth of "reducer so as to drop the slag
into wagons.
"
Part of the improvements herein before described may be applied to the furnace
shewn and described in the Specification of Patent No. 10,035, A.D. 1884, and
to furnaces for similar work: namely (1) The depôt boxes or wagons. (2) The
elevator, lift or crane. (3) A conveyor instead of a turntable. (4) The automatic
feeding gear.
The firebars are operated so as to deliver the clinkers at the front into a receiver,
the latter fitted with balanced flaps to prevent an undue inrush of cold air somewhat
as described in the said Specification 10,035.
The exits for the waste gases of such last-named furnace are formed in the arch,
and near the front of the furnace, which is always the hottest part, somewhat as
shewn in the Specification of Patent No. 1,005, A.D. 1892.
The main flue may be over the front part of furnace somewhat as shewn in the
Specification of Patent No. 5,203 A.D. 1882, or below the firegrate or in any other
convenient position.
The receiver for the clinkers is made large enough to allow the heat of the
clinkers to be abstracted by the incoming air which enters at the lower edge of the
balanced flaps.
This last-named arrangement of firegrate may be worked with or without forced
blast, and may have the moving firebars operated at any suitable inclination.
And in order that this invention may be better understood, I have appended
hereto 2 sheets of drawings, which are explained by the following description.
Figure 1 is a section of the "revolver" type of furnace.
Figure 2 is a cross section on line A B and
Figure 3 a cross section on line C D.
Figure 4 is a section of the automatic stoking furnace, with main flue below
the central cave, and shewing an alternate position for main flue in dotted lines
below the furnace.
Figure 5 is a plan at E F and
Figure 6 is a plan at G H.

page_text: Figure 8 shews a block of furnaces with tramways platform and hoists or lifts as
arranged when built with hoppers on the outer faces.
The general arrangement of the "revolver" (a) the "feeder" (b) and
"cremator" (c) were shewn and described in the Specification of Patent No. 177
A.D. 1888, but according to the present invention I build a "reducer" (d) at the
lower end of the "revolver" into which the dried refuse gravitates.
The air blast (*) is heated by means of hollow walls (e) of suitable metal, and.
of such form as to ensure an immense interior surface. The tuyeres (f) are of any
well known suitable type. The walls of "reducer" have poking holes (9) and
sight holes where necessary. Drop doors may be provided instead of, or in.
addition to the tap hole (h) and front doors (j).
The "revolver" air belting (k) is open at the lowest part, and the upper part is
connected to the suction of the blower. The turntable (1) has refuse boxes (m).
with bottom doors (w) which open into hopper (n) in front of table pivot plate (o).
Instead of the turntable and boxes, side tipping wagons may be used with or
without narrow gauge rails.
The chimney flue outlets (p) are at each side of the "feeder" (6) and lead to a
low level cross flue (9) from which the furnace gases issue in vertical jets (7). Gas.
from the flues (s) and air from flue (t) issue in horizontal jets, and crossing the
aforesaid vertical jets (r) all the combustible matter is burnt and the resulting
gases are rendered innocuous.
The turntable may be operated by chain or other well known gearing. The
automatic feeding gear is encased in an iron box (y). The "revolver" is driven
by slow gearing (2) attached in any convenient manner. The gaseous fuel for
" cremator may be produced in any suitable apparatus.
The modification of the present. improvements which has reference to Patent
No. 10,035 A.D. 1884 combines a tramway A, refuse hopper B, automatic
feeding gear C, and forwarding firebars D, from which the resulting clinker
gravitates into the receiver J, where it is cooled by secondary supply of air.
required for secondary combustion.
The feeding gear and the firebars are driven by eccentric or cam shafts C¹
and D', which are actuated by ratchet gear from an automatic piston motor
fixed on the framing E, and one such motor may serve for two furnaces and may
be driven by steam or water, and geared by means of pinion racks working into.
spur wheels and attached by clutches to the cam shafts.
Firebars known as "Vicars" Patent, No. 1,342, A.D. 1877, may be used both
for feeding gear and firegrate, or alternate bars only may be moved by a cam shaft,
with the remainder of the bars so fixed that when the cam is half up or down the
upper surface of all the bars is quite uniform.
The ashpit O may be enclosed by doors F, and the steam jet blowers P may be.
of any reliable type, with or without deflectors behind the doors F and above the
air inlets, to direct the blast towards the lower part of the firegrate, or the steam.
blowers may be set vertically on outside face of furnace plating in any convenient
position, with a connecting elbow to interior of ashpit. The starting doors H are
built up after the furnace has been set fairly to work, to prevent air drawing in
there. The clinker cooler J has withdrawal door or sliding plate or swinging door-
or false bars at K, made so as to withdraw the clinker into horizontal conveyors S,
or to drop it into wagons in a tunnel at a lower level than S, at such intervals as to.
allow time for abstracting all the heat therefrom.
I introduce a secondary supply of heated air through the clinker cooler into the
furnace G, in order to complete the combustion of the gases above the grate, as they
pass towards or into the gridded ports L of the reverberatory arch, and sometimes.
I provide a tertiary supply of air above the said arch, admitted from the front at
the level of the flue outlets M for the same purpose.
For some plants hydraulic or steam lifts (u) raise the depôt wagons from the
ground floor Y, to the upper floor or tramway A, or raise the clinkers from the
tunnel to the ground floor Y. For such arrangements the depôt wagons (♥) are

page_text: represented on Figures 7 and 8 as in position for receiving the refuse from the
collecting carts V, which tip into two wagons at once and thus blend the refuse
from different loads.
The waste gases pass away through the ports formed in the arch L, (which is
always the hottest part of the furnace) into the tertiary combustion chamber above,
and escape through the outlets M on their way to the main flue W. The said
main flue is shewn as below the cave N, but it may be over or under the furnace iu
any other convenient position.
In a modified arrangement in which a tunnel is provided for taking away the
clinkers in wagons, the main flue is put over the central cave N, or under the
furnaces as indicated by dotted lines X. The side walls of main flue or flues when
built below the ground line, are built with air spaces to prevent undue radiation of
heat.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In revolving furnaces for burning towns refuse and refuse fuel, the combina-
tion of the revolver (a) feeder (6) cremator (c) and reducer (d) for the purpose
herein set forth substantially as herein shewn and described.
2. In such furnaces as aforesaid, the combination of a turntable (7) with the
feeder (b) or of side tipping wagons instead of the turntable, for the purpose herein
set forth, substantially as herein shewn and described.
3. In such furnaces as aforesaid, the method of reducing the incombustible part of
refuse fuel into liquid slag, and also the general details of the apparatus therefor,
substantially as herein shewn and described.
4. In reverberatory furnaces for burning towns refuse and refuse fuel, the com-
bination of the hoppers B feeding gear C and moving firebars D with a receiver J
for the purpose herein set forth, substantially as herein shewn and described.
5. In reverberatory furnaces as aforesaid, the combination of the forward
motion firebars D and the feeding bars C actuated by direct motors and moving
alternate bars as herein set forth, and substantially as herein shewn and described.
6. In reverberatory furnaces as aforesaid, the admission of a secondary supply of
air through the clinker cooler for assisting the combustion of the gases in the
furnace G, substantially as herein shewn and described.
7. In reverberatory furnaces as aforesaid, the admission of a tertiary supply of air
over the reverberatory arch of the furnace, to complete the combustion of the gases
from the furnace G, substantially as herein shewn and described.
8. In connection with all such furnaces as aforesaid, the combination of tram-
ways, wagon lifts, and the method of blending the refuse when tipping from
collecting carts to depôt wagons, substantially as herein shewn and described.
9. In connection with reverberatory furnaces as aforesaid, the combination of
clinker wagon and tramways in tunnels or caves, below the level of ground
floor, with the means of drawing the clinker, substantially as herein shewn and
described.
10. In all such furnaces and plant as aforesaid the combination and arrangement
of the various parts and apparatus for the purposes herein set forth, substantially
as herein shewn and described.
Dated thig 18th day of June 1800
་
B. D. HEALEY.