Improvements in and relating to Flushing Apparatus for Water . Closets.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 1st May, 1894
Complete Specification Left, 1st Feb., 1895-Accepted, 30th Mar., 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Flushing Apparatus for Water
.
Closets.
We JAMES DUCKETT AND SON LIMITED of Mitre Sanitary Works, Burnley
in the County of Lancaster, and JAMES DUCKETT, of Woodleigh Burnley,
aforesaid Sanitary Ware Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
The first part of this invention consists of an improved form of overhead
automatic tilting tank, in combination with an improved receptacle or tipper-box
for same, this arrangement of flushing apparatus being specially adapted for
flushing water-closets known as "Latrines or multiple closets, and is also an
improvement on an arrangement, for which Letters Patent were granted to the
said James Duckett, and one Alfred Duckett, No. 17672, 16th October, 1891.
In the present invention, the tipper and receptacle are preferably made of
glazed earthenware but may be of any suitable material.
The bottom of tipper box, instead of being inclined to the discharge outlet at
one corner as described in the said recited Specification, is now made hopper
shaped so as to slope every way towards the outlet, which is formed in or about
the centre of receptacle.
In horizontal section, the receptacle is preferably square or rectangular but it
may be of any desired shape. It is made preferably in two pieces.
The hopper in one piece is provided with a deep under-cut socket to receive the
top piece. Bottom end of top piece is dove-tailed, or roughed to interlock with
socket of hopper piece. This joint when made with suitable cement will be firm
and water tight.
In the said recited Specification is described a tipper of the common type for
flushing, having its movements impeded by stop pieces
or buffers. We now employ
in this connection an automatic bufferless tipper, which will make about half a
revolution in tipping.
When nearly full of water, the tipper tilts, ejecting its contents bodily and with
great force to the bottom of the hopper, which, having deep, sloping sides, causes
the water to descend into outlet pipe with great flushing power.
There is an advantage also in dispensing with buffers in this particular instance,
as the height of the receptacle above the axis may be considerably reduced.
It only requires to be sufficient to carry the tipper. A loose cover resting upon
the receiver may be provided to protect the tipper from injury by frost, &c.
The second part of this invention relates to improvements in automatic syphou
flushing tanks for flushing latrines, &c. and consists in a novel arrangement
whereby we are enabled to obtain a better and more effective flush than
heretofore.
An outer cistern may be made of any suitable dimensions or material. Inside
this we fix another small cistern, supported by annular walls, in which are formed
vents for the entrance of water from the main cistern. These walls may form
three annular chambers.
In the centre is the discharge pipe, which dips into water contained in an ordinary
tranning hax fixed under the bottom of the large cistern.

page_text: At the bottom of the outer annular wall, a space is left for the passage of water
on its way to the discharge pipe in the centre. In the annular wall adjoining this.
a similar space or passage is left at the top of the wall, and another is left at the
bottom end of the wall next discharge pipe, with which communication-is thus
established through the respective chambers.
Inside, or connected with, the small cistern we fix a small tube, passage or
syphon.
The water supply enters slowly the small cistern and in filling same the small
tube, passage or syphon is partially charged, a useful purpose being thereby served,
as hereinafter explained.
When the small cistern has become full, the water overflows into the large
cistern beneath, and entering the spaces or passages formed alternately above and
below the annular walls gradually mounts the sides thereof.
The air contained in the annular chambers in this way however would be prema-
turely compressed and frustrate our object were not some temporary provision
made for its escape. We therefore provide an air pipe to communicate with the
two outer annular chambers.
As the water from main cistern mounts the annular chambers, the air contained
therein is pushed forward and makes its escape through the air pipe previously
mentioned, and this goes on until the water reaches the lower extremity of said
pipe, when further egress of air is prevented. The water continuing to rise, the
compression of the intervening air now confined in the chambers becomes greater and
greater, until the water lodged in the small syphon is no longer capable of
resisting the stress, and the water makes its escape through the small tube, passage
or syphon.
This result immediately starts the main syphon. The small cistern is all this
time practically full, aud the small tube, passage or syphon remaining charged, the
main syphon keeps in action until the main cistern is emptied.
The small tube, passage or syphon is formed at such level as to become recharged
after each flush.
The third part of our invention relates to syphon waste preventing cisterns, for
flushing water closets, that type of cistern fitted with a plunger, the quick descent
of which into a cylinder starts the syphon.
A large space is usually left, between the flange of plunger and the side of well
or cylinder, sufficient to admit the necessary flush of water.
Instead of this, we
make our plunger to fit the well or cylinder as tightly as is consistent with easy
working.
We get a full water supply by piercing holes in the plunger immediately above
its flange, sufficient in number and size, to admit of the necessary quantity of
water passing through them for flushing purposes.. These holes and a well-fitted
plunger render the flush very effective, and greatly reduce the slubbering noise
usually made by this class of syphon, besides ensuring complete suction of the
water contained in the cistern.
The action is that on releasing the lever, (after pulling it) the plunger in
descending forces the water into the discharge pipe, and thus starts the syphon
formed by discharge pipe and plunger.
Dated this 26th day of April 1894.
F. RICHMOND,
79, St. James Street, Burnley, Agent for Applicants.

page_text: Improvements in and relating to Flushing Apparatus for Water
Closets.
We, JAMES DUCKETT AND SON LIMITED of Mitre Sanitary Works, Burnley,
in the County of Lancaster, and JAMES DUCKETT of Woodleigh Burnley
aforesaid, Sanitary Ware Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The first part of this invention consists of an improved form of overhead
automatic tilting tank in combination with an improved receptacle or tipper-box
for same, this arrangement of flushing apparatus being specially adapted for
flushing water closets known as "Latrines or multiple closets, and is also an
improvement on an arrangement for which Letters Patent were granted to the
said James Duckett and one Alfred Duckett No. 17672, 16th October 1891.
In the present invention, the tipper and receptacle are preferably made of glazed
earthenware, but may be of any suitable material.
The bottom of the tipper-box instead of being inclined to the discharge outlet
at one corner as described in the said recited Specification, is now made hopper
shaped, so as to slope every way towards the outlet, which is formed in or about
the centre of the receptacle.
In horizontal section, the receptacle is preferably square or rectangular.but it
may be of any desired shape. It is preferably made in two pieces.
The hopper in one piece is provided with a deep undercut socket to receive the
top piece. Bottom end of top piece is dovetailed, or roughed to interlock with
socket of hopper piece. This joint when made with suitable cement will be firm
and watertight.
In the said recited Specification is described a tipper of the common type for
We now employ
Hushing, having its movements impeded by stop pieces or buffers.
in this connection an automatic bufferless tipper, which will make about half a
revolution in tipping. When nearly full of water, the tipper tilts ejecting its
contents bodily and with great force to the bottom of the hopper, which, having
deep, sloping sides, causes the water to descend into outlet pipes with great flushing
power.
There is an advantage also in dispensing with buffers in this particular instance,
as the beight of the receptacle above the axle may be considerably reduced. It
only requires to be sufficient to carry the tipper. A loose cover resting upon the
receiver may be provided to protect the tipper from injury by frost &c.
The second part of this invention relates to improvements in automatic siphon
flushing tanks for flushing latrines, &c., aud consists in a novel arrangement
whereby we arc enabled to obtain a better and more effective flush than
heretofore.
An outer cistern may be made of any suitable dimensions or material. Inside
this we fix another small cistern supported by annular walls, in which are formed
vents for the entrance of water from the main cistern. These walls may form three
annular chambers.
In the centre is the discharge pipe, which dips into water contained in an ordinary
trapping box fixed under the bottom of the large cistern.
At the bottom of the outer annular wall a space is left for the passage of water
on its way to the discharge pipe in the centre. In the annular wall adjoining this
a similar space or passage is left at the top of the wall, and another is left at the
bottom end of the wall next discharge pipe, with which communication is thus
established through the respective chambers.

page_text: -
Inside, or connected with, the small cistern, we fix a small tube, passage or
siphon, or a slightly bent tube or passage.
The water supply enters slowly the small cistern, and in filling same the small
tube, passage or siphon is partially charged, a useful purpose being thereby served,
as hereinafter explained.
When the small cistern has become full, the water overflows into the large
cistern beneath, and entering the spaces or passages formed alternately above and
below the annular walls gradually mounts the sides thereof.
The air contained in the annular chambers in this way however would be
prematurely compressed and frustrate our object, were not some temporary
provision made for its escape. We therefore provide an air-pipe to communicate
with the two outer annular chambers.
As the water from main cistern mounts the annular chambers, the air contained
therein is pushed forward and makes its escape through the air pipe previously
mentioned, and this goes on until the water reaches the lower extremity of said
pipe, when further egress of air is prevented. The water continuing to rise the
compression of the intervening air now confined in the chambers becomes greater
and greater, until the water lodged in the small siphon is no longer capable of
resisting the stress, and the water makes its escape through the small tube, passage
or siphon.
This result immediately starts the main siphon. The small cistern is all this time
practically full, and the small tube, passage or siphon remaining charged, the main
siphon keeps in action until the main cistern is emptied.
The small tube, passage or siphon is formed at such level as to become recharged
after each flush.
The third part of our invention relates to siphon waste preventing cisterns for
flushing water closets, that type of cistern fitted with a plunger, the quick descent
of which into a cylinder starts the siphon.
A large space is usually left between the flange of plunger, and the side of
well or cylinder sufficient to admit the necessary flush of water. Instead of this
we make our plunger to fit the well or cylinder as tightly as is consistent with easy
working..
We get a full water supply by piercing holes in the plunger immediately above
its flange, sufficient in number and size, to admit of the necessary quantity of
water passing through them for flushing purposes. These holes and a well fitted
plunger render the flush very effective, and greatly reduce the slubbering noise
isually made by this class of siphon, besides ensuring complete suction of the
water contained in the cistern.
The action is that on releasing the lever (after pulling it) the plunger in
descending forces the water into the discharge pipe, and thus starts the siphon
formed by discharge pipe and plunger.
.
In the accompanying drawings
Figs. 23 and 4 (Sheet 1) represent the first part of our invention consisting of
an improved form of overhead automatic tilting tank in combination with an
improved type of receptacle or tipper box for same.
1
A is the box or receptacle constructed in accordance with our invention with its
bottom made hopper shaped so as to slope in every direction towards central outlet
or discharge pipe B. The hopper shaped bottom may, in some instances, be
moulded separate from the upper portion of the box or container, and after being
burnt in the kiln, the two pieces may be united with cement. The method we
employ for jointing the two pieces together is well represented in detached view
Fig. 4. In this view the upper part of the hopper bottom is shewn as being
provided with a deep undercut socket to receive the top piece, which is thickened
at the lower end to protrude into the undercut socket. The joint is then made
good and watertight by cement.
The tipper C is an automatic bufferless one, which, in tipping, makes about half
a revolution. By dispensing with buffers the height of the receptacle above axle D

page_text: may be much reduced, in fact it needs only be sufficient to carry the tipper. The
ipper when nearly full tilts, and completing about half a revolution ejects its
contents bodily and with great force into the outlet B with great flushing power.
Loose cover E which rests upon the receptacle protects the tipper from injury by
Frost &c. Fig. 3 is a horizontal section of our improved arrangement of overhead.
tipper box and tipper.
Fig. 5 (Sheet 2) is a vertical section of the second part of our invention
F is an outer tank or cistern of
consisting of an improved siphon flushing cistern.
the usual description. In this cistern is an inner and upper tank G, supported by
annular wall F¹, in which are formed at its lower extremity vents for the entrance
of water from cistern F. Within this annular wall are other annular walls or
diaphragms F and F. The annular walls F and F are kept apart by distance
pieces H so as to form anuular chamber 1. At the top and bottom of division
walls F and F respectively are vents or water spaces or passages, by which com-
munication is established with discharge pipe J from water cistern F. The water
supply enters slowly the tank G and in filling same the small siphon L is partially
charged, a useful purpose being thereby served as hereinafter explained. When
the water in the tank reaches the opening M it overflows into the tank F.
The water rising in the tank F would prematurely compress the air contained in
the annular spaces I and frustrate our object, were not some provision made for its
escape. We therefore provide the pipe N, which has preferably a larger orifice at
the bottom than at the top. As the water from the cistern F mounts the annular
chambers or spaces
the air contained therein circulates around the sides thereof,
and makes its escape at pipe N, and this goes on until the water reaches the lower
extremity of the said pipe, when further egress of air is prevented. The water
continuing to rise, the compression of the intervening air now confined in the
chambers becomes greater and greater, until the water lodged in the siphon or
pipe L is no longer capable of resisting the stress, and the air makes its escape at.
the orifice O.
This result immediately starts the main siphon J. The water in the tank G is.
at this time level with M, and siphon L continuing charged, the main siphon keeps
in action until tank F is emptied. This siphon arranged as above described will
start with the discharge pipe J of much larger diameter than heretofore used, and
the flush is consequently stronger in proportion.
P is a small water tank or well to cover outlet end of discharge pipe J, resting
on three or more feet to support same. P is a small opening to let air into pipe J,
after it has ceased flushing. The annular wall F* and division wall F, we prefer-
ably make in one piece in conjunction with bottom P' of tank G, so that they may
be readily removed if access be required to outlet pipe J.
The length of the small siphon pipe L the size of outlet J and the depth of O
below water level P³ are made to suit the capacity of tank F, which is to be
emptied by the flush before tank G, so as to prevent air passing too soon through
siphon L into chambers I.
Fig. 6 is a horizontal section of the outer cover Q and small siphon L taken
through the line a y.
Fig. 7 is a horizontal section of the division walls F1, F2 and F', and the
discharge pipe or main siphon J, and in this view they appear as a series of
concentric rings. Instead of air pipe N being fixed away from siphon L as shewn
in diagrams it may be attached to the siphon L, and if preferred both may be cast
in one piece.
The third part of our invention, which relates to siphon water waste preventing
cisterns, will be clearly understood by reference to Fig. 1 (Sheet 1) of the accom-
panying drawings. K is the outlet or siphon pipe. R is a combined cap or
plunger leaving a flange S which closely fits into a recess or well T formed in the
cistern U as shewn.
The plunger is pierced at U with a sufficient number of holes to admit of the
necessary quantity of water for flushing purposes.

page_text: These holes are preferably sloped upwards as shewn in drawing. The sloping
holes lessen the friction in working since they permit of the entire discharge of
the flush through them, instead of having a large water space at the sides of the
recess or well T as is the case in the usual loose fitting plunger.
In plan, flange S may be of any shape, but we prefer it rectangular. It is made
as good a fit as is consistent with its working freely in the well T; this close fitting
plunger, combined with the said holes, render the depression of the plunger much
more effective than when there are no holes in the plunger, and when there is a
large water space around it, as hitherto.
The action is that on releasing the lever V (after pulling it) the plunger in
descending forces the water into pipe R, and thus charges the siphon formed by
pipe R and plunger R', which continues in action, until there is complete suction of
all the water contained in cistern.
The apparatus shewn in Fig. 1 is made of earthenware, but it may be made of
iron or any suitable material.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is :-
1. The arrangement of bufferless tipper C in combination with improved form of
overhead receptacle or tipper box A, substantially as described and illustrated in
Figs. 2, 3 and 4 for the purpose set forth.
2. The connecting or jointing together of the receptacle and hopper bottom in
the manner described and illustrated to facilitate the manufacture of the article,
and to obtain a better salt glaze than if made in one piece.
3. The construction and arrangement of improved automatic siphon flushing
apparatus, substantially as described and illustrated in Figs. 5, 6 and 7.
4. The tank G placed on or over the top of main siphon pipe J and provided
with small siphon Ĺ and air pipe N inside, arranged and acting substantially in
the manner described and illustrated.
.
5. In a siphon water waste preventer, forming holes U₁ in plunger R¹ and
providing such plunger with flanges S closely fitting in cylinder or well T, formed
in cistern U, substantially as and for the purposes described and illustrated
in Fig. 1.
Deted this 30th day of January 1895.
F. RICHMOND,
12, Standish Street, Burnley, and 1 & 3, New Water Street, Blackburn,
Agent for the Applicants.