Improvements in Apparatus for Concentrating and Evaporating Liquids.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 20th Oct., 1892
Complete Specification Left, 19th July, 1893--Accepted, 19th Aug., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Concentrating and Evaporating
Liquids.
I FACUNDO JOAQUIN RAMON CARULLA of 84 Argyll Terrace, Rose Hill,
Derby, Chemical Manufacturer and Engineer do hereby declare the nature of
this invention to be as follows:-
This invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for concentrating or
evaporating liquids that owing to their chemical action on some other metals have
to be concentrated or evaporated in leaden vessels or pans. When heated from
underneath it is usual to place such pans on a platform constructed of iron plates
that cover the furnace and the flues so that the bottom of the leaden pan is in
contact with the iron. Now, lead is a very fusible metal and a poor conductor of
heat, consequently if by any accident overheating of the iron occurs at any spot
the lead is in danger of melting, and if it does the hot liquid will run out of the
pan endangering the men and doing damage to the furnace.
My improvement consists in inserting between the iron platform and the lead
bottom of the pan a layer of another metal that is a much better conductor of heat
than either the iron or the lead. By preference ['use, copper, in the form of a
sheet or plate, as being the cheapest of the metals that possess the property of,
conducting heat in the greatest proportion. This sandwiched layer of metal
carries away a portion of the heat from any dangerous spot utilizing it never-
theless at some other place more or less distant from the point at which the
conducting layer has received it from the iron. The life of the lead pans is by
this means much prolonged besides adding to the safety of the workmen.
Dated this 10th day of October 1902
F. J. R. CARULLA.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION..
Improvements in Apparatus for Concentrating and Evaporating
Liquids.
I, FACUNDO JOAQUIN RAMON CARULLA, Chemical Manufacturer of 84 Argyll
Terrace Rose Hill, Derby do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for concentrating
or evaporating liquids that owing to their chemical action on other metals have
to be concentrated or evaporated in vessels or pans made of lead. When such
pans are heated by means of a direct flame this may be conducted either over the
liquid or underneath the pan. If heated from underneath, it is usual to place such
pans on beds or platforms constructed of a number of narrow cast-iron plates
arranged over the furnace and flues so that the bottom of the leaden pan is in
contact with the upper surface of the cast-iron plates whilst the flame plays on
their under face the heat being transmitted through these plates.
But the edges of the narrow cast-iron plates, although put close to each other,
will not always be in such intimate contact as to be able to prevent local over-
heating, even were cast-iron a better conductor of heat than it is. Now, lead is a
very fusible metal and also a poor conductor of heat, consequently if such overheating
of the cast-iron occurs at any spot the lead is in danger of melting, and if this
[Price d

page_text: takes place the hot liquid contained in the pan will run out and endanger the
safety of the men, interrupt operations, and possibly also damage the furnace.
My improvement consists in inserting between the iron bed or platform and the
bottom of the lead pan, a continuous layer of another metal that is a better
conductor of heat than either the cast-iron or the lead. This heat conductor may
extend under only a portion or under the whole of the lead pan.
Where economy
in first cost is a consideration I employ by preference a continuous sheet or plate
of wrought iron or steel, and this will be found a sufficient protection where the
danger of local overheating is not great. Where however this danger exists to any
considerable extent, I use copper by preference in the form of a sheet or plate as
being the cheapest of the metals that possess the property of conducting heat in the
greatest proportion. This sandwiched layer of metal carries away a portion of
the heat from any dangerous spot whilst utilising this heat at some other place
more or less distant from the point at which the conducting layer is receiving it
from the cast-iron.
In the case of lead pans used for the concentration or evaporation of liquids that
would damage the copper should the pan leak from any cause, I employ a thin
layer of some other metal not so readily acted upon by the liquid, as for example
mild steel in the case of sulphuric acid. This thin protecting layer I place between
the copper plate and the lead pan. The desired result will also be obtained if the
copper be deposited by electrolysis on the protecting steel or iron sheet. This will
form a composite plate which placed copper face downwards on the cast-iron bed
or platform will have all the requisite conducting power whilst the copper will be
protected from possible damage.
The life of the lead pans is by the means described much prolonged besides
adding to the safety of the men.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I.
claim is :
1. The employment of heat conductors to protect lead pans from local over-
heating substantially as described.
2. The use of such heat conductors to extend either wholly or partially under
the bottom of any lead pan.
Dated this 18th day of July 1802
F. J. R. CARULLA..