IMPROVEMENts in the ManuFACTURE OF COPPER SINGE PLATES
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Sumner, of Salford, in the County of
Lancaster, and Eric Hugo Waldenström, of the same Place,
Engineers, for the Invention of “IMPROVEMENts in the ManuFACTURE
OF COPPER SINGE PLATES."
Sealed the 16th April 1875, and dated the 4th November 1874.
C
.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Sumner and
Eric Hugo Waldenström at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 4th November 1874.
We, WILLIAM SUMNER, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster, and
ERIC HUGO WALDENSTRÖM, of the same Place, Engineers, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF COPPER SINGE PLATES," to be as follows:-
In manufacturing copper singe plates it has heretofore been cus-
tomary to make them from a plate or a bar produced from an open
casting. The plates are curved to the required section by bending over
a mandril or block.

page_text: ·
This mode of construction is objectionable, as the copper singe plates
are liable to crack and scale from the repeated heating when in use.
These defects result in a great degree from the imperfections in the
casting, and from the unequal internal strains produced by bending the
plate to the shape required, which places the outside portion in exten-
sion, and the inside in compression.
Now our Invention consists in manufacturing copper singe plates in the
following manner :-We cast a hollow ingot of copper in a strong mould
placed on the table of a hydraulic press, and we apply a great pressure
to consolidate the copper while it is in a fluid state, thus producing a 1
sound homogeneous casting. This hollow ingot is afterwards forged one
or more times under a steam hammer, or passed through rolls; then it
is shaped on the outside by turning or planing, afterwards shaped or
slotted in the inside to the form required for making the plates. The
ingot is then cut in a direction parallel with the axis, so as to produce ]
from it one or more singe plates.
To produce certain sections of singe plates we cast solid ingots of
copper under pressure and convert them into singe plates by the usual
processes of rolling, forging, and planing. By thus manufacturing
singe plates from copper submitted to great pressure whilst in a fluid
state we obtain sounder castings, and by making them from a hollow
ingot, and then turning, boring, and shaping this ingot to the required
form we avoid the injurious process of bending.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Sumner and Eric Hugo Waldenström in 20
the Great Seal Patent Office on the 4th May 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM
SUMNER, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster, and ERIO HUGO
WALDENSTRÖM, of the same Place, Engineers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her 30
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of November, in the
-year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the
thirty-eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs, and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto us, the said William Sumner and Eric

page_text: Hugo Waldenström, Her special licence that we, the said William
Sumner and Eric Hugo Waldenström, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as we, the said William Sumner and Eric
Hugo Waldenström, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN the ManufacturE OF COPPER SINGE PLATES,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said William Sumner
and Eric Hugo Waldenström, our executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under our, or their, or one our or of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent..
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said William Sumner and Eric Hugo
Waldenström, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement (that is to
say) :-
In manufacturing copper singe plates it has heretofore been cus-
tomary to make them from a plate or a bar produced from an open
casting. The plates are curved to the required section by bending over
a mandril or block.
•
This mode of construction is objectionable, as the copper singe plates
are liable to crack and scale from the repeated heating when in use.
These defects result in a great degree from the imperfections in the
casting, and from the unequal internal strains produced by bending the
plate to the shape required, which places the outside portion in exten-
sion, and the inside in compression.
Now our Invention consists in manufacturing copper singe plates in
the following manner :-We cast a hollow ingot of copper in a strong
mould placed on the table of a hydraulic press, and we apply a great
pressure to consolidate the copper while it is in a fluid state, thus pro-
ducing a sound homogeneous casting. This hollow ingot is afterwards

page_text: forged one or more times under a steam hammer, or passed through
rolls; then it is shaped on the outside by turning or planing, afterwards
shaped or slotted in the inside to the form required for making the
plates. The ingot is then cut in a direction parallel with the axis, so as
to produce from it one or more singe plates.
To produce certain sections of singe plates we cast solid ingots of
copper under pressure and convert them into singe plates by the usual
processes of rolling, forging, and planing. By thus manufacturing
singe plates from copper submitted to great pressure whilst in a fluid
state we obtain sounder castings, and by making them from a hollow 1
Fingot and then turning, boring, and shaping this ingot to the required
shape we avoid the injurious process of bending.
Having thus stated the nature and particulars of our Invention, we
declare that we claim as our improvements in the manufacture of copper
singe plates, first, casting an ingot of copper under pressure of the
required shape, then forging or rolling the same to consolidate the
metal, and afterwards turning, planing, or otherwise shaping it to the
form of the plate, all of which operations are performed without bending
⚫the metal.
!
⋅
In witness whereof, we, the said William Sumner and Eric Hugo
Waldenström, have hereto set our hands and seals, this Third