AN APPARATUS FOR HEATING AND VENTILATING CHURCHES, CONSERVATORIES, HOUSES, AND OTHER BUILDINGS AND PLACES
Year: 1834

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
MORGAN, of Penton Row, Walworth, in the County of Surrey, Plumber and
Glazier, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Eighteenth day of January, in the fourth year of His reign,
did, for Himself, Ilis heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
William Morgan, His especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority,
that I, the said William Morgan, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said William Morgan, my executors, administrators,
or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of
Berwick upon Tweed, my Invention of "AN APPARATUS FOR HEATING AND
VENTILATING CHURCHES, CONSERVATORIES, HOUSES, AND OTHER BUILDINGS AND
PLACES;" in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that I, the said
William Morgan, shall cause a particular description of the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in
His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in
and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large
appear.

page_text: William Morgan, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be performed, are particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following description thereof, reference
being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters
marked thereon, that is to say:-
My apparatus for Heating and Ventilating Churches, Conservatories, Houses,
and other Buildings and Places, consists of an inclosed fire-place, stove, or grate,
with apparatus connected thereto for feeding the same with a sufficient quan-
tity of fuel at proper intervals, without requiring the attendance of any person
during the time that the apparatus continues charged; this feeding apparatus
is brought into operation at the required periods by a piece of clockwork or
other mechanism which causes a certain quantity of fuel to be discharged from
the apparatus on to the fire at the times required. To the stove or enclosed
fire-place is also connected proper boilers, chambers, pipes, tubes, valves, and
cocks to form an apparatus capable of heating water or air, or generating
steam, and afterwards distributing such heated air, water, or steam through
rooms or buildings or other places as required. And as many different plans
for heating and ventilating buildings with hot air, water, and steam, have before
been invented, and carried into effect, I wish it to be understood that I do
not mean or intend to claim as my Invention the heating of buildings or places
with steam, hot water, or air; nor do I claim separately any of the boilers,
pipes, tubes, valves, or other parts, which must necessarily be used in common
in all apparatus of this kind; but I do claim as my Invention the apparatus
herein-after particularly described for feeding the stove or fire-place with fuel
at the required periods, as this apparatus, when connected with a stove or fire-
place and its other appendages, forms an essential part of an apparatus for
heating or ventilating. The accompanying Drawings exhibit several views of
my apparatus for heating and ventilating. Fig. 1 is a transverse section, taken
vertically through the fire-place, feeding apparatus, and boiler; Fig. 2 is a
longitudinal section, taken through the feeding apparatus, the front part of the
stove being removed, the better to shew the parts; Fig. 3 is another longi-
tudinal section, taken through the boiler and fire-place behind Fig. 2, shewing
the arrangement of the hot water tubes or passages connected thereto; a, a, a,
is the outer casing of the inclosed fire-place and feeding apparatus; b, b, b, are
a series of boxes to contain the coal or other fuel for supplying the fire. The
arrangement of these boxes are best shewn in Fig. 4, which is a top view of
the feeding apparatus, the covers or upper part of the outer casing being
removed. The bottoms c, c, c, of each of these boxes are formed as flaps or

page_text: shutters, turning upon hinge joints, and when closed are fastened by pins or
bolts d, d, d, passed through staples on the bottoms and sides of the boxes.
These pins or bolts d, d, are each connected to chains or cords c, c, e, e, passed
over small guide rolls, and fastened to a drum or roller f, which drum is again
connected by the chain g to the barrel h, mounted on a shaft, one end of which
turns in a bearing on the top part of the feeding apparatus, the other end being con-
nected to the clock or jack escapement, or other retarding mechanism, contained
in the case at i. The apparatus is put in action by winding up the weight and
cord k, k, which is coiled round the drum f; at the same time the cords or
chains e, e, will be uncoiled, and hang loose, as shewn in Fig. 2. These cords
or chains e, e, e, e, are each of different lengths, and this difference of length
in the cords or chains determines the different spaces of time between each
operation of feeding, for as the weight & descends gradually (it being governed
by the escapement i) it causes the drum f to revolve, and coil on to it the
several cords or chains e, e, e, and thereby to draw out of the staples the pins
or bolts dat different periods, and release the bottoms or flaps c, c, of the boxes,
when they will immediately open, and the coal or other fuel fall down through
the guide hopper into the second hopper m, which has a pair of self-acting
shutters or flaps n, n, with counterbalance weights connected to them, for the
purpose of keeping the flaps closed at all times excepting when the coal is in
the act of falling through them, at which time the superior weight of the coal
forces the flaps n, n, open; but they immediately close after the fuel has passed
through. The coal, in its further progress to the fire, falls upon the in-
clined plane o, which conducts it into the fire-place p. The boiler q, q, sur-
rounds the fire-place without brick or mortar, and is divided into two com-
partments by the partition across the middle, the lower compartment p being
occupied as the fire-place, and the upper one as a hot air chamber, through
which the smoke and vapour pass in the direction of the arrows to the chim-
neys. There is another compartment or chamber t, shewn connected to the
boiler by the neck u. This compartment is for the purpose of receiving the
steam. When hot water is used as the medium of heating, the supply of water
can be received into this compartment by the ball-cock, or in any other con-
venient way. There also must be guage cocks placed in the boiler to shew
the height of water. When using my apparatus for heating and ventilating
buildings with hot water, I connect the distributing pipes or chambers to the
boiler as at w, Fig. 3; and as the greater extent of surface in these distributing
pipes produces an increased effect, I prefer making them as represented at a, a,
that is, flat and narrow; but round or other shaped pipes or tubes may be used,
if thought desirable. The hot water passes first through the upper range of

page_text: pipes or tubes, and returns to the boiler by the lower range, after parting with
a portion of its heat to the surrounding atmosphere, thereby keeping up a
constant circulation of hot water. The distributing pipes should be furnished
with proper valves and cocks to regulate the supply of hot water to the degree
of heat required in the building, and which may also be in a great measure
regulated by the quantity of fuel supplied to the fire at the different feedings,
and also by the longer or shorter time which is allowed to elapse between each
feeding. When using steam as the heating medium, the distributing pipes a, a,
as shown in the Drawing, for hot water, are dispensed with, and the steam taken
direct from the upper part of the boiler by the pipe y, and distributed over the
building, as circumstances may dictate, in pipes or tubes furnished with proper
safety valves, cocks, and exit pipes for the condensed steam. When hot air is
the heating medium employed, the space occupied by the boilers may be filled
with hot air chambers and tubes where the air can be heated, and afterwards
distributed through the building by rotatory fan or other blowing apparatus,
which will cause a circulation; but which it will not be necessary for me to
describe, as there are various ways of carrying it into effect, and the arrange-
ment of the same must depend upon the circumstances under which it is
applied.
Having now described my apparatus for heating and ventilating buildings,
I need only remark, that I consider the second hopper, with its self-closing
shutters, an essential part of this apparatus, as it prevents any downward
draught of cold air having access into the upper part of the fire; and sometimes
I find it convenient, when the extreme regularity of feeding is not required, to
construct an apparatus without the fuel boxes b, b; in such case I fill the part
occupied by them, and also the fire and second hopper with fuel, and allow it
to be gradually consumed by the fire below, and when the fuel has all passed
through the shutters k, they will close, and prevent the cold air getting to the
fire. I would further remark, that this apparatus may be fixed or made port-
able, as may be required; and that the clock escapement may be actuated by
a spring, instead of the cord and weight k, k, as described above. And, further,
that I prefer closing the mouth of the fire-place with double doors, as shewn
at,, in Fig. 1, and that the covers of the fuel boxes be as nearly air-tiglit as
possible, and that the air to support combustion in the fire-place be admitted
at the under part of the grating or fire bars.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Morgan, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and thirty-four.
WILLIAM (L.S.) MORGAN..

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Eighteenth day of July, in the
fifth year of the reign of His Majesty King William the Fourth, the said
William Morgan came before our said Lord the King, in His Chancery, and
acknowledged the instrument aforesaid, and all and every thing therein con-
tained and specified, in form above written. And also the instrument afore-
said was stamped according to the tenor of the Statute made in the fifty-fifth
year of the reign of His late Majesty King George the Third.
Inrolled the Eighteenth day of July, One thousand eight hundred and
thirty-four..