IMPROVE- MENTS IN ELECTRO-MAGNETIC APPARATUS SUITABLE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF MOTIVE POWER, OF HEAT, AND OF LIGHT
Year: 1852

page_text: SHEPARD'S SPECIFICATION.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWARD
CLARENCE SHEPARD, of Duke Street, in the City of Westminster and County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Sixth day of July
(One thousand eight hundred and fifty-two), in the sixteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Edward Clarence Shepard, my exors, admors, and assigns, Her
especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said
Edward Clarence Shepard, my exors, admors, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said Edward Clarence Shepard, my exors, admors, or assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN ELECTRO-MAGNETIC APPARATUS SUITABLE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF MOTIVE
POWER, OF HEAT, AND OF LIGHT," communicated to me from a Foreigner, within
England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, and in the Islands
of Guernsey, Jersey, Alderney, Sark, and Man, and in all Her said Majesty's
Colonies and Plantations abroad, during the term of fourteen years thence next
ensuing; in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso, that I, the said

page_text: Edward Clarence Shepard, shall cause a particular description of the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by
an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, to be inrolled in Her said
Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent, as in and by the same,
reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Edward Clarence Shepard, hereby declare that the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is performed, according as the same have
been communicated to me, are fully set forth and ascertained in and by the
present Specification thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto
annexed for the purpose of illustrating the following descriptions, that is
to say :-
The first part of the said Invention consists of an electro-magnetic appa-
ratus, composed of several permanent magnets (and I prefer to use horse-shoe
magnets) with their ends placed in a circle, and within which circle is mounted
a wheel, having a series of helices or coils of insulated wire fixed on its
periphery, so that when the wheel revolves it shall cause the helices to pass
between the sides of the ends of the magnets all round the circle for the
purpose of creating induced electrical currents.
Sectional and other views of this apparatus (furnished with horse-shoe
magnets) are shewn in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 of the said
Drawings hereunto annexed; Figures 1 and 2 being drawn to a scale of one
inch to a foot, Figures 3 and 4 to a scale of three inches to a foot, and the
other Figures of the full size; and in all these Figures similar parts (so
far as they are therein respectively shewn) are marked with similar letters of
reference.
Figure 1 is an end view of the frame of this apparatus, shewing the positions
of the magnets; and Figure 2 is a cross section of the same, also shewing the
positions in which the magnets are mounted; Figure 3 is a cross section of
the machine, taken through the dotted line in Figure 4; Figure 4 is a
tudinal vertical section, taken through the centre of the machine.
longi-
A, A, Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4, is a rectangular frame of wood, of which there
are altogether ten in the machine. These frames are made of two thicknesses
of planks, each one and a quarter of an inch thick (14), joined in the form of
a square, two planks making the top and bottom, and two others glued to these
on their face. The sides of the corner diagonal pieces are then to be put in, so
as to make both sides a plane surface, leaving an octagonal aperture in the
centre. No iron should be used in making these frames, or at least not in the

page_text: immediate vicinity of the magnets. The planks of the frame are about fourteen
inches wide, and the diagonal corner pieces cut from planks twelve inches wide.
The triangles removed in cutting will serve as filling-in pieces, so as to convert
the interior of the frame into an actagon, and thus but little waste of timber
will ensue. These frames are secured to two sleepers of wood ten inches square
and about fourteen feet long, and also to two pieces of timber at the top eight
inches by four, by brackets a, a, which may be of cast iron, and similar brackets
b, b, are bolted between each pair of frames around the octangular opening;
these should be of brass. It will be well to make these frames in two pieces,
and fastened together with screws, so that any one may be removed to get at
the helices without having to take the machine down. N, S, N, S, are com-
pound horse-shoe magnets, placed so as to form a circle, there being eight in
each circle. There may be several circles of these magnets, and I have made
a machine with twenty of such circles. Each compound magnet is composed
of several (I have used six) plates of very hard tempered cast steel, about two
inches wide, four-tenths of an inch thick, and eighteen inches in length over
all; the distance between the poles being about three inches and thirteen-
sixteenths of an inch. Three bolts, either of iron or brass, five sixteenths of an
inch or three-eighths of an inch in diameter, fasten the six plates together prior
to their being fixed in the machine. A set of compound magnets (placed in a
circle) is secured by screw bolts and brass clips to each side of the wooden
frames A, A, and have adjusting pieces of wood three-quarters of an inch
thick fitting the centres of the horse-shoe magnets, and placed at each side
of a frame so as to fix and hold the magnets in positions four inches apart
from each other. The space left between the frames and magnets will afford
facility for examining and adjusting the helices within the opening of the
frames, which is an important object, and one that should be kept in view,
for the machine is of such a nature that it will not be easy to get at the
different parts, and every opportunity of decreasing the difficulty should
be rendered available. For this purpose the brass brackets b, b, before
alluded to, must be made capable of removal without disturbing the rest
of the machine. The bolts which fasten the inagnets to their frame have
each a collar and nut to fix them in the frame, and admit of the magnets
being secured or adjusted independently of each other; all the magnets in
each circle must be so arranged that their north and south poles shall follow
each other in regular order, so that in each circle of magnets (whether they
shall be horse-shoe magnets or any other descriptions of magnets), there shall
be a north and south pole alternately all round it. The poles of the magnets
in adjoining circles must follow in reverse order to each other, so that a north

page_text: pole shall always have a south pole opposite to it in the circle of magnets on
each side of it, or in other words, every helix must at any given moment pass
between and be acted upon by the north pole of a magnet at one end of it
and the south pole of a magnet at the other end of it. The plates composing
the compound magnets, if not of perfectly uniform thickness, must be selected
so as to make all the compound magnets in a circle of uniform thickness,
otherwise, when adjusted by placing all the faces of the magnets on one side
of a circle in the same plane to permit the helices to approach as near as
practically may be to one side of each magnet in passing round the circle, the
faces of the magnets on the other side of the circle will not be all in the same
plane, and consequently the helices will not on that side approach some of the
sides of the magnets so nearly as they ought. The magnets in each circle
must also be set at equal distances from each other round the circle, so as to
divide the circle accurately into eight (or more) equal parts. Each magnet in
a circle must be placed exactly opposite to the corresponding magnet of each
of the two adjoining circles, the object being to cause all the magnetic
inductions in the armatures to change altogether. B, B, is the axle of the
wheels upon which the helices are fixed; the axle (as shewn in the Figures) is
one and three quarter inches diameter, but it may be better to make it two inches
diameter, it being important to prevent it from springing or vibrating as much
as possible. The ends (slightly turned down) are mounted and turn in bear-
ings bolted to a cast-iron frame C, at each end of the machine. These cast-
iron frames, shown in section in Figure 3, and in front view in Figure 4, are
bolted to the wooden sleepers at the bottom, and to the top longitudinal beams
at the top, and are further supported from springing outward under the end
pressure of the axle B, by two brass or copper rods d, d, passing-through lugs
cast on the frame through the whole length of the machine, to similar lugs of
the frame at the other end of the machine. If the axle be long, an interme-
diate bearing a (which should be of brass) may be used to support the axle
B, about the middle of its length (as shewn in Figure 2,) and prevent it from
bending under the weight of the helices and attraction of the magnets.
This intermediate bearing is bolted to one of the wooden frames in the
plane of one of the circles of magnets, and must be sufficiently narrow to
clear the contiguous helices. At each end of the axle B, for the purpose
of adjusting it, and preventing it from having end motion, is placed a
steel ended screw, passing through the bracket, which is bolted to the cast-
iron frame; each of these screws has a jam nut to prevent it unscrewing;
D (Figure 4) is the driving pulley keyed on the axle B; E, E, are brass or
wooden wheels (the former material I prefer), of which there will be nineteen

page_text: in a machine, such as shewn in the Drawings. There is one of these wheels
mounted between each circle of magnets or poles, so that each circle of mag-
nets or poles (except those at the ends of the machine) may be enabled simul-
taneously to act on two circles of revolving helices or coils. These wheels are
to be securely keyed on the axle B. The rim or flange of each of these
wheels has thirty-two scallops or semicircular recesses to receive the thirty-two
helices to be fixed at the periphery of the wheel. The thickness of each of
these wheels at its periphery is made rather less than the length of the helices
between the outsides of their discs, to admit of the helices being shifted a little
endwise for adjustment. Great care must be used in keying these wheels on
the axle, so as to have the corresponding helices in each of the wheels placed
in perfectly straight lines longitudinally (that is to say), in straight lines drawn
at right angles across the periphery of each of the wheels.
Two brass arcs, shewn also full size in Figures 5 and 6, screw each helix
in its place to the rim of the wheel by means of small screws of brass.
The holes for the screws in the ends of these arcs must be made a little larger
than the diameter of the screws, and a small piece of parchment or gutta
percha, or other insulating material, wrapped around the neck of each screw,
and a parchment or cardboard washer must likewise be put under the head of
each, as shewn in Figure 6. This must be particularly attended to if the
wheels are metallic, otherwise a conducting circuit will surround every helix, in
which a current of electricity will be formed, interfering with and perhaps neu-
tralising that in the helix. It will be observed that these arcs are placed one
near the end of the helix, and the other at some distance from the end. Those
in adjoining helices will be inverted in this respect, so that they will, when
joined together, appear chain fashion, permitting each helix to be fastened or
adjusted independently of its neighbours. n, s, n, s, (Figures 3 and 4) are the
cores of the helices, shewn in full size in Figures 5 and 6; they must be made
of very
soft iron and be well annealed; their length is about three inches and
seven-eighths of an inch, their diameter one inch, and have a bore of half an
inch. A disc of hard wood (metal will not do) is cemented on each end. Each
helix consists of about five hundred feet of insulated copper wire, or there-
abouts, one thirty-second of an inch in diameter. Wire of this thickness.
with the ordinary cotton covering is one twenty-second of an inch (over
the covering) in diameter. Hence 22 x 22 = 484 inches, or 40 feet, in
length of such wire will occupy the space of one cubic inch, and 400 12
cubic inches; is the required capacity of each helix. The internal diameter
of helices is one inch = 78 area; their external diameter is 2½ inches
= 4.9 area; and their length 34 inches; 49 78 = 4.12 sectional and
=
area,

page_text: 4.12 × 31 = 12.87 cubic inches, as required for the above length of wire.
Each of the cores or armatures of the helices or coils mounted on the periphery
of a wheel, which at any given moment are opposite to and between or in
conjunction with the poles of magnets in opposite circles will have magnetism
induced in them simultaneously, and one half of their number of such cores or
armatures will have induced currents of electricity flowing through them in one
direction, and the other half of the number of such cores or armatures will
have induced currents flowing through them in the opposite direction; and when
by the revolution of the wheels these cores or armatures are carried from their
positions between any two poles of opposite denominations, (that is to say,
north and south,) at any part of their revolution (the one in the one circle,
and the other in the other circle), and brought into positions between the poles
of the next magnets in succession in the same two circles, each end of each of
those cores or armatures will come into conjunction with or near to the side
of the end of a magnet of a different polarity, and will therefore have its
polarity reversed, consequently the current of electricity will then pass through
each of the helices or coils in an opposite direction. By making the con-
nections with the proper ends of the wire forming the helices or coils, all the
currents of the helices for the time being in action may be united together in
the machine, forming one grand current; I call these currents, and the sets
of helices in which they are generated, Nos. 1 and 2. These two currents must
of necessity have separate break pieces or commutators, because the reversions
do not take place at the same time. Fixed to the side of each of the wheels,
but insulated from them, are four brass conducting rings p¹, n¹, p², and n²,
serving as collecting points for the currents generated in the helices.
positive ends of all the helices in number 1 set are united to the rings p¹, and
the negative ends to the rings n'; (observe that in speaking here of positive
and negative, it is in relation only to any given moment, for the direction of
the current in the helices is reversed every time they pass the poles of the
magnets, the end that is positive when passing a north pole becoming negative
when passing a south pole ;) similarly the ends of the wires of number 2 set of
helices are connected to the rings p² and n². These connections may be made
by drilling in the conducting rings a small hole for each end of the wires, and
securing the wire in it by a small wedge of half-round wire, taking care to have
all the surfaces in contact clean and bright. Four strong wires pass through
the conducting rings, connecting similar ones together, and transmitting the
currents to the cominutators or pole changers. There should be a binding
screw (not shewn in the Drawing) in each ring to pinch the wire passing
through it to make certain of the metallic circuit and the electric current being
The

page_text: complete. P¹, N, P, and N2, (Figures 7 and 8,) are the commutators or
break pieces (see also Figure 4), where they are shewn in position. These
consist of four brass discs or wheels, two of which, P' and N', act together and
form a pair, P and N2 forming another pair. They are cemented on to a
cylinder of hard wood or ivory to insulate them from the axis, and are also
insulated from each other by thin discs of any non-conducting material. The
edge of each has eight dovetail grooves cut across it filled in with pieces of
ivory, making sixteen alternate equal spaces of metal and ivory; a strong wire
I passes through N2, P2, and N¹, being insulated from them by an ivory ferrule,
and is screwed into the commutator P¹. The other end is bent at right angles,
and terminates in a brass ball, having a hole through it, with a binding screw
to receive the end of the conducting wire, thus forming a metallic connection
between the conducting rings p¹ and the commutator P¹. Another wire J
passes through N2 and P2, insulated from them in the same way as the last by
ivory ferrules, and screwed into the commutator N¹. A ball and binding screw
like the last connects this with the conducting rings n¹. Just in like manner the
other pair of commutators or pole changers P2 and N2 are connected to the
wires of the other conducting rings p² and n². The insulating cylinder on
which the commutators are cemented has another ring K, of either brass
or iron, also cemented on to it, into which is screwed a pinching screw, to
fix the set of commutators in any required position on the axis. This ring
must be filed away at the joints where the conducting wires pass it, so as not
to touch them and destroy their insulation. There are two springs F and G,
pressing on each of the commutators, one connected with the positive pole of
the machine and the other with the negative pole, so adjusted, as seen in the
Drawing, that just as one is leaving an ivory piece the other is leaving the
inetallic surface.
no
The Diagram, Figure 9, shews the relative positions of the alternate surface
of metal and ivory in all the commutators, provided all the springs terminate
at the joints of the circle shewn in the Drawing, Figure 8; but this is by
means necessary; all the requisites are, first, that only one of the two springs
shall be in metallic contact with a commutator at a time; second, that a
positive spring shall be in inetallic contact with one of the commutators of a
pair, while a negative spring is in contact with the other one; third, that the
touching joints of the springs change from metal to ivory and from ivory to
metal at the same moment in both commutators of a pair; and, fourth, that
one pair of commutators shall be in the middle of their action at the moment
that the other are in the act of changing. These conditions, it will be seen
on examination, are all complied with in the Drawing, all four of the positive

page_text: springs, and the four negative ones being supposed to be exactly similar to the
pair in Figure 8. The commutators must be set so that the springs shall
change from conducting to non-conducting surface a little after the centres
of the set of helices to which they are attached have passed the centres of the
poles of the magnets; the amount of lead will depend entirely on the speed of
rotation, and must be determined by experiment, the set screw allowing the
commutators to be shifted, and reset with the greatest facility. Instead of
placing each of the horse-shoe magnets (when such magnets are used) with
both of its arms or poles on the same side of a wooden frame A, A, each of
such magnets may be placed with one of its arms or poles on one side of a
frame and the other arm or pole on the other side of the frame, and, as it
were, astride the frame, in manner shewn in Figure 10; the parts shewn in
which Figure are marked with letters of reference in like manner as the
Figures herein-before described. The arms of the magnets may be secured
to the sides of the frame by brass straps, as shewn in Figure 10, or in any
other convenient manner. If horse-shoe magnets be thus placed upon each of
the frames, or if straight magnets be used, all the arms or poles placed in each
circle may be of one and the same denomination, (that is to say,) of either
north or south polarity), taking care, however, that all the arms or poles
placed in the circle next adjoining, or in each of the next adjoining circles
(if more than one), shall be of a different denomination or polarity. If the
arms or poles be thus arranged, the arrangement of the commutator or pole
changer must be varied accordingly. The poles of such magnets in each
circle may, however, be placed in the same manner as herein-before described.
When horse-shoe magnets are thus mounted, the helices or coils on a wheel
will, during their revolution, pass through between the arms of all of such
magnets, forming two circles, and be brought into conjunction with the inner
sides thereof near to the ends thereof, and the helices or coils of another wheel
will, during their revolution, pass between the outer sides of the poles of one
of the circles formed by the arms of such magnets (near the ends thereof), and
the poles of the next adjoining circle of poles of magnets near the ends
thereof.
The second part of my said Invention consists of a modification of the
electro-magnetic apparatus, already described, in which the relative positions
of the compound magnets, and of the helices or coils are reversed, the com-
pound magnets being attached to a wheel which revolves within a circle
formed by the helices or coils which are fixed immoveably in that position.
Figure 11 is a plan view of part of a wheel used in forming a machine
according to this part of my Invention, and shewing two compound horse-shoe

page_text: magnets attached to one side of the wheel, also a portion of the circle of helices
or coils within which the wheel revolves. Although in this Figure two only
of the series of compound magnets are shown, it is to be understood, that each
side of the wheel is to be furnished with eight similar compound magnets,
placed at equal distances apart with their poles outwards, each pole projecting
the same distance beyond the periphery of the wheel, and so placed that there
shall be alternately a north and a south pole all round the periphery on each
side. Each of the compound magnets on one side of a wheel is to be placed
immediately opposite to a compound magnet on the opposite side of the wheel,
but with their poles placed on reverse sides, so that every north pole on one
side of the wheel may be opposite to a south pole on the other side of the
wheel, and every south pole on the first-mentioned side opposite to a north
pole on the other side. A wheel, such as that partly shewn in the Figure,
will be about fifty-six and a half inches in diameter, and four inches in thick-
ness, and may be composed of good hard close-grained wood, thoroughly dry
and free from knots, or any other convenient material except iron or steel.
The number of wheels and of circles of helices or coils will of course vary
according to the intended dimensions and power of machine. Upon each side
or face of each of the wheels, formed in the manner described, are fastened
the compound magnets in couples, the one against one side or face of the
wheel, and the other against the opposite side or face, by means of strong brass
pins or screws c, e, which pass through the wheel between the arms of the
magnets, and are screwed at their ends. into the cross pieces of wood or other
non-conducting material d, d, one of which is placed across the arms of each
of the magnets near the bend, and another across the arms of each magnet
almost close to the edge or periphery of the wheel. By this means, each
couple of magnets A, B, A', B', will be clamped between the side or face of
the wheel and the cross pieces d, d, in such a position that ends of opposite
polarities shall be placed opposite to each other at the same portion of the
periphery of a wheel, and at a distance of four inches apart, that being
the thickness of the wheel. Instead of placing each of the horse-shoe magnets
(when such magnets are used) with both of its arms or poles in the same side
or face of a wheel, each of such magnets may be placed with one of its arms
or poles on one side or face of a wheel, and the other arm or pole on the other
side or face of the wheel. And for this purpose cuts or openings may be
made in each of the wheels, so as to permit the magnets to be fixed and
secured in the position just mentioned.
If horse-shoe magnets be thus placed upon each of the wheels, or if straight
magnets be used, all the arms or poles placed on each side of any wheel inay

page_text: be of one and the same denomination, (that is to say, of either north or south
polarity,) taking care, however, that all the wheels of the machine shall have
their magnets so mounted as to have a series of north poles only at one and a
similar side of each of the wheels at the periphery thereof, and a series of
south poles only at the other side of each of the same wheels. The arms or
poles of magnets so placed upon the wheels may, however, be placed so that
the poles shall be arranged in like manner as herein-before described.
Through the centre of each wheel passes an axle a, common to all the
wheels in the machine, and upon which they inust be securely and truely fixed.
The total length of the axle a upon which the wheels are fixed will, if the
machine be furnished with twenty wheels, be about one hundred and fifty-six
inches, and its diameter about six inches.
:
The axle should be placed so that the centre of it shall pass through the
centre of each of the circles of helices or coils in the machine, in order that
when the wheels revolve, the sides of the poles of the magnets on each of the
sides of the wheels may pass close to but without touching the ends of
the helices or coils forming the circles.
The ends of the compound magnets extend about four inches beyond the
peripheries of the wheels, so that their projecting extremities may come even
with the circle within which the helices or coils are placed.
The axle a (which extends through the whole length of the machine) is
mounted in bearings (including an intermediate bearing) in the same manner
as herein-before described with respect to the axle of the machine shewn in
Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4, as made according to the first part of my Invention.
9, 9, is a portion of a circle (which may be made of wood, brass, or other non-
conducting material), and within which the helices or coils may be placed and
fixed in scallops or semicircular recesses, in like manner as helices or coils
are herein-before described as being fixed at the peripheries of the wheels in
making a machine according to, the first part of my Invention; and I fix the
helices or coils in their recesses so as to be insulated. Several cuts or grooves
i, i, are made across the circular ring 9, 9, at each side of it, to receive the
conducting wires j, j, proceeding from the helices or coils, and in which
grooves the wires should be insulated. There is to be one cut or groove for
each of the helices or coils at each side of the circular ring 9, g, for receiving
the two conducting wires proceeding from such coils respectively. The insu-
lated wires forming each of the helices or coils should be coiled in the same
manner, and the helices or coils should all be placed in with their wires
turning or proceeding in the same direction. The number of helices in each
circle should be the same, and I prefer to arrange them and the magnets so

page_text: that during the revolution of the wheels a line of magnets or helices or coils,
extending from one end of the machine to the other, may be simultaneously
brought into action. The helices or coils and magnets may, however, be
arranged in any other manner which may be deemed advantageous for the
production of the induced currents of electricity. In every case in which
horse-shoe magnets are herein-before described or mentioned as being used or
applicable, two straight magnets may be substituted for each horse-shoe
magnet, placing the straight magnets so that there shall be a north pole or a
south pole in every position which would have been occupied by a similar pole
of a horse-shoe magnet. The frame of the machine may be constructed of
strong beams of timber or iron, in order to bear the great weight of the wheels
and their magnets. The frame carrying this machine may be supported by
any convenient means upon a firm foundation, and it should be fixed so that
the machine shall not shake or have any tremulous motion when it is in
operation. The current or currents of electricity produced by either of the
descriptions of apparatus herein-before described may be conducted to any
apparatus which may be suitable, either for the production of motive power, or
of heat or light, or any other purpose to which such current or currents may
be applicable.
In the description of the apparatus or machines herein-before contained, I
have given some precise dimensions of parts, in order to enable a workman to
make machines such as shewn in the Figures; but it must be understood that
I do not intend thereby to restrict my claim to machines made of such dimen-
sions as herein-before mentioned; nor do I intend to confine my claim of
Invention to any machine or machines composed of any precise number of
magnets or of helices or coils; but what I claim as my Invention is,-
Firstly, the construction of electro-magnetic apparatus of a combination of
permanent magnets and helices or coils and parts, in such manner that the
helices or coils of such apparatus mounted at the peripheries of wheels
revolving on the axes shall be successively brought into conjunction with
magnetic poles in adjoining circles, at a position or positions between the sides
of such poles near the ends thereof, in manner and for the purposes herein-
before described.
Secondly, the construction of similar apparatus with horse-shoe magnets and
helices or coils, in such manner that the helices or coils mounted and revolving
on one such wheel as aforesaid, or on each of several such wheels as aforesaid,
(if more than one) shall, during their revolution, pass between the insides of
opposite arms of the same magnets throughout their revolution, whilst the
helices or coils of each next adjoining wheel shall, during their revolution,

page_text: pass between the outer sides of opposite arms or poles of different magnets
throughout their revolution, in manner and for the purposes herein-before
described.
Thirdly, the construction of such electro-magnetic apparatus, in such manner
that the sides of the poles of the permanent magnets of such apparatus fixed
upon wheels revolving on their axes shall be successively brought into con
junction with the helices or coils of such apparatus placed in adjoining circles,
in manner herein-before described.
And, fourthly, the construction of similar apparatus with horse-shoe magnets
and helices or coils, each of the magnets being placed with one of its arms or
poles on one side or face of a wheel, and the other arm or pole on the other
side or face of the wheel, in manner and for the purposes herein-before
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Clarence Shepard, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Sixth day of January, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.
EDWARD CLARENCE (L.S.) SHEPARD.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Sixth day of January, in the
EDWARD CLARENCE (L.S.) SHEPARD.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Sixth day of January, in the
year of our Lord 1835, the aforesaid Edward Clarence Shepard came before
our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specifi-
cation aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in
form above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according
to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Sixth day of January, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and fifty-three.