IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKS AND KEYS THEREFOR AND HANDLES AND BOXES OR STAPLES FOR LOC
Year: 1884

page_text: "
I JAMES YATE JOHNSON of 47 Lincolns Inn Fields in the County of Middlesex
Gentleman do hereby declare the nature of said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LOCKS AND KEYS THEREFOR AND HANDLES AND BOXES OR STAPLES FOR LOCKS
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The improved locks constructed according to this Invention are provided with
a central or main bolt operated by the action of the key upon the lock and a
supplementary bolt or supplementary bolts operated by the intervention of
connecting rods and racks and pinions or pitch chains or rods with inclines
excentrics or other equivalent devices worked by the key as hereinafter described.
These main and supplementary bolts may be protected by a case or plate extending
from the top to the bottom of the door in such a manner as to connect all the
screws and enable the lock to resist attempts to remove or destroy it by prizing or
cutting with the saw or chisel-With the same object the box staples or catches
are likewise of special construction as hereinafter explained.
The mechanism directly connected with the central bolt or lock proper is
operated from the outside of the apartment or chamber by a key of special form
and from the interior by means of a knob or handle with arms and a button or
push pin.
The lock is also provided with a latch bolt which can be operated independently
of the central bolt or lock proper from the inner side of the door but from the
outer side of the door is withdrawn by the key at the same time that the said key
withdraws the said central bolt or lock proper.
And in order that the said Invention may be fully understood I shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same and for that purpose shall refer to
the several Figures on the annexed Sheet of Drawings the same letters of reference
indicating corresponding parts in all the Figures.

page_text: Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings is a side elevation. Figure 2 a horizontal
section and Figure 3 a transverse section of a lock constructed according to this
Invention the covering or cap plate being removed from Figure 1.
Figures 4. 5 and 6 represent details of the mechanism by which the movements
of the bolts are controlled Figure 7 represents a side and end view of the key and
Figure 8 shows a form of handle which may be used to operate the lock from the
interior Figure 9 represents one of the supplementary bolts and Figures 10 and
and 11 represent respectively an elevation and a transverse section of a catch or
staple hereinafter described.
The following description with reference to the Drawings relates to locks for
chamber doors which are selected merely as an example in order to illustrate the
practical application of the Invention but the same principles of construction can
similarly be applied to the manufacture of locks for other purposes.
The mechanism of the lock is contained in a case A provided with a covering or
cap plate B made in one piece with or rigidly connected to a cylinder or barrel a
for the reception of a key C (Figure 7)-The barrel a coincides with a moveable
socket D contained in the case A and provided with two toothed wheels or
segments c and c' and with a drill pin t (Figures 1 and 5). To the socket D is
secured a knob or handle E preferably provided with arms e (Figures 2. 3 and 8)
for working the lock from the inside of the apartment. These arms enable the
bolts to be operated by the fingers with great facility.-The teeth of the segment c
engage with corresponding teeth on the edge of the main or central bolt V guided
by a stud or pin g (Figure 1) and the teeth of the segment c¹ similarly engage
with the teeth of a rack F on a connecting rod or bar F which transmits motion
to a supplementary bolt or supplementary bolts (Figures 9) as hereinafter
described.
The central or main bolt V is retained in position or locked by a pin d having
an enlargement d and is thereby rendered incapable of being moved so long as
the enlarged part d¹ of the pin d is engaged with an elongated hole or slot in the
shape of a keyhole formed in the bolt V for the reception of the said pin. This
pin is liberated from its engagement from the interior of the chamber by pressing
upon a small knob or push pin e and from the exterior by means of the key C. as
hereinafter described-On the extremity of the pipe of the said key C. are formed
nibs or projections n (Figure 7) the dimensions form and number of which may
vary a shoulder i being also formed on the pipe behind these projections.
In order to unlock the door the key C. is inserted into the cylinder or barrel a
of the lock in such a manner that the end of the pipe of the said key comes in
contact with an inclined surface on the end of a pin projecting into the interior
of the socket D being pressed inwards by a spring f-The other end of this pin
bears against the arm x of a lever a pivotted on a pin x' the arm of this lever
bearing against one end of a pin m sliding in a socket on the extremity of a
lever turning on a centre l'-The other end of this pin m passes through a slot 2
in the side of the socket D and a spring m¹ holds the pin m away from the key
until the end of the pipe of the key acts upon the pin whereupon the arm & of
the lever acts upon the pin m and causes. the extremity of this pin m to
protrude into the interior of the socket D-When the key is now pushed still
further into the socket the shoulder i comes in contact with the protruding end of
this pin m and causes the lever to turn upon its centre l' and displace the locking
pin d (with which it is connected as shown at 12 Figure 6) so as to free the enlarged
part of the said pin from the slot in the bolt V. The key can now be turned in the
direction of the arrow w (Figure 1) the nibs or projections n engaging with studs a
projecting into the interior of the socket D compelling the said socket to turn with
the said key-The toothed segment c on the socket then acts upon and retracts the
main bolt V and the segment c at the same time displaces the connecting rod or
bar Flongitudinally thereby causing it to simultaneously retract all the
supplementary bolts by means of racks F2 (Figure 9) working pinions p in gear.
with corresponding racks on the said bolts which are distributed at suitable-

page_text: distances apart on the edge of the door being contained in appropriate cases or
boxes, the latch bolt G is also withdrawn at the same time by means of a projection
or tooth on the bar F' which projection comes in contact with the tail of a lever h
(Figure 1) turning on a centre and provided with a spring causes the other
end h³ of the said lever (which engages in a slot in the latch bolt) to retract the
said latch bolt.
In order to lock the door by shooting the bolts Vv the key must be turned in
the opposite direction and caused to impart a corresponding motion (in the reverse
direction to that of unlocking) to the racks and pinions or other mechanism by
which motion is transmitted to the said bolts.
When the key is withdrawn the pins m and f and parts connected therewith
return to their original position and the pin & also returns to the position in which
it locks the bolt V. The lock may be operated from the inner side of the door
either by means of the handle E or by inserting the key in a suitable barrel or
cylinder provided in substitution for or combined with the said handle but in all
cases it is necessary to disengage the locking pin d by pressing on the knob c before
the bolts can be moved from the inside.
The latch bolt can be withdrawn from inside the door by means of a pull piece
or handle G¹.
When the arrangement according to this Invention is applied to a spring latch
lock the latch spindle and two knobs can be attached to the case for being
operated as usual a small knob (Figure 1) being employed to secure the latch
bolt in its shot position the said knob being connected with an excentric pin
projecting into the interior of the case so that by giving a half turn to the knob
the said pin is caused to engage in a notch formed in the latch bolt. The said knob
is situated inside the door so that the latch can only be released from the inside.
During the rotary motion of the socket D a small pin y enters a notch in
the pin f.
The box or staple illustrated in Figures 10 and 11 is provided on its inner side I
with a projection J which is embedded in the door post and is formed with a hole
through which is passed a screw (or screws) K as indicated in Figure 11 thereby
rendering it impossible to force off the staple until the said screw or screws is or
are removed.
The connecting rod F may either be made in one piece or be divided into
sections so as to enable any one or more of the supplementary bolts to be thrown
out of action if required.
It is evident that motion may be transmitted to the supplementary bolts by
means of other devices forming equivalents for the rack and pinion arrangement
herein before described (such for example as endless or pitch chains or a rod with
cam surfaces or inclined planes) without affecting the principles of the Invention.
This Invention presents the following advantages. They are equally applicable
to right and left-handed doors; the key acts whichever way it is inserted and the
lock can be worked from the inside either with or without the key. The lock can
be fitted to a door by simply forming a hole for the passage of the barrel a and the
box or staple is secured to the door post in such a imanner that it cannot be
wrenched off. Any suitable number of bolts can be shot without the employment
of bellcrank or bent levers. It is not complicated and may be cheaply made and
its safety is provided for by means of variations in the form number and size of
the projections at the end of the pipe of the key. The supplementary lock or locks
can be dispensed with if desired and in that case the bar F F will of course not
be needed,
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
First The general construction and arrangement of the improved lock having
a main or central bolt combined with a supplementary bolt or supplementary bolts
(preferably not less than two) operated simultaneously with the said main bolt by

page_text: means of toothed wheels or segments and connecting rods or bars provided with
racks or by their equivalents substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated
in the accompanying Drawings.
Second: A key for operating locks constructed as herein before set forth the
said key having nibs or projections and a shoulder arranged and operating
substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in the accompanying
Drawings.
Third: For operating the bolts of locks a knob or handle E having arms e for
the purpose of facilitating the operation of opening the lock substantially as
herein before described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings.
Fourth-Boxes or staples for receiving the bolts of locks the said boxes or
staples having a projection J for the passage of a safety screw or screws substantially
as herein before described and illustrated in Figures 10 and 11 of the accompanying
Drawings.
Fifth-The arrangement and combination of parts constituting the lock
illustrated in Figures 1, 2 and 3 of the accompanying Drawings irrespective of the
bar FF for operating a supplementary bolt or supplementary bolts substantially
as hereinbefore described.