Improvements connected with Apparatus for Producing Cold Air for Refrigerating and like purposes.
Year: 1899

page_text: PRETIVAAL DIEUIFICATIOAT,
Improvements connected with Apparatus for Producing Cold Air
for Refrigerating and like purposes.
We, THOMAS COLE and WILLIAM LAWES COLE, both of St. Ann's Road, Bur-
dett Road, Bow, London, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of this inven-
tion to be as follows:-
This invention relates to certain improvements connected with apparatus for
producing cold air for refrigerating and like purposes.
For the purpose of this invention, we force the compressed air from the com-
pression cylinder either direct into a double cased cylinder termed the expansion
cylinder, or first pass the compressed air through a column in which spheres or
other obstructive media is placed over which a current of water is passed to break
the inflowing air into fine streams, for the purpose of extracting the heat of com-
pression and a portion of the moisture and then to flow through tubes arranged
in the upper part of the column so that a further portion of the moisture is
removed before it enters the double jacketed or expansion cylinder which forms
the essential feature of the present invention, or the air from the compression
cylinder may pass direct to our expansion cylinder.
-sur-
This cylinder is composed of two shells, the inner one for expansion is su
rounded by a spiral or baffles enclosed by the outer cylinder, so that the air
enters the space near the bottom of the outer cylinder and after travelling spirally
or directed by baffles or other means or appliances issues through one or more
ports into a hollow cover which constitutes a second improvement of our invention.
The base of this cover is provided with passages coinciding with those in the
head of the double cylinder for leading the air thereinto, the air then passing
through valved apertures into the expansion cylinder from which it is forced
by the piston to the cool or refrigerating chamber containing the substances or
material to be preserved thereby.
One of the valves in this cover has a hollow stem in which a relief valve is
fitted, both of said valves being lifted from their seats by a lever common to both,
so that the relief valve is raised during the first portion of the levers movement
and then the two valves are lifted together.
The valves sit upon leather or like seatings, so that there is little or no
noise during their operations. The other main valve allows the air to pass from
the cover to the inner cylinder for transmission to the cooling chamber.
By the circuitous route which the air has to pass in travelling through the
space between the double cylinder before it reaches the piston of the inner or
expansion cylinder reduces the temperature of the air considerably and further
deprives it of moisture and delivers it in a practically perfectly dry and cold
condition specially adapted for the purpose of refrigerating.

page_text: The leather valve seatings of the hollow cover are readily renewable by a simple
unscrewing arrangement of a ring shaped retainer.
H. GARDNER,
Patent Agent, 166, Fleet Street, London,
Agent for the said T. Cole and W. L. Cole.
Improvements connected with Apparatus for Producing Cold Air
for Refrigerating and like purposes.
We, THOMAS COLE and WILLIAM LAWES COLE, both of St. Ann's Road, Bur-
dett Road, Bow, London, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to certain improvements connected with apparatus for
producing cold air for refrigerating and like purposes.
For the purpose of this invention, we force the compressed air from the com-
pression cylinder either direct into a double cased cylinder termed the expansion
cylinder, or first pass the compressed air through a column in which spheres or
other obstructive media is placed over which a current of water is passed to break
the inflowing air into fine streams for the purpose of extracting the heat of com-
pression and a portion of the moisture and then to flow through tubes arranged
in the upper part of the column so that a further portion of the moisture is
removed before it enters the double jacketed or expansion cylinder which forms
the essential feature of the present invention, or the air from the compression
cylinder may pass direct to our expansion cylinder.
This cylinder is composed of two shells, the inner one for expansion is sur-
rounded by a spiral or baffles enclosed by the outer cylinder, so that the air
enters the space near the bottom of the outer cylinder and after travelling spirally
or directed by baffles or other means or appliances issues through one or more
ports into a hollow cover which constitutes a second improvement of our invention.
The base of this cover is provided with passages coinciding with those in the
head of the double cylinder for leading the air thereinto, the air then passing
through valved apertures into the expansion cylinder from which it is forced
by the piston to the cool or refrigerating chamber containing the substances or
material to be preserved thereby.
One of the valves in this cover has a hollow stem in which a relief valve is
fitted, both of said valves being lifted from their seats by a lever common to both,
so that the relief valve is raised during the first portion of the levers movement
and then the two valves are lifted together.
The valves sit upon leather or like seatings so that there is little or no
noise during their operations. The other main valve allows the air to pass from
the cover to the inner cylinder for transmission to the cooling chamber.
By the circuitous route which the air has to pass in travelling through the
space between the double cylinder before it reaches the piston of the inner or
expansion cylinder reduces the temperature of the air considerably and further
deprives it of moisture and delivers it in a practically perfectly dry and cold
condition specially adapted for the purpose of refrigerating.
The leather valve seatings of the hollow cover are readily renewable by a simple
unscrewing arrangement of a ring shaped retainer."
Our invention is shown on the annexed drawings.

page_text: Figure 1 general plan of the mechanism with the cold chamber partly in
section.
Figure 2.side elevation of machine and the preferred method of driving it.
Figure 3 part sectional elevation of the spirally winged and double cased
cylinder apparatus in and by which the air is cooled and then drawn away from
between the casings for expansion into the cold chamber.
Figure 4 sectional plan of the valve containing cover secured on the head of
the double cased cylinder.
Figure 5. part sectional elevation of the double cased cylinder having baffles
arranged spirally to check or obstruct the flow of cold air around the cylinder.
Figure 6 is a sectional plan of a cylinder having spirals in which holes or
recesses are made to check or obstruct the flow of cold air.
A, air compression cylinder, the piston or plunger of which is operated by
crank shaft B on the engine framing C. The air as compressed in cylinder
passes through the valved connection D into box E after having a supply of
cold water sprayed by the supply pipe F to destroy the heat of compression and
to bring the air into a preliminary or cooled condition. From this the cooled air
passes into the vessel G where it is broken up by obstructions, such as glass
spheres or other non-conductors of heat arranged upon trays in superposed layers
and these are sprayed by cold water from pipe jets where the coldness of the air
is maintained before it is allowed to enter and travel upwardly along the spirally
partitioned space H of the double cased cylinder I and in which the coldness of
the air increases considerably by contact with the outer walls, of the expansion
cylinder and the obstructions thereon, from which space H it passes
through apertures J, J, of the head plate K through corresponding
apertures to the hollow cover L from which it emerges to the piston M of the
expansion or. inner cylinder of the double cased cylinder I when the tappet
valve N is opened by mechanical operation on the outside lever P.
The spirals H may have holes H2 for retarding the flow of air in the space H,
as at Figure 6, or baffles H³ may be arranged spirally, as at Figure 5, or other-
wise to effect the same purpose.
The pressure of the air within the hollow cover L is very great. and in order
to relieve said valve in the opening operation we form a central hole in the
valve N closable by a smaller plunger valve R which first opens the small hole Q
and puts the valve N in almost a state of equilibrium from the commencement
of the suction stroke of the piston M until it is raised from its seating by the
further or continued action on the lever P as the valve N closes against the
return stroke of the piston M a fresh volume of compressed air passes to the
hollow cover and exerts pressure on the valve to keep it closed so that the air
from niston M is forced into the cup like chamber S in which is an outlet
valve T which through action of the lever U is opened for the passage of the
air from the expansion cylinder I through the pipe V to the cold room W
within which it is distributed by the outlets X, X.
The walls of the cold room are perforated or have open meshed screens, as
at Y. so that by the fan Z. a perfect circulation of cold air can be kept un both
in the room W and in the jacket A¹ surrounding the pine V, so that a portion of
such circulated cold air passes into the compartment B1, this being a sub-com-.
partment closable by a door C¹ from the other compartment W, into which com-
partment B a person can enter by the door D¹, so that little or no cold air can
escane by the doors having been opened to interfere with the contents of the
cold room.
The cold room is lagged with a non-conductor of heat in any well known
manner.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is:
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1. As the essential feature in refrigerating apparatus of the kind described,

page_text: •
the double cased expansion cylinder with intermediate spiral or equivalent
obstructions in combination with the hollow cover having inlet and outlet valves
for passing air from the cooling vessel to the expansion cylinder previous to
distribution in chamber.
2. In a refrigerating apparatus of the kind described, the cooling of the com-
pressed air in a vessel, passing it into spiral or obstructed course between a double
cased cylinder for further cooling same the inner of which double cased cylinder
is for expanding the cold air, and for driving it into the cooling chamber in which
food or substances have to be conserved.
March 1900.
R. CORE GARDNER,
Patent Agent, 166, Fleet Street, London, -
Agent for the said Thomas Cole and William Lawes Cole.