IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COLOURING MATTERS FOR DYEING AND PRINTING
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph James Coleman, of Holly. Royd, in the
Parish of Halifax, in the County of York, Professor of Chemistry, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COLOURING
MATTERS FOR DYEING AND PRINTING."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph James Coleman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his -Petition, on the
16th August 1860.
I, JOSEPH JAMES COLEMAN, of Holly Royd, in the Parish of Halifax, in
the County of York, Professor of Chemistry, do hereby declare the nature of
the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COLOURING MATTERS
FOR DYEING AND PRINTING," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of red
and blue coloring matters from aniline or its analogues, such as toluidine,'
xylidine, and cumidine. The object is effected by treating aniline, toluidine,
xylidine, or cumidine with compounds of bismuth, antimony, or arsenic. By
heating together for some time at or about that of ebullition, a mixture of
aniline or its analogues with terchloride of antimony, a quantity of coloring
matter is produced, which is bright red or purple according to the quantity'
of terchloride used. Employing, instead of terchloride of antimony, the per-
chloride, the colour produced is blue or purple. By treating in a similar
manner mixtures of aniline or its analogues with one or more of the com-

page_text: pounds following, similar results are obtained :-Terchloride of bismuth,
terchloride of arsenic, nitrate of bismuth, peroxide of bismuth, terbromide of
arsenic, iodide of bismuth, iodide of arsenic. The red colour obtained by
these processes may be dissolved out of the rough products by water or
by spirit. The blue coloring matter, being nearly insoluble in water, may-
be brought into solution by an alcoholic or acid menstruum.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Joseph James Coleman in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
15th February 1861.
TO ALL. TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
JAMES COLEMAN, of Holly Royd, in the Parish of Halifax, in the County of
York, Professor of Chemistry, send greeting...
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixteenth day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-fourth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her. heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Joseph James Coleman, Her special licence that I, the said Joseph James
Coleman, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Joseph James Coleman, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland; the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COLOURING MATTERS FOR DYEING AND PRINTING,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I;-the said Joseph James. Coleman,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe, and ascer-
tain the nature of the said Invention, and in. what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of
the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph James Coleman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same. is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say:
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of red

page_text: and blue coloring matters from aniline or its analogues, such as toluidine,
xylidine, and cumidine. The object is effected by treating aniline or its
analogues with certain under-mentioned compounds of bismuth, antimony, or
arsenic. The processes are conducted as follows:-The metallic compound
selected is mixed with aniline or its analogues, and the whole introduced into
a still or suitable vessel. Heat is then applied, and its application continued
until coloring matters cease to be formed. In using terchloride of antimony,
it may be mixed with twice its weight of aniline or its analogues, but 'the
proportion admits of variation. The mixture is at first heated to ebullition
for a few minutes. The temperature of the liquid is now allowed to sink to
280° or 300° Fahrenheit, and maintained at about that point for several hours,
and until coloring matter ceases to be formed. From the rough product thus
produced, the. coloring matter is extracted by boiling water if red is desired,
or by dilute spirit if a purple shade is required. A bluish purple color may
be obtained from the residue after the red color has been extracted by treating
it with spirit. If red color only be required, it may be obtained with little or
no blue tinge by increasing the quantity of aniline; thus, if one part of
terchloride is added to eight parts of aniline, and the same be treated in the
manner above described, the red color may be separated by boiling water or
by spirit. The production of a large quantity of the bluish purple coloring
matter may be secured by employing the terchloride of antimony in a hydrated
state, or by using the aniline in the form of acetate, hydrochloride, or nitrate.
For producing a violet coloring matter, aniline, or its analogues, may be used
either alone, or as a salt, such as nitrate, hydrochlorate, or acetate, with per-
chloride of antimony. They are mixed gradually together in the proportions of
their chemical equivalents. The resulting liquid is heated to ebullition,and kept
at that temperature for about one hour. The product is treated with water,
which dissolves out soluble impurities. The residue (containing the coloring
matter) is now collected, and treated with concentrated sulphuric acid, which
dissolves it, forming a deep blue liquid. Water is then added, which repre-
cipitates the coloring matter partially purified. The precipitate is separated
from the liquid by filtration, washed, and dried at 212° Fahrenheit. The
powder of a bluish black color thus obtained is boiled repeatedly with com-
mercial benzole or spirit of turpentine, which dissolves out resinous impurities.
Finally, the precipitate is dried and treated with alcohol or methilated spirit,
which dissolves out the coloring matter. Similar coloring matters to the
above may also be produced by employing, in like manner, in place of the
chlorides of antimony, the chlorides of bismuth or of arsenic.
This Invention also consists in producing similar coloring matters to those

page_text: above described, by acting upon aniline, by preference, in the form of sulphate,
acetate, or hydrochlorates in. solution with peroxide of bismuth,. otherwise
bismuthic acid, or the same in combination with a base forming a bismuthate,
by which means a precipitate is obtained, to purify which it is treated in
the same manner as has been herein-before described with respect to the
perchloride of antimony products.
And having now described the nature of the said Invention, and the way in
which the same is to be performed, I desire it. to be understood that I claim
obtaining coloring matters as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph James Coleman, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of February, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
J. J. COLEMAN. (L.S.)