Improvements in Incandescent Vapour Lamps.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 28th May, 1896-Accepted, 3rd Oct., 1896
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Incandescent Vapour Lamps.
We, JULIUS FRIEDRICH CHARLES JÜRGENS, of 35 Oelkers Allee, Altona, Germany,
Mechanical Engineer. and ALBERT BERTHOLD KISTRITZ, of 994, Thalstrasse, Hamburg,
Germany, Manager, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :-
The considerable saving in gas that is effected by using incandescent gas burners
has given rise latterly to the construction of lamps, based on the same principle, for
burning liquid fuel. A favourable result seems to have been already achieved with
spirit, which is easily gasified. On account of the high price of spirit, however, such
lamps can scarcely come into general use, as would lamps of this kind adapted to burn
petroleum which is very much cheaper. But great difficulties arise in the case of the
last mentioned lamps on account of the great richness of the petroleum in carbon, and
its high boiling-point, so that it has not been possible with the lamps heretofore
constructed to gasify and burn petroleum without soot and without smell, which are
essential requirements of such a lamp when intended to be used as an incandescent
oil lamp.
Now, in an incandescent lamp suitable for burning liquid fuel rich in carbon
according to this invention, both the gasification of the fuel and the combustion of the
This result is attained
generated gas are effected entirely without smell or soot.
by effecting the gasification of the fuel by means of the hot gases of combustion of a
small petroleum suction-lamp; by the production of an intimate mixture of air and
gas in a separate device which is arranged between the place where the gas is
generated and the place where it is burnt; and by the supply of air both to the
generated gas and to the place where the mixture is burnt.
In the accompanying drawings,
Fig. 1 is a vertical section, and Fig. 2 an elevation showing the burner portion of
a lamp according to this invention.
Figs. 3 and 4 are sections on the lines A B C and D E respectively of Fig. 1;
Figs. 5 to 7 inclusive illustrate details.
Fig. 5 showing the burner-gallery with the cap for the carrier for the incandescent
body in elevation,
Fig. 6 being a corresponding plan, and
Fig. 7 showing a section of the central part of Fig. 6 on the line F G ;
Figs. 8 to 10 inclusive illustrate some modified devices for mixing the combustible
gas with air.
The burner comprises a number of wick-tubes b, which are connected to a reservoir-
ring a and in which are guided the wicks for sucking up the liquid combustible, and
a small petroleum suction-lamp c, which is arranged in the cylindrical chamber
formed by the wick-tubes 6 and above which is fixed a cap d that serves to promote
the supply of air and supports a glass cylinder f. This cylinder is surrounded at its
upper end by a wire-gauze cylinder g, which prevents the heating-flame from passing
through to the wicks. The wick-tubes are surrounded by a cylinder i, which is
connected to the burner-screen k. The upper end of the cylinder i constitutes a
gasifying and mixing chamber. For this purpose, at a short distance above the
upper ends of the wick-tubes there is fixed in the cylinder i a plate k which is
provided with holes for the wicks, and with holes m for the entry of air. Above
this plate is a second plate n with corresponding holes o for the passage therethrough
of the mixture of gas and air to the chamber situated above which terminates in a

page_text: tube p the upper opening of which is closed by a fine wire-cloth q. The cylinder i
is also enclosed by a casing r which is provided with holes s for the entry of air that
can pass directly to the chimney t. The casing r is also provided with three larger
openings u, of which one is closed by a glass plate v, whilst the others are open.
With these openings in the casing there corresponds an opening w in the cylinder i,
so that by rotating the casing r, the interior of the cylinder i can be rendered
accessible or be shut off from the outer air without thereby interfering with the
observation of the heating flame. For the purpose of enabling the gaseous mixture
to be ignited below the incandescent body without having to remove the chimney,
the burner-gallery r is not connected to the outer casing r, but is mounted on a
sleeve, which is capable of movement on the tube p and is provided with openings y.
The support for carrying the body to be rendered incandescent is forked at its
lower end and fits in the pockets a¹ of the sleeve z. The lower end of the sleeve z
is provided with three pins c', which engage in corresponding grooves or slots d'
of the tube p, and hold up the sleeve, the burner-gallery, the incandescent body,
and the chimney in the raised position after the sleeve has been raised and partly
rotated.
For the purpose of enabling the wicks to be raised or lowered according to
requirements, narrow strips provided at their upper ends with hooks fare
arranged in the wick-tubes and are fixed to a ring 1, which is adapted to be moved
in the reservoir-ring a by means of a rack h' and small toothed wheels or pinions
which can be operated from a wheel at the exterior of the burner.
Instead of the mixing-device hereinbefore described, there may be employed one
of the devices illustrated in Figs. 8 to 10 inclusive. Of these, the arrangement
of the mixing-chamber in the construction shown in Fig. 8 is similar to that illustrated
in Figs. 1 and 3, but it differs from the latter in that the cap d, in consequence
of the provision of holes m, allows air to flow in to the combustion-gases of the
heating-flame, and thus a mixture containing a good deal of air is usel for gasifying
the combustile. In the mixing-device shown in Fig. 9, the mixing-chamber differs
from the two arrangements previously described in that it consists of three compart-
ments which are separated from one another by two perforated plates. Into the
middle one of these compartments there can enter, through the holes n' in the casing,
air that is drawn in with the gaseous mixture and mixes intimately therewith. In
the arrangement shown in Fig. 10, one mixing-chamber is entirely surrounded by
the other mixing-chamber, and the air enters through holes o' and p¹, which are
provided in the casings of the chambers.
It will be readily understood that in this case also the cap d may be constructed
similarly to that shown in Fig. 8.
When the lamp is to be used, the wicks are screwed down until they do not
project from the tubes b; the casing R is then rotated so as to bring one of the
open holes opposite to the hole w in the cylinder i; then the heating-lamp is
ignited; and then, by rotating the casing 7, the hole is closed so that the Hame can
be observed through the pane t, and can be regulated by means of the adjusting
dise . The burner becomes heated up by means of this heating-flame, which is
supplied with the requisite air through the burner-sieve h.
When the burner has been sufficiently heated in this manner, the burner-gallery,
with the chimney and the incandescent body, is raised and fixed in the raised
position. The wicks are then turned up until they strike against the plate n, whereupon
the generation of gas at once takes place. The gas mixes with the air that enters
through the holes m, so that the mixture can be ignited above the wire cloth 7. This
effected, the burner-gallery is lowered again, whereupon the flame burns perfectly
without any smell or formation of soot, because now as much more air is drawn in by
the action of the chimney through the holes s of the casing r, as is necessary to
produce complete combustion. By causing the air required for feeding the heating-
flame, and also the air serving to produce the combustible mixture, to flow directly
through and along the wick-tubes, over-heating of the burner and, consequently, all
risk of explosion are obviated.

page_text: It will be readily understood that a single burner tube might be employed in place
of the several wick-tubes; but in that case the cooling would be less and the risk of
explosion would be greater.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is :-
1. An incandescent lamp for burning liquid fuels rich in carbon comprising a
heating-burner c located inside the wick or wicks that serves to suck up the liquid
fuel, and a receptacle i, which comprises two or more intercommunicating chambers
and serves as a feed heater, gasifier, and mixing-chamber, the arrangement being such
that the liquid fuel sucked up by the wick is gasified by direct contact with the
product of combustion (mixed it may be with air) from the flame of the heating
burner and the gas thus generated is conveyed to the place of combustion by means
of previously heated air drawn in by the chimney, and with which it is intimately
mixed, and is then burned (with a further supply of air) without soot or smell, so as
to raise to incandescence the incandescent body arranged over the place where the
mixture of gas and air is burnt.
2. The improved lamp for burning liquid fuel rich in carbon, constructed and
arranged as herein before described with reference to and shown in Figs. 1 to 7
inclusive or modified according to Fig. 8 or to Fig. 9 or to Fig. 10 of the accom-
panying drawings
Dated this zoth day of May 1
For the Applicants,
W. LLOYD WISE,
46 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C., Chartered Patent Agent.