IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MOULDING AND CASTING HOLLOW PROJECTILES
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Edward Newton, of the Office for Patents,
66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MOULDING
AND CASTING HOLLOW PROJECTILES."-A communication from abroad by
Jean Simon Voruz, senior, of 45, Rue St. Sebastien, Paris, in the
Empire of France.
Sealed the 12th January 1864, and dated the 4th August 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Edward Newton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th August 1863.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, iu the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR
MOULDING AND CASTING HOLLOW PROJECTILES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to machinery or apparatus for casting cylindro-conical
projectiles having cast-iron sockets. In these machines the models of the
projectiles are so arranged that the sockets are obtained with a mathematical
precision, and the casting is effected with as great facility and readiness as
though the sockets were bored after casting, as has been the custom hitherto.
In the machine which forms the subject of the present Invention cylindro-
conical projectiles such as are now usually employed are intended to be produced.
The machine consists of pairs of frames each of which contains two patterns or

page_text: projectiles, and furnishes two castings, which are produced at one casting, as
will be hereafter explained.
The peculiar arrangements relative to projectiles cast with sockets consist,
1st, in the form of the bearings for the sockets, and 2nd, in the mechanical
movement which allows of the bearings for the sockets being made to project
from or enter the pattern according to the requirements of the casting.
1st form of projections for sockets.-The form of the projections upon the
pattern is a cone cut in two straight faces and joined to the main body of
the "print".by a segment of a circle. The cone facilitates the setting of the
cores, the two straight faces regulate in an invariable manner the position of
the cores, and the joining segment leaving its impression in the mould prevents
any tearing away of the sand when the model is withdrawn. The principal
body of the parts is a cylinder perfectly guided in the interior of the model or
pattern, and consequently any deviation is impossible, so that projectiles are
obtained having sockets with as great precision as is possible to be attained.
2ndly, a mechanical movement which allows of the prints for the sockets
being made simultaneously to project from or enter the model, according to
the requirements of the casting. This movement is effected by means of a
vertical shaft placed insido the model or pattern, which shaft is connected by
means of six small horizontal connecting rods to the six "prints" for forming
the recesses. The "prints" for the recesses project from the pattern, and
they may be moved in or out. In order to obtain these two positions it is only
necessary, by means of a small tool or handle, to impart a slight movement to
the right or left to the vertical shaft, and the print may be drawn in or moved
.out. The projectiles may be made of greater or less dimensions, and with a
greater or less number of recesses, but the form of the "prints" would be the
same, and the movement above described would also be the same with a
greater number of parts.
The moulding apparatus is formed with a plate carrying four pillars, on
which is the bed plate to receive the models or patterns. The plate and table
are perforated with corresponding holes, which serve as guides for the vertical
movement of the patterns. In the bed plate or table are also set four
gudgeons for a movable framing. By means of a 'lever the patterns of the
projectiles may be raised or lowered at pleasure; a screw serves to limit the
raising of the patterns, and a wedge worked by a lever maintains them at
the required height during the casting operation. The frame having been
placed upon the machine, the patterns of the projectiles raised, and the wedge
caused to assume the proper position, it will only be necessary to cause the
"prints" for forming the recesses to project from the model, and to ram sand

page_text: into the hollows of the mould frame, in order to form two moulds for casting
two projectiles at once. When the sand has been rammed in, the "prints
are withdrawn inside the pattern, the wedge is withdrawn, and the patterns
are brought down; the frame is then removed, and the operation of casting
properly so called is proceeded with and completed. An additional apparatus
is placed upon the table of each pattern and corresponds to the core box; it
is provided with a cross piece, which remains in the sand and which serves
afterwards to receive and regulate the principal core.
This apparatus is
formed of a bed plate pierced with holes intended for the reception of the
gudgeons of a frame, and carries two reliefs or patterns of parts of the pro-
jectile. These reliefs or patterns are brought into exact correspondence with
the first framing by means of four bolts; the second frame having been placed
upon the bed, plate it is only necessary to fill it with sand by the ordinary
means. The core for the interior of the projectiles is formed in an iron coro
box upon a spindle or lantern, carrying at one of its extremities a screw for
the suspension of the core. The cores for the sockets are of fine sand, and are
formed in suitable boxes. The placing of the cores in the mould is effected
with extreme exactitude. The lantern of the main core enters the empty
space in the mould and the hole in the cross piece. The exact position of the
core in a vertical direction is obtained by applying a gauge to the mould and
screwing up an adjusting screw more or less. The centering of the core in
the mould is effected by means of three adjusting screws, which allow of its
being adjusted and kept in any required position when the centering has been
effected.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Edward Newton in the Great Seal Patent Office ou
the 4th February 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send grecting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-seventh year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said William Edward Newton, Her special license that I, the said William
Edward Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others.

page_text: as I, the said William Edward Newton, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MOULDING AND CASTING HOLLOW
PROJECTILES," being a communication from Mr. Jean Simon Voruz, senior, of 45,
Rue St. Sebastien, Paris, in the Empire of France, upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said William Edward Newton, by an instrument in writing
under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Edward Newton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say) :-
This Invention relates to machinery or apparatus for casting cylindro-
conical projectiles having cast-iron sockets. In these machines the models
of the projectiles are so arranged that the sockets are obtained with a
mathematical precision, and the casting is effected with as great facility and
readiness as though the sockets were bored after casting, as has been the custom
hitherto.
In the machine which forms the subject of the present Invention, cylindro-
conical projectiles such as are now usually employed are intended to be pro-
duced. The machine consists of pairs of frames, each of which contains two
patterns or models of projectiles, and furnishes two castings which are produced
at one operation as will be hereafter explained.
In the accompanying Drawing, Fig. A are outside and end views of a
cylindro-conical projectile; Fig. B is a longitudinal section of the models
or patterns of the same; Figures C and D are transverse sections taken
through the directing sockets; Figures E and F are also transverse sections
taken through the guido sockets; Fig. G is an elevation, and Fig. G* is
a plan view of the frame for casting the cylindro-conical portion a (Figs. A);
Fig. H is a side elevation, and Fig. II is a plan view of the frame of the
rounded portion b, c (Fig. A.)
Fig. 1 shews in elevation the machine for moulding in the frame G; l'ig. 2
is a horizontal section of the same; Figures 3 and 4 shew in vertical and

page_text: horizontal section the machine J for moulding in the frame H; Fig. K is the
core box inside the projectile; Figs. L shew the box for the directing sockets d
(Fig. A); Figs. M shew the box for the guide sockets c, (Figs. A); Fig. N is
the support for the core of the box K; Fig. O is the pipe through which the
metal to be cast is run.
Arrangement of the pattern or model.-The Figures B, C, D, E, and F, of
the Drawing which represent different sections of the model or pattern of the
projectile, also represent various phases of the operation of casting. Figures
B, C, E, shew the position of the bearings of the sockets when the sand is
being rammed into the frame G, and the Figures D, F, shew the position of
the same parts when the sand has been rammed in and it is required to with-
draw the pattern or model from the sand.
The peculiar arrangements relative to projectiles cast with sockets, consist,
first, in the form of the bearings for the sockets, and second, in the mechanical
movement which allows of the bearings for the sockets being made to project
from or enter the pattern according to the requirements of the moulding
operation.
"
First, form of projections for sockets.-The form of the projections upon
the pattern is (see Figures L, M, representing the core boxes of the sockets)
a cone cut in two straight faces, and joined to the main body of the
'print" by a segment of a circle. The cone facilitates the setting of the
cores, the two straight faces regulate in an invariable manner the position
of the cores, and the joining segment leaving its impression in the mould
prevents any tearing away of the sand when the pattern or model is with-
drawn. The principal body of the parts is a cylinder perfectly guided in
the interior of the model or pattern, and consequently any deviation is im-
possible, so that projectiles are obtained having sockets with as great precision
as is possible to be attained.
Secondly, a mechanical movement, which allows of the prints for the sockets
being made simultaneously to project from or enter the model according to the
requirements of the moulding.
g
is con-
This movement (see Figures B, C, D, E, F) is effected by means of a
vertical shaft g placed inside the model or pattern, which shaft
nected by means of six small horizontal connecting rods h to the six " prints "
for forming the recesses. In Figures C, E, the "prints" for the recesses
project from the pattern, while in Figures D, F, they are shewn as drawn
back.
In order to obtain these two positions, it is only necessary, by means of a
small tool or handle fitting into the slot i (Fig. B), to impart a slight movement

page_text: to the right or left to the vertical shaft g, and the prints may be drawn in or
moved out.
The projectiles may be made of greater or less dimensions, and with a
greater or less number of recesses, but the form of the "prints" would
be the same, and the movement above described would also be the same with
a greater number of parts.
The moulding apparatus 1, Figures 1 and 2 is formed with a plate K
carrying four pillars, on which is the bed plate e to receive the models or
patterns m and m'. The bed plate and table are perforated with corresponding
holes which serve as guides for the vertical movement of the patterns. In the
bed plate or table are also set four gudgeons g', for the moveable framing G.
By means of the lever n' of the patterns of the projectiles may be raised or
lowered at pleasure. The screws o, o, Fig. B, serve to limit the raising of the
patterns, and the wedge p, Fig. 1, maintains them at the required height during
the moulding operation. This wedge is worked by the lever q. It will be
understood that the frame G having been once placed upon the machine I
and the patterns of the projectiles raised, and the wedge p caused to assume
the proper position, as shewn in the Drawing, it will only be necessary to
cause the "prints" for forming the recesses to project from the pattern and
then to ram sand into the hollows of the mould frame, in order to form two
moulds for casting two projectiles at once.
When the sand has been rammed in the prints are withdrawn inside
the pattern, the wedge p is drawn back, and the patterns are brought down.
The frame is then removed and the operation of casting properly so called is
proceeded with and completed.
An additional apparatus is placed upon the table of each pattern, and cor-
responds to the core box; it is provided with a cross pieces (Figs. N) which
remains in the sand, and which serves afterwards to receive and regulate the
principal core.
The apparatus shewn at Figures 3 and 4 is formed of a bed plate pierced
with holes intended for the reception of the gudgeons of the frame H and
carries two reliefs or patterns of the parts b, c, of the projectile at distances
corresponding to the machine or framing G. These reliefs or patterns are
brought into exact correspondence with the first framing G by means of four
bolts or pins t, t.
The second frame H having been placed upon the bed plate, it is only
necessary to fill it with sand in the ordinary manner. The core for the
interior of the projectile is formed in an iron core box shewn detached
in section at Figs. K upon a spindle or support Figs. N, carrying at one

page_text: of its extremities a screw for the suspension of the core. The cores for the
sockets are of fine sand and are formed in the boxes L, M; the placing of the
cores in the mould is effected with extreme exactitude. The support of the
main core enters the empty space in the mould and the hole in the cross
pieces, the exact position of the core in a vertical direction is obtained
by applying a gauge to the mould and screwing up an adjusting screw u,
Figs. N, more or less. With regard to the centering of the core in the
mould, this operation is easily and correctly effected by means of the three
adjusting screws v, which allow of its being adjusted and kept in any required
position when the centering has been effected.
There is no difficulty attending the placing of the cores of the sockets or
recesses, neither does that operation require any care, the form and precision
of the "prints" will sufficiently ensure their proper position, these cores being
held in position by a point fixed in their centre.
All these operations are so rapid and easy of execution that one
apparatus will supply two casters and one moulder will produce one
hundred and fifty projectiles in a day of twelve hours, casting and recasting
included.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Newton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, the Twenty-eighth day of January, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
Witness,
J. W. MOFFATT,
66, Chancery Lane.
W. E. NEWTON. (L.B.)