IMPROVEMENTS IN WHEELS AND AXLES FOR COMMON ROAD CARRIAGES
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to François Frédéric Dumarchey, Samuel Levy, and
Joseph Mayer, all of Paris (France), for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN WHEELS AND AXLES FOR COMMON ROAD CARRIAGES."
Sealed the 3rd July 1857, and dated the 6th January 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said François Frédéric Dumar-
chey, Samuel Levy, and Joseph Mayer at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 6th January 1857.
We, the undersigned FRANÇOIS FRÉDÉRIC DUMARCHEY, SAMUEL LEVY, and
JOSEPH MAYER, all of Paris (France), do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WHEELS AND AXLES FOR COMMON ROAD
CARRIAGES," to be as follows:-
These improvements consist in keying or otherwise coupling the two wheels
of each axle to the journals of this latter, and having the axle formed in two
or more parts, in such manner as to allow of each wheel having a distinct
motion, independant of the others; to each axle are solidly fixed two or more
collars, forming a projecting ring round the same, each collar turning in
corresponding bearings fixed to the carriage. Round the nave of each wheel
is fixed a collar, the outer rim of which is concave, and thus forms a groove,
in which is adapted and turns a ring, furnished with projecting arms, in a

page_text: manner similar to the spokes of a wheel; and over to the other extremity of
these projecting arms or radii is fixed a broad boop or tyre, of suficient width
to extend over the tyre of the wheel of the carriage, the inner surface of the
said hoop being provided with a projecting rim, against which glides the flange
with which the tyre of the wheel is provided, the said hoop serving conse-
quently as a circular revolving rail, kept constantly interposed between the
wheel of the carriage and the surface of the ground over which the carriage is
moved. Both extremities of the said hoop may be turned up at right angles
and made to enclose the wheel entirely, and thus preventing any dirt being
projected against this latter.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said François Frédéric Dumarchey, Samuel Levy, and Josephi
Mayer in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 6th July 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, FRANÇOIS
FREDERIC DUMARCHEY, SAMUEL LEVY, and JOSEPH MAYER, all of Paris, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixth day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twentieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her beirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said François Frédéric Dumarchey, Samuel Levy, and Joseph Mayer, Her
special licence that we, the said François Frédéric Dumarchey, Samuel Levy,
and Joseph Mayer, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as we, the said François Frédéric Dumarchey, Samuel Levy, and Joseph
Mayer, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WHEELS
AND AXLES FOR COMMON ROAD CARRIAGES," upon the condition (amongst others)
that we, the said François Frédéric Dumarchey, Samuel Levy, and Joseph
Mayer, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under
our, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was
to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent

page_text: Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said François Frédéric Dumarchey,
Samuel Levy, and Joseph Mayer, do hereby declare the nature of our said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be par-
ticularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
These improvements have for their object a certain mode of applying the
axles to carriages which are to run on common turnpike or other roads,
streets, or tramways, and also a particular mode of arranging the wheels.
Hitherto the wheels of cars or other carriages, with the exception of railway
carriages of every description, were made entirely independant from the
journal of the axletree to which the same were coupled; in railway vehicles,
the wheels, on the contrary, are fixed, or solidly keyed to the said journals. In
the first instance the axletree is fixed to the under side of the carriage frame,
and the wheels only turn on their journals, whereas in the second mode tho
axle rotates with the wheels, to the nave of which the same is secured. In
our arrangement, the wheels of ordinary carriages are also fixed to the axletree,
thus making the said axletree and the two wheels secured to this latter turn
simultaneously.
Another part of our Invention relates to a novel construction of the wheels,
by which these latter are allowed better to run over the road. In order to
make the Invention more easily understood, I will in this Specification refer
to the annexed Drawing, in the various Figures of which corresponding parts
are indicated by the same letters of reference.
Fig. 1 shows an external longitudinal view of an axletree arranged according
to our principle; Fig. 2 shows a longitudinal sectional view of another con-
struction; and Fig. 3 is a similar view of a third form of axletree, showing
one of the bearings in which the same has to turn; Fig 4 is a side view
of one of the said bearings, of which Fig. 5 is a transverse sectional view,
according to the line X, Z, of Fig. 4; Fig. 6 is a sectional view of the axle-
tree, according to the line U, V, of Fig. 2. As may be seen by the Drawing,
the axletree is formed of two parts A and B, the one A being provided with
a projecting part C, fitting into a corresponding cavity D, made in the end of
the other part B; the axletree may have a cylindrical, or any other suitable
form, and the wheels, whatever may be their form, are fixed or keyed in any
suitable manner on the said axletree, so as to form one body with the same,
each wheel being thus obliged to follow the revolving motion of that half of
the axletree to which the same is attached; the part C having been inserted

page_text: in the cavity D, the coupling of both axles is completed by pushing the boss E
over both parts, so as to keep the two half axletrees or axles connected
together; or this boss may be dispensed with, and instead of it a suitable
enlargement given to the parts C and H, in the manner as shown in Fig. 3.
It will be understood that in this arrangement the part C is allowed to turn
freely in the cavity D, and that consequently each of the two halves of the
axletree may rotate with a different velocity, and that, if required, one of them
may retate in one direction and the other in an opposite direction, thus
allowing the two wheels of one axletree to revolve with different speed and in
opposite directions, which will be found particularly useful when the carriage
to which this arrangement is applied has to turn round a corner, or otherwise
follow a curved direction. Each of the parts A and B is furnished with a
collar or ring F of a conical form, and which is solidly secured to the said
axles A and B, which rings are inserted and turn in suitable metal bearings or
boxes G, having in the interior a part G₁ of brass or other suitable metal,
against which the rings F exert their pressure and friction when revolving;
the said bearings G are fixed to the under side of the carriage frame in any
suitable position and by any suitable means.
Fig. 4 shows a vertical longitudinal sectional view of one of these bear-
ings G; whereas Fig. 5 is another vertical sectional view over the line X, Z,
of Fig. 4; and Fig. 6, a vertical transverse sectional view of Fig. 2 over the
Jine U, V.
The second part of the Invention, which relates to the construction of the
wheels, consists in having a light but very solid circular frame round the
-wheels, and forming a sort of moveable rail between the said wheels and the
earth over which these latter have to move. Round the nave of each wheel is
situated a collar, the outer rini of which is hollow, and thus forms a groove, in
which fits and turns a ring furnished with a suitable number of projecting armis,
in a manner similar to the spokes of a wheel, and over the end of these arms
or radii is fixed a broad hoop or tyre, of sufficient width to extend over the tyre
of the wheel of the carriage, and thus interpose itself between this tyre and the
earth over which the carriage has to run; the inner surface of the said hoop is
provided with a projecting rim, against which glides the flange with which the
tyre of the wheel is provided, the said hoop serving consequently as a circular
revolving rail, which is constantly kept interposed between the wheel of the
carriage and the surface of the earth, ground, or other floor over which the
carriage is moved.
Having thus described the nature of the Invention, and the manner of

page_text: carrying the same into effect, we would observe that we do not limit ourselves
to the precise details herein-before described, as they may be modified with]
out departing from the principle of the Invention; but we claim,-
1, the construction of the axletrees as has been described, and the mode
of applying the same to carriages other than railway carriages.
And, 21, the construction of wheels provided with a revolving hoop forming
a moveable rail kept constantly between the wheel and the surface of the
earth over which the carriage is to run.
In witness whereof, we, the said François Frédéric Dumarchey, Samuel
Levy, and Joseph Mayer, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this
Second day of July, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and fifty seven.
Witness,
W
S. LEVY.
A. G. BRADE.
J. MAYER.
(L.S.)
(L.S.)
F. F. DUMARCHEY. (L.S.)