IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to David Rorison, Manager, and Robert Gilchrist
Finlay, junior, Manufacturer, both of Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS
FOR WEAVING."
Sealed the 5th August 1870, and dated the 8th February 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said David Rorison and
Robert Gilchrist Finlay at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 8th February 1870.
WO, DAVID RORISON, Manager, and ROBERT GILCHRIST FINLAY,
junior, Manufacturer, both of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention comprises improved and simplified arrangements
whereby looms for weaving may be made to produce twilling either
alone or combined with plain weaving in a very convenient manner.
One modification is adapted for producing longitudinal twilled stripes.
separated by plain woven stripes, and in it two treadles or Invers acted

page_text: upon by two cams on the low shaft are sufficient for producing the entire
shedding action. These treadles are connected to and act in the ordinary
way on heddles or healds which produce the plain weaving, these heddles
being spaced, and not acting on those warp threads which are to be
twilled. Four spaced heddle leaves are provided for the warps to be
twilled, and each of them is depressed in its proper order for the twilling
action by means of a hooked piece connected to it and acted on by a
pin or catch on each of the treadles (or on levers worked by the treadles.)
The hooked pieces are placed in pairs, and the two pieces of each pair
face cach other and pass down through a slot in a guide picce. The two
guide pieces are shifted at every two shots, in consequence of which each
treadle acts alternately on the two hooked pieces of its pair, and as the
two treadles act respectively at alternate shots, it follows that the four
heddle leaves will be acted upon in regular rotation. The guide pieces
may be shifted by any convenient pattern or other mechanism timed to
suit the kind of twill required. Additional heddle leaves for producing
spottings" may be arranged to be acted on by the same treadles being
connected to hooked pieces which are shifted into the way of pins or
catches on the treadles at the proper times.. Additional pairs of heddle
leaves may also be worked in the same way by additional cams and
treadles, there being one of each to each pair of leaves...
GE
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The arrangements herein-before described may also be combined with.
mechanism for producing twilled stripes across the fabric, in which case
the warps for the plain portions will be shed by four heddle leaves having
hooked pieces connected to them to be acted on in pairs for the plain
weaving, but singly when twilling.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said David Rorison and Robert Gilchrist Finlay in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 6th August 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, DAVID 30
RORISON, Manager, and ROBERT GILCHRIST FINLAY, junior, Manu-
facturer, both of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, send
greeting.

page_text: Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-third year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give. and grant
unto us, the said David Rorison and Robert Gilchrist Finlay, junior,
Her special licence that we, the said David Rorison and Robert Gilchrist
Finlay, junior, our executors, administrators, and assigns,, or such others
as we, the said David Rorison and Robert Gilchrist Finlay, junior, our
executors, administrators, and, assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others; from time to time and at all times thereafter. during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use; exercise;.
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland;
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," upon the condition. (amongst others) that wo, tho
said David Rorison and Robert Gilchrist Finlay, junior, our executors or
administrators; by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
naturo. of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Scal Patent Office
within: six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent..
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said David Rorison and Robert Gilchrist
Finlay, junior, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement in writing,
reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, that is to say :-
Our said Invention comprises improved and simplified arrangements.
whereby looms for weaving. may be made to produce twilling either
alone or combined with plain weaving in a very convenient manner.
66
1.
One modification is adapted for producing longitudinal twilled stripes.
separated by plain woven stripes, and in it two treadles or levers acted.
upon by two cams on the low shaft are sufficient for producing, the
entire shedding action. Additional heddle leaves for producing
spottings" may be arranged to be acted on by the same treadles; or
additional-pairs of-héddle leaves may be worked in the same way by
additional cams and treadles, there being one of each to each pair of
leaves. The arrangements may also be combined with mechanism, for
producing-twilled-stripes-and-intervals of plain weaving across the

page_text: And in order that our said Invention and the manner of performing
the same may be properly understood, we have hereunto. appended a
Sheet of Drawings, to be hercin-after referred to, and representing as
much of a power loom as appears to be necessary for explaining the
application of our improvements.
"..
E
Figure 1 is a sectional back elevation; Figure 2 a vertical section at
right angles to Figure 1, and Figure 3 a sectional front clevation. The
low shaft 1 has fixed on it two cams 2, 3, which act on two treadles or
levers 4, 5, and through them effect the entire shedding action. The
treadles 4, 5, are centered on pins in a bracket 6 at the back of the 1
loom and are connected together by springs and a strap 7 passing over a
pulley 8 in such a way that the depression of one causes the elevation of
the other. When the loom is arranged for producing longitudinal twilled
stripes separated by plain woven stripes the treadles 4, 5, are connected...
to and act in the ordinary way on heddles or healds. which produce the 1
plain weaving, these heddles being spaced and not acting on those warp
threads which are to be twilled, whilst four additional spaced heddlo
leaves are provided for the warps that are to be twilled. In the modi-
fication in the Drawings, however, no heddle leaves are shown for
longitudinal plain woven stripes, but only four leaves 9, 10, 11, 12,, for 2
acting on the whole of the warps and for twilling or plain weaving..
Our improved mechanism for actuating such four leaves is the same
whether there are two additional spaced leaves or not, and is shown as
applied to heddles 9; 10, 11, 12, arranged according to a well known
plan so as to be actuated by depressing them, and to bo re-elevated by
springs. The heddles are connected to levers or jacks 13, 14, 15, 16,
centered at one side of the loom and having their free ends guided in slots -
in a fixed guide frame 17. Each heddle lever 13, 14, 15, 16, is depressed
in its proper order by means of a hooked picce 18 or 19 jointed to it and
acted on by a pin or catch 20, 21, on cach of the treadles 4, 5. The 3
hooked pieces which are shown in a separate sectional view in Figure 4
are placed in pairs 18, 18, and 19, 19, and the two pieces of each
pair have their hooks facing each other, their bottom ends passing'
down through a slot in a movable guide piece 22. These guido pieces.
are arranged to slide backwards and forwards in a fixed horizontal guide
frame 21, and (when twilling) they are shifted at every two shots, in
consequence of which cach treadle 4, 5, acts alternately on the two
hooked pieces of its pair; and as the two treadles 4, 5, act respectively
"
:

page_text: at alternate shots, it follows that the four heddle leaves will be acted
upon in the regular rotation required for the twilling action. The guide
picces 22 may be shifted by any convenient pattern or other mechanism
timed to suit the kind of twill required. In the example in the Drawings
they are shown as acted upon by cords 25 from a horizontal lover 20,
the outer end of which may be connected to pattern mechanism at the
side of the loom, A spring 27 draws forward the guide pieces when let
go by the lever 26.
The details which have yet to be described are those provided for
changing the shedding action at intervals so as to weave twilled stripes
across the fabric separated by plain woven portions. When the twilling
is being done it is regulated by a cam wheel 28, carried on a stud and
turned by a ratchet wheel 29, actuated by a pawl 30 on a lever 31, this
lever 31 being lifted by a cam adjustable upon the side of an arm 32,
fixed on the low shaft 1. The cam wheel 28 acts on a vertical lever 33,
so as to shift it at every two shots alternately backwards and forwards,
and to the lower part of the lever 33 there is jointed a small lever 31,
having cords 35 connecting its opposite ends with the guide pieces 22.
When the inner end of the lever 26 is moved backwards by the pattern
mechanism it causes a small finger or lever 36, which it carries to lift
the pawl 30 out of gear, so that the cam wheel 28 discontinues its
rotation. At the same time the cords 25 fixed to the end of the lever 26
shift the guide pieces 22 suitably for producing the plain weaving action.
With single booked pieces 18, 19, to each heddle lever 13, 14, 15, 16,
the change from twilling to plain weaving cannot be properly effected,
and therefore two of the levers have each an additional hooked piece 37
jointed to it. [Only four hooked pieces aro shown in the Drawings as in
each Figure two of them are hid by other two.] The additional hooked
picces 37 are moved into positions to be acted upon by the pins 20, 21,
of the treadles 4, 5, by slotted guide pieces 23, sliding in the guide
frame 21, and are pulled backwards by cords 25 from the lever 26, and
drawn forward by springs 27 when let go. With these arrangements the
plain weaving action will always commence properly in whatever position
the heddles and their hooked pieces 18, 19, may be as the twilling action
is being terminated, for whilst one of the hooked pieces 18 or 19 may
happen to be held by the pin 20 or 21 of the treadle 4 or 5 so that its
guido piece 22 cannot be shifted into the position which the next shed
(for plain weaving) requires, the corresponding additional hooked

page_text: When changing from twilling to
piece 37 will bo quite free to bo so shifted and the proper action cannot
fail to take place. The two middle guide pieces 22 are connected by the
cords 35 to opposite ends of the small lever 34 on the vertical lever 33,
in order that one of those guide pieces may move backwards and the
other forwards when weaving plain, whereas when twilling they are
moved both together by the lever 33.
plain weaving the take up of the cloth requires to be retarded for a
moment as the practical weaver will understand, and for this purposo
provision is made for causing one or more teeth of the take-up ratchet
wheel 38 to be missed at the proper times. The take-up pawl 39 (shown 1
as worked from the lathe sword 40) is lifted when required by a pin on
an arm 41, fast on a transverse horizontal rocking spindle 42. This
spindle 42 has also fast on it an àrm 43, on which there is adjusted a
jointed pieco 44 fitted with an antifriction roller to be acted on by the
upper end of a lever 45, and when this lever moves forward it presses up 1
the piece 44, and through the parts. described lifts the take-up catch 39.
When the lever 45 returns backwards the joint in the piece 44 allows
the lower part to turn out of the way, so that the arm 43 is not lifted.
The lever, 45 is moved by a cord 46 connecting its lower end to the
lever, 26 and returns by the action of a spring 47, the said lever 26 2
moving backwards when changing from twilling to plain weaving..
Having thus particularly described our said Invention, and the manner.
in which the samo is to be performed, we have to state that we do not
restrict ourselves to the precise details hercin described or delineated,
but that what we believe to be novel and original and claim as the 2
Invention secured to us by the herein-before in part recited Letters
Patent is, the arranging and combining together of the shedding details
of looms for weaving in the improved manner, substantially as hercin-
before described.
In witness whereof, we, the said David Rorison and Robert Gilchrist 3
Finlay, junior, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Fourth
day of August, in the year of our Lord One thousand cight
T
1 1
1
DAVID RORISON. (L.S.)
R. G. FINLAY, JR. (L.S.)