Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application (in United Kingdom), 11th May, 1899
Complete Specification Left, 30th Oct., 1899-Accepted, 2nd Dec., 1899
I, CHARLES AYERS ROBBINS, of 15, East 14th Street, City of New York (Borough
of Manhattan), in the County and State of New York, United States of America,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:―
My invention relates to that kind of packing cases in which the top, bottom,
sides, and ends each consists of a frame and a lining therefor, the frame being
ordinarily made of wood and the lining of pulp, and the main object of my inven-
tion is to secure a firmer connection between the frames and lining than is
obtainable in packing cases of this character heretofore constructed and also to
secure a tight joint between the several frames.
The top and bottom frames of the packing case are constructed alike, the two sides
are alike, and the two ends are alike, and each of the frames may be strengthened by
one or more cross bars. The end frames are constructed so as to fit between the side
frames, the height of the ends and sides being the same. The top and bottom frames
have linings made of two thicknesses of material, such as jute pulp by preference
on account of its lightness and strength, said linings extending to the outer
edges of the frames and forming plane surfaces. The side frames are also provided
with double linings which differ from those of the top and bottom frames in that
their top and bottom edges are folded over and under the top and bottom members
of the side frames. The linings of the end frames are also double and have
marginal portions which are folded over all four members of the said frames.
whereby four thicknesses of pulp are caused to intervene and are clamped between
the frames at each joint. The linings of the end frames are very strongly held
inasmuch as any inward pressure on the outer faces of the said linings is resisted
by the clamping action exerted at their bent or folded marginal portions the
rigidity and strength of the structure being further increased by the nails
passed through said marginal portions. It will be obvious that water, rain, or
dust will be prevented from entering the packing case at the bent or folded edges
of the linings, while the passage of rain or dust through the joints between the
frames is rendered impossible by the interposition of the four thicknesses of pulp.
The strong connection afforded by the bent edges of the linings enables the use
of comparatively thin pulp, thus obtaining a very light case without any sacrifice
of strength. The two thicknesses of which each lining is composed being merely.
placed close together without any connection except by the nailing at their edges,
an air space will be formed between them which will check the passage of moisture

page_text: from the outer to the inner layer until a sufficient amount has collected to fill
the air space.
Instead of a double lining three or four layers might be employed, or a single
lining only for each frame may be used and the packing case be still sufficiently
water-tight for many purposes and possess the same advantages of strength and
lightness. The linings. owing to their edges being exposed on the outer surface
of the case, should be strong enough to resist the shocks and strains to which the
packing case is subjected in ordinary handling, which is ensured by the particular
connection of the bent edges or flanges as hereinbefore described, so that the case
is capable of being used for carrying heavy as well as light goods.
In constructing the packing case the open frames are first made, a frame is then
laid upon a table, the lining is placed upon the frame and secured thereto as well
as to the cross bars, if any, by tacks. This completes the top and bottom frames.
For the side and end frames the lining projects beyond the bars of the frame
as described and after tacking the lining thereon the frames are turned upside
down so that the lining will be upon the table and then with a knife the projecting
portion of the lining is scored along the edges of the frame so as to facilitate the
folding of said projecting portions against the outside bars of the frame, after
which they are tacked thereto thereby forming panels ready to be set up in box
form at the factory or by the consumer.
.
1113
1000
I, CHARLES AYERS ROBBINS, of 15 East 14th Street, New York City (Borough
of Manhattan), County and State of New York, United States of America,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement: -
My invention relates to packing cases, and has for its object to provide a case
of this character which will be light, strong and impervious to water or dust.
The invention will be fully described hereinafter and the features of novelty
pointed out in the appended claims.
Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this
specification, in which similar characters of reference indicate corresponding parts
in all the views.
Figure 1 is an end elevation of the improved packing case with the cover lifted
off;
Figure 2 is a plan view of the packing case;
Figure 3 is a sectional plan view on the line 3-3 in Figure 1; and
Figure 4 is a partial sectional elevation on the line 4-4 of Figure 1.
My improvements relate to that kind of packing-case in which each of the
parts that is, the top, bottom, sides and ends--consists of a frame and a lining
therefor, the frame being ordinarily made of wood and the lining of pulp. On
account of its lightness and strength, I prefer to use jute-pulp. In cases of this
character as heretofore constructed the connection of the lining with the frames
has not been strong enough to meet all the requirements arising in practical use.
It has therefore been the main object of my invention to secure a firmer connection
between the frames and the lining, and, furthermore, it has been my aim to

page_text: As shown in the accompanying
drawings, the top and bottom are constructed alike; further, the two sides are
alike and the two ends are alike.
secure a tight joint between the several frames.
A and A¹ are the frames for the top and bottom, respectively, B and B those
for the sides and C and C₁ those for the ends.
the same.
I generally arrange one or more cross-bars such as D), in each of the frames,
so as to strengthen such frame. The end frames are constructed so as to fit
between the side frames (see Figure 1) the height of the ends and sides being
The top and the bottom frames A and A¹ have linings a, a¹, respec-
tively, made of a material such as jute-pulp, said linings being of the same size
as the frames-that is, the linings extend to the outer edges of the frames A and A¹
and form entirely plane surfaces. The side frames B and B¹ have linings b, b',
which differ from the lining of the top and bottom in that their top and bottom
edges are folded over and under the top and bottom members of the frames B and
B. The linings c, of the ends C and C¹ have marginal portions folded over all
four members or edges of the frames C and C. It will therefore be seen that
at each joint four thicknesses of pulp intervene between the frames and are
clamped between them.
The nailing of the frames is made as indicated in the drawings. It will be seen
that the linings c, c¹ of the ends are held very strongly, inasmuch as any inward pres-
sure on the outer faces of said linings is resisted by the clamping action exerted at
the bent or folded marginal portions of said linings, and, further, the nails pass
through said marginal portions and increase the rigidity and strength of the
structure. It will be obvious that any water, rain, or dust cannot pass into the
interior of the packing case for the reason that the bent or folded edges of the
linings form angles checking the passage of such foreign matter, and the passage
of rain
or dust through the joints between the frames is made practically
impossible by the interposition of four layers or thicknesses of pulp between the
frames at each joint. The very strong connection afforded by the bent edges of
the linings enables me to use comparatively thin pulp, and thus obtain a very light
packing case without sacrificing any strength.
In the drawings I have shown each of the open frames provided with a double
lining. By this construction I secure a packing case of exceedingly great water-
tight qualities, as the two layers of the lining being merely placed close together
without any connection except where they are nailed together at their edges, a
small air-space will be formed between the two layers, and this space will form
an effective check against the passage of moisture from the outer layer of the
lining to the inner layer thereof, for any water passing to the inner face of the
outer layer will not immediately come in contact with the outer face of the inner
layer, but will spread on the inner surface of the outer layer and will not reach
the inner layer until a sufficient amount of moisture has collected on the inner
face of the outer layer to fill or bridge the air-space. Of course instead of a
double lining I might employ one of three or four layers, but in most cases two
layers will suffice. It will also be understood that although I prefer to employ a
plurality of layers as a lining of each part of the case, so as to secure the above-
described advantage arising from the formation of an air-space between the layers,
yet in some cases I may use a single lining only for each frame. and a packing
case so constructed while not water-tight to the same degree as the one shown in
the drawings will still be water-tight enough for many purposes and will, besides,
possess the same advantages of strength and lightness as the construction shown.
It will be understood that the lining I employ has a large part of its surface
The lining
exposed, said exposed surface forming the outer surface of the case.
therefore must be strong enough to resist the shocks and strains to which the
case is subjected in the ordinary handling of it. This strength I secure by the
particular connection of the bent edges or flanges, as herein before described. I am
thus enabled to produce a packing case which is light in itself, yet capable of
being used not only for carrying light goods, but heavy goods as well.

page_text: The increase in water-tightness obtained by the use of the double lining with
the intervening small air-space is quite remarkable. In a comparative test I
poured a certain quantity of water on the outside of a packing case constructed
as shown in the drawings and the same quantity on a like place of one of the best
lined boxes in the market. The time required for the moisture to penetrate
through the lining was about one minute for the box used for comparison and
twenty-four minutes for the box having a double lining, according to my inven-
tion, although the said lining consisted of ordinary jute-pulp. It will therefore
be seen that a packing case constructed according to my invention possesses to
an eminent degree the three features of lightness, strength, and impermeability.
In constructing packing cases according to my invention I first make the open
frames A, A, B, B, C, C¹. Then, laying a frame down upon a table or other
suitable support, I place the lining on top of the frame and secure it by tacks to
the bars of the frame and also by one or more tacks to the cross-bars, such as D,
if such bars are used. This will complete the frames A', A for the top and bottom.
For the frames of the sides and ends the lining projects beyond the frame-bars,
as described. These frames, after tacking the lining thereon, as described, I
turn upside down, so that the lining will be upon the table, and then with a knife
or other sharp instrument, I score the projecting portion of the lining along the
edges of the frames, so as to facilitate the bending of said projecting portions.
These portions I then fold upward against the outside of the frame-bars and tack
them thereto, thereby forming panels, which are ready to be set together to form
a packing case either at the factory or by the consumer. The tacks herein before
referred to are designated upon the drawings by the letter t.
It will be understood that the layers of the linings are in close contact with each
other at the points where they are held to each other and to the frame-bars by
the tacks t, and at all other places the linings are but slightly separated from each
other, as two. sheets of pulp tacked together along certain lines and otherwise
unconnected will naturally be. For the sake of clearness, however, I have in the
drawings exaggerated the distance separating the layers of the lining; also, I have
shown the linings out of contact with each other even where they are held together
by the tacks.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
1. A packing case provided with externally exposed linings sundry of which
have their edges bent around members of open frames over which said linings
extend, so that the said bent edges are received and clamped between two open
frames, substantially as described.
2. In a packing case such as claimed under head 1, extending the exposed
linings of the top and bottom frames flush with the outer edges of said frames,
while the linings of the sides extend flush with the vertical members of the side
frames and are bent over and under the top and bottom members of the side
frames, and the linings of the ends being extended and bent over the top, bottom
and side members of the end frames, substantially as described.
3. In a packing case of the character described, making the linings of a plurality
of layers connected loosely so as to leave an air space between them, substantially
as described.
Doted th: 50th
1000
A. M. & WM. CLARK,
Chartered Patent Agents, 53. Chancery Lane, London.