Improvements in or connected with Apparatus for Exhausting and Removing Gases or Vapours, and Ventilating Rooms and other Enclosed Spaces.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 20th Aug., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 20th May, 1890-Accepted, 5th July, 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Apparatus for Exhausting and
Removing Gases or Vapours, and Ventilating Rooms and other
Enclosed Spaces.
I, DE FONBLANQUE PENNEFATHER, of 28, North John Street, Liverpool, in the
County of Lancaster, Cotton Broker, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to
be as follows:-
My invention relates to that type of apparatus which are employed for the exhaustion
and removal of gases or vapours from chimney shafts and vitiated or partly vitiated
atmosphere from rooms of dwelling houses, and other enclosed spaces, and for
replenishing with fresh atmosphere such rooms or enclosed spaces.
The type of apparatus to which my improvements mainly apply is that in which a
current of air issuing from a nozzle produces suction or induction of gases or vapours
or air in or to a chamber or pipe which communicates with the passage or space to be
acted upon or ventilated; and my improvements consist in particular constructions
and arrangements, hereafter described, of the said nozzle and chambers or pipes,
whereby the construction is much simplified and the cost of production reduced; and
further, when used as a ventilator, under my invention I provide means whereby the
said chamber or pipe can be used either as an upcast or a downcast.
Apparatus of the type above specified generally, comprise the following main
parts a pipe or duct leading from or to the space to be ventilated; a revolving or
inovable cowl or head, or wind guard, having an open mouth, fitted to the top of said
pipe; a vane, or projecting mouth-piece by which the position of the cowl or head is
automatically set by the wind; a nozzle or nozzles, being air collecting orifices,
provided in the cowl or head in such a manner that the action of a current of air
passing through said nozzle will extract the air from the pipe or duct and cause it to
be discharged through the mouth or open part of the cowl, or cause it to pass down
the pipe or duct-when used as a downcast.
According to my invention I form the air collecting orifices and nozzle of an oblong,
preferably vertical, acute angled triangle, or oval, shape, as increase of efficiency of
the nozzle can be obtained by increasing its depth. By this construction of nozzle I
am enabled to keep the cowl or head of nearly the same diameter as the pipe or duct
to which it is applied. The air collecting orifice or nozzle can be formed by turning
in the metal at the back of the cowl, which can be made with a flat top and provided
with a bottom to the turned-in part. The air discharge orifice or mouth of the cowl
may be formed the whole width or nearly the whole width of the cowl and of depth
to correspond with or in proportion to the depth of the nozzle, or the sides of the
mouthpiece may be brought out straight, in the form of a flag, thus giving a narrower
mouth. If desired, the side pieces may be slightly turned outwards in the form of
wings. An additional vane may be provided on the cowl if desired. The pivot on
which the cowl revolves may be at any convenient part of the cowl. The entire front
of the cowl may be open, or the metal may be continued all round at the bottom.
Underneath or in connection with the air inlet or nozzle, I may provide trays or water
ways to carry off rain or water that may drive through the nozzle.
To enable the apparatus as above described and when applied as a ventilating
apparatus, to be used as a downcast, I provide a cap, or valve, or shutter, by which
the inlet of the nozzle or the outlet of the cowl can be closed; the apparatus is then
fixed so that its mouth, or the mouth of the nozzle, faces the wind.
The apparatus when used as a downcast may have the nozzle arranged vertically in

page_text: the cowl, the top of the nozzle opening into an air inlet chamber on the top of the
cowl, said air inlet chamber having its mouth over the mouth of the cowl. The air
passing into said inlet chamber and down the nozzle, induces air to enter the cowl or
mouth of and down-the downcast.
Dated this 19th day of August 1889.
CHEESBROUGH & ROYSTON,
15, Water Street, Liverpool, Agents for the Applicants.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or connected with Apparatus for Exhausting and
Removing Gases or Vapours, and Ventilating Rooms and other
Enclosed Spaces.
I, DE FONBLANque PennefatheR, of 28, North John Street, Liverpool, in the
County of Lancaster, Cotton Broker, do hereby declare the nature of my said Inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My Invention relates to that type of apparatus which are employed for the exhaustion
and removal of gases or vapours from chimney shafts and vitiated or partly vitiated
atmosphere from rooms of dwelling houses, and other enclosed spaces, and for
replenishing with fresh atmosphere such rooms or enclosed spaces.
The type of apparatus to which my Improvements mainly apply is that in which a
current of air issuing from a nozzle produces suction or induction of gases or vapours
or air in or to a chamber or pipe which communicates with tho passage or space to be
acted upon or ventilated; and my improvements consist in particular constructions
and arrangements, hereafter described, of the said nozzle and chambers or pipes,
whereby the construction is much simplified and the cost of production reduced; and
further, when used as a ventilator, under my invention I provide means whereby the
said chamber or pipe can be used either as an upcast or a downcast.
Apparatus of the type above specified generally, comprise the following main
parts A pipe or duct leading from or to the space to be ventilated; a revolving or
movable cowl or head, or windguard, baving an open mouth, fitted to the top of said
pipe; a vane, or projecting mouth piece by which the position of the cowl or head is
automatically set by the wind; (or, the apparatus may be constructed to be set by
hand); a nozzle or nozzles, being air collecting orifices, provided in the cowl or head
in such a manner that the action of a current of air passing through said nozzle will
extract the air from the pipe or duct and cause it to be discharged through the mouth,
or open part of the cowl, or on the other hand cause it to pass down the pipe or duct
when used as a downcast. Or again the nozzle may be closed and the outlet part of
the head used as an air collector.
According to my Invention I form the air collecting orifices and nozzle of an oblong,
(preferably vertical), acute angled triangle, or oval shape, whereby increase of
efficiency of the nozzle can be obtained by increasing its length without increasing its
width. By this construction of nozzle I am enabled to keep the cowl or head of nearly
the same diameter as the pipe or duct to which it is applied and to avoid projections
which tend to throw the head off its balance. The air collecting orifice or nozzle can
be formed by turning in the metal at the back of the cowl, which can be made with
a flat top provided with a bottom to the turned in part. The air discharge orifice or
mouth of the cowl may be formed the whole width or nearly the whole width of the
cowl and of depth to correspond with, or in proportion to, the depth of the nozzle, or
the sides of the mouthpiece may be brought out straight, in the form of a flag, thus
giving a narrower mouth. If desired, the side pieces may be slightly turned outwards
in the form of wings. An additional vane may be provided on the cowl if desired.
The pivot on which the cowl revolves may be at any convenient part of the cowl. The

page_text: entire front of the cowl may be open, or the metal may be continued all round at the
bottom. Underneath or in connection with the air inlet or nozzle, I may provide
trays or water ways to carry off rain or water that may drive through the nozzle.
To enable the apparatus as above described and when applied as a ventilating
apparatus, to be used as a downcast, I provide a cap, or valve, or shutter, by which
the inlet of the nozzle or the outlet of the cowl can be closed; the apparatus can be
then arranged so that its mouth, or the mouth of the nozzle faces the wind.
°
A downeast apparatus according to this invention has a nozzle arranged vertically
in the cowl, the top of the nozzle opening into an air inlet chamber at the upper part
of the cowl or tube. The air passing into said inlet chamber and down the nozzle,
assists the current of air passing down the shaft thereof.
In the drawings hereto annexed and which serve to illustrate my invention,
I show several types of apparatus involving the improvements above generally
set out.
In the following description the same letters are used to denote the same or
equivalent or like parts wherever they occur.
In Figures 1, 2 and 3, I show in front and side elevation and plan, respectively,
a cowl or ventilating apparatus constructed in the manner first described in the above
general description of my invention, that is to say, it consists of a fixed shaft, a; a
movable or swivelling head, b; an air collector and nozzle, c; and a discharge outlet
or mouth, d; the collecting and discharging mouths being opposite each other. In
this example the head, b, is mounted on a central pivot of any known suitable kind,
at, e, and the mouth is kept up in the direction of the wind at all times by the
directing vane, f, fixed to the cowl, this effect however being aided by the extended
side plates, d', of the mouth, d, which project from the side of the head band
form two additional side nozzles through which wind passes and assists the
central jet.
It will be observed in this apparatus, as also in that illustrated in Figures 4, 5, 6,
and in 7 and 8, that the nozzle, c, is an oblong one and of rectangular form, but at
the same time, as previously stated, it may take the form of an acute angled triangle,
or be of oval or equivalent shape. This nozzle, also, it will be seen, is formed simply
of inwardly turned or attached plates, c'.
The action of the apparatus is, that, as the air collected by the nozzle c, due to the
wind pressure, passes from such nozzle as a jet to the outlet, d, it causes the removal
of air or gases within the head, b, and about it to be extracted or removed and a
rarefaction of fluid about it to be produced, thereby indirectly effecting the induction
of fluid up the shaft, a, the fluid so induced flowing to the space so rarefied. It will
therefore at once he seen that the apparatus by this action is suitable for application
generally as a chimney cowl, or as a ventilating apparatus for removing or extracting
gases or vapours from closed or partially enclosed spaces.
In this cowl, as also in those illustrated in the Figures aforesaid, a plate, h, is
provided below the discharge orifice of the nozzle, c, to serve to catch and carry off
any liquid which may fall therefrom.
In Figures 4, 5 and 6 1 show a modified form of the apparatus last described, the
modification in this apparatus consisting mainly of the manner of construction of the
mouth, b. In this case, this mouth and the inlet mouth and the discharge orifice of
the nozzle, c, overlap each other, as shewn, that is to say, the nozzle, c, enters the
inlet of the discharge mouth, b. The action of the jet of air being discharged from
the nozzle, c, through the enclosed mouth, b, is substantially similar to that described
in reference to the Figures 1, 2 and 3; i.e. the fluid extracted by the jet is replaced
or filled by fluid from the shaft, a, flowing through the space between the discharge
mouth and the nozzles c, and the entrance of the outlet mouth, d.
In Figures 7 and 8 I shew in sectional side elevation and front elevation, an
apparatus adapted primarily to act as an exhausting ventilator,-but at the same time

page_text: capable of being used as a downcast ventilator,—and constructed after the manner
of the above described apparatus.
In the Figures, a is the shaft of the apparatus, d, is its mouth; and c is the nozzle ;
this nozzle, it will be seen, is of vertical oblong form and is disposed opposite to the
mouth, d. When in action as an exhausting apparatus it is turned with the nozzle, c,
facing the direction of the wind, or when used on board ship as a ventilating cowl,
the mouth of the nozzle is placed in a "forward" direction as will be understood.
The action is identical to that of the apparatus previously described.
To render the apparatus a downcast I provide a valve h, an equivalent to the
plate, h, above described, adapted to close over the mouth of the nozzle, c; in such a
case of course the mouth d is placed in the direction of the wind or "forward" as
will be understood. The valve, h, is hinged at h¹, and provided with a locking
catch, ², adapted to engage with a spring clip, c¹. When the apparatus is used for
extracting, and the valve assumes the position shewn in Figure, 7, it serves to carry
off any liquid which may drip or fall from the nozzle c.
A downcast cowl or apparatus according to this invention having a vertically
disposed nozzle, is illustrated in Figures 9 and 10, in front view and side elevation,
respectively. The nozzle, c, it will be seen, is secured or fixed to a plate or
diaphragm disposed in or under the upper part of the mouth d of the cowl.
The action of this apparatus is, that the air passing into the mouth d at the upper
portion, flows into the chamber formed between the diaphragm 2 and the top of the
cowl, and from thence downwards through the nozzle c, discharging itself therefrom
into the shaft a. The quantity of air passing into the shaft a from the mouth d, will
by this adjunct be materially increased, that is the volume entering the downcast
shaft, a, is not only equal to that which, with ordinary cowls, would be collected from
the upper part of the mouth d (and which issues from the nozzle, c,) and that entering
the mouth d below the diaphragm c²; but there is in addition an extra volume caused
by the action of the jet issuing from the nozzle c into the shaft a; that is to say, the
action of this jet is that the pressure about the nozzle and within the head of the cowl
is reduced, owing to its action, and therefore greater freedom is secured for the
entrance and descent of air into and down the apparatus.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, declare that what I
claim is :-
:-
1. Apparatus for exhausting or removing gases or vapours, and ventilating rooms
and other enclosed spaces, having an air collector c, and a discharge mouth d, said
air collector being in the form of a vertical elongated nozzle; substantially as
described.
2. An apparatus of the kind hereinbefore referred to, comprising a head b mounted
on suitable bearings and adapted to move, and having an air collector c constructed
as described, and a discharge mouth d; substantially as set forth.
3. A downcast ventilating apparatus of the kind hereinbefore referred to, in which
a portion of the air collected thereby is utilized in the form of a jet to effect an
increase in volume of air collected, and discharged by the apparatus, substantially as
described.
4. A downcast ventilating apparatus of the kind hereinbefore referred to, comprising
a mouth d, nozzle c, and shaft a, operating substantially as set forth with reference to
Figures 9 and 10 of the drawings.
5. The apparatus or cowl constructed and adapted to operate as set forth with
reference to Figures 12 and 3 of the drawings.
6. The apparatus or cowl constructed and adapted to operate as set forth with
reference to Figures 4, 5 and 6 of the drawings.
7. A ships or like cowl or ventilating apparatus referred to with reference to

page_text: Figures 7 and 8, provided with a nozzle c and mouth d, and a valve h adapted to close
said nozzle c; as and for the purposes described.
8. A ships or like cowl or ventilating apparatus referred to with reference to
Figures 7 and 8, comprising a nozzle c and mouth d; substantially as described.
9. The cowl or apparatus constructed and adapted to operate as set forth with
reference to Figures 7 and 8 of the drawings.
Dated this 19th day of May 1800
CHEESBROUGH & ROYSTON,
15, Water Street, Liverpool, Applicant's Patent Agents.