IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FRINGES, AND IN MACHINERY EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Richard Archibald Brooman, of 166, Fleet Street,
in the City of London, Patent Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FRINGES, AND IN MACHINERY EMPLOYED
THEREIN." A communication from abroad by Barthelemy Donnet, of
Paris, France.
-
Sealed the 28th April 1863, and dated the 4th November 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Richard Archibald
Brooman at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 4th November 1862.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FRINGES, AND IN MACHINERY
EMPLOYED THEREIN," (communicated to me from abroad by Barthelemy Donnet,
of Paris, France,) to be as follows:-
"
This Invention consists in manufacturing fringes by machinery, and in
certain arrangements of machinery hereafter described, whereby hand labour
is dispensed with in the manufacture of fringes.
I employ a frame with shafts, cams, and toothed gear, for imparting the
necessary motions to the various parts of the machine. I employ a disc or
frame for carrying bobbins of silk, worsted, or other material of which the
fringe is to be formed, and impart rotary and stop motions thereto, for allowing

page_text: of the threads from the different bobbins being wound off at the proper moment.
The threads may be of different colors, and in addition to them I use a warp
thread. The machine being set in motion, the disc with its bobbins turns
upon its axis as well as a guide, through which the threads from the bobbins
pass to a hook, which seizing hold of the thread, recedes with it, and doubles
it in the length required for the bullion or twist, allowance being made for the
shortening consequent upon the twisting; at this part of the operation a
presser comes upon and tightens the work previously made. The doubling
hook delivers the thread doubled to a twisting hook, which partakes of rapid
rotary motion, which motion is interrupted twice by means of a tappet. The
first interruption is to allow of the rotary hook taking the thread from the
doubling hook, and the second to allow of the bullion or twisted fringe being
unhooked from it. This unhooking is effected by nippers, which transmit the
fringe between a drum and rails, an endless belt facilitating the advance of the
finished fringe. During these operations the bobbin disc has performed part
of a revolution, and has presented a bobbin with thread of a different color to
be acted upon by the doubling hook and other parts, as before described..
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Richard Archibald Brooman in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 4th May 1863.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, RICHARD
ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent
Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-sixth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Richard Archibald Brooman, Her special licence that I, the said Richard
Archibald Brooman, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of
Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FRINGES, AND
IN MACHINERY EMPLOYED THEREIN," (communicated to me from abroad by

page_text: Barthelemy Donnet, of Paris, France,) upon the condition (amongst others)
that I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, my executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to bo performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters,
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto
annexed, that is to say :-
This Invention consists in manufacturing fringes by machinery, and in
certain arrangements of machinery hereafter described, whereby hand labor
is dispensed with in the manufacture of fringes.
I employ a frame with shafts, cams, and toothed gear, for imparting the
necessary motions to the various parts of the machine. I employ a disc or
frame for carrying bobbins of silk, worsted, or other material of which the
fringe is to be formed, and impart rotary and stop motions thereto for allowing
of the threads from the different bobbins being wound off at the proper moment.
The threads may be of different colors, and in addition to them I use a warp
thread. The machine being set in motion, the disc with its bobbins turns
upon its axis as well as a guide, through which the threads from the bobbins
pass to a hook, which seizing hold of the thread, recedes with it, and doubles it
in the length required for the bullion or twist, allowance being made for the
shortening consequent upon the twisting; at this part of the operation a
presser comes upon and tightens the work previously made. The doubling
hook delivers the thread doubled to a twisting hook, which partakes of rapid
rotary motion, which motion is interrupted twice by means of a tappet. The
first interruption is to allow of the rotating hook taking the thread from the
doubling hook, and the second to allow of the bullion or twisted fringe being
unhooked from it. This unhooking is effected by nippers, which transmit the
fringe between a drum and rails, an endless belt facilitating the advance of the
finished fringe. During these operations the bobbin disc has performed part
of a revolution, and has presented a bobbin with thread of a different color to
be acted upon
the doubling hook and other parts, as before described.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings is a plan of a machine for the
manufacture of fringes according to this Invention; Figure 2 is a front view

page_text: of the disc or frame which carries the bobbins; Figures 3, 4, 5, and 6 are
detached views of several parts of the machine and hereafter referred to.
The machine is worked by means of a crank a, or otherwise. The shaft b
of the crank a carries a bevel pinion c, which transmits the motion to another
bevel pinion c¹ on a shaft d, which carries 'the different cams for actuating the
appliances for twisting and pressing, as hereafter described. The shaft b carries
near its other extremity a bevel pinion e, in gear with another bevel pinion e¹
on the shaft f, which carries the fly wheel g. The shaft carries cams h, h,
which actuate levers h¹, h¹, connected to a carriage i; it also carries a pinion j
in gear with a wheel k and a toothed wheel 1, which carries a band chain. B
is the disc or frame which carries the bobbins; it is situated at the back of the
frame A, and is capable of rotary motion round its axle m, which is carried by
supports n, fixed to the frame; o is a nave on the axle m. The disc is
hollowed out to receive the bobbins p, p, for carrying the thread. The bobbins
are free to revolve upon their axes, and their motion is regulated by breaks F.
The number of the bobbins may be varied according to the fringe to be pro-
duced. q, q, are pins fixed to the disc B, and imparting rotary motion thereto,
as hereafter described. The axle m is prolonged in front of the nave o to
receive a rod'r, carrying a guide D. The rod r is movable upon its point of
attachment, in order that it may oscillate freely according to the position of the
disc. E are guides through which the threads from the bobbins p pass to the
guide D. His a sliding bar carrying a spring tappet s, for moving the disc.
When the bar H moves from left to right, the tappet's meeting one of the
pins q is lowered until it has passed it; then being recalled by the spring, it
rises again, and as soon as the bar H moves in the opposite direction, that is
to say, from right to left, the tappet s abuts against the pin q, and by its
motion causes the disc B to make a portion of a revolution sufficient to replace
the bobbin corresponding to the pin acted upon, by the next bobbin. To regu-
late the movement of the disc B, I form a projection J on the front of the
bar H, upon which the pin q abuts, and thereby instantaneously stops the
rotation of the disc. To prevent a backward movement I place a catch F¹ at
the lower part of the disc B, which takes into notches t formed on its peri-
phery. Motion is communicated to the bar H by a cam I on the shaft K.
On the shaft K is also mounted the cam of the reed or comb G. As the
number of bobbins must be varied according to the kind of fringe to be
duced, the cam I'must also be changed in order that it may cause the batten
to strike at each change of color. The working of the wefts and warp is the
same as in machines of ordinary construction. The toothed wheel k moves
the cam H', which actuates the weft carrier. The carriage i driven by the
pro-

page_text: levers h, h¹, carries a hook L, a detached view of which is given at Figure 4;
it is pivoted at M, and the rod N enters its support, from which it is driven
by a coiled spring, as hereafter described.
The twisting mechanism is situated in front of the carriage i. Upon the
plate O is mounted a carriage P, moved by a cam o'; the carriage P carries
a small pulley u, mounted on the axis of the twisting hook Q, which is shewn
detached in longitudinal section in Figure 3. The carriage P also carries a
fork R for driving back the socket v of the twisting hook, which is immediately
recalled by the coiled spring x. Behind and upon the axis of the twisting
hook Qis a tappet S, which abuts sometimes against the rod T and sometimes
against a movable striker U. The striker U is actuated by the backward and
forward motion of the carriage P, which causes it to strike against a spring
rod z fixed to the plate O. An oscillating lever y, worked by a cam on the
shaft d, comes at the proper moment against the hook L, disengages the
thread therefrom, and delivers it to the twisting hook Q. A hollow drum V
receives the bullion or twisted fringe as it is made; the bullion is conducted
by nippers X worked by a cam, and an endless belt Y leads the finished fringe
to a roller beneath the frame. To preserve the twist of the fringe upon the
drum V, I pass it as it is made under a small roller Z. A presser V¹ worked
by a cam X', presses the woollen threads for forming the fringe between the
warp threads. To preserve the twist of certain fringes, the drum V may be
heated in the interior by steam, gas, or otherwise. When the presser V¹ has
pressed the woollen threads for forming the fringe between the warp threads, a
hook W (shewn detached in Figure 5) worked by a cam on the shaft d, descends
for the purpose hereafter explained. This hook is between the threads which
come from the bobbins p and the warp threads; it takes hold of the weft
already formed and retains it until a nipper 1 (see Figure 6) on an oscillating
lever 2, descends upon the bullion or twist in front of the head, and while
pressing upon the finished part prevents the twisting being extended beyond
the bullion or twist, and being communicated to the head of the fringe. The
nipper 1 and lever 2 are actuated by a cam on the shaft d.
The working is as follows:-The machine being set in motion, the disc B
with its bobbins p turns upon its axis as well as the guide D, which presents
each of the threads successively to the hook L, which seizes hold of the
thread, recedes with it to the left of the machine, and doubles it in the length
required for the bullion or twist, allowance being made for the shortening con-
sequent upon the twisting; at this part of the operation the presser V₁ comes
upon and tightens the work previously made, and the hook W descends in
front of the reed G. The hook L delivers the thread doubled to the twisting

page_text: hook Q, to which rapid rotary motion is imparted by the pulley u; during this
time the nipper 1 rests upon the head of the fringe. The rotary motion of the
hook Q is interrupted twice by means of the tappet S; the first interruption
is to allow of the hook Q taking the thread from the hook L, and the second
is to allow of the bullion or twisted fringe being unhooked from it. When
the hook L ought to deliver the thread to the hook Q, the oscillating lever y,
by pressing upon the rod of the hook L, depresses it. When the twisting is
completed, the carriage P returns to the front of the frame A and brings the
bullion or twist before the nippers ✗, at the same time that the fork R, by
causing the socket v to recede, allows the bullion or twist to be disengaged
from the twisting hook Q. The nippers ✗ transmit the fringe between the
drum V and a species of railway which retain it, but at the same time permit
of its slipping with the drum; the endless belt Y facilitates the advance of the
finished fringe. During these operations the disc B has performed part of
a revolution, and has presented a bobbin with thread of a different color
'to be acted upon by the doubling hook L and other parts, as before described.
Figure 7 is an illustration of a piece of finished fringe, manufactured
according to this Invention.
And having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim, the manufacture
of fringes by machinery, constructed, arranged, and operating substantially in
manner herein-before described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Richard Archibald Brooman, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Fourth day of May, One thousand
eight hundred and sixty-three.
R. A. BROOMAN. (L.S.)