IMPROVEMENTS IN ENGINES, BOILERS, AND PUMPS IN RAILWAY CARRIAGES, IN PROPELLING VESSELS, IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BOATS, IN EXTINGUISHING FIRE, AND IN BREWING
Year: 1848

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
LANE, of Liverpool, and JOHN TAYLOR, of Liverpool, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Twenty-ninth day of
November, One thousand eight hundred and forty-eight, in the twelfth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said John Lane and John Taylor, our exors, adiñors, and assigns, Her
especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that we, the said John
Lane and John Taylor, our exors, adiñors, and assigns, or such others as we,
the said John Lane and John Taylor, our exors, adiñors, or assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during
the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick-upon-
Tweed, in the Islands of Guernsey, Jersey, Alderney, Sark, and Man, and also
in all Her said Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, our Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ENGINES, BOILERS, AND PUMPS IN RAILWAY CARRIAGES, IN
PROPELLING VESSELS, IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BOATS, IN EXTINGUISHING FIRE, AND
IN BREWING;" in which said Letters Patent there is contained a proviso that
we, the said John Lane and Jobn Taylor, should cause a particular description

page_text: of the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, by an instrument in writing under our hands and seals, or under
the hand and seal of one of us, to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's High Court
of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference
being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, we, the said
John Lane and John Taylor, do hereby declare that the nature of our said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, are fully described
and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had
to the Drawings hereunto annexed (that is to say):—
Our Invention relates, first, to novel arrangements of that class of engines
commonly called rotary engines, which engines are also applicable as pumps
for the purpose of raising and forcing water and other fluids, and amongst other
uses are applicable to extinguishing fires.
Secondly, our Invention relates to novel arrangements of parts of railway
carriages, whereby the action of the breaks upon the wheels (when the breaks
of the different carriages are connected together so as to be simultaneously
acted upon) will be rendered uniform, although the relative position of the
different carriages of a train of carriages may be constantly varying.
Thirdly, our Invention relates to novel construction of a boat, whereby the
stowage of such boats may be the more readily effected.
Fourthly, our Invention relates to a novel arrangement of the rudders of
boats.
Fifthly, our Invention relates to improvements in brewing.
In order that our Invention may be fully understood and readily carried
into effect, we will proceed to describe the Drawings hereunto annexed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS A.
Figure 1 shews a sectional end view, Figure 2 a transverse section;
Figure 3 an external side view, and Figure 4 an end view of a rotary engine
constructed according to the first part of our Invention. In each of these
Figures the same letters indicate similar parts. a, a, is the framing of the
engine. is an inner cylinder, which is placed eccentrically within the outer
cylinder c, and is fixed to the shaft 6, which revolves in the fixed bearings be,
carried by the stationary parts 6, which have ears projecting on each side,
by which they are secured to the framing a. The cylinder c revolves excentri-
cally round the cylinder b, the sides or covers of the cylinder c having necks

page_text: c¹ formed thereon, by which it is supported in the bearings a' of the framing.
a, d, is what we call the piston; it revolves about the axis 6' of the cylinder b,
and at all times retains its position across the steam space formed between the
two cylinders b and c. It is packed at its sides and lower edge, and at its
upper edge is connected to the cross bar d', there being spring packing all
round where the piston d passes out from the cylinder c to prevent the escape
of steam. The piston d is connected to the axis b₁ so as to revolve correctly
around the cylinder by means of the arms e, e, which are carried loosely by the
axis b', and at their outer ends are connected by the rods f, f, to the bar d'.
The rods ff, move in chambers formed in the sides or covers of the cylinder c,
there being stuffing boxes formed at the outer ends of such chambers to prevent
the escape of steam, as shewn. g, h, are ports or passages in connection with
the chambers g', h', for the steam or other vapour, (or it might be water, but
in such case the passages should be enlarged,) either of which passages, by
means of suitable connections and valves, may be used as the inlet or outlet for
the steam.
Figures 5 and 6 shew a modification of the engine shewn in Figures 1, 2, 3,
and 4, the only difference being in the mode of arranging the piston d, which
in this case has arms d¹ (one on each side), each with a slotted opening d² to
embrace the axis b¹. The arms ( pass through stuffing boxes c³ formed in the
parts of the cylinder c. The sides of the piston d, and the arms d', move in
recesses formed in the ends or covers of the cylinder c.
Figures 7 and 8 shew another mode of arranging the piston d. In this case
it is formed with an arm d, which turns upon an axis d supported by the parts
of the cylinder c. The piston is kept in contact with the cylinder by means
of arms e, e, and rods ff, but the rods f. f, are in this case (like the piston d)
formed of an are struck from the centre d'. The rods f,f, pass through
stuffing boxes at the upper end, and are connected to the piston d by means of
the spindle d, as shown.
In each of the Figures 1 to 8 the cylinder c has formed upon it a wheel c³,
which may be used as a pulley, to receive a strap to give motion to machinery,
or the wheel c may have teeth formed upon its periphery for this purpose; and
when such machinery is to be used for pumping water or other fluids, or for
the purpose of extinguishing fire, motion would be given thereto by any suitable
power acting on the wheel c', the openings into and from the engine being
made suitable for the passage of water or other fluids, and a suitable air vessel
would be attached to the outlet passage when such were desired.
We will now describe the second part of our Invention, which relates to
apparatus in connection with breaks for railway carriages.

page_text: DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS B.
Figure 1 shows an under side view, Figure 2 a sectional side view, and
Figure 3 an end view of so much of a railway carriage and apparatus as will
-enable us to describe this part of our Invention. a, a, are the ordinary buffers,
the position of which does not interfere with the working of the apparatus in
connection with the breaks, according to this part of our Invention. b, b, are
the breaks for the wheels; they act on bosses c, c, as is clearly shewn in these
Drawings; but these breaks and bosses are not separately claimed as new.
d, d, are levers, which either keep the breaks b, b, from acting on the bosses, or
they cause the breaks tightly to embrace the bosses, so as to retard and stop
the carriages of a train. e is a bar at each end of the carriage, which is capable
of sliding in the bearings or brackets f. f, fixed to the bed or framing of the
carriage. e is a portion of the bar e, which moves on a pin joint e, so that
when two carriages are going to be coupled by ordinary screw couplings the
parts e¹ can be turned out of the way, and when the screwing up of the couplings
has been accomplished, the ends e¹ of the bars e of the two carriages are then
to be connected. This may be done in any convenient manner.
We prefer
that the ends of the parts e' should be turned upwards, so as to be connected
by the coupling e³, which consists of a box e³ so formed that when the ball e*
hangs downward, as shown, the two parts e, e, will be retained connected, but
on turning the box half round, the box will allow of the ends e¹ being
moved laterally. g are wire or other strong cords or straps, or chains may be
used, which are attached to the sliding bar h, which slides in brackets or
bearings e fixed to the bed or framing of the carriage. Each of these cords
9 passes over and partly round their pullies j, j, which respectively move on
axes carried by the framed levers k, the pullies being between the two
sides of the framed lever; and the framed lever moves on necks or axes at 1,
carried by suitable bearings, such bearings being fixed to the bed framing of
the carriage by the intervention of any suitable framing. The cord having
passed over the upper pulley, descends and passes under the lower pulley, thence
over the pulley m, and then is made fast to the bar h, the two ends of the
carriage being similarly fitted, and the cords at their ends are to be suitably
provided with means of suitably coupling or connecting them. The Drawings
show hooks to the ends of the cords, but other means may be resorted to. The
bar h carries a cord or chain or strap n, such cord passing between pulleys o, o,
the axes of which are carried in bearings fixed to the bed or framing of the
carriage; and as the levers d, d, are coupled together by the bar d', both levers
will move together. They are shown in the position they would assume on
the carriages being stopped; but, supposing the cord g at either end to be pulled,

page_text: the bar h would be slided, and the cord n raised, and with it the ends of the
levers d, which would cause the breaks to be opened out from the bosses, and
such would be the position of the parts as long as the ends of the levers d are
raised; but immediately the cord g is allowed to slacken, the weight p attached
to the levers d will descend, and cause the breaks to be applied, and this will
be the case in respect to each of the carriages of the train. The cords, chains,
or straps g may be acted on at either end of the train, but we recommend that
they should be acted on at the engine end of the train, that they should be
brought into action by the guard or other person at that end. The cords g, g,
will at all times be kept tight, and yet allow of movement of the buffers, and
consequently will assume different positions in respect thereto by reason of the
pulleys and the bars e; the bars c, in sliding to and fro, causing the framed
lever k, and consequently the pulleys j, j, to move so as to retain the cords g
tight.
We will now describe the third part of our Invention, which consists in
forming the ribs of boats of metal slightly elastic, so as not to be injured by
striking against another body.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING C.
Figures 1, 2, and 3 show a plan, a longitudinal section, and a cross section
of a boat, according to this part of the Invention. a, a, are the metal ribs,
which are connected at their lower ends to the keel plates b, and at their upper
ends to the parts c, c. e, e, are the seats, which are capable of being removed,
so that in stowing several such boats may be placed one within the other. The
framing is to be covered with strong india-rubber or other suitable waterproof
cloth. ff, are surfaces of cork or other buoyant material affixed to the ends
of the arms g, g, which are capable of sliding in recesses formed under the
The object of the surfaces f, f, is to add to the buoyancy of the boat;
and when the parts f, f, are drawn out from the side of the boat, as shewn by
Figures 1 and 3, they will serve to prevent the boat capsizing.
seats.
We will now describe the fourth part of our Invention, which consists in
suspending rudders of boats midway of their width.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS D.
The Drawing, Fig. 1, shews part of a vessel with a rudder hung according to
this part of our Invention. The rudder a, it will be seen, is suspended at the
points b, b, with part of its surface in front and part behind its point of suspen-
sion, by which arrangement the water will always act equally on the whole
width of the rudder, whereby considerably less strain upon the parts will be

page_text: produced, and greater facility will be obtained in steering a vessel with a rudder
so hung. When it is desired to have such rudders applied to vessels moved
by screw propellers, the rudder would be found as shewn by Figure 2 of these
Drawings.
We will now describe the fifth part of our Invention, which consists of
applying a refrigerating apparatus to a close copper used for boiling worts, in
such manner that the products passing off from the boiling worts shall be
returned into the copper; and this part of our Invention also consists of
employing a floating tray in the working tuns or vessels. when brewing.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING E.
Figure 1 shows an elevation of a brewing copper, having a worm tub applied
thereto. In fact, this apparatus is similar to a still and refrigerator, excepting
that the refrigerator returns the products passing over from the copper back
into the copper. The construction of the copper, and also of the refrigerator,
may be, varied so long as the return of the products to the copper be retained.
In using this arrangement of apparatus we prefer that the boiling of the worts
should be kept to about the temperature heretofore, but do not confine ourselves
thereto; and we would state that the temperature at which the boiling is con-
ducted may be regulated by the quantity of water supplied to the refrigerator
used. By this means nothing is lost by evaporation, and a better character of
beer or ale is obtained.
Figure 2 shows a section of a working tun or vessel, having a floating per-
forated tray, which constantly floats on the top of the wort which is being
worked, and the barın is received constantly into the floating tray, the fluid
portion flowing back through the perforations, and the atmosphere is kept off'
by the lids at the upper part of the tray.
Having thus described the nature of our Invention, and the manner of per-
forming the same, we would have it understood that we do not confine ourselves
to the details, so long as the peculiar character of any part of our Invention be
retained; but what we claim is,-
First, the mode of arranging the parts of rotatory engines and pumps as
herein described.
Secondly, we claim the mode of acting on the break levers by means of
cords, chains, or straps g, and parts connected therewith, as above described.
Thirdly, we claim the mode of constructing the parts of a boat as described.
Fourthly, we claim the mode of constructing and hanging rudders as
herein explained.
And, fifthly, we claim the arranging of brewers coppers in combination