matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED MODE OF JOINING BRIDGE RAILS' IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF RAILWAYS BY MEANS OF A FISH PIECE
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Barrington and William
Richard le Fanu at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 11th June 1855.
We, WILLIAM BARRINGTON, of South Villa, in the County of Limerick, Civil
Engineer, & WILLIAM RICHARD LE FANU, of Fitzwilliam Square, in the City
of Dublin, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF JOINING BRIDGE RAILS' IN THE PERMANENT WAY OF
RAILWAYS BY MEANS OF A FISH PIECE " to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in the adaptation and application to the junction of
two lengths of a "bridge rail" internally of a piece of solid iron, corresponding
in shape with the internal section of the rail, and of such sectional area as to
give it equal or about equal strength with the rail.
The piece of iron or "fish is placed in the hollow part or interior of the
rail, and one end or portion of it is rivetted or otherwise firmly secured to
one length of rail, and the other end or portion of it is firmly bolted or other-
wise fixed to the other length of rail, the bolts running horizontally through
the piece of iron or "fish"-and the rail on each side of it.
The ends of the lengths of rail are laid close together, except at about every
third or fourth joint, where provision is made in the "fish piece" for the
expansion or contraction of the rails (as the case may be), by having the holes

page_text: in the "fish" piece made oval, so as to allow a certain amount of play to the
bolts or rivets.
The rails may be laid on either transverse or longitudinal sleepers; if the
former, we prefer that the sleepers should be placed at about the length of the
"fish" piece apart, one at each side of the junction of the two ends of rail, and
the rails spiked to them, as in the case of the ordinary intermediate sleepers.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON BEDSTEADS
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Halleu Cottam and Henry Richard Cottam,
of St. Pancras Iron Works, Old St. Pancras Road, for the Invention of
"AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON BEDSTEADS."
led the 22nd June 1855, and dated the 6th January 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Hallen Cottam
and Henry Richard Cottam at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 6th January 1855.
We, GEORGE HALLEN COTTAM and HENRY RICHARD COTTAM, of St. Pancras
Iron Works, Old St. Pancras Road, do hereby declare the nature of the
Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON BEDSTEADS
be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object to improve the surfaces of iron bedsteads,
by substituting a deposition of brass on the parts of an iron bedstead for
the ordinary japanning or painting of the surfaces of such bedsteads heretofore
practised; and the improvement consists of employing in the manufacture of
bedsteads. iron coated with brass deposited from solutions by electric currents,
the deposition of the brass being in respect to some of the parts. before, and
in respect to other of the parts after, being made into form. The process of
depositing brass on iron is not new, and, separately, is not claimed.
FORCING PROJECTILES, APPLICABLE TO ARTILLERY AS WELL AS TO PORTABLE FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Adolphe Emile Lambert Charles
Timmerhans at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 2nd April 1855.
I, ADOLPHE EMILE LAMBERT CHARLES TIMMERHANS, of Liège, in the Kingdom
of Belgium, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "FORCING
PROJECTILES, APPLICABLE TO ARTILLERY AS WELL AS TO PORTABLE FIRE-ARMS," to be
as follows:
This Invention consists in a method of forcing the bottom of projectiles into
the grooves of rifled fire-arms.
Figure 1 represents one arrangement for this purpose. The fore part of the
projectile a is of a sugar-loaf form; the hinder part b, which is of less diameter
and slightly taper, fits into a corresponding cavity in a case or shoe c, but so as
to leave a space between it and the bottom of the cavity. The shoe is formed
of paper pulp strongly compressed, or felt or soft metal, as lead, &c., so as to
be moveable by force along the taper part of the projectile, and take any
required extension thereon, so that when it is driven by the explosion of the
charge it becomes compressed between the base of the head of the projectile,
and is forced into the grooves of the fire-arm.

page_text: Figure 2 represents a modification of the former arrangement; instead of
a shoe, a disc d is placed upon the taper part of the projectile, which in this
case should be more conical.
What is claimed is, the forcing of a shoe or disc into the rifle grooves of a
cannon or gun, by driving it along a conical part of the projectile with the
view of imparting a rotary movement to the projectile.
THE IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHIPS AND BOATS, SO AS TO INCREASE THEIR BUOYANCY AND DIMINISH THEIR ROLLING MOTION
Year: 1855

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry William Parnell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
March 1855.
I, HENRY WILLIAM PARNELL, of 13, Bryanston Square, London, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "THE IMPROVEMENT IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF SHIPS AND BOATS, SO AS TO INCREASE THEIR BUOYANCY AND
DIMINISH THEIR ROLLING MOTION," to be as follows:-
To build or attach to a ship's side at the water line a strong ledge, or wing,
or platform, of any breadth that shall be deemed adviseable, level with the
water, on which the ship will rest when properly trimmed. Thise ledge, or
wing, or platform will be carried completely round the ship, or partially, as the
circumstances may require. There are several modes by which this ledge, or
wing, or platform may be attached to a ship. The mode I would recommend
would be to build a ship with a row of beams on the water line of double the
width of the ship, which will allow the beams to project on either side to
the distance of half the ship's breadth from the ship's side. On these project-
ing beams I would construct a strong platform, coppered underneath, on which
when properly trimmed the vessel would rest, and so, instead of adding to her
burden, would greatly increase her buoyancy.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE STEERING OF STEAM AND OTHER VESSELS
Year: 1855

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ernest Parod at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd August 1855.
I, ERNEST PAROD, of 39, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, in the Empire of France,
& of 4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Gentleman, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE STEERING OF
STEAM AND OTHER VESSELS" to be as follows, that is to say :-
My Invention consists in the application of the screw to the direction of
steam & other vessels. The screw propeller is so placed on a shaft that it
can take an oblique or perpendicular position to the axis of the vessel, &
consequently pushes the stern of the vessel according to the said oblique or
perpendicular direction to the axis of the vessel, & by such means all the
power of the propeller is transferred to the point where its application is useful
for steering. By such a system the vessel can tack about within 2 or 3
seconds; & change suddenly its direction without having to describe long
curves, as it is the case for vessels having the screw in the same direction as
that of the keel. The shaft of the screw is displaced by the helm; any
mechanical means can be employed for putting in motion the moveable shaft
of the propeller.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES, AND IN PACKING FOR PUMPS, AND OTHER MACHINERY IN WHICH PACKING IS REQUIRED
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Gregory and Andrew Peddie
How at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 25th January 1855.
We, JOHN GREGORY and ANDREW PEDDIE HOw, both of Mark Lane, in
the City of London, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES, AND IN PACKING FOR
PUMPS, AND OTHER MACHINERY IN WHICH PACKING IS REQUIRED," to be as follows:-
We construct packing for the pistons, slide valves, stuffing boxes, and air
pumps, and other parts of steam engines, of tubes or hollow vessels of vul-
canized india-rubber, filled with air, or with gas, or water, or other fluid, and
having their rubbing surfaces faced or not with metal. The packing is fitted
into grooves or recesses in the piston, or other situation in which it is to be
employed, and its elasticity forces it, or a piece or pieces of metal placed in
front of it, against the surface of the cylinder or other opposing surface. A
suitable and equable degree of elasticity is thus obtained. This tubular or
hollow packing filled with fluid is also applicable to the pistons or buckets of
pumps, the stuffing boxes of screw propeller shafts, the equilibrium slide valves

page_text: of steam engines, and other cases in which packing is required. We also
place in the upper part of the hot well of a steam engine a hollow vessel or
bag of vulcanized india-rubber, filled with air or other elastic fluid, which serves
as a spring or cushion, to equalize the flow of the water and prevent con-
cussions. We also attach to the top and bottom of air pump pistons discs
of vulcanized india-rubber inflated, so as to act on the water as a buffing
apparatus.
Con- STRUCTING VEHICLES WITHOUT AXLETREES, AND THUS AFFORDING AN IMPROVED METHOD OF LOWERING THE BODY OF THE VEHICLE
Year: 1855

page_text: .by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Townsend at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th January"
1855.
1, WILLIAM TOWNSEND, of the City of Coventry, in the County. of Warwick,
Machinist, do bereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Con-
STRUCTING VEHICLES WITHOUT AXLETREES, AND THUS AFFORDING AN IMPROVED
METHOD OF LOWERING THE BODY OF THE VEHICLE," to be as follows:-
In the accompanying Drawing is shown a two-wheeled vehicle constructed
on the improved principle. The wheels (a, a,) are of any convenient dimensions,
revolving on the fixed arms or centres (6, 6); on each side of the wheels are
blocks (c, c, c, c), in which the ends of the fixed arms (b, b,) are firmly secured;
to the top of the blocks (c, c, c, c,) are firmly strapped the pieces (d, d, d, d), so
that there is one of these pieces (d) on each side of the wheels. These pieces
(d, d, d, d,) are made either flexible, like an ordinary carriage spring, or they
may be rigid and inflexible. When they are made flexible, the ends are
fastened to the springs (g, g), and these springs (g, g,) are secured to the
standards (f,f), or to the framework of the body of the vehicle. When these
pieces (d, d, d, d,) are made inflexible, they are firmly secured in the middle to
the tops of the blocks (c, c, c, c), and the ends bolted to the standards (f, f);
and these inflexible pieces (d, d, d, d), with the standards (f, f); when thus
bolted together, form a sort of framework.

page_text: To the bottom of the blocks (c, c, c, c,) are firmly secured the guide rails
(h, h, h, h), so that there is one on each side of the wheels. The ends of these
guide rails (h, h, h, h,) clip round the standards (f, f), as shown. The body of
the vehicle may be hung at any required distance from the ground. When
the parts (d, d, d, d,) are made flexible, a load placed in the vehicle will produce
a deflection of these parts (d, d, d, d), and a depression of the whole body of the
vehicle; the standards (f, f), being secured to the body of the vehicle, rise and
fall with it. The overloading of the parts (d, d, d, d), when formed of flexible
springs, is provided against by shoulders (i, i,) on the standards (f, f.) coming
in contact with the ends of the guide rails (h, h, h, h).
When the parts
(d, d, d, d,) are made inflexible, the body of the vehicle is not depressed when
loaded. The standards (f, f), being connected with the body of the vehicle,
immediately convey the effect of a load placed in the vehicle to the pieces
(d, d, d, d); from these pieces (d, d, d, d,) the load is conveyed to the wheels,
and by one of these pieces (d) being placed on each side of the wheels, and
the ends connected together at (9, 9, 9, 9), the load is equally distributed on
each side of the wheels.
What I claim as my Invention is, this principle of constructing vehicles
without axletrees, and the mode of lowering the body of the vehicle by this
principle of construction.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPLYING ROUGHINGS TO THE FEET OF HORSES
Year: 1855

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Clarke at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th November
1855.
I, CHARLES CLARKE, of Farm Lane, Walham Green, Fulham, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPLYING ROUGHINGS TO THE FEET OF HORSES" to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the construction of temporary shoes with
roughings to be worn by horses over the ordinary shoes, thus rendering it
unnecessary to take off the ordinary shoes and to put on roughed shoes in the
case of frost, as heretofore. For this purpose, the under surface of the shoe is
made of a metal plate, turned up at the edges at the sides of the foot, and to a
greater extent in the front of the shoe. On the upper surface of this plate is
fixed stout leather, or it might be other strong flexible elastic substance; on
this the ordinary shoe is to rest. Through openings in the plate, and in the
inner surface of leather or other substance, the spikes or roughings are fixed
by screws and nuts or otherwise. In order to fix such a shoe to the foot of a
-horse, there is formed an "upper," or rim of leather or other strong substance,
made to the form of the hoof at the front and sides, the upper edge of the
leather being notched out to admit of its being contracted when on the foot,

page_text: and a strap is fixed at the upper edge to fix the shoe around the foot just
above the hoof, and there is also a lower strap fixed to the back edges of the
"upper." There is also a back piece of leather or other substance which
rises from the hinder part of the shoe, and which when the shoe is on comes
to the hinder part of the foot, and the back edges of the "upper" or rim fold
over such hinder part, and is strapped thereto.
A PREPARATION OF A CERTAIN KIND OF FISH COMBINED WITH PEPPER, WINE, AND OTHER CONDIMENTS, WHICH PREPARATION MAY BE USED FOR SANDWICHES
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Byrne, of the City of Dublin, Fish Dealer,
for the Invention of "A PREPARATION OF A CERTAIN KIND OF FISH COMBINED
WITH PEPPER, WINE, AND OTHER CONDIMENTS, WHICH PREPARATION MAY BE
USED FOR SANDWICHES."
Sealed the 8th January 1856, and dated the 13th July 1855.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Charles Byrne at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and Declaration, on
the 13th July 1855, pursuant to the 9th Section of the Patent Law
Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
BYRNE, of the City of Dublin, Fish Dealer, send greeting.
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "A PREPARATION OF A
CERTAIN KIND OF FISH COMBINED WITH PEPPER, WINE, AND OTHER CONDIMENTS,
WHICH PREPARATION MAY BE USED FOR SANDWICHES," and have petitioned Her
Majesty to grant unto me, my executors, administrators, and assigns, Her
Royal Letters Patent for the same, and have made solemn declaration that I
verily believe myself to be the first and true Inventor thereof:
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Byrne, do hereby declare that
the following complete Specification, under my hand and seal, fully describes
and ascertains the nature of my said Invention, and the manner in which the
same is to be performed (that is to say):-

page_text: My Invention of "A Preparation of a certain Kind of Fish combined with
Pepper. Wine, and other Condiments, which Preparation may be used for
Sandwiches, consists in combining or mixing the following ingredients and
preparing them in the manner herein-after described :-
I take the whole of the fish contained in the shell of a lobster excepting
the legs, this I reduce or cut small by any suitable machine, such as a sausage
machine. The material thus reduced is then put into a vessel, heated with
spirits of wine, and as much butter added as will keep it from burning, also a
small quantity of salt and of Cayenne pepper, juice of lemon, and the essence
of tomata, or love apple. This mixture is allowed to simmer in the vessel for
about five minutes. When sufficiently heated by this means it is allowed to
cool, when a small quantity of Lucca oil and of sherry wine are added in order
to reduce the mixture to a consistency suitable for spreading. This preparation
is then fit to be placed between two pieces of buttered bread in the ordinary
manner of forming a sandwich. The preparation may be packed in cases or
bottles and preserved for use at any future time.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the mode of carrying
it into effect, I would have it understood that what I claim as of my Invention
is, the above-described combination of ingredients prepared in the manner
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Byrne, have hereunto subscribed
my name and affixed my seal, the Eleventh day of July, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five.
Signed, sealed, and delivered in the
presence of
JN° NETTLETON,
5, Malpas Street, Dublin.
CHARLES BYRNE. (L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN ORDNANCE AND FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1855

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Emanuel Wharton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st May 1855.
I, EMANUEL WHARTON, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ORDNANCE AND FIRE-ARMS" to be as follows:-
The first part of my improvements is for a novel method of constructing
ordnance; the object being to render them more durable or less liable to
wear than those of ordinary construction, and consist in forming the bore
of ordnance with steel, by lining them with a steel tube or cylinder in the
following manner:-This steel tubo or cylinder is supported internally, and
carried by a loan core concentricaly with the centre of the mould, which is
placed in a vertical position, and the fluid metal is run in at the lower end of
it, and flows up and around the steel tube or cylinder, perfectly securing and
uniting to it. Ordnance can also be lined by forcing in these steel tubes or
cylinders by hydraulic pressure or other means.
The second part of my improvements consists in straightening gun barrels,
by drawing a plug or parallel mandrill through them when in a heated state
by a draw-bench or other means, the barrels having been previously what is
termed rough-bored.
The third part of my improvements consists of a method for testing the

page_text: straightness of the bore of gun barrels and ordnance. In testing gun barrels,
the barrels revolve in a lathe, the bore of which is carried quite true at each
end. A perfectly true steel spindle, having a plug or elastic piston upon it
about the middle of its length, and formd with a very fine centre point, is
passed along the bore of the barrel, the centre point indicating the truth or
otherwise of the barrel as the spindle and piston moves along it. The steel
spindle is carried true by the hollow spindle of the lathe that it works through.
In testing ordnance, there are two plugs or pistons used in the testing
spindle, which is moved along the bore of the ordnance, the point of the
spindle indicating the truth otherwise of the bore as the ordnance revolves in
a similar manner, as before described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF CARRIAGES AND OTHER VEHICLES
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Goodyear at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th July
1855.
I, CHARLES GOODYEAR, of 25, Avenue Road, St. John's Wood, London, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF CARRIAGES AND OTHER VEHICLES" to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the manufacture of the bodies of carriages
or other vehicles of hard compounds of india-rubber.
It is now well known that compounds of india-rubber and sulphur, with or
without other materials, are capable of being changed into hard compounds
by heat; and it is also well known that such compounds may, before the
change has been effected, be combined with woven fabrics, with fleeces of
fibres, with wire cloth, and with metal to give strength thereto.
And my Invention consists of combining or cementing sheets and parts of
such india-rubber compounds into the form of the body of a carriage or other
vehicle desired before subjecting the same to heat; and then, having thus
built up or combined the parts, and whilst they are held to the form desired,
the body is subjected to heat to produce the change in the india-rubber
compound.
IMPROVEMENTS IN A CERTAIN ARTICLE OF WEARING APPAREL FOR THE ANKLES
Year: 1855

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Philip Haughton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
February 1855.
I, HENRY PHILIP HAUGHTON, of Bethnal Green, in the County of Middlesex,
Clerk, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN A CERTAIN ARTICLE OF WEARING APPAREL FOR THE ANKLES" to bo as follows:-
It has been usual to manufacture an article called muffitces to be worn on
the wrists. Now, I propose the manufacture of a somewhat similar article,
which may be modified as to material, form, and size, for wearing over the
ankles. They may be knit or wove, or made of cloth or of other suitable mate-
rials, being in all cases either wholly or partially elastic, so as to be easily drawn
over the feet. They may be in shape either like the upper part of a sock
without the foot, or formed like gaiters without the side buttoning, being all
in one piece. When made of cloth or other non-elastic material, a gore may
be let into one or both sides composed of an elastic fabric.
These leggings or ankle muffitees may be manufactured separately or in
connexion with other suitable parts of dress; and I do not restrict myself
to any particular size, formi, material, or design for such said manufacture.
AN IMPROVE- MENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN VESSELS OR CASES TO BE USED FOR THE PRESERVATION OP ARTICLES OF FOOD
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Henry Perry at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st July
1855. A communication.
I, GEORGE HENRY PERRY, of Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "AN IMPROVE-
MENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN VESSELS OR CASES TO BE USED FOR THE PRESERVATION
OP ARTICLES OF FOOD" to be as follows:-
The said Invention consists in constructing the said vessels or cases in the
following manner:-The said vessels or cases are constructed of a cylindrical
or other convenient form, the said vessels or cases being made of tin plate or
other suitable material. A. mouth or short neck is made on the top of the
vessel or case, the said neck or mouth having a screw on its exterior. Around
the bottom of the said neck or mouth a cup-like flange is situated, the said cup-
like flange being capable of holding any liquid or fused solid substance. The said
neck or mouth is closed by a cap, having a screw in its interior, which engages
in the before-mentioned screw on the exterior of the said neck or mouth. Two
pins or studs are situated on the top of the said cap, and at opposite points on
the said top. A key or spanner, having holes at such distances and of such
sizes that they fit on the pins or studs on the cap, is employed to screw down

page_text: the said cap tightly. A washer of india-rubber or other suitable substance may
be placed in the said cap, in order to make it fit more closely on the neck of
the vessel or case. After the fruit or other article of food has been placed in
the said vessel or case, and heated according to the method commonly practised
for the preservation of articles of food, the vessel or case is closed, by screwing
the cap down on the neck or mouth by means of the key or spanner. Bees'
wax or other convenient cement is placed in the cup-like flange and fused by
the application of heat, the said cement on cooling hermetically sealing the
said vessel or case.
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN MAKING AND ATTACHING THE HANDLES OF IRON BOWLS AND OTHER IRON VESSELS
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Vaughan, William James
Vaughan, and Richard Vaughan at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 1st August 1855.
We, CHARLES VAUGHAN, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manufacturer, WILLIAM JAMES VAUGHAN, of Birmingham aforesaid, Manu-
facturer, and RICHARD VAUGHAN, of Birmingham aforesaid, Manufacturer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT OR
IMPROVEMENTS IN MAKING AND ATTACHING THE HANDLES OF IRON BOWLS AND OTHER
IRON VESSELS" to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in making the tangs or handles of bowls and other
iron vessels in the following manner-We take a piece of iron of the Jength
of the tang to be made, and we place upon that end which is to be spread
into what is called the bit a short cross piece of iron. The said pieces of iron
having been raised to a welding heat are subjected to the action of a pair of
dies, by which they become welded together, and the cross piece spread out
into the proper form of the bit. The pressing dies are so formed that three
studs are made on one side of the bit, which said studs answer the purpose of
rivets in attaching the tang to a vessel, three holes being made in the vessel.
The three studs on the bit pass through the said holes, and, being rivetted, affix

page_text: the tang to the vessel. Our Invention is applicable to bowls, frying pans, the
ears of buckets, and generally wherever a handle or means of support
requires to be attached to iron vessels. We sometimes form the bit without
studs.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN BUSHING THE TOUCH-HOLES OF CANNON
Year: 1855

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Hughes at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th March
1855.
I, JOHN HUGHES, of Uskside Iron Works, Newport, Monmouth, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN BUSHING THE
TOUCH-HOLES OF CANNON " to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of forming the touch-holes of cannon with separate
and moveable bushes of steel or other suitable metal. For this purpose the
upper part of the touch-hole of a cannon is recessed, and formed in a suitable
manner for receiving a moveable bush, and it is preferred that the recess
should be cylindrical and cut with a female screw. Into this recess when
cylindrical and formed with a screw a cylinder of steel or other suitable metal
cut with a male screw is introduced, such cylinder having a proper touch-hole
formed through it; it is not, however, essential that the moveable bush should
be fixed by screwing, as other means of fixing may be resorted to. The upper
part of the cylindrical bush is formed with holes or otherwise, to receive a
key or spanner, and it is preferred that the bush should come level with and
not protrude beyond the upper surface of the cannon. By thus having
moveable bushes for cannon, it will be seen that in the event of their being
spiked, and also when they are worn, they may be quickly removed, and other
bushes screwed or fixed in their places.
IMPROVED METHOD OF CASTING COPPER CYLINDERS, COPPER VESSELS, AND OTHER COPPER FORMS
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Jenkins at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th March
1855.
"
I, WILLIAM JENKINS, of Neath Abbey, in the County of Glamorgan,
Moulder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
IMPROVED METHOD OF CASTING COPPER CYLINDERS, COPPER VESSELS, AND OTHER
COPPER FORMS," to be as follows:-
A mould of iron, sand, loam, or other suitable material made in threc
principal parts, namely, the bottom, the outside jacket or mould, and the core.
The core is supported at one end by a pin in its centre, falling into a hole in
the bottom, and at the other end by another pin, passing through a cross head
attached to the outer mould or jacket, so that the core is held in such a position,
in relation to the outer mould or jacket, as is desired. The space between the
core and the outer mould or jacket is to be made quite close at one end, and
at the other to be quite open, so that a continuous passage or "git" is pro-
vided for the flow of the melted metal into the mould. A sufficient supply of
the melted metal is to be kept up to keep this "git" or passage closed, so that
the space between the inner surface of the melted metal and the end of the
chamber intended to receive the melted metal, and to form the cylinder vessels
or other shape or form required, shall be excluded from communication with

page_text: the atmosphere at the opposite end to the inlet or "git" end. A commu-
nication is to be made with a partially exhausted chamber, or an exhaust pump
. or pumps, so that the air in the chamber between the surface of the melted
metal and the end of the mould may be kept in a partially exhausted state,
so as to facilitate the flow of the melted metal into it.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STENCH TRAPS
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Lewis, of Abergavenny, in the County of
Monmouth, Ironmonger, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN STENCH
TRAPS."
Sealed the 24th April 1855, and dated the 2nd March 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Lewis at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
March 1855.
I, JAMES LEWIS, of Abergavenny, in the County of Monmouth, Iron-
monger, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN STENCH TRAPS," to be as follows, that is to say:-
My improvements consist in making stench traps self-acting and self-
cleansing. These stench traps are composed of three separate parts or castings,
namely, the box grating, a movable pan, and a counterbalance weight. To
the bottom of the box grating I suspend upon pivots or otherwise a movable
pan, having a projecting lever, on the outer end of which I place a counter-
balance weight, so adjusted as to keep the pan when full of water in a
horizontal position, by which means the lower orifice of the box grating is

page_text: effectually trapped, and the escape of smells prevented. When a sudden
rush of water or other deposits enters the grating, the pan is tilted and its
contents emptied into the sewer. When emptied, the counterbalance weight
brings the pan back into its original horizontal position, and the orifice of the
box grating is again trapped, and the escape of smells from the sewer
prevented.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING AND LOWERING WEIGHTS
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Taylor at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st December
1855...
I, JAMES TAYLOR, of the firm of James Taylor and Company, of the
Britannia Works, Birkenhead, in the County of Chester, Engineers, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR RAISING AND LOWERING WEIGHTS" to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the combination of apparatus for raising and
lowering weights with a travelling or locomotive engine, in such a manner as
to admit of the several operations of raising and lowering weights, and of
turning the apparatus, or of moving it from place to place, as may be required,
being carried on from the engine or engines either separately or together.
The apparatus consists of a high-pressure steam engine or engines, with
steam boiler and water tank combined with a frame mounted on wheels. The
steam cylinders may be stationary or oscillating, as preferred. With this
locomotive engine or engines is combined a hoisting apparatus composed of a
chain barrel or chain barrels, and crane head, together with mechanism, by
means of which the working connection of such apparatus with the engine or
engines may be formed as required for carrying on the several operations above
referred to.
The mechanism for this purpose may be varied, but I propose to employ a
"link motion" similar to that described in a Patent granted to me, and bearing

page_text: date December 28th, 1853, for communicating the action of the engine to the
single or double purchase for raising and lowering weights; or I may substitute
for the "link motion," gearing with bevil wheels and friction cones. Also for
turning or moving the hoisting apparatus, I propose to employ a pair of friction
cones on an intermediate shaft, by pressing which cones in a downward
direction a train of gearing will be set in motion, which will work a toothed
pinion in a circular rack.or internal toothed wheel, on the periphery of which
is the path or race for the pulley at the bottom of the jib to run upon.
And for moving the apparatus I propose to employ the said friction cones,
by pressing which in an upward direction a train of gearing is set in motion,
which by means of a worm or bevil wheel communicates motion to a wheel
fixed on to the back of one or more of the wheels resting upon the rails.
For raising quickly, or "whipping "lighter weights, such as bags of grain or
coals, I use an enlarged barrel.
The apparatus may be used either with or without a jib, and may have
single or double barrels; but worked from the engine or engines!
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR FILTERING LIQUIDS
Year: 1855

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Broadbent, junior, at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
July 1855.
I, THOMAS BROADBENT, junior, of Crawford Street, in the County of Middle-
sex, Plumber, Painter, and Glazier, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR FILTERING LIQUIDS" to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a novel construction of filtering apparatus, appli-
cable chiefly to the filtering of water for domestic use. The cistern which
receives the supply of water I divide by a vertical partition into two compart-
ments, and in the lower part of this partition I form a water way, which I fill
In front of this water way,
with sponge or other suitable porous substance.
on the supply side of the cistern, I fit a filter box, which I fill with sand,
charcoal dust, or other porous or granular substance, and cover with a per-
forated lid, composed of two pierced metal plates, or of two pierced boards
fastened together with a layer of sponge between. Standing up from this lid
is an air tube, for conducting off any air that may enter the filter. On the
other side of the vertical partition, or the discharge side of the cistern, is a
second filter, which communicates with the first filter through the opening in
the partition.
The water, when it enters the supply side of the cistern, passes by gravity

page_text: through the perforated lid of the first filter, and percolates through the
filtering bed of sand or charcoal; it then passes through the sponge fitted
into the orifice in the partition, and enters the second division of the cistern,
forcing its way upwards through the sand or charcoal bed in the second filter,
and makes its exit therefrom in a limpid state.
By this means a constant supply of filtered water may be kept up so long
as there is water remaining in the cistern, the reduction of the water level on
the discharge side of the partition necessitating a continuation of the filtering
process.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BINDING ACCOUNT AND OTHER Books
Year: 1855

page_text: Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th November 1855.
I, LOUIS GASTE, of 58, Paradis Poissonnière, Paris, do hereby declare the
nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BINDING ACCOUNT AND OTHER
Books" to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object to give more solidity to the backs of books
by a peculiar mode of applying metal in the construction thereof, whereby the
books so bound will open more level and conveniently than heretofore.
For this purpose the book is made up as heretofore ready for binding, but in
place of forming the back and affixing it to the book and to the covers, as here-
tofore, the back is made partly of metal in the following manner :-The inner
plate of metal is bent to the desired form of the back of the book, and it has
slits or openings through it at intervals near to its two edges, through which
slits or openings the straps (by preference of woven fabric) pass, so that the two
ends of each strap come within the curved inner metal plate, and thus are they
brought to proper positions to be affixed to the covers of the book. The
outer plate of metal forming the back is wider than the inner one, and is bent
or turned up at the edges so as to enclose the inner plate. Between the inner
and outer plates woven fabric, leather, or other flexible material is placed, and
these parts are fixed or combined together by rivets passed through them.

page_text: The woven fabric or flexible material between the metal plates extends beyond
the edges of the metal back in such manner as to enter between the parts
composing the two covers, and the same are fixed to the covers by rivits, which
rivits also fix a thin strip or plate of steel or other elastic metal near the back
edge on the inner surfaces of each of the two covers, and the straps also are
fixed by glue or cement to the inner surfaces of the covers and to the book.
AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1855

page_text: by the 100.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Smith and Moses Morris
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 18th February 1855.
We, SAMUEL SMITH, of the City of Manchester, Spinner, and MOSES
MORRIS, of Swinton, near Manchester, aforesaid, Overlooker, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MACHINE FOR
SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS "to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists of an improved flyer, which, instead of being fixed to
the spindle, is supported by anti-friction rollers; this flyer is driven by a band,
to which motion is communicated in any convenient manner. The spindles or
tubes on which the cops are formed are turned round by the drag or force of
the yarn passing through the flyer, and the amount of drag can be increased
or diminished by giving more or less friction to the spindle.
The spindle
frame is moved up and down to build the cops by cams or shapers acting
on suitable levers, and by varying the motion at the commencement of a
set of cops by a pair of compound levers and a cam, the cops are so built
that the yarn can be unwound from them with much less waste than here-
toforc. The drawing rollers and other parts of our improved machine for
spinning are similar to those used in throstles.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BEDSTEADS
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Simmonds at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th September
1855.
I, GEORGE SIMMONDS, of Bennett Street, Stamford Street, Blackfriars Road,
in the County of Surrey, Plate Leveller, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BEDSTEADS" to be
as follows:-
The chief object of this Invention is so to construct bedsteads that the
joints of the frame will afford no harbour for dirt or vermin. I employ wood
pillars or posts to carry a metal frame; in these posts I form vertical slots at
right angles to each other to receive thin plates of iron, which lock into or are
otherwise fastened together. The ends of these plates project from the pillars
to form bearings for the bars which constitute the bedstead frame; these
bars I prefer to be of angle iron. To the ends of the bars at the under side
thereof I rivet a loop or hasp, to receive the ends of the plates which project
from the pillars, and when the several parts of the bedstead are fitted to the
posts or pillars, I bore lateral holes through the ends of the bars, and the
projecting ends of the bearing plates, and tap them to receive thumb screws,
which will hold the several parts firmly together. To form the head and foot
boards of a French or stump bedstead, I groove the pillars or posts vertically,

page_text: and drop therein a plate of metal, or otherwise attach the plate metal to the
head and foot of the bedstead.
The attachment of the metal laths to the bedstead frame I effect in the
following manner:-I bore holes through the end of the laths corresponding
to holes made in the bars of the frame, and into these holes, when the laths
are properly placed, I drop bolts which will fit tightly therein. In these bolts
I form lateral holes to receive a wire, which acts as a key, and prevents
them from getting out of place or being withdrawn until the removal of
the wire.
When applying a sacking to the iron frames of bedsteads, I rivet loops to
the inner edge of the angle iron to receive metal rods, which are threaded
through notched hems made in the edges of the sacking and through the
metal loops. This arrangement will permit of the sacking being readily
removed for the purpose of cleaning, and afterwards being quickly replaced.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SOAP
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Dumont Pallier and Edward
Taylor at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 19th April 1855.
We, DUMONT PALLIER, of Broad Street, Lambeth, in the County of Surrey,
Grease Manufacturer, and EDWARD TAYLOR, of the same Place, Manufacturing
Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SOAP" to be as follows:-
We begin our operation in the usual manner of soap making, using fats, oils,
and alkalis. We then add (the boiling being stopped) about two per cent. of
chlorure of lime in powder. As soon as this combination after boiling becomes
cool, we add thereto a composition made of farinacous vegetables, (such as
wheat, barley, or potatoes,) resin, and sulphate of soda mixed in water. These
matters or composition being placed in the boiler or cauldron at the proportion
of from 10 to 20 per cent. of the latter to the former, they are well mixed up
together, and submitted to the action of the fire until boiling or ebullition takes
place. The operation is then ended, and the mixture is allowed to flow into
the moulds, being previously (when desirable) perfumed, &c. The addition
of the above-named vegetable bodies to soap so made allows us to introduce
a further improvement, namely, chloride of zinc therein, which renders it dis-

page_text: infective; and to manufacture the soap for this purpose, we make a paste com-
posed of camphorated solution, made in about the proportion of six pounds of
camphor to twenty-five pints of spirit of wine, about thirty pounds of the
vegetable composition aforesaid, one pound of resin, thirty-six pounds of chloride
of zinc, and one pound of sulphate of soda, there or thereabouts, but we are
not yet prepared to fix the exact quantities or proportions. This paste or com-
position we propose to add to the ordinary compositions for making soap, first
stopping the boiling in the cauldron, and afterwards mixing and boiling up
altogether, as before stated.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DRESSING. YARN
Year: 1855

page_text: www
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Leonard Clayton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th December
1855.
I, LEONARD CLAYTON, of the firm of George Clayton and Brothers, of
Unsworth, in the County of Lancaster, Manufacturers, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR DRESSING.
YARN to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the application to the ordinary machines for
dressing yarn of a revolving guide roller, furnished with metal rulers, over
which the yarn passes before it is carried round the usual heated tin drum;
also in the application of a brush or other suitable instrument for cleaning the:
surfaces of the metal rulers. By means of these improvements, the yarn is.
kept free from the lumps of size which in the usual mode of construction.
accumulate on the guide roller, and then adhere to the yarn.
AN APPARATUS FOR CONSUMING SMOKE
Year: 1855

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Marion at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th August 1855.
I, LOUIS MARION, of 29, Rue du Grand Prieuré, in Paris, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "AN APPARATUS FOR CONSUMING SMOKE"
to be as follows:-
My Invention is applicable to steam boiler and other similar furnaces, and
consists in admitting air at the bridge of the furnace through a plate, on which
is formed nozzles, which distribute the air admitted in many directions, and I
heat the air thus admitted at the bridge by using a flame bed of iron, which
forms the top of the passage by which the air is led to the bridge; I also
admit a small quantity of air by apertures opening into the body of the furnace
before the bridge, and I adapt doors to the passages leading to these apertures,
so that the quantity of air admitted can be regulated at will.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON- STRUCTION AND COMBINATION OF PARTS OF PORTABLE STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1855

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Balk at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th July 1855.
I, WILLIAM BALK, of Ipswich, in the County of Suffolk, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON-
STRUCTION AND COMBINATION OF PARTS OF PORTABLE STEAM ENGINES" to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists of improvements in constructing and combining parts
of portable steam engines. For this purpose the boiler is made cylindrical,
having at one end a cylindrical fire box formed therein, from the hinder part
or end of which several tubular flues proceed to the smoke box, formed at the
back end of the boiler, and from the smoke box at the back end of the boiler
other tubular flues proceed to a second smoke box at the front end of the
boiler. Above these return tubular flues is formed a partition or division in
the back smoke box, with an opening and a valve or slide, by which when
lighting the fire the draft may be direct to the chimney or funnel on the
upper part of the smoke box at the back end of the boiler. This arrangeme.it
renders it unnecessary for the products of combustion to pass from the hinder
smoke box to the front smoke box by the return flues above mentioned till

page_text: the fire is well lighted and the steam up. From the front smoke box other
tubular flues proceed through the boiler to the hinder sınoke box, and they
enter above the partition or division in such hinder smoke box. The draft
when the steam is up is aided by a blast steam pipe in the chimney, as
heretofore. The steam engine, as heretofore, in some cases is fixed on the
upper part of the boiler by screws and nuts, but the steam cylinder is made in
one casting with the frame, by which it is fixed to the boiler, and by which the
plumber blocks for the bearings of the crank shaft and the steam ways are
formed in casting such parts. The piston rod is extended beyond the cross
head; it slides through and is guided in a bearing on the boiler. The
cross head has a branch or forked connecting rod, by which the cross head is
put in connection with the cranked axis.