Improvements in and relating to Steam Generators.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 15th Sept., 1891-Accepted, 17th Oct., 1891
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Steam Generators.
I, DARWIN ALMY, of the City of Providence, in the County of Providence,
State of Rhode Island, United States of America, Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of my invention and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :--
This invention has reference to improvements in the construction of the class of
steam-generators known as tubular, or pipe, boilers.
The invention consists in the peculiar and novel arrangement of the pipes, or
tubes, enclosing the fire-box, to form sections, as will be more particularly pointed
out hereinafter.
The invention also consists in the novel construction by which two sets, or
sections, of the steam-generator pipes are united at each end in one fitting and
connected with the water and steam manifolds.
The invention further consists in the novel construction of the steam separator
and its connection with the steam and water multiples.
The object of the invention is to simplify the construction of water-tube steam-
generators, increase the heating surface surrounding the fire-box, and facilitate the
insertion, removal and repairs of the sections of which the same are formed.
In the drawings similar numbers of reference designate corresponding parts
throughout.
Figure 1 is a cross-section of my improved steam-generator.
Figure 2 is a vertical cross-section of the same at line a-b.
Figure 3 is a horizontal view of the water-multiple showing four-branch
fittings.
Figure 4 is a view of a small portion of the water-multiple with a duplex fitting
secured thereto and short portions of the boiler-pipes extending therefrom.
Figure 5 is a top view of this duplex fitting.
The steam-generator is formed of a series of sections of which there are two
kinds, one for forming the two sides and crown of the fire-box and the other for
forming the rear of the fire-box. The side sections consist each of four pipes, the
two forming the sides of the fire-box are indicated by the number and the two
forming the outside row of the boiler, parallel with the inner pipes, are designated
by the number 9. The four pipes 8 and 9 are screwed into the lower four-branch
fitting 7,-they extend vertically to the elbows 10 from which the pipes 8 and 9
extend over the furnace space towards the middle of the boiler, the pipes 8
connecting with the elbows 12, the other end of which elbows are connected by the
short vertical pipes 8 with the elbows 13 from the other ends of which elbows the
pipes 8 extend horizontally, or nearly horizontally, to the elbows 14, from the other
end of which elbows 14 the pipes 8, forming the upper vertical part of each section,
connect with the upper four-branch fitting 7, thus forming a loop extending over
the fire of the furnace. The horizontal, preferably inclined, pipes 9 connect the
elbows 10 with the bent fittings 11 from the other ends of which they extend
horizontally, also preferably on an incline, to the outer elbows 14 and from them
the pipes 9 extend vertically to the upper four-branch fitting 7', the whole forming
a section consisting of four vertical pipes and four loops, extending over the furnace
nearly to the middle of the same, having at each end a four-branch fitting. These
sections, owing to the looped construction, have sufficient elasticity to permit of
connecting the lower four-branch fitting with the water multiple or manifold 5 by
means of the nipple 6, or by any other coupling device, and of connecting the upper
four-branch fitting by means of the nipple 6' with the steam multiple or manifold 5',
and, when subjected to the heat of the fire of the furnace, are free to expand

page_text: without any strain on the pipes, elbows, or fittings. The sections can be quickly
removed for repairs, if required, and as quickly inserted and secured; they secure
a free upward circulation of the water through all the pipes of each section and form
efficient steam-generating surfaces exposed to the heat of the fire.
The second set of sections, forming the rear of the furnace, consist also each of
four pipes connected with one of the four-branch fittings 7 at the lower end, these
pipes extend vertically to a point above the loops of the side sections where they
are connected with the elbows 15 and from these the pipes, which are designated
by the numbers 16 for the inner and 17 for the outer pipes, extend, horizontally
and at right angles to the loops of the side pipes, to the front of the boiler where
by means of the elbows 18 and short vertical pipes they are connected with the
upper branch-fitting 7', thus forming sections of four pipes, extending vertically
to form the rear of the furnace and then over the loops to the front, connected to
the water multiple or manifold at the lower end and to the steam-multiple at the
upper end. To permit of this elastic construction of the rear sections, the water
and steam multiples are reversed so that the open end of the water multiple 7 being
at the front of the steam-generator, the steam-multiple 7' has its open end in the
rear of the generator and is provided at the front end with the flanged outlet 19 to
which the steam-dome or steam-separator is secured.
The side sections instead of being formed of four pipes each, as above described,
may be formed of two pipes corresponding to those marked 8 and united at the ends
by a duplex fitting, as shown in Figures 4 and 5. The set of sections, forming the
rear of the furnace, may also be formed of one row of pipes 16 each pair of which
is united at either end by duplex fittings.
The separator 20 is secured to the flanged-outlet 19 of the steam-multiple and
consists of a cylindrical section in which the spiral partition 21 forms the spiral
passage 22, 23, the passage 23 is closed on top but is open at the bottom, and
the central part is closed about the middle by the horizontal partition 24. 25 is the
steam-outlet, 26 the water-drum, and 27 the connections between the water-drum
and the two ends of the water-multiple.
The casing, or housing, 28 is lined on the inside with fire-resisting material, the
flue connects with the chimney.
The circulation of water in this improved form of steam-generator is very rapid
in the pipes and, consequently, considerable water is carried over with the steam;
to separate the water from the steam is the office of the separator,-the steam and
water on entering the separator are deflected upward and sidewise by the partition 21
and forced to follow the passage 22 between the cylinder and the partition, as the
steam and water reaches the part 23 of the spiral passage the water runs down into
the water-drum 26, the bottom of that portion of the spiral-passage being open, the
steam passing through the upper part of the spiral passage enters the central space
above the horizontal partition 24, which partition is placed at a point above the
steam inlet to the separator.
By this construction the steam and the water contained in the steam is forced in
contact with the inner shell of the separator and the surfaces of the spiral parti-
tion 21, the water readily collects on these surfaces and descends along them into
the water-drum 26, while the steam, by its levity, rises upward and leaves the
generator freed from the water.
Any sudden draught of steam causes the violent ebullition of the water in a
generator by the reduction of the steam pressure; by the use of the partition 24
the direct connection through the central opening of the separator is closed and
the local effect of the reduction of pressure and consequent priming is thus
prevented.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is ;-
Claim 1. The herein described section forming part of a water tube steam-

page_text: generator, the same consisting each of four vertical pipes formed into four loops
extending horizontally from each side towards the centre over the furnace, the
vertical ends connected at the bottom and top with a four-branch fitting adapted to
be secured to the water and steam multiples and form the sides and crown of the
furnace, as described.
2. The herein described sections forming part of a water-tube steam-generator,
consisting each of eight vertical pipes and four horizontal pipes, forming with the
vertical pipes continuous water ways, connected at the ends with four-branch
fittings and adapted to be secured to the water and steam multiples and forming the
rear of the furnace, as described.
3. In a water-tube boiler, the combination with the side sections consisting each
of eight vertical pipes and four loops, forming the sides and the crown of the
furnace, having at each end a four-branch fitting, and the rear sections consisting
each of four horizontal pipes connected at the opposite ends by elbow-fittings and
vertical pipes with the four-branch fittings 7, of the steam multiples 5 and 5¹ and
the nipples 6 and 6', as and for the purpose described.
4. The combination in a pipe boiler with a series of side pipes formed into
inwardly-extending loops connected at their ends by vertical pipes to the fittings of
the steam and water multiples, of a series of pipes forming the rear of the boiler
and extending upward and forward and connected at their ends to the water and
steam multiples, as described.
5. The combination with a steam-generator, of a separator provided with inlet
and outlet openings and consisting of a cylindrical vessel divided by a spiral
partition into a continuous spiral passage closed at the upper end except the central
space which is closed above the inlet opening, as described.
6. The combination with a pipe-boiler, of the separator 20, the spiral partition 21,
the passage 22 and 23 closed at its upper end, the partition 24 closing the central
space above the steam-inlet, and the water-drum 26 constructed to separate the
water from the steam, as described.
Lotan Ch
Linted thin
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Signed in presence of :-
JOSEPH A. MILLER, JR.
HENRY J. MILLER.
DARWIN ALMY.
Haseltine, Lake & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, Agents for the Applicant.