matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN PLAITING AND STICKING MACHINES
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Dowling at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 25th March 1882.
JAMES DOWLING of 35 Jewin Street in the City of London Engineer and
Machinist "IMPROVEMENTS IN PLAITING AND STICKING MACHINES
כי
This Invention relates first to improvements in plaiting machines of the character
described in the provisional specification of Letters Patent granted to James Dowling
dated the 20th October 1881 No. 4587.
For this purpose according to the first part of these improvements in place of
using an eccentric to actuate the knives a cam may be used by which means both
knives may be actuated in such manner that one moves forward to form a plait
and remains in that position until the other knife has formed its plait and then
again remaining in its position until the first mentioned knife again makes a plait
and so on in succession.
The second part of my improvements relates to a modified arrangement of the
mechanism for actuating and regulating the feed motion so as to vary the number
of the plaits made in succession and the widths of such plaits by which box plaits
double box plaits or a series of plaits with plain spaces between can be made in
succession.
In this arrangement the driving shaft gives motion by toothed wheels and a cam
to a forked lever and slotted arm connected by a set screw to a slotted clutch lever
by which means its amount of feed motion can be considerably varied.
The third part of my improvements relates to another modification of the feed
motion which is more particularly applicable to plaiting machines which are suitable
for private or domestic use.
In this arrangement the driving shaft gives motion by an eccentric and connecting
rod to a lever arm on a rocking shaft the arm being connected to a slotted clutch
lever by a screw nut by which means the amount of feed motion of the clutch can
be considerably varied.
The fourth part of this invention relates to improvements in plaiting machines
having apparatus combined therewith for sticking two continuous lengths of plain
or plaited fabrics together by means of a moist or adhesive thread or threads.

page_text: For this purpose an additional or back roller is applied to and actuated by the
plaiting machine a collar or collars being formed thereon to press the fabrics and
the adhesive thread or threads together between the two rollers.
The fabrics to be stuck together pass over and between the back rollers and one
of the plaiting rollers a moist thread or threads being conducted between them by
a guide and the rollers being heated by gas the damp threads are caused to adhere
to the fabrics and thus secure them together.
The threads may be moistened with gum water or other adhesive fluid.
When frilled fabrics have to be stuck together in this manner in accordance with
this part of any invention the back roller is made conical from the pressing collar
or surface to prevent the frilled portions from being crushed in passing between
the rollers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR GLOVES, BOOTS, STAYS AND OTHER GARMENTS AND ARTICLES OF WEARING APPAREL AND FOR PURSES AND POCKET BOOKS
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Robert Baker at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th December 1882.
FRANCIS ROBERT BAKER of Birmingham in the County of Warwick Engineer
"IMPROVEMENTS IN FASTENINGS FOR GLOVES, BOOTS, STAYS AND OTHER GARMENTS
AND ARTICLES OF WEARING APPAREL AND FOR PURSES AND POCKET BOOKS
"
This Invention consists of a slide formed of a piece of metal or other suitable
substance upon which works a runner having a catch which takes into notches
slots grooves holes or catches which are in or upon the front back or side of the
said slide. On the top of the runner is a knob button or projection over which
the button hole works. This knob when pressed forward in the action of fastening
the glove depresses the catch and causes it to hold on to the slide. The runner
is closed loosely upon the slide in order to allow the catch free play for
releasing it.
Another Improvement in this invention applicable to gloves consists in forming
the slide and back plate of one piece folded over so as to clip the welt of the
glove and carrying the back plate beyond the end of the slide so as to obtain a
good purchase for the thumb while pressing the knob in the act of fastening the
glove.
AN IMPROVED ILLUMINATING COMPOSITION OR GREASE FOR MINER'S AND OTHER LAMPS
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Darling at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 18th October 1882.
JOHN DARLING, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, "AN
IMPROVED ILLUMINATING COMPOSITION OR GREASE FOR MINER'S AND OTHER
LAMPS,"
This Invention, which relates to an improved illuminating composition or grease
for miner's and other lamps has for its object the production of a composition or
grease which will give to the wick, within a lamp, a flame of such a nature as to
withstand the draughts to which a miner's, or other similar lamp, is subjected, and
at the same time give a good illuminating light.
The composition or grease consists essentially of a mixture of tallow, such as cow
tallow, and paraffin wax, and I have found that an equal proportion of the two
substances gives the most generally satisfactory results, but any other suitable
proportion of the two ingredients may be used according to the particular
purpose for which the light is to be employed or may be found most desirable.
IMPROVEMENTS
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Mary Richards at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 29th August 1882.
MARY RICHARDS of Brierley Hill in the County of Stafford
IN FILTERS"
"IMPROVEMENTS
My invention has for its object improvements in filters by which I am enabled
to open them out so as to examine the internal parts in a very short space of time,
and to seal the said parts up again just as quickly.
As filters are at present made the sponge plate which seals up the recess
containing the filtering substances is cemented around its edge to the neck or body
of the filter The consequence is that when a filter has been used for some time
and requires the filtering substance renewing the plate has to be taken out which
often results in the body of the filter being broken.
Now by one part of my invention this is completely obviated in the following
manner. I take a ring made of india rubber or other suitable flexible material of
a suitable width and of a larger diameter than the internal diameter of the
body of the filter and place it over the part where it is required to fit. I then take
the sponge plate which is of a less diameter than the ring and place it upon the ring
and by applying a downward pressure the ring is made to take on one side the
form of the internal part of the filter and on the other the form of the edge of the
sponge plate thus sealing the joint.
By another part of my invention I make a division in the chamber for holding
the filtering substances by placing a perforated plate over the said ground brick or
other filtering substances. The charcoal being placed above the said plate and so
entirely separated from the other part and therefore very easily changed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SOFTENING AND CLARIFYING WATER FOR INDUSTRIAL PURPOSES
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Lorentz Albert Groth at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd August 1882. A communication
to him from abroad by Franz Pichler, and Carl Sedláček, both of Vienna in
the Empire of Austria.
LORENTZ ALBERT GROTII, K.G.V. Civil Engineer and Managing Director of The
Universal Inventors and Patentecs Financial Company Limited 30 Finsbury
Pavement London E.C. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SOFTENING AND
CLARIFYING WATER FOR INDUSTRIAL PURPOSES "
A communication to me from
abroad by Franz Pichler and Carl Sedláček, both of Vienna in the Empire of
Austria
These improvements in apparatus for softening and clarifying water have for
object a novel production which for simplicity cheapness utility and economy of
space is calculated to supersede the apparatus heretofore in use for that purpose.
As regards the chemical process to be employed in this process or apparatus as
well as the choice of the reagent for the preparation of the water and the arrange-
ment of the vessel for the reagent they are already known and depend partly
upon the nature of the water and partly upon local conditions neither the one nor
the other forms the subject of this invention, but only the construction of the
apparatus
The essential feature of this invention is as follows:-A vessel of suitable form
is so divided by walls (or by cylinders placed one inside the other) into several
spaces of increasingly larger section that the movement of the water through them
is retarded and the deposit of the precipitate is caused
The apparatus is furnished with a supply pipe for the water to be purified and
also for the reacting liquid and may be made in different forms vis-
The walls may be constructed and placed in a vertical position so arranged as
to admit the water and reacting liquid at the bottom of each compartment and to
rise slowly to the top depositing precipitate and when full entering the succeeding
chamber or compartment, or:
The divisions may be arranged in the form of sloping shelves fixed alternately
at opposite sides of the vessel. The water being adiuitted at the bottom rises in
backward and forward manner till it reaches the overflow spout or pipe-or :-

page_text: The vessel may be composed of cylinders one inside the other fixed respectively
at the top and bottom of the outer cylinder. The water is conducted to the
central cylinder and rises and falls till it overflows at the top of the outer
cylinder.
Small cocks are fitted at the lower parts of the precipitating chambers for
drawing off the precipitate when required.
Retarding pieces or plates are placed in suitable positions to reduce the motion
of the water to a minimum.
The apparatus is fitted at its upper end with filter blocks in the usual way.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN PERFORATED TILES.
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Lorimer Fison at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th March 1882.
WILLIAM LORIMER FISON of Stowmarket in the County of Suffolk "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PERFORATED TILES.
"
D
For the purpose of draining cereals and other substances, tiles are employed
having perforations through them for passage of the liquid, these perforations
being formed through thin parts of the tiles which on their undersides are
strengthened by transverse and longitudinal ribs or by annular bosses. These ribs
or bosses practically form on the underside of each tile a number of cells which are
liable to become filled up with solid matter choking the passage through the
perforations, and owing to the interference of the ribs or bosses it is almost
impossible without great labour to clear out the cells. Now according to my
invention I form perforated tiles with their strengthening ribs all lying parallel to
one another in one direction and somewhat tapered in thickness so as to form on
the underside of the tile a series of straight grooves or channels which can be
readily cleared out by a brush or other suitable implement.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO MACHINERY FOR SEWING OR RIVETTING DRIVING BELTS OR STRAPS
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Taylor Wheelhouse at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th April 1882.
TAYLOR WHEELHOUSE of Baliffe Bridge near Brighouse in the County of York,
Tanner Currier and Leather Merchant IMPROVEMENTS IN OR APPLICABLE TO
MACHINERY FOR SEWING OR RIVETTING DRIVING BELTS OR STRAPS
In the manufacture of driving belts and other like articles composed of two or
more layers of leather; it is found that the strips of leather are not of equal width
and it is also found that the act of sewing or rivetting causes an irregular edge on
the belt such irregularity having to be straightened by Workinen The object of
this part of my Invention is to cut the belt parallel and straighten the edges thereof
whilst they are passing through the Machine to be sewn or rivetted together and
this I accomplish by the employment of one or more revolving discs or saws
which can be regulated or adjusted to suit the various widths of belting by the
use of slotted pedistals or brackets or the pedistals may be drawn nearer to or
further from each other by means of screws Instead of employing revolving discs
reciprocating knives or saws may be used-My Invention also relates to the use
of apparatus for taking the sharp corners off the driving belts and other like
articles after passing the delivery rollers of the Machines and this is accomplished
by the employment of fixed knives against which the belt bears in passing out of
the Machine by which means the corners are taken off These improvements can
be advantageously applied to a Whites Machine "
15
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ELECTRODES FOR SECONDARY BATTERIES
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Woodward at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 14th November 1882.
HENRY WOODWARD, of Shepherd's Bush, in the County of Middlesex, IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ELECTRODES FOR SECONDARY BATTERIES,
My invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of electrodes for
secondary batteries, and in carrying out my Invention, I first prepare a dough-like
composition, or compound, consisting of red lead, or other oxide of lead, or other
suitable substance, together with water, or a saccharine solution, the latter serving
as a vehicle to bind the composition together, and render it fit for use, as herein-
after described.
The composition, or compound, thus constituted, is then moulded, and is cut up
into pieces or lumps of any size and shape. A number of these pieces or lumps is
then spread out, or placed in a mould of any suitable shape or form, and a layer or
coating of molten lead is distributed, scattered or splashed over the same. This
layer or coating of lead thus presents an undulated surface, and into the depressions
or cavities formed by the said undulations, I spread or place a second charge of the
pieces or lumps of the compound, and again scatter or splash the molten lead
thereon. By continuing in this manner, electrodes can be formed or built up to
any size and shape, and when so built up are removed from their moulds and are
then quite ready for use, thus obviating the inconveniences now experienced in the
manufacture and preparation of electrodes for secondary batteries.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VOLTAIC BATTERIES
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Leo Hartmann at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 9th December 1882.
LEO HARTMANN of N° 55 Middleton Square in the County of Middlesex.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN VOLTAIC BATTERIES,"
According to my present invention I construct voltaic batteries as follows;-I
employ as the exciting liquid caustic potash or caustic soda in solution, and for the
positive electrode I use zinc, while for the negative electrode I employ either iron,
copper, nickel, cobalt, silver or gold. By preference I employ silver or iron in the
form of network alone or in combination with fragments, or of fragments alone,
although network is preferable, or I use any body organic or inorganic also in the
form of network coated with silver by the electrolytical process. I construct the
outer cell of a flat shape, like a shallow pan or a plate. Upon the bottom of this I
place the zinc, by preference in the form of strips, either coiled spirally or otherwise
arranged so as to offer considerable surface. Upon the zinc I place a porous
diaphragm of earthenware, textile fabric or other suitable material so arranged as
to entirely separate the lower part containing the zinc from the upper part
containing the negative plate, and upon this diaphragm is placed the negative
electrode, formed by preference of a network of silver or iron, or any other form
may be used presenting considerable surface, and which is immersed in or merely
damped by contact with the exciting liquid in which the zinc is immersed.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN REVOLVING PAPER CUTTING MACHINES
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Jensen at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 25th August 1882. A communication to
him from abroad by Eugen Dietz Proprietor of the firm Eugen Dietz late
Louis Peltner of Berlin Germany
"
PETER JENSEN of 33 Chancery Lane in the County of Middlesex " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN REVOLVING PAPER CUTTING MACHINES (a communication to me from
abroad by Eugen Dietz Proprietor of the firm Eugen Dietz late Louis Peltner of
Berlin Germany)
In paper cutting machines for cutting paper up into narrow strips the least
width of the latter depends upon how close the revolving cutters can be brought
together on their spindle. The object of the helical springs heretofore employed
in the hollow naves of the cutters was to ensure elastic contact between the cutting
edges, and in such machines the least width of the strips to be cut is
disadvantageously large because it depends upon the depth of the cutter nave.
The object of this invention is mainly to avoid the use of deep naves while at
the same time to retain the elastic contact between the cutting edges.
The cutter naves are according to this invention made comparatively shallow
and can slide on the spindle being fixed in position thereon by means of set screws.
The dish shaped cutter is attached to the nave by means of screws but so that the
back of the cutter does not directly touch the face of the nave but is held against
the heads of the said screws by means of helical springs and can thus give or yield
in the direction of the nave, the springs yielding to the pressure.
By means of these springs a cutter which may not run quite truly and whose
cutting edge hence would "wobble" will be held in elastic contact with its
neighbour cutter. This property is also inherent in the arrangement heretofore
used, with a central helical spring, but in that arrangement the naves become very
deep and hence a comparatively smaller number of cutters only can be employed
on a certain length of spindle than where the naves could be made shallower.
The same advantage is secured by a modified arrangement. In this case there
are no special springs but the cutters are formed as springs with turned over
cutting edges. The corrugated cutter disc is by means of screws fixed directly to
the nave and the action is the same the cutter being always in a slightly slanting
position, that is a little closer to the nave at the upper or free edge than at the
lower edge where it is pressed against the cutting edge of the other cutter; it thus
receives a so to say tumbling or wobbling movement.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLERS AND FITTINGS FOR BLINDS AND IN THE METHOD OF ATTACHMENT OF SUCH BLINDS
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Westley at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 19th January 1882.
JAMES WESTLEY of Chorley in the County of Lancaster, Brassfounder.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLERS AND FITTINGS FOR BLINDS AND IN THE METHOD
OF ATTACHMENT OF SUCH BLINDS."
My Invention relates to roller blinds and to fittings therefor and has for its objects
to improve the connection of the blind with the roller and to facilitate the raising
and lowering of the blind. In the first place I form a groove in the roller and I
provide a strip to fit in this groove. The end of the blind which is to be attached
to the roller is laid over this groove and the strip is forced into the groove thereby
clamping the end of the blind within the groove and securing the blind to the roller.
I prefer that the said strip shall fill the groove and complete the contour of the
roller. The forms of the strip and groove may be varied but I consider a rectangular
or square-bottomed groove to be the most suitable. I may or may not secure the
strip in place by means of rings or of a ring or by means of the roller ends. In the
second place I mount a lever upon a fulcrum in or upon one of the brackets which
carry the roller and I form or provide the said lever with a detent which engages
with ratchet teeth upon a pulley which is secured to the roller end. A cord is
secured by one end to the said pulley and passes through an eye in the end of the
said lever. When the said lever hangs free the roller is held from rotating. When
the blind is to be lowered the lever can be moved by means of the cord into a
position which will cause the roller to be released. The blind is raised by pulling
the said cord. The ratchet teeth may be dispensed with in some cases by using a
cam shaped or excentric detent.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Robinson and Thomas
Robinson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd August
1882.
JOSEPH ROBINSON of Widnes in the county of Lancaster Chemist and THOMAS
ROBINSON of the same place Ironfounder IMPROVEMENTS IN FURNACES
The invention relates to furnaces in which metals or their ores are subjected to
the action of heat and consists in a novel construction whereby the advantages of
a melting or smelting and a refining or reducing furnace are obtained in combination
in the most advantageous manner.
In carrying our invention into practice a cupola or stack for containing the
metal or ores to be melted or smelted is constructed over a refining or reducing
furnace and is connected therewith by means of a passage or passages through
which the heated gases and products of combustion flow from one to the other.
The refining or reducing furnace is advantageously constructed in the form of a
tank with a semicircular bottom and the cupola. hearth is made by an arch or
arches covering the centre of the tank.
Solid liquid or gaseous fuel is used with or without heated air or other blasts.
OBTAINING AND APPLYING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Wade at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 14th October 1882.
WILLIAM WADE of Crewe, in the county of Chester, Builder,
IN OBTAINING AND APPLYING MOTIVE POWER
"
"IMPROVEMENTS
This invention relates to improved means of obtaining and applying motive
power from the operation of a screw or screws.
A suitable arrangement for carrying out my invention is the following.
I employ a right and left handed screw to which a reciprocating rotary motion
may be communicated by any suitable motive power by levers or otherwise. The
screw threads work in female screws or nuts in the ends of a pair of levers placed
crosswise and working on a common fulcrum: the other ends of the said levers
are connected as bereinafter described to a similar pair of crossed levers and so on
for any required number of pairs of levers: I prefer that the ends of the levers
work on separate pivots or centres on a nut adapted to receive a screw as described
for the first pair of levers: the last pair of levers is connected to the crank of the
shaft, machine or engine to be driven.
By this arrangement it will be understood that if the screws of the first pair of
levers be turned the combination of levers will be expanded or contracted according
to the direction in which the screws are turned, and if a reciprocating motion be
communicated to the screws, the levers will be alternately expanded and contracted;
by this means if the screws be turned by levers operated by a piston, the length
of the stroke of the piston will be much less than the length of the stroke of the
levers, and in addition to the increased length of stroke thus obtained, the power
will also be increased by the operation of the screws working in the nuts at the
ends of the levers, the said screws being turned by levers operated by the to and
fro motion of the mechanism.
AN IMPROVED ADJUSTABLE HOLDER FOR SUPPORTING AND HOLDING CANDLES IN CANDLESTICKS
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmund Edwards at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th May 1882. A communication to
him from abroad by Messieurs M. Deetjen and Company, of Berlin in the
Empire of Germany
EDMUND EDWARDS, of the firm of Edwards and Co:, Patent Agents and
Engineers, of 40 Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of
Middlesex "AN IMPROVED ADJUSTABLE HOLDER FOR SUPPORTING AND HOLDING
CANDLES IN CANDLESTICKS [A communication to him from abroad by Messieurs
M. Deetjen and Company, of Berlin in the Empire of Germany]
"
This invention has for its object a novel adjustable device for supporting and
holding candles in ordinary candlesticks, so that the candles are firmly and steadily
held and without waste, the apparatus being adjustable so as to hold candles of.
different sizes.
I take a tube of brass or other suitable material, preferably conical and having
one or more divisions in its lower part so as to give sufficient elasticity to retain it
in the socket of any ordinary candlestick into which it is fitted. The upper end
of this tube is covered by a plate having a lateral flange curved or dished at its
edge, to the centre of which covering plate but a short distance above the latter,
is rivetted a short socket upon which the lower end of the candle is supported.
In order to hold and retain in position the candle so supported, two lateral clamps
are used, semicircular in plan and arranged opposite to each other and carried upon
strong pieces projecting downward through slots in the covering plate, in the lower
ends of which pieces fit and turn screws, right and left handed respectively, upon a
transverse pin or bar which revolves in bearings in the upper end of the outer
conical tube and can be turned in either direction by a head or handle at its outer
end, and in this way, the two semi-circular clamps can be made to approach or
recede from each other as desired. The upper inner part of the two semicircular
clamps is formed with serrated teeth or notches which grip and firmly hold the
lower end of the candle when they are made to approach, and release it when they
are made to recede from each other.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE PACKING FOR PISTON RODS AND OTHER PARTS OF MACHINERY
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th July 1882. Communicated to
him from abroad by Emile Degrave of Paris, France Manufacturer.
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the firm of Haseltine, Lake, and Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London, "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
PACKING FOR PISTON RODS AND OTHER PARTS OF MACHINERY A communication
to him from abroad by Emile Degrave of Paris, France Manufacturer
OF
The properties possessed by asbestos of being incombustible and of affording a
good rubbing surface, have led to its use as packing for cylinder piston rods, slide
rods, and other parts of machinery. Packing has heretofore been made of envelopes
or cases of cotton or other material filled with asbestos, but such packing has not
produced sufficient lubrication.
The self-lubricating packing which forms the subject of this Invention is dis-
tinguished by the fact that the asbestos only forms the envelope or case of the
packing, which is filled with a lubricating composition. The asbestos case being
incombustible does not deteriorate and maintains the lubricating substance within;
the latter oozes out through the asbestos case, which creates by its own nature a
good rubbing surface.
This exterior case of asbestos is arranged in various ways, for example it is
either plaited, or formed by means of a cord or ribbon of asbestos wound around
the interior composition, or asbestos mill-board or fabric wound around the same,
or around the cord or rope containing the lubricating composition which is to form
the core of the packing.
This packing may have a core of any suitable lubricating composition, and is
made as follows that is to say-An envelope or case of cotton, flax, linen, jute,
silk, or other material, preferably of asbestos, filled with a paste of graphite,.
paraffine, or other lubricant, forms the core of the packing. Upon this first envelope
or case are formed others which are wound around it; the intervals between the
superposed cases vary with the thickness which the packing is to have. The cord
or rope thus formed is then ready to receive the incombustible casing of asbestos
The whole is united by means of paraffine.

page_text: The different cases containing the lubricant, instead of being placed one outside
of the other, may be arranged in the form of cords or ropes filled with lubricating
material and placed side by side or twisted together, or these strands may be
formed of cotton or other fibre intermingled with graphite and rolled up.
In this packing the graphite is useful because of the smoothness and lubricating
properties which it imparts to the packing. The cotton or other case holds the
graphite; the paraffine unites the whole and assists in the lubrication. The
exterior case of asbestos affords a very smooth rubbing surface, and at the same
time, by its incombustibility and resistance to wear, it ensures the long duration of
the lubricating packing without overheating and wear of the parts to which it is
applied.
AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR OBTAINING CELLULOSE FROM WOOD, STRAW, AND OTHER VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th December 1882. A communication
to him from abroad by the Austrian Chemical and Metallurgical Products
Manufacturing Association of Aussig, Bohemia
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the firm of Haseltine, Lake, and Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London, " AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR OBTAINING
CELLULOSE FROM WOOD, STRAW, AND OTHER VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES [A commu-
nication to him from abroad by the Austrian Chemical and Metallurgical Products
Manufacturing Association of Aussig, Bohemia]
This invention relates to an improved process for obtaining cellulose from wood,
straw and other vegetable substances.
In carrying the said invention into practice I make a decoction of the wood,
straw, or other vegetable substance, either under pressure or without pressure, by
boiling the mass with solutions of such compounds of sulphur with alkaloids or
basic earths, as will, by the addition of acids thereto, precipitate sulphur or liberate
sulphuretted hydrogen or will effect both such precipitation and liberation simul-
taneously (for instance, sulphide of sodium, or decoctions of soda-lees or lime-wash
with sulphur); the re-agents being added in suitable quantities according to the
nature and character of the vegetable substance to be operated upon.
By this mode of treatment, the vegetable substances are rendered soft and readily
divisible while the encasing materials, as they are called, undergo dissolution or at
any rate such modification as to be separated from the cellulose without difficulty,
After sufficient boiling of the vegetable mass, the liquor is run off, and the
sediment (raw cellulose) is then broken small in a suitable apparatus, thoroughly
cleansed with water, and digested with salt or sulphuric acid for the purpose of
dissolving any freed iron pyrites; it is then washed again, and, if necessary, bleached
with chlorine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS FOR TEACHING THE RUDIMENTS OF MUSIC
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Elinor Mary Easson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th May 1882.
ELINOR MARY EASSON, of Framewood, Stoke Poges, Slough, in the County
of Buckingham, Spinster, "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS
FOR TEACHING THE RUDIMENTS OF MUSIC,"
This Invention relates to improvements in the construction of apparatus for
teaching the rudiments of music, without the aid of musical instruments, such
apparatus being also suitable to be employed for teaching thorough bass, harmony
and Tonic Sol-fa.
The said apparatus consists principally of a board which is enamelled white and
has painted thereon, in black, the five lines composing the musical stave. The said
lines are perforated and there is formed, within each space between the said lines
a perforated line, which is invisible, or nearly so.
The musical notes which are,
by preference, cut out of tin and japanned black, are made separate, and, when
desired, are disjointed so that the various portions thereof may be connected or
arranged together as required. To the bead of each note, and, in some cases, to
the corresponding part of the various disjointed portions thereof, is attached a
look, or similar contrivance, which, on being placed within one of the perforated
lines above mentioned, enables the notes to keep their proper position upon the
stave.
The said board is, by preference, constructed of papier maché enclosed in a
wooden frame, and is, in some cases, made to fold up. It may also be arranged in
connection with a receptacle for the musical signs.
When the said board is only required to be employed in a horizontal position,
it may, if desired, be constructed without the perforated lines hereinbefore referred
to, in which case the hooks or other contrivances on the notes or various portions
thereof will be dispensed with.
By altering the clef at the commencement of the stave the notes can be made
treble or bass, as the case may be.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ARRANGEMENTS OR APPARATUS FOR OPENING BOTTLES CLOSED BY INTERNAL STOPPERS
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Philip Murat and Alphonse Motet at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th May 1882.
PHILIP MURAT of the City of Manchester in the County of Lancaster, Mineral
Water Manufacturer, and ALPHONSE MOTET, of the same place, Syphon Manufacturer
"IMPROVEMENTS IN ARRANGEMENTS OR APPARATUS FOR OPENING BOTTLES CLOSED
BY INTERNAL STOPPERS
37
Our invention applies to the opening of bottles for holding mineral waters and
other liquids having internal stoppers kept closed to prevent the escape of the
liquid by the interior pressure of its gas.
Such bottles have been hitherto opened by forcing the stopper into the bottle by
hand or by an instrument held by the hand and pressed against the end of the
internal stopper so as to force it inwards and at the same time act as a cork or
stopper to prevent the escape of the liquid or gas but it is difficult to use these
instruments with effect to prevent loss of liquor.
Our invention consists in the use of an instrument for forcing the internal
stopper inwards and at the same time closing the neck of the bottle and preventing
the escape of the fluid except through a tube and spout provided for the purpose.
The instrument is made of a tube of metal or other suitable material having a
spout formed at one side and is provided with a button or handle to press upon,
at one end, and near the other end of the tube there is an external shoulder and
the tube has an india rubber or other suitable elastic ring upon it. When the.
open end of the tube is pressed against the internal stopper of the bottle the india
rubber ring on the tube can be sufficiently compressed to force in the internal
stopper and at the same time the india rubber ring forms a joint between the
shoulder on the tube and the neck of the bottle and prevents the escape of liquid
except through the passage provided up the tube and out at the spout.
If desired there may be a piston in the tube for acting upon the internal
stopper, this piston being forced outwards by a spring and is made fluid tight
between the tube and piston by india rubber packing. Or a ring piston is or may
be formed on the exterior of the tube which ring piston is faced with india rubber
to come against the neck of the bottle and will permit the tube to be forced against
the internal stopper.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SECONDARY BATTERIES, OR ELECTRIC ACCUMULATORS
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Lea at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 28th November 1882.
JOHN LEA, of Clarence Gardens, Regent's Park, in the County of Middlesex,
Telegraph Engineer, IMPROVEMENTS IN SECONDARY BATTERIES, OR ELECTRIC
ACCUMULATORS,
The objects of my Invention are, 1st, to increase the conductivity of the electrodes
of secondary batteries, or electric accumulators, where lead, or other metal, or
inetals of great weight or low conducting power, are employed; and 2ndly, to lessen
the weight of such batteries or accumulators.
In order to obtain the best conducting power in the electrodes of secondary
batteries, where lead is the metal employed, I use a copper plate or sheet, or plates
or sheets, of metal of low resistance, and of such a thickness as to conduct the
current produced throughout the whole of its surface, to the part where the
connection is made.
This plate or sheet (or plates or sheets) constituting the electrode, I coat or
encase with lead, to any required thickness, whereby the electrode so coated, or
encased, represents an electrode of lead, but with the conducting power
of copper.
For batteries where large surface is required, and at the same time lightness and
portability, and to occupy little space, I coat, or encase, with lead, a sheet or sheets
of copper gauze made of thin copper wire, or gauze made of strips or bands of
metal of low resistance, and arranged in such a manner as to retain the lead oxide
between the meshes of such sheet or sheets.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COUPLING APPARATUS FOR RAILWAY VEHICLES
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William George Thresher at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th December 1882.
WILLIAM GEORGE THRESHER, of Wilton, near Salisbury, in the County of
Wilts, "IMPROVEMENTS IN COUPLING APPARATUS FOR RAILWAY VEHICLES
"
According to my invention the coupling together of two vehicles is effected by
the use in conjunction with a double T shaped draw hook attached to the one
vehicle of an upper and a lower link or bent bar each carried by a transverse
horizontal shaft at the end of the other vehicle and so arranged that by partially
rotating one of the said shafts the free ends of the two links or bent bars may be
caused to approach one another or to move apart after the manner of jaws.
In one arrangement the shaft that carries the upper link or bent bar has at
each end an arm or a lever whereby it can be partially rotated.
The shaft of the lower link or bent bar is arranged below and slightly in advance
of the other and the upper link or bent bar is furnished with projections so formed
that when the upper link is vertical the projections are clear of the lower link or
bent bar which then assumes a vertical attitude but as the shaft of the upper link
or bent bar is partially rotated in order to bring that link or bent bar into a
horizontal or approximately horizontal attitude its before mentioned projections so
act on the lower link or bent bar as to simultaneously move its free end npward
so that the upper link or bent bar may engage, with the upward projection of
the T shaped draw hook whilst the lower link or bent bar engages with the down-
ward projection of that hook in which respective positions the two links or bent bars
will be retained until the actuating lever is again moved.
In some cases I make the free end of the upper link or bent bar narrower than
its other part and provide in connection with the draw hook an incline up which
the free end of the said link or bar may travel whilst the end of the lower link
or bent bar moves under the frame of the vehicle in order to allow of the vehicles
approaching one another more closely to permit their buffers to act when requisite
as when the brakes are applied.
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PROPELLING AND STEERING SHIPS OR VESSELS
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Cooke at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 14th February 1882.
"IMPROVE-
JOHN COOKE, of Howe Villa Richmond in the County of York.
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PROPELLING AND STEERING SHIPS OR VESSELS."
One object of my Invention is the construction of apparatus and appliances by
which water may be ejected with great force astern a vessel in a number of com-
paratively small streams so as to increase the superficial area of the stream and the
extent of the surface in contact with the water into which it is ejected. In one
form of the apparatus I employ a screw having a large helical thread or blade
encircling a central shaft. Around this screw is arranged a cylindrical casing
extending from its front to a little beyond its rear end. Into the projecting rear
part of this casing I insert and attach to each other and to the casing a number
of concentric circular tapering partitions so arranged that they divide the cross
sectional area of the outlet into a number of annular orifices tapering from the
full area at their front edges to a considerably smaller total area at their rear
outlets. The screw when caused to revolve drives water in a strong stream rear-
wards, and the partitions divide the main stream and cause it to be ejected with
increased force through the annular orifices in a number of small streams which
expend their reactive force in the annular spaces at the rear.
The propulsive force of the screw may be increased by forming on its thread
projecting ribs which are recurved and deepened towards the circumference. These
ribs are abrupt in their forward faces but slope off backwards to the general surface
of the screw thread.
A casing partitioned as above described may be applied to an ordinary screw
propeller so as to direct the rearward current from it with greater force and in
better direction.
When, instead of a screw, a centrifugal or other pump is employed to create the
current, I partition its outlet in a manner similar to that which I have described
with reference to the casing of the screw, dividing it either into annular or
rectangular orifices according as the outlet itself is circular or rectangular.
In order to aid in steering the vessel I provide two outlets one on each side of
the rudder each directed somewhat towards it, and I provide a valve by which

page_text: either outlet can be more or less closed, the stream from the other being then
directed against the rudder. Or the two outlets may be supplied by separate
screws or pumps, either of which can be stopped while the other continues to
work.
When it is desired to provide for moving the vessel astern, I arrange at the
bow apparatus similar to that at the stern, and two oulets may be arranged at
the bow directed obliquely forwards so that either being more or less closed the
other will assist in steering the vessel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHIP'S AND OTHER LAMPS
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Martin at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 9th December 1882.
EDWIN MARTIN of N° 68 West India Dock Road in the County of Middlesex
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHIP'S AND OTHER LAMPS'
"
This Invention has for its object improvements in the construction of ship's and
other lamps.
Ship's side lights and other ship's lamps are especially liable to the breakage of
the glass or lense from its becoming heated by the flame and being then suddenly
cooled by water falling upon it. My Invention is intended to remove this defect
also to improve the light and to provide efficient means for regulating the draft to
suit the weather, the description of oil employed and other conditions.
The glass or lense is fitted in a strong frame which is hinged to the front of
lamp on one side, and fastened at the other, forming a door which opens
outwards
Inside the door thus formed by the glass or lense fitted in the frame-and
at about the distance of an inch or so a section of a circle of either white or
colored plate or sheet glass is fixed. In the space between the two glasses are
small holes at the top and bottom for a current of air to pass between the glasses
and so keep the outer glass or lense quite cool-thus materially reducing the
liability of the outer glass to break by becoming hot and in that condition being
deluged with cold sea water.
The burner is made as a round Argand burner with a hole through the centre,
there is also a hole in the bottom of the lamp to correspond, thus allowing a current
of fresh air to pass through the centre of the flame. A gallery is fitted round the
outside of the burner to hold a chimuey of glass or other material which conducts
current of air outside the flame. The two currents causing a clear white light.
Over the chimney so placed is a cone or bell fitted with a long screw connecting
t with a cross bar fixed across the top of the lamp and allowing the height of the
one or bell to be regulated according to the draught required and the force of the
vind blowing. By this arrangement colza or petroleum and other like oils can be
[Price 2131

page_text: burnt in the same lamps and reservoirs. Petroleum and like oils requiring less
draught than colza.
The reflector is made spherical and of any metal and either silvered or tinned, it
is.constructed and fitted to the inner part of the lamp so as not to allow any of the
light to escape and concentrate all the power of the light through the lenses or
glasses.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TRICYCLES AND SIMILAR VEHICLES."
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Herbert Thacker and John Thomas Green, both
of the town and County of the town of Nottingham for an Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN TRICYCLES AND SIMILAR VEHICLES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Herbert Thacker
& John Thomas Green at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
13th December 1882.
WILLIAM HERBERT THACKER, and JOHN THOMAS GREEN, both of the town and
county of the town of Nottingham, "IMPROVEMENTS IN TRICYCLES AND SIMILAR
VEHICLES
"
We construct the axles of tricycles and similar vehicles in two parts, one part
which may be either hollow or solid, carries a key, secured near its inner end, which
slides in a slot in the other part of the axle which is hollow, the outer ends of the
two parts, pass through the hubs of the two carrying wheels, which are, driven by
gearing in the usual way, outside the second part of the axle is another hollow
axle or sleeve to which the frame work and driving wheels are attached; between
one end of this sleeve, and one of the carrying wheels is a split tube, one end of
which takes into a groove of the hub of the wheel, the the other end butts against
the end of the sleeve, which is screw threaded and carries a nut, which when screwed
over the end of the split tube, holds it in position by means of an axle so con-
structed that when the vehicle is not in use, the nut may be screwed back, the
split tube taken away, and the axle of one wheel may then be telescoped into the
axle of the other wheel, thus enabling the vehicle to be considerably narrowed in
width so as to pass through an ordinary doorway.

page_text: Second. For the screw-threaded sleeve D, and screw-threaded nut D¹, clamping.
the split tube E at one end, the opposite end being held by the groove in the inner
end of the wheel hub C, substantially as described and illustrated in the Drawings
annexed.
In witness whereof, I the said William Herbert Thacker, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this first day of June in the year of Our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty-three.
Witness
HW GOUGH CE
Nottingham
WILLIAM HERBERT THACKER (L.S.)