matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS EMPLOYED FOR EXHIBITING PICTURES OR OTHER WORKS OF ART IN COMBINATION WITH BOXES OR CASES CONTAINING FANCY ARTICLES OR OTHER MERCHANDISE
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Bradford Bates at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th August 1877.
THOMAS BRADFORD BATES, of the Firm of C. A. Coutts and Company, of Crown
Court, Aldersgate Street, in the City of London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS
EMPLOYED FOR EXHIBITING PICTURES OR OTHER WORKS OF ART IN COMBINATION
WITH BOXES OR CASES CONTAINING FANCY ARTICLES OR OTHER MERCHANDISE."
This Invention has for its object the arrangement and application of a series of
photographic or other pictures or works of art to the lid or other part of a box or
case for containing fancy articles or other merchandise, in order to impart ornament
thereto. For this purpose a series of pictures or other objects are mounted on a
band or surface, and connected at each end to rollers, the axes of which are carried
by the lid or other part of a fancy box or case. An opening is formed in the lid or
other part of the box, so that when the series of pictures or objects are wound from
one roller on to the other the successive pictures are exhibited and seen through the
aperture in the lid or other part of the box in panoramic succession.
Other methods may be employed for moving the series of pictures or objects to
and fro past the aperture in the box for exhibiting them in succession according to
my Invention.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR TRANS-. MITTING GAS FROM THE RETORTS TO THE HYDRAULIC MAIN
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Newman, of Litchurch, near Derby, in the County
of Derby, Assistant Gas Manager, and William Duesbury, of the same Place,
Gas Manager, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR TRANS-.
MITTING GAS FROM THE RETORTS TO THE HYDRAULIC MAIN."
•
Sealed the 6th April 1877, and dated the 17th February 1877.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said James Newman and William
Duesbury at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th February
1877.
JAMES NEWMAN, of Litchurch, near Derby, in the County of Derby, Assistant
Gas Manager, and WILLIAM DUESBURY, of the same Place, Gas Manager. "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR TRANSMITTING GAS FROM THE RETORTS TO THE
HYDRAULIC MAIN."
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for transmitting gas
from the retorts to the hydraulic main.
The gas from the retort is at present conveyed into the hydraulic main by a.
pipe dipping into the liquor contained in the said main; thus the gas has to force its
way through the said liquor; our Invention is to obviate this by so construct-
ing the pipe hereafter described which forins the connection (with the pipe G)
between the ascension pipe and the hydraulic main that it will contain a
chamber.
•
And in order that our said Invention may be fully understood we will proceed
to describe the same by means of the annexed Drawings.
The pipe H, H, H, which forms the connection between the ascension pipe E and
the bydraulic main F is made or constructed in two parts, one part to be so con-
structed that it will contain the chamber A (this chamber is for the purpose of
allowing the clack and spring to work), and in which chamber is placed a clack and
spring marked B and C, also a smooth face plate marked D for the bed of clack,
which clack will open when carbonizing coal, and instantly close against all back
pressure; G is the dip pipe-connecting the pipe H with the hydraulic main F.
The gas will be delivered into the hydraulic main F free from any seal or dip,
thus removing all hydraulic pressure from the retorts, and thereby lessening the
formation of carbon on the retorts and giving an increased yield of gas from the

page_text: coal carbonized. The effect will also be to carbonize the coal in less time and to
lengthen the durability of the retorts.
The apparatus being self-acting removes the absolute necessity for exhausters or
engines.
Having thus described the nature and object of our said Invention, we declare
that what we claim and desire to be secured to us is, the general arrangement and
combination of parts together forming our improvements in the apparatus for
transmitting gas from the retorts to the hydraulic main, particularly the chambers
containing the clack and spring and face plate, substantially as herein-before
described, and as shewn on the Drawings.
In witness whereof, we, the said James Newman and William Duesbury, have
hereunto set our hands and seals, this Seventeenth day of February, in the
year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR TRANSMITTING GAS FROM THE RETORTS TO THE HYDRAULIC MAIN
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Newman, of Litchurch, near Derby, in the County
of Derby, Assistant Gas Manager, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR TRANSMITTING GAS FROM THE RETORTS TO THE HYDRAULIC
MAIN."
Sealed the 27th July 1877, and dated the 8th June 1877.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said James Newman at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th June 1877.
JAMES NEWMAN, of Litchurch, near Derby, in the County of Derby, Assistant
Gas Manager.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR TRANSMITTING GAS FROM THE
RETORTS TO THE HYDRAULIC MAIN."
This Invention has for its object, improvements in apparatus for conveying or
transmitting gas from the retorts to the hydraulic main.
The gas from the retort is at present conveyed into the hydraulic main by a pipe
dipping into the liquor contained in the said main, thus the gas has to force its way
through the said liquor.
My Invention is to prevent this by attaching my apparatus to the present dip
pipe which shall be made clear of its present dip in the liquor, and in order that my
said Invention may be fully understood I will proceed to describe the same by
means of the annexed Drawings. To the dip pipe marked C, which forms part of
the connection between the retorts and the hydraulic main D, I attach a small.
bracket marked E, to which is attached a tube marked F, containing a spiral spring
G, and clack marked H, which clack and spring will freely open when carbonizing
coal, and instantly close when not carbonizing coal, thereby shutting off all back
gas; the gas will be delivered into the hydraulic main D free from any dip or
other obstruction, thus removing the pressure from the retorts which lessens the
formation of carbon on the retorts, and gives an increased yield of gas and of a
higher illuminating power from the coal carbonized. The results will also be to
carbonize the coal in less time and to lengthen the durability of the retorts.
The apparatus is self-acting, perfect and durable, and where exhausters or engines
are not fixed it will obviate the necessity of them.

page_text: Having thus described the use and object of my said Invention I declare that
what I claim and desire to be secured to me is :—
First. The general arrangement and combination of parts, together forming my
improvements in apparatus for conveying or transmitting gas from the retorts
to the hydraulic main, as herein-before described, and as shewn on the accompanying
Drawings.
Second. The peculiar construction and arrangement as shewn on the Drawings of
the brackets E, tube F, spiral spring G, and clack H, and as herein-before described,
or any mere modification.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Newman, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Sixth day of June, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-seven.
JAMES NEWMAN. (L.S.)
IMPROVED APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO WRISTBANDS, COLLARS, GLOVES, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF DRESS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Carl Ludvig Matthiessen Kóedt at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th August 1877.
CARL LUDVIG MATTHIESSEN KÓEDT, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster.
"IMPROVED APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO WRISTBANDS, COLLARS, GLOVES, AND OTHER
ARTICLES OF DRESS."
This Invention consist of a simple appliance to be used for the purpose of keeping
the wristbands, collars, cuffs, gloves, shirt fronts, and other similar articles of dress
in proper place and form without the use of buttons, and consists principally of a
flat steel spring which is so applied to the inner side of the wristband or other
article by means of pockets or loops (made by preference of woven material) that it
can be readily detached.
For wristbands, cuffs, gloves, and other similar articles, the springs are bent and
set into an oval form with the ends overlapping, so that they can readily be expanded
and passed over the hand, and will then contract round the wrist, and hold the
wristband or cuff firmly in its place without the use of buttons or other similar
fastenings. The springs are passed into pockets made in the bands of the cuffs or or
other similar articles, and when the cuffs are soiled the springs are withdrawn, and
the cuffs can then be washed and ironed in the usual manner. For collars
they are made slightly more circular in form, and the centre at the back of the
neck, and the two ends are provided with slots by means of which the collar
and scarf can be fastened to the fixed collar of the shirt by means of a small metal
appliance similar to a paper fastener. For shirt fronts the spring is made straight
or nearly so and is slipped into pockets made at the back of the front plait, so as to
keep the front flat and prevent it from bulging forwards.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CARDING WOOL AND OTHER FIBRES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Eli Wilkinson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 4th August 1877.
ELI WILKINSON, of Marsden, near Huddersfield, in the County of York. "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CARDING WOOL AND OTHER FIBRES."
This Invention relates to a novel arrangement of the card cylinders in such
machinery which hasheretofore consisted of a swift with a series of workers and
strippers arranged round the periphery thereof. Now, my Invention consists in
arranging the cylinders in two parallel rows, the doffers being lowest, and the main
cylinders, which are of smaller diameter, placed above in the angle between each
two doffers. By this arrangement the material under operation is taken from onc
cylinder by the doffer under it, which transfers the material to the next main
cylinder and from thence to the doffer, and so on from one end of the machine to
the other. By this arrangement the material is kept on the upper surface only of
the doffers, so that the lower surface is always free from material and can be cleaned
or ground whilst the machine is in motion.
Instead of having only one main cylinder to each doffer I may employ two, and
also an intermediate stripper, by means of which I can increase the efficacy of the
machine, and still retain the principle of keeping the material on the upper side of
the doffer.
The card cylinders may be covered with either ordinary card or what are known
as the "Garnett metallic teeth." If the latter are employed I subject the material
to the action of a cylinder having straight wire teeth, so that any hard substance
which may be in the material will fall out before reaching the cylinders covered by
"Garnett metallic card"
I may also, when using ordinary wire teeth, employ the above-mentioned straight
toothed cylinder, and in conjunction therewith a series of small retaining rollers
which will retain the fibres, so that the straight teeth will lash or comb out the
fibres without breaking them in such a manner that any hard substance will be
released and allowed to drop before reaching the first main cylinder and doffer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FERN AND OTHER TRANSPLANTING TROWELS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Lee at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 17th December 1877
JOSEPH LEE, of Vale House, Hampstead Heath, London. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF FERN AND OTHER TRANSPLANTING TROWELS."
In the manufacture of the blades of fern and other transplanting trowels, I impart
to them a longitudinally curvilinear form, thereby increasing their strength, and
adapting them more fully to the purpose of transplanting roots or seedlings.
When the blade is made continuous with the back of the handle, I introduce at
the junction of the blade and handle a cap or collar, which embraces the front of the
handle and is riveted thereto; and this cap or collar having a projecting strap is
again riveted into the hollow front of the blade, and thus unites the blade to the
handle securely.
When the blade is not made continuous with the back of the handle, I attach it
to the handle by the ordinary means of a tang, a strap, or a socket.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARMOUR PLATES AND OTHER PLATES AND BARS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Devonshire Ellis at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th April 1877.
JOHN DEVONSHIRE ELLIS, of the Atlas Steel Works, Sheffield, in the County of
York. " IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARMOUR PLATES AND OTHER
PLATES AND BARS."
My Invention has for its object the hardening of the surface of armour plates and
other plates and bars, and consists in first making the plates or bars either entirely
of the best soft iron, such as is now used in the manufacture of armour plates, or of
the same iron with a portion of a more steely quality on either one or both surfaces,
and afterwards cementing or converting the surface or surfaces by introducing the
plate or bar into a suitable converting furnace, and treating it with charcoal or other
material ordinarily used in the converting process.
This conversion of the surface or surfaces may be effected either before the plate
is rolled down to the required size or after it is finished.

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Devonshire Ellis at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th April 1877.
JOHN DEVONSHIRE ELLIS, of the Atlas Steel Works, Sheffield, in the County of
York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARMOUR PLATES AND OTHER
PLATES AND BARS."
My Invention has for its object the hardening of the surface of armour plates and
other plates and bars, and consists in first making the plates or bars either entirely
of the best soft iron, such as is now used in the manufacture of armour plates, or of
the same iron with a portion of a moro steely quality on either one or both surfaces,
and afterwards cementing or converting the surface or surfaces by introducing the
plate or bar into a suitable converting furnace, and treating it with charcoal or other
material ordinarily used in the converting process.
This conversion of the surface or surfaces may be effected either before the plate
is rolled down to the required size or after it is finished.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO THE CYLINDER PORTS, VALVES, AND VALVE MOTION OF ENGINES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert William Claudius Armstrong
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th July 1877.
ROBERT WILLIAM CLAUDIUS ARMSTRONG, of Milford Haven, in the County of
Pembroke. "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND RELATING TO THE CYLINDER PORTS, VALVES,
AND VALVE MOTION OF ENGINES."
In slide valves as ordinarily constructed there is an enormous pressure of steam
on the back of the valve, great trouble is occasioned by wear and tear, and
numerous complicated contrivances have been invented to counterbalance the said
pressure.
Now by my Invention I do away with this pressure almost entirely; it consists,
1st, in changing the steam chest into an exhaust chamber, and introducing the
steam through the valve. This is effected by making the valve face in the form of
a segment of a cylinder, and placing a steam trunnion in the axis of that segment, or
nearly so. From this trunnion the valve radiates, and consists of a single chamber
proceeding from a circular junction with the trunnion to a long narrow orifice the
size of the cylinder port or ports, or approximately so. To allow for wear, unequal
setting, or other inaccuracy, it is usually made in two lengths telescoping one into
the other, and fitted with piston or other packing between.
The port of the valve can be flanged on each side to give lap for working
expansively, and the face of the valve is pressed against the face of the ports the
pressure of the steam itself on the lower joint or by springs or their mechanical
equivalent.
The ports of the cylinders are similar to those ordinarily in use for slide valves,
but the exhaust port is eliminated, the two steam ports are brought close together,
and the face is made preferably curved to a cylindrical form, the axis of which
coincides with the centre of the trunnion aforesaid. There being only two ports
instead of three, the travel of the valve is much shorter, consequently the eccentric
can be much less.
It will be seen that the valve could be worked by the trunnion, I prefer however
to work it by an ordinary valve rod through the valve chamber. This rod has a
loop surrounding the valve, and two slots or hooks on it embracing a pair of pins
D31

page_text: on the sides of the valve. This valve can be worked by having the reversing motion
inside the exhaust chamber if desired.
My reserving motion is as follows:-The link is pivotted on an axle in stationary
supports by a pivot on the back near the centre; one end the link is jointed to the
eccentric rod. By bringing the valve rod slide block to the bottom or top of the
link the motion is reversed at pleasure.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR SEPARATING, CLEANING, AND SIZING GRAIN AND SEEDS, APPLICABLE ALSO FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Delf at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th January 1877.
WILLIAM DELF, of Great Bentley, in the County of Essex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR SEPARATING, CLEANING, AND SIZING GRAIN AND SEEDS, APPLICABLE
ALSO FOR OTHER PURPOSES.”
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for separating, clean-
ing, and sizing grain and seeds.
The apparatus consists of a frame in which are placed a number (say four, more
or less) of shelves consisting of wires set to various gauges, the wires being either
round or partly round and flat; the shelves or screens are either fixed or moveable,
and are arranged one above another in steps.
The screens are made of a gauge suitable to allow the smaller seeds to pass
through, and either in a plane, or they are made more or less concave or convex.
Underneath the top row of screens may be placed another screen for still further
acting upon the waste grain or seeds.
The grain or seeds are fed by a hopper on to a wooden or other shelf over which
it travels on to the first wire screen, and from thence to the second, and so on,
falling step by step from screen to screen. The force with which the grain strikes
the screens and falls from one to the other forces the thin grain through the spaces
between the wires of the screens and at the same time keeps the screens
from choking. The thin and light grains fall underneath the screens, and the
best grain travels to the foot of the machine, and here it is dealt with as is most
convenient.
As the working of the machine depends principally upon the inclination of the
screens an arrangement is made by which cach screen can be set to a proper incline,
and in addition the whole machine may be set to any incline by altering the position
of the legs which support the machine.
For use in maltings, breweries, and large granaries, the inclination of the machine
may be altered by suspension, by a cord or chain which can be shortened or length-
ened as may be required.

page_text: The screens rest on iron or wooden projections, which are let into the sides of the
frame at certain distances, and the screens are provided at top and bottom with
graduated irons.
The screens are of various gauges to suit the different grains and purposes for
The screens rest on iron or wooden projections, which are let into the sides of the
frame at certain distances, and the screens are provided at top and bottom with
graduated irons.
The screens are of various gauges to suit the different grains and purposes for
which they may be used.
This apparatus is applicable to the sorting of mineral, ores, coal, and such like
articles.
IMPROVEMENTS IN A PORTABLE FOLDING BOAT, AVAILABLE FOR CONVERSION INTO A TENT OR HUT, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Nicholas Robert Roskell at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th April 1877.
NICHOLAS ROBERT ROSKELL, of 19, Salisbury Street, Strand, London, W.C., and
Kensington, Artist. "IMPROVEMENTS IN A PORTABLE FOLDING BOAT, AVAILABLE
FOR CONVERSION INTO A TENT OR HUT, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES."
I form or construct the skin of the intended boat of strong canvas, parts of
which may have a double lining or air bags for inflation to increase the flotative
power or buoyancy.
The framework I form of bamboo, cane, or other suitable and light materials, say,
in three portions in length forming the middle portion or body, and a double bow
or two bows, cach hinged or attached to the other (and the parts to each other),
and when extended or opened out they are held in their proper positions by a
portable or moveable floor, extenders, stretchers, and stays, so as to form the outline
or general frame of the boat, and which, when withdrawn from the water and the
parts thereof detached or disconnected, may be set up and form a tent, hut, or
temporary covering or shelter on shore, and be used as a sketching tent, and for
other temporary purposes. When extra buoyancy is required, such as when used
for fishing, I employ a hinged flap attachable from either side, and which may, when
out of use, be folded back into the boat.
IMPROVEMENTS IN STOPPERING BOTTLES, JARS, AND OTHER VESSELS
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Amos Henriques at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 5th July 1877.
AMOS HENRIQUES, of 2ª, Eastbourne Terrace, Paddington, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN STOPPERING BOTTLES, JARS, AND OTHER
VESSELS."
My Invention consists in an improved combination used for securely closing all
kinds of bottles, jars, and other packing vessels, and is composed of three distinct
parts made of galvanized iron wire or any other wire of a suitable strength; firstly,
à collar twisted securely round the neck of the bottle immediately beneath the
head or beneath the ridge of the jar or other vessel. This collar is so twisted as to
form two eyes, one on either side of the vessel; these eyes serve as bearings for the
ends of the second part of the combination, which is a bent swinging lever having
likewise an eye on either side at a suitable distance below those of the collar.
These eyes in their turn receive the ends of the third part which carries the stopper,
and is twisted in such a manner as to avoid contact with the ends of the swinging
lever.
The stopper to be employed may be of any convenient form or shape, and is
composed of india-rubber or any other suitable clastic substance, together with a
cover made of wood, metal, glass, or other suitable material. The wire passes
through the clastic part and over the cover, allowing the stopper to turn freely.
upon it.
In order to securely close the bottle, jar, or other vessel, the stopper is placed
over the mouth, and the lever is forced down by the hand close against the neck or
side of the vessel, carrying with it the ends of the stopper-carrying piece, bringing
it into a vertical position. The stopper, from its elasticity, will be forced firmly into
the mouth of the vessel, thus hermetically closing it.
In order to open the vessel, pressure is applied by the thumbs to two metallic or
other plates, which are attached to the eyes formed on the lever, or to the ends of

page_text: the stopper-carrying piece, thereby causing the lever to revolve upwards in the eyes
of the collar, raising with it the ends of the stopper-carrying piece, thus relieving
the stopper from all pressure. The stopper-carrying piece will now be free to turn
in the eyes of the lever, carrying with it the stopper from off the mouth of the
vessel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CARDING FIBRES
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Thornton, of Cleckheaton, in the County of York,
Card Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS FOR CARDING FIBRES."
Sealed the 11th June 1878, and dated the 17th December 1877.
$5
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Thornton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 17th December 1877.
ROBERT THORNTON, of Cleckheaton, in the County of York, Card Manufacturer.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR "APPARATUS FOR CARDING" FIBRES"
This Invention relates to an improved combination and arrangement of card teeth
of hardened and tempered steel, and of soft steel teeth or iron teeth for covering the
"rollers," "breasts," "doffers," and cylinders of carding engines or machines for
carding fibres.
According to this my said Invention in the manufacture of cards for covering the
rollers, breasts, doffers, and cylinders, I employ for the outer line or lines of each
strip, fillet, or sheet of cards, hardened and tempered steel teeth, the inner or main
portion of the cards composing the remainder of the strip, fillet, or sheet, being cards
of soft steel or iron teeth.
As above described, by preference I employ the hardened teeth as outer teeth, but
much hardened teeth may occupy other relative position to the soft teeth.
The use of the combined hard and soft teeth maintains a more uniform action of
the teeth upon the fibre, producing more regular work in addition to greatly reducing
the work of cleaning the cards, and so damage by use of fettler plate is in part
avoided.

page_text: Witness,
WALTER BRIERLEY,
Patent Agent,
Halifax & Blackburn.
ROB. THORNTON. (L.S.)
AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF PACKING' FOR STUFFING BOXES
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edwin Carter and David Smith, of Huddersfield, in the
County of York, Packing Manufacturers, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED
MANUFACTURE OF PACKING' FOR STUFFING BOXES"
$
Scaled the 7th August 1877, and dated the 8th February 1877
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edwin Carter and David
Smith at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th February
1877
EDWIN CARTER and DAVID SMITH, of Huddersfield, in the County of York,
Packing Manufactuicis "AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF PACKING' FOR
STUFFING BOX LS"
This Invention consists in making such packing of narrow strips of woven or
felted fabric, composed of cotton, woollen, flax, hemp, or jute, either mixed or
separate Hitherto such packings have been composed of yain of one or more of
the above materials, which has been plaited or braided so as to form a cold or band,
but by forming the packing of stups of woven or felted fabric, as above specified, a
great saving is effected, as such stips may be procured at a cheap rate, being
produced to a considerable extent in the manufacture of card cloth and cait covers,
and as the fabrics for these purposes are put together by a solution of india-rubber
o other solvent, they are impervious to steam, and in every way suitable for packing
purposes
The narrow strips may be either stranded, plaited, braided, or twisted, and may
01 may not be covered with a single layer of yarn or woven fabric of any of the
fibrous materials herein mentioned

page_text: This Invention consists in making such packings of nanow strips of woven or
felted fabric composed of cotton, woollen, flax, hemp, jute, or other fibious materials,
either mixed or separate Hither to such packings have been composed of yarn of
one or more of the above materials, which has been plaited or braided so as to form
a cord or band, but by forming the packing of strips of woven or felted fabric, as
above specified, a great saving is effected, as such stups may be procured at a cheap
rate, being produced to a considerable extent in the manufacture of card cloth and
cart covers, and as the fabrics for these purposes are put together by a solution of
india-rubber or other solvent, they are impervious to steam, and in every way
suitable for packing purposes
The narrow stips may be either stranded, plaited, braided, or twisted, and may
or may not be covered with a single layer of yarn or woven fabric of any of the
fibious materials herein mentioned, which may also be impregnated or not with
mineral, animal, or vegetable oil or fat, and filled with talc, graphite, chalk, sulphur,
black lead, or ore, or other lubricating substances
In witness whereof, I, the said Edwin Carter, for and on behalf of myself
and the said David Smith, have hereunto set my hand and seal, this Thuty-
first day of July, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
seventy-seven
Signed, sealed, and delivered by
the within-named Edwin Carter,
in presence of
J W TASKER,
Patent Agent,
Halifax
EDWIN CARTER (LS.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN GALVANIC BATTERIES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Armand de Watteville and Joseph
Mayer at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th June 1877.
ARMAND DE WATTEVILLE, Member of the Royal College of Surgeons of England,
of No. 13, Old Cavendish Street, and JOSEPH MAYER, of the Firm of Mayer and
Meltzer, of No. 71, Great Portland Street, Surgical Instrument Maker, both in the
County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN GALVANIC BATTERIES."
The improvements relate to that description of battery commonly called a single
fluid battery.
In carrying out our Invention we are enabled to dispense with a porous cell in
which one of the electrodes is ordinarily placed, and instead we place the two
electrodes in one vessel of glazed earthenware or other suitable material, a zinc
plate or surface forming the positive electrode, being secured at the lower part of
the vessel so as to enable a layer of mercury to be supported upon it in such a
manner as to cover this zinc plate and separate or protect it from being acted upon
by the exciting fluid employed, which is supported or floats upon the mercury, and
in which is placed the carbon or other negative electrode. The two electrodes being
connected, a current will be produced and the battery ready for use.
As a depolarizing agent we employ such soluble or insoluole salts or substances
as are adapted to the purpose, such as chloride of silver, bichromate of potash, or
oxide of iron.
Instead of employing a plate or other surface of zinc, loose pieces or fragments of
metallic zinc, or inetallic zinc in powder mixed with or immersed in mercury, and
retained by reticulate plates or other suitable means in their proper position therein,
or an amalgam of zinc and mercury, may in some cases be employed as the positive
electrode, over which the exciting fluid in which the negative electrode is immersed
will be contained in the glazed earthenware or other suitable vessel employed.
By the Invention as above described, great economy, together with certainty and
constancy of action, with strength and durability, are attained, as well as facility
of use arising from the absence of noxious or deleterious fumes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FURNACES
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Alfred Robert Thorp and Richard Nuttall, both of Leigh,
in the County of Lancaster, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF FURNACES."
Sealed the 29th January 1878, and dated the 24th November 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Robert Thorp and Richard
Nuttall at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th November
1877.
ALFRED ROBERT THORP and RICHARD NUTTALL, both of Leigh, in the County of
Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FURNACES."
Our Invention relates to the construction of the furnaces of steam boilers, the
object of the Invention being to prevent or consume the smoke, and thereby to
economize the consumption of fuel.
At the bottom of the ordinary bridge of the furnace in the ash pit we leave or
form an opening to admit air to the space behind the bridge in the flue; and about
sixteen inches (more or less) behind the ordinary bridge we build or form another or
auxiliary bridge, of fire-brick or other suitable material, about three inches (or one
brick) higher than the ordinary bridge, leaving a combustion chamber the whole
depth of the flue between_the_two-bridges. The-smoke and gases become here-
thoroughly mixed with the heated air, and the result is that the most perfect
combustion takes place, and very little if any unconsumed smoke or combustible
gas escapes by the flue of the chimney.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF TREATING SEWAGE SLUDGE
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Johnson and James Robey
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd July 1877.
EDWARD JOHNSON, of Morden Grove, Lewisham, and JAMES ROBEY, of Cumberland
Street, Manchester. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF TREATING SEWAGE
SLUDGE."
From receivers properly arranged we draw the sludge by means of a vacuum,
pumps, or other mechanical appliances into deep tanks, where it is left to settle
down as thick as can be accomplished by gravitation, the thin supernatent liquid to
be returned from the tops of the tanks to the original sewage. Having thus
obtained the sludge in as dense a condition as possible, we transfer it to a sludge
desiccator, which consists of a simple cylinder of iron or other metal closed at both
ends, and revolving on rollers or hollow shafts in such a way that a sinall portion of
the periphery of the cylinder is immersed in sludge, contained in a suitable trough
placed underneath the same. As the cylinder slowly revolves, by means of proper
driving gear it coats itself over with a film of the sludge, which is then rapidly dried
by heat applied internally to the cylinder. The dried films are removed by
revolving brushes, which we prefer, or suitable scrapers, worked either continuously
or intermittently, as may be inost expedient.
We have various modes of applying the heat, namely, the exhaust steam of high-
pressure engines, the waste heat of steam boiler flues or other flues to chimney, and
the direct action of heat from the combustion of fuel, such as coal, breeze, cinders,
or other fuel.
Where house cinders can be obtained, we use furnaces of fire-brick, and obtain
sufficient heat from this source very economically.
For direct use of coal we prefer a furnace fixed inside the revolving cylinder
and resting on independent bearers from outside, and thus avoid all loss from
radiation.
By any of these methods we secure a rapid and most economical desiccation of
the sludge. When such dried sludge cannot be disposed of for manurial purposes,
we carbonise it into a valuable sanitary charcoal by any of the ordinary methods at
a low red leat, preferably in cast-iron pots placed in an ordinary kilp, or where it is

page_text: desired to preserve the gaseous products, then in the well-known gas retort
arrangement.
Where the sewage requires pumping, we prefer to use the high-pressure engine
worked on the locomotive principle, i.e., with steam blast for draft, thus obtaining the
whole of the heat from the fuel used in the mixture of steam, and the gases of
combustion for internally heating the cylinder, as before described. When the
pumping is already performed by condensing engines, we use the warm condense
water from the engines, passing it under shallow troughs containing the sludge.
When the sewage does not require to be pumped, and there is consequently
neither exhaust steam, waste heat, nor condense water, we use preferably stationary
outside furnaces of fire-brick for burning waste. fuel, and where waste fuel cannot
be had, we use coal in furnaces inside the revolving cylinder, as herein-before
described,
•
NEW AND USEFUL IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CLOTHES BUTTONS
Year: 1877

page_text: $5
LETTERS PATENT to Henri Adrien Bonneville, of the British and Foreign
Patent Offices, 18, Rue de la Chaussée d'Antin, Paris, France, and 6, Piccadilly,
CERTAIN
in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, for the Invention of
NEW AND USEFUL IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CLOTHES
BUTTONS." Communicated from A. Dinklage, of the Firm of Dinklage and
Franze, a person residing at Tetschen-on-Elba, Bohemia.
Sealed the 13th October 1877, and dated the 19th April 1877.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Henri Adrien Bonneville at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th April 1877.
"
HENRI ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, of the British and Foreign Patent Offices, 18, Rue
de la Chaussée d'Antin, Paris, France, and 6, Piccadilly, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent.
CERTAIN NEW AND USEFUL IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF CLOTHES BUTTONS." (A communication by A. Dinklage, of the Firm of Dink-
lage and Franze, a person residing at Tetschen-on-Elba, Bohemia.)
Hitherto the thread or cloth shanks have only been applied to the clothes buttons,
of which the body or button properly speaking is made of the same stuff or of metal
set on the part forming the inner filling or packing of the button.
The Invention consists in applying the said thread or stuff shanks to those
buttons of which the body or button properly speaking is made of corozo, called
vegetable ivory, of wood, or of horn. The said application is effected by the
processes, means, machines, or tools known and in general use for the already per-
formed application of these same shanks to buttons made of stuffs or of metal, set
and covered over.
Having thus described the said Invention, and the manner of carrying the same
into effect, I would have it understood that I do not claim the method or process of
application, whatever it may be, but what I claim and wish to secure by the Royal
Letters Patent is, the combination of the thread or stuff shanks with the corozo,
called vegetable ivory, the wood, or the horn, for the manufacture of the buttons,

page_text: or the application of the said shanks to the body of the buttons made of the said
material.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henri Adrien Bonneville, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twelfth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.
H. BONNEVILLE (L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS TO BE APPLIED TO DRAWERS TO PREVENT THEIR BEING OPENED
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Otto Salomonski at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 13th October 1877.
OTTO SALOMONSKI, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster.
"IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS TO BE APPLIED TO DRAWERS TO PREVENT THEIR
BEING OPENED."
This Invention relates to drawers destined to contain money or other valuable
property, and its object is to prevent the surreptitious opening of such drawers by
sounding an alarm when any unauthorized person tampers therewith. For this
purpose I
under the drawer a certain number of finger pieces or keys
arrange
connected to as many small upright levers inside the drawer. These levers are
bevelled at the top, and are so connected that when a finger piece is pulled it slants
its corresponding lever. The same number of loose pieces are placed in a small
frame fixed above the levers, their lower ends being so bevilled to fit on to the tops of
the levers, and their upper ends projecting over the edge of the frame, so that
when any one or more of the finger pieces is pulled it raises its corresponding loose
piece.
The drawer is made to slide in a fixed cover from which a catch is pressed down
by a spring exactly on to the loose pieces.
The catch is so formed that when all these pieces are in their ordinary position
the drawer is free to slide in and out of the cover, but when one (or more) is raised it is
pushed up, and, when the drawer is pulled, comes into contact with fixed projections,
to one of which is attached a spring, which is thus compressed and sounds an alarm
bell in a corner of the drawer.
It is evident that when one of these loose pieces is taken out and reversed so as
not to fit on to its lever, it is raised, and when the corresponding key is pulled it

page_text: lowers the lever and consequently the other piece. If, therefore, any one or more of
these pieces is or are reversed (say the second and third) leaving the rest in their
normal position, and the drawer is then shut, no one who does not happen to pull
back the second and third finger pieces can open the drawer without sounding an
alarm therein.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR CRUSHING AND REDUCING MIDDLINGS OR SEMOLINA, APPLICABLE ALSO FOR CRUSHING WHEAT AND OTHER GRAIN
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Frederick Hind and Robert
Lund at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th October
1877.
THOMAS FREDERICK HIND and ROBERT LUND, of Preston, in the County of
Lancaster, Corn Mill Engineers. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR CRUSHING AND
REDUCING MIDDLINGS OR SEMOLINA, APPLICABLE ALSO FOR CRUSHING WHEAT AND
OTHER GRAIN."
This Invention has for its object improvements in machines for crushing and
reducing middlings or "semolina," applicable also for crushing wheat and other
grain, and relates to those machines used in corn mills which are known as roller
mills.
In such machines, the middlings, or "semolina," or grain (as the case may be)
are caused to fall between two crushing rollers which crush or squeeze the material
as it passes between them.
It has been usual to make the crushing rollers of steel or cast iron, but rollers so
made are in practice, more or less undesirable, being liable to get heated, thereby
causing the crushed material to adhere and cake upon their surfaces, and being
moreover frequently damaged by receiving the impressions of nails and other
hard substances. Now, according to our Invention, we use in such mills rollers
whose bodies are made of paper or cotton compressed by hydraulic machinery to a
hard texture, whereby they are rendered suitable for effecting in an efficient manner
the crushing process, whilst at the same time retaining an amount of elasticity
which renders the surfaces of the rollers less liable than the above-mentioned
ordinary rollers to permanent injury from hard substances. Moreover, the com-
pressed paper or cotton which surrounds the axes of the rollers forms a non-con-
ductor, and thereby assists in keeping down the temperature at the peripheries of
the rollers in the event of the roller bearings becoming heated.

page_text: In carrying out our Invention we use a shaft of suitable diameter to form the
axis of the roller; this we surround with the paper or cotton body, which we make
by forming a number of round washers of the required diameter with central
holes to fit the shaft, then pressing these washers together by bydraulic or other
suitable power into a homogeneous mass or roller body, and finally turning the
body thus formed to a true surface in a lathe.
AN IMPROVED LIQUID COMPOSITION FOR EXTINGUISH- ING FIRES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the Office of
tho Commissioners of Patents on the 14th May 1877. A communication from
abroad by Prosper Rolland, of Remollon (Hautes-Alpes), France.
WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand, in the County
of Middlesex, Patent Agent. "AN IMPROVED LIQUID COMPOSITION FOR EXTINGUISH-
ING FIRES." A communication from abroad by Prosper Rolland, of Remollon
(Hautes-Alpes), France.
This liquid composition, which is to be used in fire engines in lieu of plain water,
possesses a very great extinguishing power. It is composed of the following
solution :-
1°. Sulphate of protoxyd of iron (green vitriol)
2°. Chloride of sodium (common salt) -
-
70 per cent.
-
20 per cent.
This solution is obtained in more or less water, according to the degree of
extinguishing power desired.
The proportion of one-fourth of this composition to three-fourths of water appears
to give very satisfactory results, but experience will settle the best formula to bo
observed.
It will be found that the combination of the three substances above mentioned
with the water to be thrown by the pump will greatly facilitate the rapid
extinguishing of conflagrations.
AN IMPROVED BRISE-MARIAGE' OR BREAKING APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO CARDING MACHINES FOR ROVING, Slubbing, and for SPINNING WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1877

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th December 1877. A communi-
cation from abroad by Léon Letalle, of Beauvais, France, Carpet Manufacturer.
WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of No 11, Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of
Middlesex, Patent Agent. "AN IMPROVED BRISE-MARIAGE' OR BREAKING
APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO CARDING MACHINES FOR ROVING, Slubbing, and for
SPINNING WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES." A communication from
abroad by Léon Letalle, of Beauvais, France, Carpet Manufacturer.
As shown on the accompanying Sheet of Drawing, this apparatus consists of a
small detaching or breaking cylinder A, made of iron or other suitable material,
and, say, of a diameter 32 millimeters, but the diameter may vary. This small
cylinder is without any furniture or appendages; it has simply an unequal surface
similar to the indented surface of wooden graters; grooves C are made in this
cylinder, facing the spaces between the rings B, B, at at each of these spaces
passes a band G of leather, of metal, or of any suitable material between the
detaching cylinder and the doffer. These straps or bands are guided by a grooved
shaft D, similar to the cylinder A, which is set in motion by the shaft of the doffer
F', and is placed in front of the doffer above the cylinder A. These straps or bands
after having passed under the doffer, between this latter and the cylinder A, go
round another cylindrical shaft E (which may have grooves if desired) and return
between the cylinder A and the friction rollera of the feed cloth H, H, which
breaks the filaments or long pieces of wool which meet between one ring and
another, and which form between the small filaments which become detached from
the rings, what are known in relation to carding machines for alubbing as
marriages "mariages;" in lieu of leather straps, bands of metal, strips of parchment,
or simply cotton cords may be used.
This apparatus permits increasing the number of threads in carding machines
for slubbing, thereby obtaining a finer, less rolled, and better elongating slub or

page_text: roving, and thus up to, say, twenty thousand meters of carded wool may be made
without over spinning while producing / or /, more.
This apparatus may also be applied to the cards of a doffer.
The main characteristics of this marriage breaking apparatus ("Brise-mariage ")
is the arrangement of a series of straps or bands to which a continuous movement
is given and which as the wool spins and travels forward, break the filaments
which are produced or form between two threads.