Improvements in the Manufacture of certain kinds of Artioles of Glass, and in Machinery or Apparatus to be employed in the said Manufacture.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 5th Sept., 1891
Complete Specification Left, 27th May, 1892-Accepted, 2nd July, 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of certain kinds of Artioles of
Glass, and in Machinery or Apparatus to be employed in the said
Manufacture.
I ALBERT CAY trading as James Stevens and Son and also as Stone Fawdry
and Stone of Dartmouth Street Birmingham in the County of Warwick Glass
Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows :-
My invention has reference to the manufacture of tumblers decanters and such
other articles of glass as have the external figure of solids of revolution, that is,
articles the section of which at right angles to their axis is circular. My said
invention consists..in. the method of manufacturing the said articles and the
machinery or apparatus employed for that purpose hereinafter described.
. I will describe my invention in connection with the manufacture of a moulded
tumbler...
In order that my invention may be the better understood I remark that in the
ordinary method of manufacturing. a tumbler the mould in which the tumbler is
blown is stationary and the workman in blowing the tumbler in the said mould
gives a rotary motion to the iron down which he blows and which carries the
partially, formed.tumbler..
In manufacturing a tumbler according to my invention I employ a mould mounted
upon a shaft, or, axis supported. in bearings, the said axis by toothed or other
gearing having rapid rotary motion communicated to it by hand or other power.
The workman in. blowing a tumbler in the said mould does not give the ordinary
rotary.motion to the blow iron. The interior of the mould may be prepared with a
coating of carbonaceous matter in. the ordinary way. By blowing the tumbler in
the rotating mould as described the finished tumbler is more symmetrical than a
tumbler made in the. ordinary way. The glass in the lower part of the tumbler
is more uniformly distributed and the angle formed by the bottom and side of the
tumbler is sharper or less rounded than in a tumbler. of the ordinary manufacture.
The interior of the mould may either have the configuration of the exterior of
the tumbler or may be hexagonal or octagonal in cross. section, that is instead of
being curved it may be made up of a series of planes; or the sides instead of being
plain may be slightly convex.
When the article to be made is contracted at top as a decanter or bottle or has
contractions in any part of it the mould employed is made in parts or flaps hinged
tola base plate, constituting the bottom of the mould, the said flaps opening
outwards, that is, falling into.a. nearly horizontal plane. When the said flaps are
raised or closed upon one another they are bound together by a clip or other
Fastening.
"
The axis of the rotating mould may either be situated vertically or horizontally
or in an intermediate position and the said moulds may either be made of metal or
of wood are a pedig me
"
After the moulding process the article is finished in the ordinary way.
Defin this 5th door of Sontember 1901

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of certain kinds of Articles of
Glass, and in Machinery or Apparatus to be employed in the said
Manufacture.
I, ALBERT CAY, trading as James Stevens and Son, and also as Stone, Fawdry
and Stone, of Dartmouth Street, Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Glass
Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of my invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
My invention has reference to the manufacture of tumblers, decanters and such
other articles of glass as have the external figure of solids of revolution, that is,
articles the section of which at right angles to their axis is circular. My said
invention consists in the method of manufacturing the said articles and the
machinery or apparatus employed for that purpose hereinafter described.
I will describe my invention in connection with the manufacture of a moulded
tumbler.
In order that my invention may be the better understood I remark that in the
ordinary method of manufacturing a tumbler the mould in which the tumbler is
blown is stationary and the workman in blowing the tumbler in the said mould
gives a rotary motion to the iron down which he blows and which carries the
partially formed tumbler.
In manufacturing a tumbler according to my invention I employ a mould mounted
upon a shaft or axis supported in bearings, the said axis by toothed or other
gearing having rapid rotary motion communicated to it by hand or other power.
The workman in blowing a tumbler in the said mould does not give the ordinary
rotary motion to the blow iron. The interior of the mould may be prepared with
a coating of carbonaceous matter in the ordinary way. By blowing the tumbler in
the rotating mould as described the finished tumbler is more symmetrical than a
tumbler made in the ordinary way. The glass in the lower part of the tumbler is
more uniformly distributed and the angle formed by the bottom and side of the
tumbler is sharper or less rounded than in a tumbler of the ordinary manufacture.
The interior of the mould may either have the configuration of the exterior of
the tumbler or may be hexagonal or octagonal in cross section, that is, instead of
being curved it may be made up of a series of planes; or the sides instead of being
plain may be slightly convex.
The rotating mould may be made in parts or flaps hinged to a base plate
constituting the bottom of the mould, the said flaps opening outwards. When the
said flaps are raised or closed upon one another they are bound together by a clip
or other fastening.
The axis of the rotating mould may either be situated vertically or horizontally
or in an intermediate position and the said moulds may either be made of metal or
of wood.
After the moulding process the article is finished in the ordinary way.
I will now describe with reference to the accompanying drawings the manner in
which my invention is to be performed.
Figure 1 represents in side elevation and Figure 2-in plan, a rotating mould to
be used in the manufacture of glass tumblers, decanters and other like glass articles
according to my invention, the said rotating mould being composed of rigid parts.
Figure 3 represents in perspective the rotating mould detached from the driving
parts.
The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in Figures 1, 2 and 3.
The rotating mould consists of seven or other unequal number (preferably) of
rigid bars or arms marked a, a arranged in the direction of radii and bolted by
the angle pieces at their bottoms to the rotating table or disc 6 constituting the

page_text: bottom of the mould, the middle part of the table or disc 6 having a convex figure
to form the concave bottom of the tumbler or article to be made. The rigid arms
or bars a, a may be made adjustable radially on the table 6 so as to fit the same
mould for the manufacture of tumblers of different sizes. The bottom of the mould
is bolted to the rotating platform c which is carried by the vertical shaft or spindle d
working in the top bearing e and foot bearing f. A rapid rotatory motion is given
to the shaft d and to the mould carried by it by a driving band a passing over the
pulley on the said shaft and over the driving pulley which pulley i may be
worked by hand or other power. I do not limit myself to any particular kind of
gearing for driving the rotating mould.
g
The bars or arms a, a constituting the mould have their inner or acting
surfaces of the configuration of the exterior of the tumbler or glass article to be
made. That is, the inner or acting surfaces of the mould may be flat or convex
or slightly concave or of other figure according to the external shape of the article
to be made.
In making a tumbler according to my invention by the use of the rotating
mould described and represented, the mass of molten glass is gathered on the blow
iron and the said mass blown into a bulb in the ordinary way. The workman
having closed the top of the blow iron by his finger in order to prevent the escape
of air, he introduces the said bulb into the rotating mould, the blow iron being
maintained stationary. By the operation of the rotating mould the shaping of the
lower part of the bulb is perfected.
Or when additional compressed air is required to be introduced into the stationary
bulb after it has been put in the rotating mould, the workman places on the top
of the blow iron a metal mouth piece lined with india rubber or other soft material,
the said mouth piece being connected with an air tube supplying air at the
pressure required to enlarge the bulb of glass in the rotating mould. In all cases
it is preferred to use a mechanical source of air pressure for the blowing or shaping
operation in the mould, but it may be effected by the mouth of the workman.
In Figure 1 the bulb of glass blown and fashioned in the rotating mould is
indicated in dotted lines. The blown glass on being withdrawn from the rotating
mould is treated and finished in precisely the same way as is practised with respect
to glass articles blown in ordinary moulds. For example in making a tumbler the
lower part of the bulb is divided from the upper part at the horizontal dotted
line indicated in Figure 1 and the tumbler treated and finished in the ordinary
way; Figure 4 represents a finished tumbler made from the lower part of the
glass bulb indicated in Figure 1.
Instead of making the rigid rotating mould of a series of bars arranged radially
on the bottom of the mould, the said rotating mould may be made continuous;
that is, of a series of bars connected together or in one piece, and have the
configuration of the tumbler or article to be made; or be made hexagonal, or
octagonal or of other symmetrical figure in cross section.
By blowing or fashioning the tumbler (or other article) in the rotating mould,
the finished tumbler is more symmetrical and the glass in the lower part more
uniformly distributed and the angle formed at the bottom and side of the tumbler
is sharper than in a tumbler made in the ordinary way.
Figure 5 represents in side elevation, partly in section and Figure 6 in plan,
another rotating mould constructed according to my invention. In this mould the
bars, arms or flaps k, k are hinged or jointed at 1,1 between cheeks on the base
plate or table m of the mould fixed on the rotating spindle d so that the jointed
parts of the mould can be opened outwards for placing the glass bulb in and
removing the shaped bulb from the mould, or the said jointed parts brought nearer
together for closing the mould for operating on the bulb. The inner or acting
surfaces of the arms or flaps of the mould are either made concave as represented,
or have a shape corresponding to the exterior of the article to be made and the
outer edges of the said arms or flaps are provided with stops or projections ³, P

page_text: for the closing ring n to engage under for limiting the closing of the arms or flaps
of the mould.
וי
The closing ring n is composed of an annular trough in which a ring of polished
metal is fixed. The closing ring is connected to the horizontal arm and the
- latter is fixed to the tubular spring lifter 9 having a foot plate at top on which
the foot of the workman presses for opening the mould. The tubular lifter 9 slides
upon the guide rod q and a coiled spring q* around the said guide rod bearing
against the arm p lifts the mould closing ring n when it is at liberty to move:
When the ring.n is lowered by the workman pressing down the foot plate g³ the
parts of the rotating mould open outwards by their own weight assisted by
centrifugal force and the glass bulb may be placed in or the blown or shaped
article removed from the mould.
I do not limit myself to any particular way of opening and closing the arms or
flaps of the mould, as various devices may be employed for that purpose.
In Figures 5 and 6 that part of the mould marked r on which the bottom of the
tumbler or article is blown consists of a loose or detachable plate or impressing
block for impressing a name, or a device such as a star as represented, upon the
bottom of the glass article being made. The impressing block r
so connected
to the rotating table m that the said block remains stationary with the glass being
operated upon, while the other parts of the mould are rotating.
A tumbler made in the mould Figures 5 and 6 and having convex sides, corre-
sponding with the concavity of the acting surfaces of the bars or flaps of the
mould, is represented in Figure 7.
Instead of connecting the arms or flaps to the revolving table of the mould
by joint pins or hinges they may be connected to the table of the mould by sliding
junctions.
This modified rotating mould is represented in elevation, partly in section in
Figure 8, plan in Figure 9 and one of the flaps or bars of the mould in edge view
in Figure 10. In this modified mould, the bottom of each flap or bark has a
dovetail foot * which slides in a radial dovetail slot m² in the rotating table m of
the mould so that by raising and lowering the closing ring n upon the outer edges
of the flaps or bars, in the manner hereinbefore described, the said flaps or bars
can be made to slide in the direction of radii to and from the centre of the mould
for closing and opening the said mould as will be understood by an examination of
the drawing.
The arms or flaps of the rotating moulds may be made of metal or of wood or
of wire, or of wood having faces or acting parts of metal.
Figure 11 represents a jointed flap of a rotating mould made of wire, a portion
of the wire being bent into an eye for the joint pin to pass through.
F
The rotating moulds consisting of jointed or sliding flaps, bars or arms are used
in the manner herein before described when employing rigid moulde excepting with¨
respect to the opening and closing of the moulds.
I am aware that moulds having the configuration of the articles to be made and
either continuous or perforated, that is, either unperforated or perforated "and
having a rapid to and fro rotary motion given to them have been used in the
manufacture of tumblers and other articles of glass and I make no claim to the
use of such moulds when so operated.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my invention
and the manner of performing the same I declare that I claim as my invention of
Improvements in the manufacture of certain kinds of articles of glass and in
machinery or apparatus to be employed in the said manufacture":-
66
Manufacturing tumblers, decanters and such other articles of glass as have the
external figure of solids of revolution or articles the section of which at right
angles to their axis is circular, by blowing and fashioning the said articles or partly
made articles in rotating moulds, having continuous rotary motion in one direction
17.

page_text: and operated substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in the accom-
panying drawings, whether the said moulds have the configuration of the articles
to be made or consist of ribs unconnected at top and capable of adjustment at the
required distances apart at bottom to suit the size of the articles to be made or are
5 hinged or jointed to or capable of sliding on their base plate.
Dated the Twenty-fourth day of May 1892.
AT DEDT CAV