IMPROVEMENTS IN HOT WATER BOLLERS FOR HEATING BUILDINGS
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Green, of the Smithfield Iron Works,
Leeds, in the County of York, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN HOT WATER BOLLERS FOR HEATING BUILDINGS."
Sealed the 20th October 1871, and dated the 13th May 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Green at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th May 1871.
I, THOMAS GREEN, of the Smithfield Iron Works, Leeds, in the
'County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HOT WATER BOILERS FOR HEATING BUILDINGS," to be as
follows:-
:-
According to this Invention a boiler is constructed of a shell either
square, oblong, circular, or other convenient form in horizontal section
with a fire-box inside, the space between the two forming a water space
on the sides and top. The fire-bars are by preference at the bottom
of the fire-box and the chimney outlet at the top. To prevent the
products of combustion passing up directly to the chimney outlet hollow

page_text: plates forming shallow water cells are placed within the fire-box, and they
are connected to the fire-box with nipples which allow water to circulate
through them. To allow of fixing in these nipples, holes are bored
through the outer shell, which holes are subsequently closed by suitable
plugs or covers and form what are called mud holes for facilitating
the cleaning of the boiler. One of the water cells is placed centrally
within the fire-box, so as to split up the draft and cause the heat to
play against the sides of the fire-box. Above this water cell may be
another cell or cells to cause the draft again to pass to the centre,
and similarly any desired number of water cells may be placed one
above the other. The water cells thus placed within the fire-box
increase the heating surface of the boiler and take up the heat from the.
products of combustion before they pass away by the chimney outlet.
Water tubes passing across the fire-box may also if desired be used in
conjunction with the water cells above described. At one side of the
outer shell and fire-box an opening is formed which is fitted with a
door or doors, by preference with an upper and lower door; by opening
the upper door ready access is given for cleaning the water cells. The
outer shell of the boiler has also sockets projecting from it to receive
the flow and return pipes of the hot water apparatus. The boiler can be
made either of cast or wrought iron, and it is fixed on a cast-iron sole
or foundation plate, which answers the purpose of an ash-pit, and no
brickwork is required. The water cells may be either flat, curved, or
dished.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Thomas Green in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 13th November 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
GREEN, of the Smithfield Iron Works, Leeds, in the County of York,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of May, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the thirty-
fourth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Thomas Green, Her special license a
that I, the said Thomas Green, my executors, administrators, and

page_text: assigns, or such others as I, the said Thomas Green, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
5 vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN HOT
WATER BOILERS FOR HEATING BUILDINGS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Thomas Green, my executors or administrators,
by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
O and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Green, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say :-
According to this Invention a boiler is constructed of a shell (either
square, oblong, circular, or other convenient form in horizontal section)
with a fire-box inside the space between the two on the sides and top
forming a water space. The fire-bars are by preference at the bottom
of the fire-box, and the chimney outlet at the top. To prevent the
products of combustion passing up directly to the chimney outlet
hollow plates forming shallow water cells are placed within the fire-box,
and they are connected to the fire-box with nipples which allow water
to circulate through them. To allow of fixing in these nipples, holes are
bored through the outer shell, which holes are subsequently closed by
suitable plugs or covers, and form what are called mud holes for facili-
tating the cleaning of the boiler. One of the water cells may be placed
centrally within the fire-box so as to split up the draught and cause the
heat to play against the sides of the fire-box. Above this water cell
may be another cell or cells to cause the draught again to pass to the
centre, and similarly any desired number of water cells may be placed
one above the other. The water cells thus placed within the fire-box
increase the heating surface of the boiler and take up the heat from the
products of combustion before they pass away by the chimney outlet.
Water tubes passing across the fire-box may also if desired be used in

page_text: each of the nipples, and these openings are fitted with covers which are
held in their places by T headed bolts and nuts like the mud hole cover
represented at d. The two cells are also connected by a nipple e¹ which
serves for the passage of the water from the upper to the lower cell, it is
fixed in the manner already described, and in one or both of the cells
there is a hole with a cover opposite the end of the nipple to admit of a
lock nut being used to form a secure joint. The two water cells are so
placed that the products of the combustion of the fuel on the fire-bars
are compelled to take a circuitous or zig-zag course in passing to the
chimney f, which is at the top of the boiler and near the back thereof.
The chimney rests upon the top of the boiler and is bolted to it. In
the Drawing it is not shewn in its place, but slightly raised that the
method of forming the connection between the shell and the fire-box
at the chimney opening may be apparent. A damper is provided at f¹.
and g are respectively the sockets for the flow and return pipes of
the heating apparatus which the boiler supplies; h, h¹, is a double fire
door at the front of the boiler; the fire is usually fed at the upper fire
door, and the lower is opened to facilitate clearing out the fire-box
and laying the firc; i is an upper door which can be opened to obtain
access to the water cells to sweep off the soot which is deposited upon
them.
g
Figure 2 is a perspective view of another boiler with water tubes,
and a single water cell serving as a baffle plate to prevent the products
of combustion passing up directly to the chimney; Figure 3 shews the
water cell separately; Figure 4 is a transverse section of another boiler
in which three water cells are used, the middle cell having an opening
through it in the centre so that the draught may pass in the direction
indicated by the arrows marked upon the Drawing.
As already mentioned the hollow plates or water cells may be applied
according to my Invention where the fire is contained in a fire chamber
of brick or other material. In this case the water cells are connected
the one with the other by nipples, and the flow and return pipes com-
municate respectively with top and bottom cells of the series, which may
consist of any number requisite to attain a suitable amount of heating
surface. The cells may be of cast iron, and then it is convenient to form
the connecting nipples with flanges, and to fix them to the cells with
screws entering tapped holes in the cast metal.

page_text: Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner
of performing the same, I would have it understood that I claim, the
construction of boilers for heating buildings with an outer shell and
fire-box enclosing a water space between them, and with water cells
connected with the fire-box by nipples, so as to prevent the products
of combustion passing up directly to the chimney, substantially as
described.
I also claim the adaptation of hollow plates or water cells connected
together with nipples to prevent the products of combustion passing up
directly from the fire to the chimney, substantially as described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Green, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Eleventh day of November, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one.
MHAR
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