IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR WINDING COTTON, SILK
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Smith Raworth, of Manchester, and
Benjamin Alfred Raworth, of Manchester, Engineers, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR WINDING COTTON, SILK,
Scaled the 21st January 1876, and dated the 15th November 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Smith Raworth
and Benjamin Alfred Raworth at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 15th November 1875.
We, JOHN SMITH RAWORTH, of Manchester, and BENJAMIN ALFRED
RAWORTH, of Manchester, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR WINDING COTTON,
SILK, OR OTHER YARNS," to be as follows, that is to say :—
$6
Our improvements are applicable to machines known in the trade as
doubling winders" or "strand winders," which are constructed to wind
two or more ends of yarn on one bobbin, and to cease winding whenever
one of the ends breaks.

page_text: In carrying our Invention into effect we propose to place the bobbin
vertically, and to drive it by friction from a continuously revolving bevel
wheel, and to place between the bevel wheel and the bobbin a thin spur
wheel connected by gear with a long ratchet wheel.
The fallers or detectors we arrange to seize hold of the ratchet wheel
whenever an end breaks, and so preventing it from revolving they
prevent the thin spur wheel also from revolving, and the bobbin above it
is brought to a stand, but the bevel wheel beneath the spur wheel
continues to revolve, as it only drives the spur wheel by friction through
a cloth or leather washer.
We propose to make the fallers or detectors in two parts, one part
being formed at one end into a hook to catch hold of the ratchet wheel,
and at the other end into a loop for the other half of the faller to rest in,
with a boss between for the whole to turn upon. The other part of the
fallers has at one end the thread eye, and the other end takes hold of the
boss of the hooked portion of the faller, and rests in the loop formed for
its reception.
All the fallers are carried in a tumbler frame so arranged that when
one detector falls the frame is pulled over and strikes up the front
halves of the detectors, and holds them in position until the girl has
pieced the broken end and threaded the eyes. The setting on is done
by a small lever which pushes the detector hooks out of the ratchet
wheel.
We also propose to place a small roller on a lever underneath the
flange of the bobbin to take the weight of the bobbin off the spur wheel
beneath, so that the yarn may be pulled back easily when the girl is
piecing the ends, to be thrown out of action by the setting-on lever,
and connected with this lever by a hinge joint behind the bobbin we
propose to place a finger bearing against the yarn on the bobbin with a
notch on the back of it, so that when the bobbin is filled to a certain size
a detent on the copy shaft behind will seize it and lift the bobbin out of
gear.
We propose to work the copy motion by a mangle wheel driving a
pulley or cam taking hold of one end of a chain, which chain passes
round a pulley or snatch block carried in a sliding frame, to which the
arms of the copy shafts are attached by connecting rods. The other.

page_text: end of the chain we fix to a ratchet wheel or screw for regulating the
height of the copy rod; or we impart to the ratchet wheel a gradual
motion for the purpose of building cops or spools.
For some kinds of work we propose to wrap the yarn on the bobbin
by an inverted flyer, driven exactly as described for the bobbin, and to
get the traverse by moving the spindle and bobbin up and down inside
the flyer.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said John Smith Raworth and Benjamin Alfred
Raworth in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 13th May 1876.
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TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
SMITH RAWORTH and BENJAMIN ALFRED RAWORTH, of the City of
Manchester, Engineers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fifteenth day of November, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in
the thirty-ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto us, the said John Smith Raworth and
Benjamin Alfred Raworth, Her special license that we, the said John
Smith Raworth and Benjamin Alfred Raworth, our executors, admini,
strators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said John Smith
Raworth and Benjamin Alfred Raworth, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES POR
WINDING COTTON, SILK, OR OTHER YARNS," upon the condition (amongst
others) that we, the said John Smith Raworth and Benjamin Alfred
Raworth, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under our, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Scal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said John Smith Raworth and
Benjamin Alfred Raworth, do hereby declare the nature of our said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following state-
ment-
Our Invention consists in certain improvements in machines known as
doubling winding frames or strand winders, which machines are for the
purpose of winding two or more ends of yarn from two or more cops,
bobbins, or hanks on to one bobbin, and are arranged so that when one
end breaks or runs out the bobbin is stopped until the broken end is
pieced up.
In carrying our Invention into effect we place the bobbins vertically
over a horizontal shaft, which is provided with a separate bevel wheel
for each bobbin and spindle gearing into another bevel wheel running
loose on the spindle. The spindle does not revolve, but is a stud fixed
in a bracket which overhangs the horizontal driving shaft. The bevel
wheel mentioned above as running loose on the spindle revolves con-
tinuously, and imparts motion to a thin spur wheel placed immediately
above it, the only intervening substance being a cloth or leather washer,
and upon the spur wheel rests a cylindrical pad of cast iron provided
with pins on its top face which gear into holes provided in the head of
the bobbin. The total weight of the bobbin, cast-iron pad, and the thin
spur wheel resting upon the cloth washer below causes sufficient friction
or adhesion to enable the bevel wheel beneath, constantly revolving, to
impart motion to the bobbin above.
The thin spur wheel gears into a small spur wheel placed in front
of it and through it, and a small pair of bevel wheels imparts motion to
a horizontal toothed cylinder or ratchet wheel of small diameter, but
long enough to reach across all the fallers or detectors which belong to
one bobbin. When an end breaks and one of the detectors falls it seizes
the ratchet wheel and arrests its motion, and consequently the thin spur
wheel which is connected with it by gear can no longer revolve; or
instead of the spur wheel, ratchet wheel, and bevels, we use a re-
ciprocating lever or frame driven by an eccentric occupying the place
of the thin spur wheel. The hooks of the detectors catch hold of the
frame or lever, and by stopping it also arrest the eccentric, and so
provent the bobbin from revolving.

page_text: The detectors are steel levers formed with a hook at one end and a
loop at the other, and in the loop rests a wire centred on the boss of the
detector, and bent up at the other end into an eye for the yarn to run
through. This arrangement is adopted so that when the eye has fallen
in consequence of the end failing to support it, and the hook of the
detector has seized the ratchet, the eye may be lifted into position for
re-threading without disturbing the hook which is holding the bobbin in
a state of rest.
The detectors are carried in a tumbler frame which cants over slightly
when the detector seizes the ratchet, and the front bar of the frame lifts
up the wire eyes. There are two rows of spindles in each machine, and
behind each row is placed a horizontal rocking shaft carrying arms, and
a rod or wire for building the bobbin. These shafts have each an arm
at one end, and are moved by connecting rods which transmit motion
from a sliding frame working vertically in guides on the frame end.
On this frame is mounted a pulley of the nature of a snatch block, over
which passes a chain attached at one end to a pulley or cam, which has a
reciprocating circular motion imparted to it by a mangle wheel through
the intervention of suitable gear, which can be altered to suit any length
of bobbin. The other end of the chain is attached to another pulley or
cam, which when building bobbins has no motion save a slight jump at
each end of the traverse to counteract the "dwell" of the mangle wheel
in reversing, and to round the bobbin off a little at each end; but whẹn.
building hosiery spools or cops it has a slow intermittent or continuous
rotary motion in order gradually to take up the chain, and so raise the
copping wire. We obtain this gradual motion by a worm and worm
wheel, which are at intervals, that is to say, once in each revolution of
the mangle wheel, connected to a continuously revolving wheel by a fine
toothed clutch. The speed of take-up is regulated by the time of
duration of contact with the clutch. The small jump at each end of the
stroke in building bobbins is obtained from a detent on end of mangle
wheel shaft.
°
On the copping wire or rod are placed short brass tubes, one to each
spindle; these nip the rod by a sping inside them, and by means of
these tubes the attendant can make small adjustments of the lift to suit
the variation of different bobbins, for as the springs hold them in an
eccentric position, by turning the tube round on the rod the traverse can
be raised or lowered by the amount of the eccentricity.

page_text: When the bobbins are full they are lifted out of gear by a detent on
the rocking shaft, which lifts a frame carrying a small wheel or runner
under the flange of the bobbin; this runner also serves to make the
bobbin pull back easily when the ends are being pieced.
When it is desired to wind more ends on to one bobbin than there are
detectors to each spindle the detectors of two or three adjacent spindles
can be coupled together by intermediate wheels placed between the thin
spur wheels which run loose on the spindles. The result of this is that
if the bobbin to be wound be placed upon any one of the spindles thus
coupled together its motion will be arrested on the fall of one of its own
detectors, or of those belonging to the spindles coupled to it.
For winding from bobbins we use spindles running in tubes, so that
the oil cannot drain away from them, and all arranged in a board or iron
frame hinged on a joint, so that the angle of inclination' can be varied at
pleasure to suit different qualities of yarn.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
Figure 1, Sheet I., is an end elevation, partly in section, of our im-
proved winding frame. a¹ is the bobbin; a², the cops from which the yarn
is being wound; a³ is the stationary spindle or stud; and a', a cast-iron
pad geared to the bobbin by two pins; 6¹ is the thin spur wheel; 6², a
spur and bevel wheel cast together; 6³, a bevel wheel and ratchet wheel
also cast together; b' is the bevel wheel which runs loose on the spindle;
65 is the bevel wheel on the horizontal shaft which drives 6'; c¹ is the
horizontal driving shaft; c² is a frame or fixing of iron for carrying the
wheels b² and 6³, as well as for carrying the tumbler frame c³ and
setting-on lever c*. The detectors are in two parts; the part d'is a
solid forging of steel, and supports in a loop the other part d², which is
formed into a thread eye. When the frame c² cants over by the pull
of the ratchet wheel 6³ the eyes d² are lifted up to be re-threaded.
e', e, are boards covered with flannel; and e³ is a wood bar furnished
with hooks e for putting a little tension on the yarn, as is at present
common in most winding frames; f¹, f¹, are the horizontal rocking
shafts; and ff, the arms carrying the rods f³, f³, for building the
bobbins; f is the eccentric tube on the rod f³ for regulating the lift;
g' is the detent; g², the frame; g³, a small runner; and 9', a hooked
link for lifting the bobbin out of gear when full. The two shafts c¹, c¹,
are geared together by two spur wheels, not shown in the Drawings.

page_text: h¹ is the driving pulley; h³, 1, are the spindles for winding from bobbins
carried in tubes / supported in a board / hinged at the top, so that it
can easily be adjusted to any angle.
Fig. 2, Sheet 1, is a sketch showing an eccentric substituted for the
thin spur wheels. ¹ is the eccentric; ², the eccentric strap; ³, a lever.
The other parts are the same as those already described.
copy
Fig. 3, Sheet 2, is an elevation of the " "end of the machine,
and Fig. 4 is a plan of the same. m', m³, are the arms which move the
rocking shafts f¹, f¹; m², m², are the connecting rods; m³ is the sliding
frame; m, the chain pulley; n' is the mangle wheel; n², the pulley
actuated by the mangle wheel through the spur wheels n³, n. The
pulley o¹ does not move when building plain bobbins, except at the ends
of the traverse, when the detent o³, which is fast to the shaft of the
mangle wheel, strikes the sliding snug o³, and imparts to it a very slight
motion to counteract the "dwell" of the mangle wheel in passing the
corners.
When building hosiery spools the worm p² acts on the pulley o¹
through the wheels p³, p³, p'; q' is a pulley with clutch teeth; q² is a
small shaft carrying a clutch q³; ¹ is a spiral spring, which ordinarily
prevents the two clutches from coming in contact, but when the detent o³
strikes the snug o³ the clutches are drawn together, and the worm p¹ is
turned round part of a revolution, or more if required. By adjusting the
positions of the snug o³ and detent o² the speed of the take-up can be
altered to suit any counts.
.
For building some shapes of spools a cam, similar in shape to s¹, Fig. 5,
Sheet 2, is substituted for the pulley n³.
Having now described the nature of our Invention, and the means by
which the same is carried into effect, we wish it to be understood that
we claim as our Invention,―
'
First. The general arrangement and combination of parts of the
machine for winding two or more ends of yarn on to one bobbin, with
stop motion to each bobbin, as described and shown in Drawing
Figs. 1, 2, Sheet 1, and Fig. 3, 4, 5, Sheet 2.
Second. The thin spur wheel or eccentric placed underneath the pad,
carrying the bobbin together with the arrangement of bevel gear and
ratchet or sliding frame or lever for connecting the bobbin with the

page_text: Sheet 1.
Third. The formation of each detector in two parts, one part riding in
a loop of the other part, or similar arrangement, so that the eye can be
brought to the surface for re-threading without disturbing the hook on
the other part of the detector.
Fourth. The tumbler frame for carrying the detectors and for bringing
the eyes to the surface, as shown at c³, Fig. 1, Sheet 1.
Fifth. The arrangement of machinery for building bobbins and spools
with a mangle wheel, sliding frame, and chain pulley, together with the 1
detent for rounding off the ends of the bobbins as applied to winding
frames, shown in Figs. 3, 4, Sheet 2.
Sixth. The eccentric tubular guides with spring adjustment for
regulating the lift, shewn at f*, Fig. 1, Sheet 1.
Seventh. The lifting frame and detent on rocking shaft for lifting the 1
bobbin when full, shewn at g', g², 9³, 9ª, Fig. 1, Sheet 1.
.
Eighth. The coupling arrangement for adjacent spindles for winding
more ends on to one bobbin than there are detectors to each spindle,
consisting of a spur wheel placed between the spindles, or any other
method of connecting the ratchets of adjacent spindles.
In witness whereof, we, the said John Smith Raworth and
Benjamin Alfred Raworth, have hereto set our hands and seals,
this Eleventh day of May, One thousand eight hundred and
seventy-six.
2
Witness,
JOHN SMITH RAWORTH.
(L.S.)
BENJAMIN ALFRED RAWORTH. (L.S.)
FREDERIC FOWKES,
London Road,
Manchester.