IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DRYING WASTE ANIMAL MATTERS FISH AND OTHER MATERIALS APPLICABLE ALSO TO CONCENTRATION OF LIQUIDS
Year: 1884

page_text: We JOHN FORSYTH JOHNSTONE of Brooksby Chemical Works Bow Common
Lane Middlesex Chemical and Manure: Manufacturer and JAMES BINGHAM ALLIOTT
of 50 Queen Victoria Street in the City of London Engineer do hereby declare the
nature of our Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DRYING WASTE
ANIMAL MATTERS FISH AND OTHER MATERIALS APPLICABLE ALSO TO
CONCENTRATION OF LIQUIDS" to be as follows:-
'
THE
Our improvements in apparatus for drying all kinds of waste animal matter 'fish'
or other matter or for the concentration of liquids relate to alterations in and
additions to the machine known as Johnstone's drying machine for which a
Patent was, granted to John Forsyth Johnstone dated 4th September 1882
No 4203.
I
0
The object of our alterations in and additions to the above mentioned machine is
to enable it to dry or concentrate the materials within it in vacuo.
We construct the steam-jacketted pan of the improved machine or apparatus,
together with the agitators and their springs or scrapers and the vertical shaft
supporting and actuating them all substantially as described in the Specification of
the above mentioned Letters Patent.
The cover of the machine has hitherto been made of very light material not
capable of withstanding any considerable pressure and not so constructed and
attached to the pan as to completely exclude the ingress or egress of air or
vapour.
This light and imperfectly tight cover we replace by one made in one or more
parts securely jointed to the pan and to any brackets within the pan upon which
it rests and sufficiently strong to bear the atmospheric pressure when there is a
vacuum within the pan. We prefer to make this cover domed in shape.
The vertical shaft of the machine is supported vertically and laterally as
heretofore but where it passes through the cover the latter is provided with a
gland which is to be so packed as to form an airtight joint. A sufficient space is
left between the cover and the worm wheel or other apparatus by means of which
the shaft is driven, to permit of the withdrawal and packing of the gland.

page_text: Around the upper part of this gland we provide a vessel or cup surrounding the
gland and the shaft which cup at the same time serves as a receptacle for oil or
other lubricant and as a further means both of testing and securing the joint.
The cover of the machine is fitted with slight and light glasses and aircock and
is furnished with a man hole through which the interior of the pan may be
inspected and the material to be treated may be introduced where the character of
this material renders this a convenient way of introducing it.
This manhole is provided with an easily adjusted air tight lid.
When the material to be treated is of a liquid consistency the machine is
provided with a suitable pipe and cock or valve through which the material may
flow into the machine by the action of gravity or otherwise or be drawn into it by
the action of the vacuum created within it.
The vapour generated within the machine is conveyed by a suitable pipe to a
condenser which may be either a surface condenser, a jet condenser, or of other
construction. It will in some cases be found advantageous to introduce a save
all "between the pan and the condenser. Any material which may boil over in
the pan and which would otherwise pass into the condenser and pass away with
the condensing water or through the air pump will be arrested in the "save all "
and may be returned to the machine.
In some cases an ejector condenser or a Siemens or Korting's steam jet exhauster,
or a jet condenser with Torricellian tube so arranged. and proportioned as to
entangle and carry away air with the condensing water may be used for producing
the vacuum, but in most instances it is more convenient to employ a vacuum pump
(which may be driven in any convenient way) for this purpose.
The discharge opening passing through the bottom of the pan and of its jacket,
through which the finished material drops, has hitherto been closed by a door
fitting loosely within it, the upper surface of the door being on the same level as
the bottom of the pan; the spaces around the door and between it and the opening
quickly became filled with portions of the solid material contained in the pan,
which speedily prevented any considerable leakage of the fluid matters.
A door thus constructed could not be made sufficiently tight under vacuum and
accordingly while retaining the arrangement which makes the upper surface of this
door continuous or nearly so with the bottom of the pan, we make it tight with a
flange joint closing preferably upon india rubber.
L
1004

page_text: We JOHN FORSYTH JOHNSTONE of Brooksby Chemical Works Bow Common
Lane Middlesex Chemical and Manure Manufacturer and JAMES BINGHAM ALLIOTT
of 50 Queen Victoria Street in the City of London Engineer do hereby declare the
nature of our Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DRYING WASTE
ANIMAL MATTERS FISH AND OTHER MATERIALS APPLICABLE ALSO TO THE
CONCENTRATION OF LIQUIDS" and in what manner the same is to be performed to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
Our improvements in apparatus for drying all kinds of waste animal matter
fish or other matter or for the concentration of liquids relate to alterations in
and additions to the machine known as Johnstone's drying machine for which
a Patent was granted to John Forsyth Johnstone dated 4th September 1882
N° 4203.
The object of our alterations in and additions to the above mentioned machine is
to enable it to dry or concentrate the materials within it in vacuo.
We construct the steam jacketted pan of the improved machine or apparatus,
together with the agitators and their springs or scrapers and the vertical shaft
supporting it and actuating them all substantially as described in the Specification
of the above mentioned Letters Patent.
The cover of the machine has hitherto been made of very light material not
capable of withstanding any considerable pressure and not so constructed and
attached to the pan as to completely exclude the ingress or egress of air or
vapour.
This light and imperfectly tight cover we replace by one 'made in one or more
parts securely jointed to the pan and to any brackets within the pan upon which
it rests and sufficiently strong to bear the atmospheric pressure when there is a
vacuum within the pan. We prefer to make this cover domed in shape. The
vertical shaft of the machine is supported vertically and laterally as heretofore but
where it passes through the cover of the latter is provided with a gland which is to
be so packed as to form an air tight joint. A sufficient space is left between the
cover and the worm wheel or other apparatus by means of which the shaft is
driven, to permit of the withdrawal and packing of the gland. Around the upper
part of this gland we provide a vessel or cup surrounding the gland and the shaft
which cup at the same time serves as a receptacle for oil or other lubricant and as
a further means both of testing and securing the joint.
The cover of the machine is fitted with sight and light glasses and air cock and
is furnished with a man hole through which the interior of the pan may be
inspected and the material to be treated may be introduced where the character of
this material renders this a convenient way of introducing it. This man-bole is
provided with an easily adjusted air tight lid.
When the material to be treated is of a liquid consistency the machine is
provided with a suitable pipe and cock or valve through which the material may
How into the machine by the action of gravity or otherwise or be drawn into it by
the action of the vacuum created within it.
»
The vapour generated within the machine is conveyed by a suitable pipe to a
condenser which may be either a surface condenser, a jet condenser or of other
construction. It will in some cases be advantageous to introduce a
"save-all
between the pan and the condenser. Any material which may boil over in the
pan, and which would otherwise pass the condenser and pass away with the
condensing water or through the air pump will be arrested in the "save-all" and
may be returned to the machine.

page_text: In some cases an ejector condenser or a Siemens or Kortings steam jet exhauster
or a jet condenser with Toricellian tube so arranged and proportioned as to
entangle and carry away air with the condensing water may be used for producing
the vacuum but in most instances it is more convenient to employ a vacuum pump
(which may be driven in any convenient way) for this purpose.
The discharge opening passing through the bottom of the pan and of its jacket
through which the finished material drops, has hitherto been closed by a door
fitting loosely within it, the upper surface of the door being on the same level, as
the bottom of the pan, the spaces around the door between it and the opening,
quickly become filled with portions of the solid material contained in the pan,
which speedily prevented any considerable leakage of the fluid matters. A door
thus constructed could not be made sufficiently tight under vacuum and accordingly
while retaining the arrangement which makes the upper surface of this door
continuous or nearly so with the bottom of the pan, we make it tight with a flange
joint closing preferably upon india rubber.
In the Drawing hereunto annexed we have shown apparatus constructed as
above described.
Figure 1 is a vertical section, and Figure 2 a plan view of the apparatus.
Figure 3 is a section taken crosswise through the discharge door which is at the
bottom of the pan.
A is the pan of the apparatus surrounded by a steam jacket B. C is a dome
shaped cover closing over the top of the pan-D is a vertical axis having arms E*
extending from it which carry scrapers E to scrape over the bottom of the pan-
F is the discharge door which closes the discharge outlet formed through the bottom
of the pan and the steam jacket.
The cover C as above stated is made sufficiently strong to withstand the pressure
of the atmosphere where there is a vacuum within the pan-it is formed with a
flange around its edge to be bolted down onto a corresponding flange formed
around the top edge of the pan so that an air tight joint may be formed between
them. At the centre of the top of the cover is a gland or stuffing box G through
which the axis D passes and which is packed so as to form an air tight joint around
the axis-H is a cup or vessel surrounding the upper part of the gland to contain
oil or other liquid to lubricate the axis and also indicate whether the packing of
the gland is in or out of order.
I is a man-hole formed through the cover and which can be closed air tight by
a lid. The materials to be dried can be fed into the pan through this man hole-
when liquid matters are to be dried up or evaporated the cover might also have a
pipe led off from it through which the liquid might be allowed to flow into the pan.
J. J are outlet pipes passing. from the cover to a "save all" K and from there to a
condenser L in which a vacuum is maintained. In the Drawing the condensation
is effected by a spray of cold water and the vacuum is maintained in the condenser
by means of an air pump of ordinary construction but as before stated any other
ordinary means for maintaining a vacuum might be employed. K¹ is a pipe by
which any matters arrested in the "save-all" can pass back to the pan-M. M. are
two sight holes formed through the cover-they are glazed with glass so that no air
can enter through them-The discharge door F is as shewn at Figures 1 and 3
formed with a projecting flange to come against the underside of the steam jacket.
When the door is closed it is pressed upwards by two screws N to force its flange
towards the bottom of the steam jacket-0 is elastic packing placed between the
bottom of the steam jacket and the flange to make an air tight joint-The
screws N screw through arms P which can be turned on the same axis as the
door F but which are held up as shewn at Figure 3 when the door is closed-The
door is made to turn very loosely upon its axis so that when closed it may be
pressed upwards by turning the screws. R is a worm wheel fast on the axis D, it
is driven continuously by a worm S. on a driving shaft T which is carried in
bearings upon the top of the cover as shown in Figure 2 but other ways of giving
a continuous revolving motion to the axis might be adopted if desired. .

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained tlie nature of our said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what.
we claim is:-
--
The construction of apparatus, such as is described in the Specification of the
Patent granted to John Forsyth Johnstone N° 4203 in the year-1882 in such
manner that the pan of the apparatus can be closed air tight and a vacuum be
maintained in it substantially as described.