CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING PADED AMD ATITED SIROSMANOR
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Hogg junior, of Nicolson Street, Edin-
burgh, in the County of Edinburgh, Publisher, for the Invention
of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING
PADED
AMD ATITED SIROSMANOR
2
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said James Hogg at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and
Declaration, on the 9th March 1853, pursuant to the 9th section
of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
I, JAMES HOGG junior, of Nicolson Street, Edinburgh, Scotland,
Publisher, do hereby declare the nature of my Invention of "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING PAPER AND OTHER
SUBSTANCES" to be as follows:-
My Invention consists, first, in a new arrangement and combination
of machinery, by means of which the knife or cutter, of whatever con-
venient form, is made to operate upon the heap of paper or other
substance required to be cut, while held in its place in the machine
beneath the said knife or cutter; and secondly, in a new form of knife

page_text: or cutter, suitably adjusted and fixed, so as to be capable of operating
upon the heap of paper or other substance to be cut.
In order, however, that my Invention may be fully understood, I will
proceed to describe more particularly, by the aid of the accompanying
drawings, the above-named arrangements and combination of ma-
chinery or apparatus, with the node in which it actuates the knife or
cutter, so as to bring it down gradually upon the heap of paper or other
substance at the required time; and also the knife or cutter, with the
nature of its form, and the manner in which it is adjusted and fixed in
its place, so as, when actuated by the machine, to operate with most
effect upon
the paper or other substance.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
Figure 1, is a front elevation; Figure 2, an end elevation; and
Figure 3, a plan or horizontal view of the said machinery or apparatus.
'a, a, a, is a cast-iron framing, carrying all the other portions of the
machine. b, is a shaft, working in bearings at each side of the machine,
the said shaft carrying the fly-wheel c, and the fast and loose pulleys,
d, d', which pulleys are intended to receive motive power from the engine
or other prime mover. The shaft b, carries also a broad pulley e, and
another broad pulley of larger diameter h. The pulley c, is connected by
a crossed driving belt with the fast and loose pulleys ff, f", borne
upon one end of another and higher shaft, marked g. The shaft g,
carries also, as shown in the plan view, a bevel wheel, which, for
strength, should be made of gun metal. This wheel (seen in plan view,
Figure 8,) is marked i, and gears with another bevel wheel, marked k,
and cast upon the face of an eccentric, marked I, which eccentric has an
arm, and by it is attached by the stud m, to the sliding box n, which
sliding box n, works in V slides, in the manner of a lathe slide rest, on
the vertical face of fixed box o, upon which it travels in a lateral direc-
tion, with a reciprocating motion. Upon the bottom of o, a horizontal
plate of metal o', is cast, which plate o', I term the head of the press; o',
is again fastened by strong nuts and screwed bolts to the framing a, a.
The sliding box n, carries also upon its face (as seen in Figure 1,) ano-
ther metal plate, marked n'; n', works vertically by V slides upon the

page_text: face of n, in the same manner as described for the parts n, and o. Again,
there are holes perforated in n', (as shown in Figure 1,) whereby, by
means of bolts and nuts, there may be attached to it the plate p, to which
is affixed the knife, in a manner particularly described hereafter. q, q', are
two screws carrying nuts fixed to the back of n. r,, are bevel wheels
on the end of q, q'. s, s¹, are similar bevel wheels gearing with q, q', and
borne upon the shaft t, which shaft is so made as to be free to slip
laterally in its bearings, of which there are three; one in the centre,
upon the top of n, and one at each side, lying in the projecting parts
of o. v, v, v, are spur wheels, gearing with each other, one being
borne on the shaft t, and another on the shaft g; the intermediate
wheel (v) works on a stud fixed in the cheeks of o. w, w', wl, are
similar spur wheels, gearing with each other; w, being carried on shaft t;
201, on a stud similar to v'; and w", on shaft g. Neither v, nor w¹¹,
are fixed to the shaft g, but by means of bushes or centres are con-
nected with pulleys f", and h. The intermediate wheels w¹, or v', may
be made cog wheels, or of gun-metal, to save noise. x, is a shaft
working in a bearing in framing a. x, carries on its outer end a fly
wheel
Y,
and on its inner end a bevel wheel z, which latter gears with a
similar bevel wheel, marked A. A, has an inner thread, and works in a
socket, so that when motion is imparted to the shaft æ, the screw B,
fixed to and carrying C, and D, is raised or lowered. C, is a metal
table, working on guides at each end; in the framing D, is a wooden
table set into C. E, E', are strikers for shifting the belts to the fast
and loose pulleys. F, is a bent lever, with a neck lying so as to be
struck by n', when ascending. Connected with F, is a shaft lying
parallel with g, which shaft carries at its end an eye for controlling the
belt running on h, h', h".
The following is the inode in which the improved machinery or appa-
ratus is brought into operation upon a heap of paper or other substance
required to be cut. Motion is first given to the shaft b, by any motive
power. Then, by means of the straight belt working on ', turn the
wheels w, w', w", and so raise the knife (p) that its teeth or edge may
not project beneath the lower edge of the head of the press (o').
Next place the paper or other substance to be cut upon the table D,

page_text: This again will put in
leaving as much projecting under the head of the press as is desired to
be cut off. Then, by means of a handle on tho fly wheel y, turn the
shaft a. This will put in motion the bevel gear, and A, together with
the tables C, and D, which will be gradually raised, so that by con-
tinuing the motion of shaft æ, the paper or other substance will be
firmly compressed between D, and o'. Ilaving done this, use the
striker E, to throw the crossed belt so as to run partly on the fast pulley
f, and partly on f", which latter, by means of a bush or centre, is
connected with, as already described. This will communicate
motion to the shaft g, and the bevel wheel i.
motion k, by which the eccentric 4, will be made to revolve. By the
revolution of the eccentric the sliding box n, which is attached to it at
m, will receive a lateral reciprocating motion. At the same time the
wheels,v,, will set in motion the shaft t, carrying the bevel gear 3, 81,
which again gear into 7, . The shaft t, being free to slip laterally in
its bearings, it follows that although the box, is continually travelling
in a lateral direction, with a reciprocating motion, yet the bevel wheels
,, and s, s, will always keep in gear, and so give motion to the ver-
tical screws q, 9. By these combined motions, a, carrying the knife p
is gradually actuated and brought down through the heap of paper, or
other material, previously placed beneath it, and in its progress cutting
off just so much of the paper as is allowed to project beyond the front
edge of the head of the press o¹. When the knife has travelled so far
down as to cut through the pile of paper, or other similar material, then
the striker E, is to be used, to throw the crossed belt back to the
looso pulley f. Simultaneously, or nearly so, use striker E, to throw
the straight belt on to pulley h¹. This will bring the wheel-work
wo, w, w, into action, the effect of which is to give a reverse motion
to the vertical screws; thus communicating an upward instead of a
downward motion to the knife; and because the wheels 1, and w
are connected with pulleys f", and h¹, by means of bushes or centres,
they will leave the shaft g, at rest, and allow the knife and allow the knife
to travel upwards without a Interal reciprocating motion. The part n',
carrying the knife p, continues to ascend until, mecting the neck of the
bent lever F, it tilts F, upwards, which brings into play the striker at the

page_text: end of the shaft connected with said lever, thus throwing off the straight
belt to the loose pulley "; the consequence of which is, that all the parts
of the machine which tend to actuate the knife are at rest until the cutting
process is repeated in the same manner as has just been described. The
paper is released by turning the fly wheel y, in the contrary direction,
so as to cause the screw B, with the tables C, D, to work downwards.
For convenience in ascertaining how much it is desirable to cut off
the paper, or other similar substance, there is a guide-board, which is
simply a piece of wood set at right angles to the back part of the
wooden table D. This guide-board is wrought from the front by
means of a screw fixed to it, and extending under table D, from front
to back of the machine. The guide-board is also connected at right
angles with a graduated bar lying in a slot running from front to back
of the upper surface of table D, and in the latter is inserted a gra-
duated slip of metal. To the guide-board the paper or other similar
material to be cut is always pushed back before being compressed, and
the graduated scales serve to show how far the guide-board has been
moved when the screw has been turned by a handle in front.
A modification of the machinery or apparatus is employed as follows:
The wheels w, w¹, w, are discarded, and the pulleys h¹, h", are taken
off shaft g, and put on shaft t, which is made stronger. The projecting
part of o, which gives a bearing to shaft t, is at the same time brought
farther out, in order that pulleys h¹, h", while they line with pulley h,
may also be as well supported as wheel w, as it is shown in the drawing.
The object of the modification is to allow the belt which fetches up the
knife to be led at once from the pulley on shaft b, to those upon t,
thereby requiring only two pulleys at the end of shaft g, where f, f', are
borne; one of these pulleys being loose and the other connected by a
bush or centre with the wheel v¹, as before described. The mode of
working the modification is similar to that already mentioned for the
machinery as shown in the drawings.
The mode in which the plate p, is made is as follows:-The cutting
part, which comes in contact with the paper or other substance to be
cut, is made of steel, and serrated in the edges, as shown in the drawing
(Figure 1,) cach of the teeth being sharpened off the face, as in the

page_text: case of an ordinary plough-knife; their backs being kept carefully in
the same plane. The steel portion extends only a short distance-from
three to four inches upwards, and has in it several holes, by which it
can be affixed by screws to similar holes in the back of the upper por-
tion, which is affixed to n. This upper part is made of iron, and at the
bottom, where it is affixed to the steel blade by the aforesaid screws, is
thinner, in order that it may allow of the thickness of the steel blade
being screwed to, and still preserve in the same plane the backs of the
united pieces of steel and iron.
upper
hole in each
I now proceed to describe the improved form of knife or cutter
herein-before alluded to. The plate p, has cheeks at each end project-
ing at right angles; and at the bottom of each of these cheeks are two
slots; one at the very bottom, and almost close to the inner part of the
check; the other about two inches higher, extending about half an inch
in length, and shaped in the form of the radius of an arc of a small
circle. Between these cheeks lies the cutting-blade, which is a
straight piece of steel from three to four inches in breadth, and
sharpened on both edges; the edge next the paper having the least
angle, and the smaller that angle is the better. At each end of this
blade two holes are inserted, equal in distance from each other to the
distance between the slots in the cheeks of p. Tho
end of the steel blade has fixed into it a small bolt screwed at the outer
end to receive a nut. The lower hole is screwed internally, so as to
receive a screw through the lowest slot in the checks. The knife being
inserted between the cheeks, it is set and secured, by means of these
holes, screws, and slots, in such a position that the inner edge (that is to
say, the edge next the head of the press) of the steel blade may be per-
fectly perpendicular to the surface of the paper to be cut; and, as the
angle of the edge may vary a little in sharpening, the lower slot in each
check is better to be of a slightly elliptical shape, in a horizontal direc-
tion, while the upper one, as above-mentioned, is a radius of arc,
also in a horizontal direction, in order that thereby the screws which
bind the knife may have a little play in setting the blade, so that the
upper part of it may be brought to or drawn from the head of the press,
according as the angle at the edge of said cutting blade is greater or less.

page_text: Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner
in which it is to be performed, I would have it understood that I do not
mean or intend to confine myself to the precise forms of all the several
parts of the machinery described, neither do I claim as of my Invention
all the separate parts of the same, nor the form of knife or cutter, with
a serrated or toothed edge, first described.
But what I do claim is, first, the general arrangement and combina-
tion of machinery by which the knife or cutter, of whatever convenient
form, is made to operate upon the paper or other substance required
to be cut, as described; and, secondly, the knife or cutter last
described, and consisting of a straight knife sharpened on both sides,
and secured in its place in such a manner that the edge next the head
of the press (or what corresponds thereto) is perpendicular to the
surface of the heap of paper, or other substance required to be cut.
In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and seal this
Third day of March, in the year of our Lord Eighteen
hundred and fifty-three.
JAMES HOGG junior.
(L.S.)
Four words are deleted on page three,
line two from top.
JAMES HOGG junior.