IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR ROVING, SPINNING, OR TWISTING FLAX, COTTON, WOOL, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Lawson and Stephen, Cotton, of Leeds, in the
County of York, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR
ROVING, SPINNING, OR TWISTING FLAX, COTTON, WOOL, AND OTHER FIBROUS
SUBSTANCES."
Sealed the 4th August 1857, and dated the 18th February 1857..
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Lawson and Stephen
Cotton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 13th February 1857.
We, JOHN LAWSON and STEPHEN COTTON, of Leeds, in the County of York,
do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR ROVING, SPINNING, OR TWISTING FLAX, COTTON, WOOL, AND OTHER FIBROUS
SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for roving,
spinning, or twisting flax, cotton, wool, and other fibrous substances. For
these purposes the spindles of the roving, spinning, or twisting machinery are
supported at their lower ends in steps on a step rail, and revolve in collars
carried by a collar rail, and they receive rotatory motion by suitable gearing.
The flyers or rotating frames also receive rotatory motion by suitable gearing.
The lower ends of the flyers or rotating frames embrace and revolve on the.

page_text: collars, within which the spindles are supported and revolve. The lower ends
of the bobbins have recesses formed in them, to fix on pins in bosses, or
enlargements formed on the spindles. The bobbins are placed on the upper
ends of the spindles which rise to the tops of the bobbins. On the limbs of
cach of the flyers is a ring, which is made to slide up and down on the flyer
limbs, in order to distribute the rove, spinning, or twisting on to the bobbin,
there being a hole through the ring through which the rove, spinning, or twisting
passes to the bobbin. The upper part of each of the flyers or revolving frames
is formed with a top, capable of being removed in order to admit of changing
the bobbin. On the top of the frame or flyer is a short tube with a hole at one
side, and there is also another hole in the top of the flyer or frame. The
fibrous substance to be rove, spun, or twisted is passed down partly through
the tube at the top of the flyer, then through the hole in the tube, then
through the opening in the top of the flyer, then through the hole in the ring,
and is then wound on the bobbin as the ring is moved up and down on the
limbs of the flyer, and rotates with it.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Lawson and Stephen Cotton in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 13th August 1857.
2.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JOHN
LAWSON and STEPHEN COTTON, of Leeds, in the County of York, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, in the twentieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said John Lawson and Stephen Cotton, Her special licence that, we, the said
John Lawson and Stephen Cotton, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as we, the said John Lawson and Stephen Cotton, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR ROVING,
SPINNING, OR TWISTING FLAX, COTTON, WOOL, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES,"

page_text: upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said John Lawson and
Stephen Cotton, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under our or their hands and seals, or under the hand and seal of one of
us or them, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause tho
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW*YE, that I, the said John Lawson, on behalf of myself and
the said Stephen Cotton, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in machinery for roving,
spinning, or twisting flax, cotton, wool, and other fibrous substances. For
these purposes the spindles of the roving, spinning, or twisting machinery aro
supported at their lower ends in steps on a step rail, and revolve in collars
carried by a collar rail, and receive rotatory motion by suitable gearing. Tho
flyers or rotating frames also receive rotatory motion by suitable gearing.
The lower ends of the flyers or rotating frames embrace and revolve on the
collars, within which the spindles are supported and revolve. The lower ends
of the bobbins have recesses formed in them, to fix on pins in bosses, or
enlargements formed on the spindles. The bobbins are placed on the upper
ends of the spindles which rise to the tops of the bobbins. On the limbs of
each of the flyers is a ring, which is made to slide up and down on the flyer
limbs, in order to distribute the rove, spinning, or twisting on to the bobbin,
there being a hole through the ring, through which the rove, spinning, or
twisting passes to the bobbin. The upper part of each of the flyers or
revolving frames is formed with a top, capable of being removed in order to
admit of changing the bobbin. On the top of the frame or flyer is a short
tube with a hole at one side, and there is also another hole in the top off the
flyer or frame. The fibrous substance to be rove, spun, or twisted, is passed
down partly through the tube at the top of the flyer, then through the holo
in the tube, then through the opening in the top of the flyer, then through
the hole in the ring, and is then wound on the bobbin as the ring is moved up
and down on the limbs of the flyer, and rotates with it.
Having thus stated the nature of our said Invention, we will proceed more
fully to describe the manner of performing the same.

page_text: Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of a regulating roving machine. A is the
driving shaft of the inachine, which communicates motion to all its parts,
including the shafts C, C, for driving the flyers N, N, which twist the
material, and the shafts B, B, for driving the spindles I, I; and bobbins H, H,
which are connected by the spur wheel P, on the fixed stud or pin Q, to the
differential motion; D, D, and E, E, are the collar and step rails, both of
which are stationary; F, F, is the lifter or copping rail, which carries the
hoops or rings which conduct the rove on to the barrel of the bobbin.
Figure 2 is a plan of one of the rings L. The rail F is traversed up and
down by a rack J working into a pinion J¹ on the shaft K, at one extremity of
which is the mangle or reversing wheel, applied in the usual way. The hoops
or rings L, L, rest upon the rail F, F, and they are heavy enough to cause
them to rest constantly on the rail F, F, and by reason of the legs or limbs
of the flyers passing through the rings, they receive rotatory motion together
with the flyers. The flyer legs or tubes have each an opening or slot running
nearly the whole length of the inside of the leg, and wide enough to enable
the rove to issue therefrom in any position. The course of each rove from
the roller to the bobbin may be thus described:-On leaving the rollers M, M,
the rove proceeds to the flyer top G, through which it passes to the mouth of
the tube or flyer leg N, down which it proceeds and issues from the opening
on the inside of the same; it passes through an eye in (or it may pass under)
the hook or ring L on to the bobbin H.
.
Figure 3 shows a sectional elevation of a portion of a spinning or twisting
frame, shewing the application thereto of the system above described. A is
the spindle, to the top of which the flyer B is attached in the usual way, the
former being driven by a band or tape at C; D and E are the collar and
step rails which support the spindles, flyers, bobbins, and other parts; F is a
rising and falling plate attached to the sliding rod G, which has its motion
from the shaft E, connected with the heart or reversing motion in the ordinary
way; I is the rising and falling and revolving hoop or ring for distributing
the yarn or thread over,
the length or barrel of the bobbin, which rests upon
the plate F, and has its up-and-down motion from the same. The yarn' or
thread issuing 'from the drawing or delivery rollers J, J, passes from the eye
in the guide plate K, and it may take a turn around one of the limbs of. the
flyer, and thence through an eye in the ring to the bobbin.
Having thus described the nature of our said Invention, and the manner of

page_text: performing the same, we would have it understood that we do not claim any
of the parts separately, nor do we confine ourselves to the precise forms of the
parts; but what we claim is, the combination of rings with the legs or limbs
of flyers, in such manner that the rings may revolve with and slide on the
limbs or legs of the flyers.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Lawson, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Tenth day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
Witness,
S. CARPMAEL.
JOHN LAWSON. (L.S.)