Year: 1888

page_text: 1, CARL VON Buon, of 1 St. James Street, in the County of Middlesex, Chemist,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows :-
My invention relates to the class of lamps which derive their illumination from
the incandescence of a mantle heated by means of a smokeless gas jet, such as a
Bunsen burner, and it is designed to render this mantle durable and at the same time
effective.
My invention consists in forming the mantle of a thin film or skeleton of platinum
or other suitable highly refractory metal or alloy electrically deposited.
In order to obtain this skeleton or film, I first of all form a core of muslin, or other
" mantle,"
," and then render
suitable material, presenting the usual appearance of a
the same capable of receiving an electrical deposit by any suitable means, and deposit
thereupon, by electro-deposition, the platinum, iridium or other highly refractory
metal or alloy that I employ. I then use this electrically deposited metal or alloy as
the "mantle," which is rendered incandescent by a smokeless gas flame, such as is
produced by a Bunsen burner, the destructible material being driven off by heat or
otherwise removed.
I may form my core mantle and then deposit upon it in the manner specified, or I
may deposit upon any piece of original material in the first place, and afterwards
fashion the same into the mantle, ready for use.
T
1000
FELL & WILDING,
1, Queen Victoria Street, London, E.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: Improvements in Incandescence Gas Burners.
I, CARL VON BUCH, of 1 St. James Street, in the County of Middlesex, Chemist,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
My invention relates to that class of lamps which derive their illumination from
the incandescence of a "mantlo" heated by means of a smokeless gas jet such as a
Bunsen burner, and it is designed to render this mantle durable and at the same time
effective.
My invention consists in forming the mantle of a thin film or skeleton of platinum
or other suitable highly refractory metal or alloy electrically deposited.
In order to obtain this skeleton or film I first of all form a core of muslin or other
suitable material presenting the usual appearance of a
"mantle " and then render
the same capable of receiving an electrical deposit by any suitable means, and deposit
thereupon, by electro-deposition, the platinum, iridium, or other highly refractory
metal or alloy that I employ. I then use this electrically deposited metal or alloy as
the "mantle," which is rendered incandescent by a smokeless gas flame, such as is
produced by a Bunsen burner, the destructible material being driven off by heat or
otherwise removed.
I may form my core mantle and then deposit upon it in the manner specified, or I
may deposit upon any piece of original material in the first place and afterwards
fashion the same into the mantle, ready for use.
The following description of processes, will illustrate the manner in which my
invention is carried into effect:-
A sheet of a suitable size of fine muslin or preferably "Brussels net" or other
similar material made of very fine threads is stretched on a light metallic frame and
then dipped in a solution of asphaltum and phosphorus in bisulphide of carbon,
which coats the fibres of the material with a reducing film. The sheet is then dipped
for a few moments in a solution of nitrate of silver, of about 20 grains to the pint of
water. The phosphorous reduces the nitrate and causes a deposit of finely divided
silver all over the sheet; this deposit forms an electrically conducting film, which will
take an electrical deposit of copper, if placed in a bath of sulphate of copper, and
connected with an electric battery in the usual way. The conducting film will be
improved by the sheet being dipped for a moment or two in a solution of chloride of
gold, of about 4 grains to the pint of water, before it is put in the electro-depositing
bath of sulphate of copper. When a very thin coating of copper is electrically
deposited on the sheet it is taken out and washed, and then a thin electrical deposit
of platinum or other highly refractory metal is put upon it by any known process.
The metallically coated sheet of material is then washed, and the destructible portion
driven off by heating in a Bunsen flame; the copper may be taken away by
immersion in a dilute solution of nitric acid. The net of platinum thus electrically

page_text: produced may be now formed into a "mantle "in the shape of a somewhat conical
hollow cylinder of a size to suit the burner on which it is intended to be used. A
convenient size for ordinary use is about inch diameter at the large and lower end,
and tapering off to about inch at the other end, the length of the "mantle " being
about 2 inches. Instead of forming the mantle after the deposit of platinum and
the removal of the other substances, this may be done at any convenient stage, or
the muslin or other material may be manufactured in the desired shape.
The electrically conducting condition of the material forming the core may be
produced in any known way, instead of as above described; and another inethod,
which I particularly prefer, consists in first carbonising the material of the core so as
to render it electrically conducting. The material may be carbonised in a close
vessel in the sheet or in the formed up shape of the "mantle," due allowance being
made for the shrinkage which takes place in the process. The carbonised core, care-
fully attached to thin platinum wire, will at once receive an electrical deposit of
platinum, without being previously coated with copper. The carbon is burnt away
immediately the mantle is put into the flame. It is necessary that the electrical
deposit of platinum should be "reguline" and not in an imperfectly coherent state.
A convenient method of supporting the " mantle over the burner is by a ring of
platinum wire inside or outside the top of the "mantle" and over which the
"mantle" is slightly bent; the platinum wire ring may be carried by a rod at one
side of the flame. This platinum wire ring may conveniently be put into place before
the electro deposition of the platinum on the core, and in that case will form the
electrical connection to the core for deposition purposes.
"
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is :-
1st. A "mantle" formed of platinum (or other highly refractory metal) electro-
lytically deposited.
2nd. The method of preparing a "mantle" consisting of chemically depositing
silver or gold on the core and then electrically depositing copper and finally platinum
and removing the substances other than platinum, substantially as described.
3rd. The method of forming a "mantle" consisting of carbonising the "core" and
then electrically depositing upon it platium or other refractory metal, substantially as
described.
A