Improvements in Mortising and Boring Machines.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 10th May, 1890-Accepted, 6th Sept., 1890
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Mortising and Boring Machines.
A communication from abroad by OTIS WILLIAM YOUNG, of Charles City, Floyd
County, State of Iowa, United States of America, Telegraph Operator.
I, WILLIAM PHILLIPS THOMPSON, F..S., M.I.M.E., of the Agency for Foreign
Patent Solicitors, 6, Lord Street, Liverpool, and 6, Bank Street, Manchester, both in
the County of Lancaster, and 323, High Holborn in the County of Middlesex,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:—
The invention relates to improvements in combined mortising and boring machines
adapted to be operated either by hand or other suitable power, and provided with
interchangeable attachments for the boring or cutting of either rectangular, or round
holes or imortises. The invention consists in providing a suitable upright frame,
pivoted to and angularly adjusted upon a supporting base, a sliding frame arranged in
the upright frame and carrying gearing, shafting and other operating mechanism to
which is detachably secured the mortising device, and by which it is operated and
advanced to its work. It consists essentially of parallel side pieces fitted with
sprocket wheels arranged between them at either end, and having, in the inner face
of each, an endless groove extending from end to end of the side piece and around
the sprocket wheels bearings. Fitted and adapted to run in said grooves are a series
of bars or sections arranged side by side with their ends respectively in the opposite
grooves and completely filling the entire length of the grooves. The sections are
recessed on their under sides to receive the sprockets of the sprocket wheels by
means of which the sections are forced or pushed around the ends of the grooves,
the other sections of the series being advanced along the grooves by the pushing
contact of the sections engage by the sprockets, whereby the continuous rotation of
the sprocket drive wheel imparts continuous movement to the series of sections around
the grooves. Secured to the several sections of the series are cutting attachments
more fully hereinafter described for cutting away a rectangular space in the material
operated upon,
the size of the space or mortise being determined by the length of the
sections and the distance between their upward and downward paths of movement.
The direction of the cut of the device is determined by adjusting the angle of the
upright frame and the speed is determined by the rapidity of the travel of the cutter
sections and the speed with which the device is advance: to its work.
all
The invention further consists in the construction and combination hereinafter
described and particularly pointed out in the claims.
In the accompanying drawings forming part of this specification
Figure 1 is a front view of the machine.
:-
Figure 2 is a horizontal section of the main and sliding frame, taken on the
line 2-2, Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a side view of the machine with one side of the main frame removed.
Figure 4 is a side view of the main frame showing its connection to the base.
Figure 5 is a view of the rack and gear for drawing the tool out of the hole.
Figure 6 is a central vertical section on an enlarged scale of the cutter frame or
mortising auger.
Figure 7 is a side view of the cutter frame with the power chain or carrier
removed.
Figure 8 is a detail face view of the cutter frame showing grooves for the cutter
carrier to run in, and
Figures 9, 10, 11 and 12 are the views of the different kinds of cutters and their
attachments to their supports or bearings.
In the drawings, A represents the base, from which rise the two standards B,
D

page_text: which, with their top connection C, constitute the main or supporting frame. This
frame is fastened to the base A by means of the hinges D allowing the entire frame
and all its attachments to swing back and forth to forin different angles with the
base A, the frame being held at the angle desired by the bolts E and the semi-
circular braces F.
The inner faces of the standards B are recessed as at B¹ most clearly shown in
Figure 2 of the drawings, in said recessed portions are secured the circular vertical
rods or guides G, upon which travels a vertically movable frame H.
This frame consists of the vertical side arms HH, the back and upper and lower
cross bars H2 H3 H4, which are provided with extensions 22 having apertured
heads ³ ³ which encircle the rods G as clearly shown in the drawings. Supported
by this frame H and depending therefrom is a cutter frame composed of two side
plates connected by the brace J (Figures 6 and 7) and detachably fastened to the
sliding frame H by the bolts K, as shown.
L denotes the main or driving shaft journalled in the sliding frame H, the ends of
which pass through vertical slots B3 in the standards B and have secured thereto the
cranks M.
Securely fastened to the drive shaft L is a bevel cog wheel O which gears into the
bevel cogs P secured to the speed and balance wheel Q which turns upon a stub
shaft set at right angles with the drive shaft L. and which is supported by the back H²
of the sliding frame.
The wheel Q is fitted with cogs upon its outer rim designed to engage with a cog
wheel R on the outer end of a shaft S which passes through the upper portion of
the side plates I, and which has formed thereon, between the two side plates, a gear
or sprocket wheel T for the purpose hereinafter described.
By following these connections, it will be seen that as a revolving motion is given
to the drive shaft L by turning the handles, the same motion at an increased velocity
will be imparted to the shaft S.
Passing through the lower portion of the side plates I is another shaft provided
with a similar sprocket wheel U, the ends of said shaft being flushed with the outer
of the side plates I.
Upon the inner faces of the side plates I, are formed endless grooves V (see
Figure 8) and with their ends fitting with and running in these grooves are a
number of bars or links W and X all separate and independent of each other, but
placed side by side so as to completely fill the grooves and pass over the sprocket
wheels TU, said links being provided at their inner meeting ends with segmental
grooves or depressions which form semi-circular shaped recesses in which project
the sprockets s, t on the wheels TU, said sprockets being formed of spherical
projections as shown, so that as the sprocket wheel T is caused to revolve the entire
chain of bars will be forced around in the grooves, each link pushing the one ahead
of it, thus forming a pushing chain which causes the lower sprocket wheel U to
revolve, constituting a power for driving the cutters.
Upon the bars or links W are fastened the cutters 1, 2, 3 and 4. These cutters
are so arranged that the one shown in Figure 9 will strike the wood first a little
in advance of the others, said cutters being provided on their outer edges with
projecting saw teeth I" " which serve to cut a furrow in the wood and sever the ends
of the chips to be removed.
The following cutters are provided with cutting edges of different widths each
taking out a small section, the cutter 4, which is provided with a central cutting
portion 4, serving to take out the centre or core part of the hole. By arranging
the knives in this manner, it will be seen that each succeeding knife will disconnect
and carry out the chips and shavings, the result being a clean smooth square hole or
mortise, the bottom being left (when not run clear through the timber) in the shape of
a half circle. The high rate of speed at which the cutters run and the distribution
of the work so that each cutter has but a small portion of material to remove causes
.this machine to do smooth accurate work, and to operate easily whether in dry or
-green, soft, hard or knotty wood.

page_text: Upon the drive shaft L is formed a worm thread Y arranged to engage a cog
wheel Z mounted upon a stub shaft z, secured to a projecting arm H' of the sliding
frame (see Figure 2) arranged at right angles with the drive shaft L, and attached to
and turning with this wheel is another cog wheel a which engages with a swinging
rack bar suspended from the top of the main frame c and passing through an
elongated slot in the top bar H³ of the sliding frame H and held in gear with the
cog wheel a.by means of an eccentric pin c² (Figures 1, 2, and 3) which can be turned
one fourth of the revolution by means of a hand lever d secured to the projecting end
of the pin which releases said rack bar from a fixed contact with the cog wheel a, the
aforesaid combination constituting the feed for regulating the progress of the tools in
the wood.
Secured to one of the standards B is a rack bar e (Figures 1, 3 and 5) held
by screws or pins 5, 5, which pass through elongated diagonally arranged slots e' el
in the bar e, said slots allowing the bar to be slid in and out of engagement with
a cog wheelf (see Figure 5) firmly secured upon the drive shaft L. By this
arrangement, it will be seen that the weight of the bar e will cause it to drop
into gear with the wheel f. To hold the same normally out of gear with said
wheel, a gravity lever_9, pivoted at one side of the standard B, is provided, its
short end engaging the lower end of the bar e and forcing the same up out of
gear. Thus, when the hole has been finished by releasing the rack bar bby
turning the lever d to disengage the eccentric pin, and by lifting the long end
of the gravity lever g to admit the bar e falling into gear with the wheel and
by turning the crank M backward, the tools will rapidly be drawn out of the hole.
Secured to the base A by means of thumb screws and bolts h, is an adjustable
sliding gauge i provided with longitudinal slot i¹ through which the bolts h
a depending lip which engages one face of the timber being operated on. By this
arrangement it will be seen that the machine can be held the desired distance from
the timber being operated upon.
pass,
and
Supported on the sliding frame H is a short shaft ; formed with an auger socket at
its lower end for holding a round auger, said shaft being revolved by having a cog
wheel k secured to it, which meshes into the cog wheel O on the drive shaft L.
To change the mortising machine into an ordinary boring machine, it is only neces
sary to detach the mortising augers or cutters by removing the bolts K, placing a
round auger in the socket, and throw the feed out of gear by turning the lever d, the
machine is then ready for boring round holes.
While the machine has been shown as operated by hand power, it is obvious that
the same may be run by steam or other power when it is designed for use in shops,
etcetera, where such power exists.
The superiority of the form of endless carrier above described over that of an
endless chain or link helt is that the sections, being solid bodies, can be used
efficiently for an indefinite time, that the carrier, being impelled by a pushing
instead of a pulling power, cannot be broken by any excessive strain or undue
wear as so frequently and often disastrously happens with link belts, and the
durability of the device depending on the strength of the sprockets and the guides
and not as with the link belt on the streugth of the weakest link which is con-
tinually by use made weaker. The power also is more efficiently applied in forcing
the cutters into and through the wood with this device than with a link belt,
because the cutter sections are firmly supported at both ends upon their guides or
the walls of the grooves, the wear upon which is insignificant, whereas with a belt,,
the strain is thrown upon the shaft of the sprocket wheel, which much more
rapidly wears and causes unevenness and looseness of movement between the parts
thus impairing the efficiency of the cutters in performing their work: As a result
of this improved construction very much closer and nicer adjustment can be made for
the cutters than by any other construction, which adjustment can be maintained an
indefinite time before the wear upon the bodies of the sections and the walls of the
guides will cause any appreciable variation. In addition, the simplicity of construction
makes the first cost of the apparatus much less than that of a chain or link belt

page_text: and being independent and separate, the sections are readily interchanged or others
substituted for any of them. These and other features of superiority in construction
serve to make practicable and successful what has been heretofore impracticable and
inefficient.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, as communicated to me
by my foreign correspondent, I declare that what I claim is :-
1. In a mortising machine, the combination of a series of independent bars or
sections arranged in endless grooves or channels, knives or cutters secured to
said bars and means for driving said bars, substantially as and for the purposes
set forth.
2. In a device of the class described, an endless carrier composed of independent
disconnected sections or bars, endless guides for said carrier, cutters arranged upon
said sections and to carry them forward in said guides, substantially as and for the
purposes set forth.
3. The combination of an endless carrier, composed of independent disconnected
sections or bars, guides engaging with and directing the course of movement of said
carrier, operating tools or attachments secured severally to said bars, and driving
mechanism engaging said bars successively and thereby pushing said carrier along
said guides, substantially as described.
4. The combination of an endless carrier composed of independent disconnected
sections or bars, guides engaging with and directing the course of movement of said
carrier, and driving mechanism engaging said bars successively, and thereby pushing
said carrier along said guides, substantially as described.
5. In a device of the class described, the combination with the described carrier, its
guides and driving mechanism, of cutters arranged upon the sections of said carrier,
substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
6. In a mortising machine, the combination with an endless carrier composed of
disconnected bars or sections, and grooves engaging the outer edge of said-sections, a
sprocket wheel engaging said sections and pushing the same along said grooves, cutters
arranged upon sections of said carrier having projecting spurs on their outer edges,
other cutters having cutting edges transverse of the line of cut of said spurs and
arranged upon other sections of said carrier, and mechanism for advancing said
carrier and its attachments and supports, substantially as and for the purposes set
forth.
7. In a device of the class described, a mortising auger detachably secured to the
frame of the machine, comprising in combination parallel side pieces having endless
grooves or channels arranged on their inner surfaces, and endless carrier composed of
disconnected bars or sections arranged in said grooves, cutters arranged upon the
sections of said carrier and adapted, as moved by said carrier, to cut away the material
in advance of and away from the sides and edges of said side pieces, sprockets
journalled in said side pieces and engaging with the sections of said carrier and
adapted to drive the same, and means for advancing said auger,, as and for the
purposes set forth.
8. In a device of the class described, a mortising auger detachably secured to and
depending from the frame thereof comprising in combination the side pieces I rigidly
secured parallel with each other and having endless grooves V arranged in their inner
faces, an endless carrier formed of the independent sections X W arranged in said
groove, sprockets T U journalled in' said side pieces and engaging with said sections,
spur cutters detachably secured to said sections W and knife edged cutters detachably
secured to said sections X and suitable means for driving said sprockets and
advancing said auger, as and for the purposes set forth.
Dated this 0th day of Mov 1800
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
Agents for the Applicant.