Improvements in Molds and Machines for the Manufacture of. Steel.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 16th Nov., 1895-Accepted, 4th Jan., 1896
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Molds and Machines for the Manufacture of.
Steel.
I, JOHN ILLINGWORTHI, o" 58 Park Place, in the City of Newark, County of
Essex, and State of New Jersey, United States of America, and doing business at
Harrison, County of Hudson, and said State of New Jersey, United States of
America, Manufacturer of Steel, do hereby declare the nature of this invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The objects of this invention are to make a more perfect ingot, facilitate the
operation of manufacturing the saine; to secure a more durable mold; to enable
the parts of the machine to be disconnected with greater facility, and to enable
certain parts to be packed and made impervious from time, to time, with ease and
quickness, and to secure other advantages and results, some of which may be
referred to hereinafter in connection with the description of the working parts.
The invention consists in the improved ingot casting machine, and in the
arrangements and combinations of parts of the same, all substantially as will be
hereinafter set forth and finally embraced in the clauses of the claim.
Referring to the accompanying drawings, in which like letters indicate
corresponding parts in each of the several figures,
Figure is a side elevation of the improved machine; Figure 2 is an end elevation
of the same, and Figure 3 is a plan thereof;
Figure 4 is a vertical section of a portion of the machine;
Figure 5 is a horizontal section, and Figures 6, 7, 8 and 9 are details of certain
portions of the mold, all of which will be bereinafter more fully explained.
In said drawings, a indicates a bed plate having fastened thereon a vertical
support h, to the latter of which is secured, on opposite sides thereof, mold
sections c, c.
Said mold sections are fastened to said vertical support by bolts b,
which pass through ears formned on the said vertical support and said mold sections
as shown in Figure 1. Toward the base of the support is also secured, by bolts or
other means, water jacketed base pieces e, the water jacket chambers thereof
extending around a central opening, through which the ingot is allowed to gravitate
to points below, as will be understood upon reference to Figure 4.
The said base pieces e, are elevated above the bed plate, a, and serve as bearings
on which the ingots, extending downward therefrom, are broken by the hydraulic
severing device, hereinafter referred to.
At a little distance from the opposite mold sections c,c, facing the same, are
arranged hydraulic cylinders f, f, held in proper relative positions by heavy
supports g; g', and braces h, held by bolts so that they may be easily and quickly
detached from said cylinders and from the central support b.
From the cylinders, hydraulic pistons, i, extend toward the mold sections c;
and to said pistons are attached mold sections k, which corresponds with and are
adapted to lie close to the sections r, and form the vertical mold chambers, 4,
therewith. Said section k, are horizontally separable from the sections c, and are
movable to and from the same by the power exerted by hydraulic devices.
Said pistons, i, are in sections, separable from one another. In each piston,
j, indicates the piston rod having the usual piston head within the cylinder adapted
to be forced back and forth therein by water, let into said cylinder on opposite
sides of said head, through ducts 1, 1, the How of water being controlled by three
way cocks
Fig. 1, or other suitable form of valve in any usual manner, and j¹ an
m,

page_text: outside bearing head having a boss n, Fig. 4, adapted to receive the outer end of
the rod, j. The parts are connected by a tapering piu o, which may be driven
transversely through the rod and boss to hold the parts together, or be quickly
driven out to allow of a detachment of parts. The portions of the pistons present
long and substantial bearings for the mold sections, and are held to the latter by
couplings q of any suitable construction.
The outer ends of the cylinders, or the ends away from the molds are provided
with removable heads p, which, when removed, allow of a quick access to the
piston heads within the cylinders when, the tapering pins o, are removed, and the
parts, uncoupled.
By this construction, very considerable time is saved when packing the interior
piston head to prevent leakage from one side of said head to the other, work
horetofore requiring many hours to complete, now being accomplished in a few
minutes.
The sections c, c, are fixed in vertical lines, one above the other, upon the
support h, and the separable sections k, k, corresponding therewith are likewise in,
vertical lines, and being connected to the pistons are thus movable to and from the
fixed sections under the power exerted by said pistons. The ducts and valvos
being so arranged in connection with said pistons and cylinders that the upper and
lower movable.sections of each pair may be moved to and from the fixed sections
together.
The mold sections are each provided with a water jacket, by which the molten-
metal is cooled. more or less rapidly, the said jackets being also provided with
pipes or ducts; by which the warm water is removed from and the cold water
conveyed to the chambers around the mold chamber.
The chambers formed in the lower separable sections are preferably smaller in
the line of separation, so that when the ingot formed in the upper chamber is.
dropped into the lower chamber, and the movable lower section is forced to its
closed position, there will be not only a direct contact of the said sections with the
semi-hardened ingot, but, also a compression, serving in connection with the other
Jeatures of the invention in preventing any "pipe" of central longitudinal fault.in
the ingot due to the contraction of the metal in cooling.
The sections c, c, and k, k, of each pair are V-shaped in cross section as shown
in Figures 5, 7 and 9 and so avoid wall lines of the mold chamber parallel with.
the lines of separating movement which would tend to bind the ingot in the
chamber, as will be understood.
"
The water jacketed sections are lurthermore, of peculiar construction in that
the parts are interchaugeable and are strengthened to enable them to compress.
the ingot as hereinafter more fully described.
The peculiarities of the construction are illustrated more clearly in the detail
Figs. 4to 9, where indicates au outer casing, which is open at one side to
receive the matrix portion, s, and at the opposite ends is provided with,
recesses ¹, Fig. 6, into which the end ribs, s', of the said matrix portions, are
closely fitted so as to make impervious joints, or joints sufficiently impervious for
the purpose. Said matrix portion, s, has the V-shaped part, t,. in which the ingot
is formed and at the back is longitudinally ribbed, as at u, at the longitudinal
angle. It is also provided with longitudinal flanges, at the opposite longitudinal
edges, which are formed to engage.corresponding flanges , on the casing. To
strengthen the matrix portion still further, whereby, they are better fitted to
resist the compressing operation effectively, it is provided with a series of trans-
verse.
e ribs, wo, of which the end, ribs fit the recesses r, as above described and the
intermediate ribs bear against the inner wall of the casing. The said intermediate
ribs are arched, as shown clearly in Figs. 6 and 7. The arches being integral
with said V-shaped portion at the edges and at the intermediate angle.
Openings, 3,. are formed under the arches, between them and the oppositely
inclined sides of the V-shaped portion, t, which allow a free flow of the cooling.
liquid therethrough.
.

page_text: The matrix. portions of the lower sections are formed in the ingot chamber, 4,
as shown in Fig. 5; where the angles are shown. to be cored out or cut away, as.
at 5, 5, so that there will be no bearing of the cooling surfaces. upon the corners
of the ingot.. Thus said corners are not cooled with undue rapidity.. The ingot:
is broken, as it is lowered from time to time, by the hydraulic cylinder, and,
piston 6 and 7.
In operating the invention, the parts being in the relative positions shown in,
Figure 1, the ingot, where it projects below the bearing e, is broken or severed.
from the upper part by means of the hydraulic piston 7,,a charge of liquid metal
having been poured in at the top of the mold to replace the metal lowered;
in the mold, in bringing the said downwardly projecting ingot to the position
shown.
In breaking or severing the ingot, the piston 7 is forced forward, and the ingot:
lying between rollers or bearings of said, piston is bent sharply over the bearing e,;
so that the ingot weakened by a cold chut due to a break, in the continuity; of,
pouring, is broken at said chut or fault, as will be understood.
While the ingot is being broken, the opposite mold of the pair is being, filled,
and allowed to cool preparatory to lowering.. The forward movement of the
piston 7,. in. breaking the ingot as described, brings it into line with the mold,
chamber of the second mold, and so when the ingot therein is lowered.it,falls into.
a second recess or opening now in line with the chamber of said second mold.
The second, ingot having, been lowered into. proper relation to the hydraulic,.
piston 7, the latter is given its return action, breaking the second ingot, and
bringing the said piston into position to receive a third ingot in the position of the
first, all as will be evident.
F
The downward movements of the ingots in the mold chambers are stopped by the
downwardly projecting portions engaging the floor or bed plate. A charge of
liquid metal having been poured, after one of the lowering actions above described,
after, the same has been allowed to cool to a.sufficient extent, the movable mold
sections are drawn back and the mold chamber opened so that the ingot will
gravitate of its own weight. A. return movement of said movable section closes the
chambers and compresses the upper ingot portion which is still more or less fluid.
interiorly and the compression serves to prevent the piping action referred to.
By means of the bearing e, being water jacketed, the same is prévented from:
becoming unduly heated by the frequently lowered ingots and thus there is no
danger of breakage under the strain imposed by the severing piston.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In an ingot machine, the combination with the bed a, support b, mold
sections c, c, fixed vertically upon the opposite sides of said support, movable mold
sections corresponding with said fixed sections and forming vertical mold chambers
therewith, the upper mold chambere at each side of the support being larger than
the lower ones, and the lower sections serving to compress the ingot, substantially
as set forth.
2. In an ingot machine, the combination with the bed a, vertical support b,
fixed mold sections and a water jacketed bearing e, fastened to said support, the
fixed sections being arranged above said water jacketed bearing, separable mold
sections arranged to move to and from engagement with the fixed sections, hydraulic
pistons and cylinders and means for supplying the same with water to cause the
movement to and from the fixed mold sections and a piston and hydraulic cylinder
arranged below the water jacketed bearing e, and adapted to engage the downwardly
extending ingot to sever the same, substantially as set forth.
3. In an ingot machine, the combination with the bed a, vertical support b,
fixed mold sections and a water jacketed bearing fastened to said support, said fixed
sections being arranged above said water jacketed bearing, and said bearing being

page_text: arranged above said' bed', an' open space being formed' between, separable mold
sections corresponding with said fixed' mold'sections and movable to and from the
same, hydraulic cylinders fastened to supports opposite said' movable sections, and
having removable heads'p on the outer side or sides farther from said sections,
pistons working' in'said cylinders and removably secured to said movable sections,
means for supplying said cylinders with water, a severing piston and oylinder and
means for operating the former, all said parts being arranged and operating,
substantially as add for the purposes set forth.
4 In an ingot machine, the combination with the bed a; vertical support b
having ears, vertically disposed mold sections having corresponding enrs, bolts
fastening said mold' sections on opposite sides of said support, bearings e, e, beneath'
said sections and above said bed plate, spaces for severing the ingot being forinted'
beneath, movable mold sections corresponding with the fixed' sections, cylinders,
pistons, and water ducts, and valves for controlling the operation of said movable
mold sections and a bydraulic cylinder and piston' arranged and' adapted' to 'sever
the ingot standing on opposite sides of said central support in its' reciprocal
movements, substantially as and for the purposes set forth!
5. The combination with the bed plate and vertical support, of mold' section'
casings bolted on opposite sides of said support, V-shaped mold portions arranged
within said casings and having ribs arranged. at the longitudinal angles and, at
various points in their lengths, having transverse archesiq, serving to strengthen
the V-shaped portions, and movable'mold sections having similar casings," V-shaped
portions, ribs and arches, and means for operating said movable portions and for
severing the ingot, substantially as set forth.
JOHN ILLINGWORTH.
Haseltine; Lake & Co.,
45 Southampton-Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant: