IMPROVE- MENTS IN BATTERIES FOR GENERATING ELECTRICITY, AND IN APPARATUS FOR CONVERTING THE QUANTITY THEREOF INTO INTENSITY
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Julius Thomsen, of Copenhagen, in the Kingdom
of Denmark, Professor of Chemistry, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN BATTERIES FOR GENERATING ELECTRICITY, AND IN APPARATUS FOR
CONVERTING THE QUANTITY THEREOF INTO INTENSITY."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION filed by the said Julius Thomsen at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
19th August 1864.
I, JULIUS THOMSEN, of Copenhagen, in the Kingdom of Denmark,
Professor of Chemistry, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BATTERIES FOR GENERATING ELECTRICITY, AND IN
APPARATUS FOR CONVERTING THE QUANTITY THEREOF INTO INTENSITY," to be as
follows:-
::
This Invention consists of certain improvements in the construction of
batteries for the purpose of generating electricity, and in apparatus con
nected therewith, for the purpose of converting the quantity of electricity so
generated into intensity."
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page_text: The battery consists of a box made from insulating material, and divided
by plates of platinum or platinized metal or carbon. The cells between the
plates contain sulphuric acid or any other conductive substance dissolved in
water.
In order to produce the electric current the surface of each plate is charged
on one side with oxygen, and on the other side with hydrogen, which is.
obtained by sending successively an electrical current through each separate
cell, by means of which the water is decomposed, and consequently the oxygen
is coated or charged on one side of the plate of the cell, and the hydrogen on
the side of the plate on the other side of the cell. The apparatus by which
this is obtained is the "dispensatory," consisting of a flat ring made from
insulating material, on which the same number of radial wire or plates of
metal is applied as the battery contains of plates, so that each wire or plate is
connected with a corresponding plate in the battery. Through the middle of
the ring is placed an axle, which receives a slow rotatory movement by means
of an electro-magnetic machine, springwork, or some suitable mechanical
motive power. Two conductors are affixed to this axle, which communicate
with the two poles of a common galvanic apparatus. The electrical current
from the galvanic apparatus is thus sent through that cell the platinum plates
of. which communicate with the two wires in.connection with the poles of the
galvanic apparatus, and by which means the water is decomposed into oxygen
and hydrogen, which deposits on or charges the platinum plates. By the
rotation of the axle the poles of the galvanic apparatus" are successively
brought into metallic communication with all the plates in the battery, and
when the axle has made an entire rotation all the plates are charged. In
this state the battery, contains, the following series of the above-named
materials, Platinum, oxygen, acid, hydrogen, platinum, and so on, in the
same range, and the battery is equal to the same number. of usual
galvanic elements. The battery is in this state in working order, and
produces a constant electrical current as long as the rotation of the dispen-
sator is kept up.
The conversion of the quantity of electricity into intensity is consequently
obtained in the following manner, that one single ordinary galvanic element
is capable of producing the quantity of electricity which is necessary to charge
continuously all the cells of this battery, and that the electro-motive power of
this battery depends on the number of cells which the same contains, and
which may be increased to any given number, so that the intensity of the
current increases in the same ratio as the number of the cells, the exac

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Julius Thomsen in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
18th February 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JULIUS
THOMSEN, of Copenhagen, in the Kingdom of Denmark, Professor of Chemistry,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Nineteenth day of August, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-eighth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Julius Thomsen, Her special licence that I, the said Julius.
Thomsen; my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Julius Thomsen, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make; use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for " IMPROVEMENTS IN
BATTERIES FOR GENERATING ELECTRICITY; AND IN APPARATUS FOR CONVERTING THE
QUANTITY THEREOF INTO INTENSITY," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said Julius Thomsen, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Julius Thomsen, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
.
This Invention consists of certain improvements in the construction of
batteries for the purpose of generating electricity, and in apparatus con-
nected therewith, for the purpose of converting the quantity of electricity so
generated into electricity.

page_text: The battery consists of a box made from insulating material, and divided,
by plates of platinum or platinized metal or carbon. The cells between the
plates contain sulphuric acid or any other conductive substance dissolved in
water.
In order to produce the electric current the surface of each plate is charged
on one side with oxygen, and on the other side with hydrogen, which is
obtained by sending successively an electrical current. through each separate
cell, by means of which the water is decomposed, and consequently the
oxygen is coated or charged on one side of the plate of the cell, and the
hydrogen on the side of the plate on the other side of the cell. The appa-
ratus by which this is obtained is the "dispensatory," consisting of a flat ring
made from insulating material, on which the same number of radial wires or
plates of metal is applied as the battery contains of plates; so that each wire
or plate is connected with a corresponding plate in the battery. Through the
middle of the ring is placed an axle, which receives a slow rotatory movement
by means of an electro-magnetic machine, springwork, or
some suitable
mechanical motive power. Two conductors are affixed to this axle, which
communicate with the two poles of a common galvanic apparatus. The
electrical current from the galvanic apparatus is thus sent through that cell-
the platinum plates of which communicate with the two wires in connection
with the poles of the galvanic apparatus, and by which means the water is
decomposed into oxygen and hydrogen, which deposits on or charges the
platinum plates. By the rotation of the axle the poles of the galvanic
apparatus áre successively brought into metallic communication with all the
plates in the battery, and when the axle has made an entire-rotation all the
plates are charged. In this state the battery contains the following series of
the above-named materials: Platinum, oxygen, acid, hydrogen, platinum, and
so on, in the 'same range; and the battery is equal to the same number of
usual galvanić elements. The battery is in this state in working order,
and produces a constant electrical current as long as the rotation of the
dispensator is kept up.
is
The conversion of the quantity of electricity into intensity is consequently
obtained in the following manner 'and principle, viz., tliat one single ordi-
nary galvanic element is capable of producing the quantity of electricity which
6 necessary to charge continuously all the cells of this battery, and that the
electro-motive power of this battery depends on the number of cells which the
same contains, and which may be increased to any given- number, so that
the intensity of the current increases in the same ratio.as the number of cells,

page_text: the exact proportion being that the electro-motive power of the battery
corresponds for each cell to one and a half of the piles of "Daniell's."
I claim the "Improvements in Batteries for Generating Electricity, and in
Apparatus for Converting the Quantity thereof into Intensity," substantially
as herein specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said Julius Thomsen, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Eleventh day of February, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five.
JULIUS THOMSEN. (L.S.)