Improvements in or relating to Arresters for Sparks, Ashes, and the like.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 19th Nov., 1896-Accepted, 19th Dec., 1838
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Arresters for Sparks, Ashes, and
the like.
1, HUGO JOHN, Manufacturer of the Firm of J. A. John, of Pilse 8, Erfurt in the
Empire of Germany, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
In the apparatus for arresting soot, ashes and sparks there is arranged over the
chinney a receiver, in the interior of which is placed an arresting plate in such
manner as to leave on either side in the interior of the receiver a free space or
passage and to utilise the draught in the chimney to produce a compression of air
under the plate and rarification above it. In this manner the divided columns of
air at both sides of the plate and surrounding it will be caused to deposit the solid
particles which they carry, in the space where the air is rarefied, that is to say on
the upper surface of the plate. Moreover, there arises a third column of air
separated from the main column of the draught, which by striking against the
undur side of the receiver will be reversed or diverted and thus will be caused to
throw the solid particles which it carries on a roof-shaped projection under the
arresting plates from which projection they fall on to an inclined surface and,
together with the solid particles falling from the arresting plate, collect and valle
down in a receiver from whence they may be removed at desired intervals. At the
same time secondary currents produced by the division of the draught into separate
columns, cause all the rest of the solid particles carried by the draught to be
drawn against the walls of the box and to be delivered in like manner into the
receiver, so that only the smallest, almost invisible, particles can escape into the
atmosphere.
The working and construction of the apparatus will be better understood from
an examination of the following drawings, in which,
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of the spark-arrester.
Figure 2 is a cross-section of the same.
Figure 3 is a horizontal cross-section on line A B.
Figure 4 is a horizontal cross-section on liue C D on Figures 1 and 2.
The apparatus as placed on the chimney has a short tube a which is secured to
the brickwork. This tube a projects into the apparatus which has a
casing b of
any desired square rectangular, round or oval cross-section. The casing terminates
at the lower end in an inwardly extending flange o which rests flat upon the brick-
work of the chimney and at its upper end in a conical part e to which is secured a
pipe or top c'. The casing & is provided on one side with a tube having an
inclined part d to which is connected in an air-tight manner, the pipe d. This
pipe d' is connected at its lower end to a receiver which may be arranged in
any desired place, such for instance as on the floor in the passages, halls or cellars,
said receiver being provided in its bottom with a hermetically closing valve or
door e'.
Within the casing there is arranged an inclined surface or plate finclined at
an angle of about 45° towards the tube d in which plate fa hole is cut at the place
where the chimney pipe a enters the size of the hole depending on the size of the
said pipe. At its upper end the plate fis provided with an arched projectiou f

page_text: sloping towards both sides of the back wall of the casing b. This inclined plate
surrounds the end of the part of the pipe a projecting into the apparatus and
extends to the wall of the casing and is also secured in a suitable manner to the
tube a.
Over the inclined plate f is arranged the arresting plate g.
This forms &
foundation plate on which are mounted two plates g g so as to be capable of
adjustment in a transverse direction. The width of the arresting plate is not
equal to that of the interior of the casing, so that the rising column of air can
pass on both sides of said plate the regulat ng plates 99 are used to alter the
cross section of the free passage for air on en side of the arresting plate. For
this purpose the plates al g' in the cerstruction ilustrated in Figures 1 and 2 are
held by the bent edge are fixed in their position by thumb screws g¸ 9º.
When close together the regulating plates g'g' cover the arresting plate g but they
may moved away from each other in order to increase the surface of the plate.
For this purpose they are provided with slots g and g'.
In apparatus in which the casing is of a round or elliptical cross-section, the
regulating plates g' g are of such shape that their outline or edge is approximately
parallel to the inner shape of the walls of the casing.
The arresting plate g thus covers one part of the opening in the casing. It is
mounted so as to be capable of rotating on a spindle i supported at h' h³ on the
casing b.
At its lower end is secured a chain which passes downwards and is used for
turning the arresting plate on its pivot. At its upper end the plate is provided
with a weight k having the shape of a hammer or of other suitable shape, which in
this case also balances the weight of the chain. In the reduced pipe c there is
arranged an anvil & against which the hammer of the arresting plate y is adapted
to strike when the latter is turned, whereby the arresting plate g and also the
casing are shaken.
In order to obtain a convenient access to the apparatus there is provided in its
eide wall a man-hole m haring a cover or door m².
Figures 5, 6, 7, and 8 show detail and modified views of the apparatus.
The operation of the apparatus is as follows:-
The arresting plate g presents a resistance to the solid particles carried by the
rising column of air as it partially closes the outlet of the chimney, and the rising
column of air must strike against it.
In this manner the air at the lower side of the arresting plate becomes as is well
known compressed and at the upper side a corresponding rarefaction of air takes
place. The column of air is by this plate divided into three columns or waves.
The two main columns 1 and 2 of equal size (see Figures 5 and 6) pass upwards
around the arresting plate on both sides of its whole leugth and escape through the
free passage between the arresting plate and the casing. Close to the upper
surface of the arresting plate these two principal air column come into the
immediate proximity of the rarefied space (Figure 5). The solid particles
contained in these waves are sucked or drawn into the rarefied space and deposited
on the inclined surface of the arresting plate, from whence they slide in consequence
of their own weight into the pipe d and from there into the receiver e. The air
coluinns which have again joined together are forced out, by the air following,
towards the outlet of the apparatus and from there iuto the atmosphere, while the
subsequent coluinns of air again combine in the manner described.
A third air wave rises under the inclined arresting plate strikes at the upper end
of it against the opposite vertical wall of the casing which reverses its direction
and, in consequence of the eddies produced the solid particles contained in the
air are thrown on to the roof-like projection of the inclined plate f, from
whence they roll down into the pipe d and from there into the receiver e. The
liquid particles contained in the third wave enter partly and in a purified state
into the first and second waves and are carried by these into the atmosphere.
In consequence of the division of the air column into three waves and in

page_text: consequence of the alteration of the direction of movement of the air column the
last remaining particles carried by said column are forced against the inner wall of
the casing 6 by small currents 4 and 5 (see Figure 5) being formed which produce
eddy currents exactly like the third air-wave, the particles of which are also
discharged.
In this way all solid and liquid particles remain in the interior of the apparatus
and all sparks are extinguished only the gases containing very fine dust particles
hardly visible to the eye are allowed to escape into the atmosphere where they are
thoroughly distributed by the air currents in consequence of their very light
weight.
On the arresting plate 9 which is inclined at a considerable angle and on the
inclined plate fall the soot ashes sparks and generally all the solid particles slide
down and fall through the pipe into the receiver from where they are removed
at desired intervals.
This sliding down into the receiver is considerably assisted by a slight vacuum
being produced in the closed air tight box e and the pipe d in consequence of the
draught in the chimuey as the pipe is in communication with the chimuey. The
solid particles are therefore to a certain extent sucked into the pipe d.
The apparatus acts therefore very well without the slightest disturbance of
the draught in the chimney that is to say without having to work with forced
draught.
By altering the width of the arresting plate an alteration or diminution of the
volume of the escaping air current in the apparatus can be effected thereby
regulating the draught in the chimney.
The arresting plate 9 is preferably arranged so as to be capable of being moved
in order to first not to impede the cleaning of the chimney as it can be conveniently
swept and the apparatus cleaned from the top when the arresting plate is raised
by means of a broom or from below by ordinary means and secondly to use the
movable arresting plate for the periodical cleaning of the apparatus since by
sharply pulling the chain and thus causing the hammer k to strike against the
anvil the arresting plate g as well as the whole apparatus is shaken so that tho
Foot is shaken off from both und glides down the surfaces gf into the pipe d.
The apparatus may be used in any desired manner for one or for several
chimneys arranged one over the other the pipes d of two or several chimneys
preferably merging in the latter caso into one pipe (Figures 7 and 8). The pipe c
may be connected at the top with a soot and air drawing device or with a hood
protecting it against the wind.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
1. A device for arresting soot ashes and sparks consisting of an arresting plate
arranged over and parallel to an inclined plate in the casing of the apparatus on
both sides of which arresting plate are left free passages so that said plate retards
and depresses the column of air rising in the chimney and thereby produces above
it a rarefaction of air so that the solid particles carried by the combustion gases
are deposited or drawn into the rarefied space, which particles then pass down the
arresting plate and enter into an exit pipe and the combustion gases rising upwards
along the under side of the inclined arresting plate aro caused by the striking
against the walls of the casing and the cousequeut reversal of the direction of
their flow to deposit the solid particles which thoy carry on the inclined plate f.
from whence they pass into the exit pipe substantially as described.
2. In a spark and soot arresting device of the character described the arrangement
of an inclined plate f surrounding the pipe a or chimney extension and provided
at its upper part with a roof like projection f¹ said inclined plato extending to
the inner wall of the casing substantially as described.
3. In the sout and spark arresting device of the character described the

page_text: arrangement on the arresting plate of adjustable lateral plates for the purpose of
altering the size of the passage for the air currents substantially as described.
4. The modification of a soot and spark arresting device of the character
described consisting in the arresting plate being arranged so as to turn about a
pivot and provided at its other end with a projection which when the arresting
plate is turned on its pivot by a chain or otherwise strikes against a stop on the
casing so that the shock causes the soot particles to fall on to the arresting plate and
from thence into the exit pipe.
5. The combination and arrangement of parts forming a complete spark and
Root arresting device substantially as described and illustrated in Figures 1, 2, 3,
and 4 of the accompanying drawings.
6. The combination and arrangement of two or more spark and soot arresting
devices of the character described having exit tubes d d' leading into a common
tube and collecting box e substantially as described and illustrated in Figures 7
and 8 of the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 10th don of Nawanshan 1806
BOULT & WADE,
Agents for the Applicant.