Year: 1896

page_text: T, JAMES WEIR, of Holm Foundry, Cathcart in the County of Renfrew, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to certain improvements in tubulous steam boilers the object
of saine being to increase the efficiency by obtaining a more complete combustion
of the fuel, and to render them safer against damage by overheating, and easier of
access for examination.
My invention is applicable to tubulous boilers of the type where the upper and
lower horizontal drums are connected by tubes, the tubes forming the principal
heating surface.
According to my invention, the lower ends of the tubes are fixed in the lower
horizontal drums or shells, and are divided into two groups, one group being carried
over the furnace, and led up into and fixed in the upper drum, while the tubes
forming the other group are carried towards the front and led up and into the upper
drum. By this arrangement or combination of tubes I obtain a sufficient enclosed
space between the two groups of tubes to form an efficient combustion chamber, the
walls of the combustion chamber being formed by the tubes and by fire brick tiles or
other non-combustible material made up into walls or baffles to close up the spaces
and form bridges for the admission and escape of the gases to and from the coin-
bustion chamber. The furnace is arranged at a lower level than the lower horizontal
drun, and it is fired through below it. The flame and gases from the fire pass up
amongst and along the furnace or back group of tubes, and over the bridge into the
combustion chamber, where they have room and time to mix and combine with the
air. The gases then pass out of the chamber beneath a further bridge in the front
group if desired, circulate through such group, and on towards the chinney. I also
provide openings fitted with doors to admit air to the front group of tubes, for the
purpose of diminishing the draught and damping down the fires in cases such as
when the engines are stopped with heavy fires on, and in this manner render. the..
tubes-less liable to damage. The two groups of tubes forming the combustion
chamber may either be led directly into the upper drum or some or all inay cross
each other before entering. I also provide legs or extensions on the lower drums,
for supporting the boiler, which are inade hollow, and form receptacles for dirt. By
preference I arrange the tubes in the upper and lower drums in parallel rows
circumferentially, for the purpose of localising leakage at their junction with the
drums. The boiler inay be enclosed in an outer casing lined with incombustible
inaterial, in the usual manner, and be supplied with the usual mountings and
fittings.
1000
PHILIP M. JUSTICE,
Chartered Patent Agent, London, for the Applicant

page_text: I, JAMES WEIR, of Holm Foundry, Cathcart, in the County of Renfrew, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
My invention relates to certain improvements in tubulous steam boilers, the object
of same being to increase the efficiency by obtaining a more complete combustion of
the fuel and to render them safer against damage by overheating and easier of access
for examination.
In the accompanying drawings Figs. 1 to 13 show in transverse section various
arrangements of parts by which my invention may be carried into effect.
In all the figures the same reference letters are used to indicate corresponding
parts.
According to my invention the lower ends of the tubes are fixed in the lower
horizontal drumns or shells B and are divided into two groups C and D, the group C
being carried over the furnace E and led up into and fixed in the upper drum A:
while those forming the other or front group D are carried towards the front and led
up into and fixed in the upper drum A. By this arrangement or combination of
tubes I obtain an enclosed space between the two groups of tubes C and D sufficient
to form an efficient combustion chainber G.
The walls of said combustion chamber are formed by the tubes and by fire brick
tiles or other non-combustible material closing up the spaces between the tubes.
These walls or baffles I, are arranged to permit the entrance of the gases through a
contracted opening M into the combustion chamber G from whence they escape by
means of an outlet N. The furnace E is arranged at a lower level than the lower
horizontal drum B and is fired through the door F situated below the drum.
The flames and gases from the fire E pass up amongst and along the furnace or
back group
of tubes C and over the bridge through the narrow opening M into the
wide combustion chamber G where a whirling or eddying action is secured and where
prior to escape they have room and time to mix and combine with the air so as to
secure a very efficient combustion. The gases then pass out of the chamber G
beneath a further bridge through the opening N in the front group of tubes D and
circulate through such group and on towards the chimney H as shown in Figs. 1. 2.
3. 4. 6. 8. 9. 10. 11. or if desired inay follow the course shown by the arrows in
Figs. 5 and 7 in which group D is somewhat separated so as to form a second chamber
or flue. The gases in this construction would inake a double traverse amongst the
tubes after leaving the combustion chamber G before being discharged into the
chimney.
cases.
In Figs. 11, 13, the two groups of tubes forming the combustion chamber are
crossed over before being led into the upper drum A, or as in Fig. 12 one or more
rows of such group may be crossed The gases are directed by the walls to take the
course shown by the arrows whereby their combustion is effected as in the other
The crossing of the tubes, however, introduces some defects such as, prevent-
ing the withdrawal of any defective tube except by removing other sound ones; also
when sing bituminous coal the liability to collect sont where the tubes cross is
increased and greater difficulty is experienced in cleaning. The tubes are arranged
in parallel rows circumferentially and the parallel spaces between them are made
equal or slightly greater than the outside diameter of the tubes to permit of the
withdrawal of any defective tube through this space. By increasing the number of
the groups of tubes shown in the figures, in a longitudinal direction the required size
of boiler is obtained.

page_text: The relative number of tubes in the two groups and D may be varied, but in all
cases it is preferable to have the D group greatest. The C group may even be
reduced to a single row, with particular advantage when using inferior bituminous
fuel. When tubes of different diameter are used the largest should be put in the
group C next the furnace.
The boiler may be enclosed in a casing in the usual inanner, lined with non-
combustible material, the transverse wall of the furnaces and combustion chambers
being by preference of fire brick. Where extreme lightness is desired water tubes
could be used as shown by dotted lines in Fig. 2, also the combustion chamber walls
may be formed of tubes as shown Fig. 9. The single fronted boiler shown in
Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 11, 12, may be set back to back as shown in Fig. 5 and the back
walls and back casing dispensed with..
Openings fitted with doors K are made in the outer casing J to admit air to the
front group of tubes D for the purpose of diminishing the draught and damping
down the fires in cases such as when the engines are stopped, with heavy fires on,
and thus rendering the tubes less liable to damage. The openings K may also be
used for cleaning purposes.
The hollow legs or extensions L form receptacles for dirt and are also used for
supporting the boiler.
The usual manhole doors are arranged in the drums and the ordinary boiler
mountings are fitted.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
1. In tubulous steam boilers the improved arrangement of parts so as to form
combustion chambers substantially as herein before described and as shown in the
accompanying drawings.
2. In tubulous steam boilers the combination and disposition of the furnaces and
combustion chambers substantially as described an as shown in accompanying
drawings.
3. The improvements in tubulous steam boilers substantially as hereinbefore
described and as illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Dated 9 September 1897.
PHILIP M. JUSTICE,
55 Chancery Lane, London, Chartered Patent Agent, for Applicant.