Improved Means Applicable for Use in Preserving, Aerating and "Storing Liquids or Substances."
Year: 1899

page_text: ...
Date of Application, 6th Mar., 1899-152IT
Complete Specification. Left,, 8th Jan. 1900-Accepted 10th Feb., 1900
d
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION:*****
1.) at guita
Improved Means Applicable for Use in Preserving, Aerating and
"Storing Liquids or Substances." 1 ira
'I, RICHARD GRAINGER NASHI, of Finnstown House,' Lucan, near Dublin,
Ireland, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to improved means for preserving and storing liquids or
substances, the object being to effect, the cleansing or purifying, the sterilising,
and the bottling or other means of storing by a continuous process in which the
liquid or substance is precluded from contact with the atmosphere from the
commencement to the termination of the treatment.
In applying my improved method to the treatment of milk, by way of example,
the liquid to be treated is strained by causing the same to traverse a tank divided
into compartments by means of partitions each partition being provided with a
-strainer as described in the Specification to my Letters Patent, No. 13,712 of 1894.
The outlet from the last compartment of the straining tank is provided with a
removeable nipple for retaining sediment in the tank.
The milk is conducted from this tank by a pipe whereof one, branch leads to a
receptacle or receptacles for the further retention of sediment and the other to a
filter containing a mass of fine sterilized sand of uniform grain; the milk being
caused to circulate in the lower compartment of the said filter in such a manner
that any sediment or like impurities which still remain in the milk may be
precipitated therein, and then to pass upwards through the mass of sterilized
sand. The sand is retained in' position by an upper and a lower diaphragm of
gauze or perforated plate. The top of the filter is provided with an air-tight lid,
and the bottom may be made removeable. The filtration having been completed,
the liquid is conducted by a pipe leading from the upper part of the filter to the
lower end of a heater; the liquid being subjected to agitation during the heating
by means of a suitably constructed stirrer. A pipe fitted in the cover of the
heater, and in communication outwardly with a receiver for containing sterilizing
medium and, inwardly, with a ball-valve permits ingress to and egress from the
heater of sterilized air: After being filtered and heated tlie liquid is conducted
into one or another of a series of vessels enclosed in a suitable casing the latter
being provided with a coil for the admission of steam whereby the temperature of
the milk during the time it remains in the enclosed vessels may be maintained
for the requisite period of time for effecting sterilization. The cover of each
vessel is furnished with a pipe and ball-valve similar to that described with
reference to the heater. The ball-valve should be so arranged 'as ito allow the
liquid to fill the said vessels completely. Towards the lower end of each vessel
there is provided a two-way cock, the several cocks lieing connected together by
suitable means, such as chain gearing, so that while the contents are being drawn

page_text: off from the first receptacle the last receptacle is being filled and vice versa.
Clockwork mechanism may be employed to operate the cocks at predetermined
periods. The liquid is then cooled by means of a refrigerator. The liquid enters
the refrigerator directly from the heat equalising tank and trickles down into a
collecting space, a current of sterilized air or gas, or sterilized air and gas or a
mixture of sterilized gases being meanwhile induced in an opposite direction by
any suitable means, such, for instance, as a Körting pump... This induced current
of sterilized air or gas may be caused to pass through a flavouring medium, a
flavour being imparted upon the commixtion of such gas with the liquid. The
refrigerator may be a circular structure and comprise a spirally corrugated conical
wall surrounded at a short distance by a similar spirally corrugated wall having
its prominences opposed to the depressions in the inner wall. The inner side of
the central wall and the outer side of the external wall are each furnished with
a water jacket having, the inlet at the lowest part and the outlet at the highest,
the cooling fluid completely traversing the spirally corrugated surfaces.
bottom of the space between the two walls is a perforated coil for supplying the
sterilized air or gas; the outer extremity of the coil may be provided with a
suitable nozzle (similar to that previously described) or the outer extremity may
be in connection with a suitable supply of gas or mixture of gases. The base of
this apparatus may be arranged as a temporary reservoir for the sterilized liquid;
an air-tight lid effecting the closure of the apparatus.
At the
The sterilisation of the liquid being thus completed, the operation of storing
is proceeded with; the receptacles being of any convenient form, such as bottles,
churns or the like, and being sterilized previously to their employment for storing
the sterilized liquid.
When employing bottles as the means for storing, I provide the bottling
machine with a cylindrical chamber or hood which encloses the filling and
capping or sealing device, the mouth of the cylinder being so formed as to
completely enclose the mouth and cap of the bottle and to make a steam-tight
joint with the neck thereof. The cap is first put on the bottle, the bottle is
sterilized in a separate vessel (as hereinafter described), and then placed in posi-
tion in the bottling machine. Immediately the foot-lever is depressed, the neck,
mouth and cap of the bottle are elevated into the mouth of the cylinder.. Con-
nected with the cylindrical hood is a three-way valve (or three separate inlets to
the cylinder may be employed) which, on being turned in one direction admits
steam to the chamber of the cylinder and to the exterior of the cap and neck of
the bottle thereby sterilizing the parts with which the sterilized liquid comes
into contact. The cap is then removed by means of a gripping device carried by
a quick-pitch screw spindle. Upon the three-way valve being turned in another
direction the steam and moisture are exhausted and a vacuum created in the
bottle, a Körting or other suitable pump being employed for this purpose. On
turning still further the valve the sterilized liquid is admitted from the reservoir
at the base of the refrigerator into the bottle; the latter being then sealed. The
fcot-lever having been released, the bottle is withdrawn. It will be seen that the
operation of bottling is accomplished without the atmosphere having access to
the liquid.
;
When vessels other than bottles are employed for storing the sterilized liquid,
the vessel is provided with a vent and sterilizing nozzle, a cock being provided if
necessary for permitting the egress or ingress of sterilized air as also a charging
orifice which may be furnished with a valve and a cap. The vessel having been
charged with steam and partially or wholly exhausted with a view to sterilizing,
cooling, and then exhausting any moisture therefrom it is charged with the
desired liquid; the operations of sterilizing, exhausting and charging being
effected through a three-way valve and flexible pipe as previously described in
connection with the bottling machine or by means of separate connections.
When milk is the liquid treated and is stored in cans or churns I furnish the
Eame with an inside lid. The lid and the head of the churn may be furnished

page_text: with spiral grooves and projections whereby the lid is adjusted by imparting a
partial turn thereto, an air-tight joint being effected. Or any other suitable
means of effecting an air-tight joint may be employed. The lid is further pro-
vided with a cock and sterilizing nozzle the latter being shut off during steriliza-
tion of the vessel by means of the cock. The mouth of the discharge cock
through which the churn is also charged is fitted with an outer cylindrical.
chamber which projects a short distance below the mouth of the said cock. This
cylindrical chamber is permanently fixed to the bib of the cock and provided
with a screwed cap; the screw on the cylinder serving to receive the connections
for sterilizing and charging. The churn may be provided with trunnions and
placed on a suitable stand whereby it may be rotated in order to thoroughly mix
the cream and milk previous to the same being drawn off, it being understood
that the cock of the sterilizing nozzle is closed previous to rotating the churn.
For ascertaining the quantity of liquid with which a vessel is charged, the
collecting or temporary storage compartment of the refrigerator may be provided
with a suitable indicator whereby the quantity of liquid withdrawn can be noted.
Or a measuring vessel furnished with a graduated scale for indicating the quantity
of liquid contained, a charging and discharging cock and a vent consisting of a
sterilizing nozzle fitted with a cock and ball-valve may be introduced between
the collecting compartment of the refrigerator and the three-way valve.
I prefer to carry out the preceding operations in a specially constructed build-
ing arranged as follows:-
This building may comprise three main compartments whereof the first affords
facilities for removing any objectionable attire; the second is subdivided into
smaller compartments for various purposes such as sterilizing the bottles, cans
and other utensils and also includes a compartment through which access is gained
to the third or main chamber of the building. The entry to this latter is pre-
ferably elevated from the ground level and is closed by a sliding door. The door
is reached upon either side by means of a ladder or suitably constructed steps.
Upon entering the first chamber the operator generally removes part of his
attire and passes to the second chamber which is shut off from the first by a well
fitting door. Here he substitutes a smock or other suitable garment which has
been sterilized by dry heat. He then enters the main chamber of the building
by means of the ladder: taking care to close the sliding door. A circulation of
sterilized air is induced through the main and other chambers, all the doors
whereof are made to slide and are airtight. The inlet to and outlet from this
chamber for the sterilized air are each provided with a valve and sterilizing
nozzle. The two chambers first described may be provided with similar ventilat-
ing nozzles. The vessels for receiving the liquid are conveyed into the main
chamber from the compartments of the second chamber through tight-closing
doors: these compartments being furnished with means for supplying steam or a
dry heat thereto and with outer doors, which may be rendered air-tight, and
through which the vessels are introduced. The vessels are sterilized by the
steam or dry heat supplied to these compartments.
For removing the charged bottles or other receptacles from the main chamber
a tank containing sterilized water may be fitted in the wall of the chamber, one
half of the tank being within and the other half without the chamber; the wall
whereof depends below the level of the water. In this tank is arranged a
revoluble tray or carriage on which the operator within the main chamber places
the charged receptacles; the latter, upon the revolution of the carriage, being
carried to the outer half of the tank, from whence they may be removed.
All the chambers in the building may be furnished with means for effecting
their sterilization by steam or dry heat. The floors of the chambers may be
covered with sterilized water for arresting objectionable germs or dust and any.
impurities that may have gained access to the chambers. This water may be
drawn off before.commencing operations.

page_text: "
Improved Means Applicable for Use in Preserving, Aerating and
Storing Liquids or Substances.
'
་།
I, RICHARD GRAINGER NASII, of Finnstown House, Lucan, near Dublin,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statenient:-
T
This invention relates to improved means for preserving and storing liquids or
substances, the object being to effect the cleansing or purifying, the sterilising
and the bottling, or other means of storing, .by a continuous process in which the
liquid or substance. is precluded from contact with the atmosphere from the com-
mencement to the termination of the treatment.
.
Fig. 1. of the accompanying diagrams illustrates apparatus applicable for em-
ployment in carrying out my improved process. Fig. 2 is a detached view of the
means for bottling and sealing or capping the charged bottles. Figs. 3 to 10
inclusive are detached views of various details of construction hereinafter more
particularly referred to. Figs. 11 and 12 are respectively a vertical section and a
horizontal section of a building constructed or arranged for carrying out my
improved continuous process of cleansing or purifying, sterilising and bottling
milk or other liquid..
T
In applying my,improved method to the treatment of milk, by way of example,
the liquid to be treated, is strained by causing the same to traverse a tank A
divided into compartments by means of partitions each partition being provided
with a strainer A¹ as described in the Specification to my Letters Patent No. 13,712
of 1894. The outlet from the last compartment of the straining tank is provided
with a removeable nipple a for retaining sediment in the tank.
L
The milk is conducted from this tank through a pipe A2 provided with a
receptacle, a', or with receptacles, for the further retention of sediment, and the.
branch a² to a filter B containing a mass of fine sterilized sand b of uniform grain.
The milk is caused to circulate in the lower compartment of the said filter and
to pass upwards through the mass of sand; the circulation having the effect of

page_text: causing any sediment or like impurities which still remain in the milk to be
precipitated and collected in the chamber 133 beneath the perforated bottom: B³,
from which chamber the sediment may be removed from time to time by means
of the cock 6 The sand is retained in position by. the diaphragm 62 63 of gauze
or perforated plate situate respectively above and below the mass. The filter is
provided with an air-tight lid B which with the chamber B2 at the bottom may
be rendered removeable. Any other suitable type of filter may however be em-
ployed. The filtration having been completed, the liquid is conducted by a pipe b
from the upper part of the filter to the lower end of a heater C; the liquid being
subjected to agitation during the sudden heating thereof by means of a suitably
constructed stirrer C¹. A pipe fitted in the cover of the heater, and in com
munication outwardly with a receiver C for containing sterilizing medium; and,
inwardly, with a ball-valve e permits ingress to, and egress from, the heater, of
sterilized air. The liquid thus filtered and heated is conducted by means of the
pipe C into one or another of a series of vessels 1) enclosed in a casing D° which
contains water and is provided with a coil 1 for the admission of steam whereby
the temperature of the water and of the milk, during the time the latter remains
in the vessels D, may be uniformly maintained for the requisite period for effect,
ing the sterilization of the milk. d dare cocks on the steam coil D. The
cover of each vessel D) is furnished with a pipe d and a ball-valve-d similar in
construction and operation to that described with reference to the heater C. The
ball-valves do should be arranged in such a position as to permit the vessels D to
become completely filled with liquid! Towards the lower end of each vessel D
there is provided a two-way cock D', the several cocks being connected together
by suitable means, such as chain gearing d¹, so that, while the contents are being
drawn off from the first receptacle, the last receptacle is being filled and vice versa
Clockwork mechanism may be employed to operate the cocks at predetermined
periods. Thermometers may be provided for ascertaining the temperature.
Safety-valves may also be provided where required for the escape of any undue
pressure of steam. The liquid is then cooled by running the same into a refri-
gerator E. The liquid enters the refrigerator by way of the pipe D2 and trickles
down into a collecting space e, a current of sterilized air or gas, or sterilized air
and gas or a mixture of sterilized gases being meanwhile induced in an opposite
direction by any suitable means, such, for instance, as a Körting pump, not
shown, but which may be in connection with the pipe e. This induced current
of sterilized air or gas may be caused to pass through a flavouring medium, a
flavour being imparted upon the commixtion of such gas with the liquid. The
refrigerator may be a circular structure and comprise a spirally corrugated
conical wall E surrounded at a short distance by a similar spirally corrugated
wall Ehaving its prominences opposed to the depressions in the inner wall. The
walls E and E are furnished with a water jacket E and E respectively, the
inlets e and ebeing disposed at the lowest part and the outlets and eat the
highest, the cooling fluid completely traversing the spirally corrugated surfaces,
At the bottom of the space between the two walls is a perforated coil El for
supplying the sterilized air or gas above' referred to; the outer extremity of the
coil Emay be provided with a suitable nozzle (similar to that previously
described and containing a supply of sterilised cotton wool) or the outer extremity
may be in connection with a suitable supply of sterilised gas or mixture of gases.
The base of this apparatus may be arranged 'as a temporary reservoir for the
sterilised liquid.E2 is an air-tight lid for effecting the closure of the cooling
apparatus.
The sterilization of the liquid being thus completed, the operation of storing
is proceeded with; the receptacles being of any convenient form, such as bottles,
churns or the like, and being sterilized previously to their employment for storing
the sterilized liquid.
ཀ
"When employing bottles as the means for storing, "I provide the bottling

page_text: machine with a cylindrical chamber or hood F wherein the filling and capping or
sealing device is located, the mouth of the cylindrical hood being so formed as
to completely enclose the mouth and cap of the bottle and to make a steam-tight
joint with the neck thereof by means of a compressible ring f which may be of
india-rubber. The cap is first put on the bottle, the bottle is sterilized in a
separate vessel (as hereinafter described), and then placed in position in the
bottling machine. Immediately the foot-lever f° is depressed, the neck, mouth
and cap of the bottle are elevated into the mouth of the hood. Connected with
the latter is a three-way valve F', or three separate valved inlets to the cylinder
may be employed. In the example illustrated, upon turning the valve in one
direction, steam is admitted, by way of the pipe f¹, to the hood and to the exterior
of the cap and neck of the bottle thereby sterilizing the parts with which the
sterilized liquid comes into contact; the cap is then removed by means of a
gripping device f* carried by a quick-pitch screw spindle f**. Upon turning the
valve in another direction the steam pipe f¹ is closed and the pipe f² put into
communication with the hood, steam and moisture are exhausted and a vacuum
created in the bottle a Körting or other suitable pump (not shown) being con-
nected with the said pipe for this purpose. Upon turning the valve still
further both the steam admission and exhausting pipes are closed and the pipe E
opened; sterilized liquid being thereby admitted into the bottle from the space e
at the base of the refrigerator. The bottle is then sealed. The foot-lever fo
having been released, the bottle is withdrawn. It will be seen that the operation
of bottling is accomplished without the atmosphere having access to the liquid.
When vessels other than bottles are employed for storing the sterilized liquid,
such, for example, as a churn, the vessel is provided with a vent and sterilizing
nozzle, a cock being provided if necessary for permitting the egress or ingress of
sterilized air, as also a charging orifice which may be furnished with a valve and
--a-cap. The vessel or churn. G having been charged with steam and partially or
wholly exhausted with a view to sterilizing, cooling and then exhausting any
moisture therefrom, it is charged with the desired liquid, the operations of steriliz-
ing, exhausting and charging being effected through the three-way valve F1 and
flexible pipe, as previously described in connection with the bottling machine, or
by means of separate connections.
When milk is the liquid treated and is stored in cans or churns, such as shown
at G, I prefer to furnish the same with an inner lid g arranged so as to close air-
tight upon its seating. The outer lid and the head of the churn may be furnished
with spiral grooves and projections g° whereby the said lid is secured upon the
lid
g by imparting a partial turn thereto. Or any other suitable means of effect-
ing an air-tight joint may be employed. The inner lid is further provided with a
sterilizing nozzle g³ and cock g¹, the latter being shut off while the sterilization
of the vessel is being effected. The inner lid being rendered air-tight, sterilized
air may be admitted to the churn (for the purpose of drawing off) through the
nozzle by opening the cock g; the outer lid being perforated for this purpose.
The mouth of the discharge cock g³ through which the churn is also charged from
the refrigerator E is fitted with an outer cylindrical chamber which projects a
short distance below the mouth of the said cock. This cylindrical chamber is
permanently fixed to the bib of the cock, and provided with a screwed cap ³;
the screw on the part g being adapted, by means of its screw-threaded extremity,
to receive the connection or connections with the sterilizing and charging
appliances. The churn may be provided with trunnions (Fig. 9) and placed
on a stand such as g' whereby it may be rotated with a view to thoroughly mix
the cream and milk previous to same being drawn off; it being understood that
the cock g is closed previous to rotating the churn.
For ascertaining the quantity of liquid with which a vessel is charged, the
collecting or temporary storage compartment of the refrigerator E may be pro-
vided with a suitable indicator whereby the quantity of liquid withdrawn can he

page_text: noted. Or a measuring vessel H (Fig. 10) furnished with a graduated scale /
for indicating the quantity of liquid contained, a charging pipe and cock h¹,
discharging pipe and cock h² and a vent, consisting of a sterilizing nozzle /³ fitted
with a cock and ball-valve, -may be introduced-between the 'collecting compart-
ment of the refrigerator and the three-way valve F¹ or F*.
I prefer to carry out the preceding, operations-in a specially constructed build-
ing arranged as follows:-
;
- 4.....
L
This building may comprise three main compartments I, K, L whereof the first,
I, affords facilities-for removing any objectionable attire, the second, K, is sub-
divided into smaller compartments for various purposes, such as sterilizing the
bottles, cans and other- utensils, and also includes a compartiment K through
-which access is gained to the third or main chamber L. of the building. This
latter is entered preferably through an opening k situate at an elevation from the
ground level and is closed by a sliding door k. This door is reached upon either
side by means of a ladder or suitably-constructed steps:
t
Upon entering the chamber I and closing. the sliding door 2, the operator
generally removes part of his attire and passes to the chamber K which is shut off
from the chamber I by a well fitting door : Here he substitutes a smock or other
suitable garment which has been sterilized by dry heat. He then ascends the
-ladder and passes through the opening &, closes the sliding door k¹ and descends
the ladder into the chamber L. A circulation of sterilized air is induced through
the main and other chambers by means of a suitable pump. All the doors are
.made to slide and are air-tight. The inlet to, and outlet froin, the chamber L
for the sterilized air, are each provided with a valve and sterilizing nozzle *.
The chambers I and K may be provided with similar ventilating nozzles and k
respectively. The vessels for receiving the liquid are conveyed into the chamber L
from the compartments of the chamber K through the tight-closing doors °;
these compartments being furnished with means for supplying steam or a dry
heat. thereto and with outer doors which may be rendered air-tight, and
through which the vessels are introduced. The vessels are sterilized by the steam
or dry heat supplied to these compartments.
..
For removing the charged bottles or other receptacles from the chamber L, a
tank L' containing sterilized water may be fitted in the wall of the chamber, one
half of the tank being within and the other half without the chamber; the wall
whereof depends at below the level of the water. In this tank is arranged a
revoluble tray or carriage L2 on which the operator within the chamber L places
the charged receptacles; the latter, upon the revolution of the carriage, being
carried to the outer half of the tank from whence they may be removed.
All the chambers in the building may be furnished with means for effecting
their sterilization by steam or dry heat.. The floors of the chambers may be
covered with sterilized water (as shown) for arresting objectionable germs or dust
and any impurities that may have gained access to fhe chambers. This, water
may be drawn off before commencing operations.*
The various vessels comprising the apparatus may be provided with cocks and
connections whereby a sterilising medium may be admitted previous to their
employment.
If it be desired to produce pasteurized or sterilized cream or butter, the separa-
tion by means of a cream separator, of the cream from the milk, may be effected
at the most convenient part of the improved process; the cream and the milk
being separately bottled or stored, as hereinbefore described. When pasteurized
butter is required, the cream is artificially ripened, churned and packed within
the above mentioned sterilized chamber.
For the production of aërated milk, beer or other liquid under pressure, an
aerating plant, such as described in the Specification to my Patent, No. 14,209'%
or No. 12,731'97, may be introduced in the process.
The keeping qualities of the liquid may be improved by heating the same to a
suitable temperature subsequently to bottling or other means of storing.

page_text: =
T.
Having now particularly described ascertained the nature of my said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I claim :-
:
1. The herein described continuous process for the preservation of milk and
other substances, consisting in straining, filtering, heating and agitating,
again heating, cooling, and finally bottling or otherwise, enclosing the same in
previously sterilized vessels, the several opérations being carried out in such a
manner that the temperature of the milk or other substance is raised, suddenly
and uniformly,, objectionable matters are eliminated and contact with the outer
atmosphere prevented, a completely sterilized, and pure commodity resulting.
2. The improved means for carrying out the continuous, process, the subject of
the preceding claiming clause, arranged or operating substantially as described
with reference to the accompanying drawings.
3. In, the continuous treatment of milk and other, substances with a view.to
sterilizing and preserving the same,, admitting thereto sterilized air or gas, or a
mixture of air and gas during the cooling operation, substantially as herein
described.
1.
.1.
4. In the preservation of milk and other substances, the, use of heating
apparatus comprising a casing D° furnished with a steam.coil. D* and enclosing a
series of vessels D each having a sterilizing nozzle and regulating valve for admit-
ting sterilized air to the said vessels, and means for charging and discharging the
vessels, simultaneously, substantially as herein described. 0:
5. In the bottling of milk and other substances, enclosing the bottle neck and
cap in a hermetically sealed chamber, wherein they are: sterilized prior: to the
admission of the sterilized liquid; the capping, or sealing of the bottle being
effected within the said chamber subsequently to the filling operation.
6. For use in storing milk and other substances, a churn or vessel provided with
an inner air-tight lid, furnished with a vent and sterilizing nozzle, and an outer
cover arranged to admit air to the inner lid, substantially as and for the purposes
specified.
7. In the preservation and storage of milk and other liquids or substances, the
improved means applicable for use in carrying out as a continuous process the
various operations herein referred to, the whole arranged substantially as described
with reference to Figs. 11 and 12 of the accompanying drawings.
Թ
1000
Dated this 8th day of January 1900.
For the Applicant,
G. G. M. HARDINGHAM,
Chartered Patent Agent.
Clun House, Surrey Street, London, W.C.