IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CENTRIFUGAL MACHINERY APPLICABLE TO PUMPS, FANS, TURBINES, AND SIMILAR APPARATUS, AND IN THE APPLICATIONS OF SUCH MACHINERY
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Eglinton Anderson Gwynne, of Essex
Street Wharves, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CENTRIFUGAL
MACHINERY APPLICABLE TO PUMPS, FANS, TURBINES, AND SIMILAR APPARATUS,
AND IN THE APPLICATIONS OF SUCH MACHINERY."
Sealed the 19th April 1865, and dated the 21st October 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Eglinton Anderson
Gwynne at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 21st October 1864.
I, JAMES EGLINTON-ANDERSON GWYNNE, of Essex Street Wharves, Strand,
in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CENTRIFUGAL
MACHINERY APPLICABLE TO PUMPS, FANS, TURBINES, AND SIMILAR APPARATUS,
AND IN THE APPLICATIONS OF SUCH MACHINERY," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates, firstly, to the construction of the outer cases of
centrifugal pumps, fans, turbines, and similar machinery or apparatus, whereby
the revolving wheel, or disc and spindle may be readily removed when requi-
site, and replaced without interfering with or disturbing the suction or
discharge pipes, or otherwise moving the case or body of such, apparatus.
For this purpose the outer case or receiver is constructed in two parts, the one

page_text: being a fixture and the other removeable, the removeable part forming a
segment of the larger and fixed portion of the case. In practice it has been
found advantageous to make the removeable part equal to a segment of about
one-third of the entire case, but this may be varied if desired. The remove-
able portion of the case may be situate in any position, so long as it does not
interfere with the suction and discharge pipes, which should remain fixtures
to the other portion of the case. It is also proposed to cast a bed plate, with
or without brackets or supports for brackets, for carrying the spindle of the
revolving wheel or disc in one piece with the outer case or receiver of
the apparatus. A screwed plug or cock is fitted on to the upper portion of the
outer case or receiver of centrifugal pumps for the facility of charging or
filling the pumps before starting, and a similar plug or cock is fitted to the
bottom of the case with a view to the emptying of the same when found
requisite. It is also proposed to construct that portion of the outer cases of
centrifugal pumps, fans, turbines, and similar machines which comes in
contact with or joins the disc or revolving wheel in such a manner that the
metal of the case will form a broken or stepped joint with the disc or wheel,
or will partly overlap the same. Cast steel drilled or hardened faces may
be given to the sides or case of the machine, and also to the sides of the disc
or wheel where it joins or comes in contact with the case.
The second part of this Invention relates to the construction of the
revolving discs or wheels of centrifugal pumps, fans, turbines, and similar
machines with a view to the obtainment of a better action of the arms or
vanes thereof upon the water or other substance acted upon. According to
this part of the Invention it is proposed to alter the present construction of
the arms or vanes by changing. their form, position, and direction, for
example, in lieu of causing such arms or vanes to strike the water or other
substance with a vertical face, thereby producing a concussion or blow, they
are so shaped as to act gradually, easily, and rapidly upon the medium to be
operated upon, for which purpose the striking faces of such arths or vanes
are inclined or curved in any suitable direction, so as to operate somewhat
after the manner of a wedge or inclined plane upon the surrounding medium,
one edge of the arm or vane being in advance of the other. It is also pro-
posed to make these improved discs or wheels of cast steel or of cast iron, in
which latter case they may be annealed or converted into malleable iron. Or
they may be cast in any amalgamated metals or alloy, combining the proper-
ties of strength and hardness:
'
The third part of this Invention relates to the application of centrifugal
pumps to the working of the surface or other condenser of a steam engine

page_text: employed either for working the pump or otherwise. According to this part
of the Invention a portion of the water which is raised and passed through
the pump is caused to circulate through the condenser, and so assist in the
condensation of the steam. For this purpose a communication is formed by
means of a pipe between the upper part of the condenser and the discharge
pipe of the pump, whilst another pipe leads from the lower part of the con-
denser to the suction pipe of the pump. By this means the pressure of the
water in the discharge pipe of the pump forces a portion of the water through
the condenser, whilst at the same time the exhausting action of the suction pipe
will draw the water from the lower portion of the condenser, thereby pro-
ducing a constant circulation of fresh cold water through the condenser. On
board ship the waste water from the condensor may by its reaction be
employed to give motion to the ship with the object of turning as with a
helm. If found desirable a small air pump may be used for drawing off the
water of condensation and forcing it back into the boiler without appreciable
loss of temperature. In some cases the engine, pump, and gear are all con-
tained on one and the same bed plate.
The fourth part of this Invention has reference to centrifugal pumps mado
with a vertical axis, as described in the Specification of Letters Patent,
granted to me on or about the 29th day of April, 1862, No. 1248, and
consists in constructing the disc or revolving wheel with a long neck to allow
for wear, and in the application to the under side of such disc or revolving
wheel of a screwed end or termination forming a species of boring or earth
loosening tool, which may be either permanently or temporarily attached to
the disc or wheel. When the apparatus is set in motion the screwed portion
or tool will enter into and thereby loosen the earth, gravel, sand, or other
matters operated upon, which when so loosened will be drawn into the pump
and elevated thereby in company or not with water as the case may be. It
is also proposed to fix a stop or baffle plate or blade in the vertical discharge
pipe of such pumps for the purpose of preventing or checking any rotatory
motion of the water or other substance being elevated after it leaves the disc
or revolving wheel of the pump. Vertical shafted pumps when so arranged
may be used for separating and elevating small coals, ores, gravel, small
stones, lime, cements, clays, grain, seeds, and other like substances, and at
the same time, when required, washing or freeing the substances from earthy
and other impurities. For these and other similar applications where great
strength is required the revolving discs or wheels are made of cast steel or
combinations or alloys of metals as herein-before described. When a pump
or machine of the description above mentioned is intended to be used for

page_text: making excavations under water, in the making of sea-walls or harbour works,
removing accumulations from docks, harbours, and rivers, for raising sunken
ships, or removing water from foundations, removing material in the sinking
of cylinders, caissons, or other like structures, it is proposed to so arrange the
pump or machine that it may be capable of being readily raised or lowered,
er the length of the vertical discharge pipe increased or diminished as
required, either by the aid of telescopic, sliding, or other joints in the discharge
pipe, thus affording facility for lowering the apparatus to and working it at
any desired depth below the surface.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Eglinton Anderson Gwynne in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 21st April 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
EGLINTON ANDERSON GWYNNE, of Essex Street Wharves, Strand, in the
County of Middlesex, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of October, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-eighth
year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said James Eglinton Anderson Gwynne, Her special
license that I, the said James Eglinton Anderson Gwynne, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said James Eglinton
Anderson Gwynne, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CENTRIFUGAL MACHINERY APPLICABLE TO PUMPS,
FANS, TURBINES, AND SIMILAR APPARATUS, AND IN THE APPLICATIONS OF
MACHINERY," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said James
Eglinton Anderson Gwynne, my executors or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Eglinton Anderson Gwynne,
do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say :—
.
This Invention relates, firstly, to the construction of the outer cases of cen-
trifugal pumps, fans, turbines, and similar machinery or apparatus whereby
the revolving wheel or disc and spindle may be readily removed when requisite
and replaced without interfering with or disturbing the suction or discharge
pipes or otherwise moving the case or body of such apparatus. For this
purpose the outer case or receiver is constructed in two parts, the one being a
fixture and the other removeable, the removeable part forming a segment.
of the larger and fixed portion of the case. In practice it has been found
advantageous to make the removeable part equal to a segment of about one-
third of the entire case, but this may be varied if desired. The removeable
portion of the case may be situate in any position, so long as it does not
interfere with the suction and discharge pipes which should remain fixtures
to the other portion of the case. It is also proposed to cast a bed plate with
or without brackets or supports for brackets for carrying the spindle of the
revolving wheel or disc in one piece with the outer case or receiver of the
apparatus. Where the body of the pump is placed above the fluid to be raised,
a screwed plug or cock is fitted on to the upper portion of the outer case or
receiver of centrifugal pumps for the facility of charging or filling the pumps
before starting, and a similar plug or cock is fitted to the bottom of the case
with a view to the emptying of the same when found requisite. It is also
proposed to construct that portion of the outer cases of centrifugal pumps,
fans, turbines and similar machines which comes in contact with or joins the
disc or revolving wheel in such a manner that the metal of the case will form
a broken or stepped joint with the disc or wheel, or will partly overlap the
same; cast steel chilled or hardened faces may be given to the sides or case
of the machine and also to the sides of the disc or wheel where it joins or
comes in contact with the case.
The second part of this Invention relates to the construction of the revolving
discs or wheels of centrifugal pumps, fans, turbines, and similar machines
with a view to the obtainment of a better action of the arms or vanes thereof
upon the water or other substance acted upon.
According to this part of the Invention it is proposed to alter the present
construction of the arms or vanes by changing their form, position, and
direction, for example, in lieu of causing such arms or vanes to strike the air,

page_text: water, or other medium with a vertical face, thereby producing a concussion or
blow, they are so shaped as to act gradually, easily, and rapidly upon the medium
to be operated upon, for which purpose the striking faces of such arms or
vanes are inclined or curved in any suitable direction so as to operate some-
what after the manner of a wedge or inclined plane upon the surrounding
medium, one edge of the arm or vane being in advance of the other. It is
also proposed to make these improved discs or wheels of cast steel or of cast
iron, in which latter case they may be annealed or converted into malleable
iron. Or they may be cast in any amalgamated metals or alloys combining
the properties of strength and hardness, or may instead of being cast, be built
up in separate pieces of any suitable metal, and rivetted or otherwise secured
together.
The third part of this Invention relates to the application of centrifugal
pumps to the working of the surface or other condenser of a steam engine
employed either for working the pump or otherwise. According to this part
of the Invention a portion of the water which is raised and passed through the
pump is caused to circulate through the condenser, and so assist in the con-
densation of the steam. For this purpose a communication is formed by means
of a pipe between the upper part of the condenser and the discharge pipe of
the pump, whilst another pipe leads from the lower part of the condenser to
the suction pipe of the pump. By this means the pressure of the water in
the discharge pipe of the pump forces a portion of the water through the
condenser, whilst at the same time the exhausting action of the suction pipe
will draw the water from the lower portion of the condenser, thereby producing
a constant circulation of fresh cold water through the condenser. On board
ship the waste water from the condenser may by its reaction be employed to
give motion to the ship with the object of turning as with a helm. If found
desirable a small air pump may be used for drawing off the water of condensa-
tion, and forcing it back into the boiler without a great loss of temperature.
In some cases the engine, pump, and gear are all contained on one and the
same bed plate.
The fourth part of this Invention has reference to centrifugal pumps made
with a vertical axis as described in the Specification of Letters Patent granted
to me on or about the Twenty-ninth day of April, One thousand eight hun-
dred and sixty-two, No. 1248, and consists in constructing the disc or revolving
wheel with a long neck to allow for wear, and in the application to the under
side of such disc or revolving wheel of a screwed end or termination forming
a species of boring or earth-loosening tool, which may be either permanently
or temporarily attached to the spindle of the disc or wheel. When the appa-

page_text: ratus is set in motion the screwed portion or tool will enter into and thereby
loosen the earth, gravel, sand, or others matters operated upon, which when so
loosened will be drawn into the pump, and elevated, thereby in company or
not with water as the case may be. It is also proposed to fix a stop or baffle
plate or blade in the vertical discharge pipe of such pumps for the purpose of
preventing or checking any rotatory motion of the water or other substance
being elevated after it leaves the disc or revolving wheel of the pump.
Vertical-shafted pumps when so arranged may be used for separating and
elevating small coals, ores, gravel, small stones, lime, cements, clays,
grain, seeds, and other like substances, and at the same time when required,
washing or freeing the substances from earthy and other impurities. For
these and other similar applications where great strength is required, the
revolving discs or wheels are made of cast steel, or combinations or alloys of
metals as herein-before described. When a pump or machine of the descrip-
tion above mentioned is intended to be used for making excavations under
water in the making of sea walls or harbour works, removing accumulations
from docks, harbours, and rivers, for raising sunken ships, or removing water
from foundations, removing material in the sinking of cylinders, caissons, or
other like structures, it is proposed to so arrange the pump or machine that it
may be capable of being readily raised or lowered, or the length of the vertical
discharge pipe increased or diminished as required, either by the aid of
telescopic, sliding, or other joints in the discharge pipe, thus affording facility
for lowering the apparatus to and working it at any desired depth below the
surface.
;
And in order that the said Invention may be fully understood I shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose I shall
refer to the several Figures on the annexed Sheet of Drawings, the same letters
of reference indicating corresponding parts in all the Figures.
Figure 1 of my Drawings represents a transverse vertical section of a pump
casing constructed according to the first part of my Invention, being provided
with means for removing the disc and spindle and replacing them again
without disturbing the suction or discharge pipes, and Figure 2 is a corre-
sponding side elevation of the same. A is the pump casing, the greater
portion B of one side of which is made removable, being secured by a series
of bolts to the body of the casing. On removing the part B an opening is
left in the side of the casing sufficiently large to admit of the easy withdrawal
or replacing of the disc C and spindle D, without interfering in any way with
the suction and discharge pipes E and F. The dotted lines in Figure 1
represent the suction pipe branching off at right angles to the side of the

page_text: casing and bolted thereto in lieu of being cast in one piece therewith, and
passing down the side of the casing.
Figure 1 also illustrates the curving of the suction pipe where it enters the
side of the casing, whereby the water enters the pump in a regular sweep and
without any sharp turns or angles. This curved passage way may be also
preserved where a moveable gland enters the pipe by bevelling off or curving
the inner end of the gland to conform to the general curve of the suction pipe,
and is adapted for single or double-sided suction, that is, where the water is
received on one or both sides of the disc or wheel.
Figure 3 shews another mode of carrying out this part of my Invention.
In this arrangement the removable portion B of the casing A is in the form
of a segment of about one-third more or less of the entire casing. It is
secured, when adjusted in its place, by bolts passing through external flanges
cast on the segment and on the main body of the casing as shewn. The
removal of this segment may be effected at any time without disturbing or
interfering in any way with the suction and discharge pipes E, F, which are
connected with the fixed portion or main body A of the casing, and when
removed a sufficient opening is left in the casing to admit of the easy with-
drawal and replacing of the disc and spindle.
This portion of my Invention is also illustrated by the side elevation of a
stationary pump at Figure 4, and by the plan view, Figure 5, also by the
front elevation of a fixed pump at Figure 6, by the sectional elevation at
Figure 7, of which Figure 8 is a transverse vertical section, by the side elevation
of a transportable pump mounted upon wheels at Figure 9, by the pump
shewn in Figure 18, by the under side plan view (Figure 20) of an excavating
pump herein-after more fully described, and by the front or edge view of a
pump shewn at Figure 26. The bed plate G of the pump is cast with or
without brackets or supports for brackets for carrying the spindle D of the
revolving wheel or disc in one piece with the outer case or receiver of the
apparatus, as shewn in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 19, and 26, and with separate
bed plates, as shewn in Figures 7, 8, and 18, and a screwed plug or cock H
(shewn in Figures 2, 3, 4, 7, 9, and 26), is fitted on to the upper portion of
the outer casing or receiver of centrifugal pumps for the facility of charging or
filling the pumps before starting, and a similar plug or cock (not shown in my
Drawings) is fitted to the bottom of the said casing with a view to the emptying
of the same when found requisite.
Figures 5 and 6 represent two modes of arranging the riggers I of centri-
fugal pumps or fans when two riggers are used. In Figure 5 these riggers
I, I, are contained within the supporting brackets K, K, which are bolted to

page_text: the sides of the casting forming the casing and bed plate of the pump, the
spindle D being supported in bearings at its extreme ends, but in Figure 6.
the riggers I are represented as overhanging the brackets K. The dotted
lines in this Figure illustrate the extension of the bed plate and the appli-
cation of two separate bearings to the spindle on either side of the pump or
fan, the rigger being in that case situate between the said bearings.
Figure 8 represents a pump casing cast with solid covers in one piece.
Figures 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, and 17, are different views and modifi-.
cations of the revolving discs or wheels of centrifugal pumps, fans, turbines,
and similar machines, as constructed according to the second part of my
Invention.
With a view to the prevention of a concussion or blow usually produced by
the action of the arm or vanes L, L, upon the surrounding medium, I propose
to make the striking parts of such arms or vanes in an oblique or inclined
direction as regards their plane of revolution, one edge being in advance of
the other, in lieu of both edges being in the same plane as heretofore. By
this means the arms or vanes L, L, of such revolving wheels or discs
have a wedge-like action on the surrounding medium and operate more
smoothly. This peculiar form of arm is shewn combined with the curving of
such arms or vanes from the centre outwards at Figures 11, 12, 13, 14, 15,
and 16. Vertical sections of theso wheels or discs are shewn at Figures. 10
and 17. The inclination or obliquity of the arms or vanes may be produced
by a straight line, as shewn in Figure 12, or by the junction of two reversed
curves as in Figures 13 and 14, which two Figures illustrate the obliquity of
the arms in opposite directions.
Figure 18 illustrates the mode of carrying out the third part of my Inven-
tion, namely, the economical application of centrifugal pumps to the working
of the surface or other condenser of a steam engine.
;
,
Figure 18 is a side elevation of a horizontal steam engine M, supported on
a bed plate N, a centrifugal pump A, B, being also bolted to the same or to
a separate bed plate, as, found most convenient, and driven by the engine
itself. O is the condenser of the engine, the upper portion of which com-.
municates by means of a pipe P with the discharge pipe F of the pump,
whilst a similar pipe Q leads from the lower part of the condenser to the
suction pipe E of the pump. The pressure of the water, in the discharge.
pipe F forces a portion of such water through the condenser, whilst at the
same time the exausting action of the suction pipe E will draw the water.
from the lower portion of the condenser, thereby producing a constant
circulation of fresh cold water through the condenser. R is a small air pump.

page_text: which may be used, if desired, for drawing off the water of condensation, and
forcing it back into the boiler without appreciable loss of temperature.
Figure 19 represents a partial vertical section of a centrifugal pump with
vertical axis constructed in accordance with the fourth part of my Invention,
being suitably arranged for elevating loose earth, sand, or gravel, in company
or not with water, or for separating and elevating small coals, ores, gravel,
small stones, lime, cement, clays, grain, seeds, and other like substances, and
at the same time when required washing or freeing such substances from
earthy and other impurities.
For these and other similar applications where great strength is required,
the revolving discs or wheels are made of cast steel or combinations or alloys
of metals capable of increasing their strength and durability.
Figure 20 is a corresponding plan of the lower end or mouth of this
apparatus, and Figure 21 is a transverse horizontal section taken along the
line 1, 2, in Figure 19. The disc or wheel C is constructed with a longer
neck than usual to allow for wear, and to the extreme lower end of the vertical
spindle D of such disc or wheel there is fitted a screwed termination forming
a species of boring or earth loosening tool S shewn in large detail at Figure 22.
This tool S is only required when the substances to be elevated have to be
loosened or disintegrated before they can be drawn into the pump. A stop or
buffle plate T (Figures 19 and 21) is fitted inside the vertical discharge
pipe F of the pump, such plate extending from near the upper surface or side
of the wheel or disc C to any convenient height inside the discharge pipe in
order to check any rotatory motion of the water or other substance being
elevated after it leaves the disc or wheel. In some cases, when found desirable,
as herein-before mentioned, it is proposed to so arrange the pump or machine
that it may be capable of being readily raised or lowered by means of chains
connected with the pump at the bottom and with suitable hoisting tackle or a
windlass at the top of the apparatus; the varying length of the vertical dis-
charge pipe F being allowed for either by the aid of telescopic joints V in the
discharge pipe, or by other suitable joints made therein; facility is thus
afforded for lowering the apparatus and working it at any desired depth below
the surface.
Figures 28, 24, and 25, are different corresponding views of an improved
construction of foot valve for centrifugal pumps for the purpose of obviating
the inconveniences arising from the choking of such valves by the accumulation
therein of gravel or other extraneous substances. The valve consists of one or
more metal flaps W faced with leather and resting upon a knife-edged
seating X. These flaps in opening and closing turn upon pins or pivots

page_text: fitted to or formed thereon; but in lieu of such pins or pivots working in
circular holes of a corresponding size, they work in vertical slots or recesses a, a,
formed in the sides of the valve case, so as to afford a certain amount of play
or freedom to the jointed or hinged edge of the flap. By this means the flap
being at liberty to rise vertically more or less, according to the length of the
slots, can adjust itself more readily to the seating.
Figure 26 illustrates a mode of testing the joints and strength of the outer.
cases of centrifugal pumps by hydraulic pressure. For this purpose the branches
or nozzles E, F, of the suction and discharge pipes are closed by bolting covers
thereon, and the interior of the casing is placed in communication by means
of a pipe Y with the cylinder of a force pump Z.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or
carried into effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to
be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by.
the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,-.
. First, the general constructions and arrangements of centrifugal pumps,
fans, turbines, and similar machinery, and the applications of the same sub-
stantially in the manner and for the purpose herein-before described and
illustrated by my Drawings.
Second, the so constructing the outer cases of centrifugal pumps,
fans, turbines, and similar machinery that the revolving wheel or disc and
its spindle may be removed and replaced without disturbing or interfering
with the inlet or outlet pipes of such cases, substantially as herein-before
described.
Third, forming a stepped or broken joint between the outer cases and the
necks of the revolving discs or wheels of centrifugal pumps, fans, turbines,
and similar machinery, as hercin-before described.
Fourth, the application of cast steel chilled or hardened faces to those
portions of the outer cases and of the revolving discs or wheels of centrifugal
pumps, fans, turbines, and similar machinery, which work in contact with
each other, as herein-before described.
Fifth, the peculiar construction of the revolving discs or wheels of centrifugal
pumps, fans, turbines, and similar machinery, with a view to the obtainment
of a better action of the arms or vanes on the surrounding medium, as herein-
before described and illustrated by my Drawings.
Sixth, making the improved discs or wheels above referred to of cast steel,
or of annealed cast iron, or of any alloys of metals combining the properties of
strength and hardness.

page_text: Seventh, the application of centrifugal pumps to the working of the surface
or other condensers of steam engines, substantially as herein-before described.
Eighth, the application of a boring or earth-loosening tool to the lower
extremity of the vertical spindle or axis of a centrifugal pump, for the purpose
herein-before set forth...::
Ninth, the application of a stop or baffle plate or blade to the interior of
the vertical discharge pipe of a centrifugal pump made with 'a vertical axis, for
the purpose herein-before-described.
Tenth, the making of the vertical discharge pipe of a centrifugal pump
having a vertical axis, so as 'to' admit of the pump being raised or lowered and
worked at any depth, substantially as and for the purpose specified."
Eleventh, the application of the improved centrifugal pump, with vertical
axis, to the various purposes herein-before described.
Twelfth, the peculiar construction and arrangement of foot valve for
centrifugal pumps, as herein-before described and illustrated by my Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Eglinton Anderson Gwynne, have
to this my Specification set my hand and seal, the Twenty-first day of
April, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
sixty-five.
JAMES E. A. GWYNNE. (L.S.)