IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING TUFTED FABRICS.
Year: 1877

page_text: "
LETTERS PATENT to Sydney Pitt, of Sutton, in the County of Surrey, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING TUFTED FABRICS.'
A communication from abroad by Alexander Smith and Haleyon Skinner, of
Yonkers, in the State of New York, in the United States of America.
Sealed the 9th March 1877, and dated the 18th January 1877
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Sydney Pitt at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th January 1877.
66
SYDNEY PITT, of Sutton, in the County of Surrey. IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS
FOR WEAVING TUFTED FABRICS." A communication from abroad by Alexander
Smith and Haleyon Skinner, of Yonkers, in the State of New York, in the United
States of America.
This Invention has reference more particularly to looms for weaving tufted fabrics,
such, for example, as moquette goods, and its objects are to secure the tufting ma-
terial more securely in the fabric, and to facilitate the operations which take place
in the interweaving of the threads to form the fabric.
The said improvements produce the following operations, viz. :-The filling or
weft thread is supplied at both sides of the loom, and the filling from one side is
drawn through the shed by the same implement which hands through the filling
from the opposite side. Filling of two grades of fineness is employed, and the finer
and coarser fillings are selected automatically at both sides of the loom, according
to the order in which they are to be interwoven with the warp threads; the tufting
material is carried upon spools, each mounted in a separate spool frame, and each
having the assortment of colored yarns upon it required for a particular one of the
successive rows of tufts of which the design is formed; each spool frame is pro-
vided with a row of tubes for introducing the ends of the tufting material into
the shed; the series of spool frames is carried by chains which are moved to present
the spool frames in succession to arms and their appurtenances, which take each
spool frame in its order from the carrying chains, move it to the warp threads with
the tufting tubes in horizontal positions or thereabouts, rock the spool frames so as
to carry the ends of the tufting yarns down through the warp threads, raise the
spool and spool frame sufficiently to permit the tufting yarns to be cut at the proper

page_text: distance from the fabric to leave therein tufts of the required length and finally
restore the spool frame and its appurtenances to the carrying chains. The ends of
the tufting material introduced beneath the warp threads are turned backward by
means of a comb and are secured by the interweaving of the filling.
The cutting of the tufting material is effected by the joint operation of a fixed
blade extended across the position of the fabric in the loom and a travelling disc
formed blade which is moved to and fro crosswise of the loom. In order that the
above operations may be effected in weaving, the loom must of course be provided
with means for holding the warp threads for opening and closing the sheds for
beating up the filling, and for the other incidental operations required to weave
moquette goods.
The accompanying Drawings represent the principal parts of a loom embodying
this Invention in the best form at present known, and the following description
thereof is given with the understanding that the construction and operation of the
mechanical devices may be varied as circumstances or the views of different con-
structors or users render expedient.
Figure 1 of said Drawings represents an elevation of one side of the loom.
Figure 2 represents an elevation of the opposite side of the loom.
Figure 3 represents a plan of portions of the loom designated by the same letters
as they are designated by in the other Figures.
Figure 4 represents a central longitudinal section of the loom.
Figure 5 represents a front elevation of the loom with certain parts removed.
Figures 6 to 22 inclusive represent certain parts of the loom detached from
the residue and denoted by the same letters of reference as the same parts in the
⚫ other Figures.
The various moving parts of the loom are connected with a strong loom frame A,
at the front of which is the breast beam B and cloth roll C, while the warp beams
D, D, and the rock shafts D¹, D1, of the whip rolls are supported at its rear; the
whip rolls are not shown as they may be constructed and supported in the usual
manner. The heddles for forming the sheds are constructed in the usual manner,
and are supported in frames E, which are arranged to operate in the usual manner,
they being moved by means of revolving cams E, E, E, E, with which the heddle
frames are connected by means of the rods e, the levers E2, rods e¹, and the heddles
E³, each of these last being fitted with a friction wheel or truck that runs in the
grove of its respective cam; the fulcrum stud of the heddle levers E² is supported
by an upward extension of the main frame A, which also supports the lower shaft
H of the carrying chains of the spools H of tufting material. The heddle cams
E are secured to a cam shaft G, which is constructed to revolve in boxes connected
with the main frame, and is driven from the driving shaft G₁ through the inter-
vention of the cog wheels G2, G3; the driving shaft G¹ is provided with belt
pulleys in the usual manner, and the customary appliances may be employed to stop
the loom by transferring the belt from the fast pulley to the loose pulley upon the
driving shaft.
The filling or weft threads when introduced, as herein-after described, are beaten
up by means of a vibrating lay F, which is supported by arms F¹, F¹, projecting
from a rock shaft F; this lay is forced towards the breast beam for the purpose of
breaking up the filling by means of a cam F3, which is secured to the cam shaft G,
and is caused to operate upon the lay through the intervention of the rock shaft
F³, the arm F, and its friction wheel (which bears upon the cam F³), the arms
Fe which project from the rock shaft, and the links F7 which connect the ends of
the arms F with the ears at the back of the lay. The parts of the loom repre-
sented in the accompanying Drawings are so arranged as to insert the tufting
material at every fourth beat of the lay, and as the filling or weft inserted after
the tufting material is finer than that used at other times, a single beat of the lay
is sufficient to drive up such fine filling.
For driving up the coarser filling it has been found expedient to impart to the
lay a double beat; hence the lay cam F³ is constructed with three double-headed

page_text: protuberances f¹, f¹, f¹, for imparting the double beats to the lay, and with
one single-headed protuberance f2 for the single beat following the insertion of the
finer filling. If the lay were constructed in the usual manner with an upper
horizontal bar above the reed it would occupy space which can be used profitably
for other purposes, hence the lay is constructed without any upper bar, but with a
clamp bar fat its front side, between which and the face of the lay a series of
metal loops or pins fare clamped to form the dents of the reed. The cam F³
moves the lay forward as required to beat up the filling, and the backward move-
ments of the lay are effected by a spring F9 operating upon an arm F8 of the lay
rock shaft F5.
The filling to be used is wound upon bobbins or cops which are set at opposite
sides of the loom in convenient positions to permit the filling to pass to the devices
which act upon it, and it is passed across the loom through the open shed by means
of a reciprocating weft carrier I, which is moved to and fro at the proper times by
means of the cam I' on the cam shaft G and the spring I which acts antagonistically
to the cam.
The cam is caused to operate upon the weft carrier through the
intervention of the friction wheel I³, the lever I', the rod I, the elbow lever Iº, the
link I, and the slide block I, to which the shank of the weft carrier is secured.
The spring I is connected in this example with the lever I*, and therefore operates
through the intervention of that lever and its connections with the weft carrier,
The weft carrier is guided in its movement by means of the guide bar 19 (upon
which its slide block 18 is constructed to move) and by the guide 110 through which
the stem of the weft carrier moves.
According to this Invention two loops of weft or filling, one from each side of
the loom, are passed through each shed that is opened, so that both selvages are
made secure, although the filling is introduced in the form of a loop. In order that
the same weft carrier may pass the filling from opposite sides of the loom its head i
is both forked and hooked (as seen more particularly at Figures 6, 7, and 8). The
crotch of the fork engages in the loop of the filling, which is at the same side of
the loom as the weft carrier, and pushes that loop through the shed, and the bill of
the hook engages with the filling at the opposite side of the loom and pulls a
loop of that filling back through the shed when the weft carrier is retrograded.
The filling is held in position to be engaged by the weft carrier by two weft
holders J, J, one at each side of the loon.
According to this Invention two grades of filling, one coarse and one fine are
used, the fine filling being used after the insertion of the tufting material, so as to
fasten it, and the coarse filling at other times. In order that the fine and coarse
fillings may be presented to the weft carrier in proper order the weft holder J at the
right-hand side of the loom is fitted with two guides j, j, (Figure 8, one for each
grade of filling) which by preference are made in the form of eyes; and the weft
holder J at the left-hand side of the loom is fitted with two guides j', j', (Figure 10)
which by preference are made in the form of hooks; moreover, these weft holders
are moved simultaneously by the operation of a cam J (secured to the cam shaft G),
so as to place the proper eye guide and hook guide in the positions to hold the
filling to the weft carrier for introduction into the same shied at the proper times.
The cam J operates upon the weft holders J, J', through the intervention of the
friction wheel J³, the vibrating lever J*, the rod J5, the arm Jo, and the rock shaft J',
with which the shanks of the weft holders J, J¹, are connected. The weft thread or
filling at the left-hand side of the loom is passed through stationary eye guides j²,j²,
before being introduced into the hook guides of the weft holder.
In order that the loop of weft thread or filling introduced by the weft carrier
while moving in one direction across the shed may not move back with the said
carrier when it moves in the opposite direction a spring weft finger a (Figures 1, 5,
and 11) is provided at each end of the lay to enter and hold the end of the loop.
The spring appertaining to this weft finger permits it to yield as the head of the
weft carrier passes by it, and then causes the weft finger to move back and engage

page_text: in the loop. When the lay retrogrades, after having beaten up the filling, the weft
fingers withdraw from the loops.
In order that the tufting material may be introduced into the fabric it is wound
upon spools H of a length sufficient to hold the yarn required to form a row of tufts
across the fabric, the material for each tuft being wound on the spool in a belt or
zone. Each spool is fitted to turn upon journals which are held in a spool frame H¹
(represented more fully in Figures 12 and 13), and the longitudinal bar h of this
spool frame is fitted with as many short tubes or nozzles h¹ as there are tufts in a
row across the fabric. When the spools are prepared for use the ends of the tufting
material are passed from the spool through the tubes and permitted to protrude
sufficiently therefrom (say one inch) to be engaged in the warp of the fabric. As
many spools are used as there are to be rows of tufts in the pattern before the same
is repeated. In order that these spools may be held and presented in succession to
the mechanism which takes them and introduces the ends of the tufting yarns
between the warp threads two parallel endless chains H2 are provided; these chains
pass round sprocket wheels H³, Figure 14, secured to a shaft H that is supported
by the frame of the loom. The chains are long enough to hold a number of spool
frames corresponding with the numbers of rows of tufts required to form the design
before repetition, and the chains are supported upon a pair of sprocket wheels H³
(Figure 15) secured to a second shaft H, which is at the requisite distance from the
first sprocket-wheel shaft H* to hold the chains distended.
In order that each spool frame may be readily connected with and disconnected
from the carrying chains each chain is formed of single links h³ and double links h
in alternate succession, and the ends h³ (Figures 12 and 13) of the spool frames are
fitted to engage in the slots between the members of the double links; moreover,
each end of each spool frame is provided with a spring catch he, Figures 12 and 13,
whose inclined head when pressed against the outer edge of the inner member of
the double link yields, passes by the inner side of the link, and engages with its
inner edge, so as to hold the spool frame to the chain. The shank of these spring
catches h are passed through slots in the ends of the spool frames to their outer
sides, where they are in convenient positions to be forced inward, for the purpose of
disengaging the heads of the catches from the chains, and thereby releasing the
spool frames. Each spool frame is fitted with a spring brake h' which bears upon
the rim of one of the spool heads and prevents the spool from turning unless the
tufting material is drawn from it.
In order that the spools may be transferred in succession to the place where the
tufts are to be introduced, the lower sprocket wheel shaft H is turned intermittently
so as to place each spool frame in succession at its lowest position, as represented in
Figure 1, and the chains then remain at rest while the spool frame is taken from
them, is transferred to the place of weaving, is returned to the chains, and is liberated
by the spool transferring mechanism; the chains are then moved to bring the next
succeeding spool frame into its lowest position. The mechanism for turning the
lower sprocket wheel shaft H intermittently consists of a ratchet wheel secured to
the sprocket wheel shaft of a hook to operate on the ratchet teeth in succession so
as to pull them round, and of a cam and treddle to move that hook, the cam being
secured to the cam shaft G. A pawl also is provided to prevent retrogade move-
ment when the hook is retrograding. As the construction of such mechanism is
well understood by loom builders it is not represented in the Drawings.
In order that the spool frames may be taken from the carrying chains, two
transferring arms K, K, are provided, each being connected with an arm K¹ pro-
jecting from a rock shaft K2. The transferring arms (as represented in detail in
Figures 16, 17, 18, and 19), are pivotted to the rock shaft arms K¹, so that the
outer ends of the former may be inoved horizontally towards and from each other,
and their rear ends are inserted into guide slots at the hubs of the rock shaft
arms K¹, so that the transferring arms are prevented from wobbling relatively to
the rock shaft arms K¹ in vertical directions. The transferring arms are caused to

page_text: vibrate at the time when a spool frame is to be taken from the carrying chains and
transferred to its position for delivering tufted material to the fabric being woven,
and when the spool frame is to be returned to the carrying chains by means of a
cam K3 secured to the cam shaft G. This cam is constructed to operate upon the
rock shaft K2 of the transferring arms through the intervention of the friction wheel K',
lever K, and rod K, this rod being connected at its upper end with one of the
rock shaft arms K¹. The cam raises the transferring arms and permits them to
descend.
In order that the transferring arms may grasp and hold the spool frame, the
outer end of each transferring arm is fitted with a clutch K7 having three horns or
projections h, k, k, the first two k, k, being separated by a space sufficient to admit
the end of the spool frame casily between them. The third horn ¹ is arranged so
as to pass beneath the end of the spool frame. All these horns should be made
flaring at their inner sides so as to enable them to be readily applied to the ends of
the spool frames. In order that these clutches may be made to grasp the spool
frame and to release it as required in the operation of the loom, the inner ends of
the transferring arms K are connected by rods with the opposite ends of an inter-
mediate lever K which is pivotted to the transfer rock shaft K²; one end of the
lever K is connected with a spring K which tends to move the clutches inward so
that they grasp the spool frame between them. The clutches are moved outwards
to release the spool frame, and are permitted to move inward to grasp it at the
proper times in the operation of the loom by means of a cam K10 secured to the cam
shaft G. This clutch can operates upon the rear end of one of the vibrating arms K
through the intervention of the friction wheel K", lever K2, rod K13, and wedge K³, the
wedge entering between the end of the vibrating arm and a guide ² secured to the
hub of the rock shaft arm K¹. The cam K10 moves the wedge in one direction
and permits it to be moved in the reverse direction by a spring K The motion is
imparted from one of the vibrating arms to the other by means of the rods k* and
intermediate lever Kº.
According to this Invention the spool frames are presented to the warps with
their tubes in horizontal positions, and are then rocked so as to turn the ends of the
tufting material down between the warp threads. In order that the spool frames may
be so presented and rocked, each clutch K' is combined with the end of its respective
transferring arm by a pivot which permits it to be rocked, and in order that the
clutches may be rocked at proper times, as required in the operation of the loom, a
cam L, Figures 5 and 16, is secured to the cam shaft G, and is connected with the
clutches through the intervention of the friction wheel L¹, the arm L², the rod L³,
the clutch rock shaft L³, the arms L, L, and the rods 1, 1, these last being con-
nected by pivots 1, 1, with the clutches. The clutch cam L rocks the clutches in
one direction and permits them to be locked in the reverse direction by a spring L'
which is connected with the arm L³. The rocking cam L is so formed and set
relatively to the transfer cam K³ which moves the transferring arms K from and to
the carrying chains that when the spool frame is brought to the warps its tubes are
horizontal or thereabouts, and that these are turned downward and forward through
the warps by the rocking of the spool frame by the action of the rocking cam on
the clutches. In practice it is found convenient to take the spool frame from the
carrying chains when the spool frame is hanging vertically or thereabouts from the
lowest link of the chains, hence the rocking cam L is so formed as to rock the
clutches K7 during the downward movement of the transferring arms, and to thereby
place the tubes in horizontal positions by the time the spool frame reaches the warp
threads.
After the ends of the tufting material have been introduced between the warp
threads by the rocking of the spool frame, as above described, a shot of fine filling
is introduced into the shed to secure or fasten the ends of the tufting material, then
the ends are turned backward or away from the breast beam and upward previous
to the introduction of the next shot of coarse filling.
The turning of the ends of the tufting material backward is effected by a

page_text: 1.
reciprocating comb M (Figures 1, 2, 20, and 21), which is constructed to reciprocate
horizontally or thereabouts between the breast bean and the lay of the loom, and
beneath the position of the warp threads. This comb is connected by arms M¹
with the comb rock shaft M, and its movements are controlled by a cam M³
(Figures 5 and 20) secured to the cam shaft G. The cam acts upon the comb
tough the intervention of the friction wheel M, the lever M³, the rod M6, and the
rock shaft M, and its arms M, M¹. The cam moves the comb backward in the
loom and permits it to be moved forward by the action of a spring M³, which is
connected with the arm M. When the comb moves backward it is expedient
that it should be pressed upward with a yielding pressure, so that it may turn
the ends of the tufting material upwards, and when the comb is moved forward
i is expedient that it should be depressed, so that its teeth may clear the
fabric.
In order that the comb may be pressed upward and also depressed it is not con-
nected rigidly with the rock shaft arms M¹, but is connected with them at its ends
by pivots m (Figure 2), so that the comb teeth may be depressed and raised by
rocking the comb on these pivots. It is convenient to effect the depression of the
comb by the same cam M³ which moves it backward, and to this end the comb
stock is connected by an arm m³, links m², and lever m³, with the extended
extremity m¹ of the rod M, through which the comb cam M³ operates. This
rod M has a slot in it for the pin of the arm m, so that when the rod M is drawn
back by the comb cam M³ for the purpose of depressing the comb its slot moves
upon the pin of the arm M7, and does not move the comb forward. The comb cam
is fitted with a supplementary grade or projection m³ to operate the rod Me when
the comb is to be depressed. The comb is pressed upward with a yielding pressure
by means of a spring me, which operates upon the comb stock through the inter-
vention of an arm m¹ secured thereto. This spring tends to move the comb
upwards whenever it is permitted to do so by the comb cam M³, consequently
after the comb has been moved forward in the loom the turning of the cam
permits the comb to rise and resume its upper position, and to be pressed upward
by the spring during its backward movement. The stock of the comb is covered
by a guard plate M³, over which the fabric passes to the breast beam. and the rear
edge of the guard plate acts as a stop to limit the forward movement of the comb.
After the ends of the tufting material have been moved backward and turned
upward by the operation of the comb a shot of coarse filling is inserted by the
operation of the weft carrier I, then the spool frame is raised sufficiently to permit
the tufting material to be cut between the ends of the tubes and the fabric so as
to leave the row of tufts in the fabric and the tufting material protruding suffi-
ciently from the tubes to be in position for being inserted between the warp threads
the next time that same spool is brought into use in producing the design. This
partial raising of the spool frame is effected by the action of the transfer
cam K which moves the transferring arms, and after such raising the transferring
arms and spool frame remain at rest by reason of the form of the transfer cam until
the tufting material is cut.
The cutting of the tufting material is effected according to this Invention by
action of a disc cutter N (Figures 1, 2, 21, 22, and 23), which is caused to reci-
procate across the loom and to turn on its central axis as it moves along. This
disc cutter operates in connection with a fixed blade P, which is by preference
formed with a cutting edge so as to cut as well as support the tufting material for
the action of the disc cutter. The disc cutter N is pivotted to a carriage N¹, which
is constructed to slide crosswise of the loom upon the two slide bars N2, N2. The
opposite ends of this carriage are connected by cords n, n', with two pulleys N³, N,
secured to the shaft N, which is caused to turn alternately in opposite directions,
and at the proper times by the cam Ne (Figures 5 and 23) secured to the cam
shaft G. This cutting cam N° is connected with the cutter shaft N³ through the
intervention of the friction wheel n³, the lever N7, the cog segment N³, and the
pinion Nº. The carriage cords pass over pulley sheaves n*, n³, at opposite sides

page_text: of the loom are wound in opposite directions upon their respective pulleys N³, N,
and are secured thereto. Hence the turning of the cutter shaft in one direction
by the cutter cam lets out one cord and winds up the other so as to move the disc
cutter in one direction across the loom, and the turning of the cutter shaft in the
opposite direction reverses these movements, and moves the cutter in the opposite
direction across the loom. The disc cutter is caused to turn upon its axis while
it is moved crosswise of the loom and operating in combination with the fixed
blade.
The mechanism which it is preferred to use for the purpose of compelling the
disc cutter to revolve is the following:-A cog rack is secured to one of the
bars N2, and an upright shaft n is constructed to turn in bearings in the cutter
carriage. The upper end of this upright shaft is fitted with a pinion n³, whose
teeth are engaged with those of the rack no, and the lower end of the same shaft
is fitted with a cog wheel no, whose teeth are engaged with those of a second cog
wheel no, which is connected rigidly with the disc cutter N. Hence when the
cutter carriage is moved across the loom its shaft n' is compelled to revolve by the
action of the rack no upon the pinion n³, and the revolving movement is imparted
to the disc cutter through the intervention of the cog wheels nº, n10, which connect
the disc cutter with the carriage shaft n'.
In order that the disc cutter and fixed blade may be moved out of the way of
the spool frame at the time it is moved to the warp, and may be brought into the
proper positions for cutting after the spool frame has been moved back sufficiently
for that purpose, the fixed blade and the disc cutter are so connected with the loom
frame as to have a reciprocating movement towards and from each other. For this
purpose the stock P¹ of the fixed blade P is connected by arms P2 with a rock
shaft P3, and the slide bars N2 of the disc cutter carriage are connected by arms N10
with a second rock shaft N", so that by rocking the said rock shafts P³, N", the
two cutting implements may be moved towards and from the positions where the
tufting material is to be cut, which position is intermediate between the positions
of the two cutting implements when they are furthest apart.
The rocking of the shafts P³, N", is effected at the proper times by the action of
a cam Q (Figure 22) secured to the cam shaft G. This cam operates upon the rock
shaft P3 of the fixed blade P through the intervention of the friction wheel Q' and
arm Q2, and the movement is transmitted to the second rock shaft N" through the
intervention of the rock shaft arms P, N12, and a link Q3. Two sets of these rock
shaft arms and links are used, one set at each side of the loom, in order that the
cutters may be held together while the disc cutter is passing from one side of
fabric to the other during the cutting of the row of tufts. The cutter cam Q moves
the cutters towards each other, and permits them to be moved apart by the
operation of a spring Q. The arm Q², which imparts motion from the cam Q to
the first rock shaft P³, is made adjustable so as to enable the cutters to be set to
operate as required. When both cutters have cutting edges it is expedient to so
arrange the cutters relatively to each other that the edge of the disc cutter is under
that of the fixed cutter. The cutter cam N° for traversing the disc cutter N is of
such form that the disc cutter is moved crosswise to the left-hand side of the loom
while the cutters are separated, and is moved crosswise back again for cutting
while the cutters are held together by the action of the cam Q. After the tufts are
cut loose from the spool frame the latter is restored to its position in the carrying
chains by the upward movement of the transferring arms K by the action of the
transfer cam K³; then the clutches K7 are drawn apart by the action of the cam K10
so as to release the catches he of the spool frame, and permit them to secure the
spool frame to the carrying chains. The separation of the clutches is continued
sufficiently to cause them to stand clear of the spool frame, and the clutches are
held thus separated until the carrying chains have been moved sufficiently to
remove the spool frame that was last used from the range of movement of the
clutches, and to bring the next succeeding spool frame of the series within that range,

page_text: so that it may be taken from the carrying chains by the transferring mechanism, as
required in the operation of the loom.
In the weaving of the tufted fabrics by the loom, parts of which are represented
in the accompanying Drawings, it is preferred to introduce the tufting material at
every fourth shot of the filling; consequently the cams of the loom are so formed
and arranged as to operate in this manner, and to interweave three double shots of
coarse filling with the warp threads for each double shot of fine filling. This plan
of weaving may be changed, if deemed expedient, by modifying the cams as
required.
The forms of the various devices which have been described may be greatly varied
without changing substantially their mode of operation; thus, for example, the
transferring arms may be replaced by arms or blocks which move in straight lines
instead of vibrating upon a rocking axis. The forms of the rocking clutches and of
the spool frames may also be greatly varied, and also the mechanism for causing the
disc cutter to revolve.
It is preferred to have the edge of the disc cutter lap under that of the fixed
blade, but this arrangement may be reversed if deemed best.
It is also preferred to make both blades with sharp or cutting edges, but if deemed
best one of them only may have a sharp edge, while the other presents a flat bearing
against one side of the tufting material so as to sustain it while the sharp edge does
the cutting.
Cams are used for imparting the various movements to the members of the loom
with springs acting antagonistically to the cams, because these devices are believed
by the Inventors to be those best adapted to convert the rotary motion of the
revolving shaft of a loom into the peculiar reciprocating motions which are to be
imparted to the operating members, but other devices may be substituted for the
cams and springs, and the cams and springs may be transposed if deemed best.
Chains also have been used to carry the spool frames, but other means may be
employed to move them in succession to and from the position in which they are
taken by the clutches. So also the transmitting devices for transmitting the
motions from the cams or their substitutes to the various parts of the loom may
be changed as found expedient to suit the views of different constructors or users.
The spool frames also are described as detached from the chains when they are
moved to the position for having the ends of the tufting material inserted in the
fabric, but this is not necessary to the Invention, because portions of the chains may
be arranged to swing or move towards and from the warps, so that the spool frame
to be used may be moved to the warps and rocked to insert the tufting material
without detaching the spool frame from the chains, and after the tufts have been
cut loose from the material on the spool the chains may be swung or moved back
again, carrying the spool frame with them.
Instead of inserting the weft or filling from both sides of the loom in the same
shed the weft from the opposite sides of the loom may be inserted alternately in
successive sheds. In this case the weft carrier may be withdrawn after inserting
the weft from the side nearer its slide bar without being supplied with the weft
from the opposite side, and will be inserted in the next shed and be supplied at the
further side of the loom with weft, so that such weft may be drawn back through
the shed. The weft guides at the opposite sides of the loom should in this case be
moved by separate cams, so that the weft or filling at either side may be held for
engagement by the weft carrier independently of the weft at the opposite side of
the loom.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, I declare that I claim as the Invention,--
First. The combination substantially as above set forth of the moveable weft
holders at the two sides of the loom, and the weft carrier constructed with a head,
which is both forked and hooked, whereby the fillings selected at the opposite sides
of the loom are both introduced into the sheds by the same weft carrier.

page_text: Second. The combination substantially as before set forth of the weft carrier and
the yielding spring weft finger, whereby the loop of filling is introduced into the
shed, is engaged at the side thereof, and is held in the shed during the reverse
movement of the weft carrier.
Third. The combination substantially as before set forth of the weft carrier
constructed with a head which is both forked and hooked, and two yielding spring
weft fingers, one at each side of the loom, whereby loops of filling selected at either
side of the loom are engaged at the opposite side thereof, and are held in the
shed.
Fourth. The combination substantially as before set forth of the disc cutter and
the fixed cutter blade with the means whereby they are moved towards and from
the intermediate position at which the tufting material is cut.
Fifth. The combination substantially as before set forth of the disc cutter and
fixed cutter blade, the means for causing the said two cutters to move to and from
the intermediate position at which cutting is effected, the means for moving the
disc cutter crosswise of the loom, and the means for causing the disc cutter to revolve
during its crosswise movement.
Sixth. The combination substantially as before set forth of the transferring arms
and the rocking clutches for rocking the spool frames.
Seventh. The combination substantially as before set forth of the carrying chains,
the transferring arms and the rocking clutches.
Eighth. The combination substantially as before set forth of the comb and the
means for causing the comb to move horizontally and vertically.
In witness whereof, I, the said Sydney Pitt, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Second pay of January, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and seventy-seven.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the
within-named Sydney Pitt, in the
presence of
F. G. FRY,
4, Gloucester Place,
Greenwich.
SYDNEY PITT. (L.S.)