IMPROVEMENTS IN CHURNS OR APPARATUS HAD MAKING BUTTER
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Bradford, of 142 and 143, High Holborn,
in the County of Middlesex, and of the City of Manchester, Laundry
Engineer, for the Invention of “IMPROVEMENTS IN CHURNS OR APPARATUS
HAD MAKING BUTTER."
in the County of Middlesex, and of the City of Manchester, Laundry
Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN CHURNS OR APPARATUS
BAD MAKING BUTTER.”
Sealed the 20th November 1874, and dated the 29th September 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Bradford at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 29th September 1874.
I, THOMAS BRADFORD, of 142 and 143, High Holborn, in the County
of Middlesex, and of the City of Manchester, Laundry Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CHURNS OR APPARATUS FOR MAKING BUTTER," to be as follows:―
This Invention relates to improvements in churns or apparatus for
making butter, and these improvements consist in constructing the

page_text: churning apparatus of a square, oblong, or rectangular shaped vessel
(made of wood, glass, porcelain, or any other suitable material), with its
bottom fixed at an angle of about 45 degrees with its sides or ends, and
in applying above the lower part of the said inclined bottom about one-
third from the end nearest to the bottom of the incline a "dash" of
any suitable shape and material, having a spindle through it, and which
is actuated either by an ordinary crank handle, or when an alteration in
speed is desirable, by wheel gear contained in and fixed upon a suitable
metal box or framework attached to the side of the churn. The advan-
tage gained by this arrangement is that the action of the "dash" in
lifting and delivering the milk or cream from the lower to the upper
part of the said inclined bottom enables it in running back down the
incline to attain a very considerable force or momentum, which adds
considerable effect to the concussive force of the "dash," and thus more
speedily and efficiently accomplishes the process of churning.
A further improvement, and one more especially adapted to churns of
large size, and which it may be found desirable to work by wheel gear,
consists in making the dash with a central axle of suitable shape, from
which radiate in a spiral or worm-shaped form converging from each
end to the centre a number of spoon or oar-shaped projections or
beaters, which upon a rotating motion being given to the dash imparts
a central or converging motion to the milk or cream from each side of
the dash, which motion accomplishes the process of churning with a
very small expenditure of power.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, 2
filed by the said Thomas Bradford in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 25th March 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
BRADFORD, of 142 and 143, High Holborn, in the County of Middlesex, .
and of the City of Manchester, Laundry Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria by Hor Lottona
3

page_text: as and for the purposes above set forth, and as illustrated on the accom-
panying Sheet of Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Bradford, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Nineteenth day of March, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
five.
THOMAS BRADFORD. (L.S.)
Witness,
BRISTOW HUNT,
Solicitor and Patent Agent,
5, Serle Street,
Lincoln's Inn.