IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR CASTING OR FORMING CEILINGS AND FOR COATING. WALLS OR OTHER LARGE SURFACES REQUIRING ΤΟ BE PLASTERED to be ass
Year: 1884

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.'
I WALTER CLARK of 44 Goldstone Road; West Brighton in the county of
Sussex, Plasterer do hereby declare the nature of the said invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR CASTING OR FORMING CEILINGS
AND FOR
COATING. WALLS OR OTHER LARGE SURFACES REQUIRING ΤΟ BE
PLASTERED
to be as follows:-
23
This invention relates to the construction of a self supporting mould or moulds
to be employed in casting-ceilings and for like purposes, the said mould consisting
of brackets constructed in such a manner that each end of such bracket will bite
or grip a wall or partition of the room the ceiling of which is to be formed the
bracket being adapted to carry sufficient boarding of the required thickness to take
the weight of the material without bagging or dropping in the centre of the
ceiling. The bracket is made in halves so as to allow of its being expanded or
contracted at will by means of screws, so as to fit it to different sized rooms.
The material I use for forming the ceilings and the like is selenitic lime gauged
in the ordinary way; instead of the ordinary lathes I employ single wire of:
sufficient substance nailed to the under side of the joists or wire netting nailed to
the joists or where a fire proof ceiling is required I drive into the bottom side of
each joist an iron or zinc cramp the coating of lime being put in from the top
of the joist before the flooring is laid and an additional coating on this composed
of selenitic line mixed with sawdust in any suitable proportions, the whole acting
as a preventer of the transmission of sound and as a fire obstructer besides affording -
additional strength to the whole ceiling; the bridging I propose to construct with
clamps as before mentioned.
I also propose to plough groove the inside bottom edges of joists somewhat in
the form of a dovetail whereby I obtain a good key for the coating of selenitic
lime.
For coating walls the operation is substantially the same as that described for
casting or forming ceilings.
It will be obvious that by constructing the boarding carried by the brackets to
the shape of the ceiling or wall to be formed or coated the whole surface may be
completed in one operation.
……ונת
.
G. F. REDFERN,
Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: Improvements in the Method of and Apparatus for Casting or
Forming Ceilings, and for Coating Walls or other large
I WALTER CLARK of 44 Goldstone Road West Brighton in the county of
Sussex, Plasterer do hereby declare the nature of the said invention for " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR CASTING OR FORMING CEILINGS
AND FOR COATING WALLS OR OTHER LARGE SURFACES REQUIRING TO BE
"
PLASTERED and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to the construction of a self supporting mould or moulds
to be employed in casting ceilings and for like purposes the said mould consisting
of brackets or transverse bearers constructod in such a manner that each end of
such bracket or bearer will bite or grip a wall or partition or which can be fixed
to the joists of the room the ceiling of which is to be formed the bracket or bearer
being adapted to carry sufficient boarding of the required thickness to take the
weight of the material without bagging or dropping in the centre of the ceiling.
The bracket or bearer is made in halves so as to allow of its being expanded or
contracted at will by means of screws so as to fit it to different sized rooms.
The material I use for forming the ceilings and the like is selenitic lime gauged
in the ordinary way; instead of the ordinary laths I employ single wire of sufficient
substance nailed to the under side of the joists, or wire netting nailed to the
joists or, where a fire proof ceiling is required, I drive into the bottom or sides of
each joist an iron or zinc cramp or cramps the coating of lime being put in from
the top of the joist before the flooring is laid and an additional coating on this
composed of selenitic lime mixed with sawdust in any suitable proportions, the
whole acting as a preventer of the transmission of sound and as a tire obstructer
besides affording additional strength to the whole ceiling; the bridging I propose
to construct with cramps as before mentioned.
I also propose to plough groove the inside bottom edges of joists somewhat in
the form of a dovetail whereby I obtain a good key for the coating of selenitic
lime.
In order to enable my invention to be fully understood I will proceed to describe
the same by reference to the accompanying drawing in which figure 1, is a sectional
elevation shewing a portion of the walls and floor of a room with my improved
apparatus for casting or forming ceilings applied thereto the brackets (or trans-
verse bearers) being fixed by being caused to grip or bite the walls of the room;
figure 2, is a transverse section of figure 1; figures 3 and 4 are a side elevation and
a plan respectively of one of the brackets or transverse bearers.; figure 5, is a
similar view to figure 1, but shewing one of the brackets or transverse bearers
fixed to the joists of the room; figure 6, is a section shewing my improved method
of bridging the joists and also the method of forming the ceiling by the use of
wires instead of laths; figure 7 is a plan of the same. Similar letters in all the
figures represent similar parts.

page_text: I will first describe my invention by reference to figures 1 to 5 which illustrate
my self supporting mould.
a, a, a, a', are the brackets or transverse bearers of the self supporting mould or
moulds which brackets or bearers are adapted to carry sufficient boarding b, of the
required thickness to take the weight of the material c, of which the ceiling is
made without bagging or dropping in the centre of the ceiling. The brackets or
bearers are constructed of wood or iron in two parts or halves so as to allow of its
being expanded or contracted at will so as to fit it to different sized rooms;
d, d, are the screws or bolts which are passed through the slots e, as shewn in
figures 1, and 2 when the brackets or bearers a, a¹, are fixed by being caused to
grip or bite the walls f, of the room the ends of the brackets being serrated as
shewn at g, g, for this purpose. When however the brackets or bearers a, a¹, are
fixed by being suspended from the joists h, as shewn in figure 5, the screws or
bolts are passed through the holes i, in the brackets. This arrangement is
suitable for use in small spaces such as well staircases and the like. For fixing
the brackets in this manner I provide each part of the same with a hooked bolt j,
which bolt is passed through the bracket and booked over one of the joists h, as
shewn the lower end of the bolt is formed with a screw thread for receiving a
nut k, for adjusting the bracket; the moulds for casting the ceilings may be
constructed of boards b, of wood as shewn or be made of iron or other suitable
metal; 1, 1, represent the usual laths.
By this construction of apparatus the pins or bolts d, being loosened or removed
from their slots or holes the length of the brackets or bearers a, a¹, can be increased
or diminished to fit the space in which they are to be used and having been fixed
in position as hereinbefore described they are false boarded all over as shewn in
the drawing, b, representing the boards and the material to form the ceiling which
material is selenitic lime by preference gauged in the ordinary way, can then be
filled in at one operation if only a plain surface is required; after allowing the
material to harden the mould is struck and the ceiling finished off in the
ordinary way.
If it is required to make an ornamental ceiling I employ a mould or a series of
moulds in sections if the mould be too large to conveniently use in a single piece
the said sections being of an equal thickness so as to be laid flat on the boards b,
and by this method it is obvious that a ceiling of any required design could be
made in sections if of unusual size either in the negative or positive; the moulds
may be formed of gelatine, wax, plaster, india rubber, gutta percha or suitable
composition.
In figures 6, and 7, which illustrates the method of making ceilings by the
employment of wires instead of the ordinary laths, m, m, represent the wires of
galvanised iron, copper or brass fastened to the underneath side of the joists h, by
means of small staples or hooks n, n, made for this purpose stretched in such a
manner that when all the wires have been fixed the joists h, are firmly tied
together.
The bridging I employ when a fire-proof ceiling is required to be made I construct
of iron or zinc hooks o, o, with pointed heads turned in opposite directions and
driven into the sides of the joists in the mannner shewn.
When the ceiling has been wired and the mould fixed and the bridging effected
as hereinbefore described I mix selenitic lime with sand in suitable proportions or
if greater expedition is required I use selenitic lime mixed with plaster of Paris in
suitable proportions and I put the said composition in from the top of the joists h,
before the flooring is laid; if the latter composition be employed the boards can be
struck in about four or five hours and if the former in about twelve hours and there
would be no delay on account of damp or muggy weather. For dead sounding
I employ a composition of lime and sawdust in suitable proportions laid on the top
of the ceiling formed as before described; the wire should of course be strong enough
to allow of this being done. To make a thoroughly fireproof floor I stretch wire
on the top of the joists in a similar manner to that provided underneath the same

page_text: and I render the wire with a coat of material composed of selenitic lime and sand,
burnt ballast or shingle mixed with fibre hair or similar material worked to a proper
consistency and left rough to receive any suitable covering such as lime and sand in
suitable proportions trowelled smooth and lined out to any required design in colours
so as to imitate fresco painting; the whole is then treated with a silicate of lime in
solution and polished.
For partitions and other like. places where the hanging moulds would not be
applicable I cast sections or slabs of the face plastering of the same material as that
described for ceilings and fix the same with nails, screws or staples and finish the
setting coat in the ordinary manner. After the sections or slabs are fixed on the
partitions to a certain height I fill in between the partition so formed with lime
and sawdust as herein before described for ceilings leaving a space of about twelve
inches for the purposes of ventilation the passage of pipes and the like. Instead of
using lime as a fire-proofing material I can use a mixture of plaster and sawdust
either for ceilings or pugging.
The plough grooves which I employ are shewn at p, p, in the drawing the said
grooves being formed as shewn somewhat in the form of a dovetail whereby
I obtain a good key for the material c, of which the ceiling is formed.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
(1) The employment for the purpose of casting or forming ceilings of a bracket
constructed as described so that each end will bite or grip a wall or partition, or so
that it can be suspended from the joists of the room the ceiling of which is to be
formed the said bracket being adapted to carry the boarding or other moulds of the
ceiling substantially as and for the purpose herein before described.
(2) The use of selenitic lime alone or in combination with other suitable materials
such as those mentioned for forming ceilings substantially as described.
(3) The method of casting or forming ceilings by the employment of wire or
wire netting nailed to the under side of the joists of the room, the ceiling of which
is to be formed the lime or other material being put in from the top of the joist
before the flooring is laid substantially as and for the purposes herein before
described.
(4) The method of bridging the joists by means of metal cramps driven into
the joists substantially in the manner herein before described and shewn in the
accompanying drawing.
(5) The herein described method of forming fireproof ceilings as hereinbefore
described.
(6) Plough grooving the inside bottom edges of the joists of rooms substantially
as and for the purposes herein before described.
(7) The herein described method of casting or forming walls or partitions
substantially as set forth.
Tam of Tab 1005
. G. F. REDFERN,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, 4
Agent for the Applicant.