Improvements in Linings for Bleaching Kiers, Vats, Dye Tanks, and other Analogous Receptacles.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd Dec., 1888
Specification Accepted, 13th Apr., 1889
Improvements in Linings for Bleaching Kiers, Vats, Dye Tanks, and
other Analogous Receptacles.
I ROBERT PORTER FRIST of No. 11 West Eleventh Street in the City of Wilming-
fon County of Newcastle and State of Delaware United States of America Pattern
Maker do fiereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same
is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:--
The object of this invention is to provide such receptacles as bleaching kiers and
tanks and dye vats or the like with a lining which will not be injuriously affected by
the bleaching and dyeing liquids or compounds which they are to contain.
In the accompanying drawing :-
Figure 1 is a sectional view of a portable bleaching kier having my improved
lining applied thereto. Figure 2 is a sectional view of a lined dye vat or bleaching
tank; and Figures 3 and 4 are views showing the means employed for securing
the lining in place.
It has been customary in bleacheries to either make the bleaching kier entirely
of wood, or, when of iron, to line it with wood or to galvanize it, and in a few
cases, enamelling has been resorted to. This last process, however, is very expensive,
and therefore impracticable.
Galvanized linings for the kiers are objectionable, as the zinc coating is soon eaten
away, or worn or scaled off, thus exposing the iron, on which rust accumulates, and
the goods are stained when they come in contact with the rusted portion.
The common practice at present is to line the metal kiers with wood, but the
heat and chemicals in the bleaching solution cause the splintering or slivering of
the wood, thus causing injury to the goods being treated, and necessitating the
relining of the kier. Another great objection to the wood lining is that the solution
extracts the resinous matter from the wood, so that inferior wood cannot be used, as
the resin will impregnate the goods and discolour them.
I overcome all these objections by lining the kier or tank with chemically
prepared or treated fibre, such as celluvert, (a product manufactured by chemi-
cally treating fibrous material as described in Morrow's Specification No. 9319 of

page_text: 1885) vulcanised fibre, parchment fibre, and such like products resulting from the
treatment of vegetable fibres with acids or compounds having an acid base.
I have found by experiments that celluvert fibre is preferable, owing to the
fact that after the lining has been in use some time a skin or enamel is formed on the
lining by the bleaching solution, which skin eventually becomes as smooth as ordinary
enamel. The fibre is impervious to moisture, as the steam does not affect it in
any degree, whereas when wood lining is used, the wood becomes soaked, swells,
and warps, so that the lining soon becomes distorted and destroyed.
The prepared fibre lining, moreover, is of much less thickness than a wood
lining, so that it detracts much less from the capacity of the kier.
The lining is preferably made in the form of slabs, which may be secured to
the kier or tank in any suitable way for example by means of bolts passing through
the shell and lining of the kier, and having inside the kier cap nuts made of or
covered with celluvert or other similar prepared fibre, these cap nuts being
sufficiently large to cover a slot or enlarged opening in the lining to allow for the
slight expansion and contraction of the same. This is shown clearly in
Figures 3 and 4.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is:
-
1. A bleaching kier, tank, dye-vat, or similar receptacle, having a lining of
chemically prepared or treated fibre, substantially as hereinbefore set forth.
2. A bleaching kier or analogous receptacle, having a lining composed of slabs or
sheets of chemically prepared or treated fibrous material, securing bolts therefor, and
internal cap nuts made of or covered with prepared fibre substantially as hereinbefore
set forth.