matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SUGAR;
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Michael Henry at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
February 1873.-A communication from abroad by Louis Aristide
Auteuil de Savignon, of 17, Boulevart Saint Martin, Paris,
France.
I, MICHAEL HENRY, of Fleet Chambers, 68, Fleet Street, in the City
of London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SUGAR;" communi-
cated to me from abroad by Louis Aristide Auteuil de Savignon, of 17,
Boulevart Saint Martin, Paris, France, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the extraction of the saccharine juice from
the cells of the cane (or other substance whence sugar is to be obtained),
before the boiling or subsequent process of manufacture.
In ordinary processes the sugar is liable to ferment in the cells of the
cane before or after cutting, a liability increased by the heat of the sugar
house, so that crystalline sugar becomes converted into glucose, and the
juice often contains organic detritus, albuminous, and colouring sub-
stances and alkaline salts. To eliminate or neutralize these foreign

page_text: matters and purify the juice, expensive processes and apparatus have
been necessary, such as defecation charcoal, refining, and skimming.
Now the present Invention has for its object the extracting of the
juice or liquor in such manner as to avoid these evils.
According to this Invention the skin, rind, or cortical covering of t
the cane is first broken or crushed, or the cane is cut into a number
of discs or pieces which are dried and then treated with cold water either
after previously crushing or otherwise reducing them or not. By these
means pure saccharine solution or liquor is extracted from the cane.
In processes of absorption hot water is used to avoid fermentation, this 1
promotes the conversion of the sugar into glucose. It is best to crush
the discs or fragments of cane when dried to break the cellular tissue
and multiply the surfaces in contact with the water.
In carrying out the Invention the cut, broken, or crushed cane is
placed in vessels in which the water becomes gradually charged with the 1
sugar (a continuous series of apparatus may be used for the purpose).
The saccharine liquor is then removed to the boiling vessels or other
subsequently used apparatus.
By this Invention lime and other chemical refining agents may often
be dispensed with.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WHEELS FOR TRAMWAY CARRIAGES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Hadfield at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th August 1878.
I, ROBERT HADFIELD, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Steel
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WHEELS FOR TRAMWAY CARRIAGES," to be as
follows:-
Hitherto it has been the ordinary practice to furnish tramway
carriages with American or Swedish Arbogo plate wheels, such wheels
however being not only deficient in elasticity but also in lightness and
durability: Now in order to obviate these disadvantages and to dispense
with the future importation of such wheels and the expense attendant
thereon I have invented a steel wheel particularly applicable for tramway
carriages upon street railways, such wheel being manufactured of steel
and possessing in a high degree the requisite qualities of strength,
lightness, and elasticity combined with economy of cost in production.
For this purpose I take a wheel model of varying form or configuration,
and having a nave with a suitable hole therein for the reception of the
axle, which axle may run loose or be afterwards keyed and fastened

page_text: thereto, if desired, or if preferred a single solid disc wheel may be made
in a similar way to the above, by substituting a solid plate or disc
pattern wheel (commonly known as a "plate wheel "), but this form of
wheel is less desirable inasmuch as it does not possess the elasticity of
the before mentioned circular armed wheel. I mould the same in a
casting box containing composition, sand, or other material, I then pour
or otherwise introduce molten crucible cast steel into such casting box,
whereby I obtain at one operation a solid or hollow cored (as may be
desired) weldless skeleton steel tram wheel, such wheel being complete
in itself and having a nave and circular spokes, I afterwards place such
tram wheel in an annealing furnace, taking great care to heat, anneal,
and cool the same gradually.
Wheels constructed upon this principle will be found economical and
homogenous, of great strength and lightness, and possessing great
elasticity, their combination and form rendering them free from the
strains, jarring, and concussion existing in ordinary wheels, and their
wearing and lasting qualities being very great.
IMPROVEMENTS IN UNBREAKABLE PIPES AND CIGAR HOLDERS
Year: 1873

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jonas Schlesinger, of Paris, 21, Rue Martel,
Member of the Firm Schlesinger & Co., Importers of Foreign Goods,
at 21, Rue Martel, Paris, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
UNBREAKABLE PIPES AND CIGAR HOLDERS."
Sealed the 5th August 1873, and dated the 19th May 1873.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jonas Schlesinger at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 19th May 1873.
I, JONAS SCHLESINGER, of Paris, 21, Rue Martel, Member of the
5 Firm Schlesinger & Co., Importers of Foreign Goods, at 21, Ruc Martel,
Paris, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN UNBREAKABLE PIPES AND CIGAR HOLDERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the formation of unbreakable
meerschaum and other pipes and cigar holders.

page_text: It consists in inserting throughout the length of the stem of the pipe
or cigar holder a tube of silver or other suitable material. This tube is
by preference made in two parts which screw together, the one part
fitting into the mouth piece, and the other into the stem of the pipe.
This latter part of the tube has screws cut on it at both ends which are
screwed into screw holes, one in the solid part of the pipe beneath the
bowl, and the other at the end of the stem where the mouth piece joins
on; the screw at this end projects, so that the portion of the tube
carrying the mouth piece may be screwed on to it, and thus connect the
mouth piece to the stem of the pipe. The mouth end of the tube fitting
the mouth piece is made slightly conical so as to prevent the mouth
piece from slipping of.
If mufomad the tube man he made in one niec
IMPROVEMENTS IN SIGNALLING APPARATUS, & IN THE LAMPS & LENSES EMPLOYED THEREIN, THES AID IMPROVEMENTS BEING PARTLY APPLICABLE FOR USE IN SHIPS AND PARTLY FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John James Nickoll at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th August 1878.
I, JOHN JAMES NICKOLL, of South Hill House, Gravesend, in the
County of Kent, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SIGNALLING APPARATUS, & IN THE LAMPS
& LENSES EMPLOYED THEREIN, THES AID IMPROVEMENTS BEING PARTLY APPLICABLE
FOR USE IN SHIPS AND PARTLY FOR OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to signalling apparatus used on board ship con-
nected to and operated by the helm in order to indicate at a distance
the position of the said helm, and also to the construction of the
coloured lenses employed in such apparatus or for other purposes.
The first part of my Invention consists in a novel arrangement of
signalling apparatus operated by the movement of the helm on board
ship, the object of the said improvement being to economize the space
occupied by such apparatus in the rigging, and to simplify the means of
operating it. In order to effect this I employ a lamp the party-coloured
lens of which is adapted to revolve, in some cases horizontally, in others

page_text: vertically, around or in front of the light. The lens is constructed of a
peculiarly curved form, so adapted as to throw the light of the lamp in
the required directions.
'
In some cases instead of the lens revolving an opaque or coloured
shade or shades may be made to revolve outside the lens or between it 5
and the light, whilst the lens remains stationary.
Motion is to be imparted to the lens or shades from the helm by any
convenient means, such for example as cords or chains and pulleys.
The second part of my Invention consists in constructing coloured
lenses employed in such apparatus as that above mentioned, or for other 1
purposes, by forming the lenses of white glass with a thin film of
coloured glass covering one or both surfaces thereof, instead of making
them of coloured glass throughout, as heretofore practised.
Light passed through coloured lenses constructed according to my
Invention suffers much less diminution of intensity than when passed 1
through lenses constructed in the ordinary manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF PREPARING OR FINISHING LEATHER USED FOR COVERING ROLLERS EMPLOYED IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING AND SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Albert Gillett at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st March 1873.
I, GEORGE ALBERT GILLETT, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE METHOD OF PREPARING OR FINISHING LEATHER USED FOR COVERING ROLLERS
EMPLOYED IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING AND SPINNING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS
MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
The usual method of preparing leather for this purpose is to apply a
varnish of shellac to the grain side of the leather, and then finish or
polish the surface with a glass or crystal rubber. The defects of this
method of finishing the leather for this purpose are that the varnish
hardens the grain or outer side of the leather, and renders it inelastic to
a great extent, and the leather cannot be stretched to its full extent
when covering the roller, and consequently the covers are apt to become
loose; and another fault is that this varnish fills up the pores of the
leather and prevents it from absorbing a sufficient quantity of the
varnish subsequently employed on the finished rollers, and hence having
only a surface coating they require to be very frequently varnished.

page_text: My improved method of finishing leather for this purpose consists in
dispensing entirely with the coating with varnish and polishing usually
practised, and in roughening the grain surface of the leather by the
application thereto of glass paper, sand paper, emery cloth, or other
similar substance. This method leaves the leather in a much more 5
clastic and pliable state for covering the rollers, and consequently the
leather covers are not so liable to become loose, and in addition to this
the surface of the leather being rough and the pores open is in a much
more suitable state to receive the final coating of varnish; and as the
varnish penetrates into and saturates the body of the leather the roller 1
will run for a much longer time without requiring revarnishing.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SASH AND OTHER WEIGHTS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joshua James Eamonson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th July 1873.
I, JOSHUA JAMES EAMONSON, of 11, Dowgate Hill, in the City of
London, Iron Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SASH AND OTHER WEIGHTS," to be as follows,
that is to say :-
This Invention consists in making sash weights, clock weights, ballast
and other weights of metallic, slate, whereby I am enabled to make such
weights at a cheaper rate than if made of iron or lead, and also to utilize
fragments and slabs of slate which are usually wasted owing to defect of
color or otherwise.
To carry out my Invention for sash and clock weights I saw the slate
into suitable lengths of a rectangular, square, or other desired form,
drilling holes on the side and top of each length for attaching the cord or

page_text: line thereto, or for clock weights a hole may be drilled entirely through
the weight for attaching the cord.
For ballast weights I make use of waste blocks of slate, which I
roughly square, and then drill a hole in the top thereof to allow of the
insertion of a hook to lift them.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF 'STRAW SHAKERS' TO BE USED IN CONNECTION WITH THRASHING MACHINES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Humphries and
Matthew Ridley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 29th May 1873.
We, EDWARD HUMPHRIES, of Pershore, in the County of Worcester,
Machinist, and MATTHEW RIDLEY, of the same Place, Machinist, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF 'STRAW SHAKERS' TO BE USED IN
CONNECTION WITH THRASHING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
A coiled spring of steel or other suitable material is fixed by one end
thereof to a support placed in juxtaposition to either end of each shaker,
the other end of the spring having attached thereto a lever or link
arranged near the end of the shaker. The power of the spring when it
its normal position suffices to raise the lever or link together with the
end of the shaker to a point immediately above the spring, the necessary
reverse motion being produced by means of a crank or other suitable and
known appliance arranged so as by its revolution or motion to act upon
the end of the shaker in proximity thereto, and to bring the latter which

page_text: by its own weight assists the operation downwards, thus compressing the
spring and lowering the opposite end of the shaker. An alternating
motion of the shaker is thus produced which is capable of effecting the
desired results with greater facility than the contrivances hitherto
adopted for the like purpose.
AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR PREPARING AMMONIA FROM URINE
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Armand Gilbee at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st November 1873.-A. communication from abroad by A. W.
Wellemberg, of Stockholm, in the Kingdom of Sweden.
I, WILLIAM ARMAND GILBEE, of the Firm of L. de Fontainemoreau
& Co., of 4, South Street, Finsbury, in the County of Middlesex, Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED PROCESS FOR PREPARING AMMONIA FROM URINE," to be as follows,
that is to say :-
It has been known since a long time that a great part of the nitro-
genous compounds found in urine after keeping for a considerable time
pass into the state of ammonia. Acting on this principle ammonia has
heretofore been prepared by allowing urine to putrify or ferment, but
this method has many inconveniences, the formation of ammonia goes
on slowly and consequently requires great space and large or numerous
fermenting vessels, all the nitrogenous matter does not pass into the
state of ammonia, a part of the ammonia escapes during fermentation
and effects the air in the works. From all these circumstances it has
not hitherto been possible to carry on with advantage the preparation

page_text: of ammonia from urine, and urine has been unprofitable and is con-
sequently only employed in case of necessity.
The object of my improved process is to convert the nitrogenous
compounds of urine into ammonia as speedily and completely as possible,
and to completely collect the same. I proceed in the following manner:
-Urine quite fresh (old may also be used) is boiled together with caustic
alkali or alkaline earths (preferably with lime as it is the cheapest) in a
closed vessel, provided with an outlet for the steam. The boiling is
carried on either by the direct action of fire or by means of steam.
Ammonia is simultaneously formed and escapes with the steam through
an outlet pipe which leads to a washing bottle, and thence to a cooler,
or otherwise direct to the cooler, there to be condensed to liquid
ammonia, which runs into a collecting vessel or otherwise direct into
some acid which takes up the ammonia so that a salt thereof is formed.
By a like process I can saturate an acid by allowing the vapour of
ammonia to pass direct from the boiling vessel into the acid without
using a cooler.
The apparatus varies in form, size, and arrangement, according to the
extent and purpose of the manufacture and the locality.
The quantity of the alkali or lime is regulated according to the
quantity of nitrogenous compounds found in the urine which are to be
converted into ammonia, and may vary between one per cent. and twenty
per cent.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Crabtree, William
Henry Bottomley, John Shackleton, and John Naylor at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 18th
December 1873.
We, WILLIAM CRABTREE, Loom Maker, WILLIAM HENRY BOTTOMLEY,
Warp Agent, JOHN SHACKLETON, Dyer, all three of Bradford, in the
County of York, and JOHN NAYLOR, Manufacturer, of Bingley, in the
County aforesaid, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING, AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED
THEREWITH," to be as follows, that is to say:-
Our Invention relates to employing a self-acting gear for the purpose
of delivering the warps at any required pressure or tension, and to carry
the warps through the loom with the same number of picks whatever
cuts they may have on; also making each cut mark come together at
the same time, producing an even fabric, preventing the warps from
twisting or stretching, and doing away with the weights, levers, and
ropes now in use. For this purpose we employ a lever fixed to the warp
beam, which in revolving comes in contact with a peg wheel, actuates a
pinion fixed on a spur wheel, and giving motion to double stud wheels;

page_text: or we can use small bevel or mitre wheels. The double stud wheels
give motion to a worm actuating a worm wheel or spur wheel; this
worm wheel or spur wheel operates on a screw, pressing a spring placed
in spring guides; the spring acts on a break fitted to the warp beam end,
giving any required pressure or tension, or taking it off. By these means
we deliver the warps at any required pressure, and also carry the warps
through the loom with the same number of picks whatever cuts may be
on, making each cut come together at the same time and producing an
even fabric without twisting or stretching.
We can employ two spur wheels instead of the double stud wheels,
or the bevil or mitre wheels.
The wheel gear is fitted in a bracket fixed to the loom frame.
We also employ two springs for the warps to give and take, giving
ease to the warps to get the weft in; or we use a shaft acting as an
excentric, running the whole width of the loom. This excentric shaft is 1
fitted in brackets fixed on the back beam of the loom, and is actuated
by a spur wheel fixed on the crank shaft; to the spur wheel is fitted a
small connecting rod, actuating the excentric shaft.
We also reduce the weight or pressure in proportion to the taking off
of the warps by means of change pinions or wheels.
We fit a break on each end of the warp beam, and we either fit a gear
to each break or have only one break acted on by the gear, the other
break being only fitted with the spring and spring guide.
2
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS POR GOVERNING AND REGULATING THE SPEED OF STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1873

page_text: 1
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jesse Kirkman at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
January 1873.
I, JESSE KIRKMAN, of Chorley, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
POR GOVERNING AND REGULATING THE SPEED OF STEAM ENGINES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention is applicable to that class of steam engines which are
worked with valves which require to be raised by motive power, but fall
by their own weight whether aided by springs or otherwise. Hitherto
such engines have been regulated by the action of a governor on an
ordinary throttle valve, and hence when the load has been withdrawn
and the "racing" of the engine has closed the throttle valve to a con-
siderable extent the steam has become "wire drawn," the area and lift
of the valves being always constant. Now my Invention consists
principally of an arrangement of apparatus whereby I am enabled to
keep the throttle valve always open (or to dispense with it altogether),
and to regulate the admission of steam to the cylinder by giving moro

page_text: or less lift to the valve, such regulation of lift being effected by the
action of the governor. By these means the steam does not become
withdrawn, and the pressure of the steam in the cylinder is always equal
to that in the boiler whether the load is on or off the engine.
The means by which I propose to effect this object is as follows :-
Instead of working the valve by a tappet fixed on a shaft, such tappet
having a constant lift as heretofore, I provide a conical formed or taper
tappet, and by sliding the tappet along the shaft so as to bring the
larger or smaller diameter of such conical tappet beneath the foot of the
valve, I give more or less lift to the latter, and consequently admit more
or less steam to the cylinder.
The rises on the tappets are grooved or stepped transversely so as to
prevent the foot of the valve from having a tendency to thrust the
conical tappet sideways, and the foot of the valve is either similarly
grooved or provided with a grooved wheel for the same purpose.
The conical tappet is connected to the governor of the steam engine
by rods in such a way that as the speed increases it brings the smaller
part of the tappet under the foot of the valve and so diminishes the
"lift" and as the speed decreases it brings the larger part of the tappet
into action and thus increases the "lift," and thus the amount of steam
admitted to the cylinder is always proportioned to the work required
to be done without any alteration in the position of the throttle valve.
1 Any kind of governor may be employed that has sufficient power to
slide the conical tappet on its shaft.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ANNEALING POTS AND SAUCERS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Philip Thomas Woodruff at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th March 1878.
I, PHILIP THOMAS WOODBUFF, of Machen, in the County of Mon-
5 mouth, Ironfounder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ANNEALING POTS AND SAUCERS," to
be as follows:—
My Invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of annealing
pots, whether made of wrought or cast iron, and also of saucers or cups
used to hold the said annealing pots in the process of annealing plates,
thin sheet iron, or other articles.
My Invention consists in cutting or dividing the pots from top to
bottom, or across the top, or in other suitable way, and in cutting or
dividing the saucers in a similar way, so as to allow for the expansion
5 or contraction of the iron when heating or cooling.
And in order to prevent the air from getting into the pot, I cover the

page_text: slot or division over with a piece of cast or wrought iron fitting in the
slot, and covered over with clay, sand, or other material that will stand
fire, or the slot may be covered over with clay only or with other suitable
material.
AN IMPROVED MACHINE OR APPARATUS FOR DRAWING TOGETHER AND SECURING THE ENDS OF HOOPS OR BANDS AROUND BALES OF COTTON OR OTHER MERCHANDISE, PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William McNabb at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
April 1873.
I, WILLIAM MCNABB, of Foulden Road, Stoke Newington, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention.
for "AN IMPROVED MACHINE OR APPARATUS FOR DRAWING TOGETHER AND
SECURING THE ENDS OF HOOPS OR BANDS AROUND BALES OF COTTON OR OTHER
MERCHANDISE, PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER
USEFUL PURPOSES," to be as follows (that is to say) :-
My Invention has reference,-
Firstly. To an improved machine or apparatus for drawing together
the ends of hoops or bands around bales of cotton or other merchandise
for the purpose of enabling the same to be subsequently fastened by
rivets, transverse pins, or otherwise, as required.
Secondly. Constructing the machine or apparatus aforesaid for pullin
together and punching or indenting the ends of hoops or bands, so that
they may be secured in accordance with my former improvements,

page_text: Patents No. 911 and 1607, dated 29th March 1870 and 19th June 1871,
or with rivets, or any other means of fastening the same.
Thirdly. The rack and pinion motion may be applied either as an
improved means for pulling together or pushing apart or for lifting or
lowering purposes, or for obtaining a reverse motion, the pinion moving 5
the racks a distance equal to twice its circumference in one revolution,
whilst the said racks travel in opposite directions, thus giving motion to
any machine or apparatus when so applied.
The machine or apparatus consists of a frame or sliding bars worked
by a rack and pinion motion in connection with wedge-shaped tightening 1
clips or claws for taking hold of the ends of the band and pulling it
around the bale, an arrangement of plates and guides carrying one or
more sets of punches or dies being also employed in connection with the
same for perforating the bands brought together by the action of the
sliding bars and tightening clips aforesaid. By the above arrangement 1
the machine required for pulling up the hoop can be employed seperately
or in combination with the punching apparatus above referred to.
The action of the machine is as follows:-Having passed the hoop
around the bale (the machine being suspended or held in front of the
operator) the claws first take hold of the ends of the hoop and are pulled 2
together by a rack and pinion movement, which thereby tightens the
band around the bale in position to be operated on by the dies for
perforating the ends of the hoop. The machine is then passed on to the
next hoop on the bale, and again indented and operated upon in like
manner.
2
IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLERS USED IN SPINNING AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Smith at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
December 1873.
I, SAMUEL SMITH, Machine Maker, of Low Bridge Works, Keighley,
3 in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ROLLERS USED IN SPINNING AND FOR OTHER
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to employing rollers made of wood, iron, or
other metals, in which the leather or other covering is allowed to run
loose on the face, doing away with the present plan of fixed covers for
rollers now used in machinery for spinning wool, cotton, or other fibres;
also in having an outside rim made of iron or other metal, or of wood, or
of india-rubber, or of any other suitable covering, running loose on the
face of rollers or wheels used in traction engines or for other purposes.
For this purpose I employ a wood or metal roller having a recess on the
face, and having a flange formed on one side. In the recess I place a
covering formed of a leather ring or of any other suitable material; a
loose flange is then fitted on the rim of the roller, keeping the ring in its
place.

page_text: I also construct my improved rollers in some cases with fluted, plane,
or raised faces to prevent friction. By these means I construct drawing
or other rollers, preventing uneven surfaces, consequently uneven
drawing, doing away with the frequent changes and the frequent
covering of rollers, giving a great saving in power and expense.
I also construct rollers or wheels for traction engines or for other
purposes with the outside rim running loose on the face of the roller or
wheel. The rim may be made of iron or of any other metal, or of wood,
or of india-rubber. In some cases the faces are made fluted or raised to
prevent friction.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING HACKLE, GILL, CARD, OR OTHER PINS AND TEETH, USED IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING WOOLLEN, COTTON FLAX, OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John James Richardson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th July 1873.
I, JOHN JAMES RICHARDSON, of Horsforth, near Leeds, in the County
of York, do hereby declaro the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING HACKLE,
GILL, CARD, OR OTHER PINS AND TEETH, USED IN MACHINERY FOR PREPARING
WOOLLEN, COTTON, FLAX, OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to so form the pins or teeth that a
much less amount of grinding is required, a saving of metal and labour
being thereby produced.
On suitable framework I mount a pair of adjustable rollers so
arranged that they may be placed at any required distance apart. These
rollers are provided with a series of grooves more or less taper, as may be
required, those in the top roller coinciding with those in the bottom
roller. Any required number of grooves to suit the different sizes of
pins or teeth may be made. It is not in this arrangement intended to
bring the pin or tooth into its proper form by once passing through the

page_text: rollers, but gradually by passing it through a series of grooves; but of
course some sizes may be formed by once passing through. I give by
preference to this machinery a rotary reciprocating motion, but in some
cases a continuous rotary motion may be employed, the required motion
being imparted from suitable known motive power. The material is by
preference passed between the rollers red hot.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RAFTS, CHIEPLY DESIGNED FOR PRESERVING LIFE AT SEA
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Whittemore Torrey at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 28th May 1873.
I, Samuel WhITTEMORE TORREY, of the City and State of New York,
United States of America, now of No. 8, Southampton Buildings,
London, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RAFTS, CHIEPLY DESIGNED FOR
PRESERVING LIFE AT SEA," to be as follows:-
.
My said Invention relates to the construction of rafts to be carried on
board sea going vessels for use instead of boats for preserving life in
shipwrecks and other disasters; the said rafts are constructed with
hollow cylinders which when the raft is used are inflated with air.
These cylinders are composed of india-rubber and canvas combined
with gutta percha to prevent softening in warm climates, and to prevent
the oxidation of the india-rubber and mildew of the canvass I apply
carbolic acid to the same. The said cylinders are arranged parcllel with
each other and are secured in bands or hoops of brass rivetted to frames
of seasoned hickory or other suitable material. The said hoops receive
strips of hickory which are secured by brass thumb screws and which

page_text: serve either as rowlocks, or keels. The said rafts are provided with a
deck preferably formed of hickory planks mortised together.
In my improved raft no cloth is exposed to the action of the elements
and therefore it will not become waterlogged. If an accident should
happen to the cylinders they can be immediately replaced or repaired
without difficulty. As both sides of the raft are alike it will always fall
right side upward. A mast can be readily erected and provided with
a sail. When not in use the cylinders may be exhausted and rolled
up and the raft may be stowed compactly away; the keels permit the
raft to be sailed close to the wind. The similar parts are made to fit
interchangeably in their places and the raft can be enlarged by the
addition of frames and cylinders.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY CARRIAGES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Whight at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st May
1873. A communication from abroad by William Bolton Rogerson,
of Paterson, New Jersey, United States of America.
I, GEORGE WEIGHT, of Ipswich, in the County of Suffolk, Machine
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY CARRIAGES," a communication, to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to railway carriages of that class wherein the
body of the carriage is made separate from the under portion or truck,
and the said Invention consists in the peculiar contrivances for sup-
porting the carriage body upon the truck.
Also in the employment of wheel guards for holding the wheels in case
A MEDICAL PREPARATION FOR THE CURE OR TREATMENT OF SPLINTS, SPAVINS, CURBS, RING BONES, AND OTHER LIKE DISEASES OF HORSES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Reed John Sellman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th October 1873.
I, REED JOHN SELLMAN, of Crowhurst, Sussex, Farmer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "A MEDICAL PREPARATION FOR
THE CURE OR TREATMENT OF SPLINTS, SPAVINS, CURBS, RING BONES, AND OTHER
LIKE DISEASES OF HORSES," to be as follows (that is to say) :-
This Invention relates to a medical preparation for the cure or
treatment of splints, spavins, curbs, ring bones, and other like diseases
of horses. It consists in the employment of a lotion composed of
corrosive sublimate (bichloride of mercury), dissolved in alcohol (spirits
of wine).
A useful proportion will be found to be one ounce of alcohol to half
an ounce of corrosive sublimate. To enable the alcohol to dissolve this
quantity of corrosive sublimate they should be subjected to a low heat,

page_text: A convenient method of accomplishing this is as follows:-Place the
alcohol and the corrosive sublimate together in a bottle and immerse the
bottle in boiling water until the corrosive sublimate is dissolved, when
the bottle should be removed. After cooling the lotion will be ready
for use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COMBER BOARDS AND HARNESS USED IN WEAVING
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Cass at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th June
1873.
I, JOHN CASS, Manufacturer, of Cassandra Shed, Dudley Hill, near
Bradford, in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COMBER BOARDS AND HARNESS USED IN
WEAVING," to be as follows, that is to say :-
My Invention relates to employing comber boards pierced with a
greater number of holes and harnesses made with a greater number of
cords having extra weights placed thereon than heretofore. For this
purpose I employ comber boards made about the same width as usual,
but pierced with double the usual number of holes, or more and smaller
in diameter; through these holes pass the harness cords to which are
attached heavier weights than usual.
I also employ eight neck cords instead of sixteen as in an ordinary
engine heretofore used, so that the first neck cords take the second row

page_text: of holes in the first row in the comber boards instead of the first row of
holes on the second row, the other cords in the harness working in a
similar manner. By these means I can weave patterns producing a
solid figure on a solid ground.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HEADS FOR BILLIARD RESTS, AND IN MARKING BOARDS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Samuel Burroughes at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 11th December 1873.
I, JAMES SAMUEL BURROUGHES, of the Firm of Burroughes and
Watts, of Soho Square, in the County of Middlesox, Billiard Table
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HEADS FOR BILLIARD RESTS, AND IN
MARKING BOARDS," to be as follows:-
The heads of billiard rests when manufactured of wood or ivory have
the defect that the polish soon wears from their surface and thero is
then too much friction between cuc and rest when making the stroke;
such as are made of metal are not equally open to the same objection,
but their weight renders them very unhandy, and this weight cannot be
much lessened as there must be a sufficient thickness of metal to give a
suitable bearing to the cuc. I propose to obviate these defects (which,
though apparently slight, seriously affect the result of billiard contests),
by making my rest heads of porcelain or other glazed pottery ware,
materials lighter than motal, and yet capable of receiving a polish or a

page_text: glaze which will not readily disappear under the rubbing of the billiard
cuc.
My improved rest heads will be moulded to any of the forms at
present in use, or to any others that may be found more suitable and
will be styled "ceramic;" the handle, which may be of wood or any f
other material, will be screwed into the head, be attached to it by nut
and washer, or be otherwise fitted as may be found most convenient.
My improvement in the marking boards consists in substituting
porcelain or glazed pottery ware in lieu of wood or ivory for the shifting
indexes which run along the board, the advantage being that such ]
may be of a pure white color, and being casily kept clean will be
more conspicuous than those made of wood or ivory upon which it
is often difficult to recognise the spot or other mark distinguishing
them.
I also propose to make the buttons or knobs by which the slides used 1
in the game of pool are opened and closed, of porcclain or of glazed
pottery ware. Such buttons or knobs will be very advantageous, tho
various colors being burnt in will do away with the annoyance caused
by the wearing off of the colors as in those now in use; further, being
glazed over they are also casily kept clean and bright, and will be more
readily distinguished than such as are now used.
2
Im- PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER PULP
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walter Weldon at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
November 1873.
I, WALTER WELDON, of Abbey Lodge, Merton, in the County of
Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for “ Im-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER PULP," to be as follows:-
In treating fibrous materials for the manufacture of paper pulp the
first step ordinarily is to boil them usually under pressure in a strong
solution of caustic soda.
My said Invention consists in boiling or digesting them instead of in
a solution of caustic alkali in the solution obtained by adding caustic
lime to a solution of chloride of calcium.
The so much cheaper agent lime could be substituted for caustic soda
or caustic potash for many of the purposes for which the latter are
exclusively employed, if it were not for its so much smaller solubility in
water and for its being less soluble in hot water than in cold. In
solution of chloride of calcium however, lime is freely soluble while
retaining its alkaline properties, and the hotter that solution the more
lime it will dissolve.

page_text: For many purposes the presence of the solvent would preclude the
substitution for caustic alkali of caustic lime dissolved in solution of
chloride of calcium; but this is not the case as regards the cleansing of
rags for use in the manufacture of paper, nor as regards the separation
from raw fibres for use for the same purpose of the gummy, silicious, and
other encrusting matters, which are at present removed from them by
means of caustic soda. For these purposes therefore I use lime dissolved
in solution of chloride of calcium.
For many purposes the presence of the solvent would preclude the
substitution for caustic alkali of caustic lime dissolved in solution of
chloride of calcium; but this is not the case as regards the cleansing of
rags for use in the manufacture of paper, nor as regards the separation
from raw fibres for use for the same purpose of the gummy, silicious, and
other encrusting matters, which are at present removed from them by
means of caustic soda. For these purposes therefore I use lime dissolved
in solution of chloride of calcium.
In some cases I use more lime than will at first dissolve, in order that
the solution may renew itself as fast as the lime at first dissolved in it
enters into combination.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAving
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Lockwood and Allen
Chappell at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 6th December 1878.
We, THOMAS LOCKWOOD, Power Loom Tuner, and ALLEN CHAPPELL,
Working Engineer, both of Linthwaite,. in the County of York, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LOOMS FOR WEAving,” to be as follows :——
This Invention relates to improvements in woollen looms of the class
known as “Hutchinson's" loom, and has for its object a ready and self
acting means of putting the picking apparatus out of gear or motion
when the slay is moved by hand for the purpose of finding broken weft,
or for other like purposes.
We construct the picking rod in two lengths, and mount on each of
the loose ends a runner or friction bowl, between which, when the loom
is at work, the point of a wedge-shaped instrument (or other mechanical
equivalent) rests; such instrument is suspended in that position by an
adjustable rod from the "rainbow lever."
When it is desireable the slay should be moved without the picker
acting, the "rainbow lever" and rod will be raised, and the wedge or

page_text: widest portion of the instrument herein referred to will be forced
between the runners on the ends of the picking rods, forcing the same
outwards, whereon the other ends of the said rods act on the picking
bowls, and so put them out of gear or position for picking. Standards
from the framing of the loom support.. the separate positions of the b
divided picking rod.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FEEDING WOOL, COTTON, OR OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS TO CARDING OR OTHER MACHINES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David M Millan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th
November 1878.
I, DAVID MOMILLAN, of Huddersfield, in the County of York,
Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FEEDING WOOL, COTTON, OR OTHER FIBROUS
MATERIALS TO CARDING OR OTHER MACHINES," to be as follows, that is to
say:-
This Invention relates to the apparatus now well known as "Evans
and King's First Feed" for feeding wool, cotton, or other fibrous
materials to carding or other machines.
One improvement has for its objects to reduce the distance of fall, and
improve the falling action of the fibrous materials on their passage from
the hooked roller to the weighing scale, and thence down to the endless
feed apron which carries them forward to the carding or other machine.
And the improvement consists principally in constructing the weighing
scale so as to divide along its middle and drop the fibrous materials

page_text: down between the two halves. The two halves of the scale are centred
on end frames carried by the weighing levers, and are counterbalanced
so as to tend to close. The pendent rod, which by engaging with the
hook-toothed revolving wheel empties the scale at the proper time, is
connected by two links to the two halves of the scale, and when it is
pulled down makes these halves turn on their centres, so as to separate
and drop the fibrous materials. The end frames of the scale and the
weighing levers are prevented by stops from descending more than is
necessary to make the pendent rod engage with the hook-toothed wheel.
With this arrangement the weighing scale may be placed much closer to
the feed apron below it, and to the parts above it, and the fibrous
materials are not so liable as hitherto to be objectionably rolled in
falling.
Another improvement consists in substituting for the hook-toothed
wheel and its spring casing a plain continuously revolving pulley with
a belt which is led round it and round an upper pulley, the pin or
equivalent on the pendent rod being arranged to project just within the
belt and near the descending side of the lower pulley, so that when the
pendent rod descends by the weight of the scale on its becoming full
enough, the pin or equivalent is carried down round the pulley into
contact with the belt, and being then gripped between the belt and
pulley is carried round and made to empty the scale.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Pecl at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
July 1873.
I, WILLIAM PEEL, of Oswaldtwistle, in the County of Lancaster,
Overlooker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
“IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as follows :-
This Invention relates to improved means and apparatus for gradually
casing or retarding the shuttle when entering the shuttle box and for
checking the picker after picking.
To arrest the motion of the shuttle on entering the shuttle box
without shock I attach to each of the picker spindles a thong of leather
as usual; the loose end of cach thong is hooked or secured to a short
lever the fulcrum pin of which is secured to the front of the slay,
the two levers are connected by a wire extending in front of the slay,
and such wire is embraced by or works through loops of leather or other
suitable material for imparting friction to the wire.
The shuttle on entering the box forces the picker against the leather
thong on the picker spindle, whereon the lever attached to the thong

page_text: draws the wire through the loops and by the friction given to the wire
on passing through the loops eases the motion of the shuttle as soon as
it enters the shuttle box. The movement of the wire through the loops
will have drawn the lever of the opposite box forward ready for the
return "pick" whereon the wire will be drawn through the loops again
to its original position.
•
To check the picker after picking I employ a thong of leather, one end
of which is on the picker spindle, the other end being secured to a lever
having its fulcrum under the slay. On the fulcrum pin or on the boss
of the lever is a projection to which one end of a spiral spring is
secured, the other end of the spring being secured to the under side
of the slay. On each "pick" the picker will act on the thong, the
lever and spiral spring breaking the force of the blow and, so preserving
the picker from injury.