Improvements in Ovens for Baking Bread and for Analogous Purposes.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 12th May, 1888
Complete Specification Left, 12th Mar., 1889
Complete Specification Accepted, 27th Apr., 1889
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Ovens for Baking Bread and for Analogous
Purposes.
1, JAMES KIDMAN, Baker and Confectioner, of Wimbledon Hill Road, Wimbledon,
in the county of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of my invention to be as
follows:-
My invention relates to that class of ovens in which the furnace or combustion space
is separated from the baking space or oven proper, and it has for its object, to
increase the econom, efficiency and general utility of such ovens.
My improved oven chiefly comprises a lower baking chamber or oven, the roof of
which is Hat and formed by a series of I iron girders placed at such distances apart,
that the spans may be conveniently bridged over by bricks or stones resting with their
edges on the bottom flanges of the girders; an upper baking chamber or oven separated
from the lower oven by the flat roof just described, and somewhat less in height than
the lower oven; a fire-place situated side-ways under the floor of the lower oven; a
main flue extending from the furnace underneath the lower oven diagonally to the
back thereof, then vertically upward beyond the top of the upper oven, then horizon-
tally forward above the roof of the upper oven and finally into the chimney; also a
number of auxiliary flues, dampers and doors, as hereinafter more fully explained, and
indicated on the annexed drawing, which is a front view of an oven embodying my
invention.
In this drawing, A represents the door of the lower oven and B, B, the doors of the
upper oven, C, is the furnace door, C the ash-pit door. A small auxiliary flue extends
from the combustion space vertically up to the floor of the upper oven, so as to admit
hot air directly from the furnace either into the lower or into the upper oven, when
desired. Ordinarily, the upper end of this flue is closed by a cover or a damper not
shown in the drawing, and another damper D serves to establish or interrupt commu-
nication between the flue and the lower oven. A similar flue, situated on the opposite
side of the oven, serves to establish communication between the lower main flue and
the upper or the lower oven when required. D' is the handle of the damper which

page_text: admits hot gases of combustion or hot air from the said flue directly to the lower oven.
E is the handle of a damper situated at the back of the lower oven and serving to
establish communication between the latter and the chimney. F is the handle of the
main damper, situated at the back of the oven and serving to establish or interrupt
communication between the main flue and the chimney.
If both D or D¹ and E are open, the hot gases will pass directly from the furnace
through the lower oven into the chimney (or into the upper part of the main flue).
If 1 and D are closed, while E and the door A are open, the lower oven will be
cooled by a current of atmospheric air. Ordinarily, the gases of combustion pass from
the furnace under the floor of the oxen diagonally to the opposite back corner, then
ascend, and pass over the top of the upper oven into the chimney.
The roof of the upper or return flue may be covered with earth forming the soil of
a conservatory, in order to utilize the heat which may escape from the roof of the
upper flue, and a water heater or boiler may be placed in the vertical, or any other
convenient part of the main flue.
The steam generated in the boiler may be utilized by leading it through a pipe to
the proving cupboard before allowing it to escape into the atmosphere. The floor of
the lower oven is preferably about 2' 11", and that of the upper oven about 4' 4"
above the floor of the room.
FAIRFAX & WETTER,
433, Strand, London,
Agents for the Applicant..

page_text: D.
I, JAMES KIDMAN, Baker and Confectioner, of Wimbledon Hill Road, Wimbledon,
in the county of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of my invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained intand
by the following statement :-
My invention relates to that class of ovens, in which the furnace or combustion space
is separated from the baking space or oven proper, and more especially to continuous
deck ovens, the principal object being to bring the upper oven so close to the lower
one, that both can be conveniently served from the floor of the bakery house without
requiring a raised stand or a stage, but the invention also serves to economise fuel and
time and to increase the general utility of such ovens.
In the following description reference will be made to the annexed drawing, which
represents an oven embodying my invention, and in which Fig. 1, is a front view;
Fig. 2, a vertical section along A, A, of Fig. 1; Fig. 3, a horizontal section along
line B, B; and Fig. 4 a horizontal section along line C, C, of Fig. 1.
My improved oven chiefly comprises a lower baking chamber or oven, O, the roof of
which is flat and formed by a series of iron girders, g. placed at such distances apart,
that the spans may be conveniently bridged over by bricks or slabs s resting with their
edges on the bottom.flanges of the girders; an upper baking chamber or oven, O¹,
separated from the lower oven by the flat roof just described, and somewhat less in
height than the lower oven; a fireplace F, situated sideways under the floor of the
lower oven; a main flue F', extending from the furnace underneath the lower oven
diagonally to the back thereof, then upward beyond the top of the upper oven, then
borizontally forward above the roof of the upper oven and finally into the chimney, as
indicated by arrows; also a number of auxiliary flues, dampers and doors as hereinafter
more fully explained.
The lower oven is served through a door D), situated in the centre, and the upper
oven through a pair of doors D', D₁, situated symmetrically right and left of the centre
line, as shown in Figs. 3 and 4. The back of the lower oven is connected with the upper
part of the flue F', by a short auxiliary flue o, shown in Figs. 2 and 4, and the upper
oven is connected with the same flue by a central opening o' in the roof of the Oven O',
as shown in Fig. 2.
An auxiliary flue f leads from the fire place directly to the lower oven, through
the floor of a recess formed in the front wall, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3, and a
similar flue, situated symmetrically on the left side of the oven, as shown in Fig. 3,
serves to establish direct communication between the lower part of the main flue Fi
and the lower oven.
One of the two recesses formed in the front wall as described, and shown in
Fig. 3, namely, that one which is situated over the furnace F, extends up to the
top of the lower oven and communicates with the upper oven through an auxiliary
flue f, situated vertically over the flue f, so as to admit hot air or gases to the upper
oven directly from the furnace. The flue f. may be covered with a damper 5, and the
fluef with a damper 6.
As shown in Fig. 2, the main door D, is set in a recess of the front wall, which has,
in front of the door, and above the same, the usual steam flue, leading up to the main
Blue F¹

page_text: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, are dampers, movable horizontally and operated from the front of
10.
the oven by corresponding handles h¹
D2 is the furnace door, D³, the ash pit door; R, the arched roof of the lower main
flue; R, the roof of the upper main flue.
W represents any suitable water heater, heated by the upper main flue and serving
to reduce the waste of heat. w is a pipe connected with W, and leading the hot water
to the bake house, where it may be utilised in heating the proofing cupboard.
For heating the oven before the baking commences, I open the damper 1, in the
main flue while the dampers 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. as well as the doors D, D', and D², are
closed.
The vapours formed in the lower oven may be allowed to escape into the main
flue, by opening the damper 2, and those formed in the upper oven, by opening the
damper 3.
If the dampers 2, and 4, or 2 and 5, are open, hot gases or air will pass from the lower
main fue F, or furnace F, directly into the oven Q, and escape from the same through
the auxiliary flue o. If the damper 3 is open, hot gases may be admitted to the
oven 01, from the top.
If dampers 4 and 5, are closed, while damper 2, and door D are open, a current
of cold air will enter at D and escape at 2, thereby cooling the lower oven.
The substitution of a flat roof composed of girders g. and slabs s for the arched roof
usually employed, has the following advantages: firstly, it diminishes the height of
the upper oven above the floor of the bake house, and, secondly, it facilitates the trans-
mission of heat from the lower to the upper oven. In the same manner, the metallic
roof of the upper oven facilitates the transmission of heat from the upper main flue F¹.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, 1 declare that what 1
claim is :-
1-A continuous deck oven, in which the upper oven is separated from the lower
oven by a thin, flat roof only.
2-A continuous oven, having a thin flat roof composed of iron girders, and slabs of
earthenware or stone, and serving to heat the baking space.
3-A continuous deck oven having a main flue passing under the floor of the lower
and over the roof of the upper oven, and thin flat roofs adapted to heat the upper oven
from top and bottom.
4-A continuous deck oven, having a lower baking space O, upper baking
space 0, lower roof composed of girders g and slabs s, a thin metallic upper roof,
and main flue F¹, extending under the floor of the lower, and over the top of the
upper oven.
5-A continuous oven, having one or two direct flues f, an auxiliary flue o and
corresponding dampers, (2, 4, 5).
6-A continuous deck oven, having one or two direct flues f to the lower oven, a
direct flue to the upper oven, auxiliary flues o and o¹, and corresponding dampers.
7-A continuous deck oven, having a lower oven O, upper oven 01, a thin flat roof
formed by girders g, and slabs 8; furnaces F, main flue Fi; auxiliary flues o and o¹;
direct flues, and f, and corresponding dampers.
The whole substantially as described and illustrated.
Dator this 10th day of March 1980