Improvements in Pneumatic Tyres."
Year: 1896

page_text: TUN.
"Improvements in Pneumatic Tyres."
I, JOSEPH GLOVER of 40 Tremadoc Road, Clapham, London, Civil Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to an improved construction of pneumatic tyre of the
"tubeless" type, i.e., the type consisting only of an air proof cover divided cir-
cumferentially along its under or inner side and having its divided edges co
constructed, shaped, and adapted to operate, that the continuity of the tube 18
completed when it is seated in the wheel rim and it becomes capable of con-
taining air under pressure.
According to my invention I cause the divided edges of the tyre to make an
air-tight joint by utilizing the tilting action which takes place at the divide!
edges of the covers of pneumatic tyres which engage with the wheel rim at
some distance from the said edge, when the air tubes are inflated.
In carrying this invention into practice I form on the edges of the air tigh
tover-which is constructed of rubber reinforced with canvas or other fabric in
the well-known manner and having an unstretchable tread depending flanges
which are stiffened by the introduction of canvas, hard rubber or other suitable
material, the construction being such that the said flanged edges have the
requisite amount of elasticity to permit the tyre being mounted on and dis-
mounted from the wheel rim, which has a groove or depression running circu:n-
ferentially round it in the centre of its concavity to receive the said flanges on
the edges of the tyre.
The flanged edges of the tyre may either abut against one another or against
a circumferential flange placed in the groove in the wheel rim, the said flange
being preferably of a cone shape n cross section and either made of, or faced
with, soft rubber, the said faces may either be plain, corrugated, stepped or
roughened.
The flanges on the edges of the tyre are made of such a size and shape with
respect to the groove or depression in the wheel rim that they make an air-tight
joint between themselves, or between themselves and the flange in the said
groove or depression as the case may be, before inflation of the tyre is com-
menced.
When air is pumped into the tyre, the flanged edges rock on the edges of the
central groove, or depression and become more firmly pressed either one against
the other, or both against the flange in the central groove or depression in the
wheel rim as the case may be.
Dated this 22nd day of December 1896.

page_text: improvemеноз та спецшные лугов.
I, JOSEPH GLOVER of 40, Tremadoc Road, Clapham, in the County of Surrey,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to an improved construction of pneumatic tyre of the
"tubeless" type ie, the type consisting of an air-proof cover divided circum-
ferentially on its under or inner side and having its divided edges so constructed,
shaped and adapted to operate that its continuity is completed when seated in
the wheel rim, and it becomes capable of containing air under pressure.
I attain this end by forming on the divided edges of the tyre extensions or
flanges adapted to so engage with the wheel rim and with each other, that they
form an initial seal or air-tight joint when seated in the rim, and when inflation
is commenced the extension or flange on one of the edges of the tyre is caused
to tilt due to the tension of the tyre and thus become more firmly jambed
against the extension or flange on the other edge of the tyre.
In the accompanying drawing which illustrates this invention:—
Figure 1 is a view in transverse section of one form my invention may assum.
Figure 2 is a similar view showing the same tyre with one of its edges
detached from the wheel rim, and
Figures 3 and 4 are similar views showing further modifications.
Throughout the views similar parts are marked with like letters of reference.
Referring to Figures 1 and 2. The tyre A which is made of rubber reinforced
with canvas and lined with rubber or other air-proof material in the well-known
manner, has extensions or flanges b¹ on its edges a a¹. The extension or
flange b is of a rectangular shape in cross section as shown and it is flexibly
attached to the edge a of the tyre so that it can readily assume the position
shown in Figure 1. The extension or flange b', which is preferably of a triangular
shape for a purpose which will presently be made clear, is the locking extension
or flange and it is flexibly attached to the edge a¹ of the tyre by that edge
forming its apex as shown.
The wheel rim C, which may be made either of wood or metal and if of metal
either of the solid or hollow type, has the usual concave groove in its outer fare
and at the centre of the said groove is a second circumferential groove c which
is preferably of a dovetail shape in cross section.
The extensions or flanges b 61 are made of any suitable material which wn:le
giving them the necessary stiffness also allows them sufficient elasticity to permit
of their being stretched over the edges of the wheel rim so that they can seat
themselves in the groove c.
.
In order to make the extension or flanges better able to withstand the crushing
strain to which they are subjected I sometimes reinforce them with wire inser-
tions D of any suitable form that will not destroy their circumferential elasticity.
To mount the tyre on the wheel rim the edge al is first mounted in the
concave groove and the extension or flange bi is laid approximately horizontally
in the groove c with its base towards its own side of the said groove as shown by
Figure 1. The other edge a is then mounted in the concave groove of the rim
and the extension or flange b is inserted vertically in the groove c and is pressed
down between the apex of the extension or flange b and the side of the groove
thereby forming an initial seal or air-tight joint between the edges of the tyre,
the engaging parts of the extensions or flanges 6 and b being faced with soft
rubber or its equivalent. When the tyre is inflated the tendency is for the

page_text: extensions or flanges b and b to escape from the groove c in the wheel rim,
but as the pull of the edge a¹ is on the apex of the extension or flange b¹ it
causes the said extension or flange to tilt or rock upon the side of the groove c
against which its base rests which owing to its inclined position causes it ta
become more tightly jambed against the extension or flange b on the other
edge a of the tyre.
To dismount the tyre after deflation the extension or flange b is first with-
drawn from the groove c in the wheel rim when the other extension or flange
can readily be withdrawn.
As a modification the extensions or flanges on the edges of the tyre may he
both arranged to act independently, in which case they both act as locking
extensions or flanges their apices engaging with a central circumferential flange
in the groove c in the wheel rim and their bases 62 abutting against the dove-
tailed sides of the said groove.
Figure 3 shows such a construction in which the circumferential flange E
is shown as forming part of the wheel rim C, but this construction is not
obligatory, as the flange may be made of rubber or other suitable material
adapted to be sprung or otherwise attached to the rim.
As a further modification the edge a of the tyre may be fixed to the wheel
rim by cement or otherwise.
To dismount tyres constructed according to these modifications short lengths
of tape or their equivalents are attached to the bases of the extensions or flanges 1
to provide means for lifting the said extensions or flanges out of engagement
with the grooves c in the rims.
'
Although I prefer to make the groove c in the wheel rim of a dovetail shape
in cross section this is not obligatory as it may be made with straight parallel
sides as shown by Figure 4, the side of the groove against which the base of
the extension or flange rests being preferably channelled to afford a purchase
for the said extension or flange.
It will be seen that in a tyre constructed according to this invention when
inflation is commenced the tension of the tyre causes the locking extension r
flange to tilt and become jambed firmly against either the other extension or
flange, or the side of the groove in the rim, as the case may be. In order that
the locking extension or flange b should act efficiently its length must bear a
specific relation to the width of the groove in the rim, and it must lie in the
said groove at a certain angle with the extension or flange b, or with the side
of the said groove.
To ensure it lying in the required position and also to
prevent its collapse due to the internal pressure of the tyre it is preferably made
of a triangular shape in cross section so as to nearly fill the space in the groove
in the rim.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
(1) The improved pneumatic tyre constructed arranged and adapted to operate
substantially as herein specified.
(2) A "tubeless" pneumatic tyre having extensions or flanges on its edges
which are adapted to fit in a groove in the wheel rim and abut against each
other so as to form an initial seal or air-tight joint, and one of which is caused
by the tension of the tyre due to its inflation to tilt in the groove in the rim
and thereby become jambed more firmly against the other extension or flange,
as set forth.
"
(3) A "tubeless pneumatic tyre having extensions or flanges on its edges
each of which is adapted to fit in and engage. with a groove in the wheel rim
and form an initial seal or air-tight joint therewith, the said extensions or
flanges being caused to tilt in their grooves or the inflation of the tyre whereby

page_text: they become more firmly engaged with the said grooves and the seal or air-
tight joint is made more perfect, as set forth.
(4) A "tubeless" pneumatic tyre, the divided edges of which are brought
together and sealed when the tyre is seated in the wheel rim, by reason of the
extensions or flanges carried by one or both of its edges being caused to tilt by the
tension set up by the inflation of the tyre, as set forth.
(5) The method of attaching a tyre to the rim, by means of the leverage pre-
duced by the tilt of the flange or flanges thereof, substantially as set forth.
Datd this 22nd day of September 1897.
J. GLOVER