IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CRUSHING AND PULVERIZING ORES AND MINERALS AND OTHER HARD SUBSTANCES
Year: 1876

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Sunderland, of Handsworth, in the County of
Stafford, Woollen Draper, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR CRUSHING AND PULVERIZING ORES AND MINERALS AND OTHER HARD
SUBSTANCES."
Scaled the 18th May 1877, and dated the 5th December 1876.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left. by the said Henry Sunderland at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th December 1876.
HENRY SUNDERLAND, of Handsworth, in the County of Stafford, Woollen Draper.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CRUSHING AND PULVERIZING ORES AND
MINERALS AND OTHER HARD SUBSTANCES."
My Invention consists of the construction and arrangement of parts herein-after
described of machinery for crushing and pulverizing ores and minerals and other
hard substances.
In constructing machinery according to my Invention I mount a strong crushing
block upon a horizontal axis, so that it is capable of an oscillatory motion, the said
horizontal axis being situated a short distance from the lower end of the block.
The said oscillating block has an oblong or rectangular figure, and its opposite
longer sides constitute two crushing surfaces. The said block is made by preference
hollow, and either of cast iron or chilled cast iron, or of steel. The lower half of
the oscillating block is situated and works between two strong uprights forming the
fixed crushing blocks of the machine. The upper halves of the inner sides of these
fixed crushing blocks are inclined from their tops downwards, the said inclined
parts constituting the acting crushing surfaces of the fixed blocks. Two pairs of
crushing surfaces are thus provided, one of the fixed blocks and one side of the
oscillating block forming one pair of crushing surfaces, and the other side of the
Oscillating block and the other fixed block forming the other pair of crushing
surfaces.
When the oscillating block is vertical or at the middle of its stroke a wedge-
shaped space is situated between each side of the oscillating block and the fixed
block facing it, and into these spaces the ore, mineral, or substance to be crushed

page_text: and pulverized falls, the ore, mineral, or substance being fed to the said spaces in any
convenient way.
As the oscillating block in its motion inclines to the right hand or left hand it
crushes and pulverizes the ore or mineral between itself and the fixed block or
surface; a double action is thereby. obtained, the oscillating block operating by its
motion in either direction.
The oscillatory motion may be given to the block by a cam or crank on a hori-
zontal shaft acting upon it near its upper end.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Henry Sunderland in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 30th
May 1877.
HENRY SUNDERLAND, of Handsworth, in the County of Stafford, Woollen Draper.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CRUSHING AND PULVERIZING ORES AND
MINERALS AND OTHER HARD SUBSTANCES."
My Invention consists of the construction and arrangement of parts herein-after
described of machinery for crushing and pulverizing ores and minerals and other
hard substances.
In constructing machinery according to my Invention I mount a strong crushing
block upon a horizontal axis, so that it is capable of an oscillatory motion, the said
horizontal axis being situated a short distance from the lower end of the block.
The said oscillating block has an oblong or rectangular figure, and its opposite
longer sides constitute two crushing surfaces. The said block is made by preference
hollow, and either of cast iron or chilled cast iron, or of steel. The lower half of
the oscillating block is situated and works between two strong uprights forming the
fixed crushing block of the machine. The upper halves of the inner sides of these
fixed crushing blocks are inclined from their tops downwards, the said inclined
parts constituting the acting crushing surfaces of the fixed blocks. Two pairs of
crushing surfaces are thus provided, one of the fixed blocks and one side of the
oscillating block forming one pair of crushing surfaces, and the other side of the
oscillating block and the other fixed block forming the other pair of crushing
surfaces.
When the oscillating block is vertical or at the middle of its stroke a wedge-
shaped space is situated between each side of the oscillating block and the fixed
block facing it, and into these spaces the ore, mineral, or substance to be crushed
and pulverized falls, the ore, mineral, or substance being fed to the said spaces in any
convenient way.
As the oscillating block in its motion inclines to the right hand or left hand it
crushes and pulverizes the ore or mineral between itself and the fixed block or
surface; a double action is thereby obtained, the oscillating block operating by its
motion in either direction.
The oscillatory motion may be given to the block by a cam or crank on a hori
zontal shaft acting upon it near its upper or lower end.
I will now describe with reference to the accompanying Drawings the manner in
which my Invention may be performed.
Figure 1 represents in side elevation, Figure 2 in end elevation, and Figure 3 in
cross section machinery for crushing and pulverizing ores or minerals and other
hard substances, the said machinery being constructed according to my Invention.
The same letters of reference indicate the same parts.
a is the strong crushing block mounted on the horizontal axis a³, upon which it
is capable of an oscillating motion. The said axis a² works in the bearings c, c, on
the base plate d of the machine, the said axis being situated, as represented, at a
short distance from the lower end of the crushing block a. The lower parts of the

page_text: sides marked f, g, of the oscillating block a are toothed or serrated in the ordinary
way, and constitute two crushing surfaces; h, i, are strong uprights, between which
the lower half of the oscillating crushing block a works. The said uprights h, i,
constitute the fixed crushing blocks or surfaces of the machine, the inner surfaces
of the said blocks being toothed or serrated. The inner or acting sides of the
crushing blocks h, i, are inclined from their tops downwards, as represented. By
an examination of Figure 3 it will be seen that the machine is furnished with two
pairs of crushing surfaces, the fixed block h and the side g of the oscillating
block a forming one pair of crushing surfaces, and the fixed block i and the other
side of the oscillating block a forming the other pair of crushing surfaces. The
ore or other material to be operated upon is supplied to the spaces between the pairs
of crushing surfaces g, h, and f, i, by the hoppers h, l.
The oscillating motion is given to the crushing block a by the cranked
driving shaft b, the crank 62 of which works in the vertical slot (see Figure 3)
near the upper end of the said block a. The said driving shaft b works in the
bearings m, m, carried by the uprights de, d³, of the machine, and the said shaft b
may be worked by hand by means of the hand wheels p, p, or by steam or other
power. The blocks h, i, between which the oscillating block a works are capable
of being adjusted nearer to or further from the crushing surfaces g, f, of the said
block a so as to adapt the machine to crush and pulverize the material to the
required degree of fineness. This adjustment of the said blocks h, i, is effected by
the set screws q, q, and the said blocks are fixed after adjustment by the screw
bolts and nuts at r, r.
In Figure 3 the two crushing spaces are represented adjusted, to different
widths.
When the oscillating block a is vertical or at the middle of its stroke, as repre-
sented in Figure 3, the material to be crushed and pulverized passes from the
hoppers, k, into the wedge-shaped space between each pair of crushing surfaces g, h,
and f, i.
As the oscillating block a in its motion inclines to the right hand or left hand by
the action of the cranked shaft b, 62, on its upper end the said block a crushes and
pulverizes the ore or material between one or other of the pairs of crushing
surfaces g, h, or f, i, the crushed and pulverized material escaping from the machine
at the openings in the bed plate d, as represented in Figure 3. By constructing
and arranging the parts of the machine as described and illustrated a double
action is obtained, the oscillating block a operating by its motion in either
direction.
The parts of the machine may be inverted, that is to say, the oscillating crushing
block may be worked from the bottom of the machine instead of from the top.
This modification of my Invention is illustrated in vertical section in Figure 4
and side elevation in Figure 5, and a separate view of one of the fixed crushing
blocks in Figure 6. In this modification the oscillating crushing block turning
on the axis a² at the top of the machine is furnished at bottom with a strong arm a³,
to which motion is given by the cranked shaft b, 2. The crusbed and pulverized
material escapes from the two pairs of crushing surfaces by the spouts at t, t. The
side blocks,, may be adjusted by screws at and packing pieces, as seen in
Figure 4. The action of this arrangement is essentially the same as that herein
first described, and corresponding parts are marked with the same letters of
reference.
Having now described the nature of my Invention and the manner in which the
same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I claim as my Invention,
the improvements in machinery for crushing and pulverizing ores and minerals and
other hard substances, herein-before described and illustrated in the accompanying
Drawings, that is to say, the combination of the oscillating crushing block a and
adjustable side crushing surfaces h, i, situated on each side of the said oscillating
block whereby a double action is obtained, the said oscillating block operating by
its motion in either direction, the said oscillating crushing block being constructed

page_text: and worked and being combined with the side crushing surfaces, substantially as
described and illustrated.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Sunderland, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.