Improvements in and relating to Earthenware Pipes.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 18th Oct., 1898-Accepted, 21st Jan., 1899
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION (AMENDED).
Improvements in and relating to Earthenware Pipes.
We, JOHN HUTCHISON, of 106, St. Vincent Lane, Glasgow, Mason, and JAMES
FINDLAY, of Aunick-bank by Irvine, Manufacturer and Coal Master, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
-
It relates to earthenware pipes and has for its principal objects:
1st. To enable workmen to fix such pipes more rapidly and with greater
precision than hitherto:
2nd. To prevent the nozzles thereof getting depressed within their faucets:
3rd. To prevent cement getting within the water-way of such pipes;
4th. To prevent drain pipes getting choked:
5th. To enable a single length of pipe to be inserted easily in a drain in the
place of one which has been removed therefrom without disturbing the rest of
the pipes which compose the drain.
The invention will be better understood if reference is made to the accom-
panying drawings, in which:-
Figure 1 is an end view in perspective shewing one modification of an
earthenware pipe faucet made in acordance with this invention:
Figures 2 and 3 are plan and section views of the faucet shewn in Fig. 1:
Figures 4 and 5 are views in section and plan of another modification of the
invention as applied to an earthenware pipe faucet:
Figures 6 and 7 are views in perspective shewing fragmentary drain pipes
combined with half faucets and a semi-circular cover therefor;
Figure 8 is an inside view in perspective of a semi-circular cover for a half
faucet, made in accordance with this invention:
Figure 9 represents in elevation, section and dotted lines the manner of using
certain parts of this invention:
Figure 10 is a view in perspective similar to Figure 6:
Figure 11 is a view in perspective similar to Figure 8:
Figures 12 to 14 represent three views of an earthenware pipe with faucet
formed on the outside of it and a loose ring collar for covering the joint.
Similar letters of reference and numerals throughout the illustrations indicate
corresponding parts.
In carrying out one modification of this invention (as shewn in Figs. 1, 2
and 3) in connection with an earthenware drain pipe A having a faucet end a¹;
the said faucet is formed internally with a crescent or saddle shaped stool or
step a for supporting the nozzle end, b, of another length of pipe B, when the
latter is inserted therein; so that the two lengths A and B may be kept in their
relative positions whilst the faucet cavity is filled with cement whereby the
said pipes are united together.
This faucet is not designed for use with liquid, but with paste cement.

page_text: When fixing, more or less horizontally, together the said earthenware drain
pipes indicated by A and B in the drawings and made in accordance with this,
first named, modification, the pipe sections A and B are placed together with
the aforesaid stool or step a² at the bottom suitably for the nozzle end of the
next pipe section to rest upon it, saddle wise, whilst the stiff cement is filled
into the interior of the faucet chamber a³.
These crescent or saddle shaped stools or steps a² insure the possibility of every
such pipe nozzle as being fitted within its proper faucet with precision and in
truc alignment with the other sections. The said stool forms an unyielding and
unvarying support for the nozzle end of an associate pipe B, so that two
sections, A and B, when thus joined together form a channel or waterway with
an undeviating base line a, b, and without any liability of the said nozzle end
sinking into the cement or other stuffing in a³.
There is no packing or cement required, for purposes of alignment, between the
upper face of the stool a² and the underside of the nozzle 61, for when the said
nozzle rests upon the stool as shewn in Figures 3 and 4 the inner surfaces at, 2,
of the pipes are in true alignment.
This crescent or saddle shaped stool a² is shewn in Figures 1 and 2.
Another modification of the invention (shewn in Figures 4 and 5) comprises one
faucet cavity, a, formed within another one, a³, in an earthenware drain pipe A;
the diameter of the innermost one, a, being a little larger than that of the
nozzle end, b¹ of the pipe B, and the other, or outermost cavity a³ being capacious
enough to receive the requisite cement. These two faucet cavities aº, a³, are
formed eccentrically to and not concentrically with each other. The inner
socket, à, is formed by continuing the crescent or saddle-shaped sides of the
stool a, Figs. 1 and 2 until they form an annular flange a² within.a, the
inner annular margin of which is eccentric to that of the bore a5 and the rim a',
Figures 4 and 5.
When fitting together sections of earthenware drain pipes A, B, made in
accordance with this second, modification, the nozzle end of one section is
fitted within the innermost faucet recess or socket a where it rests upon 2 of
the next one and the outermost cavity a³ is filled with stiff cement. When two
such sections of drain pipe are thus fitted together and caulked with paste
cement there is no risk of the stiff cement getting through the joint into the
interior of the pipes and forming an obstruction there as the nozzle or spigot
end so nearly fills the cavity a that very little stiff cement can enter it.
If a flat part, as, as shewn in Figs. 1, 2 and 5 is formed upon the outside of the
faucet a', it serves as a guide for the workman in laying these pipes.
With drain pipes made in accordance with this invention workmen require
only to adjust the faucet end externally in obtaining the required levels; they
do not require to pack the underside of the spigot or nozzle end within the faucet
for levelling purposes as the unyielding stool a² determines the level of the said
nozzle end in every instance.
The crescent or saddle shaped stool a², or the equivalent flange a² a which
is made within the outer shell of the faucet a¹ herein described and drawn is for
the purpose of supporting the spigot or nozzle end of another pipe and must.
according to this invention, be formed in the base or rear of the said faucet cavity
and not at its front end or lip.
A further modification of the invention is shewn in Figures 6 to 9 where the
pipe A is made with a half faucet within the cement cavity a³ of which is
formed a step or stool at for enclosing the nozzle or spigot end 6 of another
pipe B. The other half of this faucet a is made in the form of a semi-circular
cover a Fig. 8, which is intended to be fitted upon the half faucet a as shewn
in Fig. 7. A rib or flange a" is formed upon the pipe A, Figs. 6 and 9 and a
corresponding groove a12 is formed upon the inside of the semi-circular cover a¹³
Figs. 7 and 8. On either side of the strips a Fig. 8 which form the groove a¹² a
space is provided in this cover. When this semi-circular cover is fixed
cement

page_text: in its position upon the half faucet a", as shewn in Fig. 7, the rib and groove all,
a, being fitted together prevent any lateral displacement of the cover.
In Figures 10 and 11 a slight variation of this half faucet and semi-circular
cover is shewn. In Figures and 10 the spigot end of the pipe B is shewn
inserted within the cavity of the half faucet a until the ends of A and B are in
touch at the part marked 63. There is no rib or projection such as all Figs. 6 and 9
in this modification, Figs. 10 and 11 and when the semi-circular cover, Fig. 11
is laid over the joint Fig. 10 and rests upon the surfaces at the centre rib q¹6
covers the joint 63 and cement can be inserted all round the cavity a and beneath
the cover a when it overlaps the pipe A as shewn in Fig. 7.
The method of applying the pipes shewn in Figs. 6 to 11 is indicated in Fig. 9
where A and B represent the faucet and spigot ends of two pipes made in
accordance with the first or second modification thereof, (or any common type)
from between which ends a length of pipe is supposed to have been removed and
that which is marked a in the drawing has been inserted in its place....In order
thus to insert the pipe marked a between A and B after the removal of some
other pipe as above named, the half faucet a can be turned to the top (as shewn
by dotted lines in Fig. 9) and the spigot end of it inserted within the faucet end a¹
until is suitably adjusted upon the end of the pipe B. The pipe a may then
be turned upside down until the half faucet a is in the position shewn in Figs. 9
and 10 and the semi-circular cover can be laid over the joint 63 and the cavities a
(also one at back of cover a13) be cemented.
In Figures 12 to 14 the annular faucet c is formed upon the outside of the
pipe C and is designed to serve the purpose of a pocket for receiving a part of
the ring collar 3. In effecting repairs to a drain with the pipe C after a defective
pipe has been removed a length of this pipe is inserted in the place of that which
has been removed, thus:
A ring or collar is prepared internally with cement and fitted upon the
spigot end of the drain, Fig. 13; then a length of the pipe C, having a ring
collar upon its spigot end is firmly adjusted in line with the drain and these
two ring collars are made to cover over the joints 63 and are there' cemented upon
the pipes. The end is thicker than the rest of the pipe C and the pocket
which is formed between it and the faucet e' is designed to receive a portion of the
collar as shewn in Fig. 12. When the ends of a pipe C. Fig. 13, have
been adjusted to the corresponding ends of adjoining pipes, each of the
collars is pushed into a pocket e as shewn in Fig. 12 and there cemented in the
cavities between and the parts and ct.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, we wish it to be
understood that we are aware of Letters Patent No. 30241 of 1897 granted to
R. Ewing, and that we claim nothing described and claimed in the Specification
of said Letters Patent. We are also aware that previous to our invention,
earthenware drain pipes have been made with external flat parts such as as
Figs. 1, 2, and 5 herein, also with a small inner and annular socket within the
faucet cavity and concentric therewith for the purpose of receiving the nozzle
end of another pipe, also annular and semi-annular lips or ledges formed upon
outer ends of the faucets thereof for giving support to other pipes and for other
purposes; also semi-circular covers for manholes therein, it will therefore be
understood that we do not claim such things as our invention, but we declare
that what we claim is:-
First. In an earthenware pipe the combination therewith of a faucet cavity a
and an integral step, stool or support a formed in the rear of the said cavity
substantially as herein described with reference to Figs. 1, 2 and 3 of the
drawings or any mere modification thereof for the purposes specified.
Second. In an earthenware pipe the combination therewith of a half faucet a
having an integral step stool or support 10 formed in the rear of its cement

page_text: cavity a; a rib or projection a" and a semi-circular cover a13 having a groove a¹²
and adapted for being fitted upon the parts all and a substantially as herein
described with reference to Figs. 6 to 9 of the drawings or any mere modification
thereof for the purposes specified.
Third. In an earthenware pipe the combination therewith of a half faucet a
having an integral step, stool or support a¹ formed in the rear of its cement
cavity a³ a semi-circular cover a, a, adapted for being fitted upon the parts 3
and a substantially as herein described with reference to Figures 10 and 11 of the
drawings, or any mere modification thereof for the purposes specified.
Dated this 17th October 1898.
JOSEPH LOCKWOOD,
263, Argyle Street, Glasgow, Agent for the Applicants.
JOSEPH LOCKWOOD,
263, Argyle Street, Glasgow, Agent for the Applicants.