Work in "Crystalline" Glass alone or in Combination with other Vitreous Substances, and Means, Modes, and Processes in Producing the same.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 13th Sept.; 1888
Complete Specification Left, 12th June, 1889-Accepted, 20th July, 1889
Mosaic Work in "Crystalline" Glass alone or in Combination with
other Vitreous Substances, and Means, Modes, and Processes in
Producing the same.
I WILLIAM RICHARD PULLEN Artist in Stained and Painted Glass of 9, Farringdon
Road London EC., do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
The use and application of what is known as "Crystalline" or crystallized glass,
either white or coloured, and backed with gold, silver or any other material which will
produce a varied or iridescent effect; in combination with ordinary, gilded, silvered,
or painted glass, or any vitreous substance with ornamentation painted and fired on
the surface or otherwise; cut into regular and irregular shapes and sizes, slabbed in
such a way as to produce Mosaic ornamentation for ecclesiastic or domestic purposes
the same being backed with cement and glass or slate, or their equivalent, the orna-
mentation being thus hernietically sealed against the action of the atmosphere.
Dated this 13th day of September 1888.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Mosaic Work in "Crystalline" Glass alone or in Combination with
other Vitreous Substances, and Means, Modes, and Processes in
Producing the same.
I WILLIAM RICHARD PULLEN of 9 Farringdon Road, London, E.. Artist in
Stained Glass, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement :-
I use what is known as "Crystalline" or crystallized glass, (the same being made
from plate, sheet, or rolled glass of any thickness, either clear white, opal, tinted or
coloured, flashed, pot-metal, or stained, having smooth or rough surface or surfaces, and
being crystallined on one or both sides,) alone, or in combination with tiles, biscuit china,
or the like; the glass being coated on one or both sides with gold, silver, or platinum,
which may be burnt in or merely deposited, or laid on in the shape of leaf, and backed
for protection; or I may coat the glass with a thin film of mica, or tale, either plain
or calcined; or I may use for coating the glass any substance or inmaterial whereby I
can obtain a varied or iridescent effect is seen from either side.
The glass thus prepared I cut into pieces of regular and irregular shapes and sizes
as required and slab them in combination or otherwise, with tiles, biscuit china, opal, or
ordinary glass or the like, either painted or plain, and arranged in such a way as to
produce ornamental designs of any description in mosaic, for ecclesiastical or domestic
decoration.
In some instances, and before the slabbing process or the putting together of the
work or design, and in order to obtain an effect hitherto unachieved in mosaic
decoration, I paint in vitreous colours, or enamels, white or coloured, or in lustre colours, on
the surface of the glass the same being fired or burnt after the manner known to glass
painters; for instance the veining of leaves, or in draperies of figure subjects, &c., the
folds and shadows, the back being gilded or otherwise as required, this may be done
upon pot-metal, or flashed glass, in the latter case I obtain a further effect by removing
the flash colour by the action of hydrofluoric acid thus giving me for example a crimson
vestment with folds and shadows showing on the surface, the gold or metallic backing
giving a depth of texture to the crimson, and the removal of the flash colour showing
yellow or gold spot of any desired size or form upon the crimson vestment; and
L
PA7

page_text: where I desire to produce a surface effect only as for instance in faces, I use any
vitreous substance, such as biscuit china, tile, or opal glass, painted in the
desired tints and shades in enamel, or transparent colours and fired or burnt in.
I produce jeweled or gem effects by using raised pieces of white or coloured glass cut
and polished in facits or rounded, as desired, and backed with gold, silver &c. or
colours.
I do not confine myself to produce the whole of my subject in minute tessere, or.
irregular pieces but in some cases prefer to make my joints so to speak conform to the
folds of draperies &c. thus avoiding the unsightly breaking up of the continuity of a
design.
In my mode of work I usually prefer to mount a sheet of paper or like material on
a slab of plate glass, slate, or any smooth surface that will not shrink, I then draw the
outlines of my design on the paper so mounted and proceed to attach each piece of
glass or tile (previously prepared) face downwards by the aid of
gum or any adhesive
substance soluble in water in its proper position, when all the pieces are so fixed I
plaster up the back with a cement composed of red-lead as a basis, lamp-black or the
like as a colouring medium, varnish, gold-size, terebine, drying oil, and turps placing
over all a sheet of glass, slate or their equivalents, thus securing and perfectly binding
the pieces together, when the work is sufficiently dry I turn it over, cut round the
edges of the slabbing plate and remove it, then take off the paper by means of
moisture. I do not however confine myself to the above mentioned backing as I some-
times prefer to use Plaster of Paris-Keen's Cement or the like. Neither do I confine
myself to always slabbing my work face downwards, as sometimes I prefer to prepare
iny cement bed and set my pieces face upwards.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what 1
claim is.
:
1st. The use and application of what is known as Crystalline glass, either white
or coloured of any thickness as above described, and backed or faced with gold,
silver, platinum &c. &c., fired or otherwise as above described, cut into pieces of
regular and irregular shapes and sizes and used as above described for producing
mosaic ornamentation or decoration.
..
2nd. The Crystalline" glass prepared as above described and used in regular and
irregular pieces of different shapes and sizes in combination with any vitreous substance
such as tile, biscuit china, opal, and plain. glass white, tinted or coloured, painted and
fired, gilded, silvered or otherwise and used in regular and irregular pieces of different
shapes and sizes as above described for the production of mosaic ornamentation or
decoration.
3rd. Backing the glass with mica, talc, or the like either plain or calcined, for the
purpose of obtaining a varied or iridescent effect as seen from either side, and used in
combination with "Crystalline" or other glass prepared as above described, or with
tiles, biscuit china or the like, either painted or otherwise, in pieces of regular
and irregular shapes and sizes for the production of mosaic ornamentation or
decoration.
4th. The utilization of the surface as well as the back of the glass by painting on
the surface and gilding or silvering the back, and if required removing the flash
colour from the surface of the glass as well as painting it, as above described, and
used in the combinations as above described, and for the purposes as above described,
whereby I produce an effect hitherto unattained in mosaic decoration.
5th. The glass, tiles, or vitreous substances prepared and used as above described,
in combination with a composite cement as above described for the purpose of holding
the work together and forming it into one slab.
Dated this 19th dow of June 1889