Improvements in Rotary Machines.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 17th Mar., 1893-Accepted, 2nd Sept., 1893
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Rotary Machines.
I, KAJETAN MOSCICKI, of Warsaw, Poland, Russia, Chief Engineer for the
Municipality, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:
This invention relates to rotary machines, and it has for its object to improve
their construction and action.
My machine possesses the following advantages over others of the same
class, riz.:-
-
1. It has only one "dead" point.
2. A single revolution of the piston effects a double revolution of the crank.
3. The motion is steady and uniform.
4. The arrangement is such that one of the pistons regulates the supply and exit
of fluid, whilst the other serves as the working piston.
And in order that my said invention may be properly understood I have hereunto
appended four explanatory sheets of drawings whereon:-
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section of a rotary steam engine constructed in accordance
with my invention.
Fig. 2 is a plan of the engine, Fig. 1.
tion of the engine, one half being on the line 3-4, and the
other half on the line 5-6, Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a cross section on the line, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, Fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is a longitudinal section of a rotary pump, constructed in accordance with
my invention.
Fig. 6 is a plan of the pump, Fig. 5.
Fig. 7 is a cross section of the pump, one half being on the line 17-18, and the
other half on the line 19-20, Fig. 5.
Fig. 8 is a cross section on the line, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, Fig. 5.
Referring to the drawings
Fitted in
The steam engine shown at Figs. 1 to 4, is constructed with two pistons H and I,
(see Figs. 1 & 4), which are fitted, respectively, on the concentric axles L and M.
These axles, which project through the enclosing cylinder A on the left hand side,
have, respectively, fitted to, or made in one with, them, cranks and m!.
the crank is a pin, and fitted in the crank is a corresponding pin F. These
pins pass, respectively, through bearings fitted in the levers O, P, which are made
with bosses O, P, fitted concentrically on the pin C, which projects from the
counter-weighted crank (", carried on the shaft C. ( is the counter-balance
weight.
The shaft C, which is carried in bearings r', S', on the top of the pedestals R, S,
carries the fly wheel (and belt pulley (3
The crank is connected to the lever I', by means of the pivot pins p¹, l, and
link Q.
Fitted on the shaft ( is a cam (6, (Figs. 1 & 3), which, as will be hereinafter
described, keeps the small eccentrically fitted pins 3, m³, of the larger pins, m³,
alternately, in a certain position. The pins ³, m³, may be as small as possible, as
they theoretically retain no power but serve merely to protect the mechanism from
accidental dislocations.
The bulk of the single moving parts are 50 arranged that the mechanism is kept
continuously in equilibrium.
The outward conformation of the cylinder A, is like a truncated cone, and it fits
exactly into the casing D, which is bolted to the foundation G, (see Figs. 1 to 8).

page_text: The cylinder is provided with two ports a', a², (see dotted lines, Fig. 4), placed
close together, and the casing D has three ports i, d', d³, of which the two outer
ones ³, d, communicate with one another and with the outlet or exhaust pipe,
whilst the central port d' is in direct communication with the steam supply
pipe d'.
The pistons, on their outer surfaces, are made to work tight in the cylinder, by
means of metallic strips 2, 7, which are causel to bear tight against the interior
surface of the cylinder A, by means of the springs b, of. The pistons, where they
bear against one another, are likewise fitted with packing strips h³, f.
The steam cylinder A can be turned round its axis, so as to regulate the cut off,
and the direction of revolution, of the machine. Thus, for example, if the cylinder
is turned so far round that the port a², (Fig. 4), is placed in communication with
the exhaust port d', whilst the portal is in communication with the supply port d',
then the direction of movement will be reversed, presuming that the ports a', a²,
were, formerly, respectively, in communication with the ports of and dʻ.
If it is desired to reverse the engine, the cylinder A is turned by means of the
hand crank i' on the shaft T, which latter has on it a worm B', meshing with a
toothed segment a³, (see dotted lines, Figs. and 4), fitted on the exterior of the
cylinder. When the crank is turned, the worm meshes with the segment and
turns the cylinder.
The small degree through which the cylinder must be turned to regulate the cut
off, is performed by means of the governor U, (Fig. 1). The governor, which is
driven from the main shaft (, by means of the hevel wheels 'B³, 13³, has, on its
casing a, two plates or dises U*, 17, which revolve along with it. The discs have
spirally cut teeth g, pl, on the surthers, which face one another, and into one or
other of these teeth, the cog wheel US meshes, according as the casing C rises or
falls with the speed of the engine is the usual spring, and ', ", are the arms
carrying the usual centrifugal ball-.
The spiral teeth or cuts are of opposite action, that is to say, one spiral is made
to run from the centre of the dise towards the circumference, whilst the other runs
from the circumference towards the centre.
When the speed of the engine increases, the casing a sinks, and, as a consequence,
the dise a' comes in contact with the eng wheel af, and turns it and the cross
shaft. The bevel wheel on this shaft netuates the bevel wheel ', and turns
the shaft and bevel wheel it, (Fig. 2), which, in its turn, actuates either of the
bevel wheels or 1, when in gear, and turns, through them, the shaft T and
cylinder A. If the speed of the engine decreases, then the casing a rises, and the
dise actuates the eug wheel a", and its connected mechanism, so as to again turn
the cylinder,
When the reversal of the engine is done by means of the hand crank &', then the
governing mechanism must be thrown out of gear.
As will be seen, n space is left between the cylinder A and its casing D, which
space serves as a steam jacket. Steam is admitted to the space from the port d',
through the passages *,,, and condensed water finds its way out through the
passage y, on the opposite side into the exhaust.
The engine is provided with a lubricating apparatus W, from which oil runs, by
means of the pipe connections W', W², which are provided with valves W³, W‘, to
lubricate the pistons.
Xare drain cocks, X, X', handles of the cocks. Z is a protecting guard.
The pump shown at Figs. 5 to 8, differs in construction from the engine herein-
before described, with reference to Figs. 1 to 4, in so far that the cylinder A is
fixed instead of being movable, and that the outer casing is not used. The inlet
and outlet ports a', a² communicate, respectively, with the inlet passage a³, and the
outlet passage a'. The cylinder, with its passage ways, is, in this case, bolted
directly to the foundation G.
To prevent thuds, when passing the dead points, the ports a', a', are tapered or
widened out to the lines a, a, and a², a", through which, at the moment when a

page_text: direct communication is effected between the passages a³, a', the liquid moves, on
account of its inertia, uninterruptedly and in a gradually increasing volume.
The construction of apparatus herein before described, is applicable as n water
motor, water meter, ventilator, pump or a steam engine.
The result of the peculiar construction of the machine and the manner in which
the parts are linked or geared together, is that whilst the direction of revolution
of the pistons H, I, is always the same they, at different periods in their revolutions,
travel at different speeds that is to say, at one period, the piston I travels at a
quicker rate than the piston I whilst at another period the piston travels at a
greater speed than the piston H. The piston which is for the time being the quick
piston acts on the crank pin c of the axle c whilst the piston which is for the time
being the slow piston regulates the inlet and exit of fluid to and from the cylinder.
After the quick piston has completed a revolution it becomes, and also exchanges
or assumes the functions of, the slow piston, and vice versa.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. A rotary machine, having two pistons, which are fixed on two concentric
axles, and work alternately, the quick piston acting on the crank pin of the fly
wheel axle, and the slow piston regulating the influx and efflux of fluid to and from
the cylinder, until the first piston completes a revolution, when the functions of the
pistons are interchanged, substantially as hereinbefore set forth.
2. In a rotary machine, the combination with the pistons H, I, of the concentric
axles Land M. cranks and m', and rods O and P, substantially as hereinbefore
described, with reference to the drawings annexed.
3. The combination with the cranks l, m, of the pins P, m², eccentrically
positioned pins P, m³, and cam C, substantially as, and for the purpose, hereinbefore
set forth.
4. In a rotary machine, a cylinder capable of being turned on its axis, substantially
as, and for the purpose, hereinbefore set forth.
5. The general arrangement or combination of parts of the apparatus, sub-
stantially as herein before described and shown at Figs. 1 to 4 of the drawings
annexed.
6. The modified construction of apparatus, substantially as herein before described
and shown at Figs. 5 to 8 of the drawings annexed.
Dated this 16th day of March 1893
H. D. FITZPATRICK,
70, Wellington Street, Glasgow, Agent.