Improvements in Hot Water Apparatus for Heating Greenhouses, Baths, and Buildings, and for other like purposes.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 8th May, 1892
Complete Specification Left, 20th Jan., 1893-Accepted, 25th Feb., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Hot Water Apparatus for Heating Greenhouses,
Baths, and Buildings, and for other like purposes.
I WILLIAM HENRY PARKER WILLIAMS trading as William Henry Parker, of
No. 21 Saint John's Square, Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford, Vapour
Baths Proprietor do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
My invention consists of the improvements hereinafter described in constructing
and arranging the parts of the boiler or water heater used in connection with the
hot water circulating pipes of the heating apparatus.
My improved boiler or water heater is simple in construction efficient in action
and very durable and by its use great economy in the heating of the hot water
apparatus is obtained.
My invention further consists of the pneumatic feeder hereinafter described for
supplying water to the heating apparatus whereby a uniform level of the water in
the heating apparatus is automatically maintained.
My improved boiler or water heating apparatus to be used in place of the
ordinary saddle or like boiler consists essentially of two oblong cases open at
bottom; these cases are of different sizes one of the cases being, say, about an inch
wider and longer than the other. The larger case constitutes the outer part of
the boiler or heater and the smaller case the inner part of the boiler or heater.
When the larger or outer case is placed over the smaller or inner case a water
space, say, of about one half an inch in width is formed between the sides and tops
of the two cases.
The open bottom of each case is provided with a horizontal
flange turned outwards, the flange of the inner case being of about double the
width of that of the outer case. When the two cases are fitted together the narrow
flange of the outer case rests upon the broad flange of the inner case and the two
flanges are bolted or screwed together, a packing of cement or other packing being
interposed between the two flanges for forming a water tight joint.
The two cases of the boiler may be made of sheet copper or sheet iron or other
hard and durable sheet metal or alloy; or the said cases may be made by
casting.
The space within the inner case constitutes the combustion chamber of the boiler
in which chamber the gas burners or oil lamps or other like sources of heat are
placed for heating the boiler or water heater. The inner case has flues at its top
which pass through the top of the outer case for carrying away the products of
combustion.
On the rear side of the outer case of the boiler and opening into the water space,
two oval or nearly flat junction pieces one above the other are made or cast. To
these junction pieces the flow and return or water circulating pipes of the heating
apparatus are connected. Crossing the combustion chamber of the boiler and
extending from the front to the rear thereof and opening into the water space of
the boiler is one or a series of inclined tubes. These tubes may be made of copper
or sheet metal and soldered in their places; or when the cases of the boiler are
made by casting the said tube or tubes may be cast with the inner case. A series
of inclined tubes at the same level or two or more series of inclined tubes at different
levels may be employed. The said tubes are so inclined that their higher ends
open into the water space of the boiler opposite the flow or top pipe of the water
circulating pipes of the heating apparatus. It is preferred to make the inclined
water tubes in the boiler flat or oval in cross section but they may be made of other
figures in cross section.

page_text: As the flames from the gas burners or oil lamps in the combustion chamber of
the boiler impinge upon or play upon or about the inclined tube or tubes therein
the water in the said tube or itubes is rapidly heated and a rapid and efficient
circulation of the hot water in the apparatus set up.
The pneumatic feeder which I use for supplying water to the hot water apparatus
is fixed on the top of the expansion box of the apparatus and consists of an inverted
cylindrical or other shaped vessel of a limited height, a contracted part at the
bottom of the said inverted water feeder fitting in and closing the open top of the
expansion box. The said water feeder is closed at top and has in its bottom an
open down pipe of such a length that when the water feeder is in its place on the
expansion box the bottom of the said down pipe reaches the water line in the top
or flow pipe of the hot water circulating pipes of the apparatus when the said
water is cold. So long as the bottom of the down pipe of the feeder is in contact
with the water in the expansion box the water in the said feeder is supported by
atmospheric pressure and no flow takes place but on the level of the water in the
expansion box falling below the bottom of the down pipe, water flows from the
said feeder into the expansion box until the required level has been reached when
the supply is again cut off.
When a small stream of water is required to be fed to the expansion box the
bottom of the down pipe described may be closed by a screw cap. This cap has
on its underside a small down pipe which projects below the normal level of the
water in the expansion box. The said cap also carries on its upper side a small air
tube which passes upwards nearly to the closed top of the feeder. So long as the
bottom of the air tube is closed by the water in the expansion box the feeder is
inoperative but as soon as the level of the water sinks below the bottom of the air
tube air passes up the said tube into the feeder and water flows from the said feeder
as before described.
Dated the 18th day of Mar 1809
W. T. WHITEMAN,
Agent for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Hot Water Apparatus for Heating Greenhouses,
Baths, and Buildings, and for other like purposes.
I WILLIAM HENRY PARKER WILLIAMS trading as William Henry Parker
of No. 21 Saint John's Square, Wolverhampton in the County of Stafford,
Vapour Baths Proprietor do hereby declare the nature of my invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly.described and, ascer-
tained in and by the following statement :-
My invention consists of the improvements hereinafter described in constructing
and arranging the parts of the boiler or water heater.used in. connection with the
hot water circulating pipes of the heating apparatus and with cooking kettles and
water heating apparatus: and for other like purposes.
My improved boiler or water heater is simple in construction efficient in action
and very durable and by its use great economy in the heating of the water.is
obtained.
My invention further consists of the pneumatic feeder thereinafter described for
supplying water to the beating apparatus whereby an uniform level of the water.in
the heating apparatus is automatically.maintained.
My improved boiler or water heating apparatus to. be used generally in place of
the ordinary saddle or like boiler consists ressentially of two oblong cases.open.at
bottom; these cases are of different sizes one of the cases being, say, about an iuch
wider and longer than the other. The larger case constitutes the outer part of the
boiler or heater and the smaller case the inner part of the boiler.or heater. When
the larger or outer case is placed over the smaller or inner case a water space, say,

page_text: of about one half an inch in width is formed between the sides and tops of the two
cases. The open bottom of each case is provided with a horizontal flange turned
outwards, the Hange of the inner case being of about double the width of that of
the outer case. When the two cases are fitted together the narrow flange of the
outer case rests upon the broad flange of the inner case and the two flanges are
bolted or screwed together, a packing of cement or other packing being interposed
between the two flanges for forming a water tight joint.
The two cases of the boiler may be made of sheet copper or sheet iron or other
hard and durable sheet metal or alloy; or the said cases may be made by casting.
The space within the inner case constitutes the combustion chamber of the boiler
in which chamber the gas burners or oil lamps or other like sources of heat are
placed for heating the boiler or water heater. The inner case has flues at its top
which pass through the top of the outer case for carrying away the products of
combustion.
On the rear side of the outer case of the boiler and opening into the water space,
two oval or nearly flat junction pieces, one above the other, are made or cast. To
these junction pieces the flow and return or water circulating pipes of the heating
apparatus are connected. Crossing the combustion chamber of the boiler and
extending from the front to the rear thereof and opening into the water space of
the boiler at each end is one or a series of inclined tubes. These tubes may be
made of copper or sheet metal and soldered in their places; or the cases of the
boiler may be made by casting. A series of inclined tubes at the same level or
two or more series of inclined tubes at different levels may be employed. The
said tubes are so inclined that their higher ends open into the water space of the
boiler opposite the flow or top pipe of the water circulating pipes of the heating
apparatus. It is preferred to make the inclined water tubes in the boiler flat or
oval in cross section but they may be made of other figures in cross section.
As the flames from the gas burners or oil lamps in the combustion chamber of
the boiler impinge upon or play upon or about the inclined tube or tubes therein
the water in the said tube or tubes is rapidly heated and a rapid and efficient
circulation of the hot water in the apparatus set up.
The pneumatic feeder which I use for supplying water to the hot water apparatus
is fixed on the top of the expansion box of the apparatus and consists of an inverted
cylindrical or other shaped vessel of the required height, a contracted part at the
bottom of the said inverted water feeder fitting in and closing the open top of the
expansion box. The said water feeder is closed at top and has in its bottom an
open down pipe of such a length that when the water feeder is in its place on the
expansion box the bottom of the said down pipe reaches the water line in the top
or flow pipe of the hot water circulating pipes of the apparatus when the said water
is cold. So long as the bottom of the down pipe of the feeder is in contact with
the water in the expansion box the water in the said feeder is supported by atmo-
spheric pressure and no flow takes place but on the level of the water in the
expansion box falling below the bottom of the down pipe, water flows from the said
feeder into the expansion box until the required level has been reached when the
supply is again cut off.
When a small stream of water is required to be fed to the expansion box the
bottom of the down pipe described may be closed by a screw cap. This cap has on
its underside a small down pipe which projects below the normal level of the water
in the expansion box. The said cap also carries on its upper side a small air tube
which passes upwards nearly to the closed top of the feeder. So long as the bottom
of the air tube is closed by the water in the expansion box, the feeder is inoperative,
but as soon as the level of the water sinks below the bottom of the air tube air
passes up the said tube into the feeder and water flows from the said feeder as
before described.
I will now proceed to describe with reference to the accompanying drawings the
manner in which my invention is to be performed.

page_text: Figure 1 represents in longitudinal section a hot water apparatus for heating
greenhouses buildings and for other like purposes, the boiler or water heater and
the pneumatic water feeder of the said apparatus being constructed according to
my invention;
Figure 2 represents a cross section of the same taken through the boiler or water
heater, and
Figure 3 represents in plan the series of gas burners which I employ for heating
the boiler or water heater.
The same letters of reference indicate the same parts in Figures 1, 2 and 3.
The boiler or water heater consists of two sheet metal oblong closed cases a of
different sizes fitted one within the other and constituting between them the water
space of the boiler. The boiler or water heater a, b is supported on the ledge c
of the outer sheet metal case d, d², the lower part d' of which constitutes a chamber
in which the series of gas burners e, e commonly called atmospheric burners, is
arranged; that is, burners in which a mixture of gas and air is supplied to the jet
of the burner for combustion. The gas burners e, e are supplied with gas from the
pipes f,f,furnished with stop cocks and connected with the main gas pipe and
air enters the horizontal parts of the burners by holes in the usual way to mix with
the gas supplied to the gas burners as is well understood. The space g within the
inner case of the boiler or water heater constitutes the combustion chamber through
which the flames and products of combustion from the burners pass. The heated
air and products of combustion escape from the chamber g through the central top
Hlue of the boiler and through the concentric upper flue i carried by the outer
case d, d; k, k, k is a series of inclined tubes, preferably oval in cross section,
opening into the water space of the boiler and crossing the combustion chamberg,
the said inclined tubes extending from the front to the rear of the said chamber,
their higher ends opening into the water space of the boiler opposite the flow or
top pipe of the water circulating pipes l, m. The series of inclined tubes k, k are
arranged at different levels (see Figure 2) in the combustion chamber g, but I do
not limit myself to the number or arrangement of the inclined water tubes in the
combustion chamber g.
As the flames from the several gas burners e, e impinge or play upon or about
the inclined tubes k, k in the combustion chamber the water in the said tubes is
rapidly heated and a rapid and efficient circulation of the hot water through the
flow and return pipes 1, m is set up; that is to say, the hot water from the inclined
tubes or pipes and the boiler entering the top or flow pipe circulates therein and
enters the expansion box n from whence it returns through the bottom or return
pipe m to the boiler or heater to be reheated. The flow and return pipes l, m are
connected by flanges and bolts to the junction pieces 12, m³ (which are preferably
oval or flat in cross section at their junction with the boiler) fixed to or cast upon
the rear side of the boiler or water heater a. The apparatus is filled with water
at the expansion box and the level of the water in the top junction piece 12 is
ascertained at the hole p the said hole being closed by a screw cap; and the
water in the apparatus is drawn off by the tap 4 in the lower junction piece m³ as
seen in Figure 1.
In place of the atmospheric gas burners, oil lamps or other like sources of heat
may be employed.
The two sheet metal cases of which the boiler or water heater is composed
may be connected together at bottom in the manner hereinbefore described; or the
open bottoms of the said cases may be closed by soldering or brazing a plate
between them; or the cases may be inade by casting.
I will now describe the pneumatic feeder represented in Figure 1 for supplying
a small stream of water to the hot water apparatus. The said pneumatic water
feeder is marked r and consists of an inverted cylindrical (or other shaped) vessel,
a contracted bottom part fitting in and closing the open top of the expansion
It will be seen that the water feeder r is closed at top and has a neck
box n,

page_text: at bottom which is closed by a screw caps having on its underside a small down
pipe which projects below the normal level of the water in the expansion box as
represented. The said cap also carries on its upperside a small air tube u which
passes upwards nearly to the closed top of the feeder r. The feeder having been
filled with water is placed in an inverted position in the expansion box so that
the bottom of the air pipe
is at the normal level of the water in the said box,
and the water is supported in the said feeder by atmospheric pressure and no flow
takes place. So long as the bottom of the air tube u is closed by the water in the
expansion box n the feeder is inoperative, but as soon as the level of the water
in the said box sinks below the bottom of the air tube », air passes up the said
tube and water is displaced and flows from the said feeder into the expansion box
until the normal level of the water in the expansion box is restored, when the flow
of water from the feeder into the expansion box ceases. Or the cap and
tubes s, t, u may be dispensed with and the neck ³ made to constitute the down
pipe which dips into the water, the said down pipe being made of such a length
that when the inverted feeder is in its place on the expansion box, the bottom of
the said neck or down pipe reaches the water line in the top or flow pipe of the
circulating pipes of the apparatus when the said water is cold. By the down pipe
dipping in the water in the expansion box the water in the feeder is supported by
atmospheric pressure and no flow takes place. On the water in the expansion.box
sinking below the normal level, that is, below the bottom of the supposed down
pipe water flows from the feeder into the expansion box until the required level
has been reached when the supply is again cut off.
Figure 4 represents partly in elevation and partly in longitudinal section;
Figure 5 in cross section and Figure 6 in plan, my improved boiler or water heater
applied to the heating of a bath. In this arrangement, the boiler, consisting of
the two cases a, a and inclined tubes k, k and heated by a series of atmospheric
burners e, e, is supported at the middle of the hollow bottom of the bath У, the
water space of the boiler or heater a being in communication with the water in
the bath y through the longitudinal openings y, y' in the bottom of the bath as seen
in Figure 5. The products of combustion from the chamber g escape by the
vertical flue a² in connection with the top of the said chamber g (see Figure 5).
The action of this modified boiler or heater is the same as that first described.
Figure 7 represents in front elevation; Figure 8 in vertical longitudinal section
and Figure 9 in vertical cross section my new or improved boiler or heater applied
to a cooking kettle or apparatus for heating or boiling water for domestic
purposes.
Figure 10 represents in plan the series of atmospheric gas burners used and
Figure 11 represents in plan the arrangement of the inclined tubes crossing
the boiler or heater; is the rectangular body of the cooking kettle or water
heater containing the food to be cooked or the water or liquid to be boiled or
heated to which body the boiler or heater a a k is applied.
The body z and boiler a, a, k are supported on the ledge of the base part or
chamber in which the parallel rows of gas burners e, e are arranged. The water
space 6 of the boiler or heater a opens into the body containing the water or
liquid to be boiled or heated, and the products of combustion from the combustion
chamber y escape by the side vertical flue a² (see Figure 9).
When the apparatus is used for cooking or boiling food, the food is contained in
the perforated pan a which is supported on a ledge immediately above the boiler
or heater. The said pan a is lifted from or lowered into the body z of the
apparatus by the side handles represented, after the cover 3 has been removed.
The kettle or water heater is filled at the top and the heated water is withdrawn
by the tap a. Access to the burners e, e in the base or chamber z³ is obtained at
the door a' (see Figure 7).
The boiler or water heater constituting part of my invention may be applied
generally to the heating or boiling of water or liquids and to the boiling or cooking
of food and the like.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my invention
and the manner in which the same is to be performed I declare that I
claim as my invention of "Improvements in hot water apparatus for heating
greenhouses, baths, and buildings and for other like purposes": -
First Constructing the boiler or water heater of two oblong sheet metal or
cast cases open at bottom and of different sizes and arranged one within the other,
so as to form between their sides and tops, the water space of the boiler or heater.
the open bottoms of the said cases, when made of sheet metal, being closed by
flanges or otherwise closed substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated
in the accompanying drawings.
Secondly-The combination with boilers or heaters of the kinds claimed in the
first claim and with boilers or heaters of other like kinds, of one or a series of
inclined tubes crossing the combustion chamber of the boiler or heater and
extending from front to the rear thereof, and opening into the water space of the
boiler or heater substantially as herein before described and illustrated in the
accompanying drawings.
Thirdly; The adaptation to or combination with the expansion box of the
circulating pipes of water heating apparatus for heating greenhouses buildings and
the like, of pneumatic water feeders of the kinds and acting as herein before
described and illustrated in Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings.
Dated the Seventeenth day of January 1893.
WILLIAM HENRY PARKER WILLIAMS.