IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OR TREAT, MENT OF JUTE, CHINA GRASS, COTTON, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS IN THE RAW STATE SPUN INTO YARNS OR WOVEN INTO FABRICS
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Eugene Pavy, of Paris, in the Empire of France,
but now residing at Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, and
James Clark, of Manchester, aforesaid, India-rubber Manufacturer-
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OR TREAT,
MENT OF JUTE, CHINA GRASS, COTTON, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS IN
THE RAW STATE SPUN INTO YARNS OR WOVEN INTO FABRICS,"
Sealed the 15th June 1869, and dated the 18th December 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Eugene Pavy and
James Clark at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 18th December 1868.
We, EUGENE PAVY, of Paris, in the Empire of France, but now
residing at Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, and JAMES CLARK,
of Manchester, aforesaid, India-rubber Manufacturer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION
OR TREATMENT OF JUTE, CHINA GRASS, COTTON, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
IN THE RAW STATE SPUN INTO YARNS OR WOVEN INTO FABRICS," to be as
follows:-
Our Invention consists in the chemical treatment of fibrous materials

page_text: such as jute, china grass, and cotton, either in the raw state or when
made into yarn or cloth, whereby the fibre is deprived of glutinous,
resinous, or other such matters and is in a certain degree disintegrated.
By these means the raw material, yarn, or cloth attains the appearance of
silk or wool. One mode of treatment we propose consists in the use of
alkalis or combinations of alkalis, such as sulphate of ammonia and
sulphate of alumina, but combined with other operations. The pro-
portions and "modus operandi" may be varied, but we have found the
following to suit :-The fibrous materials in the raw state or in yarn or
woven fabrics are boiled in a ley composed as follows, or of similar pro-
portions, namely, 100 gallons of water and 25 lb. of white soap. In
place of the above-mentioned soap an alkali may be used alone or com-
bined with the soap. The materials are then
The materials are then thoroughly washed in
clean water and passed through a solution of water and sulphate of
alumina in the proportion of 5 lb. of the sulphate to 100 gallons of
water; or a solution of water and sulphuric acid may be used in the
proportion of about one half pint of acid to about 100 gallons of water.
The materials are then washed and dried, and are then ready for
bleaching, dyeing, or printing as may be required. The following mode
of treatment we have also found to suit:-The materials are boiled
from 1 to 3 hours in a mixture of water and muriatic, sulphuric, or
nitric acids in proportions, say, from 1 to 5 pints to 100 gallons of water,
or the materials may be immersed from 1 to 3 hours in the same mixture,
the water being cold. The materials are then washed and dried and
ready for bleaching, dyeing, or printing.
The chemical substances above mentioned we have found to answer,
but chemical equivalents therefor may be substituted and the proportions
varied.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Eugene Pavy and James Clark in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 18th June 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, EUGENE
PAVY, of Paris, in the Empire of France, but now residing at Manchester,
in the County of Lancaster, and JAMES CLARK, of Manchester, afore-
said, India-rubber Manufacturer, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of December, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in
the thirty-second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and
successors, give and grant unto us, the said Eugene Pavy and James
Clark, Her special license that we the said Eugene Pavy and James
Clark, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we,
the said Eugene Pavy and James Clark, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Chaunel Islands,
and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION
OR TREATMENT OF JUTE, CHINA GRASS, COTTON, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
IN THE RAW STATE SPUN INTO YARNS OR WOVEN INTO FABRICS," upon the
condition, amongst others, that we, the said Eugene Pavy and James
Clark, by an instrument in writing under our hands and seals, or
under the hand and seal of one of us, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Clark, do hereby declare
the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement, that is to say :-
Our Invention consists in a chemical treatment of fibrous materials
such as jute, china grass, and cotton, either in the raw state or when
made into yarn or cloth, whereby the fibre is deprived of glutinous,
resinous, or other such matters, and is in a certain degree disintegrated.
By these means the raw material, yarn, or cloth attains the appearance
of silk or wool especially when dyed and woven.
The proportions and order of using the chemicals we employ may be
to a great extent varied, but we will proceed to describe operations which
we have found to answer. We take the raw material, yarn or woven
fabric, and boil it from three to four hours in caustic alkali of the
strength of about 2 degrees Twaddle, after which the material is washed
in either hot or cold water. We now immerse the material in a weak

page_text: solution of sulphuric acid, say one pint to one hundred gallons of water,
and allow it to remain for about half-an-hour and then wash with water;
after this we boil material for about an hour in soap and water, say
twenty pounds of soap to one hundred gallons of water and then repeat
the washing in water. We then steep the material for about half-an-
hour in a solution of sulphate of ammonia of the strength of about five
pounds of the sulphate to one hundred gallons of water, again repeat the
washing, and when dry the materials are ready for bleaching, dyeing, or
printing.
The following is another treatment which we have found to answer :-
The materials are boiled from one to three hours in a mixture of water
and muriatic, sulphuric, or nitric acids in proportions, say, from one to
five pints to one hundred gallons of water, or the materials may be
immersed from one to three hours in the same mixture, the solution
being cold; the materials are then washed and may be treated with a
weak solution of alkali to get rid of the last traces of acid. After
washing and drying the materials are ready for bleaching, dyeing, or
printing.
Having thus described and ascertained the nature of our said Inven-
tion, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, we
desire it to be understood that we do not limit ourselves to the exact
chemical substances mentioned or to the proportions thereof, as
equivalents therefor may be employed, but claim as secured to us
under the above recited Letters Patent, and for the purposes afore-
said, the treatments of fibrous materials as aforesaid, substantially as
described.
In witness whereof, 1, the said James Clark, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of June, in the year
of our Lord Oue thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine.
JAMES CLARK. (L.S.)