Improvements relating to Centrifugal Apparatus for Draining Paper Pulp, Sugar, and other Materials.
Year: 1897

page_text: Improvements relating to Centrifugal Apparatus for Draining Paper
Pulp, Sugar, and other Materials.
We, JAMES JOINER, of Woodbine House, and WILLIAM SOMMERVILLE, Junior,
of The Grange, both in Bitton, in the County of Gloucester, Engineer and Paper
Manufacturer, respectively, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:
Our invention relates to an improved machine or apparatus adapted for drain-
ing, by centrifugal force, the bleaching liquor from paper-pulp, or the molasses,
or syrup from sugar or and other moisture from other materials, and has for its
object to attain automatically in one operation, the feeding of the material to be
operated upon, the disposal of the liquid removed therefrom, and the removal of
the material itself when drained or dried.
Our invention consists of a hollow or tubular shaft (blocked at one end and open
at the other) mounted in suitable bearings and arranged to be either stationery
or provided at one end, with means by which it may be rotated in either direction
at any desired rate of speed. The said hollow shaft has fixed thereto and carries
a skeleton or other metallic cylinder or frame, having upon its outer surface a
helical web the outer periphery of which said web fits freely within a perforated
metallic cylinder closed at one end and open at the other, and adapted to rotate
around or upon the before mentioned hollow shaft, and enclosing the said skeleton
or other cylinder or the bearings which support the said hollow shaft, may also
conveniently serve to support the said perforated cylinder, the latter being pro-
vided with a pulley or sheave, or a fast and loose pulley or pulleys by means of
which and suitable power, the same may be rotated at a high rate of speed around
tho said stationery or rotating hollow shaft.
The material to be drained (which for the moment is assumed to be paper pulp)
would be fed into the open end of the said stationery or rotating hollow or tubular
shaft by the force of gravity alone or by other means, and would exude therefrom
through suitable apertures formed therein at or near its blocked end, into the said
perforated cylinder, the latter for the purposes of our invention being rotated at a
high rate of speed, in order that the bleaching liquor therein may, by the aid of
centrifugal force alone, be driven therefrom, through the perforations in the said
cylinder into a suitable jacket, channel or other conduit provided for its reception,
while the residue of the partially dried 'pulp would by the motion of the said
rotating perforated cylinder be driven around the said helical web, or if the said
hollow shaft be rotating the said helical web, would rotate at a low rate of speed
in the direction opposite to that of the said perforated cylinder, but in either case
the said drained pulp would be carried thereby to the open end of the said perfor-
ated cylinder and be emptied therefrom in a semi-dry condition without manual aid
into a suitable truck or other vessel which may be a vessel provided with beaters
and adapted to receive a flow of water, that the pulp when clarified may be con-

page_text: veyed by a pump or other means to where required which may be directly to and
upon the wet end of a paper making machine.
As an alternative arrangement and as a means for obviating or preventing
possible clogging of the semi-dry material along the said helical web, we may
in lieu of a continuous helical web, employ a series of knives or metallic plates
intermittently arranged in helical form upon suitable arms around the said hollow
stationery or rotating shaft, the said arms being connected eccentrically to or upon
the said hollow shaft or an auxiliary shaft placed therein or otherwise, so that the
said knives or plates may be placed in absolute contact with the inner periphery
of the said rotating perforated cylinder or at any desired distance therefrom at
'will.
As a further modification of our invention we may arrange the said hollow or
tubular shaft open at both ends and blocked at a convenient part of its length and
provide means by which the pulp to be drained may enter at one end, while a flow
of clean water enters at the other, the latter by passing through suitable perfora-
tions, slits or other and may be adjustable openings in the said hollow stationery
or rotating shaft, would mingle with the pulp after this had been cleared of the
said bleaching liquor, and may enter therewith into the before mentioned truck
or other vessel.
It is obvious that the principle of our invention may be employed in connec-
tion with various forms of hydro-extractors and in the manufacture of that class
of refined sugar known as "centrifugal."
GEO. THOS. HYDE,
1, Broad Street Buildings, Liverpool Street, London, E.C.,
Agents for the Applicants.
Improvements relating to Centrifugal Apparatus for Draining Paper
Pulp, Sugar, and other Materials.
We, JAMES JOINER, of Woodbine House, and WILLIAM SOMERVILLE, Junior,
of The Grange, both in Bitton, in the County of Gloucester, Engineer and Paper
Manufacturer, respectively, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement:-
1
Our invention relates to an improved machine or apparatus adapted for drain-
ing by centrifugal force the bleaching liquor from paper pulp, or the molasses or
syrup from sugar, and for other purposes, and has for its object to attain auto-
matically in one operation the feeding of the material to be operated upon, the
disposal of the liquid removed therefrom, and the removal of the material itself
when drained or dried.
In order that our said invention, the alternative methods of constructing and
arranging the same, and the manner of its working may be the better understood,
we have hereunto appended two sheets of drawings, of which
Figs. 1 and 2 Sheet 1 are plan and side elevation respectively of one method of
construction, both of which said views show the operative part of the apparatus
partly in section.
Fig. 3 is an end view of same as viewed from left to right of Fig. 2.
Figs. 4 and 5 are details.hereinafter explained.

page_text: Fig. 6 Sheet 2 is a side elevation similar to Fig. 2, but illustrating a second or
alternative method of construction.
Figs. 7, 8 and 9 are details hereinafter explained.
In carrying our invention into effect (in so far as relates to the method of con-
struction illustrated by Figs. 1 to 5 inclusive Sheet 1) we provide of any suitable
metal or combination of metals suitable for the purpose, a hollow shaft A, open at
its feeding end and blocked or solid at the other, the said feeding end (accord-
ing to the method under consideration) being the left hand end of Figs. 1 and 2,
and the end seen in Fig. 3, the said shaft being borne at each end by suitable
bearings B and B', mounted upon and bolted or otherwise fixed to a pair of horizon-
tal beams C and C, which may be of H iron, supported by walls or other suitable
means, which for convenience may be that of iron columns D. The said shaft
carries a hollow and may be parallel cylinder E, of any suitable metal, preferably
zinc, or galvanized iron, and supported upon, and connected to, the shaft A by
suitable arms such as a at each end, and may be centrally or thereabouts of its
length, the said cylinder having upon its outer surface a single or double, prefer-
ably double helical web b, extending from end to end of same, the said shaft A
haying one or a pair of branches c and c¹ (shewn by dotted outline in Fig. 2) the
outer end or ends of which is or are brought through the cylinder E and terminate
level with the face of same in a hole or holes d, between the last webs or pairs of
webs at the blocked ends of the said cylinder (Figs. 1 and 2).
The said hollow shaft A carries a pair of sleeves F and F, which collectively
carry by the means of arms e at one end (Fig. 3) and a solid disc e¹ at the other,
(Figs. 1 and 2) a metallic parallel cylinder, the cylindrical portion of which may
consist of one or two surfaces, but preferably two, G and G these being connected
to and kept a suitable distance from each other by any suitable means, but prefer-
ably by that of metallic ties or braces such as f (Fig. 5) which may be of any
number, and bolted or otherwise connected to both G and G circumferentially as
at Fig. 4, in several or any number of rows, as suggested in Figs. 1 and 2.
inner surface G of the said cylinder is provided with slits, holes, or other per-
forations g while the outer surface G has like but preferably larger slits, holes,
or other perforations g¹.
The
For the purposes of our invention the helical cylinder E and the shaft A, are
arranged to rotate at one rate of speed, while the perforated cylinder or
cylinders G, G, rotate at a greater or higher rate of speed, and we may effect such
rotation by any convenient means but we prefer to do this by the means of a
toothed wheel H, fixed upon F, which gears with a larger toothed wheel H',
mounted upon a shaft H2, carried in suitable bearings, the said shaft carrying fast
and loose pulleys h, rotated by any convenient or available power, the said shaft H
also carrying a toothed wheel J, in gear with a like size or larger toothed wheel J¹,
(according to the speed desired) mounted upon the shaft A.
We do not make it an indispensible condition, but for the purposes of prevent-
ing the flying out upwardly of the bleach or other liquor exuding from the perfora-
tions in the cylinder G, we enclose the upper half of G by a metal, wood or other
cover K, and the manner of operation is as follows.
The material to be drained (which for the moment is assumed to be paper pulp)
would be fed into the open end of the shaft A (by the force of gravity alone or by
or in combination with other power) through a stationery and fixed conduit L, this
being provided with a suitably stuffed gland L' for making a perfectly tight con-
nection with the rotating shaft A, and the pulp thus forced into the said shaft
would exude under pressure through the aperture or apertures & in the helical
cylinder E, and by reason of the said cylinder being rotated at a high rate of
speed from motion imparted to the shaft H³, such speed being preferably at about
160 revolutions per minute, the said pulp would be carried around E, and be
squeezed between this and the faster rotating cylinder G¹, the bleaching or liquor
in which would be forced through the perforations or the like in G¹, partly by
the action of the said squeezing and partly by that of centrifugal force, the said

page_text: liquid ultimately finding exit through the larger perforations or the like in G,
from which it may be collected into a suitable vessel or vessels, jacket or jackets,
and be allowed to drain into suitable conduits to be afterwards dealt with as
desired. The pulp as drained or relieved of the major part of its moisture would
be led by the helices along the surface of the cylinder E, after the manner of a
sausage or mincing machine, the said pulp ultimately exuding through the open
end of E between the arms a, and thereat be deposited into a suitable vessel placed
there for its reception, such for instance as a truck M, by which it may be con-
veyed to where required, or in lieu of the said truck the said semi-dry pulp may be
deposited into a vessel having suitable beaters, as hereinafter explained.
Although in this arrangement we have described and shewn the cylinder E and
the outer casing G, G¹ as all travelling in the same direction, we may, when and
where found necessary or desirable, arrange (by the employment of suitable inter-
mediate or other gear) that the cylinder E may rotate in one direction, while the
casing G, G¹ may rotate in a direction opposite thereto.
As a modification of the foregoing arrangement we may provide that the shaft A
may be open at both ends, but still be blocked at a convenient part of its length,
say that shewn by dotted lines at X, Fig. 2, in order that the pulp may enter the
left hand end of A and exude through one or both of the apertures d, while a flow
of clean water may be caused to enter the opposite end of A, and exude through
either or both of the apertures d by the means of suitable adjustable or other con-
duits leading thereto, the water thus permitted to mingle with the pulp serving
to cleanse the latter of the bleaching liquor and also prevent possible coagulation
of the pulp, and the blocking or choking of the apparatus.
In Fig. 6 Sheet 2 we illustrate an alternative method of construction which we
may find it convenient to adopt, more especially when a flow of clean water is
permitted to mingle with the pulp being drained, as set forth in connection with the
previous arrangement.
In this arrangement we prefer that the pulp or the like may enter the strain-
ing or draining chambers at the driven end or in other words opposite to that
shewn in Figs. 1, 2, and 3 the outer casings G and G¹ being in this case of tapered
or conical formation, the initial or charging end being of greater diameter than the
exhaust end, the chamber E¹ being of like formation and adapted to rotate with its
shaft A in like manner within G and G¹, the said shaft in this case being hollow
at the right hand end and blocked at or about the point X, and rotated with its
frame E at the same or like rate of speed relatively to the chamber G, G', and
in the same direction as, or in opposite direction to G G¹ as in the previous method,
such rotation being effected by similar or other suitable gear operated from the
same or other convenient source of power. The chamber G, G¹ is preferably pro-
vided at its larger end with a circular plate or dise N rivetted or otherwise con-
nected thereto, the said plate having a boss or sleeve 0 extending through the
bearing B³, whereat it may receive a toothed wheel H as in the previous method,
and by reason of the conical formation of the perforated chambers G and G', the
said plate N and boss O would in most cases be sufficient to suspend the said
chambers, but where necessary we may arrange that the opposite or smaller end
of G, G may be borne in suitable bearings.
The helices b of E' in this method are so arranged that the pitch thereof increases
as they near the narrower end of I, so that the travel of the pulp may increase
in rapidity commensurate with the narrowing of the diameter of E¹, this being
ultimately delivered in a semi-wet condition from the open smaller end of G
and Gas in the previous method.
In this arrangement we prefer to provide brick or other concrete walls or a
rectangular or other shaped chamber having such walls l', one angle or part of
which may serve to support the bearing B', the other bearing B being supported
upon a truss or beam C mounted upon pillars D as in Figs. 12 and 3, the said
walls or chamber P having a cement or other concrete bottom R, provided with a
sink or the like S, into which the liquor drained from G and G¹ may be conveyed

page_text: through a conduit T to where required. We may in this arrangement provide
a cover K if desired or necessary.
As previously stated we may in lieu of the truck M employ a wooden or other
chest or stationery vessel, such as M' (Figs. 7, 8 and 9) in which is provided suit-
able beaters j and j¹, mounted upon a spindle m, with means such as a pulley n
by which it may be rotated by any suitable and available power. The said chest
has connected thereto and communicating therewith any suitable form of rotary
force pump, such as p, having upon its shaft a pulley r, by means of which the said
pump may be operated by any available power. By means of this arrangement
the semi-dry pulps as it leaves the vessel G, G¹ would fall into the chest or vessel M³
and would there be treated by the beaters j and j¹ (and may be a supply of clean
water) and would by means of the said pump and a conduit t be drawn off from M¹
and be treated as may be found necessary, or conveyed to where required, which
may be to the paper making machine.
From the foregoing description of our invention and with reference to the
accompanying drawings, it will be understood that the principle involved may be
employed in connection with various forms of hydro-extractors and in the manu-
facture of that class of refined sugar known as centrifugal.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is:-
-
1st. The hydro-extracting apparatus for draining paper-pulp and other sub-
stances, consisting of the combination of a parallel or tapered cylinder, mounted
upon a hollow or partly hollow shaft rotated at a high rate of speed by any suit-
able means, the said cylinder having upon its outer surface a single or double
helical path communicating with the said hollow shaft, the said helical cylinder
being enclosed by another cylinder open at one end and closed at the other, and
having a single or double surface provided with holes, slits, slots or other per-
forations, with means for rotating the said perforated cylinder in the same or
opposite direction to that of the helical cylinder, with means for receiving and
treating the drained pulp or the like and conveying it to where required, suth-
stantially as and for the purposes herein set forth and shewn.
2nd. In an apparatus for draining paper-pulp and other substances, the com-
bination of a cylindrical chamber such as E, supported by the means of arms a
upon a hollow or partly hollow shaft A, borne in suitable bearings such as B
and B, the said shaft being connected at one end with a conduit L, and at the
other having diverging channels such as c and c¹, terminating in an opening or
openings d in the outer surface of E, and communicating, with a helical path or
paths thereon, formed by a web or webs b, the said chamber E being enclosed by
a second chamber open at one end by arms or supports connected to a boss or
sleeve F, and closed at the other by a disc el connected to a boss or sleeve F¹, the
said outer chamber having a single or double surface or surfaces such as G or
and G¹, connected by ties such as f and provided with holes, slits, slots, or other
perforations or and g¹, and adapted to rotate with and upon, and in the same or
opposite direction as that of, the shaft A, by the means of suitable gearing, actua-
ting both, the whole connected combined and operating substantially as and for
the purposes herein described and shewn by the accompanying drawings.
3rd. In an apparatus for draining paper pulp and other substances, the com-
bination of a conical frame or chamber E¹, supported by a hollow or partly hollow
shaft A, borne in suitable bearings such as B and B₁, the said shaft being con-
nected at one end with a conduit such as L, and having at the same end diverging
channels c and terminating in openings d d in the outer surface of El, and com-
municating with a helical path or paths thereon, formed by a web or webs h, the
said chamber E¹ being enclosed by a like shaped second chamber open at its
smallest end, and closed at its opposite and larger end, by a disc N, connected to
or having a hoss O, adapted to rotate upon the shaft A, the said outer chamber

page_text: having a single or double surface or surfaces G or and G¹,-connected by ties such
as f, and provided with holes, slits, slots or other perforations 9 or and 91, the two
said chambers being supported above two brick or other concrete walls P or a
rectangular or other chamber formed by such walls, and having a concrete or
other bottom such as R, adapted to drain into a conduit T, the said cylindrical
chambers being adapted to be rotated in the same or opposite directions to each
other by the means of suitable gear and power, substantially as herein described
and shewn.
4th. In combination with a hydro-extractor or apparatus for draining paper pulp
and other substances characterized by the preceding claims, the employment of
a truck such as M for receiving the said pulp or other drained substance, or a
chest such as M', having beaters such as j and j', and force pump such as p, t, and
means for actuating the same for treating the said drained pulp s, substantially
as set forth and shewn, more particularly by Figs. 7, 8 and 9.
1000
GEO. THOS. HYDE,
1, Broad Street Buildings, Liverpool Street, London, E.C.,
Agents for the Applicants.