matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE ORNAMENTING OF BOOTS, SHOES, AND GOLOSHES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ferdinand Nauheim at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th August
1862.
I, FERDINAND NAUHEIM, of Cecil Street, Mile End Road, in the County of
Middlesex, Boot Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE ORNAMENTING OF BOOTS, SHOES, AND GOLOSHES,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the ornamenting the "uppers" or parts of the
uppers of dress boots and shoes, and also goloshes, when formed of enamelled
leather. Hitherto it has been the practice when ornamenting the upper or
the vamp, the toe cap, or goloshe of such boots and shoes, to do it by means of
stitching, which renders the leather liable to crack. Now, the object of this
Invention is to introduce a kind of ornamentation, which, besides being less
costly than the ornamental stitching, will last as long as the boot or shoe, and
will not increase the tendency of the leather to crack. The ornament which I
propose to adopt may consist of any appropriate device, the effect being
obtained by removing the gloss from the leather at the part where the orna-
ment occurs, the glossy surface remaining to form the back ground. This
dulling of the surface may be effected in various ways, but that which I prefer
is to place a stencil plate cut to the form of the pattern or device on to the
enamelled leather, and by means of pumicestone or other suitable grit to
destroy by friction the exposed glossy surface. By this means a dull ornament
is obtained, which will contrast in a very agreeable manner with the surround-
ing glossy surface of the enamelled leather.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON- STRUCTION AND APPLICATION OF RAILS FOR RAILWAYS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Haseltine at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th June
1862. A communication from abroad by Benjamin Morison, of Phila-
delphia, Pennsylvania, United States, Engineer.
I, GEORGE HASELTINE, of the "International Patent Office," No. 100,
Fleet Street, in the City of London, American Barrister-at-Law, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON-
STRUCTION AND APPLICATION OF RAILS FOR RAILWAYS," a communication to me
from abroad by Benjamin Morison, of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United
States, Engineer, to be as follows:-
The nature of this Invention consists in dividing the metal used in making
the ordinary single bar flange rail into two separate or distinct parts, which
for clearness of description may be termed respectively the "
wearing rail"
and the "supporting rail," and combining them togather in distinct horizontal
planes, or parallel with each other by means of intermediary plates or blocks
in combination with clamping hooks or their equivalents, arranged and secured
at equal distances apart from each other, and also in such uniform relation to
the previously determined distances apart of the cross ties or ground sills used
for the foundation of the said combined rails, as to bring the points of attach-
ment or application to the said cross ties or ground sills at such parts only of
the "supporting rail" as will be midway between each pair respectively of
said combined plates and clamps, for the purpose of producing a compound

page_text: rail that will be, when laid, at least equal in strength to the ordinary single
bar flange rail as the same is now laid to form a track, and a track surface
having a uniform elasticity and strength throughout, under such loads as are
now carried on railways by steam as the motive power.
The nature of this Invention further consists in securing each of the
joints which occur at the abutting or contiguous ends of the said "wearing
rails" by means of a longer intermediary plate in combination with clamping
hooks or their equivalents, the said plate being arranged along between the
"supporting rail" and the abutting or contiguous ends of the "wearing rails,"
so as to be, together with the said joint, midway between two adjacent cross
ties or ground sills, for the purpose of giving to this part of the track the
same general elasticity, and at least the same equality of strength, which are
characteristics of the other portions of the same.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING YEAST, AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF AMMONIACAL SALTS, AND SUBSTITUTE FOR ANIMAL CHARCOAL
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Patrick Robertson at the Offico
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st March
1862.
I, PATRICK ROBERTSON, of Sun Court, Cornhill, in the City of London,
do hereby declaro the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
TREATING YEAST, AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF AMMONIACAL SALTS, AND
SUBSTITUTE FOR ANIMAL CHARCOAL," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in treating yeast, and in
the manufacture of ammoniacal salts, and a substitute for animal charcoal.
For these purposes in order to obtain dry yeast which may be kept for a
considerable time without prejudice to its quality, I first separate as much of
the moisture as possible by subjecting the yeast to the action of a centrifugal
machine to pressure or otherwise as is well understood, and then finally dry it
in a chamber or vessel having shelves or supports on which are placed trays
containing sulphuric acid, chloride of calcium, carbonate of potash, Canadian
potash or lime in such manner as to be surrounded with the shelves or supports
baving thereon the yeast to be dried. A vacuum is obtained in the cham-
ber or vessel by exhausting pumps or otherwise, and in time the yeast will be
completely dried, The yeast is then reduced to powder and is fit for use.
The powder may be stored in bottles or other close vessels.
In using yeast in order to manufacture ammoniacal salts and a substitute

page_text: for animal charcoal, the yeast in a moist state is mixed with clay and carbonate
of lime or chalk, the mixture is to be dried and then calcined. It is preferred
that the mixture of the matters above-mentioned should be such that the
calcined product may contain at the rate of ten parts of carbon, eighty parts
of clay and ten parts of chalk, but these proportions may be varied. When the
substitute for animal charcoal is to be used for filtering acids the chalk may be
left out and only yeast and clay employed.
-
In calcining the above mixture in order to obtain the substitute for animal
charcoal, water, carbonate of ammonia, oils and gases are evolved, these aro
subjected to the action of a suitable condenser by which tho water, oils, and
carbonate of ammonia are obtained in a suitable receiver, the oils float on the
water which is charged with the carbonate of ammonia and which salt of
ammonia is changed into muriate or sulphate of ammonia in the ordinary
manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HEALDS, AND IN THE MACHINERY EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Enoch Fielding at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd October
1862.
I, ENOCH FIELDING, of Willow Bank, near Todmorden, in the County of
York, Mechanic, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HEALDS, AND IN THE MACHINERY EMPLOYED
THEREIN," to be as follows:-
In manufacturing my improved healds I make use of heald yarn of the
usual description, but the eye of the heald instead of being formed by looping
the yarn is produced by means of two small rings of metal or other material,
which are threaded on the doubled yarns and placed at the requisite distance
apart, so as to leave the eye between them.
The machinery which I employ in manufacturing my improved healds
consists of a reel equal in circumference to twice the depth of the heald, and
of any convenient length according to the width of the loom in which the
heald, when made, is to be used. The heald yarn is then wound on this reel
(divided equally along its length) to suit the distance required between the
eyes of the healds. One of the staves of the heald is then passed through the
reel and secured to the yarn, the yarn is then slackened on the reel, and two
rings are threaded on to each double yarn; the second stave is then secured to
the yarn, and the rings are then brought into their proper positions by rods or
wires. The heald thus partly formed is now removed from the reel, and the

page_text: whole or the centre portion is dipped into hot size, which causes the yarn to
expand and retains the rings in their proper positions; or the rings may be
secured in their proper positions by being compressed on the yarns.
I wish to observe that the ordinary heald-knitting machinery may be partly
used in manufacturing my improved healds.
USE OF PETROLEUM OR COAL OIL AS FUEL, AND ALSO FOR THE MACHINERY AND APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED FOR THIS PURPOSE
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward John Biddle at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
July 1862.
I, EDWARD JOHN BIDDLE, of the City, County, and State of New York,
United States of America, now residing at the Grosvenor Hotel, Pimlico,
County of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "THE USE OF PETROLEUM OR COAL OIL AS FUEL, AND ALSO FOR
THE MACHINERY AND APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED FOR THIS PURPOSE," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to the use of petroleum or coal oil as fuel, more
especially for generating steam for operating machinery, also to tanks for con-
taining, and a furnace for burning the oil, and to apparatus or machinery for
conveying the same to the furnaces as rapidly as may be desired. The
furnace, which may be of any suitable size and shape, is constructed of ordinary
materials. Instead of the grate or bars now used the bed of the furnace is
constructed solid to prevent the escape of the fluid. This bed may be made
either smooth or corrugated. The draught is obtained through a grating in
the side or end of the furnace, which admits the air, but confines the flames,
and an additional supply of air comes to the flames through pipes terminating
within the walls of the furnace. The oil enters the furnace at the bottom,
and is at first ignited by surrounding the mouth of the pipe, through which it
passes with a small quantity of burning coals. A cap may be placed over the

page_text: furnace for protection, in case the flame should escape through the grating.
Tanks for holding the oil are provided with pipes, which permit the escape of
the explosive gases, and renders the use of this oil perfectly safe. These tanks
are connected with each other, and with a-distributing reservoir by pipes of a
suitable size. A steam or hand pump may be employed to draw the oil from
the links to a distributing reservoir. From this reservoir, which is situated
in a higher plane than the bottom of the furnace, the oil passes into the
furnace, the flow being regulated, as may be desired, by a stop-cock, which is
governed by the pressure of steam or by hand. A waste pipe carries back
any surplus that may accumulate in the distributing reservoir to the tanks.
This fuel possesses the advantage of cheapness and convenience. When used
on steam ships it economizes space, no fireman or stokers are needed, and
steam can be very speedily raised on lighting the fire.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING COFFER-DAMS AND OTHER SIMILAR STRUCTURES FOR EXCLUDING OR KEEPING BACK THE FLOW OF WATER AND PREVENTING INUNDATIONS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Carl Heinrich Roeckner at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th December 1862.
I, CARL HEINRICH ROECKNER, of Bristol, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF CONSTRUCTING COFFER-DAMS
AND OTHER SIMILAR STRUCTURES FOR EXCLUDING OR KEEPING BACK THE FLOW OF
WATER AND PREVENTING INUNDATIONS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention consists in driving piles across the bed of a river or other
watercourse at some distance from each other, say, two, or three, or four feet,
as under and according to circumstances, instead of driving the said piles close
together in two or more rows and ramming clay between, as hitherto practised.
To obviate the use of clay I propose to employ a strong woven material or
fabric, such as a sailcloth, rendered waterproof by any known means. This
fabric I stretch across the entire line of piles, and I propose that the depth of
the said fabric be considerably more than the depth of the river or other
watercourse from the top of the said piles, in order that a part of the said
fabric shall lie on the bed of the river or other watercourse. The effect of the
above arrangement is as follows:-Take, for example, a tidal river, and
suppose the fabric before mentioned to be placed on that side of the row of
piles aforesaid against which the water would flow and press as the tide rises,
the pressure of the water will force the aforesaid fabric against the piles, and
the pressure of the superincumbent body of water will also press said fabric
upon the bed of the river or other watercourse and thus prevent the passage

page_text: of water past said piles as the tide ebbs; the pressure being removed, the
water at the other side of said fabric will be free to pass out should the level
thereof be higher than that of the tide, and by these means large tracts of land
may be drained in a speedy, simple, and efficient manner, and at a com-
paratively small cost; and in like manner coffer-dams and other like structures
may be formed and rendered water-tight.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LAWN MOWING MACHINES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Morton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd December
1862.
I, ALEXANDER MORTON, of Arbroath, in the County of Forfar, Engineer
and Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LAWN MOWING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in attaching an internal segment to or casting it in a
piece with one of the handles of the machine, and forming therewith a bracket,
which acts as a bearing to the drum or roller shaft. A pinion in a piece with
a grooved and feathered chain wheel is mounted on the outer end of the drum
shaft. The pinion gears into a second pinion, which latter receives motion
from a crank on the drum shaft. A chain passes round the chain wheel, and
extends to a similar but smaller grooved wheel on the shaft to which the
knives are fitted for communicating motion to them. Sometimes I use two
chains for communicating motion to the knives, in which case I employ an
intermediate shaft.
My Invention also consists in surrounding the handles of lawn mowing
machines with cord to render them more suitable for handling than when the
surface is smooth, as hitherto.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING AND LOWERING WINDOW BLINDS, MAPS, AND OTHER ARTICLES, AND FOR RETAINING THEM IN POSITION
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Blinston Francis at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
November 1862.
I, JOHN BLINSTON FRANCIS, of Hullard Hall Lane, Stretford, near the City
of Manchester, Cabinet Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING AND LOWERING WINDOW
BLINDS, MAPS, AND OTHER ARTICLES, AND FOR RETAINING THEM IN POSITION," to be
as follows:-
In Venetian blinds, maps, and other articles it is customary to convey the
cords by which they are raised and lowered over guide pulleys mounted on a
fixed stud. Now my Invention consists in mounting the said guide pulleys in
a lever or levers jointed to a box or frame, the cords after passing over the
guide pulleys pass between the tail end of the levers and the inside of the box
or frame; to the tail end of the lever is also attached a check cord. After
the blind, map, or other article has been raised to the required height, it is
retained in position by the weight thereof binding the cords between the tail
end of the levers and the frame. In lowering the blind, map, or other article,
the check cord has to be depressed to allow the cord to pass between the
tail ends of the levers and the frame.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ARMOUR FOR THE PROTECTION OF SHIPS OF WAR AND OTHER VESSELS AND FORTIFICATIONS FROM THE EFFECTS OF CANNON SHOT OR OTHER PROJECTILES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Muntz at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th October 1862.
I, WILLIAM HENRY MUNTZ, of Millbrook, in the County of Hants, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN ARMOUR
FOR THE PROTECTION OF SHIPS OF WAR AND OTHER VESSELS AND FORTIFICATIONS
FROM THE EFFECTS OF CANNON SHOT OR OTHER PROJECTILES," to be as follows:-
Hitherto vessels of war (and also fortifications where the latter have been
furnished at all with protective casing) have been protected by covering them
exteriorly with plates of iron, steel, or other similar rigid and solid substance,
great thickness (and consequently great weight) being absolutely necessary to
afford any protection against guns of large calibre; but it has been recently
proved by experiment that no thickness of such rigid and solid material will
prevent the penetration of solid shot if the latter be of a sufficient weight and
propelled with great velocity, an increased thickness of iron or steel plates
merely necessitating a corresponding increase in the weight and velocity of the
projectile to effect its penetration.
Now my Invention consists in protecting such vessels or fortifications by
means of armour composed of elastic material, which absorbs instead of
resisting the force of the projectile, and stops it gradually instead of suddenly.
This elastic armour may be made either of a solid elastic substance, such as

page_text: vulcanized india-rubber, or of hollow cases or mattresses of vulcanized india-
rubber, or other similar material stuffed or filled with cotton or other elastic
or compressible substance, which may be rendered incombustible by chemical
means; or the cases or mattresses may be filled with atmospheric air, either
compressed or otherwise. The edges of the mattresses or cases should be
made in the form of a scarf joint, so that they overlap each other and still
preserve an even surface on the exterior. This elastic armour may be provided
with ropes or chains, so that it can be lowered over the side of the vessel or
fort when required; or if the exterior is formed of a material capable of
resisting the elements, it may be fixed permanently in its place..
IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM HAMMERS, AND IN FRAMINGS THEREFOR
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Octavius Butler at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th July
1862.
I, JOHN OCTAVIUS BUTLER, of the Kirkstall Forge Company, near Leeds,
in the County of York, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM HAMMERS, AND IN FRAMINGS THEREFOR,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the framing or supporting standards of steam
hammers, and consists in making such framing or standards of wrought iron in
lieu of cast iron as heretofore. In some cases the standards may be constructed
in one piece of wrought iron, and shaped either by forging under the hammer, .
or by suitable dies and pressure. For large hammers the supporting standards
would be composed of several wrought-iron plates rivetted together, and
strengthened by angle, T, or other suitably shaped bars, as is well known in the
making of wrought-iron structures.
According to one form of framing for heavy hammers it is proposed to
support the cylinder upon a wrought-iron entablature formed either of wrought-
iron hollow beams or of plate girders. This entablature or platform is supported
at the four corners by wrought-iron hollow columns of a round, square, or other
section, and composed of plates rivetted together, and strengthened by angle
irons inside, and by ribs or feathers on the outside thereof, also rivetted thereto;
or in the place of having the columns hollow, they may be forged in one solid

page_text: piece, or they may be made hollow, and the several plates therein united
together by welding, the same mode of uniting being applicable to the other
portions of the framing. The guides for the hammer block and piston rod
are also formed of wrought iron, and are secured to the framing by rivets or
otherwise, or forged in one piece therewith. It is obvious that various designs
of standards may be constructed on the above principle, according to the
sizes and forms of hammers to be made.
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF INSULATOR FOR TELEGRAPH WIRES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Baguley and Henry
Greener at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 10th October 1862.
We, GEORGE BAGULEY, of Hanley, in the County of Stafford, China Manu-
facturer, and HENRY GREENER, of Sunderland, in the County of Durham,
Flint Glass Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF INSULATOR FOR TELEGRAPH WIRES," to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is to secure telegraph wires in position on or
in their insulating supports without wire bindings or other attachments, as
commonly employed. This we effect by forming the insulator with a lon-
gitudinal slot for receiving the telegraph wire, and we gain access to the
slot for the insertion of the wire by making a zig-zag opening in the side
thereof. By this arrangement the tendency of the wire (through the con-
tinued action of the wind upon it) to escape from its seat is completely
checked.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN WASHING MACHINES
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Tomlinson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd January
1862.
I, JOHN TOMLINSON, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Iron Bedstead
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN WASHING MACHINES," to be as follows (that is to say):
A machine constructed according to this Invention consists of a suitably
shaped water-tight vessel, containing two disks of wood or other suitable
material, mounted parallel to each other on independent axles or rocking
shafts which are attached by connecting rods to a double cranked driving
shaft mounted parallel to the two rocking shafts. The disks have formed
on or fitted to their inner faces bushes or strips of vulcanised india-rubber
or other suitable elastic material springing therefrom at a right angle or nearly
so to the inner faces thereof or brushes, and the elastic slips may be used in
combination on one or both disks.
The cranks or levers on the rocking shafts being constructed with rather
more than twice the throw of the cranks on the revolving driving shaft
(which cranks being formed in opposite directions) impart to the disks.
reciprocating motion in opposite directions, thereby producing a rubbing
action on the clothes or other materials to be washed when placed between.
the disks, they being surrounded with water containing soap or other detergent.
One or both of the discs are so mounted that they may slide with their axles.

page_text: toward or from each other a given distance-to admit articles to be operated
upon to be placed between them. The crank pins on the rocking shafts
are formed sufficiently long to allow them to slide a limited distance through
the eyes on the ends of the connecting rods to give the required amount
of play.
The driving shaft, if preferred, may be fitted with a pair of cams or eccen-
trics in place of being formed with the two cranks. And in some cases
the connecting rods may be attached directly to the sides of the reciprocating
disks.
The disks can be kept towards each other by a spring or springs, weighted
levers, or in any other convenient way.
AN IMPROVED HEATER FOR IRONING OR PRESSING
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Tytherleigh at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th September
1862.
I, WILLIAM TYTHERLEIGH, Manufacturing Ironmonger, of 28, High
Street, Marylebone, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED HEATER FOR IRONING OR PRESSING,"
to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of a hollow heater made of wrought or cast iron,
which may also be made of brass or of any material capable of standing heat.
In the interior is fixed a burner with holes therein to admit of one or more
jets of gas, and to which is attached a tube, either elastic or otherwise, which
may if necessary be jointed, and have a stop-cock for regulating the supply of
gas to the burner. When necessary, I use with such heater a movable board
or platform for the heater to work on.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CASTING
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Clarke at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patent, with his Petition, on the 29th March
1862.
I, WILLIAM CLARKE, of Gateshead, in the County of Durham, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR CASTING," to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object the arrangement and combination of the
parts forming a core bar, to be used in casting pipes or hollow cylinders, or
in making various hollow castings without the aid of straw or hay ropes as
usual, thereby economising time, labour, and material. For this purpose the
core bar is composed of three or more plates so formed as when put together
to form a circular or other shaped core bar. Each of such plates is
formed either with or without a central strengthening rib, and also with a V
piece at each end adapted to fit into a correspondingly formed V ring, or V arms,
for supporting and holding the plates at each end of a central spindle. On
one end of this spindle is formed a screw, which fits a screw nut in one of the
V rings or V arms, so that by turning the nut in either direction the V rings
or Varms may be brought nearer together or forced further apart. By
bringing the V rings nearer together the several plates comprising the core
bar will be held firmly in their respective positions, and will thus form together
a rigid core bar, while by forcing them apart the plates will be allowed to fall
inwards so as to admit of their being drawn out of the casting. The number
of V rings or V arms, and corresponding V pieces on or connected to the plates
may be varied to suit different castings.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF APPLYING ACOUSTIC APPARATUS IN CHURCHES AND OTHER BUILDINGS AND APARTMENTS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
March 1862. A communication from abroad by David Dunham Stelle,
of New Brunswick, and Abram Van Arsdale, of Newark, both in the
State of New Jersey, United States of America.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF APPLYING ACOUSTIC
APPARATUS IN CHURCHES AND OTHER BUILDINGS AND APARTMENTS," to be as
follows:-
The acoustic apparatus consists of a funnel-shaped receiver of an elliptical
form at its mouth, which fits to an opening in the top of the pulpit and collects
the sound. The elliptical funnel-shaped receiver gradually assumes a circular
form toward the bottom, where it terminates in a circular throat, from which a
pipe runs under the floor to any convenient point, where it is led upward
through the floor to connect with a taper flexible tube, at the end of which is a
suitable ear piece to be placed in the ear of the person requiring it to conduct
the sound thereto. Instead of being elliptical, the mouth of the funnel-
shaped receiver may be of circular, square, or other form, and the conducting
pipe may be above the floor. Bars of wood or metal may be arranged across
the mouth of the receiver to support a book if required. The receiver may be
applied to a reading desk or table in any private apartment, with the conduc

page_text: ting pipe above the floor, when not convenient to place it below. In applying
have
the apparatus in a church or public building, the conducting pipe may
as many branches as may be desired, and each branch may have as many other
branches as may be necessary with flexible tube connections to convey the sound
to as many persons as may require them.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS USED FOR COLLECTING FIBROUS MATERIALS AND DIRT FROM THE CARRIAGE BOARDS AND ROLLER BEAMS OF MULES AND OTHER SIMILAR MACHINES USED IN SPINNING
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Hopwood at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th August
1862.
I, JAMES HOPWOOD, of Ashton-under-Lyne, in the County of Lancaster,
Mechanic, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS USED FOR COLLECTING FIBROUS MATERIALS AND
DIRT FROM THE CARRIAGE BOARDS AND ROLLER BEAMS OF MULES AND OTHER SIMILAR
MACHINES USED IN SPINNING," to be as follows:-
I employ a roller or series of rollers, extending along the carriage board,
revolving in contact therewith while the carriage is running out, but kept
clear therefrom when the carriage is running in. This change is effected by
mounting the said rollers upon levers turning upon centres at the back of the
roller beam, and connected to other levers which are fixed to a line shaft
extending along the width of the mule. One or more of these last-mentioned
levers carries a roller which, when the carriage is running out, moves beneath
an inclined plane, which inclined plane then turns upon a centre so as to
allow the said roller to pass on to its upper side, and thus the line shaft is
caused to turn and elevate the clearing rollers. To the levers which carry
the cleaning rollers I adapt arms extending upward and carrying a roller or
rollers which, as the carriage runs in, move upward and revolve against the
roller beam; but when the carriage runs out, then the turning of the levers
upon their centres conveys the said rollers clear of the roller beam.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SAFETY LAMPS
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Harby Barber at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th January
1862.
I, HARBY BARBER, of Belgrave, in the County of Leicester, Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
SAFETY LAMPS," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in safety lamps relates to a novel con-
struction and arrangement of certain of the parts of miners' lamps, whereby
some of the inconveniences of and objections to these lamps are avoided.
One object of my Invention is to render it impossible for the workman to
remove the light from the lamp, or even to attempt to do so without detection.
This is effected by attaching to some fixed part of the lamp a piece of thin
steel or other suitable brittle substance in such a manner that the lower part
of the lamp cannot be removed from the upper or gauze protector without
breaking this brittle substance. A convenient way of doing this is to attach
the piece of steel or other brittle substance to the burner part of the lamp, so
that when any attempt is made to unscrew the bottom part an arm, pin, or
other projecting piece will be brought against this brittle piece, and will break
it off. As the workman will be unable to supply or replace the defective part,
this will at once shew that the lamp has been tampered with, and the man
will be dealt with accordingly.
I also propose to adapt an extinguishing tube to the wick holder, & by
raising this extinguisher the light will be put out. In adapting this extinguisher

page_text: to the lamp I make the wick holder with a double tube, and into the annular
space between the parts of the wick holder I insert the lower part of the
extinguisher tube. By this means a longer extinguishing tube can be used
than can be otherwise employed.
Another improvement consists in adapting to the top of the extinguisher
tube a spring arm or arms, whereby the extinguisher tube will be lifted out of
its socket and retained in the upper part of the lamp, when the latter is opened
for any purpose.
My last improvement relates to the form or construction of the burner, and
consists in using a flat wick, which is to be bent round into a circular form or 1
nearly so, thereby forming a burner on the Argand principle, or with a central
space for the admission of air to the wick.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR TURNING OVER THE LEAVES OF MUSIC
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION. left by Robert Brockholes Thomas at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition; on the
3rd December 1862..
I, ROBERT BROCKHOLES THOMAS, of Anderton, in the County of Devon, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS
FOR TURNING OVER THE LEAVES OF MUSIC," to be as follows:-
This Invention is capable of, being applied to ordinary music desks adapted
to pianofortes, or it may be applied to music stands, such as are used by
violinists, or other instrumental performers.
To the desk which supports the music I apply a series of wires capable of
turning on a central pin at top and bottom, one of these wires being employed
to turn over each leaf of the music. The pin upon which these wires turn
over is placed to the left of the centre of the stand, which is the turning point
of the leaves, so that the wires being originally placed behind the centre of the
leaves (where they have most power), as the leaves turn over slide outwards
on to the margin of the leaf, so as not to obstruct a clear view of the notes..
Each of these wires is furnished at its lower outer angle with a small wire hook
or projection, behind which the lower margin of the leaf is placed, to obviate
the liability which a leaf might occasionally have of turning over with the
preceding one, and leaving its own wire bare. Each of the wires is also
provided with an india-rubber or other spring having a constant tendency to
throw the wire over to the left.
On the right-hand side of the lower part of the desk, and close to the

page_text: position the wires assume when turned over to the right, I place a spring catch
or bolt of a peculiar construction; this catch is so formed and arranged as that
when a wire is turned over to the right the bolt slides back to let the wire pass
and immediately shoots forwards and retains it, so that in placing a piece of
music on the desk, all that is necessary to be done is to place the lower margin
of each leaf separately in the hook of its respective wire, and turn the wires
successively over to the right, where they are all held by the catch, the first
page of the music being uppermost. It will now be evident, that if each of
these wires be successively released, its spring will draw it over to the left,
carrying its respective leaf with it, but as the sliding back of the catch would
release all the wires at once, in order to release only one at a time the bolt
is also made capable of an oscillating movement on a centre pin, and is pro-
vided with a knife edge projecting the thickness of one wire from the back of
the catch. As the catch oscillates on its centre pin the knife edge first passes
behind the front wire, retaining all the rest, and the front part of the catch
then releases the first wire and allows its respective spring to turn over the first
leaf, and so on, releasing one wire at a time each oscillation of the spring.
catch. The oscillation of the catch is effected by means of a string or wire,
which may either be pulled by the hand or connected to a pedal and worked
by the foot.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS, MACHINERY, OR APPARATUS FOR WARPING, SCOURING, SIZING, STRETCHING, MEASURING, COOLING, DRYING, AND BEAMING YARNS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Tom Holdsworth and John Crossley
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 11th August 1862.
We, TOM HOLDSWORTH, of the Firm of John Holdsworth and Company, of
Shaw Lodge Mills, Halifax, in the County of York, Manufacturer, and JOHN
CROSSLEY, of Bank Bottom Mills, Halifax aforesaid, Machine Maker, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS,
MACHINERY, OR APPARATUS FOR WARPING, SCOURING, SIZING, STRETCHING,
MEASURING, COOLING, DRYING, AND BEAMING YARNS FOR WEAVING," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists generally in constructing, arranging, and combining
machinery or apparatus for effecting the several purposes in one operation, and
particularly in arranging the bobbin creels in such manner that a greater number
of ends or threads may be warped together than heretofore, by using supports
and by crossing the threads to prevent entanglement betwixt the bobbins and
the point or place where the warp is formed; also in taking the "lays" or
"leash" or dividing the warp to form the shed by means of healds or heddles;
also, in having the scouring troughs lined with or formed of galvanized iron,
and in applying a hand lever to remove the top squeezing rollers from contact
with the bottom ones, when desirable, in the scouring and sizing parts of the
apparatus. We also employ rollers to traverse or travel the warp backward and
forward to obtain extent of distance betwixt the squeezing rollers and beam

page_text: for stretching the threads; also we apply fans for cooling, and steam cylinders
for drying the warp after the process of scouring and sizing; we also apply an
index plate or indicating apparatus, in such manner as to be actuated by one
of the traverse rollers, for measuring the warp as it is passed forward to the
beam, and which apparatus may also be made to mark the "cutts or lengths
of pieces; we also drive the beam by friction plates, capable of adjustment to
the stretch or tension desirable to be put upon the warp, and the bearings for
the beam are so arranged as to be adjustable to the length thereof.
AN IMPROVED CIGAR TUBE OR HOLDER
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Richard Passey and Louis
Niman at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 14th August 1862.
We, HENRY RICHARD PASSEY, and LOUIS NIMAN, of 17, Little Newport
Street, Leicester Square, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED CIGAR TUBE OR HOLDER," to be
as follows:-
This Invention consists of an improved tube or holder for cigars, by the use
of which the cigar may be smoked without being brought in contact with the
mouth or fingers, and whereby the cigar may be extinguished at any time
and transferred to the pocket or travelling case perfectly enclosed in the tube
and incapable of imparting an unpleasant odour to any contiguous articles.
The holder consists of a metal tube or cylinder about three-quarters of an inch
in diameter, and about five inches in length, at one end of which a funnel-
shaped mouth-piece is attached. In the interior of the cylinder at the mouth
of the funnel, a spiral spring is placed which tends constantly to press forward
a conical wooden ring or tube into which the tip of the cigar is to be inserted.
The cigar is then to be pushed down into the cylinder against the action of
the spring and then a cap having the two ends cylindrical and the middle
portion of a conical form is to be placed on the open end of the cylinder, and
the end of the cigar will then slightly protrude through the small open end of
the cap and may be lighted and smoked when required, the spring keeping

page_text: the end of the cigar constantly exposed. Attached to the cylinder by a ring
or otherwise is a chain securing a cap or extinguisher, which may be placed
on the small open cylindrical end of the conical tube, so as to enclose or
extinguish the cigar. The entire holder may be made of silver or other metal
or it may be made of wood or glass, or it may be composed partly of metal 5
and partly of wood, amber, or other ordinary substance used in the construction
of cigar holders.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS FOR INDICATING THE SPEED OF SHIPS AT SEA
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederic Newton Gisborne at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th December 1862.
I, FREDERIC NEWTON GISBORNE, of No. 3, Adelaide Place, London Bridge,
in the City of London, Engineer and Electrician, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MEANS FOR INDICATING THE
SPEED OF SHIPS AT SEA," to be as follows:-
I employ magneto-electric currents excited by a soft iron armature revolving
before electro-magnets attached to a permanent magnet, and motion is given
to the armature by the action of the water upon screw fans attached to a shaft,
at the end of which the armature is secured, in accordance with the speed at
which the apparatus is towed through the water. The currents generated are
conveyed through insulated wires to a step-by-step electro-magnetic indicator,
and the number of progressive movements within a given time will thus
indicate the vessel's speed, and sometimes I use the revolving axis.simply to
make and break a galvanic current which in effect answers the purpose
herein-before mentioned.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF THE NOXIOUS GASES OR VAPOURS PRODUCED IN THE DISTILLATION OR PURIFICATION OF TAB
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at tho
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd July 1862.-A communication from abroad by Pierre Louis Joseph
Semet, of Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of 166, Buchanan Street, in the City of Glasgow, North
Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF THE NOXIOUS GASES OR VAPOURS PRODUCED
IN THE DISTILLATION OR PURIFICATION OF TAB," a communication from abroad
by Pierre Louis Joseph Semet, of Paris, in the Empire of France, to be
as follows:-
This Invention relates to the destruction of the noxious gases or vapours
which are evolved in the distillation or purification of tar, and consists in causing
such vapours to pass from the "etouffoir" or closed chamber wherein the
solid matters are deposited, into a second closed chamber, in place of allowing
them to pass off direct into the atmosphere. The pipes which connect the
first chamber with the second are inclined, so as to allow the napthaline and
other products to pass freely into the second vessel with the vapours. A
second pipe of considerable length connects the upper part of the second
chamber with a furnace or fire-place, which effectually consumes the noxious
vapours as fast as they enter the furnace, the harmless products of combustion

page_text: passing off by a flue to a chimney.. When the solid matter is withdrawn from
the "etouffoir" it may be placed in a receptacle beneath a hood, which is also
in communication with the furnace, so that the vapours arising therefrom may
also be consumed, in place of escaping direct into the atmosphere.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF PAPER FOR COPYING LETTERS AND OTHER DOCUMENTS, AND IN THE PREPARATION OF COPYING INK
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Percy Roberts, at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
April 1862.
I, RICHARD PERCY ROBERTS, of 3, Exeter Villas, Kennington Oval, in the
County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF PAPER FOR COPYING LETTERS AND OTHER
DOCUMENTS, AND IN THE PREPARATION OF COPYING INK," to be as follows:-
The object of the first part of this Invention is so to prepare paper to be
used for copying letters and other documents written with ink, that the paper
will not require wetting or damping previous to the letter to be copied being
pressed upon it, as is now the case. For this purpose I impregnate the
paper with a material which, when a document written in ink is pressed
against it, will be acted on by the ink and thus produce a copy of the writing;
the material I employ for this purpose is glycerine, or glycerine together with
tannin or oxalic acid, or glycerine together with sub-carbouate of potash, or
glycerine together with tannin and sub-carbonate of potash. The paper,
after having had these materials applied to it, may be made into books in the
ordinary way, and letters or other documents may be copied upon it by simply
placing the letters on the paper and pressing the book in a press, the leaves
being separated in the ordinary way by what are known as oil sheets.
My improvements in copying ink consists in combining glycerine, molasses,

page_text: and the seeds known as albemoschus with ink-making materials. The following
is the composition of the ink I prefer :-
Distilled or other water
Logwood chips
Gum arabic
Molasses
Sugar candy
-
Aleppo galls, bruised
Bi-chloride of mercury
Albemoschus
Alcohol
1 gallon.
8 ounces.
1 oz.
1 to 2 oz.
1 to 2 oz.
8 oz.
5 grains.
10 grains.
1 oz.
Precipitate black, rubbed up with
a little mucilage
with}
10 grains.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN OR ADDITION TO WHEELS PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE TO THE WHEELS OF RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGESs
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Millbanke Mayes at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th August 1862.
I, WILLIAM MILLBANKE MAYES, of Hoxton, in the County of Middlesex,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVEMENT IN OR ADDITION TO WHEELS PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE TO
THE WHEELS OF RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in inserting in the nave of wheels or in a box or
casing surrounding the axle or nave, a spiral spring or springs. The springs
surround the axle and all shock or jar to the axle during the running of the
wheels is prevented.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN PROPELLERS FOR PROPELLING SHIPS, BOATS, AND OTHER VESSELS IN WATER
Year: 1862

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Philp and John Philp
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
10th February 1862.
We, RICHARD PHILP and JOHN PHILP, of Lower John St., Golden Square,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN PROPELLERS FOR PROPELLING SHIPS, BOATS, AND
OTHER VESSELS IN WATER," to be as follows:-
Our improvement in propellers for propelling ships, boats, and other vessels
in water relates partly to the form of the blades, and partly to their relative
position on the boss, and is as follows:-We increase the surface of the blades
at the outer extremities of their leading edges, while we cut away the corre-
sponding portion of the delivery edges, so that the horizontal distance between
the leading corners of the crowns when the delivery edges are perpendicular is
greatly increased for the same diameter of propeller and surface of blade over
the corresponding distance between the leading corners of propellers hitherto
in use, while at the same time the horizontal distance between the delivery
corners is reduced as near as may be to a point. The blades so placed spread
out laterally on each side until they make but one angle, instead of two vertical
angles, as in propellers hitherto made (as near as may be), viz., at the delivery
corners, as seen by a spectator looking through the propeller from one crown
to the other.