Improvements in Brakes for Pneumatic India-rubber or like Tyred Vehicles."
Year: 1897

page_text: Date of Application, 19th Jan., 1897
Complete Specification Left, 19th Oct., 1897-Accepted, 18th Dec.,
1897
6
FRUVIDIONAL
* Improvements in Brakes for Pneumatic India-rubber or like Tyred
Vehicles."
I, PIETER VAN GELDER of Bankroyd, Sowerby Bridge in the County of York,
Milling Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention has for its object improvements in brakes for pneumatic, india-rubber
or like tyred vehicles.
These consist essentially in forming the roller with two diameters, one diameter the
friction surface bearing against the wheel, the other the friction surface on the brake
itself. The brake surface is of smaller diameter than the friction surface. The stem of
the brake apparatus ends in a bracket which has a stay bearing against the handle pillar
A shield or roof is screwed to
and this bracket is preferably set screwed to the stem.
On the axle
this bracket which shield or roof has side brackets carrying the brakes.
two links are also pivoted connected by clips with the forks. The brake may be
applied to either wheel or wheels and may be put in operation or action by means of
a lever or levers or by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure.
Dated the 10th day of January 1897
WM P THOMPSON & Co
Of 6 Lord Street, Liverpool, Patent Agents for the Applicant
"Improvements in Brakes for Pneumatic India-rubber or like Tyred
Vehicles."
I, PIETER VAN GELDER of Bankroyd Sowerby Bridge in the County of York,
Milling Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:-
This invention has for its object improvements in brakes for pneumatic, india-
rubber or like tyred vehicles.
The invention is best described by aid of the accompanying drawings, in which
Fig 1 is a transverse section of the brake device,
Fig 2 a longitudinal section.
In these A is the roller formed with two diameters or circumferences B & C, the
▸ outer circumference B being the friction surface bearing against the wheel D and the
This inner surface C is preferably
inner friction surface C bearing on the brake E.
It can however be of
the wood or other material of the brake. F is the stem of the brake apparatus formed
made of a metal cylinder in order to lessen the wear and tear.
D
077

page_text: of a hollow tube. In a screwed cap of this, H, the upper stem part of the stem G is
screwed, the lower end of the stem is attached to the bracket I. This bracket is
preferably set-screwed to the stem by a set screw K and in practice I prefer to form
it of a casting k and wrought iron while between these is placed a shield or roof L,
the whole being fixed together by screws m. The bracket I by its side lugs carries
the brake E. This is attached to the bracket by means of screw N and check-nuts n n.
Between these check-nuts on each side I place a stay bearing against the pillar P.
The roller A can be of wood but I prefer to make it of india-rubber. This is tightly
compressed between two rings U screwed on to the ends of the surface plate
or cylinder C. The brakes E are preferably of willow wood and are preferably
formed with a slot, wedge shaped, and the other with a tenon of similar
shape fitting the one into the other as shown. They are in two instead of a
solid piece, in order that they may be got inside the roller and
are thus
united so that they can each assist the other in not turning under the friction of the
roller. R is the ordinary brake handle pivoted 'at r to the handle bar. Through the
end of this, passes the stem G a small washer p on an offset of the same acting as an
abutment. By pressing upwards on the free end of lever R' the brake is pressed into
position. S is the bearing for spindle G'and' T' a spring compressed between this
bearing and the handwheel U¹. Hand-wheel U₁ is used to regulate the length of the
combined spindle F & G by screwing it round in the cap H. This wheel can be used
if desired to put on the brake so that in going down a very long hill the hand need
not be held to the handle. At other times the handle R is used to put the brake on
and off. Instead of this handle and stem a pneumatic or other device can be used
for pressing the bracket I and its appurtenances downwards so as to put on the brake.
AI
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that I am
well aware that it has long been known to use a roller running on an 'axle as a brake
and the axle presses the roller down against the wheel, and I make no clain for this,
idea; the axle has I believe invariably been fixed in the roller so that it'shall' not 'turn
in the roller, but the roller and axle turn in the axle bearings, but that what I
claim is ;-
71.1
1. A. roller brake having two friction surfaces the external one bearing on the
wheel and the internal one bearing on the brake or brakes proper the whole being
pressed down by mechanism pressing the brake downward toward the wheel
substantially as described.
2. The combination of an axle roller A and a stationary brake block or blocks E
therein held down by a braking device having strong frictional contact with the brake
blocks substantially as described.
3. The general arrangement, and construction of brakes for pneumatic, india-rubber
or like tyred vehicles substantially as herein described and illustrated.
101
1007
ted the 18th day of October 1807.
WM P THOMPSON & Co
Of 6 Lord Street, Liverpool, Patent Agents for the Applicant..

page_text: Date of Application, 19th Jan., 1897
Complete Specification Left, 19th Oct., 1897-Accepted, 11th Dec.,
1897
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
"Improvements in Brakes for Pneumatic India Rubber or like Tyred
Vehicles."
I, PIETER VAN GELDER of Bankroyd Sowerby Bridge in the County of York,
Milling Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows;-
This invention has for its object improvements in brakes for pneumatic, india-
rubber, or like tyred vehicles. These consist essentially in forming the roller with
two diameters, one diameter, the friction surface, bearing against the wheel, the
other, the friction surface on the brake itself. The brake surface is of smaller
diameter than the friction surface. Where the brake surface and the friction
surface are of the same diameter and alongside each other it is found that the
dirt very rapidly wears away the braking surface and brake, but where the brake
surface is separated from the friction surface either by being made of different
diameter or by being separated by an interval the dirt does not get into the braking
surface. The brake itself preferably consists of a steel plate or blade and I prefer
to have a braking surface on each side of the roller. In my experimental brake
the friction surface is one and a half inches in width and three inches in diameter,
the two braking surfaces are about two inches in diameter and half an inch in
breadth and the whole roller is made of willow wood. The stem ends in a bracket
which has a stay bearing against the handle pillar and this bracket is preferably
set screwed to the stem. A shield or roof is screwed to this bracket, which shield
or roof has side brackets carrying the brakes and also slotted ears in which the
axle of the roller works. On this axle two links are also pivoted connected by
clips with the fork.
The brake may be applied to either wheel or wheels and may be put in operation
or action by means of a lever or levers or by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure.
Dated this 18th day of January 1897.
Of 6 Lord Street, Liverpool, Patent Agents for the applicant.
66
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
'Improvements in Brakes for Pneumatic India Rubber or like Tyred
Vehicles."
I, PIETER VAN GELDER of Bankroyd, Sowerby Bridge, in the County of York,
Milling Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
Price 8d1
66
Improvements in Brakes for Pneumatic India Rubber or like Tyred
Vehicles."
I, PIETER VAN GELDER of Bankroyd, Sowerby Bridge, in the County of York,
Milling Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
[Price 8d1

page_text: manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:
This invention has for its object improvements in roller brakes for pneumatic,
india-rubber or like tyred vehicles. Roller brakes hitherto have proved a failure
for two reasons. First either they run too freely on the wheel and thus do not
produce sufficient braking power or they choke and will not run at all and con-
sequently tear the tyre. This is owing to there being only a single rubbing
surface. In order to avoid this evil I tried a roller in which there was a braking
surface braking on the roller while the roller braked on the wheel, but I soon found
that the brake taking up dirt from the wheel very quickly wore out the brake and
also the surface of the roller. Further I found that by using the same surface both
for the brake and for the wheel it sometimes happened that the ratio of friction
between the roller and the wheel and the brake and the roller was reversed in which
case nearly the whole of the wear came upon the soft tyre which was very quickly
worn out. Now my invention is designed to form a roller brake in which one sur-
face shall brake on the wheel and another surface shall come in contact with
the brake and the surface which comes in contact with the brake shall have less
friction against the brake than the other surface has against the wheel, consequently
when the brake is applied the roller will roll freely on the wheel, but the actual slip
⚫ will be between the other surface and the brake. When however the brake
surface and the friction surface are of the same diameter and alongside each other
it is found that the dirt very rapidly spreads from the one surface to the other and
consequently that both the secondary braking surface and the brake are very
rapidly worn away but where this secondary brake surface is separated from the
friction surface bearing against the wheel either by being made of different
diameter or by being separated by an interval the dirt from the friction surface
as I call the surface working on the wheel does not get into the braking surface,
namely, the surface on which the brake is applied. In order however that my
invention may be better understood I append the accompanying drawings, in
which,
Fig 1 is a general elevation of the steering pillar, a surface of the wheel and the
'braking device,
Fig 2 a similar view of parts of these partly in section.
Fig 3 a plan, and
Fig 4 a section of the brake proper.
In these A is a roller having a central friction surface B preferably covered with
india rubber and two side or brake surfaces C. These side surfaces C could be
keyed on a central tube W independently of the roller A, but in practice I find
there is no advantage in this unless the surfaces B & C are made nearly of the same
diameter. DD are the brakes made of any usual braking material such as wood,
leather, metal, or the like. I prefer them made of iron. E is a bracket made of
iron, steel or kronand metal or other malleable tough metal carrying the axle F in
bearings in the same. The lugs of this bracket hold the roller A loosely between
them and are kept together by the check-nuts and head bolt F1 The hole through
which the axle passes in these brackets has purposely a very large amount of play
especially in the vertical direction G is a bracket of cast iron and H a shield.
These and the bracket E are united' together by screws 1. J is the stem for putting
on the brake to which this bracket is attached by a set screw.
J is a support
bearing against the pillar and surrounded by a spring in slight compression which
support can if desirable be formed in one with the set screw. K is a junction screwed
on the end of stem J and into this junction stem L is screwed. N is the bearing
of stem L and a spring in compression between this and the hand-wheel P.
R, shown best in Figs 1 and 3 are two links, and S two clips attached to the forks,
the two pivoted together loosely by a little rivetted bolt T. The links R act as radius
rod to keep the brake plumb with the wheel. The mode of action is as follows;
When the rider wishes to put on the brake he screws down the hand-wheel P.
This presses the brake D against the roller C and in turn presses the roller A

page_text: against the wheel, the holes for the axle in the lugs E allowing free liberty for this
motion. Any other mechanism such as a lever pressing down stem L or even a
pneumatic or hydraulic device pressing the bracket G downwards can be used
instead of the stem mechanism herein shown. The combined wheel A & C now
revolves owing to there being greater friction between it and the india-rubber tyre
than between the preferably metal brakes and the rollers C, consequently practi-
cally the whole of the wear takes place between the brakes and the roller C and as
these two surfaces are both clean this wear is very slight. Owing too to the slightly
curved form of roller A the dirt left on it by the wheel is thrown off, but never
falls on brake C which always remains clean. If at any time the handle bar be
lengthened the brake stem can be adjusted at K. In thus describing the best
form of my apparatus, I do not bind myself to the exact arrangements. The roller A
is of woed, but can be of any other material. For instance the rollers A & C
could be made of metal. The brakes also could be of metall, wood or other material
the sole point being that there shall be much more resistance of friction between
the circumference of A and the wheel than between the circumnference of C and
the brake. For this reason too the brake is preferably made smaller than the
surface D. The shield H is preferably made of Kronand metal.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim
is;-
1. The improvement in roller brakes for pneumatic india-rubber and like tyred
vehicles which consists in forming them with two revolving surfaces of different
diameters rigidly connected with each other the one surface braking against the
wheel and the other surface having a brake or brakes and so arranged that the
friction between the brake and its surface shall be less than the friction between
the roller and the wheel.
2. The improvement in roller brakes for the purposes described which consists
in forming two roller surfaces alongside each other, one working against the wheel
and the other preferably of smaller diameter acted upon by a brake they being so
arranged either by difference of diameter or by being separated by a space or other-
wise that the dirt from the surface acting on the wheel shall not spread to the
surface acted on by the brake substantially as and for the purposes described.
4. The general arrangement of braking apparatus substantially as herein
described and illustrated.
Dated the 18th day of Octabor 1807
WM. P. THOMPSON & Co.
Of 6 Lord Street, Liverpool, Patent Agents for the Applicant.