IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR FORMING THE TEETH OF OF BEVEL WHEELS
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Peter Murray, of Victoria Cottage, Dundee, for the
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR FORMING THE TEETH OF
OF BEVEL WHEELS."
Sealed the 29th January 1867, and dated the 3rd August 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Peter Murray at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
August 1866.
I, PETER MURRAY, of Victoria Cottage, Dundee, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR FORMING
THE TEETH OF BEVEL WHEELS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of a peculiar arrangement and construction of
machinery or apparatus for cutting the teeth of bevel wheels and also the
patterns for such wheels, and is as follows:-The wheel to be operated on is
fastened on to the chuck of an ordinary turning lathe or wheel cutting machine
so as to turn on its axis. The said apparatus is fastened close to its periphery
and consists of a circular revolving cutter made to the transverse form of the

page_text: tooth required to be produced (at its largest part or that point of the tooth at
the extreme diameter of the wheel), and attached to a horizontal spindle
carried in bearings fixed to a moveable circular slide (this slide forms a
segment of a circle), having its centre in that point of the cutter which
coincides with the pitch line of the teeth of the wheel. Underneath and
concentric with the moveable part of the circular slide is fixed a toothed
segment gearing into a corresponding segment, moving on a stud fixed into
the bed of the circular slide, and having a projecting arm which is guided by
an adjustable fixed oscillating socket, which is adjusted on the arm of the
segment nearer to or farther from its centre according to the breadth and
angle of the teeth of the wheel to be cut. The circular slide carrying spindle
and cutter and toothed segment above described surmounts and travels along
the bed of a straight slide, which is set parallel to the plane of the tooth to be
cut. The circular cutter, which is set to coincide with the axis of the wheel,
and which is made smaller in diameter than the space between two adjacent
teeth, so as to operate only on one side of a tooth at one time, is brought into
contact and caused to pass across the breadth of the teeth actuated by the
straight slide, which is worked by a self-acting feed apparatus when cutting
iron, the proper varying form of the tooth being obtained by gradually angling
the cutter as it advances over the breadth of the tooth turning on the pitch-
line as a centre, this being effected by the action of the tootbed segment in
turning the circular slide simultaneously with the movement of the straight
slide, the arm of stud toothed segment being held a fixture by the oscillating
socket. The angling of the cutter is also advantageous in the cutting of spur
wheels, as by giving the cutter more or less of an angle, fixing the circular
slide, and disconnecting the toothed segment, one cutter may suit a variety of
wheels of different pitch, and thereby lessen the number of cutters otherwise
necessary.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Peter Murray in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
1st February, 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, PETER
MURRAY, of Victoria Cottage, Dundee, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Third day of August, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the thirtieth year of Her reign,

page_text: any
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Peter Murray, Her special licence that I, the said Peter Murray, my
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Peter
Murray, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS. IN
MACHINERY FOR FORMING THE TEETH OF BEVEL WHEELS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Peter Murray, my executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Peter Murray, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same. is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:-
My Invention consists of a peculiar arrangement and construction of
machinery or apparatus for cutting the teeth of bevel wheels and also the
patterns for such wheels, and is as follows:-The wheel to be operated on
is fastened on to the chuck of an ordinary turning lathe or wheel cutting
machine, so as to turn on its axis. The said apparatus is fastened close to its
periphery and consists of a circular revolving cutter made to the transverse
form of the tooth required to be produced (at its largest part or that point
of the tooth at the extreme diameter of the wheel), and attached to a hori
zontal spindle carried in bearings fixed to a moveable circular slide (this slide
forms a segment of a circle), having its centre in that point of the cutter
which coincides with the pitch line of the teeth of the wheel. Underneath and
concentric with the moveable part of circular slide is fixed a toothed segment
gearing into a corresponding segment moving on a stud fixed into the bed of
the circular slide, and having a projecting arm which is guided by an adjust-
able fixed oscillating socket, which is adjusted on the arm of the segment
nearer to or farther from its centre; according to the breadth and angle of the
teeth of the wheel to be cut. The circular slide carrying spindle and cutter
and toothed segment above described surmounts and travels along the bed of
a straight slide which is set parallel to the plane of the tooth to be cut. The
circular cutter which is set to coincide with the axis of the wheel, and which

page_text: is made smaller in diameter than the space between two adjacent teeth, so as
to operate only on one side of a tooth at one time, is brought into contact and
caused to pass across the breadth of the teeth actuated by the straight slide,
which is worked by a self-acting feed apparatus when cutting iron, the proper
varying form of the tooth being obtained by gradually angling the cutter as it
advances over the breadth of the tooth turning on the pitch line as a centre,
this being effected by the action of the toothed segment in turning the circular
slide simultaneously with the movement of the straight slide, the arm of stud
toothed segment being held a fixture by the oscillating socket. The angling
of the cutter is also advantageous in the cutting of spur wheels, as by giving
the cutter more or less of an angle, fixing the circular slide, and disconnecting
the toothed segment, one cutter may suit a variety of wheels of different pitch,
and thereby lessen the number of cutters otherwise necessary.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is a front elevation, Figure 2 is a plan of the same, Figure 3 is
an end elevation and section, and Figure 4 is a plan in section showing the
toothed segments which actuate the circular slide.
On Figure 3, A is part of a wheel shown in position as in process of being
operated on; B is the circular cutter which is fixed into the chuck end of the
spindle C, rotated by the pulley shaft D through the spur pinion and wheel
E, F, Figure 2. The shaft D is driven by a vertical belt on the fast and loose
pulleys G, G. H is the headstock carrying the spindle C and shaft D; it is
fastened by slot bolts L, L, L, on the vertical part of the circular slide J, and
is adjustable vertically by the screw J working into the nut K, this nut being
attached to the headstock by a projecting stud or pin, on which the headstock
has also an oscillating movement for the purpose of angling the spindle more
or less so as to adjust the cutter to coincide with the required lines on the
tooth to be formed, and by this means one cutter may be made to shape the
teeth of a number of wheels nearly of a size. M is a spur toothed segment
fastened on to and concentric with the circular slide I, which gears into and is
actuated by its corresponding toothed segment N, moved by its arm O, guided
by the fixed oscillating socket P, turning on the stud Q as a centre which is
fixed into the bed R of the circular slide I. S is a stud carrying the
oscillating socket P fixed into and adjustable in the slot of the arm bracket T
which is fixed to and adjustable longitudinally on the bed V of the straight
slide W. The straight slide W carries the circular slide, headstock, spindle,
and pulley shaft, and is adjustable transversely by the slotted bolts X, X, X,
X, X, X, Figure 2, for the setting of the cutter. The straight slide is worked

page_text: by a screw in the ordinary manner, to which is attached a uniform feed
apparatus which is as follows:-
On Figures 1 and 2, a is a driving band actuated by the grooved pulley b·
fixed to the shaft c working in a socket d; on the lower end of the shaft c
is the bevel pinion e gearing into the wheel f, on to and driven by the pulley
shaft D; g is an upright shaft running into the socket h, which is fastened on
to the bed of the straight slide, and is driven by the band a on the grooved
pulley i. On the lower end of the shaft 9 is attached the worm j gearing
into the worm wheel k, which is fastened on to and actuates the screw
traversing the straight slide. The bracket m carrying the stenting pulley n
is fixed to any convenient point nearly in line with the bed of the straight
slide, o is a spiral spring fixed to the stud p of the grooved pulley n for
giving a nearly uniform tension to the band a.
The mode of operation is as follows:-The wheel to be operated on being
fastened to the chuck of an ordinary turning lathe or wheel cutting machine
so as to turn on its axis, and the teeth being divided by a system of dividing
wheels or by hand in the ordinary manner, the apparatus is mounted on a
standard Y, and fastened close to the periphery of the wheel A; the headstock H
is then adjusted by the screw J to make the upper side of the cutter B
coincide with the centre of the wheel A, and fastened by the slot bolts L, L, L;
the bed R of the circular slide I is also adjusted on the straight slide W, so
that the point in the cutter B which corresponds to the pitch of the teeth
and which is also in the plane of the centre of the circular slide I is made
to coincide with the pitch circle X', Y', of the wheel A, and fastened by the
slot bolts X, X, X, X, X, X, of the straight slide; a tooth of the wheel A
is then brought into the plane of the upper side of the cutter B, the chuck'
carrying the wheel A is then firmly fixed by a suitable dog or grip to keep
the tooth under operation up to the cutting edge of the cutter. The straight
slide W carrying the circular slide I, the spindle C, and cutter B, which is
set parallel to the plane of the tooth to be cut, is traversed along its bed
actuated by the feed motion as herein-before described, causing the cutter B
to pass along the breadth of the tooth in the plane of the pitch line a¹, a',
Figure 2, and simultaneously with the movement of the straight slide W is
the turning of the circular slide I actuated by the toothed segment N, the
arm of which is guided by the fixed oscillating socket P, giving the spindle C
and cutter B a gradually angling movement. The spindle and cutter shown
in red lines represents their position when having travelled along the breadth
of the tooth. The worm wheel k is then disengaged from the worm ; by the
setting handle q, and the cutter B brought back to its former position by

page_text: turning the screw of the straight slide with handle r; another tooth of the
wheel is then brought into position and the operation repeated as before, and
so on until all the teeth have one of their sides operated on. The cutter B
is then readjusted to operate on the opposite sides of the teeth of the wheel A
in the same manner, excepting that the cutter B is made to traverse from the
smaller end of the tooth toward the extreme diameter of the wheel A, by
reversing the band a on the grooved pulley b. To produce the proper
varying form of the tooth by the angling of the cutter B the arm 0, Figure 4,
of the toothed segment N is adjusted by the bolt at the joint X, so that the
oscillating socket P is placed behind the line of centres towards the extreme
diameter of the wheel A, as shown Figure 2, more or less according to
the breadth and angle of the teeth of the wheel to be cut; by this means
as the straight slide W carrying the circular slide and toothed segment
advances towards the smaller end of the tooth A it increases the distance
between the stud Q and the oscillating socket P, lengthening the radius of
the arm 0, operating through the circular slide. I gives a corresponding
decreasing angular movement to the cutter B as it advances towards the
smaller diameter producing the proper form of the tooth of the wheel A.
In cutting wooden teeth the pulley shaft D and spur wheels E, F, are
unshipped and the spindle C fitted with a small belt pulley and suitable
cutter, as shown in Figure 7, the feed motion disconnected, and the screw L
worked by hand. The machine is also advantageous in cutting the teeth of
spur wheels, as by giving the cutter B more or less angle, disconnecting the
toothed segments, and fixing the circular slide by the set screws, Figure 2,
one cutter may suit a variety of wheels of different pitch, and thereby lessen
the number of cutters otherwise necessary; Figure 5 is an enlarged view of
the cutter B for cutting iron, the teeth of which have a slightly spiral form to
give a more continuous and steady cutting motion; Figure 6 is an enlarged
view of a cutter for cutting wood; Figure 7 is a detached view of the
spindle C fitted with a belt pulley and cutter for cutting wooden teeth.
Having described the nature of the Invention, and the manner in which
the same is to be performed, I would wish it to be understood that I make
no claim to any of the mechanical parts seperately, nor do I confine myself
to the precise details herein described, as the same may be varied without
departing from the peculiar character of my Invention; but what I claim
is,-
First, the combined arrangement of mechanism herein described for
forming the teeth of wheels.
Second, I claim the arranging of a rotating cutter used in forming the

page_text: teeth of wheels as herein described, in such manner that it may have
communicated to it a gradual and varying angular movement so as insure
the correct forming of the teeth of wheels as herein explained.
In witness whereof, I, the said Peter Murray, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of January, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven.
PETER MURRAY. (LS.)