IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR VENTILATING AND SMOKE CONSUMING
Year: 1885

page_text: Consuming.
I JOHN WILLIAM HOLDEN of Ottawa Villa Manley Rd Withington near
Manchester in the county of Lancaster Gentleman do hereby declare the nature of
my invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR VENTILATING AND SMOKE
CONSUMING to be as follows:-
To ventilate rooms in works & warehouses where steam power is used, with-
drawing all noxious matter therefrom also destroying smoke in furnaces by means
of draught pipes fixed in any room requiring ventilating & conveyed thence to the
front of the furnace doors of the boiler where I carry the same through the top of
the door frames & discharge above the fires; to accomplish which I produce an
injection of steam by means of a small pipe inserted for a few inches into the larger
draught pipe where it enters the fire place, this causing a vacuum which draws the
air in large volumes & sends the same to feed the fire, burning the smoke &
assisting the draught. Where ventilation is not an object this apparatus can be
used for smoke consuming only..

page_text: аша ошоке
Consuming.
I JOHN WILLIAM HOLDEN of Ottawa Villa, Manley Road, Withington near
Manchester, Lancashire do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:—
To ventilate rooms in works and ware-houses where steam power is used with-
drawing all noxious matter therefrom also destroying sinoke in Furnaces by means
of draught-pipes. fixed in any room requiring ventilating and conveyed thence to
the front of the furnace door of the boiler, where I carry the same through the top
of the door frame and discharge above the fire. To accomplish which I produce an
injection of steam by means of a smaller pipe inserted for a few inches into the
larger draught pipe where it enters the fire-place thus causing a vacuum which
draws the air in large volumes and sends the same to feed the fire, burning the
smoke, and assisting the draught.
Where ventilation is not an object this apparatus can be used for smoke-con-
suming only.
My invention is intended to afford a valuable means of ventilating card sizing
and Gassing rooms in Mills, glazing and grinding rooms in Works, also in Engine
and Boiler-houses, or any room in ware-houses, hotels or works, where excessive
heat, effluvia, dust or deleterious matters are prevalent and where steam power is
available. Also by the same means and apparatus to produce perfect combustion
in the furnaces of the boilers in which the steam is generated utterly annihilating
all smoke therein and preventing the same issuing from the chimneys of such
turnaces generating steam in large excess indeed nearly doubling the evaporative
power of the boilers, and with all these advantages consuming very considerably
less coal than heretofore.
My method of ventilating by fixing the usual draught pipes, wherever their
use is required and connecting the same with my improved apparatus.
Concerning the means of consuming smoke and generating steam in large excess
G
as, aforesaid, I have discovered that to accomplish this I have to introduce several
novelties in the mode of applying air and steam, as distinguished from any other
previous method of employing air and steam for the purpose either above or below
the fire, or at the sides of the fire, or at the back of the bridge.
And in order that this my said invention may be the more readily understood
and carried into practical effect I have hereunto annexed a sheet of drawings
illustrative of my improvements as applied to steam boiler furnaces and will now
proceed to describe the same with the assistance of the various Figures and letters
of reference marked thereon.
Fig. 1 is a front view and Fig. 2 a side sectional view of a double flued boiler
with my improvements applied thereto-but it must be understood that the same
are equally applicable to single flued and all other descriptions of steam boilers.
Fig. 3 is a side sectional view upon an enlarged scale of the bend or elbow
forming the termination of my improved air-draught or ventilating pipe and con-
taining my improved steam jet and surrounding tue-iron or ejector-tube.

page_text: This bend or elbow marked A is secured to the furnace door frame B immediately
above the fire-door C—the tue-iron or ejector pipe D extending into the furnace E
immediately below its crown as seen more clearly in Fig. 2. Inside this elbow or
bend A is secured the steam-jet G the outlet of which is continued forwards say a
sixteenth of an inch into the tue-iron or ejector pipe D whilst its rear extremity is
connected to the steam supply pipe H controlled by the stop-valve I.
To this bend or elbow A is also connected one extremity of the air-draught or
ventilating pipe J. which is of large diameter as illustrated and the inlet end or
other extremity of which pipe J is located at the place or apartinent requiring
ventilation.
The action of this apparatus may be described as follows:-Steam being turned
on to the steam jet G and issuing at great velocity at its outlet into the tue-iron or
ejector pipe D a vacuum is first produced therein and then in the bend or elbow A-
this vacuum induces a current of air to enter through the air-draught or ventilating
pipe J which rapidly increases in velocity and continues to such an extent that the
whole capacity of the enlarged pipe K is soon required to supply the demand and
thus affording a means of withdrawing the vitiated atmosphere from any place in
communication with the inlet end of such ventilating pipe. This current of air
commingling with the steam jet in the tue-iron or ejector pipe D and issuing at the
mouth of the latter into the furnace serves by admitting an increased supply of
oxygen and by the decomposition of the steam to promote the perfect combustion
of the unconsumed gases therein, to economising fuel, utterly consuming all smoke
and producing a glow of intense heat hitherto unattainable in a steam boiler furnace.
I find in practise that to produce the very large power of suction in my
ventilating or draught pipes which is needful to be really effective in producing
large ventilating power and equally increased outflow of atmospheric air admitted.
with intense velocity above the furnace fire and which is rigidly required for the
proper admixture of the air and steam with the gases arising from the burning fuel,
in order that the smoke may be utterly consumed and the fire show that perfect
combustion which is required to nearly double the evaporative power of the boiler
which are the objects aimed at, that I can only do this by using proportionate
sizes in my appliance as hereinafter described and particularly and most essentially
by a certain novel adjustment of the working parts of the same, where the steam
and air meet and are combined Without this adjustment my method is practically
non-effective and useless so far as real working efficiency and practical results go
but given this attention to proportionate size and novel adjustment of parts
combined with the alterations herein after described in the existing appliances of
the boiler before I attach my apparatus and results hitherto not attained will
certainly be produced.
The novelty of adjustment and proportionate size of parts named above, parti-
cularly applies to that part of my appliance where the injection of steam by means
of a smaller pipe enters into the larger air-draught pipe for a few inches as if this
is not most carefully attended to, the results will as above stated be nearly
Dullified.
To more explicitly impart my meaning I may here state that that part of my
draught pipe which enters the top of the furnace doors and where it necessarily
takes the form and shape of a bend or elbow must on reaching the furnace-door
frame through which it passes to get into the furnace have a circular tue-iron or
tube attached to it, to extend over the fire, which tue-iron or ejector tube must not
be less in any case than six inches in length or the necessary force of vacuum
cannot be formed, nor more than fifteen inches or the velocity of air injected is
very considerably weakened, and that my air-draught pipe whether its diameter
be larger or smaller-and in all cases its diameter should be three times as large as
the tue-iron or ejector pipe, must at this bend be at complete right angles with
the tue-iron or ejector pipe above-named as the further it is from the right-angle
and the easier the sweep before reaching the furnace door plate, the less power will
the steam jet have in drawing air through the draught pipe in sufficient volume.

page_text: .
The adjustment of the smaller steam pipe within this larger air draught pipe is
again a most essential part of the novelty in the adjustment I claim-as the length
of this smaller steam pipe within the larger air draught pipe must to produce the
best results in my judgment be exactly the number of inches which will cross the
draught pipe with the sixteenth of an inch added, so that it has the air in such
draught pipe just behind the flow of steam the vacuum being formed in the
tue-iron or ejector pipe before described any serious deviation from this rule either
in allowing the steam jet to terminate in the draught pipe itself or projecting too
far into the iron tue or ejector pipe being fatal to the obtaining the full volume of
atmosphoric air required.
The diameter of the smaller steam pipe should be regulated by the size of the
iron tue or ejector pipe. This ejector pipe should not under any circumstances be
more than three inches in diameter or a perfect vacuum will not be formed by the
steam jet-and for this size of ejector pipe the steam pipe should be a full quarter
of an inch in diameter when diminished from the outside steam pipe connected
with the boiler-which outside steam pipe should be not less than three quarters of
an inch to give full body and force of steam to the jet. For a two inch or inch
and a half tue or ejector pipe (than which none should be less to be effective) the
interior jet can be reduced at its point of egress to the eighth of an inch.
I further find that it is essential for the total annihilation of smoke and to
produce the best effect on the fire that my tue or ejector pipe must not be placed
too near the surface of the burning fuel in the furnace-but on the contrary must
be kept as far from it and as near the crown of the boiler as possible-or smoke
will be produced. A space of one inch between such tue or ejector pipe and the
crown of the boiler-so that the combined injection of steam and air does not
impinge on the boiler plates being all that is requisite to prevent any harm being
done to the boiler.
I also find that to aid and assist my ejector tue or pipe in increasing the
evaporative power of the boiler by retaining the intense heat developed by the
blast of air and steam, it is necessary to raise the height of the bridge at the back
of the fire, so that no larger space than nine inches be allowed between the brick-
work of such bridge and any part of the crown of the boiler.
To again increase the evaporative power of my appliance I find it most advan-
tageous to diminish the area usually allowed for the admission of cold air below
the fire-bars and this is best accomplished by dropping these bars bodily say three
inches below their usual level-thus giving a much larger capacity of combustion
chamber and at the same time preventing the excessive supply of cold air below
the bars the large volume of air I inject above the fire serving all the purposes
needful to produce perfect combustion.
In all cases the dampers attached to the flues of the furnace must not as usual
be opened to their full capacity but on the contrary must be almost closed to retain
the heat produced and retard its too early escape up the chimney-the very large
power of my blast being amply sufficient to create a splendid draught even when
it would be otherwise choked and non-effective.
The whole object of my appliance being to produce heat with the least amount
of coal and to utilize this heat to the utmost possible extent both by retaining it
in the combustion chamber and in the flues of the boiler and preventing the
admission of any surplus or injurious streams of cold air; though I am unable to
detect much difference in effect in the production of steam whether I obtain
heated air through my draught pipes or cold air from immediately outside, the-
boiler house the heating power of the admixture of steam with the air in the tue
or ejector pipe and its immediate conversion with the gases arising from the
burning fuel into brilliant flame rendering the cold air as effective as heated air
from the hottest rooms in which I have fixed my draught pipes.
These draught pipes I may in conclusion say, can be carried a very considerable
distance from the boiler furnace without destroying the efficiency or diminishing

page_text: the volume of air drawn through them by the powerful vacuum produced by my
steam jet.
It is obvious that where ventilation is not required this apparatus can be used
for smoke-consuming and fuel economising only.
Having thus particularly described and ascertained the nature of this my said
invention together with the best methods with which I am acquainted for carrying
the same into practical effect I wish it to be distinctly understood that I make no
claim broadly to the admission of a blast of air and steam to steam boiler furnaces
for promoting combustion or economising fuel therein as I am aware that they
have hitherto been more or less used for such purposes, but what I claim is
1st The improvements in apparatus for ventilating and smoke consuming sub-
stantially as hereinbefore described.
2nd The special construction and arrangement of bend or elbow in combination
with a tue iron or ejector pipe and steam jet mounted and operating substantially
as and for the purposes hereinbefore described and illustrated on the accompanying
drawing.
3rd The special application to steam boiler furnaces of a tue-iron or ejector pipe
fitted with an internal steam jet of the relative sizes and proportions substantially
as hereinbefore described.
4th Mounting the steam jet in the precise position indicated in my improved
apparatus and whereby the best results can alone be obtained substantially as and
for the purposes hereinbefore described.
JOHN WILLIAM HOLDEN.