VARIOUS IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FRAMING, COMBINING, AND ORGANIZING THE PARTS AND MECHANISM OF STEAM ENGINES, SO AS TO RENDER THEM MORE COMMODIOUS AND PORTABLE, AND ALSO IN THE MODE OF REGULATING THEIR VELOCITIES, AND IN LESSENING THE WASTE OF POWER
Year: 1801

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDMUND
CARTWRIGHT, of the Parish of Saint Marylebone, in the County of Middlesex,
Clerk, Master of Arts, do send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third, by His
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Fifth day of February, in the
forty-first year of His reign, did give and grant unto me, the said Edmund
Cartwright, my executors, administrators, and assigns, His special licence that
I, the said Edmund Cartwright, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within that part of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland called England, Wales; and the Town of Berwick-upon-
Tweed, my Invention of "VARIOUS IMPROVEMENTS IN THE FRAMING, COMBINING,
AND ORGANIZING THE PARTS AND MECHANISM OF STEAM ENGINES, SO AS TO RENDER
THEM MORE COMMODIOUS AND PORTABLE, AND ALSO IN THE MODE OF REGULATING THEIR
VELOCITIES, AND IN LESSENING THE WASTE OF POWER;" in which Letters Patent
there is contained a proviso obliging me, the said Edmund Cartwright, under
my hand and seal; to cause a particular description of the nature of said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in"
His Majesty's High Court of Chancery within one calendar month next and
immediately after the date of the said recited Letters Patent, as in and by the
same, relation being thereunto had, may more fully and at large appear.
my
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Edmund Cartwright, do hereby declare that my said Invention consists,―
First, in so disposing the different parts of the steam engine as that the boiler,
the cylinder, the fly wheel, and all the moving parts of the engine shall be embraced'

page_text: by, comprehended within, or attached to, a frame erected upon the boiler, and
so connected together as to make one whole or perfect machine, so compact as
to be easily portable, and requiring no farther trouble and expence after it is
finished at the manufactory than to place it upon its fire, when it will be im-
mediately ready for the office for which it is intended. For this purpose it will
be most convenient to make the boiler oblong and straight sided, with a flat
top. I place the cylinder within the boiler, a position which has indeed been
already adopted by others, though for a different purpose. The frame extends
lengthways on the sides of the boiler, and may project a little beyond that end
of the boiler where I fix the air pump and condenser. To the part of the
frame so projecting the air pump and condenser may be attached or suspended.
Across the frame is an axis, with a pulley upon it, round which goes a chain or
strap to the top of the piston rod. Upon this axis is a crank, from which goes
a connecting rod to a lever lying horizontally on the top of or alongside the
boiler. Besides the axis above mentioned, there is another axis lying across,
either immediately above or below, or on one side of the former one. Upon
this axis, which is the axis of the fly wheel, is a crank, from which goes a
connecting rod to the same lever that was spoken of before. Now, it is evi-
dent that when the pulley is put in motion by the action of the piston, the crank
upon its axis will move the crank upon the axis of the fly wheel, as they are
both connected to the same lever. If, therefore, the pulley is made to move
in a direction from A to (see Figure 1), and back again by the action of the
piston and its counterweight, and if the crank upon its axis moves in the saine
direction, likewise the crank upon the axis of the fly wheel will also do the
same, unless it is made, as it must be, of such a determinate length as that,
when it reaches the extremity of its motion, it can pass forwards; in that casc
a rotary motion is produced of the fly wheel. Again, if the crank upon the
axis of the pulley is so disposed as that when the pulley moves from A to B, or
through any space not exceeding a complete revolution (see Figure 2), the crank
shall pass from C to E, through D, or in that direction, according to the space
-through which-any given point-of- the-pulley passes; the crank will give two
vibrations to the lever for one stroke of the engine, which will give two revo-
lutions of the fly wheel in the same time. Again, if the diameter of the pulley
be so reduced as that the stroke of the engine shall make the pulley revolve
once and a half round and back again, the crank will occasion the lever to
vibrate three times for every stroke of the engine. Again, if the diameter of
the pulley be so reduced as that it shall make two complete revolutions and
back again for one stroke of the engine, in that case the crank will give four
vibrations to the lever for one stroke of the engine, and the fly wheel will

page_text: revolve four times. By this Invention the fly wheel may be made to run
with any requisite velocity, without the intervention of any kind of wheel
work.
Secondly, for the purpose of lessening the waste of power and regulating
the velocity of the engine, instead of making the governor act upon the throtle
valve, I make it act immediately upon the steam valve, by causing it to give
motion to a wedge sliding at liberty backwards and forwards under the weight
which keeps the steam valve open. If in any particular case it should be
thought convenient to have the fly wheel below, its axis must be placed under-
neath the lever, connecting it to the lever by a rod as before.
Thirdly, when I want to obtain a reciprocating motion horizontally, I extend
the connecting rod of either crank as far below the lever as may be necessary,
and at the bottom that which is wanted to have a reciprocating motion hangs
to it in a joint (see Figure 3). The air pump, as well as any other pump
that may be wanted, is worked by a lever, which receives action from a pulley
on the axis, put in motion by the piston, and to such lever is applied the neces-
sary counterweight. If the engine is a double one, there must be a double
chain, or strap, round the pulley, so that the piston may act upon the pulley
both in its descent and ascent, or the action may be given to the axis of the
crank by a rack and pinion.
Figure 4, a side view of the engine as specified above. A, the cylinder;
B, the boiler; C, pulley put in motion by the piston and its counterweight;
D, the crank upon the axis of the pulley; E, the connecting rod; F, the
lever; G, the fly wheel; H, the crank upon its axis; I, rod connecting it to
the lever F.
Figure 5, an end view.
Note. The air pump, condenser, valves, and working gear, &c., are
omitted, as not necessary to explain the nature of my improvements.
EDMUND CARTWRIGHT. (L.S.)
Sealed and delivered in the presence of
JOHN WYATT,
WALTER HY WYATT,
Repertory Office, Fleet Street.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Third day of March, in the
year above mentioned, the aforesaid Edmund Cartwright came before our
Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification aforesaid,
and all and every thing therein contained, in form above written... And also
the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor. of the Statute
in that case.made and provided.