IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY TILLING THE SOIL, AND IN ENGINES AND BOLLERS FOR DRIVING THE SAME AND OTHER AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS."
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Threlfall Carter, of Sydenham, in the County
FOR
of Kent, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
TILLING THE SOIL, AND IN ENGINES AND BOLLERS FOR DRIVING THE SAME
AND OTHER AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Threlfall Carter
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th January 1860.
1, JOSEPH THRELFALL CARTER, of Sydenham, in the County of Kent, Engi-
neer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR TILLING THE SOIL, AND IN ENGINES AND BOILERS FOR DRIVING THE
SAME, AND OTHER AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS," to be as follows:-
Upon a-frame provided at foot with a guide wheel or wheels, and near the
back thereof with two broad supporting wheels, I mount an engine or
pair of engines and a boiler, as hereafter described. The propelling power is
imparted from the engine through a spindle and worm, which worm gears into
a worm wheel on the same axis as the supporting wheels. The implements for
tilling are fixed to the outer ends of spindles which project from the back of
the frame, and to which rotary motion is communicated from the engine. The
implements consist of twisted shares or blades. inclined and curved similarly to
the turnfurrow of ordinary ploughs. These shares are set to work into and
[Price Sd.].

page_text: between the edges of the shares next beside them. The outer ends of the
spindles are free to rise and fall within certain limits in order that the shares
may be made to penetrate more or less deeply into the soil. Between every
pair of shares a small portion of the soil may be undisturbed, and to cut it up
I either impart lateral as well as rotary motion to the share spindle, or I fix
from or connect to the rear part of the frame cutters which enter and turn
over the soil, which would not be acted upon by the shares. In some cases I
prolong the spindles and attach forks thereon, which will cleanse the land from
couch, twitch, and other like weeds. I collect such weeds by a rake which I
apply at the back of the machine. If desired, after the soil has been broken
up, a harrow and roller may be hooked on or otherwise attached to the machine,
when all the needful tilling may be effected at one operation, if thought
necessary.
My improvements in engines and boilers consist in new arrangements of the
parts whereby they are rendered particularly applicable to driving implements,
such as herein-before described, and other agricultural implements. I take
an ordinary cylindrical boiler and fix the steam engine cylinder or cylinders in
the centre thereof. I employ two furnaces, one at each end, and carry the
flues to and fro through the boiler into a chimney passing through the steam
chest, whereby the steam therein will be more or less superheated. I fit in
the space left between the two furnaces a fan blower and a water cistern. I
pass the waste steam through an outer casing to the blower wherein it becomes
more or less condensed and is returned to the cistern. My engine and boiler
may be removed from the machine frame, and being mounted upon wheels may
be readily moved to perform any duty required.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Joseph Threlfall Carter, in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 24th July 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
THRELFALL CARTER, of Sydenham, in the County of Kent, Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-third year of Her reign,
did, for Herself. Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Joseph Threlfall Carter, Her special licence that I, the said Joseph Threlfall

page_text: Carter, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Joseph Threlfall Carter, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY FOR TILLING THE SOIL, AND IN ENGINES AND BOILERS FOR
DRIVING THE SAME, AND OTHER AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Joseph Threlfall Carter, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Threlfall Carter, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed,
that is to say:-
Upon a frame provided at front with a guide wheel or wheels and near the
back thereof with two or more broad supporting wheels I mount an engine or
pair of engines and a boiler, as hereafter described. The propelling power is
imparted from the engine through a spindle and worm, which worm gears into
a worm wheel on the same axis as the supporting wheels. The implements for
tilling are fixed to the outer ends of spindles which project from the back of
the frame, and to which rotary motion is communicated from the engine; the
implements consist of twisted shares or blades inclined and curved similarly to
the turnfurrow of ordinary ploughs. These shares are set to work into and
between the edges of the shares next beside them. The outer ends of the
spindles are free to rise and fall within certain limits, in order that the shares
may be made to penetrate more or less deeply into the soil. Between every
pair of shares a small portion of the soil may be undisturbed, and to cut it up
I either impart lateral as well as rotary motion to the share spindles, or I fix
from or connect to the rear part of the frame cutters which enter and turn
over the soil, which would not be acted upon by the shares. In some cases I
prolong the spindles and attach forks thereon, which will cleanse the land from
couch, twitch, and other like weeds. I collect such weeds by a rake which I
apply at the back of the machine. If desired, after the soil has been broken

page_text: up, a harrow and roller may be hooked on or otherwise attached to the machine,
when all the needful tilling may be effected at one operation, if thought
necessary.
My improvements in engines and boilers consist in new arrangements of the
parts, whereby they are rendered particularly applicable to driving implements,
such as herein-before described, and other agricultural implements. I take
an ordinary cylindrical boiler and fix the steam engine cylinder or cylinders in
the centre thereof. I employ two furnaces, one at each end, and carry the
flues to and fro through the boiler into a chimney passing through the steam
chest, whereby the steam therein will be more or less superheated. I fit in
the space left between the two furnaces a fan blower and a water cistern. I
pass the waste steam through an outer casing to the blower wherein it becomes
more or less condensed and is returned to the cistern. My engine and boiler
may be removed from the machine frame, and being mounted upon wheels may
be readily moved to perform any duty required.
Figure 1, Sheet 1, of the accompanying Drawings is a plan, Figure 2 a
longitudinal section, and Figure 3 an end view of a machine for tilting the
soil constructed according to the first part of my Invention. A is the frame
of the machine; B is an engine (by preference of the construction hereafter
more particularly described), but any ordinary form of engine can be used.
The engine is mounted on wheels C, C, C, C, in order that when the tilling
machine is not in use it can be wheeled away and used for other farming
operations. D is a guide wheel at the fore part of the machine supported by
a movable frame E connected to the main. frame A; this frame E and guide
wheel D are operated on by a hand wheel G, by which means the machine is
guided during its motion across the field; H, H, H, H, are the main wheels
for supporting the machine; these wheels are mounted on a shaft I carrying
a cogi wheel J, into the teeth of which a worm K formed in a piece with or
mounted on the shaft L takes. This shaft receives rotary motion from the
engine, which motion it commuicates to the wheels H through the worm I
and cog wheel J, and so the machine is driven. M is a mitre wheel mounted
on the shaft L gearing into another mitre wheel N on the shaft O; this shaft
carries a wheel P similar to the wheel M, gearing into a wheel V mounted on
a shaft. T working in bearings in the frame A of the machine. This shaft T
carries other wheels R, similar to the wheel V, which gear into wheels V₁
mounted on shafts Q, Q, which carry at their outer ends the twisted shares or
other tilling implements S; Q1, Q', are heads or blocks at the outer ends of the
shafts QQ, for attaching the twisted shares or other tilling implements to the
shafts Q, Q; W, W, are horizontal bars connected to the heads or blocks

page_text: Q, Q, by a crank pin attached to each alternate shaft Q. These bars carry
other cultivators X and rakes Y; motion is communicated to all the tilling
implements S from the main shaft L through the shaft T and mitre wheels V
and V¹. The cultivators X and rakes Y being in connection with the
horizontal bars W, W, follow their motion and consequently work parallel to
the back of the machine. The tilling implements and cultivators are by pre-
ference arranged in pairs and the wheels fitted in such manner that each set
moves in a contrary direction to the ether, as would be the case when arranged
in the manner shewn at Figure 1. In some cases, however, I arrange the
wheels in such manner that the cultivators are. all driven in one direction.
Z, Z, are stamps for cutting up or digging the soil before it is operated on by
the tilling implements, an up-and-down motion is imparted to them by small
steam cylinders Z', Z', one only of which is shown at Figure 1, to which steam
is led from the engine. In cases where the soil is very damp I place the
machine on a skid or frame hinged to the fore part of the frame A as shewn by
the dotted lines at a, in Figure 2. Riggers or pulleys are fitted to the shaft I,
round which a rope passes to an anchor or any other fixed point,
and by this means the engine propels the machine and at the same
time drives the tilling implements. b, b, are pulleys round which a chain in
the form of an endless rake is placed, which is caused to revolve when
required.
Sometimes I place tilling implements and cultivators similar to those before
described to the shafts T, T¹, which, as they revolve, turn over the soil, and so
make a deep furrow on each side of the machine.
Figure 4, Sheet 2, is a longitudinal, and Figure 5 a vertical section, of an
engine and boiler constructed according to the second part of my Invention.
A is the boiler mounted on wheels B, B; C, C. are circular fire-boxes at each
end of the boiler into which the tubes D, D, lead. The fire-boxes are sur-
rounded on each side by water spaces C¹, C¹. These tubes extend right and
left, and are lead in such manner that the products of combustion pass twice
through the boiler before reaching the chimney, as clearly indicated by the
arrows; E, E, are the cylinders in the centre of the boiler. The piston rods
are connected by cross heads to cranks on shafts supported by bearings fitted
to the sides of the boilers; F, F, are wheels connecting the two crank shafts
to driving shaft; G, G, are smoke boxes, each provided with one or more par-
titions for causing the products to return; H, H, are pipes at the top of the
boiler, which form and act as steam chests around which the products of com-
bustion pass; I is the chimney or funnel casing: J is a tank or supply cistern;
K is the fan blower fitted between the two furnaces; L, L, are

page_text: pipes, shown in dotted lines, leading from the top of the tank to the ash-pit;
M is an exit pipe for waste steam from the cylinder; and N is a pump to supply
the boiler.
And having now described the nature of my said Invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim,
First, the general arrangement, construction and method of action of
machinery for tilling the soil, herein-before described and illustrated at Sheet 1
of the accompanying Drawings.
Second, the several arrangements of the parts of engines employed for
driving agricultural implements, herein-before described and illustrated in the
accompanying Drawings, whether the said arrangements are used separately
or combined.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Threlfall Carter, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of July One thousand eight
hundred and sixty.
J. T. CARTER. (L.S.).