IM- PROVEMENTS IN CONVERTING CAST IRON INTO STEEL AND WROUGHT IRON, AND . PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Henderson, of New York, in the United
States of America, but at present of 166, Buchanan Street, Glasgow,
in the County of Lanark, North Britain, for the Invention of "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN CONVERTING CAST IRON INTO STEEL AND WROUGHT IRON, AND
.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Henderson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 3rd August 1872.
I, JAMES HENDERSON, of New York, in the United States of America,
but at present of 166, Buchanan Street, Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of my said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CONVERTING CAST IRON INTO STEEL. AND WROUGHT
IRON, AND PURIFYING CAST IRON FOR FOUNDRY AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved method of removing, carbon,
silicon, sulphur, and phosphorous from crude or cast iron, and consists in

page_text: the application to liquid crude or cast iron of fluo-silicate of lime in
conjunction with oxides of iron in such a manner as to secure the
reactions of the fluorides and oxides simultaneously upon the iron.
One method of carrying out my Invention consists in applying a
mixture of the fluo-silicate of lime, and oxide of iron to the interior of
the furnace converter or other apparatus employed, and to run therein
and
upon such lining the molter cast iron to be operated upon. After
the substances before mentioned' have exerted their influence upon the
molten metal it may be removed.
One other method of carrying out this Invention consists in the
employment of a mixture of fluo-silicate of lime, and oxide of iron in
conjunction with granulated cast iron, the same being subsequently
placed and molten in a furnace or converter.
I wish it to be understood that I do not confine myself to the methods
before described, as the substances and compounds before mentioned
may be applied in any of tlie processes for preparing crude cast iron
either for foundry purposes or for the production of wrought iron or
steel.
"
The proportions employed will vary according to the amount of
impurity contained in the crude or cast iron and the degree of purity it
is desired the iron should attain, but I have found that good results are
obtained when about five hundred parts by weight of oxide of iron or
of red hematite ore to about two hundred and fifty parts to five hundred
parts of fluo-silicate of lime to every two thousand parts by weight of
crude or cast iron.
..
:
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said James Henderson in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 1st February 1873.
1
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
HENDERSON, of New York, in the United States of America, but at 3
present. of 166, Buchanan Street, Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent bearing date the Third day of August, in the year

page_text: of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two, in the thirty-
sixth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said James Henderson, Her special license, that
I, the said James Henderson, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said James Henderson, my executors, adminis-
trators, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter, during the term therein.
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CONVERTING
CAST. IRON INTO STEEL AND WROUGHT IRON, AND ; PURIFYING CAST IRON FOR
FOUNDRY AND OTHER PURPOSES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said James Henderson, my executors, or administrators, by an instru-
ment in writing under my hand and seal; should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Henderson, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement, that is to say.:-.
This Invention relates to an improved method of removing carbon,
silicon, sulphur, and phosphorous from crude or cast iron, and consists
in the application of liquid crude or cast iron of fluo-silicate of lime in
conjunction with oxides of iron in such a manner as to secure the
reactions' of the fluo-silicates and oxides simultaneously upon the iron.
One method of carrying out my Invention consists in applying a
mixture of the fluo-silicate of lime and oxide of iron to the interior of
the furnace converter or other apparatus employed, and to run therein
and upon such lining the molten cast iron to be operated upon. After
the substances before mentioned have exerted their influence upon the
molten metal it may be removed.
One other method of carrying out this Invention consists in the
employment of a mixture of fluo-silicate of lime and oxide of iron in
conjunction with granulated cast iron, the same being subsequently
placed and molten in a furnace or converter.

page_text: I wish it to be understood that I do not confine myself to the methods
before described as the substances and compounds before mentioned
may be applied in any of the processes for preparing crude cast iron
either for foundry purposes or for the production of wrought iron or
steel.
The proportions employed will vary according to the amount of
impurity contained in the crude or cast iron and the degree of purity
it is desired the iron should attain, but I have found that good results
are obtained when about five hundred parts by weight of oxide of iron
or of red hematite ore to about two hundred and fifty parts to five
hundred parts of fluo-silicate of lime to every two thousand parts by
weight of crude or cast iron.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used or
carried into effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider
to be novel and original and therefore claim as the Invention secured to
me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is, the treatment.
of cast iron by the employment of fluo-silicate of lime in conjunction
with oxides of iron for the purposes herein-before described.
t
In witness whereof, I, the said James Henderson, have to this
my Specification set my hand and seal, this Eleventh day of
November, One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two.