Improvements in the Covering of Horticultural Buildings and the like.
Year: 1895

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Covering of Horticultural Buildings and
the like.
I THOMAS WOOD of 3 Lewins Mead. Engineer in the City and County of
Bristol do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to an improved method of fixing and holding slates, tiles,
glass, or any other material upon the roof, sides, or ends, of buildings or any
constructional work: the nature of which is an improved clip, or suspender, so
formed that it shall hold, and retain slates, tiles, glass, or any material that may be
used for covering purposes.
In carrying out my invention I construct a clip or holder made of any suitable
material in the following manner.
I use a strip made from metal or any composition to form a double clip con-
structed as follows; at the required distance from one end, I turn the said strip
back upon itself, thus forming a loop, the metal being brought in contact or nearly
80, a short distance from the end, which end is slightly bent or turned up, the other
end of the strip is treated in a similar manner, but reversed having a projection on
the inner surface to retain a washer in position.
In carrying out my invention into effect I use rafters of suitable material having
both top edges bevelled to a point to admit painting, or varnishing, upon which I
secure at any angle sweeps, or curves, metal bars, chains, wood, ropes, or any
material that can be conveniently used for the purpose; to the said metal bars,
chains, wood, ropes, etc. I attach one end of the said spring clip in such a manner,
and position, that when any covering material is inserted into the other end, the
said clip shall sustain, & firmly hold the said material in the required position,
and effectually covering all constructional work more especially adapted for
horticultural buildings.
Having now described the various parts of my invention, I will now proceed,
aided by the accompanying drawings, to shew in what manner I carry the same
into effect.
Figure 1. is a plan of covering by my improved system. A. is a rafter, having
top edges bevelled to give better fecilities for painting and the like, the said rafter
supports a metal bar, chain, wood, rope, or any other material. B. represents the
same when angle iron is used. C is an improved clip, or holder, one end of which
is attached to an angle iron or other material at C. 1. The reversed end C. 2.
suspends & securely holds the glass, or other material that may be used; a suitable
washer is inserted between the metal clip, & glass D. or other covering material,
to allow for expansion, & giving a firmer grip. The clips attached to angle iron
or other material support, and carry the bottom end of covering in succession, to
any extent; required pressure for supporting in position is obtained by the spring
of clip. D. 1. shews lower part of glass or other material supported by clip. For
vertical covering I employ a clip F. as shewn in Figure 3. which clip is nailed or
screwed to the framing, or sash bars E. Figure 4. represents a pressure clip G.
hat is screwed on the face of framing, or sash bar, to keep glass I. or other,

page_text: material in position, H. represents the washer as before described. K. shews the
puncture in strip to retain the washer in position.
Dated this 27th day of May 1895.
THOMAS WOOD,
3 Lewins Mead, Bristol.
Improvements in the Covering of Horticultural Buildings and
the like.
1 THOMAS WOOD of Old Bread Street Bristol Engineer do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to improvements in fixing glass, slates, tiles, or similar
materials to roofs, partitions, or other portions of structure or edifices but has
special references to glasing and the fixing of glass in the roofs, sides and other
portions of green houses, conservatories and the like.
For the sake of brevity I shall refer to such glass, slates, tiles or similar materials
hereafter in these presents as if I was describing the method of dealing with glass
only but it must be distinctly understood that the method is also equally applicable
to slates, tiles, and similar roofing materials.
I carry my invention into practice in manner as follows:-and for the sake of
clearness of description I will describe the arrangement 1 adopt in the case of
roofs, but the same description will be applicable with certain modifications to other
structures or portions of structure which will be hereinafter described.
The rafters of the structure are made of wood iron or any other suitable material
and will be so shaped as regards the part next the glass which part of the rafter
will be hereinafter referred to as the top part of the rafter may be of any triangular
section or any curvilinear section provided the top part of the rafter is narrowed
and of such a form that it is readily accessible for painting, cleaning and other
purposes.
In the top part of the rafter at certain required intervals, distances or directions
I cut slots or cuts of such size that shall be suitable for the insertion of transverse
or longitudinal pieces to be hereinafter described.
In the before mentioned slots or cuts on the top of the rafter I fit edgeways one
of the members of angle T or other suitable shaped sections of iron or other metal
bars or fix to plain flat or other suitable sectioned bars insertion pieces that will
fit in the slots or cute. Such bars as are described in this paragraph will be
hereinafter referred to as transverse or longitudinal pieces.
The other members of the transverse pieces that are not fitted in the slots or
cuts are arranged so as to be in a more or less parallel position to the rafters or the
glass.
In order to fix the glass to the transverse pieces I use clips made of any suitable
metal or material and are more or less S shaped or having both ends bent upon
itself or having a return bend at each end such clips I shall hereinafter term
the S clip.
This Sclip has upon one or both of its ends as may be desired a disc or other
suitably shaped piece of cork, wood vulcanite, leather or vulcanized fibre or any
similar or suitable material fixed, this disc will hereinafter be referred to as the
friction disc. This friction disc is placed upon that side of the S clip that would
in the ordinary placing of the clip come in contact with the glass or transverse
piece as may be required.
When the glass is required to be fixed in a more or less vertical position, I use a
clip with one return bend only, such clip will be hereinafter referred to as the

page_text: ing cup his cup has a friction disc attached to it in relitively the same position'
as it is in the S clip.
In the hanging clip in the end remote from the return bend are formed holes for-
the purpose of fixing the hanging clip to certain portions of the structure by means
of screws, nails rivets or bolts.
Further in order to keep the glass in position against the structure when the
glass is required to be in a more or less vertical position I use a clip which is
shaped in a more or less semi-circular form and which will be hereinafter called the
clamping clip in which the free ends are curved back.
Iu or about the centre of the semi-circle one or more holes are made and through
the said hole or holes screws, nails, bolts or any of the usual & well known
fastenings are inserted to attach the clip to the structure, on the sides of the free.
ends that are towards the glass are fixed one or more friction discs.
In order that my invention may be more clearly understood I annex herewith.
one sheet of drawings which are to be taken and read as part of these presents.
Like letters apply to like parts in each of the figures.
Figure 1. represents a perspective view of the rafter and transverse pieces in
position of which A¹ is the top portion of the rafter A. B is the cut into which
one member C of the angle iron D. C. is inserted E'is that part of the S clip E E¹
Fig. 2 into which the glass R' is inserted.
Fig. 2. is an elevation showing the rafter, transverse piece and other parts in
their relative position in which A is the rafter A' the top portion of the rafter B the
cut for inserting the member of the transverse piece C. D. E. E' the S clip of
which the bend E is that which retains the glass R¹ and the bend E' that which
clips over the member D of the angle iron Ď C. F is the friction disc that presses
against the upper glass R'.
Tis the shank or middle part of the S clip and between the side X of the Sclip.
next the member D and the upper part or side of D next the glass R¹ is inserted
the lower glass R.
Fig. 3 is a side view of the hanging clip shown in position of which M is the
woodwork or equivalent material composing the structure.
G the shank of the clip I the bend of the clip F 2 the friction disc Pa point or
sturt for securing the friction disc.
Figure 4 is a plan of the hanging clip. H are the holes for the insertion of
screws N.
Pa point or start for fixing friction disc F 2 to Figure 5 is a sectional elevation
of another form of clip termed the clamping clip. J.J. is the more or less semi-
circular part, OO are the free ends turned or curved back, F1 F1 the friction
disc L the wood or other material to which the clamping clip is fixed R the glass,
K the screw fixing the clamping clip to L.
Figure 6 is a section of a curviliniar rafter in which the curves are arranged
convex as A 2.
Figure 7 is a section of a curviliniar rafter in which the curves are arranged
concave as A³.
Figure 8 shows a sectional elevation of the method of finishing off the end.
portion of a roof.
The top part of the rafter A 2 is made angled or curved on one side preferably
the side towards the inside of the structure.
The ends of the transverse pieces C. D are closed over by means of a weather
board of wood or any other suitable material W. And the top end of the roof
part is finished off by a capping V which is made of any suitable material.
The method of fixing the glass is as follows:-
The top glass R' having been inserted between the shank of the S clip and top.
side of the transverse piece the lower portion of glass is inserted in the bend E of
the S clip. The bend E¹ having been placed over the member D of the transverse
piece.
The method of placing the glass in a vertical position is clearly shown in Figure 3..

page_text: the vertical loop is secured in position and the glass placed in the bend or clip I
and when it is desired to clamp the glass against the structure the clamping clip aя
shown in Fig. 5 is used for this purpose.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is
1. I claim the use of angle, T, and flat iron, with insertion pieces attached to
the said flat iron for insertion in rafters for the purpose substantially as herein set
forth & described.
2. I claim the use of rafters shaped in the manner substantially as herein set
forth and described in combination with transverse pieces herein set forth and
described.
3. I claim the use of clips made in the manner as herein set forth and described
in combination with transverse or longitudinal pieces substantially as herein set
forth and described.
4. I claim the use of friction discs in combination with the clips substantially as
herein set forth and described.
5. I claim the use of clips for fixing to portions of the structure other than the
longitudinal pieces substantially as hereinbefore described and set forth.
Dated this 26th day of March 1896.
W. MABERLY LLEWELLIN, C.E.,
Fellow of the Society of Patent Agents,
15, King Square, Bristol, Agent for Applicant.