IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER WASTE PREVENTERS FOR CLOSETS, URINALS, AND SIMILAR APPLIANCES, ALSO APPLICABLE AS FLUID MEASURING APPARATUS
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Martin, of Southsea, in the County of Hants,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER WASTE PREVENTERS FOR
CLOSETS, URINALS, AND SIMILAR APPLIANCES, ALSO APPLICABLE AS FLUID
MEASURING APPARATUS."
Sealed the 15th March 1878, and dated the 28th September 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Martin at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th September 1877.
WILLIAM MARTIN, of Southsea, in the County of Hants.
WATER WASTE PREVENTERS FOR CLOSETS, URINALS, AND SIMILAR APPLIANCES,
ALSO APPLICABLE AS FLUID MEASURING APPARATUS.'
"
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
According to this Invention I construct water waste preventers so as to give a
flush and an after flush by one action or up-and-down movement of the pull, or
handle, or door, or other appliance connected with the closet, urinal, or other place
which is to be flushed. For this purpose I arrange the pull, or handle, or other
actuating appliance on one side of a weigh shaft, fulcrum, or spindle, and I connect
to the weigh shaft on the same side of said fulcrum a rod, near the lower end of
which is fixed a piston working in a cylinder, open top and bottom, and situated in
a measuring box, which I call the after-flush box, and carrying at its extreme lower
end a valve which serves to close the outlet to the closet, urinal, or other place to be
after flushed. On the opposite side of the fulcrum I connect a similar rod fitted
with a piston working in a cylinder in the flushing box, and also fitted with a valve
which serves to close an outlet to the closet, urinal, or other place to be flushed.
Each rod is so connected to its bottom valve that there is a so-called lost motion
between them.
The action of this arrangement is as follows: The pull or handle being
depressed (which as aforesaid may be done by the hand or by connection to
the closet seat or to a door), the piston valve on the valve rod on the opposite.
or flushing box side is first raised so as to close the connection between the flushing
box and the supply cistern, the piston top seating itself against the contracted top
n

page_text: part of the cylinder; by the continued upward movement the bottom valve is opened
and the contents of the flushing cistern emptied into the closet or other part to be
flushed. A weight or spring applied to some convenient part of the apparatus
causes the return movement of the aforesaid parts so as to close the flushing cistern
outlet valve and to re-establish the connection between the Bushing cistern and the
supply cistern.
By this return movement the piston and valve rod on the opposite side of
the fulcrum obtain the opposite motion, causing first the piston valve to rise and
close the communication between the supply cistern and the after-flushing box; or
continuation of this movement causes the bottom valve in the said after-flushing
box to be raised from its seat, and allowing the contents of that box to be emptied
into the outlet leading to the closet, thus producing an after flush and sealing the
closet pan.
The lower part of the piston valve cylinders are provided with one or more holes,
or notches, or slots, so placed that the water may pass through them from the supply
cistern to the flushing box and after-flushing box when the piston valve is in the
lowest position in the cylinder.
The pull handle or other connection may be applied to the opposite side of the
fulcrum or weigh shaft, and is then brought into action by raising it.
I screw the outlet valve seats into the bottom of the flushing cistern and after-
flushing cistern, and secure the outlet pipes by unions. I make the piston valve
cylinders so small that they will pass through the apertures for the outlet valve
seatings; the outlet valves are also smaller than the latter apertures. The whole of
the valves and seatings are thus got at from below, and cannot be interfered with
from above.
The aforesaid flushing and after-flushing apparatus may be made to be placed in
the supply cistern, or outside or below the same.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Martin in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 28th March
1878.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
WILLIAM MARTIN, of Southsea, in the County of Hants.
WATER WASTE PREVENTERS FOR CLOSETS, URINALS, AND SIMILAR APPLIANCES,
ALSO APPLICABLE AS FLUID MEASURING APPARATUS."
This Invention consists in improvements relating to so-called flushing apparatus
and after-flushing apparatus.
And in order that this my Invention may be fully understood I will now proceed
to describe the same with reference to the accompanying Drawings.
According to one part of this Invention I construct water waste preventers so as
to give a flush and an after flush by one action or up-and-down movement of the
pull, or handle, or door, or other appliance connected with the closet, urinal, or other
place which is to be flushed.
Figure 1 is a vertical section through a so-called "after-flushing" apparatus con-
structed according to my Invention, and Figures 2 to 7 are details of same drawn
to a larger scale.
A is the pull or handle or actuating appliance (or it might be a chain), arranged
on a lever F on one side of a weigh-shaft fulcrum or spindle B arranged in a water-
supply cistern T. To this lever F on the same side of the fulcrum I connect a rod C,
near the lower end of which is fixed a piston D working in a cylinder E open at top
and bottom and situated in a measuring box M, which I call the after-flush box.
The rod C has at its extreme lower end a valve G which serves to close the outlet
to the chamber I and pipe H leading to the closet, urinal, or other place to be after
flushed.
On the opposite side of the fulcrum B I connect to the lever F a similar
rod K, which is fitted with a piston L, working in a cylinder N in the flushing box O,
and also fitted with a valve P which serves to close an outlet to the chamber I and
pipe H leading to the closet, urinal, or other place to be after flushed. The rods C
and K are respectively connected to the bottom valves G and P in such a manner
that there is a so-called lost motion between them, which may be done in the way
here shewn, the bottom ends of each rod C and K being formed with a shallow
enlargement which works in a deeper hole formed in the upper or weight part of the
valves G and P.
Figure 2 is an outside view, and Figure 3 a vertical section of the cylinders N
and E, and Figure 4 is a section of same with piston and rod therein. The cylinders
are, as before, contracted at the top and are furnished with one or more holes,
notches, or slots in the lower or middle part, so placed that the water may pass
through them from the supply cistern T and the flush box O or after-flush box M
(as the case may be), when the piston L or the piston D (as the case may be) is in
its lowest position. The pistons are shewn packed with cup leathers, but may be
packed otherwise. The lever F is weighted at one end at f, as shewn, its fulcrum
may conveniently, as here shewn, be arranged on one side of the double pipe Q, Q',
separated by a partition q. The pipe or passage Q supplies air to the flush box 0,
and the passage or pipe Q' supplies air to the after-flush box M. R is the usuaĺ
float of a ball-cock for supplying the supply cistern T.
The seats of the outlet valves P and G may be screwed into the bottom of the
flushing cistern O and after-flushing cistern M, as shewn at Figure 1. The outlet
pipe H (or pipes) should be secured by union, as shewn.
The piston valve cylinders, as shewn at Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4, are made so small
that they will pass through the apertures for the seatings for the outlet valves P
and G. The whole of the valves and pistons are thus got at from below, so that no
height is required above the supply cistern more than just sufficient to get out the
ball valve; on the contrary, in supply "flushing" or "after-flushing" apparatus as
heretofore generally made, a height is necessary above the supply cistern, equal to the

page_text: depth of the whole flushing or after-flushing apparatus, or in some cases the greater
part of same.
The action of the above-described "after-flushing" apparatus is as follows:-The
pull or handle being depressed (which as aforesaid may be done by the hand or by
connecting the rod A or lever F to the closet seat or to a door), the piston valve Lis
first raised so as to close the connection between the flushing box O and the supply
cistern T by the continued upward movement of the piston Land rod K, the valve P
is opened and the contents of the flushing cistern O emptied into the pipe H leading
to the closet or other part to be flushed. In the highest position the piston L seats
itself against the contracted top part of the cylinder N, at the same time the rod C
on the opposite side of the fulcrum B goes down, the piston D is depressed, the
water passes from the supply cistern T through the holes in the cylinder E into the
after-flush box M, the valve G being closed before the water runs into the after-
flushing box M from the supply cistern T. The weight f on the lever F (or it may
be applied to any other convenient part of the apparatus, or it may be a spring),
instead of a weight causes the return movement of the aforesaid parts so as to close
the valve P and to re-establish the connection between the flushing cistern and the
supply cistern T. By this return movement the piston D, and subsequently the
valve G on the opposite side of the fulcrum B, obtain the opposite motion, the piston
valve D rising first and closing the communication between the supply cistern T
and the after-flushing box M. A continuation of this movement causes the
bottom valve G in the after-flushing box M to be raised from its seat and
allows the contents of that box to be emptied into the outlet I and pipe H
leading to the closet, thus producing an after Blush and sealing the closet pan.
The piston D or L seating itself with its cup leather against the contracted top
part of the cylinder E or N both form a tight joint against the supply cistern, and
also form a stop to limit the pull.
Having described my Invention as applied to the so-called after-flushing
apparatus, I will now describe it as regards a part of it applied to flushing
apparatus.
Figure 8 is a vertical section through a flushing apparatus constructed according
to my Invention, the object being as before to allow the outlet or flushing valve and
the piston valve for supplying the flushing cistern to be got out from below the
apparatus, where it is generally most convenient, instead of from above, which as
before stated involves or necessitates a height or space above the apparatus. The
lever F turns on the fulcrum B, which also in this case is shewn on the air pipe Q
leading to the flushing box O. To the weighted end of the lever F is connected the
piston rod K with piston L working in the cylinder N. The lower end of the piston
rod carries the outlet valve P from the flushing box O, but connected so as to have
a lost motion, as before described. H is the pipe leading to the closet or other part
to be flushed; R is the float of the ball-cock for supplying the supply cistern T.
Figure 9 is an outside elevation, and Figure 10 a vertical section through a flushing
apparatus to be placed in a supply cistern T, part of which is shewn in section in
Figure 9. The lever F with weight fis arranged at the top of the supply cistern T;
the rod K has also a weight k, all as required, according to circumstances. O is the
flushing cistern, which is fitted with air pipe Q, cylinder N, outlet valve P, and
outlet pipe H.
Figure 11 shews part of a supply cistern T with a flushing box O placed therein,
the working gear being slightly different from the one just described, inasmuch
as the rod K from the lever F is connected to a lever F' with weight f¹, to
which latter lever the piston rod K' is connected. The lever F' turns on a fulcrum
at B¹
In Figures 9, 10, and 11 the cylinder N and the seat for the outlet valve P are
arranged and dimensioned so that when the cylinder N is unscrewed the piston and
the valve P may be taken out through the aperture for the cylinder N. For this
purpose the cylinder is formed as shewn at Figures 5, 6, and 7, Figure 5 being an
outside view, and Figure 6 a vertical section through the cylinder, which is formed

page_text: with a hexagon flange at top, and with a large screwed part below same. The
seating for the outlet valve P is shewn fastened by a nut.
In the foregoing Drawings the flushing or after-flushing apparatus is shewn
arranged with the supply cistern, forming one apparatus with it, or shewn placed in
the supply cistern, but they may also if desired be placed separately below or outside
the supply cistern.
And having thus described and ascertained the nature of this Invention, I
declare that I claim,-
Firstly. So constructing piston valves arranged between a supply cistern and a
flushing box or an after-flushing box and outlet valves to the closet or other part to
be flushed or after-flushed that upon removal of the outlet-valve seatings an outlet
valve and a piston can be taken out together, as described with reference to Figures 1,
2, 3, 4, and 8.
Secondly. So constructing piston valves arranged between a supply cistern and a
flushing box or an after-flushing box and outlet valves to the closet or other part to
be flushed or after-flushed, that upon removal of the cylinder for such a piston valve,
a piston valve and an outlet valve can be taken out together, as described with
reference to Figures 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, and 11.
Thirdly. The combination of piston valves and outlet valves on the same rod, the
latter valves having a so-called lost motion when constructed and arranged as herein-
before described and claimed.
Fourthly. The arrangement of after-flushing apparatus as described, that is, with
a flushing box and an after-flushing box side by side under a supply cistern, whether
arranged in one with it or not, and when fitted with any kind of piston valves and
outlet valves, operating in the same manner as herein-before described.
Fifthly. The construction of after-flushing apparatus, as shewn in Figure 1.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Martin, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.
Signed, sealed, and delivered
in the presence of
R. W. FORD,
Sol.,
Portsmouth.
WILLIAM MARTIN. (L.B.)