A New Manufacture of Tools with Varying Working Faces, Applicable for Shaping, Outting, Rolling, Pressing, Polishing, Drawing, and otherwise Operating on Objects.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 12th Dec., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 11th Sept., 1889-Accepted, 19th Oct., 1889
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
A New Manufacture of Tools with Varying
Working Faces,
Applicable for Shaping, Outting, Rolling, Pressing, Polishing,
Drawing, and otherwise Operating on Objects.
I, WILHELM LORENZ, of 44 Westendstrasse, of Karlsruhe, in the Grand Duchy of
Baden, German Empire, Engineer and Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to a new manufacture of tools such as those used for polishing,
pressing, drawing, shaping, rolling and the like, which have a working face formed
of consecutive circular or curved profiles, joining on to each other, and which
gradually increase or decrease in cross section.
I will proceed to describe the manufacture of such tools with reference to the
accompanying drawings.
Turned, wrought, cast &c. bodies A of suitable cylindrical form have one or both
sides turned off to a spiral form, as at Figs. 1 and 2, so that the hatched parts in the
drawing are cut away, producing configurations such as the circular shape Fig. 3
or the curved shape Fig. 3 with the tapering profiles shewn at Figs. 1 and 2, or 1ª and 2ª.
The edges a are now rounded off either by the hand with a file, or upon the lathe
or shaping bench, and the body is then further worked on a shaping bench by means
of an ordinary rose cutter, and with the aid of a guide mandril.
The guide mandril contains and produces all the profiles which the tool to be
produced is required to have, and while in use it either remains stationary or is
subject to a longitudinal motion. It will be readily understood that all preliminary
operations can be effected on the shaping bench by means of rose cutters and the
guide mandril, in case this is found desirable.
At Figs. 4 to 6 is shewn by way of example a shaping apparatus suitable for such
work.
The shaft C driven in any suitable manner carries at the one end the rose cutter c,
and at the other end the guide roller b. The shaft C can be moved in all directions
parallel to its axis but not longitudinally, so that the roller can be moved closely in
contact with the profiles of the shiftable guide mandril or template B, as shewn for
example at Fig: 5, so that the rose cutter c will cut profiles corresponding to the
movements of the roller against the mandril. In consequence hereof the body A
operated upon will at each point of its circumference receive forms or profiles which
correspond with those of the guide mandril with which the roller 6 is for the time
being in contact.
Thus if for example a conical or tapering guide mandril with circular cross sections
be used, circular or curved tools can be produced with semicircular or arc-shaped
working profiles, of decreasing sections, such as shewn at Figs. 4 to 6. These can
be made smooth or polished, or be formed with cutting teeth or edges a¹ by means of
suitably shaped cutters c. If a conical mandril be used having on the one side a
semicircular on the other side an angular profile, as at Fig. 7, circular or curved
tools may be produced with decreasing profiles of semicircular sections that gradually
pass over into angular sections, as shewn by way of example at Fig. 8.
When only one half of such a mandril is used, circular or curved tools with
decreasing profiles can be produced, of which only one half can be used, as at Fig. 9.
When using a conical mandril of circular section having a conically hollowed
profile on one side, circular or curved tools can be produced whose decreasing profiles
pass from circular convex into circular concave sections, as at Fig. 10.
The guide-mandril can also be used when revolving upon its axis, with or without
longitudinal motion, for imparting to every consecutive part of the tool or every
г

page_text: consecutive tooth a different form corresponding to the profile of the mandril. Such
a guide-mandril and tool prepared thereby is shown at Fig. 11.
Generally speaking such tools with increasing or decreasing working profiles
having similar or dissimilar or changing sectio of any desired form, can be produced
according to the profile imparted to the guide mandril, or according as more or less
of the profile is used. Figs. 12 and. 12 shew two examples of such tools.
Such circular or curved tools can also be formed by fitting together separate pieces,
each part being separately formed with a profile having a cross section corresponding
to the required decreased or altered form of the tool.
Fig. 13 shews by way of example a rose cutter built up of separate teeth, knives,
or cutting edges a in the above described manner.
Such tools can be used in a great variety of ways both as rose cutters, as also as
turning and planing tools, while utilizing either only one or more, or the whole
of the sections or cutting edges thereof. For example, by means of such cutters,
grooves or slots with any desired increasing, decreasing, or varying cross section can
be formed in rolls, cylinders, plates or other bodies. In. operating on rolls or cylinders
in this manner, the tool is mounted in a lathe in which the cylinder is made to rotate
slowly, the tool being pressed against the cylinder as an ordinary turning tool, and
being at the same time made to rotate in a direction the reverse of. that in which the
cylinder rotates.
By this means the first tooth of the tool will be made to operate as an ordinary
turning tool on a certain length of the groove to be produced, the second tooth being
then made to act on the following length, after which the third, fourth &c. tooth will
be made to act in like manner, as indicated at Fig. 14.
In this example a complete groove d is assumed to be first made, corresponding to.
to smallest profile of the cutter, so that the first following profiles only have to cut
away the edges d¹.
If a revolution of the cutter corresponds to a revolution of the cylinder, then
during each complete revolution, all the profiles of the cuiter will be consecutively
cut a certain depth into the circumference of the cylinder.
The cutter can then, after each complete revolution, be pressed forward against the
cylinder in order by the repeated operation.to cut the same profiles deeper into the
same groove.
If a complete revolution of the cylinder only corresponds to a partial revolution of
the cutter, then only the profiles of that part of the latter which comes into play will
be cut into the cylinder.
If on the other hand a complete revolution of the cutter only corresponds to a
partial revolution of the cylinder, then the profiles of. the.cutter will only be cut into
the part of the cylinder which is carried. past it, as shewn at Fig. 15.
If the tools are so profiled that decreasing side profiles are produced.corresponding
to a certain shape of tooth, then the flanks of the teeth of spur or bevil wheels of every
size can be formed thereby. For example, with spur wheels, as many. teeth flanks of
different sizes but of the same kind can be cut.. as there are teeth or cutting edges on
the tool, by passing this like a planing tool, with the cutting edge corresponding to
the sized tooth to be formed, along, the flank, of the tooth of the wheel, as shewn
at Fig. 16.
If the tool. be turned during such operation, to an extent corresponding to the
conicity or taper of the teeth of a bevil, wheel, the teeth of such wheels can be
entirely cut by such a tool. The cutter is, for this purpose, led along the tooth like
a planing tool commencing, with the cutting edge corresponding to the profile of the
tooth flank at the one end, and is, gradually rotated through a certain angle so as,
when arriving at the other end of the tooth, to present the cutting edge.corresponding
to the required profile of the tooth flank at that end, as shown at Fig. 17.
In a similar manner other straight or conical bodies can be cut to profiles
corresponding to those of the cutter, only one cutting edge thereof being used in
operating on straight or cylindrical bodies, while in operating on.conical or tapering
bodies, several or all the cutting edges of the tool are brought consecutively into

page_text: operation by a corresponding rotation thereof. If two, three, or more of such tools
are mounted as polishing, pressing, or drawing tools in a circular fraine in such a
manner that a central space is left between them, which can be increased or decreased
by turning the tools, by reason of their spiral shape, then such combined tools can be
used for polishing revolving conical tubes, or for compressing or drawing into a
conical form cylindrical tubes, as shewn at Figs. 18 and 19. In this case the tool
frame can also be made to revolve while the tube operated upon is stationary, or both
parts may be made to revolve, and in like manner the one or the other part or both
parts may receive an axial motion.
If such tools be placed with their spiral profile in the direction of the length of the
tube, and be rotated relatively thereto, the cross sections of the tube can be varied in
any desired manner so as, for example, to convert a circular section into a pentagonal
one and this again into a star shape, as indicated at Fig. 20.
Such tools with varying profiles, and a periphery that only operates on one side
formed as at Fig. 9, can also be used as rolls for rolling or re-forming any description
of metal object.
Such rolls are shewn at Figs. 21, 22, and 23 together with the guide mandril for
producing them. If these receive motion in the same direction, as indicated by the
arrows, and the object to be operated upon be introduced between them, this will
receive rotary motion in the contrary direction, and will, during one revolution, be
acted upon by the rolls so as to have a corresponding configuration imparted to it.
If such rolls be formed with a periphery that passes from a cylindrical profile into
a one sided cutting edge, as shewn at Figs. 21 and 22 they may be used for producing
objects with conically tapered ends, or, for example, articles may be formed on a metal
bar, and at the same time be cut off therefrom, as shewn at Figs. 25 and 26.
From the above description it will be seen that the said tools can be produced of
the most varied configuration and of any size, and may be used for a great variety of
purposes.
Dated this 19th day of Dasomban 1940
J
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
A New Manufacture of Tools with Varying. Working Faces,
Applicable for Shaping, Cutting, Rolling, Pressing, Polishing,
Drawing, and otherwise Operating on Objects.
I, WILHELM LORENZ, of 44 Westendstrasse, of Karlsruhe, in the Grand Duchy of
Baden, German Empire, Engineer and Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :--
My invention relates to a new manufacture of tools such as those used for polishing,
pressing drawing, shaping, rolling, and the like which have a working face formed of
consecutive circular or curved profilés, joining on to each other and which gradually
increase or decrease in cross section.
I will proceed to describe the manufacture of such tools with reference to the
drawings accompanying my Provisional Specification.
or 1 and 2.
Turned, wrought, cast; &c. bodies A of suitable cylindrical form have one or both
sides turned off to a spiral form, as at Figs. 1 and 2, the parts hatched in the drawing
being cut away, producing configurations such as the circular shape Fig. 3 or the
curved shape Fig. 3" with the tapering profiles shewn at Figs. 1 and 2,
The edges a are now rounded off, either by the hand with a file, or upon the lathe or
shaping bench, and the body is. then further worked on a shaping bench by means of
an ordinary rose cutter, and with the aid of a guide mandril.
The guide mandril contains and produces all the profiles which the tool to be
produced is required to have, and while in use it either remains stationary or is

page_text: subject to a longitudinal motion. It will be readily understood that all preliminary
operations can be effected on the shaping bench by means of rose cutters and the
guide mandril, in case this is found desirable.
At Figs. 4 to 6 is shewn by way of example a shaping apparatus suitable for such
work.
The shaft C driven in any suitable manner carries at the one end the rose cutter c,
and at the other end the guide roller b. The shaft C can be moved in all directions
parallel to its axis but not longitudinally, so that the roller 6 can be moved closely in
contact with the profiles of the shiftable guide mandril or ternplate B, as shewn for
example at Fig. 5, so that the rose cutter c will cut profiles corresponding to the
movements of the roller against the mandril. In consequence hereof the body A
operated upon will at each point of its circumference receive forms or profiles which
correspond with those of the guide mandril with' which the roller bis for the time
being in contact.
Thus if for example a conical or tapering guide mandril with circular cross sections
be used, circular or curved tools can be produced with semicircular or arc shaped
working profiles, of decreasing sections, such as shewn at Figs. 4 to 6. These can be
made smooth or polished, or be formed with cutting teeth or edges a¹ by means of
suitably shaped cutters c¹. If a conical mandril be used having on the one side a
semicircular on the other side an angular profile, as at Fig. 7, circular or curved tools
may be produced with decreasing profiles of semicircular sections that gradually pass
over into angular sections, as shewn by way of example at Fig. 8.
When only one half of such a mandril is used, circular or curved tools with
decreasing profiles can be produced of which only one half can be used, as at
Fig. 9.
When using a conical mandril of circular section having a conically hollowed
profile on one side, circular or curved tools can be produced whose decreasing profiles
pass from circular convex into circular concave sections, as at Fig. 10.
The guide mandril can also be used when revolving upon its axis, with or without
longitudinal motion, for imparting to every consecutive part of the tool or every
consecutive tooth a different form corresponding to the profile of the mandril. Such
a guide mandril and tool prepared thereby is shewn at Fig. 11.
Generally speaking such tools with increasing or decreasing working profiles,
having similar or dissimilar or changing sections of any desired form, can be produced
according to the profile imparted to the guide mandril or according as more or less
of the profile is used. Figs. 12 and 12 shew two examples of such tools, and
Fig. 13 shews a rose cutter having cutting teeth a².
Such circular or curved tools can thus be made to various forms and of various
kinds and may be left smooth, or may be provided with teeth more or less broad
according to the purpose for which they are intended.
Such tools can be used in a great variety of ways both as rose cuiters, as also as
turning and planing tools, while utilizing either only one or more, or the whole of the
sections or cutting edges thereof.
For example, by means of such cutters, grooves or slots with any desired increasing,
decreasing, or varying cross section can be formed in rolls, cylinders, plates or other
bodies. In operating on rolls or cylinders in this manner, the tool is mounted in a
lathe in which the cylinder is made to rotate slowly, the tool being pressed against
the cylinder as an ordinary turning tool, and being at the same time made to rotate
in a direction the reverse of that in which the cylinder rotates.
By this means the first tooth of the tool will be made to operate as an ordinary
turning tool on a certain length of the groove to be produced, the second tooth being
then made to act on the following length, after which the third, fourth &c. teeth will
be made to act in like manner, as indicated at. Fig. 14.
In this example a complete groove d is assumed to be first made corresponding to
the smallest profile of the cutter, so that for the first following profiles only the
edges d'¹ have to be cut away.
If a revolution of the cutter corresponds to a revolution of the cylinder, then

page_text: during each complete revolution all the profiles of the cutter will be consecutively
cut a certain depth into the circumference of the cylinder.
The cutter can then, after each complete revolution, be pressed forward against the
cylinder in order by its repeated operation to cut the same profiles deeper into the
same groove.
If a complete revolution of the cylinder only corresponds to a partial revolution of
the cutter, then only the profiles of that part of the latter which come into play will
be cut into the cylinder.
If on the other hand a complete revolution of the cutter only corresponds to a
partial revolution of the cylinder, then the profiles of the cutter will only be cut into
the part of the cylinder which is carried past it, as shewn at Fig. 15.
If the tools are so profiled that decreasing side profiles are produced corresponding
to a certain shaped tooth, then the flanks of the teeth of spur or bevil wheels of
every size can be formed thereby. For example, with spur wheels, as many teeth
flanks of different sizes but of the same kind can be cut as there are teeth or cutting
edges on the tool, by passing this like a planing tool with the cutting edge
corresponding to the sized tooth to be formed, along the flank of the tooth of the
wheel, as shewn at Fig. 16.
If the tool be turned during such operation to an extent corresponding to the
conicity or taper of the teeth of a bevil wheel, the teeth of such wheels can be
entirely cut by such a tool.
The cutter is for this purpose led along the tooth like a planing tool commencing"
with the cutting edge corresponding to the profile of the tooth flank at the one end,
and is gradually rotated through a certain angle so as, when arriving at the other
end of the tooth, to present the cutting edge corresponding to the required profile of
the tooth flank at that end as shewn at Fig. 17.
In a similar manner other straight or conical bodies can be cut to profiles corre-
sponding to those of the cutter, only one cutting edge thereof being used in operating
on straight or cylindrical bodies, while in operating on conical or tapering bodies
several or all the cutting edges of the tool are brought consecutively into operation
by a corresponding rotation thereof.
If two, three, or more of such tools are mounted as polishing, pressing or drawing
tools in a circular frame in such a manner that a central space is left between them,
which can be increased or decreased by turning the tools, by reason of their spiral
shape, then such combined tools can be used for polishing revolving conical tubes, or
for compressing or drawing into a conical form cylindrical tubes, as shown at Figs. 18
and 19. In this case the tool frame can also be made to revolve while the tube
operated upon is stationary, or both parts may be made to revolve, and in like manner
the one or the other part or both parts may receive an axial motion.
If such tools be placed with their spiral profile in the direction of the length of the
tube, and be rotated relatively thereto, the cross sections of the tube can be varied in
any desired manner, so as, for example, to convert a circular section into a pentagonal
oue and this again into a star shape as indicated at Fig. 20.
Such tools with varying profiles, and a periphery that only operates on one side,
formed as at Fig. 9, can also be used as rolls for rolling or reforming any description
of metal object.
Such rolls are shewn at Figs. 21, 22 and 23, together with the guide mandril for
producing them shewn at Fig. 24. If these receive motion in the same direction, as
indicated by the arrows, and the object to be operated upon be introduced between
them this will receive rotary motion and will, during one revolution, be acted upon
by the rolls so as to have a corresponding configuration imparted to it.
If such rolls be formed with the periphery that passes from a cylindrical profile
into a one sided cutting edge, as shewn at Figs. 21 and 22, they may be used for
producing objects with conically tapered ends, or, for example, articles may be formed
on a metal bar, and at the same time be cut off therefrom as shown at Figs. 25
and 26.
•

page_text: From the above description it will be seen that the said tools can be produced of
the most varied configuration and of any size, and may be used for a great variety of
purposes.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
The herein described manufacture of tools having working profiles of varying
cross section symmetrical or unsymmetrical following in a circle or curve, these
profiles being left smooth for pressing drawing or polishing or being serrated or
toothed for cutting or nulling or for operating as rollers.
Dated this 11th day of Sentember 1980
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.