Improvements in Pumps.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 15th Oct., 1896-Accepted, 1st May, 1397
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Pumps.
A communication to me from PRINCE NICOLAJ ERISTOFF, of Haus Aramyanz,
Sergejekische Strasse, Quartier des Fürsten Gagarin, Tiflis, in the Caucasus,
Landed Proprietor.
I, EDMUND EDWARDS, of the Firm of Edwards and Co., Patent Agents and
Engineers, of 65 and 66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, and accompanying drawings, that is to say :--
This invention has for its object a novel method of construction and arrangement
of pumps, the action of which depends upon a novel principle, namely, that by an
up and down movement of the pump barrel it is possible without the use of a lower
or suction valve to force the liquid through an upper delivery valve at the top of
the pump barrel. It has been found that, as illustrated in Figure 1 of the
accompanying drawings, which are in illustration of the invention, it is quite
sufficient, to raise the liquid from a lower vessel a to an upper one b, if the lower
end of a pipe c dips into the contents of the lower vessel a. At the upper end of
the pipe ca valve d is arranged which is preferably acted upon by a spring so as to
close automatically. When the pipe c is moved up and down by the hand the air in
the pipe c is gradually discharged through the valve and the fluid raised from the
vessel a, until at last it is also delivered through the valve d, falling into the
receiver e and through a spout f into the vessel b. This apparatus shews
the simplest form of the novel pump, which can be used for emptying wine casks,
cesspools, and the like.
A helical spring may also be used in different ways, to assist the up and down
movement described. Such an arrangement is illustrated in Figure 2, which shows"
partly a vertical section and partly a side view. The pump barrel c has fitted
round it two helical springs 3, the upper ends of which are fixed to the barrel,
whilst the lower ends are supported upon a fixed ring h. This ring forms, together
with the vertical rods or columns i, a frame which rests upon the bottom of the well
or cistern m. The pump is worked up and down by means of a hand lever 1,
turning upon a fixed pink which is connected in the nanner hereinafter described
with the pump barrel c so that the latter can be worked perpendicularly up and
down. There is, therefore, alternately an extension of the springs g (during the
upward stroke of the pump-barrel c), and a compression of the springs (during the
downward stroke). From the weight of the pump-barrel itself the springs are
compressed below their central position, and an automatic upward movement of the
pump-barrel e is facilitated, so that by the use of the hand lever I only a moderate
power is required to operate the pump. In this way the liquid is raised from the
well m through the valve d at the upper end of the pump barrel. In this form of
arrangement the receiving chamber e, in order to connect it to the hand lever 1, is
provided with a dome-shaped cover n above the valve d. Besides the advantage
that the valve d is closed in, the hand lever already described can be very simply
connected by means of a joint o screwed or otherwise fixed into the centre of the

page_text: cover n, a pin p passing through the end of the. lever and through this joint..
Guide-rods s fixed to the pump-barrel in a position parallel to its axis pass through.
guidescarried by the bars, and serve to guide the pump-barrel.
9
In the form of arrangement shown in Figure 3 two helical springs o, gl of equal
height are arranged on opposite sides of the lower end of the pump-barrel c..
These springs are fitted round the bars i, i and their lower ends are supported upon
the supporting ring g which passes freely round the pump-barrel and is carried by
and attached to the rods i. The upper ends of the springs support the ring which
fits round, and is attached to, the pump-barrel c. In this form of arrangement the
ring r, by means of the eyes which fit upon the bars i, serves as an effective guide
for the pump-barrel c when the latter is working.
The forms of arrangement already shown apply to a single pump only, but the
improved arrangements may also, as illustrated in Figure 4, be applied to a double-
barrelled pump. In this case, two punip-barrels c are used. Near the upper ends
of these pump-barrels toothed racks t are fixed, each of which gears with one of the
toothed sectors u, u. The latter are firmly fixed upon the spindle v which can be
turned alternately in one or other direction by means of the hand lever . In this
form of arrangement guide rods s are used which work in guides i carried by
a frame i³. Instead of the arrangement shown in Figure 2, rods o' are used which
guide the pump-barrels by passing through eyes it carried by the frame
A second form of arrangement of the double pump constructed according to this
invention is shewn in Figure 5. Instead of the toothed racks and sectors, a lever
arrangement is used in which the arms 1 carried by an oscillating axle 2, are jointed
to the covers a upon the chambers e by pins o. The axle is carried in bearings 3
on the frame 4, and is also provided with a hand-lever 5. The guiding of the
pump-barrelse is effected by means of links 6, 6. jointed to them and of equal
length, like the arms 1, 1, their inner ends turning upon a pin 7 carried upon
a suitable lower frame 4. This lower frame or support 4 forms part of the
foundation-plate 8 which is fixed upon the masonry 9 of the well m.
Figure 6 shows a method of working the double pumps by means of cranks.
The pump-barrels c are connected by means of crossheads o with cranks 10 upon
the shaft or spindle 11, which turns in bearings 12 and is provided with a handle 13.
The full stroke of the up and down movement of the pump-barrels is in this way
produced.
In Figure 7 an axle 14 having only a single crank is shown, which revolves freely
in bearings 17, and to facilitate the working is provided with a balance-weight 16,
as well as a handle 15. By means of a crosshead o the tubular part 19 is
attached to the crankpin of the crank upon the spindle 14. In this arrangement,
however, the tube 19 is not shown as being of rigid material, but flexible, such as a
leather hose. In order that this flexible pipe may remain constantly stretched it
carries at its lower end a tubular weight 20.
Figure 8 shews the lower end of a rigid pump-barrel supported upon a double
bent spring 22, the spring being carried by a pin or support 24 fixed in the
bottoni 23 of the well, or other sufficient foundation.
Figure 9 shows the pump-barrel 25 made zig-zag in shape instead of straight,
and Figure 10 shows it bent so as to form a water-trap 26, as used in manometer
tubes so as to prevent the water from ever draining completely away. For the
same object the arrangement shown in Figure 11 may be used, in which a sliding
valve 28 is fitted to the pump-barrel 27, or, instead of a sliding valve, a cock may
be used. Or, as shown in Figure 12, the unadvisable emptying of the pump-
barrel 27 may be prevented by the use of the valves d', d', as its lower end by
bringing the two valves into their closed or inclined position against a suitable
central seat. On the inner side of the valves d' the two branches of a cord or
wire 29 are fixed, the lower ed of the latter being attached to the arm 30 of a
lever 30, 32 which turns upon a pin 31. To the arm 32 of this lever is attached
a cord 33 which is carried up to a position where it can be conveniently used
for closing the valves d'.

page_text: In Figure 13 is shown another method of arrangement for guiding the pump-
barrel c, which may be used instead of that shown in Figure 2. The bars serve
as guides for eyes A formed upon the bars A' which, by means of the ring A' and
flanges A³ are fixed to the pump barrel c.
Different forms of the valve d are shown in Figures 11, 14, and 15. In Figure 11.
an indiarubber ring 34 is shown, in section of a T-shape. The stem or body of
the T is narrower at the centre, so that the escape of the indiarubber from the
valve-seat in which it is fitted, is prevented. The body d2 of the valve is made
conical below, so that the water to be raised may be discharged uniformly all round.
Figure 14 shows a special arrangement at the upper end of the pump-barrel c to
prevent the sticking of the valve to the seat at the upper end of the pump-
barrel c. It consists of an annular recess el in the latter in which are placed a
number of springs e². These springs, therefore, press upward the annular
projection on the valve d³, which rests upon them. The valve d³ is formed
below with annular recesses round the sides of the annular projection *, in
which the annular projections e on the seat fit. The tightness of the valve upon
its seat is, by this means, promoted. Figure 15 shows the pump-barrel c having at
its upper end, instead of a single valve d, a large number of such valves, consisting
of angular parts 35 in which the valves are fitted at 36. Figure 16, again, shows
a method of construction in which the fluid is delivered in an inclined direction
from the side of the upper end of the pump-barrel 37 a branch 38 being formed
upon it for the purpose, upon the outer end of which is fitted the delivery valve 39
opening outward. In this case, the upper end of the pump-barrel is closed.
Another variety in the method of arranging, working, and guiding, the pump-
barrel 40, is shown in Figure 17. In this the pump-barrel is arranged and
guided in an inclined direction, and the guiding rings 42 surrounding the barrel
are shown carried by the bearings of the rollers 41. The rings 42 also serve
to support the lower ends of helical springs 43, the upper ends of which are
fixed to the pump-barrel. The working can be effected by one of the methods
already described.
In Figures 18 and 19, finally, an arrangement of the improved pump-barrel is
shown, the working of which is entirely automatic. To the pump-barrel 44 a
pair of arms 45 are rigidly attached. In eyes 46 at the outer ends of these arms
turn the pivots 47 of a hollow wheel or drum 48. These pivots are excentric
to the centre of the wheel, the circumference of which is provided with radial tooth-
like projections or floats 49. Supposing now that a wheel of the kind described dips
into water flowing with sufficient speed, it will work as an excentric water-wheel.
Acting also as a float, it causes by its revolution an alternate raising and lowering
of the arms 45. In this way the pump-barrel 44 which is supported by helical
springs of the kind shown in Figure 3, is constantly caused to move up and down.
As the float cylinder or wheel 48 always remains with its axis in the same position
above the level of the quick-flowing water which drives it, the frame of the pump
is made variable in position by raising or lowering it vertically, according to the
level of the water. The bars i belonging to it are connected at their upper end to
a boss. This boss is provided at its upper end with a vertical screw-threaded
spindle which passes through a frame 50 and also through a tangent toothed
wheel 51, which is prevented from moving end ways by means of the frame 50.
An endless screw 52 is constantly in gear with the tangent wheel 52, and upon the
axle 53 of the screw a toothed wheel 54 is also keyed, which gears with a corre-
sponding pinion 80 upon the parallel spindle 55. On this spindle 55 a ratchet
wheel 56 is keyed which is operated by means of a double oscillating pall 57, 57,
one or other of which palls is always in operation. Their alternating positions are
effected by means of a float 58 which actuates a connecting band or cord 60 which
passes round under a fixed pulley 59, its end being then carried up and connected
to the double pall as shown. If the float 53 rises the double pall is caused to turn
upon its axis 61 which is carried upon the arm 62 of a double-ended lever 62, 63.

page_text: This double-ended lever turns upon a centre 64 at the lower end of a suspended
link 65, which by means of the pin 66 is pivotted to the supporting frame 67 of the
apparatus. The arm 63 of the double-ended swinging lever is connected by a
pin 68 with the arnı 69 of a bell-crank lever which turns upon a pin 70 carried by
the frame 67. Finally, by means of a link 72 the other arm 71 of the bell-crank
lever is connected with the bar 73, which extends up from the cover n of the
pump-barrel 44 and forms a guide together with the boss i'. It is obvious that
if the float 58 rises on account of the rising of the stream in which it floats, the left
arin of the double pall 57 will be drawn down against the pressure of a flat spring 74
which acts upon the right arin of the double pall. As the pin 61 of the double
lever 62, 63, is moved uninterruptedly backward and forward horizontally, the
right-hand pall 57' is brought into operation and the ratchet wheel 56 is caused to
revolve. A downward movement of the float 58, on the other hand, allows the
spring 74 to act upon the double pall so that the left-band pall 57 comes into
gear with the ratchet-wheel 56 and causes the revolution of the latter in the
opposite direction. The pump frame i, together with the pump, is therefore
automatically moved up and down as the variations in the height of the stream
require. The lower ends of the bars i, in this method of construction fit in guiding
tubes 75 in the bottom of the water course.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :
1. The improved form of pumps in which the pump-barrel e has an axial vertical
or nearly vertical movement up and down, its lower end being constantly in the fluid
which is to be raised, whilst its upper end is provided with a valve d, as illustrated
in Figure 1.
2. The method of arrangement and construction of pumps of the kind described
in Claim 1, in which the barrel c is supported on springs g, as illustrated in Figure 2,
in order to render its working up and down more easy.
3. The method of arrangement and constraction of pumps of the kind described
in Claim 1, in which the pump-barrel e is supported in the inclined position upon
rollers 41, as shown at 40 in Figure 17.
4. The method of arrangement and construction of pumps of the kind
described in Claim 1, in which the pump-harrel is composed of a flexible
tube 19 kept stretched at its lower end by a weight 20 whilst its upper end
is connected to a crank pin o upon a revolving shaft 14, as illustrated in
Figure 7.
5. The method of arrangement and construction of pumps of the kind
described in Claims 1 and 2, in which the working is automatically effected by
means of a wheel or drum 48, having an excentric spindle revolving in arms 45
fixed to the pump-barrel 44 so that the floating drum or wheel 48 remains always
immersed to about the same depth in the comparatively rapid-flowing water
in which it is immersed, and which causes it to revolve,-the excentrically-
placed pivots in its ends causing the arms 45 in which they turn, and the
pump-barrel 44, to rise and fall, substantially as described and illustrated, in
Figures 18 and 19
6. The method of arrangement and construction of pumps of the kind
described in Claims 1, 2, and 5, in which a float 58, which is connected by a
band or cord 60 with a double pall 57, 57, (Figures 18 and 19) (the latter being
connected with a double-ended lever 62, 63, which is caused to oscillate by the
movement of the pump-barrel 44 through the rods and gear 69, 70, 71, 72, and 73),
causes by its rise or fall, one or other of the palls to gear with the ratchet-wheel 56
which latter, by means of a toothed wheel 80, 54, and the endless screw 52,
operates the tangent wheel 51 in one or the other direction, which causes the
screw
to rise or fall in the frame 50, the movement being transmitted through

page_text: the boss to the frame i, i which carries the pump-barrel, so that the frame itself
is caused to rise or fall according to the height of the water, substantially as
described and illustrated.
Dated this 14th day of October 1896.
EDWARDS. & Co.,
65 and 66, Chancery Lane, London, Agents for the Applicant..