matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
A REPRODUCTIVE ORGAN, PRINTING WITH KNOWN NOTES ANY MUSICAL FANCIES, AND EQUALLY APPLICABLE TO PIANOFORTES, MELODIUMS, HARMONIUMS, ACCORDEONS, AND GENERALLY TO ALL KEYED MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Marzolo at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th January
1856.
I, JOSEPH MARZOLO, of Padua, and at present residing in Paris, in the
Empire of France, Rue des Petites Ecuries, No. 57, Organ Builder, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for A REPRODUCTIVE ORGAN,
PRINTING WITH KNOWN NOTES ANY MUSICAL FANCIES, AND EQUALLY APPLICABLE TO
PIANOFORTES, MELODIUMS, HARMONIUMS, ACCORDEONS, AND GENERALLY TO ALL KEYED
MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, to be as follows:-
My Invention or apparatus may be applied to any musical instrument having
keys. The music is printed on the paper by the simple touch or action of the
keys, with types producing characters like those used in ordinary printing or
copying, with the identical repetition or reprint (as often as may be desired) of
the airs effected by mechanical reaction on the key-board of the instrument;
the composer may possess the exact impression of a new musical idea, repro-
duced as often as required.
My Invention will be readily understood by reference to the accompanying
Drawing, where A represents an organ or melodium, having a space between
the common key-board H and the chest v, (which contains the organ pipes)
This space is large enough to contain a metallic cylinder C, of suitable strength
and diameter, having a fixed axis. A spiral groove surrounds this cylinder,

page_text: deep enough to hold a series of small steel blades, all uniform, forming raised
impressible spiral lines on the cylinder moving round their own centre, and
uiring to be in their places before the instrument is played upon. L is a
horizontal metallic key-board, moveable forward and backward, acting upon
the cylinder C below, and receiving reacting action from it. Each key of the
key-board is similar, and forms a lever with two points; one, the marking
point m, is beyond the fulcrum; the other point r, on the opposite side, reacts
from the action of the point m. The front ends of these levers are connected
to the common key-board H by braces, shown at a', a", or in any convenient
manner. For the printing apparatus, A' is a cylinder, upon which paper p is
rolled of any required length; B' is an arrangement by cylinder or roller to
work off or remove the paper from the cylinder A¹; C' shows the types of
the regulators for the keys of sol and fa (G and F); T, types of musical notes;
. E, a set of small cylinders supplying ink to the types; F, the ink-box; G, an
arrangement of levers for connecting the key-board H with the types of the
notes. The key-board may act upon the repeating cylinder or the printing
apparatus, or on both at once, or need not necessarily do so on either.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Auguste Fournier des Corats at the
Offico of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th
December 1856.
I, AUGUSTE FOURNIER DES CORATS, of No. 8, Rue des Trois Pavillons, Paris,
in the Empire of France, do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention
of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention has reference to improvements in lamps, which improve-
ments consist, first, in constructing the wick apparatus, so as to dispense with
the adjusting key used in ordinary moderator lamps; secondly, in the means
for raising the cover of the reservoir, in order to pour the oil in and raise the
piston; thirdly, in the method of raising the wick; and, fourthly, the arrange-
ments for conducting to and removing the surplus oil from the wick.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawing represents the improved lamp;
Figure 2, a plan of Figure 3; Figure 4, plan of the support p. I is the body
of the lamp, which contains an ordinary spring u, for actuating the piston X,
Figure 3. To the latter is fixed a chain or rack T, which is moved by a
pinion or pulley fixed to the rod or key o' on the top of cover B'. In order to
prevent the oil from falling upon this rod, a small shute is fixed to the tube N.
F is a moulded cover, which lifts up when oil is poured into the lamp, and
also serves to raise the piston; p is a moulded support, perforated with slots p',
through which the oil passes. On the top of this support is fixed the branched
pipes F, F. The branch F has a passage connected with the tube I, Figure 3,

page_text: for the oil to ascend to the wick on the holder A inside the tube B, and the
branch F is provided with a passage, by which the surplus oil descends to the
reservoir I. D is a ring, to which is fixed the glass support C, formed with a
groove for turning the tube B; A', claw-for raising the wick; the tube F may
be furnished with air passages. This improved lamp may be constructed with
two or more branch burners receiving oil from one reservoir.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BLEACHING, WASHING, OR CLEANSING TEXTILE FABRICS AND MATERIALS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Armour at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th January
1856.
I, JOHN ARMOUR, of Kirkton Bleach Works, in the County of Renfrew,
North Britain, Bleacher, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BLEACHING, WASHING, OR CLEANSING TEXTILE FABRICS AND
MATERIALS," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to various arrangements in connection with the
ordinary "dash wheel," as at present in use in various manufacturing pro-
cesses, as well as to other apparatus more or less modifications of the dash
wheel, the object of the said Invention being the improvement of the action
of such dash wheels or preparing apparatus. In modifying a common dash
wheel for this purpose, the circumferential portion of the wheel case or
chamber is made double, or with a jacket in the form of an annular casing.
The axle or shaft of the wheel is made tubular, for the purpose of admitting
steam, hot air, or hot water through it to the enveloping casing, so that the
wheel may thus be kept constantly heated to a high. temperature if necessary.
The heated current is passed into the shaft by a. stuffing box, suitable
thoroughfares being provided for the conveyance of the heated current, either
into the annular casing or into the internal divisions of the wheel, or into
both. With a contrivance of this kind, the acids, alkalis, bleaching stuffs, and
cleansing ingredients are kept hot, thereby aiding the cleansing and bleaching

page_text: process very materially. The shaft may be tubular either on one or both sides
of the wheel; if tubular on both sides, one tubular portion answers for the
ingress of the heated current, whilst the other serves to convey away the
cooled agent. The tubular shaft also affords the means of keeping up a
continuous supply to the wheel of heated alkali or other bleaching or cleansing
matter, as well as for the removal of these matters when they have performed
their office. Rotating wheels or chambers, of various forms, may be used for
carrying out this Invention, but the improvements are more obviously
applicable to the ordinary dash wheel, in which textile goods and materials of
various kinds are deposited, for being washed, bleached, and cleansed. In
addition to these arrangements, the wheel may be made to revolve in a vessel
of hot water, or over a heating chamber of any convenient kind.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LIFTING JACKS
Year: 1856

page_text: the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th December 1856.-A communication from Mr. Michel.
I, RICHARD ARCHIBALD BROOMAN, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LIFTING JACKS," communicated to me by Mr. Michel,
a foreigner residing abroad, to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in substituting for the teeth on the main shaft of the
jack a screw threaded shaft, a nut with screw thread on the inside, with a
worm outside, driven by an endless screw or worm; in communicating
motion to the worm by a handle, which may be used as a ratchet lever or as a
crank; and in mounting the jack upon a bed, on which it may be made to
travel by a screw.
The jacks consist of an outer casing, which is made broader at bottom than
at top, in order to afford an extended base. The side casing is screwed to a
base plate, which at each of the four corners is armed with pointed blocks for
fixing the jacks while at work and keeping them steady. From the base plate,
extending to about two-thirds of the height of the jacks, are four uprights,
which support a strong plate, hollow in the centre; this plate is also bolted
to the outer casing; upon this plate rests a hollow nut, through which the

page_text: main shaft of the jack passes. This shaft is screw threaded, and extends
from the bottom plate through the top plate or cover of the casing. The
lollow nut is threaded on the inside, and carries on the outside, and near
the centre thereof, a worm wheel; a worm or endless screw, mounted in
bearings in two sides of the casing, drives the worm and causes the nut to
rotate; the axis of the endless screw is prolonged at one end to receive a
ratchet lever. This lever is formed with an arm; and through a joint in the
lever (which can be fixed at pleasure), the lever may be used as a lever or a
crank handle. The top of the screwed shaft is thinned to receive a crab,
while another crab, projecting horizontally from the lower part of one of the
side casings, is connected to and raised by the lower end of the shaft.
jacks may be employed without a screw arrangement for shifting them
along a bed; or a bed, with a screw gearing into a nut in or on the bottom
plate of the jacks for the purpose of moving them to and fro on the bed, may
be used.
The
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF RAILWAY SIGNALLING
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Henry Ingall and George
Oscar Shaw Browne at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 26th January 1856.
GEORGE HENRY INGALL, of Old Broad Street, City, in the County of
Middlesex, Gentleman, and GEORGE OSCAR SHAW BROWNE, of Glasshouse
Street, in the County of Nottingham, Machinist, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF RAILWAY SIGNALLING," to bo
as follows:-
Our Invention of improvements consists in placing upon the line of a
railway, in such places as tunnels, curves, junctions, or other positions which
may be considered dangerous, the apparatus shown in Fig. 1, and also in
attaching to the engine another kind of apparatus Fig. 2, which is acted upon
by the former. Upon the guards van or tender of the engine is fixed a wheel,
which is capable of being elevated or depressed by means of a vertical screw
and handle; upon the wheel being lowered sufficiently to strike or depress the
boss A, Fig. 1, the rope B is pressed down, and the drum or pulley C is caused
to revolve sufficiently to raise the shaft or striking apparatus D to the height
shewn in dotted lines, and to be acted upon by the arm E, Fig. 2, fixed upon
the locomotive; upon this arm being struck it is turned round, and by means
of the strap F the shaft G is caused to revolve, which revolution, by means of

page_text: the bevil gearing H, opens the tap of the whistle I. A train entering a tunnel
would pass the shaft D without striking it, and upon its arrival at the boss A
the rope B would be depressed and the shaft raised, and kept so by means of
the weight upon the drum or pulley C. Should a train not be following at
the same time, the train, upon its arrival at the end of the tunnel, would act
upon a similar apparatus, which is a continuation of the rope K, and the drum
or pulley being again reversed, the shaft D descends to its former position, and
out of action. Should a second train arrive at the shaft previous to the first
passing the boss at the end of the tunnel, the arm E, Fig. 2, comes in contact
with the shaft D, and opens the whistle on the engine, and would give notice
of the proximate danger.
AN IMPROVED METHOD OF PRODUCING SIGNALS IN RAILWAY TRAINS BY MEANS OF AIR
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Heppell at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th December
1856.
I, GEORGE HEPPELL, of Uttoxeter, in the County of Stafford, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD OF
PRODUCING SIGNALS IN RAILWAY TRAINS BY MEANS OF AIR," to be as follows:-
I fix within or on any one or all of the carriages forming the train an air
pump and receiver, made so as to withstand a high pressure, say, one hundred
and fifty or two hundred pounds upon each square inch of surface, or more or
less as the case may require, having safety valves, and all the other necessary
parts required in pumps for high pressures. This pump, which I use for forcing
air within the receiver, I propose to work by means of a suitable apparatus, con-
necting it with the axle of the carriage when in motion, and so arranged as to
be easily and quickly thrown into action and out of action. The receiver, by
means of a pipe and stop-cock, or otherwise, can at will be put in commu-
nication with a whistle, trumpet, or other similar arrangement, placed outside
the carriage, so that when a signal is required to be made, the communication
between the receiver and the whistle or trumpet being op'ned, the air, rushing
from the receiver and striking upon the whistle or trumpet, produces a sound
which may be heard by any person in the train. By regulating the intensity,
length, and number of these sounds a code of signals may be constructed.
AN INSTRUMENT FOR ANIMATING STEREOSCOPIC FIGURES
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Adam Dunin Jundzill at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th May 1856.
I, ADAM DUNIN JUNDZILL, Civil Engineer, living in London, No. 18,
Portugal Street, Lincoln's Inn Fields, County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN INSTRUMENT FOR ANIMATING
STEREOSCOPIC FIGURES," to be as follows:-
This Invention, for which I request a Patent, is an application of the
stereoscope to the apparatus well known under the name of phanakisticope or
sobroscope, invented by Plateau; the last shews the figures in motion. My
apparatus makes the figures which stand out by the stereoscope to be seen in
motion; this is its description:-
Two round cartoons, with figures of phanakisticope set in the same manner
and symetrically, are put in motion by means of a crank which gives them a
speed perfectly identical. A small pasteboard wheel, bored on the edge, is put
in motion by the same crank in such a manner that its speed be the same as
that of the aforesaid two cartoons with figures. Two stereoscope glasses are
set into their frames forward the bored wheel, and are placed in such a manner
that both eyes may see the two figures reflected in a looking glass which is set
before the apparatus. Therefore, when any one intends to use the apparatus,

page_text: he will begin by setting it at such a distance from the looking glass that the
figures motionless be confounded, and stand out as in the stereoscope. Then
the crank will be put in motion. The two cartoons with figures being
identical, and their speed being the same, it is obvious that their effect will be
the same as in the phanakisticope, and therefore the figures will be seen in
natural motion.
My new apparatus is called by me kinimoscope, what means to see the motion.
The kinimoscope consists in the application of stereoscope to phanakisticope.
Therefore I can use any means to put the cartoons in motion, either a shank
or an endless screw, a crank, a watch movement, &c.; all these means are
included into my Invention.
AN IMPROVED PUMP FOR PUMPING, RAISING, OR FORCING WATER OR OTHER LIQUID
Year: 1856

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John James Leaver at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
September 1856.
I, JOHN JAMES LEAVER, of No. 17, York Street, Rotherhithe, in the County
of Surrey, Mechanic, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED PUMP FOR PUMPING, RAISING, OR FORCING WATER OR OTHER LIQUID,"
to be as follows:-
First, that this Invention is applicable to all the several purposes for which
pumps are used, as marine pumps for ships or vessels of all descriptions, for land
or floating fire engines, for mining and house purposes, and for beer engines.
The Invention consists in and has reference more particularly to the working
chamber or cylinder of the pump, being connected at each end with the suction
pipe, also having a discharge valve at each end, whereby the down stroke is
as effective as the up, the least motion of the piston causing a vacuum at one
or other end of the cylinder, and discharging from one or other of the discharge
valves; by this means the effect is double that of a common pump. The motion
can be applied by either levers, cranks, or wegees, and the external configu-
ration suited to position and circumstances without detriment to the Invention.
IMPROVED APPARATUS APPLICABLE TO FURNACES, FIRE GRATES, FIRE-PLACES, OR STOVES, FOR THE PURPOSE OF ECONOMISING FUEL AND HEAT
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Brown and George Brown at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
22nd April 1856.
We, PETER BROWN, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Corn
Merchant, and GEORGE BROWN, of the same Place, Corn Merchant, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS APPLICABLE
TO FURNACES, FIRE GRATES, FIRE-PLACES, OR STOVES, FOR THE PURPOSE OF
ECONOMISING FUEL AND HEAT," to be as follows:-
The improved apparatus is principally designed for the purpose of economising
fuel, and also increasing or economising heat, as the peculiar local or other
circumstances may require, which is principally effected by reserving all the
smaller particles of unconsumed coal or fuel, which would otherwise be lost, as
well as all the partially consumed fuel in the condition of cinders, but capable
of evolving further heat by re-combustion.
The Invention consists in the novel and peculiar arrangement of a retainer,
or separator, in combination with a dust and residue receiver, so that the larger
unburnt or partially burnt particles or portions of fuel may be separated, and
retained from the refuse dust and ashes, such separation leaving them in a
suitable state to be re-burnt, or again submitted to the action of the fire.
The principle of construction will be the same, whether the apparatus be

page_text: applied to manufacturing or domestic purposes, and consists in placing between
the bottom of the fire and the dust or residue receiver, or ordinary ash-pit,
either a series of narrow ribs or bars of metal in the form of a grid, or a
moveable tray or separator of metal, perforated or gridded; or the said separator
may be formed of wirework, or any other suitable substitute that will effect
the desired object. Above this separator may or may not be placed a series of
reflectors, placed at an angle similar to "louvre boards;" these reflectors may
either be fixed or allowed to move on pivots, and be capable of adjustment by
stops, so as to throw the rays of heat back into the fire at any angle, and thus
economise and increase the heat, and the apparatus may also be constructed to
regulate the draft of the fire. It will now be understood that the cinders,
dust, small coal, &c. will fall through these reflectors when used onto the
separator, through which the refuse or dust, &c. will fall into the receiver or
ash-pit, and leave the unburnt or partially consumed particles or portions of
fuel in a suitable state for re-burning, or being again submitted to the action
of the fire.
The smaller details of construction and arrangement, and the dimensions of
the apparatus, will be governed and regulated according to the necessary re-
quirement of circumstances, and the apparatus may be made of wrought or
cast metal, or other suitable substances or materials.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF INSTANTANEOUS LIGHTS, WHEN OF PAPER OR COTTON
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Hynam at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th May 1856.
I, JOHN HYNAM, of 6 and 7, Princes Square, Wilson Street, Finsbury,
do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF INSTANTANEOUS LIGHTS, WHEN OF PAPER OR COTTON," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object an improvement in the manufacture of
instantaneous lights, when of paper or cotton, and the improvement consists
of applying amorphous phosphorous in combination with paper saturated with
nitrate of potash; and also in combination with cotton saturated or coated
with wax and stearine, in place of the ordinary phosporous now employed for
like purposes.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF EMBOSSING CLOTH OR OTHER FABRICS
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Charles Mann and
Frederick John Ingram at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 31st December 1856.
We, WILLIAM CHARLES MANN and FREDERICK JOHN INGRAM, of East
Parade, Leeds, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED MODE OF EMBOSSING CLOTH OR OTHER FABRICS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to a mode and means of embossing cloth and other
fabrics, in the manner herein-after described. Our press consists of a double
box, to which pressure may be applied by means of a screw or lever, on the
principle of a letter copying press. Into the lower box red-hot "heaters" are
put, and in the upper box the engraved cast, or otherwise patterned plates, are
placed; when these are warm, the cloth or other fabric is to be placed on the
plates and pressure applied, when embossed impressions will be obtained.
Instead of or with "heaters," gas or steam may be used for heating the
plates.
NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR APPLYING STEAM POWER TO THE PLOUGHING OF LAND AND OTHER AGRICULTURAL OPERATIONS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Hawkes at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th November
1856.
I, WILLIAM HAWKES, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "NEW OR IMPROVED
MACHINERY FOR APPLYING STEAM POWER TO THE PLOUGHING OF LAND AND OTHER
AGRICULTURAL OPERATIONS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of the machinery herein-after described to be attached
to the ordinary portable engine, and applied to the ploughing of land and other
agricultural operations. I make the tractile power act in a direct line upon
the implement to be moved, the engine being placed lengthways with the line
of draught. Two pullies or drums of large diameter are worked alternately
by a pinion being made to engage alternately in spur wheels on the said
pullies. The implement is drawn backwards and forwards across the field by
means of a rope or chain working over a snatch pulley attached to an anchor
carriage placed on the opposite side of the field. The engine is upon wheels
at right angles to its longitudinal axis, and both the engine and anchor carriage
are moved from time to time by means of chains made fast at one end and
coiled over pullies worked by the engine.
AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN BOATS FOR INLAND NAVIGATION
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Bishton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th September
1856.
I, WILLIAM BISHTON, of Wolverhampton, in the County of Stafford, Timber
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT
OR IMPROVEMENTS IN BOATS FOR INLAND NAVIGATION," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of an improvement or improvements in boats used
for navigation on canals, and propelled by steam or other motive power. The
said improvement or improvements being so constructing the said boats that
the paddle wheels shall occupy a position at the stern of the boat. The
position of the paddle wheels at the stern of the boat preserves the boat of
the ordinary width, and also exposes the paddle wheels less to injury than
when the said paddle wheels are placed on either side of the boat. I construct
a rail or fence around the paddle wheel at the end of the boat, so as to defend
the said paddle wheel from injury.
IMPROVEMENTS IN METALLIC AND ELASTIC PACKING
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Victor Delperdange at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
December 1856.
I, VICTOR DELPERDANGE, Engineer, of Rue Verte, No. 125, Schaerbeeck,
near Brussels, in the Kingdom of Belgium, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN METALLIC AND ELASTIC PACKING," to be
as follows:-
These improvements in metallic packing for piston rods and other similar
purposes consist of a combination of concentric rings fitted round the piston
rod in the ordinary packing box, the extremities of which rings have a conical,
spherical, or other suitable form, permitting them to glide over each other, and
thereby to press on other suitable rings of vulcanized india-rubber or other
suitable material, by which latter the passing of air or any other elastic fluid
between the piston rod and the packing is intercepted.
AN IMPROVED TOY FOR THE USE OF CHILDREN
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Adolphe Emanuel Huart at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
November 1856.
I, ADOLPHE EMANUEL HUART, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED TOY FOR THE USE OF CHILDREN," to be as.
follows:-
I propose to prepare a casing either of caoutchouc, silk, or other suitable
substance or material, in such manner that when distended it will take the
shape of a ball; a portion of the material is to be gathered together, so as to
form a neck. I propose to inflate this casing with hydrogen (or other) gas,
and then secure the neck aforesaid, in the most convenient and secure manner.
A cord or string will be fastened to this neck, either by insertion, or by
enclosing the stuff therein, and the whole will be covered by one or more coats
of varnish. When this toy is so made, it will be self-suspensive as a balloon,
and the child moves it about at pleasure with the string. The extreme light-
ness of this toy will allow of its use in drawing rooms and other places where
other toys would be inadmissable.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REGU- LATING THE PRESSURE AND FLOW OF GASEOUS FLUIDS
Year: 1856

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Farrar and Henry Spencer
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,, with their Petition, on
the 6th August 1856.
We, JAMES FARRAR, of Bury, in the County of Lancaster, Agent, and
HENRY SPENCER, of Rochdale, in the same County, Agent, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REGU-
LATING THE PRESSURE AND FLOW OF GASEOUS FLUIDS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates, firstly, to apparatus for regulating the pressure and
flow of gas through pipes or other chambers, so as to maintain a uniform
pressure or supply to the burners; and consists in the adaptation of a valve to
the inlet or outlet pipe or other chamber, which is perfectly free in its action,
and not liable to stick or get fast to its seat. To accomplish this object, the
valve is formed with a cylindrical dish or tube, having conical or V-shaped
openings at its lower edge or end, which dips into mercury or other fluid con-
tained in a cistern or chamber formed around the end of the inlet or outlet
pipes or chambers aforesaid, so that the valve in its motion will, by means of
the conical or V-shaped openings, shut off and regulate the pressure and flow
of the gas to the burners when actuated by a lever or other means in con-
nexion with the apparatus, partaking of the back pressure of the gas not
required to be consumed at the burners..

page_text: Secondly, we adapt an apparatus to the ordinary taps or cocks used for
regulating the pressure and flow of gas through pipes or other chambers, which
apparatus is capable of being adjusted to the extent the cocks or taps are
required to be opened.
For this purpose we attach an adjustable stop piece or part to the pipes or
other chambers, which, when set, will regulate the extent of opening of the
cocks or taps, as above described.
Our Invention is also applicable for regulating the pressure and flow of
steam and other gaseous fluids.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1856

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Batchelor at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th December
1856.
I, HENRY BATCHELOR, of Newport, Monmouthshire, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM BOILERS,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the construction of vertical steam boilers, and
consists in a novel arrangement effected by making and fitting together a
series of cylindrical vessels or tubes of large diameter one within the other and
connected together alternately at top and bottom, and by which arrangement
or combination annular water spaces and flue spaces are formed, and a series
of large, plain, and uniform heating surfaces are thus exposed to the direct or
secondary action of the fire, thus enabling considerable economy to be effected
in the consumption of fuel, in the time required for getting up steam, and
in the first cost of construction, and in the after cost of repairs, as compared
with vertical multitubular boilers. By forming boilers in the manner herein
described with a series of vertical thin water spaces, a larger steam space or
steam chest may be constructed within the boiler, and wherefrom the steam
may be taken thoroughly dry.

page_text: The boiler is constructed that every part of it may be got at for the purpose
of examination, cleaning, or repairs; the internal cylinders, cases, or tubes can
readily be removed at pleasure, somewhat in the manner of drawing out
a telegraph, and the joints.made steam-tight with facility.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ORNAMENTING OR TRIMMING ARTICLES OF OUTER ATTIRE, SUCH AS DRESSES, MANTLES, BONNETS, AND THE LIKE
Year: 1856

page_text: who was
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Jay and George Smith at
the Office of tho Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
22nd August 1856.
We, SAMUEL JAY and GEORGE SMITH, both of No. 246, Regent Street, in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion of "IMPROVEMENTS IN ORNAMENTING OR TRIMMING ARTICLES OF OUTER ATTIRE,
SUCH AS DRESSES, MANTLES, BONNETS, AND THE LIKE," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in ornamenting or trimming articles of outer attire
with enamelled or coloured leather (or imitation leather), of suitable or tasteful
colors, to the color of the material of which the dress, mantle, bonnet, or
such like attire may be made.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE VALVES OF STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Cawood, James Beeson,
William Smith, and Richard Henchley at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 12th December 1856.
We, JOHN CAWOOD, JAMES BEESON, WILLIAM SMITH, and RICHARD HENCHLEY,
all of Derby, in the County of Derby, do hereby declare the nature of the said.
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE VALVES OF STEAM ENGINES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to slide valves which work or move in a circular
direction, and are employed for covering and uncovering the ports or openings
in the cylinders of steam engines, and by which the steam enters and passes
out for imparting reciprocating or rotary motion to the piston, according as the
engine is either a reciprocating engine or a rotatory engine.
We are aware of slide valves having heretofore been employed for the
above purpose, but such said slide valves have simply moved in an arc of a
circle, and have therefore been attended with the same objection that ordinary
reciprocating slide valves have possessed, namely, the speedy wear of the face of
the metal against which the valves slide, and consequently considerable friction
has been necessary to keep the contact surfaces of such rubbing parts always
steam-tight. We propose, therefore, by these improvements to remedy the above
objections, by causing the valve to move or revolve over the entire surface of
the fixed surface with which it is in contact instead of imparting alternate
circular movement thereto, ns above stated, whereby we enable the steam to

page_text: be worked more expansively than heretofore, and consequently effect a saving
in fuel. Moreover, by causing the valve to revolve over the entire rubbing
surface with which it is in contact, the wear is uniformly distributed over the
same, and consequently less friction of the parts is necessary to maintain them
steam-tight, and hence there is a saving of power effected in the working of
the slide valve. Suitable mechanism is connected with the said slide valve,
and the engine imparting rotatory motion to said valve, and the ports or
openings leading into the cylinder are suitably formed so as to act at the
proper times for imparting motion to the piston of the engine.
There is a rotating piston employed as a clutch in connection with said
slide valve, against which said piston the steam presses for keeping the rubbing
surfaces in close contact, the exposed surface for the steam to act against
being considerably less than the surface of the valve, so as to reduce the
friction as much as possible. The above valve is applicable to all kinds of
steam engines.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ILLUMINATING GAS
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Friedrich Heinrich Rudolf Scheller
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th September 1856.
I, FRIEDRICH HEINRICH RUDOLF SCHELLER, of Vienna, in the Empire of
Austria, Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ILLUMINATING GAS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to a mode of obtaining a greater yield of illuminating
gas from a given quantity of coal than is obtained by the ordinary mode of
distilling coals. To this end I carry on the distillatory process, as heretofore,
for a given period, according to the quality of coal employed, and when the
gas given off begins to fail in its illuminating power, I conduct into the retorts
a suitable quantity of the tar which was given off at the earlier part of the
process, or during a former operation. Or, instead of introducing the tar in a
fluid state into the retorts, I collect it into a boiler or still, and subject it to
heat, for the purpose of vaporizing the volatile parts, and these I then conduct
to the retorts, the heat in which will quickly convert them into a rich gas. By
this means the poor gas distilled from the partially exhausted coal will be
enriched, and that at the expense of the hitherto valueless product of gas tar.
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF LIFE BOAT
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Vincent Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th June 1856.
I, ALFRED VINCENT NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Mechanical Draughtsman, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF LIFE BOAT,"
to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to construct a life boat that cannot be
capsized in any sea, and will permit of being navigated with facility and without
danger to the crew. To this end a cylindrical vessel, made of metal or other
proper material, and of suitable capacity, is provided, and mounted within an
open framing formed of air-tight chambers. This framing takes, in plan view,
a form somewhat like that of a boat; and it is fitted at is opposite sides with
ducks-foot propellers, and at the stern with a rudder, and a toothed segment for
working it. The central space of this framing or outer boat is open at top and
bottom, and enclosed within it (but not wholly covered by it) is the cylindrical
vessel or inner boat, which is supported on trunnions set in a line with the axis
of the cylinder. The cylinder is open at its upper side to admit the crew and
passengers, but it may be closed by sliding-shutters-when required, suitable
provision being made for ventilation. When a sea strikes the boat the buoyant

page_text: outer frame may be turned over on its centres without affecting the position of
the central cylinder. To allow for this change of position a double set
of paddles is provided; and the rudder also is made so as to act in either
position. A reciprocating motion is given to the paddles from the inner boat
or vessel by means of a reciprocating rod, which passes through the forward
trunnion, and is connected to a pair of rock levers; and the working of the
rudder is effected through a rod which passes through the hind trunnion, and
is fitted at its inner end with a steering wheel, and at its outer end with a bevil
pinion in gear with the segment rack on the rudder stem.
AN IMPROVED KNITTING MACHINE
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Perron and Victor Boulland
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the
1st May 1856.
We, CHARLES PERRON and VICTOR BOULLAND, of Paris, in the Empire of
France, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
KNITTING MACHINE," to be as follows:-
The pieces in which the square machine we use for manufacturing knit
fabrics consist, are completely independent of one another, and to operate this
machine both hands and feet must be at work. Five distinct movements are
required to take place in order to obtain each row of meshes, and the thread
designed to form the fabric is led and directed manually.
Our improved machine is of a quite new form and arrangement, as well as
the various pieces it consists of. These are connected with one another, and
set in motion by means of a crank or a pulley adjusted on the side of the
machine. The various movements required for obtaining the fabric take
place all at once and instantly, without any interval of time being left between
the end of a row of meshes and the coming up of the next. The whole set of
spindles is moveable, and the fabric at work adjoining the spindles is laid
behind the plates or bands. When it is desired to unmask the fabric a lever
is pressed, which lifts the plates and drives the fabric towards the point of the
spindles.
The thread that is to form the fabric is directed to and laid upon the
spindles by a finger adherent to a trestle, which lifts the plates on its sliding

page_text: travel on bars; the lower part of the said finger on which the thread is hooked
is curved, and exactly comes to the spindles.
The trestle fastened by straps that engage pulleys is set in motion by means
of a lever, fitted vertically and in connection with the crank or the pulley; a
small pinion rotating along a rack secured on the side of the lower arm of the
said lever increases or lessens at will the length of the arm, thereby increasing
or diminishing of a corresponding quantity the travel of the trestle.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN TREATING WASH-WATERS IN ORDER TO PRECIPITATE THE GREASY AND SOAPY MATTERS CONTAINED THEREIN
Year: 1856

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry George Yates at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th May
1856. A communication.
I, HENRY GEORGE YATES, of East Smithfield, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVEMENT IN TREATING WASH-WATERS IN ORDER TO PRECIPITATE THE GREASY
AND SOAPY MATTERS CONTAINED THEREIN," (communicated to me by a foreigner
residing abroad,) to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in precipitating the greasy and soapy matters con-
tained in water, in which wool, cotton, and other substances have been cleansed
or washed, by means of rock salt, sulphate of zinc, and arsenic; the supernatant
liquor is drawn off, and the precipitated greasy and soapy matters are easily
collected from the bottom of the vessel in which the operation has been
performed.
AN IMPROVED GOVERNOR FOR STEAM AND OTHER ENGINES REQUIRING GOVERNORS
Year: 1856

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William John Simons at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th
January 1856.
I, WILLIAM JOHN SIMONS, of Royston, in the County of Herts, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED GOVERNOR
FOR STEAM AND OTHER ENGINES REQUIRING GOVERNORS" to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the employment of springs or thin blades of metal
or other suitable material instead of levers to carry weights.. One form of
governor constructed according to my Invention consists of two springs or
blades of steel, each bent into the shape of a semicircle, and united at top to a
boss affixed to a spindle; the other ends are joined at bottom to a collar, frec
to slide up and down the spindle. At a point about equidistant from each
end of each blade I affix a heavy ball or weight.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BRAKES FOR RAILWAYS
Year: 1856

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexandre Depai at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th June
1856.
I, ALEXANDRE DEPAI, 53, Rue de Bercy, Paris, do hereby declare the
nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BRAKES FOR RAILWAYS," to be
as follows:-
This Invention consists in so arranging the brakes of a railway train that
at the will of the guard, or other person, skids or shoes may be brought under
the wheels of each of the carriages composing the train. For this purpose
a horizontal shaft is employed, which passes the whole length of the train,
and it is suitably coupled between the carriages. On this shaft, within the
frame of each carriage, are fixed drums, from which chains pass to levers,
which at their lower ends carry the skids or shoes. When the shaft is
allowed to turn, so as to unwind the chains from the drums, the skids or
shoes drop under the wheels, and when the shaft is turned so as to wind up
the chains, the skids or shoes are raised, and when up they are prevented
from again descending by a lever or instrument which locks the handle, by
which motion is given to the shaft; and I arrange apparatus by the side of
the line of railway, at a short distance from each station, which displaces this
locking lever, and sets the shaft free, so as to bring the skids under the
wheels.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ELASTIC MATTRESSES AND CUSHIONS
Year: 1856

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescriba
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Antoine Gizard at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
25th March 1856.
I, LOUIS ANTOINE GIZARD, of 39, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, in the Empire
of France, and of 4, South Street, Finsbury, London, do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN ELASTIC MATTRESSES AND
CUSHIONS," to be as follows, that is to say:-
My Invention consists in substituting for the iron springs in mattresses
pieces of caoutchouc of the shape shewn in Figure 3. Each piece is about
three inches long by two inches wide, and is terminated at its two extremities
by two rings, of which the first is traversed by a small rod resting on the cross
piece of the mattress (Figures 1 and 2), and the other receives a cylinder
which presses at will. The end of the cylinder is surmounted by a wooden
head piece, moveable in all directions, and of about two and a half inches in
breadth. The cylinder passes into the cross piece of the mattress, and its
extremity is retained by the piece of caoutchoue at the lower part. Above
the cylinder the bedding is placed. It is also applicable to cushions, chairs,
and other like purposes.
IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR SEPARATING DIFFERENT KINDS OR QUALITIES OF SEED AND GRAIN FROM EACH OTHER
Year: 1856

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Palmer at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th October
1856.
I, JOHN PALMER, of Stockton-on-Tees, in the County of Durham, Agricul-
tural Implement Dealer and Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR SEPARATING DIFFERENT KINDS
OR QUALITIES OF SEED AND GRAIN FROM EACH OTHER," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the separation of seeds and different qualities of
grain from each other subsequently to their having undergone the winnowing
operation. To effect this object I propose to apply to the well-known cylin-
drical screen longitudinal partitions, formed of wirework or pierced metal,
and extending from the axle to the periphery or near the periphery of the
cylinder. The use of these partitions is to distribute the grain (as it is fed
into the cylinder from a shoot connected or not with winnowing apparatus)
over the inner periphery of the screen, and thus to bring into simultaneous
action a more extended riddling or separating surface than is at present
available in the ordinary cylindrical screen, and also to place the individual
grains or seeds in the direction of the meshes or openings of the screen, and
thus faeilitate their discharge therefrom. The screen is provided with meshes
of two or three gradations, which increase in coarseness as they recede from
the supply hopper. In some cases I propose, instead of discharging the largest

page_text: or best seeds through the meshes: in the screen; to let them fall on to a vibrating
riddle set at the end of the rotating screen, and to discharge these seeds
through it, while stones and other large extraneous substances are carried
forward beyond the seed receptacle.. For the purpose of keeping the meshes
clear, I apply a steel wire brush to the outer surface of the cylinder, and as
the cylinder rotates these wires will thrust inwards any seeds, grain, or other
substance that may have stuck fast in the meshes.