IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FUEL, AND IN MACHINERY EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1885

page_text: TH
Machinery Employed therein.
I SAMUEL BUTLER, of No 127 Bute Road, Cardiff, in the County of Glamorgan,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FUEL, AND IN MACHINERY EMPLOYED
THEREIN " to be as follows:-
This Invention has reference to prior Letters Patent granted to me bearing date
the 12th day of April, A.D. 1884, No 6313, and consists in the employment of
apparatus whereby the materials are first steamed, and afterwards subjected to the
action of dry heat.
The invention is the combination of the two processes known to manufacturers
as steam and dry heat. The most common in use is the steam process which has
many advantages over dry heat, it however has a serious disadvantage which is
the condensation of steam in the mixture causing unsound blocks.
The feature of the Invention is the extraction of this moisture by subjecting the
mixture to dry heat after it has been prepared in the usual way by the injection
of steam.
The mixture is first passed into the steam pugg A which is a vertical cylinder of
wrought iron or other suitable material, into which it is received at the top and
delivered at the bottom through the sliding door B-C. C₁ are steam jets by which
steam is injected into the mixture. D is a shaft having fastened upon it agitators
for mixing. The mixture having passed from this pugg would under ordinary
circumstances be considered ready for pressing, but being contaminated with steam
and moisture I provide for its extraction by any of the following means:-
Firstly. I refer to Figure 1. E is a vertical cylinder of cast iron or. other
suitable material having a number of floors F. F. F. F.-There is a vertical shaft G
through the centre of the cylinder having upon it agitators, one working close over
the surface of each floor, by which the mixture is passed down from floor to floor
until it passes out through the bottom at H. The heat from an ordinary furnace
is passed into the cylinder at I and finding its way up from floor to floor through
the same holes that the mixture is descending, finally escaping at J taking away
with it the steam out of the mixture which goes to the stack.,
Secondly. I refer to Figure 2, where is given another mode of drying the
mixture after it has come from the steam pugg. In this case the mixture is-
conducted by a conveyor which may either be an endless band for carrying, or
scrapers on an endless band for dragging the mixture over a plate, thus conducting
it through a chamber into which the heat from a furnace is admitted at one end
and allowed to pass out at the other to the stack.

page_text: Thirdly. I refer to Figure 3. H is an iron cylinder or trough having through
its centre an archimedian screw or set of screws for conducting the mixture from
one end to the other the heat from a furnace being applied beneath or above or all
round.
Fourthly. I refer to Figure 4 which shews apparatus for scraping the mixture
over a surface which may be heated above or below, or both above and below.
This consists in a set of scrapers A fixed on the frame B. The frame B receives
reciprocal motion from the crank C. On the forward motion of the scrapers they
rest their weight on the surface plate D, but on the backward motion they are lifted
off the plate by the four cams E. E. E. E. on the shaft F which are geared to the
same speed as the crank shaft. The mixture is delivered onto the surface plate at
one end and is discharged at the other. The heat from an ordinary furnace is
admitted under the surface plate at G and passes from beneath to the chamber
above at H thence passing the length of the chamber finding exit to the stack at I.
Fifthly. I refer to Figure 5, shewing a manner of heating a surface by steam
jacket. There are two cylinders, one inside the other forming the space A between
the two which is kept full of steam preferably superheated. The mixture is
drawn through from one end to the other by the arms B secured on the shaft C.
This mode of heating a surface may be applied to any form of surface, flat,
cylindrical or otherwise, by providing a space beneath or outside it for steam.
I now describe a manner of applying dry heat to the mixture by injecting hot
blast into it. For this purpose, the same pugg as for steam may be used and as
fully described in reference to Figure 1. The air is first compressed in the ordinary
way and then passed through hot pipes or some form of stove by which it is
brought up to the required beat. It is then injected into the mixture in the same
way as described in reference to the process of heating by steam.
HUGHES & SON,
Agents for the Petitioner.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Artificial Fuel and in
Machinery Employed therein.
I SAMUEL BUTLER, of N° 127 Bute Road, Cardiff, in the County of Glamorgan,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FUEL, AND IN MACHINERY EMPLOYED 3
THEREIN and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This Invention has reference to prior Letters Patent granted to me bearing date
the 12th day of April, A.D. 1884, N° 6313, and consists in the employment of

page_text: apparatus whereby the materials are first steamed and afterwards subjected to the
action of dry heat.
The invention is the combination of the two processes known to manufacturers
as steam and dry beat.
The most common in use is the steam process which has many advantages over
dry heat, it however has a serious disadvantage which is the condensation of steam
in the mixture causing unsound blocks. The feature of this Invention is the
extraction of this moisture by subjecting the mixture to dry heat after it has been
prepared in the usual way by the injection of steam.
The mixture is first passed into the steam pugg A which is a vertical cylinder of
wrought iron or other suitable material, into which it is received at the top and
delivered at the bottom through the sliding door B. C. C' are steam jets by which
steam is injected into the mixture. D is a shaft having fastened upon it agitators
for mixing. The mixture having passed from this pugg would under ordinary
circumstances be considered ready for pressing but being contaminated with steam
and moisture I provide for its extraction by any of the following means.
First, I refer to Figure 1, E is a vertical cylinder of cast iron or other suitable
material having a number of floors F. F. F. F. There is a vertical shaft G through
the centre of the cylinder having upon it agitators, one working close over the
surface of each floor by which the mixture is passed down from floor to floor until
it passes out through the bottom at H.
The heat from an ordinary furnace is passed into the cylinder at I and finding
its way up from floor to floor through the same holes that the mixture is descending,
finally escaping at J taking away with it the steam out of the mixture which goes
to the stack.
Secondly, I refer to Figure 2 where is given another mode of drying the mixture
after it has come from the steam pugg. In this case the mixture is conducted by a
conveyor which may either be an endless band for dragging the mixture over
a plate, thus conducting it through a chamber into which the heat from a furnace
is admitted at one and allowed to pass out at the other to the stack.
Thirdly, I refer to Figure 3. H is an iron cylinder or trough having through its
centre an archimedian screw or set of screws for conducting the mixture from one
end to the other, the heat from a furnace being applied beneath or above or
all round.
Fourthly, I refer to Figure 4, which shews apparatus for scraping the mixture
over a surface which may be heated above or below, or both, above and below.
This consists in a set of scrapers A fixed on the frame B. The frame B receives
reciprocal motion from the crank C. On the forward motion of the scrapers they
rest their weight on the surface plate D but on the backward motion they are lifted
off the plate by the four cams E. E. E. E. on the shafts F which are geared to the
same speed as the crank shaft. The mixture is delivered on to the surface plate at
one end and is discharged at the other. The heat from an ordinary furnace is
admitted under the surface plate at G and passes from beneath to the chamber
above at H, thence passing the length of the chamber finding exit to the
stack at I.
Fifthly, I refer to Figure 5, shewing a manner of heating a surface by steam
jacket. There are two cylinders, one inside the other forming the space A between
the two which is kept full of steam preferably superheated. The mixture is drawn
through from one end to the other by the arms B secured on the shaft C.
This mode of heating a surface may be applied to any form of surface, flat,
cylindrical or otherwise, by providing a space beneath or outside it for steam.
I now describe a manner of applying dry heat to the mixture by injecting hot
blast into it. For this purpose the same pugg as for steam may be used and as
fully described in reference to Figure 1. The air is first compressed in the
ordinary way and then passed through hot pipes or some form of stove by which
it is brought up to the required heat. It is then injected into the mixture in the
same way as described in reference to the process of heating by steam.

page_text: Having thus particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I would have it
understood that what I claim is
1. The treatment of Patent Fuel mixture with dry heat after it has been
subjected to the process of heating by steam, substantially as shewn and described.
2. The use of a surface of iron or other suitable material kept hot by passing.
heat from a furnace either beneath or above it, or both beneath and abovo, over
which the Patent Fuel mixture is made to pass after it has been subjected to the
process of heating by steam, substantially as shewn and described.
3. The appliances described in reference to Figure 1 for propelling Patent Fuel
mixture over a heated surface after such.mixture has been subjected to the process
of heating by steam, substantially as shewn and described.
4. The appliances described in reference to Figure 2 for propelling Patent Fuel
mixture over a heated surface after such mixture has been subjected to the process
of heating by steam, substantially as shewn and described.
5. The appliances described in reference to Figure 3 for propelling Patent Fuel
mixture over a heated surface after such mixture has been subjected to the process
of heating by steam; substantially as shewn and described.
6. The appliances described in reference to Figure 4 for propelling. Patent Fuel
mixture over a heated surface after such mixture has been subjected to the process
of heating by steam, substantially as shewn and described.
7. The use of a conveyor for Patent Fuel carrying, or dragging the mixture
through the heat from a furnace after it has been subjected to the process of
heating by steam, substantially as shewn and described.
8. The use of a surface of iron or other suitable material kept hot by steam
jacket over which the Patent Fuel Mixture is made to pass after it has been
subjected to the process of heating by steam, substantially as shewn and described.
9. The use of appliances described in reference to Figures 1. 2. 3. 4 and 5, for
propelling the mixture over a surface heated by a steam jacket after it has been
subjected to the process of heating by steam, substantially as shewn and described.
10. The use of a hot air blast brought into contact with the mixture after it has
been subjected to the process of heating by steam, substantially as shewn and
described.