CERTAIN. IM- PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF STEAM. PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF STEAM.
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Fennell Allman; of Cambridge Terrace, in the Count
of Middlesex, Consulting Engineer, for the Invention of "CERTAIN. IM-
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF STEAM.
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF STEAM.
151
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Fennell Allman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd November 1855.
I, FENNELL ALLMAN, of Cambridge Terrace, in the County of Middlesex,
Consulting Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF STEAM" to be
as follows:-
The Invention may be generally described as being the production or gene-
ration of steam in two or more vessels, which vessels for clearness in description
I shall define as follows:-By boiler I mean a vessel in which both steam and
water are used; by chamber I mean a vessel which contains only steam, and
to which heat is not necessarily applied; by calorifier I mean a vessel which
contains steam, and to which heat is applied. In the following arrangement
three vessels are used; the boiler, chamber, and calorifier. The steam is
generated from the water in the boiler, and from thence is emitted by a valve,
cock, or other suitable contrivance into the chamber, which it fills; but the
chamber has another valve or cock, which is opened into the third vessel or

page_text: calorifier after the valve, cock, or other suitable contrivance leading from the
boiler to the receiver or chamber is shut, so that only the amount of steam
contained in such chamber can at one time or one opening of the valves be
admitted from the boiler through the intermediate chamber into the calorifier.
The action of such an arrangement is as follows:-The steam being raised in
the boiler as in the ordinary way, is passed into the chamber, the use of
which chamber is to measure the steam, or allow only a certain amount to pass
from the boiler, and to prevent the steam from the calorifier from returning
back to the boiler, except what may pass into the boiler on the closing of the
valve or cock at the end of the chamber admitting the steam into the calorifier,
and on the opening of the valve or cock admitting the steam from the boiler to
the chamber at each opening of the valve. The chamber being full, and the
valve then shut communicating with the boiler, the steam from the chamber is
allowed by a valve to flow into the calorifier, in which it receives an extra dose
or amount of heat or caloric; from the calorifier it is emitted to the engine or
apparatus which it is intended to move, or for other required purposes.
By this arrangement it will be seen that the calorifier is never in direct
communication with the boiler, and that the chamber is alternately in com-
munication with the boiler and calorifier. This intermediate chamber prevents
the dry steam in the calorifier passing back into the boiler, or more than a
certain definite quantity of steam entering the calorifier from the boiler. With
respect to the form and construction of such vessels, the boiler may be of the
ordinary construction; the chamber, any conveniently shaped vessel, made suffi-
ciently strong to resist steam at very high pressures; and the calorifier of
similar strength, and having a large amount of fire surface, so as to heat the
steam rapidly. The valves or cocks herein described may be worked by hand
gear, or by the motion of the machinery the steam is applied to. I may employ
more than one calorifier if I require steam of various pressures or tempera-
ture. And I do not claim any particular form, shape, or dimensions for such
vessels, as such must be determined by the amount and pressure and tempera-
ture of steam required, and as the construction of such suitable vessels is well
understood; but I do claim as my Invention, the passing steam from the water
from which it is generated through a series of vessels separated by valves or
cocks, by some of which vessels the amount of steam emitted is regulated, and
heat or caloric is applied in others of such vessels, it being always understood
the communication between such vessels may be opened or shut by valves,
cocks, or other suitable contrivance.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Fennell Allman in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
1st May 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FENNELL
ALLMAN, of Cambridge Terrace, in the County of Middlesex, Consulting
Engineer; send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria; by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Third day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five, in the nineteenth year of Her
reigu, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Fennell Allman, Her special licence that I, the said Fennell
Allman, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Fennell Allman, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise; and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF STEAM," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said Fennell Allman; my executors or administra-
tors, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals; should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Fennell Allman, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings and
to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say) :-
=
The Invention may be generally described as being the production or gene-
ration of steam in two or more vessels, which vessels for clearness in description
I shall define as follows: By boiler I mean a vessel in which both steam and
water are used; by chamber I mean a vessel which contains only steam, and
to which heat is not necessarily applied; by calorifier I mean a vessel which
contains steam, and to which heat is applied. In the following arrangement
three vessels are used; the boiler, chamber; and calorifier. The steam is
generated from the water in the boiler, and from thence is emitted by a valve,

page_text: cock, or other suitable contrivance into the chamber, which it fills; but the
chamber has another valve or cock, which is opened into the third vessel or
calorifier after the valve, cock, or other suitable contrivance leading from the
boiler to the receiver or chamber is shut, so that only the amount of steam
contained in such chamber can at one time or one opening of the valves be
admitted from the boiler through the intermediate chamber into the calorifier.
The action of such an arrangement is as follows:-The steam being raised in
the boiler as in the ordinary way is passed into the chamber (the use of which
chamber is to measure the steam, or allow only a certain amount to pass from
the boiler, and to prevent the steam from the calorifier from returning back to
the boiler, except what may pass into the boiler on the closing of the valve or
cock at the end of the chamber admitting the steam into the calorifier, and on
the opening of the valve or cock admitting the steam from the boiler to the
chamber at each opening of the valve). The chamber being full, and the valve
communicating with the boiler then shut, the steam from the chamber is
allowed by a valve, cock, or other suitable contrivance to flow into the calorifier,
in which it receives an extra dose or amount of heat or caloric; from the
calorifier it is emitted to the engine or apparatus which it is intended to move,
or for other required purposes.
By this arrangement it will be seen that the calorifier is never in direct
communication with the boiler, and that the chamber is alternately in com-
munication with the boiler and calorifier. This intermediate chamber prevents
the dry steam in the calorifier passing back into the boiler, or more than a
certain definite quantity of steam entering the calorifier from the boiler. With
respect to the form and construction of such vessels, the boiler may be of
the ordinary construction; the chamber, any conveniently shaped vessel, made
sufficiently strong to resist steam of very high pressures; and the calorifier of
similar strength, and having a large amount of fire surface, so as to heat the
steam rapidly. The valves or cocks herein described may be worked by hand
gear, or by the motion of the machinery the steam is applied to.
I may
employ more than one calorifier if I require steam of various pressures or
temperature. And I do not claim any particular form, shape, or dimensions
for such vessels, as such must be determined by the amount and pressure
and temperature of steam required, and as the construction of such suitable
vessels is well understood.
Such being the nature of my Invention, I will proceed to describe by
reference to the accompanying Drawings an arrangement of apparatus suitable
for carrying my Invention into practice.

page_text: DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figures 1 and 2 exhibit transverse sections of boilers fitted with the improved
apparatus; and Figure 3, a vertical and longitudinal section of smoke box and
cylinder of locomotive.
In Figure 1, a, a, denotes the shell of boiler; b, b, the internal flue; c, c, c, c,
the calorifier; d, d, d, d, the chamber; e, e, e, e, a four-way cock, by which the
communication is obtained between the respective vessels. In the position in
which the cock is shewn in Drawing, the communication between the steam
space of boiler and the chamber is open, so that the steam from the boiler has
free access to the chamber through the pipe f, f. Now, by giving the cock a
right-hand movement it connects the chamber with the condensing pipe g, I,
and by continuing the the movement it opens the passage between the calorifier
c, c, c, c, and the chamber d, d, d, d. h is a self-acting clack valve, opening in
the direction of arrow, and one may also be placed in the steam pipe from the
calorifier to the machinery to be moved. Now, it will be evident, that the
chamber being filled with steam from the boiler through the cock in its present
position, that by giving the cock a right-hand movement, so as that the passage
in the cock will assume the position indicated by the dotted lines, that then the
communication between the chamber and the boiler will be shut, and the com-
munication between the chamber and the calorifier open, so that the steam
from the chamber passes into the calorifier, and there receives an extra dose of
heat. From the calorifier the steam is emitted for use, as to produce motion
in machinery, or for other purposes. Now, when the steam has so passed from
the chamber into the calorifier the cock receives a left-hand motion, by which
it is brought back to the position indicated in Drawing, successively uniting the
chamber d, d, d, d, with the pipe g, g, through which any dry steam passes from
the chamber into the water of the boiler; and, secondly, uniting the chamber
d, d, with the pipe f,f, through which the chamber receives a charge of steam
from the boiler, and then the above-explained movement of the cock is
repeated. The motion may be given to the cock e, e, e, e, by hand or by the
movement of the machinery. The capacity of the calorifier may be about one-
tenth of the steam space in the boiler, and the chamber about one-eighth of
the said steam space in the boiler. The calorifier is exhibited as being heated
by the boiler flue, but it may also be heated by a separate fire. A safety valve
may be attached to the calorifier.
Figure 2 exhibits a transverse section of boiler with double internal flues
u, a, b, b. In one of these flues b, b, the steam cylinder c, c, is placed, sur-

page_text: rounded by a jacket d, d. This jacket is used as a calorifier, as in c, c, c, c,
Figure 1, the chamber being placed in the steam space of the boiler, the
imanner of working and feeding such chamber and calorifier being the same as
in Figure 1, proper pipes being used to suit the alteration in the position of
the parts. By this arrangement the entire of draft of flame and hot air from
the furnace may be sent either wholly through either flue a, a, or b; b; or partly
through each, by having dampers at the mouth or the back of the flues. By
this means I regulate the amount of heat in the boiler or calorifier.
In Figure 3, a, a, a, a, denotes the calorifier; being a rectangular vessel, fitted
with tubes to correspond with the boiler tubes, so as to receive and conduct the
hot air and flame from the boiler tubes into the smoke box; c is the steam
passage from the steam space of the boiler, and united to the port b in the
chamber d, d;; b is the tube leading to the water of the boiler; e; e; is the
steam port, conducting the steam from the chamber to the calorifier; and f, f,
unites the calorifier with the cylinder; h, h, indicate the valves which close the
ports b, c, and e, e. By giving motion to the valve rod g, it will be evident
that the chamber d, d, will be alternately and successively connected with the
calorifier, as exhibited, and then with the passage b, leading to the water of the
boiler, and next to the tube c; leading to the steam space of the boiler. The
same end is obtained in this arrangement as in Figures 1 and 2, namely, that
of taking a definite quantity of steam from the boiler through the intermediate
vessel, cutting off the passage to the boiler, and allowing such steam to enter
the calorifier to receive an extra dose of heat. The relative size, strength, or
heating surface of the calorifier will depend on the dose of heat to be given, or
the extent to which the steam is to be surcharged with beat or desiccated,
all which is well understood by practical men. I prefer maintaining the
temperature of the metal of the calorifier at about 400 degrees of Fahrenheit;
but this may be varied, as is well understood; the amount of heat necessary
to maintain such temperature depending on the quantity of steam passing
through it. The form of the apparatus in Figure 2 enables this to be regu-
lated. Steam produced by an apparatus such as described may be used
on issuing from the calorifier, either alone or in combination with other
steam direct from the boiler, or not dried or desiccated; in the maimer
described. The mixture or combination of such dried or desiccated steam
with steam not so dried or desiccated will occasion a sudden increase in
the elastic force of the combined steam, available for motive power or
other uses.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner

page_text: the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I do not claim as
of my Invention or the exclusive use of any of the apparatus herein-before
described when taken separately; but I declare that what I claim as my
Invention is, the adapting apparatus for producing steam in a series of vessels
as above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Fennell Allman, have hereto set my
hand and seal, this Fourteenth day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
FENNELL ALLMAN. (L.s.)