Improved Methods of Fixing and Coupling Tubes, Cocks, and other analogous parts to other Tubes, Receptacles, or Reservoirs of any sort.
Year: 1891

page_text: Date of Application, 10th June, 1891
Complete Specification Left, 9th Mar., 1892-Accepted, 14th May, 1892
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improved Methods of Fixing and Coupling Tubes, Cocks, and other
analogous parts to other Tubes, Receptacles, or Reservoirs of
any sort.
I, NICHOLAS TVERSKOY of 22 Perspective Anglaise St. Petersburg, in the
Empire of Russia, Mechanical Engineer in the Russian Imperial Navy, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:
My inveation is essentially characterized by the special mode of fixing metallic
tubes, cocks and the like to boilers, steam chests, condenser chambers and in
general all sorts of reservoirs.
Commonly tube fittings and like parts are fixed in a permanent manner to one of
the walls of the boiler, of the steam chest or any other reservoir by the aid of
flanges or by screwing them into the walls or they are soldered or brazed to the
wall of the reservoir or they are let into corresponding openings in the walls.
According to my method the tube fittings.or appliances are fixed to the conduits
and reservoirs in a manner analogous to the mode of fixing the ties in steam boilers,
that is to say, the tubes are passed through the two opposite walls of the boiler or
of the reservoir and are then fixed in their place by the aid of nuts or of pins
placed on the outside of the walls, as is described further on and represented by the
annexed drawings.
The advantages realized by my method are the following:-a) They permit of
the pipe or appliances being attached to the reservoir in a prompt and durable
manner. b) Of easy removal of the pipe or appliance. c) The tubes, by con-
necting the opposite sides of the reservoir serve also as tics. d) Each tube may
be promptly and easily isolated by the introduction of a suitable plug, and e) The
mixture and circulation of the liquids, gases and vapours contained in the reservoir
and in these tubes is brought about in the desired direction.
Supposing that it is required to connect the pipes A. and B represented in
Figure 34. The pipe A is furnished at a suitable distance from its extremity E
with an enlargement or exterior projection a forming a stop against the wall of the
pipe B. The conduit B is furnished with two opposite orifices which allow of the
introduction of the end E of the pipe A as far as the stop a or as far as a suitable
washer C placed upon the pipe A and which bears against the projection a comes
to abut against the wall of the conduit B; then by screwing a nut or a cover G
upon the end E of the pipe A a perfectly solid connection of the two pipes A
and B is obtained. To render this joint tighter and more regular I place against
the wall of the conduit B on the one side and the projections or stops a and the
muts G on the other, bored washers CC following the form of the curved surfaces
of the conduit or reservoir B. Finally to render the assemblage perfectly tight
there is placed between the washers the walls of the conduits or of the reservoirs
the nuts and in general between all the parts of the assemblage, iron wires or
threads of asbestos or leather or gutta percha washers of appropriate form and
dimensions. In case of need these washers are placed in special cavities with
inclined sides, as is represented in the Figures 31, 32, 33 and others.
The part of the pipe A passing through the conduit B is furnished with
orifices of suitable form and dimensions by which the vapour, the gases or the
liquids can pass from the conduit Binto the pipe A and rice versa, this is also an
essential peculiarity of my invention for by modifying the forin, the dimensions
and the arrangement of the orifices o the liquids to be mixed may be directed
in any direction which may be desired.
If the walls of the conduit B are flat, or if the pipe A is to be connected with a
chamber or rectangular box, a boiler or in general with a reservoir of any sort with

page_text: flat walls (Figure 12, 31, 41, 52, 56, 62, 63) the employment of washers CC
becomes superfluous and the stops or projections à as well as the nuts G may bea
directly against the walls of the reservoir B. The projection a may itself have a
curved form corresponding to that of the walls of the reservoir B, and in this case
it may be applied directly against the curved wall of the reservoir or of the pipe B
without the intervention of washers CC. In either case the projection a may
have the form of a continuous belt (Figures 1, 2 and 28) or the stops may be
arranged in separate parts of the periphery of the pipe A (Figures 29 and 30).
The stop a may be formed as an enlargement of the wall of the pipe or as a
metallic ring, (Figures 2 and 28) soldered upon the pipe, or fixed upon this last in
the required place by the aid of a screw or rivets. The abutting surface of the
ring may be plain or to present a curve corresponding to that of the pipe B. The
stops may finally be formed by separate metallic pieces (Figures 29 and 30) with
plain or curved surfaces, arranged on the periphery of the pipe A and limiting the
length to which this pipe can engage with the pipe or reservoir B.
The stops a may be replaced by screws, rivets, nails or pieces of metal screwed,
rivetted, soldered or brazed to the wall of the pipe A at a suitable distance
(Figures 3, 4 and 5) so as only to permit the introduction of the extremity of the
pipe A into the conduit B up to a certain fixed pre-arranged limit. These screws,
rivets and nails may be lodged in the wall of the tube or may project into the
passage or again may traverse the tube from side to side (a a¹ Figure 3). The end
of the pipe A may be fashioned around (Figure 36) so as to present a smaller
diameter than the other part of the pipe, and to permit the introduction of this
extremity into the orifice of the conduit or reservoir B or of the washer C so
that the part of the pipe not so fashioned comes to abut against the wall of the
reservoir or against the washer C. The stop may also be formed by the corre
sponding part of a wedge appliance described further on (Figures 8, 43 and 49).
It is also possible to make pipes with the enlargements or projections with flat or
curved surfaces arranged at the places indicated or pipes of which one or the two
extremities has a smaller diameter than that of the other part of the pipe
(Figure 35) as is the practice for torpedo boiler tubes. The end of the tube
may be furnished along all its length with a screw thread, in this case one screws
upon the hinder part a tapped ring a (Figure 18) which plays the part of a stop
and then one connects the pipe A. to the conduit or reservoir B by the aid of a
nut or a pin. The purpose of these enlargements, rings, pins, rivets and the like
is to render impossible, whatever may be the pressure exerted by the nut or the
pin driven in the entrance of the extremity E (Figure 34) of the pipe A into
the orifice of the conduit or reservoir B beyond the pre-arranged limit, at
the same time ensuring a perfectly solid and tight connection of the pipes or of the
pipe with a reservoir by means of a nut or of a wedge (Figures 6 and 34). The
dimensions of the stop or projection a should be such that the stop cannot embed
itself, like a cone or wedge, in the orifice of the conduit B but so that it presses
upon as large a surface as possible of the metal or of the conduit or reservoir B
or of the washer C.
The form and the material employed for the manufacture of the nuts or covers G
may be varied indefinitely. The nuts or covers may be closed (Figures 1 and 2)
or pierced with several orifices which may be closed with plugs or with appropriate
cocks (Figures 14, 15, 16, 19, 20 and 40 and others). In general the form and
dimensions of the nuts plugs and orifices as well as the number of these latter may
vary according to need and according as it is proposed to close the pipe completely
or to facilitate its cleaning and inspection, or to fix upon the cover a tap or
pressure gauge or the like. It may be necessary to introduce a rod to close the
channel of a burst pipe, (e Figures 40 aud 62) or to leave the passage for the
introduction of a rod to actuate stop cocks or the like or if it be necessary to
introduce a tie of some sort (w Figure 42).
The connection of the pipes with the conduits or reservoirs can be made not only
by the aid of nuts or threaded covers but also by means of pins or wedges

page_text: Figures 0, 5, 43, ama others). In this case bie
side of the vapours or gases or liquids, by plugs or metallic discs (Figures 6, 60, 62
and others) arranged in front of the pin or upon its two sides (Figures 47 and 8).
If an exit for the gases or liquids has to be left, or if an opening is required for the
cleaning or inspection of the tube A. the pins or wedges are placed in frames or
special metallic boxes Z furnished with flanges and having a channel in the form of
a slit k for the passage of the pin 7 (Figures 38, 43, 44, 46, 48, 49). The flanges f
of the frame Z rest exactly against the interior surface of the pipe A and it is
evident that the exterior surface of the flanges should have the same contour
as that of the interior surface of the conduit or reservoir to which the flanges
are to be adapted. To render the joint perfectly tight, that is to say, to avoid
leakage of gases or liquids between the flanges of the frame Z and the interior
surface of the pipe A into the passage from whence it could escape to the
outside and consequently be lost, the corresponding surfaces of the flanges and of
the pipe A. can be recessed or soldered together, or closed or cemented by a layer
of suitable cement or mastic.
The frame as well as the plugs or metallic discs (when the pins are
employed without the frame 2) are fixed to the pipe A. by means of bolts or rivets,
or they are soldered or brazed to it, they may also be screwed and driven directly
into the passage of the pipe A by blows of a hammer; or they are fixed to the
interior metal of the pipe in any manner whatever. But whatever be the way in
which the frames and the plugs are fixed it is essential that their connection with
the walls of the pipe should be sufficiently solid to prevent their displacement
under the influence of the pressure of the pin driven in.
One of the faces of the
pin rests against the washer C or directly upon the wall of the conduit or
reservoir B, whilst the other face is applied against the wall of the pipe A
(Figures 6, 47, 60, 62) or against the plug or metallic disc t (Figure 8) or it may
be against the hinder part of the frame Z (Figures 43, 46, 48, 49).
To prevent the fracture of the tube at the place where the pin comes, the wall
of the tube may be made thicker in this place than elsewhere, (Figures 54, 55).
In joining pipes by means of pins placed in frames the channel of the conduit is
not closed and the gases and the liquids contained in the pipes or conduit circulate
freely around the frames, as is indicated by the arrows in Figure 48; it is necessary
then to close the outer extremity of the pipe A. by the aid of a solid plug t or of a
screwed cover G, (Figures 8, 49). This form of joint may be arranged on the two
sides of the conduit or reservoir B (Figure 49). In this case the pipe A need not
be furnished with stops or enlargements for the pins 1, 1, do not permit it to pass
into the conduit B. The washers CC may be formed as complete rings surround-
ing the pipe, or they may be composed of two halves connected together, as is
indicated by the Figures 17, 23, 25, 26, 27 or by a hinged joint (Figure 24). The
edges of the frames, washers and nuts may be bevelled (Figures 4, 31, 32, 33) to
render more complete the compression of the packing interposed between the
different parts of the assemblage so as to avoid loss of vapours, gases or liquids.
The Figures 5, 7, 12, 18, 31, 41, 52, 60, 62, 56, 57, 63, represent the method
of putting together tubes and reservoirs with flat walls. The Figures 4, 19, 60,
represent the employment of plugs q introduced into the passage of the pipe or
into the cap G for the purpose of isolating a burst pipe (see also Figures 40 and 62).
The plugs are formed of a single piece or composed of two parts, of a body j and
of a ring or cover D (Figures 21, 58, 59) separated by a layer of asbestos or by a
packing of any sort p. To isolate the pipe A the screw plugs 4 g, (Figures 15, 40,
60, 61, 62) are removed and there is introduced into the pipe, the plug by means
of a stein (Figure 62) the cylindrical head of which exactly fills the orifices or
channels of the plugs qq (Figures 40, 60, 61, 62); a part of these orifices or
channels is left for this purpose cylindrical and is not threaded. By means of the
stem, the plug is pushed along the channel of the pipe A until it comes to abut
against the stops a u (Figures 3, 4) or the roughnesses or projections of any sort
arranged upon the interior surface of the pipe A. Leaving the stem within the

page_text: channel of the pipe and again fixing in its place the plug pressure is produced
upon the stem and by means of it upon the plug retained by the stops a a in
the position required. Steam gases and liquids contained in the pipe press on their
side upon the plug 9 and under the influence of this double pressure the ring or
the cover D is strongly pressed against the body of the plug and the packing p com-
pressed between them spreads against the interior surface of the pipe A. (Figure 40)
all leakage of gases or liquids between the plug and the wall of the tube thus
becomes impossible, and the pipe A is completely isolated from the conduit or
reservoir B. By introducing in the same manner from the opposite side of the pipe A
another plug the pipe may be completely isolated from all the other parts of the
reservoir, boiler, or apparatus. To prevent the displacement of the parts of the
plug, the body is connected to a ring or cover D by means of a screw with a large
head N screwed either into the body of the plug (Figure 21) or into the ring or
cover (Figures 58 and 59). To facilitate the removal of the plug, there is fixed
upon the hinder part a handle S (Figure 59). Also to facilitate the introduction
of the plug into the interior of the channel of the pipe as well as to prevent the
packing p entering the orifices o, of the pipe A a metallic ribbon M is wrapped
spirally around the plug, (Figures 58 and 59) and this is pressed against the interior
surface of the pipe A by the packing when the plug is compressed.
The Figure 37 represents the node of connecting conduits or pipes in a trans-
verse or oblique direction by their exterior surfaces. The conduits A A' may rest
against the conduit B or be placed at a certain distance from this last, or finally
they may enter to a certain depth into the wall of the conduit B. In all these
cases between the conduits there are arranged connecting pieces C (Figures 37
and 39) in which are pierced the orifices for the passage of tubes or tubular
connections A. Between the surfaces in contact a layer of asbestos or a tight packing
of any sort is interposed. The joint of the conduits A', A', B, with the tubes or
ties A, A, is made in one of the ways described above. In the same manner reservoirs
of any sort may be connected, for example two boxes with flat walls which may
rest directly the one against the other or be spaced by intermediate connecting
tubes in this last case the connections C with curved surfaces becomes useless
because they are only employed in the case of reservoirs with curved walls and having
no projections or connections of any sort which is precisely the case in Figure 37.
The different vapours gases or liquids contained in the conduits A, A, B, mix by
means of the tubes A. A.
The Figures 10, 11, 13 represent the manner in which the pipes A. A' may be
connected in order to establish communication between two reservoirs B B' which
cannot be moved (Figures 42, 49). The arrangement indicated in Figure 11 is
employed when the pipe A can only be introduced from one side only of the system
for example from the side of the reservoir B (Figure 49). In this case for each
pipe A there is fixed to the conduit B a connecting piece in the form of a box g.
If the reservoir B is to be united to a number of pipes A, A', the box g may be
common to all the pipes. The exterior surface of the pipes A, A', is furnished in
this case with stops aa of different heights, higher at one end than at the other.
The orifices of the conduit or reservoir B should be sufficiently large to allow the
pipe to pass freely with all the stops or enlargements a a, whilst the orifices of
the connecting box y should only allow the passage of the end of the pipe having
the smaller projections. After having introduced the pipe A through the orifices
of the conduits B and B (Figure 49) and after having fixed it by one of the
processes described above, a layer of asbestos or pitched packing or a packing of
gutta percha p is arranged around the projections aa of the tube A' in the interior
of the box g (Figure 11). There is then inserted into the conduit B, the pipe A,
the extremity of which furnished with a screw thread Q is engaged in the box g
which serves as a nut for it. The pipe A. is made to enter as deeply as the packing p
filling the box g (Figure 11) permits, and the other extremity of the pipe A. has a
nut or a pin adapted to it which renders the connection of the parts very solid.
Figure 10 represents the joint of the pipes A A', outside the reservoirs B B'.
I

page_text: In the arrangement shewn the pipes A A' are first connected with the reservoirs B B¹
and then fixed together by the aid of rings h h which are furnished with screw
threads and arranged within the pipes. Between the rings a tight packing of any
sort is interposed; as the edges of the rings are oblique, the packing is pressed
against the interior surface of the pipes A A', when the rings are brought together,
which renders the joint perfectly tight.
The Figures 12 and 13 represent the manner in which a pipe of any sort A' or a
connection, for example, a cock or air valve may be adapted. Figure 49 shews
the connection of the reservoirs B B by the aid of a straight pipe A which is
introduced through the reservoir B. The orifices of the reservoir Ballow the
pipe A to pass freely with all the enlargements or projections a, a, which the
exterior surface presents. The pipe A is fixed to the reservoir B by means of a
nut or of a pin, the projections a a acting as abutments. On the side of the
reservoir B, the same pipe is fixed on both sides by pins placed in frames. Figure 42
represents the employment of a rod w, for the connection of the system; this rod
may be surrounded by an intermediate tube T, the ends of which press against the
nuts GG (A part only of this tube is shewn in the drawing.)
The Figures 43, 44, 45, 46 and 48 represent in detail the mode of fixing the pipes
by pins placed in frames. Figure 43 represents a longitudinal section along the
axis of the pipe A Figure 46 is an exterior view in plan; Figure 47 is a section
of the extremity of the pipe A.; Figure 45 is a longitudinal section through the
middle of the frame, and Figure 48 is a longitudinal section along the axis of the
pipe A. In the figures mentioned above, as in general in all the drawings
annexed, the same parts are designated by the same letters.
The flanges of the frame Z as well as the frame Z itself may have other forms
besides that represented in the drawings by way of example. The other parts of
the arrangement may also be modified. Thus, for example, the reservoirs B, B',
are represented in the drawings for greater simplicity as being cylindrical or in the
form of tubes, but it is evident that their walls may be flat as in Figure 62 and in
general their form may be varied.
The Figure 38 represents the connection of two pipes by the aid of a pin in a
frame.
In this case the pipe A. is furnished with appliances or sleeves T. The
frame of the pin is fixed to the pipe A¹; this pin being in the form of a wedge,
by bearing against the walls of the frame brings together the pipes A. and A¹. "A
layer of asbestos or a packing of any sort p arranged between the bevelled edges
of the pipes A and A which presses it against the sleeve T* renders the joint
perfectly tight. In place of a sleeve, the extremity of the pipe A. may be expanded
that is to say, have (unlike the pipe represented by Figure 35 with its extremities
reduced) a larger diameter than the middle part of the pipe. When the pipes are
connected by the aid of pins the plug or disc is furnished with an orifice which is
closed by means of a small screw plug g (Figure 7) which admits of inspection and
of cleaning the pipe.
In the Figure 63 the pipes are connected by the aid of several short pins which
replace the single long pin previously described and represented upon the other
figures. The number of these short pins arranged around the pipe is two, three,
four or more.
The Figures 60, 61, 62, represent the arrangement which may be employed to
isolate pipes fixed by pins. The plug or disc is furnished with this end with two
orifices 47, closed by two screws or screw plugs. The screws 9, %, are taken
out and two rods are introduced through the orifices; by their aid the plug j
is pushed into the interior of the channel of the pipe A and this last is isolated in
the manner already described above. All that has been said relating to the isolation
of pipes fixed by the aid of nuts applies to the case of connection by pins with this
only difference that in place of a single orifice and of a single rode in this last
case there are two orifices and two rods.
The Figures 50, 51, 52 represent an end view, a longitudinal section and a
transverse section of two pipes connected by the aid of an anchor bolt L. The

page_text: extremity of the pipe A. is connected to the reservoir B by an anchor bolt L the
crosshead of which rests against a projection H which a sleeve H screwed upon
the extremity of the pipe A presents. The bolt L is drawn up tight by the aid of
a mut G fixed upon the extremity of the stem of the bolt L and resting against
the cover G. The mut may be replaced by a pin (Figure 53) fixed in the
stem d of the bolt L. The Figures 54, 55, 56 and 57 represent modifications of
the preceding arrangement. The exterior sleeve H screwed upon the pipe A
(Figure 52) is replaced by an interior sleeve or by appropriate stops (similar in
every respect to those which have been described above) arranged upon the interior
wall of the pipe A. In this last case the crosspiece of the anchor bolt rests against
projections, as is represented by the Figures 54 and 55, showing an end view and
transverse section of the pipe A furnished with projections; Figure 56 represents
the mode of connecting the pipe A with the reservoir B.
Figure 57 represents an arrangement similar to the preceding but with the
difference that the pipe besides the interior projections serving to support the
cross piece of the bolt L, is also furnished with projections or exterior stops similar
in all respects to those which have been described above and by the aid of which
it bears against the wall of the reservoir B. In Figure 56 the stem of the bolt L
is fixed by means of a nut but it is evident that this stem may also be fixed by the
aid of a pin as in Figure 53. The Figure 65 represents a modification of the
arrangement already employed in practice. In this modification the cross piece of
the bolt L rests not against the sleeve placed upon the pipe or against projections
or enlargements arranged upon the wall of this last, but it engages by its extremities
in hollows or cavities formed in the wall of the pipe A. In the same manner all
other reservoirs can be connected, as for example, two boxes with flat sides which
can rest the one against the other directly by their walls or by connections if the
boxes are furnished with such it is evident that washers of special form Figure 39
become in this case useless, the washers being necessary only in the case of curved
faces Figure 37. The arrangement proposed differs from that which has already
been employed in that the stem of the bolt or anchor L is drawn up not only by
means of a nut but by the aid of a pin; also in that the projections a of the
pipe A are lodged in the cavity of the reservoir B in the manner of wedges and do
not only rest against the walls of the reservoir, as is the case in Figure 34 &c.
The extremities P of the pipes and the part of the sleeve are represented in
the Figures 57, 65 and 52 only making one projection in the cavity of the reservoir B.
But it is easy to prolong in case of need the part H₁ of the sleeve as well as the
part of the pipe which extends from its extremity Pas far as the row of stops or
projections aa and to make them sufficiently long to come to rest against the
opposite wall of the reservoir B. In this case the walls of the pipes A should be
furnished with orifices similar to those which have been previously described
(Figure 34) to permit vapours, gases or liquids which they contain to mix with
those which are contained in the reservoir B. Figure 64 represents the application
of the preceding arrangements to the assemblage of spherical reservoirs.
two hemispheres of the reservoir B are connected by the pipe A which is fixed, in
place by means of a nut G or of a pin and in general by one of the processes
indicated above.
The
The Figure 66 represents in longitudinal section a modification of the processes
above described for the assemblage of tubes A and reservoirs B. In this case the
tube A is not fixed to the reservoir B directly, but by the intervention of an
appliance A the extremity of the pipe A being enclosed in the cavity of the
appliance A as is the case with the fire tubes of locomotives.
To this end upon
the extremity of the tube A there is placed so as to fit tightly the appliance A¹
which is introduced with the tube A into the reservoir B as is represented in the
Figures 66 and 67. Then by the aid of a suitable instrument the extremity of the
tube A is pressed and swelled in the interior of the appliance A so as to unite them
into a single piece represented in exterior view at Figure 67. Finally this tube is
connected to the reservoir B by means of the nut G (Figure 66) or by a pin. The

page_text: extremity of the tube A can be swelled out towards the interior walls of the
appliance A.
The Figures 70 and 71 represent a modification of the same process which only
differs from the preceding by the absence of the flanges a Figure 66 which are
replaced by a projection or ring aa the dimensions of which should permit the
introduction of a tube through the reservoir B, for example, in the arrangement
represented in Figure 49 where the tube is to be connected to two fixed reservoirs B
and B', and the tube A cannot be put in place except through the reservoir B.
Between the rings a and the extremity of the appliance A' is inserted a washer or
packing p. In this case the tube A is introduced through the reservoir B; then
there is inserted in the same rescrvoir B the appliance A', so that this presses
against the opposite wall of the reservoir then the appliance A' is connected to
the tube A. by enlarging this last by the aid of an appropriate instrument, and
finally the composite tube A A' is permanently fixed by means of a nut (Figure 70)
to the reservoir B.
:
The Figure 68 represents in longitudinal section and Figure 69 in exterior view the
connection of the tube A to the reservoir B in the case where the ring or the
projection a cannot be brought close up to the reservoir. In this case I employ a
movable ring a pressed against the reservoir B by a plug or metallic wedge
which I insert between the rings a and a in corresponding grooves.
It is evident
that the number of wedges may be varied and that they are intended to strongly
press the packing against the movable ring a¹ and the wall of the reservoir B.
Dated this 10th day of June 1891.
CAKEMAEL
CAKI MAEL & CO.,
Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
Improved Methods of Fixing and Coupling Tubes, Cocks, and other
analogous parts to other Tubes, Receptacles, or Reservoirs of
any sort.
I, NICHOLAS TVERSKOY, of 22 Perspective Anglaise St. Petersburg, in the
Empire of Russia, Mechanical Engineer in the Russian Imperial Navy, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention is essentially characterized by the special mode of fixing metallic
tubes, cocks, and the like to boilers, steam chests, condenser chambers and in general
all sorts of reservoirs.
Commonly tube fittings and like parts are fixed in a permanent manner to one of
the walls of the boiler, of the steam chest or any other reservoir by the aid of
Hanges or by screwing them into the walls or they are soldered or brazed to the
wall of the reservoir or they are let into corresponding openings in the walls.
According to my method the tube fittings or appliances are fixed to the conduits
and reservoirs in a manner analogous to the mode of fixing the ties in steam
boilers, that is to say, the tubes are passed through the two opposite walls of the
boiler or of the reservoir and are then fixed in their place by the aid of nuts or of
pins (wedges) placed on the outside of the walls, as is described further on and
represented by the annexed drawings.
The advantages realized by my method are the following-a) They permit of
the pipe or appliances being attached to the reservoir in a prompt and durable
manner. Of easy removal of the pipe or appliance. <) The tubes, by connecting
the opposite sides of the reservoir serve also as ties. d) Each tube may be promptly
and casily isolated by the introduction of a suitable plug, and e) The mixture and
circulation of the liquids, gases and vapours contained in the reservoir and in these
tubes is brought about in the desired direction.
Referring to the drawings lodged with my Provisional Specification supposing
that it is required to connect the pipes A and B represented in Figure 34 the

page_text: pipe A is furnished at a suitable distance from its extremity E with an enlargement
or exterior projection a forming a stop against the wall of the pipe B. The
conduit B is furnished with two opposite orifices which allow of the introduction of
the end E of the pipe A. as far as the stop a or as far as a suitable washer C placed
upon the pipe A and which bears against the projection a comes to abut against
the wall of the conduit B, then by screwing a nut or a cover G upon the end E of
the pipe A a perfectly solid connection of the two pipes A and B is obtained. To
render this joint tighter and more regular I place against the wall of the conduit B
on the one side and the projections or stops a and the nuts G on the other, bored
washers CC following the form of the curved surfaces of the conduit or reservoir B.
Finally to render the assemblage perfectly tight there is placed between the washers
the walls of the conduits or of the reservoirs the nuts and in general between all
the parts of the assemblage, iron wires or threads of asbestos or leather or gutta
percha washers of appropriate form and dimensions. In case of need these washers
are placed in special cavities with inclined sides, as is represented in the Figures 31,
32, 33 and others.
The part of the pipe A passing through the conduit B is furnished with orifices (
of suitable form and dimensions by which the vapour, the gases or the liquids can
pass from the conduit B into the pipe A and vice versa, this is also an essential
peculiarity of my invention for it allows to pass the pipe A through both sides of
the conduit B and by modifying the form, the dimensions and the arrangement of
the orifices o the liquids to be mixed may be directed in any direction which may
be desired.
If the walls of the conduit B are flat, or if the pipe A is to be connected with a
chamber or rectangular box, a boiler or in general with a reservoir of any sort
with flat walls (Figures 12, 31, 41, 52, 56, 62, 63) the employment of washers CC¹
becomes superfluous and the stops or projections a as well as the nuts G may
bear directly against the walls of the reservoir B. The projection a may itself
have a curved form corresponding to that of the walls of the reservoir B, and in
this case it may be applied directly against the curved wall of the reservoir or of
the pipe B without the intervention of washers CC. In either case the projection a
may have the form of a continuous belt (Figures 1, 2 and 28) or the stops may be
arranged in separate parts of the periphery of the pipe A (Figures 29 and 30).
The stop may be formed as an enlargement of the wall of the pipe or as a
metallic ring (Figures 2 and 28) soldered upon the pipe, or fixed upon this last in
the required place by the aid of a screw or rivets or by the aid of rings drawn on
when hot. The abutting surface of the ring may be plain or to present a curve
corresponding to that of the pipe B. The stops may finally be formed by separate
metallic pieces (Figures 29 and 30) with plain or curved surfaces, arranged on the
periphery of the pipe A and limiting the length to which this pipe can engage with
the pipe or reservoir B.
The stops a may be replaced by screws, rivets, nails or pieces of metal screwed,
rivetted, soldered, or brazed to the wall of the pipe A at a suitable distance
(Figures 3, 4 and 5) so as only to permit the introduction of the extremity of the
pipe A into the conduit B up to a certain fixed pre-arranged limit. These screws,
rivets and nails may be lodged in the wall of the tube or may project into the
passage or again may traverse the tube from side to side (a a' Figure 3). The end
of the pipe A may be fashioned around (Figure 36) so as to present a smaller
diameter than the other part of the pipe, and to permit the introduction of this
extremity into the orifice of the conduit or reservoir B or of the washer C so that
the part of the pipe not so fashioned comes to abut against the wall of the reservoir
or against the washer C. The stop may also be formed by the corresponding part
of a wedge appliance described further on (Figures 8, 43 and 49). It is also
possible to make pipes with the enlargements or projections with flat or curved
surfaces arranged at the places indicated or pipes of which one or the two!
extremities has a smaller diameter than that of the other part of the pipe (Figure 35)
as is the practice for torpedo boiler tubes. The end of the tube may be furnished

page_text: along all its length with a screw thread, in this case one screws upon the hinder
part a tapped ring a (Figure 18) which plays the part of a stop and then one
connects the pipe A to the conduit or reservoir B by the aid of a nut or a pin.
The purpose of these enlargements, rings, pins, rivets and the like is to render
impossible, whatever may be the pressure exerted by the nut or the pin driven in
the entrance of the extremity E (Figure 34) of the pipe A, that this latter could
not be drawn into the orifice of the conduit or reservoir B beyond the pre-arranged
limit, at the same time ensuring a perfectly solid and tight connection of the pipes
or of the pipe with a reservoir by incans of a nut or of a wedge (Figures 6 and 34).
The dimensions of the stop or projection a should be such that the stop cannot
embed itself, like a cone or wedge, in the orifice of the conduit B but so that it
presses upon as large a surface as possible of the metal or of the conduit or
reservoir B or of the washer C.
The form and the material employed for the manufacture of the nuts or covers (
may be varied indefinitely. The nuts or covers may be closed (Figures 1 and 2)
or pierced with several orifices which may be closed with plugs or with appropriate
cocks (Figures 14, 15, 16, 19, 20 and 40 and others). In general the form and
dimensions of the nuts plugs and orifices as well as the number of these latter may
vary according to need and according as it is proposed to close the pipe completely
or to facilitate its cleaning and inspection, or to fix upon the cover a tap or pressure
gauge or the like, or if necessary to introduce a rod to close the channel of a burst
pipe (Figures 40 and 62) or to leave the passage for the introduction of a rod to
actuate stop cocks or the like or if it be necessary to introduce a tie of some sort
(u Figure 42).
The connection of the pipes with the conduits or reservoirs can be made not
only by the aid of nuts or threaded covers but also by means of pins or wedges
(Figures 6, 8, 43 and others). In this case the channel of the pipe is closed on
the side of the vapours or gases or liquids, by plugs or metallic discs t (Figures 6,
60, 62 and others) arranged in front of the pin or upon its two sides (Figures 47
and 8). If an exit for the gases or liquids has to be left, or if an opening is
required for the cleaning or inspection of the tube A the pins or wedges are placed
in frames or special metallic boxes Z furnished with Hanges and having a channel
in the form of a slit & for the passage of the pin (Figures 38, 43, 44, 46, 48, 49).
The flanges of the frame Z rest exactly against the interior surface of the pipe A
and it is evident that the exterior surface of the flanges should have the same
contour as that of the interior surface of the conduit or reservoir to which the
flanges are to be adapted. To render the joint perfectly tight, that is to say, to
avoid leakage of gases or liquids between the flanges of the frame Z and the interior
surface of the pipe A into the passage k from whence it could escape to the outside
and consequently be lost, the corresponding surfaces of the flanges f and of the
pipe A can be recessed or soldered together, or closed or cemented by a layer of
suitable cement or mnastic.
The frame as well as the plugs or metallic discs (when the pins are
employed without the frame Z) are fixed to the pipe A by means of bolts or
rivets, or they are soldered or brazed to it, they may also be screwed and driven
directly into the passage of the pipe A by blows of a hammer; or they are fixed
to the interior metal of the pipe in any manner whatever. But whatever be the
way in which the frames and the plugs are fixed it is essential that their connection
with the walls of the pipe should be sufficiently solid to prevent their displacement
under the influence of the pressure of the pin driven in. One of the faces of the
pin rests against the washer C or directly upon the wall of the conduit or
reservoir B, whilst the other face is applied against the wall of the pipe A
(Figures 6, 47, 60, 62) or against the plug or metallic disc t (Figure 8) or it may
be against the hinder part of the frame Z (Figures 43, 46, 48, 49).
To prevent the fracture of the tube at the place where the pin comes, the wall
of the tube may be made thicker in this place than elsewhere (Figures 54, 55).
In joining pipes by means of pins placed in frames the channel of the conduit is
B

page_text: not closed and the gases and the liquids contained in the pipes or conduit circulate
freely around the frames, as is indicated by the arrows in Figure 48; it is
necessary then to close the outer extremity of the pipe A by the aid of a solid
plug t or of a screwed cover G, (Figures 8, 49). This form of joint may be
arranged on the two sides of the conduit or reservoir B (Figure 49). In this case
the pipe A need not be furnished with stops or enlargements for the pins 1, 1, do
not permit it to pass into the conduit B. The washers CC' may be formed as
complete rings surrounding the pipe, or they may be composed of two halves
connected together, as is indicated by the Figures 17, 23, 25, 26, 27 or by a hinged
joint (Figure 24). The edges of the frames, washers and nuts may be bevelled
(Figures 4, 31, 32 and 33) to render more complete the compression of the packing
interposed between the different parts of the assemblage so as to avoid loss of
vapours, gases or liquids.
The Figures 5, 7, 12, 18, 31, 41, 52, 60, 62, 56, 57, 63, represent the method
of putting together tubes and reservoirs with Hat walls. The Figures 4, 19, 60
represent the employment of plugs introduced into the passage of the pipe or into
the cap G for the purpose of isolating a burst pipe (see also Figures 40 and 62).
The plugs are formed of a single piece or composed of two parts, of a body j
and of a ring or cover D (Figures 21, 58, 59) separated by a layer of asbestos or
by, a packing of any sort p. To isolate the pipe A the screw plugs 7%
(Figures 16, 40, 60, 61, 62) are removed and there is introduced into the pipe a
stem. (Figure 62) the cylindrical head of which exactly fills the orifices or
channels of the plugs (Figures 40, 60, 61, 62): a part of these orifices or
channels is left for this purpose cylindrical and is not threaded. By means of the
stem it, the plug is pushed along the channel of the pipe A until it comes to abut
against the stops a a (Figures 3, 4) or the roughnesses or projections of any sort
arranged upon the interior surface of the pipe A. Leaving the stem within the
channel of the pipe and again fixing in its place the plug y pressure is produced
upon the stem and by means of it upon the plug retained by the stops at a in the
position required. Steam gases and liquids contained in the pipe press on their
side upon the plug and under the influence of this double pressure the ring or the
cover D is strongly pressed against the body of the plug and the packing p
compressed between them spreads against the interior surface of the pipe A
(Figure 40) all leakage of gases or liquids between the plug and the wall of the
tube thus becomes impossible, and the pipe A. is completely isolated from the
conduit or reservoir B. By introducing in the same manner from the opposite
side of the pipe A another plug the pipe may be completely isolated from all
the other parts of the reservoir, boiler, or apparatus. To prevent the displacement
of the parts of the plug, the body is connected to a ring or cover D by means of
a screw with a large head N screwed either into the body of the plug (Figure 21)
or into the ring or cover (Figures 58 and 59). To facilitate the removal of the
plug, there is fixed upon the hinder part a handie S (Figure 59). Also to
facilitate the introduction of the plug into the interior of the channel of the pipe
as well as to prevent the packing p entering the orifices o of the pipe A a metallic
ribbon M is wrapped spirally around the plug (Figures 58 and 59) and this is
pressed against the interior surface of the pipe A by the packing p when the plug
is compressed.
The Figure 37 represents the mode of connecting conduits or pipes in a trans
verse or oblique direction by their exterior surfaces. The conduits A' A' may
rest against the conduit B or be placed at a certain distance from this last, or
finally they may enter to a certain depth into the wall of the conduit B. In all
these cases between the conduits there are arranged connecting pieces C
(Figures 37 and 39) in which are pierced the orifices for the passage of tubes or
tubular connections A. Between the surfaces in contact a layer of asbestos or a
tight packing of any sort is interposed. The joint of the conduits A', A', B, with
the tubes or ties A, A, is made in one of the ways described above. In the same
manner reservoirs of any sort may be connected, for example two boxes with flat

page_text: walls which may rest directly the one against the other or be spaced by inter-
mediate connecting tubes; in this last case the connections C with curved surfaces
become useless because they are only employed in the case of reservoirs with
curved walls and having no projections or connections of any sort which is precisely
the case in Figure 37. The different vapour gases or liquids contained in the
conduits A', A, B, mix by means of the tubes A, A.
The Figures 10, 11, 13, represent the manner in which the pipes A A' may be
connected in order to establish communication between two reservoirs B B' which
cannot be moved (Figures 42, 49). The arrangement indicated in Figure 11 is
employed when the pipe A can only be introduced from one side only of the
system for example from the side of the reservoir B (Figure 49). In this case for
each pipe A there is fixed to the conduit B a connecting piece in the form of a
box 9.
If the reservoir B is to be united to a number of pipes A' A' the box
may be common to all the pipes. The exterior surface of the pipes A'A' is
furnished in this case with stops a a of different heights, higher at one end than at
the other. The orifices of the conduit or reservoir B should be sufficiently large
to allow the pipe to pass freely with all the stops or enlargements a a, whilst the
orifices of the connecting boxy should only allow the passage of the end of the
pipe having the smaller projections. After having introduced the pipe A through
the orifices of the conduits B and B (Figure 49) and after having fixed it to the
conduit B by one of the processes described above, a layer of asbestos or pitched
packing or a packing of gutta percha pis arranged around the projections
a a of the
tube A in the interior of the box (Figure 11). There is then inserted into the
conduit B, the pipe A, the extremity of which furnished with a screw thread Q is
engaged in the box g which serves as a nut for it. The pipe A is made to enter
as deeply as the packing filling the box g (Figure 11) permits, and the other
extremity of the pipe A has a nut or a pin adapted to it which renders the
connection of the parts very solid.
I
Figures 9 and 10 represent the joint of the pipes A A¹ outside the reser-
voirs B B¹ In the arrangement shewn the pipes A A' are first connected with
the reservoirs B B and then fixed together by the aid of rings which are
furnished with screw threads and arranged within the pipes. Between the rings a
tight packing of any sort is interposed: as the edges of the rings hh are oblique,
the packing is pressed against the interior surface of the pipes A A' when the
rings are brought together, which renders the joint perfectly tight.
The Figures 12 and 13 represent the manner in which a pipe of any sort A' or
a connection, for example, a cock or air valve may be adapted. Figure 49 shews
the connection of the reservoirs B B by the aid of a straight pipe A which is
introduced through the reservoir B. The orifices of the reservoir B allow the
pipe A to pass freely with all the enlargements or projections a a which the
exterior surface presents. The pipe A is fixed to the reservoir B by means of a
nut or of a pin, the projections au acting as abutments. On the side of the
reservoir B, the same pipe is fixed on both sides by pins placed in frames.
Figure 42 represents the employment of a rod w, for the connection of the system;
this rod may be surrounded by an intermediate tube T, the ends of which press
against the nuts G G. (A part only of this tube is shown in the drawing.)
The Figures 43, 44, 45 46 and 48 represent in detail the mode of fixing the
pipes by pins placed in frames. Figure 43 represents a longitudinal section along
the axis of the pipe A Figure 46 is an exterior view in plan; Figure 44 is a
section of the extremity of the pipe A Figure 45 is a cross section through the
middle of the frame, and Figure 48 is a longitudinal section along the axis of the
pipe A.
In the figures mentioned above, as in general in all the drawings
annexed, the same parts are designated by the same letters.
The flanges of the frame as well as the frame Z itself may have other forms
besides that represented in the drawings by way of example. The other parts of
the arrangement may also be modified. Thus, for example, the reservoirs B, B1,

page_text: are represented in the drawings for greater simplicity as being cylindrical or in
the form of tubes, but it is evident that their walls may be flat as in Figure 62 and
in general their form may be varied.
The Figure 38 represents the connection of two pipes by the aid of a pin in a
frame. In this case the pipe A is furnished with appliances or sleeves T. The
frame % of the pin is fixed to the pipe A'; this pin being in the form of a wedge,
by bearing against the walls of the frame brings together the pipes A and AA
layer of asbestos or a packing of any sort p arranged between the bevelled edges
of the pipes A and A' which presses it against the sleeve T renders the joint
perfectly tight. In place of a sleeve, the extremity of the pipe A may be
expanded that is to say, have (unlike the pipe represented by Figure 35 with its
extremities reduced) a larger diameter than the middle part of the pipe. When
the pipes are connected by the aid of pins the plug or disc t is furnished with an
orifice which is closed by means of a small screw plug 7 (Figure 7) which admits
of inspection and of cleaning the pipe.
In the figure 63 the pipes are connected by the aid of several short pins which
replace the single long pin previously described and represented upon the other
Figures. The number of these short pins arranged around the pipe is two, three,
four or more.
The Figures 60, 61, 62, represent the arrangement which may be employed to
isolate pipes fixed by pins. The plug or disc is furnished with this end with two
orifices 7%, closed by two screws or screw plugs 7. The screws 7, 9, are taken
out and two rods are introduced through the orifices; by their aid the plug j
is pushed into the interior of the channel of the pipe A and this last is isolated in
the manner already described above. All that has been said relating to the
isolation of pipes fixed by the aid of nuts applies to the case of connection by pins
with this only difference that in place of a single orifice y and of a single rod in
this last case there are two orifices and two rods.
The Figures 50, 51, 52 represent an end view, a longitudinal section and a
transverse section of two pipes connected by the aid of an anchor bolt L. The
extremity of the pipe A is connected to the reservoir B by an anchor bolt L the
crosshead of which rests against a projection H¹ which a sleeve H screwed upon
the extremity of the pipe A presents. The bolt L is drawn up tight by the aid of
a nut G fixed upon the extremity of the stem of the bolt L and resting against
the cover G. The nut G may be replaced by a pin (Figure 53) fixed in the
stem' d. of the bolt L. The Figures 54, 55, 56 and 57 represent modifications of
the preceding arrangement. The exterior sleeve H screwed upon the pipe A
(Figure 52) is replaced by an interior sleeve or by appropriate stops (similar in
every respect to those which have been described above) arranged upon the
interior wall of the pipe A. In this last case the crosspiece of the anchor bolt
rests against projections, as is represented by the Figures 54 and 55, shewing an
end view and transverse section of the pipe A furnished with projections;
Figure 56 represents the mode of connecting the pipe A with the reservoir B.
Figure 57 represents an arrangement similar to the preceding but with the
difference that the pipe A. besides the interior projections serving to support the
crosspiece of the bolt L, is also furnished with projections or exterior stops similar
in all respects to those which have been described above and by the aid of which
it bears against the wall of the reservoir B. In Figure 56 the stem of the bolt L
is fixed by means of a nut but it is evident that this stem may also be fixed by the
aid of a pin as in Figure 53. The Figure 65 represents a modification of the
arrangement already employed in practice. In the ordinary arrangement the cross
piece of the bolt 1. rests not against the sleeve placed upon the pipe or against
projections or enlargements arranged upon the wall of this last, but it engages by
its extremities in hollows or cavities formed in the wall of the pipe A.
arrangement proposed differs from that which has already been employed in that
the stem of the bolt or anchor L is drawn up by the aid of a pin also in that the
The

page_text: projections of the pipe A. are not lodged in the cavity of the reservoir B in the
manner of wedges but rest against the walls of the reservoir, as is the case in
Figure 34 &c.
The extremities P of the pipes and the part FI¹ of the sleeve are represented in
the Figures 57, 65 and 52 only making one projection in the cavity of the
reservoir B. But it is easy to prolong in case of need the part H of the sleeve as
well as the part of the pipe which extends from its extremity P as far as the row
of steps or projections a a and to make them sufficiently long to come to rest
against the opposite wall of the reservoir B. In this case the walls of the pipes A.
should be furnished with orifices similar to those which have been previously
described (Figure 34) to permit vapours, gases or liquids which they contain to
mix with those which are contained in the reservoir B. Figure 64 represents the
application of the preceding arrangements to the assemblage of spherical reservoirs.
The two hemispheres of the reservoir B are connected by the pipe A which is
fixed in place by means of a nut G or of a pin and in general by one of the
processes indicated above.
The Figure 66 represents in longitudinal section a modification of the processes
above described for the assemblage of tubes A and reservoirs B. In this case the
tube A is not fixed to the reservoir B directly, but by the intervention of an
appliance A the extremity of the pipe A being enclosed in the cavity of the
appliance A as is the case with the fire tubes of locomotives. To this end upon
the extremity of the tube A. there is placed so as to fit tightly the appliance A
which is introduced into the tube A into the reservoir B as is represented in the
Figures 66 and 67. Then by the aid of a suitable instrument the extremity of the
tube A is pressed and swelled in the interior of the appliance A so as to unite
them into a single piece represented in exterior view at Figure 67. Finally this
tube is connected to the reservoir B by means of the nut G (Figure 66) or by a
pin. The extremity of the tube A. can be swelled out towards the interior walls of
the appliance A¹.
The Figures 70 and 71 represent a modification of the same process which only
differs from the preceding by the absence of the flanges a Figure 66 which are
replaced by a projection or ring a a' the dimensions of which should permit the
introduction of a tube through the reservoir B, for example, in the arrangement
represented in Figure 49 where the tube is to be connected to two fixed
reservoirs B and B, and the tube A. cannot be put in place except through the
reservoir B. Between the rings a and the extremity of the appliance A is
inserted a washer or packing p. In this case the tube A is introduced through the
reservoir B then there is inserted in the same reservoir B the appliance A', so
that this process against the opposite wall of the reservoir; then the appliance A¹
is connected to the. Lube A by enlarging this last by the aid of an appropriate
instrument, and finally the composite tube A. A¹ is permanently fixed by means of
a nut (Figure 70) to the reservoir B.
The Figure 68 represents in longitudinal section and Figure 69 in exterior view
the connection of the tube A to the reservoir B in the case where the ring or
the projection a cannot be brought close up to the reservoir. In this case I
employ a moveable ring a pressed against the reservoir B by a plug or metallic
wedge which I insert between the rings a and a¹ in corresponding grooves.
evident that the number of wedges may be varied and that they are intended to
strongly press the packing against the movable ring a' and the wall of the
reservoir B.
b
It is
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The new method of coupling tubes with receptacles and the one to the other
characterised by the fact that the extremities of the tubes pass through the two
opposite walls of the receptacle or of the other tube and are fixed in this position

page_text: at the outside of the receptacle or the tube by means of stops, wedges or screws
substantially as is described, the communication for the gases and liquids being
not by direct discharge from the tubes but by lateral slots or orifices made in the
parts of tubes which are within the receptacles or the other tubes.
2. In combination with the method of coupling tubes by means of keys or
wedges, the employment of frames tightly fixed in the tube and provided with an
opening or orifice for the passage of the key or wedge which also passes through
the corresponding lateral orifices of the tube-as is described and represented by
the Figures 43, 44, 45, 46, 48 and 49 and 38.
3. In combination with the method above described of coupling tubes with
receptacles and the one to the other-the employment of plugs simple or compound
and furnished with packing of soft material pushed in by stems or rods as is
described and represented by the Figures 4 to 19, 21, 40, 58, 59, 60, 61 and 62.
4. The mode of coupling tubes or receptacles at a right or acute angle or back
to back by their exterior surfaces with or without the employment of intermediate
plates or washers and by means of tubes passing through the tubes or receptacles to
be connected as is described and represented by Figure 37.
5. In combination with the method above described for coupling tubes with
receptacles and the one to the other; the connection of the tubes outside the
receptacles by means of interior ferrules and packings of soft material or it may be
by screwing and the like-as is described and represented by the Figures 9, 10, 11,
12 and 13.
6. The connection of tubes with receptacles by means of an anchor bolt,
engaging interior ribs or flanges or projections upon the interior of the tube and
fixed at the exterior of the receiver by a nut, key or wedge, as is described and
represented by the Figures 51 to 57.
7. A modification of the method above described for coupling tubes with
receptacles or the one to the other--characterised by the fact that the walls of the
receiver are traversed not by the tube itself but by a special appliance furnished
with lateral orifices for the circulation of the liquids and gases, the extremity of
the tube being connected with the appliance by spreading the mouth or by
screwing or otherwise as is described and represented by the Figures 66, 67, 70
and 71.
8. In combination with the methods above described for coupling tubes-the
employment of movable rings operated upon by wedges or cross pieces substantially
as described and represented by the Figures 68 and 69.
Dated this 19th day of February 1892.
NICOLAS TVERSKOY.