An Improved Joint for Pipes constructed on the Spigot and Socket Principle.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 16th Feb., 1899
Complete Specification Left 14th Nov. 1899-Accented 30th Dec.
1899
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Joint for Pipes constructed on the Spigot and Socket
Principle.
I, JOSEPH WILLIAM BROWN, of Tetford House, West Hartlepool, in the County
of Durham, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be
as follows:-
:-
This invention relates to spigot and socket joints for pipes in which a liquid
tight connection at the joint is essential, such as pipes usually constructed of
earthenware, stoneware and the like material or metal pipes for sewerage or other
purposes in which cement is used as the jointing material.
The object and result of my present invention is to effect a joint of this kind
by the means hereinafter described.
One way of carrying my invention into effect is by enlarging the annular space
between the spigot and socket for the reception of a layer of bituminous material
adhering to each of the surfaces concerned in the joint so that when the spigot
is inserted into the socket a line of division is left between these surfaces for
forming a joint. In its simplest form the line of division forming the joint
simply forms an annular space preferably converging inwardly, and the joint is
sealed partly by a wash of cement or other suitable lute on each surface before
jointing, but mainly by a stemming of suitable material either plastic or fibrous
taking some form which when set or otherwise consolidated is locked or recessed
into one or both layers of bituminous material to form a seal and when the said
stemming is recessed into both layers of bituminous material it becomes a bond
as well as a seal which effects a permanent union. Where the joint line is a
straight or continuous taper, any lateral movement means of course a complete
dislocation of the joint by separating the surfaces, and it is preferable to avoid
this by making the joint line parallel to the pipe for part of its length say to
the outside of the bond, and tapered to the inside thereof or tapered to the out-
side of the bond and presenting a curve against a parallel surface to the inside of
the bond or other equivalent arrangement of the joint line so that a complete
dislocation of the joint would only take place after considerable lateral movement.
But instead of a seal or bond made up as hereinbefore described the usual form
of a belt charged through a gate in the socket can be used in combination with
the layers of bituminous material jointed as before the belt so formed taking
the place of the said seal or bond. In either case stemming or washers can be
used both externally to the joint or seated in the shoulder of the socket in the
manner described in the Specifications of my Letters Patent No. 8526 of 1897,
also No. 4066 of 1898.
In the case of stoneware earthenware or iron pipes if these are moulded with
suitable recesses for the seal or bond to be stemmned into, the bituminous layers
are not required, the space between the surfaces forming the joint being set
apart accordingly. Special advantages of my invention are that a tapered joint
or its equivalent as before described facilitates the working of the spigot of ou

page_text: pipe into the joint tight position in the socket of the other pipe and the sealing
is or may be automatic as the joint is closed.
nated this 15th Ju of Wabruary 1899
An Improved Joint for Pipes constructed on the Spigot and Socket
Principle.
I, JOSEPII WILLIAM BROWN, of Tetford House, West Hartlepool, in the County
of Durham, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement:-
This invention relates to spigot and socket joints for pipes in which a liquid
and air tight connection at the joint is essential, such as pipes usually con
structed of earthenware, stoneware and the like material or metal pipes for
sewerage or other purposes in which a jointing material is used such as cement.
The object and result of my present invention is to effect a joint of this kind
by the means hereinafter described, which are intended to facilitate the working
of the spigot of one pipe into joint tight position in the socket of the other in a
manner which prevents dislocation without considerable lateral movement and
by which the sealing is automatic as the joint is closed.
The accompanying drawings which represent in sectional view examples of my
improved joint fully explain the means employed for carrying my invention into
effect as well as the advantages derived therefrom as a means of obtaining the
perfectly tight and effective joint required. One way of carrying my invention
into effect is by enlarging the annular space between the spigot a and socket b
for the reception of layers of bituminous material such as adhering to the
surfaces concerned in the joint so that when the spigot is inserted into the socket
a line of division d is left between these surfaces for forming a joint. As shown
in Fig. 1, in its simplest form the line of division forming the joint simply
consists of an annular space preferably converging inwardly, and the joint is
sealed partly by a wash of suitable lute on each surface before jointing, but
mainly by a stemming e of suitable material which is either plastic or fibrous
or both plastic and fibrous and adapted to take some form such as the L section
shown which when set or otherwise consolidated is locked or recessed between the
layers of bituminous material to form an annular seal, which becomes a bond
when the said stemming is impressed into both layers of bituminous material
instead of only one as shown in Fig. 1. Where the joint line is a straight or
continuous taper as shown in Fig. 1, any lateral movement means of course a dis-
location of the joint by separating the surfaces, and it is preferable to avoid
this by making the joint line parallel to the pipe for part of its length say to
the inside of the seal e as shown in Fig. 2, and tapered only to the outside thereof
or vice-versa, so that a complete dislocation of the joint would not take place
without considerable lateral movement. Figs. 3 and 4 illustrate modifications
of this joint line arrangement in which the seal or bond e is made up as here-
inbefore described, but with the addition of a belt f charged through a gate in
the socket; the belt so formed may extend right through the bituminous material
or only partly through as shown and is useful as a key to hold the joint together
but is not to be relied on to make it air or water tight en account of the shrink-

page_text: age of the cement in setting. On this account the bond or seal e should be placed
to the inside of the belt f as shown, otherwise leakage past the said belt of
cement would be possible; or two such rings e can be used, say one on each
side of the cement band f. Fig. 5 shows the joint line parallel to the pipe to the
outside of the stemming e and presenting a curve against a parallel surface to the
inside of the said stemming so that a complete dislocation of the joint would
only take place after considerable lateral movement. If it is required that the
stemming shall interlock the layers of bituminous material a suitable form is
shown in Figs. 6 and S, otherwise the sections shown in Figs. 4, 7 and 9 may
be used, or suitable modifications of these. In Fig. 10, the bituminous layers c² c²
only extend about half the depth of the socket from the spigot end of the pipe,
the special seal e being formed within the length thereof, the remaining portion
can be run in the ordinary way with liquid cement f secured at the end by
gaskin g, clay or other like packing. In this form the cost of manufacture is
considerably reduced, and when it is not necessary to line the socket to its full
capacity the above construction can be used to form a sound joint. The
bituminous ring layers c¹² are shown tapered, but this joint like all the others
may have tapered, parallel or any combination of tapered, parallel and convex
surfaces, and the stemming e may be of such form in section of plastic, fibrous
or plastic and fibrous material as may be found most suitable for scaling or bond-
ing the joint.
In the case of stoneware, carthenware, or iron pipes if these are moulded with
suitable recesses for the seal or bond to be stemmed into, the bituminous layers
are not required.
From the foregoing description taken in connection with the accompanying
drawings illustrating various examples of my improved joint but to which others
might be added without departing from the essential feature of my invention,
it will be seen that I have provided a simple, easily and automatically united
joint in which the sealing device consists essentially of the stemming at e adapted
to be embedded in considerable bulk into layers of bituminous material provided
for the purpose as shown in all the figs., or into the permanent material of the
pipes themselves, the said stemming being thoroughly compressed by closing the
joint.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
In combination with spigot and socket pipe joints the improved sealing device
such as e embedded or stemmed into the jointing material such as c¹or into
the permanent material of the pipes themselves the sealing being automatically
effected by the compression of the said stemming in closing the joint substantially
as herein before described and illustrated
Dated this 10th day of November 1899.
G. J. CLARKSON,
Chartered Patent Agent, Stockton-on-Tees and Hull,
Agent for the Applicant.