IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER WIRES, WOVEN WIRE CLOTH, AND WIRE GAUZE AND FINE WIRE DRAWING, by the USE AND APPLICATION OF EITHER PHOSPHOR BRONZE, PHOSPHORISED BRONZE, PHOSPHOR BRASS, OR PHOSPHORISED BRASS, IN COMBINATION WITH COPPER OR ANY MINERAL, VEGETABLE, OR ANIMAL TEXTILE MATTER."
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Mary Matilda Whiting, of Cornbrook Park, in the City
of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Inventor and Patentec, for an
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER WIRES,
WOVEN WIRE CLOTH, AND WIRE GAUZE AND FINE WIRE DRAWING, by the
USE AND APPLICATION OF EITHER PHOSPHOR BRONZE, PHOSPHORISED BRONZE,
PHOSPHOR BRASS, OR PHOSPHORISED BRASS, IN COMBINATION WITH COPPER
OR ANY MINERAL, VEGETABLE, OR ANIMAL TEXTILE MATTER."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Mary Matilda Whiting at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 5th October 1881.
MARY MATILDA WHITING, of Cornbrook Park, in the City of Manchester,
in the County of Lancaster, Inventor and Patentee. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF PAPER WIRES, WOVEN WIRE CLOTH, AND WIRE GAUZE and
FINE WIRE DRAWING, BY THE USE AND APPLICATION OF EITHER PHOSPHOR
BRONZE, PHOSPHORISED BRONZE, PHOSPHOR BRASS, OR PHOSPHORISED BRASS, IN
COMBINATION WITH COPPER OR ANY MINERAL, VEGETABLE, OR ANIMAL TEXTILE
MATTER."
This Invention consists of the use and application of either phosphor bronze or
phosphorised bronze, and also the use and application of either phosphor brass or
phosphorised brass applied to the purpose of fine wire drawing, and weaving into
paper wire cloth or wire gauze from one mesh to the lineal inch up to one hundred
and fifty meshes or more to the lineal inch.
I take either phosphor bronze or phosphorised bronze metal, and either phosphor
brass or phosphorised brass metal in any shape or form, either thick or thin, hot
or cold, hard or soft, wet or dry, clean or dirty, and then proceed by means of

page_text: plates, jewels, and blocks, and a wire drawing bench, frame, table, or machine,
worked by either gas, hand power, steam power, water power, compressed air,
electricity, or any other motive power, to draw all or either to any degree of
fineness down to number forty five on the Birminghain wire gauge, or smaller, and
to soften, anneal, and clean either or all of these metals in open or enclosed pots or
pans, or an oven, or furnace, or muffler, heated either by gas, steam, hot air, hot
water, or by the combustion of coal, burgy slack, coke, wood, charcoal, oil, or any
other incans.
I also take, use, and apply either phosphor bronze or phosphorised bronze wire,
and either phosphor brass or phosphorised brass wire, together or separately, or
either or all of them in combination with copper wire, standard brass wire, union
brass wire, best brass wire, common or yellow brass wire, or any metallic wire, for
the purpose of weaving into paper wire cloth or wire gauze to any degree or count
of coarseness or fineness by means of looms worked either by gas, hand power,
steam power, water power, compressed air, electricity, or any motive power.
My Invention also consists in taking, using, and applying―
Either phosphor bronze or phosphorised bronze wire for warp, with either
phosphor bronze or phosphorised bronze wire for weft.
Either phosphor bronze or phosphorised bronzo wire for warp, with either
phosphor brass or phosphorised brass wire for weft.
Either phosphor bronze or phosphorised bronze wire for warp, with copper wire
for weft, or vice versa.
Either phosphor bronze or phosphorised bronze wire for warp, with standard
brass wire for weft, or vice versa.
Either phosphor bronze or phosphorised bronze wire for warp, with union brass
wire for weft, or vice versa.
Either phosphor bronze or phosphorised bronze wiro for warp, with best brass
wire for weft, or vice versa.
Either phosphor bronze or phosphorised bronze wire for warp, with common or
yellow brass wire for weft.
Either phosphor bronze or phosphorised bronze wire for warp, with any metallic
wire for weft, or vice versa.
Either phosphor brass or phosphorised brass wire for warp, with either phosphor
bronze or phosphorised bronze wire for weft.
Either phosphor brass or phosphorised brass wire for warp, with either phosphor
brass or phosphorised brass wire for weft.
Either phosphor brass or phosphorised brass wire for warp, with copper wire for
weft, or vice versa.
Either phosphor brass or phosphorised brass wire for warp, with standard brass
wire for weft, or vice versa.
Either phosphor brass or phosphorised brass wire for warp, with union brass
wire for weft, or vice xersa.
Either phospor brass or phosphorised brass wire for warp, with best brass wire
for weft, or vice versu.
Either phosphor brass or phosphorised brass wire for warp, with common or
yellow brass wire for weft.
Either phosphor brass or phosphorised brass wire for warp, with any metallic
wire for weft, or vice versa.
I use either silk thread, cotton thread, woollen or worsted thread, linen or any
other stuff thread, or any mixed stuffs' thread, or any mineral, vegetable, or animal
textile matter for the purpose of being embodied in the outside inches of both
sides of the warp so as to form a selvage or binding thread to all, any, or either of
the before mentioned metallic wires to be used and applied for weaving into paper
wire cloth or wire gauze, and I use, draw, anneal, clean, soften, and weave all, any,
or either of the before mentioned metallic wires into paper wire cloth or wire
gauze, without using or embodying any silk, cotton, woollen, or worsted, linen, or

page_text: any stuff thread, or any mixed stuffs' thread, or any mineral, or vegetable, or
animal textile matter.
I also take, use, and apply either phosphor bronze or phosphorised bronze metal,
and either phosphor brass or phosphorised brass metal separately or together, or in
amalgamation with all, any, or either of the before mentioned metallic substances
or any other metallic substance for the purpose of mixing or blending into an
amalgam for drawing and weaving into paper wire cloth or wire gauze either by
gas, hand power, or any other motive power to any count in fineness or coarseness
from one mesh to tho lineal inch up to one hundred and fifty meshes or more to
the lineal inch, and to any width from six inches wide or under up to fifteen feet
wide or more.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Mary Matilda Whiting in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
5th April 1882.
MARY MATILDA WHITING, of Cornbrook Park, in the City of Manchester, in
the County of Lancaster, Inventor and Patentee. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF PAPER WIRES, WOVEN WIRE CLOTH, AND WIRE GAUZE AND FINE
WIRE DRAWING, BY THE USE AND APPLICATION OF EITHER PHOSPHOR BRONZE,
PHOSPHORIZED BRONZE, PHOSPHOR BRASS, OR PHOSPHORISED BRASS, IN COMBI-
NATION WITH COPPER OR ANY MINERAL, VEGETABLE, OR ANIMAL TEXTILE
MATTER."
This Invention consists of improvements in the manufacture of paper makers'
machine wires, wire cloth, wire gauze, and fine wire drawing; also in wire work,
such as dandy rollers, bank note moulds, and paper moulds, sieves, riddles, screens,
strainers, dressers, and winnowers, wire mattresses, miners' lamps, drum, washer,
and backing wire, wire for suspending pictures and china, and wire thread, and
rivets; and also in the manufacture of perforated, punched, drilled, and stabbed
metal sheets, plates, strips, and ribbons; also in stamped, sawn, struck, and cut
frets and friezes.
Various attempts have been made for the purpose of effecting the objects
mentioned in the title of my said Letters Patent in a satisfactory manner, but
hitherto without much success, the difficulty being that soft metals or wires, such
as copper, are too ductile and yielding, consequently they soon become elongated,
bagging, buckling, and losing their shape and formation, so much so as to be
rendered unserviceable and useless, while on the other hand hard wires or metals,
such as brass, are extremely sensitive to atmospheric influences, and moreover quite
unable to resist the action of acids, chemicals, or moisture of any kind, so that they
quickly corrode and become brittle and rotten, speedily cracking and breaking up,
in fact perishing, thereby causing great loss of money and expense in renewals, and
much waste of time for repairs.
The especial object of my Invention is to obviate such serious defects, and
I accomplish this very effectively by the use of either phosphor bronze or
phosphorised bronze, and phosphor brass or phosphorised brass, in combination
with copper, brass, tin, lead, zinc, bronze, white metal, or any kind of metal or
wire, or any mineral, vegetable, or animal matter, textile or otherwise.
And my Invention consists of the use and application of phosphor bronze or
phosphorised bronze, and of phosphor brass or phosphorised brass, as applied to the
purpose of fine wire drawing and weaving into paper makers' machine wire cloth,
and into any and every other kind of wire cloth and wire gauze or wire work.
Thick phosphor brass or bronze wire is immersed in a bath of from 0.125 to
5 per cent of phosphorus, with 5 per cent. of sulphuric acid and 95 per cent. of
water. It is then drawn down one gauge thinner through plates or jewels. I then
place it in an open pot having a thin layer of phosphorus at the bottom; it is then
bedded in charcoal which is ignited and left burning for several hours; the heat
softens the wire and makes it ready for drawing to a still finer gauge. By thus
alternating these processes I can draw the aforesaid wire down to any degree of
gauge required. This process phosphorises the metal and produces the kind of
metallic compound or quality of metal which is herein called "phosphorised."
I take either phosphor bronze or phosphorised bronze metal, and either phosphor
brass or phosphorised brass metal in any shape or form, either thick or thin, hot or
cold, hard or soft, wet or dry, clean or dirty, separately or together, or in com-
bination with all, any, or either of the herein before mentioned metallic substances,

page_text: and then proceed by means of plates, jewels, blocks, and a wire drawing bench,
frame, table, or machine, to draw all, any, or either of these substances to any degree
of fineness down to No. 45 on the Birmingham wire gauge, or finer, and to soften,
anneal, and clean all, any, or either, in open or enclosed pots or pans, or in ovens, or
furnaces, or in muffles.
And my Invention further consists of the use and application of phosphor bronze
wire or phosphorised bronze wire, and either phosphor brass wire or phosphorised brass
wire, together or separately, or in combination with either copper wire, standard
wire, bronze wire, union brass wire, best or best best brass wire, common or yellow
brass wire, or any other kind of metallic wire for the purpose of boing woven and
made into paper makers' machine wires, drum, washer, and backing wire, straining
wire cloth and wire cloth covers for dandy rollers, and further into any and every
other kind of wire cloth and wire gauze or wire-work to any degree or count in
fineness or coarseness up to 150 counts or meshes to the lineal inch and upwards,
by means of looms worked by any suitable motive power.
And in carrying out my said Invention I further take, use, and apply either
phosphor bronze wire or phosphorised bronze wire for warp, with phosphor bronze
wire for weft. Either phosphor bronze wire or phosphorised bronze wire for warp,
with phosphorised bronze wire for weft. Either phosphor bronze wire or phos
phorised bronze wire for warp, with phosphor brass wire for weft. Either phosphor
bronze wire or phosphorised bronze wire for warp, with phosphorised brass
wire for weft. Either phosphor bronze wire or phosphorised bronzo wire for warp,
with copper or bronze wire for weft, or vice versa. Either phosphor bronze wire
or phosphorised bronze wire for warp, with standard brass wire for weft, or
vice versa. Either phosphor bronze wire or phosphorised bronze wire for warp,
with union brass wire for weft, or vice versa. Either phosphor bronze wire or
phosphorised bronze wire for warp, with best or B. B. brass wire for weft, or
vice versa. Either phosphor bronze wire or phosphorised bronze wire for warp, with
common or yellow brass wire for weft, or vice versa. Either phosphor bronze wire
or phosphorised bronze wire for warp, with any metallic wire for weft, or vice versa.
Either phosphor brass wire or phosphorised brass wire for warp, with phosphor
brass wire for weft. Either phosphor brass wire or phosphorised brass wire for
warp, with phosphorised brass wire for weft. Either phosphor brass wire or
phosphorised brass wire for warp, with phosphor bronze wire for weft. Either
phosphor brass wire or phosphorised brass wire for warp, with phosphorised bronze
wire for weft. Either phosphor brass wire or phosphorised brass wire for warp,
with copper or bronze wire for weft. Either phosphor brass wire or phosphorised
brass wire for warp, with standard brass wire for weft, or vice versa. Either
phosphor brass wire or phosphorised brass wire for warp, with union brass wire for
weft, or vice versa. Either phosphor brass wire or phosphorised brass wire for
warp, with best or B. B. brass wire for weft, or vice versa. Either phosphor brass
wire or phosphorised brass wire for warp, with common or yellow brass wire for
weft, or vice versa. Either phosphor brass wire or phosphorised brass wire for
warp, with any metallic wire for weft, or vice versa, arranged for making, and
weaving, and working as single warp, double warp, diagonal warp, twisted warp,
and twilled warp, or any suitable warp, and I use and apply all, any, or either of
the before mentioned metallic wires for seaming, basting, stitching, and joining
paper machine wire cloth and dandy rollers, and wire gauze or wire work.
And I also use and apply either phosphor bronze metal or wire or phosphorised
bronze metal or wire, and either phosphor brass metal or wire or phosphorised
brass metal or wire, separately or together or in amalgamation with all, any, or
either of the herein before mentioned metallic substances or wires, or any other
metallic substance or wire, for the purpose of mixing or blending into an alloy or
amalgam for drawing into wire down to No. 45 on the Birmingham wire gauge, or
finer, and for weaving and making into paper makers' machine wire cloth, and into
any and every other kind of wire cloth and wire gauze or wire work, as herein
before described, by any suitable motive power to any count or mesh in fineness or

page_text: coarseness up to 150 counts or meshes to the lineal inch and upwards, and to any
width up to 15 feet or more.
And I also use and apply either silk thread, cotton thread, woollen or worsted
thread, linen thread, or any stuff thread, or any mixed stuffs' thread, or any mineral,
vegetable, or animal textile matter, for the purpose of being embodied into the
outside nitches on both sides of the warp, so as to form selvages, and also into the
body of the warp when required to form binding threads to all, any, or either of
the herein before mentioned metallic wires, to be taken, used, and applied for
weaving and making into paper makers' machine wire cloth, and into any and
every other kind of wire cloth and wire gauze or wiro work and woven fabrics of
any description.
And I further take, use, apply, and draw, soften, anncal, clean, and weave, and
make all, any, or either of the herein before mentioned metallic wires into paper
makers' machine wire cloth, and into any and every other kind of wire cloth and
wire gauze or wire work, without using or embodying any silk, cotton, woollen, or
worsted linen stuff, or any mixed stuffs' thread, or any mineral, vegetable, or animal
textile matter.
And I also use and apply either phosphor bronze or phosphorised bronze, and
cither phosphor brass or phosphorised brass sheets, plates, strips, and ribbons to be
perforated, punched, drilled, and stabbed into any pattern designed or required for
useful and ornamental purposes, and for ventilation, window blinds, childron's cribs,
bird cages, fire guards, and fenders; and also for sieves, riddles, screens, strainers,
percolators, dressing and winnowing machines; and, further, for cutting, sawing,
stamping, and striking into useful and ornamental frets and friezes for ornamenting
furniture and pianofortes, and for ornamenting fenders, lamps, chandeliers, bird
cages, corona bands, gas fittings, aquariums, fern cases, aviaries, ventilators, and
reflectors.
I also use and apply either phosphor bronzo or phosphorised bronze, and phosphor
brass or phosphorised brass sheets, plates, strips, and ribbons, with holes or
apertures made to any shape, design, or form, for paper making, mining, and
chemical purposes, for miners' safety lamps; further, for screening minerals,
chemicals, and agricultural produce, and for filtering oils, liquids, and spirits.
I also use either phosphor bronze wire or phosphorised bronze wire, and either
phosphor brass wire or phosphorised brass wire for manufacturing into wire work,
such as sieves, riddles, screens, strainers, dressers, and agitators for minerals,
diamonds, and mining purposes; also for oils, spirits, syrups, sugar, liquids, and
chemicals, wet or dry; and, further, for four dressing and winnowing any and
every kind of agricultural produce, such as grain, seeds, berries, likewise for fire
and fire escape guards, and for miners' safety lamps and dandy rollers.
I also use and apply either phosphor bronze wire or phosphorised bronze wire,
and phosphor brass wire or phosphorised brass wire, for manufacturing wire picture
and china suspenders, either single, doubled, cable, or spiral; likewise for wire
threads and rivets for sewing and rivetting boots and shoes, hose pipe and
couplings, and, further, for manufacturing spring mattresses with apertures either
round, square, diamond, sexagon, hexagon, or in any other form, and with square,
round, oval, diagonal, vertical, or any other suitable kind of springs.
Phosphor bronzo, phosphorised bronzo, phosphor brass, or phosphorised brass
possess the following valuable properties:-
1. They will neither rust nor corrode.
2. They resist the action of acids and chemicals.
3. They are not affected by moisture or atmospheric influences.
4. Their strength is very much greater than that of iron or stecl.
5. They are more durable than copper.
6. They can be rolled and drawn as soft as lead or as hard as steel.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I would have it to
be distinctly understood that I do not confine myself to the precise details herein

page_text: laid down or described, and that I do not claim the sole right to use any of the
herein before mentioned substances, alloys, or metals for casting purposes, but what
I claim and desire to be secured to me by the herein before in part recited Letters
Patent is,-
1. The manufacture, use, adaptation, and application of the several materials and
combinations of materials in the production of paper makers' machine wire, wire
cloth, and wire work, substantially as herein before described.
2. The blending of the various metals and other substances in the mannor and
for the several purposes, substantially as hereinbefore described.
3. The application of the several materials to the various useful purposes, and
production and ornamentation of the several manufactured articles, substantially as
herein before described.
4. The manufacture, use, adaptation, and application of phosphorised bronze wire
and phosphorised brass wire in the several forms, proportions, and combinations
with the several other materials herein specified, for the several purposes and in
the manner substantially as herein before described, or any more modification
thereof.
In witness whereof, I, the said Mary Matilda Whiting, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Fourth day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty two.
MARY MATILDA WHITING. (L.S.)