Improvements in the Manufacture of Cement.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 26th Mar., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 27th Dec., 1889-Accepted, 1st Feb., 1890.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Cement.
I JOHN WILLIAM HENRY JAMES of Victoria Mansions Westminster in the County
of Middlesex Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
In the modern proposed and attempted rapid processes of the manufacture of
cement by revolving furnaces there is a serious error in practice, inasmuch as
although the needful temperature is obtained there is not the necessary time allowed
for molecular diffusion of the elements amongst each other, so as to form a true
chemical compound. As all the materials employed in the manufacture of cement are
in a solid state, at a high temperature, the molecules, although mixed as intimately as
practicable by mechanical means, are not brought into such actual contact as is needful
to form a true chemical compound such as is formed when the reagents are in the
liquid or gaseous state. Hence an extended time is necessary to allow of the proper
diffusion of the molecules amongst each other, as is the case in the manufacture of
steel, infusible chromates and the like reactions which require the inter diffusion of
solids. In carrying out my said invention I adopt means to keep the cement at a
high temperature after it leaves the furnace, and for this purpose I provide chambers
or receptacles in which the calcined clinker is maintained at a high temperature for a
considerable length of time. The said chambers or receptacles may be of any desirable
number and are by preference built of brick or other refractory material which is at
the same time a slow conductor of heat. The hot calcined clinker is charged directly
into one of the said chambers or receptacles and allowed there to remain for any
desired length of time. When one of the said chambers or receptacles is full close
it so as to maintain the calcined cement at a high temperature. By so doing the
double silicate of lime and alumina has time to complete its formation and form a quick
setting and strong cement.
When revolving calciners are used I provide any desirable number of the said
chambers or receptacles-when say four are used 1 deliver the cement into one of them,
while two others remain full and the other is being discharged.
For the purpose of conveying the cement into any of the said chambers or
receptacles which it may be desired to fill, I provide any convenient means of 'con-
veying the calcined clinker such as worm conveyor, endless band or revolving table or
any other suitable méchanical ineans. But by preference I employ a revolving-table
constructed of brick work, there being scrapers to remove the cement from the table at
the proper time.
Dated thin 5th of Mich 1000
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Cement.
I JOHN WILLIAM HENRY JAMES of 9 Victoria Mansions, Westminster in the
County of Middlesex Engineer, do hereby. declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner. the same is to be, performed, to be, particularly, described and ascertained
in and by the following statement
:-
In the modern proposed and attempted rapid processes of the manufacture of cement
by revolving furnaces there is a serious error in practice inasmuch as although the
needful temperature is obtained there is not the necessary time allowed for molecular

page_text: diffusion of the elements amongst each other so as to form a true chemical compound.
As all the materials employed in the manufacture of cement are in a solid state at a
high temperature the molecules, although mixed as intimately as practicable by
mechanical means, are not brought into such actual contact as is needful to form a true
chemical compound such as is formed when the reagents are in the liquid or gaseous
state hence an extended time is necessary to allow of the proper diffusion of the
molecules amongst each other as is the case in the manufacture of steel, infusible
chromates and the like reactions which require the inter diffusion of solids.
In carrying out my said invention I adopt means to keep the cement at a high
temperature after it leaves the furnace, and for this purpose I provide maturing
chambers or receptacles in which the calcined clinker is maintained at a high
temperature for a considerable length of time. The said chambers or receptacles may
be of any desirable number, and are by preference built of brick lined with firebrick,
or other refractory material which is at the same time a slow conductor of heat. The
hot calcined clinker is charged directly into one of the said chambers or receptacles
and allowed there to remain for any desired length of time. When one of the said
chambers or receptacles is full I close it so as to maintain the calcined clinker at a
high temperature. By so doing the double silicate of lime and alumina has time to
complete its formation and form a quick setting and strong cement.
When revolving calciners are used I provide any desirable number of the said
chambers or receptacles, when say four are used 1 deliver the cement into one of them,
while two others remain full and the other is being discharged.
The calcined clinker is either allowed to fall directly from delivery end of revolver
into any one of the group of maturing chambers which it is desired to fill, or I provide
any 'convenient means of conveying the calcined clinker to the said chambers or
receptacles, such as worm conveyor, endless band, or a revolving table constructed of
brick work, there being scrapers to remove the cement from the table at the proper
time, or any other suitable mechanical means may be used for the purpose.
For the purpose of discharging the cement clinker, the inner walls of the maturing
chambers are sloped at bottom towards their centres, thus facilitating the removal of
the clinker which is effected by means of creepers or other suitable mechanical means,
or the said chambers or receptacles may be emptied in any other convenient manner.
In order that my invention and the manner of utilizing the same may be more fully
understood I have appended a drawing showing one method of carrying my invention
into effect; this arrangement consisting of a group of four maturing chambers in
connection with a revolving calciner.
The reference letters denote corresponding parts in all the views :-
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal vertical section through maturing chambers and through
centre of revolver.
Fig. 2 is a transverse vertical section on line X X Y Y Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a horizontal section on line Z Z Fig. 1.
A delivery end of revolving calciner. B chamber through which the waste products
of combustion pass from revolver. C way or shoot into which the calcined clinker is
delivered from the revolver A. D¹ D etc., doors covering entrances to maturing
chambers. EE openings through which doors D' etc. are manipulated. F F F F
entrances to maturing chambers. G G G G maturing chambers. H'H' H³ H* worms
or creepers for removing the cooled clinker and transferring it to elevators J', J', which
it to the finishing mills or other desired place. K openings fitted with loose
bricks, through which samples of the calcined clinker can be obtained. L openings
for admission to chambers.
carry
. The calcined clinker is discharged from the revolver A on to the inclined shoot C
down which it passes to the doors B' by which it is admitted to any one of the maturing
chambers, the clinker is allowed to fall into say G¹ until this chamber is filled, the
door D¹ is then closed to allow the clinker to nature and the door D' opened, the
chamber G being filled in the same manner, and so on, the calcined clinker being
always delivered into one of the maturing chambers while two others remain full and
the fourth is being discharged.

page_text: The inner walls of each of the maturing chambers are inclined at bottom on three
sides thus forming a trough from which the matured clinker is removed by means of
the creepers H¹ H2 H3 H and transported to the elevators J¹ J2 by which it is removed
to the finishing mills.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed 1 declare that what
I claim is
First. The manufacture of cement substantially as herein set forth.
Second. Maintaining calcined clinker at a high temperature after it leaves the furnace
for the purpose setforth.
Third. The improved method of making cement in combined revolving furnaces and
maturing chambers substantially as setforth.
Fourth. Maturing calcined clinker in chambers operated in series substantially as
setforth.
DL: ou d
of D-1000
Per pro J. T. KING
J. Johnson,
Agent.