IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING AND APPLYING MOTIVE POWER, PART OF SUCH IMPROVEMENTS BEING APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES.”
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Graddon, Engineer, of Forest Hill, in the
County of Kent, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR
APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING AND APPLYING MOTIVE POWER, PART OF SUCH
IMPROVEMENTS BEING APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES.”
5
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Graddon at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th December 1880.
"
JAMES GRADDON, Engineer, of Forest Hill, in the County of Kent. IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING AND APPLYING MOTIVE
POWER, PART OF SUCH IMPROVEMENTS BEING APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES."
The object of my Invention is to produce motive power by means of fluid or
fluids expanded or compressed separately from or in combination with each other,
such as air compressed or gas or gases produced from any matter, or steam produced
or compressed by suitable means, such as by means of a coil or coils of tube or tubes
of suitable material, and so arranged that the coil of such tubes or tube may lie
close to each other and thus form a long pipe or pipes or tubes which propose
again coiling round in the form of a scroll or otherwise or to form a tube so that
heat may pass within and without the first and other coils if required, and in
consequence of the length of pipe thus exposed to heat water is converted into
steam or explosive matter or liquid into gas before it arrives at the end of the tube
or tubes forming the coil or coils.
In some cases I may place the tubes or tube in a vessel containing oil, mercury,
or other suitable fluid for the purpose of storing heat around the coil.
One end of such tubes or tube is connected with a receiver or receivers, and
the other end of the tube or tubes with a pump or pumps or other means of
conveying water or other liquid or fluid or fluids therein for the purpose of
producing steam, gas, or gases at a required pressure without or with a receiver or
receivers to supply a cylinder or cylinders or other apparatus with air, gas, or
steam. The cylinder or cylinders is or are to contain a piston or pistons which is
or are to be forced or operated on as the pressure is permitted to take place in the
.n

page_text: cylinder or cylinders or other means employed to give motion to a crank shaft or
shafts or other shafts employed for forcing or other purposes. I also employ a pump
or pumps worked by the cylinder or cylinders or shaft or shafts for the purpose of
taking any fluid or water which may overflow from the coil into the receivers or
receiver to pass it back through the coil until it becomes vapour or gas, and thus
keep the receivers or receiver free of liquid and from the great danger of explosion
by steam being in this way produced, as the furnace containing the coil or coils is
arranged so as not to cause any part of the receiver to become over-heated and the
steam is thereby kept dry and the engine free from priming and a great economy
effected. The steam may be allowed to enter the cylinder or cylinders at every
third or other number of intermittent movements, or at every stroke if required,
and this I propose doing by placing a fast and slow speed and a screw or lever so
arranged that the slide valve or valves may be caused to act slowly or fast as may
be required. I also purpose supplying the coil or coils by injectors worked by
steam from the receivers or receiver, and thus cause the water to enter and become
steam. I also propose applying an air pump or pumps so that they may force air
through the coil of pipes, and thus cause the air to expand and keep up an
accumulating power at any required pressure in the receivers. In some cases I
work the air or other pumps from a fall of water or otherwise, and when the gas
and air is thus or otherwise produced or expanded or compressed in the receivers I
propose employing flame or electricity for the purpose of exploding by means of a
valve the gas or air in the cylinder or cylinders which are to be connected with a
box or body casting in which the rods, cranks, or shafts are to work in packing
boxes employed for the purpose of causing the box or body casting to act as a
compresser or for the storing up of momentum, and the elastic force of air or gas
which is, if thought necessary, conveyed through valves, pipes, or a pipe connecting
the body casting or box with the slide valve of the cylinder or cylinders. Coils or
cone shaped cavities may be employed connected or otherwise placed on or in a
tube or tubes leaving a space for heat to pass between them; and I also propose
employing the cylinder or cylinders or box or body casting as an engine supplied
with mixed gas or air produced separate from the coils if thought necessary. I also
propose cleaning the coils by taking them apart or causing a current of steam or
other fluid to pass through them. I also propose removing a receiver after being
charged. with air passed through the coils, and to use the receiver for motive power
without the coil or coils of tubes. The heat from the hereinbefore described flame
used for injecting the charge may be employed to evaporate spirit or liquid to
produce gas from a cone or other shaped receiver or vessel connected with the
hereinbefore described valve, and I render the air explosive by passing it through
the coil in combination with ether or other inflammable fluid, and I explode tue
charge in the cylinder from a pressure in the receiver produced as herein-before
described.
A box with grooves in the inside in the form of a scroll or otherwise may be
employed to receive the coil or to work without the coil.
I may employ the herein before described coil for heating buildings or other places
by causing air to pass through the said coil, and further I may use the said coil for
distillery or other purposes.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said James Graddon in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 29th June
188].
JAMES GRADDON, Engineer, of Forest Hill, in the County of Kent. " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR OBTAINING AND APPLYING MOTIVE
POWER, PART OF SUCH IMPROVEMENTS BEING APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES."
The object of my Invention is to produce motive power by means of fluid or
fluids expanded, or compressed, separate from, or in combination with, each other,
as air compressed or gases produced from any matter, or steam produced or com-
pressed by suitable means, such as by means of a coil or coils of tube or tubes of
suitable material, and so arranged that the coil or coils of such tube or tubes may
be close to each other, and thus form a long pipe or pipes or tubes which I propose
again coiling round in the form of a scroll or otherwise, or to form a tube so that
heat may pass within and without the first and other coils if required, and in
consequence of the length of pipe thus exposed to heat water is converted into
steam or explosive matter or liquid into gas before it arrives at the end of the tube
or tubes forming the coil or coils. In some cases I may place the tube or tubes
in a vessel containing oil, mercury, or other suitable fluid, for the purpose of
storeing heat around the coil, one end of such tube or tubes is connected with a
receiver or receivers, and the other end of the tube or tubes with a pump or other
means of conveying water, or other liquid or fluid or fluids, therein for the purpose
of producing steam, gas, or gases at a required pressure with or without a receiver
or receivers to supply a cylinder or cylinders or other apparatus with air, gas, or
steam. The cylinder or cylinders is or are to contain a piston or pistons, which
is or are to be operated on as the pressure is permitted to take place in the cylinder
or cylinders, or other means employed to give motion to a crank shaft or shafts, or
other shafts employed for forceing or other purposes. I also employ a pump or
pumps worked by the cylinder, or cylinders, or shaft or shafts, for the purpose
of taking any fluid or matter which may overflow from the coil into the receiver or
receivers to pass it back through the coil until it becomes vapour or gas, and thus
keep the receiver or receivers without liquid and from the great danger of explosion,
by steam being in this way produced as the furnace containing the coil or coils
is arranged so as not to cause any part of the receiver to become overheated, and
the steain is thereby kept dry and the engine free from priming and a great
economy is effected.
The steam may be allowed to enter the cylinder or cylinders at every third or
other number of intermittent movements or at every stroke if required, and this
propose doing by placing a fast and slow speed, and a screw or lever so arranged
that the slide valve or valves may be caused to act slow or fast, as may be required.
I also propose supplying the coil or coils by injectors worked by steam from the
receivers or receiver, and thus cause water to enter and become steam. I also
propose applying air pump or pumps, so that they may force air through the coil
of pipe and cause the air to expand and keep up an accumulating power at any
required pressure in the receiver.
In some cases I work the air or other pumps from a fall of water or otherwise
produce, expand, or compress in the receiver. I propose employing flame or a
spark in any way produced for the purpose of exploding by means of a valve the
gas or air in the cylinder or cylinders, which are to be connected with a box or
body casting in which the rods, cranks, or shafts are to work in packing boxes
employed for the purpose of causing the box or body casting to act as a compressor
or for storeing up momentum, and the elastic force of air or gas which, if thought

page_text: Decessary, conveyed through valve pipes or a pipe connecting the body casting or
box with the slide valve of the cylinder or cylinders, coils, or cone shaped cavities
may be employed, connected or otherwise placed in or on a tube, leaving a space
for heat to pass between them. I also propose employing the cylinder or cylinders,
or box or body casting, as an engine supplied with mixed gas and air produced
separate from the coils if thought neccessary. I also propose cleaning the coils by
taking them apart, or causing a current of steam or other fluid to pass through
them. I also propose removing a receiver after being charged with air passed
through the coils, and to use the receiver for motive power without the coils of tubes.
The heat from the herein described flame used for igniting the charge may be
employed to evaporate spirit or liquid to produce gas from a cone or other shaped
receiver or vessel connected with the herein described valve, and I render the air
explosive by passing it through the coil in combination with ether or other inflamable
fluid, and I explode the charge in the cylinder from a pressure in the receiver produced,
as hereinbefore described. A box with grooves in the inside in the form of a scroll
or otherwise may be employed to receive the coil or to work without the coil. I
may employ the herein before described coil for heating buildings or other purposes
by causing air to pass through the said coil, and further I may use the said coil for
distilling or other purposes.
In order that my said Invention may be more fully described, my Invention
relates to a method of generating power with or without a receiver by means herein
described, and by a length of pipe twisted or formed into a helix and afterwards bent
or formed into a cone or spiral form, through which volatile liquid or water is forced
and inexpensively vapourised by the great heating surface to which it thus becomes
exposed, and this cone or spiral formed coil is placed in a chamber; the parts of
which the coil does not occupy is filled with heat retaining matter, thus forming a
bath in which the coil is placed, and through such coil or coils air or gas is forced
separate or in combination when thus to be expanded with or without a receiver,
from which or from the coils it is withdrawn to the motor herein described, and
which motor is to be worked separate from the coil as an engine worked by
explosive or expanded matter produced by other means or being employed as a coal
gas and air motive power engine superior to all others through being relieved of
back pressure in compressing the charge before permitted to in any forin operate on
the piston in the cylinder.
This great advantage is derived by the herein before described valve acting as a
piston in a cylinder, which piston is operated by the means of a lever or rod con-
nected with a fulcrum, and so arranged as to be moved by a cam or other means
acting on the long end of the lever at the moment it is wanted to cause great
pressure in a separate cylinder on a piston therein employed to give motion to a
crank, causing such a piston to move at a given distance in the cylinder, and while
arriving at that distance it is relieved by the lever piston moving in a contrary
direction, and when at the distance before refered to the piston operated by the lever
thereby and instantly puts on great pressure, and, thus assisted, the engine is not
deprived of the power it would otherwise be compelled to exercise in compressing
the charge. The engine being thus assisted in compressing by the lever has an
advantage of being supplied at a high pressure caused to act at every stroke or
otherwise.
This engine as a gas engine without the compressor or compressors has a great
advantage through being constructed so as the body casting is permitted to act as
a means of taking in air separate or mixed with gas, and discharging it under
pressure for the purpose of keeping the parts cold or acting as a blast produced by
the movement of the piston in the cylinder. And another great advantage is
gained by placing two or more pistons in a cylinder, and each face of the
pistons to act as a pump and a motive power piston alternately according to
requirements by admitting the charge through a slide valve arrangement operated
by wheels arranged to cause such valves to move at a required speed; the rods of
the pistons are constructed hollow for the purpose of permitting one to work

page_text: through the other, in which they are kept tight by rings on the inside acting as
piston rings.
This arrangement will permit the driving shaft being easily operated by the
piston rods and connecting rods at one end of the cylinder, and thus effecting a great
economy of room and power. Another method of generating power is herein
described, as the lever, piston, or valve is so arranged as to form another arrange-
ment of compressor attached to the engine or otherwise employed to generate
pressure by forceing air, gas, or other matter into a receiver, or to be otherwise
used for forceing, separate or apart from the herein described, as this compressor can
be operated by any kind of motive power.
And
This compressor is constructed by placing two or more pistons in a cylinder; the
piston rod of one passes through the centre of the rod of the other, and is connected
with a rod or lever operated on by a cam, in which there are small wheels or rollers
placed to lessen friction. And this arrangement and the lever is for the purpose of
causing an assisting power to force out the charge supplied by the pistons operated
by the crank or otherwise worked to force the charge through stop valves.
after the charge is thus forced in by the crank piston forming a pump, the lever
piston empts the cylinder into anything required to be charged through check
valves, which are kept cold by water or damp vapour being forced in by the same
compressor or other means when required to force against bigh pressure for motive
power or other purposes.
And the arrangements of the slide valves as here described is to cause the engine
to act as a gas engine apart from anything herein described, or connected as thought
necessary. The compressor is to be also fixed between a motor and a receiver
containing pressure, and in this way assist the receiver in giving off motive power.
And it is applicable to the spokes or rim of a fly-wheel or wheels to compress, and
there act as a means of storeing up momentum by the elasticity of compressed air
or. gas.
Figure 1 to 8 of the accompanying Drawings shews various arrangements for
carrying out my before described improvements. Fig. 1 shews a front elevation of
the receiver A, and B is the furnace, sectioned for the purpose of shewing the
coil C in the chamber D, which contains the heat retaining matter therewith;
E is the chamber employed for heating, and F is the furnace door; G is a space
for conveying heat around the inner furnace; H is the end of the pipe into which
the volatile liquid or water is forced, and when vapourised escapes at the end I
into the receiver, or without the receiver.
Fig. 2 shews a front elevation of the engine and the body casting. A is the
base to which the cylinder B is fixed. The compressor C, and S is the piston
employed to compress and force the charge through the cavity D to the other
piston, and E is the piston rod, and F the fulcrum connected with the cylinder G
by screws or other nieans. Hand H is the bolts connecting the ends of the piston
rod I with the short end of the lever J, and K is the long end of the lever or rod
operated on by the cam L at the moment the piston M is at the distance permitted
to go by the crank or discs N acting as such; O is the bolts employed to make
firm the pin, to which the connecting rod head P is connected, and kept in place
by the screw Q, and the other end R is connected with the pistons by means of
the link U and pin; and T is the packing box and glands in which the shaft V is
to work; and W is the fly-wheel at one end of the shaft, and X the pulley at the
other, by which any machinery connected therewith is operated; Y¹ and Y' is two
wheels for the purpose of operating the cam Z, and the connecting rod a being
attached to the angle beam d, the rod b, and slide c, is moved thereby, and thus
caused to admit air or other matter through the port e, and at the same time
inflamable gas or other matter is admitted through the port f, and it is exploded
by the port H³, establishing a communication with the spark or flame in the
port I by the movement thereof; J³ is an exhaust port connected with the port Ge
by the movement of the valve after the charge has exploded and effected the
purpose for which it is thus arranged when this engine is employed as a coal gas

page_text: engine. Fig. 3 shews a section of a valve, and a large cavity at H', and an
elongated cavity at G2; Fig. 4 is a section of a slide not in a box, and air, or gas,
or other matter is admitted at port E, and gas or other matter is admitted at
port F, and into the cavity J'; a tube stopped at the outside end D³ is inserted
to be heated red hot by a gas jet or other means, and when the inflamable mixture
is permitted to enter therein by the movement of the slide connecting the chamber
with port as it thus becomes exploded; Fig. 6 shews the slide of the same.
Fig. 7 is the section of a cylinder A', in which is placed two pistons B and C³
moved by pressure resulting from explosion, or otherwise produced, and admitted
through the ports E, and the other two F5 and G6, shewn by dotted lines, to cause
each face of the pistons P7, P8, and P³, and P10, to act as a pump, and alternately
acting to give off motive power by means of the head of the piston rod, through
which the pin O¹¹ is fixed to connect it with the connecting rod Q1, and is thus
connected with the crank arm N¹³, and when operated by the pressure in the
cylinder the pistons therein is caused to move in contrary directions by the three
throw crank, and the two arms M1 and M operates with the connecting rod R15
and R, the ends of which is connected by means of a pin S17 with a block
projecting from the side of the piston, sectioned to shew the inner piston, and
around thos pistons rings VIS and W19 are placed to act as ordinary packing, and
thus produce the desired effect.
Fig. 8 shews the section of the compressor detached from any arrangement
herein described. Bd is the cylinder containing pistons, one of which A° is operated
by the piston rod Pb passing through the hollow piston R to connect with the
short end of the lever Mo, which is supported to act by the fulcrum S, G, connected
with the cylinder, and W is. the long end of the rod or lever, against which the
cam and small wheels X acts when propelled by the shaft Zo, which shaft is to
work in bearings EP; the crank arm F¹ operates the connecting rod YH, and the
other end of which T being connected with the hollow piston K by means of the
piston head and bolts Ls and the piston OP is thus permitted to make a long stroke
to draw through the valves & and d the elastic force or other matter and force it
through the stop valves Q and Q, and through the valves VL and VL, after which
it is secondly forced by the assisting power of the lever to thus generate elastic
force for motive power or other purposes when operated by an auxilliary, such as
a small engine, or power of any kind, attached to the crank shaft by any means.
Fig. 5 is the side view of the lever; the front view is shewn K in Fig. 2, and
Fig. 9 is the complete view of the engine with the suction and delivery valves Z, Z,
employed for the purpose of producing by the movement of the piston in the
cylinder the blast under pressure for cooling and other purposes.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and the meanes of
performing the same, I do not confine myself to the precise details herein laid down
and showen in the Drawing, as the same may be varied without departing from
the peculiar character of my Invention, but what I do claim is,-
Firstly. The general arrangement and construction of apparatus for generating
elistic force for motive power & other purposes, consisting of the coil and heating
apparatus, as herein before described & represented in Fig. 1 of the Drawings,
or any mere modification thereof.
Secondly. The general arrangement and construction of the improved engine to
be worked apart from the coil as a coal gas engine, with or without the assisting
apparatus for compressing, and represented as a short cylinder attached to the long
one, as shewn in Fig. 2.
Thirdly. The arrangement in general of the cylinder or body casting as a gas
engine or otherwise, employed with the pistons placed therein, and each one or all
to act as a pump and a motive power piston alternately, as may be thought best,
by the piston rods passing through each other, and connected with the crank, as
shewn in Fig. 7.
Fourthly. The compressor, shown in Fig. 8, for compressing in combination with
the berein before described arrangements, or employed for compressing or supplying

page_text: any engine or receiver with elistic force or other matter for motive power, or other
purposes separate and apart from what is herein set forth.
Fifthly. The arrangement of compresser, herein described, being employed for
forceing in water or other cooling matter when forceing air or other elastic matter
against high preasure.
Sixtly. The arrangement, as shewn in Fig. 2 and marked G, to be applied
seperete from the cylinder to which it is herein shewn attached, and thereby assist
any other motive power cylinder.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Graddon, have hereto set my hand and
seal, this 29th of June, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and eighty one.
JAMES GRADDON. (L.S.)