IMPROVE- MENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR MEASURING THE FLOW OR PASSAGE PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATIONQUIDS, WHICH IMPROVS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OBTAINING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Scott, of 33, Church Street, Chelsoa,
and Henry Young, of Oakley House, 89, Manor Street, Chelsea,
both in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR MEASURING THE FLOW OR PASSAGE
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Scott and Henry
Young at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 2nd July 1870.
We, GEORGE SCOTT, of 33, Church Street, Chelsea, and HENRY
YOUNG, of Oakley House, 89, Manor Street, Chelsea, both in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR MEASURING THE FLOW OR PASSAGE
OF LIQUIDS, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OBTAINING MOTIVE
POWER," to be as follows:-
Our improvements in means or apparatus for measuring the flow or

page_text: passage of liquids under pressure relate particularly to the arrange-
ment and construction of the valves of such apparatus.
In carrying out our Invention we employ a pair of cylindrical cases
affixed side by side, in each of which we arrange a piston with suitable
packing. To one side of each piston we connect one end of a con-
necting rod, the other end of each of which is connected to a pin from
a crank affixed to a common crank shaft which passes through and
revolves in bearings formed in the partition between the two cylinders.
Between the two piston cylinders we form a partition containing a series
of passages for conducting the water or other liquid from the "inlet"
to the various parts of the apparatus, and afterwards away from the
apparatus to the outlet pipe. The inlet and outlet of the water are
controlled by means of a pair of circular disk valves, which revolve
with the crank shaft on either side of the partition between the two
piston cylinders. The water or other liquid in passing through the
apparatus first passes into the inlet pipe; it is then conducted by a
pair of channels to both sides of the central partition into a valve
chamber in the upper part of each piston cylinder, from which it is
controlled in its passage by means of the circular disk valves which are
provided with an opening so formed as to alternately open and close
a port or opening in their seats to a passage from the upper side of one
piston and the lower side of the other piston, and when such pistons
have been moved to the end of their stroke or nearly so to open a port
or opening in the valve seat in connection with a passage for the water
or other liquid to the opposite side of each of such piston's; a chamber
is formed in each valve, which in the course of its revolutions alternately
connects and disconnects one or other of a pair of ports connected with
passages from the opposite sides of the pistons with ports or openings
in the valve seats connected with passages leading to the outlet or
exhaust pipe of the apparatus. Upon one end of the crank shaft a
tooth wheel or other means of communicating motion to an index
apparatus is affixed.
In
Our Invention relates, secondly, to obtaining motive power.
carrying out this part of our Invention we arrange the various parts
in a similar manner to that already described, but we dispense with the
index apparatus, and in place of employing water or other liquid as the
motive agent we sometimes employ steam to act on the surface of the
pistons. When employing the apparatus as a means of obtaining motive

page_text: power by means of a stuffing box we carry the crank shaft through the
outer casing of the apparatus, and affix on the same a pulley or other
means of communicating motion as required.
SPECIFICATION filed in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters
Patent, and of an Order of the Lord Chancellor, by the said George
Scott and Henry Young in the Great Scal Patent Office on the 17th
February 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, GEORGE
SCOTT, of 33, Church Street, Chelsea, and HENRY YOUNG, of Oakley
House, 89, Manor Street, Chelsea, in the County of Middlesex, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Second day of July, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-fourth year
of Her reign did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant
unto us, the said George Scott and Henry Young, Her special licence
that we, the said George Scott and Henry Young, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said George Scott
and Henry Young, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR MEASURING THE FLOW
OR PASSAGE OF LIQUIDS, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OBTAINING
MOTIVE POWER," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said
George Scott and Henry Young, our executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the sameto be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office on or
before the Seventeenth day of February One thousand eight hundred
and seventy-one.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said George Scott and Henry Young,
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner

page_text: the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement, reference being had to the Drawings
hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon, that
is to say:-
Our improvements in means or apparatus for measuring the flow or
passage of liquids under pressure relate particularly to the arrangement
and construction of the valves of such apparatus.
Our Invention is particularly applicable to liquid meters composed of
a pair of cylinders placed side by side, having pistons working therein
the connecting rods from which take on to the pins of cranks placed at
right angles to each other on a common crank shaft, and in which the
passages for conducting the water or other liquid from the inlet to the
various parts of the apparatus and afterwards away from the apparatus
to the outlet pipe are formed in a partition between the two piston
cylinders. We control the inlet and outlet of the water or other liquid
by means of circular disc valves which revolve with the crank shaft and
bear against suitable valve faces or seats formed on the partition (or on
an extension thereof) between the two piston cylinders. The water
or other liquid in passing through the apparatus first passes into the
inlet pipe, it is then conducted by channels into valve chambers corre-
sponding to each disc valve, from which chambers it is controlled in its
passage to the working cylinders by means of the said circular dise
valves which are so formed as to alternately open and close ports or
openings in their seats communicating with passages leading to the
upper and under sides of the respective pistons. A chamber is formed
in each valve which in the course of the valves revolution alternately
connects and disconnects the passages leading from the cylinders with
an exhaust port and passage leading to the outlet or exhaust pipe of the
apparatus. Upon one end of the crank shaft a tooth wheel or other
means of communicating motion to an index apparatus is fixed.
ب
Our Invention relates, secondly, to obtaining or applying motive
power. In carrying out this part of our Invention we arrange the
various parts in a similar manner to that already described, but we
dispense with the index apparatus, and in place of employing water or
other liquid as the motive agent we may employ steam to act on the
surfaces of the pistons. When so employing the apparatus we carry the
crank shaft through the outer casing by means of a stuffing box, and

page_text: affix on the same a pulley or other means of communicating motion as
required.
In Sheet 1, Fig. 1 is a vertical section of a liquid meter arranged with
a pair of our improved valves; Figs. 2 & 3 sections through exhaust &
inlet passages with partial elevations looking respectively left and right
in Fig. 1.
In Sheet 2, Fig. 4 is a half plan with valve & casing removed and half
section both on line A, A, Fig. 1; Figs. 5 and 6 horizontal sections on
lines B, B, and C, C, respectively of Fig. 1.
In Sheet 3, Fig. 7 is an elevation of valve seating showing ports and
passages; Fig. 8 horizontal section at F, F, Fig, 7 showing arrangement
of passages with valves in position; Fig. 9 view of under side of valve
scating where jointed to upper side of cylinder partition; Fig. 10
vertical section of Fig. 7 at G, G; Fig. 11 face view and section of a
valve detached; Fig. 12 section at E, E, Fig. 1 through casing, valve,
chambers and passages. Similar letters refer to like parts in all the
Figures.
a, a¹, are the two cylinders; b, b', the working pistons (one shown in
plan); c, c¹, connecting rods; d, crank shaft with cranks fixed thereon at
right angles to each other; c, the inlet passage branching into two
channels ff, which open respectively into the valve chambers g, g¹;
hand h¹, passages leading to lower ends of cylinders a, a¹; i, the outlet
passage to which j the exhaust passage leads. All these passages are
formed by preference in the partition between the cylinders in the
manner shown. k is a casting forming a prolongation of the said par-
tition, and in which the passages h, ', and j are continued; it is formed
with two faces 1, 1, against which the valves m, m³, which are faced true
to fit the faces I, l', are forced by the pressure of the fluid in the valve
chambers. The casting is fixed to the top of the cylinder partition
with the ends of its passages corresponding with those formed therein.
Bolted to it by fluid-tight joints at n, n', on either side are the casings or
hoods o, o¹, the spaces between the valve faccs 1, 1, and partitions p, p',
of the said casings form the valve chambers g, g', which are in constant
communication with the inlet by the channels f, f'. The partitions p, p',
5 form also the bearings for the crank shaft d, which turns in stuffing boxes
as q or in packing rings as q', for preventing the leakage of the liquid
from the valve chambers direct into the upper part of the cylinders.
The casings or loods o, o¹, are fixed to the top of cylinders by bolts in the

page_text: usual way. The passage / terminates in a port * in the valve face l,
passage h¹ in a port ¹ in the valve face, exhaust passage j terminates
in two ports marked j* in face l, and in two ports marked j** in face l,
and two other passages in the casting k marked h², h³, communicate
respectively by side passages h, k, with the upper ends of cylinders, and
with the ports h**, * *, in the valve faces 7 and l¹.
The valves m, m³, are constructed (as shown clearly in Fig. 11) of a
disc r having a segmental portion of its periphery cut away, so that
when the valve is turned round with the crank shaft into such a
position as to bring the opening so formed opposite to one of the ports,
say on face Fig. 8, the liquid in the valve chamber is free to flow
into it, whilst a continuation of the movement of the valve bringing the
complete portion of the disc opposite to the port closes the communi-
cation between it and the valve chamber, the radial edges of the
segmental opening in the valve being so placed as to control the
admission and cut off of the liquid to and from the cylinders by the
ports at the proper times; S is a recess or hollow formed in the disc and
arranged of such a size that when the valve is rotated into a position in
which the said hollow comes opposite to one of the supply ports it shall
make a communication between it and its corresponding exhaust port
(as for example between ³* and j** in Fig. 8) and allow of the liquid.
in the cylinder being ejected by the common exhaust passage j and
outlet i. The radial edges of the hollow 8 control the opening and
closing of the exhaust ports in the same manner as the radial edges of
the segmental opening regulate the admission and cut off. The valves
m, m³, are loose on the crank shaft, but constrained to turn with it by
means of the keys t, t, by these means the pressure of the liquid in the
valve chambers is allowed to press the valves tightly against the faces
so that no leakage can take place into the passages when the ports are
not open; u is a spur wheel fixed on the crank shaft and gearing into
a second wheel v fast on an axis u which turns in a bearing at x at one
end, and at the other end passes out through and turns in a stuffing
box and may
be connected at its outer end to a counting apparatus
in the ordinary manner for the purpose of registering the number of
strokes made by the pistons.
Y,
It will now be readily understood that water or other liquid entering
by the inlet passes by the channels f, f', to the valve chambers g, g²,
thence by one or other of the ports h, h', h³, h³, to the pistons causing

page_text: their motion, and consequently that of the crank shaft, the valves m, m³,
being made to turn with the latter control the distribution of the liquid
to the cylinders, and it finally passes out by the hollows S, S¹, in valves,
exhaust ports j*, j**, exhaust passage j, and outlet i.
In Sheet 4, Figs. 13 to 17 illustrate a modification by which we offect
the same object by one valve. The casting k is formed with a boss on
one side, which serves as a bearing for one end of the crank shaft, being
provided with a stuffing box as shown to prevent leakage into the
passages, leakage through the centre of the valve is also prevented by
a leather washe Z and collar Z on the shaft, the other end of the
crank shaft is carried by the partition in the casing or hood, as shown
in Fig. 1, Sheet 1. The passages h, h³, h², h³, in the casting are made
to terminate in four ports h*, h¹*, 12*, h³*, on one side. The valve
Fig. 16 is exactly similar in construction to that before described, but
the admission and exhaust openings are made longer to allow of the
admission and exhaust taking place through two ports at one time,
one exhaust port j* opening into exhaust passage j is made to serve
for all the ports. Fig. 15 shows the valve in position on its face in
dotted blue lines, with the positions of the two crank arms corresponding
thereto, the rotation being supposed in the direction of the arrow.
port is open for admission to upper side of piston for crank a which
is going down, port * is open for exhaust from under side of piston for
crank a, port ¹* is also open for admission to under side of piston for
crank a which is going up, and port 3* is open to exhaust from
upper side of piston for crank a¹, it will now be casy to trace the
further motion of the valve and cranks.
The
In order to adapt our apparatus for the application of motive power
we extend the crank shaft through a stuffing box in the casing, as
shown in dotted lines, Fig. 1, and fix on the outer end thereof a
pulley, toothed wheel, or other means of communicating motion as
required.
Although we have described our improved arrangement and con-
struction of valve in connection with a pair of cylinders, with pistons
actuating a continuously rotating crank shaft, we do not confine ourselves
to that particular arrangement, as our improved valve may be adapted
to receive a reciprocating partial rotary motion, instead of a continuous
one, by means of racks fixed to the piston rods gearing into pinions on
the valve bosses, or by an arrangement of levers worked by the piston

page_text: rods, or if preferred they may be arranged on an axis distinct from
the crank shaft, and driven therefrom by gearing in any convenient
manner.
Having now described the nature of our said Invention and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, we would have it under-
stood that what we claim as our Invention is,-
First. The adaptation and use in liquid meters of disc valves for the
purpose of controlling the admission and release of the water or other
liquid, constructed and applied substantially as herein-before described
and shown.
Second. The adaptation and use in connection with liquid or steam
power engines of the disc valves constructed and applied, substantially
as herein-before described and shown.
In witness whereof, wc, the said George Scott and Henry Young,
have hereto set our hands and seals, this Sixteenth day of
February, One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one.
OTODAT SCOTT
GEORGE SCOTT. (L.S.)
HENRY YOUNG. (L.S.)