IMPROVEMENTS IN THE Manufacture of METALLIC CARTRIDGE CASES.
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Richard Bayliss, of Birmingham, in
the County of Warwick, Mechanical Engineer, for the Invention of
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE Manufacture of METALLIC CARTRIDGE CASES.
Sealed the 5th May 1874, and dated the 4th March 1874.

page_text: it also somewhat reduces the thickness of the metal at the head, which
is undesirable.
The object of my Invention is to thicken the metal at the head of the
cartridge case during the course of its manufacture, so as to render the
head more solid and less liable to burst.
I accomplish this in the following manner :--After the case has been
partly drawn in the usual way I bulge out the metal at the head with
suitable tools as hercin-after described, which bulging gives the case the
appearance of having a slight, head or shoulder upon it at the solid end.
I then force the case mouth forward through a dic, which draws the
metal from the bulged part or shoulder to the solid end, thus making
the metal at the said solid end thicker than it was originally. This
process of bulging the metal at the closed end or head and reversing
the direction of the drawing of the cases I repeat if very thick solid
heads are required.
Instead of bulging the metal out as described the case may be forced
mouth forward through dies somewhat less in diameter than the case, so
as thereby to draw the metal to the solid end of the case, and thus make
it thicker and more solid at the said end. After thus preparing the
cases they are further drawn, cut to the proper length, and headed in the
usual way.
In effecting the bulging at the head of the case I use a lower die, the
interior figure of which is that of a cylinder expanded at top. Into
this die the case is forced mouth forwards by a descending tool. By
this means the bulging at the head is effected, and the percussion cap
chamber at the same time partly formed. Or the cases may be fed
into the lower die in the ordinary way, a portion of the closed end.
projecting above the die for the descending tool to act upon. When the
case thus bulged passes through the cylindrical part of the same or
another die the bulged part is compressed to the diameter of the other
part, and the metal thereby thickened.
When I effect the thickening at the head of the case by reducing the
diameter of the body I employ a cylindrical lower die expanded at top
and of less diameter than the case. By forcing the case mouth forwards

page_text: through the die the metal is drawn to the solid end or head of the case,
which is thereby solidified and thickened.
The two processes described may be combined, that is, the case with
a bulged head may be forced through a dic, by which its diameter is
reduced and the thickness of the head much increased.
By forcing the cartridge cases mouth forwards through dies according
to my Invention the metal is thickened and solidified at the head, and
they can be made from metal thinner at the commencement of the
manufacture than that required in manufacturing them in the usual
way.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Thomas Richard Bayliss in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 4th September 1874.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, THOMAS
RICHARD BAYLISS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Mechanical Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of March, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-
seventh year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Thomas Richard Bayliss, Her special
license that I, the said Thomas Richard Bayliss, my executors, admini-
strators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Thomas Richard
Bayliss, my exccutors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC CARTRIDGE CASES," upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Thomas Richard Bayliss,
my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the

page_text: same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Thomas Richard Bayliss, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement thereof, that is to say :--
In the ordinary method of manufacturing solid head metallic car-
tridge cases disks are cut from sheet metal of a proper thickness and
formed into cups by the same machine that cuts out the said disks.
These cups are annealed and drawn through dies several times until the
walls of the cases are of the proper dimensions. This process of drawing
not only reduces the thickness of the body of the cases, but it also
somewhat reduces the thickness of the metal at the head, which is
undesirable.
The object of my Invention is to thicken the metal at the head of the
cartridge case during the course of its manufacture so as to render the
head more solid and less liable to burst.
I accomplish this in the following manner :-After the case has been
partly drawn in the usual way I bulge out the metal at the head with
suitable tools as herein-after described, which bulging gives the case the
appearance of having a slight head or shoulder upon it at the solid end.
I then force the case mouth forwards through a die which draws the
metal from the bulged part or shoulder to the solid end, thus making the
metal at the said solid end thicker than it was originally. This process
of bulging the metal at the closed end or head and reversing the
direction of the drawing of the cases I repeat if very thick solid heads
are required.
Instead of bulging the metal out as described the case may be forced
mouth forwards through dies somewhat less in diameter than the case,
so as thereby to draw or force the metal to the solid end of the case, and
thus make it thicker and more solid at the said end. After thus pre-
paring the cases they are further drawn, cut to the proper length, and
headed in the usual way.
In effecting the bulging at the head of the case I use a lower or fixed
die, the interior figure of which is that of a cylinder expanded at top.

page_text: according to my Invention, that is to say, I first effect the bulging of the
closed end or head of the case or the production of an external shoulder
at the said head as illustrated in Figure 7 by means of the tools repre-
sented in section in Figures 20 and 204. The said tools consist of a
fixed die e, the interior of which has for the most part a cylindrical
figure of the same diameter as the case to be operated upon, a punch or
mandril g, and a punch or forcing tool 7. The acting end of the dice is
expended at e. The punch or forcing tool h having retired after the
bulging of a case, the mandril or punch 9 is withdrawn from the case f
and die e, leaving the bulged end f, Figure 20, in the said die e. The
next case to be bulged is fed in front of the withdrawn mandril g at tho
rear end of the die e. By the advance of the said mandril 9 it enters
the case at the rear end of the die e and carries it forward into the die,
the bulged case f left in the die e being ejected therefrom by the
advance of the said fresh case. By the advance of the mandril g it
carries the case to be operated upon sufficiently far through the die e to
cause the closed end or head of the case to project from the expanded
face e³ to the distance represented in Figure 20. While the mandril g
is held firmly in the position represented, the punch / advances and
compresses the metal of the head of the case f, Figure 20^, into the
expanded part of the die, so as thereby to form a bulged part or
shoulder a on the case, as illustrated in Figure 20, which represents the
position of the parts after the tool or punch h has advanced and fashioned
the end of the case. By the operation of the said tool h, in conjunction
with the end of the tool or mandril 9, the cap chamber in the head of
the case is at the same time partly formed. The bulging tool or punch
h retires, the mandril 9 also retires from the inside of the bulged case ƒ,
Figure 20, when the operations described are repeated.
Instead of feeding the partly made cartridge case head forwards from
the back of the dice into the said die for the purpose of afterwards
compressing the head into the expanded part e² of the said dio and
forming thereby the bulged part or shoulder a, the cartridge case f,
Figure 19, may be placed in the die e from the front thereof, and so
supported that a portion of its closed end projects beyond the acting
face of the dic e, the said projecting end of the case being supported.
by the mandril g and operated upon by the heading tool h as before
described.
The case f, with its closed end or head bulged in either of the ways

page_text: described is next placed mouth forwards in the die i of the pair of dies
or tools represented in Figure 21 and forced by the descending punch or
tool through the cylindrical part of the said die i. By thus forcing
the case mouth forwards through the die i, which is of less diameter
than the bulged part or shoulder a of the case, the metal of the said
bulged part is drawn or forced to the solid end or head of the case, and
the said case has now the cylindrical figure represented in Figures 8
and 22, the said solid end or head being thereby thickened, as shown in
the sections Figures 8 and 23.
The case, Figure 22, is next operated upon by the pair of dies or tools
,, Figure 23. The case being placed in the lower die head forwards
the upper tool & descends and further clongates the case, as shown in
Figure 9.
The cartridge case is completed by forming the rim on the exterior of
the head perfecting the cap chamber forming the anvil of the cap
chamber and contracting the mouth. These processes are effected in the
ordinary way and by tools of the ordinary kind.
The tools for forming the rim and partly shaping the anvil are repre-
sented in Figures 24, 25, 26, and 27, where k is the fixed dic, the sup-
porting mandril, and m the heading punch. By an examination of
Figures 9 and 10 it will be seen that the rim is formed by spreading or
expanding the metal of the head at the part marked a³, Figure 9, the
metal of the other part of the head being unaffected by the making of
the said rim.
The tools for completely shaping the anvil and for contracting the
mouth of the case are represented in Figure 28, n being the fixed die,
p the mandril which supports the end of the case while the anvil is
completely shaped, and g the tool which carries the case into the dio n,
and in conjunction with the mandril p completely shapes the anvil.
The tool for piercing the flash holes in the cap chamber is shown in a
connection with the lower die in Figure 29, and is marked r.
The tools for further contracting the mouth of the case are represented
in Figure 30, where t is the fixed die, u is the punch which forces the
case into the dio t, is the steel tube for ejecting the case from the dio t,
and wo is the mandril for guiding the tube and supporting the head of
the case.
0

page_text: Instead of thickening the head by first forming a bulging part or
shoulder on the exterior of the closed end of the case and afterwards
compressing the bulging part or shoulder so as to force it into and
thereby thicken the said head as before described, the said bulging of
the closed end of the case may be dispensed with and the thickening of
the head effected in the following manner:-I take the partly made
case, Figure 19, and place it mouth forwards in a fixed die similar to the
fixed die of Figure 21, but of less diameter than the said die, and I
force the said case, Figure 19, through the said die by means of a
forcing tool. By the forcing of the case mouth forwards through a die
by which its diameter is reduced the metal is drawn or carried in the
direction of the closed end of the case, which said closed end is thereby
thickened. Or the partly made case with a bulged head, as in Figure 21,
may be forced through a die of less diameter than that represented in
the said Figure 21, so as to reduce the diameter of the case at the same
time that the bulged part is being compressed and forced into the head.
By the last described treatment in which the two processes herein-before
described are combined the head is thickened both by the forcing for-
wards of the metal of the bulged part of the case as well as by the
reduction of the diameter of the said case.
By forcing the partially formed cartridge cases mouth forwards.
through dies according to my Invention the metal is thickened and
solidified at the head, and the said cases can be made from metal thinner
at the commencement of the manufacture than that required in manu-
facturing them in the usual way.
By my improvements the number of drawing processes is less than
that required to reduce metal of the thickness which has to be used in
the ordinary method of manufacture, and the strength of the metal is
not so much injured or diminished in consequence of the less strain or
tension put upon it. Further, the reverse direction of the drawing
whereby I effect the thickening of the head neutralizes more or less the
injury done by the strain put upon the metal by the ordinary drawing
processes, and the direct and forcible compression to which the métal of
the head is especially subjected gives to the metal of the head great
density and strength.
I have not thought it necessary to describe and represent the
machine he whisk
taale
actuated
صباء

page_text: said machinery is in common use, and constitutes no part of my
Invention.
In order that my Invention may be the better understood I have
described and represented the several stages of the manufacture of a
solid head metallic cartridge case, including the stages constituting my
Invention from the blank to the finished case, but I wish it to be
understood that several of the said stages of the manufacture herein
described and represented constitute no part of my Invention. The
tools and processes by which the blank Figure 1 is made to pass
through the various stages represented in Figures 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6
constitute no part of my Invention. Neither do the tools and processes
by which the partially formed cartridge case is made to pass through the
various stages of its manufacture represented in Figures 9, 10, 11, 12,
and 13 constitute any part of my Invention, but the several stages of
manufacture whereby the head or closed end of the case is thickened,
which stages arc illustrated in Figures 7 and 8, together with the modi-
fication of the said stages herein described, constitute my Invention.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner
in which the same is to be performed; I wish it to be understood that I
do not limit myself to the precise details herein described and illustrated,
as the same may be varied without departing from the nature of my
Invention, but I claim as my Invention of improvements in the manu-
facture of metallic cartridge cases, thickening and strengthening the
closed ends or heads of solid head metallic cartridge cases by subjecting
the case after it has been partly drawn to the treatment herein-before
described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings, that is to say,
bulging out or shouldering the metal at the closed end or head of the
partly drawn case and afterwards forcing the case mouth forwards
through a cylindrical die, which draws or forces the metal of the said
bulged part or shoulder to the closed end or head of the case, the said
bulging of the metal and reversing of the drawing process being
repeated if necessary, or forcing the partly drawn case without a bulged
part or shoulder mouth forwards through a cylindrical die of less
diameter than the case, so as to draw or force the metal to the solid-end
or head of the case, or first bulging or shouldering the metal at the head
of the case and forcing the case mouth forwards through a cylindrical
dic of less diameter than the case, so as to draw or force the metal of
the reduced case and that of the bulged or shouldered part of the

page_text: case to the closed end or head thereof, substantially as described and
illustrated.
In witness whereof, I, the said Thomas Richard Bayliss, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of August,
in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
four.
Witness,
GEORGE SHAW.
THOMAS RICHARD BAYLISS. (L.S.)