matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CLEANING WHEAT AND OTHER GRAIN
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Chambers at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th February 1873.
I, RICHARD CHAMBERS, of Bow, in the County of Middlesex, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CLEANING WHEAT AND OTHER GRAIN," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object the cleaning of wheat or other grain
by passing it between two discs, one rotary the other stationary, on the
adjacent sides of which said discs are set wedged shaped projections or
knives having roughened sides.
When the upper disc is made to rotate the wheat or grain is agitated
and cleaned by contact with the said roughened sides of the wedged
shaped projections; which said projections are arranged on the discs in
such relation to cach other that when the upper disc revolves the
projections thereon will correspond with the interstices between the
projections on the lower disc, and the thin edge of each wedged pro-
jection on the upper disc shall first pass the thin edge of each wedged
projection on the lower disc, thereby alternately narrowing the space

page_text: through which the wheat or grain is passed, and most effectually
cleaning the same between the roughened surfaces or sides of tho
projections.
In constructing the apparatus I employ a cylindrical standard or
bearing, in which is rivetted or bolted a disc. Through this disc is a
shaft having keyed thereto another disc which occupies a position above
the stationary disc, and the said discs have on their adjacent sides
wedged shaped projections or knives as herein-before described. A cap
or cover is placed above the rotary disc, and a hopper is provided for
feeding the wheat or grain to the said rotary disc and the lower or
stationary one.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SHAPING AND POLISHING STONE, MARBLE, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Tomlinson Bousfield
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 21st April 1873.-A communication from abroad by
Charles William Lewis, of New York, in the United States of
America.
I, GEORGE TOMLINSON BOUSFIELD, of Sutton, in the County of
Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SHAPING AND POLISHING STONE, MARBLE,
AND OTHER SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:
"
Q
The nature of this Invention relates to the manner of suspending
discs for grinding and polishing stone, marble, and other substances, so
that they can have, at the same time or independently, three different
motions, vertical, horizontal, and rotary, all produced by the mechanical
motor, or if preferred by a combination of mechanical and manual
power. It also relates to the combination with the above device

page_text: of a system of adjustable supports or bearers by which a stone or
other substance can be presented to the action of the grinding disc,
so that straight, plane, or curved surfaces or their combination can
be obtained and duplicated with perfect accuracy without the exercise
of specially skilled or of exhausting labor on the part of the operator.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN FIRE-PLACES AND FLUES FOR CONSUMING AND ECONOMIZING FUEL FOR HEATING AND VENTILATING ROOMS AND BUILDINGS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Huntly Charles Lawton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th March 1873.
I, HUNTLY CHARLES LAWTON, of Bayswater, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN FIRE-PLACES AND FLUES FOR CONSUMING AND ECONOMIZING FUEL FOR
HEATING AND VENTILATING ROOMS AND BUILDINGS," to be as follows:-
-
This Invention has for object improved arrangements of fire-places
and flues for heating and ventilating rooms and buildings whereby fuel
is greatly economized. For this purpose the flue above an ordinary fire-
place is caused to take a winding, zig-zag, serpentine, or circuitous route
within the chimney breast or walls of the room or building to be heated,
thereby such circuitous flue leading into a vertical or ordinary flue near
the ceiling of the room or building, which flue or chimney conducts the
smoke and gases away through the roof into the outer atmosphere.
The fire-place is so arranged that it can be used as a close stove to
consume the fuel with a quick draught, when the fire is first lighted,
and by this means impart great heat to the brickwork or other materials

page_text: forming the circuitous flue which absorbs nearly all the heat generated
by the combustion of the fuel, thus forming a reservoir by which the
heat is stored up when the draught is cut off, and from which the room
or building is supplied with heat for a considerable time.
Dampers are so arranged as to cut off the draught from the fire 5
through the circuitous flues, the draught by opening a damper being then
allowed to pass direct into an ordinary flue or chimney above the fire-
place, which can then be used as an ordinary open fire-grate, thus
affording the cheerful appearance of an open fire when desired.
Flues for tho admission of warm air into the room or building are so 1
arranged in combination with the circuitous flues as to warm the air in
its passage from the outer atmosphere through such flues before it enters
the room or building.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RAILWAYS, IN ROLLING STOCK FOR SAKE, AND IN OTHER APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Henry Tatham at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on tho
8th March 1873.
I, GEORGE HENRY TATHAM, of No. 52, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Surveyor, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RAILWAYS, IN
ROLLING STOCK FOR SAKE, AND IN OTHER APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH,”
to be as follows:-
I have engine, tender, and trucks running on the rails, and the body
of the carriages below the rails.
I purpose to carry out this Invention by having the usual up and down
lines, each rail laid on longitudinal sleepers, the rails (I prefer the wide
gauge) must not be laid down on earth embankment, but raised from
the ground, say 8 to 10 feet, supported by means of 3 parallel iron
girders or brick arches, so as to leave an open space between each rail
of the up and down lines; I then have the engine and any number of
railway trucks to run on the lines, as usual; from the ends of cach
truck I fix suspended so as to hang down between the open rails a strong

page_text: iron V shape brace, I then suspend the body from end to end of the
carriage (without wheels) between the two V shape braces, letting the
bottom of the carriage be suspended a foot or two off the ground.
The utility of my Invention is that only the engines can meet in
case of collision. In one train overtaking the other the engine can 5
only run into the trucks. Also when an engine runs off the lines
or over the embankment the carriages will remain perfectly safe.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESERVING MEAT AND OTHER ARTICLES OF FOOD
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James George Petrie at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th August 1878.
I, JAMES GEORGE PETRIE, of 142, Tottenham Road, Southgate Road,
in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRESERVING MEAT AND OTHER ARTICLES OF
FOOD," to be as follows :—
This Invention has for its object improvements in preserving meat and
other articles of food. For this purpose the meat or other article of food
is dipped in a solution of the following substances :—
Bisulphite of lime, 2 gallons.
Bisulphite of soda, ½ ".
Bisulphite of alumina, 1 pint.
And sugar, 2 lbs.
The meat or other article of food is then hung up to dry in the air,
and it is then ready if necessary to be packed for transport.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF HARNESSING ANIMALS, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Julius Van Den Bergh at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st January 1873..
I, JULIUS VAN DEN BERGH, of Portsmouth, Merchant, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE
OF HARNESSING ANIMALS, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR," to be as follows:-
The improvements have for their object the speedy attachment and
release of animals harnessed to vehicles, and consist in fixing to tho
splinter bar, poles, or shafts, or other convenient part of the vehicle,
one or more apparatus resembling in form a buckle, consisting of a
metal plate having a moveable metal tongue working in journals at one
end of the plate, and secured and released from the other end of plate
by a moveable catch of metal hinged on said plate, of sufficient weight
and capable of being inclined in the direction of the traces at a sufficient
angle to keep the moveable tongue in place when the trace is affixed
to it and in use, the tongue being so curved that when released and
pulled forward the trace will glide off.
Also constructing the trace, or that part of it near the improved
attachment plate and prong, or tongue, on a swivel so that the trace

page_text: can be turned round in any direction, and the ring or other contrivance
by which the trace is connected to the tongue preserve its position
and work freely on or off the tongue.
The action when in use is as follows:-When it is desired to release
the animal drawing, or otherwise, the moveable inclined catch is drawn
back by hand, or a suitable cord may be attached to it, and the onward
motion of the animal pulls forward the moveable tongue to which
the trace is connected and the tongue is drawn forward and so that
the trace draws off the tongue and the animal is immediately liberated
from the vehicle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE MOULDING OF ARTIFICIAL FUEL WHEN IN A WET OR PASTY CONDITION
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Page at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th December
1878.
I, FRANCIS PAGE, of Thurles, in the County of Tipperary, Ireland, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED IN THE MOULDING OF ARTIFICIAL FUEL WHEN IN A WET
OR PASTY CONDITION," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates more particularly to the moulding of cylinders,
blocks, or lumps, from a wet or pasty mass intended to be used as
artificial fuel, as for example from a ground or incorporated mixture of
anthracite dust, clay, and water.
Previously to my said Invention such mixtures have been manipu-
lated into balls of a suitable size to be used as fuel, the hands alone being
used, and also expensive plants of machinery have been employed to
mould such mixtures preparatory to the drying thereof.
According to my said Invention I effect the said moulding by means
of a hand moulding apparatus consisting of a cylindrical or other shaped
mould, fitted with a plunger for effecting the discharge of the moulded
mass.

page_text: I have found that when using a cylindrical mould, having sharp edges
and tapering internally, the lumps or masses may be quickly formed by
plunging the open mouth of the mould into a mass of the mixture, and
by then forcing out the moulded mass by means of the aforesaid piston,
which is suitably formed; fitted, and arranged to be operated upon by t
the hand. The lumps or masses so formed may be used at once or be
dried as may be preferred or found to be most convenient.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING HANDKERCHIEPS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Smith Raworth at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on tho
11th March 1873.
I, JOHN SMITH RAWORTH, of Chesterfield, in the County of Derby,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING HANDKERCHIEPS," to be as follows:—
This Invention is applicable to looms having two or more shuttles, and
is for the purpose of facilitating the manufacture of handkerchiefs or any
articles having a border, cran alteration of pattern occurring at intervals,
or very large patterns. It is applicable to looms worked with Diggles'
chain, and to looms worked with the Stockport chain, both of which aro
well known to the trade.
In applying this Invention to looms with Diggles' chain I use a
doublo juggler or chain barrel carrying two or more pattern chains, one
chain being arranged for the ground or centre of the handkerchief, and
the other for the border, one chain or the other being brought into gear
with the shuttle boxes at suitable intervals by the coincidence of special
links in each chain, the number of motions of the chain barrel required

page_text: to bring about a recurrence of the coincidence is equal to the least
common multiple of the numbers of links in the several chains.
• In applying this Invention to looms having the Stockport chain I use
only one chain for making the pattern and the border, the links being
arranged alternately, that is to say, all the odd links are pattern links,
and all the even links are border links; the loom takes two links at a
motion until the time comes for bordering, when it makes a single
motion, taking only one link which brings the oven links into play; when
the border is finished the loom takes another single link, and so gets
back to the odd links for weaving the pattern or middle of the hand- 1
kerchief.
This Invention may likewise be applied to jacquard looms and lace
frames, the pattern card being arranged in the same manner as the links
in the Stockport chain, as already described, and either with or without
the counting arrangement already described in connection with Diggles' 1
chain, which counting motion is applicable to a variety of purposes apart
from weaving, as for instance the counting of the revolutions of pit
winding drums and for actuating the breaks in connection with the
same.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FLAT IRONS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Webster at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
July 1873.
I, WILLIAM WEBSTER, of Waterloo Road, in the County of Surrey, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
FLAT IRONS," to be as follows:-
My said Invention relates to the novel construction of flat irons or sad
irons, and consists in providing a flat iron with a detachable handle,
which is formed and secured upon the iron in the following manner:-
The body of the said flat iron is made of the ordinary shape, and of any
suitable metal; upon its upper side it has a stud, which forms the means
for attaching the aforesaid handle. The latter is constructed with a
plate of the same or nearly the same shape as the body of the iron; in
this plate is a slot or aperture, through which the aforesaid stud projects,
when the said handle is placed on the body of the iron; and on the top
of the said plate I pivot a small lever, which forms a latch or key, and
which is arranged to be turned under a shoulder on the aforesaid stud,
and thereby secure the two parts of the iron together. Two small pins -

page_text: or projections at the sides of this lever prevent its working too far to
either side.
of the same.
At the front and back of the iron the two parts thereof are provided
with shoulders or projections which prevent the slipping of one part
upon the other when the iron is used. The shoulders at the rear end of
the body of the iron are bevelled or inclined, and above the rear side of
the aforesaid slot there is a bevelled or inclined piece, and the rear side
of the stud has a bevelled shoulder which fits on the said bevelled piece
when the upper part of the said iron is properly secured upon the body
A handle of the ordinary shape is formed or fixed upon
the aforesaid plate; the upper bar or that part of the said handle which
is grasped by the hand in using the flat iron is hollow or tubular, and
formed of very thin metal. The said handle will never become hot, and
no holder will be required as with ordinary flat irons. The work will be
very easily and pleasantly performed, and the hands will never be
burned or blistered. A piece of cloth or other soft substance, may be
permanently secured around the tubular part of the handle to make the
same more agreeable to the hand. One handle or upper part constructed
as above described will serve with any number of irons.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER WHEELS AND IN MOUNTING THE SAME, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO MOUNTING OTHER DRIVING SHAFTS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th January 1873.-A communication from abroad by Paul Doury,
of Paris, in the Republic of France..
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER WHEELS AND
IN MOUNTING THE SAME, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE
TO MOUNTING OTHER DRIVING SHAFTS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates first to a novel mode of constructing water
wheels, the object being to bring the water to the wheel and cause it
to act in such a manner on the float boards that the water will produce
a greater effect and will produce a greater motive power than with
wheels of the ordinary construction. The wheel is constructed on the
bucket principle with close sides, and the water is conducted thereto
through the axle, which is made hollow for the purpose.
Immediately the water issues from the central axle and begins to
run into the buckets it begins to exert its power. The wheel may be

page_text: set in an ordinary race and the quantity of water supplied thereto may
be regulated with the greatest nicety by means of cocks or sluices. If
the supply of water is abundant part of it may be made to act on the
floats in the ordinary way, either as an overshot wheel, a breast wheel,
or an undershot wheel, in addition to the central supply, as just
described, so as to increase the power. In order to reduce the friction
of the central shaft or axle in its bearings it is either supported on
antifriction rollers or it is provided with flanged rollers on cach side
of the wheel, and these rollers run on other rollers provided with a
projecting rib or rail. By this means the friction is reduced to a
minimum. This mode of mounting shafts is applicable to other kinds
of driving shafts, the object in all cases being to reduce the friction of
the rotating shaft.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SECURING KNOBS TO SPINDLES IN DOOR FURNITURE
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Hall at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th December
1878.
I, GEORGE HALL, of Tranmere, in the County of Chester, Joiner, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
SECURING KNOBS TO SPINDLES IN DOOR FURNITURE," to be as follows
The object of my Invention is to provide at an economical price knob
and spindle furniture for doors and like movable appliances, so con-
structed and combined that they shall not become separated when in
use. For that purpose I form one or both of the ends of the spindle
with a screwed thread thereon, and employ therewith and thereon, on
and near each end two screwed nuts. One of these nuts rests on the
spindle at the inner end of the knob; and the other, also on the spindle,
within the knob in a recess formed therein. The nuts serve in this way
to lock each other and firmly secure the knob. The recess in the knob
is closed by a screwed plug, cap, or other device if desired.

page_text: In manufacturing these articles in large quantities, I sometimes rivet
or otherwise secure one end of the spindle to the knob, and only secure
one end by the double nuts. In general practice however, so as to
provide against breaking of the spindle I prefer to secure both ends as
above described.
.5
AN IMPROVED BED APPLICABLE FOR SAVING LIFE AT SEA
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Storey at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th
December 1873.
I, EDWARD STOREY, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Master
Mariner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED BED APPLICABLE FOR SAVING LIFE AT SEA," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the formation of a mattress which
shall efficiently serve as a bed and be also applicable to saving life at
sea. The said mattress or bed is constructed in three pieces filled with
buoyant material, preferably sheet cork. The two end pieces are about
one half of the length of the middle piece, and about double the thick-
ness; they are all of the same breadth and are attached together by
lacing.

page_text: the surface of the water than the middle piece and prevent the mattress
or raft from being upset.
Life lines are provided to prevent occupants being washed off, and
facilitate access thereon.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SULPHATE OF SODA
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Nixon and Paul Quin
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition,
on the 26th April 1873.
We, THOMAS NIXON and PAUL QUIN, both of Hebburn (near
Newcastle-on-Tyne) in the County of Durham, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
SULPHATE OF SODA," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to effect an economy of fuel in the
manufacture of sulphate of soda. In this manufacture it is the common
practice after submitting the acid and salt employed in the production of
the sulphate to furnace heat in the decomposing pan to transfer the
contents of the pan to an adjacent salt cake furnace, where it is
subjected to an intense heat from a fire provided for the purpose, and
thereby to complete the conversion of the materials under treatment into
sulphate of soda.
In order to save the cost of the fire of the salt cake furnace, we
propose to utilize the waste heat of the ball furnace, or other available

page_text: furnace or pan in the following manner, taking the ball furnace as an
example. Supposing the ball furnace to contain three beds, we erect in
place of the third bed a salt cake blind. bed or oven, and connect
therewith a draught pipe for carrying off the acid vapours therefrom.
The contents of the decomposing pan we rake out through a side
opening on to an adjacent bed prepared to receive it. Here the salt
cake will speedily cool and become sufficiently hard for removal to the
blind bed or oven of the ball furnace. In this furnace it will be
subjected to the flame and heated gases as they leave the beds and pass
over, under, or circulate around the oven. By this means the waste heat
of the furnace will serve to complete the conversion of the salt cake into
sulphate of soda, the time required for effecting the change being in
proportion to the intensity of the heat available for the purpose.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR MOULDING BRICKS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Lyne at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st
January 1873.
I, THOMAS LYNE, of Earls Colne, in the County of Essex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR
MOULDING BRICKS," to be as follows:-
This apparatus consists of a number of bottomless moulds, usually
three combined, in a rigid frame having on it slides which allow it to
work up and down as required by means of a lever or any equivalent
contrivance. A moulding table through which these slides work has on
it solid blocks, one of which stands in the centre of cach mould; on this
a moveable stock is placed. In order to commence the operation of
moulding the bricks, the frame of moulds is raised by means of a lever
or other contrivance to any desired height, which depends on the thick-
ness of brick required, and there securely held or kept by a locking lever.
The bricks being moulded the frame is then lowered by means of the
lowering lever, and the bricks are left in the position in which they are
moulded, but above and clear of the moulds resting on the blocks from
which they are removed in any ordinary way. The bricks therefore are

page_text: not removed from the moulds but the moulds from the bricks, and tho
friction caused by lowering the moulds gives to the bricks a superior
finish. In connection with the blocks on the moulding frame there is
used an improved self-acting lubricator which supplies water (or other
fluid) to the interior of cach mould at intervals, thereby preventing
adhesion of the bricks to the moulds.
This lubricator I construct as follows:-From a reservoir at a short
distance from the apparatus I conduct a metal pipe to the centre of each
of the blocks before mentioned, on the top of which I place thick felt or
any other suitable material kept in position by a plate fastened on the
top; the water or other fluid thus percolates through the felt or other
material and so keeps the sides of the moulds in a moist condition.
There is also a stop cock in the supply pipe which is acted upon, and the
supply regulated by being connected with the action of the rising
mould.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF SUPPLYING FIRES WITH FUEL AND APPARATUS THEREFOR
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Lewis Baker at tho
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 5th February 1873.
I, WILLIAM LEWIS BAKER, of No. 8, Danes Inn, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF SUPPLYING FIRES WITH FUEL AND APPARATUS
THEREFOR," to be as follows :—
This Invention relates to means and apparatus for supplying fires with
fresh fuel in such a manner that the gases evolved therefrom shall pass
through fuel already in a heated or incandescent state, and be thereby
more effectually consumed, the waste and nuisance of smoke being thus
to a great extent avoided. For this purpose I make the fire-basket or
fuel receptaclo by preference of cylindrical form, that is to say, with
circular ends connected by longitudinal bars. Some of these bars are
framed together as a grating, and this grating is mounted on hinges so
that it forms a door which can be opened outwards to give access to the
interior of the firc-basket. There may be two such grating doors opposite
to cach other, or when the fire-basket is largo there may be several of
them spaced regularly round its periphery.

page_text: The ends of the fire-basket are provided with trunnions which aro
mounted on bearings so that the fire-basket can be made to revolve on a
horizontal axis. When it is turned so that one of its grating doors is on
the upper side the ignited fuel already in the basket lies on its lower
side. The grating door at top being opened fresh fuel is placed upon the
ignited fuel, and the door is then closed and the basket turned round
half or part of a revolution, so that the fresh fuel is brought under the
ignited fuel. The gases evolved from the fresh fuel having to pass in
their ascent through the ignited fuel are more effectually consumed, and
the waste and nuisance of smoke are in great measure avoided.
In applying this Invention to ordinary fire-places the fire-basket and
its doors may be provided with stops or pawls which hold them in ono
position or another, and which can be withdrawn when it is desired to
turn the basket by the use of a poker or other fire-iron. Also when the
grating door on the upper side of the basket is opened backwards it may
bo concealed by a balanced slide plate which can be moved up or down
in the manner of a window sasli.
It is obvious that the form and the mode of mounting and turning the
fuel receptacle may be varied to suit different circumstances, the
essential feature of its construction and action being that it can be
turned so as to invert the position of its contents, and thereby to bring
the freshly introduced fuel under the already ignited fuel in the manner
and for the purpose described above.
IMPROVED MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR PROPELLING TRAMWAY CARS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Christopher Anderson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th September 1873.
I, CHRISTOPHER ANDERSON, of Leeds, in the County of York, Stuff
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR PROPELLING TRAMWAY CARS," to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is to propel street or highway tramway
cars without the aid of horses, and to avoid the danger and inconvenience
inseperable from the use of steam for such purpose.
-
In connection with the tramway car I employ (by preference) a
“tender” or small supplementary carriage within which are a series of
air pipes or air vessels, connected with each other by means of pipės.
The air pipes or air vessels are filled with compressed air which is
conducted to the cylinder or cylinders of an engine connected with the
driving wheels of the car, the said driving wheels are coupled with the
other wheels of the car by means of connecting rods. Or in lieu of
engine cylinders being connected with the wheels of the car they may be

page_text: employed and work in connection with the wheels of the supplementary
air carriage.
The air to be used is compressed by means of a pump or other
contrivance and stored within a receiver situated at any convenient
point on the car's route, or at the terminus. The air pipes or air vessels &
within the "tender" will be charged with air by means of a pipe
connecting the receiver with the air pipes or air vessels and heat by
means of fire or spirit lamp may be applied to the air pipes or air
vessels for the purpose of rendering the air therein by expansion more
efficient.
In some cases where the route is short or from other cause found
desireable, air pipes or air vessels may be attached to the car and so
dispense with the use of the "tender " or separate carriage.
1
IMPROVEMENTS IN WHEELS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard James Markham at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on .
the 29th January 1873.
I, RICHARD JAMES MARKHAM, residing at No. 132, Upper Kenning-
ton Lane, in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WHEELS," to be as follows :—
This Invention consists of one or more wheels travelling or moving on
the inner flange or inside of a larger wheel, working either in grooves or
chipping picces to reduce the friction. The small wheel or wheels move
on a shaft or axle. By this means one-fourth or more of power is
gained. The wheels in travelling or moving form virtually a railway or
travelling way of themselves, and are peculiarly adapted for heavy loads
or weights moved by animal or any other motive power. The wheels
are constructed thus, the small ones with strong middle bosses arc
turned, bored, and fitted on an axlc or shaft; the large one is also turned,
having a webb in the middle and not fitting on the shaft or axle.

page_text: In manufacturing or making these wheels I do not confine myself to
using any particular material, cither iron, brass, wood, or any combination
of metals and wood and of any other materials.
I claim the application of these wheels to any kind of carriage or
vehicle, or to any purpose to which if applied they would effect a saving
of motive power.
A NEW OR IMPROVED OPTICAL INSTRUMENT INTENDED FOR THE MAGNIFIED PRO- JECTION WITH THEIR NATURAL COLOURS OF ALL OPAQUE OBJECTS OF SMALL SIZE
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Louis Van Tenac at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 7th July 1873.
I, CHARLES LOUIS VAN TENAC, of 39, Craven Street, Strand, London,
Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"A NEW OR IMPROVED OPTICAL INSTRUMENT INTENDED FOR THE MAGNIFIED PRO-
JECTION WITH THEIR NATURAL COLOURS OF ALL OPAQUE OBJECTS OF SMALL SIZE,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object to manufacture at a cheap price
an apparatus of the above-mentioned description so handy and of such
a simplicity as to be worked by a child, and giving a result good
enough to become a useful and agreeable distraction in a family, when
at the same time it could be usefully employed in industry and science.
This instrument is different from any other of the kind made up to
the present time, being so constructed as to be put on a lamp like a
globe.

page_text: 4th. Of a suitable contrivance to fix the instrument to the lamp or
system of light employed.
Form of the Reflectors.-The body or the system of reflectors if
another ornamental shell covers them over can be made of various
shapes, according to the result desirable and the surface wanted to be
lit. Some of those forms are shewn, Drawings Nos. 6, 7, 8, 9.
The best shapes are ellipsoid, ellipsoid and conical, or cylindrical,
parabolic, and conical or cylindrical. The hind reflectors or caps can
be made either fixed or moveable at will, as shewn in Drawings 6, 7,
8, 9.
Glasses. Any sort of magnifying glasses, or compound system of
magnifying glasses, will project the object out of the instrument on
a white board or cloth with more or less distinctness and magnitude.
The object I have in view being to procure to the public a cheap
instrument, the expensive systems will only be employed when desirable,
as I have found a simple combination of glasses costing a very modérate
power to give a fair result, I dare say perhaps as good as the expensive
ones. With such glasses the surface of the projected image can be
obtained four times larger at each yard more distance between the in-
strument and the board, consequently, if the surface of the image is
obtained. 500 times larger at one yard distance, at 6 yards distance the
surface of the projected image would be 512,000 times larger.
Glasses could be fitted to magnify the object by far more or less, as
required.
.
The above-mentioned results explain the reason why I am giving
to my Invention the name of night microscope. Its moderate price,
its compact shape and simplicity causes it to be besides at the reach
of families, and to become a useful object cither for distraction or
work.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GILL Boxes
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Gilmoro and Daniel
Hodgson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 10th March 1878.
WO, JAMES GILMORE, Mechanic, and DANIEL HODGSON, Combing
Overlooker, both of Clayton, near Bradford, in the County of York, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GILL
Boxes," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to gill boxes for preparing wool and fibres, and
consists in making the pitch of the faller screws coarser or wider at the
ends nearest the drawing rollers, whereby the said fallers have imparted
to them a quicker movement when nearing the drawing rollers, and so
having a combing action on the fibre which renders such fibre of much
more easy and regular draft, and the leathers on the drawing rollers are
thereby preserved, as the drawing rollers have little more to do than
gather or collect the fibro from the gill boxes.
A NEW OR IMPROVED PRESS FOR THE PURPOSE OF PRODUCING IMPRESSIONS WITH INK OR ANY OTHER LIQUID ON DOCUMENTS, AND APPARATUS OR MACHINE PRINTING AND FOR REGISTERING THE NUMBERS SO PRODUCED OR IMPRESSED
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Richmond, Joshua Rich-
mond, and Thomas Richmond at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents with their Petition, on the 19th June 1873.
We, JOHN RICHMOND, JOSHUA RICHMOND, and THOMAS RICHMOND,
of No. 11, Harley Place, Bow, in the County of Middlesex, Engineers,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR
IMPROVED PRESS FOR THE PURPOSE OF PRODUCING IMPRESSIONS WITH INK OR ANY
OTHER LIQUID ON DOCUMENTS, AND APPARATUS OR MACHINE PRINTING AND FOR
REGISTERING THE NUMBERS SO PRODUCED OR IMPRESSED," to be as follows:-
The press represents a table on a stand with a smooth surface on the
top to which a head is fixed, sufficient space being left between the
surface of the table and the head for the sheet to pass under that is to
receive the impression. The die that gives the impression is moved up
from the under side of the table by a shaft which is worked by a handle
that comes through the table. There is a set of inking rollers and plate
self-acting, so that when the die goes back after giving the impression it
receives fresh ink for the next impression, and the die is then out of
sight, being covered by the head of the press,

page_text: On the table of the press is fixed a counter for indicating the number
of impressions. This counter has; a particular action, designated a
locking plate, which receives its action from the shaft to which the dio
is fixed, the locking plate has a number of square teeth equal to the first
wheel of the counter, and fastened on the back of the same. There is a
small equal ended lever one end being turned up to form a catch which
enters the square tooth of the locking plate. before the pall has dropped
on the first wheel of the counter.
IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVES FOR REGULATING THE FLOW OF STEAM, WATER, AND OTHER FLUIDS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Wright Jones at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th
January 1873.
I, WRIGHT JONES, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN VALVES FOR REGULATING THE FLOW OF STEAM, WATER, AND
OTHER FLUIDS," to be as follows:-
-
My Invention consists in an arrangement whereby the valve used for
regulating the flow of steam, water, or other fluid is placed in
equilibrium or nearly so. For this purpose I employ a cylindrical or
other shaped casing, in which is placed a similarly formed block provided
with a rod extending through the cover of the casing, and by which the
said block may be moved in a right line in the one direction or the
other. On the outside of the above mentioned casing is another
furnished with the inlet and outlet passages, the former of which has
passages communicating with the upper and under sides of the sliding
block, and the equilibrium thereof is thus established.
.

page_text: When the block is moved upward or downward it establishes a
communication between the inlet and outlet passages. For insuring a
fluid tight contact between the block and outlet, one or more perforations
may be made in the casing to admit pressure to the block on the
inlet side. This valve is particularly adapted to that Invention for
which Letters Patent were granted to me dated 19th February 1853,
No. 437.
MENTS IN FLOATING DOCKS, OR APPARATUS TO FACILITATE THE REPAIRING OF SHIPS OR VESSELS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Atkin Lamb at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th July 1873.
I, WILLIAM' ATKIN LAMB, of Kilcolema Park, Bandon; in the County
of Cork, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN FLOATING DOCKS, OR APPARATUS TO FACILITATE THE REPAIRING OF SHIPS
OR VESSELS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object to facilitate the repairing of the
screw propellers or other parts of vessels whilst the vessels are afloat.
For the purpose of examining and repairing the screw propellers of
steam ships I construct a floating dock open at one end and closed at
the other. The sides, end, and bottom of the floating dock are made
double as usual to give it the requisite power of flotation. At the open
end of the dock are a series of horizontal slides, which can each be set
inwards towards the centre of the opening so as to diminish its area.
To inspect or repair the screw propeller or the end of a vessel water is
allowed to enter the lower part of the sectional dock until it is sufficiently
immersed to allow of the bottom of the dock being drawn under the end

page_text: of the vessel to be examined; water is then pumped out of the dock
until the keel of the vessel rests upon the dock bottom; afterwards the
several slides are set inwards until the ends of all of them come against
the sides of the vessel and so close this end of the dock; the water in
the interior of the dock is then pumped out, and any repairs which may
be necessary can readily be made to the screw propeller or end of the
vessel.
In order to make a water-tight joint where the ends of the slides come
against the sides of the vessel an india-rubber tube, by preference filled
with oakum or curled hair, is inserted into a groove formed in the ends
of the several slides so that it may form a water-tight packing between
the vessel and the slides. There is also a vertical water-tight compart-
ment on the two sides of the dock at its open end to allow men to
descend and set the several sides inwards; the slides may be set inwards
by screws or otherwise.
In a similar manner a sectional dock may be constructed with slides
at each end to enable the midship sections of a ship to be examined or
repaired.
AN IMPROVED SYSTEM OF CHECKING TRAMWAY CAR AND OTHER FARES AND PAYMENTS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Anderson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
April 1873.
I, WILLIAM ANDERSON, of 109, Triton Ville Road, Sandymount, in
the County of Dublin, Book-keeper, do hereby declare the nature of my
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED SYSTEM OF CHECKING TRAMWAY CAR AND
OTHER FARES AND PAYMENTS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the checking the monies received as
fares by the conductors or collectors of tramway cars, omnibuses, steam
boats, and other public conveyances, also the payments at theatres and
other places of public resort, and other payments generally, and consists
in the employment for that purpose of a consecutively numbered series
of voucher tickets bound in a book or otherwise, each voucher ticket
bearing upon its face its own number and the amount to be paid. These
tickets are perforated in two transverse lines, so as to be readily detached
from the part which constitutes the counterfoil and which bears a
number and amount corresponding to the voucher ticket. The book or
block of tickets is in the keeping of the conductor or collector, whose
duty it is to tear off a voucher ticket and present it to each passenger

page_text: or person on receiving his fare or other payment. The counterfoils
remaining in the book or block indicate exactly the amounts received by
the conductor or collector, who must duly account for the same.
In order to ensure that each passenger or other person shall demand a
voucher ticket on the payment of his fare or other amount demanded,
a series of prizes are awarded to a certain per centage of such reduction
tickets at the termination of each week or month, or other period fixed
upon, such prizes being awarded by the usual method of drawing, for
which purpose the connterfoils are preserved. By this system the
possibility of fraud is reduced to a minimum by making the honesty of
the conductor or collector a direct point of interest to the passenger or
other person making the payment. The backs of the vouchers moreover
afford a ready means for advertising purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-FLACES OR STOVEs
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Maclachlan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st March
1873.
I, JOHN MACLACHLAN, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, Pattern Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-FLACES OR STOVEs,” to be as follows, that is
to say:-
"
This Invention relates to the constructing, arranging, or combining
together of the parts of fire-places or stoves in an improved manner,
and so as, whilst promoting a better development and utilisation of heat,
and consequent economy of fuel, to present an ornamental appearance
and have a comfortable aspect.
In one modification, arranged like some kinds of stoves to stand
forward more or less from a wall, the form is generally square in
horizontal section, and the principal part is a fire-box, which is wider at
its upper part, and which has vertical bars and spaces on three sides, so
that the fire can be seen on these three sides and the heat be radiated
from them. The lower part of the shell of the stove is made wider than
the bottom of the grate, so that ashes falling out through the bars may
'

page_text: descend within the shell, whilst the ashes are prevented from falling
beyond the shell by wire guards, having their bottoms fixed in the shell,
and their upper ends in the upper part of the stove shell above the
grate. These wire guards are curved in external contour to agree with
the general ornamental contour of the stove. Above the grate the shell
assumes the form of a hood, from the top of which a pipe proceeds to
the chimney; and this hood has one or more doors in its lower part for
making the upper part of the fire visible when wished, or for admitting
air. The coal or fuel may be supplied by a door in the hood; it is
however preferred to have it supplied from below by any of the various :
kinds of apparatus that have been proposed for that purpose, or by
means of an improved arrangement consisting of a vertical screw spindle,
by turning which a disc in an inner casing is gradually raised up with
the fuel on it towards the grate. When one disc reaches the top of the
screw a second is introduced at the bottom, and fresh fuel is filled into 1
the space between the two, after which the upper disc is withdrawn.
The inner casing for the fuel does not fill up the entire space in the
lower part of the shell of the stove, and the ashes fall down between it
and the shell into an ash pan beneath, the ash pan being made with a
diverging upper flange or lip to catch the ashes. When the stove is to 2
be placed in the middle of a hall or apartment it may be made with open
gratings on all sides.
Instead of being square in horizontal section, as described, the stove
may be circular or polygonal, and a dining room or drawing room fire-
place may have the grate arranged in the same way, and with an open 2
or uncovered stop, or with a curved hood over it, such hood being
movable or having a door or slide in it so that the top of the fire may be
more or less exposed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FUEL ECONOMIKERS
Year: 1873

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William England and James
England at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 6th March 1878.
We, WILLIAM ENGLAND, of Pontefract, Ironmonger, and JAMES
ENGLAND, of Harrowgate, Ironmonger, both in the County of York,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN FUEL ECONOMIKERS," to be as follows:―
We mould into any suitable form, by preference fire-clay, and
perforate it with any required number of holes, and afterwards burn
the form in the same manner as a fire-brick. The form is placed
within the fire-grate or stove with the holes in a vertical direction
to admit of a free passage of air and heat. When placed within the
grate or stove these forms occupy a large amount of space which
would be filled with fuel, absorb a great portion of the heat from the
ignited fuel, and throws it into the apartment instead of it being per-
mitted to pass off up the chimney or flue. By this arrangement less
fuel is required for a given amount of heat thrown into the room or
apartment, thereby a great saving of fuel is effected.