Improved Churning Apparatus.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 7th Oct., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 9th July, 1894-Accepted, 1st Sept., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improved Churning Apparatus.
о
I, THOMAS BRADFORD, of Sandymount, Pendleton, Manchester, Dairy
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to an improvement in the construction of centrifugally
acting box churning apparatus, the same being especially applicable to churns of
large capacity whether actuated by hand or by power, and has special reference
to the construction of a multiple agitating and aerating dash with a central
drum-like part of a comparatively large diameter relatively to the containing
vessel in which the churning operation is effected, with the special object of
displacing from the centre of motion (where the centrifugal action is the least
operative) to the neighbourhood of the periphery of the dash (where such
action is the most operative) the creamy contents of the vessel upon which the
desired aerating and agitating action is required, and which action I obtain at
and about the periphery of the drum by series of radiating paddles or fins
extending from the periphery of the drum towards and almost to the inner
surface of the churning vessel, the drum being mounted within the vessel and
adapted to be rotated therein at a sufficient speed to give the most advantageous
centrifugal action.
The paddles or fios are made with longitudinal grooves of a V, Ụ, or other
suitable shape or formation so as each to be adapted to take up and throw off
a comparatively large amount of cream from each groove at each rotation of
the drum, in a stream of separating drops, like, as it were, a shower of cream
which is thus thrown off by the centrifugal action of the apparatus against the
ends, sides and cover of the churn.
The drum may extend the whole width of the containing vessel, and is mounted
on a spindle which at one end is made of steel and highly polished and is supported
at the inner side of one side of the vessel by a thimble bearing, so as to minimise
the frictional resistance, the other end of the spindle passing through the opposite
side of the vessel, on the outer side of which it is fitted with speed gearing.
The drum is secured to the spindle, preferably by a screw thread on the spindle,
adapted, on the forward rotation of the spindle, to screw itself into a bush inserted
into the end of the drum nearest the actuating handle, so as to effectively
secure the dash during the operation, and which permits of a ready disconnection
of the parts when desired.
(
I prefer that the radiating paddles or fins should be arranged upon the drum
in lines parallel with the axis thereof, the fins of each line being arranged at a
distance apart equal to their width, and those in the adjacent lines being arranged
Bo that the fins of the one are opposite the spaces of the other, but I also
arrange one or more paddles or fins adjacent to each end of the drum at a slight
angle or bevel for dispersing a portion of the cream against the sides of the
churning vessel to prevent any quiescent lodgment of any thereon, and to attain
uniformity of treatment.
I find this combination of the drum-like, cream-displacing fin-holder with the
peripheral fins to be of peculiar advantage in effecting a very speedy process
of churning and in obtaining more perfectly granulated butter.
The churning vessel is made internally with bevelled or angularly disposed
parts at the lower and top corners, respectively adapted to cause a concentration
of the cream around the drum and to intersect and deflect the butter particles

page_text: thrown off by the paddles or fins, which particles immediately fall back into the
cream continuing under treatment.
These bevelled or obliquely disposed parts at the open top of the vessel, also
serve to support a ventilating lid of the peculiar character described in the
Specification of my application for Patent filed on the 6th day of October 1893,
No. 18768.
Dated this 6th day of October 1893.
DAY, DAVIES & HUNT,
321, High Holborn, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improved Churning Apparatus.
I, THOMAS BRADFORD, of Sandymount, Pendleton, Manchester, Dairy
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
This invention relates to high-speed centrifugally acting box churning apparatus,
and has special reference to the construction of a multiple agitating and aerating
dash having a central drum-like part of a comparatively large diameter relatively
to the containing vessel in which the churning operation is effected, with the
special object of displacing from the centre of motion (where the centrifugal action
is the least operative) to between the periphery of the drum and the interior sides
of the containing vessel (where the centrifugal action is the most operative) the
creamy contents upon which the desired aerating and agitating action is required,
and which action I obtain by series of radiating paddles, fins or fingers extending
from the periphery of the drum towards and almost to the inner surface of the
churning vessel and adapted to lift portions of the cream and to dash the same
against the sides and lid of the churn, the drum being mounted within the vessel
and adapted to be rotated therein at a sufficient speed to give the most advantageous
centrifugal action.
On the accompanying drawings;-Figs. 1, and 2, represent sectional elevations
of a churn adapted in accordance with the present improvements.
a, represents the churning vessel; its interior bottom angles a¹, running
parallel with the axis of the churning dash b, are inclined and locate the cream
in a space of about equal width at all parts so that it will be caused to be
equally acted upon by the churning dash. Its interior top angles a³, running_at
right angles to said axis, and one thereof running parallel therewith are also
inclined, to deflect any cream propelled against them and to support an adjustable
ventilating lid c, preferably of the construction described in the Specification of
my application for Patent No. 18768 of 1893.
b, represents the churning dash which, as aforesaid, is made of a comparatively
large diameter relatively to the internal size of the churning vessel and is fitted
with comparatively short radial paddles or arms b₁, . The arms b³, are
preferably made of a shovel-like formation adapted, when rapidly rotated, to create
a vacuous tendency in the vertical centre of the cream and to lift portions
thereof and centrifugally propel the same against the sides and lid of the churn;
and the arms b³, are formed with inclined faces adapted to give a converging
direction to the cream from the ends of the churn tending to fill up the said
vacuous central part. Some of the arms b³, may, however, be inclined towards
the ends of the churn so as to disperse a portion of the cream thereagainst to
prevent any quiescent lodgment of any thereon. The arms b', may, however, be
fongitudinally grooved in any other suitable manner adapted to take up and
impel the cream in a stream or streams against the ends, sides and cover of the
churn.

page_text: In churns of large capacity especially those intended to be driven by power,
the arms are arranged upon the drum in lines parallel with the axis thereof,
and in radial series which follow after each other, a radial series of V-edged or
double-inclined deflecting arms 62, being arranged between each two adjacent radial
series of arms b', so as, as it were, to fill in the trenches dug by the arms 6'; and
a radial series of single-inclined deflecting arms b³, being also arranged at each end
of the drum.
One end of the roller-dash is fitted with a hard-wood boss 63, adapted to engage
with a supporting pin et, and the other end thereof is fitted with an angular metal
boss, adapted to engage with an actuating screw head e³.
The ends a³, of the churning vessel are braced together by tie-rods aº, one of
which also serves as the centre of an adjustable lever e, which supports a chain
wheel el, to which motion is given by a handle e, for actuating the roller-dash, and
the other of which serves as a bolt to a nut e³, by which the lever may be secured
in the position required for actuating the dash, vide the dotted lines, Fig. 1, or may
be released so as to permit of the driving gear being disconnected to allow of the
removal of the dash.
The dash is mounted, as aforesaid, at the one end on a removable pin et, and at
the other end on the angular head of a screw e, by which motion is imparted to it
from a chain pinion e, driven from the chain wheel e', by a chain e'.
The pin e, is supported in a hard wood bearing e, which is let from the inside
into a metal boss e, which is let from the outside into one end of the vessel a.
The pin is also made of hard-wood and is capped at its bearing end with
a metal ferrule e¹0, and is fitted with peripheral packing e", to prevent any escape
of the cream, and with a rubber or leather washer e, between its head and the
boss eº.
The screw e, is let from the inside into the spindle of the pinion es, which is
supported in like manner to the pin e, as indicated by the correspondingly lettered
parts in Fig. 2.
upon
h, represents a framing formed with top and bottom platforms h³, h³, the
upper one of which the churning vessel is secured while in use between uprights of
the frame by screws h³, and upon the lower one of which the vessel may be secured
while not in use or for transit.
I find the aforesaid combination of the drum-like cream displacing paddle or fin
holder with the peripheral paddles or fins operating as aforesaid to be of peculiar
advantage in effecting a very speedy process of churning and in obtaining more
perfectly granulated butter.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
In high speed centrifugally acting box churning apparatus.
1. A multiple agitating and aerating churning dash having a central drum-like
part and radial series of arms respectively adapted to operate substantially as
hereinbefore described.
2. The arrangement of such dash hereinbefore described with reference to the
accompanying drawings.
3. The hereinbefore described improved means of mounting and operating the
DAY, DAVIES & HUNT,
321, High Holborn, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant,