Manufacture of Plates, Slabs, Sheets, and similar Objects of Combined Metals.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 11th June, 1892
Complete Specification Left, 27th Feb., 1893-Accepted, 1st Apr., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
[Communicated from abroad by FRIEDRICH CARL GLASER, of 80, Linden
Strasse, Berlin, in the Empire of Germany, Engineer and Patent Agent.]
Manufacture of Plates, Slabs, Sheets, and similar Objects of
Combined Metals.
I, CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of No. 28 Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane,
in the County of London, Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to a process for the manufacture of plates slabs sheets
and similar objects of a combination of two metals which have different degrees of
ductility and strength.
In the processes heretofore employed for the manufacture of such objects, a
metal covering was cast round the middle part of a bar of different metal, con-
stituting a core, and such covering was then extended, by rolling over the entire
length of the core, which as a rule consisted of the harder and less ductile
metal. The soft metal covering was in this case formed with a uniform thickness
round the whole of the cross section.
The result of this method of manufacture was, that on the further rolling out
of the compound metal blank, to form plates, slabs, sheets and similar objects the
soft metal was pressed out laterally so that on the finishing rolling process of the
compound metal plate, a considerable portion of the soft metal at the edges had to
be considered as waste.
In order to obviate this defect and yet obtain a good and useful product, the
present invention has for its object to impart to the compound metal objects,
whether the core be covered on all sides or only on one or more sides with the soft
metal coating, such a formation that the above mentioned losses are in great
measure prevented.
I will in the first instance describe the improved process as applied to flat objects
that are covered on both sides with a coating of a different metal.
For this purpose the core of oblong shape which is generally of the harder
metal, is, in the first instance, made of a configuration approximating to that of the
plate, slab, sheet or other object to be produced, and round this is cast, by
preference generally round its middle portion only, the softer metal of greater
ductility, for which purpose the core is surrounded by a suitable mould which is so
formed that at the narrow sides or edges only a comparatively small quantity of
metal is cast therein, in view of the subsequent waste, but on the other hand, in
view of the desired density of the coating to be obtained, the wide sides of the
flat section are made to receive a proportionately greater amount of metal.
After heating the compound blank thus formed, it is worked through closed
grooves of a rolling mill until the entire surface of the core has become covered by
the softer metal, whereupon the two metals thus combined are then simultaneously
rolled under the requisite pressure until the plate &c. has assumed the required
cross section.
If necessary, the blank of combined metals produced as above described can,
before being rolled out, have its outer surface more or less chilled, in order to
approximate the condition of the outer covering as to hardness and ductility
nearer to that of the core, with a view to effect a more uniform extension of the
two parts in the subsequent rolling operation.
On the completion of the rolling of such plates &c. in rolls with closed goooves,
plates, slabs, sheets &c. will be obtained having a dense coating of different metal
from the core, which give comparatively little waste of the soft metal at the edges.

page_text: In consequence of the greater thickness of the coating metal given to the blank
in the first instance on its flat sides, a coating will be obtained that will adhere
effectually and uniformly to the core, it being so intimately combined therewith as
to allow of the plate or other object being bent even to a sharp angle without
breaking or separation of the combined metals. It will be readily understood that
by casting the covering metal of greater thickness on the one side than on the
other, the finished article may also be produced with the coating of greater
thickness on the one side than on the other.
When forming such compound plates, slabs, sheets &c. in such manner that the
softer or more ductile metal only covers the one flat side of the other metal, the
blank of harder metal may be formed with its one side recessed, the edges of
the recess being either undercut, roughed, grooved or otherwise formed with
projections or recesses, so that on afterwards casting the softer metal into such
recessed part it will be securely keyed thereto. The casting can be effected either
in a suitably formed mould as previously described, and the coating of the soft
metal may also with advantage be confined to the middle portion of the harder
metal blank as previously described; the compound blank is then rolled out in
rolls with closed grooves in the same manner as described.
By this means objects are produced the two flat sides of which are of different
metals which are combined intimately with each other, and in which the waste of
the soft metal at the edges during the rolling operations, will be reduced to a
minimum.
Dated this 11th day of June 1892.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Manufacture of Plates, Slabs, Sheets, and similar Objects of
Combined Metals.
I, CHARLES DENTON ABEL, of No. 28 Southampton Buildings, Chancery
Lane, in the County of London, Chartered Patent Agent, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
.
This invention relates to a process for the manufacture of plates, slabs sheets
and similar objects of a combination of two metals which have different degrees of
ductility and strength.
In the processes heretofore employed for the manufacture of such objects, a
metal covering was cast round the middle part of a bar of different metal, con-
stituting a core, and such covering was then extended, by rolling, over the entire
length of the core, which as a rule consisted of the harder and less ductile
metal. The soft metal covering was in this case formed with a uniform thickness
round the whole of the cross section.
The result of this method of manufacture was, that on the further rolling out of
the compound metal blank, to form plates, slabs, sheets and similar objects, the soft
metal was pressed out laterally so that on the finishing rolling process of the
compound metal plate, a considerable portion of the soft metal at the edges had to
be considered as waste.
In order to obviate this defect and yet obtain a good and useful product, the
present invention has for its object to impart to the compound metal objects;
whether the core be covered on all sides or only on one or more sides with the soft
metal coating, such a formation that the above mentioned lossses are in great
measure prevented.
I will in the first instance describe the improved process as applied to flat objects
that are covered on both sides with a coating of a different metal, for which purpose
I will refer to the accompanying drawing,

page_text: In the first place a core K is taken, which has approximately the form of the
plate, slab, sheet or other object to be produced, and has an oblong rectangular
cross section, as shewn at Figs. 1 to 4. Round this core, which is generally the
harder and less ductile of the two metals, is cast, preferably round the middle part
thereof, the softer and more ductile metal, the casting being effected in a suitable.
mould such as shewn in vertical section and plan at Figs. 1 and 2, the configuration
of which is such that the soft metal M to be cast round the core is made compara-
tively thin at the narrower sides, while at the wider sides of the section a corre-
spondingly larger space is left in the mould, with a view to the subsequent
compression and lateral spreading of the softer metal covering. Thus after casting
on the softer metal round the core, a compound bar will be obtained of the form
shewn in elevation and cross section at Figs. 3 and 4.
If slabs, plates, sheets, or similar objects having a different thickness of the soft
metal coating on the several surfaces are to be obtained, the mould must of course.
be constructed accordingly, as indicated at Fig. 11.
After heating the bar thus produced, it is worked between rolls having closed
grooves until the entire surface of the core has become covered with the softer
metal, whereupon the two metals thus combined are simultaneously rolled out under
the requisite pressure so as to be brought to the desired dimensions of the cross.
section.
The compound bar above described can also be subjected, before rolling, to a
chilling or cooling operation on its outer surface, in order to obtain subsequently a
more uniform extension of the two metals in rolling, in view of their different
degrees of ductility.
On finally rolling the bar, shaped in the closed grooves, slabs, plates, sheets and
the like are obtained which have on their surface a uniform and dense metal
coating of a different metal from that of the core, as indicated at Fig. 6, and which
give at the edges comparatively little waste of the soft metal coating. A uniform
coating is thus obtained for the core which is intimately united thereto, and which
adheres so closely to the core, that the finished compound manufacture can be bent.
sharply at an angle in any direction and while cold, without causing the coating to
crack or to loosen from the core.
Figs. 7 and 8 shew the cross section of a bar having a coating of a different.
metal only on one side thereof, the edges or narrow sides of the bar being provided
either with projecting rims either of dovetail form or having grooves or projections,
or being otherwise formed with projections or recesses, so that on casting on the
softer. metal only on the one side, this will adhere firmly thereto.
The casting can be effected in a similar manner to that described with reference
to Figs. 1 and 2; the covering metal is also preferably cast upon the middle portion
of the bar, as shewn at Fig. 3.
The compound bar is rolled in closed grooves, and the finishing rolling is effected
in precisely the same way as described with reference to the plate covered on all
sides with the soft metal.
The mode of preparing slabs, plates, sheets &c. as described with reference to
Figs. 7 and 8, and rolling them out to the forms indicated at Figs. 9 and 10, enable
plates coated on one side only with a closely adhering layer of softer metal to be
produced in which the waste of the softer metal at the edges during the subsequent
rolling process is reduced to a minimum.
Although it has been stated in the foregoing that the harder metal core K has
the softer metal covering M cast upon it preferably at the middle portion, as sbewn
at Figs. 1 and 3, it will be evident that the invention may also be carried out by
casting the softer metal covering over the entire length of the core, as shewn in the
section at Fig. 12, or the softer metal may even be cast round the ends of the core,
as shewn at Fig. 13, so as to entirely enclose the same, or as shewn in Fig. 14 the
softer metal is cast round on three sides of the core one end of the latter being
left free.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
1. A manufacture of slabs, plates, sheets and similar objects of two different
kinds of metal wherein a bar of the harder metal having an oblong cross section
and constituting a core, has a coating of the softer, more ductile, metal cast round
it in such manner that at the edges or narrow sides of the core the said coating is
of considerably less thickness than on the broad sides, in order that by the
subsequent rolling process a flat plate or other object composed of two metals with
dense surface may be produced with a minimum waste of the covering metal,
substantially as described.
2. In the method of manufacture referred to in the preceding claim, the modified
process whereby such compound slabs, plates, sheets and other objects are produced
with a coating of the softer metal only on the one side, by forming the harder
metal core of oblong cross section with projections on the edges or narrow sides,
which are formed either dovetailed or with grooves, or by otherwise forming
projections or recesses on the said edges, and then casting the softer metal only
upon the one side of the core, the edges of such covering being confined by or
keyed into the projections or recesses, in order, on subsequently rolling out the said
objects, to produce slabs, plates, sheets or other objects having a coating of softer
metal on one side only with a minimum of waste of the soft metal at the edges,
substantially as described.
Dated this 23rd day of February 1893.
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.