IMPROVEMENTS IN FRAMES FOR SPINNING AND TWISTING YARN OF ANY DESCRIPTION OF TEXTILE MATERIALS
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George White, of 34, Dowgate Hill, Cannon Street,
in the City of London, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN FRAMES
FOR SPINNING AND TWISTING YARN OF ANY DESCRIPTION OF TEXTILE
MATERIALS." A communication from abroad by Mr. Charles Leyherr, of
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George White at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
October 1859.
I, GEORGE WHITE, of 34, Dowgate Hill, Cannon Street, in the City of
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE.
MENTS IN FRAMES, FOR SPINNING. AND TWISTING YARN OF ANY DESCRIPTION OF
TEXTILE MATERIALS," that it has been communicated to me from abroad by
Mr. Charles Leyherr, of Lavel (France), to be as follows:-
These improvements consist, 1, in a new arrangement of spindle and flyer
for copping or suitably distributing yarn on bobbins or spindles, or roving,
twisting, or other spinning frames, whether throttles, mule, jennys, self-actors,
or other machinery in which yaru of any kind of textile material is to be
wound on bobbins or spindles, and has to receive the required twist; & 2, in
[Price 8d.1

page_text: a new mechanical arrangement for transmitting the required differential
motion to the spindles or bobbins of the said frames.
In the annexed Drawings, Fig. 1 represents a vertical sectional of the
spindle and flyer arrangement; whereas Fig. 2 shows a longitudiual side, and
Fig. 3, a plan view of the differential mechanism for regulating the motion
of the spindles and flyers.
In Fig. 1, A is the spindle, revolving in a collar B and step C of the
ordinary spindle bar D; the spindle is provided with a whorl E and string F.
G is the flyer, revolving in a bracket formed of two arms H & I, and is pro-
vided with the whorl K. L, M, N, are guide hooks for the yarn O, which
latter proceeding from the usual top or pressing rollers is slung round the
hooks L& M, and once round the arm P of the flyer, then round the hook N,
and, finally, winds itself on the bobbin or spindle to form the cop.
The mechanism I prefer making use of for transmitting the required
differential motion to the above-described arrangement, but which is also
applicable to spindles and flyers of the usual construction, consists of a lever
A1, B1, turning on the arbor C¹, and carrying at one end a stud D¹, on which
acts an excentricum E' fixed to the arbor F. At the other end of the lever
A, B, is fixed a screw puppet G¹ for the screw H', which latter causes a
uut and plate J₁ with curved edge K¹ to move forward or backward; the
edge K acting on a stud L', projecting from an indented sector M', fitted
loosely on the arbor C¹, and which sector is in gear with a spur wheel N¹
commanding the notion of the spindle bar D, Fig. 1. At each motion of the
lever A, B', a ratchet wheel O' comes in contact with a piece P¹ situated in
a fixed position in respect to 01, and acting as a catch for causing the screw
H¹ to advance for one tooth, thus transmitting the motion to the plate J¹, and
consequently to the spindle bar D of Fig. 1.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George White in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
10th April 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
WHITE, of No. 34, Dowgate Hill, Cannon Street, in the City of London,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Tenth day of October, in the year of our Lord

page_text: One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-third year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said George White, Her special licence that I, the said George
White, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I,
the said George White, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise; and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands. and Isle of Man, an Invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN FRAMES FOR SPINNING AND TWISTING YARN OF ANY DESCRIPTION
OF TEXTILE MATERIALS," a communication from abroad by Mr. Charles
Leyherr, of Leval, France, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said George White, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in
what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George White, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed; to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
These improvements in frames for spinning and twisting yarn of any
description of textile materials relate, 1", to a new arrangement of spindle
and flyer for copping or suitably drawing the sliver from the fluted ordrawing
rollers, twisting and. distributing the said sliver or yarn on the bobbins or
spindles for roving, twisting, or other spinning frames, whether throstles,
bobbin and fly, self-actors, or other similar machinery in which yarn is to be
spuu, twisted, and wound on bobbins or spindles; 2, to an improved
mechanical arrangement for transmitting the required differential motion to
the spindles or bobbins of bobbin and fly, or throstle frames; provided with the
above-mentioned improved spindles and flyers; 3, to an arrangement for
suitably varying the amount of friction to be imparted to the whorls of the
spindles for suitably retarding the motion of these latter.
In order to make the Invention more easily understood, I will in this
Specification refer to the annexed Drawings.
The first part of the Invention, viz., the new arrangement of spindle and
flyer is represented in vertical sectional view in Fig. 1; the flyer consists of

page_text: two exactly similar arms A, B, C, D, and A, B, C, D, solidly united
together at the top, and fixed at the lower end to a boss, of which E, F, G, H,
I, J, K, L, shows the sectional form, and revolving in a double armed bracket
M, N, O, P, the two arms M, N, and O, P, of which serve as bearings for
the said boss, between which arms a whorl Q is fixed to this latter for trans-
mitting motion to the flyer by means of the string Q. The lower part I, J
K, L, of the boss is of a smaller diameter then the part H, I, J. A socket
E, R, is fixed in the upper end of the axial perforation of the boss; through
this socket passes the spindle T, so as to make the said socket serve as a
collar for ensuring the proper concentric revolving of this spindle T. The
arm A, B, C, D, is provided with three wire hooks a, b, c, for guiding the
sliver or yarn X in its progress from the fluted or drawing rollers on to the
bobbin or spindle. The lower end S of the spindle T revolves in a step S
fixed in the spindle bar or copping beam U; the spindle must revolve very
loosely in the socket E, R. The copping beam receives the required alternate
vertical differential notion in the manner as will be described under the
second head of this Specification. The sliver, cord, or yarn X, represented by
a red line in the Drawing, proceeds from the fluted or drawing rollers, passes
through the wire hook a, round which it may be twisted once or twice; from
thence the sliver reaches the hook 6, being slung partly round the part B, C,
of the arm A, B, C, D, and is finally guided by the nook c to the bobbin or
spindle. The sliver will thus receive the required twist by means of the flyer,
and will draw the spindle with it, the motion of which latter is suitably
retarded in the usual manner by the friction of the string V₁ on the
whorl V the sliver being slung round the arm, B, C, is no more exposed
to the tearing effect of the centrifugal force. An arm W turning on a
in a fork Y fixed to M, N, serves for stopping at pleasure the motion of the
flyer.
pin d
The distinguishing or main features of this system of spindle and flyer
are, 1, that at the same time the spindle revolves in a step the vertical
alternate or differential motion required for the proper winding on of the
sliver on the bobbin or spindle may be imparted thereto by the copping
beam U; 2, the revolving of the flyer takes place in proper bearings fixed
in the said copping beam; 3, the sliver is guided by wire hooks and slung
round one of the arms of the flyer, thereby preventing the injurious effect
of the centrifugal force on the sliver; 4, the socket R, E, by which the
concentric revolving motion of the spindle is insured forms part of the
flyer.

page_text: means.
The second
part
of the Invention relates to the mechanism preferably to
be made use of for producing the required alternate or differential motion of
the copping beam in throstle, or bobbin and fly frames provided with the above-
described improved spindle and flyer; this arrangement is represented in
longitudinal elevation view in Fig. 2, aud in top view in Fig. 3, corresponding
part being represented in both Figures by the same letters of reference. A,C,
B, is a lever turning on the shaft C, and provided at one end with a pin D,
taking into the furrow d of an excentricum E fixed to the revolving arbor M,
which latter receives motion from the main or moving shaft of the frame by
any suitable gearing. At the other end the lever A, C, B, is provided with
a screw-puppet F, a screw G acting in this latter, and also in a nut H fixed to
vertical plate J the upper edge of which forms a suitably curved line for
transmitting the required motion to a stud K gliding over this curve. The
stud K is solidly fixed to an indented sector L fitting loosely on the arbor C,
and in gear with a toothed wheel N, the shaft P of which revolves in proper
bearings, while this wheel itself may be made to command the required alter-
nate vertical motion of the copping har by a toothed rack or any other suitable
The end of the screw G is provided with a ratchet wheel R, which
at each downward motion of the arm C, B, of the lever, acts against a stop S,
situated in a fixed position in respect to the said ratchet wheel R which latter
is thereby caused to turn round for one tooth, thus transmitting a corré-
ponding advancing motion to the plate J and consequently to the copping
beam. In order to ensure the proper motion to the plate J, the same glides
in a'corresponding furrow in the lever arm C, B. It will be observed that in
this mechanism the excentricum E constitutes the part commanding more
especially the oscillations of the copping beam, while the curvilinear plate J.
gives rise to the shifting of the revolving position of the spindle, and conse-
quently to the suitable superposition of the layers of yarn on the bobbin in
the direction of the spindle. It will be readily understood that a great
number of arrangements for the winding on of the sliver might be devised
according to the same principle of dividing in so far the motion in two
parts, viz., one for the oscillation of the copping beam, which continues
uniforin in its effect for the entire bobbin, and the other for the shifting of the
positions in which the layers of sliver or yarn are laid on the bobbin. By
the above described arrangement all the layers will become of a uniform
length, while if these lengths were wished to be varied the same might be
done by means of a variated. excentricum, viz., one offering the required
variations in its curve, or by other suitable means. In some cases it might

page_text: also be deemed usefull to impart to the ratchet wheel a slow continuous, instead
of the above indicated intermittent motion.
A third part of the Invention relates to certain arrangements for imparting
a constant degree of tension to the sliver; for this object a variated excen-
tricum acted upon by a tell-tale or counter, and moving the strings of the
spindle whorls is applied to the throstie or bobbin and fly frame provided with
the above-described arrangements; the different curves of this excentricum
being calculated in such manner that the reciprocating shifting motion trans-
mitted thereby to the whorl strings produces the required variations in their
frictional effect on their respective whorls in an inverse ratio to the resistance
which the bobbin offers to the sliver. Instead of giving the friction separately
to each spindle whorl, all the whorls may have their strings laid on one single
revolving drum, receiving motion from any suitable commanding frictional part
for imparting to the spindles their minimum speed. In this case the drawing
action of the slivers would give to the spindles and to the drum the remainder
of the speed; the varying resistance the drum would oppose to the drawing of
the spindles would in this case take place by means of the variated excen-
tricum acting by means of a spring on the frictional medium of the drum, thus
varying the intensity of this friction. In order to allow in this case of stopping
the motion of one or more of the spindles, the arrangement shown partly in
A is
plan view in Fig. 4, and in side view in Fig. 5, may be made use of.
the drum over which are laid the strings B for the whorls C of the spindles;
each string B passes over a loose pulley D, revolving on the fixed shaft E
common to all these pulleys, the position of which latter may be shifted from
one rest G to another G, thereby causing the strings B either to come in close
contact with their respective whorls C, or to be removed therefrom.
.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of the
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be carried into
effect, I would observe in conclusion, that I do not confine or restrict myself
to the precise details or arrangements which I have had occasion to describe
as many variations may be made therefrom without deviating from the
principles or main features of the said Invention; but what I consider to be
novel and original; and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by
the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is,―
1, the general arrangement of the above described spindle and flyer for
copping, or suitably drawing, twisting, and distributing the sliver or yarn on
bobbins or spindles for roving, twisting, or other spinning frames.
2, the arrangement described for transmitting the required differentia

page_text: motion to the spindles or bobbins of bobbin and fly or throstle spinning frames
provided with the above-described improved spindles and flyers.
3, the arrangements described for insuring a uniform degree of tension to
the sliver during the winding-on motion.
In witness whereof, I, the said George White, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Ninth day of April, One thousand eight hundred
and sixty.
Witness,
W. SATCHELL.
GEO. WHITE. (L.S.)