Improvements in Machinery for Cutting Biscuits, Lozenges, and other Plastic Materials.
Year: 1894

page_text: Date of Application, 14th Sept., 1894
Complete Specification Left, 6th June, 1895-Accepted, 3rd Aug., 1895
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machinery for Cutting Biscuits, Lozenges, and
other Plastic Materials.
We GEORGE SAMUEL BAKER and JOSEPH ALLEN BAKER of 58 City. Road,
London, Engineers do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to the class of machines for cutting biscuits, lozenges, and
like material, in which the material to be cut passes through rollers or other
suitable device for forming it into sheets which are moved forward by suitable
mechanism and operated upon by reciprocating cutters or dies to make the various
shapes or forms required.
The object of this invention is to make more perfect forms, and with less
expenditure of power than in the machines already in use. In biscuit cutting and
similar machines, constructed with reciprocating cutters, cutting out from sheet of
material passing over a flat surface, as in the ordinary type of biscuit cutting
machines, the cutting and impressing requires a much greater amount of power to
effect a clear cutting of the biscuit, and a perfect separation from the scrap, and
does not give so perfect a form as would be the case if the cutting were accom-
plished by means of our invention.
In our machine we construct the biscuit cutters in the form of a cup, in the
bottom of which is placed a movable éjector for forcing the cut material from the
cup; this cup works in connection with an accurately fitting plunger which enters
the cup, causing the, biscuit to be clearly cut as would be the case in an ordinary
punch and die where the punch works through, or into, a die plate. The cutter
cups and the plungers may either cach, have a reciprocating motion, or either one
of them only, while the other remains stationary, but preferably we give récipro-
cating motion to both cutters and plungers. The sets of cutter cups are mounted
upon a suitable bar, carried at the ends in axial bearings, formed in sliding blocks
to which a reciprocating motion is given by means of cranks or similar mechanism,
and the plungers are mounted in like manner upon a bar carried at each end in
sliding blocks, working in an extension of the same guide bars that carry the set of
cutter cups, and operated in a similar manner to same, from the same driving shaft
or otherwise as desired. The cutter cups may work up from the underneath side of
the sheet in a vertical direction, or in a horizontal, or any other position as desired.
We prefer to make the cutter cups to work up through from the under side of the
sheet of material to be operated upon, cutting out the required portion in connection
with the plunger, which is operated upon in a similar manner and at the same time,
but from the opposite direction; the cutters then recede from each other, the
portion cut out remaining in the cutter cup, and a clear space is left between the
cutter and the plunger for the scrap and sheet of material to be moved forward
ready to be operated upon by the return stroke.
As the cutter descends it is caused to rotate upon its axis, by means of a toothed
pinion keyed on the cutter bar shaft which engages with a toothed rack, until it has
reached such position that the portion of material left in the cutter cup may be
forced out, by means of ejecting plates fitted in the bottoms of the cups, and
deposited on the receptacle. The ejector plates are operated either, by means of
springs, or suitable cams fixed upon the sliding blocks, or other device. When
1.

page_text: this operation has been completed at the extreme end of the stroke, the cutter is
brought back again to operate upon the fresh surface of the sheet of material
presented.
In returning the rack engaged with the pinion keyed on the cutter bar causes it
to rotate upon its axis to its original position. After this has been accomplished,
as the bar is travelling, it passes between two guide strips firmly fixed upon the
guides carrying the sliding blocks engaging with corresponding parts fixed upon
the cutter bar which hold it firmly in its position while it is in the act of
cutting.
1001 ليفت
GEORGE SAMUEL BAKER.
JOSEPH ALLEN BAKER.
Improvements in Machinery for Cutting Biscuits, Lozenges, and
other Plastic Materials.
GEORGE SAMUEL BAKER and JOSEPH ALLEN BAKER of 58 City Road,
London, Engineers do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to the class of machines for cutting biscuits, lozenges and
like material, in which the material to be cut passes through rollers or other
suitable device for forming it into sheets which are moved forward by suitable
mechanism and operated upon by reciprocating cutters or dies to make the various
shapes or forms required.
The object of the invention is to make more perfect forms, and with less
expenditure of power than in the machines already in use. In biscuit cutting and
similar machines constructed with reciprocating cutters, cutting out from sheet of
material passing over a flat surface, as in the ordinary type of biscuit cutting
machines, the cutting and impressing requires a much greater amount of power to
effect a clear cutting of the biscuit, and a perfect separation from the scrap, and
does not give so perfect a form as would be the case if the cutting were accomplished
by means of our invention.
In our machine we construct the biscuit cutters in the form of a short cylinder,
square or any shape desired, made of metal or other suitable material and hereafter
called "cutter cups," through which work blocks of metal, corresponding exactly
with the shape of the inside of cutter cups, fastened by means of a pin working
through the bar to which the cutter cups are fixed, to a suitable bar. We prefer
to work these blocks, hereafter called "ejector plates," by means of the ends of
said bar to which the ejector plates are fastened, engaging in grooved cams, the
grooves being of such a shape that, on the downward stroke of the cutter cups, the
said bar is forced nearer the bar to which the cutter cups are fixed, thus causing
the ejector plates to be moved up to the level of the cutting edge of the cutter
cups, and the contents of said cutter cups to be ejected. On the up stroke, the
motion will be reversed and the ejector plates forced back to their original position.
The ejector plates work in connection with accurately fitting plungers or dies
which enter the cutter cups, causing the biscuit to be clearly cut, as would be the
case in an ordinary punch and die where the punch works through or into a die
plate. The cutter cups and the dies may either each have a reciprocating motion
or either one of them only, while the other remains stationary, but preferably we
give reciprocating motion to both cutters and dies. The sets of cutter cups are
mounted upon a suitable bar, carried at the ends in axle bearings, formed in sliding
blocks to which a reciprocating motion is given by means of cranks or similar

page_text: nechanism, and the dies are mounted in like manner upon a bar, carried at each
end in sliding blocks, working in an extension of the same guide bars that carry
he set of cutter cups, and operated in a similar manner to same, from the same
riving shaft or otherwise as desired. The cutter cups may work up from the
inder side of the sheet of material in a vertical direction or in a horizontal or any
other position as desired. We prefer to make the cutter cups to work up through
from the under side, cutting out the required portion, in connection with the dies
which operate in a similar manner and at the same time but from the opposite
direction. The cutter cups and the dies then recede from each other, the portion
cut out remaining in the cutter cups, and a clear space is left between the cutter
cups and dies for the scrap and sheet of material to be moved forward, ready to be
operated upon by the return stroke. As the cutter cups descend they are caused to
rotate by means of a toothed pinion keyed on to the cutter bar shaft, which
engages with a toothed rack until they have reached such position that the material
left in the cutter cups may be forced out by means of the ejecting plates and
deposited on suitable receptacles. When this operation has been completed at the
extreme end of the stroke, the cutter is brought back again to operate upon the
fresh surface of the sheet presented.
In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal elevation of our improved cutting machine.
Fig. 2 is an elevation of the feeding in end.
Fig. 3 is an elevation of the delivery end.
Fig. 4 is a vertical cross section through the line A. B.
Fig. 5 is a plan of top of machine.
Fig. 6 is a part cross section on the line C D showing cutter cups when depositing
the cut material.
Fig. 7 is a part longitudinal section on the line E. F. showing the cutter cups
when depositing the cut material.
Fig. 8 is a part cross section on line C D showing cutter cups and punch dies
when operating upon material.
Fig. 9 is a part longitudinal section on line E F showing cutter cups and punch
dies when operating upon material.
Fig. 10 is a longitudinal section on line G. H showing working of parts.
Figs. 11, 12, 13 and 14 show position of cutter cups and punch dies at different
periods of revolution.
We construct our machine with two side frames 1 to carry the working parts.
The operation of the machine is as follows. The material is passed from a table at
the feeding in end through one or two pairs of guaging or sizing rolls (8) regulated
by any suitable device, on to an endless band (19) which carries the material to a
position ready to be operated upon by the cutter cups (3) and punch dies (5).
Both of these may be reciprocating or either one of them only, but in our machine
we prefer that they should both be. The cutter cups (3) are fastened to a bar or
plate (2) which is worked up and down by means of the toothed disc (15) and
connecting rod (14). The bar upon which punch dies are fixed (20) works simul-
taneously with the cutter bar (2) by means of connecting rods working on eccentrics
cut on the eccentric spindle (6) and in such a position that the punch dies (5) enter
In the operation of
the cutter cups (3) thus causing the form to be clearly cut.
cutting, the cutter bar (2) is held quite steady by means of flats on shaft passing
between the blocks (7). On the return stroke, after being clear of blocks (7), the
position of the cutter cups (3) is reversed by means of the toothed segment (16)
keyed on to cutter bar, engaging with fixed rack (17). At the same time the cut
material in the cutter cups (3) is ejected by the ejector plates (4) which we work
by means of the cam (18), and deposited on to suitable receptacles (22). An
impression can thus be made on either top or bottom of the cut shape (21), by
having a device engraved on punch dies (5) or ejector plates (4). On the up
stroke the position of the cutter cups is again reversed and the same operation
repeated. The scrap is carried away on the endless band (10) which is worked by

page_text: the ratchet gearing (11) to the scrap box (9). In a similar manner the trays on
which the cut material is deposited (22) are carried along by means of the endless
chains or web (12) worked by the ratchet gearing (13). A skip motion, to give an
extra movement to the endless chains or web (12) to prevent the cut material (21)
from being deposited on the edge or between the trays, similar to that in use on the
ordinary type of biscuit cutting machines, may be used.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is :-
(1.) The method of cutting and impressing biscuits, lozenges or similar plastic
material by means of reciprocating punch dies or cutter cups, substantially as set
forth.
(2.) The device of bars or plates carrying cutter cups and punch dies with
mechanism for revolving the cutter bar on its axis and ejectors for depositing
material operated on upon suitable receptacles for baking or drying as required
substantially as set forth.
(3.) The combination of bars or plates carrying cutter cups and punch dies with
mechanism for revolving the cutter bar or plate on its axis, and ejectors for
depositing material operated on upon suitable receptacles for baking or drying as
required, with suitable rolls for rolling plastic material and webs or other device
for taking material from rolls to cutters to be operated upon and taking scrap from
cutters or dies to suitable receptacle substantially as described.
(4.) The combination of bars or plates carrying cutter cups and punch dies with
mechanism for revolving the cutter bar on its axis and ejectors for depositing
material operated on upon suitable receptacles for baking or drying as required,
with web or chains carrying pans or other receptacles to receive the material
operated upon by cutters, in which arrangements may be made for giving an extra
motion to the band or chain in order to prevent biscuits &c. from being deposited
upon edges or between receptacles as in biscuit cutting machines already in use,
substantially as described.
(5.) The combination of all the working parts of machine substantially as set
forth.
Dated this 5th day of June 1895.
GEORGE SAMUEL BAKER.
JOSEPH ALLEN BAKER!