Improvements in Typewriting Machines.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 14th Nov., 1898-Accepted, 28th Oct., 1899
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Typewriting Machines.
We, CELESTIN ESPRIT GERNICHIE and FULBERT DUTOYA, both of Mont-de-
Marsan, (Landes), in the Republic of France, Telegraphists, do hereby declare
the nature of this invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement,
and accompanying drawings, that is to say:-
The system of typewriting machine which forms the subject of the present
invention depends essentially upon the following considerations:
First, The arrangement of a keyboard or set of keys consisting of any number
of keys, each of which can occupy two positions.
(a.) A position of rest, in which they are not subject to any action direct or
indirect on the part of the operator. In this case the keys are forced up by
the action of a spring.
(b.) The position of work, when they can be operated by a downward movement.
In this case the keys acted upon are lowered.
(e.) These keys being intended to be operated with the object of forming, by
the depression of any key, or by the simultaneous depression of different keys,
combinations which are differentiated between one another by the positions which
the keys which have been simultaneously depressed in the combination thus
formed occupy on the keyboard.
Supposing, for example, a set consisting of five keys, and deducting the com-
bination represented by the position of all the keys when at rest, the total number
of all the combinations which may be made with these five keys will be thirty
one.
"
Second, The arrangement of mechanism which allows by the operation of a
special device, combined with the operations effected upon each of the keys taken
separately, the communication of several values to each of the combinations which
can be produced by means of the keys.
These different values being represented by characters or signs, their total
number is obtained by multiplying the number of the keys of the keyboard by
the number of the combinations which can be produced with these keys.
If in the keyboard taken as an example, thirty-one available combinations are
produced, the combined operation of our special device and of the keys will
allow five different characters to be obtained from each combination, or a total
of 155 characters.
Third, The arrangement of mechanism for the purpose of transferring and
printing, in any suitable characters, the combinations which result from the
position which the depressed keys occupy in the keyboard or set of keys. The
character, resulting from each combination, remaining subordinate to the opera-
tions previously effected upon the special device and upon the keys actuated
one by one, each key plays in this operation a determined part.
Fourth, The arrangement of characters upon the circumference of a type-
wheel in as many rows as the key-board contains keys, and obtaining their
impression by causing them to print, by embossing or perforation, upon one or
more sheets suitably arranged."

page_text: Fifth, The arrangement of suitable mechanism for automatically producing
interlineal spaces and margins.
Sixth, The use, for the production of the spacing, of the words, numbers or
signs, of the special device already mentioned, (No. 2).
Seventh, The arrangement of mechanism by which the holder, which carries
the sheet being printed, can automatically move backward so as to permit the
correction by superposition of the character last printed.
Eighth, Feeding mechanism by which the sheet is fed forward after each
character has been printed.
These are the essential characteristics of our new writing machine.
In putting our invention in practice, we make use (in principle) of the
mechanical transference of the thirty-one combinations obtainable on a key-
board of five keys of the devices designed under the names of "Selector"
(Cherchuer) and Combiner" (Combinateur) invented by Baudot, and which
are used in his different systems of telegraphic apparatus.
These devices are now available to the public, but it should be remarked that
their application to our writing machine has necessitated very important modifica
tion both as regards the novel construction of these parts and their method of
operation in our machine.
6.
We specially insist, as will be seen by examining the descriptions which
follow, upon the points of construction and operation in which the devices which
we use differ from previous ones, so as to constitute an essential novelty.
The two discs which form our combiner" are not separated by any partition,
either continuous or intermittent. This arrangement permits the feet of the
"selectors" to pass from the edge of one disc to that of the other at any point
of their circumference, either to take their working position or to return to their
position of rest.
The circumference of the combiner is not provided with any cam for the
purpose of causing, at the determined points, the passage of the selectors on to one
or other of the discs of the combiner.
The selectors, being able to make these movements at any point whatever of
the circumference of the combiner, their displacement is effected directly by the
keys which are in mechanical connection with the axes of the selectors.
The circumference of our combiner presents no inoperative part, that is to
say, that, being divided into thirty-one equal parts, each of its divisions corre-
sponds to the five characters which relate to that of the thirty-one combinations
which is transferred at this point of the circumference of the combiner.
When all the keys are at rest, the feet of the five selectors do not press upon
the circumference of the combiner, which, in this condition, is not made to
revolve.
The combiner is only set in motion after the depression of the keys, its
movement is intermittent, and it is stopped by the fall or by the raising of the
selectors at the moment when they are transferring the combination, determined
upon the keyboard.
We also consider of particular importance the following points:-The arrange-
ment which allows, by the working of our special device (which we denominate a
multiplying frame), combined with the operations effected by each key of the
keyboard taken individually, the relation to each combination of at least as many
characters as the keyboard contains keys; this number of characters relating to
each combination being capable of indefinite augmentation by the use of addi-
tional supplementary levers, and the arrangements specified in articles 4, 5, 6, 7,
and 8 above, as well as the mechanism and accessory devices included in the
description which follows.
DESCRIPTION

page_text: given by way of example, and that we reserve the right or mounying the number
of keys of the keyboard, the connections, arrangements, forms, and dimensions;
of all the parts or devices which are included in it.
1-
Description of the figures. In the accompanying drawings:-
Figure 1 is a plan of the multiplying frame;
Figure 1b is a side view of the same;
Figure 2 is a plan of the frame actuated by the keys;
Figure 2b is a side view of the same;
Figure 3 is a plan, showing the whole of the five levers and five keys together;
Figure 3b is a side view of a key lever and its multiplyer-catch;
Figure 4 is a plan of five levers together, acting upon the multiplier-catchers of
the keys;
Figure 4b is a side view of one of these levers;
Figure 5 is a plan of that part of the mechanism relating to the disengagement
of the transferring system;
Figure 5 bis is a side view of the same;
Figure 6 shows a side view of the whole of the connecting mechanism of the
key levers, of the levers acting upon the multiplier-catches, of the rod of the
multiplier frame, of the frame operated by the keys, of the toothed multiplier
sector, and of the elevating lever of the type-wheel;
Figure 7 shows a back view of the mechanism for connecting the keys;
Figure 7 shows a connecting key-pawl;
Figure 7 shows the principal lever of the mechanism for disengaging the
keys;
Figure 7 shows a plan of this mechanism;
Figure 8 is a plan of the whole of the multiplier mechanism ;
Figures 8, 8, 80, 80, 8, 8, 8, 8, 8', 8, 8, show details of the multiplier
mechanism;
Figure 9 is a vertical section showing the devices for transferring and printing;
Figure 10 is a plan of the mechanism for engaging and disengaging the trans-
ferring and printing devices;
Figure 11 is a plan of the resting disc of the combiner, of the five selectors, of
the propelling lever, and of the catch lever;
Figure 12 is a plan of the working disc of the combiner;
Figure 13 is a view of a selector;
Figure 13bi is a plan of the same;
Figure 14 is a side view of a lever actuated by the rod of the multiplier frame,
for the movement of the carriage;
Figure 14b is a plan of the same;
Figure 15 is a plan of the whole of the mechanism for moving the carriage
forward, and a view of the spindle for effecting the automatic movement of the
latter backward, for re-printing upon the character last printed:
Figure 15bi is a back view of the different parts of the mechanism for feeding
the carriage forward:
Figures 16, 17, and 18 show in detail the parts of the mechanism for feeding
the carriage forward;
Figure 19 is a plan in detail of the horizontal lever for feeding the carriage,
and for re-winding the driving device, with a view of the re-winding wheels;"
Figure 20 is a transverse section of the machine:
Figure 21 is a side view of the whole of the re-winding mechanism;
Figure 21 is a plan of the same:
Figures 22, 23, and 24, are side views of the details of the re-winding
apparatus;
Figures 22bis, 23bis, and 24bis, are plans of the same:

page_text: Figure 25 represents a developement of the surface of the cylinder of the
type-wheel, taken from its centre;
Figure 26 shows conventional characters which may be associated with, or
substituted for, the characters shown in Figure 25, to be reproduced either by
printing, by embossing, or by perforation of the sheets which receive the im-
pression; each of the 31 combinations shown indicates also the position which
the keys should occupy to obtain the impression of the character corresponding
to Figure 25;
Figure 27 is a transverse section of the carriage;
Figure 28 is a plan of the machine;
Figure 29 shows the stop bolt of the multiplier frame;
Figure 30 is a plan of the slide of the carriage;
Figure 31 is an elevation of the carriage from behind;
Figure 32 is a plan of the mechanism for automatically producing the inter-
lineal space before the carriage has been pushed by the operator to bring it back
to the left;
Figures 33, 34, 35, and 36 show the details of this mechanism;
Figures 36 and 37 also show the method of fixing the rack and the mechanism
which allows it to be placed out of the way of the devices which feed the car-
riage forward;
Figure 37 also shows how the vertical levers, and consequently the keys, are
prevented from moving when the impression has reached the end of the line on
the sheet which is being printed.
The machine consists of a frame composed of two horizontal plates, the sur-
faces of which serve to support the mechanism.
A part of the latter is situated above the upper plate.
The interior mechanism is protected by vertical moveable plates round the
different sides of the machine.
The lower plate is supported upon four feet.
The entire machine includes the following parts:-
1st, The keyboard and its accessories.
2nd, The mechanism which effects the transfer of the combinations formed on
the keyboard;
3rd, The type-wheel,
4th, The mechanism which operates the transferring and printing devices,
5th, Mechanism for bringing before the sheet to be printed the different rows
of characters upon the type-wheel,
6th, The carriage and its accessories,
7th, The mechanism for feeding the carriage forward,
8th, The mechanism for spacing between the lines,
9th, Mechanism for determining the margins of the sheets,
10th, The automatic mechanism for bringing back the carriage one division.
11th, The method of fixing the parts of the keyboard and keys when the car-
riage has reached the end of its course to the left.
12, The method of moving the carriage in any direction.
I. KEYBOARD.
The keyboard is a part of the machine upon which the operator works. It may
consist of any desired number of keys.
By way of example, we will suppose it to consist of five keys, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15,
(Figures 3 and 28), arranged at the ends of five levers, L', L2, L3, L4, L³ (Fig. 3),
the back ends of which turn upon an axis a which passes through theni, and the
ends of which axis are fixed to the frame of the machine.
A spring, r, (Figure 6) tends to raise each lever.
The five levers are parallel to one another for a part of their length, but at a
certain distance from their axis they spread out from each other, in order to re-
ceive the key which corresponds to each of them.

page_text: The five keys are parallel to one another, but this condition is not essential.
It is advisable that the total horizontal surface which they include should be
sufficiently restricted to render it possible to operate them with the fingers of one
hand only. The operator may, however, if he desires use both hands for the form-
ation of combinations.
Each lever is provided with a projection having a notch c (Figures 3 and 6),
into which, when the key is depressed, the end C, of a catch or pawl can engage,
so as to keep the key depressed, (Figures 6, 7, 74, 7bie).
There are five coupling catches, c³, c², c³, c, c³, each corresponding to one of the
key levers. They are fitted upon an axis a¹ (Figures 7 and 7bi), the ends of which
are fixed under the lower plate of the machine. This axis may be arranged so
that its ends fit sufficiently tightly in the brackets p.
Each catch is acted upon by a spring 1 (Figure 6), which pushes its end against
the projection or shoulder e2 of the key lever.
Two levers, one L6, the other forming two arms L, L8, (Figures 7 and 7") are
placed at opposite ends of the axis a', and may be either formed or fixed upon it.
These two arms are connected by a rod t to which they are fixed.
This rod passes, in relation to the five catches, on the opposite side to the
springs r, so that it can push them back out of the notch e when the end of the
lever L is submitted to the action of a pin g fixed upon a specially formed arm
(Figures 6, 7, and 7bis).
The five key levers are provided with small horizontal axes a² (Figure 3). Each
of these axes serves as a pivot for a double-armed lever, c, c7 (Figures 3 bis & 6).
The upper arm ends in a tooth d, and a spring tends to press this arm to the
left (Figure 6).
The lower arm c is directed horizontally, and presses against the front end of
one of the levers L10, (Figures 4, 4bis and 6). The latter are also five in number,
and are placed respectively below the key levers which correspond with them.
They can turn at their back end, upon an axis a³ which passes through them,
and the ends of which are fixed in the frame of the machine.
Each lever L is pressed up by a spring 73 (Figure 6) of greater strength than
that of the spring r³.
Below the five key levers L1, L2, L3, L4, L³, runs, parallel to their axis a rod t
(Figure 2) fixed to the front ends of two levers L1, L2, which can turn round an
axis a', which passes through their back end. The ends of this axis are fixed in
the frame of the machine.
These parts, which have the form of a frame, are pressed upward by a spring,
and no key can be depressed without taking with it the rod t*.
A lever L (Figures 2, 2bis, 5, and 5bi³), connected by a sleeve m to the frame
just mentioned, carries at its upper end an axis which serves as pivot to a pawl c
specially shaped.
This pawl, the outer end of which (Figure 5) is pressed up by a spring. (which
may be coiled round its axis at ¹³) is directed horizontally, and its upper surface
is cut away so as to form an inclined plane against which presses a horizontal
ping fixed at the end of a lever L", (Figures 1 and 1bis, 5 and 5 bi³).
This arrangement prevents the pawl from moving from right to left when
oscillating with the lever L3 round the axis at, without progressively lowering
its outer end, on account of the presence of the pin gl above it.
The outer end (Figure 5) of the pawl is arranged opposite a vertical pin g²
carried at the end of a lever L19.
It will be seen that, if the lever L carrying the pin g has been previously
lowered, the end of the pawl e drawn downward could not, in moving towards
the left, reach the pin g².
A lever arm L16 (Figure 2bis), forming a part of the frame formed by at, L",
L2, and 7, is directed vertically up and its free end projects above the upper plate
of the machine.

page_text: 11. THE MECHANISM OPERATING THE TRANSFER OF THE COMBINATIONS PRODUCED
ON THE KEYBOARD.
This mechanism consists of the following parts:
A vertical axis m¹ (Figure 9) forming a sleeve, that is to say, having a tubular
form, carries two adjoining discs D and D'. The circumference of each disc,
exactly represented in Figures 11 and 12, shows the parts where the circumference
remains, and the other parts, which are cut away. D (Figure 11) is the disc oppo-
site to which are the levers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, which correspond with the keys not acted
upon.
The succession of the uncut parts and of the cut-away parts on the circum-
ferences of the two discs is such that opposite a recess, formed on the circumfer-
ence of the disc D, corresponds a part not cut away on the circumference of the
disc D, and vice versa, the total of the recesses made in the two discs is thirty-
one in the case of a keyboard consisting of five keys.
The two discs of the combiner are not separated by any partition extending
outside their circumference.
On the circumference of these discs can rest the ends of five levers of a special
form.
Each of these levers is fixed upon a vertical axis m² (Figure 13).
These five axes are parallel to one another, and independent in their longitu-
dinal movement.
Their movement is limited by two plates 21 and p2 (Figure 9) having holes
through which the axes pass.
The five levers shown (Figure 11) are identical in shape, and besides the arm
which tends to rest upon the circumference of the combiner, (the "combiner "
being constituted by the two adjoining dises D and D¹), each (selector) carries a
second arm arranged in the direction of the prolongation of the radius of the
combiner, and the extremity of this second arm provided with a transverse
bar which gives it the form of a T. The ends of these transverse bars, coming
in contact with one another the ends e of the lower arms should be arranged in
the arc of a circle.
The presence of the transverse bars renders the five selectors solid together in
the movement of oscillation on their axis.
The name
selector" (chercheur) is applied to the whole of the arms carried
upon the axis m³ (Figure 13).
The axes of the selectors are prolonged to a considerable distance below the
plate p2 (Figure 9).
This part of their axis is surrounded by a helical spring, the upper end of
which presses against the plate p², and its lower end upon the pin g³ fixed in the
lower end of the axis m².
The lower ends of the five axes are opposite the five key levers at the point
where the latter cease to be parallel.
The helical spring which surrounds the axis of each selector tends to depress
the latter, whilst, by means of their springs r, (Figure 6) the levers exercise upon
these axes an opposite and preponderating force.
When the key is not depressed, the axis of the selector is in its highest posi-
tion, and the foot e is opposite the edge of the disc D. If the key is depressed,
the helical spring draws down the axis of the selector, and the foot c6 comes
opposite the disc D'.
To the left of the five selectors (Figures 10 and 11) is placed a sixth axis m³
(the axis of the detent lever), parallel to the axes of the selectors.
This axis cannot move endways, but it can take an oscillating movement round
its centre (Figures 10 and 11).
It carries two arms, one, d, of which (detent lever) presents its free end oppo-
site to the end 2 of a lever L17; the other arm d, which has the form of an L

page_text: inverted, is acted on by a spring rt, operating on the axis m³ so as to force it
against the left end of the transverse bar of the fifth selector.
To the right of the first selector is arranged a seventh axis m', parallel to the
axes of the selectors. This axis can only, like the axis m³, oscillate round its
centre. It carries a lever arm (propelling lever) which a spring tends to
force against the right extremity of the transverse bar of the first selector.
The action of the spring, being stronger that that of the spring, the
whole system constituted by the seven axes described tends to cause an oscilla-
ting movement from right to left, (when referring to the transverse bars of the
levers which they support), (Figure 11).
When the feet of the five selectors are placed opposite the edge of the disc 1),
the end of the lever L is engaged under the free end of the lever d, which
it raises. (This condition is carried out on account of the action of these parts,
which we shall explain later on). The feet of the five selectors, in this case, are
also raised, and do not come in contact with the circumference of the disc D).
Below the discs D) and D' the tubular axis m¹ carries a ratchet wheel R (Figures 9
and 10), having round its circumference thirty-one teeth of equal length.
Above the two discs of the combiner, the axis m¹ carries a toothed wheel R¹
(Figures 9 and 19), which receives its movement from another toothed wheel R
(Figures 19, 21, 21bi*, 22, 22bis).
The tubular axis m' fits sufficiently tightly upon an axis m³ (Figure 9), of
which it practically forms a part, but only in the movement of rotation.
The length of the tubular axis m¹ is limited by two arms m and m², which
serve as supports to the axis m³ which passes sufficiently tightly through their
ends.
The lower end of the axis m³ carries a pulley p³, in a groove round which en-
gages a pin g fixed at the end of the elevator lever L29 (Figures 6, S, and 20).
At the upper end of the axis m³ is placed the type-wheel R³.
As we have already pointed out, the axis m and the tubular axis m² are only
solid together in their movement of rotation, the axis me alone being able to move
longitudinally.
(a.) For this purpose, a pin of sufficient length, fixed in the axis m³, fits in
a longitudinal groove in the tubular sleeve m' in which it can slide as the axis m
is raised or lowered.
The upper end of the tubular axis may be strengthened by a ring 74 (Figure 9).
(b.) An arrangement the reverse of the last may be employed; in this case the
axis m will have a groove, in which slides a pin fixed in the tubular axis.
To avoid the use of a pin the axis m³, and the interior of the axis m¹ may in
section be square, triangular, or of other form than cylindrical.
The two supporting arms me and m² are fixed at their ends opposite to the
axis m upon a vertical axis ms, the ends of which turn in openings in the
plates p and 2 of the machine (Figure 9).
The axis m³, and the parts which it carries, can, therefore, together with the
arms me and m², perform an oscillating movement with the axis m³.
A spring tends to move the system in the direction of the arrow f (Figure 10).
A pin fixed on the plate 15 limits this displacement toward the left of
Figure 10.
The lower arm m² Carries on its upper face a vertical axis m¹5, which serves
as a pivot to a three-armed lever L, L18, L1, these arms being situated in
different planes (Figure 10). The lower arm L19 passes below the ratchet wheel R
and carries on its lower face two vertical pins g² and g. The pin 2 at the end
of the arm comes opposite to the free end of the pawl 8 (Figures 5 and 5bis).
The pin g comes opposite the upper end of the lever L' (Figures 6, 7, and 7bis).
The arm L18 is formed of a pawl placed in the plane of the ratchet wheel R in
the teeth of which its end can engage.
The third arm L" comes opposite to the end of the lever d' which occupies
the same plane.

page_text: A spring acts upon the three-armed lever, tending to move it from left to
right (Figure 10).
III. THE TYPE WHEEL.
The type-wheel R³ is fixed upon an enlargement p³ of the upper end of the
axis m³.
It may be provided with as many series of thirty one characters as the keyboard
contains keys. This number of series may be increased by the addition of supple-
mentary levers, independent of the keys of the keyboard.
Figures 25 and 20 are illustrations, or developments, serving to show the com-
bination of keys for producing the different letters or signs, but they do not
represent any actual parts of the machine.
Figure 25 represents all the characters which can be made or printed with the
machine. There are five rows of letters or signs, each of which rows as desired
can be brought into position for printing or impressing the paper. Each row
contains 31 characters; that is to say, the number of different combinations
which can be used with five keys. (There might be 32, but that one in, which
all the keys are raised is not used.)
Figure 26 shows, in diagram form, these different combinations of keys. It
will be seen that it shows 31 vertical lines which represent the 31 combinations.
The horizontal lines are five in number, each representing one key. The black
points show the keys which are to be depressed in order to print the letter or
sign corresponding with those upon the vertical lines in Figure 25, the particular
horizontal line or set of letters or signs required, having been adjusted opposite
to the paper, so that it alone prints upon the latter.
For example, after having adjusted opposite to the paper the particular series
of characters (or horizontal line in Figure 25) which it is intended to print,
suppose that it is desired to print the letter.j. The Figures 1,2, 3, 4, 5, at the
right of Figure 26, represent the five keys and the points corresponding with
these figures indicate that the corresponding keys should be depressed.
The first combination of Figure 26 (which corresponds with the letter j of
Figure 25) indicates that to produce this character the keys numbered 2 and 3
should be simultaneously depressed, and so on for the others.
The characters upon the type-wheel which print or produce the impressions
upon the paper may be of any kind and form, either, by way of example, series
of characters as shown in Figure 25, or conventional signs of the kind such as
are shown in Figure 26. These latter characters, being well adapted for embos-
sing, or perforating, the sheet which receives the impression, may either be sub-
stituted, with some additions, for the characters shown in Figure 25, or may even
be associated with them, in order to cause the simultaneous printing of the former
and embossing of the latter, in a machine for the use of blind people. The
embossing or perforations upon the paper will correspond with the combinations
of keys used, (as illustrated in Figure 26).
With this object, two type-wheels may be placed upon the axis m³, the first
carrying the characters shown in Figure 25, the second, characters analogous to
those shown in Figure 26. The addition of a point at the upper part of the
latter characters might represent capital letters, whilst a similar point placed at
the lower part of the characters might signify figures or punctuation marks.
These arrangements are, however, readily modified, and are only given by way
of example.
The simultaneous printing and embossing may be effected;
1st. Either upon a single sheet, the upper part of which would receive the
impression for ordinary readers, and the lower part, the embossed characters to
be read by the blind.
(The arrangement of the leaves which receive the impression will be described
later on.)
2nd. Or, upon two distinct sheets, one intended for ordinary readers, and the
other for the blind,

page_text: end p by means of screws, traversing grooves of the shape shown (Figure 28),
the opening made at one end of each groove is sufficient to let the head of the
screw which fixed the wheel pass, so that when the latter is brought into its
position it is not necessary entirely to remove the screw in order to remove the
wheel.
The inking of the characters on the type-wheel is effected by means of a cylin-
drical pad R10, which can turn round an axis carried at the end of one arm of a
horizontal lever L2, which is pivotted upon an axis fixed upon the upper plate of
the machine (Figures 20 and 28).
A second arm L, rigidly connected with the first, works on the surface of this
plate, and its end is provided with a vertical pin 9" which, passing through an
opening in the thickness of the plate, comes opposite a second pin arranged
horizontally at the end of a horizontal slide 28 which can be moved in the direc-
tion of its length, and is held against the upper plate by two bridges forming
guides.
Its back end is arranged opposite a vertical lever L23 (Figures 14 and 20).
IV. THE MECHANISM FOR OPERATING THE TRANSFERRING AND PRINTING DEVICES.
The motive force which produces the movement of the transferring and print-
ing devices acts upon the driving wheel R2 which transmits the movement to the
toothed wheel R.
This force may be obtained by the tension of a spiral spring R³, one end of
which is hooked to the tooth d³, fixed upon a part forming a suitable point of
attachment, and the outer end of this spring is hooked to a tooth do carried by
the driving wheel R2 which turns freely upon the axis m³, which serves as its
pivot. (Figures 9, 19, 21, 21 bis, 22, 22bis).
The tension of the driving spring may be effected by means of a key acting
upon the part which carries the tooth to which the spring is attached. As
this is somewhat inconvenient, however, we have devised means for effecting the
winding up of the spring automatically, and, so to speak, in exact proportion to
the requirements of the machine.
For this purpose either the movement which the frame, actuated by the
depression of the keys, in the different combinations formed by means of the
latter, receives, may be utilized, or, on the other hand, the depression of the
multiplier frame, in the different cases where the latter is actuated may be
utilized for the same purpose.
Or, finally, by the return of the carriage to the right of the operator, when
its movement is effected by hand, in order to commence a fresh line upon the
sheet which is being printed.
The automatic winding up of the spring is effected by utilizing indifferently
the depression of the keys, or of the multiplier frame, by means of the follow-
ing mechanism:
Upon the upper plate, of the machine is fixed a vertical axis m³ (Figure 19),
which serves as a pivot to a lever L2 made of special shape, and provided at
its free end with a toothed sector S.
The latter gears with a pinion R* fixed at the upper end of an axis mo, the
lower end of which is carried by a bracket p? fixed upon the upper plate of the
machine.
The axis m carries a toothed wheel R³, which gears with a pinion R6 upon
a sleeve m" fitted sufficiently tightly upon the axis m³, (Figures 9, 21, 21 bi³, 24,
and 24bis).
The sleeve m¹ carries on its lower part a ratchet wheel R7 (Figures 24
and 24bi).
Upon the axis m³, and below the sleeve m¹¹, is fitted a second sleeve m¹³, carry-
ing a ratchet wheel R8 (Figures 23 and 23b), this wheel carries upon its upper
side a pawl formed of two arms; one of these arms c, which constitutes the pawl
itself, is acted upon by a spring R³, so that it engages with the teeth of the

page_text: ratchet wheel R', and the second arm 10 carries at its end a pin g' which passes
freely through an opening in the wheel R8 (Figures 21 and 23), and projects a
certain distance through it.
A pawl cl, carried by a vertical axis m¹³, engages with the teeth of the ratchet
wheel R8 and prevents any backward movement of this wheel.
A tooth upon the sleeve m¹2 holds one end of the driving spring.
Finally, a third sleeve m14, (Figure 22), placed below the sleeve m2, and also
fitted sufficiently tightly upon the axis m8 carries the driving toothed wheel R
which transmits the movement to the toothed wheel R₁ (Figures 9, 21bis,
22, 22bi³).
The driving wheel R2 carries near its circumference, and upon its upper side,
a tooth de to which the outer end of the driving spring is attached.
It also carries a block 2210, of which the face turned toward the axis m8 is cut
away obliquely. This surface is arranged in the path which the pin 7 moves
through when the wheel R8 is made to revolve.
When the pin g7 meets the inclined plane thus arranged, the arm
is freed
from the teeth of the ratchet wheel R7, and is no longer subject to the action of
'the latter.
The winding up of the driving spring may be effected automatically by the
return of the carriage towards the right of the operator.
For this purpose, a
supplementary pinion, placed behind the rack of the carriage, may gear with the
latter. A. toothed wheel upon the same axis as the supplementary pinion com-
municates. the movement to the pinion R
...A
The arrangement of the different parts may be modified as may be found
.advisable.
The following is the operation of the whole of the mechanism above described.
When one or more keys are depressed, they carry in their movement the rod t
(Figure 20) and the levers L10 corresponding to each of them.
40%
The axes of the selectors corresponding to the depressed keys, and acted upon
by their helical springs, move downward and carry the feet of their selectors
opposite the edge of the disc D'
During the rotating movement of the combiner, the full parts, as well as the
cut-away parts, on the circumference of the discs pass under the five feet of the
selectors. The arrangement of the discs is such that the five. feet of the selectors
can only (whatever. may be the combination made on the keyboard) find simul-
taneously a recess under each of their feet at a particular part of the circumfer-
ence, for each combination made.
One of the thirty-one divisions of the combiner corresponds with each of the
thirty-one combinations made on the keys.
When, from the rotation of the combiner, five recesses simultaneously come
beneath the feet of the five selectors, the latter, through the constant action of the
spring, tend to fall into the space formed by the recesses.
This oscillating movement of the selectors on their axes is of short duration.
Their feet immediately struck by the part of the combiner which is not cut away,
rise a little above the circumference of the latter, on account of the impulse which
they have received in leaving the five recesses or notches into which they had
fallen.
The spring allows the axis m³ to follow the oscillating movement which the
five selectors make in rising. In this movement, the end of the lever & moves
from the end of the arm L. The latter, acted on by the spring 7, turns on the
axis m¹5, and the pawl L18 engages with one of the teeth of the ratchet wheel R
which is, therefore, stopped.
In the oscillating movement which causes the pawl L18 to engage with the
teeth of the wheel R, the lever arm L¹ is directed from the front to the back; the
ping has pushed back in the same direction the end of the lever L', (Figures 6
and 7), the rod to of which pushes back the five engaging pawls of the keys. The
latter can, therefore, come back to their position of rest.

page_text: The pawl which has remained brought from the back to the front until the
rising of the keys, has not prevented the fall of the catch L18; for, as will be seen
from the above description, it has only been able to push back the pin ga by
effecting a downward movement. This movement, having only ceased after
its action on the pin 2 has been completed, it results that, during the working
of the transferring devices, its free end is clear of the pin g when the oscillation
of the three-armed lever stops the movement of the axis of the combiner.
In this position, the character presented by the type-wheel to the sheet on
which the impression is to be made, corresponds with the combination made on
the key-board.
When the bar t' has been moved by the depressed keys, the lever L16 which is
rigidly connected with the arms L1 and L2, has oscillated on the axis a', and
its moveable extremity being directed from the back to the front of the machine,
has met the horizontal lever L. The latter, oscillating round the axis m³, its
toothed sector S gearing with the pinion R communicates to the latter a rotating
movement in the direction indicated by the arrow f1 (Figure 21bi³).
The pinion R communicates to the pinion R6, by the intervention of the
wheel R, a movement indicated by the arrow f2 (Figure 24bi).
The pawl c, resting upon the teeth of the wheel R7, the latter drives also the
wheel R8 which carries the pawl c³.
The teeth of the detents ci rise readily over the inclined side of the teeth of the
wheel R8, and do not prevent this movement, but the detent prevents any backward
movement of the wheel RB.
The tooth upon the sleeve m2, to which the wheel R8 is attached, has also
participated in the rotating movement, and has the effect of winding up the
driving spring.
This spring is wound up to the same extent every time that any combination is
effected by means of the keys of the keyboard.
It will be seen later that the manipulations of other parts of the machine tend
to produce a similar action.
The extent to which the driving spring is unwound, every time the transferring
devices are put in action, is variable in amount.
The relation which exists between the winding-up devices tends to store up an
amount of power greater than the average amount used, and it is therefore
advisable to stop the action of the automatic winding gear when the limit of the
tension of the driving spring is reached. This is the object of the inclined
plane p. When the pin g7 reaches it, the pawl is removed out of reach of the
teeth of the wheel R7, which then no longer operates the wheel R8, so that the
tooth d³, which fastens the driving spring remains immovable until the spring is
sufficiently unwound by reason of the movement of the driving wheel, and of the
transferring devices.
When, by the rising of the keys, the lever L comes back to its position of rest, the
sector S communicates to the pinion R, and consequently to the pinion R, a
movement the reverse of the former one. In this movement, in which the wheel R
participates, the pawl crises over the oblique sides of the teeth of the wheel R7
without preventing the backward movement of the latter.
V. MECHANISM FOR BRINGING IN FRONT OF THE SHEET WHICH RECEIVES THE
IMPRESSION, THE DIFFERENT Rows OF CHARACTERS CARRIED BY THE TYPE-
WHEEL.
This mechanism consists of the following parts:
A frame C¹, C², forming a rectangle which surrounds the five keys of the
keyboard.
The sides of this rectangle occupy different heights the side C2 is placed in
front, and below the level, of the keys, the sides are at the level of the keys,
and the back, C¹, forms a platform, raised above the keys (Figures 1, 1bis, 20,
and 28).

page_text: The frame is fixed at the front ends of two arms L2 and L26, which turn upon
the axis a common to the five keys.
The levers L2 and L2 are connected by a bar 18 which passes above, and at
a very short distance from, the five levers (raisers) L10 (Figures 6 and 20), and
from one of the arms of the lever L23 (Figures 14, 14bis, and 20) carried by a
sleeve mi turning sufficiently tightly upon the axis a of the frame operated by
the keys.
The second arm of the lever L23 is fixed upon the same sleeve, and rises vertically,
projecting by the side of the arm L₁ above the upper plate of the machine.
On the other hand, a lever L4, (Figures 1, 1bis, 5, 5bis, and 20) rigidly attached
to the arms of the frame which surrounds the keys by means of the sleeve m¹ to
which it is fixed, carries at its upper end a horizontal pin g' which rests upon the.
upper surface of the pawl cs.
A spring tends to raise the parts formed by the frame C¹, C³, and the arms which
support it.
Further, upon a horizontal axis a³ (Figure 8), arranged under the lower plate of
the machine, are fitted six sleeves carrying specially shaped devices.
The sleeve to the right, B, carries a lever L20 (Figures 6 and 8), having at its end
a block in which is fixed a horizontal pin which engages in the groove round
the pulley. This sleeve B5 also carries a lever having a beak-shaped end, and a
specially shaped sector carrying on its curved part five teeth arranged in steps,
(Figures 6, 8, 8°).
A bar to, triangular in section (Figure 6) fixed at its ends to two arms turning
on centres at p¹¹, runs above the five sleeves fitted upon the axis a³, and is pressed
downward by a spring which tends to force it against the toothed curve of the
sector S³.
The latter carries the end of a cylindrical spindle 10 (Figure 8), the other end of
which is supported by an arm L27 (Figure 8) fixed upon the sleeve B (Figure 8)
placed at the left end of the axis as. Between the sleeves B and B are arranged
four other sleeves 131, 133, B3, B4. Each of these is provided with a beak-shaped
lever b¹, 2, 63, 64, and with a sector, not toothed, the periphery of which is made
with a special eccentricity for each of them (Figures 8, 8, 8, 8").
The five sectors S', S2, S3, S4, S5, are each provided with a spring which tends to
move them towards the left of the figure.
The four first sectors only yield to the action of their springs when no downward
pressure is exercised upon the ends 61, 63, 63, 64 of their levers.
It is the same with the toothed sector which, moreover, cannot yield to the
action of its spring until the bar to is disengaged from its teeth, and the bar (10
does not meet the obstacle formed by the side, al of one of the other sectors,
when the downward pressure is exercised upon the beak-shaped points of these
sectors.
The following is the action of this mechanism:
To effect the displacement of the type-wheel in a vertical direction, in order
to bring any determined row of the characters which it bears, in front of the
sheet to be printed, the frame which surrounds the keyboard, and which we will
call the multiplier frame, is first depressed.
The bar 8 of the multiplier frame simultaneously depresses the five raising
levers L10, the front ends of which, no longer press up against the arms cof
the pawl c, so that these pawls are forced to the left by their springs r, and their
teeth d come above the beak-shaped points b₁₁ bª, 63, 64, 65.
The depression of the multiplier-frame has had the effect of also moving down
the horizontal pin g', which compels the pawl 8 to move down below the end of
the pin g³.
The lever L3, the object of which will be explained later on, has also been
operated by the rod 18.
Whilst the multiplier-frame is kept depressed, that of the five keys which

page_text: corresponds to the series or row of characters which it is desired to bring opposite
to the sheet which is to be printed (the fourth, for example), is pressed down,
and we will suppose that the bar was engaged in the tooth 5, before this
operation.
The pawl c, c, in descending has brought down the beak-shaped point 6* which
corresponds with the lowered key 4.
The sector S has moved forward. Its excentric curved part has raised the
triangular-sectioned bar to, and keeps it at the height of the tooth 4 which
presses against it by the action of the spring which operates upon the toothed
sector (Figure 8*).
If, before the operation which we have explained, the bar had engaged with
the tooth 1, 2, or 3, the side of the sector S4 in moving from the left to the
right, in the Figure 8 would have pushed back the bar 10 and brought the tooth 4
of the sector S5 (which is rigidly connected with this bar) opposite to the
bar .
The displacement of the toothed sector has induced that of the lever L20 which
is either depressed or raised, taking, at the same time, by means of the pin g',
the pulley 3 and its axis with which is connected the type-wheel, the height
of which is altered, so that it presents opposite to the sheet to be printed, that
part containing the row of characters which corresponds with the depressed
kev.
In effecting this operation, the depression of any key of the keyboard has not set
in movement the combiner.
For, the pawl 8, which is intended to cause the disengagement of the ratchet
wheel R has not been acting upon the pin g2 (Figures 5 and 10), because, by
reason of the lowering of the multiplier frame, the horizontal pin ', acting upon
the upper surface of the pawl 8, (Figure 5), has prevented the possibility of the
latter meeting the pin 2 which is no longer in its path.
It should be observed that the lowering of the multiplier frame has caused the
winding up of the driving spring by the movement communicated to the arm L33
by the bar of the multiplier frame.
The end of the vertical arm which projects above the upper plate of the machine
actuates a horizontal lever L2 in the same way as the vertical lever L16.
It will be noticed that, in the mechanism described above, each key of the key-
board fulfils several functions.
Each of them, if the multiplier frame has been previously lowered, corresponds
with one of the series of characters upon the type-wheel, and serves to bring the
series which corresponds with it to the position in which the sheet to be printed
will receive the proper impression from it.
In the case where the multiplier frame is raised, when the keys are operated, the
operation effected upon the key-board has for its object to form combinations which
are differentiated between one another by the order which the depressed keys
occupy in the keyboard.
It may be observed that each of the levers 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, may be operated
directly by the operator, without its being necessary to have recourse to the pawls
which serve to move them, as in the working of the multiplier frame.
The combination described above allows the reduction to a minimum of the
number of keys which the operator has to manipulate.
The number of levers which influence the sectors is not limited to the number
of keys of the keyboard; the number will depend upon the number of series of
characters with which the type-wheel is provided.
We have seen (III) that the strip p had one of its ends arranged opposite
the lever L, the other end being placed in front of the pin fixed in the
lower arm L of the sleeve which carries the inking pad.
When the multiplier frame is depressed, the vertical arm of the lever L
pushes this strip 78 forward, and acting upon the pin it removes the inking

page_text: pad from the type wheel, so that the depression of a key can move the latter
vertically without the inking pad interfering with this movement, (Figure 20).
THE CARRIAGE AND ITS ACCESSORIES.
The carriage is the part which supports the cylinder on which the impression
is received, and other parts.
It is constructed in the following manner:
A rectangular metal plate P (Figure 30) is arranged so that it can slide in
horizontal grooves in the uprights P1, P2 fixed on the upper plate of the machine.
On the slide of the carriage, I, are fixed two vertical arms P3, P', (Figure 31),
which support the ends of the axis of the cylinder.
Upon this cylinder D2 is placed the sheet which receives the impression, at
the right-hand end of the cylinder is fitted, sufficiently tightly, a ratchet wheel R³,
in the teeth of which engage the teeth of a pawl 12 (Figures 27 and 31) carried
by a sleeve mis turning sufficiently freely upon the axis a
This sleeve is provided with a lever L, and with a helicoidal groove which is
situated opposite the slide of the carriage. The opposite end of the axis as ends
either in a disc, or in a bell, which may be utilized to turn the cylinder round
by hand.
Two small uprights P³, P, fixed vertically on the slide of the carriage, serve as
pivots for an axis a which supports a plate 213 the back edge of which is
bent down. It is between this plate and the cylinder D that the sheet to be.
printed is held, which is pressed against the cylinder by another cylinder of
smaller diameter 13 (Figure 27), which is supported by two arms ending in
points which are curved in towards the main cylinder.
This small compressing cylinder D³, which can pivot round the axis a', is
pressed against the cylinder 12 by means of a spring. The upper ends of the
arms P3, P4, carry the ends of an axis as, which has upon it three arms, h, h², h³,
ending in blades the edges of which press upon the sheet which is being printed
by means of a spring acting upon the axis a8 (Figures 27 and 31).
A lever L fixed upon this axis allows the blades to be removed when desired
from the printed sheet.
It should be observed that if two type-wheels are used, arranged upon the same
axis, in order to print simultaneously two characters, either of the same or
different kinds, two cylinders may be used which will receive either a single
sheet passing from one cylinder to the other, or two separate sheets.
In place of sheets of paper, separate as described, the impression cylinder or
cylinders may be supplied from rolls of paper, these rolls being carried upon
axes fixed at the back of the machine.
On the width of these bands or rolls may be made, at proper distances apart,
perforated lines intended to mark the separation of the printed sheets, and to
facilitate their removal after printing.
The printed sheet on leaving the impression cylinder may be supported, as
it unrolls upwards, by a frame fixed upon the supports P3 and P.
VII. MECHANISM FOR FEEDING THE CARRIAGE FORWARD.
A vertical axis m³, fixed on the upper plate of the machine (Figures 15,
15b, 19,) serves as a pivot for a horizontal lever L2 of a special shape, which a
spring R10 tends to draw to the side (as seen in Figure 15.) This lever carries
a vertical axis a which forms a pivot for two sleeves m¹8 and m19 (Figures 16, 17,
and 18).
The lower sleeve m¹ is provided with an arm (Figure 17) terminating in
a pin g. This pin projects above and below the arm m¹ for a certain distance.
Its upper end can engage between the teeth of a rack i which runs under
the slide of the carriage (Figures 15 and 15bi). The lower end of the pin g³
engages in grooves, (Figures 15 and 16) of special form, which are made in
a small plate 215 fixed upon the upper plate of the machine.

page_text: The arm of the sleeve (m19) is caused by a spring R" to move towards the left
of Figure 15 (Figures 15 and 17).
The upper sleeve m18 carries two arms situated in different planes; one
(Figures 16 and 18) placed on the lower part of the sleeve, carries a pin g10
fixed upon its lower side.
This pin, which presses against the arm of the sleeve m¹, passes through an
opening (Figure 19) made in the sector S, and comes up to the surface of the
upper plate of the machine.
0
The second arm of the sleeve m¹ is longer than the first one, and carries at
its end a pin g¹ fixed under its lower face.
When these parts are at rest, the pin gll is at a short distance from the points of
two superposed catches c¹³, c¹ (Figures 15, 15bis, and 16), an axis a¹0 serving as
a pivot for both of them, and being fixed vertically upon the upper plate of
the machine.
These catches c¹³, c are independent. Each of them consists of two arms:
one terminating in a pointed hook O¹, the other arm, 03, being directed parallel
to the lever L.
The arm of the upper catch is a little longer than the arm, 03, of the lower
one.
Each catch is acted upon by a spring, so as to bring its point in the direction
of the pin gl.
The two vertical levers L1 and L2 which project above the upper plate of the
machine have their ends coming to within a short distance of the lever L and
of the arms 02 and 03 of the catches c13 and c¹.
The lever L16, the end of which is curved back to prevent its contact with the
lower arm 03, drives at the same time the lever L and the arm 02 of the upper
catch ¹
The lever L3 drives at the same time the lever L2 and the arm 03 of the lower
catch c¹4
Finally, the springs 12 and 1 are so arranged that the action of the spring +12
preponderates over that of the spring 1.
The following is the method of producing the impression of the characters, and
moving forward the carriage after each impression.
The impression of the characters is produced by the contact of the printing
type with the sheet to be printed.
it.
As the latter remains motionless, it is the type-wheel which is brought against
This movement operates automatically by reason of the mobility of the two
supports or carrying arms me and m² round the axis m³, and of the method of
arrangement used.
If the wheels R2 and R¹ are considered to be in movement, when the pawl L18
engages in the teeth of the ratchet wheel R (Figures 10 and 19), the stoppage of
the latter is instantaneous with reference to the supports me and m.
But the driving wheel R2 has a tendency, partly from its momentum and partly
from the constant action of the driving spring, to continue its movement.
It brings with it, therefore, round the axis ms, the supporting arms, and
carries the type wheel into contact with the sheet to be printed.
In this movement, the driving wheel has overcome the action of the spring,
which at once brings back the type wheel into its first position, as well as the
supporting arms and the parts which they support.
When, for the purpose of printing a character, one or more keys of the key-
board have been operated, the bar is lowered.
The vertical lever L16 is operated from the back to the front of the machine,
and meets at the same time the horizontal lever L2 and the arm 02 of the
catch c¹³, the point of which is removed from the pin g..
The latter, by the displacement of the horizontal lever L2, commences to

page_text: describe with the latter and round its pivot an arc of a circle, but will be
stopped by the point of the catch c¹ which has not been moved.
On account of the fixture of the pin g, the pin g carried by the second arm
of the sleeve m¹8, moves towards the left of Figure 15, separating from the lever
of the sleeve m¹, against which it had rested.
The action of the spring can then take place freely, and as, at this moment
the pin gis disengaged from the teeth of the rack as it rises in the groove,
it is brought back against the partition 2.
When the impression of the character has been made, the keys rise, and the
action of the lever L ceases. It, as well as the horizontal lever L4, returns
to their position of rest. Under the action of the spring 12, which is now pre-
ponderating, through the return to rest of the lever L, the pin g⁰ tends to push
back the arm of the sleeve m¹, towards the right. This movement takes place
as soon as the pin g³, leaving the groove i¹, engages with the teeth of the rack,
which is drawn towards the right.
The pin g presses against the base of the partition 1, and the movement which
it has given to the rack has moved the carriage through one division.
When it is wished to effect the movement of the carriage without printing a
character, the multiplier frame must be depressed.
The mechanism works in the same manner as has been described above, with
this difference, that it is the lever L23 which actuates the lever L4 and the
arm 03, whilst the arm 02 remains at rest.
The combination of mechanism described above enables the operator to stop
the advance of the carriage, after printing a character, if from any error of mani-
pulation this character requires to be re-printed.
If the operator sees his mistake, or wishes to add a mark of punctuation to
the character last printed, he need only keep the keys which form the last com-
bination depressed, and during this time lower the multiplier frame.
When this operation is completed, the keys and the multiplier frame may be
left, and the feed of the carriage does not take place.
The following is the operation of this mechanism;
When, from the depression of the keys, the lever L16 has pushed back the
lever L2, and the arm 02 of the pawl 13, the pin g", fixed by the second pawl e14,
has allowed the lever of the sleeve m¹ to yield to the push towards the left,
which the spring gives to it.
The pin is brought into contact with the partition 2, ready to re-descend
the groove when the lever L2 comes again to its position of rest.
But if, in this position (the lever L being always kept pushed forward from
the back), the multiplier frame is depressed, the lever L2 pushes back the second
pawl, and, the pin g not being retained, allows the spring 12 to act upon
the arm of the sleeve m19 and causes the pin g to return into contact with the
partition 1, without passing into the groove 2.
When the lever L4 again takes its position of rest, by the release of the keys
and the multiplier frame, the pin will again come in contact with the teeth
of the rack, passing by the groove, and the carriage will not have moved.
It results, therefore, that the first character which has been printed after this
operation will exactly cover the character last previously printed.
It will be noticed that when, in order to effect the change of a series of
characters, the multiplier frame is depressed, and, whilst keeping it depressed,
any key of the keyboard is operated, the feed of the carriage is not produced.
for in this case, as in that considered above, the levers L1 and L23 have operated
the two pawls c¹3 and 4, and caused the return of the pin 99 in the groove 2²
without making it pass into the groove ¹.
VIII. MECHANISM FOR SPACING BETWEEN THE LINES.

page_text: In this movement, the pawl c¹ carries round the ratchet wheel 9 (Figure 31),
and thus also turns the impression cylinder D. A spring brings back the sleeve
m18 and its pawl e into their original position, as soon as the lever L is left to
itself. In this case, the width of the spaces is determined by mechanism of the
kind described below.
(b.) The spacing may be automatically effected by the return of the carriage
from the left to the right of the operator.
For this purpose, to effect the movement of the carriage, the operator takes
hold of a handle k, fixed at the left end of a strip 2016 (Figures 28, 30 and 31),
which can move in the direction of its length, that is to say, parallel with the
axis a of the impression cylinder. This strip is guided by two guides, one of
which is formed of a bridge (Figures 30 and 31), and the other, by the
bracket P which is provided with an opening at its base, through which the strip
passes sufficiently freely. The left end of the strip is provided with a spindle t¹,
surrounded by a helical spring pressing against the end of the strip and against
a small plate p17 which serves as a guide to the spindle t".
Upon a projection placed upon the upper part of the strip is fixed vertically a
pin which engages in the helicoidal groove made under the sleeve m20.
The strip 26 is pierced with a certain number of vertical holes, into which a
pin z can be introduced.
The latter, coming into contact with the wall of the bracket P' when the strip
is pushed from left to right, as seen in Figure 28, limits the stroke of the latter,
and modifies the extent of its displacement according to the hole which is used.
The width of the spaces can thus be modified at will.
The pin may also project below the strip and move in an opening made in the
plate P of the slide, limiting the stroke of the strip by coming in contact with the
inuer edge of the plate at the end of the opening.
(c.) The automatic production of the spacing may be, also obtained with
advantage by the following arrangement:(illustrated in Figures 32, 33, 34,
35, 36, and 37).
The rack i, which runs under the slide of the carriage, instead of forming a part
of the latter, as shown in Figure 31, is fixed to the ends of two levers L, L³,
turning upon the ends of the axis a (Figures 36 and 37).
A spring tends to push the rack forward, (looking at Figure 28), and causes
the lower end of the lever L30, which carries the rack i, (Figures 32, 33, and 36)
to come in contact with a block fixed or formed at one end of a flat spring 13,
the action or strength of which is greater than and opposed to, that of the spring
which acts on the rack. The other end of the spring is fixed to the slide of the
carriage.
The position of the block is determined by a partition 3 (Figures 32 and 33)
fixed vertically under the slide of the carriage.
Under the strip 710 (Figures 32, 34, and 36), is arranged a lever turning upon
an axis a fixed under the strip. The extremity of this lever is provided with a
pin 3 which a spring tends to push in the direction of the spring 3.
The plate forming the slide of the carriage is provided with an opening at
its end, of the shape shown in Figure 33.
Moreover, for the handle k is substituted a lever L (Figure 35) which turns
upon an axis a surrounded by a spring the action of which tends to bring the
lever L towards the right, (see Figure 35). The latter is provided with an
excentric part or cam at which can act upon a flat spring fixed under the
slide of the carriage. This spring carries a tooth d.
The strip p is also provided with a tooth d8.
Finally, the position of rest of the strip is determined by the tooth d
(Figures 32 and 33) formed by a part of the slide of the carriage.
The lower end of the pin fitted into one of the holes in the strip comes against
the side (Figure 33) when the strip is left to the action of the spring which
surrounds the spindle t¹¹.

page_text: The following is the operation of this mechanism:-
When the lever L is pushed towards the left (of Figure 35), the spring which
encircles its axis yields to the pressure, and the lever turns from right to left.
The excentric part or cam at a placed at the lower part of this lever, leaves the
spring which then rises.
The oscillating movement of the lever L being limited by means of a pin or
of a shoulder which is fulcrumed on the strip, the latter in turn yields to the push
of the operator and moves from right to left, see Figure 35.
It should be remarked that the carriage, up to now, has been unable to yield to
the action of the push exercised on the lever L, on account of the presence, in
the teeth of the rack, of the pin 99 (Figures 15, 15bie, 17, and 18,) which, under this
pressure, has been simply brought into contact with the partition 2 (already
described) carried by the carriage, which has only moved through a space equal
to that which separates the pin 99, when at rest, from the partition 2.,
The strip p is shifted, therefore, only in relation to the carriage; and the
ping, fixed vertically on this strip, being engaged in the helicoidal groove under
the sleeve m2, causes the latter to turn to an extent proportional to the displacement
of the strip 216.
A pawl c¹a fixed on the sleeve m20 carries round the ratchet wheel R³, and the
impression cylinder participates in this movement.
In the movement effected by the strip 216, the pin 913, placed at the end of the
lever which carries it, is directed from right to left, passing between the fixed
partition and the flat spring 13; this latter is pushed back towards the top of
Figure 32, and the pin g3 after having been allowed to pass between the
partition and the block 2 comes between this block and the lower end of the
rack i. At this moment the spacing is effected, and the pin g3 is subjected to
the action of two unequal forces; that of the spring which acts upon the rack, and
that of the spring 13
It is this latter which operates it; the rack is brought back towards the bottom
of Figure 32, and the block 3 re-takes its position against the partition A³.
When the rack is brought back by the spring 13, its teeth become disengaged
from the pin g, so that the carriage can freely yield to the pressure constantly
exercised on the lever L.
When the latter lever is left to itself, it turns upon its axis under the action of
the spring which surrounds the latter; its excentric acting upon the spring 14
causes it to move down.
i
This action leads to the disengagement from one another of the teeth and 8
carried respectively by the spring and by the strip 26.
The reciprocal action of these two teeth prevents the strip from coming back to
its position of rest, so long as the lever Ĺ has not completely returned to its
original position.
IX. THE PRODUCTION OF MARGINS.
Upon the upper surface of the slide of the carriage is fixed a plate (marginal)
provided with a certain number of stepped teeth.
This plate (Figure 30) serves for the production of the margins, with the
assistance of a strip (Figures 20 and 28), which can be moved in the direction of
its length.
The latter is supported by two brackets fixed upon the upper plate of the
machine.
Along the length of the strip notches are formed in which can engage a
tooth do at the end of a flat spring fixed upon one of the brackets. The strip for
regulating the margin is worked by means of a knob 12 fixed at its front end.
The back end of this strip comes opposite the stepped teeth of the plate 1, and
effects the production of a margin of a depth, which is greater the further the
strip can advance.
The number of widths of margin which can be produced is equal to the
number of teeth provided upon the plate l.

page_text: X. MECHANISM FOR AUTOMATICALLY EFFECTING THE RETURN OF THE CARRIAGE
THROUGH ONE DIVISIÓN.
The pin go which, passing through the opening o in the lever L (Figure 15),
comes up to the level of the upper plate of the machine, is placed opposite the
end of a spindle t¹ which can be moved longitudinally.
It is worked by means of a knob 13 which is pushed from right to left, looking
at Figure 15. A spring tends to bring back the spindle 2 to its original
position.
This spindle 2 is provided at one of its sides with a tooth
which the tooth d¹³
of a lever 15 carrying a pin g¹ can catch and hold when the spindle t¹ is pushed
from right to left, thus preventing its return to the right.
A spring tends to press the tooth or hook of the lever against the spindle (12.
A pin g is fixed vertically in the end of the lever 15 which latter turns upon
án axis fixed to the upper plate of the machine.
This mechanism operates as follows:-
--
When the spindle is pushed from right to left (Figure 15) the tooth d" is
caught by the tooth d of the pawl which holds it back.
In its longitudinal movement the end of the spindle t¹ has met and pushed back
the pin glo.
The arm of the sleeve m¹8 is no longer subject to the action of the spring 12,
and the spring, acting freely, pushes it to the left.
The pin engaged in the teeth of the rack moves it forward and comes against
the partition 2. By this movement the carriage has moved back through one
division, and the first character which is now printed will exactly cover the last
one previously printed.
When, by means of any combination effected on the keyboard or upon the
multiplier frame, one or other of the levers L¹6 or L23 is operated, the pin grises
again into the groove . The lever L meets the pin 71, causes the pawl lever cla
to oscillate, which disengages the tooth d from the spindle t¹, which then re-takes
its position of rest.
When the vertical levers leave the lever L3, the pin g', descending the groove 2¹
again, comes once more into gear with the teeth of the rack, and moves the latter
forward one division.
XI. RENDERING THE PARTS OF THE KEYBOARD IMMOVABLE WHEN THE CARRIAGE
REACHES THE END OF ITS TRAVEL TO THE LEFT.
Towards the bracket 1 the slide of the carriage carries under its lower surface
a small vertical plate 28 (Figure 37).
When the printing of the line is finished, this plate comes into the path of the
ends of the vertical levers L2 and L, and prevents both the movement of these
levers and that of the keys of the keyboard, and of the multiplier frame.
In front of the plate p18 may be arranged the end of a lever pivotting upon an
axis fixed under the slide of the carriage; this lever, actuated by the levers L³³,
may act upon a warning bell to indicate that the printing has nearly reached the
end of the line.
XII. MANIPULATION OF THE CARRIAGE IN BOTH DIRECTIONS.
The manipulation of the carriage in both directions lengthways may be effected
by means of the following mechanisms;
(a.) Against the side plate of the right of the machine is arranged a bolt V which
can be worked by means of a knob VI which projects above the plate, (Figures 28
and 29). If, the multiplier frame being first lowered this bolt is pulled forward
from the back, its front end V2 comes above the platform C¹ of the multiplier
frame, and prevents the latter from rising.
The lowering of the multiplier frame has caused the removal of the pin g
from the teeth of the rack, thus permitting the carriage to be pushed in either
direction.

page_text: The two levers L30 and L3, turning upon the ends of the axis of the impres-
cylinder (Figure 37), and to the lower ends of which the rack is fixed, are
ided at their upper ends with a kind of handle s, by which they can be made
cillate from left to right (looking at Figure 37). The result of this move-
is to throw the rack towards the left, thus placing its teeth out of reach of
pin g⁹.
e carriage can then answer to any impulses which may be given to it in
r direction longitudinally, and with either the left or the right hand since,
ach end of the impression cylinder, similar devices are provided.
om the action of the spring upon it, the rack comes back into gear with the
as soon as the force exerted upon one or other of the handles s or s¹ ceases.
aving now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
ntion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
laim is:-
: -
The typewriting machine, consisting substantially of the combination:
(a.) Of a keyboard composed of any number of keys which serve, when
manipulated, to form combinations which are differentiated between one
another by the order which one or more keys depressed simultaneously
occupy on the keyboard;-
-
(b.) Of mechanism (multiplier) which allows the attribution to each of the
combinations effected upon the keys of a number of characters at least
equal to the number of keys which form the keyboard. This number of
characters attributed to each combination being capable of increase by the
addition of supplementary levers independent of the keys of the key-
board;-
(c.) Mechanism, for the purpose of transferring and printing, in characters
of any suitable kind, the combinations effected on the keyboard, this trans-
fer being subordinate to the manipulations previously effected by means
of the special mechanism (multiplier) ;-
(d.) One or more impression cylinders, receiving simultaneously upon differ-
ent parts of a single sheet, or upon several distinct sheets, the impression
of characters carried by one or more type-wheels. This impression, being
effected by means of types duly inked, or by the embossing or perforation
of the sheet which receives the impression, by means of suitable
characters;
(e.) Mechanism for allowing the feed forward of the carriage carrying the
sheet to be printed, after the impression of each character;-
(f.) Mechanism for allowing a blank space between the words or figures, or,
generally, for separating by a blank space any signs or characters what-
ever;-
(g.) Mechanism for effecting the automatic movement backwards of the car-
riage through a division corresponding to a character or a blank space;-
(h.) Mechanism for preventing the feed of the carriage, either after the im-
pression of a character, or after the manipulation of the part intended
to produce a space;-
(i.) An arrangement of apparatus for the purpose of leaving margins of any
desired dimensions ;-
(.) Mechanism for the purpose of automatically spacing the lines at any
distance apart;
-
(k.) Mechanism for producing automatically, or in any other way, the wind-
ing up of the driving device ;-
(7.) Arrangements for allowing the ready longitudinal movement of the car-
riage in either direction, whether to the left or to the right;-
(m.) An arrangement for automatically preventing the movement of the parts

page_text: manipulated (keys and multiplier frame), when the printing has reached
the end of a line;
(n.) An arrangement for keeping the inking pad away from the type-wheel
or wheels during the operation of changing the series of characters.
2. For the purpose of putting into practice the system claimed in Claim 1;-
A typewriting machine in which each key is in direct mechanical relation with
the axis of the selector corresponding with it. Each key, besides being used in
the formation of the combinations, being also used concurrently with the multi-
plier frame to effect a change of the series of characters.
3. A typewriting machine, of the system claimed in Claim 1, in which the
keys which have been used are mechanically kept depressed until the transfer of
the combination formed by them has been effected by the machine.
4. A typewriting machine, of the system claimed in Claim 1, characterized by
the peculiarity that, in the transferring devices, the discs which compose the com-
biner, not being separated by any partition of a diameter greater than the discs
themselves, the absence of such partition allows the feet of the selectors to pass
from the edge of one disc over that of the other, at any point whatever of the
circumference of these discs.
5. A typewriting machine, of the system claimed in Claim 1, in which a
special arrangement prevents the feet of the selectors from resting upon the cir-
cumference of the combiner when the transferring devices are at rest.
6. A typewriting machine, of the system claimed in Claim 1, in which the
transferring devices, the combiner, type-wheel, have an intermittent rotating
movement. The setting in motion of these parts being caused by the depression
of one or more keys of the keyboard, except when this operation is effected, to
change the series of characters.
7. A typewriting machine, of the system claimed in Claim 1, in which the
stopping of the transferring devices, combiner, and type-wheel, is caused by the
falling or rising of the selectors at the moment when they are mechanically
effecting the transfer of the combination formed on the keys.
8. A typewriting machine, of the system claimed in Claim 1, in which the
printing of the characters upon the impression sheet or sheets is obtained by the
movement of the type-wheel against the sheet to be printed, making use for this
purpose of the momentum of certain parts at the moment when their movement
is being stopped.
9. A typewriting machine, of the system claimed in Claim 1, in which the
different rows of characters are brought opposite to the point where the printing
is to take place, by the longitudinal displacement of the axis carrying the type
wheel or wheels.
10.A typewriting machine, of the system claimed in Claim 1, in which the
change of the series or rows of characters carried by the type-wheel can be effected
either by manipulations at the same time of a special device (multiplier frame),
and of one of the keys, each of the latter corresponding to a row of characters;
or by operating directly the parts which, in this mechanism, are temporarily
placed in connection with the said keys.
11. A typewriting machine, of the system claimed in Claim 1, in which the
number of characters relating to each combination may be greater than the num
ber of keys of the keyboard, by means of the addition of supplementary multi-
plier levers.
12. A typewriting machine, of the system claimed in Claim 1, in which can
be placed upon the same carriage several impression cylinders, each corresponding
to one type-wheel, so as to obtain several simultaneous impressions upon the
sheet or sheets carried by these impression cylinders.
13. In a typewriting machine, of the system claimed in Claim 1, two impres-
sion cylinders receiving a single sheet, passing from the lower cylinder over the
upper cylinder, so that the two halves of the same sheet can be operated upon,

page_text: the simultaneous impression of two characters, either of the same kind or of a
different kind and impression, being obtained.
One of the halves of the sheet may be printed in ink, whilst the second half
may be embossed or perforated with characters of a special kind, analogous to
those shown in Figure 26, so as to enable them to be read by blind persons.
14. A typewriting machine, of the system claimed in Claim 1, in which each
cylinder receives an independent sheet upon each of which the operations des-
cribed in Claim 13 take place.
15. A typewriting machine of the system claimed in Claim 1, in which each
cylinder may be supplied from rolls of paper, either used in rolls for each cylin-
der, or a single roll passing from one cylinder, so as to fulfil the conditions
pointed out in Claim 13. The wide bands of these rolls may be provided with
transverse lines of perforation to determine the points of separation of the sheets,
and to facilitate their removal after being printed.
16. A typewriting machine, of the system claimed in Claim 1, in which the
spacing of the lines may be effected either by the direct manipulation of a lever
or by using the movement of the carriage to the right of the operator, as des-
cribed and illustrated.
17.-A typewriting machine, of the system claimed in Claim 1, in which the
winding up of the driving device may be effected by any of the manipulations on
the keys, or on the multiplier frame, or by the movement of the carriage to the
right of the operator, or by any other equivalent means.
18. A typewriting machine, of the system claimed in Claim 1, in which the
combined manipulations of the multiplier frame, and of the keys of the key-
board, do not cause the feed forward of the carriage, when these manipulations
are made in order to effect a change in the series of characters.
19 A typewriting machine, of the system claimed in Claim 1, in which the
depression of the keys of the keyboard does not set the combiner in action, when
this manipulation is made in order to effect a change in the series of characters.
20. A typewriting machine, of the system claimed in Claim 1, in which the
automatic winding up of the driving device ceases when the limit of tension of the
spring is obtained, or when it has reached a determined point.
21. The arrangements, construction, and general combinations of the type-
writing machine herein described and illustrated by the accompanying drawings.
Dated this 14th day of November 1898.
EDWARDS & Co.,
Agents for the Applicants, 65 and 66, Chancery Lane, London.