OR IMPROVED APPARATUS " FOR MASHING MALT OR OTHER GRAIN OR INGREDIENTS FOR HEATING AND COOLING LIQUIDS, AND FOR ANALOGOUS PURPOSES
Year: 1880

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Gordon Cave, of Dowlais, in the County of
Glamorgan, Brewer, for an Invention of NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS
"
FOR MASHING MALT OR OTHER GRAIN OR INGREDIENTS FOR HEATING AND
COOLING LIQUIDS, AND FOR ANALOGOUS PURPOSES."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Gordon Cave at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th October 1880.
GEORGE GORDON CAVE, of Dowlais, in the County of Glamorgan, Brewer
"NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR MASHING MALT OR OTHER GRAIN OR
INGREDIENTS FOR HEATING AND COOLING LIQUIDS, AND FOR ANALOGOUS
PURPOSES."
The said Invention consists of new or improved apparatus for mashing malt or
other grain or ingredients for heating and cooling liquids, and for analogous
purposes, and has mainly for its object to effect the mashing of raw grain and
malt in the same vessel at proper temperatures for brewing, distilling, or other
analogous purposes.
The apparatus constituting the said Invention consists of a hollow shaft or shafts
of iron or other metal, capable of being rotated, and having attached to it or them
hollow ploughs or blades. Through these shafts and blades a current of steam or
cold water is passed, the water of condensation in the case of the employment of
steam being carried off by means of a cock or steam trap at the bottom of the said
shaft or shafts. Working in connection with the hollow shaft or shafts is a rake
shaft of iron or other metal, to which is attached a series of revolving rakes either
solid or hollow, and if hollow steam or cold water may be passed through them, as
explained with regard to the shaft or shafts. The whole will work in a mash tun
or other suitable vessel for mashing, heating, cooling, or other purpose; the steam
or cold water which is passed through the hollow shaft or shafts and blades and
rakes keeping the matter under treatment at the proper temperature.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said George Gordon Cave in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 27th
April 1881.
GEORGE GORDON CAVE, of Dowlais, in the County of Glamorgan, Brewer.
"NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR MASHING MALT OR OTHER GRAIN OR
INGREDIENTS FOR HEATING AND COOLING LIQUIDS, AND FOR ANALOGOUS
PURPOSES."
My said Invention consists of new or improved apparatus for mashing malt or
other grain or ingredients for heating and cooling liquids, and for analogous
purposes, and has mainly for its object to effect the mashing of raw grain and
malt in the same vessel at proper temperatures for brewing, distilling, or other
analogous purposes.
The apparatus constituting my said Invention consists of a hollow shaft or shafts
of iron or other metal, capable of being rotated, and having attached to it or them
a hollow plough or blade or hollow ploughs or blades. Through these shafts and
blades a current of steam or hot or cold water is passed, the water of condensation
in the case of the employment of stenin being carried off by means of a cock or
steam trap at the bottom of the said shaft or shafts. For mashing or disintegrating
malt or other grain or ingredients I employ, working in connection with the hollow
shaft or shafts, a rake shaft of iron or other metal, to which is attached a series of
revolving rakes, either solid or hollow, and, if hollow steam or hot or cold water
may be passed through them, as explained with regard to the shaft or shafts. The
whole will work in a mash tun or other suitable vessel for mashing, heating,
cooling, or other purpose, the steam or hot or cold water which is passed through
the bollow shaft or shafts, and blades and rakes, keeping the matter under
treatment at the proper temperature.
And in order that my said Invention may be properly understood I now proceed
more particularly to set forth the system, mode, or manner, in or under which the
same is or may be used or practically carried into effect, reference being had to the
accompanying Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to
BBY :-
Figure 1 represents a plan, and Figures 2 and 3 vertical sections (taken at right
angles the one to the other) of a vessel or tun A provided with apparatus con-
structed or arranged according to my said Invention. A hollow shaft B extends
through the vessel A, and is capable of being rotated by toothed gearing or other
suitable means. Attached to this shaft B are the hollow ploughs C, one of which
is shown in end view in Figure 4, the interiors of the said ploughs being in
communication with the interior of the shaft B, and being provided with
runners c, c, respectively running upon the perforated false bottom of the vessel A
(which false bottom is suitably fastened), and upon the annular path d formed at
the inner edge of the circular rack D fixed to the interior of the vessel A.
For mashing or disintegrating malt or other grain or ingredients the following
is employed: A bevel wheel b upon the shaft B gears with a bevel wheel e upon
a hollow rake shaft E, from which project rakes, consisting of radial arms e carrying
cross prongs which are triangular in transverse section. A pinion e' at the end of
the shaft E gears with the rack D as the shaft E is rotated by the toothed wheels b
and c.
The shaft E is supported at its inner end in a bearing e affixed to the
shaft B. The shaft B and ploughs C are hollow, as aforesaid, and communicato
with each other, forming continuous passages through the shaft and ploughs, through
which steam or hot or cold water is passed, the said water or the water of con-
densation being carried off at the outlet 6 by means of a cock or steam trap.

page_text: The arms e and prongs e³ may be hollow, and communicate with the interior of
the shaft E, and through the said shaft and arms and prongs steam or hot or cold
water may be circulated, the interior of the shaft E communicating with the interior
of the shaft B to receive therefrom the steam or hot or cold water. Figure 5 is a
section of a portion of the apparatus shewing the course of the currents of heating
or cooling medium through the hollow shaft B, and ploughs C, and the shaft E
and rakes e², e; fis the pipe by which the heating or cooling medium is admitted,
and is the hollow part of the shaft B, with which the said pipe and the ploughs C
are in communication. is the pipe through which the heating or cooling medium
passes to the shaft E and arms e² and prongs c when these receive the said medium.
The liquid or water of condensation, after it has performed its heating or cooling
function, passes by the annular space between the pipe ƒ and the casing i to the
outlet b³.
It will be evident that there may be one, or two, or more ploughs C, and that
there may be more than one shaft E with its rakes if desired.
This apparatus can be fitted to any existing mash tun or similar vessel.
As an example of the manner of operating with the apparatus I give the following
method of using it in mashing :-Equal quantities of malt and raw grain or dressed
meal are introduced into the tun or vessel A. and mashed at a temperature varying
from 100° to 120° Fahrenheit, this temperature being attained by the admission
of steam to the rotating ploughs C and rakes e², e³. The temperature is then
raised to 140° Fahrenheit, the "mash" is then stowed for a certain time (the duration
of which is at the discretion of the operator), the temperature being gradually
raised to 200° or 212° Fahrenheit. The mash is allowed to remain at this tem-
perature for a certain time, the steam is then turned off from the hollow shaft and
ploughs and cold liquor admitted through the bottom shaft, and after circulating
through the ploughs and rakes is passed through the condenser outlet at 66. The
temperature is by this operation reduced to normal mashing heat, and the malt
required for completing the ordinary mashing is admitted to the tun or vessel A
and the operation completed in the usual manner.
By this arrangement perfect control of the mashing heats is attained, and the
conversion is insured of the starch contained in the raw grain or dressed meal into
sugar by the diastase contained in the malt, thereby effecting a great saving in the
cost of producing beer; burning or scorching of the raw grain or dressed meal is
prevented by the heating surfaces being in motion, and by the scraping of the
perforated false bottom of the tun by the ploughs C, the shape of which ploughs
overcomes the specific gravity of the starch grains by preventing them from settling
to the bottom of the tun, and overcoming centrifugal force by turning or throwing
them into the centre of the tun.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the system, mode, or manner in or under which the same is or
may be used or practically carried into effect, I would observe in conclusion that
what I consider to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention
secured to me by the bereinbefore in part recited Letters Patent is,-
First. The general arrangement and combination of parts constituting the
apparatus for mashing malt or other grain or ingredients for heating and cooling
liquids, and for analogous purposes, essentially as hereinbefore described with
reference to the accompanying Drawings.
Second. The combination in and use with apparatus for the purposes named in
the preceding claiming clause of a hollow plough or hollow ploughs in communi-
cation with a hollow shaft, into which ploughs a heating or cooling medium is
passed, essentially as hereinbefore described with reference to the accompanying
Drawings.
Third. The combination with and use in apparatus for disintegrating or mashing
malt or other grain or ingredients of the hollow rake shaft E, carrying rakes
consisting of hollow arms e² provided with hollow triangular cross prongs e³, into

page_text: which shaft and rakes a heating or cooling medium is passed, essentially as herein-
before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Gordon Cave, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty fifth day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
ADARAK
GEORGE GORDON CAVE. (L.S.)