IMPROVE- MENTS IN MAGNETO AND DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINES AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED WITH THE DEVELOPMENT AND REGULATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENTS و
Year: 1883

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Hochhausen of the City and State of New
York, United States of America Electrician for an Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MAGNETO AND DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINES AND IN APPARATUS
CONNECTED WITH THE DEVELOPMENT AND REGULATION OF
ELECTRIC
CURRENTS
و"
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Hochhausen at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd April 1883.
WILLIAM HOCHHAUSEN of the City and State of New York, United States
of America, Electrician "IMPROVEMENTS IN MAGNETO AND DYNAMO ELECTRIC
MACHINES, AND IN
APPARATUS CONNECTED WITH THE DEVELOPMENT AND
REGULATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENTS
"
In dynamo electric machines there is a place where the greatest current will be
taken by the brushes from the commutator plates and the current decreases from
these points each way. Means are provided for moving the brushes and supports
bodily around the commutator plates so as to take off more or less current as
required according to the number of lamps in circuit and the demand for electric
current.
A motor driven by electricity or mechanism is used for moving the brushes, the
electric motor is in a balanced shunt circuit and the balance is disturbed by the
change of magnetism in the field magnets acting upon contact blocks in the
balanced circuit so that the motor is operated when the magnetism is
disturbed.
The field magnets are in pairs either two, four, or more. They are connected by
external frames and the revolving armature is between the poles. The current is
taken off by two, four, or more brushes. The commutator plates are in a circular
range: each plate has an L-shaped base, screwed to a disc of slate or similar
insulating material The disc is perforated for the passage of the armature shaft
and screwed to the metallic framework of the armature.
The armature is of a cylindrical shape formed of heads and bars screwed
together the portions of the said armature cylinder that are within the helices
are made of iron ring segments secured to longitudinal bars which latter are
insulated from the rest of the cylindrical frame but are clamped and tied together
by fork shaped filling pieces, or dovetail projections and grooves in the bar.-The
cylindrical armature can be taken apart for the introduction of the helices which
are made up in long narrow coils ready to be inserted into the armatures. These
[Price lel

page_text: coils are wound in a peculiar manner so as to obtain great regularity and the
portion of the coil that comes on the outside of the iron cylinder is wider in a
circumferential direction than it is thick, and the portion of the coil that comes
inside the cylinder is wider in the direction of the radius of the cylinder than it
is the other way, so that the coils can be set closely together and the armature will{
contain as much wire as possible.
"
The motor for moving the brushes is sometimes actuated by the strength of
current in the external circuits and is automatic for either arc or incandescent
lamps and ensures the required current according to the lamps in circuit. The
motor can also be actuated by hand for increasing or decreasing the volume of
light from the lamps.
The different pairs of brushes are sometimes moved by separate motors so as to
vary the external circuits, or to provide for regulation in separate external
circuits.
A magnetic motor when constructed upon the general features described for the
dynamo electric machine is caused to run at a uniformity of speed under
varying loads by changing positions of the commutator brushes as aforesaid by a
magnetic motor in a sbunt or branch circuit and the speed of the main motor
can be varied or reversed by the small, motor that acts to move the brushes.
With tower lights or lights upon masts the electric lamps are raised or lowered
by a motor run by the electric current so as to lessen the number of attendants
required.
In cases where the field magnets are provided with helices divided up into
sections the electro-motive force of the dynamo is varied by either cutting out or
short circuiting more or less of the field coils, and for this purpose the magnetic
motor is employed the current to which is controlled either by hand or auto-
matically according to the strength of magnetism developed or the external
electric circuit so as to vary the electro motive force in the helices as required for
the varying conditions of the dynamo.
r
In some instances the regulation of the electro motive forces by adjusting the
commutator brushes with reference to the neutral line is effected by a mechanical
motor brought into action by variation in the magnetic force or by the electro
motive force in the field or working circuits.
The armature being composed of coils or helices parallel to the shaft or nearly
so, has to be banded in order to prevent the coils from assuming an elliptical form
under the centrifugal action, this banding is sometimes in the form of separate
bands each composed of a wire wound tightly around the armature having
numerous close convolutions soldered together, and it is preferable to interpose
paper and mica between the metal binding wires and the armature wires. In
other instances I compress the helices by a cylindrical clamp and slip upon the
helices hoops of metal of the proper size with insulating material between
the hoops and armature coils. These can be removed if repairs become
necessary.
If desired the coils or helices are wound so that one end of each coil passes to
one of the commutator plates, and the other ends of the wires are all brought
together and bunched so as to be in metallic connection.
When desired the wires of the armature coils are connected to a movable
switch upon the armature or its shaft so that by turning such switch the
circuit connections are changed to obtain either a current of intensity or one of
quantity.
By varying automatically the number of coils in the field magnets through
which the exciting current flows, the magnetism will be varied and the extent of
current developed in the armature will be in accordance with the demand for the
same.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said William Hochhausen in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
23rd October 1883.
st
WILLIAM HOCHHAUSEN of the City and State of New York, United States
of America, Electrician IMPROVEMENTS IN MAGNETO AND DYNAMO ELECTRIC
MACHINES AND IN APPARATUS CONNECTED WITH THE DEVELOPMENT AND
REGULATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENTS.'
"
In dynamo electric machines there is a place where the greatest current will be
taken by the brushes from the commutator plates and the current decreases from
these points each way. Means are provided for moving the brushes and supports
bodily around the commutator plates so as to take off more or less current as
required according to the number of lamps in circuit and the demand for electric
current; a motor driven by electricity or mechanism is used for moving the
brushes. The electric motor is in a balanced shunt circuit and the balance is
disturbed by the change of magnetism in the field magnets acting upon contact
blocks in the balanced circuit so that the motor is operated when the magnetism is
disturbed.
The motor for moving the brushes is sometimes actuated by the strength of
current in the external circuits and is automatic for either arc or incandescent
lamps and ensures the required current according to the lamps in circuit. The
motor can also be actuated by hand for increasing or decreasing the volume of
light from the lamps. The different pairs of brushes are sometimes moved by
separate motors so as to vary the external circuits or provide for regulation in
separate external circuits. In cases where the field magnets are provided with
helices divided up into sections, the electro motive force of the dynamo is varied
by either cutting out or short circuiting more or less of the field coils and for this
purpose the magnetic motor is employed, the current to which is controlled either
by hand or automatically according to the strength of magnetism developed, or
the external electric circuit so as to vary the electro motive force in the helices as
required for the varying conditions of the dynamo.
In some instances the regulation of the electro motive forces by adjusting the
commutator brushes with reference to the neutral line is effected by a mechanical
motor brought into action by variation in the magnetic force or by the electro
motive force in the field or working circuits.
In the accompanying drawings:
Figure 1 is an elevation of a machine showing my invention applied thereto.
Figure 2 shows the motor enlarged and connected to reversing appliances
figure 3.
Figure 4 is a top view of the motor and devices of figure 2 and
Figure 5 is a side view of the reversing appliances of figure 3.
B. B figure 1 indicate the usual field of force magnets of a dynamo electric
machine and A the connecting frames for said magnets. At C. C. are indicated the
field of force pole pieces between whose curved extensions the armature of the
machine rotates. D is the commutator disk supporting the commutator plates or
segments that are connected to the armature coils. My improved armature is
described further on in connection with figures 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20 and 21.
At E. E are indicated the commutator brush holders mounted on a frame or
support F constructed and mounted so that the commutator brushes may be
adjusted while the armature is rotating either forward in the direction of rotation
or backward in a reverse direction. Formed upon or attached to said frame or

page_text: support F is a segmental rack indicated at a which is shown more clearly in
figures 2 and 4 as gearing with a pinion b fastened to the shaft of a wheel & which
latter gears with a pinion c on the shaft e of an electric motor by which arrange-
ment the velocity of movement of the frame F under the action of the motor is
greatly reduced so that the latter may be made very sensitive and may move with
high velocity without danger of over adjustment. The motor is constructed and
connected as follows: G G indicate fixed poles of iron between which the armature
of the motor rotates. The poles G. G are grooved as shown and are attached by
means of brackets h. h figure 1 to the upper and lower poles of the field magnet
of the machine.
In figure 1 the lower piece is shown displaced upwardly in order to bring the
parts within small compass in the drawing. H is a ring armature of the motor
carrying coils of wire i which are connected to one another in endless series and
are provided with connections taken from points between the successive coils to
the segments of a commutator K after the manner employed in the Pacinotti or
Gramnie machine. L L indicate the commutator brushes of the motor which are
of the usual construction and are mounted on opposite sides of a block 1 of insulating
material which is supported by a pole piece G. A second insulating block "
carries brackets which support the pinion and wheel b. d. while said blocks 1.
united by a brace g preferably of non magnetic material in which, and a similar
brace g also of non magnetic material and uniting the pole pieces G. G is
supported the armature shaft e. of the motor. Connection is made with the
electric motor through the conducting blocks m. m³. from which the brushes L. L'
are respectively supported.
are
The means for reversing the direction of rotation of the motor are in this case
electrical and consists of an arrangement of circuits and circuit controller whereby
the direction of the current through the motor is reversed. The devices whereby
this is accomplished are shown in figures 1. 3 and 5-M indicates a block
preferably of insulating material upon which the parts are supported and which is
attached to the frame of the machine as shown in figure 1 at a point below the
upper head of magnet B. Supported in brackets n is an armature N which is free
to swing upward in a vertical plane under the influence of the magnetic attraction
exerted by the top plate B. An armor attached to said armature swings with
it and in a vertical plane and acts as a circuit closer to complete the circuit between
the wire 5 connected to the supports n and one or both of two circuit closing
points t. t which are formed on the ends of conducting bars q. q' connected by an
insulating block as shown and forming together a lever pivoted in conducting
supports p. p also insulated from one another and in electrical connection
respectively through the bars with the points t. t
A spring w constitutes the retractor for the armature and compound contact
lever q. q. one end of said spring being attached to a lever w³ for adjusting its
tension and the other end to a screw w passing through the compound lever and
adjustable out and in to vary the distance of the end of spring from the fulcrum
of lever q. q' and thus vary the action of the spring in its function of retracting
the parts.
The circuits and connections are as follows:
Contact is connected through q. p. and m with motor brush and the
The brushes L. L. are each
contact is similarly connected with brush L'.
connected with a wire 6. through artificial resistances R. R³ respectively, so that
the motor is virtually in a bridge between two branch wires; one of which starting
from lever would include t. q. p and R. while the other would include t². q' p
and R. The amount of the resistances R. R' is determined by the resistances of
the motor and is to be sufficient to cause proper amount of current to be diverted
through said motor for operating the same.
Wires 5. and 6 are connected in the circuits of the machine in any proper way
so that current generated by the same will pass through the circuit controller and
the artificial resistances R. R³.

page_text: In the present case these parts are connected in the circuit between the two
field magnets as indicated in fig. 3 wire 5 being connected to the upper and wire 6.
to the lower field magnet.
The operation of this portion of the improvement will be as follows:
Normally or when the machine is generating a current of proper strength and
the brushes of the dynamo machine are in proper circumferential position upon the
commutator cylinder the armature N will be attracted with sufficient force to hold
the circuit closing arm r. in vertical position or against both contacts t t so that
the current passing through the parts will pass through both branches including
the equal resistance R. R' and no current will pass through the motor it being in
a bridge wire whose terminals are connected to the branches at points of equal
potential. If however the resistance in the main circuit of the machine should
decrease thus increasing the volume of current and requiring an adjustment of the
commutator brushes of the dynamo machine the armature N will be drawn up
owing to the increased attraction of the plate B' of the field magnet, thus causing r
to rock on the compound contact lever and breaking the circuit through t³ while
retaining that through t. The currents will then pass to point m where it will
divide, a portion passing the resistances R to 6., another portion being diverted
through L. the motor L' and resistance R2 to 6. thus causing the motor to revolve
in a proper direction to move the commutator brushes of the machine forward to
such an extent that the current generated resumes its normal strength and the
armature N will resume its. normal position so that both contacts t. t*. will be
closed and the motor will come to rest the current ceasing to. flow through the
same. The amount of current diverted through the motor in this instance will of
course depend upon the resistance of R. If R and R be made each equal in
resistance to the motor, one third of the current would go through the motor, the
resistance of the motor,
- and R2 being twice that of R.
If now the resistance on the main circuit should increase, thus weakening the
magnetism by which N is held up against the stress of spring w and require a back-
ward movement of the commutator brush holders and support F. the upper end of
the compound circuit closer would be moved outward by the spring w causing t to
move the arm r. outwardly and to break contact between r. and t while preserving
contact with t, the current will then flow to m³ instead of m as in the second case,
and will at that point divide, a portion passing through the motor (but in a reverse
direction) to L. resistance R. and 6. and another portion through R2 to 6. The
motor will thus be caused to rotate in an opposite direction and to move the
support F and the brushes of the dynamo backward. until.the current resumes its
normal strength and the armature is attracted with the normal force required to
hold r in contact with both t and. t at which point the adjustment will cease
because the motor will come to rest.
Any proper form of artificial resistance may be used and any desired construction
of electric motor and intermediate gearing between said motor and the brush
support F may be employed, I do not limit myself in these respects nor as to the
means of reversing the direction of rotation of the motor for which many other
devices might be employed and operated or controlled by the armature N the latter
being under the attraction of some magnet energized or controlled directly or
indirectly by the current generated by the dynamo machine.
It is obvious that an independent magnet might be used for said armature in
place of the field magnet of the machine.
.
When the brushes are moved by mechanical power instead of electric power, for
varying the electro motive force, the following means are used:
In the accompanying drawings;
Figure 6 is a view end wise of the armature of the apparatus for moving the
brushes by mechanical power.
Figure 7 is a view of the same sidewise of the armature shaft.
Figure 8 is a top view of the same.
- Figure 9 is a diagram of the circuit connections of the controlling magnet which

page_text: Which moves
Suppose
serve to reverse the actuating mechanism
commutator brushes.
Figure 10 is an edge view of the controlling armature and circuit closer
supported on the field magnet so as to be subjected to the magnetic attraction of
the same.
In figure 6 A indicates the adjustable support by which the brushes bearing on
the commutator cylinder are supported and adjusted.
The edge of said support is provided with a rack at a with which gears the
mechanism that serves to communicate movement thereto from the revolving
armature shaft B. said shaft bearing any suitable revolving armature of a dynamo
electric machine but I prefer the one hereafter described.
The mechanism which gears with the rack a is preferably of the following
construction.
C figure 7 indicates a shaft or spindle mounted in a suitable bearing in the frame
of the machine or otherwise and carrying at one end a pinion b. which meshes with
rack a and at the other a bevel wheel c engaging with a bevel pinion d. which
latter is secured upon a vertical spindle D whose upper end is supported in an
arm E suitably connected to the post Es figure 7 while its lower end has a bearing
in a bar E also suitably supported from. post E³. The spindle D also carries a
gear wheel F which latter gears with a pinion e mounted in a horizontal swinging
frame G having connecting cross piece g. which latter carries or constitues the
armature placed between two fixed electro inagnets H. H' figure. 7.
The frame G g. swings about spindle D as a centre and serves to throw a friction
wheel mounted on the arbor of pinion e into Engagement with one or the other
of two discs or plates h. h* revolving in a vertical plane and secured to the armature
shaft B.
The diameter of the wheel f is slightly-less than the distance between the
revolving discs h. h. so that when it is in an intermediate position no movement
will be communicated from the armature shaft to the pinion e and the connected
train of wheels communicating with the commutator brush support A. To hold
the frame G and the wheel f. in such intermediate position and to restore it to such
position when magnets. H and H* are acting oppositely upon the same, I provide a
catch consisting of a revolvable stud or disc m mounted on a fixed spring m² which
tends to force said disc into the space between two pins n. n on the frame G with
Bufficient force to hold the frame firmly in an intermediate position so long as the
action of magnets H H is balanced but to nevertheless allow the frame to be swung
and thus bring wheel f. into contact with h or h* when one magnet acts alone.
When both magnets are energized the frame G assumes an intermediate position and
the wheel fis out of contact with both discs h. h so that no movement is imparted
therefrom to the commutator brushes.
It will be apparent that the roller m of the jaw at the end of the spring m
when in a normal position rests between and against the pins n. n. upon the
frame G and that the stud f* upon the roller jaw is in contact with and holds the
'disc f. but when the frame G is swung either one way or the other by the action
of the magnet H or H' one of the pins n acting against the roller m presses the
jaw and roller back sufficiently to remove the stud f' from contact with the
disc f. thereby allowing the same to be revolved by either the disc h³ or disc h.
If however magnet H' for instance is alone energized the energizing current
being withdrawn from H the frame G will be swung so as to bring wheelf into
connection with disc h³ so that if the direction of revolution of shaft B be in the
direction indicated: by the arrow the wheel f will be rotated and movement will be
communicated to the commutator brush support A through the gearing described
in such a direction as to move the commutator brushes forward in the direction of
revolution of the armature of the machine. This, movement will continue until
the magnet H is again energized and frame G resumes its intermediate position
If on the other hand the frame be moved by the action of magnet H (magnet H
being in this case passive) the wheel of will be drawn against disc h so that

page_text: movement will be communicated to the commutator brushes in an opposite direction,
such movement continuing until magnet H again acts with H2 but oppositely,
when the action of spring m³ will restore the frame to its intermediate position
and the adjustment backward of the commutator brushes will cease. In order to
bring the magnets H. Hs into and out of action at the proper times I prefer to
employ an arrangement of circuits and circuit controller such as is shown in
figures 9 and 10 the same being similar to devices before described when
magnets H. H are used for operating the reversing devices of the operating
mechanism between the armature shaft and the brush support, any suitable circuit
controller may be employed provided it be properly arranged and actuated to
respond to variations in the current strength in the. circuit supplied by the machine,
so as to allow one magnet to act while the current strength is above the normal
and to allow the other magnet to act while it is below the normal and to also keep
both magnets in or both out of circuit while the current strength in the general
circuit supplied by the machine remains at normal.
Referring to figures 9 and 10, M indicates an armature of soft iron mounted on a
plate N and L indicates a circuit closing arm connected with said armature and
arranged to make contact with either or both of the contact points p. p² insulated
from one another and connected respectively by separate conductors X. X' with
the electro magnets H H. The contacts p. p' are formed as shown on the ends of
separate conducting pieces insulated from one another but forming together a
compound contact lever swinging on supports r. also insulated from one another.
A spring p³ adjustable by suitable devices holds the contact points of the lever
against the arm L and constitutes in effect the retractor of the armature M.
Armature M is arranged within the attractive sphere of an electro magnet in
the circuit of the machine or suitably connected to said circuit so as to attract said
armature with a force corresponding to the amount of current flowing in said
circuit. In the present case the varying attraction is secured by pivoting the
armature on the field magnet of the machine below the head of the upper plate so
that the magnetism of the latter will tend to draw the armature upward.
The retractor p³ is so adjusted that when the current and consequently the
attraction is normal the armature will retain a horizontal position and the arm L
will make connection with both contacts p. p. If the attraction increases the
armature will be drawn up and L will rock on p. p² breaking contact with the
former but retaining contact with the latter. If when the armature is in a
horizontal position the attraction decreases, the upper end of the double contact
lever will move outward and L will rock on p. p' so as to break contact with the
latter but preserve contact with the former. The circuit closing apparatus and the
magnets H. H are in the present case placed in the general circuit as indicated,
the circuit being from field magnet through wire 6. spring w³ connected to L
contact p or p connecting spring w³ or w, wire X or X' and magnet H or H².
After passing through the latter the circuit reunites as indicated and is carried to
the electric lamps or other working resistance. The general operation is as
follows:-If all of the working resistance for which the machine is adapted is in
circuit and the commutator brushes are in a proper position on the commutator to
allow of the development and supply to the outside circuit of a current of the.
proper electro motive force, then the current strength on such circuit will be of
normal or proper amount and the armature M will be drawn up with just sufficient.
force to cause the arm L to make connection with both contacts p. p thus closing
the circuit through both magnets H. H. The frame G and wheel will therefore,
be in an intermediate position so that no movement will be imparted to the com-:
mutator brush support. A and will retain this position so long as the current.
remains of proper strength.
•
If now the working resistance diminishes so that with the commutator brushes
in their original or normal position, the electro motive force and consequently the
strength of current will increase, then the armature M will be drawn up.with an
increased force, causing L. to rock on.p.. på so as to break connection with p while

page_text: retaining it with p³. Magnet H will then be thrown out of circuit and magnet H*
will then act to swing the frame G bring wheel f into connection with disc h³ so
that the brush support and the brushes will begin to move forward and to thus
cause a decrease in the electro motive force of the current taken from the armature.
The movement will continue until the electro motive force falls to a point where
the current upon the general circuit will be of the normal strength at which point
the strength of the field magnet will become normal and the armature M will
resume the position in which connection is made with both contacts p. p² so as to
bring magnet H into circuit again. When this happens the frame G will resume
its intermediate position as already explained and the adjustment forward of the
commutator brushes will cease. The brushes will retain this position so long as
the current remains of normal strength. If now the resistance in the general
circuit increase so as to diminish the strength of current and to require an increase
in the electro motive force in order to keep the strength normal, the commutator
brushes will be drawn towards the point where the electro motive force will be
greater. This will effected because the armature M will be held up with less
power when the resistance is introduced and the connection with contact p* will
be broken, the spring p³ then forcing the upper end of the double contact lever
outward. By this means magnet H is thrown out of circuit and magnet H then
pulls the wheel f into connection with the disc h so that the brushes begin to move
backward on the commutator. This backward movement continues until the
brushes reach a point where the electro motive force produces a current of the
normal strength, at which time the field magnet becomes strong enough to draw
the armature M into a position where both contacts p. p* are closed.
The
The frame G then comes to a normal position and the adjustment of the brushes
ceases until another change in resistance and strength of current occurs.
magnets H. H' may be energized from a current derived from any source it not
being necessary that the current of the machine should be used for this purpose
and the current may be admitted to them automatically by other arrangements of
circuits and of devices moving automatically in response to changes in the current's
strength.
The electric current may be controlled by a key or other device operated by
hand so that the brushes may be moved around the commutator to vary the
electro motive force in the working circuit and intensify or diminish the electric
lamps in such working circuit and this may be effected by the current acting in
the magnets H. H* figures 6 to 9 or in the electric motor figures 1, 2 and 4.
It is well known that the electro motive force of the currents generated by a
dynamo machine varies with the strength of the magnetic field through which the
armature moves.
I take advantage of this well known fact in carrying out my invention and for
the purposes thereof,
I propose to automatically vary the number of coils of the field magnet through
which an exciting current is permitted to flow, said automatic variations being
brought about by suitable circuit closing devices that are under the control of
mechanism operating with variations in the currents strength upon the working
circuit consequent upon variations in the working resistance.
The circuit closing or breaking apparatus by which such disconnection or short
circuiting is effected is to be under the control of mechanism working automatically
in response to changes in the working resistance and for this purpose I prefer to
use an electric motor worked by a current from the machine said motor being
reversed by the action of devices operated by an armature which is arranged to be
attracted by an electro magnet excited by the current produced by the machine.
In the accompanying drawings
Figure 11 is an elevation of a machine showing my invention applied thereto.
Figure 12 is a side view of the electric motor armature and its attachments the
fixed pole pieces being removed.
Figure 13 is a face view of the circuit.controller by which the motor is reversed,

page_text: Figure 14 is a perspective view showing the manner in which the motor and the
fixed pole pieces may be attached to and supported by the pole pieces of the
dynamo electric machine.
Referring to figure 11. B. B³ indicate the field magnets of a dynamo electric
5 machine and A the. connecting iron pieces for said magnets. C. C indicate the
pole pieces having the usual curved extensions between which the armature of the
machine rotates; and D a disc upon which the commutator segments are mounted.
F is the ordinary circumferentially adjustable ring or support for the commutator
brushes E. E.
From the upper field magnet coils B run a series of independent wires or loop
connections indicated at W each of said wires leading from a separate convolution
or set of convolutions of the magnet coils in a well known manner so that if for
instance the circuit be closed through wire 1 all of the coils will be in circuit, while
if it be closed through wire 2 a less number of coils will be in circuit, and so on up
to the last wire 13 when the number of coils will be decreased by the number
included between the point at which 1 is connected and the point at which 13 is
connected.
In practice the number of convolutions on A included between any two wires W
may be of any desired number but it is preferable to make the number small in
order to make the changes of magnetism in B gradual. It would be even possible
to take the wires W from the convolutions in outside layer of wire in succession so
that the number of turns of wire included between 1 and 13 would be thirteen, and
the changes in the number of coils carrying an energizing current would be small
and gradual A similar set of wires W' lead from the coils B' and terminate in a
series of suitably supported and insulated contacts 25 while the wires W terminate
in a similar series parallel to the first and indicated at 26. The corresponding
wires of the two series may be successively united by a contact spring or plate 27
which rides over them and is actuated automatically by any suitable means
governed in its movement by fluctuations in the current generated by the dynamo
machine. The width of the spring 27 is sufficient to allow the spring to make
connection with one pair of contacts before breaking with the adjoining pair.
The circuit of the field magnet coils is through the circuit controller just
described, which serves to unite the coils of one magnet to those of the other.
As will be readily perceived when wires 1 are united the number of field magnet
coils in circuit would be at the maximum and the number would gradually
decrease as the circuit closer 27 is moved from one end to the other of the two
series of contacts with corresponding decrease in the strength of the field magnet
with the same strength of current. Contact 27 is carried by an arm a mounted
on the shaft of a suitable actuating device controlled automatically by variations.
in the currents strength due to changes of resistance or is operated in any other
suitable manner automatically and correspondingly with the changes in the
working resistance. In the present application I have shown how an electric
motor inay be employed for this purpose but I do not however limit myself to
any particular construction or form of this part of the apparatus as my invention
consists in the general combination of suitable agencies working together to
automatically control the number of coils of the field magnet through which a
current shall pass in accordance with changes of working resistance and consequent
changes in amount of current.
The construction of the electric motor and a means whereby said motor may be
automatically reversed to move the spring 27 backward or forward or may be kept
at rest are shown more in detail in figures 12. 13. 14 and 15.
G. G indicate fixed poles of iron between which the armature of the motor
rotates. The poles G. G are grooved as shown and are attached by means of
brackets h. h figures 11 and 14 to the upper and lower poles of the field magnet
of the machine.
H is a ring armature of the motor, carrying coils of wire i which are connected
to one another in endless series and are provided with connections taken from

page_text: points. between the successive coils to the segments of a commutator K after the
manner employed in the Pacinotti or Gramme machine, L L indicate the com-
mutator brushes of the motor which are of the usual construction and are mounted
on opposite sides of a block of insulating material which is supported by a pole
piece G. A brace g. preferably of non magnetic material and a similar brace g³
also of non magnetic material and uniting the pole pieces G. G serve as supports
for the armature shaft e of the motor. Connection is made with the electric motor
through the conducting blocks m. m². from which the brushes L. L³ are respectively
supported.
The means for reversing the direction of rotation of the motor are electrical, and
consist of an arm r upon an armature N with contact points t. t' lever arms q. q
spring wand circuit connections identically the same in construction and operation
as before set forth in connection with figures 3 and 5. By these electric connections
the motor H will be turned in one direction when the electro motive force of the
machine rises above the normal condition and in so doing the motor moves the
circuit closer 27 so as to short circuit more or less of the coils of the field helices
and reduce the magnetism thereof and reduce the electro motive force and when
the circuit closer and motor are moved the other way the coils of the field helices
are brought into circuit and the magnetism is increased.
In the foregoing specification the movable commutator brushes are described
with reference to a dynamo or magneto electric machine for developing an electric
current, the same devices are also available with a magnetic motor.
In this latter case the commutator brushes are to be moved around in relation to
the neutral line by either one of the small motors heretofore described. The parts
may be constructed and the circuit connections made in such a manner that the
brushes of the commutator will be moved when the speed varies so as to obtain an
uniformity of speed in the main magnetic motor or the speed of the main motor
may be increased or lessened by changing the positions of the brushes either
automatically or by hand or the direction of revolution of the main magnetic motor
may be reversed if the brushes are moved sufficiently far around the commutator
plates..
Figure 15 illustrates the manner of winding one of the coils of my improved
armature.
Figure 16 is a longitudinal section of the armature showing one only of the
armature coils the others being removed for clearness.
Figure 17 is a cross section of the same showing four of the coils upon the
carriers.
It is of prime necessity to provide means for. thoroughly insulating the armature
coils. The most reliable manner is to wind the coils on a frame from which they
As the
can be removed and after thorough inspection slipped on their carrier.
radial spaces grow smaller towards the shaft it becomes necessary to wind the coils
in such a manner that they are broad on the external side of the cylindrical carrier
and narrow on the internal side. This is effected by winding so that the con-
volutions laying side by side externally are twice the number of those laying side
by side internally; The wires should not cross each other at the ends as this might
result in short circuiting one or more layers and a subsequent burning of the
insulations of these layers would take place. In the first layer the wires lay close
together on the interior side but have a space of the thickness of a wire between
each turn on the exterior side of the coil as seen in figure 15. The wire composing
the second layer is wound so that the coils lay close to each other on the interior
side and on the exterior they fill the spaces left between the wires of the first
layer. This is repeated till the coil is finished to the proper size.
The coils are enveloped on all sides where they come close to the carrier or to
each other by an insulation composed of alternate layers of mica, thin tough
pressed paper and canvass or cottoncloth, these layers are stuck together by thickly
spread japan or other insulating tough varnish. For. machines required to give a
current of high. electro motive force a greater number of layers of these substances

page_text: is used than for those of lower tension. These insulations are firmly bound to the
coils and the coils consolidated by bands of strong tape composed of non conducting
substances wound around the coils. The carrier is constructed with a view to
obtain the following advantages: Efficiency, Lightness, Durability, Perfect venti-
lation, Absence of injurious currents in the iron plates of which it is composed and
the Ease with which it can be separated to place the coils in position or exchange
one or more of them if any should be injured by some unforeseen accident. The
inductive portion of the carrier consists of a number of segmental curved plates a³
figures 16 and 17 stamped out of soft sheet iron with a dove tail shaped projection 30
on each end. These plates are curved to form a ring of the proper diameter when
the necessary number are joined up in a circle. In small machines they are
preferably cut so that four of them form the ring, in larger machines six or eight
or even a higher number is more convenient. The dovetailed ends fit into grooves
in flat thin iron bars a and the plates a³ are kept at a small distance from each
other by passing pieces of wire a of the proper thickness through holes drilled
or punched for that purpose into several parts of the segments and bending the
ends over flat so that they cannot fall out but keep the plates at the proper
separation. The different series of segments being fastened by their dovetailed
ends to the bars mentioned are attached to each other by clamps or also by dove-
tailing the adjoining bars together. The projecting ends of the bars are made as
bolts a and threaded to receive nuts by which they are fastened to the radial arms
of the heads as which are keyed fast to the driving shaft B³. The holes in the
arms are bushed with insulating material to prevent the armature from being in
electric contact with any other part of the machine. The coils are slipped on over
the segments of the armature cylinder made as aforesaid and in order to prevent
bulging out of the wires exterior to the carrier under the influence of centrifugal
force the coils are encircled by a number of flat bands a composed of many
convolutions of tenacious wire, these wires are held together by flat metallic
strips a laid under the wires, soldered to these wires and the wires are soldered to
each other. Strips of insulating material al preferably mica are interposed
between the bands and the coils as good insulation between these parts is of great
importance. To facilitate the fastening of the bands the coils are pressed together
upon the carrier by a number of clamping rings in sections which are drawn
together by screws.
With the help of these clamping rings it becomes possible to slip the binding
rings off without cutting them if the changing of a coil should become necessary.
The coils are evenly spaced off before the binding rings are put on by driving
wedge shaped pieces a¹ of insulating material such as vulcanised fibre or wood
between them. These wedges are passed through the armature carrier between
the segmental plates and they also hold the interior portions of the coils in their
proper position. I make use of curved segmental hollow supports a' within the
helices or coils at their ends which prevent the wires of the helices being injured
by any edges or corners-One of these supports is shown separately in figure 21.
The free ends of the coils leading to the commutator bars are strengthened by
being connected to thicker wires or a number of small wires in shape of a small
cable may be used to resist accidental strains.
The commutator a consists of a number of Ŀ shaped rectangular pieces of
metal insulated from each other by air spaces. These pieces are radially disposed
on an insulating plate b° such as stone, glass, porcelain or other substances forming
with their rectangular projections a cylindre concentric to the shaft. The insulation
plate is fastened to some lugs projecting outward from the head or arms as so that
the whole surface of the plates and segments constituting the commutator is
exposed to the air which, being driven outward by centrifugal force when the
armature revolves prevents any dust from lodging in the commutator which dust
if metallic might short circuit some spools and cause them to heat excessively.
The brushholders E are fastened to a ring F which can revolve easily on rollers

page_text: which are fastened to the ends of the curved pole pieces in front of the machine
see figure 1.
This ring has a toothed sector fastened to it which engages with a pinion on the
shaft of a little electro motor by means of which it can be revolved in either
direction as before described.
5
If desired the coils or helices are wound so that one end of each coil passes to
one of the commutator plates and the other ends of the wires are all brought
together and bunched so as to be in metallic connection. When desired the wires
of the armature coil are connected to a movable switch upon the armature or its
shaft so that by turning such switch the circuit connections are changed to obtain 1
either a current of intensity or one of quantity.
Figure 18 is a diagrammatic view of the switch and circuit connections for
connecting the coils in multiple arc or in series, the figure representing the cores
connected in multiple arc.
Figure 19 represents the switch in position to connect the coils in series.
Figure 20 represents the crank for moving the switch.
The switch to connect the double coils on an armature either in series or parallel
is made as follows:
A ring of insulating material e figure 16 is fastened to the back end of the
armature. It carries as many contact blocks e imbedded in it as there are wire
ends of armature coils. The number of commutator bars is half the number of the
coils.
Two discs made of insulating material e. e carry each as many biforked contact
springs as there are commutator, bars. The inner disc has shorter springs which
rest on the lower steps of the contact blocks eð.
The outer disc 7 which can be turned independent of the other has long springs
which rest on the high ends of the contact blocks. This arrangement prevents the
springs from touching each other.
The blocks n° 1. 4. 7. 10 and so forth are connected to commutator bars. First
end of coil A goes to block 1, second end of coil A goes to block 3. First end of
coil B goes to block 2, second end to block 4. First end of coil C goes to block 4
second end to block 6.-First end of coil D goes to block 5. second end to block 7
and so forth.
There are stationary stops i in slots that limit the movement of the discs e² e³
and these discs may be turned into either one position or another by a small
crank on one disk and a link connecting it with the other disc see figs 18
& 20.
Upon reference to the diagramatic end view figure 18 it will be seen that when
the discs are in the position shown with springs of e8 on 3. 4-6. 7 etc and of e' on
1. 2—4. 5—7. 8 etc the helices are connected up in multiple arc or parallel, the
circuit from commutator bar passing to block 1 and through coil A to block 3. and
by spring of es to block 4 and through coil C to 6 and spring of e' to 7. and by E
to 9 and so on, all the way aroud to 47 and through coil to 1.
If now the disks are moved to the position shown in figure 19 so that the springs
of es and e' rest on 2.3-5. 6.-8. 9 etc all around the coils will be connected in
series the circuit being from the commutator plate by 1 through A to 3. by springs
of ees to 2. through B to 4 and through C to 6 and by springs to 5 and through D
and so on all around the armature coils. This construction allows the machine to
be easily varied to produce currents of quantity or intensity.
What I claim as my Invention is:
First The combination with an adjustable commutator on a dynamo electric
machine of an electric motor geared to said commutator and reversing appliances
for automatically reversing the direction of movement of said motor simultaneously
with any change in the normal strength of the current of said machine.
Second. The combination with an adjustable commutator and a rotary electric
motor geared thereto, of a circuit controller for controlling the direction of the

page_text: current flowing throug said motor and an armature which actuates the circuit
controller and is energized or controlled directly or indirectly by variations in the
electro magnetic action of currents supplied from the machine.
Third. The combination with an adjustable conimutator of an electric motor
geared thereto and placed in a branch of the main circuit and means for auto-
matically reversing the direction of movement of said motor upon a variation in
the current flowing in the circuit supplied by the machine.
Fourth. The combination with the adjustable frame or support for the
commutator brushes of a segmental gear formed upon or attached to said frame
and actuating devices gearing with said rack and reversed in accordance with
variations in the current flowing in the circuit supplied by the machine.
Fifth. The combination with an adjustable commutator on a dynamo electric
machine of a rotary motor geared thereto and means for reversing said motor
controlled by an armature that is supported by the field magnet and arranged to
be actuated by the magnetic attraction thereof.
Sixth The combination with the adjustable commutator on a dynamo electric
machine of a rotary motor, a reducing gear interposed between the motor and the
commutator and means for reversing the motor automatically as the currents in the
main circuit rises or falls above the normal.
Seventh. The combination with the adjustable commutator of the rotary motor
placed in a bridge between two branches each containing a resistance and means
for admitting the current to one or the other terminal of the motor or to both
simultaneously as and for the purposes described.
Eighth. The combination of the adjustable commutator, the rotary motor geared
thereto, the bibranched circuit, each branch containing an artificial resistance, the
motor terminals connected to the two branches and a circuit closer for admitting
the circuit to one or the other of the branches as described.
Ninth. The combination with the electric motor of the rocking lever carrying
two insulated contacts, one connected to one and the other to the other terminal
of the motor and a rocking circuit closer working upon said lever in the manner
described so as to close one or the other circuit or both simultaneously.
Tenth. The combination of the circuit closing lever r the double contact lever q. q'
whose contacts are insulated from one another and arranged one above the other
and the electric motor and artificial resistances connected as described.
Eleventh. The combination with the commutator brush support F of the rack a
the electric motor and the gear b. d. c.
Twelfth. The combination with the rotary motor and the adjustable commutator
of reversing devices for said motor, and an armature for actuating said circuit
reversing devices supported on the field magnet frame.
Thirteenth. The combination with the adjustable commutator of the rotary
motor supported from the field of force magnet.
Fourteenth. The combination with the adjustable commutator of the rotary
actuating electro motor, the pole pieces G. G for said motor connected to the pole
pieces of the machine, and the non magnetic connecting pieces g. g' in which the
motor shaft is pivoted.
Fifteenth. The combination of armature N circuit closer r double insulated
contacts t. t each connected with the continuation of the circuit through a separate
branch containing an artificial resistance and an electric motor in a bridge between
said branches at a point between the resistance and the circuit closer.
Sixteenth. The combination of circuit closer armature N compound contact
lever q. q contacts t. t resistances R. R³ and electric motor connected as
described.
Seventeenth. The combination with the adjustable commutator on a dynamo
machine of an actuating electric motor whose pole pieces are magnetized from the
field magnets of said machine.
Eighteenth. The combination with the revolving armature or armature shaft on
a dynamo electric machine of an adjustable commutator and intermediate reversing

page_text: mechanism for reversing the movement of the commutator brushes or equivalent
part of the commutator, according to the increase or decrease in the strength of
the current on the circuit supplied by the machine.
Nineteenth. The combination with a dynamo electric machine of regulating
devices whereby the electro motive force of the current supplied by the machine
may be changed, means for imparting movement to said devices from the armature
shaft, a reversing mechanism and devices for operating said mechanism according
to the increase or decrease of the strength of the current on the circuit supplied
by the machine.
Twentieth. The combination with the armature shaft of adjustable commutator
brushes connected therewith, intermediate reversing mechanism, two electro
magnets acting in opposite directions on said reversing mechanism, so that when
one prevails the commutator brushes may be moved in one direction and vice
versa when the other prevails and means for energizing one or the other of said
magnets simultaneously with the rise or fall of the normal currents strength.
Twenty first. The combination with the armature shaft of adjustable commutator
brushes connected therewith, intermediate reversing mechanism, electro magnets
for operating the same and a circuit closer for controlling the circuits of said
electro magnets operated by an armature within the attractive influence of a
magnet that is in the current of the machine or is suitably connected with said
circuit so as to be affected by the fluctuations of current strength therein.
Twenty second. The combination with the regulating appliances for a dynamo
electric machine of a suitable actuator and intermediate reversing mechanism, two
electro magnets H. H2 acting on said reversing appliances in opposite directions
and circuit closing devices for admitting current to one or the other of said
electro magnets singly according to changes in the currents strength above or
below normal.
Twenty third. The combination with a reciprocating frame or lever G for
controlling the reverse movements of the regulating appliances on a dynaino
electric machine of two magnet poles arranged to move said lover in opposite
directions and means for restoring and holding said lever in a central or
intermediate position when the attraction of neither magnet pole prevails. :
Twenty fourth. The combination with the adjustable regulating devices for
regulating the electro motive force of a dynamo electric machine, of a reversing
mechanism, two electro magnets acting thereon in opposite directions and circuit
closing devices for closing a circuit through one or both electro magnets according
as the current strength is above or below normal or at normal
Twenty fifth. The combination with the armature shaft of two discs or
wheels h. h a wheel f. through which movement may be communicated to the
regulating devices for changing the electro motive force of the machine, and means
for bringing said wheel into contact with one or the other of said discs or
wheels h. h according as the current strength rises or falls above normal.
Twenty sixth. The combination of the armature shaft having the two disc
wheels or surfaces h. h the adjustable commutator brushes or other device for
regulating the electro motive force of the machine, the intermediate actuating
mechanism, wheel f. forming a portion of the same, and mounted on a swinging
lever and two electro magnets acting on said lever in opposite directions, as and for
the purposes described.
Twenty seventh. The combination with the armature shaft of the adjustable
commutator or other device by the adjustment of which the electro motive force
of the machine may be regulated, the intermediate actuating mechanism, the frame
or support G carrying wheel for other device whereby the mechanism may be
run in either direction from the shaft and two electro-magnets H. H² arranged to
actuate the frame G in opposite directions, substantially as and for the purpose
described.
Twenty eighth. The combination of the armature shaft having driving
surfaces h. h the adjustable commutator or its equivalent, the intermediate actuating

page_text: mechanism provided with the movable driving wheel f the two electro magnets
controlling the position of said wheel and suitable means whereby a current may
be admitted to both or one of said magnets according as the current strength is at
normal or below normal.
Twenty ninth. The combination of the armature shaft having driving surfaces h. h³
of the wheel mounted on swinging frame G magnets H. H³ brush support A
having rack a and the intermediate driving mechanism between said rack and
wheel f.
Thirtieth. The combination of support G wheelf gear F. d. c. horizontal shaft C.
pinion b. and rack a.
Thirty first. The combination with the field magnet coils in a dynamo electric
machine of means for automatically varying the number of said coils through which
an exciting current flows, in accordance with variations in the current supplied by
the machine.
Thirty second. The combination with the field magnet in a dynamo electric
machine of means for automatically including a greater or a less number of said
coils in circuit in accordance with an increase or decrease in the resistance of the
working circuit
Thirty third. In a dynamo electric machine the combination with the field
magnet coils of a series of loop connections as described, a circuit closer for con-
necting and disconnecting or otherwise controlling the passage of current through
said coils in succession and means for automatically shifting said circuit closer in
one direction or the other according as the resistance in the main or working circuit
increases or diminishes.
Thirty fourth. The combination with a series of loop connections from the field
coils in a dynamo electric machine of a circuit closer and breaker, a motor operating
the same and automatic reversing devices for causing said circuit closer to move in
one direction or the other so as to vary the number of field coils through which
the exciting current shall flow.
Thirty fifth. The combination with the field magnet coils in a dynamo electric
machine of a circuit closer and loop connections from the coils where by an
exciting current may be caused to flow through a greater or less number of said
coils, an electric motor for operating said circuit closer and means for automatically
reversing said motor in accordance with a rise or fall of the current generated by
the machine.
Thirty sixth. The combination with the field magnet coils, of a circuit closer
and connections whereby a greater or less number of said coils may be included
in circuit, a rotary electric motor for operating said circuit closer and devices
whereby the direction of the current through said motor may be automatically
reversed in accordance with variations in the working resistance.
Thirty seventh. The combination with the field magnet coils of a circuit closer
and connections whereby a greater or less number of coils may be included in the
circuit, an actuating electric motor for said circuit closer in a bridge wire between
two branches, each including a resistance and a circuit closer for admitting the
current to one or the other branch singly or to both together.
Thirty eighth. The combination with the rotary electric motor of the contact
arm secured to the shaft thereof and means for automatically reversing said motor
as the main current strength rises or falls above or below normal.
Thirty ninth. The combination with the two field magnets of the two inter-
mediate series of insulated contacts forming the terminals of loops from the magnet
coils and a circuit closer for connecting said insulated contacts in succession as
described.
Fortieth. The combination in the armature of the coils or helices, the curved
plates within the helices, the connecting bars and the heads to which the
connecting bars are fastened and the bands surrounding the helices substantially
as set forth.
Forty first. The armature belices wound in the manner specified so that the

page_text: outer parts of the coil are wider than the inner portions for the purposes and as
set forth.
Forty second. The combination with the armature coils of the switch plates e". e
springs and contact blocks arranged substantially as set forth so that the connections
of the armature coils can be changed for currents of intensity or quantity as
specified.
divided bars a
the bars aⓇ and
Forty third. The armature frame composed of the heads a
carrier plates a³ made with dovetailed ends entering grooves in
means for securing the bars as to the heads, substantially as and for the purposes
specified.
Forty fourth. The combination in an armature frame of the divided bars a'
carrier plates as heads as curved supporting bars al and means for connecting the
bars a with the heads, substantially as and for the purposes specified.
In Witness whereof I the said William Hochhausen have hereunto set my
hand and seal this twenty fifth day of September 1883 A.D.
ITALY
WILLIAM TIQUILHAUDER
Witnesses:
CHO. H. SMITH 140 Nassau St New York
J. STAIB 140 Nassau St. New York