IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CERTAIN ARTICLES OF CUTLERY AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO THE MANUFACTURE of SCISSORS AND CAST STEEL TOOLS SUCH AS JOINERS CHISELS AND GOUGES.”
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Melton Marsden at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th January 1882.
HENRY MELTON MARSDEN of the Firm of Marsden Rowntree & Co. of
Sheffield in the County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
CERTAIN ARTICLES OF CUTLERY AND IN THE APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREIN
PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO THE MANUFACTURE of
SCISSORS AND CAST STEEL TOOLS SUCH AS JOINERS CHISELS AND GOUGES.”
The objects of my Invention are
In the first place the construction of the blade or cutting portion of the knife, so
that it shall consist of two qualities or tempers of steel.
In the second place the construction of a knife with a hollow handle in which
the blade and handle are of one piece of material.
In the third place the construction of a knife with
the "scale" or covering of the handle.
bolster that shall overlap
In the fourth place the construction of a knife with double scales for the handle
so that what is termed the covering may be inside.
In the fifth place the construction of a steel bolster in one piece with the blade
and at right angles to its plane and also the construction of a second similar bolster
behind the first and also the construction of a bolster with a recess in the side
furthest from the blade into or under which the end of the scale or handle can be
placed.
In the sixth place the construction of a knife with a double hollow choil and
thus forming a kind of neck, separating the blade from the bolster-more or less.
In the seventh place the construction of a knife with a blade of two parallel
thicknesses in the cross section or so turned up on the back edge as to serve to
Bome extent the same end.
In the last place the construction of what is known as a solid handled knife of
two separate parts one for the blade and one for the handle the handle part
suitably prepared by forging stamping or rolling with a slit or hole by means of
which the blade can be connected with the handle by pressure impact or any other
available process or by facing the parts that are to be connected and bringing
them together uniting them by soldering or brazing.
My Invention cousists 1st. In improved sections out of which to begin the
manufacture of table and other knives these sections I may produce by the ordinary

page_text: method of rolling with properly turned rolls or I produce them as is hereinafter
described-Such sections having the needed differences of thickness and sunken or
elevated part or parts (as the case may require and as they are either double or
single in section) as the kind of knife or knives may require.
I so place two or more flat pieces or sheets of steel (with or without a piece
between) that they shall suitably overlap each other and then pass them simul-
taneously through properly shaped rolls so that when rolled the sheets of steel
shall be of two thicknesses-I then cut them up into strips of any required length,
the thicker portions of which form the bolster and tang or bolster and handle and
the other or thinner portion the blade.
For this process plain rolls may be used but I prefer to use rolls specially
constructed with broad flat gates so as to prevent the pieces or sheets of steel
from being rolled less than a given thickness in the thickest parts-
This method of preparing material so as to save forging applies to scissors
and cast steel tools such as joiners chisels gouges et cetera.
In order to obtain the same result I pass a piece of steel through specially
constructed rolls so as to form an elevation (or elevations) which I afterwards
stamp into a bolster or bolsters, or form such bolsters into shape by submitting
them either simply or otherwise to the action of a top roll or top and bottom rolls
having the design-that is the hollows and projections turned on the face of the
roll or rolls corresponding to the print to be produced on the bolster-In this
process a sliding or traversing table would also sometimes be used and forms a part
of this portion of my Invention.
In making the elevations above referred to I leave on each side of the said
elevations grooves or starting points for the next process which process may be
effected by either rolling or forging-In the manufacture of solid handled tablo
knives I also form in the face-of-the-rolls indentations or cavities corresponding to
the rough form of the handle required, or instead of having the indentations in the
roll itself I have the roll fitted with grooves or gates into which I insert dies
with indentations or cavities as before mentioned.
In the second place I either partially submit the sheet as a whole to the reducing
action of a pair of rolls (one of which is eccentric or imperfectly circular in shape)
or I cut the sheet into sections and partially submit each section separately to the
action of the aforesaid rolls until I have sufficiently reduced the sheet in thickness,
so that one portion shall form the blade and the other portion the part for the
bolster and tang or bolster and handle.
I cast the ingots of a suitable shape so that when cut up into strips, tho strips
would be ready for the second stage of the forging process without first being
rolled as now, and also cast them of such a shape and thickness, either single or
compound so that when rolled or cut up into strips as aforesaid such strips would
form rough blanks or moods with or without a projection for the forming of
the bolster.
I forge the blades into pairs instead of single either side by side or united
together at the bolster end, and I punch out blanks in new forms one form
intended to counteract the tendency of the rolls to curve the blades, the other
to lessen waste-On the handles I emboss various devices any designs as fancy or
taste may suggest or even advertisements.
The blades are rolled taper from back to edgo either after plating or without it.
I heat the steel in the different processes in molten lead or other metal or
combination of metals instead of the present process of heating in a charred coal
or coke fire.
Before beating forging or rolling the blanks moods, blades or handles in the
finishing or final stage or stages I "pickle" them-or in other words immerse them
in a diluted acid so as to remove the oxide or dirt from the surface and finish them
in the forging process with dies prepared with smooth and bright faces or with the
rolls polished and prepared for the purpose so as to save much of the labour of
grinding and polishing.

page_text: Another portion of my Invention consists in bulging out or thickening and
shaping the part to form the bolster by pressure or impact brought to bear on the
tang or blade side of the bolster that is in the direction of the length instead of on
its face side-Or I might thicken or bulge out the part by this process and finish
in the ordinary way.
Again in making a diamond-handled table knife I have the steel rolled of
diamond instead of square section and thicken or bulge out the part for the bolster
by pressure or impact as aforesaid: or by mooding the blade from steel so rolled and
knocking down the back-I produce a knife without the two subsequent operations
of bolstering and shaping the handle.
I sometimes make a slit in front of where the bolster usually is, and then turn
the two slit portions up to form a bolstor.
In carrying out my Invention I construct a grinding and polishing machine in
some respects similar to the Patent taken out by Edward Newton No. 1035 under
date 8th May 1858 with either one or two stones, two stones preferred, and with a
revolving wheel formed of two halves or parts having suitable recesses between
them so that when they are screwed up on the axle tree they will grip and hold
fast one portion of the knife whilst the other is being ground-This disc may be
in one piece or with detachable sections-such disc or disc and sections having
suitable recesses formed in them, or arrangements attached to them for holding one
portion of the knife whilst the other is being ground by being made to revolve
between the stones or composite grinding wheels-I attach to the axle of the
clamp wheel or solid or composite disc suitable driving arrangements so that it
may be made to revolve as required whilst the operation of grinding or polishing is
proceeding-This revolving wheel or disc would be brought to or moved from the
stones by screw gearing or rack arrangement.
I also construct a grinding machine with or without an elastic bed that shall
have a moving horizontal frame or table with a reciprocatory or transversing action
above which the grindstone, emery wheel, glazer buff or polisher shall revolve, the
said frame or table being provided with suitable arrangements for holding the
knives in position whilst the blades bolsters or handles are being ground or
polished.