IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING AND SPINNING MACHINERY
Year: 1884

page_text: I RAPHAEL HUNTER BRANDON of No. 1 Rue Laffitte, Paris France, and
114 Queen Victoria Street. E.C. London. do hereby declare the nature of the
said invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING AND SPINNING MACHINERY," and
in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This Invention relates to carding and spinning machinery and consists in the
combination of doffers divided into three or more sections, according to the width
of the carding machine used and the size of the thread desired with separate
sectional doffing combs, adjustable receiving shells, automatically twisting tubes and
delivering rollers to each section, all being on one machine.
I attain these objects by the combination of the several devices shown in the
accompanying drawings, in which, Fig. 1, is a perspective view of a carding engine
with my improvements applied thereto.
Fig. 2, is an elevation of adjustable receiving shell and automatic adjusting
twisting tube.
Fig. 3, is an end view of the automatic adjusting tube looking from the larger
end thereof.
Fig. 4, is an end view of point of twisting tube looking from an opposite
direction.
•
Fig. 5, is a plan of a machine containing my improvement.
Fig. 6, is a front elevation of the same.
Fig. 7, is a transverse section of the machine on the line J J, fig. 6.
These improvements are especially adapted to carding and spinning or twisting
asbestos, amianthus, and chrysotile (which are all known commercially by the
name of asbestos).
Owing to their smooth and slippery nature; it has heretofore been difficult to.
spin or handle them without a preliminary or false twist of the admixture of other
fibre.
By the use of this improvement the asbestos thread, spun by it without any
preliminary or false twist or the admixture of other fibres or subsequent twisting
or spinning can be woven into cloth or used as wick or packing, according to the
twist required and given to it.

page_text: I am aware that asbestos has been twisted or spun into thread by hand and by
power machinery by the admixture of vegetable or other fibres in order to keep
the asbestos together and enable it to be worked on the machine as owing to the
smooth and slippery nature of the asbestos fibre, it is very difficult to handle
it without such addition, and without a positive twist such as I put in by my
device.
In using my improvement figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 & 7, the sectional doffers D,
figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, D¹ figs. 1, 5, 6 and 7 sectional doffing combs I, I¹ figs. 1, 6, 7,
automatic adjusting twisting tubes J. J' figs. 1, 2, 3, 4 5, 6, 7, delivering
rollers K, K figs. 1, 5, 6, 7, and spools M, M¹, figs., 1, 5, 6, 7, in combination
with the receiving shells H; H¹, figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 are driven by pullies,
belting and gearing suitably arranged for the purpose as follows:-the doffer
shafts Q, Q1 figs. 5, 6, 7, being driven as usual from the end of the main cylinder X
fig. 1, by a belt Z running from a pulley on the end of the cylinder shaft fig. 1, to
a pulley a fig. 1 geared to the duffer shaft wheels, b, 61 by means of a pinion
secured to a stud in said pulley fig. 1.
The sectional duffing combs I I', which are in sections I I", arranged on two
shafts in front of and corresponding in number with the sectional doffers D, D', the
comb safts which are the "Wright" or other suitable form have the ordinary
vibratory motion usual in such comb shafts figs. 1, 6, 7 are driven as usual by
belts from the ends of the "fancy" shaft c, c, fig. 1. The doffing combs or knives
being divided into sections to admit the twisting tubes J, J and delivering
rollers K, K', into their proper positions as shown.
The automatic adjusting twisting tubes J, J1, figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, are driven
by belting o, o, figs. 5, 6, 7, from a counter shaft V figs. 1, 5, 6, 7, in front of
the machine, this counter shaft V being driven by a belt d, d, fig. 1, from the
carrying shaft e fig. 1, under the carding engine fig. 1, this carrying shaft & being
the same shaft that carries the "stripper" and "fancy" belt as usual. The
delivering rollers K, K¹, figs. 1, 5,-6, 7, are driven by bevel gearing P, P¹ fig. 5, 7,
on te doffer shafts Q Q1, figs. 5, 6, 7, at the end of each sectional doffer D figs. 1, 2,
5, 6, 7, D¹ figs. 1, 5, 6, 7.
The tp bobbin winding roller U figs. 1, 5, 6, 7, U¹ figs. 1, 6, 7, is driven by a
belt ffig. 1, frem a pulley fig. 1, on the top doffer shaft Q, the bottom bobbin
winding roller U being driven by a pulley and belt g fig. 1, on the top one U, the
bobbins M figs. 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, M₁ figs. 1, 6, 7, being revolved by friction as they
rest on the top of the rollers U U the top winding roller U Leing placed above the
top row of sectional doffers D and the lower winding roller U₁ in front of and
below the bottom row of sectional doffers D¹.
The fibre is combed from the sectional doffers D, D¹ into the adjustable
receiving stells H Hand drawn through the automatic adjusting twisting
tubes JJ by a pair of delivering rollers K, K' arranged at the end of each
sectional doffer D, D¹ of which I may have three or more on each carding
engine according to the width of the carding engine or the thickness of the thread
required.
The space at the end of and between the sectional doffers D, D¹, and
corresponding sectional doffing combs II', gives the necessary room for the
automatic adjusting twisting tubes J J', and delivering rollers K, K', and the
gearing driving the rollers, which gearing may be of the usual kind and character
used in machinery and suitably arranged for the purpose as shown in the drawings;
I arrange the sectional doffers D, D¹, on two or more shafts Q and Q¹, one shaft Q
above the other shaft Q', the sectional doffers D D¹ on the upper shaft Q being over
the twisting tubes J¹ and delivering rollers K¹ of the lower series of sectional
doffers D¹ so that the stuff may be taken off the whole length of the cylinder x by
the sectional doffers D and D¹ without interfering with each other.
As a matter of convenience and for the purpose of changing the position of the
receiving shells H, H', I make them adjustable to suit the quantity and quality of
the material used, the adjustment being effected by raising or lowering either end'

page_text: of the receiving shell H, H' or the whole shell by means of the adjusting screw h
figs. 2. 3, 6, 7, and slotted standard i figs. 2, 3, 6, 7.
The object and purpose of placing the adjustable receiving shells in the slightly
inclined position or angle shown in the drawings, fig. 2, 5, & 6, is to enable them to
be adjusted to allow sufficient space below the doffer comb at the end furthest from
its respective twisting tube for the loose material as it is combed into the receiving
shell where it is very loose and occupies much space in the receiving shell below
the doffer comb at that end and becomes smaller occupying less space below the
doffing comb as it is gradually twisted and drawn nearer to and into the twisting
tube.
Any difference in the quality and length of the fibre used will require a change
in the angle at which the receiving shell must be set to give the best results, as
long fibre will take the twist better than short fibre the latter must be held more
closely to the doffing comb or knife at the end farthest from the twisting tube and
require the shell to be raised proportionnally at that end.
The size of thread is governed by the amount of material fed into the machine
at the feed rollers x fig. 1, and the receiving shell must be raised or lowered to suit
the increased or diminished amount of material used.
My automatic adjusting twisting tubes J J' are compose of a conical tube with
shoulders kk figs. 2, 4, 5, 6, 7 and pulley figs. 2, 5, 6, 7, near the larger end,
the point m figs. 2, 4, being beveled off on one side of the apex and fitted with an
elastic plate N N¹ figs. 2, 4, notched at the apex o figs. 2, 4, and attached at the
base p figs. 2, 4, to the cone of the twisting tube J figures 2, 4, the shoulders of
my twisting tube J J' are supported by a standard q figs. 2, 3, with two
bearings 7, figs. 2, 3, the caps or covers 8, 8, figs. 2, 3, of the bearings being
hinged on and fastened or released by the movable key t, t, figs. 2, 3, so that the
twisting tube J J₁, may evolve freely in its bearings r, r, when driven by the
belt o, o from the counter shaft V.
The notched elastic plate N, N¹ is a ljusted so that it will press the stuff which
is being twisted against the opposite side of the apex of the cone m and at the
saire time have sufficient elasticity to allow the twisted stuff or thread L L', to be
drawn through it by the delivering rollers K, K', Any other suitable form of
twisting tube or head may be used, but I prefer the one described.
The operation of my improvement is as follows:-the fibre used (asbestos,
amianthus or chrysotile) in proper condition is fed to the carding engine fig. 1,
at in the usual manner and carried around the cylinder and cards vv vv,
fig. 1, as usual to the sectional doffers D. D' from which it is combed by the
combs I I¹, onto the receiving shells H, H' which support it while it is being
twisted or spun by the automatic adjusting twisting tubes J J', and delivering
rollers K, K', which draw it through the twisting tube J J' and deliver it to the
bobbins M M', which rest on the winding rollers U, U¹ and are driven by thein by
friction, all being driven by suitable pulleys belting and gearing as previously
described.
In the accompanying drawings I have shown a carding engine fig. 1, twenty-
four inches in width with six sectional doffers of four inches each to make a certain
size of thread, as the size of the carding engine is increased the number of
sectional doffers may be increased or the size of the thread varied. As the
number of sectional doffers is increased, additional combs, adjustable receiving
shells, automatic adjusting twisting tubes, delivering rollers and bobbins must be
added in proportion.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
-
1. The combination of the main cylinder, of the sectional doffer cylinders, the
doffing combs, receiving shells, twisting tubes, delivery rollers, bobbin winding
rollers, and means for operating said parts, substantially as described.

page_text: 2. The combination, with the main cylinder, of the doffer cylinder, twisting tubes
and delivery rollers, doffing comb, receiving shell and means for operating said
parts, substantially as described.
3. The combination, with the doffing cylinder and doffing knife, of the receiving
shell and means for supporting and adjusting said shell, the twisting tube, drawing
rolls and means for operating said parts, substantially as and for the purpose set
forth.
Doted this sixteenth day of February 1884"