matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN COVERS FOR TEAPOTS AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Mariotti at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd May
1875.
I, LOUIS MARIOTTI, of Etruria, in the County of Stafford, Commercial
Traveller, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN COVERS FOR TEAPOTS AND OTHER ARTICLES," to be as
follows:-
My Invention has reference principally to the covers of teapots and
other articles in earthenware, and has for its object the adaptation of the
cover and the upper part of the teapot, in such a manner as to admit of
the former fitting on to the latter, and being easily secured thereon
without the ordinary liability to fall off when placed in an inclined
position.
For this purpose there are formed on the inside of the upper part of
the teapot or other article studs or projections, and in corresponding
positions in the cover are formed angular slots, that is to say, slots
with one part vertical and the other part horizontal and slightly
curved. By this means when the cover is applied to the top of the

page_text: teapot or other article, the vertical part of the slots will pass over the
studs or projections, but the cover can be secured as required by turning
the same in a horizontal plane, whereby the studs or projections will be
caused to pass into the horizontal part of the slots, and prevent the
cover from rising off the top of the teapot or article to which it is 5
applied.
An IMPROVED DEVICE TO BE USED IN THE MARKING AND CUTTING OF TEXTILE AND OTHER LIKE MATERIALS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Henry Cramp at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st February 1875.
I, ALFRED HENRY CRAMP, of the City and State of New York,
United States of America, now of No. 8, Southampton Buildings,,
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "An
IMPROVED DEVICE TO BE USED IN THE MARKING AND CUTTING OF TEXTILE AND OTHER
LIKE MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
•
In the sale or use of velvet and other fabrics or materials for the
making or trimming of dresses, or of any goods commonly sold in
drapers, outfitters, or similar shops; or used by manufacturers, milliners,
or dressmakers; or by ladies and others, it is frequently necessary to
measure, mark, and cut the same "bias" or diagonally, and my Inven-
tion relates to a simple device for this purpose.
Heretofore no special device or apparatus has been provided, whereby
the bias cutting or marking of a piece of velvet or other goods could be
accomplished, the ordinary method being to calculate and mark the
distances on both edges of the fabric with an ordinary measure, and
then cut from one mark to the other.
>

page_text: My improved device saves time, material, and the necessity for calcu-
lation. It prevents mistakes, gives the "bias" measure and straight
measure, and is light, durable, and inexpensive. It permits the cutting
of pipings, ruffles, folds, bands, flounces, and the like, of the exact depth
required without calculation, while showing exactly the quantity of
material used; and in quilting its use is very advantageous.
the
The said device is a frame of any suitable material, preferably of
bars of hard wood bound with brass or other metal at the corners,
said frame having the form of an isosceles triangle. One of these bars
is marked with a double scale or series of graduations. One scale is 1
formed on the inner edge of the said bar and gives the width of the
"bias" pieces; the other scale, which is the ordinary inch measure, is
formed on the outer edge of the said bar.
In using this device in the cutting of any goods, to commence the
"bias" I so adjust the device that its long or "bias" side is in a line 1
with one corner of the goods; then pressing firmly on the said bias side,.
I draw a pencil or other marker along the edge of the same.
'
To cut a short length from a piece of goods already "biased," I place
the said device with the mark or measure required exactly over the
bias" end, and then draw the line.
"
The various ways of using the said device in marking or cutting long
lengths, extra widths, and other varieties of goods, and for marking the
same for quilting and the like, will be obvious to those familiar with the
sale and use of such materials.
2
By placing the marked or engrossed edge of the device even with the 2
"selvage" of the goods to be cut, a perfect bias will be always obtained.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DIRECT-ACTING Steam Pumps
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Nicholas Floyd at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th October 1875.
I, JOHN NICHOLAS FLOYD, of Handsworth, in the County of Stafford,
Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN DIRECT-ACTING Steam Pumps,” to be as follows:-
My Invention has reference to direct-acting steam pumps of the kind
known in commerce as "special" steam pumps. In the said pumps as
ordinarily constructed the slide valve of the steam cylinder is worked by
means of two tappet valves situated in the end covers of the steam
cylinder respectively. The tappets of the said tappet valves are parallel
to the piston of the steam cylinder, and the motion of the said valves is
consequently parallel to that of the steam piston.
The tappets of the tappet valves which project a short distance into
the cylinder are struck and forced outwards by the piston of the steam
cylinder as it approaches the end of its stroke in either direction. The
return motion of the tappet valves is produced by the pressure of the
steam on their outer faces.

page_text: In practice there are certain inconveniences both in the construction
and working of these tappet valves which it is the object of my Inven-
tion to remedy.
According to my Invention I place the tappet valve at each end of
the body of the cylinder in a position at right angles to that in which it
is placed in "special" steam pumps of the ordinary construction, that
is, the axis of the tappet valve is at right angles to the steam piston rod,
and its motion is consequently in a line at right angles to that in which
the said piston moves. I place the tappet valve in the steam inlet of
the cylinder, the said valve also passing through the exhaust port from
the plunger of the slide valve. The tappet valve is pressed to its seat
by its own weight and by the pressure of the steam passing through a
hole made in the plunger. The tappet in passing through the ports
described is supported by a conical lining or bearing in the steam
exhaust port. The point of the tappet is made of the figure of an
obtuse conc and the edge of the steam piston is bevelled to a similar
angle. The end of the tappet against which the piston strikes may be
made of a separate piece attached by screwing or otherwise, so as to
permit of removal for repair or replacement.
The seat of the tappet valve may be screwed into a bush so as to be
capable of adjustment as the point of the tappet wears. As the inclined
edge of the piston of the steam cylinder strikes against the conical end
of the tappet the valve is lifted and a rapid exhaustion and consequently
a prompt action of the plunger follows.
By my improvements the leakage which occasions much inconvenience
in tappet valves of the ordinary construction is prevented, the action is
more prompt, and the auxiliary steam port which is necessary in the
ordinary "special " steam pump is not required.
"
My Invention is applicable to " special steam pumps whether
working horizontally or vertically.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WHEELBARROWs
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by The Reverend Thomas Walter
Huthwaite at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 5th July 1875.
I, The Reverend THOMAS WALTER HUTHWAITE, of Backwell, Bristol,
in the County of Somerset, do hereby declare the nature of my said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WHEELBARROWs," to be as follows :—
My Invention relates to a wheelbarrow which is applicable to a variety
of purposes by the addition or removal of certain parts.
The body of the barrow consists of a frame having two longitudinal
side rods or bars, which enable it to be lifted by the hands when the
wheel is detached, and consequently of its being employed as a hand-
barrow, say for example, for lifting plants over a wall or similar purposes.
By adding however a bicylo wheel at one end and legs at the other (both
of which are removable at pleasure) it is converted into a wheelbarrow
for ordinary uses.
In order to facilitate the removal of the wheel the handles of the
hand-barrow are provided with spring eyes or clips, which form bearings

page_text: and may be opened to admit of the insertion of the shaft of the wheel,
and then close in order to secure the shaft in its place.
When the barrow is to be employed for removing flower pots and
similar articles it is proposed to fit a shallow tray into the bed or frame
of the barrow in order to prevent the articles from falling during
transit, the tray being attached by means of staples so as to be
removeable at pleasure.
When required for removing grass from the lawn or similar purposes,
a deeper tray may be substituted for the flower pot tray before
mentioned.
If a portmanteau, box, or other luggage is to be conveyed a
removable E piece of wood is attached in front of the wheel to prevent
the article from coming into contact with the latter.
ARRANGEMENTS APPLICABLE FOR THE SECURING AND FIRMLY HOLDING TOGETHER SHEETS OR LEAVES OF PAPER AND OTHER MATERIALS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Lock and George
Edwin Chapman at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 17th November 1875.
We, EDWARD LOCK and GEORGE EDWIN CHAPMAN, of Worship
Street, Finsbury, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED ARRANGEMENTS APPLICABLE
FOR THE SECURING AND FIRMLY HOLDING TOGETHER SHEETS OR LEAVES OF PAPER
AND OTHER MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object the easy and firmly securing together
or binding of papers, either manuscript or otherwise, whereby a person
is enabled to keep paper or papers, such as letters or loose sheets or
pieces, in a position that may be termed temporarily firmly bound, said
arrangements being applicable for purposes of binding one or any
number of sheets with the advantage of being able to add to or abstract
without injury any number of the sheets of manuscript or papers.
The arrangements we prefer to adopt consist in applying to a case,
cover, or board, and so forth, a piece of metal or other material which
is secured to the inner surface of one side of said case, cover, or board.

page_text: may
This piece of metal on either side or end turns and
up,
be hinged
or not, but so as when in position for binding to be at right angles or
nearly so to the said surface, said both ends of this piece being per-
forated with holes. The papers to be held are placed between these
pieces of metal, and to hold same in position a spring is so formed that
at each end projections are made which fit into the holes or openings
in the metal, so that on application one end is inserted in one of the
openings on one side or end, and by pressure the other end of the
spring is inserted in a corresponding hole on the opposite side or end,
such spring holding securely in position the said papers which the case
contains.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING AND DRESSING OR SIZING AND OTHERWISE PREPARING WARP YARNS, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Paton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th
November 1875.
I, GEORGE PATON, of the Firm of Paton, Cook, and Company, of
Glengarnock, in the County of Ayr, North Britain, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING AND
DRESSING OR SIZING AND OTHERWISE PREPARING WARP YARNS, AND IN APPARATUS
THEREFOR," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object the preparing of yarns for warps in
an improved and very economical manner, including the dyeing and
dressing or sizing of the yarns; the improvements avoiding defects in
the completed warps and yielding superior colors.
In carrying out the Invention the yarns in the form of the four (or
other convenient number of) chains for composing one warp are passed,
all four chains together, through a vat in which the dyeing liquid and
ingredients are combined, or mixed with the starch or other dressing or
sizing material. The dye vat is placed close to a fixed frame fitted with
a pair of squeezing rollers, through which the yarn chains are drawn on

page_text: leaving the vat. The dye vat is made movable on wheels or otherwise
to admit of one being easily changed for another, either when treating
different lots of yarn, or when the same lot of yarn has to pass twice or
oftener through dyeing or mordanting processes, in which latter case
the starch or other dressing or sizing material, is by preference,
combined in the last of the dye vats. From the squeezing rollers the
yarns, still in the form of chains, are passed over a set of steam drying
cans, and after being dried are led, if necessary, back through the same
or a different dye vat, and afterwards over the drying cans again. On
finally leaving the drying cans the four chains are separated, and led to
and wound on four warping beams arranged to be actuated simultaneously
and uniformly. The four beams rest on and are driven by drums on a
lower horizontal shaft, which is itself driven through a frictional
coupling, which can be adjusted to impart more or less tensional strain
to the yarns; and to ensure the equal movement of all four beams they
are connected to each other by intermediate couplings, which can be
easily disconnected when taking the beams away from the framing.
The yarns of each chain are passed through an adjustable ravel or
expansible comb on their way to the beam, the ravel being set to spread
the yarns to the full width between the end discs of the beam, and
between the ravel and the beam they pass over a smooth cylindrical or
curved surface, whereby the individual threads which pass in sets
between the teeth of the ravel are further spread out. The four beams
are finally placed together in a machine in which the yarns of all four
are combined into one warp and beamed ready for the loom. This
beaming machine comprises well known parts, but uncombined as is
generally the case with dressing or sizing apparatus and a large steam
heated drying cylinder.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING AND LOWERING WEIGHTS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Seraphicus Francis Pichler
and Edward Vincent Gardner at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 24th December 1875.
We, SERAPHICus Francis Pichler, of Great Portland Street, in the
County of Middlesex, and EDWARD VINCENT GARDNER, of Berners'
College, Berners Street, in the said County, Professor of Chemistry, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING AND LOWERING WEIGHTS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in certain improvements in the construction
and arrangement of mechanism, whereby weights can be raised and
lowered with great facility, the same being also applicable to the
construction of fire escapes, and to the arrangement of illusory effects
suitable for public exhibitions. A box or receptacle is provided, within
which are mounted in suitable bearings two rollers or drums, the same
being placed in the same plane and in juxtaposition to each other, and
having respectively a spur wheel attached thereto, such spur wheels
gearing into one another. To each of the said rollers or drums a rope or
chain is attached and wound round the same, the unattached end of one

page_text: rope or chain passing through an aperture in the upper part of the box
or receptacle and being secured at the point to which it is desired the
weight shall be elevated, whilst the unattached end of the rope or chain
which is wound upon the other roller or drum passes through an
aperture in the lower side of the box or receptacle, and is secured at the
point to which it is intended the weight shall descend. Upon pressure
being exerted upon the rope which descend's towards the lower point of
attachment, the same is unwound from its roller or drum, the other
roller or drum being caused to rotate in a contrary direction by the
action of the spur wheels, and the rope attached thereto being wound
thereon, the box or receptacle and any weight or body which may be
connected therewith being thus carried upwards. Upon the pressure
which has been exerted upon the rope as before mentioned being
removed the box or receptacle and the weight connected therewith will
descend by reason of their gravity.
n
Instead of two rollers or drums being employed a differential
will he well
AN IMPROVED PORTABLE LIGHT HOLDER PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE FOR READING IN RAILWAY AND OTHER CARRIAGES AND ELSEWHERE
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joe Joseph at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
November 1875.
I, JOE JOSEPH, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,. Merchant,
do hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
PORTABLE LIGHT HOLDER PARTICULARLY APPLICABLE FOR READING IN RAILWAY
AND OTHER CARRIAGES AND ELSEWHERE," to be as follows (that is to say) :—
My improved portable light holder consists of a tube of suitable size
having a fixed or portable bottom; if portable I use a fixed contracted
nozzle or cap at the top of the tube, so that the candle which affords the
light may be put up from the bottom, as also the hellical spring for
elevating the candle to the nozzle as it progressively burns, or the
nozzle may be made detachable, in which case the bottom of the tube is
made a fixture.
On one side of the tube near the nozzle or top I provide means for
portably receiving a small reflector, and on the opposite side of the

page_text: tube near the bottom I apply a forked clip, which may be made
permanent or portable by uniting the clip to a short length of tube,
which may be adjusted to slide on the exterior of the tube holding the
candle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DRESSING CASES AND OTHER BOXES OR CASES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Perkins and James
Clark at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 11th September 1875.
Wc, SAMUEL PERKINS and JAMES CLARK, both of Gerrard Street,
Soho, in the County of Middlesex, Manufacturers, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DRESSING CASES
AND OTHER BOXES OR CASES," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to those cases or boxes in which by the fact of
raising the lid a front flap is lowered, and a wing at each side (or it may
be at one side only) is opened, while as the lid is being shut the front
flap rises and the wings close; and our Invention consists in an
improved and simple arrangement of mechanism for producing the
lowering and raising of the front flap and the opening and closing of the
wings as above mentioned.
Our mechanism is arranged as follows:-At each side of the lid we
fix the upper end of a quadrant, the lower end of which carries a pin
or projection which works in a vertical guide in the side of the box.
To this pin we attach the upper end of a rod, the lower end of which is

page_text: jointed to one arm of a bell crank centred on a stud in the side of the
case. To the other arm of this bell crank is jointed the inner end of a
horizontal rod, which extends along the bottom of the case to the front
flap, which has a lug or eye to which the said rod is jointed.
At a
certain position corresponding with the pivot of the side wing the hori
zontal rod carries a vertical pin which works in a slotted arm standing
out from a vertical rod or pintle on which the wing is fixed.
=
Such being the arrangement of the parts the action is as follows:-
On opening the lid the vertical rod first mentioned draws up its arm of
the bell crank, thereby moving the other arm forwards together with
the horizontal rod, which consequently causes the front flap to lower.
The vertical pin on the horizontal rod at the same time moves round the
slotted arm on the pintle and thus opens the wing. On again closing
the lid the reverse action takes place.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PITMAN OF CONNECTING ROD BEARINGS FOR HARVESTING AND OTHER MACHINES
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Robert Lake, of the Firm of Haseltine,
Lake, & Co., Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PITMAN OF CONNECTING ROD
BEARINGS FOR HARVESTING AND OTHER MACHINES."-A communication
from abroad by George W. Harrison, of Lausing, Michigan,
United States of States of America.
Sealed the 21st September 1875, and dated the 5th August 1875.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said William Robert Lake at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition
and Declaration, on the 5th August 1875, pursuant to the 9th Section
of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London, send greeting.
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS

page_text: a reaping machine; Figure 2 is a horizontal section of the box and
bearings, the pitman and cutter bar being shewn in plan; and Figure 3
is a perspective view of one of the bearings.
A represents the bar of a machine to which motion is communicated;
in the present case it is the cutter bar of a harvesting machine, but may
be understood to represent the part of any other machine intended to
receive motion from the pitman; B is the box, which in this instance is
a tube or cylindrical pipe having female screws cut in the ends to receive
the heads C, C, which have a male screw cut on them, so that they may
be screwed into the ends of the box. In the chamber between the
heads C, C, are blocks D, D, of india-rubber, fitting the tubes, and having
holes or recesses to receive projections on the back of the composition
boxcs E, E, that form bearings for the journal F¹ of the pitman F,
which in the case shown is made convex, as seen in section, to hold the
pitman and box together. Washers are also shown placed between the
heads and the elastic blocks, of which such number may be introduced
as will keep the bearings snugly fitted to the journal.

page_text: Having thus fully described the said Invention as communicated to
me by my foreign correspondent and the manner of performing the
same, I wish it understood that I do not claim broadly the use of an
elactic bearing, but I claim, the combination with the pitman F of the
tubular box B, with heads C, C, journal bearings E, E, and india-rubber
blocks D, D, as above set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Robert Lake, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Fifth day of August, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-
five.
Witness,
JAMES EDWARDS,
8, Southampton Buildings,
London.
W. ROBT. LAKE. (L.S.)
IMPROVED MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR TREATING TIN PLATE SCRAPS OR CLIPPINGS, AND WASTE ARTICLES MADE OF TIN PLATE, SUCH AS MEAT TINS AND THE LIKE.
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederick George Morton, of No. 16, Lynton
Street, Bermondsey, in the County of Surrey, Engineer, for the
Invention of "IMPROVED MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR TREATING TIN
PLATE SCRAPS OR CLIPPINGS, AND WASTE ARTICLES MADE OF TIN PLATE, SUCH
AS MEAT TINS AND THE LIKE.
"
Sealed the 16th October 1875, and dated the 22nd April 1875.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederick George Morton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 22nd April 1875.
I, FREDERICK GEORGE MORTON, of No. 16, Lynton Street, Bermondsey,
5 in the County of Surrey, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVED MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR TREATING TIN
PLATE SCRAPS OR CLIPPINGS, AND WASTE ARTICLES MADE OF TIN PLATE, SUCH AS
MEAT TINS AND THE LIKE," to be as follows:-
This Invention is designed to afford a ready and economical means of

page_text: utilizing tin plate scraps and clippings, and waste articles made of tin
plate, such as Australian and other meat and preserved fruit tins, and
the like. I utilize such scraps, clippings, and waste articles by separating
the tin, solder, and lead from the iron, so that the tin, the solder, and
the iron are rendered available for use.
For the purpose of separating the tin, solder, and lead from the iron
I subject the tin plate scraps, clippings, and waste articles of tin plate
to the action of heat, the temperature being such as to melt the tin,
solder, and lead without burning the same or melting the iron. I have
found that a temperature of between 500 and 600 degrees Fahrenheit
answers the purpose. This process of separation is effected in a suitable
chamber, in which provision is made for the melted metal to leave the
iron. I use a reverberatory furnace having a receptacle formed in its
bed, over which receptacle I arrange bars or a perforated false bottom
upon which the materials to be operated upon are placed, so that the
heated products of combustion from the fire-place of the furnace are
reverberated on to the materials, the tin, solder, and lead being thus
melted and caused to run off the iron through the spaces or holes in the
false bottom, and to accumulate in the receptacle already mentioned.
Having thus removed the tin, solder, and lead from the iron I then
further treat the iron plates by means of muriatic acid, allowing them
to drain, and finally I wash them in an alkaline bath or in water.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COPYING PENCILS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank Wirth at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th April.
1875. A communication from Gustav Swanhausser, of the Firm
of Schwanhausser, late Grossberger & Kurz, residing at Nurnberg, in
the Empire of Germany.
1
I, FRANK WIRTH, of the Firm of Wirth and Company, Patent Agency,
of Frankfort on the Main, in the Empire of Germany, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for " IMPROVEMENTS IN COPYING PENCILS," a
communication, to be as follows:-
Since a long time I have had the idea to produce an ink pencil that
would give a real ink copy, and be an equivalent for liquid inks and
pen.
The violet ink pencils which have been invented by a certain Jacobson
at Berlin for their deficiencies do not merit this name
The violet copy
thereof is only the impress of an aniline color, which, as it is known, easily
bleaches before the light.
Jacobsen's pencil is composed of methylene violet, graphite and
tragacanth gum, and if it had not the graphite addition, even the original
writing would disappear before the light.

page_text: cheap manner of production will find an extraordinary dissemination and
the most various application.
Besides its capacity to give a copy of all written with itself on any
paper by the known manipulation, the universal pencil writes upon
every kind of paper, even upon the smoothest, moistened with some 5
water, or only with the tongue, a raven black solid ink writing penetrating
instantly so deep in the paper that after some hours it cannot be wiped
away with water.
The writing is instantly so dry that the paper can be immediately
folded without wanting blotting paper or sand.
Corrodent alkalies prove themselves indifferent against the writing by
thinned sulphuric acid. It obtains a light reddish color without losing its
intensity. Oxalato; the enemy of the gallic inks, is likewise indifferent, so
that the pencil recommends itself also for documents of all kinds.
IMPROVEMENTS IN METALLIC BOXES FOR HOLDING METALLIC PENS AND OTHER SMALL ARTICLES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Maurice Myers at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
February 1875.
I, MAURICE MYERS, of the Firm of M. Myers and Son, of Birmingham,
in the County of Warwick, Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN METALLIC BOXES FOR HOLDING
METALLIC PENS AND OTHER SMALL ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
My Invention has reference to such metallic boxes as have hinged lids,
the said lids being hinged to the end of the box, that is, to one of its
shorter sides, and my said Invention consists of the arrangements of
parts herein-after described, whereby the lid, when shut down, is fixed
in its closed position with a security unattainable by the ordinary
methods of fastening.
The box proper may either be oblong, circular, or polygonal in cross
section, or generally of any tubular figure, on which an outer case can
conveniently slide.
The lid and the box are of the same size and figure, so that when the
hinged lid is shut down it sides constitute a continuation of the sides of

page_text: the box. Upon the said box and closely fitting it is an outer case or
slide of the same figure as the box, but somewhat longer and larger.
When the lid of the box is shut down, and the said slide pressed so as
to cause it to advance over the sides of the lid the said lid can no longer
turn upon its hinge and is firmly fixed in its closed position. By
drawing down the outer case or slide so as to withdraw it from off the
lid the lid can be readily turned on its hinge for opening the box. The
outer case or slide is secured on the box proper by means of a short case
surrounding the outer case or slide described. The said short case
consists of a band of metal surrounding and lying close upon the sliding
case, the said band of metal being connected to the box proper by a
short pin passing through a slot in the outer sliding case.
Instead of employing the sliding case and outer band the sliding case
may be dispensed with and a band of sheet metal made to slide on the
box. By raising this band of metal so as to cover the sides of the
hinged lid, the said lid is fixed down in a way essentially the same as
that first described. The said band of metal has a breadth greater than
the depth of the lid, so that in its raised position it covers the sides of
the lid without passing off the box itself.
The downward motion of the said band is limited by any convenient
kind of stop.
Im- PROVED APPARATUS FOR PLAYING THE GAME OF QUOITS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alfred Henry Cramp at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th November 1875.
I, ALFRED HENRY CRAMP, of the City and State of New York,
United States of America, now of No. 8, Southampton Buildings,
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVED APPARATUS FOR PLAYING THE GAME OF QUOITS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to novel apparatus for playing quoits, and
which permits the game to be played without danger or inconvenience
in a drawing room, parlour, nursery, or other furnished room or apart-
ment, or upon a lawn, or in other places where it is not safe or con-
venient to play with ordinary quoits.
.
The said apparatus consists of the required number of quoits made as
herein-after described, a board or slab provided with holes and pegs to
which the quoits are to be thrown in playing the game, and devices for
securing the said board or slab upon the floor or ground upon which the
game is to be played.

page_text: My improved quoits are made as follows:- -I take leather, india-
rubber, or other suitable material, and form the same into tubes which
are secured at the sides by stitching or otherwise. Into these tubes I
introduce sand or other material of like nature, or any substance which
will give the quoits the required weight without making them elastic
or injuriously or dangerously hard. These tubes are formed into rings
of the required size, and may then be handled and thrown to any
.necessary distance like ordinary quoits. Being filled with sand or other
soft non-elastic, material they will fall without injury upon a carpet or
other floor, they will not injure any furniture against which they may
accidentally be thrown, and they will not rebound, but will lie exactly
in the position in which they fall.
The aforesaid board or slab may be made of any well seasoned wood,
or of other suitable substance. It has in it holes (preferably four)
somewhat larger in diameter than the quoits, and into which the latter
are to be thrown in playing the game. The said board or slab is also
provided with two or more vertical pegs which are also designed to serve
as marks for the quoits to be thrown at. When the game is played
indoors I use pegs which are simply inserted in holes in the board, but
when the game is played on a lawn some of the pegs have sharp pointed
ends which pass through the said board into the ground and hold the
board firmly thereon.
To keep the said board in place in a room in the desired proximity to
one of the walls, without being too near the same, I fix in the rear edge
of the board two distance rods which abut against the wall and keep the
said board in the axact position required.
The aforesaid quoits as well as the board and pegs may be coloured or
otherwise ornamented or finished in any desired style or fashion.
The game may be played according to rules furnished with the said
apparatus, or in any other desired manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FACILITATING THE TAMPING OR ADJUSTMENT OF THE RAILS OF RAILWAYS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Haskins Ladd at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 3rd
July 1875. A communication from abroad by Alfred Dewing
Fox, of Prescott, in the County of Grenville, in the Dominion of
Canada.
I, JOHN HASKINS LADD, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Machinery Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FACILITATING THE TAMPING OR ADJUSTMENT
OF THE RAILS OF RAILWAYS," to be as follows:-
The Invention relates to the adjustment of the levels of portions of
lines of railway, as ordinarily performed by "plate layers." In such
operations parts of the rails are raised and sustained whilst earth or
"ballast" is introduced below the sleeper, and the said apparatus is
designed to effect the raising and sustainment of the rail.
In the said apparatus a screw working in a nut is fitted with a hook
or with hooks, which is or are hinged and fitted to swivel on the end of
the screw. The said nut is mounted in the top of a tripod, the
connection forming a ball-and-socket joint, pins entering cavitics in the

page_text: ball to prevent the same from rotating when the screw is turned. The
legs of the tripod are preferably jointed to the head of the tripod, the
connections forming "butt joints." The lower ends of the said legs are
provided or formed with feet, which are preferably corrugated and which
lessen the tendency of the said legs to sink into the ground.
When a rail is to be raised the apparatus is placed in position with the
hook or hooks below the rail or gripping the top thereof, and the screw
is turned by means of the tamping tool or of a bar, or by means of a
handle if the screw is provided, therewith.
IMPROVEMENTS IN IRON SAFES, BOLTS OR FASTENINGS FOR THE SAME, PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederic Niblett at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th April
1875.
I, FREDERIC NIBLETT, of the Parish of Hammersmith, London, County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN IRON SAFES, BOLTS OR FASTENINGS FOR THE SAME, PART OF
WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE FOR OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
The principal object of my Invention is to make iron safes, strong
rooms, and other receptacles of valuable property, more secure against
wedges and other appliances as used by thieves.
I form the frame of iron safes on an entirely new plan, by making the
corners of solid cubes, having on three faces of each cube three or more
holes drilled or cut to receive bolts and steady pins, and solid double
clutch angle bars (which have bolts and steady pins turned on the ends
to be inserted into the aforesaid cubes) to form the remainder of the
frame.

page_text: The plates (forming all the sides, top, bottom, and door, are grooved
on the inner side to receive the clutches on the angle bars) are dropped
in and securely rivetted to the solid frame, and the safe presents a smooth
even surface, thus preventing wedges being used as the edges of all the
plates or sides of the safe are entirely covered.
The doors are somewhat smaller than in ordinary safes, thus adding to
their strength.
On the front angle bars I increase the thickness of the clutches at
intervals, and make corresponding sinks or holes in the door to shut on
to them, thus adding considerably to the impossibility of inserting a 1
wedge.
I also use dogs fastened on the inner side of door, and which shutting
through the frame are securely held by clutch bolts acted upon by the
large bolts of safe, thrown by the handle, and which when turned for
opening the safe let free the clutch bolts at the same moment.
I also strengthen lock plates by adding a second plate an inch (more
or less) apart; solid pins are screwed, rivetted, or welded into door plate
between the two lock plates which are also rivetted or otherwise fastened
to the door.
1
I also make safes from onc plate of iron, which for part of its width is 2
rolled of double thickness, and forms when cut to shape and bent up the
back and sides, the top and bottom is formed by the two half thicknesses
overlapping each other and welded or rivetted together, the whole
strengthened by bands on the outside and angle iron inside.
By this mode of construction there is no joint at any of the angles or 2
odges for insertion of wedges.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS FOR LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES AND IN SIMILAR TUBULAR BOILERS
Year: 1875

page_text: •
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Clark at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
September 1875.
I, WILLIAM CLARK, of Dunfermline, in the County of Fife, North
Britain, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS FOR LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES AND IN SIMILAR
TUBULAR BOILERS," to be as follows:-
"
The object of my present Invention is to increase the evaporative
qualities of the boilers of locomotive engines, and of other similarly
constructed boilers, and to utilize the waste heat by drying or super-
heating the steam therewith as the said steam passes on to the cylinders
of the engine. Also to prevent the fracture of the fire-box stays due to
the unequal expansion of the sides of the fire-box and the shell of the
boiler.
In carrying out my said Invention in practice I fit a dome to the
shell of the boiler over the crown of the fire-box. I connect the cover
on the upper end of the dome and the said crown of the fire box by a
.

page_text: number of tubes; these tubes are fitted into both the plates -in such a
manner that the beat from the fire shall enter the said tubes, thus
increasing the heating surface of the boiler. I surround the said tubės
with a jacket and fill it with water, either by so. fitting the feed pipe as to
-discharge its water into the said jacket, or by means of a pump arranged
and fixed for the purpose, so that the tubes shall give off-their-heat-to-
evaporate the water in the said jacket. The said jacket does not quite
reach to the top of the said dome in order to allow of the escape of the
steam generated in the said jacket into the boiler. The said tubes may
be wholly or partially closed at their top ends by a baffle plate or by
plugs to regulate the heat passing through them. The said tubes also
servo to support the crown of the fire-box instead of the iron bars
usually provided for that purpose. I support the remaining part of the
crown of the fire-box by bolts or stays screwed into the gusset stays or
stay brackets fixed for the purpose. I also fix a similar dome or
cylinder in the smoke box of the engine, which dome is fitted with tubes
through which the hot air and gases pass on their way from the tubes
in the barrel or body of the boiler to their exit by the chimney.
I conduct the steam from the boiler into the said cylinder, and by means
of a diaphragm fixed therein I lead the steam up one side and down the
other side of the said cylinder, so as to dry or superheat the steam
before it passes to the cylinders of the engine. The said cylinder or
dome has a tube of larger diameter up its centro for the passage of the
steam from the exhaust pipe to the chimney.

page_text: As the steam in its treatment in the said cylinder or dome attains a
higher temperature than usual I use a lubricant competent to bear such
increased temperature composed of solid paraffin, with or without the
addition thereto of tallow, resin, or glycerine, to lubricate the surfaces
required to be so treated, and upon which the steam acts.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING AND PRODUCING SHOW CARDS, TABLETS, AND SIMILAR ARTICLES
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Manning at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
28th September 1875.
I, JOHN MANNING, of Baldwin's Gardens, Gray's Inn Lane, Holborn,
in the County of Middlesex, Lithographic Printer, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING AND
PRODUCING SHOW CARDS, TABLETS, AND SIMILAR ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in printing and producing show cards,
tablets, and similar articles, consists,―
Firstly. Of printing show cards, tablets, and such other articles in
several colours from one stone.
Secondly. Of embossing designs on lithographic stones without using
the embossing plates ordinarily employed.
The process of producing these cards, tablets, and other such articles,
is as follows:-Pieces of tinfoil and card are placed on a cardboard
which is then to be well rolled; the design is then to be drawn on the stone
filling up the parts wanted to be embossed, then cover with Brunswick

page_text: black, and when dry a bank of wax is made round the drawing; then
nitric acid diluted with water is employed until the stone is bitten
sufficiently deep; then the work is polished off with snake stone leaving
the face of the stone quite clean; then there is added what work is
required on the face with litho ink and cover it with gum; when dry a ♬
retransfer roller is to be passed over the face of the stone and the work
will be restored; the stone is then to be placed in an ordinary litho press
and printed in the ordinary way, the design may be bronzed in the usual
manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND IN MEANS FOR MARKING OR SETTING OUT CARPENTRY AND JOINERS' WORE
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Stafford and Robert
Lees Hilton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents with
their Petition, on the 15th July 1875.
We, THOMAS STAFFORD and ROBERT LEES HILTON, both of Newton,
in the County of Chester, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND IN MEANS FOR
MARKING OR SETTING OUT CARPENTRY AND JOINERS' WORE," to be as follows :-
Our Invention relates to the process of marking or setting out joiners'
'and carpenters' work and woodwork generally, that is to say, to the
process of marking the sizes and positions of dovetails, mortices, and
tanons, and of otherwise making marks on timber for the guidance of
the operator. Previously to our Invention each mark has ordinarily
been separately made by hand.
The object of our Invention is to produce all the marks by one
operation or by one revolution or reciprocation of a roller, or of a part
upon which the scribers or markers are fixed.
In one arrangement we employ a grooved roller revolving in a suitable

page_text: treddle. A bar or staff in which are fixed scribers at distances apart
corresponding to the required marking is fitted to be fixed in the groove
in the said roller, as for example the said groove may be of a dovetail
form and the bar be slid into the groove. An adjustable stop or two or
more adjustable stops is or are mounted on a rail or table, which is
attached to the framing or which constitutes a part thereof. The work
to be set out, say for example, the style of a door being placed on the
said rail or table in contact with a stop, and within the range of the
scribers carried by the roller which is caused to revolve, is simultaneously
acted upon by all the scribers. The setting out may thus be effected
with great rapidity and uniformity.
The scribers may be fixed or formed in or on blocks which are
arranged to slide in the groove in the roller, and to be fixed in any
desired position if this arrangement be preferred, and more than one
groove may be formed in the rollers, or a rail, bar, or frame may be
substituted for the cylindrical roller. The roller or the rail, bar, or frame
may be caused to rock to and fro on its axis, or a rail, bar, frame or
carriage carrying the scribers may be caused to reciprocate to and fro
in a straight or curved line by the action of cranks and connecting links
or of other appliances.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OIL LAMPS
Year: 1875

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Wright Shaw at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th June 1875:
:
I, THOMAS WRIGHT SHAW, of Edinburgh, in the County of Mid-
Lothian, North Britain, Railway Signalman, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OIL LAMPS," to be as follows,
that is to say :—
This Invention which relates to improvements in oil lamps has for its
objects to effect economy in oil and to maintain a clear and brilliant
light. The Invention is specially adapted to railway carriage and ship's
lamps and permits the free use of paraffin oil therein, and it consists in
the employment of a feed pipe made in two portions and in the form of
a syphon. The lower end of one portion is screwed or otherwise attached
to the bottom of the oil tank at any convenient point, and curving
upwards terminates in a cavity provided for its reception situate at the
top of the tank. Immediately opposite to the upper end of the said
portion and in close proximity thereto is the upper end of the other
portion of the pipe, whose lower extremity leads to the fountain of the

page_text: burner, so that communication between the tank and the burner is
interrupted by the division of the pipe at the upper side of the tank.
In order that the oil may pass this division two or more cotton or
other fibrous threads are laid in the feed pipe, having their upper ends
immersed in the oil in the portion of the pipe fixed to and communi- 5
cating with the tank and their lower ends in the fountain of the lamp
below the burner. The oil thus passes along the threads to the fountain,
whence it is taken up by the wick in the usual manner.
The waste of oil arising from overflow attendant upon unbroken
communication between the tank and the burner through one or more 1
entire feed pipes as hitherto practised is under this Invention obviated,
as the passage of the oil is very slow when the wick is not ignited.
Irregular feeding of oil to the wick whereby an unsteady light is
given out is also obviated, the feed being regular and varying in
accordance with the intensity of the flame, whereby a steady and
brilliant light is maintained and economy in oil effected. As a conse-
quence of no overflow occurring paraffin oil may be used in the lamp,
and the burner is so constructed that sufficient draught is maintained to
enable the ordinary glass chimney to be dispensed with if desired.