IMPROVED MEANS FOR INCREASING THE DRAUGHT IN CHIMNIES WHICH MEANS MAY BE USED TO REPLACE THE STEAM INJECTOR NOW USED ON LOCOMOTIVE PORTABLE AND OTHER ENGINES AND FOR FACILITATING THE WITHDRAWAL OF AIR BY VENTILATING SHAFTS
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Paul Ambroise Bayle of 29, rue de Chateaudun, Paris
for an Invention of IMPROVED MEANS FOR INCREASING THE DRAUGHT IN
CHIMNIES WHICH MEANS MAY BE USED TO REPLACE THE STEAM INJECTOR
NOW USED ON LOCOMOTIVE PORTABLE AND OTHER ENGINES AND FOR
FACILITATING THE WITHDRAWAL OF AIR BY VENTILATING SHAFTS.”
>>
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Paul Ambroise Bayle at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd November 1882.
PAUL AMBROISE BAYLE of 29 Rue de Chateaudun Paris "IMPROVED MEANS
FOR INCREASING THE DRAUGHT IN CHIMNIES, WHICH MEANS MAY BE USED TO
REPLACE THE STEAM INJECTOR, NOW USED ON LOCOMOTIVE PORTABLE AND OTHER
ENGINES AND FOR FACILITATING THE WITHDRAWAL OF AIR BY VENTILATING
SHAFTS"
In order to increase the draught in Chimnies and to replace in Locomotive Portable
and other Engines the Steam Injector in the Chimnies heretofore used I provide
the Chimney with an automatic Injector of warm air. This I effect in the following
manner I line the sides of the Chimney with a series of vertical metal tubes of
variable length which may in some cases be slightly drawn together at their upper
extremity.
They start from about the bottom of the Chimney where they each communicato
by an elbow bend with the exterior air and terminate at various distances from
the top of the Chimney. They may also be made to start from the smoke box of
the locomotive Portable or other Engine or from other part of the boiler furnace or
out of the furnace. Two or more such sets of pipes can also be introduced into
the Chimney at different elevations or stages.
The tubes may be pierced with holes inclining upwards to allow the Smoke to
draw up the air of the tubes
In place of a series of tubes lining the sides of a Chimney a single tube or series
of tubes might be made to rise up in the centre of the Chimney.
The action is as follows:
The Smoke and the gases coming from the fire rise into the chimney past the
tubes which line it and in their rapid ascent draw in air through the oblique boles
[Price 1

page_text: mentioned above which are formed in these tubes just in the same way as water
descending the vertical tube of a Catalan forge draws in the exterior air and
produces an air blast. A part of the air drawn in penetrates into the smoke and
gasses with a sufficient pressure to divide them and render them lighter.
The principal mass of the smoko and gasses continues its ascent receiving at each
hole a new impulse being forced higher besides from below by the atmospheric
pressure upon the lower opening of the tubes and by the expansion of the gasses.
At the top of the series of tubes a column of heated air contained in them
escapes with violence into the midst of the smoke and gases in the Chimney
thereby rendering them lighter and expediting their escape from the Chimney so
producing an energetic draught under the bars.
The draught produced by my system under the fires of locomotive and marine
engines may be made still more energetic by making the air inlets into the lower
ends of the tubes above mentioned to face in the direction in which the engine is
travelling.
In locomotive and marine engines in order to utilize the pressure of the running
I can place my holes for entrance of air in the opposite direction of the running
and before allowing the tubes to open into the Chimney, The tubes also can be
made to pass through the boiler and to traverse the boiler tubes one or more times
before entering the chimney.
A Chimney furnished with a set or sets of air inlet tubes as above described can
be made to act as a ventilator and will draw in air at the air inlets into the tubes
so that the air from a room may be withdrawn and discharged together with tho
products of combustion coming from a fire place gas jets or other means of warming.
This system being very simple and very economical should render great service
in silk spinning and in calico printing by driving out without opening doors or
windows clouds of steam so prejudicial to the health and to the work of the
workman. It will apply also very usefully in foundries meeting rooms theatres
and other places.
-
In many cases to maintain in my Chimney an elevated temperature I envelope
them in a second tube and I fill the intervening space with non conducting
material.
My automatic system of warm air injector into the Chimney above described
has for its advantages.
First to increase the draught of the Chimney.
Second To burn the fuel the better with small surface of fire bars whilst pro-
tecting the bars.
Third. To increase the production of steam.
Fourth. To allow of a considerable reduction of the weight of marine engines.
Fifth. To replace in locomotives and traction engines the injection of steam into
the Chimney from which results an economy of fire bars and of fuel.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Paul Ambroise Bayle in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
15th February 1883.
PAUL AMBROISE BAYLE of 29 rue de Chateaudun Paris "IMPROVED MEANS
FOR INCREASING THE DRAUGHT IN CHIMNIES WHICH MEANS MAY BE USED TO
REPLACE THE STEAM INJECTOR NOW USED ON LOCOMOTIVE PORTABLE AND OTHER
ENGINES AND FOR FACILITATING THE WITHDRAWAL OF AIR BY VENTILATING
SHAFTS
"
This Invention has for its object improved means for increasing the draught in
chimnies which means may be used to replace the steam injector now used on
locomotive portable and other engines and for facilitating the withdrawal of air
by ventilating shafts.
My new system of chimney will increase the combustion in every kind of grate,
fire place furnace etc, and will replace the jet of steam now used in locomotive
traction and other engines-and may moreover be employed as a ventilator
facilitating the escape of vitiated air and gas.
My invention is based on the principle of the blast in the Catalan forges and on
the law which brings about the increased flow of air under the influence of a
current, which in the present case, consists of the upward current of the smoke or
gases; on the special properties of the divergent convergent ajutage, and on the
effect of heat in expanding gas.
The object is to quicken the ascent of the smoke and heavy gases in the chimney
and to produce in consequence a greater draught in the grate or furnace.
I obtain this result by the following arrangement.
The chimney A. B. Figures 1 and 2 is lined interiorly with metal tubes t, t, which
may vary in form and number, open at both ends but slightly decreasing in size or
terminating in a cone at their upper extremity, in o" These tubes vary in diameter
and length according to circumstances. They start from the bottom of the
chimney Figure 1 communicating by an angle with the exterior air at o. They
may also in other cases begin from the smoke box in which for the purpose
openings are made as in Figures 6, or again their point of departure may be placed
in any other part of the chimney or of the boiler.
I can also establish several intakes for air one above another in the chimney in
ranges, as in Figures 4 and 8, either communicating with separate tubes or at two
or more points in the height of the same tube as in Figure 4
I can also make these air intakes in the form of a conical convergent divergent
ajutage Figure 5. The use of this adjutage increases considerably the initial velocity
of the air passing in.
The tubes are pierced at one or many points of their length with slits or' holes
opening into the smoke of the chimney.
In place of a series of tubes arranged round the walls of the chimney, I can put
one or more air tubes in the middle of the chimney.
Further, instead of straight tubes I can use tubes curved in one or several places
in their length as indicated in Figures 3 and 4. This arrangement which reminds
one of that of Venturi's tube (cone divergent convergent) increases the draft of
atmospheric air in the tubes owing to the suction created thereby at the narrowed
part of the chimney where there are slits o¹ Figures 3 and 4. The volume and
velocity of the air are thus considerably enhanced.
Finally and this is the most important point of my invention I can give to the
chimney itself the form of a conical convergent divergent tube Figure 10, which

page_text: increases still further the impulsion of the smoke and of the atmospheric air-when
used with inlet air tubes. The conical convergent divergent funnel may alone
suffice in certain cases, for instance when placed at the top of shafts of domestic
chimnies, but the addition of the air tubes as in Figure 11 always developos
considerably the special properties of this ajutage Figure 11.
After this explanation I proceed to describe what takes place during the
combustion.
The smoke and gases from the furnace ascend in the chimney in contact with
the air tubes which line it, and in their upward movement draw up the air con-
tained in these tubes through the slits or holes above referred to, just as the water
in the Catalan forges descending in the vertical tube impels the exterior air and
in passing draws it in by the oblique hole existing in these tubes. In the case of
my system, a part of the air drawn in, penetrates the smoke and gases at such
a pressure as to divide and render them lighter. The main mass of air continues
its upward movement receiving at each slit a new impulse.
It is accelerated morcover by the atmospheric pressure acting at o, Figure 1, on
the lower opening of the tubes. On arriving at the outlet at o the column of
beated air drawn or sucked up by the current of the smoke, forced upward by the
atmospheric pressure and compressed owing to its expansion, escaping with violence
by the conical extremity of the tube amidst the smoke and gases which have been
already rendered much lighter, carries them off rapidly and produces as a direct
consequence an energic draught in the furnace.
The draught produced by my system in the furnaces of locomotives and marine
boilers is still stronger than that indicated above, for it is aided by the speed of
the running, my air intakes being faced in the direction in which the engine is
travelling. In the case of locomotives and marine engines, before the tubes issue
into the chimney. I can make them to pass through the body of the boiler by
some of the interior tubes as seen in Figures 7. The air entering for instance at a
by the side of the smoke box, follows the tube a. b. returns-from-b-to c. and
continuing its course escapes at d.
A system of valves is established in connection with the apparatus which may
be used to regulate the entrance of the air and so reduce the draught when
required.
A chimney furnished with my apparatus as shewn in Figures 3. 4. 8. 9 and 10.
can be used as a ventilator for getting rid of vitiated air and gas.
It is in fact easy to understand that a tube a hollow column or any sort of
chimney, whatever heated by a braiser, gas burner, a jet of steam or by any other
means and arranged as in Figures 8 will draw in by the intake holes o. o. 0.
placed one above another the bad air of the room in which it is placed and will
evacuate it into the outer atmosphere together with the products of combustion
from the brasier, gas burner &°.
This system of ventilation which is at the same time both extremely simple
and cheap will be of the greatest use in silk spinning factories and cotton mills to
get rid of the damp steam that is so prejudicial to the health and working of the
hands. It may also be applied with great advantage in foundries, lecturo rooms,
hospitals &
In many cases in order to maintain a sufficiently high temperature in chimnies
furnised with my apparatus, in despite of the amount of cold air introduced, I
envelope them, with a second tube and protect them with some non-conducting
composition.
My system can be applied to every kind of chimney without exception and can
be adapted at the bottom in the middle or at the top of the same.
Its principle advantages are
1°. To produce a strong draught in even the shortest chimnies.
2. To burn the combustible more completely.
3. To increase the production of steam and thus permit of a reduction in the
weight and size of boilers in general and marine boilers in particular.

page_text: 4°. To effect cheaply and efficaciously the ventilation of a room or enclosed
spaces, by drawing off, the vitiated gas and air.
5°. To replace the jet of steam in locomotives and traction engines thus
economising a large amount of coal, as the steam saved may be used to heat the
feed water.
What I claim is :-
First. The application to all kinds of chimnies, without exception of the conical
convergent divergent form.
Second. The automatic injection of atmospheric air into chimnies as described in
the present Specification and substituting this air injector in place of the jet of
steam produced by the exhaust.
Third The application of this apparatus to ventilation.
In witness whereof I the said Paul Ambroise Bayle have hereunto set my
hand and seal this fourteenth day of February in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty three.