matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED MODE. OF STOPPERING OR CLOSING CANISTERS, BOTTLES, OR OTHER VESSELS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Marie Virginie Bouquet at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th.
January 1861.
I, MARIE VIRGINIE BOUQUET, of 224, Rue de Rivoli, Paris, France, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE.
OF STOPPERING OR CLOSING CANISTERS, BOTTLES, OR OTHER VESSELS," to be as
follows:-
The Invention relates to an improved mode of stoppering or closing canisters,
bottles, jars, pots, or other vessels, with the object of effectually preventing the
exterior air from coming in contact with the substances contained in the said
vessels, and whether the said vessels be of tin plate or any other suitable
metal, glass, earthenware, china, or other suitable material, and of any suitable
size or shape, though it is preferable to use vessels of a cylindrical, oval, or
other curvilinear shape. Towards the upper part, neck, or mouth of the
vessel the outside of it is provided round its periphery with a rim or flange
formed thereon by embossing, rolling, or other suitable means, or soldered,
brazed, or solidly fixed thereto in any other suitable manner; I further have a
cover or lid provided at the lower part with a similar flange or rim corre-
sponding with that of the vessel, so that on applying this lid on the top of the
vessel both flanges will accurately fit on each other, or part of the body of the
vessel may be made to protrude or enter into the concavity of the lid, or this
may form a sort of stopper, entering partly and fitting into the neck or
mouth of the vessel, while its flange is applied on that of the vessel, or if
lid

page_text: required any suitable cement or other suitable adhesive matter, or even n
washer of india-rubber, greased leather, or other suitable yielding material,
may be interposed between the two flanges, or these latter may have their
surfaces provided with proper protruding and corresponding hollow parts to
fit into each other. A ring of india-rubber, soft greased leather, or other
suitable strong yielding material is then applied over the periphery of the said
flanges so as to fit exactly on them, and finally a band or hoop of iron or
other suitable metal. by preference hollowed out in the shape of a gutter, is
applied over the ring of india-rubber, both ends of which band or hoop are
held together by a screw or other suitable means, in order to tighten the said
band or hoop on the elastic ring as much as is required for obtaining a perfect
closing or hermetical stoppering or sealing of the vessel, and an exact adherence
of the lid thereto, so as to make this mode of stoppering, closing, or sealing of
vessels applicable to canisters or boxes, bottles, jars, pots, or other vessels for
containing preserves, pilchards, or other provisions or liquids which require to
be preserved from the influence of the atmospheric air.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TIME-PIECES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Thomas Hughes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
March 1861. A communication from abroad by Monsieur Philippe, of
Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, EDWARD THOMAS HUGHES, of the Firm of Hughes & Son, Patent
Agents, 123, Chancery Lane, London, do hereby declare the nature of the
said. Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN TIME-PIECES," a communication to me
from abroad by Monsieur Philippe, of Paris, in the Empire of France, to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to making watches and time-pieces so as to dispense
with the use of keys for winding up, and consists of a fluted button or knob being
fixed at the top of a rod passing through the pendant. The said rod works
on a pinion which gears into the winding-up wheel, and acts as a conductor
to a ratchet and spring. A pin is fixed into the pinion wheel, which slides on
the rod as far as it is pressed down by the spring, so that by drawing up the
fluted knob, the rod draws up as well as the pinion. The ratchet being
caught by its notch into the sides of the pinion, changes position, pushes the
spring towards the centre of the pallet plate, and keeps it at the end of the
extreme angle. The pinion also being pushed by the spring towards the
same centre, engages itself into the hand wheels, and by turning round
the knob the hands turn, and, on the contrary, if the rod is pressed on the
knob, the pinion pushes down the ratchet, the extreme angle of which with-
draws from the spring which falls into a notch where it is kept near the
circumference, keeping the bevilled pinion from the centre and disengaging it;

page_text: then if the fluted knob is turned round, the rod acts through the pinion upon
the winding up wheel. Or the same results may be obtained by a small
piston being placed on the side of the square and pressing upon the ratchet,
or by a small bolt similar to that used in a second's watch, or various other
modifications of the principle above described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR COM- MUNICATING FROM ONE PART OF A RAILWAY TRAIN TO ANOTHER, AND FOR COUPLING PIPES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Livesey at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th November
1861.
I, JAMES LIVESEY, of the City of Manchester, Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR COM-
MUNICATING FROM ONE PART OF A RAILWAY TRAIN TO ANOTHER, AND FOR COUPLING
PIPES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of an improved pneumatic apparatus for sounding
whistles or other alarums, by means whereof the guards and other persons
may communicate with each other and with the engine driver. A system of
pipes extends from the engine to the various carriages and vans of the train,
and at each guard's van or other convenient carriage a branch pipe connected
to a bellows and a whistle are applied, the end of the pipe is in communi-
cation with a small cylinder, the piston of which is connected to a lever fixed
to the tap of the usual steam whistle on the engine. When the bellows are
worked the compressed air passes through the pipes and sounds the whistles.
Or instead of working bellows, I also propose to force air by a pump into a
receiver, with which the branch pipes are in communication, the air from the
receiver being discharged into the pipes by turning a tap when required. The
pipes are coupled in any convenient manner, or by a socket lined with india-
rubber or other suitable yielding material, into which a bush with a slightly
enlarged end fits. This improved coupling may be used for connecting gas
and other pipes; the advantage it possesses over other couplings is, that it
can instantly be connected and disconnected.
IMPROVEMENTS IN INDIA-RUBBER SPRINGS FOR RAILWAY AND OTHER USES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Spencer at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th March
1861.
I, GEORGE SPENCER, Civil Engineer, of No. 6, Cannon Street West, London,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
INDIA-RUBBER SPRINGS FOR RAILWAY AND OTHER USES," to be as follows:-
My improvements in india-rubber springs consist of an improvement in the
method of supporting the india-rubber used in such springs. I insert sup-
porting plates at intervals through the mass of the spring, as in De Bergue's
or Paton's patented spring; but these plates are not allowed to project
beyond the outside of the india-rubber, but are kept inside, by which means
the india-rubber preserves a more regular outline, and is less strained than
when the plates project beyond the india-rubber. The supporting plates may
be placed at regular intervals, or the intervals may be varied. They may be
formed of thin iron or other metal, or of wire gauze, or of any other material
that will stand the strain of the india-rubber; or a metal wire may be coiled
round into a spiral form, so as to form a flat support, and be placed at
intervals; or rings of metal may be placed singly or concentrically at intervals
for the same purpose. When length of stroke is wanted, the ordinary pro-
jecting, dividing, or supporting plates may be used at intervals in conjunction
with my system of inside supports, thus dividing the spring into lengths about
equal, say, to the diameter of the spring. My inside supporting plates or
rings may be imbedded in the substance of the india-rubber forming the spring

page_text: in the course of manufacture, or they may be used by cutting the india-rubber
into layers or laminæ, and inserting the supports between each layer. The
layers or laminæ of india-rubber forming the spring may be varied in density
and thickness, so as to give the means of varying the shape. These springs
may be used in any required form, cylindrical, conical, square, or oblong, or
other shape, to suit special cases, and they may be solid or perforated by
holes or spaces in the direction of their length. By the word india-rubber I
mean any of those compounds of india-rubber and other substances mixed with
it for improving its quality as a spring.
My improved spring may be used as buffer, draw, bearing, or check spring
for railway engines, carriages, and trucks, also for common road vehicles, and
gun carriages and other military and naval uses, lifting springs and mine
cradles; they may also be used as blocks for the steel bearing springs to rest
on, or be placed on the ends of steel springs on Mr. P. R. Hodge's plan, and
generally where an india-rubber spring is required to support a weight or resist
a shock. The supporting plates may also be used in combination with
J. E. Coleman's patent rings for confining the india-rubber.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SMOKE-CONSUMING FUR- NACES
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Marc Antoine François Mennons, of the British and
Foreign Patent Offices, 39, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, in the Empire of
France, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN SMOKE-CONSUMING FUR-
NACES." A communication from Bernard Palazot, residing at No. 131,
Route d'Espagne, Bordeaux, (Gironde).
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Marc Antoine François
Mennons at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition
and Declaration, on the 6th September 1861, pursuant to the 9th Section
of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, MARC
ANTOINE FRANÇOIS MENNONS, of the British and Foreign Patent Offices, 39,
Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, in the Empire of France, send greeting.
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
SMOKE-CONSUMING FURNACES," communicated to me by Bernard Palazot, a
person resident at No. 131, Route d'Espagne, Bordeaux, (Gironde), and have
petitioned Her Majesty to grant unto me, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, Her Royal Letters Patent for the same, and made solemn declaration
that it is a communication:
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Marc Antoine François Mennons, do
hereby declare that the following Complete Specification under my hand and

page_text: seal fully describes and ascertains the nature of the Invention, and the manner
in which the same is to be performed, reference being had to the Figures of the
accompanying Drawing, that is to say :-
The Invention communicated to me consists in an improved distribution of
furnace conduits, and registers by means of which a due proportion of oxygen
from air or steam may be mingled with the fuliginous products of combustion,
and the whole consumed without waste or emission of smoke.
Figures 1, 2, of the accompanying Drawing represent, in longitudinal and
transversal sections, a boiler furnace comprising these improvements. A is
the conduit for the introduction of the air or steam, the flow of which is
regulated by the register a, acted on by the rod b, passing under the grate c.
B is a conduit or vaulting of refractory clay or brickwork, in which the
products of the combustion mingle with the air or steam admitted by the
register a; C is the chimney; D, the boiler. The direction of the flame aud
gases is indicated by the arrows in Figure 1.
Having now described the nature of the said Invention, and the manner of
carrying it into effect, I declare that I claim the construction and arrangement
of smoke-consuming furnaces, in which the fuliginous products of combustion
are oxygenized by the admixture of an equivalent of steam or atmospheric air,
admitted and regulated by conduits and registers, distributed substantially as
above described and represented in the Figures of the accompanying
Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said Marc Antoine François Mennons, have
hereto set my hand and seal, this Thirty-first day of August, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
M MENNONS
MF MENNONS
(10.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN LUBRICATING THOSE PARTS OF STEAM ENGINES ACTED ON BY THE STEAM, AND IN APPARATUS FOR THE SAME, WHICH SAID APPARATUS CAN BE USED FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Isaac Beamish and Noah Beamish
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 13th July 1861.
We, ISAAC BEAMISH, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer,
and NOAH BEAMISH, of Egremont, in the County of Chester, lately Chief
Engineer of the Steam Ship "Great Britain," do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LUBRICATING THOSE PARTS OF STEAM
ENGINES ACTED ON BY THE STEAM, AND IN APPARATUS FOR THE SAME, WHICH SAID
APPARATUS CAN BE USED FOR OTHER PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
In our improved system of lubricating, we force or inject the lubricating
material in small quantities amongst the steam, by preference into the steam
pipe near the valve, or into the valve box, and allow it to be carried forward
to lubricate the various working parts of the engine impinged on by the steam,
more especially the valve and cylinder.
The apparatus which we have invented to inject the lubricating material, as
above mentioned, is similar in construction to a double-acting force pump.
The plunger is solid, and is worked by a rod communicating with any con-
venient part of the engine where a reciprocating motion can be obtained. The
supply of lubricating material is drawn from a vessel, say, the ordinary grease
cup, and passed or forced either over or under the said solid plunger, through
the two inlet and two outlet ports of the said apparatus or pump, each of
which ports are provided with valves to allow the supply, both at the up and

page_text: down strokes, and prevent the steam from escaping. Between the apparatus
and that part of the engine with which it communicates, as well as between
the said apparatus and the lubricating material supply, we sometimes place
taps or valves as a cheque or further security against escape of steam.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN ROLLER BLIND APPARATUS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Smith at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th April
1861.
I, RICHARD SMITH, of Shaw House, Melksham, in the County of Wilts,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN ROLLER BLIND APPARATUS," to be as follows:-
My Invention, which relates to keeping in tension the cords of roller blinds,
consists in the application of a system of pulley blocks, or their equivalents,
operated on by a weight for that purpose.
In carrying out my Invention, instead of having a pulley running in a fixed
rack for the lower pulley, I simply suspend that pulley and its frame (without
rack) in the double of the blind cord. This pulley frame I form to receive
one, two, or more pullies in addition to the endless cord pulley, and at a some-
what lower elevation. I fix to the framing of the window a duplicate pulley
frame with one, two, or more pullies fitted therein to correspond with the
extra pullies of the upper one. This second pulley frame is disposed about
two inches below that depending from the endless cord. I attach the end of a
cord, gut, or chain to the upper frame, and pass it thence round the under side
of the upper pulley in a fixed frame or bracket, then up over the lower pulley
in the pendent frame, and down again under the lower pulley of the fixed
frame, and up over the upper pulley of the pendent frame, in the manner of
pulley blocks; the free end of the cord or chain is then pendent, and has a
suitable weight attached to it in the form of a tassel or other pendent orna-

page_text: ment.
When there are four pullies the power of the weight is multiplied four
times & exerts a constant power to pull down and tighten the endless blind
cord, which is at the same time free to rise and fall according to the expansion
& contraction of that cord, which is thus at all times kept in a uniform state
of tension, and such as is suitable for its proper working. Instead of pullies
hard fixed surfaces of iron, glass, or other material may be used for the weight
cord to turn upon. Instead of the weight cord passing over four pullies, as
described, the number & combination of those pullies may be otherwise, as
before mentioned. When the upper or movable block contains two pullies
the weight is multiplied five-fold; when three, seven-fold, and so forth, the
odd number being obtained by attaching the end of the cord to the movable,
and not to the fixed block.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN CERTAIN PARTS OF MACHINERY OR APPARATUS USED IN PREPARING AND SPINNING COTTON OR OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George James Wainwright at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th August 1861.
I, GEORGE JAMES WAINWRIGHT, of Dukinfield, in the County of Chester,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN CERTAIN PARTS OF MACHINERY OR APPARATUS USED IN PREPARING
AND SPINNING COTTON OR OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
I
This Invention relates to the spindles used in mules for spinning, and in
steps used for both preparing and spinning. On the spindles of mules and other
machines, and such spindles as are not connected with a lift, I place a bush,
either fast or loose, made of cast iron or other suitable material, but of the
former in preference. The spindles themselves may be enlarged in the part
working in the bolster, or the bolsters may be grooved or hollowed, the objects
to be gained being mainly a saving in oil and protection to the spindle. To
the steps used in mules, frames, or other machines used for preparing the
fibrous material, I place a cover or lid of any convenient shape, so as to be
free from the spindle, in order to keep out dirt, confine the oil or lubricating
matter, and prevent it flying out of the step and being wasted.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SPIRAL SPRINGS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Stevens at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th June
1861. A communication from abroad by Adolphe Loneq, of 42, Rue
Laffitte, Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, CHARLES STEVENS, of 31, Charing Cross, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SPIRAL SPRINGS," & that it has been communicated to me
from abroad by Adolphe Loncq, of 42, Rue Laffitte, Paris, in the Empire of
France, to be as follows:-
Spiral springs in general are attached at their extremities, and are acted
upon by their ends being drawn one from the other. These springs, although
made of tempered steel, stretch, and after a time lose their force; by the
present Invention this inconvenience is obviated.
My arrangement is as follows:-The spring, which is of tempered steel or
other metal, is furnished with two sockets of different diameters, the smaller,
being able to pass in the spring, and serve as guide, the other forms a shoulder,
and serves as prop to the spring. These sockets have a groove crossing them,
in which the ends of two iron wire rods, bent at their extremities, rest.
The springs thus arranged are placed where required, and instead of drawing
on the two ends of the spring so as to stretch it, the two ends of the spring
are drawn on but so as to compress it. The form and size of the spring, as
well as the material of which it is made, may vary.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SCREW PROPELLERS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Bishop Peck at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th April
1861.
I, WILLIAM BISHOP PECK, of Broad Street, Bristol, in the County of Somer-
set, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN SCREW PROPELLERS," to be as follows:-
These improvements relate to the forming of screw propellers in such a
manner that they shall be more economical in their cost, and more efficient
than those hitherto constructed. I propose forming such propellers in several
different ways, although tending all to the same end, namely, that of holding
the water and throwing it off after being used.
One of these propellers I make with a triangular dart head, another like
the point or head of an arrow or vane, and another like the feathered portion
of an arrow; but in all three cases the blades are formed with an ogee curve
from the base to the point, so as to hold the water while traversing along the
channels until it is permitted to escape, the angle or pitch of the blades being
determined as circumstances may require.
I also propose placing one of these propellers at the bow of a ship and
another at her stern, and as a reserve, or in case of accidents, one, two, or more
may be placed within her keel, and suitably arranged for working as occasion
may require.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR REAPING GATHERING, AND BINDING HARVEST PRODUCE
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Tolhausen at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th December
-
1861. A communication from Philippe Durand, Esqre., residing at
No. 35, Boulevart Bonne Nouvelle, Paris.
I, FREDERICK TOLHAUSEN, Civil Engineer and Patent Agent, of No. 35,
Boulevart Bonne Nouvelle, Paris, in the Empire of France, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR REAPING
GATHERING, AND BINDING HARVEST PRODUCE," being a communication from
Phillippe Durand, Esqre. a person resident at No. 85, Boulevart Bonne
Nouvelle, Paris, to be as follows:-
My improvements in respect of reaping machines apply chiefly to the reaper
Patented by the late W. S. Clark, A.D. 1858, No. 720, and consist of a
means of keeping the rake vertical to the platform, during its entire travel
so as to prevent the corn or other grain being jirked, also a spring arrange-
ment for assisting the pinion in its ascending course from the under to the
upper side of the endless rack, also a mode of making partly solid the finger
guides through which the knife bar works for the purpose of preventing the
frequent occurrence of breakage of the said fingers further aboard, or its
equivalent, for removing the impediment, which otherwise the frame of the
endless rack in the machine above mentioned, would otherwise oppose to the
perfect delivery of the gavel, and lastly a peculiar way of fixing the said end-
less rack, or its containing frame.
My improvements in respect of binding machines relate to the Invention

page_text: Patented A.D. 1861, No. 523, and consist mainly in different and various
mechanical arrangements for rendering the working of the machine more
efficient and practicable specially in regard of the "twisting claws" and
'gathering arms."
I also introduce in this improved binding machine an endless band or tie
which is wound off at proper lengths for girelling the gavel or sheaf, and
then cut off by a proper self-acting cutting apparatus.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COCKS OR TAPS FOR DRAWING-OFF LIQUIDS, AND IN GAUGING APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Marc Antoine François Mennons
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 27th June 1861.-A communication from abroad by Messrs.
Auguste Terré and Etienne Morelle, resident at Versailles, France.
J, MARC ANTOINE FRANÇOIS MENNONS, of the British and Foreign Patent
Offices, 39, Rue de l'Echiquier, Paris, in the Empire of France, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COCKS OR TAPS
FOR DRAWING-OFF LIQUIDS, AND IN GAUGING APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH,"
to be as follows:-
These improvements consist, 1stly, in the application to taps or cocks of
a cast shoulder piece forming a hammer face, and situated behind the key in
such a position as to be easily struck when the tap is being sunk in a barrel
or other vessel. The object of this arrangement is to avoid the, straining and
other injuries to which ordinary cocks or taps are liable when forced into their
settings by hammer strokes applied in front.
2dly, in the application to such cocks or taps of a lever key set horizontally
with its free extremity towards the barrel in such a position as to be beyond
reach of accidental contact.
3dly, in a moveable gauging apparatus applicable to stop-cocks constructed
as above, and serving as indicator of the contents of the vessel to which it may
be applied.
This gauging apparatus is formed of a glass tube, of any required length

page_text: and calibre open throughout, and set in a wooden or metallic framing
terminated by a brass socket corresponding with a cavity formed vertically in
the plug of the stop-cock in free communication with the liquid way. In the
upper part of this cavity is set a cork washer, by which all escape of the liquid
is prevented when the gauge is in position. The framing of the gauge may be
so arranged as to receive a number of different scales, each graduated to corre-
spond with casks of given dimensions and capacities.
Thus, for instance, in taking as standard the current types of French wine
casks, the framing may be divided into four scales. One for "Macon" casks
of 215 litres, (or corresponding number of English gallons); a second for
Bordeaux" of 228 litres; a third for "Orleans" of 230 litres, and a fourth
for "Cher" of 250 litres. The faces of the frame, and consequently the
number of scales may be multiplied to any required extent, the graduations
of each being spaced to correspond with casks or other vessels of given
capacity.
When the gauge is removed from the stop-cock the cavity of the plug is
closed by a metallic stopper or cap of any convenient form.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS REGULATORS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Willcock at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th January
1861. A communication from abroad by John Brunt, of Rue Petrelle,
Paris, in the Empire of France, Gas Engineer.
I, JOSEPH WILLCOCK, of 89, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex,
Patent Agent and Mechanical Draftsman, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS REGULATORS," to be as follows:-
My improvements apply to the ordinary regulators wherein the inlet gas
admitted at varying pressures is caused to flow from the said regulators at a
more regular and less varying pressure, this result being obtained by the action
of the outlet gas on a bell suspended freely in a water reservoir, and to which
is appended the regulating cone in the centre of the inlet orifice, which orifice
is diminished when the outlet pressure augments by the rising of the bell, and
consequently the cone, the reverse taking place when the pressure diminishes.
My improvements consist in substituting to the ordinary cone a new descrip-
tion of valve or valves, so arranged that the varying pressure of the inlet gas
can have no injurious effect on their working, and it is caused to come laterally
in contact with them and not on their under surface, whereby they are main-
tained in a state of equilibrium, and the pressure of the outlet gas more regular
and uniform.
One description of valve which I make use of for this purpose consists in a
short hollow cylinder which rises and falls between two stationary rings or
flanges forming parts of the inlet chamber; the regulation in the pressure of
the gas being effected by its passage between the top of the said cylindrical

page_text: valve and the upper ring of the inlet chamber, and it afterwards passes
through an outlet chamber to the outlet pipe either by flowing above the valve
or through it.
The second description of valve which I make use of consists in a longer
hollow cylinder open throughout, the upper face of which regulates the pres-
sure of the outlet gas by its action against a stationary ring forming part of
the inlet chamber, whilst its lower extremity is sealed in water or other appro-
priate liquid, the outlet gas having constant access to the interior of the
cylinder by the top opening so long as the regulator is working.
AN IMPROVED MAGIC LANTERN, AND OF VIEWS TO BE USED THEREWITH
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION. left. by John Henry Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th
May 1861.-A communication from abroad by Henri Alexandre Lefevre,
of Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of 166, Buchanan Street, in the City of Glasgow, North
Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED MAGIC LANTERN, AND OF VIEWS TO BE USED THEREWITH," a
communication from abroad by Henri Alexandre Lefevre, of Paris, in the
Empire of France, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of magic
lautern or apparatus which the Inventor terms a "lampadoscope," for showing
enlarged reflected views or images upon a white or translucid screen or
surface; and relates also to the views or slides to be used therewith. Accord-
ing to this Invention the "lampadoscope" consists of a metal or other opaque
chamber, which is to be fitted over any ordinary table lamp in the position of
the ordinary shade or globe, so as to completely enclose or surround the flame.
This chamber is to be blackened inside, and is made in two parts, namely, an
upper and a lower portion; in the space which is left all round the chamber
between the upper and lower half is fitted a series of views. or representations
of objects of any kind answering the purpose of the slides of an ordinary
magic lantern, the difference being, that these views are produced upon glass

page_text: or other transparent material by photography in lieu of being painted thereon
by hand, as is usually the case. Within the chamber there is a reflector, and
opposite to this reflector is fitted a tube with one or more lenses, so that ou
rotating the series of views round the light by means of a circular rack and
pinion, or other contrivance, they will be successively brought opposite to the
lens or object glass, and the light being reflected powerfully through them the
image or picture is reproduced greatly enlarged in size upon a suitable screen
or surface. It is preferred to make the chamber of a spherical form, with a
chimney and hood upon the top; so as to cover the ordinary glass chimney of
the lamp, but such chamber might be made of a rectangular or other form, in
which case the views will be photographed upon straight slides somewhat
similar to those in ordinary use. The chamber with its views, reflector, and
lens, may be readily placed upon a table lamp, and removed as required, the
great feature being that no special light is required for exhibiting the
apparatus.
IMPROVEMENTS IN EQUILIBRIUM LUBRICATORS FOR STEAM CYLINDERS, VALVE BOXES, AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Taylor and Thomas Howard
Hepworth at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 19th November 1861.
We, JOHN TAYLOR and THOMAS HOWARD HEPWORTH, of Hyde, in the
County of Chester, Engineers and Millwrights, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN EQUILIBRIUM LUBRICATORS FOR
STEAM CYLINDERS, VALVE BOXES, AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in fitting in the interior of the cup or vessel con-
taining the tallow or lubricating matter a spindle having two valves, fast or
otherwise, one at the top and the other at the bottom of the vessel, and fitting
seatings-in such manner that when-the spindle is pressed downwards the upper
valve is opened, and allows the lubricating matter to enter the cup or vessel,
and at the same time close the lower valve and prevent any admission of
steam, and when the spindle is raised by a spring or other means the upper
valve is closed and the lower valve opened, which admits steam to the top of
the lubricating matter, so as to form an equilibrium and allow the said matter
to fall of its own gravity into the steam cylinder, valve box, or other vessel to
which it is applied.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN REELS OR SPOOLS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Skirrow Wright at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st June 1861.
I, JOHN SKIRROW WRIGHT, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN REELS OR SPOOLS," to be as follows:-
I make reels or spools of papier maché which I mould or press in one
piece or in two or more pieces, which I join together by some adhesive sub-
stance, and I also make reels or spools with the ends of paper or papier mache,
and the tubes of wood, metal, paper, papier maché or any suitable material;
and I also make reels or spools with a cap of metal on the ends when made of
paper or papier maché in the same manner as is now done with reels of wood
and metal.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING ENGINES FOR THE CARDING OF COTTON, SILK, WOOL, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Cooper at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th October
1861.
I, JAMES COOPER, of Hightown, near Leeds, in the County of York, Cotton
Spinner and Doubler, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARDING ENGINES FOR THE CARDING OF COTTON, SILK,
WOOL, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
This Invention is applicable to all kinds of cylinder carding engines for
cleaning and preparing cotton, silk, wool, and other fibrous substances, and its
object is to effect an economy in such operation by causing such machines to
use or consume their own "fly" or waste, instead of allowing it to fall on to
the floor, or into a receptacle with the dirt or dust. The Invention consists in
enclosing the under surface of the "licker-in," and of the main carding
cylinder, with a curved double concave screen, such screen being so placed as
to be just clear of the card teeth. This screen may be formed of a grating of
wire or other material, or of strips or laths of wood, arranged in the form of a
Venetian shutter, or otherwise, its object and effect being to allow the dust
and dirt to pass through, and to arrest the filaments or fibres (commonly
called "fly" or waste), which as they accumulate will be again taken up by
the card teeth and worked in with the other material so that no waste will be
made, and hence a great economy will be effected.
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF VESSEL FOR CONTAINING AERATED LIQUIDS
Year: 1861

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Gustave Leroy, of the City of Bristol, Soda Water
Manufacturer, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF
VESSEL FOR CONTAINING AERATED LIQUIDS."-A communication from abroad
by Auguste Savareze, of Paris, in the Empire of France.
Sealed the 10th October 1861, and dated the 17th April 1861.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Gustave Leroy at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th
April 1861.
I, GUSTAVE LEROY, of the City of Bristol, Soda Water Manufacturer, do
hereby declare the nature of thesaid Invention for "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION
OF VESSEL FOR CONTAINING AERATED LIQUIDS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is so to construct bottles or vessels for con-
taining aerated liquids that a portion of the contents of the bottle may be
drawn out for use without detriment to the remainder. The use of the
Invention will also avoid the accidents which frequently occur in opening
bottles. The vessel I make of glass, and over the neck I place a metal cover,
to the centre of which an open glass tube leading down to near the bottom of
the vessel is attached. On to the cover I screw a tube, which I fit with a
sliding valve or plunger. This valve is held down to its seat by a coiled spring

page_text: placed above it, and confined in the valve tube by a screw cap. A branch pipe
leads off from the valve tube for discharging the liquid when it is allowed to
escape up the glass tube and past the valve. To effect this discharge the valve
or plunger is slotted to receive the nose of a thumb lever, which is hinged to
the valve tube. By the depression of this lever the valve will be raised, and a
communication will then be established between the interior of the vessel and
the discharge tube. The pressure of confined air in the vessel will then serve
to force the liquid out at the discharge pipe. By withdrawing the thumb from
the lever the coiled spring will come into action and force the valve down
into its seat, thus closing the exit passage, and securing the remaining contents
of the vessel.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REAPING AND MOWING MACHINES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Wickens at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition; on the 18th. September
1861. A communication from abroad by Nicholas, Coones, of the City
of London, in the County of Middlesex, in the Province of Canada,
America, Engineer.
I, HENRY WICKENS, of No. 4, Tokenhouse Yard, Bank, in the City of
London, Solicitor, do hereby declare the nature, of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN REAPING AND MOWING MACHINES," to be as follows:-
The machine may be used either as a combined reaper and mower, or
merely as a reaping machine, the difference in the machines being the provisions
made in the mower apart from the reaper for a longer stroke and a quicker
motion of the knives than is required for reaping grain, and having a separate
set of knives, guards, and finger bar or sill, and worked with a shoe instead of
a wheel at the outer end of the finger bar or sill, in order to get the knives
nearer the ground or surface for mowing, and doing away with the use of the
reel, as in reaping grain. I have a driving or bearing wheel, and the friction of
the periphery arising from its contact with the ground causes it to rotate
when the machine is moved; on the inner surface of the periphery is formed a
cam groove. When the wheel is in motion the cam groove or channel gives
action to a roller, and the motion thus given is communicated to the knives by
the connecting bar.
In the machine with the motion attached for reaping grain, the stroke given
to the knives is the same as the pitch of the cam groove or channel; a roller

page_text: suspender acts as a pendulum or beal; it is hung from journals. I have a lever
connection for raising the pendulum or beal, with the roller attached sufficiently
high to raiso it clear of the groove, thus allowing the wheel to rotate without
giving motion to the knives. The knives are of the ordinary construction, such
as are used on other machines for similar purposes. In the combined machine
(reaper and mower) the only difference is, that instead of the pendulum or beal
motion there is a lever bar, the fulcrum of which works on a pin; this lever
has attached to it the roller, which gives it a vibrating motion, the lover being
continued to such a length as to get the increased stroke or motion required
for the different classes of work tho machine has to perform, pin holes being
mado in the lever at various distances from the fulcrum, consequently as the
connecting bar is attached nearer or further from the fulcrum, so will the
motion or throw of the knives be shorter or longer. The arrangement for
throwing out of gear is by raising the roller out of the groove. The framing
of the machine is so formed as to allow the driving or bearing wheel to run on
a rest or spindle. The pole of the machine is attached to or bolted on the top
of the iron frame.
The lower frame or knife bar to which the knife guards are attached is con-
nected to the iron frame by an iron knee plate; this portion of the machine
can be raised or lowered at pleasure by means of an upright bolt.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE MACHINE TO DECORTICATE CORN AND SEEDS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Alexandre Joseph Deplanque
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th October 1861.
I, LOUIS ALEXANDRE JOSEPH DEPLANQUE, residing No. 26, Boulevard de
Strasbourg, Paris, now Half Moon Hotel, 131, High Street, Borough,
London, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MACHINE TO DECORTICATE CORN AND SEEDS," to be as follows:-
The first feature is a longitudinal raising of the machine, the superior drun
being supposed cut to permit seeing the plates of the cylinder of the decor-
ticator.
The second feature is a transverse section mado upon the line.
The corn being subdued to the operation is brought by the pipe in the
endless screw; this corn receives some water moistening preparatory to the
decortication. The water is brought to the screw by the pipe which com-
municates with superior reservoir. A ratchet wheel moving by the pulley
draws up into the inferior reservoir the water which is thrown in small quan-
tities into principal reservoir. The bassin is maintained by the pipe ready to
receive the excess of water. The corn being wetted regularly by the movement
of the screw, is brought by the pipe of the cylinder decorticator fixed upon
an axis which receives its movement through a pulley; the arms of pig iron
serving to fix upon the tree the longitudinal plates chased in the agitator, which
serves to complete the work of the cylinder.
Small rakes fixed upon the iron check of the decorticator compels the

page_text: corn or seed to pass through holes corresponding to follow the exterior con-
tour of plates chased and pierced so as to produce the decortication. This
disposition of rakes renders it unnecessary to arrange the introduction of corn,
because the more quickly the cylinder turns a larger quantity of corn is
passed into the decorticator.
The drum in plates is divided in two parts, one with hinges and the other
supported by the building of the machine; the part of the place corresponding
to the length of these blades is pierced with holes rectangular, but those corre-
sponding with cylinder remain full, that the action of the decorticator may
be more energetic.
The corn having arrived at the extremity of the blades meets on orifice
pierced in the drum, which communicates with the air pipe of the ventilator.
This current of air takes off from the grain the last husk which cannot pass
through to the cylinder, so that the grain leaves the machine thoroughly
cleansed from the husk. The object of the present demand consists in a new
machine which decorticates all kinds of grain and seeds.
I have succeeded by the reunion of the cylinder strengthened by plates
chased and pierced with the agitator blades. I reserve the change of the
dimensions of my apparatus according to the nature of the corn and the
quantity working.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF MASTS AND POSTS
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Thomas Selby at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th January
1861.
I, GEORGE THOMAS SELBY, of Smethwick, in the County of Stafford, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF MASTS AND POSTS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in constructing ship's and other masts, telegraph and
other posts, of tubes of wrought iron combined and united to form a light
and strong structure. As an instance, one form of combination suitable for a
telegraph post is composed of three wrought-iron tubes, screwed into or
otherwise fixed on a base of metal, wood, or stone; each of the tubes is made
to incline inwards towards the top, where they are united in a disc or ring of
less diameter than that of the base; a stay may be added, if required to
strengthen the compound post, at or about the centre. Again, for a mast a
central and larger tube may be carried up from the base through the disc or
ring, a number of these parts or combinations may be joined together, the
tubes may be of a large diameter at the base, and may be made gradually
decreasing in diameter towards the top, or they may be of the same diameter
throughout.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPA- RATUS FOR MOVING, CONVEYING, TRANSPORTING, OR TRANSMITTING BODIES
Year: 1861

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Peters at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd April
1861.
I, THOMAS PETERS, of Great Alie St., Whitechapel, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPA-
RATUS FOR MOVING, CONVEYING, TRANSPORTING, OR TRANSMITTING BODIES," to be as
follows:-
My Invention consists in mounting and arranging a series of rollers of a
shape or form corresponding to the the objects or articles to be conveyed,
transported, or transmitted from one place to another, so that they form a
continuous line of bearing or supporting and revolving or moving surfaces at
such an angle or inclination of their general line as to offer the minimum of
frictional resistance to the passage of the goods, articles, or things (whatever
the shape or configuration of such bodies may be) as are intended to pass over
the said rollers between the places of deposit and delivery. For instance, for
the purpose of transmitting or conveying sugar loaves from one part of a
sugar manufactory to another I form the rollers of a hollow curved shape to
correspond with the largest diameter or base of the cone of the sugar loaves,
and place them in close proximity the one to the other, so that each sugar
loaf is supported by several rollers during its passage, and these rollers are
arranged one before the other from the place where the goods are deposited
to the place at which they are to be delivered, and the declination given to the
course thereof necessary need be but small. For transmitting casks & such

page_text: like articles, the rollers would have to be of a suitably large size, sufficiently
strong to bear the weight of such goods passing over then, and of a form
corresponding with the cask at its bulge. Where the shape of the goods is
flat or irregular, side guide rollers may be applied in addition, for the pur-
pose of maintaining the articles in their correct position during their course
downward.
By the arrangement described a considerable economy of labour is effected
in the removal of goods from one place to another, and a continuous train of
goods or articles of a similar shape may be transmitted without other attendants
than those engaged in placing the goods thereon, and removing them there-
from. In cases where the circumstances attending the application of this
apparatus do not permit of sufficient declination or fall being given to the
series of rollers, or where it is desirable to give an impetus to the forward
motion of the goods or articles to be moved, I give motion to one or more of
the rollers in the series. This may be done by hand or other power. Where
curves have to be traversed I place or dispose the axes of the several rollers
in such curve or curves radially so as to gradually alter the direction of
motion.