Improvements in and relating to the Manufacture of Tiles, Bricks, and similar Articles.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 17th Nov., 1898
Complete Specification Left, 16th Sept., 1899-Accepted, 21st Oct., 1899
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION,
Improvements in and relating to the Manufacture of Tiles, Bricks,
and similar Articles.
I, RICHARD BENNETT, of 34, Foxham Road, Tufnell Park, in the County of
London, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to the manufacture of tiles, ornamental slabs or panels,
bricks, paving tiles or blocks and other similar articles; and it has for its object
to produce articles of this kind in a more economical manner than heretofore
and to utilize in their manufacture certain waste products that are at present
considered to be of little if any utility.
Tiles have heretofore been formed with a mixture of kaolin or China clay and
hall clay, together with one or more of such materials as flint, China stone,
granite. In the separation of kaolin, and more particularly of the Cornish
kaolin, from the impurities such as free silica and undecomposed felspar with
which it is generally admixed in its natural state, a residue or waste product is
left. Mica is sometimes recovered from this residue, but of the material remain-
ing after such recovery, no really practical use has heretofore been made.
Now according to my invention I dispense with the use of kaolin in the manu-
facture of tiles and the like, and I form such articles mainly of the aforesaid
residue or waste material preferably mixed with a certain proportion of ball
clay, or other appropriate material in order to avoid brittleness in the articles
produced. I may sometimes also employ, in addition to these ingredients, one
or more of such materials as flint, China stone, granite, Cornwall stone, accord-
ing to the nature of the article I desire to produce. In all cases however the
proportion of the aforesaid waste material is greater than that of the other
ingredients.
In carrying out my invention the waste material or residue from the produc-
tion of kaolin is disintegrated and pulverized or ground to the requisite degree
of fineness, and is then mixed with the other ingredient or ingredients that I
employ. The mixture is then formed into a plastic mass which is moulded or
shaped as desired, and baked or fired in the manner usual in forming, the various
articles hereinabove mentioned.
It is obvious that colouring matter or other material may be added to the mass
for the purpose of producing coloured or ornamental tiles or the like.
Dated this 17th day of November 1898.

page_text: Improvements in and relating to the Manufacture of Tiles, Bricks,
and similar Articles.
I, RICHARD BENNETT, of 34, Foxham Road, Tufnell Park, in the County of
London, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement: -
This invention relates to the manufacture of tiles, ornamental slabs or panels,
bricks, paving tiles or blocks and similar articles; and it has for its object
to produce articles of this kind in a more economical manner than heretofore
and to utilize in their manufacture certain waste products that are at present
considered to be of little if any utility.
Tiles have heretofore been formed with a mixture of kaolin or China clay and
ball clay, together with one or more of such materials as flint, China stone, or
granite. In the separation of kaolin, and more particularly of the Cornish
kaolin, from the free silica, undecomposed felspar and other impurities or sub-
stances that have formed constituents in the stone the disintegration of which
produces the kaolin, a residue or waste product is left. Mica is sometimes
recovered from this residue, but of the material remaining after such recovery,
no really practical use has heretofore been made.
Now according to my invention. I manufacture the above stated articles mainly
of the aforesaid residue or waste material preferably mixed with a certain pro-
portion of ball clay, or other appropriate material, in order to avoid brittleness
in the articles produced. Sometimes I may also employ, in addition to these
ingredients, a small proportion of one or more of such materials as flint, and
China stone (granite or Cornwall stone), according to the nature of the article
I desire to produce.
In carrying out my invention I disintegrate and pulverize or grind the afore-
said waste material to a suitable degree of fineness and then mix it with the ball
clay and other ingredients that I may employ (which ingredients have also been.
pulverized or ground) the proportion of the said waste material being consider-
ably in excess of that of any of the other ingredients employed. The following
proportions will be found to give satisfactory results:
Waste material
Ball clay
Flint or China stone (granite or Cornwall
stone) or both
55 parts by weight
83 "
"
"
12 "
"
"
Water is then added to the mixture to form it into a plastic mass which is
moulded or shaped as desired, and baked or fired in the manner usual in form-
ing the various articles hereinabove mentioned.
The flint or China stone may be dispensed with, although I prefer to use the
same or I may vary the amount of such materials say between 7 and 17 parts,
the amount of waste material being correspondingly varied from 60 to 50 parts,
according to the nature or quality of the article to. be produced.
It is obvious that colouring matter or other material may be added to the mass
for the nuruose of radusing

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is;
1
1. In the manufacture of tiles and similar articles, the use in substantially
the proportions stated of the aforesaid waste material for the purposes specified.
2. In the manufacture of tiles and similar articles, the use of the aforesaid
waste material with the addition thereto in substantially the proportions stated
of ball clay, and one or more of the other ingredients herein before stated.
3. A tile or similar article composed of the aforesaid waste material, and ball
clay, with or without flint or China stone or both, all substantially in the pro-
portions set forth.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.