matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FIBROUS YARNS OR THREADS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Wood and James
William Wood at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 13th December 1866.
We, WILLIAM WOOD and JAMES WILLIAM WOOD, of, Monkhill, near
Pontefract, in the County of York, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF FIBROUS YARNS OR
THREADS," to be as follows:-
These improvements in the manufacture of fibrous yarns or threads consist
in making them of long and short fibres in such manner that the long fibres
are drawn into the centre of the yarn or thread and the short ones placed
outside.
When fibrous yarns or threads are made in the ordinary manner from
mixtures of long and short fibres, such mixtures are passed through the
carding engine together and then spun, the long and short fibres being inter-
mingled throughout the body of the yarn."
Now by our improved process the long and short fibres are treated
separately, the long fibres being prepared as for throstle spinning by being
laid parallel to one another, the short ones being either treated similarly or
prepared as for mule spinning. The two classes of fibres may be brought
together at different stages of the process as convenience or varying results
are consulted; but we prefer to bring them together behind the front pair
of drawing rollers, those nearest the flyers in a throstle or water twist
spinning frame by feeding on to the long fibres at such part cardings or loose

page_text: rovings of short fibres as they come from the carding engine or from the
roving frame; when the two passing between the rollers together are spun
into a cored thread, as by reason of the tension being on the long fibres only
they take the shortest course, and thus form the centre line or core, while the
short fibres not being so tightly held are comparatively free, and in the process
of spinning enwrap the long fibres.
The combined long and short fibres in being made into yarn, as above
described, both receive an equal amount of twist or thereabout, but they may
receive an unequal amount of twist, either by slightly twisting one of them
before bringing the two together to be spun into yarn, or by slightly twisting
both, but in opposite directions, before bringing them together to be spun
into finished yarn; but in any mode of manipulation the object is kept in
view of producing yarns or threads in which the long fibres form the core or
centre of the thread, and the short ones are placed on the outside. When
desired the long fibres are passed through cementing matter so as to assist in
keeping the short,ones more securely on the outside.
In carrying out this Invention we do not confine ourselves to the use of
one kind of fibres, say of wool, but may use, say, linen for the long fibres,
and wool for the short, or any other mixture of different kinds or colors of
fibres as may be desired for yarns or threads.
A NEW KIND OF SELF-ACTING FIRE ALARM TO MAKE KNOWN THE EXISTENCE OF FIRE IN WAREHOUSES, FACTORIES, DWELLING HOUSES, AND OTHER PREMISES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Henry James Simmons
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
5th April 1866.
I, GEORGE HENRY JAMES SIMMONS, of 41, Stanhope Street, Hampstead
Road, Middlesex, London, Clerk, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A NEW KIND OF SELF-ACTING FIRE ALARM TO MAKE KNOWN THE
EXISTENCE OF FIRE IN WAREHOUSES, FACTORIES, DWELLING HOUSES, AND OTHER
PREMISES," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to an apparatus to be attached to the ceiling, walls,
or floor of the premises to be protected, the existence of fire to be made
known outside or inside such premises by two reports at intervals and by the
burning of a red light.
In preforming my Invention I make use of a circular band of metal, in
which is a leaden weight, which weight is supported and held in position by.
a composition of 5 parts tallow, 1 part wax, 1 part spermaceti, and 4 parts
tallow, 2 parts wax, 1 part cocoa-nut oil, oil, wax, tallow, or spermaceti, upon
the melting of which and the liberation of the weight I bring into operation
a second apparatus connected with the same by an iron tube and conducting
wire, the second apparatus consisting of a cylindrical chamber containing a
leaden weight and two receptacles for gunpowder outside such chamber, and
attached to the same is a receptacle containing a composition of nitrate of
strontia, sulphur, charcoal, nitrate, & 54 parts nitrate of strontain, 24 parts
sulphur, 20 parts chlorate of potasse, 1 part nitrate potasse, 1-part charcoal,

page_text: chlorate of potass, for producing the red light, the heat acting upon the first
apparatus causes the leaden weight to fall, which in its turn liberates the
leaden weight in second apparatus, which falling upon a glass chamber con-
taining sulphuric acid or tartrate of oxide of lead, allows the same to mix
with chlorate of potass and loaf sugar, which instantly fires the chambers
containing gunpowder and the composition for red light.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PROPELLING AND STEERING STEAM VESSELS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Griffiths and Arthur Rigg
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 18th May 1866.
We, ROBERT GRIFFITHS, of Rbual Issa, near Mold, in the County of Flint,
Engineer, and ARTHUR RIGG, junior, of the City of Chester, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR PROPELLING AND STEERING STEAM VESSELS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for changing
the direction of the current of water thrown backwards from screw propellers,
and relates to arrangements of blades or vanes placed at the rear of screw
propellers, as described in the Specification of a Patent granted to the said
Arthur Rigg, junior, dated April 7th, 1864, Number 874. In place of
employing a number of fixed curved blades or vanes placed radially and
incapable of separate or general adjustment, as described in the Specification
above referred to, we use one or more of such blades or vanes capable of
being adjusted in position at different angles from time to time as circumstances
may require. An arrangement which we have found to answer in accordance
with our present improvements consists of two blades either curved or flat
placed one above and the other below the centre or axis of the screw propeller.
These blades are attached behind the screw and may be placed radially, or

page_text: nearly so; suitable shafts and apparatus are connected with these blades, and
passing to the deck of the vessel or other convenient place are arranged so as
to control the angle or position of the blades in relation to the screw propeller
from time to time as may be required; several blades or vanes of this character
may be arranged so as to be capable of adjustment either separately or all
together, or one only of such blades or vanes may be employed. In the case
of one or two blades or vanes only being employed, and if it be preferred to
have them fixed, the stern or rudder post may be so shaped as to act upon the
column of water projected backwards from the screw in like manner to the
arrangement of the blades or vanes previously described. Apparatus arranged
in this manner will also aid in steering the vessel.
IMPROVED ARRANGEMENTS AND APPARATUS FOR DISTILLING
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Carnegie Kirk at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 14th
February 1866.
1, ALEXANDER CARNEGIE KIRK, of Auchenhard, in the County of Lin-
lithgow, North Britain, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVED ARRANGEMENTS AND APPARATUS FOR DISTILLING," to
be as follows, that is to say:
This Invention of improved arrangements for distilling consists in the
employment in suitable apparatus of lead or other comparatively fusible metal
for the purpose of effecting the distillation under more than atmospheric
pressure; and the improved arrangements are applicable in treating solid or
liquid hydrocarbons or other substances, between which and the fusible metal
there is no inconvenient chemical action.
The apparatus employed in carrying out the Invention may be of various
forms and proportions, but it is essential to make it long enough vertically to
contain the fusible metal to a depth necessary to give the desired pressure at
or near the bottom of the vessel. This vessel or apparatus is to be enclosed
in a furnace or oven capable of heating the entire depth of metal at least
sufficiently to keep it in a state of fusion; and it is fitted with an alembic head
for conducting away the volatile products of distillation. The substance to
be distilled is introduced at or near the bottom of the distilling vessel by a
pipe dipping down through the melted metal or otherwise, and being lighter
than the metal it at once rises to the surface, being of course simultaneously

page_text: subjected to the distillatory action of the heat and to the pressure of the
melted metal. The volatile products pass off by the exit tube whilst liquid or
solid residues float on the surface of the metal. By way of example it may
be mentioned that amongst other uses it is intended to apply these improved
arrangements with the view of obtaining lighter hydrocarbons from heavier.
liquid and solid hydrocarbons. Solid hydrocarbons may be melted before
introducing them into the apparatus.
CERTAIN IMPROVE- MENTS IN WEARING APPAREL
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmund Pearson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th June
1866.
I, EDMUND PEARSON, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Merchant,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS IN WEARING APPAREL," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to that description of wearing apparel called shirts,
and is designed for the purpose of providing the wearer with a shirt which is
easily put on or taken off, and also ensuring by its peculiar construction a
perfect fit that readily adjusts itself to the action of the wearer.
The improvements consist in making a shirt that shall cover the upper
part of the body from the neck to the waist and to be worn over another
shirt of ordinary construction, the improved upper vest shirt is made without
sleeves and is arranged so as to fasten or be joined together with buttons, studs,
or other similar fastener up the front, by this means a better fit is insured
and the wearer is provided with a clean shirt that is easily and readily "donned"
when the under sheet is a little soiled.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CRINOLINE SKIRTS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henri Adrien Bonneville at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
April 1866. A communication from Leon Maxe Werly, residing at
Boulevard Sebastopol, Paris, in the Empire of France.
I, HENRI ADRIEN BONNEVILLE, of the British and Foreign Patent Offices,
24, Rue du Mont Thabor, Paris, in the Empire of France, and 38, Porchester
Terrace, Bayswater, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN CRINOLINE
SKIRTS," communicated by Leon Maxe Werly, a person residing at Boulevard
Sebastopol, Paris, in the Empire of France, aforesaid, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved construction of the article of female
apparel known as the crinoline skirt. It consists in forming the crinoline of
two plates of steel of suitable dimensions, which, when combined with the
waistband have a longitudinal or perpendicular position on the abdomen.
To each of these plates are attached the ends of four hoops or steel bands-
which encircle the loins. Below the four steel bands is placed a fifth, which
quite surrounds the body of the wearer, and to which are fixed a suitable
number of steel bands having an elongated radiating position, and forming a
projection behind for supporting the dress. Thus only one hoop or ring,. the
fifth, quite surrounds the body, and greater ease and elegance are given to the
wearer.
AN IMPROVED MODE OP AND APPARATUS FOR DETERMINING THE ACTINIC POWER OF LIGHT
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Louis Bing at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 13th September
1866.
I, LOUIS BING, of Bishop Stortford, in the County of Hertford, Artist,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE
OP AND APPARATUS FOR DETERMINING THE ACTINIC POWER OF LIGHT," to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is to measure the actinic power of light
numerically in the same manner that temperature is measured for the purposes
of photography and other purposes connected with scientific investigation.
To this end I produce a graduated transparent medium varying in transparency
from the unit to any required degree of opacity, and to this medium I apply a
sensitized strip or sheet of paper, placing it under the transparent medium for
the purpose of exposing it to the action of the light, and thereby obtaining an
indication of the power of the actinic rays. By this means the photographer
is enabled to decide with precision the length of exposure required for his
plate or printing paper to obtain certain determined results. The transparent
medium may be constructed by the use of overlying plates of talc, glass, or
gelatine, the unit of transparency being one thickness of the plate, and the
transparency gradually decreasing by superimposing a gradually increasing

page_text: number of plates until any required degree of opacity is reached. I prefer,
however, to use for the transparent medium a glass vessel having two flat sides
and filled with any suitable colored solution not affected by light. The upper
plate will have an inclination from the lower plate both in the direction of its
length and breadth, that is, from say the left-hand corner upwards, and also
upwards to the right. Thus the vessel will be wedge-shaped, tapering in two
directions to the corner which I term the unit corner. The whole of the
lower transparent surface of the vessel I propose to divide into squares of
equal size, and to number them from left to right with increasing numbers,
and also from the lower and thinner end or edge of the wedge-shaped vessel
to the thicker end. The numbers will commence from the unit corner of the
lowest series of squares, and continue to increase throughout the whole surface
of the instrument, according as the sectional thickness of the light-transmitting
medium increases, or as its transparency diminishes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF HEALDS AND REEDS OR COMBS, AND IN THE MACHINERY EMPLOYED THEREIN
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Richmond, Thomas
Richmond, and James Richmond at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 24th February 1866.
We, WILLIAM RICHMOND, Manufacturer, THOMAS RICHMOND, Grocer, and
JAMES RICHMOND, Draper, all of Burnley, in the County of Lancaster, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF HEALDS AND REEDS OR COMBS, AND IN THE MACHINERY EMPLOYED
THEREIN," to be as follows:-
In manufacturing healds according to our Invention we employ a creel
with twice as many bobbins or cops as there are eyes in the finished heald,
on these bobbins or cops the yarn for making the heald is wound, or the yarn
may be wound on a beam. All the ends of yarn are taken through a reed or
comb of the ordinary construction, or constructed according to our improve-
ments as herein-after described, two ends in each dent or space, the metal or
other eyes are then put on, two ends go through each eye, and any number of
eyes can be put on for any number of staves or healds at one time. When
the eyes are put on they stand in rows of the breath of the heald required,
the ends are then drawn forward through the eyes all at one time to any
length that may be required, each front row of eyes is then brought forward
at one time and placed at equal distances apart. The heald staves are then

page_text: placed across the yarn both underneath, in between, and on the top; the
surface of each stave nearest the yarn is coated with glue, paste or cement,
pressed and secured all at one time; the staves are then separated and turned
back to back and again secured together, thus completing the heald; or instead
of securing the ends of yarn to wood staves they can be secured to strips of
paper, cloth, or leather, by glue, paste, or cement, and afterwards fixed to
the heald staves, the healds may be made of cotton or other yarn or of metal
wire. Our improved reed or comb is made to expand or contract, and
consists of two flat metal bars which stand parallel to each others a little
distance apart; through this opening or slot the dents are placed, and each
dent then drops in a groove in a flat bar placed underneath; between each of
these dents there is placed a wedge, all the thick ends of the wedges being
on one side; when these wedges are moved forward by a flat bar worked by
a screw the reed or comb expands, and when they are moved back in the
same manner by a bar on the opposite side they contract the wedges, and
dents are secured and braced together by a screw at each end.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF KAMPTULICON AND OTHER SIMILAR FABRICS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Caleb Tayler, William Dyer, Harry
and John Dooley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 1st January 1866.
We, CALEB TAYLER, WILLIAM DYER, HARRY and JOHN DOOLEY, all of the
Kamptulicon Works, Deptford Green, in the County of Kent, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF KAMPTULICON AND OTHER SIMILAR FABRICS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
kamptulicon and similar fabrics. In the manufacture of kamptulicon and
similar fabrics, which consist of ground cork or such like powder mixed with
india-rubber or other gum or like material, it is desirable to roll it out and
spread it on a back of woven fabric, but great difficulty is experienced in
doing this as the woven fabric is very frequently torn as it passes the nip of
the spreading rollers. Now we have found that this may be prevented by
placing under the fabric which is being spread or coated a second similar
fabric, so that the two fabrics pass together between the rollers; in this way
the material becomes very firmly attached to the upper fabric, so that it is not
liable afterwards to strip. The under fabric is separated, and if desired may
be similarly spread, another fabric being passed through the roller underneath

page_text: it as described. The lower sheet may, if desired, be of wire cloth, or a lower
sheet of any other suitable material may be employed. The tearing of the
cloth in the process of spreading may also be avoided by grooving or rough-
ening the lower roller, which beretofore has been used with a smooth and
polished surface.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jacob Snider at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 29th January
1866.
I, JACOB SNIDER, junior, of Pennsylvania, in the United States of America,
but now of Lamb's Conduit Street, London, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BREECH-LOADING
FIRE-ARMS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to those kinds of breech-loading fire-arms in which
the solid breech piece is hinged to the barrel or to the shoe by which the
breech-loading apparatus is carried by means of a longitudinal bar or pin or
other analogous contrivance. In all such cases in which the solid breech
piece is employed for the purpose of withdrawing the cartridge case after
discharge that object is effected by turning over the solid breech piece and
thus opening the breech chamber (in which operation the said bar or pin
acts as a hinge), and then drawing back the breech piece (the said bar or
pin serving as a guide) until the cartridge case is withdrawn by means of the
contrivance connected with the breech piece for that purpose. In the methods
of construction hitherto adopted it has then been necessary to push the solid
breech piece to its original position preparatory to closing the breech chamber.
The present Invention consists in arranging a spiral or other suitable spring
upon or in connection with the said bar or pin, so that upon the solid breech
piece being relieved from the pressure by which it is pulled back for

page_text: the extraction of the cartridge case from the barrel it will be pushed or drawn
by the recoil of the spring into its original position, and be placed in perfect
coincidence with the breech chamber and ready for closing the same by being
simply turned upon the said pin or bar as a hinge.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING OR DRESSING STONE FOR BUILDING PURPOSES, AND FOR MOULDING AND TURNING SAME FOR ARCHITECTURAL PURPOSES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Hitchins and William Wood
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 10th November 1866.
HENRY HITOHINS, of No. 28, Grosvenor Street West, Eaton Square,
and WILLIAM WOOD, of 27, New Weston Street, Bermondsey, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR CUTTING OR DRESSING STONE FOR BUILDING PURPOSES, AND FOR MOULDING AND
TURNING SAME FOR ARCHITECTURAL PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
The stone to be cut or dressed or moulded is placed upon a travelling or
revolving platform, and caused by the aid of machinery to slide under a
framework of wood, iron, or other metal, in which are fixed cutters, chissels,
or pecks used for the cutting, dressing, or moulding the stone in order to bring
the stone in contact with the cutters, chissels, or pecks fixed in the said frame.
When the stone is to be turned it is made to rotate on centres, a vertical or
curvilinear motion is given to the frame containing the cutters, chissels, or,
pecks, throngh the medium of tumblers, cams, tappets, eccentrics, or cranks,
all or either being put in motion by means of wind, water, steam, air,
compressed air, galvanism, electro-magnetism, human or other motive
power. The cutters, chissels, or pecks are heightened or depressed as may
be necessary to form the pattern of the moulding required. The force of

page_text: the blow necessary for cutting, dressing, moulding, or turning the stone may
be modified by shortening the stroke or length of the vertical or curvilinear
-motion of the frame of the cutters, chissels, or pecks by acting on the levers
used in lowering the frame containing the cutters, chissels, or pecks by means
of tumblers, cams, tappets, eccentrics, or cranks, all or either. The surface of
the stone under process of cutting may be kept clear by air being forced on
to the surface of it, so that the chips and dust should form no obstacle to the
chissels, cutters, or pecks acting on the stone.
THE APPLICATION OF A NEW MATERIAL TO THE PURPOSE OF RENDERING GUNPOWDER NON-EXPLOSIVE
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Davidson Plimsoll at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
June 1866
L, HENRY DAVIDSON PLIMSOLL, of 13, Ampthill Square, Hampstead Road,
in the County of Middlesex, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "THE APPLICATION OF A NEW MATERIAL TO THE PURPOSE OF
RENDERING GUNPOWDER NON-EXPLOSIVE," to be as follows' :—
My Invention has for its object the use of a material to be mixed with
gunpowder, which material is more economical, occupies less, space, and is
more easily and expeditiously separated from the gunpowder when required
than the material hitherto employed.
The material intended to be used for the purpose is titaniferous iron sand
reduced to powder, which material being of greater specific gravity than the
material hitherto used is thereby proportionately adapted for use in smaller
proportions in order to render gunpowder non-explosive. It is also more
easily separated from the gunpowder by reason of its being susceptible. of
magnetic attraction.
The sand is first prepared for use by clearing it from foreign matter. This
is or may be effected by means of mechanism similar to that herein-after
described for separating the pulverised sand from the gunpowder,, after which
it is reduced to powder by mechanism in ordinary use for such purpose. The
pulverised sand after being thus prepared is mixed with the gunpowder by the
ordinary means, but it is or may be separated therefrom, when required, by
the agency of magnetism instead of by means of a sieve or other similar

page_text: apparatus as usual. For this purpose the material composed of gunpowder and
pulverised sand in a mixed state is deposited through a hopper on to an endless
feeding cloth passing over a roller and a cylinder of magnetised iron. By the
revolution of the cylinder and the roller the feeding cloth is caused to travel
with its upper surface leading from the roller to the cylinder, and by this
means the mixed material as it falls from the hopper on to the feeding cloth
is carried forwards towards the cylinder. As the mixed material passes round
the cylinder the pulverised titaniferous iron sand alone is attracted towards the
cylinder, and is thus separated from the gunpowder, which is allowed to fall
into any convenient receptacle placed below. The feeding cloth continues to
travel until its under side has passed beyond the attractive influence of the
cylinder, when the pulverised sand is allowed to drop off. If required a brush
or brushes may be fixed so as to be in contact with the under side of the
travelling cloth and clean it from the sand as the cloth advances towards the
roller.
The pulverised sand may be separated from the gunpowder by sifting in
the ordinary manner, but I prefer to employ the means above described for
the purpose.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE ORNAMENTATION OF SILK AND SATIN FABRICS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Edwin Higson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
February 1866.
I, RICHARD EDWIN HIGSON, of the Firm of Higson and Brothers, of
Macclesfield, in the County of Chester, Silk Manufacturers, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
ORNAMENTATION OF SILK AND SATIN FABRICS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates to the ornamentation of silk or satin fabrics which
are to be made into ties, scarfs, and square kerchiefs. The improvements
consist in forming designs of lace or other slight patterns by bending flat-
surfaced wire on edge into such forms and inserting it into wood, or by
raising the device in relief in wood or similar material; such elevations are
then to be covered with paint, and the designs thus raised are to be
impressed and transferred to the surface of the silk or satin fabric. The
feature of the Invention being the use of paint in combination with the
forms by which the pattern is impressed and transferred, such fabrics
having been difficult to impress with permanent designs hitherto.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CARDING WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Law at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th November
1866.
I, JAMES LAW, of Cleckheaton, in the County of York, Card Maker, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR CARDING WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to the machine known as the "condenser," and of
that kind wherewith stripping pullies are employed.
The improvements consist, firstly, in constructing these stripping pullies so
that the flanges will project above the points of the card teeth, whereby the
teeth are supported on the edges or sides and prevented from being broken
down, the flanges enter and run in the grooves or spaces left betwixt the
rings of cards on the doffer, and thereby divide the carded fibre into the
required strips or threads; secondly, in the construction of a roller for
stripping these pullies, formed by cutting a series of grooves therein, or
placing a series of separate bosses of the required size on a plain shaft;
thirdly, in clothing or covering the doffer with that class of cards called
"filleting," and allowing the said flanges of the stripping pullies to penetrate
and form their own grooves or spaces in the said card clothing.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR ADMINISTERING VAPOUR BATHS AND FOMENTATIONS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Henry Bollans at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th October
1866.
I, ROBERT HENRY BOLLANS, of York, in the County of York, Brazier,, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR
ADMINISTERING VAPOUR BATHS AND FOMENTATIONS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improved apparatus which will greatly facilitate
the administration of vapours whether medicated or not, and fomentations to
patients requiring the same. The apparatus may be described as a gauze or it may
be a glazed lantern fitted with a removable spirit lamp having any given number
of burners, say, three or four, which burners surround the pointed termination
of an inverted conical boiler. This boiler is supported by the frame of the
lantern, and it is provided at top with a steam supply pipe and with a
self-acting ball escape valve for regulating the pressure of the steam within the
boiler. For the purpose of medicating the steam a closed box is fitted to the
steam supply pipe provided with a gauze or other porous diaphragm for
supporting the medicinal substance to be volatilized, and the steam is admitted
to and passed through the box. A flexible tube fitted to a pipe in the top
or lid of the box, and, terminating in a dish-shaped vessel conducts the steam
to the patient who may be subjected in any approved manner to the action
of the vapour. The dish will catch the condensed steam. When it is required
to administer fomentations there is fitted to the end of the flexible tube a dish-
shaped metal shield of any desired form to suit the part to be subjected to

page_text: fomentation, and to the dish is affixed a wire gauze cover. Steam is admitted
to the space between the shield, and the cover and the shield being inserted
in a flannel bag or swathed in flannel will transmit heat and moisture
thereto, which may be maintained for any given time, thus rendering it
unnecessary to remove or change the flannels until the administration of the
fomentation is completed.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN SASH FASTENINGS, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Baker at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd January 1866.
I, THOMAS BAKER, of Station Road, Forest Gate, in the County of Essex,
Builder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SASH FASTENINGS, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO OTHER
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My improvements in sash fastenings consists of a screw working in two
threaded sockets, which threaded sockets are attached to or cast with flat
pieces with screw holes for fixing to the window sashes, the screw is prevented
from being fully drawn out or separated from one socket by means of a collar
or other contrivance; I fix the socket to which the screw is attached to the
inner sash, and the other socket to the outer sash, and when the window is
closed the two sockets are opposite, so that by turning the screw into the
op posite socket the window is thereby most securely and closely fastened,
which prevents draught and other anoyances.
A NEW PROCESS FOR OBTAINING ANILINE YELLOW
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Adolphe Antoine Jaeger, at the
Office of the "Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
March 1866.
I, ADOLPHE ANTOINE JAEGER, of Neilston, near Glasgow, Scotland, Chemist,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW PROCESS
FOR OBTAINING ANILINE YELLOW," to be as follows:-
To obtain my new coloring substance I use commercial aniline, which is a
mixture of toluidine and aniline. I take 100 parts of chlorhydrate of aniline,
which I mix with 40 parts of water in a glass balloon or a porcelain vessel;
then I add to this mixture 40 parts of liquid nitrate of mercury; after having
well stirred and thoroughly mixed these matters together I let them settle for.
24 hours; in the meantime a thick pulp is formed in the nature of a hard
mass divided into two separate yellow layers; the upper layer is of a flaky
light orange yellow colour and is almost entirely soluble in boiling water, in
which whilst cooling down it settles in amber yellow flakes. To extract this
coloring matter I cause the produce obtained by the first operation to boil
twice with 500 parts of water. I decant the then boiling yellow liquid, and
the coloring matter precipitates in cooling down. When the colouring matter
is well settled I pour it all into a woollen filter, and when the produce is well
dropped I dissolve the precipitate with its treble weight of methylated spirit
(or spirit of wood); this solution serves to dye silk or wool of a fine golden
yellow.

page_text: The second or inferior layer of the mass obtained by the first process of
boiling is of a deep brown yellow, not soluble in boiling water but soluble in
alcohol, spirit of wood, or acetic acid; when dissolved in one of these dissolvents
I use this matter to die and print cotton of an orange yellow. Wool and silk
may be also printed with the said matter. In the process of reaction of the
nitrate of mercury on the chlorhydrate of aniline, the toluidine and aniline
separate almost entirely from each other; the upper layer is principally formed
pure aniline, whilst the inferior layer principally contains toluidine. Instead
of chlorhydrate of aniline I may for the production of my new coloring matter
use sulphate or nitrate of aniline, either of which gives with the assistance of
nitrate of mercury very fine yellow hues.
of
I wish it to be well understood that I reserve to myself the right of
indiscriminately using in my process either the sulphate or the chlorhydrate
or the nitrate of aniline.
:
IMPROVEMENTS IN GALVANIC BATTERIES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Walker Moseley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th March
1866.
I, WALKER MOSELEY, of Nos. 17 and 18, King Street, Covent Garden,
in the County of Middlesex, Electrician, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GALVANIC BATTERIES," to be as
follows:-
The said improvements relate to a peculiar construction of galvanic or
voltaic batteries, wherein the exciting fluid can be separated from or brought
into contact with the metallic plates or poles of the battery at pleasure, the
action of the fluid upon the plates taking place only when the apparatus is
being used. A great saving both in the fluid and plates is thereby effected,
and the necessity of insulating the conducting wires to the extent usually
required is obviated.
The metallic plates, which are preferably of zinc or platinum, are contained
in suitable cells fixed or formed in a circular gutta percha cup or basin which
is placed in an inverted position in a box or case of wood, porcelain, or other
suitable material, the said cup being provided with suitable .stops or con-
nections for securing the ends of the conducting wires. An expanding bag
of prepared india-rubber is securely attached to the mouth of the gutta
percha cup or basin, and is preferably of such a capacity as to contain, when
expanded, the whole of the exciting fluid at a level just below the lower edges
of the metallic- plates. When this bag is squeezed or compressed the said

page_text: exciting fluid will be forced up into the gutta percha cup or basin, and will
completely cover the metallic plates. The bottom of the expanding bag rests
upon the end of a lever which is curved to suit the shape of the said bag; this
lever is pivotted or jointed to one side of the outer box or case, its upper end
extending upwards to the top of the gutta percha cup or basin, in which an
orifice is formed to serve as an air vent; this orifice is provided with a valve
capable of being opened and closed when required by the bent lever, the said
lever having an arm extending upward outside.the box provided with a knob
or handle.
When the battery is to be used the lever is moved to compress the india-
rubber bag which causes the fluid contained therein to rise and fill the cells
of the battery and cover the metallic plates therein; at the same time the
valve covering the air vent is opened and allows the confined air to escape
from the interior of the gutta percha cup or basin. The lever is prevented
being drawn back too far by coming in contact with the sides of the box or
case, or by a stop fixed thereon.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LETTER BOXES AND LETTER PILLARS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Dennis at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th September
1866.
I, WILLIAM DENNIS, of No. 57, Aldermanbury, in the City of London,
Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LETTER BOXES AND LETTER PILLARS," to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is to secure letter boxes from having letters
extracted therefrom. I effect this by constructing a box with or without
a fan wheel at the aperture, and dividing the box about the centre
with two pieces of metal in a triangular form, or like the letter V,.with or
without a flap joint near the point; the flap joint is shut by an hinge
made to balance and close of itself after a letter has pushed it open in
descending and passed through into the bottom of the box. The letter boxes
are made semicircular or square. In letter pillars I place
I place a bag having
iron rims similar to carpet bags, with one or more spring locks. Two doors
are made, one inside the other. On opening the first door a handle or knob
must be pulled before the inner door can be opened, when this handle or
knob, having a metal rod with a projection at the end, pulls the two rings
together so as to lock the bag and at the same time releases the lock, so that

page_text: the inner door can be opened and the bag with letters taken out locked.
The releasing the lock is effected by having a spring which presses against
the bolt of the lock and by a projection which passes through the rim of
the bag next the door; it is forced back by the action of the other rim coming
against it, and thus permits the bolt of the lock to be turned back by the key
in the lock.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ENVELOPES AND OF PAPER FOR MAKING ENVELOPES
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Dudley Rolls at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th August
1866.
I, DUDLEY ROLLS, of 9 and 10, Bennet's Hill, Doctors' Commons, and
218, Upper Thames Street, in the City of London, do bereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
ENVELOPES AND OF PAPER FOR MAKING ENVELOPES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of
envelopes and of paper for making envelopes.
In some descriptions of envelopes it is required that a watermark line
should run horizontally from side to side of the envelope parallel to the top
and bottom thereof; such envelopes are at present cut from sheets of paper
in which the watermark lines run parallel to the length of the sheet or at
right angles thereto, and there is necessarily a great deal of waste in cutting as
the envelopes must be cut straight across or along the paper, and not at an
angle as is usual when cutting envelopes from plain paper.
Now according to my Invention I make paper with straight watermark
lines running diagonally or at an angle from side to side of the sheet of paper,
and I use such paper for making envelopes. The envelopes are cut at an angle
in the same way as plain envelopes are cut, and the inclination at which the

page_text: envelopes are cut corresponds with the inclination at which the watermark
lines are produced on the paper, so that the one neutralizes the other; in
this way envelopes with watermark lines running horizontally are obtained
without any but the ordinary waste, and a considerable economy in the
manufacture results.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING LACE FABRICS TO MAKE THEM INTO BONNET OR CAP FRONTS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Grey Hill at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 27th February
1866.
I, CHARLES GREY HILL, of Commerce Square, High Pavement, in the Town
and County of the Town of Nottingham, Lace Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING LACE FABRICS TO MAKE THEM INTO BONNET OR CAP
FRONTS," to be as follows:-
These improvements relate to the forming of one or both edges of one or
more "breadths" of lace fabrics into various shapes, whether vandyke,
scollop, or other shape, placed or disposed next to each other in such manner
that the various shapes are repeated along the edge or edges of the "breadth
or "breadths" of the lace fabrics previously to making up such fabrics into
bonnet or cap fronts. I shape the edge or edges by cutting, stamping, or
punching them in manner following:-
First, by placing the folded lace between two plates, which grip the same
firmly while the edge or edges thereof are operated upon by a knife or other
cutting instrument, the edge of which is made to follow the edges of the
gripping plates, which edges are made of the required forms, the lower plate
is secured to a bed, and the upper plate is brought down upon it by means of
a bar connected with it, and worked by a treadle, or the upper plate may be
moved by a cam or cams and levers, or other equivalent contrivance.

page_text: Second, instead of the two plates above mentioned I sometimes employ a
bed plate pierced with the required continuous shape or shapes. Above this
bed plate is a similar plate also pierced, through which I pass a punch or
à series of punches, or a cutter or cutters of shape corresponding to the lower
plate above mentioned. These punches or cutters I force from the upper
plate to the lower plate, and through the lace fabrics, so that the lace fabrics
are severed into the required shapes. I work the upper plate and the punches
or cutters by hand or foot, or by means of a cam or cams and levers, or other
like equivalent contrivance.
AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR RECOVERING AND UTILIZING CERTAIN WASTE METALLIC PRODUCTS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Henry Shorthouse and John
Ferguson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 31st October 1866.
We, JOSEPH HENRY SHORTHOUSE, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manufacturing Chemist, and JOHN FERGUSON, also of Birmingham, aforesaid,
Practical Chemist, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR RECOVERING AND UTILIZING CERTAIN WASTE METALLIC
PRODUCTS," to be as follows (that is to say) :-
Our Invention relates purely to the recovery and utilizing of certain waste
metallic products, and consists in the separation of the tin from the iron of the
refuse tin plates produced by workers of tin plates by putting a quantity of
such tinned scrap iron as may be convenient into a wooden, slate, or other
suitable tank, and then pouring thereon "pickle" or any acidulated salt of
copper in solution, or the mother liquor from the crystalization of sulphate of
copper diluted with about one-fourth of water, sufficient liquid being employed
to cover the scrap tin; but we prefer using as a solvent the "pickle" usually
produced in the process of dipping copper or brass articles. The action of
such solution on the tin is to reduce the copper contained in solution to a
metallic state. The zinc in solution will be available for galvanizers or other
metal workers. The tin of the solution left after the precipitation of the copper

page_text: is also precipitated by sheet zinc into a metallic state; or the tin may be
precipitated with carbonate of lime. The oxide and peroxide of tin may be
again dissolved in hydrochloric acid or reduced to the metallic state with the
usual fluxes.
The sheet iron thus freed from its coating of tin becomes scrap to be worked;
up and again utilized as now commonly practised.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1866

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Russ, Henry Hammond,
and Edwin Hammond at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 14th March 1866.
We, EDWIN RUSS, HENRY HAMMOND, and EDWIN HAMMOND, all of
Winchester, in the County of Hants, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-ARMS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention primarily consists in uniting to or forming in a piece with
the breech end of a barrel or muzzle a metal ☐ shaped plate to receive
a solid plug or breech lump as hereafter described.
We hinge the solid plug to the side of the metal bed plate, and along which
latter the plug has a slight lateral motion. The rear end of the solid plug has
inserted in it a cam or lug receiving motion from a lever on the top and outside
of the said plug; this cam or lug when the breech is locked enters an
aperture or slight cavity formed in the rear end of the metal bed plate while
the forward end of the plug enters a recess formed or cut in the forward end
of the metal plate. In this manner the solid plug is firmly held (and at the
same time secured by the cam or lug) within the flat metal plate before
described.
When used as a breech-loader we use an ordinary pin cartridge, which is
inserted in the breech of the barrel and exploded by a lengthened arm on the
hammer of the fire-arm.

page_text: When the arm is used as a muzzle-loader, and fired with ordinary ammu-
nition, we insert in the rear end of the barrel a metal case or chamber having
an aperture formed in the centre of the base thereof for the passage of the
fire flash; the inside end of this case or chamber is made somewhat conical.
To enable the fire from the cap to pass from the nipple, which is on the hinged
and solid breech plug, to the centre of the metal case before described, wo
insert in the forward end of the plug a movable pin capable of receiving
motion from a nipple screw, and according to the direction in which it is
turned so the aperture leading from the nipple to the metal case is opened or
closed.