MAKING OYL OF TAB AND LAMP BLACK
Year: 1753

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME.
KNOW YE, that His present Matye King George the Second, by His
Letters Patent under the Great Seal, bearing date at Westminster, the
Thirteenth day of Jañry, in the twenty-sixth year of His reign, hath for
Himself, His heirs and successors, given and granted unto JOHN BAKER,
now of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Merchant, by the name
and descripčon of John Baker, of Bakewell, in the County of Derby, Mer-
chant, and to his executors, adiiors, and assigns, especial lycence, full power,
sole priviledge and authority, to make, use, exercise, and vend, within
that part of Great Brittain called England, Dominion of Wales, and Town of
Berwick-upon-Tweed, his new Invention, art, or method of "MAKING OYL OF
TAB AND LAMP BLACK," for the term of years therein expressed, according to
the form of the Statute in such case made and provided; in which said
Letters Patent there is contained a provisoe obliging the said John Baker
to cause a particular discripcon of the nature of his Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in His Matie's High
Court of Chancery within three calendar months after the date of the said
reciting Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto
had, may more at large appear.
THEREFORE FURTHER KNOW YE, that I, the said John Baker, in
pursuance of the intentions of the said Letters Patent, and of the provisoe
therein contained, do hereby fully and particularly describe and ascertain the

page_text: nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, in the manner following (that is to say):-
The method of colecting and saveing the oyl of tar is by boiling the tar in a
copper still or a limbick covered with a cap of the same metal, out of the
crown of which ariseth a tube pretty wide at the joyning to the head, and
decreasing as it extends to about half the diameter. This tube to be bent in
the form of a swan neck, and do extend itself eight inches beyond the outside
of the still, and then to be introduced into the wider end of a pewter worm
which is passed through a tub of water, which condenseth the oyl that ariseth
from the tar in form of a vapour, and is received at the bottom of the worm
into any vessell, as in the comon method of distilling; but as tar, while
there is any mixture of water (which scarce any is without), will not bear
boyiling in a close vessell by reason of its frothing and expanding itself, which
very much endangers the bursting of the still, throwing off the head, or at
least the raiseing it into the swan neck and runing through the worm, which
makes it so foul as not to be fit for use. To avoid such inconveniencys I have
taken the two following methods:-First, to boil the tar slowly in an open
vessell, where by stirring it is kept within bounds till the water is evaporated,
after which it will bear a sufficient heat in the still to raise the oyl; but in
this method there is a loss of the finest and most volatile oyl, which goeth off
with the water; to avoid which, I have made the following alteračon in the
comon still, by which the tar may be boiled in it without any preparačon or
loss of oyl, which is, by fixing about the middle of the still a tube or cylinder
of at least one sixth the diameter of the still, to lye in an horizontal manner,
through which the tar may freely pass when it begins to rise in the still into a
cistern set to receive it, by which meanes the bursting of the still or riseing into
the swan neck is quite prevented. This said tube is to be made something like
a capital L turned thus, the top of which is to be introduced into the still, and
to pass through the side of the cistern, to which it is to be soldered, and
into which it is to discharge itself at the lower end. The cistern is to be filled
with tar to the under side of the horizontal tube, into which the lower ond
must dip at least four inches, which is to prevent the vapour issuing out. When
the tar riseth fast in the cistern, the fire must be cooled. When the oyl begins
to thicken, the pitch is hoyled enough, and is then to be let off by a pipe fixt
in the bottom of the still for that purpose. The method of makeing pitch
abroad is by fireing the tar, which burns out the oyl, and affords a great
quantity of soot, which makes excellent lamp black, but being burnt in the
open air is all lost; but, being burnt under a wide chimney covered with thin
convas, may be saved. The canvas must be often beat on or it will clogg up,

page_text: and not permitt the air to pass. All which is a full and true descripcon of my
said Invention.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Baker, have hereunto sett my hand
and seale, this Twenty-sixth day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand seven hundred and fifty-three, and in the Twenty-sixth
year of the reign of His present Mätie King George the Second over
Great Britain. &c.
JOHN BAKER.
IXOUGH, XU.
Sealed and delivered (being first duly
stampt with a five shilling stamp)
in the presence of us,
J⚫ HOUGH.
JN MANDER.
AND BE IT REMEMBRED, that the Twenty-sixth day of March, in
the year above written, the aforesaid John Baker came before our said
Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Indre aforesaid,
and all and every thing therein contained and specifyed, in form above
written. And also the Indre aforesaid was stampt according to the tenor
of the Statute made in the sixth year of the reign of the late King and
Queen William and Mary of England, and so forth.
Inrolled the Twenty-ninth day of March, in the year above written.