AN IMPROVED PLOUGH
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Conradi, of 8, Lower James Street, Golden
Square, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED
PLOUGH." A communication from abroad by William Schwarz, of Neumark,
and August Binder, of Langenhagen, Prussia.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Conradi at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 4th February 1878.
HENRY CONRADI, of 8, Lower James Street, Golden Square, in the County of
Middlesex. "AN IMPROVED PLOUGH." [A communication from abroad by William
Schwarz, of Neumark, and August Binder, of Langenhagen, Prussia.]
To plant potatoes, carrots, and other plants, small holes of a certain size and at
certain distances have to be dug into the field to receive the seed fruit or the plant.
It is therefore essential, especially in regard to the very large and extensive culti-
vation of the potatoe, to carry out this work by machinery.
In most cases to plant potatoes grooves are made with the plough, into which, the
seed is thrown, but the successful planting or laying out, particularly as regards the
distances to be kept for the potatoe seed, depends entirely upon the skill and know-
ledge of the labourer to whom this work is confided.
The necessity to determine and to fix properly the points and distances where the
potatoe seed is to be sown or planted, created to that effect several designs of ploughs
working in that direction, but they did not fully meet the object in view. The
plough motion was not such as to force the diggers to keep firmly in the necessary
and proper position, so that in uneven places, or in case where it did encounter
stones or other hindrances, the diggers became lifted, and therefore no holes were
dug. The arrangement as shown in the enclosed Drawing avoids this irregular
action.
The dicicore 1
A food on

page_text: with a shaft b, which is cranked four times, the cranks standing at ninety degrees
(90°) to each other.
If the plough be drawn over the field the driving shaft o acts upon the cranks
shaft b, and makes it revolve by means of the gearing d, whereby, in the ratio of
the wheels, b makes five times as many revolutions as c. This ratio has been
chosen in order to obtain well proportionated distances for the holes to be dug, in
relation to the forward motion in a straight line of the plough.
The fulcrums of the levers of the plough or diggers lie in the main shaft c; they
are there fixed sideways by means of set rings. By displacing these set rings the
distances in width of these holes or small grooves can to a certain extent be
altered.
The diggers are forced into the ground in a certain ratio, and are compelled there-
fore to form the grooves wherever required, and in the manner clearly shown in the
constructive designs of the enclosed Drawing.
To properly guide the apparatus along the ground, and in order to produce
always grooves of the same depth, the guide wheels r, r, are fixed to the plough.
The improvements upon which the claims are based consist in the arrangement
of the diggers so as to be fixed to work or to digg the ground, according to require-
ments by means of crank shafts, securing by it an absolute, sure, and precise
working of the apparatus.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Henry Conradi in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 1st August
1878.
HENRY CONRADI, of 8, Lower James Street, Golden Square, in the County of
Middlesex. "AN IMPROVED PLOUGH." A communication from abroad by William
Schwarz, of Neumark, and August Binder, of Langenhagen, Prussia.
To plant potatoes, carrotts, and other plants, small holes of a certain size and in
certain distances have to be digged into the field to receive the seed fruit or the
plant. It is therefore essential, especially in regard to the very large and extensive
cultivation of the potatoe to carry out this work by machinery.
In most cases, to plant potatoes, grooves are made with the plough, into which the
seed is thrown, but the successful planting or laying out, particularly as regards the
distances to be kept, for the potatoe seed depends entirely upon the ability and.
reliability of the labourer to whom this work is confided.
The necessity to determine and to fix properly the points and distances where
the potatoe or other seed is to be sown or planted, created to that effect several
designs of plough working in that direction, but they did not fully meet the object
The plough motion was not such as to force the diggers to keep firmly in
the necessary and proper position, so that in uneven places, or in case where it did
in view.

page_text: encounter stones or other hindrances, the diggers became lifted, and therefore no
holes were digged. The arrangement as shown in the enclosed Drawing avoids this
irregular action.
The diggers 1, 2, 3, 4, fixed on to levers are connected by means of small rods a, a,
with a shaft b, which is cranked four times, the cranks standing at ninety degrees
(90°) to each other.
If the plough be drawn over the field, the driving shaft c acts upon the crank
shaft b, and makes it revolve by means of the gearing d, whereby, in the ratio of
the wheels, b makes five times as many revolutions as c. This ratio has been
chosen in order to obtain well proportionate distances for the holes to be digged, in
relation to the forward motion in a straight line of the plough.
The fulcrums of the levers of the plough or diggers lay in the main shaft c; the
levers are there fixed sideways by means of set rings. By displacing those set rings
the distances in width of those holes or small grooves can to a certain extent be
altered.
The diggers are therefore forced into the ground in a certain ratio, and are
compelled to form the grooves wherever required, and in the manner clearly shown
in the constructive designs of the enclosed Drawings.
To guide properly the apparatus along the ground, and in order to produce
always grooves of the same depth, the guide wheels r, ?, are fixed to the plough.
The improvements upon which the claims are based consists in the arrangement
of the diggers so as to be forced to work or digg the ground, according to require-
ments, by means of crank shafts or similar motions, securing by it an absolute, sure,
and precise working of the apparatus, as herein-before described and represented in
the adjoining Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Conradi, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Thirtieth day of July, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy-eight.
H. CONRADI. (LS.)