IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR DYEING, WASHING, AND BLEACHING FABRICS
Year: 1854

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Edward Newton, of the Office for Patents,
.66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, for the
Invention of "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR DYEING, WASHING, AND BLEACHING
FABRICS."A communication.
Sealed the 4th April 1854, and dated the 7th January 1854.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Edward Newton
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th January 1854.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR DYEING, WASHING, AND BLEACHING
FABRICS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in passing the goods to be dyed over the surface of a
pipe or cylinder which is perforated with fine holes or slits through which the
dyeing liquor is forced by means of a pump or in any other suitable manner,
and is thus caused to pass directly through the cloth, thereby displacing and
driving out the air with which the pores of the fabric may be filled, and
bringing the dyeing liquid instantaneously into contact with its fibres. The
perforated pipe is mounted in an oblong vat, and the fabric to be dyed is
passed from the roll under a solid roller mounted in the lower part of the vat,
then up over the perforated pipe, and down again under another solid roller,
and then out of the vat on to a cloth roll, round which it is wound. By this

page_text: means the fabric is strained over the perforated pipe, and the dyeing material
thereby enabled to penetrate it more effectually.
A similar arrangement of apparatus is applicable for washing and bleaching
fabrics, for which purposes a detergent or bleaching liquid must be passed
through the fabric from the perforated pipe, instead of a dyeing liquid.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed by
the said William Edward Newton in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 7th July 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of January, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, in the seventeenth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
William Edward Newton, Her special license that I, the said William
Edward Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said William Edward Newton, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time, and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR DYEING, WASHING, AND BLEACHING FABRICS," being a
communication from abroad, upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the
said William Edward Newton, by an instrument in writing, under my. hand
and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office, within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Edward Newton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed, and to the
letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
:-
This Invention consists of a novel arrangement or construction of apparatus
in which the material to be dyed is passed over the surface of a perforated

page_text: hollow cylinder or tube, the dyeing or other liquor being forced into the tube
and out at the perforations of the same in fine streams. The liquor will then
enter the body of the cloth which is passed through the machine from one
roller to another, and is caused to press tightly upon the surface of the cylinder,
and by the pressure put upon the liquor it will, as it passes into the cloth, displace
and force out the globules of air contained in the pores of the cloth, and ensure
the perfect saturation of those parts which are exposed to the action of the liquor.
In the accompanying Drawing Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the machine
employed for the purpose of dyeing, washing, and bleaching; and Fig. 2 is a
longitudinal vertical section of the same. A is the frame work of the machine;
B the trough or vat containing the dyeing liquor, supposing the operation of
dyeing to be performed; C is the tub in which this operation is carried on;
D is a reservoir in a sufficiently elevated position to produce the requisite
degree of pressure upon the liquor within the tube, the object of which will be
explained hereafter. E is an overflow pipe from the reservoir D to the vat B.
F is a force pump by which, through the means of the pipe G, the dyeing or
other liquor is forced from the vat B to the reservoir D. His a hollow
cylinder seen in section at Fig. 2, and which is pierced with the perforations a;
these perforations may be simple holes or slits, and should be so arranged that
the holes of one row may be opposite to the spaces of another. I is a pipe
which conducts the dyeing or other liquor from the reservoir D to the interior
of the perforated cylinder H. b, c, d, are stop-cocks, the object of which will be
explained hereafter. The cylinder H is stationary, but it is so constructed and
arranged that it may be turned round to bring the perforations a, either at the
top or bottom of the cylinder. Through the interior of this cylinder is passed'
a rod e, having attached to it a projection or wiper f. g is a crank attached to
the rod e, by which the latter may be turned, and any lint which may collect
and obstruct the passage of the liquor through the perforations a, may be
wiped off. K, L, M, O, are guide rollers, over which the cloth is fed through
the machine. The dyeing or other liquor may be forced uniformly through
the cylinder H, by means of a head from a reservoir above. This reservoir D
is shewn in the Drawing as attached to the standards of the apparatus; in
practice, however, it should be placed at a great distance above; as for
instance, in the upper storey of the building where the operation is performed.
In such case the force pump is made use of solely to raise the liquor to the
reservoir D; the cock.d, upon the pipe N, which opens a communication
between the pipes G and I, is then closed, and the cocks b, c, opened, the liquor
from the reservoir D, being allowed to pass freely down the pipe I, into the
cylinder H, and out at the perforations a, under a pressure due to the height of

page_text: the reservoir D. The liquor may also be forced through the perforations in the
cylinder H, by the direct action of the force pump F, the cock d, being opened
and b and c, being closed, the liquor passing through the branch pipe N into
the pipe I. In such case an air chamber P, may be adapted to the pipe G,
and for additional security it may sometimes, be found necessary to apply a
safety valve to this pipe or to some other part of the apparatus to guard against
the danger of an excess of pressure. It is obvious that the force with which
the liquor is caused to flow from the perforations a may be varied by operating
the machine by means of the force pump, the cock & being open, c closed, and
b partially open. If the latter be entirely open the liquor will be forced out
under a pressure due only to the height of the reservoir D. If the cock b, be
partially closed, so as to obstruct the passage of the liquor through the pipe G,
it will be forced into the cylinder H, under an increased pressure. R is a pipe
for the purpose of conducting the dyeing or other liquor that has passed through
the perforated cylinder back to the vat B. Under some circumstances it is
necessary to strain the liquor that has once passed through the cylinder before
permitting it to return to the vat B, in order to free it from any lint or other
impurities that it may have gathered while passing through the cloth.
In operating with this machine the cloth is fed in over the roller O, beneath
the roller M, up over the cylinder H, beneath the roller L, thence up over the
roller K, out of the machine, the dycing or other liquor being constantly forced
out at the perforations in the cylinder H, into the cloth as it passes over it.
Having now set forth the nature of the Invention of improved machinery for
dyeing, washing, and bleaching fabrics, as communicated to me by my foreign
correspondent, I wish it to be understood that under the above in part recited
Letters Patent I claim the above described machine or apparatus, to wit, the
combination of the perforated cylinder, constructed as described, with the force
pump or its equivalent, operating in the manner substantially as set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Newton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Third day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four.
Witness,
J. W. MOFFATT,
66, Chancery Lane.
W. E. NEWTON. (L.S.)