Improved Appliances for and Means of Facilitating and Securing. Accuracy in the Grinding of Flats and Doffer and in the Adjustment of Flats and the Bends on which they Work to the Cylinder in Revolving Flat Carding Engines.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd Feb., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 22nd Nov., 1889-Accepted, 15th Feb., 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improved Appliances for and Means of Facilitating and Securing.
Accuracy in the Grinding of Flats and Doffer and in the
Adjustment of Flats and the Bends on which they Work to
the Cylinder in Revolving Flat Carding Engines.
I, JOHN BULLOUGH of Globe Works Accrington in the County of Lancaster,
Machine Maker, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention has for its object to ascertain accurately how far the flats are from the
cylinder in flat carding engines in order to judge how far it is safe to lower them,
and further my object is to secure greater accuracy in grinding flats and doffers and
greater perfection in adjusting the flats and the bends on which the work to the
cylinder.
To accomplish this object I make use of a dummy flat, that is; a flat not flat not
necessarily intended to do the work of carding as ordinary flats do but to assist in
determining how far the working flats are from the surface of the working cylinder.
This dummy flat is of the ordinary construction but instead of being covered with wire
it is covered with Ebonite, Wood, Lead, Copper, or some such material, the material
to be such as will yield to the grinding roller without wearing the latter unduly. This
Flat works on slides or shoes along with the others, and goes through the same
operation of grinding with these slides or shoes on, as the other flats. From this it
will be seen that the Ebonite, Wood, Lead or whatever metal or substance it is
covered with will stand about the same height from the face of the iron of the flat as
the wire stands, and it will be readily perceived that when the slides or shoes on which
it stood when being ground by my patent bar are removed the flats will be so much
nearer the surface of the cylinder by the thickness of those slides or shoes than the
other flats are.
Now I coat this flat with, say red lead and I take the shoe off
each end of it when I am about to ascertain how far the general working flats are
from the cylinder. Having done this I traverse the flats over the cylinder, the latter
revolving, and if the dummy flat comes out and shows by the red lead that the wire
of the cylinder has not touched it, then I lower it and traverse it round again till the
red lead bears traces of having been touched, scratched or scored by the wire of
the cylinder. Suppose I have had to lower it 10ths, and suppose the shoes were
of a thickness of 10ths, then I know that the ordinary flats are 18ths off the
cylinder and I can proceed to let them down to the cylinder as many as I judge
advisable short of 100ths. This can all be done without stopping the engine and
in regular working hours.
In the event of not using red lead to show when the cylinder wire has touched the
surface of the dummy flat the substance with which said flat is covered will show of
itself if it is something soft like lead. Or the flat if of metal or if covered with
ebonite may be grooved and in the groove a soft substance may be placed such as wax,
or pitch, and the surface will show if the cylinder wire touches it.
It is not absolutely necessary that the dummy flat should not be clothed with wire
like an ordinary flat. In this case the wire should be nearly straight so that it will not
hook very keenly to a substance coming in the opposite direction. Along the heel or
leading edge of such flat a rib of lead or ebonite inch or so broad may be run, and
it will be ground with the shoes on as already described and will show either by the
red lead being scored or by the surface of the lead being scratched when the cylinder
wire has touched it.
I have mentioned the flats traversing quickly. This is desirable so that the man,
who is adjusting the flats to the cylinder may not have long to wait for the dummy
flat traversing along the cylinder. To get this extra quick motion 1 drive from a

page_text: large grooved pulley on the cylinder shaft to a small grooved pulley on the boss
which carries the worm which drives the flats. When the quick speed of flats is
necessary it is only requisite to put the band on to these two pulleys. The adjustment
of the flats being done the shoes are replaced on the dummy flat and it goes through
its course of being ground like any ordinary flat until it is deemed time to readjust
the flats, when the shoes are taken off, the dummy then has it its lead of the other
flats, and touches the cylinder in advance of the other flats and so shows how much it
is safe to lower these others.
The ebonite bar which rests across the cylinder and which we use for grinding
the flats may take the place of the dummy flat. It is only necessary to cover or coat
it with some substance like red lead, or wax, or a film of paper some 1000ths thick so
that its surface, which when the bar is bare, is usually a little below the height of the
wire shall be brought level with or a little prominent of the cylinder wire. Then
when the flats are let down, the first which touches the bar will leave its traces on its
surface and it will then be seen that the flats must not be lowered any further but
must be rather set back a little. If however the surface of the bar by its coating is
made Toths, 100ths or 18ths prominent of the cylinder wire then the flat or flats
may come in contact with it and show their traces on its surface and they will not
need setting back because they will still be clear of the cylinder wire 1000, 1000 or
Tths according to the thickness of the coating which has been put on.
But it is not to be taken as absolutely necessary to coat the ebonite bar so thickly
as to make its surface stand higher than the cylinder wire. It may be coated by
being smeared over with red lead and the front discs only lowered which will bring
the flats passing over that particular part of the bend lower than the rest and so the
flats at this point may touch the red lead on the ebonite bar, and yet be only in
contact with the wire of the cylinder so momentarily as to do no harm. It will be
seen by the cotton, if cotton is going through, when the flats are touching the red
lead on the bar, and if cotton is not going through the points of the wires of the flats
will show the red lead. If not by stopping the cylinder, the bar itself will show if the
flats have been in contact with it.
In describing the dummy flat above I have assumed that my bar grinding system
would be adopted.
But in other cases where the flats are ground only by the ordinary roller on the
engine the shoes or slides may be dispensed with. It is only necessary, in order to
dispense with them, to run the strip of ebonite, lead, or whatever the substance is that
the wire of the cylinder has to scratch to indicate contact nearer the edge or heel of the
flat than the wire on the flats is. If for instance the strip inch, nearer the edge
of the iron flat than the wire on that same flat, or than the wire on the other flats then
owing to the bevilled seatings of the flats, this strip will touch the cylinder some
100gths of an inch sooner than the wire of its own flat or than the wire of the rest of the
flats will touch it. Thus this strip being nearer the edge has really a lead of the rest
of the flats and will therefore be first to come in contact with the cylinder and so no
shoes or slides are necessary to be taken off to give that necessary lead as in the case
of bar ground flats. In case of the bar grinding too, it is necessary that the seating,
not the working seating, but the seating off which the flats are ground should in the
case of the dummy have as much more milled off them as the thickness of the shoes or
slides amounts to. If this where not done the result would be that the surface of the
dummy flat when working with its slides on would not be as near the cylinder surface
as the rest by the thickness of the shoe and therefore the bar would not grind this
dummy at the same time and to the same extent as the rest, and further when the
shoes were removed to give the flat a lead over the others it would have no lead but
would be merely level with them.
By a combination of the dummy flat mentioned in specification of patent No. 1526
granted to me 1st February 1887, with the flat with metallic blocks on described in
specification of patent No. 1849 granted to me 9th February 1886, I obtain two
objects, viz. by means of the blocks of metal on each side of the flat which in this
case I insulate from the rest of the metal of the flat I have a test flat by means of which
:

page_text: I can adjust the bend to the curvature of the cylinder, in the way described in my
specification on No. 1849 9th February 1886, the metal blocks forming contact with
the cylinder and indicating such contact by the ringing of an electric bell, and by
filling up the space between and beyond these metallic blocks with any of the sub-
stances before mentioned, lead, wood, ebonite, or the like I get my second object, viz.:
an indication on the surface of such substances when the wire of the cylinder has
touched them, such indication not being electric but such as is visible to the eye.
I have described above the mode of using shoes or slides and I have spoken of a
dummy flat. I am not setting out these as new considered separately as I have
previously described them in former specifications. I re-describe them here to save
readers reference to previous specifications. A feature now is the dummy flat used
in the way described not to form electric contact with the cylinder but to give an
indication to the eye when actual mechanical contact has taken place between said flat
and cylinder. And this flat I use in combination with the shoes or slides in bar
ground engines and without shoes or slides if I prefer to do so in engines ground by
the roller only in the ordinary way.
It is also a feature to make use of the grinding
bar to fulfil the same purpose as the dummy flat, that is to show when the flats have
been in contact with it. And both dummy flat and grinding bar for these purposes
are now specified in combination with the quick travelling of the flats, at a speed
beyond working speed.
It is also a feature to make a flat as described above serve the purpose of adjusting
the bends to the curvature of the cylinder and at the same time to serve the purpose
of showing when its surface or any part of it has been marked or scored by the wires
of the cylinder, thereby suggesting, when the thickness of the shoes are taken into
consideration whether it is desirable to lower the rest of the flats or not, and how
much.
In some cases I effect the grinding by bringing the flats down till they touch
the cylinder and even press into the cylinder wire a few 1000ths of an inch.
The cylinder will grind these flats like a grinding roller and it is the most perfect
mode of grinding because it grinds the flats under actual working conditions and
when on their own seatings, and makes them correspond with itself. There is a
little danger of the cylinder getting warm and expanding and so getting its wire too
deep in the wire of the flats. This I overcome by having a roller in a trough of
water. The flats press on its surface one by one and turn it, at each turn the
surface of the roller which has been immersed comes in contact with the flat which
is turning the roller and gives to it a little moisture and the flat in turn gives it
to the cylinder and so both are kept cool.
Over the top of the cylinder I place a trough with an open bottom. In this trough
I place pieces of pipeclay preferably of rectangular form in section. These pieces of
pipeclay are moulded with a flange round the top which overhangs to the outside.
The pipeclay blocks rest on the surface of the flats, as these are travelling back to the
licker, in end of engine. In this way the surface of the flats are whitened, and as
the cylinder rubs off the white substance from the part of the flats or from those
flats which it touches or grinds and leaves the white on the other parts it is seen at
once when the flats are touched equally and how much of the surface of each flat is in
operation is plainly indicated through removal of the pipeclay from the part of the
flat in contact with the cylinder. If some flats are seen with the pipeclay thereon
intact and some without then it clearly shews the flats are of different lengths of wire
and such must be let down gradually until the removal of pipeclay in equal degree
from them all indicates that all have been ground alike.
And if at one side the flats show this absence of pipeclay and not at the other
it indicates that the bend is higher at one side than the other and it points the way
to adjust the bend correctly.
In this way I am enabled to ascertain how far the flats are from the cylinder by
lowering them till the colouring matter is rubbed off by the cylinder. In this way
I know when the flats have been equally ground by all showing equal removal of

page_text: colouring matter in this way I know if the bends are true and if not the color points
out where and how much they require adjusting.
Instead of a trough the pipeclay pieces may be carried on arms suspended from a
shaft above the flats, other colours than white may be used as red lead and paraffin,
venetian red, or crayon material and desired colour.
The trough works in slides any can be raised by turning a handle which by means
of a shaft and bevel wheels and rack and pinion will lift both ends simultaneously
when raised the edge of the trough comes in contact with the projecting flanges of
the. pipe clay moulds and lifts them clear of the wire of the flats and the reverse
action brings them down on the flats when it is desired to colour them. This
colouring of the flats so that contact between cylinder wire and wire of flats is
shewn by the colour being rubbed off I find tends to secure great accuracy of
grinding as it shows exactly what the cylinder is doing at each flat and shows in
engines which have discs or equivalents for adjusting the bends just where these
require adjusting and how much.
With reference to the doffer I find a line of colour across it to show if the cylinder
in grinding it touches it all the way across. If it does not do so a part of the
coloured line will be left in.
Dated thin bond
C L.1
1000
WALTER BRIERLEY,
Town Hall Buildings, Halifax, Agent for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improved Appliances for and Means of Facilitating and Securing
Accuracy in the Grinding of Flats and Doffer, and in the
Adjustment of Flats, and the Bends on which they Work to
the Cylinder in Revolving Flat Carding Engines.
I, JOHN BULLOUGH of Globe Works Accrington, in the County of Lancaster,
Machine Maker, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
My invention has for its object to ascertain accurately how far the flats are from
the cylinder in flat carding engines in order to judge how far it is safe to lower them,
and further my object is to secure greater accuracy in grinding flats and doffers, and
greater perfection in adjusting the flats and the bends on which they work to the
cylinder.
To accomplish the first part of this my invention I make use of a dummy flat, that
is, a flat not necessarily intended to do the work of carding as ordinary flats do but to
assist in determining how far the working flats are from the surface of the working
cylinder.
This dummy flat is of the ordinary construction but instead of being covered with
wire, it is covered with ebonite, wood, lead, copper, or some such material, the material
to be such as will yield to the grinding roller without wearing the latter unduly.
This flat works in shoes or slides along with the others, and goes through the same
operation of grinding with these slides or shoes on as the other flats. From this it will
be seen that the ebonite, wood, lead, or whatever metal or substance it is covered with
will stand about the same height from the face of the iron of the flat as the wire
stands, and it will be readily perceived that when the slides or shoes on which it stood
when being ground by my patent bar are removed, the flats will be so much nearer
the surface of the cylinder by the thickness of those slides or shoes than the other
flats are.
Now I coat this flat with say red lead, and I take the shoe of each end
off it when I am about to ascertain how far the general working flats are from the
cylinder. Having done this, I traverse the flats over the cylinder, the latter revolving,
and if the dummy flat comes out and shows by the red. lead that the wire of the
cylinder has not touched it, then I lower it and traverse it round again till the read

page_text: lead bears traces of having been touched, scratched or scored by the wire of the
cylinder. Suppose I have had to lower it roths and suppose the shoes were of a
thickness of Tooths, then I know that the ordinary flats are 18ths off the cylinder
and I can proceed to let them down to the cylinder as many as I judge advisable short
of 18ths. This can all be done without stopping the engine and in regular working
hours.
In the event of not using red lead to show when the cylinder wire has touched the
surface of the dummy flat, the substance with which said flat is covered will show of
itself if it is something soft like lead. Or the flat if of metal, or if covered with
ebonite may be grooved and in the grooves a soft substance may be placed such
as wax, or pitch, and the surface will show if the cylinder wire touches it.
It is not absolutely necessary that the dummy flat should not be clothed with wire
like an ordinary flat. In this case the wire should be nearly straight so that it will
not hook very keenly to a substance coming in the opposite direction.
Along the heel or leading edge of such flat a rib of lead or ebonite inch or so
broad may be run, and it will be ground with the shoes on as already described
and will show either by the red lead being scored or by the surface of the lead being
scratched when the cylinder wire has touched it.
I have mentioned the flats traversing quickly. This is desirable so that the man
who is adjusting the flats to the cylinder may not have long to wait for the dummy
flat traversing along the cylinder. To get this extra quick motion I drive from a large
grooved pulley on the cylinder shaft to a small grooved pulley on the boss which
carries the worm which drives the flats, or a double worm at opposite side of the engine
may be employed.
When the quick speed of flats is necessary it is only requisite to put the band on to
these two pulleys. The adjustment of the flats being done the shoes are replaced on
the dummy flat and it goes through its course of being ground like any ordinary flat
until it is deemed time to readjust the flats when the shoes are taken off, the dummy
then has its lead of the other flats, and touches the cylinder in advance of the other
flats and so shows how much it is safe to lower those others.
The ebonite bar which rests across the cylinder and which we use for grinding the
flats may take the place of the dummy flat.
It is only necessary to cover or coat it with some substance like red lead, or wax,
or a film of paper some oths thick so that its surface, which when the bar is bare,
is usually a little below the height of the wire shall be brought level with or a little
prominent of the cylinder wire. Then when the flats are let down, the first which
touches the bar will leave its traces on its surface and it will then be seen that the flats
must be rather set back a little. If however the surface of the bar by its coating is
made 1000ths, 1000ths or 18ths prominent of the cylinder wire, then the flat or flats
may come in contact with it, and show their traces on its surface and they will not
need setting back because they will still be clear of the cylinder wire 1000, 1000,
or 10ths according to the thickness of the coating which has been put on.
But it is not to be taken as absolutely necessary to coat the ebonite bar so thickly
as to make its surface stand higher than the cylinder wire. It may be coated by
being smeared over with red lead and the front discs only lowered which will bring
the flats passing over that particular part of the bend lower than the rest and so the
flats at this point may touch the red lead on the ebonite bar, and yet be only in contact
with the wire of the cylinder so momentarily as to do no harm. It will be seen by
the cotton, if cotton is going through when the flats are touching the red lead on the
bar, and if cotton is going through the points of the wires of the flats will show the
red lead. If not by stopping the cylinder, the bar itself will show if the flats have
been in contact with it.
In describing the dummy flat above I have assumed that the bar grinding systein
described in specification of Letters Patent No. 3401 of the year 1886 granted to me
would be adopted.
But in other cases where the flats are ground only by the ordinary roller on the
engine the shoes or slides may be dispensed with. It is only necessary in order to

page_text: dispense with them, to run the strip of ebonite, lead or whatever the substance is that
the wire of the cylinder has to scratch to indicate contact nearer the edge or heel of the
flat than the wire on the flats. If for instance the strip is inch, nearer the edge of the
iron flat than the wire on that same flat, or.than the wire on the other flats then owing to
the bevelled seatings of the flats this strip (which really widens that portion of the test
flat ground by the ordinary grinding roller) will touch the cylinder some months of an
inch sooner than the wire of its own flat or than the wire of the rest of the flats will
touch it. Thus this strip being nearer the edge has really a lead of the rest of the
flats and will therefore be first to come in contact with the cylinder, and so no shoes
or slides are to be taken off to give that necessary lead as in the case of bar ground
flats. In case of the bar. grinding too, it is necessary that the seating, not the working
seating, but the seating off which the flats are ground should in the case of the dummy
have as much more milled off them as the thickness of the shoes or slides amount to.
If this were not done the result would be that the surface of the dummy flat when
working with its slides on would not be as near the cylinder surface as the rest by
the thickness of the shoe and therefore the bar would not grind this dummy at the
same time and to the same extent as the rest, and further when the shoes were
removed to give the flat a lead over the others it would have no lead but would be
merely level with them.
By a combination of the dummy flat mentioned in specifications of patent No. 1526
granted to me 1st February 1887 with the flat with metallic blocks on, described in
specification of patent. No. 1849 granted to me 9th February 1886, I obtain two
objects, viz., by means of the blocks of metal on each side of the flat which in this
case I insulate from the rest of the metal of the flat, I have a test flat by means of
which I can adjust the bend to the curvature of the cylinder, in the way described in
my specification on No. 1849 9th February 1886, the metal blocks forming contact
with the cylinder and indicating such contact by the ringing of an electric bell, and
by filling up the space between and beyond these metallic blocks with any of the
substances before mentioned, lead, wood, ebonite or the like, I get my second object
viz: an indication on the surface of such substances when the wire of the cylinder
has touched them, such indication not being electric but such as is visible to the eye.
I have described above the mode of using shoes or slides and I have spoken of a
dummy flat. I am not setting out these as new considered separately as I have
previously described them in former specifications. I redescribe them here to save
readers reference to previous specifications. A feature now is the dummy flat used in
the way described not to form electric contact with the cylinder but to give an
indication to the eye when actual mechanical contact has taken place between said flat
and cylinder. And this flat I use in combination with the shoes or slides in bar
ground engines and without shoes or slides if I prefer to do so in engines ground by
the roller only in the ordinary way. It is also a feature to make use of the grinding bar
to fulfil the same purpose as the dummy flat, that is to show when the flats have been in
contact with it. And both dummy flat and grinding bar for these purposes are now
specified in combination with the quick travelling of the flats, at a speed beyond
working speed.
It is also a feature to make a flat as described above serve the purpose of adjusting
the bends to the curvature of the cylinder and at the same time to serve the purpose
of shewing when its surface or any part of it has been marked or scored by the wires
of the cylinder, thereby suggesting when the thickness of the shoes are taken into
consideration whether it is desirable to lower the rest of the flats or not, and how
much.
In some cases I effect the grinding by bringing the flats down till they touch the
cylinder and even press into the cylinder wire a few Toooths of an inch. The
cylinder will grind these flats like a grinding roller and it is the most perfect mode of
grinding because it grinds the flats under actual working conditions and when on
their own seatings, and makes them correspond with itself. There is a little danger of
the cylinder getting warm and expanding and so getting its wire too deep in the wire
of the flats. This I overcome by having a roller in a trough of water. The flats pass

page_text: on its surface one by one and turn it, at each turn the surface of the roller which has
been immersed comes in contact with the flat which is turning the roller and gives
to it a little moisture and the flat in turn gives it to the cylinder and so both are
kept cool.
Over the top of the cylinder I place a trough with an open bottom.
In this trough
I place pieces of pipeclay preferably of rectangular form in section. These pieces of
pipeclay are moulded with a flange round the top which overhangs to the outside.
The pipeclay blocks rest on the surface of the flats, as these are.travelling back to the
licker in end of engine. In this way the surface of the flats are whitened, and as the
cylinder rubs off the white substance from the part of the flats or from those flats.
which it touches or grinds and leaves the white on the other parts it is seen at once
when the flats are touched equally and how much of the surface of each flat is in
operation is plainly indicated through removal of the pipeclay from the part of the
flat in contact with the cylinder. If some flats are seen with the pipeclay thereon
intact and some without then it clearly shews the flats are of different lengths of wire
and such must be let down gradually until the removal of pipeclay from them all indi-
cates that all have been ground alike.
And if at one side the flats show this absence of pipeclay and not at the other it
indicates that the bend is higher at one side than the other and it points the way to
adjust the bend correctly.
In this way I am enabled to ascertain how far the flats are from the cylinder by
lowering them till the colouring matter is rubbed off by the cylinder. In this way
know when the flats have been equally ground by all showing removal of colouring
matter, in this way I know if the bends are true and if not the colour points out where
and how much they require adjusting.
Instead of a trough the pipeclay pieces may be carried on arms suspended from a
shaft above the flats, other colours than white may be used as red lead and paraffin,
venetian red, or crayon material any desired colour.
The trough works in slides and can be raised by turning a handle which by means
of a shaft and rack and pinion will lift both ends simultaneously when raised the edge
of the trough comes in contact with the projecting flanges of the pipe clay moulds
and lifts them clear of the wire of the flats and the reverse action brings them
down on the flats when it is desired to colour them. This colouring of the flats so
that contact between cylinder wire and wire of flats is shewn by the colour being
rubbed off I find tends to secure great accuracy of grinding as it shows exactly what
the cylinder is doing at each flat and shows in engines which have discs or equivalents
for adjusting the bends just where these require adjusting and how much.
With reference to the doffer I put a line of colour across it to show if the cylinder
in grinding it touches it all the way across, if it does not do so a part of the coloured
line will be left in.
Such being the object of the invention the following aided by the annexed drawings
fully explain the particulars thereof.
Fig. 1. is a side or end elevation of so much of a carding engine as is necessary to
illustrate application of my invention thereto.
Fig. 1 shows an alternative arrangement in which a block of chalk is held upon
the ordinary stripping brush, and sends a fine spray of chalk upon the flats as they
traverse round.
Fig. 2 is a front elevation of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is part of end of carding engine shewing the damper for flats and cylinder
during grinding and also shews two alternative arrangements in which chalk is
employed. At 1 is a trough with an open bottom containing a block of pipeclay 2 of
from corresponding to the interior of the box, there being a flange as at 3 around the
upper part of the block, the flange rests on the projecting ledge 4 of the box, so that
as the latter is raised or lowered by means of the handle 5 pinion and rack 6, 7 the
bottom or acting surface 8 of the pipeclay block 2 will touch the ends of the wire or
cards 9 on the flats when the latter pass under the block on their way to the
cylinder 11. If there be contact between the wire on the flats, and the wire on

page_text: the cylinder, the removal of colour, more or less across the wire on the several
flats, will indicate just how much contact and also whether along the whole length of
the flat or bar and will show wherever the adjustment required must be given to the
flats.
In order to expedite the traverse of the flats during the time the position of the
latter in relation to the cylinder is being tested I employ the pulleys and band 12. 13. 14.
driving the worm 15 shaft 16 and worm 18 thereby driving the wheel 19 on axis of
the carrying rollers 20.
When the grinding is been effected through contact between wire of flats and
cylinder tendency to heat is prevented by use of the flannel covered roller 21 (see
Fig. 3) contained in the trough 22 and which roller 21 being partly immersed in
water moistens the flats as the latter in succession come in contact therewith the flannel
covering 23 of the roller 22 being kept moist through capillary attraction and by
reason of the roller being slowly rotated by contact of the wire on the several flats
therewith.
In Fig. 1 is shewn an alternative arrangement, in which a block of chalk 24 is
held upon the ordinary stripping brush 25 and sends a fine spray of chalk dust upon
the flats 9 as they traverse round on the way to the cylinder 11. In Fig. 3 two
alternative arrangements are shewn one being a perforated tin roller 26 containing
French chalk which is dusted on to the flats as the roller 26 revolves, the other arrange-
ment is a box 27 with a wire gauze bottom 28 containing French chalk the said
box 27 having a heel 29 which falls of one of the flats and on to the next one as they
traverse round and so shaking out the chalk dust upon the flats, colours them.
Having thus fully described the said invention I would have it understood that as
to the means of colouring the wire of the flats I do not limit my invention to the use
of the pipeclay as it is obvious that colouring matter may be employed and applied
in the form of a powder such as French chalk which could be contained in a box with
gauze bottom or in a hollow and perforated cylinder, said box being mounted above
the wire of the flats and by a projecting finger one end connected with the box the
other in such position to the bars of the flats that the box or cylinder would be
shaken or moved as the wire of each flat passed thereunder thereby securing a
coating which would indicate amount of contact between wire of flats and cylinder
as described, or sulphate of copper may be employed, what I claim is :—
1. The means herein fully described for ascertaining the space or distance between
the wire of the flats and the wire of the cylinder.
2. The means and appliances herein set forth for effecting a nearer approach to
accuracy in the grinding and in the adjustment of the flats to the cylinder.
3. The use and employment of coloring matter combined with appliances such as
described for applying same to the wire of the flats for purpose of indicating degree
of contact between wire of flats and wire on the cylinder.
4. The combination of appliances and flats whereby the traverse of the latter during
its testing is expedited as described and illustrated by drawings annexed.
Dated the 21st day of November 1:3
Dated the 21st day of November
JOHN BULLOUGH.
By his Agent, Walter Brierley,
Town Hall Buildings, Halifax.
JOHN BULLOUGH.
By his Agent, Walter Brierley,
Town Hall Buildings, Halifax.