matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR DRILLING, BORING, OR CUTTING ROCK OR OTHER HARD SUBSTANCES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Frederick Wynne at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 13th June 1881.
GEORGE FREDERICK WYNNE, of Minera, near Wrexham, in the County of
Denbigh, Secretary to the Minera Mining Company, Limited. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR DRILLING, BORING, OR CUTTING ROCK OR
OTHER HARD SUBSTANCES."
This Invention relates to improvements in the construction of double acting rock
boring machines or drills, whereby the compressed air or steam is alternately
admitted into opposite ends of the cylinder through ports in the piston of the
machine instead of in the ordinary manner.
In carrying out my Invention I employ a cylinder provided near its centre with
a feed pipe, from which are drilled three holes of suitable diameter into the
cylinder, three similar holes being also drilled in the bottom of the cylinder for
the exhaust as hereinafter described. In the said cylinder works the piston, having
a proper piston rod. Two recesses are formed on the periphery of the piston, and
its top end is bored out for receiving a nut, so constructed as to form two ports,
one at the top and one at the bottom, for the conveyance of air to the opposite ends
of the cylinder, the port at the top communicating through the piston with the
bottom end of the cylinder, and the bottom port with the top end of the cylinder.
Passages are drilled communicating with the two recesses on the outside of tho
piston and with the two hereinbefore described ports inside the piston so that by
this arrangement one of the recesses of the piston communicates with the top end
of the cylinder, and the other recess with the bottom end of the cylinder.
The twisting arrangement, the cradle, feed screw, and tool holder aro
substantially the same as those now generally employed for this class of rock
boring machine.
In a machine constructed according to my Invention, if the piston be in the
middle of its cylinder, compressed air from the feed pipe cannot enter the cylinder,
but if the piston be moved towards one end, say, the top end of the cylinder, one
of the hereinbefore described recesses on the periphery of the piston will be brought
into communication with the holes leading from the feed pipe, and the air will pass
through the bottom port of the piston to the top end of the cylinder, so as to cause

page_text: the piston to move in the opposite direction until the other recess on the periphery
of the piston is brought into communication with the said inlet holes, so as to allow
the air to pass through the top port of the piston into the opposite or bottom end
of the cylinder, and so on.
The exhaust takes place through the three herein before described holes drilled
in the bottom of the cylinder, from the top end of the cylinder direct as the piston
passes from over them, and from the bottom end of the cylinder through the top
recess in the piston when that, in the upward movement of the piston, comes in
communication with the hereinbefore described three holes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SKATE ATTACHMENTS
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Herbert John Haddan, of Kensington, Middlesex, for an
Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN SKATE ATTACHMENTS."
from abroad by Franz Bittner, of Remscheid, Germany.
A communication
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Herbert John Haddan at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th July 1881.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of Kensington, Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SKATE
ATTACHMENTS." A communication from abroad by Franz Bittner, of Remscheid,
Germany.
This improved mechanism consists of the fastening to the sole by means of the
claws a, a, and to the heel by means of the claws e, f. The sole-claws are secured
to the sole-plate A, but may be regulated by screws n, n', according to the different
breadths required. For fastening the skate to the sole a simple turn of the skate
is sufficient. Figs. I. and II. of the accompanying Drawing will show the mode of
working of the claws. When I secure to both sides of a bar a two pins some
distance from one another I cannot turn the bar parallel to another bar or rod b
placed between the two pins (Fig. I.), the latter preventing this (Fig. II.) In this
manner I secure the claws a, a¹, to the sole-plate, the blade representing the rod
and the shoe the bar b. By turning the blade under the middle of the foot the
claws penetrate sufficiently into the sole. The heel-claws are fastened to the heel
by means of the eccentric lever c. The heel-plate is riveted to the blade, and is
bent down on both sides for making a slot for the claws e, f. The claw f is
moveable as also the claws a, a¹; the claw e is connected with the eccentric lever c,
and may be moved by turning the same. The claw e can be regulated also by
means of nut i. The disc 8, which receives the pressure of spring u, is screwed
upon the pin r, and thereby the claw e is out of contact with the spring u. The
skate is fastened to the shoe in the following manner:-The skate is placed
conveniently under the shoe and pulled backwards until the claws a, a', keep
tight. Then the blade under the heel is turned and the heel enters between the
claws e, f, at the same time the claws a, a¹, are pressed sufficiently into the sole.
By turning the eccentric lever c the fastening is finished. The various parts of
the skate may be pressed and shaped by means of stamping machines.

page_text: 1. The claws a, a', secured to the sole-plate and regulated by screws n, n', said
claws being placed obliquely to the blade, and not altering their position when the
skate is fastened to the shoe.
2. The application of the claws a, a', placed obliquely one to the other for the 5
heel and sole-plate.
3. The claw e inoved by the eccentric lever c, and the other claw ƒ kept firmly
by means of screw g. Also the application of the heel-claws on both sides of the
heel-plate.
In witness whereof, I, the said Herbert John Haddan, have hereunto set my 1
hand and seal, this Twenty-sixth day of July, A.D. 1881.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGE BREAKES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William John Corteen and Thomas
Edward Cooper at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
21st June 1881.
WILLIAM JOHN CORTEEN and THOMAS EDWARD COOPER, both of Brentford, in
the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN CARRIAGE BREAKES."
This Invention consists in the construction of a universal joint furnished with
a rod or lever by which the party driving the vehicle may actuate the same, said
joint working an endless screw fixed in a guide and carrying a screwed nut to
which is pivoted a bar or rod running along the perch of the carriage, said rod
being pivoted to a cross lever placed on the front ends of the springs and to which
is attached cranks carrying blocks or breakes; or the rod is carried on to the back
ends of the perch cross bar and there operates on cranks, with blocks fitted on the
back of the hind wheels.
The break is intended more particularly for four wheeled vehicles, but the
universal joint, which is a chief feature of the Invention, and allows the driving or
actuating rod to be placed at any angle, may be applied to all vehicles.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CYLINDERS OF COMPOUND ENGINES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Spiller at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 8th March 1881.
THOMAS SPILLER, of 189, High Street, Shadwell, London, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CYLINDERS OF COMPOUND ENGINES."
A cylinder consisting of three parts, one cylinder for the use of steam at high
pressure, and two of larger calaber for using the steam as low pressure steam.
After the steam has done its work in the high pressure cylinder it passes into the
low pressure cylinder, then is drawn into the condenser, when the atmospheric air
acting on the open end of the low pressure cylinder forces the piston back into the
cylinder, where a vacuum is created by the condensation of the steam in the
condenser. Those two low pressure cylinders are placed one at each end of the
high pressure cylinder, and the piston rod goes through the whole three cylinders,
each cylinder having a piston fitting the cylinder it works in, and all the pistons
are fixed on the one piston rod.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SHOES FOR THE USE OF VELOCI- PEDISTS.
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Halliwell at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st March 1881.
56
WILLIAM HENRY HALLIWELL, of Brighton, in the County of Sussex, Clerk.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SHOES FOR THE USE OF VELOCI-
PEDISTS.
"
The object of this Invention is to provide a more suitable shoe for the use of
velocipedists than those of the ordinary kind.
Shoes in ordinary use are not sufficiently flexible to allow full play to all the
muscles of the foot in riding velocipedes, and to over-come this inconvenience I use
leather of a kind not usually employed in different parts of the shoe. I make the
waist of the shoe of "shoulder" leather instead of the stiffer and thicker leather
now used, and instead of making a welting and sewing a heavy sole thereto, a very
thin inner sole is used which passes the full length of the shoe, forming the waist
and projecting for the purpose of fixing thereto a light sole and heel.
Further, I cut the shoe very low, and lace it down to the toe-cap; the latter has
cut therein two circular holes backed by light leather, which makes the point of
the shoe flexible and lessens the weight to some extent.
It is obvious the shoe may be used for purposes other than velocipeding, but it
is for this purpose chiefly it is designed.
FOR BOOTS AND SHOES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Smith at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 4th February 1881.
JOHN SMITH, of Leicester Square, in the County of Middlesex,
HEEL-TIP FOR BOOTS AND SHOES."
"AN IMPROVED
My Invention consists in an annular metal tip for boot and shoe heels capable of
being revolved to compensate for uneven wear, so that when worn away at one
point it can be turned round to bring a less worn part to the point exposed to the
greatest wear, this readjustment of the tip being possible as often as desired or
until the tip is worn thin at all points.
The tip consists of an iron or steel ring secured to the heel without being nailed
thereto by having its inner circumference bevilled so as to take under the under
cut edge of a circular top piece of leather nailed upon the heel in the usual manner
and filling up the space within the annular tip. The tip is thereby held sufficiently
tight not to move in walking, and may yet be turned round as above stated by
means of a spanner engaging in a notch in the circumference of the tip.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPLIANCES FOR COUPLING AND UNCOUPLING RAILWAY WAGGONS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Jackson and Thomas
Ballantyne at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st
October 1881.
JAMES JACKSON, of Kirkintilloch, in the County of Dumbarton, and THOMAS
BALLANTYNE, of Uddingston, in the County of Lanark, North Britain.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPLIANCES FOR COUPLING AND UNCOUPLING RAILWAY
WAGGONS."
This Invention relates to appliances for coupling and uncoupling railway
waggons, of the kind designed to enable the coupling operations to be effected from
the outside of the waggons, or without the necessity of the attendant passing
between them, and it consists in an improved construction or arrangement of
devices or appliances for this purpose, which shall be more simple and efficient, and
more easily worked than those hitherto in use, while being of small first cost, and
requiring little alteration or addition to the ordinary chain couplings and
drawhooks of railway waggons.
The improved coupling devices or appliances comprise two long crank bars or
spindles passing across the waggons at each end, and fitted in bearings in plummer
blocks or brackets bolted to the upper and under or underside only of the buffers
or buffer frames, the crank spindles being formed with actuating handles or levers
at each end. These transverse spindles are bent to form cranks at or near the
centre of their length, or in the longitudinal centre of the waggon, the one crank
extending out beyond or lower than the other; and these cranks are actuated by
the handles outside the waggon to raise and lower the links of the chain or
shackles for connecting or coupling and uncoupling the waggons.
A coupling or connecting chain of two links is by preference employed, and
attached as usual to the underside of the draw-hook, the links of the chain being
connected by a pin fitted horizontally. The upper crank is connected to the first
link by a T piece or headed pin entering through the link and fitted free to slide
therein, or to allow the link to slide or move over it, and the outer link or shackle,
which is by preference the longer of the two, is engaged by the lower or outer
crank, a pin on which works loosely within this outer link.

page_text: In actuating the cranks to lift the chain over and into the drawhook of the
adjacent waggon, the lower crank is turned by the handle or hand lever outside
the waggon, until the outer link or shackle of the coupling is raised at such an
angle as to pass up over the adjacent draw-hook. The upper crank is then turned
to raise the inner link, thereby raising the adjacent end of the outer link, or 5
canting it over the outer crank till it falls into the adjacent draw hook. To
uncouple the waggons the inner crank or both cranks are first raised to lift the
link out of its draw hook, then the upper crank is lowered to let fall the inner
link, thereby canting up the end of the outer link or shackle free of its draw-hook,
and both cranks are afterwards allowed to fall and hang down freely with the 1
coupling chain.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SECURING INDIA-RUBBER TYRES TO WHEELS OF BICYCLES, TRICYCLES, AND OTHER VEHICLES
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Robert Foster and Thomas John Williams, both
of Grange Road, Bermondsey, in the County of Surrey; for an Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SECURING INDIA-RUBBER TYRES TO WHEELS OF
BICYCLES, TRICYCLES, AND OTHER VEHICLES."
•
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Robert Foster &
Thomas John Williams at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
8th August 1881.
WILLIAM ROBERT FOSTER and THOMAS JOHN WILLIAMS, both of Grange Road,
Bermondsey, in the County of Surrey. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SECURING INDIA-
RUBBER TYRES TO WHEELS OF BICYCLES, TRICYCLES, AND OTHER VEHICLES."
Our Invention relates more especially to bicycles and tricycles, although
applicable also to other vehicles, and it has for its object to more securely attach
the indiarubber tyres to the wheels than by the means at present employed.
The tyres of these vehicles are generally of round or oval section, and are
received in hollow rims of the wheels. They have heretofore been attached by
cement or by wires, but this is ineffectual, and serious accidents often occur in
consequence of the tyres becoming detached and flying off while the machine is in
motion.
By means of our Invention all liability of the tyre becoming detached is avoided,
while it may nevertheless with facility be secured to the wheel and removed
therefrom when necessary.
According to our Invention the tyre is formed at each side with a groove, and
the hollow rim of the wheel is provided with corresponding ribs or projections
which extend around the inner edges of the hollow rims, and take into the grooves
of the tyre. The grooves and ribs or projections would be preferably of V shape,
but they may be of any other form desired. The tyre is applied to the wheel by
springing it over the ribs or projections, and may be removed in the same manner.
The rims are made in the usual way, and the ribs or projections may be either
rolled out with the rims, or brazed thereto subsequently.
NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING REVOLVING MOTION AND MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Jones at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 7th January 1881.
WILLIAM JONES, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster. "NEW OR IMPROVED
APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING REVOLVING MOTION AND MOTIVE POWER."
I arrange a wheel in a suitable framework, and round the circumference of this
wheel, or on its side at equal distances from each other, and from the centre or
axis of the wheel I hinge a series of lever arms carrying at their extremities
weights.
These weighted arms as the wheel revolves are caused to come in contact (one
after the other) with a projection on the framework, and thus stand out during a
portion of the revolution, so as to give a greater preponderance on one side of the
wheel than on the other side thereof, whilst, during the other portion of the
revolution by their own gravity, such arms lie down one after another, thus
shortening their leverage.
In this manner, by constantly increasing the leverage power on one side of the
wheel, I cause the same to revolve, and also obtain motive power.
Instead of weighted arms mounted as aforesaid, I sometimes employ springs on
the lever arms before mentioned.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF SPENT OR PARTIALLY SPENT TAN LIQUORS, AND MANUFACTURE OF INK AND OTHER USEFUL PRODUCTS THEREFROM
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Priestman, James Longshaw,
and George Priestman at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
9th March 1881..
THOMAS PRIESTMAN, JAMES LONGSHAW, and GEORGE PRIESTMAN, all of the
Firm of John Priestman and Son, of Preston Brook, in the County of Chester.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF SPENT OR PARTIALLY SPENT TAN
LIQUORS, AND MANUFACTURE OF INK AND OTHER USEFUL PRODUCTS THEREFROM."
The waste liquors from leather manufactories are frequently difficult to get rid
of, as if they are sent into a neighbouring brook they poison or defile the water, at
the same time they contain valuable ingredients. Our Invention is therefore
designed to utilize these waste products instead of creating a nuisance with them,
and consists in treating them so as to produce from them inks and various
vegetable volatile acids, more especially formic and acetic acids.
To effect the production of the above products we take the spent or partially
spent tan liquor and evaporate it down to a suitable consistancy and filter it.
We then treat it with mineral acids in various proportions, according to the analisis
of the liquor treated, and distil off the liberated volatile organic acids, condensing
the vapours in suitable condensing apparatus, or collect them by means of alkaline
bases, with which they combine readily.
The residues in the distilling apparatus, after the volatile acids are in great
measure or wholly driven off, contain gallic acid, which by treatment with metallic
iron is converted into ink, or the excess of mineral acid is neutralized and ink is
produced by the addition of any of the usual salts of iron. Commoner inks can be
produced from the filtered spent liquor evaporated to a suitable density by the
addition of any of the ink-forming salts of iron.
The exact chemicals and densities best in each instance vary greatly with the
quality of the liquor, the quality of the ink required, and the price of individual
chemicals in the locality. Inks to be used in blacking manufacture should be much
thicker than when writing ink is required.
.
AN IMPROVED MUSIC TRANSPOSING
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Aimable Digeon at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd May 1881.
AIMABLE DIGEON, of Toulon, in France.
INSTRUMENT OR MACHINE."
"AN IMPROVED MUSIC TRANSPOSING
The Invention relates to instruments or machinery for changing the transcript
or notes of the whole or part of a piece of music from one key to another, and
consists for this purpose in constructing machinery of two moveable dial-plates
mounted on annular bearings, and with or without friction-rollers underneath,
arranged concentrically one within the other, the outer dial marked with divisions
or keys of, say, seven octaves of notes, and the inner with corresponding divisions'
or keys; normally these two sets of keys on the dials correspond one with the
other, but by turning either dial the notation will no longer correspond, and the
key may be thus changed and read off or printed off on a paper disc below
the dial keys, which may for that purpose have moveable notes that can be
depressed and caused to puncture a paper ring or disc placed beneath the main
discs, and so a moveable record be made.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CASES OR RECEPTACLES FOR HOLDING CIGARETTE PAPERS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ebenezer Banton Burr and William
Thomas Scott at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st
September 1881.
"
EBENEZER BANTON BURR, of Walthamstowe, and WILLIAM THOMAS SCOTT, of
Stratford, both in the County of Essex. IMPROVEMENTS IN CASES OR RECEPTACLES
FOR HOLDING CIGARETTE PAPERS."
This Invention has for its object improvements in cases or receptacles for
holding cigarette papers (in which tobacco is rolled for making cigarettes), in order
that such papers may be prewithdrawn from and presented one by one in
succession to the user.
For this purpose, according to my Invention, a number of cigarette papers are
placed in a case or receptacle furnished with a hinged or other lid or cover, on
the inner surface of which a spring is mounted, one end or part of which presses
firmly upon the uppermost paper of the series, the end or part of the spring
pressing upon the paper being coated with wax or other material of a slightly
adhesive nature; or the lid can be made to form the spring by affixing a projection
on the inner side thereof to hold the wax or other adhesive substance.
When the lid or cover of the case is raised, the adhesive part of the spring, or of
the projection on the lid or cover, lifts a cigarette paper with it, so that it can be
readily taken by the user.
MADE UP SCARVES AND NECKTIES."
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Allan Lemay at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd November 1881.
ALLAN LEMAY, of Blackman Street, in the County of Surrey.
IN MADE UP SCARVES AND NECKTIES."
"IMPROVEMENTS
My Invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of made up scarves or
neckties, and it has for its object to prevent the loosening of the spike or pin
which forms the fastening for the neck band and also to prevent the said spike or
pin injuring the shirt in the case of a reversible scarf.
According to my Invention I construct the foundation or stiffener of the scarf or
necktie of a plate of metal cut or stamped out to the proper shape and slightly
curved, and of a thickness of cardboard of the same shape as and slightly larger than
the metal plate for the purpose of preventing the cutting of the covering fabric of
the scarf or necktie upon the edges of the metal plate.
The spike or pin is secured to the metal plate by rivetting, the rivets passing also
through the cardboard and thus fastening the cardboard and metal plate together
in their proper relative positions. Holes are punched through this compound
foundation near its edges for the stitching by which the covering fabric forming
the scarf or necktie is applied and secured. In order to prevent in a reversiblo
scarf the spike which is not in use damaging the shirt a cap or protector of metal
or other material is fitted spring tight upon the spike.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHUTTLES EMPLOYED IN LOOMS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Holding and Eli Holding at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th April 1881.
JAMES HOLDING, of Wheelton, and ELI HOLDING, of Brinscall, both in the
County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SHUTTLES
EMPLOYED IN LOOMS."
The object of this Invention is to cause the shuttle to break the weft thread
whenever any ends or warp threads break and hang down into the shed, or whenever
there is any other obstruction in the shed from any cause whatever. The breaking
of the weft thread will then stop the loom by means of the ordinary weft fork
motion.
The breaking of the ends or warp threads not only causes the occurence of faults
in the cloth, but also causes the breaking of the healds, and is a frequent cause of
the shuttle flying out of the shed and injuring the weavers.
The Invention consists in the application to the shuttle of a self-acting lever or
spring, one end of which is curved or rounded and projects beyond the upper part
of the shuttle, so that whenever any warp ends break and hang down into the
shed, or if any other substance (whether hard or soft) forms an obstruction to
the shuttle's passage through the shed the obstruction presses the lever or spring
downwards into the shuttle and causes its other end to press the weft thread fast
either against the shuttle tongue or other part of the shuttle and prevent the weft
from paying out.
The weft thread thus becomes broken and the loom is immediately stopped.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING POTTERY AND EARTHENWARE
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Willett at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd February 1881.
THOMAS WILLETT, of Burslem, in the County of Stafford, Potters Engineer
and Machinist. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR
MANUFACTURING POTTERY AND EARTHENWARE."
The first part of this Invention relates to a novel method of and machinery for
the making of pottery or earthenware articles.
Instead of employing a jigger or other mechanism for revolving the mould, and
having a tool either held stationary by hand or in a jolley for forming the interior
or exterior as heretofore, I arrange a table capable of turning on a central vertical
axis, and round this table I form suitable recesses to receive the moulds, and by
suitable mechanism I, cause this table to have an intermittent revolving motion,
whereby it remains stationary whilst the articles are being made, and then has
a partial revolution given to it to bring the next set of moulds under the revolving
tools, as hereinafter described.
I mount suitable tools at the lower extremity of vertical shafts or spindles, which
besides having a revolving motion have also an up and down motion imparted to
them by bowls taking into suitable cam grooves revolving on a horizontal shaft,
and thus by causing such tools to revolve and move up and down as aforesaid,
I form the inside or outside of the pottery or earthenware article in a more perfect
and considerably quicker manner than has hitherto been practicable, and instead
of revolving such articles as heretofore.
And as a means of imparting the requisite motion to this machinery I prefer to
apply what may be termed a small rotary steam engine to the purpose, but any
other means of driving may be substituted.
This application of a rotary steam engine is equally applicable for driving the
spindles or shafts of potters wheels, lathes, jiggers, or other machinery, thus
dispensing with long shafts, endless belts, ropes, and other gearing.
In carrying out my Invention I take steam from a steam pipe into a revolving
head provided with suitable outlets arranged at such an angle that the steam in
issuing from them imparts revolving motion to the head, and which tendency

page_text: to revolve is still further increased by the issuing steam blowing against suitable
projections formed on or surrounding the inside of the enclosed casing into which
the steam escapes, and from which casing the exhaust steam is led into the drying
stoves, and thus is utilised over again for heating purposes.
By thus connecting one of these revolving heads to each of the spindles or shafts 5
of the machines above indicated, I produce the revolving motion required.
Or instead of the steam being employed as aforesaid, I sometimes blow the steam
on to the vanes formed upon the outside of the revolving heads.
MEANS OF PRESERVING AND TRANSPORTING EGGS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jasper Wetter at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 2nd September 1881. A communication
from abroad by Antoine Cruveiller, of Paris, France.
JASPER WETTER, of New Wandsworth, Surrey.
MEANS OF PRESERVING AND TRANSPORTING EGGS." A communication from
abroad by Antoine Cruveiller, of Paris, France.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
This Invention relates to the means of preserving and transporting eggs on a
large scale.
The process applied for this purpose has the object, first, of destroying or
neutralizing the minute organic germs which have penetrated through the shell,
and tend to produce putrefaction; and second, in preventing the further intrusion of
organic germs from the surrounding air. The first object may be attained by
treating the eggs with a solution consisting of approximately 100 parts of pure
boracic acid and 3 parts of distilled water. This solution is prepared at a moderate
heat and must be applied cold.
The second object is attained by coating the eggs with a mixture of approximately
100 parts of potassium silicate, 100 parts of distilled water, and 10 parts of chalk.
This coating closes hermetically the pores of the eggs and protects them against the
surrounding air.
For drying the eggs after having been steeped in the solutions every egg is
placed upright on a stand consisting of three short vertical tubes which form &
regular triangle, and are sufficiently apart to hold the egg a little below its greatest
circumference when placed between the tubes.
The tubes stand on a horizontal board, and are secured by iron pins or nails
driven with their lower ends into the board and forming a core for each tube, the
latter reaching over the top of the nail so as to prevent a contact of the egg with
the metal.
Every board carries a considerable number of eggs (preferably 100, supported by
300 tubes), and two, three, or more boards are arranged one over the other at
suitable distances by means of stands or trestles.
For preparing the solutions a hemispherical metallic vessel is used, provided
with a stirrer which consists of a vertical shaft provided with perforated wings,
preferably three in number, said shaft being set in revolution by means of bevel
wheels, a horizontal shaft, and a crank.

page_text: When prepared by the process described, the eggs are packed for preservation or
transport by placing each egg in a paper bag and arranging the latter in a chest
by means of a system of strings stretched across the chest, there being a string
between any two adjacent series of bags for holding them apart, and one below the
bags for supporting the latter, so that several layers of eggs can be stored one over
the other;
and as the strings supporting one layer pass over the bags of the nearest
layer below it, the eggs are prevented from falling out when the chest is upset.
AN IMPROVED FASTENING OR CONNECTING DEVICE FOR THE STRAPS OF CARRIAGE DASH-BOARDS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Harris Lake at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 15th September 1881. A com-
munication from abroad by Charles Frederic Littlejohn and Harvey. Ford,
both of New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America.
HENRY HARRIS LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London. "AN IMPROVED FASTENING OR CONNECTING
DEVICE FOR THE STRAPS OF CARRIAGE DASH-BOARDS." [A communication from
abroad by Charles Frederic Littlejohn and Harvey Ford, both of New Haven,
Connecticut, United States of America.]
This Invention relates to an improved connecting device for use with the straps
on carriage dash-boards as a means of fastening the boot flap, the object being to
provide a simple and cheap construction of such a character that the strain upon
the fastener shall tend to make the fastening more secure than otherwise.
In carrying the said Invention into practice, I attach to the standing strap a
metal loop, and to the free strap a metal hook of peculiar shape is attached. This
hook is made from a strip of sheet metal, with a loop or slot at one end, to which
the free strap is secured; above the loop the hook is bent forward so as to bring its
other end substantially in line with or slightly forward of the straight line of the
strap, while a bent portion above lies back or in rear of the aforesaid slot or point
where the free strap is attached.
To engage the free strap with the standing strap the hook is turned up, and the
free end of the hook is passed through the first-named loop until the hook reaches
the bend or bent portion of the hook, then the latter is turned down to bring its
free end against the free strap. This brings the line of pull or strain at the bend,
and in rear of the loop in the hook or point where the free strap is attached, so
that the strain tends to force and hold the end down, and against the free strap.
To disconnect I reverse the operation.
This construction of hook is cheap, being in two parts only, and of such a nature
that they may be readily struck and shaped in dies without the labor of placing
the parts together as required in the usual construction where several parts are
employed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF COLOURING MATTER
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frank Wirth at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 8th January 1881. A communication from
Otto Fischer, Doctor of Philosophy, of Munich, Germany.
FRANK WIRTH, of the Firm of Wirth and Company, Patent Solicitors, at
Frankfort on the Main, in the Empire of Germany. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF COLOURING MATTER." [A communication from Otto Fischer,
Doctor of Philosophy, of Munich, Germany.]
A method discovered by my correspondent for the preparation of amido-
derivatives of triphenylmethan by the action of benzaldehyde on aromatic amine
bases in the presence of dehydrating agents was described in the Bericht der
Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaftes, 1877, page 1624, and in the same publication
for 1878, page 950.
These amidoderivatives of triphenylmethan, known to chemists, under the name
of "Leuco-bases," give by oxidation colouring matters, which according to present
knowledge are closely related to rosaniline and its derivatives. One of these
colouring matters is already prepared on a commercial scale, and is sold under the
names "Bittermandeloel green,"
"Victoria green,"
," "Malachite green.". The same
results by the oxidation of tetramethyldiamidotriphenylmethan discovered and
described by my correspondent, which is formed from benzaldehyde and dimethyl-
aniline in presence of dehydrating agents according to the equation
C. HỌ CHO+C% H. NH:HO=C H. CH (C% HN (CH3).)..
This Invention consists in using paranitrobenzaldehyde instead of benzaldehyde
for the preparation of new derivatives of triphenylmethan by the action of the
same on secondary and tertiary aromatic amines in the presence of dehydrating
agents, and the conversion of the said Leuco-bases by oxidation into colouring
matters. For this purpose the following aromatic bases are employed :—Mono-
methyl- and dimethyl-aniline, monoethyl- and diethyl-aniline, monamyl- and
diamyl-aniline, monobenzyl- and dibenzyl-aniline, diphenylamine, methyl-, ethyl-,
and benzyl-diphenylamine, and homologues and substitution compounds of the said
bases.
These bases are heated with paranitrobenzaldehyde in presence of dehydrating
agents, as, for example, zinc chloride in a water or oil bath until the re-action is at

page_text: an end. The resulting Leuco-bases, after suitable treatment with water, are
directly converted into colouring matters, according to known methods, by the
action of suitable oxidising agents, for example, manganic or plumbic dioxides.
In order to obtain colouring matters soluble in water, the above mentioned
Leuco-bases are treated with sulphuric acid, and the resulting sulphonic acids
converted by oxidizing agents into colouring matters.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN SCREW PROPELLERS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Jones at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 5th October 1881.
JAMES JONES, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SCREW PROPELLERS."
The object of my Invention is to increase the efficiency of submerged screws in
propelling navigable vessels. For that purpose I cast the boss and blades in one or
more pieces as is now usual, or I cast the boss separate and attach the blades
thereto in any ordinary or convenient manner. The blades, which may have a
varying or uniform pitch, are of novel construction; they have the leading and
following edges of the alternate ones cut off in a rounded sweep from about half
the length to the outer extremity. By so constructing them they stand apart at
the outer extremity, and when in motion resemble a swallow's tail in shape. The
blades start from the same circumferential line on the boss.
APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING MUSICAL SOUNDS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Osborn Spong at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th December 1881.
JAMES OSBORN SPONG of No. 249 High Holborn in the County of Middlesex
Domestic Appliances Manufacturer. "APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING MUSICAL
SOUNDS."
The object of my Invention is special adaptation and method of action of a
series of suspended balls or other appliances capable of travelling round and coming
into contact with bells, gongs, stringed or other musical instrument of a like nature
by the revolution of a cap or vane arranged above gas or other flame or jets or by
the application of clock work or other means.
For the purposes of my Invention I attach a series of cords of various lengths,
elastic or otherwise, from a disc vane or rotator which I arrange over gas jets or I
cause it to revolve by any other means or appliance. These cords have cork or
other balls or their equivalents affixed which are carried round and by a swinging
action are caused to come into contact with musical or sound giving apparatus
placed within their reach.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF LAMP CHIMNIES TO RENDER SAME APPLICABLE FOR HEATING WATER AND OTHER LIQUIDS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick James Costa at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 22nd February 1881.
FREDERICK JAMES COSTA, of No. 1, Belitha Villas, in the Parish of Islington, in
the County of Middlesex, Artist. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
LAMP CHIMNIES TO RENDER SAME APPLICABLE FOR HEATING WATER AND OTHER
LIQUIDS."
The lamp may be made in any manner with which a chimney can be used, such
as are generally for illuminating, and the improvements I propose that may either
be used together or separately are,-
Firstly. To be used occasionally in place of the ordinary chimney, I propose to
make an utensil for boiling water and other liquids.
This I achieve by making an ordinary pot of metal, or any material that will
suit, & of any shape that may be desired, with a piece of tube (straight; conical
shaped, or otherwise) made of metal or any material that will suit, passing upward
through the bottom of the said pot. This tube I design to act as a chimney to the
lamp, over which it may be placed, which becoming heated by the flame of the
lamp heats in return the water that comes in contact with the outer side of the
said tube contained inside of the said pot.
Furthermore by making the lower part of the said tube or chimney that passes
downward through the bottom of the said pot of glass, porcelain, or transparent
material, I propose if desirable to derive light from the said lamp whilst using it
for boiling purposes.
Secondly. I propose to make the reservoir and light of the said lamp capable of
being raised and lowered by supporting the said reservoir and light with one,
two, three, four, or more of the mechanical contrivances generally known as lazy
tongs.
A ROTARY HAWSE PIPE FOR LIGHT SHIPS OR OTHER MOORED VESSELS FOR THE PURPOSE OF KEEPING SUBMARINE TELEGRAPH OR TELEPHONE CABLES CLEAR OF THE CABLE CHAINS WHEN THE SHIP IS SWINGING EITHER BY TIDE OR FORCE OF WIND
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Cockshott and Henry
Martin Goodman at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
14th March 1881.
THOMAS COCKSHOTT, of 40, Calvert Road, East Greenwich, in the County of
Kent, Lighterman and Waterman, and HENRY MARTIN GOODMAN, of Avalon,
Catford Hill, Catford, in the same County, Gentleman. "A ROTARY HAWSE
PIPE FOR LIGHT SHIPS OR OTHER MOORED VESSELS FOR THE PURPOSE OF
KEEPING SUBMARINE TELEGRAPH OR TELEPHONE CABLES CLEAR OF THE CABLE
CHAINS WHEN THE SHIP IS SWINGING EITHER BY TIDE OR FORCE OF WIND."
The Invention consists of two rotating hawse pipes contained in one casting,
and carried on friction rollers or other suitable bearings in flanges or framing fixed
to the ship's bow. The hawse pipes consist of a larger and smaller one, the larger
being concentric with the rotating casting and intended for the ship's cable, and
the smaller one at one side, their axes being parallel. The revolving casting is
rotated by means of a lever or levers inserted in one or other of a series of
mortices on its periphery, or by spur or bevel gear or other suitable mechanical
means.
The Invention is illustrated in the Sheet of Drawings annexed hereto, and
consists of a concentric casting A having through its centre a circular opening B,
the ends of which are trumpet shaped to facilitate the passage of the anchor chain
or cable.
At one side of this central opening B is a smaller one C of a circular or elliptical
shape, the ends of which are also trumpet shaped in order to facilitate the passage
of telegraph cable.
•
This casting when fitted in its place is made to revolve by means of a lever
inserted in one or other of the morticed bosses D cast on the deck side and at its
periphery.
The carriage for the above mentioned casting consists of two flanges E and E
bolted together and to side or bow of ship by means of bolts, as shown; and in
order to reduce the friction of rotating the hawser-pipe it has its immediate
bearing on cast steel balls F running in turned surfaces of hawser-pipe and
carriages respectively.
AN IMPROVED INSTRUMENT OR APPLIANCE FOR PROTECTING RESPIRATION IN COLD OR VITIATED ATMOSPHERES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Saunders at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 6th December 1881.
EDWIN SAUNDERS, of No. 13º, George Street, Hanover Square, in the County
of Middlesex "AN IMPROVED INSTRUMENT OR APPLIANCE FOR PROTECTING
RESPIRATION IN COLD OR VITIATED ATMOSPHERES."
My Invention has for its object to afford ready means for protecting respiration
in cold or vitiated atmospheres without having for this purpose to fix to the
mouth appliances such as the known forms of respirators which besides the
inconvenience to which they subject the wearer have more or less detrimental
action on the respiratory organs.
According to my Invention I construct a light frame of metal or other suitable
material adapted to rest at its lower end upon the chest of the wearer while near
its upper end it has a projecting arm by preference attached by a hinge joint and
terminating in a hook by which it can be hooked into the collar or on to the
collar stud or brooch of the wearer so as to keep the other part of the frame in a
more or less upright position while resting on the chest. At the upper end of the
frame is provided a light cross bar or support the shape of which may or may not
conform more or less to the curvature of the mouth or nose and which is adjustablo
in height relatively to the other part of the frame such adjustment being effected
by a stem on the support sliding through a socket on the frame and held therein
at any position to which it is adjusted by means of a screw or by a spring.
clamp or any other known fixing device may be employed for securing the
support.
The instrument as above described being placed in position in front of the
mouth of the wearer a pocket handkerchief or other convenient light material is
placed over the support thus forming a light screen in front of the respiratory
organs that will take up the heat from the exhaltations and impart such heat to
the air drawn in this action being increased or decreased in effect according as the
wearer places his mouth and nose nearer to or farther from the screen or according
as the adjustable support is moved higher or lower.

page_text: In place of or in combination with the beforementioned hooked arm may be
provided a light band passed round the neck of the wearer and a second band
also passed round the neck may be attached to the lower end of the frame to keep
it in position.
The frame may be jointed in any convenient manner so as to allow of its being
folded up into a small compass
IMPROVEMENTS IN SAFETY VALVES OF STEAM GENERATORS, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO ANY RECIPIENT CONTAINING FLUIDS, GAS, STEAM, OR LIQUIDS IN PRESSURE
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Charles Henderson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th September 1881. A com-
munication from abroad by Victor Bablon, of the City of Paris, in the
Republic of France, Civil Engineer and Manufacturer.
ARTHUR CHARLES HENDERSON, of 6, Southampton Buildings, Holborn, in the
County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SAFETY VALVES OF STEAM GENERATORS,
WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO ANY RECIPIENT CONTAINING
FLUIDS, GAS, STEAM, OR LIQUIDS IN PRESSURE." A communication from abroad
by Victor Bablon, of the City of Paris, in the Republic of France, Civil Engineer
and Manufacturer.
Safety valves of steam boilers are generally defective in that they do not rise
enough to offer a sufficient orifice for the escape of the excess of steam.
This defect arises from the gradual diminution of the steam pressure beneath
the valve as it lifts it from its seat.
The features of novelty in the Invention, and which tend to obviate these
defects consist: 1st. In making safety valves cylindrical and hollow, and mounting
them at their lower extremities on the scat, which latter is fixed to the boiler.
2nd. In furnishing the said valves inside and a little below the dome with a piston
or diaphragm which divides the chamber into two parts, one the lower portion
constituting the seat-chamber, and the other or upper part which is limited below
by the piston and above by the dome.
In this upper portion steam constantly and freely arrives, taken preferably from
the hottest and tranquil part of the steam vapour of the boiler by the agency of a
tube supported by a cross bar at the lower end of the valve seat. This tube is
open at each end, the upper portion spreading out in form of a piston, between the
edges of which and the sides of the valve there is no friction, the steam conducted
by the tube reaching above the piston, and pressure is exercised under the dome of
the valve. When this valve by an excess of internal pressure is raised, there is
produced by reason of the violent exit of steam (between the seat and sides of the
valve) disturbances and counter currents resulting in a diminution of pressure
beneath the piston and in the region situated below the seat of the valve, but the
ube by its lower extremity, which plunges beyond the disturbed parts as far as

page_text: the hottest and most tranquil part of the steam vapour which fills the boiler,
maintains constantly under the dome of the valve the integral pressure existing in
the boiler.
The valve always obedient to this pressure and not to the pressure of the
escaping steam rises to its utmost to allow the excess of steam which is in the 5
boiler to pass, and does not drop into its seat till the pressure has again become
normal.