Improvements in the Production of Refractory Linings for Converter Bottoms, and in Apparatus therefor.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 28th May, 1890-Accepted, 6th Dec., 1890
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Production of Refractory Linings for
Converter Bottoms, and in Apparatus therefor.
1, BRUNO VERSEN, No. 8 Heiligenweg in Dortmund, Kingdom of Prussia, German
npire, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
e same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
e following statement :-
This invention relates to the production of the refractory linings of converter
ttoms by mechanically stamping the same down by machinery actuating suitable
imping apparatus.
Converter Bottoms, and in Apparatus therefor.
1, BRUNO VERSEN, No. 8 Heiligenweg in Dortmund, Kingdom of Prussia, German
Empire, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
This invention relates to the production of the refractory linings of converter
bottoms by mechanically stamping the same down by machinery actuating suitable
stamping apparatus.
Such machinery is shewn on the accompanying drawings in which
Fig. 1 shews a vertical section and
Fig. 2 a sectional plan of the same.
The converter bottom to be lined is placed upon a revolving table c above which is
a crane-arm a, rotatable on an axis fand carrying the radially adjustable stamper b,
which may be in the form of a spring hammer.
The table c with the converter bottom receives a slow rotary motion of a determined
number of revolutions per minute from a transmission shaft w, which also imparts-to
stamper an up and down motion, so as to operate upon every part of the surface of
the converter bottom as the crane arm is moved to and fro. The stamper itself is
actuated by means of the bevil wheels 1, the friction discs d d¹ and bevil wheels b, as
will be presently more fully described. The raising and lowering of the crane arm with
parts attached thereto is effected by the movement of the elbow lever which has its
one arm connected by links to the crane-arm and its other arm connected by links
to a crosshead l³ fitted with a female screw thread upon the screw spindle ¹, by the
rotation of which the crosshead is consequently moved to and fro. The rotation of k¹
in the one direction or the other for this purpose is effected by bevil wheels k made
to gear in the well known manner alternately with opposite sides of a bevil wheel on
the screw spindle.
The elbow lever / has a horizontal tail carrying a weight m which balances the
weight of the crane arm and parts carried thereby.
In order to effect a uniform stamping, the number of strokes of the stamper during
one revolution of the converter bottom can be proportioned to the diameter of the
circle on which the stamper is for the time being operating.
This is effected by radially shifting the friction roller d¹ upon the surface of the
driving friction disc d, the roller d being gradually moved from its position nearest
the centre of d towards the periphery thereof, as the stamper is made to operate at a
correspondingly increasing distance from the centre of the converter bottom, and thus
a proportionately increasing number of strokes will be imparted to the stamper for
each revolution of the converter bottom. The shifting of the roller d' can be effected
during the rotation of the disc d and be made to take place automatically.
Figs 3 to 7 shew to an enlarged scale the mechanism for actuating the stamper b
and crane arm a which it is preferred to employ.
Figs. 3 and 4 shew longitudinal sections of the stamper respectively in the raised
position and in the lowered position.
Fig. 5 shews a side elevation of the crane arm and actuating mechanism, and
Fig. 6 shews a sectional plan of the same, and
Fig. 7 shews a section of the roller d¹.
The shaft, which. as before stated, is driven by the bevil' gear 6' imparts rotary
motion to the disc d which is fitted thereon with a feather and groove so as to be
capable of slight vertical motion thereon.
This disc is in. frictional. contact with the roller. d', fitted with a feather and

page_text: groove on the shaft a', which hy means of bevil gear 2 drives the spindle a³ of the
stamp. b.
The spindle a carries a helically formed boss a' into which takes a corresponding
helical boss fixed in a tubular stem to which is attached the stamp head 67, and
which slides up and down within the fixed tubular guide 6 of the stamp, and also over
the cylindrical surface of the boss a', the tube 6* being prevented from rotating by
means of feathers thereon sliding in grooves in the tube b. The boss b³ has a
collar on which bears the lower end of a spring 66, the upper end of which bears
against a fixed but adjustable abutment 6 in the tube 6. From the above con-
struction it will be seen that as the boss a¹ is rotated by the spindle a³, it will raise up
the boss 63 and with it the stamp head, at the same time compressing the spring
until the boss at has arrived in the position shewn at Fig. 3, when on its further
rotation, it will release the boss 13, and this, together with the stamp 67 will be
propelled downward into the position shewn at Fig. 4. The head 6 is secured in the
socket on the end of the tube by means of screw bolts 18.
For effecting the automatic shifting of the roller d¹ on the surface of the disc d,
the roller is connected by a loose ring, as shewn at Fig. 7, to a looped rode that is
pivotted to a pin on a crank plate A, mounted on a tail of the crane arm a, so that
by the rotation of the crank plate the crank pin and rod e cause the roller d' to be
.slid upon its shaft farther from or nearer to the centre of the disc d, thereby causing
the stamp to make a greater or less number of strokes during one revolution of the
dise d. The rotation of the crank plate for this purpose is effected by the turning
of the crane arm a by hand upon its axis in the following manner. To the crank
plate is fixed a pinion i gearing with a toothed segment g carried by a slide g² on the
framing in such manner as to be capable of sliding up and down with the crane
arm to which it is connected. On the crane arm a being turned through a certain
angle so as to bring the stamper from the central position to that nearest the
periphery of the bottom, the toothed wheel rolls to a corresponding extent upon
the segment g, and thus turns the crank plate through a semi revolution so as to
move the roller d from its innermost position to that nearest the periphery of d.
During this motion the entire surface of the converter bottom will have been
operated upon by the stamper.
The crane arm a and stamper 6 are then moved back from the periphery of the
crane bottom to the centre, and a fresh layer of material having been spread
'thereon, this will in like manner be stamped down with a gradually decreasing
number of strokes of the stamper, as the roller d' is moved back from the periphery
towards the centre of d.
In order that the pinion i may always remain in gear with the segment rack g
an arm g' is provided fixed at one end to the vertically sliding frame g² that carries
the rack and that embraces the shaft with its other end. As before stated, the
disc can slide vertically on the shaft, so that on raising it from off the roller d¹
by means of the lever mechanism, the stamper & can at any time be brought to
a standstill.
The necessary blast holes in the lining of the converter bottom are preferably
pierced in the material from below by means of needles during the operation of
stamping down. These needles can be fixed to one and the same plate p which is
carried by rods s¹ and can be raised and lowered. The rods s' pass through a cross-
head connected rigidly to the table c by means of rods s, so that the cross head
together with the rods s plate p and needles q revolve with the table. The rods s'
are carried by a crosshead having a threaded boss screwed upon a screw spindle t
the axis of which coincides with the axis of the converter bottom. The upper end
of the screw spindle serves at the same time as pivot for the crosshead r.
2'
By a suitable rotation of the screw spindlet the crosshead is raised together
with the rods s' plate 2 and needles g, such advance of the needles being made to
take place continuously in such manner that their points are always about 1 inches
below the surface of the stamped material.
On the completion of the lining, the needles are withdrawn as rapidly as possible

page_text: from the same. The slow forward motion and rapid backward motion of the needles
is effected by causing the shaft u to be driven by a strap from the shaft w at a
speed somewhat quicker than that of the converter bottom. The motion of u being
imparted to the spindle through the opposite bevil wheels gearing with
on it will be seen that when t is being rotated by in the same direction as
that of the converter bottom, the advance of the needles will only be that due to
the difference of the two speeds, while when the spindle t is driven in the contrary
direction to the converter bottom by the wheels the needles will be made to
descend rapidly. A clutch is provided on the driving shaft wat for throwing
the toothed gear of the table carrying the converter bottom out of action, and thus
bring it to a standstill when such withdrawal of the needles is to be effected.
The position of the needles in the converter bottom lining at any time is indicated
by an index y connected to the crosshead and consequently moving up and down
therewith.
The blast holes formed as above described can be enlarged after the lining is
completed by driving in thicker needles or mandrils.
The above described needle apparatus can be dispensed with in certain cases, or
be replaced by another device for piercing the blast holes, the other part of the
apparatus for stamping the lining remaining the same as described.
The needles q may for example, be carried by a plate that is raised or lowered
by independent hydraulic, screw, or hand gear; for enabling the stamper to act on
inclined surfaces, the apparatus is made rotatable round the axis a¹.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The production of a refractory lining to converter bottoms by means of a
mechanically actuated stamper, such as a spring hammer or the like in combination
with means for piercing the blast holes, substantially as described.
2. Apparatus for stamping the lining of converter bottoms, wherein a vertically
and horizontally moveable crane-arm a carries a stamper 6 for stamping every part
of the surface of the lining, the strokes of the stamper being produced by means
of frictional gear d d' of which the friction roller d' can be moved farther from or
nearer to the centre of the friction disc d, whereby the number of strokes of the
stamper during one revolution of the converter bottom is made proportional to the
distance at which the stamper is for the time being situated from the centre of
the converter bottom, substantially as described.
q
3. The use, for piercing the blast holes in the converter bottom lining, of needles
which revolve with the latter, and are slowly advanced upward during the process
of stamping, while on the stopping of the motion of the converter bottom, the
needles are rapidly withdrawn substantially as described.
4. The use for operating the needles in the manner referred to in the preceding
claim, of a plate p carrying the needles g, and actuated by a screw spindle t revolving
with a slightly greater speed than the converter bottom, so that the advance of
the needles is effected by the difference between the speeds of the screw spindle
and the converter bottom, while the withdrawal is effected at a speed corresponding
to that of the reverse motion of the screw spindle while the converter bottom is
stationary substantially as described.
Dated this 10th day of Mov 1800
ABEL & IMRAY,
Agents for the Applicant.