improved apparatus for roasting coffee and the like
Year: 1898

page_text: I, ERIK OLOF TAFLIN, of Karlavägen 20, Stockholm, Sweden, Director, do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows;―
This invention relates to improved apparatus for roasting coffee and the like.
In order to get the best result both as to economy and the quality of the final
product in roasting coffee and similar substances which during the process emit
valuable aromatic vapours, it has of late years become customary to use special
contrivances for retaining and utilising the volatile substances developed in the raw
material to be roasted. The apparatus hitherto used for this purpose have, how-
ever, proved to be almost worthless, since, on account of their primitive construction,
they work very unsatisfactorily. In roasting coffee and the like, only aqueous
vapours and other worthless volatile substances are at first emitted which should
not be allowed to enter the tank containing the substitute intended to absorb the
aromatic vapours. The outer membrane which scales off from the coffee beans
during the first part of the. roasting process must also be entirely excluded from
the said tank, into which only the aromatic vapours emitted later on should be
allowed to enter. These requirements for the attainment of a good result in
roasting coffee and the like are only imperfectly fulfilled by the apparatus now used
for this purpose, and the results have, consequently in most cases fallen far
below what might be expected.
The object of my invention is to provide an in all respects suitable apparatus
for roasting coffee and the like by means of which the valuable aromatic vapours
developed during the roasting-process are saved.
In the following specification by the word coffee is meant all such nutritious
substances that emit aromatic vapours while being roasted.
My invention is set forth in the accompanying drawing, which shows a vertical
section of an apparatus constructed so as to satisfy the above stated requirements.
The coffee-roaster itself consists of a vessel (a), which is arranged so as to be.
able to rotate, and which by means of a perforated wall or partition (b) is divided
into two chambers (a¹ and a²) of which the one (a¹) is adapted to receive the material
to be roasted, while the other (a) constitutes an intermediate chamber leading to
the (tank) chamber for the substitute for coffee, in which intermediate chamber the
outer membrane torn off during the first stage of the roasting-process is destroyed.
ר...S72

page_text: The coffee-roaster, which may suitably be of conical form, is provided with
diagonally placed shovels or wings (c) so arranged that when the tank rotates, the
material being roasted is kept moving backwards and forwards in the tank in a
longitudinal direction. The front wall (a) of the coffee-roaster is provided with
sliding doors (4) or other suitable shutters for covering the perforations in the
walls (e) behind them, through which perforations the worthless vapours, which
develope during the first stage of the roasting-process, escape. The said wall (a³)
is furthermore provided with charging openings (not visible in the drawings)
adapted to be easily closed and through which the material to be roasted is inserted
into and removed from the tank a
The intermediate chamber (a2), or the part of the coffee-roaster which is nearest
the chamber for the substitute, is around its periphery provided with openings (a),
which may be opened and closed by means of sliding doors (f) or any other suit-
able arrangement. The outer end wall (a) of the last-mentioned chamber is in
some suitable manner fastened to the end of a hollow axle (g), with the interior of
which the chamber (a) communicates by means of an opening in the centre of
the wall (a), which opening is provided with a tight-shutting valve h, which is
placed at one end of a valve-rod running through the coffee-roaster, said valve-
rod being provided with a hand-wheel for turning the same, The valve-rod h¹ is
guided partly by a hole bored in the wall a³ and partly by an opening provided
with threads in a nozzle-shaped projection on the wall a
Immediately behind the valve, in the hollow axle g there is an intermediate
wall provided with very fine perforations which allow the aromatic vapours but
not the outer membrane of the coffee-beans to pass through.
On opening a cock, the gas from the gas-pipe 7 passes to the tubular burner m
which consists of a, preferably adjustable, tube furnished with several jets or holes
and curved branches n. This tubular burner, which is intended for heating the
coffee-roaster, niay of course, be exchanged for any other suitable heat-generator
Both the roaster and the burner are enclosed in a metal covering o, which, how-
ever must not prevent either the rotation of the roaster nor the adjusting of the
sliding doors f of the intermediate chamber. For the latter reason, the covering
is on the sides provided with openings (not visible on the drawing) which correspond
to the openings at in the wall of the intermediate chamber and like those are
provided with sliding-doors or the like.
0
The hollow axle g, which is journaled in the fork-shaped bracket p, supports at
its opposite end the chamber q for substitute, which consists of a, suitably cylinder-
shaped drum, which as the roaster is provided with shovels or wings q¹ for facili-
tating the movement of the substitute. One of the end-walls is supplied with
one or more openings for inserting and removing the substitute, said openings being
closed by means of suitable doors r.
In the interior of the chamber for the substitute there is a central projection s,
in which is journaled an axle t, which, by means of a pulley t¹ attached at one end
thereof, can be made to rotate. The axle t supports at its other end a suction-
fan 2, which may suitably be enclosed in a flange on the end of the axle g, which
flange serves as a fan-chamber. In order to prevent the substitute from entering
the fan-chamber during the rotation of the substitute-chamber and decrease the
rotating-speed of the fan, the supporting-arm (s) is surrounded by a, suitably double
conical, wall () which only in the proximity of the wall 2 allows the aromatic
vapours from the coffee-roaster to escape. By way of still further precaution, the
communication between the fan-chamber and the substitute-chamber may be
entirely shut off by means of the two sliding-doors (v) placed diagonally in the
narrow part of the double conical wall, and are adjustable by means of rods (¹)
running through the substitute-chamber, said rods being provided with suitable
handles:
A cog-wheel (r) on the outer side of one of the end-walls (3) serves to set the
apparatus in rotation, said cog-wheel being supplied with inner cogs and meshing
with a pinion (2) on the transmission axle (y).

page_text: The apparatus works in the following manner:
:
After the coffee has been introduced through the charging-openings into the
chamber (a) of the coffee-roaster, the sliding-doors d and f are opened; the appara-
tus set rotating, and the tubular gas-burner lit.. During this stage of the roasting-
process, the valve;h should be kept carefully closed, as also as the sliding-doors (v).
The fan 2 is as yet at rest, so that no suction arises at the valve h. The vapours
developed from the coffee find an exit at e and d. A large amount of husks, or
covering membranes, are also removed during the first stage of the roasting-process
and through the openings in the wall b.enter the chamber a², where they are
burned by the flames entering through the openings a' from the gas-burner.
In this way, the roasting may go on undisturbed until, aromatic .vapours begin.
to be developed from the coffee. The doors d and f. are thereupon closed, the
valve h and the sliding-doors are opened, and the fan is set working. The.
aromatic vapours from the coffee-roaster are by the fan 2 drawn into the substi-
tute-chamber, where they are absorbed by the prepared substitute, which by the
action of the fan is prevented from entering the fan-chamber. The husks which
are still left when this stage of the roasting-process is going on, are prevented from
entering the substitute-tank by means of the intermediate wall k, which is provided
with very small perforations. If desirable, the progress of the process may be
watched through the easily closed opening g', in the hollow axle g. When the
coffee is sufficiently roasted, the gas is turned off and the roasting process is finished.
The roasting accomplished in the above-described manner gives a result which is
satisfactory in every respect, since, at the same time that the coffee is well roasted,
a valuable substitute, laden with real coffee-aroma, is obtained. By placing
the valve h at the end of the hollow axle. g, the husks torn off from the coffee-beans
during the first stage of the roasting-process are prevented from collecting in the
part of the hollow axle nearest the coffee-roaster, where they would be gradually
charred and, on opening the valve, would, together with unwholesome gases formed
by prolonged charring, enter the substitute-chamber.
The apparatus described and set forth in the drawing may, of course, be modified
in many ways in its different details, without departing from the essential idea of
the invention, which is therefore not limited to. the above described form of con- ..
struction.
1
יד
wasting Core and the like.
I, ERIK OLOF TAFLIN, of Karlavägen 20, Stockholm, Sweden, Director, dó
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following.
statement:
In order to get the best. result both as to economy and the quality of the final
product in roasting coffee and similar substances which during the process emit
valuable aromatic vapours, it has of late years, become customary to use special
contrivances for retaining and utilizing the volatile substances developed in the raw
material to be roasted. The apparatuses hitherto used for this purpose have, how-
ever, proved to be almost worthless, since, on account of their primitive construction,
they work very unsatisfactorily. In roasting coffee and the like only aqueous
vapours, and other worthless volatile substances are at first emitted which should
"

page_text: '
not be allowed to enter the tank containing the substitute intended to absorb the
aromatic vapours. The outer membrane which scales off from the coffee beans
during the first part of the roasting process must also be entirely excluded from
the said tank, into which only the aromatic vapours emitted later on should be
allowed to enter. These requirements for the attainment of a good result in
roasting coffee and the like are only imperfectly fulfilled by the apparatus used
for this purpose, and the results have, consequently. in most cases fallen far
below what might be expected.
The object of my invention is to provide an in all respects suitable apparatus
for roasting coffee and the like by means of which the valuable aromatic vapours.
developed during the roasting process are saved.
In the following specification by the word coffee is meant all such nutritious
substances that emit aromatic vapours while being roasted.
My invention is set forth in the drawings filed with my Provisional Specification
which shows a vertical section of an apparatus constructed so as to fulfil the above
stated requirements.
The coffee-roaster itself consists of a vessel (a) which is arranged so as to be
able to rotate, and which by means of a perforated wall or partition (b) is divided
into two chambers (a¹ and a²) of which the one (a¹) is adapted to receive the material
to be roasted, while the other (a2) constitutes an intermediate chamber leading to
the tank for the substitute of coffee, in which intermediate chamber the
outer membrane torn off during the first stage of the roasting process is destroyed.
The coffee-roaster, which may suitably be of conical form, is provided with
diagonally placed shovels or wings (c) so arranged that when the tank rotates the
material being roasted is kept moving backwards and forwards in the tank in a
longitudinal direction. The front wall (a) of the coffee-roaster is provided with
sliding doors () or other suitable shutters for covering the perforations in the
walls (e) behind them, through which perforations the worthless vapours, which
develop during the first stage of the roasting process, escape. The said wall (a³)
is furthermore provided with charging openings (not visible in the drawings)
adapted to be easily closed and through which the material to be roasted is inserted
into and removed from the tank a¹.
The intermediate chamber (a³) or the part of the coffee roaster which is nearest
the chamber for the substitute, is around its periphery provided with openings (a4)
which may be opened and closed by means of sliding doors (f) or any other suit-
able arrangement. The outer end wall (a) of the last mentioned chamber is in
some suitable manner fastened to the end of a hollow axle (g) with the interior of
which the chamber (a²) is connected by means of an opening in the centre of
the wall (a), which opening is provided with a tight shutting valve h, which is
placed at one end of a valve rod h¹ running through the coffee roaster, said valve
rod being provided with a hand wheel for turning the same. The valve rod h¹ is
guided partly by a hole bored in the wall a³ and partly by an opening provided
with threads in a nozzle-shaped projection on the wall a
Immediately behind the valve h, in the hollow axle y there is an intermediate
wall provided with very fine perforations which allow the aromatic vapours but
not the outer membrane of the coffee-beans to pass through.
On opening a cock, the gas from the gas-pipe 7 passes to the tubular burner m
which consists of a, preferably adjustable, tube furnished with several jets or holes
and curved branches n. This tubular burner, which is intended for heating the
coffee roaster, may of course, be exchanged for any other suitable heat-generator.
Both the roaster and the burner are enclosed in a metal covering o, which, how-
ever, must not interfere either with the rotation the roaster or the adjusting of the
sliding doors f of the intermediate chamber. For the latter reason, the covering
is on the sides provided with openings (not visible on the drawing) which correspond
to the openings at in the wall of the intermediate chamber and like those are
provided with sliding doors or the like.
0
The hollow axle g which is journalled in the fork-shaped bracket p, supports at

page_text: its opposite end the chamber g for substitute, which consists of a, suitably cylinder-
shaped drum, which like the roaster, is provided with shovels or wings q for facili-
tating the movement of the substitute. One of the end walls q is supplied with
one or more openings for inserting and removing the substitute, said openings being
closed by means of suitable doors r.
In the interior of the chamber for the substitute there is a central projection s
in which is journalled an axle t which, by means of a pulley t¹ attached at one end
thereof, can be brought to rotate. The axle t supports at its other end a suction-
fan which may suitably be enclosed in a flange on the end of the axle g, which
flange serves as fan chamber. In order to prevent the substitute from entering
the fan chamber during the rotation of the substitute chamber and decrease the
rotating speed of the fan, the supporting arm s is surrounded by a suitable double
conical wall u which only in the proximity of the wall q2 allows the aromatic
vapours from the coffee roaster to escape. By way of still further precaution, the
communication between the fan-chamber and the substitute chamber may be
entirely shut off, by means of two sliding doors placed diametrically in the narrow
part of the double conical wall, which doors are formed as a fork embracing the
supporting arms and are adjustable by means of rods running through the
substitute chamber, said rods being provided with suitable handles.
A cog-wheel x on the outer side of one of the end walls ³ serves to set the
apparatus. in rotation, said cog-wheel being supplied with inner cogs and meshing
with a pinion 2 on the transmission axle y'.
The apparatus works in the following manner:-
After the coffee has been introduced through the charging-openings. into the
chamber a of the coffee roaster, the sliding-doors d and f are opened, the appara-
tus set rotating, and the tubular gas-burner lit. During this stage of the roasting
process, the valve h should be kept carefully closed, as also as the sliding-doors
The fan is as yet at rest, so that no suction arises at the valve h. The vapours
developed from the coffee find an exit through the openings in the walls e and b.
A large amount of husks, or covering membranes, are also removed during the first
stage of the roasting process and through the openings in the wall 6 into the
chamber a², where they are burned by the flames entering through the openings at
from the gas burner.
In this way, the roasting may go on undisturbed until aromatic vapours begin
to be developed from the coffee. The doors and f are thereupon closed, the
valve h and the sliding-doors v are opened, and the fan 2 is set working. The
aromatic vapours from the coffee roaster are by the fan 2 drawn into the substi-
tute-chamber, where they are absorbed by the prepared substitute, which by the
action of the fan is prevented from entering the fan chamber. The husks which
are still left when this stage of the roasting process is going on, are prevented from
entering the substitute-tank by means of the intermediate wall k, which is provided
with very small perforations. If desirable, the progress of the process may be
watched through the easily closed opening g! in the hollow axle g. When the
coffee is sufficiently roasted, the gas is turned off and the roasting process is finished.
The roasting accomplished in the above described manner gives a result which is
satisfactory in every respect, since, at the same time that the coffee is well roasted,
a valuable substitute, laden with real coffee-aroma, is obtained. By placing the
valve h at the end of the hollow axle g the husks torn off from the coffee-beans
during the first stage of the roasting process are prevented from collecting in the
part of the hollow axle nearest the coffee-roaster, where they would be gradually
charred, and on opening the valve would, together with unwholesome gases formed
by prolonged charring, enter the substitute chamber.
The apparatus described and set forth in the drawing may of course be modified
in many ways in its different details, without departing from the essential idea of
the invention,, which is therefore not limited to the above described form of con-
struction.

page_text: -said; in-
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my-s
vention, and in what manner, the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
10 J
1
that
1. An apparatus for roasting coffee and the like, characterised by two separate,
tanks or holders (a and q) suitable to rotate, one of which," (the coffee roaster)
receives the material to be roasted; and the other (the substitute holder) collects
the aromatic vapours developed in the material being roasted, for which purpose
the said tanks or holders may be put into communication with each other or isolated
from each other by means of a valve (h) or the like:
11.
"
2 In such apparatus as described in Claim 1, the arrangement that the coffee
roaster and the substitute holder are connected and communicate with each other
by means of a journalléd, hollow axle (g), at the end of which nearest the coffee
roaster is placed the valve (h) for opening or shutting off the communication
between the coffee roaster and the substitute tank or substitute holder.
3. In such apparatus as set forth in Claims 1 and 2, the arrangement that the
aforesaid valve (h) is adjustable by means of a valve rod' (h) running through the
coffee roaster, said valve rod being supplied with a hand wheel; (2) or the like for
turning the same.
4. In such apparátus as set forth in Claim 1, the arrangement that the coffee
roaster (a), is of conical form and provided with diagonally placed shovels or
wings (c) so arranged that the material being roasted is given a longitudinal back-
ward and forward movement during the rotation of the roaster, in order that, the
roasting may be accomplished as uniform as possible.
5. In such apparatus as set forth in Claim 1, the arrangement that the coffee
roaster (a) is provided with perforated walls (e) which may be closed by means of
sliding doors () or by any other suitable means, in order that the worthless vapours
developed during the first stage of roasting may escape, while the aromatic vapours
developed during the latter stages of roasting may be collected in the substitute
holder by closing said sliding doors.
6. In such apparatus as set forth in Claim 1, the arrangement that the coffee
roaster (a) is, by means of a perforated wall (b) divided into two chambers (a¹, a²),
one of which (a) receives the material to be roasted, while the other (a²) consti-
tutes an intermediate chamber leading to the substitute holder, in which latter
chamber the husks or covering membranes separated from the coffee during the first
stage of roasting are collected.
7. In such apparatus as set forth in Claim 6, the arrangement that the inter-
mediate chamber (2) is provided with openings (a) which may be opened and
shut by means of sliding doors (f) or other suitable means, in order, that the sub-
stances emitted from the material roasted may be expelled or collected, as desired.
8. In such apparatus as set forth in Claim 6, or Claim 7; the arrangement. of
flames or jets under the intermediate chamber (a2) which flames enter said chamber
when the sliding doors (f) to said chamber are opened and burn up the husks or
covering membranes which have been separated from the coffee during the first
stage of the roasting process.
9. In such apparatus as set forth in Claim 1, the arrangement in the hollow
axle (9) immediately behind the regulating valve (h) of a very finely perforated
partition (k) in order to prevent the husks that possibly remain in the roasted
material till the latter stage of roasting, from entering the substitute holder. ----
10. In such apparatus as set forth in Claim 1 or 2, the arrangement of a rotating
fan (2) in the substitute holder or in a flange or enlargement of the hollow axle (g)
in order that the aromatic vapours from the coffee roaster may be drawn into the
substitute holder.
11. In such apparatus as set forth in Claim 10, the arrangement that the fan (2)
is enclosed in a (suitably double conical) wall (u) disposed in the substitute holder in
order to prevent the substitute in said substitute holder from entering the fan-
chamber and retarding the movement of the fan.

page_text: 12. In such apparatus as set forth in Claim 11, the arrangement that the double
conical wall (u) is at its narrowest part provided with sliding doors (v), which may
be adjusted by means of rods (1) running through the substitute holder, in order
that the communication between the substitute holder and the fan chamber may be
regulated as desired.
W. P. THOMPSON & Co.,
322, High Holborn, London W.C., Patent Agents for the Applicant.