IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CARDING COTTON, WOOL, OR OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS, AND IN APPARATUS FOR PREPARING OR SETTING THE CARDS OF CARDING ENGINES
Year: 1850

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Eleventh day of June, in the thirteenth year of Her reign,
did for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
William Edward Newton, Her especial license, full power, sole privilege and
authority, that I, the said William Edward Newton, my exors, adñiors, and
assigns, and such others as I, the said William Edward Newton, my exors,
adñiors, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times during the term of years therein mentioned, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and
the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR CARDING COTTON, WOOL, OR OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS, AND IN
APPARATUS FOR PREPARING OR SETTING THE CARDS OF CARDING ENGINES," being a
communication from abroad; in which said Letters Patent is contained a
proviso obliging me, the said William Edward Newton, by an instrument in
writing under my hand and seal, particularly to describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
and to cause the same to be inrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said

page_text: in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto
had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
William Edward Newton, do hereby declare that the nature of the said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, is particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following description thereof (that is
to say):
:-
This Invention of Improvements in Machinery for Carding Cotton, Wool,
or other Fibrous Materials, and in Apparatus for Preparing or Setting the
Cards of Carding Engines, is described by my Correspondent as relating to the
preparation of drums, cylinders, or rollers, for the reception of wire cards, and
also to the production of rollers suitable for setting or grinding such wire cards;
and consists in providing them with a covering of sheet paper, upon which, in
the one case, the cards either in sheet or in fillet may be attached, and in the
other a coating of emery or other such materials may be applied. The drums,
cylinders, or rollers to be prépared may be constructed. in any manner now
usually practised, as far as relates to the framework thereof, and may be
covered with sheet iron, as is well understood, or they may be of cast iron if
desired. If the former. of these constructions be adopted, there will probably
exist a certain degree of inequality in the periphery of the cylinder, drum, or
roller. This inequality is first to be removed, and may in a great nieasure be
accomplished by hammering or otherwise equalizing the surface; but, in order
to gain a pérfectly, cylindrical periphery, it. will be found convenient to adopt
the following method:-A layer of oil paint is laid upon the sheet iron, and a
quantity of fine sand sprinkled thereon; and when.. this has become dry, .a
mixture is formed of heated glue and sand of a consistence capable, of being
used with a trowel. This paste is then spread upon the surface to be prepared,
and the drum, cylinder, or roller placed in a. lathe for the purpose of scraping
ór. turning off.. the superabundant. sand and glue, by which operation the
inequalities will have become filled up, and a sufficiently true cylindrical surface
obtained: In using the above mixture care should be taken to sift the sand,
and to. cause it to be perfectly mixed with the glue, so as to obtain a honio-
genous compound; it will also be necessary to turn or scrape off the composi-
tion as mentioned before it beconies perfectly dry or hard, and this should be
done by a slow motion of the lathe, or the layer may be. wholly or in part
thrown off. The mixture. of glue and sand having been allowed to dry, a layer
of paper, which has been covered with a composition of glue and gum arabic,
is to be placed thereon, the latter in. a proportion of about ten per cent.; and
after this is perfectly dry, another layer is.in like.manner to be applied, and so

page_text: on until a sufficient thickness has been obtained; after which.a.coating of
glue is to be spread evenly over the surface, and then sprinkled with sifted
fine sand; and when this is dry, a paste similar to that before described is to
be prepared and spread upon the periphery of the cylinder or roller, which is
to be again placed in the lathe and the surface brought true, as before
described. If the inequalities be considerable, this operation may be repeated,
care being taken to allow the paste to dry between each application. The
cylinder, drum, or roller (if perfectly dry) will now be ready to receive the
finishing part of its preparation. For this purpose a sheet of paper is to be
laid accurately over its surface with cold starch, and when this is dry two coats
of varnish are to be applied, and the operation will be complete. When
cylinders or rollers of cast iron are adopted, the application of the paste for the
purpose of gaining a cylindrical surface may be dispensed with if desired by
turning the metal in a lathe so as to get the required truth; the finishing,
however, by means of the pasty mixture, will still be applicable. In order to
attach sheets of cards to the cylinders or rollers prepared as described, nails
may be used as in the ordinary manner, the layers of paper being laid on to a
thickness sufficient for the length of nail employed. In cases where fillets are
used, one thick sheet of paper only may if desired be applied, and the said
fillets attached by means of screws to the rings or other parts of the cylinder,
&c., or by nails, for the reception of which a plug of wood is provided, as
ordinarily practised. In order to prepare rollers for the reception of emery or
other such grinding substance, the process already described is to be followed,
excepting that it is preferred to use paint instead of varnish for finishing the
surface upon which the emery is to be applied in the usual manner.
Having now described the Invention that has been communicated to me by
my Foreign Correspondent, and the best means with which I am at present
acquainted for carrying the same into operation, I would observe in conclusion
that I do not mean or intend to claim covering cylinders or rollers with papier
maché or paper pulp, as I am aware that something of this kind has heretofore
been done; but that which I consider to be new, and therefore wish to claim
as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters
Patent is,
First, the covering of cylinders, drums, or rollers employed in the opperation
of carding, with a layer or layers of paper for the purpose above set forth.
Secondly, the covering of rollers used for grinding or setting the cards of
carding machines with a layer or layers of paper, upon which emery or other
such substance may be applied.
Also I claim the combination of operations above described for obtaining a

page_text: suitable cylindrical surface on the cylinders, drums, or rollers of carding
engines, and for the rollers employed in setting or grinding wire cards.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Newton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Eleventh day of December, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty.
suitable cylindrical surface on the cylinders, drums, or rollers of carding
engines, and for the rollers employed in setting or grinding wire cards.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Newton, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Eleventh day of December, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty.
W. E. (L.s.) NEWTON.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Eleventh day of December,
in the year of our Lord 1850, the aforesaid William Edward Newton came
before our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the
Specification aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified,
in form above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped
according to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Eleventh day of December, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty..