Improvements in Telephonic Apparatus.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 14th Jan., 1896-Accepted, 15th Feb., 1896
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Telephonic Apparatus.
I, CARL JOSEPH SCHWARZE, of 45 Church Street, Adrian, Michigan, United
States of America, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to magnetic telephonic apparatus in which transmitting,
receiving and signalling instrumentalities are provided and the object of my
invention is to simplify the construction by organically combining the different
instrumentalities in the manner hereinafter shown and described.
In the drawings,
Fig. 1 is a vertical, central section through my apparatus.
Fig. 2 is a horizontal section thereof.
Fig. 3 is a detached elevation of the permanent magnet and of the parts attached
thereto.
Fig. 4 is a diagram of the apparatus as in use.
Fig. 5 is a diagram of a modified construction of my apparatus.
A A' are two permanent magnets of the general form of horse shoe magnets
and each provided with like pole pieces B B' which form between them a
cylindrical space for the armature N to revolve in, the magnets being secured
together by the non-magnetic heads C C' which form suitable bearings for the
armature shaft O.
The like poles of the magnets are placed directly opposite each other and
are magnetically united by iron rings F secured to the magnets A A' by the
lugs F screwed or bolted to the legs of the magnets. G G are iron diaphragms
secured upon said rings, free to vibrate, by the non-magnetic plates H H'.
The plates H H' are centrally apertured, the former being provided with a mouth
piece J and the latter with a flexible tube L terminating at its free end in a funnel
shaped ear piece M.
PP are the oppositely extending poles of a soft iron core provided with a suitable
helix and adapted to form in conjunction with the permanent magnet the revolving
armature of a magneto electric generator.
One terminal of this helix is electrically connected through the insulated pin Q
and metal spring Q, which bears against it, with the ground or return wire, and the
other through the metallic frame with the line b.
The armature is provided with a drive connection preferably comprising the crank
shaft S, journaled in a bearing S¹ formed in one of the magnets, the grooved disk or
pulley S upon said crank shaft and the belt S³ connecting it with the grooved
pulley S upon the armature shaft.
T is a disk at the end of the armature shaft, U a lever fulcrumed at U1 and T2 a "
connecting bar pivotally secured to the disk by a wrist pin T¹ and provided at its "
lower end with a slot T3 engaging with a pin U2. The lever U is upheld by a
spring U which automatically turns the armature into the position shown in the
drawings if left in any other position.
V is the enclosing box or casing suitably apertured for the passage of the mouth
piece J, tube L, crank shaft O and lever U.
W and W are two insulated contact springs and X is an insulating block upon
the lever U, adapted to press the contact springs together in the normal position of
said lever.

page_text: Y is a hook for the ear piece M and Q is a metallic stop or pin which i
connection with the hook Y forms an electric break, as described hereinafter.
The parts being thus constructed and arranged the instruments are connected into
circuit, as shown in Fig. 4 of the drawings, in which a a' represent in diagram two
instruments connected by the line wire b, c being the ground or return wire and e
and e¹ the usual call bells.
dd are shunt circuits around the instruments a a', each containing two normally
closed breaks fg and fig' the breaks ff' being forined by the contacts W W' and
the breaks g g by the hook upon which the receiver is hung.
To use the instrument, the operator, as for instance at a presses upon the
lever U, thereby opening the break f and moving the pin U2 to the opposite end
of the slot T3, which allows him to revolve the armature. The poles of the
armature in revolving pass in proximity to the pole pieces BB and generate an
electric current in the helix, which passes over the line wire b and the shunt d¹
to the ground or return wire c and thus rings the bell el. The operator then
releases the lever U which is returned by the spring U into its norinal position,
thereby closing the break and at the same time turuing the armature to bring it
into inductive position to the diaphragms and holding it there. The operator now
takes down the ear piece which opens the break g while the person called at the
other end of the line in taking down his ear piece also opens the break gl thus both
shunts d and d' are cut out and the circuit is established through the coils of the
armatures at the two instruments, and as the diaphragms virtually constitute the
poles of a permanent magnet, while the core of the armature is an induced magnet
through which the magnetic lines pass, it is obvious that by the vibratory move-
ments of the transmitting diaphragm in talking, telephonic currents are generated
in the coils of the adjacent armature which produce corresponding vibrations of the
receiving diaphragm of the distant instrument and thereby establish telephonic
communication. It will be observed that the two permanent magnets A A¹ form
but parts of one magnet, as the like poles are connected by the iron rings F, and
it is obvious that the whole may be cast in one piece if desired and the diaphragms
although magnetically connected are accoustically independent of each other, and
no sound interference can arise.
The scope of my invention also includes the modification shown in Fig. 5 in
which the permanent magnet is provided with but one diaphragm, that is the
transmitting diaphragm G secured upon the iron ring F, which forms an opening
in one of the poles of the magnet as heretofore described, while the receiving
diaphragm is contained in a separate receiver G' which may be of any known
construction.
In this modified construction I combine the call bell with the other pole of the
magnet by securing a soft iron armature to a spring arm in such manner that
the armature projects through an opening j in the pole into proximity to the
armature, all in such manner that the alternating current generated by revolving
the armature at the other end of the line magnetises and demagnetises the armature
at this end and vibrates the armature h, thereby causing a hammer K to strike
upon the bell 7.
My invention it will be seen virtually does away with the usual magneto
generator as a separate and independent adjunct of the telephone or what is the
same thing it has the double function of a telephone and signalling apparatus, and
as a consequence the construction is thereby greatly simplified.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. A combined magneto telephone and generator composed of a diaphragm or
permanent magnet with which the diaphragm is magnetically combined and an iron
core and helix in inductive relation to the diaphragm and to the poles of the
magnet and adapted of being revolved in the magnetic field thereof.

page_text: 2. A combined magneto telephone and generator, comprising a permanent
magnet transmitting and receiving diaphragms magnetically combined therewith-
one or both-and an iron core and helix in inductive relation to said diaphragm or
diaphragms, and to the poles of the magnet and adapted of being revolved in the
magnetic field thereof.
3. The combination with a magneto-electric generator for signalling, of a
diaphragm forming a vibratory element of one of the poles thereof and con-
stituting in conjunction with the armature of the generator, a transmitter.
4. The combination of a permanent magnet, an armature adapted to be revolved
between the poles of said magnet and comprising an iron core provided with a
helix, a line circuit into which said helix is permanently included, a diaphragm
forming a vibratory element of one of the poles of the magnet and means for
automatically holding the armature in inductive relation with said diaphragm.
5. In a telephone, the combination with a magneto-electric generator for
signalling, of two vibratory diaphragms, forming respectively parts of the opposite
poles of the generator magnet, and in conjunction with the armature of said
generator constituting a transmitter and receiver.
6. In a telephone, the combination with a magneto-electric generator for
signalling, and a vibratory diaphragm adapted in conjunction with said generator,.
to form a magneto-telephone, of means for automatically holding the revolving
armature of the generator normally in inductive relation with the diaphragm.
7. In a telephone, the combination with a magneto-electric generator for
signalling and a vibratory diaphragm adapted in conjunction with said generator
to form a magneto-telephone, of a spring actuated lever pressing eccentrically
upon the armature of said generator to hold the same in inductive relation to the
diaphragm.
8. In a telephonic apparatus, the combination with a magneto-electric generator
for signalling, a vibratory diaphragm adapted in conjunction with said generator
to form a magneto-telephone, an electric circuit in which the armature coils are
permanently included and provided with a normally closed shunt circuit around
the coils, a spring actuated lever adapted to normally hold the armature in
inductive relation with the diaphragm and a break in the shunt circuit controlled
by said lever.
Dated October 31st 1895
CARL JOSEPH SCHWARZE.
Haseltine, Lake & Co.,
45 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.