Improvements relating to the Manufacture of Effervescent or Aerated Liquids and to Apparatus therefor.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 18th Oct., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 27th June, 1889-Accepted, 27th July, 1889
PROVISIONAL
SPECIFICATION.
Improvements relating to the Manufacture of Effervescent or
Aerated Liquids and to Apparatus therefor.
I, FRIEDRICH ADOLF REIHLEN, of 15 Neckarstrasse, Stuttgart, in the Empire of
Germany, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to a method of preparing and treating effervescent or aerated
beverages, and to apparatus therefor.
Considerable difficulty has heretofore been experienced in making vessels of large
capacity which will resist the pressure, and the vegetable acids, of effervescent or
aerated beverages, such as lemonado and sparkling wine. In order to obviate this
difficulty I combine, according to one part of my invention, metallic vessels which will
bear the pressure, with wooden vessels which will resist the action of the acids.
The improved vessels are so constructed that they are suitable for preserving and
transporting effervescent or aerated beverages, and also for preparing such beverages
in them. They are specially combined and mounted in order to enable the beverages
to be prepared and drawn off under pressure. The method employed and the arrange-
ment of the vessels devised for this purpose, constitute another part of the said
invention.
The improved vessels have double walls, the interior wall being made of wood, and
the exterior of metal. The inner space is filled with the liquid, and the outer space
between the inner and outer wall, with carbonic acid which is always kept under the
same pressure as the liquid.
As the beverage only comes in contact with the wood, no metallic flavour can be
imparted to it, and the wooden vessel will not leak because it is subjected on either
side to an equal pressure.
In order to maintain these pressures in equilibrium in the filling and emptying of
such vessels, special arrangements are used.
The apparatus comprises a series of vessels which are placed side by side and set in
connection with collecting pipes by means of pipes; a collecting receptacle which
extends over the said series of vessels; and two other vessels the object of which will
hereinafter be described.
In a series of vessels the impregnation of the raw liquid with carbonic acid gas is
effected by fermentation or by introducing the carbonic acid through the medium of a
pump. It is immaterial whether the carbonic acid gas is generated in these vessels by
fermentation or whether it is introduced from the outside at any point of the apparatus.
The whole apparatus, which is invariably adapted for both methods of impregnating
the liquid with carbonic acid gas, consequently does not undergo any further modifica-
tion than that, in the case of fermentation, the series of vessels must be provided with
manholes for introducing the ferment and that, in case carbonic acid is introduced
from the outside, some where on the pipes communicating with the interior of the
series of vessels an admission pipe in which a cock is included must be provided for
the carbonic acid.
In this manner the operation can be carried out according to one or the other
method; it will often be advantageous to use the two methods combined with each
other.
The impregnation of the liquid with carbonic acid gas during the fermentation
will mainly be effected while the liquid is in the series of vessels, whereas the carbonic
acid introduced from the outside comes in contact with the liquid principally in the
aforesaid collecting receptacle. An admission pipe for the carbonic acid can also be
arranged to terminate directly in the interior of the series of vessels, if the contact in

page_text: the collecting receptacle alone appears to be insufficient. The prepared liquid is
-pumped from the series of vessels through pipes which terminate in a transverse pipe,
and through a pipe to the said collecting receptacle whence it can flow into a vessel
designed for transport. This vessel, when included in the apparatus, usually contains
raw liquid which is conveyed to a second vessel arranged below before the introduction
of the prepared beverage.
All the vessels, provided with double walls; are so constructed that their outer space
between the wooden vessel and the metallic casing can be set in communication with
the pipe for conveying the carbonic acid, whilst the inner space in the wooden vessel
can be optionally filled with carbonic acid and liquid. For this purpose connecting
pipes are arranged in all the vessels, these pipes being -secured to the inner and outer
wall of the vessels by means of bolts and nuts and india-rubber rings. The carbonic
acid obtains access through cocks to the outer spaces of the vessels in order that a
sufficient quantity of carbonic acid shall always be at disposal for the filling; even
when the fermentation is not very energetic, carbonic acid can generally be introduced
from the outside through a cock to aid the carbonic acid in the fermentation.
Suppose one of the series of vessels having double walls is empty and its cocks are
closed, Reihlen's ferment is now introduced into this vessel through the manhole if
this ferment is to be used for generating carbonic acid gas, and the manhole is then
closed again. The cock by which the interior of the cask can be set in communication
with the atmospheric air is opened and raw liquid is then pumped in through the
admission cock until it appears in the said cock which is then closed. When liquid
is pumped into one vessel of the series, none of the other vessels of the series
communicates with the pump.
By slowly opening regulating cocks in auxiliary pipes, the inner space of the vessel
is set in communication with the liquid in the collecting vessel, and the outer space
with the carbonic acid in the said collecting receptacle. By the aforesaid cocks the
gradually increasing pressure can always be kept equal in the two spaces with the aid
of gauges until the pressure in the collecting receptacle has reached for example
eight atmospheres. An entirely free communication is then established by opening
cocks, provided in the pipes.which extend from the inner and outer spaces of the said
vessel of the said series to the collecting receptacle.
The impregnation of the liquid in a vessel of the said series with carbonic acid is
then commenced by fermentation or by mixing with the liquid in the collecting
receptacle, which liquid contains carbonic acid, and which continually takes пр fresli
carbonic acid at its surface. In the former case a safety valve must be used in case
carbonic acid gas should be generated too abundantly. When the liquid in the vessel
has been saturated with carbonic acid, which is ascertained by testing, the vessel is
again included in the series of vessels which are all in communication by a common
pipc.
The casks or vessels which are to be filled with the aerated beverage must be
provided with three connecting pipes and a cock. Two of these pipes are in connection
with the inner space of the vessel and the third pipe and cock with the outer space of
the vessel. By means of the three connecting pipes provided with cocks, the vessel
can: be included in the apparatus in such a manner that its outer space in the casing
can be set in connection with the pipe for conducting the carbonic acid, and the inner
space with carbonic acid and liquid.
The cask.or vessel for the aerated beverage is usually filled with raw liquid when it
is fixed in this place, and another vessel arranged below the same with carbonic acid
at a pressure of say eight atmospheres. By means of regulating cocks and gauges in
auxiliary pipes the uniform production of the high pressure in the cask or vessel for
the effervescent or aerated beverage is effected in a similar manner as above described
with reference to one of the series of vessels, only in this case the inner space in the
case or vessel for the aerated liquid as well as the outer space in the same are. con-
nected with the pipe for the carbonic acid so that the pressure therein will become the
same; whilst the pressure in the inner space of the series of vessels will become the
same as: that which exists in the apparatus by the admission of liquid from the pipe

page_text: connected with the collecting vessel and the pressure in the outer space by admitting
carbonic acid from the pipe communicating therewith.
If the pressure has reached its maximum, the raw liquid is caused to flow down
from the said cask or vessel to be filled with effervescent or aerated beverage to the
vessel below, and the carbonic acid will rise from the latter vessel through the pipe to
the said upper cask or vessel.
After the exchange of the contents of the upper and lower casks or vessels, the
cocks that have been open for this purpose are closed whilst in order to fill the upper
cask or vessel with the prepared beverage, other cocks must be opened.
The pump is now set in action to remove the raw liquid from the lower of the abovo
mentioned two casks or vessels to the series of vessels from which therefore the same
quantity as is introduced must rise to the collecting receptacle. From this receptacle
the liquid passes through an overflow pipe into the upper of the said two casks or
vessels, the carbonic acid escaping from the same through a cock, a pipe and another
cock into the lower cask or vessel. When this contains the same quantity as the upper
cask or vessel it will, when the filling of the latter is terminated, be entirely filled with
carbonic acid; a fresh cask or vessel can now be included in the apparatus after the
full one has been removed.
In case it is preferable to make the upper cask or vessel which is designed for
transport with a single wall of any material, some of the pipes and gauges dispensed
with.
Several casks or vessels for the prepared liquid can be connected by a single pipe
for carbonic acid; in many instances, and invariably when only one cask or vessel is
employed the connection of an air cock with a short pipe by means of a connecting
pipe is sufficient for the purpose. In other cases short pipes communicating with the
inner and outer spaces of the vessel are set in connection with a common pipe in which
a gauge indicates the pressure as it becomes lower in both spaces when liquid is
drawn off.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements relating to the Manufacture of Effervescent or
Aërated Liquids and to Apparatus therefor.
1, FRIEDRICH ADOLF REIHLEN, of 15, Neckarstrasse, Stuttgart, in the Empire of
Germany Merchant do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and 'ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
This invention relates to a method of preparing and treating effervescent or aërated
beverages and to apparatus therefor. Considerable difficulty has heretofore, been
experienced in inaking vessels of large capacity which will resist the pressure and the
vegetable acids of effervescent or aërated beverages, such as lemonade and sparkling
wine.
In order to obviate this difficulty I combine according to one part of my invention,
metallic vessels which will bear the pressure with wooden vessels which will resist the
action of the acids.
42191
The improved vessels are so constructed that they are suitable for preserving and
transporting effervescent or aerated beverages, and also for having such beverages
prepared therein. They are specially combined and mounted in order to enable the
beverages to be prepared and drawn off under pressure. The method employed and
the arrangement of the vessels devised for this purpose, constitute another part of the
said invention.
The improved vessels have double walls, the interior wall being made of wood, and
the exterior of metal. The inner space is filled with the liquid and the outer space

page_text: between the inner and outer wall with carbonic acid which is always kept under the
same pressure as the liquid.
As the beverage only comes in contact with the wood, no metallic flavour can be
imparted to it, and the wooden vessel will not leak because it is subjected on either
side to an equal pressure.
The maintenance of this equality of pressure in the filling and emptying of such
vessels necessitates the use of special arrangements which are described with reference
to the accompanying drawing the figures of which are hereinafter referred to.
Figure 1 is a section through an apparatus for preparing effervescent beverages,
the vessel A being one of a series which are placed side by side and set in connection
with collecting pipes c. c through the pipes a and b. The collecting receptacle C
extends over the said series of vessels. There is as a rule only one vessel F and one
vessel D.
In a series of vessels A³ the impregnation of the raw liquid with carbonic acid gas
is effected by fermentation or by introducing the carbonic acid through the medium
of a pump.
It is immaterial whether the carbonic acid gas is generated in these
vessels by fermentation or whether it is introduced from the outside at any point of
the apparatus. The whole apparatus, which is invariably adapted for both methods of
impregnating the liquid with carbonic acid gas, consequently does not undergo any
further modification than that, in the case of fermentation, the series of vessels A³
must be provided with manholes Oo for introducing the ferment and that in case
carbonic acid is introduced from the outside, somewhere on the pipes communicating
with the interior of the series of vessels A³ an admission pipe in which a cock K is
included must be provided for the carbonic acid.
In this manner the operation can be carried out according to one or the other
method; it will often be advantageous to use the two methods combined with each
other.
According to the plan represented in the drawing the impregnation of the liquid
with carbonic acid gas during the fermentation will mainly be effected while the
liquid is in the series of vessels A³ whereas the carbonic acid introduced from the out-
side comes in contact with the liquid principally in the aforesaid collecting receptacle C.
An admission pipe for the carbonic acid can also be arranged to terminate directly in
the interior of the series of vessels A³, if the contact in the collecting receptacle C
alone appears to be insufficient.
The prepared liquid is pumped from the series of vessels A³ through pipes a which
terminate in a transverse pipe c, and through a pipe to the said collecting
receptacle whence it can flow into a vessel F designed for transport. This vessel F
when included in the apparatus usually contains raw liquid which is conveyed to a
second vessel D arranged below before the introduction of the prepared beverage.
All the vessels provided with double walls are so constructed that their outer space'
between the wooden vessel and the metallic casing can be set in communication with
the pipe for conveying the carbonic acid, whilst the inner space in the wooden vessel
can be optionally filled with carbonic acid and liquid. For this purpose connecting
pipes d' d' are arranged in all the vessels, these pipes being secured to the inner and
outer wall of the vessels by means of nuts and indiarubber rings. The carbonic acid
obtains access through cocks h³ kh, kh to the outer spaces of the vessels.
In order that a sufficient quantity of carbonic acid shall always be at disposal for
the filling, even when the fermentation is not very energetic, carbonic acid can
generally be introduced from the outside through a cock K to aid the carbonic acid
in the fernientation.
The operation is as follows commencing with the series of vessels A. Suppose one
of the series of vessels having double walls for example A³ is empty and its cocks are
closed.
Reihlen's ferment is now introduced into this vessel through the manhole Oo
if this ferment is to be used for generating carbonic acid gas and the manhole
is then closed again. The cock L by which the interior of the cask can be set in
communication with the atmospheric air is opened and raw liquid is then pumped

page_text: in through the admission cock until it appears in the said cock L which is then
closed. When liquid is pumped into one vessel of the series A³, none of the other
vessels of the series communicates with the pump P.
By slowly opening the regulating cocks Rh¹ Rh in the auxiliary pipes, a¹³ the
inner space of the vessel is set in communication with the liquid in the collecting
vessel, and the outer space with the carbonic acid in the said collecting receptacle C.
By the aforesaid cocks the gradually increasing pressure can always be kept equal in
the two spaces with the aid of gauges M M until the pressure in the collecting
receptacle has reached for example eight atmospheres.
An entirely free communication is then established by opening cocks H¹ Hu
provided in the pipes which extend from the inner and outer spaces of the said vessel
of the said series to the collecting receptacle. The impregnation of the liquid in a
vessel A3 of the said series with carbonic acid is then commenced by fermentation. or
by mixing with the liquid in the collecting receptacle.C.which liquid contains carbonic
acid, and which continually takes up fresh carbonic acid at its surface. In the former
case a safety valve not represented in the drawing, must be used in case carbonic acid
gas should be generated too abundantly. When the liquid in the vessel has been
saturated with carbonic acid, which is ascertained by testing, the vessel A³, by opening
the cock 1, is again included in the series of vessels which are all in communication
by a cominon pipe S.
The casks or vessels F which.a
1. are to be filled with the aërated beverage must be
provided with three connecting pipes and a cock L³. Two of these pipes are
in connection with the inner space of the vessel and the third pipe and cock with the
outer space sch of the vessel. By means of the three connecting pipes provided
with cocks h³ ³ the vessel can be included in the apparatus in such a manner that,
its outer space in the casing can be set in connection with the pipe for conducting the
carbonic acid and the inner space with carbonic acid and liquid.
The cask or vessel F for the aerated beverage is usually filled with raw liquid when
it is fixed in this place; and another vessel D arranged below the same with carbonic
acid at a pressure of say eight atmospheres.
By means of regulating cocks R R and gauges M³ M in the auxiliary
pipes e¹¹ the uniform production of the high pressure in the cask or vessel F for the
effervescent or aerated beverage is effected in a similar manner as above described
with reference to one of the series of vessels A³.
Only in this case the inner space in the cask or vessel F for the aerated liquid as
well as the outer space in the same are connected with the pipe for the carbonic acid,
so that the pressure therein will become the same; the former being effected by
slowly opening the cocks R 3, the latter by slowly opening the cocks R h³
and, whilst the pressure in the inner space of the series of vessels will become the
same as that which exists in the apparatus by the admission of liquid from the pipe
connected with the collecting vessel and the pressure in the outer space by admitting
carbonic acid from the pipe b. communicating therewith.
If the pressure has reached its maximum, the raw liquid is caused to flow down
from the said cask or vessel to be filled with effervescent or aerated beverage to the
vessel D below, and the carbonic acid will rise from the latter vessel through the
pipe e to the said upper cask or vessel F.
After the exchange of the contents of the two vessels, the cocks ³ ³ are closed
whilst the cocks h h h H h h in the filling now taking place of the vessel F with
the prepared beverage must be opened.
The pump P is now set in action to remove the raw liquid from D to the series of
vessels A, from which therefore the same quantity as is introduced must rise to the
collecting receptacle C. From this receptacle the liquid passes through an overflow
pipe finto the vessels F, the carbonic acid escaping from the same through a cock h*
a pipe k, and another cock h into the lower cask or vessel D. When this contains
the same quantity as the upper cask or vessel F it will, when the filling of the latter
is terminated, be entirely filled with carbonic acid. A fresh cask or vessel F can now

page_text: be included in the apparatus after the full one has been removed. The cocks h¹ h² h³
being closed on the one hand and R on the other hand.
In case it is preferable to make the upper cask or vessel F which is designed for
transport with a single wall of any material, some of the pipes e¹k k¹ and the
gauges M3 M are dispensed with.
Figure 2 shows the connection of several casks or vessels F by a single pipe k for
carbonic acid. In many instances, and invariably when only one cask or vessel is
employed the connection of an air cock L³ with a short pipe d¹ (Figure 3) by means
of a connecting pipe V is sufficient for the purpose. In large stores the arrangement
shown in Figure 2 is suitable in which the short pipes d d communicating with
the inner and outer spaces of the vessel are set in connection with a common pipe k in
which a gauge indicates the pressure as it becomes lower in both spaces when liquid is
drawn off.
During the transport the cock L must of course be closed in order to prevent the
overflow of the liquid.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
First-In the preparation and treatment of effervescent beverages the employment
of double walled vessels, the outer wall of which is made of metal and the inner wall
of wood, and which are so arranged that their interior space can be filled with carbonic
acid and with liquid and the space in the casing with carbonic acid.
Second-The arrangement of the vessels characterized in the first claiming clause,
consisting first in the arrangement of a series of developing vessels A which are so
connected with a collecting receptacle C containing the prepared beverage and carbonic
acid that the pressure in the interior spaces and in the spaces in the casings of the
developing vessels can be slowly and uniformly increased; secondly in the arrange-
ment of a vessel F (eventually having a single wall) designed for transport, which
vessel is connected in a similar manner with a fourth vessel D; thirdly in the com-
bination of the vessel F with the receptacle C in such a manner that the liquid can
flow over from the latter to the former, and in the combination to the vessel D with
the developing vessels so that each of these can be pumped full from the vessel D.
Dated this 27th day of June 1889.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London, Agents for the Applicant.