IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CANDLES, CANDLE LAMPS, AND IN PACKING CANDLES AND NIGHT LIGHTS.
Year: 1852

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
PALMER, of Clerkenwell, in the County of Middlesex, Manufacturer, send
grecting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Nineteenth day of
August, One thousand eight hundred and fifty-two, in the sixteenth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said William Palmer, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege
and authority, that I, the said William Palmer, my exors, adiñors, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said William Palmer, my exors, adññors, or assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of
Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF CANDLES, CANDLE LAMPS, AND IN PACKING CANDLES AND NIGHT LIGHTS.;" in.
which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that I, the said William
Palmer shall cause a particular description of the nature of my said.
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by an instru-
ment in writing under my hand and seal, to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's
High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the.
same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.

page_text: ANUW
1, that i comptance with the said proviso, 1, the said
William Palmer, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention,
and the manner of performing the same, are fully described and ascertained
in and by the following description thereof, reference being had to the Draw-
ings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and letters marked thereon, that is
to say :-
My Invention consists,―
First, of a mode of applying certain salts to candle wicks to promote
combustion.
Second, my Invention consists of fixing the nozel of a candle lamp on
uprights or standards, and applying the spring on the outside of such uprights
or standards.
And,
Thirdly, my Invention consists of improvements in the materials used for
covering candles, night lights, and mortars, and in the materials for boxes to
enclose them.
And in order that my Invention may be most fully understood and readily
carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the means pursued by me.
It is well known that the use of borax and other salts improve the com-
bustion of candle wicks, solutions of such salts having been heretofore employed
to impregnate candle wicks.
Now the first part of my Invention has for its object the use of such salts,
preferring borax prepared in the form of paste, or in such other preparation
that it may be laid on one side only of a wick, in order that such means to
cause the wick so treated (when not otherwise inclined to do so) to turn out
of the flame when burning in a candle, and, when applied to a candle wick
which has otherwise a tendency to turn out of the flame when burning, then
as a means of modifying such tendency. I would remark in respect to this
part of my Invention, that paste and adhesive matters have before been applied
to candle wicks for giving and controlling a tendency to turn out of the flame;
but such matters have not had the property of improving combustion of the
wicks, except when bismuth has been used, which is expensivo; and it is with
a view to improve the combustion of the wick at less cost, and combining
therewith the property of giving or controlling a tendency of wicks to turn out
of the flames when burning, by applying such salts, which constitutes the
peculiar character of this part of my Invention; and for this purpose I prefer
to employ by weight four and a half parts of borax in powder, four and a half
parts of bismuth in powder, four parts of flour, and eight parts of charcoal,
which I mix with water and boil in the manner of making paste; and I use
such paste for the purpose of being laid on in the form of a stripe on one side

page_text: before been applied to wicks, and as is now well understood. The salts
employed in this manner are alkaline salts, and I believe that bicarbonate of
soda is the next best to borax.
I will now describe the second part of my Invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 shows a side elevation; Figure 2, a section; and Figure 3, a plan
of a candle lamp, constructed according to this part of my Invention. Figure 4
shews a vertical section of another form of candle lamp, which fits into and is
contained within a pillar and enclosed from view. Figures 5, 6, and 7 show
three views of the nozel, the uprights and the spring separated from the pillar.
In each of these Figures the same letters are used to indicate similar parts.
a is the nozel, which is carried by two uprights b, b, &c.; in each arrangement
is the spring, which is outside of the uprights. d is the candle which rests on
the sliding receiver e, which slides between the uprights b, b, connected to its
base f, which is guided in rising by the uprights b, b, when pressed upwards by
the spring g, as shown. By these arrangements the several parts are more
readily cleansed. I would remark that I do not confine myself to the precise.
forms of the parts, as the same may be varied without departing from my
Invention, so long as the mode herein described of combining the parts be
retained.
I will now proceed to describe the third part of my Invention, which has
for its object the obtaining a distinguishing character to candles packed by me,
and to night lights and mortars, and the boxes in which they may be packed.
Heretofore in packing candles, and in making boxes or cases to contain and
pack night lights and mortars, the materials have been smooth, whether paper
or other material be employed. If I wish to enclose a quantity of candles in
paper in place of using smooth paper (whether printed or otherwise), I cause
it to be embossed or crimped with parallel lines by using a crimping or
embossing or other machinery, and in like manner when using pasteboard or
other suitable material for making the coverings or cases and packing boxes
for night lights and mortars I cause the pasteboard or material used to be
first crimped or embossed with parallel lines, by which means the public will
at once know the candles sold as of my manufacture are really so or not; or I
can make those boxes and coverings with plain material, and cover them
wholly or in part with pressed or stamped material by means of paste or other
adhesive matter. I would remark, that although I prefer that the crimped or
embossed lines should be parallel, it is not essential that they should be so.

page_text: Enrolled the Nineteenth day of February, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-three.