Process for Purifying Caucasian Petroleum.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd June, 1898—Accepted, 10th Sept., 1898
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Process for Purifying Caucasian Petroleum.
We, LOUIS VON JAROTCHIN JAROCKI, and TEODOR KICZOROWSKI, both of
16, Krolewska, Warsaw, Russian Poland, Merchants, do hereby declare the nature
of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
•
The Caucasian petroleum is ordinarily put on the market after it has been freed
from the coarsest impurities by a treatment with concentrated sulphuric acid and
water.
But in this condition it is not very suitable for the purposes of lighting, cook-
ing and heating and for driving petroleum motors because in burning it smokes
and gives off a disagreeable smell which is injurious to health. It has also a
dark colour owing to the impurities contained in it.
This invention consists in a process for purifying this raw petroleum after it
has been treated with sulphuric acid and water as stated, and by our process it
is rendered clear as water and inodorous, and burns without smoke, as with the
best American petroleum brands, so that it does not dirty the lighting cooking and
heating apparatus and motors.
This process consists in treating the petroleum while stirring it, with a special
lye containing caustic soda and soda and then washing it out with clean water.
Petroleum thus again purified and which it is desired for convenience sake to
call naftol ignites at 550 C., has a density of 82° Bé. and a specific gravity of
*8253.
For carrying out the process a stationary vessel is used, tinned inside, provided
with a vertical shaft with stirring blades. The bottom of the vessel tapers down-
ward and has an outlet pipe. Just above the bottom there is a second outlet pipe.
A cistern for containing the lye and afterwards the washing water is placed above
the stirring vessel.
The mode of operating is as follows:-
use 3
The purifying vessel is filled about 3 full with the petroleum to be purified, the
outlet cocks having been shut first. The stirrer is then rotated by some suitable
driving gear while the lye is allowed to flow gently into the petroleum through a
hole in the cover of the vessel. The lye consists of one or 2 parts caustic soda
10 or 20 parts soda, and 100 parts water. For 100 parts petroleum we
parts of the lye. The weaker quality of lye (1 part of caustic soda and 10 parts of
soda) is used when the purified petroleum is to be naftol No. 1, suitable for light-
ing and heating but the stronger quality of lye (2 parts of caustic soda and 20
parts of soda is used when the purified petroleum is to be naftol No. 2, suitable
especially for industrial purposes as substitute for turpentine as soon as the lye
has run out of the cistern over the purifying vessel it is charged with clean water
in such quantity that 6 parts of water are available for 100 parts of petroleum.
This water is then let flow into the purifying vessel while continually rotating
the stirrer.
The washing being ended the emulsion remaining formed of the petroleum, the

page_text: lye and the purifying water is left quietly standing for 6 to 10 hours so that the
lye and the water collect at the bottom. The lye and the water are then let out
by the lower outlet pipe carrying the impurities with them; the so purified
petroleum is run off by the upper lateral outlet pipe.
The liquid formed of the lye, the purifying water and the impurities and which
still contains a certain amount of petroleum is poured into a vessel wherein the
pure petroleum will collect on the surface after standing about 12 hours; the
remnant containing the impurities may be applied to the manufacture of lubricat-
ing material.
Many chemists recommend the treatment of raw naptha with soda lye and then
purifying with sulphuric acid; but the present invention is distinguished there-
from by the removal of the impurities and heavy oils decomposed by by the sulphuric
acid by means of a special lye and water and thus making Caucasian petroleum
into the form naftol equal to the best qualities of American petroleum. The
impurities removed by this process amount to about 1 per cent of the Caucasian
petroleum.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is;-
-
A process for obtaining a liquid from Caucasian petroleum treated with sulphuric
acid and water consisting in combining the said impure petroleum while stirring
with a special lye containing caustic soda and soda and then washing with clean
water whereupon the emulsion formed is left standing until the again purified
petroleum has separated from the lye and the water.
Dated this Twenty-second day of June 1898
JENSEN & SON,
77, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Patent Agents.