IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR EXHAUSTING OR IMPELLING LIQUID OR GASEOUS BODIES
Year: 1879

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Edward Newton, of the Office for Patents, 66,
Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR EXHAUSTING OR IMPELLING LIQUID OR
GASEOUS BODIES." A communication froin abroad by Emmanuel Denis
Farcot, of Paris, in the Republic of France.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Edward Newton at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th July 1879.
HENRY EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
EXHAUSTING OR IMPELLING LIQUID OR GASEOUS BODIES." [A communication from
abroad by Emmanuel Denis Farcot, of Paris, in the Republic of France.]
This Invention relates to improvements in the apparatus described in the Specifi-
cation of a Patent granted to William Edward Newton on the 4th day of June,
1878, No. 2233.
As in that Specification it is proposed to explain the present improvements as
applied to fans or blowers.
The fan or blower, which is constructed generally on the principles described in
the Patent before referred to, is enclosed in a circular envelope of a larger diameter
than that of the fan or blower, so that in the space thus left an air cushion is formed
which prevents shaking and noise.
For exhausting fans the envelope or case may be dispensed with,, and curved
passages formed with a double curve, and with a contraction at their outer end so
as to assist as much as possible the action of the centrifugal force.
space
These passages are used instead of the usual blades to supply the air to the
between the extremity of the blades and the circumference of the envelope, and
this space will contain a volume of air corresponding to that, which all the passages
will drive at a single revolution.
The air passes out, by preference, laterally through a spiral exit passage, but
should this passage be placed at the axis of the blades as in ordinary fans the cheeks
of the movable passages are prolonged slightly, so that they will cause an air
cushion to form, as before explained. By this slight modification the cases of old
fans of the ordinary construction may be used.

page_text: The inlet and exit openings can also be made of a larger section than usual, as
all the work is concentrated at the extremities of the curved passages; thus much of
the boss in working occasioned by narrow openings is avoided.
For blowing fans blades are used, and they are so placed as to form at the inlet
an angle to the radius of the fans to facilitate the entrance of the air, and are then
curved to the front to assist the action of the centrifugal force.
Between the main blades are placed, near the circumference of the fan, two or
more short intermediate blades, the effect of these being to guide the air to that
part where its speed is greatest, and thus to avoid shaking or loss of work. These
intermediate blades are not simply radial, but are curved similar to the main
blades.
In adapting these fans to mines and similar purposes, the size of the fan being
great, it is necessary that its mode of construction should combine lightness with
strength.
In this case the envelope or case is dispensed with, and the curved passages are
made of thin sheet steel, and the joints between the passages or the inlet and the
chamber in the masonry in which the fan is placed are obtained by means of annular
grooves which interlock.
It will be understood that the apparatus constructed on the principle above
described is equally applicable to the raising of water or other liquids; but for this
purpose it will be necessary to increase slightly the dimension of some of the parts
to obtain greater resistance in proportion to the amount of work to be done.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Henry Edward Newton in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
29th January 1880.
HENRY EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the
County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
EXHAUSTING OR IMPELLING LIQUID OR GASEOUS BODIES." A communication from
abroad by Emmanuel Denis Farcot, of Paris, in the Republic of France.
This Invention relates to improvements in the apparatus described in the Specifi-
cation of a Patent granted to William Edward Newton on the Fourth day of June,
One thousand eight hundred and seventy eight, No. 2233, the chief objects being to
remove all tendency to shocks in the working of the apparatus, and to increase its
efficiency.
In the accompanying Drawing the Invention is shewn as applied to simple and
compound fans, whether for exhausting or blowing purposes, and also to a centrifugal
pump. These fans or blowers and centrifugal pumps are constructed generally on
the principles described in the Patent above referred to (that is to say) they consist
either of double curved passages or channels contracted at their outer ends so as to
•

page_text: assist as much as possible the action of the centrifugal force, or of double or single
curved blades with intermediate wings contracted breadthwise at their extremities
for the same purpose.
Figures 1 and 2 are respectively a cross section and a longitudinal section of a
double exhausting fan of the double curved passage or channel type. The fans are
enclosed in a double cylindrical case a, and are mounted on an axle concentric with
the case.
The case a is made of such internal diameter relatively to that of the fan or
blower as to provide a space c between the periphery of the fan or blower and the
inner periphery of the case so as to allow of the formation of an annular cushion of
air that will effectually prevent shocks and noise in the working of the fan.
b are the curved passages of the fans, contracted at their outer extremities, as
before explained. As the fans rotate these passages drawing in the air from the
central openings in the sides of the case will give out the air into the annular
space c, which should be of such capacity as to contain a volume of air corre-
sponding to that which all the passages drive out in one turn of the fan.
passes into annular tapering passages d, d, open to the interior of the case and
formed in the sides of the case, from whence it passes outwards by tangential
channels.
The air
The inlet openings e of the case a are also increased in section in order to avoid
loss of work, which takes place in exhausters when the air has to pass through too
narrow openings; this applies also to the exit openings of the case, and all the
work is concentrated at the extremities of the curved channels.
Figures 3 and 4 shew respectively in longitudinal section and cross-section the
improvements as applied to exhaust fans constructed of the double curved wing or
blade type.
In these Figures the fan is composed of wings f, like ordinary fans, so arranged
that the double curved channels 6 are formed by the space contained between two
wings. This space is again divided by smaller directing wings g, which assist
in diminishing shocks. As the distance between the outer extremities of the
blades fis much greater than that at the inner extremities in order to equalize the
passage of the air through the fan at the centre and at the circumference, the side
plates of the fan are no longer made parallel as at Fig. 1, but are dished so as to
contract the width of the fan at its periphery, as will be seen on reference to
Fig. 4.
The annular chamber h, in which the air delivered by the fan is collected, is
formed excentrically to the fan so as to increase its capacity towards its point of
delivery.
Figures 5 and 6 shew in longitudinal and cross section a blowing fan con-
structed with wings f, carried by a central plate or disc instead of side plates, as in
the preceding arrangements. The wings f, near the outlet, are set tangential with
the radius in order to facilitate the entry of the air; they are then bent forward
to assist the action of the centrifugal force. In this arrangement also intermediate
winge g are placed near the circumference of the blower in order to guide the air
into that place where its speed is the greatest, and consequently avoid shocks and
losses in the work. It should be remarked that these wings are not simply radial,
but shew a suitable curve and make a certain angle with the radius. In these
Figures the collecting chamber h of increasing section is shewn.
Figures 7 and 8 shew in sectional elevation and cross section an exhaust fan as
arranged for ventilating mines. For this purpose it is very necessary that the fan
should be constructed in such a manner as to combine lightness with solidity.
This fan is provided with an annular case of metal h of increasing section for the
air space, as before described, the same being set between two confining walls of
brickwork. The curved passages b of the fan are constructed of thin sheet steel,
which combines great lightness with considerable strength. The joint between the
inlet pipe and the fan is formed of interlocking rings i of gutter section.
A bell mouthed chimney; serves to gradually diminish the speed that the air

page_text: possesses on leaving the collecting chamber h. Figures 9 and 10 shew in sectional
elevation and cross section a modification of the fan for ventilating mines. In these
Figures the case is dispensed with, and the fan is surrounded with a series of fixed
bladesk set tangentially to the circumference of the fan. These blades k are carried
between a pair of rings, supported in enclosing walls of brickwork. These fixed
blades increase in width towards their outer extremities.
Fans and blowers constructed according to this system present an important
advantage, which is the direct result of the form given to their various parts; with
the same expenditure of motive power they develope a greater pressure than can
be obtained from ordinary fans or blowers, and if the number of revolutions of the
machine be increased the pressure of the air will also be increased, while in fans or
blowers of other system such an instantaneous increase of power, which may be of
great service, especially in mines, cannot be obtained.
It will be understood that the improvements above described fare equally
applicable to the forcing of water or other liquids. In this case, however, it will
be necessary to give to the different parts of the apparatus the dimensions and
strength proportionate to the work to be done.
In Figures 11 and 12 are shewn, in cross section and in side elevation, a
centrifugal pump constructed on the principles above described.
It is made with curved blades f, small directing wings g, and a circular space c,
of equal section throughout, and formed by the prolongation of the cheeks of the
side plates, and in which is formed a cushion of water having the same object in
view as the cushion of air before mentioned. The collecting chamber h is of
increasing section, as above described, and all the other parts are similar to those
which characterise the present system of fans and blowers.
In the case in which the exit passages are not lateral, but are in the axis of the
curved passages or channels b, as is the case in ordinary fans, the side plates of the
fan or blower are prolonged for à certain distance towards the exterior so as to
admit of the formation of a cushion of air, which will prevent shocks and noise, and
consequently augment the delivery of the apparatus.
By this slight modification the cases of old fans or blowers may be utilized, and
so be made to serve at little cost as improved fans or blowers.
Having now set forth the nature of the said Invention of "Improvements in
Apparatus for Exhausting or Impellimg Liquid or Gaseous Bodies," as communi-
cated to me from abroad by ny foreign correspondent, and explained the manner
of carrying the same into effect, I wish it to be understood that under the above
in part recited Letters Patent I claim,-
First. The combination with a fan or blower having double curved passages or
channels contracted at their outer ends of a cylindrical case so arranged as to
admit of a cushion of air being formed therein round the fan or blower for the
purposes set forth and as shewn in the accompanying Drawings.
Second. The combination with a fan or blower, or a pump, having double curved
blades and intermediate directing wings of a cylindrical case so arranged as to
admit of a cushion of air or liquid being formed round the fan, blower, or pump for
the purposes set forth and as shewn in the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Edward Newton, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, the Twenty ninth day of January, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty.