IMPROVEMENTS IN ANCHORS
Year: 1880

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Wright at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th November 1880.
"
JOSEPH WRIGHT, of Tipton, in the County of Stafford. IMPROVEMENTS IN
ANCHORS."
My Invention relates to anchors of the type known as Martin's anchor, and
consists of certain improvements in the construction and manufacture of such
anchors, whereby their efficiency is increased both with respect to holding power,
strength, and durability, and they are also rendered capable of being much more
economically produced.
In carrying out my Invention I make the stock of the anchor of a rectangular
flat bar, tapering on one side from a short parallel part in the centro towards each
end, and quite flat or straight on the other side, and it may fit on the shank either
side towards the bead thereof; the ends are flat and cut level off, and the top and
bottom edges are planed, slightly inclining towards the head, to enable the stock to
take the ground more freely. In order to make the stock perform proper duties
similar to the palms in exercising holding power, I make the total holding surface
approximately the same as that of the main flukes or palms, so that the two flukes
of the crown arms have the same resisting surface as the stock.
In order to insure this action I make the length of the stock rather less than the
distance between the centres of the arms, so that it shall not disturb the ground
immediately in front of the crown arms or palms.
The head of the shank may be made of any suitable form that will avoid the
fouling of the cable when the ship swings.
The back pin is made of the maximum size practicable, so as to give the greatest
power of resistance compatible with the thickness of the head of the shank, whereby
its resisting surface is increased; and the liability to the deflection of the arms
beyond the proper angle is obviated, whilst at the same time a permanent set or
indentation of the pin on the axis of the arms is avoided when brought violently
into collision on being tested to great strains.

page_text: By constructing the back pin of the maximum size practicable, as herein before
described, I am enabled to dispense with the recess at the side of the head and the
stop or clutch on the arms which worked in it, thus reducing the thickness of the
head of the shank, and the total weight, the amount of which has been found
objectionable in anchors of this kind.
The shoulders at the stock end of the shank are brought as near to the chain
shackle as practicable in order by concentrating the weight of the stock at a point
nearer the shackle pin, to increase the tendency of the back arms to take hold and
reduce the pressure on the head of the shank in anchors of this description.
The arms are constructed in the following manner :-
I make the central axis of the arms of the maximum diameter practicable,
consistent with the size of the head, in order that the recess therein, which regulates
the angle of the arms, shall be sufficiently deep and wide to give the greatest
amount of resisting surface to the back pin. This arrangement may be employed
either alone or in conjunction with the clutch or stop on the arms working in a
recess in the head.
By increasing the size of the central hole in the head I not only obtain greater
resisting power for the back pin, as before mentioned, but I am also enabled to
employ palms of greater width, power, and strength, and more simple in construction.
These palms are made either flat on all sides and tapering to the point, or flat on
two sides and rounded on the outer edges, and the extremities are finished to
what is known as a chisel point, forming a part of an octagon or hexagon, the taper
of the palms being the same on every side. The strength and holding power of the
palms is thus greatly increased, whilst at the same time the liability is obviated to
the fracture or bending of the points, which has been found so objectionable in
other anchors of this type.
The palms, arms, or shank, may be formed with holes in any part of them for the
convenience of stowing or catting the anchor.
In making anchors of a superior quality, I propose to adapt to the central axis
a bush or bearing of brass, copper, white metal, or other similar alloy, so as to
prevent corrosion by oxidation when not in use.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Joseph Wright in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 11th May
1881.
JOSEPH WRIGHT, of Tipton, in the County of Stafford.
ANCHORS."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
My said Invention relates to anchors of the type known as Martin's anchor, and
consists of certain improvements in the construction and manufacture of such
anchors, whereby their efficiency is increased with respect to holding power,
strength, and durability, and they are also rendered capable of being much more
economically prduced.
And in order that my said Invention may be fully understood, I shall now proceed
more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose shall refer to the
several Figures on the annexed Sheet of Drawings, the saine letters of referenco
indicating corresponding parts in all the Figures.
Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying Drawings represent respectively, sectional
elevations taken at right angles to each other of an anchor constructed according to
my said Invention. Figures 3 and 4 are sections of the flukes of the arms, shewing
two respective modifications in the sectional form of the same.
In carrying out my said Invention, I make the stock A of the anchor of a
rectangular bar, tapering on one side from a short parallel part a in the centre
towards each end, and quite flat or straight on the other side a', and it may fit on
tho shank B either side towards the head C thereof; the ends a² are flat and cut
level off, and the edges are planed, slightly inclining towards the head C as shewn
at b, b, to enable the stock to take the ground more freely. In order to make the
stock perform proper duties similar to the flukes or palms D' of the arms D in
exercising holding power, I make the total holding surface of the stock approximately
the same as that of the main flukes or palms D¹, D', so that the latter have the
same resisting surface as the entire stock. In order to ensure this action I make
the length of the stock not greater than the distance between the centres of the
flukes or palms D', D', so that it shall not disturb the ground immediately in front
of the crown arms or palms.
The head C of the shank B may be made of any suitable form that will avoid
the fouling of the cable when the ship swings. The back pin E is made of the
maximun size practicable, so as to give the greatest power of resistance compatible
with the thickness of the head of the shank, whereby its resisting surface is
increased and the liability to the deflection of the arms D, D, beyond the proper
angle is obviated, whilst at the same time a permanent set or indentation of the
pin E on the axis d of the arms is avoided when brought violently into collision
on being tested to great strains.
By constructing the back pin E of the maximum size practicable, as herein before
described, I am enabled to dispense with the recess at the side of the head, and the
stop or clutch on the arms which worked in it, thus reducing the thickness of the
head of the shank and the total weight, the amount of which has been found
objectionable in anchors of this kind.
The shoulders c at the stock end of the shank are brought as near to the chain
shackle as practicable, in order that by securing a preponderance of weight at the
head C the tendency of the back arms D to take hold may be increased, and the
pressure on the head of the shank reduced in anchors of this description.
The arms D are constructed in the following manner :-
I make the central axis d of the arms of the maximum diameter practicable,
consistent with the size of the head C, in order that the recess e therein, which
regulates the angle of the arms shall be sufficiently deep and wide to give the

page_text: greatest amount of resisting surface to the back pin E. This arrangement may be
employed either alone, as in the example illustrated, or in conjunction with the
usual clutch or stop on the arms working in a recess in the head.
By increasing the size of the central bole at fin the head, I not only obtain greater
resisting power for the back pin E, as before mentioned, but I am also enabled to em-
ploy palms D¹ of greater width, power, and strength, and more simple in construction.
These palms D are made either flat on all sides, as shewn in the section Figure 3,
and tapering to the point, or flat on two sides, and rounded on the outer edges, as
shown in the section, Figure 4, and the extremities are firnished to what is known
as a chisel point, forming a part of an octagon or hexagon, as shown at g, with the
lower edge by preference slightly rounded as shewn, whilst the palms are made
of the same taper on every side. The strength and holding power of the palms is
thus greatly increased, whilst at the same time the liability is obviated to the
fracture or bending of the points, which has been found so objectionable in other
anchors of this type, and greater facility in the manufacture is secured.
The palms, arms, or shanks may be formed with holes in any part of them for
the convenience of stowing or catting the anchor.
In making anchors of a superior quality I adapt to the central axis a bush or
bearing i of brass, copper, white metal, or other similar alloy, so as to prevent
corrosion by oxidation when not in use.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be be used or carried into
effect, I would observe in conclusion that what I consider to be novel and original,
and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by the hereinbefore in part
recited Letters Patent is,-
First. In anchors of the type hereinbefore referred to, constructing the stock of
the anchor substantially in and for the purposes herein before described.
Second. In anchors of the type herein before referred to, constructing the crown
arms of the anchor with their Hukes or palms, substantially in the manner and for
the purposes herein before described.
Third. The general construction, arrangement, and combination of parts con-
stituting an anchor, substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in the
accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Wright, have to this my Specification
set my hand and seal, this Tenth day of May, One thousand eight
hundred and eighty one.
TACT
MALAWA