matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN WORKING HYDRAULIC MACHINERY
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Farnham Maxwell Lyte at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th December 1879.
FARNHAM MAXWELL LYTE, of the Scientific Club, Saville Row, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN WORKING HYDRAULIC MACHINERY."
My Invention has for its object to prevent the bursting of hydraulic machinery
by the freezing of the water now ordinarily employed therein, and to this end I
substitute for the water a non freezing liquid or solution, such as brine, chloride of
calcium, or glycerine and water, giving the preference to such solutions of saline or
other bodies as are least liable to freeze and do not act injuriously upon iron. The
solution brine may be employed either by being pumped or otherwise elevated to a
high level, or by being injected direct by a force pump into the cylinder of the ram
or hydraulic press or machine.
Besides the advantago of resisting frost a greater pressure will be obtained by
the use of brine or saline solutions pumped to a height, than with water on account
of the greater density of such solutions.
Where it is desired to utilise the pressure of water from an existing main a
vessel may be constructed with a flexible or movable diaphragm dividing it into
two chambers. Into the chamber at one side of the diaphragm the water from the
main would be allowed to flow whilst the non freezing solution or liquid would be
placed in the chamber at the other side of the diaphragm, which latter chamber
would be connected with the cylinder or pressure chamber of the hydraulic press or
other machine into which the non freezing solution or liquid would be forced, and
allowed to return thence into the saine chamber, the same non freezing liquid being
used over and over again continually. Instead of a diaphragm I may use a bag or
other compressible chamber of flexible or elastic material, the neck of which would
be connected to the pipe leading to the pressure chamber or cylinder of the ram or
hydraulic machine, such bag being enclosed in the chamber connected to the water
main so as to be surrounded by the water, so that when the pressure from the main
is admitted the bag will become compressed and the non freezing liquid be forced
into the cylinder or chamber of the ram or hydraulic machine. In either case the
vessel or chamber containing the diaphragm or bag would be protected from the
cold by being buried deep in the ground, or by being kept in a warm place while

page_text: the only pipes exposed are those leading to or from the hydraulic machine, and as
these contain only non-freezing liquid they as well as. the other parts of the
machine are not subject to the effects of frost.
The chamber need not however necessarily be connected, with a water main, but
water under pressure from any other source may be used; or instead of water any 5
other liquid or air, steam, or gas under suitable pressure.may be made to act on the
diaphragm, bag, or other compressible vessel.
"
IMPROVEMENTS IN TRICYCLES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sir James Liston Foulis at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st June 1879.
SIR JAMES LISTON FOULIS, of Colinton, in the County of Midlothian, North
Britain, Baronet. IMPROVEMENTS IN TRICYCLES."
"
This Invention, which relates to improvements in tricycles, has for its object to
enable much larger driving wheels to be used than hitherto, and whereby a greatly
higher speed of transit on a common road than hitherto is obtained. The foregoing
objects are achieved more especially by the construction of the framing of the
tricycle, which admits of the operation of the driving wheel or wheels independently
of the steering wheel or wheels, the position of the steering wheel or wheels and
that of the driving wheel or wheels being such that they require to be independently
operated; that is to say, the diameter of the driving wheel is such that it could not
be operated and the tricycle steered by the same person. The framework of the
tricycle consists of one or a pair of footboards extending along one or both sides
thereof, and which with the parts constituting the bearings for the driving wheel
or wheels, and the swivelling arrangements for the steering wheel or wheels, also
constitute the framing of the machine.
Although I have described one footboard or framing as being used, yet I prefer
to employ two such footboards or framings, one on each side of the tricycle, so that
either one or two persons may be employed for operating the large driving
wheel or wheels, which it is preferred to operate by hand cranks rather than by
treadles.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING CHANGES IN EFFECTS ADAPTED TO ADVERTISING AND OTHER USES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Osborn Spong at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th December 1879.
JAMES OSBORN SPONG, of 28, King William Street, Strand, in the County of
Middlesex, Manufacturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING CHANGES
IN EFFECTS ADAPTED TO ADVERTISING AND OTHER USES."
The object of my Invention is to obtain variable colored changes or other effects
as means for attracting attention to advertisements or objects.
According to my present improvements for the different effects desired to be
obtained I employ glass or other media, which is caused to rotate between the
light from a gas burner or other suitable light, so as to produce a succession of
colors or changes, by the absence of any intervening coloring media, upon another
surface or other surfaces upon which may be applied various lettering or repre-
sentations if desired.
The rotation of the glass or other media is effected by the rotation of a wheel
with inclined arms or vanes placed over or so as to be affected by the upward
current of air from the heat of the gas or other light employed, and the stem or
axis of such inclined aims or vanes carries a chamber with sides of the different
colors or effects; or a pin wheel or other source of rotation acts upon corresponding
means for the rotation of a wheel or wheels divided into segments or parts, any or
all of which are provided with the successive colors or effects desired; or the media
may be simply suspended from or applied to the rotator.
The successive colored or other effects may be received onto a reflector or
reflectors made up of a series of planes or other surfaces adapted to divide and
redistribute the images obtained.
IMPROVED APPLIANCES AND BRUSHES FOR CLEANSING THE RAILS AND GROOVES OF TRAMWAYS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Sonnenthal at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 8th May 1879.
GEORGE SONNENTHAL, of Lambeth Hill, Queen Victoria Street, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVED APPLIANCES AND BRUSHES FOR CLEANSING THE RAILS
AND GROOVES OF TRAMWAYS."
This Invention of applying rotating brushes to tramway cars for cleansing the
rails or grooves relates to the application chiefly of rotating steel brushes of the
form in section of a blunt wedge, though other kinds of brushes and of other shape
of rotating brushes may be used.
I attach two round brushes of convenient diameter to an axle, the brushes being
set at a distance apart which enables the brushes to enter in both grooves of the
tram rail. The axle is supported by suitable bearings to the car and is driven
either by friction wheels from the car axle, or by means of pulleys and bands, or
by gearing. In either of these ways, or by a combination of the several methods,
the brushes are rotated when the car is travelling, and the brushes penetrating
into the rail grooves clear the grooves. The brushes may be made of such section
that besides entering the groove, a projection on each side, or one side, may clear
the upper surface of the rail, and a carrier or diagonal brush, or slide, or plough
may be used to push the refuse or material brushed up so as to divert it obliquely
from the rails or track.
By arranging the axle in connection with levers in any usual way the conductor
of the car can have control of the apparatus either to set it in gear to cleanse the
rails, or to bring it out of gear when the use of the brushes is not needed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SASH SUS-
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Carson at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 9th July 1879.
JOHN CARSON, of Canonby Road, London.
PENDERS."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SASH SUS-
The object of this Invention is to provide a more simple and economical means
for holding in any fixed position, and facilitating the opening and closing of
windows, and is designed with the view of superseding the ordinary balance weight
and sash line arrangement hitherto generally in use.
For this purpose I fix within one or both of the vertical recesses or frames to
which the window sash is fitted, and in which it slides, or to the window sash a
metal bracket or bent plate, on which turns or oscillates a flat plate or tongue,
attached thereto by a hinge or pin joint in such a manner as to leave a space of,
say, about 1/2 inches between the inner surface of the hinged plate and the inner
side of the bracket, and extending through the said space is a spiral or other
suitably shaped spring, one end of which is fixed to or placed against the inner side
of the bracket, the other end bearing against the under side of the hinged plate.
The hinged plate is provided with an aperture, within which is fitted a friction disc
or roller of any suitable shape, of hard or elastic material, fixed on a spindle so as
to revolve freely in bearings fixed to or cast on to the hinged plate in such manner
that the friction roller may project about equally on each side of the hinged
plate.
Therefore when the apparatus so constructed is fixed so that the window sash or
frame may bear or press against the friction roller, the spring will cause such
pressure to be constant, and so hold the window in any desired position.
It will be evident that the form of the apparatus may be considerably modified
without affecting the principle of the. Invention; for instance, the friction roller
may be mounted on a simple flat metal spring, one end of which spring being
screwed or otherwise fixed either to the window sash or window frame, the other
end carrying the friction roller; therefor I do not limit myself to any precise form
of apparatus or spring, or to the use of any particular number of the apparatus in
each case, as in the case of large and heavy sashes I may employ several, whilst
in the case of light sashes one of my apparatus to each sash might be sufficient. In
some cases I may fix one or more of my apparatus on each side of the sash; in
other cases on one side only, and on the other side I may employ one or more
ordinary friction rollers instead of my spring roller apparatus.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CLEANSING AND TREATING WOODEN CASKS WHICH HAVE CONTAINED SPIRITS, WINE, OR OTHER LIQUID
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Thomas Doran at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 21st October 1879.
WILLIAM THOMAS DORAN, of Belfast, in the County of Antrim, Ireland, Ware-
house Manager. "IMPROVEMENTS IN CLEANSING AND TREATING WOODEN CASKS
WHICH HAVE CONTAINED SPIRITS, WINE, OR OTHER LIQUID."
My improvements are for the purpose of doing away with the present modes of
purifying casks by means of water with lime or other chemical substance_placed
therein to remove the sour smell and impure matter; by my improvements I avoid
the washing out of these cleansing substances and also the uncertainty of this
washing being effectually done.
According to this my Invention, which I find especially useful for sour and impure
whisky casks, I remove one end or head and the bung of cask, and I thus place the
cask with its open end downwards over a fire held in an iron grate standing up
inside the cask. The fuel I use is oak cuttings or shavings or other suitable equally
harmless fuel. The cask is left under the action of the fire for some 15 or 20 minutes,
the smoke escaping by bung hole and the air entering under the lower edge.
The results of this improved method are,-
1st. The heat evaporates the sour liquid remaining in the pores, cracks, or openings
in the wood forming the cask, and burns away any organic matter adhering to the
sides.
2nd. The head and burning cuttings impart a fresh smell and other properties to
the cask similar to those of newly made casks.
3rd. The charred portion of the cask will have the property of purifying and
preserving any spirit or liquid that may now be placed therein on account of the
action of charcoal on any deleterious gases the liquid may contain or evolve.
The removed head of cask is treated in a similar manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SUGAR AND SYRUPS, " AND IN APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED THEREIN.
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Dugald Mac Eachran at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th October 1879.
DUGALD MAC EACHRAN, of Greenock, in the County of Renfrew, North Britain,
Sugar Refiner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SUGAR AND SYRUPS,
"
AND IN APPARATUS TO BE EMPLOYED THEREIN.'
According to the said Invention the sugar in a liquid, semi-liquid, sugary, or dry
or other state, or the syrup to be cooled is passed into a vessel or vessels or other
receptacles, where it is submitted to the cooling effect of water or other cooling
liquid or currents of air. To effect the said cooling by these means the vessel or
vessels, into which the sugar is passed, is or may be jacketted or formed with an
external or internal casing, or with internal pipes or their equivalents; and into or
through this casing or its equivalent water or other cooling liquid is placed or
passed in a continuous stream; or currents of air (artificially cooled or not) are
passed therethrough by means of fans or other blowing or exhausting apparatus;
or the cooling effect may be obtained when air is employed by currents of air
created and passed over the surface of the sugar or syrup by means of blowing
apparatus, or by fanners or the like. The aforesaid cooling may be effected at any
desired stage of the manufacture after heating or boiling, either before or after the
sugar or syrup is passed into the centrifugal machines, or both before and after, or
in the said machines; and the cooling may be effected by air alone, or by water or
other cooling liquid alone, or by their combined action.
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR INDICATING AND REGISTERING MEASURES OF SPACE, NUMBER, AND TIME, AND FLUCTUATIONS OF LARGE OR SMALL AMOUNT
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Lucas at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 14th October 1879,
"s
JOSEPH LUCAS, F.G.S., of 6, Defoe Road, Tooting Graveney, Surrey. IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR INDICATING AND REGISTERING MEASURES OF SPACE,
NUMBER, AND TIME, AND FLUCTUATIONS OF LARGE OR SMALL AMOUNT."
(A) A slott-bar is fixed in a vertical or other position before a disc, grooved as
below described, fixed on to and turning with the axis of motion, or (B) a band or
slott-bar is fixed on to the end of the axis or spindle, to which the measure or
amounts of space, number, and time, or the fluctuation or fluctuations to be
registered or indicated is or are communicated, so as to sweep round after the
manner of the hand of a clock, but free to move in either direction, according to the
direction in which the axis or spindle is turned. This slott-bar works round upon
a disc on which a spiral groove is formed, cast, stamped, moulded, turned, or
engraved from the centre continuously enlarging to the circumference. On the
slott-bar there is a sliding gauge from which a pin or point projects so as to enter
the groove upon the face of the disc. The position of the sliding gauge upon the
slott-bar is then regulated by the groove and the motion of the slott-bar. For
instance, if the sliding gauge be set halfway up the slott-bar and halfway between
the centre and the circumference of the disc, and the hand or slott-bar be turned
once round, on the slott-bar arriving at the radius from which it started, the sliding
gauge will be one turn of the spiral nearer to or farther from the centre of the disc
and of the slott-bar than it was when set, according to the direction of motion
given to the hand. The apparatus is made self-registering by four movable indexes,
two of which work in the groove upon the face of the disc, and the other two upon
the slott bar. Of those which work in the grooves upon the disc, one is nearer the
centre than the pin of the sliding gauge, and the other is on the outside of the pin,
or nearer the circumference. These indexes are pushed respectively towards or
from the centre of the disc in the groove of the spiral, according as the motion of
the pin of the sliding gauge is towards or from the centre. Of the indexes upon
the slott-bar one is nearer the centre than the sliding gauge, and the other nearer
the circumference. These are pushed respectively to or from the centre, according
to the motion of the sliding gauge. All four indexes on a change of motion are
left where pushed and held in that position till read or till again moved by the pin
or sliding gauge.
ILLUMINATION LAMPS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Fritz at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 4th April 1879.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
GEORGE FRITZ, of Frankforto/Maine, Empire of Germany.
ILLUMINATION LAMPS."
This Invention relates to new or improved contrivances or apparatuses for
illuminating christmas trees or other illuminating purposes, and consists in the
construction and use of small vessels made of metal, china, glass, or other material,
of a pear, cylindrical, or any desired shape, and ornamented or not. Each vessel
is filled with an inflammable substance, such as paraffin, stearine, wax, and through
its upper part or mouth is inserted a tube of glass or thin metal extending through
the inflammable substance to the bottom of the vessel, and perforated with holes,
longitudinal slots, or otherwise for its entire length. Into this tube is inserted a
wick, previously soaked in some inflammable liquid. Each vessel is provided with
a metal point or needle at its bottom end, or with a hook in combination with a
weight, by which the vessel can be fixed or suspended in an upright position where
desired.
On lighting the wick the inflammable substance inside the vessel is gradually
melted and sucked up through the wick tube for feeding the flame, and by the
regular way in which this is effected no flaring or unpleasant movement of the
flame (which in the case of candles occurs with every little draught) is experienced.
These vessels may be made in imitation of a variety of objects, such as fruit, or
flowers, insects, or animals.
When made of glass they may be either of crystal or colored glass, in which
latter case they may be filled with colored paraffin, stearine, wax, or other sub-
stance, thereby increasing their ornamental appearance.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ARRANGING WATER WHEELS AND IN PUMPS COMBINED THEREWITH FOB PUMPING AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Adams and Alexander Watt
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 1st July 1879.
JAMES ADAMS, of Newington, in the County of Surrey, and ALEXANDER Watt,
of Lewisham High Road, in the County of Kent, Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
ARRANGING WATER WHEELS AND IN PUMPS COMBINED THEREWITH FOB PUMPING
AND OTHER PURPOSES."
This Invention relates to improvements in arranging and mounting a series of
water wheels one above another, and in the construction of pumps combined
therewith and actuated thereby, and also in applying the motive power derived from
such combined water wheels and pumps to driving machinery and for other useful
purposes.
In carrying out the first part of our improvements, we mount in a suitable
frame-work either inside or outside of a building or structure three over-shot water
wheels placed one above the other.
Over the upper wheel we supply a flow of water either by a tank, reservoir, or
any other means, with a sluice or valve for allowing the water to pass from the
reservoir into the buckets of the upper water wheel, which causes it to revolve and
thus transmit motive power for driving machinery or for other purposes as may
be required, this upper water wheel being specially employed for such purposes.
The water as it falls from the upper wheel is directed on to the buckets of the
second water below, which is thus caused to revolve also. The water then passes
from the second water wheel into the buckets of the third and lowest water-wheel
of the series and from thence into a reservoir at the bottom.
The second and third water-wheels may be connected together by two spur
wheels having an intermediate wheel between them, and into this intermediate
wheel a crank pin is fixed carrying a double connecting rod attached to levers that
work two double action pumps.
The pumps are worked by the second and third water wheels, these two wheels
being specially employed for the purpose of pumping, by which means the whole or
part of the water used by the upper wheel (for driving machinery or other motive
power purposes) is pumped back into the upper tank or reservoir except any lost
by evaporation, to supply which a ball cock is placed in the reservoir at the top
with a pipe connected to the main or water supply.

page_text: The two lower water-wheels can be worked without being connected if required
and the water can be raised to the top reservoir by means of elevators, chain or
centrifugal pumps.
Our improvements in the construction of the force and lift pumps combined with
our improved arrangement of water-wheels consists in arranging four valves in two
square oblong boxes with a cylinder and plunger in the centre, a pipe being
arranged on each side of the cylinder to allow the water to pass each way from the
suction to the delivery pipes.
A NEW OR IMPROVED METHOD OF UTILISING OSTRICH FEATHERS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF COLLARS, MUFFS, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF ATTIRE
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Michael Joseph at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 3rd February 1879.
MICHAEL JOSEPH, of New Hampton, in the County of Middlesex. "A NEW
OR IMPROVED METHOD OF UTILISING OSTRICH FEATHERS FOR THE MANUFACTURE
OF COLLARS, MUFFS, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF ATTIRE."
This Invention has for its object to utilise those portions of ostrich feathers
which have hitherto been considered waste and useless so as to manufacture there-
from cuffs, collarettes, muffs, and other articles of attire, as also trimmings for coats
and dresses, and to render such portions of the feathers fit for use for other similar
purposes, thus effecting an immense economy in the cost of manufacture of such
articles.
In order to carry out my Invention I proceed as follows:-I take one or more
piece or pieces of chamois or other suitable leather, and cut or otherwise shape it
or them to the pattern of the article to be manufactured. Should there be two or
more pieces of leather I stitch them together or otherwise unite them in any
suitable manner. Having thus formed a suitable foundation I then take the waste
portions of the ostrich feathers, and split, prepare, clean, and curl them, after which
I stitch or otherwise attach them to such chamois or other suitable leathern
foundation, taking care so to arrange them as to cover the entire surface thereof.
By my improved method of manufacture cuffs, collarettes, muffs, head dresses,
trimmings, and other articles of costume may be manufactured at a much less cost
than hitherto, at the same time that in many cases a far more effective and
handsome appearance is presented by articles so manufactured than by those made
of a more costly material.
PROVEMENTS IN GASLIGHTING APPARATUS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Bradshaw, James Haworth,
and Robert Parkinson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
14th June 1879.
JAMES BRADSHAW, Watch Maker, JAMES HAWORTH, Upholsterer, and ROBERT
PARKINSON, Upholsterer, all of Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster.
PROVEMENTS IN GASLIGHTING APPARATUS."
"IM-
This Invention relates to improved appliance to be used in combination with
ordinary burners, the object being to prevent the curling of the flame, and to
deflect, spread out, or determinate the flame, so as to ensure the maxinin ammount
of light therefrom.
An appliance or device according to this our said Invention comprises a
deflecting plate of metal, glass, porcelain, talc, or other like substance, hinged to a
clip pieces panning the burner, the positions of the clip determining the angle of the
deflecting plate in relation to the flame, and as the clip be raised or lowered, so will
the flame be more or less deflected.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING LIGHT BY ELECTRICITY
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Berger Spence at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 5th March 1879.
JOHN BERGER SPENCE, of Lombard Street, in the City of London, Merchant.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING LIGHT BY
ELECTRICITY."
This Invention relates to certain means for producing a highly illuminating
electric arc with the use of metallic electrodes.
The points of the electrodes I form by preference of platinum, fitting them into
the ends of metallic tubes which may be in connection with pipes or vessels for
supplying water or other heat absorbing liquid to the electrodes, and thereby
preventing the undue heating of the points. The electrodes (one or both) I make
adjustable relatively to each other, and between their points I introduce a flame
obtained from the consumption of gas, oil, spirit, or other inflammable material.
On passing a current of electricity through the electrodes an arc will be formed
in the flame of great illuminating power, and that without any appreciable wasting
of either of the electrodes. In some cases I propose to substitute a point composed
of carbon or other similar material for the flame, maintaining it at the desired level
by means of a counterweight or its equivalent.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TILES, AND IN THE METHOD OF SECURING THEM TO THE ROOFS OR SIDES or BUILDINGS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edmund Alfred Morton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th January 1879.
"
EDMUND ALFRED MORTON, of the Firm of Joseph Morton and Sons, of Lindley
Moor Potteries, near Huddersfield, in the County of York. IMPROVEMENTS IN
TILES, AND IN THE METHOD OF SECURING THEM TO THE ROOFS OR SIDES or
BUILDINGS."
This Invention refers to tiles employed for covering the roofs or sides of buildings
and the means of securing them thereto. Heretofore such tiles have been secured
by nails, but this method is imperfect, as the nails break or shake loose in a short
time, thus necessitating constant attention.
My improvements consist in forming on the underside of the tile a dovetailed or
angular strip or ledge of the same material as that of which the tile is composed,
and these strips are placed between two laths or bars of wood which are secured to
the rafters in the usual manner. The tile is thus held securely along its whole
width, and as the surface is unbroken the woodwork and nails are entirely protected
from the effects of rain. Tiles may also be secured more quickly by my Invention
than by the ordinary method.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR AND IN THE METHOD OF CLEANING THE GAUZES OF SAFETY LAMPS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Aspinall at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 14th February 1879.
JOHN ASPINALL, of Barnsley, in the County of York. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR AND IN THE METHOD OF CLEANING THE GAUZES OF SAFETY
LAMPS."
This Invention relates to improvements in cleaning the gauzes of safety lamps,
and consists chiefly in causing the gauze to revolve, which I accomplish by the use
of a mandril or chuck made to correspond to the inside diameter and length of the
gauze, and which may be covered with leather, rubber, or other material, so that
when the gauze is pressed on to the mandril or chuck it is retained by the friction
or contact of the two surfaces, and on the mandril being rotated is carried round
with it. A brush (by preference of the shape secured to me by registration,
No. 6037, dated May 15, 1878) is then held against the gauze, which rapidly cleans
off the dirt and soot without injury to the gauze. To clean the inside of the gauze
I use a brush which I make in two parts or halves, so that the bristles may be
secured with wire instead of pitch; the parts are then screwed together, thus
making a very durable brush. This brush being of suitable diameter is rotated by
machinery in a similar way to the mandril, and the gauze is forced over and on to
the brush by the hand of the operator.
1
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS REGULATORS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Thorp and Robert Tasker
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th November 1879.
THOMAS THORP, of Whitefield, in the County of Lancaster, Architect, and ROBERT
TASKER, of Prestwich, in the same County. "IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS REGULATORS."
Our Invention has reference to the construction of equilibrium gas regulators, as
follows:-
The inlet pipe communicates by two opposite openings with a chamber connected
to the outlet. The inlet and outlet are connected to the gas main. The chamber
has removeable covers at two opposite sides (its top and bottom). One of these
covers is perforated, and has arranged over and around it an inverted cup-shaped
cover, to the rim of which is secured the outer circumference of an annular flexible
diaphraghm, whose inner circumference is secured between the perforated removable
cover and the body of the chamber communicating with the outlet. The cup-
shaped cover, flexible diaphraghm, and perforated cover, thus form together a chamber
connected by the passages in the perforated cover with the chamber connected
with the outlet. The two opposite openings leading from the inlet are provided
each with a valve, one (the upper one) arranged on the inlet side of its opening,
and the other (the lower one) on the outlet side of its opening, within the chamber
communicating with the outlet. These two valves and the cup shaped cover are
secured to a stem or spindle capable of endwise movement guided in the lower and
This stem or spindle
upper covers of the chamber communicating with the outlet.
is weighted by weights or a spring. The chamber formned by the cup-shaped
cover, flexible diaphraghm, and perforated cover is with other parts enclosed in a
surrounding perforated cover. When gas enters the inlet (the outlet being partly
closed) and passes the valves, a pressure will be communicated through the
passages in the perforated cover to the chamber formed by it, the cup-shaped cover
and the diaphraghm thus raising the cup-shaped cover, and carrying with it the
valves in opposition to the weight or spring, and thereby regulating the pressure of
the gas in the said chamber and outlet. The flexible diaphraghm may be coated
with glycerine or other preservative against the injurious action of the gas.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING COTTON WITH ANILINE-BLACK
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 25th November 1879. A communication
from abroad by Wilhelm Gustave Hugo Peltzer, of Rheydt, Rhenish Prussia,
Germany, and Gustave Fagenburg, of Rydboholm, in the Kingdom of Sweden.
JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of Middlesex,
Gentleman. "IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING COTTON WITH ANILINE-BLACK." A com-
munication from abroad by Wilhelm Gustave Hugo Peltzer, of Rheydt, Rhenish
Prussia, Germany, and Gustave Fagenburg, of Rydboholm, in the Kingdom of
Sweden.
This Invention relates to an improved process of dyeing cotton in the condition
of cotton wool and cotton yarn with aniline black, and consists of the series of
operations hereinafter described whereby this result is obtained.
The cotton wool when such is to be operated upon, is first carefully loosened and
it and also cotton yarn, when the same is to be dyed, may be subjected to a
preliminary boiling process and then carefully dried.
The material to be dyed is next when in a cold condition impregnated with
chlorhydrate of aniline, to which is added chlorate of potash, or any other suitable
oxidating salt together with vanadium, perchloride of vanadium, or any other metallic
salt capable of producing aniline-black.
The material thus impregnated is then freed from the adherent impregnating
liquid by means of a press or a wringing machine, the liquid expressed being again
used for impregnation. The cotton is next subjected to the action of an opener,
which operates upon the cotton in a moistened state in the following manner, this
part of the process constituting an important feature of this Invention:-
The impregnated material introduced into a close apparatus, in which it is
constantly maintained in motion and kept in a loose or open state, and exposed to
a current of hot air passing continuously through the apparatus.
After having dried the material by this operation to a certain degree steam is
introduced. The acids liberated during the progress of this operation are carried
away by and with the current of air and steam. Any gas capable of neutralising
these acids may also be introduced into the current of air, as, for example, ammonia
and the like.

page_text: This current of air with its additions passing through the apparatus effects the
oxidation of the aniline in a rapid and powerful manner to a bigh degree, and at the
same time prevents any deterioration of the material from the action of the acid
liberated during the operation.
As soon as the oxidation is completed in the apparatus the material is subjected 5
to the action of a bath, which contains potash or chromate of potash, in order to
effect the neutralization of any acid, and the material is then rinsed, treated with
soap, and finally dried.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SANITARY DRAIN TRAPS
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Waterhouse at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 13th May 1879.
JAMES WATERHOUSE, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Stonemason.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SANITARY DRAIN TRAPS."
My Invention consists of an improved stench or drain trap, whereby more than
the advantages of the D trap and bell trap are combined, that is, the ingress of the
fluid is through a hinged grate (by preference), and subsequently flows in a serpen-
tine direction, finally passing through a circular or any other suitably shaped hole
at or near the bottom. To connect it with sanitary pipes the flow of the liquid is
in the direction of the letter S placed horizontal (n), and the advantages are,
simplicity of setting or fixing, as when the pipes are in position the drain trap has
a little cement, clay, or mortar put round the socket part and placed in the pipe;
the trap being charged with water no smell can arise, and any openings in the brick
work around the trap do not affect it, as it is independent thereof, and even when
the grating is removed or open, the smell from the drain is entirely arrested.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BEDS FOR MOUNTING STEREOTYPE PLATES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Buchanan Johnstone at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th July 1879.
ALEXANDER BUCHANAN JOHNSTONE, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster. “IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BEDS FOR MOUNTING STEREOTYPE PLATES."
This Invention relates to the construction of cast iron or other metal beds for
mounting stereotype plates used for printing. I make the bed somewhat in the
form of a grating with longitudinal bars and slots alternately, and with the surface
planed or otherwise made perfectly true.
The bars are made of a T-form in section, one end of each slot being enlarged
for the introduction of square nuts which fit in the back of the grooves so that they
cannot turn round.
The edges of the stereotype plates are bevilled, and they are held in their places
on the surface of the bed by means of thin bevilled plates of brass or other metal,
which are fixed by means of screws passing through the slots, and screwing into
the square nuts at the back. The bevilled plates which hold the ends or sides of
the stereotype plates which are parallel to the bars are slotted so that they can be
set up as required.
Two sides of the bed are provided with long fixed plates, the upper edges of
which projecting above the surface are bent over to the bevil required, so as to act
as abutments to wedge the stereotype plates against.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Ephraim Hindle at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 16th April 1879.
EPHRAIM HINDLE, of 2, Mill Lane, Blackburn, in the County of Lancaster,
Commission Agent. "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
"
This Invention relates to improvements in "dobby looms or mechanism for
actuating the healds while weaving headings or stripes across the piece (in cloths
known as
"dooties"), or any other cloths requiring fancy headings, and changing
the pattern of such cloth and heading speedily.
According to this my Invention, instead of the ordinary barrel and lattice I
employ two or more barrels and lattices mounted and carried at suitable and equal
distances apart by bearing plates or discs, the discs being carried by or working on
a rod or shaft, which passes through the centre of same; on the end of cach barrel
is the usual catch wheel, and a holding catch or stop to retain the apparatus in
proper position, different patterns being formed on each lattice (by pegging).
When one barrel is engaged the others are disengaged, and when one border is
woven and the heading is required it is accomplished by releasing the holding
catch or stop and moving the whole on the bearing rod or shaft, thus bringing the
next barrel and lattice into position, the pattern of which differing from the former
one changes the pattern of the cloth as required The above apparatus may be
applied to other pattern or card mechanism.
IMPROVED APPLIANCE TO BE FITTED TO A HORSE'S BRIDLE TO BE USED IN CONNECTION WITH NOSE-BAGS
Year: 1879

page_text: " AN
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Martin Vanburen Bligh at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th October 1879.
MARTIN VANBUREN BLIGH, of Brighton, in the County of Sussex.
IMPROVED APPLIANCE TO BE FITTED TO A HORSE'S BRIDLE TO BE USED IN
CONNECTION WITH NOSE-BAGS."
The Invention consists of a loose or fixed curved D hook which is attached to
the bridle between the blinker and rosette. The hook is preferably curved forward
right and left for suspending a nose bag by rope or strap from the hame, collar,
saddle, or harness. This rope or strap passes through or is provided with a wooden
or metal ring, disc, button, or other suitable adjustable stop piece, which from its
position serves to limit the travel of the horse's head along the rope and to prevent
the horse's nose coming out of the bag.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS MOTOR ENGINES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Richardson Wigham at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the the 4th November 1879.
JOHN RICHARDSON WIGHAM, of Capel Street, Dublin, Ireland. "IMPROVEMENTS
IN GAS MOTOR ENGINES."
In engines worked by the combustion of hydrocarbon gases or vapours, there
often occurs a deposit of carbon or an accumulation of carbonic acid or other heavy
gas, which is apt to choke the small passages for communicating the igniting flame
to the gaseous charge in the cylinder, or to prevent ignition of the gaseous
charge.
My Invention relates to means of remedying this defect in such engines. For
this purpose instead of employing for the igniting flame the hydrocarbon gas or
vapour used for working the engine, I arrange a separate supply of pure or
comparatively pure hydrogen to produce the igniting flame. The hydrogen may
be produced in any known manner, and should be maintained at a constant or nearly
constant pressure by means of a gas governor, so as to provide a uniform jet at the
igniting port.
The igniting jet may be intermitted by a valve which is worked in correspondence
with the gas supply valve or slide, being connected therewith by a lever so that the
gas is admitted to the igniting jet only when the charge is in the cylinder ready for
firing.
The igniting passages being kept clear by the arrangements above described,
the chimney usually employed for draught in gas engines may be dispensed
with.
IMPROVED FLESHING MACHINE
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Craven Harpham and
William Thompson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the
13th June 1879.
"AN
THOMAS CRAVEN HARPHAM and WILLIAM THOMPSON, Manufacturing Chemists,
both of Sheepscar Mills, Meanwood Road, Leeds, in the County of York.
IMPROVED FLESHING MACHINE."
This Invention consists of improvements in the method of and in machinery or
apparatus for fleshing and unhairing of hides, skins, and other similar material.
The machine is constructed with two uprights or frame ends, secured together by
any suitable means, on the top of which are fitted bushes or bearings to receive the
journals of a revolving cylinder or roller, on the top of which are secured spiral
knives starting from the centre of the cylinder or roller at a suitable pitch to the
right and to the left hand.
At the front of the machine there is an arrangement of levers with suitable
bearings to receive the journals, two or more cylinders or rollers upon which is
stretched and made to revolve an elastic sheet, or any other suitable material.
The hide, skin, or other material to be operated upon is secured upon the elastic
sheet, and is operated upon by being brought in contact with the spiral knives by
means of levers, wheels, balance weights, or other suitable gearing.
The machine is driven by belts and pulleys in the usual way.
The means used for bringing the elastic sheet into contact with the knives is as
follows:-
The sheet, rollers, and other apparatus that the hide is fixed upon are fixed in a
moveable frame capable of being moved entirely out of the way of the knives, or
pressed up to the same when the hide is laid upon the band or sheet.
A NEW OR IMPROVED SCARF RING OR SCARF SLIDE
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Oliver Vaughton at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th October 1879.
OLIVER VAUGHTON, of the Firm of Philip Vaughton and Sons, of Birmingham,
in the County of Warwick, Manufacturing Jewellers. "A NEW OR IMPROVED
SCARF RING OR SCARF SLIDE."
My Invention consists of a scarf ring or scarf slide constructed as herein after
described, whereby the joint or joints and spring of ordinary scarf rings are
dispensed with.
In making a scarf ring according to my Invention I take a strip of sheet metal
of a length somewhat greater than double the breadth of the scarf ring to be made.
One part of the said strip is bent into a bow like shape to form the body or front
of the scarf ring, and the other portion forming the back of the scarf ring is bent
near its middle into a concave form, the concavity being of such a depth that when
the two ends of the bent strip are brought together, the said concave part comes
nearly into contact with the back or inner side of the front of the scarf ring.
That end of the strip forming the termination of the front of the scarf ring has
attached to it a nearly semi-tubular piece constituting the concave part of a
fastening, and the other end of the strip forming the termination of the back of
the scarf ring is bent into a tubular form around a wire fixed in it, and constitutes
a cylindrical piece capable of taking into and engaging with the semi-tubular piece
or concave part of the fastening. In using the scarf ring the two ends are dis-
engaged from one another when the concave back is so far distant from the body or
front that the ring can be readily adjusted to the required position on the scarf by
a sliding motion. When its position has been adjusted the back is pressed towards
the body or front part, and the two parts of the fastening made to engage with one
another by a snapping action. By the approach of the back of the scarf ring to
the front the scarf is gripped between them, and the scarf ring is fixed firmly in
the position to which it has been brought.
In order to unfasten the scarf ring pressure is applied, so as to slightly diminish
the curvature of the front or body, when the two parts of the fastening are dis-
engaged from one another and the back part springs outwards, thereby increasing
the distance between it and the body and liberating the scarf. The elasticity of
the strip of metal, of which the scarf ring is made, is sufficient for the action
described, and a separate spring is unnecessary.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING FIBRES
Year: 1879

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Lumb at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 14th May 1879.
George Lumb, of Marsh, near Huddersfield, in the County of York, Spinning
Overlooker. "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR SPINNING AND DOUBLING
FIBRES."
This Invention has for its object the driving the several spindles or a number of
separate spindles of machinery aforesaid by means of one driving band. According
to this my said Invention I employ two wharles (or a single wharle having two
grooves) on each of the spindles at the end of the frame, or on each outer spindle of
a series of spindles. The driving band is passed partly around the wharle on the
first spindle, thence around the tin " cylinder," next around the wharle of spindle
number two, over the tin cylinder, and so on to the other end, then by way of the
second wharle (or the second groove in the wharle), and is guided to and over the
additional wharle or additional groove of the wharle at the other end of the frame
or on the outer spindle of the series, thereby having but one "joint" in the driving
band of the whole spindles or series of spindles instead of a knot or joint for each
band and each spindle; or in case where one band has been used the many friction
runners placed between the spindles for the purpose of causing the band to bite
upon the wharles.