Year: 1888

page_text: -We HARRY FRANCIS AINLEY of 476 Hackney Road in the County of Middlesex,
Laundryman, and ALBERT CHARLES OAKES of 24 Aldermanbury in the City of.
London, Warehouseman do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
The chief object of this invention is to provide means for drilling square holes, but
the invention may also be applied to a turning lathe whereby round or similarly shaped
articles may be turned square.
The invention chiefly consists in a novel construction and arrangement of spindle,
to which the tool holder is attached, and by the rotation of which, within a suitable
guide, the tool is caused to move or cut over such an area as to make a square hole.
In carrying out this invention, the spindle is formed with a cross section
corresponding to the outer sides of three ovals of the second kind, superposed in such
a manner that the centre lines of their longest axles will intersect, and represent an
equilateral triangle.
This spindle is mounted in fixed rectangular guides, or preferably between guide
rollers which have their centres arranged at the angles of a square.
There will be two sets of guide rollers arranged exactly alike, placed a short
distance apart, so as to keep the spindle steady. As the spindle rotates in the guides,
its vertical axis is continually shifting, and the tool, which may be a single blade or
three blades, set at an angle to one another, will be caused, in addition to making a
round hole, so to speak, to dig out the corners and form a square hole. Motion may
be communicated to the spindle by a belt, or in any other convenient manner.
In applying the invention to a lathe, I form the chucks of two spindles constructed
and arranged in guides as above described, and placed opposite one another in the
same horizontal line.
These spindles are geared together so that they shall move together. The article to
be made square is placed between the spindles, and a cutting tool is held on a rest
against the article, which, when rotated in front of the tool, will be cut square.
Dated this 13th lov of June 1888.
NEWTON & SON,
Agents for the Applicants.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Drilling Machines.
We HARRY FRANCIS AINLEY of 476 Hackney Road in the County of Middlesex,
Laundryman, and ALBERT CHARLES OAKES of 24 Aldermanbury in the City of
London, Warehouseman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
The object of this invention is to provide means for drilling square holes for various
purposes, and the invention consists in the construction and arrangement of spindle
to which the tool holder is attached, and by the rotation of which spindle within a
suitable guide, the tool is caused to move or cut over such an area as to make a square
hole.
In carrying out this invention, the spindle is formed with a cross section
corresponding to the outer sides of three ovals of the second kind, superposed in
such a manner that the centre lines of their longest axes will intersect and represent
an equilateral triangle.
The spindle is mounted in a fixed rectangular guide, or preferably between guides
rollers which have their centres arranged at the angles of a square.
In the accompanying drawings :
Fig. 1 is a side elevation of a drilling machine constructed according to our
invention.
Fig. 2 is a diagram drawn on an enlarged scale, and showing a cross section of the
spindle and the position of the roller guides, and Fig. 3 is a diagram showing the
means for driving the spindle.
A is a base plate, and B a standard secured thereto or cast therewith. The standard
is formed with a lateral strengthening rib B' on either side, and with two forwardly
projecting arms B2 B², in addition to a threaded head B3 for a feeding screw C. A
hand wheel D, or fast and loose pulleys, are provided, the axle of which is carried in
bearings in a bracket extending laterally from the standard B. This axle carries also
a mitre wheel D', which gears with a mitre wheel E¹ on the end of the vertical
spindle E. This spindle is carried in bearings in the arms B2 133, and upon it is
mounted a toothed wheel E².
F is the tool spindle, the section of which shows a three sided figure with rounded
corners (see Figs. 2 and 3).
In setting out the section of this spindle, we find the following a convenient mode
of procedure. We first describe an equilateral triangle. Then, taking each point as
a centre, we describe a circle having a radius of half the length of the sides of the
triangle. Again taking each point as a centre, we describe an arc joining two
circles, and having a radius of one and a half times the length of the sides of the
triangle.

page_text: The size of the hole to be cut will depend upon the length of the sides of the
equilateral triangle; thus, given the size of the hole it is desired to form, the
triangle will first be described, and the section of the spindle can then be accurately
set out.
F is a cylindrical cap which is secured to the upper end of the spindle F, and F2
is a tool holder or socket secured to, or formed at the lower end of the spindle.
The cap F receives a button on the end of the feeding screw (), so that the spindle
may be raised by the screw when desired.
The spindle F may work in a square guide formed in each of the arms B2 B2, of
such a size the spindle shall touch on all sides, but as the friction in this case is some-
what great, we prefer to employ friction rollers G, as shown at Fig. 2.-These
rollers G are mounted on stud axles G' secured to the arms B2 B2, and are so arranged
as to bring their acting surfaces in a position corresponding to the sides of the square
guide.
One set of these rollers G will be placed above the upper arms, and another set
below the lower arm B2 (see Fig. 1).
The spindle F will be driven by the toothed wheel F³, which gears with the
wheel E2 on the spindle E. As, however, the spindle F, owing to its form, and being
rotated in fixed guides, will be continually shifting its vertical axis, the wheel F³,
which is mounted upon it, must be so made as to remain always in gear with its
driving wheel E2. To this end we make the wheel F³ with an outline corresponding
to that of the spindle.
Instead of making the spindle of the section shown, it will be obvious that we may
use cams having the requisite outline, and working in suitable guides, the spindle
being cylindrical, with a feather, and sliding through the cams.
H is the drilling tool, which may be of triangular section, as seen in Fig. 4, which
shows the point of the drill.
The size and shape of the drill will vary according to requirements, but for the
best work, the area of the triangular drill should be practically the same, or, if any-
thing, slightly less than that of the triangle on which the section of the drill spindle F
is set out. If the drill is smaller than this, the sides of the square may become more
or less convex, and if larger, the corners are rounded, though the square will be fully
and accurately set out in both cases.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :-
A machine for drilling square holes, the essential feature of which is a three-sided
drill-spindle rotating in a square guide or its equivalent, as herein shown and
described.
Dated this 18th day of March 1889.
NEWTON & SON,
Agents for the Applicants.