IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH
Year: 1838

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM. THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, SAMUEL
PARKER, of Argyle Place, in the County of Middlesex, Lamp Maker,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Twelfth day of June, in the first year of Her reign, did,
for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Samuel Parker, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority,
that I, the said Samuel Parker, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Samuel Parker, my executors, administrators, or
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times during the term of years therein expressed, should aud
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and
the Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
LAMPS AND APPARATUS CONNECTED THEREWITH;" in which said Letters Patent
is contained a proviso that I, the said Samuel Parker, shall cause a
particular description of the nature of my said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in Her said Majesty's
High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately.
after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in, and by the
same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Samuel Parker, do hereby declare the nature of my Invention, and the

page_text: manner in which the same is to be performed, are fully described_and_
ascertained in and by the following statement thereof, reference being had
to the Drawings hereunto annexed and to the figures and letters marked
thereon (that is to say) :-
My Invention relates, first, to an improved construction of lamps; and,
secondly, to an improvement in the construction of shades for lamps. And in
order to give the best information in my power in order to facilitate the
carrying out of my Invention, I will proceed to describe the Drawings
hereunto annexed.
a
Figure 1 represents a table lamp constructed according to my Invention,
and Figure 2 is a section of the same lamp, but on larger scale.
In each of these Figures, as well as those hereafter referred to, the
a is an
same letters of reference are employed to indicate similar parts.
argand burner, but of a form somewhat different to those in ordinary use, the
arrangement shewn in the Drawing being adapted to the use of short wicks,
consequently dispensing with the screw or rack heretofore nécessary for raising
the wick. By this arrangement I am enabled to obtain an increased internal
air way when using a given diameter of cotton. The burner consists of the
internal tube a, around which is affixed a bolt or ring a', which forms a ridge
b is the external tube
on the outside of the tube a for supporting the cotton.
of the burner, which, it will be seen, is slightly lower than the top of the tube a.
c is a short tube sliding freely on the outside of the tube b, the tube c having
e is a
angular projections d, d, d, affixed thereto for supporting the chimney. e
rod affixed to the tube c, its lower end passing through an opening formed in
the metal projections f, which serves as a guide to the rod e. g is an axis
carrying a pinion which takes into teeth formed on the rod e, as is clearly
shewn in the Drawing. By this means the chimney may be raised or lowered
with facility, for, owing to the use of a short stationary wick with an enlarged
internal air way and a long chimney, I am enabled to regulate the flame with
great nicety by simply raising and lowering the chimney. i is the oil vessel,
consisting of the combination of two tubes i, ', leaving a cylindrical opening,
up which the chimney passes, as is clearly shewn in the Drawing. On the
upper part of the chimney there is applied a metal tube j, turned out at its
upper end in scollops, which touch the inner surface 2 of the oil vessel, by
which means the heat of the chimney is conducted to the oil vessel, which is
most desirable, as I have found that when using oil at a considerable degree
of temperature that a lamp will burn many more hours without trimming the
wick than when the oil is used at a temperature little above that of the
atmosphere in which it is burning, and the oil will as so burn a longer

page_text: time. I am aware that means have been before used of conveying heat by
metallic conductors in order to melt oils and fatty matters in lamps, but not
suitable for obtaining the degree of heat to which I find it necessary to raise
oils or fatty matters in lamps, in order to obtain the beneficial result which is
obtained by the peculiar construction of oil vessel and means applied to the
chimney above explained and clearly shewn in the Drawing, by which I am
enabled to obtain upwards of two hundred degrees of Fahrenheat and upwards.
k is a circular plate which will serve to conduct heat from a glass chimney, if
the upper or metallic top j be not used; ouch case the circular plate j
should fit on the glass chimney, and touch the inner surface of the tube i of
the oil vessel; but whatever be the chimney, it should be a long one, and I
have found that one of nine inches long to be the most efficient size, but I-do
not confine myself to this size. 1 is a tube affixed to the under part of the oil
vessel to conduct oil to the burner. m is a valve for closing the flow of oil to
the burner, the valve being at all times pressed down by a spring, as shewn in
the Drawing. To the valve is affixed a wire n, which proceeds through the
oil vessel, and is bent at. right angles at the upper end; hence, when such bent
end rests on the cover o of the opening where the oil is poured in to supply
the oil vessel, the valve will be, open, and on the contrary, when the bent end
is forced off the cover o, the spring will close the valve m, and the flow of oil to
the burner will be stopped. p,p, is a tube for supplying air to the oil vessel,
q being the opening through which the air passes into the oil vessel; and it is
important that the top of the opening q should be precisely level with the top
of the tube 6 of the burner, in order that the supply of oil to the burner should
depend upon the property of flowing, and not upon the capillary attraction of
the cotton by this means; I prevent the clogging effect to the cotton by
carbonization and deposit in the wick, which tends to put out the light when
capillary attraction is depended on; and in addition to obtaining a constant
supply of oil to the wick, no overflow will take place, and it will require the
lamp to be placed considerably out of the vertical position to cause an overflow
of any movement to the proper action of the lamp, owing to the opening q
being close to the burner, there being only sufficient space allowed for the
lower end of the chimney to move freely.
Figure 3 shews an oil vessel and burner for the different arrangement of valve
and supply of oil to the burner. The oil vessel is connected to the tube 7 of the
burner by a tube r which slides within the tube 1, the upper part of the tube r
forming the seat of the ball valve, as shewn in the Drawing. tis a rod or iron
fixed on the inside tube Z in such manner that it raises the valve off its scat
when the flow of oil is required to the burner. s is a stud affixed to the tube r,

page_text: 2
moving in a slit or opening formed in the tube 7 in order to regulate the end
of the tube ŕ in such manner that the point q shall be on the same level with
the top of the tube p of the burner; the valve of this arrangement will be
closed by raising the oil vessel i in such manner that the seat of the valve is
raised above the rod or wire t. Figure 4 shews another arrangement for
supplying the burner with oil from the oil vessel i. viš a hollow plug at the
upper part of this vessel i. wis a hollow plug or valve at the lower part of
the vessel i. x is a rod with square ends, there being a coiled spring around
it, which presses on the plugs v and w, and keeps them constantly up to their
seats. y is a handle affixed on the plug v, by which means that plug can be
turned round, and in turning the plug v, the plug w will also be turned, the
fod x acting as a means or key of communication between the plug v and the
plug w, as will readily be understood on examining Figure 4. (1) is an opening
which, being brought opposite the opening (2), allows the vessel i to be filled
with oil, care being observed not to fill so fast as to cause the oil to flow above
the opening (1), by which means there will at all times be space for the air to
pass away freely, (3) is an opening formed in the plug w, and (4) is an
opening formed in its seat, which being opened to each other allows the oil to flow
to the burner by the tube 1. (5) is an opening in the plug w, and (6) an
opening in its seat, which, being open to each other, will allow the passage of
air into the vessel i as the oil is consumed by the burner.
my Invention.
I will now proceed to describe the second part of
Figure 5 shews a shade constructed according to my Invention. It consists
of a length of paper, silk, or other suitable fabric, plaited, fluted, or folded into
a number of folds, and the two ends joined together. The plaiting or folding
is produced in what are called large crimping machines. In the upper part
of the shade are formed holes, through which a string A is past, by which
means I obtain the conical figure required. These shades are supported over
a lamp by means of a ring of wire C in the following manner :-B is a groove
by removing a portion of the inner angle of each of the folds; hence, when
the shade is put over the ring C, it will enter the groove or opening formed
in such angles, and support it, and at the same time keep in figure the shade,
as shewn in Figure 5 in the Drawing. These 'shades may be ornamented or
painted or printed, or otherwise. I would remark that shades of paper and
other fabrics have been before used, I do not therefore claim the same
generally, but only when constructed according to 'the mode herein described,
which offers the advantage of a much more extended surface for reflection of
the light, and of being folded into a small compass when not in use, and
readily applied to a lamp when desired.

page_text: Having thus described the nature of my Invention, I would remark that I
make no claim to any of the parts separately, and some of the parts may be
varied without departing from my Invention. But what I claim as my
Invention is,―
First, the mode of constructing and continuing the parts a, b, c, in such
manner as to regulate the flame by the aid of a long chimney, as above
described.
Secondly, I claim the mode of combining the use of an oil vessel (suitably
arranged) having the oil therein highly heated by means of the chimney,
together with the using the air tube 9 in a level with the outer
tube of the burner, as above described, whether it be used with a short or
long wick. And,
Thirdly, I claim the mode of constructing lamp shades as herein
described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Parker, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Twelfth day of December, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and thirty-eight.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twelfth day of December, in
the second year of the reign of Her Majesty Queen Victoria, the said Samuel
Parker came before our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknow-
ledged the Instrument aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained
and specified, in form above written. And also the Instrument aforesaid
was stamped according to the tenor of the Statute made in the fifty-fifth year
of the reign of His late Majesty King George the Third.
Inrolled the Twelfth day of December, One thousand eight hundred
and thirty-eight.