IMPROVEMENTS IN TELEPHONES
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jules Joas Barrier and Ferdinand Tourvieille de
Lavernède Electricians of 2 Boulevard de Strasbourg Paris in the Republic
of France for an Invention of IMPROVEMENTS IN TELEPHONES
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jules Joas Barrier and
Ferdinand Tourvieille de Lavernède at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents on the 8th August 1882.
JULES JOAS BARRIER and FERDINAND TOURVIEILLE DE LAVERNEDE, Electricians
IMPROVEMENTS
of 2 Boulevard de Strasbourg, Paris in the Republic of France
IN TELEPHONES"
The essential characteristics of the new and improved Telephone the subject of
the present invention is the application of Faradays magneto currents produced by
the reciprocating or backward and forward movements of a magnet in a bobbin or
reel with closed circuit
In rendering a practical application of Faraday's discovery serviceable to our
purpose we have arranged and combined the various parts composing the Telephone
in such a manner as to supply the current necessary for actuating the microphone,
as well as the current for the conveyance of speech from one point to another
without the use of piles.
The currents in our invention are produced by a magnet or a series of magnets,
which under the influence of vibrations transmitted by speech to a plate or
membrane, receive a very quick backward and forward movement which reproduces
the undulations of the membrane With this view the magnet or magnets are
suspended by means of threads, wires, or flexible blades, or other highly sensitive
organs inside a series of bobbins or reels which remain stationary whilst the
magnets perform their displacements.
The Telephone may also be constructed so as to arrange the parts inversely
that is to say the fixed magnet or magnets and the bobbins are inversely

page_text: .
disposed so that they repercuss the vibrations of the speaking plate or membrane
by reciprocation
The magnets are tubular and split, and they are consecutively arranged forming
a simple whole but having some isolated parts of bone, ebonite, or other suitable
substance, which parts correspond with other similar parts arranged inside the
bobbins, the first series of which latter are inducted directly by the magnets, and
the second are similarly acted on by the former. Each series is separated by a soft
iron cylinder, or preferably by a bundle of soft iron threads or wires.
A final envelope covers the extreme bobbins this envelope is enclosed in the
body of the apparatus the journals of which pivot in a forked lever itself pivoting
on a support.
The magnets are suspended to the bobbins by aid of three, series of springs
sustaining the magnets concentrically to the bobbins and allowing of their displace-
ment in the direction of the longitudinal axis.
The receiver is formed of an embouchure whose crown is solid by screwing it to
the outer envelope and to the body of the Telephone both of which are provided
with rings for the purpose. The vibrating plate is locked between the crown of
the embouchure a ring and two intermediate rundles of india-rubber.
The embouchure is furnished with a soft iron ring externally which in conjunc-
tion with the magnet of the striker forms a signalling armature.
The transmitter comprises an embouchure with an annular armature of soft iron.
Bolts or screws render the shoulder solid with the rings by locking the vibrating
membrane on the isolating crowns of india rubber, to this latter the speaking plate
is connected by a central axis, this plate repercusses by amplifying the vibrations
of the membrane on the microphone. For this purpose the membrane is pierced
with three holes equidistant and about 5 millimètres from the edge for the reception
of three small charcoal or selenium cylinders cut in points, which put the membrane
in communication with the microphone. This latter bears two charcoal crowns,
having 10 to 20 conical holes, in which are as many charcoal cylinders each cut as
described to a point.
One of the crowns is fixed to the body of the Telephone whilst the other is
merely supported by the three pointed cylinders which rest parallel with the
speaking plate.
Thus established the Telephone is mounted on the support referred to (which
has two branches) by means of a forked lever, which embraces the journals of the
apparatus.
At the opposite end the journals are connected with the shaft which bears the
pressing knob or button employed for rocking the apparatus.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Jules Joas Barrier and Ferdinand Tourvieille de Lavernède in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 6th February 1883.
JULES JOAS BARRIER and FERDINAND TOURVIEILLE DE LAVERNEDE Electricians
of 2 Boulevard de Strasbourg Paris in the Republic of France IMPROVEMENTS IN
TELEPHONES
The improved Telephone the subject of the present invention is essentially
characterized by the application herein made of the Farady magneto currents,
produced by the backward and forward movements of a magnet in a bobbin or
coil with closed circuit. In reducing Faraday's discovery to a practical application
we have arranged and combined the various parts composing the Telephone, in
such a manner as to supply (without the use of piles) the current necessary for
actuating the microphone, if the instrument has one, as well as the current requisite
for the conveyance of speech from one point to another.
The currents in the construction about to be described in connection with the
accompanying drawings are produced by a magnet, or a series of magnets, which
under the influence of vibrations transmitted by speech to a plate or membrane
receive a very quick backward and forward movement, reproducing or repeating
the undulations of the membrane. With this view the magnet or magnets are
suspended by means of threads, wires or flexible blades, or other highly sensitive
organs inside a series of coils which remain stationary whilst the magnets perform
their displacements We may also observe that another construction may be
adopted in arranging the system inversely that is to say the magnet or magnets
may be stationary and the bobbins or coils so arranged that they repercuss by
reciprocation the vibrations of the speaking plate or membrane.
Fig 1 is a longitudinal section of the improved Telephone. Fig 2 represents
the Telephone mounted on a support and connected to the apparatus intended to
give the signal such for instance as the Breguet "push." The magnets a. a¹, a²,
are tubular and split, they are consecutively arranged one after the other, and forin
a simple whole but having some isolated or insulated parts b. b. of bone, ebonite,
or other suitable substance, which parts correspond with other like parts c. c¹
arranged inside the coils or bobbins d. d³, d², g. g¹. g². the first d¹. d, are
inducted directly by the magnets, and the second are similarly acted on by the
former. The series d. d. d², and g. g¹. g² are separated by a soft iron cylinder e,
or preferably by a bundle of soft iron threads or wires. A final envelope / covers
the extreme bobbins g. g¹. g, this envelope is enclosed in the body of the
apparatus with journals j, for mounting the apparatus so as to pivot in the fork l',
of a lever l. 1. (Fig 2) itself pivoting on a support 8. The magnets a. a'. a² are
suspended to the coils d. d. d by means of three series of springs r, (more or less)
which keep these magnets concentrically with the coils and allow them the
displacements in the direction of the horizontal axis. The receiver is formed of
an embouchure m, whose crown m³ is fixed by screwing or otherwise to the
envelope h, and to the body k of the Telephone; both of which are for this purpose
provided with rings h¹. k¹, but between m¹ and the ring h, and two intermediate
india rubber rings n. n', the vibrating plate p, is locked. Externally the
embouchure m is furnished with a soft iron ring q, which makes it [in conjunction
with the magnet x, of the "push"] a signaling armature. The transmitter
comprises an embouchure t. t with annular armature q' of soft iron, which parts
are similar to those m. m' and q. Bolts or screws render the shoulder t' solid

page_text: with the rings h² and ² by locking the vibrating membrane v, on the isolating
crowns o of india rubber. To this membrane the speaking plate v¹ is connected
by means of a central axis vº. The plate v¹, repercusses by amplifying the
vibrations of the membrane v on the microphone. For this purpose this plate v¹
is pierced with three holes equidistant and about 5 millimètres from the edge, for
the reception of three small charcoal or selenium cylinders w cut pointedly, which
put it in communication with the microphone. The latter comprises two charcoal
crowns y. bearing in 10 or 20 conical holes as many charcoal cylinders with
points 2. The crown y is fixed to the body k of the apparatus whilst that y' is
merely sustained by the three pointed cylinders w which rest parallel on the
speaking plate. The microphone may be done away with without affecting the
action of the Telephone. Thus established the Telephone is mounted (Fig 2) on
the support 8 with two branches by aid of a forked lever, l, which embraces the
journals j, which at the opposite end are connected with the shaft l, of the button (².
This support & is fixed on a table 91 by means of screws or bolts. Finally x', is
the bobbin of the "push" and x is the magnet as already mentioned.
"
Action of the Telephone-Supposing that in the position Fig 2 the apparatus
has the reception embouchure in front for communicating with some station place
or person it suffices to press the button 12 and cause the Telephone to rock so as to
reverse it end for end and bring the receiving embouchure in contact with the
magnet x. The moment the apparatus and the magnet are separated the current
produced in the coil or bobbin gives the signal at the station or to the person
communicated with; one has then only to listen at the receiver when the signal is
returned. In sending a reply the button 12 is again pressed for signaling and the
Telephone is rocked as described for putting the speaker in front. The wires f. f¹
are connected with the journals j. j. and unite with the bobbins or coils and the
vibrating plates. One fis directly connected to the line of communication and the
The poles of the
other to the ground. Fig 5 shows the action of the currents.
magnet x. of the "push are spread out so that the rings q. q¹ of the embouchures
of the Telephone exactly fit them. It is understood that the coils or bobbins x¹ of
this apparatus are connected to an electro magnet for putting a bell or alarm in
motion in the ordinary manner. When speaking through the embouchure t, the
plate v, vibrates from its centre to its circumference. The plate v¹ vibrates in
an inverse sense by approaching the magnet a, and the telephonic phenomena are
produced. But the magnet a freely suspended, participates in the movements of the
plate v', which movements transform it into backward and forward movements
within the coil or bobbin d. d. d³. A current is produced in the bobbin which is.
alternate and of short duration which magnetizes the bundles c, and inducts the
second series of bobbins or coils g. g. 9². The current of the bobbins d. d. d²
traverses the microphone and thence passes to the telephonic line, but that of the
bobbins g.g.g passes directly to it. It will be seen that the plate p of the receiver
is first actuated by the magnet, next by the bundle e, which changes its polarity at
each motion of the magnet and finally by the envelope h, whose ends or rings h'.h³
form a magnetic crown round them Moreover it will be observed that this same
plate of the receiver is always subjected to the greatest intensity or maximum
of magnetism of two magnets, the inner one a. a. a² which is suspended, and the
external one x producing the signal. This plate is so to speak immersed in a
magnetic centre which greatly increases the intensity of the phonetic vibrations.
Fig 3 shows another arrangement Fig 4 is a transverse section following the
line 1. 2. The magnet a. a. a² is suspended to the case k by flexible blades 7.
At one end the magnet is surrounded by others of horse shoe form A. A'. the ends
of whose branches bent up at an angle approach the magnets a². Those A. A¹ at
the bends are surrounded by a coil B. At the other end the magnet a moves in a
bobbin or coil C, put in communication with B, by one or more threads or wires F.
The vibrations of the speaking plates are borne on the suspended magnet a. a². a²
in alternate rectilinear displacements which pass through the magnets A. A', and
'thence to the line of communication In an inverse manner the vibrations

page_text: transmitted by the line being returned the receiving plate makes the same
rectilinear alternate displacements.
What is claimed as the invention is :—
1st The novel application to Telephones of the physical principal discovered by
Faraday consisting in the production of magnetic currents by means of a recipro-
cating or backward' and forward movement of a magnet placed within a bobbin or
coil with closed circuit.
2nd The disposition of the magnet a. a¹. a² suspended concentrically by aid of
springs, flexible blades, or otherwise to the first bobbins or coils d. d. d2, so as to
be perfectly free to receive the backward and forward movements under the
influence of the vibrations of the receiving and speaking plates of the embouchure
of the apparatus.
3rd The concentric arrangement of the bobbins d. d. d. and g.g². g², separated by
the soft iron cylinder, or a bundle of iron wires or threads e: of the soft iron case h,
with rings h¹. h³, for forming a magnetic crown in connection with the vibrating
plates.
4 The application to the speaker of two vibrating plates v. v¹, one of which is
merely fixed at its centre to amplify the vibrations, and transmit them moro easily
to the microphone.
5th The construction of the double crown y. y' of the microphone in charcoal,
supported on the points and w, also of charcoal or selenium; this body having
the property when in contact with charcoal of producing a current which increases
the sensibility of the microphone; which latter may however be dispensed with,
without in any way affecting the action of the other parts.
6th The mode of mounting the Telephone on the support & with lever l. 1. 12. and
putting it in communication by a simple motion with a "push" of the Breguet
description.
7th The disposition of the magnet suspended between horse shoe or other shaped
magnets, round which is a bobbin put in communication with another bobbin or
coil placed round the opposite end of the suspended magnet.
8th The suppression of piles as at present used for producing the current requisite
for signaling and for working the Telephone. The constituent parts of the
apparatus may be varied as well in arrangement as in form materials of
construction and dimensions, without departure from the principles of action.
Special claim being made to the right of inverting the construction, that is to say;
the magnet or magnets being fixed, and the bobbins or coils mounted so as to
receive backward and forward motion under the influence of the vibrations of the
plates of the embouchures and so produce in an inverse manner the Faraday
magneto currents, the basis of our invention.
In witness whereof we the said Jules Joas Barrier and Ferdinand Tourvieille
de Lavernede have hereunto set our hands and seals this third of
February in the Year of Our Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty
three.
J. J. BARRIER
(L..S.)
F. TOURVIEILLE DE LAVERNÈDE (L.S.)