IMPROVEMENTS IN OR IN CONNECTION WITH APPARATUS OR MACHINERY
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Henry Hammond and Edwin Hammond, both of
Winchester, in the County of Hants, Gunmakers, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR IN CONNECTION WITH APPARATUS OR MACHINERY
LETTERS PATENT to Henry Hammond and Edwin Hammond, both of
Winchester, in the County of Hants, Gunmakers, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR IN CONNECTION WITH APPARATUS OR MACHINERY
FOR HOLDING CARTRIDGE CASES IN FILLING FRAMES, AND FOR TURNING THEM
DOWN"
.Sealed the 19th January 1875, and dated the 21st July 1874.
.
.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Henry Hammond and
Edwin Hammond at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 21st July 1874.
We, HENRY HAMMOND and EDWIN HAMMOND, both of Winchester,
in the County of Hants, Gunmakers, do hereby declare the nature.
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN OR IN CONNECTION WITH APPA-
.RATUS OR MACHInery for HoldinG CARTRIDGE CASES IN FILLING FRAMES, AND FOR
TURNING THEM Down," to be as follows:-
Heretofore much trouble and time has been expended in order to
turn down the ends of cartridge cases after they have been filled in the

page_text: "
machine, and unsuccessful attempts have been made to provide means
for doing this without removing the filled cases from the apparatus.
In the Specification of a Patent granted to James Erskine, the 23
March 1866, No. 868, there is a description given, with reference to
Figure 11, of an apparatus for turning down the edges, but in practice
it is not found to answer because there is no provision made for holding
the cartridges, while the turning down is accomplished, except when pin
cartridges are being turned down, in which case there are slots provided
for the pins to rest in, and these naturally hold them, but for the central
fire cartridges there is no provision made.
The first part of our Invention consists in the employment of and in
the addition to the under side of machines for holding and for filling
cartridges of rods extending from one end of the frame to the other,
and preferably so arranged as to be adjacent to the sides of two rows of
cases. The rods are provided with ribs or projections at intervals apart
at or at about the central part of each case; the projections or ribs are
only on a portion of the circumference of the rods and are so arranged
that by turning the rods the ribs or projections thereon can be caused to
abut against the flanged ends of the cartridges, or to be removed there-
from as required. Thus when it is wished to secure the cartridge cases
and to prevent them from turning in their frames it is only necessary to
turn the rods in such manner as to cause the ribs or projections to press
against the cartridge rims as aforesaid; in this way all the cases in the
frame can at one and the same time, if desired, be securely held and
prevented from turning or moving in any way until released. The rods
may be turned and locked by handles on the outside of frame, or by
thumbscrew or otherwise, as found most convenient. All the rods
may, if desired, be connected and turned simultaneously.
The next part of our Invention refers to the machinery which we
employ for turning down the cases.
We will describe the apparatus with reference to an "Erskine"
filling frame or table now generally employed for this purpose, in which
provision is made for a hundred cases to be filled, having ten in a row.
On each side of the filling frame or table we have a bar, which bars act
as guides to frames on each side, free to slide from end to end of the
cbars; one end of this sliding frame has a bar extending across the filling
<table and connecting together the two sliding frames. This cross bar

page_text: 41
'
carries a forked lever or levers terminating at one end in a handle which
can be raised or lowered at pleasure. On the sides of the filling frame
or table there are apertures gauged at such distances apart as to come
exactly or as nearly as may be in a line with the centre of the
cartridge holes in the filling frame or table; there is a pin on each side
in connection with the forked lever afore aid, which can when required
be placed in or removed from the aperturs in the sides; operated also
by the same lever is a rising and falling frame free to slide up and down
on guides in the sides of the slides. This rising and falling frame
extends across the table and has on its under side ten caps or rings or
any number corresponding with the number of cases in one or more
rows in the frame; these caps or rings are on rods passing through the
rising and falling frame, and connected at top to a series of bars or levers
in connection with a handle or handles arranged as or in combination as
a parallel motion, in such manner that by communicating a rotary
motion to the handle or handles all the levers together with their
spindles and caps have a simultaneous rotary motion imparted to them.
Thus to turn down, say ten cartridges in a frame as aforesaid, we place
the apparatus just described on the frame, and adjust the same over the row
of cartridges to be turned down; the hand lever is then depressed which
causes the pins or rods at sides to enter the apertures in frame, and the
caps or rings to come over and to cover the cartridges; the pressure is
regulated by the pressure on the lever; then by turning the handle of
the parallel motion frame above, all the row of cartridges are at one and
the same time simultaneously turned down. This done, the hand lever
is raised and the apparatus passed on to the next row, and so on for as
many rows as are to be turned down.
7
-
Apparatus of this description can be used and applied with great
facility to filling frames known as "Erskines," or they may be used
separately and distinctly therefrom, the apparatus being a distinct and
new apparatus capable of being applied with facility and to be.used.in
combination with known apparatus for filling cartridges, or as an adjunct
thereto, or separate therefrom, according to circumstances.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Henry Hammond and Edwin Hammond in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 21st January 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, HENRY
HAMMOND and EDWIN HAMMOND, both of Winchester, in the County
. of Hants, Gunmakers, send greeting..
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of July, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the
thirty-eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suċ-
cessors, give and grant unto us, the said Henry Hammond and Edwin
Hammond, Her special licence, that we, the said Henry Hammond and
Edwin Hammond, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as we, the said Henry Hammond and Edwin Hammond, our
"executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and
no others, from time to time, and at all times thereafter during the term
"therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exércise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
OR IN CONNECTION WITH APPARATUS OR MACHINERY FOR HOLDING CARTRIDGE CASÉS
IN FILLING FRAMES AND FOR TURNING THEM DOWN," upon the condition
(amongst others) that we, the said Henry Hammond and Edwin
Hammond, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
` under our, or one of our, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Henry Hammond and Edwin
Hammond, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention; and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement, reference being had
to the accompanying Drawings, and to the letters of reference marked
thereon, that is to say:-
Heretofore much trouble and time has been expended in order to

page_text: turn down the ends of cartridge cases after they have been filled in the
machine, and unsuccessful attempts have been made to provide means
for doing this without removing the filled cases from the apparatus.
In the Specification of a Patent granted to James Erskine, the 23
March 1866, No. 868, there is a description given, with reference to
Figure 11, of an apparatus for turning down the edges, but in practice
it is not found to answer, because there is no provision made for holding
the cartridges while the turning down is accomplished, except when pin
cartridges are being turned down, in which case there are slots provided
for the pins to rest in, and these naturally hold them, but for the central
fire cartridges there is no provision made.
The first part of our Invention consists in the employment of and in
the addition to the under side of machines for holding and for filling
cartridges of rods extending from one end of the frame to the other,
and preferably so arranged as to be adjacent to the sides of two rows of
cases. The rods are provided with ribs or projections at intervals apart
at or at about the central part of each case; the projections or ribs are
only on a portion of the circumference of the rods and are so arranged
that by turning the rods the ribs or projections thereon can be caused to
abut against the flanged ends of the cartridges, or to be removed there-
from as required. Thus when it is wished to secure the cartridge cases
and to prevent them from turning in their frames, it is only necessary to
turn the rods in such manner as to cause the ribs or projections to press
against the cartridge rims as aforesaid; in this way all the cases in the
frame can at one and the same time, if desired, be securely held and
prevented from turning or moving in any way until released. The rods
may be turned and locked by handles on the outside of frame, or by
thumbscrew or otherwise, as found most convenient. All the rods
may, if desirid be connected and turned simultaneously.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings is a view of a portion of a
rod made according to our Invention.
Figure 2 is a view of a similar rod showing the ribs or projections.
thereon, with a cranked handle at one end for turning the said rod when
required to do so.
Figure 3 is a view of the under side of the filling frame with the
aforesaid locking rods applied thereto; the under side of the frame iş

page_text: shown in order to illustrate in as clear a manner as possible how the
ribs or projections act upon the cartridge rims, and securely hold the
cartridges in place.
Figure 4 is a view in section of two adjacent cartridge case holders,
showing the rod also in section and how it is caused to grip and hold
the cases. a, a, a, a, are the rods; b, b, are the ribs or projections
thereon; c, c, c, c, are the handles on ends of rods a, a, and outside
frame d of case; e, e, Figure 4, are the cartridge cases; e¹, e¹, are the
bars against which cases abut. By reference to Figure 3 it will be scen
that the rods a with projections b, b, are shown placed between a row of
cases e, e, so that one rod operates upon two rows of cases. Of course
this arrangement may be varied with, for example, a separate rod used
for cach separate row of cartridge cases, but we prefer to use, as shown,
only one rod for each two rows of cases. The cartridge cases to be
filled are placed in the frame, filled and rammed in the ordinary way,
then to secure them and to prevent them from turning while, the edges
thereof are being turned down as in the process about to be described,
we turn the rods a, a, by the handles c, c, until the ribs or projec-
tions b, b, on the said rods a, a, are caused to come against and to
grip the metal bases of the cartridges, which latter are thus prevented
from the possibility of turning so long as the ribs b, b, are caused to
abut against the bases.
Figure 5 shows in plan a view of a portion of the under side of the
apparatus for filling cartridges somewhat modified in its arrangement to
that previously described. Instead of using fixed bars in the frame. for
the cartridges to bear against, we dispense with the bars altogether, and
substitute for them the link pieces e¹, e¹, which are placed in recesses, so
as to come underneath the rods a, a, which press on and keep the
links in position; the cartridge cases themselves are locked in thé manner
first described.
.
Figure 6 shows another modification where we employ a sliding bar a
instead of a revolving bar as in the two previous cases. To lock the
cases the bar is drawn forward by the thumbscrew a¹, when the projec-
tions b, b, thereon are caused to grip the cases and to securely hold them.
To unlock them the thumbscrew is turned in the contrary direction; and
the bar a forced backwards.

page_text: The next part of our Invention refers to the machinery which we
employ for turning down the cases.
"
"Erskine
We will describe the apparatus with reference to an
filling frame or table now generally employed for this purpose. On
each side of the filling frame or table we have a bar, which bar acts as
guides to frames on each side, free to slide from end to end of the
bars; one end of this sliding frame has a bar extending across the filling
table and connecting together the two sliding frames. This cross bar
carries a forked lever or levers terminating at one end in a handle which
can be raised or lowered at pleasure. On the sides of the filling frame
or table there are apertures gauged at such distances apart as to come
exactly or as nearly so as may be in a line with the centre of the
cartridge holes in the filling frame or table; there is a pin on each side
in connection with the forked lever aforesaid, which can, when required,
be placed in or removed from the apertures in the sides; operated also
by the same lever is a rising and falling frame free to slide up and down
on guides in the sides of the slides. This rising and falling frame
extends across the table and has caps or rings on its under side in any
number corresponding with the number of cases in one or more rows in.
the frame. These caps or rings are on rods passing through the rising
and falling frame, and connected at top to a series of bars or levers in
connection with a handle or handles arranged as or in combination as a
parallel motion in such manner that by communicating a rotary motion
to the handle or handles all the levers together with their spindles and
caps have a simultaneous rotary motion imparted to them:
.
Figure 7 is a view in side elevation of this apparatus showing the
pressing lever down, and Figure 8 is a similar view showing the same
lever up, and with the pressure removed.
1
. Figure 9 is an end view partly in section of the same apparatus,
and Figure 10 is a plan of same; Figure 11 is a side elevation, and
Figure 12 is a plan of under side of the turning down head or socket
shown detached; Figure 13 is a section through A, A, and Figure 14 is
a section through B, B, both of Figure 12. ff, are the bars or guides
for carrying the frame free to slide when required from end to end of the
bars ff; his bar across frame, and i, i, are the two sliding frames; k
is forked lever; 1, handle to same; m, m, are the apertures on the sides
of filling frame set at such intervals apart as to be in a line with the

page_text: .
centre of cartridge cases; n, n, are the pins taking into apertures m, m; o
is rising and falling frame through which the rods p, p, pass, carrying
underneath the frame o the caps q, q; ", ", are bars connected at one
end to the rods p, p, and at the other to the bar s, which is parallel with
the frame o; t,, t, are rods also linked to bar s, and themselves con-
nected together, by bar a, one end of which is provided with a handle v;
w is a pin passing through the turning down caps, as shown clearly at
Figures 10 and 11.
The action of this part of the apparatus is as follows:-We place the
apparatus just described on the frames f,f, and adjust the position of
same over the row of cartridges to be turned down; the hand lever k is
then depressed, which causes the pins or rods n, n, at sides to enter the
apertures m, m, in frame, and the caps or rings q, q, to come over and to
cover the cartridges; the pressure is regulated by the pressure on the
lever by the handle 7, then by turning the handle of the parallel
motion frame above, all the row of cartridges are at one and the same
time simultaneously turned down. This done the hand lever k is raised
and the pins n, n, of the apparatus passed on to the next row of holes m,
and so on for as many rows as are to be turned down. :
v
Apparatus of the description described can be used and applied with
great facility to filling frames known as "Erskines," or they may be
used separately and distinctly therefrom. The apparatus being a distinct
and new apparatus capable of being applied with facility and to be used
in combination with known apparatus for filling cartridges or as an
adjunct thereto or separate therefrom according to circumstances.
.
Having now described the nature of our said Invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that we claim,-
First. The employment of and the addition to the under side of
machines for holding and for filling cartridges of rods or links extending
from one end of the frame to the other, and carrying projections in such
manner that when the rods are turned or moved in one direction the
projections are caused to grip and to hold the cartridge cases while they
are being turned down, all constructed and operating substantially in the
manner described and illustrated in the accompanying Drawings.
L
Second. The construction and employment of apparatus or machinery a
for turning down cartridges, consisting of a series of caps caused to be

page_text: simultaneously adjusted over a row of cartridges in the filling frame,
and to be simultaneously turned so that the whole row is turned down
at one and the same time; the said caps and apparatus connected there-
with being caused to operate and the required pressure. obtained in and
by the mechanical arrangement described and illustrated in the accom-
panying Drawings, together with any mere modifications thereof.
Third. The employment of machinery or apparatus for turning down
cartridges, constructed and acting substantially as described, in com-
bination with a filling frame known as an Erskine filling frame.
In witness whereof, I, the said Henry Hammond, for myself and
on behalf of the said Edwin Hammond, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of January, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five.