An Improved Inspection Frame and Grate or Gully Apparatus Connected with Drains and Sewers and the like.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 23rd Oct., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 19th July, 1894-Accepted, 20th Oct., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Inspection Frame and Grate or Gully Apparatus
Connected with Drains and Sewers and the like.
HERBERT WHITE Estate Foreman 1 Cluster Buildings Belper Derbyshire do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows :—
My invention is designed to provide an inspection frame and grate, that may be
used as an ordinary road or street grate, and if necessity arises, converted into a
single stench trap and inspection way to drain or sewer; or may be applied to form
a double gully as hereinafter described for use in roads streets cottages &c. thus
acting as a preventative where required against sewer and other gases, passing up
into the roads, streets etc., to the annoyance of the travelling public; and also for
giving direct access to drains and sewers in case of stoppage by allowing examination
of drains or sewers without breaking of roads streets and the like.
In carrying out my invention I provide a rebated or grooved frame of any usual
shape or size required, such rebate or groove being on the inside of frame and
sufficiently deep to contain enough water to make a stench proof joint; the grate
being fastened to the frame, either by hinge link, or other attachment; the opposite
ends or sides having one or more lugs on, to allow of a cavity or space between the
frame and grate to permit water to pass without obstruction and fall directly into
the rebate or groove of frame the water thus sealing the joint (when a movable
trap is inserted) and then passing onwards into the said movable trap which has a
reversed rebate or groove around the upper edge to that described on frame; the
movable trap being for the purpose of easy cleansing and for giving direct access
to inspect, and flush the drain in case of stoppage to same, also acting as a sludge
or dirt interceptor.
In this case the frame and grate answers a twofold purpose:—
1st. It can be fixed as an ordinary frame and grate for open drains sewers and
the like.
2nd. It may be converted into a single trap without. incuring further alterations
by simply placing a movable stench trap into the rebate or groove of frame.
In some cases I provide that the frames will fit into the obuoy or flange of any
ordinary sanitary pipe, bend, or elbow, by bedding the frame in cement, thus
preventing any sewerage matter or gas passing into the ground around.
For hotels restaurants and houses where there is much grease and refuse it can
be applied, as an interceptor of same, by preventing the usual blockage of sink pipe
with cold fatty matter; and also stopping cold draughts and smells passing back
into the house.
Round the upper edge of frame I may cast or fasten a broad piece of dished or
slanting metal, concrete, or other material, to form what is usually termed a grate-
stone, thus making the frame of grate, and gratestone in one piece, so that where
required they may be placed on the top of any gully with the usual openings in
the side for rain water etc. thus making a double trap as hereinafter described more
fully; the top trap catching any yard refuse or dirt from the surface and keeping
the bottom trap sealed and clean.
The double traps for roads, streets, etc. is constructed in the following manner.
The outer case of trap may be made preferably of glazed earthenware concrete,

page_text: metal or other material, usually used for this purpose, and made to the usual sizes
and shapes and is so formed that it makes an ordinary trapped gully, excepting
that near to the top of this outer case I provide a connecting pipe from or near the
top of pipe end, and which is connected to drain pipe to end next the outer case;
and at that end next the outer case I provide an oval flange made to receive a corre-
sponding movable lid, and having preferably an indiarubber ring or washer with a
wedge slotted pin fastened in to receive a wedge shaped cotter or other contrivance,
so that when the said cotter is driven home it thoroughly secures the lid from any
sewer gas or smells passing thereby; the said movable lid being made so; to allow
direct access for examination and flushing of drain in case of stoppage by means of
hose pipe or other apparatus.
On the top of this outer case I fix a similar frame and grate as described on
page 1 into this frame, I place a movable trap as described on page 1, and having
a handle or handles on to lift and empty the said movable trap or sludge box into
Local Board or other carts: and as will be seen when the upper or movable trap is
emptied the bottom trap remains sealed; In some districts where there is the
ordinary brick or other receptacles existing, I may utilize this frame and grate and
movable trap and thus make a double trap without further alterations for the
purpose of easy cleansing and thus abate the nuisance of sewer gas passing up into
the roads and streets after cleansing of same.
In some cases I may attach a button or catch or other fastener to the grate to
prevent the movable trap being removed etc.
Dated this 21st day of October 1893.
HERBERT WHITE,
Cluster Buildings, Belper.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Inspection Frame and Grate or Gully Apparatus
Connected with Drains and Sewers and the like.
HERBERT WHITE Estate Foreman 1 Cluster Buildings Belper Derbyshire do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
My invention consists in the combination and arrangement of a frame and grate
forming and constituting an apparatus to be used in roads, streets, stables, yards,
dwelling houses, and the like, as a means of taking any water or liquid away; that
would foul by standing any length of time, the said grate and frame being so
constructed that it may be converted into a stench trap or gully apparatus, by the
insertion of a movable trapped sludge box into the said frame, thus preventing any
sewer, or other gases passing from the sewers or drains into the public roads, streets,
and the like. This frame and grate being so arranged that it may be applied to
form a doubly trapped gully; for giving absolute security, against sewer gas; easy
cleansing; and direct flushing, and inspection of drains when required.
I will now proceed to describe with reference to the accompanying drawings the
manner in which my invention is constructed using similar letters to refer to similar
parts throughout the various drawings.
Figure 1. represents half top plan of frame shewing internal groove a representing
the female joint to receive and hold water or silt; also recesses c, to receive the
lugs of grate as described afterwards.
Figure 2. represents half of top plan of frame with half of grate hinged in
position, shewing lugs on grate d, which fit into corresponding recesses c in frame
of Figure 1, thus allowing a greater water space in grate than is usually obtained
in the ordinary grates and frames.

page_text: Figure 3. represents section of frame of Figures 1 and 2 thro' A B, with hinged
grate in position; the internal groove, a, being sufficiently deep to hold enough
water or silt, (when movable trapped sludge box Figure 4 is inserted,) to make a
stench proof joint; thus enabling it to be converted from an ordinary frame and
grate into a stench trap.
Figure 4. represents sectional elevation of movable trapped sludge box, shewing
male joint,, which when inserted into internal groove, a, of frame thoroughly
secures the joint, (after water is poured therein) against any sewer gases passing
the said joint, or shield of trap.
Figure 5. represents sectional elevation of Figures 1. 2. 3 and 4, with grate part
raised, and having a link fastened on, on the underside of grate, so that when the
grate falls into position, the link slips over on to a small book fastened on inside of
frame, thereby automatically locking the grate and preventing the grate being
raised mischeviously.
On the underside of frame, in some cases, may attach a reducing piece, e,
forming part of frame to connect the frame outlet, g, to a smaller pipe such as lead,
iron, or sanitary earthenware usually used in drains.
The inovable trap sludge box is shewn in position; and as will be seen, directly
water is poured on frame it runs into groove, a, sealing that joint; then onwards
into movable trap sludge box, ff, sealing that likewise; then onwards thro'
outlet, g, into drain or sewer.
Figure 6. represents dished frame, h, with hinged grate attached thereto, and
thrown back; shewing part of frame fixed into socket, or flange of pipe, or gulley, i,
shewing groove, a, of frame, into which the movable trap Figure 4 may be inserted
into frame if required, to prevent escape of sewer gas, or evaporation of water out
of bottom trap.
I also provide the usual openings, j, in the side of pipe, or gully, to admit of rain
water and other pipes being connected between the two traps.
Figure 7. represents part perspective and sectional elevation of the doubly
trapped street gully, shewing section of outer case of gully, k, up to line, 11,
made of earthenware, concrete, or metal, also shewing section of frame and grate,
and movable trapped sludge box ff; and movable plug, m, arrangement, when
fixed in position; of which I give an enlarged section Figure 10 further on.
Figure 8. represents plan of frame with hinged part of grate removed to shew
internal groove, a, of frame, the other half of grate as shewn being supported by
lugs, fitting into corresponding recesses in frame, this portion being same in
arrangement as Figures 1 and 2, but for streets and the like, I may place two
hinges as at Figures 9, 11 and 12, this frame and grate fitting on the top of outer
case, k, at line 17, and carrying movable trapped sludge box ff.
Figure 9. represents section of Figure 7 thro' E. F. shewing half of movable
trapped sludge box in position, also outer case with internal grooved frame, a, fixed
thereon.
Figure 10. represents enlarged front end, and side section of movable plug, m,
with indiarubber washer, n, thereon, and having the wedge shaped cotter inserted
into slot, o, and permitting it to pass through pin, p, so that when the cotter is
driven tightly, it closes the joint between outer case, k, and movable plug, m,
thoroughly securing the joint against any sewer gas passing thereby.
The object of this plug being movable, is; to obtain direct access to drain in
case of stoppage in same, between gully and sewer, also to enable the flushing of
drain without breaking of roads, and streets.
Figure 11. represents part perspective and sectional elevation, shewing arrange-
ment of frame, grate and movable trapped sludge box ff, in position, as applied to
any ordinary street, or road gullies.
Figure 12. represents plan of trame with part of grate hinged, the lugged portion
of grate removed; shewing corner bearers,, on which grate rests in ense of lugs
breaking off grate, the grate would thus be held firmly in position.

page_text: Figure 13. represents plan and elevation of fastening arrangement of street
grates to frames, which is worked by applying a key, corresponding to the triangular
end, 9, of shaft, and shaped so as to lock or unlock the other end into frame as shewn ;
thus preventing unauthorized persons tampering with the apparatus. Where desired
I may apply fastening arrangement as described at Figure 5.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :
1st. The invention as illustrated and described to be used for the purpose
described.
2nd. The improvements in frames and grates is: (as shewn at Figures 1, 2, 5, 7,
8, 11 and 12,) by having an internal groove attached to frame, this frame and grate
can be used as an ordinary frame and grate for common purposes, and if necessity
arises, be converted into a stench trap, by placing into groove of frame, a, a
movable stench trap as illustrated by Figure 4. I am aware this internal groove
is used for manhole coverers and the like, but not applied in this particular way and
purpose for stench traps or gullies.
3rd. The improvements in this form of trap, when fixed to sinkstones for hotels,
restaurants, dwelling houses, and the like, is, by dispensing with the usual syphon
pipe, bell trap, and common grid, for as will be seen at Figure 5, the outlet, g, may
be attached either by union joint, or soldered on to the lead, or other pipe, thus
affording thorough cleanliness, by allowing the movable trapped box being removed
and cleansed, and also scouring the inside of outer case with a brush, the drain pipe
being fixed in a nearly straight line so that no refuse can stop therein to make a
blockage in the said pipe. It also acts as a preventative against sewer, and other
stench, or cold draughts being drawn up pipe into dwelling.
4th. The improvements in traps being fixed on the top of any ordinary sanitary
pipe, bend, elbow, or gully, affording direct access to drain in case of floods, or
stoppage, and for the purpose of liberating same without breaking up of roads,
streets, and yards.
Where required I may have a piece of dished metal, concrete; or earthenware,
into which the frame of trap is fastened so that when fixed on the top of pipe,
hend, elbow, or gully, it practically forms one picce as illustrated at Figure 6, thus
dispensing with the joint of trap and gratestone, through which sewer, and other
gases pass in the ordinary way of fixing same.
5th. The improvements in doubly trapped street gullies, for use by Corporations,
Local Boards, and property owners, is; that this trap apparatus affords easy and
thorough cleansing, by lifting out the trapped sludge box, (made preferably of
galvanized iron) which contains sludge, silt, and street refuse, and emptying directly
into Local Board carts, or vehicles; thereby saving a great amount of time and
labour, during the process of cleansing, for as will be seen when the top trapped
sludge box is placed in position empty; the bottom trap remains sealed, thus
preventing the sewer gas escaping into the roads, streets, and the like, also by this
arrangement direct access is given to drain, connecting gully apparatus to sewer;
by knocking out the wedge shaped cotter, and removing movable plug, the drain
rods may be easily sent down drain to liberate any stoppage therein, without
breaking of roads, streets, and without stopping traffic.
6th. The improvements in frames and grates, as applied to existing street traps,
or gullies, as seen at Figure 11, this frame, grate, and movable trapped sludge box,
may be adapted to existing metal, concrete, sanitary earthenware, or the old
fashioned stone, street, or road trap.
7th. The improvements in the fastenings of grates to frames, as shewn at
Figure 5, is by having a link fastened on to the underside of grate which slips
over on to a hook fastened on the inner side of frame; the link falling perpendicularly
into position when the grate is closed, thus locking the grate; and so arranged that
when the grate is required to be raised; a small piece of stick or iron could be

page_text: passed through the grate bar, and hold the link out of position while the grate is
raised. The illustration at Figure 13, is not new, but I claim that it may be.
applied to my invention.
Dated shin 14th
T11004
HERBERT WHITE,
1, Cluster Buildings, Belper.