NEWLY INVENTED PORTABLE APPARATUS FOR BREWING BEER AND ALE PROM MALT AND HOPS
Year: 1811

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
NEEDHAM, of Islington Green, in the Parish of Saint Mary Islington, in the
County of Middlesex, Brewer and Corn Dealer, send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third did, by
His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date
at Westminster, the Twenty-third day of September, in the fifty-first year
of His reign, give and grant unto me, the said James Needham, His especial
licence, that I, the said James Needham, my exors, admors, and assigns,
during the term of years therein mentioned, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within that part of the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland called England, the Dominion of Wales, and
Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my "NEWLY INVENTED PORTABLE APPARATUS
FOR BREWING BEER AND ALE PROM MALT AND HOPS;" in which said Letters
Patent there is contained a proviso obliging me, the said James Needham,
by an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, to cause a particular
description of and ascertain the nature of my said Discovery and Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be enrolled in His
Majesty's High Court of Chancery within two calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said recited Letters Patent, as in and by
the same, relation being thereunto had, may more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
James Needham, do hereby declare that my said Discovery and Invention
is described in the Plate or Drawing thereof drawn in the margin of these
Presents, and also in manner following
(A) an iron frame, supported by iron legs, containing in the centre a fire
place, a door in front for supplying the fire, and opposite, a neck, projecting on

page_text: which is placed a funnel to convey the smoke where covenient. Above the fire-
place is a connected iron rim (a) with two handles for removing the whole
machine; this rim has a horizontal rim or ledge fixed close to the circum-
ference, a little below the top, on the inside, for the boiler to rest upon, which
fits in the frame easily. (B) an iron cylindrical boiler, tinned within, its bottom
a little convex within and concave without, with a discharging cock near the
bottom, and two handles for taking it off the iron frame. The contents of the
boiler, when filled within two inches of the top, is about eighteen gallons beer
measure to every bushel of malt contained in the cylinder C. (C) an iron
cylinder to be placed within the boiler B, and ranging with the top of the
boiler, the bottom of the cylinder, like that of the boiler, a little convex within
and concave without, and to stand about three inches from the bottom of the
boiler, having a horizontal projecting rim (a) fixed to its bottom and reaching
to the circumference of the boiler, but so as to admit of the cylinder passing
easily in and out; and to the extremity of this rim, or a little within, as may
be most approved, underneath, is fixed a vertical rim (6), which, when the
cylinder is placed within, rests on the bottom of the boiler. There are two
handles at the top for lifting it out of the boiler. In the centre of this
cylinder is a smaller cylinder (o), without a bottom, fixed to the bottom of the
large one, the whole tinned throughout, and the inner and outer cylinder and
horizontal and vertical rims perforated with holes three sixteenths of an inch
and the bottom with holes one eighth of an inch diameter, or any less or
greater magnitude, so that the malt does not fall through, nor the extraction
impeded, and from three fourths to one inch apart, or any less or greater
.distance, so that the extraction is not impeded. The relative dimensions
of the cylinder to the boiler may be varied, so that the water readily pass
through the malt, according to the proportion of the malt and hops to the
water. When it is intended to make about eighteen gallons, beer measure, in
two works from a bushel of malt and one pound of hops, the cylinder should
be about five sixths of the diameter of the boiler, and the inner cylinder
about three tenths of the diameter of the large one. (D) a cover for
cylinder, tinned within, a little concave within and convex without, with a
vertical rim shutting inside the cylinder, and a handle on the outside taking it
off. (E, E,) iron coolers, tinned within, with a plug hole to let out the wort
or liquor, one cooler made to rest within the other for the convenience of
packing or putting by. They have each two iron shifting legs, which pass
inside iron collars fixed on the outside of the cooler, and have eyes at the top
for the convenience of lifting the cooler, which is made of sufficient length to
admit the legs to lie in it when not in use. The coolers together, at a depth

page_text: not exceeding seven inches, are to contain one tenth more wort or liquid then
is intended to be made from the malt, and this on account of the expansion
of the wort when boiling. (F) the machine put together ready for use,
the cover raised, to shew the internal part. This machine may be varied
in its form, and made of any materials suited to the purpose and capable of
containing liquid and bearing the fire. The method of brewing beer or
ale with the apparatus is: the ground malt is put in the cylinder C, not
in the centre one, the hops in the space between the cylinder and the boiler,
and the cold water poured through the centre cylinder until it just covers
the malt. The fire being lighted, an increasing heat is applied, that it
may boil in about four hours, and kept boiling one hour or longer, as
may be most approved, and then drawn off into a cooler; if more worts
are required cold water is supplied as before and brought up to boiling
heat as soon as convenient, and kept boiling as long as may be approved,
and then drawn off into a cooler. When the extraction is completed the
grains, hops, and cylinder are taken out of the boiler and the fire withdrawn.
When the worts are sufficiently cooled they may be returned into the boiler
with yeast to ferment in the usual manner of a working tun.
This apparatus is also applicable to the purpose of extracting the virtue
of grain for wash and vinegar, the process of which is the same as in brewing
beer and ale, omitting the hops.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Needham, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, the Twenty-second day of November, in the year of
Land One thousand
hundred and
JAMES NEEDHAM. (L.s.)
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twenty-second day of Novem-
ber, in the year of our Lord 1811, the aforesaid James Needham came before
our said Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Indenture aforesaid was stampt according
to the tenor of the Statutes made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Twenty-second day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eleven.