CERTAIN NEW OR IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR RAISING EARTH AND FOR OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1836

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JACOB
TILTON SLADE, of Fitzroy Square, in the County of Middlesex, Gentleman,
send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth did,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of that part of the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland called England, bearing date at
Westminster, the Eleventh day of January, in the sixth year of His reign,
give and grant unto me, the said Jacob Tilton Slade, my executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, His especial licence, full power, sole privilege and
authority, that I, the said Jacob Tilton Slade, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, during the term of years therein mentioned, should and law-
fully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the
Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "CERTAIN NEW OR IMPROVED
MACHINERY FOR RAISING EARTH AND FOR OTHER USEFUL PURPOSES;" in which
said Letters Patent there is contained a proviso that I, the said Jacob
Tilton Slade, shall cause a particular description of the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by an instrument
in writing under my hand and seal, to be enrolled in His Majesty's High
Court of Chancery within six calendar months next immediately after the
date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, reference being thereunto
had, may more fully and at large appear.

page_text: NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Jacob Tilton Slade, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention,
and the manner in which the same is to be known and performed, are parti-
cularly described and ascertained in and by the following description thereof,
reference being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, and to the figures and
letters marked thereon.
But before proceeding to describe the application of my new or improved
machinery for raising-earth and for mining and other such purposes, I shall
refer to the proposition upon which depends the movement by which I obtain
what I herein-after call my" transmitting motion." Let D, B (Fig. 1), be
a circle, which is described by two crank pins at the extremities of two crank
arms Z, D, and Z, B, when these crank arms revolve round the centre Z.
Let D, D', be a line or cord depending from the crank pin at D, and B, B',
another line depending from the crank pin at B. As D has just ascended
through the half circle from B to D, the line D, D', must have been hauled
up through the dotted space d, D', and as B has just descended through
the half circle from D to B, the line B, B', must have descended through the
space b, B. When the lower extremity of the cord B, B', is at its lowest
position the extremity of the cord D, D', will be at its highest position, and
the lower ends D' and B' of the said cords will meot as at D', B. As the
cranks again revolve simultaneously for another half circle, these letters;
B and D will be separated to the distance b, d, and another half revolution
of the cranks simultaneously will bring the points B¹ and D' together again.
Now the fundamental principle of my said Invention is in this motion, whereby
two bodies, each one of which being fastened to the extremity of each of tho
said lines D, D', and B, B', respectively; the said two bodies are caused to
approach to and recede from each other alternately; and I, apply the said
motion by means of suitable and proper machinery to transmit bodies upwards
and downwards, by causing in this manner the alternate approaching and
recerling of,, certain parts of the said machinery which are herein after
described. It will be obvious that if the two cranks Z, D, and Z, B, aro
situated so as to form a straight diameter line from D to B, and if they
revolve simultaneously the letters D' and B will only meet and separate again,
and that if a man wero placed on D₁, having ascended through d, D', he
would scarcely have time enough to pass or be passed over or transmitted.
from D' to B', at D, B, so as to ascend on B' through B', b. In order,
therefore, to give more time for this operation, I make the line D, D¹, some-
what shorter than B, B', so as to cause the ends D' and B' to pass each other a
little way and return again to repass each other. The space passed through by

page_text: D' in its movement I call a "stage." It will be seen, as herein-after described,
that when I use the herein-after-described machinery for mining purposes I
confine all these pendent lines between certain points, as at U, U, by means of
guide pullies. Having shewn how the two ends of these lines marked by tho
letters D', and B', meet and recede from each other, it will readily be under-
stood how it follows as a corollary to the proposition that many other crank
arms and crank pins may be arranged round a common axis at Z, and
suitable pendent lines attached thereto of different lengths, so that each pair
of crank pins may be made to work "stages" or lifts lower down the shaft.
The radii and number of crank pins will depend upon the length of the
lift or "stage" which it is intended to make at each revolution, and the cords
or lines pendent from the said crank pins must be of different lengths; that
is to say, the cord which works up or down a superior "stage" must of
course be shorter than the cord which works through the stage immediately
below it. With a circle having only two radii the cords depending from the
crank pins thereof might be made to extend farther down the shaft, and so,
instead of each cord working only one stage, it might be made to work two or
moro stages. The line B, B¹ (Fig. 1), being lengthened by the addition of
the brown-colored line B¹, V, the body at V and the body at B' will be lifted
simultaneously, and it will be seen that when B₁ is lifted to b, V will be lifted
to d, and thus the body at V will be brought to meet with the body D at d.
If the shaft of the mine be deep, the number of stages must be increased;
and as it may be inconvenient in working numerous stages by only two cranks
or crank pins opposite to each other, I therefore arrange or distribute them
round the circle, and thus equalize the duty of the steam engine or other first
mover. Let it be desired to have six crank pins at different parts of the
circle D, C, F, B, E, A, Fig. 2, I in such case divide the circle into six, equal
segments DC, CF, FB, BE, EA, and A D. I have already shewn in Fig. 1
how two crank pins at the extremities of the diameter perform their duty
through two stages. When boxes or cases are attached to the extremities of
the cords pendent from the six crank pins these boxes will move through
spaces equal to the diameter of the circle described. The positions of theso
stages or paths of each box must be found by lengthening or shortening the
cord or other line on which they depend, and by a proper connection of theso
lines to the most suitable part of the circle. Having arranged for B to
follow D, Fig. 2, at the extremity of the diameter, I prefer C to follow Bat
the distance from each other B, C. Then E follows C at the distance from
each other of the diameter. Then F follows E at the distance E, F; and A,
at the extremity of the diameter, follows F. By this arrangement the stages

page_text: or paths of the boxes D¹, B, C, E, F, and A¹, the extremities of the
respective lines D, B, C, E, F, and A, may be arranged as in Fig. 2, the
path of each box being marked by the colored line of dots corresponding to tho
color of the line.
The apparatus and machinery exhibited in the Drawings, beginning at
Fig. 3, are supposed to be placed in the shaft of a mine, my object being
to adopt my "transmitting motion" in the shaft in such manner that
the weights ascending (or descending) may be passed from one stage or
portion of the shaft to another stage or portion of the shaft (upwards or
downwards), in a manner very similar to the transmission of small bales, boxes,
and bags from a man in a ship's hold through the hauds of a line of other men
to the place of landing. The same letters refer to the same or similar parts
in the various Figures where they are scen. Fig. 3 exhibits the section of a
shaft, with the side view of such a machine and apparatus as I employ for
the upward and downward passage of miners. Fig. 4 exhibits another view
of the same, showing an edge view of the wheels. Fig. 5, a plan of
the boxes B and C (of Figs. 3 and 4). Fig. 6, a side view of a
shaft, with arrangements of buckets for raising water by the transmitting
motion. Fig. 7, a plan of the bucket and guide frame. II (Fig. 3)
is supposed to be a connexion between the motive power and the large
lifting wheel arrangement. I, I, (Figs. 3 and 4) show six large wheels
revolving on the same centre Z, and arranged in pairs, each pair being
separated from the others, and having its own bearing (see Fig. 4) and
receiving its motion from connexion with the motive power in manner
similar to H, I (Fig. 3). Each of these pairs of wheels are mounted
on a plummer block or other suitable bearing, and the plummer blocks
rest upon iron, wood, or other suitable beams, passing through or between
each pair of wheels. On the outer edge of each wheel is fixed a crank
pin. Connecting links or chains or rods are attached to these several crank
pins A, B, C, D, E, F, of the six wheels. When the crank pins are so
placed as to divide the large circle into six parts, and as the wheel revolves
(see Fig. 3) through each half of the circle, the connecting rods or
chains are elevated and depressed. These rods or chains are scen to connect
between their respective crank pins on the large set of wheels and the boxes
in the shaft. For instance, the crank pin A (Figs. 3 and 4) is connected
with the box A¹, the crank pin B with the box B, C with C, D with D',
E with E', and F with F. If the crank pin A passes through the space
K, L, the box A¹ (and whatever is in it) must pass through a corresponding
space in the shaft in the same time. By consequence F and F' will be

page_text: descending when A and A' are ascending, the boxes A' and F' will meet
each other, and the boxes being open, and as the motion of the box is that
time necessarily slow, a man may step from A' to F, and so ascend the shaft
by stages, the man being transmitted by A' to F, by F to E', by E' to C',
by C' to B', by B' to D', and so he reaches the top of the shaft and steps out
on to a suitable platform at Y. Fig. 4 is another view of the same shaft, and
it will be seen that the box frame may be made double if required. Thus
one man may be ascending and another man descending in the same double
box. To meet the objection that the man will not have time to pass from
one box to the other, it may be stated that the boxes are brought opposite to
each other when the crank pins on the lifting wheel are passing the centres,
and consequently the vertical motion will be slower than when the crank pins
are at other portions of the circle.
Fig. 5 is a plan of two box frames when opposite to each other. The
boxes C and B' are guided by shieves or truck wheels, which may be made to
run upon a vertical edge railway extending from the top to the bottom of the
shaft, and attached in a suitable manner to cast-iron pipes, which I use
as pillars. The guiding of these box frames, however, can be accomplished
in various other ways.
Fig. 6 is an arrangement of buckets, shewing how water is transmitted
from the bottom to the top of a mine. I have lettered the buckets in manner
similar to Fig. 3. At the upper part of this shaft will be seen a pump
cylinder D' and bucket piston P. When P descends it receives the water
brought up by the bucket B', and transmits it to the surface or through any adit.
Fig. 7 exhibits the plan of a bucket, and the manner in which it is guided.
R, R, (Figs. 6 and 7) shew the position of clack or other valves at the
bottom of the buckets and at the bottom of D'. The mining engineer will be
able to arrange the pump at the top of the shaft according to the plan most
approved in mining districts. Fig. 8 represents a side view, wherein part of
the transmitting machinery is removed to a little distance from the shaft
of the mine, and in this Figure the ascending and descending loads or persons
are kept in their proper lines of ascent and descent by means of wrought-iron.
rods, instead of the hollow tubes shewn in Fig. 7. I have in Fig. 8 shewn a
different arrangement for the crank pins II, the connexion from the the
prime mover I, a spur wheel placed on the centre shaft of two crank arms.
and crank pins A and D, all properly supported. Part of this centre shaft is
turned and fitted into suitable plummer blocks and brasses, and the power
being applied to the wheel I the crank arms are caused to revolve in the
direction of the arrow (<). In their revolution A acts upon what I call

page_text: a "transmitting frame," which supports the box A' in the shaft, and D acts
upon the transmitting frame D' in the shaft. Coloured lines (which may bo
rods or ropes, or other suitable material) will be seen to connect the various
crank pins with their respective transmitting frames, the respective lines being
differently coloured to distinguish them from each other. Fig. 9 is another
view of the transmitting machinery, corresponding with Fig. 8.
Fig. 10 exhibits the front view of a transmitting frame M, which is so
constructed as to move up and down, carrying with it in the side view,
Fig. 11, a box A', containing the load, whether the load be of carth, cords,
tools, or man, or whatever else may be to be transmitted. One side of the
frame O¹ I call the ascending side, because by it alone I cause the boxes
or cases to ascend, and the other side of this frame P₁ I call the descending
side, because by it alone I cause the boxes or cases to descend. When two
transmitting frames are opposite each other, as B and C, Figs. 8 and 9, the
ascending sides or each "transınitting frame" must be opposite to each other,
and the descending sides must also be opposite to each other.
In Fig. 11 is exhibited one of the boxes arranged for carrying up coals or
for other such work. Fig. 12 is another view of the same box. When work-
people or other persons are to be passed up or down open cases are used.
Each box or case is fitted with two fixed catches or lips Q and Q¹ (Figs. 11
and 12), which, on the passage upwards, alternately hang upon a catch W
and a catch W₁ (Fig. 11). These catches W and W' fit Q and Q', and are
contrived to rise and fall upon a fixed centre, much in the same manner that
a latch does. When ascending box hanging by Q on W (Fig. 11) comes up
and passes the catch W₁, the catch W₁ is pressed or wiped out of the way
by Q' until Q be passed, and immediately thereafter W, baving fallen into
its place, is moved up catches Q', and lifts by it the box away from W.
Thus the box or case A' has been passed up one stage and transmitted to a
higher stage, and after passing up through this higher stage it is again trans-
mitted so as to hang itself by Q on the catch W of another transmitting
franie, and passed up higher, and so on it is transmitted through stages until
it arrives at the top of the shaft. The ascending half of each transmitting
frame having a moveable catch, and every box or case having two fixed
catches Q and Q', when the box or case arrives at the top of the shaft it lifts
a trap door in a stage or platform just as it lifted or wiped out of the way the
catches W and W, and thus the box is left standing on the platform
whilst the transmitting frame again descends. From this position the box or
case may be removed and emptied.
Fig. 13 shows a side view of such a platform; and Fig. 14 is a plan of

page_text: the same, as being the trap door.
When a box or case is to be sent up it
is brought to the bottom of the shaft by a truck or other suitable contri-
vance, and so placed that its fixed catch Q may be hooked or caught up by W
and transmitted upwards, as above described. The manner in which I cause
the boxes or cases to descend by means of "transmitting frames" is as follows:
-Having hung a box D' (Fig. 8 and 9) upon the catch of the descending side
of the transmitting frame at the top of the shaft, it is carried then down until
it meets the next opposite transmitting frame B', which is now rising to
receive the case from D', B', and all the transmitting frames (except the
uppermost) have, upon their descending side, not only the catches which
suspend the boxes by Q and Q', but a lever t (Fig. 10 and 16) for occasionally
keeping the catch of the descending side out of the way of Q and Q. When
the box descends hanging on the transmitting frame D', it has to meet and
pass a little way the transmitting frame B'; its opposite catch is caught by the
catch on the descending side of the transmitting frame B'. The catch on D¹
is relieved by this passing, and when the frame D' begins to ascend the lever t,
touching against a slight spring, presses the catch out of the way, as shewn in
Fig. 21, and the box descends hanging in the transınitting frame B¹, and so
on to the bottom of the shaft. Where it may be necessary or desirable I
apply an improved arrangement, which I call an "endless chain," of iron,
hempen, or other ropes, which I have shown by two views on Fig. 18. This
endless chain passes over two drums, one at the top and the other at the
bottom of the shaft or part of a shaft or well, so as to be used in the same
manner as the other machinery is, that is to say, with the advantages of the
transmitting motion up and down the mine.° At certain requisite equal
distances are placed cross bars, which extend on either side of the endless
chain, having grooved wheels on their ends which run upon or between iron
rods on each side of the chain. These iron rods extend from the top to the
bottom of the shaft, and terminate at the upper and immediately below the upper
drum, and at the lower end immediately above the lower drum. The distance
between the rods, of which there are four, two on cach side of the drum, is,
one way, exactly the diameter of the drum, and the other way, exactly the
distance between the two grooved wheels, so that when the cross bars shall pass
on the drum or off it on the other side (the rods being the same distance apart
as the diameter of the drum) there will be no jump or jirk, but will pass on
and off the same as if there were no cross bars at all. At equal distances on
the chain are placed a series of small platforms, or rungs or steps, on which
the men step or the goods are placed in order to go up or down the shaft, or
the goods may be hooked on to the chain. This endless chain I cause to pass

page_text: over drums or barrels at each end, top and bottom, these drums or barrels
being of a proper diameter. This endless chain being put in motion by any
convenient motive power, a man may ascend on one side and descend on the
other, or tools and materials may be hooked on to any of the rungs or ratlines.
The transmitting motion may be obtained by means of the wheels, shewn in
Figs. 3, 4, and 5, or by the wheels and levers shown by the Figs. 8 and 9,
or by an endless chain, as in Fig. 20, or by levers which are raised and
depressed by cams or excentrics, or by other convenient means.
I have now described my new or improved machinery for raising earth and
for other useful purposes, with reference to the annexed Drawings, in such
manner as to enable persons conversant with works of a similar nature to
practise the Invention, and it will be seen that by lengthening the chains or
connecting rods of Fig. 3 or 8 down beyond their respective transmitting
frames, cach crank pin may be made to work two or more transmitting
frames, so that a set of only six cranks may work a series of sets of trans-
mitting frames of six cach. Now, whereas it is evident that I cannot enume-
rate the various purposes to which my new or improved machinery is appli
cable, as it may be used for granaries, mills, dock warehouses, wharfingers
premises, excavations, mines, and numerous other purposes; and whereas the
circular motion for working the different stages may be in a vertical plane
round a horizontal centre linc, or in a horizontal plane round a vertical centro
line, or the circular motion may be round a centre line or centre lines placed
at some other convenient angle, and the transmitting motion may be avail
able not only in a vertical shaft but on shafts or leads inclined between the
horizontal and vertical lines, or on the horizontal line; and whereas there
may be different positions and different purposes which require different modi
fications of my new or improved machinery, the experienced miner or engineer
will be able to apply the saine.
And I claim as my Invention the arrangement of machinery above described,
and all modifications thereof, whereby a man may pass himself up or down a
shaft, excepting only when he shifts his position, or is transmitted at fewer
than three points in the circle.
Further, I claim the machinery and all modifications thereof for the trans
mitting motion for transmitting inanimate or animate burdens up or down a
shaft, whether on a perpendicular or inclined ascent or descent, or whether the
transmitting motion be obtained from one, two, or more points in the circle.
Further, I claim the same for all purposes of mining, excavating
engineering, manufacturing, flour or corn carrying, also for all incline
planes.

page_text: Inrolled the Eleventh day of July, One thousand eight hundred and
thirty-six.