IMPROVEMENTS IN METALLIC PENS, PENHOLDERS, AND METALLIC BOXES FOR HOLDING PENS AND OTHER SMALL ARTICLES
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Friedrich Leonardt, of Birmingham, in the County
of Warwick, Manufacturer, and Hezekiah Hewitt, of Birmingham,
aforesaid, Pen Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN METALLIC PENS, PENHOLDERS, AND METALLIC BOXES FOR HOLDING PENS
AND OTHER SMALL ARTICLES."
Sealed the 19th October 1869, and dated the 7th May 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Friedrich Leonardt
and Hezekiah Hewitt at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 7th May 1869.
We, FRIEDRICH LEONARDT, of Birmingham, in the County of
Warwick, Manufacturer, and HEZEKIAH HEWITT, of Birmingham,
aforesaid, Pen Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN METALLIC FENS, PENHOLDERS, AND METALLIC
BOXES FOR HOLDING PENS AND OTHER SMALL ARTICLES," to be as follows:-

page_text: of forming a reservoir for the ink, and to give the pen an easy action in
use. The said corrugated nibs or points may either be unperforated or
perforated.
Another of our improvements consists in doubling up or bending the
extreme ends of the nibs of pens upon the said nibs, so as to form a
rounded and perfectly smooth point, and also to ensure a rapid flow of
ink when in use. The extreme ends or points of the nibs may either be
bent inwards, that is, upon the under or concave side of the nibs, or
outwards, that is, upon the upper or convex side of the nibs.
Another of our improvements consists in making pens with flat heels,
or corrugated heels, combined with corrugated points or nibs of the kind
previously described, or with ordinary points or nibs. By making the
pens with flat or corrugated heels they are incapable when placed in
the holder of turning round, which pens with half round heels of the
ordinary kind are liable to.
Another of our improvements consists in making marking pens to be
used in place of the ordinary marking brushes in the following manner :-
We make the heel of the pen barrel form or flat or half round; the
acting end or blade of the pen is made from a rectangular piece of metal
or blank of a breadth equal to the breadth of the pen to be made; that
half of the blank nearest the barrel or heel of the pen is flat, while the
other half is convex or curved. Two or more longitudinal slits or
incisions are made along the blank. By bending or doubling the curved
half or part of the blank underneath the flat part a broad flat point is
made at the junction of the bent parts, and an ink reservoir is formed
between the doubled or folded parts, the said reservoir having some-
what of a semi-tubular figure, but widening from the point to the heel
part of the pen. The ink is conveyed to the broad point of the pen by
the slits or incisions described, and to ensure a more rapid flow of ink to
the point the extreme end of the blade of the pen may be perforated with
small holes. The sides of the broad point of the pen may either be
square or half round, so that they can be used to make the up strokes
when marking with the pen.
Our improvements in penholders are as follows:-The object of this
part of our Invention is to construct penholders capable of receiving
pens having flat heels, as well as pens having half round heels, and also
Barrel pens. We make the penholder of a piece of seamless or soldered
metal tubing, in one end of which a separate elastic tubular binder is

page_text: fixed. This binder consists of an open tubular piece of metal, one end
having a convex figure. In the convex end is a series of cross slits or
apertures at right angles to one another. When the binder described
is fixed in the tube it is compressed, and its open side and cross slits are
closed, it is thereby made highly elastic. The cross slits or apertures at
the end of the binder are fitted to receive flat heeled pens; while the
annular space between the tube and binder is fitted to receive half round
heeled pens or barrel pens.
Our improvements in metallic boxes for holding pens and other small
articles are as follows:-We make the said boxes of two parts, namely,
of an outer case and an inner case or tray; the said inner case or tray
being capable by a sliding motion of being introduced into and with-
drawn from the outer case. The outer case is made by preference of a
rectangular or book form, one of the longer sides being open to receive
the inner case or tray. The outer case and inner case or tray are cach
made from a single blank, the parts of the said blank being so shaped
that they can be joined together without soldering or rivetting. The
blank from which the outer case is made consists of a rectangular piece
of sheet metal about one-half of which is broader than the other half;
the broad part of the blank at either side is bent at right angles. When
the blank is folded at its middle a box open at one side is formed, the
bent parts described forming the end pieces of the box. The said end
pieces are secured to the opposite parts of the folded side by means of
flanges on the said end pieces, over which the opposite edges of the said
side are closed. The inner case or tray is made from a rectangular piece
of sheet metal slit at its angles, the slit parts being bent at right angles
to the other part and forming the sides of the case or tray.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Friedrich Leonardt and Hezekiah Hewitt in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 5th November 1869.
filed by the said Friedrich Leonardt and Hezekiah Hewitt in the
Great Seal Patent Office on the 5th November 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, FRIEDRICH
LEONARDT, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer,
and HEZEKIAH HEWITT, of Birmingham, aforesaid, Pen Manufacturer,
send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of May, in the year
of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-
second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said Friedrich Leonardt and Hezekiah
Hewitt, Her special licence that we, the said Friedrich Leonardt and
Hezekiah Hewitt, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as we, the said Friedrich Leonardt and Hezekiah Hewitt, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN METALLIC PENS, PENHOLDERS, AND METALLIC BOXES FOR HOLDING PENS AND
OTHER SMALL ARTICLES," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the
said Friedrich Leonardt and Hezekiah Hewitt, our executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under our or their hands and seals,
or under the hand and seal of one of us, or them, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Hezekiah Hewitt, on behalf of
myself and the said Friedrich Leonardt, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following state-
ment thereof, that is to say:
Our improvements in metallic pens consist in constructing them in
manner herein-after described and illustrated in the accompanying
Drawings.
One of our improvements consists in making in the points or nibs of
pens a series of transverse corrugations or depressions, or curved or
angular corrugations or depressions, for the purpose of forming a reser-
voir for the ink and to give the pen an easy action in use. The said
corrugated nibs or points may either be unperforated or perforated. This
part of our Invention is represented in Figures 1 and 2 of the Drawings.
Figure 1 represents in front and side elevation a metallic pen the points
or nibs of which are provided with a series of transverse corrugations or

page_text: depressions according to our Invention; and Figure 2 represents the
blank from which the said pen is made. The transverse corrugations or
depressions are marked a, a, in Figure 1. Instead of making the corru-
gations a, a, straight as represented they may be curved, or they may be
made angular, that is, they may pass obliquely from either side the pen
and meet in the centre.
Another of our improvements consists in doubling up or bending the
extreme ends of the nibs of pens upon the said nibs so as to form a
rounded and perfectly smooth point, and also to ensure a rapid flow of
ink when the pen is in use. The extreme ends or points of the nibs may
either be bent inwards, that is, upon the under or concave side of the
nibs, or outwards, that is, upon the upper or convex side of the nibs.
Figure 3 represents in side elevation, and Figure 4 in front elevation a
metallic pen in which the extreme ends of the nibs are doubled or bent
upon the concave side of the said nibs; and Figure 5 represents a pen in
which the extreme ends of the nibs are doubled or bent upon the upper
or convex side of the said nibs. The doubled points of the pens,
Figures 3, 4, and 5, are marked b. Figures 6, 7, and 8 illustrate the way
in which the pens are made, Figure 6 representing the blank, and
Figures 7 and 8 the pen previous to the doubling of the prolonged point
marked c.
Another of our improvements consists in making pens with flat heels
or corrugated heels combined with corrugated points or nibs of the kind
previously described and represented, or with ordinary points or nibs.
By making the pens with flat or corrugated heels they are incapable
when placed in the holder of turning round, which pens with half round
heels of the ordinary kind are liable to. This part of our Invention is
illustrated in connection with the pen represented in Figure 1, where the
flat heel is marked d. The said flat heel is provided with a corrugation
or hollow rib d for strengthening the said flat heel. The corrugation or
rib d may be dispensed with and a flat heel only be used. We prefer
however to use a corrugated heel as it is much stronger than a flat one.
Another of our improvements consists in making marking pens to be
used in place of the ordinary brushes in the following manner :-We
make the heel of the pen barrel form a flat or half round. The acting
end or blade of the pen is made from a rectangular piece of metal or
blank of a breadth sufficient to form the barrel and blade. One or more

page_text: longitudinal slits or incisions are made along the blade of the blank.
One part of the blade of the blank is flat while the other part is convex
or curved. By turning or bending the curved part of the blade of the
blank underneath the flat part a broad flat point is made at the junction
of the bent parts, and an ink reservoir is formed between the doubled
or folded parts. The ink is conveyed to the broad point by the slit or
slits described, and to ensure a more rapid flow of ink to the point the
extreme end of the blade of the pen may be perforated with small holes.
The sides of the broad point of the pen may either be square or half
round, so that they can be used to make the upstrokes when marking
with the pen. Figure 9 represents a marking pen constructed according
to our Invention, and Figures 10, 11, 12, and 13 represent the blank
from which the pen is made, and the pen in its several stages of manu-
facture. In making this pen we take a blank of the form represented in
Figure 10. The said blank consists of the rectangular part e from which
the barrel of the pen is made, and the part ƒ from which the acting end
or blade is made. After the blank has been cut out it is pierced with
the piercings g, g, and h, and slit between the piercings g, g, as repre-
sented in the said Figure 10. It is then raised into the form represented
in front elevation and side elevation in Figure 11 and back elevation in
Figure 12. The barrel i is thus formed, and the end of the blade k is
made convex, or curved. The part k of the blade is flat, and is of the
breadth of the acting end of the pen to be made. The blade k, l, of the
partially made pen, Figures 11 and 12, is next bent at the flat part k,
as illustrated in Figure 13; and the said part is further bent or doubled
against the upper part of the concave side of the barrel i in the manner
represented in side elevation, back elevation, section, and front elevation
in Figure 9. By the doubling or folding of the blade k, k, a broad flat
point marked ³ is made at the junction of the doubled parts, and an ink
reservoir is also made between the curved end 12 and the concave side of
the barrel i. The ink is conveyed to the broad point 3 by the slit m.
The metal between the piercing 9 (Figure 9) and the bottom of the
curved end of the blade may be slit or unslit, but we prefer to slit it
as illustrated in the front elevation of the pen, Figure 9. This slitting
of the metal between the piercing and the curved end of the blade causes
the pen to have a much easier action than when the divided blade is
connected at its extreme end as in the back elevation, Figure 9. The
slitting of the end of the blade is effected by the slitting tool passing
through the perforation h in the barrel i made for that purpose.

page_text: Figure 14 represents in side elevation and front elevation another
marking pen of the kind last described, excepting that it has a broader
point and is provided with two slits instead of one. The blade part has
also a somewhat different shape from that already described. In the
said Figure 14 the barrel is marked i, the blade 2, and the broad
point. Instead of making the heel of the marking pens last described
of a barrel form as represented the heel part of the pens may be flat or
half round.
Our improvements in penholders are as follows:-The object of this
part of our Invention is to construct penholders capable of receiving
pens having flat heels, as well as pens having half round heels, and also
barrel pens. We make the penholder of a piece of seamless or soldered
metal tubing (or of a steel blank raised into a tubular form) in one end
of which a separate elastic tubular binder is fixed. This binder consists
of an open tubular piece of metal, one end having a convex figure. In
the convex end is a series of cross slits or apertures at right angles to
one another. When the binder described is fixed in the tube it is
compressed and its open side and cross slits are closed, it is thereby made
highly elastic. The cross slits or apertures at the end of the binder are
fitted to receive flat heeled pens, while the annular space between the
tube and binder is fitted to receive half round heeled pens or barrel
pens.
Figure 15 represents partly in elevation and partly in section a
penholder constructed according to our Invention holding a flat or
corrugated heeled pen, and Figure 16 represents the said penholder
holding a half round heeled pen. The said penholder consists of a picce
of metal tube n either cut from a length of tubing or raised from a
blank, in one end of which a stick is inserted, and in the other end a
separate elastic tubular binder P is fixed. This binder is represented
separately in Figure 17, and the plain and pierced blanks from which
it is made are represented in Figures 18 and 19. The pierced blank,
Figure 19, is bent into a tubular form and its end closed inwards by
ordinary raising tools. After the bending of the binder p into a tubular
form the tongues q are bent into the interior of the binder in the manner
represented in Figure 17. When the binder p is fixed in the tube n of
the penholder by the tooth or projection r entering a slot in the said
tube the binder is compressed and its open side and cross slits at top
(see the end view, Figure 17) are closed. The binder is thereby made

page_text: highly elastic. The cross slits or apertures at the top of the binder p are
fitted to receive a flat or corrugated heeled pen, which pen when inserted
in the holder is gripped by the top of the binder and also by the tongues
q, q, inside the binder, the said tongues being pressed outwards by the
pen when the latter is inserted in the holder, as illustrated in Figures 15
and 17. When a half round heeled pen (or barrel pen) is to be held
in the holder it is inserted between the elastic binder p and the tube n,
as illustrated in Figure 16. The tooth or projection r in this case forms
a stop for the pen.
Our improvements in metallic boxes for holding pens and other small
articles are as follows:-We make the said boxes of two parts, namely,
of an outer case and an inner case or tray, the said inner case or tray
being capable by a sliding motion of being introduced into and with-
drawn from the outer case. The outer case is made, by preference, of
a rectangular or book form, one of the longer sides being open to receive
the inner case or tray. The outer case and inner case or tray are each
made from a single blank, the parts of the said blank being so shaped
that they can be joined together without soldering or rivetting.
The front
Figure 21 represents a box of a book form made according to our
Invention. The outer case of the box is marked a, and the inner case or
tray for holding the pens or other small articles is marked b.
of the case a is open to receive the inner case or tray b. The outer
case a is made in the following manner:-We take a blank of the form
represented in Figure 22, and by means of dies we form at the edges c, c,
and d, d, of the said blank flanges marked e, e, and f, f, the flanges e, e,
being bent in an opposite direction to that of the flanges f, f; the blank
so formed is represented in Figure 23. We next bend the end
pieces g, g, at right angles to the other part of the blank, as represented
in Figure 24; these bent pieces g, g, form the ends of the finished outer
We next fold the lower parts i of the end pieces g, g, upon the
blank so as to form flanges i³, as represented in Figure 26. The blank
or partially made case, Figures 25 and 26, is next folded or doubled at
the middle part so as to bring the part m over the part and form
the two sides of the case, the said middle part k forming the back of
the case, as illustrated in Figure 27, where the sides of the casc arc
marked l, m. The pieces g, g, on the side when the blank is folded,
the said ends of the case
case.
as in Figure 27, from the ends of the case,
being secured to the opposite folded side m by means of the flanges e

page_text: on the said side m being closed over or upon the flanges f on the end
pieces g, as illustrated in Figure 27, which represents a finished outer
case with an open side or front similar to that represented in Figure 21.
The parts of the outer case are thus joined together without soldering,
tongueing, or rivetting. The lip n of the blank is bent over the said
blank and forms a stop hook for preventing the inner case or tray from
being wholly withdrawn from the outer case. The tray or inner case
is made from the rectangular blank, represented in Figure 28, by.dies
and pressure, that is, the parts of the said blank outside the dotted line
are raised at right angles to the other part so as to form the sides of the
tray; a tray so made is represented in section and plan in Figure 29.
The said tray is provided with a tongue piece p, which by engaging with
the stop hook n inside the outer case prevents the said tray being wholly
withdrawn, as seen in Figure 21.
Having now described the nature of our Invention, and the manner
in which the same is to be performed, we wish it to be understood that
we do not limit ourselves to the precise details herein described and
illustrated, as the same may be varied without departing from the nature
of our Invention; but we claim as our Invention of improvements in
metallic pens, penholders, and metallic boxes for holding pens and other
small articles,-
Firstly. Making in the points or nibs of metallic pens a series of
transverse corrugations or depressions or curved or angular corru-
gations or depressions for the purposes and substantially as herein-before
described and illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying
Drawings.
Secondly. Doubling up or bending the extreme ends of the nibs of
metallic pens for forming a rounded and smooth point, substantially as
herein-before described and illustrated in Figures 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 of
the accompanying Drawings.
Thirdly. Making metallic pens with flat heels with or without a
central corrugation or hollow rib, substantially as herein-before described
and illustrated in Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings.
Fourthly. Making marking pens by doubling or folding the metal
of which the blade is made so as to form a broad point at the junction
of the folded parts and an ink reservoir between the said folded parts,
substantially as herein-before described and illustrated in Figures 9, 10,
11, 12, 13, and 14 of the accompanying Drawings.

page_text: Fifthly. Making penholders of a piece of tubing or of a steel blank
raised into a tubular form and a separate elastic tubular binder for
holding flat heeled pens and half round heeled pens and barrel pens,
the parts being constructed and combined substantially as herein-before
described and illustrated in Figures 15, 16, 17, 18, and 19 of the
accompanying Drawings.
Lastly. Making metallic boxes for holding pens and other small
articles of a rectangular case having an open side and an inner case
or tray, each of the parts being made from a single blank without
soldering, tongueing, or rivetting, substantially as herein-before
described and illustrated in Figures 21 to 29, both inclusive, of the
accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Hezekiah Hewitt, have hereunto set
my hand and scal, this Twenty-ninth day of October, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine.
Witness,
RICHARD SKERRETT,
Clerk to George Shaw,
Birmingham.
HEZEKIAH HEWITT. (L.S.)