An Improved Gas-motor Engine Specially Applicable for Use with Mangling Machines.
Year: 1886

page_text: Date of Application, 11th Nov., 1886
Complete Left, 11th Aug., 1887
Complete Accepted, 25th Oct., 1887
RESERV
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Gas-motor Engine Specially Applicable for Use with
Mangling Machines.
I, GEORGE MCGHEE of 690 Springfield Road, Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
Scotland, Engineer do hereby declare the nature of my invention for THE IMPROVED
ENGINE to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a simple and durable construction of gas-motor engine,
dispensing with slide-valves.
The engine is very applicable to Mangling Machines, one or more of the rollers of
which may be made hollow and heated by leading the exhaust hot products of combus-
tion thereinto, the said roller or rollers thus constituting the exhaust box or chamber for
the engine, which is fixed to the frame of the machine, and by means of a three bevel-
wheel clutch may conveniently be made to revolve the rollers in either direction or be
thrown out of gear with machine, thus allowing the engine to work independently of
machine and be used for other motor purposes.
In the engine are two cylinders side by side or lying one above the other and
communicating at bottom or ends with one another, each fitted with a piston connected
to pins or cranks, one on, or to, each of two wheels of different diameter gearing
internally or externally, two or three to one, into each other, so that one piston makes
two or three strokes for one of the other. One of the said wheels may be made to
revolve through a certain are on its shaft so as to allow one of the pistons to be moved
independently of the other into a favourable position for starting. The exhaust is from
near the middle of one of the cylinders and regulated by the piston thereof. A
supplementary exhaust valve to operate when the exhaust port is shut, may be used
in passage between the two cylinders. The supply of gas and air is drawn in, at or
near the end of cylinders by suction through non-return valves. The igniting is
effected by means of an ordinary hot pipe the action of which is regulated by one of
the pistons. The engine is provided with, and operates a Governor which opens the
gas supply valve when engine is working at the desired speed, but does not open said
valve when engine goes above or below desired speed. The Governor comprises
a loaded bell-crank, and lever with adjustable weight on it.
Assuming the engine to have gearing which makes one piston move twice faster
than the other, which said pistons may be termed the fast and slow pistons for

page_text: distinction, and said pistons to be just past ignition point and moving outwards; when
the fast piston has made its outward stroke the slow shall have opened the exhaust;
the fast now returns and expells the products of combustion through exhaust while the
slow is still moving. When the slow piston has returned far enough to close exhaust
port, the fast piston again makes an out-stroke and sucks in the supply of gas and
air, and again returning compresses the charge, and both pistons now move outwards,
the charge being ignited by the slow piston uncovering the orifice of the hot pipe,
when the same cycle of movements is repeated. In gearing of three to one, there is
an extra double-stroke of the fast piston, which may be made to further expell or
scavenge the cylinders of the products of combustion.
Dated this 10th day of November 1886.
DAVID MASON,
Patent Agent.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Gas-motor Engine Specially Applicable for Use with
Mangling Machines.
I, GEORGE MCGHEE of No. 690 Springfield Road, Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, Scotland, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement :-
This Invention relates to a simple and durable Gas or combustible vapour motor
Engine dispensing with ordinary slide valves; that part relating to Mangling Machines
being abandoned.
On the accompanying Drawing Fig. 1 is a side sectional elevation, Fig. 2 an end
elevation and Fig. 3 a reduced plan of part of a vertical cylinder Engine constructed
according to my Invention. Figs. 4 and 5 are views illustrating action thereof, and
Fig. 6 a view illustrating Governor. Similar letters of reference indicate the same
same
parts in the different Figs. as near as convenient.
1
In the Engine are 2 cylinders a and open at top, and communicating with each
other by passage c, and surrounded by a water jacket through which cold water may
circulate from the hollow framing I constituting the tank. The cylinders are fitted
with pistons e and d connected to crankshafts f. g. which have wheels h. i. fixed
thereon and geared together the spur h being twice the diameter of pinion i, so that
the piston d makes two strokes for one of piston e. In cylinder a is the exhaust portj
(divided as shown so that the piston e shall easily slide over d) leading into an exhaust
pipe as most convenient. The inlet port k near lower end of cylinder a leads from
an ordinary gas or combustible vapour and air mixing non-return valve or chamber
not shown. Opposite port k is the igniting port which leads into the closed pipe m
inside funnel n (shown at Fig. 4.) kept incandescent by combustion of gas and air
from pipe p in well known manner. The Governor Fig. 6 may be fitted on Engine
most conveniently above the Gas supply valve which is made to keep shut unless when
opened as hereinafter described. The Governor comprises a reciprocating rod o
working in fixed guide s, and fitted at bottom with a cranked lever the lower arm of
which is kept in normal vertical position by compression spring t acting on other
arm r¹ of lever r so that when moveing downwards at normal speed the point of lower
arm shall fit on top of and depress spindle u and thereby open gas valve. The upper
arm r¹ comes against one end of a lever v fulcrumed on a separately fixed stud, and at
normal speed raising the weights v¹, as indicated dotted. The lever v falls into
horizontal position as shown when arm ¹ rises from it. Should Engine exceed normal
speed the arm comes down faster against the weighted lever than adjusted for,
and is canted up thereby swinging foot of arm r to right side of top of spindle u thereby
not opening gas valve. The weights and pressure of spring t, may be varied as
desired to suit speed.

page_text: pipe and
The Engine operates as follows revolving as indicated. Assuming the space beneath
pistons to be charged with compressed combustible mixture or vapour and the piston e
just uncovering the ignition port as shown at Fig. 1 mixture enters the bot
is thereby ignited, the resulting pressure driving piston d out full stroke and piston e
as indicated at Fig. 4 to just above port j. through which Engine now exhausts; the
piston d meanwhile making backstroke while piston e moves from and to port j which
it shuts when piston d has made full backstroke. While piston d makes another out-
stroke and piston e travels to over port k combustible mixture or vapour is inhaled
therethrough. The piston d now returns compressing the motor charge while piston e
travels from and to port / which it uncovers just when piston d has reached full instroke
as shown at Fig 1, when the cycle begins again as before described. The crank and
connecting rod 9 is set so as at normal speed to actuate and just open the gas supply
valve immediately piston e has shut exhaust port after exhausting, but if normal
speed is exceeded the rod q₁ descends faster and the governor (the rod q' being
attached to rod o) as hereinbefore described does not open the gas valve, air alone
therefore being sucked into the cylinder this cycle.
Fig. 4 illustrates conveniently the cycle of operations with 2 to 1 gearing. On the
large circles indicating the pitch lines of wheels Hand i respectively, while the crankf
is between the points x, y, z and w, the Engine is respectively igniting, exhausting,
charging and compressing, the crank g. meanwhile making two revolutions.
Under a modification of the Invention the wheel H may be thrice the diameter of
wheel or in lieu of said wheels a large wheel with internal gearing may be fixed on
shaft fatFig. 3 and gear with an outside geared wheel one third its diameter fixed
at g² on shaft g, the Engine being otherwise similarly constructed, but with port j
made lower in cylinder to suit altered movements of pistons. The cycle of operations
under this modification is illustrated by Fig. 5. Assuming the circles to represent
the pitch lines of wheels, while the crank would be opposite point the other motor
crank would begin and make upstroke while crank would travel between r¹ and r².
Between and y¹ the engine would exhaust; between y¹ and y' inhale air by still
open exhaust; between y and z¹ again exhaust, when exhaust now closes. Between Z¹
and combustible mixture or vapour would be inhaled, and between Z and r¹
compression occur; the cycle beginning again as before described; an impulse being
given once in 3 revolutions of small wheel i.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed I wish it to be understood that
make no claim to the hot-pipe for igniting, it being a well known device but that what
I claim is :
1st. The general arrangement and combination of parts constituting a Gas Engine,
substantially as hereinbefore described and shown on Drawing.
2nd. In Gas Engines, by means of wheels geared two or three to one, the
combination of a piston controlling the inlet, ignition, and exhaust ports in cylinder a,
with a piston driving the flywheel shaft, substantially as described and shown.
3rd. In a Gas Engine Governor the construction and combination of parts as
described and illustrated.
Dated this 10th day of Angust 1887