Improved Apparatus for Preventing the Escape of Noxious Fumes or other Gases from Primary, Secondary, Gas, or other Batteries Used for Electrical Purposes.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 2nd Feb., 1887.
Specification Accepted, 4th Mar., 1887.
Improved Apparatus for Preventing the Escape of Noxious Fumes
or other Gases from Primary, Secondary, Gas, or other Batteries
Used for Electrical Purposes.
MARK BAILEY Hollies Lodge Clarence Road Wood Green London N. Electrician,
and JOHN WARNER 21 Oshorn Street Whitechapel London E. Ironfounder do
hereby declare the nature of our invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
Our Invention consists in improved apparatus for preventing the escape of noxious.
fumes, from batteries used for electrical purposes. Our improvements, and the means
by which we attain this object will be readily understood, by reference to the
accompanying drawings in which
Fig. 1, is a sectional elevation, shewing the elements in position, and enclosed by a
bell glass, inside the containing vessel.
Fig. 2, is a sectional elevation shewing the bell glass, or shade enclosing both
elements, and containing vessel.
Fig. 3, shews a special form of containing vessel furnished with outer lip, and bell
glass or other, cover, dipping into the same.
Fig. 3, shews a removeable outer lip for mounting upon existing cells.
Fig. 4, shews a method we sometimes employ, for conveying the connecting wires
to the scaled elements.
Fig. 5, shews a method we employ when it is desirable to raise the zinc, or metal
replacing it, from the exciting liquid.
Fig. 6, an alternative arrangement, for effecting the same end..
Fig. 7, rectangular cell, with lip or channel.
Fig. 8, plan of saucer with feet formed in its substance.
We enclose the elements which may be of primary, secondary, or any other type of
battery capable of producing electricity, within a bell glass, shade, or cover which
either dips into the liquid within the containing vessel; or into a lip, or saucer
forming part of the same; or a separate, and distinct piece of apparatus from it: the

page_text: lip, channel, or saucer, being partly filled with a liquid, or substance, capable of
effectually forming with the shade, or cover, a perfect luting, and preventing the
escape of the gaseous products of chemical action, or noxious fumes arising from
the enclosed battery.
In Fig. 1, A and B, are the elements, E, being the containing jar, or vessel.
When it is convenient to place the bell glass, shade, or cover d, within the containing
vessel E, we prefer to form feet F, in the substance of the bottom of the jar E, upon
which the shade or cover d, rests; or loose pieces of porcelain, glass, or other suitable
substance may be employed for the same purpose. By either device, we are enabled
to pass the connecting wires, under the shade as shewn. We sometimes form a
cock as at G, in the knob, or other convenient part of the shade, or a stopper as
ath, Fig. 2, may be used, or a plain hole left in the same stopped with a wood cork,
or india rubber bung as in Fig. 5. By means of the cock G, stopper h, or equivalent
device, the contained gases, or fumes may be liberated, and the bell glass raised
with ease.
Fig. 2. In this modification the containing jar E, with the elements are completely
covered by the shade or cover d, which dips into a saucer S, having fect F, as already
described for Fig. 1 formed in its substance, or of loose pieces of any suitable
material; the saucer S, is filled with water, oil, mercury, or other substance, capable
of sealing the bell, or shade d, and preventing the escape of any gases, or fumes.
The connecting wires either bare, or covered in a suitable manner to resist acid
fumes being led out as already described. In the case of existing batteries we
provide a separate saucer S, see Fig. S having feet F, or not; this saucer is partly
filled with a suitable liquid for attaining our purpose; and the containing jar is
placed in it; a bell glass d, dipping into the liquid which forms with it a perfect
seal. The bell glass may have a cock as at G, Fig. 1, stopper as at h, Fig. 2 and 3,
or cock as at Fig. 5, for permitting the easy removal of the cover by admitting air, or
for conducting away the contained gases, or fumes.
Fig. 3, shews an improved for:n of containing vessel E, furnished with a lip J,
near its top, and fitted with a glass, or other suitable shade or cover d, resting upon
feet F, formed in the material of the lip J, or upon loose pieces of suitable material
for effecting the same end, the shade, or cover dips into any suitable liquid, or
substance capable of forming with it an efficient seal; and the conducting wires p, are
led out in the way and manner shewn. For the purpose of applying the lip or
channel to existing batteries, we sometimes employ a loose lip, or channel as shewn at
Fig. 3; this can be made of suitable size to suit a jar of any shape, and is merely
placed upon it, the liquid contained within the cell forming a perfectly gas tight
joint, the shade or cover, is then placed within the loose lip as shewn; the shade can
be fitted witli cock G, stopper h, or india rubber, or other cork as already, described
for the previous modifications.
Fig. 4, shews our method of making connection with the scaled elements, when the
excitants, or depolarizers employed are likely to corrode connections made in the
manner previously described. It is however applicable to, and suitable for many
existing types of batteries in which such corrosive substances are not used, A and B,
are the elements, E, the containing vessel. We perforate the glass or other shade d,
and through such perforation we pass a rod, preferably made of aluminium, or an
alloy of such metal; or any other metal specially suited for resisting the action, of
the excitant or depolarizer employed, or the fumes arising from the chemical action
peculiar to the cell; a small hole is bored in the element B, which we fill with
mercury, or other suitable conducting substance capable of resisting the chemical
action peculiar to the sealed cell. Into this the rod, dips its other end having
binding screw fastened to it." The otlier element A, has a similar metal rod, or wire
fastened to it which is led out as shown at p. Any gases formed are received in the
bell glass or shade d, which is sealed by the liquid within the cell. This method can
also be used with any other type of cell, or jar described; the shade being modified to
suit the same, and the wire p, being led through the liquid in the lip, or saucer, as
described.
:
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page_text: Fig. 5, shews a method we prefer to employ when it is advantageous to remove the
zinc or equivalent metal employed from the acid, or other solution, or gaseous
admixture supplying its place, when the battery is idle. In this case we prefer to
employ the type of cell described under Fig. 3, although either of those shewn under
Figs. 1, and 2, or 7, can be used, or any shape of cell standing in a loose saucer, or
having a loose or fast, lip or channel fitted to, or formed from its substance. We
prefer to form the bell shape, with a throat, into which a wood, or rubber, or other
cork is fitted, as at h, or we use a perforated knob having a cup at its upper end filled
with mercury, or other suitable substance for luting the connecting wire, and
preventing the escape of fumes. See Fig. 6. A binding screw or knob is fitted to
the end of the rod, and by its means the element can be raised from the acid, or other
solution or gas, and local action or waste prevented,-without in any way disturbing
the cell, or permitting the fumes to escape.
Fig. 7, shews a rectangular jar E, fitted with a lip J, and Fig. 8 a saucer S,
furnished with feet F. We do not however confine our improvements to any special
shape of containing jar, Bell glass, or cover, or fast or loose saucer, as it is obvious
that we can attain our object with almost any variety of cell, or jar having fast or
loose lip or channel, and suitable shade or cover fitted thereto."
Having now particularly described, and ascertained the nature of our said invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, we would wish it understood that
we do not confine the application of our improvements in apparatus to any special
kind of primary, secondary, polarization, or gas battery, since it is equally applicable
to
any class of cell of either type, and can be modified to suit any existing, or
required conditions. What we esteem as novel and desire to claim is
1st. The improved combinations herein described and shewn by the figures, for
preventing the escape of acid, or noxious fumes, or other gases, from batteries of any
type used for electrical purposes and for removing from the sealed cell the zine, or
equivalent element subject to local action when the battery is idle-substantially as
described and set forth.
2nd. The combination shewn and described under Fig. 1, the jar E, having feet F,
formed in its substance the shade d, formed of glass, or other suitable material,
resting upon the feet F, within said cell. The shade or cover d; being fitted with
cock G, stopper, or plain cork, or bung, formed in, or mounted upon or within,
its knob; the whole combined and operating together for the purpose of sealing, by
means of the liquor contained in the cell the gases arising from chemical action,
and preventing their escape.
3rd. The combination shewn and described under Fig. 2, the containing jar E,
having saucer S, at its base, fitted with feet F, or having loose feet, to enable the
conducting wires p, to pass out, the bell glass, shade, or cover d, standing upon said
feet, and forming with the liquor, fluid, or other suitable substance contained in said
saucer an effectual seal all the before mentioned parts combined, and operating
together for preventing the escape of gas, vapour, noxious, or other fumes from the
elements and exciting, or depolarizing liquids contained within the shade or cover.
4th. The cock G, india rubber, wood or other cork, or stopper h, formed in or
mounted upon the knob or other part of the shade, or cover d, for the purpose of
facilitating the removal of the same, from the liquor within, or contained in the
saucer S, or lip J, formed outside the containing vessel or cell E.
5th. The combination shewn and described under Fig. 3, the containing vessel E,
having lip or channel J, at or near its top, feet F, formed in its substance or loose
feet mounted therein, the shade or cover d, furnished with cock G, stopper or
cork h, standing upon said feet; and forming with the liquor contained in said lip or
channel J, an efficient lute, or seal for preventing the escape of gases, noxious
fumes exhalation, or emanations arising from the scaled elements. Substantially as
described.
6th. The device shown in Fig. 3, consisting of a loose ring, and channel or
trough having feet F, upon which rests a bell, shade, or cover, the device being

page_text: made of square, rectangular oval, or any other suitable size or shape for mounting
upon existing batteries in the way and manner and for the purposes described.
7th. The combination described and shewn under Fig. 4, the shade or cover d,
having hole formed therein through which passes rod 1, formed preferably of
aluminium or an alloy of that metal. The hole y, formed in either element, filled
with mercury or other substance which will resist the action of acid or other fumes:
the rod p, dipping into the substance contained in the hole g, and making good
metallic contact therewith, all combined and working together for the purposes, and
in the way and manner described.
8th. The combination shewn and described under Fig. 5, consisting of jar E,
having lip, or saucer, distinct from or forming part of said jar, the shade or cover d,
dipping into a liquid, or subsiance contained in said jar lip, or saucer; suitable for
luting the same. The shade, or cover having a throat, knob or its equivalent into
which is fitted a wood india, rubber or other cork, bung, or stopper h, or a small
hollow g, see Fig. 6, terminating a hole of sufficient size to permit a wire of any
suitable metal, but preferably of aluminium, or an alloy of that metal, to pass; the
hollow space g, being filled with mercury or other substance of a suitable nature
for luting the wire; the whole combined and operating together for the purpose of
permitting the removal of an element from the exciting or depolarizing, liquid or gas,
without disturbing the general arrangement of the cell, or permitting the escape of
any of the products of chemical action.
FRANCIS M. ROGERS,
Applicant's Agent.