IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING YARNS IN HANKS OR SKEINS, AND IN THE MECHANISM OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Simon Hirsch, of Glasgow, in the County of
Lanark, North Britain, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
DYEING YARNS IN HANKS OR SKEINS, AND IN THE MECHANISM OR APPARATUS
EMPLOYED THEREFOR."-A communication from abroad by Longin
Gantert, of Alexandroff, in the Empire of Russia.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Simon Hirsch at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th December 1868.
I, SIMON HIRSCH, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North
Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IN-
PROVEMENTS IN DYEING YARNS IN HANKS OR SKEINS, AND IN THE MECHANISM
OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention, which relates to improvements in dyeing yarns in
hanks or skeins, and in the mechanism or apparatus employed therefor,
consists as follows:-
The mechanism or apparatus is composed of a hollow central shaft
supported in bearings in which it is capable of being revolved. At the

page_text: centre of the length of the hollow shaft a circular disc is carried, on
both sides of the disc sets of rectangular frames are placed, the frames
being constructed of material which is not injurious to the dye liquor or
the yarn, and over these frames the skeins or hanks are hung in a loose,
that is to say, unstretched state, the frames being less in breadth than
the length of the hanks. The frames by preference are placed radially
to the central shaft, but they may be placed obliquely thereto, and they
have openings in the inner parts formed somewhat after the manner of a
trellis, thus serving to keep the yarn in order by not allowing it too
much play. The central part of the disc (if the dye liquor is heated by
fire) is covered with any material which is not injurious to the dye
liquor or yarns, such as wood, but it is preferred to surround the shaft
by drums or cylinders, into which steam is admitted of the necessary
temperature to heat the liquor surrounding the drums. The boiler into
which the herein-before described apparatus is placed is made as narrow
as possible, in order that as little dye liquor as possible may be employed,
and the height of the boiler is such that the frames carrying the yarns
are raised completely out of the liquor during the upper half of the
revolution. At one end of the shaft projecting through the side of the
boiler a wheel, pulley, or equivalent therefor is fastened, for the purpose-
of imparting the rotatory or advancing reciprocating movement to the
frames. On the outer extremities of the frames round or prismatical
rollers of small diameter are placed resting in bearings in the frames.
Each roller is provided with a pulley near the disc, which as the disc
and frames rotate act against an elastic band or circular segmental strap
placed at the upper side of the boiler, which has the effect cach time the
frames are rotated of moving the yarn into a new position. In place of
arranging the frames as last described the rollers may be dispensed with,
and the hanks or skeins of yarn hung loosely on the frames; in this case
the frames require to be spaced further apart, and a larger amount of
dye liquor in proportion to the quantity of yarn that can be treated at
once is necessary. The heating or boiling of the dye liquor may be
effected by steam applied or directed into the liquor at or near the
bottom of the boiler in place of heating the latter by fire, as herein-
before referred to.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Simon Hirsch in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 3rd June 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, SIMON
HIRSCH, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Fourth day of December, in the
year of our Lord One thousand cight hundred and sixty-eight, in the
thirty-second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her beirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said Simon Hirsch, Her special
license that I, the said Simon Hirsch, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said Simon Hirsch, my exccutors,
administrators, or assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DYEING
YARNS IN HANKS OR SKEINS, AND IN THE MECHANISM OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED
THEREFOR," a communication to me from abroad by Longin Gantert,
of Alexandroff, in the Empire of Russia, upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said Simon Hirsch, by an instrument in writing
under my hand and seal, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Simon Hirsch, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to
say:-
This Invention relates to improvements in dyeing yarns in hanks or
skeins, and in the mechanism or apparatus employed therefor.
And in order that my said Invention may be properly understood
I now proceed more particularly to set forth the system, mode, or

page_text: manner in or under which the same is or may be used or practically
carried into effect, reference being had for the sake of more complete
elucidation to the explanatory Sheet of Drawings which I have hereunto
appended, that is to say:-
Figure 1 is an end elevation of the improved apparatus for dyeing
yarns in hanks or skeins, and which is to be used in licu of the common
dye boiler, Figure 2 being a detail or separate view of one of the frames
and hercin-after more particularly referred to.
The mechanism or apparatus is composed of a shaft A supported
horizontally in bearings fixed in the sides of the dye boiler, and in
which it is capable of being revolved. At or near the centre of the
shaft a disc B is carried, this being also shown in transverse section at
Figure 2, and on either side of which the sets of rectangular frames C
are placed. On the frames C the banks or skeins a are hung in a loose,
that is to say, unstretched state, the frames being less in breadth than
the length of the hanks or skeins. The frame C are, by preference,
placed radially to the central shaft, but they may be placed obliquely
thereto, and although they may be constructed without openings in the
inner part, yet it is preferred to make them having such openings as are
shown at b, Figure 2, somewhat after the manner of a trellis, thus
serving to keep the yarn in order without stretching it by not allowing it
too much play; or sets of three or more sticks may be fastened to the disc
to serve in the same mauner. The central part of the disc not occupied
by the frames carrying the yarns is, by preference, filled out with any
material not injurious to the dye liquor or to the yarns, such, for
example, as wood, if the dye liquor is heated by fire, but it is preferred
to surround the shafts by drums or cylinders (not shown in the
Drawings), into which steam of the necessary temperature is admitted
through holes in the shaft, thus imparting heat to the liquid surrounding
the drums. The boiler E into which the herein-before described
apparatus is placed is made as narrow as possible in order that as little
dye liquor as possible may be employed, and the height of the boiler is
such that each of the frames carrying the yarns are raised completely
out of the liquid during the revolution of the disc. The material of
the whole apparatus must be of a nature which is not injurious to the
dye liquor or yarns. At one end of the shaft projecting through the side
of the boiler a wheel F, pulley, or an equivalent therefor is fastened, for
the purpose of imparting the rotatory or advancing reciprocating move-

page_text: ment to the frames. On the outer extremities of the frames rollers G
are placed resting in bearings in the frames. These rollers are so con-
structed that the end view or a transverse section of one such has a
rectangular or oval shape (shown rectangular in the Drawings), and
having the axis removed to a distance from the centre, whilst the part
farthest from the axis is made heavier by having metal laid inside or
fixed to such parts, so that the heavy side remains always underneath in
every position of the frames, thus it is obvious that during each revolution
or reciprocation of the disc each of the rollers is made to rotate wholly
or partly on the axis by which it is carried, and therefore the banks or
skeins of yarn are also caused to move or travel over the frames on
which they are suspended. In place of arranging the frames as berein-
before described the rollers may be dispensed with, and the banks or
skeins of yarn hung loosely on the frames; in this case the frames
require to be spaced further apart, and consequently a larger amount
of dye liquor in proportion to the quantity of yarn that can be treated at
once will be necessary. The heating or boiling of the dye liquor may
be effected also by steam applied or directed into the liquor at or near
the bottom of the boiler in place of heating the latter by fire, as herein-
before referred to. When the apparatus is to be used the boiler is filled
with dye liquor and the yarn hung upon the frames, to effect which they
are raised out of the boiler by means of grooved or flat sticks, upon
which the yarn is previously spread. After one frame is thus filled the
disc is then turned round far enough to allow other frames to arrive on
the upper side and be similarly filled, and so on until all the frames arc
hung with yarn. When all the frames are hung with yarn the segmental
rods K and L are put in place to prevent the falling off of the yarn from
the frames, whilst inside the boiler similar rods are fastened for the same
purpose, and projecting circular parts also prevent the yarn from coming
in disorder near the disc.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed or practically carried
into effect, I wish to observe that I make no claim for the arrangement
referred to in the Provisional Specification, wherein the rollers on the
ends of the frames are revolved by means of pulleys rubbing against an
elastic band or circular segmental strap; but what I do consider novel
and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured to me by
the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is, the use of frames

page_text: placed on a rotating shaft, disc, or discs on which the yarn is hung
in a loose unstretched state, as herein-before described, or any merc
modification thereof.
In witness whercof, I, the said Simon Hirsch, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Second day of June, One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-nine.
SIMON HIRSCH. (L.S.)