Improvements in Apparatus for Heating and Cooking by Mineral Oil.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 1st Oct., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 29th June, 1889-Accepted, 1st Oct., 1889
PROVISIONAL DUMINICATIVA.
Improvements in Apparatus for Heating and Cooking by
Mineral Oil.
I, JACQUES AIMÉ VAGNER, of 226 Rue Lafayette, Paris, in the Republic of
France, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
My invention relates to improvements in apparatus for heating with mineral oil
and it has for object to rapidly obtain great heating by means of burners which do
not themselves become greatly heated while providing considerable heat, to thus
obviate all danger of explosion, and to avoid the serious defects of the smell and of
the smoke arising from mineral oil burnt in the apparatuses hitherto used.
The currents of air and the arrangements of the burner are combined to avoid the
heating of this latter and also to prevent heating of the oil.
The cooking and heating apparatuses hereinafter described are so combined and con-
structed that while receiving from the burners the heat required for the cooking of
food and the heating of houses, or other industrial purposes, they do not return.
sufficient radiant heat upon the burners to heat them and cause then explosion or
defective action.
In my improved stove the wick issues from a circular burner and projects say from
8 to 10 millimeters from the burner to give the most powerful flame. This wick is
inflamed only on its vertical inner surface. In order to cool its exterior vertical
surface and keep it constantly extinguished, I cause the currents of outer air which
feed the combustion to arrive at a height corresponding to that of the wick and to the
starting point of the chimney, by means of caps fitted to the lamp and superposed so
as to obtain projections of air upon the entire height of wick issuing from the burner.
These caps are perforated with holes for the passage of atmospheric air.
flat ring of metal for a similar purpose.
I may use a
This cooling and this partial extinction of the wick insure complete combustion
without smoke or smell.
The wick-holder is constructed of a tube which may be raised and lowered with
gentle friction on the central tube of the lamp, by which tube air is fed to the interior
of the flame.
This wick-holder tube has slits or cuts at its ends and its extremities thus slit are
slightly narrowed to meet the exact diameter of the central tube of the lamp.
Thus made this wick-holder is to a certain extent elastic and its perfectly vertical
ascent is insured, for even if the central tube of the lamp itself has malformations that
will not prevent the proper working of the wick-holder as this latter can expand or
contract as may be required.
This elasticity prevents the wick-holder wedging on the central tube and insures its
sliding thereupon even if worked from one side only.
The desired elasticity of this wick-holder might be obtained by means of an ordinary
tube having fitted at its ends flexible clamps or claws which will press against the
central tube of the lamp.
The central tube of the lamp is provided upon its outer surface with a plate of
metal of a suitable thickness to lodge in two notches formed at the ends of the wick-
holder tube. This plate or rib of metal serves as guide to the wick-holder and
prevents its making any rotary movement.
The key or winder which works the pinion actuating the rack is composed of an
axle, of a sleeve or tube covering this axle and a button or knob.
To prevent leakage of oil by the key I divide into two parts the sleeve or covering tube
of the axle and provide these two parts with two caps or cups hollowed or recessed facing

page_text: each other. I then place upon the axle a cork pierced with a hole in the centre for
its introduction thereupon. By bringing towards each other on the axle the two parts
of the covering, half of the cork is forcibly entered into each of the hollowed caps or
cups with which the two parts of the tube are furnished. In this way leakage
becomes impossible, the cork being tightly compressed in every direction.
To facilitate the lighting of the stove I make the upper part to pivot or open as on
a hinge by means of the following arrangements.
The lamp has four vertical supports each provided with a horizontal axle projecting
very slightly therefrom. The drum or stove is also provided with four vertical
supports each composed of a flat piece of metal at the end of which a suitable notch
or bearing is formed to permit it to rest upon the axle of the corresponding support
placed on the lamp.
Upon each of these supports of the stove is riveted a flexible plate of steel, or an
inert plate actuated by a small spiral spring. At the end of this plate a hole is
formed of the diameter of the axle upon the corresponding support of the lamp, so
that the end of this axle may automatically enter the hole to fix or key the stove on
the lamp.
The frame keeping a sheet of mica between its sides and those of the chimney is
provided at its upper part with a metal lap, flange, or inclined projection intended to
guard the mica from the products which may fall from the cooking vessels, and
thereby prevent obscuration of the mica.
Threads of cotton are previously passed into the wick to a suitable height
for attaching it to the wick-holder in order that it may be, changed rapidly and
easily.
The burner is fixed on the lamp by means of slits and of bosses or projections in
combination. The flexibility given by the slits permits passing the bossage under the
extremity of a cylindrical and vertical piece forming part of the lamp. I thus obtain
a spring closure superior in working to screw fastenings and less costly.
To decrease the action of the flame and spread the heat uniformly under the.
vessels, and also with the object of keeping culinary preparations simply warm, I con-
struct a heat spreader composed of two metal plates fixed apart from each other by
metal columns so as to preserve between them a free space for the circulation of
atmospheric air.
This spreader may also be constructed of a single plate in which will be stamped
or formed ribs of suitable height to reserve a cushion of air between the vessel and
the plate, or again, of a plate upon which will be riveted supports to keep the dishes
at a suitable distance. It may be thus made by casting.
To prevent the Kitcheners, ovens and other apparatuses containing the lamps or
stoves radiating on these latter heat in sufficient quantity to heat them I have intro-
duced under the lower plate of these apparatuses an under plate fixed at some distance
from the lower plate so that there remains between these two plates a free space for
the circulation of atmospheric air.
This arrangement avoids the projection of radiant heat upon the burners.
To send the heat upon a piece of meat to be roasted in a roaster, into an oven, or
upon the sides of an oven, I use curvilineal, rectilineal or arched plates of metal
placed in an oblique position above the chimneys to transport the heat as may be
required.
This arrangement prevents the radiation of heat upon the burners and by cooking
the joints at the side of the burners permits the drippings or juices of the meat to be
collected without burning them.
Wings may be placed in their vertical direction under these metal plates with the
object of spreading the heat sideways over a larger surface by means of their curve or
inclination. They are so placed as to spread the heat on each side to the right and
left of a very broad plate.
Horizontal plates having vertical bends or parts and placed in an inclined position
permit spreading the heat of a burner over a great breadth, for example under a long
coffee roaster.

page_text: and in a horizontal position sending part of the heat of a burner working at the side
of the oven directly under the vessels placed above the level of the oven upon the
Kitchener, and which, when opened and in an inclined position permit sending the
whole of the heat upon the piece to be roasted in the oven itself.
The sides of these ovens are also provided with diverging plates of metal placed
horizontally against them and inclined to a degree suitable for spreading the heat over
a great extent of their surface. Converging plates placed horizontally with relative
inclination above the first bring the heat to the middle and the upper part of the
oven.
A movable sliding double bottom permits the partial withdrawal of the joints for
basting them.
By these means I introduce the products of combustion into the oven itself and
cook more rapidly: I have also by means of the plates a better utilisation of the
heat.
To spread the heat uniformly under a gridiron I use concentric divergent cones
thereby cooking uniformly over a large surface.
To heat houses and baths, as also for heating conservatories, and analogous purposes,
I use a worm of tubes coiled above a burner. Above this worm is a reservoir of
variable capacity which collects the heat disengaged from the burner and not
assimilated or taken by the worm. This reservoir is itself connected with the main
water supply of the house.
The Kitcheners or Cooking ranges are so constructed that the burners are placed
under the ovens. Nevertheless on each side of these stoves, fitted to slide in the base,
are plates or small tables which permit placing the lamp at the side of the stove and
cooking directly over the burners. In some constructions of stove these plates or
tables are hinged.
I also construct heating stoves with bottom or top receiving heat directly from the
burner and suitably inclined not to radiate heat on the burners but send it into the
enclosure or place to be heated.
In my heating stoves the products of combustion rise in the half of an annular
space existing between two cylinders and descend again in the other half of this
annular space, divided into two by a partition, to then escape by an orifice placed at
a height corresponding with or but slightly higher than the level of the chimney of
the burner.
By this arrangement the draught of the burner chimney may be kept from excessive
increase and the proper working of the burners insured.
Cold air enters my heating stoves by a flat arched semicircular tube placed
behind the burner; this tube being continually cooled by the air cools by con-
ductibility the lower portion of the heater or stove which prevents the heating of
the burner.
Reflectors are placed behind the burner chimneys and thus employed in com-
bination with the chimneys to send the heat radiating from these latter into the
space to be heated thereby avoiding the return of this radiant heat upon the
burners.
I construct a roasting apparatus with a flat bottom and an arched part of metal
which forms the sides and the dome or top. The bottom and the door are each
formed of or provided with a metal plate the section of which is proportioned to the
arch of the upper part.
At the lower part of the lateral sides are two hinged doors (one on each side)
which permit the introduction into the roaster of the extremity of the inclined plates
which project or convey the heat of one or several burners placed at the side of the
roaster upon the meat placed upon the grill or support within the roaster.
These doors lower on to the projecting or heat conveying plates and even serve as
lengthening pieces or extensions thereof when the burners are far from the roaster ;
in this case they also play the part of inclined plates to project the heat upon the
piece or joint to be roasted.

page_text: A grill or grating to support the joint to be roasted is set upon four metal supports
above a dripping or sauce pan so that the meat to be roasted may be partially or
wholly withdrawn for inspection and treatment, by causing the pan to slide upon the
bottom of the roaster in passing in or out of it.
Dated this First day of October 1888
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Apparatus for Heating and Cooking by
Mineral Oil.
I JACQUES AIMÉ VAGNER of 226 Rue Lafayette, Paris, in the Republic of France,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
This invention relates to improvements in apparatus for heating and cooking by
mineral oil which I will now proceed to describe reference being had to the accom-
panying sheets of drawing and to the Figures and Letters of reference placed
thereon.
.
Figure 1 represents in vertical section a lamp surmounted by a stove. Caps B
and B¹ perforated with holes C, or without perforations, are fixed in suitable number
either at the lower part of the chimney D or upon the lamp itself as shown on the
drawing, so as to bring and project the air which feeds combustion exteriorly upon
the vertical outer surface of the wick E in superposed currents so as to cool and
extinguish it upon its outer surface while the distillation of the gases takes place upon
the vertical inner surface of the wick which alone remains alight.
When the lamp burns with a powerful flame, the wick issues from 8 to 10 milli-
meters from the burner. In this position the upper currents of air, indicated by the
arrows F¹, serve to cool and extinguish the upper portion of the outer vertical part
and the horizontal upper part of the wick. The lower current of air, indicated by
the arrow F, serves to keep cool and extinguished the lower part of the vertical
outer surface of the wick and prevent the production of any combustion on this
part.
When the lamp burns with a reduced flame the wick projects only from about 2 to
3 millimeters from the burner. The upper currents of air F' being placed at a higher
level no longer reach the wick and the lower current of air F alone suffices to cool
it. Receiving now but a small quantity of air the wick is not too much cooled and
the combustion gives out no smell.
These caps may take various shapes and may even be replaced by flat rings or
suitably cut or stamped pieces of metal acting in the same manner for the cooling of
the wick and to increase combustion.
The wick-holder G (see Figure 2) is provided at its ends with slits H which give it
the requisite elasticity to permit its sliding without play and without oscillations upon
the central tube A of the lamp so that it cannot wedge thereupon.
Figure 3 represents a wick-holder provided with flexible plates I adjusted to assure
the necessary elasticity for sliding without play upon the central tube A (Fig. 1). It
gives the same results as that shown Figure 2 although differently constructed.
The central tube of the lamp (A Figure 4) is provided with a metal plate J of
suitâble thickness to lodge in the notches H¹ of the wick-holder (Figure 2) and keep
it from turning.
The tube K which covers the axle or spindle of the pinion actuating the rack to
raise the wick (Fig. 1) is provided with two stamped caps or cups M within which is
confined a washer L, of cork or other material forming a hermetical joint to prevent
leakage of petroleum by the key.
The stove shown Figure 1 is made to pivot. Figure 1ª represents a side view
shewing the method of spring fastening. The support N is provided with a metal

page_text: plate actuated by S OF KNOO
receiving or stop piece O fixed on the lamp is provided with a projecting pin or
stud 01.
The plate Phas a hole corresponding in diameter with the thickness of the pro-
jecting pin O¹ and placed on the same level as this latter. In resting the stove on the
lamp the hole made in the plate P, is entered upon the projecting pin O' by the
action of the spiral spring R. The lamp is thus locked upon the stove.
This system of spring locking or fastening is equally applicable to stoves in which
the supports N are replaced by a circular casing of sheet iron resting upon the
lamp.
Figure 5 is a vertical section of the burner S of the lamp (outer part). Figure 6
is a vertical section through the reservoir or container of the lamp. The outer
burner is furnished with slits U and embossments or projections V. The flexibility
which the slits U give to the shoulder of the burner permit the embossments V to
expand or catch under the collar X of the lamp when the burner S is pressed down
upon it.
I therefore thus obtain a spring fastening or closure.
A sheet iron plate a (Figure 7) is fixed under the lower horizontal side of the
ovens by lateral sides band by counter-rivets 61 which secure it leaving a space
for circulation of air between the plate a and the lower horizontal side of the
ovens.
This plate a is bent at its forepart and rises vertically to the level of the upper
part of the ovens, parallel with and exterior to the vertical side closing the ovens at
the back; always at a distance therefrom in order to preserve a space for circulation
of air in a vertical direction between the plate a in its bent part and the vertical side
closing the ovens at the back.
'
The plate a the sides b and the sides of the oven therefore constitute a flat con-
duit in which a depression is established when the oven becomes heated. Air enters
cold into the lower horizontal part of this flat conduit and it escapes by its upper
orifice at the level of the upper part of the ovens after having cooled the lower
horizontal side of the ovens which prevents its radiating heat upon the lamp.
Figure 8 represents, in section in its application to a gril or grate d (which may
be transformed into an oven or roaster by the addition of the movable hood e; parts
furnished in both cases with a receptacle or pan to collect the drippings or juices of
the meat, the whole arranged above but on one side of the source of heat or lamp h)
a curved metal plate or conduit c closed laterally by a metal side or partition, which
joins it to a plate c' closing the space comprised between the source of heat or lamp
and the roasting apparatus in such a manner as to collect the products of combustion
and direct them upon the meat to be cooked, spread upon the gril or grating.
Wings g are placed in vertical plane under the plate c. They start from the centre
of the plate c and extend in diverging towards the lateral sides so as to project the
products of the combustion in a sheet of great breadth. In certain cases these wings
may be dispensed with.
In Figure 7 the plate or conduit c is placed within an oven i which becomes
heated by the radiation of this plate. Further, it is of one piece with the oven.
The plate c'is constructed by bending the partition plate of the adjoining oven. These
plates may be closed by lateral sides or left open.
The plates or conduits c and c¹ used to conduct the products of combustion may
be curvilineal, rectilineal, or angular according to requirement. They may form an
extension of or addition to the heating chamber or lamp or be of a piece therewith.
In Figure 10, which represents in section a coffee roaster, the plates c (also
shown in section Figure 11) are provided with vertical flanges j. They are applied
to spread the heat uniformly under the whole length of the coffee roaster.
Figure 9 represents, in section, a roasting oven placed in a kitchener. A hinged
plate k is used, when it is opened, to conduct the products of combustion upon the
meat to be roasted laid upon the gril. This plate plays absolutely the same part,
and may in certain cases replace the plates c of Figs. 7, 8 and 10.

page_text: In certain cases it may be required to spread the products of combustion into three
or four parts to bring into action three or four cooking apparatuses at once.
Figure 12 represents in plan in relief and Figure 13 in vertical section, a con-
struction of conductor of the products of.combustion into four compartments c, c, c, c,
each formed by a curved or arched plate dished or stamped in form of a shell, a
plate c'constituting the lower side of the compartment. Each compartment presents
a curve rising in the direction to be given to the corresponding part of the current
(Fig. 13). The four compartments unite in two horizontal lines crossed at a central
point corresponding with the centre of the flame.
Figure 14 represents in section a heating stove. The bottom or top receiving
the products of combustion is constructed of a rectilineal or curvilineal plate inclined
obliquely so as not to radiate heat upon the source of heat or lamp and to reflect
and send heat into the chamber to be heated.
A plate is situated some distance from the plate 1. These plates being provided
with lateral sides, form a channel or flat tube if the heating stove is rectangular_as
shown on the drawing, or half arched or curved if the heating stove is of semicircular
form. The cold air arrives in this tube by orifices m situated at the lower part of the
bottom of the plate land and follows the direction indicated by the arrows to then
escape into the chamber or compartment to be heated.
"
The current of air cools the lower parts of the plates and land all the lower part
of the heating stove and thus prevents heating of the burner and of the lamp.
A reflector n is placed behind the lamp and reflects the calorific rays into the
chamber to be heated.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
In mineral Oil stoves :-
1. The devices B, B', in form of caps, or other forms, perforated or non-perforated,
for cooling the wick substantially as described with reference to Figure 1 of the
Drawings.
2. The wick-holder furnished with slits H or plates I substantially as described with
reference to Figures 2 and 3 of the Drawings, for the purpose specified.
3. The guide J of the central tube, substantially as described with reference to
Figure 4 of the Drawings, for the purpose specified.
4. The cork washer L and the stamped caps or cups M substantially as described
with reference to Figure 1 of the Drawings, for the purpose specified.
5. The spiral spring R substantially as described with reference to Figure 1 of the
Drawings, for the purpose specified.
6. The slits U in combination with the embossments V on the shoulder of the
burners substantially as described with reference to Fig. 5 of the Drawings, for the
purpose specified.
7. The lower plate a placed at a distance from the oven substantially as described
with reference to Figure 7 of the Drawings, for the purpose specified.
8. The devices c Figures 7, 8, 10, 11, 12 and 13, and K figure 9 of the Drawings,
the forms of which may vary, and which may be provided or not with lateral or with
lower sides or plates, and be placed outside or inside the ovens or roasters, for the
purpose of obtaining under a grill, or in an oven, or a roaster, the circulation of the
products of combustion in direct contact with the food, outside the perpendicular of
the heater or lamp; substantially as described with reference to the Drawings.
9. The devices c Figures 7, 8, 10, 11, 12 and 13, and the device K figure 9 of the
Drawings in combination :-
a) with a grill intended to receive the food and whether set in an oven or a
roaster or not.
b) with a roaster or an oven
substantially as described with reference to the Drawings.

page_text: 10. The wings g fixed under the device c substantially as described with reference
to Figure 8 of the Drawings, for the purpose specified.
11. The plate placed in an inclined position above the lamp or heater in the
heating stove for the purpose of preventing radiation of the heat upon the burner
substantially as described with reference to Figure 14 of the Drawings.
12. The plate in combination with the plate for obtaining a circulation of
air between them substantially as described with reference to Figure 14 of the
Drawings.
1000