IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING POTS AND OTHER HOLLOW CASTINGS
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Binnie, of Falkirk Iron Works, Falkirk,
Stirlingshire, Manager, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING POTS AND OTHER HOLLOW CASTINGS."
Scaled the 13th June 1871, and dated the 29th March 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Binnie at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th March 1871.
I, GEORGE BINNIE, of Falkirk Iron Works, Falkirk, Stirlingshire,
Manager, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING POTS AND OTHER
HOLLOW CASTINGS," to be as follows:-
My Invention has reference to an improved construction of and mode
of operating with mould boxes for producing hollow castings, more
particularly pots or cauldrons having projecting feet and handles. For

page_text: this purpose I form two half patterns of the pot, each projecting from a
separate flat bed plate, and having also a projecting flange round the
top side or opening of the pot. These patterns have holes at the points
where the feet are to be, and the patterns for the feet are connected to
levers hinged to the before mentioned rim, whereby the feet may be
made to project through and be withdrawn from the holes. A separate
plate or gate" fitting the contour of the half pattern, and having the
half pattern for the handles formed thereon, is laid over the bed-plate
and a removeable half pattern or core for forming the "runner" hole is
placed on the gate at the bottom of the pattern, a half mould box is then
placed over the pattern and is secured against the "gate" (so as entirely
to enclose the space surrounding the pattern) by means of pins on the
gate passing through holes in the mould box and secured by cotters
passing through the pins. On the second half mould box the pins are
on the box and pass through holes in the gate. The mould box has a
large aperture on its upper side through which the sand is rammed
in round the pattern, and after the ramming has been completed the
said aperture is partly closed by means of a broad strap hinged to one
side of the aperture and fastened at the other side by a cotter. The
patterns for the legs are now pushed through the holes in the pattern, so
as to form corresponding moulds for the legs in the sand, after which
the said patterns are again withdrawn. The mould box containing the
half mould and with the gate fixed thereto is then lifted off the half
pattern and the gate is then removed from the mould box. The second
half mould having been formed in precisely the same manner it will be
seen that by fitting the two half mould boxes together the complete
external mould of the pot is formed, requiring only the introduction of
the core for forming the hollow of the pot. For forming this core a
mould box is employed having the bottom or concave part of the pattern
for the core fixed therein, while the pattern for the upper part of the
core is formed of two loose halves fitted into the open top of the mould
box. A loose ring having been fitted into the open top of the mould
box this is rammed with sand, after which the mould box is turned over
so as to rest upon the said ring, and the mould box is withdrawn leaving
the moulded core, as also the loose halves of the pattern upon the ring.
After removing the loose halves of the pattern from the core the before
described mould boxes with the two halves of the external mould for the
pot are placed upon the ring, so as to enclose the core, leaving a space

page_text: all round between it and the mould, and the mould boxes are secured
together in that position by the before mentioned pins and cotters, after
which the metal is run into the space between the mould and the core
through the before mentioned runner hole, thus forming the pot or other
hollow casting.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said George Binnie in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 28th September 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
BINNIE, of Falkirk Iron Works, Falkirk, Stirlingshire, Manager, send.
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-ninth day of March, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the thirty-
fourth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said George Binnie, Her special licence
that I, the said George Binnie, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said George Binnic, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,. use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING POTS AND OTHER HOLLOW CASTINGS,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said George Binnie, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Binnie,. do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to bo performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and

page_text: say) -
"
My Invention has reference to an improved construction of and mode
of operating with mould boxes for producing hollow castings, more
particularly pots or cauldrons having projecting feet and handles. For
this purpose I form two half patterns of the pot each projecting from a
separate flat bed plate, and having also a projecting flange round the top
side or opening of the pot. These patterns have holes at the points
where the feet are to be, and the patterns for the feet are connected to
levers hinged to the before mentioned rim, whereby the fect may be
made to project through and be withdrawn from the holes. A separate
plate or gate" fitting the contour of the half pattern and having
the half pattern for the handles formed thereon is laid over the bed
plate, and a removable half pattern or core for forming the "runner
hole is placed on the gate at the bottom of the pattern. A half
mould box is then placed over the pattern and is secured against the
"gate" (so as entirely to enclose the space surrounding the pattern) by
means of pins on the gate passing through holes in the mould box,
and secured by cotters passing through the pins. On the second half
mould box the pins are on the box and pass through holes in the gate.
The mould box has a large aperture on its upper side through which
the sand is rammed in round the pattern, and after the ramming has
been completed the said aperture is partly closed by means of a broad
strap hinged to one side of the aperture, and fastened at the other side
by a cotter. The patterns for the legs are now pushed through the holes
in the pattern so as to form corresponding moulds for the legs in the
sand, after which the said patterns are again withdrawn. The mould
box containing the half mould and with the gate fixed thereto is then
lifted off the half pattern, and the gate is then removed from the mould
box. The second half mould having been formed in precisely the same
manner it will be seen that by fitting the two half mould boxes together
the complete external mould of the pot is formed, requiring only the
introduction of the core for forming the hollow of the pot. For forming
this core a mould box is employed, having the bottom or concave part of
the pattern for the core fixed therein, while the pattern for the upper
part of the core is formed of two loose halves fitted into the open top

page_text: of the mould box. A loose ring having been fitted into the open
top of the mould box this is rammed with sand, after which the
mould box is turned over so as to rest upon the said ring, and the
mould box is withdrawn, leaving the moulded core as also the loose
halves of the pattern upon the ring. After removing the loose halves
of the pattern from the core the before described mould boxes with
the two halves of the external mould for the pot are placed upon the
ring, so as to enclose the core, leaving a space all round between it
and the mould, and the mould boxes are secured together in that
position by the before mentioned pins and cotters, after which the metal
is run into the space between the mould and the core through the
before-mentioned runner hole, thus forming the pot or other hollow
casting.
On the accompanying Sheet of Drawings is shewn the construction of
my before described improved apparatus for making pots and other
hollow castings as applied to the manufacture of pots or cauldrons
having projecting feet and handles.
"
Figure 1 shews a side elevation, partly in section, of the one half
mould box and half pattern fixed together ready for ramming in the sand;
Figure 2 shews a plan of the half pattern without the mould box;
Figures 3 and 4 shew respectively a side view and a plan of the "gate
having the half patterns for the handles; Figure 5 shews a detached side
view of the half mould for the runner; Figures 6, 7, and 8, shew
respectively a side view, an end view, and a plan of the mould box for
the half pattern; Figure 9 shews a vertical section of the mould box for
the core; Figures 10 and 11 shew respectively a vertical section. and
an clevation of the two half mould boxes fitted together over the core
ready for casting; and Figure 12 shews a plan of the ring carrying the
mould for the core.
The same letters of reference indicate the same parts throughout the
Figures.
A is the half pattern of the pot fixed or formed on the base plate B;
C, C, are two separate patterns for the feet which can be made to project
through holes in the pattern A by means of levers D, carried by
brackets E, and connected by links F to the patterns C, C; G is the gate
carrying the half patterns H, H, for the handles, and formed with a con-

page_text: figuration corresponding with that of the pattern A as shewn, which
gate together with the half pattern I for the runner is placed upon the
base plate B, as shewn at Figures 1 and 2. Upon this gate is placed
the half mould box K fitting with its open end against the flange B¹
formed round the pattern A and secured in position by pins K¹ passing
through holes in lugs G¹ on the gate and fastened by cotters. The top
of the mould box is open as shewn, for filling in the sand, and it
has a broad strap K hinged thereto, which when the ramming has,
been completed is turned over the opening and secured so as to retain
the sand in the box. Before ramming in the sand the feet C, C, arc
withdrawn by means of the lever D, and they are forced out after
the box has been rammed and then withdrawn again, thus leaving
the moulds for the feet in the sand. After the ramming the mould
box together with the gate is lifted off the half pattern A, leaving
the half mould of the pot in the box. The box is then turned over
and the gate G is removed, and a second half mould box having
been prepared in a precisely similar manner the two are fixed together
over the core L, Figure 10, by means of the pins K¹ on the one half
mould box fitting through holes in lugs on the second half mould box
and secured by cotters. The gate to the second half mould box has
pins passing through the said holes so as to fix the two parts together
while ramming.
The mould box M, Fig. 9, for forming the core L has the bottom"
or concave part M₁ of the pattern for the core formed or fixed
therein, while the upper part of the pattern is formed by two loose
halves M², M³, fitted into the open top of the mould box. A loose
ring N, Fig. 12, having been fitted on to the top of the box, and
secured by cotters passing through the pins M³, the box is rammed
with sand, and is then turned over so as to rest on the ring N,
after which it is withdrawn, leaving the core L together with the loose
patterns M² on the ring. The loose patterns are then removed and
the mould boxes K, K, are fixed together over the core upon the
ring N, as, shewn at Figures 10 and 11. The mould is then ready for
casting through the runner O.
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I wish it to be understood that I do
not claim as of my Invention the various details of apparatus herein-

page_text: before described when considered separate and apart from their com-
bination as set forth; but what I claim is,―
First. The combination of parts constituting apparatus for making
pots and other hollow castings herein-before described and shewn on the
accompanying Sheet of Drawings.
Second. The method of operating with such combined apparatus for
the production of pots and other hollow castings as herein-before set
forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Binnie, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of September, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight.hundred and seventy-one.
GEORGE BINNIE. (L.S.)