Improved Construction or Arrangement of Combined Cee and Elliptic Springs for Road Vehicles.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 7th Mar., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 7th Dec., 1893-Accepted, 13th Jan., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improved Construction or Arrangement of Combined Cee and
Elliptic Springs for Road Vehicles.
I, JAMES IVALL, of 172 Falcon Road, Clapham Junction, Surrey, Coach
Builder, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The object of this invention, is an improved construction, or arrangement of
combined cee and elliptic springs for road vehicles generally.
The invention consists of two springs, one a cee, and the other, a part of an
elliptic, so constructed that the whole of the weight is carried from above.
The cee spring is so shaped that part of it serves as the bottom half elliptic, and
with the bow of the cee attached to the pump handle, or other part directly over
the axle, or near to same if arranged to the hind part of a carriage, but to the
futchell wheel irons, or otherwise if fitted to a fore carriage, if a four wheeler.
The spring of a brougham (or any other carriage) to produce the greatest
amount of ease with strength, and for its general appearance without a perch, is as
follows: An elliptic spring with the hind bottom end carried up as a cee spring
and round to the top of pump handle over the boarings of the elliptic spring
portion, and on the top of bottom bed of front carriage. The bottom half of such
elliptic is of the usual strength, the plates of the cee portion being gradually drawn
off until only one plate (the back) is left as the cee spring. The top half of the
elliptic is constructed with cup head and bolt in front. The whole of the bearings
and connections are perpendicularly or nearly so, over each other, and the play of
the spring is in the new construction of the upper portion or cee end of the
continued bottom, weighted down by the body to carry it in proper position, thus
the least extra weight from passengers added to the light top of the cee part
already weighted down by the body of any carriage to its proper level, causes
immediate and easy action.
The advantages of the spring are, that with the usual weight of an elliptic spring,
there is a perfect playing cee elliptic spring of great ease and steadiness, obviating
the unpleasant rolling motion of the perch hung carriage.
In consequence of the construction of this spring perfect safety against accident
is ensured, and from its form is more compact on the carriage than with the usual
long elliptic and has less length in its general appearance.
In consequence of the use of this spring on a carriage doing away with the heavy
under perch, although giving as much ease in riding, it decreases the weight
of such carriage to about one third, and at the same time lessens the cost in the
same proportion.
From the bearings of this spring being perpendicular, or nearly so, over each
other, it does away with any tendency to the unpleasant kick of all so called
improved springs, and gives a much greater amount of steadiness to the carriage
throughout. It can also be applied to the usual perch carriage, thereby doing
away with the leather braces, and metal jacks &c., and instead of the unpleasant
swinging motion giving a perfect easy up and down motion.
Dated this 7th day of March 1893.
H. GARDNER,
Patent Agent, 166, Fleet Street, London,
Agent for the said James Ivall.

page_text: Improved Construction or Arrangement of Combined Cee and
Elliptic Springs for Road Vehicles.
1, JAMES IVALL, of 172 Falcon Road, Clapham Junction, Surrey, Coach
Builder, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement :-
This invention relates to an improved construction or arrangement of combined
cee and elliptic springs for road vehicles generally.
.
The invention consists of two springs, one a cee A, Figure 1, and the other a
part B of an elliptic, so constructed that the whole of the weight is carried from
above. The action of the cee spring is always pulling upwards in opposition to
all other springs on which the dead weight is fixed, said spring end being drawn
down and put in tension for its connection to the vehicle, so that it just about
balances the weight of the vehicle body. The tender action of this spring is such
that the easy play (being a continuation of action after the dead weight of the
body is provided for) is that with only the weight of a child, or with six or more
people, it is always at work, no more strength being called into play than is
required for each additional occasion.
The cee spring is so shaped that the part C. serves as the bottom half elliptic,
and with the bow D of the cee attached to the pump handle E, or other part
directly over the axle F, or near to same if arranged to the hind part of a carriage,
but to the futchell, wheel irons, or otherwise if fitted to a fore carriage of a four
wheeler, as at Figure 2.
The spring of a brougham (or any other carriage) to produce the greatest
amount of ease with strength, and for its general appearance without a perch, is as
follows: An elliptic spring with the hind bottom end carried up as a cee spring
and round to the top of pump handle over the bearings of the elliptic spring
portion, and on the top of bottom bed of front carriage. The bottom half of such
elliptic is of the usual strength, the plates of the cee portion being gradually
drawn off until only one plate (the back) is left as the cee spring. The top part-
elliptic is constructed with cup head and bolt in front. The whole of the
bearings and connections are perpendicularly, or nearly so, over each other, and
the play of the spring is in the new construction of the upper portion, or cee end
of the continued bottom, weighted down by the body to carry it in proper position,
thus the least extra weight from occupants added to the light top of the cee part
already weighted down by the body of any carriage to its proper level, causes
immediate and easy action.
The advantages of the spring are, that with the usual weight of an elliptic
spring, there is a perfect playing cee elliptic spring of great ease and steadiness,
obviating the unpleasant rolling motion of the perch hung carriage.
In consequence of the construction of this spring, perfect safety against accident
is ensured, and from the form on the carriage is more compact than with the usual
long elliptic, and has less length in its general appearance.
In consequence of the use of this spring on a carriage doing away with the
heavy under perch, although giving as much ease in riding, it decreases the weight
of such carriage to about one third, and at the same time lessens the cost in the
same proportion.
From the bearings of this spring being perpendicular or nearly so, over each
other, it does away with any tendency to the unpleasant kick of all so called
improved springs, and gives a much greater amount of steadiness to the carriage
throughout. It can also be applied to the usual perch carriage, thereby doing

page_text: away with the leather braces, and metal jacks &c., and instead of the unpleasant
swinging motion, giving a perfect easy up and down motion.
The following are the advantages of my invention over known cee springs:-
That it is positively the only playing cee elliptic spring having direct perpen-
dicular action and being the only one made on true mechanical principles.
That it has the same steadiness and strength as an elliptic.
That it has no braces, jacks, or other loose fittings.
That with greater ease it prevents the enormous strain (often to breakage) on
the upper portion of all cee elliptics as now in use.
That it is non-breakable.
That from the perpendicular action and steadiness it does away with all the
disagreeable jump or end kick on the axle when in use.
That it is the only spring that is alive and in tension from the weight of the
vehicle body (suspended).
That in consequence of the action being upward, the noise and chatter usually
found in the eye-bolts and heads of an elliptic are done away with.
That it is equally well adapted for the smallest or largest carriage.
That from the formation of the upper cee part, only as much action is called in
play, as required for each additional person using the carriage, it having the same
ease for one as for a greater number.
That when mounted, it is very compact, and nearly takes the appearance of a
cee spring perch carriage.
That it is also a perfect spring for any two wheel carriage, both in action and
appearance.
That it can be applied to all cee springs of perch carriages without either braces
or jacks, and as a consequence, without the unpleasant side roll of body or perch
carriages.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what mauner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. Constructing or combining a cee spring terminating as half elliptic spring
with a part elliptic spring, and so affixing them as to suspend the weight of the
body from the bow of the cee, said bow being put in tension thereby as set forth
with reference to Figure 1 of the annexed drawings.
2. Supporting the body of a vehicle from the ends of bows of cee springs, as
described and shown, from above by suspension in opposition to weight of the body
resting on the spring as a dead weight.
The 7th day of December 1893
H. GARDNER,
Patent Agent, 166, Fleet Street, London,
Agent for the said James Ivall.
H. GARDNER,
Patent Agent, 166, Fleet Street, London,
Agent for the said James Ivall.