IMPROVE- MENTS IN VALVE GEAR FOR STEAM AND OTHER ENGINES WORKED
Year: 1884

page_text: Worked by Fluid Pressure.
I, GEORGE CAWLEY of 67 King Street Manchester in the County of Lancaster
Mechanical Engineer do hereby declare the nature of my invention for IMPROVE-
MENTS IN VALVE GEAR FOR STEAM AND OTHER ENGINES WORKED BY FLUID
PRESSURE to be as follows:-
These Improvements relate to the valve gear of steam and other engines operated
by fluid pressure and have for their objects
(1) To obtain the motion of the main valve direct from the engine crank pin or
from some point in or upon the connecting rod having a path approximate to that
described by the crank pin.
(2) To obtain the motion of the expansion valve from the rod lever or other
apparatus driving the main valve.
(3) To determine or vary the admission of steam or other fluid through the
agency of a lever having a movable fulcrum attached to a centrifugal or other
governor or alternatively attached to a frame, nuts or other apparatus adjustable
by hand.
(4) To obtain the motion of the throttle valve so that it will rapidly close when
the engine tends to exceed or has exceeded its normal rate of speed.
(5) To obtain the motion of the centrifugal or other governor which regulates
and determines the motion of the expansion and throttle valves from the crank
disc or its equivalent.
For the purpose of obtaining the motion of the main valve from the engine crank
pin or from some point in or upon the connecting rod having a path approximate
to that described by the crank pin, I attach to the crank pin or to the connecting
rod one end of a rod or lever to the other end of which is pivoted or jointed a
second lever pivoted upon a pin fixed to a bracket or frame attached to a
convenient part of the engine framing or bed. To the end of the second lever is
pivoted a connecting rod attached to the main valve spindle. The motion imparted
to the main valve by this arrangement is similar to that derived from an eccentric
as ordinarily placed for driving the main valve.
To obtain the motion of the expansion valve from the rod or lever driving the
main valve I attach to that rod or lever or to an extension of it by means of a pin

page_text: fixed at any convenient point another rod parallel to the second lever herein before
mentioned. This rod is connected by means of suitable levers and link-work to a
lever working upon a movable or fixed fulcrum and the end of this lever is
attached to the expansion valve spindle to which a motion is imparted similar to
that which would be derived from an eccentric placed at right angles to the
eccentric which ordinarily drives the main valve.
In order to determine or vary the admission of steam or other fluid to the engine
cylinder I attach to the lever pivoted to the expansion valve spindle a fulcrum
carried on a sliding block or frame or other suitable arrangement which is moved
by the governor or alternatively is moved by a hand wheel and screw or other
adjusting arrangements. By this arrangement the travel or extent of motion of
the expansion valve is made variable and the admission of the steam or other fluid
to the engine cylinder thereby varied or determined.
For the purpose of rapidly closing the throttle valve when the engine tends to
exceed or has exceeded its normal rate of speed I attach to the loose collar or muff
of the governor or to some rod lever or apparatus actuated by the governor one.
end of a rod or link the other end of which is attached to the throttle valve spindle
and such rod or link is placed at any convenient angle to the throttle valve spindle.
By the angular position of this rod or link the throttle valve has imparted to it a
variable motion which increases as the speed of the engine increases and inversely.
The effect of this arrangement is to produce a rapid closing of the throttle valve
when the engine exceeds its normal rate of speed.
To obtain the motion of the governor which regulates and determines the motion
of the throttle and expansion valves I attach to a suitable lever or sliding frame a
friction wheel which rolls upon the crank disc or its equivalent and is pressed into
contact therewith by a suitable spring or weight. The motion of the friction wheel
is transmitted to the governor by any suitable band or tooth gearing and shafting.
By this frictional arrangement the steadiness of the governor motion is increased
and such motion is obtained without the aid of any driving arrangement connected
with or attached to the crank shaft at any point beyond the crank neck pedestal
ör plumner block as viewed from the centre line of the engine.

page_text: Improvements in Valve Gear for Steam and other Engines
Worked by Fluid Pressure,
I, GEORGE CAWLEY of 67, King Street Manchester in the County of Lancaster
Machanical Engineer do hereby declare the nature of my invention for IMPROVE-
MENTS IN VALVE GEAR FOR STEAM AND OTHER ENGINES WORKED BY FLUID
PRESSURE and in what manner the same is to be performed,- to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
These Improvements relate to Valve Gear of steam and other Engines operated
by fluid pressure and have for their objects:
(1.) To obtain the motion of the main Valve direct from the Engine Crank pin
or from some point in or upon the connecting rod having a path approximate to
that described by the Crank pin.
(2.) To obtain the motion of the Expansion Valve from the Crank pin or from
the rod lever or other apparatus driving the main valve.
(3.) To determine or vary the admission of steam or other fluid through the
agency of a lever having a movable fulcrum attached to a centrifugal or other
governor or alternatively attached to a frame, nuts or other apparatus adjustable
by hand.
(4.) To obtain the motion of the throttle valve so that it will rapidly close when
the engine tends to exceed or has exceeded its normal rate of speed.
(5.) To obtain the motion of the centrifugal or other governor which regulates
and determines the motion of the expansion and throttle valves from the crank
disc or its equivalent.
And in order that this my said Invention may be more readily understood and
carried into practical effect I have hereunto appended a sheet of Drawings the
Figures thereon being marked with similar letters to denote similar parts.
Fig. 1 is an elevation and Fig. 2 is a plan of an horizontal wall engine having
my Improvements applied thereto.
For the purpose of obtaining the motion of the main valve from the engine
crank pin or from some point upon the connecting rod having a path approximate
to that described by the crank pin, I attach to the crank pin or to some part of
the connecting rod one end of a rod or lever A, to the other end of or to a
projection from which is pivoted or jointed a second lever B. The lever B is
pivoted upon a pin C fixed to a bracket or frame attached to a convenient part of
the engine bed or framing. The lever B has an extension or arm beyond the pivot
or fulcrum C and is pinned or pivoted at L to a connecting rod K attached to the
main valve spindle so that the spindle is actuated from the crank pin or connecting
rod through the levers A B and the connecting rod K. The motion imparted to
the main valve by this arrangement is similar to that derived from an eccentric as
ordinarily placed for driving the main valve.
To obtain the motion of the expansion valve from the crank pin or from the
lever AI employ another rod or link D in combination with suitable rods levers
and linkwork connecting the rod or link D with the spindle of the expansion

page_text: valve. The rod or link D may be pinned or be otherwise similarly secured to either
the crank pin, the lever A or to any extension or projection therefrom. In the
Drawings appended hereto the expansion valve spindle is shown as actuated from
the rod or lever A by means of the link D, lever E; link F, and lever G the latter
being connected to the valve spindle through a slotted disc working in a seating H
formed in or upon the spindle, but any suitable means of connection may be
employed. The lever G. may be pivoted upon a fixed pin or sliding sleeve or as
shown in the Drawings, upon a movable pin or fulcrum M. By this arrangement
a motion is imparted to the expansion valve similar to that which would be derived
from an eccentric placed at a right angle to the eccentric which ordinarily drives
the main valve.
In order to determine or vary the admission of steam or other fluid to the
engine cylinder I attach to the lever G a fulcrum M carried on a sliding block or
frame N or other suitable arrangement which is moved by the governor or
alternatively may be moved by a hand wheel O and screw P or other means of
adjustment. By this arrangement the end of the lever G may be caused to actuate
the valve spindle from a point nearer to or further from the movable fulcrum and
the extent of the motion of the expansion valve is thus made variable and the
admission of the steam or other fluid to the engine cylinder is thereby varied or
determined.
For the purpose of rapidly closing the throttle valve when the engine tends to
exceed or has exceeded its normal rate of speed 1 attach to the loose collar or muff of
the governor or to some rod lever or apparatus actuated by the governor one end
of a rod or link R the other end of which is attached to the throttle valve
spindle S. By the angular position of the rod R the throttle valve has imparted
to it a variable motion or travel the rate of which increases as the speed of the
engine increases and vice versa. The effect of this arrangement is to produce a
more rapid closing or opening of the throttle valve as may be required when the
engine varies from its normal rate of speed.
To obtain the motion of the governor which regulates and determines the motion
or position of the throttle and expansion valves I attach to a suitable lever T or to
an equivalent sliding frame, a friction wheel V which rolls upon the crank disc or
its equivalent and is pressed into contact therewith by a suitable spring or weight.
As shown in the Drawings the weight of the friction wheel lever and driving pulley
is employed to secure frictional driving contact and this is aided by the tension
of the driving belt W. The motion of the friction wheel is transmitted to the
governor by any suitable band or tooth gearing and shafting. By this frictional
method of driving the steadiness of the governor motion is increased and such
motion is obtained without the aid of any driving arrangement connected with or
attached to the crank shaft at any point beyond the crank neck pedestal or
plummer block as viewed from the centre line of the engine.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
(1.) The combination and arrangement of the rod or lever A attached to the
crank pin or to some part of the connecting rod having a path approximating
thereto, with suitable levers links or rods connecting the rod or lever A with the
spindle of the main valve, substantially as and for the purpose herein before
described and as illustrated on the accompanying sheet of Drawings.
(2.) The combination and arrangement of the rod or link D connected to the crank
pin or to some part or extension of the rod or lever A, with the lever G connected
to the expansion valve spindle and the links rods or levers connecting the rod or
link D with the lever Ġ, substantially as and for the purpose herein before set
forth and described and as illustrated on the accompanying sheet of Drawings.
(3.) The combination of the lever G connected to the expansion valve spindle and
having a movable fulcrum, with suitable levers rods or linkwork for transmitting.

page_text: the motion of the crank pin or of a rod or lever attached thereto or to the engine
connecting rod, substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore described and as
illustrated on the accompanying sheet of Drawings.
(4.) The combination of a lever connected to the expansion valve and having a
fixed fulcrum, with suitable rods or link work for transmitting the motion of the
crank pin or of a rod or lever attached to the crank pin or to the engine
connecting rod, substantially as hereinbefore set forth and described.
(5.) The angular rod or lever R connecting the muff or loose collar of the
governor with the spindle of the throttle valve, substantially as hereinbefore
described and as illustrated on the accompanying sheet of Drawings.
(6.) The friction wheel or pulley V in combination with suitable belts and
pulleys or toothed wheels and shafts for transmitting the motion of the friction
wheel to the governor, substantially as herein before described and set forth and as
illustrated on the accompanying sheet of Drawings.
Dated this twenty seventh day of Auenst & D 188