IMPROVED ARRANGEMENTS FOR OBTAINING AND APPLYING MOTIVE POWER
Year: 1858

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Smith, of Seaforth, near Liverpool, in the
County of Lancaster, Gentleman, and Sydney Arthur Chease, of Liver-
pool, aforesaid, Gentleman, for the Invention of "IMPROVED ARRANGEMENTS
FOR OBTAINING AND APPLYING MOTIVE POWER."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Smith and Sydney
Arthur Chease at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition on the 14th August 1858.
We, JAMES SMITH, of Seaforth, near Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Gentleman, and SYDNEY ARTHUR CHEASE, of Liverpool, aforesaid, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED ARRANGEMENTS
FOR OBTAINING AND APPLYING MOTIVE POWER," to be as follows (that is to say) :-
"This Invention consists in certain mechanical appliances so arranged as.
to co-operate with the motive power of the atmosphere."
"On the plate or bed of the engine is bolted a metallic ring, having two plates
of iron firmly bolted on the sides by means of flanges. A square projection is.
cast on one part of the ring or cylinder, (this cylinder we call the sphere)..
On the projection or table is fixed an air-pump (which we call the compresser)
with which the air is forced into the sphere to any amount of density required
for working the engine. On the table is likewise fixed a flange having an
elbow joint with an aperture through the table into the sphere corresponding
with the core of the elbow joint."
"Near the sphere is fixed a cylinder (which we call the primary cylinder) on.
bearings springing from the bed of the engine. A piston is fitted to the
primary cylinder. On the plate of the piston is screwed a valve, made of strap

page_text: leather (which we call the plate valve), in the stufling box is a continuous
valve made of the same kind of leather as the plate valve, and kept in its
place by a ring screwed on the piston."
"The piston rod is bolted to a plate having two guide rods, that move.
in sockets screwed on the cylinder; the guide rods terminate in a crown
above the cylinder. The crown has a connecting joint that unites it to
the primary lever, (which we call the power conductor.) The power con-
ductor has jaws at one end & a horn-shaped projection and a pair of friction
wheels at the other. The horn passes between guide rods that spring from
and are fixed on the bed of the engine immediately in front of the primary
cylinder, the friction wheels running on a perpendicular plane, keeping the
power conductor in its place. The jaws clasp and are made fast to trunnions
projecting from a half beam (which we call the primary blade). The primary
blade has at one end a pair of jaws and trunnions at the other end.
trunnions are set in bearings springing from the bed of the engine."
The
A bar passes through the jaws of the primary blade; on the bar outside
the jaws are united connecting rods. The lower ends of these rods are made
fast to the ears of a piston fitted in a cylinder (which we call the secondary
cylinder). The piston has a continuous valve made of strap leather, which
allows the pressure of the atmosphere to exert itself against the face of the
piston of the secondary cylinder. Between the jaws of the primary blade on
the bar that passes through it, is fixed the crank rod (this rod we call the
atomic arm). This arm is divided into two parts, the lower part is held by an
eye, through which the bar in the jaws of the primary blade passes. The
upper part of the arm is made in two pieces bolted together, forming guide
rods to the lower part of the arm, which works freely through a socket.
head is bolted on it to hold it in its place. On the upper part of this arm a
bearing is attached, which unites it to the sweep of the shaft."
A
"By doubling the parts herein described, the crank is made to work at right
angles. On each side of the sweep is fixed cams (which we call secondary
blades)."
"The minor points of these blades fall on friction wheels, which set in the
ends of the secondary lever, (which we call the power supporter)."
"The other end of the power supporter is united to the
by means of a union rod."
power conductor
"As the secondary blades revolve with the motion of the shaft, the lower
bearer and the power conductor are raised together with the pistons of the
primary and secondary cylinders, and held in position until the sweep of
the crank passes three degrees beyond the angle of rest, when the major

page_text: points of the secondary blades quit the friction wheels at the ends of the
power supporter, leaving the atmospheric pressure to act on the piston of the
secondary cylinder, and the compressed air from the sphere to act on the
piston of the primary cylinder, causing them to fall simultaneously, forcing the
atomic arm attached to the sweep of the shaft from three degrees beyond
the angle of rest to three degrees before the centre of gravity; when again the
friction wheels of the power supporter is met by the minor points of the
secondary blades is raised and held in position until the major points aro
gained, when the power supporter, power conductor, and the pistons of the
primary and secondary cylinders again fall, and thus a successions of risings
and fallings are maintained until the communication between the primary
cylinder and the sphere is shut off, which is done by means of a cock
fixed on the head of the primary cylinder, and united by means of a pipe and
union joints to the elbow joint on the boss of the sphere."
"The compressor has a piston. The piston rod is united to a lever which is
used by a person to compress a sufficient quantity of air into the sphere, that
when turned on the piston of the primary cylinder, a perfect balance between
it and the piston of the secondary cylender is produced."
"The engine is then ready for use." "Gear is led from the power con-
ductor to the union joint of the compresser, causing a jet of air to be forced
through the compresser into the sphere at each revolution of the crank, and
and all power thus injected beyond that required for working the engine is
carried off by means of a safety valve affixed to the sphere, which valve is
regulated by atmospheric pressure on the piston of a small cylender, which
travels on a level by means of a screw."
"This engine (which we call the atomic engine) is capable of driving all
kinds of machinery which have been hitherto worked by steam, water, or
wind, giving the propelling power to a paddle or screw of a marine engine to
the driving wheels of the locomotive on the railway, and to all kinds of
stationary engines employed in mills and other works."
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Smith and Sydney Arthur Chease in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 12th February 1859.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, JAMES
5 SMITH, of Seaforth, near Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Gentleman,
and SYDNEY ARTHUR CREASE, of Liverpool aforesaid, Gentleman, send
greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Fourteenth day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-eight, in the twenty-second year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
us, the said James Smith and Sydney Arthur Chease, Her special licence
that we, the said James Smith and Sydney Arthur Chease, our executors,
administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said James Smith
and Sydney Arthur Chease, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain.
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IM-
PROVED ARRANGEMENTS FOR OBTAINING AND APPLYING MOTIVE POWER," upon the
condition (amongst others) that we, the said James Smith and Sydney
Arthur Chease, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under our, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said James Smith and Sydney Arthur
Chease, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement, reference being bad to the
accompanying Drawings, and the letters and figures marked thereon (that is
to say):
This Invention consists in certain mechanical appliances, so arranged as to
co-operate with the motive power of the atmosphere. On the plate or bed of
the engine is bolted a metallic ring having two plates of iron firmly bolted on
the sides by means of flanges. A square projection is cast on one part of the
ring or cylinder, (this cylinder we call the sphere). On the projection or
table is fixed an air-pump (which we call the compressor) with which the air
is forced into the sphere to any amount of density required for working the
engine. On the table is likewise fixed a flange having an elbow joint with an
aperture through the table into the sphere corresponding with the core of the
elbow joint. Near the sphere is fixed a cylinder (which we call the primary
cylinder), on bearings springing from the bed of the engine, a piston is fitted
to the primary cylinder. On the plate of the piston is screwed a valve made
of strap leather (which we call the plate valve); in the stufling box is a con-

page_text: tinuous valve made of the same kind of leather as the plate valve, and kept in
its place by a ring screwed on to the piston. The piston rod is bolted to a
plate having two guide rods that move in sockets screwed on the cylinder.
The guide rods terminate in a crown above the cylinder. The crown has a
connecting joint that unites it to the primary lever (which we call the power
conductor); the power conductor has jaws at one end, and a horned-shaped
projection, and a pair of friction wheels at the other. The horn passes between
guide rods that spring from and are fixed on the bed of the engine, and imme-
diately in front of the primary cylinder, the friction wheels running on a
perpendicular plane keeping the power conductor in its place. The jaws clasp
and are made fast to trunnions projecting from a half beam (which we call
the primary blade). The primary blade has at one end a pair of jaws, and
trunnions at the other end. The trunnions are set in bearings springing from
the bed of the engine. A bar passes through the jaws of the primary blade.
On the bar outside the jaws are united connecting rods; the lower ends of
these rods are made fast to the ears of a piston fitted in a cylinder (which wo
call the secondary cylinder). The piston has a continuous valve made of strap
leather, which allows the pressure of the atmosphere to exert itself against the
face of the piston of the secondary cylinder. Between the jaws of the primary
blade on the bar that passes through it, is fixed the crank rod (this rod we
call the atomic arm). This arm is divided into two parts, the lower part is
held by an eye, through which the bar in the jaws of the primary blade passes.
The upper part of the arm is made in two pieces bolted together, forming
guide rods to the lower part of the arm, which works freely through a socket.
A head is bolted on it to hold it in its place. On the upper part of this arm a
bearing is attached, which unites it to the sweep of the shaft. By doubling
the parts herein described, the crank is made to work at right angles. On
each side of the sweep is fixed cams (which we call secondary blades). The
minor points of these blades fall on friction wheels set on the ends of tho
secondary lever (which we call the power supporter). The other end of the
power supporter is united to the power conductor by means of union rods. As
the secondary blades revolve with the motion of the shaft the power bearer
and the power conductor are raised, together with the pistons of the primary.
cylinder and piston of the secondary cylinder (when a second cylinder is used),
are held in position until the sweep of the crank passes three degrees beyond
the angle of rest, when the major points of the secondary blades quit the friction
wheels, at the ends of the power supporter, leaving the atmospheric pressure
to act on the piston of the secondary cylinder, when employed, and the com-
pressed air from the sphere to act on the piston of the primary cylinder causing

page_text: them to fall simultaneously, forcing the atomic arm attached to the sweep of the
shaft, from three degrees beyond the angle of rest to three degrees before the
centre of gravity, when again the friction wheels of the power supporter is met
by the minor points of the secondary blades is raised and held in position until
the major points are gained, when the power supporter, power conductor, and
pistons of the primary and secondary (when employed) cylinders again fall,
and thus a succession of risings and fallings are maintained until the communi-
cation between the primary cylinder and the sphere is shut off, which is done
by means of a cock fixed on the head of the primary cylinder, and united by
means of a pipe and union joints to the elbow joint on the boss of the sphere.
The compressor has a piston. The piston rod is united to a lever which is used
by a person to compress a sufficient quantity of air into the sphere, that when
turned on the piston of the primary cylinder a perfect balance between it and
the piston of the secondary cylinder is produced. The engine is then ready for
When the secondary cylinder is not used, a clasp is fixed to the atomic
Gear is led from the power conductor or from the shaft to the union
joint of the compressor, causing a jet of air to be forced through the com-
pressor into the sphere at each revolution of the crank, and all power thus
injected beyond that required for working the engine is carried off by means of
a safety valve affixed to the sphere, which valve is regulated by atmospheric
pressure on the piston of a small cylinder, which travels on a lever by means
usc.
arm.
of a screw.
This engine (which we call the atomic engine) is capable of driving all
kinds of machinery which have been bitherto worked by steam, water, or
wind, giving the propelling power to the paddle or screw of a marine engine,
to the driving wheels of the locomotive on the railway, and to all kinds of
stationary engines employed in mills and other works.
That this our said Invention may be the more readily seen and understood,
we have hereunto annexed Drawings in illustration of one modification of our
improved double-acting atomic engines. Like letters and figures marked
thereon having reference to similar parts.
Figure 1 (Sheet A) represent a side clevation, partially in section, of one
of our improved double engines.
Figure 2 (Sheet B) exhibits the atmosphaerial combination of the engine;
Figure 3 (Sheet B) shows the mechanical arrangements for applying the
motive power of the engine.
Figure 4 (Sheet C), a sphere shown detached and as cast in one piece,
the compressor and pipes communicating with the cylinder being attached
thereto; Figure 5 (Sheet C) is an enlarged vertical section, showing the

page_text: communication between the cylinders and spheres and stop-cock for cutting off
the communication when required; Figure 6 (Sheet C) is an enlarged
sectional view of the elbow communication pipe, shown detached from
Figure 5; Figure 7 (Sheet C) is an enlarged vertical section of one of the
compressors which are mounted upon the spheres; Figure 8 (Sheet C) is an
enlarged view of the spring valve, which is fitted to the barrel of the com-
pressing ram, and screwed tightly in a recess at the bottom, with a. strap
leather washer between it and the barrel; Figure 9 (Sheet C) shows the
spring valve, cover, and spindle detached, for the purpose of exhibiting the
mode it is capped with a piece of well-curried calf skin, previously well wetted.
The grain placed next to the valve cover, and pressed into a recess cut on
its edge, where it is lashed tightly with a piece of silk twist. All the valves
used in this engine are made in the same way; Figure 10 (Sheet C) is a
longitudinal section of the primary cylinder, (the secondary cylinder being
constructed in the same way); Figure 11 (Sheet C) is a longitudinal section of
the union joints used throughout the construction of this engine; Fig. 12
(Sheet C) is a plan of a piston disc and cupped leather washer; Figure 13
(Sheet C) plan of the oil brush which is attached to the pistons for the
purpose of lubricating the interior of the cylinders; Figure 14 (Sheet C) is a
plan of the oil pans attached to the mouths of the cylinders; Figure 15
(Sheet C) horizontal section of the air compressor; Figures 16 and 17
(Sheet C) are sectional plans of the passage. (H), communicating between the
air compressor and the reservoir (K); Figure 18 (Sheet C) plan of the
under or inner side of the piston of the air compressor, showing the position of
the spring valves formed therein to admit the air on the return stroke of the
piston Figure 19 (Sheet C) sectional elevation of the guide for the piston rod
of the air compressor; Figure 20 (Sheet C) plan of the lugs of the outer face
of the piston of the air compressor to which (C), the connecting links, are
attached; Figure 21 (Sheet C) plan of the outer face of the piston of the air
compressor; Figures 22 and 23 (Sheet C), top and side views of the power
conductor (L), with its horn and friction wheels; Figures 24, 25, and 26
(Sheet C) views of portions of the horn of the power conductor; this portion
may be made whole with the shaft of the conductor, unless the engine to be
worked should be at a distance, and the momentum taken from the cylinders
of such engine, when in that case the horn may be extended fifty feet or more
in length; Figure 27 (Sheet C) exhibits the mode of obtaining the angle of
power.
;
Describe a square whose sides are nine feet two inches. Lay the hypo-
thenuse on the horizontal line,, the points A and B will be the length of the.

page_text: power conductor. Between A and B, see Figure 23, (the crank of
the driving shaft should not exceed one-tenth of the length of the power
conductor. A, the bed of the engine; B and B', the primary and secondary
spheres; C, the sphere bearings; D and D', the compressors; E and E', the
communicators; F and F¹, the primary and secondary cylinders; G and G,
the pistons; H and H', the piston rods; and 1', the connecting rods;
K and K', links uniting the connecting rods to the horn of the power con-
ductor; L, the power conductor; M, the horn of the power conductor; N, the
friction wheels; Q, slot in the plate for guiding the horn; P, the plane for the
friction wheels to run on; Q, the primary blade; R, the trunnions; S, the eye
of the power conductor, through which the pin passes that connects it
and the atomic arm to the primary blade; T, the atomic arm or crank
rod; U, the strap uniting the atomic arm to the crank; V, the crank; W, the
shaft; X, the eccentric; Y, eccentric rod; Z, the bell crank for working the
slide valve and the compressors. A, lever for working the compressors;
B, hand lever for obtaining the balance of power; C, links uniting the primary
blade to the piston of (E) the cylinder of the air condensor; D, the guide
rod; E¹, piston; F and F¹, the piston valves for admitting the atmospheric
pressure to pass beneath the piston; G, the spring valve; H, the passage
allowing the air to pass into the reservoir; I, the stop-cock; K, the reservoir
(an ordinary boiler of a steam engine); L, the motive cylinder; M, the piston;
N, the piston rod; P, the guides; Q, links uniting the motive cylinder to the
horn of the power conductor; R, communication between the reservoir and
the motive cylinder; S, stop-cock; T, the standard; U, the primary blade
bearings; V, shaft bearings; W, fly wheel; X and X, bearings of the primary
and secondary cylinders; Z and Z', safety valves. a, the table on the sphere
upon which the compressors are mounted; b, standards for supporting the
hand lever; c, Figures 4 and 5 show the flanges to which the pipes communi-
cating between the spheres and the cylinders are attached; d, lugs for
attaching the sphere to its seat; e, plug of the stop-cock; f, stop-cock lever;
g, the ram; h, a valve made with strap leather; i, a metal washer even with
the edge of the valve; j, the barrel; k, an oil cup; 1, a cock to regulate the
supply of oil when the engine is working; m, apertures to admit the air
beneath the ram for compression; n, a chamber containing a spring valve;
p, a stop-cock; 2, the lever handle of ditto; r, flanges uniting the barrel,
chamber cock, and sphere together by means of bolts; s, the plate and strap
leather washer; u, an aperture to allow the air to pass when forced down by
the ram; w, a leather cap, covering the head of the spring valve; a, the valve
spindle; y, the spindle guides; , the spiral spring. A, the flange on the

page_text: head of the primary cylinder or other portions; N, a flange brazed on the
pipe, having a collar (P) to lap over the flange (A); Q, the end of the pipe
which is inserted into the flanged opening; R, a stuffing box having an india-
rubber washer inserted therein, and when bolted together forms an air-tight
joint; , a flange to unite the pipe that connects the cylinder with the
sphere;, the piston plate; D, the plate valve made with strap leather
and screwed to the plate; &, a thin metal disc, tho diameter of the cylinder
beneath the plate valve; F, a continuous cup packing screwed around the
piston plate; , a second thin metal disc; 6, a cupped leather disc
acting against the sides of the piston, and held by the set screws of the piston
rod; 6, an oil pan in which the brush (L) dips into at each stroke of
the piston; 16, a tap to run off the surplus oil from the pan (%).
In conclusion we would remark that our improved atomic engine may be
placed in any required position, that is to say, that the cylinders and so forth,
which are shown in the Drawings as fixed in an horizontal position, may be
placed vertically or at any required angle.
Having now fully described our said Invention, and how the same may be
performed, we wish it to be understood that we do not confine ourselves to
the precise details or the relative dimensions of the various parts, as the same
may be considerably varied without departing from the Invention, but what
we do claim is the construction and use of our atomic engine as herein-before
fully described and set forth, or any mere modification of the same.
In witness whereof, we, the said James Smith and Sidney Arthur
Chease, have hereunto set our hands and affixed our seals, this Tenth
day of February, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and fifty-nine.
Witness,
WILLIAM WALKER,
of 44, Castle Street,
Liverpool.
JAMES (L.S.) SMITH.
SIDNEY ARTHUR (L.S.) CHEASE.