IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR SEPARATING THE FIRRES OF WOODS INTO SHREDS SUITABLE FOR CONVERTING LS FOR CONVERTING INTO PULP FOR PAPER-MAKING, AND ALSO FOR STUFFING AND PACKING VARIOUS
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Frederik Bauman, of 49, King William Street, iu
the City of London, for the Invention of "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR
SEPARATING THE FIRRES OF WOODS INTO SHREDS SUITABLE FOR CONVERTING
LETTERS PATENT to Frederik Bauman, of 49, King William Street, iu
the City of London, for the Invention of "IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR
SEPARATING THE FIRRES OF WOODS INTO SHREDS SUITABLE FOR CONVERTING
INTO PULP FOR PAPER-MAKING, AND ALSO FOR STUFFING AND PACKING VARIOUS
Sealed the 30th July 1867, and dated the 1st February 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Frederik Bauman at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st
February 1867.
I, FREDERIK BAUMAN, of 49, King William Street, in the City of London,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY
FOR SEPARATING THE FIBRES OF WOODS INTO SHREDS SUITABLE FOR CONVERTING INTO
PULP FOR PAPER-MAKING, AND ALSO FOR STUFFING AND PACKING VARIOUS USEFUL
ARTICLES," to be as follows:-
Upon a cast-iron travelling frame or table is fixed the timber to be operated
upon; this table moves horizontally on friction rollers. The table is moved.
backwards and forwards the required length of the timber to be cut by means
of a crank action or driving stud placed on the rim of a horizontal fly wheel.
Upon each side of the framing of the machine there is an upright standard for
holding the knife block; this block runs across the machine from standard to

page_text: standard, and is arranged to slide up and down in openings left in each. The
block is formed like an A-shaped girder, the sides of which incline to an angle
of about 49 degrees; upon these inclined sides are fixed cutters or knives.
Through each standard I place a vertical square thread screw passing through
a brass bush placed on each end of the knife block; these screw shafts are
connected by mitre wheels gearing into other mitre wheels placed on a hori-
zontal shaft at the top of the machine; one screw shaft passes down through
the side frame of the machine, and is geared by wheels to a horizontal shaft
which is connected by mitre wheels to a short upright shaft, on which is
placed a tappet plate to regulate the degree of fineness of the cut by the descent
of the knife block. The action of the machine is as follows:-The knife block
with its knives is lowered to the required cut; the table with the timber
thereon is then placed in motion, and as the timber passes the knives they
take off a series of fine shreds about the thickness of a 60th of an inch; when
the table has travelled to the end of the frame, and carried the wood clear of
the knives by a mechanical contrivance, the tappet plate is moved round the
required distance, and this gearing into and being connected with the upright
screw shafts a downward motion is given to the knife block, and consequently
the knives; upon the return stroke of the table the opposite knives are ready
to commence action as the logs pass under them, and again cut a series of fine
fibres until the table arrives at the end of the frame, carrying the log again
clear of the knives; the tappet plate is now again moved round the required
distance, thus bringing down the knives to commence another cut when the
timber arrives under them, and the action proceeds alternately, first one side
knife and then the other comes into action, and this is continued until the log
is entirely reduced to shreds. The knife block may be disconnected from the
gearwork by means of a clutch box placed on the lower portion of the left-
hand upright screw shaft. A handle is then placed on the projecting end
of the top lay shaft, and by reversing the action of the screw the knife block
is again brought up to its original position, the handle is taken off, the clutch
is connected again, and thus the knives are ready to commence the cat when
the block reaches them. The knives are formed of steel blades fluted or
grooved lengthwise, the cutting edges of which are formed at an angle of 45
degrees on one edge and 90 degrees on the other edge, somewhat similar to
the teeth of a saw.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Frederik Bauman in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 1st
August 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FREDERIK
BAUMAN, of 49, King William Street, in the City of London, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Iler Letters
Patent, bearing date the First day of February, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirtieth year of
Her reign did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Frederik Bauman, Her special licence that I, the said Frederik
Bauman, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as 1, the
said Frederik Bauman, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, froin time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVED
MACHINERY FOR SEPARATING THE FIBRES OF WOOD INTO SHREDS SUITABLE FOR
CONVERTING INTO PULP FOR PAPER-MAKING, AND ALEO FOR STUFFING AND PACKING
VARIOUS ARTICLES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Frederik Bauman, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should par-
ticularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the
Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Frederik Bauman, do hereby declare
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, that is to say :-
Upon a cast-iron travelling frame or table is fixed the timber to be operated
upon; this table moves horizontally on friction rollers. The table is moved
backwards and forwards the required length of the timber to be cut by means
of a crank action or driving stud placed on the rim of a horizontal fly wheel.
Upon each side of the framing of the machine there is an upright standard for
holding the knife block; this block runs across the machine from standard to
standard, and is arranged to slide up and down in openings left in each. The
block is formed like an A-shaped girder, the sides of which incline to an angle

page_text: of about 49 degrees; upon these inclined sides are fixed cutters or knives.
Through each standard I place a vertical square-threaded screw passing
through a brass bush placed on each end of the knife block; these screw
shafts are connected by mitre wheels gearing into other mitre wheels placed
on a horizontal shaft at the top of the machine; one screw shaft passes down
through the side frame of the machine, and is genred by wheels to a horizontal
shaft which is connected by mitre wheels to a short upright shaft, on which is
placed a tappet plate to regulate the degree of fineness of the cut by the
descent of the knife block. The action of the machine is as follows:-The
knife block with its knives is lowered to the required cut; the table with the
timber thereon is then placed in motion, and as the timber passes the knives
they take off a series of fine shreds about the thickness of a 60th of an
inch; when the table has travelled to the end of the frame and carried the
wood clear of the knives, by a mechanical contrivance. the tappet plate is
moved round the required distance, and this gearing into and being connected
with the upright screw shafts a downward motion is given to the knife block,
and consequently the knives; upon the return stroke of the table the
opposite knives are ready to commence action, as the logs pass under them
and again cut a series of fine fibres, until the table arrives at the end of the
frame carrying the log again clear of the knives; the tappet plate is now
again moved round the required distance, thus bringing down the knives to
commence another cut when the timber arrives under them, and the action
proceeds alternately, first one side knife and then the other comes into action,
and this is continued until the log is entirely reduced to shreds. The knife
block may be disconnected from the gearwork by means of a clutch box
placed on the lower portion of the left-hand upright screw shaft. A handle
is then placed on the projecting end of the top lay shaft, and by reversing the
action of the screw the knife block is again brought up to its original position;
the handle is then taken off, the clutch is connected again, and thus the
knives are ready to commence the cut when the block reaches them. The
knives are formed of steel blades fluted or grooved lengthwise, the cutting
edges of which are formed at an angle of 45 degrees on one edge and 90
degrees on the other edge, somewhat similar to the teeth of a saw.
And in order to explain my said Invention as completely as possible I now
proceed to describe the best means I am acquainted with for carrying the
same into practical effect, reference being had to the illustrative Sheets of
Drawings accompanying these Presents, and to the numeral figures and
letters of reference marked thereon respectively, as follows:-

page_text: At Sheet 1, Figure 1 is a side elevation of my improved machinery;
Figure 2, a top plan view of the lower portion thereof. At Sheet 2, Figure 3
is an end elevation of the said machinery; Figure 4, a transverse and vertical
section through the line A, B, at Figure 2 of Sheet 1; Figure 5, a longitudinal
and vertical section through the line C, D, at Figure 3; Figures 6 and 7-
respectively exhibit a plan and section of a portion of a knife constructed
according to my said Invention, and drawn to a scale of full size. At each of
the foregoing Figures I employ similar letters of reference to denote corre-
sponding parts in so far as such parts appear or can be seen at each of such
said Figures and Sheets of Drawings respectively.
A marks the framing of the machinery supporting the standards B, to which
are connected the following parts:-C, a casting for connecting together the
upper ends of the standards B; D, a shaft capable of revolving in the plummer
blocks a fixed to the top of each of the standards B; bare bevil wheels fixed
on the shaft D; these wheels take or gear into corresponding bevil wheels c
fixed on the upright screwed shafts E, the lower ends whereof revolve in
steps d fixed to the framing A, as at Figures 1 and 5 of Sheets 1 and 2; the
shafts E are also embraced by divided screw nuts of brass at e, the said nuts
fitting into oblong-shaped holes in the casting G, or knife block employed to
carry knives of novel and peculiar construction, hereafter described, and the
nuts e are held in the block G by plates or strips of metal of the width of
the nuts e, and are fixed to the block G by screws at 1, 2, and there are other
screws at 3 for keeping the divided nuts in close contact with the screwed
shafts E, and adjusting the said nuts as they wear. The upper ends of the
shafts E work in holes in the plates f fixed to the casting C; the ends of the
knife block G work in guides or slots 9 formed in the standards B; His a
metal table planed true on its edges at the upper and under sides thereof, and
these parts work between and are supported by rollers and i, shewn most
clearly at Figure 5 of Sheet 2; I, K, are plates of metal jagged on one edg..
The plate I is fixed by screws 4 to the table H, and the plate K is adjustable
on the said table by the slot holes 5 and screws 6 and 7; the screw 7 by
means of a baudle 8 pulls back or pushes forward a plate g, so that when
the wood which is to be operated upon is placed between the jagged parts of
the plates I, K, and the plate g' screwed up tightly the pieces of wood shewn
by the dotted lines at Figures 3 and 5 of Sheet 2 will be firmly held on the
table II.

page_text: now proceed to describe the mechanism for imparting reciprocating
tion to the said table. At Sheet 1, L marks a rod screwed to the table II
one end the other end of this rod is supported by and works in a guide
hole in the bracket M to preserve as near as may be the horizontal movement
theable, and there is a piece of metal k fixed to or formed upon the rod L,
which is connected by its forked ends a long connecting rod N, the other
of this rod being connected by a pin 7 to one of the arms of the wheel O
Aged on one end of a shaft P supported by standards Q, Q', in which it
evolves, and upon the other end of the shaft Pa cam R is fixed and employed
for actuating the feed motion, the arrangement of which is as follows:-Upon
the shaft D a ratchet wheel S is fixed; m is a pawl taking into the teeth of
the wheel S; n is a bent lever having its fulcrum upon a stud o fixed to the
plummer block a, as at Figure 3 of Sheet 2; the lever n bas the pawl m
hinged thereto at 10, and there is a spring 11 fixed by one end to the teeth of
the wheel S; T is a rod for connecting the lever n with another bent lever U
mounted on a stud 12 screwed to the standard Q; the lower arm of the
fever U has a slot formed therein, as shewn, in which the other end of the
rod T is adjusted by a screw 13. Thus it will be seen that as the fly wheel O
revolves the table I will be moved backwards and forwards the full length of
the wood to be operated upon, and at each reciprocation of the said table, and
when the wood thereon is quite clear of the cutting knives, the cam R will
depress that end of the lever U with which it is in contact and push the rod T
forward, thereby pulling back the pawl m, which will by its spring pass down-
wards over some of the teeth of the ratchet wheel S, and after the cam has
depressed the lever U to its full extent the force of the helical spring W fixed
to the hooked end of the lever U will pull back the rod T and cause the
pawl m to push the ratchet wheel S partly round, thereby imparting motion
to the shaft D and bevil wheels b and c, and turn the screwed shafts E partly
round, and lower the knife block and knives to the required distance to take
a fresh cut, and so on at each reciprocation of the table H.
I have found in practice a cut of about one 200th part of an inch, more or
less in depth, answer well, the teeth or cutting points of the knives being
made about one 16th part of an inch deep, more or less. The knives may be
made by rolling plates of steel and iron (the face being of steel) into the shape
represented by the Drawing at Figures 6 and 7, to be afterwards hardened
and tempered and ground on the under side to a bevil; knives thus made
will last a considerable time, and only require grinding and setting when dull,
or any of the teeth break. The knives are fixed to the knife block G by

page_text: screws taking into screwed holes, as at 14, Figure 3 of Sheet 2, either at each
end of the block; or the knives may be made of narrow pieces of steel and
screwed side by side on the block G. I would also remark that the mechanism
above described for actuating the feed rod T may be differently arranged, and
made to operate so that the cam R shall pull the rod T instead of pushing it,
so as to ensure the ratchet wheel and knife block being advanced the proper
distance. In this case the spring W may be employed to pull back the
pawl m.
Having now fully described and set forth the nature and object of my said
Invention for "Improved Machinery for Separating the Fibres of Woods into
Shreds suitable for Converting into Pulp for Paper-making, and also for
Stuffing and Packing various Useful Articles," I would remark in conclusion,
that I hereby declare my Invention to consist in and I claim the general
arrangement and combination of the machinery above described with referenco
to the accompanying Sheets of Drawings; and especially I claim the con-
struction of the cutting knives represented at Figures 6 and 7.
In witness whereof, I, the said Frederik Bauman, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this First day of August, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven.
F. BAUMAN. (L.S.)