AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS AND TILES
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Fowler, junior, of Havering, near Romford, in
the County of Essex, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS AND TILES."
Sealed the 17th June 1856, and dated the 11th March 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Fowler, junior, at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th March 1856.
I, JOHN FOWLER, junior, of Havering, near Romford, in the County of
Essex, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for AN IMPROVEMENT
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS AND TILES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object an improvement in the manufacture of
bricks and tiles, and the Invention is applicable to machinery where screws
are used to express clay or brick earth through moulding orifices or dies.
Heretofore, in such machines the clay or brick earth has been liable to revolve
with the screws, and the improvement is directed to obviate that action, and
it consists in applying discs or screw wheels through the cases of the screws in
such manner that such wheels may be rotated by the screws; by which
means the portions of the discs or screw wheels within the cases will act as
longitudinal partitions in the cases of the screws, and prevent the rotation of
the clay or brick earth with the axes of the screws.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Fowler, junior, in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 9th September 1856.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
FOWLER, junior, of Havering, near Romford, in tlie County of Essex, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eleventh day of March, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the nineteenth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said John Fowler, Her special licence that I, the said John Fowler,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
John Fowler, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, 'should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT
IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BRICKS AND TILES," upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said John Fowler, my executors or administrators, by
an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said In-
vention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause
the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said John Fowler, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object an improvement in the manufacture of
bricks and tiles, and the Invention is applicable to machinery where screws
are used to express. clay or brick earth through moulding orifices or dies.
Heretofore, in such machines the clay or brick earth has been liable to revolve
with the screws, and the improvement is directed to obviate that action, and it
consists in applying discs or screw wheels through the cases of the screws in
such manner that such wheels may be rotated by the screws; by which means
the portions of the discs or screw wheels within the cases will act as longi-
tudinal partitions in the cases of the screws, and prevent thé rotation of the
clay or brick earth with the axes of the screws.

page_text: Having thus stated the nature of my said Invention, I will proceed more
fully to describe the manner of performing the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 shows a side elevation of a machine (for expressing clay or brick
earth through moulding dies or orifices) wherein the plastic earth is forced by
screws; Figure 2 is a plan of the machine; Figures 3 and 4 are end views
of the machine. In each of these Figures the same letters indicate the same
parts..
a, a, is the fixed vessel or chamber into which the plastic earth is fed through
an opening at the top. This vessel or chamber is fixed securely, as is shown,
or in any convenient manner. b, b, are the screws which move the brick earth
towards and through the dies, fixed at the end of the chamber or vessel a, a,
by the screws and nuts c, c. In the apparatus shown there are two screws b, b,
used, which is the arrangement or combination preferred. I would, however,
state that this may be varied, and I would remark that the use of screws for
expressing clay or brick earth out of a vessel or chamber through moulding
dies or orifices is not new. The peculiarity of this Invention consists in
employing screw wheels or discs perpendicular to the axes of the screws, in
order that the discs or wheels may prevent the plastic earth which may adhere
to the screws turning round with them. d, d, are screw wheels or discs with
notches in them, within which notches the thread of the screws work in such
manner that any clay which may adhere to the threads of the screws will be
stopped from rotating. The screws b, b, receive motion by means of the cog
wheels e, e, on their axes, and one of them receives motion from the main or
driving axis f by means of a pinion g. Motion is communicated to the axis f
from a steam engine or other power by a strap or band acting on the drum h,
or motion may be communicated to the screws in any other convenient
manner.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Fowler, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fifth day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.
Witness,
S. CARPMAEL.
JOHN FOWLER, JUN. (L.B.)