Improvements in Coke Ovens.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Aug., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 13th May, 1890-Accepted, 14th June, 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Coke Ovens.
I, WILHELM FRITSCH, of Zabrze, Upper Silesia, in the Kingdom of Prussia and
Empire of Germany, Inspector of Coke-ovens, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
:-
The means hitherto employed for heating horizontal coke-ovens by the escaping
gases, more particularly where cold air, after being used for the extraction of bye-
products, is heated and then conducted to the combustion-chambers, are defective in
so far that the supply of air serving to support combustion cannot be regulated so as
to cause the coke-chambers to be heated with uniformity; some of the latter becoming
in consequence too cold and others too hot. According to the general practice, with
a view to remedying this defect, only a portion of the escaping gases is admitted to
the oven.
Under these circumstances, the liability to undue cooling, which leads to
the production of bad coke, is increased. In most cases, the regulation of the supply
of air is rendered impossible; the heated air being conducted, through subdivided
channels, to the combustion-chambers.
In an oven constructed according to this invention, the regulation of the supply of
heated air admitted into the combustion-chambers is effected in the following
manner: An air-heating space is arranged below each chamber-wall and between
the channels through which are led the escaping products of combustion; the latter
serving to heat the bottoms of the coke-chambers. The air, upon leaving the air-
heating space, is caused to flow in a contrary direction to the gases, and is then
admitted to the combustion-chambers through a number of openings of appropriate
areas. The largest opening is situated at the point where the gases enter, and is
regulated by a damper. In the improved oven, the combustion is under control in all
the combustion-chambers.
When the bye-products are to be extracted from the fuel under treatment, the
gases are conducted to a condensing vessel, whence, after being freed from tar and
ammonia, they are led through suitable pipes back to the oven and admitted at both
ends of each combustion-chamber. The combustion-chambers are provided with
vertical baffle-walls for diverting the gases alternately upwards and downwards; the
latter being conducted at the centre of the oven into a single flue leading to a main
flue common to all the combustion-chambers. The gases in the main flue may be used
for raising steam or heating air. The air required for supporting combustion is
supplied by a blower and enters the oven through a side channel. It is conducted
thence to a central channel, whence it is distributed through small inclined passages
among the respective air-heating chambers. The latter contain horizontal baffle-walls,
which cause the air, whilst being heated, to flow in both directions along the side
walls, and afterwards, in a direction contrary to that of the gases, along the bottoms
of the combustion-chambers. In each of the latter, and in the end of the corresponding
air-chamber, is arranged a series of holes gradually diminishing in size; the largest
hole being nearest to the outside, and the smallest one to the centre of the oven.
previously stated, the largest opening is controlled by a damper, which, when fully
open, permits the greater portion of the heated air to flow into that part of the com-
bustion-chamber situated between the outer end and the first baffle-wall; intense
combustion of the gases under such circumstances taking place at that point.
Proportionate quantities of air are admitted through the other openings; the air
passing through the smallest opening serving to effect the complete combustion of the
gases. The more the damper over the largest opening is closed, the more air passes
through the other openings; the combustion being rendered correspondingly more
intense towards the centre of the oven. By these means, the heat in the oven may be
As

page_text: easily controlled; the coke-chambers being, in consequence, heated uniformly over
their whole extent.
If from any cause a coke-chamber should become too cold, or where it is not
intended to extract the bye-products, the gases evolved from the coke-chambers are
led directly to the combustion-chambers.
In an oven constructed as above described, the flow of the gas, the heated air and
the products of combustion cannot become stopped so as to permit a part of the oven
to become cold; neither can the heat become too intense at any particular point; the
regulating effect being, moreover, accomplished in the simplest possible manner by
means of a single damper in each air-heating chamber.
Dated this 24th day of August 1889.
G. G. M. HARDINGHAM,
191, Fleet Street, London, E.C., Agent for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Coke Ovens.
1, WILHELM FRITSCH, of Zabrze, Upper Silesia, in the Kingdom of Prussia and
Empire of Germany, Inspector of Coke-ovens, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The means hitherto employed for heating horizontal coke-ovens by the escaping
gases especially when the latter have been cooled in the extraction of bye-products-
and by air which is heated and then conducted to the combustion-chambers are
defective in so far that the supply of air serving to support combustion cannot be
regulated so as to cause the coke-chambers to be heated with uniformity; some of
the latter becoming in consequence too cold and others too hot. According to the
general practice, with a view to remedying this defect, only a portion of the escaping
gases is admitted to the oven. Under these circumstances, the liability to undue
cooling, which leads to the production of bad coke, is increased. In most cases, the
regulation of the supply of air is rendered impossible; the heated air being conducted,
through subdivided channels, to the combustion-chambers.
In the accompanying drawings, Fig. 1 represents, in vertical longitudinal section,
an oven constructed according to this invention; Fig. 2 being a horizontal section on
the line A B, and Fig. 3 a transverse section on the line C D.
The regulation of the supply of heated air admitted into the combustion-chambers
is effected in the following manner :-An air-heating space k is arranged below each
chamber-wall and between the channels through which are led the escaping products
of combustion; the latter serving to heat the bottoms of the coke-chambers p
(Fig. 3). The air, upon leaving the air-heating space, is caused to flow in a contrary
, direction to the gases, and is then admitted to the combustion-chambers through a
number of openings o¹, 02, 03, 04 of appropriate areas. The largest opening of is
situated at the point where the gases enter, and is regulated by a damper n. In the
improved oven, the combustion is thus under control in all the combustion-chambers.
When the bye-products are to be extracted from the fuel under treatment, the gases
are conducted in the ordinary manner from the chambers p through pipes into a
receiver and thence to the condensing vessel, whence, after being freed from tar and
-ammonia, they are led through pipes c back to the oven and admitted at both ends of
each combustion-chamber through pipes d. If the coke-chambers in one part of the
oven happen to become too cold, or it be not desired to extract the bye-products, the
gases are admitted directly from the coke-chambers p through suitable openings into
chambers at each end of the oven, and thence past adjustable dampers into the corre
sponding combustion-chamber or chambers r.
The combustion-chambers are provided with vertical baffle-walls s s¹ for diverting
the gases alternately upwards and downwards; the same being conducted near the
central partition into flues v leading to a main flue F common to all the combustion-

page_text: chambers. The gases in the main flue may be used for raising steam or heating air.
The air required for supporting combustion is supplied by a blower and enters the
oven through a side channel or channels g. It is conducted thence to a central
channel h, whence it is distributed through small inclined passages i among the
respective air-heating chambers k. The latter contain horizontal baffle-walls 1, which
cause the air, whilst being heated, to flow through the spaces m in both directions
along the side walls, and afterwards, in a direction contrary to that of the gases, along
the bottoms of the combustion-chambers r. In each of the latter, and in the end of
the corresponding air-chamber, is arranged the series of holes 01, 03, 03, 0' before
referred to; the holes in the series gradually diminishing in size. The largest hole o¹
is nearest to the outer, and the smallest o¹ to the inner, end of the combustion-chamber.
As previously stated, the largest opening of is controlled by a damper n, which, when
fully open, permits the greater portion of the heated air to flow into that part of the
combustion-chamber situated between the end-wall of the oven and the first baffle-
walls; intense combustion of the gases under such circumstances taking place at
that point. Proportionate quantities of air are admitted through the other open-
ings o³, o and o¹; the air passing through the smallest opening of serving to effect
the complete combustion of the gases. The more the damper n is closed, the more air
passes through the openings 03, 02 and o¹; the combustion being rendered correspond-
ingly more intense towards the inner end of the combustion-chamber. By these
means, the heat in the oven may be easily controlled; the coke-chambers p being, in
consequence, heated uniformly over their whole extent.
In an oven constructed as above described, the flow of the gas, the heated air and
the products of combustion cannot become stopped so as to permit a part of the oven
to become cold, neither can the heat become too intense at any particular point; the
regulating effect being moreover accomplished in the simplest possible manner by
means of a single damper in respect of each air-heating chamber.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, I claim :-
First. The improved construction of coke-oven arranged substantially as herein
described and comprising air-heating chambers k, arranged between the flues v pro-
vided for the escape of the products of combustion and located beneath the coke-
chambers p; the heating chambers & communicating with the combustion-chambers
through a series of holes o¹, o³, o³ and o* furnished with a regulating damper n.
Secondly. In a coke-oven of the kind herein referred to, the improved means
arranged or operating substantially as herein described for regulating the supply of
heated air admitted to each combustion-chamber.
Dated the 2nd day of Mo 1800
G. G. M. HARDINGHAM,
191, Fleet Street, London, E.C., Agent for the Applicant.