IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS AND FURNACES, AND IN CLEANSING THE FLUES THEREOF
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edward Green and Edward Green the younger, of
Wakefield, in the County of York, Boiler Makers, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS AND FURNACES, AND IN CLEANSING THE FLUES
THEREOF."
Sealed the 2nd March 1866, and dated the 6th September 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward Green and Edward
Green the younger at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 6th September 1865.
We, EDWARD GREEN and EDWARD GREEN the younger, of Wakefield, in
the County of York, Boiler Makers, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS AND FURNACES, AND IN CLEANSING THE
FLUES THEREOF," to be as follows:-
The first part of our Invention in boilers refers to boilers of the upright
class. The boiler is composed of circular rings or vertical pipes. At the
bottom around the outside of the rings we place other rings forming an
annular space, which constitutes the fireplace. The fuel is fed into this space
from the top, and falling upon the fuel previously fed, and in an incandescent
state, the products of combustion are forced down by the draft through
the incandescent mass into the interior of the mass, whereby all the consum-
able gases become burned and smoke is avoided. Our upright boilers may be
Price l

page_text: formed of vertical pipes placed side by side and communicating at top and
bottom with hollow rings. When these boilers are used with puddling and
reverberatory furnaces the grate may be dispensed with, and then the steam
is generated by the waste heat passing from the furnaces through an annular
space or flue, round which our pipes are arranged. For marine boilers we
use horizontal hollow rings in the uptake, with connecting elbows between
the rings, the connecting flanges being outside and readily accessible. The
rings united form a continuous channel, and may form part of the boiler,
or may be used for heating the feed water or steam.
Another of our improvements consists in ensuring circulation of the
water in boilers by means of an additional circulation chamber at the top of
the pipes or rings, whereby circulation of the water from one section of the
boiler to the other is ensured. We set the boiler, whether made with upright
pipes or rings, at an incline, the lowest point being near the grate, to allow
of a greater head of water at that part. We cast the boiler in leaves or
sections consisting of two or more pipes. Where built up with single pipes
and circulation chambers the joints may be secured by longitudinal bolts
inside the pipes or bolts on the outside in the ordinary manner.
Our improvements in furnaces consist in constructing the grate in the
form of a cylinder or barrel placed transversely and at the mouth of the
furnace. Over the cylindrical grate is the hopper from which the fuel is
supplied. The cylinder is made to revolve, and thus carry forward the fuel
into the furnace. At the back, and with its axis on a lower level than that of
the revolving cylindrical grate, we fit a small cylindrical grate, which is also
caused to revolve and work out the ashes as they accumulate; or, instead of
this latter revolving grate, we use an ordinary grate fixed upon a hinge, in
order to its being lowered as required to give passage to any accumulation of
ashes. Instead of a transverse cylindrical grate we sometimes employ
longitudinal cylindrical grates inside the fire-place in the form of barrels or
of worms or screws cast hollow with perforations for the admission of air,
which like the others may revolve. We also construct grate bars, which
we place transversely in the fireplace, of a vandyked form both at the top
and at the bottom. With such gråte bars the stoker is enabled to introduce a
rod and break up the fire without opening the furnace doors. Here follows
the mode of removing the soot from heating vessels or steam boilers by
compressed air with the apparatus connected therewith, which apparatus
may also be used with steam for that purpose.
Our improvements relating to the removing of soot and other deposit from
the surfaces of boilers and heating apparatuses consist in the employment of

page_text: highly compressed air, which is forced in minute jets against the sides of the
heating vessels or chambers. We employ a steam cylinder with a piston, to
the end of which is attached an air ram working into a barrel which is in
communication with an accumulator or air vessel. In this accumulator the
air is compressed to the required density, at which point the outlet valve is
opened and lets air into the various perforated pipes which are distributed
over the surface of the heating vessels or chambers. In some cases we use a
frame made of a number of hollow perforated rings encircling the pipe
attached to cross connecting pipes, to. which is attached an upright pipe, to
the top of which is fixed a piston working in a cylinder. When the compressed
air is turned on to the cylinder, the framework of perforated rings is raised to
the top of the apparatus, at the same time the air is admitted through the
opening into the upright pipe communicating with all the others.
For removing the soot and ashes from the tubes of marine and other multi-
tubular boilers we use a central air pipe placed in each tube, the pipe having
a greater power of blast on the under side to carry away the soot collected on
the under side of each boiler tube; the perforations are set an angle in a
line with the tubes to assist in carrying away the soot. In all the foregoing
cases we employ the compressed air accumulator, the air being conveyed to the
various boilers or heating vessels in pipes from it. The air may be applied at
various intervals either by self-acting mechanism or by hand. In all or any of
the foregoing cases superheated or common steam may be used instead of air.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Edward Green in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
6th March 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWARD
GREEN, formerly EDWARD GREEN the younger, of Wakefield, in the County
of York, Boiler Maker, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixth day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-ninth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Edward Green, and unto the late Edward Green, of Wakefield, in the
County of York, Boiler Maker, Her special licence that we, the said Edward
Green and Edward Green, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as we, the said Edward Green and Edward Green, our executors,

page_text: administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS AND FURNACES, AND IN
CLEANSING THE FLUES THEREOF," upon the condition (amongst others) that we,
the said Edward Green and Edward Green, or one of us, our executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or one of our, or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edward Green, formerly Edward
Green the younger, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof,reference
being had to the Drawings hereunto annexed, that is to say: -
The first part of the Invention in boilers refers to boilers of the upright
class. The boiler is composed of circular rings or vertical pipes at the
bottom; around the outside of the rings other rings are placed forming an
annular space which constitutes the fire-place. The fuel is fed into this space
from the top, and falling upon the fuel previously fed, and in an incandescent
state, the products of combustion are forced by the draft down through the
incandescent mass into the interior of the mass, whereby all the consumable
gases become burned and smoke is avoided. The upright boilers may be
formed of vertical pipes placed side by side and communicating at top and
bottom with hollow rings. When these boilers are used with puddling and
reverberatory furnaces the grate may be dispensed with, and then the steam
is generated by the waste heat passing from the furnaces through an annular
space or flue, round which our pipes are arranged. For marine boilers,
horizontal hollow rings are used in the uptake, with connecting elbows
between the rings, the connecting flanges being outside and readily accessible..
The rings united form a continuous channel, and may form part of the
boiler, or may be used for heating the feed water or steam. The boiler is
cast in leaves or sections consisting of two or more pipes. The joints may
be secured by longitudinal bolts inside the pipes or bolts on the outside in
the ordinary manner.
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings is a sectional elevation of an

page_text: upright boiler constructed according to the first part of this Invention. A,A,
are a series of hollow rings placed one above the other, each ring being in
communication with the ring immediately above it by a hollow joint or
connecting piece. These rings may be of the same diameter or they may be
of diminishing diameters to form a boiler of a tapering or conical form.
Some of the rings at the lower part have connected to them a series of short
tubes B, B, branching out therefrom and forming a connection with a second
set of rings C, C, of larger diameter, thus leaving a space between the two
sets of rings for the purpose hereafter explained. These short tubes B, B,
can be placed at any angle, and have spacesbetween them, through which the
products of combustion are free to pass. The upper set of short tubes, B, B,
forms or acts as furnace bars on which the fuel is placed. The uppermost of
the inner rings A carries a tube or chimney D, which may be of any height
for the purpose of obtaining the requisite draft so as to draw the smoke and
consumable gases of the newly fed fuel down through the incandescent mass
whereby they are consumed, after which the unconsumable gases pass under
the lowest of the inner set of rings A, and enter the space leading to the
chimney or uptake 1). The rings being filled with water to a certain level
and the fire lighted steam is generated in the rings, and is retained therein
above the water level, from which it is conveyed by pipes to an engine or
otherwise. The rings composing this boiler are by preference placed directly
one upon another to form a close chamber, by which means jackets or external
casings are dispensed with. Figure 2 represents a series of pipes E, E,
placed vertically in an annular form; they are connected at their lower ends
to a hollow ring F, which supports them. The upper ends of the pipes E,E,
are connected to a hollow ring G, from which the steam is conveyed as
desired. Instead of one lower ring F and one upper ring G, two or more
rings may be employed, both at the top and bottom. The lower ring or rings
may be connected by short tubes to other rings, as in the arrangement
represented in Figure 1; or may rest upon the brickwork of a furnace, as
shewn in Figure 2. In this Figure the pipes E are represented as mounted
upon the brickwork at the back end of a puddling furnace; as the products of
combustion pass to the chimney they come in contact with the vertical pipes E,
and heat the water therein, whereby the waste heat from the furnace is
utilized. H,H, are pipes by which water is supplied to the vertical pipes
E, and I is a tap connected to the lower ring F, by which the water is allowed
to run off when the pipes require cleaning out or otherwise. The pipes E,E,
may be placed close against each other, or they may be separated by
division plates a, as represented in sectional plan, Figure 3.
F

page_text: Figure 4 illustrates a sectional elevation of a marine boiler fitted with a
series of hollow rings J, J, in the uptake, the rings have connected to them
bent pipes or elbows K, K, by which a free passage for the water from one ring
to another is effected. The rings J, J, and elbows K, K, may be employed to
heat the water previously to being fed into the boiler, or they may be used
for the purpose of superheating the steam, or the rings may be in direct
communication with and form part of the boiler. The products of combustion
are caused to pass up inside the annular space within the rings previous to
entering the funnel. The bent pipes or elbow pieces K, K, may be carried
outside the jacket L of the uptake as shewn, by which means they can be
readily removed when cleaning or repair is required.
1
The improvements in furnaces consist in constructing the grate in the form
of a cylinder or barrel placed transversely and at the mouth of the furnace, as
represented at M, Figures 5 and 6; Figure 5 being a sectional elevation, and
Figure 6 a horizontal section,shewing our furnace applied to a Coruish boiler.
Over the cylindrical grate M is a hopper N, from which the fuel is supplied.
The cylinder M is made to revolve, and thus carries forward the fuel into the
furnace. At the back, and with its axis at a lower level than that of the
revolving cylindrical grate M, a small cylindrical grate O is fitted, which is
also caused to revolve and work out the ashes as they accumulate; or instead
of this latter revolving grate an ordinary grate is used fixed upon a hinge, in
order to its being lowered as required to give passage to any accumulation of
ashes. I also construct grate bars placed transversely in the fire-place of
a vandyked form, both at the top and at the bottom, as represented at P,
Figure 7. With such grate bars the stoker is enabled to introduce a rod
and break up the fire without opening the furnace doors.
The improvements relating to the removing of soot and other deposit from
the surface of boilers and heating apparatus consist in the employment of
highly compressed air, which is forced in minute jets against the sides of the
heated vessels or chambers. A steam cylinder is employed with a piston, to
the end of which is attached an air ram working into the barrel which is in
communication with an accumulator or air vessel. In the accumulator the
air is compressed to the required density, at which point the outlet valve is
opened and lets air into the various perforated pipes, which are distributed
over the surface of the heating vessels or chambers. In some cases a frame
is used made of a number of hollow perforated rings encircling the pipes and
attached to cross connecting pipes, to which is attached an upright pipe, to the
top of which is fixed a piston working in a cylinder; when the compressed air
is turned on to the cylinder the framework of perforated rings is raised to the

page_text: top of the apparatus, at the same time the air is admitted through the
opening into the upright pipe communicating with all the others.
For removing the soot and ashes from the tubes of marine and other
multitubular boilers a central air pipe is used placed in each tube, the pipe
having a greater power of blast on the under side to carry away the soot
collected on the under side of each boiler tube by having larger or a greater
number of perforations on the lower side; the perforations are set at an angle
in a line with the tube to assist in carrying away the soot. Instead of
compressed air, superheated or other steam may be employed in the same
manner for the purpose of removing the soot and other deposit.
The improvements relating to the removal of soot and other deposit from
the surface of boilers and heating apparatus will be understood on reference
to Figure 7, which is a transverse section of a Cornish boiler. a, a, are pipes
leading from an air pump or accumulator; and b, b, are other pipes connected
to the pipes a, which are again connected to other pipes c, c, arranged under
and at the sides of the boiler. The pipes c, c, are formed with a number of
perforations at the side next the boiler. Highly compressed air supplied
from the pump or accumulator is forced through the pipes a, b, and c, and
passes through the perforations in the pipes c against the sides and bottom
of the boiler, whereby the soot and deposit are removed therefrom
Figure 8 represents an arrangement of air pipes for removing the soot and
other deposit from the tubes of multitubular boilers. Here the pipes b, b,
and c, c, are arranged between the tubes of the boiler e; they are secured
at their outer ends to a pipe f, which is connected to the reservoir or accumu-
lator g. In marine and other multitubular boilers, where the insides of the
tubes require to be cleansed, we place a perforated air pipe b in each tube d of
the boiler, as represented in Figure 9 and 10. The jets or perforations can be
set an angle in a line with the tube to assist in carrying away the soot.
And having now described the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I claim as the "Improve-
ments in Boilers and Furnaces, and in Cleansing the Flues thereof,”.
First, constructing upright boilers of hollow ring substantially as herein-
before described, and represented in Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings.
Second, constructing upright boilers in which an annular space formed
between two sets of hollow rings constitutes the fire-place, substantially
as herein-before described, and represented in Figure 1 of the accompanying
Drawings.
Third, constructing upright boilers of vertical pipes placed side by side
and communicating at top and bottom with hollow rings, substantially as

page_text: herein-before described, and represented in Figures 2 and 3 of the accom-
panying Drawings.
Fourth, constructing marine boilers with horizontal hollow rings in the
uptake, substantially as and for the purposes herein-before described, and
represented in Figure 4 of the accompanying Drawings.
Fifth, constructing furnaces with the grate in the form of a cylinder or
barrel made to revolve placed transversely, as represented in Figures 5 and 6
of the accompanying Drawings, in combination either with a small
cylindrical grate, also caused to revolve, or with an ordinary grate, all
substantially as herein-before described.
Sixth, constructing grate bars placed transversely in the fire-place of a
vandyked form, both at the top and at the bottom, substantially as herein-
before described, and represented in Figure 7 of the accompanying Drawings.
Seventh, cleansing the flues of boilers and furnaces by means of highly
compressed air or superheated or other steam forced in minute jets against
the surfaces to be cleansed, substantially in the manner and by apparatus
arranged and acting as herein-before described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Green, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fifth day of March, One thousand eight hundred
and sixty-six.
EDWARD GREEN. (L.B.)