Improvements in Machines for Weaving Coir Yarn Mats and similar Fabrics.
Year: 1898

page_text: Date of Application, 30th Nov., 1898-Accepted, 29th July, 1899
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machines for Weaving Coir Yarn Mats and
similar Fabrics.
I, KENNEDY WALKER, of 25, Argyle Road, Custom House, London, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
My invention relates to a certain improvement in machines or looms for
weaving coir yarn mats and similar fabrics and may be described as an improve-
ment on or development of the inventions described in the Specifications of
Letters Patent No. 5062 of 1889 and No. 10940 of 1894.
According to the present invention I modify several of the parts of the
machine constructed under the Letters Patent above named for the purpose of
obtaining a quicker running machine and a machine which will produce a more
perfect fabric than hitherto has been possible.
In the accompanying drawings are shown my improvements applied to such a
loom sufficient of the other parts of the loom being shown to make my invention
clear. In these drawings:-
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section on line - Fig. 3.
Fig. 2 is a section on line ww Fig. 3.
Fig. 3 is a front elevation with the beater omitted.
Fig. 4 is a right hand side elevation to show principally the dividing apparatus,
many other parts being omitted.
Fig. 5 is a section (looking also from the right hand) taken on line c
Fig. 3, to show the stop mechanism, other parts being omitted, and a weight
forming part of such mechanism, and which is hereinafter described, removed.
Fig. 6 is a section on line y-y Fig. 5.
Fig. 6 is a similar view showing the parts in another position.
Fig. is a front elevation of the plunger mechanism on an enlarged scale.
Fig. 7 is a section on line - Fig. 8.
Fig. 8 is a plan of Fig. 7, showing the parts in one position.
Fig. 9 is a plan showing the parts in the opposite position.
Fig. 10 is a section on an enlarged scale through a part of the loom to show
the thrum box and its guides.
Fig. 11 is a plan of a portion of same.
Fig. 12 is a similar section with the parts in a different position.
Figs. 13 and 14 are further sections to show the parts in other positions.
Fig. 15 is a detail view on a still larger scale, to show one of the dividers
forming part of the thrum mechanism.
Fig. 16 is a plan showing two of said dividers.
Fig. 17 is a front view of same.
Fig. 18 is a detail view of one of the fingers forming part of the thrum
mechanism.
Fig. 19 is a plan showing two of said fingers.
Fig. 20 is a section of two of the fingers on line u-u Fig. 18.

page_text: '
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Fig. 24 is a detail showing a divider, a finger and a delivery bar in one of
their positions.
Fig. 25 is a section of same on line - Fig. 24.
Fig. 26 is a front elevation on an enlarged scale, of a part of the beater and
healds together with an appliance for moving the outside warp threads of the
mat being formed.
Fig. 27 is a plan of same on line - Fig. 26.
Fig. 28 is a side elevation shewing a portion of the front of the loom and
the mat rolling up device.
Fig. 29 is a front elevation of the latter.
In the loom constructed according to my invention the warps 1 are carried 1
between a pair of rollers 2, 2, one of these rollers carrying a spur wheel 5 gearing
with pinion 4 on a stud 3 carrying a brake wheel or disc 193 for the purpose
hereafter explained. The warp is drawn down through the rollers by the
operation of the mat drawing off device hereafter described and passes under an
idle roller 6 placed in such a position that a line drawn from the last shot
weft to the under surface of the roller would pass through the centre of the
space through which the warps travel so that they are taut when up and down
and slacken as they approach the centre. This arrangement is shown in Fig. 1,
the imaginary line being drawn between the roller and the mat 7. For the
purpose of making the shed the two rows of heald rods 8 are carried by bars 9, 9
each of which is suspended by two links 10, 10 attached to one end of
cranks 11, 11, those at one side being pivoted to the inner frame 12 of the loom
and those at the other side of the loom being pivoted to a bracket 11ª of said
frame. The opposite ends of the cranks are connected by a bar 13. The healds
are suitably guided by passing through a bar 14 and each bar 9 has attached to it
at one end connecting rods 15 (Figs. 2 and 3) connected to levers 16, 16 pivoted
on a shaft 16 carried between the inner frame 12 and outer frame 151
Figs. 2 and 3 and carrying rollers 16", 16" which work in cam grooves 17, 17ª
(Fig. 2) arranged on opposite sides of a disc 18 mounted on a shaft 19 which is
driven by spur wheel 20 from a pinion 21 on a main shaft 22. The upward
and downward movements of the rods 15 thus produced positively operates the
healds in both directions by alternately raising and lowering the bars 9, 9 and
alternately raising and lowering the two rows of healds. The thrums or
U shaped tufts of coir yarn which are inserted into the fabric and which go to
form the pile of the mat are cut off in lengths from the yarns 23 which are drawn
or fed forward by means of a clip or gripping device 24 which is termed the
back clip such clip being mounted on a plate 25 carrying what is termed an inner
tube 26, sliding in an outer tube 27. The two tubes are connected by levers 28
pivoted to a common stud and are operated by a crank 29 on a shaft 30 through
a suitable connecting rod. The clip 24 is raised and lowered at suitable intervals
by an arm 31 onl a shaft 32 and the feeding movement consists in
causing the clip 1o be lowered to grip the yarns and the two
tubes 26, 27 to move forward together to draw off the varns, the
forward tubes 27 stopping after a short movement while the back or
inner tubes 26 continue their movement so as to project a short length of yarn
out of the forward end of each tube 27 and bring it under a suitably operated
front clip 33 which holds the end while a length is cut off by a reciprocating
knife 34 after which the lengths so cut off are forced down tubes 35 by
plungers 35 in a doubled or U shaped form such plungers having a
rotation given to them so as to bring the loops so formed at right angles to the
warp threads between which they are about to be inserted. All the above
mechanism has been previously described in Specification No. 10940 of 1894, and
partial

page_text: the means for giving the partial rotation to the plungers in Specification
No. 5062 of 1889. In this latter specification the means employed for giving
this rotation consisted of an arrangement of spiral grooves or the plungers which
in conjunction with other parts caused the same to rotate and instead of this
I prefer to operate the plungers more positively and to this end I employ the
arrangement shown best in Figs. 7 to 9 where the top of each plunger 35 after
passing through and being guided by a bar 35 has fixed to it a lever 36 carrying
at its other end a pin which works freely in a hole in a transverse bar 37. The
bar 37 is hung and connected to a bar 38 by pivot pins 39 which work in
slots 38, 38 in same. Said bar is held by and is capable of a transverse sliding
movement in straps or guides 40, 40 attached to a bar 41 which is superposed on
the heads or ends of the plungers and the bars 41 and 35 are carried by and
attached to a bar 42 which can rise and fall in slots 43 (Fig. 1) in the frame 12.
The frame 12 has guides 44, 44 forming curved parallel paths, secured inside of
same and against these bear rollers 45, 45. The bar 41 is reciprocated by means
of connecting rods 46, 46, the former being attached to a lever 47, rocking on a
shaft 48 (Figures 2 and 3) and carrying a roller which is operated by an eccentric
groove in a diso the parts being the same as on the other side where it will be
seen that connecting rod 46 is attached to a lever 47 pivoted on the shaft 48
on the opposite side of the inner frame 12 the lever carrying a roller 47 shown
in dotted lines in Fig. 3 which is operated on by a cam groove in a disc 49
an shaft 22. It will be seen that the reciprocating motion thus imparted will
raise and lower the frame carrying the plungers and that as they, the former,
move past the fixed guides 44 a transverse reciprocating motion will be imparted
to the bar 37 through the rollers 45 and bar 38 so that the bar 37 will be inoved
from the position shown in Fig. 8 to that shown in Fig. 9 with the result that
the plungers are positively and simultaneously turned.
In order to draw the thrum or pile yarns 23 more slowly from the bobbins
so that less strain is put on the loom whereby it may run quicker that heretofore
I arrange at the rear end two transverse bars 50, 51 having a hole for each of
the yarns, forming a guide for same, such bars being carried by uprights 50, 51°.
Between these bars there bears upon the yarns a transverse roller 52 carried by
levers 53 pivoted to brackets 54 on either side of the inner frame 12. The
levers are connected by a cross bar 55 to which is attached a connecting rod 56
which passes between the yarns 23 and is operated by an eccentric 57 from the
shaft 22 the timing being such that when the feeding tubes 26, 27 are at work the
eccentric has the roller 52 raised at its highest point and out of the way of
the yarns but as the tubes come to rest the roller is pressed down between the
two guides 50, 51 and thus draws off the thrum yarns ready for the next feeding
movement of the tubes which thus draw from a slack body of yarn instead of
direct from the bobbins.
After these lengths of yarn or thrums are cut off and forced. down the tubes 35b
by the plungers it is necessary that they should be carried forward and placed on
the warp threads 1 and to this end I employ instead of the arrangements of
parts described in the prior specification before referred to the arrangement.
shown in Figs. 1 and 2 but on an enlarged scale in Figs. 10 to 25.
This consists of a number of fingers 58. Each of these is preferably formed
as a separate part and is bolted to a transverse bar 59. Each finger has a
slot 60 in its upper end and grooved sides 61 which are hollowed out slightly
as at 62 Figs. 18 and 20. The bar 59 carries near each end guides rods 63
which pass through and are guided by a bar 64 beneath the bar 59. At each
end of the, bar is a head or plate 65 carrying four rollers 66 the two upper ones
being arranged to travel between guide bars 67, 67 and the two lower ones to
work against the under side of the lower bar 67 to assist in holding the bar 64
in place. The bar further carries lugs 68 to which is pivoted a connecting
rod 69 attached to a lever 70 (Figs. 1 and 3) pivoted at 71 in a bracket 70* such
lever having a roller 72 which works in an eccentric groove 73 of a disc 74

page_text: on the shaft 22. The rod 69 is loosely hung in the lugs 68 so that the latter
may be able to take a movement laterally. The bar 64 also carries guides 75, 75
at either end through which pass rods 76 there being one at each end of the bar
or side of the machine. Each rod terminates in a roller 77 and supports a
transverse bar 78 which carries in turn a bar 79 having a hook 79 which
engages with the notches in the ends of a series of delivery rods 80
(Figs. 21, 22, 23).
These rods have forked heads 81 adapted to seat in the grooves 61 between
each two fingers 58 the shoulder 81° of the bar resting on the bottoms of said
grooves as seen best in Figs. 24 and 25. The grooves act as a guide for the
rod as well as for holding the thrums which latter purpose is hereafter explained.
Between the frame 12 and having its bearings in same is a shaft 82 having
a lever 83 outside of the frame on both sides and levers 84 (one of which only is
seen in Figs. 10, 11 and 12) inside the frame on both sides.
The levers 84 carry rollers 85 adapted to bear against a transverse bar 86
carried by and slidable on pins 87 having suitable heads to form stops and
attached to the bar 59. The bar 86 carries pins 88 (one only of which is seen
which passes freely through the bar 58 and projects in front of same.
The shaft 82 is operated from one side of the machine as shown in Fig 2
from an arm 83 forming a crank with one of the levers 83 and to this is attached
a connecting rod 83b pivoted to a connecting rod 83° pivoted in turn on shaft 48.
The fever 83 carries a roller 83d which works in an eccentric groove or cam 83°
of a disc 83 on shaft 22.
The bar 59 has lugs 89 at each end which carry rollers 90 which slide on the
upper side of the upper guide 67. Mounted on and bolted to the bar 86 are a
series of dividers 91 which consist of metal fingers of U shape in section their
greatest depth being somewhat less than the depth of the groove 61 of the
fingers 58 into which they are adapted to enter and from which depth they
taper off forward into a point and preferably as shown rearwardly also.
The levers 83 of which there is one at each end of shaft 82 are also attached
to connecting rods 92 (Figs. 1, 2, 10, 11, 12, 13) which pass to one end of crank
levers 93 pivoted at 94 the other end of said levers being attached to connecting
rods 95 which are pivoted to and support rods 96 which in turn carry heads 67"
forming in one of their positions (such as that shown in Fig. 10) a continuation or
portion of the upper guide or track 67 which I term the trap. This part 67
is out of line with rod 96 as seen in Fig. 11 and in order to guide the latter it is
provided with a head 98 which works in a groove 99 of an enclosing piece 100
attached outside of the frame 12 (see Fig. 2).
Pivoted inside of the frame on each side at points 101 are two switch tracks or
guides 67 one end of which is adapted to lie closely on the top of the upper
track 67 while the other is provided with a pivoted latch the head 102 of
which engages with a notch in the side of the head 98 and serves to hold the track
or guide 67 in position when a weight is upon it until the trap 67 is lowered
as hereafter described. The latch has a part 102 corresponding to the head 102
but reversely arranged and the two are connected by a part 102b the whole
sliding in a groove 102° in the frame. The head 67 is notched both on the
upper and under sides to receive the hooked ends of the latch. The upper
guide or track 67 extends only to a point where the trap 67° can make a join
with same but the lower guide 67 extends some distance beneath and in front
of same.
Beneath the lower guide and pivoted on a stud 103 to a bracket 104
is a channel or guide 105 (Figs. 1, 5, 6, 10, 11, 12) rocked by a rod 106 through a
vertical reciprocating rod 107 which is guided in eyes 108 as shown in Figs. 5
and 6. The bar 107 has a curved slot 109 therein with which engages a pin 110
carried by a bar 106 so that the latter will be reciprocated by a vertical move-
ment of the rod 107 which movement is effected from a lever 111 pivoted outside
frame 12 and connected to the strap of the eccentric 112 on shaft 19,

page_text: The transverse bar 64 carries a stud 113 beneath same having a roller 114
(shown in dotted lines in Figs. 10 to 14) which is adapted to enter the channel
or guide 105.
At the front of the loom are two fixed uprights 115 (Figs. and 14) carrying
a sloping table 116 on which the mat rests as it is being formed and at the lower
ends two sloping fixed guides 117 against which the rollers 77 of rods 76 are
adapted to strike.
The operation is as follows. The plungers 35 force the cut off thrums 118
through tubes 35b into the grooves 61 between the fingers 58 where they seat on
the upper side of the shoulders 81° (Fig. 24) of heads 81 of the rods 80 the
parts being in the position shown in Fig. 10. The plungers next begin to
retire and the rotation of the shaft 82 through the levers 84 forces forward bar 86
thus thrusting the dividers 91 between the fingers 58 and the forked ends of the
rods 80 until these particular parts are in the position shown in Fig. 24 so that
the thrum 118 is held securely in place and is also kept open. The levers 83 also
through rods 92 cranks 93 and connected parts raise the track pieces 67 which
thus raise and latch the switches 67 bringing all the parts into the position shown
in Fig. 12. The rod 69 now begins to move bar 64 forward between the guides 67
and the roller 114 engages the lateral motion guide or channel 105 which move
same to give the fingers the position desired. This is effected by moving the
channel 105 into the dotted position Fig. 11 on the right hand of the central
position so that the roller 114 is caused to move to one side thus drawing the
rollers 66 and 90 further out on the guides 67 which are made wide enough for
the purpose and shifting the bars 64, 59 and 86 laterally so that at the end of the
forward movement they are in such a position that the thrums carried thereby
are placed on the warps which have previously been the idle warps. As the
parts move up such guides 67 the roller 90 of the bar 59 travels on the upper
side of the upper track 67 until it meets the switch 67 when the bar 86 together
with bar 59 rise up on same until the parts are brought into the position shown
in Fig. 13 where it will be seen that a slight separation of the bars 86 and 59
has taken place by reason of the upward movement of bar 59 so that the
dividers 91 have commenced to leave the fingers 58. The grooves 60 of the
fingers have also raised and separated the idle warps the amount of slack in
same due to the position of the healds at this point enabling this to be done.
The movement has also lifted the delivery bars 80 by means of their heads which
are held in the fingers 58. The further forward movement of the parts results in
the rollers 90 arriving over the trap 67 at which moment the rollers 77 are on the
top of the inclines 117 and the delivery bars 80 are held up the thrums being then
around each alternate warp 1, the forked ends 81 embracing the warp and
separating them from the idle warp on either side. Previously to this operation
however the pins SS carried by bar 86 have come into contact with the
uprights 115 and thus the bar 86 and dividers 91 have been forcibly driven
back to clear the fingers so that they may fall and leave the delivery rods.
Almost simultaneously with these two operations the connecting rod 92 is operated
to draw down the trap 67 through crank 93 and connected parts and the bar 86
consequently falls with it until the part or trap 67 is level with the upper
track 67. The trap in its fall strikes the end 102 of the latch and thus opens
the switch 67b so that the parts are then all in the position shown in Fig. 14
the fingers 58 having dropped also and lowered the idle warps while the healds
have raised the other warps on which the thrums have been put and formed the
shed for the weft. As soon as the backward movement begins the delivery rods
drop leaving the thrums on the warps and the parts move backward down the
tracks or guides 67, 67 the bar 86 maintaining its distance from the bar 59
so that all the parts move back into the position shown in Fig. 10 the guide 105
being for the next forward movement shifted to the opposite position so that the
rollers are forced further in on guides 67 and the parts will travel forward in a
different line at the next feeding movement.

page_text: It will be understood that the healds separate the warps in the usual way to
form a shed and that between each delivery of the thrums there is a shot of
weft put in by a suitable picking mechanism which forms no part of my present
invention and that the fabric is also beaten up by the reeds 119 (Fig. 1).
In place of the arrangement for operating the front clip which is described in
the Specification of 1894 I employ the arrangement best shown in Figs. 3, 5, 6
and 6. In this the clip 33 is hung on a fixed transverse bar 120 by means of
cranks 121 which are pivoted at 121" and are connected to them by links 121b.
Only one of these cranks is shewn in Figs. 6 and 6 but the arrangement
is the same at the other end. The upper ends of the cranks 121 are pivoted to a
transverse bar 123 one end of which projects outside the frame 12 and is con-
nected loosely to a lever 124 pivoted to one end of a shaft 125 carried in
bearings 125 on the outside of the frame 12. The other end is suitably guided.
Also connected to the bar 123 on the other side is the inner end of a crank 126 the
outer end of which is notched as indicated in Fig. 6 and is adapted to be caught
by the hooked end of a connecting rod 127. The crank is pivoted at 126 to the
frame 12. A spring 128 tends to draw the outer end of the lever 126 upwards
and thus keep the clip raised. The outer end of the lever 126 has a downwardly
projecting extension 126 against which the hooked end of rod 127 may rub when
it is out of engagement.
The other end of shaft 125 carries a hook 129 adapted to engage at intervals
with an arm 130 on the shaft 32 which operates the back clip.
The rod 127 is connected to a lever 131 having a roller 132 pivoted on shaft 48
such roller engaging with an eccentric groove or cam of a disc 133 mounted on
shaft 22. The up and down motion imparted to rod 127 draws down crank 126
the spring attached to the latter assisting it to rise and it thus reciprocates
bar 123 and front clip 33 the bar 123 in turn through lever 124 rocking shaft 125
and hook 129.
For the purpose of stopping the operation of the clins (both from front and
back) so that the thrum varns are not drawn off when the mat has been finished
or it is otherwise desired to throw the thrum feeding and spinning mechanism
out of gear. I connect to the rod 127 a rod 131° (Figs. 3 and 5) and to the other
end of the rod 131° I pivot one end of a handled lever 132 which can rock
on a shaft 133. The rod 127 is connected to rod 131 by means of a pin which
can move in a slot 131b of rod 131°.
The rods 131 and 127 are further connected by a spring 131* the effect of
which is to draw the rod 127 to the forward end of slot 131b.
The extreme forward end of the rod 131° is notched and with the notch
engages a latch 134 the purpose of which will be hereafter explained. After
lifting this latch the handle may be drawn forward and the rods 131° and 127
forced backward thus disengaging the hooked end of rod 127 from the lever 126
which is thus drawn un by spring 128 so that the front clip remains raised while
the hook 129 is also held in its forward position and consequently will prevent the
arm 130 on shaft 32 from rising so that the back clip which is raised by a spring
(as described in the Specification of 1894 referred to and the operation of which
does not form part of the present invention) is held down. In this way the clips
are both prevented from straining against each other and the feeding is stopped
as the back clip through it has the yarn gripped with the right length projecting
through the tubes simply moves backwards and forwards and does not draw off
any varn and there being no resistance at said back clip the roller 52 though it
continues to operate is unable to draw off any yarn.
For the purpose of measuring the mats as they are made and automatically
stopping the feeding of the thrums I employ the following arrangement.
In the front of the machine between the pairs of drawing off rollers 135, 136,
137. 138. and at one end of same is a slotted rod 140 (Fig. 3) which is attached to
a slotted rod 141 pivoted to a lug 142 inside one of the frames 12 the two rods
being so secured together as by a nut and bolt or otherwise that the rod 140

page_text: may be readily removed laterally to be adjusted to the width of the mat being
made. The rod 140 carries a projection 143 which is adapted to be struck by a
finger 144 carried by the mat which is shewn in dotted lines 145 in Fig. 3.
This finger consists of a piece of metal which is inserted between the warp threads
at the beginning of each mat.
The rod 140 is also adjustably attached to a transverse slotted lever 146
pivoted at 147 to the opposite side of the frame 12 and capable of rocking on said
point 147 and being formed with an extension 146" carrying an adjustable
balance weight 148 which tends to keep the opposite end of lever 146 raised. To
the part 146 of lever 146 is pivotally hung a link 149 pivoted to the free end of
latch 134 which is pivoted in turn to lug 150 on the inside of the outer frame 151.
It will be seen that as the mat travels down between the rollers 135 to 138 the
finger 144 will strike projection 143 and draw down lever 146 lifting the end 146
and raising the latch 134 with the result that the spring 131 will draw back
the rod 131 and force the hooked end of rod 127 off the lever 126 and the clip
will thus be kept raised. The parts are restored by the handled lever 132°,
by which the rod 131 is moved forward and through the spring 131ª draws
forward rod 127 so that the hooked end of rod 127 is drawn against the ex-
tension 126 of the crank 126 and as such rod is always reciprocating vertically
it will engage the crank 126 and begin to operate it again. The catch 134 is
restored by the weight 148 which also puts the lever 146 back again into the same
position for the next mat. The object of the slot 131b in the rod 131 is to
allow rod 131° to be drawn forward to engage with the catch irrespective of
whether the rod 127 to which it is attached is at the top or the bottom of its
stroke.
It is desirable when a mat is finished and a division is required between it and
the next mat to draw it down quickly, together with the warp threads which
constitute said division and for this purpose I secure to the lower rear drawing off
roller 138 a sleeve 152 (Fig. 3) moveable with it and surrounding the shaft 133°
which merely forms a support for the sleeve and is not attached to the roller.
The sleeve 152 carries an arm 153 and spring pressed pawl 154 (Figs.
which bears against a ratchet wheel 155 (Figs. 3 and 5) secured on shaft 133°.
The shaft 133 turns in bearings on frame 151 and terminates in a worm
wheel 156 operated by a worm 157 on a shaft 158 suitably supported in bearings
outside the frame 151.
and)
At the other end of shaft 158 is a bevel wheel 159 gearing with a similar
wheel 160 on a shaft 161 carried in a bracket 162 projecting at right angles
to the frame. The shaft 161 carries a sprocket wheel 163. The sleeve 152
carries a sprocket wheel 164 which is driven by means of a chain from a
sprocket wheel 164" on the shaft of the upper front roller 135 so that as the
latter is driven by the drawing through of the mat the roller 1337 is also driven.
The back rollers 136, 138, are also provided with sprocket wheels 164, 164°
connected by a chain and the roller 138 is normally driven by spur wheel 207
(Fig. 2) on the opposite side to ratchet wheel 155 through a wheel 208 carried in
a curved slot 209 in a bracket attached to frame 12. The slot corresponds to
the centre of wheel 207. The wheel 208 is driven by a change wheel 210 carried
on a stud 211 in a suitable bracket (Fig. 5) of the frame and such stud extends
through inside the frame (Fig. 3) and carries a ratchet wheel 212 driven by a
pawl 213 hung on an arm 214 pivoted on stud 211. By substituting other wheels
for wheel 210 a change in speed is effected. Connected to arm 214 is a rod 215
operated by an eccentric 216 on shaft 22 the reciprocation of the rod 215 giving
through the ratchet and pawl an intermittent movement to the parts. On the
shaft 161 is pivotally hung a lever 166 the upper end of which forms a bearing
for the spindle 168 of a pulley 167 the other end of the spindle 168
being carried on an arm 169 capable of rocking on the shaft 161.
The spindle 168 carries a sprocket wheel 103" which is connected by
a chain with the wheel 163. The lower end of lever 166 is attached to

page_text: an adjustable connecting rod 170 connected to a crank 171 the opposite
end of which carries a weight 172. The crank is pivoted on a shaft 174
supported in bearings between the inner and outer frames (Fig. 3) the inner end
of such shaft 174 having an arm 173 secured to it connected to a rod 176 attached
to a pivoted foot lever 177 in the front of the machine.
over
Supported in the frames 12 and passing also through the right hand side
frame 151 is the driving shaft 178 carrying fast and loose pulleys 179, 180 the
former being driven by belt 181. Supported on a stud in a bracket 182 attached
to the frame 151 is an idle pulley 183 which is located inside the belt 181. The
shaft 178 carries a pinion 184 which drives a spur wheel 185 on shaft 22 which
shaft carries the pinion 21 (Fig. 1) which gears with spur wheel 20 on shaft 19.
The upper end of the lever 166 carries a cord 187 which passes
pulleys 188, 188, 188, hung in brackets on some fixed point as the ceiling
and in a bracket on frame 151 respectively. The other end of the cord is attached
to a counter weighted lever 189 having a cranked end 190 and pivoted at 191 to
frame 12. The end of the cranked portion carries a brake shoe 192 which
bears against the rim of a disc 193 on stud 3. The operation is as follows:-
The roller 138 is driven intermittently as described and through the sprocket
wheels (and chains) 164 and 164 the upper roller 136 is driven, the friction of
the mat passing through, driving in turn roller 135 the sprocket wheel 164ª of
which through the chain drives the sprocket wheel 164 of roller 137. The
motion thus transmitted to roller 138 rotates the sleeve 152 the pawl carried by
which travels around the ratchet wheel 155 without operating same.
As soon
however as it is desired to pull off the mat directly and quickly the foot lever 177
is pressed down (after stopping the thrum feeding mechanism) thus rocking
lever 166 on shaft 161 pulling cord 187 raising lever 189 and so removing the
brake 192 from disc 193. The brake is otherwise normally on to give the
necessary drag to the warps passing between rollers 2, 2. The warps are by
this means enabled to be drawn through freely. The continued movement of
lever 166 brings pulley 167 against belt 181 and presses it against the loose
pulley 183 (which acts as a support) and the pulley 167 is thus driven and
drives through sprocket wheels 163", 163 shaft 161 which in turn drives through
bevel gears 160 and 159, shaft 158 which through worm 157 and worm wheel 156
drives shaft 1833 and ratchet wheel 155 which thus overtakes the pawl 154 and
commences to drive sleeve 152 and roller 138 continuously.
For the purpose of making a mat having good wearing qualities and presenting
a well finished appearance it is desirable that the outside warps on each side
receiving thrums should carry a close series of such thrums which will not be the
caso if they only receive a thrum alternately as would be ordinarily the case.
I therefore provide an arrangement shewn in Figures 26 and 27 by which the
outside warps will receive a thrum each time. These two outside warps 1", 1", are
passed through guides 195, 195, each of which as shewn may consist of two
fingers attached to a plate 196 secured to a transverse bar 197 suitably supported
in guides 198, 198, (Figs. 1 and 3) on the inner frame 12 and capable of sliding
therein. The fingers are adjustable on the bar by means of holes 199 and
corresponding holes in plates 196 through which holes pass suitable bolts.
The end of the bar carries a roller or pin 200 engaging in a slot 201 in the
bar 107 (see also Fig. 5) so that the reciprocation of the latter will slide
the bar 197 to and fro its movement therefore corresponding with the rocking of
the channel 105 which effects the lateral movement of the thrum carrying fingers.
The beater 119 is carried in the usual manner by the slay (which it is not
necessary to shew) and the numerous reeds which go to make up same are carried
in the upper and lower bars 202, 202ª of same respectively by rods 203, 204 on
which they are threaded each rod being seated in a groove in the bar as shewn
in Figs. 1 and 26 and passing through the ends of the reeds which are separated
by washers 205. In this way by withdrawing the rods one or more of the reeds
can be removed and a larger washer 205ª inserted in their place leaving a wider

page_text: gap between the reeds for the warps 1", 1ª, to pass through and allowing them
room to be reciprocated by the movement of the bar 197 as shewn in Fig. 27.
It is desirable to provide a selvage for the mat in addition and to this end a
further warp 1b, 1b, is used at the extreme outside such warp receiving no thrums
but only being held to the mat by the weft thread which bends round same.
These threads 1b, 1b are passed between reeds 119 which are out of a straight
line with their healds 8 as shewn in Fig. 27 so that room is allowed for the
warps 1, 1, to be reciprocated.
the
The operation is as follows where referring to Fig. 27 and commencing from the
left hand it will be seen that the warp 1 has been moved out of the straight line
and referring for the purpose of explanation to the warps by the letters a, b, c, d,
a, b, c, d, it will be seen that a thrum will be put on the alternate warps a, b, d,
and so on and on the other side on the alternate warps a¹, c', and so on,
shifting back of the bar bringing the warps 1" into the position shewn in dotted
lines, when the thrums will be put on the alternate warps a, c, and so on, and
on the alternate warps on the other side a band so on, the warps 1ª, 1", (a a¹)
always receiving a thrum by reason of their being caused to follow the movement
of the thrum fingers which come up from beneath the warps as previously
explained.
In connection with the measuring device it has been found desirable to keep an
even strain on the mats as they pass through the drawing off rollers as otherwise
they may bend or curl and thus the finger 144 may miss the projection 143 or
strike it late and further it is desirable to take away the mats and coil them up
as they are made (and before they are separated).
To this end I employ the arrangement shewn in Figs. 28 and 29 in which the
arm 214 is connected to and operates a rod 217 having a slot 217ª in its front
end with which engages a pin or stud of a lever 218 pivoted in a frame 219 and
carrying at its other end a pawl 220 engaging with a ratchet 221 on the shaft of
a roller 222. The roller has lugs 224 at each end and through holes in which
pass a rod 223 by means of which the first mat may be attached to the roller 222
the rod being first withdrawn and the mat placed on the roller and the rod
replaced. A pawl 225 prevents the roller turning backwards.
To the end of lever 218 is attached a spring 226 the other end of which is
secured to frame 12 of the loom.
As the rod 217 is drawn back the lever 218 by the action of the spring will
follow same the slot 217" allowing a larger movement to the rod 217 than is
necessary for the movement of the lever 218 and pawl 220 which is controlled by
the amount of mat it is able to draw off. As this very small the forward move-
ment of the pawl is slight. Its backward movement is effected by the forward
movement of rod 217 when the end of the slot 217 engages the pin of lever 218.
The mats 7 leave the loom by passing under a roller 186 and pass up to roller 222
around a roller 227 on frame 219.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is: -
1. In a machine for weaving coir yarn mats and similar fabrics the mechanism
for shedding the warps consisting of the roller under which the warps are
carried, and the positively operated heald levers arranged to pull the warps taut
when up and down and to slacken as they approach the centre substantially as
and for the purpose described.
2. In a machine for weaving coir yarn mats and similar fabrics the
mechanism for positively operating the plungers consisting of a lever carried
by each plunger a shifting har adapted to rock all the levers simultaneously and
fixed eccentric guides for reciprocating the shifting bar during an upward and
downward movement of the bar and plungers, substantially as described.
3. In a machine for weaving coir yarn mats and similar fabrics the means for

page_text: drawing the yarns from the bobbins consisting of a roller or bar adapted to bear
on all the yarns between fixed guides through which the yarns pass and means for
forcing the roller or bar onto the yarns so as to produce a slack body of yarn
between the two guides for the feeding mechanism to draw from substantially
as described.
4. In a machine for weaving coir yarn mats and similar fabrics a thrum carrier
consisting of fingers into which the cut off thrums are forced, a delivery rod
seated in each finger a divider adapted to hold the thrum in the finger and keep
same open when the plunger leaves it, means for carrying the fingers dividers
and delivery rods forward to the delivery point and means for withdrawing the
dividers to allow the thrums to be delivered substantially as described.
5. In a machine for weaving coir yarn mats and similar fabrics a thrum carrier
consisting of grooved fingers into which the cut off thrums are forced a delivery
rod seated in each finger a divider adapted to hold the thrum in the finger and
keep same open when the plunger leaves it, guides up which the fingers, dividers,
and delivery rods are raised, means for withdrawing the dividers means for
raising the fingers and rods to the warps means for withdrawing the fingers to
leave the rods with the thrums on the warps and means for withdrawing all the
parts and during such withdrawing shifting same laterally substantially as
and for the purpose described.
6. In a machine for weaving coir yarn mats and similar fabrics a thrum carry-
ing device consisting of a receptacle for each thrum adapted to hold the thrums
open and carry them to the delivery point and means for placing such thrums
directly upon the warps substantially as described.
7. In a machine for weaving coir yarn mats and similar fabrics a thrum
carrying device substantially as described and illustrated in the drawings.
8. In a machine for weaving coir yarn mats and similar fabrics the mechanism
for raising and lowering the front yarn feeding clip consisting of a reciprocable
bar having cranks attached to same and to the clip a cranked lever adapted to
operate the bar in one direction and a spring for operating it in the other direction
and a reciprocable connecting rod having a hooked end engaging with the cranked
lever substantially as and for the purpose described.
9. In a machine for weaving coir varn mats and similar fabrics mechanism
for operating the front yarn clip positively in one direction a spring for operating
it in the other direction, and a connecting rod and handle the movement of
which will release the clip from the positive operating means so that the same
is held up and simultaneously hold down the back yarn clip substantially as and
for the purpose described.
10. In a machine for weaving coir yarn mats and similar fabrics the
measuring device consisting of a finger carried by the mat adapted to operate a
rod and thus through a weighted lever remove a latch from a device which will
put the yarn clip or clips out of operation substantially as described.
11. In a machine for weaving coir yarn mats and similar fabrics the means
for drawing down the mats when a division between them is required consisting
of a device for removing the drag from the warp rollers which is brought into
operation at the same time that a loose pulley is forced against a driving belt
such pulley then driving mechanism whereby the mat drawing off rollers are
quickly and continuously operated substantially as described.
12. In a machine for weaving coir yarn mats and similar fabrics the means
for drawing down the mats when a division between them is required consisting of
a pivoted lever carrying a loose pulley adapted to be moved against a driving
belt and also driving mechanism for a shaft which carries in turn means for
directly driving one of the mat drawing off rolls whereby the latter may be
quickly and continuously operated substantially as described.
13. In a machine for weaving coir yarn mats and similar fabrics, the
mechanism for causing a thrum to be inserted on the outside thrum warps at
each operation of the thrum carrier consisting of a device for holding and

page_text: shifting laterally said outside warps, operated simultaneously with the thrum
carrier shifting device so that said warps are always in line with a delivery device
of the thrum carrier substantially as and for the purpose described.
14. In a machine for weaving coir yarn mats and similar fabrics, the arrange-
ment of beater, removeable reeds carried thereby and the reciprocable bar carrying
fingers adapted to hold the outside thrum warps and move them laterally sub-
stantially as and for the purpose described.
15. In a machine for weaving coir yarn mats and similar fabrics the combina-
tion with a measuring device and intermittently operating means for the drawing
off rolls of a mat winding roller intermittently operated from the latter whereby
the mat is kept tight and is taken up as made, substantially as described.
Dated the 30th day of November 1898
PHILIP M. JUSTICE,
Chartered Patent Agent, 55 and 56, Chancery Lane, London,
For the Applicant.