Year: 1885

page_text: I STAMMERS MORRISSON of Strathallan, St Saviours Road, Brixton Rise in the
County of Surrey, Medical Practitioner do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
According to my invention my new or improved carriage spring is made of a
single piece of metal preferably steel and a portion as hereafter described forming
ก portion of the arc of a circle: the spring extends from underneath the body of
the carriage, thence over the axle; and at a short distance beyond and to the rear
of same it describes the radius or are of a circle till at or about in a perpendicular
line from the centre of the arc where it gradually curves round and terminates
near the central point. At or about the commencement of the curve towards the
central point of the circle the spring is connected to the carriage back by bolts
and clips or in other convenient manner and in like manner to the axle and
bottom of the body. There may be in addition to the above a curved supporting
brace made of one piece of metal and placed between the axle and central portion
of spring. These springs are made of flattened steel or other suitable metal and
preferably of a single piece of metal extending from end to end of the spring that
is of one piece of flat steel or other suitable metal extending from the bottom
of the carriage body to over the axle and round in the form described to the
carriage back and to near the central point before mentioned. The spring may
however be made in two parts, one part or portion extending from the carriage
body to the axle, the other from the axle in the curve described. The fore
carriage spring is or may be composed of two such curved springs which may
be opposed to one another those portions which are bent round towards the centre
of the arc and those portions bent in towards the centre may be opposite to one
another or may be back to back or come one within the other as found most
advisable according to the class of carriage to which the springs are applied;
springs constructed in the manner before described are strong and afford great ease,
and comfortable movement to the carriage to which they are applied.
BREWER & JENSEN,
For the Applicant.

page_text: I, STAMMERS MORRISSON, of Strathallan, St. Saviour's Road, Brixton Rise, in
the County of Surrey, Medical Practitioner, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:—
According to my invention my new or improved carriage spring is made of a
single piece of metal, preferably steel; and a portion, as hereafter described,
forming a portion of the arc of a circle. The spring extends from underneath
the body of the carriage, thence over the axle, and at a short distance beyond, and
to the rear of same, it describes the arc of a circle till at, or about, in a per-
pendicular or vertical line from the centre of the arc, where it gradually curves
round, and terminates near the central point. At or about the commencement of
the curve, towards the central point of the circle, the spring is connected to the
carriage back by bolts and clips, or in other convenient manner; and in like
manner to the axle and bottom of the body.
These springs are made of flattened steel, or other suitable metal, and preferably
of a single piece of metal extending from end to end of the spring: that is, of one
piece of flat steel, or other suitable metal, extending from the bottom of the
carriage body to over the axle, and round in the form described, to the carriage
back, and to near the central point before mentioned.
The spring may, however, be made in two parts; one part or portion extending
from the carriage body to the axle, the other from the axle in the curve described.
The accompanying drawings illustrate the manner in which I carry my
invention
into effect. Figure 1 is a partial sectional side elevation of a carriage and axle;
shewing an arrangement of my improved spring applied thereto, and where the
straight portion and the arc portion are made of one piece of inetal. Figure 2
shews a similar spring where the two parts of the spring are hinged, or coupled
together, while the upper end of the spring is clipped to the pump handle of the
body; in other respects it is precisely the same in principle as the arrangement
shewn in the previous figure, each part being formed of a single piece of metal; but
the straight portion might be composed of two or more pieces or plates in com-
bination with my single arc spring, or the arc spring might be composed of a
number of pieces in combination with the single straight portion of the spring.
Figure 3 is a partial back view of the arrangement shewn at Figure 2; Figures 4
and 5 shew in side and back elevation respectively straight or supporting springs
combined with circle or arc springs constructed according to my invention, and
showing this combination applied to a "Hansom" cab; Figures 6 and 7 are
respectively part sectional side elevation and part sectional back elevation the
latter on line X Y of Figure 6 shewing a combination of circular and straight
spring for supporting the front end of the straight axle spring hereafter marked D,

page_text: and Figure 8 shows the addition of a second or supporting plate b¹ for further
strengthening when required the inward curve of the circle or arc spring A.
Similar letters of reference refer to like parts in all the figures.
A is the circle or arc shaped part or spring which is curved round or drawn
back inwards towards the centre of the arc part or spring A as shewn at b; and
connected to the pump handle marked B, where it is secured by bolts and clips
as shewn at Figures 2 and 3; or by a link hinge, or coupling, as shown at
Figure 1.
The couplings are, or may be, provided with india rubber or leather bearings as
a convenient means of connecting the spring to the carriage body, or axle, or pump
handle. C Figures 2 and 3 is the hinge connecting the circle or arc shaped part
or spring A to the straight or supporting part, or spring, D; which latter is hinged
to the carriage back as shewn in the several views.
At Figures 4 and 5 the side springs A and D are shewn of a similar combination
of a straight or supporting part or spring D, and a circle or arc shaped part, or
spring A, formed in one piece as described with reference to Figure 1; the rear
end of the straight or supporting part or spring D of the two side springs being
suspended by couplings, with india rubber or leather bearings if desired, to the
circle or are shaped parts or springs of a back spring A¹ D¹ D¹ A¹ formed, as will
be seen at Figure 5, of a straight or supporting part or spring D¹ and two circle or
arc shaped ends A¹.
I prefer to enlarge the middle portion of the spring A. as at a, and gradually to
reduce the thickness towards the two junction points B and C. The fore carriage
spring is of a similar construction, or may be composed of two such curved springs
which may be opposed to one another, or otherwise modified, as found most
advisable, according to the class of carriage to which the springs are applied.
These springs may also be applied to bath chairs, tricycles or other vehicles.
Springs constructed in the manner before described are strong, and afford ease
and comfort.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that I am aware that
it is not new to couple together two half springs by a scroll or C spring; neither
is it new to make a C spring in one piece with the lower member of an elliptic
spring; and it is also not new to fix the C springs to the axles; nor is it new to
make carriage springs of tapered steel; nor to connect one end of the spring to the
axle, and the other to the carriage body; and I am also aware that it is not in
itself new to connect the top end of a C spring to a hanging piece of metal on the
back of the carriage itself. But the recurving round, or the drawing back inwards
of the circle or arc shaped part or spring A as shewn at 6 (which recurving may be
at either end of the arc), is important, as giving great freedom and range of action;
while the straight or supporting part or spring D gives counter action, strength,
and stability. Therefore what I claim is :-
1. In Carriage Springs the circle or arc shaped part or spring A curved round or
drawn back at end b, inwards towards the centre of the arc, in combination with
the straight or supporting part or spring D, in one piece of metal, and however
fixed to the body, axle, pump handle, or fore carriage, substantially as, and for
the purposes hereinbefore described, and illustrated with reference to the accom-
panying drawings.
2. In carriage springs the circle or are shaped part or spring A curved round or
drawn back at end b inwards towards the centre of the arc, in combination with
the straight or supporting part or spring D when the parts or springs A and D are
composed or formed of separate pieces of single plates of metal, and however fixed
to the body, axle, pump handle, or fore carriage; all substantially as set forth.
3. In carriage springs the combination of the circle or arc shaped part or
spring A, curved round or drawn back at end 6 inwards towards the centre of the

page_text: arc, and composed or formed of a single piece or plate of metal, with the straight
or supporting part or spring D, when the latter is composed or formed of two or more
pieces or plates of metal; or vice versa, namely, the straight or supporting part or
spring D composed of one piece or plate of metal, in combination with the circle
or arc shaped part or spring A, or with an approximation to such circle or aro
shaped part or spring A, when the latter is composed or formed of two or more
pieces or plates, and curved round or drawn back at end 6 inwards towards the
centre of the arc; substantially as herein set forth.