IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
Year: 1875

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Gadsby, of Metheringham, in the County
of Lincoln, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
Scaled the 15th February 1876, and dated the 18th August 1875.

page_text: ference obtained from a lamp placed under the apparatus, and it
ascends centrally an annular dome or conically topped chimney boiler, a
lower compartment of which is separated from the upper compartment
by a series of vertical or nearly vertical water pipes, and between and
around these pipes the heat will also have free access. These compart-
ments are also united by a flow and return pipe, which may be carried
as and where required, say, ten, twelve, or any other suitable number of
feet to aid in accomplishing the desired heating. The inner circum-
ference of the chimney at its top is closed, and the water circulates
above it; the products of combustion are thus arrested, and are made to
escape through transverse radiating or horizontal or nearly horizontal
smoke pipes passing through the water space of the upper compartment
of the boiler and into the annular space between the outer circumference
of the boiler and the enveloping heat retaining casing, which is so
contracted or formed or provided with rims at its top and bottom as to
fit or nearly fit the outer circumference of the boiler, its upper rim
being provided with openings for the escape of the incompletely utilized
heat above it, which is then further retained between the outer circum-
ference of the conical top of the boiler and a loose conical top which is
fitted over on to the casing, and there it imparts its heat to the water in
the top of the boiler and to the air surrounding the casing. The heat is
thus caused efficiently to heat the water which circulates in the flow
and return pipe (or pipes), and subsequently to impart its unutilized
heat to the air surrounding the casing, which casing may be soldered to
the boiler, and provided with legs or supports so as to raise the apparatus
to any convenient height required.
A
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Joseph Gadsby in the Great Scal Patent Office on
the 18th February 1876.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPH
GADSBY, of Metheringham, in the County of Lincoln, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of August, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five, in the thirty-
ninth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,

page_text: give and grant unto me, the said Joseph Gadsby, Her special licence
that I, the said Joseph Gadsby, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Joseph Gadsby, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR HEATING GREENHOUSES, HALLS, SHOPS, OR OTHER APARTMENTS OR
PLACES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Joseph
Gadsby, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Scal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Gadsby, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement in writing, and on reference being had to the
accompanying Sheet of Drawings, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the construction of
apparatus specially arranged and designed for use in heating green-
houses, vineries, shops, entrance halls, offices, saddle rooms, and other
apartments or places where an open fire is objectionable, and it has for
its object the effecting of such heating in a more cleanly, constant, and
economical manner than hitherto, in order to attain the maximum
capabilities of heating of so small and portable an apparatus.
Such being the nature and object of my said Invention I will now
proceed to describe more in detail the manner in which the same is to
be or may be performed or carried into practical effect, and in order that
the same may be more completely understood I have annexed hereunto
one Sheet of Drawings illustrative thereof, and have marked the same
with figures of reference corresponding with those in the following
explanation thereof, that is to say :—
On the accompanying Sheet of Drawings Figure 1 represents an

page_text: my improved heating apparatus; Figures 3 to 13 are illustrative of
various details and modifications, and will be subsequently more par-
ticularly referred to.
"
My improved heating apparatus is, as is clearly shown in Figure 2,
constructed with what I term a chimney boiler" 1, which is enveloped
by a heat retaining casing 2, which may be made ornamental as shown and
provided with legs or supports 3 to raise the apparatus to any convenient
height required. The chimney boiler consists of an internal casing or
main flue 4, up which the products of combustion pass, and of an
external casing 5, and between which, that is in the annular space
formed by the casings 4 and 5, the water is contained, as shown in blue
lines.
Through the main flue 4 are passed two or more water tubes 6, which
may be arranged as shown in Figure 2, and in the sections, Figures 3
and 4, or as shown in Figures 5 and 6. In the former Figures they are
shown as leading from separate chambers 7 (in communication through
holes S with the surrounding water space) to the water space above the
conical top 9 (described herein-after), but in the latter Figures they are
shown as elbowed at the bottom, and as there projecting through the
sides of the fluc 4, and leading from the surrounding water space to the
water space above the top 9, which should then be made of a flatter
shape, as shown, and this latter arrangement, which allows of the intro-
duction of more of such tubes 6, is preferred when a more extended
series of the circuit pipes 10 (described herein-after) are required to be
attached to the boiler.
The heat is by preference obtained from a lamp of ordinary construc-
tion, which is placed under the apparatus, and suspended in position by
the hangers 11, and, as above mentioned, it first ascends the central or
main flue 4, the crown or top 9 of which is dome or cone shaped, and
thus arrests the upward current of heat.
For obtaining the required heat mineral oil is preferred, but gas or
spirit is also applicable. The oil or spirit may be applied by one or
more lamps of ordinary construction, and provided with one or more flat
or circular burners, which are placed in what I term the "combustion
chamber" 12, so as to be surrounded and enclosed by the compartment 13
(described herein-after) of the boiler. The combustion chamber 12 may

page_text: burners used.
Air for the purpose of supporting combustion is admitted through
small apertures 14 made in the inner flange 15 of the boiler, see Figure 7,
and also through the burners of the lamp or lamps.
Passing through the compartment 13 of the boiler a sight hole 10 is
made opening into the combustion chamber 12 to view the flame, and
opposite to this the casing 2 is provided with a small door 17 fitted with
transparent horn 18 in lieu of glass.
The boiler 1 also consists of or is constructed with two compartments
13 and 19, which are separated in one sense, and united in another by
a series of vertical or nearly vertical water pipes 20 (see also Figure 8,
in which 21 represents the lower division plate), and between and
around these pipes 20 the heat also has free access and play as it ascends
to the flue 4, and can thus pass out to and surround the lower part and
outside of the casing 5. These compartments 13 and 19 are also united
by a circuit or flow and return pipe 10, which may be carried as and
where required, say, to ten, twelve, or any other required number of feet
to aid in accomplishing the desired heating. The connections of the
pipe 10 are made by means of union joints 22. 23 is the cold water
inlet, and 24 the hot water outlet. As shown in Figure 9, the pipe 10 is
provided with a stand, leg, or support 25, and with a cold water supply
cistern 26 at or near its far end, and this cistern is provided with a
lid 27, which is not steam-tight, so that it thus acts as a sufficient safety
valve. If a moist atmosphere is required the lid 27 is removed.
Other modifications of the arrangement of the pipe 10, and more
suitable for contracted spaces, or to give a greater surface for radiation,
are depicted in Figures 10, 11, and 12. On being arrested, as above men-
tioned, by the crown or top 9 (and above which the water circulates) the
heat or products of combustion seek escape through transverse radiating
horizontal or nearly horizontal smoke pipes or passages 28, see Figures 2,
3, 5, and 6, which pass through the water space of the compartment 19
of the boiler, and lead into the annular space between the casings 5 and
2, the latter of which is so contracted or formed with rims 29 and 30 at
its top and bottom respectively as to fit or nearly fit, and it may there or
at these parts be soldered to the former, see Figure 2. The rim 29 is
made or provided with a series of holes or openings 31, see Figure 13,

page_text: and these allow of the further escape of the incompletely utilized heat
from the last-mentioned annular space to above the rim 29, where it is
further retained between the outer crown 32 of the boiler, that is, the
conical top of the casing 5 and a loose conical top or crown 33, which is
fitted over on to the casing 2, and there it further imparts its heat to
the water circulating between the crowns 9 and 32 of the boiler, and to
the atmosphere or air surrounding the crown 33, and the vapor ultimately
escapes (completely utilized of its caloric) at the open top 34; or it may
be carried away by a flue. The water is thus caused to be efficiently
heated to boiling point, if required, and to circulate in the pipe or pipes.
10, and effect the desired heating, and heat is also directly radiated and
imparted to the atmosphere or air surrounding the outer casing, and it
should be remarked the combustion is so complete that when even a
paraffin lamp is used neither smoke nor offensive smell is created, and
owing to the form and construction of the boiler the heat is so absorbed
that until the water approaches boiling point there is scarcely any per-
ceptible waste thereof escaping at the open top.
The material of which this improved apparatus is made may be either
tin, copper, brass, galvanized or plain or sheet iron in any suitable com-
bination.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature and
object of my said Invention, together with the manner in which the
same is to be or may be performed or carried into practical effect, I
would remark in conclusion that I claim as my Invention, the above
described improvements in the construction and arrangement of apparatus
specially designed for the uses specified, substantially as described and as
illustrated on the accompanying Sheet of Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Gadsby, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twelfth day of February, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-six.