Improvement in Hydrocarbon Injectors for the Furnaces of Steam Boilers.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 29th Dec., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 29th Sept., 1891-Accepted, 31st Oct., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvement in Hydrocarbon Injectors for the Furnaces of
Steam Boilers.
I, HERBERT JOHN ALLISON, of 52 Chancery Lane, London, in the County of
Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention (which
has been communicated to me from abroad by James Henry Jones, of San
Francisco, California, United States of America, Engineer,) to be as follows:-
This invention relates to the injection of petroleum or other hydrocarbon fuels
into the furnaces of steam boilers, or the back connections of marine boilers, and
it consists in the employment of a steam jet for injecting the oil, and in addition
an enveloping jet of air produced by fan blowers or other means, so that the oil is
sprayed or atomized and also heated by the steam, and then carried forward by a
current of air sufficient to supply in the best manner the quantity of oxygen
required for perfect combustion.
The apparatus employed consists of an injector with three divisions, one central
duct for steam, an intermediate annular one for oil, and an outer annular one for
air, the latter being forced in by means of a small fan blower directly connected to
the injector and driven by a small steam wheel, or by any other means for com-
pressing and forcing the air.
The inner or central tube for steam is provided in its middle part with an injector
nozzle, to induce a current and draw the oil in through small holes in the side of
the tube. It is also provided with a conical spraying valve at its discharge end,
operated by a screw outside, so that the amount of steam and oil may be regulated
while the apparatus is working.
Dated this 29th day of December 1890.
ALLISON BRUS.,
Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvement in Hydrocarbon Injectors for the Furnaces of
Steam Boilers.
I, HERBERT JOHN ALLISON, of 52 Chancery Lane, London, in the County of
Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention (which
has been communicated to me from abroad by James Henry Jones, of the City
and County of San Francisco, and State of California, United States of America,
Engineer), and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to the use of petroleum oil or other hydrocarbon fuel in
the furnaces of steam boilers, and the means of injecting and diffusing the same
with a controllable amount of air forced in with a fan, so as to secure more perfect
and effective combustion.
My present invention includes the employment of a jet of steam, and also of air,
for injecting and diffusing the oil in the furnaces, and also in the back connections
of steam boilers, and in surrounding the jet of steam and oil combined with an
enveloping volume of air produced by a fan or other suitable means for forcing
the air, so the amount or volume of the latter can be controlled and regulated at
will, not depending on natural draught or induced currents caused by the steam
jet, and consists also in simplified and improved mechanism to accomplish these
objects.

page_text: It consists further, in a diffusing valve of conical form placed at the discharge
end of the injection apparatus, so as to cause a diverging spray of oil, steam and air
mingled in proper proportions, the valve being accessible and adjustable from the
outside while the injection apparatus is in use, and a fan, or blowing apparatus,
attached to the main body or shell of the injector, operated directly by a steam jet,
so there will be no detached machinery or parts, the whole, except connecting pipes.
being self-contained and mounted on the injector apparatus, and capable of being
attached to boiler furnaces at the front or rear of the grates, in the back connection
or other part where the gases of combustion may. mingle with best effect.
The invention also includes various features of constructive detail which will
be pointed out and described in connection with the accompanying drawings, in
which
Fig. 1 is a side elevation, partially in section, of my improved injecting apparatus.
Fig. 2 is a transverse section through the line a, y, of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a side view of the fan and its cover plate, on the induction side.
Fig. 4 is a side view of the steam jet wheel for driving the fan.
Fig. 5 shows the application of my improved injection apparatus to a common
vertical steam boiler.
Fig. 6 shows an application of the apparatus to a locomotive, or other fire-box
boiler.
Fig. 7 shows the front of a common marine boiler with my improved injection
apparatus applied to two furnaces, also at the back connections of the boiler.
Fig. 8 is a longitudinal section through Fig. 7.
Referring to the drawings, similar figures of reference indicate corresponding
parts on the different sheets and figures.
In Figures 1 to 4, the main shell 1 is made strong enough to support the various
parts of the injecting apparatus, and is provided, at one end, with a flange 2, to
which is attached a second flange 3, as shown in the section Fig. 1. A similar
flange can be attached to the other end of the main shell 1 for connecting to a
steam boiler, furnace, wall, or other suitable support of any kind.
Through the flange 3 is screwed the second, or oil tube 4, which projects to
receive a socket piece 5, into which is screwed the oil supply pipe 14.
The socket
piece 5 has fitted in its end a plug or ring 6 and through this again is screwed the
inner or steam pipe 7.
On the end of this pipe 7 is another socket piece 8, which receives the steam
supply pipe 9, and at its outer end is inserted a plug or nut 10, through which
passes the screw rod 11, attached to the conical valve 12.
By means of this rod 11 and the hand wheel 13, the valve 12 is adjusted toward
or away from its seat in the end of the pipe 4, so as to more or less spray the
steam and oil as it mingles with the air in pipe 1, and escapes into the furnace.
Air is supplied by the fan 15, which is fastened on top of the main shell 1 by
means of a clamp and screw bolts 19, or may be attached by flanges and a nozzle
if desired.
The fan 15 has vanes 20, riveted on as shown in Fig. 3, and an open inlet at 16
where the air enters, and a discharge vent at 17 where the air is forced down into
the annular space 18, around the tube 4, and out at the end, mingling with the
steam and oil escaping through the valve 12.
To drive this fan 15 there is provided a small jet steam wheel 21, with curved
vanes 23, and steam jets 22 impinging on the vanes 23, as shown in Fig. 2, and also
in detail Fig. 4.
The cover 27 of this wheel 21, is made to receive the steam inlet pipe 24, and is
provided with annular steam chamber 25, and an exhaust pipe 26, where the steam
escapes, after acting on the wheel 21.
The axis or spindle 28, on which is fastened the steam driving wheel 21 and the
fan 15, has a bearing in the cover plate 27, also one in the center at 30, and another
one 31 at the fan inlet 16. A lubricating cup 32 is applied to the bearing 30 so it
may be oiled from the outside.

page_text: The steam propelling wheel 21 may be larger or smaller than shown, and may be
driven by any number of jets, as the force and volume of the air current to be
produced may require.
This wheel may also be made to act positively by steam pressure in any of the
well known forms of rotary steam engines. The method shown is the most simple
and less liable to wear and derangement than in the case of operating by direct or
maintained pressure.
The operation of my improved injecting apparatus is as follows:
Steam being turned on through the pipe 24, the fan 15 is set in motion and the
air is driven through the annular chamber 18. The steam is then turned on through
the pipe 9, producing an induced current at the nozzle 33, for drawing oil in at
the holes 35 from the annular chamber 34, as shown in Fig. 1.
The supply of oil is then turned on, and enters by the pipe 14, which is connected
with a suitable supply tank. The steam and oil supply pipes are provided with a
cock for regulating the amount fed to the apparatus.
The oil and steam thus mingled, passes into the outer extension of the pipe 7,
and escapes around the conical valve 12, which is adjusted by the hand wheel 13, to
spray the oil and steam so it will mingle uniformly with the supply of air driven
through the chamber 18.
Thus injected into a boiler furnace, combustion and heat arc by force of the air
and steam currents diffused throughout the combustion chamber, and do not
impinge on one point, as in the case when there is only an induced or natural
draught of air.
In Fig. 5, 36 is a vertical steam boiler, and 37 is the injection apparatus, the
same as shown in Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4. The pipes and other corresponding details
having like letters of reference.
In Fig. 6 my improved apparatus is shown connected with a locomotive, or fire-
box boiler, the injector 37 being set diagonally and in front, but it will be under-
stood that it can be attached at the side or in other position above the furnace, as
convenience may best serve.
The oil is in this case drawn upward by induced action of the nozzle 33, from
the tank 38, which in Fig. 5 is shown above.
In Figures 7 and 8, two injectors 37 are shown attached to the front of a marine
boiler, also two of the same applied at the sides, to operate in the back counection 39,
shown in the section Fig. 8.
Other applications of my invention will suggest themselves, the mode of operating
being the same in all cases.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
:-
First. In an oil injecting apparatus for steam boiler furnaces, the triple chamber
body of the apparatus consisting of the outer or main shell 1, the oil tube 4, the
steam tube 7, and the nozzle 33, combined and supported substantially as, and in
the manner hercin set forth and described.
Second. In an oil injecting apparatus for steam boiler furnaces, the combi-
nation of the triple-chambered apparatus 37, consisting of pipes 1, 4 and 7, with
the fan blower 15, for controlling the amount of air supplied, integrally supported
and connected, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, and arranged for attaching to the sides
or walls of a steam boiler furnace; substantially in the manner and for the purposes
herein set forth and specified.
Third. In an oil injecting apparatus for the furnaces of steam boilers, the
triple-chambered apparatus 37, consisting of pipes 1, 4 and 7, in combination with
the fan blower 15, and a steam propelling wheel 21, to control the amount of air
supplied; operating substantially in the manner and for the purposes specified.
Fourth. In an oil injecting apparatus for the furnaces of steam boilers, the
outer main shell 1, an annular oil tube 4, and a central tube 7, the latter provided

page_text: with an induction nozzle 33, and perforations 35, for drawing in and injecting the
oil substantially as, and for the purposes herein specified and explained.
Fifth. In an oil injecting apparatus for steam boilers, a fan blower 15, steam
propelling wheel 21, mounted integrally with the main shell 1, the latter provided
with air and oil chambers 18 and 34, and a central tube for steam, with an injection
nozzle 33, and valve 12, the whole combined, so as to control the amount of air
supplied with the oil; substantially in the manner and for the purposes specified.
Dated this 14th day of September 1891.
ALLISON BROS.,
Agents for the Applicant.