IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CANDLES OR OTHER SIMILAR LIGHTING OBJECTS
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George White, of 68, Queen Street, Cheapside,
in the City of London, Patent Agent, for the Invention of
" IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CANDLES OR OTHER SIMILAR
LIGHTING OBJECTS.” -A communication from abroad by Messieurs
Christian Beurle and Henri Ujhelv. of Vienna. Austria.
Sealed the 5th March 1872, and dated the 7th September 1871.
**
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George White at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
7th September 1871..
I, GEORGE WHITE, of 68, Queen Street, Cheapside,, in the City of
London, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CANDLES OR OTHER
SIMILAR LIGHTING OBJECTS," a communication to me from abroad by
Messieurs Christian Beurle and Henri Ujhely, of Vienna, Austria, to be
as follows:-.
J
The Invention relates to an improved material, to' be called' ceresine
to be made use of for the manufacture of candles, night lights, or other
similar lighting objects, which improved material is obtained from the
1

page_text: fossil called ozokerite by melting this latter at a heat of from 250 to
300° centigrade, separating therefrom and condensing the oily liquids
contained therein, cooling down till about 60° to 70°, digesting with
strong sulphuric acid, by preference Nordhausen or fuming sulphuric
acid, afterwards separating the charred particles, treating the mass with
aquous sulphuric acid (H³ SO²), and after that neutralising by means of
an anhydrous alkali. Then mixing with the mass a suitable quantity of
animal charcoal, running into cakes, which are to be submitted to heavy
pressure between pressing cloths in order to separate the charcoal, and
thus obtaining finally a hard white material, which is to be called
ceresine, and may be made use of either alone or in combination with
tallow, wax, stearine, spermacity, or other suitable materials for the
manufacture of candles, night lights, or other analogous lighting
objects.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
J
-
Te filed by the said George White in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 7th March 1872.
-
21
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
WHITE, of 68, Queen Street, Cheapside, in the City of London, Patent
Agent, send greeting.
"
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Seventh day of September, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the thirty-
fifth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said George White, Her special licence, that
I, the said George White, my executors,, administrators, and assigns,
or such others.as I, the said George White, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,' exercise, 'and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for " IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF CANDLES OR OTHER SIMILAR LIGHTING OBJECTS," a com-
munication to me from abroad by Messieurs Christian Beurle and. Henri
Ujhely, of Vienna, Austria, upon the condition (amongst others) that
'
.

page_text: I, the said George White, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent..
:
1
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George White, do hereby, declare
the nature of tho said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
"
The Invention relates to an improved method of treating the fossil
called ozokerite or ozokorite, and obtaining thereby from the said fossil
an improved material which I call' ceresine, and which may be made use
of either alone or in combination with beeswax, vegetable, wax, stearine,
paraffine, spermacity, tallow, candle stuff, or other suitable analogous
materials for tlie manufacture of candles, wax lights, wax tapers, night
lights, or other similar lighting objects.
1 F
"
.or
For this purpose 100 parts by weight of the said fossil ozokerite o
ozokorite are heated in a suitable vessel to about 150° centigrade till the
evolved aetherial oils or gases are blown off. The mass is then cooled
down to 'about 60° centigrade, and at this temperature digested with
about
about 16 per cent. of fuming or so-called Nordhausen sulphuric acid
till the mass becomes thickened, after which the temperature is raised
to about 160° centigrade when' a partial decomposition of the mass and
charring, of the asphaltic particles, contained therein occurs. The entire
is then left to stand till the. charred particles have settled into a
sediment, from which latter the supernatent liquid portion is carefully
drawn off, which liquid after cooling forms a whitish, waxy material,
which may be made use of at once either alone or in combination with
beeswax, vegetable wax, stearine, paraffine, spermacity, tallow, or other
suitable analogous materials for the manufacture of candles, wax lights,
wax tapers, night lights, or other similar lighting objects..
S..
From the above-mentioned sediment 'or résidiuum another portion of
waxy material is obtained by mixing intimately therewith about 20'per
cent, by weight of pulverized animal charcoal or bone black, causing
the mass to boil for about an hour, and afterwards running into moulds

page_text: for forming into cakes, which are to be submitted to hydraulic or other
heavy pressure between pressing cloths. and heated metal pressing. plates,
the liquid which runs off is left to cool, and then. forms a yellowish
material closely resembling raw beeswax. The same is treated again at
a temperature of about 120° centigrade with about 10 parts by weight
of animal charcoal, and whilst hot is filtered through filtering paper or
other suitable heated filtering material. The filtered liquid which runs
off is left to cool and forms the material to which I give the name of
ceresine, and may likewise be used either alone or in combination with
beeswax, vegetable wax, stearine, paraffine, spermacity, tallow, or other
similar suitable material for the manufacture of candles, wax lights,
wax tapers, night lights, or other analogous lighting objects.
Having thus described and particularly ascertained the nature of the
Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be preformed, I
wish it to be understood that. I do not restrict or restrain myself to the
precise details of the above-described process as many variations may
be made therefrom without materially changing the nature of the
Invention, but what I consider to be novel and original, and therefore
claim as the Invention secured to me by the herein-before in part
recited Letters Patent is, the above-described method of treating the 1
fossil called ozokerite or ozokorite for the purpose. of obtaining there-
from a material resembling beeswax, and which may be made use of
either alone or in combination with beeswax, vegetable wax, stearine,
paraffine, spermacity, tallow, candle, stuff, or other similar suitable
material for the manufacture of candles, wax lights, wax tapers, night:
lights, or other analogous lighting materials.
In witness whereof, I, the said George White, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Sixth day of March, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two.