IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR MAKING PAPER BOARD
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Franklin Jones, of Rochester, in the County of
Monroe, and State of New York, United States of America, for the
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Franklin Jones at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd July 1865.
I, JOHN FRANKLIN JONES, of Rochester, in the County of Monroe, and State
of New York, United States of America, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES FOR MAKING PAPER BOARD," to.
be as follows:-
The object of my improvements is to produce paper board in a continuous."
indefinite length by a peculiar construction and arrangement of parts as herein-
after described.
In paper-making two distinct classes of machines have been employed.
First, the cylinder machine, wherein a cylinder takes the pulp from a vat in
which it runs and deposits it upon a felt that passes between press rollers;
second, the Fourdrinier machine, wherein a wire cloth apron is employed which
receives the layer of pulp and deposits it upon the felt to be run through the
press rollers in the same manner. My improvements combine in a degree the
qualities of both these classes of machines. A suitable frame is employed on
which is mounted in any desirable manner a large hollow cylinder composed"

page_text: of two ends, rims, or rings connected at a short distance from the periphery
by longitudinal rods on which rests a covering of wire cloth filling the entire
space between the said rings. The cylinder may be supported in any convenient
manner, and revolved by any suitable means. Around this cylinder in a circle
and at a suitable distance therefrom are arranged pressing rollers; these
rollers may extend entirely or only partially around the cylinder; they are
made adjustable in reference to the cylinder by means of pressure screws, and
coiled springs, or other suitable devices. The induction roller at the top
has a pressing device so arranged as to force the said roller away from the
cylinder to admit the pulp, and the other rollers have the pressing device so
arranged as to force the rollers down to their work. The boxes of these rollers
Around the said rollers
may be kept in position by means of set screws.
passes an endless wire mesh apron. The distance between this apron and the
cylinder is sufficient to allow the necessary depth of pulp to form the required
thickness of board. The distance between the cylinder and apron may be
varied according to the desired thickness of board by the said screw and spring, or
other convenient means. The pulp enters through a hopper or trough, and passing
between the cylinder and endless apron is compressed into a web. When carried
around to the last roller of the series by the motion of the cylinder and rollers
it is taken up by a coucher, the latter being situated at an angle equidistant
from the said roller, and another roller placed in an exterior projection on the
circular frame supporting the said rollers surrounding the cylinder. This
coucher is made adjustable by means of a spring and set screw, and presses
the web against the two rollers. A felt passes around the roller on the exterior
of the frame, and another roller in the frame of the machine, on which felt the
web is carried between the said roller in the frame and a similar roller directly
above. Within the cylinder is situated a shallow receptacle or trough prefer-
ably occupying the whole diameter of the interior, and having a suitable spout
or other means of discharge, the ends of the cylinder being left open for that
purpose. This trough catches the water pressed from the pulp at the top of
the cylinder. The suction box employed is composed of three longitudinally
grooved rollers made of india-rubber or other suitable material situated within
the cylinder at the top thereof. The two upper ones reach the wire cloth
surrounding the cylinder, and the lower one works between the other two,
forming a tight inclosed space between the three rollers and the cylinder. These
rollers have suitable end bearings, and an escape pipe opens from the said
enclosed space.
I employ also a vibrating or reprocating bar in the hopper for the purpose
of interweaving the fibres of the pulp and properly feeding the same into

page_text: the space between the cylinder and the endless apron. This bar is preferably
formed with rings and intermediate spaces, and receives its motion in any
convenient manner.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said John Franklin Jones in the Great Seal Patent Office on the.
21st October 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN FRANKLIN
JONES, of Rochester, in the County of Monroe, and State of New York, one
of the United States of America, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Third day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-ninth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
John Franklin Jones, Her special license that I, the said John Franklin
Jones, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
John Franklin Jones, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINES FOR MAKING PAPER BOARD," upon the condition (amongst others) that
I, the said John Franklin Jones, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals,
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
'
NOW KNOW YE, that the said John Franklin Jones, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
The object of my improvements is to produce paper board. in a continuous
or indefinite length; and the 'Invention consists,-
1st, in the employment of a hollow wire mesh or perforated cylinder so
arranged that the pulp is confined thereon, and so that water that is expressed
theref.on can easily pass through.

page_text: 2d, in the combination therewith of a wire mesh endless apron, between
which and the cylinder the pulp is passed to form the web of board.
3d, in the employment of an injustable coucher in combination with the
end roller of the endless apron and discharge felt.
4th, in the employment of a receptacle or trough within the large cylinder
to catch the expressed water and discharge it outward.
5th, in the employment of a suction box or boxes; formed of rollers to
draw the water from the web above.
6th, in the employment of a vibrating or reciprocating bar within the feed
hopper for the purpose of properly weaving or intertwining the fibres of the
pulp before it enters between the.cylinder and apron to be pressed.
In paper-making two distinct classes of machines are employed. 1st, the
cylinder machine in which a cylinder takes the pulp from a vat in which it
runs and deposits it upon a felt that passes between press rollers; and, 2d,
the Fourdrinjer machine in which a wire cloth apron is employed which receives
the layer of pulp, and deposits it upon the felt to be run through the press
rollers in the same way. My improved machine combines in a degree the
qualities of both these classes of machines.
In the accompanying Drawings Fig. 1. is a plan of my improved machine;
Fig. 2 is a side elevation thereof; Fig. 3, a central longitudinal vertical section;
Fig. 4, a plan of the cylinder detached; Figs. 5 and 6, views showing the
method of adjusting the boxes that support the pressing rollers connected with
the cylinder. Like letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all
Figs.
As represented a suitable frame A is employed having mounted in it in
any desirable manuer a large hollow cylinder B, that is preferably composed of
two end rims, or rings a, a, (Fig. 4) connected by longitudinal rods b, b,
situated at suitable distance apart, over which rests a covering c of wire cloth,
filling the whole space between the rings. In order to allow the discharge
of water from the receptacle or trough within the cylinder (presently to be
described) I prefer to leave the ends of the cylinder entirely open, and to
support said cylinder on friction rollers d, d, resting under its rims a, a, at
each end, said friction rollers being sustained by circular stationary bearings
C, C, or equivalent, connected with the frame on each side of the machine
within which the cylinder revolves; but any equivalent means of supporting
the cylinder and allowing it a free revolving motion may be employed. The
cylinder may receive motion by any desirable means, that represented in the
Drawings being a spur gear e on one of its rims, into which meshes a
pinion. Around the cylinder B, in a circle and at suitable distance there-

page_text: from, are situated pressing rollers, d, d, d, whose journals rest in boxes 9, 9,
(Figs. 5 and 6) which in turn rest in the bearings C, C, and are adjusted up
and down to separate the rollers more or less from the cylinder by means of
pressure screws h, h, and coiled springs i, i, or some equivalent device, The
device in Fig. 5 is that connected with the first or induction roller at the top;
and in this case the spring i is under the box g so as to force the roller upward
to allow the entrance of the pulp between it and the cylinder or bed. The
device in Fig. 6 is that connected with the other rollers, the springs i being on
top of the roller boxes to force the rollers down to their work and the screws
being used to hold the boxes when the pressure is great. The series of rollers
may extend around the cylinder to as great an extent as desired; but in the
Drawings they are shown as extending only about 3 quarters of the distance.
I prefer to make two or three of the rollers at the top dipping rollers provided
with dippers, k, k, of the form shown in Fig 3, which discharge the water that
rises around them outward through their hollow journals. Around the rollers
D, D, D, passes an endless wire mesh apron E, as represented most clearly in
Fig. 3; the distance between it and the cylinder or bed B being sufficient to
allow the necessary depth of pulp to form board of the desired thickness. It
will be seen that the screws and springs h, i, allow the thickness of board to
be varied at pleasure. The pulp enters through a hopper or trough G, and is
carried between the cylinder or bed B, and the endless. wire mesh apron E,
where by the revolving motion of said cylinder, and the rollers D, D, D, it is
compressed into a web x (shown in dotted lines), and is carried round to the
opposite end of the apron where it is taken off by a coucher O, and transferred
to a felt that runs around a coucher P, whence it is carried between the first
press rolls Q, Q. The coucher O is situated at the angle between D and P,
so as to press on both; and it is forced down on the web by means of a spring t,
and screw u, similar in arrangement to that shown in Fig. 6. The effect is to
cause pressure on the web against both contiguous rollers, and thus
take the
web off properly. By this means I am enabled to form paper board of, an
indefinite length, and of any desired thickness, instead of in separate sheets as
usual. There are several advantages in the arrangement above described.
+1
1st, the circumference of the cylinder B which forms the bed on which
the web is formed is equal in extent to the same length in the form of an
endless apron (as in the Fourdrinier machine); but in the form of a cylinder
it is much more compact and less bulky than in the form of an apron; and
therefore the framework and machinery instead of occupying many feet in
length as usual are compressed in a very small compass, which not only ensures
in cost of building, but saves labor in operating and attending.
economy
:.
I

page_text: 2d, the wire cloth c being rigidly secured to the cylinder, and the latter
revolving instead of the wire, itself receiving an independent motion, the
great friction, and wear, and the irregular motion that attends a travelling
wire apron is obviated. In the use of an apron it is necessary in order to
ensure its running easily to allow it a certain degree of looseness to pass
around its rollers. This of course makes its action irregular, and the web can
not be pressed so perfectly upon it as would be the case if it were taut. In
my device the wire can be made as taut as
the use of an apron the wear soon renders it useless; while in my device
there being no friction of the wire, and consequently not much wear the same
is very enduring.
desired around the cylinder. In
3d, the employment of the endless apron E, and the rollers D in connec
tion with the cylinder enables me to form board of any desired thickness, and
in a continous length very rapidly, while the water that is expressed is allowed
to escape through between the rods b, b. Within the hollow cylinder B is
situated a shallow receptacle or, trough H, preferably occupying the whole
diameter of the interior, and having a suitable discharge spout m, passing out
at one end, as clearly shown in Figs. 2 and 3. This receptacle catches such
water as is expressed from the pulp, and passes through the top of the cylinder.
Its employment is absolutely essential, for otherwise the water would pass
through the bottom of the cylinder and re-wet the web below. As the ordinary
suction boxes, such as are employed in the Fourdrinier machine, cannot be
used in connection with the cylinder I have described, I employ one of peculiar
arrangement and construction. It consists of three rollers I, I, K, situated
within the cylinder at the top, and having end bearings p, p, and so arranged
as to enclose a space n, from which opens an escape pipe q. The upper rollers
I, I, reach to the wire c, and the lower roller K works between the two upper
rollers in order to keep the inclosed space tight. I prefer to employ india-
rubber rollers; but any other that will accomplish the same purpose may be
used. It will be seen that by the use of this arrangement I produce the
necessary suction. I employ a vibrating or reciprocating bar L, (Figs. 1 and
3) in a suitable position in the hopper for the purpose of interweaving the
fibers of the pulp, and properly feeding the same into the space between the
cylinder and endless apron. I prefer to form. this bar with alternate ribs or
rings r, r, and intermediate spaces s, s, as shown, so as to catch and hold the
fibers; but if desired this arrangement may be modified and still produce the
same result. This bar receives an end motion by any desirable means, that
represented in the Drawings being a pitman outside the frame operated by any
suitable power. The action of the bar is somewhat similar to felting, the

page_text: object being to interweave or intertwine the fibres so as to make the web as
strong in one direction as another. In the Fourdrinier machine this effect is
accomplished by giving a lateral shake to the endless apron; but in my
machine this cannot be done as the cylinder is stationary.
venti
1st, the hollow cylinder B, constructed so as to confine the pulp in place to
be pressed, and provided with the wire mesh c, and rods b, b, or equivalent,
so arranged as to form the pressing bed, and to allow the expressed water to
pass through, substantially as herein set forth.
2d, the combination of an open wire mesh or perforated cylinder B, wire
apron E, and pressure rollers D, D, for forming paper board in a continuous or
indefinite length, substantially as herein set forth.
3d, the employment of the adjustable coucher O, in combination with the
end roller D, and coucher P, and felt as herein set forth.
4th, the water receptacle or trough H, in combination with the hollow
cylinder B substantially as specified.
5th, the suction box or boxes composed of rollers I, I, and K, operating
substantially in the manner, and for the purpose herein set forth.
6th, the employment of the vibrating or reciprocating bar L for the purpose
of interweaving the fibres of the pulp, preparatory to being pressed, substan-
tially as set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Franklin Jones, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this 4th day of September, in the year of our Lord
1865.
JOHN FRANKLIN JONES. (L.S.)
JOHN FRANKLIN JONES. (L.S.)