for Heating Rooms and for similar Purposes.
Year: 1885

page_text: for Heating Rooms and for similar Purposes.
I, SAMUEL KOCHERTHALER, of Ernsbach, Wurtemberg, in the Empire. of
Germany do hereby declare the nature of my invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE SUPPLY OF HEAT. FOR HEATING ROOMS, AND
FOR SIMILAR PURPOSES" to be as follows:-
This invention relates to apparatus for enabling the amount of heat admitted to
a room or other enclosed space to be automatically regulated to any desired degree
so that a constant temperature can be maintained in this space.
The temperature can also, when required, be raised periodically by employing in
combination with the said apparatus, means as hereinafter described.
The construction of the apparatus is based upon the employment of a volatile
liquid which vaporizes at the ordinary temperature and the vapors of which, as
they expand under higher temperatures, cause mercury to enter a receptacle in
which a float is arranged in connection with a regulating device in the heat supply
channel so that when the float ascends or descends a lesser or greater quantity of
heat is admitted into the space.
The liquid, by the expansion of the vapors of which the pressure upon the
mercury produced, is of such a nature that at the desired temperature the vapors
are at considerable pressure, whereby the sensibility of the apparatus to small
fluctuations of temperature is increased.
The arrangement of this apparatus in combination with means by which, at
desired periods of time, an increase of temperature is produced is hereinafter
described.
In carrying the said invention into practice I provide a receptacle sufficiently
strong to withstand the necessary pressure. This receptacle is fixed in the space,
the temperature of which is to be regulated.
In the cover of the said receptacle which is hermetically closed is inserted a pipe
which extends nearly to the bottom of the same. In this pipe is arranged a second
pipe capable of sliding therein, which second pipe terminates in a chamber arranged
between guides so as to be capable of being raised and lowered and provided with
a counterweight having the tendency to raise it. The said chamber is prevented
from moving upward, and is held in the desired position by a stop arranged upon
a revolving shaft and projecting over a lug on the chamber.
.

page_text: In the said chamber is placed a float which, through an opening in the cover of
the chamber, is connected with a single-armed lever capable of turning upon its
fulcrum. Upon the same axis as the said lever is a double-armed lever, upon the
longer arm of which is placed a counterweight. The motion caused by the float
when the mercury rises or falls in the said chamber as hereinafter described, is
consequently transmitted by the single-armed lever to the double lever. The short
arm of the double-lever carries a small pulley, whilst below the same, on the
chamber, is placed a similar pulley. Around these pulleys is passed a cord
fastened at its upper end to the guide frame and at the other end to a lever in
connection with a valve or the like by which the admission of heat into the space
is controlled.
•
The operation of the apparatus is as follows, that is to say:-The said chamber
which can be moved upwards between the guides, has first to be placed in the
position in which, at the desired temperature, the mercury is forced upward, in
the said pipes by the vapors of the liquid to the end of the second pipe.
Now, if an increase of temperature takes place, the mercury is caused, by the
increased generation of vapor, to enter the said chamber and raise the float in the
same, which motion is transmitted in the manner already mentioned to the double
lever, and from the latter, by the cord, to the regulating lever. By the corre-
sponding motion of the latter a diminution of the quantity of heat admitted into
the space, takes place, in consequence of which the temperature falls to the desired
degree. A scale determined by experiments and arranged on the guides, facilitates
the adjustment of the chamber for a definite degree of heat.
Instead of the said pipes being arranged so as to slide one within the other, they
can be connected by a hose which permits the movement of the receptacle in the
upward direction.
If a periodical increase of temperature in the space is to be automatically caused,
for instance, as is desirable in the drying of malt, the following additional apparatus
is provided.
On the revolving shaft, stops are arranged at definite intervals. The distances
between these stops are greater or less according to the desired increase of tempe-
rature. If, therefore, a slight increase of temperature is desired, the stops must be
placed near together, and if a greater increase of temperature is desired they must
be placed farther apart. At the upper end of the said shaft is mounted a toothed
wheel the teeth of which are in gear with a worm. Above the toothed wheel is a
ratchet-wheel firmly keyed upon the shaft, and a pawl which can turn on the
toothed wheel engages with the teeth of the ratchet-wheel in such a manner that
the revolution of the worm is transmitted by the toothed wheel to the shaft,
causing it to turn. The revolution of the shaft in the reverse direction does not,
however, exert the least influence upon the worm, as in this revolution the pawl
on the toothed wheel slides over the teeth of the ratchet wheel and does not
consequently establish a connection between, the shaft and the toothed wheel. By
means of bevel gearing arranged at the lower end of the vertical shaft and on one
end of a horizontal shaft which is provided with a crank, the described motion can
be imparted to the vertical shaft. One end of the worm is prolonged to form a
roller which is caused to revolve by a cord and weight. Upon the same axis as
the worm and the roller is fixed a disc and an eccentric. The former is provided
with a projection, in front of which is placed a lever provided with a lug which
prevents the revolution of the disc and, of the worm and roller. The said lever is
firmly connected with a second lever so that the two levers form a single bent lever
which is pivotted. At the front end of the first lever noves a third lever which
is provided with a lug arranged at its lower end and which stands upon a firm
support preventing the dropping of the first lever.
The hand of a clock which, according to the lengths of the intervals in which
the increases of temperature are to succeed one another, makes each time a revolu-
tion corresponding to this increase, impinges against the third lever, whereby the
latter is pressed from its support so that the first lever drops. The lug on the
.

page_text: By the
latter lever then drops out of engagement with the disc so that the weight comes
into operation and effects a revolution of the roller and of the worm.
revolution of the worm a partial rotation of the vertical shaft is produced, and as
a further consequence the stop moves away from the lug on the chamber, so that
the latter is now free to be drawn upward by its weight.
By the rotation of the vertical shaft the second stop is, however, at the same
time brought into the position of the first stop so that the said second stop prevents
a further ascent of the chamber and the latter is therefore held in position until a
second partial rotation of the vertical shaft, caused in the described manner by the
clock hand permits a further ascent of the receptacle as far as the succeeding stop.
The levers moved by the clock hand are brought back into their former positions
by the eccentric after the full revolution of the roller, the said eccentric pressing
against the second lever and lifting the first lever with the third lever, so that
the latter is again supported upon its support thereby preventing the revolution
of the disc with the worm and roller in the aforesaid männer by the.first lever.
In the progressive ascent of the chamber, the channel or tube, through which
the heat enters the space is gradually opened to a greater extent by the lever and
remains in this condition until. the vapors expanding to a greater extent by the
increased admission of heat, cause the mercury to enter the chamber whereby a
regulation of the admission of heat is effected in the manner described.
It will thus be understood that on the distance between the several stops
depends the amount of the increase of heat, whilst on the disengagement of the
third lever which is effected periodically by clock mechanism, are dependent the
periods by which the increases of temperature are to succeed each other.
Springs can be used, instead of weights, for producing the movements of the
chamber and of the roller in a manner which does not require further description.
Det this Ima
f Danbo 100

page_text: *Improvements in Apparatus for Regulating the Supply of Heat
for Heating Rooms and for similar Purposes.
I, SAMUEL KOCHERTHALER, of Ernsbach, Wurtemberg, in the Empire of Germany,
do hereby declare the nature of my invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
This invention relates to apparatus for enabling the amount of heat admitted to
a room or other enclosed space to be automatically regulated to any desired degree
so that a constant temperature can be maintained in this space.
The temperature can also, when required, be raised periodically by employing,
in combination with the said apparatus, means as hereinafter described.
The construction of the apparatus is based upon the employment of a volatile
liquid which vaporizes at the ordinary temperature and the vapours of which, as
they expand, under higher temperatures, cause mercury to enter a receptacle in
which a float is arranged which is in connection with a regulating device in the
heat-supply channel, so that, when the float ascends or descends, a lesser or greater
quantity of heat is admitted into the space.
The liquid, by the expansion of the vapours of which the pressure upon the
mercury is produced, is of such a nature that, at the desired temperature, the
vapours are at considerable pressure, whereby the sensibility of the apparatus to
small fluctuations of temperature is increased.
The arrangement of this apparatus in combination with means by which at
desired periods of time an increase of temperature is produced is hereinafter
described.
In the accompanying drawing
Figure 1 is a front view of the improved apparatus.
Figure 2 is a side view of the same.
Figure 3 is a sectional view of the mercury vessel.
Figures 4 to 6 show details of the apparatus.
The receptacle C, figure 3, is sufficiently strong to withstand the necessary
pressure. This receptacle is fixed in the space, the temperature of which is to be
regulated.
In the cover of the receptacle C, which is hermetically closed, is inserted the
pipe D, which extends nearly to the bottom of the same. In this pipe is arranged
a second pipe E figure 1, capable of sliding therein, which pipe E terminates at its
upper end in a chamber F. The latter is arranged between the guides H H, so as
to be capable of being raised and lowered and is provided with a counter-weight j,
baving a tendency to raise it. The said chamber is, however, prevented from
moving upward and is held in the desired position by the stop I, arranged upon
the revolving shaft K and projecting over a lug on the chamber F.
In the chamber F is placed a float .G, which, through an opening in the cover of
the chamber, is connected with a lever L capable of turning upon a pivot. Upon
the same axis as the lever L is a double-armed lever M, upon the longer arm of which

page_text: is placed the counter-weight N. The motion caused by the float G, when the
mercury rises or falls in the said chamber as hereinafter described, is consequently
transmitted by the lever L to the lever M. The short arm of the lever M carries
a small pulley b, whilst below the same on the chamber F is placed a similar
pulley c. Around these pulleys is passed a cord O fastened at its upper end a to.
the guide-frame H, and at the other end to a lever d in connection with a valve
or the like by which the admission of heat into the space is controlled.
The operation of the apparatus is as follows, that is to say :-The said
chamber F, which can be moved upwards between the guides H, has first to be
placed in the position in which, at the desired temperature, the mercury B is
forced upward in the said pipes D and E by the vapours of the liquid A, to the
end of the pipe E and into the receptacle F.
Now, if an increase of temperature takes place, the mercury is caused by the.
increased generation of vapour to enter the said chamber F and raise the float G
in the same, which motion is transmitted in the manner already mentioned to the
lever M and from the latter by the cord O to the lever d. By the corresponding
motion of the lever d a diminution of the quantity of heat admitted into the space
takes place, in consequence of which the temperature falls to the desired degree.
A scale, determined by experiments and arranged on the guides H, facilitates the
adjustment of the chamber F for a definite degree of heat.
Instead of the pipes D and E being arranged so as to slide one within the other,
they can be connected by a hose which permits the movement of the receptacle in
the upward direction.
>
If a periodical increase of temperature in the space is to be automatically caused,
for instance, as is desirable in the drying of malt, the following additional apparatus
shown in figures 1 and 2 is provided.
On the revolving shaft K at definite intervals apart are arranged stops I I' I³.
The distances between these stops are greater or less according to the desired
increase of temperature. If, therefore, a slight increase of temperature is desired,
the stops I I¹ 12 must be placed near together, and, if a greater increase of tempera-
ture is desired, they must be placed farther apart. At the upper end of the shaft K
is mounted a toothed wheel P, the teeth of which gear with a worm S. Above the
toothed wheel is a ratchet-wheel Q firmly keyed upon the shaft K; and a pawl e
on the toothed wheel P engages with the teeth of the ratchet-wheel in such a
manner that the revolution of the worm S in one direction is transmitted by the
toothed wheel P to the shaft K causing it to turn. The revolution of the worm S
in the reverse direction does not, however, exert the least influence upon the shaft K,
as, in this revolution, the pawle on the toothed wheel P slides over the teeth of the
ratchet-wheel Q and does not, consequently, establish a connection between the
shaft K and the wheel P. By means of bevel gearing arranged at the lower end
of the shaft K and on one end of a horizontal shaft f, which is provided with a
crank, the described motion can be imparted to the vertical shaft K. One end of
the worm S is prolonged to form the roller T which is caused to revolve by a cord
and weight R. Upon the same axis as the worm S and the roller T are fixed a disc U
and an eccentric V. The former, as shown in Figures and 5, is provided with
a projection in front of which is placed a lever h provided with a lug g which
prevents the revolution of the disc U, the worin S and the roller T. The lever h
is firmly connected with a lever i so that the two levers form a single bent lever
which is pivotted at k. At the front end of the lever h is a lever 1, which is
provided with a lug arranged at its lower end and which stands upon a firm
support W. This lug normally prevents the dropping of the lever h.
The hand of a clock, the revolutions of which correspond to the lengths of the
intervals at which the increases of temperature are to succeed one another, impinges
against the lever whereby the latter is moved from its support W, so that the
lever drops. The lug g on the latter lever then drops out of engagement with
the disc U, so that the weight R comes into operation and effects a revolution of
the roller T and of the worm S.

page_text: By the revolution of the worm S, a partial rotation of the shaft K is produced
and, as a further consequence, the stop I moves away from the lug on the chamber F,
so that the latter is now free to be drawn upward by the weight j.
By the rotation of the shaft K, the second stop is, however, at the same time
. brought into the position of the first stop I, so that the said second stop prevents
a further ascent of the chamber F, and the latter is, therefore, held in position until
a second partial rotation of the shaft K caused in the described manner by the
clock hand permits a further ascent of the receptacle as far as the succeeding
stop I. The levers moved by the clock hand are brought back into their former
position's by the eccentric V after the full revolution of the roller T, the said
eccentric pressing against the lever and lifting the lever with the lever l, so
that the latter is again supported upon its support W thereby preventing the
revolution of the disc U with the worm S and roller T in the aforesaid manner by
the lever h.
In the progressive ascent of the chamber F, the channel or tube, through which
the heat enters the space to be heated is gradually opened to a greater extent by
the lever d and remains in this condition until the vapours, expanding to a greater
extent by the increased admission of heat, cause the mercury to enter again into
the chamber F, whereby a regulation of the admission of heat is effected in the
manner described.
It will thus be understood that, on the distance between the several stops I I¹ I³,
depends the amount of the increase of heat whilst, on the disengagement of the
lever which is effected periodically by a clock mechanism, are dependent the
periods by which the increases of temperature are to succeed each other.
Springs can be used, instead of weights, for producing the movements of the
chamber F and of the roller T in a manner which does not require further
description.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
First. Heat regulating apparatus constructed in such a manner that, on a definito
temperature being exceeded, mercury is forced into a receptacle F by means of
vapours under pressure, which receptacle is adjustable in the upward direction and
has within it a float G which float is connected, by means of the lever L, double
lever M, cord O and lever d, with the device for controlling the admission of heated
air into the space the temperature of which is to be regulated or maintained at a
determined point.
.
Second. The combination, with the apparatus referred to in the 1st claiming
clause, of a device by which at definite periods of time a desired increase of tem-
perature is caused, the said device consisting of the parts constructed and combined
substantially as described with reference to the accompanying drawing.
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45, Southampton Buildings, London,
Agents for the Applicant.