Year: 1885

page_text: I, AMOS WILLIAMS of the firm of R. Williams & Sons, of Hay, in the county of
Brecon Furnishing and Builder's Ironmongers do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
Hitherto it has been the practice to construct rotary churns for making butter
of a cylindrical shape and in order to successfully make the butter therewith the
churns are provided with three interior beaters or dashers. Now the object of my
invention is to dispense with the necessity of using such beaters or dashers and to
communicate the necessary agitation to the cream by the peculiar shape of the
churn itself.
For this purpose I construct the churn of wood (preferably British oak) and of
a hexagonal shape in cross section; it is provided with a bung or lid of india
rubber or other suitable material with means for fixing the same; gudgeons or
spindles are fixed to each end of the churn and revolve in anti friction bearings
fixed on a stand or frame; a bolt is provided on the stand or frame whereby the
churn can be secured in position when required to fill and empty or drain the
same and drop handles are fixed to the stand to enable the same to be easily
moved from place to place; the churn is provided with a draining hole as usual
and over the said hole inside the churn I place a small strainer in such a manner
that the churn can be easily drained whilst at the same time no butter is allowed
to escape; by this means I obviate the inconvenience experienced when using
ordinary barrel churns in which the heavier pieces of butter are liable to choke
the draining hole and prevent the butter milk from passing quickly out of the
churn; an opening covered with glass is formed in one end of the churn for the
purpose of indicating the progress of the churning operation; when the glass
becomes free from cream the Lutter will be found to have properly formed; a
thermometer is also fixed in the said opening whereby the temperature of the
churn is at once indicated and by placing it near a fire (if the weather be cold)
the churn can be raised to the required temperature; when the churn has been so
prepared the cream is placed therein.
The hereinbefore described indicating glass and thermometer are fitted in a
metal case which is adapted to be screwed into the said opening in the end or side
of the churn

page_text: A handle is fixed to one of the hereinbefore described gudgeons or spindles to
allow of the required rotary motion being given to the churn and a suitable escape
valve is fitted to the churn.
A churn of this construction can be easily rotated and owing to its shape does
not require any beaters or dashers; moreover the cream being unequally distributed
it will over-balance the churn and one side falling the other side will be raised
whereas in the ordinary barrel the cream always tends to lie at the bottom and in
the centre of the churn; the churn can also be more easily cleaned than those at
present in use.
Improvements in Churns.
I AMOS WILLIAMS of the firm of R. Williams & Sons of Hay in the county of
Brecon, Furnishing and Builders' Ironmongers do hereby declare the nature of this
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :--
Hitherto it has been the practice to construct rotary churns for making butter
of a cylindrical shape and in order to successfully make the butter therewith the
churns are provided with three interior beaters or dashers. Now the object of my
invention is to dispense with the necessity of using such beaters or dashers and to
communicate the necessary agitation to the cream by the peculiar shape of the
churn itself.
For this purpose I construct the body of the churn of wood (preferably British
oak) and of a hexagonal shape in cross section; it is provided with a bung or
lid of india rubber or other suitable material with means for fixing the same;
gudgeons or spindles are fixed to each end of the churn and revolve in anti-
friction bearings fixed on a stand or frame, a bolt is provided on the stand or
frame whereby the churn can be secured in position when required to fill and
empty or drain the same, and drop. handles are fixed to the stand to enable the
same to be easily moved from place to place; the churn is provided with a
draining hole as usual and over the said hole inside the churn I place a small
strainer in such a manner that the churn can be easily drained whilst at the same
time no butter is allowed to escape; by this means I obviate the inconvenience
experienced when using ordinary barrel churns in which the heavier pieces of
butter are liable to choke the draining hole and prevent the butter-milk from
passing quickly out of the churn; an opening covered with glass is formed in
one end of the churn for the purpose of indicating the progress of the churning

page_text: operation; when the glass becomes free from cream the butter will be found to
have properly formed; a thermometer is also fixed in the said opening whereby
the temperature of the churn is at once indicated and by placing it near a fire
(if the weather be cold) the churn can be raised to the required temperature;
when the churn has been so prepared the cream is placed therein.
The hereinbefore described indicating glass and thermometer are fitted in a
metal case which is adapted to be screwed or otherwise fitted into the said opening
in the end or side of the churn.
A handle is fixed to one of the herein before described gudgeons or spindles to
allow of the required rotary motion being given to the churn and a suitable escape
valve is fitted to the churn.
In order to enable my invention to be fully understood I will proceed to describe
the same by reference to the accompanying drawing in which figure 1 represents a
longitudinal elevation and figure 2 an end view of a churn constructed according
to my invention; figure 3 is an elevation and figure 4 a cross section of my
combined thermometer and covering for inspection opening, drawn to a larger
scale. Similar letters in all the figures represent similar parts.
a, represents the body of the churn made of wood and of a hexagonal shape in
cross section as clearly shewn in figure 2, by which shape I am enabled to dispense
with the use of beaters the necessary agitation being communicated to the cream
by reason of the said shape when the churn is rotated.
b, is the bung or lid of india rubber or other suitable material and c, is a pressure
screw working in a cross bar or bridge d, on one of the sides of the body a, for
securely fixing the bung or lid b; e and f, are the gudgeons or spindles fixed to
each end of the body a, of the churn and g, g, are the anti-friction bearings on .
which the gudgeons e, and f, revolve; the said bearings consist of rollers or
wheels g¹, g, supported in journals h, h, mounted on each end of the stand or
frame i, of the machine; j, is the bolt working through a bracket j³, on the top
of one end of the stand or frame i, the said bolt being passed into eyes or
sockets a³, on one end of the churn a, to secure the same in position when it is
required to fill and empty or drain it; 2, is a set screw for fixing the bolt j;
k, k, are the drop handles fixed to the stand i, as shewn so as to enable the same
to be easily moved from place to place; Z, is the draining hole having the usual
draining peg ; 1, is the small strainer consisting of a perforated pipe inserted in
the hole 7, inside the churn, as shewn in figure 1, whereby the butter is prevented
from blocking the draining hole 2, while the churn is being drained whilst at the
same time no butter is allowed to escape, as hereinbefore described.
The draining peg 1, is removed when it is required to run off the butter milk
and the strainer 12, is then inserted in the draining hole ; or the strainer can
permanently remain in the churn the draining peg fitting into the same and being
removed when required.
m, is the opening formed in one end of the churn a, in which is fixed the metal
case n, formed in two parts having flanges n¹, and n³, respectively and containing
the indicating glass n³, and thermometer n. The part of the case n, having the
flange n¹, is provided with a piece of glass n³, and is adapted to screw into the
part having the flange n³, thus serving to secure then both in place, as shewn in
figure 4; the said glass n³, serves to indicate the progress of the churning operation,
and the thermometer n³, to indicate the temperature of the churn, as herein before
described, o is the handle fixed to the gudgeon or spindle f, for the purpose of
giving the required rotary motion to the churn a; p, is the escape valve fixed to
the churn as shewn.
A churn of this construction can be easily rotated and owing to its shape does
not require any beaters or dashers; moreover the cream being unequally distributed
it will over-balance the churn and one side falling the other side will be raised
whereas in the ordinary barrel the cream always tends to lie at the bottom and in
the centre of the churn; the chura can also be more easily cleaned than those at
present in use.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:
1. A rotary churn having its body or barrel constructed of a hexagonal shape in
cross section so as to dispense with the use of dashers or beaters substantially as
herein before described and represented in the accompanying drawing.
2. In a rotary churn the employment of a strainer constructed in the manner
herein described and shewn in figure 1 placed in the usual draining hole for the
purpose and substantially as herein before described.
3. In a rotary churn the use of a combined indicating glass and thermometer
adapted to be applied to an opening in the body or barrel of the churn for the
purposes and substantially as hereinbefore described and represented in the
accompanying drawing.
4. The manufacture and use of the combined indicating glass and thermometer
herein described and represented in figures 3 and 4 of the accompanying drawing.
5. The improved rotary churn herein before described and represented in the
accompanying drawing.