Improvements in or relating to Pipes for Drainage, Sewerage, and other Purposes, and Apparatus for Making the same.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 10th Oct., 1895
Complet: Specification Left, 10th Aug., 1846--Accepted, 10th Nov., 1.95
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Pipes for Drainage, Sewerage, and
other Purposes, and Apparatus for Making the same.
I, FREDERICK HENRY BROOK, of 171 Queen Victoria Street in the City of
London, Brick and Tile Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
to be as follows :-
:-
My invention relates to improvements in or connected with pipes for drainage,
sewerage and other purposes and has for its object the production of machine
socketted pipes with sound sockets.
It has hitherto been the general practice to make earthenware or stoneware
drain pipes by means of machines which form the socket first, by holding that part
of the die which forms the inside surface of the socket, up against the annular
orifice of the pipe machine through which, when the socket-head is allowed to
descend, the barrel of the drain pipe follows on.
But the socket-mould being necessarily larger than the orifice between the die
and bell forming the tube, or in other words, in consequence of the fact that the
socket is a larger cylinder than the pipe, this method as at present generally
carried out is open to the objection that the clay cylinder issuing through the
in order to fill
upper die, which is of the size of the pipe, has to open out and split,
the socket mould, and upon closing up again, under pressure, it does not in many
instances, fully unite; cracked sockets being the result.
According to my invention, I arrest the flow of clay over the top part of the
socket-head, by means of a ring of metal or other suitable material, which partly
or wholly occupies the annular space in the socket-mould where the cylindrical
part of the socket is formed. This keeps back the clay out of the annular space,
the ring being held in place until the external shoulder of the socket is formed aud
well consolidated. The ring is then allowed to descend, against the support or
resistance of one or more levers weights or springs, or equivalent device, to cause
the clay to continue under pressure during the formation of the cylindrical part of
the socket. It being by the pressure of the clay that the ring described is forced
down against its counterweight or other means of resistance.
The ring may have its upper surface flat, that is, at right angles to its axis, or it
may be bevelled to any suitable angle and may extend into the portion of the socket-
mould where the external shoulder is formed.
The escape of air from the interior of the socket-mould is provided for, both at
the shoulder and at the end of the socket, by suitable holes or slits which can be
closed when desired; these also allow some of the clay to spue out whereby an
indication is given when the mould is filled.
Or I may effect my object of holding the clay confined, during the formation of
the cylindrical part of the socket, by substituting for the ring occupying the
annular space in the socket-mould, a cylinder of metal or other suitable material
having an internal diameter equal to the external diameter of the socket, and
provided with a flange at the bottom projecting inward and fitting around the
internal socket-head.
This flange supports the edge or end of the socket during its formation of the
clay, and, with the cylinder of which it is a part, descends as the socket is made,

page_text: sliding down outside the portions of the die or mould which fashion the shoulder
and inner face of the socket, against the pressure of a counterweight or equivalent
device.
This form of my device is also provided with spue holes for escape of air
and clay.
The internal socket-hend may have a loose shell which comes away in the socket
when the pipe is taken off, and this shell may be plain or it may have a thread or
worm upon its surface to give the socket the usual screwed or ribbed internal
surface.
The ring herein before described, or other equivalent device is further utilized,
when taking off the pipes, by the upward force given by its counterweight,
levers, or springs tending to thrust the pipe away from the mould and thereby
facilitating the clay socket leaving the metal core upon which it has been formed
and pressed.
In a modification of my invention 1 obviate the defect referred to by reversing
the usual process, and form the barrel of my pipe first, the socket being made as a
final operation.
To do this I employ any suitable die which may be simply a plate and bell as
commonly used, but without the socket-head or attachment for forming the socket
by expanding the pipe, and I dispense with the internal socket-head upon the rising
table or pressure plate.
But the die and bell are of the sizes requisite to form the socket instead of
being of the size of the pipe, and I use the following devices to contract or reluce
the cylinder of clay down to the size of the pipe and to form the shoulder of the
Bucket.
To the bed add a lining, projecting below it, of the diameter necessary to form
the bore of the pipe, and to the plate 1 attach or apply an external die in such a
way that it can be slid apart or turned aside in halves or other segments, or let
down or otherwise easily removed whole or in parts, to permit of the withdrawal of
the pipe when made.
This external die forms the exterior of the socket. The internal diameter of its
upper surface corresponds with the orifice in the die plate to which it fits and is
the same us the outside diameter of the socket. Its internal shape corresponds
with, and moulds, the external shoulder of the socket, while its lower orifice is of
the same diameter as the outside of the pipe.
In using this device attached to the pipe machine I cause the whole of the clay
to pass through the socket-lie, whence it issues, contracted to the size of the pipe
to suit length of pipe as may be required; the socket die is then opened or removed,
the socket being thus formed as a final step.
The pressure caused by forcing the clay through the contracted orifice of my
improved die will render a reduced pressure in the body or cylinder of the machine
sufficient to produce well consolidated pipes.
To accomplish this reduction, and at the same time to graduate the pressure
so that it may regularly increase as the clay descends to the die, I make the
central shatt, which carries the knives and screw for forcing down the clay, of
considerably greater diameter than usual and preferably of conical, conoidal,
or tapering form, particularly in machines for making the larger sizes of pipes.
And use bells less tapering than usual or approaching to cylindrical form.
Dated this Ninth day of October 1895.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in or relating to Pipes for Drainage, Sewerage, and
other Purposes, and Apparatus for Making the same
I, FREDERICK HENRY BROOK of 171 Queen Victoria Street in the City of
London, Brick and Tile Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:-
My invention relates to improvements in or connected with the manufacture of
socketted pipes for drainage, sewerage and other purposes and has for its object
the production of machine socketted pipes, with soun 1 sockets.
It has hitherto been the general practice to make earthenware or stoneware
drain pipes by means of machines which form the socket first, by holding that
part of the die which forms the inside surface of the socket, up against the annalar
orifice of the pipe machine through which, when the socket head is allowed to
descend, the barrel of the drain pipe follows on.
But the socket mould being necessarily larger than the orifice between the die
and bell forming the tube, or in other words, in consequence of the fact that the
socket is larger cylinder than the pipe, this method, as at present generally
carried out, is open to the objection that the clay cylinder issuing through the
upper die, which is of the size of the pipe, has to pen out and split, in order to fill
the socket mould, and upon closing up again, under pressure, it does not, in many
instances, fully unite, cracked sockets being the result.
My invention is intended to prevent the cracks being formed and to prevent the
splitting of the clay during the formation of the sockets.
In carrying out my invention I form the cylindrical portion of the socket by a
distinct and subsequent process after first and separately forming the shoulder of
the in an annular chamber or mould having space only equal to the shoulder
itself.
I then further proceed, after the shoulder is formed and well consolidated, to
allow the clay to force down a ring which previously has filled the annular space
which constitutes the mould for the cylindrical part of the socket, but only so fast
or so far as the clay advances to fill it, thus maintaining a continuing pressure,
excluding air, & keeping the clay solid; the metal ring, or other material, or
device, by which the annular space was previously filled, only retreating under
pressure of the clay as it comes down.
In order that my invention may be clearly understood I will now proceed
to describe one method of carrying out my invention, reference being made to
the accompanying drawings, in which similar parts are similarly lettered
throughout.
Fig. is a view partly in elevation and partly in section, shewing one form of
die al socket-head, fitted with pressure ring.
Fig. 2 shows another form of pressine ring by means of which my invention may
be carried out.
Fig. 3 represents a modification of my invention for making pipes with the
sockets formed last.
Fig. 4 represents another form of apparatus for the same purpose.
Fig. 5. is a section of a screw blade adapted for carrying out my invention.
According to the hereinafter described method of carrying out my invention
teed the clay in the usual manner between the bell and die plate, so as to fill
that part E of the mould which forms the socket; but I arrest the flow of clay
over the top part of the socket-head A, by means of a pressure ring B, of metal or
other suitable material, which partly or wholly occupies the annular space in the
This keeps
socket mould where the cylindrical part of the socket is to be formed.

page_text: back the clay out of the annular space, the pressure ring being held in place
(until the shoulder E, of the socket is formed and well consolidated) by any
suitable means, such as, for instance, the support or resistance of one or more
levers and weights C. C. D, as shewn in Fig. 1, or springs, or some equivalent
device, and the pressure may also be controlled or regulated by hand.
The pressure ring B, may have its upper surface flat, that is, at right angles to
its axis, or hollow, or it may be curved or bevelled to any suitable angle, either
way, and may rise into the portion of the socket-mould, where the shoulder E, in
formed, to any desired extent.
The escape of air from the interior of the socket shoulder mould E, is provided
for at the shoulder E by means of space F. across which the cutting wire is after-
wards passed, or by suitable holes or slits, these also allow some of the clay to
spur out, whereby an indication is given when the mould is filled, and can be
closed when desired by the sliding ring G, which should fit tightly.
The pressure ring 'B, is then allowed to be forced down by the feed of clay
against the pressure of levers and counterweights C. C. D. causing the clay to
continue confined and under pressure, during the formation of the cylindrical socket
which thereupon occupies the space previously filled by the ring B.
In place of the levers and weights C. C. D'I may employ any convenient springs,
lovers, weights or other device or counterbalance to effect the same purpose.
Or may effect my object of holding the clay confined during the formation of
the cylindrical part of the socket by substituting for the ring B, occupying the
Bular space around the socket-mould A, a cylinder H. Fig. 2 of metal or other
suitable material having an internal diameter equal to the external diameter of the
socket, and provided with a flange at the bottom projecting inward and fitting
around the internal socket head.
This Hange supports the edge or end of the socket during its formation of the
clay, and with the eylinder of which it is a part, descends as the socket is made,
sliding down outside the portion of the die which fashions the shoulder of the
socket.
This form of my device is also provided with spue hides F. for escape of air
and clay.
The internal socket-head may have a loose shell which comes away in the socket
when the pipe is taken off and this shell may be plain or may have a thread
or worm upon its surface to give the socket the usual screwed or ribbed internal
surface.
The ring B, hereinsbefore described is further utilized when taking off the pipes
by the upward free given by its counterweight, levers or springs, tending to thrust
the pipe away from the mould and thereby facilitating the clay socket leaving the
Rocket-head on which it has been formed and pressed.
In a modification of my invention shown in Figs. 3 & 4. 1 obviate the defect
referred to by reversing the usual process and form the barrell of my pipe first, the
socket being made as a final operation.
To do this employ any suitable die which may be simply a plate M & bell N
as commonly used, but without the socket-head or attachment for forming the
Fucket by expanding the pipe, and I dispense with the internal socket-head upon
the rising table or pressure plate.
But the die and bell are of the sizes requisite to form the socket instead of being
of the size of the pipe and I use the following devices to counteract or reduce
the cylinder of clay down to the size of the pipe, and to form the shoulder of
the socket.
To the ell N, I add a lining O, projecting below it, of the diameter necessary
to form the bore of the pipe; and to the plate I attach or apply an external
die PP Fig. 3 P P Fig. 4, in such a way that it can be slid apart or turned
aside in halves or other segments or let down or opened out as shewn in
Fig. 4. P P or otherwise easily removed, whole or in parts, to permit of the
withdrawal of the pipe when made.

page_text: menus of extrusion machines, the use of dies provided with annular chambers above
the shoulder of the socket mould substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore
described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
7. In the manufacture of pipes for drainage, sewerage and other purposes by
means of extrusion machines, the use of dies and moulds provided with a canopy
and heating apparatus substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore described
and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
8. The apparatus for making pipes for drainage, sewerage and other purposes
substantially as and for the purpose hereiubefore described and illustrated in the
accompanying drawings.
Dated the 10th.. at
1000
F. H. BROOK.