AN IMPROVED CARRIAGE WHEEL
Year: 1827

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, DAVID
BENTLEY, of Eccles, in the County of Lancaster, Bleacher, send greeting.
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Fourth, by His
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the Eighth day of May,
in the eighth year of His reign, give and grant unto me, the said David
Bentley, my exors, admors, and assigns, His special licence, full power, sole
privilege and authority, that I, the said David Bentley, my exors, adiñors, and
assigns, should and lawfully might, during the term of fourteen years therein
mentioned, make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and Town
of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my invention of "AN IMPROVED CARRIAGE WHEEL;"
in which said Letters Patent is contained a proviso that if I, the said David
Bentley, should not particularly describe and ascertain the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by an instrument
in writing under my hand and seal, and cause the same to be inrolled in His
Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months then next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent, then that the said
Letters Patent and all liberties and advantages thereby granted should utterly
cease, determine, and become void, as in and by the same, relation being
thereunto had, more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
David Bentley, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and
the manner in which my "improved carriage wheel" is to be constructed, is

page_text: described and clearly shewn by the Drawings hereto annexed, and the following
description, that is to say :-
Fig. 1 in the annexed Drawing represents a side elevation of my improved
carriage wheel, from which the nave plate, as herein-after described, is removed,
for the purpose of shewing the interior construction of the nave, represented at
A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, and the manner in which the spokes or radia
a, a, a, a, a, a, a, a, a, are placed thereon. B is a metallic bush through
which a straight axletree passes in the ordinary manner, but on which the
feet of the spokes or radia of the wheel rest at the respective compartments or
divisions marked b, b, b, b, b, b, b, b, b. In the construction of this part of my
"improved carriage wheel" the radia or spokes are not driven into the nave
A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, in the ordinary manner, but having been first
introduced into the apertures represented at c, c, c, c, c, c, c, c, c, in the
periphery of the wheel, they are forced into apertures in the nave A, A, A, A,
A, A, A, A, A, thereby bringing the end of each stroke firmly in contact upon
that part of the bush represented at b, b, b, b, b, b, b, b, b. The rim or tire of
my "improved carriage wheel" as represented at D, D, consists of a hoop or
rim welded or otherwise fastened together with a convex surface, as more
clearly seen in Fig. 2; and in the construction of this wheel the felloe (or
portion of the wheel into which the spokes are received at their extremity from
the centre) is formed of one or more pieces of wood firmly held in the requisite
position within the fire by means of the wedge pieces, and bolts, as represented
at E, E. Fig. 2 represents a transverse section of my improved carriage
wheel, in which the nave plates marked F, F, and the bolts G, G, G, G,
represent the manner in which the spokes a, a, a, a, are firmly held in the
position already described in Fig. 1. In this section of my "improved, car-
riage wheel" it will be seen that I place the spokes alternately at the opposite
extremities of the nave A, A, by which arrangement the tightening of the bolts,
G, G, G, G, tends to increase the distance of the point C from the bush B, on
which the feet of the respective spokes rest, as shewn in Fig. 1 and 2, thereby
rendering the wheel firm and compact. Fig. 3 represents a side view of the
metallic bush B, with the segments or divisions b, b, b, b, b. b, b, b, b, b, on
which the spoke feet respectively rest, and I, I, I, are ribs or edge pieces for
the purpose of keeping the bush more firmly in its place in the wooden nave
A, A, Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is an end view of the same bush B, in which the
segments or divisions for receiving the feet of spokes are shewn at b, b, b, b, b,
b, b, b, b, and the dotted lines represent similar divisions at the opposite, end
of the bush upon which the feet of the spokes are alternately placed, as shewn
in Figs. 1 and 2. Fig. 5 represents the nave plate for the inner part of the

page_text: wheel or the side nearest the carriage G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G,
G, G, G, G, G, G, being the bolts which pass through the nave A, A, as
represented in Fig. 2, and by means of which the spokes a, a, a, a, a, a, a, a, a,
in Fig. 1, and the bush B, are held firmly in their proper position in the nave
A, A. L, L, is a metallic circle fixed with cotters on the surface of this nave
plate, for the purpose of holding the nuts in their proper position when screwed
home on the bolts G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G,
as shewn at Fig. 2. Fig. 6 represents the front plate, which is bolted to
the nave A, A, as already described, on the opposite side of the wheel to Fig. 5.
G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, G, are the heads of the
bolts already spoken of in Figs. 2 and 5, which, when screwed up by means of
the nuts on the opposite. plate, hold the bush B and the alternate spokes
a, a, a, a, a, a, a, a, a, firm in their places in the nave, as represented at
A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, A, Figs. 1 and 2. The scale to which the several
elevations are drawn on the annexed Sheet is written above each Figure, and I
have used the same characters or letters of reference to denote the same parts
in all the different Figures.
Having described the various parts of my "improved carriage wheel," and
the manner of connecting the same, I declare that I do not claim any separate
part or portion of such carriage wheel, as represented in the annexed Draw-
ings; but I do claim such combination of parts as herein-before described, by
which I am enabled to construct a carriage wheel, the spokes or radia of
which constitute or represent the form of a double cone, which by being
united at the centre, as described, will be much stronger and admit of a
change or repair of any of its parts without injuring the other parts of the
wheel. And, lastly, I declare that the dimensions, relative magnitude, form,
and number of the separate parts, as well as the materials to be used in the
construction of my "improved carriage wheel," admit of various modifications,
all capable of producing the same effect, and which must depend on the
maker's taste or carriage to which such wheels are to be applied; all which
variations and modifications may be attained with facility by any person of
competent skill, and fit to be intrusted with the construction of carriage
wheels.
In witness whereof, I, the said David Bentley, have hereunto set my
hand and seal this Third day of Navambar One thousand night bunkad
DAVID (L.S.) BENTLEY.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Third day of November, in the
year of our Lord 1827, the aforesaid David Bentley came before our said
Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification afore-
said, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above
written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the
tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.