IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPERTAINING TO PLOUGHS
Year: 1884

page_text: We, JOHN COULSON, Engineer, and WILLIAM ATHERTON TODD, Gentleman, both
of Stamford in the county of Lincoln do hereby declare the nature of our Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPERTAINING TO PLOUGHS" to be as follows:―
The object of our invention is to effect improvements in the construction of
ploughs for more effectually and speedily tilling and cultivating land.
I fit to the hinder part of the mould board of the plough, a short horizontal stud
or shaft,, securely fastened thereto.
Upon this shaft I fit a box, capable of revolving upon such shaft, and a number
of prongs or arms are arranged radially round the box and attached thereto. These
arms are carried round by their contact with the ground, which they successively
penetrate as the plough is drawn forward; and their position is such. that they
operate upon and pulverize the ridge of broken ground which has been thrown up
and stands on the left hand side of the furrow which is then being made by the
plough.
By the use of my invention the process of levelling the ground, and preparing
the same for seed; is greatly facilitated; and the ground, having been so treated, is
better suited for the future operations, than would be the case after ploughing' in
the ordinary manner.

page_text: ?
COMI LEIE
DILUITIVATION
We, JOHN COULSON, Engineer, and WILLIAM ATHERTON TODD, Gentleman, both
of Stamford, in the County of Lincoln, do hereby declare the nature of our said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN AND APPERTAINING TO PLOUGHS," and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :
The object of our invention is to effect improvements in the construction of
ploughs, for more effectually and speedily tilling and cultivating land.
Our invention consists of the following arrangements and novel appliances :-
1st An extra cutter or coulter on the right hand side of the beam, and con-
siderably in advance of the ordinary coulter fitted to the left hand side, in the usual
position.
2ndly A short breast, 'about one fourth of the length of the ordinary breast, and
made higher than usual.
3rdly An improved rotary dished wheel or plate, immediately behind the breast,
of which it forms (practically) a continuation; such dished wheel, having spikes
attached to its circumference.
And in order that our said invention may be particularly described and ascer-
tained reference is hereby made to the accompanying, drawings, in which similar
letters of reference indicate corresponding parts.
Fig. 1 is an elevation of our improved plough, and Fig. 2 is a plan view of the
same is the beam of the plough, b is the additional cutter or coulter; this
coulter is fixed in position by the hand lever and nut c, and the coulter can be
'raised to the position shown by dotted lines in Fig. 1, or it may be entirely removed,
when not required. d is the ordinary coulter, in the usual position.
The extra coulter b cuts the furrow in two, in advance of the share.
e is the breast, of the plough, fixed as shown in Figs 1 and 2. An enlarged' view
of this breast is shewn in Fig. 3; and in order to shew the nature of the curves
of the breast the dotted lines numbered 1 to 7 are drawn, and 'reproduced in Fig. 4,
which is a front view of Fig. 3, whereby the curvature of the breast will be clearly
scen.
Immediately behind the breast the dished wheel is fitted. This wheel is so
fitted as to be, practically, a continuation of the curvature of the breast. This
wheel is fitted with curved spikes, prongs or arms, which are carried round by
their contact with the ridge of earth already thrown up by the breast, and which
they successively penetrate, as the plough is drawn forward; and their position is
such that they operate upon and pulverize the ridge of broken ground, at the side
of the furrow.
The revolving breast wheel is sustained by and revolves upon a box g fitted to a
stud or axle attached to the bracket . The wheel being placed at an angle of
from 45 to 55 degrees.
A scraper k is fitted to the axle of the wheel f, in a fixed position; this scraper
scrapes the soil from the dished face off and prevents the same from becoming
clogged with soil; the soil falling off as the scraper operates upon the disc.

page_text: The improved fixed breast and the rotating breast wheel f, are so fitted that
they may be quickly removed from their positions, and an ordinary breast may bo
readily substituted; thus converting the plough to an ordinary form of plough,
when required.
It will thus be seen that by the use of our improved plough, three different
samples of land may be cultivated, and that it is adaptable to and may be used for
all kinds of soil.
..
Our invention is applicable also to double and treble ploughs.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is
1 In the construction, manufacture and fitting of rotary breast ploughs as
herein beforo described, the adaptation and use in combination therewith of an
additional coulter, substantially as and for the purpose herein before described and
shewn at b and c in Figs 1 and 2 of the drawings.
2 In the construction, manufacture and fitting of ploughs, the combination of
the short fixed breast e and revolving spiked breast or wheel fsubstantially as and
for the purpose herein before described and shewn on the drawings.
3 In combination with our said improved ploughs, the use of the scraper k,
substantially as and for the purpose herein before described and shewn in Fig. 1 of
the drawings.
4 The general construction, combination, and arrangement of the several and
respective parts, together forming our improvements in and appertaining to, ploughs,
substantially as herein before described and shewn on the drawings.
GEO. DOWNING,
Agent for Applicants.