IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING WEIGHTS AND OTHER APPLIANCES
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Jonathan Pickering, of Stockton-on-Tees, in the
County of Durham, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS
FOR RAISING WEIGHTS AND OTHER APPLIANCES."
Sealed the 24th September 1867, and dated the 3rd April 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Jonathan Pickering at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd April 1867.
I, JONATHAN PICKERING, of Stockton-on-Tees, in the County of Durham,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR RAISING WEIGHTS AND OTHER APPLIANCES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in arranging and constructing an improved apparatus
for reducing the speed of motion less than the speed by which it is actuated,
and is applicable to all machines where power is required. I make it in the
following manner :-I use a common chain pulley with sunken chambers in
the periphery to receive the links of an endless chain; on one side of this chain

page_text: pulley I fix a crank pin or eccentric, and upon this crank pin or eccentric I
fit a toothed wheel, which is made to revolve loosely upon the said crank pin
or eccentric, and is made to revolve with the chain pulley also, thus describing
the sun-and-planet motion. This planet toothed wheel is surrounded with two
other internal toothed wheels, which are each half the breadth of the former
wheel, and are the size of the orbit of the inner planet wheel; these two orbit
wheels I make with one or more teeth different in number, but each fitted so
as to allow the inner planet wheel to work therein. I secure one of these
orbit wheels to the framework of the apparatus, the other runs loose upon the
axle; this axle is made to pass through the frame. When I use this improved
purchase to a pulley block I also attach a second chain pulley on the axle,
and fix it to the loose orbit wheel; a chain is placed over this second chain
pulley, which will be used to raise weights. The power is obtained by the
motion communicated to the first-named chain pulley running on the axle,
carrying round with it the toothed planet wheel, which gears into the afore-
said orbit wheels; the difference in the number of teeth in the orbit wheels
gives a corresponding reduced speed to the second chain pulley. For a hoist
I use a drum of any required length in lieu of the second chain pulley; this
drum will wind on the chain or rope in hoisting, thus I make a combination
of hoisting block and winch. I apply this latter modification to a wringing
machine, but instead of the aforesaid drum I use the roller of the machine,
and instead of the first chain pulley I fix to the planet wheel's eccentric or crank
axle an ordinary crank handle. I apply the apparatus to a screw lifting jack
in a similar way, only that in the place of the second chain pulley I fix a bevil
pinion wheel, which works into another bevil toothed wheel, this wheel being
attached to the screw nut forces it round, and so lifts the screw. For the appli-
cation of this apparatus to a crane, lathe, or other machinery I make the two
orbit wheels if required with teeth outside the periphery instead of the internal
toothed wheels as heretofore named. I secure one orbit wheel to the frame
and the other to the axle intended to be driven; the planet wheel is made to
work into the orbit wheels externally, being kept at proper position with an
arm working on the centre axle through which the crank pin is fixed. I vary
the sizes of each of the orbit wheels if needful to do so, with the planet wheel
to fit, or multiply the number to obtain more speeds. This is simply a modi-
fication of the internal arrangement.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Jonathan Pickering in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 26th September 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JONATHAN
PICKERING, of Stockton-on-Tees, in the County of Durham, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Third day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirtieth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Jonathan Pickering, Her special licence that I, the said Jonathan Pickering,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Jonathan Pickering, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR RAISING WEIGHTS AND OTHER APPLIANCES," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Jonathan Pickering, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Jonathan Pickering, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
My Invention consists in arranging and constructing an improved apparatus
for reducing the speed of motion less than the speed by which it is actuated,
and is applicable to all machines where power is required. I make it in the
following manner :-I use a common chain pulley with sunken chamber in
the periphery to receive the links of an endless chain; on one side of this
chain pulley I fix a crank pin or excentric, and upon this crank pin or
excentric I fit a toothed wheel, which is made to revolve loosely upon the
said crank pin or excentric, and is made to revolve with the chain pulley also,
thus describing the sun-and-planet motion. This planet toothed wheel is

page_text: surrounded with two internal toothed wheels, which are each half the breadth
of the former wheel, and are the size of the orbit of the inner planet wheel;
these two orbit wheels I make with one or more teeth, different in number,
I
but each fitted so as to allow the inner planet wheel to work therein.
secure one of these orbit wheels to the framework of the apparatus, the other
runs loose upon the axle; this axle is made to pass through the frame. When
I use this improved purchase to a pulley block I also attach a second chain
pulley on the axle, and fix it to the loose orbit wheel; a chain is placed over
this second chain pulley, which will be used to raise weights. The is
power
obtained by the motion communicated to the first-named chain pulley running
on the axle, carrying round with it the toothed planet wheel, which gears
into the aforesaid orbit wheels; the difference in the number of teeth in the
orbit wheels gives a corresponding reduced speed to the second chain pulley.
For a hoist I use a drum of any required length in lieu of the second chain
pulley; this drum will wind on the chain or rope in hoisting, thus I make a
combination of hoisting block and winch. I apply this latter modification to
a wringing machine, but instead of the aforesaid drum I use the roller of the
machine, and instead of the first chain pulley I fix to the planet wheels,
excentric, or crank axle an ordinary crank handle. I apply the apparatus
to a screw lifting jack in a similar way, only that in the place of the second
chain pulley I fix a bevil pinion wheel, which works into another bevil
toothed wheel, this wheel being attached to the screw nut forces it round and
so lifts the screw. For the application of this apparatus to a crane, lathe,
or other machinery I make the two orbit wheels if required with teeth
outside the periphery instead of the internal toothed wheels heretofore named.
I secure one orbit wheel to the frame and the other to the axle intended to
be driven; the planet wheel is made to work into the orbit wheels externally,
being kept at proper position with an arm working on the centre axle,
through which the crank pin is fixed. I vary the sizes of each of the orbit
wheels if needful to do so, with the planet wheel to fit, or multiply the number
to obtain more speeds. This is simply a modification of the internal arrange-
nent.
Having explained the nature of my Invention, I will proceed to describe,
with reference to the accompanying Drawings, the manner in which the
same is to be performed.
Fig. 1 represents a vertical section of pulley block on line a, b, Fig. 2;
Fig. 2 is a transverse section of same. The same letters indicate the same
parts in the whole of the Figures. is a chain pulley made with sunken

page_text: chambers in the periphery to receive the links of an endless chain c¹, upon
which chain pulley is cast an excentric e, which carries a planet toothed wheel
or pinion d; this wheel or pinion is allowed to revolve loosely on the excentric
e, and gears into the two orbit or internal toothed wheel f and g, each of
which are half the breadth of the pinion d. The orbit wheel f is fixed to:
the framework h by the bolts y, y, so that it has no motion whatever; but
the orbit wheel g, which has one or more teeth different in number than the
orbit wheel f, is loose, so that it. revolves on the bolt or axle i, which passes
through the frames h and h², and carries the afore-mentioned chain pulley c and
excentric e; upon the orbit or internal toothed wheel g is attached a chain
pulley k with sunken chambers in the periphery to receive the links of the lifting
chain l, which chain is furnished with a hook at each end, so that there is no
lowering required for fresh lifts. The suspending hook mis attached to the
block by a bolt n passing through it, which also passes through the frames h
and h, and a projection cast on the stationary orbit wheel f, thereby securing
all firmly together.
Fig. 3 is a longitudinal elevatiop, partly in section, representing a hoist
constructed according to my Invention, c being the chain pulley through which
the power is transmitted from the endless chain c¹ to the excentric e, on which
excentric revolves the planet toothed wheel or pinion d; this pinion gears into
the two orbit wheels f and g, each of which are half the breadth of the
pinion d; the stationary orbit wheelf is secured to the frame by bolts y, y;
the rotatory orbit wheel g (which has one or more teeth different in number
than the orbit wheel f) is fixed on the drum k, round which the lifting chain
or rope is wound; the drum k is carried in frames h and h¹. This latter.
modification may be applied to an ordinary crab winch (as shown by dotted
lines). Instead of the chain pulley c I make a hollow cylinder to fit the drum
shaft i, and sufficiently long that it passes through the boss of the frame h, and
projects outside to fix on an ordinary crank handle; on the other end of this
cylinder is attached the excentric e.
Fig. 4 is a longitudinal elevation, partly in section, and Fig. 5 an end view
of my Invention applied to a mangling or wringing machine. c is an ordinary
crank handle fit on to the spindle c', which passes through the boss of the
stationary orbit wheel f; on the other end of this spindle is a crank pin e,
which carries the planet wheel or pinion d; this pinion gears into the orbit
wheels fand g; the orbit wheelf is secured to the frame by bolts y, y, and is
a support to the spindle c¹; the rotatory orbit wheel 9 has a toothed wheel k
cast on one side, which is keyed on the spindle of the roller i; this wheel

page_text: gears into a similar toothed wheel secured on the spindle of the other
roller i².
Fig. 6 represents a vertical section, and Fig. 7 a half front elevation and
half section of a screw-lifting jack showing the mode of applying my Inven-
tion. c is an ordinary jack handle which is fit on the spindle end c¹; upon
this spindle is the excentric e carrying the planet wheel or pinion d, which
gears into the two orbit wheels fand g; the stationary orbit wheel f is fixed
to the jack by bolts y, y. On the back of the rotatory orbit wheel g is cast a
bevil wheel k; this wheel gears into another bevil wheel I, which also forms
the nut through which the screw m works; the bevil wheel or nut is
supported by an iron box n, a chamber being cut out of the jack, as shown,
to receive this box; across the front of the box n is secured a bar P with a
hole in it to receive the end of the spindle c; this spindle is supported at the
other end by a boss cast on the stationary orbit wheel f.
Fig. 8 is a longitudinal elevation, partly in section, and Fig. 9 vertical
section on line a, b, Fig. 8, representing a lathe head with my Invention
applied. On the hollow cylinder or shaft c is secured the cone or belt pulleys c¹
and the crank 1; in the end of this crank I fix a bolt or piu e', which carries
the planet toothed wheel or pinion d (which is allowed to rotate on the
pin 6); this pinion gears into the wheels ƒ and g externally; the stationary
wheelf is secured to the lathe head by the bolts y, y, and the rotatory wheel;
g
is secured to the lathe spindle i, which passes through and supports the hollow
cylinder c. The lathe spindle i and hollow or cone spindle c may be made to
rotate at the same speed in the following manner :-The crank is driven by
a sliding key sunk into the cylinder c, and secured in its place by a set
screw k; slack the set screw and slide the crank back (on the key) towards
the cone until the wheel or pinion d gears only into the wheel g, which is
secured on the lathe spindle; then connect the crank l, hollow cylinder c, and
lathe spindle i by the set screws m, m, as shown at Fig. 9.
Fig. 10 is an enlarged view of rotating orbit wheel 9; Fig. 11 is stationary
orbit wheel f; Fig. 12 is planet wheel or pinion d; and Fig. 13 is chain
pulley c with excentric e attached.
It should be understood that I am aware that machines for raising weights
have been used before, and a Patent was obtained by Joseph Jewsbury on or
about November 20th, 1862, No. 3115, and there was another Patent obtained
by William Eades and William Thomas Eades on or about June 22nd, 1866,
No. 1672, but in both these Patents an external toothed wheel was used
geared into an internal one; the external toothed wheel is kept in guides, so

page_text: that "it has no circular motion, but is free to work laterally;" neither of
these apparatuses have a fixed wheel similar to the wheelf to act as a fulcrum,
giving leverage for the pinion d, as described in my Specification.
Having now described the nature of my Invention, and the manner in
which the same is to be performed, I would have it to be understood that I
claim no one part separately; but what I claim is here all in combined and
illustrated in the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Jonathan Pickering, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-third day of September, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven.
JONATHAN PICKERING. (LB.)