CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES AND CARRIAGES
Year: 1847

page_text: PEARSON'S SPECIFICATION.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES"
PEARSON, late of Montague Terrace, New Cross, Surrey, but now of New
North Terrace, Saint David's, Exeter, send greeting.
1
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent under the Great Seal of that part of the United Kingdom called
England, bearing date at Westminster, the Seventh day of October, "One
thousand eight hundred and forty-seven, and in the eleventh year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
James Pearson, Her especial licence, that I, the said James Pearson, my exors,
adñiors, and assigns, or such others as I, the said James Pearson, my exors,
adiiors, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time
to time and at all times during the term of years therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England and Wales, and
the Town of Berwick upon Tweed, my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS
IN LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES AND CARRIAGES;" in which said Letters Patent there is
contained a proviso obliging me, the said James Pearson, by an instrument in
writing under my hand and seal, particularly to describe and ascertain the nature
of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, and to
cause the same to be enrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery

page_text: within six months next and immediately after the date of the said recited
Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more
fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
James Pearson, do hereby declare that the nature of my Invention, and the
manner in which the same is to be performed, are described and ascertained
by the Drawings hereunto annexed, and the words following, that is to say :-
One part of my improvement in locomotive engines consists in the form of
the boiler, which is made with the fire box in the middle part of the boiler,
instead of being in the usual place at one end. The general outline of my
improved boiler is such as would be formed if two locomotive boilers of the
ordinary construction were placed end to end, with their two fire boxes about
four or five feet apart, and then the parts of the fire boxes below the fire door
were joined together by an additional piece of fire box, so as to connect the two
ends together into one large fire box in the middle of the boiler, with a chimney
at each end; see Drawing, Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4; or the boilers may be
made entirely separate and distinct, that is to say, having two entirely separate
and distinct fire boxes butting against one another, and having water and
steam communications common to both, but which may be shut off' from either
boiler at pleasure. The axle of the driving wheels is placed in the middle of
the boiler above part of the fire box and below the foot plate, so that any.
desired amount of weight of the engine may be brought upon the driving
wheels, and at the same time the centre of gravity may be kept very low. The
axles of the trailing wheels are placed below the cylindrical part of the boiler,
and two pairs of these are placed in one swivel frame at one end, and two pair
in a similar frame at the other end. These two frames are coupled together
by two tension rods R ; near the ends of these rods R, I place springs S, made
of vulcanised india-rubber, or some other elastic substance; and beyond these
springs are nuts to confine them. The use of these springs is to allow each.
swivel frame to adjust itself to any curve or inequality of the road, and to
bring it back to the straight position when the road is even.. The swivel centre
pin P is fitted into a socket Q, which is allowed to slide a little endways in.
guides G, to allow for expansion and irregularities, and the holes in the.
links L are made oblong for the same reason, and that the links may pull.
instead of pushing. The boiler and engines are supported on a long upper
frame F, which is attached to the lower swivel frames by the two centre
pins P, P, and by the links L at the end of the engine, the whole forming
ne compound swivel frame, as shewn in the Drawings. Another part of my.
..

page_text: improvements is shewn in Figures 5 and 6, and relates to coupled locomotive
engines. For a coupled engine, I arrange the wheels and cylinders as those
shewn in Figure 5, or as in Figure 6, in both cases using the compound
swivel frame above described, and as shewn in Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4. In
Figure 5, where the driving wheels only are coupled, their axle bearings and
the cylinders are attached to the upper frame. Their axles are at each end of
he fire box under the cylindrical part of the boiler. The leading and trailing
wheels are placed towards the two ends of the boiler. Figure 6 shews an
engine with eight coupled wheels; two pairs of the wheels, axles, and cylinders
being attached to one lower swivel frame, and two pairs of wheels, axles, and
cylinders, being attached to the other lower swivel frame; the wheels on one
frame not being coupled to those on the other frame. The slide valves
may be worked by cranks fixed outside the main crank pin, or by excentrics
inside the main crank or the driving wheel. The coke box is placed on the
top of the boiler. The water tank may be on a separate tender, or may be
placed between the coke box and the boiler, or attached in any other conve-
nient way. The two steam heads may be connected at such a height as is
convenient to leave head room for the engine man. There should be a break
applied to each of the two pairs of wheels in the swivel frame as shewn in the
Drawing, Fig. 2, or any other sort of break may be used. The blast pipes may
be made as usual in locomotive engines, and one end of the engine is shewn in
the Drawing, Fig. 1, to be provided with one. Another part of my improve-
ments consists in the application of an exhausting fan in the smoke box to
draw the heated air through the tubes of the boiler, and to discharge it either
up the chimney, as shewn in Figure 1, or, if preferred, it may be again returned
This fan enables
as hot blast into the furnace, as shewn in Figures 5 and 6.
me to use waste steam pipes of a large size direct from the cylinder into the
open air, and so avoid the great pressure on the back of the piston when the
ordinary blast pipes are used. The fan or fans may be driven by bands from
pullies on any of the wheels or axles, or by a small engine fixed on the side of
the boiler, which may also, if required, work the feed pumps. The fans, if
driven by pullies, must each have two pairs of pullies and suitable clutches, one
pair driven by an open strap, and the other pair by a crossed strap, so as to
drive the fans always in the same direction whichever way the engine may be
going. The clutch gear may be attached to the engine reversing gear, if required.
Having now described my improvements, so far as they relate to engines. I
wish it to be understood that I do not claim the Invention of swivel or
bogie frames generally; but I claim as my Invention, the compound swivel

page_text: frame, with coupling rod, provided with elastic springs or cushions, and the
various attachments to the upper frame, as herein-before described. "I claim
also the form of boiler above described. I claim also the use of exhausting
fans for obtaining strong draught, as above described. I claim also the general
arrangement of engine above described, and shewn in Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4.
And also I claim the general arrangement of coupled engines, as described
above, and in Figures 5 and 6 of the Drawings. Another part of my improve-
ments is a new mode of constructing locomotive carriages, and is as follows,
see Drawing N° 3:-The two lower frames are of that sort called swivel or
bogie frames, and they are joined together by a link rod or bolt R in the
centre, with an elastic spring or cushion S of vulcanized india-rubber or some
other elastic substance between the nuts and the frames; or they may be joined
together by two such rods r, r, at the sides. The swivel centre pins P are
fixed firmly on to the lower frames; the upper frame is made of such a length
as to reach over both lower frames, and is fitted with two sockets Q. which can
move endways in their guides G for a short distance. The links L at the ends
of the upper frame also connect it to the lower swivel frames. The holes in
these links are made oblong. The two lower frames and the upper frame
when fitted together from one compound swivel frame, which has great
advantage in going round curves, and at the same time from the great length
of the whole will be very steady. The springs S, the guides G, and the
links L are all adapted for allowing for irregularities in the road, and the
springs S will always bring the two lower swivel frames fair with one another
and with the road, when the irregularity is passed. I do not claim the Inven-
tion of swivel frames alone as applied to carriages; but I claim as my Inven-
tion the compound swivel frame connected by rods with elastic cushions, and
provided with the guides and end links, as above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Pearson, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Fourth day of April, One thousand eight hundred and
forty-eight.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Fourth day of April, in the
year of our Lord 1848, the aforesaid James Pearson came before our said
Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification afore-
said, and all and everything therein contained and specified, in form above
written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the
tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Seventh day of April, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and forty-eight.