AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER MORE PARTICULARLY FOR THE PURPOSES OF WRITING AND COPYING WRITINGS, AND MACHINERY POR EPPECTING THE SAME; ALSO THE MANUFACTURE OF A FLUID OR FLUIDS TO BE USED WITH THE IMPROVED PAPER IN THE MANNER OF Inx
Year: 1844

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, Sir GEORGE
STEUART MACKENZIE, of Coul, in the County of Ross, Baronet, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date
at Westminster, the Twenty-sixth day of September (One thousand eight
hundred and forty-four), in the eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself,
Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said Sir George
Steuart Mackenzie, my exors, adñiors, and assigns, IIer especial licence, full
power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the said Sir George Steuart Mac-
kenzie, my exors, adiñiors, and assigns, and such others as I, the said Sir
George Steuart Mackenzie, my exors, adiiors, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within that part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland called England, Her Dominion of Wales, and the Town of Berwick-
upon-Tweed, in the Islands of Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney, Sark, and Man,
and also in all Her said Majesty's Colonies and Plantations abroad, my
Invention of "AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER
MORE PARTICULARLY FOR THE PURPOSES OF WRITING AND COPYING WRITINGS, AND
MACHINERY POR EPPECTING THE SAME; ALSO THE MANUFACTURE OF A FLUID OR
FLUIDS TO BE USED WITH THE IMPROVED PAPER IN THE MANNER OF Inx;" in which
said Letters Patent is contained a proviso obliging me, the said Sir George
Steuart Mackenzie, to particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, by an
instrument in writing under my hand and seal, and to cause the same to be
inrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar months

page_text: next and immediately after the date of the said in part. recited Letters
Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully
and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
Sir George Steuart Mackenzie, do hereby declare the nature of my said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be fully described
and set forth in and by the following statement and Specification thereof (that
is to say)-
The objects and nature of my Invention are, first, to get rid of the incon-
veniences of common black and blue inks, and to substitute a transparent and,
as much as practicable, a colorless and innocuous fluid for writing with on all
ordinary occasions, and to produce black or blue characters, according to the
paper made use of. Second, to produce a black ink which, when written with
on paper or other material prepared for the purpose, should flow easily from the
pen, be indelible and permanent, and therefore suitable for records, legal deeds,
and general business transactions, and from which copies might be taken if re-
quired on copying paper prepared for the purpose. These objects are attained
by the following means:-First, a dry powder is prepared, compounded of, A, gall
nuts in their natural state, or of salts prepared from them, or from other sub-
stances containing tannin, obtained by treating galls or such other substances
with water, common spirits, alcohol, ether, vinegar, pyroligneous acid, or other
means; B, of anhydrous ferrocyanide of potassium; C, of carbonate of lime, or
anhydrous carbonate of soda; D, of rice flour. The proportions of these
articles, and the number of them employed, admit of variation according to the
varying qualities of gall, into the most ordinary proportions, being powder of gall
nuts three parts by weight, anhydrous ferrocyanide of potassium one part, car-
bonate of lime one part, rice flour three parts; this is for producing dark writing.
For blue writing a powder is prepared consisting of anhydrous ferrocyanide of
potassium one part by weight, and of rice flour six or seven parts. The blue tint
may be varied by adding a small proportion of gall-nut powder. These powders
are pressed into the paper after it has been sized, and before it is finished, in the
case of hand-made paper, by hand, assisted by a brush; all that is superfluous
being brushed of or by a small machine; and in the case of webs, by a
machine afterwards described. For being used with the black indelible ink,
parchment is prepared in the same manner by hand. Second, the clear fluid
used as ink for the paper prepared as above, is made with carefully prepared
permuriate of iron; other persalts may be used, but the former is found
preferable. It is simply diluted with a large proportion of water. Third, the
black indelible ink may be prepared in two ways; either by rubbing down

page_text: Indian ink in a pretty strong solution of permuriate of iron in water, or by
making a stiff paste of the finest lamp-black prepared from bones, with strong
mucilage of gum arabic, and diluting this paste with a strong solution of per-
muriate of iron in water, one measure of permuriate to seven of water.
Copies are taken on prepared copying paper. The machinery for impregnating
the paper consists of, first, rollers for drawing in the paper; second, a box with
a narrow bottom of fine wire cloth, and capable of being shaken, so that a
moderate quantity of powder may escape from it, or a revolving metallic hollow
cylinder perforated with small holes; third, a rather open brush having a
lateral motion to spread the powder over the paper as it passes; fourth, a
close and rather hard brush with a lateral motion for rubbing the powder into
the paper; fifth, a revolving brush moving in an opposite direction to the
paper, for sweeping off all superfluous powder; sixth, a roller to receive the
paper and to turn the under side up, and directing it through a similar process,
so that both sides may be regularly done, after which it is delivered out in any
convenient position that may be required. This machinery may be arranged
so as to occupy little space, and it may be attached to the drying machine, and
thus save additional attendance. Other machinery acts by means of a roller
covered with chamois leather, working in a trough full of the powder. Over
this roller the paper is made to pass in a direction opposite to the motion of
the roller, so that the powder is applied to the under side, and the brushes are
applied in the reverse manner.
The Patentee claims as his Invention specifically,-
First, the impregnation of paper of all kinds, parchment, and all substances
for writing on with dry substances, simple or compounded, in various pro-
portions, to adapt them for producing dark or blue characters or traces by
means of a transparent and nearly colorless fluid, as above described, and also
the preparation of the said colourless fluid itself.
Second, he claims as his Invention the preparation of the black indelible
ink to be written with on paper and other substances for writing on, prepared
as above described.
Third, he claims as his Invention taking copies of writings done with the
said indelible ink on copying paper prepared in the same manner with dry
powders, as above narrated.
In witness whereof, I, the said Sir George Steuart Mackenzie, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of March, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty-five.
(L.B.)
G. S. MACKENZIE.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Fifteenth day of March, in the
year of our Lord 1845, the aforesaid Sir George Steuart Mackenzie, Baronet,
came before our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the
Specification aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified,
in form above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped
according to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Enrolled the Twenty-sixth day of March, in the year of our Lord One
Enrolled the Twenty-sixth day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and forty five.