matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN FILTERS AND FILTERING APPARATUS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Slack at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th November
1864.
I, JAMES SLACK, of Chorlton Works, Manchester, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FILTERS AND FILTERING
APPARATUS," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its object improvements in filters and filtering
apparatuses, and consists, first, of reversing and self-cleansing main service
filters or filtering apparatus for attaching directly to the house service water
pipes, and are intended to be formed, fitted, and operated in the following
manner: The vessel which forms the filter case is closed at one end, and
fitted with a water-tight closing cover at the other, or it may be a pipe or
cylinder open at each end, having two water-tight closing covers. In the
centre of this vessel I place the filtering material, which is held in position by
a perforated plate fixed above and below it, leaving spaces between the said
perforated plates and the ends or covers for the water. Each chamber of the
filter or filtering apparatus thus formed is fitted with an inlet tap and junction
collar, so that the water from the main can be admitted to both chambers
alternately. Both chambers are also fitted with draw-off taps, through which
filtered and unfiltered water may be drawn at pleasure.
The apparatus operates in the following manner :-Supposing it to be
placed in a vertical position the tap connecting the upper chamber is closed,
and that in connection with the lower one opened. The water will then
enter the lower chamber, and ascend through the filtering material in

page_text: the body of the vessel, and fill the upper chamber with filtered water; by now
turning the draw-off taps filtered water will flow from the upper one, and
unfiltered water from the lower one, while the flushing which will result from
the latter will carry off the matter separated from the filtered water, and so
maintain the filter in working order until it is required to reverse the action
for removing and cleansing any impurities which may have partially penetrated
the lower surface of the filtering strata. To effect this and reverse the action
of the apparatus all that is required is to close the lower junction tap con-
necting the main with the lower chamber and open the tap communicating
with the upper chamber, when the water will flow through the filter from the
top to the bottom chamber, and the filtered water gradually dislodge any
matter in the bottom of the filtering strata, filtered water now being drawn
from the bottom and the unfiltered from the top. By alternating this action,
which can easily be accomplished by simply shutting the upper and opening
the lower service taps the apparatus becomes self-acting and self-cleansing,
while both filtered and unfiltered water may be drawn therefrom simultaneously
at pleasure. By making the filter itself to move and reverse end for end, one
service tap and one draw-off tap only are required. The unfiltered water in
the latter case can be drawn directly from the main.
AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR BURNING MAGNESIUM WIRE FOR ILLUMINATING PUR- POSES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Elijah Aldis at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th April 1864.
I, ELIJAH ALDIS, of 80, Arthur Grove, Kentish Town, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR BURNING MAGNESIUM WIRE FOR ILLUMINATING PUR-
POSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the application of oxygen and hydrogen gases to
the burning magnesium wire supplied thereto through tubes attached to two
cylinders containing the compressed gases. The magnesium wire will be
coiled on a sheave passing therefrom through a tube propelled by mechanical
or hand motion to the point of contact with either of the two gases, the
molten metal falling through a vertical tube into a fireproof chamber below,
the apparatus to be provided with an air pump for compressing the gases
into the cylinders. The apparatus can be used with or without a condenser
for the light to pass through as may be required, and with or without a
reflector; transparent coloured mediums can also be used.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ENVELOPES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arthur Désiré Dhé at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th October
1864.
I, ARTHUR DÉSIRÉ DIÉ, of Vincennes, near Paris, in the Empire of
France, Vicar of Vincennes, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ENVELOPES," to be as
follows, that is to say:-
My Invention consists in shaping or cutting envelopes for letters in such a
manner that after they are closed they cannot be opened without leaving
undeniable proof that they have been broken.
My envelope is manufactured by the usual mechanical means, a change
only of matrix being necessary, it can be made square, oblong, oval, or any
other shape or size. The two lateral flaps are so cut that being bent down
on the body of the envelope they project from the middle of it of about 1
inches in length, but they have the width of a small band or strip. One of
these bands is however larger than the other, and when the envelope is to be
used, the largest of these strips is folded inside the flap, from which it projects
and forms a casing to receive and secure the smallest strip which is introduced
into it to close the letter. By means of a punch or any other convenient tool
at the extremity of the upper and lower flaps of the envelope, and at a con-
venient distance one from the other, two parallel and vertical slits are made;
they are sufficiently large for allowing to pass through them the smallest slip
herein-before described; a similar slit is prepared in the lateral flap having its

page_text: small slip folded inside of it. These several slits are made in order that when
the four flaps forming the envelope are bent down on the body of it, the slits
of the right side correspond with them, and the same also is required for the
left side. The envelope being thus terminated the end of the smallest slip
or band is gummed, and under that part I paste a piece of thick paper which
juts out of a length equal to the space between the two parallel slits of the
upper flap. To close the envelope the longest of the slips is wetted and
-passed-into-the-slits-in-all-the-flaps,-and-secured_under_the_bent_part_of_the_
smaller projecting slips.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WIND MUSICAL INSTRU- MENTS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Florentine Besson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th March
1864.
I, FLORENTINE BESSON, trading under the Firm of F. Besson, of 198,
5 Euston Road, London, Musical Instrument Maker, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WIND MUSICAL INSTRU-
MENTS," to be as follows:-
These improvements relate to wind musical instruments, and consist in,-
1°. A new cornet in C descending to B natural, B flat, A natural, A flat,
GG flat, F E natural, and E flat, which is in tune throughout, and produces
an identical quality of tone in all the mentioned keys; it moreover precludes
the necessity of transposing songs, etc. from the pianoforte copy, thus proving
of incalculable utility to all cornet players.
I obtain this result by a novel combination and arrangement of the slides,
shanks, and crooks of the said instrument, and by a new mode of varying the
keys by means of the tuning slide; in a word, the new cornet in C is
fully equal in power, freedom, and compass to my much-admired cornet in
B flat, and the improvements may be applied to any kind of model, be the
shape what it may.
2°. A new cornet in D flat descending to A flat, on the same principle as
the cornet in C described.
3°. A new cornet (soprano) in E flat descending to B flat, on the same

page_text: principle as the foregoing, by which the accidentals of the flat and sharp keys
are reduced in number and the fingering greatly facilitated.
4°. A new cornet in B flat, which by means of the second tuning slide may
be played in A natural and A flat with the B flat shank without altering the
usual position of the hand or the customary distance of the instrument from
the lip.
The advantages of the said improvements will be immediately manifest to
every one who has a knowledge of music, but for the information of the general
public it may be necessary to explain that up to the period of my present
Invention, as herein particularised, it was deemed impossible to construct a
cornet thoroughly in tune in more than one key, and this the special one in
which it was formed expressly. During 20 years the said improvements have
been sought in vain by myself and every other manufacturer and artist, so that
in now effecting them I am happy to be enabled to say I have gained one of
the greatest desiderata of the musical community..
AN IMPROVED FIRE- ESCAPE
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph George at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st May
1864.
I, JOSEPH GEORGE, of Fulbourne Asylum, in the County of Cambridge,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED FIRE-
ESCAPE," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved arrangement and construction of
fire-escape, by means of which persons may, without assistance from the
street, be enabled to retreat from a house in the event of fire.
I propose to construct a cradle or framework of iron in the form of double
brackets, braced together by tie rods; this cradle is secured by two chains
attached one on each side, the chains being fixed to staples or other fastenings
underneath the window sill within the room; the frame of the cradle serves
to support a tube of canvas or other strong fabric cut on the bias, in order
to render it yielding or partly elastic. This tube is made sufficiently long to
reach from the window to the ground. The bottom of the tube is furnished
with a padded footboard to receive the feet of the person escaping, and an
opening is made in the tube for egress. When not in use the footboard
serves to roll or fold up the tube, which is placed inside the frame or cradle;
and the whole is arranged under the window sill, beneath a dressing-table, or
other article of furniture, whereby it will be concealed from view.
When a fire occurs it is only necessary to remove the cradle or frame and
to place it outside the window sill, it will then be held firmly against the wall
by the chains. The tube and footboard are then to be thrown out, and the

page_text: person descends gradually down the tube, regulating his or her descent by
pressure with the arms or elbows against the interior or surface of the tube.
If necessary a rope may be applied to aid the descent of the person. A roller
or pulley may be applied to the cradle, and one end of the rope being thrown
to the persons in the street, the party escaping may retain the other end, and
be allowed to descend the tube by the slackening of the rope from below.
This method might be adapted in the case of nervous people, who would fear
to trust themselves to descend the tube without such assistance.
IMPROVEMENTS IN REEFING, FURLING, AND SETTING THE SAILS OF SHIPS AND VESSELS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Shorey and John Bell;
..at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on-
the 10th October 1864.
We, THOMAS SHOREY, and JOHN BELL, both of South Shields; in the
County of Durham, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN REEFING, FURLING, AND SETTING THE SAILS OF SHIPS AND
VESSELS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of certain improvements in the method of reefing,
furling, and setting the sails of ships and vessels, by means of which a greater
facility and rapidity of working will be effected, besides preventing the danger
of fouling, so prevalent by the ordinary system of reefing and furling
sails.
We propose to apply to the yard arm a shaft of iron or other metal set in
suitable bearings or journals suspended from the yard; this shaft or axle has
at each end a pinion or toothed wheel keyed thereon, and these pinions gear
into corresponding pinions at each end of the rolling jackstay. The jackstay
is held in position with respect to the yard arm by continuations of the bearings
of the shaft or axle, and by plummer blocks or journals, so as to permit of its
free rotation. In the centre of the shaft a chain pulley with suitable cavities
and stops for the links of the chain to take into and bite is firmly keyed, '
and above the yard there are set in the mast one above the other, two pulleys,
through and over which haulyard chains coming from the deck are caused' to
pass, and thence to gear into the chain pulley on the shaft or axle, so that
from the deck, by actuating the haulyards, the shaft may be caused to revolve

page_text: in either direction in order to work the rolling jackstay and to furl or unfurl
the sail contained thereon; it will be obvious that by slacking one haulyard
and tightening the other, the yard itself may be elevated or lowered and the
sail furled or unfurled, or the yard may be kept in a stationery or fixed posi-
tion during the operation of reefing, furling, or unfurling the sail.
By this Invention the reefing chains are prevented from all chance of
entanglement or fouling; the reef tackles may hoist the yard to give sail, at
the same time unrolling the jackstay, or the yard may be lowered and the sail
furled or reefed, or, as before stated, the yard may be kept in position while
the jackstay is actuated.
Sheaves and blocks may be applied wherever necessary in the usual manner
of effecting a proper purchase, as may be thought requisite. The reef tackles
are thus worked direct from the deck to which they are secured by the ordinary
fastenings.
By this Invention the. haulyards act as both reef tackles and haul-
yards.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOBBIN NET AND TWIST LACE MACHINES
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Hickling, of the Town and County of the
Town of Nottingham, Lace Maker, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN BOBBIN NET AND TWIST LACE MACHINES."
Sealed the 16th August 1864, and dated the 18th February 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Hickling at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
February 1864.
I, WILLIAM HICKLING, of the Town and County of the Town of Notting-
ham, Lace Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BOBBIN NET AND TWIST LACE MACHINES," to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object the regular taking up of and the exertion of
an even tension upon the work as it is finished. It has heretofore been the
practice to lead the fabric as it is made directly on to a work beam or roller.
Now as the work becomes wound round the beam its circumference of courso
increases and thus an irregular tension takes place.
Now my Invention consists in leading the work between a pair of pressure
rollers as fast as it is made, and from them on to the work beam, the distance-
between the rollers and the beam being such that there shall be sufficient
slack in the fabric between it and the rollers to prevent any strain upon it.
I regulate the position of my pressure rollers according to the fabric to be
manufactured.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND FIXING OF BUTTONS, STUDS, AND BOSSES
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Gibson Bussey, of Dunn's Passage Factory,
485, New.Oxford Street, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE AND FIXING OF BUTTONS, STUDS,
AND BOSSES."
Sealed the 17th March.1865,-and dated the 22nd September 1864..
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said George Gibson Bussey at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and Decla-
ration, on the 22nd September 1864, pursuant to the 9th Section of the
Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
GIBSON BUSSEY, of Dunn's Passage Factory, 485, New Oxford Street, in the
County of Middlesex, send greeting.
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE AND FIXING OF BUTTONS, STUDS, AND BOSSES," and have petitioned
Her Majesty to grant unto me, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
Her Royal Letters Patent for the same, and have made solemn Declaration
that I am the true and first Inventor thereof.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Gibson Bussey, do hereby
declare that the following Complete Specification under my hand and seal

page_text: fully describes and ascertains the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, in and by the following statement:—
The object of this Invention is to fix in a secure and rapid manner buttons,
studs, and bosses to articles of dress, as boots, trowsers, gloves, and such like,
also on accoutrements, portmanteaus, cases, and leather goods generally.
My Invention consists in drilling, punching, or otherwise making a hole
through the centre of buttons, studs, or bosses. I now take rivets of the
proper guage to fit the said holes, and of sufficient length to pass through the
buttons, studs, or bosses, and also the material -or- article to which they have
to be attached. I pass the rivet first through the material, and then through
the hole of the button, stud, or boss, and rivet upon the upper surface, and
finish off by means of a set punch of a plain or ornamental character. It
will be observed that by this process a rapid and secure means of fixing
buttons, studs, or bosses to articles or material is accomplished.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Gibson Bussey, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-second day of September, in the year
of our Lord One. thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF TRANSMITTING CURRENTS OF ELECTRICITY FOR TELEGRAPHIC PURPOSES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Schaub at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th May
1864.
I, GEORGE SCHAUB, of New Hanley Road West, Upper Holloway, in the
County of Middlesex, Electro-metallurgist, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF TRANSMITTING CURRENTS OF
ELECTRICITY FOR TELEGRAPHIC PURPOSES," to be as follows:--
The object of this Invention is to facilitate the transmission of independent
currents of electricity through line wires, and thereby, through the aid of
additional instruments to enable an increased number of operators to work
simultaneously on the same lines, and without interfering with each other.
According to the ordinary arrangement, as is well known, an operator com-
municating from one terminus to another monopolizes for the time being one
line wire, the return current finding its way back by the earth, and in order
to provide extra independent circuits, fresh lines of insulated wires are required,
which are both costly, and, in the case of submarine telegraphs, often
impracticable to obtain.
Now my Invention relates to the production of new circuits for the electrio
These new or additional circuits I obtain by connecting the trans-
mitting wires with a line or lines of insulated wire in addition to their being
connected with the earth, which line or liues will act as artificial earth lines
for the return currents. Every one of the transmitting wires may be con-
nected with each of these artificial earth lines, if there are more than one, and.
the number of new circuits will increase in ratio proportioned to the number

page_text: of these artificial earth lines or wires employed. For instance, supposing there
are four transmitting wires connected with the earth by which the return
currents are conveyed, only four operators can use these lines simultaneously,
but if these four transmitting wires are put in connection with a wire which
acts as an artificial earth line, then the number of operators and transmitting
instruments can be doubled. If a second earth wire is employed three trans-
mitting instruments may be connected with each telegraphic wire, and thus
12 operators may transmit signals simultaneously through the four transmitting
wires, and so on, the ratio increasing according to the number of additional
wires used.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MOWING AND REAPING
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Newton at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th
July 1864. A communication from abroad by Valerian Iranovitch
Kirchner, of Petrowsk, in the Empire of Russia.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane,
in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR MOWING AND REAPING,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention of improvements in machinery for mowing and reaping has
for its object to simplify the construction of this kind of machinery, and to
dispense with toothed wheels as driving gear for actuating the working parts,
and thereby reduce the friction so that the labour required to drive the
machine will be very considerably diminished.
One improvement consists in reducing the speed of the knives or cutting
instruments so as to diminish the wear and tear, and the power required to
drive the machine, and also the liability to derange or break the working
parts of the machine. The necessity for driving the knives at the speed
usually adopted in mowing and reaping machines of the ordinary kind is
avoided by increasing the length and number of the knives. Each of the
cutting instruments is composed of two thin blades of steel connected together
at the middle. These blades enter notches or slots first in the right and then
on the left of them as they are reciprocated. The driving wheel is about
4 feet 8 inches in diameter, and is provided with a band which surrounds it.

page_text: The edges of this band are cut out or made in a wavy form, and against
them bear antifriction rollers attached to the end of an arm connected to
rocking levers to which the knife bar is jointed. As the wheel rotates the
wavy edges of the band communicate a reciprocating motion to the rollers,
and through them to the rocking lever and knife bar. It will be evident that
the extent of the reciprocating motion of the knife bar will depend upon
the point at which it is connected to the vibrating lever, and therefore the
length of stroke may be adjusted to the work required to be done. The
automatic rakes are composed of a system of six moveable parallelograms
provided at one of their extremities with arms, which are extended outwards.
The nave of the driving wheel is connected by means of a clutch to a shaft
which carries two excentrics, which by means of levers act on the system of
parallelograms, and thereby communicates a to-and-fro movement to the rakes,
so that the latter will gather up the grass or stalks that have been cut off and
have fallen on to the platform, and will deposit them in a heap on the ground
as the machine advances.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Tonge at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th February
1864.
I, RICHARD TONGE, of the City of Manchester, Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS
FOR WEAVING," to be as follows :-
The first part of my Invention is applicable to all looms in which a shuttle
box with two or more compartments is employed at one or both ends of the
lay or batten, and it consists in the application of a screw for changing the
position of the shuttle box or boxes, which may be either the usual drop boxes
or circular boxes, or other shaped boxes with several compartments, so as to
bring any required shuttle in line with the shuttle race. When my Invention
is applied to a loom with an ordinary drop box, the screw is connected to a
shaft which is turned partly round by a tappet on the tappet shaft, or in any
other convenient manner. This rotary motion of the screw turns a worm
wheel partially round; the axle of the worm wheel serves as fulcrum for a
lever to which the drop box is connected. In the face of the worm wheel is
a stud taking into the other end of the lever. The amount of motion given
to the drop box is governed by a chain of perforated links or other equivalents.
This chain passes over a drum, and a feeler with prongs of different lengths is
brought against the chain after every pick has been given to determine which
box is required.

page_text: The above details are only given as one mode of carrying my Invention
into operation; the nature of this part of my Invention consists in the
application of a screw for the purpose described irrespective of the mode of
working such screw, which may be considerably varied.
The second part of my Invention consists in an improved mode of governing
the number or succession of picks from each side of the loom, the ordinary
picking bowls are hinged to levers, acted upon by the usual cams or wipers;
these hinged levers are connected to the pattern chain for governing the
position of the drop box or any other apparatus for governing the shedding of
the warp. When a pick is required the hinged lever remains straight, and
when a pick is not required the lever is bent by the pattern chain or other
apparatus above referred to, so as to move the bowl beyond the reach of the
wiper, or vice versa.
IMPROVEMENTS IN ADAPTING AND APPLYING PNEUMATIC INJECTORS TO VARIOUS USEFUL PURPOSES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Rhodes at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd September
1864.
I, JAMES RHODES, of Armley, near Leeds, in the County of York,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
ADAPTING AND APPLYING PNEUMATIC INJECTORS TO VARIOUS USEFUL PURPOSES," to
be as follows:-
This Invention relates to elastic or compressible vessels of vulcanized india-
rubber or other elastic substance, having a neck or inlet and stopper to intro-
duce and retain fluids, and an aperture through which the said fluids may be
forced by compressure, and which are usually employed for injecting medicines
and for suckling infants.
And my improvements consist in forming and constructing such or similar
vessels, and combining or connecting them to or with brushes or pens for
supplying ink or other colouring matters or liquids thereto for marking,
writing, drawing, painting, or similar purposes, which is effected by compressure
during the using thereof.
Also in constructing and combining such vessels with suitable tubes or
spouts, and applying or using them to contain oil or other liquids for lubri--
cating machinery and similar purposes, which in like manner is effected by
compressure; and in some cases I combine tin, zinc, copper, or other metal

page_text: or rigid material with the elastic substance in the construction of such vessels,
and when required to be used for containing liquids which would by their
nature act upon and destroy or deteriorate the materials of which such vessels
are made, I line them with bladder, gold-beater's skin, or other animal
substance.
APPLYING AND TRANS- MITTING MOTIVE POWER OBTAINED FROM THE SEA
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
March 1864. A communication from abroad by Emile Bercheron
des Essarts and Pierre Jacques Carmien, both of 89, Faubourg Saint
Martin, Paris, France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son, of No. 11,
Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "APPLYING AND TRANS-
MITTING MOTIVE POWER OBTAINED FROM THE SEA," (a communication to me from
abroad by Emile Bercheron des Essarts and Pierre Jacques Carmien, both of
89, Faubourg Saint Martin, Paris, France,) to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to employ as motor the wave of the sea,
which is in constant agitation, a source of power which has never hitherto
been usefully employed for industrial purposes. It is proposed to employ the
ascentional power of the wave by transmitting it to the pistons of a pneumatic
engine in the following manner :-At any point of a beach or of any con-
struction built on the sea shore it is proposed to place an arrangement of two
or more pulleys, on which will roll a cable, having at one end a buoy and at
the other a counterweight, which may rise and fall in a well made for such
purpose. The pulleys by the constant come-and-go motion of the wave which
will at one time lift and at another lower the buoy, may, aided by connecting
rods, act upon the pistons of air-compressing machines, which will store this
compressed air in reservoirs provided for this purpose, and placed even several

page_text: miles inland at the places where the power is required. The distribution of
this power will be effected through pipes by which it will be dispensed to blast
furnaces, spinning factories, or other places where it may be required. It will
be understood that if the buoy has a weight twice that of the counterweight,
the difference will be about the intensity of the motive power. The journey
of the counterweight may be reduced by using a suitable arrangement of
tackle. The action of the buoy upon the pullies will cause them to make
sometimes a, at other a, and in some cases 5 or 6 revolutions at once.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DRAYS OR CARTS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Tasker at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 25th January
1864. A communication from abroad by Joseph Mellor, residing at
Adelaide, Australia.
I, WILLIAM TASKER, of Halifax, in the County of York, Patent Agent,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
DRAYS OR CARTS," a communication to me from abroad by Joseph Mellor, a
person resident at Adelaide, Australia, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to means of moving the load or regulating and
adjusting the weight of it on the wheels, as may be required, when ascending
or descending a hill, also to applying a brake in descending and a skid in
ascending, and consists in having the body of the dray or cart not fixed to
the axle as heretofore, but capable of sliding thereon in suitable plates or slide
frames, and to give ease of motion friction rollers are introduced betwixt.
Motion is given thereto by a hand wheel and screw shaft from either end, or
other convenient part of the dray or cart, which operates a lever arm fixed on
a shaft extending across the body (underneath), having a lever at each end
connecting to the slide frames. The brake is applied to the rim of the wheel,
and one is fixed on each side of the body by spring brackets in slide frames,

page_text: so as to be capable of being readily adjusted by set screws or other suitable
means to a proper position to operate on both wheels when the load is moved
back for descending a hill. The skid is attached to the body of the dray or
cart so as to be readily placed and held in or out of action by thumbscrew or
other convenient means when ascending a hill.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF JUTE AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Carr Parker, at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
16th November 1864.
I, FREDERICK CARR PARKER, of Dundee, in the County of Forfar, North
Britain, Chemist to Her Majesty the Queen, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF JUTE
AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in the preparation of jute
and other similar fibrous substances, and consists essentially in substituting
for the oil ordinarily employed in the "batching" process & solution of
"lichen" in combination with portions of "French" or "Spanish chalk,"
"fuller's earth," "soft soap," and spirits. The proportion of each substance
which it is preferred to employ are 2 lbs. of "lichen," 3lbs. of "fuller's earth,"
1lb of "soft soap," and 1 lb. of "Spanish chalk," with about 2 pints of spirits
to 100 gallons of heated water. The lichens which it is preferred to employ
are those generally known as the "Irish" or "Iceland mosses," but other
mosses may also be employed with advantage. The mode of preparing the
compound substance consists in placing a portion of the lichen in a vessel
containing a certain quantity of water, and it is also preferred to heat the
same to ebullition by steam conducted to the inside of the vessel from an
adjoining boiler in any convenient manner, and when in this state the other
substances are commingled with it, after the introduction of which the com-
pound is allowed to cool, and when cold the combined substances assume the

page_text: form of a jelly. When it is desired to employ the compound above referred
to in lieu of the oils ordinarily employed in the "batching" process, a portion
of it is dissolved in heated water, and poured over the substance to be
treated, the result of which treatment is that the jute or other substance sub-
mitted to it is in a state for being subsequently acted upon by the machinery
in a much shorter space of time than hitherto, whilst another great advantage
is the rendering of the jute or other substance similarly treated in a condition
superior to that which results from the ordinary treatment by oil, and at a
much less cost. In lieu of employing lichens certain species of seaweed may
be used with the like result.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ENABLING PASSENGERS TRAVELLING BY RAILWAY TRAINS TO COMMUNICATE WITH THE GUARD AND DRIVER
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Samuel Guy at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st September
1864.
I, JOHN SAMUEL GUY, of No. 6, Calli Ataulfo, Barcelona, Spain, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR
ENABLING PASSENGERS TRAVELLING BY RAILWAY TRAINS TO COMMUNICATE WITH
THE GUARD AND DRIVER," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for enabling
passengers travelling by railway trains to communicate with the guard and
driver. For this purpose above each compartment of the carriages of which
a train is composed a pulley or drum is carried, through each pulley or drum
a slot or hole is formed through which a cord is passed, and this cord passes
through the drums carried by all the carriages of which a train is composed.
The ends of the rope are connected with catches attached to alarums, one in
the guard's van and one on the engine. Each of the drums or cylinders is
provided with a spiral spring by which the drum can be rotated; usually
however the drum is prevented from turning by a catch or pawl. To this
catch or pawl cords are attached, which passing over guide pulleys are led to
various parts of the compartment of the railway carriage, and are below the
seats of the carriage connected to levers; these levers are also connected with
handles or pulls which come above the seats. A passenger in any part of
the compartment of a carriage will thus be within reach of one or other of
the handles. When either one or other of the handles is raised, the catch

page_text: which retains the cylinder or drum will be withdrawn, and the drum will then
be caused to rotate by its spiral spring. When the cord has been wound up
by the rotation of the drum, it will release the catches of the alarums on the
engine and guard's van and permit them to sound. In order that the guard
inay know from which carriage the alarm is given, a signal board may be
employed, which has motion given to it either by the handle which is raised
or by the spring that rotates the drum; and in order that the guard may
know which of the passengers has given the alarm, apparatus is applied to
each of the handles or pulls to retain them from being lowered after they
have been raised to cause the signal to sound.
By means of the apparatus above described the guard can also signal to the
engine driver, or the engine driver to the guard, as the rope passes freely
through the drums on the carriages.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Blakey and Robert Blakey
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on
the 2nd January 1864.
We, JOHN BLAKEY, of Burnley, and ROBERT BLAKEY, of Marsden, both in
the County of Lancaster, Overlookers, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," to be as
follows:-
Our improvements are designed for the purpose of causing the warp or yarn
when the shed is opening to "set" equally, that is, tocause the warp threads
to become separated at even distances from each other at every pick of the
shuttle, thereby effecting a more even, regular, and superior woven fabric.
The improvements consist in the use of a bar or rod situated intermediately
between the healds and yarn guide bar, and passing underneath the warp
threads, against which it is caused to act through the medium of levers or
arms to which it is attached, having their fulcra upon the yarn guide bar; one
of these levers actuates the others by means of a cam secured upon the crank
shaft, which thereby imparts an oscillating or vibrating motion to the aforesaid
rod underneath the warp, whereby the proper subdivision and regulation of the
warp threads is effected during the operation of weaving.
AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF LADIES' SKIRTS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Crosbie Aitken Henderson
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 18th April 1864.
I, JOHN CROSBIE AITKEN HENDERSON, of Noble Street, in the City of London,
Warehouseman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"AN IMPROVED MANUFACTURE OF LADIES' SKIRTS," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is so to construct ladies' skirts that the metallic
hoops may be contracted or expanded in diameter at the pleasure of the
wearer. To this end instead of forming the metallic bands or strips into
simple hoops I give them an extra turn, so that they form a hoop within a
hoop, which hoops are nearly concentric when the skirt is contracted. The
hoops are to be connected together as heretofore by tapes or otherwise, and the
skirt may be covered except at the front part. One of the hoops at the front
of the skirt is embraced by a guide which is carried by a rigid support pendent
from the waistband or otherwise secured, and in connection with this guide
are two other guides, through which tension strings are threaded and carried
upwards and attached to some fixed point on the dress of the wearer of the
skirt. These tension strings are secured to the inner hoop of the band that passes
through the fixed guide in such manner that when drawn to tension they will
contract this inner hoop and proportionately expand the outer hoop. As all

page_text: the hoops of the series forming the skirt are connected together, this move-
ment will be communicated to all, and thus the skirt may be expanded at the
option of the wearer. When however it is required to contract the skirt, as
on entering a carriage, it is only necessary to slacken the tension strings, and
the skirt will return to its normal dimensions.
A NEW OR IMPROVED SYSTEM OF FASTENING FOR DOORS, WINDOWS, SAFES, CHESTS, AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Hancock and William
Henry Vickers at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 12th March 1864.
We, HENRY HANCOCK, of 28, Claylands Road, Clapham Road, in the
County of Surrey, and WILLIAM HENRY VICKERS, junior, of 24, Blackman
Street, Borough, in the same County, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED SYSTEM OF FASTENING FOR DOORS, WINDOWS,
SAFES, CHESTS, AND OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of a novel arrangement of self-acting or improved
spring bolts upon the back of a door, and all capable of being actuated at one
time by the mechanism hereafter described.
To the end of each bolt is fastened a chain which is carried to and fastened
round a stud or nut in the centre of the door, this nut is grooved, round which
the chains are wound when the bolts are shot back; on the door are fixed two
spring catches, one for the purpose of releasing the bolts and the other for
securing them when bolted. When the bolts are required to be released a
small key is inserted from the front which acts upon one of the spring catches,
this spring catch releases the stud, by which movement the whole of the bolts
are shot, and thus the door becomes thoroughly secured, while at the same time
the other spring catch retains the nut, preventing it from being turned. This
system of fastening can be applied to doors with the present locks, a steel
guard is attached to the end of a bolt and passed into the lock forming a pro-
tector for the keyhole by the same movement thereby effectually preventing

page_text: the picking of the lock. In some cases a scutcheon can be formed on the
handle for the locking by means of a slot being cut down the centre of the
handle, which slot is covered from view by a slide.
This Invention is applicable to all kinds of doors, also for shutters, windows,
chests, and safes. We do not confine ourselves to the number of bolts, as
they may be varied as circumstances may require.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR CONSTRUCTION OF SPRINGS FOR RAILWAY AND OTHER VEHICLES.
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Edward Winby, of Atherstone, in the
County of Warwick, Engineer, and William Wharton, of Birmingham,
in the same County, Engineer; for the Invention of " IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OR CONSTRUCTION OF SPRINGS FOR RAILWAY AND OTHER
VEHICLES.'
Sealed the 16th September 1864, and dated the 23rd March 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Edward Winby
an William Whar ton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,.
with their Petition, on the 23rd March 1864.
We, WILLIAM EDWARD WINBY, of Atherstone, in the County of Warwick,.
Engineer, and WILLIAM WHARTON, of Birmingham, in the same County,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OR CONSTRUCTION OF SPRINGS FOR RAILWAY AND OTHER
VEHICLES," to be as follows:-
We propose to manufacture or construct springs after (one) or other of the
methods illustrated in the accompanying Sheet of Drawings forming part of
this our Provisional Specification, and on which are shewn in cross section,
taken through the middle of the plates, the several constructions of spring
constituting our proposed improvements, the object of which are to permit the

page_text: several plates forming the spring to be brought together and play freely in a
longitudinal direction while preventing lateral motion, and that without
weakening the plates by slots cut through them as in ordinary springs,
consequently dispensing with the use of pins or studs working in these slots.
On reference to the Drawing it will be seen that we propose in most instances
to roll or shape our plates so that they may tie or bed in each other when
superposed to form a spring without the aid of any intermediate key or
fastening as at Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11, 12, and 13, but that we
also propose to make a spring placing round or square key pieces in longi-
tudinal grooves made in the plates as at Figures 9 and 10. The requisite
number of plates being superposed they are secured in position the one on
the other by the usual bands by which they are also attached to the framing
or other part of a vehicle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Lawson and John Lawson,
junior, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 12th March, 1864.
We, JOHN LAWSON, Pattern Designer, and JOHN LAWSON, junior,
Machinist, both of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
WEAVING, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR," to be as follows, that is to say:-
This Invention relates to improvements in weaving, and in apparatus therefor,
suitable for various kinds of fabrics, and in particular for narrow fabrics, or for
thick fabrics.
In carrying out one modification no shuttle is used, but there are two wefts,
which are drawn off bobbins, one at each side, and which are passed through
eyes in needles or carriers. The warps are shed in any common way, and
into each shed both weft carriers are passed from opposite sides and then
withdrawn; loops of the wefts are thereby laid in the shed in opposite
directions, the ends of these loops being caught by pins made to enter them
either at, beyond, or within the selvage on the opposite sides respectively from
those from which the loops are introduced. By these means firm selvages
are formed at both sides, a result believed to have been hitherto unattained
in this kind of weaving.
In other modifications more than two wefts are used, being introduced into
different sheds, which sheds may be either successive, or as in the case of
thick fabrics, simultaneous; but it is in most cases preferred to insert in each

page_text: shed at least two loops from opposite sides. In the case of thick fabrics, such
as carpets and the like, and where, for example, the object is to give thickness
to the backing, one or more wefts introduced by a weft carrier may be
employed in combination with one or more wefts introduced by a shuttle or
shuttles, firm selvages being secured by such shuttle or shuttles.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN FANCY BOXES CONTAINING GLASS IN THE LIDS
Year: 1864

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Barzillai Greenwood at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd January
1864.
I, BARZILLAI GREENWOOD, of 1, Alma Terrace, Fentiman Road, South
Lambeth, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN FANCY BOXES CONTAINING GLASS IN THE LIDS," to be as follows:-
Hitherto in the manufacture of boxes for fancy goods of any description,.
where it was desirable for the purpose of sale that the goods should be seen
for the purpose of sale without the trouble of removing the lid, the flat portion
of the lid has been made entirely of glass. For the purpose of shewing goods
only this box has been all that could be desired, but in the packing of boxes of
this description there has been little or no protection for that portion of the
lid made entirely of glass, and in consequence the glass has bitherto to a very.
considerable extent been demolished in the transit of goods from one vender to
another, and very frequently the broken portions of glass damaging the goods-
so boxed.
My improvement consists of the following: I cut out a portion of material
in the usual manner as though intended for a lid without glass, I then cut out.
of this material another portion from that part of the lid which forms the flat
surface when placed on the box, varying in size as may be deemed desirable.
according to size or shape of box and kind of goods intended to be shewn ;.
the portion thus cut out I again attach to the same part from which it was.
previously cut in one or two portions as may be deemed best, and in such
manner as I am enabled at will to lay bare or shut up that part of the lid.

page_text: from which I have previously cut the portion above described, I attach a
piece of glass to the under portion of the lid rather larger than the portion
thus cut out, only taking the precaution that in all cases it is of such shape
that when the lid is placed upon the box the glass does not touch the box,
consequently any pressure coming acts upon the box and that portion of the
lid not glass. In this manner the glass is rendered safe and the breakage in
transit avoided, the box still retaining the advantage of shewing the goods
without the trouble of removing the lid.