matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
Improvements in Cartridges for Shot or Sporting Guns.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 11th Apr., 1893--Accepted, 27th May, 1893
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Cartridges for Shot or Sporting Guns.
1 WOLDEMAR HORST SAENGER, of Klotzsche-Koenigswald, near Dresden in
the Kingdom of Saxony, German Empire, Gentleman, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The object of this invention for improvements in cartridges for shot guns, is to
prevent the scattering of the shot at too early a stage after the firing of the arm,
and also to prevent the barrel becoming "leaded," and the invention consists in so
enclosing the charge of shot, that the lead shall not come into contact with the
barrel at any time, and the charge shall leave the barrel in a more or less compact
form, so that it will carry a greater distance than heretofore, before it commences
to spread.
'
Now, according to this invention, the charge of shot is enclosed within an
envelope of felt or other suitable material, to be placed in the cartridge case, which
is provided in the usual way with the powder charge, a wad, and a firing cap. The
envelope is formed preferably in two halves longitudinally, and internally it is made
conical, either with straight sides, or in steps.
In the accompanying drawing,
Figs. 1 show in longitudinal section, and in plan view, the shot envelope.
Fig. 2 shows the envelope as inserted in the cartridge case, and
Fig. 3 shows the envelope in a different position.
The envelope, when the two halves are placed together, will form a cylinder, as
indicated at Figs. 1, with a conical shaped interior, and this envelope may be
placed in the cartridge case, with the apex of the conical space pointing outwards,
as in Fig. 2, or with the base outwards, as in Fig. 3, in which latter case the
envelope may be made in one piece.
In the first case, the ordinary wad will form the base of the envelope, and, with
the envelope, will hold the charge of shot together while in the barrel, notwith-
standing the force of the explosion.
The parts of the envelope will, in due time, be caused to drop away from the
charge of shot by the friction of the air, and the charge, which will thus have left
the muzzle of the barrel, will then be free to scatter.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In a cartridge for shot or sporting guns, the use and application of a cylin-
drical envelope having an internal conical shaped cavity to receive the charge of
shot, as and for the purpose set forth.
2. In a cartridge for shot or sporting guns, the use and application of a cylin-
drical envelope formed into two parts longitudinally, and having an internal conical
shaped cavity to receive the charge of shot, as and for the purpose set forth.
Dated this 11th dot A 1902
NEWTON & SON,
Agents for the Applicant.
Improvements in Umbrellas and Sun Shades.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 2nd Nov., 1893-Accepted, 3rd Mar., 1894
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Umbrellas and Sun Shades.
I, GEORGE FENNELL, of Sylvanhae, Chislehurst, Kent, Gentleman, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed.
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to a novel arrangement of the stretchers, ribs, and runners.
of umbrellas and sun shades for the protection of one, two, or more persons as
pedestrians, on a coach, or other vehicle, or on a boat, or yacht, or in a garden, or
any place, or position.
For the purpose of my invention, the article is of oval form, with ribs and
stretchers of different lengths, and with the runner of three parts, i.e. a runner-
proper and two rings which are provided with stretcher ears to allow of the
difference of travel on the runner when the umbrella or sun shade is being opened
or closed.
The ovality, long or short, is determined by the varied lengths of the ribs and.
stretchers, or of the ribs alone.
My invention will be clearly understood by the annexed drawings.
Figure is a sectional elevation to show the arrangement of the stretchers, ribs,.
runner, and rings thereon, the umbrella being open.
Figure 2 is a plan showing the oval form.
Figure 3, a diagram of the positions and comparative lengths of the ribs and
stretchers; Figure 4 being a detached view of the runner with two rings to slide
upon it, each ring and the runner having the necessary number of ears for jointing
the inner ends of the stretchers to.
e
9.
a, a, are the longest ribs, and b, b, b, b, the intermediate ribs; c, c, c, c, being ribs.
of the usual length. d, d, are the stretchers of the ribs a, a, and are connected to.
the ring
by the ears f,, said ring being free to slide upon the runner h is.
another ring having the stretchers i, i, i, i, connected to the ears j, j,j, j, two of
which only are shown, this ring is also free to slide upon the runner g, which.
supports the usual stretchers k, k, k, k, by the ears 1, 1, 1, 1.
m is the slot in the runner for the catch n to enter and project, said catch.
supporting the runner g by the rings e, h, when the article is open, as at Figure 1.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this invention.
and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is :-
Constructing umbrellas and sun shades with ribs and stretchers of different
lengths, and connecting them to a runner and rings thereon respectively as and for
the purpose described, whereby the umbrella or sun shade is of oval form, and.
capable of protecting one, two, or more persons standing walking or sitting side by
side as set forth.
SN 1902
H. GARDNER,
Patent Agent, 166, Fleet Street, London,
Agent for the said George Fennell.
Improved Means for Indicating the Length of Material in Rolls of Paper or Fabrics.
Year: 1893

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improved Means for Indicating the Length of Material in Rolls of
Paper or Fabrics.
I, JOHN HOWARD DALTON of 210 Queen Street in the City of Auckland,
Provincial District of Auckland and Colony of New Zealand, Tailor, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
The object of the check measurer is to assist in stocktaking, checking measure-
ment of material from manufacturers, warehousemen and dealers generally and to
shew the number of yards, feet or subdivisions thereof as may be required contained
in any piece of goods such as cloth, calico, ribbon or other material.
As
I effect this object by having a tape, paper slip, string or other approved material
marked with figures or device shewing the number of yards, feet, inches, metres,
ells or other measurements printed or marked thereon or therein, separate from the
material itself or woven or affixed to the material required to be measured.
for instance I take the measurer and commence from O from the beginning of the
material to be operated upon, I roll up the measurer conjointly with the material,
and when the whole is fully rolled up, the measurer will indicate the total length
so rolled or folded up-the advantage gained is that at any time and after any
number of yards, feet &c. or pieces are cut off from the roll the measurer will shew
by inspection at sight, the length of material remaining unused.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is:-
The use of a measurer for indicating (at sight) the dimensions in length of
soft goods or paper trade when rolled or folded up acting conjointly with the
material itself as substantially set forth in foregoing statement or Specification, as
a novelty and new invention.
Dated this 6th day of January 1893.
CARPMAEL & Co.,
Agents for the Applicant.
A New or Improved Writing Desk and Paper Roll Holder Combined for Telephones.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 16th Feb., 1893-Accepted, 1st Apr., 1893
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
A New or Improved Writing Desk and Paper Roll Holder Combined
for Telephones.
I, CARL GUSTAV NESTLER of 22¹ Turnstrasse, Chemnitz, in the Empire of
Germany, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
This invention relates to a writing desk for telephones provided with a strip of
paper in or on a roll which strip of paper is wound off one roll on to another and
passes over the said writing desk.
Referring to the accompanying sheet of drawings:-
Fig. 1 is a side elevation.
Fig. 2 a plan.
:-
For the purpose of working or using the same the arrangement is as follows
A length or strip of paper a is adapted to be written on from top to bottom over
its entire surface by arranging the strip of paper so as to move from bottom to top
(i.e. upwardly) on to the surface or plate of the desk.
C
When the paper on the desk has been written on it is merely necessary by
suitably rotating the lower roll c (which is filled with the blank paper) to feed up
some more paper-the portion of the paper written on being rolled or wound up on
the upper roller d-or the rotation of the upper roller d alone may wind off the
paper from c.
When the entire strip of paper has been wound off from the lower roller a fresh
length of paper can be mounted at c or if desired the said strip can be reversed and
is wound anew on the lower roller so that the back or reverse side of the paper can
thus also be used.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
A combined writing desk and paper roll holder for telephones consisting of the
arrangement and combination of a desk for telephones with an upwardly moving
strip of paper stretched on the desk for the purpose of being written upon and
means for winding such length of paper off one roller and onto another substan-
tially in the manner and for the purposes hercin before set forth.
Dated this 16th day of February 1893.
TONGUE & BIRKBECK,
34, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, London, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.
An Instrument for Tucking-in the Tags of Top Boots.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 11th Feb., 1893-Accepted, 25th Mar. 1893
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Instrument for Tucking-in the Tags of Top Boots.
I RICHARD LOUIS CRANKSHAW of Peover near Chelford in the County of
Chester, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement:-
It is well-known to sportsmen, military men, and others who are in the habit of
wearing top boots, or other similar high boots extending more or less up the calf
of the leg, that the tags or loops used for drawing-on the same, if not very carefully
and smoothly tucked-inside the top of the boot without twist or crease, are frequently
a cause of considerable inconvenience and discomfort, and even pain in some cases
especially when after long continued riding or other exertion there is a tendency to
swelling of the calf of the leg.
My invention is intended to remedy this inconvenience and consists of a simple
instrument (which I propose to call a "tag-tucker") designed for the purpose of
facilitating the even and smooth tucking-in of such tags or loops.
The nature of my said invention will be readily understood on reference to the
annexed drawing and the following explanation thereof.
Fig. 1 is an edge view and Fig. 2 a face view of my said invention.
The instrument is preferably made of wood such for example as ash or lance
wood which is more or less flexible and resilient but it may also if desired be made
of other material such as ivory, ebonite, or other suitable substance.
It consists preferably of one piece forming a blade a and a handle b.
The blade a is made flat, or slightly hollowed to fit the leg, and preferably with
a butt or square end, but the latter may be rounded if desired.
The handle (see Fig. 1) is not made in a line with the blade a but is curved
bent or cranked outwards as shown so that it can be more conveniently grasped by
the hand for use.
The use of the instrument is obvious. When the boots have been drawn on by the
loops or tags in the ordinary way the latter are tucked in smoothly and evenly by
means of the blade which can then be withdrawn leaving the loops or tags perfectly
level and smooth inside the leg of the boot and thus ensuring greater ease and
comfort to the wearer.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
An instrument for tucking-in the tags of top-boots or other similar high boots
consisting of a piece of wood or other material forming a flat blade, and a curved
handle substantially as herein before described and illustrated by the drawing
annexed.
Dated this 10th 1
1
GEO. DAVIES & SON,
4, St. Ann's Square, Manchester, Agents for the Applicant.
Improvements in Lighting Compositions.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 8th June, 1893-Accepted, 8th July, 1893
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Lighting Compositions.
I, ALBERT LANGE, of New Weissensee, near Berlin, in the German Empire
Manufacturer of Chemical Lighting Materials, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:—
This invention relates to a lighting composition to be ignited by friction for
lighting material which is not very inflammable and which composition is adapted
for pocket lights, as well as for the lighting of fuel for domestic or industrial
purposes.
The like lighting compositions have hitherto been of such a nature as to explode
on a blow or push being exerted thereon and to produce a sudden flash for the
lighting of a small benzine lamp.
However this kind of lightening device does not serve to light a stearine, wax or
the like light, and much less set fire to wood.
The object of this invention is thus to overcome these defects and provide a
lighting composition, which is not ignited through a blow or push but through
friction.
This composition consists in the first place of white phosphor and chlorate of
potash, which two ingredients are mixed with resinous substances, preferably,
sandarah and gum-arabic. This mixture is fastened by means of a suitable fastening
medium, preferably on strips of paper, linen or other suitable material, in order to
provide a continuous lighting band. If a hard object is quickly struck across the
end of this band the ignition will take place at once, i.e. a flame is produced at
about a right angle to the plane of the lighting band which transmits itself and
continues to burn comparatively slowly.
If a candle is positioned opposite the lighting band or parallel thereto, it is very
easy to light the same in the aforesaid manner, no match whatever being necessary
and the use of any kind of hard object sufficient.
As hereinbefore mentioned, this lighting composition is particularly usable in
band or strip form for pocket lights in particular for such in which stearine or wax
candles or the like are employed.
When using the lighting band described, a pocket light of the most simple
construction may be produced which is easy and certain in action and dispenses
with the use of dangerous liquids, such as benzine or naphtha.
In conclusion it may be mentioned that the following proportions of ingredients
have in practise been found to answer the purpose best :-

page_text: 3rd. A lighting composition ignited by friction as specified in the preceding
claims, which is employed on strips of paper, linen or the like, substantially as
set forth.
Dated this 7th day of June 1893.
F. BOSSHARDT & Co.,
4, Corporation Street, Manchester, Agents to Applicant.
Improvements in the Actions of Upright Pianofortes.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 8th Apr.,.1893
Complete Specification Left, 5th Jan., 1894-Accepted, 10th Feb., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Actions of Upright Pianofortes.
1, JOSEPH HERRBURGER, of 16 Rue de l'Evangile, Paris, in the Republic of
France, Pianoforte-action Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-—
My invention relates to the prolonges of the actions of upright pianofortes.
According to my invention I place at the lower end of each prolonge a metal
screw, the stem of which is provided with two holes which allow of screwing it
more or less into the sticker to facilitate the adjustment. This stem is terminated
by a head formed by upsetting the metal. The part of the key which lifts the
head is provided with a felt or other pad to deaden the shock.
Dated the 8th day of April 1893.
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Actions of Upright Pianofortes.
I, JOSEPH HERrburger, of 16, Rue de l'Evangile, Paris, in the Republic of
France, Pianoforte-action Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
My invention relates to the prolonges of the actions of upright pianofortes.
In the accompanying drawing,-
Figure 1 is an elevation of the prolonge of the action of an upright pianoforte
with my improvements applied thereto, and,
Figure 2 is an elevation at a right angle to Figure 1 and shewing the prolonge
applied to the end of one of the pianoforte keys.
According to my invention I place at the lower end of each prolonge A. Ba
metal screw a, the stem of which is provided with two holes m, m, which allow of
screwing it more or less into the prolonge A B to facilitate the adjustment. This
stem is terminated by a head b formed by upsetting the metal. The part of the
key T which lifts the head 6 is provided with a felt or other pad to deaden
the shock.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
In an upright pianoforte action, the combination of the prolonge A B and the
screw a provided with two holes m, m and a head formed by upsetting the metal,
substantially as set forth.
G. F. REDFERN & Co.,
4, South Street, Finsbury, London, Agents for the Applicant.
Improvements in Smoke Prevention and the Better Combustion of Fuel.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 19th May, 1893-Accepted 8th July. 1393
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Smoke Prevention and the Better Combustion
of Fuel.
OLIVER HOWL Tipton Staffordshire Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of
this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The object of this invention is to provide an apparatus to prevent smoke & to
effect a better combustion of fuel, by the use of an admixture of steam (preferably
superheated) and atmospheric air combined and highly heated and admitted at the
back of the bridge of a boiler flue to ignite the unconsumed gases.
This is equally applicable in fire bar, forced draught or any kind of furnace.
Fig. 1 of the accompanying drawing shews longitudinal section through U V.
Fig. 2 shews half transverse section through line W X and half front elevation.
Fig. 3 shews sectional plan through line Y Z.
Like letters shew like parts in each fig.
The manner in which I carry out my invention is as follows;-
I take a steam pipe A from a convenient part of the steam main or boiler for
obtaining dry steam, pass this through the door frame B of the furnace at C into the
furnace returning through the opposite side of the door frame at D and conveying
the now superheated steam to a jet E.
I pass a pipe F through the flue of a Lancashire, Cornish or other boiler to a
hollow chamber G fixed in and at the back of the bridge H in such a manner as to
become heated, the back of the said box to be suitably perforated as shewn at I.
The jet E is so fixed as to inject the superheated steam (which is regulated by a
valve J) into the orifice of the pipe F causing an admixture of superheated steam
and atmospheric air to be forced along the pipe F into the hollow chamber G.
The combined area of the perforations I in the back of the chamber G being less
than the area of the pipe F, the escape of the admixture of superheated steam and
atmospheric air is restricted and the said admixture becomes highly heated before
escaping through the perforations I.
The highly heated admixture passing through the perforations I and mixing with
the unconsumed gases at K ignites them, & a perfect combustion takes place.
I wish it to be thoroughly understood that there are several modifications which
can be used without departing from the principle of my said invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is ;-
1-The use of an admixture of steam (preferably superheated) and atmospheric
air combined & highly heated and admitted at the back of the bridge of a boiler
flue substantially as described and illustrated in the accompanying drawing.
Dated this 18th day of May 1893
OLIVER HOWL.
Improvements in Scrapers for the Colour Rollers of Printing Machines.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 10th Mar., 1893-Accepted, 13th May, 1893
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Scrapers for the Colour Rollers of Printing
Machines.
I, HUGO GAUSS of Viehweg, Mulhouse, Alsace, in the German Empire,
Electrician, do hereby declare the nature of this invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
This invention relates to the scrapers or doctors used for removing the superfluous
colour from the rollers of calico printing machines. Such scrapers as hitherto con-
structed consist of iron or steel which has been attacked and corroded by the
constituents of the colours, the scrapers thus being rendered useless. A portion of
the iron has also been taken up by the colour with subsequent discolouration or
other defects.
To overcome these disadvantages attendant upon the use of steel the doctors or
scrapers have been constructed from various metallic alloys but these have all been
too soft and have not possessed the requisite elasticity. They were soon rendered
useless by friction against the rollers and were quickly abraded by the hard or
solid particles contained within the colour.
The object of this invention is to construct a scraper or doctor from a metallic
alloy which possesses the hardness and elasticity of steel and contains no iron so as
not to be affected by any acids or metal salts in the colour or dye. This is
accomplished by employing an alloy of copper and aluminiun. The constituents of
the alloy are from from eighty-eight to ninety per cent. of copper and from ten to
twelve per cent. of aluminium.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is-
A roller scraper or doctor manufactured from an alloy of copper and aluminium
substantially as and for the purpose herein before described.
1
WILLIAM E. HEYS,
Agent for the Applicant.
Improvements in Brushes.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 2nd Sept., 1893-Accepted, 7th Oct., 1893
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Brushes.
We, WILSON MASON WHITFORD of 194 Downham Road, Islington, in the
County of Middlesex, Hairdresser, and SAMUEL COHEN of 66 Holborn Viaduct,
in the City of London, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to improvements in brushes for scrubbing, cleaning or
toilet purposes. We construct these brushes by attaching the bristles in the
ordinary way to a wood or suitable backing having flat surface to which surface we
attach by screws or other suitable means a piece of pumice-stone or a block of
ground pumice-stone compressed into suitable shape-this block then forms the
back of the brush and is bevelled or shaped so as to be convenient for holding.
The brush can be used in the ordinary way for scrubbing or cleaning and the back
(of pumice-stone) for removing stains or dirt as required. We also form the backs
of the brushes of other soft stones or other suitable material.
Figs. 1 and 2 are representations of nail brushes of different shapes constructed
with pumice-stone attachment A shewn on each.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we
claim is :-
A brush having an attachment of pumice or other suitable stone substantially as
described.
Dated this 2nd day of September 1893.
J. E. EVANS-JACKSON & Co.,
Agents for the Applicants.
Improvements in Tyres for the Wheels of Cycles.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 12th June, 1893
Complete Specification Left, 12th Mar., 1894-Accepted, 28th Apr., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Tyres for the Wheels of Cycles.
JOHN THOMAS WARD 13 Charteris Road Finsbury Park London N. Builder
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
The application of fine steel webbing in one or more layers between rubber in
the manufacture of tyres for pneumatic or other cycles.
12th June 1893.
JOHN THOMAS WARD.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
'
Improvements in Tyres for the Wheels of Cycles.
I, JOHN THOMAS WARD 13 Charteris Road Finsbury Park London N. Builder
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention relates to the tyres of cycles & consists in the application of fine
steel strips in one or more layers between rubber in the manufacture of tyres for
pneumatic or other cycles. The outer covering is composed of alternate layers of
steel strips and indiarubber so as to form an outer covering which will resist
penetration.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In tyres for cycles, an outer covering or wearing surface formed of alternate
layers of steel strips and indiaṛubber substantially as described.
E. EATON,
Agent for Applicant.
An Improvement in or applicable to Cigars.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 13th Jan., 1893-Accepted, 4th Mar., 1893
COMPLETE DIECIFICATION.
An Improvement in or applicable to Cigars.
I, HENRY JERROLD NATHAN, of 378, High Street, Stratford, in the County of
Essex, Tobacconist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement:-
My invention has reference to an improvement in or applicable to cigars, and
has for its objects to ensure free, cool, and easy smoking thereof, and to prevent
nicotine or tobacco from entering the mouth, and also enable the smoker to consume
the cigar practically to the end instead of wasting a considerable portion as is
now usually the case.
To this end I perforate the cigar transversely at any convenient distance from its
mouth end with a round hole of suitable diameter, for example, from about one-
sixteenth to one-eighth of an inch, and according to my improvement I provide an
open-ended quill or tube of suitable material of such length and diameter as to fit
well into the said perforation and not project beyond the surface of the cigar at
either end. This quill or tube is perforated with one or more suitably disposed
holes passing through one or both its sides transversely at a suitable point or points in
its length and it is to be inserted into the hole through the cigar with its transverse
hole or holes disposed in the direction of the length of the cigar, so that on the
smoker "drawing" through the cigar the smoke must pass directly through its
perforation into the quill or tube and then change its direction so as to pass out at
either end into the smoker's mouth.
The accompanying drawing clearly illustrates my invention. C is a cigar, P the
transverse perforation, T the tube or quill having one or more holes tt formed
through its wall either opposite to each other or out of line horizontally as illustrated.
The arrows show the direction of draught
By this invention no cutting or nipping off of the mouth-end of a cigar is required,
and a neat appearance is presented. I am aware that cigars have been simply
perforated transversely in lieu of nipping off the end and the effect of this is that
the smoke is drawn through all the rolled leaf and nicotine can pass freely through
same to the smoker's mouth, whereas by my invention the smoke is directed to one
point only or two points very close together, and thereby the draft is equalised
and the cigar must burn level and not down one side, and at the same time neither
the tobacco or nicotine can pass to the smoker's mouth.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
The improvement in or applicable to cigars which consists in the use and
adaptation of an open-ended quill or tube having a transverse hole or holes and
inserted into a perforation extending transversely across the mouth end of a cigar
substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
Dated this 12th day of January 1893.
A Combined Washer and Grummet for Use with Water, Steam, Gas, Air, or other Fluids, and to Prevent Vibration between Metal Surfaces.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 4th Oct., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 19th May, 1894-Accepted, 23rd June 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
A Combined Washer and Grummet for Use with Water, Steam,
Gas, Air, or other Fluids, and to Prevent Vibration between
Metal Surfaces.
I, ALFRED HENRY BARTON of 36 Radcliffe Road Northam Southampton
Mechanical Engineer do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
This invention relates to a combined washer and grummet, for the purposes of
more speedily and effectually making bolts nuts, screw, & stud joints, for use with
water, steam, gas, air, or other fluids, and to prevent vibration between metal surfaces
and is constructed as follows, either single or double. The washer preferably made
concave of any metal, the better to retain the grummet, which may consist of mineral,
vegetable or animal matter.
Dated this 3rd day of October 1893.
ALFRED HENRY BARTON.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
A Combined Washer and Grummet for Use with Water, Steam,
Gas, Air, or other Fluids, and to Prevent Vibration between
Metal Surfaces.
I ALFRED HENRY BARTON, of 36 Radcliffe Road, Northam, Southampton,
Hampshire, Mechanical Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to a combined washer and grummet for the purpose of
more speedily and effectually making bolt nut screw and stud joints for use with
water, steam, gas, air or other fluids and to prevent vibration between metal
surfaces, and consists essentially of a metallic washer, preferably made concave to
receive the grummet and of a lead, asbestos, india rubber or other similar elastic
ring or grummet fixed on the face of the washer and on the concave face if it is
concave. If desired, a similar ring may be secured on the other face of the
washer.
In the accompanying sheet of illustrative drawings, Fig. 1 is a plan of a combined
washer and grummet constructed according to this invention, Fig. 2 is an elevation
and Fig. 3 a vertical section of the same.
Rings a of asbestos or the like are secured on the convex and concave faces of the
metallic washer b. by means of shellac or other suitable cement.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
:-
1. A combined washer and grummet consisting of a metal washer having an elastic
ring fixed on its face, substantially as described.

page_text: 2. A combined washer and grummet for use with water, steam, gas, air or other
fluids and to prevent vibration between metal surfaces, substantially as described
with reference to the drawings.
101 JM 1901
WHEATLEY & MACKENZIE,
40, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Agents.
Improvements in Billiard Cushions.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 11th Oct., 1893
Complete Specification Left, 9th July, 1894-Accepted, 11th Oct., 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Billiard Cushions.
SUSANAH MCCARTHY Billiard Table Maker 8 Park Road Bromley, Kent do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
A metalic mould or saddle in which to embed india rubber or other elastic
substance such mould or saddle to be so formed as to admit of wood or other
substance being inserted to which cloth or other material may be fastened.
Dated this 9th day of October 1893.
SUSANAH MCCARTHY.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Billiard Cushions.
1 SUSANAH MCCARTHY of 8 Park Road, Bromley, Kent Billiard Table Maker
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
My invention relates to improvements in the construction of billiard cushions
whereby I obtain a greater rigidity in the ground work or mould in which the
rubber or other elastic substance is embeded which will give a greater resistance
to the balls in playing.
In ordinary billiard cushions the rubber is fixed in a wooden block which is
generally glued and screwed to the outside wood frame. This causes a hollow sound
and does not offer sufficient resistance to the balls and in course of time is liable to
shrink and crack.
To prevent these defects I introduce a metal cushion case or mould in which I
embed the india rubber or other elastic substance and which mould I securely fasten
to the outside wood frame as shown in drawings accompanying this Specification.
The block in which I fix the rubber being of metal I introduce in the underside
a groove in which 1 fit a strip of wood which enables me to fasten the cloth in side
of block next bed of table.
I do not bind myself to the exact shape of mould or case in which I embed the
rubber as I must adopt that from which I can obtain the best results.
On the accompanying sheet of drawing.
A. is the outside frame. B. is the metal mould or case in which the rubber is fixed
C. is the rubber. D. D. the wedges which fastens the cloth in metal mould or
САЕС. E is the bed of table. F the cloth. G. the bolt fastening the whole to bed
of table.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is.
1. In the construction of billiard cushions the introduction of a solid metal mould

page_text: 2. In the construction of billiard cushions the combination of a wood slip inserted
in the underside of metal mould as herein before described and shown in the
accompanying sheet of drawing.
Dated this Savanth day of Jul. 1004
SUSANAH MCCARTHY.
An Improvement on Struts and Ties for Iron and Steel Bridges, Roofs, and Structural Works.
Year: 1893

page_text: An Improvement on Struts and Ties for Iron and Steel Bridges,
Roofs, and Structural Works.
PETER ALEXANDER SOMERVAIL Mechanical Engineer and Bridge Builder
14 Belmont Street Hillhead Glasgow County of Lanark Scotland do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention relates to an improvement in struts, ties and other portions of iron
and steel bridges roofs and general structural works, and the said improvement
consists in straightening or flattening out the ends of the strut which is otherwise of
angle formation in order to give a greater surface for bolting or rivetting. The
flattening or straightening out of the angle bar increases the rigidity of the
structure and the cost is diminished angle iron bars being less expensive than
the tee bars usually employed.
The invention is illustrated on the accompanying drawings
Figure 1 being an elevation Figure 2 a cross section and Figure 3 a plan of a
girder composed of two angle bars c placed back to back and shewing the improved
strut a as applied thereto. The struts a have their flattened portions 6 entered
between the backs of the angle bars e constituting the girder and are rivetted or
bolted thereto as desired.
Figures 4, 5 and 6 are respectively an elevation a cross section and a plan of the
strut a as applied to a girder d of tee formation.
Figures 7 and 8 are elevations taken at right angles to each other and Figures 9
and 10 are cross sections taken on the lines A-B and C-D of a channel shaped
column e shewing only the top and base of the column and having the improved
struts a applied thereto.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
In structural work a tie or strut composed of an angle iron or steel bar having
its ends spread into a plane or flat surface and punched with holes to receive rivets
bolts or other fastenings substantially as described with reference to the drawings
annexed.
Dated this 28th day of August. 1893
CRUIKSHANK & FAIRWEATHER,
62, St. Vincent Street, Glasgow, Agents.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 7th Nov., 1893-Accepted, 9th Dec., 1893

page_text: slotted ends and a steadying heel to the one end thereof (as a²) all substantially as
and for the purpose set forth.
Dated the 7th day of November 1893.
WM. BROOKES & SON,
55 & 56, Chancery Lane, London, Agents for the Applicants.
Improvements in Spill-holders.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 30th Mar., 1893-Accepted, 13th May, 1893
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Spill-holders.
I, CHARLES TUCKER, of 17, Greenwich Road, Deptford, in the County of
Kent, Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
This invention relates to spill-holders preferably made of enamelled iron and
designed in such a manner as to maintain the spills in an approximately erect
attitude.
In the accompanying drawings,
Fig. 1 is a front elevation of a spill-holder constructed according to my invention;
Figs. 2 and 3 being corresponding rear and side elevations, and Fig. 4 a plan.
Figs. 5 and 6 are respectively a plan and side elevation of the zigzag piece of
metal employed for affording support to the spills.
Fig. 7 is a plan of the blank, which after being suitable bent forms the holder.
A is the front, B and C are the sides, D the bottom, and E the back of the
improved spill-holder, which is formed from a blank ABCDE (Fig. 7). The
blank is cut from sheet metal, preferably by stamping, and is bent along the dotted
lines: The back E is provided with two perforations e and e¹ adapted to engage
with nails on the wall against which the holder is hung. The zigzag piece of
metal F is pressed into the holder between the front A, the back E and the sides B
and C. This piece of metal, which serves to support the spills, can be readily
removed in order to facilitate the cleaning of the holder, and does not interfere
with the heads of the nails projecting through the perforations e and e'. It may be
made of tinned iron.
The holder is preferably enamelled, and its front A may be ornamented or may
be utilised for the display of an advertisement.
It will be obvious that a somewhat similar result may be arrived at by punching
and turning in portions of the sides of the box, such portions projecting across the
interior thereof. Such a mode of construction is not however so readily carried
out, neither does it admit of the box being cleaned with equal convenience.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I claim :-
1. The improved spill-holder constructed substantially as described with reference
to the accompanying drawings.
2. A spill-holder consisting of a box furnished internally with cross-pieces
arranged vertically and designed to support the spills in an approximately erect
attitude, substantially as herein described.
3. A spill-holder comprising a box made by bending a blank ABCDE, and a
zigzag piece of metal, such as F, fitted to the interior of the box, substantially as
described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Dated the 20th day of March 1893.
G. G. M. HARDINGHAM,
191, Fleet Street, London, E.C., Chartered Patent Agent.
Improvements in Lamp-chimneys.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 11th Mar., 1893-Accepted. 29th Apr., 1893
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Lamp-chimneys.
I, GOTTHELF MORITZ WEHNER of 10, Falkenstreet, Dresden, in the Kingdom
of Saxony, German Empire, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to improvements in lamp-chimneys of any shape or kind,
and has for its purpose to enable the lamp-flame to be blown out without the
danger usually attendant on the operation.
As will be seen from the accompanying drawing, I provide a triangular or other
shaped incision in the top of the chimney and on one side only. If it be required
to extinguish the lamp, it is only necessary to breathe lightly against this incision,
and the current of air thus caused strikes against the wall of the chimney opposite
the incision, is led downwards against the flame and gradually suffocates the
same, as the breadth is for the greater part composed of nitrogen and carbonic
acid gas.
The difficulty usually experienced in blowing out petroleum lamps and more
especially hanging lamps is thus obviated by the above improvement and the
explosions so frequently caused by careless extinguishing are also avoided, the flame
being extinguished, that is, suffocated by a light breathing.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is -
Lamp-chimneys of any shape or kind provided with a triangular or other shaped
incision at the top edge substantially as and for the purpose herein described, with
reference to the accompanying drawing.
1
Mh 1000
WHEATLEY & MACKENZIE,
40, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Agents.
A Buckle.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 26th May, 1893
Complete Specification Left, 30th Oct., 1893-Accepted, 2nd Dec., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
A Buckle.
DUNCAN HUDSON HARRISON 39 Sackville Street London W. Tailor do
hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
A buckle for general use in the tailoring and other trades the frame of the buckle
to be curved outwards to afford greater facility & ease in passing strap of
material through.
Dated this with day of New 1002
D. H. HARRISON,
39, Sackville Street, W.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
A Buckle.
I, DUNCAN HUDSON HARRISON of 39 Sackville Street London, W., Tailor,
do hereby declare the nature of the said invention and in what manner the same
is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :—
This invention has for its object a buckle for general use in the tailoring and
other trades whereby greater facility and ease is afforded for passing the strap
therethrough.
In order that my invention may be properly understood and readily carried into
effect I will proceed aided by the accompanying drawings to fully describe the
same.
Figure 1. is a plan or face view and Figure 2. is an edge view of a buckle
constructed according to my invention.
It will be seen on reference to the drawings (Figure 2) that the frame a is curved
outwards so as to allow the strap to be passed through in a straight line, or nearly
so; the buckle is secured to one end of the strap by means of the "anchor" or
part c which works loosely on the pin b to which the prongs d are attached, this
allows of the strap being passed easily through the buckle.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is
1. A buckle, the frame of which is curved outwards substantially as herein
shown and described and for the
purpose stated.
"
2. A buckle, the frame of which is curved outwards and the combination there-
with of the "anchor" or part c to which one end of the strap is attached substan-
tially as herein shown and described and for the purpose stated.
Dated this 27th day of October 1893.
DUNCAN HUDSON HARRISON.
Improvements relating to Roofs and Roofing Plates.
Year: 1893

page_text: te of Application, 16th Jan., 1893-Accepted, 1st Apr., 1893
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements relating to Roofs and Roofing Plates.
I, FRANCIS JOHN RYAN, of 9 Cologne Road, Battersea, London, S. W. Builder,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
My invention relates to the slates employed as the covering for the roofs of
buildings.
In accordance with my invention I employ instead of the ordinary roofing slates
hitherto adopted, sheets or slabs of metal, preferably say of galvanized iron and of
the size of, and laid in the manner of ordinary slates. With a view to prevent the
tendency of the wind to rock or disturb the improved metal slates, and also to
minimise the strain upon the usual nails employed for securing same to the boards
or battens; I form at the top of the improved metal slate according to my invention,
two or more denticulations, tags or teeth, turned down so as to allow the pointed
ends of same to be readily driven into the boards or battens thereby adding
materially to the security of the fixing.
The improved slates according to my invention may if desired be cut to any
ornamental shape or configuration much more readily than applies in the case of
ordinary roofing slates.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
The improved metal plates in substitution for ordinary slates, employed as the
covering for the roofs of buildings, as herein set forth.
JAMES STEVENSON,
Gray's Inn Chambers, 20, High Holborn, W.C., Agent for Applicant.