IMPROVED MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR CONDENSING STEAM
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Edward Gedge, of the Firm of John
Gedge and Son, of No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of
Middlesex, Patent Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVED MEANS OF
AND APPARATUS FOR CONDENSING STEAM."-A communication from abroad
by Jean François Maumenée, of Choisy le Roi, France, and Alfred
Dalifol, of Paris, France.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Edward Gedge
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 11th April 1864.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son, of No. 11,
Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MEANS OF
AND APPARATUS FOR CONDENSING STEAK," (a communication from abroad by
Jean François Maumenée, of Choisi le Roi, France, and Alfred Dalifol, of
Paris, France,) to be as follows:-
This Invention has for object the condensation of steam in steam engines
by water and air, employed separately or simultaneously as refrigerative sub-
stances, and comprehends a general system, permitting the condensation to be
effected under the influence of metallic surfaces, the temperature of which is
lowered by a refrigerative fluid acting exteriorly. The water resulting from
the condensation of the steam constantly returns to the generator.
The apparatus inverted for this purpose may also be applied to drying and
ventilating by hot air, and to the warming of public buildings.

page_text: The water resulting from the condensation effected by this system is entirely
recovered and sent to the generator exempt from any mixture with the
refrigerative body, whatever it may be, which has been used to effect the
condensation. The very destructive incrustations to which the generators are
usually exposed will no longer be produced where this system is adopted, the
feeding being constant and entirely with distilled water.
The conditions to be observed in the use of this system are, firstly, expand
the steam as much as possible in the motor cylinder; secondly, "subject the
steam when it leaves the cylinder to a somewhat considerable journey in contact
with the metallic condensing surfaces; thirdly, cause this steam to travel in a
direction opposed to that of the refrigerating principle; fourthly, provoke in
the march of the refrigerative substance as much agitation as possible;
fifthly, prevent the return to the generator of the air extracted from the
apparatus and forced by the feed. pump; sixthly, cool as much as possible
the water resulting from the condensation of the steam, and at the moment of
its re-entering the generator cause it to pass through a reheating apparatus
situated near the motor cylinder apparatus, which the steam traverses at the
instant it leaves the cylinder.
The first arrangement adopted under this Invention is the following:-
Firstly, a tube plunged into a narrow channel in which the condensation is s
effected, and which constitutes the entire condensing apparatus; secondly, an
ordinary cold water pump; thirdly, a double or single-action air pump of
small size; fourthly, a closed reservoir, receiving the products of the air pump,
and which from its functions may be termed the compression tank; fifthly, an
ordinary feed pump drawing from the preceding reservoir; sixthly, a second s
reservoir placed immediately after the feed pump, of which it receives the
products, the essential object of which is the expulsion of the air mixed with
the water obtained by the condensation before the water re-enters the
generator, and this second reservoir may be termed the purging tank. This
arrangement may be simplified by means of an apparatus combining in one a
the cold water pump, air pump, compression tank, and feed pump. The
condensing apparatus and the purging tank always constitute two distinct
apparatus; and if the second is simple in its action, and little susceptible of
improvement, the first, on the contrary, may be the object of an infinite
variety of combinations more or less advantageous; thus, instead of a single
tube, this tube may have the form of a worm, with straight parallel branches
united two and two by elbows. These copper elbows may be replaced by cast-
iron boxes, between which the tubes will be mounted and fixed, in the same
manner as the rounds of a ladder are placed. The worm above alluded to

page_text: may also be composed, not of copper tubes, but of cast-iron tubes of large
diameter, and in the interior of this worm is fitted a second, composed not of
a single tube, but of several copper tubes united into as many sheaves as the
outer tube has branches. For condensation by air it is proposed to adopt a
worm composed of a certain number of branches, and these branches, instead
of being formed by one tube, will be multiple, that is to say, each formed by a
large number of tubes of small diameter. The passage reserved for the air
will be composed of all the intervals reigning between the tubes. The passage
of the air will be accelerated by a fan, and if necessary a tube placed across
the opening will distribute water in a very fine shower to saturate the air in
its passage. The conditions of the condensation by air are, extent of the
surfaces, multiplication of the passages reserved for the air, and rapidity of
motion communicated to the air. It will be evident, as above stated, that the
hot air produced by this last method of condensation may be usefully employed
for ventilating, drying, or heating purposes, and such application also forms.
part of this Invention.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Edward Gedge in the Great Seal Patent Office on
.the 10th October.1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son, of No. 11, Wellington
Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, send greeting.
"WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eleventh day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-seventh year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs' and successors, give and grant unto me," the
said William Edward Gedge, Her special licence that I, the said William
Edward Gedge, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such other's
as I, the said William Edward Gedge, my executors, administrators, and.
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVED MEANS OF AND APPARATUS FOR CONDENSING STEAM," (a com-
munication to me from abroad by Jean François Maumenée, of Choisy le Roi,
France, and Alfred Dalifol, of Paris, France,) upon the condition (amongst

page_text: others) that I, the said William Edward Gedge, my executors or adminis-
trators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands
and seals, should particularly describe--and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the
same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months
next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
-
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Edward Gedge, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the Sheets of Drawing hereunto annexed, and
forming part of this Specification, and to the figures and letters of reference
placed thereon :-
This Invention comprises a general system permitting the operation of
condensation under the influence of metallic surfaces, the temperature of which
is lowered by a refrigerating fluid of any description acting exteriorly. For
this purpose, perfectly closed and water or steam tight apparatuses are used.
The water resulting from the condensation of the steam returns constantly to
the generator.
One of the apparatuses invented for the object above stated may also be
applied to drying and ventilating with hot air, and to heating public
edifices.
The water resulting from condensation under this method is entirely
recovered, and returned to the generator exempt from any admixture with the
refrigerating body, whatever it may be, which has been used to effect the
condensation. The very destructive incrustations to which generators are
generally exposed can therefore no longer be produced where the system,
the subject of this Invention, is used, the feeding taking place constantly and
entirely with distilled water.
The conditions to be observed in the use of this system are these:-Firstly,
expand the steam as much as possible in the motor cylinder; secondly, cause
the steam at its exit from the cylinder to travel a considerable distance in
contact with the metallic condensing surfaces; thirdly, cause this steam to
travel in a direction opposed to that of the refrigerating principle; fourthly,
provoke the greatest possible agitation of the refrigerating substance during its
journey; fifthly, prevent the return to the generator of the air extracted
from the condensing apparatus, and rejected by the feed pump; sixthly,
cool as much as possible the water resulting from the condensation of the
steam, and at the moment of its re-entrance to the generator cause it to
pass through a re-heating apparatus situated near. the motor cylinder;

page_text: which apparatus is traversed by the steam at the instant it leaves the
cylinder.
:
I will now describe the first arrangement of the condensing apparatus under
this Invention, water being used as refrigerating matter. The most simple
method of establishing a metallic surface condenser is assuredly this,-lengthen
the
escape pipe of the steam engine, and immerse in water running in a
narrow channel dug in the earth where the machine stands. Figures 1 and 2
(Sheet 1) of the annexed Drawing shew this arrangement.
Figure 1 (Sheet 1) presents a section perpendicular to the channel, and
consequently to the condensing tube. The tube is keyed or wedged and fixed
sufficiently to prevent its rising or lowering. The water running in the
channel or conduit should as much as possible have a speed of 20 inches per
second. A bar or dam placed at the extremity of the channel keeps the water
level at n, n¹.
Figure 2 (Sheet 1) shews in what manner the channel and the condensing
tube terminate at the side opposite the motor cylinder. The channel ends
against a tank B of sheet iron or wood, and communicates with the interior of
this tank by an opening made in its side, which opening is exactly the section
shewn, Figure 1 (Sheet 1).
An elbow pipe A, coming from the cold water pump, throws into the tank all
the water extracted by the pump, and thus feeds the channel by which it runs off.
C is the extremity of the condensing tube, which passes through the tank, and
terminates outside in an elbow pipe E communicating by two pipes F, G, with
a small. pump, Figure 3 (Sheet 1), which throws into a reservoir placed at
the side. (see Figure 4, Sheet 1) the steam, the air, and the water which it
has drawn from the condensing tube. This last reservoir N itself communicates
by the pipe M.with an ordinary feed pump, which I have not deemed, it
necessary. to shew.
I will now make some observations on the arrangement just described. R,
Figure 2. (Sheet. 1), is a receiver in communication with the condensing
tube C.. It carries the vacuum indicator (with which every condenser should
be furnished), and terminates above with a large valve intended to permit the
escape of the air contained in the apparatus at the moment the machine is set
at work, and also intended to provide an exit for the steam in case the con-
densation has not been completely effected, which it will be evident would
occur if any disarrangement of the cold water pump, should cause the channel
in which the condensing tube. C is immersed to be insufficiently fed. The
reservoir N,. Figure 4 (Sheet 1), placed between, the air pump, Figure 3
(Sheet 1), (for this pump here, fulfils the functions of an air pump), and the

page_text: feed pump, is a vase ntended to serve as receptacle to the mass of water,
air, and even steam, which the air pump extracts from the condenser at the
'moment the machine is set at work, a quantity of air and water which the
feed pump, by reason of its small size, could not retake immediately and in
totality; it has also for object to bring the air extracted from the condenser
to a pressure greater than that to which it was submitted in that apparatus,
which then permits the feed pump, notwithstanding its very small volume, to
extract this air, in its turn to eject it into the atmosphere, as will. presently.be
seen. If the feed pump should happen not to work well, or even not work
at all, the air and the water obtained by the condensation accumulating in the
reservoir N would soon fill it, and escape by the tube L, and by lifting the
clack valve c placed at the bottom of this tube, which clack valve is intended
'on keeping lowered to permit a rarefaction of the air contained in N, while
offering, nevertheless, an issue to the air and the water in case of the accident
above mentioned. This escape of the water obtained by condensation by. the
tube L would warn the machinist of the disarrangement of the feed pump...i
Figure 5 (Sheet 1) shews an apparatus composed of a cast-iron bell or
receiver, under the bottom of which penetrate two pipes t, t, the first coming
from the feed pump, the second leading to the generator, at the entrance to
which it must be provided with a retaining valve. The bell is surmounted by
a cylinder closed at its upper part, and carrying on one side, at this point, a
small cock r, and on the other side a water level. The water, the product of
condensation forced by the feed pump, and arriving by the pipe t, fills all the
lower bell, and such part as may be desired of the upper cylinder, by suitably
opening the cock r, opening which, permitting the disengagement of a certain
portion of the air accumulated in the upper part of the apparatus, allows the
level of the water which it contains to rise, and even to spout out by the cock r',
if this latter, too much opened, permitted the escape of all the air, which
before the opening of this outlet opposed the rise of the water. To avoid loss
of the water obtained by condensation either in the generator or from the
joints of the apparatus, the cold water tank B, Figure 2 (Sheet 1), is put in
'communication with the interior of the pipe C by pipe furnished with a
cock offering a very narrow passage, so as only to permit the entrance of a
very slight dash of water.
a
I will now describe a simplification of the apparatuses above set forth,
namely, a single pump replacing the cold-water pump, the air pump, the
compression tank or reservoir, and the feed pump, see Figures 6, 7, 8, 9,
10, and 11, (Sheet 1). Figure 6, (Sheet 1,) shews a section through the axis
of this pump. The piston is formed by a hollow cylinder closed at its

page_text: extremities by two flat pieces. From the centre of these pieces start cylindrical
rods, themselves hollow, and forming but one piece with these ends. The
lower rod itself fulfils the functions of a piston; whereas the upper one
preserves its natural functions, consisting in the transmission of the movement.
The packings, three in number, are all of the nature of those known as
stuffing boxes, and may be tightened at will during the working of the pump.
A simple description of the Drawing will now suffice. to render the arrange-
ment in question intelligible. P, hollow closed cylinder, composing the
principal piston. d, d, pierced rod carrying at its upper part a valve ¿¹i;
intended to permit the escape of any fluid which, enclosed within the piston P;
would be thus compressed and carried to a greater pressure than that of the
atmosphere. t, t, cross piece on which is jointed the connecting rod com-
municating the motion. d, d, hollow-cylindrical rod acting as piston to the
feed pump; it carries at its lower part à reversed valve e', held in its seat by
a spring e, crown valve, shewn Figure 11 (Sheet 1) and intended to close
the partly annular orifices o, o, o, Figure 10 (Sheet 1) with which the upper
plate of the piston P is pierced. These openings are outside, and against; the
rod d, d, Figure 6 (Sheet 1) and serve to establish a communication between
the chamber A and the interior of the piston P. This valve e is held against
its seat by a spring shewn, Figure 6 (Sheet 1) and its hollowing out like a
crown is necessary in order that even when resting on its seat it may leave
the interior of the pipe d, 'd, always in communication with the interior of the
piston P. b, b, Figures 6, 7, and 8 (Sheet 1) cylinder forming the main
body or barrel of the pump. Figure 8 (Sheet 1) indicates in what manner
it terminates at the upper part. This Figure, as well as Figure 7, presents
projections on a vertical plan, perdendicular to that of Figure 6 (Sheet 1):
As to its lower part it terminates in two elbow pipes opposite one another,
and against which, as shewn, Figure 6 (Sheet 1) fit two pipes, T", T"; the
first coming from the well, and the second leading to the cold-water tank B;
Figure 2 (Sheet 1). c, c, c, Figures 6 and 9 (Sheet 1) sort of cylindrical
bell or receiver, serving as stuffing box, lid or gland on the packing.g, g,
Figure 6 (Sheet 1) and closing at the same time the upper part of the main
pump body or barrel. b, b, Figure 9 (Sheet 1) represents a projection of
this bell or receiver on a vertical plan perpendicular to that Figure 6
(Sheet 1). This bell c, c, c, carries at top the joint i, i, forming the stuffing-
box of the rod d, d, of the piston P; it further carries laterally a 'square
elbow pipė intended to put the interior A, Figure 6 (Sheet 1) in com-
munication with the condenser by the aid of the pipe T, the valve E
establishing or intercepting this commucication. Figure 7 (Sheet 1) shews

page_text: that the tightening of the packing 9, 9, Figure 6 (Sheet 1) is effected by
the aid of the bolts and nuts h, h. This same Figure presents this tightening
arrived at its limit position of the stuffing box lid or gland c, c, c, by which
the stroke of the piston P should be regulated, in order that this latter in its
ascentional movement may not come against the bottom of the cylinder c, c, c.
F, F, Figure 6 (Sheet 1) bottom of the main pump barrel, which bottom
carries beneath a long joint c¹, c³, forming stuffing box, and into which
consequently the cylinder c¹, c", c, c, introduces itself, serving at the same
time as stuffing box lid on the packing 9", 9", and as pump barrel in relation
to the rod piston d³, d', herein-before termed the feed piston. This cylinder,
c¹¹, c¹¹, c¹¹, c", carries on the side an elbow pipe furnished with a valve 6¹¹¹,
against which elbow pipe fits the pipe t¹ leading to the steam generator. The
pump barrel c, c, c", c", is closed at its lower part by a plate p, which is
detached at pleasure when it is desired to visit the valve e¹ of the piston d', d¹.
This being well understood, it results that the pump shewn Figure 6 (Sheet 1)
is triple, that is to say, fulfils three functions at once. Its upper part A is the
air pump;, the part beneath A¹ is the cold-water pump; and, lastly, the lower
part B is the feed pump. Nothing is more simple than the effects which are
accomplished in the chamber A¹ by the movement of the piston, and the play
of the valves E¹, E", and they need no mention. Some explanation may be
useful as regards the play of the air pump A. It will be understood that
during the descending movement of the piston P the valve e remains fixed
on its seat by the effect of the spring which is attached to its stem, and that
the valve E opens only at the moment when the pressure which reigns in A
becomes inferior to that which exists in the condenser. From this instant the
water obtained by condensation, the air, and even the steam, which arrive by
the pipe T pass into the chamber A. When afterwards the piston P accom-
plishes its upward movement, and when from the effect of this movement the
pressure at A becomes superior to that which reigns in the interior of P, the
valve e opens, and the products accumulated in A pass wholly into. P. When
this piston reaches the limit of its journey, the water falls naturally in the
tube piston, d¹, d', on the valve e¹; and as this is open because the ascending
movement of the piston has tended to cause a vacuum in B, this water falls
finally in this latter chamber B, to be forced into the pipe t, when the piston P
re-descends. From the effects just described it clearly results that the
interior of the piston P is a fourth chamber, which here plays an important
part. It constitutes the recipient, which has been herein previously termed the
compressing reservoir; and if, as happens at the moment, the machine is set
in motion, the water and the air abounded at P, the hollow rods d, d, and

page_text: the valve e¹¹, which closes it at top, would permit the escape of these too
abundant fluids, which the feed pump d', d, B, alone would be powerless to
extract, immediately because of its small capacity. As has been stated the
pump which has just been described may take the place at once of four
organs, the cold-water pump, the air pump, the feed pump; and the
compression tank or reservoir; and this sole pump, fitted to the condensing
tube shewn Figure 2 (Sheet 1) will constitute, together with this tube a
complete condensing apparatus which will realize all the advantages previously
enumerated.
air
Figures 12, 13, and 14, (Sheet 1).-As to the pump, Figure 14 (Sheet 1), it
will be observed that it is a reproduction of that Figure 6 (Sheet 1), with
this single modification, that the chambers A and A¹ both communicate with;
the condenser. Here there is, therefore, no longer a cold-water pump, but the.
pump finds an increase of power because it thus becomes a double-action.
pump. The Figures 12 and 13 (Sheet 1) relate to the crown valve, which,
placed on the lower bottom of the piston P, Figure 14 (Sheet 1), places the
interior of this latter in communication with the chamber A¹. This valve is.
crown shaped, in order always to leave free the communication between the
pistons Pand. p. It will be observed that the arrangement given to the
pipes T, T, is not indifferent. It has been stated that they both communicate.
with the condenser, but at two different points, the lower a, the upper a¹; there-
fore, inasmuch as the upper part A of the pump communicates with the lowest
point of the condenser, the outflow of the water obtained by condensation
will necessarily always take place above the piston P which will always keep
its packing 9, 9, tight and secure the proper working of the pump. The
pump, Figure 14 (Sheet 1) has a special destination, it is to be applied to the
apparatus for condensing by air which will be now described, apparatus which
permits the use of air as refrigerating fluid. This apparatus, shewn Figures 15°
(Sheet 1) to 27 (Sheet 2), consists of a worm or serpentine composed of. a.
certain number of branches, and these branches instead of being formed by ȧ:
single tube are multiple, that is to say, each formed by a great number of:
tubes of small diameter. According to the diagram shewn, thirty is the:
number of tubes of which each branch of the worm is composed, and the total,
of the inner sections of these thirty tubes composes the issue which in this:
apparatus is offered to the passage of the steam to be condensed. It will then;
doubtless be at once understood that the passage reserved for the air is there-
fore composed of all the spaces between the tubes, spaces which it should be:
endeavoured to keep exact and regular at all points of the apparatus. The.
Figures 15, 18, 16, (Sheet 1), represent the first a vertical projection or front,

page_text: view of the apparatus, the second a horizontal projection, and the third a
horizontal section. The Figure 15 (Sheet 1) indicates that the tubes are
vertical, and contained between two cast-iron boxes, their extremities penetrating
into holes, with which the bottoms of these boxes are pierced at regular intervals.
The distance apart of these boxes is determined by the obstacles opposing their
coming closer, namely, the ferrels a, a, b, b, Figures 24 and 25 (Sheet 2)
solidly held on the tubes. The strength of the apparatus is also secured by
four iron columns A, Figures 15 and 16 (Sheet 1), solidly fixed to the lower
box. The nuts with which they are furnished at their upper ends serve to
regulate the pressure which it is necessary that the boxes exercise on the
ferrels of the tubes, in order that caoutchouc washers placed between the
ferrels and the boxes form perfectly tight joints. To understand how the
serpentine circulation above mentioned is established, it is only necessary to
examine attentively first the Figure 17 (Sheet 1) which represents a vertical
section following the line A, B, of Figure 16 (Sheet 1), then the Figures 19,
20, 21, 22, and 23 (Sheet 2), which represent the interior of the upper box
and projections and sections thereof. The longitudinal partitions with which
it will be seen that the interior of this box is furnished (see Figures 19 and 23
(Sheet 2) explain at once how the worm or serpentine in question is.
established, the lower box being in every way similar to the upper,.
but in a reversed and opposite position, and the arrows, Figure 17 (Sheet 1)
indicating the course of the steam. Without the partitions in question.
tho steam could not in fact serpentine and spread throughout the upper
box, it would penetrate into the lower one by all the tubes at once, and not
by passing through each range of tubes successively. It will doubtless have
been understood that the sort of cases B and B which surmount the lids of
the boxes have for object to permit an instantaneous distribution of steain
into the thirty tubes which constitute one branch of the worm or serpentine.
It will also be understood that because the steam travels within the tubes, the
air which is to act as the refrigerating principle must take it course through
the interstices left, between the tubes, which interstices must be so calculated
as to permit the passage of a very considerable volume of air. In order that the
circulation of air produce the desired effect, namely, the condensation of the
steam, it must be extremely active, and this activity is obtained by the aid of
a powerful fan.
.
Figure 26 (Sheet 2) shews a side view of the apparatus covered with the
sheet-iron casing which is necessary to the efficacious action of the fan
represented at V, V, Figures 26 and 27 (Sheet 2). The steam entering into
the apparatus by the upper case B to serpentine from left to right and come.

page_text: against the lower.case B¹; if it has. not been entirely condensed during this
journey the air must take a reverse direction, that is to say, travel from right
to left, therefore it is made to enter by a rectangular opening, of which m, n,
Figure 26 (Sheet 2) is the small side, and the large side of which is the
breadth of the apparatus to escape by the circular opening c, d, Figure 27
(Sheet 2) made beneath the fan V, V, in the upper bottom a, b, Figure-26
(Sheet 2) of the casing of the apparatus, at which opening it. cannot arrive
until after having traversed the entire sheaf of tubes which compose the.
apparatus, and the air cannot enter elsewhere than by the rectangular
opening m, n, every other issue being prevented by the casing above mentioned,
and by plates. 1, 1; 1, 1, Figure 16 (Sheet .1) which close the two narrow
sides of the apparatus..
A pump, specially applicable to the apparatus just described is shewn
Figure 14. (Sheet 1), and has been previously described. Now the two.
openings, with which it may be seen that the lateral sides of the lower case. B¹,
Figures 15 (Sheet 1) are pierced are precisely intended, to place this case in
communication with the air pump by the two pipes (the one above, the other
below) of which mention has been made. The Figures 22 and 23* (Sheet 2)
indicate a much more convenient method of establishing or fitting the box
previously mentioned; it is to make it in two parts, that is to say, of a frame.
in the interior of which are cross pieces forming a sort of grating, and of a
perfectly smooth plate, which would form the bottom of the box. With a
powerful apparatus a driving engine in good order, and permitting a great
expansion of steam, the condensation may be effected by the influence of air
alone, supposing this air at the usual temperature. of about 10%; under less.
favorable circumstances the co-operation of water will be necessary, and a
tube t placed longitudinally across the opening m, n, Figure 26 (Sheet 2)
may, in-distributing a very gentle shower of fine rain; sufficiently saturate the
air in its passage to render complete the condensation of the steam in the
apparatus: With the addition of a motor sufficient to give motion to the fan
another application of this apparatus may be made, an application the
usefulness of which will be immediately appreciated, namely, the heating of
public edifices, large establishments, workshops, and other places, and to
drying by means of hot air, which drying is required in many manufactures.
The apparatus in question would be eminently useful in certain localities,
especially where a considerable number of persons are assembled, in which
case, in fact, it is not heat alone which is necessary, but, above all, ventilation,
which becomes indispensable to renew the rapidly vitiated air. But of all the
applications of which this Invention is susceptible the most interesting is

page_text: without doubt its application to navigation. The conditions which may permit
this application are these,-use, the steam at high pressure, and expand to
about one atmosphere; it is true: that no vacuum, or only a very slight
vacuum may be had in the condenser, but the advantage will be had of feeding
with distilled water raised to a temperature of at least 100%, which water
will not require renewing except after a lapse of time; which the good condition
of the apparatuses will much increase, by lessening leakages and escapes of
steam. A small stock of water, with machines and apparatuses in good
condition will therefore suffice for a long voyage, to which already immense
advantage join that of the non-incrustation of the apparatuses, of their lasting
much longer, of a more complete user of the fuel employed, and the importance
of the application of this Invention to the purpose. in question will be
sufficiently apparent.
. In conclusion, claim is made for the exclusive use, firstly, of the apparatus
for condensing by, water, as shewn Figures 1 to 5 (Sheet 1).
Secondly, of the pump, simplifying the said apparatus, Figures 6 to 11°
(Sheet 1).
Thirdly, of the modified pump, Figures 12, 18, and 14 (Sheet 1).
Fourthly, of the apparatus for condensing with air either dry or more or
less saturated with water, Figures 15 to 27 (Sheets 1 and 2). The applica-
tion of the said apparatuses to the condensation of steam in driving engines of
every description.
Fifthly, and lastly, the application of the apparatus for condensing by air, or
drying and ventilating, and to the heating of public edifices and other places.
The whole substantially as herein set forth, and illustrated on the annexed
Sheets of Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Gedge, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Tenth day of October, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
TT