IMPROVED DEODORIZING AGENTS
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Robert Calvert Clapham, of Walker, in the County
of Northumberland, Analytical Chemist, and Richard Cail, of Gateshead,
in the County of Durham, Chemical Manufacturer, for the Invention of
"IMPROVED DEODORIZING AGENTS."
Sealed the 20th November 1860, and dated the 24th May 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Robert Calvert Clapham
and Richard Cail at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 24th May 1860.
We, ROBERT CALVERT CLAPHAM, of Walker, iu the County of Northumber-
land, Analytical Chemist, and RICHARD CAIL, of Gateshead, in the County of
Durham, Chemical Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVED DEODORIZING AGENTS," to be as follows:―
We take the waste or residual manganese solutions, at present run from
sticco," used in the manufacture of bleaching powder or the generation of
chlorine for other purposes, and mix therewith any of the metals or the oxides
of the metals, such as iron, manganese, zinc; or we substitute for these any of
the earths, such as lime, magnesia, alumina; but we prefer the oxides of iron,
so as to neutralize or nearly neutralize any of the free acids contained therein.
Or, we make use of the solutions aforesaid without the addition of the above-
named substances.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Robert Calvert Clapham and Richard Cail in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 24th November 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, ROBERT
CAEVERT CLAPHAM, of Walker, in the County of Northumberland, Analytical
Chemist, and RICHARD CAIL, of Gateshead, in the County of Durham, Chemical
Manufacturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-third year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us,
the said Robert Calvert Clapham and Richard Cail, Her special licence
that we, the said Robert Calvert Clapham and Richard Cail, our execu-
tors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Robert
Calvert Clapham and Richard Cail, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United. Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVED DEODORIZING AGENTS," upon the condition (amongst others)
that we, the said Robert Calvert Clapham and Richard Cail, or one of us,
our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or
their, or one of our or their hands and seals, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent
Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Robert Calvert Clapham and Richard
Cail, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say :-
The object of our Invention is to produce agents capable of disinfecting the
odours of sewers, cesspools, stagnant water, and other solutions or substances
containing or giving off noxious fumes. For this purpose we take the waste or
residual manganese solutions at present run from stills used in the manufac
ture of bleaching powder, or the generation of chlorine for other purposes, and
we mix therewith any of the metals or the oxides of the metals, such as iron,
manganese, zinc; or we substitute for these any of the earths, such as lime,

page_text: magnesia, alumina; but we prefer the oxides of iron, such as hematite iron
ores. We effect the mixing in the following manner :-The aforesaid man-
ganese solutions may be first settled, if required, and the clear solution then
heated to the boiling point or thereabouts with a jet of steam, or otherwise,
and portions of the above substances added by degrees till the solution is neu-
tralised or nearly so. This operation we prefer to conduct in a stone or
earthenware vessel upon which the acid solutions have little or no action. The
nearly neutral liquors are then run into a reverberatory furnace, the bottom of
which is made, by preference, dish-shaped, and well and tightly built with good
fire bricks and fire clay. The liquors are here evaporated nearly to dryness,
and in this state are withdrawn from the furnace, where the mass easily solidi-
fies, and is fit to pack in casks. It then consists (in case oxide of iron has
been used as a neutraliser) of nearly pure chloride of manganese and per-
chloride of iron, with a little water in the proportion (when dry) of 65° of the
former and 35% of the latter, or thereabouts; but we do not confine ourselves
to any exact quantities.
In some cases we prefer to run the acid solution at once into the furnace
and there add the substances before named, treating the same exactly as before
stated; or the neutral solution may be sometimes conveniently used without
evaporation or by partial evaporation in the furnace aforesaid.
Having now described the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, we declare that we claim the employment of
chloride of manganese as a deodorising agent with or without the addition of
other substances, in the manner herein-before described.
In witness whereof, we, the said Robert Calvert Clapham and Richard
Cail, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-third day of
November, One thousand eight hundred and sixty.