IMPROVE- MENTS IN PLOUGHS
Year: 1882

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edmund George Lakeman
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 18th February 1882.
EDMUND GEORGE LAKEMAN of Modbury, in the County of Devon. " IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PLOUGHS."
This Invention relates to further improvements in that class of ploughs for
which Letters Patent were granted to me dated the Twelfth day of May, One
thousand eight hundred and eighty, No. 1941, the object of the present improve-
ments being to simplify the construction, to facilitate working and diminish the
draught.
In carrying out the present improvements I construct a right and a left hand
single way plough of one or more furrows and attach them one on each side of the
frame or carriage by means of cranks.
The frame which forms the carriage is preferably constructed of iron mounted
on two large wheels which carry nearly the whole weight of the plough and which
by means of a rod can be steered from behind, the tail part of the frame resting on
a small swivelling wheel or preferably on a swivelling davit which I have found to
answer better than a caster wheel as it acts as a drag when turning at the ends
when both sets of ploughs are clear of the ground.
The frame carries one or more (preferably two) sets of cranks one set in the
front and another at the back ench set of cranks working on bars bolted to the
frame;
the cranks for each plough are connected together by a connecting rod each
back crank being provided with an operating lever; the outer ends of the cranks
are fastened to the beams to which are fixed the tines which carry the shares.
By this arrangement each plough may be raised or lowered independently of
the other by operating either the right or left hand handle or lever as the case
may be at the same time that the ploughs balance one another.
The ploughs are connected in front by means of a draught bar on which is a

page_text: sliding ring to which the draught chain is attached; this sliding ring allows the
draught chain to slide from one side to the other according to which set of ploughs
is at work, sliding stops with set screws being provided to hold the sliding ring in
its working positions.
The draught bar or whipper is carried in holders fastened to the front cross bolt
of the beams, the ends of the whipper working in vertical slots in the front ends
of the holders which will allow the draught bar to automatically adjust itself to
the changing levels of the ploughs.
The plough is provided with the usual handles bolted to the frame and having
catches for catching the operating levers when pulled down to raise the plough.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Edmund George Lakeman in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
17th August 1882.
EDMUND GEORGE LAKEMAN of Modbury in the County of Devon. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PLOUGHS."
This Invention relates to further improvements in that class of ploughs for
which Letters Patent were granted to me dated the 12th day of May, One
thousand eight hundred and eighty, No. 1941, the object of the present improve-
ments being to simplify the construction, to facilitate working and diminish the
draught of the plough. In carrying out the present improvements I construct a
right and a left hand single way plough of one or more furrows and attach them one
on each side of the frame or carriage by means of cranks. The frame which forins
the carriage is preferably constructed of iron mounted on two large wheels which
carry nearly the whole weight of the plough and which by means of a rod can be
steered from behind, the tail part of the frame resting on a small swivelling wheel
or preferably on a swivelling davit which I have found to answer better than a
caster wheel as it acts as a drag when turning at the ends when both sets of
ploughs are clear of the ground.
The frame carries one or more (preferably two) sets of cranks one set in the
front and another at the back, each set of cranks working on bars bolted to the
frame; the cranks for each plough are connected together by a connecting rod
each back crank being provided with an operating lever; the outer ends of the
cranks are fastened to the beams to which are fixed the tines which carry the
shares.
By this arrangement each plough may be raised or lowered independently of the
other by operating either the right or left hand handle or lever as the case may be
at the same time that the ploughs balance one another. The ploughs are connected
in front by means of a draught bar on which is a sliding ring to which the draught
chain is attached this sliding ring allows the draught chain to slide from one side
to the other according to which set of ploughs is at work, sliding stops with set
screws being provided to hold the sliding ring in its working positions.
The draught bar or whiffle tree is carried in a holder keyed to the front cross
bolt of the beams, the ends of the draught bar fitting in swivelling collars
fastened to the front ends of the holders which will allow the draught bar to
automatically adjust itself to the changing levels of the ploughs. The plough is
provided with the usual handles bolted to the frame and having catches for
catching the operating levers when pulled down to raise the plough.
In order to enable my Invention to be better understood I will proceed to
describe the same by reference to the accompanying Drawing in which Figure 1, is
a side elevation and Figure 2, a plan of a plough constructed according to my
present improvements. Similar letters in all the Figures represent similar parts.
A, A, represent the frame or carriage constructed of two pieces of angle iron bolted
together by the two cross bars B, B¹; D, D, are the two large wheels on which the
frame A, is mounted; S, is the rod for steering the plough from behind; the said
rod communicates with the shaft of the two wheels D, allowing of turning the
wheels slightly in either direction, a great advantage in hill-side work-and giving
great command over the plough; E, is the swivelling davit on which the tail
part of the frame rests; or a swivelling wheel may be employed in place of
the davit E; C, C, are the set of cranks at the front of the frame and C', C',
are the set of cranks at the back of the frame; the said cranks work on the
bars B, and B, and are connected together by the connecting rods A¹, A';
K, K, are the operating levers fixed to the back cranks C', C', and serving to
raise and lower the shares; F, F, are the two longitudinal beams of the,

page_text: share frames or ploughs suspended from the frame A, by the cranks C, C, and
C, C', to the outer ends of which they are fastened and to which beams the tines
which carry the shares I, and the conlters H, are fixed as shewn or they may be
fixed in any other suitable manner; the said beams are connected together by the
cross bars G, G, G. By this arrangement it will be evident that if either of the
levers K, be pulled down its corresponding cranks C, and C¹ will be partly rotated
and will thereby raise the share frame or plough F, and with it the coultors and
shares connected thereto, and while the ploughs balance one another either may be
raised or lowered independently of the other. L, L, are catches of suitable
construction on the ordinary plough handles M, M, which serve to retain the levers
K, K, and keep the ploughs raised clear of the ground; N, N, are chains connected
to the operating levers K, for the purpose of regulating the height of the ploughs
and consequently the depth to which the shares enter the ground; T, T, are gauge
wheels for gauging the width of the front furrows. O, is the draught bar or whiffle
tree connecting the ploughs together in front; O¹ is the sliding ring to which the
chain and crook P are attached by which the plough is drawn; the ring O', slides
from one side to the other according to which set of ploughs is at work so as to
automatically change the draught as the plough turns that the pull may be from
the side at work; Q, Q, are the sliding stops provided with set screws for stopping
the ring O, at the desired place and serving to lightly retain it; R, R, are the
holders or carriers for connecting the draught bar or whiffle trec O; these holders
are keyed to the front cross bolts G, of the beams F, of the ploughs; the ends of
the draught bar fit in swivelling collars fastened to the front ends of the holders R,
and thus allow the draught bar or whiffle tree to automatically adjust itself to the
varying levels of the ploughs.
In the Drawing I have only shewn two beams F, F, for each plough but
this number may vary according to the number of furrows to be ploughed
and I do not confine myself to the precise form of cranks C, and C', and
levers K, K, shewn in the Drawing as other forms may be found to answer
equally as well. When my improvements are applied to steam ploughs I employ
in place of the hereinbefore described whiffle tree, two cranked levers one to each
plough and so formed that the pull of the slack rope is communicated to the cranks
of the opposite plough by which it is lifted out of the ground; by placing the
cranks C and C² in the reverse way to that shewn in the Drawing this oporation
would be simplified and the plough lifting backward would lift out of the ground
in an easier manner. A large steering wheel would be placed behind instead of
the before described swivelling wheel or davit and the pull of the slack rope could
be made also to turn this wheel for turning at the ends. A seat for the steersman
would also be provided. The side ploughs could be so arranged as to be taken off
and turned up for travelling so as to pass through gateways. Figure 3, is a part plan
slicwing a modification of the arrangement for mounting the two large wheels D, D.
In this modification the frame A, may be formed of one piece of
shaped
iron; C, C, and C', C', are the cranks as before described and D, D, are the
two large wheels which are here shewn mounted on a straight axle d, to the
centre of which is fixed the sweep e, a similar sweep piece is fixed to the under
part of the beam A, and rests on e, similarly to the wheel plate of a waggon. A
perch bolt f, passes down through the centre of A, and the centre of the axle d.
The two wheels D, D, are placed between the beams of the ploughs and have a
slight (though sufficient) sweep round the centre or perch bolt f, (as shown by the
dotted lines) for steering by the rod S. The inside beam of each plough h, h, will
require to be curved at X, X, so as not to be stopped by the axle d, and prevent
the shares entering sufficiently into the ground.
Having thus described my said Invention and the best means I am acquainted
with for carrying the same into effect I would have it understood that I do not
confine myself to the precise details of construction herein laid down and shewn in
the Drawing as these may be varied without departing from the peculiar character
of my Invention but what I do claim is.

page_text: Firstly. The improved plough constructed and operating substantially in the
manner herein before described and represented in the accompanying Drawing
either for horse or other power.
Secondly. The improved method herein described of suspending one or mors sets
of ploughs on each side of the carriage by means of cranks the said carriage being
mounted on large wheels substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore
described and represented in the accompanying Drawing.
Thirdly. The employment, for the purpose of lifting the ploughs, of levers and
connecting rods such as K, and A', arranged and operating substantially in the
manner herein before described and represented in the accompanying Drawing.
Fourthly. The employment in a plough constructed as hereinbefore described of
a swivelling davit in the manner and for the purposes hereinbefore described and
represented in the accompanying Drawing.
Fifthly. The methods herein described of mounting the plough frames on large
wheels to allow of the plough being steered from the back substantially in the
manner hereinbefore described and represented in the accompanying Drawings.
Sixthly. The method of fastening the whiffle tree to the ploughs by the
employment of holders R, in combination with stop catches for retaining the
draught chain, substantially in the manner and for the purposes heroin before
described and represented in the accompanying Drawing.
In witness whereof I the said Edmund George Lakeman have hereto set
my hand and seal this Sixteenth day of August in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and eighty two.
תזגורות
ARODA TAZAT