matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER, CARD, AND PASTEBOARD
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by François Barthelemy Loubatières
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 18th March 1857.
I, FRANÇOIS BARTHELEMY LOUBATIÈRES, of Agen (France), Merchant, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF PAPER, CARD, AND PASTEBOARD," to be as follows:-
The Invention has for its object the manufacture of paper, card, or paste-
board, of much greater strength than the said articles made by any of the
hitherto known processes, and offering at the same time better security
against forgeries in documents written thereon.
The Invention consists in manufacturing paper, card, or pasteboard of alter-
nate layers of any suitable paper pulp, and any suitable tissue, so as to make
the whole form one solid body; the layer or layers of tissue, as well as those
of the pulp, may be suitably coloured, or receive any suitable chemical sub-
stances, and have impresssions or other conspicuous marks for preventing
forgeries.
AN IMPROVED BAND OR CORD TO BE EMPLOYED FOR DISTENDING OR EXPANDING SKIRTS OR SIMILAR WEARING APPAREL
Year: 1857

page_text: nis Invent
rotection,
to proceed
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Gray, at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents with his Petition, on the 21st September, 1857.
I, ROBERT GRAY, of Sheffield, in the County of York, Draper, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention for "AN IMPROVED BAND OR CORD
TO BE EMPLOYED FOR DISTENDING OR EXPANDING SKIRTS OR SIMILAR WEARING
APPAREL," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in the application of bands or strips of untempered
steel in combination with a band of plaited straw, chip, &c., for the purpose of
expanding or extending skirts, &c., to which they may be sewn or otherwise
attached, or worn loosely and detached. The steel band is either inserted in
the plait or braid of straw or at the side or face, both being encased and
bound together by an external covering of yarn or thread, plaited, braided,
or woven around them, forming together the elastic band or strip. By the
employment and application of straw, chip, or other substitute in combination
with a band of steel, I am enabled to use such steel band in a soft untem-
pered state, as by means of the band of straw it is rendered as efficient as,
and an economical substitute for, the tempered steel bands or springs at
present employed for such purposes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METAL TYPE, AND THE ARRANGEMENT OF THE SAME FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL
SPECIFICATION
left by Uriah Scott and Frederic
Holdway at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 12th January 1857.
We, URIAH SCOTT, of Camden Town, Civil Engineer, and FREDERIC
HOLDWAY, of Bayswater, both in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
METAL TYPE, AND THE ARRANGEMENT OF THE SAME FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES," to be
as follows:-
First, the improvements consist of making metal type with projecting points
from the face or usual printing surface of the type, so that when impressed on
paper or other material without ink, they will perforate the paper or other
material and leave the paper or other material pierced with the shape of each
type or letter; and when the type is used with ink, the face of the type will
print and the points will perforate at the same time the paper or other
material.
Secondly, the improvements consist of making a drum or wheel combined
with a ink roller or brush, so as to ink the type round the wheel or drum and
the printing surface of the type forming the periphery of the wheel or drum,
and rolling it over the paper or other material; it will print and perforate at
the same time when ink is used.
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF STEREOSCOPE
Year: 1857

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas John Taylor at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th February
1857.
I, THOMAS JOHN TAYLOR, of Sekforde Street, Clerkenwell, in the County
of Middlesex, Jewel Case Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF STEREOSCOPE," to be as..
follows:-
This Invention relates to the application to stereoscopes of a reflecting
surface, which will enable opaque photographic pictures to be viewed with
greater ease, and seen with greater clearness than where the ordinary con-
struction of stereoscope is employed. For this purpose, I apply to the.
under surface of the hinged door of the stereoscope a plane or concave
mirror, (preferring the use of silvered glass,) and the door thus provided I
set at any required angle with respect to the plane of the photographic
pictures, by means of a quadrant, arc, or other suitable contrivance, in order
that the reflecting surface may receive the light and transmit it to the surface
of the double picture. Or, I apply to the stereoscope a fixed surface or
screen, instead of a movable one, provided with a plane or concave reflector..
By this arrangement not only will the picture be more clearly seen than
heretofore, but the spectator when using the stereoscope will not require
to stoop in order to permit the rays of light to strike, directly upon the
picture.
IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR CONVERTING PLASTIC SUBSTANCES INTO SPHERICAL FORMS OR BALLS
Year: 1857

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Richard Handley Thomas at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 30th
March 1857.
I, RICHARD HANDLEY THOMAS, of Kidsgrove, in the County of Stafford,
Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED
MACHINERY FOR CONVERTING PLASTIC SUBSTANCES INTO SPHERICAL FORMS OR BALLS,'
to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a novel arrangement of machinery, whereby
plastic substances are first rolled into a cylindrical form and then cut up into
small pieces, which pieces are converted into round balls. In a strong frame
I mount a pair of smooth rollers, which I gear together, so as to drive them
in opposite directions and with different surface speeds. These rollers are for
drawing down the plastic compound fed into the machine by a pair of feed
rollers or by hand, and turning it over during its downward movement
between the rolling surfaces, by which means the plastic mass is reduced to a
cylindrical form. Below these rollers I mount a pair of metal rollers, which
are driven in like manner, and have rings of semicircular or other suitably
shaped grooves turned on their periphery. These rollers receive the compound
as it falls from the smooth rollers, and sever it into small pieces, which are

page_text: then severally acted upon by the rotating semicircular grooved surfaces, and
quickly reduced to the form of balls and discharged from the machine. A
fixed guard is provided to prevent the leading grooved roller from carrying
round the moulded balls, in case any should adhere to its surface. When I
use feed rollers I propose to give them an intermittent action, so that they
may deliver the material slowly on to a slanting board or travelling apron,
upon which I cause a knife to descend and cut off portions equal to one feed,
which portions are then discharged in succession on. to or between the smooth
rollers.
CERTAIN IMPROVE- MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CARDING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Rothwell Arrowsmith and
Robert Caunce at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 3rd June 1857.
We, PETER ROTHWELL ARROWSMITH, of Bolton-le-Moors, in the County of
Lancaster, Cotton Spinner, and ROBERT CAUNCE, of the same Place, Manager,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CARDING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be
as follows:-
This Invention relates to those machines for carding, known as "Evan
Leigh's patent carding engines." In the machines of this description an
endless chain of top cards is taken over segmental guides and suitable guide
pulleys. These top cards are ground while passing over a flat plate; con-
sequently the teeth of each top card form a plain surface. Our Invention
consists, first, in supporting the top cards when being ground in segmental
shaped guides, and we prefer to make these segmental guides of the same
radius as those that support the top. cards while passing around the main
cylinder of the carding engine; by this means the teeth of the top cards are
set to the same or nearly the same radius as the circumference of the main
cylinder, and consequently a greater contact surface is obtained between the
main cylinder and the top cards; the bevil now required on the top cards is
dispensed with.

page_text: Another part of our Invention consists in raising the chain of top cards
above the main cylinder, and in stripping the top cards before they are again
brought into contact with the main cylinder. The flyings and dirt are
collected in a trough placed between the stripping instrument and the main
cylinder.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Burrows at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th February
1857.
I, JAMES BURROWs, of Wigan, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of my said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
STEAM ENGINES," to be as follows:-
My Invention may be adapted to steam engines in general, and is par-
ticularly applicable to all kinds of condensing engines, especially such as are
employed for the purposes of marine navigation.
My improvements consist in the novel application, employment, or use of a
refrigerating apparatus, to be suitably arranged in connection with the air pump
and the condenser, for the purpose of cooling the water used for injection into
the condenser after it has passed through the condenser and air pump, so
that I am enabled continuously to use the same water over and over again (in
its distilled state), a portion of which water is being constantly supplied to the
boilers, generated into steam, and after passing through the engine is con-
densed in the usual way, and thereby preventing as much as possible any
change in the water after the boilers and cooling apparatus have been once
supplied with pure water, and consequently considerably diminishing or pre-
venting the evils arising from the effect of deposit or incrustation.
The

page_text: refrigerating apparatus may proceed from a receiver or chamber in connection
with the air pump (or direct from the discharge of the air pump) as a con-
tinuous coil of piping, sufficiently long to ensure the required. degree of cooling,
such coil of pipes passing through a chamber or stream of cold water, and thus
the injection water within the coil of pipes will be cooled by conduction, with-
out being exposed to evaporation or allowed to flow away, the water being led
or conducted (after cooling) again to the condenser for injection, and so on
continuously.
It will be evident that the form, construction, or particular arrange-
ment of this refrigerating or cooling apparatus may be varied to suit the
several circumstances and situations wherein it may be applied and employed,
the above described being the simplest, and, perhaps, the most generally
applicable arrangement of the same.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CONSUMING GAS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Hansor at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 4th April 1857.
I, JAMES HANSOR, of Barnes, in the County of Surrey, Practical Chemist,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR CONSUMING GAS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates, firstly, to a mode of adjusting the supply of air to
Argand gas burners to suit various pressures and qualities of gas. To effect
this object I mount the deflector loosely on a central stem, which stands up from
the arms of the burner, and this stem I tap with a coarse thread to receive
the deflector and permit of its being raised and lowered as desired. By this
means I am enabled to enlarge or reduce the chamber of air formed by the
cylinder of flame and the deflector, and so to determine the supply of oxygen to
the exact amount required to ensure the perfect combustion of the gas. The
under side of the deflector I propose to make bright either by using a polished
surface of metal or an enamel that will stand the action of heat.
In order to facilitate the adjustment of the gas cock to the requirements of
the consumer or the capacity of the burner, I propose to apply a pointer
thereto, and to attach an index to the supply pipe, by which means the
attendant will be enabled to adjust the cock of the burner to any required
position, and thus ensure a proper supply of gas thereto.
A COMPOSITION TO BE USED AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR BEESWAX
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Jean Michel Moireau at.
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd December 1857.
I, CHARLES JEAN MICHEL MOIREAU, Merchant, of 23, Avenue de la Porte
Maillot, Passy, near Paris, France, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "A COMPOSITION TO BE USED AS A SUBSTITUTE FOR BEESWAX," to
be as follows:-
This new product is a dry rubbing wax that has the property of the wax of
the bees, and can replace it for the uses for which the same is employed.
My Invention consists in the employment for its manufacture of greasy,
vegetable, or animal matters which I mix with rosin. I make this mixture
in certain determined proportions, varying for the greasy substance or rosin I
employ. The product obtained may be afterwards bleached by chemical and
other agents known in the arts.
In order to convert the fat and resinous substances into wax, I proceed,
say, as follows:-
I begin by purifying the rosin. I pour into a boiler of suitable size, firstly,
water, and when that boils I add the rosin and leave the mixture boiling to
get rid of the volatile oil therefrom. I then somewhat reduce the heat, adding
by degrees to the substance, either tartaric or citric acid, or nitric acid diluted

page_text: with water; tho whole is then well mixed. After a short time I completely
shut off the heat and allow it to cool. Afterwards I mix with this purified
rosin the vegetable wax known under the name of carnanba or myrica
cerifera of the Brazils, and palm oil, melting them together by the aid of
moderate heat, preferring steam for this purpose. I also prefer to keep the
whole a long time subject to the beat, in order that any moisture remaining
in the rosin in consequence of the first operation may be completely evaporated.
I colour with a solution of arnotto or other suitable matter. I afterwards
proceed to the moulding, which I effect, by preference, in moulds of tinned
iron each having the required form of the cakes of beeswax. The moulds I
previously heat to about the same degree as the substance; this latter is fit to
be moulded when a light skin is forming itself on its surface. The operation
of moulding I effect very promptly, and I immediately put the moulds in a
stove heated, say to about 60° to 70° centigrade. The cakes of wax should
not be taken from the moulds till they are thoroughly cool, otherwise they
will be liable to break.
This wax is applicable to the dry rubbing of rooms in encaustic or inlay, for
polishing goods of cast iron, &c.
When I use tallow or grease instead of palm oil, I cause them to be melted
in combination with sulphuric acid, pressed, and again melted with alcohol,
and I continue the process as before, with some variations.
I do not, however, confine myself to these details, as they may be varied.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COLLARS AND WRISTBANDS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Crawley at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 16th February
1857.
I, JOHN CRAWLEY, the elder, of the firm of Crawley & Son, of Wood
Street, Cheapside, in the City of London, Collar Manufacturer, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN COLLARS AND
WRISTBANDS," be as follows:-
My Invention of improvements in collars and wristbands relates to an
improved method of applying additional thicknesses of materials to these
articles, for the purpose of strengthening and stiffening the same at certain
parts, leaving certain other parts more yielding and weaker, so that they will
admit of the article being folded down or creased at such parts, if required by
the wearer.
My Invention also relates to a novel method of securing the upper edge of
the article, so that it may be more durable, and at the same time ornamental.
Additional thicknesses of material have been applied to collars and wrist-
bands, by placing one or more thicknesses as a lining between the outer parts,
which form the cover or body of the article; such lining or placing of
thicknesses between the outer covers of the articles is, however, open to
serious objections, and I therefore propose to attach the additional thicknesses
of material outside the covers or body, so that the two thicknesses of material

page_text: which form the body of the collar or wristband will be in juxtaposition,
instead of being separated by the additional thickness of the lining as
heretofore.
To secure the upper edge I cut one of the pieces (which form the body of
the collar or wristband) of a larger size than the other, so as to admit of the 5
former being folded over the edge of the article and stitched down on the
opposite side. If this be done with neatness the appearance of the article
will be improved, and the edge perfectly smooth and flat, and not liable to
ravel out, as is now frequently the case.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR LOWERING AND STOPPING ANCHOR CHAINS ON BOARD SHIPS, AND FOR OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Williams at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,. on the 13th February
1857.
I, JOHN WILLIAMS, of Port Madoc, in the County of Carnarvon, North
Wales, Ship-smith, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR LOWERING AND STOPPING ANCHOR CHAINS
ON BOARD SHIPS, AND FOR OTHER SIMILAR PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of a new method of stopping and making fast chains
and ropes, more particularly anchor or other cables on board ships.
I propose placing my apparatus betwixt the hause pipe or hauser hole and
windlass at the same angle as the chain when tight. By referring to the
accompanying Drawings, in which similar letters represent the same parts in
the different views, a full explanation will be obtained.
Fig. 1 is a side elevation; Fig. 2 is a plan or birds'-eye view; and Fig 8
is a sectional elevation.
a represents the drum, through which passes a strong spindle, allowing the
drum to revolve freely, and which is fastened at each side to a framing which
forms the guides b; at the other end of these is fixed the chain c; this chain
is attached to the pulley d.
In Fig. 3 the chain is shewn as stopped, but by turning the lever E into the
position as shewn in Fig. 2 the chain will pass freely out; thus, by turning
the lever into the position before mentioned the drum a and framing 6 are

page_text: drawn up the inclined plane f; the whole is kept in this position by the catch
g which butts against the outside framing; when enough of chain has been
payed out, it is only necessary to turn the lever into the position shewn
in Figs. 1 & 3, and it is instantly stopped. In a storm my stopper is of
great use when raising the anchor; it often happens when a vessel is tossing
that every sea causes such a jerk that nearly as much chain slipps off the
windlass as has been gained. I propose as a remedy for this that the anchor
be raised with the stopper in the position shewn in Figs. 1 & 3, so that when
the vessel pitches no chain can escape; this also allows the workman at the
capstan or windlass to work without feeling the sudden shock they are subject
to by the present method.
My apparatus is made of cast iron or other metal, strongly hooped with
malleable iron bars; the other parts are of proportionate strength; the whole
is very strong, and bolted to the deck with screw bolts and nuts.
The peculiarities of my Invention consist in, first, its instantaneous action,
which gives it a great advantage over those now in use, as from their con-
struction it occurs often that more chain has been let out than wanted, which
length of chain has to be regained by labour; second, its construction, so that
the greater the strain the more tight it will hold; it is also very strong from
the way in which the slides fill up the space betwixt the inclined plane or
groove and top part of the casting, which makes the pressure equal on those
parts and on the lower end; and, third, its easy adaptation to all vessels.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN FINISHING A CERTAIN DESCRIPTION OF FUSTIANS CALLED " DIAGONALS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Mayo Worrall at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th February
1857.
I, JOHN MAYO WORRALL, of Salford, in the County of Lancaster, Dyer
and Finisher, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVEMENT IN FINISHING A CERTAIN DESCRIPTION OF FUSTIANS CALLED
" DIAGONALS," be as follows:-
The improvement consists in "finishing" such goods in a similar manner to
"beaverteens," and is effected by "raising" the surface by the operation of
ordinary machinery employed for that purpose, and afterwards "shearing" the
surface of the fabric so "raised," so as to present a velvet finish on such par-
ticular class of fustian goods.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN FIRE-ARMS
Year: 1857

page_text: nus invention received rounonal Protection, out nouce proceed
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hugh Smith and Frederick Moore
Smith at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 14th July 1857.
We, Huan SMITH and FREDERICK MOORE SMITH, both of Porchester
Square, in the County of Middlesex, Gentlemen, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN FIRE-ARMS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in fitting to ordinary guns a nipple so constructed
that upon the hammer striking it it shall be forced into the barrel and bo
made to penetrate the cartridge sufficiently to cause the discharge thereof.
A spring comes into play upon the hammer being withdrawn from the nipple,
and restores the nipple to its proper position for enabling a fresh charge to bo
received in the barrel. In order to provide against any want of action in the
spring we form the front of that part of the nipple which descends into the
barrel with a cutting edge. By the employment of nipples constructed as
above described the end of the cartridge will not require to be bitten off or
removed, as is now necessary, before being placed in the barrel.
AN IMPROVED SPRING AND APPLIANCES (FOR CARRIAGES AND VEHICLES), WHICH CAN ALSO BE ADAPTED TO USE ON SHIPBOARD, OR OTHERWISE, TO MAINTAIN THE EQUILIBRIUM OF ARTICLES PLACED ON A PLATFORM PROVIDED WITH THE SAID IMPROVED SPRINGS AND APPLIANCES
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Watson Savage at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
September 1857.
I, ROBERT WATSON SAVAGE, of Saint James' Square, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, Patent Spring Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "AN IMPROVED SPRING AND APPLIANCES (FOR CARRIAGES AND VEHICLES),
WHICH CAN ALSO BE ADAPTED TO USE ON SHIPBOARD, OR OTHERWISE, TO MAINTAIN THE
EQUILIBRIUM OF ARTICLES PLACED ON A PLATFORM PROVIDED WITH THE SAID IMPROVED
SPRINGS AND APPLIANCES," to be as follows:-
Instead of hanging carriages or vehicles on springs of the known kinds, I
take suitable rope or cord of wire, or other sufficiently pliable material, and I
stretch this to any required tension between standards applied beneath the
body of the carriage or vehicle, or in other convenient position; the
tension being regulated by stretcher hooks sustained by the standards applied
to each end of the rope, which can be tightened or slackened by screw
nuts, or otherwise; this rope works upon a friction wheel or wheels secured
beneath or above the axle of the carriage wheel, the rope being confined to
the wheel or wheels, which axle may be allowed a very little play backwards
and forwards, as well as the usual up-and-down motion; and two ropes may
be used, one passing under and the other over the friction wheel or wheels.
Each axle sustaining two wheels will have the above arrangement in duplicate.
With regard to the platform for maintaining equilibrium, in applying these

page_text: springs thereto, it will be necessary to so arrange the springs and rollers or
friction wheels beneath the platform, that they act up and down, sideways, and
fore-and-aft.
In order to draw and back from the axle, I have an iron or irons secured
to the axle, and projecting forwards, with hooks close to the back part of the
ordinary shafts, to which hooks the horses are to be attached by the traces, or
otherwise. In pole carriages there will be a suitable "perch" and appliances,
and the horses will be connected direct with the axles. The above is a
description of the nature of this Invention, the details whereof may be varied
in practice.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU- FACTURE OF SULPHURIC ACID, AND IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS USED FOR SUCH MANUFACTURE
Year: 1857

page_text: by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Gossage at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th January
1857.
I, WILLIAM GOSSAGE, of Widnes, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANU-
FACTURE OF SULPHURIC ACID, AND IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS USED FOR
SUCH MANUFACTURE," to be as follows:-
Sulphuric acid has hitherto been manufactured in apparatus consisting of
large rectangular chambers constructed of sheet lead supported by framework
of timber. In these constructions it has been found most convenient to make
such chambers of much greater dimensions horizontally than as respects the
height, also to conduct the gases used in such manufacture through the
chambers employed in the direction of their horizontal length.
I have discovered that much advantage arises in the manufacture of sul-
phuric acid when the height of the chambers employed is greatly increased,
and the proportionate horizontal area diminished, also when the gases employed
are caused to pass through the chambers vertically, either upwards or down-
wards, or both. I have also found it advantageous to employ showers of liquid
sulphuric acid, or of liquid nitro-sulphuric acid, or of water in such chambers
falling from the upper part thereof to assist in mixing and condensing gases

page_text: contained in such chambers, and thereby promoting the formation of sulphuric
acid from such gases.
The construction of sulphuric acid chambers, having greatly increased
height as compared with those hitherto used, increases the efficiency of such
showers of acid or of water in promoting the mixing and condensing of such
gases; I also promote the mixing of such gases by the introduction of jets or
currents of atmospheric air, or of steam, or of both steam and air moving at
high velocity into such sulphuric acid chambers.
My Invention also comprizes the combined use of towers containing coke or
other suitable material in conjunction with chambers for the manufacture of
sulphuric acid, one or more of such towers being used for the absorption by
means of strong sulphuric acid of nitrous gas or nitrous acid from the un-
condensed gases passing off from such chambers in the ordinary course of
manufacture, and another or more of such towers being used for the preparation
of strong sulphuric acid by the evaporative action of hot sulphurous acid gas
passing through such tower or towers.
I also employ in the construction of sulphuric acid chambers certain natural
siliceous sandstones, or other suitable stones of somewhat porous quality, the
pores of which stones are previously filled up by immersing the same in melted
sulphur or other suitable melted material, and allowing the same to soak
therein during a sufficient period of time.
IMPROVED MACHINERY FOR CRUSHING LAND OR CLODS
Year: 1857

page_text: This invention received Provisional Protection, out
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Penford Harvey at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
4th April 1857.
I, JOHN PENFORD HARVEY, of Spalding, in the County of Lincoln, Miller,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED MACHINERY
FOR CRUSHING LAND OR CLODS," to be as follows:-
My Invention of improved machinery for crushing land or clods consists in
mounting two, three, or more sets of discs (with corrugated or indented edges)
on one common shaft, each set of discs being independent of the others. The
individual discs of each set are all mounted loosely on the shaft, but they cannot
revolve independent of each other, as they are all connected together by loose
clutches, which will, however, admit of their having a separate motion of about
half an inch or so on the shaft for the sake of enabling them to clear away clods
or earth that may stick in the interstices between the discs. The discs are
arranged in such a manner on the shaft that the projections of each are opposite
to or in front of the indentations of the adjoining ones. By means of this
arrangement or construction of parts, clods or lumps of earth may be more
effectually pulverized, and the land levelled in a better manner than with clod
crushers of the ordinary construction. The shafts of the implement are also
bent and adapted to the roller in such a manner that the line of draught may
be from the axle of the roller to the horse's shoulder instead of being allowed
to press on his chest.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE PRESSURE AND SUPPLY OF GAS
Year: 1857

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Edwin Marten, of Pratt's Row, Phipps' Bridge,
Mitcham, in the County of Surrey, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE PRESSURE AND SUPPLY OF GAS."
Sealed the 29th September 1857, and dated the 21st April 1857.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edwin Marten at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
21st April 1857.
I, EDWIN MARTEN, of Pratt's Row, Phipps' Bridge, Mitcham, in the
County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR REGULATING THE PRESSURE AND SUPPLY OF GAS,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for regulating
the pressure and supply of gas. For these purposes, the supply pipe com-
municates with a chamber having one side connected by flexible gas-tight
material, in such manner that the moveable side may be able to move to and
fro freely, according to the pressure of the gas in the chamber. With this
chamber the continuation of the supply pipe is attached. There is a valve
which is capable of sliding over the inlet passage to the chamber, so as to
cover it more or less, and its movement depends on the movement of the

page_text: moveable side of the chamber, the valve being connected to such moveable
side of the chamber. In order to regulate the pressure of the supply of gas,
the moveable side of the chamber is acted on by one end of a weighted lever,
and according as the weight is varied in its position on the lever, so will be the
pressure of the gas supplied. This apparatus may be applied to and used in a
gas meter, or it may be applied to the supply pipe separate from a meter.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ROASTING MEAT
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd January
1857. A communication from Perrin de Musigny, of Dijon, in the
Empire of France, Merchant.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of 166, Buchanan Street, in the City of Glasgow, North
Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ROASTING MEAT," a communication from
Perrin de Musigny, of Dijon, in the Empire of France, Merchant, to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in constructing apparatus for roasting meat in such
a manner that the rotatory motion of the spit will impart a reciprocating
movement to a basting ladle, by which means the meat is kept constantly
well basted so long as the spit is in operation.
In carrying out this Invention various mechanical contrivances may obviously
be employed for transmitting the desired motion from the spit to the basting
ladle. As an example of one mode of effecting this, a disc may be fixed on the
spit and furnished with a number of radiating pins or arms projecting out from
its periphery, which arms as the spit revolves press successively against a cam
on a short rocking shaft, to which is fixed the handle of the basting ladle. As
the cam is depressed the ladle is raised from the drippin pan (which may be

page_text: furnished with a well for collecting the dripping), and carries with it a certain
quantity of dripping, which on arriving at the top of its course it empties into
a perforated receptacle placed immediately over the spit, and consequently the
dripping is allowed to descend in the form of a shower on to the roasting meat.
The tipping over of the ladle may be effected by connecting it by a short lever
to the main handle, and when the tail of this lever strikes a stop pin it instantly
tips over the ladle. In order to prevent the sudden descent of the ladle, the
cam is of a suitable shape, and the arms are sufficiently near together to allow
of one arm just coming into action before the preceding one has quite left the
cam.
This arrangement of self-acting basting apparatus may be applied to all kinds
of roasting apparatus where spits are employed, and a horizontal spit with a
similar apparatus may be easily fitted to small roasting apparatus, such as
Dutch ovens.
Im- PROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF INDIA-RUBBER BY A NEW PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF A CHRYSTALINE AND COLOURLESS VARNISH FOR WATERPROOFING ALL KINDS OF TEXTILE FABRICKS AND PAPERS WITHOUT SMELL, AND WITHOUT IN ANY DEGREE ALTERING THEIR APPEARANCE, AND FOR MAKING DIVERS VARNISHES AND PAINTS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Blizzard at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 17th December
1857.
1. WILLIAM BLIZZARD, 14. Victoria Terrace. Notting Hill, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF INDIA-RUBBER BY A NEW PROCESS FOR THE
MANUFACTURE OF A CHRYSTALINE AND COLOURLESS VARNISH FOR WATERPROOFING
ALL KINDS OF TEXTILE FABRICKS AND PAPERS WITHOUT SMELL, AND WITHOUT IN
ANY DEGREE ALTERING THEIR APPEARANCE, AND FOR MAKING DIVERS VARNISHES AND
PAINTS," to be as follows:-
I proceed, first. by taking any of the rezinous spirits, as naptha, camphine.
turpentine, rozin, benzene, also caoutchine. &c., &c. I dissolve the india-
rubber or caoutchouc, and so act upon the compound as to produce a
chrystaline solution of india-rubber or caoutchouc which call a varnish.
and on which, if required for particular purposes, still further operate for
the purpose of decolourizing, obtaining thereby a chrystaline colourless
solution of india-rubber or caoutchouc for waterproofing purposes and for
making varnishes & paints.
Secondly, after having prepared the textile fabricks and papers, I then apply
this chrystaline colourless solution or varnish. by which they are rendered
waterproof and scentless without injury to the colour. and without in any
degree altering their appearance and suppleness.
Price 81

page_text: Thirdly, take any of the ordinary varnish or spirit gums in use. as copal.
mastic, animi, damar. amoniacum, lac, shellac, sandrack. &c. &c., and unite
them in what proportion may be desired with the varnish in order to obtain
a varnish for iron and other metals, woods, stone, leather, papers. glass.
gilding, for preserving marble, stone, cements, distemper. &c. &c. from injury
by water and from the inclemency of the weather.
Fourthly. I propose also to use it as a medium for colours both mineral
& vegetable to make a paint or paints for carriages, for structures of any
kind, inside and out, for wood, stone, glass. leather. cloths. papers. &c. &c.
Having thus stated the nature of my Invention. and named the purposes
and objects to which it may be applied. I claim only for that part of the
foregoing which relates to the making of a chrystaline and colourless solution
or varnish from india-rubber or caoutchone. and for applying the same to all
kinds of textile fabricks and papers in such manner as to render them water
proof and scentless withom affecting their colour, and without in any degree
altering their appearance and suppleness.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-PLACES OR STOVES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Young at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th August
1857.
I, WILLIAM YOUNG, of Queen Street, in the City of London, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-PLACES OR
STOVES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in improvements in fire-places or stoves. For
these purposes two circles of fire bars are used horizontally, to form the
bottom of a fire-place or stove. The two circles are constructed to move
or are geared together. The coals are contained in a hopper at the back of
the fire-place, the circles of fire bars forming the bottom of such hopper as
well as the bottom of the fire-place. The lower part of the back of the fire-
place or stove does not descend so as to come in contact with the fire bars at
the bottom, but a space is left between such bars and the lower edge of the
back through which the fresh coal is brought at intervals by the revolution of
the rotating circles of bars, and the coal as it is so brought in is prevented
passing the cheeks or sides of the fire-place or stove, by reason of such cheeks
or sides descending so as to come nearly in contact with the fire bars, by
which construction the fresh coal will be brought in under the ignited coal, and
will raise such ignited coal in the basket or grate of the stove or fire-place.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DISTRIBUTING SAND ON RAILWAY RAILS
Year: 1857

page_text: (This Invention received Provisional Protection, but notice to proceed with the
application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Hoy at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th February
1857.
I, JOSEPH HOY, senior, of Islington, in the County of Middlesex, Stone
Mason, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR DISTRIBUTING SAND ON RAILWAY RAILS," to be. as
follows:-
My said improvements consist in arrangements of levers and valves con-
nected with suitable sand boxes attached to the locomotives, or other vehicles
of railway trains, for distributing sand with greater precision than can be at
present attained.
The sand box acts as a hopper to contain the sand, and is supplied at bottom
with a pipe, above which, under the box, is a horizontal slide worked by a wire
or rod connected with levers.
The slide or valve covers oblong, round, or other shaped apertures, and is
made self-acting by a spring regulated by a notched handle, or similar means,
for graduating the delivery of the sand for distribution through the pipe on to
the rail.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES POR CLEANING AND POLISHING KNIVES
Year: 1857

page_text: on
by the Act.)
was not given within
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Stettinius Clark at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th May 1857.-A communication from James Wilcox, of the City of
Philadelphia, United States.
I, WILLIAM STETTINIUS CLARK, of 133, High Holborn, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINES POR CLEANING AND POLISHING KNIVES," (a com-
munication) from James Wilcox, City Philadelphia, United States of America,
to be as follows:-
The nature of the Invention consists in the employment of two elastic
polishing rollers in combination with a stationary trough for the purpose of
cleaning and polishing knives. A frame of cast iron is provided to be secured
to a table or shelf by a set screw, with a trough cast on to the frame for
holding the polishing powder; two revolving rollers arranged one above the
other and over the trough, the lower roller resting on stationary bearings of
the frame. The bearings for the upper roller are formed by hinged levers.
India-rubber springs acted upon by the set screws are employed for giving the
requisite degree of tension. The rollers are formed by providing a shaft
having a fixed circular metallic disc, the space for the cloth being square, and
then sliding a number of ring discs formed of woollen or absorbent substance
over the shaft in quantity sufficient to form a very compact roller, following
which is another metallic disc. The rollers are driven by cog gearing, which
is set in motion by a crank on the shaft of the lower roller.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CHEESE
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Howard and William
Howard at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 4th May 1857.
WC, JOSEPH HOWARD the younger, and WILLIAM HOWARD, both of Market
Place, Leek, in the County of Stafford, Ironmongers, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF
CHEESE," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in adapting to the above-mentioned apparatus a
hollow perforated movable strainer in connection with a tap fixed to the casing
of the apparatus, for the purpose of draining, drawing off, or separating the
whey from the curd. I also employ compound leverage for exerting pressure
upon the curd to express the whey therefrom. The fulcra of the said levers are
pins respectively placed in a piece situated crosswise of the casing of the
apparatus, and another pieco placed vertically against the same.
AN APPARATUS TO BE USED IN CONNECTION WITH CERTAIN DOMESTIC UTENSILS
Year: 1857

page_text: application for Letters Patent was not given within the time prescribed
by the Act.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Smith at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 11th April
1857.
I, CHARLES SMITH, of Holloway, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN APPARATUS TO BE USED IN
CONNECTION WITH CERTAIN DOMESTIC UTENSILS," to be as follows (that is to
say)-
My Invention, which has reference to the construction and employment of
an apparatus to be used in connection with chamber utensils, consists in pro-
viding them with a suitable cover, furnished with an air-tight concavity or
flexible lip passing round the peripheries of the same in such manner as to
hermetically close the vessel, and present a less unsightly appearance than
those at present in use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING THE FEED WATER OF STEAM BOILERS
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the Office-
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd February
1857. A communication from Messieurs Baudouin, Taniturier, and
Richard.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County of
Middlesex, and of 166, Buchanan Street, in the City of Glasgow, North
Britain, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the .said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN HEATING THE FEED WATER OF STEAM BOILERS," a communi-
cation from Messieurs Baudouin, Taniturier, and Richard, foreigners residing
abroad, to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of appa:
ratus for heating the feed water of steam boilers, whereby a saving of fuel is
effected, the pumps rendered less liable to derangement, and other advantages
are derived. The apparatus is placed between the feed pump and the boiler, and
consists of a cylindrical or other suitably shaped reservoir or vessel, containing.
a number of dished plates rivetted together, so as to form a series of steam.
chambers, the water to be heated being contained round these chambers.
At a short distance from the. mouth of each of these steam-heating cham-
bers is fitted a plate, for the purpose of spreading or deflecting the steam
through the interior of each chamber. The waste steam, which is used for
heating the feed water, enters at the top of the apparatus, and after passing.

page_text: through the entire series of chambers escapes by a suitable pipe at the
bottom. A reservoir fitted with a cock is placed under the heating apparatus,
for the purpose of collecting the water,of condensation, and running it off,
when requisite, at intervals.
A test cock may be fitted to the upper end of the apparatus, for the purpose
of testing the heat of the feed as it enters the boiler, the cold water being
pumped into the apparatus from below.
A NEW COMBINED SYSTEM OF PUBLICITY, APPLIED TO BENEFICIENT PURPOSES
Year: 1857

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Remi Nicolas Legendre at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
8th October 1857.
I, REMI NICOLAS LEGENDRE, of Bourbonne-les-Bains, a Town of France,
Abbé and Military Chaplain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "A NEW COMBINED SYSTEM OF PUBLICITY, APPLIED TO BENEFICIENT
PURPOSES."
This system of advertising consists in combining publicity with charity, so
that the efficiency of the former shall be subservient to the latter. This is
obtained by means of an advertising sheet combined with cards or tickets of
discount payable to bearer, which the issuer is bound to accept in part pay-
ment for goods, wages, or other demand.