Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 24th Dec., 1887
Complete Specification Left, 24th Sept., 1888
Complete Specification Accepted, 23rd Mar., 1889
I, TOM CLIFFORD HOGG, of No. 1, Leadenhall Street, in the City of London,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
My invention relates to improvements in petroleum or other hydro-carbon engines
such as are known as the four-cycle type according to which the oil is delivered from
the supply into a small cavity communicating with a port the mouth of which is
formed into a seat for a supply valve fitted with a suitable indicating device for the
guidance of the attendant.
The air supply is led into the wide end of a tapered tube closed at said wide end.
The narrow end of the tube projects into the closed narrow end of a second tapered
tube. Between the said projecting narrow end and the narrow end of the second tube
is left an annular space expanded into an annular ring into which the port above
mentioned as controlled by the supply valve enters.
I provide a spindle with a tapered point which is fixed axially in the first mentioned
taper tube, being supported by the closed end thereof where it is provided with an
adjusting device by means of which it may be made to regulate to sectional area of the
outlet (ie., the narrow end) from the said tube.
The practical effect of the vacuum produced in the above mentioned annulus by the
rush of air through the narrow end of the first mentioned taper tube as a factor in
inducing into the said annulus a supply of oil is facilitated by the formation of a small
port through the supply valve, through which air can be drawn.
As an alternative method of supplying the oil and at the same time regulating the
said supply I sometimes use a flexible metallic cylinder or hose which is actuated
pump-wise by suitable devices which are, preferably, connected to or with the
governor.
It is matter of common experience that the lighting ports of petroleum engines are
coated with soot very quickly and that the accretion thereof proceeds so rapidly that a
practical obstruction of said port is threatened. It has always been considered
necessary to keep the port as clean as possible, lest the ignitions should be interfered
with and the engine stopped.

page_text: A
Now according to my invention I provide a tube preferably of a T-shape connected
to the cylinder in which the soot can collect. This tube is heated by any suitable
means and the resulting incandescence of the soot operates as the lighting agent.
pencil of carbon is sometimes fixed in said tube to replace the said soot. A suitable
valve is provided to be operated by the the piston or in any other convenient
manner.
For the purpose of expelling the products of combustion from the cylinder I provide
a subsidiary piston at the back of the cylinder. This piston is operated by suitable
external mechanism and is furnished with valves which are automatically opened at
the proper moment to allow of the passage through of the said products.
The said external mechanism consists preferably of a push rod actuated by a pair of
cams and rollers carried by a transverse shaft.
For the purpose of preventing loss of thermal energy through the cylinder-walls I
provide an injection pump which delivers a water-spray into tlie cylinder during the
working stroke, and to effect further economy I conduct the air and oil supplies
through a chamber through which the exhaust is led. I do not confine myself to any
particular details in this part of my invention inasmuch as I may use any that are
suitable for the transference of heat from all one gaseous body to another or to a
liquid.
Dated this 24th day of December 1887.
PHILLIPS & LEIGH,
Agents for the Applicant.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Petroleum and other Hydro-carbon Engines.
I, TOM CILFFORD HOGG, of No. 1, Leadenhall Street, in the City of London,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
My invention relates to improvements in that class of petroleum and other hydro-
carbon engines which is known as of the four-cycle type, and consists in improved
devices for mixing the hydrocarbon vapour and air; for regulating the supply thereof
to the cylinder; for igniting the mixture in the cylinder; and for expelling the
products of combustion.
In order that my invention, and the means by which it is to be carried into practical
effect, may be thoroughly understood, I will now describe the same in detail, referring
in so doing to the accompanying drawings, which are to be taken as part of this
Specification and read therewith.
Fig. 1 is a sectional longitudinal elevation showing the piston at the end of one
cycle and ready for commencing the next.
Fig. 2 is a sectional elevation of the exhausting piston and igniting device, showing
the working piston at the end of the exhausting stroke.
Fig. 3 is a sectional elevation of the hydro-carbon-and-air-mixing device.
Fig. 4 is a transverse sectional elevation illustrating the governing mechanism and
igniting device.
A is the hydrocarbon tank constructed within the engine base. 1 prefer that the
capacity of the tank should be equal to a 12-hours consumption. The bottom a slopes
from the filling hole a¹ to the opposite end, where a well a² is formed. B is a strainer
suspended from the tank cover (³.
C is the suction pipe dipping into the well a². It is fitted with a non-return valve c
and a cock c. The latter is provided with a suitable gauge to guide the man-in-charge
in adjusting the supply of combustible. The suction pipe has a coil formed in it where
it is led through the exhaust K if heavy hydro-carbons are used, so that their volatili-
zation may be facilitated by their being exposed to the heat of the exhaust. If light
hydrocarbons are used, the coil device is unnecessary, and the suction pipe is led from
the well to the mixing chamber by the shortest way.
Dis the air-supply pipe. It has formed in it two tapered portions d, d', together
forming the mixing chamber. The narrow end of the former enters the narrow end
of the latter. I form an annular space d' between the two narrow ends, into which
space the suction pipe C is adapted to deliver. The annular passage d³ from the said
space into the mixing chamber is bent, so that it will deliver the hydrocarbon at an
angle of about 90° with the axis of the pipe D.
As the working piston makes its first or inspiration stroke, the passage of the air
through the tapered portions d, d' of the supply pipe D is accelerated by the contrac-
tion, with the effect of causing a partial vacuum where the annular passage.d³ joins.,

page_text: the supply pipe. The currents of hydro-carbon, forced into the mixing chamber by
the pressure of the atmosphere upon the fluid in the tank, are thoroughly broken up
by the abruptness of their contact with the passing air current in the said chamber.
As the hydrocarbon and air flow into the pipe d' their rate of motion is diminished
with the result that they become more thoroughly intermixed before entering the
pipe D above the mixing chamber. The width of the passage d³ is regulated by the
thickness of the packing d, or by other equivalent device.
Near the top of the vapour-and-air supply pipe D', I provide a spindle-valve E,
having two seats e, e'. The valve is connected to a levere having its fulcrum upon
the pipe, or in any other equivalent position. Fis an adjustable spring adapted to
hold the valve down upon the seat e. The spring F is adjusted, in point of power, to
allow of the valve being lifted, by the pressure exerted on its underside during the
inspiration stroke, far enough to produce a clear way for the hydrocarbon-and-air
mixture past the valve.
In the event of the engine beginning to race, the suction through the supply pipe
becomes strong enough to close the valve against the top seat e', when the supply will
be cut off, and the speed of the engine reduced until it has reached the normal rate,
producing a suction of not more power than suffices to lift the valve E against the
spring F as far as is necessary to give proper way through it.
It is matter of common experience that the lighting ports of petroleum engines
are coated with soot very quickly, and that the accretion thereof proceeds so
rapidly that a practical obstruction of the said port is threatened. It has always
been considered necessary to keep the port as clean as possible lest the ignition
should be interfered with and the engines stopped.
G is a T tube communicating with the cylinder at a point behind the stroke-
space of the piston. It is preferably fixed under the cylinder. His a flame
provided for the purpose of heating the incandescent material in the tube at the
commencement of the run. I is a pencil of carbon supported within the bottom
portion of the tube. Jis a trip-valve adapted to be engaged by the piston J¹
at the end of the compression stroke, for the purpose of raising it and admitting
the combustible mixture into the tube.
I do not confine myself to the carbon pencil 1, as the soot deposited in the
tube may be relied on as the lighting agent.
The bottom part of the T tube is made adjustable in point of length, so that
sufficient space is provided into which the products of the last combustion in the
tube can be pushed out of the way, so as not to prevent the combustible mixture
froni gaining access to the incandescent agent, pencil or soot deposit, as the case
may be.
The valve J may be dispensed with, and the tube adjusted in respect of length
and capacity so that the products of the last combustion shall not be forced clear
of the incandescent medium, until the completion of the compression stroke.
Kis the exhaust controlled by a movable piston L, furnished with a valve 1,
fast upon the valve rod . The piston L is loose upon the rod , and can move
independently of it between the valvo land a collar 12.
The valve rod is actuated by catus M, M' and bar m from the main shaft through a
two-to-one gear,«
During the compression and working strokes, the piston L stands idle close up
torthe cylinder cover as illustrated in Fig. 1. But when the working piston has
completed the power-stroke, and commences the fourth or exhausting stroke, the
rod is pushed inwards, thereby opening the valve, past which and through the
ways the products of combustion are expelled by the time that the piston L,
engaged by the collar ; is in the position:illustrated in Fig. 2.
"
When the working piston is making the inspiration stroke, the valve.7 is closed
upon its seat and with the piston L pulled up to the cylinder cover driving all
the products of combustion that were in the engine cylinder out through the
exhaust pipes
"

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is
1. The combination in the line of the air supply, of two tapered portions, the
one delivering into the other, with an annular space adapted to receive a charge
of fluid combustible, and a bent passage leading therefrom into the mixing chamber,
asiset forth.
2. The combination with the motor-fluid supply-pipe and working piston of a
four-cycle petroleum or other liquid hydro carbon engine, of a double seated spindle
valve adapted to be held, against the pull of an adjustable spring, off one seat, by
the normal suction up said supply pipe, and to be closed against the opposite seat in
spite of the increased pull of the said spring by the increased suction up the said
supply pipe, as set forth.
3. The combination of a T tube and cylinder of a four-cycle liquid hydro-carbon
engine, adapted to provide by a deposit, or introduction, of carbon in the former,
an automatic igniting device, as set forth.
4. The combination of engine cylinder, T-tube, carbon deposited or supported
therein working piston, and valve adapted to be lifted off the mouth of the said
T-tube by the compressing stroke of the piston during the completion thereof as set
forth.
5. The combination in the cylinder of a four-cycle hydrocarbon machine of
loose piston, spindle valve, working piston, and exhaust pipe, as set forth.
Dated this 24th day of September 1888.
PHILLIPS & LEIGH,
22, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, W.C.,
Agents for the Applicant.