IMPROVEMENTS IN POWER HAMMERS AND MEANS FOR CAULKING BY POWER."
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Julius Frederick Moore Pollock, of Longclose Works,
Leeds, in the County of York, and Thomas Beeley, of Hyde Junction Iron
Works, near Manchester, in the County of Chester, for an Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN POWER HAMMERS AND MEANS FOR CAULKING BY
POWER."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Julius Frederick Moore
Pollock and Thomas Beeley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on
the 18th January 1881.
JULIUS FREDERICK MOORE POLLOCK, of Longclose Works, Leeds, in the County
of York, and THOMAS BEELEY, of Hyde Junction Iron Works, near Manchester, in
the County of Chester. "IMPROVEMENTS IN POWER HAMMERS AND MEANS FOR
CAULKING BY POWER."
This Invention has reference to (1) an improved power hammer, which may be
actuated by suitable fluid, such, for example, as steam or compressed air; (2) the
application and use, in combination with a power hammer, of an elastic anvil, set,
or chisel, in such manner that the blow can be transmitted through the said anvil,
as the blow of a hand hammer is transmitted through the chisel or caulking tool
in the hand of a workman; (3) the combination of a power hammer and anvil
with a suitable frame (fixed or portable) to render it available for general workshop
purposes.
In one arrangement the improved "hammer" is made with a cylinder, having
from end to end of it a port or passage, terminating at one end (we will call it the
under end) in the cylinder, and at the other end (we will call it the upper end) in
a cylindrical valve box forming a continuation of the cylinder. In this valve box
is a piston valve resembling a central tube, with a collar on the middle part; it is
closed at the bottom end, which however is provided with a central hole, and
several small holes round it, the central hole being for the passage of a rod in
connection with the hammer piston, by which motion is imparted to the valve,
and the surrounding holes for the passage of actuating fluid; these last mentioned
holes do not pierce the valve quite at the end, but a little way up the cylindrical

page_text: part of it. The construction of this valve and its faces is such that when up
actuating fluid passes under it, and presses on the top side of the hammer piston,
and when down the actuating fluid is shut off from the top side, which is open to
the exhaust.
There is constantly actuating fluid at the under side of the piston.
There is a cover above the valve to allow of the exit of the exhaust, and provided
also with a hollow thimble-like extension to receive the vertical rod (by which the
valve is actuated) on its upward stroke.
The piston is formed in one piece with the striking rod, the area of the latter
being about half that of the former, thus resembling a short thick shaft with a
collar on the end, the thin end being adapted to receive swage blocks or tups, or
being hardened and itself acting as the hammer head. In the piston end is a
central circular recess or hole, in which is a small piston cushioned downwards and
upwards by a spring on each side, and kept in by a screwed cover. This secondary
piston has a rod extending upward through the valve previously described, with a
collar fixed on the top end. To cushion the upward blow this collar is made to
strike the inside of the thimble formed on the top cover of the cylinder. The
bottom end of the cylinder is provided with a gland, through which the piston rod
(or hammer) descends to the anvil.
The action is thus:-If actuating fluid be admitted, the valve being at the
bottom (its normal position when at rest), the piston will move upwards to the top
of its stroke, the actuating fluid being on the under side and the top part open to the
exhaust, at the top end it will raise the valve, which will at once jump to the
other side of its chamber, where the pressure of the actuating fluid will retain it,
and then the actuating fluid will be on both sides of the piston; but the upper side
being of greater area than the under side the piston will descend giving its blow,
and by means of the collar at the end of the rod extending upwards from the piston
will draw down the valve to its former position, and so on.
Although we have described the improved power hammer as arranged with a
piston valve, it is to be understood it may be constructed in modified forms wherein
the distribution may be effected by other forms of pulsating or slide valves.
The hammer will work in any position and requires no starting, the admission of
actuating fluid being all that is needed to set it going at any point; the blow
can be regulated as also the speed by the amount and pressure of actuating
fluid.
The anvil may be as to any ordinary steam hammer.
When used for caulking, or chipping, or rivetting, a set or chisel holder is fixed
under the hammer, having an elastic cushion or spring under it so that the blow can
force it down. There is also a cushion (but with a less degree of elasticity) upwards
to admit of the chisel or set being pressed on to the work.
When made in a portable form with a small cylinder to supply the place of a hand
hammer, it is carried on a pillar or upright structure capable of being rotated and
also moved along a horizontal bed or frame. It has a vertical motion up and down
the pillar or upright, and is also provided with swivelling motions, so that the
blow can be given upwards or downwards or horizontally, or in other required
direction.
For carrying about a workshop it is attached with a swivelling motion to a ball
of cast iron or a weight suitably shaped and slung from a travelling or other crane,
with suitable handles to steer and direct the blow to the point required. This form
is applicable for caulking the joints of boilers or similar work.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Julius Frederick Moore Pollock and Thomas Beeley in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 16th July 1881.
JULIUS FREDERICK MOORE POLLOCK, of Longclose Works, Leeds, in the County
of York, and THOMAS BEELEY, of Hyde Junction Iron Works, near Manchester, in
the County of Chester. "IMPROVEMENTS IN POWER HAMMERS AND MEANS FOR
CAULKING BY POWER."
This Invention has reference to (1) an improved power hammer, which may be
actuated by suitable fluid, such, for example, as steam or compressed air; (2) the
application and use in combination with a power hammer of an elastic anvil for
carrying a set or chisel in such manner that the blow can be transmitted through
the said anvil as the blow of a hand hammer is transmitted through the chisel or
caulking tool in the hand of a workman; (3) the combination of a power hammer
and anvil with a suitable frame (fixed or portable) to render it available for general
workshop purposes.
Referring to the accompanying Drawings,―
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section of the improved power hammer with elastic anvil,
in which by a set screw or otherwise can be fixed a set or chisel.
Figs. 2 and 3 are front and side elevations shewing our improved power hammer
and anvil provided with a fixed frame to render the apparatus available for general
workshop purposes.
In this arrangement the improved "hammer" is made with a cylinder a having
from end to end of it a port or passage b terminating at one end 6¹ (we will call it
the under end) in the cylinder a, and at the other end 62 (we will call it the upper
end) in a cylindrical valve box c forming a continuation of the cylinder a. In this
valve box c is a piston valve d resembling a central tube with a collar d¹ in the
middle part; it is closed at the bottom end, which however is provided with a
central hole and with several small holes d² round it, the central hole being for
the passage of a rod e in connection with the hammer piston f, by which motion is
imparted to the valve d, and the surrounding holes d² for the passage of actuating
fluid; these last mentioned holes, as will be seen, do not pierce the valve d quite at
the end but a little way up the cylindrical part of it. The construction of this
valve and its faces is such that when up actuating fluid passes under it (through the
holes c¹) and presses on the top side of the hammer piston f, and when the valve is
down (which is the position shewn in Fig. 1) the actuating fluid is shut off from the
top side, which is open to the exhaust g via the holes d² and g¹, the exhaust g and the
passages g¹all opening into the annular chamberg. The direction taken by this exhaust
is shewn by arrows; the direction taken by incoming actuating fluid is indicated by
dotted arrows. There is constantly actuating fluid at the under side of the piston f.
The cover above the valve that allows of the exit of the exhaust is provided also
with a hollow thimble like extension g³ to receive the vertical rod e (by which the
valve is actuated) on its upward stroke. The piston fis formed in one piece with
the striking rod f¹, the area of the latter being about half that of the former, thus
resembling a short thick shaft with a collar on the end, the thin end being adapted
to receive swage blocks or tups, or being hardened and itself acting as the hammer
head, which latter is the arrangement shewn. In the piston end is a central circular
recess or hole f³ in which is a small piston el cushioned downwards and upwards by
a spring or an india rubber washer on each side at f³ and f*, and kept in by a
screwed cover f5; this secondary piston which is preferably formed of two lock
nuts, as shewn, is attached to the rod e extending upwards through the valve d
previously described, with a collar e² fixed on the top end. To cushion the upward

page_text: blow this collar e2 is made to strike the inside of the thimble formed on the top
cover of the cylinder. The bottom end of the cylinder is provided with a gland a¹,
through which the piston rod f¹ (or hammer) descends to the anvil.
The action is thus:-If actuating fluid be admitted, the valve d being at the
bottom (its normal position when at rest), the piston f will move upwards to the
top of its stroke, the actuating fluid being on the under side and the top part open
to the exhaust; at the top end it will raise the valve d, which will at once jump to
the other side of its chamber, where the pressure of the actuating fluid will retain
it, and then the actuating fluid will be on both sides of the piston f, but the upper
side being of greater area than the under side the piston will descend, giving its
blow, and by means of the collar at the end of the rod extending upwards from the
piston will draw down the valve to its former position and so on. Although we
have described the improved power hammer as arranged with a piston valve, it is
to be understood it may be constructed in modified forms wherein the distribution
may be effected by other forms of pulsating or slide valves. The hammer will
work in any position and requires no starting, the admission of actuating fluid
being all that is needed to set it going at any point; the blow can be regulated, as
also the speed, by the amount and pressure of actuating fluid admitted. The anvil
may be as to any ordinary steam hammer.. When used for caulking, or chipping,
or rivetting, a set or chisel-bolder h is fixed under the hammer having an elastic
cushion or spring i under it, as shewn best in Fig. 1, so that the blow can force it
down. There is also a cushion ¹ (but with a less degree of elasticity) upwards to
admit of the chisel or set being pressed on to the work. As shewn in Figs. 2 and 3,
the hammer is designed to supply the place of a hand hammer, and is carried on a
pillar or upright structure k capable of being rotated, and also moved along a
horizontal bed or frame l. It has a vertical motion up and down the pillar or
upright, and is also provided with swivelling motions, so that the blow can be
given upwards or downwards, or horizontally, or in other required directions.
These motions may be attained by any convenient and usual arrangements, one of
which is clearly shewn in and will be readily understood by reference to Figs.
2 and 3. On Sheet 2 we have illustrated the apparatus as arranged for carrying
about a workshop, Fig. 4 being a front elevation, and Fig. 5 a side elevation,
shewing the apparatus in use for caulking a boiler joint. In this arrangement,
which will be readily understood from the Drawings, the size of the anvil carrier o
is such as to provide the weight requisite for steadying the hammer in operation.
The hammer is suspended by a stirrup like frame p that may hang from a snatch
block or other ordinary appliance with a balance weight at the other end of the
chain to serve as a counterpoise. The frame p is swivelled at p¹, so that the
hammer may be turned to any angle, or even inverted. Handles q, q, are provided,
by which the attendant can keep the hammer up to its work. Guiding pulleys r, r,
with the necessary adjustments are also provided, as shewn, to keep the hammer
in position. A special screw and locking arrangement, shewn at 8, provide for
adjustment of the caulking tool t to or from the work. This is effected by the
rocking motion which is given to the part u by the raising and depressing of the
handles q, which is done by rotating the screw 8, the part u swivelling on
trunnions at u¹. The screw 8 is provided with a locking wheel s¹ having notches
round it and a spring pressing it upwards, so that the vibration caused by the
hammer cannot shake it loose.
Having described the nature of our said Invention, and the manner of carrying
it into practical effect, we would have it understood that what we claim as secured
to us under the Letters Patent hereinbefore in part recited is,—-
1. In a power hammer constructing, arranging, and operating the valve that
controls the admission and emission of actuating fluid to and from the cylinder,
substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to Fig. 1 of the Drawings.
2. The use in combination with a power hammer of an elastic anvil for carrying
a set or chisel, substantially as described.

page_text: 3. The improved power hammer, constructed, arranged, and operating, as shewn
in and described with reference to Fig. 1 of the Drawings.
4. The general arrangements of apparatus shewn in and described with reference
respectively to Figs. 2 & 3, and to Figs. 4 and 5 of the Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Julius Frederick Moore Pollock, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, this Twelfth day of July, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and eighty one.
JULIUS F. M. POLLOCK.
(L.S.)