IMPROVEMENTS IN MECHANICAL TELEGRAPHS AND LIQUID TO BE USED THEREWITH, WHICH FLUID IS ALSO APPLICABLE AS A POWER TRANSMITTER FOR OTHER PURPOSES, FOR THE MAKING OF LIQUID JOINTS AND OTHER PURPOSES WHERE IT IS DESIRABLE TO USE A LIQUID THAT DOES NOT READILY CONGEAL OR EVAPORATE
Year: 1870

page_text: ETTERS PATENT to Charles Henry Chadburn and William Chadburn,
of the Firm of Chadburn and Son, of Liverpool, in the County
of Lancaster, Opticians and Philosophical Instrument Makers, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MECHANICAL TELEGRAPHS AND
LIQUID TO BE USED THEREWITH, WHICH FLUID IS ALSO APPLICABLE AS A
POWER TRANSMITTER FOR OTHER PURPOSES, FOR THE MAKING OF LIQUID JOINTS
AND OTHER PURPOSES WHERE IT IS DESIRABLE TO USE A LIQUID THAT DOES NOT
READILY CONGEAL OR EVAPORATE."
Sealed the 24th February 1871, and dated the 1st September 1870.
PROVISIONAL
.
SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Henry
Chadburn and William Chadburn at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 1st September
1870.
We, CHARLES HENRY CHADBURN and WILLIAM CHADBURN, of the
Firm of Chadburn and Son, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Opticians and Philosophical Instrument Makers, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for “IMPROVEMENTS IN MECHANICAL TELEGRAPHS

page_text: .
AND LIQUID TO BE USED THEREWITH, WHICH FLUID IS ALSO APPLICABLE AS A POWER
TRANSMITTER FOR OTHER PURPOSES FOR THE MAKING OF LIQUID JOINTS AND OTHER
PURPOSES WHERE IT IS DESIRABLE TO USE A LIQUID THAT DOES NOT READILY CONGEAL
OR EVAPORATE," to be as follows (that is to say) :—
This Invention has for its object certain improvements applicable to
mechanical telegraphs which are peculiarly adapted for transmitting
signals or orders or orders at or near railway stations, in mines, on board
ships, in buildings, and other structures, from one place to another or to
two or more places simultaneously, and in the use of a fluid compound as
a transmitter which is not evaporable at a high temperature or likely to
freeze or congeal or become inconveniently viscid at low temperatures,
and will be found useful for communicating mechanical power for other
purposes; for making sliding gas pendant and other fluid joints for wet
gas ineters, mariners' floating compasses, weighing and other hydraulic
machinery, and other like purposes.
In most cases it is preferred to construct the improved telegraphing
apparatus in such a manner that the receipt of the order or signal may
be acknowledged by the receiver to the sender.
An apparatus constructed according to this Invention may consist of,
say, two small cylinders fitted with covers, stuffing box glans, ports,
pistons, and piston rods, which resemble an ordinary steam engine on a
small scale except that they are without valves or valve gear. When
only two cylinders are used one is placed from where the orders or
signals are to be issued, and the other where they are to be received.
The ports of the cylinders are connected together by a small pipe fully
charged with any suitable liquid, but, by preference, with a fluid con-
sisting of glycerine, or glycerine in combination with, say, one-third
of water, which we have found by actual experiment does not evaporate
when exposed to a high temperature, nor does it freeze when exposed
to a temperature many degrees below zero. The fluid is used as a means
of communicating the power applied to the piston rod of one cylinder
to that of the other, the cylinders being connected together by a pipe
opening into the interiors thereof, and by a second pipe forming a passage
between the cylinders below the pistons, by which arrangement the
pistons operate and travel in opposite directions. But when it is desirable
that both pistons should travel together in the same direction the lower
ports of cach cylinder are connected to the upper ports of the other by
the connecting pipes being arranged so as to cross each other, in place of

page_text: being carried parallel to one another, as in the case when the lower
ports are connected together and the upper ports are in direct com-
munication with each other. In this arrangement it will be necessary
to use piston rods which work through both ends of the cylinders that
5 the capacities of the receiving cylinder may be equal to the trans-
mitting cylinder, otherwise the action of the machine will be imperfect-
by reason of the piston rods varying the capacities within the cylinders.
To counteract the expansion or contraction of the power transmitting
fluid arising from alterations in temperature to each pipe is connected
O a safety expansion valve which may consist of a pair of corrugated metal
discs, resembling the aneroid barometer, or other form of expansion
valve may be used, or the connecting pipes (which it is preferred should
be of copper or other tough metal) may be undulated or they may be
corrugated for a portion of their length to allow them to expand and
contract sufficiently to meet the condensation and expansion of the fluid
contained therein until the cocks of the reservoir are opened, which
immediately adjust the equilibrium.
The actuating piston at the sending end may be worked by a lever
the outer or shorter end of which is formed with a segment of a circle
having a square or other suitably shaped groove in the centre of the
periphery coinciding with the sides of the piston rod which works
therein, and by which arrangement it is kept parallel with the sides of
the cylinder. A flat or other suitably shaped surface is formed on each
side of the groove, to which are attached the ends of flexible metal straps,
flat chains, or their mechanical equivalent, to which the piston rod is
attached, so that on the outer end of the lever being depressed by the
hand the inner segmental end of the lever is elevated, carrying with it
the piston rod and piston, thus forcing the fluid on the top of the piston
through the pipe into the cylinder at the receiving end, elevating or
depressing the piston and piston rod of the same, according to the way
it is arranged. At the same time that the fluid is being forced out from
above the piston of the cylinder at the sending end a like quantity
is drawn in on the under side of the piston from the opposite cylinder,
and by again elevating the lever the reverse action takes place; and it
will be readily seen that the slightest movement in either direction
of one piston must be simultaneously communicated to the other. The
actuating lever works on the face of or at the back of a dial plate
(beyond which the handle of the lever projects), which dial plate should

page_text: '
be continued within a semicircle for the purposes herein-after explained.
Or a pair of pulleys may be used, which are mounted on fixed axle
bearings one above the other, and over which is stretched a flexible
band, to one side of which is attached the head of the piston rod so that
by actuating one of the pulleys with a lever or its mechanical equivalent
the piston is elevated or depressed within the required range, as in the
herein-before described arrangement.
The dial is marked with the several orders or signals required, and
upon the handle being brought in line with any particular order the
same is simultaneously noted at the receiving end of the apparatus
which is also provided with a dial-plate-and-index-pointer,_and_a_|
moveable plate carrying a number of studs which act upon a lever
arm which strikes a bell. It will be immaterial to confine the
receiving index dial within the prescribed limits of a semicircle
referred to.
In place of the segmental ended lever, in some cases it is preferred
to use a transverse axle, which in some instances it is preferred should
be hollow. This transverse shaft turns within fixed bearings, and on
to which is keyed a grooved pulley into the recess of which the piston
rod fits. This grooved pulley is fitted on each side with a plain pulley
to which is attached a flat band or chain, the reverse end of which is
secured to the piston rod some distance below the axle, and the chain
or band secured to the other pulley is attached to the head of the piston
rod, so that on the shaft being rotated in one direction the piston is
elevated, and when turned in the other direction it is depressed. The
rotation of this axle shaft is effected by hand through a lever secured
at a right angle to the same and which works over or at the back of
a dial plate.
The object in using the hollow axle described is to insert a shaft
carrying a pointer on the front of the dial in advance of the lever
working on the dial of the sending instrument which is used to
acknowledge the receipt of the order, the reply consisting in bringing
the pointer parallel with the actuating lever, thus obviating the necessity
for the use of a second dial for acknowledging the receipt of the order.
Now presuming the sending end of the instrument is on the bridge
of a steam ship and the receiving end in the engine room, it is evident
that orders may be transmitted or received at either end of the
instrument; but as this. is neither requisite nor desirable in this case,

page_text: yet, at the same time it being highly requisite to know that the order
given has been, correctly understood and obeyed, it is proposed to.
duplicate the instrument to enable the engineer to repeat the order-
to, the sender, which will also at all times be useful to at once note
the slightest deviation in the accuracy of the instruments.
When the apparatus herein-before described for communicating orders
from the bridge to the engine room or to any other part are, the only
ones fitted, then it will not be necessary to confine the face of the dials.
to semicircles; but when the apparatus is extended so as to enable.
orders to be given from the bridge to the helmsman also, then a second.
semicircular dial face is used in: connection with that portion of the.
apparatus for, communicating orders to, the helmsman, both of which.
semicircles are in conjunction. The connecting pipes between. the
cylinders are fitted with, a reservoir provided, with stop-cocks, and so;
forth,. for, adjusting the pistons. in the several cylinders should any
derangement from breakage or other cause take place or for allowing for.
the expansion and contraction of the fluids.
.
Where it is desirable to.communicate orders: or signals to more than
one receiving station, for instance, from the bridge of a steam ship to.
the helmsman, and to note the order in the chart room or captain's
cabin, all that is necessary to be done is to place an additional cylinder
with its fittings in the chart room, captain's cabin, or other position,
as the case may be, and connecting the same within the pipe, circuit,
or service..
In place of the dials and. pointers described a horizontal wheel with a.
broad periphery, on which the orders are marked may be used. This.
index wheel is mounted on the piston rod which passes through the
nave thereof, and is supported between fixed plates and actuated by the
piston rod having a single spiral groove equivalent in length or pitch.
to the stroke of the piston, into which takes a small stud, on the inside.
of the nave or boss of the index wheel.. This wheel is enclosed within.
a casing having a free or glazed opening, through which the required
order is read off. In this arrangement it may be found convenient
to use a hand wheel and screw motion (which may or may not be.
thrown out of gear). as a means of applying the power for actuating the.
instrument.
In place of using an exact duplicate instrument for the sending and
a nantione of the annaratus in Some cases it is preferred that

page_text: either the sender or the repeater should consist of a system of endless
bands or chains, or their mechanical equivalent, travelling over anti-
friction pulleys giving the heads and angles required to connect the two
ends of the instrument, and, if desirable, bell cranks can also be used,
the use of all of which is well understood.
The two semicircular indice dials in conjunction may be applied to
telegraphs of other descriptions than those herein-before described.
The alarm bell on the receiving ends of the instruments may be of
sufficient size and so arranged as to cover the front of the external
working parts, and may be used as the dial plate by means of making
the several orders on the convex surface thereof,_the_pointer_shaft
working through the centre of the bell.
The answers to the orders given to the helmsman may be made
self-acting by a quadrant fixed on the head of the rudder post connected
to the piston rod or by a pair of pulleys, one of which is secured on the
rudder head and the other rocking in stationary bearings over which
travels an endless band the one side of which the head of the piston
rod is fastened, as herein-before described as applied for being actuated
by hand power.
The number of revolutions and the direction of rotation of crank
shafts may be ascertained and registered automatically by fixing a
cylinder and its gear near to the shaft and actuating the piston by a cam
or by a stud on the main shaft or on a wheel thereon. When a stud
piece is used a rod is jointed to the head of the piston rod, formed with
a recess or hole, into which the stud takes at each revolution of the
shaft, drawing up or pressing down the piston according to the direction
in which the shaft is revolving, and by connecting to the cylinder at
the receiving end a train of indice wheels with a pointer working over
a dial plate, which are actuated through a pawl tooth jointed on to the
piston rod which at each stroke of the piston takes into one of the teeth a
of a ratchet wheel, which forms the first of a train of indice wheels.
A second train of indice wheels, and so forth, is used to note the
reverse strokes of the engine actuated from a second pawl on the
other half of the piston rod. The pistons when not actuated upon by
the stud pin or cam on the main shaft are drawn to and held in the 3
centre of the cylinders by springs or their mechanical equivalent.
If it be simply required to ascertain in which direction the engine is
jurning, the train of indice wheels, and so forth, may be dispensed with,

page_text: as all that would be necessary in that case would be a single lever
pointer working on a fixed axle held in position by springs in front and
parallel with an indicator line, the pointer being acted upon, by a stud
so as to vibrate on one side or the other of the indicating line, thereby
denoting the direction in which the engine is going..
SPECIFICATION in. pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Charles Henry Chadburn and William Chadburṇ
in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 1st March 1871..
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, CHARLES
HENRY CHADBURN and WILLIAM CHADBURN, of the Firm of Chadburn
and Son, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster, Opticians and
Philosophical Instrument Makers, send greeting.
WHEREAS. Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the First day of September, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-.
fourth year of Her reign, did, for. Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto us, the said Charles Henry Chadburn and William
Chadburn, Her special licence that we, the said Charles Henry Chadburn
and William Chadburn, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as we, the said Charles Henry Chadburn and William Chad:
burn, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "Im-
PROVEMENTS IN MECHANICAL TELEGRAPHS AND LIQUID TO BE USED THEREWITH,
WHICH FLUID IS ALSO APPLICABLE AS A POWER TRANSMITTER FOR OTHER PURPOSES,
FOR THE MAKING OF LIQUID JOINts, and other PURPOSES, WHERE IT IS DESIRABLE TO
USE A LIQUID THAT DOES NOT READILY CONGEAL OR EVAPORATE," upon the condition,
(amongst others) that we, the said Charles Henry Chadburn and William
Chadburn, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under our,
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed

page_text: in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Charles Henry Chadburn and
William Chadburn, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement (that is
to say) :-
This our said Invention has for its object certain improvements to
mechanical telegraphs which are peculiarly adapted for transmitting
signals at or near railway stations, in mines, on board ships, in buildings,
and other structures, from one place to another, or to two or more.
places simultaneously; and in the use of a fluid compound as a
transmitter which is not evaporable at a high temperature, and does.
not congeal or become inconveniently viscid at low temperatures, and
will be found useful for communicating mechanical power for other
purposes; for the making sliding gas pendent and other fluid joints;.
for wet gas meters, mariners' floating compasses, weighing and other
hydraulic machinery, and other like purposes.
In most cases it is preferred to construct the improved telegraphing
apparatus in such a manner that the receipt of the order or signal may
be acknowledged by the receiver to the sender.
An apparatus constructed according to this our said Invention, may.
consist of, say, two small cylinders fitted with covers, stuffing box,
glands, ports, pistons, and piston rods, resembling an ordinary steam
engine on a small scale, except that they are without valves or valve
gear. When we use only two cylinders, one is placed from where the
orders or signals are to be issued, and the other where they are to be
received. The ports of the cylinders are connected together by a small
pipe fully charged with any suitable liquid, but, by preference, with a
fluid consisting of glycerine, or glycerine in combination with, say, one-
third of water, which we have found by actual experiment does not
evaporate when exposed to a high temperature, nor does it freeze when
exposed to a temperature many degrees below zero. The fluid we use as
a means of communicating the power applied to the piston rod of onc
cylinder to that of the other, the cylinders being connected together by a
a pipe opening into the interiors thereof above the pistons, and by a
second pipe forming a passage between the cylinders below the pistons,

page_text: by which arrangement the pistons operate and travel in opposite direc-
tions; but when it is desirable that both pistons should travel together
in the same direction the lower ports of each cylinder are connected to.
the upper ports of the other by the connecting pipes being arranged so
as to cross cach other, in place of being carried parallel to one another,
as in the case when the lower ports are connected together and the
upper ports are in direct communication with each other. In this
arrangement it will be necessary to use piston rods which work through
both ends of the cylinders, that the capacities of the receiving cylinder
may be equal to those of the transmitting cylinder, otherwise the action
of the machine will be imperfect by reason of the piston rods varying the
capacitics within the cylinders.
To counteract the contraction or expansion of the power transmitting
fluid arising from alterations in temperature, to each pipe we connect
a safety expansion valve, which may consist of a pair of corrugated
metal discs resembling the aneroid barometer or other form of expansion
valve may be used. Or the connecting pipes (which it is preferred
should be of copper or other tough metal) may be undulated, or they
may be corrugated for a portion of their length to allow them to expand
and contract sufficiently to meet the condensation and expansion of the
fluid contained therein until the cocks of the reservoir are opened, which
immediately adjust the equilibrium.
The actuating piston at the sending end may be worked by a lever,
the outer or shorter end of which is formed with a segment of a circle
having a square or other suitably shaped groove in the centre of the
periphery, coinciding with the sides of the piston rod which works therein,
and by which arrangement it is kept parallel with the sides of the cylinder.
A flat or other suitably shaped surface is formed on each side of the
groove, to which is attached the ends of flexible metal straps, flat chains,
or their mechanical equivalent, to which the piston rod is attached, so
that on the outer end of the lever being depressed by the hand the inner
segmental end of the lever is clevated, carrying with it the piston rod
and piston through the pipe into the cylinder at the receiving end,
elevating or depressing the piston and piston rod of the same according to
the way it is arranged. At the same time that the fluid is being forced
out from above the piston of the cylinder at the sending end, a like
quantity is drawn in on the under side of the piston from the opposite

page_text: .
eylinder, and by again elevating the lever, the reverse action takes
place. And it will be readily seen that the slightest movement in either
direction of one piston must be simultaneously communicated to the
other. The actuating lever works on the face of or at the back of the
dial plate (beyond which the handle of the lever projects), which dial
plate should be continued within a segment of a circle for the purposes
herein-after mentioned; or a pair of pulleys may be used which are
mounted on fixed axle bearings, one above the other, and over which
is stretched a flexible band, to one side of which is attached the head of
the piston rod, so that by actuating one of the pulleys with a lever or its
mechanical equivalent the piston is. elevated or depressed within the
required range, as in the herein-before described arrangement.
The dial is marked with the several orders or signals desired, and upon
the handle being brought in line with any particular order, the same is
simultaneously noted at the receiving end of the apparatus, which is
also provided with a dial plate and index pointer, and a moveable plate
carrying a number of studs which acts upon a lever arm which strikes. a
bcll. It will be immaterial to confine the receiving index dial within
any particular limits of a segment of the circle referred to. In place of
the segmental ended lever, in some cases we prefer to use a transverse
axle, which in some instances we should prefer to be hollow. This
transverse shaft turns within fixed bearings, and on to which is keyed a
grooved pulley, into the recess of which the piston rod fits. This grooved
pulley we fit on cach side with a plain pulley, to which is attached a flat
band or chain, the reverse end of which is secured to the piston rod
some distance below the axle, and the chain or band secured to the
other pulley is attached to the head of the piston rod, so that on the
shaft being rotated in one direction the piston is elevated, and when
turned in the other direction it is depressed. The rotation of the axle
shaft is effected by hand through a lever secured at a right angle to
the same, and which works over or at the back of the dial plate.
Our object in using the hollow axle described is to insert a shaft
carrying a pointer on the front of the dial in advance of the lever,
working on the dial of the sending instrument, which is used to
acknowledge the receipt of the order, the reply consisting in bringing
the pointer parallel with the actuating lever, thus obviating the necessity
for the use of a second dial for acknowledging the receipt of the order.

page_text: Now presuming the sending end of the instrument is on the bridge of
a steam ship and the receiving end in the engine room, it is evident that.
orders may be transmitted or received at either end of the instrument,.
but as this is neither requisite nor desirable in this case, although it is
at the same time highly requisite to know that the order given has been
correctly understood and obeyed, we duplicate the instrument to enable
the engineer to repeat the order to the sender, which will also at all
times be useful for the purpose of at once noting the slightest deviation
in the accuracy of the instruments.
When the apparatus herein-before described for communicating orders
from the bridge to the engine room or to any other part, are the only
ones fitted, then it will not be necessary to confine the faces of the dials
to any particular segment of a circle, but when the apparatus is extendedḍ
so as to enable orders to be given from the bridge to the helmsman also,
then a second segmental circular dial face is used in connection with
that portion of the apparatus for communicating orders to the helmsman,
both of which segmental circles present one face, and the graduations
and symbols of each set of orders and the replies thereto, being confined
on cach side within a space of less than 180 degrees, measured from the
apex of the dial.
The connecting pipes between the cylinders we fit with a reservoir
provided with stop-cocks and so forth, for adjusting the pistons in the
several cylinders, should any derangement from leakage or other cause
take place, or for allowing for the expansion and contraction of the
fluid.
Were it desirable to communicate orders or signals to more than one
receiving station, for instance, from the bridge of a steam ship to the
helmsman, and to note the order in the chart room or captain's cabin,
all that is necessary to be done is to place an additional cylinder, with
its fittings, in the chart room, captain's cabin, or other position, as tho
case may be, and connecting the same within the pipe circuit or
service.
In place of the dials and pointers described a horizontal wheel with a
broad periphery on which the orders are marked may be used. This
index wheel we mount on the piston rod, which passes through the nave
thereof, and is supported between fixed plates, and actuated by the
ton rod, having a single spiral groove, equivalent in length or pitch
o

page_text: to the stroke of the piston, into which takes a small stud on the inside
of the nave or boss. of the index wheel. This wheel is, enclosed within
a casing having a free or glazed opening, through which the required
orders are read off: In this arrangement it may he found convenient
to use a hand wheel and screw motion (which may or may not be
thrown out of gear) as a means of applying the power for actuating the
instrument.
In place of using an exact duplicate instrument for the sending and
repeating portions of the apparatus in some cases we prefer that either
the sender or the repeater should consist of a system of endless bands
or chains, or their mechanical equivalent, travelling over antifriction
pulleys, giving the angles required to connect the two ends of the
instrument, and if desirable, bell cranks can also be used;, the use of all
of which latter is well understood..
The two segmental circular index dials. in conjunction may be applied
to telegraphs of other descriptions. than those hercin-before described.
The alarm bell on the receiving ends of the instruments, may be of
sufficient size, and so arranged as to cover the front of the external
working parts, and may be used as the dial plate by means of marking
the several orders on the convex surface thereof, the pointer shaft
working through the centre of the bell.
The answers of the orders given to the helmsman may be made self-
acting by a quadrant fixed on the head of the rudder post, connected to
the piston rod, or by a pair of pulleys, one of which is secured to the
rudder head and the other rocking in temporary bearings, over which
travels an endless band, to one side of which the head of the piston rod
is fastened, as herein-before described, as applied for being actuated by
hand power.
The number of revolutions and the direction of rotation of crank
shafts we ascertained and registered automatically by fixing a cylinder
and its gear near the shaft, and actuating the piston by cam or by a
stud on the main shaft or on a wheel thereon. When a stud pin is.
used a rod is jointed to the head of the piston rod formed with a
recess or hole, into which the stud takes at each revolution of the shaft,
drawing up or pressing down the piston according to the direction in
which the shaft is revolving, and by connecting to the cylinder at the
receiving end a train of indice wheels with a pointer working over a dial

page_text: plate, which are actuated through a pawl tooth jointed on to the piston
rod, which at each stroke of the piston takes into one of the teeth of a
ratchet wheel, which forms the first of the train of indice wheels. A.
second train of indice wheels and so forth is used to note the reverse
strokes of the engine, actuated from a second pawl on the other half of
the piston rod. The piston when not acted upon by the stud pin or
cam on the main shaft are drawn to and held in the centre of the
cylinders by springs or their mechanical equivalent.
That this our said Invention may be the more readily seen and
understood we have hereunto annexed Drawings of so much of one
modification of our improved apparatus as will be necessary to illustrate
the practical application of the Invention as applied to an instrument
for communicating orders on board ship from the officer in charge to
the man at the helm, and the registering of the reply, which in this case
it is preferred should be noted though the action of the rudder head
itself as will be readily understood by all acquainted with the art. But
when the Invention is applied to the engine room it will be necessary
for the person in charge to reply by operating the instrument by hand
in the same way that the orders are transmitted. Like letters and figures
marked on the Drawings are used to denote similar parts.
Figure 1 (Sheet 1) is a front elevation, partially in section of the
sending end of one of our improved instruments, for communicating
from the officer in charge of a ship to the man at the helm, and for
indicating the position of the rudder, which it is preferred should be
done through the rudder head itself, as will be readily understood.
And Figure 2 (Sheet 2) is a front elevation of the receiving end of the
instrument shewing the application of the bell of the apparatus, used
as a cover for the front of the instrument and as a dial, over the face
of which travels the index pointer.
Figure 3 is a front elevation of one of our improved double dials for
telegraph instruments.
A, a transparent dial plate on which the orders are marked and over
which travels B, a pointer, which is used to acknowledge the receipt
of the order; C, handle for actuating the instrument; D, a cylinder
in which works E, a piston which is fitted with F, a piston rod which
is connected to G, an endless band working over H and H', pulleys,
the upper one of which is fast to the axis of the handle C and is actuated

page_text: thereby D is a second cylinder fitted in every way like the other,
and is connected to a second endless band which works over a second
pair of pulleys, one of which is fast to the axis of the pointer B, and
through which it is actuated from the receiving end of the instrument;
I, connection pipes above the piston; J, connection pipes below the
piston; K, regulating taps; L, balance valves; M (Figure 2, Sheet 2)
is the gong or bell at the receiving end of the instrument which is
marked on the convex surface with the required orders and over the
front of which the index pointer travels.
Having now fully described and ascertained the nature of this our
said Invention, and the best means we are acquainted with for carrying
the same into practical effect, we wish it to be understood that we do
not confine ourselves to the precise detail, relative proportions or dimen-
sions of the several parts of the apparatus herein-before described, set
forth, and illustrated, as it will be readily seen that the same may be
considerably varied without departing from the Invention, but what
we claim is,―
1st. Hydraulic telegraphing apparatus which signal from one to two
or more stations simultaneously, substantially in the manner and for the
purposes herein-before described and set forth.
2nd. The application of expansion and contraction valves or their
mechanical equivalent to hydraulic telegraphic apparatus, substantially
in the manner and for the purposes herein-before described and set
forth.
3rd. The application of a supply tank to hydraulic telegraphic instru-
ments substantially in the manner and for the purposes herein-before
described and set forth.
4th. The use of the indice dials with two or more pointers divided and
graduated, substantially in the manner and for the purposes herein-
before described and set forth.
5th. The use of the bell or gong of telegraphic instruments as a dial
plate, substantially in the manner and for the purposes herein-before
described and set forth.
6th. The use of glycerine alone or in combination with water as a
power communicator for the making of liquid joints, substantially 3

page_text: in the manner and for the purposes herein-before described and set
forth.
And, lastly. The general arrangement and combination of the several
parts of the apparatus constituting thic improved mechanical hydraulic
telegraph instruments herein-before described and set forth.
In witness whereof, we, the said Charles Henry Chadburn and
William Chadburn, have hereunto set our hands and affixed our
seals, this 28th day of February, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-one.
Witness,
WILLIAM WALKER,
WILLIAM
(L.S.) CHADBURN.
CHARLES HENRY (L.s.) CHADBURN.
of 44, Castle Street,
Liverpool.