matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN WARDROBES, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO OTHER ARTICLES OF FURNITURE, AND TO THE FITTING OF SHOW AND SUCH LIKE Rooms
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Rainford at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st
June 1870.
I, WILLIAM RAINFORD, in the Employ of Messrs. Jackson and
Graham, of Oxford Street, in the County of Middlesex, Cabinet Makers
and Upholsterers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WARDROBES, WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO
OTHER ARTICLES OF FURNITURE, AND TO THE FITTING OF SHOW AND SUCH LIKE
Rooms," to be as follows:-
The object of these improvements is that the utility of looking-glasses
applied in pairs to wardrobes may be greatly increased. For this purpose
the end doors with looking-glass fronts to wardrobes in place of being
hinged on the outsides thereof, as is usual with the fastening means
towards their central compartment, these doors are hinged at the edges
of them next the central compartment, so that when opened towards
each other the opposite sides of a person situated between them may be
fully seen reflected on the two glasses.

page_text: In order to these doors opening without interfering with the arrange-
ments of the compartments between them they are hinged on
« centre
hinges," or, so that their hinged edges may when they are opened turn
within the limits of their respective compartments so as not to interfere
with drawers or other parts of the central compartment.
Quadrants or other stops may also be employed to regulate the
distance of opening, or for other purposes.
The angle of the opening of the doors may be set at pleasure to the
position of the person using them.
By these means the advantage of two cheval glasses will be obtained
without extra expense in the construction of the wardrobe with a saving
of the cost of such cheval glasses as well as of the space they would
occupy.
Similar arrangements are also applicable to other articles of furniture,
as well as in the fitting of tailors', milliners', and other show and such
like rooms.
IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER METERS AND IN APPARATUS FOR BOBING CYLINDERS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Pattison Sheldon at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th April 1870.
I, EDWARD PATTISON SHELDON, of St. Nicholas Iron and Engino
Works, Carlisle, in the County of Cumberland, do hereby deolaro the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WATER METERS AND IN
APPARATUS FOR BOBING CYLINDERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in water meters and in
apparatus for boring cylinders.
My improved meter like many others is composed of a cylinder and
piston, and in cases where there is a sufficient pressure of water I use two
slide valves for alternately letting the water in and out of the cylinder,
and in the case of very low pressure only one valve for this purpose. Both
of these plans are also in use. Heretofore when a straight cylinder has
been used the piston has usually been fitted with a rod working through a
stuffing box through which it has to slide the entire stroke or travel of
the piston for the purpose of working the inlet and outlet valve or valves,
and the indicator for registering the quantity of water. This motion

page_text: obtained on the slide faces, consequently they are not so liable to get out
of order. In cases where the fall or pressure of the water is very low,
insufficient to work the valves, which is usually done by the pressure of
the water, my improvement is to balance the cylinder on pivots, and
when the piston reaches the end of each stroke it detaches a catch, and
by its excess of weight causes that end of the cylinder to fall as much
below the horizontal line as it had previously been above it, and so gives
instantaneous motion to the valvo by the connecting rod before mentioned.
The opposite end of the cylinder by that time takes the position above
the horizontal line, and is so held by a catch until it is relieved by the
return of the piston, when the position is again changed and continues to
vibrate at every stroke of the piston. This same operation I perform by
a piston made lighter than the water, and giving the motion in the reverse
of the before named. The packing of the pistons consists of two or
more brass rings, the outside diameter made to fit the cylinder, each ring
is cut to admit of its expanding, the cuts being placed at different angles
to maintain the circle; beneath those rings is an india-rubber ring for
elasticity, and under that is another metallic ring cut into three segments.
On each segment is a stud which projects through the inner part of
the piston, and in the inside of the piston is fitted a three-throw
eccentric plate for expanding the whole outwards as the packing rings
wear.
The boring machine I propose for boring the cylinders is constructed
with three pairs of centres to take in three boring bars, and has a self-
acting table upon which three cylinders can be readily fixed side by side
and the whole bored out at the same time.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GRATE BARS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Fox at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
October 1870.
I, WILLIAM Fox, Nortongate, off Gate Street, Manchester Road,
Bradford, in the County of York, Grocer, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN GRATE BARS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the grate bars of puddling and other similar
furnaces, and is intended to prevent the rapid destruction to which they
are subject in consequence of the intense heat to which they are con-
stantly exposed, and also to prevent the metal from sticking or adhering
to the said grate bars, which constantly occurs when they are greatly
heated, thereby not only wasting the metal and the fuel but also
rendering the work more laborious, lengthened, and expensive. For this
purpose I make the grate bars as well as the front and the back bearers
hollow, and the whole connected so as to form one grate, the hollow
parts of the bars communicating with the hollow parts of the bearers.
In one of the bearers (by preference the front) I form a partition about
the middle thereof, and I cause a stream of cold water to enter at one

page_text: side of the said partition, which after circulating through the first half
of the grate bars passes along the back bearer, where it enters the second
half of the grate bars, and thence passes through and into the second
division of the front bearer and makes its exit through a pipe inserted in
the said second division of the front bearer.
To ensure the grate bars being always full of water I cause the outlet
pipe to be turned up to a suitable height above the level of the said
grate. By this means a constantly circulation of water is kept up
through the whole series of grate bars or grate, keeping them cool and
preventing their rapid destruction and the metal from being wasted and
from sticking or adhering thereto during the process of puddling.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE VENTILATION OF HATS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Franklin Tocher at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 31st
March 1870.
I, FRANKLIN Tocher, of 81, Southampton Street, Camberwell, in the
County of Surrey, Hatter, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE VENTILATION OF HATS," to be as
follows:-
This Invention consists in introducing a tube of india-rubber (or other
suitable material) perforated with holes around the inside of the hat
between the lining and the body in the part which comes immediately
in contact with the head. The perforations in the tube being made
vertically, a free current of air is allowed to pass up between the lining
and the body of the hat, and by this means it becomes thoroughly
ventilated. By the adoption of this tube also the fitting of the hat is
rendered easy and comfortable to the head. It can be applied to all
kinds of hats, either hard or soft, and the Invention is especially adapted
for those hats to be worn in hot climates. The tube can be attached
to the hat between the body and the lining either by sewing or by some
suitable adhesive substance as may be found convenient.
AN IMPROVED LUBRICATING APPARATUS FOR LUBRICATING THE SLIDE VALVES AND CYLINDERS OF STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Pardoe Ferris at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 23rd September 1870.
I, JOHN PARDOE FERRIS, of Leyton, in the County of Essex, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED LUBRICATING APPARATUS FOR LUBRICATING THE SLIDE VALVES AND
CYLINDERS OF STEAM ENGINES," to be as follows:-
The Invention consists of a chamber of any desired form and size,
which shall contain the lubricative matter. The upper part of the said
chamber is formed to receive a cock or plug, which said cock or plug
embraces a channel or aperture for feeding the chamber with the
lubricative matter, another for regulating the discharge of the said
lubricative matter, and a third for permitting the escape of the displaced
air during the process of filling the chamber; at the lower part of the
said chamber is a screw plug for releasing the water that may have
accumulated therein; through the centre of the chamber passes a tube
for the double purpose of conducting the steam to the said chamber, and
permitting the escape of the lubricative matter therefrom.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING CHAFF, AND OTHER SIMILAR VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Tester at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th May
1870.
I, JAMES TESTER, of Hurst Green, in the County of Sussex, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
FOR CUTTING CHAFF, AND OTHER SIMILAR VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES," to be as
follows:-
:-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in machinery for cutting
chaff, straw, hop bines, stalks, and other similar vegetable substances, the
principal object of the Invention being to enable any length of cut to be
made by a novel method of actuating the feed motion.
The machine consists of a table set on standards and supporting the
feeding box, one end of which is open to receive the hay, the other end
is provided with bearings in which two horizontal toothed or grooved
rollers are set one above the other, the journal boxes of the upper roller
being held in slides and secured at a suitable distance from the lower
roller by screw nuts, the crank motion also sliding so as to take any
thickness of feed. Close to the feeding box a driving wheel is secured

page_text: by a horizontal shaft fixed thereto on one side only, the shaft passing
through bearings on the table and extending to the front of the box in
order to operate the cutting knife. This wheel is formed with a slot
extending from the centre towards the periphery, and in the slot
a connecting rod is adjusted at any required distance from the centre,
so as to cause it to vary in its stroke, and being joined below the table
to a rocking frame (working on a transverse shaft in the cross standards),
the opposite ends of which project under the box and beyond the table,
it operates two forked rods ascending to a double or rocking pall motion
one on each side of a ratchet wheel set on the lower shaft, which
carries a pinion gearing with a similar pinion on the shaft of the upper
roller; thus each revolution of the driving wheel gives two motions to
the palls, rack, and rollers, and the moment each supply of material is
thus forced out of the feeder the knife cuts off the length protruding,
the feed motion being stationary at such instant. The slot in the driving
wheel may be marked by divisions so as to indicate the position in
which the connecting rod should be fixed in order to cut a particular
length of material, and the lower extremity of the connecting rod may
also be joined to the rocking frame in different bearings, moveable pin
joints being provided for the purpose.
By these arrangements the palls may be made to throw the rack
wheel over to the extent of one or other number of teeth, and thereby
thrust out any length of hay, straw, or other material to be cut by the
knife. The driving wheel may be actuated by tooth gearing, and the
machine may be driven by hand or steam power.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS FOR GENERATING STEAM
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Boyd at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 1st December
1870. A communication from abroad by Richard Lever, of Val-
paraiso, South America, Boiler Maker.
"
I, ROBERT BOYD, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Patent Agents,
of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS FOR GENERATING STEAM,”
a communication to me from abroad by Richard Lever, of Valparaiso,
South America, Boiler Maker, to be as follows :-
The improvements consist in making boilers with an outer and inner
boiler connected together by means of tubes acting as stays and passage
ways, through which the water may and is intended to circulate between
such outer and inner boiler, thereby presenting increased heating surface
by the passage of the flame and smoke between the boilers and around
the tubes, the tubes serving also to prevent the collapsing of the flues.
The improvements may be carried into effect by making the boiler
like an ordinary Cornish boiler, and in the flue thereof may be inserted
an inner boiler, such inner boiler being connected with the outer boiler

page_text: may con-
by means of metal tubes which act as stays and allow the free passage
of water between and through the boilers. The inner boiler
veniently be made sufficiently shorter than the outer to leave room for
the fire-bars. The flue space between the inner and outer boilers may be
of any desired dimensions. Man-holes should be furnished to both the b
outer and inner boilers.
IM- PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RAILWAYS AND TRAMWAYS FOR CONVEYANCES TO MOVE UPON
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alexander Kay at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th March
1870.
I, ALEXANDER KAY, of 91, Kennington Road, Lambeth, in the County
of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF RAILWAYS AND TRAMWAYS FOR CONVEYANCES
TO MOVE UPON," to be as follows:—
This Invention has for its object the combining cheapness of con-
struction with great durability and facility for reparation. Metal ties,
shoes, chairs, or brackets, notched, slotted, or grooved together are
used instead of transverse sleepers of wood and brackets screwed, bolted,
or spiked together, no dovetail being used. The longitudinal way is
fitted to suit a bracket, shoe, or chair at an obtuse angle, they being
narrower at the bottom than the top. The shoes, chairs, or brackets are
grooved, slotted, or notched so as to fit the transverse ties. The transverse
ties are notched, sloted, or grooved to suit the shoe, chair, or bracket
that may be used. They are both held firmly together by aid of a slip
plate which corresponds in thickness to the groove, slot, or notch in the
transverse ties, and in width to the inside of chair or shoe, and this slip

page_text: plate maintains the spike, screw, or bolt, whichever may be used, in a
perpendicular position for fixing the longitudinal way, whether wood or
metals used separately or together.
I also have an improved wood sleeper and metal rail for the longi-
tudinal way and improved method of fixing same. The wood sleeper {
being narrower at the bottom than the top and grooved on the top to
fit the tongue in the bottom of the rail, and the spikes, screws, or bolts
placed angle fashion, neither perpendicular nor horizontal, for the purpose
of preventing decay on ways and carriages, and preventing that ringing
sound which is heard as the carriages pass along.
The other ways, besides railways and tramways, consist in useing
longitudinal rails or plates requireing to be kept at any parallel distance
from each other for other conveyances as well as tramway and railway
conveyances.
AN IMPROVED PORTABLE Apparatus for GENERATING ILLUMINATING GAS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Pardoe Ferris and Edward
Craddock at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 23rd April 1870.
We, JOHN PARDOE FERRIS and EDWARD CRADDOCK, both of 17,
Gresham Street, in the City of London, Civil Engineers, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED PORTABLE
Apparatus for GENERATING ILLUMINATING GAS," to be as follows:-
Our Invention consists in constructing of tin, iron, or other suitable
metal, and of any form and size, a chamber arranged in several compart-
ments or divisions. One or more of the said compartments or divisions
are to contain cotton or any equally absorbing material, which may be
saturated with a highly volatile oil or spirit, or the said compartment
may contain oil or spirit alone. Another of the said compartments or
divisions serves as a reservoir or receptacle for containing the oil or
spirit required to renew the constant consumption of gas generated, and
the said reservoir is fitted with a guage or index to indicate its contents,
and a self-acting valve or plug for regulating an intermittent flow of the
oil or spirit from the reservoir to the compartment or division containing
the saturated cotton, such intermittent supply being essential to the

page_text: maintaining of a uniform volume of flame at the burners. Arranged in
one or more of the said compartments or divisions or otherwise connected
with the apparatus are bellows, fans, or other air feeders for supplying
atmospheric air to the compartment or division containing the saturated
cotton. Contained in another of the said compartments or divisions
is an ordinary clockwork movement or other suitably constructed
mechanism, that when in motion performs at the same moment the
treble duty of regulating the flow of the oil or spirit from the reservoir
to the compartment containing the saturated cotton, working the air
feeders for supplying atmospheric air to the same compartment, and
forcing the amalgamated gasses therefrom through the outlet and along
the tubing connected between the apparatus and burners.
IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS LAMPS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Ford at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th April
1870.
I, THOMAS FORD, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN GAS LAMPS," to be as follows:-
My Invention relates principally to such gas lamps as are ordinarily
employed for lighting the halls of dwelling houses and called hall or
vestibule lamps, but is also applicable to gas lamps in general.
I will describe my Invention as applied to a hall lamp.
In
My said Invention consists, firstly, of the following arrangement of
parts for fixing and liberating the globes or shades of gas lamps.
addition to the tubes by which the gallery carrying the globe or shade
is supported, and through one of which the gas is supplied to the burner, I
employ another or additional tube. This additional tube is fixed to the
bottom of the central tube of the lamp, and is provided with a sliding
rod capable of being raised and lowered vertically in the said additional
tube. The sliding rod carries at its bottom the ornamental metallic ring

page_text: or corona which ordinarily surmounts the globe or shade. When the
sliding rod is lowered so as to bring the corona on to the top of the globe
or shade it fixes the said globe or shade in its place and prevents it from
being lifted from the gallery. When it is wished to remove the globe
or shade for any purpose the sliding rod carrying the corona is raised,
when the globe or shade may be lifted from the gallery and removed
from the lamp.
My said Invention consists, secondly, in the following arrangement of
parts for facilitating the depression of the burner of the lamp and parts
immediately connected therewith for the purpose of facilitating the
removal and replacement of the globe or shade and the lighting of the
lamp. Instead of connecting the burner and gallery carrying the globe
or shade to the frame of ornamental tubing I connect the said burner
and gallery to a central tube. The said central tube conveys the gas
to the burner, and is connected to an ordinary water slide situated above
the ornamental frame of tubing. By this arrangement the burner and
gallery can be depressed from the frame of ornamental tubing for
lighting the lamp or for other purpose, and the inconvenience of gaining
access to the burner which attends the ordinary construction of hall
lamps is remedied.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DIVING "DRESSES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Siebe, William Augustus
Gorman, and Thomas Forster at the Office of the Commissioners
of Patents, with their Petition, on the 4th March 1870.
We, HENRY SIEBE and WILLIAM AUGUSTUS GORMAN, of No. 5,
Denmark Street, Soho, in the County of Middlesex, and THOMAS
FORSTER, of Streatham Common, in the County of Surrey, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN DIVING
"DRESSES," to be as follows:-
Diving dresses have hitherto been made of strong tanned cloth or
canvas, two of such cloths being united together by means of india-rubber
of sufficient thickness to withstand with the aid of the cloths the pressure
to which they are exposed.
The object of tanning the cloth is to prevent or retard the decom-
position of the fabrics, as from the large quantity of water they absorb
and the want of ready means to perfectly dry them they are very liable
to decay; from that cause arises a serious anxiety as well as cost to the
divers.

page_text: Our improvement in the manufacture of diving dresses consists in
making the interior of strong cloth or canvas and the exterior of india-
rubber combined with sulphur with or without other matters, and after
the dress is made subjecting it to heat to vulcanize it.
In the manufacture of the old kind of dress named above the seams
were sewn together and the seam afterwards covered inside with a
proofed strip of the same material, care being taken to cut off the
capillary attraction of the cloth by removing a narrow strip of it near
the seam so as to lay bare the india-rubber, so that by laying on a piece
of single fabric strongly coated with rubber and of a greater width
than the part exposed on the dress and putting the india-rubber surfaces
together by means of india-rubber cement a water-tight seam was made.
But in our improvement we use no sewing but simply remove a portion
of the cloth of about inch wide down the edge of the piece that is to
lap on the outside of the corresponding part, so that the rubber may be
in perfect contact with rubber and prevent capilliary attraction while
the remaining portion of the lap has about 1 inch or more of the cloth
left, which when the whole is well put together by india-rubber cement
and afterwards cured forms a strong and excellent joint. And all those
parts of the dress that are subject to the most wear, such as the feet, the
knees, the arms, and the crutch, are strengthened with extra sheets of
the india-rubber compound without the intervention of canvas, which has
always been used in such parts in the old dress, and although protecting
them for some time has been an element of destruction from the capillary
attraction.
Our improved dresses being vulcanized do not become stiff and hard
but remain supple and pliant in use, allowing the divers more easily to
use their limbs.
A NEW DESCRIPTION OF KNIFE STEEL FOR. INSTANTLY IMPARTING AN UNIFORM KEEN EDGE ON TABLE KNIVES, BUTCHERS' KNIVES, AND LARGE KNIVES GENERALLY
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Harle Horsfield at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th July 1870.
I, WILLIAM HARLE HORSFIELD, of 86, Rockingham Street, Newington
Causeway, in the County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "A NEW DESCRIPTION OF KNIFE STEEL FOR. INSTANTLY
IMPARTING AN UNIFORM KEEN EDGE ON TABLE KNIVES, BUTCHERS' KNIVES, AND
LARGE KNIVES GENERALLY," to be as follows:-
To consist of a turned circular rod of hard polished steel with a series
of grooves, channels, or flutes cut lengthwise on its surface, either
straight or in a spiral direction, the edges of each groove to form cutters,
the polished surface between each groove to act as a burnisher, thereby
producing an uniform keen edge on table knives, butchers' knives, and
large knives generally.
IMPROVED MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR DISCHARGING CAUSTIC SODA FROM POTS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Duncan, George
Hutchin, and Samuel Morton Harrison at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 20th August 1870.
We, GEORGE DUNCAN, of Liverpool, in the County of Lancaster,
Engineer, GEORGE Hutchin, of the same Place, Biscuit Manufacturer,
and SAMUEL MORTON HARRISON, also of the same Place, Manager of
Alkali Works, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
IMPROVED MEANS AND APPARATUS FOR DISCHARGING CAUSTIC SODA FROM POTS,"
to be as follows :
66
Hitherto caustic soda has been discharged or removed from the pots in
which it is manufactured by hand ladles. The losses and inconveniences
incidental to the practice are considerable and obvious on reflection.
Now the object of our Invention is to discharge caustic soda from pots
in less time, to leave less of it with the "bottoms," and to facilitate the
filling of packages for transport. For these purposes we displace the
caustic soda from the pots. A weighted vessel is convenient. When
the caustic soda is ready for discharge the said weighted vessel or its
equivalent is caused or allowed to descend or enter amongst the soda

page_text: and displace it over a spout or way, whence it passes to the transport
packages. Every pot may be provided with a displacing vessel, but in
practice we prefer to employ one displacing vessel carried on or by a
crane, say an overhead travelling crane, for a row or number of pots,
taking them in succession.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MARINE CHRONOMETERS, WATCHES, AND OTHER TIMEKEEPERS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Children Philcox and
Thomas Saint at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 25th January 1870.
We, GEORGE CHILDREN PHILCOX and THOMAS SAINT, of 163, Goswell
Street Road, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MARINE CHRONOMETERS, WATCHES,
AND OTHER TIMEKEEPERS," to be as follows:--
This Invention consists of a modified and improved form in the pro-
pelling and detaining levers of the escapement patented by Geo. Philcox,
No. 730, 1852, the blow, push, or shove given in the line of centre.
The alteration is a concave angle, by which form I obtain more freedom
and of necessity correct proportions. (The train consists of centre wheel
64 pinion 8, second wheel 60 do. 8, third wheel 90, pinion 6, propelling
levers cut 8, with duplex locking; this number gives 120 beats 1 minute,
being dead 2 seconds, seconds given from third wheel.) This escape-

page_text: ment is applicable to marine or pocket chronometers, table or carriage
clocks, and other timekeepers.
.
7
The annexed diagram, will more fully explain the nature of our
Invention, wherein No. 1 shews the propelling lever, and No. 2 the
detaining lever.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF SURFACES ADAPTED FOR PAINTING, PHOTOGRAPHIC, AND OTHER PRINTING
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Vincent Wallace at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
9th November 1870.
I, WILLIAM VINCENT WALLACE, of Clapham, in the County of Surrey,
Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PREPARATION OF SURFACES ADAPTED FOR PAINTING,
PHOTOGRAPHIC, AND OTHER PRINTING," to be as follows:-
My Invention is intended to provide a substitute for ivory, paper, or
other materials hitherto in use for painting and printing on, in which
great delicacy and evenness of surface is required.
And my Invention consists in the preparation of metal or other surface
impervious or nearly so to the mixture herein-after stated, by the appli-
cation of the various kinds of wax or its compounds, white or coloured,
by preference pure sun bleached wax mixed by means of a carefully
applied heat with a white body colour, such as flake white, white lead,
zinc white, or similar substances, either pure or tinted. The said
mixture is applied to the metal or other surface by heat or by other
convenient means.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CERTAIN FURNACES USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Beardmore at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
November 1870.
..
I, WILLIAM BEARDMORE, of Parkhead, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said. Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CERTAIN FURNACES USED IN THE MANUFACTURE OF IRON," to
be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to certain improvements in furnaces, used for
puddling and reheating iron, and its object is to cause the extremities or
tips of the flame and highly heated gases to be brought lower down
upon the charge than obtains in existing arrangements of furnaces, in
order that the reaction of the flame upon the charge may take place in a
shorter space of time.
The object referred to is carried into effect by forming that part of the
roof above the hearth or bath of such a shape that its lower portion dips
below the level of the bridge, this may be effected, by building the brick-
work of the roof of a curved shape, and deeper towards the centre than
at the sides or ends, or a shield of fire-clay or other suitable material
having such form may be introduced.
IMPROVEMENTS IN HAND PUNCHING MACHINES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Andrew at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
February 1870.
I, THOMAS ANDREW, of Commercial Street, London, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
HAND PUNCHING MACHINES," to be as follows :—
<<
"
My improvements consist in adapting a short ratchet lever (to which
is communicated a vibrating motion) to the ordinary screw bear" in
the following manner:-On the upper part of the rear of the "bear
is welded a piece of iron a few inches in length of strength sufficient
to avoid spring according to the strain or intended power of the "bear."
This tail piece must be bent upwards so as to face a lever herein-after
described. The side of the tail piece facing the lever I form flat, and it
is steel faced to sustain the friction put upon it. On the top of the
screw of the bear is placed a ratchet lever of strength sufficient to avoid
spring, whose length equals the length of the bear and tail piece as
above described. The ratchet is furnished with one or more pawls made
to throw in and out of gear by an eccentric or other suitable motion.
The head of the screw is formed with a projection or square nut which

page_text: must project above the ratchet lever to be used for raising or depressing
the main screw rapidly as herein-after described for withdrawing the
punch from the hole made. The lever thus constructed has a vibrating
motion communicated to it sufficient to slip and catch a fresh pawl at
every vibration, this vibrating motion is obtained by any convenient
mechanical contrivance that shall force the lever backwards by pressure
against the tail piece till the lever is sufficiently moved to catch a fresh
pawl and bring it back to its first position.
In practice I obtain a convenient motion by rotating a simple crank
or cam of sufficient throw to catch a fresh tooth on the ratchet at each
revolution. To apply_this_the_end_of_the_lever_opposite_the_tail_piece_is_
forked, the space between the forks equalling the sum of the rise and
fall of the main screw in the process of punching and the width of the
tail piece, so that the entire surface of the tail piece may always have a
full bearing against the crank (which is made the full width of the fork)
at any point of the rise or depression of the lever which rises or falls
with the main screw in the process of punching. The crank is con-
nected to the lever and tail piece in the usual manner, or the tail piece
may be forked and the lever left plain. In using this machine for
punching the screw of the "bear" is first set down on the plate to be
punched by rotating it with a "spanner," "tommy," or ratchet, the
crank or other motion is then employed till the screw is sufficiently down
to have punched the plate, when the pawls of the ratchet are thrown out
gear and a "spanner,
," "ratchet," or "tommy," applied to the head of
the main screw quickly withdraws it and places it in position to punch
a fresh hole, when the pawls are released, and the operation can be
commenced over again.
of
Iм- PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WELDED IRON AND STEEL TUBES, AND IN APPARATUS THEREFOR
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Andrew Stewart and James
Stewart at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 24th June 1870.
We, ANDREW STEWART and JAMES STEWART, of Glasgow and
Coatbridge, both in the County of Lanark, North Britain, Tube Manu-
facturers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WELDED IRON AND STEEL TUBES, AND IN
APPARATUS THEREFOR," to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention has for its objects to improve and cheapen the manu-
facture of welded iron and steel tubes by effecting in a single operation
(instead of two or more as hitherto employed) the bending of the flat
plate into the overlapped or butt jointed tube or skelp ready for the
ordinary welding process. And in carrying out the Invention the plate
is drawn from the heating furnace and first passed through a pair of
plain horizontal rolls (that is, rolls with their axes horizontal) which
guide and present it in a proper manner to the first pair of bending rolls.
The first pair of bending rolls are horizontal, the lower one being
concave and the upper one convex, and after passing them the partially
bended plate is guided by a mandril or internal guide which controls

page_text: the bending over of the sides as the plate passes on to the second pair
of bending rolls, which are vertical, and which bend the plate round into
the overlapped or butt jointed form required for the tube; the tube
next passes through a pair of horizontal rolls shaped with suitable
concave grooves; and finally, if necessary, through another similar pair of
rolls which insure its leaving the apparatus in the desired form. Lateral
guide blocks are arranged in the spaces traversed by the plate or skelp
between one pair of rolls and the next to guide and prevent it from
deviating to either side from its proper course.
A NEW OR IMPROVED FOUNTAIN
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William George Reeve at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th October 1870.
I, WILLIAM GEORGE REEVE, of Haydon House, New Cross, in the
County of Kent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "A NEW OR IMPROVED FOUNTAIN," to be as follows:-
.
My Invention consists in causing a jet of fluid to pass upward
through a nozzle into an enclosed vessel by means of a syphon, which
in its action produces a vacuum in the vessel into which the nozzle
enters, by these means a continuous flow or jet is obtained by the
pressure of the air upon the water or other fluid contained in the cistern,
although the said cistern be actually below the level of the said nozzle,
vessel, or fountain.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LEATHER LACES AND STRIPS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Saunderson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his, Petition, on tho
2nd November 1870..
I, THOMAS SAUNDERSON, of Upper Holloway, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS AND IN THE MANUFACTURE OF LEATHER LACES
AND STRIPS," to be as follows:-
The improvements have for their object the readily and economically
manufacturing or cutting laces or strips of or from leather, and consist
in furnishing the ordinary eccentric press used at present for cutting
leather soles with a set or series of blades or knives of any desired form
or shape, arranged preferably in parallel lines, made to travel and to cut
out the leather fed or placed on the bed plate of such press.
The improvements may be carried into effect by furnishing the
ordinary presses now in use with an upper frame or plate, supplied with
the number of knives required placed at that distance apart to the'
breadth of which the laces or strips are intended to be cut, and pre-
ferably of the length of such laces or strips, or they may be arranged

page_text: in any convenient lengths, such blades being fixed parallel one to the
other, or in any other desired position. The leather being fed to the
press the knives are brought into action in the usual way, and the result
gives laces or other strips of leather more expeditiously and uniformly
made than before, and thus saves time and also economizes material.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TREATING SEWAGE AND IN MANUFACTURING MANURE
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Bartholomew at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th July 1870.
I, CHARLES BARTHOLOMEW, of Doncaster, in the County of York, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
TREATING SEWAGE AND IN MANUFACTURING MANURE," to be as follows:-
-
This Invention has for its object improvements in treating sewage
and in manufacturing manure. For these purposes I pass sewage
through a filter charged with earth, and to accellerate the flow and also
simultaneously to cause air to traverse the filter I employ suction or
air pressure. In this way the sewage is exposed to the oxidizing action
of the air. whilst in the filter and in contact with the earth which it
contains, this greatly aids in rendering it innoxious.
To prevent the earth in the filter becoming spent and clogged with
the impurities of the sewage without stopping the operation of the filter
I remove some of the earth continuously or from time to time from the
bottom of the filter and add fresh earth at the top.
The earth removed from the filter is valuable as a manure.
APPARATUS FOR PURIFYING SEWAGE
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Frost Sweetland and
John Merfield at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 27th October 1870.
We, WILLIAM FROST SWEETLAND, of Hendon, and JOHN MERFIELD,
of No. 216, Goswell Road, Islington, both in the County of Middlesex,
"IMPROVEMENTS
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
IN APPARATUS FOR PURIFYING SEWAGE," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for
purifying sewage. For this purpose we employ tanks each with a per-
forated false bottom or floor, on which a filtering bed is laid. Over the
filtering bed is a tray with a bottom of woven fabric or other reticulate
material, and into this the sewage is run, the air is exhausted by an air
pump or in other convenient way from beneath the false bottom or floor
and then the pressure of the air on the surface of the sewage in the tray
forces the liquid parts of the sewage through the open fabric or material
forming the bottom of the tray, and through the filtering bed beneath
into the lower part of the tank, from whence it is drawn or allowed to
escape in its clear and purified state to any outfall.
From time to

page_text: time the tray with the solid material remaining in it is lifted out of the
tank, and the solid material is removed for use as manure. When after
a time the filtering bed requires to be removed. the bottom or floor on
which it is laid is similarly lifted out of the tank to be discharged and
for the filtering bed to be relaid. Where the apparatus is large the false
bottom or floor on which the filtering bed is supported may be made in
a number of sections moveable separately. Or the side of the tank may
be made to open to allow the bottom or floor to run out on guide rails.
Two or more tanks are employed, and they are worked alternately, that
is to say, when the tray with the accumulation of solid materials is lifted
out of one tank the sewage is directed into the other. The tank and
false bottom or floor and the tray may be cylindrical or of other form.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF METAL PLATES EMPLOYED FOR FLAT PRINTING AND OTHER ANALOGOUS PURPOSES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Michael Daintry Hollins at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th September 1870:
I, MICHAEL DAINTRY HOLLINS, of Stoke-upon-Trent, in the County
of Stafford, Manufacturer of Tiles and Mosaic Pavements, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF METAL PLATES EMPLOYED FOR FLAT PRINTING AND OTHER
ANALOGOUS PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved method of making metal plates
such as are used for flat printing.
The following is a description of the process of manufacture employed
by me In the first place a foundation or "bat" composed of plaster of
Paris or of other similar material is on its upper surface coated with a
thin layer of clay; upon this clay a pattern is then traced, and the
portion of clay comprised within the lines of the pattern and forming
that part of the pattern which will be the indent on the metal plate is
cut out and removed. A plaster cast is then taken of the surface of the
"bat" which has been so treated, and from this cast an impression in
clay is again taken. This impression is allowed to dry, and when suffi-

page_text: ciently hard the molten metal is poured upon it. The metal when cold
forms a plate from which printing can be effected in the same way as
from a metal plate engraved by hand in the way usually adopted in
producing metal plates used for flat printing.
My improved process is found to be well adapted for the production of
printed tiles, but it may also be applied to other analogous purposes, and
in the manufacture of other printed articles.
The metal employed by me in my improved process of manufacture
is the same as is used for metal printing plates that are engraved by
hand, but other metals may be employed.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SKATES
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Sir Charles Henry Pennell at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 9th July 1870.
I, Sir CHARLES HENRY PENNELL, of Woodlands, Weybridge, in the
County of Surrey, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SKATES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of the following,―
First. A separate movable or traversing platform of wood or other
substance attached to the front part of the skate, and capable of exact
adjustment to suit the varying requirements. of skaters.
Secondly. A new and effective mode of securing the boot or shoe to
the skate by means of a heel clamp and of side clamps.
These objects are effected as follows:―
First. Traversing Platform.-A small horizontal iron plate is secured
to the front part of the skate, and on this plate the platform traverses
and is secured by means of screws, or screws and nuts, to the under
part of the plate. The platform is curved or hollowed in the centre
to suit the curve of the sole.

page_text: Secondly. Heel Clamp.―This clamp works by means of a screw at the
heel of the skate. It secures the heel of the boot or shoe to the heel
of the skate by firmly clamping the front part of the heel of the boot
or shoe. It is adjusted to the length of the heel by means of the screw
and to the depth by two small nuts and screws affixed to the under part
of the bed plate of the skate.
Thirdly. Side clamps are fixed in their place by small bolts passing
through the platform, secured by nuts and screws, or by screws only, to
the plate already mentioned under the first head, in the same manner
as the platform. Being movable they can be adapted to the width of 1
any sole, and being made of different sizes to the depth of the sole.
Fourth. The above improvements are intended to be applied to all
skates, whether made wholly of steel, or iron, or other metal, or composed
of iron, steel, wood, or any other substance.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF OPENING OUT SHEET GLASS CYLINDERS
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Windle Pilkington at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 28th December 1870.
I, WILLIAM WINDLE PILKINGTON, of St. Helens, in the County of
Lancaster, Glass Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF OPENING OUT SHEET GLASS CYLINDERS,"
to be as follows:―
I direct upon or bring into contact with the exterior surface of the
dome-like closed end of a sheet glass cylinder a jet-like current of
incandescent carbonic oxide or other inflamable gas for the purpose of
making an aperture in the said dome-like closed end. After the said
aperture has been made or formed the cylinder is cut lengthwise, and
the glass is afterwards flattened. The effective action of the jet-like
current or flame of burning gas is augmented by maintaining the air

page_text: within the cylinder above or below atmospheric pressure. I therefore
avail myself in practice of the said augmented effective action, but I
do not confine myself thereto, as during the perforating the cylinder
may be open to the air, or it may contain air at ordinary pressure.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKETS, WHICH SAID IMPROVE- MENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO BROOCHES, BRACELETS, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF JEWELLERY
Year: 1870

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Ashwin and Robert
Carter at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 22nd July 1870.
We, JOHN ASHWIN and ROBERT CARTER, trading under the Firm
of J. Ashwin and Company, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Gold Locket Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOCKETS, WHICH SAID IMPROVE-
MENTS ARE APPLICABLE TO BROOCHES, BRACELETS, AND OTHER ARTICLES OF
JEWELLERY," to be as follows :—
Our improvements consist in constructing the body of lockets in the
usual manner, except that on the face of each body is provided two
raised tubes or holders which are for the purpose of receiving between
them a sliding face for which they act as guides, and which sliding face
constitutes the real face of the locket. Thus, one body may receive
successively any number of different faces, each one of which may be
exchanged at pleasure and without difficulty.

page_text: It will be obvious that a shifting face (which is the Invention we
desire to secure) may in a similar manner be applied to brooches, the
centres of bracelets, and other articles of jewellery.