CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MAKING OF NAILS, NUTS, BOLTS, AND RIVETS
Year: 1840

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
JACKSON, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Ironmonger, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date at
Westminster, the Nineteenth day of March, in the fourth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
John Jackson, Her especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority,
that I, the said John Jackson, my exors, adiñiors, and assigns, and such
others as I, the said John Jackson, my exors, adñiors, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no other, from time to time and at all times
during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within England and Wales and the Town of Berwick-
upon-Tweed, my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MAKING OF
NAILS, NUTS, BOLTS, AND RIVETS;" in which said Letters Patent is contained
a proviso that I, the said John Jackson, shall cause a particular description
of the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be enrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said in part
recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto
had, will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the sa
John Jackson, do hereby declare the nature of my Invention to consist

page_text: in the construction and arrangement of a machine by which the heads of nails,
bolts, and rivets, and the shape of nuts, are stamped or forced up in a more
perfect and economical way than now practised; and the manner in which
the same is performed and carried into effect will be seen by reference to
the annexed Drawing and the following description; the scale to which the
Drawing is made is marked thereon, and the same letter of reference denotes
the same part on the various views of the machinery shewn in the Drawing.
Figure 1 in the annexed Drawing represents a front view, and Figure 2 a
side view of a machine for effecting the object of my Invention. In these
views A, A, represent two winches or handles by which the machine may be
put in motion when worked by hand, and a, a, are fast and loose pullies for the
same purpose when it is driven by power. On the same shaft on which the
handles A, A, and pullies a, a, are supported, is placed the drum B, having two
series of spikes or projections b, b, b, as best seen at Figure 2, which are so
arranged as to take into the respective links or openings of the endless
chains C, C. These chains pass over the drum D placed perpendicularly over
the drum B, and partake of a uniform motion in the direction of the arrows
seen at Figures 1 and 2, imparted to them from the revolution of the drum B,
the rotation of which is equalized by the fly wheel M at equal distances.
On these parallel endless chains C, C, are placed the three cross bars d, d, d,
for the purpose of elevating the weight or ram E, which is provided with a
small projection e, as seen at Figure 2. This projection e passes between the
two chains C, C, which as they revolve bring one of the cross bars d in
contact, and elevate the ram or weight E until it arrives at the position shewn
in blue lines at F. Here the forked projection f, f, presses back the chains
C, C, and bar d to the position represented in red lines at Figure 2, and
relieves the ram or weight E, which falls on the anvil G below, and is again
elevated by the succeeding bar d, which next comes in contact with the
projection e. Thus every revolution of the chains C, C, elevates and relieves
the ram E three times, which guided by the perpendicular rods H, H, falls
accurately in the same position on the anvil G below, as seen at Figures 1
and 2. The anvil G is supported on a sufficient cast-iron base or foundation,
and held in a fixed position by means of sufficient set screws, as seen at
Figure 1, and the construction of the base or support of this anvil is shewn
in plan and elevation at Figure 3 and 4. In operating with this machine it
is desirable to place it near the fire of the forge where the nails, bolts, or
rivets are heated previous to being headed or the nuts formed, and the speed
at which the chain C, C, are caused to revolve is regulated according to the
nature of the work to be performed. For instance, in heading ordinary spike

page_text: nails, such as used for railway purposes, a quantity of rod iron is cut into
uniform lengths and heated in the forge, the revolution of the chains must
then allow time for the operator to place a length of iron in the die, which is
supported in the lower anvil while the ram E is elevated, and as soon as it
has fallen and the head of the nail is forced up, time must be allowed to
remove the finished nail, and replace it with another length of rod iron to
receive the following fall of the ram E. The time wanted to perform these
various operations will require a slow uniform motion of the chain, which will
be readily ascertained with a little experience. But when the work is of a
lighter nature, such as small nuts or rivet heads, the speed of the chains may
be increased, and the force of the blow can be diminished by varying the
position of the forks f, f, and causing the chain to vibrate and relieve the
ram E at an earlier period. The forks f, f, are supported on the guide rods
H, H, by means of set screws, and can be removed to any elevation so as to
vary the fall of the ram E, according to the force required for the work to be
performed. The removal of the nail or spike from the lower dye supported in
the anvil G is effected by striking the small lever g, which vibrating on its
fulcrum, elevates the rod h, and forces it out, as best seen in section at
Figure 5. The die which shapes the head of the nail, bolt, or rivet, or the
shape of the nut, is carried in the ram E, and can be varied at pleasure, as
well as the force of the blow, which depends on the elevation of the ram, as
already explained, but the actual speed at which the machine can be worked
must greatly depend on the skill of the operative, who removes and supplies
the lower anvil with the heated iron as the process proceeds.
Having now described the nature of my Invention of certain improvements
in the manufacture of nails, nuts, bolts and rivets, together with the manner of
performing and carrying the same into effect, I wish to be understood that
the machinery or apparatus may be varied and modified, and that I do not
claim any separate or well-known part of such machinery, but I do claim
the combination of such or similar parts for raising, guiding, and falling a
ram or weight for the purpose of manufacturing nails, nuts, bolts, and rivets,
as already described; and such Invention being, to the best of my knowledge
and belief, new, and never before used in that part of Her Majesty's Dominions
called England, I deliver this as a true and faithful Specification of the same.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Jackson, have hereunto set my
band and seal, this Tenth day of September, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty.
JOHN (L.s.) JACKSON.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Tenth day of September,
in the year of our Lord 1840, the aforesaid John Jackson came before
our said Lady the Queen in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the Specifi-
cation aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained and specified, in form
above written. And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according
to the tenor of the Statute made for that purpose.
Inrolled the Nineteenth day of September, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and forty.