Improvements in Wrenches for Pipes and Bars.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 13th June, 1893
Complete Specification Left, 20th Oct., 1893-Accepted, 25th Nov., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Wrenches for Pipes and Bars.
I, EDWARD GRIFFITH BREWER, of 33 Chancery Lane, in the County of London,
and 30 East Parade, Leeds, in the County of York Fellow of the Chartered Institute
of Patent Agents do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows
(which invention has been communicated to me from abroad by James Harvey
Williams and William Cox Redfield, carrying on business as J. H. Williams and
Company, of Nos. 9 to 15 Richard Street, in the City of Brooklyn and State of
New York, United States of America, Manufacturers) :-
Wrenches have been made of jaws having serrated edges or teeth and connected
to a lever handle and having a chain permanently connected at one end and adapted
to pass around the pipe, rod, or bar, and be hooked through the jaw.
The present invention relates to this class of wrenches, and it consists in the
peculiar devices for connecting the parts to the handle and for connecting the
moving part of the chain to the jaws to prevent the chain dropping away or
slipping out of position when in use.
With this object in view, the inner faces of the jaws are recessed for receiving
the end portion of the handle, and a cross rivet or bolt passes through the two jaws
and through the end of the handle; and there are annular recesses engaging annular
ribs around the cross bolt or rivet for increasing the surface that receives the strain
so as to prevent injury by the severe strain to which the parts are exposed; and
there are shoulders on the sides of the handle near the end, against which the back
edges of the jaws rest, and such back edges are bevelled or inclined, and the
shoulders riveted up or closed against the inclines so as to effectively prevent the
jaws becoming loose upon the handle.
The bolt or rivet forms a pivotal connection for the inner end of the chain,
the end of the handle being slotted to receive the end link of the chain, and the
chain is made of flat links or plates with cross rivets having projecting heads or
ends, and upon the inner and opposite faces of the jaws there are recesses having
hooked-shaped intermediate projections, the ends of the projections being turned
inwardly towards the handle in the form of hooks, so that the chain, and the pins
of the same, passing in between the jaws, the ends of the pins are received in the
recesses, and the pins hook upon the projections so that the chain is not liable to
become disconnected or drop away, especially when passed upwardly and beneath
the handle and jaw.
By these improvements great strength is obtained in the parts, and the risk of
the chain slipping and becoming loose when in use is effectually prevented.
Dadali. 19th. 1. f Tune 1902
BREWER & SON,
Agents.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Wrenches for Pipes and Bars.
A communication from abroad by JAMES HARVEY WILLIAMS and WILLIAM Cox
REDFIELD, carrying on business as J. H. Williams and Company, of Nos. 9
to 15, Richard Street, in the City of Brooklyn, and State of New York,
United States of America, Manufacturers.
I, EDWARD GRiffith Brewer, of 33 Chancery Lane, in the County of London,
and 30 East l'arade, Leeds, in the County of York. Fellow of the Chartered Institute
of Patent Agents, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what

page_text: manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement :-
Wrenches have been made of jaws having serrated edges or teeth and connected
to a lever handle and having a chain permanently connected at one end and adapted
to pass around the pipe, rod or bar and be hooked through the jaw.
The present invention relates to this class of wrenches and it consists in the
peculiar devices for connecting the parts to the handle and for connecting the
moving part of the chain to the jaws to prevent the chain dropping away or
slipping out of position when in use.
With this object in view, the inner faces of the jaws are recessed for receiving
the end portion of the handle and a cross rivet or bolt passes through the two jaws
and through the end of the handle; and there are annular recesses engaging annular
libs around the cross bolt or rivet for increasing the surface that receives the strain
so as to prevent injury by the severe strain to which the parts are exposed, and
there are shoulders on the sides of the handle near the end, against which the back
edges of the jaws rest, and such back edges are bevelled or inclined and the
shoulders riveted up or closed against the inclines so as to effectually prevent the
jaws becoming loose upon the handle.
The bolt or rivet forms a pivotal connection for the inner end of the chain, the
end of the handle being slotted to receive the end link of the chain, and the chain
is made of flat links or plates with cross rivets having projecting heads or ends,
and upon the inner and opposite faces of the jaws there are recesses having hook-
shaped intermediate projections, the ends of the projections being turned inwardly
towards the handle in the form of hooks, so that the chain and the pins of the
same, passing in between the jaws, the ends of the pins are received in the recesses
and the pins hook upon the projections so that the chain is not liable to become
disconnected or drop away, especially when passed upwardly and beneath the handle
and jaw.
By this improvement great strength is obtained in the parts and the risk of the
chain slipping and becoming loose when in use is effectually prevented.
In the drawings,
Fig. 1 is an elevation of the chain, the handle and the interior of one of the
jaws, the other jaw being removed.
Fig. 2 is a section at the line x, x, longitudinally of the handle.
Fig. 3 is a section at the line y, y, and Fig. 4 shows the interior face of one of
the jaws.
The handle A is of suitable size and shape and it passes in between the two
jaws B and C, and there is a cross bolt D or a rivet that passes through the jaws
and handle and through the swinging link E at one end of the chain F, which link
is shown as within a slot at the end of the handle, and this chain F is made of plate
links, there being two links placed together to form each of the inner links of the
chain, and the cross pins or pivots of the chain have projecting heads to hook upon
the hook-shaped projections on the inner faces of the jaws. The inner faces of the
jaws B and C are grooved longitudinally to receive between them the head of the
handle, but if these parts only were made use of in connecting the jaws to the handle,
the head of the handle might work loose between the jaws in consequence of the
metal being upset, worn or abraded under the heavy strain to which the parts are
sometimes exposed, especially in consequence of the comparatively shallow recess
longitudinally of the jaws into which the head of the handle is received.
To avoid the aforesaid risk of the metallic surfaces that are in contact with each
other becoming injured by the pressure and the parts becoming loose, shoulders 3
are provided upon the handle A that come against the bottom ends of the
respective jaws, and these shoulders 3 not only prevent the jaws from rotating
upon the cross bolt D, but the parts are tightened up in the most reliable manner
by making the surfaces 4 at the ends of the jaws slightly bevelled and by upsetting
the shoulders 3 against such slightly bevelled surfaces 4 and thereby riveting up

page_text: the parts in such a manner as to effectually prevent looseness and hold the jaws
to the handle; this desirable object is furthermore attained by forming upon the
handle at each side of the head a circular bearing lug 6 which is easily fitted into a
recess in the inner faces of the jaws, because such bearing lugs being circular, the
recess in each jaw is easily bored for the lug to fit very tightly, and these circular
bearing lugs 6 relieve the cross bolt D almost entirely from strain except that due
to the tension of the chain, and they also receive the end thrust of the pipe or rod
against the teeth of the jaw, tending to push the jaws back upon the handle, and
these circular bearings act with the shoulders 3 to so firmly connect the jaws and
handle that they cannot be separated by the severe strain to which the wrench is
sometimes exposed. By making the round projecting lugs 6 in the form of rings
and channeling the interior surfaces of the jaws for these annular ribs or rings, as
illustrated in Figs. 2, 3 and 4, the extent of bearing surface is still further increased
and the risk of the parts becoming loose is reduced to a minimum.
Instead of making the hook-shaped lugs G simply inclined, the hook-shaped ends.
of the lugs are turned backwardly or toward the sides of the handle, as shown at 8,
Figs. 1 and 4. Hence the round projecting ends of the pivot pins upon the chain
will be received by these hooking ends of the lugs so as not to drop off. This
construction is especially advantageous when the hooks G below the handle,
receive the pin of that portion of the chain which may hang down below the rest
of the wrench, as illustrated by dotted lines in Fig. 1, because in this position the
links of the chain are not liable to slip off or become detached from the hook-
shaped lugs, and the chain is thereby reliably connected with the hooks upon
the jaws.
It is to be understood that in the use of this wrench for pipes or rods it sometimes
happens that it is most convenient to bring the wrench against the pipe and pass
the chain over and down below the pipe and hook it up between the jaws, and in
this position with the present improvements the wrench can be manipulated without
the risk of the chain becoming detached from the pipe, whereas with inclined lugs
the projecting ends of the pivot pins might slip off the downward inclined ends
of the lugs and thus the chain become disconnected from the pipe and the hold
thereof loosened.
The cross bolt D is represented as passing through the two jaws, and the head of
the handle. This is a convenience in consequence of the link E of the chain
passing into the slot at the end of the handle and through which swinging link the
cross bolt D also passes, but it will be understood that a rivet might take the place
of the cross bolt D, or that a screw may be employed passing through one jaw,
through the head of the handle and the swinging link and into the other jaw, so as
to screw the parts together when this form of connecting device is preferred.
The chain might be fastened at one end by a separate bolt instead of by the
central bolt.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :
First. The combination with the handle having the shoulders 3, of the jaws BC
and the cross bolt or attachment D, the swinging link E passing into a slot at the
head of the handle and having an eye for the cross bolt, the chain and hooks upon
the inner faces of the jaws for receiving the heads of the rivets upon the chain,
substantially as set forth.
Second. The combination with the handle A having the shoulders 3, of the
jaws B C, one at each side of the handle, a bolt or rivet passing across through
the jaws and through the head of the handle, the back ends of the jaws being
bevelled and setting against the shoulders 3 and the jaws being firmly held in
position by spreading or upsetting the shoulders 3 against the bevelled surfaces of
the back ends of the jaws, substantially as set forth.
Third. The combination with the handle having the shoulders 3, of the jaws B

page_text: and C, there being a round projection at each side of the handle head entering a
correspondingly shaped recess in the inner face of cach jaw, the back ends of the
jaw setting against the shoulders 3, a chain connected at one end between the jaws
and interlocking projections for temporarily holding the free portion of the chain,
and a bolt or rivet passing through the jaws, substantially as set forth.
Fourth. The combination with the jaws, each having a longitudinal recess and
an annular recess upon its inner face, of a handle having annular projections at
opposite sides of its head passing into the annular recesses in the inner faces of the
jaws, and setting into the longitudinal recesses, and a cross bolt or connection and a
chain fastened at one end between the jaws, and interlocking projections to
temporarily hold the free portion of the chain, substantially as set forth.
Fifth. The combination with the jaws each having an annular recess upon its
inner face, of a handle having annular projections at opposite sides of its head
passing into the annular recesses in the inner faces of the jaws, and shoulders 3 at
the back ends of the jaws, a cross bolt or connection and a chain fastened at one
end between the jaws and interlocking projections for temporarily holding the free
portion of the chain, substantially as set forth.
Sixth. The combination in a pipe wrench, of jaws recessed longitudinally and
each having a circular recess. a handle having a head adapted to pass into the
longitudinal recesses and projections to pass into the circular recesses, and a cross
bolt or connection passing through the jaws, substantially as set forth.
Seventh. The combination in a pipe wrench of jaws recessed longitudinally and
each having a cucular recess, a handle having a head adapted to pass into the
longitudinal recesses, and projections to pass into the circular recesses, shoulders
upon the handle to come against the back ends of the jaws, and a cross bolt or
connection passing through the jaws, substantially as set forth.
Eighth. The combination in a pipe wrench, of a handle having an end that is
slotted longitudinally, a chain having a link passing into the slot of the handle,
jaws with seriated edges at each side of the handle head, projections upon the
handle head entering recesses in the inner faces of the jaws, and shoulders upon the
handle coming adjacent to the back edges of the jaws, substantially as set forth.
Ninth. The combination in a pipe wrench, of a handle having an end that is
slotted longitudinally, a chain having a link passing into the slot of the bandle,
jaws with serrated edges at each side of the handle head, projections upon the
handle head entering recesses in the inner faces of the jaws, and shoulders upon the
handle and receiving the bevelled back ends of the jaws, the shoulders setting
tightly over and upon such bevelled back ends, substantially as set forth.
Tenth. The combination with the handle and chain in a pipe wrench, of jaws
permanently fastened on the handle and having upon their inner and opposite faces
hook-shaped projections with the ends of the hooks inclined toward the handle
for receiving the projections on the chain and preventing them falling away
therefrom by gravity, substantially as specified.
Eleventh. The combination in a pipe wrench of a handle, jaws with projections
that interlock with the handle and bevelled back ends, there being shoulders upon
the handle setting tightly over and upon such bevelled back ends of the jaws, a
chain connected at one end between the jaws and interlocking projections for
temporarily connecting the free portion of the chain, substantially as set forth.
Twelfth The combination in a pipe wrench, of a handle, jaws connected with
the handle and having bevelled back ends, there being shoulders on the handle
setting tightly over and upon such bevelled back ends, substantially as specified.
thin 20th day of October 1803
BREWER & SON,
Agents.