IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SHIPS' KNEES
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Peter Cato, John Miller, jun', and John Audley,
of Brunswick Dock, Liverpool, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE MANUFACTURE OF SHIPS' KNEES."
Sealed the 6th January 1857, and dated the 6th November 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Peter Cato, John Miller,
and John Audley, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 6th November 1856.
We, PETER CATO, JOHN MILLER, jun', and JOHN AUDLEY, of Brunswick
Dock, Liverpool, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF SHIPS' KNEES," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of ships'
knees. For these purposes the iron in cach case is first prepared by forging it
to a taporing form from the part to be bent towards each end, and this is
accomplished by a plain-faced hammer or tool, worked by steam or other
power. The face of the anvil or the tool on the anvil is formed with angular
or proper shaped grooves, according to the form of the intended elbow or bend
of the intended knees. The tapering of the other parts of the bar of iron is
accomplished by the same hammer acting on the iron when on other parts of
the anvil. The iron being thus forged, is next to be bent into form (which is
preferred to be done hot). The hammer or tool is formed with a face, cor-

page_text: responding with the interior bend or angle to be given to the knee, and the
anvil or tool thereon is made hollow, to correspond with the interior bend or
angle intended to be given to the ship's knee. In some cases, in place of
producing the whole bend at once, two or more hammers or tools and two
or more anvils or tools thereon are used, each made suitable for bending
the bar only part of the whole bend. The hammers are to be worked
by steam or other power, and are to be caused to act by impact or by
pressure.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Peter Cato, John Miller, and John Audley in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 5th May 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, PETER
CATO, JOHN MILLER, jun', and JOHN AUDLEY, of Brunswick Dock, Liverpool,
send greeting.
WHEREAS IIer most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Sixth day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the twentieth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, IIer heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the said
Peter Cato, John Miller, and John Audley, Пer special licence that we, the
said Peter Cato, John Miller, and John Audley, our executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as we, the said Peter Cato, John Miller, and John
Andley, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the terin therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF SHIPS KNEES," upon the condition (amongst others) that we,
the said Peter Cato, John Miller, and John Audley, our executors or admini-
strators, by an instrument in writing under our or their hands and seals, or
under the hand and seal of one of us or them, should particularly describe
and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
-the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Peter Cato, John Miller, jun', and
John Audley, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what

page_text: manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement thereof, that is to say:
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of ships'
knces. For these purposes the iron in each case is first prepared by forging
it to a tapering form from the part to be bent towards each end, and this is
accomplished by a plain-faced hammer or tool, worked by steam or other
power. The face of the anvil or the tool on the anvil is formed with angular
or proper shaped grooves, according to the form of the intended elbow or
bend of the intended knees. The tapering of the other parts of the bar of
iron is accomplished by the same hammer acting on the iron when on other
parts of the anvil. The iron being thus forged, is next to bo bent into form
(which is preferred to be done hot). The hammer or tool is formed with a face
corresponding with the interior bend or angle to be given to the knee, and
the anvil or tool thereon is made hollow, to correspond with the exterior bend
or angle intended to be given to the ship's knee. In some cases, in place
of producing the whole bend at once, two or more hammers or tools and
two or more anvils or tools thereon are used, each made suitable for bend-
ing the bar only part of the whole bend. The hammers are to be worked
by steam or other power, and are to be caused to act by impact or by
pressure.
Having thus stated the nature of our said Invention, we will proceed more
fully to describe the manner of performing the same.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figures 1, 1, and 2, 2, are peculiarly shaped hammer and anvil faces,
attached in the usual manner to any kind of forge hammers, whether worked
by steam, their own gravity, tilt, helve, vacuum, air or water pressure, or any
stamping or punching apparatus of any description, and by which means we
bend to any angle, "set" of angle, or curve pieces of forged or malleable iron
either in a hot or cold state. The V or U shaped jaws in the anvil faces, and
the corresponding projections on the hammer faces or ram, are for the purpose
of bending the pieces of iron required to be bent, and which will be made of
various angles, bevilled angles, and curves, to suit the nature of the work.
For small variations in these angles and curves, or even in the bevilled angles,
and to admit of quickness in working, we use iron, steel, or metal slices of
shapes resembling the Figures 8, 8. The flat faces of Figures 1 and 2 are
intended to prevent the bulging out unequally of the piece of iron which being
bent in the V or curved jaws, and by which the workman may strike the iron
sideways when he perceives any such bulging or widening out.

page_text: In some instances it may be found convenient to have these anvil faces,
jaws, and hammer faces, &c. separate in different machines, or attachable to
the same machine at different times, and not in the compound shape, as shewn,
and we claim their use in that mode as well as in the compound shape; and
we claim the use and application of such or similar hammer faces, anvils, and
slices to any description of forge hammers, stamping or machinery of a like
nature, whether worked by steam, air, vacuum, tilt, helve, water power, or
pressure; and especially to their use and application in any such machinery
as above described for the manufacture of iron knees, riders, crutches, and
breast hooks required for ships, known as "ships' iron knees."
In witness whereof, we, the said Peter Cato, John Miller, jun', and
John Audley, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-
first day of April, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred
and fifty coven
Witness,
WILLIAM GLOVER, of Liverpool.
21st April 1857.
PETER CATO.
(LS.)
JOHN MILLER, J'. (L.s.)
JOHN AUDLEY.
(LS.)