CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1863

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Graham and John Graham, of the Firm
of Messieurs Grabam and Sons, of Burnley, in the County of Lancaster,
Machine Makers, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS
FOR WEAVING."
Sealed the 22nd January 1864, and dated the 31st July 1863.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Graham and
John Graham at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 31st July 1863.
We, WILLIAM GRAHAM and JOHN GRAHAM, of the Firm of Messrs. Graham
and Sons, of Burnley, in the County of Lancaster, Machine Makers, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS
FOR WEAVING," to be as follows:-
Our Invention relates to a new method of weighting the yarn beams in
power looms. Instead of the weights now used, and which are suspended from
the back levers on the loom, we apply compound springs or a single spring,
spiral or otherwise, to the said levers, by attaching one end of the spring or
springs to the back rail and the other end resting on the lever, which lever
may be either straight or of any other convenient shape. The power of the
springs is regulated by a thumbscrew placed upon the under side of the lever.
The thumbscrew works on the end of a bolt which passes through the lever,
to which the swag ropes of the yarn beam are attached.

page_text: In the present system of weighting the yarn beam it is sometimes requisite
to use as many as five or six weights, weighing in the aggregate about three
hundred pounds. By our Invention, these weights, which are both cumbersome
and expensive, are entirely dispensed with. Any amount of weight or pressure
on the lever may be obtained for weaving all descriptions of cloth by means of
the before-mentioned levers and springs and the regulating screw attached to
the swag rope. If preferred, these regulating screws may be attached to
the springs. The letting back of the yarn beam is performed in the usual
manner, but with much greater caso. The vibration in the yarn beam can be
obtained and regulated with the greatest facility and exactness. The above
motion may be applied to one or both sides of the loom inside or out.
Instead of the springs mentioned we can attain the same object by applying
a small lever with a small weight attached to one side of the loom, or both
sides, either inside or out, or by means of the two motions combined. This
lever and weight operate on the yarn beam in a contrary way to the lever and
weight now in use. The weight used in our Invention requires only to be
about ten pounds instead of the three hundred pounds before mentioned.
Our Invention also consists in regulating the length of the connecting or
break rod by means of a moveable portion of the back break, or by a lock
nut, and screw attached to the connecting rod itself, or other equivalent, for
the purpose of suddenly checking the momentum of the loom.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Graham and John Graham in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 28th January 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM
GRAHAM and JOHN GRAHAM, of the Firm of Messieurs Graham and Sons, of
Burnley, in the County of Lancaster, Machine Makers, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Thirty-first day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, in the twenty-seventh year of Her
reign, did for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said William Graham and John Graham, Her special license, that we,
the said William Graham and John Graham, our executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said William Graham and
John Graham, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-

page_text: after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," upon the condition (amongst others)
that we, the said William Graham and John Graham, our executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their, or one of
our or their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office,
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the
said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said William Graham and John Graham,
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement (that is to say):-
Our Invention consists in an improved method of weighting the yarn beams
of power looms, and in regulating the length of the connecting or break rod,
by which the break is applied to suddenly check the momentum of the crank.
shaft of the loom.
And in order that our Invention may be fully understood, we will proceed
to describe the accompanying Sheet of Drawings.
Fig. 1 is an elevation taken from the back of a loom to which one mode
of weighting the warp beam is applied; Fig. 2 is a plan of the same.
a, a, are the loom sides; b, the back rail; and c, the warp beam, which is
furnished with the usual swag ropes d. The end of one of these ropes is
attached to an adjustable piece e in the spring e', and the end of the other to
the hook f; the ends of both the ropes are attached to the screw hooks g,
passing through the lever h, whose fulcrum is at i; to this lever is suspended
the weight k. By regulating the position of this weight on the lever and the
tension of the swag ropes d by the nuts on the screwed hooks g, the tension of
the warp can be adjusted to the requisite extent, according to the quality of
the warp or the fabric to be woven; the tension of the warp is regulated when.
required by the thumbscrews on the hooks g to meet the gradual reduction.
in the diameter of the warp on the warp beam.
Fig. 8 is an elevation taken from the back of a loom, to which a modifi-
cation of our Invention is applied; Fig. 4 is a plan of the same drawn to an
enlarged scale. The parts marked a, b, c, d, e, e', and 9, are similar to those.
shewn in Figs. 1 and 2.
The screwed hooks 9 pass each through a lever h; these levers are hinged

page_text: as usual to the studs i, but instead of being furnished with weights, as now
customary, they are acted upon by the springs 1, screwed at one end to the
cross rail 6, and bearing upon a projecting flange of the lever at the other, as
shewn best in Fig. 4.
In the present system of weighting the yarn beam it is sometimes requisite
to use as many as five or six weights, weighing in the aggregate about three
hundred pounds. By our Invention, these weights, which are both cumber-
some and expensive, are almost or entirely dispensed with; any amount of
weight or pressure on the lever may be obtained for weaving all descriptions
of cloth by means of the before-mentioned levers and springs and the regu-
lating screw attached to the swag rope. If preferred, these regulating screws
may be attached to the springs. The letting back of the yarn beam is per-
formed in the usual manner, but with much greater ease. The vibration in
the yarn beam can be obtained and regulated with the greatest facility and
exactness.
The above motion may be applied to one or both sides of the loom, and
either inside or outside the framing.
Fig. 5 represents an end elevation of a loom to which our second improve-
ment is applied; Figs. 6 and 7 are detached views of the same drawn to an
enlarged scale.
a is the loom side; m, the crank shaft; n, the fly wheel, to which the
break is applied as usual; p is the frog, and 9 the rod for connecting
the frog to tho break o; the end of the rod q is attached to the bracket r,
which is furnished with fine teeth, see Figs. 6 and 7, and this bracket is con-
nected by a bolt passing through a slot to a projection from the break, which
is also furnished with teeth corresponding to those in the bracket r. These
teeth prevent any giving way when the parts are bolted together. By regu-
lating the position of this bracket the length of the break rod 7 can be so
accurately adjusted that the break shall be applied the moment the frog p is
acted upon by the finger on the stop rod, thus suddenly checking the
momentum of the fly wheel, or the break rod 7 may be connected to the
break by a screw and lock nuts or other equivalent means. The adjustment of
the length of the break rod 9 also allows the shuttle room to be regulated
with facility without removing either the break rod or the stop rod for
lenthening or shortening the tongue.
Having thus stated the nature of our Invention, and described the manner
of performing the same, we declare that we claim,―
First, the regulating the tension of the warp by springs instead of weights,
as heretofore customary, as described.

page_text: Secondly, the regulating the tension of the warp by a spring combined with
a weight as described.
And, lastly, regulating the length of the rod for connecting the frog to the
break, as described.
In witness whereof, we, the said William Graham and John Graham,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, the Twenty-third day of
January, One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
WILLIAM GRAHAM. (L.s.)
JOHN GRAHAM.
(L.B.)