IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF COCKS AND TAPS
Year: 1856

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Eugéne Napoléon Cadet, of 36, Rue Folie Méricourt,
Paris, France, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF COCKS AND TAPS."
Sealed the 21st April 1857, and dated the 3rd November 1856.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Eugène Napoléon Cadet
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd November 1856.
I, EUGÈNE NAPOLEON CADET, of Rue Folie Mericourt, France, Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF COCKS AND TAPS," to be as follows:-
1st. The Invention relates to cocks or taps with one or two chambers, and
having the passage therethrough opened and closed by moveable plugs or
valves, either metallic or combined with vulcanized india-rubber, fixed by
a bolt under the rod, or by its lower end being tapered into a conical shape,
and fixed at its end by a nut or pin, and consists in giving the up-and-down
motion to such plug or valve by a rod, provided with a screw and a stuffing
box lid, so as to be capable of pressing tightly upon its seat without undue
torsion being given to such valve.
2nd. The Invention relates to cocks and taps with one chamber, the passage
through which is opened and closed by a clack or hinge valve, provided with a
disc of vulcanized india-rubber to insure perfect closing; and the improve-
ments consist in giving the required motions to such moveable or not moveable
clack or hinge valve by a toothed segment, which turns on a centre of motion
in the interior of the cock, and is worked by a screw thread upon a rod
or spindle, which passes through a stuffing box to the outside of the cock or

page_text: tap, where the thread or spindle is formed to receive a suitable key for opening
and closing the passage through such cocks or taps.
3rd. Also to the application of such opening and closing mechanism outside
of the cock or tap, with clack or hinge valve and wheel gearing.
4th. To cocks or taps with one chamber, as in No. 3, the pivots of the clack
valve not passing through the case; the clack valve being at liberty to open
and close according to the pressure it receives from the liquid.
5th. To cocks or taps such as those in No. 3, but without wheel gearing and
endless screw outside the case, the pivot end receives an arm which operates
the opening or closing as desired.
6th. Relates to cock or taps with two chambers, the valve of which is fixed
to a rod or stem, which at its head has a key with a screw thereon to work in
a worm groove in the cock; and the improvement consists in the application
to such rod or stem of a spiral or other suitable spring, or a tube of india-
rubber to form the packing of the tube which guides the clack or valve. The
stem of the valve passes through a suitable stuffing box to the outside of the
cock or tap, where it is formed to receive a suitable koy.
7th. The improvements relate to syphon cocks or taps which close of them-
selves. I form the passages in such cocks or taps to be opened or closed by a
valve of metal combined with vulcanized india-rubber. I also divide such
syphon cocks into two chambers, one for the entry of the liquid and one for its
outlet. The liquid passes in through a metallic tubo fixed to the body of the
cock. The end of this tube is pointed and pierced with several holes to let out
the gascous liquid. The valve is fixed to a rod with a handle or button at its
end. The rod has a stuffing box, and india-rubber or gutta percha piece, and a
spiral spring working on the parts. By pressing on the handle the liquid]
passes through a passage in the chamber which lies between the valve seat of
the stuffing box.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Eugène Napoléon Cadet in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 2nd May 1857.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EUGÈNE
NAPOLEON CADET, of 36, Rue Folie Méricourt, Paris, France, Manufacturer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Third day of November, in the year of our Lord.
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-six, in the twentieth year of Her reign,

page_text: did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Eugéno Napoléon Cadet, Her special licence that I, the said Eugène
Napoléon Cadet, ny executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Eugène Napoléon Cadet; my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and
lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an. Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OP COCKS AND TAPS," upon
the con-
dition: (amongst others) that I, the said Eugène Napoléon Cadet, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one
of their hands and seals; should particularly 'describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Eugène Napoléon Cadet, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement thereof, that is to say:-
First, the Invention relates to cocks or taps with one or two chambers, and
having the passage therethrough opened and closed by moveable plugs or
valves, either metallic or combined with vulcanized india-rubber, fixed: by
a bolt under the rod, or by its lower end being tapered into a conical shape
and fixed at its end by a nut or pin, and. consists in giving. the up-and-down
motion to such plug or valve by a rod provided with a screw and a stuffing box
lid, so as to be capable of pressing it tightly upon its seat without undue
torsion being given to such valve.
Second, the Invention relates to cocks and' taps with one chamber, the
passage through which is opened and closed by a clack or hinge valve, provided
with a 'dise of vulcanized india-rubber to insure perfect closing.;. and the
improvements consist in giving the required motion's to such: moveable or not
moveable clack or hinge valve by a toothed segment, which turns on a centre
of motion in the interior of the cock, and is worked by a screw thread upon a
rod or spindle which passes through a stuffing box to the 'outside of the cock
or tap, where the thread or spindle is formed to receive a suitable .key for
opening and closing the passage through such cocks or taps.
Third, also to the application of such opening and closing mechanism outside
of the cock or tap, with clack or hinge valve and wheel gearing.

page_text: Fourth, to cocks or taps with one chamber, as in No. 3, the pivots of the
clack valve not passing through the case; the clack valve being at liberty to
open and close according to the pressure it receives from the liquid.
Fifth, to cocks or taps, such as those in No. 3, but without wheel gearing
and endless screw outside the case, the pivot end receives an arm which
operates the opening or closing as desired.
Sixth, relates to cocks or taps with two chambers, the valve of which is fixed
to a rod or stem, which at its head has a key with a screw thereon to work in
a worm groove in the cock; and the improvement consists in the application to
such rod or stem of a spiral or other suitable spring, or a tube of india-rubber
to form the packing of the tube which guides the clack or valve. The stem of
the valve passes through a suitable stuffing box to the outside of the cock or
tap, where it is formed to receive a suitable key.
Seventh, the improvements relate to syphon cocks or taps which close
of themselves. I form the passages in such cocks or taps to be opened or
closed by a valve of metal combined with vulcanized india-rubber. I also
divide such syphon cocks into two chambers, one for the entry of the liquid
and one for its outlet. The liquid passes in through a metallic tube fixed to
the body of the cock. The end of this tube is pointed and pierced with several
holes to let out the gaseous liquid. The valve is fixed to a rod with a handle
or button at its end. The rod has a stuffing box, and india-rubber or gutta
percha piece, and a spiral spring working on the parts. By pressing on the
handle the liquid passes through a passage in the chamber which lies between
the valve seat of the stuffing box.
But in order that my said Invention may be fully understood and readily
carried into effect, I will proceed to describe the Drawing annexed.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 show cocks or taps constructed according
to the first part of my Invention. Figure 1 is a section of a cock. A is the
body of the cock; B, the lid, through which passes the rod or stem C, which
is provided with a screw thread C', working in a worm groove in the bottom
of the lid. The lid screws on to the body of the cock at a, and at its upper end
has a stuffing box d, provided with a cover, which screws upon it. The stem C
has at its upper end a handle f, and at its lower end is tapered into the conical
shape at g, to pass through the plug or valve H, to which it is held by a key j.
The valve or plug H is composed of a metallic plate, formed to receive a
conical ring of vulcanized india-rubber or other suitable substance, which is
held on by the washer k and the key j.

page_text: Figure 2 is a cock formed to have the same level at the discharge as at
the entrance of the liquid. A is the body of the cock; B, the lid, which is
fixed to the body of the cock by bolts 1, 1, and has a stuffing box d with a
cover e bolted to the lid; the rod or stem C is screwed towards its lower end
to work in the worm groove formed in the bottom of the lid, and is formed at
the top to receive a suitable key for opening and closing the passage through
the cock. The valve is composed of a metal part H, made to receive a
vulcanized india-rubber disc H', which is held on by the washer K, being
traversed by the set nut j.
Figures 3, 4, and 7 are similar applications of the same principle, the same
letters being made to indicate the same parts as in Figures 1 and 2. Figure 5
shows a modification of the same. A is the body of the cock; and B, the lid,
through which passes the rod C, which is screwed towards its upper end to
take into the worm grooves formed in the top of the lid. There is a stuffing
box in the interior of the lid, and the cover thereto is screwed into the bottom
of the lid; the valve or plug is keyed on to the lower end of the rod.
Figuro 6 differs from Figure 5, in that the rod passing through the lid is
formed to receive suitable packing below the screw. This arrangement avoids
using a stuffing box cover. It will readily be seen that by the arrangement
shown in these Figures the valves or plugs II can be screwed down upon their
seat and the rod can turn round without producing any undue torsion upon
the outside of the valve.
Figures 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12 shew cocks or taps constructed according to
the second part of my improvements.
Figure 8 is a longitudinal section, shewing the valve and passage open; .
Figure 9 is an elevation of the same; Figure 11 a plan, and Figure 10 a
longitudinal section, showing the valve closed. A is tho body of the cock,
which is cast with a hollow part at the top fitted to receive the cover B, which
is bolted to it, and forms a chamber to receive the mechanism for opening and
closing the valve; c is a lug, to which is attached by a hinge joint the dented
segment D, which is worked by the screw thread E' on the spindle or rod E,
which passes through a stuffing box F to the outside of the cock, and has at
the top a square part e to receive a suitable key for opening and closing the
valve. The valve G is fixed to the dented segment D by means of a bolt i,
which passes through them, and can be made to allow sufficient play to the
valve for it readily to find its best position upon its seat when being closed.
The valve is shown in section, Figure 8, and is formed of a metal disc g, to
which is fixed a lamina of india-rubber or other elastic material by means of
the plate gand suitable screws. The working of the cock is as follows:-

page_text: The rod E being made to turn by suitable means applied at e, the screw
thread E taking into the dented segment D will cause the segment to
perform a part of a revolution round the hinge joint C, and will gradually
bring the valve to its seat, as shown in Figure 10, where it may be pressed
tightly. A contrary direction being given to the rod will cause the valve and
segment gradually to rise and assume the position shewn in Figure 8.
Figure 12 is a modification of the cock, shown in Figures 8, 9, 10, and 11, in
which the chamber A¹, to receive the mechanism for working the valve is cast
with the body of the cock, which is divided into two parts A and A², and
joined together by a flange joint at R. The part A2 is cast with a lug I, to
which is attached the dented segment by means of a hinge joint, and has also
formed upon it the valve seat a.
Figure 13 is an elevation, and Figure 14 a longitudinal section, of a cock or
tap constructed according to the third part of my improvements. A is the
body of the cock, cast open at the top, as shown in Figure 14, and made with
a flange a, to which is bolted the plate or cover B; D is an arm, to which is
bolted the valve E; C' is a short spindle, fixed to the upper end of the arm D,
and resting at one end in the lug C, in which it can turn; the other end passes
through the body of the cock to the outside, where it is fixed to the toothed
segment D', which takes into the screw thread f¹ upon the stem or rod f,
which is supported by and turns upon the lug g, cast upon the shell of the cock,
and passes through a lug g', cast with the cover B; the rod is squared at the
top to receive a suitable key. The cock works as follows:-The stem f being
made to turn, the screw thread f' acting upon the toothed segment D! will
cause it to revolve round its axis, and the same motion will be communicated
through the spindle C' and arm D to the valve E, which will open or close the
passage through the cock, according to the direction of the motion given to the
toothed segment.
Figures 15 and 15ª are a section and elevation of another modification of
cocks with hinge valves, where the motion to the valve is given by means of a
screw and dented segment placed outside the cock. A is the body of the cock,
which has a box A² connected to it by the arm A'; B is the rod, which turns
upon the bottom of the box A², and is held and guided by the cover a, bolted
to the top of the box. The rod B has a screw thread f, which works in a
toothed segment turning on a centre C.
Figure 14 will illustrate the fourth part of my improvements. The valve is
hung on bearings C by means of a short spindle C'. The spindle C' does not
pass through the body or shell of the cock, and the valve E can open or close
according to the impulse it receives from the liquid.

page_text: Figure 16 is a cock or tap constructed after the sixth part of my improve-
ments. In section it is exactly similar to Figure 14. The spindle by which
the valve is hung is made to pass through the body of the cock, and has
attached to it on the outside a handle H, by which the valve is opened and
closed as required.
:
Figures 17, 18, and 19 are longitudinal sections of cocks or taps constructed
according to the seventh part of my improvements.
.
In Figure 17, A is the body of the cock, which has cast with it a stuffing
box A, round the outside of which there is a worm groove-b, b, in which works
a set screw, placed in the back of the hollow handle piece D, which is keyed
on to the top of the stem or rod C, and can turn freely upon it. The rod C is
attached at its lower end to the valve B, which is conically shaped to fit tho
conical valve seat a, and passes through suitable packing e placed in the bottom
of the stuffing box A. There is a spiral spring S set round the rod, which
presses upon the packing, and a metal collar f keyed above it to the rod, to
keep it in its place, and to support the handle D which rests upon it. A' is a
plug, screwed into the bottom of the body of the cock, to close, a hole or
opening through which the valve is introduced. The cock works as follows:-
When the handle D is turned in one direction, the set screw, which takes in
the spiral groove round the outside of the stuffing box, causes the rod or stem
to have a downward motion, which causes the valve B to open the passage,
and the spiral spring acting in a contrary direction will close the valve when
the force is removed from the handle.
t
Figures 18 and 19 are modifications of the same. In Figure 18 the collar f
is placed loose upon the rod upon the packing and the spiral spring is placed
above it; the rod C is made of smaller diameter at the top to receive the
handle, which is keyed upon it.
In Figure 19 a worm groove is made in the body of the cock beneath the
stuffing box, and a spiral thread c¹ on the rod or stem c takes into it and gives
the up-and-down motion to the valve. The top of the stem is squared to
receive the handle D, and turns with it. The outside of the stuffing box is
made cylindrical, and is fitted by the internal surface of the handle. The
working of these cocks or taps is similar to that described in respect of
Figure 17.
Figure 20 shews the section of a syphon cock constructed according to the
seventh part of my improvements. A is the body of the syphon, shaped
something like the handle of a corkscrew, and made hollow at both ends, so
as to form the two chambers A', A2, which communicate by a passage B,
which is made to fit the rod N towards A', and is left a little larger towards A'

page_text: to allow the liquid to escape through the hole R to the outside of the syphon
cock; x is a hollow tube, pierced with several holes, and pointed at one end;
the other end is fixed to the body of the cock and communicates with the
chamber A¹. y is a handle or button, which moves in the chamber A³, and
has affixed to it the rod N, to the bottom of which is fixed the valve M, which
is made of metal, and has a vulcanized india-rubber or gutta percha face, which
presses upon the seat; N' is a spiral spring round the rod N; I is a small
metallic plate; and O, an elastic disc to form a tight joint round the rod N.
G is a plug, screwed into the chamber A and closing it. This cock works as
follows: The pointed tube is inserted into the cork of a vessel containing
gaseous liquid. When the button y is pressed down, it causes the valve M to
uncover the passage B, and the liquid passes through the tube x, the passages B
and R, and on to the outside of the cock. The pressure being removed from
the button y, the spiral spring N₁ will cause the valve M to close the
passage B.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, I would have it to
be distinctly understood that I do not confine myself to the precise details
herein-before described, and shewn in the accompanying Drawing, as such
may be varied or modified without departing from the general character of the
different parts of my improvements; but what I claim is, the mode or modes
of combining parts in the construction of cocks and taps, as herein-before
described, and illustrated by the accompanying Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said Eugène Napoléon Cadet, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-eighth day of April, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
Witness,
W. H. KIRKPATRICK.
E. N. CADET. (L.S.)