Admixed with other Materials.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 18th Nov., 1887
Complete Specification Left, 17th Aug., 1888
Complete Specification Accepted, 5th Oct., 1888
Admixed with other Materials.
I, SYDNEY PITT, of Sutton, in the County of Surrey, Gentleman, (a communication
to me from abroad by Moses S. Higbie, of South Amboy, New Jersey, and George
G. Frelinghuysen, Counselor at Law, of New Jersey, United States of America)
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to the manufacture of compounds of earthenware which are
impervious to air and water, and consists of a mixture of pulverized calcined clay with
hot asphaltum or its equivalent and the process of manufacturing the same. Clay in
its ordinary form, contains a large percentage of combined water and is consequently
very greatly expanded and contracted by heat and cold: to overcome which I subject
the clay to an intense heat for time sufficient to drive out the combined water,, sulphur,
acids, and other volatile impurities.
The clay for this purpose is baked in the ordinary brick burning ovens, being formed
into slabs or other shapes so as to be readily affected by the heat, and thoroughly
baked. It is then removed, broken and pulverized into a fine pulverulent mass or
powder.
The clay thus treated is made hot and mixed with hot and melted asphaltum,, tar,
wax, paraffine, or other like binding agent, with which it makes a mortar or plastic
compound. I have found the paraffine wax from oil refineries especially adapted for
this purpose. The proportion is from sixty to eighty parts of clay, to forty to twenty
parts of binding material, depending on the purpose for which the compound is to be
used and the quality of the binding, material.
The compound thus made while still hot, is soft and plastic and may be pressed into
any desired form as brick, blocks, drain pipe or the like, and when cool will be a
hard air and water resisting material somewhat elastic and not to be melted again
at any ordinary temperature. The material will neither expand or contract from heat
or cold,

page_text: The material while still hot may be fed through a maccaroni machine and made
into pipe, or it may be fed through with a rod or wire and make a covering or coating
thereon.
To give greater softness and pliability to the material, glycerine may be substituted
for part of the binding agent up to one half thereof.
Dated this 18th day of November 1887
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Compounds from Earthenware
Admixed with other Materials.
I, SYDNEY PITT, of Sutton, in the County of Surrey, Gentleman, (a communication
to me from abroad by Moses S. Higbie, of South Amboy, New Jersey, and George
G. Freylinghuysen, Counselor at Law, of New Jersey, United States of America,)
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same
is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
This my invention relates to the manufacture of compounds of earthenware which
are impervious to air and water; and it consists of a mixture of broken granulated or
pulverized calcined clay with hot asphaltum or its equivalent and the process of
manufacturing the same. Clay in its ordinary form contains a large percentage of
combined water, and is consequently very greatly expanded and contracted by heat
and cold, to overcome which I subject the clay to an intense heat for time
sufficient to drive out the combined water, sulphur, acids and other volatile impurities.
The clay for this purpose is baked in the ordinary brick burning ovens, being formed
into slabs or other shapes, so as to be readily affected by the heat and thoroughly
baked. It is then removed, broken, granulated or pulverized. The clay thus treated
when hot is mixed with hot and melted asphaltum, tar, wax, paraffine, or other like
binding agent, with which it makes a mortar or plastic compound. I have found the
paraffine-wax from oil-refineries especially adapted for this purpose. The proportion
is from sixty to eighty parts of clay to forty to twenty parts of binding material,
depending on the purpose for which the compound is to be used and the quality of
the binding material. The compound thus made while still hot is soft and plastic and
may be pressed into any desired form as brick, blocks, drain pipe, or the like-and
when cool will be a hard, air and water resisting material, somewhat elastic and not

page_text: to be melted again at any ordinary temperature. The material will neither expand
nor contract from heat or cold.
The material while still hot may be fed through a macaroni-machine and made
into pipe, or it may be fed through with a rod or wire and make a covering or coating
thereon.
To give greater softness and pliability to the material, glycerine may be substituted
for part of the binding agent up to one half thereof.
I am aware that asphaltum, paraffine and like substances have heretofore been
mixed with sand and other material which is expanded by heat, and do not claim the
same.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The process herein described consisting of calcining clay, breaking, granulating
or pulverizing the same and mixing while still hot with hot asphaltum, paraffine wax
or their equivalents.
2. The compound herein described, consisting of calcined and broken, granulated
or pulverized clay with a binding agent as specified.