An Improved Spraying Machine.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 20th Oct., 1892-Accepted, 26th Nov., 1892
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
An Improved Spraying Machine.
I, FRANKLIN SALISBURY of Catskill, in the County of Greene, and State of
New York, United States of America, Fruit Grower and Shipper, do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This invention relates to machines for spraying fruit trees, vines, and growing
plants generally with liquids for the extermination of worms, caterpillars, beetles,
moths, Anted scale or other scales, mildew, fungus, cotton and tobacco worms, and
other insects and pests; and it has for its object to provide a machine of this class
by means of which liquids such as kerosene emulsions, arsenical solutions, and the
like-may be applied in the form of a spray in a very rapid and effective manner
and which shall be so constructed that the spray may be ejected in any desired
direction, thus making the machine valuable for spraying the taller fruit trees, as
well as vines, even when-such as in the case of hop vines-it shall be necessary
to apply the spray from below in an upward direction, which is necessary for the
successful extermination of pests peculiar to this plant.
My invention consists in a tank mounted upon wheels and provided with
mechanism for agitating its contents and with means for forcing the said contents
through suitable pipes and nozzles in a continuous jet of spray.
My invention further consists in an improved method of nounting and adjusting
the said tank.
My invention further consists in means for adjustably holding and automatically
vibrating the nozzles.
My invention further consists in certain details of construction which will be
hereinafter fully described, and particularly pointed out in the claims.
In the drawings hereto annexed,
Figure 1 is a perspective view of my improved spraying machine, showing the
same ready for operation.
Fig. 2 is a longitudinal vertical sectional view of the same.
Fi
ig. 3 is a vertical transverse sectional view taken on the line 33 in Fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is a perspective detail view showing a portion of the tank with a nozzle
holder attached thereto.
Fig. 5 is a sectional detail view of the safety valve attachment to my improved
spraying machine.
Fig. 6 is a perspective detail view showing a modification consisting of a device
for holding and for automatically vibrating the nozzles.
Fig. 7 is a detail plan view taken on the line 7 7 in Fig. 3.
Fig. 8 is a detail plan view taken on the sectional line 8 8 in Fig. 6.
Fig. 9 is a sectional detail view taken through the main drive shaft of the
machine.
Fig. 10 is a perspective detail view showing a modification.
Like numerals of reference indicate like parts in all the figures.
The frame of my improved machine, which is designated by I, may be mounted
upon two, three, or four wheels, as may be desired, and according to the size of
the tank which is to be used. Preferably, however, only two wheels are used,
inasmuch as the guiding of the machine through orchards, where the trees are
planted closely together, is thereby facilitated, and this is the number which has
been shown in the drawings hereto annexed. The wheels 2 are mounted upon the
spindles 3 of a U-shaped axle 4, which latter is brought as low to the ground as

page_text: convenient, in order that the tank, which is supported on the said frame and axle,
may be prevented from tilting. I desire it to be understood, however, that instead
of using the U-shaped axies stub axles may be used, or a straight axle may be
extended transversely through the tank, which latter will in this event be provided
with packing-boxes to make tight joints.
Both of the wheels 22 are provided on the inner sides with sprocket wheels 5,
from which motion is to be transmitted to the operating parts of the machine.
The frame is provided with uprights 6, supporting a platform 7. The said plat-
form is provided near its rear end with boxes 8 for the main drive shaft 9. The
latter is provided near its ends with sprocket wheels 10, which are mounted slidingly
and which are provided on their outer sides with clutch members 11. The sprocket
wheels 10 are forced in an outward direction by suitably arranged springs 12 to
engage the clutch members 13, which are mounted securely upon the outer ends of
the shaft 9. Chains 14 connect the sprocket wheels 10 with the sprocket
wheels 5 upon the transporting wheels, from which motion is thus transmitted to the
drive shaft 9.
Suitable bearings are provided in the top of the tank and in a transverse bearing
brace 15 within the latter for a vertical shaft 16. The upper end of the latter
has a pinion 17, meshing with a bevel gear 18 upon the shaft 9. The lower end of
the shaft 16 has a pinion 19, meshing with a bevel gear 20, mounted upon a
shaft 21, which is journalled in suitable bearings longitudinally in the tank. The
shaft 21 carries suitably constructed beaters or dashers 22, by means of which the
contents of the tank is continually agitated.
Suitably arranged within the tank, near the front end of the latter, where it may,
if desired, be attached to the front head 23, is a force pump 24. Said force pump
may be a rotary pump or it may, as shown in the drawings hereto annexed, be an
ordinary cylinder pump provided with a downwardly extending inlet pipe 25,
having an upwardly opening check valve 26 and provided with a reciprocating
piston 27, having an upwardly opening valve 28. The piston rod 29 extends
through a packing box in the top of the cylinder. The top of the cylinder is also
provided with an exit pipe 31, extending upwardly through the tank and through
the platform 7 and terminating at its upper end in the air chamber 32.
pipe 31 has a branch pipe 33, below which is arranged an upwardly opening check
valve 34.
The
The pipe 33 opens into a depending tubular chamber 35, extending downwardly
into the tank from the horizontal exit chamber 36. The latter, which is shown
in detail in Figs. 3, 5, and 7 of the drawings, is located above the platform 7, and
its front portion, from which the tubular chamber 35 extends downwardly, is
narrowed, as shown at 37, and provided with lugs. 38, having perforations for the
passage of a pair of vertically sliding rods 39, the lower ends of which carry a
valve 40, that serves to close the lower end of the cylindrical chamber 35. Upon
the upper ends of the rods 39 are mounted the thumb nuts 41, and between said
nuts and the lugs 38 are coiled the springs 42, whereby the rods 39 and the
valve 40 are normally forced in an upward direction to close the lower end of
chamber 35. The tension of the spring 42 may be regulated by the thumb
muts 41.
A transverse shaft 43, having its bearings in boxes 44 and 44", which latter is
upon the upper side of the air chamber 32, is provided at its inner end with a
crank 4, connected by a pitman 46 with the upper end of the piston rod 29 of
the pump, which may thus be operated. The shaft 43 carries a sprocket wheel 46",
which is connected by a chain 47 with the sprocket wheel 48 upon the drive
shaft 9. If desired, motion may be transmitted from the latter to the shaft 43 by
means of spur wheels, such as shown in dotted lines in Fig. 2 of the drawings.
It is also obvious that spur wheels or any other well known means for transmitting
motion may be substituted for the chain-gearing which has been generally shown
in the drawings hereto annexed.

page_text: The discharge pipes, of which there may be one or more, extena
chamber 36, and said pipes may be either rigid or flexible or partly rigid or partly
Hexible.
In Fig. 1 of the drawings I have shown flexible pipes or hose 49, two in number,.
provided at their ends with suitably constructed nozzles 50, and adapted to be held
one in each hand by the operator 51, who occupies a position astride the tank at
the rear end of the latter, and who may direct the spray from the nozzles in any
desired direction. A convenient seat may of course be provided, if desired.
A device by means of which the nozzles may be supported in various positions
for operation has been shown in Fig. 4 of the drawings. Said device consists of a
rod or upright 52, having at its lower end a ball 53, mounted in a socket 54, which
is suitably secured upon the tank in any desired position. The upper or outer end
of the rod 52 is bifurcated, as shown at 55, to adapt it to receive and to hold the
nozzle in position for operation. Of these supporting devices any desired number
may be used, according to the number of spray pipes that are being utilized, and it
will be observed that the said supporting rods may be adjusted in the sockets 54 in
such a manner that the nozzle supported therein shall be caused to project in any
desired direction, a set screw 56 being mounted in the socket 54 to retain the
supporting rod in the desired position.
Another modification has been shown in Fig. 6 of the drawings. By this
modification a platform-such as 57-has been suitably mounted under the rear end
of the tank. At the rear corners of said platform are mounted sockets 58, having
the balls 59, provided with upwardly extending rods 60, which may be secured
in position by means of set screws 61 in the sockets 58. Clamping bolts 62 which
are mounted upon the rod 60, carry a cross bar 63, the ends of which are provided
with vertical slots 64, through which extend the rear ends of rods 65, which are
pivotally connected to the sides of the frame of the machine. The cross bar 63 is
provided with any desired number of slots 66, in which the nozzles 67 are loosely
mounted, said nozzles being provided with collars 68 to retain them in the slots.
The nozzles are attached to the pipes 69, which may diverge from a single
conducting pipe 70, connected with the casing 36, or the pipes 69 may be directly
connected with the latter. The former construction, however, is deemed preferable
and has been illustrated in the annexed drawings. The pipe 70 has a rigid portion
or sleeve 71, which extends through a horizontal slot 72 in a guide plate 73,
mounted upon the platform.
74 designates a bell crank lever suitably mounted upon the platform adjacent
the guide plates 73. One of the arms of said bell crank lever is provided with a
series of perforations 75, any one of which may be connected by a link 76 with the
rigid portion or sleeve 71 of the pipe 70. The other arm of said bell crank lever
is connected by a link or pitman 77 with a wrist pin 78 upon a disk 79, which is
mounted upon a stub-axle 80, suitably attached to the frame of the machine. The
disk 79 is suitably connected with the sprocket-wheel $1, which is connected by a
chain 82 with the sprocket-wheel 83, which may be mounted upon the outer end of
the shaft 43. It will thus be seen that motion is transmitted from the latter shaft
through the sprocket-wheel 81 and disk 79 to the bell crank lever 74, one arm of
which, being connected by the link 76 with the pipe 70, serves to impart a vibrating
motion to the latter and to the nozzles 67, which extend through the slots in the
cross bar 63. In this manner the spray is directed within a considerable range and
it is rendered effective accordingly. It will be observed that the cross bar 63,
which supports the nozzles, may be raised or lowered within considerable limit
upon the supporting rods 60, and that the latter may be tilted forwardly or
rearwardly, as may be desired, thus causing the spray to be directed either upwardly,
downwardly, or, in fact, in whatever direction may be desired or deemed most
desirable.
Still another modification of my invention has been illustrated in Fig. 10 of the
drawings. By this modification the platform 57 has been dispensed with and the
devices for supporting and vibrating the nozzles 50 50 are mounted upon a

page_text: platform 57 at the rear of the machine, placed slightly higher than the
platform 57.
In lieu of the slotted cross bar 63 I use two uprights 100 100, one mounted upon
each side of the platform 57 by means of a ball-and-socket joint 101 and adapted
to support the nozzles 50 50 of the pipes 49 49, leading from the chamber 36. The
uprights 100 100 are formed in two parts,. the lower of which 102 carries the ball
of the ball-and-socket joint 101, and the upper part 103 is hinged at its lower end
to the part 102, as shown at 104. The upper ends of the uprights 100 100 are
bifurcated to receive the nozzles 50 50, and the said uprights are connected by, a
rod 105, to one end of which is secured an extension 106, which is linked by
a link-rod 107 to a bell-crank lever 109, adapted to be oscillated by means of a
pitman 110, suitably connected to the said bell-crank lever at one end and to a
disk 79, driven by the operating mechanism of the device at its other end. Thus
it will be seen that the uprights 100 100 may be adjusted in the ball-and-socket
joints to throw the spray in the desired direction and held in position by the set
screws 111 111, and may also be vibrated upon the hinge joints 104 by means of
the pitman 110, bell crank lever 109, and link rod 107.
I do not wish to limit myself to this particular construction, as I may find it
advantageous to place the bell crank lever as shown in dotted lines at 112, or I
may dispense with the bell crank lever and use a rock shaft 113, provided with
crank arms 114, at the ends thereof. suitably connected to the rod 105 and the
disk 79, as shown in dotted lines in Fig. 10.
From the foregoing description, taken in connection with the drawings hereto
annexed, the operation and advantages of my invention will be readily understood.
Through a cover with which the tank is provided it is filled with the liquid which
is to be sprayed. The nozzles, which may be of any desired construction, are then
arranged in the desired position. Draft is attached at the front end of the machine
and the latter is then ready for operation. The machine may be provided with a
tongue or with thills, according to whether one or two horses are to be used. When
the machine progresses, the motion is transmitted from the sprocket wheels from
the inner sides of the transporting wheels to the main drive-shaft 9 through the
sprocket wheels 10 and the clutch mechanism. The latter, it will be observed, is
so arranged that when the machine is backed the sprocket-wheels 10 will revolve
loosely upon the shaft, the springs 11 yielding so as to admit of this movement.
When the machine progresses, the drive-shaft 9 is rotated and motion is transmitted
from the same to the shaft 21, carrying the agitators 22 within the tank and likewise
to the shaft 43, by means of which the pumping mechanism is operated, as well as the
mechanism shown in Fig. 6 for vibrating the nozzles when the latter mechanism is
used. The liquid contents of the tank are forced by the pump through the exit
pipe 31, and through the branch 33 of the latter into the chambers 35 36, and
thence through the conducting pipes and nozzles. The air chamber 32 causes a
steady and continuous stream to be emitted, and the valve 40 at the lower end of
the chamber 35 acts as a safety valve, which if the quantity of liquid forced out
by the pump is too great to pass through the nozzles will open and permit the
surplus to pass back into the tank. The tension of the springs holding the valve
may be regulated by means of the thumb nuts 41. By this mechanism all danger
of the nozzles being blown off will be obviated. When the machine is passing up
or down hills the tank may be adjusted to a level position by means of the pinion 8,
engaging the rack 84. By the same mechanism the tank may be tilted, when
nearly empty, so as to admit of the entire contents being expelled by the
pump. The sprocket wheel 48 upon the shaft 9, from which motion is transmitted
to the pumping mechanism, is preferably mounted loosely upon the shaft and
provided with a clutch member 89, adapted to engage a clutch 90, which is mounted
securely upon said shaft. The sprocket wheel 48 is also provided with an anmilarly
grooved collar 91, engaged by an adjusting levér 92, which may be readily operated 5
to throw the sprocket wheel 48 into or out of engagement with the clutch
member 90, thus throwing the pumping mechanism into or out of gear, as may be

page_text: desired. Similar mechanism may be employed, if desired, to throw the revolving
shaft 21, carrying the dashers or agitators into or out of gear.
I have in the foregoing described and illustrated what I consider to be a
preferable form of my invention; but I desire it to be distinctly understood that
I do not limit myself to the exact details of construction herein set forth, inasmuch
as numerous modifications might be adopted without departing materially from the
spirit of my invention. Notably, means different from those herein described might
be adopted for transmitting motion between the different parts, all of such means
being well known to mechanics. I likewise do not limit myself to any particular
construction of the tank or the method of mounting the same upon two or more
wheels beyond the fact that the mounting is to be such as to admit of the tilting
mechanism herein described.
L
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In a machine of the class described, the combination of a tank pivotally and
adjustably mounted upon suitable transporting wheels, a central transverse bearing
brace supported within the tank, a horizontal revoluble shaft journalled in one end
of the tank and said central brace and carrying agitators or dashers, a vertical
bevel gear mounted upon the drive shaft adjacent to said brace, a vertical drive
shaft projecting above the tank and having its lower end stepped in the top of
said bearing brace, said vertical shaft carrying a horizontal pinion meshing with
said vertical pinion, a force pump arranged within the tank, a horizontal crank
shaft mounted upon the top of the tank and loosely connected with the pump
piston within the tank, gearing connecting said crank shaft with the vertical drive
shaft, and means for transmitting motion to the vertical drive shaft from the
transporting wheels, substantially as set forth.
2. In a machine of the class described, the combination of a tank mounted upon
suitable transporting wheels, a force pump arranged within said tank and having an
exit pipe connected with an air-chamber, a horizontal exit chamber located above
the tank and provided with a narrowed portion and a depending tubular chamber
projecting from said narrowed portion into the tank and open at its lower end,
spring actuated sliding rods working on each side of the upper exit chamber and
the depending chamber, a valve carried upon the lower ends of' said rods and
normally closing the open lower chamber and opening into the tank, a branch
pipe connecting said exit pipe with the tubular chamber, and a spray pipe or pipes
connected to the upper end of said exit chamber, substantially as set forth.
3. In a machine of the class described, the combination of a tank mounted upon
suitable transporting wheels, a force pump arranged within said tank, means for
transmitting motion to said force-pump from the transporting wheels of the machine,
an outlet pipe connecting said force pump with an air chamber and having a check
valve, a branch pipe connecting said outlet pipe with a tubular elongated exit
projecting into and above the tank and chamber, having a downwardly opening
spring actuated valve at its lower open end in the tank, a pipe or pipes connected
to the upper end of said exit chainber and having suitably constructed nozzles,
and adjustable supporting rods adapted to support the said nozzles and to direct
the spray in different directions, substantially as set forth.
4. The combination of the tank, the force pump within the same, the outlet
pipe, an exit chamber or casing mounted above the tank and having the cylindrical
downward extension projecting within and above the tank and provided with a valve
seat and opening into the tank, a valve mounted upon vertically movable rods, and
springs to force the valve in an upward direction, said cylindrical extension of the
chamber being connected with the outlet pipe of the pump and spray-pipes being
connected with the said exit chamber, substantially as set forth.
5. In a machine of the class described, the combination of the tank, a force
pump for expelling the contents of the latter, and a safety valve attachment

page_text: comprising a chamber or casing arranged above the tank and having a narrowed.
portion provided with a cylindrical extension extending into the tank, the perforated
lugs formed adjacent to the narrowed portion of the casing, the vertically sliding
rods mounted in said lugs and carrying a valve that, closes the lower end of the
cylindrical extension, thumb nuts mounted adjustably upon the upper ends of said
rods, and springs interposed between said thumb nuts and the perforated lugs,
substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
6. In a machine of the class herein described, the combination; with a tank,
of a force pump to expel the contents of said tank, the pipe or pipes having suitably
constructed nozzles, the supporting rods carrying slotted nozzle rests or supports
loosely receiving said nozzles and also having balls at their lower ends, the sockets
adapted to receive the said balls and having set screws for retaining the latter and
the supporting rods at any desired adjustment, and means for vibrating said
nozzles in said rests, substantially as and for the purpose herein set forth.
7. In a machine of the class herein described, the combination of a tank, a force
pump for expelling the contents of said tank, the pipe or pipes having suitably
constructed nozzles, means for adjustably supporting the said nozzles, and mechanism
for transmitting a laterally vibrating notion to said nozzles from the transporting
wheels upon which the tank is mounted automatically and simultaneously with the
operation of the pump, substantially as set forth..
8. In a machine of the class described, the combination of a tank, a force
pump for expelling the contents of the same, the spray pipe or pipes having
suitably constructed nozzles, a movable support or supports having slotted rests
loosely receiving said nozzles, a bell crank lever located at a suitable point of
attachment adjacent to said supports, and connecting links connecting the arms
of said bell crank with the pipe or pipes and the driving mecliauism of the pump,
substantially as set forth.
9. In a machine of the class described, the combination of a tank, a force pump
for expelling the contents of the same, the pipe or pipes having suitably constructed
nozzles, a cross bar mounted adjustably and having slots to support the said
nozzles, a horizontally slotted guide plate to support the conducting pipe, a con-
necting link, a bell crank lever, and mechanism for transmitting motion to said
bell crank lever from the transporting wheels upon which the machine is mounted
substantially as and for the purpose set forth.
10. In a machine of the class described, the combination of a tank suitably
mounted in a frame having transporting wheels, a force pump to expel the contents
of said tank, a segmental rack upon the front end of the latter, and a shaft mounted
transversely in the frame and having at its inner end a. pinion engaging said rack
and at its outer end a crank or hand wheel, substantially as and for the purpose
herein described.
Dated this 90th I... £ Antahan 1000
F. W. BARKER,
Applicant's Agent.