Improvements in Steam Carriages, Motors, and Steam Generators Working with Oil for Traction and other Purposes.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 16th Jan., 1896
Complete Specification Left, 15th Oct., 1893-Accepted, 16th Jan., 1897
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Steam Carriages, Motors, and Steam Generators
Working with Oil for Traction and other Purposes.
GEORGE ROSE, Engineer Gowanlea Bishopbriggs near Glasgow do hereby
declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
In working out my invention I employ one or more tanks for the purpose of
holding water to be converted into steam. Into the tank or tanks there is fitted a
hand air pump for creating a pressure therein. When two tanks are used there
is fitted between them preferably a fire brick or asbestos lined. casing. Into this
casing I fit an annular chamber made of any suitable metal. On the under side
of this chamber there is a connection for conveying water to be converted into
steam. The water may be led through a series of pipes or coils to this connection
which may be on the top, or side, or on the bottom. The object of leading the
water in this manner is that it may be heated by the action of the oil flame or
waste gases, and thereby assist the generator in making steam. The steam made
in the coils or pipes would be led to the generator by a seperate branch connection
and thus cause a free circulation to generator. The tanks or the steam generator
is preferably riveted or bolted to a frame or plate, and mounted on two or more
wheels. When a steam carriage is wanted an engine of any suitable design or
construction is mounted either alongside or on the top or under side of afore-
mentioned tanks and generator. The steam would be led to the engine by
suitable connection and the engine coupled direct on to the axles or wheels of the
carriage, or the carriage may be driven by chain or belt gearing.
In dealing with the exhaust steam, I fit into the water tanks, a coil or a number
of tubes, and lead the exhaust into the same. The water coming into contact with
the coil or tubes chills the same and condenses the steam. The condensed steam
is allowed to trickle into a small tank, and is drawn from there by a suction force
pump, and forced into the water tank or tanks. By leading the exhaust into the
tanks in this fashion the noise is almost done away with. The products of
combustion are led off by an outlet in the bottom of the casing, and then into a
branch pipe. Into this pipe a coil or pipes is, or may be fitted. The water would
be led through them to the other coil or pipes already mentioned. The steam
made would be led by seperate connection and then into the steam generator. It
will be seen that little or no heat is lost by this method. The steam is raised by
oil fuel either in the form of vapour or oil spray with an admixture of steam and
air. Fitted on the steam connection taken from generator, is an oil spraying
nozzle with one or more holes on each side of the steam jet. These holes are for
the purpose of destroying a partial vacuum which interferes with the steady flowing
of the oil. With this improved spraying nozzle the commonest oils can be used.
The oil is allowed to trickle into a passage above the steam outlet. To start the
motor or car I partially fill the talk or tanks with water, then create a pressure by
the hand air pump, say 4 lbs. per square inch. I then put a little of the oil into
the flame passage of the steam generator and set fire to it. The heat from the
burning oil heats the generator, water is then turned on steam is generated at
once and the engine starts to work almost as soon as the water is turned on.
The whole process not taking more than five minutes. When two water tanks
are used the water connection would be coupled to both tanks, also an air

page_text: connection would be coupled to both tanks for the purpose of transmitting an
equal pressure in both tanks. A motor on this principle cannot make much, if
any excess of pressure. Also an advantage is gained by the heat from the exhaust.
expanding the imprisoned air inside the water tanks and thus maintaining the
pressure longer than it otherwise would. Instead of condensing the exhaust
may allow it to pass away in the usual mauuer or use it for heating the inside
of the carriage in the cold weather. I may also use the heat from the generator
to expand the imprisoned air, and thereby keep up pressure. Instead of using
the hand pump steam may be led into the tanks to maintain pressure. Under a
modification instead of drawing steam from the generator, I may fit on a small
independent generator connecting same to the water. tanks. Any surplus steam
other than that used by spraying nozzle made in it would go to drive motor or to
force the condensed steam into the water tanks on the principle of the injector.
Under another arrangement 1 connect the water tanks with the generator so as to
allow steam to go in the water tank or tanks and create a pressure, instead of by
the hand air pumps. In this method the water tanks would be raised above the
generator, and by so doing the steam engine would be worked automatically.
Dated this day January 15th 1896.
Improvements in Steam Carriages, Motors, and Steam Generators
Working with Oil for Traction and other Purposes.
I GEORGE ROSE of Gowanlea, Bishopbriggs near Glasgow, Scotland Engineer
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and, in what. manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :--
My said invention relates to improvements in means whereby motor carriages
whether for road or rail may be driven by steam, in a safe, simple, durable and
économical manner by means of oil fuel.
The invention especially consists in the arrangement and combination of parts of
the steam generator or the construction of same as fully described hereinafter and
shewn on the drawings.
"My present invention also comprises improvements in the arrangement and
adaptation of generator or generators, water tanks and connecting pipes as applied
to a road motor carriage as shewn in Sheet 2 of the drawings and described
hereinafter.
Figure 1 represents a longitudinal section of my improved generator, Fig. 2 is a
plan thereof on the line 6, 7.
Fig. 3 is a sectional plan of the oil injecting nozzle.
Fig. 4 is a sectional elevation of another modification of my generator on the
line 12, 13 of Fig. 5 which is a sectional plan of same on the line 8, 9 Fig. 4.
Fig. 15 is a transverse section thereof on line 10, 11. Fig. 4.
As constructed according to my invention the generator as shown at Figs. 1 & 2
comprises a closed metal tank 20 for holding the water to be converted into steam
which may be of any suitable form but preferably cylindrical for strength. It is
mounted on a casing 21 lined with fire brick or other suitable material. Into the
casing 21 is fitted an annular chamber 22 made of two metal tubes of different
diameters welded together at ends so as to constitute a strong closed main vessel 22 for
generating and superheating the steam. One end of vessel 22 is fitted with metal
chimney 26 the other end being supported by a bridge 27 in casing, the top being

page_text: covered over by casing so that the flame shall pass along its bottom and then through
its inside on way to chimney. To the underside of chamber 22 is connected the two
upturned ends of a series of pipes 23 formed as shown at Fig. 2 on a level
plane inside the combustion chamber of casing 21 and connected at middle by &
joint to the feed water inlet pipe 24 which is led through the casing 21 and
provided outside with stop-cock 25 and then connected to bottom of tank 20.
Fitted to top of generator 22 is the steam main outlet pipe 28 and connected
thereto is a branch steam pipe 29 also connected to oil spraying nozzle 30 shown
enlarged in sectional plan at Fig. 3 but in reverse direction to that in Fig. 1.
This nozzle is formed with two air inlet holes 31 one on each side of the steam
outlet orifice 32 so as to admit air to destroy a partial vacuum which might other-
wise interfere with the steady flow of the oil. The nozzle steam pipe 29 is
connected to branch 33, a plug 34 being serewed into back, of nozzle, the oil being
allowed to flow or trickle into a passage in branch 35 on top of nozzle from an oil
supply pipe 36 leading from any convenient oil reservoir (not shown). From the
steam main 28 is led a pipe 39 to allow steam to enter top of tank 20 for the purpose
of creating pressure therein. On top of tank is fitted a screw plug 40 by which
the tank may be filled with water and screwed in steam tight before starting
working. The generator just described is wrought by pouring a little of the oil
u-ed as the fuel, (which may be of the cheapest or commonest quality) through the
casing inlet orifice 42 into the combustion chamber in bottom of casing 21 and
igniting it. The heat therefrom heats the pipe 23 and annular generator 22. The
stop cock 25 on feed water pipe 24 is then gently opened and the water flows from
tank 21 into the pipes 23 where it is heated and thence into the generator 22
which converts it into steam. The steam flows up the pipe 28 and so on down the
pipe 29 to the nozzle 30 where it enters by branch 33 and outwards by orifice 32.
The oil flowing from the pipe 36 is sprayed out into the, combustion chamber
where it ignites; the resulting flame passing round pipes 23 and over bottom of.
generator 22 up end of casing 21 and back through inside of generator 22
the products of combustion escaping by chimney 26. The generator thus
continues to work so long as the water and oil lasts to maintain steam. Should
any excess of steam pressure arise said pressure would so act upon the oil in
spraying nozzle as to extinguish the flame and thereby make generator entirely
safe to work.
Under another modification as shown in Figs. 4, 5 & 15, there are two annular
generators 43, 44, of similar construction to 22 Fig. 1. They are preferably of
unequal length and set alongside each other inside the casing 45 so that the flame
from casing inlet 46 shall pass along their bottoms in the direction of arrows and
back through the inside of generator 44 to end of casing (where both generators
are supported and divided off.thereat from bottom by a bridge 67) and continuous
to pass through flame passage of generator 43 whence the combustion products
escape up flue 47 fitted to end of generator 43. Both generators 43, 44 are
connected to and communicate each by two pipes 51 with a large heating pipe 52
which is closed at both ends and round which the flame plays and at the centre of
which on bottom is connected the water feed pipe 53 connected to a strong close
water tank 60 which may be located anywhere conveniently near. A drain tube 79
fitted with a cock is provided to drain off or clear generator of sediment. The
tank 60 is fitted with a hand pump 61 of any well known construction which may
be. used to pump thereinto water or air as desired by a flexible hose 63 with rose
on end thereof. The tank 60 is fitted with a screw plug (not shown) similar to 40
Fig. 1 by which, tank 60 may be charged with water. The two generators have
each from top a branch steam pipe connected to the main steam pipe 71 from whence
the steam is taken for use. Under this modification before starting to generate
steam the tank 60 is partially filled with water and then closed air tight. The air
above the water is then compressed by pumping in air to any desired pressure by
hand-pump 61. A little oil or waste is put in bottom of casing 45 and ignited
which heats the generator. The stop cock 77 on pipe 53 is then gently opened

page_text: and the water flows to the pipe 52 where it is partially converted into steam on its
upward course to generator. A branch pipe (not shown) from top of generator
leads steam into branch 33 Fig. 3 of nozzle and sprays the oil as before described
in through the opening 46 in the combustion chamber. The oil spray forms a
large flame which passes over the water heating tube 52 and bottoms of
generators 43, 44 thence back through inside of generator 44 and thence again
through inside of generator 43 whence the combustion products escape by flue 47.
Should the steam pressure exceed the pressure in the tank 60 the water would
be driven out of generator till water pressure was in excess of steam pressure, then
water would gradually find its way back again to make steam.
On Sheet 2 of the drawings Figs. A & B are respectively a side elevation and
plan illustrating the adaptation of my invention as applied for driving a road vehicle
which is mounted on two back driving wheels and front steering wheels.
According to this part of my invention a water tank d is fitted on the carriage
frame under the seats d', the steam generator casing e being bolted to the under-
side of vehicle. Said gouerator may be constructed and worked by sprayed oil
from a nozzle fin the same way to that before described and shown on Sheet 1.
A steam engine or engines is mounted alongside casing e a cylinder g on both sides
thereof driving the shaft i which is geared to revolve the driving wheels in usual
way. The exhaust steam is led by pipe j to a tube coil / fitted in the tank d through
which the exhaust steam flows and is condensed. The condensed steam is allowed
to trickle into a small tank m placed under the drivers seat and is drawn therefrom
through pipe a by a force pump o and forced into the water tank d by pipe n'. By
thus dealing with the exhaust steam noise therefrom is avoided. The two tanks d are
connected together at botton by a pipe p and at the top by a pipe g respectively
to allow the water and air to flow from each to each. A hand pump may be fitted
into either tank to create presure the coumbustion products are led off by an outlet
on bottom of casing (as shewen by curved arrows) into a branch flue to into which
is fitted a coiled piper through which the water is led to bottom of steam genearcator
in casing e oil is suplyed from a tank under drivers seat by a pipe to spraying
nozzle, the steam being led thereto from the generator by pipe v. Ou Sheet 2 of
the drawings Figs. A B & C respectively I shew a sectional side elevation of the
steam geneareator this geneareator would have no water heating arrangements the
water would also be allowed to enter at the top by branch the steam would be
drawen of by conection not shewen also the whole would be mounted into a casing
not shewen and lined with any light fire resisting material such as asbestos.
Also instead of being fired with oil the heate would be raised by coke or coale a
number of these steain geneareators & superheaters may be grouped together and
thus form a battery of them when greate steam power is wanted.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is
(1.) In a steam generator the combination of a closed water tank 20, an
equalising pressure pipe 39, a feed pipe 24 with regulating cock 25 thereon, a
series of bent water heating tubes 23 opening at two places into a superheating
annular vessel 22 in a casing 21, a main steam outlet pipe 28, a spraying
steam pipe 29 and an oil spraying nozzle 30, all arranged, and the whole constructed
and operating as before with reference to and shewn at Figs. 1 and 2.
(2.) A steam generator consisting of a casing 45 having two or more annular
steam superheaters 43, 44 each communicating by two pipes 51 with a water
heating tube 52 fed by a pipe 53 having regulating cock 77 thereon and connected
to a closed water tank 60 having an air or water pump 61 all constructed, arranged
and combined as herein specified and shewn at Figs. 4, 5 and 15.
(3.) In combination with oil fuel steam generators a spraying nozzle constructed
with two air inlet holes 31 located as and for the purpose specified and shewn
at Fig. 3.

page_text: (4.) In combination with a steam generator an annular vessel or vessels without
water heating tubes 22 constructed as specified and shewa at Figs. 1 and C and into.
which water is fed at top thereof for the purpose of generating and superheating.
steam in a fire resisting lined cassing.
(5.) The combination of a steam generator or generators, tanks, and pipe
connections all arranged as and for the purposes hereinbefore set forth and shewn
at Figs. A and B.
Dated this 14th day of October 1896.
GEORGE ROSE,
Ethel Cottage, Bishopbriggs, near Glasgow.