Improvements in Mechanism or Apparatus for Dyeing and Bleaching Cotton, Wool, Silk, and other Fibrous Materials in the Raw and Manufactured or Partly Manufactured State.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 22nd Jan., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 22nd Nov., 13:0-Accepted, 21st Feb., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Mechanism or Apparatus for Dyeing and Bleaching
Cotton, Wool, Silk, and other Fibrous Materials in the Raw and
Manufactured or Partly Manufactured State.
We, GEORGE YOUNG, late of Tyldesley, now of 189, Worsley Road, Winton,
near Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Mill Manager, and FRANK PEARN,
of Gorton, near Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, and WILLIAM
CRIPPIN, of Egerton Mills, Patricroft, near Manchester aforesaid, Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said invention to be as follows:-
:-
The object of our invention is, mechanism or apparatus for dyeing or bleaching
cotton, wool, silk and other fibrous materials in the raw, and manufactured or partly
manufactured state, that is, in the raw and in the sliver, coil, roving, cop, bobbin,
hank or woven state and is particularly applicable for dyeing and bleaching yarn
or thread wound in the cop or bobbin form.
In treating yarn or thread or roving in the cop or bobbin formi, tubular skewers
with perforations in the sides are used for cops and if the yarn, thread or sliver is
on bobbins the barrels of these bobbins should be made of metal or other suitable
material with perforations and so that one end is closed when being operated upon.
Material in sliver or coil is or may be wound upon hollow cylinders or tubes
which are perforated, or formed of woven wire. Loose raw fibres are or may be
placed round a perforated hollow core, hanks of yarn or thread may also be placed
in like manner or over a perforated plate or sieve.
When tubular skewers, tubes or cylinders are used, perforated at the sides they
are closed at one end and the open end is arranged to come in communication with
the passages through which the dye or bleaching liquor or other fluid is to be
drawn the object in arranging the material to be operated upon, being to get as
uniform a thickness of material as possible and to compel the dye or bleaching
liquor or other fluid to pass equally through it while it is being operated upon.
The mechanism or apparatus of which our invention consists for treating the
material above referred to is described as follows.
We employ a stationary table of any suitable size and shape and through this
table form holes or perforations in which we can insert the lower larger ends of
tubular cop skewers (when treating cops to which we shall more particularly refer)
which skewers are closed at their points and have a series of perforations through
their sides. The cops to be treated are placed on these skewers.
A chamber (closed except as explained) is formed in connection with the under-
side of the table, which closed chamber and table may be carried in any suitable
manner that is to say, it may be secured to the floor of the room or to the bottom
or side of the vessel or vat which is to hold the dye or bleaching liquor, or
otherwise supported.
There is a pipe or passage formed, one end in connection with the said closed
chamber, and the other end with a vessel which will be termed the "receiving
chamber," and there is a valve in this pipe or passage opening towards the
receiving chamber, but closing in the opposite direction.
There is also a second pipe or passage one end of which is connected with the
said closed chamber and the other end with exhausting apparatus hereinafter
referred to, which pipe or passage may in some cases communicate with a second
receiving chamber.
There is also a pipe provided with a valve or valves to allow steam, gas or air
to pass to the upper side of the said table. There is also a pipe or passage through
which dye or bleaching liquor will pass or be drawn from the vat containing it to

page_text: the upper side of the said table, this pipe having a valve in connection with it which
may be worked automatically.
The vat is or may be under the closed chamber and table or upon one side of it,
and the level of the liquor in the vat is normally just below the level of the
surface of the table, or the level of the liquor in the vat may be above the level of
the said table, the passage of the liquor being controlled by a valve or valves,
which are or may be arranged so as to be operated automatically, the table and
closed chamber in this latter case not being surrounded by the liquor in the vat.
To the said table a lid or cover is fitted. It may be jointed to the table at one
side so that the lid can be turned up and down, or the lid is or may be otherwise
arranged to cover and uncover the table.
This lid or cover is formed so that when shut down close against the table, air
tight, there is space left between its inside and the table for the cops or other
material to be treated.
The receiving chamber is in connection with pumps or any other suitable
apparatus for exhausting or propelling fluids, there being a slide or other valve
or valves to open and close communication between the exhausting apparatus and
the receiving chamber and the pipe or passage for drawing air or steam through
the material being treated.
The cops or materials to be treated are placed on the said table as before
explained, the lid is then shut down and communication is opened with the said
receiving chamber (which is then being exhausted) and the liquor is thus drawn
from the vat into the space between the said table and its lid, through the cops
or material into the said closed chamber below the said table and then passes along
the pipe or passage to the receiving chamber which is of sufficient capacity to hold
more liquid than is to be passed through the cops or materials being treated at
one operation.
Near the end of the operation for drawing liquor through the materials, the
valve through which the liquor passes from the vat is shut and the exhausting
continues for a short time after the liquid supply is shut off.
Then communication with the exhausted receiving chamber and the closed
chamber is shut and the slide valve is moved to admit air into the receiving
chamber and at the same time to bring the exhausting apparatus in communication
with the pipe or passage from the closed chamber to draw air or steam or gas
through the material being treated, which continues for a time and this completes
one round of operations, which may be repeated in succession several times, or as
often as desired.
When air is admitted into the receiving chamber the liquid therein can fall by
gravity and pass from it back through a valve, opening outwards into the vat.
There is or may be a valve in the pipe or passage between the closed chamber
and the receiving chamber, to close against fluid passing from the latter to the
former, but to open to fluid passing in the reverse direction.
It will now be seen that by the arrangement described no liquid passes through
the pumps or exhausting apparatus, only aeriform fluids, and we prefer such
arrangement; but the liquid may, if desired, be made to pass from the vat to and
through the closed chamber and to and through the pump or propeller employed
and then back to the vat.
By our invention when the apparatus is filled with material we can make the
operations after starting them automatic, by means of the rise and fall of the level
of the liquid in the vat acting upon a float connected with a lever which operates
a tumbler lever having a rolling weight thereon or by cams rotated at intervals or
other arrangements.
By moving a slide valve the passing of liquid from the vat commences, and
when the level of the liquid in it has sunk to the extent fixed upon, (at which
point sufficient liquid will have passed for one operation) the float lever will have
moved the tumbler lever to such extent as to cause its weight to roll from one
end of it to the other and reverse it and the slide valve connected with it and

page_text: when the liquid flows back from the receiving chamber to the vat, (the time of
which operation can be regulated by a cock) the level of the liquor in the vat
will rise and with it the float which will then reverse the tumbler lever and these
operations will continue until stopped.
Other arrangements of mechanism may be used controlled by a float. If
desired the action may be stopped automatically after a fixed number of such
rounds of operations by a ratchet worked by the float lever and a cam to act upon
the lever for the slide valve-or by other means.
By preference the liquid enters the receiving chamber through a stand pipe
having a cone cap at its upper end through perforations in the underside of which
the liquid escapes and is received into a funnel on the end of a pipe that conveys
it to the lower part of the receiving chamber.
The cops or materials to be treated are by preference placed on loose plates,
which can be readily removed and placed on the said table resting thereon on
suitable packing round the margin of the plates.
By having a number of these loose plates cops or material can be removed
or placed upon them while material upon one plate is being treated in the apparatus
so that there is thus but little loss of time in changing.
In order that liquid may fill the space within the lid when over the table,
there is a small air passage or pipe from the closed chamber extending upwards
above the table to the required extent.
In some cases we dispense with the lid or cover to the table, and arrange the
table in a vessel so that dye or bleaching liquor may be allowed to enter and
submerge the material upon the table and then when treated to the required extent
the liquid is drawn off from the vessel.
Dated this Twenty-first day of January 1890.
PETER J. LIVSEY,
Agent.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Mechanism or Apparatus for Dyeing and Bleaching
Cotton, Wool, Silk, and other Fibrous Materials in the Raw and
Manufactured or Partly Manufactured State.
We, GEORGE YOUNG, late of Tyldesley, now of 189, Worsley Road, Winton,
near Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Mill Manager, FRANK PEARN, of
Gorton, near Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Engineer, and WILLIAM
CHIPPIN, of Egerton Mills, Patricroft, near Manchester aforesaid, Manufacturer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement :-
Our invention relates to mechanism or apparatus for dyeing or bleaching cotton,
wool, silk and other fibrous materials in the raw and manufactured or partly
manufactured state, that is, in the raw and in the sliver, coil, roving, cop, bobbin,
hank or woven state, and is particularly applicable for dyeing and bleaching yarn
or thread wound in the cop or bobbin form.
Our invention will be most readily described and understood by reference to the
accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is an elevation in section of one modification of machine according to our
invention.
Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section of a slide valve detached.
Fig. 3 is a sectional elevation on an enlarged scale detached, of a cock, the section
being in the line of the axis of the cone plug.
Fig. 4 is an end elevation of the same.
Fig. 5 is an elevation in section of another modification of machine according to
our invention.
Fig. 6 is a detached plan section on the line A-B Fig. 5.

page_text: •
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Fig. is an enlarged plan view of a perforated table or plate to carry cops when
being operated upon.
Fig. 8 is a section upon an enlarged scale of a tubular perforated skewer and
shows the outline of a cop upon it, and the manner in which the tubular skewer is
placed, and held in the perforated plate and made air tight therewith.
Fig. 9 is an outside elevation showing another mode of holding the tubular skewer
in the perforated plate and making it air tight therewith.
Fig. 10 is a sectional elevation of a tubular barrel for yarn or sliver, and the
manner of holding it in the perforated plate and making it air tight therewith.
Fig. 11 is a sectional elevation of an arrangement suitable for hanks of yarn,
coiled sliver, piece goods or loose fibre.
Fig. 12 is a sectional elevation of an arrangement suitable for treating felt hat
bodies.
(The letters of reference will be in Roman character but they are in italic
character on the drawings.)
One modification of our invention is illustrated by Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4.
A, is a vat which is or may be made of any suitable size, shape and material, to
hold the liquid to be used, the vat shown is supposed to be made of wood.
Upon the upper edges of this vat, a chamber is supported which may also be
made of any suitable size, shape or material, but preferably of wood and circular in
cross section.
This chamber B, will be termed the "receiving chamber." It is closed at its
upper and lower ends, the latter end being connected to the upper end of a vertical
pipe C, the lower end of which rests and is secured to the bottom of the vat A.
There is a valve arrangement C', that forms a part of the pipe C. It has a seating
with holes covered by a ring disc of india rubber or other suitable material C². This
ring disc will lift and uncover the holes, and allow liquid to escape from the pipe C,
into the vat A, but will close to prevent its passage in the opposite direction. C³, is
a guard above the disc ring to prevent it lifting too high.
The lower part of the vertical pipe C, has a branch C, which communicates with
the chamber D, under the perforated table, which will be hereinafter referred to as
the "cavity."
The upper part of the receiving chamber B, is connected with a pipe B¹, that
communicates with one passage E, in a slide valve arrangement secured to the side
of the receiving chamber B, which slide arrangement is shown detached by a
longitudinal section Fig. 2.
Another passage E, from this slide valve arrangement has a pipe F, connected
with it that communicates with the upper end of another vessel F, hereinafter
termed the second receiving chamber, the lower end of which is connected by a
pipe F, through passages and a valve hereinafter referred to, with the cavity D.
At the lower end of the second receiving chamber F, there is a mushroom valve F³,
which opens outwards to allow any liquid collecting in the chamber F, to escape
into the vat.
There is a pipe F4, within the chamber F, at the upper end of which it opens
into a cap F, screwed in or on the upper end of the pipe. The air, steam, gas or
liquid escapes from the pipe F, against the inside of the cap, which may be perforated
with small holes on its sides, this acting to separate the liquid from the aeriform
fluids.
The slide valve arrangement has another passage (corresponding with the exhaust
passage of an ordinary steam engine slide valve which passage E², is connected by
a pipe (not shown) with a pump or pumps or other apparatus for propelling fluids,
of any known construction which when dyeing or bleaching or performing operations
connected therewith, by the apparatus may be in constant work or stopped from
working, and then started again as required. The slide valve is somewhat similar
to an ordinary slide valve for steam engines; E, being the port for the receiving
chamber B, and Es, the port for the second receiving chamber F.
The slide valve E³, itself. has two cavities E', and E', in it. There is a cover E³,

page_text: on the valve chest to keep the slide valve E³, in position, and the atmospheric
air is allowed to freely enter the valve chest through holes E³, in the cover
plate Es.
The valve E³, is reciprocated to and fro by a rod Ex, which may be connected"
with it as shown, the rod working through a hole in a boss upon the side of the
valve box, which need not be air tight. The valve E³, is shown in a middle position,
in which the middle port E", and the ports E, and E³, are closed. When the slide
valve E³, is moved in either direction from the central position fluid will pass into
the receiving chamber B, and out of the second receiving chamber F, or vice versa,
according to the direction in which the valve E³, is moved.
The casting E", in which the passage and ports are formed is secured to the outside
of the receiving chamber B.
The valve spindle Ex, is jointed to a lever G, the hole for the joint pin in the lever
being slotted a little in the lengthway of the lever, which has its fulcrum G', on a
bracket secured to the outside of the receiving chamber B.
The end of the lever G, is jointed with the upper end of a rod G², the lower end of
which is jointed with another lever, having a handle hereinafter referred to, by which
the lever G, and valve E³, can be actuated.
H, is a stationary chamber of any suitable size and shape above the perforated
plate, which chamber will be hereinafter termed the "treating chamber.'
It has
a flange upon its lower edge which rests upon and is secured to the upper edges
of the vat A. or upon the edges of the vat, and a beam across the vat resting upon
its upper edges.
This treating chamber H, has a recess H³, formed round its upper inner side, into
which steam, air or gas can enter and pass through perforations in a cylindrical
ring H2, inserted and secured in front of the recess H',-the lower edge of the
perforated ring H2, resting upon a ledge in the inside of the treating chamber H.
There is a lid H³, which may be formed concave on its inner or under side, hinged
to one side of the treating chamber at H4, and this lid is arranged when shut down
to close upon and against an india rubber or other suitable elastic ring H³, placed in
a groove formed in the upper edge of the treating chamber H, so that when the
lid H³, is closed, it becomes tight at that point against fluids from the exterior of
the treating chamber.
Connected with the lower part of the treating chamber H, there is a large conical
tube H, extending down into the vat below the level of the liquid therein (represented
by the line X when at its highest level) and within this large conical tube H, there
is a central casting H', which has arms H8, from it that rest upon a ledge round the
interior of the upper part of the conical tube H.
In this central casting, passages and places are formed for two mushroom valves,
and it also forms the cavity D, under and for supporting the perforated plate J,
which rests upon an india rubber ring J, in a groove in the upper face of the
casting H7.
Between the central casting and the large conical tube Ho, there is an angular
passage H, left through which liquid may pass up the large conical tube H, to the
treating chamber H.
There is a handle J2, secured to the perforated plate J, for lifting it out of and
placing it in the treating chamber H, and this handle J, is hollow or tubular and
the tube in its upper end or handle opens into the upper part of the treating chamber H,
and removes the air therefrom, so that the liquid can take its place when required.
The lower end of this tubular handle communicates by a passage H*, with the
passages which are exhausted when liquid air, steam or gas is being drawn through
the goods being treated.
A pipe may be connected with the exhausted passages in the casting and taken
up the inside on one side of the treating chamber to its upper part, to be used in
place of the hollow handle J, if desired.
The central casting H', is prepared to receive the seatings of the two mushroom
valves C³, and F, each passed through openings closed by circular plates C, and F7,

page_text: when the valves have been inserted, which plates C6, and F7, each serve also as stops
to limit the lift of the valves.
One valve C³, through which liquid is drawn from the vat A, is shown open. The
pipe forming the branch C, from the vertical pipe A, forms a junction with the
central casting H7, and from the lower part of the casting there is a lateral
passage C, that goes to the space at the upper side of the valve C, the opening from
which lateral passage is seen at C.
After passing the valve C, there is a passage C³, common to both valves C³, and Fe,
which communicates with the cavity D, under the stationary perforated plate or
table J, through the passage H*, between the two valves.
Both valves C, and F, are arranged and have their passages formed in like
manner to that described in reference to the valve C³, for liquids.
There is a cock K, secured to the outside of the treating chamber H, which by a
passage formed in the chamber communicates with the recess H¹, round the upper
part of the treating chamber H. This cock K, is shown in section detached by Fig. 3
and by an end view by Fig. 4.
It has three passages, one K¹, for connection with a steam or gas supply pipe,
another at K2, for atmospheric air, and another at K³ from the hollow in the axis of
the cone plug K, which latter passage is the one that is connected and communicates
with the passages in the outside of the treating chamber H, leading to the
recess H¹.
On the square K³, for turning the cone plug K, there is a disc Ko, secured, and
upon this disc another forming a part of a lever K', is placed, so that it can be
moved partly round a central boss in the disc Ke, fast on the square. In the lever K',
there is a concentric slot K³, for a screw that screws into the disc K. By slackening
this set screw K³, the cone plug K4, can be rotated backwards or forwards, and by
tightening the set screw K, the plug can be turned either way by the lever K.
There is only one port K*, in the side of the cone plug K, and this port can be
turned to come opposite either the opening in the casing for steam or gas or that
for air, but when worked by the lever K', which is only moved through an arc of
about 60 degrees it only opens and closes the port to steam or gas, and keeps closed
to air or vice versa.
By this arrangement the apparatus may be readily adjusted for treating the
goods to be operated upon with either steam or gas in one position or with air in
the other position of the cone plug. When the goods to be treated (say cops of
yarn) are placed in the treating chamber H, (as will be hereinafter referred to) the
lid H³, is shut down, then a handle on a lever L, on a fulcrum or shaft L', in suitable
bearings on the vat A, is placed in the position in which it is shown in Fig. 1-and
as the other end of this lever L, is jointed with the lower end of the rod G2, the slide
valve E³, is moved, and this will allow the pump or other suitable apparatus to
exhaust the receiving chamber B, and admit air into the second receiving chamber F,
and this will cause the treating chamber H, to be more or less exhausted, and the
liquid in the vat to be drawn through the materials to be operated upon and when
this has continued for a time, the handle is reversed and this reverses the slide
valve E³, and allows air to enter the receiving chamber B, and exhausts the second
receiving chamber F, which operates to draw steam gas or air as desired through
the materials to be treated.
The lever handle forms part of the lever L, or may be a separate lever on the
shaft L', and it carries two pins L2, one of which will act upon the lever K', for the
cock.
As shown in Fig. 1, the cock K, is supposed to have been shut by the lower
stud L2, in the lever handle L, and when the latter is reversed, the upper stud L2, will
move the lever K', to open the cock K.
When air is admitted into the receiving chamber B, the liquid which was drawn
into it while it was being exhausted flows out of it and into the vat by passing
through the valve C', which then opens, this valve closing when the receiving
chamber B, is being exhausted.

page_text: When steam, gas or air is being allowed to enter the treating chamber H,
the
liquid left in it will flow back by gravity to the vat, and the steam, air or gaseous
fluid passes so freely through the material being treated that there is only a small
partial vacuum in the treating chamber which is not sufficient to lift the liquid from
the vat, into the treating chamber H. But when air, steam or gas is not allowed to
enter the treating chamber H, a vacuum (more or less perfect) is then formed in it,
and the atmosphere acting upon the liquid in the vat forces it into the treating
chamber, and through the materials to be operated upon, and passes it on into the
receiving chamber B, which is of sufficient capacity to hold all liquid used for one
operation.
The drawing of liquid and steam, air or gas alternately through the materials
being treated may be repeated as often as required, and the time of each operation
is or may be regulated by time or as we prefer by the fall and rise of the level of
the liquid in the vat A, by having marks thereon to show its highest and lowest
levels.
This is or may be effected automatically by a float of sufficient area, and weight,
to lift a rolling weight, that will be heavy enough to reverse the valve E³, and
cock K, and such an arrangement is illustrated by Fig. 1.
There is or may be a shaft L', herein before referred to, in suitable bearings on
the vat and upon this shaft a lever L, is secured the end of which has a pin L, that
enters a slot in a rod M', in the float M, below it.
On the shaft L, which may be on its end overhanging the side of the vat, a beam
lever L, is secured which has a channel on its upper side for a heavy roller or ball 13,
to move in to and fro. This lever L, has or may have the handle L*, at one end
and its other end has a pin or stud L4, that enters a slot in the lower end of the
rod G².
The channelled beam lever L, or a separate arm on the shaft L', (according
to the position of the cock K) has studs or pins L2 (before referred to) that act
upon the lever K', for the cock K, as before explained.
It will be seen that the pins L, and LA, do not begin to act upon the lever K', or
the rod G2, until the beam lever L, has arrived in about the middle position of its
oscillations, and when it has passed this position a little, the weight L³, rolls from
one end of the beam lever, to the other, then there is a quick movement of the beam
lever L, which reverses the valves-the slot in the rod M', connected with the
float M, permits the pin L³, to freely move in it for about half its stroke without
resistance.
When the float M, begins to fall again after having ascended to its highest
position it moves the beam lever I, in the reverse direction to that in which it is
shown in Fig. 1, until the ball or roller rolls back again to the other end of the
lever L, and reverses the valves again.
The time in which the liquid is to flow back from the receiving chamber B, to the
vat, may be regulated by limiting the opening of the valve C', through which the
liquid has to flow back to the vat.
At the end of the handle lever L, there is or may be a segment L6, formed with a
notch L', in it, for a pawl N, to catch upon, that is jointed at N¹, on a bracket
secured to the vat. This pawl N, has a weight lever arm N2, on one side, so as to
be clear of the segmental part L, when passing, and this weighted arm causes the
pawl N, to catch upon the notch L', when the lever L, comes to that position and
thus arrests it, when the slide valve E³, and lever K', are in their middle position, in
which all the ports in the slide valve and cock are closed, and the automatic action
of the machine is stopped.
On the lever G, connected with the slide valve rod E, there is or may be
a weight G³, to counterbalance the weight of the slide valve E³, lever G, and
rod G.
When working the apparatus automatically by the rise and fall of the level of
the liquid in the vat, it will be necessary to supply the vat with fresh liquid at times
to make up for loss or waste to keep its normal level the same.

page_text: The mode of stopping the automatic reversing operation after a given number of
actions will be explained in describing the modification illustrated by Figs. 5
and 6.
In order to work the valves E3, and K, automatically with a small float-a float
bcam lever and rolling weight is used on a shaft separate and apart from the
shaft L¹.
In this case a small piston and cylinder are used, the cylinder being secured to
and carried by the vat."
The piston rod of the piston is made to pass through a gland at one end of the
cylinder (as for a steam engine) and is connected with a lever on the shaft L', which
lever may be a lever or arm descending vertically from the shaft L', the piston rod
in this case being horizontal in position. The piston acting through its rod in this
case will oscillate the shaft L', and the pin L, on the lever L, may be connected_to
the lower end of the rod G2, without the slot and the arm carrying the two pins L²,
will only. require one pin to enter a slot in the lengthway of the lever K for the
cock K, and the lever L, will only require half the amount of oscillation.
There will be an arm from the beam lever oscillated by the float and weight
connected with the spindle of a small slide valve on the cylinder of the small piston
and cylinder, the valve chest being supplied with steam by a small pipe, and the
exhaust steam taken away by another pipe.
But instead of the small piston being operated by steam it may by preference be
operated by the atmosphere in consequence of the partial vacuum formed by the
pump or other propeller of fluids employed.
In this latter case a small slide valve will only be required for the small piston
and cylinder, similar to that already described and illustrated by Fig. 2.
A branch pipe from the pipe exhausted by the pump or fluid propeller, is connected
with a middle port of the small cylinder corresponding to the passage E2, Fig. 2, and
cach of the ports on each side of the middle port will communicate respectively
with its end of the small cylinder.
When the rolling weight moves the small valve to one end, air will be admitted
to that end of the cylinder, and the atmosphere will be exhausted from the other
end of the cylinder and its pressure will move the small piston and reverse the valves
accordingly.
Figs. 5 and 6 illustrate another modification for carrying out our invention.
The parts which are the same as those described in reference to Figs. 1 and 2 arc
marked with the same letters of reference and will be readily understood without
further explanation.
The treating chamber H, in this modification is placed upon one side of the vat A,
its upper edge just above the highest normal level X, of the liquid in the vat.
The treating chamber is of any suitable size and shape, and is made deep enough
to allow of the materials to be treated being submerged therein, when the lever of
the liquid in the vat is at its lowest normal position.
The liquid is taken from the middle of the vat A, by a pipe Ho, (that corresponds
in function to H, Fig. 1) which forms a junction with a branch P, cast on or secured
to the exterior of the treating chamber H.
In this branch P, a valve box P', is formed for a slide or sluice valve P2, arranged
as shown in Fig. 5, and in the detached plan section Fig. 6. The liquid passes from
the vat A, then enters the valve box or chest P¹, passes the valve (P',) opening,
when the valve is lifted, as shown in Fig. 5, then along a passage P³, and rises
and then enters at the lower part of the treating chamber H, above the perforated
table plate J.
The lower end of the spindle P, which is connected with the sluice valve P²,
passes up a tubular hollow in the casting P³ from the top of the valve box P¹, in
front of the valve, and is jointed at its upper end with one arm P6, of a two armed
lever having its fulcrum P', on a stud in a part or bracket from or secured to the
casting.
The upright arm P8, of the lever has a weight P, secured upon it so that when it

page_text: passes the middle position of its oscillation it falls over and acts as a tumbler lever
to open or close the valve P².
This arm P3, is moved by a rod Q, which has a slot in its end, that works upon a
stud Px, in the arm P8, the other end of the rod Q, is jointed to an arm Q', secured.
upon a shaft L', arranged the same as a shaft L', Fig. 1.
There is an adjusting screw Q, screwing through an arm from the part carrying
the fulcrum of the lever P, the point of which screw can be adjusted to act as a stop
to the movement of the arm in one direction which will limit the lift or extent of
opening of the sluice valve P².
Under the perforated plate J, which is arranged as in Fig. 1, there is a cavity D,
corresponding to that in Fig. 1.
The perforated plate J, is arranged as described in reference to Fig. 1 but has a
solid handle J'.
Below the cavity D, there is a pipe K, in communication with the cavity D, and
with two valve boxes for two mushroom valves C, and F, (corresponding to the
valves C, and F, Fig. 1) over each of which valves there is a lid (C, and F,) that
has a projection to act as a stop to the extent of lift to be allowed to each valve.
One valve C, opens when a receiving chamber B, is being exhausted and liquid
is passing from the treating chamber H, through the pipes C4, and C, and closes
against its return.
The other valve F6, opens when the second receiving chamber F, is being
exhausted, the pipe F2, (corresponding to F2, Fig. 1,). passing this valve outside the
vat A, as shown in dotted line to the receiving chamber F.
The float M, weight bean; lever L, and rolling ball or weight L³, is arranged as
described in reference to Fig. 1, except that the rod M', is or may be attached to a
separate arm M², and that the rod M, from the float M, is supposed to be made in
two parts to be connected by a right and left handed screw coupling so that the
position of the float may be readily adjusted in relation to the level of the liquid in
the vat and the beam lever L.
The float acts automatically to work the slide valve E³, as described in reference
to Fig. 1, and it works the sluice valve P2 at the same time..
In working the valve E³, and P2, by hand, the latter is closed a little sooner than
the valve E³, but when working automatically both valves open and close by the same
movement, and there will be some liquid left in the treating chamber H, and pipes,
after the sluice valve P2 is closed, and the second receiving chamber F, is made of
capacity, sufficient to receive this liquid, which will escape when air is admitted into
the second receiving chamber F, by the slide valve E³, through any ordinary valve F³,
(corresponding to F3 Fig. 1,) which will open to allow liquid to pass out, but will
prevent air or liquid from passing in the opposite direction. As shown in Fig. 5,
air and liquid only is used, but when steam or gas is to be used in place of air a
hinged lid, and a cock K, will be required similar to those described in reference to
Fig. 1. A weighted pawl N, is shown in Fig. 5 similar to N, Fig. 1, which will act
in like manner to stop the machine automatically when allowed. To effect this
object automatically after any given number of alternate treatments by liquid and
air, gas or steam the arrangement described as follows is used.
There is a stud S, carried on the side of the vat A, or by other means, upon which
a ratchet wheel S', can rotate, on the side of which ratchet, there is a disc S2, or cam
secured, the edge of which is arranged to come under and against a projection N³,
from the side of the weight arm of the pawl N, and thus prevent the pawl from
catching upon the notch L', in the segment L, until the number of alternate actions
has taken place. The teeth of the ratchet S are acted upon by a pawl S³, one end
of which is jointed to an arm S4, upon the shaft L', so that at each double oscillation
or up and down movement of the float M, the ratchet S¹, will be moved one tooth.
When commencing one set of operations, the ratchet is turned back to a stop or
marked tooth, so that when it has been moved say six times, that part S³, of the
disc S2, which has been cut away will come under the projection from the weight
arm of the pawl and allow it to press towards the segmental surface having a
B

page_text: HOTCH, and thus arrest the lever L, and stop the machine at the time
required.
By turning the ratchet wheel S', back to the required position the pawl N, will be
removed from the notch L', and the machine will start again and go through the
same number of operations and then stop again automatically.
Fig. 7 shows a plan view of the perforated table plate J, to which the tubular
handle J Fig. 1 is attached.
Trepresents the cops which are placed on tubular skewers T¹, perforated at the
sides as shown in Fig. 8.
A warf or washer T2, is secured at the lower end of each hollow skewer which
rests upon a ring of india rubber or other suitable elastic material T³.
In Fig. 8 the end of the skewer is shown in a hole in the perforated plate J, with
the india rubber ring in a sunk recess in the face of the plate. In Fig. 9 there is
no recess for the india rubber ring T3.
In Fig. 10, a metallic barrel T4, is shown with a bush of wood or other material
with a hole in its axis at each end.
The cylindrical sides of the barrel T¼, are perforated with numerous small
holes.
One end of these metal barrels T₁, is inserted in a recess in the perforated plate J,
with a ring of india rubber T³, between the end of the tube and the recess and the
hole at the upper end of the barrel is closed by a plug T', when in the treating
chamber.
Fig. 11 is an arrangement suitable for cloth wound round the centre barrel T4,
yarn in hanks, fibrous sliver in coil or loose fibre.
The central barrel T*, is closed at its upper end, and has numerous perforations in
its cylindrical sides.
There is a bottom Te, attached to the lower end of the barrel T', and a cylinder T',
the lower end of which rests upon and can be lifted with, but detached from the
bottom the sides of the cylinder are perforated. The hollow barrel at its lower
end fits upon a tubular projection J³, from the table plate J, which brings the
interior of the barrel T*, into communication with the cavity D, Figs. 1 and 5.
There is a ring of india rubber or other suitable material T3, between the bottom Tº,
and the surface of the plate J. There is or may be a hollow handle J2, in the
upper closed end of the barrel T4, for lifting the barrel and connected parts,
the hollow of the handle allowing the air to be removed from the upper part of the
receiving chamber H, when used in the machine illustrated by Fig. 1, but is not
required to be hollow when used in the machine illustrated by Fig. 5.
Fig. 12 shows an arrangement for treating cones for felt hats.
There is a shallow dish T8, having two uprights T, one on each side for a
handle Tx, jointed to each side so as to turn on one side. There is a hole in the
bottom of the dish T%, to pass over a tubular projection J³, upwards from the
plate J.
Between the bottom of the dish T8, and the plate J, there is an india rubber
ring T³.
Above the bottom of the dish and to it, the lower ends of a cone T, formed of
perforated plate or woven wire is secured, and upon this cone a number of cone
felt hat bodies U, are placed one over the other.
In respect of the arrangements shown by Figs. 11 and 12, one of them may be
of such size as to fill the treating chamber H, or the latter may be of such size as
to receive two, three or more of these arrangements the chamber H, being of the
required depth to submerge the materials to be treated.
In dyeing or bleaching by our improved machines it will be most convenient and
economical, and will produce the largest amount of work, if a separate machine
for each operation is employed.
In dyeing, for instance, one machine may be used for mordanting by suitable
liquid solutions and another for dyeing and treating with air, steam or gas.
In bleaching, one of our machines is or may be used for cleansing or scouring by

page_text: alternate action of liquid solutions of caustic soda or other suitable material and
steam.
Another machine may be for washing, and another for treating with bleaching
liquor or gas and so on as required. In such cases it will be only necessary to
place the movable table or arrangement J, with the articles or materials upon them
into the treating chamber H, and transfer such tables J, from one machine to
another until the required dyeing and bleaching operations are finished.
By having a number of suitable tables J, or receptacles as shown by Figs. 11
and 12 the cops or other materials may be placed in or upon them ready to be put
in the treating chamber H, and when the operations are finished these materials can
be removed from these tables or receptacles and replaced by other materials to be
treated, so that there is no time lost in changing, which is very quickly
accomplished.
By our machine the liquid in the vat can be readily filtered if required by
placing a perforated dish in the treating chamber in place of the table and
covering the dish by a filtering cloth. Then by the action of the machine the
liquid may be drawn from the vat A, into the chamber H, and then passed through
the filtering cloth into the receiving chamber B, and then discharged from it into
the vat A, again, this being repeated until practically all particles capable of being
removed by filtration are separated. But the liquids may be filtered by an
arrangement separate from the machine.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion, and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is.
1. The combination and arrangement of a treating chamber, and its lid or cover,
with its bottom perforated with one or more holes, and placed above the level of
the liquid to be used, and having a passage or passages or conduit extending from
the treating chamber below the level of the liquid to be used, and a cavity below the
perforated bottom separate from the treating chamber which can be exhausted
sufficiently to produce a draught or suction that will cause the liquid to be lifted
from its source into the treating chamber, (when the lid is closed), and drawn
through the same, and the materials placed therein to be operated upon, the liquid
in the treating chamber when the draught ceases, and air steam or gas is admitted
therein, flowing back from it by gravity to the source of supply, substantially as
and for the purposes hereinbefore described by reference to Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4 of
the drawings.
2. The combination and arrangement of a treating chamber, having a lid or
cover, a bottom with one or more perforations, a cavity below the perforated
bottom, separate from the treating chamber, a communication between the latter
and the liquid to be used, the surface of which is below the perforated table, a
conduit between the said cavity and a receiving chamber capable of being
exhausted by a pump or other suitable means; the liquid remaining in the treating
chamber when the draught ceases flowing from it, and back to its sources when air,
steam or gas is admitted, substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore
described and illustrated by Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive of the drawings.
3. The apparatus referred to in claims 1 and 2 in combination with a second
receiving chamber, substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore described by
reference to Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4 of the drawings.
4. The employment of a tubular handle, from the perforated table plate
extending to the upper part of the treating chamber, or a pipe or passage from
the cavity below the perforated table plate to the upper part of the treating
chamber, substantially as and for the purpose herein before described in reference
to Fig. 1 of the drawings.
5. The employment of a lid or cover (H³) hinged to the treating chamber H, and
arranged substantially as and for the purpose herein before described by reference
to Fig. 1 of the drawings.

page_text: 6. Connecting the air valve for the receiving chamber, and second receiving
chamber with the cock or valve for turning on and off the supply of steam, air or
gas to the treating chamber, so that both are actuated by the same handle
substantially as hereinbefore described by reference to Figs. 1 to 4 inclusive of the
drawings.
7. The mode of working the apparatus automatically by the action of a float
lever and rolling weight and the rise and fall of the liquid in the vat, substantially
as hereinbefore described by reference to Fig. 1 of the drawings.
8. The mode of working the apparatus automatically by a float lever and rolling
weight which weight lever is arranged to work a valve of a small steam or air
cylinder and piston, the rod of which is connected with the lever or levers and
mechanism for transmitting movement to the valves E³, and K substantially as
kerein before described by reference to Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4 of the drawings.
9. The general combination and arrangement of mechanism substantially as and
for the purpose hereinbefore described and illustrated by Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4 of the
drawings.
10. The combination of a treating chamber, the upper edge of which is below
the level of the liquid in the vat with a receiving chamber and second receiving
chamber and connected valve mechanism, and mechanism for operating the same,
substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore described by reference to Figs. 5
and 6 of the drawings.
11. When working automatically by a float, lever and rolling weight and the rise
and fall of the liquid in the vat, the automatic arrangement of mechanism for
stopping the alternate actions of the apparatus after a given number have taken
place, substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore described, whether
combined with the modification illustrated by Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4 or the one
illustrated by Figs. 5 and 6 of the drawings.
12. In treating materials in the processes for dyeing and bleaching, the use of a
movable plate or table or receptacle which can have the material to be operated
upon placed on or in it, which table or receptacle when in its position in the
treating chamber is made fluid tight in respect to the cavity below the table or
receptacle by a ring of india rubber or other suitable elastic material, substantially
as hereinbefore described in reference to Figs. 1 and 5 and Figs. 11 and 12 of the
drawings.
13. The combination of the treating chamber arranged and operated sub-
stantially as hereinbefore described by reference to Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4 or Figs. 5
and 6 with the receiving chamber (B) arranged so that the liquid drawn into it at
one operation, is allowed to pass from it back to the vat while the goods in the
treating chamber are being operated upon by air steam or gas substantially as
hereinbefore described.
14. The combination of the treating chamber arranged and operated sub-
stantially as hereinbefore described by reference to Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4 or Figs. 5
and 6 with the receiving chamber (B) and the second receiving chamber (F) in
such manner that the liquid drawn into either receiving chamber B or F may pass
back from them to the vat that from the receiving chamber (B) while the goods are
being operated upon by aeriform fluids, and that from the second receiving
chamber F, while the goods are being operated upon by liquids, substantially as
hereinbefore described.
Dated this Twentieth day of November 1890.
PETER J. LIVSEY,
Agent.