Improvements in Turbine Water Motors.
Year: 1889

page_text: Date of Application, 28th Mar., 1889
Complete Specification Left, 27th Dec., 1889-Accepted, 1st Feb., 1890
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Turbine Water Motors.
I, ROBERT GRAY MORTON, of Errol, in the County of Perth, North Britain,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this Invention to be as follows, that is
to say :-
My said Invention has for its object to improve the construction of turbine water
motors of a kind which I have made during many years, and which are of the 'Poncelet
type but modified by various useful details or devices of my own.
In turbines of the kind to which my Invention relates the driven shaft has 'fast on
it a disk, on one side of which, and between it and an annular plate, there are fixed a
number of curved blades, which receive the impact of water first at their 'outer parts,
the water after acting on the entire surface of the blade at an angle of direction which
is throughout as nearly uniform as possible, finally getting at an open central space.
The water is directed upon the turbine from an external casing, through passages of
suitable inclination formed by stationary plates fixed in an annular space encircling
the turbine; and for varying the power given by the turbine without wasting water,
more or fewer of the stationary passages can be covered by external segmental
cylindrical plates, provided with adjusting gear.
One of my present improvements consists in forming each turbine blade with flanges
of the exact shape of the lateral space between two blades, these flanges serving for
conveniently fixing the blades to the disk and outer annular plate, and building
closely together so as to secure accuracy and rigidity.
For varying the power of the turbine, and instead of the segmental cylindrical
plates which were movable circularly, and were such that at the most only half the
circumference of the turbine could be utilised, I provide a complete cylindrical ring
and any suitable adjusting gear for moving it more or less over the stationary passages
in a direction parallel to the turbine shaft; and 1 fix to such rings plates projecting
into the stationary passages. When the ring with its plates is in one position all the
passages entirely round the turbine are fully open, but on moving the ring more or less
it covers more or less of the passages whilst its plates projecting into the passages
confine the water passing through them and prevent it from losing effect by spreading
laterally. Or the ring may be made in segments separately movable 'parallel to the
shaft, in which case the plates projecting into the passages may in some cases be
dispensed with.
In order to still further increase the power developable from a turbine of a given
diameter I make it duplex or with blades on both sides of its disk, suitable outlets for
the water from both sides being provided. And with the duplex turbine I may vary
the power either by means of cylindrical rings moving parallel to the shaft and having
plates projecting into the passages, or by means of segmental cylindrical plates moving
circularly.
DLL
CL1000
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Turbine Water.Motors.
I, ROBERT GRAY MORTON, of Errol, in the County of Perth, North Britain,
Engineer, 'do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, that is to say :—
My said Invention has for its object to improve the construction of turbine water

page_text: motors of a kind which I have made during many years, and which are of the Poncelet
type, but modified by various useful details or devices of my own.
In turbines of the kind to which my Invention relates, the driven shaft has
fast on it a disk, on one side of which, and between it and an annular plate there
are fixed a number of curved blades, which receive the impact of water first at their
outer parts, the water after acting on the entire surface of the blade at an angle of
direction which is throughout as nearly uniform as possible, finally getting away at
an open central part. The water is directed on the turbine from an external casing
through passages of suitable inclination formed by stationary plates fixed in an
annular space encircling the turbine ; and for varying the power given by the turbine
without wasting water, more or fewer of the stationary passages can be covered by
external segmental cylindrical plates provided with adjusting gear.
In describing the improvements constituting my present Invention I will refer to
an accompanying sheet of explanatory drawings on which figure, 1, is a horizontal
section of a turbine with its encircling stationary directing passages, figure, 2, a vertical
section showing also part of the outer casing into which the motive water is led in the
ordinary way. Figures, 3, 4, and 5, are a plan, an elevation, and a horizontal section
of a turbine blade.
One improvement consists in forming each turbine blade, 6, with flanges, 7,
of the exact shape of the lateral space between two blades, these flanges, 7,
serving for conveniently fixing the blades, 6, to the disk, 8, and to the outer
annular plate, 9, and building closely together so as to secure accuracy and rigidity.
The flanges, 7, may be thus fixed by means of rivets as shown in the drawing or in
any other convenient way.
For varying the power of the turbine, and instead of the segmental cylindrical
plates, heretofore used, and which were movable circularly, and were such that at the
most only half the circumference of the turbine could be utilised, I provide a complete
cylindrical ring, 10, and any suitable adjusting gear for moving it more or less over
the stationary passages, 11, in a direction parallel to the turbine shaft, 12; and I. fix
to such ring, 10, plates, 13, projecting into the stationary passages, 11. When the
ring, 10, with its plates, 13, is in the position in which it is shown in figure, 2, all the
passages, 11, entirely round the upper half of the turbine are fully closed, but on
moving the ring, 10, more or less it uncovers more or less of the passages, 11, whilst
its plates, 13, projecting into the passages confine the water passing through the
passages and prevent it from losing effect by spreading laterally. Or the ring may be
made in segments separately movable parallel to the shaft, 12, in which case the
plates, 13, projecting into the passages may sometimes be dispensed with.
In order to still further increase the power developable from a turbine of a given
diameter I make it duplex, or with blades, 6, on both sides of its disk, 8, as shown in
figure, 2, suitable outlets, 14, 15, for the water from both lower and upper sides being
provided. With a duplex turbine of this kind I may vary the power either by means
of cylindrical rings, 10, moving parallel to the shaft, 12, and having plates, 13, pro-
jecting into the passages, 11, or by means of segmental cylindrical plates moving
parallel to the shaft or circularly.
In figure, 2, the ring, 10, for more or less closing the passages, 11, is shown as
applied only to the upper half of the duplex turbine, an arrangement allowing of
adjustment from full power down to half, a range of adjustment which will be
sufficient for many applications. Similar rings, 10, may however be applied to bothi
halves of the turbine if desired; and it will of course be understood that if the turbine
is made as heretofore single or with blades, 6, on the under side, only of the disk, 8,
either a complete ring, 10, with plates, 13, and moving parallel to the shaft, 12,
or segmental plates moving parallel to the shaft, may be applied to the passages, 11,
directing the water to the blades, 6, of such turbine. In figure, 2, the devices shown
for moving the ring, 10, consist of screw spindles, 16, passing through stuffing boxes
in the top of the casing, and tapped through brackets, 17, these spindles being
extended to any convenient height, and being turned by means of levers or any
suitable gearing.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
claim is
1. Making the blades of a turbine water motor with flanges for attachment to the
disk and annular plate of the turbine such flanges being of the shape of the space
between each blade and the next substantially as hereinbefore described.
2. Improved means for varying the power of a turbine water motor and consisting
of a ring or segments of a ring moving parallel to the turbine shaft and with
or without plates projecting into the directing passages substantially as hereinbefore
described.
3. Making a turbine water motor of the Poncelet type duplex, or with blades on
both sides of the disk, and with lower and upper discharge outlets, substantially as
hereinbefore described.
Dated this Twenty-sixth day of December 1889.
EDMUND HUNT,
Applicant's Agent.