matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
Year: 1872

page_text: cock or valve is open the other is closed; and there is a float or floats in
each cylinder mounted on or connected with the valve, rod, or rods,
whereby the valves are opened and closed alternately. Water enters at
the lower end of the cylinder by the supply pipe, the valve at bottom
opening to admit it as soon as the pressure of water arrives, and closing
at the same time the valve at top, the float consequently rising with the
water; as soon as the cylinder is full, the lower valve closes by the
action of the float, while the top valve opens and at the same time that
this action takes place, another and additional valve at or near the
bottom of the cylinder is opened simultaneously with the rising of the
float and the closing of the bottom valve before mentioned, so that the
water previously admitted into the cylinder from the supply pipe runs
off, and atmospheric air is admitted by the top valve, fills the cylinder
and takes the place of the water which has been discharged; as soon as
all the water has run off, the float has fallen, opened the supply valve,
and shut the air valve so that the air is thus retained in the cylinder
to be utilized as hereafter described.
Above the cylinder just described there is another cylinder, which is
also in connection, at say its lower part, with a water supply pipe; this
cylinder is also provided with float or floats and valves (with the 2
exception of the additional or emptying valve), as in the arrangement
first described, whereby one valve is opened while the other is closed.
Now supposing this second cylinder to be full of water, and the lower
cylinder to be full of atmospheric air as before described, then as
sɔon as fresh water is admitted into the lower cylinder from the supply
the air valve at top opens, and the air contained in the aforesaid
cylinder rushes up a pipe in connection with the second cylinder, and
forces out the water contained therein to a receptacle above, and this
may be repeated as often as there are cylinders for the purpose.
According to another arrangement, instead of allowing any water to
run to waste, I place a cylinder or vessel below to receive it as it leaves
the first cylinder, when the additional or emptying valve before
mentioned opens, thus it will be understood that the top cylinder being
full of atmospheric air, and the bottom cylinder of water just admitted
from the top cylinder, that as soon as the air valve or air cock opens, a
air will rush into the cylinder containing the water by the pressure of
the fresh supply, which in fact must be admitted in order to open the

page_text: valve, and so to force the water contained in the said cylinder to another
cylinder or other receptacle above, and so on from cylinder to cylinder.
Check or back valves may be fitted to the pipes connecting the cylinders,
in order to admit, to cut off, or to direct the air, as required.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LIQUEURS OR CORDIALS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 19th February 1872.-A communication from abroad by
François-Antoine (surnamed Antonin) Joannon, of Paris, in the
Republic of France.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LIQUEURS OR CORDIALS," & communication
to me from abroad by François-Antoine (surnamed Antonin) Jaonnon,
of Paris, in the Republic of France, to be as follows:-
:-
This Invention consists in saturating with carbonic acid gas in as
pure a state as it can be obtained under pressure, or otherwise, liqueurs
or cordials, alcoholic or otherwise, such for example as cognac, rum,
kirsch, absinthe, marasquino, curaçao, and the like, whereby a new
sparkling liqueur or cordial is obtained, which is not only grateful to
the palate but possesses stomachic properties not hitherto known.

page_text: Any of the well-known methods of saturating a liquid with carbonic
acid gas may be adopted in carrying out this Invention, the essential
feature of which is the production of a sparkling liqueur or cordial as
herein-before described.
A NEW OR IMPROVED DEVICE FOR PROTECTING GROWING CELERY AND CARDOONS
Year: 1872

page_text: .
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Simpson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th March
1872.
I, JOHN SIMPSON, of Wortley, in the County of York, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED DEVICE
FOR PROTECTING GROWING CELERY AND CARDOONS," to be as follows:―
My Invention is intended to provide a good and cheap substitute for
the various unhandy contrivances, such as hay ropes, moss, tiles, and
rags, which are now frequently resorted to for the purpose of protecting
celery and cardoons before earthing up.
My device consists of a collar made by preference of stout brown paper
(but other kinds of paper or other suitable material can be used if
desired), the dimensions being from 3 to 6 inches in depth and about 9
inches in length more or less. This collar is provided at one end with
a hook or catch, while the other end is formed with one or more (by
preference with a number of) holes for the hook to take into. To apply
this collar the leaves of the plant are gathered up and the collar is
slipped on, the hook being made to enter the hole which will secure the

page_text: proper degree of tightness. As the plant increases in thickness the
collar will yield by the hook pulling through into the next hole. A
collar should be put on each time that the plants are soiled up, and about
half an inch of the collar should be left above the soil for the next collar
to overlap. These collars prevent the plant coming in contact with the
soil, keep it clean, lessen its liability to rot, protect it from slugs, and
secure a better blanched and more compact head containing a much
greater eatable bulk.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BREAD AND OTHER FARINACEOUS FOOD
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Hodgson at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 3rd April 1872.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD HODGSON, of Kennington Park Road, in the
County of Surrey, Baker, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BREAD AND OTHER
FARINACEOUS FOOD," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in manufacturing bread and other farinaceous
food by the use of pure sea water, in the following manner and by
the following means.
To manufacture bread, for example, I take the sea water and heat it
to the ordinary temperature to set the ferment, then mix potatoe pulp,
and add thereto the yeast and flour to make it into dough, and bake in
the usual way.
The proportions of the above ingredients would be about the ordinary
proportions used in the manufacture of bread and other farinaceous
food.

page_text: Bread manufactured as above is easier of digestion, and more nutri-
tious, the sea water containing the proper proportions of iodine,
magnesia, and salt, and being perfectly free from any adulteration
whatever.
IMPROVEMENTS IN KITCHEN BOILERS FOR MORE EFFECTUALLY HEATING WATER FOR DOMESTIC PURPOSES AND PREVENTING · CHOKING OF THE FLUES BY CINDERS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Wilson at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
April 1872.
I, WILLIAM WILSON, junior, of the City of Manchester, Ironmonger,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN KITCHEN BOILERS FOR MORE EFFECTUALLY HEATING WATER FOR DOMESTIC
PURPOSES AND PREVENTING · CHOKING OF THE FLUES BY CINDERS," to be as
follows:-
The object of this Invention is to increase the heating surface and
efficiency of kitchen boilers, and consists in constructing such boilers
with two distinct vertical flues passing directly through them, and com-
municating together at the top through a separate cast-iron casing, or
otherwise, in order that the flame and products of combustion may ascend
up one of such flues, then cross the top of the boiler through the casing
or cross flue, and descend down the other vertical flue, and escape into
the chimney through a flue formed either at the side or the back of
such boiler. By these means the heat from the fire is utilised to a
great extent, and owing to the flues being vertical the tendency which

page_text: exists in horizontal flued kitchen boilers to choke up with cinders is
entirely obviated.
In the case of a copper boiler I prefer to raise the boiler upon a cast-
iron casing which forms the entrance to one of the vertical flues, and
also forms a communication between the bottom of the second flue and
the back or side flue on the outside of the boiler.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-PROOF ROOFING
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Robert Lake, of the Firm of Haseltinė,
Lake, & Co., Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN FIRE-PROOF ROOFING."-A com-
munication from abroad by John B. Cornell, of the City and State
of New York, United States of America.
.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said William Robert Lake
-
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and
Declaration, on the 1st April 1872, pursuant to the 9th Section
of the Patent Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co., Patent Agents,
Southampton Buildings, London, send greeting.
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for “IMPROVEMENTS IN
FIRE-PROOF ROOFING," and have petitioned Her Majesty to grant unto
me, my executors, administrators, and assigns, Her Royal Letters Patent

page_text: for the same, and have made solemn Declaration that it has been com-
municated to me from abroad by John B. Cornell, of the City and State
of New York, United States of America.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Robert Lake, do hereby
declare that the following Complete Specification, under my hand and
seal, fully describes and ascertains the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same is to be performed, in and by the following
statement, reference being had to the accompanying Drawing forming a
part of this Specification :-

page_text: First. A fire-proof roof formed of slates C and a corrugated metal.
sheet A' applied to a building in the manner specified.
Second. The slate C, sheet A, and plastering E combined and applied
as and for the purpose specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Robert Lake, have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this First day of April, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-two.
Witness,
EDWARD C. JACKSON.
W. ROBT. LAKE. (L.S.)
IMPROVEMENTS IN PORTABLE AND SELF-PROPELLING ENGINES, AND IN ADAPTING THEM FOR THE PURPOSE OF STEAM PLOUGHING
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Edwards at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 9th
March 1872..
I, ROBERT EDWARDS, of Deal, in the County of Kent, Civil Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN PORTABLE AND SELF-PROPELLING ENGINES, AND IN ADAPTING THEM FOR THE
PURPOSE OF STEAM PLOUGHING," to be as follows :-
In making portable engines according to this Invention I extend
the fire-box side plates forward towards the smoke box and upwards
above the barrel of the boiler so as to form brackets for the axle of the
hind travelling wheels underneath the boiler, and brackets for the crank
shaft above the barrel of the boiler; I also by preference bolt the
cylinder on to the smoke box, the latter being a continuation of the
boiler.
In self-propelling engines I use the same arrangement of side plates,
the axle of the driving wheels takes the place of the travelling wheel
axle, and either an intermediate pin is bolted to the side plate to carry
the gearing between the crank shaft and driving axle, or a countershaft

page_text: going through a transverse pipe inserted in the barrel of the boiler is
, used, its bearings being bolted to the side plates. When two speeds are
desired in the gearing of these engines, I provide the countershaft or
pin with two spur wheels in one but of different diameters, the larger
being on the inside; the crank shaft I fit with two pinions of suitable
diameters to gear respectively with the spur wheels of the countershaft
or pin. These pinions are free to slide on a key or feather on the crank
shaft. The larger pinion I so form as to be capable of receiving the
small pinion within it. Thus when the small pinion is in gear with its
spur wheel the larger pinion can be slidden out of gear, and when the
larger pinion is in gear the smaller may be slidden out of and inside
the larger pinion, or both can be slidden out of gear when required,
suitable clutches or arrangements being made to keep them in their
respective places as required. It is not necessary to have the larger
pinion keyed to the shaft, as the small pinion's teeth can be made to fit
into internal teeth with which it may be provided, and thereby lock the
larger pinion to its shaft and cause it to rotate therewith when required.
gear
In adapting portable engines. whether self-propelling or otherwise to
steam ploughing, I propose to place a countershaft either on the top or
bottom of the barrel of the boiler or on the smoke box, having on. one
end a spur wheel gearing with a pinion on the crank shaft (and by
preference at the fly wheel end), and on the end of the countershaft
opposite to the fly wheel side of the engine I place two drums suitable
for coiling wire rope thereon; these drums must be adapted to connect
with or disconnect from the shaft with facility by means of suitable
clutches.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PREVENTING THE ACCIDENTAL EXPLOSION OF GUNPOWDER AND OTHER EXPLOSIVES DURING THEIR MANUFACTURE AND WHEN STORED OR IN TRANSIT
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Bell Muschamp at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th October 1872.
I, JOHN BELL MUSCHAMP, of Kensington, in the County of Middle-
sex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PREVENTING THE ACCIDENTAL EXPLOSION OF GUNPOWDER
AND OTHER EXPLOSIVES DURING THEIR MANUFACTURE AND WHEN STORED OR IN
TRANSIT," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to a means of preventing the accidental
explosion of gunpowder and other explosives during their manufacture
and when stored, or in transit, by enclosing such explosive or explosives
as herein-after more fully described in an atmosphere of carbonic acid
or nitrogen gas, or a mixture of these, or any other gas or gases that
will not support combustion.
In the manufacture of gunpowder it is well known that the explosions
which occasionally occur mostly take place during the process of
grinding or mixing the materials of which the powder is made. This
I prevent by enclosing the grinding or mixing apparatus in an air-tight

page_text: chamber, which after having the atmospheric air exhausted from it by
any suitable means is filled with the said gas or gases at any required
pressure, in which atmosphere, as it is impossible for even a spark to
exist, no explosion can by any means take place. The shaft or shafts
giving motion to the said grinding or mixing apparatus or machinery
may pass out of the said air-tight chamber through a suitable stuffing
box or boxes, so that its motion may be under control of the attendant.
Parts of the said air-tight chamber may also be made of or provided
with glass so that the process of grinding or mixing may be observed
from without, and when this process has been completed the said gas or
gases are exhausted and atmospheric air readmitted, when the said
chamber may be entered at pleasure.
The above described process is but one application of my Invention in
connection with the manufacture of explosives, although it is applicable
in many other instances, but whenever or however employed the same
principle is observed, viz., enclosing the explosive in an atmosphere of
the said gas or gases.
In applying my Invention to the safe storage or transit of explosives
I proceed as follows:-The explosive is first put into an air-tight
receptacle from which the atmosphere is then exhausted, and which is
then charged with the said gas or gases at any required pressure, by
which means spontaneous combustion of the explosive is rendered
impossible, and almost perfect immunity from the danger of accidental
explosion is obtained.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SPOOLS FOR THE SHUTTLES OF SEWING MACHINES AND IN THE MODE OF WINDING THE THREAD THEREON
Year: 1872

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by Thomas Laycock and James
Shuttleworth at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition and Declaration, on the 7th November 1872,
pursuant to the 9th Section of the Patent Law Amendment Act,
1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, THOMAS
LAYCOCK and JAMES SHUTTLEWORTH, both of Skipton-in-Craven,
County of York, send greeting.
WHEREAS we are in possession of an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SPOOLS FOR THE SHUTTLES OF SEWING MACHINES AND IN
THE MODE OF WINDING THE THREAD THEREON," and have petitioned. Her
Majesty to grant unto us, our executors, administrators, and assigns,
Her Royal Letters Patent for the same, and have made solemn Declara-
tion that we are the true and first Inventors thereof.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Thomas Laycock and James
Shuttleworth, do hereby declare that the following Complete 'Speci-
fication, under our hand and seal, fully describes and ascertains the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed in and by the following statement :-

page_text: DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1 is a Drawing shewing an ordinary shuttle for a sewing
machine with our improved spool therein; Fig. 2 is a Drawing shewing
the spool separate and apart from the shuttle filled with thread, and
Fig. 3, the spool empty. In each of the above Drawings the same
letters of reference indicate like parts.
The full spool is indicated by the letter a, and the spindle or wire
by b.
The shuttle c is of the ordinary construction and requires
no special description. The thread is wound upon the spool in the
manner shewn in Fig. 2, tapering at each end to prevent any liability
of the thread slipping off. And the ends of the spool are pointed
for the purpose of diminishing the friction on the shuttle.
Having described and ascertained the nature of our Invention,
and the manner of carrying the same into practical effect, we would
haye it understood that we do not bind ourselves to the precise
form of spool or form of filled spool, but what we claim is, the
application of spools filled with thread in the manner herein described

page_text: and shewn in the Drawings to the shuttles of sewing machines, and
the construction of spools without flanges, as herein described and
shewn in the accompanying Drawings.
In witness whereof, we, the said Thomas Laycock and James
Shuttleworth, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this
Second day of November, One thousand eight hundred and
seventy-two.
Witness,
EDWARD HARRISON.
THOMAS LAYCOCK.
(L.S.)
JAMES SHUTTLEWORTH. (L.S.)
AN IMPROVED FILTERING Jue
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Howard Busby Fox at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd January 1872.
I, HOWARD BUSBY Fox, of Oxton, in the County of Chester, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED FILTERING
Jue," to be as follows:-
An improved filtering jug or pitcher constructed according to this
Invention consists of an addition of a filtering medium to jugs manu-
factured under Letters Patent granted to me, bearing date the Thirticth
day of May 1871, and numbered 1435.
opens
The Invention last enumerated consists of forming a jug with the top
partially covered over, and a nozzle or spout on the outside of the jug,
which nozzle or spout is attached down the side of the jug, and in
the said jug through the side and close to the bottom thereof, thus
allowing the bottom of the contents to be poured off first. Now in
adapting a filtering medium to the jug, I take a jug formed according
to the before-going description, and divide it into two parts or com-
partments horizontally by a division being moulded or attached inside

page_text: and forming part of the jug. In the centre of this division is an orifice
(for ordinary jugs say about two and a half inches in diameter) commu-
nicating between the bottom and the top compartments of the jug. The
spout or nozzle comes down the side of the jug and opens into the under
compartment of the jug, either just below the division or at the bottom
of the jug. In the orifice connecting the two compartments I place a
block of carbon or animal charcoal similar to those used in ordinary
filters. To give air and to allow the contents of the bottom com-
partment to be poured away, I pass through the carbon block a small
tube or pipe opening into the bottom compartment through the carbon
block, and running up to the top of the jug, thus allowing air to find its
way into the bottom compartment. In some cases the pipe or tube may
be moulded on to the side of the jug, also in some cases the filtering
medium may be formed of a box or case having a perforated bottom
which fits into the orifice in the division, the box being filled with layers
of flannel, charcoal, and sponge.
Filtering jugs or pitchers according to this Invention may be manu-
factured of any suitable kind of carthenware, glass, metal, gutta percha,
wood, or other substance suitable for the manufacture of jugs.
In using my improved filtering jug the top compartment is filled with
the liquid to be filtered. The liquid perculates through the carbon block
or other filtering medium into the lower compartment, from whence it is
poured off through the nozzle or spout, sufficient air being admitted into
the lower compartment through the tube, the liquid thus poured off
being filtered free from impurity.
AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR THE PROTECTION OF ANIMALS AND CROPS, AND APPARATUS THEREFOR
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Francis Hamilton Douglass at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 4th September 1872.
I, FRANCIS Hamilton DouglASS, of 88, Newman Street, London, W.,
and of 51, Harcourt Street, Dublin, Ireland, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR THE
PROTECTION OF ANIMALS AND CROPS, AND APPARATUS THEREFOR," to be as
follows:-
•
My Invention for an improved method for the protection of animals
and crops, and apparatus therefor, consists of hollow rods of copper or iron
or other metal, and to be fastned to posts let into the ground. These
posts are for the purpose of securing rods to. The rods and posts to be of
various lengths and thickness. The posts to be braced to keep them. in
an upright position. Six feet of top of posts to be dipted in a strong
solution of alum; the portion entering the earth to be tared. The rods to
extend one foot or more over the post; the rod to be continued of iron
or copper or other metal of various thicknesses from above the posts
until it enters into a vat containing liquid or earth, and to be connected
to the wooden posts by means of wood fastned to side of post, with

page_text: a hole in it to admit of rod to pass through. The wooden fastners to be
dipted in alum solution before being used. The cap on top of the rods
to be bell shaped (nearly) on the outside, but to be shaped like an in-
verted cone on the inside; this cap or top of rod to be of a greater
diameter than the rod, and to have chisel shaped edge at top. The vat to i
be of various sizes for the purpose of holding liquid or earth. The rods
to be either solid or hollow. Reference to the Drawing and the notes
and letters thereon will more clerely show my Invention.
AN IMPROVED FIRE ESCAPE
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Winter at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th
August 1872.
I, THOMAS WINTER, of Wardour Street, in the County of Middlesex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
FIRE ESCAPE," to be as follows:-
-:
My Invention relates to simple apparatus designed to be kept in a
bed room or other part of a house or other building to facilitate the
escape of the inmates from the upper portions of the said house or
building when egress by the ordinary ways is cut off by the fire. It may
moreover be conveniently packed and carried in a portmanteau, a hat
box, or other receptacle, to be used by travellers in hotels, or other
buildings not provided with fire-escapes.
The said apparatus has a slide constructed with a spirally grooved bar
of metal or other suitable material, placed upon a rope or cord in such a
manner that when the end of the latter is attached to any suitable
support and the person using the apparatus is suspended from the said
bar it will move slowly down the rope or cord.

page_text: In practising my said Invention I prefer to construct the slide as
follows: I take a cylindrical bar of brass, about six inches long, and
one inch in diameter; this bar has holes at the ends, and a spiral
groove extends around it from one of these holes to the other,
forming a passage from end to end of the bar. The rope or cord is
passed through these holes and around the said groove, and is attached
by either end to the window frame or other suitable support; the rope
being provided with hooks or loops for this purpose. The grooved bar
is enclosed in a sleeve or tube of brass or other suitable material which
is secured on the said tube between a collar at one end and a screw nut
at the other end. This sleeve has arms or wings with slots or apertures,
through which and around the sleeve I pass straps or bands of leather
or other suitable material whereby the person descending by the said
fire-escape may be safely supported or attached to the same.
The person using the apparatus grasps the slide or is attached to or
suspended upon the same by the straps, bands, or other fastenings; the
said bar then descends slowly and steadily upon the rope or cord. The
slide can be stopped at any moment or its descent regulated by grasping
the rope or cord with one hand. If two or more persons are seeking to
escape from the same window or other part of the burning building,
when the first one has reached the ground the rope is drawn up and its
free end made fast to the window frame or other support, the end first
secured being cast off; the slide will then again be at the upper end of
the rope ready for the next person to descend upon the same.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR TREATING HORNY AND OTHER ANALOGOUS ANIMAL SUBSTANCES FOR THE PURPOSE OF CONVERTING THEM INTO AN ELASTIC SUBSTANCE TO BE USED IN PLACE OF WHALEBONE, BRISTLES, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES FOR WHICH SUCH ELASTIC SUBSTANCE MAY BE APPLICABLE
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Birch at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st June
1872.
:
I, WILLIAM BIRCH, of Penrose Street, Walworth Road, in the County
of Surrey, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MODE OF AND APPARATUS FOR TREATING HORNY AND
OTHER ANALOGOUS ANIMAL SUBSTANCES FOR THE PURPOSE OF CONVERTING THEM
INTO AN ELASTIC SUBSTANCE TO BE USED IN PLACE OF WHALEBONE, BRISTLES,
AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES FOR WHICH SUCH ELASTIC SUBSTANCE MAY BE APPLICABLE,"
to be as follows:-
"
My Invention has for its object to produce from the horns and hoofs
of animals a hard elastic substance resembling whalebone in appearance,
flexibility, and elasticity, and some other of its characteristics. I am
also enabled by slightly modifying the process to produce from such
horny substances filaments resembling bristles, which may be used for
the manufacture of brushes, brooms, and other articles which are usually
made of bristles.

page_text: The treatment to which the horny substance is subjected (to effect
the object of my Invention) is a combination of a chemical and
mechanical process. The chemical process is used to soften the substance,
and the subsequent mechanical operation is either to flatten, roll out
and extend, or mould the softened horny matter, or to disintegrate it
into thread-like fibres or filaments.
Various chemical agents will soften the horny substance so as to
prepare it for the after mechanical process, but the agents I prefer to
use for this purpose are vegetable infusions which possess this property.
An infusion of sage or plants of that class will give very satisfactory
results, and in carrying out my Invention I make an infusion or
decoction of sage leaves in boiling water. The horny substances to be
operated upon (say bullocks' or buffaloes' horns) are first split or cut up
longitudinally and then steeped in this solution heated to considerably
above the boiling point of water until the horny substance has become
soft enough to be manipulated by the mechanical process, which is
simply a rolling or pressing operation. By passing the softened horn
between the rollers it may not only be flattened, but also rolled out and
elongated and converted cither into sheets of any desired thickness, or
made into bars or sticks according to the shape of the rollers and the
purpose for which the prepared substance is to be used. If it be desired
to produce thin filaments to be used in the place of bristles, the softened
horny substance is to be rolled down into such thin sheets that the
fibres of the horn will be separated laterally from each other, or will
only be feebly held together by the gelatinous matter contained in the
horn. The thin fibres may then be casily detached by hand or by
washing away the gelatinous matter.
IMPROVED APPARATUS TO BE USED IN DISCHARGING CARGO PROX SHIPS OR VESSELS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Kent Jones at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th September 1872.
I, ROBERT KENT JONES, of Birkenhead, in the County of Chester,
Watchmaker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVED APPARATUS TO BE USED IN DISCHARGING CARGO PROX SHIPS OR
VESSELS" to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of apparatus intended mainly for discharging
bulk cargo such as grain, salt, and seeds, from ships and vessels, but
suitable also for use in unloading packages.
In its simplest form two or more portable connected upright guides
fitted with feet for resting in the hold, or with catches for securing it to
the hatchway combings or other parts are provided, and a traversing
detachable bucket or vessel is adapted to slide up and down thereon.
When lowered the cargo is filled into the said detachable bucket or
vessel, and when raised it is emptied.
To facilitate moving for filling of the said detachable bucket or vessel
it is fitted with wheels; and to further emptying it is hung on centres

page_text: so that when it has been hoisted it can be tilted over and the contents
discharged into a shoot or slide; an adjustable catch piece is affixed on
the uprights, so that when raised to the proper height tilting is effected
automatically.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR EXPRESSING OR OBTAINING OIL FROM SEEDS OR VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Robinson Readett at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
⚫7th August 1872.
I, JOHN ROBINSON READETT, of Dover, in the County of Kent,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR EXPRESSING OR OBTAINING
OIL FROM SEEDS OR VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to dispense with the use of the canvas
or horsehair bags which are usually employed to contain the seeds,
meal, or vegetable substance which is to be subjected to the process of
pressing in order to express the oil contained therein. To this end the
meal or seed is placed in a strong moveable metal or other box or frame
which is open at top and bottom, and is placed on the ram or follower
of the press. A corrugated and perforated metal plate is secured at the
bottom of the moveable box or frame to the ram or follower, and a
similar plate is secured to the cross head of the press, and as more than
one box is used at a time perforated corrugated plates are fixed on the
followers inmediately above cach box. On the bottom corrugated plate

page_text: of cach box is placed a horschair mat which fits the box, and then the
box is filled with the meal or seed to be operated upon. When the box
is full it is levelled at top and another horschair mat is placed thercon.
For the convenienco of filling the moveable boxes are charged before
being placed in the press, and to this end I make use of a false bottom
consisting of a thin metal plate made by preference of sheet iron on
which is placed the horschair mat. The box is then filled and when
placed in the press on the corrugated plate the metal false bottom may
be drawn out by a handle provided for the purpose.
Three, four, or more boxes charged with meal or seed may be placed 1
one above the other, and when the press is charged with the required
number of boxes the ram may be set to work, and the seed or meal will
be compressed in all the boxes, the oil will be expressed from the
vegetable substance and will pass through the horsehair mats, and
through the perforated corrugated metal plates, and will run down 1
the channels into gutters provided for the purpose, so that it may be
collected in suitable receptacles or vessels.
A NOVEL MODE OF CONSTRUCTING (WITH REFERENCE TO INDEPENDENT AXLES AND CRANK SHAFTS) RAILWAY LOCOMOTIVES, AND OTHER ENGINES, RAILWAY CARRIAGES, VANS, AND TRUCKS, AS WELL AS TRAMWAY CARRIAGES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Michael Zamoyski and
William Jackson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 20th November 1872.
We, JOHN MICHAEL ZAMOYSKI and WILLIAM JACKSON, both of 17,
Great George Street, Westminster, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "A NOVEL MODE OF CONSTRUCTING (WITH REFERENCE TO
INDEPENDENT AXLES AND CRANK SHAFTS) RAILWAY LOCOMOTIVES, AND OTHER
ENGINES, RAILWAY CARRIAGES, VANS, AND TRUCKS, AS WELL AS TRAMWAY
CARRIAGES," to be as follows:-
The wheels of all the railway and tramway rolling stock and other
engines are entirely disconnected so as to ensure a true, steady, and a
perfectly independent action of each of them.
The description of the wheels remains the same as under the present
system, but the mode of application of them to railway and tramway
rolling stock and other engines is different.
The axles extend to about twelve or more inches on each side of the
centre of the wheels, or more on the inner side than on the outer side of
the wheels, just as the character of the different classes of engines or

page_text: carriages may demand, and they have an axle box fitted on each end
of the axles. A spring of an ordinary construction is fixed unto each
axle box in the usual manner, and the extremities of it are attached to
the double under framing; this double under framing being made of
wood or iron as the case may be. The wheels are kept in place by
strong guides fitting into grooves on each side of the axle boxes; these
guides are fixed on to the double under framing by strong bolts, and
serve to keep the wheels in the proper gauge without the use of the
connecting axle.
The locomotive remains unchanged in many respects, it has a double
iron under framing enabling it to receive the bearing and trailing wheels
as in the case of carriages, and the driving wheels are worked
independently by a separate pair of cylinders to each wheel.
The cylinders may be made smaller in proportion to the size of the
engine than they may be under the present svistom.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SLUICES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alphonse Helbronner at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th December 1872.-A communication from abroad by François
Durand, of Paris, France.
""
I, ALPHONSE HELBRONNER, of Paris, France, Gentleman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SLUICES,'
a communication to me from abroad by François Durand, of Paris,
France, to be as follows:-
The Invention consists in putting the paddle gates of sluices in direct
communication with one or more tubes laid along the bottom of the
channel of a harbour or roadstead, and which tube or tubes being
provided at suitable distances apart along the entire length with openings
and valves allows of letting the water from the sluice escape at low
water tide with its full impetus by these openings, and thereby cure or
keep the channel open by driving the mud or other impurities into
the sea.
In the annexed Drawing Fig. 1 represents a longitudinal sectional
view of the distributing tube A communicating with the paddle gates B

page_text: of the sluice, and laid along the channel of the roadstead on piles a;
O represents one of the openings provided in the tube A for the escape
of the water which is to cure or keep open the said channel; each
opening C is provided with a valve D. Fig. 2 shows a cross sectional
view of the tube A; and and Fig. 3 a similar view taken over one of the
openings C and its valves D, which latter is represented in the lifted
or opened state, whereas Fig. 4 shows the same when closing its
corresponding opening O; Fig. 5 shows a horizontal sectional view of
the valve D, which latter is worked by means of a lever E hinged at e to
the tube A, and provided at the other end with a tappet f which when
withdrawn from the corresponding slit in the arm G by pulling the
chain sets the valve D free and allows this latter of being lifted from
its seat or opening C by the pressure of the water in the interior of the
tube A, so as to allow the water of escaping with its full impetus
through the opening C for cleansing the channel, whereas when the
pressure of the water ceases to lift the valve D, this latter by its own
weight falls down and closes the opening O.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FEEDING FUEL TO FIRE-PLACES AND FURNACES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Craig M Lean at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
10th September 1872.
I, JOHN CRAIG MCLEAN, of Dumfries, in the County of Dumfries,
North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FEEDING FUEL TO FIRE-PLACES AND FURNACES,"
to be as follows, that is to say :-
This Invention relates to simple and improved apparatus whereby
fuel may be conveniently supplied to or fed into a fire-place or furnace
in a manner to cause the fresh fuel to be placed beneath the incan-
descent or partially consumed fuel in the grate.
In carrying out the Invention the front or outer side of the grate.or
fire-box, whether consisting of open bars or of a close plate, or a part of
it is hung or hinged so as to be capable of opening like a door, but out-
wards and upwards. A guide piece is provided which is shaped in the
form of a portion of a cylinder, such that its axis coincides with the axis
of motion of the door. When fresh fuel is to be supplied the door is
opened and the fuel is put into the guide, after which the door is closed

page_text: down on the top of the fresh fuel, and in being closed is made to push
the fuel into the grate underneath the partially consumed fuel that is in
the grate.
The guide piece may be a fixture, or it may be made so that it can be
detached when not in use.
The bottom and back of the grate may be shaped so as to present a
continuation of the cylindrical form of the guide piece, or it may have
the ordinary flat or other convenient form.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR CORRUGATING ZINC PLATE FOR USE IN THE MANUFACTURE OF WHAT ARE CALLED WASHING FRAMES OR BOARDS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Winne and James
Richard Winne at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 2nd November 1872.
We, JAMES WINNE, of No. 4, Lawrence Hill, and JAMES RICHARD
WINNE, of No. 8, Cumberland Street, both in the City of Bristol, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MEANS OR APPARATUS FOR CORRUGATING ZINC PLATE FOR USE IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF WHAT ARE CALLED WASHING FRAMES OR BOARDS," to be as follows :-
-
In the manufacture of what are called wash boards or frames used in
washing linen corrugated surfaces are employed which though some-
times formed of wood are now generally formed from zinc plate, but
hitherto these corrugations in each apparatus have been formed of equal
lengths consecutively, and we have found it advantageous to produce the
corrugations of varying lengths alternating. For this purpose the sheet
zinc employed is passed between rollers in pairs with corrugated or
serrated surfaces.

page_text: The depth of the currugations or serrations in the surfaces of these
rollers being such as to effect the longest length or depth of corrugation
or crimp to the zinc plates, the corrugations or crimps in the respective
rollers are all alike, but in place of the axes of these rollers being geared
together as is usual, for the motion to them, motion is given to one only
of these rollers, and the drag of the metal passing between them causes
the motion to the other roller, but by a drag, so that the corrugations
are alternately one longer than the other.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR FACILITATING THE STOPPAGE OF CARRIAGES, CARTS, AND OTHER VEHICLES UPON COMMON ROADS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas James Smith at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 16th November 1872.-A communication from abroad by
J. Delbanco, of the City of Hamburg.
I, THOMAS JAMES SMITH, of the Firm of Robertson, Brooman, and
Company, of 166, Fleet Street, in the City of London, Patent Agents,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN APPARATUS FOR FACILITATING THE STOPPAGE OF CARRIAGES, CARTS, AND OTHER
VEHICLES UPON COMMON ROADS," to be as follows:―
This Invention relates to appliances arranged upon or to carriages,
carts, and other vehicles to facilitate their stoppage upon common
roads.
The apparatus consists of levers, links, and bars in connection with
the pole or the shafts of vehicles, some of which are canted upon centres
upon a pull back of the pole or the shafts by the horses when it is
desired to stop them. The pole or the shafts slide in bearings and cause
a pin or bolt to act upon a double lever connected to a lump on or as
part of the axle; at the opposite end of this double lever rods are

page_text: attached, the rods being bent and carried to the rear where they have a
transverse bar connected to which break blocks are secured. Other
bars to which the pole (or the shafts) is attached are carried to the rear,
and the transverse bar slides to and fro upon projections to guide it.
One of the last mentioned bars, or a plate upon it, has a hook for taking
over a pin or stud upon the pole to fix the pole (or the shafts) at
any time.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MOTIVE POWER ENGINES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Peter Couper at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th May
1872.
I, PETER COUPER, of Edinburgh, in the County of Mid Lothian,
North Britain, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MOTIVE POWER ENGINES," to be as follows, that is to
say:-
66
This Invention relates to improvements in the arrangement and
construction of that class of motive power engines known as rotary
engines," and it consists under one arrangement of a hollow cylinder
free to revolve upon a stationary axle or shaft, that portion thereof
which lies within the cylinder being of larger diameter than the other
portions of the said shaft. A space is thus left between the revolving
cylinder and shaft, which constitutes a circular steam-tight chamber, it
being-rendered-steam-tight by packing. To the interior of the chamber
and equidistant from each other, flap or wing valves are attached,
suitable recesses being formed therein for their reception. These valves
are attached by hinge or pin joints, the axle or pin of each of which

page_text: passes through the side of the cylinder, by means of which and gearing
in connection with the revolving parts of the engine the valves are at a
proper time put in and taken out of position. These valves are made
steam-tight by packing, and are arranged to work either against the
sides of the steam chamber, or in recesses or hollows formed in the said
sides. The friction caused by the rubbing of the edge of the valves is
reduced by a movable snug at the back of the shoulder of the valves,
or by utilizing the hollows at the sides of the chamber, so that a
great part of the pressure is borne by these snugs, or by the sides of
the chamber.
The lower side of each valve, or that which bears upon the enlarged
part of the shaft within the cylinder, is made steam-tight by reason of
the pressure of the steam acting against it, and this may be rendered
more perfect by packing or the use of a flexible edge.
At two points on the enlarged portion of the shaft, within the cylinder
and diametically opposite each other, a projection fitting the area of the
steam chamber is situated, thus dividing the chamber into two equal
steam-tight compartments, the sides of these projections being packed
accordingly. On one face of these projections are parts for the admission
of steam, and on the opposite sido are noses which, either with or
without separate aid when a valve comes in contact with them in
revolving, force it into the recess. Through the enlarged portion of
the shaft, within the cylinder and in front of the noses herein-before
mentioned, are exhaust ports; the steam passages may be carried
through one side of the axle, and the exhaust passages through the
other.
It is obvious that by the employment of cut off gear, the steam used
in the engine herein described, may be caused to act expansively.
It is further obvious that in place of arranging the cylinder to revolvo
as herein-before described, the order may be reversed by making the
cylinder stationary, and causing the shaft or axle to revolve.