IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING MACHINERY
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Edward Newton, of the Office for
Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil
Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING MACHINERY."
-A communication from abroad by Richard March Hoe, of the City
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Edward
Newton at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 24th August 1870.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery
Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING
MACHINERY," to be as follows:-
The first part of this Invention relates to improvements in "flat form "
printing machinery, and consists in improved mechanism for the stopping,
holding, starting, and otherwise actuating or governing the motion of the
impression cylinder of "flat form" printing machines; also to improve-
A

page_text: The other
ments in the inking and feeding mechanism of such machines. The
impression cylinder (which is of equal circumference to the travel of the
type bed in one direction) is driven by a rack at the side of the type
table, geering into a spur wheel at one end of the cylinder, a portion of
its circumference being cut away to prevent a retrograde movement of
To insure
the cylinder when the motion of the type bed is reversed.
the complete revolution of the cylinder, to hold it while the bed returns,
and to start it forward so as to gear correctly with the rack, the im-
pression cylinder has a catch tooth bolted to the side of the cylinder wheel,
and is operated by a catch lever pivoted vertically to the side frame of the
machine. A horizontal connecting rod jointed to this catch lever is
furnished with a hook shaped notch, which fits over a pin in the vertical
arm of a three-armed cam lever mounted on a cross shaft.
-horizontal-arms-are-operated-by-cams-suitably-arranged,-and-in-order-
to draw the catch lever into gear with the catch tooth and bring the
cylinder to the stopping point at the proper time the cylinder may also
be held stationary while the bed returns, or it may be started forward
so that the cylinder and side rack shall gear correctly by the same meaus.
It is sometimes requisite to subject the form of type to an extensive
inking process. For this purpose I cause the bed to run backward and
forward twice to one movement of the cylinder. This is effected by
means of a lifting cam attached to a spur wheel driven by suitable gear,
(according to the number of times the bed is to be rolled back and forth)
and a vertical lifting rod jointed to the connecting rod, which is thus
alternately caused to rise off and drop on the pin in the vertical arm,
thereby disconnecting or connecting the catch tooth mechanism with
the cam lever. This mechanism may be thrown out of action while the
machine is running, means being provided against the parts being
operated or lifted at the wrong time.
The improvements in 'the inking apparatus of printing machines
consist in the construction, arrangement, and operation of the same.
The inking rollers are mounted in adjustable bearings in brackets on the
frame of the machine, and have a friction roller at each end of their
shafts running on a track or rail at each side of the type bed, the surfaces
of which are covered with leather, rubber, cloth, or other suitable material
drawn tightly over them. When riding rollers are used a positive
motion is given to them by means of toothed driving wheels keyed to
one end of their shafts, and which gear into a rack on the side of the

page_text: type bed and are driven by it. These wheels are fitted to their shafts
by feathers, the grooves in the wheels being made wider than the feathers
to admit of a loose rolling action. The riding rollers may be caused to
vibrate back and forth endways, each in a direction opposite to that of
its neighbour, by means of a double set of vertical rocking levers
connected to the outer ends of the shafts of the riding rollers, the lower
ends of these levers being actuated by a double grooved cam on one of
the shafts of the machine. Additional inking rollers may be placed
behind the cylinder if necessary, without increasing the travel of the bed
or diminishing the speed of the machine. The riding rollers may be
placed above and partly between each pair of inking rollers and driven
from the rack fixed to one side of the type bed through intermediate
pinions, and operated as before to cause the riding rollers to be vibrated
in opposite directions. The ink distributing apparatus consits of rollers
placed parallel to the table and to each other, and mounted in adjustable
bearings; they turn by contact with the ink table being made to
vibrate endways in the manner before described with reference to the
riding rollers. The number of the form inking rollers being decreased
or increased according to the description of printing required the travel
of the type bed must be made to correspond, the rollers may therefore
require a less or greater space than one half the circumference of the
cylinder. In the first case the additional speed of the machine is obtained
by shortening the travel of the type in front of the cylinder and moving
forward the cylinder in advance of the bed on its return, in the latter
case it is preferred to increase the size of the cylinder until its half
circumference is equal to the space occupied by the inking rollers. The
travel of the type bed not being sufficient to complete the revolution of
the cylinder it will be necessary to carry round the cylinder to finish its
revolution, and bring the fingers again to the proper point. The
mechanism whereby the object is effected may also be employed to run
the type bed back and forth twice to one movement of the cylinder. In
place of the catch tooth before described for operating upon the cylinder
of the machine a segment of spur teeth may be bolted to one end of the
cylinder, and the vertical lever before mentioned may be also armed with
a segment rack to gear therewith, so that the cylinder may be moved
in advance of the bed and made to complete its revolution or held
stationary as may be necessary by operating the vertical rocking lever.
This is effected by a connecting rod operated direct from cams on the
cam shaft, and which may be connected or disconnected to the vertical

page_text: lever by a pin and notch as before. To make this connection and
disconnection self acting the connecting rod is embraced by the upper
horizontal arm of a bell crank lever, the lower arm being governed by a
grooved cam formed on the face of a spur wheel driven from the crank
shaft by a suitable sized pinion, according to the amount of "double
rolling" required. As the grooved cam revolves the notch in the
'connecting rod will be alternately lifted off and dropped on the pin
projecting from the vertical lever, and the cylinder operated as desired.
The improvements in the feeding apparatus of printing machines
consist in means whereby when "double rolling" (i. c., running the
type bed twice to each sheet printed) the fountain roller, fingers, drop
levers, and sheet flyer may be prevented from operating more than once
to each impression. The fountain rollers, fingers, and drop levers are
operated from cams and held out of action during one run of the type
bed by means of the short arms of a rocking shaft, which arms are
thrown under their respective forked operating rods and sustain them
above or out of reach of their respective cams until the proper time
arrives for them to be acted upon.
To obtain good register when feeding the sheets to guides, the guides
for both front and end of the sheet are made adjustable.
To avoid the disturbance of the sheet to be printed, after it is properly
placed on the feed board, two drop arms are arranged and operated so as
to drop on the sheet before the guides or points are moved. A receiving
cylinder with tapes receives the printed sheet and conveys it down to the
flyer without touching it, thereby avoiding the smutting of the sheet.
This part of the Invention also relates to an improved manner of operating
the fingers of certain kinds of printing machinery. The finger rod
carried by the impression cylinder has at one end a T shaped head, through
the end of which a groove is cut diametrically across the rod. The ends
of the groove will vibrate equally each side of a line drawn from the
centre of the cylinder. Through the axis of the finger rod a stud is
fixed in a bracket support in such a position that as the cylinder revolves
it will enter the groove and cause the rod to turn and the fingers to close
on the sheet. A rod furnished with a spiral spring is attached in such
position to the inner end of the grooved head of the finger rod and to
the inner circumference of the cylinder that by its action the fingers
will be retained either closed or open. A stud projecting from the

page_text: bracket support inside the path of the finger rod will return the cross-
head to its original positions, open the fingers, and release the sheet.
-
The next part of the Invention relates to "flat form" perfecting
printing machines in which a set-off sheet is to be fed in to receive the set-
off from the side first printed. The improvement consists in so arranging
a series of endless tapes for the printed sheet, and another series for
the set-off sheet, that each of them after passing through the machine
is conducted to a separate sheet flyer and deposited on a separate fly
board. The roller employed to hold the tapes to the second impression
cylinder is mounted on a swing frame to give access to the cylinder for
the purpose of changing the blankets.
This part of the Invention also relates to the "mangle motion"
employed for reciprocating the type bed of printing machines, and which
as ordinarily constructed possesses great irregularity.
The improvement consists in reducing the angle at which the driven
or oscillating shaft received its motion, thereby enabling the motion of
the cylinder and type bed to more nearly coincide. The main driving
shaft running in bearings on the side frame is made hollow, and the
universal joint at the end of the mangle wheel shaft is connected to the
interior of this shaft near its outer end, by which means the length
of the inclined driven portion of the mangle wheel shaft is increased
to double that of the ordinary arrangement and the angle reduced to
one half.
These improvements also include a modification of the above arrange-
ment in which the angle of the driven or oscillating shaft is greatly
lessened and the universal joint dispensed with. The oscillating shaft
of the mangle motion is mounted on bearings in a frame or yoke, pivoted
ontside the frame of the machine; this frame or yoke encloses a pinion
keyed on the oscillating shaft, somewhat broader than the driving wheel
and slightly bevilled from the centre towards each side, and the teeth of
the driving wheel are tapered to correspond so that the wheels will
always gear correctly throughout the oscillations of the shaft.
The next part of the Invention relates to a type revolving perfecting
machine in which there are two sets of impression cylinders, feed boards,
and sheet flyers. Two type form cylinders are mounted in the frame of
the machine immediately over each other, the uppermost carrying the
first form, and the lower cylinder the second form. Two impression
cylinders are mounted on each side of the machine in close proximity to

page_text: each other and to their respective type form cylinders. The sheet to be
printed is delivered to the upper impression cylinder and is carried round
and receives an impression from the upper form cylinder. It is then
transferred to the lower impression cylinder (the fingers of the one
releasing, and the fingers of the other grasping the sheet) and is carried
round and receives an impression on its opposite side from the lower
form cylinder, and is delivered by means of tapes from the machine. To
increase the production of the machine the type and form cylinders may
bear any desired relative proportion to each other, the speed at which
they are driven and the number of the feed boards being made to
correspond. That portion of the peripheries of the form cylinders not
occupied by the "forms" are used as an ink distributing surface.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said William Edward Newton in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 24th February 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
EDWARD NEWTON, of the Office for Patents, 66, Chancery Lane, in
the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of August, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-
fourth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said William Edward Newton, Her special
licence that I, the said William Edward Newton, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said William Edward
Newton, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PRINTING MACHINERY," being a communication to me
from abroad by Richard March Hoe, of the City and State of New York,
United States of America, upon the condition (amongst others) that I,
the said William Edward Newton, my executors or administrators, by

page_text: an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and
seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said
Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent..
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Edward Newton, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the samo
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being had to the Drawings here-
unto annexed and to the letters and figures. marked thereon (that is
to say) :-
:-
The first part of this Invention relates to improvements in "flat
form" printing machinery, and consists in improved mechanism for
stopping, holding;. starting, and otherwise governing or actuating the
motion of the impression cylinder of flat form printing machines, also to
improvements in the inking and feeding mechanism of such machines.
This machine is provided with a reciprocating table or bed for carrying
the form of type, and also an impression cylinder (of equal circumference
to the travel of this type bed in one direction) which is mounted as
usual on suitable guides and bearings in a strong frame. The type table
receives its traversing motion from a crank pin on one end of the driving
wheel of the machine, which motion is imparted to the bed through a
reciprocating spur wheel in gear with a rack on the under side of the
table, and also with a fixed rack on the bed plate of the machine which
will transmit as it rolls back and forth a motion double in speed to that
due to its reciprocations. The impression cylinder (which is of equal
circumference to the travel of the type bed in one direction) is. driven by
a rack at the side of the type table gearing into a spur wheel at one end
of the cylinder, a portion of its circumference being cut away to prevent
a retrograde movement of the cylinder when the motion of the type
bed is reversed. To insure the complete revolution of the cylinder to
hold it while the bed returns, and to start it forward so as to gear
correctly with the rack, the impression cylinder has a catch tooth bolted
to the side of the cylinder wheel, and is operated by a catch lever
A horizontal
pivotted vertically to the side frame of the machine.
connecting rod jointed to this catch lever is furnished with a hook
shaped notch which fits over a pin in the vertical arm of a three-armed

page_text: cam lever mounted on a cross shaft. The other horizontal arms are
operated by cams suitably arranged, and in order to draw the catch
lever into gear with the catch. tooth, and bring the cylinder to the
stopping point at the proper time, the cylinder may also be held stationary
while the bed returns, or it may be started forward by the same means
so that the cylinder and side rack shall gear correctly. It is sometimes
requisite to subject the form of type to an extensive inking process.
For this purpose the bed is run backward and forward twice to one
movement of the cylinder; this is effected by means of a lifting cam
attached to a spur wheel driven by suitable gear (according to the
number of times the bed is to be rolled back and forth) and a vertical
lifting rod is jointed to the connecting rod, which is thus alternately
caused to rise off and drop on the pin in the vertical arm, thereby
disconnecting or connecting the_catch_tooth mechanism-with-the-cam-
lever. This mechanism may be thrown out of action while the machine
is running, means being provided against the parts being operated or
lifted at the wrong time.
The improvements in the inking apparatus of printing machines
consists in the construction, arrangement, and mode of operation of the
same. The inking rollers are mounted in adjustable bearings in brackets
on the frame of the machine, and have a friction roller at each end of
their shafts running on a track or rail at each side of the type bed, the
surfaces of which are covered with leather, rubber, cloth, or other suitable
material drawn tightly over them. When riding rollers are used a
positive motion is given to them by means of toothed driving wheels
keyed to one end of their shafts, and which gear into a rack on the side
of the type bed, and are driven by it; these wheels are fitted to their
shafts by feathers, the grooves in the wheels being made wider than the
feathers to admit of a loose rolling action. The riding rollers may be
caused to vibrate back and forth endways each in a direction opposite to
that of its neighbour by means of a double set of vertical rocking levers
connected to the outer ends of the shafts of the riding rollers; the
lower ends of these levers are actuated by a double grooved cam on one
of the shafts of the machine. Additional inking rollers may be placed
behind the cylinder (if necessary) without increasing the travel of the
bed or diminishing the speed of the machine. The riding rollers may
be placed above and partly between each pair of inking rollers and
driven from the rack fixed to one side of the type bed through inter-

page_text: mediate pinions, and operated as before to cause the riding rollers to be
vibrated in opposite directions.
The ink distributing apparatus consists of rollers placed parallel to the
table and to each other, and mounted in adjustable bearings; they turn
by contact with the ink table, and are made to vibrate endways in the
manner before described with reference to the riding rollers. The
number of the form inking rollers being decreased or increased according
to the description of printing required, the travel of the type bed must
be made to correspond, the rollers may therefore require a less or greater
space than one-half the circumference of the cylinder. In the first case
the additional speed of the machine is obtained by shortening the
travel of the type in front of the cylinder, and moving forward the
cylinder in advance of the bed on its return. In the latter case it is
preferred to increase the size of the cylinder until its half circumference
is equal to the space occupied by the inking rollers. The travel of the
type bed not being sufficient to complete the revolution of the cylinder
it will be necessary to carry round the cylinder to finish its revolution
and bring the fingers again to the proper point. The mechanism
whereby this object is effected may also be employed to run the type bed
back and forth twice to one movement of the cylinder. In place of the
catch tooth before described for operating upon the cylinder of the
machine a segment of spur teeth may be bolted to one end of the cylinder,
and the vertical lever before mentioned may be also armed with a
segment rack to gear therewith, so that the cylinder may be moved in
advance of the bed, and made to complete its revolution or held stationary
as may be necessary by operating the vertical rocking lever. This is
effected by a connecting rod operated direct from cams on the cam
shaft, and which may be connected or disconnected to the vertical lever
by a pin and notch as before. To make this connection and disconnection
self-acting the connecting rod is embraced by the upper horizontal arm
of a bell crank lever, the lower arm being governed by a grooved cam
formed on the face of a spur wheel driven from the crank shaft by a suitable
sized pinion according to the amount of "double rolling" required.
As the grooved cam revolves the notch in the connecting rod will be
alternately lifted off and dropped on the pin projecting from the vertical
lever, and the cylinder operated as desired.
The improvements in the feeding apparatus of printing machines

page_text: type bed twice to cach sheet printed), the fountain roller fingers, drop
levers, and sheet flyer may be prevented from operating more than once
to each impression. The fountain rollers, fingers, and drop levers, &c..
are operated from cams, and are held out of action during one run of
the type bed by means of the short arms of a rocking shaft. These
arms are thrown under their respective forked operating rods and sustain
them above or out of reach of their respective cams until the proper
time arrives for them to be acted upon. To obtain good register when
feeding the shects to the guides the latter for both front and end of the
sheet are made adjustable. To avoid the disturbance of the sheet to be
printed after it has been properly placed on the feed board two drop.
arms are arranged and are operated so as to drop on the sheet before
the guides or points are moved. A receiving cylinder with tapes receives.
the printed sheet and conveys it_down_to_the_flyer_without_touching-it,
thereby avoiding the smutting of the sheet.
-
This part of the Invention also relates to an improved manner of
operating the fingers of certain kinds of printing machinery. The
finger rod carried by the impression cylinder has at one end a T shaped.
head through the end of which a groove is cut diametrically across the
rod. The ends of the groove will vibrate equally each side of a line
drawn from the centre of the cylinder. Through the axis of the finger
rod a stud is fixed in a bracket support in such a position that as the
cylinder revolves it will enter the groove and cause the rod to turn and
the fingers to close on the sheet. A rod furnished with a spiral spring
is attached in such position to the inner end of the grooved head of the
finger rod and to the inner circumference of the cylinder that by its
action the fingers will be retained either closed or open.
A stud pro-
jecting from the bracket support inside the path of the finger rod will
return the cross head to its original position, open the fingers, and release
the sheet.
The next part of the Invention relates to flat form perfecting printing
machines, in which a set-off sheet is to be fed in to receive the set-off
from the side first printed.
The improvement consists in so arranging a series of endless tapes
for the printed sheet, and another series for the set-off sheet, that each
of them after passing through the machine is conducted to a separate
sheet flyer and deposited on a separate fly board. The roller employed
to hold the tapes to the second impression cylinder is mounted on a

page_text: swing frame to give access to the cylinder for the purpose of changing
the blankets, &c.
:
This part of the Invention also relates to the "mangle motion. "
employed for reciprocating the type bed of printing machines, and which
as ordinarily constructed possesses great irregularity.
The improvement consists in reducing the angle at which the driven
or oscillating shaft receives its motion, thereby enabling the motion of
the cylinder and type bed to more nearly coincide. The main driving
shaft running in bearings on the side frame is made hollow, and the
universal joint at the end of the mangle wheel shaft is connected to
the interior of this shaft near its outer end, by which means the length
of the inclined driven portion of the mangle wheel shaft is increased
to double that of the ordinary arrangement, and the angle is reduced to
one half.
These improvements also include a modification of the above arrange-
ment, in which the angle of the driven or oscillating shaft is greatly
lessened, and the universal joint dispensed with. The oscillating shaft.
of the mangle motion is-mounted on bearings in a frame or yoke pivotted
outside the frame of the machine; this frame or yoke encloses a pinion
(keyed on the oscillating shaft), which pinion is somewhat broader
than the driving wheel, and is slightly bevilled from the centre towards
cach side, and the teeth of the driving wheel are tapered to correspond,
so that the wheels will always gear correctly throughout the oscillations
of the shaft.
The next part of the Invention relates to a type revolving perfecting
machine, in which there are two sets of impression cylinders, feed
boards, sheet flyers, and other accessories. Two type form cylinders are
mounted in the frame of the machine immediately over each other, the
uppermost carrying the first form and the lower cylinder the second
form. Two impression cylinders are mounted on cach side of the
machine in close proximity to each other, and to their respective type
form cylinders. The sheet to be printed is delivered to the upper
impression cylinder and is carried round and receives an impression from
the upper form cylinder. It is then transferred to the lower impression
cylinder (the fingers of the one releasing and the fingers of the other
grasping the sheet), and is carried round and receives an impression on
its opposite side from the lower form cylinder, and is delivered by means
of tapes from the machine. To increase the production of the machine

page_text: the type and form cylinders may bear any desired relative proportion
to each other, the speed at which they are driven and the number of
the feed boards being made to correspond. That portion of the peri-
pheries of the form cylinders not occupied by the "forms" is used as
an ink distributing surface.
In the accompanying Drawings Fig. 1, Sheet I. is a side clevation of
one of the improved presses; Fig. 2 is a plan view of the same; Fig. 3,
Sheet II. is an end elevation; and Figures 4, 5, 6, and 7, are details
drawn upon an enlarged scale.
1, 1, is the bed plate of the machine, and 2, 2, are the side frames.
The ribs 3 form the track upon which the type bed 4 runs, and arc
bolted to the side frames and supported by columns 5, 5, from the bed
plate, 6 is the impression cylinder,_and_7_the_driving-shaft-on-which-is-
the pinion 8 which gears into and drives the wheel 9; this wheel has a
crank pin 10, to which is jointed one end of the connecting rod 11, the
other end of which is forked and embraces and is jointed to the axle
of the toothed wheel 12. As the crank wheel 9 revolves it rolls the
wheel 12 backward and forward. The wheel 12 gears into a rack 13
bolted to the bed plate 1, and a similar rack 14 is fixed to the under
side of the type bed and also gears into the wheel 12. In this manner
the type bed receives a motion just double in speed to that of the
wheel 12. The impression cylinder 6 is just equal in circumference
to the travel of the type bed in one direction. It is driven by a rack 15
bolted to one side of the bed, and gearing into a toothed wheel 16 at
one end of the impression cylinder 6, in order to prevent a retrograde
motion of the cylinder, when the motion of the bed is reversed the
teeth of cylinder wheel are cut away at the point that would be in
gear with the rack when the bed arrives at the end of its travel, so
that the bed returns leaving the cylinder stationary. But to insure
the complete revolution of the cylinder, also to hold it while the bed
returns, and to start it forward so as to gear correctly with the rack a
catch tooth 17, see Fig. 8, Sheet III. is bolted to the side of cylinder
wheel, and a catch lever 18 to operate this tooth is jointed to the side frame
of the machine. This is a modification of the arrangement shewn in
Sheets I. and II. One end of a connecting rod 19, Fig. S, is jointed to
the catch lever, and near the other end of this rod is a hook-shaped
notch fitting over a pin 20 in the upright arm of a three-armed cam
lever 21, which is fixed on a shaft 22 turning in bearings in the shaft

page_text: supports of the crank wheel. The two other arms of this lever have friction
rollers 23, 24, running in contact with the cams 25, 26, on the crank
wheel shaft 27. These cams are so shaped and so placed on the shaft that
just as the bed and cylinder are together completing their forward move-
ment the catch lever is drawn into gear with the catch tooth on the
cylinder wheel and brings the cylinder to the proper stopping point. The
cams through the catch lever also hold the cylinder stationary while the
bed returns and then they start it forward so that the cylinder wheel gears
correctly into the side rack. While the cylinder and bed are again
moving forward the catch lever returns to be ready again for the catch
tooth. The fingers that clasp the sheet to be printed are so placed that
when the impression cylinder is stationary, they are directly over its
centre, as they can thus most conveniently receive the sheet from the
feed table. The cylinder therefore has to make one half a revolution
before the sheet meets the form, and as the bed and cylinder start
together they will have travelled the same distance and will have an
equal distance yet to travel before the bed completes its stroke and the
cylinder its revolution; this determines the largest form that can be
printed on the machine, as when the cylinder stops the lower end of
the sheet must be lifted entirely clear of the form. The space in front
of the cylinder traversed by the bed is occupied by the form rollers 56,
Fig. 1, Sheet I.
When it is required to subject the form to a further
inking process the bed is caused to run backward and forward twice
to one movement of the cylinder by the following mechanism:-A broad-
faced pinion 28, Figures 8 and 9, Sheet III. fixed on the crank wheel
shaft 27 gears into a wheel 29 of twice its size, running loose on the
shaft 22 of the three-armed lever 21; this wheel has a lifting cam 30 on
its side and a friction roller fixed to the lifting rod 31 runs on it. The
lower end of the lifting rod 31, Fig. 8, Sheet III., is forked and
spans the shaft 22, and the upper end is jointed to the connecting rod 19,
and the form of the cam 30 is such that as it revolves it causes the con-
necting rod alternately to rise off and drop on the pin in the upright armı
of the cam lever. During the return of the type bed after printing a
sheet, and while the cylinder is held stationary by the connecting rod
and catch lever, the connecting rod 19 is lifted off the pin in the cam
lever, so that as the bed commences its forward movement the cams 25
and 26 on the shaft 27 draw forward the cam lever 21, but of course
without giving any motion to the connecting rod and catch lever. To

page_text: prevent the cylinders from being accidentally moved while the connecting
rod is disconnected from the cam lever, the end of the connecting rod is
furnished with a stud 32, and as the cam wheel lifts the rod off the pin in
the cam lever this stud is raised into a slot in the piece 33, (Figures 10,
11, 12, 13, Sheet III.,) bolted to the side frame of the machine. The
cylinder is thus held stationary until the bed is again returning, when the
cam wheel drops the hook of the connecting rod on to the pin in the cam
lever, and the bed and cylinder commence their forward movement as
before. In order to ensure the dropping of the connecting rod on to
the cam lever pin a spring 34, Figures 14 and 15, Sheet IV., is attached
to draw it down. If required to run the type bed backward and forward
three or more times to each sheet printed, a wheel and pinion of the
proper proportion are substituted for those above described and the shape
of the cam on the wheel is slightly altered-to-suit.-
When a sheet is printed at every forward movement of the bed the cam
wheel is pushed back on its shaft until the cam is out of contact with the
friction roller on the lifting rod, but the wheel always remains in gear
with its broad faced pinion.
If required to run the bed many times without printing, the connecting
rod is lifted up into the slot in the piece and a pin put under it to keep it 2
there as long as desired.
To enable the cylinder to be thrown out of action while the machine is
running, a treadle shaft 35, Figures 14 and 15, Sheet IV., runs across the
machine having a treadle 36 convenient to the feeder's foot, and also a
handle at the other side of the machine for the attendant. A lever or 2
arm 37 is fixed on this shaft 35, and has at its extremity a jointed rod 38
running upwards through a guide, and ending just clear of the connecting
rod 19 which operates the catch lever 18, so that when the treadle is
pressed down this jointed rod lifts the connecting rod up off the pin in
the cam lever, and the cylinder remains stationary. In order to prevent 3
the connecting rods from being lifted at the wrong time, another arm 39
is fixed on the treadle shaft and has at its extremity a jointed rod 40
running up and forked over the shaft of the crank wheel. A disc 41
is keyed on this shaft, and has a projecting ledge on the side next the
jointed rod running a little more than half-way around its circumference, 3
and at each end is brought to a sharp point. A short projecting lip, also

page_text: pointed at the ends, is fixed to the side of the forked rod 40, and the
motion the treadle 37 gives to this rod is such that the lip can work
sometimes below and sometimes above the ledge on the disc. The disc
41 is fixed on the shaft in such a position that while the cylinder is in
motion the ledge is passing over the lip and thus prevents the connecting
rod from being lifted out of action while the bed and cylinder are printing.
As soon as the cylinder has stopped, and the bed has commenced to return,
the ledge will have passed from over the lip, which can then be raised
and allow the connecting rod to be lifted up into the slot in the piece
and held there by the foot until the bed has commenced its forward
movement; at this point the ledge will have passed under the lip and
will thus hold up it and the connecting rod until the bed has commenced
to return, when the ledge will have passed from under the lip; the foot
having been in the meantime removed from the treadle the connecting
rod again drops on to the pin in the cam lever ready for action as before.
By this arrangement the connecting rod and of course the cylinder can
only be thrown out of action while the cylinder is stopped and the bed is
returning, and when thrown out they can be brought into action only
while the bed is returning.
I will now describe an arrangement shewn in Sheet II., at Fig. 4, by
which in the construction of a machine the number of form inking rollers
may be decreased or increased and the travel of the type bed made to
correspond.
For very common kinds of printing the necessary number of inking
rollers may require a less space than one-half the circumference of the
cylinder. In this case additional speed of the machine is obtained by
shortening the travel of the bed in front of the cylinder until the form
just passes beyond the rollers, and then returns, while the cylinder from
its having a greater distance to travel is caused by the action of the cams
42, 43, and the connecting rod 44, sector lever 45, and segment 46 to move
forward a certain distance in advance of the bed, and then fall into
and run with it.
gear
For the better kinds of printing the necessary number of inking rollers
will sometimes require a space greater than one-half the circumference of
the cylinder. The travel of the bed in that case is lengthened in front
of the cylinder only, until the form just passes beyond the requisite
number of inking rollers. As the bed will have a greater distance to
travel it might be made to commence its return in advance of the starting

page_text: of the cylinder, but as the bed would be moving with a constantly
increasing speed it would be difficult to make the cylinder (by means of
the cams, sector lever, and segment) attain an equal speed so as to gear
into the rack of the type bed without a shock. The size of the cylinder
is therefore increased until its half circumference is equal to the space
occupied by the inking rollers, so that the bed and cylinder will start
slowly together and the fingers will be in proper positions over the centre
of the cylinder to receive the sheets from the feed table. When the
cylinder and bed have met each other the former will have made just
half a revolution, and will have the balance of its revolution yet to make,
but the travel of the bed having been increased only in front of the
cylinder it follows that when it has met the cylinder it will have travelled
over more than half its distance; the remainder of its travel therefore
will not be sufficient to make the cylinder_complete-its-revolution, and
the sector lever 45 therefore is operated by the cams 42, 43, through the
connecting rod 444 at this time, so that its segment 45 will gear into the
cylinder wheel segment 46, and the cylinder will be carried around to
finish its revolution and bring the fingers again to the proper point.
Additional inking rollers are placed in front of the form rollers when
required, but as they would ink but a portion of the form other rollers are
placed behind the cylinder so as to ink the remaining portion. In this
way the form can receive additional inking without increasing the travel
of the bed or diminishing the speed of the machine.
When it may be necessary to subject the form to a further inking
process the bed is caused to run back and forth twice to one movement
of the cylinder by means of the mechanism shewn at Figures 4 and 5,
Sheet II. A pinion 47 fixed on the crank wheel shaft gears into a
toothed wheel 48 of twice its size, keyed on the shaft 49, which runs in
bearings bolted to the bed plate, and carries a grooved cam 50, fitted to
a slide on a feather on the shaft 49 and held by a set screw. The lower
end of the bell-crank lever 51 (which. is pivotted to a support 52, secured
to one of the ribs) carries at its lower end a roller 53, which runs in the
groove of the cam 50, and the upper end of the lever has two projecting
rollers 54 and 55, and between these the end of the connecting rod 44
slides. As the cam 50 slowly revolves the form of its groove causes the
lever 51 alternately to raise the connecting rod 44 off of and drop it on
the stud 45* on the sector lever 45, as seen at Fig. 4°. During the
return of the type bed (after a sheet has been printed and while the

page_text: cylinder is held stationary by the connecting rod and sector lever as
before described) the connecting rod 44 is lifted off the stud by the cam
50, so that as the bed commences its forward movement the connecting
rod 44 is drawn forward by the cams 42 and 43 without moving the
sector lever 45, and therefore the cylinder remains stationary. The bed
completes its forward movement, and during the time it is returning
again the cam 50 drops the connecting rod 44 over the stud 45* of the
lever 45 and the bed and cylinder commence their forward movement
as before. To prevent the cylinder from being accidentally turned while
the connecting rod 44 is disconnected from the sector lever 45 the end
of the lever 51 is formed in the shape of a hook, so that as it lifts the
connecting rod 44 off the stud 45* in the sector lever the hook rises
against the stud and grasps it from below. When the connecting rod 44
is again brought down over the stud the hook recedes from it, and the
sector lever 45 is left to be acted upon by the connecting rod 44. If it
be required to cause the bed to run three or more times to each sheet
printed, the wheel 48 and pinion 47 must be replaced by others of the
proper proportion to each other, and the form of the groove in the cam
50 must be slightly varied so as to onerate the lever 51 at the proner

page_text: rollers 63, and gears into a rack 64 on the side of the type bed 4, and
they are thus driven by it. If these rollers are made of such materials
that they do not decrease in size, only one wheel will be required to each
roller, but if they do decrease in size then two or three change wheels
having, say, one tooth difference in each to agree with the size of the
roller may be necessary. By these means the inking rollers will be
caused to revolve with a positive motion, and riding rollers can be placed
on them to increase the distribution of the ink without retarding their
motion as would be the case if driven by friction alone.
grooves in the
that the rollers
The toothed wheels 62 are fitted on feathers fixed in the shafts of the
inking rollers 63 as shown at Fig. 7, Sheet II., but the
wheels are made wider than the feathers in the shafts so
can turn backwards and forwards, some more and some less as may be
required. By this arrangement when the type bed has arrived at the
end of its stroke in either direction, and commences to return, the rollers
63 will remain stationary until the motion of the toothed wheels 62 have
reached the limit of the side play in the grooves, and consequently will
change the position of their surfaces on the form of types.
When the form inking rollers are driven by gearing as above described
no difficulty is experienced in using riding rollers as shewn in Figures 1
and 2, Sheet I. These riding rollers 65 run in moveable bearings and
simply lie on and turn by their friction of contact with the form rollers.
They each have an endway motion in a direction opposite to that of its
neighbour by means of the rocking levers 66, 67, fixed on the shafts 68,
69, the lower ends of which are actuated by the double grooved cam 70
on the shaft 71, Fig. 3, Sheet II. This shaft 71 runs lengthways of
A worm
the machine and turns in bearings in one of the side frames.
wheel 72 is keyed on it at one end, and is driven by a worm 73 on the
driving shaft 7 of the machine. The proportions of the worm and wheel
are such that the shaft 71 makes one revolution to each complete run of
the type bed. The shaft 68 has arms fixed to it and extending up to
every second riding roller 65, while similar arms fixed to the shaft 69
extend up to the intermediate rollers, and all these arms take into
grooved collars 74 on the outer ends of the rollers. The cam 70 has an
excentric groove on each side, each groove being so placed in reference
to the other as to cause the two rocking levers 66, 67, and the arms
fixed to their respective shafts to move in opposite directions. The cam
70 is so placed on its shaft that the vibrations of the riding rollers 65

page_text: shall always coincide with the forward and backward movement of the
type bed.
A modification of the arrangement just described is shewn in Sheet V.,
at Figures 16, 17, 18. In the arrangement shewn in these Figures the
form inking rollers 76 run in adjustable bearings 75, with a vibrating
roller 77, partly above and partly between each pair of them. These
vibrating rollers are driven by a rack 78 fixed to one side of the type
bed through an intermediate pinion 79 running loose on the stud, and
gearing into the rack 78 below, and into a pinion 80 on the vibrator
shafts above. The vibrators are made to move endways by means of an
upright shaft 81, having an arm 82 and friction rollers on its lower end.
These friction wheels run in and receive motion from the grooved cam
83 on the shaft 84. The upper end of the upright shaft 81 has a two-
armed lever 85, each end of which takes into a grooved collar 86 on the
outer end of a vibrator shaft and causes it to move in opposite directions
from its neighbour. If more inking rollers are used more upright shafts
81 are put in, and these may be operated from the first upright shaft by
means of arms and a connecting rod as shewn. The inking rollers as
they decrease in size are adjusted by means of the moveable bearings to
touch the vibrating roller, the form, and the table. The ink from the
fountain is supplied to the table in the usual manner and may be then
distributed by the well known oblique rollers. A modification of this
arrangement is shewn at Figures 1, 2, and 3, Sheets I. and II., in which
all the rollers are placed parallel to the table and to each other. They
turn in adjustable bearings 87, sliding in suitable recesses in the roller
brackets 88, and are adjusted to the proper height by the set screws 89.
They turn simply by contact with the ink table and are caused to vibrate
endways (each in an opposite direction to its neighbour) by means of
the rocking levers 90 in a manner similar to that already described for
vibrating the riding rollers on the form inking rollers. Riding rollers
are also placed on these table rollers and turn by friction of contact with
them; they run in moveable bearings, but have no lateral motion, so
that the table rollers vibrate against both the table and the riding rollers.
When the machine is double rolling, or the bed runs twice to each sheet
printed, the fountain roller fingers, drop levers, and sheet flyer should
operate once to each impression. To accomplish this a shaft 92, Fig. 19,
Sheet VI., is placed below and parallel with the shaft 71, and has fixed
to it an arm 93, furnished with a stud that runs in a cam groove in the
side of the wheel 94 (see also Fig. 24, Sheet VII.): This wheel runs

page_text: loose on its stud in the bracket 95, and is driven by a pinion of half its
size fixed on the shaft 71, so that the wheel makes but one revolution
to two of the shaft 71, and the shape of the groove in the wheel is such
that at each revolution it causes the shaft to turn slightly back and forth.
Short arms 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, are fixed by set screws to this shaft 92
below each of the forked rods for operating the fountain roller fingers,
drop arms, and register points, and also one for the sheet flyer. As the
bed returns after having printed a sheet the lifting cams on the shaft 71
raise these forked rods, and just at this time the cam groove in the
wheel 94 causes the shaft 92 to turn slightly, and brings the short arms
(96 to 100) under the ends of their respective forked rods and holds
them there during one complete run of the bed. As the shaft 71 has
during this time made one revolution the lifting cams on it are again
under and will sustain their respective forked rods. The cam groove in
the wheel now turns the shaft and its short arms to their original position
and leaves the fountain roller, finger drop arms, and register points
free to act through their cams at the proper time. The short arm 100
for holding the sheet flyer operates on it in a similar manner through
the upright lever 101, the upper part of which is formed into a spring
having a hook at the end that catches over an arm 102, projecting from
the shaft 103 of the sheet flyer, as shewn in Figures 19 and 25, Sheets
VI. and VII. If the sheet flyer should be lifted up while the hook is
held forward it will merely force the hook back and slip past it, but
the hook can be held up rigidly (when required) by the set screw behind
it. When a sheet is taken at every run of the bed the arm 93 is slipped
back out of action with the groove in the wheel 94, and when the bed
is running three or more times to each sheet printed the wheel and
pinion must be of the proper proportion to each other, and the cam
groove in the side of the wheel must be made of a shape to suit.
In order to obtain good register when feeding the sheets to guides,
the guides for both front and end of the sheet may be made to slide by
turning a thumb screw, shewn at Figures 20 and 21, Sheet VII., so that
the utmost nicety of adjuetment can be obtained. After a sheet has
been properly placed on the feed board either up to guides or on register
points it is sometimes disturbed by the lifting of the guides, the with-
drawing of the points, the passing of the cylinder, the closing of the
fingers, or other causes. To obviate this two drop arms 200, Fig. 19,
Sheet VI., are mounted on the shaft 104, and operated by a forked rod
105 and cam 106 on the shaft 71, and the cam is so placed on the shaft

page_text: as to cause the arms to drop on the sheet just before the guides or points
are removed. These drop arms 200, remain on the sheet until the
fingers are closed and commence to draw the sheet, they then rise and
allow it to pass freely off. The drop arms 200 are not fixed rigidly on
the shaft 104, but have a little up and down play independently of cach
other, so that they can accommodate themselves to the inequalities of
the feed board, and thus be sure to hold the sheet securely. A receiving
cylinder 107 is placed just behind the impression cylinder 6, Sheet I.
and is driven by it. Tapes pass around the cylinder and down and
around the pulleys on the shaft 201, so that the sheet after it is printed
and taken by the fingers of this cylinder is conveyed by the tapes down
on to the sheet flyer without touching it, thus avoiding all smutting of
the sheet..
The following improvements relate to printing machines which print
both sides of the sheets before they issue from the machine, and in which
a set-off sheet is fed in to receive the set-off from the side first printed..
The improvement consists in so arranging a series of endless tapes
for the printed sheet, and another series for the set-off sheet, that each
of them after passing through the machine is conducted to a separate
sheet flyer, and deposited on a separate fly board.
At Fig. 26, Sheet VIII., and Fig. 27, Sheet IX., 108 is the feed board
from which the sheet to be printed is fed to the first impression
cylinder 109, the fingers of which scize the sheet and convey it down
to meet the first form from which it receives an impression, and thence
up and around to the second impression cylinder 110. The fingers of
this latter cylinder seize it at the same time that those of the first
cylinder release it, and it is thus carried down and printed on the second.
side from the second form, from thence the sheet is carried up and.
delivered between a series of top and bottom endless tapes 111 and 112.
Fig. 26, as shown best by the diagram of tapes, Sheet IX., that carry it.
up over the roller 113 along to the roller 114 and discharge it down to:
the sheet flyer 115 which deposits it on the fly board 116. The lower
tapes 112 then return back over the guide pulleys 117 and down around
the roller 118 to the place of beginning. The upper tapes 111 after
discharging the sheet turn up over the rollers 119 and 120, thence along
over the roller 121 and down to the guide pulleys 122, and around the
second impression cylinder 110 to the place of beginning. The set-off
sheet is fed from the feed board 123 to a feeding cylinder 124, where it

page_text: is seized by the drop roller 125 and carried between a series of endless
tapes 126 and 127 down to the second impression cylinder 110 where it
meets the printed sheet and both pass around it together. The tapes
126 and 127 carry the set-off sheet up over the roller 113, along under
the roller 128, over the roller 120, and discharge the sheet on the sheet
flyer 129 which deposits it on the fly board 130. The tapes 126 continue
down around the roller 131, over the roller 132, under the guide
pulleys 133, to the place of beginning at the feeding cylinder 124. The
tapes 127 after discharging the sheet pass under the roller 134, along
over the roller 121, and down through the tape guides 135 to the place
of beginning at the feeding cylinder 124.
In order to more readily get at the second impression cylinder for
overlaying changing blankets and other operations the roller 118 runs
in a swinging frame 136 pivotted to the bearings of the roller 113, so
that the frame 136 and the roller 118 can be swung up out of the way,
as shewn by the blue lines without straining the tapes. In order to drive
the roller 118 a short shaft 137 runs in a long bearing in the upright
frame, and has a pinion 138 fixed on its outer end that gears into and
is driven by the wheel on the shaft of the second impression cylinder 110.
The inner end of the shaft 137 has a clutch that catches into a corre-
sponding clutch on the end of the shaft in the roller 118. When it is
desired to raise up the swinging frame 136 the T bolts are loosened and
the short shaft is drawn slightly endways out of clutch leaving the
swinging frame 136 free.
The improvements just described relate to machines in which the bed
is driven to and fro by the well known mangle wheel and rack motion
through a universal joint, while the cylinders are driven by gearing
direct. Now it is well known that when a universal joint is coupled
to a shaft to drive another shaft at an angle with the first it will cause
the driven shaft to revolve with an irregular motion. In this case the
irregular motion will of course be imparted to the type bed, but as the
cylinders are driven by gearing direct they revolve with a uniform
velocity, so it is evident that the motions of the bed and cylinder do not
coincide. Fig. 28 (Sheet IX.,) shows the universal joint and shafts
arranged in the ordinary manner and at the usual angle for driving this
machine. But it is found that if the driven shaft can be arranged to
work at one-half this angle the irregular motion will be reduced to

page_text: less than one-fourth, which in fact is so small in amount as to be
quite imperceptible in practice.
Fig. 29 shows a manner of arranging this shaft so that its angle is
reduced one-half. 139 is a hollow driving shaft running in bearings
on the side frame and having the driving pulley 140 and the wheel 141
for driving the cylinder keyed on it. The universal joint 142 is connected
to the interior of this shaft near its outer end, by which means its length
is increased to double that of the former arrangement, and the angle is
reduced to one-half. Figures 30 to 33 (Sheet X.) are diagrams showing
the irregularity of this motion by the two arrangements.
Figures 34, 35, and 36, Sheet XI., represent an arrangement for
driving the type bed by the mangle wheel and rack motion, in which
the universal joint is dispensed with. 144 is the type bed of an ordinary
single large cylinder printing machine; 140 is the rack support; 147 is
the rack; 148 is the impression cylinder; and 149 is a toothed wheel on
the cylinder shaft, and is actuated by the driving wheel 150 with the
driving pulleys 151 alongside. These are on a short shaft 152, one end
of which runs in a bearing in the frame of the machine, and the other
end in the outside support 153.. The wheel 150 gears into and drives
the cylinder wheel 149, and also gears into and drives the pinion 154
below. This pinion is fixed on the oscillating shaft 155, and is enclosed
by a yoke 156, through which the shaft 155 passes, and in which it turns.
This yoke has journals at each end in the same vertical plane with the
pinion, and these journals move in bearings projecting from the frame of
the machine. The rack wheel is fixed on the inner end of the shaft 155,
and as it runs alternately on the upper and under side of the rack it
gives to the shaft, yoke, and pinion a slight oscillating motion. The
pinion is somewhat broader than the driving wheel 150, and is made
slightly bevelled from the centre toward each side. The teeth must be
slightly tapered to correspond with the bevel of the pinion, but they are
so formed that the sides that come in contact with the teeth of the driving
wheel 150 are parallel with those teeth.
Figures 37 to 41, inclusive, in Sheet XII., represent an improved
manner of operating the fingers of certain kinds of printing machinery.
160 is the impression cylinder of a printing machine; 161 is the feed
board upon which the sheets to be printed are placed; and 162 are the
fingers for seizing the sheet, and are fixed on the finger rod 163. This
rod 163 has at one end a T shaped head 164, (see Figures 39, 40, and 41,)

page_text: through the end of which a groove is cut diametrically across the rod.
The fingers 162 are fixed on this rod in such a position that as they turn
back and forth in closing and opening, the ends of the groove will vibrate
equally each side of a line drawn from the centre of the cylinder through
the axis of the finger rod. When the fingers 162 are open the upper
end of the groove is obliquely in advance of the finger rod, and a stud
167, Fig. 37, is fixed in the support 168 in such a position outside the
path of the finger rod, that as the cylinder revolves it will enter into the
outer end of the groove, and cause it and the rod to turn. As the
cylinder moves on the rod will pass below the stud, and the groove will
continue to embrace it until the fingers 162 are closed on the sheet, at
which point (the groove having reached an angle equal to that at which
it encountered the stud but in the opposite direction) it will of course
release the stud and pass on around to print the sheet. A rod 165,
Fig. 37 having a spiral spring 166 on it is jointed to the inner end of
the grooved head_of_the_finger_rod, and is placed in-such-a-direction-that-
when the fingers 162 and groove are midway in their course of closing
or opening, the spring rod 165 will point directly to the centre of the
finger rod, and of course when the fingers are either closed or open the
spring will press them in that position. The jointed end of the spring
rod 165 strikes against projecting stop pieces on the finger rod support 169,
thereby preventing it from going too far in either direction. The
stud 170 is so placed in the support 168 inside the path of the finger rod
that as the cylinder continues to revolve it will enter into the inner end
of the groove which is now in advance, and will turn it and the finger
rod to their original positions, and thus open the fingers, and release the
sheet.

page_text: cylinder 215, to which it is transferred by the fingers of the cylinder
releasing it, while those of the cylinder 215 grasp it. It is then carried
around by the cylinder 215 receives an impression on its opposite side
from the form on the form cylinder 213, and is delivered out of the
machine over the tape pulleys 219 by means of the directing finger 219*
and the guiding tape 219* down on to the sheet flyer 220. In the same
manner a sheet placed on the feed board 221 is taken by the fingers of
the impression cylinder 216, receives an impression from the form on
the form cylinder 212, passes on around and is transferred to the im-
pression cylinder 217, which carries it on and presents its opposite side
to the form on the form cylinder 213, and then delivers it over the tape
pulleys 222, on to the sheet flyer 223. That portion of the peripheries
of the form cylinders not occupied by the "forms" is used as an ink
distributing surface in the same manner as in the well known American
type revolving printing machines. 224 is the ink fountain, the ink from
which is taken by the lifting roller 225 and put on the surface of the
form cylinder 213, from whence a portion of it is transferred by the
rollers 226 and 227 to the surface of the form cylinder 212. The form
inking rollers 228 and 229 ink the form on the form cylinder 213 before
each impression, and the rollers 230 and 231 perform the same duty to
the form on form cylinder 212. In the machine here represented the
type cylinders are sufficiently large in diameter to work the ordinary
parallel type, and the impression cylinders are one-half the diameter of
the form cylinders; but of course they may be the full size or one-third
or one-fourth the diameter or any other proportion to the form cylinders
that circumstances may require. When they are made one-fourth the
diameter, or in other words when they make four revolutions to one of
the form cylinder, two feed boards may be applied to each set of im-
pression cylinders from which the sheets will be taken alternately. An
additional form is then put on each of the form cylinders opposite the
present form from which the alternate sheets receive their impressions.
If the impression cylinders make six-revolutions to one of the type
cylinders, then three sets of feed boards may be applied to each set of
impression cylinders, and a third form is put on the form cylinder. In
this manner the production of the machine can be increased as far as is
practicable.
Having now described the Invention which has been communicated
to me by my foreign correspondent as aforesaid, and having explained

page_text: the manner of carrying the same into effect, I claim as the Invention.
secured to me by Letters Patent,—
First. The arrangement of mechanism for stopping, holding, and
starting the impression cylinder of ordinary stop cylinder printing
machines, as shewn and described with reference to Sheets I., II., and III.
Secondly. The tripping arrangement by which the impression cylinder
can be thrown out of action while the machine is in motion, and also
the mechanism for preventing the cylinder from being thrown in or out
of action except at the proper time, as shewn and described with reference
to Sheet IV.
Thirdly. I claim covering with leather, rubber, or any similar material
the upper surface of the rails or bearers at the sides of the bed, and also
the peripheries of the friction rollers on the shafts of the form inking
rollers that run on them, as shewn and described with reference to
-Sheet-II.
Fourthly. Driving the form inking rollers by a positive motion by
means of a toothed wheel on their shafts gearing into a rack on the
side of the bed, as shewn and described with reference to Sheets I.
and II.
Fifthly. I claim arranging the spur wheels on the form roller shafts,
so as to permit the rollers to slightly change their position while running
back and forth, as shewn at Fig. 7, Sheet II.; also running the bearings
of the rollers in journal boxes, and adjusting their pressure on the form
or stone by means of set screws, as shewn and described with reference
to Sheets I. and II.
Sixthly. I claim adapting riding rollers to the form inking rollers and
also the mechanism shewn and described for vibrating them endways
cach in a direction opposite to that of its neighbor, as shewn and
described with reference to Sheets I. and II.
Seventhly. I claim driving vibrating distributing rollers by toothed
gearing from a rack on the bed through an intermediate wheel, and
placing such distributing rollers partly above and between each pair of
form rollers, so that the form rollers can be adjusted to run in contact
with the distributing rollers, and with the form at the same time. I also
claim the mechanism for vibrating endways the above described dis-
tributing rollers, as shewn and described with reference to Sheet V.

page_text: Eighthly. I claim placing the small rollers that distribute the ink on
the table parallel to each other, and causing them to vibrate endways
each in a direction opposite to its neighbor as described with reference
to Sheet I.
Ninthly. The mechanism by which when the form bed is running two.
or more times to an impression, the fountain roller, finger drop arms,
register points, and sheet flyer are allowed to operate but once to every
sheet printed, as described and shewn with reference to Sheet VI.
Tenthly. I claim the adjustable feed guides for obtaining register
without the use of register points, as shewn and described with reference
to Sheet VII.
Eleventhly. The mechanism for holding the sheet to be printed after
it is properly placed on the feed board, until it is taken by the fingers,
as described with reference to Sheet VI.
Twelfthly. The arrangement of tapes by which the printed sheet and
the set-off sheet are each conducted to separate self-acting sheet flyers
and deposited on separate fly boards, as described with reference to the
flat form perfecting machine shewn at Figures 8 and 9.
Thirteenthly. I claim the improved mangle wheel and rack motions
as applied to giving motion to the form beds of flat form printing
machines, as described with reference to Sheets IX., X., and XI.
Fourteenthly. The mechanism for operating the fingers or grippers
for seizing the sheets of paper to be printed as described with reference
to Sheet XII.
And lastly. I claim the improved arrangement of type revolving
printing machine, having a set of impression cylinders on each side of
the form cylinders so that two series of sheets may be printed at the
same time as described with reference to Sheet XIII.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Edward Newton, have
hereunto set my hand and seal, the Twenty-fourth day of
February in the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and
seventy-one.