Single Cylinder. Perfecting and Folding Printing Machine.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 29th Sept., 1888
Complete Specification Left. 1st July, 1889-Accepted, :28th Sept., '1888
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
A Single Cylinder. Perfecting and Folding Printing Machine.
I, WILLIAM HAYWARD of No. 2, Winchester Road, Highgate, in the County of
Middlesex, Journalist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
For improvements in perfecting and folding printing machines.
This invention relates to the construction and arrangement of a printing machine so
as to print either from sheets or from a web and from a flat type or stereotype surface
perfect sheets-that is sheets printed on both sides, and to fold, or deliver the sheets in
flat, in one operation, and by the use of only one impression cylinder and one type
forme and printing surface, the perfecting or turning of the sheet being done by a
direct operation by means of a cylinder or drum, or by tapes.
The sheet to be printed is either fed into the machine by hand in the usual way or
from the web, the sheet being cut and fed into the machine automatically. After
passing under the impression cylinder and being printed on one side, it is released
from the grippers and runs over a reversing cylinder or drum, or into reversing tapes,
and is then fed into the machine as the cylinder returns, with the unprinted side of
the paper to the type forme, and then printed on the second side on the same part of
the cylinder and from the same type forme as the first impression was taken. The
sheet is next carried by, tapes to the folders, being cut in two, however, before the
folding operation commences, and thus forming two distinct copies of the same
newspaper, or other publication, and then the two sheets are passed through the
folders, by a series of rollers and tapes, and folded as often as may be required and
then delivered on a board or into a box. When the sheets are not required to be folded
they are delivered by fliers upon a flyboard in the usual way.
Where extra inking is required, the inking can be done from cylinderical inking
tables placed above the type bed, instead of from flat tables attached to the type bed.
The printing table can be actuated either by the ordinary rack and spur wheel
gearing, or by a pinion on a crank working in a long slotted arm, attached to
the underside of the printing bed and the reversing motion thus be obtained,. when
suitable.
Dotad this Twenty ninth day of September 1888.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
A' Single Cylinder Perfecting and Folding Printing Machine.
I, WILLIAM HAYWARD, of No. 2, Winchester Road, Highgate, in the County of
Middlesex, Journalist, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
The invention relates to the construction and arrangement of a printing machine so
as to print. either from sheets or from a web and from, a flat type or stereotype surface,
perfect sheets-that is sheets printed on both sides, and to fold, or deliver the sheets in
flat, in one operation, and, by the use of only one impression cylinder and on one type
forme and printing surface, the perfecting or turning of the sheet being done by a
direct operation by means of a reversing cylinder or drum, or by tapes.
The sheet to be printed is either fed into the machine by hand in the usual. way, or
from the web, the sheet being cut and fed into the machine automatically. After
passing under the impression cylinder and being printed on one side, it is released
from the grippers, and runs. over a reversing cylinder or drum, or into reversing tapes,

page_text: and is then fed into the machine as the cylinder returns with the unprinted side of the
paper to the type forme, and then printed on the second side, on the same part of the
cylinder and from the same type forme as the first impression was taken. The sheet
is next carried by tapes to the folders, being cut in two, however, before the folding
operation commences, and thus forming two distinct copies of the same newspaper or
other publication; and then the two sheets are passed through the folders by a series
of rollers and knives, and folded as often as may be required and then delivered on a
board or into a box.
When the sheets are not required to be folded, they are delivered by fliers upon a
fly board in the usual way.
Where extra inking is required, the inking can be done from cylindrical
inking tables above the type bed, instead of from flat tables attached to the
type bed.
The printing table can be actuated either by the ordinary rack and spur wheel
gearing, or by a pinion on a crank working in a long slotted arm attached to
the underside of the printing bed, and the reversing notion thus be obtained, when
suitable.
Having thus stated the nature of my invention, I will now describe the manner in
which the same is to be performed, reference being made to the accompanying drawings
and the letters and figures thereon marked, only such parts of the machinery as are
new, being fully described, the ordinary parts and motions in such machinery being
generally omitted.
Figure 1 is a side elevation of the machine, working however, on the ordinary
principle in the driving part under the printing table, but showing both the web and
the sheet feeding apparatus.
Figure 2 is an end elevation showing the working of the table-moving arm and the
apparatus for keeping the travelling motion of the sheets all in one direction
from the time they pass into the cutting cylinders until they are printed and
folded, while the table from which the carrying cylinders and tapes are primarily
actuated has a reciprocating motion. The folding apparatus is also shown more in
detail.
Figure 3, still further gives in detail the folding apparatus arrangement.
Figure 4, represents the new motion under the table in place of pinion wheels,
racks, and geering.
Figure 5 is a side view of sheet-turning tapes in place of the cylinder.
The action of the several parts of the machine is as follows:-The sheet is fed from
the web, A, between the cutting cylinders, B1 and B 2, in passing between which the
sheet is perforated, but not quite severed, to the size of the sheet to be printed.
After such perforation, rollers and tapes on the top of the cylinder B 2, help to carry
forward the sheet, which is then carried into the tapes leading down to the printing
cylinder, C, passing between the rollers M 1, and over the lifting part of the feeding
board into the grippers N1; and then the sheet is carried forward under the printing
cylinder, C, and receives the impression on the first side of the sheet. It is then
carried up to the turning or reversing cylinder, D, around which it is carried by tapes,
or, if needed, grippers, until it reaches the feeding board, which rises and throws the
sheet against the printing cylinder just as grippers N 2 are ready to take it. The
sheet is then carried under the printing cylinder with the unprinted side next to
the type, which in returning prints the second side of the sheet, and thus two complete
copies of the printing matter, whether newspapers, magazines, or pamphlets, are
produced. The sheet is then carried upwards towards the second set of cutting
cylinders E1 and E2, to be severed, after which operation the severed sheets are
carried forward up the tapes, F, to the folding rollers, one sheet being guided by a
switch near the rollers, G, to roller, G 1, on the one side of the folding apparatus, and
the other to the folding roller, G 2, on the other side of the folding apparatus.
The sheets are then, accordingly as they reach the respective rollers G1, G2, G3,
G4, H1, H2, H3, H4; 11, 12, 13, 14; and K1, K2, K 3, and K4, pushed
by the folding knives between such rollers, and receive the requisite folds. On

page_text: reaching the last folding rollers, K 1, K2, K3 and K 4. the sheets are carried down
perpendicularly, and then pushed out of the side tapes that have brought them down
by.a pusher, Y, beyond projecting ledges, a little within the size of the folded sheets,
and are there kept from falling over by a sliding board, Z, keeping them in an upright
position, and so "knocked up," ready for removal-the sheets being thus fed, printed,
cut, folded, and packed automatically and in one series of operations.
When it is desired to print from sheets, the sheets are fed in from the feeding board, L,
into the grippers, N1, and then the printing and reversing operations, as above
described, are repeated throughout to the "knocking up," of the folded sheet.
After
When it is not desirable to fold the sheets they can be delivered in the "flat."
passing the cutting cylinder, E, they run up the tapes F, to the G. folding rollers and run
along the tapes from which the stops used in folding are removed, and so pass between
the rollers, G2 and G 3, to the fliers, which throw the sheets upon the usual fly tables
at each end of the machine.
propose
In Figure 1, both the old method of inking and the new method which I
to adopt for special work in which regular and good inking is required, are shown.
The old method is seen under the feed board, L. The new method is shown under
the sheet-reversing cylinder, D. The ink is supplied in the usual way from the duct
to the rotary inking cylinder O 1, where it is distributed and supplied to the rollers for
the type beneath it, and to the additional and smaller inking cylinder, O2, and the
rollers connected therewith. The same apparatus can be attached to the other side of
the machine, or the old system carried throughout as may be deemed hest for the work
or the working of the machine.
Where the new method is adopted, the type forme will be put on the machine and
got at for corrections at the end of the machine where there will be no impediment in
the way like the ink duct and the inking slab, as in the ordinary way. A short, but
removeable inking slab could, however, be added oven where the rotary principle was
adopted to increase the efficiency of the inking.
As the paper must travel at a uniform speed with the machinery throughout the
varying operations of feeding, cutting, printing, turning, perfecting, cutting to the
folding, and travel generally in the one direction, while the printing table and cylinder.
are alternately travelling in reverse directions, it is necessary to transform the recipro-
cating motions of the printing cylinders and table, as the actuating agents of the rest of
the mechanical operations and to secure such uniformity of travelling, into rotary or
continuous notion in one direction; and this may be done by any of the ordinary
motions for producing such continuous motion from a reciprocating action; but the new
process that I propose to adopt, is to work from a bevilled wheel on the printing
cylinder, as shown in the drawings Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, or from a like arrangement in
connection with the rack; and from such bevil wheel, R, turning the spindle, S, with
a like bevilled wheel both at the upper and lower ends of such shaft, the upper bevil
wheel working into a larger bevil wheel, T, the bevil of which, however, is divided and
one half placed to work on the right hand side of the bevil wheel on the spindle and
the other half to work on the left hand side, the bevil wheel being of such a size and so
timed that the reversal of the motion on the printing cylinder just takes place when
the bevil wheel on the spindle has reached the end of the half bevil, T 2, in which it
is working, and on the reversal of motion taking place, the teeth at the other side of
the spindle bevil wheel get into the teeth of the other half of the divided bevil wheel T 1,
and so keep the wheel turning in the same direction as it was before the change of
motion took place in the printing cylinder. Round this split bevilled wheel, T, are the
spurs of an ordinary cog wheel, and these actuate the two sets of cutting cylinders
and the sheet-turning cylinder and the folding rollers.
Where the machine is large and the work heavy, or to give evenness to the working
of the machine, the mechanism can be placed to carry out these operations on both
sides of the machine, as indicated in Fig. 2, and the work thus be divided between the
two sets of bevilled wheels.
The whole of the processes are timed and arranged so that there can be no undue
strain on the sheets, and so that they will run in harmony through the machine from

page_text: the beginning to the end of the various operations. The cylinders are all arranged
from their size or from their number of revolutions to cover the amount of time or
space that is required for one complete revolution of the machine and the specific
operation of each of its parts.
In Figure 4, a simple method of producing the reciprocating motion of the printing
table is given; but it is only applicable where there is room for a "pit," beneath the
machine. On the shatt of the driving wheel is placed a crank, as in Fig. 4 or a pair
of wheels, as in Fig. 2, connected by a bolt or pin upon which works a tumbler or
wheel that runs in a long slotted arm, V, the upper end of which is firmly bolted to
the under part of the printing table in the centre; and this carries the table back and
forward as the crank revolves. On large machines of great breadth, between the
treble sets of travelling carriages that carry the printing table, two slotted arms could
be placed, and by having two sets of driving pullies working from the same shaft from
the engine, and by crossing the belt of one set, but not of the other, the crank of one
set would be at the top of the slotted arm as shown by X in the single crank, while
the crank of the other would be at the bottom of the other slotted arm as shown by W.
This would give a more uniform action and greater power for driving. The absence
of cogs by this process would make the working of the machine quieter and the
reversing would be comparatively slow and easy.
In Figure 3, an horizontal view of the folding apparatus is shown. Three folds
only are given in the drawing but a fourth could be added when required, and the
delivery would then be the long way, instead of, as in the drawing, the cross way of
the machine; or the folded sheets could be run out to the fly boards on each side by
dropping down the fliers and keeping them out of gear. The usual gauges would be
on the folding machine or apparatus to regulate the sheets in travelling.
The gauges to which the sheets are fed both from the web and by hand, and from
the reversing cylinder, are as in ordinary Wharfedale machines capable of adjustment
to meet any slight alteration in the "take" from the nature of the sheet or the
requirements of the work, while the turning cylinder can be fitted so as to still further
meet any variation in the taking of the sheet, in the second side printing. This also
could be made, where desired, to take varying sizes on this principle of working, but
the machine is chiefly intended to meet the class of work represented by evening
papers, magazines, and pamphlet work, requiring rapid production of large numbers,
and which are mainly done on one sized sheets represented by four pages of the Times,
the pages for which would be laid together on the machine on one bed and printed on
the same surface of the printing cylinder on both the forward and backward revolutions.
Set-off sheets could be partially used by passing them round rollers near the pullies, P, on
which the tapes, Q, that throw the sheets up into the reversing cylinder and the cutting
cylinders, are worked, the set-off sheets travelling between the grippers.
The folding could be varied to suit the requirements of newspapers so that alter-
nately the sheets might be folded and delivered in the flat. The folders could also,
with a little modification in detail in construction, be placed where the fliers are, and
the fliers take the place of the folders. The folding apparatus is furthermore suitable
for other machines, and both the perfecting cylinder and the folders might be applied
to existing machines where suitable for the intended work, with variations, of course,
in detail to meet the special requirements.
When a clean sha: p cut was required in place of the usual perforation of the sheet
in newspaper work with its rapid action, the cutters would be of a different form to
the cylinders shown in Fig. 1; and the cutting be done by a straight or a rotating
Archmedian knife operating against a sharp edge, the cutting taking place both for
the separation of the sheet from the web and the cutting in two of the printed sheet
just at the moment in each case when the machine was in the act of reversing
and practically for a second at rest, so as to permit of the sharp and instantaneous
cut.
Instead of the reversing cylinder shown in Fig. 1, a set of tapes as in Fig. 5, acting
in the same manner as the cylinder could be used to obtain the turning of the sheet,
in both ways presenting to the grippers the same edge of the paper at the second

page_text: printing as there was at the first and so obtaining a better register than would otherwise
be the case.
By the ordinary apparatus for raising the printing cylinder to prevent the type
from printing when the machine is running, with the alternating motion on, the machine
can be used as a single action machine and print only one side of the sheet, and a
publication, double the size of that for perfecting, be printed on it, if needed.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what 1
claim is :-
Firstly. The general combination of a web-fed or hand-fed single cylinder perfecting
printing and folding or flat delivering machine as above described.
Secondly. The automatic feeding from the web to such machines.
Thirdly. The use of the gripper motion in such feeding and perfecting operations
instead of tapes under the cylinder.
Fourthly. The application of the folding apparatus, single or duplex, directly to flat
surface and reciprocating machines after perfecting.
Fifthly. The application to such machine for the purpose herein described of the
method of transforming the reciprocating motion into the continuous motion in
harmony with the primary movement in the machine by the bevilled wheel appliance
as described and figured herein.
Sixthly. The appliance of the slotted arm for the actuating mechanism in recipro-
cating machines, singly or doubly, as described.
Seventhly. The continuous rotary apparatus for reciprocating machines.
Eighthly. The methods of turning the sheet as shewn in Fig. 1 and Fig. 5.
Dated this Twenty ninth day of June 1889
WILLIAM HAYWARD.