A NEW (OR IMPROVED) APPARATUS FOR TRANSMITTING POWER BY THE AID OF STEAM, AIR, WATER, OR ANY OTHER FLUID UNDER PRESSURE
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Josef Stummer von Traunfels, of Vienna, in the Empire
of Austria, Engineer, for the Invention of "A NEW (OR IMPROVED) APPARATUS
FOR TRANSMITTING POWER BY THE AID OF STEAM, AIR, WATER, OR ANY
OTHER FLUID UNDER PRESSURE."
Sealed the 10th April 1879, and dated the 19th October 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Josef Stummer von Traunfels
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 19th October 1878.
JOSEF STUMMER VON TRAUNFELS, of Vienna, in the Empire of Austria, Engineer.
A NEW (OR IMPROVED) APPARATUS FOR TRANSMITTING POWER BY THE AID OF
STEAM, AIR, WATER, OR ANY OTHER FLUID UNDER PRESSURE."
This Invention relates to the construction of a new apparatus for transmitting
power and for multiplying the force and movements of the human hand in such a
imanner that the working piston rod of the said apparatus not only varies the
length of its stroke, but also its velocity and the power exerted exactly in accordance
with the momentary will of the operator at any moment, and without any change
in the details of the apparatus being necessary. All these three conditions, namely,
varying stroke, varying velocity, and varying power exerted, are to vary simul-
taneously or separately, as often, and at whatever intervals of time it may be
required from their minimum, namely, zero, to their maximum for which the
apparatus has been constructed.
This apparatus consists of a hollow prism or cylinder open at both ends, and
movable over or within three or more pistons which fit steam, gas, or water tight to
the inner or outer surface of the said hollow cylinder or prism, so that the hollow
cylinder or prisni can be moved to and fro over or within the said pistons without
allowing the steam, gas, or water contained in the compartments between the
different pistons. to escape, except through openings in the circumference of the
hollow cylinder or prism as described herein-after.
-Out of the number of these three or more steam, gas, or water tight fitting

page_text: .
'
pistons, and in the case of there being only three pistons, either, first, two of these
pistons are immovable with respect to each other, and fixed to a common solid basis
or bed plate, while the third piston is movable, and transmits the power of the
apparatus; or, secondly, two of these pistons are movable and suitable for trans-
mitting power, while the third is fixed to a solid basis or bed plate.
In the case of there being more than three pistons in the apparatus, the number
of moveable and fixed pistons is varied according to the different purposes for which
the apparatus is to be used. The above-named hollow cylinder or prism which may
be slid to and fro over or within the movable and fixed pistons, contains in its
periphery certain openings through which the steam, gas, or water contained in the
hollow cylinder or prism may escape when the latter is moved into such a position
with respect to one or more of the pistons, that the openings overlap the rim of the
respective piston or pistons. When the apparatus is at rest, these openings are
covered by the rim of one or more of the above-named moveable or fixed pistons.
But when the hollow cylinder or prism is drawn into such a position in relation to
one or more of the pistons, that these openings are protruding over the rim of one
or more of the above-named pistons, the steam, gas, or water contained in the
compartments adjoining the piston or pistons over the rims of which these openings
in the hollow cylinder or prism are protruding, is brought into communication with
the atmosphere, and thus may escape quicker or slower according to the uncovered
surfaces of the openings,
But
One or more of the pistons described above are made hollow so as to allow steam,
gas, or water derived from steam generators, gas compressors, or water under
pressure to enter freely into the compartments between the different pistons of the
hollow cylinder or prism; now, if the openings in the hollow cylinder or prism
as stated above are all covered by the rim of one or more pistons, the pressure
within the hollow cylinder or prism will be equal throughout in consequence
of the steam, gas, or water being freely allowed to enter through the hollow
piston or pistons into every compartment between the different pistons. More-
over, as the surfaces of all pistons will be equal, the hollow in which they
move or over which they slide being cylindrical or prismatical throughout, no
movement whatever will result, and the movable pistons will remain at rest.
the moment the hollow cylinder or prism is moved in one or the other direction so
as to uncover the openings as described above, the steam, gas, or water contained in
these particular compartments which are enclosed between the piston or pistons
over the rims of which the openings are made to overlap, and the consecutive
piston will be allowed to escape through these openings and though the free and
uninterrupted admission of steam, gas, or water through the hollow piston or
pistons (as stated above) into the same compartments, will tend to replace the
escaped fluid; the pressure in the respective compartments will nevertheless be
diminished exactly in accordance with the relation of the quantity of steam, gas, or
water which can enter the compartment through the hollow pistons, and the
quantity which will be allowed to escape through the openings in the hollow
cylinder or prism. In fact, the dimensions of these openings can be made sufficiently
large, so that by moving the hollow cylinder or prism sufficiently far in one or the
other direction, more of the steam; gas, or water contained in the respective com-
partment will escape through these openings than can possibly enter through the
adjoining hollow piston. In this case the pressure in this compartment will
have been brought down to that of the atmosphere. But as the steam, gas, or
water is freely allowed to enter every such compartment between two consecutive
pistons of the apparatus, the pressure will remain unchanged in all those coin-
partments in which the openings in the hollow cylinder or prism do not restore
the communication between the inner space of the compartment and the outer
atmosphere. Consequently, all the moveable pistons (which enclose two consecutive
compartments, in the one of which the pressure has been reduced as described,
whereas in the other the pressure has been maintained) must move in the direction
of the reduced pressure.

page_text: The same process of uncovering the openings of the hollow cylinder or prism can
be repeated on both sides of the apparatus precisely in the same manner as herein
described, and as the arrangement of the openings in the hollow cylinder or prism is
such that the openings can only be uncovered on one side of the pistons at a time,
the alternating movement of the hollow cylinder or prism will of necessity also
alternate the movement of the movable piston or pistons of the apparatus.
Now as the reduction of the pressure in one certain compartment only depends.
upon the amount of movement of the hollow cylinder or prism, whereby the
openings are more or less uncovered, and as the movable pistons of the consecutive
compartments will only travel towards the reduced pressure, so long as the above-
named openings are uncovered in this respective compartment; and lastly, as the
volucity of the travel of the movable piston or pistons exactly depends upon the
pressure brought to bear upon them, the apparatus here described enables one to.
make the movable pistons travel through any part of the maximum stroke for
which the apparatus has been constructed, and that too with varying velocity and
varying force, according to the will of the operator.
The only work to be done for thus guiding the movable piston or pistons is the
movement of the hollow cylinder or prism, a work quite irrevalent with respect to
the effectiveness of the apparatus, as there is only the friction of the hollow,
cylinder or prism over the different pistons to be overcome. This resistance will be
practically constant and insignificant, if it is borne in mind that the same effort
enables one to make the movable pistons travel with the same facility, varying at
will in stroke, velocity, and pressure to overcome a resistance of a few hundred-
weights, as well as of many tons.
:

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Josef Stummer von Traunfels in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
18th April 1879.
JOSEF STUMMER VON TRAUNFELS, of Vienna, in the Empire of Austria, Engineer.
"A NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR TRANSMITTING POWER BY THE AID OF
STEAM, AIR, WATER, OR ANY OTHER FLUID UNDER PRESSURE."
This Invention relates to the construction of a new apparatus for multiplying
the force and movements of the human hand in such a manner that the working
piston rod of the said apparatus not only varies the length of its stroke, but also its
velocity and the power exerted exactly in accordance with the will of the operator
at any moment, and without any change in the details of the apparatus being
necessary. All these three conditions, namely, varying stroke, varying velocity,
and varying power exerted are to vary simultaneously or separately as often and at
whatever intervals of time it may be required, from their minimum, namely, zero,
to their maximum, for which the apparatus has been constructed.
The principle upon which my Invention is based consists in the peculiar
arrangement by which power is transmitted by the aid of steam, air, water, or any
other fluid under pressure to any desired object for the purpose of creating useful
work, represented by so many
per second.
The various apparatuses and machines heretofore in use for a similar purpose,
and commonly called " prime movers," transmit the power accumulated in the
steam, air, water, or other fluid under pressure employed to the object upon which
a certain amount of power has to be exerted by means of pistons and piston rods
working within suitable cylindrical encasements. The fluid under pressure is
alternately applied on one or the other side or face of the piston or pistons,
according to the direction to be given to the power transmitted. In all cases
however where an alternating movement of the pistons is desired and the force
supplied shall if required be equal in both directions of the piston movements, the
fluid under pressure is only applied on one side of the piston, while at the same
time the fluid under pressure which has been applied on the other side of the said
piston has been allowed to escape out of the compartment adjoining the other side
or face of the same, either into the air or other space where the pressure is less
than that of the fluid used in the apparatus; while this escape of the fluid used
goes on no fresh supply of the said Auid under pressure is allowed to enter the
compartment out of which the escape takes place, that is to say, during the time
the piston is actuated upon its other side or face by the fluid under pressure. Thus
the mode of utilizing the fluid under pressure for the purpose of moving the piston
from one end of the apparatus to the other, namely, during one stroke of the piston,
may be summarily described as passing through the following consecutive actions,
supposing the apparatus to have just completed the up stroke previous to the com-
mencement of the down stroke.
(1.) By opening the exhaust ports of that compartment to which the fluid under
pressure has just been admitted, and closing at the same time the ports which have
admitted such fluid under pressure to this compartment. (2) Closing the exhaust
ports and opening the admission ports of the adjoining compartment.
Thus the principle upon which prime movers actuated by any fluid under
pressure have been hitherto constructed may be designated as the principle of
addition of power, inasmuch as the movement of the piston is effected merely by
the admission of any fluid under pressure to that side of the piston which is
opposed to the direction of the stroke, while at the same time the other side of the
piston is in communication with a space of so much reduced, and for all practical
purposes, nearly unchangeable pressure that in general it may be said to be never
under any efficient working pressure at all.
It will be clear that under the circumstances above described, for instance, in
the present hydraulic piston engines the pressure of the fluid per unit of surface

page_text: cannot be reduced, and as the piston area remains unchanged a reduction of the
force exerted by the piston to any other degree than to the exhaust pressure is
perfectly out of question. The same, but in a minor degree, is the case when com-
pressible fluids under pressure, such as air, steam, and the like are used, as in this
case the above deficiency has been counterbalanced to a certain degree by making
use of the expanding power of these fluids, but even under these circumstances as
long as the fluid is admitted to one side of the piston, namely, until the point of
"cut-off" has been reached, nothing but the maximum amount of pressure can be
supplied to the piston. Therefore even with the use of steam, air, or any other
elastic fluid under pressure no momentarily, variable, nor even a constant and
equal reduction of pressure per unit of surface can be obtained with the present
coustructions.
My Invention in contradistinction to this mode of action in ordinary piston
engines which are worked by the aid of steam, air, water, or any other fluid under
pressure, as described, consists in a perfectly different mode of effecting the move-
ment of a piston, and consequently work by means of steam, air, water, or any
other fluid under pressure, and in a peculiar construction of machines or appa-
ratuses therefor. According to my Invention the fluid under pressure, whether
steam, air, water, or otherwise, is applied according to the principle of abduction
in contradistinction to the principle of addition, as hitherto practised and as above
described.
As the
I will now proceed to explain in general the chief difference between the principle
of addition as at present carried out and previously explained, and that of abduction
as effected according to my present Invention. According to the principle of
abduction the power derived from steam, air, water, or any other fluid under
pressure is constantly and uninterruptedly admitted to both sides of one or more
movable pistons, so that both compartments adjoining the said movable pistons are
unintermittingly supplied with the fluid under pressure, whether the movable
piston or pistons which have to transmit the power be moving or at rest.
area of the movable piston or pistons is equal on both their faces no movement of
the same can take place under these circumstances, but the moment the fluid con-
tained in a certain compartment is allowed to escape, either into the air or any
other space of reduced pressure while the inflow of fresh fluid under pressure is
going on uninterruptedly, a reduction of pressure per unit of surface will take
place in this compartment. This reduction of pressure will be dependent upon the
quantity of the fluid allowed to escape proportionally to the quantity of the supply
of fresh fluid under pressure to this compartment per unit of time. If the fluid
allowed to escape is equal in quantity to the fluid entering the same compartment
then the pressure in this compartment will have been reduced to the pressure in
the space into which the fluid has been allowed to escape. As moreover the
quantity of the fluid allowed to escape will, all other conditions being unchanged,
be proportionate to the sectional area of the opening through which such escape
takes place, it will be understood that the reduction of pressure in a certain com-
partment will be dependent upon the proportion in which the escape openings will
be increased.
It is therefore possible to decrease at will and in whatever proportion desired the
pressure in a certain compartment of the apparatus, and if at the same time the
escape of fluids in the adjoining compartment or compartments separated from
the preceding one by a piston or pistons is prevented, then the pressure in the latter
compartment or compartments will remain unchanged, that is to say, at the same
pressure as that of the fluid under pressure used in the apparatus, and a difference
of pressure will therefore ensue between two adjoining compartments, and the
movable piston or pistons adjoining the compartment of reduced pressure will be
moved in the direction of that compartment with a force dependent upon the amount
of difference of pressure in the two adjoining compartments and upon the surface
of the moveable piston; thus by varying the area of the escape openings of a certain
compartment of the apparatus the adjoining moveable piston or pistons can be made

page_text: to travel towards this compartment with a force and velocity only dependent upon
the area of the escape openings. The moment the said escape openings are closed
no farther movement can take place. By a simple movement therefore controlling
the escape openings of a certain compartment the adjoining movable piston or
pistons are caused to travel towards the compartment out of which the fluid is
allowed to escape:-Firstly, with a power varying from zero through all inter-
mediate amounts up to the full power the apparatus can produce with the given
piston area and the pressure of the fluid used; secondly, with varying velocity, as
the latter is dependent upon the amount of force transmitted by the piston when
the resistance remains constant; and thirdly, with varying length of stroke from
zero up to the full stroke the construction of the apparatus will permit.
It will be seen that by my improved apparatus results can be obtained which
together are of such completeness and simplicity as could not have been attained by
any apparatus heretofore in use. Moreover, my improved apparatus also admits of a
reduction of pressure per unit of surface, either fixed beforehand and constant or
variable at will during the entire stroke of the moveable piston or pistons, and my
improved system of construction does not necessitate any clearances whatever, the
amount of which is an inexhaustible source of trouble with engines and apparatuses
as heretofore constructed.
Having thus described the principle of my improved apparatus for transmitting
power by the aid of steam, air, water, or any other fluid under pressure, I will now
proceed to describe the construction of the same.
The said apparatus consists of a moveable hollow cylinder or prism constituting
the valve for the escape openings of the different compartments of the apparatus,
and in two cases also representing at the same time the casing for the pistons of the
apparatus.
The different compartments of my improved apparatus are formed by fixed and
movable pistons enclosed in a casing, in which they fit either steam, air, or water
tight. When the hollow cylinder prism constituting the valve for the escape
openings of the different compartments is placed inside the fixed and movable
pistons, and at the same time constitutes the casing for the fixed and moveable
pistons, it is made to fit steam, air, or water tight to these fixed or moveable pistons ;
but when it is placed on the outside of the said fixed and moveable pistons it is
enclosed steain, air, or water tight in the casing of the fixed and moveable cylinders.
Out of the number of the fixed and moveable pistons of the apparatus either two
of these pistons are fixed or immovable with respect to each other, and fastened to
a common base plate, while the third piston is moveable, and serves to transmit
the power exerted on one of its faces by means of piston rods, or two of the
pistons are moveable, and serve to transmit the power exerted upon their faces, while
the third piston is fixed and immovable, and fastened to a basis or bed plate.
When it is desirable to employ more than three pistons in my improved apparatus
the number of movable and fixed pistons varies according to the different purposes
for which the said apparatus is to be used. The moveable cylinder or prism, which
as above described may be arranged either on the inside or outside of the pistons,
contains in its periphery suitable openings, herein-after called egress openings,
through which the fluid under pressure acting on both surfaces of the movable
pistons of the apparatus can be caused to escape. When the apparatus is at rest,
these egress openings are closed either by the rim of the movable piston or pistons
by the rim of the fixed pistou or pistons, or by the casing of the fixed and movable
pistons, this latter being the case when the moveable cylinder or prism is enclosed
in the casing of the fixed and moveable pistons.
On the other hand, openings, herein-after termed ingress openings, are provided
either in one or more of the pistons, or in other convenient parts of the apparatus,
for the admission of the fluid under pressure. These openings are arranged in such
a manner that the fluid under pressure can enter every compartment of the appa-
ratus confined between two consecutive pistons at any moment, whether the
moveable pistons be moving or at rest.

page_text: Now according to the principle upon which my improved apparatus is based, and
which principle has been heretofore explained, the egress openings of the said.
apparatus are kept closed as long as the apparatus remains at rest, while the ingress
openings are constantly kept open to admit the fluid under pressure to both sides of
each movable piston.
Under these conditions no reduction of pressure in any one of the compartments
of the apparatus can take place, and therefore no tendency to move the moveable
piston will exist. The moment howevor the moveable cylinder or prism has been
brought into such a position as to partially open the egress openings of a certain
compartment or compartments, while at the same time the egress openings of the
adjoining compartments are kept closed, the moveable piston or pistons adjoining
the compartment or compartments of reduced pressure will be moved in the direction
of these compartments of reduced pressure according to the general principles
explained above.
The form of the egress openings, their relative position to each other and to the
moveable or fixed pistons, or to the casing enclosing the latter, and the mode of
opening these ogress openings, may be varied according to the different purposes for
which the apparatus has to be used, but they must always fulfil the condition that
while the egress openings of a certain compartment are opened, those of the
adjoining compartment or compartments must remain closed, while at the same time.
all the ingress openings admitting the fluid under pressure remain opened without
intermittance.
In the accompanying Drawing,-
Figure 1 represents in longitudinal section a very simple form of my improved
apparatus, and
Figure 1a is a transverse section of the same through the movable piston and
the egress openings.
In these Figures A, A¹, represent the movable cylinder, which in this form of
apparatus also constitutes the casing of the movable piston C and the two fixed
pistons P, PL The two fixed pistons P, P¹, are connected by the rods R, R¹, and
held in position by the nuts n, n, n¹, n¹. These fixed pistons are secured in place
to a common bed plate by vertical bolts m, m, and are formed hollow, so that the
fluid under pressure which is brought to the apparatus by the main supply pipo V
can by means of the branch pipes v, v, freely enter the left and right hand com-
partments B, B, of the said apparatus, the said compartments being separated by
the moveable piston C. The fixed and moveable pistons are provided with suitable
packing, so as to render the same perfectly steam, air, or water tight.
The moveable cylinder A, A', and the fixed pistons P, P₁, are so proportioned in
length that the cylinder A, A¹, can be moved the length of half the stroke on each
side, and the moveable piston C has a piston rod E, E', which passes through
stuffing boxes D, D', in the ends of the fixed pistons P, P¹.
The egress openings are formed in the movable cylinder A, A', and at the centre
of the same longitudinally, as shown at fff, these egress openings communicate
with an annular space g, g, from which the exhaust fluid passes into the exhaust
pipe H.
When the apparatus is at rest the egress openings ff. f, are closed by the packing.
of the movable piston C, but when the cylinder A, A, which opposes to its move-
ment no other resistance than its friction on the three pistons P, C, and P¹ is moved
for instance to the left, the egress openings f,f,f, are uncovered on the left side of
the piston C, and allow the fluid contained in the compartment B to escape through
the annular space g, g, and the exhaust pipe H. As the egress openings f. f. f, are
by this movement of the cylinder A, A¹, carried still farther out of communication
with the fluid in the compartment B' than they were before no escape of the fluid
from the said compartment can take place, and therefore while the pressure in the
compartment B will have been reduced proportionately to the movement of the
cylinder A, A', that is to say, to the uncovering of the egress openings ƒ, ƒ, ƒ, to

page_text: the compartment B, no such reduction will have taken place in the compartment B²,
and the piston C will be moved in the direction of the compartment B with a force
proportionate to the difference of pressure in the said compartments.
As soon as the movement of the cylinder A, A¹, ceases the egress openings will
again be closed by the moving piston C, the difference of pressure in the compart-
ments B and B¹ will disappear, and the piston C will remain in its new position;
thus it will be seen that by means of this arrangement the stroke and the direction
of the stroke can be changed at will, according to the movement of the cylinder
A, A', from zero increasing up to the maximum stroke for which the apparatus has
been constructed.
But as the amount of reduction in pressure in one compartment is entirely
dependent upon the area of the uncovered egress openings fff, it will also be seen
that the conditions of the pressure in one compartment, and therefore the absolute
pressure upon the piston Ċ can be changed simply by the same movement of the
cylinder A, A. The more the latter is displaced in relation to the piston C the
greater will be the difference of pressure in the compartments B and B₁, and there-
fore the greater will be the available power for the propulsion of the piston C. At
the same time the velocity of the stroke will vary for a given resistance to bo over-
come in direct proportion to the power exerted upon the movable piston, and
therefore it will be seen that the power and velocity of the stroke depends solely
upon the movement of the movable cylinder A, A¹. Now if this movement is
made dependent on the movement of the pistons and piston rod, as shown in
Figure 1, and also in Figure 3, where the movable cylinder is fitted with two
trunnions T, T, upon which the two connecting rods K,, K, act, these latter being
fixed at Q to a lever S, which has its fulcrum L fixed to the piston rod E, E¹, it
will be readily understood that if the lever S is moved in one direction the moveable
cylinder A, A¹, will be displaced relatively to the movable piston C, and the egress
openings uncovered over the compartment in the direction of which the said lever S
has been moved. As long as the lever S is held in its inclined position so long will
the egress openings be uncovered, and the piston C will move in the direction in
which the said lever has been inclined.
It will be seen from the above description that the apparatus in the form shewn
in Figures 1, 1ª, and 3 is in reality a multiplicator of the power of the operator's
hand.
In Figures 2 and 2ª I have shown another form of my improved apparatus,
Figure 2 being a longitudinal section of the same, and Figure 2ª a cross section
through the egress openings. The movable cylinder A, A', in these Figures, as in
Figure 1, forms the casing for the fixed and moveable pistons, a modification in the
disposition of the egress openings however having been effected with the view of
shortening the length of the apparatus.
In Figure 2 the space allotted to the fixed pistons is materially reduced, the
movable cylinder A, A', not preceding the movements of the piston C, but only
having enough play on either side to uncover the egress openings.
The same letters of reference in Figures 2 and 2ª represent the analogous parts,
as in Figures 1 and 1. V is the main supply pipe; v, v', are branch pipes; w, w¹,
are spaces in the fixed pistons, through which the fluid under pressure is admitted
to the compartments B and B¹; f, f, are the egress openings which in this form of
the apparatus are in two sets, one over each of the two fixed pistons, so that the
egress openings are closed by the packing of the fixed pistons instead of by the
packing of the movable piston, as in Figure 1.
The egress openings f, f, lead to annular spaces g, g, of the movable cylinder A, A¹.
Now if the cylinder A, A', is in the position shewn in Figure 2, all the egress
openings are out of communication with the compartments B and B¹; therefore no
fluid can escape, no reduction of pressure ensue, and no power be exerted upon the
moveable piston C; but as soon as the movable cylinder A, A¹, is moved, let us
say to the left, the egress opening on the right-hand side will be uncovered over

page_text: the compartment B', and the fluid from this compartment will escape into the
space g, and thence through the rear part of the egress openings into the space q,
which communicates by means of the pipe H with the air or condenser, or other
space outside the apparatus. In the compartment B' therefore a reduction of
pressure will result, while in the compartment B, where by the movement of the
cylinder A, A', to the left no communication of the egress openings with the fluid
in the said compartinent has been effected, the pressure will remain unchanged.
The piston C will therefore move to the right as long as the egress openings on this
side are kept open, and with a power and velocity proportionate to the uncovered
space of the ogress openings. This form of my apparatus is especially useful where
space is limited, and where it is not required that the moveable piston should follow
the movements of the operator's hand.
In Figures 1 and 2 two forms of my apparatus have been shown, where the
movable cylinder or prism A, A¹, bosides constituting the valve for the ogress
openings, also forms the casing for the moveable and fixed pistons, but in Figure 4
I have shown in longitudinal section one form of my apparatus, in which the
moveable cylinder is placed inside the fixed and moveable pistons, the latter being
enclosed in a separate casing. V represents the main supply pipe, and vand vare
the branch pipes; P, P¹, are the fixed pistons; R, R, represent the casing of the
pistons; C is the moveable piston, with its piston rod E, E', which traverses the
fixed pistons P, P', having stuffing boxes at m, m¹.
A, A', is the moveable cylinder, which fits steam, air, or water tight into the
hollow piston rod E, E¹; ff, are the egress openings in the cylinder A, A², and g, g³,
are openings in the hollow piston rod on the left and right hand side of the mov-
able piston C, to give access to the fluid in the compartiments B, B', to the cylinder
A, A¹, that is to say, to its egress openings when the cylinder is moved to the right
or to the left. It will be seen that the action of the apparatus is the same as that
described in connection with Figures 1 and 2. If by means of the lever S, which
is attached at Q to the hollow piston rod E, E', and at O to the cylinder A, A³, the
latter is displaced relatively to the piston rod E, E', and consequently to the move-
able piston C (say to the left), the egress openings f, f, will be uncovered over the
openings g on the left side of the piston C, and cause the liquid contained in the
compartiment B-to escape into the hollow cylinder A, A1, and from thence to the
outer space through the openings D or D'; the pressure in the compartment B will
thus be reduced, and the piston C will move in the direction of the said compartment
according to the principles herein-before explained.
If desired the cylinder A, A¹, shewn in Figure 4, may be shortened when its
entire length is not required, and will have the form shewn in Figure 5, where the
same letters are used to designate the analogous parts of the apparatus, and there-
fore a detailed description will be unnecessary. T represents a rod for moving the
said shortened cylinder A, A¹.
If it is desired to cause the fluid under pressure to enter from the inside instead
of from the outside, the said apparatus may be constructed as shown in Figure 6,
in which the moveable cylinder A, A¹, is placed within the piston, as above described,
and is partially surrounded by the hollow piston rod E, E¹. The hollow cylinder
A, A¹, is reduced in diameter at both ends, so as to admit the fluid under pressure
to the openings g, g', through which it enters the compartments B, B'. The said
fluid is supplied from the main pipe V and the branch pipes v, vl, discharging the
fluid into the annular space surrounding the reduced parts of the cylinder A, A¹,
and the inner surface of the hollow piston rod. The said cylinder fits steam, air,
or water tight to the inner surface of the hollow piston rod on the right and left of
the escape openings f, f, at q, q', and at its ends at m, m³, thus confining the fluid
under pressure to the annular spaces b and b¹, from whence it enters the openings
g, g; the piston C has on both sides openings h, h¹, so as to admit the fluid contained
in the compartments B, B', to the cylinders A, A³, eventually to its egress open-
ings f. f. The escaping fluid passes. through the hollow cylinder A, A', and through

page_text: its ends D, D', to the outside of the apparatus. The movable cylinder A, A², is
nctuated as described in connection with Figure 4 by a lever S, having its fulcrum
at Q fastened to the piston rod E, E', while the cylinder A, A¹, has its point of
attachment at O.
The mode of operation is identical with that of the apparatus shewn in Figures 4
and 5.
"
In Figure 7 I have shewn in longitudinal section the last of the three modes of
disposing the movable cylinder, as above described, namely, the enclosure of the
movable cylinder in the casing of the fixed and movable pistons. P, P¹, are the
fixed pistons; C is the movable piston; R, R, represent the casing enclosing steam,
air, or water tight the moveable cylinder A, A¹; f,, are the egress openings of
the latter; g, g, the openings to admit the fluid from the compartments B, B¹,
through the casing R, to the moveable cylinder A, A', respectively, to its egress
openings f; stuffing boxes are arranged at m, m', in the fixed pistons for the
connecting rod E, E'; V is the main pipe; v, v', are the brauch pipes; S represents
the lever for moving the cylinder A, A¹, through the ends of which at D, D¹, the
escape fluid is caused to leave the apparatus. The action of this apparatus is
identical with that described in connection with Figure 2, where the moveable
cylinder does not precede the movements of the moveable piston C.
Besides the forms of my apparatus, as shown in the accompanying Drawing, other
arrangements will become necessary when more than three pistons are used, or out
of the three pistons used only one of them is fixed as previously described, but tho
character of the construction, that is to say, its main features as laid down in the
general description, will remain unchanged, while the details will have to be altered
according to the circumstances.
Having thus.fully described my said Invention, and the manner of performing
the same, I wish it understood that I do not confine myself exclusively to the
details hero given and the constructions as represented in the Drawing, which shew
some examples only of the different arrangements which may become necessary
according to circumstances, but wish it to be understood that my Invention relates
principally to the general arrangement and mode of operating as described, and
which must remain unaltered if the objects of my Invention as set forth be main-
tained, whether the details of the said apparatus be modified or arranged in any
suitable manner whatever, and I claim,-
First. The general construction and arrangement of my apparatus, substantially
as described, and as illustrated in the accompanying Drawing.
Second. The moveable cylinder constituting a valve for the egress openings, as
described, and for the purpose specified.
Third. The use of fixed and moveable pistons, arranged in position relatively to
the moveable cylinder as above described, and for the purpose specified.
Fourth. The reduction of pressure of the fluid in the said apparatus as above
described, and by the means and for the purpose specified.
Fifth. The construction of an apparatus for transmitting power by means of
steam, air, water, or other fluid under pressure, and having no clearances, substan-
tially as described.
Sixth. The construction of an apparatus for varying the power, the velocity, and
the length of stroke, according to the will of the operator, either separately or
conjointly, substantially as described.
Seventh. The construction of an apparatus as described, and represented in
Figures 1, 1º, and 3, and for the purpose specified.
Eighth. The construction of an apparatus as described, and represented in Figures 2
and 2ª, and for the purpose specified.
Ninth. The construction of an apparatus as described, and represented in Figures 4
and 5. and for the purpose specified.

page_text: Tenth. The construction of an apparatus as described, and represented in Figure 6,
and for the purpose specified.
Eleventh. The construction of an apparatus as described, and represented in
Figure 7, and for the purpose specified.
In witness whereof, I, the said Josef Stummer von Traunfels, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Eleventh day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-nine.
JOSEF STUMMER VON TRAUNFELS. (L.S.)