IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR WEAVING CUT PILE FABRICS
Year: 1885

page_text: "
We SÄCHSISCHE WEBSTUHLFABRIK (LOUIS SCHONHERR) and I OTTO HALLEN-
SLEBEN of Chemintz (Germany) Manufacturers do hereby declare the nature of
this invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR WEAVING
CUT PILE FABRICS" and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This apparatus which is hereinafter explained with reference to drawings is
employed to produce a machine made cut pile fabric resembling a Smyrna or
Turkish Carpet in appearance and finish. Smyrna or Turkish Carpets are dis-
tinguished on the one hand by the manner in which the threads forming the pattern
and which cannot be afterwards pulled out without great difficulty are introduced
or woven and are further characterised by the peculiarity that patterns are made
with any number of colours without causing the threads to run along the under-
side or back of the Carpet when not actually employed in forming the pattern as
is usually the case in making plush Carpets on a Jacquard loom as heretofore
practised. In order to produce a fabric resembling a Smyrna or Turkish Carpet
without having to tie by hand each thread forming the pattern it is necessary that
the following conditions be complied with.
1. Each pattern thread must be interlaced with the warp and weft threads and
be as firmly fastened into the foundation of the fabric as if tied in by hand.
2. It must be possible to produce any pattern with a great variety of colours by
combining a loom thus arranged with a suitably constructed Jacquard mechanism.
3. The coloured or pattern threads must not appear at the back of the carpet at
the places where they are not required to form the pattern or design at the front.
These three main features of Smyrna or Turkish Carpet weaving are obtained
mechanically in the loom or apparatus constructed according to this Invention as
hereinafter described.
And in order that the said Invention may be fully understood we shall now
proceed more particularly to describe the same and for that purpose shall refer to
the several figures on the annexed sheet of Drawings the same letters of reference
indicating corresponding parts in all the figures.

page_text: Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings is a diagram shewing in longitudinal
section such parts of a loom as are necessary to explain the Invention and Figure 2
is a front elevation of the same.
Figures 3 and 4 represent details drawn to a larger scale. Figure 5 represents
in section and plan the interlacing of the threads in a fabric woven according to
this Invention and Figure 6 shows the ordinary arrangement of the threads in
machine made pile fabrics woven in the usual manner.
1. Interlacing of the pattern threads. Each pattern thread supplied, owing to
the irregularity of the work, from a separate bobbin, is passed through the eyes of
needles D placed in a frame E acting as a guide for the same the said needles
being capable of moving independently in a vertical direction. After passing
through the eyes P of these needles the threads pass through the dents L of a
moveable comb K (figure 4) and through the dents of a stationary reed M. The
threads forming the foundation of the fabric are passed through the dents 1 and
half dents 2 of the said reed M and are operated to form the shed by a pair of
heddles F F being so arranged that the threads from the heddle F pass through
the dents 1 whilst the threads from the heddle F¹ pass through the half dents 2.
The rising movement of the heddles and the shed formed by the binding threads
must be so arranged that the said threads never rise to the level of the dents L of
the comb K so that the latter is always free to cross over the binding threads.
The interlacing of the knots or loops of the pattern threads within the foundation
of the pile or plush fabric is obtained as follows:-By means of pile wire
apparatus of known construction a pile wire V (figure 5) provided with a cutter
is pushed into the shed under the pattern threads and over the binding threads.
At the same time such of the needles as are required to form the pattern are
lowered, the heddle of the binding threads being raised, and the weft is then shot.
The needles which were lowered are then again elevated the threads which
they carried being now fastened into the fabric by a weft thread. After the
raising of the pattern threads has taken place the frame E is shifted by the action
of a lever Q and an excentric or cam P¹. A similar motion is imparted to the
comb K by means of a roller H carried by the comb and working on a finger G
(figure 4) attached to the frame E. By this movement the needles which were
behind the spaces 3 in the reed M become placed behind the spaces 4 in the said
reed this action being rendered possible in consequence of the half dents 2 not
extending beyond the level of the upper shed of binding warp. At this moment
the same needles are again lowered as before the same heddle is elevated and a
second shot of binding weft is made. After the needles have been again elevated
two shots are made to fix the foundation the weft threads being interlaced with
the binding threads by the alternate action of the two heddles.
When
2. Producing the pattern. It has been already explained that the needles D
are capable of being depressed or lowered independently or separately and that the
moveable frame E acts merely as a guide therefor in order to distinguish them
from the heddles with fixed needles employed in the production of certain fabrics.
There must be as many needles in the frame as there are pattern threads in the
width of the carpet but there may be as many needles in the frame arranged one
behind the other or longitudinally of the loom as there are colours, there being
five needles so arranged in the example illustrated as indicated in figure 1.
the pile wire has been inserted under the pattern threads and such of the said
threads as are required to form the pattern have been lowered these threads are
fastened into the foundation as herein before described and in such a manner as to
produce a design of various colours in the fabric. The descent of the needles is
controlled and timed with precision in accordance with the pattern by means of a
jacquard mechanism from the hooks of which the needles P are suspended by
cords W such of the needles as are not required to be lowered being held up by
the hooks of the jacquard.
3. Means employed to obviate the necessity for weaving the pattern or pile
threads into the fabric when they are not required to form the pattern. When a

page_text: certain number of pile wires have been worked in under the pile or pattern
threads as indicated in figure 3 the wire first introduced is pulled out by the
mechanism and cuts the threads. Such of the threads as are not required to form
the pattern and are not to be woven into the fabric are maintained above the
wires by the action of the jacquard and when cut the loose ends are prevented
from running back by a pressing roller Q₁ which is pressed down upon the
remaining pile wires by a spring. The cut ends which are not required for the
pattern are subsequently removed in the brushing and shearing operations.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this Invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what we claim is
A loom for weaving Carpets resembling Smyrna or Turkey Carpets wherein the
pattern threads pass through needles which are operated vertically by Jacquard
mechanism and laterally by a frame shifting horizontally the said threads being
inserted by a special comb into different spaces in the reed and being cut when
not required to form the pattern the ends being prevented from running back
by a pressing roller substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in the
accompanying drawings.