IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING, VENTILATING, LIGHTING, AND COOKING PURPOSES
Year: 1876

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Marcus Israel Landau at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th January 1876.
"
MARCUS ISRAEL LANDAU, of High Holborn, in the County of Middlesex, Mining
Engineer. IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR HEATING, VENTILATING, LIGHTING,
AND COOKING PURPOSES."
I construct apparatus for heating, lighting, and ventilating purposes in general
principle similar to those for which I obtained Her Majesty's Letters Patent,
No. 1674, and dated 5th May 1875; but according to my present Invention I
employ a new method of and arrangement for causing a perfect up draft in the
chimney shaft, whereby a regulated and plentiful supply of air is always admitted
to and above the receptacle containing the fuel, thus producing perfect combustion,
and preventing "back smoke" entering the apartment.
For the purposes of my Invention I construct a hollow chamber tube or bent
plate of any suitable material, preferring a good conductor of heat, which I call
"smoke director," and it is so arranged as to fit into the chimney shaft. One end
of this chamber tube or director opens into the uptake or shaft, and the other over
the grate or receptacle containing the fuel. A valve, trap, slide, door, or other
equivalent contrivance may be used for increasing and diminishing the draft as
required by opening and closing the passage of the chamber, tube, or director.
The chamber, tube, or director may be a fixture, or it may be removeable. In
some instances the lower part of the chamber or tube is formed in two or more
portions as to be moveable, in order that they may be slidden upwards and down-
wards or turned up, or they may work on hinges or like contrivances. A deflector
or hood is sometimes formed on or attached to the chamber, tube, or director, and
it fits at the front of the fire-place, and projects above the grate. The smoke
director may be made in various forms to fit different kinds of stoves, fire-grates,
and other heating and lighting apparatus.
I sometimes increase the draft power in my improved ventilating cowl (described
in my Patent herein-before alluded to) by lengthening the innermost concentric
tube in an upward direction, and making it conical or tapering.
In certain cases I find it advantageous to divide the outermost tube in two or
more cones, conical portions, or otherwise. These cones or conical portions may be
made of perforated or reticulated material to form passages or openings.
The flat rings or annular plates at the top of my ventilating cowl I sometimes

page_text: arrange in such manner as to form bell-mouths, trumpet-shaped, conical, or oblique
openings or passages all around, in order that the centripetal movement or force of
the air acting therein shall increase the draft or suction power, and withdraw all
smoke or noxious or vitiated gases from the apartment, place, or space to be cooled,
ventilated, or otherwise acted upon.
In my improved portable cooking apparatus I construct a chamber or receptacle
for receiving the contents to be cooked or heated of inverted truncated cone shape,
which may be in two or more portions to allow each such portion to receive different
contents to be cooked at the same time.
The cooking apparatus is placed above the flame of the lamp or other lighting
apparatus with its truncated portion above or fitting over the chimney, and it is
held in position by supports on the lighting apparatus. Space is left between the
flame and the cooking apparatus, in order that the light from the flame shall not
be obstructed or hidden, thus serving the purposes of cooking and lighting at the
same time. One or more passages or flues are formed in the chamber or receptacle
to permit the heat from the flame to pass upwards to warm the contents, and also
for the escape of the products of combustion. The sides of the cooking apparatus
may form reflectors. Taps, spouts, covers, handles, and other necessary contrivances
are provided.
In certain cases the space left at the top of the ventilating cowl between the
outer and inner eones or caps is so contrived as to receive matter to be cooked, and
the door, dome, or flap at the top of the outer cone or cap may be arranged for the
same purpose; and I place the cowl so arranged at the top of the cooking apparatus.
The apparatus can also be used as a heating apparatus.
I make glass globes, shades, and chimneys for gas and oil lamps partly transparent
and partly opaque or translucent in a vertical direction, so that the opaque or
translucent portion shall serve as a reflector. I form the lower part of glass
chimneys also opaque or translucent in a horizontal direction, such opaque or
translucent portion reaching to just above the blue and dark portions of the flame;
or the globes, shades, and chimneys may be partly silvered or ground, and partly
transparent.