Improvements in and in connection with Pneumatic Tyres for Velocipede and other Wheels.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 15th June, 1893
Complete Specification Left, 21st Dec., 1893-Accepted, 24th Feb.. 1894
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and in connection with Pneumatic Tyres for
Velocipede and other Wheels.
I, PERCY ALBERT CRAVEN, of 9 Kings Road, Wimbledon, in the County of
Surrey, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as
follows:-
The improvements constituting my invention, consist of a method of constructing
and fixing the outer cover or wearing surface of pneumatic tyres as used upon
bicycles, tricycles and other velocipedes and vehicles, by which the same may be
quickly and easily connected and fixed upon the wheel rim, and as quickly and
easily removed therefrom, to effect repairs to the gas bag, or for other reasons,
without the need of skilled labour, or any special mechanical knowledge beyond
that possessed by any and every cycle rider.
The difficulties hitherto experienced in providing means for the attachment and
detachment of the outer cover of such tyres, have been, and still are many and
various, among which may be mentioned, 1st. The difficulty of providing a means
of attachment possessing sufficient strength and tenacity, without the employment
of materials liable to deterioration through friction or oxidation, or both. 2nd. The
necessity of having to provide some special and often expensive addition in the
construction of the rim, or in the sectional formation of same, or both, for
the reception of the specially constructed cover, and the object of my invention is
to overcome all these difficulties and inconveniences, which I attain by constructing
a cover or wearing surface, provided with means for attaching the same to any and
every type of rim at present known and used, without the use of materials open to
deterioration by friction or oxidation, and without materially adding to the weight
of the wheel, or the need of any special construction or formation of the rim for the
reception thereof, beyond that of boring or otherwise forming one or two or more
small apertures therein.
I carry my invention into effect by constructing of any suitable material or
combination of materials, suitable for the purpose, an outer cover or wearing
surface, which may be of any form in cross section, to the outer or thin edges of
which attach by any suitable and convenient means, a flexible cord or cords, of
great strength and tenacity and of such a length as to slightly extend beyond each
end of the cover. The said cords may be of gut, ox hide or any other similar and
suitable material, or of a series of fine copper, brass or other wires, parallel to, or
stranded, twisted, platted, or otherwise combined with each other, and preferably.
but not imperatively enclosed within a suitable casing of cotton, silk, gutta percha,
celluloid, xylonite or other material for the prevention of oxidation.
To one end of each cord 1 attach, or form thereof or therewith, a hook, the
opposite ends being provided with corresponding eyes, or both ends of each cord
may have hooks, or eyes, buttons, knobs, cross heads, or any other extension or
swelling suitable for the purposes they are intended to serve.
In the rim of the wheel, and between any two spokes, I bore or otherwise form
one or more, preferably not more than two, small holes or slots, which may be either
close together near the centre of the width of the rim, or as far apart as the
width of the rim will permit, or any intermediate position that may be found
convenient.
The gas or air bag having been placed in position upon the rim of the wheel, the
same end of each of the flexible cords would be passed inwardly through the hole

page_text: or holes, slot or slots, previously mentioned, in the rim of the wheel, and be therein
retained by means of the said knobs, buttons or other extensions on the ends of the
cords, engaging therewith, or hooked or eyed upon a suitable knob or knobs, pin or
pins, or other convenient equivalents therefor, provided upon the rim of the wheel.
The cords (and of course the edges of the cover) would then be led around
the periphery of the wheel, or rim, at each side of, and more or less beneath the
gas or air bag, until the opposite or free ends of the cords were brought round to
the before mentioned hole or holes, slot or slots in the rim, through which they
would be passed inwardly, and after being pulled taut, so as to bring the edges of
the cover well within the rim of the wheels, these may then be fastened to the same
or other knob or knobs, pin or pins as that of the first ends of the same, or other
means may be provided for fastening the second ends of the cords, with or without
the accompaniment of suitable appliances for further tightening them, at this or any
subsequent period. The bag may now be inflated in the usual way, and as this was
perfected, the edges of the outer cover, and the cords therein or thereon, would be
held down upon the rim of the wheel, and be firmly retained in position thereby,
in combination with the said cords, and when need occurs for the removal of said
cover, the simple deflation of the bag, and the disconnecting of the last ends of the
cord or cords at either side of the rim would permit the cover to be quickly and
casily removed, sufficiently to reach any part of the gas bag.
A further special acquisition in connection with this method of constructing the
outer cover is, that by reason of the flexibility of the cords employed, the whole
when not in use, may be rolled up and carried in the pocket if required, and
as easily packed in a very small compass so as to be capable of transmission from
place to place by parcels post or otherwise, and further, that although the said
cover is partly retained in position upon the rim by the inflation of the bag, it is
sufficiently held by the cords to retain its position upon the wheel, should the bag
become spontaneously deflated through puncture or otherwise.
Dated this 15th day of June 1893
GEO. THOS. HYDE,
4, Moorfields, Fore Street, London, E.C., Agent for the Applicant.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and in connection with Pneumatic Tyres for
Velocipede and other Wheels.
I, PERCY ALBERT CRAVEN of 9 King's Road, Wimbledon in the County of
Surrey, Gentleman do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
The improvements constituting my invention consist of a method of constructing
the outer envelope or wearing surface of pneumatic tyres as used upon bicycles,
tricycles and other velocipede or vehicle wheels by which the same may be quickly
and easily connected to and fixed upon the wheel rim, and as quickly and easily
removed therefrom to effect repairs to the gas or air bag, and for other purposes,
without the need of skilled labour or any special mechanical knowledge beyond that
possessed by any and every cycle rider.
Of the difficulties hitherto experienced in providing means for the quick and
casy attachment and detachment of such outer envelopes or wearing surfaces may
be mentioned. 1st. The difficulty of providing a means of attachment possessing
sufficient strength and tenacity without the employment of materials liable to
deterioration through friction or oxidation or both. 2nd. The necessity of having
to provide some special feature in the cross sectional construction of the rim, or
some expensive addition to those in general use, to render it or them adaptable for

page_text: the reception of the said special means of attaching the outer envelope thereto, and
the object of my invention is to overcome these difficulties and inconveniences
which attain by constructing a cover or wearing surface provided with means not
hitherto employed for attaching the same to any and every type of rim at present
known and used, the said means being so protected as not to be liable to
deterioration by friction or exposure to atmospheric influence, and without
materially adding to the weight of the wheel, or the need of any special structural
alteration in the rim to render it adaptable for the reception of the said means of
attachment, beyond that of boring or otherwise forming one or
apertures therein.
more small
In order that my invention and the several ways in which I carry the same into
effect may be clearly understood, reference may be made to the accompanying two
sheets of drawings, in which-
-
Fig. 1, Sheet 1, is a perspective view of part of an outer cover of a pneumatic
tyre, and is intended to illustrate the principle of my invention only, the details and
modifications of details being dealt with in the following views and hereinafter fully
explained.
Figs. 2 and 3 are enlarged views of the two ends of the flexible cords which I
employ, these views being partly to illustrate the manner in which I prefer to
construct the said cords flexible or with flexible ends, and partly to illustrate
the means I prefer to employ of connecting to the said flexible ends the several
devices hereinafter explained for attaching the said cover to the rim of the
wheel.
Figs. 4, 5, and 6, are enlarged sectional views of said cover or envelope,
illustrating the manner in which the said flexible cords may be fixed or loosely
connected thereto.
Fig. 7, is a perspective view of part of an outer cover in position upon the wheel
rim, (the latter being in section upon the line A B of Fig. 8) to illustrate one of
the methods I employ of attaching the flexible ends of the cords or the ends of the
flexible cords thereto for holding the cover upon the rim.
Fig. 8, is a view of the outer or concave surface of part of said rim, further
illustrating the method of attaching the said cords thereto shewn by Fig. 7.
Fig. 9, is a view similar to Fig. 7, the rim being in section upon the line CD
of Fig. 10, and illustrating a second means of attaching the said cords flexible
or with flexible ends to the rim, while Fig. 10, is a view similar to Fig. 8, but
relating to Fig. 9.
Figs. 11, 12, 13, and 14, are further enlarged cross sectional views, illustrating
some of the forms in which I may construct the final ends of said flexible cords,
and the nosings with which they engage.
Fig. 15, is a side and plan view of a ratcheted and slotted plate which I may
employ in duplicate for receiving the final ends of said flexible cords when
constructed as at Fig. 16, Fig. 17, is a tool I may employ for effecting the said
attachment and detachment.
Fig. 18, is a longitudinal section of part of a wheel rim illustrating the manner
in which Figs. 15, 16, and 17, are employed for effecting the said attachment.
Fig. 19, is a plan and side view of a device in lieu of Fig. 17, Fig. 20, illustrating
the manner of constructing the final ends of said flexible cords for use in connection
therewith.
Fig. 21, shews the manner of connecting together the two last figures, and
hereinafter fully explained.
Fig. 22, is a view similar to Fig. 18, but dealing with Figs. 19, and 20.
Figs. 23 and 24 are views similar to Figs. 18, and 22, but dealing with other
means of attaching the end or ends of said cords, flexible or with flexible ends.
Figs. 25 and 26 are views of part of the inner periphery of a wheel rim, and
illustrating other means I may employ for adjustably effecting the said connection
of the cords flexible or with flexible ends, thereto, Figs. 27, and 28, being diagrama
relating to Figs. 25, and 26.

page_text: Figs. 29, and 30 illustrate other means of connecting the ends of said cords to
the rim, all of which will be hereinafter explained.
Similar letters of reference are used throughout the drawings when explaining
the same or like parts.
I carry my invention into effect by constructing of any suitable material or com-
bination of the materials in general use for this purpose, an outer cover A, which
may be made either endless without a break therein, or of a suitable length with its
ends connected by solution or other suitable cement, and of the usual form in cross
section, that is to say-thickest at the centre of its width, or that part forming the
tread of the wheel, the whole being lined with canvas or other suitable fabric B, in
the usual way, and to one of its outer or thin sides I attach a cord C. flexible or
with flexible ends, and to the other a like cord D, each being of such a length as to
slightly exceed the entire length of A, so as to extend a suitable distance beyond
each end thereof, or protrude through a suitable hole or aperture or holes or
apertures therein as at Fig. 1, if A. be endless, or when this has been rendered
endless by joining its ends by solution or other cement, the protruding ends of
each cord being preferably, but not imperatively, opposite each other.
effect the attachment of C, D, with the said cover, by enclosing these fixedly or
loosely between the materials A, B, as at Fig. 5, or upon the inner surface of the
cover and surrounded thereby as at Fig. 4, or upon its outer surface and surrounded
thereby as at Fig. 6.
I may
I am aware that wires have been employed in the edges of the outer cover, as a
means for retaining the same upon the rim of the wheel, but these have invariably
been of steel or other metal solid in cross section and in most cases these have been
endless, so that the cover could only be sprung upon the rim, or if not endless the
rigid or non-flexible nature of these wires has necessitated the provision of some
means of fastening them upon the outer periphery of the wheel or requiring some
special formation of the rim for their reception, but I claim to be the first to
introduce the principle of using wires or cords flexible or with flexible ends led at
any angle through holes or apertures in the rim and rendered taut and fastened
upon the inner periphery of the said rim by the various means hereinafter
described and shewn or their equivalents. For the purposes of my invention
therefore it is indispensable that the said cords must be flexible, either for the whole
of their lengths or such portions thereof as are required to pass through the hole or
holes in the rim.
With this in view I may construct the said cords of gut ox-hide or other similar
and suitable material or combination of materials, or of a bundle of fine copper,
brass, steel, or other wires, placed parallel with each other, or stranded, twisted,
platted or otherwise combined, preferably, but not imperatively, enclosed within a
suitable casing of paraffined cotton or silk, or gutta percha, celluloid, xylonite or
other material for the prevention of oxidation. At one end of each of said .cords
I attach, or form thereof or therewith, a hook, the opposite end of each being
provided with an eye, or either or both ends of each may have hooks, eyes, buttons,
knobs, crossheads or any other extension or swelling according to which of the
several methods I may employ of connecting them to the rim of the wheel.
Referring to the methods of attaching the ends of said cords shewn by Figs. 7
and 8, I bore or otherwise form in the rim of the wheel E, between any two of
its spokes, a pair of slots F. F', which may be close together, near the centre of
the width of the rim E, or as far apart as circumstances may require. According
to this method I attach to the ends of C, a button, knob or other suitable
extensions G, G' and to the ends of D, similar buttons knobs or extensions H, H'.
The gas or air bag having been placed in position upon the rim E, and the
outer cover or envelope A, placed thereover in the usual way, one end of the
cords C, D, (say the ends G, and H,) would first be passed inwardly through
the slots F, and F', and pulled to the ends of said slots nearest to themselves, each
cord (and of course the cover A,) would then be led around the rim E, at cach
side of, and more or less beneath the gas bag, until the opposite ends of C, and D,

page_text: were brought round to the slots F, F', through which (after the said cords had
been pulled taut so as to bring the edges of A, well within the rim E,) the buttons
or knobs G' and H' would be passed, when, by the inflation of the air bag these
would be brought firmly into the opposite ends of F, F', as at Figs. 7, and 8, and
the cover A, be thereby firmly retained upon E. I may attach to the final ends
of C, D, hooks or eyes in heu of the buttons or knobs G¹, H', in which case I
should provide upon the inner periphery of the rim E, studs, knobs or pins, with
which the said rings or hooks would be caused to engage before the inflation of
the air bag, and in like manner I may employ hooks or eyes in lieu of G, and H,
and cause these to engage with the said studs or the like on the rim E. Unless
that part of my invention to be presently described for stretching the cord be
employed, I prefer to use for my flexible cords some material which is not liable
to stretch with moisture such as metallic wires or chains.
In my Provisional Specification I particularly mention that other means may be
provided for fastening the second ends of the cords with the accompaniment of
suitable appliances for further tightening them, therefore, in Figs. 9, and 10, 1
illustrate a modification of the foregoing method of attachment, which provides a
means whereby the flexible cords, or cords with flexible ends, may be tightened
before or after the inflation of the air bag takes place. In this method I attach
to the initial end of C, a button or knob G or G, and to the opposite or final end,
by any suitable means, a solid metallic or other piece J, having a threaded
extension thereon, and upon the cord D, a like button or knob II or H', and a
like metallic or other piece JJ both as at Figs. 1 and 2. The said buttons or
knobs would be first passed through the slots F, F1, formed as at Fig. 10, in the
rim E, and when the said cords had been pulled to the ends thereof nearest to
themselves and led around the rim as before in the same or in opposite directions
to each other, they would ultimately arrive at slots K, K, and beneath these I
solder or otherwise connect to the inner periphery of the rim E, and at any
suitable angle therewith, hollow nosings L, and through the said nosings the solid
pieces J, J, would be passed, and a nut M, would then be screwed upon each of
the extensions J", and the cords C, D, pulled taut thereby, the initial and final
ends of each of which said cords may or may not cross each other before
protruding from the cover A. In order that the metallic or other portions J. J',
may not rotate as the nut M, is screwed upon their extensions J", these may be
any shape in cross section other than circular, and the inner formation of L,
would be arranged to correspond with that of J, J'. In Figs. 11, 12, 13, and 14,
illustrate some of the forms J, and L, may take to effect this end, and I may
employ either of these shapes or any desired combination in the formation
of J, J, and K, K. By this arrangement the retention of the cover A, upon E,
would be maintained notwithstanding that the air bag might be spontaneously
deflated through puncture or otherwise, when in use.
I have previously stated that the cords C, D, may consist of a bundle of fine
wires stranded, twisted or platted together or parallel with each other, or any
combination of these forms. In Fig. 2, I illustrate the employment of wies
parallel with each other for the whole of their lengths except a certain portion of
each end which I strand, twist, or plait together to give this part additional
flexibility, to allow this to pass more easily through the slots in the rim, and 1
may at the junction of the parallel and twisted portions, solder or otherwise fasten
all the wires together at or about the part shewn by, a in Fig. 2, this being to
prevent displacement to the parallel wires when tensional strain is brought to bear
upon the stranded portion. Fig. 3, illustrates the said metallic cords braided or
otherwise covered with paraffined cotton or silk or other material in any of the
well known ways, to prevent oxidation.
In Figs. 15, 16, 17, and 18, I illustrate appliances for, and a further method of,
connecting to the rim E, the final ends of the flexible cords C, D. According to
this method I fix upon the inner periphery of the rim E, a plate N (Fig. 15), the

page_text: upturned sides of which a and a' are provided with slots a", while the inner or
bottom portion of N, is provided with a ratcheted surface In this method the
primary ends of C, D, may be provided with buttons, knobs, eyes or other
extensions as herein before mentioned, while their final ends would be connected to
a plate c carrying a cross-head d (Fig. 16). The primary ends of C, D, would be
first passed through the slots F, F1, and led therefrom around the rim E, ultimately
reaching the slots K, K', (previously mentioned in reference to Fig. 10) through
which and the nosings L, (when the latter are employed) the final ends of C, D,
would be passed, and the cross heads d, e caused to engage with such of the
slots a as may be necessary to tighten the said cords. I effect this by the use of
the portable tool O, Fig. 17, the hooked ends of which e, e¹ would be placed in
position grasping the crosshead d, while its forked heel, would engage with the
ratchets b, in the plate N, and forming a fulcrum thereat the crossheads d, may be
caused to engage with such of the slots a" as may be required to fully effect the
tightening of C, D, as shown at Fig. 18. The employment of the tool O, in
reverse order would as easily effect the disengagement of d, from a", when the
cords C, D, require to be released. In this method I may find it convenient to
employ the method of firmly fixing a stationary hook upon the final ends of C, D,
as shown at Fig. 3, or a swivelled hook jas at Fig. 20, in order that the said
hook may engage with the plate c, carrying the crosshead d, and in this method
the nosings K, K³, need not be of special formation internally, as the extension J, J',
in C, D, need not be used.
As a modification of the foregoing means for tightening the final ends of C, D,
and in order that the lever may be permanently attached to the machine, I
sometimes provide a lever P', constructed substantially as at Fig. 19. One end of P,
is bent at right angles and opens out into two studs or extensions g, g', and
between these upon the flat portions of P, is a hole h, and with these the hooks j
or of the final ends of C, D, would engage after passing through the nosings L.
In Fig. 21, 1 illustrate the manner in which the union of j, and h, first takes
place, after which the studs g, g', of P, are caused to engage with such of the
slots a" as may be required, these forming a fulcrum for the said studs g, g' as
atz, Fig. 21, and as the free end of the lever P, is moved upward in the direction
of the arrow P', such movement would, up to a certain point, be exerting an
increased tensional strain upon the cords C, D, in the opposite direction to that of
the arrow P, which indicates the direction of pull of the said cords upon the
lever P, such pull serving to keep P, in the position shewn by Fig. 22, from which
position it cannot be spontaneously removed, or until force is used to remove it
therefrom.
In Fig. 23, I shew a further method and means for fixing the final ends of C, D.
In this case the initial ends of C, D, having been fastened upon the rim E, by
either of the means previously mentioned, the final ends would be provided with
a swivelled hook ', (Fig. 20) and this after passing through the nosings L,
would be connected to a screw coupling R, permanently connected to the rim E.
In Fig. 24, I shew how both the initial and final ends of C, D, may each be
provided with a metallic piece J or J¹ and extensions .J". In this method I
provide upon the rim E, four nosings L, two for each cord, which, after that
already described, will be fully understood without further comment.
In Figs. 25 and 27, I shew a further modification of the means for attaching
said flexible cords to the rim. In this method I fix upon the inner periphery
of E, a pair of slotted or r-shaped plates k, k, in which I cause to slide a
transverse plate S, having an externally threaded rod m, extending from one
side thereof, which passing through a bracket n, fixed upon E, receives a nut o.
The initial ends of C, D, may have buttons, knobs or other extensions or
swellings G, H, their final ends having rings G.and H", the former of which
engage with slots F, F¹, in E, after which C, D, would be led around E, as
before described, ultimately passing through holes or slots p, p', in E, when the

page_text: rings G and H" would be caused to engage with studs or knobs &, s¹ upon the
plate S, as shewn at Fig. 25, when the cords C, D, would be tightened by screwing
the nut 0, further upon m.
ID
In Figs. 26 and 28, I illustrate a modification of the last arrangement.
this method employ two transverse plates S, and S¹, both engaging with the
plates k, k¹ and each provided with a pair of bifurcated nosings t, t with which
the initial and final ends of the flexible cords C, D, or cords with flexible ends,
engage after passing through holes p, p', p¹¹, p¹i in E. In this method I prefer
that the initial ends of C, D, should have buttons or knobs G, while the final ends
may be the same or as at Fig. 16, but I do not confine myself to this arrangement.
Each of the plates S, S', is provided with a swelling or extension T, T', with which
engages a right and left hand threaded rod V, rotated by a milled wheel W, fixed
thereto, and by means of this the plates S, S', may be brought as near together
as W, will permit, and both the cords C, and D, be tightened thereby.
In Fig. 30, I shew a device one of which I attach to the inner periphery of E,
anywhere between the holes p, and p" and between p' and p". (See Fig. 26.)
This arrangement somewhat resembles a ship's capstan, the body of which Y may
be rotated by a key and to this (Y), the two ends of C, or D, are connected, and
by the rotation of Y and a ratchet and pawl y, for the retention of same the said
cords may be tightened to any extent required. A similar arrangement is shown
by Fig. 29, but in this case the body Y, is provided with a fly nut Y', by which it
may be rotated, thus dispensing with a key for this purpose.
From the foregoing description and the several views in the drawings it will be
understood that I am enabled to firmly connect the outer cover A, to any form or
description of rim E, at present known and used, without any special alteration
being made in the latter, beyond the holes or slots described and shown, and as
easily and quickly disconnected when this has to be removed for repairs to the gas bag,
or other parts enclosed thereby. And I wish it to be understood that I may employ
any of the foregoing methods in duplicate, for securing and further tightening the
ends of the cords C, D, or I may employ one of the said methods or its equivalent
for securing one cord only, and any other of the said devices or their equivalents
for securing or tightening the other cord.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1st. The hereindescribed means for fastening the outer cover or envelope of
pneumatic tyres to the rim of the wheel by the use of a pair of cords, flexible or
with flexible ends, prepared from gut, ox hide, or parallel, twisted or platted wires,
placed in or upon the edges of said cover or envelope, and fastened thereto by any
of the methods and means of fastening herein set forth or any combination thereof
and with or without the initial and final ends of each of said cords crossing each
other before protruding from the said cover, substantially as described and shewn
by the accompanying drawings.
2nd. In combination with an outer cover A, and lining B, the employment
therewith of a pair of cords C, D, flexible or with flexible ends, connected thereto
in any of the manners shewn by Figs. 4, 5, 6, and to the rim E, by the means of
buttons, knobs, or extensions G, G, H, H', engaging with slots F, F in E,
substantially as herein described and shewn by Figs. 1, to 8, of the accompanying
drawings.
3rd. In combination with an outer cover A, B, and rim E, the employment
therewith of a pair of flexible cords C, D, or cords with flexible ends, connected to
the said cover as at Figs. 4, 5, and 6, and to the rim E, by the means of buttons,
knobs, or extensions G G¹, H or H, upon their initial ends engaging with
slots F, F, and rings or hooks upon their final ends engaging with studs upon the
rim E, substantially as herein described.
4th. In combination with an outer cover A, B, and rim E, the employment of

page_text: flexible cords C, D, or cords with flexible ends, with or without the said ends
crossing each other within the cover A, and connected to the said cover as at
Figs. 4, 5, and 6, and to the rim E, by the means of studs or projections upon their
initial ends, engaging with slots F, F, in E, and their final ends connected to
metallic portions J or J¹, of any shape in cross section other than circular, and
having threaded extensions J" thereon, arranged to pass through slots K K' and
nosings I, fixed at any suitable angle upon the rim E, the said cords being tightened
by means of nut M, screwed upon J", substantially as herein described and shewn
by Figs. 9, and 10, of the accompanying drawings.
5th. In combination with an outer cover A, B, and rim E, the employment of
flexible cords C, D, or cords with flexible ends, connected to the said cover as at
Figs. 4, 5, and 6, and to the rim E, by the means of studs, buttons or projections
upon the initial ends thereof, engaging with slots F, F, in E, and a plate c, with
cross head d fixed by any suitable means upon their final ends after passing through
nosings L, and caused to engage with slots a", in the sides a a¹ of a plate N, fixed
upon the inner periphery of the rim E, by the means of a lever O, substantially as
herein described and shewn by Figs. 15, 16, 17, and 18, of the accompanying
drawings.
6th. In combination with an outer cover A, B, and rim E, the employment of
flexible cords C, D, or cords with flexible ends, connected to the said cover as at
Figs. 4, 5, and 6, and to the rim E, by the means of studs, knobs, or projections
upon their initial ends engaging with slots F, F, in the rim E, their final ends
being connected to swivelled hooks j passing through slots k and k¹ and nosings L,
and engaging with holes h of levers 1', provided with studs g gl arranged to engage
with the slots a¹¹ of plates N, substantially as herein described & shewn by Figs. 19,
20, 21 and 22 of the appended drawings.
7th. In combination with an outer cover A, B, and rim E, the employment of
flexible cords or cords with flexible ends C, D, connected to the said cover as at
Figs. 4, 5, and 6, and to the rim E, by means of buttons, knobs, or extensions upon
their initial ends engaging with slots F, F, in E, their final ends being provided
with swivelled hooks engaging with a screw coupling R, fixed upon E,
substantially as herein described and shewn by Fig. 23 of the accompanying
drawings.
8th. In combination with an outer cover A, B, and rim E, the employment of
flexible cords or cords with flexible ends C, D, connected to the said cover as at
Figs. 4, 5, & 6, & to the rim E, by the means of metallic plates J, J' of any shape
in cross section other than circular, each being provided with threaded
extensions J, and connected by any suitable means to both ends of said flexible
cords C, D, and passing through nosings L upon E, and tightened by nuts M,
screwed upon J", substantially as herein described and shewn by Fig. 24, of the
accompanying drawings.
9th. In combination with an outer cover A, B, and rim E, the employment of
flexible cords or cords with flexible ends C, D, connected with the said cover as
at Figs. 4, 5, and 6, and to the rim E, by the means of buttons, studs or projections
upon their initial ends engaging with slots F, F', their final ends passing through
holes p, p, and provided with rings G, and H", engaging with studs s, s¹, upon
a plate S, arranged to slide in guides k, k', and operated by a nut o, screwed upon
an extension m, passing through a bracket n, substantially as herein described and
shewn by Figs. 25 and 27, of the accompanying drawings.
10th. In combination with an outer cover A, B, and rim E, the employment of
flexible cords or cords with flexible ends C, D, connected to the said cover as at
Figs. 4, 5, and 6, and to the rim E, by means of buttons, studs or projections
connected to each end of C, D, and after passing through holes p, p', p", p, in E,
engaging with bifurcated nosings t, t, t¹, t¹ upon plates S, S' sliding in guides kk',
operated by a right and left hand threaded spindle V, actuated by a milled headed
disc W, substantially as herein described and shewn by Figs. 26 and 28 of the
accompanying drawings.

page_text: 11th. In combination with an outer cover A, B, and rim E, the employment of
flexible cords or cords with flexible ends C, D, connected to the said cover as at
Figs. 4, 5, and 6, and to the rim E, by means of a swivelled capstan Y, provided
with ratchet and pawl y, and to which the initial and final ends of both C, and D..
are connected, and tightened by rotating Y, by means of an ordinary clock key, or
by a fly nut Y', substantially as herein described and shewn by Figs. 29 and 30,.
of the accompanying drawings.
12th. In combination with an outer cover A, B, and rim E, the employment of
flexible cords or cords with flexible ends, C, D, composed of gut, ox-hide, or other
suitable material of a like nature, or of a bundle of fine copper, brass, steel or
other wires placed parallel with each other, or twisted, plaited, stranded or other-
wise combined, or any combination of these methods, substantially and for the
purposes herein set forth and shewn by the appended drawings.
Dated this 21st day of December 1893.
GEO. THOS. HYDE,
4, Moorfields, Fore Street, London, E.C., Agent for the Applicant.