matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FURNACES, SPECIALLY IN THE FORM, ARRANGEMENT, AND MODE OF ACTUATING THE GRATE BARS, AND ALSO IN THE MEANS FOR MAKING THE SAME SELF-ACTING AND SELF-PEEDING
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Henry Tooth, senior,
and William Henry Tooth, junior, at the Office of the Com-
missioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 4th March 1869.
We, WILLIAM HENRY TOOTH (senior) and WILLIAM. HENRY TOOTH
(junior), of No. 3, Ashburnham Road, Greenwich, in the County of
Kent, Engineers, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FURNACES, SPECIALLY IN THE
FORM, ARRANGEMENT, AND MODE OF ACTUATING THE GRATE BARS, AND ALSO IN
THE MEANS FOR MAKING THE SAME SELF-ACTING AND SELF-PEEDING," to be as
follows:-
Our Invention has for its object a more perfect combustion of the
fuel in nearly all kinds of furnaces, and we effect this by means of a
new form and construction of the grate, or rather of the bars and bearers
forming the grate, by which a peculiar and continuous motion may be
given to these during the combustion of the fuel, and also by certain
arrangements connected with the supply of fuel to the grate, which
while regulating the said supply also makes it self-acting. The bearers
or transverse bars upon which the longitudinal furnace bars rest are

page_text: each formed so as to represent a series of double cranks, that is to
say, each bar is formed with a number of crank ends or arms on
alternate sides, the number being proportioned to the number of
furnace bars. A longitudinal bar having a notch or recess at each end
rests with its notches upon each crank arm, so that when motion is
given to the cranked transverse bearers a continuous reciprocating
motion is transmitted to each of the longitudinal furnace bars. I
also form on the top of the said longitudinal bars at suitable intervals
projections or teeth for the purpose of carrying the fuel forward
with the bar when it is carried forward by the motion of the crank.
The cranked bearers are actuated by means of endless screws upon a
shaft fixed at right angles to their directions and working into gear cut
upon their projecting ends. A small jet of steam playing upon the
projecting ends of the cranks and on the endless screw of the shafts
keeps these parts cool, and at the same time promotes the combustion
of the fuel. The extremity of the said shaft projects in the front of
the furnace, and may be geared in any suitable manner to receive and
transmit motion. Placed above and in front of the furnace is the
hopper for containing and supplying the fuel, within it are two serrated
or armed rollers, between which the fuel must pass before falling into
the mouth of the furnace; these rollers are put in motion in a similar
way to and in connection with the motive power which drives the shaft,
the fuel falling between them is broken up into suitable dimensions,
and the motion of the rollers being proportioned to that of the crank
bearers, the supply of fuel is regulated to the requirements of the
furnace, that is in proportion to the consumption of the fuel in the
grate.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PILLAR POST OFFICE AND OTHER STATIONARY OB PORTABLE LETTER BOXES AND BAGS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Wright Wilkinson and
John Edward Dooley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 22nd November 1869.
We, SAMUEL WRIGHT WILKINSON, of Stockport, in the County of
Chester, Cotton Spinner and Manufacturer, and JOHN EDWARD DOOLEY,
of the same Place, Commission Agent, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF PILLAR POST
OFFICE AND OTHER STATIONARY OB PORTABLE LETTER BOXES AND BAGS," to be as
follows:-
Our Invention consists in applying to letter boxes and bags certain
apparatus by which the bag or box containing the letters is closed
while the lid is open to admit a letter, the object being to make letter
boxes or bags perfectly secure, and to prevent any tampering with the
letters in the box or bag.
A convenient mode of performing our Invention is as follows:-
Between the box or bag containing the letters and the slit through
which they are dropped is a swivel plate mounted on trunnions, and a
fixed plate of about half the size of the swivel plate, the lid of the

page_text: slit is connected by a rod or otherwise to this swivel plate, which when
the lid is opened to admit a letter closes the communication to the box or
bag, but as soon as the lid is closed the swivel plate on which the letter
had dropped assumes a vertical position and allows the letter to fall into
the box or other receptacle below.
Our Invention may be modified by making the lid with a guard,
which when the lid is opened to admit a letter closes against the inside
of the box to close the communication with the letters in the box
below. Other modifications may also be adopted for obtaining the same
result.
Our Invention is also applicable to portable letter bags which are
carried about by rural and other postmen, or for the collection of letters,
circulars, and other articles.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS FOR COLD ROLLING IRON FOR TIN PLATES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Isaac Evans at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 22nd June
1809.
I, JOHN ISAAC EVANS, of Merthyr Tydvil, in the County of Glamorgan,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS FOR COLD ROLLING IRON FOR TIN PLATES,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in certain combinations and arrangements of
mechanism whereby the iron for tin plates can be cold rolled with great
rapidity and economy.
Heretofore the rollers employed for this purpose have been arranged
in simple pairs, it being necessary when the plates under treatment
have passed between one pair of rollers to convey them by hand to
another pair, thus occasioning much labour and loss of time.
In the apparatus forming the subject of this Invention two or more
pairs of chilled iron rollers are arranged in an inclined series, and the
plates being introduced between the first and highest pair of rollers are

page_text: then passed through and subjected to the pressure of the whole series.
In order to assist the passage of the plates guides consisting of two
small rollers are placed between each pair of chilled iron rollers. The
latter are mounted in suitable bearings, and are caused to revolve by
means of gearing actuated by any motive power adapted to the purpose,
as well understood.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARKS
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Ernest Farrington, of No. 63, Grande Rue Passy,
in the City of Paris, Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARKS."
Scaled the 8th April 1870, and dated the 12th October 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Ernest Farrington at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
12th October 1869.
I, ERNEST FARRINGTON, of No. 63, Grande Rue Passy, in the City
of Paris, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BREECH-LOADING FIRE-ARMS," to be as follows:—
This Invention consists in the employment of a number of pivoting
pieces actuated by an external lateral lever, on moving back which a
metal piece mounted on its axis presses at its upper end on a boss
forming part of the breech and forces it open; the lower part of this
piece by aid of an eccentric projection presses in rotating against the

page_text: tail of a forked piece, forcing it down, and the branches of the latter
draw out the empty cartridge case. The piece referred to as being
mounted on the same axis as the lever bears on its surface next the
tumbler a projection, the object of which is that in its penetrating a
notch or slot in the tumbler the latter is drawn along in its backward
movement; the tumbler is also subjected to the influence of a spring
connected thereto by a small chain. The upper end of this tumbler
when raised grazes the lower surface of the breech, which bears at its
extremity at the side next the chamber a cylindrical channel for the
reception of a needle percutient, which when the breech is closed comes
opposite the central prime of the cartridge. In loading the gun the
lever is drawn back; this causes the internal lover piece attached to the
external one to open the breech by pressing down on the boss before
mentioned, and at the same time causes the cartridge to be withdrawn
by acting with its eccentric projection on the tail of the cartridge with-
drawer; a fresh cartridge is then inserted, and by pushing the lever
forward the breech is closed, then by pulling the trigger the needle
percutient fixed to the tumbler is forced forward by the spring and
entering the prime explodes the cartridge.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF DOOR BOLTS AND THEIR STAPLES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Matthew Tildesley at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
22nd March 1869.
I, MATTHEW TILDESLEY, of Willenhall, in the County of Stafford,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF DOOR BOLTS AND THEIR STAPLES," to
be as follows, that is to say:
Firstly. This Invention refers to improvements in the manufacture of
solid-ended bolts. These are usually produced by forming or turning
up the solid end by manual labor, the end so turned up being afterwards
finished by the process of stamping, or by the use of dies under a steam
hammer. My improvements consist in performing both operations of
bending or turning up and finishing by means of suitable dies in a
stamp, or under a steam hammer; these dies may both be formed upon
one stamp or hammer, or separate stamps or hammers may be employed
for cach dic, or the dies may be employed in a hydraulic or other
powerful press.

page_text: Secondly. My improvements consist in forming the staples for such
bolts, these having been hitherto produced in a press by two operations,
the first being to cut out the blank in flat, and the next bending it into
the required form; both these operations I propose to effect at one time
by combining the two punches, namely, that for cutting out, and that
for shaping into one tool, so that the hoop iron from which the staples
are being made passing first under the cutting-out tool then proceeds
under the shaping; after the first staple has been produced the sub-
sequent ones are formed at one blow, by reason of the first having been
shaped or bent whilst the second is being cut out, and so on until the
strip is consumed.
AN IMPROVED HOLDER FOR CARTRIDGES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Pierre Marie Fouque at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
15th September 1869.
I, PIERRE MARIE FOUQUE, of Paris, Boulevard de Strasbourg,
No. 23, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED HOLDER FOR CARTRIDGES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in keeping the cartridges closely together and
in a horizontal position in the cartridge holder, so that they may be
For this purpose the
easily handled by the soldier or sportsman.
cartridge box is supplied with a sheet of perforated india-rubber held
between two slabs of wood or metal having holes therein corresponding
to the perforations in the india-rubber. The holes in the wood or metal
slabs are rather larger than the diameter of the cartridge, but the holes
in the india-rubber are smaller, so that on the cartridge being passed
through the said holes it is held tightly at one point only by the elastic
force of the india-rubber, the other end of the cartridge resting on small
ledges placed at the back of the case for their reception. This method
of supporting cartridges has the advantage of perfectly isolating them
one from the other, and thus preventing friction, and although they are

page_text: firmly held by the elastic material, yet there is not sufficient resistance
to prevent them being easily withdrawn when required. The slabs of
wood or metal are fixed to the elastic material preferably by some
adhesive substance and the whole consolidated by pins or rivets. The
cartridge holder has in front a projection to prevent the cartridge from
coming into contact with the cover or case, and is of such shape that it
can be easily adapted to any existing cartridge case.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SHIPS' COMPASSES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Davis at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
September 1869.
I, JOHN HENRY DAVIS, of No. 16, Royal Crescent, Notting Hill, and
No. 134, Fenchurch Street, in the City of London, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SHIPS' COMPASSES,"
to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in ships' compasses.
In order that a compass may indicate any change which may take.
place in the deviation I construct it in the following manner :-I mount
concentrically within the compass bowl a ring frame carrying a toothed
wheel having, say, 90 or 180 teeth; this wheel gears with a toothed ring
fixed within the compass bowl and having 360 teeth; then by turning
the toothed wheel the ring will be rotated within the bowl and the
toothed wheel will make either two or four turns for each revolution
of the ring. The ring is graduated on its circumference, and has a
pivot upon it which supports a compass card of somewhat less than
half the diameter of the ring. The pivot and the axis of the toothed
wheel are on opposite sides of the centre of the ring, and these are all.
placed in a straight line, which is a diameter of the ring. In order to

page_text: reduce the wear on the pivots of compasses I surround the pivot with
a cup, into which I place mercury or other liquid, and on the part
resting on the pivot I fix a float of metal or other material, which
resting on the mercury or other liquid takes the weight off the pivot
to any extent which may be desired more or less according to the depth
of mercury or liquid in the cup.
AN IMPROVED SYSTEM OF RAILWAY WITH HELICOIDAL PROPULSION
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Alphonse Antoine Sax at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
29th May 1869.
I, ALPHONSE ANTOINE SAX, of Paris, France, Gentleman, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED SYSTEM OF
RAILWAY WITH HELICOIDAL PROPULSION," to be as follows:-
The Invention consists in establishing railways by means of a suitable
number of helixes connected endwise so as to form one continuous line
or way; each helix is formed of one or more bars or very stout wires of
iron or other suitable metal, and in the interior of the helix or helixes
are situated one or more cars, which may be caused to move forward or
backward by imparting to the helix a rapid revolving motion round its
axial line, for which reason I call this mode of propelling helicoidel
propulsion. The periphery of the wheels of the cars is provided with a
groove, by means of which the said wheels are allowed to roll along the
wire or bar of the helix, the weight of the cars keeping these latter in

page_text: the vertical position. Each helix is provided at its ends, with a
cylindrical boss, by means of which the helix is held in position and
allowed to revolve between friction rollers provided in suitable standards
or bearings. The rapid revolving motion is imparted to the helixes by
means of steam engines or other suitable motive power.
AN IMPROVED MODE OF ATTACHING OR SECURING THE FREE ENDS OF WIRE AND OTHER ROPES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Joseph Ellicott Holmes at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th July 1869.-A communication from abroad by Charles George
Lundborg, of Sodertelje, in the Kingdom of Sweden.
I, JOSEPH ELLICOTT HOLMES, of No. 12, Buckingham Street, Strand,
in the County of Middlesex, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED MODE OF ATTACHING OR SECURING
THE FREE ENDS OF WIRE AND OTHER ROPES," to be as follows:-
The object of the improved mode of attaching and securing or making
fast the free ends of wire and other ropes which constitutes this
Invention is to equalize the strain on the wires or strands, dispense
with knots and bends, render the attaching and securing operation more
facile, and the fastening more certain and secure. In place of knotting,
coiling, bending, or passing the end of the rope to be made fast round a
fixture in the usual way I pass the rope through a hole in a screw nut,
and then open out and turn up the ends of the wires or strands, splice
them over and between each other, filling up the spaces with separate
pieces or threads of wire, and thus form the end of the rope into
a conical shape; this conical or enlarged end is now passed into

page_text: a hollow cylinder of iron or other suitable material, and into the
space between the rope and the said iron cylinder I drive conical.
circular wedges of iron or other suitable material in one or more pieces
tightly down, when the nut or cover before mentioned which slides
freely along the rope is screwed down and thereby, if necessary, further
presses down or jambs the conical wedges, and keeps the whole securely
fixed within the cylinder. The other end of this cylinder can be made
to terminate with a hook, male or female screw, or an eye, or other
suitable coupling for securing it to the fixture.
AN IMPROVED. PORTABLE COOKING STOVE
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Drake at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th
December 1869.
I, CHARLES DRAKE, of No. 10, Vale Place, Hammersmith Road, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED.
PORTABLE COOKING STOVE," to be as follows:-
It is constructed for cooking in the interior, viz., chops, steaks, cutlets,
birds, fish, or other eatables; has a double or folding gridiron with or
without handles to drop in at the top between two troughs or fire-places
for charcoal or other smokeless fuel on each side of a drawer drawing
out in front or behind with handle or handles; under same is a tin or
other draw-out dripping pan or trough back or front. When birds or
other meat, fish, or other eatables are required to be cooked (roasted
or baked) the said gridiron is removed and a spit is substituted, as the
top of the stove can be opened or closed at pleasure. This spit can be
turned from time to time by the handle during the process of cooking,
and a contrivance by stops when the bird, meat, or other eatable is.

page_text: placed in it it can be shut up as an oven. It can be made of sheet iron
or other metal, with cast or wrought iron or other metal supports, bars,
joints, rivets, and stays, and the necessary handles are fixed or moveable,
of wood or metal, also a moveable or fixed sheet-iron bottom plate.. The
stove complete can be made of any size.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MANUFACTURE OF PULP SUITABLE FOR PAPER
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jean Jacques Gillet Damitte,
Joseph Marie Agnellet, and Hector Denis Dubois at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with their Petition, on the 17th March
1869.
We, JEAN JACQUES GILLET DAMITTE, JOSEPH MARIE AGNELLET, and
HECTOR DENIS DUBOIS, all of Paris, in the Empire of France, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MANUFACTURE OF PULP SUITABLE FOR PAPER," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in the employment of the plant known in
botany as the "galega officinalis" and "galega Orientalis" plant, and
in France as the galóga, Rue de Chèvre, Lavanèze or faux indigo plant
for the manufacture of pulp suitable for paper. The plant is prepared
and treated in a green state or in a dry state, in a similar manner to
other fibrous materials for the same purpose. This plant can also be
employed as the material direct or with the addition of rag pulp. This
plant from the root to the top and including the leaves can be used
in this manufacture.
IMPROVEMENTS IN DECORATING SURFACES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Emmott Cadman at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 30th March 1869.
I, WILLIAM EMMOTT CADMAN, of Holloway, in the County of
Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN DECORATING SURFACES," to be as follows:-
The improvements consist in backing up in close contact by means
of any suitable material, transparent or otherwise, having a design or
character printed, painted, or otherwise made thereon, transparent glass
globules, beads, or dust, or fragments of glass, or other transparent
material, in such manner that the design or character shows through
the transparent glass globules, and a crystalline effect suitable for
decorative purposes is obtained.
A convenient mode of performing the Invention is as follows:-I tako
a suitable piece of satin paper which may be white or tinted, and I print
or lithograph or otherwise make on it any design or character I wish.
I then coat it evenly with a spirit varnish, into which when I want
a rough surface I first introduce a sufficient quantity of finely powdered

page_text: glass and well mix; this gives a rough transparent adhesive surface,
on which before it is dry I sprinkle or cast transparent glass globules,
or beads, or dust, preferably without color; I then by means of a glass
plate or otherwise press and move the globules or beads so that they
lie flat and evenly and no one on another, and when dry the backing
with its design and the adhering transparent globules is ready for usc.
The design shows through the globules on which the light plays, so
that a crystalline effect is produced, and it can now be mounted,
covered with glass if needful, and used for any purpose desired.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS FOR BURNING PARAFFIN OIL & OTHER HYDRO- CARBON OLLS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Bishop at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd.
July 1869.
I, SAMUEL BISHOP, of Great Saint Helens, in the County of Lancashire,
Glass Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LAMPS FOR BURNING PARAFFIN OIL & OTHER HYDRO-
CARBON OLLS," to be as follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in lamps for burning.
paraffin oil and other hydrocarbon oils. In order to cause paraffin lamps.
to burn more steadily, especially when exposed to a current of air, I
cause the air to supply the flame to pass down outside the chimney
of the lamp and between it and the globe or glass shade with which the
chimney is surrounded. I attach a metal disc or cup to the ordinary
burner of the lamp just below the holes by which air is admitted
around the wick. In the disc or cup there are no holes or openings for
air to pass through, and upon this disc or cup the globe or other external
glass outside the chimney rests. By this means all the air for the
combustion of the lamp is obliged to pass down between the glass
chimney and the outer globe or external glass, which arrangement

page_text: produces in consequence a much steadier flame when the lamp is
exposed to a current of air: Care must be taken to have sufficient
space for the air to pass between the glass chimney and the outer glass,
which quantity of air and space necessarily varies with the size of the
burner and the quantity of oil to be consumed in a given time. The lamp
with my arrangement generally burns best when the external glass is
taller than the glass chimney:
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MATHEMATICAL INSTRUMENTS TO BE EMPLOYED FOR SCRIBING OR DRAWING GEOMETRICAL LINES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Jones and Thomas
Sheffield at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 25th May 1869.
We, WILLIAM JONES and THOMAS SHEFFIELD, both of Manchester,
in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MATHEMATICAL INSTRUMENTS TO BE
EMPLOYED FOR SCRIBING OR DRAWING GEOMETRICAL LINES," to be as follows:-
"The improvements are designed for the purpose of enabling straight
or curvilinear line to be drawn by workmen in the ornamentation of
rooms or for other purposes with ease and facility without smearing or
wasting the colour upon the edge of the rule employed as a guide.
The improvements consist in providing the straight edge or rule to
be employed as a guide for the form of line required with a groove or
channel running parallel to and near the straight or curvilinear edge
of the rule or guiding piece. The brush, pencil, crayon, or other
instrument employed for drawing the line required is provided with a
cranked or bent finger projecting therefrom in such a manner that when
it is, required to draw a line the crank or projecting bent finger of

page_text: the instrument is placed in the groove or other equivalent of the guide
piece, the brush or other instrument is by this means prevented from
coming into contact with the edge of the ruler or guiding piece as it is
kept by the projecting finger a short distance therefrom, the direction of
the line being governed by the groove or other equivalent of the guiding
piece in contradistinction to such line or lines being governed by the
edge of the rule as hitherto..
IMPROVEMENTS IN BUFFING RAILWAY CARRIAGES, AND IN MATERIALS FOR THE SAME, WHICH IS ALSO APPLICABLE FOR SPRINGS GENERALLY
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Saunders at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th July
1869.
I, ROBERT SAUNDERS, of Croydon, in the County of Surrey, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BUFFING
RAILWAY CARRIAGES, AND IN MATERIALS FOR THE SAME, WHICH IS ALSO APPLICABLE
FOR SPRINGS GENERALLY," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in improvements in the method for buffing
railway carriages, and in the use of materials for deadening concussions
on railway stock generally. The same material is also applicable for
the same object in connection with other vehicles, as well as for arresting
sudden shocks upon various tackling, whether for the use of ships or
otherwise.
This Invention relates to the application of one or more buffers
at the ends of railway carriages above the line of those now in use,
so as to keep the carriages parallel to the rails in case of collision,
and thus to prevent the usual damage caused by the tipping or canting
process which ensues. One line of buffers about half way down from
the line of roof may be adapted or one central buffer at the top to act
in unison with those below.

page_text: In substitution of the material at present used for buffers and springs
for railway stock I prefer to use animal or vegetable fibres, the same
to be mechanically treated either in combination with other elastic
products or alone, giving preference however to the fibres of the palm
tribe, such as those from the husk of the cocoa nut. This I prefer to
mass into discs or blocks of the required shape and proportions, and
these I prefer to divide by washers of any compact material, such as
wood, iron, or other, so as to give greater stability when under extreme
pressure. The same fibrous material converted into discs or otherwise,
as before described, is also applicable as springs for vehicles generally,
as well as in connection with tackling for ships to arrest jerks and
sudden strains upon their cables, windlass stoppers, and other parts.
AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF SALTS OF AMMONIA PROM AMMONIACAL GAS LIQUOR
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert John Everett at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
30th October 1869.
I, ROBERT JOHN EVERETT, of West IIam, in the County of Essex,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED
PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF SALTS OF AMMONIA PROM AMMONIACAL GAS
LIQUOR," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to enable the proprietors of small gas
works to utilize their ammoniacal liquor instead of burning it or other-
wise destroying it. The plan now generally adopted for getting rid of
the ammoniacal liquor is to evaporate it, which results in the entire loss
of the ammonia therein contained. Now the intention of this Invention
is to avoid this loss and save the ammonia by treating the liquor referred to
with as much crystallized or anhydrous sulphate of iron (green copperas)
as it can decompose, the result of such decomposition being sulphate of
ammonia in solution and a precipitate of oxide and sulphide of iron.
In carrying out this Invention an oblong wrought-iron pan is the only
plant required, which is constructed with a division in the centre thereof;
one-half of the said pan is formed considerably deeper than the other

page_text: half, and the pan is so fixed that the waste heat from the retort fires
passes under it. Into the deepest portion of the pan (which is placed
furthest from the heat) green copperas is introduced and the ammoniacal
liquor added until the copperas is decomposed. The iron precipitate
then being allowed to settle the clear solution of sulphate of ammonia
is then run off into the other division of the pan by means of taps
properly arranged, and evaporated down into the salt in the usual
manner. In consequence of a certain amount of the sulphate of
ammonia solution being retained in the moist iron precipitated it will be
found advisable when removing the iron precipitate to pass through it
by some convenient method the ammoniacal liquor intended for the
next operation, by which means the whole of the sulphate of ammonia
produced is rendered available.
The above process can be still further simplified if thought proper by
using a shallow pan only in which the copperas is decomposed as above
described, and the resulting mixture so formed evaporated to dryness
without separation, by which means a compound is formed containing from
about 40 or 50 per cent. of sulphate of ammonia, in which form it would
be readily marketable. The sulphuretted hydrogen of the gas liquor being
by this process decomposed there is no disagreable smell attending the
operation. By using muriate of iron instead of sulphate of iron muriate
of ammonia can be produced without any deviation from the above
process.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SUGAR REFINING
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Robey at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 12th
May 1869.
I, JAMES ROBEY, of the Victoria Sugar Refinery, of Newcastle-under-
Lyme, in the County of Stafford, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SUGAR REFINING," to be as follows:-
In the operation of sugar refining the syrups and sweet waters from
which some descriptions of sugar are made are sometimes contaminated
with the presence of iron to such an extent that the sugars so made
cause tea, or any liquid containing tannin or gallo-tannic acids, to turn
black from the precipitation of the iron by the action of such tannin
or gallo-tannic acid, and the result is that such sugars are termed
unsound, and are often the source of much annoyance and loss to the
refiners and to the trade.
The object of this Invention is to prevent the occurrence of iron and
other impurities in the syrups and sweet waters of a sugar refinery,
and when present to precipitate and remove the same, and also to
prevent the occurrence of those conditions of the liquors, syrups, or

page_text: sweet waters, such as lactic acid, fermentation, or other changes which
so readily take place and cause iron to be dissolved from the charcoal
or iron vessels through which the liquids pass in the ordinary process
of refining.
Now this Invention consists in the use and application of a decoction
of tannin or gallo-tannic acid, prepared in any suitable way from oak
bark, valonias, or other vegetable products, (which may be prepared in
the same manner as the tannin used by tanners,) and which is mixed in
suitable proportions with the unsound syrups, sweet waters, or raw
sugar in the melting pan or blow up, and melted in the usual way.
When thoroughly melted lime or lime water, or any suitable alkaline
earth or alkaline substance should be added in sufficient quantity to
neutralize acidity, by which means the tannate or gallo-tannate of iron
formed is precipitated in a more floculent form, and the tannic portion
of the vegetable acids have the further valuable effect of coagulating
the gelatinous glutinous principles present in low or raw sugars. The
melted mixture is then passed through the ordinary filter, which retains
the precipitate and thus prevents it re-entering the charcoal, and the
filtered fluid is afterward run upon the charcoal in the usual way.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR VENTILATING APARTMENTS, PASSAGES, AND OTHER PLACES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Pim at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 28th April
1869.
I, JOHN PIм, of Finsbury Circus, in the City of London, Gentleman,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR VENTILATING APARTMENTS, PASSAGES, AND OTHER PLACES," to be
as follows:-
The apparatus is preferably made somewhat in the form of an
umbrella, in order that it may be expanded and raised to the upper part
of the apartment and be moved about therein, whereby the vitiated
air in the upper part of the chamber becomes broken up and dispersed,
fresh air at the same time taking its place. When the apparatus is not
required for use it can be closed up and preserved. When desirable the
apparatus can be expanded and closed by hand while it is being moved
about.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY FISH PLATES AND THE MODE OF FIXING THE SAME
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Chapman at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 19th
April 1869.
I, ROBERT CHAPMAN, of Berwick Place, Bellevue, Shrewsbury, in the
County of Salop, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN RAILWAY FISH PLATES AND THE MODE
OF FIXING THE SAME," to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to prevent the screw bolts of railway
fish plates and the nuts on them from working loose, and I accomplish
this by having a ledge or projection made on the outside of that fish
plate against which the nut presses in such a position that when the
nut is in its place and pressing against the fish plate the ledge or
projection prevents it from turning round. The best way of forming such
projections is to construct the fish plate with a ledge on its outer
surface running lengthwise under or over (I prefer under) the holes
through which the screw bolts pass, and at such a distance from them
as to come against the sides of the nuts when screwed up and square
with the ledge or projection. In fixing the fish plate or tightening the
screw bolts the head of the screw bolt must be held until the nut is

page_text: screwed up sufficiently to press against the ledge or other projection,
after that the screw bolt must be turned, the nut being prevented
from turning by the ledge or projection. In order to prevent the
bolts from turning round and working loose I use the same kind
of fish plate as above described on the side of the bolt heads. The
heads of the bolts must be made sufficiently small or the ledge at
such a distance from the holes as not to be prevented turning
round by the ledge on the fish plate. Each edge of the inner side of
the bolt head is bevelled off. When the bolts are screwed up they must
be left with one side of the head parallel to the ledge on the fish plate.
A piece of iron with one edge bevelled so as to fit tightly into the
space left between the fish plate and the under side of the bolt head
by the bevelling of the latter, and wide enough to wedge tightly between
the bolt head and the ledge on the fish plate, is driven in between the
latter and the bolt head, and until this is removed the bolt cannot be
turned round.
Another mode which I adopt for preventing the bolts from working
loose is to make two perforations through the bolt heads at right angles
to each other, and when the bolts are screwed up I pass a wire through
the most horizontal perforation in each bolt head and bend the ends
down to keep the wire in its place.
The above mode of performing my Invention may be varied by con-
structing and fastening the nuts in the same way as the bolt heads are
above described to be constructed and fastened, and constructing and
fastening the bolt heads in the same way as the nuts are above described
to be constructed and fastened, but in this case the mode above described
of fastening the bolt heads by a wire passing through them would not be
applicable.
IMPROVEMENTS IN PUTTING TWIST INTO SLIVER OR YARN FROM THE FLYER EYE TO THE FRONT ROLLERS OF FRAMES FOR COTTON, WOOLLEN, OR OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Rawsthorne at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th December 1869.
I, THOMAS RAWSTHORNE, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster,
Cotton Spinner, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PUTTING TWIST INTO SLIVER OR YARN FROM THE FLYER
EYE TO THE FRONT ROLLERS OF FRAMES FOR COTTON, WOOLLEN, OR OTHER FIBROUS
SUBSTANCES," to be as follows:-
The weight and length of sliver or yarn between the top of the flyer
and front of rollers is so great that the present action of the flyer does
not twist it between these two points, there is consequently a loss of
material used for want of twisting close up to front rollers, as also a
frequent breakage of sliver or yarn.
My Invention overcomes these evils, which I effect in the following
manner: In the eye of the flyer I fix a projection or projections, or I
cut a notch or notches inside, so that at the motion of the flyer such
projections or notches coming in contact with the sliver or yarn takes it
with it to some extent and twisting it up to front rollers. The front row
of flyers are much nearer the rollers than the back ones, there is con-

page_text: sequently a shorter length of sliver or yarn with the same twist in it
as in back row, this being the case the twist runs close up to rollers,
catching all the fibres that come through the rollers, this causes less
breakages, and the sliver or yarn is coarser from the front row. Usualy
the back row being a litle finer then the front causes an iregularity in
the wrapping of the sliver or yarn.
My improvements as above will put twist into both back and front row
equaly up to front rollers.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR COMMUNICATING BETWEEN THE GUARD, ENGINE DRIVER, AND PASSENGERS IN RAILWAY TRAINS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Kinard Baghott Edwards at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 10th February 1869.
I, KINARD BAGHOTT EDWARDS, of 65, Claverton Street, in the County
of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR COMMUNICATING BETWEEN THE GUARD, ENGINE
DRIVER, AND PASSENGERS IN RAILWAY TRAINS," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in certain arrangements by which com-
munication is gained without connexion.
I employ the agency of explosive compound or other force whereby
a ball or other body may be thrown or ejected from one carriage to
another as a means of communication between different portions of
a train.
My shot or explosive apparatus herein-after described is to be used in,
conjunction with a chain or cord communicating with each of the
several compartments into which any carriage may be divided for the
purpose of enabling the occupants in any portion of the train to com-.
municate with the guard or driver by pulling such chain or cord.

page_text: My shot or explosive apparatus may be fixed either above or below
the body of each railway carriage, and may be constructed in form to
resemble a fire-arm, having a short barrel before and behind, the load
chamber being placed in the centre, so that on explosion a ball may be
simultaneously ejected, both in front and behind, parallel with the train,
and in the direct line of the apparatus fixed to the adjoining carriage on
either side, each of which apparatus it will strike with sufficient force to
cause them to discharge their contents in like manner to the next
carriage, and so on from carriage to carriage throughout the train, and
ultimately to the whistle, bell, or other signal that may be attached to
the guard's van and engine tender.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF VELOCIPEDES, AND IN THE MANNER OF DRIVING AND GUIDING THEM
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Charles Denbeigh at the Office-
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
June 1869.
I, CHARLES DENBEIGH, of 18, Ironmonger Lane, Cheapside,. in the City
of London, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of
the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF VELOCIPEDES,
AND IN THE MANNER OF DRIVING AND GUIDING THEM," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in the mode or manner by which velocipedes
may be driven by a crank or bent axis joining two driving wheels, by
which means the vehicle is propelled by the use of the arms and hands. of
the driver. The form of velocipede I prefer is one with three wheels, two
in the front on the bent axis or crank, about four feet each in diameter,
and a third wheel placed at a convenient distance behind and opposite
the centre of the axis of the front or driving wheels, the third wheel
to be connected to a lever placed under the feet of the driver for the
purpose of guiding the velocipede by the third or guide wheel.
The object of this Invention is to enable the driver of a velocipede to
sit as nearly as possible under and between the bearings of the driving

page_text: wheels. The propelling is effected in a similar manner to the turning of
..
a windlass. The seat is protected by a box similar to a sedan chair,
except that the axis is above instead of below the driver, in order to
protect the person of the driver from injury, and provide a velocipede
adapted for the use of ladies and invalids.
A NOVEL CONSTRUCTION OF Box FOR HOLDING MATCHES AND OTHER ARTICLES
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
27th March 1869.-A communication from abroad by Jules Trottier,
of 39, Faubourg St. Martin, Paris, France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son, of
No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A
NOVEL CONSTRUCTION OF Box FOR HOLDING MATCHES AND OTHER ARTICLES,"
communication to me from abroad by Jules Trottier, of 39, Faubourg St.
Martin, Paris, France, to be as follows:-
The box, the subject of this Invention, may be made of metal, wood,
cardboard, or any suitable material, and may have a cylindrical, square,
rectangular, oval, or any shaped body made by soldering, clasping,
stamping, or otherwise. The bottom and the lid are formed of two
similar pieces, each acting indifferently as bottom or lid, and are con-
nected together by a piece of india-rubber, or by any kind of spring.

page_text: The principle upon which this Invention is based is that the bottom and
the lid are kept in place without clamp, joint, or hinge. Nevertheless
the bottom may, if desired, be fixed to the body, and the lid only be
moveable.
CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN DOORS FOR FURNACES OF LOCOMOTIVE AND OTHER BOILERS
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Myers at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 8th
May 1869.
I, HENRY MYERS, of Miles Platting, near the City of Manchester,
in the County of Lancaster, Out-door Locomotive Inspector, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
DOORS FOR FURNACES OF LOCOMOTIVE AND OTHER BOILERS," to be as follows:-
My improvement consists in making the doors of locomotive and
other furnaces to slide in a vertical direction in place of opening on
hinges, or being made in two halves and sliding in a horizontal direction.
In performing my Invention I make use of a solid plate door sliding
in a suitable frame attached to the face plate of the locomotive, or
to the front plate of the boiler furnace, the door is moved in a vertical
direction by means of a lever or other equivalent. The upper edge of
the door may be made straight, but I prefer to make it in the shape
of a hollow curve, so that when the door is partly open the current
of air entering the furnace may be guided by the ordinary deflector
plate lower at the centre of the fire than at the sides.

page_text: The object of this Invention is to facilitate the feeding of the firc,
and also to allow a current of air of the whole width of the opening
to pass over the top of the door (so long as the door is left partially
open), by which means fuel is economized and the smoke thoroughly
consumed. It is evident that the amount of air admitted over the
door may be regulated at pleasure by simply sliding the door higher
or lower, and that when the door is entirely up the air is excluded
from the furnace as usual.
A NOVEL CONSTRUCTION OF VEHICLE FOR LOCOMOTION BY LAND AND WATER
Year: 1869

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the.
14th September 1869. - A communication from abroad by Charles
Devauchelle, of Pantin, near Paris, France.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of the Firm of John Gedge and Son,
of No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand, in the County of Middlesex, Patent
Agent, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NOVEL
CONSTRUCTION OF VEHICLE FOR LOCOMOTION BY LAND AND WATER," a communi-
cation to me from abroad by Charles Devauchelle, of Pantin, near Paris,
France, to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to transform a carriage into a boat,
and vice versa, at pleasure, whether for commercial or manufacturing
purposes, or for amusement, and for the navigation of lakes, rivers, or
any other nautico-terrestrial locomotion.
The construction of the vehicle the subject of this Invention is
illustrated on the accompanying Sheet of Drawing, the vehicle is termed
a boat carriage, and is composed of a steam engine A intended to set
in motion on land the wheels of the mixed or composite carriage, and on

page_text: water the screw by which the boat is navigated.
Of a mixed or
composite body B forming boat carriage the land and water represented
at H, G, indicate the relative position of its parts as carriage or as
boat. C indicates the position starboard or larboard of a folding ladder
to serve for embarking and disembarking when the vehicle is on the
water, or as steps for getting into or out of the carriage when on land.
Of a superstructure D intended to shelter the persons occupying the
vehicle it may be in the form of a carriage hood, as shown, or of any
other convenient shape. The balance levers E indicate the position
which the wheels of the carriage must occupy when in and out of gear;
these shifting wheels F, F, are governed by the steam engine.
The steam engine may be replaced by any other suitable motive power,
paddles be substituted in lieu of the screw, and other details be modified
while preserving the main characteristic of the Invention, that is to say,
the combination of boat and carriage.