Process of and Machinery for the Manufacture of Ornamental and other Bricks and Tiles in a Quick and Continuous Manner.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 2nd Mar., 1893—Accepted, 17th June, 1893
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Process of and Machinery for the Manufacture of Ornamental and
other Bricks and Tiles in a Quick and Continuous Manner.
I, PETER JENSEN of 77 Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Chartered
Patent Agent do hereby declare the nature of this invention (a communication
to me from abroad by Martin Korth of Stotzheim, near Euskirchen, in Rhenish
Prussia, Engineer) and in what manner the same is to be performed to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
The annexed drawing illustrates the process of and the machine for manu-
facturing ornamental facing bricks and wall tiles in Figs. 1-6, and the machine
for manufacturing roof tiles in Figs. 7-11. Fig. 1. is a transverse section of the
first named machine which has an under frame a and an upper frame b; Fig. 2 is
an end view.
This machine is erected before the mouth piece of the continuous press or
delivery machine and in front of it is fixed the cutting-off apparatus of the
continuous press or delivery machine, so that the machine is to be placed between
the continuous press or delivery machine and the cutting-off apparatus.
The clay then runs over the table c on the cutting-off apparatus and on this the
facing bricks and tiles are cut off crosswise. The table c is provided with grooves
for water, and covered with bands of metal sheets, so that the clay when pouring
water over the table moves smoothly on without sticking fast. The standards c'
fix the table to the under frame a, though the first may be disconnected from it
and be quickly replaced upon it. care rails at both sides of the table in order
to ensure a straight delivery and following cross-cutting of the facing bricks and
tiles. As soon as the clay leaves the press to glide upon the table c it presses.
itself through under the cylinder d' and between the lateral cylinders d² and d³
which three cylinders by this pressure receive a rotary motion because the delivery
is and must be wider than the opening between the cylinders.
By the manufacture of tiles the upper cylinder only is to be provided with
engraved designs which are pressed upon the outcoming bar of clay the
cylinders and only serve to transport the movement of the delivery to the
upper cylinder.
They are provided with teeth that enter the clay which they compress whilst a
bevel wheel gearing e gives a rotary motion to the upper cylinder d' which in the
case of plain tiles would not revolve but remain motionless on the clay.
In the manufacture of facing bricks the three cylinders are all provided with
engraved designs as the facing brick should receive pressure on three sides if it is
to be employed as a corner stone.
As the bevel gearing causes a uniform rotation of the cylinders, the engraving
of the upper face corresponds with those of the side faces.
The cylinders d' d d turn with their axles on conical steel screws or centres f
which gives them the easiest movement. These steel screws are fitted in the upper
frame and are fixed by check-nuts. The width of the upper frame for cylinder d¹
is large enough to allow any width of cylinder, so that two facing tiles at once may
be shaped one beside the other.
Now, as in the case of a deeper or wider cylinder d' the lateral cylinders d²
and must be removed back, the frame must be provided with slots as shown in
the detail views Figs. 5 and 6. In these rectangular slots the sliding pieces g move
to and fro, allowing the cylinders to range according to requirements. These slides
consist of two parts and are fixed by the screws a when the cylinders are put in
their place. The screw is the conical steel screw f of Fig. 1.
in Fig. 1. is a water tank with cocks for throwing water upon the cylinders.
The under frame a has at a¹ inner grooves for the upper frame to be put upon it,

page_text: and to be moved up and down by screws a² and fixed by screws a³. Hence the
entire machine is adjustable so as to allow any size of brick or tile to be manu-
factured by it.
Fig. 3. is an end view of the anterior part of the machine and shows at a* the
under frame and at the frame with its stretched wires /* and b¹.
As the delivery or outcoming clay bar must have a sufficient thickness in order
to develop the necessary power for driving the cylinders, the tiles and plates may
be cut by the wire at any required thickness as this wire is adjustable in height.
As the frame with its adjustable wire is fixed upon the under frame Fig. 2, and the
clay is forced through, the plates or tiles are cut automatically. The wires b³
serve to cut the sides of the tiles or plates so as to cut away the indents of the
conveying cylinders.
When the plates or tiles are cut on the cut off apparatus, they are removed and
the remainder of the clay thrown back in the clay-press.
The cylinders d, Fig. 1, are made as follows:-
On the shaft d', pierced discs, as shown in Fig. 4, are keyed, and these discs are
held and screwed together by an iron drum di provided with riveted rods d G
having screw-thread at their head ends. The drum is about one or one and a half
inches distant from the outer rim of the discs and in this ring space is a layer d¹e of
best gypsum with the designs on.
By this construction of the cylinders whereby the centre of gravity lies in
the outer rim, which causes a favourable lever action, as well as the rotation of the
cylinder upon conical steel points, cause them to rotate easily, and only enables the
machine by this to work in the right manner, hence an easy and smooth motion
under heavy pressure, or a uniform rotation and pressure upon the engravings.
Fig. 7 is a transverse sectional view of the machine for manufacturing roof tiles.
a is the frame of the machine on which are mounted the polygonal cylinders (1
and 62. These cylinders have each on their chamfered surfaces as shown in
Figs. 8 and 9 the cross section form of a roof tile, the upper cylinder forming the
upper side and the lower cylinder the lower side of the roof tile by means of
suitably formed plates moulded in gypsum. In order to secure a good fitting of
the two chases steel pieces c are screwed to both sides of the cylinders and catch
the steel pieces of the upper cylinder the corresponding depth of the lower one
working as a gear as shown in the end views Figs. 8 and 9..
The cylinders and 2 are on the spots where the tiles touch one another
provided with sharp conical steel edges which cut off the tiles automatically. The
head ends of the tiles are cut off by the sharp edge b' a of the upper cylinder and
the tiles leave the machine quite ready for use.
The lower cylinder 62 rotates in bearings d of the frame a by means of gearing ef
and g moved by hand or power. This cylinder gives at the same time motion to
the upper cylinder by means of the steel gearing pieces c. This upper cylinder
must move up and down during the rotation because the chamfered faces press one
against the other. This reciprocating movement of the cylinder 6' is allowed for
by slots in the framing a and the spring sector passing through slots in the frame a
as shown in Figs 10 and 11 submit the roof tiles to a sufficient pressure. This
pressure may be got also by making the upper cylinder of massive iron pressing
the tiles by its own weight.
b
This machine may also be used for manufacturing plates if instead of tile
forms plate forms are pressed in.
The process of Burton has something similar with the above described process in
the position of the cylinders. But the construction of the machines, the manner
of starting them, the manner of running them and manufacturing bricks and
tiles, viz., the perfection of them, and the work and effect are quite different from
those of Burton's machines.
According to the process of Burton described in his Patent Specification
No. 12645 of 1849 there are no facing bricks, tiles or plates with any designs,.
manufactured.

page_text: Burton cuts the clay at the mouth, and then rolls the cut off pieces, further cach
pressed piece has to be worked up, or cut to the right size, which my process
does not, because the clay in my machine continuously runs through the cylinders,
and I do not cut the clay bar at the mouth, but after running it through the
machine. Burton pulled the clay forward by the cylinders, my process gives
rotation to the cylinders by the pressure and forward motion of the delivery or
outcoming bar of clay.
Burton drives his machine by a shaft, or by the rotary motion of a shaft.
Now, as the bar of clay leaves the mouth with a variable speed, depending upon
the quantity of clay supplied to the press, and cylinders moved by shafts have a
uniform speed, the designs as well as the plates and bricks will with a greater
speed of the clay bar become elongated, and in the other case when the cylinders
move faster than the delivered clay runs, the designs will be torn off and will not
appear at all at the surface of the tiles or bricks.
As with tiles, plates and bricks a great accuracy is required it is evident that
Burton could not in this way succeed to make a good product and was obliged to
press the clay piece by piece.
The chief peculiarity which distinguishes easily both machines is the following:
1 do not want any power, for acting on the shaft, and moving my machine
with a view to manufacture tiles, plates or facing bricks, but use for that purpose
the power of the clay delivered by the mouth of the press.
Therefore the delivery or clay bar itself moves my machine, in consequence of
its pressure against the cylinders. This feature is the reason of my obtaining a
uniform and soleable product, for if the delivery goes fast, the cylinders rotate fast,
if slow they rotate slowly, which is a quite different operation.
The machine for manufacturing roof tiles, illustrated by Figs. 7 to 11, I move of
course by transmission wheels or gearing, but Burton is not the man who invented
this.
As in my machine for facing tiles and bricks the clay is delivered with the
same speed as when making plain facing bricks, the same daily quantity of tiles
may be got as facing bricks. If I allow one tile at a time to leave the
machine make 15-18,000 and if two some 30,000 plates a day, whence I may
call my process
"wholesale manufacture," which hitherto has never been carried
out in the manufacture of such plastic forms.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. In manufacturing tiles or facing bricks with designs in relief (either haut-
relief or bas-relief): the introduction of a design press between the delivery
mouth of any ordinary or already known press of this kind and a cutting-off
apparatus also of any known description.
2. In a design press between the delivery mouth of any ordinary or already
known press for making tiles, or facing bricks, and a cutting off apparatus of any
known description the actuating of the design press not by any separate power,
shafting or gearing, but by the power of the clay leaving the delivery mouth of
the first named press, running between three cylinders having on their faces
the corresponding designs and projecting parts and serving to press or print the
required designs in or on the tiles, or bricks while being pushed forward by the
clay delivered by the preceding press.
3. The constructions of machines described with reference to the drawings.
Dal L
11
JENSEN & SON,
77, Chancery Lane, London, W.C., Patent Agents.