Improvements in Petroleum and Gas Motors.
Year: 1892

page_text: Date of Application, 18th May, 1892
Complete Specification Left, 20th Dec., 1892-Accepted, 4th Feb., 1893
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Petroleum and Gas Motors.
I, ALWIN BEUGGER of Winterthur, Switzerland, residing at Rewentlowsgade
No. 18 Copenhagen, Denmark, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
This invention has reference to improvements in petroleum and gas motors which
improvements are especially applicable to portable motors but are also applicable
to stationary motors, and partly to all motors in which the motive power is
produced by explosion of a mixture of atmospheric air and gas or vaporized
hydrocarbons.
The accompanying drawings illustrate a portable four-stroke-cycle motor
according to this invention in which the piston is first driven downward by the
explosion in the cylinder, whereupon the piston in its following upstroke expels the
gases of combustion, then in its next downstroke draws in explosive mixture
and finally in the following upstroke compresses the charge, whereupon the next
explosion takes place.
Fig. 1 is a side elevation; and
Fig. 2 a vertical section;
Fig. 3 is a side elevation partly in section of the motor mounted on a vehicle.
The remaining figs. illustrate details of the motor.
This invention relates partly to means whereby it is rendered possible to use
ordinary petroleum instead of naphtha which has heretofore been usually
employed for working motors. Ordinary petroleum has not hitherto been
generally employed owing to the fact that petroleum must be highly heated,
immediately on entering the motor cylinder, in order to be completely vaporized,
which is essential in order that complete combustion may be subsequently effected.
and that the interior of the cylinder and the passages, ports and valves may be:
kept free froin soot and other residues and a high degree of efficiency obtained..
According to this invention the body or spindle d', Figs. 2 and 6, of the valve,
through which the explosive mixture is drawn into the cylinder, is made in the
form of a tube closed at its outer end, and open at its inner end. The valve spindle
is thus constantly filled with the products of combustion of the preceding explosion,
which tend to counteract the cooling of the valve spindle by the, passage through.
the valve of the strong cold current of the explosive mixture from the supply.
pipe Fig. 2 during the suction stroke of the piston 6, so that. the explosive..
mixture is more or less heated in its passage through the same. The relative
positions of the inlet and outlet valves are such that the explosive mixture is still
further heated by being caused to pass, after it has passed through the passage d
Figs 2 and 6, which is only cooled thereby to a slight extent, over the surface of.
the outlet valve that is turned towards the interior of the cylinder, which,surface..
is brought by the outgoing products of combustion to a very high temperature....
In Fig. 2. the inlet valve is shown arranged next to the outlet valve and the
explosive mixture is led through the bent or curved passage d³ over, the heated;
surface of the outlet valve.
.
The modification shown in Fig. 5 in which the outlet valve, fis approximately.
under the inlet valve, ensures a still greater heating of the mixture than is the case,
with the arrangement shewn in Fig. 2.
It should be noted that the entire cover of the cylinder 6 through which the
explosive mixture flows, cooled only to a very slight extent, that this cooling is
mainly effected by the inflowing mixture, and that particularly in the arrangement
in Fig. 5 where the inflow is exactly opposite to the outflow, but takes place through..

page_text: the same passage d-the heat given off during the outflow of the hot gases of
combustion to the walls of the passages and valve bodies, is immediately afterwards
taken up by the fresh incoming explosive mixture, whereby a complete vaporization
of the petroleum, which is carried in in the form of spray, and a cooling of the
outlet valve, which is not otherwise cooled, is effected, and the said outlet valve is
prevented from acquiring a temperature so high as to cause spontaneous ignition
at the wrong time.
To enable the drawings to be better understood, it may be stated that Fig 2
is the cock by means of which the flow of atmospheric air from the pipe to the
supply pipe d is regulated. The pipe d may open either into the atmosphere or
inside the casing of the centrifugal blower a'. This pipe has for object only to
damp or deaden the noise caused by the inflow of air drawn into the cylinder bl.
g is the inner end of the petroleum supply pipe 92 (Fig. 1). The petroleum is
sprayed on its entry into the pipe d by the strong air current in the mixing pipe d²
during the period of suction.
Fig. 6, shows the inlet valve with its passage din vertical section and to a
larger scale.
From the outlet valve the gases of combustion are led through the pipe f³, Fig. 3,
to a vessel where they can be employed for heating purposes, and whence they
pass through a chimney f*.
The outlet valve is opened at the proper time by the cam 6, Fig. 1, on the valve-
operating shaft, the arrangement being such that the cam 6 presses against the
roller of the vertically movable rod f which is connected by a lever with the
valve. The two spiral springs f" draw the rod f* down again when the roller f
is not acted on by the cam 66, and so close the valve.
In addition to a large reservoir for ordinary petroleum, a smaller reservoir for
naphtha may also be located on the motor vehicle. Pipes with cocks lead from
the two reservoirs to the supply pipe of the injection pomp or feed pump of the
motor, which feeds the petroleum through the above mentioned pipe to the
cylinder or to the pipe . In starting the motor the cock of the pipe leading
from the naphtha reservoir is opened, whilst the cock of the pipe leading from the
petroleum reservoir is closed, so that the motor, so long as the cylinder is cold, is
first fed with naphtha. But as soon as the cylinder has become sufficiently hot the
cock of the petroleum pipe is opened, and the other cock is closed, so that the
motor is then fed with ordinary petroleum.
Another part of this invention relates to the means for igniting the charge. It
is important, in portable motors especially, to avoid the use of a naked flame for
igniting the explosive mixture in the cylinder, as the action of a flame is greatly
dependent upon external conditions such as wind and weather. This is effected
according to this invention by means of the igniting device which is shown in
detail in Fig. 8, in vertical longitudinal section, and which may be employed with
great advantage with every kind of gas or petroleum motor.
This igniting device comprises a chamber ', Figs. 2, 6 and 8, screwed into the
cover of the cylinder or into the inlet passage for air and petroleum or gas, within
which chamber and embedded in a heat-insulating asbestos packing ², Fig. 8, is a
double cone of porcelain or other fire proof material which is also a bad
conductor of heat. This double cone is traversed throughout its entire length by
passages, as indicated in dotted lines in Fig. 8, and in the cross sections of the cone
in Figs. 9 and 10, the cross sectional areas of which diminish from the centre
towards both ends. Into the outer end of the chamber is screwed a metál tube /*
which is closed at its other end by a screw plug h that can be screwed to a greater
or less extent into the tube, for the purpose of regulating the moment of
explosion.
At its other end the chamber is in constant communication with the interior
of the cylinder through the passage d³ Figs. 2 and 6. Since the gases of com-
bustion or the gaseous products of explosion remain in the igniting apparatus
during the exhaust period, the porcelain cone is constantly subjected to the

page_text: direct action of the heat of explosion, and will become highly heated and red hot
during the operation of the motor. During the compression of the charge in the
cylinder the combustion gases filling the igniting chamber and the tube are
compressed to an extent such that the charge at the end of the compression comes
into contact with the highly heated parts of the igniter, and explosion takes place.
By screwing the screw plug in or out, the space within the tube h can be
altered, whereby the moment of explosion can be regulated.
As protection for the igniting apparatus. there serves a tube / internally lined
with asbestos, and attached to the motor cylinder. In order to start the engine,
the tube can be heated by the flame of any ordinary soldering lamp h³ Fig. 1,
which is fixed on a movable frame h on the jacket a', in such a manner that the
flame can be directed against the ignition tube . A suitable opening h¹ Fig. 8, is
formed for the flame in the lower part of the tube and the draught passes
from the flame out at the open end of the tube h'.
By means of the handle " Fig. 1, the tube can be removed and replaced
during the operation of the engine. In order to facilitate and accelerate the
starting of the engine, the lamp h³ may only be used to heat a simple auxiliary
ignition tube Fig. 8, arranged laterally or beneath the ignition chamber proper /,
instead of the main ignition tube h*.
This auxiliary ignition tube opens at one end into the cylinder b¹ or passage d³
Fig. 2, and is closed at its outer end. By reason of its small mass, it can be heated
up very quickly by the lamp 8, the time required to heat it up being about 3rd of
the time required to heat up the igniting apparatus proper . Furthermore the
wear and tear of the tube is so reduced by the use of the auxiliary tube h¹³, that
frequent renewal of the igniting apparatus (ignition chamber) is not necessary.
The auxiliary tube " can be renewed much more cheaply and easily than the main
ignition tube /*. If the engine is to be started at once, an electrical igniting
device may be employed with advantage, until the porcelain body h³ is sufficiently
heated by the working of the engine alone.
A third part of the invention relates to the construction of the petroleum
injection or feed pump. This arrangement also is applicable to all kinds of
petroleum motors.
The feed pump is designed to inject a determined quantity of petroleum into the
mixing passage during the suction period in such a manner that the petroleum and
air being mixed shall be in exactly the same proportions during the whole of the
suction period, that is to say during a stroke of the piston. This is effected by
causing the motion of the pump piston to correspond with that of the cylinder
piston, that is to say, proportionate thereto, which may be accomplished by means
of cams so arranged that the speed of the injected petroleum shall correspond in
every position of the piston to the speed of the atmospheric air drawn in.
The feed pump, shown separately in Figs. 11 and 12 in vertical and in horizontal
section respectively, is an injection pump consisting of a cylinder j', with air
vessel, a piston with rod and other means for actuating the piston, further
with slide valve with elastic slide valve cover and means for actuating the slide
valve. The mechanisms for moving the slide valve and the pump pistou are
illustrated in Fig. 13 and the arrangement of the entire pump is illustrated in
Fig. 1 and Fig. 17 which are elevations at right angles to each other.
The piston rod is held by the spiral spring 7 (Figs. 1, 13 and 14) in its lowest
position on which it bears with a flange against the upper side of the guide
box . When the piston rod moves down into this position, the piston draws
petroleum into the cylinder j' through the two cross passages and j" from the
supply pipe (Fig. 11) the slide valve * assuming the position shown in which
position it connects the two ports ill and together by means of the valve port ¡¹³.
This drawing-in is facilitated by the air in the air vessel the interior of which
communicates with the passage. Whilst the piston rod is in its lowest position,
the slide valve is moved into its highest position by a cam (Fig. 1) on the
valve operating shaft 6, the cam ; acting upon a roller (Fig. 13) of the

page_text: lever, the free end of which is connected to the slide valve rod" (Fig. 1). In
its highest position the slide valve connects the interior of the pump cylinder j
with the pipe 9' by means of a cross passage 18 (Figs. 11 and 12) and the
passage. Then the piston is moved up, so that petroleum is injected during
the suction period of the motor, into the pipe through the pipe 9. The upward
movement of the plunger is effected by a second cam 1 (Figs. 1, 13 and 14) on
the valve operating shaft 6, which acts against a roller of the lever, the free
end of which acts upwardly against the sharp edged end of a rod " engaging with
the lower end of the piston rod (Fig. 13). When the piston has arrived at its
highest position, the slide valve moves back again into its lowest position
(Fig. 11) by its own weight and the weight of the connected parts, and also by
the action of a spring (Fig. 17), the slide valve being again released by the cam.
In order to make a tight joint between the slide valve and its two slide valve
faces, the one is arranged as a cover in the form of a loose plate (Figs. 11
and 12) which is pressed by a spiral spring through the medium of a lever
against the slide valve, whereby the latter is pressed in turn against the other fixed
slide valve face. The plate has in its centre a tubular stud 2, into which the
end of the pipe g* is firmly screwed, and which is surrounded by a sleeve formed
by the lever. In order to enable the movement of the piston to be varied
according to requirement, the piston is not fixed to its rod j, but engages only
loosely in the end thereof by means of the pin 28, which can be drawn out of the
piston rod and can be inserted therein. The connection between the piston
and the rod j is effected by means of a flange on the pin and the adjustable
nut which is screwed onto the end of the rod and which encloses or surrounds
the flange but leaves a free space between the end of the rod j* and the head of
the nut The piston packing holds the piston in consequence of the friction so
firmly that the length of the piston stroke is equal to the difference between the
length of the stroke of the piston red and the distance between the top of the
flange and the inside of the head of the nut 0; by adjusting the nut 30 this
difference and consequently the movement of the piston can be regulated.
In order that the feed pump may be operated separately for filling the pipes g'
and when starting the motor, without it being necessary to move all the other
parts of the motor by hand, which would be very laborious, the two cams 14
and (Fig. 13) instead of being mounted directly on the shaft are mounted on a
sleeve adapted to be rotated about the same, (Figs. 16-18 and Fig. 1) which
forms one part of a toothed coupling, the second part of which movable on the
shaft, but is compelled to rotate with the latter, and is pressed by a spiral
spring against the sleeve By means of a crank which can be readily fitted
to and removed from the sleeve the latter can be rotated alone, whilst the
shaft 6 is stationary, so that the feed pump can be driven separately. The pipe g
can be drawn out of the pipe to enable the attendant to see whether it is full of
petroleum. During the operation of the motor, the sleeve compels the sleeve
to rotate with the shaft bo.
A. fourth part of this invention relates to means for regulating the speed of the
motor by means of an ordinary centrifugal governor. This part is applicable to all
kinds of gas and petroleum engines.
The centrifugal governor Fig. 1, is driven from the valve operating shaft 6°.
The arms carrying the balls are connected with an arm extending from a shaft,
on which is fixed a second but downwardly directed arm (Figs. 1, 13 and Fig. 17)
that is connected by a rod k with the rod that is suspended from the lower end
of the piston rod j* of the feed pump. When the engine moves too fast,. the
governor balls rotate the shaft to such an extent that the arm by means of
the rod k removes the knife edge on the lower end of the rod, from the knife
edge on the lever 21 so that the piston of the feed pump is not driven upward to
feed the motor, but remains in its lowest position. A spiral spring such as keeps
the lever pressed against the cam, so that it follows the same, when in consequence
of the action of the governor, the rod" of the feed pump does not press upon the

page_text: knife edge of the lever ". As soon as the motor has again assumed its normal
speed, the rod with its knife edge is again moved over the knife edge of the
arm
In order to facilitate the retarding of the motor, and at the same time to obviate
a superfluous drawing in of cold air into the cylinder and consequent cooling of the
passages and of the igniting apparatus, when the motor has assumed an excessive
speed, and the feed pump is therefore placed out of operation in the manner
described, the suction valve Fig. 6 is also prevented from opening. This is
effected by means of a nose or knife edge on the end of an arm extending from a
horizontal shaft (Figs. 1 and 6) which nose is brought by the rotation of the
shaft to bear against the underside of a disc d' on the end of the valve spindle d².
The shaft is connected with the shaft 2 by means of the forwardly extending
levers on the shaft d, k on the shaft and of the rod do, the effective length
of which can be regulated according to requirement by nuts du (Fig. 1).
Instead of the described complete interruption of the feed, a more exact
regulation can be effected by first allowing the governor to effect a decrease in the
feed, by giving to the knife edges of the rod and of the arm d' the shape shown
respectively in Figs. 13 and 7.
A fifth part of this invention relates to means for lubricating the various parts of
the motor. These means are so arranged as to ensure good and abundant lubrication
of the parts of the engine under all conditions of temperature. The lubrication of
the crank pin 6 Figs. 2 and 3, is effected from a lubricating box or cup and wick "
which is located in a small extension on the exhaust gas reservoir f³, (Fig. 3);
it can be radially heated by means of a lamp on starting the engine in case the oil
should be frozen. During the operation of the machine the oil is heated by the
exhaust gas to such an extent that it cannot solidify. The oil which gradually
drips out of the lubricant box is conducted by the pipe into a passage that
opens centrally at the end of the crank shaft 6 and which passes with a slight
longitudinal inclination through the crank pin shaft to a second passage 15, which
passes radially through one crank web and through the crank pin itself to a place
on the outside thereof where it discharges. By reason of the inclination of the
lubricating passage and of the radial passage 1, the oil is drawn in with certainty
through the long horizontal shaft by the action of centrifugal force, even though
the motor should assume a forwardly inclined position on a bad road.
The inside of the cylinder 6' and the piston 6 are lubricated by means of another
lubricant box 1 (Fig. 3) which is arranged above the opening of the jacket a', that
is to say, in a very warm place where the oil cannot solidify during the operation of
the engine. From this lubricant box the oil is conveyed by a pipe along
the outside of the casing a and then across in to the inner surface of the cylinder &¹
and to the piston b.
Oil is conveyed to the cross head 6 of the piston by passages formed in a
rotary arm (Figs. 2 and 18) and in a rod 19, which counects the end of the
arın with the cross head 610, by means of which rod the arm is compelled
to oscillate up and down according to the movements of the piston. A pipe 10
conveys the oil into a central longitudinal passage in the pin or the axle of the
arm, said passage communicating with the passage in the arm . This latter
passage communicates with the passage in the connecting rod P, which is connected
with the central longitudinal passage 12 by means of the U-shaped pipe 3 which
leads from one of the pins of the cross head to the other pin. In consequence of
the oscillations of the arm the oil is driven by centrifugal force up into the
longitudinal passage in the cross head, whence it flows by radial passages to the
rubbing surfaces of the cross head pins.
Dated this 18th day 1900
ALWIN BEUGGER,
By L. W., per F. B.

page_text: COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Petroleum and Gas Motors.
I, ALWIN BEUGGER of Winterthur, Switzerland, and residing at 18 Rewent-
lowsgade, Copenhagen, Denmark, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same to be performed to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention of improvements in petroleum and gas motors is specially
applicable to portable motors but is also applicable to stationary motors and partly
to all motors in which the motive power is produced by explosion of a mixture of
atmospheric air and gas or vaporized hydrocarbons.
I will now proceed to describe my invention with the aid of the drawings left
with my Provisional Specification, which illustrate the application of my improve-
ments to a portable four-stroke cycle motor that is to say one in which the piston
is first driven downward by the explosion in the cylinder and makes its working
stroke, whereupon the piston in its following upstroke expels the gases of
combustion, then in its next downstroke draws in explosive mixture and finally
in the following upstroke compresses the charge, whereupon the next explosion
takes place.
Fig. 1 is a side elevation.
Fig. 2 a vertical section; and
Fig. 3 a side elevation partly in section of the motor mounted on a vehicle.
The remaining figs. illustrate details of the motor.
The invention relates partly to means whereby it is rendered possible to use
ordinary petroleum instead of naphtha which has heretofore been usually employed
for working motors. Ordinary petroleum has not hitherto been generally employed
owing to the fact that petroleum must be highly heated immediately on entering
the motor cylinder in order to be completely vaporized, which is essential in order
that complete combustion may be subsequently effected that the interior of the
cylinder and the passages, ports and valves may be kept free from soot and other
residues, and that a high degree of efficiency may be obtained. According to this
invention the body or spindle d¹ (Figs. 2 and 6) of the valve through which the
explosive mixture is drawn into the cylinder, is made in the form of a tube closed
at its outer end, and open at its inner end. The valve spindle is thus constantly
filled with the products of combustion of the preceding explosion by which means
the cooling of the valve spindle due to the passage through the valve of the cold
current of explosive mixture from the supply pipe d (Fig. 2) during the suction
stroke of the piston is to some extent prevented and at the same time the
explosive mixture is more or less heated as it passes through the valve. The
relative positions of the inlet and outlet valves are such that the explosive mixture
is still further heated by being caused after issuing from the passage d³ (Figs. 2
and 6), which it cools only to a slight extent to pass over the surface of the outlet
valve which is turned towards the interior of the cylinder and is brought by the
outgoing products of combustion to a very high temperature. In Fig. 2 the inlet
valve is shown arranged next to the outlet valve and the explosive mixture is led
through the bent or curved passage d'over or in contact with the heated surface of
the outlet valve ƒ¹.
The modification shown in Fig. 5, in which the outlet valve f¹ is approximately
under the inlet valve, ensures a still greater heating of the mixture than is the case
with the arrangement shewn in Fig. 2. The entire cover of the cylinder 6 in which
the explosive mixture is exploded, is cooled only to a very slight extent, this
cooling being mainly effected by the inflowing mixture, and particularly in the
arrangement shown in Fig. 5, where the inflow is exactly opposite to the outflow
but takes place through the same passage d the heat given off during their outflow
by the products of combustion to the walls of the passages and to the valve is

page_text: immediately afterwards taken up by the succeeding incoming explosive mixture,
whereby a complete vaporization of the petroleum which enters in the form of
spray, and a cooling of the outlet valve is effected, the said outlet valve which is
not otherwise cooled, being thus prevented from acquiring a temperature so high
as to cause spontaneous ignition at the wrong time.
To enable the construction to be better understood it may be stated that d (Fig. 2)
is the cock by means of which the flow of air from the pipe d to the supply pipe
is regulated. The pipe may communicate either directly with the atmosphere or
with the casing of the centrifugal blower a'. The object of this is simply to
deaden the noise caused by the rush of air into the cylinder b'. g' (Fig. 2) is the
inner end of the petroleum supply pipe g' (Fig. 1). The petroleum is sprayed on
entering the piped by the strong air current in the said mixing pipe d during the
period of suction.
Fig. 6 shows the inlet valve with its passage d, in vertical section and on a
larger scale.
From the outlet valve the gases of combustion are led through the pipe (Fig. 3)
to a vessel where they can be employed for heating purposes, and whence they
pass to a chimney f. The outlet valve is opened at the proper time by a
oam 6 (Fig. 1) on the valve-operating shaft 6, the arrangement being such that
the cam 6 presses against a roller of the vertically movable rod f which is
connected by a lever f' with the valve f'. The two spiral springs draw the
rod down again when the roller is not acted on by the cam 68, and so close
the valve.
In addition to a large reservoir for ordinary petroleum, a smaller reservoir for
naphtha may also be arranged on the vehicle. Pipes provided with cocks lead
from the two reservoirs to the supply pipe of the injection or feed pump of the
motor, which feeds the petroleum through the before mentioned pipe to the
cylinder or to the pipe d. In starting the motor, the cock of the pipe leading from
the naphtha reservoir is opened, whilst the cock of the pipe leading from the
petroleum reservoir is closed, so that the motor whilst the cylinder remains cold, is
fed with naphtha only. But as soon as the cylinder has become sufficiently hot the
cock of the petroleum pipe is opened and the naphtha cock is closed, so that the
motor is then fed solely with petroleum.
Another, part of this invention relates to the means for igniting the charge. It
is important, in portable motors especially to avoid the use of a naked flame for
iguiting the explosive mixture in the cylinder, as the action of a flame is greatly
dependent upon external conditions such as wind and rain. Ignition is effected
according to this invention by means of the igniting apparatus which is shown in
detail and in vertical longitudinal section in Fig. 8 which apparatus may be applied
with great advantage to all kinds of gas or petroleum motors.
This igniting apparatus comprises a chamber Figs. 2, 6 and 8 screwed into the
cover of the cylinder or into the inlet passage for the explosive mixture or gas,
within which chamber and embedded in a heat-insulating asbestos packing (Fig. 8)
is a double cone h³ of porcelain or other fire proof material which is also a bad
conductor of heat. This double cone is traversed throughout its entire length by
passages, as indicated in dotted lines in Fig. 8 and in the cross sections of the
cone Figs. 9 and 10; these passages diminish in sectional area from the centre of
the double cone towards the ends. Into the outer end of the chamber A' is screwed
a metal tube h (Fig. 2), closed by a plug 4. At the opposite end the chamber h¹
is in constant communication with the interior of the cylinder through the
passage d (Figs. 2 and 6). Since the gases of combustion or the gaseous products
of explosion remain in the igniting-apparatus during the periods of explosion and
exhaust the porcelain cone A becomes highly heated and red hot during the
operation of the motor. During the compression of the charge in the cylinder, the
explosive gases filling the igniting-chamber and the tube are compressed to such
an extent that the charge when completely compressed will come into contact
with the highly heated; parts of the igniting-apparatus, and explosion takes place.

page_text: By screwing the plug in or out and thus varying the space within the tube h*,
the time at which the explosion shall take place can be regulated with nicety.
As a protection for the igniting-apparatus there is provided a tube h' which is
attached to the motor cylinder and is internally lined with asbestos h*. In order
to start the engine, the tube / can be heated by the flame of an ordinary soldering
lamp 8 (Fig. 1) fixed on a movable frame h' on the jacket a', in such a manner that
the flame can be directed against the ignition-tube h*. A suitable opening ¹º
(Fig. 8) is formed for the flame in the lower part of the tube h', and the draught
from the flame passes out at the open end of the tube h. By means of the
handle (Fig. 1) the tube h' can be removed and replaced during the working of
the motor. In order to facilitate and accelerate the starting of the motor an
auxiliary ignition-tube 12 (Fig. 8) arranged at the side of or beneath the main
ignition-chamber h' may be employed. This auxiliary ignition-tube opens at one
end into the cylinder 6' or into the passage d' (Fig. 2) and is closed at its outer
end. By reason of its small mass, it can be heated very quickly by the lamp 8 the
time required to heat it being about one third of that required to heat the igniting
cone . Furthermore, the wear and tear of the tube his reduced by the use of
the auxiliary tube h¹² so that frequent renewal of the former tube is obviated. The
auxiliary tube can be renewed much more cheaply and easily than the main
ignition-tube /*. If the motor is required to be started very quickly an electrical
igniting-device may be employed with advantage until the porcelain cone h³ is
sufficiently heated by the working of the motor.
The invention also relates to the construction of the petroleum injection or feed
pump. This arrangement is also applicable to various kinds of petroleum motors.
The feed-pump is designed to inject a determined quantity of petroleum into the.
mixing passage during the suction period in such a manner that the petroleum and
the air being mixed shall be in exactly the same proportion throughout the whole.
of this period. This is effected by causing the motion of the piston of the pump to
be proportionate to that of the motor piston, which may be accomplished by means
of cams.
The feed-pump, shown separately in Figs. 11 and 12 in vertical and horizontal.
section respectively is of the injector type and consists of a cylinder j' with air-
vessel a piston with its rod and mechanism for actuating it and a slide-
valve having an elastic cover and means for actuating the slide-valve.
The mechanism for moving the slide valve and the pump piston are illustrated in
Fig. 13 and the arrangement of the entire pump is illustrated in Figs. 1 and 17
which are elevations at right angles to each other.
The piston rod j is held in its lowest position by a coiled spring 7 (Figs. 1, 13
and 14), and in this position it bears by means of a flange ; against the upper side
of the guide box 1. When the piston rod moves down into this position, the
piston draws petroleum into the cylinder through the two cross passages 11
and from the supply pipe 10 (Fig. 11), the slide valve assuming the position
shown and connecting together the ports and by means of the valve port j".
This drawing in is facilitated by the air in the air vessel, the interior of which
communicates with the passage. Whilst the piston rod is in its lowest position,
the slide valve is moved into its highest position by a cam j (Fig. 1) on the valve
operating shaft b, the cam j¹ acting upon a roller (Fig. 13) of the lever is, the
free end of which is connected to the slide-valve rod 1 (Fig. 1). In its highest
position the slide-valve connects the interior of the pump cylinder ; with the
pipe by means of a cross passage 18 and the passage (Figs. 11 and 12). The
piston is now moved up, so that during the suction period of the motor petroleum
is injected into the pipe d through the pipe . The upward movement of the
piston is effected by a second cam 1 (Figs. 1, 13 and 14) on the valve-operating
shaft 6, which bears against a roller 20 on the lever ", the free end of which acts
upwardly against the knife-edged end of a rod engaging with the lower end of
the piston-rod (Fig. 13). When the piston has arrived at its highest position,
the slide-valve is brought back into its lowest. position (Fig. 11). by its own.

page_text: weight and that of connected parts and by means of a spring (Fig. 17), the slide-
valve being again released by the cam. In order to make a tight joint between
the slide-valve and its two valve surfaces, one of the surfaces is arranged as a
cover in the form of a loose plate" (Figs. 11 and 12), which is pressed by a coiled
spring through the medium of a lever against the slide valve, whereby the
latter is pressed in turn against the other surface which is fixed. The plate has
in the centre a tubular stud 26 into which the end of pipe g* is firmly screwed, and
which is surrounded by a sleeve formed by the lever. In order to enable the
movement of the piston to be varied according to requirement the piston is not
fixed to its rod but is connected loosely to the end thereof by means of the pin 18
which can be drawn out of the piston rod j and can be inserted therein. The
connection between the piston and the rod is effected by means of a flange "
on the pin and of an adjustable nut 20 which is screwed on the end of the rod j
and encloses or surrounds the flange but leaves a free space between the end of
the rod and the head of the nut 30. The friction of the piston packing holds the
piston so firmly that the length of the stroke is equal to the difference between the
length of the stroke of the piston rod and the distance between the top
of the flange and the inside of the head of the nut 0; by adjusting the
nut this difference, and consequently the movement of the piston can be
regulated.
To enable the feed pump to be operated by hand for filling the pipes 9' and
when starting the motor, without moving the whole mechanism of the motor, which
would be very laborious, the two cams and 1 (Fig. 13) instead of being mounted
directly on the shaft 6, are mounted on a sleeve adapted to be rotated about the
same (Figs. 16-18 and Fig. 1); this sleeve forms one part of a toothed coupling,
the other part 3 of which is movable on the shaft, but is compelled to rotate
with the latter, and is normally pressed by a spring into gear with the sleevej".
By means of a crank which can be readily fitted to and removed from the
sleeve the latter can be rotated alone, whilst the shaft is stationary, so that the
feed pump can be driven separately. The pipe 93 can be drawn out of the pipe d
to enable the attendant to see whether it is full of petroleum. During the
operation of the motor, the sleeve compels the sleeve a to rotate with the
shaft b.
The invention further relates to means for regulating the speed of the motor by
means of an ordinary centrifugal governor. This part of my invention is likewise
applicable to various kinds of gas and petroleum engines.
on
The centrifugal governor ¹ (Fig. 1), is driven from the valve-operating shaft b*.
The arms carrying the balls are connected with an arm extending from a shaft k,
on which is fixed a second but downwardly directed arm ³ (Figs. 1, 13 and 17)
which is connected by a rod k with the rod that is suspended from the lower end
of the piston rod of the feed pump. When the engine moves too fast, the
governor-balls k rotate the shaft to such an extent that the arm k³ by means of
the rod * removes a knife edge on the lower end of the rod " from a knife edge
the lever so that the piston of the feed pump is not driven upward to feed the
motor, but remains in its lowest position. A coiled spring such as 31 keeps the
lever, pressed against the cam, so that it follows the same, when in consequence
of the, action of the governor, the rod of the feed pump does not press upon the
knife edge of the lever ". As soon as the motor has again assumed its normal
speed, the rod with its knife-edge is again moved over the knife edge of the
lever.
In order still further to regulate the speed of the motor and especially to give
the governor, a better command over abrupt variation of power, and at the same
time to obviate superfluous drawing of cold air into the cylinder and the consequent
cooling of the passages, and of the igniting apparatus the spindle d' (Fig. 6) of the
motion valve can also be prevented from opening. This is effected by means of a
nose, or knife edge on the end of an arm de extending from a horizontal shaft d
(Figs. 1.and 6) which nose is brought by the rotation of the shaft under a disc d'
B

page_text: on the end of the valve spindle d¹. The shaft d is connected with the shaft by
means of forwardly extending levers and on the shafts and respectively
and of a rod do the effective length of which can be regulated according to require-
ment by a nut (Fig. 1).
Instead of the herein before described abrupt complete interruption of the feed, a
more gradual and exact regulation can be produced by allowing the governor to
effect a decrease in the feed, by giving to the knife-edges of the rod and arm d
the shapes shown respectively in Fig. 134.
My invention also relates to the means for lubricating the various parts of the
motor. The arrangement is such as to ensure good and abundant lubrication of the
parts of the motor under all conditions of temperature. The lubrication of
the crank-pin (Figs. 2 and 3) is effected by means of a lubricating-box or cup
and wick which is located in a small extension on the exhaust gas reservoir f³,
(Fig. 3); on starting the motor should the oil be frozen it can be readily melted
by means of a lamp. When the engine is at work the oil is heated by the exhaust
products to such an extent that it cannot solidify. The oil, which gradually drips
out of the lubricant box is conducted by a pipe into a passage which opens
centrally at the end of the crank-shaft 70 and passes with a slight axial inclination
through the crank-shaft to a second passage 1, which extends radially through one
crank-arm and through the crank-pin the outside thereof, where it discharges. By
reason of the inclination of the lubricating passages and of the radial passage 1, the
oil is drawn in with certainty through the long horizontal shaft by the action of
centrifugal force, even should the motor, on a bad road or from any other cause,
assume a forwardly inclined position.
The inside of the cylinder and the piston * are lubricated by means of another
lubricant box (Fig. 3) arranged above the opening of the jacket a' that is to say
in a very warm place where the oil cannot solidify during the operation of the
engine. From this lubricant box the oil is conveyed by a pipe 17 along the
outside of the jacket at and then through to the inner surface of the cylinder 6¹ and
to the piston b*.
in
Oil is conveyed to the cross-head 610 of the piston by passages formed in an arm 18
(Figs. 2 and 18) and a rod 1, which connects the end of the arm 18 with the cross-
head 610 and causes the arm (8 to oscillate with the piston. The oil is supplied to
the passage in the arm 18 by a pipe 110, through a central longitudinal passage
the pin or axle of the arm 18. The passage in the connecting rod communicates
between that in the arm and a central longitudinal passage in the cross head 610
by means of a U-shaped pipe ¹³, which leads from one of the pins of the cross-head
to the other. In consequence of the oscillation of the arm, the oil is driven by
centrifugal force up into the longitudinal passage in the cross-head, whence it flows
by radial passages to the rubbing surfaces of the cross-head pins.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. A petroleum or gas motor having a suction valve for the explosive mixture,
the valve-body or spindle d' of which constitutes a chamber or tube closed at its
outer end but open towards the interior of the cylinder, and a passage d' for
conveying the explosive mixture from the suction valve over or in contact with the
inner surface of the highly heated outlet valve fl substantially as and for the
purposes specified.
2. A petroleum or gas motor having a passage in the cylinder cover through
which the explosive mixture is drawn and the products of combustion pass, the
arrangement being such that the incoming explosive mixture absorbs heat previously
imparted to the walls of the passage by the products of combustion substantially as
described.
3. In a petroleum or gas motor an igniting apparatus in which an incandescent
igniter of porcelain, china, or other refractory material that is a bad conductor

page_text: of heat is located within a chamber, is surrounded by material that is a bad
conductor of heat, and is provided with a number of passages running lengthwise
through it and opening at one end directly or indirectly into the motor cylinder and
at the other end into an extension of the before mentioned chamber, the internal
space of which extension can be varied for the purpose of regulating the moment of
ignition, substantially as described.
4. In a petroleum or gas motor an auxiliary igniting-apparatus for use when
starting the motor consisting of an ignition-tube which is closed at the outer end
and communicates at the other end with the interior of the motor cylinder, the said
ignition tube being so arranged that it can be heated from outside substantially as
described.
18
5. In a petroleum or gas motor a feed-pump provided with a slide-valve j*
arranged to move between two valve-surfaces one of which is in the form of a loose
cover pressed by a spring against the slide-valve so as to force the latter against
the other valve-surface which is fixed to the pump cylinder, in combination with
means for operating the pump piston, comprising cams and 1 rollers and jis
and a loose coupling and arranged between the piston and its rod and whereby
the stroke of the piston can be varied, the arrangement being such that the speed
of the pump piston is made proportional to the speed of the piston of the motor
cylinder, substantially as described.
6. Regulating the speed of a petroleum or gas motor by means of a governor
arranged to actuate a shaft connected by means of arms and adjustable rods,
(a) with a rod suspended from the feed-pump piston rod, by means of which motion
is transmitted to the aforesaid piston-rod from its operating cam, the effect of the
connection between the shaft and the rod being such that, according to
requirement, the said rod either follows the movement of the aforesaid cam, remains
stationary, or causes a diminution of the stroke, and (b) with an arm de so as to
cause, when required, the upper end of the aforesaid arm to pass under a disc d'
mounted on the end of the suction-valve spindle d', for the purpose of preventing
or reducing the movement of the valve, substantially as described.
7. In a petroleum or gas motor, a coupling arranged between the valve operating
shaft and the cams for actuating the piston and the valve of the feed-pump, said
coupling comprising a spring and a ratchet-wheel, the arrangement being such that
the cams can be rotated independently of the valve-operating shaft, for the purpose
of forcing petroleum into the feed-pipe before starting the motor, substantially as
described.
8. My improved petroleum motor constructed arranged and operating substantially
as described and shewn.