Improvements in Apparatus for Heating and Cooling Fluids.
Year: 1893

page_text: Date of Application, 10th Jan., 1893-Accepted, 11th Feb., 1893
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
[Communicated from abroad by FRIEDRICH AUGUST KLEEMANN, of 9, Luisen-
platz, Berlin, Germany, Civil Engineer.]
Improvements in Apparatus for Heating and Cooling Fluids.
I, HUGH DONALD FITZPATRICK, of 70 Wellington Street, Glasgow, Registered
Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by.
the following statement :-
This invention has for its object to improve the construction of apparatus for
heating and cooling fluids, and especially such fluids as are apt to deposit solid
matters.
In carrying out my invention, the heating or cooling apparatus is provided with
perpendicular or hanging heating or cooling surfaces. The surfaces, which may be
stationary or rotating, are hung or suspended in the liquid to be heated or cooled,
and, so that the liquid only comes into contact with said surfaces, on which a
deposit of the solid matters contained in the liquid cannot take place.
The apparatus may be provided with a special arrangement for stirring the
liquid or the apparatus itself may perform this function. When the liquid is
agitated, the heating or cooling surfaces are washed or kept clean and a maximum.
of heating or cooling effect is produced, as every part of the liquid is affected..
The apparatus is or may be enclosed in a suitable closed casing, so that the liquids
may be introduced in the form of steam or vapour if so desired.
Steam or other vapours may be cooled or condensed or superheated in the
apparatus.
And in order that my said invention may be properly understood, I have hereunto
appended two explanatory sheets of drawings, whereon :-
Fig. 1 is a vertical section of the apparatus.
Fig. 2 is a horizontal section on the line yy, Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a horizontal section on the line, Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is an enlarged detail view.
Fig. 5 is a vertical section of one form of the apparatus with an enclosing
casing.
Fig. 6 is a horizontal section of Fig. 5 on the line
Fig. 7 shows another form of the apparatus in which is combined heating' and
cooling surfaces, a stirring device and enclosing casing.
Fig. 8 is a horizontal section of Fig. 7, on the line 2-2.
Fig. 9 is a vertical section of another form of the apparatus.
Fig. 10 is a horizontal section of Fig. 9 on the line 3-3.
Fig. 11 is a vertical section of another form of the apparatus.
Fig. 12 is a horizontal section on the line 2-2, Figure 11.
Referring to the drawings, whereon the same reference letters, wherever repeated,
indicate similar or like parts :-.
The improved apparatus consists of a hollow body A, which is, by means of a
partition plate a, divided horizontally into two compartments b, c. Inserted in the
bottom of the body A are a number of heating or cooling tubes B, and these
tubes are, as shown, open at their upper ends, and closed at their lower ends. Into
each of the tubes B a smaller concentric tube g is inserted; and these tubes g,
which are open at both ends, are secured, at their upper ends, in the partition
plate a,.
and reach, at their lower ends, almost to the bottom of the tubes B.
The tubes B are immersed in the liquid to be heated or cooled.
The beating or cooling medium is admitted through the pipe d into the lower
compartment of the body A, and, descending into the tubes B, it either transfers

page_text: its heat, through the surface of the tubes B, to the surrounding liquid to be heated,.
or, in the case of a cooling medium, it takes up heat from the surrounding liquid to
be cooled. The exhausted heating or cooling medium passes up the pipes g to the
upper compartment c of the body A, and from thence it is drawn off by the outlet
pipe i...
When condensed steam, or other condensed vapour or gas, is used as the heating
or cooling medium, the tubes g may have fitted, at their lower ends, valves e (see
Fig. 4), for the purpose of preventing any condensed liquid flowing back, from the
tubes 9, into the tubes. B.
For certain requirements, it is advisable to enclose the heating or cooling device
within a casing, into which the liquid to be acted on is introduced. Figs. 3 to 12
illustrate forms of the device with enclosing casing. In all these arrangements, the
heating or cooling medium is in introduced through a pipe connection d which
communicates with the lower compartment of the body A whilst the exhausted
medium is drawn off from the upper compartment e through a pipe connection 1.
In Figs. 5 and 6, the apparatus A, B is simply enclosed in a cylindrical casing C
having preferably a bottom of inverted conic shape. The fluid to be acted upon
is or may be conducted into the casing through the opening K and be withdrawn
through the opening I. If desired, a jacket D may be fitted round the outside of
the casing C. A heating or cooling agent may be introduced into the jacket
through the opening L and be withdrawn through the opening M. The plate fin
in this instance serves as a cover for the casing C.
The apparatus Figs. 7 and 8 differs from that at Figs. 5 and 6 by having a
stirring or agitating device fitted in the casing. The stirring device consists of a
number of arms 7 which are connected together at their lower ends and mounted
on a vertical spindle F. The spindle passes through a stuffing box at the bottom of
the casing and is rotated by means of bevel wheels G, G₁, carried in an arm or
bracket G². The bevel wheels G, G¹ are rotated from band pulleys H. The
spindle F may if desired be rotated in any other suitable manner.
In the apparatus at Figs. 9 and 10 the casing and other parts are modified. It
will be seen in these views that the tubes and d are taken out vertically through
the top of the casing and also that tlie tube d is fitted concentrically within the
tube . The tube passes out through a stuffing box o on the top of the casing C
and the body A is bolted to a flange on said tube 1. The inlet pipe d passes out
through a stuffing box p at the upper end of the pipe . Q is a supporting bracket
fitted on top of the casing C. As will be seen, a second or inner circle of tubes B, g
are fitted in this apparatus.
Figs. 11 and 12 differ from the preceding ones in that the heating or cooling
device is made to rotate within the casing C and in this manner to serves as an
agitator. The enable this to be done the inlet tube d is carried down perpen-
dicularly and centrally from the lower side of the body A, as shown, and out
through a stuffing box R at the bottom of the casing C. The outlet is arranged
in substantially the same manner as in Fig. 9 but it is made to serve as a driving
spindle and has a bevel wheel G on it. A short driving shaft J having band
pulleys His carried in the bracket Q supported on top of the casing C, as before.
By means of the bevel wheels G, G', the spindle or pipe is made to revolve, and
in so doing to rotate the whole heating or cooling device. With this arrangement,
the heating or cooling device acts in the same manner as the stirring device,
Figs. 7 and 9.
By using tubes B of large diameter for the influx of the heating or cooling medium,
and narrow tubes g for the efflux of said medium, it is caused to travel very slowly
from the top to the bottom and its temperature is thus used to the fullest extent.
The construction of the apparatus with its casings and stirring devices may be
variously modified without departing from the principle of the invention.
jacket D may also be altered.
The
The peculiarity of the present invention is that only perpendicular or hanging
heating or cooling surfaces are used, and, that these surfaces are either stationary

page_text: or rotating and, also, that these surfaces can be used either alone or in conjunction.
with stirring devices.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven--
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. A heating or cooling apparatus for fluids, consisting of a stationary or-
rotating hollow body (A), which is divided into compartments (b, c), and has a
number of depending tubes B which communicate with one of the compartments
and a second set of tubes g, which are fitted concentrically within the first set, and
communicate with the other compartment, the several parts being arranged and
operating substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to the drawings.
annexed.
2. The construction of apparatus as set forth in Claim 1, in combination with an
enclosing casing for the reception of the fluid to be heated or cooled substantially
as hereinbefore described.
3. The combination with the heating or cooling device as set forth in Claim 1, of
stirrers or beaters for agitating the fluid being acted upon and an enclosing casing
for holding said fluid, substantially as hereinbefore set forth.
4. The general construction of apparatus substantially as hereinbefore described
with reference to Figs. 7 and 8 of the drawings annexed.
5. The modified construction of apparatus, substantially as hereinbefore-
described with reference to Figs. 9 and 10 of the drawings annexed.
6. The modified construction of apparatus substantially as hereinbefore-
described with reference to Figs. 11 and 12 of the drawings annexed.
* Dated this 9th day of January 1893.
H. D. FITZPATRICK,
70, Wellington Street, Glasgow.