Year: 1797

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN.
PASSMAN, of Doncaster, in the County of York, Gentleman, send greeting,
WHEREAS His most Excellent Majesty King George the Third, by His
Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date the
Twenty-fifth day of March last past, did grant unto me, the said John Passman,
His special licence that I, the said John Passman, during the term of years
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and void my
said Invention within that part of our Kingdom of Great Britain called
England, our Dominion of Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, in such-
manner as to me, the said John Passman, my exors, admors, or assigns, or
any of them, should in my or their discretion seem meet, and that I, the said
John Passman, my exors, admors, and assignis, should and lawfully might
have and enjoy the whole profit, benefit, commodity, and advantage, from time
to time coming, growing, accruing, and arising by reason of the said Invention,
for and during the term of years therein mentioned; in which said Letters
Patent there is a proviso obliging me, the said John Passman, under my hand
and seal, to cause a particular description of the nature of my said Invention,
and how the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in His Majesty's High
Court of Chancery within one kalendar month next after the date of the
said recited Letters Patent, as in and by the said Letters Patent, reference
being thereunto had, will more fully appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, John
Passman, do hereby describe and declare the nature of my said "INVENTION AND

page_text: IMPROVEMENT IN MACHINERY FOR DRAWING, ROVING, AND SPINNING ALL KINDS OF
WOOL, HEMP, FLAX, SILK, MOHAIR, OR ANY OTHER MATERIALS," which may be
spun in manner following, that is to say:-
My Invention for spinning lays in the construction of the spindle, and in
the mode of driving or giving motion to the same without the aid of list, strap,
or string, or tooth and pinion, or any other common way usually practiced, and
the same mode of driving may be applied to every common spinille that is
now or may be used, as described in Figure 1 in the. Sketch or Drawing
hereunto annext.
The action of my new improved spindle is to avoid the principle evil attending
the bobbin's traversing up and down the spindle, which not only occasions a
constant change, but sets at nought every plan to effect the bobbin's regulation;
by this mode, when the bobbins is once regulated, there is nothing to alter its
temper but its own weight acquired by lapping the thread on itself in
proportion, from which principle the advantages are evident from every
observation of experienced spinners.
My improvement in driving or giving motion to all kinds of spindles lays
in fixing driving pulleys or cylinders vertically or horizontally, made of wood
or any other material, as described in the Figures 1, 2, and 3, in the said
Sketch or Drawing, which the wheels or hefts of the spindles. rest, and are
carried round at any velocity necessary by their own weight or friction. If
cylinders are used, they should be hooped with leather, or any other material,
of a sufficient thickness to clear the warl of the spindle from grazing upon the
surface of the cylinder, as described in Figure 1 in the said Sketch or Drawing,
The Figure 4, as described in the said Sketch or Drawing, represents, the
tubelar spindles, one with the rod and flyer up and the other with the rod and
flyer down. The spindles must be made tubelar or hollow, to allow the rod
to vibrate agreeable to the extent of the bobbin. The best way to make the
tubelar spindle is for the rod to go right through the tubelar and run upon a
center point in a stop or plate on the copping rail, which must be fixed below
the warls of the spindles, as represented in Figure 2 in the said Sketch or
Drawing. There are many ways of making the tubelar spindles,, the one
specified as above is in my opinion the best. I have made them with a groove,
in which I put a sockett for the end of the rod to drop into, and that, sockett
being fixed upon a plate must rest upon the rising rail to effect the
copping. Experience told me that plan of making the spindle was a bad one,
for I found by driving the spindle at a great speed the sockett hung in the
groove, and caused irregular copping.
Figure 5, as also represented in the said Sketch or Drawing, represents

page_text: another way of driving or giving motion to spindles from their own weight
only, but I cannot recommend it, for it takes more power than Figures 1, 2,
and 3, and from being drove by a strap or band is more liable to be out of
order. The best plan is represented in Figures 1, 2, and 3, in the said annexed
Sketch or Drawing; the power by any of those modes is reduced one half
from any now practised, and besides not liable to be out of order, which is
of great moment to all mills, as well as getting rid of the evil and expence of
straps, lists, &c., which are continually out of order, and renders every calcu
lation upon the produce of a mill, both as to quantity and twist in the thread,
uncertain.
The Figure 6, as also represented in the said Sketch or Drawing, I call a
simple john, which has many good qualities for the purpose of roving all
kinds of materials, and it is a good plan to spin any article that may require
to be spun soft.
For a further description of my said Invention I refer to the said Sketch or
Drawing hereunto annext, with the explanation thereof as set forth in the
words or figures thereunder written.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Passman, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Eighteenth day of April, in the year of our Lord
Christ Oue thousand seven hundred and ninety-seven, and in the
thirty-seventh year of the reign of King George the Third.
Inrolled the Twenty-fourth day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand seven hundred and ninety-seven.

page_text: Strap or Band P running in a Groove or on a Flat surface upon which the Warls of the Spind
rest and are carried round by their own weight when the Strap or Band is put in motion.
FICURE 6. Q a fixed pin. r a fix'd pulley or Wheel. s. a loose Pulley _t. a reverse Flyer
which is haced to the loose pulleys s. u. the Frame which holds the Bobbin and runs in a
Socket upon the Pin Q v. v. a pair of Bevil wheels the one fixed upon the pin Q and the
other upon the Shaft of the Rollers W.X. the Bobbin resting upon the Rollers W and as th
revolve they carry the Bobbin X round and causes it to take up regularly. B to make the lov
traverse and fill the Bobbin properly you must vary the size of the Pullies s and r and the
number of Teeth in the Wheels v. v. must be suited to the speed you wish to drive the Bobbin X.
leaver that discharges the Rollers and so contrived as to stop the Spindles and Rollers at
the same moment. E the Warls of the Spindles resting upon the driving Cylinder F. 9. the
Hoop made of Leather or any other material to prevent the spindle from grazing on the
surface of the Cylinder.
upon
the
FICURE 2 -Represents the same as Figure 1 H, tubelar spindles I The Red
other end of which is placed the Flyer and as the Rail upon which the Rod stands rises and
falls it causes the Rod to viberate through the Spindle to fill the Bobbin in this case the
Bobbin remains stationary upon the Tubelar Spindle which forms the awis for the same K.
the Arber for the driving Pullies with the Warls of the Spindles resting upon them.
FICURE. 3 L-A Segment of an Horizontal Pulley or Driver with Spindles resting upon
the edge of the same.