CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANU- FACTURING OF WROUGHT NAILS, AS ALSO IN THE TREATMENT OF THE IRON FROM WHICH SUCH OTHER KINDS OF NAILS MAY BE MADE
Year: 1859

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Campbell, Machinist, and George Worsten-
holm, Machinist, both of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, for
the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANU-
FACTURING OF WROUGHT NAILS, AS ALSO IN THE TREATMENT OF THE IRON FROM
WHICH SUCH OTHER KINDS OF NAILS MAY BE MADE."-Partly a communication
from abroad by George William Allen, of Rhode Island, United States
of America.
Sealed the 13th October 1859, and dated the 1st August 1859
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Campbell and
George Worstenholm at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 1st August 1859.
WC, WILLIAM CAMPBELL, Machinist, and GEORGE WORSTENHOLM, Machinist,
both of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, do hereby declare the nature
of our said Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE
MANUFACTURING OF WROUGHT NAILS, AS ALSO IN THE TREATMENT OF THE IRON FROM
WHICH SUCH OR OTHER KINDS OF NAILS MAY BE MADE," partly a communication
from abroad by George William Allen, of Rhode Island, one of the United
States of America, to be as follows (that is to say):-

page_text: The objections to the machines now in use for the manufacture of wrought
nails are their complication and the uncertainty of their movements, which
renders derangements and break downs not unfrequent; and our improve-
ments are intended to obviate these defects, by arranging the principal actions
that they shall be negative in their results at the time when nail blanks or
other pieces of iron or other metal or matter that may have been accidentally
placed or have got in or between the working parts; in addition to which, we
produce the nails at a more certain rate by being able to work our machines at
the same velocity, but without such liabilities of derangement that the machines
now in use are subject to, and in which machines we are enabled to introduce
the various means of adjustment for varying the size and proportions of the
nails we may desire to make, according to the metal of which they are to be
formed; and which metal, either iron, copper, or brass, according to the
description of nails we wish to produce, we roll in strips in the ordinary way,
with the exception that we gear the rolls together through which the metal is
intended to be passed in the process of rolling; and we sink on one or both
rolls, at certain distances apart, grooves of any desired shape, such grooves
being parallel with the axes of the rolls; by which means wo form our metal
from which the nails are intended to be made, that when the sheet is divided
into strips each strip shall have a projection on each edge or selvedge, and
which projection shall rise from the plane of the strip. In this condition it is
fit for the manufacturing of horse nails, spike, board, clasp, clout, ship, or any
other description where a head is desirable. Iron thus shaped to leave
partially formed a head on each blank, we cut in our improved machine
alternately from the strip of metal thus described, when such blanks when cut
are seized by grips, which presses the shank of the nail into the form required,
either taper, square, and with round or angular conical points, according to
the description of nail required or desired to be made. And before the nail
thus formed is free from the grip of the forming tools, other tools or dies
divided into two or more parts are brought into operation for giving the
proper or finished form to the head, at which time another blank is within the
grip of the forming tools ready for the dies for forming the head, by releasing
the former, and to receive the latter, and so on in succession. And although
we have described the form of our iron with projections to assist in forming
the head, nevertheless we do not purpose confining ourselves to that description
of sheet iron or other metal, as iron or metal rolled in the ordinary way may
be made into nails with our improved machine much better and more certain
than they have hitherto been made by the machines hitherto in use. Nor do

page_text: we confine ourselves to a single action machine, as the same arrangement is
applicable both in the forward or backward stroke; and our improvements in
the motions of the said machines consist, first, in an arrangement in the
heading apparatus, by which we make the action more certain and enduring.
Secondly, in that portion of wrought-nail machines technically called the
jumper, which we in some instances purpose to modify, as, for instance, the
jumping pins we purpose extending right through the jumper, and applying
at the bottom end enlarged heads for the purpose of adjustinent by set screws
pressing on saddles wormed to the same thread as the jumping pin; and our
improved mode of fixing the jumper in the machine is to hold it between two
pointed set screws passing through arms or brackets in the stand or frame of
the machine for that purpose, that part of the jumper held between the scţ
screws or pins being countersunk for that purpose; this mode prevents any
shaking or vibration in the working of this important part.
Another modification in our jumping apparatus consist in securing to the
side uprights or stand of the machine two arms extending inwards in a plane
with the side of the machine; on the top side of which reverse inclines are
formed, over which a traversing piece moves with corresponding reverse
inclines, that as the spring reciprocates, the inclines are brought into action,
and alternately rises and brings into use the dies for forming or pressing the
shank of the nail or nails in the forward or backward motion.
And further, our improvements in the description of machine before named
refers to the advance motion, which we purpose working between two centre
points in the same way in which we propose fixing our jumper, and holding
the same to its work by a strong helical or other spring. The said advancer
being regulated in its action by a friction roller, against which the advancer is
held by the power of the spring, and curved inclines being formed on that
portion of the advancer which works against the friction roller before referred
to, causes it to retire and advance alternately for advancing the blank to the
heading tools; but in some instances we purpose doing away with the
advancing apparatus altogether by modifying the form of the cutters so as
to leave the blanks in the position when freed by the cutter, whereby we are
enabled to head such blanks without advancing them from the position-in
which they have been cut out.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Campbell and George Worstenholm in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 1st February 1860.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, WILLIAM
CAMPBELL, Machinist, and GEORGE WORSTENHOLM, Machinist, both of Bir-
mingham, in the County of Warwick, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the First day of August, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, in the twenty-third year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto us, the
said William Campbell and George Worstenholm, Her special license that we,
the said William Campbell and George Worstenholm, our executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said William Campbell and
George Worstenholm, our executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURING OF WROUGHT NAILS, AS ALSO IN. THE
TREATMENT OF THE IRON FROM WHICH SUCH OR OTHER KINDS OF NAILS MAY BE.
MADE," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said William
Campbell and George Worstenholm, by an instrument in writing under our
hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the dato of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said William Campbell and George
Worstenholm, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement (that is to say):-
The objection to the machines now in use for the manufacture of wrought
nails is their general liability to derangements and break downs, arising from a
want of more perfect and certain means of adjustment in their various motions;
and our improvements are intended to obviate these defects by a better arrange-
ment of the frame or stand for receiving, balancing, and carrying the various
actions and working parts, as also the manner of placing the back die, that in
case in the process of working the last nail made should stick between the
dies before the next blank can be received, the vibrating action of the back die

page_text: in forming the angle of the next nail will knock or shake out the former, and
this applies to any other irregular piece of iron smaller than a nail blank
getting in between the forming dies; and by our various means of adjustment
we are enabled to make the working parts more enduring, whereby we not
only make the nails at a more certain rate, but of a more uniform and superior
quality, and the same principles we introduce into our machine, for its better
adjustment enables us also to alter or regulate its action for varying the size
and class of nails we may wish to make, and these principles are applicable
generally to double as well as single-acting machines without regard to the
nature or description of the metal from which the nails are intended to be
made, the cutters and dies being changed for the various size and class of
nails required, but for better definement our improvements may be described
generally under three heads; first, as relating to their general combination
for a single-acting machine; secondly, the combination and general appli-
cability of our improvements to double-acting machines; and, thirdly, to
the form and manner of preparing strips of iron or other metal for the
manufacture of nails, which consists in so rolling the iron or metal that trans-
versely with its fibre or grain a raised ridge will be formed on one or both
sides by sinking slight grooves on the face of the roll or rolls at certain dis-
tances apart parallel with their axis, and the rolls being geared together it will be
readily seen that, in finally reducing the iron or metal, the raised ridges first
described will be produced; not that we purpose confining ourselves to the use of
such prepared metal, as in some instances we may use metal rolled to a uniform
thickness or otherwise, if desired, and which iron or other metal we cut into
strips transversely, and place into our machine, as will be hereafter referred to.
Our improvements secondly consist in the introduction of our various
principles of adjustment for a double-acting nail machine, the primary motions
and working parts of which were invented and worked in the year 1847 at
Deptford, in the County of Kent, under the proprietorship, we believe, of a
Mr. Ezra Jenks Coates, who employed great skill and expended large sums of
money in first realising the original double-acting machine, in which he was
principally assisted by Samuel Godfrey Reynolds, who subsequently made and
patented the like machine in America, and which Patent is dated January 20th
1852, and published in the American Patent Office Report, the Scientific
American, and other publications, and which Patent has been extensively
worked in America, and continues to be at the present time; the elements
of which machine are thus described in an abstract of Specification published
in the American Patent Office Report of Reynold's Patent :-
"What I claim as my Invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent in

page_text: 66
"the making of wrought nails, is, the employment of the cutter for cutting
"wedge-formed pieces from a previously rolled plate of equal or nearly equal
" thickness substantially as described, preparatory to and in combination with
the moulding dies, which receive the cut pieces by suitable conveying appa-
"ratus from the cutters, and mould them to the required form by pressing,
"substantially as specified, so as to give the form by spreading the metal
"between the dies instead of by elongation as heretofore practised when making
"nails from cut blanks.
"I also claim the the vibrating cutter, and the faces or dies for confining
"and compressing the nails, arranged on both sides of the said cutters sub-
"stantially as described, when this is combined with the two stationary cutters,
having a space between the two through which the rod or plate of iron is
"fed substantially as described."
"
And our improvements on the machine thus described (and with which the
undersigned William Campbell was well acquainted in 1854, as well as our
correspondent G. W. Allen,) consists in the general modification of the parts as
before referred to, and in the means of adjusting the throw of the sliding bed
which enables us to dispense with much complication; secondly, in the manner
of setting up the jumper, so as to adjust it between two conical pins; thirdly,
in a novel arrangement of the jumper pins; fourthly, the manner of regulating
and adjusting the axis on which the rock arm works, as also the manner of
lifting the feed box lever; fifthly, the regulating or timing the motions of the
machine for the various size nails we may wish to make; sixthly, the mode of
mounting the headers; seventhly, the manner of holding and working the
advance motion or finger on which the quality of the nail greatly depends..
And our improvements under the first head consist in applying to the various
actions or motions of single-acting machines, the same means of adjustment
and setting up the various parts with their various necessary modified forms as
far as they are required, as appertaining to the double-acting machine. But
as our various improvements, as well as the form of iron or metal from which
we in some instances purpose making nails, will be better understood by
referring to the Drawings hereunto annexed, we will proceed to describe the
same, reference being made to the various figures and letters or characters
marked thereon, observing that in the various views, plans, and sections, the
same part or parts are marked with the same letter or character of reference.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
Fig. 1, Sheet 1, represents a top view of a machine for making nails named

page_text: be termed single acting, representing the loose pulley, and the shaft for
carrying the same, removed and broken off for convenience of space. A, A,
and A, A, represents the frame of the machine; and B, the driving shaft,
carrying the fixed pulley C, and cog wheel or pinion D, which is geared to the
intermediate cog wheel E, by which motion is given to the cog wheel F, the
relative proportions of which, with the pinion D, is two to one. The cog
wheel E works on an axis or stud secured to the frame by the nut a, and the
shaft on which the wheel F is fixed we call the cam shaft marked G; H is a
slide, partly shown in dotted lines, which carries the three bottom cutters, as
also the two bottom dies here shown marked o, o, acted on by the connecting
rod 1, connected to an eccentric on the shaft B by means of the gland b.
The connecting rods J, J, also derive their motion from two eccentrics on the
shaft B, underneath their inner ends; the cutters d, d, are attached by a hinge
joint, which cutters are partly shown in dotted lines, being obscured by the top
of the machine marked K, K, K, K, bolted down to the frame by the screw
bolts e, e, e, e; and for the better exhibiting the bottom dies o, o, and other
parts, the feed box, with the compound sliding and vibrating notion, is
removed. L, L, are the headers placed opposite each other, to be brought
into action alternately by levers marked M, N, which work on studs secured
to the frame of the machine, their inner ends resting on cams on the shaft G,
the levers being fitted with friction rollers in the parts that work over the-
cams; is the back die, adjusted and held by the key g and pin h; the back..
die bed is represented in dotted lines, and is vibrated by an eccentric secured.
to a vertical rod or shaft, the adjusting head of which is marked j, and as.the..
back die bed works on an axis below the back die, the inner end of the. top
and frame is curved to the same radius as the corresponding end of the back..
die bed, and which radius is shown in dotted lines, struck from the centre of
the pin on which it works, not shown in this view. The header punches are
set and adjusted by the set screws O, O, and held laterally by side screws.
going through the header box L, L; the inner ends. of the header punches.
marked, l, are obscured or partly shown in dotted lines, as also the clips m, m,
by which their inner ends are held down. n, n, are pins, secured or formed
on levers working on fulcrums at p, p, which levers and pins are actuated by
curved connecting rods secured to the slide E, but in some instances we may
dispense with these pin levers, their use being to throw or knock the nail from
between the dies, but which result we obtain by the vibrating action of the
back die bed. 9 is the centre sliding cutter, against the end of which the
blank is also pressed and headed, when, by the. action of the.eccentric, the
slide H and cutter q is brought back, moulding the blank between its working

page_text: end and the end of the back die, and the one of the bottom dies marked o, at
that, time in use and the bottom side of the top die, not shown in this view, at
which time the corresponding hender to the bottom die that is in use will be
advanced for forming the head. The slide is formed with an angular flange of
about forty-five degrees, and held down by overlapping side pieces, marked P,
partly shown in dotted lines, passing under the end of the top marked K;
these pieces are held down by screws marked r, r, r, r. The manner in which
we adjust the centre cutting die q is by means of a wedge marked 8, and set
screw t, so that by this description it will be.seen that the relative position of
the parts are in the position in which they would be placed at the time that
the eccentric on the shaft B (that actuates the slide H) is in its furthest
throw for pulling the slide back, and in that position that one of the bottom
dies on which the last nail was formed will again be brought into action
for forming the point guage for. guaging the next blank, as will be hereafter
seen..
Fig. 2 is an end view of Figure One, showing the fast and loose pulley, and
the larger portion of the feed box, omitted in the last Figure, and for con-
venience of space the bottom rail, and rail. for carrying the header springs, is
broken off, and which springs are partly shown in dotted lines marked u, u,
secured to a cross rail at the bottom marked u, v, and these springs being set.
for expanding the headers, it is evident that as they are alternately forced in
by the action of the cams Q, Q. lifting the levers M, N, and with them the
inclined planes w, w, the headers will be forced in, but as the cam. revolves,
and the inclined planes descend, the force of the springs will bring the headers
back. R and S are the cams for working jumpers, which jumpers are
somewhat in the form of bell-crank levers marked T and U, adjusted between
conical pointed set pins shown in dotted lines, on which they work, their lower
ends terminating in any convenient form for connecting them with springs, so
as to keep their working face against the face of the cams, the true form of
which will be hereafter shown; the use of, these jumpers is for supporting the
bottom die at the time of moulding, and heading the nail, as well as regulating
the alternate lower die for guaging the quantity of iron and amount of taper
clesired in the nail blanks. V.is an alternate screw cam, principally shown in
dotted lines, we say alternate because the inclination as here shown occupies
exactly one-half of its diameter, the other half being inclined backward
identical with this, by which means we give a horizontal oscilating motion to
a lever that vibrates and slides the feed box from side to side. W is a gland
that confines an eccentric on the cam shaft G, for giving motion to a compound
jointed arm Y, that gives motion to the vertical rod X, and to which rod an

page_text: eccentric is fixed for giving motion to the back die bed represented in dotted
lines, and described in Figure One, the pin head marked j, there referred to,.
being a conical pointed pin for fixing or setting up this vertical rod.
Fig. 3 is a side view of Figures One and Two representing the working parts
in nearly the reverse position to that exhibited in Figure One; the pinion,
intermediate and main cog wheel, are represented in dotted lines. The
jumper T is partly shown with its lower end bent around, forming a hook for
connecting the helical spring i. y is the head of one of the conical-pointed
pins-forming the fulcrum on which the jumper works. Y is the compound
lever and arm actuated by the eccentric working in the gland W referred to
in Figure Two, which, as there described, gives motion to the vertical rod X
partly shown in dotted lines, to which the eccentric is fixed for giving motion
to the bottom die bed here shown marked z, which bed works on a fulcrum
or pin partly shown in dotted lines marked x, and which pin is tapped and
screwed up from the bottom through a rail extending from side to side of
the frame partly shown in dotted lines marked a¹; the back die f is held down
on the back die bed by a strong pin h passing through a strong washer,
and screwed down into the back die bed. The slide of the feed box bis
represented broken off for convenience of space, in the front of which the strip
of iron or other metal is placed from which the nails are intended to be made,
sliding down in the feed box in the ordinary way with a bell mouth as at c' for
dropping it in, and when in the feed slide 6' rests upon it. At one side of this
a pin is formed which works through a slot in the lever e', and which lever
has a tendency to press downward by the adjustable weight and set screw f¹,
on the strip of iron from which the nails are being made; this arms works on
the fulcrum at k, and at its outer end is connected a vertical rod, which rod is
agin connected by a hanging joint to a foot piece or treddle marked g¹. h¹ is
a compound motion deriving its vibrating action from the stationary axis ¿¹
principally shown in dotted lines, and its sliding motion from the part j', which
rests on friction rollers working through slots, and put in motion by the rock
arm, deriving its action from the screw cam marked V, referred to in Figure
Two. is a screw-head for adjusting the centre 2, by which the amount of
the vibration of the feed box is effected; this part will be further explained
and exhibited in detail.
Fig. 4 is a. longitudinal section of Figures One and Three taken through the
dotted lines of Figure One marked m³, m³, showing the eccentric on the vertical
rod X for vibrating the back die bed, as also the pin x, on which it moves,
the jumper U working on its conical axis at y. u, shown entirely in dotted
lines in Figure Two, is the header spring, secured to the cross piece v. B is the

page_text: shaft showing the eccentric not in section, the position of its throw being indi-
cated by the dotted lines n',.n'; in this view the true position of the cams R
and S are shown as formed on the shaft G, for giving motion to the jumpers,
preferring to use a friction roller as at p', for working over the cams. Qrepre-
sents the cam, partly shown in dotted lines, in an opposite position to what it is
represented in Figure Two, thereby elevating the end of the lever N, for
bringing into operation the header in connection with the hender spring u,
preferring to use a friction roller as in the jumper for passing over the cam.
q is the top cutter held in the position here shown by the screw bolt r', with
its top inner corner bevilled off for allowing the strip of iron to be more
readily dropped in below the feed slide; in this view we are enabled to show
how the bottom cutter is adjusted; the screw pin t is screwed into the slide h,
and over that the wedge s is placed, and by raising or lowering the nut of the
bolt t, so the bottom cutter is adjusted and afterward held down by the
screw s¹.
Fig. 5 represents two eccentrics which work on each side of the slide cam
or beneath the glands marked t¹ and u" in Figures One and Two showing their
throw to be identically in the same direction as the eccentric that works the
slide, although their throw is not so great, and by which means the connecting
rods J, J, and the parts d, d, in Figure One are actuated.
Fig. 6, Sheet 2, represents the opposite end of our single-acting machine as
exhibited at Figure Two, Sheet One, in which view we are enabled to show
the compound action of the lever Y for actuating the vertical shaft X, as well
as a clearer view of the header springs and headers in dotted lines, as also the
rock arm A', which having a small pin fixed with a screw nut to its lower
end, we are enabled to apply a friction roller which works in the groove
in the screw cam V, and by which means it is vibrated, as will be seen by
referring to Fig. 7, which represents the cam shaft G, G, with the relative
position of the cams, the rock arms A' working on the fulcrum pins a", showing
how the rock arm is connected to the feed box, when the feed box is only
required to be vibrated, and not to slide as in the case of manufacturing horse
nails, the feed box vibrating on the fixed pin c", the throw being regulated
by depressing the end of the connecting rod d", for which throw we have
represented an imaginary scale at the top with a point formed on the slide b'.
Fig. 8 represents an end view of the top K with the rock arm A', and the
manner in which we vibrate and slide the feed box as represented and
described in Sheet One, as also in Figure Six. j, j, is a plate of cast metal
working horizontally on friction rollers mounted on suitable pins as at e", e¹¹,
screwed to the top K; f" is a pin secured to the plate j, j, projecting inward,

page_text: and on which the feed box vibrates; to the feed box two angle arms are fixed
marked h, h, the plate j, j, being united to them by pins at the bottom end,
but which pins may be raised or lowered by screws, by which means the the
pins 9", gl, may be raised or lowered for regulating the vibration, the arms h, k,
moving laterally on fulcrum pins ", h", which pins work through vertical
oblong holes in the plate j, j. By this means the feed box is not only vibrated,
but carried from side to side, thereby not only presenting the iron plate to the
cutting dies at the right angle, but in the desired place, so as to leave the
blank between the dies in such a position that the desired amount of iron is
left beyond the pressing cutter for forming the head. Fig. 9 represents the
relative position and throw of the cams, and also of the eccentric on the cam
shaft, with the exception of the screw cam, which acts in a reverse direction,
as shown and explained at V, Figure Seven. Instead of using the eccentric
B", Figure Nine, we may use the eccentric exhibited in a flat and sectional
edge view at Fig. 10, which instead of requiring a gland, the end of the lever Y
described in Figure Three, may be fitted with a pin and a friction roller to
work in the eccentric groove : Fig. 11 represents the top cutter in a front,
back, and top and bottom view; Fig. 12 represents a side, elge, and end
view of the bottom pressing cutter; Fig 13 represents a top and end view of
a side cutter; Fig. 14 represents a flat, edge, and end view of the back (lie
as suitable for rose head nails; Fig. 15 represents a side, edge, and front end
view of a back die to be used in the manufacture of horse nails; and Fig. 16
represents both sides, ends, and an edge view of the bottom die.
And having described this description of machine in its various forms and
details, we will refer to Figure Four, and by the aid of the other Figures describe
the various actions of the machine. The eccentric actuating the slide is approach-
ing its pressing and dead point as indicated by the arrow, at which time the
eccentric on the vertical shaft X is at its dead point, having brought the
back die bed z towards us for presenting the face of the back die f, f, so as to
give the necessary amount of taper to the nail; the compound arm and lever
actuating this shaft and eccentric is not shown in this view. The jumper U
is now brought into action by its respective cam for pressing up the bottom
die o for forming the shank, and holding it for the heading operation which is
just now coming into operation by elevating the lever N, and in succession the
feed box is vibrated over by the action of the rock arm (not shown in this
section), preparing for the next and similar operation on this side by the
carrying back of the bottom cutter with the slide II, lowering the jumper
so that the bottom die O may be pulled down by the action of the spring
in order that the finished nail may freely drop out and fall into a

page_text: hopper to be placed underneath for receiving and guiding them down a
inclined plane into a pan to be carried away, and by the passing around of
the cam from the lever N, the header on that side will also retire, which
brings the eccentric n¹ about in the reverse position, as here shown, at which
time the lower cam that actuates the jumper will be brought into operation
for again elevating the bottom die o to convert it into a point guage, as at this
time the slide is again advancing to cut another blank from the strip of iron
in the feed box in front of the cutter q, resting on the lower dies o, to be
guaged.off, and simultaneous with the advancing of the slide, the side cutters
exhibited and described at d, d, Figure One actuated with eccentrics, as exhi-
bited detached at Figure Five, and placed on the shaft B on each side of the
eccentric that actuates the slide H, the three advancing together, cutting of
the blank, the side cutters assisting alternately at this work; but as the
throw of the eccentrics on which they work is considerably less than the
eccentric that advances the slide (to carry the blank to the moulding dies) in
such a position as to leave a sufficient quantity of iron required for forming
the head, the side cutters stopping short on account of the reduced throw of
the eccentrics, just allowing room for the header punch to perform its work,
and thus by repeating the like operations on this side of the machine, the
blank will be finished. But, for illustration, we will suppose that the process
last described has finished or worked up the strip of iron in the feed box,
rendering it necessary for another strip to be applied, which, if of iron, it will
be necessary to be dropped into the feed box in a red-hot state, the attendate
first putting his foot on the treddle described at 9', Figure Three, for lifting up
the feed slide, in order that when freed it shall drop on the top end of the
strip of heated iron to keep it down to its work. And in order to keep the
working parts cool, the cutters and dies (which are made of suitable metallic
compounds or chilled cast iron) have grooves and channels through them for
a small stram of cold water to be poured on them, also for oil when
necessary. The Figures referred to in these Sheets are drawn to a scale of
three inches to the foot, except the cutters, which are drawn half size.
Before passing to another Sheet, we will observe that this description of
machine is capable of considerable modification, as, for instance, the eccentrics
working the slide and cutters, as also the side cutters, may be made in such a
way that they may be increased or decreased as desired, and instead of
vibrating the back die bed, as here shown, on a fixed centre, it may be made
stationary, attached to the top K, as well as to the top cutter, the whole.
vibrating on a strong pin near the cutter by means of an excentric, or other-
wise suitably placed.

page_text: Fig. 17, Sheet 3, represents an end view of the stand or frame marked A, A,
resting on a cast-iron trough or base marked B, part of the end broken off to
show angular projections, on which the legs of the frame A rest; C, C, is a
moveable top, bolted to the lower frame or part A by the bolts marked D,D;
E is a bent arm, held by the screw pin, here shown, marked a, the nut of
which is removed for the better exhibiting the slot in which it works. . The
use of this bent arm is for alternately vibrating the feed box, so as to present
the lower edge of the strip of metal from which the nails are being made at
an angle, for giving the necessary amount of taper to the nail or nail blank
alternately cut from the strip by the working of the machine. The arm and
feed is common to nail-making machines, but the manner of its adjustment
constitutes one of our improvements, which consist of the introduction of the
slot marked b, b.
Our Drawings are made to a scale of three inches to the foot, and it will
be readily seen that, by the introduction of the slot, we obtain a range of
nearly two inches for raising or lowering the screw a, the inner end of which
forms the centre on which the arm E rocks, and which centre is raised or
lowered by means of a vertical screw, shown partly in dotted lines marked C.
the same means of adjustment being used at the opposite end of the machine.
On the face of the nut that is raised and lowered by the screw c, a finger is placed.
marked, the outer end of which points to the divisions of a vertical scale
for the purpose of adjusting the axis of the rock arm alike at each end.
F, F, is the feed box, with two projecting ears marked d, d, through which
the bolt e passes, and which bolt is fixed securely on the top of the rock arm E,
last described. G is a plate of iron, technically called the feed slide, that
slides through side grooves formed in the feed box, and is pressed downward
by a lever, the end of which is only seen in this view marked f, the plate G
being now elevated in position, leaving free space for a strip of iron to be
dropped in underneath it, and the lever f freed, so that the plate G may be
pressed down on it. H is an end view of a sliding bed, that carries the
moveable cutters, one of which can only be partially seen in this view,.
marked g; standing behind the bottom die, partly shown in dotted lines with
a finished horse nail (also shown in dotted lines) resting on it, and the point
guage marked i, likewise partly shown in dotted lines. The cutter g is held
by being pressed against a middle support (not shown in this view) by the end.
screws j,j, while the slide itself is held down by the angle clips k, k, which
are set and adjusted by the screw pins l, partly shown in dotted lines.
The parts m, m, are simply projections cast on the end fram A, to give .
a longer range of bearing to the bed for the slide H.

page_text: I is an end view of the jumper (principally shown in dotted lines), which,
though not new in itself, is here applied in a novel way, and forms another
important feature in our improvements. On the inside of the end of the
frame A, two lugs or projections are cast, here shown in dotted lines marked.
n, n, with the end of the jumper placed between them; and through these
lugs two screws are placed, also shown in dotted lines, which screws are
pointed at their inner ends, the end of the jumper being fitted with corre-
sponding countersunk steel centres, so that the jumper shall work freely on
the points of the screws, to be hereafter referred to, which screws have only to
be turned in, when the jumper will be secured between their points, admitting
of the desired freedom or tightening up, so as to obtain a positive central but
free action of this important active part of nail machinery. The mode of
fixing the jumper heretofore has been effected by a pin passing through the
lugs or projections and the jumper, but as the jumper at this point is subject
to great stress, the pin and hole were constantly needing refitting, which is
entirely obviated by our improvements. J, J, are two uprights, forming part
of the standards or supports of the machine; at the reverse end one of these
is mad subservient for receiving the glands, marked P, for carrying the shaft
K, K, upon which shaft a cam, marked L, is formed for working the jumper;
and further upon this shaft we apply the lateral cam, marked M, which cam
is held to a fixed plate, marked N, by two lugs formed at its back which fit
into slots formed through the fixed plate N, to which it is united by pins on
each side, one of which can only be seen in this view, and by screwing in or
out either of the screws, shown partly in dotted lines at o, o, it is evident
that the throw of the cam will be decreased or increased as desired, and by
which means we are further enabled to regulate the vibrating action of the
feed box, as it is by this lateral cam that motion is given to the rock arm. by
its actuating the lever P. And to the lower end of this lever a steel shoe is
fitted on a screw pin, here exhibited in dotted lines, for working against the
lateral cam; and Q is a strong bolt, tapped or otherwise secured or formed to
the lower end of the lever P, and by means of this bolt or pin and the
spring R the steel shoe is constantly held against the face of the cam. X, X,
is a broad rail extending across and secured to the frame by strong bolts,
marked q, q; to this rail the strong springs W, W, are secured by strong
screws, as here shown. At the top of the springs, the headers are fixed,
which are actuated by levers, the ends of which are marked A¹, A¹. These
levers work on axes passed through the part B1, B¹, and are put in motion by
cams, fixed or formed on the driving shaft U, which cams alternately rise and
fall. the inclined planes being partly shown in dotted lines, marked C', C',

page_text: which inclined planes work against corresponding plates formed on the outside
of the headers, principally shown in dotted lines, marked D', D', hereafter to
be referred to. On the outside of the shaft K, K, the cog wheel S is fixed
by the set screws 7 and s, by which means we are enabled to exactly time the
motion of our machine according to the various sizes or descriptions of nails
we may wish to make, and which forms another important novelty in our
improvements of nail-making machines. The main shaft U is divided in the
middle for carrying a crank from which the slide II derives its motion, not
seen in this Figure. T, T, are fast and loose pulleys for receiving the band
by which the machine is intended to be worked, either by steam, water, or
other convenient power; the fast pulley being driven in the direction of the
arrows, and the cog-wheel V being also secured upon the main shaft U and
geared to the wheel S, the arrangements for its various actions are now
complete; the header t, partly shown in dotted lines, being now in position
for finishing the head of the nail before referred to as being in dotted lines,
while the header u, also partly shown in dotted lines, is waiting to be brought
into action for forming the head of the next nail that may be made in
succession by the retiring or reversed motion of the sliding bed H. v, w, are
the lower heads of pins for regulating the pressure of the nails on the bottom
die, and which pins we call "jumper pins," from the motion they derive from
their going through the jumper, which is rapidly lifted up and down by the
action of the cam L, a true sectional form of which is represented at Fig. 18,
the direction of its motion being indicated by the arrow. Fig. 19 is a side
view of Figure Seventeen, representing all the parts in the same relative
position, as exhibited in that Figure, as also the other working parts and
details, which could not be there exhibited. The fast and loose pulleys are
indicated by the dotted circles, marked T, T, and in this Figure the true form
of the rock arm E, E, is exhibited working on the moveable centre before
referred to, shown in dotted lines, secured by the nuts x, y, while the adjusting
screws are marked c, c, to be hereafter explained in a separate Figure. The
rock arm, as stated in Figure Seventeen, is actuated by the cam, marked M
in that Figure, coming in contact with the shoe secured to the end of the
lever P, and held by a set screw, the head of which is here represented in
dotted lines. On the lower end of the lever P the pin Q is secured, to which
the spring is attached for keeping the shoe constanly against the face of the
cam; and in this view the lever A' is exhibited partly in dotted lines and which
lever derives its motion from being secured to the side of the frame by the
bolt, marked a', and pressed down by a cam secured to the shaft U, the cam
working over a friction roller, which with the cam is shown in dotted lines,

page_text: The jumper pin
The true use of
The angle clips
and as the cam is to the extent of its throw, the other end of the lever has
been elevated, carrying with it the angle piece C', causing the header D' to
be advanced, forcing the heading punch t (shown in Figure Seventeen)
to its work, forming the head. The jumper pin, marked v, show also
in Figure Seventeen is here shown in dotted lines behind the spring W. The
jumper 1, to be hereafter referred to in other Figures, is supported by set pins
before described with conical points here exhibited in dotted lines, the head of
one of the pins being marked b', passing through the earn.
marked w is also here shown marked with the same letter.
those pins will be better defined hereafter in a sectional view.
that hold down the sliding bed I are also here seen marked k, k, k, k, as also
the screw head marked 1, 1, 1, 1; c¹ is a side or edge view of the back die
connected with the several parts for forming a nail, as in the position shown in
Figure Seventeen, and this back die is held up against the back of the top
cutter marked d, the parts that come in contact being represented in dotted
lines; the top cutter d' is held in a strong casting in connection with the part
C, C, by the set screws e¹, e¹, and bolt f¹ partly shown in dotted lines, the
back die c¹ being held up to its work by a set key abutting against the end of
the die and against the die bed marked g', and is held down on the bed by the
set screw h¹, while the die bed g' is held up against the point or end of the
adjusting screw by the bolt here shown in dotted lines marked f", and the
same parts that we have described as appertaining to the making of a nail in
the forward part of the machine, or to the right hand as here exhibited, apply
also to the same parts on the left-hand side, which are alternately brought
into action as the shaft U revolves, causing the bed H to slide backward and
forward, with this difference, the parts at the right-hand side are so situated
or conditioned as to be at that point or juncture of just finishing a nail, and
the parts on the left-hand side are in the position as if having just dropped or
forced down the nail made between them; the top cutter corresponding to d¹
being here marked k', and the back die, as before marked c³, is here marked ",
but is principally shown in dotted lines. The last nail made having been forced
out by the plunger m², m³, which is brought into action by the lever n¹
working on a fulcrum at o'; the extreme end of this lever passes through a
slot in the top end of the plunger m², and is pulled down into the position here
shown by a strap connected with it and the sliding bed H; the top end of this
strap is here shown partly in dotted lines marked pl; but passing again to the
right-hand side of the machine, the corresponding lever is elevated, but as the
bed E makes its return stroke, the strap which is there shown perpendicular,
marked q', will be pulled into an angle position, naturally pulling down the

page_text: end of the lever, and with it the plunger r, partly shown in dotted lines; S¹ is
the bottom cutter, and t¹ the point guage on which the iron rests before being
cut off, which is done by the return stroke or backward motion of the sliding
bed I, which carries and places it against the end of the back die land
underneath the top cutter ; the angle of these two parts and the angle of
the bottom cutter s' and bottom die here obscured by the point guage, when
brought together, forms the dic or cavity in which the shank of the nail is
formed, and which cavity is shown in dotted lines in the centre of the header
pin D'; the heading operation for heading and finishing the nail at the return
stroke of the bed H being placed as shown in dotted lines at Figure Seventeen
on the other side of the machine, as here represented. But as the quantity of
iron or metal is varied according to the size or description of nail we wish to
make, so the point guage t¹ is raised or lowered by a strong plate of iron
crossing the machine underneath, and held up and adjusted by strong bolts, of
which we prefer to use two on each side, the outside bolt being represented in
dotted lines and adjusted by the nut u'. The feeding apparatus, as described in
Figure Seventeen, is fitted with two ears or lugs marked d, d, and passed down
over the vertical pin or bolt marked e, and which bolt is secured or tapped as
before described into the rock arm E, E. is a front piece bolted against
the feed box F, as exhibited in the last Figure; f is a side view of a lever
supported upon a stand marked wi bolted to the rock arm; to the end of
this lever a coiled or other suitable spring is attached, secured in any
convenient way for exerting its force or pressing down the long arm of
the lever, the use of which is, that when the hot strip of iron or other
metal is dropped into the feed box beneath the feed slide G, the lever
presses the slide down on the iron or metal, so as to keep it in position
and to ensure that a due proportion, or the quantity desired (according to the
position of the point guage before referred to, marked t¹), shall be cut off at
each forward and backward motion of the bed. is a projection, of which
there are two, one behind the other, to be hereafter referred to, bolted or
formed on the rails of the frame that are extended out for carrying the main
shaft U, and to this projection a crank is fastened, shown here in dotted lines,
on the end of which an angle pin is formed, also shown in dotted lines; and
in order to comprehend this part, we must suppose that the last nail blank of
the strip of iron or metal has been made into a nail, and by a self-acting
arrangement or motion taken off from the main shaft U; the lever f has been
pulled up in the position here shown by the angle pin on the crank before
referred to, shown in dotted lines, coming in contact with a small projection,
also shown in dotted lines at the lower end of the connecting or swinging

page_text: bar y', at this moment the end of the lever f has passed up over a projection
formed in the angle piece, exhibited in dotted lines at Figure Seventeen, and
in this view marked z, z. This piece is secured at the back of the feed box by a
screw or pin at a¹¹, its upper end standing at right angles or nearly so, being
connected in a simple manner by a pin working through a loose hole in a
strong spring, shown in an edge view at Figure Seventeen, marked b¹¹, b¹;
and we will further suppose that a piece of iron or metal is dropped into its
place in the feed box below the feed slide G, the attendant will strike or push
the top end of the spring b", 6", which will immediately liberate the lever f,
causing the feed slide G to be pressed down on the strip of iron or metal so-
placed, in which, as worked up, the lever will descend untill its centre will
range in or near the direction of the dotted lines c", c, causing the projection
d" on the lower side of the heel of the lever to come in contact with the-set
pin of the swinging arm y', which brings it in position to be caught by the
angle pin of the crank before referred to, as secured to the part y', and which
crank pulls it down into the position here shown, which, elevating the other
end of the lever funtill it is caught and held as before described by the catch
and spring b", "; the vertical rocking motion of the crank and its support a
will be exhibited and explained in Sheet Four.
The manner by which we adjust the rock arm E, by which the true or
desired taper is given or imparted to the blanks from which we form our nails,
is an important feature in our Invention; and in order that we shall be well
understood as to its action and details, we have exhibited it in a detached view
On the outside of the ends C, C,,
at Fig. 20, and sectional view at Fig. 21.
a projection is formed, with a sunken square recess for receiving the nut
marked 2", and which, nut is worked up and down by the set screw c, c, and
on the front of the nut a finger or point is secured, in connection with which
a scale or index is formed, in order that the centre of the rock arm may be
lowered at each end exactly alike, and in the face of the nut a round hole is
formed for receiving a pin, which is also capable of adjustment, by its having
a flange and projecting part, which being tapped, is passed through a vertical
slot in the rock arm, clearly exhibited in Figure Seventeen, marked b, b. This.
pin or centre is represented in dotted lines in Figure Twenty-one, secured by
the strong nut e", in which Figure the hole is also shown for receiving the
bolt for adjusting the back die bed, the bolt of which in Figure Nineteen is
marked f, but for convenience of space the lower part of the rock arm,
exhibited principally in dotted lines in both Figures Seventeen and Nineteen,
marked P, is here broken off. Fig. 22, Sheet 4, represents the opposite
end view of our machine to Figure Seventeen (Sheet Three), but for con

page_text: '
venience of space the hollow trough or base exhibited in that Sheet, marked B,
is removed). In this view the glands for receiving the main shaft are exhibited
marked E, E, E, E¹, and upon the shaft U, U, the cams F, F, are fixed,
the form of which is exhibited in dotted lines at Figure Nineteen; these cams
are diametrically opposite each other in their eccentricity, the one to the right.
being now in full force, pressing on the friction roller of the lever A¹, the other
end of which being now elevated, bringing the header with its punch marked t
(in the other Figures) into operation. These levers are secured to bosses.
formed on the inside of the standards B', B', by strong pins secured on the
outside of the machine by nuts marked a¹ and ", but. it will be readily seen
by à practical mind, that the throw of the cams F, F, must slightly differ in
consequence of the lever on the right-hand side being longer than the one on
the left-hand side, as will be seen by referring to the same parts' in Fig. 23,
which is a top view of our machine with the rock arm E, and the shaft that.
gives motion to the jumper, as also the connecting piece that connects the
sliding bed II with its actuating crank formed in the centre of the driving
shaft U, U, and G₁; this connecting piece will be hereafter exhibited and
referred to. " is a strong pin for bolting the connecting piece to the slide.
And another important feature in our improvements in nail machinery
consist in providing the means for regulating the throw of the crank G₁; this
is very essential, because, by means of simple set screws, we are enabled to
increase or decrease its throw, thereby increasing or decreasing the sliding
action of the bed E to suit the various thicknesses of iron or metal from
which the various nails are. or inay be made, as also to obviate the incon-
venience that would otherwise arise from any variation in the thickness or
size of the shears or cutting part; and this highly essential delicate adjustment
is effected by forging, or otherwise forming on the inner ends of the shaft
U, U, in connection with the crank G', a strong square plate of iron, with
grooves for receiving the crank G¹, the ends of which are shown in this
Figure in dotted lines, and set by the screws i", i", and ", j"; but as this is
exhibited in Fig. 24, wo will describe it from that Figure, which is a longi-
tudinal section of the last Figure taken through the dotted lines H, H'; the
back header is not exhibited, nor the lever or cam in connection with it, for
the purpose of avoiding confusion; and. the shaft K, exhibited in Figures
Seventeen, Nineteen, and Twenty-two, and omitted in Figure Twenty-three, is
here drawn representing the cam L in a vertical position, and in this Figure
the general form and action of that part of the jumper is exhibited; but as
this part also forms an important feature in our Invention, we have exhibited
it in a separate top view at Fig. 25. n, n, are lugs or ears cast on the inside

page_text: of the end of the machine marked A, and for the sake of endurance, we fit a
steel socket, represented in dotted lines as at ", for receiving the conical
pointed set pins marked 6', ', which pins we also steel at the points.
And now by referring to Figure Twenty-four, it will be seen that at the
opposite end of the jumper, a friction roller is applied, principally shown in
dotted lines, which roller revolves as it works over the cam L, causing the
jumper to rise and fall twice at each revolution of the shaft K, which in an
ordinary way is caused to make from one hundred and thirty to one hundred
and fifty revolutions per minute, which doubling the action of the jumper
shows the importance of the conical adjusting pins before referred to, as also
the friction roller for running over the cam. The use of the jumper pins v, w,
is to regulate the vertical pressure on the nail blank at the moment of the
meeting of the bottom cutter and back die, at which moment the heading
operation takes place, which as soon as done, the cam will have passed its
vertical position, leaving the jumper to descend, thereby freeing the nail while
the sliding bed H is commencing its return stroke. The jumper pin v being
now in position to operate on the bottom die marked h, in Figure Seventeen,
but not shown in this view on account of its being a section, and the backward
throw or motion of the sliding bed H, will bring the bottom die spring "
immediately over the head of the jumper pin w; the bottom die on this side
is seen marked h. From this description it will be seen the importance of the
jumper pins, and of the means for their nice adjustment, to assist which we
further secure them by screws at m¹ and n¹¹. At the inner ends of these
pins pieces of steel are fitted, tapped with a corresponding thread to the jumper
pins, so that when the jumper pins are set with the assistance of ratchets and
palls, the screws m" and n¹¹ will retain and hold them in the position in which
they may have been set. Those inner bearings against the screws w, v, are
shown in dotted lines at Figure Twenty-five. ., are vertical conical holes
formed through the jumper for the nails to fall through as alternately made,
beneath which spouts are placed, made of sheet iron, for guiding the nails
into suitable receivers, in like manner as described in the single-acting
machines. I, I, are checks for holding up the bottom cutters, and held in
their position by the pins O", O", which work through slots in the side of the
sliding bed, and these cheeks are advanced and held to their work by pins
marked j, screwed in from the ends of the slide, in a straight direction at the
right-hand end of the slide, but slanting at the other end on account of the
position of that part of the slide for connecting it to the crank G, but
inasmuch as the sliding bed requires positive adjustment in its throw, apart
from the adjusting principles of the crank G³, we adopt the old plan of using

page_text: strong wedges, here shown in section marked p", 2", and marked with the
same letters in the top view, and it will be seen by knocking one in and the
other out, or the reverse, as desired, they will positively define and regulate
the exact traversing action of the sliding bed, the adjustment of the crank G¹
being made to work in unison with it. In the centre of our sliding bed we
have a solid piece of iron, forged or formed solidly with the sides, which imparts
great strength, and prevents the frequent breakages of the bottom cutters, and
with a view of giving better effect to this important novelty in our arrangement
of nail machinery, we steel the top part of the centre support. This arrange-
ment enables us to use all the angles or cutting edges of the bottom cutters
marked g and s, for when dull they may not only be changed sides with and
further changed ends with, and again reversed, so that each lower cutter will
have four cutting edges for work. in rotation at each grinding. The bottom
die has an indentation in it for a spring to press on, which spring is connected
to the bottom die spring, and introduced simply on account of the high velocity
with which the machine is worked, renders it necessary that all the working
parts shall be brought into their right position without depending upon gravi-
tation; but we do not speak of these springs as novelties, as they are common
to the slides of wrought nail machines. The point guage i is held up to its
work also by a spring and set screw; the end of the spring is marked q", and the
end of it being bevilled, works over a corresponding incline, which is technically
called the point guage bed, both being shown in Figure Twenty-three principally
in dotted lines marked 11, secured by the screw bolts u', u', exhibited and
described at Figure Nineteen. The top casting, marked c, c, is here represented
in the same longitudinal section, showing the nuts for receiving the adjustable
centres, as exhibited at Figure Seventeen, marked a, a, and here the means of
holding up and adjusting the back dies, as shown and described at Figure
Nineteen, the bolts and set pins being marked with the same letters, as also the
means of holding or securing the top cutters d'and, the vertical opening
between them being the space for the strip of iron or metal to pass down
between from which the nails are intended to be made, which, as cut off.
will rest for that purpose on the top of the point guage and bottom
dic h, to be brought back towards the back die l', by laying in the angle
formed by the bottom cutter s¹ and the top of the point guage and bottom
die h, and when brought in contact with the bottom die 1, the point of the
shank of the nail will be in front, leaving the reverse end to be headed by the
header on that side, and removing the sliding bed back into the same relative
position for making a nail on that side as it now stands on the right, in which
case the head of the nail blank would be in front In addition to the set

page_text: bolts here shown for holding the top. cutters k¹ and d³, side set screws are
applied, påssed in, in a straight and diagonal form, each side the beds; two of
those side screws. are shown at e¹, e, and the other two screw heads being
shown..in dotted lines; and which .screw heads are also seen, one above the
other marked. with the same letters at Figure Twenty-three. The round. holes
at O, O!, are for receiving the pins on which the plunger lever works, is
exhibited in the top view marked n', n'; the top casting C, C, is bolted down to
the frame of the machine A, A, by four strong corner bolts marked D, D, D, D,
the tops of the headers being shown on each side in connection with their
respective levers A',.A', and in this view the combined crank and eccentric
actions are exhibited for giving motion to the pendulous arm y', exhibited
and described at Figure Nineteen. The stands for supporting the small shaft
marked:S", S", on which is formed the crank t¹ and angle pin u"; this crank
derives its motion from a corresponding crank behind marked ", which is
again connected by the rod w¹¹ to a crank pin ind the end of the driving
shaft. U. Fig. 26.represents a top, side, and end view of the clip or clips for
holding down the bed H, and will need no further description.
Figs. 27 and 28, Sheet 5, represent a top and edge detached view of the
sliding bed H, H, with all its attendent parts, as well as the connecting arm;
not before, shown, for connecting it with the crank G¹ of the main shaft; and
these separate views and details are introduced for the better defining the
various parts.in connection with it, marked with the same letters as far as
they could. .be represented in the other Figures. The use of the screws
marked j,j, is for holding up the bottom cutters 9 and s'against the solid
parting piece of the bed, also marked H; " and are ratchets or toothed
uuts for regulating the position of the bottom die spring ". One of those
ratchet headed nuts, with its corresponding bolt or screw, is exhibited in the
section, Figure Twenty-four, and in the top view at Figure Twenty-three;
yy, are the springs for holding the bottom die, as before referred to.
Fig. 29 is a sectional end view of the bottom die bed marked ¹¹, its bevilled
surface corresponding with the bevil on the lower side of the point guage
spring just above it, marked q". Fig. 30 is a side detached view of the
header with spring W, and other attendant parts, showing the header punch u;
the part C works in a vertical slot entirely disconnected, but resting on the
inner ends of the levers A', which levers being elevated or depressed by the
action of the cams F', will also cause this part to rise and fall as before
described, and from its vertical sliding position, bringing its bevilled face
against the shoe K", will cause the header punch to be carried in for forming
the head of the nail, the end of the header punch being sunk into the desired

page_text: shape we wish to impart to the nail or nails that are being made. Fig. 31
represents a part of the shaft U, with its sunken journey and cam F', which
is also shown in a section as taken through the dotted lines, 21, and from
the position of the cam, the pin for carrying the connecting rod w", Figure
Twenty-three, is now in the position to appear in the middle of the shaft.
Fig. 32 represents a side, edge, and end view of the crank G', 'shown in dotted
lines in Figure Twenty-three, and in a transverse section at Figure Twenty:
four. The parts a are the same shape in their end views as at 6111 in the
last Figure, in which they slide, and acted on by the set screws " and ",
Figures Twenty-two, Twenty-three, and Twenty-four; by which means the exact
degree or amount of eccentricity is given to the crank as before described.
The general description of our machine, as here set and arranged, is intended
for making horse nails, and which we purpose making of iron rolled in such a
way that projections shall be formed at certain distances across its face or
faces as named under the third head of our improvements, and a strip of such
kind of iron we have exhibited in a flat and edge view at Fig. 83. This
description of iron may be rolled by being passed between properly geared
rolls, as exhibited at Fig. 84, with the journeys M¹, M', and N', N¹, repre-
sented broken off for convenience of space; on the lower roll flanges are formed
or applied marked L, L', between which the face of the top roll works which
steadys the general action of the rolls, which are intended to be geared and
set up in the usual way, with the means of screwing the top rolls down or the
bottom roll up for obtaining the right thickness of iron; and Fig. 35 represents
a side view of the rolls with the front flange L¹ of the lower roll removed for
showing the indentations on the face of the rolls, which grooves may be varied
in depth and size as required. Strips of iron thus formed are afterwards
divided transversely as through the dotted lines and d, in which condition
the strips are heated to a red heat, and dropped into the machine, alternately
cutting blanks, as exhibited detached at e¹, and by dotted lines across the
strip f, at Fig. 36, which blanks are further formed and finished into horse
nails, as before described.
And having given a general description, not only of our various improve-
ments in nail machinery, but have shown their applications, we will now
describe the actions in the consecutive way in which they will work in the
making of nails, supposing the band to be now on the driving pulley, which
may be driven at the rate of from a hundred and thirty to a hundred and fifty
revolutions per minute, more or less, according to the description of iron or
metal, or the kind of nails we wish to make, as we usually work the machine

page_text: slower in making large nails than we do in making small ones, but we think
as an average for horse nails we may work the machine at the rate of a
hundred and fifty revolutions per minute; and we will now suppose that a strip
of hot iron has been dropped into the feed box below the feed slide G, which
has been set in the diagonal position shown in Figure Seventeen, as two
degrees or divisions of the scale to the right by means of the lateral cam M
acting on the part P of the rock arm E, and the lever f freed by just tapping
in the spring " in the ordinary way; the iron will be pressed down by the
weight of the feed slide, and the spring acting upon the end of the lever fin
Figure Nineteen until the iron descends on to the point guage, at which
moment the sliding bed H, with its cutter s¹ for the return stroke, will cut off
a piece of iron from the strip the exact size required, and which blank will be
brought back against the back die, and in anticipation of its contact with the
die, the jumper begins to rise, which elevates the bottom die, and by the time
the cam L has fully elevated the jumper, the back die ', as exhibited in the
section, Figure Twenty-four, the top cutter ³, the lower cutter s', and the
bottom die h, will encompass and press into form the shank of the nail, at
which moment the back cam F will have brought into operation, by means
of the lever A', the header punch for forming and completing the nail, and on
the return stroke or motion of the slide H, the lever n brings into operation
the plunger m', which frees the nail, which falls through an opening in the
bed H, and the hole in the jumper, as seen at Figure Twenty-five, by which
time, by means of the spring shown full at R, Figure Twenty-two, exerting its
contracting force, will have pulled the shoe fitted to the end of the adjusting
screw of the lever P against the bottom of the lateral cam M, causing the feed
box to lean two degrees or divisions of the scale to the left, as exhibited at
Figure Twenty-two, and-as the slide H advances it will bring the lower cutter g
in contact with the cutter d', cutting off a blank to form a nail in the
advanced motion, and which motion terminates in the completion of a nail, as
before described, and so on alternately cutting off and completing a nail at
each forward and backward action of the sliding bed or revolution of the main
shaft. The foregoing description applies to the manufacture of horse nails;
but in using ordinary iron, and making rose head nails, we apply at each end
of the sliding bed studs, as exhibited at 9, 9, Fig. 37, secured by screw
bolts or otherwise, as convenient, the part h¹ working in centre points, and
which part is exhibited detached also marked h¹, and to this part the end of
the advancing arm marked " is secured, and which arm is shown in a flat
and edge view at Fig. 38.

page_text: Fig. 39 represents an edge, side, and top view of a spring stop which is
fastened on each side of the sliding bed in such a position that the part j
shall come opposite the front of the bottom die on each side, and instead of
making this part to vibrate on a joint (the mode now in use), we use a thin
steel spring marked secured to the side of the head of the bolt marked
by a set screw, this plan will be found more enduring and certain than the
joint, as the scale from the iron and other grit frequently wears and causes
them to shake and work bad.
Fig. 40 represents a flat and edge view of an adjustable friction roller for
egulating the action of the advancing arm, Figure Thirty-eight, and which
adjustable rollers are fastened on to the top, one on each side, by the set
screw m, and adjusted in the position by the screws 7, 1, which works
through a fixed projecting, piece marked o", and by this means the part pl
is set in or out, as required. qis a friction roller, principally shown in
dotted lines, and as the part works backward and forward, the cam 7111
works over the friction roller q, and as this part works on the fixed centre
described and exhibited at Figure Thirty-seven, it is evident that the finger
end will advance and retire at each motion of the slide; thus when the
blank is cut off, the finger S will push the blank at its smallest end towards
the point of the spring stop 1, Figure Thirty-nine, leaving the blank in the
true position for its shank to be moulded into the shape desired, and the head
to be formed, thus performing a very important duty in nail making, the
cam being held against the friction roller q by a helical or other suitable
spring, for upon the nice adjustment of these parts the quality of the nail
greatly depends.
Having thus given a full description of nail machinery, and our general
modifications and improvements in the same, we wish it understood that we do
not purpose confining ourselves to the exact form or mode of construction
herein described and exhibited, as the same may be varied without departing
from the intent and object of our improvements; but what we claim and wish
protected by these our in part recited Letters Patent are,―
Firstly, the general construction of machines for the manufacture of wrought
nails with the various means of adjustment, and regulating the working parts
as described and exhibited on Sheets One and Two, comprehending the first
part of our improvements, without reference to any particular class or descrip-
tion of nail or nails that may be made by the said machine.
.
· Secondly, our general arrangement, modification, and construction of nail
machines comprehended under the second head of our improvements for the

page_text: manufacture of nails of various sizes and descriptions, as exhibited generally in
the various views, sections, and details on Sheets Three, Four, and Five.
Thirdly, the means of setting up the jumper, as also the jumper pins
described and exhibited in a side and top view at Figures Twenty-four and
Twenty-five, Sheet Four; also in dotted lines at Figure Seventeen, Sheet
Three, or their equivalents..
Fourthly, the manner of mounting the headers on springs marked W, W,
shown generally in the various views and sections, and detached at Figure Thirty
with the header complete.
Fifthly, the means of adjusting the pins or centres for regulating the the
radial action of the rock arm E, described and exhibited at Figures Seventeen,
Nineteen, Twenty, and Twenty-one, Sheet Three, or their equivalents.
Sixthly, the arrangements described and exhibited partly in dotted lines at
Figure Nineteen, Sheet Three, and also in the top view, Figure Twenty-three,
Sheet Four, for lifting the feed slide.
· Seventhly, the means herein described and exhibited at Figures Twenty-three
and Twenty-four, and in the details at Figures Thirty-one and Thirty-two for
regulating the throw of the crank pin that actuates the slide marked H.
Eighthly, the making or forming the part of the slide H between the bottom
cutters of solid iron or steel with the slide, or the top angles of which may
be
faced with steel, if desired; this part is shown clearly in the section, Figure
Twenty-four, marked H, between the cutters marked s' and g. This arrange-
ment imparts great strength and stability to the cutters for sustaining the
pressure on each side during the process of cutting and pressing the nail as
well as the use of two bottom cutters in connection with the same, the said
cutters having four working edges or angles on each.
Ninthly, the application to single and double acting nail machines of the
means or principle of timing the action of the jumper without altering the cam.
Tenthly, the parts exhibited on Sheet Five, working in centres marked ",
in Figure Thirty-seven, as also in a top view at Figure Thirty-eight, and the
spring, in Figure Thirty-nine, for placing the blank between the dies to be
formed and headed, as described.
And, lastly, we claim the description of iron or other metal named under the
third head of our improvements, and exhibited at Figure Thirty-three, Sheet
Five, without confining ourselves to the form of or the raising of the ridges on
both sides of the strip, as it may be used in the manufacture of nails, by raising
the ridges on one side only, forming them sufficiently apart (according to the
length of the nail desired) to form a head on each side. And although we

page_text: have described this iron or metal as applicable to nails generally, whether cut
or wrought, nevertheless we believe it best suited for the manufacture of
horse nails.
In witness whereof, we, the said William Campbell and George
Worstenholm, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Twenty-
eighth day of January, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and sixty.
WILLIAM CAMPBELL.
(L.S.)
0 Witness,
GEORGE WORSTENHOLM. (L.S.)
JAMES S. COCKINGS, Patent Agent,
Birmingham.