IMPROVE- MENTS IN THE PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING ARTIFICIAL STONES, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FUEL
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Rudolph Bodmer, of Newport, in the County of
Monmouth, and William Wilson, Foreman, in the Employ of Messieurs
Bodmer, Brothers, of Newport, aforesaid, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING ARTIFICIAL STONES, PARTS OF
WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE MANUFACTURE OF
ARTIFICIAL FUEL."
Sealed the 8th July 1862, and dated the 28th January 1862.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Rudolph Bodmer and
William Wilson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 28th January 1862.
We, RUDOLPH BODMER, of Newport, in the County of Monmouth, and
WILLIAM WILSON, Foreman, in the Employ of Messieurs Bodmer, Brothers,
of Newport, aforesaid, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING ARTIFICIAL STONES, PARTS OF
WHICH IMPROVEMENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL
FUEL," to be as follows:-
The first part of our improvements relates to the process of manufacturing
artificial stones, for which Letters Patent were granted to Lemuel D. Owen,
dated the 28th day of May 1856, No. 1270, and consists in mixing with the
materials of which the artificial stones are made a certain quantity of sal

page_text: ammoniac, either in a dry state in the shape of powder, or dissolved in water.
In place of sal ammoniac other salts of "ammonia, such, for instance, as
sulphate of ammonia, may be substituted for the same. The proportions in
which the salts of ammonia are to be used dépends on the nature and the
proportions of the materials which are to form the body of the brick or
stone. We have found that for one thousand bricks, weighing about three
tons, and made of one part by weight of lime and four parts by weight of
sand, an admixture of about three pounds of sal ammoniac accelerates the
process of induration very perceptibly; but we wish it to be particularly
understood that we do not mean to confine ourselves to these proportions.
In addition to the process described in the Specification of the Patent
of the said L. D. Owen, we also make hydraulic and fire-proof stones and
bricks entirely of hydraulic or other limes, or of a combination of different
varieties of lime. In the manufacture of these stones or bricks the. salts of
ammonia may also be used with advantage.
"The second part of our improvements relates to the manufacture of artificial
stones or bricks of a black or dark color, such as are often required in
buildings for ornamental purposes, and it consists in taking for the body of the
stone or brick, or for the principal portion of the same, either pit coal or
coke reduced, in preference, to powder by crushing or grinding, or any
desirable proportion of either or of both of these materials, and incorporating
them or either of them with such a proportion of lime, or natural or artificial
calcareous cement, as will, after compressing these ingredients in moulds in
a moist state, convert them in the course of a comparatively short time into
stones of sufficient hardness to render them fit for use. We also use charcoal,
either alone, or in combination with pit coal or with coke, or with both, for
these purposes.
Our improvements in the process of manufacturing artificial stones or
bricks are in so far applicable to the manufacture of artificial fuel, as the coal,
coke, and charcoal, when treated in the manner above described, can be used
as fuel, the only difference being that in this case the proportion of lime or
natural or artificial calcareous cement must be taken as small as possible con-
sistently with the ultimate requisite degree of hardness and firmness of the
compressed fuel. This mode of manufacturing artificial fuel is applicable,
with great advantage, in cases where large accumulations of coal or coke in a
pulverulant state occur, as, for instance, in or near coal mines or coal
wharves, in the vicinity of coke ovens, and so forth, coal, coke, and charcoal in
a pulverulent state being in the majority of cases either of very little or of
no commercial value at all.

page_text: We employ sal ammoniac or other salts of ammonia in the manufacture of
black or dark blocks or bricks, whether such blocks or bricks be intended for
building purposes or for use as artificial fuel.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Rudolph Bodmer and William Wilson, in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 28th July 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, RUDOLPH
BODMER, of Newport, in the County of Monmouth, and WILLIAM WILSON,
Foreman, in the Employ of Messieurs Bodmer, Brothers, of Newport, afore-
said, send greeting..
WHEREAS Her most. Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by. Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of January, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-fifth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
us, the said Rudolph Bodmer and William Wilson, Her special licence, that
we, the said Rudolph Bodmer and William Wilson, our executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said Rudolph Bodmer and
William Wilson, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with; and no others, from time to time and at, all times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands and Isle of Man, an Invention for. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING ARTIFICIAL STONES, PARTS OF WHICH IMPROVE-
MENTS ARE ALSO APPLICABLE TO THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FUEL," upon
the condition (amongst others). that we, the said Rudolph .Bodmer and
William. Wilson, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under our or their, or one of our or their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said. Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent..
.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Rudolph Bodmer and William
Wilson, do hereby declare, the nature of our said Invention, and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described. and, ascer-
tained in and by the following statement:―
The first part of our improvements relates to the process of manufacturing

page_text: artificial stones, for which Letters Patent were granted to Lemuel D: Owen,
dated the 28th day of May, 1856, No. 1270, and consists in mixing with the
materials. of which the artificial stones are made a certain quantity of sal
ammoniac, sulphate of ammonia, or other salts of ammonia, either in a dry
state in the shape of powder, or dissolved in water. The quantity of the
salts of ammonia to be used depends upon the nature and the proportions
of the materials of which the body of the brick or stone is to be composed.
We have found that for one thousand bricks, weighing about three tons, and
made of one part by weight of lime, and four parts by weight of sand, an
admixture of about three pounds of sal ammoniac accelerates the process of
induration very perceptibly; but we wish it to be particularly understood that
we do not mean to confine ourselves to these proportions. We also make
stones or bricks entirely of hydraulic or other limes, or of a combination of
different varieties of lime to resist the influence of water and heat, and in the
manufacture of such stones or bricks we use sal ammoniac or other salts of
ammonia, in the manner above mentioned.
The second part of our improvements relates to the manufacture of artificial
stones or bricks of a black or dark color, such as are often required in buildings
for ornamental purposes, and it consists in taking for the body of the stone
or brick, or for the principal portion of the same, either pit coal or coke,
reduced, in preference, to powder by crushing or grinding, or any desirable
proportion of either or of both of these materials, and incorporating them or
either of them with such a proportion of lime or natural or artificial calcareous
cement as will, after compressing these ingredients in moulds in a moist
state, convert them, in the course of a comparatively short time, into stones
of sufficient hardness to render them fit for use. We also use charcoal, either
alone or in combination with pit coal or with coke, or with both, for this purpose.
Our improvements in the process of manufacturing artificial stones or bricks
are in so far applicable to the manufacture of artificial fuel, as the coal, coke,
and charcoal, when treated in the manner above described, can be used as
fuel, the only difference being that in this case the proportion of lime, or
natural or artificial calcareous cement, must be taken as small as possible
consistently with the ultimate requisite degree of hardness and firmness of the
compressed fuel. This mode of manufacturing artificial fuel is applicable;
with great advantage, in cases where large accumulations of coal or coke in
a pulverulent state occur, as, for instance, in or near coal mines or coal
wharves, in the vicinity of coke ovens, and so forth, coal, coke, and charcoal
in a pulverulent state, being, in the majority of cases, either of very little or
of no commercial value at all.

page_text: We employ sal ammoniac or other salts of ammonia in the manufacture of
black or dark blocks or bricks, whether such blocks or bricks be intended for
building purposes or for use as artificial fuel.
Having now described the nature of our improvements, and the manner in
which the same may be carried into effect, we wish it to be understood
that what we claim as the Invention intended to be secured to us by the
herein-before in part recited Letters Patent, is,―
First, the application and use of sal ammoniac or other salts of ammonia
in the manufacture of artificial stone or bricks made according to the process
described in the Specification of Lemuel D. Owen's Patent, No. 1270, dated
the 28th day of May 1856.
Secondly, the manufacture and use of artificial stones or bricks entirely. of
hydraulic or other limes, or of a combination of different varieties of lime, for
the purposes herein-before mentioned.
Thirdly, the manufacture and use of artificial stones or bricks of a black
or dark color, either for building purposes or for fuel, in the manner herein-
before described.
Fourthly, the application and use of sal ammoniac or other salts of
ammonia in the manufacture of artificial stones or bricks made entirely of
hydraulic or other limes, or of a combination of different varieties of lime,
or in the composition of which natural or artificial calcareous cements are
employed.
In witness whereof, I, the said Rudolph Bodmer, have hereunto set my
hand and seal this Twenty-eighth day of July, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two.
RUDOLPH BODMER. (L.S.)