IMPROVEMENTS IN SCREW RIVETS FOR BOOT PEGS AND SCREW NAILS FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES, AND IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF SCREW RIVETS AND SCREW, NAILS, A PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY MAY ALSO BE APPLIED TO OTHER PURPOSES.
Year: 1866

page_text: County of Warwick, Machinist, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
SCREW RIVETS FOR BOOT PEGS AND SCREW NAILS FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES, AND
IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF SCREW RIVETS AND SCREW, NAILS, A
PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY MAY ALSO BE APPLIED TO OTHER
PURPOSES.
1
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Alfred Christmas Andrews
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
1st March 1866.
I; ALFRED CHRISTMAS ANDREWS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick,
Machinist, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN SCREW RIVETS FOR BOOT PEGS AND SCREW NAILS POR VARIOUS PURPOSES,
AND IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF SCREW RIVETS AND SCREW NAILS,
A PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY MAY ALSO BE APPLIED TO OTHER
PURPOSES," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists, firstly; in making a continuous helical or screw
thread upon the stems of rivets and nails made from wire, the said screw
thread commencing at the top of the stem and terminating at the junction of
the stem with the conical point; the depth of the thread cut or made upon the
stems varies with the diameter of the stems. By making a continuous

page_text: helical or screw thread upon the rivets and nails the act of driving the rivet or
nail causes it to rotate and thereby to adhere or hold with great firmness to the
material into which it is driven.
My Invention consists, secondly, of the arrangement or combination of parts
of machinery herein-after described for the screwing or threading, pointing and
cutting off of lengths of wire for the making of screw rivets for boot pegs and
screw nails for various purposes. That part of the said machinery by which
a spiral or screw thread is cut or made may also be applied to screwing or
threading wires or rods for other purposes. The parts of the said machinery are
arranged and worked essentially in the following manner :-On the bed of the
machine is a travelling headstock, to which a reciprocating sliding motion is
communicated by a connecting rod and excentric worked from the main shaft
of the machine. The said travelling headstock-is hollow, and carries at its
front end a holder, in which are fixed the dies by which the wire fed into the
machine is screwed or threaded... The holder carrying the dies is capable of
rotation in one direction only, a pall engaging in the teeth of a' ratchet wheel
preventing the rotation of the holder excepting in the proper direction. The
said holder carries antifriction rollers which bear against the end of the
travelling headstock, and hence enable the said holder to rotate with great
ease, the said rollers receiving the entire thrust or strain of the wire during
the action of the worming or screwing dies upon the wire. The screwing
dies and travelling headstock constitute the feeder of the machine as herein-
after explained. At the opposite end of the machine to that at which the
travelling headstock is situated is a fixed-headstock in which a rotating pointing
tool works, the said pointing tool having a reciprocating motion given to it, and
between the said travelling headstock and rotating pointing tool is a pair of
gripping dies by which the wire being screwed or threaded is gripped or held.
The opening and closing of the said gripping dies is effected by a cam worked
from the main shaft of, the machine; near the gripping dies is a circular saw,
to which motion is given by a train of wheels from the main shaft of the
machine; this saw is capable of rising and falling so as to cut off the required
lengths of wire at the proper times, the rising and falling motion being effected
by a cam on the same shaft as that carrying the cam for operating the gripping
dies. The action of the machine is as follows:-The wire being held in the
gripping dies, the travelling headstock makes its advance motion, that is, it
moves away from the said gripping dies; as the wire is incapable of rotation
and the screwing or threading dies turn with great readiness, as the said diés
are drawn along the wire they rotate in consequence of the screw thread in
their interior, and cut a screw thread or worm upon the fixed wire. As soon as

page_text: The rotating
The circular
the screwing dies carried by the travelling beadstock begin to perform their
return motion the gripping dies open, and the wire is fed through the said
gripping dies towards the rotating pointing tool by the retiring motion of the
headstock; the headstock coming to rest preparatory to making a second
advance motion the gripping dies close and again fix the wire.
pointing tool advances against the end of the wire and points it.
saw next advances and cuts off the pointed and screwed wire.
pointing tool retire preparatory to the feeding forward through the gripping.
dies of a second screwed portion of the wire which was being screwed by the
advance motion of the screwing dies and headstock, while the wire was held
by the gripping dies. The screwed and pointed lengths of wire are headed so
as to convert them into screw rivets and screw nails in the ordinary way.
The saw and
SPECIFICATION filed in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
and of an Order of the Lord Chancellor, by the said Alfred Christmas.
Andrews in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 18th September 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ALFRED
CHRISTMAS ANDREWS, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Machinist,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the First day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the twenty-ninth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Alfred Christmas Andrews, Her special licence that I, the said Alfred
Christmas Andrews, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said Alfred Christmas Andrews, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and
at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SCREW RIVETS FOR BOOT PEGS AND SCREW NAILS FOR VARIOUS
PURPOSES, AND IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF SCREW RIVETS AND SCREW
NAILS, A PART OF WHICH IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY WAY ALSO BE APPLIED TO
OTHER PURPOSES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Alfred
Christmas Andrews, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner

page_text: the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after
the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Alfred Christmas Andrews, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is
to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement; reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):
My Invention of "Improvements in Screw Rivets for Boot Pegs and
Screw Nails for various Purposes," consists, firstly, in making a 'continuous
helical or screw thread upon the stems of rivets and nails formed from wire.
This screw thread commences at the top of the stem and terminates at the
junction of the stem with the conical point; the depth of the thread cut
or made upon the stems should vary with the diameter of the stem. By
making a quick continuous helical or screw thread upon the rivets and nails
the act of driving the rivet or nail causes it to rotate while entering the
substance into which it is being driven and adhere or hold with great firmness
to the material into which it is driven.
In the accompanying Drawing Fig. 1° represents an enlarged view of one
of my screw rivets, pegs, or nails for boots. It will be seen that the screw
thread extends from the top, or nearly so, to the point, and is of such pitch
that when the rivet, peg, or nail is driven either into a 'leather sole or into a
piece of wood it must turn round on its longitudinal axis and worm its
way into the substance, and hold with very considerable tenacity.
My Invention relates,' secondly, to the arrangement of machinery for
screwing or threading, pointing and cutting off of lengths of wire for making
the screw rivet for boot pegs and screw nails for various purposes. I would
here remark that that part of the machinery by which a spiral or screw thread
is cut or made on the wire may also be applied to screwing or threading
wires or rods for other purposes.
.:
The machine for effecting this object is shewn in the accompanying
Drawing, in which Fig. 1 'is a front elevation of the machine; Fig! 2 is a
plan view; Fig. 3, an end view; and Fig. 4, a cross section. On the bed a of
4a
the machine is mounted a travelling headstock b; to which a 'reciprocating
sliding motion is communicated by means of a connecting rod and excentric c
worked from the main shaft d of the machine. The travelling headstock is
hollow and carries at its front end a holder d', in which are fixed the dies by
which the wire 'as it is fed into the machine is screwed or threaded. The
holder d' which carries the dies is capable of rotation in one direction only;

page_text: as a pawl which engages in the teeth of a ratchet wheel ⚫ will prevent the
rotation of the holder excepting in the proper direction. This holder d¹ is
provided with antifriction rollers d, which bear against the end of the
travelling headstock, and hence enable the holder to rotate with great ease
and without undue friction, as the rollers d³ receive the entire thrust or strain
of the wire during the action of the worming or screwing dies upon the wire.
The screwing dies and travelling headstock: 6 constitute the feeder of the
machine, as will be herein-after explained. At the opposite end of the machine
to that at which the travelling headstock 6 is situated is a fixed headstock b¹;
in which a rotating pointing tool f, Fig. 1, works; this pointing tool has a
reciprocating motion given to it by means of the bell-crank lever 'g, which is
actuated by a cam on the main driving shaft. Between the travelling head-
stock 6 and the rotating pointing tool f is a pair of gripping dies h, by which
the wire while being screwed or threaded is gripped or held securely. The
opening and closing of the gripping dies is effected by a cam h¹ worked from
the main shaft of the machine. Near the gripping dies is a circular saw i, to
which motion is given by a train of wheels i¹, i, i, from the main shaft of
the machine. This saw is capable of rising and falling so as to cut off the
required lengths of wire at the proper times, the rising and falling motion
being effected by a cam on the same shaft as that which carries the cam for
operating the gripping dies h.
The action of the machine is as follows:-The wire being held in the
gripping dies h, the travelling headstock 6 makes its advance motion (that is;
it moves away) from the gripping dies, and as the wire is incapable of
rotation and the screwing or threading dies with the holder d¹ turn with
great facility, it will readily be understood that as the dies are drawn along
the wire they will be made to rotate by means of the screw thread in their
interior, and will thereby cut a screw thread or worm upon the fixed wire.
As soon as the screwing dies carried by the travelling headstock a begin to
perform their return motion the gripping dies h will open and the wire will be
pushed or fed through the gripping dies towards the rotating pointing tool f¹
by the retiring motion of the headstock. On the headstock coming to rest
preparatory to making a second advance motion the gripping dies h will.close
again and securely hold the wire for a second operation. The rotating pointing
tool will then advance against the end of the wire and point it. The circular
saw i will next advance and cut off the pointed and screwed wire, which
will fall down into a receptacle placed below for the purpose. The saw i
and pointing tool will then retire preparatory to the feeding forward through
the gripping dies of a second screwed portion of the wire which was being

page_text: screwed by the advance motion of the screwing dies. and headstock while the
wire was held by the gripping dies. The screwed and pointed lengths of
wire may be headed in the ordinary way so as to convert them into screw
rivets and screw nails.
Having now described my Invention of "Improvements in Screw Rivets
for Boot Pegs and Screw Nails for various Purposes, and in Machinery for
the Manufacture of Screw Rivets and Screw Nails," and having explained
the manner of carrying the same into effect, I claim as the Invention secured
to me by Letters Patent, as aforesaid forming the stems of rivets and nails
with a continuous helical or screw thread as and for the purpose herein set
forth; I also claim the general arrangement. of machinery herein set forth
whereby the wire of which the. rivets or nails are made is screwed, pointed,
and cut off.
In witness whereof, I, the said Alfred Christmas Andrews, have hereunto
set my band and seal, the First day of September, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
ALFRED CHRISTMAS ANDREWS. (L.B.)
Witness,
GEORGE KYNOCH,
45, Hampton Street,
Birmingham.