IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR GENERATING AND CONDENSING STEAM.
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS: PATENT to Edward Field, of Chandos Chambers, Adelphi, in
the City of Westminister, Consulting Engineer, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR GENERATING AND CONDENSING STEAM.".
Sealed the 8th November 1867, and dated the 13th May 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Edward. Field at the
Office. of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th May 1867.
I, EDWARD FIELD, of Chandos Chambers, Adelphi, in the City of West-
minster, Consulting Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Inven-
tion for "IMPROVEMENTS: IN APPARATUS FOR GENERATING AND CONDENSING
STEAM," to be as follows:
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for generating
and condensing steam. I employ series of pipes or tubes placed at an,
inclination (preferably of about one in twelve) from the horizontal, and;
arranged in such manner that their higher extremities communicate with>>
another pipe or tube or other pipes or tubes constituting a steam space or
steam spaces, the lower ends of such inclined pipes or tubes being likewise in
communication with another pipe or tube, or other pipes or tubes forming a
water space or water spaces, in which sediment thrown up by the circulation

page_text: of the mixed water and steam in the pendant tubes herein-after mentioned
will be deposited, or special chambers may be provided to receive such
sediment. The inclined tubes are provided with pendant water tubes of any
suitable description, preferring those commonly known as the "Field" tubes,
and described in the Specification of Letters Patent, No. 2956, granted the
1st day of November 1862, to Moses Merryweather, Richard Moses Merry-
weather, and myself, such tubes being situated in the furnace flue or heated
chamber or chambers in such manner as may be most desirable to meet the
requirements of particular cases. I may mention that a boiler according to
this Invention may be conveniently arranged as follows, but I do not confine
myself to such arrangement:-I construct a furnace of fire-brick or other
suitable material, such furnace being provided with a flue or chamber into
and through which the heated products of combustion pass to the chimney;
one side of this flue or chamber is provided with a ledge or recess, on or in
which rests the pipe or tube constituting the steam space of the boiler; .a
similar ledge or recess on the opposite side of the furnace serving to receive
and support the pipe or tube forming the water space, so that the inclined
pipes are situated across the upper part of the flue or chamber, into which
their pendant tubes hang in such manner as to be acted upon by the heated
products of combustion in the passage of the latter from the furnace to the
chimney. The inclined pipes or tubes may be of cast iron formed with bosses
having tapering holes bored through them, into which holes pendant wrought-
iron "Field" tubes are drifted; on the upper sides of the inclined tubes above
each of the pendant tubes is cast a boss, through which and the inclined tube
itself is formed a hole slightly larger in diameter than the pendant tubes;
these holes provide ready means of access to the interior of the boiler and
pendant tubes, and are covered by tapering plugs or frustums of cones secured
in their positions by bolts and nuts. The brickwork of the flue is carried up
in such manner as to protect the side water space or tube of the boiler from
the direct action of the heated products of combustion. Above the inclined
tubes are iron plates resting on suitable ledges and covered with ashes for
preventing the radiation of heat. Suitable plates are provided in the flue for
directing the course of the products of combustion, so that they may impinge
in the most efficient manner upon the pendant water tubes. The ends of the
inclined tubes may be secured by flanged joints and bolts to the respective
tubes constituting the steam space and water space before mentioned.
In some cases to prevent the deposit of saline, earthy, and other matters
I make use of interior. tubes formed of zinc, fitting easily into the pendant
water tubes and other parts of the boiler previously referred to and forming

page_text: linings thereto; these inner tubes like the pendent tubes are closed or par-
tially closed at their lower ends, and are by preference formed with openings;"
so that in case of any water being contained in the space between the pendant
tube and the zinc lining tube the steam resulting from the evaporation of
such water may be allowed to escape freely into the body of the main tube.
./
In some cases the zinc lining tubes inay be formed in two or more segments
divided longitudinally in such manner as to leave space along their lines of
junction for the escape of steam from the space between the outer tube and
the zinc lining, as before mentioned. In these cases each zinc segment may be
formed at its lower end with a corresponding portion of horizontal part or
bottom, so that when the segments are placed in position the whole of these
horizontal parts meeting together may constitute a zint bottom to. the entire
lining; or instead of the zinc bottom to the lining being formed as described
a zine washer may be dropped into the tube so as to form a loose bottom to
the lining. In some cases the zinc tubes may be cut longitudinally (or not
joined) and sprung into position; in these and other respects the formation of
the zinc lining tube is obviously susceptible of various modifications. This
method of lining may be employed in pendant tube boilers of other construc-
tions than that above mentioned. In boilers having tubes passing through the
water space and constituting flues or passages for the passage of the flame and
products of combustion from the furnace or furnaces of the boiler, I cover
the outer surfaces of such tubes with removable tubes or covers of zinc fitting
easily into the tubes first mentioned, and provided with openings whereby any
steam generated between the main tube and its zine covering may be allowed
to escape freely into the body of the boiler; these tubes as in the case of
water tubes may be variously formed, as, for example, the zinc covering tube:
instead of being formed with openings at intervals for the escape of steam
from the space between itself and the main tube may be formed for that
purpose at its upper side with a slit or opening running throughout its entire
length, or the zinc tube may be cut longitudinally (or not joined) and slipped.
on to the fire tubes and tied with wire or otherwise secured. Otherwise instead
of covering such flue, tubes, or passages as descrbed with: an external tube:
of zinc fitting loosely thereon I galvanize or coat the outer-surfaces of such
tubes with zinc by the ordinary or any other convenient process of galvanizing.
In boilers of the ordinary construction, or other boilers differing from those:
already referred to, I coat or line.such surfaces as are exposed to the action
of water and are liable to incrustation by the deposit of saline, earthy, and
other matters thereon with sheets or plates of, zine having suitable.. openings
for the escape of steam from the space between themselves and the ironsto

page_text: which they are attached.. It will be understood that the zinc tubes and lining
plates above referred to may be readily renewed when requisite; or otherwise
instead of covering such parts with sheets or plates of zinc as described I
cover or coat them with zinc by the process known as galvanizing. In cases
where water tubes open at both ends are employed, such tubes may either be
fitted with removable zipe linings or may be galvanized, as in the cases already
referred to. The means above described of lining and coating the surfaces of
tubes with zinc tubes or plates may be employed in apparatus for, condensing
steam.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Edward Field in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
12th November 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, EDWARD
FIELD, of Chandos Chambers, Adelphi, in the City of Westminster,. Consulting
Engineer, send greeting..
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters.
Patent, bearing date the Thirteenth day of May, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirtieth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Edward Field, Her special license that I, the said Edward
Field, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such. others as I,
the said Edward Field, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no, others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make
nse, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and.
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an. Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR GENERATING AND CONDENSING STEAM," upon the
condition (amongst others) that I, the said Edward Field, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of.
their hands. and seals, should. particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in. what manner the same was to be performed,.
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent, Office within. six
calendar months next and immediately after the date of, the said Letters.
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Edward Field, do hereby declare
the nature: of my said Invention, and in what manner, the same is to be:

page_text: performed, to be particularly described' and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in apparatus for generating*
and condensing steam. I employ series of pipes or tubes placed at an incli-
nation (preferably of about one in twelve) from the horizontal, and arranged-
in such manner that their higher extremities communicate with another pipe,
or tube or other pipes or tubes constituting a steam space or steam spaces, the
lower ends of: such inclined pipes or tubes being likewise in communication;
with another pipe or tube or other pipes or tubes forming a water space or
water spaces in which sediment thrown up by the circulation of the mixed;
water and steam in the pendant tubes herein-after mentioned will be
deposited, or special chambers may be provided to receive such sediment.
The inclined tubes are provided with pendant water tubes of any suitable
description, preferring those commonly known as the "Field" tubes, and;
described in the Specification of Letters Patent, No. 2956, granted the First,
day of November One thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, to Moses:
Merryweather, Richard Moses Merryweather, and myself, such tubes being
situated in the furnace flue or heated chamber or chambers in such manner:
as may be most desirable to meet the requirements of particular cases.
may mention that a boiler according to this Invention may be conveniently:
arranged, as shewn in the accompanying Sheet of Drawings, but I do not-
confine myself to such arrangement..
I.
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal vertical section of the boiler with its furnace taken
through the line A, B, of Fig. 2; Fig. 2 is a cross section taken through the.
line C, D, of Fig. 1; and Fig. 3, a horizontal section of part of the furnace!
and boiler taken through the line E, F,. of Fig. 1.
:
a represents a furnace constructed of fire-brick or other suitable material,
such furnace being provided with a flue or chamber 6 into and through which;
the heated products of combustion pass to the chimney, as indicated by the
arrows.. One side c of this flue or chamber 6 is provided with a ledge or
recess d, on the bottom of which rest the higher ends of the inclined tubes*
supporting the pipe.or tube e constituting the steam space of the boiler;` a¦
similar ledge or recess.f on the opposite side of the flue or chamber b serving.
to receive and support the pipe or tube 9 forming the water space, so that the;
inclined pipes h are situated across the upper part of the flue or chamber 6,
into which their pendant tubes i hang in such manner as to be acted upon:
by the heated products of combustion in the passage of the latter from the
furnace to the chimney. The inclined pipes or tubes h may be of cast iron.
formed with bosses k having tapering holes bored through them, into which

page_text: holes the pendant wrought-iron "Field" tubes i are drifted. On the upper
sides of the inclined tubes h, above each of the pendant tubes -i, is cast a
boss n, through which and the inclined tube itself is formed a hole o slightly
larger in diameter than the pendant tubes; these holes o provide ready
means of access to the interior of the boiler and pendant tubes i, and are
closed by tapering plugs or frustums of cones' p secured in their positions by:
bolts and nuts, as shewn. The brickwork of the flue 6 is carried up in such
manner as to protect the side water space or tube g of the boiler from the
direct action of the heated products of combustion. Above the inclined
tubes h are iron plates 9 resting on suitable ledges r, and 'covered with ashes s
for preventing the radiation of heat; suitable plates are provided in the
flue for directing the course of the products of combustion, so that they may
impinge in the most efficient manner upon the pendant water tubes i. The
ends of the inclined tubes h may be secured by flanged joints u and bolts, as
shewn, to the tubes e and g constituting the steam space and water space
respectively, as before mentioned.
In some cases to prevent the deposit of saline, earthy, and other matters, I.
make use of interior tubes formed of zinc, fitting easily into the pendant:
water tubes and other parts of the boiler previously referred to and forming
linings thereto; these inner tubes, like the pendant tubes, are closed or
partially closed at their lower ends, and are by preference formed with opening,
so that in case of any water being contained in the space between the pendant
tube and the zinc lining tube the steam resulting from the evaporation of
such water may be allowed to escape freely into the body of the main tube..
In some cases the zinc lining tube may be formed in two or more segments
divided longitudinally in such manner as to leave space along their lines of
junction for the escape of steam from the space between the outer tube an!
the zinc lining, as before mentioned; in these cases such zinc segment may be
formed at its lower end with a corresponding portion of horizontal part or
bottom, so that when the segments are placed in position the whole of these
horizontal parts meeting together may constitute a zinc bottom to the entire.
lining; or instead of the zinc bottom to the lining being formed as described
a zinc washer may be dropped into the tube so as to form a loose bottom to
the lining. In some cases the zinc tubes may be cut longitudinally (or not
joined) and sprung into position; in these and other respects the formation of
the zinc lining tube is obviously susceptible of various modifications. This
method of lining may be employed in pendant tube boilers of other constructions
than that above mentioned. In boilers baving tubes passing through the.
water space and constituting flues or passages for the passage of the flame and.

page_text: products of combustion from the furnace or furnaces of the boiler I cover the
outer surfaces of such tubes with removable tubes or covers of zinc fitting
easily into the tubes first mentioned, and provided with openings whereby any
steam generated-between the main tube and its zinc covering may be allowed
to escape freely into the body of the boiler; these tubes, as in the case of;
water tubes may be variously formed, as, for example, the zinc covering tube
instead of being formed with openings at intervals for the escape of steam
from the space between itself and the main tube may be formed for that
purpose at its upper side with a slit or opening running throughout its entire
length, or the zinc tube may be cut longitudinally (or not joined) and slipped
on to the fire tubes and tied with wire or otherwise secured. Otherwise
instead of covering such flue, tubes, or passages as described with an external
tube of zinc fitting loosely thereon I galvanize or coat the outer surfaces of
such tubes with zinc by the ordinary or any other convenient process of
galvanizing. In boilers of the ordinary construction or other boilers differing
from those already referred to I coat or line such surfaces as are exposed to the
action of water and are liable to incrustation by the deposit of saline, earthy, and
other matters thereon with sheets or plates of zinc having suitable openings
for the escape of steam from the space between themselves and the iron to
which they are attached. It will be understood that the zinc tubes and lining
plates above referred to may be readily renewed when requisite; or otherwise
instead of covering such parts with sheets or plates of zinc as described I
cover or coat them with zinc by the process known as galvanizing. In cases
where water tubes open at both ends are employed, such tubes may either be
fitted with removable zinc linings or may be galvanized, as in the cases
already referred to. The means above described of lining and coating the
surfaces of tubes with zinc tubes or plates may be employed in apparatus for
condensing steam.
Having thus described the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same may be conveniently carried into effect, I would have it understood
that I do not confine or limit myself to the precise forms or details shewn and
described; but that I claim,-
Firstly, in apparatus for generating steam the use or employment in combi-
nation with pendant water tubes of series of pipes or tubes placed at an
inclination from the horizontal, and so arranged that their higher extremities
communicate with another pipe, tube, or chamber, or other pipes, tubes, or
chambers constituting a steam space or steam spaces, the lower ends of such
inclined pipes or tubes being likewise in communication with another pipe,
tube, or chamber, or other pipe, tubes, or chambers, forming a water space

page_text: or water spaces. in which sediment may collect or deposit, substantially as
described.
Secondly, in apparatus for generating and condensing steam the use or
employment substantially as: herein set forth of the means described for
preventing the deposit of saline,' earthy, and other matters.
In witness whereof, I, the said Edward Field, have hereunto set- my
hand and seal, this Twelfth day of November, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven. .:
EDWARD FIELD. (L.S.)
Witness,
W. LLOYD WISE.