CERTAIN IMPROVE- MENTS IN FENDERS AND OTHER ARTICLES ORDINARILY USED IN CONNECTION THEREWITH.
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Joseph Crawford, of Dudley, in the County of
Worcester, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS IN FENDERS AND OTHER ARTICLES ORDINARILY USED IN CONNECTION
THEREWITH.
"
Sealed the 19th March 1875, and dated the 24th September 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Joseph Crawford at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
24th September 1874.
I, JOSEPH CRAWFORD, of Dudley, in the County of Worcester, Manu-
facturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for
"CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN FENDERS AND OTHER ARTICLES ORDINARILY USED IN
CONNECTION THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists in corrugating, fluting, or embossing the
bottoms of fenders, pans, and other like articles, instead of having them
flat as at present, the object being to save manual labour, obtain
increased strength, improve the appearance, and effect economy.

page_text: It is well known in the trade that to flatten and take out the buckle
of thin metal plates requires the flattening hammer to be used by the
hand of a skilful workman for a considerable time, and that even after
the plates have been once flattened they frequently become uneven and
buckled in in time by the effect of variations in the temperature, and it is
to prevent this loss and inconvenience that I corrugate, flute, or emboss
the plates in order to make them so strong and rigid that not only is
there no buckling, but no flattening is required, and when the bottoms
are covered with a coating of zinc rust is prevented.
The corrugations, flutes, or embossments may be of any required size,
shape, and pattern, the rollers of the rolling mill being specially adapted
for the purpose.
On the accompanying Sheet of Drawings Fig. 1 is a transverse
section, and Fig. 2 a front elevation of machinery or apparatus con-
structed and adapted for producing straight corrugations or flutes, the
DPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters latent,
filed by the said Joseph Crawford in the Great Seal Patent Offic
on the 24th March 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOSEPHI
CRAWFORD, of Dudley, in the County-of- Worcester, Manufacturer,
send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-fourth day of September, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-
eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Joseph Crawford, Her special licence
that I, the said Joseph Crawford, my executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as I, the said Joseph Crawford, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the

page_text: Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention, for" CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS IN FENDERS AND OTHER ARTICLES ORDINARILY USED IN CONNECTION THERE-
WITH," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Joseph
Crawford, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their lands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to-be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Joseph Crawford, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, that is to say:-
This Invention consists in corrugating, fluting, or embossing the
bottoms of fenders, pans, and other like articles, instead of having them
flat as at present, the object being to save manual labour, obtain.
increased strength, improve the appearance, and effect economy.
.
It is well known in the trade that to flatten and take out the buckle
of thin metal plates requires the flattening hammer to be used by the
hand of a skilful workman for a considerable time, and that even after
the plates have been once flattened they frequently become uneven and
buckled in time by the effect of variations in the temperature, and it is
to prevent this loss and inconvenience that I corrugate, flute, or emboss
the plates in order to make them so strong and rigid that not only is
there no buckling, but no flattening is required, and when the bottoms
are covered with a coating of zinc rust is prevented.
The corrugations, flutes, or embossments may be of any required size,
shape, and pattern, the rollers of the rolling mill being specially adapted
for the purpose.
In the accompanying Drawings is illustrated machinery constructed
Fig. 1 is a transverse section, and Fig. 2 a front elevation of the

page_text: actuating the rollers; and d, springs for adjusting the pressure, the
plates to be fluted or corrugated being inserted between the rolls at d.
Having thus described the nature and particulars of my said Inven-
tion, I claim the improvements in fenders and other articles ordinarily
used in connection therewith, as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said Joseph Crawford, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twentieth day of March, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-five.
Witness,
THOMAS KENDRICK.
JOSEPH CRAWFORD. (L.S.)