IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING, SHAPING, AND DRESSING STONE
Year: 1869

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to David Jackson and James Riley, both of Oldham,
in the County of Lancaster, Contractors, and George Robert Ray,
of Dukinfield, in the County of Chester, Engineer, for the Invention
of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING, SHAPING, AND DRESSING
STONE."
Sealed the 1st April 1870, and dated the 20th October 1869.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said David Jackson, James
Riley, and George Robert Ray at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 20th October 1869.
We, DAVID JACKSON and JAMES RILEY, both of Oldham, in the
County of Lancaster, Contractors, and GEORGE ROBERT RAY, of Dukin-
field, in the County of Chester, Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING,
SHAPING, AND DRESSING STONE," to be as follows:-
The block of stone to be shaped or dressed is placed on a table mounted
on wheels or otherwise, which is traversed to and fro on a bed plate by a

page_text: rack and pinion or other equivalents. Above the block of stone is a
revolving cutter made by preference with two or more chisels set
tangentially in a holder. This tool holder is supported in a headstock
to which a to-and-fro motion is given at right angles to that of the table
by a screw or other equivalent. The tool holder has also an up-and-down
motion given to it by a screw or otherwise to vary its position according
to the size of the block of stone, and to give the required cut to the
tools. The tool holder is turned round by a side shaft and gearing, or by
a driving belt acting direct on a pulley on the spindle of the tool holder.
In some cases the lateral to-and-fro motion of the tool holder may be
dispensed with, and both the longitudinal and lateral motions given to
the table supporting the stone to be operated upon.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said David Jackson, James Riley, and George Robert
Ray in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 19th April 1870.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, DAVID
JACKSON and JAMES RILEY, both of Oldham, in the County of Lancaster,
Contractors, and GEORGE ROBERT RAY, of Dukenfield, in the County of
Chester, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twentieth day of October, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine, in the thirty-
third year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said David Jackson, James Riley, and
George Robert Ray, Her special licence that we, the said David Jackson,
James Riley, and George Robert Ray, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said David Jackson, James Riley, and
George Robert Ray, our executors, administrators, and assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR CUTTING, SHAPING, AND
DRESSING STONE," upon the condition (amongst others) that we, the said
David Jackson, James Riley, and George Robert Ray, our executors

page_text: or administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or their,
or one of our or their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the
same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great
Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said David Jackson, James Riley, and
George Robert Ray, do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement (that is
to say)-
The block of stone to be shaped or dressed is placed on a table mounted
on wheels or otherwise, which is traversed to and fro on a bed plate by
a rack and pinion or other equivalent. Above the block of stone is a
revolving cutter, made by preference with two or more chisels set
tangentially in a holder. This tool holder is supported in a headstock to
which a to-and-fro motion is given at right angles to that of the table
by a screw or other equivalent. The tool holder has also an up-and-down
motion given to it by a screw or otherwise to vary its position according
to the size of the block of stone and to give the required cut to the tools.
The tool holder is turned round by a side shaft and gearing, or by a
driving belt acting direct on a pulley on the spindle of the tool holder,
In some cases the lateral to-and-fro motion of the tool holder may be
dispensed with, and both the longitudinal and lateral motions given to
the table supporting the block of stone to be operated upon.
And in order that our Invention may be fully understood and readily
carried into operation, we will proceed to describe the accompanying
Sheet of Drawings, reference being had to the figures and letters marked
thereon.
Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of our improved machinery for cutting,
shaping, and dressing stone, and Figure 2 is an end elevation of the same.
In these views a represents the block of stone to be operated upon,
and 6 the table to which it is fixed. This table is mounted on wheels c,
which run on the rails d forming the bed plate. The table b is traversed
to and fro on the rails d by the pinion e' gearing into the rack 6' fixed
to the table. Above the block of stone is the revolving cutter f, con-
sisting in this instance of four chisels fixed tangentially in the tool holder,

page_text: but the number of chisels may be varied. The boss of the tool holder
fits on the shaft g, and there is a key in the tool holder taking into a
groove in the shaft in order that the rotary motion of the shaft may be
communicated to the tool holder while the tool holder is at liberty to
move to and fro on the shaft. The tool holder is traversed to and fro at
right angles to the table 4 by the screw h, which passes through a nut
fixed in the headstock which fits on the slide j; this slide is attached
to the end of the swing frame k, which swivels on the fulcrum studs /
fixed to the standards or pedestals m. The outer end of the swing frame k
is supported by the two regulating screws n, which pass through nuts
mounted on trunnions fitted in bearings fixed to the swing frame; these
screws may be turned round by hand to regulate the depth of the cut,
and they are turned by power to raise or lower the level of the cutters
according to the depth of the stone to be operated upon. The gearing
for giving motion to the various parts of the machine consists of the
driving shaft o, which revolves in bearings fixed in the fulcrum studs of
the swing frame k; this shaft is turned round by steam or other power.
To the shaft o is fixed the large pulley o³, which by a crossed belt drives
the pulleys g¹ on the shaft 9, thereby giving the requisite rotary motion
to the cutters f. To the shaft o is also fixed the drum o³, which by
means of an open and a crossed strap gives motion to the pulleys p', on
the shaft p. To this shaft are fixed the bevel pinions p³ gearing into the
wheels q, which are attached to the spur pinions q' gearing into the
wheels n¹ fixed to the screws n. By this gearing the end of the swing
frame can be either raised or lowered according to the thickness of the
stone to be operated upon. The depth of the cut can also he regulated
by this gearing, The to-and-fro motion is given to the table & in the
following manner; -The drum o' is provided with an open strap for
driving the three pulleys r', r³, and 7³, on the shaft r. The pulley r¹ is
keyed on the shaft; is the loose pulley, and the pulley r³ is also loose
on the shaft but fast to the pinion r', which gears in the wheel e³ fixed
to the shaft e, To the shaft r is also fixed the wheel gearing into a
similar wheel 8' on the shafts, to which is also fixed the pinion 8³
gearing into the wheel e' on the shaft e. When the strap is on the
pulley the pinion drives the wheel e and shaft e in the proper
direction for moving the table 6 in the direction of the arrow in Figure 1,
but as soon as the stone a has passed beyond the cutters the reversing
motion, which is similar to that of an ordinary planing machine, moves
the strap from the pulley, to the pulley; the wheel then drives

page_text: the shaft 8, and the pinion 82 gives motion to the shaft e in the contrary
direction, thus bringing the table back. The cutters are traversed across
the face of the stone by the attendant turning the handle on the end
of the screw h, or a self-acting motion, as shewn in Figure 1 and in the
detached views Figures 3 and 4, may be applied to the screw h. This self-
acting motion consists of the crank e³ with an adjustable crank pin, as
shewn in dotted lines in Figure 1. The crank e³ is connected to the shaft e
by a friction boss, and it rests against a fixed stud every time the shaft e
reverses its motion. These studs are so placed that the crank is allowed
to perform half a revolution and is then stopped. To the crank pin is
connected one end of the link u, the other being jointed to the lower
end of the double lever o, to the upper end of which are jointed the ends
of the two links v, v¹; the other end of the link is jointed to the catch
lever he mounted on the end of the screw h, and the other end of the
link v' is jointed to the lever h³, which is also mounted on the screw h.
Both the levers h² and h³ are provided with catches taking into the toothed
wheel h, which is loose on the end of the screw h, and the wheel /* is
cast with the internal toothed wheel gearing into the carrier pinion j',
which is mounted on a stud fixed in the end of the slide j, and the
pinion gears into the pinion he fixed to the screw h. As soon as the
shaft e begins to rotate in the contrary direction to that in which it is
now supposed to be revolving the crank es is brought over to the other
side of the shaft e; this motion of the crank moves the double lever o*
from the position it occupied into the position indicated by dotted centre
lines, and in so moving the link moves the catch lever h³ in the
direction of the arrow in Figure 3, which acting on the wheels h* and h³
and pinions and he turns the screw h partly round in the contrary
direction, thus traversing the headstock g and cutters of the required
distance over the surface of the stone. While the catch lever h³ is thus
moving the screw the oatoh lever h³ is being brought into position for
acting on the screw at the next reversing motion of the shaft e; these
operations are repeated until the cutters have traversed over the stone.
In order to keep the cutters cool and prevent the dust caused by the
chipping of the stone we apply a jet or jets of water, as shewn at t in
Figure 1. The end of the flexible pipe f¹ is provided with a tap and nozzle t
secured to the under side of the headstock i, consequently as the head-
stock is moved to and fro to traverse the cutters over the face of the
stone the jet or stream of water is directed against the points of the
cutters, which are thereby kept to the proper temper.

page_text: Having thus stated the nature of our Invention, and described the
node of performing the same, we wish to remark that we do not intend
o limit ourselves to the details given as various modifications may be
nade without departing from the peculiar character of our improvements,
nd in some cases, instead of giving a to-and-fro motion to the cutters
t may be found preferable to let the cutters revolve in stationary
earings, and to impart both longitudinal and lateral to-and-fro motions
o the table on which the stone is fixed.
to limit ourselves to the details given as various modifications may be
made without departing from the peculiar character of our improvements,
end in some cases, instead of giving a to-and-fro motion to the cutters
it may be found preferable to let the cutters revolve in stationary
bearings, and to impart both longitudinal and lateral to-and-fro motions
to the table on which the stone is fixed.
We claim as our Invention,-
First. The general combination and arrangement of the parts forming
a machine for cutting, shaping, and dressing stone, as shewn and
described.
Secondly. The swing or swivel frame for supporting and regulating
the level of the cutters, as shewn and described.
And, thirdly. The self-acting motion for traversing the cutters over
the face of the stone, as shewn and described.
In witness whereof, we, the said David Jackson, James Riley, and
George Robert Ray, have hereto set our hands and seals, this
Sixteenth day of April One thousand eight hundred and
seventy.
DAVID JACKSON,
(L.S.)
JAMES RILEY.
(L.S.)
GEORGE ROBERT RAY. (L.S.)