matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN WIRE BRUSHES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Abraham at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 24th January 1881.
SAMUEL ABRAHAM, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Brush Manu-
facturer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN WIRE BRUSHES."
My Invention consists in certain improvements whereby wire brooms and
brushes are made more serviceable and durable than those that have been made
heretofore. Wire brooms and boiler and casting brushes made of ordinary wire
are very liable to corrode, and if laid aside after being used in water, or when wet
or damp, they soon rust, so much that the wire breaks when again used, and in
some places mere exposure to the air makes them corrode, thus causing them to
prove very costly, and in many cases entirely precluding their use.
Now my Invention consists in employing steel wire that will not corrode. I
use tinned flat or round steel wire for making wire brooms and brushes for
cleaning castings and boilers or other articles.
I also use galvanized flat or round steel wire for these brushes; thus the danger
of injury by rust or corrosion is obviated.
Brushes made of tinned or galvanized wire can be used in water and put to one
side for any length of time without rusting or corroding; a great saving will thus
be effected, and these brushes will come into general use for many purposes for
which the ordinary wire brush would be worthless.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SWIFTS OR APPARATUS FOR HOLDING HANKS OF WORSTED, COTTON, LINEN, OR OTHER KINDS OF YARN OR THREAD WHILST BEING UNWOUND
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Graham, of Monk Bretton, in the County of
York, Smith, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN SWIFTS OR APPARATUS
FOR HOLDING HANKS OF WORSTED, COTTON, LINEN, OR OTHER KINDS OF
YARN OR THREAD WHILST BEING UNWOUND."
(Void by reason of the Patentee having neglected to file a Specification in
pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent.)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Graham at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th April 1881.
WILLIAM GRAHAM, of Monk Bretton, in the County of York, Smith.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SWIFTS OR APPARATUS FOR HOLDING HANKS OF WORSTED,
COTTON, LINEN, OR OTHER KINDS OF YARN OR THREAD WHILST BEING
UNWOUND."
My Invention relates to swifts or apparatus for holding hanks of yarn of various
kinds during the process of unwinding. A swift, according to my Invention, has
a number of radiating arms. These arms, are by preference three, extending from a
boss or hub mounted upon a centre or pivot in a plane approximately at right
angles to the axis of the pivot, about which they are capable of turning. The said
pivot may be vertical and may be placed on an ordinary table or flat surface, and
may be secured thereto or have a base of sufficient weight to counteract the drag
caused by the unwinding of the yarn; or the pivot may, if desired, occupy a
horizontal or inclined position and be mounted upon a suitable stand.
Upon each of the said radiating arms I provide a sliding piece which is adjustable
thereon to suit the size of the bank intended to be unwound, each of the said
sliding pieces being furnished with a spring or its equivalent for holding it in any
required position upon the radiating arm. Or the radiating arms may be so formed

page_text: The
as to cause sufficient friction on the sliding pieces for the purpose of holding them
in any required position thereon. On each of the said sliding pieces I mount an
arm at about right angles to the plane of the first named or radiating arms.
arms constituting this second set are provided with bolts or other means for locking
them in position when in use, and when not in use are capable of being folded 5
upon the radiating arms, the whole of which are also capable of being folded
up so that they are parallel or thereabout to the axis or pivot on which they
revolve.
IMPROVEMENTS IN RECEPTACLES OR HOLDERS FOR LUCIFER-MATCHES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Matthew Wilson at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 16th June 1881.
Et
MATTHEW WILSON, of Southwark Street, in the County of Surrey, Merchant.
'IMPROVEMENTS IN RECEPTACLES OR HOLDERS FOR LUCIFER-MATCHES."
My Invention relates to improvements in receptacles or holders for lucifer-
matches, and comprises various improvements in the same, as hereinafter described.
In striking a match upon the roughened or serrated surface of lucifer match
holders or receptacles as heretofore constructed, accidents frequently occur by
reason of the flying off of lighted particles of the phosphorous or other composition
in igniting the same by friction. These particles in many cases fly into the face
and upon the hands of the user or upon wearing apparel, thereby causing the
same to be burnt, and in some cases have been known to-cause disastrous fires.
The object of my Invention is to so construct a holder or receptacle for matches
as to prevent this flying off of lighted particles of the igniting material when a
natch is being struck upon the roughened or serrated surface of the said holder
and thereby obviate the danger of such accidents. My improved receptacle or
holder may be formed of any desired shape, and either of porcelain, metal, or other
suitable material. In the ensuing description however I will refer to a porcelain
match-holder, which is supported on a suitable base, and has a receptacle in its
top for the matches, and a conical serrated outer surface on which to strike a
match.
In carrying my Invention into practice I arrange upon the outside of and
surrounding the conical roughened or serrated striking surface a shield or covering,
between which and the said surface there is an air space, through which air can
pass freely to support the combustion of the flame when a match is ignited. In
this outer caso or shield I form one or more slits or openings of just sufficient
Therefore when the
width to permit the ready insertion of the head of a match.
end of a match provided with igniting composition is passed into one of the
aforesaid slits or openings, and drawn rapidly downward or upward over the
serrated or roughened igniting surface, it will be ignited, but any particles of the
composition which might fly off will impinge against the outer casing or shield and
be arrested thereby. Beneath the said shield a suitable dish or receptacle is
preferably arranged, into which such particles of composition will fall.
I prefer to form the said shield in one piece with the match-holder, but the
same may in some cases be separated therefrom, and be employed as an attachment
to the match holders or receptacles at present in use.
IMPROVEMENTS IN COUPLINGS FOR CONNECTING AND DISCONNECTING LEVER GEAR
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Benjamin Finch at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 25th March 1881.
BENJAMIN FINCH, of No. 181, High Holborn, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN COUPLINGS FOR CONNECTING AND DISCONNECTING
LEVER GEAR,"
The object of my Invention is a ready means of connecting and disconnecting
two levers by means of a lifting clutch, which, when in one position, couples
the two levers, and when in another position, admits of the levers working
independently.
It is applicable in general millright and engineering work, where such a condition
is in some cases indispensable.
On the accompanying Sheet of Drawing,-
Figure 1 is an end view; and
Figure 2 a side elevation of a clutch embodying my improvements.
A, representing the actuating lever.
B, the lever to be driven by A.
C, the clutch working on the joint D.
E, latch sides, raised automatically into gear, and elevated out of gear by the
screw F, and so kept out of gear.
AN IMPROVED COMBINED GLOBE, GLOBE HOLDER, AND GAS BURNER
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Edward Webster at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th May 1881.
GEORGE EDWARD WEBSTER, C.E., of the Town and County of the Town of
Nottingham, Civil and Gas Engineer. "AN IMPROVED COMBINED GLOBE, GLOBE
HOLDER, AND GAS BURNER."
My Invention consists of improvements in appliances for burning coal gas,
part of which is applicable to heating purposes, all acting separately or in
combination.
Speaking of my Invention combined, it may be described as a governor-burner,
globe, and holder. Separately the description with particulars is as follows:-
Firstly. The governor burner is a cylindrical barrel. having working in its interior
a float with a tube attached to the centre on the underside of the float; the tube is
partly or entirely closed at the top, and works through a. division plate, having at
the line crossed by the division plate recesses or holes made so that the gas is free
to pass at the normal pressure to the burner, but on an increase of pressure the
float rises, and thus cuts off the supply of gas to the burner at the top of the
governor.
Secondly. The globe is similar to an ordinary "Comet" globe (well known to the
trade); at the opening I place a conical air-director coming part of the way up the
flame, and which by directing the current of air, has the effect of steadying
the light and preventing the flame from smoking. I use this air-director in con-
nection with atmospheric burners for heating purposes in a similar manner except
that I place it lower down.
Thirdly. The holder or triangle consists of a rim U shape, the opening being
uppermost; when this circular rim is pressed, it just goes on the globe; on releasing
the pressure the globe is secured by the rim springing outwards by reason of its
elasticity, and clasping the globe all round, forming as it were a beading of brass
round the bottom of the globe, or only small parts of the rim may have the holding
power from a spring.
All the parts of my Invention may be used separately or together, then forming
a "globe and burner," "globe and holder," or " gas set ;" when the holder is however
applied to a globe with a ledge at the bottom the opening is made >, and secured
by spring inwards, not outwards.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MELTING AND ANNEALING POTS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jeremiah Brown at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 20th July 1881.
JEREMIAH BROWN, of Cradley, in the County of Worcester, Roll Turner.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF MELTING AND ANNEALING POTS."
This Invention consists in making pots for melting or annealing malleable or
other iron, or other metals, of Bessemer steel, or other steel alone or combined. I
cast the pots of any suitable form and size in Bessemer or other steels, and then
anneal them, after which they take the place of ordinary casting or annealing pots
at considerably less cost, and save much expense in pots for galvanizing iron.
IMPROVEMENTS IN CLOSING OR STOPPERING BOTTLES AND OTHER VESSELS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Lanham at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 19th January 1881.
ROBERT LANHAM, of Whetstone, in the County of Middlesex, Hotel Keeper.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN CLOSING OR STOPPERING BOTTLES AND OTHER VESSELS."
My Invention relates to improvements in stoppering particularly suitable for
bottles containing aerated liquids, but also applicable to wine and beer bottles, jars
for pickles and preserves, and vessels for holding a variety of substances.
I propose to form the collar or usual projection or swelling of the neck of the
bottle with a vertical or an inclined notch or notches, or to secure upon the neck of
bottles already made a collar provided with such a notch or notches.
The stoppering will be secured under this collar or projection in such a manner,
that it may be turned to the right or to the left, so that the locking piece by which
the actual stopper is kept down in the neck may be brought into a line with the
aforesaid notch or notches in the collar.
The stoppering which I now propose to use consists of a vertical piece of metal
or other material, having at its lower end a loop through which passes a wire or
other ligature fastening or tying it beneath the collar. To the upper end of this
piece which is level with the top or mouth of the bottle is hinged or otherwise
attached a plate, to the underside of which is secured the piece of cork, wood, or
any elastic, semi-elastic, or other material which I may find suitable for this
purpose. Attached to or forming part of this plate is a spring catch which, when
the stopper is fully inserted, will catch under the collar and keep the stopper-plate
tight down upon the mouth of the bottle; or in lieu of using a spring-catch I may
hinge this fastening or locking piece to the stopper-plate.
To close or stop the mouth of a bottle thus provided, it is only necessary to
bring the stopper-plate over the mouth and press it downwards, the cork or other
stopper then enters the neck, and directly the plate is down upon the mouth the
spring catch passes under the collar and the stoppering or corking is perfectly
effected. If the locking piece is hinged to the plate carrying the stopper, it will be
pushed under the collar when the plate is down on the mouth.
To open a bottle thus closed, it is only necessary to push the catch or hinged
locking-piece round until it is in a line with the aforesaid notch or notches in the

page_text: collar; when, if the bottle contains an aerated or effervescing liquid, the stopper
will be at once forced out of the neck, while in the case of other liquids the stopper
is removed by lifting the stopper plate.
I now prefer that the inside of the neck of the bottle should taper slightly
downward from the mouth in the shape of an inverted cone to facilitate the insertion
and withdrawal of the stopper; my stoppering is, however, applicable to bottles as
now made.
I will be evident that the details above given may be varied while fully retaining
the essential characteristics of this stoppering.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SCREW BUTTONS FOR ARTICLES OF APPAREL
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edwin Ambrose Brydges at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th November 1881.
A communication by Benno Fischer, Mechanician, of the City of Stuttgart,
in the Kingdom of Würtemberg.
EDWIN AMBROSE BRYDGES, of the Firm of Brydges & Co., Engineers and Patent
Solicitors, of No. 73, Koniggraetzer Str., in the City of Berlin, in the German
Empire. "IMPROVEMENTS IN SCREW BUTTONS FOR ARTICLES OF APPAREL.”
A communication by Benno Fischer, Mechanician, of the City of Stuttgart, in the
Kingdom of Würtemberg.
My Invention relates to improvements in screw buttons for articles of apparel,
which said buttons are intended to supply a want long felt by all classes of society.
By employing my said Invention any person is able to securely attach buttons to
wearing apparel and similar articles at any time without further accessories and
without damaging the said articles of apparel or perforating the same. The button
proper acts as a nut, and is so attached to a suitable screw that the said button
cannot leave the screw. The opposite end of this screw is attached to a spring
clamp of sheet metal. By operating the button on the said screw the spring clamp
can be compressed and firmly attached to the article of apparel or released from
the same.
The said screw clamp can be at any moment attached to a desired article of
apparel or other object with great rapidity, and in order to prevent the aforesaid
screw clamp from losing its hold of the said article of apparel or other object, the
said screw clamp is provided with a suitable number of teeth on its inner surfaces.
The form and size of the button and clamp, as well as the material of which the
same are made, can be varied according to requirements without departing from
the tenor of my Invention.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
Year: 1881

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Leeming Webster, of Dewsbury, in the County of
York, Machine Maker, for an Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY
35
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Leeming Webster at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 26th November 1881.
LEEMING WEBSTER, of Dewsbury, in the County of York, Machine Maker.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY EMPLOYED IN WASHING, SCOURING, AND DYEING
FABRICS."
My Invention consists in a new combination and arrangement of the nipping
or squeezing rollers, and also to the employment of a trough to contain the
scouring or dyeing liquor for scouring or dyeing purposes. The rollers are
arranged in such a manner that the material is nipped or squeezed three times
during one traverse through the machine, one or more of such nips taking place
whilst in the scouring or dye liquor.
The arrangement of rollers and position of trough will be seen on the accom-
panying Drawings, where A are the guide rollers, B the nipping rollers, and C the
trough containing the scouring or dye liquor; D is the fabric which is nipped at
the three points a, b, c.
By the use of this trough for the liquor a much less quantity is required than
when the liquor was placed in the large cistern E as is the case at present.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Leeming Webster in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 20th May
1882.
_Leeming WebSTER, of Dewsbury, in the County of York, Machine Maker.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY EMPLOYED IN WASHING, SCOURING, AND DYEING
FABRICS."
My Invention consists in a new combination and arrangement of the nipping or
squeezing rollers. The rollers are arranged in such a manner that the material is
nipped or squeezed three times during one traverse through the machine, one or
more of such nips if necessary taking place whilst the fabric is in the scouring or
dye liquor.
The arrangement of rollers and position of trough will be seen on the accom-
panying Drawings, which represents a cross section of a machine for washing,
Scouring, and dyeing fabrics. A are the guide rollers; B, the nipping rollers; and
C, the trough containing scouring or dye liquor. Two of the nipping rollers are
capable of adjustment by sliding pedestals and screws F. D is the fabric which is
nipped in its passage through the machine at the three points a, b, c, whereby it is
scoured and dyed much quicker than by the arrangement of rollers at present
in use.
Having now shewn and described my Invention and explained how it may be
put into practice, I would have it understood that I do not confine myself to the
exact details herein shewn and described, as they may be somewhat varied without
departing from the essential features thereof, but what I believe to be new and
therefore claim as my Invention is,―
The arrangement of nipping rollers, herein shewn and described, when used in
scouring and dyeing fabrics.
In witness whereof, I, the said Leeming Webster, have hereunto set my hand
and seal, this Twenty second day of May, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eighty-two.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OR RELATING TO INCUBATORS AND REARING MOTHERS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert James Ruymp at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 29th March 1881.
ROBERT JAMES RUYMP, the younger, of Norwich, in the County of Norfolk.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN OR RELATING TO INCUBATORS AND REARING MOTHERS."
The essential feature of my Invention is the means adopted for keeping up the
requisite temperature. Most incubators are warmed by means of water, the heat
being supplied in various ways, such as by a lamp or gas jet, or by changing the
water. The general arrangement of incubator which I prefer is somewhat similar
to the ordinary ones, and consists chiefly of a suitable case, preferably of wood,
having an egg drawer and water tank or boiler.
I maintain the temperature of the water by means of heaters; these may be
composed of any suitable material, as for instance, iron or fireclay.
The boiler is by preference divided into two compartments, the main one, which
contains the cases for the heaters, and a small one, separated from the first by a
perforated partition, so that the heated water only gradually enters the second
compartment which is near the eggs. The manner of working the incubator is as
follows:-
The boiler is filled with water as nearly boiling as convenient, which raises the
heat in the egg drawer to 130° more or less; the temperature is allowed to cool
down to a desirable point which varies with different kinds of eggs, but for
ordinary poultry may be about 104°, and the eggs are then placed in the egg
drawer; this might be as much as 24 hours after putting in the water. The heaters
are now put in and changed as often as necessary, say, about once in every
12 hours, so as to keep the water at the proper temperature to insure a proper heat
in the egg drawer, which would be about 100° to 104° for poultry eggs. It is
better to have two sets of heaters, so that no time may be lost in changing; but if
only one set are available, the water will retain its heat long enough to allow of
their being heated up again and replaced. A suitable lid or opening is provided in
the top through which to place and remove the heaters. The number and size of
the heaters of course is immaterial to my Invention, being arranged according to
the temporary or permanent requirements of each case.
It will be seen that this plan has the advantages of cheapness and simplicity;

page_text: . there is almost always a fire of some sort in every house at which the heaters can be
warmed. The manner of working of the rearing mother is as follows:-
The mother is filled with water as nearly boiling as convenient; it is then
allowed to cool down for about 24 hours, when the under part of the mother will
be found to be about 70° to 80°; it is then worked by changing the heaters about
every 12 hours, so as to raise the water to a sufficient heat to keep the under part
of the mother about 70° to 80°.
RELATING TO SIGNALS UPON RAILWAYS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Thomas Masters at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 31st January 1881.
THOMAS MASTERS, of Coventry, Watch Maker.
RELATING TO SIGNALS UPON RAILWAYS."
"IMPROVEMENTS IN
AND
This Invention relates to improvements in and relating to signals for use upon
railways.
In carrying my Invention into effect I adapt or fit the locomotive with a spring
plate, which, by means of other suitably disposed helical or bow springs or
equivalent means suitably connected with a gong or bell, causes the latter to be
sounded once or more at the times required, and to indicate the proper signals
notifying the driver of the state of the line. A similar arrangement may also be
adapted to the guard's van for similarly notifying him. And in connection with
the permanent way I adapt an arrangement similar to that which works ordinary
signals upon railways, a series of handles constituting part thereof being raised
and lowered as usually done. When one of a series of three signal-arms in
connection therewith is elevated by the proper movement of its handle "caution
is indicated, but when the three signal-arins are elevated "danger" is indicated.
The signal-arns may be elevated by their appropriate levers separately or
simultaneously.
"
The train being in motion and (say) "danger" being indicated, the three signal-
arms (which are within a short distance of each other) being elevated, a tongue
connected with each projects in such a manner as to engage with the spring plate
of the locomotive, and thus as the latter passes the signal-arms, the gong or bell
is sounded, and the driver and the guard also, if the arrangement is fitted to his
van, is or are forewarned of the state of the line.
A series of the projecting tongues as above described may be similarly arranged
at intervals, so that in the event of one not acting against the spring plate of the
engine, or tender, or guard's van when the train is in motion, the others will do so,
and continue the alarm until the entire train has passed.
The above-described arrangement is simple, certain in its results, and easily
worked, and its advantage over other signalling contrivances in present use is that
an instantaneous alarm may be given, and the attention of the driver and guard
may be immediately and surely drawn to any approximate danger on account of
the proximity of signal and alarm to the driver and guard, and the train can
be got under immediate control.
AN IMPROVED CABINET WITH WASH BASON AND URINAL BASON COMBINED
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by George Nobes at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 5th October 1881.
GEORGE NOBES, of Harrow Road, Paddington, in the County of Middlesex,
Sanitary Engineer. "AN IMPROVED CABINET WITH WASH BASON AND URINAL
BASON COMBINED."
The object of this Invention is an improved cabinet with wash bason and urinal
bason combined, the two articles being so arranged that the discharged contents
of the first shall enter and flush the latter in order to deodorize and disinfect the
surface of any atoms or moisture that may remain thereon or therein, and then
discharge itself into a receptacle in which a further deodorization and disinfection
of the contents take place.
For the purposes of my Invention I form a cabinet with two shelves at different
heights and with a front of tapering shape, the upper part paving two lids, one to
be folded upwards and the other downwards.
In the upper shelf I fit a bason of any convenient shape, and having a short
length of tubing projecting from its lower part. The tubing is flattened at its
extremity to spread the soap suds or wash water over the inner surface of a second
bason, which is fitted into the lower shelf and slightly to the front of the upper
bason.
The lower bason is also provided with a short, or it may be a long length of
tubing leading into a pail or receptacle, arranged at the rear of the two basons for
the water to run into the admixture of the wash water with the contents of the
urine bason, serving to deodorize and disinfect it.
I prefer that the upper part of the cabinet be used as a bookcase, and the two
lids be fitted to give the lower part the appearance of a secretaire or writing desk,
for which purpose it can be used without inconvenience, the basons being
shut from view, and also the receptacle which is enclosed in the lower back
portion.
There are several modified arrangements which my cabinet may assume; for
instance, one bason may be arranged directly over the other, in which case the
lower shelf may be fitted as a drawer; the spread out end of the pipe of the upper
bason may be dispensed with, and a spreading nozzle may be on the lower bason,
and they (the basons) may be fitted into a cabinet which may have the appearance
of a "hall or other high backed chair.
"
IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR.”
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Sharp Mackie at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 7th July 1881.
WILLIAM SHARP MACKIE, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN WEAVING, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED THEREFOR.”
The object of this Invention is to produce a gathered, drawn, or honeycombed
woven fabric for ladies garments, and the Invention consists principally in weaving
into the body of the fabric at certain definite distances a thread or threads much
stronger or thicker than the threads which compose the fabric generally, so that
the fabric when woven can be gathered or drawn up on the said strong threads, so
as to produce the required effect.
When the gathers are required to be made transversely of the fabric I use the
strong threads in the form of warp, and when the gathers are required longi-
tudinally I put in the strong threads in the weft by changing the shuttles as
required, but when the gathers are required in both directions I put the strong
threads in both with the warp and the weft, so as to produce a honey-combed
effect.
This fabric may be woven in an ordinary loom, and the gathered effect be
produced by drawing up the strong threads after the cloth is woven, but I prefer
to put the strong threads on a separate warp beam and to regulate the "letting
off" of the yarn from this beam in such a way that the gathered effect shall be
produced during the weaving in the loom.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN THRESHING MACHINERY.
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Herbert John Haddan at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 11th June 1881. A communication
from abroad by Thébault Martin, of Poilly, in the Republic of France.
HERBERT JOHN HADDAN, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors of
Patents, of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THRESHING MACHINERY.' A communication from abroad by Thébault
Martin, of Poilly, in the Republic of France.
"
This Invention relates to machinery intended more particularly for threshing
out clover seed, and which has hitherto been performed in two different operations
the first by separating the stem, and the second by extracting the seed from its
envelope. The Invention consists in the addition to such machinery of a stripping
or cleaning beater and its accessories, and by such means mechanically and in one
operation by the improved machine extracting the seed and removing it from its
envelope. The beater is constructed of several wooden blades fixed at the
circumference of a carrying wheel working on an axle geared to the pulley which
works the machine; a suitable feed supplies the beater with clover, the rest of
the machinery resembles that of ordinary threshing machines.
IMPROVEMENTS IN KEYLESS PUZZLE OR PERMUTATION LOCKS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Lunt at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 1st April 1881. A communication from
abroad by Louisa Lunt, of New York, in the United States of America.
HENRY LUNT, of New York, in the United States of America, at present
residing at Crewe, in the County of Cheshire. " IMPROVEMENTS IN KEYLESS
PUZZLE OR PERMUTATION LOCKS." [A communication from abroad by Louisa
Lunt, of New York, in the United States of America.]
This Invention has for its object the novel construction and arrangement of
keyless puzzle or permutation locks, by which with greater simplicity of con-
struction greater security is offered.
I proceed to describe my Invention with respect to padlocks, but with certain
modifications it is applicable to some other description of locks. My Invention
consists in providing, say, the back plate of lock with a spindle or arbor. Upon
this spindle I place two, three, or more discs, each having a projecting tooth, and
each also a recess or slot. The lock has also a front plate which can slide upwards
and downwards. At the bottom part of this plate is a series of projections or teeth,
each carrying a number or letter. This sliding plate forms the lock by carrying a
detent piece, which, when it is slid upwards, secures the catch of shackle, and
correspondingly when brought downwards will release the same. The movable
discs carry the projecting or index teeth in such manner that they project beneath
the sliding plate. When it is desired to set the lock at any particular number, say,
at 209, the wheels in this case representing units, tens, & hundreds wheels, the
tooth moving the hundreds disc is set at 2, that representing the tens disc is set
at 0, and the units disc at 9. The sliding plate is moved upwards, and thereby
secures the catch of shackle. This having been done, the levers or some or any of
them are shifted to other positions than the set number, preventing the sliding
plate from coming down, and the locking operation is complete, and only the
operator and those who have the knowledge of the set number can effect the
opening by shifting the projecting teeth back on the movable discs to that number.
I have hereinbefore stated that I use two, three, or more numbered or lettered
discs, and where desired I can use a greater number. Where desired also letters
can be substituted for numbers, but in all cases the principle of my Invention will
remain the same, also its operation.
MENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR SECURING, TIGHTENING, AND ADJUSTING THE SAWS OF TIMBER FRAMES AND THE LIKE MACHINES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Samuel Bastow at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 23rd February 1881.
"IMPROVE-
SAMUEL BASTOW, the younger, of Leeds, in the County of York.
MENTS IN THE METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR SECURING, TIGHTENING, AND
ADJUSTING THE SAWS OF TIMBER FRAMES AND THE LIKE MACHINES."
The object of my Invention is to save time by more readily adjusting, securing,
or changing the saw blades of timber frames.
I employ a suitable iron column of convenient form, carrying at its lower end a
number of adjustable screwed or threaded shafts or studs working in the same, each
stud being provided with a neck on which the eyes of the saw are hooked. The
upper ends of the iron column have a similar number of threaded shafts with necks
and flanged nuts at one side of the column, and at the other side nuts and lock
nuts. These threaded shafts are carried in a bush which is bored obliquely and
slotted internally, a key or pin on the threaded shaft fitting the slot; the bush is
carried in another oblique hole or neck in the iron column, which is also slotted for
the reception of the stud in the bush. The action is as follows:-By screwing up the
lock-nuts, the bush is moved upwards in its oblique bearing, and carries the upper
shaft further away from the lower one, so tightening the blades thereon; by turning
back the lock nuts the saw blades are eased or slackened.
The distance between the saw blades is regulated and adjusted by turning the
flanged nuts one way or the other, and a great saving of time is thus effected.
IMPROVEMENTS IN KNITTING MACHINES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Jasper Wetter at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 21st January 1881. A communication
from abroad by John Byfield, of Georgetown, in the Province of Ontario,
'Dominion of Canada.
JASPER WETTER, of the Firm of Herbert and Company, Solicitors of Patents,
of 67, Strand, in the City of Westminster, Civil Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN
KNITTING MACHINES." A communication from abroad by John Byfield, of
Georgetown, in the Province of Ontario, Dominion of Canada.
4
The object of these improvements is to enable the knitting machine to produce
automatically patterns in different coloured yarns, the changes in the pattern
being effected without stopping the machine or cutting the yarn.
The mechanism to produce this desired effect consists essentially of an adjustable
pattern plate operated by the motion of the machine, and connected by suitable
mechanism to a series of cams arranged to operate sliding yarn carriers, each
carrier directing to the needles a different coloured yarn, and operated by the cam
mechanism referred to. The yarn from each carrier is knitted independently, and
is held so that the needles while knitting the yarn from one carrier cannot
interfere with the yarn held by the other. The pattern is produced by the action
of the pattern plate and cam mechanism, which changes the position of the yarn
carriers, causing the yarn to be knitted first from one carrier and then from the
other, according to the pattern for which the machine is set to produce.
IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CAPSULING BOTTLES AND THE LIKE
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Madocks at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 5th August 1881.
JOHN MADOCKS, of Dartmouth, in the County of Devon, Brewers' Engineer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR CAPSULING BOTTLES AND THE LIKE."
The object of this Invention is the construction and arrangement of apparatus
for pressing down and shaping capsules to bottle necks without injuring the
capsules, or any printing or embossing that may be upon them.
According to my Invention I form a stock or stem with a shoulder and with a
reduced diameter, on which I fit an india rubber ring, that it may be rolled along
this reduced portion under the action of a sleeve or tubular sliding ferrule, which
is capable of being moved to and fro upon the stock or stem by hand or by an
appliance. One end of the stock or stem is provided with a pad or cushion to
press the head of the capsule firmly into contact with the cork.
The sleeve is limited in its back motion by a stop.
The apparatus can be arranged in its simple form as above described; or it may
be fitted on or to a suitable frame, so that the sleeve may be operated by a lever;
or the sleeve may be a fixture, and the bottle on the neck being pushed in may
cause the rubber ring to roll to fix the capsule in close contact with the shoulder
and the neck portion of the bottle.
IMPROVEMENTS IN TAKE-OFF' APPARATUS FOR CYLINDER PRINTING MACHINES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by David Phillips, junior, at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 14th March 1881.
DAVID PHILLIPS, junior, of Rahere Street, Goswell Road, in the County of
Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN TAKE-OFF' APPARATUS FOR CYLINDER PRINTING
MACHINES."
.
My Invention has for its object improvements in take-off apparatus for cylinder
printing machines.
For this purpose I mount upon a shaft or axis carried by brackets (which
ordinarily carry the wood drum or cylinder in the "flyer" take off) a roller or one
or more discs. This roller or the discs are provided with grippers and are mounted
above the printing cylinder, but slightly to the rear thereof, and they revolve in
contact therewith. Carried by the same brackets but at a higher elevation than the
first roller and slightly in front thereof is a shaft or axis upon which are mounted
so as to revolve in contact with such last mentioned roller, a second roller, or two
or more discs. These discs as well as those before mentioned are provided at their
peripheries with an india rubber surface.
Above the first roller or discs, and mounted on a shaft or axis carried by
extensions of the brackets are curved guides, which are placed immediately at the
rear of the second roller or discs, and carry at their upper parts friction rollers
which bear upon the peripheries of such discs or upon the roller if such is
employed..
When employing discs in lieu of the first or second mentioned rollers, I mount
them upon their shaft or axis, so as to allow of their being placed nearer together
or farther apart, according to the width of the paper being printed upon, but so
as to prevent them rotating independently of such-shafts, and I also so mount the
curved guides that they may be adjusted in a similar manner.
The receiving table is placed in the front of the machine in advance of the
second roller or discs, instead of at the rear of the machine as heretofore, thus
leaving the type table open to view and bringing the printed sheets printed side
upwards directly under the eye of the workman feeding the machine. The operation
of this take-off apparatus is as follows:—

page_text: The paper is fed to the cylinder, where it is gripped in the ordinary manner; the
cylinder then revolves, giving the impression, and carries the printed paper up to
the grippers carried by the first roller or discs and releases it; the grippers carried
by the first roller in their turn grip the printed sheet and carry it up to the curved
guide, where it is released by the grippers and nipped by the first and second 5
rollers or discs, by which it is carried forward and nipped between the small
friction rollers and the second roller or discs, the curved guide directing it over
the second roller or discs and on to the receiving table at the front of the
machine.
IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH VENETIAN BLINDS
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Friborg at the Office of the
Commissioners of Patents on the 12th January 1881.
JOHN FRIBORG, of Store Street, in the County of Middlesex, Designer.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN AND CONNECTED WITH VENETIAN BLINDS."
This Invention relates to improvements in Venetian blinds and the actions
therefor, the improvements having for object to allow the lowering and raising of
the said blinds in such a manner that the laths fall or are raised singly instead of
in numbers as at present, the action for raising and lowering the blind being also
so arranged that the blind remain in any position to which it may be raised or
lowered without requiring separate fastenings for retaining the operating cord.
In carrying out my Invention, the blind is constructed of the required number
of the usual laths, except that such laths do not require the usual holes for the
operating cord; the laths are connected by tape ladders, the laths resting in loops
therein instead of on single tapes as at present.
I provide a suitable frame which is fixed in the usual manner, and in this frame
at each side I fit two screws, each having a number of threads nearly equal to the
number of laths in the blind, the lower parts of the screws being formed with a
very quick thread. The said screws are placed vertically in suitable bearings, and
each screw is provided at its upper end with a chain pulley; two larger chain
pulleys are also provided, one at the side of each pair of screw pulleys, an endless
chain passing round all the pulleys in such a manner that if one of the large
pulleys be turned by means of a cord wound round a sheave or barrel on the said
pulley, all the pulleys will be turned and the screws operated. The ends of the laths
are placed in the threads of the said screws, so that if the screws be operated, as
herein before described, the laths will fall singly or be raised singly according to
the direction in which the screws are turned. I would remark that a few of the
top laths are made slightly shorter than the others so as to be free of the screws
in order to allow the laths of the blind to be closed and opened, which operation
may be effected by a cord in any suitable manner.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SMOKE-CONSUMING FIRE-GRATES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Gustav Eduard Wolff at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 28th September 1881.
GUSTAV EDUARD WOLFF, of the City of Hamburg, Germany, Machinist.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN SMOKE-CONSUMING FIRE-GRATES."
This Invention relates to improvements in fire grates by which the gaseous
vapours formning the smoke in the combustion chamber will be entirely consumed,
and the object of the improvements is to force the smoke to pass through the
burning fuel by introducing the fresh air above the layer of fuel in the combustion
chamber instead of as is usual introducing the air underneath the grate to the
combustion chamber.
For this purpose the fuel is laid on a horizontal or nearly horizontal grate, and
kindled; the draught is arranged to force the smoke from above to descend through
the fuel and between the bars, thence to the flues and to the chimney.
In one plan this horizontal grate is surrounded on all sides, or on as many sides
as desired, by a series of grate bars, arranged in steps; above these is the chamber
with an air tight door by which the fuel is fed, and level with the stepped grate
bars is another air tight door by which air can be admitted to and round the
stepped grate bars. Below the level of the horizontal grate is the ash pit, also
provided with air tight doors, and from this ash pit leads the flue to the boiler or
other vessel to be heated. Air being admitted by the door on the level of the
stepped grate flows through these bars, thence down through the fuel and between
the horizontal grate to the ash pit and flues, the coal coking, and its produced
gaseous compounds passing down through the burning fuel. The three doors by
register plates give complete control of the admission of air to the fuel.
In the ordinary internal flue builers or Lancashire boiler this modification is
made. A short horizontal grate is fitted immediately behind the furnace door, the
space underneath or ash pit being stopped off as usual from the boiler flues; behind
this is a series of inclined bars sloping upwards from the end of the horizontal
bars, and at the end of these is the stop or wall of fire brick, the incandescent coal
is pushed on to the inclined bars, the new coal fed on to the horizontal bars, the
air thus enters the ash pit, passes up through the horizontal bars, taking with it
the products of combustion which then descend down through the incandescent
fuel into the boiler flues.
The inclined bars are supported by water tubes crossing the fuel and com-
municating with the water space of the boiler.
IMPROVEMENTS IN INDICATORS FOR STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1881

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Arnold Budenberg at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents on the 12th April 1881. A communication
from abroad by Christian Frederick Budenberg and Bernhard August
Schaefer, of Buckau-Magdeburg, in the German Empire.
ARNOLD BUDENBERG, of the City of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster,
Mechanical Engineer. "IMPROVEMENTS IN INDICATORS FOR STEAM ENGINES."
[A communication from abroad by Christian Frederick Budenberg and Bernhard
August Schaefer, of Buckau-Magdeburg, in the German Empire.]
This Invention has for its object the production of diagrams which shall shew in
one figure the amount of work done in a complete double stroke, in addition to
affording all the particulars which may be derived from the diagrams of indicators
in ordinary use. The complete diagrams so produced possess the further advantage
of not requiring correction for barometrical variations.
The improvements consist in duplicating the piston, cylinder, and spring. The
piston rod is prolonged so as to serve for both pistons, and upon it are mounted the
two springs. There is a separate steam inlet to each of the cylinders. These inlets
are connected by means of suitable pipes to opposite ends of the engine cylinder,
the passage of the steam through the pipes being regulated by means of taps or
valves. A drum is provided as in other indicators for carrying the card on which
the diagram is traced, and the tracing pencil is actuated through suitable link
work by the piston rod in the usual or any convenient manner. The steam inlets
may be close to each other and between the two cylinders, or they may be at
opposite or outside ends of the cylinders.
When both the regulating taps on the steam pipes are open and the drum is
rotated, a closed curve is produced by the tracing pencil on the card, which shews
the actual effective pressure, or in other words the total steam force minus the
back pressure, and the total work done during a complete revolution.
By simply closing one of the regulating taps a separate diagram may be taken
of either end of the engine cylinder at will. If such separate diagrams and a
combined diagram are taken on the same card, a graphic result is obtained which
will give every required particular, and greatly facilitate calculations,