MENTS IN POWER LOOMS AND IN PIRK WINDING APPARATUS."
Year: 1862

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Isaac Whitesmith, of Glasgow,. in the County of
Lanark, North Britain, Machine Maker, for the Invention of "IMPROVE
MENTS IN POWER LOOMS AND IN PIRK WINDING APPARATUS."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Isaac Whitesmith at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
11th April 1862.
I, ISAAC WHITESMITH, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
Machine Maker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN POWER LOOMS, AND IN PIRN WINDING APPARATUS," to be aș
follows, that is to say:―
This Invention comprises various improvements in power looms, more parti-
cularly for weaving ornamental fabrics, although in part applicable for plain
weaving, together with arrangements for winding the weft on the shuttle
pirns on the loom itself, such arrangements including improved details also
applicable to ordinary pirn winding apparatus. The improvements in weaving
mechanism are to some extent related to the improvements having similar
objects described in the Specification of Letters Patent granted to Robert
Adam Whytlaw and James Steven, dated. 11th December 1858 (No. 2799),
in the Specification of Letters Patent granted to Robert Adam Whytlaw and

page_text: Alexander Mitchell, dated 24th May 1856 (No. 1246), and in the Specification
of Letters Patent granted to Isaac Whitesmith and James Steven, dated 14th
June 1860 (No. 1455).
A first improvement relates to the mechanism for moving the shifting
shuttle box described in the last-mentioned Specification, and consists in sub-
stituting for the studded wheel acted upon by a hook, a double ratchet wheel
acted upon by two hooks, one turning it in one direction and the other in the
opposite.
On the spindle on which the ratchets are fixed there is a pinion in gear
with a rack or a toothed arc, such are being on the end of a lever connected
by a rod to the shuttle box. With this arrangement an increased number of
shuttles may be used.
A second improvement relates to shifting shuttle box mechanisni of the
kind described in the Specification secondly herein-before referred to, and
consists partly in making the fulcrum of the lever acted on by the tappet
wheels adjustable, and fitting it with an elastic cushion. In addition, the
hooks by which the tappet wheels are actuated are centred on levers pressed
against and actuated by a cam on the low shaft of the loom.
The hooks are made to act or not by the action of catches on their opposito
ends, the latter acted upon by the jacquard pattern mechanism.
A third improvement relates to the varying of the shedding action, so as to
give the power of weaving, say "plain" and "twill," alternately. The treadles
are acted upon by antifriction pulleys, mounted loosely, but in determinate
positions, on spindles carried in a revolving frame. There may be four or other
number of such spindles, the frame being driven at a corresponding rate by
suitable gearing. The pulley spindles are capable of being shifted longi-
tudinally as regards the axis of the frame, by which a different arrangement of
the-pulleys is brought into acting position, thereby causing a corresponding
change in the shedding action. This shift of the pulley spindles may be
conveniently effected by means of adjustable guides, in contact with which
the spindles are brought by the rotation of the frame carrying them. The
adjustment of the guides may be effected by pattern mechanism, such as is
described in the Specification firstly herein-before referred to.
Instead of the antifriction pulleys being carried by the revolving frame, they
may be upon the treadles, the frame spindles being replaced by suitable
seginental cams, by which the same result will be obtained.
A fourth improvement comprises another arrangement for varying the
shedding action. In it two tappets, fast on a shaft, carry round by means of
studs and arc-shaped slots two other tappets otherwise loose on the shaft.

page_text: When turning in one direction the four tappets produce plain weaving; but on
turning in the opposite direction the slots allow the loose tappets to change.
their positions relative to the fast tappets in such a way as to produce
twilling..
I
:
A fifth improvement has for object the production of long patterns by
means of pattern mechanism, such as is described in the Specification thirdly
herein-before referred to.
:
Each card is made equivalent to as many cards as it has perforations, there
being arranged a spindle with a number of stop pins 'disposed spirally round it
in such a way that as the spindle is shifted round through a certain angle
another pin is brought opposite the next perforation in order. Or a single
stop pin may be shifted along from perforation to perforation by a screw
action. When all the perforations of a card are dealt with, the mechanism
causes the card next in-order to take its place, and the operation is repeated.
A sixth improvement relates to the weft stopper détails of looms having
shifting shuttle boxes on both sides, and is designed to insure these details
acting exclusively, with reference to the last weft laid, from whichever side it
may be. For this purpose it is necessary that the threads of the other shuttles
be lifted out of the way at the proper period, as their presence would prevent
the absence of the last shot from occasioning the requisite action of the stopper:
A light bent lever is contrived to lift the threads out of the way in a. very
simple manner, being disposed in guides, and being actuated by a link which
in rising first turns over the lever, so as to insert its point under the threads,
and then moving the lever upwards, lifts the threads, and allows the shuttle
just: being thrown to pass beneath into its cell: On the link returning down-
wards its first action is to turn the bent lever back again so as to clear the
threads.
... g
...A seventh portion of the present Invention relates to the arranging upon
the loom of details for winding the weft yarn off reels or bobbins upon pirns
for the shuttle..
..
:
.
For this purpose two grooved pulleys are formed or fixed upon the loose
pulley of the loom, and-a córd-from one is made to drive; for example, two
spindles, a cord from the other driving the "heart" motion. The driving
belt is arranged so-as when driving the loom to have still sufficient hold on
the loose pulley to drive it and the winding details, and the winding can thus
continue whether the loom is working or not.
The spindles are conveniently mounted in-brackets at one side of the loom'
towards the-front. The pirn to receive the yarn is placed on its spindle
within three small" conical antifriction rollers, made by preference of chilled

page_text: or case-hardened iron, and mounted in a small tripod frame. The conical
rollers are set with adjustable. pivots, so as to have their inner surfaces coin-
cident with the conical point of the cop, and they are proportioned so as to
have as nearly as possible the same surface velocity as the surface of the cop
in contact with them, whereby the ordinary objectionable rubbing of the yarn
is avoided. The spindles may be madé in the ordinary way, but when they
are made with a flat foot, so as to be driven by a corresponding slot in the
revolving wharve, there is introduced into a suitable socket in the wharve a
small steel bush bored down a short distance, widely enough not to turn the
spindle, but below this point fitting the flat foot of the spindle, and turning it.
As the pirn fills the spindle foot is gradually drawn up into the bored part,
when it is held in position, but without rotating. The bush is held in the
wharve by a screw or other contrivance, and when injured can be instantly
replaced. The heart motion is contrived so as to avoid the objectionable
pause on changing the direction of traverse, notwithstanding the wear of the
heart cam, by jointing one arm of the forked, lever, and connecting the ends of
both arms by a spring, which keeps the antifriction pulleys on the arms in
uniform contact with the cam.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Isaac Whitesmith in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
10th October 1862.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ISAAO
WHITESMITH, of Glasgow, in the County of Labark, North Britain, Machine
Muker, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eleventh day of April, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, in the twenty-fifth year of Her-reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
Isaac Whitesmith, Her special licence, that I, the said Isaac Whitesmith,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
Isaac Whitesmith, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all, times thereafter
during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,, use,
exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS
IN POWER LOOMS, AND IN PIRN WINDING APPARATUS," upon the condition

page_text: (amongst others) that I, the said Isaac Whitesmith, my executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of
the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be' performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters. Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Isaac Whitesmith; do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement in writing, reference being had to the accompanying Drawings, and
to the letters and figures marked-thereon, that is to say:-
My said Invention comprises various improvements in power looms, more
particularly for weaving ornamental fabrics, although in part applicable for
plain weaving, together with arrangements for winding the weft on the
shuttle pirns on the loom itself, such arrangements including improved
details also applicable to ordinary pirn winding apparatus. The improvements
in weaving mechanism are to some extent related to the improvements having
similar objects, described in the Specification of Letters' Patent granted to
Robert Adam Whytlaw and James Steven; dated 11th December 1855
(No. 27.99), in the Specification of Letters Patent granted to Robert Adam
Wbytlaw and Alexander Mitchell, dated 24th May 1856 (No. 1246), and in
the Specification of Letters Patent granted to Isaac Whitesmith and James
Steven, dated 14th June 1860 (No: 1455). And in order that my said
Invention and the manner of performing the same may be properly understood.
I have hereunto appended two Sheets of explanatory Drawings, to be herein-
after referred to in particularly describing my improvements. In the said
Drawings only such portions of the loom details are shown as appear to be
required to render the application of my improvements intelligible, anal the
same reference letters mark the same or like parts in all the Figures.
A first portion of the improvements relates to the mechanism for moving' a
shifting shuttle box; described in the Specification last herein-before referred
to, and consists in substituting for the studded wheel, acted upon by a single
hook, a double ratchet wheel, or its equivalent, acted upon by two hooks, one
turning it in one direction, and the other turning it in the opposite direction.
In one modification' there is fixed on the spindle of the ratchet wheels a pinion
in gear with a rack or toothed arc, such are being on the end of a lever, con-
nected by a rod to the shuttle box.. With this arrangement an increased
.number of shuttles may be used.
Figure 1, Sheet 1, of the Drawings is a side elevation, and Figure 2 is a

page_text: plan showing the application of this portion of the improvements to a six-
shuttle shuttle box. The shuttle box A, is connected by rods a, b, to a
horizontal lever B, centred on a stud upon the side frame C, near the lower
back corner. The lever B is fitted with a counterweight and the joint of the
rod 6 at its front end is made adjustable, so that it can be fixed as near the
lathe rocking axis as possible. The top of the rod b is bored out to receive
the lower end of the rod a, jointed to the shuttle box A, the lower end of this
-rod a being screwed to receive a pair of jam nuts, which rest on the top of the
rod b, and which being adjustable, afford a convenient means of fixing with
nicety the exact height of the shuttle box. There is formed on the front end
of the lever B a curved rack or toothed arc D, with which there gears a pinion
d formed in one piece, with or fixed to a pair of ratchet wheels E, which turn
loosely on a stud F, fixed to the side frame C. The ratchet teeth of the
wheels E lie in opposite directions, and they are acted upon by oppositely
-disposed hooks G, H, jointed upon a-crank pin I, fixed on the end of the low
shaft J. The upper hook G has attached to it an adjustable strut g, which
-abuts against the lower hook H, and prevents the two hooks from getting into
gear simultaneously. The outer end of the upper hook G rests on a roller at
the end of a bent lever K, centred on the stud F, and acted upon by a wire k
from the pattern mechanism above. In Figure 1, this wire is supposed to
be drawn up, whereby the front of the lever k.is depressed, and the hook G
allowed to catch the ratchet teeth of the wheel E, 'in the reciprocating move-
ment imparted to it by the crank pin I. The lower hook H rests on a roller
at the end of a lever L, centred on a stud fixed to a bracket M, upon the side
frame C, and this. Mever L is acted upon by a wire from the pattern
mechanism above. In Figure 1 the hook H is shown out of gear. The upper
hook G when released is lifted out of gear by a spring N, connected to an
arm'n fast on the stud F, and to one arm of the lever K. To keep the parts
steady in their several positions, there is a wheel P formed with or fixed to
the wheels E, and shaped with suitable faces, against the bottom one of which
for the time being there bears a stamper p, which moves in guides in the
bracket M, and which is pressed upwards by the blade spring Q. Figure 3
is a side elevation of detached parts, showing the application of my improved
two-hook arrangement for actuating a three-shuttle shuttle box, by means of a
simple intermediate contrivance, of the nature of one of those described in the
. Specification thirdly herein-before referred to. In this modification the hooks
G, H, are arranged to act on a wheel E, having four pins on one face (and
equivalent to the two reverse ratchet wheels E, in the first modification).
This wheel is formed with teeth. d, gearing with a toothed wheel R, turning on

page_text: a stationary stud, and the wheel R is fitted with a pin and roller S, which is
entered in a slot in, the end of the lever B. The wheel R is to the wheel E
in the proportion of three to four, and the wheel E having four pins makes
a quarter turn at each movement, which causes the wheel R to make one-
third of a turn. The latter has consequently three different positions, which
are indicated by differently-colored delineations of the pin S and of the joint
of the lever and rod B, 6; and it will be observed that when the lever B is
in its highest or lowest position, it will be shifted either one or two stages.at
one shift accordingly as the wheel R is turned in one direction or the other.
In Figure 4 is shown a modification, in which the wheel or disc E' is formed
with only three pins for the action of the hooks G, H, and these hooks are
made with double notches, the inner notch acting first on one pin, and
imparting a portion of the movement to the wheel or disc, which causes the
next pin to gear with the other notch, and insure the completion of the move-
ment. The pin and roller S, which acts in the slot of the lever B, is upon the
wheel or disc E, instead of being upon a separate wheel, as in the previous
modification. This arrangement (Figure 4). is also for three shuttles, and
the different positions are indicated by differently-colored delineations of the
pin S, and joint of the lever and rod B, b. Figure 5 is a sectional side
elevation, and Figure 6 is a front elevation, showing the application of the
double ratchet wheel arrangement (Figures 1 and 2), to actuate an endless
chain of shuttle boxes. In this modification the shuttle boxes A, formed of
thin sheet metal, are jointed together to form an endless chain, which is hung
on a barrel U, the spindles of which turn in a bracket fixed upon a laterally
projecting frame V, attached to the lathe sword W. On one end of the
barrel U there is an endless strap u with pin holes, which gear with pins on
the barrel U, and with pins on a pulley Y, on a shaft or spindle T below.
This shaft T has fast on it the reverse ratchet wheels E, which are acted upon
by the hooks G, H, as in the modification firstly herein-before described. The
shaft T is passed through the lathe rocking shaft X, made hollow or open-for
the purpose across the loom, to simultaneously actuate shuttle boxes at the
other side.
A second portion of the improvements relates to shifting shuttle box.
mechanism of the kind described in the Specification secondly herein-before
referred to, and consists partly in making the fulcrum of the lever acted upon
by the tappet wheels adjustable, and fitting it with an elastic cushion.
Figures 7 and 8, Sheet 2, are a side elevation and a plan showing this
improvement. The lever B, the one referred to, is centred on a stud 1,
which is formed with a square shank capable of being adjusted in a short

page_text: horizontal slot in the side frame C. The eye in which the stud 1 is entered
is formed in a plate 2, which is also capable of being adjusted backwards or
forwards, and by means of these two adjustments the movement of the front
end of the lever B may be nicely regulated. The eye of the lever plate 2 is
made large enough to receive a cushioned bearing piece consisting of a brass
ring; upon which a piece of rubber tubing is drawn. In this arrangement the
lever B is acted upon by two tappet wheels 8, which are shifted by the action
of hooks 4 on pins 5 projecting laterally from them. The hooks 4 are
jointed to weighted bell-crank levers 6, which are acted on by a cam 7 on
the low shaft J, such action causing the shift of one or both tappet wheels 8,
as the case may be; the cam and the acting surfaces of the tappet wheels
being both carefully shaped to extend the shifting movement of the shuttle
box in a gradual way over the full available period between the picking
actions. When a shift does not happen to be required the levers 6 are held
forward by catches 8, against which pins on their lower ends rest. These
catches 8 are centred on a stationary stud, and they are actuated by the
wires 9 of the pattern mechanism. One catch 8 is shown as lifted by its
pattern wire 9, and the corresponding lever 6 has in consequence fallen back-
wards, and its hook 4 has taken hold of an advanced pin of the tappet wheel;
in consequence of which the next turn of the cam 7 will move forward the
lever 6 and cause the corresponding tappet wheel 3 to be shifted round. It
is immaterial whether the catches 8 are applied to the levers 6 or to the
hooks 4.
A third portion of the improvements relates to the varying of the shedding
action, so as to give the power of weaving, say, plain" and "twill"
ȧlternately.
A modification of these improvements is shown in plan and elevation in
Figures 9 and 10, Sheet 1, of the accompanying Drawings. The treadles 10
are acted upon by antifriction pulleys 11, mounted loosely but in determinate
positions on spindles 12, carried in a revolving frame 13. There may be four
such spindles 12, as shown, or other convenient number, the frame 13 being
driven at a corresponding rate by suitable gearing. In the example repre-
sented the frame 18 is mounted upon a shaft 14, which turns in bearings in a.
frame 15, and has fast on one end a bevil wheel 16, in gear with a bevil
wheel on a shaft 17, which receives motion in any convenient way; the gearing
being such that the revolving frame 13 makes one revolution for every four
picks. The pulley spindles 12 are capable of being shifted longitudinally, or
in directions parallel to the frame shaft 14, whereby pulleys 11 differently
arranged are brought into acting positions, and a corresponding change in the

page_text: shedding action is caused thereby. This shift of the pulley spindles 12 is con
veniently effected by means of adjustable guidés 18, in contact with which: the
pulley spindles 12: are brought by the rotation of the frame 13 carrying them.
These guides 18 are fixed upon a bar 19, which slidės in brackets 20 upon
the frame 15, and this bar is shifted by a lever 21 on a spindle 22. 'The
adjustment of the spindle 22, and consequently of the guides 18, may be
effected by pattern mechanism, such as is described in the Specification
firstly herein-before- to. Instead of the antifriction pulleys 11 being carried
by the revolving frame 13, they. may be upon the treadles 10, the frame
spindles and pulleys being replaced by suitable segmental cams, by which the
same result will be obtained.
A fourth improvement comprises another arrangement for varying: the
shedding action. In it two tappets fast on a shaft carry round by means of studs
and arc-shaped slots two other tappets, otherwise loose on the shaft. When
turning in one direction the four tappets produce plain weaving, but on being
turned in the other direction. the slots allow the loose tappets to change their
positions relative to the fast tappets in such a way as to produce twilling.
The reversing of the motion may be effected by employing a bevil wheel on
the tappet shaft in gear with two opposite bevil wheels loose on the driving
shaft, either of which last is made to drive by means of a clutch according to
a well known arrangement.
A fifth portion of the improvements has for object the production of long
patterns by means of mechanism, such as is described in the Specification'
thirdly herein-before referred to.
A modification of these improvements is represented in side and front
elevation in Figures 11 and 12, Sheet 2, of the Drawings. Each pattern
card, instead of acting once only as it comes round, is made with eight (or
other convenient number of) perforations, these being stopped or not according
to the requirements of the pattern, and each card is made equivalent to as:
many cards of the old kind as it has perforations. The barrel.25 (which
carries round the pattern cards, and makes them act on the other details) is
made of corresponding length, and instead of there being-only one pin on the
lever 26 upon which it acts that lever carries a spindle 27, having in this
example eight pins 28, disposed spirally round it in such a way that the spindle
27 being between each stroke shifted round one-eighth of a turn, the pins 28
taken in order along the spindle are in succession brought singly opposite the
successive perforations along the card. The spindle 27 is turned (an eighth)
between each stroke by a catch 29 on the barrel lever 80, this catch acting on:
a ratchet wheel 31 on the spindle 27. On the other end of the spindle 27,

page_text: there is a bevil wheel 82 which drives an equal size bevil wheel on the end
of a vertical spindle 33. This spindle 33 is square, and passes loosely
through a bevil wheel 34, carried by a part of the mounting of the barrel 25;
this last wheel 34 being thus free to rise and fall on the spindle 38, but
receiving an eighth of a turn from it at every stroke. The wheel 34 is
formed with. a single tooth or pin, and acts on a bevil wheel 35 on the spindle
of the barrel 25, (which has eight sides,) the latter wheel 35 being 'formed.
with eight grooves, which gear with the pin 34, but with concavities between
fitting the conical surface of the wheel 34. The result of this well known
contrivance is such, with the proportions named, that at every eighth stroke
the wheel 34 moves the barrel 25 an eighth part round, the barrel remaining
stationary during the seven intermediate strokes. By these means each card
remains to act upon the eight pins 28 in succession, and the stroke which takes
the eighth pin out of position and brings the first pin into position again also
turns up a fresh card to act upon it, and the pins in succession deal with that
fresh card as they did with the previous one. A similar, action may be
obtained by substituting a single pin for the eight, such single pin being suc-
cessively shifted opposite each perforation of the card by a screw or other
movement.
A sixth portion of the improvements relates to the weft stopper details of
looms having shifting shuttle boxes on both sides, and is designed to insure
these details, acting exclusively with reference to the last weft, laid from
whichever side it may be. For this purpose, it is necessary that the threads
of the other shuttles be lifted out of the way at the proper period, as their
presence would prevent the absence of the last shot from occasioning the
requisite action of the stopper. My improved contrivances for effecting this
operation are shown in side elevation in Figure 7, Sheet 2, of the Drawings,
the lathe 40 being shown in section therein. A light bent lever 41 is
contrived to lift the threads out of the way in a very simple manner, being
jointed upon a small block 42, sliding upon and guided by a bar 43 attached
to the lathe. Attached to the bent lever 41 there is a short lever 44, which
has only a limited movement between two pins on the block 42, and this
lever 44 is connected by a link 45, to a curved lever 46 below, centred on
a stud upon the side frame C. The last-mentioned lever, 46, is acted upon
by a cam wheel 47, which is fast on a shaft driven in any suitable way so as
to cause an upward movement of the link 45 at the proper periods. The
block 42 is made to slide with some frictional resistance upon its rod 43,
and the first action of the link 45 is to turn up the lever 44, which causes
the point of the bent lever 41 to be thrown forward into a groove cut across

page_text: up the
the lathe and under the wefts of previous shots which may happen to lie
there. The continued upward movement of the link 45 then causes the
block 42 to slide upwards, and the bent lever 41 in consequence lifts
weft threads. It is whilst the previously thrown weft threads are so lifted
that the last weft shot is thrown and the weft stopper action deals with it,
and when sufficient time has been allowed for this the bent lever is with-
drawn. backwards and downwards by the re-action of a spring 48; which is
free to act when the cam point (47) passes the projection of the lever 46.
Duplicate details, similar to those described, are or may be placed at the
other side of the loom, so that the last weft may be checked with certainty,
to whichever side of the loom it may be thrown.
:
A seventh portion of the present improvements rolates to the arranging
upon the loom of details for winding the weft yarn off reels or bobbins upon
the pirns for the shuttle. A convenient modification of this improved arrange-
ment is represented in side elevation and plan in Figures 13 and 14, Sheet 2
of the Drawings. Two grooved pulleys 50, 51, are formed or fixed upon the
loose pulley 52 of the loom, and a cord from one 50 is made to drive, for
example, two spindles 53, the cord from the other 51, driving the "heart"
motion. The driving belt 54 is arranged so as when driving the loom by
acting on the fast pulley 55 to have still sufficient hold on the loose pulley 52
to drive it and the winding details and the winding can thus continue whether
the loom is working or not. The spindles 58 are conveniently mounted in
brackets 56, 57, attached to one side frame C of the loom towards the front.
The pirn (marked 58, as well as the spindle) is placed on its spindle within
three small conical antifriction rollers 58, made by preference of chilled or
case-hardened iron, and mounted in a small tripod frame 59, fixed on the top
bracket 56. The conical rollers 58 are set with adjustable pivots entered
into their upper ends so as to have their inner surfaces coincident with the
conical point of the cop, and they are proportioned so as to have as nearly as
possible the same surface velocity as the surface of the cop in contact with
them, whereby the ordinary objectionable rubbing of the yarn is avoided.
The spindles 53 may be made in the ordinary way, but when they are made
with a flat foot so as to be driven by a corresponding slot in the revolving
wharve 60, the parts are by this Invention constructed as shown enlarged in
vertical section and plan in Figures 15 and 16. The wharve 60 is made
according to a common plan to revolve upon a fixed stud, and is fitted with a
pin so that its motion can be stopped by a latch 61 on the rail or bracket 57.
In the top of the wharve 60 there is a socket bored out to receive a small

page_text: steel bush 62, and this bush is bored a short distance down from the top
widely enough not to turn the spindle, but below this point it fits the fint foot
of the spindle so as to turn it. This non-cylindrical part is conveniently
shaped by cutting a groove completely across the lower part of the bush. The
bush is held in the wharve by a screw or other contrivance, and when worn
or injured can be instantly replaced. In winding, the spindle is gradually
drawn up as the pirn fills, and the spindle foot finally reaches the bored or
cylindrical part of its socket, and the driving action on it ceases, whilst it is
retained in, position although not 'rotating. The yarns are drawn off reels or
bobbins not shown but carried in any convenient way either on the loom framing
or upon a stand beside the loom, and they are guided upon the pirns by the
ordinary horizontal rod 63, which is formed with a vertical stem 64-passing
down to the forked lever 65, acted upon by the ordinary "heart" cam. 66.
This cam is driven by a-train-of gearing which will be easily understood froin
the Drawing, and which is actuated by a cord of one 51 of the pulleys fast
to the loose pulley 52. The forked lever 65 of the "heart." motion is con-
trived so as to avoid the objectionable pause on changing the direction of
traverse, notwithstanding the wear of the "heart" cam 66, by jointing_one
arm 67, and by connecting the ends of both arms 67, 68; by a spring 69,
which keeps the antifriction pulleys on the arms in uniform contact with the
cam 66.
Having thus particularly described my said Invention, and the manner in
which the same is or may be performed, I have to state that I do not
restrict myself to the precise details herein described or delineated, but that
what I believe to be novel and original, and claim as the Invention secured to
me by the herein-before part recited Letters Patent is, ---
1. The actuating of shifting shuttle boxes by combinations of mechanism
substantially such as are herein-before described under the first head of the
present improvements, and in particular the using of the two oppositely acting
hooks substantially as herein-before described.
2. The combining and arranging of the details of mechanism for actuating
shifting shuttle boxes substantially as herein-before described under the second
head.
3. The actuating of the treadles or shedding levers by mechanism substan-
tially such as is herein-before described under the third and fourth heads.
4. The contriving of the pattern mechanism so that each card produces a
number of actions in succession substantially as herein-before described under
the fifth head.

page_text: 5. The providing of looms having shifting shuttle boxes with mechanism for
lifting all but the last weft shot out of the way substantially such as is herein-
before described under the sixth head.
6. The applying to looms of mechanism for winding the weft yarns upon the
shuttle pirns substantially as herein-before described under the seventh head.
7. The causing of the pirn in winding machinery to run between a set of
conical antifriction rollers; the fitting of the wharve with a bush, having a
part bored out cylindrically; and the contriving of the "heart motion "lever
so as to prevent "play" or slackness in reversing, all substantially as herein-
before described under the seventh head of the present improvements.
In witness whereof, I, the said Isaac Whitesmith, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Ninth day of October in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and-sixty-two.
ISAAC WHITESMITH. (L.S.)
5 Witness,
EDMUND HUNT, Patent Agent,
28, St. Enoch Square, Glasgow.