Improvements in Arrangements for Opening and Closing the Windows of Railway and other Vehicles and Sliding Sash Windows.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 9th July, 1896
Complete Specification Left, 5th Apr., 1897-Accepted, 29th May, 1897
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Arrangements for Opening and Closing the
Windows of Railway and other Vehicles and Sliding Sash
Windows.
I, JOHN TAYLOR of 84 Corporation Street, Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Leather Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the said invention,
to be as follows:-
1. My improvements are applicable to arrangements for opening and closing the
windows of railway and other vehicles, the subject of Letters Patent granted to
me No. 14496 of 1887.
My invention consists in substituting a spiral spring or springs or a helical spring
or springs to act in place of the weight referred to in the Specification of my said
Letters Patent for counter-balancing and lifting the window sash.
The helical spring is or may be arranged in the axis of the roller or shaft made
hollow to receive it, so that it will be wound up when the window is pushed down,
and will react and rotate the roller in the reverse direction to lift the window.
The hollow roller is or may be arranged in bearings on the inside of the sash
and the brake for arresting the ascent of the sash may act directly upon it.
2. My invention is also applicable to ordinary sliding ascending and descending
window sashes for houses and other buildings which are generally counter-balanced
by weights, two for each sasb, each weight attached to one end of a cord or rope-
which is passed over a pulley and its other end is secured to the sash.
According to my invention the weights are made beavy enough to lift the
window sash when at liberty to do so, that is, to lift the lower sash to open it and
lift the upper sash to close it, so that the lower sash has to be pushed down to
close it and the upper sash has to be pushed down to open it.
In combination with the sashes arranged as above described, I employ racks on
the sashes, and pawls on the window frame, or brakes, one on each side to press
upon each sash, or the pulley or cord or rope for each sash; which arrangements
act to prevent the sashes from being moved by the weights when the upper sash is
open or the lower sash is shut, except when the action of these pawls and racks or
brake arrangements are released or withdrawn.
These holding devices are or may be arranged and' actuated in a variety of ways
and by suitable connections such as cords chains or wires, or shafts operated by
levers, or push buttons or other suitable contrivances.
Dated this Eighth day of July 1896
PETER J. LIVSEY,
Agent.

page_text: Improvements in Arrangements for Opening and Closing the
Windows of Railway and other Vehicles and Sliding Sash
Windows.
I, JOHN TAYLOR of 84 Corporation Street, Manchester, in the County of
Lancaster, Leather Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement:--
1. My improvements are applicable to arrangements for opening and closing the
windows of railway and other vehicles the subject of Letters Patent granted to me
No. 14496 of 1887.
My invention consists in substituting a spiral spring or springs or a helical
spring or springs to act in place of the weight referred to in the Specification of
my said Letters Patent, for counter-balancing and lifting the window sash.
The helical spring is or may be arranged in the axis of the roller or shaft made
hollow to receive it, so that it will be wound up when the window is pushed down,
and will react and rotate the roller in the reverse direction to lift the window, the
hollow roller is or may be arranged in bearings on the inside of the sash and the
brake for arresting the ascent of the sash may act directly upon it.
2. My invention is also applicable to ordinary sliding, ascending and descending
window sashes for houses and other buildings which are generally counter-balanced
by weights, two for each sash, each weight attached to one end of a cord or rope
which is passed over a pulley and its other end is secured to the sash.
According to my invention the weights are made heavy enough to lift the
window sash when at liberty to do so, that is, to lift the lower sash to open it, and
lift the upper sash to close it, so that the lower sash has to be pushed down to close
it and the upper sash has to be pushed down to open it, but the lower sash may be
arranged to close when at liberty and to be opened by lifting it.
In combination with the sashes arranged as above described, I employ racks on
the sashes and pawls on the window frame, or brakes, one on each side to press
upon each sash, or the pulley or cord or rope for each sash; which arrangements
act to prevent the sashes from being moved by the weights or hy the weight of the
lower sash when arranged to be in excess of the weights, when the upper sash is
open or the lower sash is shut, except when the action of these pawls and racks or
brake arrangements are released or withdrawn..
These holding devices are or may be arranged and actuated in a variety of ways
and by suitable connections such as cords chains or wires, or shafts operated by
levers, or push buttons or other suitable contrivances.
Fig. 1, is an elevation of the inside of the door of a vehicle as an example, to
which my invention is to be applied.
Fig. 2, is a sectional elevation, the section being on a line A-B Fig. 1. These
views give a general idea of the mode of applying my invention to the windows of
vehicles.
Fig. 3, is a sectional elevation on an enlarged scale detached the section being in
the line C-D Fig. 5.
Fig. 4, is a plan view, the casing and some other parts shown in section, and an
exterior view of the hollow roller.
Fig. 5, is a cross sectional elevation in a plane at a right angle to that of Fig. 3,
through about the middle of the hollow roller.
Fig. 6, is a cross section in a plane parallel to that of Fig. 5 at E-F Fig. 4.

page_text: Fig. 7, is a cross section of the hollow roller. where the tapes or connections
between it and the window sash are attached to it.
Fig. 8, is a similar view to Fig. 7, showing an alternative mode of attachment.
Fig. 9, is a sectional elevation of one side of 'ordinary window sashes, and
Fig. 10, is an edge view, these two views Figs. 9 and 10, illustrating the second
part of my invention.
In Figs. 1 and 2-a, a' and a, are cross rails, and a', are side rails, forming the
framing of the door of a vehicle; b, the outside, and b, the inside coverings upon
the framing-e, the ventilating opening, and e', the ventilating slide; d, the window
sash sliding in grooves d', in the side rails.
This window sash can slide freely up and down, and it is shown up or closed.
da, cavity to give hold for pulling down the sash. e, is a casing preferably made
of cast metal and secured by screws e', to the side rails a³, this casing carrying the
bearings of a hollow or cylindrical roller f, to which two tapes or strips of thin
metal, woven wire or other suitable material are secured at one end, the other end
being secured to the lower part of the sash d, so that the spring within the hollow
roller, can wind up the sash when permitted.
The spring within the hollow roller is wound up when the window sash is pushed
down, and the reaction of the spring when at liberty winds up and closes the
sash.
There is a ratchet formed upon the middle part of the exterior of the hollow
roller, which is acted upon by a jointed hook pawl or trigger 9, and this hook
pawl passes over the teeth of the ratchet when the sash is pushed down, but
catches upon the ratchet teeth to prevent the hollow roller from turning the
reverse way to wind up the sash until the trigger g, is released.
The construction, arrangement and combination of the hollow roller f, and its
internal helical spring and casing e, will be, more fully and clearly explained by
the detached views on an enlarged scale.
The entire apparatus is contained in the hollow casting and only requires to be
secured by screws e', to the side rails a³, of the door, and the tapes f, from the
hollow roller, secured to the lower edge of the sash d.
The casting e, has at each end bearings for the ends of a spindle or axle A,-
one end of the spindle fits into a hole e, the other end slides into a groove in the
casting which is then closed by a plate e, and screw *.
The spindle 1, is screw threaded at one end to screw into the boss of a disc h',
until the disc comes against a shoulder on the spindle 4, then another dise f
forming one end of the hollow cylinder f, is placed on an enlarged part of the
spindle h, and this disc is free to rotate upon the spindle A, then a worm wheel 4*,
is screwed on to another screw threaded part of the spindle h, until the side of its
boss comes against a shoulder on the spindle h, as shown.
There is a disc, for the other end of the hollow roller which is also free to
rotate on the spindle h.
Within the hollow roller there is an helical spring ³, one end of which passes
through a hole in the end disc f, of the roller, and the projecting end passing
through the disc may have a small screw upon it or may be bent to prevent the
end of the spring from withdrawing from the hole in the disc. The other end
of the helical spring 4, passes through a hole in the disc 4, screwed on to the
spindle 4, and this end of the spring may also be secured if desired to prevent it
from withdrawing from the hole in the disc h'.
When the ends of the, spring A, are attached to the dises, and 4, the spring
is compressed in its lengthway and is forced into the hollow roller, and the end
dises and, are or may be screwed into the ends of the roller, or may be
secured to the ends of the roller by small screws passing through holes in the
side of the roller and screwing into the edges of the 'dises fandy, or by other
means.
Thus prepared the ends of the spindle h, can be placed in their bearings and e³,

page_text: in the casting e, and the mechanism is then ready to be secured by screws e¹, to the
side frames a³.
The ends of the tapes f¹, may be secured to the roller f, as shown in Figs. 4
and 7-namely, by a slot f, cut in the periphery of the roller f, and a cross bar f³,
the middle part of which forms a segment of the roller fitting the slot for it except
allowing for the thickness of the tape f1, the end of which is first placed over the
slot, in the roller, then the cross barf, is forced by screws f, each passing
through a hole at each end of the bar f, and screwing into the roller, forcing the
tape, into the slot f, and binding it against the edges of the slot and bar, the
exterior of that part of the bar entering the slot being flush with and forming
a continuation of the peripheral surface of the roller when fully screwed down.
By another modification shown by Fig. 8, two slots are formed in the periphery
of the roller f, to leave a bar f', between the slots round which bar the end of the
tape f, is or may be stitched or otherwise secured.
The other ends of the two tapes f¹, are each secured to the lower part of the
window sash by coming between the plate d², and sash d, the plate d', being secured
by two screws d³, screwing into the sash, see Figs. 3 and 5.
There is a ratchet toothed surface 8, formed upon the exterior of the roller f,
about its middle, and to the lower part of the casting e, a hook pawl or trigger
lever g, is jointed at g', to catch upon the ratchet teeth.
This book pawl g, is acted upon by a bent flat spring 92, one end of which is
secured by a screw or screws or otherwise to the inside of the casting e, the free
end of the spring 93, pressing against the lever g, near its fulcrum g', to force the
hook end towards the ratchet teeth f8.
By lifting the projecting trigger end g, of the pawl, the ratchet is released,
and the helical spring, within the roller f, can wind up the sash d.
The worm wheel 2, is in gear with a worm on a short shaft **, having its
bearings in the casing e.
+2
This shaft 3, has a groove ', in it for the end of a screw h, to pass into (see
Fig. 6) in order to prevent the screw or worm shaft hx, from sliding outwards.
This worm shaft and worm wheel prevent the spindle or axis h, from revolving,
but the discs 2 and 3, at the ends of the roller f, can rotate with the roller to and
fro on the spindle h, but the rotary movement imparted to the roller by pushing
down the sash d, is resisted by the helical, spring ³, which is wound up, as the
disc ', at one end to which that end of the helical spring is secured is held from
rotation at that end, by connection with the spindle h.
The tension upon the helical spring 3, can be increased or diminished as
required by turning the worm x, by a screw driver.
The screw threads upon the spindle h, and of the discs f and f³, at the ends of the
roller f, if screwed in, are in that direction so that the force of the helical spring h³,
tends to screw them tighter and hold them so.
Instead of the worm and worm shaft, the tension of the spring may be adjusted
by other arrangements if desired.
Other arrangements of hook pawl to catch upon the ratchet f8, may be used,
namely, a sliding pawl catch drawn towards the ratchet teeth by a helical spring,
and such a hook pawl is released by pushing the pawl endways against the action
of the helical spring.
A friction brake may also be used if desired in place of the ratchet and pawl
hook.
Instead of a helical spring 3, two or more spiral springs of any desired breadth
may be used. In such case the central end of the spiral coil is secured to the
spindle h, and the outer end to the inside of the hollow cylinder f, the disc h¹, being
dispensed with.
By making the hollow roller f, a little longer and applying a spur wheel at each
end to gear with a vertical toothed rack secured on each side to the margin of the
sash d, the tapes f', may be dispensed with.

page_text: Figs. 9 and 10 illustrate my invention as applied to ordinary window sashes so
that when the upper sash is opened, and the lower sash is shut, the upper will be
shut and the lower opened automatically, or when both are opened, both will close
automatically when allowed to do so.
If the upper sash is to shut automatically when opened, and the lower sash is to
open automatically when shut, both sashes are counter-weighted so that the weights
are in excess of the weight of the sashes, consequently the counter-weights acting:
upon the upper sash will close it when it is open, if allowed to do so, and the lower
sash will be lifted when shut-but if both sashes are to close automatically when
opened, then the counter-weights for the lower sash will be less than the weight
of the lower sash, so that when opened it will thus close automatically when
allowed.
The arrangements of the counter-weights a, as illustrated in Fig. 9, are ordinary,
except that they are in excess of the weights in the case of both sashes. The
pulleys k, for the counter-weight cords a', have ratchet teeth on the edges, and a.
pawl k², is jointed at 3, to the frame k, for the pulley, the hook end of which pawl!
will rest upon the teeth on the edges of the pulley.
When the upper sash is pushed down to open it, the ratchet teeth will pass.
under the hook pawl and prevent the pulley k, from rotating in the reverse way
consequently the sash will remain open until the pawl is released from the teeth.
when the weights a, can act to close the sash.
If the lower sash is pushed down or closed, the hook pawl will act to prevent.
it from lifting until released.
But if the lower sash is heavier than the counter-weights r, the ratchet teeth.
of the pulley k, will have to be reversed and a push ended pawl will have to be.
used so that when the sash is lifted, the teeth will pass under the pawl and when
the pawl is released from the ratchet, the lower sash will shut automatically
same as the upper sash. The upper sash could if desired be made to open.
automatically and shut by being pushed up by hand.
The pawls on both sides of the sash are released simultaneously by arrange-
ments described as follows.
There is a sufficiently strong wire or rod l, arranged to freely slide vertically-
in staples l, driven into the frame of the window, each wire l, at its upper end is.
cranked horizontally and then vertically and then horizontally again, but across.
the pulley entering vertical slots k, in the two side projections from the pulley
frame k. In going across the upper bent end of the wire passes under a
projection from the end of the pawl k, so that when the wire l, is lifted vertically
the pawl is released from the ratchet teeth.
The lower end of the wire l, is cranked as shown and comes over an arm 12
from a shaft, having its bearings in bushes 1, in the window frame, as shown.
in Fig. 10, when this shaft 13, is oscillated one way the wire l, is lifted.
This shaft 3, has an arm (, secured upon it to connect it by a wire or rod 18, with
a similar arm on a similar shaft on the other side of the window. There is a.
handle 1, on the outside end of each shaft 13, by moving which both shafts are
oscillated.
The arm 2, from the shaft on the other side of the window is on the opposite.
side of the shaft 3, so that both arms 12, will act to lift the vertical wire l, on each
side for the same sash simultaneously. There are corresponding arms, on both
shafts, for the other sash which act in like manner to lift the vertical wires l, for
the other sash when the shafts 13 are oscillated in the reverse direction, so that if
the handle 1, on the left of the window is moved to the right one sash will be
operated upon, and if the other handle on the right of the window is moved to the
left the other sash is operated.
The handle, on either side may move the other shaft 1, both ways, if
the connecting wire 18, is strong enough to bear the thrust one way, but by using
one handle for one sash and the other for the other sash, the rod or wire l, may

page_text: always be in tension-both shafts 13, may if desired be actuated by one handle in the
middle if desired..
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The combination of a helical or spiral spiring or springs with a hollow roller
or cylinder connected by a tape or tapes or their equivalents or toothed wheels and
racks with the sash of a window to be operated substantially as and for the
purpose hereinbefore described and illustr ted by the drawings.
2. The combination of a helical or spiral spring or springs with a hollow roller
or cylinder connected by a tape or tapes or their equivalents or toothed wheels and
racks, with the sash of a window to be operated, the roller and connected parts
being placed on the inside of the vehicle, substantially as and for the purpose
herein before described and illustrated by the drawings.
3. The combination and arrangement of mechanism with a window substantially.
as and for the purpose herein before described and illustrated by Figs. 1 to 8
inclusive of the drawings, or when modified by using toothed wheels and racks.
4. The construction and combination of the spring or springs and hollow roller,
and its axis and mode of adjusting the tension of the spring or springs substantially
as and for the purpose hereinbefore described and illustrated by Figs. 3 to 8
inclusive of the drawings.
5. The arrangement of window sashes so that when the upper and lower sashes
are opened, they will be held from closing but will close automatically when
permitted, substantially as herein before described.
6. The arrangement of window sashes so that when the upper sash is opened,
and the lower sash is closed, both will be held but the upper one will close and the
lower,one will open automatically when permitted, substantially as hereiubefore
described.
.7. The combination and arrangement of mechanism which will permit the upper
and lower sashes to be moved one way by hand, and will then hold them until
permitted to move automatically in the reverse direction, substantially as herein-
before described and illustrated by Figs. 9 and 10 of the drawings.
Dated this Third day of April 1897
PETER J. LIVSEY,
Agent.