IMPROVEMENTS IN THE DEODORIZATION AND UTILIZA- TION OF SEWAGE OR OTHER FECULENT OR PUTRESCENT MATTER, WHETHER IN A SOLID, FLUID, OR SEMI-FLUID STATE
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Ferrar Fenton, of Dewsbury, in the County of
York, and Samuel Hollins, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE DEODORIZATION AND UTILIZA-
TION OF SEWAGE OR OTHER FECULENT OR PUTRESCENT MATTER, WHETHER IN A
SOLID, FLUID, OR SEMI-FLUID STATE."
Sealed the 22nd November 1870, and dated the 21st September 1870.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Ferrar Fenton and
Samuel Hollins at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with:
their Petition, on the 21st September 1870.
We, FERRAR FENTON, of Dewsbury, in the County of York, and
SAMUEL HOLLINS of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
DEODORIZATION AND UTILIZATION OF SEWAGE OR OTHER FECULENT OR PUTRESCENT
MATTER, WHETHER IN A SOLID, FLUID, OR SEMI-FLUID STATE," to be as follows:-
:
:
This Invention consists principally in the employment for the purpose
of deodorization of either of the following compounds, vizt. :-A combina-,
tion of gypsum, sulphate of lime, bi-sulphate of iron, soot, salt, and.
cinder breeze or ashes, or a combination of the "bind," clay shale, alum

page_text: shale, or barren shale of the coal measures, or alum clay, or alum
shale, either in a raw state or roasted with any or all of the above.
These ingredients may be mixed together in equal proportions to form
the deodorizing composition which may be used either above or below
or mixed with the feculent or putrescent matter when in a solid or
semi-fluid state, or it may be used to form a filter bed for sewage or
other feculent or putrescent matter in a fluid state, or the ingredients
may be mixed together in such other proportions as the sewage or other
feculent matter may require according to local circumstances and to
the variations in the composition of the said matter. Under most
circumstances the whole of these constituents need not be used at once,
but any of them may be omitted as may be required by the state or
condition of the sewage or other matter under operation. The resulting
substance forms a valuable manure either for direct application to the
land by itself or it may be used as a substitute for coprolite as a base
for the manufacture of artificial manure.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Ferrar Fenton and Samuel Hollins in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 20th March 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, FERRAR
FENTON, of Dewsbury, in the County of York, and Samuel Hollins, of
Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-first day of September, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy, in the thirty-fourth
year of Her reign did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto us, the said Ferrar Fenton and Samuel Hollins, Her special
license that we, the said Ferrar Fenton and Samuel Hollins, our
executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as we, the said
Ferrar Fenton and Samuel Hollins, our executors, administrators, and
assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time
and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should
and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle
of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE DEODORIZATION AND
UTILIZATION OF SEWAGE OR OTHER FECULENT OR PUTRESCENT MATTER, WHETHER IN

page_text: ▲ SOLID, FLUID, OR SEMI-FLUID STATE," upon the condition (amongst others)
that we, the said Ferrar Fenton and Samuel Hollins, our executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or one of our or
their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Samuel Hollins, on behalf of
myself and the said Ferrar Fenton, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
(that is to say)
This Invention consists principally in the employment for the purpose
of deodorization of either of the following compounds, vizt. :--A combina-
tion of gypsum, sulphate of lime, bi-sulphate of iron, soot, chalk, salt,
and cinder breeze or ashes, or a combination of the "bind," clay shale,
alum shale, or barren shale of the coal measures, or alum clay, or alum
shale, either in a raw state or roasted with any or all of the above.
These ingredients may be mixed together in equal proportions to form
the deodorizing composition which may be used either above or below
or mixed with the feculent or putrescent matter when in a solid or semi-
fluid or liquid state, or it may be used to form a filter bed for sewage
or other feculent or putrescent matter in a fluid state. Or after
liquid sewage or factory water has been operated upon by intermixture
of the precipitating deodorizer it may be filtered through the filter bed
above described to render it still further chemically pure. For the
purification of acid "magma, or "seak," or "suds water," or any acid
sewage water from manufacturing operations, we use any of the above
ingredients or compositions, or salt and lime, or salt, lime, gypsum, and
chalk, or plaster of Paris, or calcined gypsum hydrated together or
separately, and afterwards incorporated or mixed in such proportions as
the different compositions of such acid "magma," seak, or suds water,
or acid sewage from manufacturing operations may require, and the
above ingredients may be used either as precipitating or filtering agents
for the purpose alone or in combination with other substances or with
the filter bed herein-before described. Or the ingredients may be mixed
together in such other proportions as the sewage or other feculent matter

page_text: may require according to local circumstances and to the variations in
the composition of the said matter, it being necessary so to alter the
composition according to the various conditions and constituents of
the sewage or other matter whether solid, liquid, or semi-fluid, or the
different factory wastes or waters that are operated on or flow into the
public sewers. Under most circumstances the whole of these con-
stituents need not be used at once, but any of them may be omitted as
may be required by the state or condition of the sewage or other matter
under operation. The resulting substance forms a valuable manure
either for direct application to the land by itself, or it may be used as
a substitute for coprolite as a base for the manufacture of artificial
manure.
Having now described the nature and object of our said Invention
for "
Improvements in the Deodorization and Utilization of Sewage or
other Feculent or Putrescent Matter, whether in a Solid, Fluid, or Semi-
fluid State," together with the manner in which the same is to be or
may be performed or carried into practical effect, we wish it to be
understood that we claim, as our Invention,-
The use of the filter bed and precipitating compositions above described,
and especially the use and application of the above compositions for :
purifying acid sewage from manufacturing operations,―
And, secondly, we claim the use of the above compositions by
precipitation and filtering, either separately or combined.
.In witness whereof, I, the said Samuel Hollins, on behalf of myself
and the said Ferrar Fenton, have hereunto set my hand and seal,
this Seventeenth day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-one.
Witness,
GEORGE DAVIES, C.E.,
Office for Patents,
Manchester.
SAM¹. HOLLINS. (L.S.)