Improvements in and Connected with the Manufacture of Cement and Apparatus for Use therein.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 9th Feb., 1888
Complete Specification Left, 9th Nov., 1888
Complete Specification Accepted, 31st Dec., 1888
Improvements in and Connected with the Manufacture of Cement
and Apparatus for Use therein.
I WILLIAM JOY of Stonebridge Hill Northflect in the County of Kent Cement
Burner do hereby declare the nature of this Invention to be as follows:-.
My invention consists first in feeding and loading or charging cement kilns partly
with a mixture of slurry and fuel and partly with slurry unmixed with fuel. Both the
said mixture and the slurry may be either wet or dry or partially dried. Or the
mixture may be wet and the slurry dry or partially dried. Or the mixture may bo
dry or partially dried and the slurry wet.
My said invention consists further in heating steam generators by means of the
products of combustion and the heat radiated from the burning charge in cement kilns
worked according to the methods described in the specifications of Letters Patent
granted to me and bearing date respectively the 30th day of July 1885 and the 22nd
day of December 1885 and the 8th day of February 1886 and numbered respectively
9154 and 15751 and 1816 that is to say kilns fed by throwing into them successive
portions of the matter to be burned as the burning proceeds. In carrying out this
part of my invention larrange the said generators either in the domes of the kilns or in
Hlues through which the said products of combustion pass from the kilns to the
chimney shaft or shafts and I provide arrangements by which the said products of
combustion may be shut off or diverted from the said generators wheu desirable.
My said invention consists further of the improvements hereinafter described in
apparatus for use in the preparation of slurry for the manufacture of cement.
According to this part of my invention I provide rollers for crushing the chalk
which rollers I arrange in such a position relatively to an edge runner mill that the
chalk passes into the pan thereof after passing between the said rollers. The bottom
of the said pan is perforated or grated and below it is a chamber containing stirrers
which chamber communicates with a trough in which screw like arms work. The
clay to be mixed with the chalk is placed in the said pan with or without water as
may be required and is there ground and mixed with the chalk by the action of the

page_text: edge runners. The mixture passes through the perforated or grated bottom of the
pan into the aforesaid chamber and is there acted on by the stirrers and thence passes
into the trough along which it is propelled and in which it is further mixed by the
action of the screw like arms. On issuing from the trough the mixture is ready for
removal to the drying floors or it may be further ground by being passed between
millstones.
My said invention consists further of the improvements hereinafter described in
arrangements for drying slurry by the products of combustion passing from kilns in
which cement is being burned.
This part of my invention relates to arrangements for drying slurry in which a row
of kilns and the flues of a row of drying Hoors communicate respectively with an
intermediate flue which conveys the products of combustion from the kilns to the
drying floors. In use the said arrangements are attended by certain objections
which my improvements are dosigned to obviate.
According to my said improvements I divide the intermediate flue by means of
partitions formed at or about the parts adjacent to the middles of the kilus and I
connect each of the said kilns with the intermediate flue by means of cross flues
opening into the said intermediate flue on opposite sides of the said partitions and 1
arrange dampors or shutters in certain of the said flues or in the flues of the drying
floors by actuating which dampers or shutters the products of combustion from each
kiln may be caused to pass to the intermediate flue on one or other side of the
partition according as required. Thus each kiln is connected to two drying floors
and cach drying floor to two kilns.
Dated this Ninth day of February 1888.

page_text: and Apparatus for Use therein.
I WILLIAM JOY of Stonebridge Hill Northfleet in the County of Kent Cement
Burner do hereby declare the nature of this Invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:
-
My invention consists first in feeding or loading or charging cement kilns partly
with a mixture of slurry and fuel and partly with slurry unmixed with fuel. Both
the said mixture and the slurry may be either wet or dry or partially dried. Or the
mixture may be wet and the slurry dry or partially dried. Or the mixture may be
dry or partially dried and the slurry wet.
"
In order to the carrying out of this part of my invention I partly charge the lower
part of the kiln by placing a layer of bavins or faggots on the fire bars and on this a
layer of coke about eight inches deep and on the coke a layer of slurry and fuel in
admixture of about the same depth the mixture being either wet or dry and I then
ignito the bavins or faggots and when the fire begins to break through the upper part
of the charge I feed the kiln either as described in the specification of Letters Patent
No. 9154 granted to me and bearing date the 30th day of July A.D. 1885 or as
described in the specification of Letters Patent No. 15751 granted to me and bearing
date the 22nd day of December A.D. 1885 and I continue so feeding the kiln until
the lower portion of the charge is converted into a " clinker or mass of uniform
density or compactness which condition of the said part of the charge may be
ascertained by its appearance when viewed through the spaces between the fire bars
or by driving an iron rod down into the charge the passage of which rod is very
forcibly resisted when it comes into contact with the portion of the charge which has
been converted into clinker. The formation of clinker in the lower part of the
charge ordinarily takes place by the time the quantity of matter in the kiln when
fed as hereinbefore described is from two to three feet in depth. When the burning
charge has been brought to this condition I proceed with the further feeding of the
kiln according to my present invention. That is to say I further feed the kiln partly
with a mixture of slurry and fuel and partly with neat slurry (i.e. slurry uninixed
with fuel). The manner in which I prefer to charge the said matters into the kiln
and the proportions in which I prefer to use the mixture of slurry and fuel and the
neat slurry in thus feeding the kiln are hereinafter particularly described.
As soon as the fire rises uear enough to the surface at any part or parts of the
charge to cause a dull red glow to appear at such part or parts I throw thereon by
means of a shovel or otherwise a sufficient quantity of either the mixture or neat
slurry to obscure the said glow taking care to distribute the mixture or the neat
slurry as evenly and equally as possible over the said part or parts and I continue
thus feeding the kiln with either the mixture or the neat slurry by depositing a
sufficient quantity on any part or parts where from time to time the dull red glow
appears. Where the said glow reappears at a part or parts where the mixture has

page_text: been thus deposited I deposite neat slurry thereon and where the said glow reappears
at a part or parts where neat slurry has been deposited as hereinbefore described I
deposit a quantity of the mixture thereon.
In this way I proceed until the kiln is full but as the heat in the kiln increases as
the mass of burning charge increases it is necessary to use a less quantity of the
mixture in proportion to the neat slurry as the charge accumulates than at starting.
Thus on starting the feeding of the kiln according to my present invention I use the
mixture and the neat slurry in the proportions of about three parts by bulk of the
former and one part by bulk of the latter and after feeding with these proportions for
about six or eight hours I use the mixture and the neat slurry in the proportions of
about two parts by bulk of the former and one part by bulk of the latter and
and after fooding with these proportions for about the same length of time 1 nse the
mixture and the neat slurry in about equal proportions by bulk and after feeding
with these proportions for a further period of six or eight hours I use the mixture
and the neat slurry in the proportions of about two parts by bulk of the former
to three parts by bulk of the latter.
If at any time during the operation of feeding the kiln according to my present
invention the burning of the charge should proceed irregularly that is if the fire should
break through the surface at any part or if at any time the feeding should be delayed
until the upper layers of the charge be burnt through the feeding with neat slurry
must be discontinued until the charge has been again brought to the condition of a
compact and uniformly burning mass which effect may be produced by feeding the
kiln for a time as described in my aforesaid specification No. 9154 of 1885.
Instead of charging the lower part of the kiln as herein before described preparatory
to starting it may be charged to a sufficient depth in the ordinary way or in any other
convenient way.
The fuel for mixing with the slurry may be either coke breeze or small coal or
dust coal.
The proportions of the slurry and the fuel in the mixture of slurry and fuel may be
equal where coke breeze is used. Where small coal or dust coal is used the propor-
tions of slurry and fuel in the mixture may be five of the former to four of the latter.
Both the mixture and the neat slurry may be fed into the kiln in a wet or moist or
dry or partially dried state. Or the mixture may be wet or moist and the neat slurry
dry or partially dried. Or the mixture may be dry or partially dried and the neat
slurry moist or wet. Where 1 use the mixture or the slurry or both in a wet stato I
prefer that they shall not be liquid or so wet that they cannot be readily thrown into
the kiln by means of a shovel with sufficient precision to cause the portions so thrown
in to be lodged where required in order that the several layers may be of sufficiently
even and uniform depth or thickness.
In feeding a kiln as hereinbefore described I throw the matters into it through the-
"loading eye or opening in the dome or conical roof thereof.
"
When a kiln has been fully or sufficiently charged by feeding it as hereinbefore
described the charge may be allowed to burn out and he then drawn and tho kiln
restarted and again fed as herein before described or after the kiln has been fully
or sufficiently charged as herein before described a portion of the burnt charge may be
drawn from the lower part and the feeding as hereinbefore described then resumed
the kiln being thus worked continuously.
With reference to the part of my Invention herein before described I wish it to be
understood that I make no claim to the use per se of a mixture of slurry and fuel in
the feeding or loading or charging of cement kilns and that I make no claim to the
use of neat slurry in the said operation otherwise than in conjunction with the use of
a mixture of slurry and fuel. And I further wish it to be understood that although
I have described in detail the manner in which I prefer to operate in carrying out the
said part of my Invention yet my claim which is hereinafter stated is not restricted to
the loading or charging or feeding of cement kilns precisely in the manner I have
described as the details of the operation hereinbefore described may be considerably
varied without departing from the nature of this part of my Invention.

page_text: My said Invention consists further of the improvements hereinafter described in
apparatus for use in the preparation of slurry for the manufacture of cement.
According to this part of my invention I provide rolls for crushing the chalk which
rolls I arrange in such a position relatively to an edge runner mill that the chalk
passes into the pan thereof after passing between the said rolls. The bottom of the
said pan
is perforated or grated and below it is a chamber containing arms or stirrers
which chamber communicates with a trough or cylinder in which arins or stirrers
work. The clay to be mixed with the chalk is placed in the said pan with or without
water as may be required and is there ground and mixed with the chalk by the action
of the edge runners. The mixture passes through the perforated or grated bottom of
the pan into the aforesaid chamber and is there acted on by the arms or stirrers
therein and thence passes into the trough or cylinder along which it is propelled and
in which it is further mixed by the action of the arms or stirrers working therein. On
issuing from the said trough or cylinder the mixture is ready for removal to the
drying floors or it may be further ground by being passed between millstones
or rolls.
The said apparatus is illustrated partly in elevation and partly in vertical section in
Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings and parts thereof are separately illustrated in
Figures 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 of the said Drawings. In the following description the parts
of the said drawings are referred to by the letters and figures marked thereon.
a a are the rolls for crushing the chalk is the pan of the edge runner mill the
bottom of which consists in part of removable grids or gratings marked 6' 6' in
Figure 2 which is a plan of the said pan one of which grids or gratings is shown
separately drawn to a larger scale in plan in Figure 3 in edge view in Figure 4 and
in section (taken on the line A Figure 3) in Figure 5. care the edge runners
which work in the said pan b. d is the chamber below the said pan and e is the trough
or cylinder with which the said chamber d communicates at . ff are the arms or
stirrers within the chamber d and g g are the arms or stirrers within the trough or
cylinder e the said arms ff being secured to a shaft h working in bearings h¹ to
which shaft the edge runners are connected by a cross shaft i. The said arms 9 gare
secured to a shaft which works in bearings j¹ j¹ and is geared to the shaft which is
also geared to a driving shaft k. llare scrapers carried by the cross shaft i the
object of which scrapers is to assist in forcing the ground matters to pass from the
pan through the grids in the bottom thereof into the chamber d. One of the said
scrapers is shown separately in end view in Figure 6. a' a' are scrapers which
romove from the rolls a a any chalk which may adhere thereto and a is a shoot by
which the crushed chalk passing from the said rolls a a is directed into the pan b.
m m are the rolls between which the matters issuing from the trough or cylinder e
pass to a pit below them from which pit the said matters are or may be raised as
required by means of an archimedian screw or other suitable contrivance. m² m² are
scrapers which remove from the rolls mm any matter adhering thereto. Motion is
communicated to the said rolls mm and the rolls a a and the shaft & from any suitable
Where
motor by means of bands passing over pulleys or by other suitable means.
millstones are used for grinding the matters passing from the trough or cylinder e the
said millstones are substituted for the rolls mm and suitable provision is made for
directing the matters to be ground to the said millstones.
My said invention consists further of the improvements hereinafter described in
arrangements for drying slurry by the products of combustion passing from kilns in
which cement is being burned.
This part of my invention relates to arrangements for drying slurry in which a row
of kilus and the flues of a row of drying floors communicate respectively with an
intermediate flue which conveys the products of combustion from the kilns to the flues
under the drying floors. In use the said arrangements are attended by certain
objections which my improvements are designed to obvinte.
According to my said improvements I divide the intermediate flue by means of
partitions formed at or about the parts adjacent to the middles of the kilns and

page_text: I connect each of the said kilns with the intermediate flue by means of flues opening
into the said intermediate flue on opposite sides of the said partitions and I arrange
dampers or shutters in certain of the latter flues and in the flues of the drying floors
by actuating which dampers or shutters the products of combustion from each kiln
may be caused to pass to the intermediate flue on one or other side of the partition
according as required. Thus each kiln is connected to two drying floors and each
drying floor to two kilns.
Figure 7 of the accompanying Drawings represents partly in front elevation and
partly in vertical section a portion of a row of kilns connected with drying floors as
hereinbefore described and Figure 8 is a horizontal section of the same. The line on
which the section shown in Figure 7 is taken is indicated at B in Figure 8 and the
line on which the section Figure 8 is taken is indicated at C in Figure 7. Figure 9
is a transverse vertical section of one of the kilns and drying floors taken on the
line D Figure 8.
n' n n n no are the kilns. 01 02 03 04 0º are the drying floors which may be built
on arches as shown in Figures 7 and 9. P¹P¹ P² P² P³ p³ p* p* p³ p³ are the flues
of the drying floors. 77² 7³ 17 are the several portions of the intermediate flue.
7 7 7 7 m² u³ ³
7280
are the flues which communicate between the kilns and the
intermediate fluc. s is the flue by which the products of combustion passing from
the kilns through the aforesaid flues are conveyed to the chimney shaft which is not
shown in the Drawings. tt2 ttt are the partitions by which the intermediate flue
is divided into the several portions marked qqqqq which partitions as shown in
Figure 8 are formed at or about the parts adjacent to the middles of the kilns.
The flues uu uu u are separated from each other at and near the ends which open
into the kilns by walls or partitions u" u*. By means of the said flues s prt p
² u² u³u u each of the several kilns is connected with two drying floors and cach of
the several drying floors (except the one at cach extremity of the entire row) is
connected to two kilns. The dampers arranged in the several flues go go got me are
marked those in the flues u u³ ³ uus are marked w w and those in the
flues p p p p p are marked yy. By raising certain of the said dampers and y
so as to open the flues in which they are arranged the products of combustion from
any one of the kilns may be caused to pass to and through the flues of either or both
of the drying floors with which it is connected by way of certain of the flues
and by raising certain of the said dampers w and y the products of combustion from
any one of the kilns may be caused to pass to and through the flues of the drying
floors with which it is connected by way of certain of the flues u¹ u³ ³ u¹ u³. For
example if the damper v in the flue of the kiln n and the dampers y y in the
flues p p be raised the products of combustion from the said kiln n² will pass through
the said flue and the Hue 92 and the flues p2 p³ and the flues to the chimney and
thus heat the drying floor o³. If the damper in the flue of the said kiln n and
the dampers y y in the flues p³ ³ be raised the products of combustion from the said
kiln will pass through the said flue and the flue and the flues 2 p to and
through the flues to the chimney and thus heat the drying floor o³. If all the said
dampers be raised at one time both the drying floor and the drying floor o³ will be
heated by the products of combustion from the kiln ². By raising the damper win
the flue of the kiln n² or by raising the damper win the flue us of the
kiln n² instead of raising the dampers as hereinbefore described the products
of combustion from the said kiln n² may be caused to pass to the flues p³ p³
under the drying floor o³ or to the flues p³ p³ under the drying floor o³ by way of the
flues instead of passing thereto by way of the flues.
08
Where desirable the products of combustion from two of the kilns may be caused to
pass through the flues under the same drying floor. Thus by raising the dampers v
in the flues of both the kilns n' and n³ and by raising the dampers y y of the
flues p² p² the products of combustion from both the said kilns will be caused to pass
under the drying floor o² and the same effect may be produced by raising the
dampers ww in the flues u u* of the said kilns instead of raising the aforesaid

page_text: dampers the products of combustion from the said kilns n' and n³ passing in this
case to the said flues p³ ³ by way of the flues ³ ³ instead of by way of the flues
as in the former case. By the arrangements hereinbefore described I obtain thorough
control of the gases issuing from the kilns.
My said invention consists further in heating steam generators by means of the
products of combustion from the burning charge in cement kilns fed or loaded or
charged by throwing into them successive portions of the matter to be burned as the
burning proceeds. In carrying out this part of my Invention I arrange the said
generators in flues through which the said products of combustion pass from the kilns
to the chimney shaft or shafts and I provide arrangements by which the said products
of combustion may be shut off or diverted from the said generators when desirable.
Figure 10 of the accompanying Drawings is a vertical section and Figure 11 is a
horizontal section showing portions of the kilns n' n³ and the flues u² u² and
drawn to a larger scale than in Figures 7, 8 and 9 hereinbefore described and showing
steam generators arranged in the said flues u u². The section Figure 10 is taken on
the line E Figure 11 and the section Figure 11 is taken on the line F
Figure 10 that is on a line somewhat higher than the line on which the section
Figure 8 herein before referred to is taken.
Referring to the said Figures 10 and 11 2 2¹ are the steam generators which are
arranged in the flues u² and connected by tubes by which also the steam
generated is conveyed where it may be required for use. When steam is required
to be raised in the said generators the dampers vv are kept closed and the dampers
ww are opened the products of combustion being thus caused to pass from the
kiln through the flues ³ ³ as hereinbefore described with reference to Figures 7, 8
and 9. When the said generators are not required to be used the dampers wo wo are
kept closed and the dampers vv are opened whereby the said products of combustion
are caused to pass from the kiln to the flues p² p² (Figure 8) by way of the
flues as herein before described with reference to the said Figures 7, 8 and 9.
If desired steam generators may be arranged in the flues under the drying
floors. Any suitable form of steam boiler or steam generator may be used.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said Inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I
claim is :-
First The method hereinbefore described of loading or, charging or feeding a
cement kiln after it has been partly charged in any suitable way and while the
portion of charge therein is burning that is to say feeding or loading or charging
the kiln by depositing therein quantities of a mixture of slurry and fuel and
quantities of neat slurry.
Secondly-Apparatus combined and arranged substantially as herein before described
with reference to Figure 1 of the accompanying Drawings for use in the proparation
of slurry for the manufacture of cement.
Thirdly The arrangement in combination with a row of kilns and drying floors of
flues provided with dampers and leading from the kilns and communicating with the
flues under the drying floors as hereinbefore described with reference to and illustrated
in Figures 7, 8 and 9 of the accompanying Drawings.
Dated this 9th day of November 1888.
W. T. WHITEMAN,
Agent for the Applicant.