IMPROVE- MENTS IN PENCIL CASES USUALLY TERMED EVER-POINTED PENCILS
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Clark, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Engineer and Patent Agent, for the Invention of "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PENCIL CASES USUALLY TERMED EVER-POINTED PENCILS." A com-
munication from abroad by Henri Louis Riottot, junior, Pencil Case
Manufacturer, of 29, Douievart St. Martin, Paris.
of Middlesex, Engineer and Patent Agent, for the Invention of “IMPROVË-
MENTS IN PENCIL CASES USUALLY TERMED EVER-POINTED PENCILS." -A com-
munication from abroad by Henri Louis Riottot, junior, Pencil Case
Sealed the 27th June 1865, and dated the 26th January 1865.
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN PENCIL CASES USUALLY TERMED EVER-POINTED PENCILS," to
be as follows:-
This Invention relates to improvements in pencil cases ensuring a perfection
in these articles never hitherto attained. Pencil cases as now constructed
are furnished with a screw for projecting and withdrawing the lead which is
introduced in a small tube serving to hold the same and when the lead is used
up a broken fragment necessarily remains in the tube which is often difficult
or troublesome to remove, and impedes the action of the pencil case. The
improvements forming the object of the present application for Letters Patent
consist in facilitating the application of the lead without the necessity of

page_text: removing the stump which always remains in the holder; in fact, by the im-
provements herein described it is almost impossible for any portion to remain,
as I apply an internal stem which pushes up the lead until it is entirely
used; the lead is also introduced at the same end as that from which it emerges,
consequently the nose or point never requires unscrewing, and so ensures
increased strength, economy in the manufacture, and facility in the use of the
pencil case.
This Invention is illustrated in the accompanying Drawing, Fig. 1 of which
shows a longitudinal section of the pencil case complete; Fig. 2 is a detail
of a spiral tube for advancing and withdrawing the studs or pins herein-after
described; Figs. 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 also show details of the different portions of
the pencil case, while Fig. 8 shows a section of a modification of the part for
supplying the lead represented in the preceding Figures. The same letters
represent the same parts seen in different positions.
a, tube having a groove b, in which is placed the lead c; d, pin soldered to
the interior of tube a, projecting so as to engage in a spiral tube e for project-
ing and withdrawing the lead as in ordinary pencil cases. The twist of the
spiral tube diminishes towards one end for two or three turns as seen in
Fig. 2, the object of which will be presently seen; f, second pin having a stem g,
received in groove b of tube a, while pin f projects through said groove and
engages in spiral tube e, pin g also passing through part d; k, socket, having
a groove in which the tube a is received, as also the studs with which it is
supplied, said studs project through groove i so as to be guided in a rectilinear
direction without turning with the spiral, which arrangement is common
to most pencil cases. The improvement in this part consists in the use of two
pins, and in varying the twist of the spiral tube e for the purpose of obtaining
a variation in the motion of the two pins at a required instant; j, head of tube
h, in which is screwed the nose k of the pencil case; 1, collar serving to prevent
the rotation of tube h and fixed thereto, as also to case m. The whole being
arranged as described and represented in the Drawings, the action is as
follows: When the lead is entirely used up in the holder a, with the exception,
of a small fragment, it is expelled by simply continuing the rotation of the
spiral tube; at this moment the first pin d engages in the smaller twist of
the spiral groove, and produces little motion in a rectilinear direction for a
given angle of rotation, hence the pin f approaches pin d, its stem 9 driving.
out the last fragment of lead from tubes a and k. In order to introduce a
new lead it is only necessary to rotate the spiral in the contrary direction by
turning the pencil case, when pin f having a quicker motion will reassume
its original position with regard to pin d, which latter has slowly traversed

page_text: the smaller twist of the spiral, and the two pins being thus engaged in the
more lengthened twist, remain at their proper distance apart so as to move
up and down at the same speed in groove i, the pin g also remains
stationary in the interior of tube a carrying the lead, the end of which being
liberated from stem g the leads may be introduced through the nose / without
the latter being unscrewed.
Fig. 8 shows a modification of the part for forcing up the lead, in which
only one pin n is employed, engaging in a spiral groove having the same twist
throughout as in ordinary pencil cases; o, stem, to which pin n is fixed; P,
socket of lead carrier, to which is fixed a spiral spring q, the other end of the
latter bearing on part n. When the lead is used up or broken, the holder p
bears against a projection on the interior of the nose of the pencil case, and.
on continuing the rotation for the purpose of projecting the lead, the stem o
compresses the spiral spring q in such manner as to cause said stem to force
out the end of the lead from nose k. I may also in order to force out the
lead furnish the tube carrying the same with a movable stem to be worked
with the nail, in which case it would be necessary to unscrew the smaller
end of the pencil case and expel the stump of the lead by pushing up said stem:
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said William Clark in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
25th July 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Engineer and
Patent Agent, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-sixth day of January, in the year of our
Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-eighth year
of Her reign, did, for Herself; Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said William Clark, Her special licence that I, the said William
Clark, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said William Clark, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any
time agree with, and no others, from time to time, and at all times there-
after during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,"
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN PENCIL CASES USUALLY TERMED EVER-POINTED PENCILS," a communication"

page_text: to me from abroad by Henri Louis Riottot, junior, Pencil Case Manu-
facturer, of 29, Boulevart St. Martin, Paris, upon the condition (amongst
others) that I, the said William Clark, my executors or administrators, by an
instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals
should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention,
and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said William Clark, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, reference being had to the Sheet of Drawings hereunto
annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say) :-
This Invention relates to improvements in pencil cases whereby to ensure a
perfection in these articles never hitherto attained. Pencil cases as now con-
structed are furnished with a screw for projecting and withdrawing the lead
which is introduced in a small tube serving to hold the same, and when the
lead is used up or broken a fragment necessarily remains in the tube, which
is often difficult or troublesome to remove, and impedes the action of the
pencil case. The improvements forming the object of the present Inven-
tion consist in facilitating the application of the lead without the necessity
of removing the stump which always remains in the holder; in fact by the
improvements herein described it is almost impossible for any portion to
remain, as I apply an internal rod which pushes up the lead until it is entirely
used; the lead is also introduced at the same end as that from which it
emerges, consequently the nose or point never requires unscrewing, and so
ensures increased strength, economy in the manufacture, and facility in the
use of the pencil case.
This Invention is illustrated in the accompanying Drawing, Fig. 1 of which
shows a longitudinal section of the pencil case complete; Fig. 2 is a detached
view of the spiral tube for advancing and withdrawing the studs or pins
herein-after described; Figs. 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7, also show details of the different
portions of the pencil case; while Fig. 8 shows a section of a modification of
the part for pushing up the lead represented in the preceding Figures. The
same letters represent the same parts seen in different positions in the several
Figures.
a, tube, having a groove b, in which is placed the lead c; d, pin, soldered to
tube a, and projecting so as to engage in a spiral tube or worm e for projecting
and withdrawing the lead as in ordinary pencil cases. The pitch of the

page_text: The rotary
spiral tube e diminishes towards the end for three or more turns as seen. in
Fig. 2, the object of which will be presently seen; f second pin, having a stem g
received in groove b of tube a, which pin f projects through said groove and en-
gages in spiral tube e; h, tube having a groove i, in which the tube a is received,
as also the studs with which it is supplied, said studs project through groove i
so as to be guided in a rectilinear direction without turning with the spiral,
which arrangement is common to most pencil cases. The improvement in
this part consists in the use of two pins, and in changing the twist of the spiral
tube e for the purpose of obtaining a variation in the motion of the two pins at
a required instant; j, head of the tube h, in which is screwed the nose k of the
pencil case; &, cap of the holder, soldered to tube or case m, or it may be screwed
thereto when the holder is furnished with a reserve of leads.
motion of grooved tube h is prevented by the piecej to which it is soldered, and
in order to produce the required motion in the pencil case for projecting the
lead, the said piece is to be held by the thumb and finger of the one hand,
whilst with the other the external tube m is caused to turn, which encloses the
worm e, this being fixed thereto or otherwise fitted into it tightly. The whole
being arranged as described and represented in the Drawings, the action
is as follows:-When the lead is entirely used up in the holder a, with the
exception of a small fragment, it is expelled by simply continuing the rotation
of the case and spiral tube, at this moment the first pin d engages in the
smaller twist of the spiral groove, and produces little motion in a rectilinear
direction for a given angle of rotation of the apparatus, while the second pin f
always remains engaged in the lower part of the worm, and travels further in
a rectilinear sense for the same angle of rotation, hence the latter pin f
approaches pin d, its stem g driving out the last fragment of lead from tube a
and nose k. In order to introduce a new lead it is only necessary to
rotate the worm in the contrary direction by turning the pencil case, when pin f
having a quicker motion will reassume its original position with regard to
pin d, which latter has slowly traversed the smaller part of the worm, and the
two pins being thus engaged in that part of the worm of greater pitch remain
at their original distance apart so as to move up and down at the same speed
in groove i, the stem 9 also remaining stationary at its furthest backward
position in the interior of tube a, carrying the leads, they may be readily
introduced through the nose k without the latter being unscrewed.
Fig. 8 shows a modification of the part for forcing up the lead in which
only one pin n is employed engaging in a spiral groove having the same twist
throughout as in ordinary pencil cases; o, stem, to which pin n is fixed; p, socket
or lead holder, to which is fixed a spiral spring 9 bearing at the one end on

page_text: the pin n, and secured at the other end to lead holder p; when the lead is used
up or broken the holder p bears against a projection on the interior of the
nose of the pencil case, and on continuing the rotation of the latter for the
purpose of projecting the lead, the stem o compresses the spiral spring 9 in
such, manner as to cause said stem to force out the end of the lead from nose k.
I may also in order to force out the lead furnish the tube carrying the same
with a movable stem to be worked with the finger nail, in which case it would
be necessary to unscrew the small end of the pencil case, and expel the stump
of the lead by pushing up. said stem.
Having described the nature of this Invention and the manner of per-
forming the same, I declare that what I claim as the Invention to be protected
by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is, the combination and
arrangement of parts herein-before described constituting an ever-pointed
pencil in which the last or remaining fragment of worn out or broken lead is
expelled automatically from the nose or end piece, and whereby fresh lead
may be inserted without its being necessary to unscrew the said end piece from
the tube, all as herein-before described..
In witness whereof, I, the said William Clark, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of July, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five.
W. CLARK. (L.S.)