CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to William Jackson, of 12, Caroline Street, Eaton Square,
Pimlico, in the County of Middlesex, Sewing Machine Manufacturer, for the
Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN SEWING MACHINES."
Sealed the 7th August 1877, and dated the 9th March 1877.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said William Jackson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 9th March 1877.
WILLIAM JACKSON, of 1ª, Caroline Street, Eaton Square, Pimlico, in the County
of Middlesex, Sewing Machine Manufacturer. "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
SEWING MACHINES."
This Invention relates to further improvements in my Invention for which
Letters Patent were granted to me, dated the 10th of June, 1874, No. 2081, and has
reference to the mechanism of those machines which are used for heavy material
and for manufacturing purposes rather than those constructed for family use..
The arm or horn of a sewing machine is the bed which supports the work against
the thrust of the needle, and which contains the looper and thread passage. My
further improvements consists in so constructing and arranging this arm or horn as
to give more facility for sewing soles of boots and shoes round the toe of a boot or
shoe or other material without changing the position of the needle or the arm.
A cam is attached ou the main shaft of the sewing machine which works in con-
nection with a pin and lever; this pin and lover is for the purpose of moving a
rack and wheel which is attached to the looper or thread conductor.
At the present time the toe is rivetted, but by my further improvements I can
sew around the toe, and in thin boots it is preferred to sew round the toe instead
of being rivetted.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said William Jackson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 8th
September 1877.
WILLIAM JACKSON, of 1ª, Caroline Strect, Eaton Square, Pimlico, in the County
"ČERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
of Middlesex, Sewing Machine Manufacturer.
SEWING MACHINES."
This Invention relates to further improvements for which Letters Patent were
granted to me dated the 16th of June, 1874, Nod. 2081, and has reference to the
mechanisin of those sewing or stitching machines which are used for heavy material
It
and for manufacturing purposes rather than those constructed for family use.
consists in a novel construction and arrangement of parts to form a chain or loop
stitch worked with a waxed thread.
The arin or horn of a sewing machine is the bed which supports the work against
the thrust of the needle, and which contains the looper or thread passage. My
further improvements consist in so constructing and arranging this arm or horn as
to give more facility for sewing soles of boots or shoes, more especially round the
toe of a boot or shoe or other material with or without changing the position of
needle or the arm, and it also consists of the arrangement in combination for work-
ing the saine, and the general construction of the machine.
A cam is attached to the main shaft of the sewing machine which works in con-
nection with a pin and lever; this pin and lever is for the purpose of moving a
rack and wheel work which is attached to the looper or thread conductor.
At the present time the toe is rivetted, but by my further improvements I can
sew around the toe, and in thin boots it is preferred tos cw around the toe instead of
being rivetted.
The accompanying Drawings shew the parts generally composing the machine,
the same letters and figures of reference referring to like parts throughout.
Figure 1 is a side elevation of the machine.
Figure 2 is a front elevation shewing my improvements.
Figure 3 is a plan view of the gearing for actuating the looper, also shewing the
looper or thread conductor attaclied.
Referring to Figure 1, A is the main shaft running in suitable bearings at 5, 5,
and may be driven by any convenient method. To the main shaft A is attached
the disc B, one face of the disc which is of suitable form to work or propel the plate
K by means of a roller and pin L attached thereto. The plate K is attached by a
pin K through a slot to the bar H. which carries the foot I and communicates
thereto the requisite motion for moving or propelling the boot or shoe or material
being sewn the required length for the stitch, which length can be adjusted by the
two check nuts M, M. The return motion of the plate K, and thereby of the bar H
with the foot I, is effected by the spring L. The pressure foot I can be adjusted for
different thicknesses of material by means of the screw i; pressure is given by the
spring, shewn in Fig. 2. To the other face of the disc B is attached a stud with
roller working in a slotted cam E to give motion to the needle bar G which gives a
rest to the needle. There is a slot in the disc B, and the stud and roller that works
in the slotted cam E is adjusted for sewing different thicknesses of material by
varying the distance from the centre of the disc B; the stud is fixed with a nut.
The cam E, which has a projecting piece, is attached to the needle bar G with a
screw e, by the rotation of the disc Band pin and roller which is attached to disc
B working in the slotted cam E, after the manner of a crank motion; the piece E
and needle bar G is caused to vibrate in the bearings 3, 3, framed in the headstock
of the machine, thereby giving the requisite throw to the needle for effecting the
formation of the stitch; in combination with the looper J is a lever for lifting the
bar H, and with it the pressure foot I so as to permit the boot or material to be
sewn to be placed underneath it; j is a lever working in connection with the needle
bar G; g is a roller and pin attached to the top end of the needle bar G; is a

page_text: projecting piece or rest in form of a V or segment of a circle which is fixed under
the lever J.
When the lever bar G is down as shewn in Figure 1 the roller comes in contact
with the lever which causes the bar H and the foot I to lift, and at that time the
foot I is moved back to its starting point by the plate K, the return motion of
which is effected by the elastic force of the spring 7; F is a cast-off for protecting
the last preceding loop of the sewing thread from being caught in the hook. The
lower end F is made taper, with a hole or slot in it for the needle and hook to pass
through, and for the purpose just before mentioned is made to vibrate up and down
by means of the projecting piece C and the adjustable washer f, which is attached
to the cast-off for the purpose of giving a rest as may be required. When the
needle bar G ascends, and the projecting piece C comes in contact with the washer
above the projecting piece C, by which the cast-off is forced down, a spring is
placed under the projecting piece C resting upon the pin of the cast-off in order to
enable it to yield so as to accomodate different thicknesses of material when being
Qis a screw with leather or suitable material in the screw hole in order,
when tightening the screw, to cause friction in the cast-off F to cause the cast-off to
rest to cuable the looper thread to be released from the hook.
sewn.
The different bearings are shown by numbers, thus:-The bearings for the presser
slide bar H, No. 1; the bearings of cast-off, No. 2; the bearings for needle bar G,
No. 3; the bearings for the main shaft A, 5, 5; and the bearings for looper spindlo
R, 7, 7.
The arm or horn O is provided with a hollow steel nose at the top end and
tempered sufficiently to resist the needle cutting.
The looper spindle R (Figure 2) is actuated in the following manner:-On the
shaft A (Figure 1) is a cam b, which gives motion to the lever B¹ pivotted at b*,
the lever being in contre of the column A². To the other end of this lever is
attached the end of the rock bar c; this bar gears into the pinion d, as shewn in
Fig. 3; this pinion is attached to or in one with the spur tooth wheel d', and both
the pinion and the wheel run loose on a spindle T¹. The spur tooth wheel
gears into another spur tooth wheel d² of similar size, and this latter wheel works
on the stud d', fixed in a frame piece T. The motion is then communicated from
the spur tooth wheel de to the bevel tooth wheel and through the latter, which is
fixed to the hollow looper spindle R, and gives the same a part rotary action to the
extent of about three-quarters of a revolution. This part rotary action of the
hollow looper spindle R carries the wax thread to the hooked end of the needle for
the purpose of placing the thread in the barb or hook of the needle in such a position
that the needle in its upward motion forms the stitch. The hollow looper spindle
R has in its upper end two holes R¹ and R³, Figs. 1 and 2, in its side; the thread
passes through the lower hole R¹ from inside the looper spindle tube to the outside
of the same, and then returns back again into the tube through the upper and
smaller hole R2, and thence out at the horn or arm O, as shewn.
The whole of the mechanism is attached to the frame piece T, the latter being
carried by the spindle T', supported in the column A³. This arrangement of
gearing allows the framing piece T to rotate or partly rotate according to the work
being done about the centre of the column A³ and on the framing piece T which
carries at its extremity the arm or horn O and looper spindle R, the boot resting
on the arm or horn O; any portion of the boot or other material can be brought at
pleasure under the needle.
There is a set screw A* for the purpose of fixing the arm or horn O, as may be
necessary. There is a wax pot W supported beneath the extremity of the frame
piece T, through which the thread is passed and saturated with wax, which is kept
the right degree of solubility by the heat from the flame of the burner P. There is
also in addition another burner P₁, the heat from the flame of which sustains the
extremity of the framing piece T and also the arm or horn O at sufficient tempera-
ture to prevent the wax thread from cooling in its passage from the pot W to the

page_text: boot or article being sewn. The heat may be supplied either by means of gas or
other convenient manner.
The requisite tension and quantity of wax to be taken up by the thread is
regulated in the following manner:-The thread is in the first place passed between
two adjustable washers provided with spring and set screw u which regulate the
tension; it then passes under the guide v, placed within and near the bottom of the
wax pot W, and it is then drawn between the plate P and india-rubber P¹, and has
the superfluous wax squeezed off it before proceeding through the centre of the
looper to the boot or material to be sewn.
Having thus described the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner
the same is or may be performed and carried into effect, I would observe in conclusion
that I do not confine myself exclusively to the sewing round the toe of boots and
shoes, as my improvements are equally applicable to other kinds of work, and I
wish it to be understood that I do not claim any part separately and apart from
the other, but what I claim as new and desire to be secured to me by the heroin-
before in part recited Letters Patent is, the general arrangement and combination of
mechanism for giving facility for sewing the soles of boots and shoes, more especially
round the toe of boots and shoes or other material by means of the improved looper
or thread conductor in combination with the arm or bed which supports the work
against the thrust of the needle, and the arrangement or combination of mechanisın
particularly shewn in Figs. 2 & 3 for working the same, substantially as herein-
before described and shewn on the Drawings, or any mere modification thereof.
In witness whereof, I, the said William Jackson, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Seventh day of September, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and seventy-seven.