IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ROTARY BRUSHING AND RUBBING
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Turner, of the Town and County of
Southampton, Civil Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR ROTARY BRUSHING AND RUBBING."
Sealed the 18th September 1866, and dated the 2nd April 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Turner at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 2nd
April 1866.
I, CHARLES TURNER, of the Town and County of Southampton, Civil
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ROTARY BRUSHING AND RUBBING," to be as follows:-
My improvements in apparatus for brushing and rubbing the hair and skin
of man and animals relate, first, to that represented at Figs. 1 and 2 of the
annexed Drawings. a represents the rotary brush or rubber mounted on an
axis on which it rotates by reason of the frictional contact of the grooved
pulley b, with which it is held in contact by springs or otherwise, said grooved.

page_text: pulley being driven by an endless band c; d, d, are two stems or rods which
connect the bosses or bearings of the brush and pulley axes, but can be
adjusted by binding screws e, e, according to the size of the brush or rubber;
ff, are two handles by which the apparatus is held in the hands of the
operator. Fig. 3 represents a modification of Figs. 1 and 2, in which the
handles and connecting parts of the axes are in the form of pairs of cranked
levers jointed at g, by the action of which the brush or rubber a can be
released, and changed as in the first apparatus, but the diameters must remain
'the same.
b is the grooved pulley, and c the endless band as before.
The second part of my Invention relates to the apparatus whereby the
rotary motion is communicated to the brushes or rubbers; this may either be
through the frictional contact pulley in the apparatus and endless band, as
above, or the endless band may pass over a grooved pulley on the axis of the
brush or rubber. According to ono arrangement I employ a balance lever
carrying at one extremity a grooved pulley, over which, the endless band for
driving the brush passes; it also passes over a double-grooved pulley (it may
pass twice round) mounted on the shaft or fulcrum on which the lover
turns, said double-grooved pulley being driven by another band by steam or
other power. The band driving the rotating brush also passes over a pulley
mounted on a fixed fulcrum, towards and from which the pulley on the lever
oscillates; from this fixed pulley the driving band depends in a double or
loop to the pulley on the brush axis according to the tension on the driving
band, and as the rotary brush may be raised or lowered in its application. the
counterbalance weighted arm moves towards and from the fixed pulley above
mentioned, and so maintains a nearly uniform tension of the band, at same
time permitting a rise or fall of the brusb of, say, four or five feet. When
this apparatus is applied to the grooming of animals I pass the strap that
drives the rotating brush over two additional guide grooved pullies disposed
below the lever, so as to keep the strap away from the animal while it is being
brushed underneath. I also provide means for traversing the whole apparatus
along so as to reach either end of the animal to obviate its moving; the
rotary brush for animals will also be provided with a long handle, so that it
may be held and applied in an overbanging position, while that for human
hair will be applied much in the ordinary manner. I provide and dispose a
pair of hooks in a position pendant from the balance lever fulcrum on which
to rest and lay the brush and axis when not held in the hands for use.
Instead of communicating motion to the brushes by the arrangement of
balance lever apparatus as described I sometimes use a long endless band, the
double or loop at one extremity depending from over two guide pullies down

page_text: under the brush pulley, while in the opposite double, which is conducted over
pullies at a suitable distance, is suspended a weighted pulley which maintains
a uniform tension of the band, at same time allowing the brush pulley to be
raised or lowered as desired. Instead of a weight for maintaining the tension
of the band a spring may be substituted. One or more of the conducting pullies
is driven by any suitable power, and motion so communicated to the endless
band, and if only to communicate to one pulley, the endless band should pass
twice round such pulley to afford the necessary grip.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Charles Turner in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
2nd October 1866.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, CHARLES
TURNER, of the Town and County of Southampton, Civil Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Second day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six, in the twenty-ninth year of
Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto
me, the said Charles Turner, Her special licence that I, the said Charles
Turner, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the
said Charles Turner, ny executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR ROTARY BRUSHING AND RUBBING," upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Charles Turner, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be
performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Charles Turner, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following

page_text: statement, reference being had to the Sheet of Drawings hereunto annexed,
and to the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
This Invention relates to improvements in apparatus for communicating
motion to rotary brushes and rubbers for operating on human hair and skin,
also to improvements in the application of rotary brushes for grooming or
brushing horses and other animals.
It consists, first, in the application of a balance lever carrying at one ex-
tremity grooved pulleys, over which the endless band for driving the brush
passes; it also passes over a doubled grooved pulley (it may pass twice round
it) mounted on the shaft or fulcrum on which the lever turns, said pulleys being
driven by another band by steam or other power. The band driving the
rotating brush also passes over a pulley mounted on a fixed fulcrum, towards
and from which the pulley on the lever oscillates; from this fixed pulley the
driving band depends in a double or loop to the pulley on the brush axis, from
which the pulley on the lever oscillates according to the tension on the driving
band, and as the rotary brush may be raised or lowered in its application the
counterbalance weighted arm moves towards and from the fixed pulley above
mentioned, and so maintains a nearly uniform tension of the band, at same
time permitting a rise or fall of the brush of, say, four or five feet. When
this apparatus is applied to the grooming of animals, if necessary, I pass the
strap that drives the rotating brush over two additional grooved guide pulleys
disposed below the lever, so as to keep the strap away from the animal while
it is being brushed underneath. I may also provide means for traversing the
whole apparatus along so as to reach either end of the animal, and at same
time to obviate its moving. The rotary brush for brushing animals may
further be provided with and fitted to the end of a long handle, so that it may
be held and applied in an overhanging position. For brushing human hair I
apply the brush much in the ordinary manner. I provide and dispose a pair
of hooks pendant from the balance lever fulcrum on which to rest and lay the
brush and axis when not held in the hands for use. Instead of communicating
motion to the brushes by the arrangement of balance lever apparatus, as
described, I can also use a long endless band, the double or loop at one
extremity depending from and over two guide pulleys passing under the brush
pulley, while from the opposite double (which is conducted over pulleys at a
suitable distance) is suspended a weighted pulley which maintains the uniform
tension of the band required, at the same time allowing the brush pulley to
be raised or lowered as desired. Instead of a weight to maintain the tension
of the band a spring may be substituted. One or more of the conducting
pulleys is driven by any suitable power, and motion so communicated to the

page_text: endless band, and if only to communicate to one pulley the endless band
should pass twice round such pulley to afford the necessary grip.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 represents a side elevation, and Figure 2 a transverse view of
apparatus according to my Invention for communicating motion to brushes
and rubbers for brushing hair and skin, and which may be applied for that
purpose either to men or animals.
A, A, is the bracket or frame fixed to a ceiling B, or other suitable support,
and in an elevated position over the spot at which the brush or rubber is
desired to be used. At the point B is disposed and fixed a fulcrum or axis,
on which is mounted a double grooved pulley C, which rotates freely thereon;
on said axis B' is also mounted a double-armed lever D, E; the arm D carrying
on an axis at its extremity a grooved pulley F, while on the other arm Ea
weight G is fixed, which by reason of its gravity always tends to remain in
the position shown in the Drawing, but departs therefrom when its gravity is
overcome by the tension of the band II, and inclines to the dotted position
under that influence; I is a band pulley mounted on a fulcrum fixed in
bracket A. The band II by which the brush or rubber is actuated is an end-
less band of any ordinary character, such as gut, leather, or other material. It
is led about once and a quarter round the pulley C; therefore to the extent
of about a quarter of the circumference there are two parts of the band in
contact with the pulley C, as will be apparent and as indicated by the direction
of the arrows. The pulley C is driven by an endless band a from any suitable
source of power, the band a passing round the second groove b in the pulley C.
The position shown in line indicates the position occupied by the parts when
not in use for brushing; the brush X and its spindle resting in a pair of hooks
d, d, depending from the bracket A, the band II hanging in a loose loop or
double. In use the pulley of the brush spindle is disposed in the bight or
double of II, and pressure exerted by the hands to create tension on the band,
which thereby, and according to the pressure exerted, affects the position of
pulley F and levers D and E, causing them to approach more or less to the
dotted positions, at same time communicating motion to the brush pulley and
brusb, and allowing a considerable extent of vertical and horizontal movement
thereof, as required in the operation of brushing hair as well understood; this
means of driving admits of all the varieties of position of the brush required,
at same time keeping the necessary and nearly equal tension on the band II
required for actuating the brush; thus the motion is first transmitted by the
band a to pulley C by its groove b, and from pulley C by its broad groove to

page_text: band H, and so to the rotatory brush, as described. A rotary rubbing surface
may be substituted for the brush, and the rubbing operation conducted in
the same manner.
Figure 3 represents a side elevation, and Figure 4 a partial transverse view
of another arrangement of apparatus according to my Invention for actuating
rotary brushes and rubbers for like purposes. In this case the tension on the
brush driving endless band is always alike. The apparatus consists simply of a
bracket L supporting two pullies M and N on fixed fulera, the one M being
a double grooved pulley as before. Over the groove 6 the band a communi-
cating motion from any suitable power passes, and over the other the endless.
brush-driving band H; it receives motion in passing over M, and the double
passes round the brush pulley P; band H in this case is conducted over two
fixed guide pullies R, S, from whence it descends in a double round a
pulley T, from which a weight V depends; this weight always keeps an equal
tension on band II, which is at same time free to rise and fall as represented
in the dotted positions, allowing of the necessary movements and manipulation
of the brush or rubber. The form of the hooks W supporting the brush axis,
when out of use, in this arrangement is such as to resist the pull upward of
the band H, as seen, or a rest may be provided for the weight V when in its
lowest position. In Figure 3 the bands are represented as being carried
through a wall and out of the operating room, but this may or may not be the
case as desired.
Further improvements in apparatus for brushing and rubbing the hair and
skin relate to that part in which the brushes and rubbers are mounted, and
by which they are held in the hands of the operator, and to the means of
communicating motion thereto. Figure 5 represents a side view, and Figure
6 a view transversely to Figure 5 of this hand apparatus; e represents the
rotary brush or rubber mounted on an axis, on which it rotates by reason of
the frictional contact of the grooved pulley f, with the edges of which it is held
in contact by springs or otherwise, said grooved pulley being driven by an
endless band g, as before described; h, h, are two stems or rods which connect
the bosses or bearings of the rubber and pulley axes; they slide in said bosses,
but can be adjusted and fixed to the axis of the pulley by binding screws k, k,
according to the size of the brush or rubber; i, i, are two handles fixed to
stems h, by which the apparatus is held in the hands of the operator; 4, 4, are
two endless belts of india-rubber forming springs and drawing the rubber and
pulley together.
Figures 7 and 8 represent side and edge views showing a modification of
apparatus, Figures 5 and 6, in which the handles and connecting parts of the

page_text: rubber and pulley axes are in the form of pairs of crossed cranked levers p, p,
9, 9, jointed together at 1, 1, by the action of which levers the brush or rubber a
can be released and changed as in the first apparatus ; but in this case the
diameters must remain the same; m is the grooved pulley, and n the endless
band as before. The ends of the cranked levers are furnished with sockets,
which receive the ends of the pulley and rubber axes, the sockets being fixed
on the pulley axis but free to slip on and off the axis of the rubber, whereby
the rubbers can be readily changed. For imparting motion by frictional con-
tact from the pulley to the rubber, I provide the one or the other with india-
rubber rings a, a, stretched thereon bearing in grooves, or on a plain part of
the periphery of the other, as seen in Figures 7 and 8. In these Figures I
have represented rubbers only, but brushes may be substituted and used in
like manner.
Figures 9 and 10 represent elevations taken at right angles to each other
of a portable apparatus on the principle of the apparatus herein-above
described with reference to Figures 2 and 3; r is a standard supported in.
position by a sliding cramps, fixing it to a tablet or other fixture; on standard
r is mounted a curved bracket u, which may be slid up and down on r and
adjusted to the required height, where it is fixed by binding screw r1; the
same binding screw may adjust and fix the height of arm v.
Bracket sup-
ports two axes w, y; the one w supports a mere turning pulley, while the
other y is the shaft of a hand driving wheel by which motion is given to
the endless band j, by which the brush (not shown) is driven; it may either be
carried direct thereto in which case it would be necessary to exert the tension
in a horizontal direction, or it may be conducted over turning pulleys some-
what as before. The tension of the band j in this arrangement is maintained
by means of a weight o, but which is transmitted through what may be termed
double and single sheave blocks 1 and 2, the endless band j encircling the
sheaves in its course, as seen in the Drawing; this arrangement necessitates
little rise and fall of the weight o, while at same time providing for con-
siderable extension and contraction in the limits or reach of the endless
band j, as and for the purposes before described. The one sheave block 1 is
fixed to bracket v, while the other 2 with the weight a attached hangs in the
double of the band j encircling its sheaves.
Having described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of performing
the same, I declare that what I claim as my Invention to be protected by the
herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,―
First, the application and arrangement of the driving bands of brushes and
rubbers in combination with pullies and counterbalance levers, in the manner

page_text: and for the purposes herein-before described and illustrated in the Drawings
annexed.
Secondly, I claim the application and arrangement of the driving bands of
brushes and rubbers in combination with pulleys and counterbalance weight,
depending directly on the driving band, as and for the purposes herein-
before described, and represented in Figures 3, 4, 9, and 10 of the Drawings
annexed.
Thirdly, I claim the arrangement and combination of parts constituting
the hand hold apparatus for manipulating and communicating motion to
brushes and rubbers, all as herein-before described with reference to Figures
5, 6, 7, and 8 of the Drawings annexed.
In witness whereof, I, the said Charles Turner, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this First day of October, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the
within-named Charles Turner in
the presence of
CECILIA TURNER,
CHARLES TURNER. (L.8.)
Polygon,
Southampton.