IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TERNE PLATES
Year: 1860

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Palmer Budd, of the Ystalyfera Iron Works,
Swansea, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF
TERNE PLATES."
Sealed the 28th December 1860, and dated the 17th October 1860.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Palmer Budd
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th October 1860.
I, JAMES PALMER BUDD, of the Ystalyfera Iron Works, Swansea, do hereby
declare the nature of the Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF TERNE PLATES," to be as follows:-
This Invention bas for its object improvements in the manufacture of terne
plates. Heretofore, various, arrangements of apparatus have been used for
simultaneously raising the several plates in a pot from the melted metal
therein, but when so doing the plates are very liable to be injured by the
grease or oil and scum floating on the surface of the melted metal; now, my
improvements consist in skimming or running the oil or grease and scum off
the melted metal into pockets or receivers at the sides of the pots or vessels
used, the upper edges of the pockets or receivers being at or near the surface
of the metal, so that when the oil or grease and scum. have been removed from

page_text: off the metal they cannot return or flow back over the melted metal. It is
preferred that the oil or grease and scum should be skimmed off into the
pockets or receivers, but they may be allowed to flow off from the surface of
the metal into the pockets or receivers at the sides of the vessel.
:
.'
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Palmer Budd in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
17th April 1861.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JAMES
PALMER BUDD, of the Ystalyfera Iron Works, Swansea, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Seventeenth day of October, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty, in the twenty-fourth year of Her reign,
did, for Herself, Her heirs. and successors, give and grant unto me, the said
James Palmer Budd, Her special licence that I, the said James Palmer
Budd, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said
James Palmer Budd, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at
any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times
thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IM-
PROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF TERNE PLATES," upon the condition
(amongst others) that I, the said James. Palmer Budd, my, executors or admi-
nistrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of their
hands and seals, should particularly. describe and ascertain the nature of
: the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed,
and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said James Palmer Budd, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed; to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:-
...
This Invention has for its object improvements in the manufacture of terne
plates. Heretofore, various arrangements. of apparatus have been used for
:simultaneously raising the several plates in a pot from the melted metal
therein, but when so doing the plates are very liable to be injured by the

page_text: grease
:
or oil and scum floating on the surface of the melted metal; now, my
improvements consist in skimming or running the oil or grease and scum off
the melted metal into pockets or receivers at the sides of the pots or vessels
used, the upper edges of the pockets or receivers being at or near the surface
of the metals so that when the oil or grease and scum have been removed from
off the metal they cannot return or flow back over the melted metal. It is
preferred that the oil or grease and scum should be skimmed off into the
pockets or receivers; but they may be allowed to, flow off from the surface of
the metal into the pockets or receivers at the sides of the vessel. The mode
of working is as follows:-When the proper quantity of plates is immersed
under the surface of the molten metal in the wash pot, any oil or scum that
has adhered to the plates or apparatus will rise to the surface, and when no
more oil bubbles or scum continues to rise the surface should be quickly and
carefully removed with a rabble or other suitable instrument into the pockets
or receivers. The division between the pockets or receivers and the wash pot
being nearly on a level with the surface of the metal, the metal can be expe-
ditiously flushed over into the pockets with the rabble, and cannot flow back.
The metal and oil so flushed or removed into the pockets or receivers can be
returned into the pot, as required, by means of a suitable ladle. By thus per-
forming the skimming operation quickly all the plates can be at once lifted
out of the wash pot before a fresh surface of oxide has had time to form, and
the plates will be of a bright and clear color, whereas without the use of such
pockets or receivers a fresh oxidation of the surface of the melted metal takes
place, and the plates when raised are dull and "scruffy." Instead of employ-
ing a suitable instrument to remove the oil and scum from the surface of the
melted metal in the wash pot into the pockets, a moveable dam or ledge of
suitable dimensions may be employed, which being moved away will allow the
metal at the surface of the wash pot to flow away or discharge itself into the
pockets or receivers when the lifting apparatus holding the plates should be at
once raised before a fresh surface of oxidation has had time to form; I prefer
that the wash pot and pockets or receivers should be formed of one piece of
iron casting, as it is difficult to make the joints tight if the pockets be formed
in the masonry in which the wash pot is set.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING.
Figure 1 is a section; and Figure 2, a plan of a cast-iron wash pot A, with
two pockets or receivers B, B, one placed in front and one behind the wash
pot, but one only may be employed, in which case I prefer that it should be
the pocket or receiver in front of the wash pot A. Pockets or receivers B

page_text: might also be placed at the sides of the wash pot, but would not be so
convenient..
Having thus described the nature of my Invention, and the manner of per-
forming the same, I would state that the peculiarity of the Invention consists
in the use of wash pots with pockets or receivers in combination with appa-
ratus for simultaneously raising a number of terne plates at the same time
from the wash pots, as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said James Palmer Budd, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-one.
J. PALMER BUDD. (L.S.)