CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN WHEELS AND LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES TO BE USED ON RAILWAYS
Year: 1840

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
DANIEL GOOCH, of Paddington Green, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her present most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria,
by Her Royal Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain,
bearing date at Westminster, the Twenty-eighth day of May, in the third
year of Her reign, did, for Ferself, Her heirs and successors, give and
grant unto me, the said Daniel Gooch, Her especial license, full power,
sole privilege and authority, that I, the said Daniel Gooch, my execu-
tors, administrators, and assigns, and such others as I, the said Daniel
Gooch, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times during the
term of years therein mentioned, should and lawfully might make, use,
exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of Berwick
upon Tweed, my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN WHEELS AND
LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES TO BE USED ON RAILWAYS;" in which said Letters
Patent is contained a proviso obliging me, the said Daniel Gooch, by
an instrument in writing under my hand and seal, particularly to
describe and ascertain the nature of my said Invention, and in what

page_text: manner the same is to be performed, and to cause the same to be
inrolled in Her Majesty's High Court of Chancery within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said in part recited
Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being thereunto had,
will more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso I, the
said Daniel Gooch, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Inven-
tion, and the manner in which the same is to be performed, is par-
ticularly described and ascertained in and by the following description
thereof, reference being had to the Drawing hereunto annexed, and to
the letters and figures marked thereon (that is to say):-
My improvements in wheels and locomotive engines to be used on
railways consist in forming the outer or working surface of the tire of
engine and carriage wheels of steel, which may be made of any required
degree of hardness. The application of steeled tires to wheels used on
railways has hitherto been prevented by the difficulty of forging and
fixing them. The method I employ is illustrated by various sectional
views in the Drawings accompanying my Specification. Fig. 1 repre-
sents a faggot of wrought iron bars; these are hammered or rolled into
a solid piece or bar, and afterwards drawn in the rolls or under the
hanimmer on an anvil having a groove to form the flanche, represented
in Fig. 2; an indentation is then made longitudinally in the bar by a
swage under the hanımer, in order to prepare the bar for welding with
the steel; the indentation thus formed is shewn in section, Fig. 3. Fig. 4
is the section of a faggot of steel bars piled so that when hammered
into the wedge form, Fig. 5, their edges form the broad surface of the
solid steel bar across the grain of the metal. The direction of the grain
of the metal is shewn in the different views by fine lines across the
Figures, and the steel is shewn by a coloring of light blue. The two
bars are afterwards heated to a welding heat, and laid together in the
position shown in section, Fig. 6; "a" denoting the iron, and "the
steel bar. They are then welded together by the action of hammers or
rollers, and afterwards drawn into the form represented in Fig. 7, either
with a hammer or a grooved anvil or by rollers. The compound bar is
then made into a hoop of the size required, (a, Fig. 7.) forming the inner,

page_text: and (b) the outer surface of the tire. The hoop is afterwards bored out
and turned to the proper guages, and holes drilled for rivetting it to the
wheel. The wheel, when prepared in the usual manner by turning the
rim, is laid flat on a true face plate, Fig. 8, and the tire, having been
very regularly heated red hot, is put round it; the whole is then plunged
into cold water or other frigerific mixture, to contract the tire on the
wheel and harden the steel. Holes are afterwards drilled through the
rim, corresponding with the holes previously made in the tire, and the
parts are rivetted together, or the rivets may, with advantage, be left
out and the tire put on as shewn in Fig. 9. But I do not mean to
confine myself to these two methods of fixing the tire, if I should here-
after find it advantageous to employ other methods. Steel of any kind
or quality may be used in forming the tire, but I prefer the best blister,
rolled, shear, or cast steel. I also propose to use iron, unconverted, in
forming the outer tire, as before described, (with its surface across the
grain of the metal), and to convert it wholly or partially into steel when
in the form of a tire by the usual process of making steel, sufficient
thickness and width being left previous to converting, so as to allow of
its afterwards being well hammered.
Many important advantages will arise from the use of steeled tires
on railway wheels. Besides the economy immediately resulting from
their greater durability, a vast reduction will be effected in the wear
and tear of the engines, the carriages, and the rails, while a corre-
sponding improvement will arise in the comfort and safety of travelling.
The intense friction to which the wheel is subjected occasions a rapid
wear of the iron tire, productive of most injurious consequences. An
indentation is soon formed by the rail on the tire, which disturbs the
action of the wheel and destroys smoothness of motion. The same
cause deranges the action of the engine itself. Every revolution of
the locomotive wheel brings an irregular strain on all the parts, which
Great
materially increases the wear and tear to which they are liable.
damage is also done to the railway, on which the wheels at every
It has been found
revolution act like so many ponderous hammers.
advantageous to make the working surface of the wheels conical,
diminishing from the flanch, but the conical surface of the iron tire

page_text: is soon worn down, and the wheel made conical the reverse way,
causing a serious loss of tractive power and increase of friction on all
the parts affected. By the use of steeled tires these evils are avoided,
the extreme hardness of the surface enabling them to endure, without
injury, the action of the rails for a considerable length of time.
Though in the foregoing description reference has been made to
various processes already known and in use, it is not my intention to
include such processes in my present claim, except in connexion with
their new application. I claim, first, the modes I have described of
forming and hardening steeled tires of wheels to be used on railways;
and secondly, the use of steel in the tires of engine and carriage wheels
for railways.
In witness whereof, I, the said Daniel Gooch, have hereunto set
my
hand and seal, this Twentieth day of November, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty
is soon worn down, and the wheel made conical the reverse way,
causing a serious loss of tractive power and increase of friction on all
the parts affected. By the use of steeled tires these evils are avoided,
the extreme hardness of the surface enabling them to endure, without
injury, the action of the rails for a considerable length of time.
Though in the foregoing description reference has been made to
various processes already known and in use, it is not my intention to
include such processes in my present claim, except in connexion with
their new application. I claim, first, the modes I have described of
forming and hardening steeled tires of wheels to be used on railways;
and secondly, the use of steel in the tires of engine and carriage wheels
for railways.
In witness whereof, I, the said Daniel Gooch, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twentieth day of November, in the
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and forty
year
(L.S.) DAN. GOOCH.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Twentieth day of
November, in the fourth year of the reign of Her Majesty Queen
Victoria, the said Daniel Gooch came before our said Lady the Queen
in Her Chancery, and acknowledged the instrument aforesaid, and all
and every thing therein contained and specified, in form above written.
And also the instrument aforesaid was stamped according to the
tenor of the Statute made in the fifty-fifth year of the reign of His
late Majesty King George the Third.

page_text: DISCLAIMER AND MEMORANDUM OF ALTERATION proposed
to be entered by Daniel Gooch with the Clerk of the Patents in
England, pursuant to an Act passed in the fifth and sixth year of
the reign of His late Majesty King William the Fourth, entitled
"An Act to amend the Law touching Letters Patent for
Inventions."
I, the said DANIEL GOOCH, do hereby disclaim part of the title of my
said Patent, by omitting from the same the words "and Locomotive
Engines;" and the reason for my so doing is, that I am advised, and
believe, that the title so given in the said Lefters Patent, and recited
in the said Specification, is too extensive for the Invention which is set
forth in the Specification, in consequence of that part of the title which
is contained in the words "and Locomotive Engines" having no new
Invention described thereto; and the words of the title, "Certain Im-
provements in Wheels to be used on Railways," which will then remain,
will properly express the object of my Invention, as explained in the
said Specification, which has been inrolled.
In witness whereof, I, the said Daniel Gooch, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Fifth day of September, One thou-
sand eight hundred and forty-two.
DAN¹ GOOCH. (L.S.)

page_text: To the Clerk of the Patents of England.
This is to certify that the above-named Daniel Gooch has applied to
me for leave to enter with you the above written Disclaimer of part of
the title of a certain Invention for which Letters Patent were duly
granted to him under the Great Seal of Great Britain, and dated at
Westminster, the Twenty-eighth day of May, One thousand eight
hundred and forty; and having considered the said application, and
no objection having been made to the same, I have accordingly granted
leave to the said Daniel Gooch to file his said Disclaimer, pursuant to
the Statute passed in the fifth and sixth years of the reign of His late
Majesty King William the Fourth, entitled "An Act to amend the
Law touching Letters Patent for Inventions."
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the Fifth day of Septeniber,
in the sixth year of the reign of Her Majesty Queen Victoria, the
said Daniel Gooch came before our said Lady the Queen in Her Chan-
cery, and acknowledged the instrument aforesaid, and all and every
thing therein contained and specified, in form above written. And
also the instrument aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of
the Statute made in the fifty-fifth year of the reign of His late Majesty
King George the Third.
Inrolled the Ninth day of September. One thousand eight hun-

page_text: to be entered by Daniel Gooch with the Clerk of the Patents
of England, pursuant to an Act passed in the fifth and sixth
years of the reign of Ilis late Majesty King William the Fourth,
entitled "An Act to amend the Law touching Letters Patent
for Inventions."
I, the said DANIEL GOOCH, do hereby disclaim so much of the said
Specification as is contained in the following words, "and hardening,"
which are contained in the first claiming clause of the said Specification;
and my reason for doing so is, that I have lately discovered that the
mode described was not new at the date of my said Patent. And I also
disclaim so much of the said Specification as is contained in the follow-
ing words, and secondly, the use of steel in the tires of engine and
carriage wheels for railways;" and my reason for so doing is, that I have
lately discovered that it had been proposed to use steel on the tires of
engine and carriage wheels for railways before the date of my Patent.
And I do hereby alter my said Specification by striking out the words
"and locomotive engines" in the first paragraph of the description of
my Invention in the said Specification. And I do further alter my said

page_text: Specification by striking out the word "first" in the first claiming
clause of the said Specification.
In witness whereof, I, the said Daniel Gooch, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of November, One
thousand eight hundred and forty-four.
DAN GOOCH. (L.S.)
Signed, sealed, and delivered by the above-
named Daniel Gooch in the presence of
R. B. MARTINEAU,
Clerk to Mess™ Sharpe, Field, and Jackson.
Inrolled the Eleventh day of December, One thousand eight
hundred and forty-four.