IMPROVEMENTS IN COMPRESSION PUMPS FOR COMPRESSING AMMONIACAL GAS.
Year: 1882

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Charles Denton Abel of No 28 Southampton Buildings
Chancery Lane in the County of Middlesex for an Invention of IMPROVEMENTS
IN COMPRESSION PUMPS FOR COMPRESSING AMMONIACAL GAS. A communi-
cation from abroad by August Osenbrück of Hemelingen in the German
Empire
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Charles Denton Abel at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 27th February 1882.
CHARLES DENTON ABEL of No 28 Southampton Buildings Chancery Lane in
the County of Middlesex "IMPROVEMENTS IN COMPRESSION PUMPS FOR COM-
PRESSING AMMONIACAL GAS" [A communication from abroad by August
Osenbrück of Hemelingen in the Gorman Empire.]
This invention has mainly for its object to surround the whole of the working
parts of compressing pumps for ammoniacal gas with oil so that they may be
relieved as much as possible from wear and so that the stuffing-boxes and other
connections may be rendered effectually gas-tight, the oil in the crank chamber
being subject to the minimum pressure of the pump, while at the same time a
regulated quantity of oil is injected in front of the pump pistons at each stroke, in
order to do away with dead spaces, the supply of such oil being effected either
from the maximum or the minimum pressure side of the pump, in order to rectify
any alterations that may occur in the oil levels respectively in the oil reservoirs
on the maximum side and in the oil chamber on the minimum side owing to
leakage past the piston.
For these purposes the crank shaft is enclosed in a horizontal cylindrical
chamber which is formed in one with the pump barrel or barrels, and which also
has a closed cylindrical extension at top. This extension has a perforated division
plate at about the middle of its height, and the chamber and its extension are
filled with oil to about the height of such division plate. The crank shaft passes
through a long stuffing-box on the one end cover of the cylindrical chamber.
The delivery pipe of the pump leads into a closed oil reservoir, from the top of
which the delivery pipe for the ammonia that passes through the reservoir, is

page_text: continued; both the upper and lower delivery pipes are provided with shut-off
cocks, and the upper one has also a cock for the introduction of pure liquid
ammonia. A pipe leads from the bottom of the oil reservoir and another from the
lower part of the extension of the oil chamber and at their junction they are con-
nected by a three-way cock with a third pipe leading to orifices formed in the
pump-cylinders at such a point that they are just uncovered by the pump-pistons
when these arrive at the end of their outstroke. The three way cock being
ordinarily turned so as to effect the communication between these orifices and the
oil reservoir which is subjected to the maximum pressure, it follows that when the
pistons have completed their outstrokes a certain quantity of oil will be injected
into the pump cylinders from the reservoir, which oil will by the instrokes of the
pistons, be forced back into the reservoir again.
The pistons are made of considerable length in order both to enable them to
work without guides and to prevent leakage past them as much as possible. If,
however, in consequence of any such leakage, the oil level should sink in the oil
reservoir on the maximum side and consequently rise in the oil chamber on the
minimum side, this is rectified by turning the before-mentioned three way cock so
that the oil supply for the pump cylinders is taken from the extension of tho
latter instead of from the oil reservoir, into which this oil is then delivered by the
pumps.
The pistons are made in two parts bolted together, and the piston rods are
connected thereto by a ball and socket joint formed at the junction of the two
parts.
Any ammonia gas that may escape past the pistons will issue into the oil
chamber behind, and in rising up into the top part of the vertical extension, is led
thence through a pipe back to the suction pipe of the pump, so that no loss occurs
through such leakage. The said pipe also causes the oil in the oil-chamber and
extension to be always subject to the minimum pressure side of the pumps, namely
that of the suction-pipe. A second pipe may also lead from just below the perfo-
rated division of the extension to the suction-pipe, so that if oil lenks past the
piston as above described, thereby causing the oil-level in the extension to rise
beyond the required level, such excess of oil will of itself flow back from the
extension to the suction pipe again, and consequently be forced by the pumps back
into the oil reservoir. This arrangement would obviate the necessity of the before
described connection of the extension with the cylinders by the threeway cock,
which latter may in that case be replaced by an ordinary regulating cock or
valve.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said Charles Denton Abel in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
24th August 1882.
CHARLES DENTON ABEL of No 28 Southampton Buildings Chancery Lane in
the County of Middlesex. "IMPROVEMENTS IN COMPRESSION PUMPS FOR COM-
PRESSING AMMONIACAL GAS A communication from abroad by August Osenbrück
of Hemelingen in the German Empire
"
This invention has mainly for its object to surround the whole of the working
parts of compressing pumps for ammoniacal gas with oil so that they may be
relieved as much as possible from wear and so that the stuffing-boxes and other
connections may be rendered effectually gas-tight, the oil in the crank chamber being
subject to the minimum pressure of the pump, while at the same time a regulated
quantity of oil is injected in front of the pump pistons at each stroke, in order to
do away with dead spaces, the supply of such oil being effected either from the
maximum or the minimum pressure side of the pump, in order to rectify any
alterations that may occur in the oil levels respectively in the oil reservoir on the
maximum side and in the oil reservoir on the minimum side owing to leakage past
the piston.
The construction of the apparatus for these purposes will be readily understood
on reference to the accompanying drawings in which Fig 1 shows a longitudinal
section through the pump cylinder, Fig 2 a front view of the pump, Fig 3 a section
through the crankshaft chamber, Fig 4 the pipe connection for the suction pipe à d',
Figs 5 and 6 a longitudinal section and front view of the stuffing box for the
crank shaft to an enlarged scale. The crankshaft is enclosed in a chamber A
closed air tight by covers a and b, the latter being provided with the stuffing box F
through which the crank shaft passes. B and C Fig 2 shew the two pump
cylinders, D is a chamber separated by a finely perforated plate c from the
chamber A, and communicating with the suction pipes & d' of the pump. The
four parts A B C D are all cast in one piece. E is an oil reservoir to which is
connected the force pipe c of the pump, provided with a cock f for cutting off the
communication. The force pipe is continued at the dome of the oil reservoir, the
contents of which are consequently subjected to the maximum pressure of the
pump. The oil reservoir serves to inject oil behind the pump piston. The suction
pipes & d' are connected by a breeches pipe v Fig 4, and a cock w is provided for
cutting off the pump from the suction. The pump is supplied with liquid ammonia
through a small cock x. The pipe g leads from the bottom of the oil reservoir E to
a three-way cock Fig 1, which in one position communicates with the oil space
of the chamber D and with the pump cylinders B and C through the branches g,
these being in such a position that their openings are uncovered by the pistons
when near the end of their suction stroke, so that a certain quantity of oil can be
forced in. The pistons are made of sufficient length to enable them to work
without guides; they are divided longitudinally into two parts, the halves being
screwed together. The piston rods are connected thereto by ball and socket
joints.
The action of the pump is as follows:-The chamber A is filled with purified
oil to near the perforated partition c, which prevents the oil from splashing about
during the working of the pump. The oil reservoir E is filled about half full, and
the three-way cock his made to establish the communication between the reservoir E
and the pump cylinders B and C. At the completion of each suction stroke a
quantity of oil is injected into the cylinders through the pipe g and is forced by
the instroke of the pistons through the force valves back into the oil reservoir E,
being thus made to circulate continuously. Should gas or oil have leaked past the
pistons into the chamber A the gas will rise in the latter to the space D above the
perforated plate c and will pass through the pipe k into the suction pipe for the

page_text: gas, while the oil in passing into the chamber A will cause the oil level to rise into
the chamber D. When by this means the relative oil levels in the chamber A and
the oil reservoir E have become materially altered, the position of the three way
cock is changed so as to cause the oil supply for the pumps to be drawn from the
chamber A, thereby causing the oil level to sink in the latter and to rise in the
reservoir. When the proper relative levels have been established by this means,
the position of the three way cock is again changed. In order to prevent the
necessity of regulating the oil levels by this means, a pipe i Fig 1 may be provided
establishing a communication between A and the suction pipe of the pump such
that the latter communication is at a lower level than the former one. In this
case the excess of oil in A due to leakage will flow directly into the suction pipe
and being drawn into the pump cylinders, will be forced by the pistons back into
the reservoir E. The threeway cock h is in this case replaced by an ordinary cock
as the oil supply can then be always drawn from the reservoir. The pipe can
then also be dispensed with.
In order more effectually to prevent the leakage of oil through the stuffing box
of the pump cylinder there may be substituted for the arrangement shewn at
Fig 3 the one shewn at Figs 5 and 6. The neck F has inserted into its front end
an iron or steel gland G lined with composition and serving as bearing for the
shaft. In front of the gland G a spring wedge Z is fitted on the shaft and over
this is fitted a second stuffing box H, which fits with a coned end into a coned
recess in G, the two being ground together so as to form an oil tight joint. Radial
oil channels are formed in the meeting surfaces, but stopping short of the outer end
so as to leave the oil tight joint between them. In the interior of the stuffing
box H is a caoutchouc ring I which is compressed by the gland L forced in by the
screws & in the collar K, which at the same time keep the stuffing box H firmly
pressed against its seat in the gland G. The ring K is secured on the shaft by a
screw.
Having thus described the nature of this Invention and in what manner the
same is to be performed as communicated to me by my foreign correspondent, I
claim -
First. The herein described construction of pumps wherein the moving mechanism
is enclosed in an air tight chamber filled with oil.
Second. The connection of the upper part of the chamber D with the suction
pipe of the pump by a pipe so as to subject the crank shaft chamber to the
minimum pressure of the pump, substantially ns described.
Third. Connecting the oil reservoir E with the pump cylinders by the pipe g
and three way cock h. for effecting the regulated injection of oil into the cylinders
substantially as described.
Fourth. Connecting the oil chamber D with the pump cylinders by the pipe g
and threeway cock h for regulating the supply of oil to the cylinder and for
adjusting the respective oil levels in the reservoir E and chamber D, substantially
as herein described.
Fifth. The use of the pipe i for connecting the chamber D with the suction pipe
in order to convey any excess of oil in the chamber back into the reservoir E,
substantially as herein described.
In witness whereof I the Charles Denton Abel have hereunto set my hand
and seal this Twenty fourth day of August in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and eight tren