Improvements in Machinery for Preparing or Dressing Textile Fibres.
Year: 1887

page_text: Date of Application, 26th Aug., 1887
Specification Accepted, 20th Dec., 1887
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in Machinery for Preparing or Dressing Textile
Fibres.
I HUGO MARTINZ of Adersbach, Bohomia, Spinning Works Proprietor do hereby
declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
The object of this invention is to construct machinery for preparing and dressing
flax, hemp, jute, and other fibres, with less injury to the said fibres than hitherto,
and without the employment of sharp cutting instruments.
According to this invention the stalks or stricks of fibre are first subjected
successively to the action of bars which have a breaking and scraping action and
are constructed of suitable and varying gauge, form, and material between which the
stalks or stricks are broken, and prepared for the cleaning or scutching action of
rotary drums.
The stricks are by the aid of troughs and clips or books, carried through the
machine and after being subjected to the action of the successive instruments are
carried back to be turned, changed, or refilled, thereby avoiding stoppages from the
accumulation of clips or books of fibre at one end of the machine, and the conse-
quent entanglement and complication of the said fibres from this or other causes.
The interlocking scutching drums are driven by a skew or helical toothed
gearing so as to act with a positive smooth clearing motion upon the partially
prepared or broken fibres, without causing too great a disturbance of the said fibres.
And in order that this invention may be fully understood and readily carried
into effect I will describe the same with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The same letters of reference refer to like parts in the various figures.
Figure 1 shews in side elevation a machine for preparing or dressing textile
fibres, constructed according to this invention, Figure 2 is a back elevation that is
taken on the left hand side of Fig. 1. Figure 3 is a top plan of Fig. 1. Figure 4
is a partial front view of the same machine i.e. a view taken from the right hand
side of Fig. 1; Figure 5 is an enlarged sectional view through the breaking bars
and shewing various parts of the mechanism connected therewith. Figure 6 is a

page_text: side view shewing an arrangement of clip or book a cross section of which together
with its trough or carrier being shewn at Figure 5. Figure 7 shews in side elevation
an arrangement of mechanism for giving motion to the clips or books constructed
according to this invention, there is also shewn in the same figure my improved
spring or elastic book or clip. Figure 8 is a transverse vertical section of the spring or
elastic book together with the trough in which it is to be slid. Figure 9 is a
sectional view taken at right angles to the view at Figure 7 and shewing the arrange-
ment of cam arms, and levers by which the mechanism shewn at Figure 7 is operated.
The stalks to be operated upon (shewn at Figure 5 and marked S) are placed
or arranged in a clip or book K Figs. 5 and 6 and secured by screws or other-
wise. a, a are pins on which the said books rest and are guided in or on the
flanges of the troughs or carriers. In some cases I prefer to employ an improved
form or construction of book as is shewn at Figures 7 and 8 and especially in cases
where it is desired to lessen the injury to the fibres under treatment or on account
of their delicacy, or from other causes; in this latter form of book the upper pins a¹
are dispensed with, the two leaves being flanged at their upper edges and provided
with metal, india rubber, or other springs which take between said flanges and the
edges of the trough and arranged that each separate clip will yield to any jerk while
being operated upon; the book is shewn provided with further pins a for better
guidance.
The troughs or carriers A and B any number of which may be employed are held
in open guided loop frames d Figures 1, 2 and 4, supported and actuated by rod e,
levers and g with collar taking on to trunnion h receiving motion by connecting.
rod through spring k from the snail cam M by which the troughs A and B are
caused to suddenly descend on the entrance of the stricks between the bars or
breaking instruments, but during the action are slowly raised or lifted.
<
"
The snail" cam M. is revolved as best seen at Figure 4 by bands and wheel gear
from the spindle P. The spring may, by means of a nut or collar, be adjusted in
order to maintain the required position of the troughs A and B and for the protection
of the fibres from a too strong jerk of the operating instruments.
The breaking and scraping action to which the fibres are submitted and which
approximates to a heckling or separating action proceeds firstly from strong iron bars c
shewn on the right hand side of Figure 5 and also at Fig. 1 and subsequently from
wooden bars c¹ c.
The said bars are carried by rocking arms D and E, the rocking arm D on one
side of the stricks being moved rapidly backwards and forwards and thus in reality
doing the work of breaking, whilst the opposite rocking arm E is held to its work by
the cam F and spring G, and only so far comes within the sphere of the action as
the stricks or stalks are sunk within same. The cam F is so formed and operated
that the bowls on the arms E will fall at the proper time into a recess or indented
curvature of the cam F and thus allow the bars carried by the arms E to fall away
from the bars carried by the arms D that is out of the sphere of breaking and allow
of the free entrance of the stricks or stalks between the said bars.
The cam F
receives its motion by spur gearing from the shaft of the cam M.
The
Upon each elevation of the troughs A or B a new book or clip K or N is applied,
which when the troughs are in their upper position is seized by the hook H and forced so
far back that the whole number of the books carried in the troughs are moved a book
or clip's length backwards. The hooks H by the travelling pin and the cam shaped
bracket arm J are lifted up and by the lever arm L, the rod Z and the bell crank
lever Q are connected with the rod T, loaded with the weight R and operated by the
levers U and U¹ respectively, these latter being clearly shewn at Figure 9.
lever U is coupled by a rod V with the lever and both of the levers U and U
are provided with rollers which rest against and are acted upon by the cam W on the
same shaft as the cam M and the said cam W is so formed that upon a revolution in
the direction of the arrows Fig. 9 the weight R is lifted and the hook H pushed
forwards, but after the trough. A or B. is fully elevated the weight R sinks and the
clip is moved.

page_text: 2
After passing the breaking and breaking and scraping-bars c, c, c" the fibres or
stricks pass between two scutching drums Y Y Figures 1, 2 and 3 placed
mmediately behind the breaking apparatus; these scutching drums with their bars
revolve quickly in the direction of the arrows Figure 2. The drums Y Y' are driven
Motion is com-
by the skew or helical spur wheels y x² y Figures 2 and 3.
mmunicated to all the wheels from the driving shaft of the machine P.
application of the skew or helical spur wheels I obtain besides smoothness of motion
and simplicity, a positive and certain movement of the scutching drums by which
among other advantages any risk of concussion of the interlocking scutching bars is
avoided.
By the
The trough C serves for the transport or return of the empty books or clips, and
of those in which there is still an end of the strick or stalk to be subjected to further
operation such return being from the back of the scutching apparatus of the machine to
the front of same where the first heckler c is situated.
The transport power is obtained by a hook H' Figure 1 which is put in motion by
the lever L' the rod Z' and the lever L.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what I claim is :
1st. In a machine for submitting fibres or stalks successively to combined breaking
and scraping, and scutching or cleaning actions, the use and employment of the
breaking and scraping bars c, c¹, c² constructed and operating as herein described,
those on one side of the stricks being moved rapidly to and fro, whilst those on the
other side stand still, except at the entrance of the said stricks or stalks between
the said bars when the latter are brought out of the sphere of breaking; such
stalks being held between books or clips and operated on during slow upward
movement imparted thereto all substantially as set forth.
2nd. The books or clips constructed as herein shewn and described and by
which the stricks or stalks are also held elastically when under the action of the
breaking or other processes so that they may yield to the jerk arising from such
action substantially as set forth.
3rd. In machinery for preparing or dressing textile fibres, the combination of
mechanism for imparting an intermittent travelling motion to the books or clips
which hold the stricks or stalks essentially consisting of the hooks H in connection
with the arm J and the lever L all substantially as herein shewn and described with
reference to the accompanying drawings.
4th. In machinery for preparing or dressing textile fibres, driving the scutching or
clearing drums by skew or helical toothed gearing, whereby a smooth positive and
certain action is ensured substantially as shewn and described with reference to the
accompanying drawings.
5th. In machinery for preparing or dressing textile fibres; the general arrange-
ment, construction and combination of parts composing such machine either in single
or double form all substantially as described and shewn with reference to the
or modifications
accompanying drawings together with any mere modification
thereof.