CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING
Year: 1870

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Pilkington Young, of the Firm of
Thomas Pilkington and Son, of Bury, in the County of Lancaster,
Manufacturer, and James Thomasson, of Radcliffe, in the same
County, Manager, for the Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN
LOOMS FOR WEAVING."
Sealed the 18th November 1870, and dated the 15th September 1870.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said Thomas Pilkington Young
and James Thomasson at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition and Declaration, on the 15th September 1870,
pursuant to the 9th Section of the Patent Law Amendment Act,
1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, THOMAS
PILKINGTON YOUNG, of the Firm of Thomas Pilkington and Son, of
Bury, in the County of Lancaster, Manufacturer, and JAMES THOMASSON,
of Radcliffe, in the said County, Manager, send greeting.
WHEREAS we are in possession of an Invention for "CERTAIN IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING," and have petitioned Her Majesty to grant'
unto us, our executors, administrators, and assigns, Her Royal Letters

page_text: Patent for the same, and have made solemn Declaration that we are the
first and true Inventors thereof.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Thomas Pilkington Young and
James Thomasson, do hereby declare that the following Complete
Specification, under our hands and seals, fully describes and ascertains
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, in and by the following statement and accompanying
Drawings, that is to say :—
Our Invention relates to that description of loom employed for
weaving drills, preakies, tabbys, or other fancy patterns, and is designed
for the purpose of simplifying the mechanism actuating the shedding,
thereby giving more case, certainty, and uniformity to such motion than
hitherto.
The-Invention is more particularly applicable to the apparatus of such
looms in which the pattern to be woven is formed through the medium
of jacquard apparatus or through the medium of endless tappets
previously arranged upon a barrel, chain, or other equivalent, the
disposition of the cards of the jacquard apparatus or other previously
arranged pattern tappet being designed to act upon and place in position
pendulum hooks, each one of which is suspended from a vertical bar
connecting the top and bottom jacks, giving motion to the healds, each
hook having an independent action, and actuated so as to rise and fall
.through the medium of rising and falling knives, one being placed
behind and the other in front of the suspended pendulum hooks, the up-
and-down motions of which and also the motion transmitted to the upper
levers for closing the jacks are obtained by means of a groved cam
receiving a second motion from the crank shaft. The hooks when in
their normal position and not acted upon by the pattern cards or tappets
are forced outwards by springs into a position directly over the rising
knife actuating the jacks, giving motion to the bottom shed, but
previously to the rising of this knife, the traversing pattern cards or
tappets have been brought into position and forced, according to the shed
required, such of the suspended pendulum hooks out from their normal
position into a position that will admit of their being taken or carried
down by the descending knife on the opposite side. The upward and
downward action of the two knives at this time act upon their respective
hooks and give through the medium of the jacks the necessary rise and
fall to the healds for shedding according to the pattern under manu-

page_text: facture, simultaneous with which the pattern cards or tappets effect their
change for the next shed, the suspended hooks being again brought
into their normal position, and the shed closed by means of the top
closing levers before-mentioned acting upon the ends of the jacks.
<
Secondly, our Invention relates to the employment of mechanism for
giving through the medium of the suspended hooks a cross shed to the
warps when weaving, and consists in actuating the healds for giving a
cross shed to the warp threads by means of the pattern cards or tappets
through the medium of the suspended pendulum hooks, which is effected
by the following arrangement of apparatus :-The suspended hooks for
a cross shed" are constructed with a double indentation in the form of
a dovetail groove, one on either side back and front, and forming each
hook of separate pieces of vertical bars placed back to back or in one
piece moving in guides, and which are acted upon for shedding by cards
or tappets as before described, the motion to knives for giving the rise
and fall to these hooks being obtained by means of toggel-jointed or
compound levers connected by rods which receive motion from a double
faced cam or eccentric that cause the levers to give the knives acting
upon the indented rods or hooks a rising and falling motion that will
with each vibration of such knives cause them to cross or pass cach
other, in contradistinction to a retiring and advancing motion for
shedding, as hitherto employed. The hooks when in motion are forced
into position from their points of suspension on the vertical rods con-
nected with the jacks for being acted upon by the vibrating knives
through the combined action of the pattern cards or tappets on one side
and forked or bent pushers or guides actuated by helical springs. on the
other side. By this arrangement the shedding apparatus is worked with
greater ease in consequence of the simultaneous upward and downward
motion of the knives and hooks which when shedding act as a counter-
poise that give in the cross shed thus effected a steadier and more
uniform motion than has hitherto been obtained.
Thirdly. The improvements relate to all class of looms having what
is known as the "under pick," and are designed for the purpose of.
modifying and checking the shuttle when being received in the box and
also when "picking," which materially prevents the waste that now
takes place in the breaking of the weft, and the Invention consists in
projecting a lever or rod from the tongue or root of the "picking stick "
in a position terminating above the "picking tappet," the projecting

page_text: secured to the crank shaft the face of the wheel g is provided with a
grooved cam g¹, the peculiar formation of which we prefer being con-
structed according to the design shewn at Figure 1*; this cam when
revolving gives motion to two lever knives h, h¹, the fulcrum of which
is carried by the bracket i secured to the framing a, these knives are also
connected by means of the rods k, k¹, with the top lever closers 1, 1,
which embrace the outside ends of the jacks c, the knife h is also
connected by the rod m and universal joint m¹ with the lever n, the
fulcrum o of which forms the central shaft supporting the jacquard
cylinder or barrel p, this barrel p has a series of jacquard cards q con-
taining the pattern required to be produced wound or passed over it in
the usual manner, the barrel being supported by the swing frame carried
by the shaft o which is held in position by the brackets & secured to the
framing a, the swing frame and jacquard barrel being made to vibrate
to and fro with every revolution of the crank shaft by reason of their
connection with the rising and falling knife through the medium of
the rod m, the said barrel as it moves outwards when vibrating is
brought into contact with the stationary hooks which gives it a quarter
turn upon its axis, thereby presenting with each forward motion one of
the series of endless pattern cards moving over or around it, the said
barrel with each movement being steadied by the springs u. The
knives h, ¹, in their upward and downward movements are designed to
act upon the suspended pendulum hooks which are connected at the
point with the vertical rods w, connected top and bottom with the
upper and lower jacks c, c¹; these suspended hooks are each provided
with a sliding guide x, through and by which they are each independently
governed in their action; from the ends of these guides the feelers or
needles y project, their outward position, when not otherwise acted upon,
being maintained by the springs a¹. Each guide and the hook it
governs when in assuming their normal position at the time the "shed"
is closing are over the knife h, but during the time the knife h is
descending it transmits through the rod m and lever n a forward move-
ment to the barrel p carrying the pattern card, which having been
previously placed in position upon the cylinder or barrel with its back-
ward movement as before described, causes, before completing such
forward movement, the blank portion of such card to come into contact
with the feelers of the slides x directly opposite such blank, and force them
back into a position that will admit of those suspended hooks so forced
to be caught and taken down with the descending knife h' simultaneously

page_text: -
In
with which the ascending knife h takes or forces up the remaining hooks
not so forced back, the combined action of which effects the shedding
required to produce upon the woven fabric the pattern desired.
Figure 6 the suspended hooks are constructed with a double indentation
back and front, in the form of a dovetailed recess, and which are actuated
to rise and fall so as to produce a cross "shed" to the warps, for this
purpose the cam wheel g is provided with a cam or eccentric on both
its surfaces which when revolving actuate the levers i, i, which transmits
through the rods 2, 2, motion to the knives 1, h, the rise and fall of
which pass each other and carry with them the suspender hooks placed
in position by the pattern cards; according to the shed required by this
arrangement the upper closing levers are dispensed with.
Figures 7 and 8-relato-to-that-portion-of-the-Invention designed for
the purpose of checking the concussion of the shuttle when entering the
shuttle box. In these Figures a¹, a', is a curved lever, the fulcrum of which
is supported by the bracket & secured to the framing a, one end of the
lever rests upon the tongue c¹ of the picking stick d', its opposite end
beyond the fulcrum being curved and directly over the revolving
tappet d, giving motion to the picking stick for expelling the shuttle
from the box; this tappet when revolving and on its top centre at the
time the shuttle is entering the box acts upon the curved lever a¹ in such
a manner that the end of such lever resting upon the tongue of the
picking stick forces such picking stick into a forward position, as shewn
in dots, the peculiar curve of the lever a at the time the shuttle is caught
allows the "picker" to recede in the direction of the shuttle and thus
gradually offer a resistance to its progress that effectually reduces and
modifies the concussion of the shuttle against the picker.
Having now described the nature of our said Invention, together with
the method of carrying the same into practical effect, we wish it to be
distinctly understood in conclusion that we claim,-
First. The novel and peculiar arrangement, construction, and adapta-
tion to looms of the pendulum hooks suspended from and connected
with the vertical rods, coupling or forming the connection between the
top and bottom jacks, giving motion to the healds for shedding, together
with the arrangement and adaptation thereto of pattern cards or other
equivalent to be employed for the purpose and in the manner described
in connection with such hooks for effecting the change required for
shedding in looms manufacturing fancy goods.

page_text: Secondly. We claim the novel arrangement and construction of the
apparatus shewn and described in Figure 6 in combination with the
suspended pendulum hooks whereby a cross shed is effected.
And thirdly. We claim the novel employment, construction, and
adaptation to under pick looms of the peculiar arrangement of apparatus
described and set forth in Figures 7 and S for checking and modifying
the concussion of the shuttle against the picker when entering the
shuttle box.
And lastly. We claim the general construction and arrangement of
the apparatus forming the subject of these improvements, together with
any slight modification thereof, as herein-before described, set forth, and
fully illustrated in the Drawings attached.
In witness whereof, we have hereunto set our hands and seals, the
Tenth day of September, in the year of our Lord One thousand
eight hundred and seventy.
THOMAS PILKINGTON YOUNG. (L.S.)
JAMES THOMASSON.
(L.S.)
Witness to the signatures,
THOMAS WRIGLEY,
Agent to the Petitioners,
Imperial Chambers,
Manchester.