AN IMPROVED PUMP
Year: 1871

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Guillermo Reinlein, of Madrid, in the Kingdom
of Spain, Officer in the Spanish Army, for the Invention of "AN
IMPROVED PUMP."
Sealed the 27th October 1871, and dated the 23rd May 1871.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Guillermo Reinlein at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Pétition, on.
the 23rd May 1871.
I, GUILERMO REINLEIN, of Madrid, in the Kingdom of Spain,.
Officer in the Spanish Army, do hereby declare the nature of the said*
Invention for "AN IMPROVED PUMP," to be as follows:-
My Invention consists of a new pump for raising water, using steam
directly and without employing any mechanical agency, substituting
for such agency that of atmospheric air as an intermediate body between
steam and water, and applying the principle by which the motion of
fluids is laterally transmitted.
In order to raise water by my Invention between two levels separated
by more than five yards I divide this height into parts of four or five
yards, and I place at the highest point of each of these divisions a tank

page_text: hermetically closed. In front of these tanks, and communicating with
them by short inclined branches, there is a general pipe, by means of
which the water is raised, and which contains in the space between each
two tanks a valve which opens upwards. At the side of the general
pipe there are two others of smaller diameter, which are air pipes, one
of which communicates by means of short horizontal pipes with the top
of the even numbered tanks (that is to say, the second, fourth, sixth,
and so on, counting from the top one), and the other with the top of
the uneven numbered tanks (that is to say, the first, third, fifth, and so
on, also counting from the top). Beside the valves mentioned in the
general pipe there is another which opens upwards, and its object is
to allow the water to pass from the first tank when it has reached it.
In order for the apparatus to work a vacuum is made by the air
pipes, sometimes in all the even numbered, sometimes in all the uneven
numbered tanks, allowing at the same instant the atmospheric pressure
freely to act on the tanks where there is no vacuum, and by the same
pipe which serves to extract this air, and so when a vacuum is made in
one series of tanks (whether the first, third, fifth, and so on, or the
second, fourth, sixth, and so on) the water. from the other series rises,
and vice versâ; and again, that when the time arrives to make a vacuum
in the even numbered tanks the upper one will throw its water out by
the last valve of the main water pipe pushed forward by the atmospheric
pressure.
The exhausting apparatus employed in making the vacuum is as
follows: It is composed of two concentric pipes, of which the inner
one is in communication with a steam boiler and the outer one with the
tanks in which a vacuum is to be formed. At the extremity of the inner
pipe there is a plate or cap perforated with small holes equidistant from
each other and placed in a circle concentric with the pipe in which the
steam from the boiler is mixed with the air from the tanks. This steam
in escaping with great velocity through the perforations in the cap on
the inner pipe draws the air which surrounds it by the process already
mentioned, by which the motion of fluids is laterally transmitted, and
the vacuum is immediately formed in the tanks which communicate
with the outer pipe, when by the arrangement of the valves of the
general pipe the water rises from the lower tanks.
In order now to communicate with the exhausting apparatus and the
atmosphere, sometimes the even numbered and sometimes the uneven

page_text: numbered tanks, there is an alternating valve which places the air pipes
in alternate communication with the atmosphere and the exhausting
apparatus. This valve acquires its movement from two floats which
work in a cylinder in communication with one of the even numbered
tanks and are joined by a rod to a lever fixed in the valve. When the
water has filled the even numbered tanks the two floats are entirely.
submerged, and by their effort to rise they impart to the alternating
valve a quarter of a turn; the result is that the air pipe which was in
communication with the exhauster is now in communication with the
atmosphere, and that which was in communication with the atmosphere
is now with the exhausting apparatus, and the result of this arrange-
ment is that the water of the even numbered tanks will rise into the
uneven numbered tanks.
When there is no water in these tanks the floats will be liberated,
and acting by their weight on the lever of the alternating valve will
give it a new quarter of a turn in a contrary direction to the first, and
the communication of the air pipes will resume their first arrangement,
and the movement will continue so long as the exhausting apparatus
works.
In order to more thoroughly explain my Invention the annexed
Drawings will show the manner of working the same. The letters of
reference indicate corresponding parts in all the Figures.
Fig. I. represents a section of the general pipe with the tanks A, A, A,
numbered 1, 2, 3, commencing from the upper tank, and so on, according
to the number of tanks required; B, B, B, are the air pipes, and D, D, D,
are the valves fixed in the general pipe.
Fig. II. represents a side section of the general pipe and tanks,
showing the cylinder referred to, also in section; F, F, are the floats;
G, the alternating valve; H, the rod; and I, the valve fixed to the
outlet on a level with the top tank.
Fig. III. is a plan showing the two concentric pipes; the inner one J
has to be connected with the steam boiler; K is the pipe wherein the
steam and air become mixed; M, M, is the perforated plate, and N, N,
the air pipe.

page_text: .
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Guillermo Reinlein in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 16th November 1871.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GUILLERMO
REINLEIN, of Madrid, in the Kingdom of Spain, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Twenty-third day of May, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, in the thirty-
fourth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Guillermo Reinlein, Her special
licence that I, the said Guillermo Reinlein, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Guillermo Reinlein,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with,
and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise,
and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland,
the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "AN IMPROVED
PUMP," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Guillermo
Reinlein, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Guillermo Reinlein, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement, reference being had to the accompanying
Drawings and the letters and figures marked thereon, that is to say :-
My said Invention consists in certain peculiar arrangements in the
construction of a pump for raising water, using the steam directly and
without employing any mechanical agency, substituting for such agency
that of atmospheric air as an intermediate body between steam and
water, and applying the principle by which the motion of fluids is laterally
transmitted.
In order to raise water by my Invention between two levels separated
by more than twenty feet I divide this height into parts of twenty feet

page_text: or less, and I place at the highest point of each of these divisions a tank
hermetically closed. In front of these tanks, and communicating with
them by short inclined branches, there is a general pipe by means of
which the water is raised, and which contains in the space between
each two tanks a valve which opens upwards. At the side of the
general pipe there are two others of smaller diameter, which are air
pipes, one of which communicates by means of short horizontal pipes with
the top of the even numbered tanks, and the other with the top of the
uneven numbered tanks. Beside the valves mentioned in the general
pipe there is another which opens upwards, and its object is to allow
the water to pass from the upper tank when it has reached it.
In order for the apparatus to work, a vacuum is made by the air
pipes, sometimes in all the even numbered, sometimes in all the uneven
numbered tanks, allowing at the same instant the atmospheric pressure
freely to act on the tanks where there is no vacuum, and by the same
pipe which serves to extract this air, so that when a vacuum is made
in one series of tanks, whether of the odd or even numbers, the water
from the other series rises, and vice versa; and again, when the time
arrives to make a vacuum in the even numbered tanks, the upper
one will throw its water out by the last valve of the general water
pipe.
The exhausting apparatus employed in making the vacuum is
composed of two chambers, one of which is in connection with a steam
boiler where superheated steam is generated, and the other with the
tanks in which a vacuum is to be made. In the plate which separates
these two chambers there is a series of small jets, each having the form
of two conic frustrums joined by their smaller ends. Through these
jets the superheated steam escapes, and is received into another similar
series of jets of larger dimensions. The steam in escaping with great
velocity by the small jets draws the air which surrounds them by the
process of the lateral action of fluids, and a vacuum is immediately
formed in the cisterns which communicate with the upper chamber,
when by the arrangement of the valves of the general pipe the water
rises from the lower tanks. The mixture of air and steam after escaping
is conveyed to the atmosphere by a separate flue. The number of jets
in each exhausting apparatus may vary with its strength, and may be
placed in any convenient position.

page_text: In communicating with the exhausting apparatus and the atmosphere,
sometimes the even numbered, and sometimes the unevened numbered
tanks, there is an alternating valve which places the air pipes in
alternate communication with the atmosphere and the exhausting
apparatus. This valve acquires its movement from the floats which
work in a cylinder in communication with one of the even numbered
tanks and are joined by a rod to a lever fixed in the valve. When the
water has filled the even numbered tanks the two floats are entirely
submerged, and by their effort to rise and float they impart to the
alternating valve a quarter of a turn; the result is that the air pipe
which was in communication with the exhauster is now in communi-
cation with the atmosphere, and that which was in communication
with the atmosphere is now with the exhausting apparatus, and the
result of this arrangement is that the water of the even numbered
will run into the uneven numbered tanks, with the exception of the
upper tank, the water from which will be discharged.
When there is no water in these tanks the floats will be liberated,
and acting by their weight on the lever of the alternating valve will
give it a new quarter of a turn in a contrary direction to the first, and
the communication of the air pipes will resume their first arrangement,
and the movement will continue so as long as the exhausting apparatus
works.
And in order that my Invention may be fully understood, I shall
now proceed more particularly to describe the same, and for that purpose
I shall refer to the several Figures on the annexed Sheet of Drawings,
the same letters of reference indicating corresponding parts in all the
corresponding Figures.
Fig. 1 is a section of the pump shewing the hermetically sealed tanks,
Nos. 1, 2, 3, in their relative positions with the air pipes A, A', A',
connecting the alternate cisterns; B, B, B, is the general pipe; C, C, C,
the valves.
Fig. 2 is another section of the pumps on the line a, a, in Fig. 3,
shewing the hermetically closed tanks also in section, and the position
of the cylinder F and floats G, G, by which the alternating valve H is
regulated; K is the pipe connecting the cylinder F with the uneven
numbered tanks, and L is the pipe in connection with the exhausting
apparatus; M is a small pipe connecting the cylinder F with the air

page_text: pipe A.
Adjoining the tank No. 1 is the valve N opening upwards, from
which the water is discharged.
Fig. 3 is a plan at b,-b, shewing the general pipe B in section.
A, A¹, are the air pipes connecting the alternate tanks; K and M are
small pipes connecting the air pipes A', A', with the cylinder F
containing the floats; O is the top of tank No. 2.
Fig. 4 is also a plan. A, A¹, are the air pipes; P the top of the
upper tank; N the valve opening upwards by which the water is
discharged.
Fig. 5 is a detail drawing of the exhausting apparatus, R and S are
two chambers, the former in communication through the pipe T with
the steam boiler, and the latter through the pipe X with the tanks in
which a vacuum is to be made; d, d, and e, e, are small jets by which
the steam escapes; g is the pipe by which the mixture of steam and
air is conveyed to the atmosphere.
Fig. 6 is a plan of Fig. 5. Fig. 7 is a larger detail Drawing of the
jets last described. Fig. 8 is a horizontal section of the alternating
valve connected with the cylinder. This Drawing illustrates the com-
munication between the tanks and the exhausting apparatus, and shews
the movement of the alternating valve. h is a lever with a regulator
counterbalance m, which can be moved up and down the lever in order
to assist the movement of the alternating valve; K, M, are the small
pipes connecting the air pipes with the cylinder containing the
floats G, G, and H is the valve.
Fig. 9 is a perpendicular section of Fig. 8.
Having now described and particularly ascertained the nature of my
said Invention, and the manner in which the same is or may be used
or carried into effect, I would observe, in conclusion, that what I consider
to be novel and original, and therefore claim as the Invention secured
to me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is,-
Firstly. The peculiar mode of subdividing a body of steam by means
of the jets herein described, in order to make a partial vacuum either in
one or more tanks.
Secondly. The form of the apertures by which the jets of steam escape
before being mixed with the air from the tanks.
Thirdly. The application of superheated steam for the purpose of
raising water by the principle herein described.

page_text: Fourthly. The relative position of the tanks in alternate numbers, and
connecting each series by an independent air pipe.
Fifthly. The self-acting valve which places the air pipes in alternate
communication with the atmosphere and the exhausting apparatus.
In witness whereof, I, the said Guillermo Reinlein, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Eighth day of November, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one.
GUILLERMO REINLEIN. (L.S.)