Improvements in and relating to Bicycles, Tricycles, and like Vehicles.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 2nd Dec., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 2nd Oct., 1891-Accepted, 2nd Dec., 1891
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Bicycles, Tricycles, and like
Vehicles.
We, RICHARD KENT HARTLEY, Manager, Springwood House, Chadderton
near Oldham, GEORGE HILTON SMITH, Machinist, Irk View, Rhodes, near
Manchester, ISAAC SHIMWELL MCDOUGALL Chemist, Thornleigh Higher
Broughton Manchester, all in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to bicycles, tricycles and similar vehicles, and is also
applicable to the type described in the Specification of Patent number 14045 of 1889
granted to Richard Kent Hartley, and its object is to increase the efficiency and
improve the construction of such machines.
carrying our invention into effect, in a bicycle we apply slip gear to the
rear or main driving wheel axle, as well as to the front wheel so that when the
rider ceases pedaling the rear wheel can rotate independently of the rotation of
the treadle axle and thus the rider may still retain his feet on the treadles if he so
desires.
Sometimes we so arrange the treadle axle that if the rider ceases forward
driving, and moves the treadle axle in a backward direction, then the brake is
applied.
This may be accomplished by several means but we preferably mount upon the
treadle axle a roller incline clutch, similar to that described in the Specification
hereinbefore mentioned; so arranged that when the treadle axle is moving to
drive the rear wheel, the rollers slip, but when the axle is moved backwards,
which is permitted by another slip clutch or clutches, the rollers grip and move
the clutch back.
This clutch is arranged to act upon a brake by a suitable cam or projection,
and a stop, to limit the back movement, is formed so that the back rotation
can only put on the brake to a safe pressure. When the forward treadling is
resumed, the brake at once comes off, pulled off by a spring or any other suitable
contrivance.
Another part of our invention provides a rigid support for the bevil or gear
wheels used to communicate motion from the driving and driven spindles or axles.
This is accomplished by brackets so arranged that the shafts or spindles of each
pair of bevil wheels are supported in the same bracket piece which carries suitable
ball bearings.
Forked, looped or L brackets may be used. The driving and driven shafts
also are so arranged that the tendency of the driving bevil wheel to thrust
away the driven bevil wheel is overcome and the prejudicial effects on gearing of
the movements or tendency to spring movement of a light bicycle frame are
obviated. This desirable end we accomplish in the case of a shaft which
receives motion at one end by a bevil wheel and imparts it at the other end
by a bevil wheel by causing each end of the shaft to pass through bearing
brackets which carry the driving and driven shafts or spindles and by attaching
suitable exterior collars to the outer ends of the shaft, which collars carry in
grooves on their internal opposing surfaces, balls and form ball bearings and
effectively tie together the bearing brackets at. the opposite extremities of the
shaft. At the same time the internal ball bearings present loss by friction. The
shaft thus acts as a stay to tie together the brackets carrying the bevil wheels and
so keeps the teeth of the wheels properly engaged. In a corresponding manner,
the shaft also acts as a strut to resist compression so that by this simple device

page_text: bevil gearing may be applied to light bicycle frames which would otherwise yield
too much to permit of such application.
Although we have described the various parts of our invention, particularly with
reference to a rear driven bicycle it will be readily understood that the same or
essentially the same devices may be applied to tricycles and other light vehicles of
a similar nature.
Dated this 1st day of December 1890.
CLERK & MARKS,
13, Temple Street, Birmingham, Agents for Applicants.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Bicycles, Tricycles, and like
Vehicles.
We, RICHARD KENT HARTLEY, Manager, Springwood House, Chadderton,
near Oldham, GEORGE HILTON SMITH, Machinist, Irk View, Rhodes, near
Manchester, and ISAAC SHIMWELL MCDOUGALL, Chemist, Thornleigh, Higher
Broughton, Manchester, all in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the
nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to
be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to bicycles, tricycles, and similar vehicles, and is also
applied to the type described in the Specification of Patent No. 14045 of 1889,
granted to Richard Kent Hartley, and its object is to increase the efficiency, and
improve the construction of such machines.
Referring to the accompanying sheet of drawings, Figures 1 to 4 illustrate our
improvements. In carrying our invention into effect, in a bicycle we apply slip
gear to the rear or main driving wheel axle, as well as to the front wheel, so that
when the rider ceases pedalling, the rear wheel can rotate independently of the
rotation of the treadle axle, and thus the rider may still retain his feet on
the treadles if he so desires. The slip gear we prefer is illustrated at Figure 4
as applied for actuating the brake and will be described hereinafter. When applied
to treadle or wheel; the treadle or wheel is attached to and rotates with the case B
and drives the shaft or is driven from it by the rollers as B2 which slip when the
motion is reversed. The construction is well known and does not form part of the
invention. Sometimes we so arrange the treadle axle that if the rider ceases
forward driving, and moves the treadle axle in a backward direction, then the
brake is applied. This may be accomplished by various means, but we preferably
mount upon the treadle axle A, see Figure 4, a roller incline clutch B similar to
that described in the Specification hereinbefore mentioned; so arranged that when
the treadle axle is moving to drive the rear wheel D, (Figures 1 and 4) as shown
by the arrow, the rollers B2 slip, being free of the incline or wedge surfaces B',
but when the axle A is moved backwards, which is permitted by another slip
clutch or clutches, the rollers B2 grip the incline surfaces B' and move the clutch B
back.
This clutch is arranged to act upon a brake C by a suitable cam or a projec-
tion as B³, and a stop groove C₁ to limit the back movement is formed in C
so that the back rotation can only put on the brake C to a safe pressure.
When the forward treadling is resumed, the brake C at once comes off, pulled off
by a spring C².
Another part of our invention provides a rigid support for the bevil or gear
wheels, used to communicate motion from the driving and driven spindles or axles.
This is accomplished by a bracket H, H', which I preferably form in one piece
and a bracket I which I prefer to form in one piece with the spindle X, so
arranged that the shafts or spindles A, F¹ and F1, F' of each pair of bevil
wheels E, F and F2, F3 are supported in the same bracket piece, which carries
suitable ball bearings of known construction. Forked, looped or L brackets may

page_text: be used. H, H is an L and looped bracket carrying the ends of the spindles A, F',
and so holding the bevil wheels E, F securely in gear; while I is an L bracket
serving the same purpose for the spindles of the wheels F2, F3. The bracket H, H'
is made in one forging and carries bushes H2, H3 led into bored apertures and fixed
there by screwing or other means. The spindles A and F¹ work in the bushes H2
and H3 and are thus held firmly together.
By this arrangement as indicated at Figures 1, 2, and 3, the driving and driven
shafts also are so arranged that the tendency of the driving bevil wheel to thrust
away the driven bevil wheel is overcome, and the prejudicial effects on gearing of
the movements or tendency to spring movement of a light bicycle frame are
obviated. This desirable end we accomplish in the case of a shaft which receives
motion at one end by a bevil wheel and imparts it at the other by a bevil wheel,
by causing each end of the shaft as F1, Figure 1, to pass through bearing brackets H
and I which carry the driving and driven shafts or spindles A and F and by
attaching suitable exterior collars such as G G to the outer ends of the shaft
which collars carry in grooves on their internal opposing surfaces, balls, and form
ball bearings, and effectively tie together the bearing brackets H, I at the opposite
extremities of the shaft. At the same time the internal ball bearings K, L
prevent loss by friction. The shaft F¹ thus acts as a stay to tie together the
brackets carrying the bevil wheels, and so keeps the teeth of the wheels properly
engaged. In a corresponding manner the shaft F also acts as a strut to resist
compression so that by this simple device bevil gearing may be applied to
light bicycle frames which would otherwise yield too much to permit of such
application.
Figure 3 is an end view showing the treadle axle A, the brake C and the
clutch B.
Although we have described the various parts of our invention particularly with
reference to a rear driven bicycle it will be readily understood that the same or
essentially the same devices may be applied to tricycles and other light vehicles of
a similar nature.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what
we claim is —
(1) The arrangement of bevil wheel driving gear for velocipedes ; in which the
brackets carrying the driving and driven shafts are made in one piece, or the two
bearings are firmly united; and the shaft transmitting motion from the treadle axle
to the driving wheel axle is so constructed as to serve as a tie and strut; the
whole arrangement securing that the bevil wheels remain in accurate gear with each
other substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore described with reference
to Figures 1 and 2 of the accompanying drawings.
(2) The arrangement of clutch and brake whereby the brake is applied by
back pedalling substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore described and
illustrated at Figures 3 and 4 of the drawings.
Dated this 1st day of October 1891.
CLERK & MARKS,
13, Temple Street, Birmingham, Agents for the Applicants.