Improved Means for Controlling Electric Motors, particularlyed to the Motors of Elevators.
Year: 1899

page_text: Date of Application, 13th June, 1899-Accepted, 9th Sept., 1899
Improved Means for Controlling Electric Motors, the Invention being
particularly adapted to the Motors of Elevators.
A communication from abroad by OTIS BROTHERS & COMPANY (Incorporated), of
Yonkers, in the State of New York, United States of America.
We, OTIS ELEVATOR COMPANY LIMITED, of 4, Queen Victoria Street, in the
City of London, Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:→
This invention relates to means for controlling the operation of electric motors,
and while it is applicable to motors used for many and various purposes it is
more especially adapted for controlling motors connected to operate elevators
and it is especially adapted for controlling electric motors operated with alternat-
ing currents. The object of the invention is to provide improved and practical
means whereby an alternating current motor can be readily started, stopped and
its operation controlled, and to these ends the invention consists in the various
features of construction and arrangement of parts, having the general mode of.
operation substantially as hereinafter more particularly pointed out.
Referring to the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is a side view of an elevator motor embodying the improvements;
Fig. 2 is a plan view thereof;
Fig. 3 is an end view of the same;
Figs: 4, 5, 6 and 7 are enlarged detail views of some of the operating parts;
Fig. 8 is an enlarged side view of the governor switch;
Fig. 9 is an end view of the same;
Fig. 10 is a plan view of the same;
Figs. 11 and 12 are diagrammatic views showing the arrangements of circuits
for single or multiphase currents.
While the invention is applicable to many and various uses in connection with
alternating current electric motors the general principles of the invention can
be well understood by describing and illustrating the embodiments thereof con-
nected with motors adapted to operate elevators, and the embodiment illustrated
in the drawings in connection with elevators will therefore be described as a
typical one, so that those skilled in the art will be enabled to employ the inven-
tion for the various purposes to which it is adapted, and it will be understood that
in thus describing this special application the invention is not limited thereto
nor to the use of the particular styles or forms of devices referred to.
The arrangements of circuits illustrated herein are based on an arrangement of
a single push-button system of control substantially such as is shown and
described in the Specification to Letters Patent No. 1883 of 1898, but it is under-
stood that these circuits may be varied so that a double or three push-button
system may be employed, or any other equivalent means for controlling the
circuits. Further, it will be seen hereafter that in connection with the push-
button system electro-magnets are used for controlling the circuits through the
[Price 81

page_text: different devices, though other arrangements and devices may be used to accom-
plish the general purpose of the invention, as will be apparent to those skilled
in the art.
Referring to the drawings of the mechanical part of the invention, there is a
suitable base A, upon which is mounted an alternating current motor B, of any
desired type. The armature of this motor is connected directly or otherwise to
the driving shaft B¹, which in the present instance is shown as provided with a
worm B, engaging a worm wheel A¹, connected to a winding drum A², or other
part of the elevator operating mechanism. Mounted on the driving shaft B¹, is
a brake wheel B³, and the brake may be of any ordinary or usual construction
but is shown in the present instance as embodying an improved construction
hereinafter more particularly described, and which is arranged to co-operate with
the switch mechanism for controlling the circuits of the motor B. Mounted on
the shaft A3, of the drum, is an automatic stop motion device A', which may be
of any usual construction, and is connected, as hereinafter described, to control
the switch, as for instance when the elevator reaches its uppermost or lowermost
position.
These general features of the elevator operating mechanism need not be further
described in detail, as their construction and arrangement are well understood
and may be varied to suit any particular case.
Arranged in proper relation to the elevator operating mechanism and prefer-
ably, as shown, mounted on the base A, is a reversing switch device E, and this in
the present instance is arranged to be operated in connection with the brake
operating magnets D and D¹. Also arranged to co-operate with the reversing
switch is a stop magnet F, and this is shown as conveniently mounted on the
reversing switch E.
For use in connection with single phase currents it has been found desirable
to employ a governor switch G, but with multiphase currents this switch is not
necessary and may be omitted.
It will be understood that when the motor or elevator is at rest the brake is
applied, and when the elevator is to be started the brake is released and main-
tained in the released condition as long as the proper current is supplied to
operate the elevator, and when the current is cut off or fails for any reason
the brake device is automatically applied to stop the car. As the operation of
the brake device is thus in harmony with the starting and stopping of the
elevator the brake operating magnets have been utilized in the present instance
not only to operate the brake but to operate and control the reversing switch
device E, and such improved brake device shown herein will now be described.
The brake wheel B³ is, as is usual in this class of devices, provided with a
brake band D2, and in order to get the maximum brake power out of the brake
band means are provided whereby one end of the brake band is anchored when-
ever the other end is operated. Thus there is shown the opposite ends of the
band attached, respectively, to two weighted levers D3 D4, and these are pivoted
as at D5, and connected to the ends of the band in such a way that in descending
either or both of the levers shorten the band and cause it to tightly grasp the
brake wheel B³. Thus one end of the band is attached to one arm of the bell
crank lever D4, while the other end of the band is attached to the straight
lever D³, and suitable means, as an adjusting screw. Do, is provided for adjusting
the relations of the levers to the band.
It will be seen that when these levers are down, as shown in Fig. 3, the brake
band tightly embraces the brake wheel B³, but it will also be seen that power
exerted on the brake band by the rotation of the brake wheel in either direction
would tend to raise one or the other of the levers and the band would not, there-
fore, operate effectively as a brake, and to prevent this some suitable means are
provided for normally holding the brake levers in their downward position with
the brake applied, and the catches H H¹ are shewn (Fig. 4) pivotally mounted as
indicated and provided or arranged so that they normally swing to such a position

page_text: that their catch points will engage the weighted levers D³ D* respectively
and prevent their rising to release the brake band.
To operate the brake levers to release the brake band the brake magnets D.
and D are provided. These in the present instance are shown in the form of.
solenoids, having cores D7 18, with slots dd, through which the levers D3 D4
respectively extend. These slots are preferably larger than the size of the levers.
so as to allow the magnet cores a certain amount of motion before the levers are
raised. The cores are also provided with some means for releasing the
catches H H¹ such as wedge shaped projections d adapted to engage pins or
studs on the catches H HI, and it will be seen that when either of the cores D...
or Ds begins to move upward the wedge shaped projection operating against
one of the pins or studs h³; forces the catch H or H as the case may be inward:
so that its catch point h or h will be disengaged from its brake lever D³ or D4,
the elongated slots allowing this operation as above indicated. When the catch.
releases the lever a further movement of its magnet core will raise the same,
releasing the brake band on the brake-wheel and it will remain released as long
as the magnet is energized. When, however, the core of the magnet descends,
through the influence of the weighted lever, the brake band is applied and the
catch again engages the lever and holds it in position.
A slight space is preferably left between the catch points h h and the respective
brake levers, as indicated in Fig. 4, although this is not necessary, but it will.
be seen that in whichever direction the brake wheel may rotate, as soon as the
brake band is brought in contact with it the tendency will be to lift the brake.
lever connected to the end of the brake band extending in a direction opposite
to that of the movement of the brake wheel, and this tendency will be over- .
come by the catch, which will prevent the lever from rising materially and
will hold the brake band stationary, while the weighted lever at the other end
of the band co-operates therewith to cause the band to tightly grasp the wheel,
and the slot in the magnet core is of sufficient size to allow this brake lever to
play a little and compensate for the slight upward movement of the other lever..
The reversing switch E may be variously constructed, depending somewhat
upon the character of the currents used, but as shown it comprises essentially
two switch arms E E², pivotally mounted on the switch plate and carrying con-
tacts at both ends. The number of these contacts will vary according to the
arrangement of the circuits. It is preferable to use yielding spring contacts, as
indicated in the drawings. In the present instance each reversing switch arm is
provided with two contacts e e¹ and e²e on one end, and with contacts e¹ e e e
and see ell at their other ends, controlling circuits which will be more clearly
shown in the diagrams. The contacts e e¹ and are normally closed and when
either of the switch arms E1 E2 is operated these contacts are broken and the
contacts at the other end of the arm are closed. In the present instance the
brake magnets 1) D are utilized for controlling the switch arms E E and as a
convenient means links L L¹ are shewn as connected respectively to the brake
levers D3 D, and engaging through suitable devices as pins, the extensions E³ E*
of the switch arms E E². The links are also provided preferably with an adjust-
ing stop, so that the links may have a certain amount of downward movement
before they break the circuit by operating the switch arins.
In order to relieve the brake magnets D D of the necessity of holding the
brake levers in their elevated positions means are preferably provided for holding
the levers elevated, and the links L L' are thus shown as provided with notches 12,
adapted to co-operate with a catch J, which as shown is pivoted at j, and is
under the stress of a spring J1, so that it will enter, the notch of the respective :
links as they are moved upward and hold them in this position until released.
It will thus be seen that whenever either one of the brake magnets D or D¹ is
energized, it first moves its core to operate the catch H or H to release the brake
lever D or D and to raise the same, and through the medium of the links L L',-
one or the other of the reversing switch arms is operated to break the circuit-

page_text: normally made and close the circuits which, as hereinafter described, will pro-
duce the proper operation of the motor to raise or lower the elevator as the case
may be, and the brake lever is then supported by the catch J, engaging the link L,
and the motor continues to operate. When however it is desired or necessary
to stop the motor various safety devices, such as are ordinarily used in connec-
tion with elevators, may be adapted to accomplish this result, and in the present
instance a stop magnet Fis shewn suitably connected in the circuit and arranged
to disengage the catch J from the links. Thus in the present instance the arma-
ture Fis pivoted at f and is provided with studs or projections f¹ adapted to
engage the catch J when the magnet is energized and withdraw it from the notch /³
in the link when the latter falls by the influence of the weighted brake lever to
which it is attached, and the brake is applied and the switch arm of the reversing
switch operated to break the working circuit and restore the contacts to their
normal positions.
An arrangement is also shewn whereby the usual automatic stop motion
device A can operate the links to break the circuit and apply the brakes. The
description of the automatic stop motion need not be set forth in detail, as it is
well understood, the general features being that there is a travelling clutch
member A, travelling on a screw threaded extension of the shaft A3, and arranged
so that when the elevator reaches its extreme position at either end of its travel
the clutch will become engaged and automatically operate the switch mechanism.
Mounted on the automatic stop motion device A*, is an eccentric A6, and this is
adjustable with relation thereto by suitable adjusting screws and slot aª.
Engaging this eccentric is a strap A connected to a bar As Fig. 5 moving in
bearings A. This bar A8 has inclines a a arranged in proper relation to the
catches J and when the bar A8 is moved to the right or left it will release the one
or the other of the catches, permitting the links to fall, the reversing switch to
be operated and the brake to be applied to stop the motor.
As it is sometimes desirable to lock the reversing switch, there is shewn in
Fig. 7 a slight modification whereby this is accomplished, wherein the parts
are lettered as before. In this case the reversing switch arm E' is provided with
a pivoted catch E under the stress of a spring and adapted to be engaged by the
head of the catch J so that the switch arm is securely held until the link L rises
sufficiently to allow the head of the catch to pass by the notch 12 thereon, when
the arm is released and the switch can be operated.
This
As above intimated, when multiphase currents are used the devices so far
described are found sufficient and satisfactory but for use with single phase
curents wherein it is necessary in starting the single phase motor to provide an
additional circuit through the motor in the usual way a governing device G is
made use of which is adapted to break the additional circuit of the motor when
the motor attains sufficient speed to operate by the operating current.
govering device is arranged in any convenient relation to the motor but is shown
herein as operating in connection with the brake wheel B. This governor in the
present instance consists essentially of the weighted arms G¹, pivotally mounted
in the brake wheel B³, and operating against pins G, which in the present
instance are arranged to move an arm G³ pivoted at g. In the present
instance connected to the arm G³ is a disc G, supported on the arm by adjusting
screws g, and sliding on the shaft B¹. Connected to this arm G³ is a rod G5,
the free end of which is connected to the rock arm Go, one end of which, as G7,
carries the contacts adapted to engage contacts which are as shown
spring contacts. Adapted to engage the end G7 is a catch G8 which is normally
under the stress of a spring g. Catch G8 carries an insulated contact 8, which
engages an insulated contact 7, on the arm G. Mounted on the rod G, is a
compression spring G which tends to hold the arm G3 in its upright position
and force the pins G against the weighted arms G¹. The contacts 93-9', g³—g³,
and are normally closed when the current is supplied to the motor for
starting, and as the shaft B' increases its speed the weighted arms G¹ move out-

page_text: ward and through the medium of the pins G force the arm G³ against the resistance
of the compression spring G° and as this spring is compressed first contacts g? 98
are separated and then the contacts are gradually raised without breaking
owing to the spring contacts g' being able to follow and maintain contact for
a certain distance. The catch G8 is gradually forced out of engagement with
the end G7 of the rock arm G", until it finally releases said arm, and when this
moment arrives the weighted arms of the governor have only to overcome the
opposition of the compression spring G, being relieved of the spring on the
catch G8 and they will rapidly move to a further position outward and cause a
quick break between the contacts ³ ³ and 94 95 which latter have reached the
limit of movement under the spring pressure. The circuit controlled by the
governor is thus broken and remains broken as long as the motor is operating
at proper speed, but when the motor stops the weighted arms of the governor
assume their normal positions under the stress of the compression spring Go and
the rock arm Go carrying the contacts is forced to its normal position to engage
the contacts with the spring contacts, and the spring-actuated catch G8 engages
the end G7, the insulated contacts 97 are engaged, and the parts are locked in
position ready to operate again as before.
Having thus described the mechanical embodiments of the invention illustrated
in the drawing, which are shown as typical only in the broad sense of the inven-
tion, the operation will now be described referring more particularly to the
diagrammatic illustrations of the circuits in Figs. 11 and 12, wherein the prin-
cipal operating devices are lettered similar to those already described, Fig. 11
showing an arrangement for multiphase circuits, and Fig. 12 for single phase
circuits.
1, 2 and represent the main line conductors for a two or three phase motor
circuit, and this is shown in connection with the motor B, the switch arms E¹ E,
brake magnets D D', and stop magnet F before described, and in the present
illustration there has been adopted substantially the push-button system shown
in the application before referred to, in which there is a floor controller M, which
is rotated in accordance with the movements of the elevator, and is provided with
a number of brushes m¹ m² m² m², according to the number of floors or stopping
placed to be provided for, and there are a number of push buttons 11 P, or other
suitable circuit-closing devices, according to the number of floors or stopping
places. Arranged in the circuits are the magnets N, with its armature N, O,
and armature 01, Q, with its armature Q, and the auxiliary magnets R, S, and
armatures R, S¹, respectively.
One of the main lines, as 1, leads through the door contacts 4, 4, through the
conductor 1 shown as detached from 1 although in practice it would be con-
nected therewith, and this conductor 1" extends through the coils of the magnet Q,
which are wound in opposition, and thence through the contacts 5, which are
normally closed, to the branches leading to the push-buttons P¹ P. From the
push button contacts there extend branches of conductor 1" in the form of con-
ductors 11 leading respectively to the magnets N and O, and thence to the
brushes m and m³, of the floor controller M. From the brush m², leads a con-
ductor 1d, having two branches. One, as 1°, leads through the resistance r,
through the conductor 1, to the main line 3, while the other branch 15, leads
through the coils of the magnet S, to the contact point e, of the switch arm E¹.
From the contact point el, there is a conductor 1 including the coils of the brake
magnet D, and connected to the core of the magnet S, and from the armature S¹
of said magnet there is a conductor 1' connected to the main line 2, and this
conductor 2 is connected to the contacts e, e, on the switch arms E¹ E. The
brush m, is connected by conductor 1, through the resistance r¹, and conductor 1'
to the main line 3, and a branch 1 leads through the coils of the auxiliary
magnet R to conductor 18, to contact e, which is electrically connected to the
contact on the switch arm E. To the contact e³ is connected a conductor 1"
including the coils of the brake magnet D', and the core of the auxiliary magnet R,.

page_text: arms.
and the armature R¹, is connected by a conductor 1ª to the main line 2, and this
main line 2 is also connected to the contact on the switch arm Es. The
terminal on the motor B, is connected directly to the main line conductor 1;
the terminal 6, is connected to the contacts and respectively on the switch
arms EE; the terminal 2, is connected to the contacts & and e, on the switch
The contacts e and of the switch arms are also connected by conductor 6,
through the contacts 7, of the magnet Q, which are normally closed, through the
coil of the stop magnet F, and thence to the contacts e, e, of the switch arms.
When the motor is at rest the circuits are as indicated in the diagram, and the
contacts e e¹ and ³, are closed. Assuming now that one of the push-buttons,
as P¹, is closed by the operator the circuit may be traced as follows:-through
the conductor 1, through the door contacts 4, to the coils of the
magnet Q, contacts 5, push-button P₁, conductor 1b; Magnet N, to
brush m of the floor controller; brush m² thereof, where it branches, ono
portion going through the conductor 1°, resistance r, and conductor 1, to the main
line 3, while the other portion passes through conductor 1 including the coils of the
auxiliary magnet S), to contacts e on the switch arm E, and to the main line
conductor 2. This circuit energizes magnet N, causing it to attract its arma-
ture N', closing a short circuit between the armature and the magnet Q, including
one of the coils thereof, and this causes it to attract its armature, breaking the
contacts 5 and 7 carried by the armature Q', and the push-button is cut out of
circuit. The magnet S being also energized attracts its armature S¹, closing the
circuit leading from the main line conductor 2, through the conductor 1, the
core of magnet. S, the conductor 1h, including the coils of the brake magnet D,
to contact e¹, of the switch arm E¹. The brake magnet D, being thus energized
it attracts its armature lifting link L, and operating the switch E¹, to break the
contacts e e¹, and close the contacts e, e, controlling the motor circuit, which
receives its current from the main line, causing it to operate in the required
direction to move the elevator as desired.
When the elevator reaches the desired position, which in this instance is
represented by the push-button P, the floor controller M, has rotated so that the
brush m, reaches the insulated portion thereof, and the operating circuit is
interrupted. Consequently the magnet N, releases its armature, breaking the
shunt or parallel circuit around the push-button, and magnet Q, releases its
armature closing contacts 5 and 7, 5 establishing the operating circuit ready for
the next operation of the push-button and 7 closing the circuit through the stop
magnet F, between the main line conductors 2 and 3. The stop magnet F,
thus operates to move the catch J, releasing the link L, which allows the brake
lever D, to drop applying the brake, and this at the same time moves the
switch E, to break the contacts e, e, and close contacts e e¹, and the motor is
thus deprived of its power and the parts are in condition for operation again.
It will be seen that the brake magnet 1), is energized only a short time, its
function being to lift its core and its connected brake lever and operate the
switch, which being done the circuits of the motor are closed and the motor
operates until the operating circuit is broken by the floor-controller.
If push-button P is operated the same series of operations will take place,
except that brake magnet D¹, is energized, operating switch arm E³, and the
circuits through the motor are controlled so that it will operate in the proper
direction to bring the elevator to the desired floor, and it is not deemed necessary
to trace the circuits in detail.
It will be observed that the circuit of the stop magnet F is controlled by the
operating circuit through the magnet Q, and its armature, and this operating
circuit is controlled by the floor-controller M, moving in harmony with the
elevator. When a single phase motor is used the circuits are preferably arranged
as indicated in Fig. 12, the operation being identically the same as that described
in connection with Fig. 11, except that one main line conductor (1) is omitted
and the motor is provided with a starting device or controlled by the governor Gi

page_text: and the circuits of this governor are controlled by the contacts g³, g³, I'ʻ, I³, 9², ƒ³,
which are made and broken by the governor operating as herein before set forth.
In this arrangement the switches E, E³, are provided with more contacts, as
clearly shown, which contacts control the circuits not only through the motor
but through the motor governor G, as clearly indicated and, therefore, not
necessarily described in detail, it being understood that X and X indicato,
respectively, the inductive and non-inductive resistances controlled by the
governor G.
It is desirable and indeed necessary in order to render the operation of the
motor certain, since a single phase motor will run in either direction under the
action of a single phase current, its direction of rotation depending on the impulse
it receives at starting, to provide means whereby the motor must come to rest
and the starting contacts be established before the reversing switch is operated
after the stop operation has once been made. The governor switch G is therefore
provided with the contacts 97, 98, which are connected in the conductor 1 of
the push button or other control circuit, and it will be seen that when the catch G³,
of the governor is moved away from the arm G7, the control circuit 1 is broken
at the contacts gigs and the motor proceeds to operate in the proper direction
and cannot be interfered with by the operation of any of the push-buttons.
When, however, the motor stops and the contacts 97, 98, are closed and then the
reversing switch being first operated to determine the direction of operation of
the motor, the governor operates as before and again breaks. the control circuit.
It will thus be seen that an efficient apparatus or system is provided whereby
an alternating current motor can be controlled through the medium of a simple
push-button or other circuit-controller connected in an operative circuit and
arranged to automatically operate the circuit reversing switch of the motor and
at the same time and by the same means the brake device is also operated auto-
matically to release and apply the brake, and in the present instance the brake-
operating device is made the medium for controlling the circuit-reverser of the
motor so that the brake and motor are controlled in harmony with each other. So
also in connection with single phase motors, means are provided for controlling
the starting circuit of the motor, and these means are arranged to automatically
break the starting circuit when the motor attains sufficient speed to operate
without the aid of the starting circuit. In the operating circuit described it
will be observed that in order to operate the motor it is only necessary to press
the push-button or circuit-controller for an instant, when the motor will be
started and operate until automatically stopped by means of the floor-controller,
and while this is a preferable embodiment of the invention any other operating
circuit embodying controlling devices which shall control the switch to start,
stop and reverse the alternating current motor may be substituted for those shown.
It will also be observed that there has been described an improved construction
of the brake apparatus, and while this is found especially applicable for this
purpose it will be understood that the brake may be used in connection with
other devices and that other brake apparatus can be used in place of the one
described, the construction of the brake device not being herein claimed.
From the above description the general principles of the invention will be
readily understood by those skilled in the art and it will be understood that
the details of construction and arrangement of parts and circuits can be varied
to suit the requirements of any particular case.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
invention and in what manner the same is to. be performed, as communicated to
us by our foreign correspondents, we declare that what we claim. is:-
1. The combination with an alternating current motor, of a switch device con-
trolling the circuits of the motor, and an operating circuit for said switch device
including circuit-controllers whereby the movements of the alternating current
motor can be controlled by operating said controllers, substantially as described.

page_text: 2. The combination with an alternating current motor, of a switch device con-
trolling the circuits of the motor, a brake device for the motor, and an operating
circuit for said switch device including circuit-controllers whereby the move-
ments of the alternating current motor and brake can be controlled by operating
said controllers, substantially as described.
3. The combination with an alternating current motor, of a switch device
controlling the circuits of the motor, a governor controlling the starting circuits
of the motor and an operating circuit for said switch device including circuit-
controllers whereby the movements of the alternating current motor can be
controlled by operating said controllers, substantially as described.
4. The combination with an alternating current motor, of a switch device con-
trolling the circuits of the motor, a governor controlling the starting circuits
of the motor, a brake device for the motor, and an operating circuit for said switch
'device including circuit-controllers, whereby the movements of the alternating
current motor and brake can be controlled by operating said controllers, sub-
stantially as described.
5. The combination with an elevator operating mechanism, of an alternating
current motor, a switch device controlling the circuits of the motor and an
operating circuit for said switch device including circuit-controllers whereby the
movements of the elevator operating mechanism and motor can be controlled by
operating said controllers, substantially as described.
6. The combination with an elevator operating mechanism, of an alternating
current motor connected to operate the same, a switch device controlling the
circuits of the motor, a brake for the motor, and an operating circuit for said
-switch device including circuit-controllers whereby the movements of the alter-
nating current motor and brake are controlled by operating said controllers,
substantially as described.
7. The combination with an elevator operating mechanism of an alternating
current motor connected to operate the same, a switch device controlling the
circuits of the motor, and automatic means connected with the elevator operating
mechanism controlling the switch, substantially as described.
8. The combination with an elevator operating mechanism, of an alternating
current motor connected to operate the same, a switch device controlling the
circuits of the motor, a governor controlling the starting circuits of the. motor, an
operating circuit for said switch device including circuit-controllers, and auto-
matic means connected with the elevator operating mechanism controlling the
circuits of the motor, substantially as described.
9. The combination with a motor, of a switch device controlling the circuits
of the motor, a brake device for the motor, and connections between the brake
device and switch device for operating the same, substantially as described.
10. The combination with a motor, of a switch device controlling the circuits
of the motor, an électro-magnetic brake device for the motor, and connections
between the brake device and switch whereby the latter is controlled by the
brake-operating magnets, substantially as described.
11. The combination with a motor, of a switch device controlling the circuits
thereof, an electro-magnetic brake device, and connections between the brake
device and switch for operating the latter, the brake device being provided with
'a magnet for releasing the brake and closing the switch to start the motor and
with a stop magnet to apply the brake and stop the motor, substantially as
described.
12. The combination with a motor, of a switch device controlling the circuits
thereof, a governor controlling the starting circuits of the motor, an electro-
magnetic brake device for the motor said brake device being provided with a
magnet for releasing the brake and closing the circuit of the motor to start the
same and with devices for applying the brake and breaking the circuit of the
motor, substantially as described.
13. The combination with a motor, of a switch controlling the circuits of the

page_text: motor, an electro-magnetic brake device for the motor including a weighted lever,
a magnet connected to operate the lever, and a link connected to the lever and
operating the switch, substantially as described.
14. The combination with a motor, of a switch controlling the circuits of the
motor, an electro-magnetic brake device for the motor including a weighted
lever, a magnet the core of which is connected to move the lever, a link con-
nected to the lever for operating the switch, a catch connected to operate with
the link, and a stop device for releasing the catch, substantially as described.
15. The combination with a motor, of a switch controlling the circuits of the
motor, an electro-magnetic brake device for the motor, including a weighted lever,
a magnet the core of which is connected to move the lever, a link connected to the
lever for operating the switch, a catch controlling the link, and a stop magnet
for releasing the catch, substantially as described.
16. The combination with an alternating current motor, of a governor control-
ling the starting circuit of the motor said governor including a contact carrying
arm, a catch therefor, a compression spring and weighted arms, and connections
whereby the starting circuit of the motor is broken, substantially as described.
17. The combination with an alternating current motor, of a governor con-
trolling the starting circuit of the motor said governor including weighted arms,
a contact carrying arm, a spring actuated catch therefor, a compression spring,
an arm controlling the compression spring, and connections between the arm and
the weighted arms of the governor, substantially as described.
18. The combination with an alternating current motor, of a governor con-
trolling the starting circuit of the motor, said governor comprising weighted arms,
a spring contact, a contact carrying arm, a catch for the arm, a compression
spring, and connections between the compression spring and the weighted arms
of the governor, substantially as described.
19. The combination with an alternating current motor, of a governor con-
trolling the starting circuit of the motor and a circuit reversing switch operated
by a controlling circuit, said controlling circuit including contacts controlled by
the governor, substantially as described.
Dated this 13th day of June 1899
PHILIP M. JUSTICE,
Chartered Patent Agent, London,
For the Applicant.