Bobbins, Hanks, and other Aggregated Forms.
Year: 1888

page_text: Bobbins, Hanks, and other Aggregated Forms.
We, ALBERT HARMEL, MAURICE HARMEL, and FELIX HARMEL, all of Val des Bois,
Marne, France, Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to an apparatus for dyeing wool, and other fibre in bobbins
banks, and other aggregated forms, which apparatus consists mainly of a moveable
metallic framing having horizontal receptacles serving to receive the materials to bo
dyed and which are plunged or suspended in dyeing vats. The lower part of the
receptacles is suitably perforated over a certain portion of its surface, while the upper
part constitutes a reservoir resting upon the vat that contains the dyeing liquor.
This liquor is drawn from time to time from the bottom of the vat by a special
apparatus and is passed back into the said reservoir from which it again descends in
passing through the materials to be dyed and issues through the perforations of the
receptacles.
The continued filtration of the liquid through the materials to be dyed, caused by
the greater pressure of the column of liquid in the reservoir, during the whole of the
time necessary for the operation, insures the perfect and uniform dyeing of tho
materials contained in the apparatus.
The accompanying drawings show various arrangements of our apparatus the
principle of action being the same in all the arrangements, only the form of the metal
structure carrying the materials to be dyed being modified to suit the nature of
the work to be done.
The same letters of reference indicate parts having the same functions in all the
figures.
The apparatus shewn at Figs. 1, 2, and 3, is more particularly intended for the
dyeing of wool in bobbins when the dyeing operations are difficult and principally for
dyeing in strong colours. The metal structure carrying the bobbins consists of one
or more horizontal receptacles A of tubular form with either a circular, oval, or other
transverse section, having the one end hermetically closed while at the other they are

page_text: provided with a hermetically fitting cover B through which the materials to be dyed
are introduced and removed.
These receptacles are fixed to the bottom of a reservoir C by tubes D; the reservoir
rests upon the dye vat. E and is provided with metal loops F and cross bar G by
means of which the entire structure can be readily removed from the vat by means of
a crane or traveller in order to be placed upon another vat.
The bobbins may be compressed to a greater or less degree between the perforated
bottom of A and a curved perforated plate I by means of screws H. The screws H
carry covers K that can be pressed down upon the upper openings of the tubes D so
as to cut off the communication between the receptacles A and the reservoir C. The
apparatus for effecting the circulation of the dye-liquor from the bottom of the vat E
through the reservoir C and receptacles A consists of a cylindrical casing N connected
by a tube o to the vat E and having a branch pipe P at bottom connected to the
ascending pipe Q for convoying the liquor into the reservoir C.
A vertical shaft T carried in bearings in the upper and lower end covers R and S
is fixed by a disc U and cross bar V to a perforated cylinder X, and rapid rotary
motion is imparted to the shaft T and cylinder X by means of a shaft 1 with driving
pulley 2 and gearing Y Z. The liquor being delivered from the vat E by pipe O into
the open end of cylinder X the centrifugal action produced by the rotation of the
latter will cause the liquid to be forced up into the reservoir the casing N being
maintained full to produce perfect action..
In place of this apparatus may be employed a pump, injector or other suitable
liquid propelling apparatus, which may be attached to the vat by pipes L M, in caso
the apparatus above described should get out of order. The dyeing apparatus operates
as follows:-
The bobbins, suitably enclosed in canvas bags, having been introduced into the
receptacles A, the doors B are closed and by means of the screws H. the charge is
pressed down upon the perforated bottom so as to cover all the perforations.
The apparatus is then lowered into the vat E and the liquor circulating apparatus
is put in action as above described the raised liquor descending through the tubes D
and filtering through the charges contained in the receptacles from which it passes
back into the vat E, to be again raised into the reservoir C, and so on continuously
until the dyeing operation is completed.
A suitable steam heating apparatus not shown on the drawing, is employed in the
vat for maintaining the liquor at the required temperature. When the dyeing process
has to be carried out in several different baths, for example, for effecting the several
operations such as, mordanting, rinsing, colouring, fixing, washing, &c., the apparatus
containing the material is transported successively from one vat to another by means
of a crane or traveller, allowing it to remain in each vat a sufficient length of time to
be acted upon by the special liquid contained therein. The construction of the
apparatus greatly facilitates the effectual carrying out of these several operations in
rapid successions, moreover, as the operation is carried on in open vats at relatively
low pressures, and with the baths always in contact with the surrounding air, the
dyeing is effected very regular, without detriment to the materials to be dyed, which
retain their suppleness and assume brighter tints than in closed apparatus acting
under considerable pressure.
The supervision and manipulation of this apparatus are very simple although they
allow of the production of all colours, from the lightest and easiest tints to the most
complicated and powerful dyes. The apparatus may also be so modified as to act
under pressure.
For this purpose the reservoir C is provided with a hermetically closing cover the
liquor raised from the vat E being forced in under the requisite pressure. The screw
spindles H would in that case have to work through fluid tight stuffing boxes in the
cover. The number of receptacles A combined in one apparatus may be varied at
will, as may also their length, according to the quantity of bobbins required to be
contained therein; the apparatus shewn on the drawing has four receptacles, each
containing four bobbins; it can therefore treat sixteen bobbins at one time.

page_text: In case the number of bobbins to be dyed is not sufficient to fill the whole of the
receptacles A, as may be the case towards the end of a batch, the receptacles that do
not contain a charge are simply cut off from the liquor supply by closing the covers K
on the communicating pipe D.
Figs. 4, 5 and 6 show a modification of this apparatus, this arrangement. is.
particularly applicable to the dyeing of wool in bobbins when easy colours are to be
dyed. In this case the vat E is arranged to receive one or more reservoirs C, the
bottoms of which are formed into one or more longitudinal compartments A serving
as the tubular receptacles in the previous arrangement.
These compartments, of which the transverse section is of a U form, receive the
bobbins placed side by side, where they are held by moveable-perforated-plates-I-tho-
pressure of which is regulated by the screws H.
The semicircular portion of the compartments is suitably perforated over its entire
length, so as to allow the liquor descending from the upper part of the reservoir C to
issue into the vat E after penetrating through the bobbins, in order to be conveyed
back into the reservoir again through the pipe Q.
If it be desired to operate with exhaust in order to accelerate the dyeing process,
the reservoir C containing the bobbins (Fig. 7) may be made with flanges fitting air
tight upon the edges of the vat E.
Another modification is shewn at Figs. 8 and 9; in this case the apparatus_may_bo
used indifferently for dyeing bobbins, hanks, or other aggregated masses. For this
purpose the reservoir C is formed with a flat bottom, suitably perforated on which is
laid a layer of any desired thickness of the materials to be dyed, which may be
compressed more or less by the pressure of the screw H upon the perforated plate [.
For dyeing bobbins with this arrangement, theso are arranged with their flat sides on
the bottom of the reservoir, the interstices between them being filled in with
correspondingly formed plugs 4 of wood, metal, or other material. In either case the
materials confined between the bottom and the plate I are subjected to the action of
the dye liquor filtering through in desconding from the reservoir C into the vat E.
As in the preceding arrangements, the liquid is made to circulate from the vat back
into the reservoir by means of the forcing apparatus N.
The small sluice 5 shewn at Fig. 5 and the valve 6 shewn at Figs. 8 and 9 servo
for the entrance into the reservoir C of the liquor contained in tho vat E when the
former is lowered into the latter, the sluice or valve being closed during the operation
of dyeing.
The description of the mode of operation given with reference to the first arrange-
ment applies equally to the second and third arrangements.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we claim is :---
1. Apparatus for dyeing wool or other filamentous materials in bobbins, hanks, and
other aggregate forms, consisting of a metallic structure carrying receptacles for the
materials to be dyed immersed or suspended in dye vats the liquor of which is made
to circulate through the receptacles substantially as herein described.
2. The construction of apparatus herein described with reference to. Figs. 1, 2 and 3
for dyeing, wool in bobbins in sirong colours, having one or more horizontal
receptacles of tubulár form, closed at one end and provided at the other end with a
hermetically closing cover through which the materials to be dyed aro introduced
and removed, the apparatus being so arranged as to be readily removed from ono
vat to another.
3. The construction of apparatus herein described for circulating the dye liquor
through tho vat reservoir and receptacles consisting of a cylindrical casing containing
a revolving cylinder open at its upper end and perforated at its lower part,-tho-
liquor being made to pass from the vat into the cylinder so as to be propelled up
into the reservoir by the centrifugal action of the cylinder substantially as herein
described.

page_text: 4. Arranging the apparatus referred to in the preceding claims so as to be able to
operate under pressure by closing the top of the reservoir hermetically by a cover.
5. The construction of apparatus described with reference to figs. 5 and 6 applic-
able for dyeing in easy colours which apparatus may be arranged to operate with
vacuum below the receptacle for the bobbins by forming the reservoir with a flango
so as to close hermetically the top of the dye vat as shewn at Fig. 7.
6. The construction of apparatus described with reference to Figs. 8 and 9 for
dyeing materials either in bobbins, hanks; or other aggregated forms, wherein the
reservoir is formed with a flat perforated bottom, on which is spread a layer of the
material to be dyed this being subjected to pressure by means of a superposed
perforated plate.

page_text: We, ALBERT HARMEL, MAURICE HARMEL, and FELIX HARMEL, all of Val des Bois,
Marne, France, Manufacturers, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
This invention relates to an appliance for circulating liquors in apparatus for dyeing
wool, and other fibre in bobbins hanks, and other aggregated forms, which apparatus
consists mainly of a moveable metallic framing having horizontal receptacles serving
to receive the materials to be dyed and which are plunged or suspended in dyeing vats.
The lower part of the receptacles is suitably perforated over a certain portion of its
surface, while the upper part constitutes a reservoir resting upon the vat that contains
the dyeing liquor. This liquor is drawn from time to time from the bottom of the vat
by our special apparatus and is passed back into the said reservoir from which it again
descends in passing through the materials to be dyed and issues through the perfora-
tions of the receptacles.
The continued filtration of the liquid through the materials to be dyed, caused by
the greater pressure of the column of liquid in the reservoir, during the whole of the
time necessary for the operation, insures the perfect and uniform dyeing of the
naterials contained in the apparatus.
The accompanying drawings show various arrangements of dyeing apparatus the
principle of action being the same in all the arrangements, only the form of the metal
structure carrying the materials to be dyed being modified to suit the nature of
the work to be done.
The same letters of reference indicate parts having the same functions in all the
figures.
The apparatus shewn at Figs. 1, 2, and 3, is more particularly intended for the
dyeing of wool in bobbins when the dyeing operations are difficult and principally for
dyeing in strong colours. The metal structure carrying the bobbins consists of one
or more horizontal receptacles A of tubular form with either a circular, oval, or other
transverse section, having the one end hermetically closed while at the other they are
provided with a hermetically fitting cover B through which the materials to be dyed
are introduced and removed.

page_text: These receptacles are fixed to the bottom of a reservoir C by tubes D ; the reservoir
rests upon the dye vat E and is provided with metal loops F.and cross bar G by
means of which the entire structure can be readily removed from the vat by means of
a crane or traveller in order to be placed upon another vat.
The bobbins may be compressed to a greater or less degree between the perforated
bottom of A and a curved perforated plate I by means of screws H. The screws H
carry covers K that can be pressed down upon the upper openings of the tubes D so
as to cut off the communication between the receptacles A and the reservoir C. The
apparatus for effecting the circulation of the dye-liquor from the bottom of the vat E
through the reservoir C and receptacles A consists of a cylindrical casing N connected
by a tube o to the vat E and having a branch pipe P at bottom connected to the
ascending pipe for conveying the liquor into the reservoir C.
A vertical shaft T carried in bearings in the upper and lower end covers R and S
is fixed by a disc U and cross bar V to a perforated cylinder X, and rapid rotary
motion is imparted to the shaft T and cylinder X by means of a shaft 1 with driving
pulley 2 and gearing Y Z. The liquor being delivered from the vat E by pipe O into
the open end of cylinder X the centrifrugal action produced by the rotation of the
latter will cause the liquid to be forced up into the reservoir the casing N being
maintained full to produce perfect action.
The dyeing apparatus operates as follows:-
The bobbins, suitably enclosed in canvas bags, having been introduced into the
receptacles A, the doors B are closed and by means of the screws H the charge is
pressed down upon the perforated bottom so as to cover all the perforations.
The apparatus is then lowered into the vat E and the liquor circulating apparatus
is put in action as above described the raised liquor descending through the tubes D
and filtering through the charges contained in the receptacles from which it passes
back into the vat E, to be again raised into the reservoir C, and so on continuously
until the dyeing operation is completed.
A suitable steam heating apparatus not shown on the drawing, is employed in the
vat for maintaining the liquor at the required temperature. When the dyeing process
has to be carried out in several different baths, for example, for effecting the several
operations such as, mordanting, rinsing, colouring, fixing, washing, &c., the apparatus
containing the material is transported successively from ono vat to another by means
of a crane or traveller, allowing it to remain in each vat a sufficient length of time to
be acted upon by the special liquid contained therein. The construction of the
apparatus greatly facilitates the effectual carrying out of these several operations in
rapid successions, moreover, as the operation is carried on in open vats at relatively
low pressures, and with the baths always in contact with the surrounding air, the
dyeing is effected very regular, without detriment to the materials to be dyed, which
retain their suppleness and assume brighter tints than in closed apparatus acting
under considerable pressure.
The supervision and manipulation of this apparatus are very simple although they
allow of the production of all colours, from the lightest and easiest tints to the most
complicated and powerful dyes. The apparatus may also be so. modified as to act
under pressure.
•
For this purpose the reservoir C is provided with a hermetically closing cover the
liquor raised from the vat E being forced in under the requisite pressure. The screw
spindles H would in that case have to work through fluid tight stuffing boxes in the
cover. The number of receptacles A combined in one apparatus may be varied at
will, as may also their length, according to the quantity of bobbins required to be
contained therein; the apparatus shewn on the drawing has four receptacles, each
containing four bobbins ; it can therefore treat sixteen bobbins at one time.
In case the number of bobbins to be dyed is not sufficient to fill the whole of the
receptacles A, as may be the case towards the end of a batch, the receptacles that do
not contain a charge are simply cut off from the liquor supply by closing the covers K
on the communicating pipe D.
Figs. 4, 5 and 6 shew a modification of this apparatus, this arrangement is

page_text: particularly applicable to the dyeing of wool in bobbins when easy colours are to be
dyed. In this case the vat E is arranged to receive one or more reservoirs C, the
bottoms of which are formed into one or more longitudinal compartments A serving
as the tubular receptacles in the previous arrangement.
These compartments, of which the transverse section is of a U form, receive the
bobbins placed side by side, where they are held by moveable perforated plates I the
pressure of which is regulated by the screws H.
The semicircular portion of tho compartments is suitably perforated over its entiro
length, so as to allow the liquor descending from the upper part of the reservoir C to
issue into the vat E after penetrating through the bobbins, in order to be conveyed
back into the reservoir again through the pipe Q.
If it be desired to operate with exhaust in order to accelerate the dyeing process,
the reservoir C containing the bobbins (Fig. 7) may be made with flangos fitting air
tight upon the edges of the vat E.
Another modification is shewn at Figs. 8 and 9; in this case the apparatus may be
used indifferently for dyeing bobbins, hanks, or other aggregated masses. For this
purpose the reservoir C is formed with a flat bottom, suitably perforated on which is
laid a layer of any desired thickness of the materials to be dyed, which may be
compressed more or less by the pressure of the screw H upon the perforated plate I.
For dyeing bobbins with this arrangement, these are arranged with their flat sides on
the bottom of the reservoir, the interstices between them being filled in with
correspondingly formed plugs 4 of wood, metal, or other material. In either case the
materials confined between the bottom and the plate I are subjected to the action of
the dye liquor filtering through in descending from the reservoir C into the vat E.
As in the preceding arrangements, the liquid is made to circulate from the vat back
into the reservoir by means of the forcing apparatus N.
The small sluice 5 shewn at Fig. 5 and the valve 6 shown at Figs. 8 and 9 serve
for the entrance into the reservoir C of the liquor contained in the vat E when the
former is lowered into the latter, tho sluice or valve being closed during the operation
of dyeing:
The description of the mode of operation given with reference to the first arrange-
ment applies equally to the second and third arrangements.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of this invention and
in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that we make no claim to
apparatus for dyeing wool or other filamentous materials in bobbins, hanks, and
other aggregate forms, consisting of a metallic structure carrying receptacles for the
materials to be dyed immersed or suspended in dye vats the liquor of which is made
to circulate through the receptacles, nor to the construction of apparatus herein
described with reference to the drawings for dyeing wool in bobbins in strong colours,
having one or more horizontal receptacles of tubular form, closed at one end and
provided at the other end with a hermetically closing cover through which the
materials to be dyed are introduced and removed, but what we claim is
The construction of apparatus herein described for circulating the dye liquor
through the vat reservoir and receptacles consisting of a cylindrical casing containing
a revolving cylinder open at its upper end and perforated at its lower part, the
liquor being made to pass from the vat into the cylinder so as to be propolled up
into the reservoir by the centrifugal action of the cylinder substantially as herein
described.
1000
ABEL & IMRAY,.
Agents for the Applicants.