matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
AN IMPROVED KNIFE AND FORK REST
Year: 1884

page_text: I, JOHN CLARK of Broomhill House Broompark Circus, Dennistoun, Glasgow,
in the County of Lanark North Britain, Gentleman do hereby declare the nature
of my invention for "AN IMPROVED KNIFE AND FORK REST" to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the construction of an improved knife and fork rest to
be used upon a dining or other table.
The rest consists of a bridge or raised portion fixed or resting upon a base or
flat plate, the said plate being for the purpose of receiving any droppings from the
knife or fork and so protecting the table or table cloth.
The protecting plate of the rest may be of rectangular, oval, or other shape and
the parts of the rest may be constructed of silver or other metal or material or of
china or partly of china and the protecting plate may also be used as a tablet for
the menu.

page_text: I, JOHN CLARK of Broomhill House, Broompark Circus Dennistoun, Glasgow
in the County of Lanark North Britain Gentleman do hereby declare the nature
of my invention for AN IMPROVED KNIFE AND FORK REST and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by
the following statement:-
My said Invention which relates to an improved knife and fork rest consists as
shown in the drawing in the employment of an under plate A in combination with
the bridge B of an ordinary rest for the purpose of protecting the table cloth from
drops falling from the knife, fork or spoon placed upon the bridge of the rest.
The bridge is preferably fixed upon the edge of the under plate or in the position
shown in the drawing so as to give as large a covering to the cloth at that part
where the grease is likely to fall, as is compatible with the appearance or con-
venience of the. improved rest upon the table. The bridge may have the forms
commonly used in ordinary rests and the under plate. may be of any suitable
shape or configuration. The whole of the rest may be of metal such as silver or
silver plate or of china or other material or the rest may be of different metals; or
materials for instance the bridge may be of silver and the under plate of china
or glass either plain glass or mirror glass and when the under plate is of china or
other suitable material the said plate inay be conveniently used for the menu.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
An under or protecting plate in combination with the bridge of an ordinary
knife rest.
AN IMPROVEMENT IN NEWSPAPERS BY WHICH THE PRESERVATION OF A PORTION THEREOF IN THE FORM OF A BOOK IS FACILITATED
Year: 1884

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
I GEORGE EUSTACE SELIROS of N° 82. Mortimer Street Cavendish Square in
the County of Middlesex Publisher do hereby declare the nature of my Invention
for "AN IMPROVEMENT IN NEWSPAPERS BY WHICH THE PRESERVATION OF A
PORTION THEREOF IN THE FORM OF A BOOK IS FACILITATED" to be as
follows:-
"
At the present time it is very common to publish as part of a daily journal a
romance or other matter in chapters continued over many numbers. The matter
so published has frequently more than a temporary interest.
The object of my Invention is to admit of this portion of a journal being readily
detached from the remainder and preserved for binding.
For this purpose I arrange the matter to be preserved in the form of the pages
of a book and I print the journal in such manner that when the journal is folded
the book like pages are all at the lower left hand corner of the journal the one
over the other. Then all around this part of the journal. I-produce lines along
which the journal can be divided. Preferably these lines consist of a series of
perforations passing through all the sheets of the journal. All outside the lines
can then be torn or cut off and thrown away when done with whilst the pages
within the lines containing the matter of permanent interest can be preserved and
bound up separately into a book.

page_text: rest of the printed matter by lines along which the newspaper may be readily
divided in such manner as to detach from the rest the book-like part substantially
as described.
DAL
1604
AN IMPROVEMENT IN VOLTAIC BATTERIES
Year: 1884

page_text: I, ROBERT APPLEGARTH, of 11 Queen Victoria Street, in the City of London,
Engineer do hereby declare the nature of my Invention for "AN IMPROVEMENT
IN VOLTAIC BATTERIES" to be as follows:-
My Invention consists in a vessel of carbon of cylindrical or any other suitable
shape, grooved, fluted or corrugated inside, or outside, or both and intended, while
holding the exciting liquid or electrolyte, to serve also as the negative electrode,
the purpose of grooving, fluting, or corrugating the carbon vessel as aforesaid being
to increase the active surface thereof in a manner similar to that described in the
Specification of my Patent for fluted, ribbed, grooved, or corrugated carbon plates
bearing date the 19th day of June 1883, and numbered 3026. Any number of
these carbon vessels may be arranged inside one another with intermediate anodes
or positive elements so as to form a powerful battery in a very small space.

page_text: I, ROBERT APPLEGARTH of 11 Queen Victoria Street, in the City of London,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVE-
MENT IN VOLTAIC BATTERIES" and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement :--
My Invention consists in a vessel of carbon, of cylindrical or any other suitable
shape, grooved, fluted or corrugated inside or outside or both and intended, while
holding the exciting liquid or electrolyte, to serve also as the negative electrode, the
purpose of grooving fluting or corrugating the carbon vessel as aforesaid being to
increase the active surface thereof in a manner similar to that described in the
Specification of my Patent for fluted, ribbed, grooved or corrugated carbon plates,
bearing date the 19th day of June 1883, and numbered 3026.
Any number of these carbon vessels may be arranged inside one another with
intermediate anodes or positive elements so as to form a powerful battery in a very
small space.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
Grooved, ribbed, fluted or corrugated carbon vessels, constructed, arranged, and
operating as hereinbefore described and for the purposes set forth.
Dated this 20th day of Anost 1881
W. H. BECK,
Agent for the Applicant,
115, Cannon Street, London.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FURNITURE & commu- nication
Year: 1884

page_text: I ALFRED JAMES BICKMORE of Walter A Barlow's Patent Agency 6 St Paul's
Churchyard in the city of London Engineer do hereby declare the nature of my
invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF FURNITURE & commu-
nication to me from abroad by Emile Semal Manufacturer of Nivelles Belgium
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement:—
This invention relates to certain improvements in the construction of furniture
and has for its object the rapid and cheap construction of same.
According to this invention this mode of putting together the different parts
constituting a piece of furniture is completely changed by making their connection
by forming the angles in such a way as to be made to receive pannels.
I usually employ iron tubing for making the frames and angles which is suitable
on account of its lightness.
In the drawings Figs 1 and 2 are face and plan views of a piece of furniture
constructed according to this invention Fig 3 a side view Fig 4 is a like view to
Fig 1 but with the pannel removed from the frame Fig 5 shows a bedstead
constructed according to this invention.
In Fig 1 A, A¹ are two tubes of metal forming between them a right angle and
held together by means of a metal screw C passing through the tube A and taking
into an internally screwed piece provided for the purpose in the end of the tube AT
Pieces of wood B are attached to the tubes A, A¹ within the angle thus formed
by means of nails or screws. These pieces B may also be made of metal and form
the frame to receive the pannels.
On the sides opposite to those which are attached to the tube these pieces B are
provided with grooves d into which the pannels D will take.
In Fig 5 the tube A is prolonged and forms the feet of the bedstead and castora
can be fitted thereto.
It will be seen from the foregoing description that furniture made according to
this invention can be easily taken to pieces and put together again.

page_text: This system of construction can also be employed in all kinds of construction
such as doors, parquetay and so forth.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
The system of construction of pannelled furniture doors and other like joinery as
above described consisting of tubes of metal joined together and forming between
them any desired angle which serves to receive the frame in which the pannels take
as shown by the drawings.
WALTER A. BARLOW,
6, St. Paul's Churchyard, E.C.,
Agent for Alfred James Bickmore.
IMPROVEMENTS IN INTERNAL STOPPERS FOR BOTTLES
Year: 1884

page_text: "
I, WILLIAM FROGGATT, of the Town and County of the Town of Nottingham,
Mineral Water Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of my Invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN INTERNAL STOPPERS FOR BOTTLES," and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement:-
This Invention has for its object the improvement of conical pistons described
in the Specification of a former Patent, granted to me for "Improvements in
Internal Stoppers for Bottles," dated June 28th 1882, N° 3401.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS.
Figure 1 is an enlarged sectional view of an internal stopper, provided with an
improved piston, shewing the relative position of the several parts when the
stopper is in use.
Figure 2, is a plan of the same.
Figure 3, an enlarged sectional view shewing the several parts, when the piston
has been depressed to unstop the bottle.
Figures 4, is an edge view and plan of the improved stopper, and
Figures 5, a side view and plan of the same.
The stopper shewn at Figures 1, 2 and 3 consists of a cylinder A rececced near
the bottom on its circumference to receive an india-rubber washer B which is
forced by the pressure of the gas or air within, upon the interior of the neck of
the bottle, the cylinder is perforated to receive an inverted conically shaped piston C
baving two flat sides, the piston is grooved near its narrow lower end and provided
with an india-rubber washer D, which when in use is forced by the pressure of the
gas or air within the bottle up to a seat formed by a recess in the lower end of
the cylinder thereby effectually preventing the escape of either gas or liquid from
the bottle. To unstop the bottle provided with a stopper having a conical flat
sided piston, it is only necessary to employ a slight pressure of the finger upon the
piston, to depress the washer to the position shewn at Figure 3 to allow the
superfluous gas to escape through the perforated cylinder past the washer D and
arround the flat sided conical piston, and the stopper instantly falls to the bottom
of the bottle.
The advantages are as follows:-
First. The weight of the conical flat sided piston is reduced one third, and the
niston is collodincting Second The frictional on face of its outer circumference

page_text: is reduced one balf. Third. The confined gas is enabled to escape in two thirds
less time than with the piston described in the Specification of my former Patent,
and Fourth. The piston being one third less in weight, the confined gas holds it up
with greater force, when the bottle is placed in a vertical position.
Having now particularly described and ascertained iny said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed.
I claim for the conical flat sided plunger in internal stoppers for bottles
substantially as hereinbefore described and illustrated in the Drawings annexed.
AN IMPROVED FIRE AND WATER PROOF MATERIAL FOR ROOFING, SHEATHING AND LIKE PURPOSES
Year: 1884

page_text: I, DAVID HUNTER BRANDON of the firm of Brandon and Sons, of 114a Queen
Victoria Street E.C. London and 1 rue Laffitte Paris, France, Engineers and Patent
Agents, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for AN IMPROVED FIRE
AND WATER PROOF MATERIAL FOR ROOFING, SHEATHING AND LIKE PURPOSES,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
This Invention has for its object the production of a suitable material for roofing,
sheathing, and other purposes when a fire and water proof material is desired, and
this Invention consists essentially in a material composed of asbestos molded or
formed into boards or sheets treated in succession with silicate of soda and chloride
of calcium.
Figure 1, of the Drawing represents a building roofed and sided with this
improved material.
Figure 2, a section taken through part of the roof at x.
Figure 3, a section taken through the side at y.
To adapt ordinary asbestos board or paper made in usual manner for the purposes
herein provided for I treat the same first with silicate of soda preferably applying
the same by means of a brush, and thereafter I treat the material thus prepared
with chloride of calcium, the two materials thus applied in succession in a liquid
state more or less saturating the asbestos board or paper, and forming a surface
upon it, which is practically fire and waterproof, the said silicate of soda and
chloride of calcium preferably entering the joints in the roof or sides between
contiguous pieces of asbestos board or paper.
The fire and water proof material may be composed of narrow boards as at a,
having their edges suitably overlapped as shown in Figure 2, or the edges of the
material may be abutted together more or less closely and be covered by a batten b,
as shown in Figure 3, and the parts may be nailed or screwed to the frame of the
building in usual manner, or the edges may be overlapped as usual in clap-boarding
and shingling.
This improved material may be shaped to resemble shingles or clap-boards.

page_text: In applying the silicate of soda, I usually reduce it to about one half its usual.
strength as in such condition it better penetrates the paper and incorporates itself
with the asbestos, but the chloride of calcium is preferably of standard strength,
and the chloride of calcium is applied when the silicate of soda is partially dried.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
"
1. The herein described. roofing or sheathing composed of asbestos board or
paper, treated with silicate of soda, and with chloride of calcium, substantially as
described.
Dated this Sixth day of May 1884.
D. H. BRANDON,
Agent,
144ª, Queen Victoria Street,
London, E.C.
AN IMPROVED CHAIN LINK CONSTRUCTED WITH A VIEW OF CONNECTING AND DISCONNECTING SUCH LINKS WITH AND FROM EACH OTHER to be as follows
Year: 1884

page_text: I EDWARD NUNAN of 166 Fleet Street in the city of London Gentleman do
hereby declare the nature of my said invention for "AN IMPROVED CHAIN LINK
CONSTRUCTED WITH A VIEW OF CONNECTING AND DISCONNECTING SUCH LINKS
WITH AND FROM EACH OTHER to be as follows:-
"
The object of this invention is to manufacture links for chains in such a manner
that each eye or end of each link exactly corresponds and is formed with chamfered
or inclined edged notches on both sides near the shoulder or neck as to permit of
another link with similar notches being passed into the eye or end and the two be
thereby linked together. Any number of such links may be put together to form
a chain of any desired length or said chain can be lengthened or shortened at will.
Chains formed of my links are particularly suitable for tricycles lathe and other
gear and as endless or hauling chains for mechanism and machines of all kinds.
Dated this 19th day of April 1884
H. GARDNER,
Agent for the Applicant.

page_text: I EDWARD NUNAN of 166 Fleet Street in the city of London Gentleman do
hereby declare the nature of my said invention for "AN IMPROVED CHAIN LINK
CONSTRUCTED WITH A VIEW OF CONNECTING AND DISCONNECTING SUCH LINKS
WITH AND FROM EACH OTHER," and in what manner the same is to be
performed to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
The object of this invention is to manufacture links for chains in such a manner
that each eye or end A A' of ench link B C exactly corresponds and is formed with
chamfered or inclined edged notches D on both sides near the shoulder or neck E
as to permit of another link C with other or similar notches being passed into the
eye or end and the two be thereby linked together. Any number of such links
may be put together to form a chain of any desired length or said chain can be
lengthened or shortened at will. Chains-formed_of_my_links_are_particularly
suitable for tricycles, lathe and other gear and as endless or hauling chains for
mechanism and machines of all kinds.
Figures 1 and 2 of the annexed drawings represent two links of a chain made
according to my invention. Figure 3 shows the link connecting two ropes, this
form would be used for the bands on the speed pulleys of lathes and for similar
purposes. Figure 4 shows the shamfer in dotted lines.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
The improved chain link having chamfered notches so that any number of such
links may be connected and disconnected when the four sides of the notches are
adjacent as described and substantially as shown in the annexed drawings.
T
100K
H. GARDNER,
166, Fleet Street, London,
Agent for Edward Nuuan.
IMPROVEMENTS IN UMBRELLAS AND SUNSHADES
Year: 1884

page_text: I, RICHARD PAWSON, of 15 Monkwell Street, in the City of London, Manufac
turer do hereby declare the nature of my invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
UMBRELLAS AND SUNSHADES" to be as follows:-
apply to the tip of each rib of the Umbrella or Sunshade a "mould" or
ornament made of wood or other suitable material, and covered with silk, cotton,
wool, jute or other suitable material, coloured or otherwise. I also sometimes place
a similar ornament on the top of the stick of the Umbrella or Sunshade. If these
ornaments are coloured I prefer to have them of the same colour as that of the
lining of the umbrella or sunshade, or of the colour which is complementary
thereto.
1007

page_text: I, RICHARD PAWSON, of 15 Monkwell Street, in the City of London, Manufac-
turer do hereby declare the nature of my invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
UMBRELLAS AND SUNSHADES" and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement
I apply to the tip of each rib of the Umbrella or Sunshade a "mould" or
ornament made of wood or other suitable material, and covered with silk, cotton,
wool, jute, or other suitable material, coloured or otherwise. I also sometimes place
a similar ornament on the top of the stick of the umbrella or sunshade. If these
ornaments are coloured, I prefer to have them of the same colour as that of the
lining of the Umbrella or Sunshade, or of the colour which is complementary
thereto. I also sometimes insert in the grooves of the ribs and stretchers strips of
chenille, or floss silk, or other suitable material, coloured similarly to the ornaments
above mentioned.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my invention,
and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is :—
The novelty of placing ornaments in the positions above described, corresponding
in colour with that of the lining of umbrellas and sunshades, or being of that colour
which is complementary thereto.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OVENS
Year: 1884

page_text: I, WILLIAM SMITH, of Barnard Castle, in the County of Durham, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of my Invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN OVENS and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement and accompanying Drawing (that is
to say):
-
My Invention relates to that class of oven known as the Yorkshire hot air oven
and consists in fixing a hot plate on the top of the oven which is provided with two
wings underneath it to divide the heat, smoke, and other products of combustion
which causes the heat to be equably distributed over the body of the oven and
conducts the heat to the underside of hot plate which can be used to cook upon;
and also in providing a scraper to work underneath the wings to scrape off any
soot that may accumulate upon the top and sides of the oven body.
The accompanying Drawing is in illustration of my Invention.
Figure 1 is a front view showing oven front and hot plate.
Figure 2 is a side view.
Figure 3 shows the back of oven.
aa, is the front of oven, b, is the hot plate which is provided with two wings, c c,
which rest on the body of the oven, e, at the point, d, as showing in Figure 2.
and 3. F F, is the scraper which works underneath the wings cc, The damper i
is to regulate the heat of the oven which is worked by the knob, h, the knobs, g g,
are for working the scraper. the action of the oven constructed and arranged as
described is as follows The fire and products of combustion entering at the bottom
of the oven body, e, passes up each side of it untill it meets the wings, c c, which
divert the heat to the front of oven, a a, and passes underneath the hot plate, b,
and passes the damper, i, into the chimney.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I, declare that what
I claim is,
First. The wings for diverting the heat substantially as and for the purpose
described and shown.
Second. In combination with the wings the scraper working underneath them
substantially as and for the purpose described and shown.
Third. The general arrangement of the oven substantially as described and
shown.
Dated this 97th day of May 1884.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BELL CRANKS BELL PULLS, BELL LEVERS AND BELL CARRIAGES AND THE LIKE
Year: 1884

page_text: I GEORGE HURDLE of N° 28 Hanover Buildings in the Town and county of
the Town of Southampton Gas fitter, do hereby declare the nature of my invention
for IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BELL CRANKS BELL PULLS, BELL
LEVERS AND BELL CARRIAGES AND THE LIKE to be as follows:-
The object of my invention is to facilitate the hanging of Bells by the
substitution of a pin and flange for the holes now in use thus removing the
constant fracture to Bell wires and thereby effecting such an improvement as
enables the workman to work in a free and uncramped position so that all ties
may be readily completed before attaching them to the cranks and the ties are
then slipped over the flange onto the pin the wire being kept from slipping off by
the flange, and in the ovent of a crank becoming "set" it enables the wires to be
disconnected without cutting them and the workman can by this arrangement hang
two or more Bells in the time it would occupy (as practised now) to hang one.
It will therefore be readily seen that a wire working on a round smooth pin must
be greatly superior to working on a sharp edge as in the case of holes as now used
Bells hung in this way will last as long again and at much less cost.

page_text: My improvements consist in the substitution of a round pin and flange-for-the-
hole as at present used for the attachment of the wire-thereby permitting work
to be more readily effected, and ensuring greater certainty in the durability of the
wire which will work on a round pin instead of as at present in holes having 1
sharp edges. The flanges-are-to-prevent the wire from slipping off the pins, and
may, if desired, be made crescent shaped so as to facillitate the attachment, or
passing over, of the loop or tie in the wire.
Having now particularly-described-and-ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what-1
I claim is
1. The substitution of pins and flanges or other like arrangement for holes as
at present in use-the pins to support the wires, and the flanges to maintain the
same in their proper position on the pins, so as to prevent their slipping off.
2. The adaptation of pins and flanges or other suitable arrangements of like 2
character in substitution of holes as at present in use for bell-cranks, bell-pulls,
bell-levers, bell-carriages, and the like, as shown in Figure 1 of the accompanying
drawings.
Dated this (20th) twentieth day of Ma
ADA 'thousand night hundund
AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF FRAMES FOR BICYCLES
Year: 1884

page_text: I, AUGUSTIN FIDDES of Lewin's Mead, Bristol, Gloucester, Engineer do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention for AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF FRAMES
FOR BICYCLES to be as follows:-
The object of my Invention is to so construct the frame of a bicycle that the
usual backbone is dispensed with and also the fork as a separate article for the
front wheel.
For the purpose of my Invention I form the fork as part of the main frame, and
from where the front wheel is centred by a bearing or socketed joint I extend it
down to the rear and attach the small wheel to it, said small wheel being like a
castor wheel for steering purposes under the control of cords and rods from about
where the handles are arranged.
The saddle is supported at the upper part of the main frame assisted by angled
rods as desired.

page_text: I AUGUSTIN FIDDES of Lewin's Mead, Bristol, Gloucester, Engineer, do hereby
declare the nature of my said invention for "AN IMPROVED CONSTRUCTION OF
FRAMES FOR BICYCLES," and in what manner the same is to be performed to bo
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
The object of my invention is to so construct the frame of a bicycle that the
usual backbone is dispensed with and also the fork as a separate articlo for the
front wheel.
For the purpose of my invention which is shown in the annexed drawings
Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 I form the fork as part of the main frame A and from
where the front wheel B is centred by a boaring or socketed joint I extend the
framo A down to the rear and attach the small wheel D to it, said small wheel
being like a castor wheel for steering purposes under the control of cords E E and
rods F F from about where the handles G G are arranged.
The saddle H is supported at the upper part of the inain frame on 1 a bar or
rod J projecting from the frame formed on a separate head piece K which is secured
by a bolt to the upper part of the fork portion of the frame A. The head piece K
has on a rounded part of the face vertical teeth into which gear similar teeth on
the centre or boss L of the handle bars M M. Connected by a ball joint or in any
suitable manner to the handle bars M M are the steering rods F F to which are
attached the cords E E from the fork of the small wheel D. In steering the
handles are manipulated in the ordinary way but since the freedom of their
movement is limited by the weight of the rider and the saddle, the machine is
much more under control.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is :-
The improved bicyclo hereinbefore described and shown in which the backbone
is dispensed with, and the fork made part of the main frame with an extension on
each side of the large wheel towards and meeting at or near the fork of the small
wheel as and for the purposes set forth.
The 93rd day of January 1885
H. GARDNER,
166, Fleet Street, London,
Agent for the said A. Fiddes.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BOXES
Year: 1884

page_text: We, THOMAS TOOGOOD and JAMES TOOGOOD of 35, 36 & 37 Mount Street,
Berkeley Square in the county of Middlesex, Glass Manufacturers do hereby
declare the nature of our invention for IMPROVEMENTS IN BOXES and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement :-
Grooves are intended to be cut vertically on the sides of the boxes and a
corresponding groove across the top of the lids; or, notches may be cut at the
angles of the tops and the bottoms of the boxes and corresponding notches on the
opposite sides. The boxes may be effectually closed or sealed by means of a cord or
band passed vertically over the box, which cord or band is retained in its place by
the grooves or notches.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed we declare that what
we claim is :-
1st Constructing boxes each with longitudinal grooves in the sides joined by a
cross groove in the lid for the purpose hereinbefore stated.
.
2nd Constructing boxes each with notches at corresponding parts of lid & bottom
for the purpose herein before stated:
THOMAS TOOGOOD.
JAMES TOOGOOD.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN LININGS FOR GARMENTS
Year: 1884

page_text: +1
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION.
ན་
I WILLIAM JACKSON of 106 Denbigh Street in the County of Middlesex,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of said invention for IMPROVE-
MENTS IN LININGS FOR GARMENTS, to be as follows:-
This invention relates to linings or paddings for garments, and it consists in the
employment and arrangement of two or more sheets of cork in combination with
textile fabrics.
In performing the invention, I take two or more sheets of cork and build up a
suitable thickness of the same, and interpose between each, or between a series of..
such sheets, cloth, linen, silk, cotton, woollen, hempen or other fabric, fastening all
together by stitching, quilting, or I 'may use any suitable composition for causing
the cork and fabric to adhere, and with the cork material made as above I manu-
facture linings for garments, whereby they may be rendered buoyant and warm.

page_text: DELICATION.
I, WILLIAM JACKSON of 106 Denbigh Street in the County of Middlesex,
Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of my invention for IMPROVEMENTS
IN LININGS FOR GARMENTS, and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be
particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
--
This invention relates to linings or paddings for garments and it consists in the
employment and arrangement of two or more sheets of cork in combination with
textile fabrics.
In performing the invention I take two or more thin sheets of cork and build up
a suitable thickness of the same, and interpose between each or between a series of
such sheets, cloth, linen, silk, cotton, woollen, hempen or other fabric, fastening each
and all together by adhesive material or by stitching, or using any suitable com-
position for causing the cork and fabric to adhere. Or I take the cork sheets built
up as above and cut them into narrow strips or threads and weave or knit such
threads with textile materials and so form linings-and with the material either in
a sheet form or woven or knitted I manufacture linings for garments whereby they
may be rendered buoyant and warm.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
The improved linings for garments made from sheets or strips of cork combined
with textile fabrics or materials substantially as and for the purposes herein
described and set forth.
IMPROVEMENTS IN BELTING
Year: 1884

page_text: "
I RICHARD LEOPOLD KIRLEW of Manchester in the County of Lancaster Manager
do bereby declare the nature of my Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BELTING
to be as follows:-
I weave hemp, flax, jute or cotton yarns or combination of any two or more of
these yarns into a tubular form or seamless Hose-Into the tube so woven
I introduce India rubber of such proportions as may be necessary, I then pass the
tube through rollers which flatten and cause the sides to adhere together then
I cover the outside with a coating of India rubber-And after vulcanişing in
ordinary way I so produce a belting much stronger and more durable than has
hitherto been practicable.

page_text: "
RICHARD LEOPOLD KIRLEW of Manchester in the County of Lancaster, Manager,
do hereby declare the nature of my invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BELTING
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and
ascertained in and by the following statement :-
I weave hemp, flax, jute or cotton yarns or combination of any two or more of
these yarns into a tubular form or seamless Hose. Into the tube so woven
I introduce India Rubber of such proportions as may be necessary, I then pass the
tube through rollers which flatten and cause the sides to adhere together then
I cover the outside with a coating of India Rubber. And after vulcanizing in
ordinary way I so produce a belt much stronger and more durable than has hitherto
been practicable.
When preparing the woven material or Hose I prefer to use lengths of one
hundred (100) yards or less and placing sufficient quantity of the "dough" or
plastic rubber in at one end to do the entire length, I then proceed to place the end
in which the rubber has been passed between rollers and by means of the pressure
thus gained force the rubber along the tube or hose and at the same time cause the
two inside surfaces to adhere together.
In finishing I coat or cover the entire length outside with India Rubber, by
rolling out the "
dough" in a sheet and then wrapping or folding it over the
material so as to be entirely covered. I then pass the whole in stages of ten or
twelve feet at a time through a press heated by steam and thus vulcanize the
entire length in the ordinary way.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is:
A belting for machinery consisting of a woven seamless tube filled and covered
with India-rubber and flattened by passing between rollers substantially as
described.
Dated this 2nd day of October 1884.
Improvements in the Manufacture of Buttons from Horn or Stone Nut (Petrocarya) with Inserted or Inlaid Metallic Plate or Metallic Fabric.
Year: 1884

page_text: Improvements in the Manufacture of Buttons from Horn or
Stone Nut (Petrocarya) with Inserted or Inlaid Metallic
Plate or Metallic Fabric.
[{
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
I GEORGE DOWNING of 8 Quality Court Chancery Lane in the County of
Middlesex Patent Agent do hereby declare the nature of my Invention for
'IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BUTTONS FROM HORN OR STONE NUT
(PETROCARYA) WITH INSERTED OR INLAID METALLIC PLATE OR METALLIC FABRIC
and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described
and ascertained in and by the following statement :-
"
My Invention relates to improvements in the manufacture of buttons from horn
or stone nut (petrocarya) with inserted decorated or plain polished metallic plate
or metallic fabric or a combination of both.
The upper outer surface of the horn or stone nut (petrocarya) buttons are
provided with a polished, colored or otherwise decorated metallic disc or plate or
with a polished or decorated disc surmounted by a disc of metallic fabric such as
colored bronze nickel or other metallic gauge which said disc or plates are attached
to the button in the manner described in the following description of the Figures-
Figure 1 is a view of the upper surface of a button.
Figure 2 is a section of the button alone, and
Figure 8 a section showing the method of attaching the plate or the plate and
fabric.
A groove b is formed in the raised edge or annular border of the button a in
which the polished or decorated disc or plate c of a disc of metallic fabric of like
or aimilar form with the metallic disc is inserted-Or a disc of colored, polished
or decorated metal can be laid in the cavity or recess d and the metallic fabric
placed over the same.
The arched metallic disc or plate or the arched metallic fabric after having been
placed in position in the front surface of the button is or are subjected to pressure
so that the said metallic disc or discs or the said disc or arched plate of metallic
fabric is flattened somewhat and thus forced into the groove b so that the said disc
or discs are firmly held in position in the said groove b.

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is :-
The manufacture of horn or stone nut (petrocarya) buttons with inlaid decorated
colored or polished metallic plate or disc or with a disc of metallic fabric or both
combined whereby the said disc c is so pressed into the groove b that the said disc
or discs are firmly held in position substantially as set forth in the foregoing
Specification and shown in the accompanying Drawings."
sin
IMPROVEMENTS IN LUBRICANTS
Year: 1884

page_text: I, JOHN HOPKINSON of 6 Granville Terrace, Frizinghall in the County of York,
Manager of Soap Works do hereby declare the nature of my invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN LUBRICANTS to be as follows:-
The object of this invention is to obtain a lubricant for Engine Cylinders from
the brown grease which is a residual product obtained in the ordinary way from
the sud which has been used in the process of wool washing.
I take this brown grease and treat the same with successive portions of methy-
luted spirit or other suitable solvent: by this means I obtain a fat very suitable
for lubricating Engine Cylinders or other similar purposes on account of its great
viscosity and non-corrosiveness. Hitherto for such purposes the be-t lubricant for
cylinders and crank shaft necks having a tendency to heat has been castor oil, the
viscosity of my lubricant is in excess of that of castor oil and can be made much
cheaper.
WAUGH & CHAPMAN,
Agents for the Applicant..

page_text: The object of this invention is to obtain-a-lubricant-for-steam engine cylinders,
from the brown grease which is a residual product obtained in the ordinary way
from the sud which has been used in the process of wool washing.
I accomplish my object by taking the brown grease, the fatty product of wool
washing or scouring, which must be perfectly free from water and mineral acids;
and introduce it into a still into which is also placed-a-quantity-of-methylated-
spirit, and-digest-the-same with heat until the spirit becomes. saturated with fatty
acids. I then allow the insoluble fat to deposit, and run off the superstratum-of-
fatty acids in-solution-into-another_still, in order to recover by distillation, the
methylated spirit for a subsequent digestion. I continue the digestions and
separations until I get rid of the whole of the fatty acids contained in the original
brown grease; and lastly, I recover by distillation, the methylated spirit held
mechanically by the insoluble fat. The residual fatty acids may be used in the
manufacture of soap or for other purposes.
By operating upon the brown grease in the manner described, I obtain a neutral
fat which I call "Viscosine," on account of its superior Viscosity, and which is
non-corrosive, when subjected to high pressure steam. It is therefore eminently
suitable for the lubrication of engine cylinders, also for the lubrication and cooling
of necks or journals liable to heat from its great body and adhesiveness to metallic
surfaces.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
The production of lubricants from brown grease substantially in the manner
described.
IMPROVEMENTS IN OBTAINING TYPOGRAPHICAL IMPRESSIONS FROM PHOTO RELIEF SURFACES
Year: 1884

page_text: I THOMAS JAMES 37 Renshaw St Liverpool County of Lancashire Sewing
Machine Agent do hereby declare the nature of my invention for IMPROVEMENTS
IN OBTAINING TYPOGRAPHICAL IMPRESSIONS FROM PHOTO RELIEF SURFACES to be
as follows:-
My improved Phototype Blocks are composed of an elastic material or compound
such as Glue or Gelatine with Sugar or glycerine, Printers Roller Composition or
India Rubber vulcanised or not, or other similar elastic material or compound
instead of type metal or other solid material or compound, Cast from any suitable
relief produced by any of the well known photographic methods.
Such Elastic Phototype Blocks in the printing press yeild under the pressure of
the inking roller and Tympan according to the varying elevations and depressions
of the Block, thereby securing gradiations and half tones without either dot, line,
or stipple.

page_text: RELIEF
THOMAS JAMES late of 37 Renshaw St Liverpool but now of 32 Gt George St
Liverpool Sewing Machine importer do hereby declare the nature of my invention
for IMPROVEMENTS FOR TYPOGRAPHICAL IMPRESSIONS FROM PHOTO
SURFACES and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:-
From a relief surface of good depth produced by any of the well know photo-
graphic methods, I obtain an elastic cast in India rubber, gelatine and glycerine,
ink roller composition or any similar elastic or yeilding material or compound by
any of the well known methods of producing such casts, and which elastic cast
I put into the type press direct, inking with one or more rollers of different tints
and varying pressure The highest parts of the Cast representing the blacks receive
most ink and sinking under the pressure allows the roller to just ink the lower
parts which represent the half tones and and gradiations, and the lowest portion
being too deep receive none. represents the white.
Upon printing from such elastic blocks inked in the manner just described, a
proof is obtained with the lights and shades printed by means of the different
pressure and inking of the elastic cast thereby representing all the various shades
in the original from which the relief was taken.
c.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my invention
and in what manner the same is to be performed
(i) I declare that what I claim is the power to produce half tones and
gradiations in the type press by means of an elastic or yeilding surface sub-
stantially as above described and (ii) the power to print several colors or tints
from the same block by means of its elastic.or yeilding nature substantially as
above described.
Dated thin
1
1001
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF COTTERS AND GIBS
Year: 1884

page_text: CUMLELE
I HOUSTON STEWART STEWART Palace Chambers 9 Bridge St Westminster
London S. W. Engineer do hereby declare the nature of my invention for IMPROVE-
MENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF COTTERS AND GIBS and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
This Invention has for its object the construction of cotters having one or both
their bearing surfaces or edges so serrated as to prevent the possibility of their
becoming loose.*
Such cotters may be used either with or without Gibs correspondingly serrated.
The Pins or Bolts used in connection with these cotters may be either round or
rectangular in section; & may be made with slot & cotter at one or both ends.
In the accompanying drawings, figures 1. 2. & 5. shew alternative forms of
cotters & slots as used without Gibs.
Figures 3. 4 & 6 shew the cotters used in connection with Gibs.
The form of Gib represented in Figures 4 & 6 is adapted to circumstances in
which it is desirable to provide for the withdrawal of the cotter.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention, & in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:-
1. The Improved Construction of Cotters having their edges serrated substantially
as described and shewn on the drawings.
2. The Improved Construction of Gibs having their edges serrated & being
substantially of the form described & shewn on the drawings.
Dated this Fifteenth day of February 1884.
A NEW OR IMPROVED SCREW OR BRACE AUGER
Year: 1884

page_text: I THOMAS NEWRY the Younger of 39 Allison Street Birmingham in the County
of Warwick Gimlet and Auger Manufacturer do hereby declare the nature of my
Invention for A NEW OR IMPROVED SCREW OR BRACE AUGER and in what
manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained
in and by the following statement:—
My said Invention relates to a new or improved screw or brace auger for boring.
soft and hard wood. Ordinary screw or brace augers are of three kinds, one kind
having worm points like a gimlet, another kind having what is technically known
as "shell-noses" and called shell augers, and a third having a shell-nose with a
single twist.
In boring wood it is frequently desirable that the wood should not be entirely
pierced, but in cases where it is necessary that the auger hole should almost extend
through the entire thickness of the wood, the gilet point of the auger does in fact
pierce entirely through the wood, making a hole which in many cases has to be
plugged.
In the ordinary shell-auger it is always necessary to gouge or cut away a small
piece of the surface wood to enable the auger to take hold or "bite." My new or
improved auger has neither gimlet point, screw, worm, or shell-nose; but, instead,
it has two cutting edges at its point. It has also two twists or clearance passages
for the escape of woody debris made during the cutting or boring process.
"
The Drawing accompanying this Specification represents my new or improved
auger, the two cutting edges at its point being marked A. A. These cutting edges
will at once
26 bite or cut the surface of the hardest wood (without any pre-
paratory cutting away of the surface to enable the auger to take hold,) and will cut
evenly and smoothly throughout to any depth in the wood, and, in consequence of
having no screw or worm to impede its progress but having two cutting edges it
will travel through the wood, either with the grain or against it, in one third less
time than any other auger, at the same time the auger clears itself of accumulating
woody debris.
Further my auger will also bore any kind of wood even of the hardest nature
from the edges of the wood just as readily and easily as from the flat surface of the
wood

page_text: Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed I declare that what
I claim is
The manufacture of screw or brace augers having two cutting edges at their
points and having two twists or clearance passages substantially as hereinbefore
described and shewn on the accompanying Drawing, or any mere modification
thereof.