IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING THE PILE OF WOVEN FABRICS
Year: 1853

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to David Chalmers, of Manchester, in the County
of Lancaster, Manufacturer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS
IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING THE PILE OF WOVEN
FABRICS."
Sealed the 18th February 1854, and dated the 18th August 1858.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said David Chalmers at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 18th August 1858.
1, DAVID CHALMERS, do hereby declare the nature of the said -Inven-
tion for IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING THE
PILE OF WOVEN FABRICS" to be as follows:-
To a framework I fix two rollers or beams revolving in pedestals,
one containing the cloth or material to be cut, and the other taking it
up as it is finished or cut, the said material passing between two rollers,
the bottom one plain, the top one grooved or fluted, and as the material
passes between the said rollers it comes in contact with a number of
knives or cutters, each of which has two edges so as to form a guide.
These improvements will be clearly understood by reference to the
accompanying Drawing, in which Figure 1, is a section of my improved

page_text: apparatus, and Figure 2, an end view of the same. «, represents the
frame; b, the pedestals; e, the driving pullies; d, the upper or grooved
roller, which is driven at a greater speed than the lower or plain roller c;
f the beam or cylinder containing the cloth to be cut; y, the beam or
cylinder taking it up after being cut; h, screws to regulate the posi-
tion of the cloth; i, the knives or cutters which are placed under thic
thread of the cloth and the projections of the upper roller.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said David Chalmers in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 18th February 1854.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I,
DAVID CHALMERS, of Manchester, in the County of Lancaster, Manu-
facturer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Royal Letters Patent, bearing date the Eighteenth day of August, in
the year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, in
the seventeenth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and suc-
cessors, give and grant unto me, the said David Chalmers, Her special
license that I, the said David Chalmers, my executors, administrators,
and assigns, or such others as I, the said David Chalmers, my executors,
administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no
others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the
Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY OR APPARATUS FOR CUTTING THE PILE OF WOVEN FABRICS," upon
the condition (amongst others) that I, the said David Chalmers, by an
instrument in writing under my hand and seal, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Royal Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said David Chalniers, do hereby

page_text: declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement (that is to say):
My Invention consists of an improved method of cutting the pile of
woven fabrics by means of knives or cutters on a revolving roller or
cylinder acting on the face of the fabric so as to cut the raised threads
intended to form the pile. My machine or apparatus consists of two
rollers or beams revolving in pedastals at each extremity of a frame,
one to contain the cloth or material to be cut, and the other to take it
up as it is cut or finished. On the top of the said frame I fix two
other rollers nearly in contact, through which the said cloth or material
passes, the bottom roller being plain, and the top one forming the knives
or cutters. As the said cloth or material passes between these rollers it
comes in contact with a number of guides to keep the material in a
proper position to be acted upon by the knives. I have also set screws
a short distance from the point of the said guides to keep the material
to be cut in an exact position to be conducted by the guides. I drive
the said rollers at different speeds and in opposite directions, the bottom
one slower than the top one which holds the cutters. The cutters on
this top roller may be either cut out of the solid steel by means of a
comb, or may be loose circular cutters keyed on the roller, but the
former plan will be found preferable. The said rollers may also be
driven by separate driving pullies or other convenient manner.
This my Invention will be clearly understood by reference to the
accompanying Sheet of Drawings, in which the same letters of reference
are used to represent similar parts, where different views or diagrams
are shewn. Fig. 1, is a section of my improved machine or apparatus;
and Fig. 2, is an end of the same. , represents the frame; b, the pe-
destals; c, the driving pullies; d, the upper roller with the knives or
cutters, which is driven at a greater speed than the lower plain roller e;
f, the beam or cylinder containing the cloth or material to be cut; g,
the beam or cylinder taking it up after it is cut; h, set screws to regu-
late the position of the cloth; i, the guides which are placed above the
cloth to guide it correctly to the knives or projections of the upper
roller.

page_text: Having thus fully described the nature and particulars of my said
Invention, and the manner of carrying the same into practical effect, I
desire it to be perfectly understood that I do not confine myself to the
precise details herein set forth, as the same may be varied or modified
without departing from the principle thereof. But I claim as of my
Invention, and which to the best of my knowledge and belief has
not been hitherto used within this realm, the construction and arrange-
ment of the machinery or apparatus, as herein described and illustrated
in the accompanying Sheet of Drawings for the purpose of cutting the
pile of woven fabrics.
In witness whereof, I, the said David Chalmers, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Seventeenth day of February, One
thousand eight hundred and fifty-four.
Signed, sealed, and delivered
by the within-named David
Chalmers in the presence of
E. J. HUGHES,
DAVID CHALMERS. (L.S.)
Patent Agent,
Manchester.