IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF FASTENING TYRES ON WHEELS
Year: 1855

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Pearson, of Pyle House, Totterdown, in the
Parish of Bedminster, near Bristol, in the County of Somerset, Civil
Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF
FASTENING TYRES ON WHEELS."
Sealed the 20th June 1855, and dated the 7th May 1855.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Pearson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 7th
May 1855.
I JAMES PEARSON of Pyle House, Totterdown in the Parish of Bed-
minster near Bristol, in the County of Somerset, Civil Engineer do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD
OP FASTENING TYRES ON WHEELS," to be as follows:-
My improvements consist in turning a suitably shaped groove or recess into
an internally projecting rim, situated on one side of the tyre, and inserting
into it the rim of the wheel which is provided with a corresponding projection.
The rim of the wheel is retained and held in its position sideways either by
means of an overlap on the tyre which can be hammered down whilst the
tyre is in a heated state, or by a flat ring in one or more pieces being inserted
16958-1.

page_text: into a corresponding groove or recess in the tyre. The object of these
improvements is to prevent the tyre from flying off the wheel if it should
happen to break.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said James Pearson in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
7th November 1855.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME I JAMES
PEARSON of Pyle House, Totterdown, in the Parish of Bedminster, near
Bristol, in the County of Somerset, Civil Engineer send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria by Her Letters
Patent bearing date the Seventh day of May in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and fifty-five in the eighteenth year of Her
reign, did for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me the
said James Pearson Her special licence that I the said James Pearson my
executors, administrators and assigns, or such others as I the said James
Pearson my executors, administrators and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD
OP FASTENING TYRES ON WHEELS," upon the condition (amongst others) that
I the said James Pearson by an instrument in writing under my hand and
seal should particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Inven-
tion, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same
to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent:
NOW KNOW YE, that I the said James Pearson do hereby declare the
nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,
to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following statement;
(that is to say):
My improvements in the method of fastening tyres on wheels are repre-
sented in Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 of the annexed Sheet of Drawings, and
refer to wheels to be used on railways; the same letters of reference denoting
similar parts. A portion of the tyre and of the rim of the wheel, are shewn

page_text: in cach Figure, partly in transverse section, the other parts of the wheel being
omitted, as having no reference to my improvements, and the general shape of
wheels used on railways, being well known.
Figure 1 shews a recess turned into the internally projecting part a of the
wheel rim B, on the side opposite to the flange. The wheel rim B is provided
with a projection 6 of a shape corresponding with that of the recess in a into
which it is inserted by pressing the tyre A over the wheel rim B in a state of
red heat; which being done, the ledge c is hammered down over the edge of the
wheel rim B until it assumes the position marked c¹.
Figure 2 is similar to Figure 1, except that the width of the tyre is not
reduced on the flange side, at the point where the ledge c is formed; and
that the edge of the rim B on that side is slightly tapered towards the centro
of the wheel.
In Figure 3. the rim B of the wheel is tapered on both sides, or dovetailed ;
the projecting part a being recessed in a corresponding manner, and the tyre A
at that part where the ledge c is formed, is reduced in width similarly as in
Fig. 1. but not to the same extent.
In Figure 4. the shape of the recess and projecting part 6 of the wheel rim, on
the side opposite to the flange are the same as those represented in Fig. 1; but
instead of the ledge c being of one piece with the tyre, a flat ring d is inserted
into a recess on the flange side, in three or more pieces; and secured to the
wheel rim B by means of screws or otherwise.
Figure 5, is similar to the preceding Figure, except that the recess in a is
dovetailed as in Fig. 3; one side of the recess and corresponding portion
of the ring & being also slightly dovetailed. On the tyre A having been
placed on the rim B, in the manner above explained, that part of the tyre
marked c is hammered or pressed down until it fits into the recess in the
ring d.
In Figure 6. a recess is turned into the externally projecting part a of the
rim B of the wheel (which is considerably broader than in the other cases)
and the tyre A is so turned on the flange side, that the part 6 fits into the
recess in the projecting part a. The recess also is turned in the circum-
ference of the wheel rim B, and the ring d is inserted externally. It will be
obvious that a tyre fastened to the wheel by one of the methods herein-before
described, will, should it happen to break, be prevented from flying off the
wheel; whereby serious accidents on railways from the breaking of tyres will
be avoided.

page_text: I claim as my Invention, the methods of fastening tyres on wheels, described
with reference to Figures 4, 5 and 6 of the annexed Sheet of Drawings,
but I do not claim the methods described with reference to Figures 1. 2
and 3.
In witness whereof, I, the said, James Pearson, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fifth day of November One thousand eight
hundred and fifty-five.
JAMES PEARSON. (L.S.)