IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR OPENING, BURRING, CLEANING AND CARDING COTTON, WOOL AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES ALEO FOR OPENING TWISTED YARNS AND WOVEN FABRICS
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Francis Alton Calvert, of the City of Manchester,
Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR
OPENING, BURRING, CLEANING AND CARDING COTTON, WOOL AND OTHER
FIBROUS SUBSTANCES ALEO FOR OPENING TWISTED YARNS AND WOVEN
FABRICS,
Sealed the 23rd March 1869, and dated the 2nd October 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Francis Alton Calvert
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 2nd October 1868
İ, FRANCIS ALTON CALVERT, of the City of Manchester, Engineer, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
MACHINERY FOR OPENING, BURRING, CLEANING, AND CARDING COTTON, WOOL, AND
OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES, ALSO FOR OPENING TWISTED YARNS AND WOVEN
FABRICS," to be as follows:-
My improvements relate to machinery for opening, burring, carding,
and cleaning cotton and other fibrous substances, and for opening twisted
yarns and woven fabrics; and consist, first, in combining one, two, or
[Prios 8d.]

page_text: more of the well known burr cylinders with a brush or brushes and with
one or more fluted or channelled guards placed below the burr cylinder,
with a vibrating grate placed below the whole, the said grate being
similar to that described in the Specification of Letters Patent granted
to me on the Fourth day of April, One thousand eight hundred and
sixty-eight, No. 1139.
Secondly. In the use of three suitably constructed toothed cylinders
combined with what I term a worker or retainer. One of the said
cylinders is provided with a series of small workers, and with a vibrating
grate as above referred to placed under the said cylinders.
Thirdly. In an improved mode of constructing the toothed wire cylinders
used in these machines, and patented by me on the Eighteenth January,
One thousand eight hundred and forty-nine, No. 12,427.
In the Specification of the said Patent the toothed wire was described
as being made with a shoulder or rib for the purpose of being pressed
into a groove cut in the cylinder. Now my present Invention con-
sists in making the toothed wire flat without rib, and securing it on
the cylinder by an independent wire of the size required for keeping the
toothed wires at the proper distance apart.
And, lastly. In grinding these concave blocks of grindstone or of clay
combined with ground glass, quartz, or other suitable materials.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Francis Alton Calvert in the Great Seal Patent
Office on the 30th March 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, FRANCIS
ALTON CALVERT, of the City of Manchester, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Second day of October, in the year
of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the thirty-
second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto me, the said Francis Alton Calvert, Her special
license that I, the said Francis Alton Calvert, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said Francis Alton Calvert,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter

page_text: during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make,
use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR OPENING, BURRING, CLEANING, AND CARDING
COTTON, WOOL, AND OTHER FIBROUS SUBSTANCES, ALSO FOR OPENING TWISTED YARNS
AND WOVEN FABRICS," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said
Francis Alton Calvert, my executors or administrators, by an instrument
in writing under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should
particularly describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and
in what manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to be
filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next
and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Francis Alton Calvert, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in
and by the following statement (that is to say):-
The nature of my Invention consists, first, in certain improved com-
binations of machinery for opening, burring, cleaning, and carding cotton,
wool, and other fibrous substances, also for opening twisted yarns, and
woven fabrics.
Secondly. In certain improved modes of constructing toothed wire
cylinders.
And, lastly. In an improved apparatus for grinding wire and toothed
cylinders.
And in order that my Invention may be fully understood I will
proceed to describe the accompanying two Sheets of Drawings.
On Sheet 1, Figure 1, is an elevation of my improved machinery for
opening, burring, and cleaning cotton, wool, and other fibrous substances.
a is the feeding apron on which the fibrous substances are fed by hand
and delivered to the feed roller b, which is provided with a pressing
roller c and stripping roller c¹, also with a shell d to hold the fibres
against the feed roller near the point where they are drawn off by the
toothed wire or burr cylinder e. The motes, seeds, and other impurities
are struck off the cylinder e by the fluted or channelled guard e¹ and
drop on to the grate i placed below, while the partially cleaned fibres are
stripped off the cylinder e by the carrying and retaining cylinder f which
delivers them to a second burr cylinder g revolving considerably faster

page_text: than the cylinder e. The motes and other impurities are finally struck
off the burr cylinder g by the fluted or channelled guard g¹ and drop on
to the grate . The fibres are stripped off the cylinder g by the revolving
brush and delivered into a suitable receptacle or formed into a lap.
The vibrating grate i is placed a little below the burr cylinders e and g;
this grate is similar to that described in the Specification of Letters Patent
granted to me on the Fourth day of April, One thousand eight hundred
and sixty-eight, No. 1139. The motes and seeds that are free from
fibres drop through the grate, but the tangled fibres or the motes and seeds
to which fibres still adhere are taken off the grate by the cylinder f which
continuously delivers them to the burr cylinder g, where they are again
submitted to the guard g' until they are finally freed from the fibres.
The requisite motion may be given to the various parts of the machine
in the following manner:-The driving pulley is on the axle of the
second burr cylinder g; on this axle is also the pinion g2 for driving by a
carrier the wheel e² on the axle of the cylinder e. To the axle of the
cylinder g is also fixed the pulley g³ for driving by a strap the counter-
shaft j. The pulley j¹ on this shaft drives the brush h, and the pulley ;³
drives the channelled guards e¹ and g¹; the small pulley drives the
carrying and retaining cylinder f, and the pulley f¹ drives the stripping
roller c. To the axle of the cylinder e is fixed a pinion e gearing into
the wheel 6 on the feed roller b, and this roller gives motion to the
feeding apron a by the pinion 62, and carrier pinion 63 gearing into a
pinion on the roller of the feeding apron. To the roller b is fixed the
tappet 6 for giving the requisite vibrating motion to the grate i by
means of the rod and strap 2, the pulleys 22 and 2, and connecting
strap. The grate is drawn back by the spring 15.
On Sheet 2, Figure 2, is an elevation of my improved machinery for
carding and opening twisted yarns and woven fabrics. a is the feeding
apron; c, the pressing roller; and b, the feed roller provided with a
shell d, the fibres are presented by the feed roller b to the toothed or
comb cylinder e which strips itself upon the doffer f revolving in the
direction of the arrow from whence the fibres are taken off by the
cylinder g; the cylinder strips the fibres from the cylinder g and
deposits them upon the second doffer g'; the fibres are then carried
forward by the doffer g¹ in the direction of the arrow, and delivered to the
cylinder g, and submitted to the action of a series of workers or
retainers g², or other agents producing similar results placed above the

page_text: cylinder g. The fibres are here finally stripped off g and 92, and depo-
sited upon the doffer f by the revolving cylinder h. The doffer fis
stripped in the ordinary manner by the comb f¹, to which motion is
given in any convenient manner. The requisite motion is given to the
rollers and cylinders above referred to by the countershaft j, on which is
fixed the large pulley 7, which by means of the strap ; drives the
cylinders e, g, and h. The countershaft ; drives the diagonal shaft k, to
the lower end of which is fixed a worm k¹ gearing into a wheel on the
axle of the feed apron roller a; this roller by means of a train of wheels
and pinions gives motion to the feed roller b, the doffer g¹, the workers 92,
and the doffer f, as shewn by red circles, the pinions on the doffer g¹ and
workers g² gearing into a wheel loose on the axle of the cylinder g.
Figure 3 represents in sectional elevation part of a toothed wire
cylinder constructed according to my present improvements. Figure 4
is a plan of the guide plate, and Figure 5 a plan of the instrument for
securing the wire.
In making toothed wire cylinders it was formerly customary to roll
the flattened wire with a rib for pressing it into a groove, as described
in the Specification of Letters Patent granted to me on the Eighteenth
day of January, One thousand eight hundred and forty-nine, No. 12,427.
Now I dispense with the said shoulder, and roll the wire quite flat, as
shewn in Figures 4 and 5. A spiral groove or thread is turned in the
cylinder of about the depth of the toothed wire, and of sufficient width
to admit the toothed wire and a round wire on each side, and these three
wires are drawn together through the guide plate m, see Figure 4, and
pressed into the groove in the cylinder by the rollern, which is supported
in the tool o fixed in the rest of an ordinary slide lathe. The distance
between the grooves must be made according to the space required
between the toothed wires. The instrument marked p in Figure 3 is to
prevent the toothed wire from bulging out while it is being wound on
the roller.
Figures 6 and 7 represent a modification of my improved mode of
constructing burr cylinders. In this case the surface of the cylinder is
plain, and the toothed wires are held asunder by a T-shaped wire, the
middle web of the T being of the same height as the toothed wire.
Figures 8 and 9 represent another modification of my improved mode
of constructing toothed wire cylinders. In this case the toothed wires
are higher than the intermediate space wire.

page_text: Figure 10 represents in section my improved apparatus for grinding
toothed wire cylinders or rollers covered with card fillets, the apparatus
consists of a frame 9, which is supported in any convenient manner over
the cylinder or roller to be ground, in this frame is fixed by set screws
or otherwise a block of grindstone or of clay, combined with ground
glass, quartz, or other suitable materials. This block is made concave
of the radius of the cylinder or roller to be operated upon, and con-
sequently it acts upon a great portion of teeth, thereby preventing the
teeth from being barbed, which is unavoidable in the present system of
grinding, owing to the small point of contact between the roller and
the grinding instrument.
Having thus stated the nature of my Invention, and described the
manner of performing the same, I declare that I claim,-
First. The arrangement of burr cylinders and fluted guards in com-
bination with their respective brushes or other equivalents for lifting the
uncleaned fibres from the surface of the grate, and carrying them back
to the burr cylinder or cylinders, as shewn in Figure 1.
Secondly. The combination of the doffers f and g¹ with the cylinder e,
also the combination of the cylinder g with the doffer f, and series of
workers or retainers g³, or other agents producing similar results; also
the application of the cylinder h for stripping the last worker or
retainer g² and the cylinder g, and depositing the fibres on the doffer f,
from which they are stripped by a comb or other equivalent, as shewn
in Figure 2.
Thirdly. The improved modes of constructing toothed wire cylinders,
as shewn and described in reference to Figures 3 to 9.
And, lastly. The improved apparatus shewn and described in reference
to Figure 10, for grinding wire or toothed cylinders.
In witness whereof, I, the said Francis Alton Calvert, have hereto
set my hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of March, One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-nine.
F. A. CALVERT. (L.S.)