A NEW PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING SYRUP AND SUGAR FROM MAIZE AND OTHER CEREAL GRAINS
Year: 1865

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Haseltine, of the "International Patent.
Office," No. 12, Southampton Buildings, in the County of Middlesex,.
Civil Engineer, for the Invention of "A NEW PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING
SYRUP AND SUGAR FROM MAIZE AND OTHER CEREAL GRAINS."-A communi-.
cation from abroad by Frederick William Goessling, of Buffalo, State
of New York, United States of America, Physician and Chemist.
Sealed the 18th July 1865, and dated the 26th January 1865.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Haseltine at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th January 1865.
I, GEORGE HASELTINE, of the "International Patent Office," No. 12, South-
ampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engi-
neer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "A NEW PROCESS
OF MANUFACTURING SYRUP AND SUGAR FROM MAIZE AND OTHER CEREAL GRAINS,"
communication, to be as follows:-
The first part of my process relates to preparing the maize or other cereal
grain by soaking the same in water in suitable tubs until the grain has
become swollen and soft, and then crushing it by passing it between suitable
rollers, and afterwards soaking the crushed mass in other tubs, the water being
changed so frequently as to prevent fermentation. This constitutes one step-
in the process.

page_text: This mass is strained through suitable sieves, and washed in water in which
there is a sufficient quantity of ammonia or equivalent to give the water a
slight alkaline taste, and to dissolve the albumen and gluten, hold them in
solution, and purify the saccharine matter. The saccharine matter will settle
at the bottom of the tanks, and the ammonia or its equivalent with the
albumen and gluten being held in solution will be drawn off with the water
through suitable cocks in the tanks. The residuum is then washed several
times in clear pure water. This constitutes another step in the process.
Another tank is prepared and used, in which there is a worm of lead pipe,
which is connected with a boiler, and introduces steam therefrom; the latter
end of this worm passes out through the top of the tank into a suitable
vessel. Acidulated water, formed by a mixture of chemical pure oil of vitriol
with pure water, is put into this tank, and steam is passed through the worm
of lead pipe, which causes the acid water to boil. The saccharine matter from
the washing and settling tanks is then mixed with water to a thick liquid,
and then poured very gradually into the boiling acid water, and kept boiling
for several hours, what passes off in vapor while boiling being supplied by
adding pure boiling water. This converts the saccharine matter into a sugar
liquid, and forms another step in the process.
This sugar liquid is then neutralized in other tanks with whiting, chalk,
lime, baryta, or equivalents, and allowed to settle, and is then drawn off and
poured into a vapor vat which has a leaden worm connected with a steam
boiler. Acetic radicalis is mixed with the sugar liquid, boiled with it, and
allowed to settle. All the impurities, together with the acetic radicalis, will
settle at the bottom. This forms another slep in the process.
Lastly, the sugar liquid is filtered through animal charcoal; after which
phosphorus or lime is added to the sugar liquid, and the mass again filtered
through animal charcoal, and then condensed to a proper consistence for syrup
or for crystallization.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said George Haseltine in the Great Seal Patent Office on the
25th July 1865.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
HASELTINE, of the "International Patent Office," No. 12, Southampton
Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send 3
greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-sixth day of January, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-five, in the twenty-eighth year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said George Haseltine, Her special licence that I, the said George Haseltine,
my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as I, the said George
Haseltine, my executors, administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree
with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during the
term therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and
vend, within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "A NEW PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING
SYRUP AND SUGAR FROM MAIZE AND OTHER CEREAL GRAINS," a communication,
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said George Haseltine, my
executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their,
or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the
nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be per-
formed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within
six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters
Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Haseltine, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be per-
formed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
First, I take about three thousand pounds of maize or other cereals con-
taining amyline, and soak it in a suitable tank or vat containing water or a
caustic alkali liquid, of about one and one half degree specific gravity for
about one week; then I take this soaked corn or grain and crush it in
suitable mills or rollers, and afterwards sift the crushed mass in suitable
sieves. The milky substance which passes through the sieves is put in other
tanks, and washed by agitation in a weak alkaline water, and allowed to settle,
and then drawn off the top liquid, and washed again in pure soft water, and
afterwards drawn off the top liquid, leaving the milky mass at the bottom of
the tanks. This milky mass is not commercial starch; it will and must have
an alkaline taste, only sufficient to turn red litmus paper blue. This constitutes
the first degree or first step in my process.
Another suitable tank or vat is then employed, in which a lead pipe. is
placed running back and forth over the bottom of the tank or in the form of
a coil, one end of which lead pipe is connected with an iron pipe outside of
the tank; said iron pipe being connected with a steam. boiler, and the other

page_text: end of the lead pipe is carried up out of the tank, and opens into a barrel or
other vessel.. Suitable stop-cocks are placed in this lead pipe to regulate and
control the passage of steam. About two hundred pounds of pure soft water
is placed in this tank, and about twenty-four pounds of sulphuric acid. Steam
is then passed through this lead pipe, causing the acid water in the tank to
boil. I mix with the milky substance before described in the first degree of
my process so much pure soft water as will reduce it to the consistency of
syrup; then I pass this milky substance into the boiling acid water above
mentioned so slowly and gradually as not to stop the boiling, and afterwards
keep it to the boiling point for about six hours, when I shut off the steam
and stop the boiling, and add to the boiled mass about ten pounds of fine
pulverized animal or lichen carbon or its equivalent (animal carbon being
used by preference), and then add very gradually about thirty pounds of fine
pulverized carbonate of lime; this may be added dry or mixed with water,
and in addition thereto I may use about three per cent. of prepared carbonate
of quick lime, thereby the whole mass becomes thoroughly neutralized. After
the neutralization as aforesaid, I put into the mass about twenty pounds more
of fine pulverized animal or lichen carbon or equivalent, and then turn on the
steam and boil the whole mass for about five minutes, and then filter it through
bags or cloth filters. By so doing the relative proportion of carbon, hydrogen,
and oxygen is made such as to make the liquid mass a cane-like sugar liquid,
and this completes the second step or degree in my process. This sugar
liquid is then immediately put into a vacuum and steamed down to thirty-
three degrees specific gravity, according to Beaume, the test being taken
while the syrup is hot. This syrup is placed in a vat called a heater, and
stirred well until it is in a suitable condition to be put into crystallizing
vessels. (If the syrup is not quite clear enough I run it through flannel or
cloth filters before I put it into the heater vessel.) After the crystallizing
vessels are filled with the stirred mass from the heater vessel as aforesaid, I
put them into a warm room called the crystallizing room, from 75° to 100°
Fahrenheit, for the full crystallization of the sugar mass therein, and allow
them to remain there for about thirty hours, and then I take the sugar out of
the crystallizing vessels and put it into coarse linen press cloths, and press it
in a hydraulic or other suitable press until all the syrup remaining in the
sugar is pressed out. By so doing I decrease the quantity of hydrogen and
oxygen, and thereby approximate more closely a cane-like sugar. The syrup
thus pressed out is a merchantable cane-like syrup. And then I take the
pressed sugar, and melt it over again in the "heater vessel" lined with zinc,
by a low steam heat applied under the zinc lining, and then allow the melted

page_text: sugar to cool sufficiently to put into conical moulds for crystallization. The
conical moulds containing the sugar are then put into the crystallizing room
above mentioned, and allowed to remain there for about two days, and then
the sugar is taken out of the conical moulds and put on the gypsum shelves
(or equivalent) for drying in the crystallizing room. This completes the third
and last step in my process, and produces upon an average about sixteen and
one half pounds of hard, dry, cane-like sugar, formula C, H, O", and eighteen
pounds of good cane-like syrup, suitable for common and general use, from one
bushel of Indian corn or maize. The syrup is that which is pressed from the
sugar as above mentioned.
When wheat or other grains containing amyline are subjected to this process
instead of Indian corn or maize they should be used in such quantities that
the amount of amyline therein contained equals (or nearly so) the amount
of amyline contained in Indian corn or maize, having reference to relative
proportions of grain and chemicals.
Having thus fully described said Invention, as communicated to me by my
foreign correspondent, I claim the process or method of making syrup and
sugar from maize and other cereal grains containing amylaceous matter, so
far as the same is developed in each or either step or degree mentioned,
substantially as herein described.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Haseltine, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Fifteenth day of July, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-five.
5 Witness,
WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE.
GEORGE HASELTINE. (L.s.)