IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF SECURING TOOTHED WIRE IN THE PERIPHERY OF CARDING. OR WASTE OPENING CYLINDERS FORMED OF METAL."
Year: 1877

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to John Henry Leather, of Cleckheaton, in the County of
York, Machine Maker, for the Invention of " IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD
OF SECURING TOOTHED WIRE IN THE PERIPHERY OF CARDING. OR WASTE
OPENING CYLINDERS FORMED OF METAL."
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said John Henry Leather at
the Office of the Commissioners of Patents on the 10th August 1877.
JOHN HENRY LEATHER, of Cleckheaton, in the County of York, Machine Maker.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF SECURING TOOTHED WIRE IN THE PERIPHERY
OF CARDING OR WASTE OPENING CYLINDERS FORMED OF METAL."
My Invention relates to certain improvements in the method of securing saw
toothed wire, commonly called Garnett wire, in the periphery of cylinders for
opening wollen, worsted, cotton, silk, or any other kind of waste, or for carding
wool, cotton, silk, and all other fibrous substances, in such a manner that the pitch
of such wire may be, if required, of double the fineness that can be accomplished
by the ordinary method now in use, thus enabling a cylinder to open a finer class
of waste, to open waste more thorougly and at the same time get a greater quantity
of inaterial through the machine than has hitherto been accomplished, and also
rendering this kind of card clothing available for other purposes, for which on
account of its coarseness it has not hitherto been applicable.
I accomplish my improvement in the following manner :-I cut one or more
continuous spiral grooves or threads in the periphery of the cylinder round which
I wind the saw-toothed wire, inserting the flange or rib at the back of the wire
into the groove, pressing out the rib by a process called milling or rivetting, so as
to make it quite fast in precisely the same manner as is now generally in use; but,
and this is what I claim as my Invention, the rib of this wire is so formed that
instead of being entirely, or almost entirely, buried in the groove, as has hitherto
been the case, one half of its entire depth, which is double the depth of the
Dmina B21
groove

page_text: into which it is inserted, stands above the natural surface of the cylinder, so forming
another artificial spiral groove or thread into which I now proceed to wind a second
series of toothed wire, in all respects exactly similar to the first series, except that
the rib is only just one half the depth of the rib on the first series, so that when
this second toothed wire is placed in the artificial groove and the flange or rib is
expanded and made quite fast therein by what is commonly called milling, rivetting,
or any other known process, the tops of the flanges or ribs of the first and second
series of wire shall both stand exactly the same height above the natural surface of
the cylinder, and the points of the teeth of the first and second series of wire shall
both be exactly the same distance from the centre of the cylinder. By these means
I am enabled to construct a cylinder having in its laternal direction double the
number of rows of teeth or wires that can be accomplished by the ordinary method
now in use; the difficulty, as is well known, in constructing fine pitched cylinders,
say above 12 to the inch, is the liability of the metal between the grooves to break,
and thus leave no support for the flange or rib of the toothed wire, whereas by the
adoption of my improvement, if the metal between the grooves is partly broken the
introduction of the second series of toothed wire supports the coil in the groove,
and when operated upon in the manner before described the whole is rendered quite
secure; and, moreover, as in my improvement I only require a groove to be cut in
the cylinder for every alternate coil of the wire, it necessarily follows that in
clothing a cylinder having the same number of rows of wire, hy my Invention I
only require a groove of one half the number of cuts per inch, and therefore the rib
of metal left between such cuts will be of double the thickness and consequently
very much less likely to break than is the case with a cylinder cut and clothed
upon the old system.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed by
the said John Henry Leather in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 9th
February 1878.
JOHN HENRY LEATHER, of Cleckheaton, in the County of York, Machine Maker.
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE METHOD OF SECURING TOOTHED WIRE IN THE PERIPHERY
OF CARDING OR WASTE OPENING CYLINDERS FORMED OF METAL."
My Invention relates to certain improvements in the method of securing saw-
toothed wire, commonly called Garnett wire, in the periphery of cylinders for
opening woollen, worsted, cotton, silk, or any other kind of fibrous waste, or for
carding wool, cotton, silk, and all other fibrous substances, in such a manner that
the pitch of such wire may be, if required, of double the fineness that can be
accomplished by the ordinary method now in use, thus enabling a cylinder to open
a finer class of waste, to open waste more thoroughly, and at the same time pass a
greater quantity of material through the machine than has hitherto been accom-
plished with the use of the ordinary cylinder, and also rendering this kind of card
clothing available for other purposes, for which on account of its coarseness in pitch
it has not hitherto been applicable.
I accomplish my improvement in the following manner:-I cut one or more
continuous spiral grooves or threads in the periphery of the cylinder, round which
I wind the saw-toothed wire, inserting the flange or rib at the back of the wire
into the groove or thread, and pressing out the flange or rib by a process called
milling or rivetting, so as to make it quite fast in precisely the same manner as is
now generally in use; but, and this is what I claim as my Invention, the flange or
rib of this wire is so formed that instead of being entirely, or almost entirely, buried
in the groove, as has hitherto been the case, one half. of its entire depth, which is
double the depth of the groove into which it is inserted, stands above the natural
surface or periphery of the cylinder, so forming another artificial spiral groove or
thread, into which I now proceed to wind a second series of toothed wire, in all
respects exactly similar to the first series, except that the flange or rib is only just
one half the depth of the flange or rib in the first series, so that when this second
toothed wire is placed in the artificial groove, and the flange or rib is expanded
and made quite fast therein by what is commonly called milling, rivetting, or any
other known process, the tops of the flanges or ribs of the first and second series of
wire shall both stand exactly the same height above the natural surface or periphery
of the cylinder, and the points of the teeth of the first and second series of wire
shall both be exactly the same distance from the centre of the cylinder. By these
means I am enabled to construct a cylinder, having in its lateral direction double
the number of rows of teeth or wires, that can be obtained by the ordinary method
now in use. The difficulty, as is well known, in constructing fine pitched cylinders,
say above 12 to the inch, is the liability of the metal between the grooves to break
and thus leave no support for the flange or rib of the toothed wire, whereas by the
adoption of my improvement, if the metal between the grooves is partly broken the
introduction of the second series of toothed wire supports the coil of the first series
of toothed wire in the groove, and when operated upon in the manner beforo
described the whole is rendered quite secure, and, moreover, as in my improvement
I only require a groove to be cut in the cylinder for every alternate coil of the
wire, it necessarily follows that in clothing a cylinder having the same number of
rows of wire, by my Invention I only require a groove or thread of one half the
number of cuts per inch, and therefore the rib of metal left between such cuts will
be of double the thickness, and consequently very much less likely to break than
is the case with a cylinder cut and clothed upon the old system.
In order that my Invention may be more completely understood, reference is
given to the accompanying Sheet of Drawing, which represents an enlarged longi-
tudinal section through one side of a cylinder into which are fixed the wire teeth

page_text: upon my improved principle, the cylinder shell is indicated by the letter A, the
grooves or threads B, B, are cut in the circumference of the cylinder, into which I
place the flange or rib of the toothed wire C, which projects above the cir-
cumference of the cylinder A, the toothed wire is secured in the groove by the
common method of milling or rivetting. The flange or rib of the toothed wire D
is inserted between the projecting portion of the flange or rib of coil C, that is,
above the circumference of the cylinder and the back or straight part E; the flange
of coil D is milled or rivetted in the usual manner and thus made quite secure, and
when finished the points of the teeth of the two coils are all the same distance from
the centre of the cylinder.
Having now described the nature of my said Invention, and shewn by Drawings
how the same may carried into practice, I would have it understood that I do not
confine myself to the precise details herein described and delineated; but that
what I believe to be novel and original, and claim as the Invention secured to
me by the herein-before in part recited Letters Patent is, the construction of
carding or opening cylinders, having every alternate thread or coil of teeth secured
in an artificial groove formed between the teeth that are inserted in the grooves or
threads cut in the circumference of the cylinder.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Henry Leather, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Sixth day of February, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight.
Signed and sealed in the
presence of
JOHN WAUGH,
Engineer & Patent Agent,
Bradford.
JOHN HENRY LEATHER. (L.S.)