IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TOOLS FOR GRAINING AND PUTTING IN THE 'BATES' OR PORES REPRESENTING DIFFERENT TIMBERS
Year: 1866

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Thomas Chaloner and James Billington, of Preston,
in the County of Lancaster. Plumbers, Glaziers, Gasfitters. and House
Painters, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
TOOLS FOR GRAINING AND PUTTING IN THE 'BATES' OR PORES REPRESENTING
DIFFERENT TIMBERS."
Sealed the 4th June 1867. and dated the 8th December 1866.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Thomas Chaloner and
James Billington at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with
their Petition, on the 8th December 1866.
We. THOMAS CHALONER and JAMES BILLINGTON, of Preston. in the County
of Lancaster, Plumbers. Glaziers, Gasfitters, and House Painters, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON.
STRUCTION OF TOOLS FOR GRAINING AND PUTTING IN THE 'BATES' OR PORES
REPRESENTING DIFFERENT TIMBERS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists principally of a roller mounted so as to be capable
of revolving in a frame provided with a suitable handle. The roller may be
all of one piece of the width required, or it may be made in two or more
sections capable of being removed and re-arranged or replaced by others. The
circumference of some of the rollers is cut, carved, or otherwise formed, so as
Price 8d.]

page_text: to represent the pores or groundwork of the wood to be imitated. and others
are so cut, carved, or formed as to imitate the pattern, grain, or flowers of the
wood; these rollers may be used for graining wood, decorative or other pur-
poses, and also for graining paper for paperhangings. The rollers may be
made of metal, wood, cork, gutta percha, india-rubber, leather, or any other
suitable material.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Thomas Chaloner and James Billington in the Great Seal
Patent Office on the 8th June 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, THOMAS
CHALONER and JAMES BILLINGTON, of Preston, in the County of Lancaster,
Plumbers, Glaziers, Gasfitters, and House Painters, send greeting.
WHEREAS er most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Eighth day of December. in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and sixty-six. in the thirtieth year of Her reign, did,
for Herself, er heirs and successors. give and grant unto us, the said
Thomas Chaloner and James Billington, Her special licence that we, the said
Thomas Chaloner and James Billington. our executors, administrators, and
assigns, or such others as we, the said Thomas Chaloner and James Billington,
our executors. administrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with.
and no others. from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term
therein expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE Con.
TRUCTION OF TOOLS FOR GRAINING AND PUTTING IN THE BATES OR PORES
REPRESENTING DIFFERENT TIMBERS," upon the condition (amongst others)
that we, the said Thomas Chaloner and James Billington, our executors or
administrators, by an instrument in writing under our, or one of our, or
their. or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and
ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same
was to be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal
Patent Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the
date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said Thomas Chaloner and James Billington,
do hereby declare the nature of our said Invention, and in what manner the
same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and

page_text: by the following statement in writing, and on reference to the accompanying
Sheet of Drawings, that is to say:
This Invention consists principally of a roller mounted so as to be capable
of revolving in a frame provided with a suitable handle.
The roller may be
all of one piece of the width required, or it may be made in two or more
sections capable of being removed and re-arranged or replaced by others. The
circumference of some of the rollers is cut, carved, or otherwise formed so as
to represent the pores or groundwork of the wood to be imitated, and others
are so cut, carved, or formed as to imitate the pattern, grain, or flowers of the
wood; these rollers may be used for graining wood for decorative or other
purposes, and also for graining paper for paperhangings.
Such being the nature and object of our said Invention for Improvements
in the Construction of Tools for Graining and Putting in the Bates-or Pores
Representing different Timbers," we will now proceed to describe more in
detail the manner in which the same is to be or may be performed or carried
into practical effect; and in order that the same may be distinctly understood
we have annexed hereunto a Sheet of Drawings illustrative thereof, and have
marked the same with figures and letters of reference corresponding with
those in the following explanation thereof, that is to say:-
We employ two kinds of roller, one to represent the bates or pores of the
wood by removing or taking off portions of the graining color, and the other
by laying on a darker color.
In the annexed Drawing. Figures 1 and 2 represent front and side views of
a roller of the first kind made according to our Invention.
a, d, is a metal frame provided with a suitable handle b. b. and carrying a
roller c c this roller is made of wood carved to the required pattern and then
covered with washleather bound thereon by means of thin copper wire passed
round the roller in the recesses. By making the rollers in this manner
the covering of washleather can be readily renewed as often as may be
required.
Figure 3 represents side and edge view of the comb which we employ in
connection with the above described roller: it consists of a flat piece d. d, af
vulcanized or other india-rubber with notches cut in one edge.
In using the above graining tools we proceed as follows:-First, coat the
work in distemper, and then comb with the india-rubber comb (Figure 3);
the washleather covered roller (Figures 1 and 2) is then damped in water
and applied over the combing, which will give the desired effect by removing
or wiping off portions of the distemper color according to the pattern of the
roller employed. When it is required to imitate the bates or pores of the

page_text: wood, by laying on oil or distemper graining color we make the rollers of
india-rubber, metal, wood, or other suitable material having the surface cnt.
carved, or formed to the required pattern and mounted in a similar manner
to the rollers above described; but in addition we employ a second roller e, e.
as shown in Figures 4 and 5. for the purpose of feeding and distributing the
oil or distemper graining color to the pattern roller c, c.
For graining into corners or recesses where the rollers, above described,
could not be employed we use a half round roller, as shown at Figures 6 and 7:
these half round rollers are to be made of the same materials as the other
rollers with which they are employed, and either covered with wash leather
or not, according to whether they are intended to imitate the bates or pores
of the wood by wiping off or removing portions of the graining color, or by
putting on color as before mentioned.
Having now described the nature and object of our said Invention for
Improvements in the Construction of Tools for Graining and Putting in the
Bates or Pores Representing different Timbers," together with the manner in
which the same is to be or may be performed or carried into practical effect,
we would remark in conclusion that we claim as our Invention the construction
and use of rollers for such purposes, substantially as herein-before described
and illustrated by the Drawing annexed.
In witness whereof, we. the said Thomas Chaloner and James Billington,
have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Third day of June, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven.
THOMAS CHALONED
JAMES BILLINGTON. (L.S.)