IMPROVEMENTS IN APPARATUS FOR JOINING LEAD PIPES
Year: 1884

page_text: I, WILLIAM GADD, of 64 Barton Arcade, Manchester, Civil and Consulting
Eugineer; do hereby declare the nature of my invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR JOINING LEAD PIPES," to be as follows:-
The object of the improvements is to enable lead pipes to be joined with facility
and to dispense with the cumbersome apparatus mostly requisite when this
operation is performed by mechanical means.
To accomplish this and to effect my improvements I construct of brass, maleable
iron, or other suitable metal, a simple apparatus which is fitted on to the two ends
of the pipes to be joined and which is suitably prepared by rosin, tinning, or other
means for forming a joint. Molten metal or solder is then poured into the
apparatus to complete the joint, the simple apparatus thus becoming a portion of
the joined pipe. By which means costly and other moulds are dispensed with.
The simple apparatus before named consists of a combination of two tubes
primarily. One being of smaller diameter, fitting the internal bore of the pipe, and
the other being of a larger diameter fitting the external diameter of the pipes to be
joined. These tubes may be either constructed as distinct tubes or they may
be constructed of one piece of metal wherein the two tubes are joined together by a
web or webs about the centre, or the two tubes may be so joined together after being
made. By preference I form the outer tube somewhat barrel shaped externally ;.but
this is not essential.
The outer tube has formed therein a hole or holes through which the molten
metal may be poured, by which means all the interstices between the ends of the
pipes and the metal tubes are filled in, and by means of the flux used, the joint is
completed. It will readily be seen that these metal tubes or inner and outer casings
remain a part of the joint and add greatly to the strength thereof.

page_text: J, WILLIAM GADD, of 64 Barton Arcade Manchester, Civil and Consulting
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of my invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
APPARATUS FOR JOINING LEAD PIPES" and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:-
The object of the improvements is to enable lead pipes to be joined with facility
and to dispense with the cumbersome apparatus mostly requisite when this
operation is performed by mechanical means.
To accomplish this and to effect my improvements I construct of brass, maleable
iron, or other suitable metal, a simple apparatus which is fitted on to the two ends
of the pipes to be joined and which is suitably prepared by rosin tinning or other
means for forming a joint. Molten lead metal or solder is then poured into the
apparatus to complete the joint the simple apparatus thus becoming a portion of
the joined pipe or pipes. By which means costly and other moulds are dispensed
with.
The apparatus before named consists primarily of a combination of two tubes.
One being of smaller diameter fitting the internal bore of the lead pipe, and the other
being of larger diameter fitting the external diameter of the lead pipes to be joined.
These tubes may be either constructed as distinct tubes or they may be constructed
of one piece of metal wherein the two tubes are joined together by a web or webs
or diaphram about the centre or other position, or the two tubes may be so joined
together after being made. By preference I form the outer tube barrel shaped
externally but this is not essential.
The outer tube has formed therein a hole or holes through which the molten lead
or metal or solder may be poured or inserted, by which means the interstices
between the ends of the pipes and the metal tubes are filled in, and by means of
the flux used, the joint is completed. It will be readily seen that these brass or
other metal tubes or inner and outer casings remain a part of the joint, and add
greatly to the strength thereof.
But that the improvements may be better understood, I will by the aid of the
accompanying drawings proceed more fully to describe means employed by me.
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
Figs. 1. 2. 3 shew longitudinal sections of joints formed by the use of two
separate tubes as hereinbefore named, and Fig. 4 shews a section of the apparatus
cast and formed wholly in one piece, or made into one piece from two or more
pieces prior to use for pipe joining purposes, and Fig. 5 shews an elevation of a
Tjoint made according to my invention. The same letters indicate corresponding
parts wherever they occur.
a, a, is the inner tube or portion thereof which is inserted into the ends of the
pipes to be joined to such distance as is needed, and b, b, is the outer tube or casing
or portion thereof. 6' is the hole through which the molten lead metal or solder is

page_text: poured or inserted, or it may be, and especially in the joining of large pipes, that
two or more holes are provided for this purpose and another or other holes may be
provided for the escape of air as the metal enters.
The ends of the pipes are prepared for the reception of the tubes by any suitable
tools such as drifts both internal and external, or by boring tool or augur, and
external milling or circular cutting tools so that both the inner and outer tube will
fit metal tight, and not be liable to leakage while the metal is hot.
The making of a good joint is facilitated by the prior or subsequent heating of
the outer tube by means of gas, oil lamp, or other source of heat supplementing the
heat derived from the molten metal, or the molten metal may be allowed for a
short time to pass through the interspace within the tubes, in at one hole and out
at another, until complete or sufficient fusion takes effect between the pipe end and
such molten metal. The tubes may be any convenient length, and the pipes may
be inserted to a greater or less extent than shewn.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
Invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is
The employment of an inner and outer tube, either formed connected together or
separately, for the joining of lead pipes, the outer tube being provided with an
opening or openings therein whereby molten lead, metal, or solder may be poured
into or inserted within the interspace between the two ends of the pipes and the
two tubes or between the whole, in manner substantially as shewn and described.
Dated this 18th day of August 1885.