Obtainment of Useful Products therefrom.
Year: 1888

page_text: Date of Application, 9th May, 1888
Complete Specification Left, 11th Feb., 1889
Complete Specification Accepted, 4th May, 1889
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Obtainment of Useful Products therefrom.
We WILLIAM AUGUSTUS MITCHELL of Grenville, Upper Clapton in the County of
Middlesex Manufacturing Chemist and O1TO CHRISTIAN HAGEMANN of 5 Oak Lane
Limehouse in the County of Middlesex Chemist do hereby declare the nature of
this Invention partly a communication from abroad to the said Willian Augustus
Mitchell by Max Von Schmidt of No. 12 Molkerbastei Vienna in the Empire of
Austria Chemist and partly Invention made by the said Otto Christian Hagemann
to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is to effect the purification of oils and fats in a very
perfect manner as regards elimination of objectionable taste and smell and moreover
that the oils or fats thus purified possess a great immunity from certain subsequent
changes such as rancidity; furtherinore that a marketable soap is obtained.
In carrying out this invention the fats or oils to he treated are placed in a vessel
with provision for efficient stirring and are therein heated to about 180° Fahrenheit.
Then soda (preferably in the form of crystals) is added and the mixture is well
stirred. The purpose of this treatment is twofold, viz. saponification of the free fatty
acids present, and the action by the soda on other substances present, which principally
partake of a nitrogenous slimy or membranous nature. The quantity of soda
employed is therefore in a considerable excess of the saturating requirements of the
fatty acids and the stirring must continue sufficiently long to fulfil, both purposes.
In some cases (for instance when treating animal matters) a small quantity of borax
which should be finely powdered is added with the soda. When the stirring has ceased
after standing for a time there will be found separate from the soda a layer consisting
of soap together with some of the other matters above mentioned while others of
the said matters are brought into solution by the highly concentrated alkaline
Anid.
The separated oil or fat is then washed or filtered and is afterwards subjected to
a partial distillation by which volatile impurities are driven off. The fat or oil is

page_text: placed in a vessel in which it can be heated and through the said oil or fat a current
of carbonic acid gas is passed. After having left the vessel the gas which is charged
with volatile matter from the fat is passed through receptacles containing charcoal
solution of permanganate or other substances which retain the volatile impurities.-
The carbonic acid gas which passes out unretained is made to travel again through
the oils or fats and the charcoal and this circulation is continued until the oil or
fat under treatment is satisfactorily freed from the volatile impurites. Instead of
carbonic acid gas other gases or vapours or mixtures thereof may be employed
as a carrier for the volatile impurities so long as they have no detrimental influence
on the quality of the oils or fats.
And further for finally eliminating all water from the substances treated we
continue passing through the apparatus the carbonic acid, but with this difference
that instead of the charcoal or other disinfecting bodies a suitable hygroscopic
substance is substituted.
J. H. JOHNSON & Co.,
47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W.C.,
Agents.

page_text: improvements in сде rurincation ΟΙ 0118 ади Faus апа ՆԵ
Obtainment of Useful Products therefrom.
Partly a communication from abroad to the said William Augustus Mitchell
from MAX VON SCHMIDT, of No. 12, Molkerbaster, Vienna, in the Empire of
Austria, Chemist, and partly made by the said OTTO CHRISTIAN HAGEMANN.
We WILLIAM AUGUSTUS MITCHELL of Grenville Upper Clapton in the County of
Middlesex Manufacturing Chemist and OTTO CHRISTIAN HAGEMANN of 5 Oak Lane
Limehouse in the County of Middlesex Chemist do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
The object of this invention is to effect the purification of oils and fats in a very
perfect manner as regards elimination of objectionable taste and smell and moreover
that the oils or fat thus purified possess a great immunity from certain subsequent
changes such as rancidity furthermore that a marketable soap is obtained.
In carrying out this Invention the fats or oils to be treated are placed in a vessel
with provision for efficient stirring and are therein heated to about 180° F. Then
carbonate of soda (preferably in the form of crystals) is added and the mixture is
well stirred. The purpose of this treatment is twofold viz.-Saponification of the free
fatty acids present and an action by the soda on other substances present which
principally partake of a nitrogenous slimy or membranous nature. The quantity of
soda employed is therefore in a considerable excess of the saturating requirements of
the fatty acid and the stirring must continue sufficiently long to fulfil both purposes.
We prefer to use soda in the form of crystals because it is only by the use of soda
liquor of a concentration above the point of saturation that on completion of the
operation the strata of oil or fat, soap and soda liquor separate sufficiently.
With more dilute solutions of alkali many oils or fats form an emulsion which
refuses to settle out and such dilute solutions are therefore unsuited for purifying
such oils or fats. The degree of concentration required according to this Invention
may however be obtained otherwise than by using the crystals themselves but the
soda when calculated as dry carbonate of soda (Na, CO,) should not be employed
with more water than 460 per cent. of such soda. In some cases (for instance when
treating animal matters) a small quantity of Borax which should be finely powdered
is added with the soda. When the stirring has ceased after standing for a time
there will be found separate from the soda a layer consisting of soap together with
some of the other matters above mentioned while others of the said matters are
brought into solution by the highly concentrated alkaline fluid.
The separated oil or fat is then washed or filtered and is afterwards subjected to
a partial distillation by which volatile impurities are driven off. The fat or oil is
placed in a vessel in which it can be heated and through the said oil or fat a current
of Carbonic acid gas or Nitrogen is passed. After having left the vessel the gas

page_text: which is charged with volatile matter from the fat is passed through receptacles
containing charcoal, solution of permanganate or other substances which retain the
volatile impurities. The carbonic acid or Nitrogen gas which passes out unretained
is made to travel again through the oils or fats and the charcoal and this circulation
is continued until the oil or fat under treatment is satisfactorily free from the volatile
inpurities. Instead of Carbonic acid gas other gases or vapours or mixtures thereof
may be employed as a carrier for the volatile impurities so long as they have no
detrimental influence on the quality of the oils or fats. And further for finally
eliminating all water from the substance treated we continue in passing through the
apparatus the Carbonic acid or Nitrogen gas but with this difference that instead
of the charcoal or other disinfecting bodies a suitable hygroscopic substance is
substituted.
Although we have mentioned soda it is of course understood that purified Carbonate
of potash may if desired be used in the same manner but when potash is used the
amount of water should not be more than 380 per cent. of the potash.
The quantity of alkaline crystals or liquor employed should be in considerable
excess of the quantity required to neutralize the fatty acids present in the particular
kind of oil or fat under treatment.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of our said Inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is :
1. The purification of oils or fats and the obtainment of useful products therefrom
by adding to them carbonate of soda in the form of crystals or sodium or potassium
carbonate of the degree of concentration hereinbefore defined and heating and stirring
them together substantially as hereinbefore described.
2. The purification of oils or fats by treating such oils or fats by submitting them
to a partial Distillation as hereinbefore described.
3. The purification of oils or fats by first treating same with alkaline carbonate
as described in Claim 1 and then submitting the said oils or fats to a partial
distillation as before described.
DL: 11th of 1000