IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SUSPENSION BRIDGES
Year: 1867

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Andrew Smith Hallidie, of San Francisco, California,
at present residing at No. 18, Salisbury St., Strand, London, W.C.,
Civil Engineer, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION
OF SUSPENSION BRIDGES."
Sealed the 1st October 1867, and dated the 3rd April 1867.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Andrew Smith Hallidie
at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
3rd April 1867.
I, ANDREW SMITH HALLIDIE, of San Francisco, California, at present
residing at No. 18, Salisbury St., Strand, London, W.C., Civil Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN
THE CONSTRUCTION OF SUSPENSION BRIDGES," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists, first, in the novel arrangement and disposition of the
cables or chains of suspension bridges.
Second, in the peculiar arrangement and disposition of the suspending rods
for such bridges.
Third, in the arrangement and disposition of the flooring beams or girders
to be employed in connection with the other parts of suspension bridges.
Fourth, in the arrangement, disposition, and mode of combining the con-
verging or truss rods of suspension bridges.
And, fifth, in the general arrangement and disposition of the several parts
of the structure of suspension bridges comprised in the foregoing, in the
manner herein-after deecribed, for the purpose of obtaining a maximum

page_text: amount of rigidity in the roadway and general structure, together with a proper
distribution of the load and strain, by which only a minimum weight of
materials is necessary in the construction of suspension bridges.
When four cables or chains are employed for ordinary passenger bridges
and such like purposes according to the present Invention two of such cables
or chains are by preference suspended one on each side of the roadway of the
bridge in the following manner: After leaving the point of suspension on
the summit of the tower one chain or cable descends in its natural curve until
it reaches the foundation of the opposite tower, forming the lowest point of the
curve, and it is there attached by any suitable well-known means, or (as is
generally done) it may be continued on to suitable anchorage. The second
cable on the same side of the bridge after leaving its point of suspension on
the tower descends in a similar manner to the cable last described and
intersects it, and is itself intersected at the centre of the span between the
towers; the lower end of this cable reaches to the base of the tower, and
passes either under the foundation plate thereof or is attached thereto, or it
is carried on to suitable anchorage. I prefer to firmly attach the two chains
or cables (used on each side of the bridge platform) together at the place of
their intersection or of crossing each other. The two chains or cables on the
other side of the roadway of the bridge are arranged and combined together,
and employed in a similar manner to those just described. I may also attain
the same result by allowing each cable on reaching the centre of the span or
place of intersection to return to the base of the same tower, the summit of
which is left, and there attach it under the foundation to suitable anchorage;
the points of return or bights of the chains or cables are attached to each
other by means of shackles, or by other well-known means. In cases of
suspended aqueducts where the span is great, and the quantity of water con
veyed comparattively small, I propose to employ only two cables fitted in either
of the methods herein before 'described, although of course four or more
cables or chains may be used if preferred. The suspending rods I attach
alternately to the upper and lower chain or cable. The first suspending rod is
attached to the chain or cable nearest the point of suspension or summit of
the tower, and hanging vertically reaches below the lowest roadway beam ;
the second ròd is attached to the lower chain or cable; the third rod is attached
to the same cable as the first, and so on alternately, until the point of inter-
section or centre of the span is reached, at which point the suspending rod is
attached to both of the cables or chains. The lower end of each suspending
rod has a thread cut upon it, and is fitted with suitable nuts, or may have a
slot and key för the purpose of receiving and sustaining the lateral girders on

page_text: which the roadway is built, as also for the purpose of adjusting the roadway
of the bridge. I arrange the girders or beams on which the roadway of the
bridge is built in the following manner:-Lateral girders, the length of each
of which is equal to the distance between the suspending rods, are placed
parallel to the roadway and under the chains or cables, and rest on steps or
clip pieces connected to the suspension rods, and which are secured thereto by
means of nuts and keys, or by some equivalent means; the position of these
lateral girders and tension or suspension rods is in each case regulated by
means of the nuts or keys on the ends of the suspending rods. Resting on
these lateral girders at right angles thereto and reaching from side to side of
the roadway I place the flooring beam at a point half way between the
suspending rods in each case, and on these flooring beams the roadway (or the
water conduit, as the case may be,) is built up in the usual way. Diagonal
or converging rods are attached to the upper cable or chain at the point where
the suspending rods are attached, and they incline at an angle towards the
intersection of the cable or chain; the angle which these converging or truss
rods make varies with the deflection of the cable and distances from the
tower. By connecting the two cables together by these converging rods they
adjust themselves more readily to the variations of the curve of the chains or
cables, retaining the advantages of a truss better than any other arrangement
heretofore employed. The lower end of each converging rod is attached to the
same coupling or fastening which connects the suspending rods to the lower
chains or cables; these rods are usually fitted with adjusting nuts or keys;
moreover, by using two chains or cables in the manner described it is
impossible for a gale of wind to overturn the roadway; no excessive or
accumulative wave or undulation can be generated in the roadway of the
bridge. The effect of the two chains or cables on each side of the bridge
roadway intersecting each other, or being disposed as herein-before described,
and being attached to each other at the place of intersection, is to neutralize
the motion and thus provide a greater amount of rigidity and stability.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Andrew Smith Hallidie in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 3rd October 1867.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, ANDREW
SMITH HALLIDIE, of San Francisco, California, at present residing at No. 18,
Salisbury Street, Strand, London, W.C., Civil Engineer, send greeting.

page_text: WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Third day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-seven, in the thirtieth year of Her
reign did, for Herself, Her heirs, and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said Andrew Smith Hallidie, Her special licence that I, the said Andrew
Smith Hallidie, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
I, the said Andrew Smith Hallidie, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at
all times thereafter during the term therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SUSPENSION BRIDGES," upon the con-
dition (amongst others) that I, the said Andrew Smith Hallidie, my executors
or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my, or their, or one of
their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascertain the nature
of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to be performed, and
cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar
months next and immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Andrew Smith Hallidie, do hereby
declare the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same
is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement, and the accompanying Sheet of Drawings:-
This Invention consists, first, in the novel arrangement and disposition of
the cables or chains of suspension bridges.
Second, in the peculiar arrangement and disposition of the suspending rods
for such bridges.
Third, in the form, arrangement, and disposition of the side beams or
girders, and the means of supporting the platform or roadway to be employed
in connection with the other parts of suspension bridges.
Fourth, in the arrangement, disposition, and mode of combining the
converging or truss rods of suspension bridges.
And, fifth, in the general arrangement and disposition of the several parts
of the structure of suspension bridges comprised in the foregoing in the manner
herein-after described, for the purpose of obtaining a maximum amount of
rigidity in the roadway and general structure together with a proper distribution
of the load and strain, by which only a minimum weight of materials is
necessary in the construction of suspension bridges.
When I use or employ four cables or chains, i.e., two sets of suspending
ropes or chains consisting of two each, for ordinary passenger and carriage

page_text: traffic bridges, suspended canals, aqueducts, and water conduits, and such like
purposes, according to the present Invention, such cables or chains are by
preference suspended one on each side of the roadway of the bridge from each
side of each of the towers in the following manner :-After leaving the point
of suspension on the summit of the tower one chain or cable descends in its
natural curve until it reaches the foundation of the opposite tower forming the
lowest point of the curve, and it is there attached by any suitable or well-
known means, or (as is generally done) it may be continued on to suitable
anchorage. The second cable on the same side of the bridge roadway after
leaving its point of suspension on the tower descends in a similar manner to
the cable last described and intersects it, and is itself intersected at the centre
of the span between the towers; the lower end of this cable reaches to the
base of the tower, and passes either under the foundation plate thereof or is
attached thereto, or it is carried on to suitable anchorage. I prefer to firmly
attach the two chains or cables used on the same side of the bridge platform
together at the place of their intersection or of crossing each other. The two
chains or cables on the other side of the roadway of the bridge are arranged
and combined together in a similar manner to those two (of the four) just
described. I also attain the same result by allowing each cable on reaching
the centre of the span or place of intersection to return to the base of the
same tower, the summit of which it left, and there attach it under the
foundation to suitable anchorage; the points of return or bights of the chains
or cables are attached to each other by means of shackles or by any other well-
known means. For suspended aqueducts, where the span is great and the
load constant or unvarying and comparatively small, I prefer to employ only
two cables fitted in either of the methods herein-before described, although, of
course, four or more cables or chains may be used if preferred. The sus-
pending rods I attach alternately to the upper and lower chain or cable. The
first suspending rod is attached to the chain or cable nearest the point of
suspension or summit of the tower, and hanging vertically reaches below the
lowest roadway beam; the second rod is attached to the lower chain or cable;
the third rod is attached to the same cable as the first, and so on alternately, until
the point of intersection or centre of the span is reached, at which point the
central suspending rod is or may be attached to both of the cables or chains.
The lower end of each suspending rod has a thread cnt on it, and is fitted with
suitable nuts, or may have a slot and key for the purpose of receiving and
sustaining the short side girders on which the roadway is built, as also for the
purpose of adjusting the roadway of the bridge. I arrange the side girders or
beams by which the roadway of the bridge is supported in the following

page_text: manner-Girders, the length of each of which is equal to the distance
between the suspending rods, are placed parallel to the roadway and under
the chains or cables, and rest on shoes, steps, or clip pieces connected to the
suspension rods, and which are secured thereto by means of nuts or keys or by
some equivalent means; the position of these girders and of the tension or
suspension rods is in each case regulated by means of the nuts or keys on the
ends of the suspending rods. Resting on these short side girders, at right
angles thereto, and reaching from side to side of the roadway, I place the
flooring beams at a point half way between the suspending rods in each case,
and on these flooring beams the roadway is built up in the usual way by
means of longitudinal beams or timbers placed on edge. Diagonal or con-
verging rods are attached to the upper cable or chain at the point where the
suspending rods are attached, and they incline at an angle towards the
intersection of the cable or chain; the angle which these converging or truss
rods make varies with the deflection of the cable and their distances from the
tower. By connecting the two cables together by these converging rods they
adjust themselves more readily to the variations of the curve of the chains or
cables, retaining the advantages of a truss better than any other arrangement
heretofore employed. The lower end of each converging rod is attached to
the same coupling or fastening that connects the suspending rod to the lower
chain or cable; these rods are usually fitted with adjusting nuts or keys. By
using two chains or cables in the manner described it is impossible for a gale
of wind to overturn the roadway, as no excessive or accumulative wave or
undulation can be generated in the roadway of the bridge, and the effect of
the two chains or cables on each side of the bridge roadway intersecting each
other or being disposed as herein-before described, and being attached to
each other at the place of intersection, is to neutralize the motion, and thus
provide a greater amount of rigidity and stability.
Having generally described my Invention, and in what manner I prefer to
put the same in practice for the purpose of constructing carriage and foot
passenger bridges, as well as for supporting water canals, aqueducts, or conduits
for carrying water or gas, and for other purposes, for spanning rivers, gullys,
ravines, mountain passes, or gorges, I now proceed with the aid of the Sheet
of Drawings containing five illustrative Figures, to describe my Invention more
in detail, and point out the advantages connected therewith and as claimed
by me.
In the Sheet of Drawings hereunto annexed Figure 1 is a side elevation of
a suspension bridge erected across a river or watercourse in which the piers
are constructed of masonry, and the towers are built of framed timber; one of

page_text: the towers has, for the purpose of more easy reference in connection with the
details, been distinguished with the letter B, whilst the opposite tower is dis-
tinguished by the letter B¹. There are two suspending cables on each side of
the roadway or bridge platform, the one cable A, which passes over the tower B
from the land mooring, descends to the base of the opposite tower B', whilst
the second cable A¹ passes from its shore end or land mooring over the tower B¹
to the base of the opposite tower B. The foundation plates or bases of each of
the towers B and B are respectively distinguished as C and C¹, the intersection
of each pair of suspending cables and the central suspending rod at the point
of intersection being designated by the letter D. The letters of reference by
which the suspending rods and converging or diagonal rods, together with the
fittings and connections respectively belonging thereto, are distinguished on
each side of the letter D by the letters of reference belonging to those parts
connected with each cable being with or without a small denominator or
number, and they are otherwise varied for the purpose of distinguishing them,
as herein-after described; thus the first suspending rod from the cable A and
nearest to the pier B is distinguished by the letter F, whilst the short sus-
pending rod next in order attached to the lowest end of the cable A¹ is
distinguished by the letter G, whilst the third suspending rod from the tower B,
although the second of the suspending rods connected with the cable A, is
marked F¹, and so every alternate suspending rod at the end of the bridge
between the tower B and the point of intersection D is F, F, F, and the
shorter rods are G¹, G", G, etc. The short girders or side beams suspended
by the rods F and G are distinguished by the letter H, whilst the stirrups or
steps belonging to the rods F, F", &c. are distinguished by the letters I, I¹, &c.,
and those belonging to the rods G, G¹, &c., are distinguished by the letters
K, K', &c. The several cross bearers L, L, are employed to frame together
and support the longitudinal timbers M upon which the roadway N is laid.
For the purpose of retaining the suspending rods as well as the converging
rods or diagonal braces in their proper position upon the cable where a wire is
used rods Q, Q, are connected to the tower beneath each cable, and attached
to each of the suspending and diverging rods. The converging rods are dis-
tinguished by the letters Z, Z, &c. Where the lower end of each cable is
carried back behind the pier for the purpose of being moored it is distinguished
by the letter a, a'. In this view, Figure 1, the short girders or side beams H, H,
are shewn as parallel in depth, whilst in Figures 2, 4, and 5 they are reduced
in depth at each end for the purpose of reducing their weight.
す
Figure 2 is a side elevation to a smaller scale with slight modifications in

page_text: the details thereof, and having the short girders or side beams II, H, of the
form shewn in Figure 3 and Figure 4 to an enlarged scale.
Figure 3 is a side elevation, shewing the arrangement described of the same
cable after being doubled in a bight over the shackle or connecting link E,
being returned to and connected with or anchored beyond the base of the
tower, on the top of which the upper portion of the cable rests, as herein
described.
Figures 4 and 5 are details of Figure 1 drawn to an enlarged scale, having
the same letters of reference, the short girders or side beams however being
reduced or tapered at their ends.
My improvements in wire and chain suspension bridges consist as herein-
before stated,-
1st, in the novel arrangement and disposition of the chains or cables.
2d, in the peculiar arrangement and disposition of the suspending rods in
their relation to the platform or roadway.
3rd, in the form, arrangement, and disposition of the side beams or girders
for supporting the platform or roadway.
4th, in the arrangement, disposition, and mode of combining converging or
truss rods of suspension bridges.
5th, in the general arrangement and disposition of the several parts of the
structure of suspension bridges comprised in the foregoing for the purpose of
obtaining a maximum amount of rigidity in the roadway, and permanent
structural stability, together with a proper distribution of the load and strain,
by which a minimum weight of materials only is necessary in the construction
of such bridges.
I employ four cables or chains, except in cases hereafter mentioned, two
chains or cables being suspended on each side of the roadway of the bridge in
the herein-after described manner.
The cable or chain A after leaving the point of suspension on the summit
of the tower B, Figure 1, in the accompanying Drawing, descends in its
natural curve until it reaches the foundation plate C' of tower B¹, Figure 1,
which is the lowest point the curve reaches and where its line becomes hori-
zontal; it is there attached by a suitable arrangement to connections reaching
to the anchorage, or it may be continued on to the anchorage direct. Where
wire cables are employed I prefer to attach the wire cable (as at a and a',
Figure 1,) to wrought-iron or steel links in order to preserve the cable from
oxidation at the lower extremity thereof, and to permit of adjustments for
tension by means of keys or bolts or nuts. The second cable A¹ on the same

page_text: side of the roadway of the bridge after leaving the point of suspension on the
tower B', Figure 1, descends in the same manner as the cable A just
described, and intersecting it at the centre of the span reaches the tower A
under the foundation plate C in the same manner, being similar in every
respect to the first-described cable; each cable, be it understood, starts from
different points of suspension and different ends of the bridge. The two
cables on each side of the roadway of the bridge intersect each other at the
centre of the span D in manner shewn in side elevations, Figures 1 and 2.
I prefer to firmly attach the two chains or cables together at the point of
intersection, as shewn at D, Figures 1 and 2. The two chains or cables on
the other side of the roadway of the bridge are arranged in precisely the same
manner as those above described. I also attain a like result by allowing each
cable on reaching the centre of the span or point of intersection D to return
to the base of the tower, the summit of which it left, and by attaching it in
the same manner, as before described, under the foundation plate of the said
tower to anchorage, as shewn in Figure 2. The points of return, or bights of
the chains or cables are attached to each other by a suitable link or shackle E,
Figure 3. Where link chains are used a sufficient number of parts or links
can be bolted together to be equal to the combined strengh of both chains at
the point of intersection.
For the purpose of suspending aqueducts, canals, or water conduits I find
it more economical, when the span is great and the load constant or unvarying
and comparatively small, to employ only two cables intersecting each other
and arranged and fitted as before described, to and under which cables the
water conduit is attached, as will be readily understood on reference to the
Drawing.
In suspension bridges constructed according to my Invention I attach the
suspending rods of the girders alternately to the upper and lower chain or
cable A and A', as shewn in Figure 1. The first suspending rod F, Figure 1,
(counting from the tower B to the point of intersection of the cables) is
attached to the chain or cable A nearest the point of suspension or summit
of the tower B, and hanging vertically it reaches below the lowest roadway
beam. A similar suspending rod G is attached to the lowest end of the chain
or cable A¹; the rods F¹, F, etc., Figure 1, are attached to the same cable A
as the rod F, and the rods G¹, G", are similarly attached, as before described,
to the lower end of the cable A¹, and so on until the point of intersection or
centre of the span D is reached, at which point the central suspending rod is
attached to both cables or chains.
In cases where wire cables are employed the suspending rods are attached

page_text: to cables by means of couplings or clasps which envelope the cable, and are
secured to the suspending rod by means of a bolt passing through an eye in
the upper end of the suspending rod and in the bolt holes in lugs of coupling;
a nut is attached to the bolt and is screwed up to prevent slipping. In
addition thereto I attach to the tower a line of connecting rods Q, which are
placed immediately under each cable, and securely retain the couplings in
their proper place on the suspending rope, as shewn (exaggerated) in
Figures 4 and 5. The lower end of each suspending rod has a thread cut
on it, and is shewn as being fitted with suitable nuts, or a slot and key may
be substituted for the screw and nuts for the purpose of receiving and sus-
taining the short girders or side beams H, H, upon which the cross bearers
are supported and the roadway is built. These screw ends and nuts (or slots
and keys) are used also for the purpose of adjusting the roadway of the
bridge. I arrange the girders or beams on which the framework of the
platform and roadway of the bridge is built in the following manner, and
which I have shown to a large scale in Figures 4 and 5:-Girders H, H, the
length of each being equal to the distance between the suspending rods, are
placed parallel to the roadway and under the chains or cables resting on
stirrups or steps I and K attached to the suspending rods, which are held in
position by means of nuts or keys and in manner shewn in detail in Figures
4 and 5, or by some similar or equivalent arrangement. The position of these
girders and tension or suspending rods is regulated by means of nuts, and
additionally secured by means of collars fitted to suspending rods either by
means of a swelled thread cut on the rod, or by a set screw fitted to a collar,
so as to form an adjustable shoulder upon the suspension rod. Resting on
and screwed to each of the aforesaid girders H, at right angles thereto, and
reaching from side to side of the roadway, is a cross bearer or flooring beam L,
Figures 4 and 5, and so placed that it is at a point balf way between each
pair of suspending rods, supported as shewn in Figures 1, 2, and 4, and on
these cross bearers or flooring beams the roadway (or the water conduit) is
laid down or built up in the usual manner on the longitudinal beams or
bearers M, M, of which seven are shown in cross section, Figure 5, carrying
the road planks N, Figures 4 and 5; these longitudinal timbers forming the
beams or bearers for supporting the platform or roadway may, for some
purposes, instead of being rigid and continuous pieces from end to end of the
bridge, be jointed together near their ends, and combined together in pairs
like flat links of pitch chain; the lengths in which these compound longi-
tudinal timbers may be employed may be made equal to the distance apart
of two, three, or more suspension rods: Diagonal or converging rods Z, Z, &c.,

page_text: Figure 1, are attached to the upper portion of each cable or chain at the same
point at which the suspending rods are attached, and lie at an angle towards
the intersection of the cable or chain below the point D in the manner shewn
in the side elevation, Figures 1, 2, and 4. The angle that these converging or
truss rods make varies with the deflection of the cable and their distance from
the tower.
What I claim to attain by connecting the two cables together by these con-
verging rods in the manner shewn and described is, that they adjust themselves
to the variation of the curve of the chains or cables, retaining the advantages
of a truss better than any other arrangement heretofore employed. The
lower end of each converging rod is attached to the same coupling or fastening
which attaches the nearest suspending rod to the lower chain or cable; these
rods are usually fitted with adjusting nuts or keys.
I claim that by using two chains or cables in the manner described under
the first head it is impossible for a gale of wind to overturn the roadway, as
no excessive or accumulative wave or undulation can be generated in the roadway
of the bridge, and that the effect of the two chains or cables on each side of
the bridge roadway intersecting and being attached to each other at the point
of intersection is to neutralize any motion generated therein, and thus
provide a greater amount of rigidity and stability, as herein-before stated.
I claim that whilst there is greater security in the use of two cables as
described they are for large works more easily adjusted by means of suitable
apparatus placed at their lowest points of attachment, and that they are more
conveniently and economically constructed; and, moreover, that the quantity
and weight of material can be advantageously reduced towards the point of
least tension.
I claim that in the arrangement of the suspension rods in connection with
the side girders, cross bearers, and flooring beams the liability of the roadway
to a change of form from undulating motion and other causes is thereby
materially reduced. The roadway of the bridge being placed on cross bearers,
the ends of which rest half way between the points of vertical motion on the
side girders which are supported by the suspending rods, it receives the least
possible vertical shock or movement. During the passage of a rolling load at
a bigh velocity producing a wave of motion the suspending rod is raised as
the crest of the wave passes it and raises with it one end of each of the two side
girders; the two cross bearers which rest on these two girders are raised
equally and to an amount or extent equal to one-half only of the elevation of
the wave passing between the suspending rods; by this arrangement one-half
the height of the wave is distributed over twice as much surface of roadway

page_text: as it would be in the ordinary construction. of suspension bridges under similar
circumstances.
· By means of the arrangement of the converging rods I claim to retain the
principle of a rigid truss under the variations of the curve created by the
natural expansion and contraction or elongation of the cables or chains better
than by any other arrangement heretofore employed for this purpose; thus
giving greater rigidity to the whole structure under the variations produced
by atmospheric changes and other similar causes.
The object being to obtain as much rigidity in the roadway of the bridge
as possible by the judicious employment of certain combinations of parts it
will be seen that the chains or cables are so arranged as to neutralize vertical
motion, and are tied together by means of the converging rods, which while
they allow the cable to vary the deflection of their curve within a necessary
limit also act as a truss and assist still further to tranquillize or neutralize
vertical motion. To provide still further against any contingency to which
suspension bridges are liable the suspending rods are not attached immediately
to the cross bearers, but to short side girders which support the cross bearers
midway between the suspending rods, thus diminishing by one-half any vertical
movement which might be generated.
I do not provide any extraordinary means for stiffening the roadway, as
such are unnecessary in the arrangement and disposition of the parts of
suspension bridges, as herein described and illustrated in the accompanying
Drawing.
In witness whereof, I, the said Andrew Smith Hallidie, have hereunto
set my hand and seal, this Third day of June, One thousand eight
hundred and sixty-seven.
Witness,
WILLIAM SMITH, C. E.,
Salisbury St.,
Strand, W.C.
ANDREW SMITH HALLIDIE. (Ls.)