IMPROVED COMPOSITIONS APPLICABLE TO PRINTING PURPOSES AND TO THE MANUFACTURE OF PRINTING MATERIALS, AND THE PRODUCTION OF EMERY CLOTH. ARTIFICIAL HONES, AND OTHER POLISHING SURFACES
Year: 1868

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Lewis Francis, of the City, County, and State of
New York, in the United States of America, Stationer, for the
Invention of IMPROVED COMPOSITIONS APPLICABLE TO PRINTING PURPOSES
AND TO THE MANUFACTURE OF PRINTING MATERIALS, AND THE PRODUCTION OF
EMERY CLOTH. ARTIFICIAL HONES, AND OTHER POLISHING SURFACES"
Sealed the 1st January 1869, and dated the 2nd July 1868.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Lewis Francis at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd July 1868.
I, LEWIS FRANCIS, of the City, County, and State of New York, in the
United States of America, Stationer, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "IMPROVED COMPOSITIONS APPLICABLE TO PRINTING PURPOSES
AND TO THE MANUFACTURE OF PRINTING MATERIALS, AND THE PRODUCTION OF
EMERY CLOTH, ARTIFICIAL HONES, AND OTHER POLISHING SURFACES," to be as
follows:-
The nature of my Invention consists, first, in combining glycerine
with glue or other gelatine or any suitable gummy, resiuons, or bitu-
[Price 8d.]

page_text: meuous substance with or without saccahrine matter to form an elastic
composition for printing purposes, such as the production of stereotype
plates and plates for printing upon rough or uneven surfaces, and upon
glass, china, wood, iron, oilcloth, and other like substances.
My Invention relates, secondly, to a combination of glue or its
equivalent, as above set forth, with glycerine with or without saccharine
matter, and with emery or any of the metals or their insoluble com-
pounds finely divided, or with solutions of their soluble salts for the
purpose of manufacturing emery cloth, artificial hones, stereotype plates
to be used by hand or by machinery, various forms of belts and wheels
for polishing, and for various purposes where an elastic composition is
available.
I contemplate adding the glycerine to the glue in hot
solution, adding also saccharine matter when desirable, and in some
cases a small per-centage of fixed oil. Where superior hardness is
required I add some of the silicates or their compounds. The com-
position whilst hot may be cast or moulded into any desirable form. In
producing polishing surfaces the necessary proportion of emery or other
gritty material or of metallic powders or compounds or solutions may
be added to the composition whilst in its heated state, or may be
sprinkled and distributed evenly upon the heated and softened surface of
the composition in any of its combinations.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said Lewis Francis in the Great Seal Patent Office on
the 1st January 1869.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, LEWIS
FRANCIS, of the City, County, and State of New York, in the United
States of America, Stationer, send greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Second day of July, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight, in the thirty-
second year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give
and grant unto me, the said Lewis Francis, Her special licence that I,
the said Lewis Francis, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or
such others as I, the said Lewis Francis, my executors, administrators,

page_text: and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to
time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and
Isle of Man, an Invention for "IMPROVED COMPOSITIONS APPLICABLE TO
PRINTING PURPOSES AND TO THE MANUFACTURE OF PRINTING MATERIALS, AND THE
PRODUCTION OF EMERY CLOTH, ARTIFICIAL HONES, AND OTHER POLISHING
SURFACES," upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Lewis
Francis, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing
under my, or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of the said Invention, and in what
manner the same was to be performed, and cause the same to he filed
in the Great Seal Patent Office within six calendar months next and
immediately after the date of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Lewis Francis, do hereby declare
the nature of my said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the
following statement :-
The nature of said Invention consists, first, in combining glue aud
glycerine with or without saccharine matter to form a composition for
printing purposes other than printers' inking rollers, where elasticity is
required. In the manufacture of the composition the following are
substantially the ingredients and proportions found to be advantageous,
and which may be generally adopted. Glycerine four (4) parts, glue
two (2) parts saccharine matter, when used, one part. The glue is first
Boaked in water for about ten (10) minutes, and the water is then
decanted, and the glue is allowed to stand about two (2) hours. The
glue is then placed in a glue or steam kettle and 'melted, and the
glycerine is then added. When saccharine matter is employed I add
this next, and sometimes add a small per-centage of castor or other fixed
oil, and when I desire a composition particularly tough or hard I add
some one of the silicates or any of their compounds. The whole is kept
well stirred at a heat of 200° Fahrenheit for about twenty (20)
minutes. The composition is then ready for casting, and may be employed
for the production of stereotype plates, and to printing upon rough or
uneven surfaces, as glass, china, wood, iron, oilcloth, and other like;
substances.

page_text: My Invention relates in the second place to a combination of glue and
glycerine with or without saccharine matter with any of the metals or
their insoluble compounds finely divided, or with the solutions of their
soluble salts for the purpose of manufacturing emery cloth, artificial
hones, stereotype plates to be used by hand or by machinery, various
form of belts, wheels for polishing, and for various purposes where an
elastic composition is available.
The formula for combining the ingredients of the second composition
may be thus recited:-Glue ten (10) pounds, glycerine five (5) pounds,
metal about eight (8) pounds, saccharine matter (if used) about five (5)
pounds. The glue, glycerine, and saccharine matter (if used) are treated
and combined as already set forth, and to them are added the metals or
their insoluble compounds finely divided, or the solutions of their soluble
salts. The whole is kept well stirred at a heat of about 200° Fahrenheit
for about half or three quarters of an hour. The composition so formed
may be applied to the coating of fibrous or textile materials, as well as
to sheets of rubber or to elastic cloth. When an exceedingly smooth
surface is required the fibrous or textile or other material coated with the
composition may be placed to cool upon plates of tin or glass previously
oiled, or a corrugated surface may be employed in some cases. When
desirable the glue and glycerine, or glue, glycerine, and saccharine
matter may be combined and applied to the surface of the material first,
and any of the metals or their insoluble compounds finely divided or
the solutions of their soluble salts be applied to the same while hot, in
the same manner as is now employed in the manufacture of emery paper
or emery cloth.
In the manufacture of emery cloth under my process the following
formula may be followed-Glue one (1) pound, glycerine four (4)
ounces. Emery, a sufficient quantity to produce the desired result.
The various modes of casting the composition are too numerous to
mention, they being the same as are in general use, care being taken
however that the mould be properly oiled before casting. Although I
prefer to follow the above stated formula I contemplate varying them to
suit the different descriptions of work required, as, for example, when
stereotype plates made from the composition are intended for use in the
printing press they must necessarily be made harder than when required
for hand use. Again, when it is desired to print upon glass or upon a
rough or uneven surface, a plate harder than that for hand work, but

page_text: not so hard as for machine work, is required. When applied to the
manufacture of emery cloth, the elasticity of the composition increasing
as it does the durability of the article renders it particularly desirable.
I do not wish to be understood as intending to confine myself to
the use of glue in the foregoing compositions, as other gelatines may be
substituted for glue, and various gums and resinous and bituminous
substances may be employed in part, and the composition be thereby
improved for some purposes, care being taken that when any one of the
gums, resinous, or bituminous substances is employed the same is first
dissolved by its proper solvent before being added in the manufacture of
the composition.
Having thus described my improved compositions adapted to various
purposes, I claim the same to be new, substantially as herein set forth.
In witness whereof, I, the said Lewis Francis, have hereunto set
my hand and seal, this Twenty-fifth day of November, in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight.