Improvements in Gas and on Engines.
Year: 1895

page_text: Date of Application, 13th Nov., 1895
Complete Specification Left, 29th Feb., 1898-Accepted, 4th Apr.,
1898
Improvements in Gas and on Engines.
I, EUGÈNE FESSARD, of 21 Boulevard Poissonnière, Paris, France, Engineer,
do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention relates to improvements in gas and oil engines constructed either
with one or two cylinders.
My improved engine consists of a cylindrical casing enclosing the crank shaft ;
one or two cylinders provided with water-jackets, air-inlet valves, vaporisers,
exhaust valves, a rod or shaft for operating the latter, and regulating mechanism
connected with the exhaust valve.
The casing forms an oil bath for the shaft and cranks and has two large
openings provided respectively with covers arranged to allow the pistons and crank
rods to be disengaged or adjusted without removing the other working parts. The
crank shaft upon which are attached the rods is supported in bearings provided
with a gun-metal dowel cut upon a portion only of its length to give the desired
grip in the usual manner, whilst the portion not cut forms a hermetic joint
preventing the escape or discharge of oil from the casing. Upon the crank-shaft
are arranged counter-weights balancing the weight of cranks and pistons and
allowing great speed to be attained without danger of excessive vibration which is
a frequent cause of deterioration.
The cylinders have their inlet and exhaust ports so arranged that the explosive
mixture cannot combine with the consumed gases. The inlet port extends from
the bottom upwards at a tangential inclination to the inner face of the cylinders, s0
as to give the explosive mixture a movement such that the consumed gases are
driven back into the lower parts of the cylinders and that only the pure mixture is
in contact with the flame. The exhaust port is so arranged with respect to the
inlet port that the consumed gases contained therein cannot unite with the explosive
mixture.
The air-inlet valves may be of ordinary construction and are situate at the top
of the cylinders.
In the case of oil-engines the vaporisers may be of any known form and
arrangement.
The exhaust valves are controlled by a rod or shaft and cams working upon
spindles independent of those of the valve proper but situate in a line there-
with. A spring tends to keep the valves normally closed; a second spring ensures
the contact of the separate spindle with its respective cam. The spindles are
guided in a suitable boss or projection secured upon or formed with the cylinder.
The shaft operating the valve is connected with the crank shaft by means of
toothed wheels so geared that the valve shaft revolves at half the speed of the
crank shaft. An intermediate gearing wheel may be employed to avoid the use of
large toothed wheels.
At the opposite extremity from the above described the shaft carries a
centrifugal governor with very limited movement. The governor mechanism is
connected with the governor by means of a lever and rod provided with two
pivoted catches or clicks for engaging the spindles of the valves and keeping the
valves in the raised position. The clicks are pivoted upon the guide piece in
which the spindles and also the rod move;. they are connected by a spiral
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spring. A stud secured upon the rod acts upon one of the clicks in one direction
and engages it in an annular groove of the spindle when brought opposite to it;
the other click is similarly engaged in an annular groove of the other spindle by
the spiral spring. Another stud likewise secured on the rod acts upon the second
click in the opposite direction so as to disengage it from its spindle; the first
mentioned click is disengaged, by the spiral spring. In this way the two clicks
successively engage the two spindles and consequently the valves, whilst these
latter are liberated simultaneously. When the clicks are in contact with the
spindles, the valves are raised by the suction of the free air; the engine does not
admit the explosive mixture except when the speed allows the clicks to be dis-
engaged. The rod is acted upon by a spring, the tension of which can be adjusted
as desired to vary the speed within wide limits-as, for instance, in the proportion
of 1 to 5.
:
The engine above described may be worked by ordinary oil of petroleum. When
it is to bo worked by gas the breech of the cylinders is provided with two chimneys
; fitted with incandescent tubes, or with an electric are according to the kind of
combustion preferred. In this case the air inlet valves and the vaporisers are
suppressed these latter being replaced by a tap or valve of special construction.
The engine is of easy construction and may be worked in a vertical, horizontal
or oblique position. By reason of its lightness, and the accessibility of its
working parts it is readily adjustable for traction or navigation and other like
purposes.
i.
"
I, EUGENE FEBBARD, of 21 Boulevard Poissonnière, Paris, Engineer do
hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner the same is to
be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement:
This invention relates to improvements in gas and oil engines constructed either
with one or two cylinders.
"On the accompanying drawings-
Figure
invention,
is a vertical section of a gas engine constructed, according to my
Figure 2 being a front view of the same shewa partly in section,
Figure 3, a sectional plan on line 1-—2 of Fig. 1,
Figure 4, a plan of the clicks working upon the exhaust valve in connection with
the regulator.
Figure 6 is a section of a special valve for use in the case of a gas engine.
My improved motor or engine,-as shewn on the drawings, consists of a
chamber or casing A enclosing a crank-shaft, one or two cylinders B, B', provided
with water-jackets,, air-inlet valves C, C, vaporizers D, exhaust valves E, E', à
rod or shaft F, for operating the latter,, and regulating mechanism connected with
the exhaust valve.
The casing A forms an oil-bath for the shaft and cranks, and has two large
openings provided respectively with removable covers or doors a, a, allowing of
tlie disengagement of the pistons p and crankrods ġ without removing the other
working parts.

page_text: The crank-shaft V, to which the rods are connected, is supported in
bearings mm; the upper half of each of these bearings for a portion of their
length is cut away, the front or inner ends being left whole, in order to form
oil-tight joints.
A detachable semi-circular piece n, n¹, corresponding in length and diameter
with the cut away portions respectively, completes each of the bearings. Upon
the crank shaft V, are arranged counterweights to balance the cranks and
pistons, and allow great speed to be attained without danger of excessive vibration
which is a common cause of deterioration.
The cylinders B, B!, as shewn on Fig. 3, have their inlet ports bb' and exhaust
ports so arranged that the explosive mixture cannot combine with the
consumed gases. The inlet ports 6b extend from the bottom upwards at a
tangential inclination to 'the inner face of the cylinders, so as to direct the
explosive mixture in such a manner that the consumed gases are driven back into
the lower part of the cylinders, and that only the gas itself comes in contact with
the flame.
The air-inlet valves 'C C' may be of ordinary construction and are situate at
the
top of the cylinders; the exhaust ports u u¹ are so arranged with respect to
the inlet ports bb' that the consumed gases therein cannot unite with the explosive
mixture.
In the case of oil engines the vaporizers D may be of any known form and
arrangement.
The exhaust valves E, E, are controlled by a rod or shaft F and cams ƒ ƒ½,
working upon spindles e, e', independent of the spindles of the valve itself,
but situate in a line therewith. A spring c, et tends to keep the valves normally
closed, and a second spring y y' ensures the contact of the separate spindles e, el
with their respective cam. The spindles e e¹ are guided in a suitable boss or
projection G secured upon or formed in a piece with the cylinder.
The shaft F for operating the valves is connected with the crank-shaft V
by means of toothed wheels g, g', so geared that the valve shaft F revolves at
half the speed of the crank-shaft. An intermediate gearing wheel 9 may be
employed to avoid the use of large toothed wheels. At its opposite extremity the
shaft carries a centrifugal governor H with very limited movement..
The regulator mechanism is connected with the governor H by means of a lever
and rod t provided with pivoted catches or clicks, i, for engaging the spindles e, e¹,
of the valves E, E, and keeping them in the raised position. As shewn on
Fig. 4, the clicks i, i, are pivoted upon the guide piece or boss G in which the
spindles and also the rod t more; they are connected together by a spiral spring v.
A stud secured upon the rod t acts upon the click i, in the direction indicated
by the arrow c, and engages it in an annular groove of the spindle e, when brought
opposite to it; the other click is similarly engaged in an annular groove of the
other spindle by the action of the spiral spring v. Another stud k¹ likewise
secured on the rod t acts upon the second click in the opposite direction (indicated
by the arrow 2) so as to disengage it from its spindle e'; the first mentioned
click is disengaged by the spiral spring. In this way the two clicks i¹
successively engage the two spindles e e¹ and consequently the valves, whilst these
latter are liberated simultaneously. When the clicks are in contact with the
spindles, the valves E are raised by the suction of the free air, and the mechanism
thus does not admit the explosive mixture except when the speed causes the clicks
to be disengaged as above explained.
The rod t is acted upon by a spring R, the tension of which can be adjusted
to vary the speed within wide limits (as for instance, in the proportion
of 1 to 5).
The engine constructed as above-described may be worked by ordinary oil of
petroleum. When it is to be worked by gas, the breech of the cylinders is
provided with two chimneys aud fitted with incandescent tubes or with an electric
are according to the kind of combustion, proferred. The air-inlet valves and the

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vaporizers are suppressed, these latter being replaced by a tap or valve K of
special construction (see Fig. 5).
The engine is of easy construction, and may be worked either in a vertical,
horizontal or an oblique position. By reason of its lightness and the accessibility
of its working parts, it is readily adaptable for traction or navigation, and other
like purposes.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is :-
1. In a gas or oil engine, the particular arrangement of the casing A, forming
an oil-bath for the working parts, and having two large openings formed in it
provided with doors or removable plates a a to facilitate inspection and
disengagement of said working parts for the purposes and as described.
2. In a gas or oil engine the combination with a casing A forming an oil bath,;
of bearings m m' for the crankshaft closed against any escape of oil, and arranged
to afford the necessary support, substantially as described with reference to the
accompanying drawings.
3. In a gas or oil engine the particular construction of the cylinder inlet-
ports b, b', inclined upwardly and tangentially to the interior wall of the respective
cylinders B, B', for the purposes and as shewn and described.
4. In a gas or oil engine, the combination with the regulator and with
spindles e, e, independent of the exhaust valves,-of clicks i, operating as and
for the purposes described.
5. A gas or oil engine constructed combined, and arranged substantially as
illustrated and described.
Dated thin
R
1000