CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MAKING OR CONSTRUCTING OF COLLARS FOR HORSES AND OTHER ANIMALS
Year: 1832

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, WILLIAM
JOYCE, of Bow, in the County of Middlesex, Harness Maker, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of Great Britain, bearing date
at Westminster, the Twenty-second day of August, in the third year of His
reign, did, for Himself, His heirs and successors, give and grant unto me,
the said William Joyce, His especial licence, full power,, sole privilege and
authority, that I, the said William Joyce, my exors, admors, and assigns,
or such others as I, the said William Joyce, my exors, admors, or assigns,
should at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all
times during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might
make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town of
Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "CERTAIN IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MAKING
OR CONSTRUCTING OF COLLARS FOR HORSES AND OTHER ANIMALS;" in which said
Letters Patent is contained a proviso that I, the said William Joyce, shall
cause a particular description of the nature of my said Invention, and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be inrolled in His said Majesty's
High Court of Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately
after the date of the said in part recited Letters Patent, as in and by the
same, reference being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear,
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, I, the said
William Joyce, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and
the manner in which the same is to be performed, are particularly described

page_text: and ascertained in and by the Drawing hereunto annexed, and the following
description thereof (that is to say):-
My said Invention of Making or Constructing Collars for Horses and other
Animals consists in the substitution of stout flexible, yielding, or pliable leather
braces, or of pliable braces formed of any other fit and proper flexible or yielding
materials, in place of the ordinary stiff hames; and whereby these improved
collars become capable of adapting or adjusting themselves more accurately to
the forms or shapes of the shoulders, necks, and other parts of the horses or
other animals, and thereby avoiding the mischievous effects caused by the
galling or rubbing of their shoulders, necks, or other parts, owing to the
unequal bearing of the ordinary collars upon the said parts, and also in the
modes of affixing the said braces upon the upper and lower parts of the pads
or body parts of the collars, as well also in the methods of affixing the draught
links and the pole links to the said braces and the territts to the body part of
the collar. In the said Drawings A, B, Figure 1, represent two pieces of
leather, which, when lined with serge and quilted and stuffed with flocks or
hair and sewed together, form the body part of the collar, which is soft and
elastic. This body part is again to be covered with two other pieces of leather
of similar forms to those shewn at A, B, in Figure 1, which strengthen it and
fit it the better to support the main brace. C, in Figure 2, is a long slip of
leather, which is coiled up spirally, as shewn at C, in Figure 3, and secured by
pasting or otherwise, and thus forms a fore-wale or the rim of the collar, and
which said coil being enclosed in another slip of leather is affixed by stitching
the body part of the collar, as shewn at D, D, in Figure 4. I likewise
affix to it, by stitching, the leather heading E, which holds the martingale
ring F. The body part is now ready to receive the main brace G, Figure 5,
which is made of two thicknesses of stout leather stitched together and partly
divided on each side, so as to form two distinct parts H and I; the first of
which said divided parts H, together with the undivided part, when made fast,
by strong stitching to the top and bottom parts of the body of the collar,
supersede the common hames, and have the draught links K, K, affixed to
them in the following manner :-In Figure 6; K represents one of the draught,
links, which is united by the screws L, L, with the inner plate M, after the-
latter has been placed between the two leathers and firmly affixed thereto by
rivets, and as shewn by the dotted and other lines in Figure 5, and by the
edge view in Figure 7. In like manner the pole link N, Figure 8, is to be
affixed to the lower part of the main brace H, where it is undivided, by means
of the screws 0, 0, Figure 8, which pass through holes P, P; made. through
the main brace, as shewn in Figure 5, and enter into screwed holes made in the
upon

page_text: inner plate Q, as shewn in Figure 8, the parts I, I, of the main brace being
intended to bear the stress from the pole, but are to be united where a pole is
not used. The terretts for the reins to pass through are to be screwed. into
sockets affixed in the body part of the collar, as shewn in place in Figure 4,
and which said sockets pass through holes, or slits made through the upper
parts H, H, of the main brace, as shewn in Figures 5 and 11. R, in Figure 9,
represents one of the terretts, having a shoulder and a screw at S, which is to
be screwed into a female screw T, made in a socket formed upon a metal
plate U, shewn edgeways in section and in plan at Figure. 10. After the said
plate has been placed between the two leather linings of the body of the collar,
the socket T being passed through a hole made in the outer one of the two
leathers, as shewn at V, in Figure 4, and the plate U firmly secured between
the said leathers by stitching along each side of it, the screwed sockets T, T,
are then passed through slits W, W, made in the main brace, as shewn in
Figures 5 and 11. The pole link N, Figure 8, being then secured by its screws
being passed through he holes P, P, in the main brace to its inner plate Q,
the main brace may then be firmly affixed by stitching it through its upper
and lower parts to the body of the collar, as above mentioned, and as shewn in
Figure 11. The serge lining shewn in Figure 12, and enclosing the flocks or
hair as before mentioned, is then to be covered with two other pieces or body
linings of soft leather, similar in shape to those shewn at A, B, in Figure 1,
but rather broader, and which are first secured by laying them. around the
inner part of the collar, the wrong side outwards, and then stitching them
around the same; they are then to be turned over the stitches, which will
bring the right side of the leather outwards and cover the stitches; they are
then ready to be stuffed with flocks or hair. Previous to which operation,
however, the leather after-wales, which are also similar in form to those shewn
at A, B, in Figure 1, and are to be strengthened by having two other pieces of
leather similar in form to those shewn at Z, a, in Figure 13, and which are to
be laid at b, b, in Figure 1. A side border formed of a narrow slip of leather
(not shewn) is also to be sewn around the extreme edges of the after-wales or
main-brace cover, and which is then ready to be basted in its place upon the
body of the collar over the main brace, in the following manner:-The main
brace cover is laid upon the outer surface of the body of the collar thus far
made, and is basted round the wale. The leather border or calash c, shewn in
Figures 14 and 15, is then to be stitched through and through, and which
makes this part of the work of the collar complete, and as shewn in the two
latter Figures. The second stuffing of flocks or curled hair is then to be
performed over the serge and underneath the soft leather linings before-

page_text: mentioned, and which linings are to be brought over and basted on to the
body part of the collar, thus retaining the second stuffing between them, as
shewn in Figure 16, and which body part is then to be quilted, as shewn in
that Figure. Two other pieces of leather, similar in form to those shewn at
d, d, in Figure 17, are then to be stitched on each side of the body of the
collar underneath the draught links, and as shewn at d, d, in Figures 14 and
15. The stitching is then to be completed. all round the body part of the
collar, and thus uniting the body part of the collar with the after-wale or cover
of the main braces, excepting at the parts d, d, on each side, which must be
left open to admit the draught links K, K, to be secured in their places by
means of the screws L, L, as above mentioned, the draught tugs or loops
being previously placed upon the links, unless in those cases where spring
hooks are employed. The pole link N, Figure 8, may then be screwed into
its place, as shewn in Figures 14 and 15, and the terretts also, as is likewise
shewn in those Figures, and also in Figures 12 and 16.
In order to make these improved collars capable of fitting different sized
horses or other animals, I proceed in the following manner:-The two upper
ends of the collar are not connected or made entire, as in Figure 14, but are
left open, as shewn in Figure 15, a shifting top e, Figures 15 and 16, being
formed of leather and stuffed and quilted underneath in the middle, and each
end of it, being left open as shewn in Figure 15, is furnished with one, two, or
more leather straps f. f,f,f, which are passed through the upper lining of the
shifting top, as is likewise shewn in that Figure, and which said straps can be
secured at any required position by means of the buckles g, g, g, g, which are
firmly attached to the main brace of the collar, and as also shewn in the said
Figure. The inner view of the shifting top is shewn in Figure 16 as secured
in its place. In order to afford free space for the gullet of certain horses when
it protrudes more than usual, I introduce a curved piece of iron h, of the form
shewn in front and edgeways at Figure 18, at the lower part or throat of the
collar, and within the fore-wale, which is then bent along it and covered over
with the strip of leather above mentioned. The collar when thus formed will
appear as shewn at h, in Figures 15 and 16.
Having thus shewn and described various constructions of my said improved
collars for horses and other animals, I hereby declare that I do not mean or
intend thereby to limit or confine myself to those constructions only, but to
vary them according to circumstances, still, however, retaining the main braces
in place of using the stiff and unyielding hames in general use, the main braces
forming the chief novelty of my Invention, in whatever form it may be
necessary to employ them. Neither do. I mean or intend hereby to limit

page_text: myself to the employment of such materials only as are herein mentioned;
but, on the contrary, I hereby claim the use of any others which may be fit and
proper for the purpose. Neither do I mean or intend hereby to claim as my
Invention any of the various parts comprising these said collars which may
already be known or in use, but only the improved methods of combining or
uniting them with the main brace, as above described.
Inrolled the Twenty-second day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and thirty-three.