Improvements in and relating to Motors Actuated by Products of Combustion Mixed with Steam.
Year: 1896

page_text: Date of Application, 16th Mar., 1896-Accepted, 18th July, 1896
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION.
Improvements in and relating to Motors Actuated by Products of
Combustion Mixed with Steam.
1,SVEN JOHAN LEDIN, of 85 Folkungatan, Stockholm, in the Kingdom of Sweden,
Electrician, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in what manner
the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and
by the following statement:-
This invention relates to a combination of a hot-air-motor with a steam-generator,
according to which the combustion-chamber placed within the water-space of the
steam-generator communicates directly with the steam chamber of the generator.
The heat, which during the working of the hot-air-motor passes through the
walls of the combustion chamber, gradually converts the water in the generator
into steam, and when the pressure in the said generator becomes sufficiently high
the steam passes into the combustion chamber, where it meets the hot combustion
gases and is superheated by the same, as soon as this stage has been reached the
motor will work with a mixture of superheated air and steam.
It is clear that motors combined in the above manner with a steam generator,
can be constructed in various ways, and the motor hereinafter described and
illustrated in the accompanying drawing, is thus only given as an example of the
manner in which the present invention may be carried into practice.
In the motor hereinafter described, the fuel consists of petroleum or other liquid
hydrocarbon. Gaseous hydrocarbons may also be used if the motor is provided
with a pump device for forcing the gas into the combustiou-chamber.
In the aforesaid drawing,
Figure 1 is a vertical section of a motor constructed according to this invention
taken through the working cylinder and the middle line of the surrounding
generator.
Figure 2 is a transverse vertical section of the working cylinder taken at right
angles to Figure 1, and
Figure 3 is an horizontal section taken through the line A-B, Figures 1
and 2.
a is the working cylinder, which as shown in the drawing is cast in one piece
with the combustion chamber b, the valve-chamber 62 and the surrounding
generator c. Within the cylinder is arranged in the ordinary manner a working
piston, and the upper end of the said cylinder is closed by a cover 3. At the
top and bottom of the valve chamber 62 arranged at the side of the cylinder are
provided valve-boxes s and s' respectively each having an inlet valve v or v¹ and an
outlet valve v² or v³.
These valves are operated in the ordinary way from the engine shaft. From the
chambers between the valves in the said valve-boxes s, s', channels or ports c¹³
(Figures 1, 3) lead to the cylinder, and the outlet channels n n' from the chambers
outside the outlet-valves communicate with the open air. The spindles of the
inlet-valves 1, pass through the outlet-valves, and through the spindles
belonging to the same. The latter spindles are also provided with stuffing boxes
for tightening around the spindles of the inlet-valves in the manner, shown in the
drawing.
لاين
The combustion chamber 6 communicates directly with the valve chamber 6 by
the opening 6' and with the steam chamber d by the pipe d'. At the bottom of
the combustion chamber is arranged the fuel injector i, which in its turn

page_text: constitutes the continuation of the air pipe . At the lower part of the injector a
is connected a pipe e leading from the petroleum receiver e, which communicates
with the steam chamber d by means of a pipe el. The pipe k¹ is on the other hand
in communication with the delivery valve channel k, Figures 2 and 3 at the
extremities of which are arranged valves h, A' as shown in the drawing.
At the middle of the working cylinder a, Figure 1, there is moreover provided a
valve farranged as shewn in the drawing in a valve-sent . From this valve the
channel communicates by means of the pipe with an air-compressor, not shown
on the drawing. Each time the discharge valves are opened for the discharge
from the cylinder, the pressure in the same will be lower than in the pressure
pipe of the compressor, so that it follows that the cylinder is filled with fresh
air, which forces out the exhaust gases from the prior power-period. When the
piston has passed about half its stroke backwards, the corresponding discharge
valve is closed, and the air in the cylinder is compressed by the piston and opens
the corresponding pressure valve & or 4' and passes through the channel k, the
pipe k' and the injector i into the combustion chamber b.
Immediately above the opening of the fuel injector i is arranged a suitable
ignition device not shown on the drawing. The same may for instance consist of a
platinum wire, which may be made to glow in the ordinary way by means of an
electric current.
When the motor is to be put in motion water is fed into the steam generator and
petroleum into the receiver to the necessary height. Air is then pumped into
by the injector i for instance by turning the motur by haud, when air as above
described is pressed in the combustion chamber by the pipe and the injector.
When the air is passing through the injector, petroleum is drawn from the
receiver through the pipe and is finely divided when it meets with the air-
current, and is reduced into gas and ignited when passing the before mentione
ignition device. During the introduction of the air and the expansion of the same
caused by the heat of combustion, the pressure in the generator 6 the steam
chamber d and the valve-chamber 6 increases. When this pressure has obtained
the necessary height to keep the motor in motion without loading, the said motor
will itself compress the air into the combustion chamber. The pressure is then
soon raised to the full working-pressure and the motor continues in motion.
The motor is thus driven by hot air until the water in the generator in
consequence of the conduction of heat through the combustion chamber and the
cylinder walls has attained such a high temperature, that steam can be developed.
This steam then enters the combustion chamber by the pipe d', where the same is
mixed with the hot combustion gases and is superheated and will thus together
with said gases partake in the driving of the working piston. By this means the
heat taken from the combustion chamber and the cylinder walls at the formation
of steam is utilised, at the same time these parts are prevented from attaining too
high temperature. Owing to the combustion chamber directly communicating
with the steam chamber of the generator, the steam will also act as a pressure
regulator in such a manner that, when for every new quantity of air forced into
the combustion chamber, the pressure in the generator tends to surmount the
pressure that corresponds with the temperature of the steam, being next to
the water surface, part of the same is condensed, in order, when an inlet valve
opens the communication with the working cylinder, to pass into steam, and thus
keep the pressure constant.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I
claim is :-
1. The combination of a hot-air-motor with a steam generator, characterised
thereby that the combustion chamber (6) for the fuel, serving to heat the air,
placed within the water chamber of the steam generator, communicates directly
with the steam chamber of the generator (d), in order that the steam collected in

page_text: this chamber may regulate the pressure variations, which would otherwise arise in
the combustion-chamber, and that a quantity of steam may for every stroke of the
piston be introduced into the combustion chamber, and together with the hot air
contribute to the driving of the motor.
2. In hot-air-motors, which are combined with a steam generator in the manner
claimed in Claim 1 and which are in the ordinary way provided with inlet and
outlet-valves for the driving fluid, operated in the known manner from the driving
shaft of the motor, the arrangement in which an air-compressor is by means of a
conductor connected with a valve (f) arranged in the middle of the cylinder, which
valve opens inwards of the cylinder, as soon as any of the discharge valves of the
cylinder has opened and the pressure in the cylinder has been lower than the
pressure in the pressure pipe of the compressor, the chambers on each side of
the working piston of the cylinder being moreover by means of channels (k, k¹)
provided with automatic valves (h, h) connected with the combustion chamber (6)
in order that a quantity of air may at each stroke of the piston be forced in the
cylinder and be compressed by the piston, as soon as an outlet valve has been shut
off for being forced through the said pipes in the combustion chamber of the motor,
when the compression has attained a certain height.
Dated this 16th day of March 1896
HASELTINE, LAKE & Co.,
45 Southampton Buildings, London, W.C., Agents for the Applicant.