AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE APPARATUS USED FOR HANGING OR SUSPENDING THE RUDDERS OF SHIPS OR VESSELS OF DIFFERENT DESCRIPTIONS
Year: 1830

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, JOHN
COLLINGE, of Lambeth, in the County of Surrey, Engineer, send greeting.
WHEREAS His present most Excellent Majesty King William the Fourth,
by His Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland, bearing date at Westminster, the First day of
November now last past, did give and grant unto me, the said John Collinge,
His especial licence, full power, sole privilege and authority, that I, the
said John Collinge, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others
as I, the said John Collinge, my executors, administrators, or assigns, should
at any time agree with, and no others, from time to time, and at all times
thereafter during the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully
might make, use, exercise, and vend, within England, Wales, and the Town
of Berwick-upon-Tweed, my Invention of "AN IMPROVEMENT OR IMPROVEMENTS
IN THE APPARATUS USED FOR HANGING OR SUSPENDING THE RUDDERS OF SHIPS OR
VESSELS OF DIFFERENT DESCRIPTIONS;" in which said Letters Patent there is
contained a proviso obliging me, the said John Collinge, by an instrument in
writing under my hand and seal, particularly to describe and ascertain the
nature of iny said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed,

page_text: and to cause the same to be inrolled in His said Majesty's High Court of
Chancery within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of
the said recited Letters Patent, as in and by the same, reference being there-
unto had, will more fully appear.
NOW KNOW YE, that in compliance with the said proviso, 1, the said
John Collinge, do hereby declare that the nature of my said Invention, and
how the same is to be performed, is herein set forth and explained, reference
being made to the Drawing hereunto annexed, that is to say :—
The improvement intended to be effected by my Invention is that of reducing
the
great friction which is produced when the common pintles and braces are
used for hanging or suspending rudders; and this I effect by the following
шeans:-
Figure 1 of the Drawing represents a side elevation of my improved appa-
ratus for hanging or suspending rudders, consisting of the upper part A, which
is to be bolted to the rudder by two arms or straps, a fragment of one being
shewn at a, and the lower part B, which is to be secured in a similar manner
to the stern post of any vessel by two straps or braces, a fragment of one of
these arms being shown at b.
Figure 2 represents a vertical section of Figure 1, in which Figure (2) the
principal parts that are used to decrease friction may be more plainly seen.
A represents the upper portion of the apparatus, formed of copper or any other
suitable metal, which is cast upon and incloses the shank or stem of the
spherical bulb c. The upper part of the shank is made square, and spread it
its upper end, by which means it will be immovably fixed, and also prevented
from turning round or getting loose. The bulb is formed of steel, or iron
case-hardened, and a groove, as shewn at d, is formed in the lower part of the
bulb. to permit oil used in lubricating the surface to pass under it, so that it
may receive a fresh supply every time the bulb is moved or turned.
e repre-
sents a hemispherical cup, made of steel, or iron case-hardened, being truly
fitted by grinding to the bulb c. The lower portion B is cast around and
embraces this cup, so as to unite the two, and render them incapable of
being separated without such force and violence as would destroy the parts.
The internal hollow cylindrical cavity formed in the lower part of the apparatus
seen at ff, is made to contain a supply of oil, the quantity rising as high as
shewn at g. g. The lower portion of the upper part A is formed into a hollow
cylindrical cavity, which being inverted, as shewn in this Figure (2), covers
the reservoir containing the oil, and keeps it clear from dust or dirt; this
desirable object being completely effected by the addition of an elastic leather
washer, shewn at h, h, which closes the opening, and completely excludes water

page_text: When the screw k is taken out,
necessity of raising the rudder,
rid of, without the
It has been found
or any other thing likely to injure the surfaces of the metal inclosed in the
reservoir. represents an aperture made through the upper portion of the
apparatus A and also the bulb or bearing c. The upper end of the aperture is
terminated by a screw and washer seen at k.
a supply of oil may be poured in, without the
and then the screw may be replaced and tightly screwed down upon the
washer. The hemispherical cup e has an aperture made through it, also
meeting and uniting with a similar aperture constructed in the lower portion
of the apparatus B, which is terminated by a screw 1. When this screw is
removed, the foul oil will run out, and be thereby got
necessity of raising the rudder to accomplish that object.
by experience that a single apparatus of this improved construction is quite
sufficient to support the whole vertical pressure of any rudder, however heavy,
provided the surface of the bulb and hemispherical cup are proportionate; and
the preferable part for attaching it will be found to be at the upper part of
the rudder, where it will be more likely to escape the action of water. The
portion of the rudder below this apparatus should be secured to the stern
post by the pintles and braces usually applied, great caution being used to
prevent any of the pintles from resting on the braces or bearing any portion
of the weight, which would greatly increase the friction and defeat the object
intended to be obtained, namely, that of throwing the whole vertical weight
of the rudder upon my improved case-hardened surfaces, so peculiarly con-
structed to support weight and reduce friction.
Figure 3 represents a rudder secured to a stern post, having its wh..le
weight supported upon my improved improved apparatus, which is shewn at
A, B, the pintles and braces seen at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, being similar to those
commonly used, except that the pintles which I use have no bearings on their
shoulders.
Figure 4 represents the same stern post and rudder separated, so that
the position of the parts and the mode of fixing them may be more plainly
seen.
Figure 5 shews an end elevation of the stern post, and Figure 6 a similar
elevation of the rudder.
The spherical bulb and cup, or bearing parts of my improved apparatus,
may be made of steel, wrought iron case-hardened, cast iron, chill cast or
any suitable hard metal, or composition or alloy of metals; as, for instance,
steel, or iron case-hardened, or chill cast bulbs, and bell metal or brass cups,
or any other suitable combinations of metals that are by their peculiar
properties calculated to sustain weight and reduce friction.

page_text: And I hereby further declare that my improvement or improvements in
the apparatus used for hanging or suspending the rudders of ships or vessels of
different descriptions consists
First, in the peculiar construction and application of a tempered sperical
steel or iron bulb or bearing, fitting and moving in a similar constructed
hemispherical cup, which, being combined with the other parts previously
described, will be found to possess the peculiar property of moving at all times
in a reservoir of oil, thereby reducing friction, an object of great importance
in the motion of all rudders.
Secondly, in forming an aperture completely through the whole apparatus,
by means of which the oil necessary to lubricate the surfaces of the bearing
parts may be supplied at pleasure, without the necessity of raising the rudder,
and the foul oil may be withdrawn by similar means, and with similar
advantages.
Thirdly, I also claim the peculiar application of an elastic leather or other
washer, which, when placed over the reservoir containing the oil, will
effectually excludo water or any other thing likely to injure the surfaces of
metal inclosed in the reservoir, and forming the bearings upon which the
rudder moves.
In witness whereof, I, the said John Collinge, have hereunto set my
band and seal, the Thirtieth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and thirty-one.
JN° (Ls.) COLLINGE.
AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the same Thirtieth day of April,
in the year above mentioned, the aforesaid John Collinge came before our
Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specification
aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained, in form above written.
And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of
the Statute in that case made and provided.
Inrolled the same Thirtieth day of April, in the year above written.