AN IMPROVED PROCESS FOR BLEACHING WITH THE AID OF HYDROSTATIC AND PNEUMATIC PRESSURE, CONJOINTLY OR SEPARATELY, WOOD, STRAW, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIAL FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER PULP, AND POR BLEACHING FLAX, HEMP, THREAD, YARNS, FELTS, CLOTHS, AND OTHER FIBROUS AND TEXTILE MATERIALS
Year: 1866

page_text: ETTERS PATENT to George Haseltine, of the "International Patent
Office," No. 8, Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County
of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, for the Invention of "AN IMPROVED PROCESS
FOR BLEACHING WITH THE AID OF HYDROSTATIC AND PNEUMATIC PRESSURE,
CONJOINTLY OR SEPARATELY, WOOD, STRAW, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIAL FOR
THE MANUFACTURE OF PAPER PULP, AND POR BLEACHING FLAX, HEMP, THREAD,
YARNS, FELTS, CLOTHS, AND OTHER FIBROUS AND TEXTILE MATERIALS."—A
communication from abroad by Henry Jones and Duncan Farquharson,
both of Rochester, and Isaac Cowles Colton, of Buffalo, all in the State
of New York, United States of America.
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION filed by the said George Haseltine at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition and Declaration,
on the 22nd August 1866, pursuant to the 9th Section of the Patent
Law Amendment Act, 1852.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, GEORGE
HASELTINE, of the "International Patent Office," No. 8, Southampton
Buildings, Chancery Lane, in the County of Middlesex, Civil Engineer, send
greeting.
WHEREAS I am in possession of an Invention for "AN IMPROVED PROCESS
FOR BLEACHING WITH THE AID OF HYDROSTATIC AND PNEUMATIC PRESSURE, CON-
JOINTLY OR SEPARATELY, WOOD, STRAW, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIAL FOR THE

page_text: MANUFACTURE OF PAPER PULP, AND FOR BLEACHING FLAX, HEMP, THREAD, YARNS,
FELTS, CLOTHS, AND OTHER FIBROUS AND TEXTILE MATERIALS," and have petitioned
Her Majesty to grant unto me, my executors, administrators, and assigns,
Her Royal Letters Patent for the same, and have made solemn Declaration
that it has been communicated to me from abroad by Henry Jones and
Duncan Farquharson, both of Rochester, and Isaac Cowles Colton, of
Buffalo, all in the State of New York, United States of America.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said George Haseltine, do hereby declare
that the following Complete Specification under my hand and seal fully
describes and ascertains the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner
the same is to be performed, in and by the following statement :-
After the material is reduced and subjected and put in readiness for
bleaching by any of the modes used for that purpose, place the stock for
bleaching in a hollow rotary cylinder until the cylinder is about two-thirds or
three-quarters filled. The cylinder is then tightly closed and the bleaching
liquor is then forced into the cylinder by any form of pump having sufficient
power until a pressure is obtained, preferably, of about 120 lbs. to the square
inch. This pressure is continued until the bleaching is perfect, which is
ordinarily accomplished in about two hours, but may be done in a shorter
time by using a greater degree of pressure, and this may be done in all cases
where the cylinder has sufficient strength to resist or sustain the pressure.
During the whole process the cylinder should have a slow rotary motion to
keep the mass of stock or pulp in agitation. To aid in this agitation it is recom-
mended to place arms, brackets; or projecting pieces of wood or metal on the
inner sides of the cylinder, which will prevent the stock from being massed
together. The pressure thus obtained infuses and forces the bleaching liquors
through all the fibres of the paper stock, penetrating and opening the minute
pores of every fibre to receive the bleaching liquors, thus diffusing the chemi-
cal fluids through the entire mass. This process bleaches the entire stock to
a perfect whiteness, while the tenacity and strength of fibre is preserved from
the injury which results from the use of steam or heat. Under and by this
process the yield in weight of paper pulp from a given quantity of stock is
very largely increased, and the quality improved, while an important saving
in time is obtained. No particular form of machinery is recommended for
the process, the ordinary machinery for paper making can be used, and the
ordinary bleaching material.
Specifications for bleaching yarn, felt, cloth, and textile fabrics.-The
process for bleaching yarns, felts, cloths, and textile fabrics is similar to that
above set forth for the bleaching of paper pulp. The ordinary bleaching

page_text: chemicals or fluids are to be used, and are to be used in a closed tub, vat, or
cylinder, either rotary or stationary, by hydrostatic pressure. The extent of
this pressure will be governed by and will vary according to the nature and
kind of material to be operated upon; the principle claimed as a discovery
and Invention being the application of hydrostatic pressure to expedite the
process of bleaching by the use of a diminished quantity of material or
bleaching liquid by a pressure fully described above as applied to paper pulp.
No particular kind of. machinery for this purpose is necessary, except that
the vessel, tub, or cylinder should be hermetically or very tightly closed. The
material to be.bleached should during the process be agitated, so as fully to
receive the bleaching liquid in all its parts. The time required will neces-
.sarily vary according to the nature of the material to be bleached. Heavy
material or that which is closely woven will require more time and a greater
degree of pressure than light or loosely woven material. By this mode of
bleaching the bleaching liquid will be forced thoroughly into every minute
part of the fabric or material, and thereby the expense and time usually
required in bleaching will be materially lessened.
No claim is made as to the kinds or combinations of bleaching fluids used,
the Invention claimed being for the application of hydrostatic pressure to force
the bleaching material thoroughly into and through the fibres of the fabrics or
materials to be bleached.
Instead of putting the material to be bleached into a dry cylinder and
afterwards introducing the bleaching liquor by a pump or its equivalent, the
process may be conducted with about equal effect by introducing a quantity of
bleaching liquid first into the cylinder, sufficient or nearly sufficient to perform
the entire operation; then the injecting under pressure of the additional
quantity will raise the pressure to the point required.
Still another mode of operating to produce substantially the same result is
to introduce all the bleaching liquid prior to the closing of the cylinder (which
may be done either before or after the introduction of the material to be
bleached), and then raising the pressure by forcing in air or other aeriform gas.
The apparatus for forcing may be the same in both instances, it being
necessary to provide such packing, valves, etc., as to work air-tight, and to
draw into the pump with the air a sufficient quantity of bleaching liquid, or
to provide other means to absorb the heat developed by the rapid compression
of the gas.
Liquors used in bleaching by this process will bleach 'more perfectly and
with less injury to the material than when bleaching is performed by the usual
process. The heated liquors and steam employed in the ordinary process

page_text: dissolve or otherwise destroy portions of the material, which by this process
are preserved and made available. The liquors in this process may be used
cold.
Having now fully described the said Invention as communicated to me by
my foreign correspondents, and shown how the same may be conveniently and
advantageously carried into practice, I claim bleaching materials to be
converted into paper by subjecting the same to the action of bleaching liquor
applied under pressure, substantially as above specified.
Also bleaching textile and fibrous materials by agitating them with bleaching
liquor applied under pressure, substantially as above described.
In witness whereof, I, the said George Haseltine, have hereunto set my
hand and seal, this Twenty-first day of August, in the year of our. Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-six.
Witness,
T. E. JULIAN,
8, Southampton Buildings,
W.C.
GEORGE HASELTINE. (L.S.)