Improvements in the Manufacture and Production of Hydroxyl or Peroxide of Hydrogen and in the Apparatus employed therein.
Year: 1890

page_text: Date of Application, 7th Mar., 1890
Complete Specification Left, 6th Dec., 1890-Accepted, 14th Feb., 1891
Improvements in the Manufacture and Production of Hydroxyl or
Peroxide of Hydrogen and in the Apparatus employed therein.
Droitwich, Worcestershire,
We, FREDERICK BALE, of Coventry Hospital,
Chemist, and THOMAS CHARLES SIMS, of 148, High Street, Cheltenham,
Gloucestershire, Baker and Confectioner, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention to be as follows:-
If carbonic acid (CO) be passed into ice-cold water, containing baric peroxide
(Ba 0₂) in suspension, baric carbonate (Ba CO,) is precipitated, and a solution of
hydroxyl is formed in the water thus:-
CO₂+OH₂+ Ba O₁ = Ba CO₂+ H₂O„.
We carry out our invention based on these and other facts, and principles in the
following manner.
1. Baric carbonate (Ba CO,) is taken, and heated to a white heat, at which
temperature it parts with its carbonic acid (CO), leaving oxide of barium (Ba O).
The ignited Ba CO, may have air passed over it to sweep out the carbonic acid
(CO) from the retort, or kiln, as formed, and to enable the carbonic acid (CO) to
be given off at a lower temperature.
Ba CO (ignited) = Ba O + CO₂.
2. The carbonic acid (CO₂) thus evolved, after being thoroughly cooled, by
passing it through a series of coolers, is conducted into a tower, retort, cylinder, or
chamber containing ice-cold water, and also holding baric peroxide in suspension,
when the following reaction takes place :-
CO₂+ Ba O₂+ OH₁ Ba CO, + H, O.
Or the carbonic acid (CO2), may be otherwise used, and to provide for the loss
of the carbonic acid (CO2) an ordinary lime kiln may be used or carbonic acid may
be obtained from other sources..
3. The barie oxide (Ba O) formed above is treated thus:-As the temperature
of the retort gets less, and when about a dull red heat, oxygen or air, is passed
through and over the heated baric oxide (Ba O) formed. The latter takes up an
additional atom of oxygen becoming baric peroxide (Ba O₂) which can be used in
the first part of our process.
2 Ba 0+0=2 Ba O
The tower, cylinder, or retort, in which the carbonic acid (CO) is passed and
containing baric peroxide (Ba O₁) suspended in ice-cold water we call the
converter.
The retort, kiln, &c. in which the baric carbonate (Ba CO3) is treated, and the
peroxide of barium recovered for use over and over again, we call the regenerator.
Or three separate apparatus may be used with advantage viz.: the tower, cylinder,
or retort for the formation of the hydroxyl (HO) by CO₂+ Ba O, and called the
converter. The converter may be worked with a fan revolving over its bottom to
sweep the precipitated barium carbonate (Ba CO3) as formed, into pockets at the
side, from whence it may be removed to the decomposer.
A retort kiln &c. for the decomposition of the baric carbonate (Ba CO₂) formed
in the converter, by igniting it at a white heat, and expelling the carbonic acid
(CO₂) and called the decomposer.
And the regenerater as above stated for passing air or oxygen at a suitable

page_text: temperature, over the baric oxide (Ba O), to convert it into baric peroxide
(Ba O₂).
By taking out portions of the precipitated baric carbonate (Ba CO₁), from the
converter, and placing it in the decomposer and then taking from this latter, an
equivalent quantity of baric oxide (Ba O), and placing it into the regenerater, and
taking from the regenerater an equivalent portion of barie peroxide (Ba O₁), and
placing it in the converter, the process may be made continuous and the round of
operations may be carried on indefinitely, and the carbonic acid (CO) and baric
peroxide (Ba 0) being recovered for use over and over again continually.
The solution of hydroxyl (HO) in the converter, may be drained off at times and
stored as required.
We will now describe the "converter,"
decomposer," and
regenerater."
1. The converter may consist of a cylinder, or other chamber, revolving or fixed,
vertical horizontal or inclined, enamelled or not, on the inside. The carbonic acid
(CO) may be admitted into the converter at some distance from the bottom, to
allow sufficient space for the precipitated baric carbonate (Ba CO₂) to rest as
formed. The bottom of the converter may be oblique or conical, and made to open
for the removal of the baric carbonate (Ba CO,) as required. The converter may
be divided on the inside into sections so as to oppose as much resistance as possible
to the escape of carbonic acid (CO₂). The converter also may be worked in series
if required so that the (CO₂) escaping from the first may be passed into and
utilised in the second, and third, &c. Or it may be furnished with a fan as above
mentioned.
2. The decomposer and regenerater may each consist of an iron or earthenware
retort, chamber. or cylinder, fixed or unfixed, or made so as to revolve either
obliquely, or horizontally, and both may be placed in, and heated by a common
furnace if required.
.
The air may be drawn through or blown through the regenerater by a fan or
exhauster.
In commencing operations.
1. The converter is filled with ice-cold water containing baric peroxide (Ba Q₂)
in suspension and the carbonic acid (CO2) admitted.
2. The decomposer is filled at the same time with baric carbonate (Ba CO₂) and
raised to a white beat, when carbonic acid (CO) flies off and baric oxide (Ba O)
remains. The carbonic acid (CO) is passed through coolers before being admitted
to the converter.
3. The regenerater at the same time, is filled with baric oxide (Ba 0), raised to
a dull red heat, and dry air or oxygen passed through, by which the baric oxide
(Ba 0) becomes baric peroxide (Ba O).
As the process proceeds, portions of the precipitated baric carbonate (Ba CO.,),
are taken from 1 and placed in 2, and a portion taken of baric oxide (Ba 0) from 2,
and placed in 3, and an equal portion taken from 3 of baric peroxide (Ba Oy) and
placed in 1, and thus the round of operations goes on without let or hindrance.
Dated March Sixth 1890.
FREDERICK BALE.
THOMAS CHARLES SIMS.
ITTUALIUN.
Improvements in the Manufacture and Production of Hydroxyl or
Peroxide of Hydrogen and in the Apparatus employed therein.
We, FREDERICK BALE, of Coventry Hospital, Droitwich, Worcestershire,
Chemist, and THOMAS CHARLES SIMS, of 148, High Street, Cheltenham,
Gloucestershire, Baker and Confectioner, do hereby declare the nature of this
invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly
described and ascertained in and by the following statement:—
If carbonic acid (CO) be passed into ice-cold water, containing baric peroxide

page_text: CO₂+ Da ₂+OHg= Ba COg + H¸ O¸.
Or the carbonic acid (CO) may be otherwise used and to provide for the loss of
the carbonic acid (CO) an ordinary lime kiln may be used, or carbonic acid (CO)
may be obtained from other sources.
3. The baric oxide formed above is treated thus: As the temperature of the retort
gets less, and when about a full red heat dry oxygen or air, is passed through and
over the heated baric oxide (Ba 0) formed. The latter takes up an additional
atom of oxygen, becoming baric peroxide (Ba O₂) which can be used in the first
part of our process. 2 Ba 0+0=2 Ba O. We have found it better to use air
free from carbonic acid and moisture by separating these by well known means.
4. The tower, cylinder, or retort, in which the carbonic acid (CO3) is passed and
containing baric peroxide (Ba O₂) suspended in ice-cold water we call the con-
verter. Instead of Ba O other peroxides, which will form a carbonate with CO¡
when suspended in water, may be used with more or less advantage.
The retort, kiln, &c. in which the baric carbonate (Ba CO,) is treated & the
peroxide of barium recovered for use over and over again we call the regenerater.
Or three separate apparatus may be used with advantage; viz. the tower;
cylinder, or retort for the formation of the hydroxyl (HO) by CO,+ Ba O₁ and
called the converter. The converter may be worked with a fan revolving over its
bottom to sweep the precipitated baric carbonate as formed into pockets at the side;
from whence it may be removed to the decomposer.
A retort kiln &c. for the decomposition of the baric carbonate (Ba CO) formed
in the converter " by igniting it at a white or lower heat, and expelling the
carbonic acid (CO), and called the "decomposer."
And the regenerater as above stated for passing air or oxygen, at a suitable
temperature over the baric oxide (Ba 0) to convert it into baric peroxide (Ba O.):
By taking out portions of the precipitated baric carbonate (Ba CO₂) from the
"converter" and placing it into the decomposer and then taking from this latter
an equivalent quantity of baric oxide (Ba 0) and placing it into the regenerater
and taking from the regenerater an equivalent portion of (Ba 0,) baric peroxide.
and placing in the converter, the process may be made continuous and the round of
operations may be carried on indefinitely, and the (CO) carbonic, acid and barié
peroxide (Ba O₁) being recovered for use over and over again continually..
The solution of hydroxyl (HO) in the converter may be drained off at times as
formed and stored as required.
We will now describe the converter," decomposer," and " regenerater."
1. The converter may consist of a cylinder, or tower, or other chamber, revolving,"
or fixed, vertical, horizontal, or inclined, enamelled or not, on the inside. The CO,

page_text: may be admitted into the converter at some distance from the bottom to allow
sufficient space for the precipitated baric carbonate (Ba CO₂) to rest as formed.
The bottom of the converter may be oblique or conical and made to open for the
be
removal of the baric carbonate (Ba CO) as required. The converter may
divided on the inside into sections, so as to oppose as much resistance as possible to
the escape of carbonic acid (CO₂). The converters also may be worked in series if
required, so that the CO, escaping from the first, may be passed into and utilised in
the second and third &c. Or it may be furnished with a fan as above mentioned.
I prefer the converter described below, and in the accompanying figure.
2. The decomposer and regenerater may each consist of an iron or earthenware
retort, chamber, or cylinder, fixed or unfixed or made so as to revolve, either
obliquely or horizontally, and both may be placed in, and heated by a
furnace if required.
common
The air may be drawn through or blown through the regenerater by a fan or
exhauster.
In commencing operations:-
1. The converter is filled with ice-cold water containing baric peroxide in sus:
pension and the carbonic acid (CO₂) admitted. I prefer the converter described
below, thus doing away with the use of ice and using refrigerating machinery as
there mentioned.
2. The decomposer is filled at same time with baric carbonate (Ba CO³) and
raised to a white heat, when carbonic acid (CO) flies off and baric oxide remains.
The carbonic acid is passed through coolers before being admitted to the converter.
3. The regenerater at the same time is filled with baric oxide (Ba 0) raised to a
full red heat, and dry air or oxygen passed through by which the baric oxide (Ba O)
becomes baric peroxide (Ba O₂)..
As the process proceeds portions of the precipitated baric carbonate (Ba CO,)
are taken from 1 and placed in 2 and a portion taken of baric oxide (Ba O) from 2
and placed in 3 and an equal portion taken from 3 of baric peroxide (Ba O₂) and
placed in 1 and thus the round of operations goes on without let, or hinderance.
The mode of action is as follows. The cylinder A, A, is filled with water and
the requisite quantity of Ba O₂, added. Carbonic acid is passed in through E, and
the contents kept ice-cold by the refrigerator B, B. The agitator, bb, is set in
motion at the same time, and this goes on till the Ba O, is converted into Ba CO,
and a solution of HO (hydroxyl) of the requisite strength obtained. When this
point is reached the agitator is stopped, and the Ba CO, allowed to subside
below E, F. The tap or valve F, is opened and the hydroxyl is run off, the
current of CO, at E is diverted into a second cylinder. The sluice G, is now
opened and the precipitated Ba CO, falls into K, from which it is removed by the
door L, and placed in the kilu as described. The cylinder is now refilled with
water and Ba O from the hopper H. The agitator b, b, is set in motion,
E, opened and CO, admitted, and thus the round of operations goes on as before
continually.
In order to explain the process more fully we have added a sketch of the con-
verter which we prefer. A, A, A, is the cylinder about 30 feet high of iron
enamelled. b, b, is the agitator to keep the Ba O, in suspension, and distribute
the CO., and worked by pulley p. B, B, is the shell or jacket surrounding the
cylinder A, A, and connected with the refrigerating machinery, by C. c, is the con-
nection of jacket with second cylinder. D, exit, for CO, to second cylinder.
E, entrance or inlet for CO, to cylinder. F, outlet for HO. "G, sluice, for allow
ing the precipitated Ba CO, to fall into K. L, door which opens for removal
of Ba.CO3.
H, is the hopper for admitting Ba O, and water.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of the said inven-
tion and in what manner the same is to be performed, we declare that what we
claim is,
1. The combined process for making hydroxyl or peroxide of hydrogen (HO)

page_text: which consists in suspending the peroxide of barium in ice-cold water, and passing
into the same, a current of carbonic acid, whereby a solution of hydroxyl is obtained
and carbonate of barium is formed, and separating these. Then heating the car-
bonate of barium thus formed in a cylinder, retort, or chamber alone or mixed with
charcoal, coke or small coal, or passing a current of pure air, steam or other
neutral gas over the carbonate of barium, thus decomposing it at a lower tem-
perature, thereby forming carbonic acid and oxide of barium (Ba O) using the
carbonic acid thus obtained as above described, and passing over the oxide of
barium thus formed oxygen, or dry and hot, or cold air, free from carbonic acid,
thus converting the oxide of barium into the peroxide of barium (Ba O₂) and then
beginning the round of operations again.
2. In the manufacture of hydroxyl or peroxide of hydrogen from barium peroxide
and carbonic acid, the process for the reduction of barium carbonate at a low
temperature by mixing the same with charcoal, small coal or coke or passing over
the same a current of gas containing hydrogen or carbonic oxide free or combined.
3. In the manufacture of hydroxyl or peroxide of hydrogen (HO) from the
peroxide of barium and carbonic acid the use of hot and dry and pure air, or
oxygen for the conversion of barium oxide into barium peroxide, and for otherwise
regulating the temperature as described.
4. In the manufacture of hydroxyl or peroxide of hydrogen, from barium per-
oxide and carbonic acid, the use of the apparatus herein described as the converter,
combined with refrigerating apparatus, and also the three fold arrangement of con-
verter, decomposer and regenerater as described.