matthewleechen/300YearsOfBritishPatents huggingface dataset:
IMPROVEMENTS IN WHEELS FOR VEHICLES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Robert Lake at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
2nd October 1872.-A communication from abroad by Albert
Livingston Blackman, of Cross Plains, Tennessee, United States of
America.
I, WILLIAM ROBERT LAKE, of the Firm of Haseltine, Lake, & Co.,
Patent Agents, Southampton Buildings, London, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN WHEELS FOR VEHICLES,"
a communication, to be as follows:-
-
This Invention relates to improvements in the construction and
arrangement of the component parts of the wheel.
The hub consists of a hollow cylinder or cast tube having a circular
concave clamp disc or flange cast with it and against which the spokes
are held by another adjustable clamp disc or flange that screws on the
cylinder. This hollow tube may be made with a circular and alter-
nating recess or mortise clamp flange cast with it, in the recess of which
the spokes may be held with an adjustable corresponding alternating
recess clamp flange to close on the other edge of the spokes to hold and

page_text: •
keep them in place, and a flange nut or confining screw to screw on the
tube against the said clamp flange to govern its hold upon the spokes.
Two chilled iron or steel tubes that may be screwed or otherwise
fastened into the hub form a bearing for the axle. These tubes when
worn out can be replaced, thereby saving the hub from wear.
The spokes are dressed at one end trapezoidal or wedge shaped one
way, and are made to rest side by side against each other between the
discs, each spoke abutting against its neighbor, forming a complete
circle and one solid mass. These ends of the spoke are cut dovetailed,
corresponding to the space between the flanges, giving to the ends of the
spoke a broad base, which when resting on the face of the cast cylinder
aids materially in overcoming any tendency toward a lateral movement,
so that when either of the clamp flanges or discs is screwed home the
spokes are drawn tightly together. By the use of the alternating
recessed clamps the wheel may be made if necessary perfectly straight.
On the extreme end of each spoke may be screwed a shouldered
thimble screw that also screws in to the felly and forms an adjustable
tenon for the spokes. By this arrangement a spoke may be removed
and replaced at will without injury to the hub or rim, and without
removing the tire, and it may be used as a means for tightening the tire
without the necessity of cutting it. The fellies are jointed by oblique
instead of square shouldered joints. This construction - permits of
tightening without cutting the tire, and gives additional strength and
firmness to the wheel rim.
A NEW OR IMPROVED ARM FOR DISCHARGING OR IMPELLING MISSILES OR PROJECTILES FOR OFFENSIVE, DEFENSIVE, SPORTING, AND OTHER PURPOSES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Ayckbourn at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th July 1872.
I, FREDERICK AYCKBOURN, of North Brixton, in the County of
Surrey, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "A NEW OR IMPROVED ARM FOR DISCHARGING OR IMPELLING MISSILES OR
PROJECTILES FOR OFFENSIVE, DEFENSIVE, SPORTING, AND OTHER PURPOSES," to be
as follows (that is to say): :-
This Invention relates to a new or improved arm for discharging or
impelling missiles or projectiles for offensive, defensive, sporting, and
other purposes without the use of gunpowder or other explosive, and
consists in obtaining the necessary impellant force for the discharge of
the missile by means of india-rubber cord or cords, the india-rubber
being stretched when the arm is loaded and released to discharge the
missile.
A suitable lock is provided for holding the india-rubber whilst
stretched, and a trigger to release the same when required, the india-
rubber being attached to the arm either underneath the barrel or on

page_text: one or both sides thereof, and either enclosed or otherwise, as found
desirable. The arm may be made either breech or muzzle-loading, and
the missile employed be either a ball or other shaped bullet, or elongated
after the fashion of an arrow, or in short anything which in practice
may be found effective.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF GUN CARTRIDGES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Edward Orr at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 5th June
1872.
+
I, EDWARD ORR, of Dublin, in the County of Dublin, Ireland, do
hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
MANUFACTURE OF GUN CARTRIDGES," to be as follows:-
Gun cartridges are now manufactured of pasteboard and metal, the
metal being generally brass at the cap or tip.
My improvements consist in substituting for the cap or tip made of
metal a cap or tip formed, punched, or moulded of strong glue or other
cements made of animal, fish, or vegetable substances, or of a com-
position or combination of animal or vegetable substances, the said cap
or tip to be varnished with copal or other varnish in order to render it
entirely or comparatively waterproof. Cartridges made with these caps
or tips have sufficient tenacity to resist the explosive power to which
cartridges are generally subjected, are not affected by the influence of
the climate, and are also lighter and cheaper than cartridges having
metal caps or tips.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINDLES AND SHUTTLES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Carr at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 21st March
1872.
I, WILLIAM CARR, of Bury, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SPINDLES
AND SHUTTLES," to be as follows:-
The Invention relates to certain improvements in the spindles of self-
acting mules, and in shuttles for weaving the cops of weft spun upon
such spindles, the object of my Invention being to prevent the waste
of weft inseparable from the present process of removing the cop from
the spindle, and threading it on to the peg or tongue of the shuttle.
Instead of making the mule spindle all of one piece as at present, I
propose to make it in two parts, the upper part (upon which the cop is
spun) being screwed on to the lower part, and capable of being unscrewed
and removed therefrom. When the cop is completed, I take this upper
part of the spindle, and without removing the cop therefrom, I screw it
on to a short screw pin fixed in the shuttle in place of the ordinary peg
or tongue. The cops being thus never removed from the spindles are

page_text: not liable to injury, and the weft will draw readily off the cop to the
last coil, thus greatly economizing time and labor and preventing the
great waste of cop bottoms which has always hitherto occurred. Another
advantage is that an unskilled person can screw the spindle into the
shuttle, whereas considerable experience is required to place the loose
cops properly on to the peg or tongue of the shuttle.
A great improvement also is effected in the shuttle itself, as the peg
or tongue and its spring being dispened with, the square slot at one end
is not required, and the shuttle is much stronger and has no transverse
pins, which in the ordinary shuttle are liable to get out of place and
catch in the warp.
The spindle being screwed in its place cannot get out of its proper
position, and always remains firm and in a line with the centre of the
shuttle. The short screw pin on to which the spindle is screwed, may be
formed from the end of the tang of the shuttle tip, being held in its
place by a washer screwed on from the inside. In some cases instead
of making the upper part of the spindle removable, I use a spindle all
in one piece, as heretofore, and I fix thereon a thin metal tube or spool
rather longer than the cop, and the latter having been spun thereon I
remove the tube with the cop, and screw it on to the short screw peg in
the shuttle in the manner previously described.
IMPROVE- MENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN DOUBLING WORSTED AND OTHER YARNS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Bottomley at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
February 1872.
I, HENRY BOTTOMLEY, of Low Moor, near Bradford, in the County of
York, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVE-
MENTS IN MEANS OR APPARATUS EMPLOYED IN DOUBLING WORSTED AND OTHER
YARNS," to be as follows:-
The object of the Invention is to obtain a draft in the yarn between
the feed bobbins or spools or other holders and the delivery rollers for
delivering the yarn to the spindles to be doubled. For this purpose I
apply between such feed bobbins or other holders other extra rollers
between which the yarn is nipped, and by which its speed is regulated in
its passage to the delivery rollers. The speed of these extra rollers in
relation to that of the delivery rollers will vary, but the object is simply
to produce by a slight drag a tension that will prevent slack in the
passage of the yarn to the delivery rollers, & will thereby ensure more
even yarn in the doubling.
AN IMPROVED VALVE FOR BARRELS CONTAINING LIQUIDS AS WINE, BEER, AND CIDER
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Antoine Ray at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th June
1872. A communication from abroad by Perrellon (Pierre Marie),
a trader at Saint Etienne, Department of Loire, France.
I, ANTOINE RAY, of Castle School, Guildford, (Surrey), do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED VALVE FOR
BARRELS CONTAINING LIQUIDS AS WINE, BEER, AND CIDER," to be as follows:-
My improved valve, which I call an alcoholic valve or wine pipe, for
which I ask that Provisional Protection of six months, has for its aim
to allow to draw from the barrel the wine, beer, cider, and all the other
kinds of fermented liquors, to the last drop without these liquids being
made sour or altered. Often these liquids are altered during the acting
of drawing of in consequence of the introduction into the barrel of the
air which is vitiated especially in cellars.
The utensil called alcoholic valve when the liquid is drawn from the
tap allows but the entrance in the barrel of purified air having passed
through the alcohol which it contains. Alcohol, as it is known, has
the property of destroying the corpuscles, the sperms, the ferments, and

page_text: then the air does no longer bring with it those germs which are the
principle of the deterioration of these liquids. This alcoholic valve,
the description of which follows according to the plan, is placed on the
top of the barrel near the bung after a small hole has been made in
it. We put in this hole the perforated spiggot A, the upper part of
which is placed in the cork B, so that the air cannot penetrate in the
barrel except through the spiggot hole A' (see Fig. 2). Then we place
on the cork B the recipient C of the apparatus, which is a reservoir
almost spherical containing the alcohol. In the centre is a tubular
communication D destined for the passage of the air which is in the
reservoir. This air goes through the alcohol and enters in a kind of
turned upside down glass E which is used as a cap for the tubular
communication D, it ascends to the orifice of this communication and
enters this way in the barrel, as it is indicated in the plan by the red
line M, N. To allow the entrance of the air in the apparatus there are
air holes in e, e, which are not shut by the border of the glass E. By
that construction the alcohol is not in communication with the liquid
of the barrel, and we can see through the glass if the alcohol is always
in a sufficient quantity in the apparatus. That alcoholic valve works in
the two directions of the line M, N. In the direction from M to N
the air comes in the barrel saturated with alcohol at the moment of the
drawing of, and in the direction from N to M the gases produced by
the fermentation or by any other cause can escape from the barrel,
in both of those cases the barrel remains hermetically sealed. This
alcoholic valve dispenses with clarifying wines, and it preserves from all
deterioration the liquid drawn from day to day; this process dispenses
also with the necessity for bottling.
AN IMPROVED JACK
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on
the 30th March 1872.-A communication from abroad by Gabriel
Coulouvrat, of 37, Boulevard Bonne-Nouvelle, Paris, France,
Machinist.
.
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand,
in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED JACK," a communication
to me from abroad by Gabriel Coulouvrat, of 37, Boulevard Bonne-
Nouvelle, Paris, France, Machinist, to be as follows:-
The construction of this jack will be best understood by reference to
the accompanying Sheet of Drawing, upon which No. 1 indicates the
crank; No. 2, pinion with bevil wheel; No. 3, nut composed of a
vertical axle, a bevil wheel, and an endless screw; No. 4, tumbler or
shifting piece fitted on the top of the axle of the nut; No. 5, catch or
piece intended to keep the tumbler from moving, and consequently to fix
the endless screw in the rack; No. 6, rack; No. 7, spring; and No. 8,
elevation of the jack in its entirety.

page_text: Working. In turning the crank the pinion turns with it and gives a
vertical movement to the nut by its bevil wheel; this causes the endless
screw to move in the rack, and rise and fall accordingly as the crank is
turned to the right or to the left. Nos. 2 and 3 show this movement.
By reason of the nearly vertical position of the endless screw and of the
rack the crank may be released at any moment, and the load will remain
in the position to which it has been brought at that moment.
When the tumbler No. 4 is no longer stopped by the piece No. 5 as
shown, that is to say, when the catch No. 5 is raised leaving the tumbler
free, this latter leaves the top of the axle of the nut free to move from
A to B (as shown on Drawing in top plan view) which permits the
· endless screw to come out of the rack, which may then be pushed down
without using the crank.
To put the endless screw into or out of gear with the rack all that is
required is to give the crank one or two turns backward or forward, but
this result is only obtained when the load no longer acts, otherwise it
keeps the screw in the rack. This gearing and ungearing of the screw
is consequent upon the pressure of the bevil wheel of the pinion on that
of the nut only when the catch No. 5 is raised.
The object of the spring No. 7 is to keep the rack in the position in
which it is placed when the endless screw is disengaged therefrom.
The working may be made easier by lessening the diameter of the
bevil wheel of the pinion.
IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF LOOPED OR KNITTED FABRICS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Thornton at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 10th
April 1872.
I, WILLIAM THORNTON, of the Town and County of the Town of
Nottingham, Manufacturer, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN MACHINERY FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF LOOPED
OR KNITTED FABRICS," to be as follows:-
This Invention consists of a new arrangement of certain parts of a
circular knitting machine, in which needles or looping instruments with
hooks or beards at both ends are used, the fabric being made by forming
the loops alternately at the two ends of the needles. The needles used
are made with a long hook at one end, and a shorter hook at the other
end, and are placed in the machine in grooves cut for them to slide in,
first one way, then the other.
The machine is so constructed that at any course when desired the
long hooks of the needles are caused to mispress, and thereby to retain
the loops previously formed upon them. Any thread supplied from a
bobbin or spool being laid in such hooks when their previously formed

page_text: loops are thus retained will with such retained loops be pressed off
together in a succeeding course and will form tuck stitches, as is well
known. But instead of laying the thread under the long hooks to form
tuck stitches, I so arrange the thread guides and feeding wheels or their
equivalent with respect to the needles that the thread will be laid on the
long hooks of the needles, which will retain the previously formed loops,
and under the short hooks of the alternate or remaining needles, which
alternate or remaining needles will throw off the loops previously formed,
new loops being formed on them in the usual manner, while the long
hooks will not take any fresh thread but will be slid from under the
thread laid on them, leaving such thread forming a long loop upon the
surface of the fabric.
IMPROVEMENTS IN SCISSORS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Henry Joseph Francis Hubert
Foveaux at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his
Petition, on the 10th January 1872.
I, HENRY JOSEPH FRANCIS HUBERT FOVEAUX, of No. 62, Strand,
in the County of Middlesex, Surgical Instrument Maker, do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN SCISSORS,”
to be as follows:-
"
The main feature of my Invention is the combination of a pair of
scissors with a spring forceps whereby I greatly facilitate the handling
of the instrument.
On the accompanying Sheet of Drawing Fig. 1 is a front elevation,
and Figure 2 an end elevation of a pair of nail scissors embodying
my Invention, drawn full size.
A, spring forceps; B, scissors; c, c¹, bearings on which the scissor
handles d are loosely pinned; e, stop pin entering the hole f when
the two branches of the forceps are pressed together, and preventing
the overlapping of the scissor blades; 9, 9', upper ends of branches of
spring forceps.

page_text: In using this instrument the thumb should be placed upon one of
these ends, say g, and the forefinger upon that g', and it will be evident
that pressure being applied upon this extension of the branches beyond
the bearings c, c¹, of the scissor blades will give great power, and also
that the proximity of the finger and thumb to the cutters will greatly
facilitato turning and guiding the instrument in every direction while
cutting. This instrument is specially well adapted for use with the left
hand
In using this instrument the thumb should be placed upon one of
these ends, say g, and the forefinger upon that g', and it will be evident
that pressure being applied upon this extension of the branches beyond
the bearings c, c¹, of the scissor blades will give great power, and also
that the proximity of the finger and thumb to the cutters will greatly
facilitate turning and guiding the instrument in every direction while
cutting. This instrument is specially well adapted for use with the left
hand
In scissors intended for certain surgical operations, when no great
power is needed and it is desirable that the fingers of the operator
should not be too near his work, I do not carry the branches of the
forceps beyond the bearings c, c¹.
Although I have shown my Invention adapted to a pair of nail
scissors I purpose applying it to scissors of all kinds and of any
dimensions.
A NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR LIGHTING CIGARS AND PIPES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Maurice Beil at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 24th October
1872.
I, MAURICE BEIL, of No. 111, Clifton Street, Finsbury, in the County of
Middlesex, Commission Merchant, do hereby declare the nature of the
said Invention for "A NEW OR IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR LIGHTING CIGARS AND
PIPES," to be as follows:-
1
The said apparatus consists of a small flat box to be carried in the
pocket, the said box being made by preference of vulcanite and provided
with a jointed lid or cover. The body of the box is divided horizontally
into two compartments. In the lower compartment is a series of
parallel water-tight divisions, the said divisions constituting the cells of
a voltaic battery. In the said cells the sulphuric acid or other exciting
liquid of the battery is placed together with the positive and negative
elements of the battery. After the voltaic battery has been arranged
the cells are closed with a cover so as to prevent the escape of liquid.
In the upper compartment of the box is an induction coil to which
the positive and negative poles of the battery are connected. By means

page_text: of this induction coil electricity of a high tension is obtained. The
positive and negative poles of the secondary wire of the induction coil
pass through openings in the closed top of the body of the box, and are
arranged at such a distance apart that sparks will readily pass between
them when the circuit is interrupted in the primary wire of the induction
coil. The lighting of the cigar or pipe is effected at the poles of the
secondary wire of the coil between which sparks pass. In the path
of the primary coil is the ordinary vibrating apparatus for effecting
the alternate, completion and interruption of the current from the
battery. A stop carried by the inside of the lid of the box is brought
into contact when the said lid is closed with the said vibrating apparatus,
which is thereby fixed and the current interrupted. On raising the
lid the said vibrating apparatus is liberated, and a series of sparks pass
between the poles of the secondary wire of the induction coil. These
sparks continue to pass so long as the lid of the apparatus is open, and
cease immediately the lid is shut down.
IMPROVEMENTS IN FUEL
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Simeon Carter at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 6th Sep-
tember 1872.
I, SIMEON CARTER, of 9, York Rise, Highgate Road, in the Parish
of St. Pancras, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the.
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN FUEL," to be as
follows:-
First. The admixture of a number of cheap and plentiful constituent
bodies formed into convenient sized balls or otherwise conveniently
shaped, to be burnt with coals or coke or otherwise, thereby economising
fuel to a great degree, consequently benefitting the public.
Second. Their universal adaptation to all purposes of domestic, steam,
and other purposes for fuel.
Third. Extraordinary durability in comparison with coal, coke, or any
other similar bodies.
Fourth. Perfect freedom from any offensive, explosive, sulphurous, or
any thing dangerous or injurious to health.

page_text: Fifth. They produce but little smoke, burn as well with the cheapest
coal as with the best, can also be maintained by Linden's small coal or
coke. The bodies and constituents are divided into five parts, as
follows: Two parts from breese of coke, one part small coal, one part
prepared clay or other suitable material, one half part lime, quarter part
tar, quarter part sawdust; the whole being thoroughly mixed by
hand, tools, or machinery are then moulded and pressed into balls for
immediate use or otherwise, the properties not being injured by keeping
but rather improved.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BICHRO- MATES OF SODA AND POTASH
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to James Stevenson, Thomas Carlile, and John
Stevenson, all of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain,
for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF BICHRO-
MATES OF SODA AND POTASH."
Sealed the 2nd August 1872, and dated the 5th June 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said James Stevenson, Thomas
Carlile, and John Stevenson at the Office of the Commissioners of
Patents, with their Petition, on the 5th June 1872.
We, JAMES STEVENSON, THOMAS CARLILE, and JOHN STEVENSON, all
of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark, North Britain, do hereby declare
the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE
OF BICHROMATES OF SODA AND POTASH," to be as follows, that is to say:
-
This Invention has principally for its object by an improved combina-
tion of processes to facilitate the making of bichromate of soda in an
[Price 8d.]

page_text: economical manner and on a large scale, and so that it may be advan-
tageously substituted for bichromate of potash in various manufactures.
Bichromate of potash is also obtainable as a product in carrying out the
said improved combination of processes.
In practising the Invention chrome ore is calcined with lime or
magnesia and soda, or carbonate or nitrate of soda. The soluble
chromates formed by the calcination are dissolved out with water; and
the lime or magnesia in the solution is precipitated by adding the
requisite quantity of carbonate or bicarbonate of soda, leaving a solution
consisting almost exclusively of chromate of soda. The lime or magnesia
precipitated from the solution may be washed and dried and used over
again. If magnesia is used in the calcining process it may be recovered
from the undissolved residue by dissolving it out with hydrochloric acid
as chloride of magnesium, from which it is subsequently precipitated
as magnesia fit for reuse by adding lime. The solution of chromate
of soda is concentrated and has subsequently added to it sufficient
hydrochloric acid to combine with one half of the soda present, which
half separates as chloride in a granular or crystalline form leaving
bichromate of soda in solution. This solution of bichromate of soda is
decanted from the chloride of sodium and crystallised, and the mother
liquor remaining after separating the crystals is by preference utilised
by adding chloride of potassium, thereby forming bichromate of potash
which may be separated and crystallised in the ordinary way, or the
whole of the bichromate of soda may be converted into bichromate of
potash in the same way.
IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR FACILITATING WRITING AND READING IN VEHICLES OF MOTION
Year: 1872

page_text: "
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Frederick Helmore at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
17th June 1872.
I, FREDERICK HELMORE, of 33, Saint James Street, and 66, Jermyn
Street, Westminster, in the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR FACILITATING
WRITING AND READING IN VEHICLES OF MOTION," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an apparatus for facilitating writing and
reading in vehicles of motion, such as railway trains, road coaches,
steamboats, and other vehicles, and consists of a case or box with a lid
or slab to slide in grooves in, say, the side walls, such slab being capable
of fixation at any part by spring or other clips or pins which take into a
rack or a series of apertures for the purpose. One end of the slab has
one or more flaps or clip pieces, under which a sheet of paper, an
envelope, or even a book can be arranged and held while the writing is
being performed or the book being read. The interior of the box can be
divided into compartments and be furnished with writing materials, these
being held in place by elastic bands, swivel clips, or other appliances.

page_text: I provide the box with a strap, which can be passed over the shoulder
and under one arm, so as to enable the apparatus to be held firmly to the
body by the strain put upon the strap and by one hand, while, say, the
writing can be performed with the other hand with facility. Another
strap or cord with a loop in it can be carried down to the foot of the
person using the apparatus, if desired, to assist in steadying it. One or
more cross bars, with or without rings, can be arranged on the outside
to guide the hand when writing, to ensure the lines being written in a
straight manner under any condition of travelling, whether the oscil-
lations of the vehicle be heavy or light. The slab or lid can be reversed,
if desired, and one side of it can be arranged with a strap or band to
hold a book in position, while the other side is occupied by a sheet
of paper, or both book and paper can be arranged on the same side.
The apparatus is also applicable for facilitating the taking of notes in
lecture halls, courts of justice, and other places, it being of a portable
handy character.
A NEW METHOD OF ARMOUR PLATING SHIPS AND BATTERIES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by James Schneur at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 26th
October 1872.
I, JAMES SCHNEUR, of Terminus Hotel, London Bridge, in the
Borough of Southwark, Civil Engineer, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "A NEW METHOD OF ARMOUR PLATING SHIPS AND
BATTERIES," to be as follows:-
My Invention has for its object to protect ships and batteries from
damage from shot and other projectiles, by armour plating them with
iron or steel frames in which are held elastic materials, such as wool,
hair, cotton, old ropes, or cables, hemp, flax, straw, cocoanut fibres or
other fibrous substances prepared or mixed with pitch, tar, rosin, or
other resinous or bituminous substance dissolved in naptha or other
solvent. In combination with these materials sheets of iron, or lead, or
skins, hides, or leather may be used. Those substances are to be
compresssed into the iron frames in layers between which are placed
bars or plates of iron. The iron frames containing these elastic sub-.
stances are secured in any convenient manner to the sides or external
face of the ship or battery, and the joints between the frames and also

page_text: the exposed ends of the iron dividing bars or plates are protected from
injury by being covered up with rolls or coils of the elastic material,
which are rolled upon bars or axles whereby they are secured to arms
or brackets extending from the iron frames.
The dividing bars may be placed either vertically or horizontally, and
the coils or rolls of elastic material may be placed either vertically or
horizontally. One great advantage of this system of armour plating is
that it is about fifty per cent. lighter than the ordinary metal plating,
and it is also about fifty per cent cheaper.
AN IMPROVED LUNCHEON OR REFRESHMENT CASE
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Clark at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 20th May
1872. A. communication from abroad by Ignace Léon Odrovonge-
Wysocki, of Paris, France.
I, WILLIAM CLARK, of 53, Chancery Lane, in the County of Mid-
dlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED LUNCHEON OR REFRESHMENT CASE," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to an improved portable case for containing
within a small compass and so as to be readily accessible both eatables
and table requisites, it being more especially intended for use when
travelling, or for picnic and pleasure parties.
The case is made to fold up for carrying under the arm, and it may
also be provided with handles for carrying in the hand. The case which
is made of leather, leather cloth, or other material, may be of a size
to contain not only sufficient food for a light meal, but also small
apparatus for cooking or heating tea or coffee, and also tobacco, cigars,
matches, and other small articles useful on such occasions.

page_text: The case is provided on the one side with pockets or holders for the
various table requisites, such as cruets, salt, and pepper boxes, plate,
knife and fork, flask and drinking cup, and a roll; while in the other
side there is a larger pocket for containing a table napkin, which pocket
may be divided into several compartments if desired.
Two side flaps which may also be provided with suitable pockets
enclose the various articles in the case, which is then folded together
and secured by locking or otherwise.
IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING, AND IN PICKERS TO BE EMPLOYED THEREWITH
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Marsden Taylor at the Office of
the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 15th June
1872.
I, MARSDEN TAYLOR, of Over Darwen, in the County of Lancaster,
Weaving Overlooker, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention
for "IMPROVEMENTS IN LOOMS FOR WEAVING, AND IN PICKERS TO BE EMPLOYED
THEREWITH," to be as follows:-
The object of this Invention is,—
Firstly. The construction of looms for weaving, and relates specially
to the construction of mechanism whereby the reed is rendered self-
acting, either as fast reed or loose reed, or the two combined.
Secondly. My improvements relate to the construction of a picker of
simple and durable construction.
In constructing looms according to this my Invention I attach to
one of the slay swords a rail divided about midway its length.and
supported at such division by a spring so as to leave one half of such
rail free to move or work when brought in contact with a tumbler,

page_text: herein-after described. Under the slay near each end thereof I secure
a small bearing supporting a short shaft or pin. On one end of
said shaft or pin is a finger, on the other end thereof is a quadrant
or counterbalance weight lever; to the latter is attached a cord or
wire, the other end of which is connected with the "check strap,"
so that when the shuttle boxes properly the action of the shuttle
on the said strap will cause the quadrant and shaft on which it is
attached to make a partial revolution and so raise the finger (above
referred to) against which the reed will rest and be held firm, securing
a fast reed for the beat up, but should the shuttle fail from any cause
to "box," and so fail to act on the check strap and quadrant, the
finger will not be raised, there being in such case no obstacle to
hinder the reed being forced back; I have thus a loose reed arrange-
ment. To the said quadrant is also attached a cord which is also
secured to a tumbler block working on the rail, herein described.
A lever or arm attached to the breast beam carries a projection,
which (when the shuttle does not enter the box will) on the advance
of the slay and reed be brought into contact with the tumbler, and
so force back the reed before damage can be done to the yarn by the
shuttle being caught therein. The spring at the back of the rail
holds the same by means of two or more wings firmly against the reed
binder.
The picker I construct of hard wood, the picking face or front of
which is faced with india-rubber, and in front thereof is a doubled
strip of buffalo hide secured thereto by means of a hollow bolt and
nut which serves as the ordinary spindle hole. In the tongue and
lower part of the wood portion of the said picker are cut or formed
therein a number of saw gauges within which are strips of india-rubber
giving elasticity and saving the picker from shock. A wire eye is
secured to the back of the picker through which the end of the picking
strap is passed, and the end of the strap is hooked on a pin on the upper
end of the said picker, and so the connection is complete.
•
INPROVED PROCESS FOR ANNEALING AND CLEANSING THE SURFACES OF IRON OR OTHER METALS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William George Brunner at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
20th November 1872.—A communication from abroad by Messieurs
Schulz & Heyl, of Berlin, in the Empire of Germany.
I, WILLIAM GEORGE BRUNNER, of Glasgow, in the County of Lanark,
North Britain, Partner of the Firm of Brunner Brothers & Company,
do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention of an "INPROVED
PROCESS FOR ANNEALING AND CLEANSING THE SURFACES OF IRON OR OTHER METALS,"
the same being a communication to me from abroad by Messieurs
Schulz & Heyl, of Berlin, in the Empire of Germany, to be as follows,
that is to say :-
This Invention which relates to annealing and cleansing the surfaces
of iron and other metal sheets, or wires, or articles manufactured there-
from, consists in placing the said sheets or wires or manufactured articles
in an ordinary arrangement of annealing oven or kiln, and' boiling or
treating them with liquid and solid excreta of animals for from 20 to 30
minutes, according as it is required to produce a harder or softer class of
article. After being thus treated the iron or other metal sheets, wire, or

page_text: manufactured articles are allowed to cool slowly, and are thereafter with-
drawn from the oven or kiln.
In carrying out this Invention the oven or kiln is constructed with
flues or passages to carry off the noxious vapours and gases from the
oven or kiln.
AN IMPROVED PORTFOLIO OR CASE FOR CONTAINING VALUABLE PAPERS AND DOCUMENTS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by John Henry Johnson at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
13th September 1872.-A communication from abroad by Louis
Charles Leonce Chamoüin, of Paris, in the Republic of France.
I, JOHN HENRY JOHNSON, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, in the County
of Middlesex, Gentleman, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "AN IMPROVED PORTFOLIO OR CASE FOR CONTAINING VALUABLE
PAPERS AND DOCUMENTS," a communication to me from abroad by Louis
Charles Leonce Chamoüin, of Paris, in the Republic of France, to be as
follows:-
This Invention relates to a peculiar construction and arrangement of
portfolio or case for containing important or valuable
and
papers
documents, wherein provision is made for the classification of the papers
in separate envelopes or pockets, and for making a list of the contents of
any one of the pockets, or for recording notes or memoranda in reference
to any of the papers contained in any given pocket on the back of the
same pocket, so that any single document and information thereon can at
The
once be found without disturbing the general contents of the case.

page_text: said case consists generally of a number of separate packets united
together along the edge at the back so as to open out like the leaves of a
book, each pocket being closed by a flap of its own, and having a tablet
on the back for receiving a list of its contents and any memoranda in
reference thereto. The outer backs of the case or portfolio may be rigid
or limp and the case may be closed by one or more straps, bands, ribbons
or otherwise, and kept in a separate box or case provided with a lock.
If desired the whole may be so constructed and of such a size as to
form a separate and independent article of furniture for the safe custody
of papers, affording at the same time a ready means of reference or access
thereto.
AN IMPROVED DRAUGHT APPARATUS FOR STEAM ENGINES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Edward Gedge at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
26th April 1872.-A communication from abroad by Anatole
Chevallier, of No. 64, Faubourg St. Martin, Paris, France.
.i
I, WILLIAM EDWARD GEDGE, of No. 11, Wellington Street, Strand,
in the County of Middlesex, Patent Agent, do hereby declare the nature
of the said Invention for "AN IMPROVED DRAUGHT APPARATUS FOR STEAM
ENGINES," a communication to me from abroad by Anatole Chevallier, of
No. 64, Faubourg St. Martin, Paris, France, to be as follows:—
The improved draught apparatus, the subject of this Invention, is
applicable to steam engines with return flame boiler tubes, as shown on
the longitudinal section, Fig. 1 of the accompanying Sheet of Drawing,
in which engine's defective draught usually necessitates the erection of a
large chimney, and entails great expense. This is avoided by means of
the improved blast apparatus or blower herein-after described, by which
a better draught may be obtained than by any of the means hitherto
adopted.

page_text: This blast apparatus or blower is iustrated, Figures 1 and 2 of the
annexed Sheet of Drawing, and consists,―
1°. In a steam pipe H in the dome F of the boiler D.
2º. A pipe I running along the front of the boiler D opens at J in the
middle of the boiler tube G after passing through the ash box M, C.
The action is as follows:-The engine being under steam at a pressure
of one atmosphere only the blower is set at work by opening the cock N
of the steam pipe H. The flame from the fire-place, which by means of
the plate K naturally follows the direction indicated by the arrows, is
violently drawn into the tube G by the steam jet J of the blower, which
creates a constant vacuum in the chamber M. This chamber, through
which the flame passes in its return before entering the boiler tube G, is
separated from the ash box or pit by a strong wrought-iron door L
hinged beneath the plate K and resting on the lower part of the ash box.
This arrangement which is very cheaply fitted gives not only a
constant draught, but also permits putting the engine under pressure in
much less time than by means of the best built shaft.
On the Drawing A indicates the fire-place; B, fire-bars; C, ash box;
D, E, boiler; F, dome; G, boiler tube; H, steam supply pipe of blower;
I, blower or blast pipe; J, mouth of blower or blast pipe; K, tail plate
of fire-place; L, moveable door; M, draught chamber; N, cock of
blower or blast pipe.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF BOLSTERS FOR THE SPINDLES OF MACHINES USED IN SPINNING AND DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1872

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Benjamin. Brown, of Bury, in the County of
Lancaster, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION
OF BOLSTERS FOR THE SPINDLES OF MACHINES USED IN SPINNING AND DOUBLING
COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS."
Sealed the 3rd January 1873, and-dated the 14th November 1872.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Benjamin Brown at the
Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the
14th November 1872.
I, BENJAMIN BROWN, of Bury, in the County of Lancaster, do hereby
5 declare the nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CON-
STRUCTION OF BOLSTERS FOR THE SPINDLES OF MACHINES USED IN SPINNING AND
DOUBLING COTTON AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
This Invention relates to the construction of the bolsters or long
collars which are fixed in the bolster rail or lifting rail which carries

page_text: the bobbins in such machines, the object of the said Invention being to
reduce the friction and lighten the weight carried round by the bobbin,
and to enable bobbins with a smaller bore and thinner barrel than here-
tofore to be employed.
I use a bolster made with a flange to rest upon the surface of the rail,
and a long tube to carry the bobbin, the hole being (by preference) bored
slightly taper so as only to bear upon the spindle at the top. The
exterior of the tube is made with a neck at top and bottom, and on
these necks are fitted loose rings, the external diameter of which is
slightly in excess of that of the fixed tube, and the bobbin is bored out
to fit these rings so that the bobbin bears upon these rings only, and not
upon the fixed tube.
The requisite amount of drag is given to the bobbin by placing a
loose washer of metal, leather, cloth, or other suitable material between
the bottom flange of the bobbin and the fixed flange of the bolster, and
as the amount of drag will be in proportion to the area of the surface
of these washers the drag may be regulated at any time by using
washers of a larger or smaller diameter.
AN IMPROVED FASTENER FOR SCARVES AND NECKTIES
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Hesketh Hughes at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 23rd
January 1872.
I, Hesketh Hughes, of Homerton, in the County of Middlesex,
Engineer, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "AN
IMPROVED FASTENER FOR SCARVES AND NECKTIES," to be as follows :—
This Invention relates to fasteners for those scarves and neckties
through the knot or bow of which the end of the band is passed and
secured by a spring flap.
The Invention consists in stamping or forming from one plate or piece
of metal the body, the spring, and the lugs or ears for the fastener. The
spring acts upon the flap which is stamped or formed from another piece
of metal and with projections to bear against the sides of the body lugs
to prevent the lateral strain when in wear.
The flap may be recessed to receive a portion of the body, so that
when the band is drawn through the fastener it is gripped the tighter
and prevented from slipping.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CORSETS AND STAYS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by Robert Gamble at the Office
⚫ of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition, on the 18th
January 1872.
I, ROBERT GAMBLE, of 2, West Terrace, Tredegar Road, Bow, in
the County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the said
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF CORSETS AND STAYS,"
to be as follows:-
Corsets and stays as now made are closed in the back by lacing, and
fastened by an ordinary busk in front. After the busk is fastened the
lace has to be tied to make the corset or stay a fit.
My Invention consists in obviating the necessity of tying or lacing,
and doing away altogether with the opening at the back, and I carry
this into effect by the following means:-The stay or corset is made
without any opening in the back, but is fastened in front by means of
a broad busk with three slits which allows the top sliding steel to close
an inch or more after the corset or stay is put on; the fit is effected by
means of three studs running into the slits and so arranged as to close
up as tight as the wearer may desire.
IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF CARDING ENGINES FOR CARDING COTTON, COTTON AND SILK WASTE, AND OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS
Year: 1872

page_text: PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by William Turner and John
Pridmore at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with their
Petition, on the 2nd October 1872.
We, WILLIAM TURNER, of Edenfield, and JOHN PRIDMORE, of
Rochdale, both in the County of Lancaster, do hereby declare the
nature of the said Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF
CARDING ENGINES FOR CARDING COTTON, COTTON AND SILK WASTE, AND OTHER
FIBROUS MATERIALS," to be as follows:-
-
Our Invention relates principally to the construction of carding
engines employed for carding hard cotton waste, but it may also be
applied to engines for carding cotton, silk waste, and other fibrous
materials. The Invention consists principally of a certain novel
arrangement of feed rollers, breaker roller, and taker-in roller for
delivering the fibrous material to the main carding cylinder, and is
designed for improving the quality of the yarn, and preventing the fibre
from falling through between the "taker-in" and the breaker.
For carding hard cotton waste, we employ the following arrangement :-
Instead of placing the feeding rollers in a vertical line one above the

page_text: other, the top roller is set rather forward, and between these feed rollers
and the taker-in roller, a small breaker roller is arranged so as to revolve
in contact with both feed rollers, and also with the taker-in roller. The
breaker roller has its centre higher than the centre of the taker-in roller,
and its card teeth are set in the same direction as those of the bottom feed
roller, but it revolves in the opposite direction. The taker-in roller
revolves in the reverse direction to the breaker roller, but is not in
contact with the main cylinder, an angle clearer roller being employed
to transfer the fibre to the main carding cylinder.
In some cases we propose by the use of three breaker rollers between
the feeding rollers and the taker-in roller to dispense entirely with the
use of one of the main carding cylinders, and to employ one main
carding cylinder only; the centre breaker roller revolving in the reverse
direction to the first and third and having its card teeth set in the
reverse direction also.
For carding fine cotton we propose to use a breaker roller placed
below the centre of the taker-in roller having its card teeth set in the
same direction as those of the top roller, but revolving in the direction
of the bottom roller. The taker-in has the direction of its teeth and of
its revolution reversed, and it revolves in contact with the main carding
cylinder, the angle clearer roller being dispensed with.