IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS AND APPARATUS FOR GENERATING STEAM
Year: 1864

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Louis Emile Constant Mariin, of No. 11, Adam
Street, Adelphi, in the County of Middlesex, for the Invention of
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS AND APPARATUS FOR GENERATING STEAM."
Sealed the 20th October 1864, and dated the 28th April 1864.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Louis Emile Constant
Martin, at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents, with his Petition,
on the 28th April 1864.
I, LOUIS EMILE CONSTANT MARTIN, of No. 11. Adam Street, Adelphi, in the
County of Middlesex, do hereby declare the nature of the Invention for
"IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS AND APPARATUS FOR GENERATING STEAM," to be as
follows:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in boilers and apparatas
for generating steam. For these purposes, in constructing boilers and appa-
ratus for generating steam, two or more fire-places or furnaces are by pre-
ference employed in each case. The form or construction of each boiler and
apparatus may be greatly varied, depending on the use to which the same are
to be applied. In constructing a boiler and apparatus, where two fire-places
or furnaces are used, the external form of the vessel containing the water
may be circular in its horizontal section or rectangular or otherwise. The
fire-places or furnaces are by preference constructed within the lower part of
the boiler, but they may, if desired, be arranged below the bottom of the
boiler or vessel containing the water. From the upper part of each of the
[Price Sd.]

page_text: furnaces or fire-places tubular flues rise up to a hollow chamber, which is
within the boiler or vessel containing the water, and usually the whole of this
chamber, and the tubular flues leading thereto are below the water level; but,
if desired, arrangements may be made for superheating the steam above the
water by some portion of the heated products which rise from the fires. In
some cases a steam pipe or pipes is or are used to introduce steam or super-
heated steam into this chamber, to mix with the products of combustion
therein. From this chamber there is a descending flue or it may be flues, at
the lower part of which there is a perforated grating or partition of fire-clay
or other suitable material, on which there is constantly kept a well ignited
fire of coke or other suitable fuel. Below this horizontal perforated grate or
partition there is a chamber or space communicating with a chimney, and a
fan or other suitable apparatus is applied for witharawing the products, in
order that there may at all times be a draft in that direction. To each of the
fire-places or furnaces there is a suitable ash-pit, and combustion of the fuel
in the furnaces or fire-places is supported by atmospheric air in the usual
manner.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent, filed
by the said Louis Emile Constant Martin in the Great Seal Patent Office
on the 27th October 1864.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, I, LOUIS
EMILE CONSTANT MARTIN, of No. 11, Adam Street, Adelphi, in the County of
Middlesex, send greeting..
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her Letters
Patent, bearing date the Twenty-eighth day of April, in the year of our Lord
One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four, in the twenty-seventh year of Her
reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors, give and grant unto me, the
said Louis Einile Constant Martin, Her special licence that I, the said Louis
Emile Constant Martin, my executors, administrators, and assigns, or such
others as I, the said Louis Emile Constant Martin, my executors, adminis-
trators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others, from
time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein expressed,
should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and vend, within the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel Islands, and Isle of Man, an
Invention for "IMPROVEMENTS IN BOILERS AND APPARATUS FOR GENERATING STEAM,"
upon the condition (amongst others) that I, the said Louis Emile Constant

page_text: Martin, my executors or administrators, by an instrument in writing under my,
or their, or one of their hands and seals, should particularly describe and ascer-
tain the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent Office
within six calendar months next and immediately after the date of the said
Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that I, the said Louis Emile Constant Martin do hereby
declare the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same is to be
performed, to be particularly described and ascertained in and by the following
statement thereof, that is to say:-
This Invention has for its object improvements in boilers and apparatus
for generating steam. For these purposes, in constructing boilers and appa-
ratus for generating steam, two or more fire-places or furnaces are by pre-
ference employed in each case. The form or construction of each boiler and
apparatus may be greatly varied, depending on the use to which the same are
to be applied. In constructing a boiler and apparatus where two fire-places
or furnaces are used, the external form of the vessel containing the water.
may be circular in its horizontal section, or rectangular, or otherwise. The
fire-places or furnaces are by preference constructed within the lower part of
the boiler, but they may, if desired, be arranged below the bottom of the
boiler or vessel containing the water. From the upper part of each of the
furnaces or fire-places tubular flues rise up to a hollow chamber, which is
within the boiler or vessel containing the water, and usually the whole of this
chamber, and the tubular flues leading thereto are below the water level; but,
if desired, arrangements may be made for superheating the steam above the
water by some portion of the heated products which rise from the fires. In
some cases a steam pipe or pipes is or are used to introduce steam or super-
heated steam into this chamber to mix with the products of combustion
therein. From this chamber there is a descending flue, or it may be flues, at
the lower part of which there is a perforated grating or partition of fire-clay
or other suitable material, on which there is constantly kept a well ignited
fire of coke or other suitable fuel. Below this horizontal perforated grate or
partition there is a chamber or space communicating with a chimney, and a
fan or other suitable apparatus is applied for withdrawing the products, in
order that there may at all times be a draft in that direction. To cach of the
fire-places or furnaces there is a suitable ash-pit, and combustion of the fuel
in the furnaces or fire-places is supported by atmospheric air in the usual
manner.
Having thus stated the nature of my Invention, I will proceed more fully to
describe the manner of performing the same.

page_text: Figures and 2 show two vertical sections of a steam boiler constructed
according to my Invention, these sections are taken at right angles to each
other; Figures 3 and 4 are two horizontal sections of the same.
A, A, are the fire-places or furnaces having feeding doors at A¹, A'. These
furnaces or fire-places are connected with the chamber C by tubular flues B,
which chamber in the arrangements shown is wholly immersed and is below
the water level in the boiler, but this may be varied, and a part or the whole
may rise above the water level. The products of combustion descend
from the chamber C down the flue or passage D, or it may be
through a series of tubular passages into the space above the grating or per-
forated partition E of fire-clay, on which is kept a fire of coke, or cinders,
or charcoal, which is fed either through doorways F, formed in the sides of
the chamber C, or the fuel may be passed through the upper passages F¹,
where it is ordinarily closed by the cylinder feeder G. The chamber or ash-
pit H communicates with a fan or other apparatus to ensure a draft in that
direction.
The construction of boilers and furnaces may be greatly varied when
carrying out my Invention, and it is not necessary in each case to have two
fire-places or furnaces A, and it may be found desirable in some cases to have
more than two fire-places A. Figures 5 and 6 show a vertical and horizontal
section of a steam boiler and furnaces or fire-places wherein two fire-places
or furnaces A are used in combination with one fire-place E, to which the
description previously given is applicable, excepting that the fire doors are all
shown to be at the sides.
Figures 7 and 8 show a vertical section and a horizontal section of another
arrangement of boiler where only one fire-place or furnace A is employed in
combination with one fire-place E, in which the ordinary fuel is supplied to
the furnace or fire-place A. The products of combustion pass into the upper
compartment or chamber C over the partition, and descend through the
grating or perforated partition E of fire-clay into the compartment H, from
which a draft is constantly induced by a fan or other suitable means.
Figures 9, 10, and 11 show a longitudinal section, a transverse section, and a
horizontal section of a locomotive steam boiler in which the fire-box is divided
by a hollow partition, and has through it numerous tubular passages C, which
connect the upper part B of the fire-place A with the upper part D of the
descending flue or compartment, where the perforated partition or grating E
of fire-clay is situated. In this arrangement the supply of air to the ash-pit

page_text: of the furnace A is by a folding valve or door J, by which the quantity of air
admitted to the fire in the fire-place A is regulated. The products of com-
bustion rising from the fire in A pass through the tubular passages C. and
thence descend through the fire on E, as before explained, and thence into
and away from the compartment H. the lower part of which is closed so as
to prevent the atmospheric air supplied through the passage J getting into the
compartment H except through the fire in A.
In each of the Figures shown by the Drawings, the same letters of reference
are employed, and although the forms of the parts thereby referred to are varied.
they respectively perform the like functions in each combination or
construction.
In witness whereof. I, the said Louis Emile Constant. Martin. have here-
unto set my hand and seal, this Twenty-fourth day of October. in the
year of our Lord One thousand eight hundred and sixty-four.
EMILE MARTIN. (L.s.)