A SADDLE OR PAD TO BE FIXED UPON A HORSE OR OTHER ANIMAL BY TWO GIRTHS, ONE OF WHICH FIXED ON EACH SIDE THE SADDLE AT OR NEAR THE HIND PART THEREOF, AND EACH BEING BROUGHT DIAGONALLY UNDERNEATH THE BODY OF THE HORSE, AND THEN FASTENED AT OR TOWARDS THE FORE PART OF THE SADDLE, ON THE OPPOSITE SIDE TO WHICH THEY ARE FIXED BEHIND, WI, AND THAT BY MEANS THEREOF, AND OF TRACES FIXED TO THE SAID GIRTHS, OR SADDLE, OR PAD, GREAT LOADS MIGHT BE DRAWN WITH SPEED IN EVERY DESCRIPTION OF CARRIAGES, VESSELS, MACHINES, OROTHERWISE, WITHOUT THE ASSISTANCE OF A NECK OR BREAST COLLAR, AND SUCH CARRIAGES MIGHT BE STOPPED OR HELD BACK WITHOUT THE ASSISTANCE OF A BREECHING; AND FURTHER, THATTION FORINGDLE OR PAD WITH GIRTHS, AS BEFORE DESCRIBED, EFFECTUALLY PREVENTS RIDING SADDLES FROM REMOVING BACKWARDS OR FORWARDS AND THEREBY HENDERS THEM MUCH SAFER TO BE RODE UPON THAN THE PRESENT MODE OF GIRTHING THEM
Year: 1793

page_text: TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, ROBERT
VAZIE the younger, of South Shields, in the County of Durham, Gentleman,
scids greeting.
WHEREAS the said Robert Vazie did by his petition humbly represent
unto His present most Excellent Majesty King George the Third that he had,
after much trouble, labour, and expence, found out and invented "A SADDLE
OR PAD TO BE FIXED UPON A HORSE OR OTHER ANIMAL BY TWO GIRTHS, ONE OF WHICH
FIXED ON EACH SIDE THE SADDLE AT OR NEAR THE HIND PART THEREOF, AND EACH
BEING BROUGHT DIAGONALLY UNDERNEATH THE BODY OF THE HORSE, AND THEN
FASTENED AT OR TOWARDS THE FORE PART OF THE SADDLE, ON THE OPPOSITE SIDE TO
WHICH THEY ARE FIXED BEHIND, THE DISTANCE BETWIXT THE GIRTHS WHEN UNITED
TO THE SADDLE OR PAD BEING TEN INCHES, MORE OR LESS, AGREEABLE TO THE SIZE
OF THE HORSE, AND THAT BY MEANS THEREOF, AND OF TRACES FIXED TO THE SAID
GIRTHS, OR SADDLE, OR PAD, GREAT LOADS MIGHT BE DRAWN WITH SPEED IN EVERY
DESCRIPTION OF CARRIAGES, VESSELS, MACHINES, OR OTHERWISE, WITHOUT THE
ASSISTANCE OF A NECK OR BREAST COLLAR, AND SUCH CARRIAGES MIGHT BE STOPPED
OR HELD BACK WITHOUT THE ASSISTANCE OF A BREECHING; AND FURTHER, THAT THE
SAID INVENTION FOR FIXING A SADDLE OR PAD WITH GIRTHS, AS BEFORE DESCRIBED,
EFFECTUALLY PREVENTS RIDING SADDLES FROM REMOVING BACKWARDS OR FORWARDS,
AND THEREBY HENDERS THEM MUCH SAFER TO BE RODE UPON THAN THE PRESENT
MODE OF GIRTHING THEM;" that he was the first and true Inventor thereof, and
that the same had not been made or used by any other person or persons, to
the best of his knowledge or belief; he therefore most humbly prayed His said
Majesty that He would be graciously pleased to grant unto him, his executors,
administrators, and assigns, His Majesty's Royal Letters Patent, under the

page_text: power,
Great Seal of Great Britain, for the sole use, benefit, and advantage of his
said Invention within that part of Great Britain called England, his Dominion
of Wales, and Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, for the term of fourteen years;
and His said Majesty, being willing to give encouragement to all arts and
inventions which might be for the public good, was graciously pleased to con-
descend to his request, and therefore by His Majesty's Royal Letters Patent,
bearing date at Westminster, the Fifteenth day of January, in the thirty-third
year of His reign, of Elis especial grace, certain knowledge, and meer motion,
for Himself, His heirs, and successors, did give and grant unto the said Robert
Vazic, his executors, administrators, and assigns, His especial licence, full
sole privilege and authority, that he, the said Robert Vazie, his executors,
administrators, and assigns, and every of them, by himself and themselves, or by
his and their deputy or deputies, servant or agents, or such others as he, the
said Robert Vazie, his executors, administrators, or assigns, should at any time
agree with, and no others, from time to time and at all times thereafter during
the term of years therein expressed, should and lawfully might make. use,
exercise, and vend his said Invention within that part of His said Majesty's
Kingdom of Great Britain called England, His Dominion of Wales, and
Town of Berwick-upon-Tweed, in such manner as to him, the said Robert
Vazio, his executors, administrators, and assigns, or any of them, should in his
or their discretion seem meet; and that he, the said Robert Vazic, his exccu-
tors, administrators, and assigns, should and lawfully might have and enjoy the
whole profit, benefit, commodity, and advantage from time to time coming,
growing, accruing, and arising by reason of the said Invention for and during
the term of years therein mentioned, to have, hold, exercise, and enjoy the
said licence, powers, privileges, and advantages therein-before granted or
mentioned to be granted unto him, the said Robert Vazie, his executors,
administrators, and assigns, for and during and unto the full end and term
of fourteen years from the date of the said Letters Patent next and immo-
diately ensuing, and fully to be complete and ended, according to the form of
the Statute in such case made and provided; in which said Letters Patent is
contained a proviso, that if the said Robert Vazie should not particularly
describe and ascertain the nature of his said Invention, and in what manner
the same was to be performed, by an instrument in writing under his hand
and scal, and cause the same to be inrolled in His said Majesty's High Court
of Chancery within one calendar month next after the date of the said Letters
Patent, then the said Letters Patent, and all liberties and advantages what-
soever thereby granted, should utterly cease, determine, and become void,

page_text: anything therein-before contained to the contrary thereof in anywise notwith-
standing, as in and by the said Letters Patent, reference being thereunto had,.
may more fully and at large appear.
NOW KNOW YĘ, that the said Robert Vazie, in compliance with the said
proviso, doth hereby, and by the Plans or Drawings hereunto annexed, and
marked Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14, describe and
ascertain the nature of his said Invention, and in what manner the same is to
be perforined, as follows, that is to say:-
The said Invention consists of several different parts, which are by the said
Plans or Drawings, and by this present Instrument, fully specified and' and
described.
One part of the said Invention consists in fixing a saddle or pad upon a
horse or other animal by two girths, one of which is to be fixed on each side
of the saddle, at or near the hind part thereof, and each girth is to be brought
diagonally underneath the body of the horse, and then fastened at or toward
the fore part of the saddle, on the opposite side to that where they are fixed
behind, the distance betwixt the girths when united to the saddle being in
general ten inches, but must vary in proportion to the size of the horse and
load to be drawn; (that is to say,) where the horse is of a large size and the
load great, then the saddle to be made longer than for a small horse and light
load, by means whereof, and of traces fixed to the said girths, or saddlle, or
pad, and then fastened to any carriage, vessel, or machine, great loads may be
drawn with speed in every description of carriages, vessels, and machines
without the assistance of a neck or breast collar, and such carriages, vessels,
or machines may be stopped or held back without the assistance of a
breeching.
Figure 1st represents two horses harnessed as they appear in action
drawing a carriage or other load. Figure 2d represents a horse with the
pole in view, so as to shew the mode by which a carriage is stopped or
held back without a breeching. Figure 3d represents the ground plan of
the harness towards the point or fore part of the harness saddletree, which
is marked with the letter A. To the far side of the saddletree is fixed,
either by stitching or by nails, a leather strap, about twelve inches long,
and described in said Figure 3 by the letter B. Letter C is a double girth,
made either of leather, linen, or woollen web, from four to six inches wide,
and of a sufficient length to pass under the body of the horse and fasten-to
the saddle on both sides, and about the center thereof is fixed a loop of
leather, or hook of iron or other metal, as shewn at letter M, in Figures 1, 3,

page_text: and 11, to prevent the girths I and N (hereafter mentioned) from getting back,
which said girth C is fastened to a buckle at D to the strap B. Letter E is a
leather strap, about twelve inches long, fixed towards the fore part of the saddle
(on the opposite side from B), in the same manner as the strap B, before
described, to which the end (F) of the girth C, after having been brought
under the body of the horse, is fastened by a buckle. Letter 1 is a girth inado
of leather, about three inches broad, aud of sufficient length to go under the
body of the horse and fix to the saddle by each end, whereon is screweil
another leather girth or strap, about two inches wide and eighteen inches long
from the end fixed to the hind part of the saddle, in which is inclosed a piece
of iron, or chain, or other metal, as per Figure 4, about an inch broad, one-
eighth of an inch thick, and from ten to twelve inches long, which iron is bent
to the form of the horse, as por Figure 5; at the upper end of which iron or
chain is an eye or hole, through which a loop of iron or other metal is put,
and which loop is fixed to the saddletree on the far side nt k, videlecit, at or
towards the cantle, or hind part, thereof, with rivetts, to which iron enclosed in
the girth is fixed, by means of leather, iron, or other metal, the D rings or
squares, hereafter mentioned, and to which the trace and pole piece is fixed.
Underneath the iron inclosed in the girth is a picco of whalebone, about an
inch wide and eighteen inches long; or these girths may be made without
whalebone, the iron or other metal being made about fourteen inches long.
That side of the girth which is nearest the horse is to be lined, so far ns
the metal or whalebone extends, with woolen or otlier soft girthing, to
prevent the horse from chafing; the other end of said girth is brought under
the body of the horse, and placed before the hook M, as per Figures 1, 3,
and 11. Tho strap G is passed through the triangle or square II, which is
made of iron or other metal, as per Figure 6, at or towards the point or fore
part of the saddletree on the near side, and then fixed to the buckle L at the
end of girth. The girth N is made and fixed to the saddle tree at O, videlecit,
at or towards the cautle or hind part thereof, on the near side, in a similar
munner with girth I, and then passed under the body of the horse, and placed
before the hook M, as per Figures 1, 3, and 11. The strap Q is then passed
through the triangle or square a, which is mado of iron or other metal, as per
Figure 6. and placed at or towards the point or fore part, of the saddletreu, at
the far side, and then fastened to the buckle P; the distance between the
girths I and N when united to, the saddle at and a, and at, O and II, as
before described, being in general ten inches, but must vary in proportion to
the size of the horse and the load to be drawn; (that is to say,) where the

page_text: horse is of a large size and the load great, then the saddle to be made longer
than for a small horse and light load. The two traces R, R, (made of leather,
cordage, or of chains of iron or other metal,) are fastened by the two rings D*,
or squares of iron or other metal S, S, to the girths I and N, being ten inches,
or a little more or less, froin the saddle; the other end of said traces being fixed
to the carriage or other load at T, T, in the usual manner of fixing traces. To
accommodate the traces to the different size of horses, a buckle is put upon cach
trace about four feet from where such trace fixes to the carriage, as per b, b, in
in Figure 3. The pole piece V is made of leather, cordage, or chain of iron
or other metal (of which one must be applied on each side the horse in case of
shafts), is fixed at W to the girth N by a D ring or square of iron or other
metal, and then passed through a D ring, or square of iron or other metal, fixed
at or near the end of the pole, and returned and buckled to itself at X, per
Figures 2 and 8. For a carriage where two horses go abreast of cach other,
as in Figures 1 and 11, a loop of leather, D ring, or square of iron or other
metal, is to be applied, and may be either fixed or moveable, as per Figures
2 and 3. Letter d is about eighteen inches from the saddle upon one pole
piece, through which loop the other pole piece is passed to keep the horses
from running too wide. The crupper Y is made of leather, as in common use.
An ornamental strap may be put across the hind part of the horse, as at
letter Z, Figure 1, and an ornamental strap may be placed round the neck of
the horse, as at letters B, B, in same Figure. In lieu of the double girth C
may be substituted one single girth, made of leather, linen, or woollen web, with
straps annexed thereto, as per Figure 7, which said girth being placed under
the body of the horse, the straps thereto aflixed must be passed through the
triangles or squares of iron or other metal H and a, before described, Figure 3,
and then made fast to the buckles L and P upon the girths I and N; or a
single girth, made of leather, linen, or woollen web, as per Figure 8, may be
placed under the body of the horse above or below the girths I and N, being
made fast by the buckles at the end thereof to the straps B and E, Figure 3,
in which case two leather straps must be made fast with stitching to the
triangular or square irons or other metal H and a, before described, and
which straps are then fastened to the buckles Land P upon the girths I and N,
or the double girth C, Figure 3, and single girths, Figures 7 and 8, may be
totally omitted; the girths I and N, Figure 3, being made fast to two straps,
one to be fixed by stitching to the aforesaid triangle H, and the other to the
triangle a; that is, girth I to such strap at H by buckle 1, and girth N to said
other strap at a by buckle P; or the two girths, Figures 7 and 8, may be
both applied, Figure 7 being placed under the body of the horse, and buckled

page_text: at each end to the straps 13 and E, and Figure 8 being likewise placed under the
body of tho horse, and the straps passed through the triangular or squares of iron
or other metal H and a, in Figure 3, is then buckled to Land P upon the girths
I and N. Or the two girths, Figures 9 and 10, may by the bucklo at one
end of each be made fast to the two straps B and E (or bo fastened to the
Enddletree in the place of the straps); the other ends of each girth being
brought under the body of the horse, is passed through the trianguls or squares
of iron or other metal II and a, and there fastened to Land P upon the girths
and N, or the girth I made be made of suflicient length to put through the
aforesaid triangle E, and being again passed under the body of the horse, is
anade fast to the aforesaid strap B by the buckle L. The girth N, being like-
wise made of sufficient length, is put through the aforesaid triangle a, and
being again passed under the body of the horse, is mado fast to the aforesaid
strap E by the buckle P; the loop of leather, or hook of iron or other
metal, marked M, Figures 1, 3, and 11, in girth C, being applied in any of
these cases..
Another method by which a carriage, vessel, machine, or other load may
be drawn upon the same principle as the above. Figure 11 represents two
horses harnessed, the saddle upon each horse being fixed with girths, in a
similar manner with the harness saddle above described, there being no
difference in the form or materials of which the said girths are made, except
the whalebone, which is inclosed in girths I and N, Figure 3, being not used,
and the iron or other metal, Figure 4, and two-inch strap of leather covering
said whalebone and iron or other metal must be above nine inches long, a
little more or less. The traces R, R, Figure 3, and leather strap Z, aro not
applied. The ornamental strap B, B, Figure 1, may or may not be applied,
at pleasure; the carriage, vessel, machine, or other load being drawn by
means of the pole, as per Figure 12, it being united by the hinge A, of iron
or other metal, or leather loop, to the cross bar B, which is made of iron or
other metal, or wood, connected to the saddle upon each horse by a piece of
iron or other metal, furmed to receive and bear the same, as per letter F,
Figure 11, such hinge uniting the pole and cross barr, being strengthened
where necessary by the trace of leather, cordage, or chain of iron or other
metal, as per trace C, Figure 12, ninde fast at one end to the middle of cross
barr B, the other end of said trace being fastened to the pole or carriage by a
hook, or link at (or at such distance from) the fore bar of the carringe as
may best accomodate the form of the pole. When the pole is of length
sufficient, the pole piece of leather, cordage, or iron or other metal, letter D,
may be fixed at or towards the end of said pole at one end, and at the other

page_text: end to the middle of the aforesaid cross bar B. The leather strap to prevent
the horse from turning round, as per G, Figure 11, is fastened at one end to
the fore bar of the carriage at H, at the other end to the girth, at about nine
inches from where it is fixed to the cantle or hind part of the saddle, upon
which strap is the buckle e, to accomodate the length thereof to the size of
the horse; Figure 12, the two braces E, E, unite the pole to the axletree.
These the Inventor has discovered to be the most advantageous modes of
fixing the harness for drawing carriages or other loads; he has, however,
experienced that deviations may be inade therefrom in the manner of making,
mode of fixing, and distance of fixing the girths from each other, as also the
manner of fixing and distance of the traces from the saddle, by which a
considerable effect may be produced, altho' not so great as under the above
description. Fig. 13 represents a saddle fixed upon a horse with the new
invented girths. Figure 14 represents the ground plan of the girths, with the
mode of fixing them to the saddle (videlecit):-To the riding saddletree A is
fixed at or towards the cantle or hind part the leather strap B, and at or
towards the fore part thereof is fixed the leather strap C on the far side, being
distant from the hind strap B ten inches, but varying more or less, in pro-
portion to the size of the horse. On the near side of the said saddle are likewise
placed two leather straps D and E, being similar in position and distance with
the two leather straps on the far side B and C. F and G are two girths,
made of woolen, leather, or other material, which are buckled to the said
strap B and C, and united across each other at H, the end I to the strap B
and the end K to the strap C; L, the other end of the girth F, being brought
under the body of the horse is fastened to the strap D by a buckle; M, at the
other end of the girth G, is then fastened to the strap E in the same manner,
all which four straps B, C, D, and E are fixed upon the saddle tree by
stitching or nails in the same position as the girths lie. This the Inventor
has discovered to be the most effectual and commodious mode of fixing the
saddle upon a horse; he has, however, experienced that small deviations may
be made in the distance at which the straps are fixed from each other upon
the saddle tree, as also in uniting them together under the body of the horse,
by which a good effect may be produced, although not equal to that before
described.
In witness whereof, the said Robert Vazie hath hereunto set his hand
and seal, the Fourteenth day of February, in the year of our Lord
One thousand seven hundred and ninety-three.
ROBT (L.S.) VAZIE JUNE.

page_text: AND BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the same Fourteenth day of
February, in the year above mentioned, the aforesaid Robert Vazic came
before our Lord the King in His Chancery, and acknowledged the Specifica-
tion aforesaid, and all and every thing therein contained, in form above written.
And also the Specification aforesaid was stamped according to the tenor of
the Statuto in that case made and provided.