IMPROVEMENTS IN CASTING CHILLED ROLLS, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR THAT PURPOSE
Year: 1874

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to George Taylor, of West Bromwich, in the County
of Stafford, Ironfounder, and Reuben Farley, of West Bromwich,
aforesaid, Ironfounder, for the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN
CASTING CHILLED ROLLS, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR THAT
PURPOSE."
.
.
་་
Sealed the 13th April 1875, and dated the 30th October 1874.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said George Taylor and
Reuben Farley at the Office of the Commissioners of Patents,
with their Petition, on the 30th October 1874.
We, GEORGE TAYLOR, of West Bromwich, in the County of Stafford,
Ironfounder, and REUBEN FARLEY, of West Bromwich, aforesaid, Iron-
founder, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention for "Iм-
PROVEMENTS IN CASTING CHILLED ROLLS, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR THAT
PURPOSE," to be as follows:-
Chilled rolls manufactured by the ordinary casting process are
frequently defective in consequence of cracks, partings, and air cells in
the cast metal, the said cracks and partings being produced by the

page_text: irregular contraction of different parts of the roll on solidifying and
cooling. The working surface of the rolls is imperfect in consequence
of these defects in the casting, and they are frequently incapable of
bearing the strain which it is requisite to put upon them when at
work.
Our Invention consists of the improvements, herein-after described, in
conducting the casting of chilled rolls, our said improvements in con-
ducting the casting process being carried into effect in conjunction with
our improvements in the apparatus employed.
screws.
In constructing and arranging the apparatus, and in conducting the
casting of the said chilled rolls according to our Invention, we proceed
as follows-To the bottom box in which the neck and wabbler of the
roll are cast, we attach an iron plate having a raised ring of such
diameter that it enters freely the bottom of the chill or chill mould.
In building up the mould the lower part of the chill mould is placed
upon the said plate, and is supported at such a distance above it that
the ring just enters the said chill. The said chill is supported at the
requisite height by means of wedges, distance pieces, or adjusting
The space between the plate and bottom of the chill, which is
not occupied by the wedges or distance pieces, is filled with sand which
is rammed tightly therein and supported by an outside ring or hoop.
The body of the mould (when of more than one piece) is built up in
the ordinary way, but the top box in which the neck and wabbler at the
other end of the roll are moulded, are constructed in the way described,
with respect to the box at the bottom of the mould, the plate being so
supported that its central ring just enters. the top of the chill. After
the molten iron has been poured into the mould in the ordinary way the
feed rod is inserted and worked sharply, as usual; the sand and wedges
between the top iron plate and top chill are gradually removed, and the
top plate and ring thus brought down and adjusted by means of
tightening cramps or adjusting screws. The sand and. wedges or
distance pieces are also gradually removed from between the bottom
chill and the iron plate. The bottom chill is thus pressed over the ring
of the bottom plate with the whole weight of the body of the mould
and its connections; and the bottom box in which the neck and wabbler
have been cast is thus virtually raised. A like action takes place in the
top box in which the other neck and wabbler are cast, and the.
longitudinal pressure thus exercised upon the soldifying and cooling
.

page_text: roll gives it great homogeneity and soundness, and enables it to bear a
greater working strain and carry a better working surface.
The pressure described may be increased where desirable by con-
necting the top and bottom plates by long screw bolts furnished with
nuts, by which the said plates may be drawn together with any required
force; or additional pressure may be applied in other ways.
SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent,
filed by the said George Taylor and Reuben Farley in the Great
Seal Patent Office on the 17th April 1875.
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, we, GEORGE
TAYLOR, of West Bromwich, in the County of Stafford, Ironfounder,
and REUBEN FARLEY, of West Bromwich, aforesaid, Ironfounder, send
greeting.
WHEREAS Her most Excellent Majesty Queen Victoria, by Her
Letters Patent, bearing date the Thirtieth day of October, in the year of
our Lord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-four, in the thirty-
eighth year of Her reign, did, for Herself, Her heirs and successors,
give and grant unto us, the said George Taylor and Reuben Farley,
Her special license that we, the said George Taylor and Reuben
Farley, our executors, administrators, and assigns, or such others as
we, the said George Taylor and Reuben Farley; our executors, admi-
nistrators, and assigns, should at any time agree with, and no others,
from time to time and at all times thereafter during the term therein
expressed, should and lawfully might make, use, exercise, and yend,
within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Channel
Islands, and Isle of Man, an Invention for " IMPROVEMENTS IN CASTING
CHILLED ROLLS, AND IN APPARATUS EMPLOYED FOR THAT PURPOSE," upon
the condition (amongst others) that we, the said George Taylor and
Reuben Farley, our executors or administrators, by an instrument in
writing under our, or their hands and seals, or under the hand and
seal of one of us or them, should particularly describe and ascertain
the nature of the said Invention, and in what manner the same was to
be performed, and cause the same to be filed in the Great Seal Patent

page_text: Office within six calendar months next and immediately after the date
of the said Letters Patent.
NOW KNOW YE, that we, the said George Taylor and Reuben
Farley, do hereby declare the nature of the said Invention, and in.
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described 5
and ascertained in and by the following statement thereof,. that is to
say :-
Chilled rolls manufactured by the ordinary casting process aro
frequently defective in consequence of cracks, partings, and air cells in
the cast metal, the said cracks and partings being produced by the 1
irregular contraction of different parts of the roll in solidifying and
cooling. The working surface of the rolls is imperfect in con-
sequence of these defects in the casting, and they are frequently
incapable of bearing the strain which it is requisite to put upon them
when at work.
Our Invention consists of the improvements, herein-after described,
in conducting the casting of chilled rolls, our said improvements in
conducting the casting process being carried into effect in conjunction
with our improvements in the apparatus employed.
In constructing and arranging the apparatus, and in conducting the 2
casting of the said chilled rolls according to our Invention we procced
as follows:-To the bottom box in which the neck and wabbler of the
roll are cast, we attach an iron plate having a raised ring of such
diameter that it enters freely the bottom of the chill or chill mould:
In the building up of the mould, the lower part of the chill mould is a
placed upon the said plate, and is suppported at such a distance above
it that the ring just enters the said chill. The said chill is supported at
the requisite height by means of wedges, distance pieces, or adjusting
screws. The space between the plate and bottom of the chill which is
not occupied by the wedges or distance pieces is filled with sand, which a
is rammed tightly therein, and supported by an outside ring or hoop.
The body of the mould (when of more than one piece) is built up in
the ordinary way; but the top box in which the neck and wabbler at
the other end of the roll are moulded is constructed in the way
described with respect to the box at the bottom of the mould, the plate {
being so supported that its central ring just enters the top of the chill.
After the molten iron has been poured into the mould in the ordinary
]

page_text: way the feed rod is inserted and worked sharply, as usual; the sand
and wedges between the top iron plate and top chill are gradually
removed, and the top plate and ring thus brought down and adjusted
by means of tightening cramps, adjusting screws, or pulling jacks. The
sand and wedges or distance pieces are also gradually removed from
between the bottom chill and the iron plate. The bottom chill is thus
pressed over the ring of the bottom plate with the whole weight of the
hody of the mould and its connections, and the bottom box in which
the neck and wabbler have been cast is thus virtually raised. A like
action takes place in the top box in which the other neck and wabbler
are cast, the ring attached to the iron plate connected with the top box
enters the chill, and the longitudinal pressuro thus exercised upon the
solidifying and cooling roll gives it great homogeneity and soundness,
and enables it to bear a greater working strain and carry a better working

page_text: plate e by means of distance pieces and wedges. A pair of distance
pieces and wedges is represented at 7 in Figures 1 and 3. The top box c
has on its under side an iron plate h, and has cast on or cramped to it
a central ring i which fits into the top a of the chill mould. Distance
pieces and wedges similar to those marked g at the bottom box are used
with the top box for temporarily supporting it at the required height
above the chill a. Situated parallel to the axis of the chill mould a, a²,
and on the outside thereof are four bars k, k, k, k, passing loosely
through the abutting flanges a³, a³, of the chill mould, the lower ends
of the said bars resting on the plate e (see Figure 3). In the upper
flange of the top chill a are screw boxes or nuts into which screw
pins m, m, with square or hexagonal heads are fitted and adjusted. The
bottom of these screw pins enter the heads or upper ends of the
bars k, k. By turning the screw pins m, m, in onc or other direction by
means of keys or wrenches as at n the chill mould a, a³, may be made
to rise or fall upon the said screw pins m, m, so as thereby to adjust
the height of the mould, or put on the longitudinal pressure. The chill
mould is thus supported at the required height upon the plate e by the
bars k, k.
.
The snugs through which the screw pins m, m, pass may be graduated
on their upper sides, or dial plates may be fixed thercon so as to indicate
the angle through which the keys or spanners n and the screw pins are
turned in order that the chills or chilled mould may slide over the
bottom ring true and vertical. The spanners on the screw pins m, m,
must be turned simultaneously.
The upper box or sand mould c is supported on the top of the chill
and forced down in the following manner :-Upon the said top box are
two cross bearers p, p, at right angles to one another, the said bearers
having plates or pressure bars q, q, at their ends. Through these
bearers and plates or bars screw bolts r, r, are passed from the top flange
of the upper chill a. By screwing nuts on the tops of the screw pins
r, r, the top box or mould c may be forced down towards the mould a,
and in conjunction with the parts k, l, aud m, effect the longitudinal
compression of the chilled roll, as herein-after explained.
The top box c may be weighted by means of a hollow cylinder or chill
supported on blocks on the cross bearers p, p. Through this hollow
cylinder or chill the feed rod in the roll is worked after the roll has
been cast.

page_text: The chilled mould may consist of one, two, three, or more chills, and
when in order to cast rolls of less length than the chills the necks and
wabblers, or part of them, are moulded in the top chill, then a ring of
greater length is used which enters the top chill the required distance.
We will now describe in detail the casting of a chilled roll by our
process, and by the use of the apparatus constituting part of our
Invention.
°
The lower part a² of the chill mould being placed upon the plate e of
the botton box b it is supported by distance picces and wedges g at such
a height that the ring f just enters the bottom chill, as represented in
the Drawing. The space between the plate e and bottom of the chill a²
which is not occupied by the distance pieces and wedges is filled with
sand, which is rammed tightly therein, and may be supported by an
outside ring or hoop. The metal is prevented from running between
the ring and inside of the chill a² by a sand packing. The top box c
is next supported by distance pieces and wedges on the top of the chill a
in such a position that the ring i of the plate h enters the said chill, as
seen in Figure 1; sand is packed between the parts as described with
respect to the bottom box. The upper chill a combined with the top
box c is now placed upon the lower cbill a², and the two chills a, a³, are
bolted or cramped together, the holes in the abutting flanges a³, a³, of
the chills for the bars k, k, to pass through coinciding. The bars k, k,
are now passed through the holes in the flanges a³, and their ends made
to rest on the bottom plate e. The screw nuts or boxes being fixed in
their places in the upper chill a the screw pins m, m, are passed through
them and screwed into the upper ends of the bars k, k; the said bars k, k,
are thereby made to support the chills upon the plate e in the manner
illustrated in Figure 3. The chills being thus supported the wedges and
distance pieces g between the bottom chill and the plate e are removed,
and by turning the screw pins m, m, the chills a, a², are made to descend
a short distance so as to take a bearing on the sand on the said plate e.
Having arranged the cross bearers p, p, plates q, q, and screw pins 1, 1',
in their places, in the manner illustrated in Figure 3, the mould is ready
to receive the molten metal.
I
About one minute after the molten metal has been poured into the
mould the wedges and distance pieces which support the top box c
and parts carried by it are removed and the sand between the chill a

page_text: and the said top box c is loosened. The screw nuts of the pins ", ", are
now turned simultaneously in a direction proper to cause the said top
box to approach the chill a. The ring of the plate is thereby made
to descend into the chill a. The sand between the bottom plate e and
the bottom chill a² is also loosened and the screw pins m, m, turned in
a direction proper to cause the chill a³ to descend upon the bottom ring ƒ.
The sliding motions described of the top box c and the chills a, a², are
effected gradually, the screw nuts on the top of the screw pins », r, and
the screw pins m, m, being turned only through a small angle at a
time.
By the means described the nocks of the roll are brought nearer the
middle of the roll, and the chilled part of it is compressed longitudinally,
the bottom chill being pressed over the ring f of the bottom box with
the whole weight of the chills and the superincumbent mass, namely,
the top box c and parts thereof, and the weight or chill carried by the
said top box, and the top box c is pressed into the top chill a by its own
weight and the additional weight applied to it, and also by the pressure
exerted by the screw nuts on the tops of the screw pins ", ". The
longitudinal pressure thus excrcised upon the solidifying and cooling
roll gives it great soundness and compactness," and prevents partings or
cracks therein.
The pressure described may be increased where desired by connecting
the top and bottom boxes c,.b, by longitudinal screw bolts furnished
with nuts, by which the said boxes may be drawn together with any
desired force.
.
The same result may also be obtained by means of hydraulic pulling
jacks, or additional pressure may be applied in other ways.
Having now described the nature of our Invention, and the manner
in which the same is to be performed, we wish it to be understood that
we do not limit ourselves to the precise details herein described and
illustrated, as the same may be varied without departing from the
nature of our Invention, but we claim as our Invention,-
•
First. The improvements herein-before described and illustrated in
the accompanying Drawing in conducting the castings of chilled rolls,
that is to say, compressing longitudinally the solidifying and cooling
roll by causing the upper and lower boxes or moulds in which the necks
and wabblers of the roll are cast to approach one another, so as to

page_text: compress between them the chilled roll, substantially as and for the
purposes described.
Secondly. The apparatus herein-before described and illustrated in
the accompanying Drawing to be used in the casting of chilled rolls by
the method described.
In witness whereof, we, the said George Taylor and Reuben
Farley, have hereunto set our hands and seals, this Fourteenth
day of April, in the year of our Lord One thousand eight
hundred and seventy-five..
Witness,
ED. CADDICK,
West Bromwich.
GEORGE TAYLOR. (L.S.)
REUBEN FARLEY. (L.S.)