Improvement in Capital
Year: 1899

page_text: Improvement in Capital 12612
I, CHARLES M. JOHNSON, Engineer, of Denmark House, Redhill, County of
Surrey, England do hereby declare the nature of this invention to be as follows:-
This invention pertains to an improvement in explosion engines and the
operation of the same, in which I may use one or more balanced piston valves
out side of the cylinder of the engine to regulate the admission of the charge
or explosive mixture, and for the expulsion of the exploded charge after it has
performed its work.
My invention further consists of the operation of the balanced piston cylindrical
valve so that I can if necessary get an explosion in each end of the cylinder
if desired, said balanced piston valve, or valves being so adjusted and operated
by either a crank, cam, eccentric, or other convenient form of motion, such
motion being so adjusted and operated that it or they are always tight and
seated except when they are traveling over the port out of the piston valve
chamber.
By this device I am able to dispense with the noise and pounding of ordinary
explosion engine valves, and run at a much greater speed, and if desired can
run in either direction, with great economy of working parts.
My invention further consists, of a convenient form of mechanism, which I
may attach when desired to any of the moving parts of the explosion engine,
or its accessories for the purpose of storing up power, which stored power I may
utilize when desired to start the explosion engine in either direction, thus avoiding
the manual labor, and inconvenience now necessary to start an explosion engine.
I do not limit myself to any particular form of mechanism, to operate the
balanced piston valve or valves, or to store the power for starting the explosion
engine, for I may use any convenient form of mechanism without departing from
the spirit of the invention.
Tel: 0041 law of I.... 1900

page_text: in the County aforesaid, do hereby declare the nature of this invention and in
what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly described and ascer-
tained in and by the following statement:-
This invention pertains to an improvement in explosion engines and the
operation of the same and I use one or more balanced piston valves
outside of the cylinder of the engine to regulate the admission of the charge or
explosive mixture and the expulsion of the products of combustion resulting
from the exploded charge after the latter has performed its work. My invention
further consists in constructing and operating the balanced' piston valve or valves
so that I can if desired obtain an explosion at each end of the cylinder, the said
balanced piston valve or valves being so adjusted and operated by either a crank,
cam, eccentric or other device, that it or they are always tight and seated to
prevent the flow of gases except when it or they are travelling over the port
out of the piston valve chamber. By this means I am enabled to dispense with
the noise and pounding of ordinary explosion engine valves, to run at a much
greater speed and if desired in either direction with great economy of working
parts because I am enabled to dispense with reversing gear.
My invention also consists in a convenient form of mechanism which I attach
when desired to any of the moving parts of the explosion engine or a part con-
nected thereto for the purpose of storing up power which stored up power may
be utilized when desired to start the engine in either direction; thus avoiding
the manual labour and inconvenience now necessary to start an explosion engine.
Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings is a sectional elevation of a valve
casing with a balanced piston valve therein arranged at the top of the cylinder
of the engine.
Figure 2 is a horizontal section of the casing showing the two balanced piston
valves therein one being for the inlet of the charge and the other for the exhaust.
Figure 3 is a transverse section of the valve casing on the line hFigure 2.
Figure 4 is a diagrammatic view of a cylinder with the balanced piston valves
arranged parallel to the cylinder in which works a double acting piston.
Figure is a detail view in elevation of a construction of apparatus for starting
the engine and
Figure 6 is a plan section of same on the line Figure 5.
Referring to Figures 1, 2 and 3, but more particularly to Figure 1 the valve
casing or chamber a has working therein the balanced piston valve b which may
if desired be provided with piston rings and it has a reduced portion as shewn
or an aperture in the middle. The chamber is provided with an external
porte for say the inlet of the explosive charge and when the piston valve is in
the position shewn in Figure 1, that is to say at the right hand end of its stroke,
the inlet port c is in communication with the port d into the cylinder e which
port is preferably as wide as possible. The port d to the cylinder is never
covered by the piston valve and consequently the pressure on both the inner ends
of the valve is always equal. Besides this as the outer cylindrical parts of the
valve are never in contact with the port d, and hence with the interior of the
cylinder, piston rings may be used which is not possible with piston valves
which pass over and the piston rings of which are in contact with the port to the
interior of the explosion chamber or cylinder. It follows that the port is the
only one which is opened and closed and hence comes into contact with the
piston valve but as no explosion can take place outside of this port the rings, if
any, round that part of the piston valve do not suffer. As previously indicated my
invention further consists in causing the operation of the balanced piston valve
to obtain the explosion in the cylinder if desired by mounting one or more
firing pins for other igniter in the wall of the valve chamber so that as the
piston valve a moves to the left it uncovers the said igniter or firing pin and
the explosive charge is ignited in the space between the two end parts of the
piston valve which space is also in communication with the interior of the

page_text: cylinder by means of the port d. The valve is operated in any convenient,
manner for instance by a connecting rod y actuated by a crank, cam, eccentric
or other suitable moving part on the engine.
Figure 2 shews two balanced piston valves constructed according to my inven-
tion one namely being for the inlet of the explosive charge and the other i
for operating the exhaust, the port d communicating between the valve casing a
containing both valves and the interior of the cylinder as indicated in Figure 1
and is the external exhaust port from the valve casing. Or there may be
two internal ports in the casing one communicating with the inlet valve band
the other with the exhaust valve i.
Figure 3 merely illustrates a transverse section of the valve casing on the
line hh. Figure 2 shewing the way the casing a is provided with several apertures
to form the inlet port e and the cylinder port d and similarly the exhaust port k.
Referring to Figure 4 which illustrates my invention applied so as to get an
explosive in each end of the cylinder, the valves are merely duplicated and are
as before contained in a casing a. This piston valve at one end opens and
closes the inlet port c for the explosive charge and the piston valve similarly
opens and closes the port for the exhaust and both valves always communicate
with the port d to the cylinder e here represented at the back of the valve casing.
At the other end, the piston valve opens and closes the inlet port m for the
explosive charge and the piston valve similarly opens and closes the port p
for the exhaust and both valves always communicate with the port o to the
evlinder e.
The valves and are either connected together or made in one
and in like manner also the valves and n are either connected together or made
in one.
Referring to Figs. 5 and 6 illustrating the mechanism for storing up power,
this is shown attached or in connection with the fly wheel q of the engine. There
is a lever pivotted at 1 to say the frame of the engine and having two spring
actuated catches or ratchets sand which work in guides in lugs on the said
lever r. The lower end of the said lever is further provided with a cross or
T piece in which are mounted two notched wheels and and these notched
wheels have respectively keyed on their shafts the spur wheels to and r which
gear together. These notched wheels are so constructed as to be capable of revolv-
ing by frictional contact when held in the groove of the fly wheel q but only
one can be in contact with the said flywheel at the same time. On the shaft
of the wheels and is attached one end of a coiled spring not shown and the
other end thereof is attached inside the inner periphery of a fixed drum y.
It follows that raising the catches and out of the notched wheels and
by moving the lever in one direction or the other on its fulcrum 1 either one
or other of the notched friction wheels will gear with the fly wheel of the engine
and assuming the engine to be running, the spring in the drum y will be wound
up. When this has taken place the catches s and are allowed to fall and in
doing so they take into notches in the said notched wheels while at the same
time or approximately so the lever r is brought to its mid position so that neither
of the notched wheels gear with the fly wheel. When the engine is at rest and
assistance is required to retart it in one direction or the other the lever r is
pushed over in one direction or the other and one of the notched wheels then
gears or connects with the fly wheel. The catches s and are then raised and
the spring in the drum y is free to unwind and in unwinding communicates
motion to one or other of the notched wheels. As both notched wheels are con-
nected together by the spur wheels wand and revolve together though in
different directions it follows that the fly wheel 7 of the engine will be caused
to revolve in one direction or the other sufficient to effect the restarting of the
engine. By this means I am enabled to start the engine in either direction thus
avoiding the manual labour and inconvenience now necessary to start an explosion
engine. I do not limit myself to the particular constructions of balanced piston
valves shown nor do I limit myself to the exact form of mechanism shown to

page_text: store power for effecting the starting of an explosion engine as I may modify
the same without departing from the spirit of my invention.
Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said
invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what
I claim is:
1. A balanced piston valve for explosion engines constructed and arranged so
as not to travel over or close a port in which there is fluid pressure substantially
as set forth.
2. A balanced piston valve having packing rings for explosion engines con-
structed and arranged so that the products of combustion do not come into contact
with the packing rings substantially as set forth.
3. A balanced piston valve provided with a reduced part or an aperture between
its extremities which latter fit in the valve casing substantially as described and
shown.
4. In an explosion engine, the combination of a valve casing having an external
port a balance piston valve working in said casing and opening and closing
said port a port leading from the casing to the cylinder which is never covered
by the piston valve and means for operating said valve substantially as described
and shown.
5. In an explosion engine the combination of a valve casing having an external
inlet port and an external exhaust port, a balanced piston valve for the inlet and
a balanced piston valve for the exhaust a port or ports for communicating between
the valve casing and the cylinder which port or ports are never covered by the
piston valves and means for operating said valves substantially as described and
shown.
6. In an explosion engine capable of an explosion at each end of the cylinder
the combination of a valve casing having an external inlet port for each end of
the cylinder and an external exhaust port for each end of the cylinder, a double
balanced piston valve for the inlet and a double balanced piston valve for the
exhaust, an internal port or ports at each end of the cylinder between the valve
casing and the cylinder which ports are never closed by the piston valves and
means for operating said valves substantially as described and shown.
7. Apparatus for storing power for starting an explosion engine in either
direction substantially as set forth.
8. Apparatus for storing power and starting an explosion engine consisting
of a lever on which is mounted a wheel gearing when desired by frictional contact
with the fly wheel of the engine, a coiled spring which is wound up by the
engine before it stops and retained in such wound up condition by a catch means
for releasing said catch and means for communicating motion to the engine
substantially as set forth.
9. Apparatus for storing power and starting an explosion engine in either
direction consisting of a lever pivotted to a fixed point on which lever are mounted
two notched wheels either of which gears off when desired by frictional contact
with the fly wheel of the engine means for retaining the said notched wheels
in position, gearing for communicating motion from one notched wheel to the
other a drum and a coiled spring connected at one end to the said drum and
at the other end to the axle of one of the notched wheels substantially as described
and shown.
10. The constructions shown in the drawings.
JENSEN & SON,
77, Chancery Lane, London, W.C.,
Patent Agents.