IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS FOR SPINNING, TWISTING, AND DOUBLING COTTON OR MATERIALS." OTHER FIBROUS
Year: 1878

page_text: LETTERS PATENT to Enoch Hird, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster, for
the Invention of "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS
FOR SPINNING, TWISTING, AND DOUBLING COTTON OR
MATERIALS."
OTHER FIBROUS
Sealed the 25th March 1879, and dated the 30th September 1878.
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION left by the said Enoch Hird at the Office
of the Commissioners of Patents on the 30th September 1878.
ENOCH HIRD, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS FOR SPINNING, TWISTING, AND DOUBLING COTTON
OR OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS."
The object of this Invention is to enable the spindle of a throstle or a twisting
or doubling frame to put in an increased number of turns or twists to each inch of
yarn without increasing the actual velocity of the revolution of the spindle itself.
The Invention consists principaily in giving to the spindle, flyer, and bobbin a
kind of planetary motion, that is to say, at the same time that the spindle revolves
round its own axis, that axis is carried round in an orbit, and hence as the spindle
revolves once round its own axis whilst the latter revolves once round its orbit, two
twists or turns are put into the yarn for each revolution of the spindle on its axis.
The spindle need not necessarily make exactly one revolution on its axis to one
round its orbit, but the number of twists put into the yarn will be equal to the
1

page_text: revolutions of the spindle round its own axis, added to the revolutions of the latter
round its orbit.
The central spindle (or sun spindle) is provided above and below with a disc or
drum, or with arms which carry the two ends of the outer (or planet) spindle. It
is the latter which carries the flyer and bobbin. The central spindle is driven from
the tin roller as usual, and it drives the outer spindle by means of an endless band
or other friction gearing.
The upper part of the central spindle is tubular, and the yarn passes through
this and thence through a hole in the side of the tube and over a friction pulley
and through an eye in the upper disc or arm above the centre of the outer spindle,
and so on to the flyer.

page_text: SPECIFICATION in pursuance of the conditions of the Letters Patent filed
by the said Enoch Hird in the Great Seal Patent Office on the 29th March
1879.
ENOCH HIRD, of Bolton, in the County of Lancaster. "IMPROVEMENTS IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF APPARATUS FOR SPINNING, TWISTING, AND DOUBLING COTTON
OR OTHER FIBROUS MATERIALS."
My Invention is designed for the purpose of improving the action of the spindle
or spindles of a throstle, twisting, or doubling frame, slubbing or intermediate
frames, or other machines in which the twisting of yarn is performed by the
action of flyers on the spindles, or in which equivalent means are employed;
as for instance the rings used in ring frames as substitutes for a flyer. The
improved action is effected by causing an increased number of turns or twists to be
given to the yarn without increasing the actual velocity of the revolution of the
spindle itself.
My Invention consists chiefly in giving to the spindle or spindles, flyers and
bobbins, or to the rings in ring frames, a kind of motion which I term a planatary
motion, that is to say, at the same time that the spindle revolves round its own axis
that axis is carried round in an orbit, and hence as the spindle revolves once round
its own axis whilst the latter revolves once round its own orbit, two twists or turns
are put into the yarn for each revolution of the spindle on its own axis, therefore
by this means I am enabled to get what I term double twist, and by increasing the
speed of the bobbins twice the usual quantity of yarn may be produced in relatively
the same time.
I do not confine myself to this relation, because the spindle need not necessarily
make exactly one revolution on its axis to one round its orbit, but the number of
twists put into the yarn will be equal to the revolution of the spindle round its own
axis added to the revolution of the latter round its orbit.
In order that my Invention may be fully understood and readily carried into
operation, I will proceed to describe the accompanying Drawings, reference being
made to the figures and letters marked thereon.
Fig. 1 is intended to represent the front elevation of a throstle, doubling, slubbing,
or intermediate frame to which my improvements are applied; Fig. 2 is a side
elevation of the same. A, A, are my improved spindles, &c.; B, B, the top stationary
rails; C, C, the bottom stationary rails; D, D, the sliding rail for giving the rising
and falling motion to the bobbins in machines where a spindle flyer is used, and the
rings in a ring frame; E, E, is the ordinary tin roller for driving the spindles by
means of bands; F, F, is the frame sides; G, G, are the creels.
My improved spindle is shewn more fully in Figs. 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7; Fig. 3 shews
the front view of the same; Fig. 4, the way in which I purpose driving by friction
gearing; Fig. 5, another mode of applying spindles for giving greater facility in
doffing. The central or sun spindle H is provided above and below with a disc or
drum K, which carry the two ends of the outer or planet spindle L which carries
the flyer M and bobbin N. The central spindle is driven from the tin roller E in
the ordinary way; the planet spindle may be driven, in some cases where large
gauge spindles are used and simplicity is an object, by friction pulleys, but I have
found that when these become worn there is a tendency to slip, and with sinall
gauge spindles the pullies become inconveniently small. It is therefore moro
advantageous to drive by a spur pinion such as O, working into and round the
stationary spur pinion P, thus giving the aforesaid planatary motion which produces
the increased number of twists or turns of the yarn without increasing the velocity
of the sun spindle, as before described. Fig. 6 shews another mode of working the
same by means of an endless band, but should only be used where coarse gauge
spindles are employed, the warve a being on the sun spindle H which drives the
warve b on the planet or flyer spindle L by the aforesaid endless band, thus

page_text: imparting to the planet spindle L the extra turn or twist while the spindle revolves
round its own axis.
"
The upper part of the spindle L is tubular, through which the yarn passes from
the rollers R, and thence through the hole S in the side of the spindle L to the
flyer M, and thence on to the bobbin N. Fig. 7 shews how my Invention can be
applied to a ring frame spindle, which is similar in all points, only that the rings C
substitute the flyer.
Having thus stated the nature. of my Invention, and described the mode of
performing the same, I wish to remark that I do not intend to limit myself to the
exact details given, as in some cases the same may be varied according to the
peculiar construction of the various machines to which it may be applicable, but
that what I claim, and desire to be secured to me by the herein-before in part
recited Letters Patent, is,-
: First. The use in apparatus for spinning or like operations of a spindle. or
spindles which give an increased number of twists or turn to the yarn without
increasing the actual velocity of the revolution of the spindle itself by means of
what I have termed a planet spindle, applied and operating substantially in the
manner described, and as shewn on the Drawings.
Second. The application to the spindles, flyers, and bobbins used in spinning
machinery, or other equivalents, as for instance, the rings in ring frames, of a
motion which I have herein termed a planetary motion, in the manner and
for the purpose substantially as herein described and shewn in the annexed
Drawings.
In witness whereof, I, the said Enoch Hird, have hereunto set my hand and
seal, this Twenty-seventh day of March, in the year of our Lord One
thousand eight hundred and seventy-nine.
Witness,
EDMUND CHADWICK,
Patent Agent,
30, Arrowsmith Terrace,
Bolton.
ENOCH HIRD. (L.S.)